PMID- 6660072 TI - [Postoperative hemorrhages in the surgery of renal lithiasis. Embolization]. PMID- 6660071 TI - [Clinical study of patients with renal lithiasis treated with acetohydroxamic acid]. PMID- 6660073 TI - [Postoperative control of transurethral resection of prostatic adenomas by ultrasound]. PMID- 6660074 TI - [Value of computerized axial tomography in the diagnosis of the invasiveness and follow-up of patients with testicular cancer]. PMID- 6660075 TI - [Contrast nephropathy, apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 6660076 TI - [Ectopy in ureteral duplication discovered in an unusual manner]. PMID- 6660078 TI - [Neonatal suprarenal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6660077 TI - [Male bifid urethra with perianal outlet]. PMID- 6660079 TI - [Primary abscess of the psoas muscle. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 6660080 TI - [Vesical rhabdomyosarcoma in infancy]. PMID- 6660081 TI - [Dermal graft in a case of "os penis"]. PMID- 6660083 TI - [Esthetic dento-maxillo-facial eurhythmia]. PMID- 6660082 TI - [Modification of Buntz's technic in the surgery of varicocele: results]. PMID- 6660084 TI - [Orthodontics in the treatment of periodontopathies due to dental malposition]. PMID- 6660085 TI - [The mechanism of phonation, changes due to the loss of velopalatine substance]. PMID- 6660086 TI - [A case of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in 3 brothers. Dental problems]. PMID- 6660087 TI - [Contribution of electromyography in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders resulting from the dysfunction of the masticatory apparatus]. PMID- 6660088 TI - [A high-risk professional disease for dentists viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 6660089 TI - Multimodal torus in the weakly electric fish Eigenmannia. PMID- 6660090 TI - Program disorders of movement. PMID- 6660091 TI - Electromyographic analysis of bicycling on an ergometer for evaluation of spasticity of lower limbs in man. PMID- 6660092 TI - Neurobionomics of adaptive plasticity: integrating sensorimotor function with environmental demands. PMID- 6660093 TI - Rehabilitation versus passive recovery of motor control following central nervous system lesions. PMID- 6660094 TI - Bioelectric control of powered limbs for amputees. PMID- 6660095 TI - Visual control of reaching movements in man. PMID- 6660096 TI - Size principle of motoneuron recruitment and the calibration of muscle force and speed in man. PMID- 6660097 TI - Cutaneous facilitation of large motor units and motor control of human fingers in precision grip. PMID- 6660098 TI - Functional organization of the motor cortex. PMID- 6660099 TI - Input-output organization of the primate motor cortex. PMID- 6660100 TI - Contrasting properties of pyramidal tract neurons located in the precentral or postcentral areas and of corticorubral neurons in the behaving monkey. PMID- 6660101 TI - Interaction between motor commands and somatosensory afferents in the control of prehension. AB - In 1931, Hughlings Jackson made a distinction between voluntary and automatic movements. According to Jackson the former are varied and purposeful gestures, whereas the latter include stereotyped movements largely under immediate sensory control. In this regard it may be said that the motor function of the primate hand includes both voluntary as well as automatic responses. Phillips and Porter (1977) noted that injury to the nervous system may often disrupt tactile exploration and skilled manipulation, although the same lesion may fail to interfere with automatic prehension used in posture and locomotion. The effects of selective brain destruction as well as the results from single-cell recordings from moving animals have indicated some of the different contributions made by various parts of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical motor system. Prehension offers a unique opportunity in which the interactions between motor commands and somatosensory afferents may be studied. PMID- 6660102 TI - Functional organization of the supplementary motor area. PMID- 6660103 TI - Reciprocal Ia inhibitory pathway in normal man and in patients with motor disorders. PMID- 6660104 TI - Functional organization of recurrent inhibition in man: changes preceding and accompanying voluntary movements. PMID- 6660105 TI - Segmental versus suprasegmental contributions to long-latency stretch responses in man. PMID- 6660106 TI - Regulatory role of proprioceptive input in motor control of phasic or maintained voluntary contractions in man. PMID- 6660107 TI - Dissociated changes of short- and long-latency myotatic responses prior to a brisk voluntary movement in normals, in karate experts, and in Parkinsonian patients. PMID- 6660108 TI - Muscular contractions elicited by passive shortening. PMID- 6660110 TI - Analysis of movement control in man using the movable platform. PMID- 6660109 TI - Neuronal organization of the premotor system controlling horizontal conjugate eye movements and vestibular nystagmus. PMID- 6660111 TI - Sensory motor processing of target movements in motor cortex. PMID- 6660112 TI - Tonic labyrinthine reflex control of limb posture: reexamination of the classical concept. PMID- 6660114 TI - Rapid postural reactions to mechanical displacement of the hand in man. PMID- 6660115 TI - The Jendrassik maneuver: quantitative analysis of reflex reinforcement by remote voluntary muscle contraction. PMID- 6660113 TI - Patterns and mechanisms of postural instability in patients with cerebellar lesions. PMID- 6660116 TI - Motor dyscontrol as a hazard in massive body vibration in man. PMID- 6660117 TI - Reflex control of bipedal gait in man. PMID- 6660118 TI - Pathophysiological aspects of human locomotion. PMID- 6660119 TI - Anatomical and functional organization of reflexes involving the trigeminal system in man: jaw reflex, blink reflex, corneal reflex, and exteroceptive suppression. PMID- 6660120 TI - Human jaw reflexes. AB - Although the jaw reflexes are analogous in many ways to the corresponding limb reflexes, important differences do exist. The myotatic reflex appears to contribute more stiffness to the jaw-closing muscles than to limb muscles. The jaw tends to swing up and down during locomotion, and, to maintain a stable position in relationship to the skull, it is necessary that the muscles be made stiff by tonic contraction and/or through a powerful servoreflex. The short conduction pathway and rapid contraction of jaw muscles allow reflex effects to act with little phase lag and to provide efficient compensation. If limb muscle reflexes were equally powerful, their effects could be of more nuisance than help in overcoming expected loads because they occur so late. Perhaps the lack of Renshaw cell inhibition of trigeminal MNs and the potentiation of the jaw jerk reflex by chin vibration are features designed to maintain the strength of the myotatic reflex during locomotion. The jaw-opening reflex (including exteroceptive suppression of jaw-closer muscle activity) is bilaterally symmetrical rather than bilaterally reciprocal, as are the analogous spinal flexor withdrawal reflexes. Bilateral braking is necessary to stop closure, because the mandible crosses the midline, whereas withdrawal of a limb often needs to be compensated for by extension of the other to maintain balance. It has recently been shown in animals that limb and jaw reflex responses are highly context dependent: the size and direction of limb reflexes depend on the phase of locomotion (Forssberg et al., 1977), and the gain of the jaw-opening reflex is increased during the closing phase of mastication (Lund et al., 1981). PMID- 6660121 TI - Comparative study of corneal and blink reflex latencies in patients with segmental or with cerebral lesions. PMID- 6660122 TI - Clinical uses of the electrically elicited blink reflex. PMID- 6660123 TI - Cutaneomuscular (flexor) reflex organization in normal man and in patients with motor disorders. PMID- 6660124 TI - Exteroceptive influences on lower limb motoneurons in man: spinal and supraspinal contributions. PMID- 6660125 TI - Pathophysiology of dystonias. PMID- 6660126 TI - Visuomotor control of leg tracking in patients with Parkinson's disease or chorea. PMID- 6660127 TI - Slow visuomotor tracking in normal man and in patients with cerebellar ataxia. PMID- 6660128 TI - Analysis of abnormal voluntary and involuntary movements with surface electromyography. PMID- 6660129 TI - Motor control in man after partial or complete spinal cord injury. AB - The essential features of motor control in spinal man can be understood in terms of segmental reflexes interacting with, and controlled by, the influence of distant segments and even by the brainstem. Thus, overall motor control in patients with spinal cord lesions can be classified according to structure as: (1) simple segmental stretch and withdrawal reflexes; (2) plurisegmental gross reflex movement of paralyzed muscles; or (3) propriospinal processes with partial brain influence (i.e., severe spasticity and traces of position and postural control). Because of the variable nature of the injuries, there may be exceptions to this rule. However, the basic mechanisms can be understood by studying stretch reflex responses to various stimuli. The segmental reflexes are under a powerful influence of the propriospinal interneuron system which conducts impulses up and down the spinal cord. Finally, the apparently "isolated" spinal cord in which clinical signs indicate complete motor paralysis and lack of sensation below the lesion is not always isolated from supraspinal control of involuntary motor activity. In a significant proportion of the clinically complete spinal injuries we studied, it was possible to demonstrate the presence of preserved bulbospinal influences on spinal reflex responses. PMID- 6660130 TI - F-wave determination in nerve conduction studies. PMID- 6660131 TI - Quantification of the effects of muscle relaxant drugs in man by tonic stretch reflex. PMID- 6660132 TI - [New knowledge on the psychosocial development of the infant]. PMID- 6660133 TI - [Results of skinfold thickness measurements in students from the city of Jena and the Jena rural districts]. PMID- 6660134 TI - [Changes in head measurements of preschool children in the years between 1953 and 1976]. PMID- 6660135 TI - [Value and possibilities of somatotype determination in young athletes]. PMID- 6660136 TI - Experimental nursing homes for elderly people in the National Health Service. PMID- 6660137 TI - Haematological and biochemical laboratory values in an ambulatory elderly population: an analysis of the effects of age, sex and drugs. AB - Haematological and biochemical test results of 2242 ambulatory, elderly subjects in a health screening programme were used to study normal ranges for these values. A large percentage of leucocyte and erythrocyte counts and haemoglobin and haematocrit values were below the reference range of the laboratory performing the tests. Over 25% of erythrocyte counts were below the lower limit of normal, while in men 50% of mean corpuscular haemoglobin values were above the upper limit of normal. A large percentage of serum potassium concentrations were below the lower range of normal, while a high percentage of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglycerides, and lactic dehydrogenase concentrations fell above the upper limit of normal. When subjects using drugs were compared to a nondrug taking group, significant differences were found in serum potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, creatinine, uric acid and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase concentrations. PMID- 6660138 TI - Gait and balance in senile dementia of Alzheimer's type. AB - Measures of gait and balance were undertaken in 11 elderly ambulant patients suffering from senile dementia of Alzheimer type of moderate severity, and in an equal number of healthy non-demented age- and sex-matched controls. Valid results were obtained in nine pairs. Compared with the controls the demented patients had significantly shorter step length, lower gait speed, lower stepping frequency, greater step-to-step variability, greater double support ratio and greater sway path. The findings are consistent with the view that transcortical pathways participating in the integration of gait are damaged in senile dementia of Alzheimer type. The findings may help to explain the increased incidence of falls in patients with brain failure. PMID- 6660139 TI - Diagnosis and management of parkinsonism in the elderly. AB - Of 123 patients with parkinsonism attending a department of medicine for the elderly who were assessed, 73% were thought to have idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and 91% of these cases and 52% of the remaining cases had a history of rest tremor; 34% of all cases were demented. The prevalence of dementia did not correlate with the duration of disease. Demented patients with presumed idiopathic Parkinson's disease were not distinguishable from non-demented by duration of disease, presence of a history of rest tremor or use of L-dopa. Eighty-eight per cent of non-demented patients but only 44% of demented patients were thought to have responded to L-dopa. Lower doses of L-dopa were used than are conventional with younger patients. PMID- 6660141 TI - Sante Service Bayonne: a French approach to home care. AB - The home care of the elderly, the physically handicapped, and the terminally ill, as practised by a non-profit-making organization in south-west France, is described. Peripatetic nurses, nursing aides, and physiotherapists enable patients to remain in their own environments, and also relieve the acute hospital services. Costs are borne by the French health insurance schemes. PMID- 6660140 TI - Site of urinary tract infection in elderly women admitted to an acute geriatric assessment unit. AB - There have so far been no reported studies of localization of urinary tract infection (UTI) in elderly women. The site of infection, renal or bladder, in significant urinary tract infection in 50 elderly women (mean age 80) admitted acutely to a geriatric unit was determined by the Fairley bladder washout method. Of the 31 patients with an unequivocal result, 17 (55%) had renal infection and in only 14 (45%) was the infection confined to the bladder. This study has shown that, contrary to widely-held belief and standard teaching, in over 50% of cases of UTI in elderly hospitalized female patients the infection is renal. PMID- 6660142 TI - Effects of chair design, age and cognitive status on mobility. AB - To test the validity of published guidelines on the height of seating for the elderly, ambulant residents in three Social Services' Homes were asked to rise from their usual chairs and from a chair conforming to the guidelines. When both seat and arm height were at recommended levels, 77% of those who were usually chair-fast could rise unaided. More agile residents also benefited, as they could rise with less difficulty. Though mobility decreased with age, those who failed to benefit were distinguished by advanced brain failure rather than age. Some aspects of cost are discussed. PMID- 6660143 TI - Drug compliance not so bad, knowledge not so good--the elderly after hospital discharge. AB - Thirty-five consecutive discharges from three admission wards were seen in hospital shortly before discharge and followed up 3-12 days after returning home. Various aspects of after-care were assessed, particularly in relation to drug compliance and understanding of treatment. Of the 30 on regular medication, 92% of those visited at home achieved over 95% compliance, despite the fact that most did not understand the purpose of their drug therapy. Much additional information was discovered, including the fact that many family doctors visited patients fairly soon when informed of discharge by telephone instead of by the normal posted discharge summary. PMID- 6660144 TI - [Storage of cultured chick retinal pigment epithelial cells in frozen state]. PMID- 6660145 TI - [Local immune responses in rabbit eyes sensitized with lens proteins]. PMID- 6660146 TI - [Sequential studies of degeneration pattern of the retinal ganglion cells following intraretinal axotomy]. PMID- 6660147 TI - [A case of primary oxalosis associated with corneal degeneration]. PMID- 6660148 TI - [Effects of anoxia on human cornea]. PMID- 6660149 TI - [Clinical investigation on congenital primary open-angle glaucoma. Part 2. Follow up studies on the treatment and visual function]. PMID- 6660150 TI - [Permeability of rabbit uveal vessels following filtering surgery. 2. Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs]. PMID- 6660151 TI - [Peak velocity of saccadic eye movements in ocular myopathy]. PMID- 6660152 TI - [Limulus lysate test in bacterial keratitis]. PMID- 6660153 TI - [Defects of retinal nerve fiber layer and morphology of optic disk. Evaluation of biomicroscopic findings]. PMID- 6660154 TI - [Variation of glycosaminoglycans and their role in lens opacification]. PMID- 6660155 TI - [Accessory optic system of rats and dogs]. PMID- 6660156 TI - [Enzyme histochemistry of the lens--dehydrogenase activity in cataractous lens]. PMID- 6660157 TI - [Studies of retinal circulation with fluorescein dilution curve. 1. Apparatus for television fluorescein angiography and its use in men and rabbits]. PMID- 6660158 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in ophthalmology. 17. High frequency electronic linear scanning ultrasonic diagnosis equipment for ocular imaging diagnosis]. PMID- 6660159 TI - [Phagocytosis and exocytosis of latex particles by retinal pigment epithelium of carp]. PMID- 6660160 TI - [Endothelial wound healing of monkey cornea. The fluorophotometric and specular microscopic studies]. PMID- 6660161 TI - Venous drainage of the femoral neck in Legg Perthes disease and in hip dysplasia. A clinical and experimental study in the dog and pig. PMID- 6660162 TI - Ultrastructural studies on bovine horn cancer. PMID- 6660163 TI - Effect of dietary and injectable vitamin E on the antioxidant status of pigs. PMID- 6660164 TI - Plasma levels of progesterone and oestradiol-17 beta in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) during pregnancy. PMID- 6660165 TI - Endocrine effects of heat stress in boars. PMID- 6660166 TI - Isolation of Mycoplasma Canadense from bull semen. PMID- 6660167 TI - Chronical venous catheterization for frequent blood sampling in unrestrained pigs. PMID- 6660168 TI - Muscular and myocardial degeneration in rapidly growing male mink kits. PMID- 6660169 TI - Cholinesterase in plasma and acetylcholinesterase in erythrocytes from cattle of different breeds and ages and fed different diets. PMID- 6660170 TI - Mycoplasmas isolated from Norwegian pig lungs. PMID- 6660171 TI - Longstanding colonisation of the respiratory tract of calves by Mycoplasma dispar. PMID- 6660172 TI - [Ketotifen in childhood asthma]. AB - In 1981 a double blind study was conducted at random with Ketotifen. Fifty children were chosen at random (40 males and 10 females) who had been diagnosed as suffering from extrinsic bronchial asthma and had not undergone any previous treatment either with sodium cromoglycate or with immunotherapy. In all cases the treatment lasted 12 weeks, with monthly controls, in some cases on a weekly basis, which measured the following parameters: Daily written control by the parents of the clinical evolution. Monthly clinical examination with cardiovascular control (Cardiac frequency, T A , etc.) respiratory examination with lung function study, auxomatric control (height, weight), etc. Monthly control of the additional medication received, specifying type of medication, dosage and length of time administered (bronchodilators, antihistamines, antibiotics, etc.). Monthly control of possible collateral and side effects: subjective symptoms: neurologic, digestive, dermatologic, psychic, neuro vegetative, genito-urinary, cardiorespiratory, etc. Analytical control at the commencement and termination of treatment which consists of: a) complete blood cell count, b) platelets and c) hepatic function study (GOT, CPT and alkaline phosphatases). The results of the overall evaluation of the group of children submitted to treatment with active substances were as follows: In asthma 70.35% was VERY EFFECTIVE and EFFECTIVE and 29.61% SLIGHTLY or NOT EFFECTIVE. In dermorespiratory cases 57.13% was VERY EFFECTIVE or EFFECTIVE and 42.85% SLIGHTLY EFFECTIVE. In concomitant rhinitis 74.93% was VERY EFFECTIVE and EFFECTIVE and 25% SLIGHTLY EFFECTIVE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6660174 TI - The pollen calendar of Siena (Central Italy). AB - The atmospheric pollen count at Siena was carried out for 4 years (1978-1981) to determine the average quantity of airborn pollen and the families, genera or species which contribute to such pollen dispersal. The pollination period stretches from February to mid October. The highest pollination period is from May to July when the most important pollen producers are Poaceae, Urticaceae, Pinus, Quercus, Oleaceae and Castanea sativa. Also in March there are high pollen production values due to Cupressaceae, Corylaceae, Alnus and Ulmus. PMID- 6660175 TI - [Effect of streptococcal products in the induction of antibodies against cardiac sarcolemma]. AB - It has been pointed out in rheumatic fever that the extracellular products of streptococcus (EPS) induce an immune response capable of producing autoimmunity against cardiac structures. In an experimental model in rats, the possibility that EPS facilitates the production of antisarcolemma antibodies was analyzed by injecting the animals with EPS, or simultaneously with EPS and human heart sarcolemma (HHS). The rat sera was analyzed by microdouble immunodiffusion against EPS, HHS or a mixture of both, the rats immunized with HHS or with EPS and HHS produced anti-HHS antibodies. The average of precipitation bands increased with the number of immunizations. Under the experimental conditions used, the humoral immune response against HHS was not modified by EPS and also EPS alone did not induce antibodies against sarcolemma. The synthesis of antibodies to EPS was very low or Null. The antiestreptolysin-O levels were low during the immunization period. A minimal inspecific myocarditis with lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate was induced. The humoral immune response against cardiac sarcolemma and against the extracellular products of streptococcus was similar in the groups of rats studied, independently of sex, weight, age, dose, inoculation method or immunization time in accordance with schemes used in this work. PMID- 6660173 TI - [Chemical and immunologic study of pollen from the gramineous plant Lolium perenne]. AB - In order to study the chemical composition and immunologic reactivity of an extract of rye grass pollen (RGP), aliquots of this antigen were passed through Sephadex G-50 and DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange columns. This method yielded 7 proteins and 10 sugars, whose quantities were determined by absorbance in a LKB Uvicrd spectrophotometer at 280 nm and 470 nm respectively. Protein contents were also recorded by the Lowry method and the micro-Kjehldal technique. Adult albino rabbits were immunized with a mixture of RGP and complete Freund's adjuvant over a period of eight weeks. The antisera obtained were studied by the Ouchterlony method and the passive hemagglutination technique against RGP and all the eluated fractions. Skin tests with RGP and its fourteen most conspicuous eluated fractions were performed in 29 untreated atopic patients with seasonal rhinitis and bronchial asthma, high reactivity to a whole grass mixture and RGP and high levels of serum IgE. Results were recorded after 15 minutes for the immediate reaction when the histamine positive control had reached near maximal size and in the morning. Molecular weights were studied with the usual marker proteins subjected to gel filtration by a Sephadex G-50 column. Each protein concentration was 13,5 mg/ml in a volume of 1,5 ml, meanwhile RGP was 12 mg/ml. PRIST and RAST were carried out with human sera to determine IgE levels and specific IgE and IgG anti-RGP antibodies. Ouchterlony showed precipitin lines among the rabbit RGP antiserum, whole grass mixture, RGP and the fractions from tubes 38 and 359, meanwhile Boyden's technique appeared positive only between the anti-serum and whole grass mixture and RGP (1:256). The other fractions gave negative results as all of the human sera of both groups. Skin tests in the atopics showed type I reactions with whole grass mixture, RGP, proteins no 33 (Sephadex), 25 and 38 (DEAE-cellulose) and sugars no 56, 192 and 360, but negative results in the controls. Molecular weights obtained were for fraction no 13 68.000, for fraction no 28 25.500 and for fraction no 33 18.400 daltons respectively. RAST revealed in 28 sera a IgG anti-RGP before hyposensitization therapy and an IgE anti-RGP of class 2 only in 8 sera and in 10 of class 1. This surprising result needs further investigation to clarify if the ratio IgE/IgG anti-RGP plays any role in the pathogenesis of pollinosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6660176 TI - Circulating immune complexes in pollinosis and chronic bronchopathies. Effect of immunotherapy. AB - The aim of this study is to investigate a possible presence of CIC in pollinic patients with or without specific immunotherapy and in bronchial asthmatic patients with or without immunotherapy. The determination of CIC is carried out by means of precipitation with 3.5% PEG and a posterior determination of C4 of the precipitates as well as optical density. In our results we have found either normal values or similar ones to the control group in all the groups of patients studied, and which therefore proves to us on the one hand that in pollinosis there are no elevated levels of CIC and on the other hand that immunotherapy does not modify the levels of CIC. PMID- 6660177 TI - A triple autoimmune association. AB - We present a female patient affected by the triple association of rheumatoid arthritis, amyloidosis and Sicca Syndrome. The individual pathological features are well documented. We discussed the rarity of this presentation and some pecularities of the case such as the presence of a true Sicca Syndrome with lymphoid infiltration of the salivary glands to distinguish it from other amyloid patients with Sicca Syndrome due to the infiltration of exocrine gland by amyloid. PMID- 6660178 TI - Expanded roles for pharmacists. Have we gone too far? PMID- 6660179 TI - The pharmacist's role in referral. PMID- 6660180 TI - Are we missing the boat? The elderly, the pharmacist, and home health care. PMID- 6660182 TI - Marketing professional services to the patient and consumer. PMID- 6660181 TI - A practical compendium on sweetening agents. PMID- 6660183 TI - Valium & values. PMID- 6660184 TI - Developing an effective public relations program. PMID- 6660185 TI - Resources on substance abuse. PMID- 6660186 TI - In vitro and in vivo response after exposure to man-made mineral and asbestos insulation fibers. PMID- 6660187 TI - Chemical protective clothing: a comparison of chemical permeation test cells and direct-reading instruments. AB - Chemical permeation of acetone through unsupported Neoprene using the ASTM cell and another commercially-available, but smaller, test cell was compared. Also, different portable direct-reading instruments were used to determine breakthrough time and steady-state permeation. The breakthrough times between the two permeation cells and among different portable direct-reading instruments were not statistically different. However, steady-state permeation rates between the two cells using the same direct-reading instrument were statistically different. Chemical permeation test methods suitable for field evaluation of chemical protective clothing are discussed. PMID- 6660188 TI - Noise exposure: action level criteria as a predictor of permissible exposure level criteria. AB - The adoption of the OSHA noise amendment has made it necessary to make two different noise exposure measurements. These are the employee's exposure with reference to the action level criteria, which requires a threshold of 80 dBA, and the employee's exposure with reference to the permissible exposure limit, which employs a 90 dBA threshold. In addition to the time constraints involved in measuring employee exposure in relation to two different thresholds, many organizations will not have access to equipment capable of performing these separate tasks simultaneously. Based on 242 simultaneous exposure measurements of both the action level and the permissible exposure level criteria, this paper describes a method which uses one noise exposure criteria measurement to predict an employee's exposure at the other. PMID- 6660189 TI - Field investigations of noise reduction afforded by insert-type hearing protectors. AB - NIOSH conducted field investigations in 1977 and 1981 to determine the actual noise reduction afforded to industrial workers who used insert-type hearing protectors (earplugs) daily. In-situ attenuation tests of 420 workers at 15 industrial plants were conducted to determine the noise reduction provided by earplugs as they were worn during the workday. The workplace results, when compared to manufacturers' best-fit laboratory test results, indicated that 50% of the workers tested were receiving less than one-half the potential attenuation of the earplugs. PMID- 6660190 TI - A chemical and engineering analysis of dust in textile mills. AB - Proximate chemical analysis was conducted on the carding, spinning and weave rooms of textile mills. The dust was found to be composed of inorganic, cellulosic and noncellulosic organics in carding and spinning. The percentage of noncellulosic organic (the component of cotton dust considered to be responsible for byssinosis in cotton textile workers) in ring spinning was found to be one half the percentage composition of the card room dust. The cellulosic percentage of spinning room dust is elevated above that found in card rooms. In weave rooms the composition of dust is a function of the fabric being produced, environmental control systems, and machinery. In all weave rooms where dust levels were sufficiently above background, all components of the dust were accounted for by the proximate chemical analysis without the presence of a noncellulosic organic component. The card room, spinning room and weave room produce dusts that are very different in composition, to the extent that the proximate chemical analysis could identify the area of origin of dust samples from a textile mill. PMID- 6660191 TI - Attempts at aerosol control in a turkey rearing confinement with negative air ionization. AB - Aerosol control is a significant problem in agriculture and industry. Two separate studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of a "negative air ionization" system in aerosol control. The first study was conducted with a turkey "brooder" barn and a control for a six-week period. The second study was conducted with a turkey "grow-out" barn and a control for a twelve-week period. Sampling parameters for both studies included environmental aerosol sampling, ion imbalance measurements, relative humidity, temperature and barometric pressure measurements and daily turkey mortality. Study two also included post study bird weights. Results of sampling parameters were consistent between study one and study two. No significant difference was found between test and control total average aerosol concentration for both studies. Ion imbalance measurements served to indicate that test environments were negatively ionized while control environments experienced normal environmental conditions. Meteorological parameters did not significantly affect aerosol concentrations. Normal variations in bird mortality were observed in the first study, but death rates increased with ionization in the latter. Overall, it was determined that the "negative air ionization" could not be considered as an effective means of aerosol control in turkey rearing confinements. PMID- 6660192 TI - Personal sampling impactor with respirable aerosol penetration characteristics. AB - Single stage impactors with penetration characteristics approximating those of the BMRC, AEC and ACGIH respirable criteria have been developed for use as personal samplers. Three impactors were built for flow rates of 2 L/min. Experimental calibration data of these impactors are compared to the respective respirable criteria for which they were designed. Oil soaked impaction plates were used in these impactors so particles impacting on the plates would always strike an oiled surface and not bounce from the plate. Experiments with coal dust using these plates showed little particle bounce. Finally, a procedure is introduced by which samplers can be designed with penetration characteristics that differentiate between the AEC and ACGIH respirable criteria. PMID- 6660193 TI - The flow-past chamber: an improved nose-only exposure system for rodents. AB - We have designed a nose-only inhalation exposure chamber in which fresh aerosol is flowed past each exposure port and exhaled air is immediately exhausted. This allows all animals in the chamber to be exposed to the same aerosol concentration. In tests comparing initial lung burdens (ILB) of animals exposed in a standard chamber with those of animals exposed in the flow-past chamber, coefficients of variation in ILBs were significantly smaller for the latter. PMID- 6660194 TI - Laboratory and field comparison of three methods for monitoring sulfur dioxide in air. AB - The purpose of this test was to establish the relative response of Du Pont Pro Tek C-20 SO2 air monitoring badges with NIOSH Physical and Chemical Analytical Methods (P&CAM S308 and 160) in field tests at a steel mill blast furnace area during normal slag release operations. No significant difference was found at the 95% confidence level between the badges and P&CAM S308. The correlation coefficient between the badges and P&CAM S308 was 0.996. The NIOSH P&CAM 160 gave considerably lower results in the field. Exposures ranged from 6.3 to 35.4 ppm airborne sulfur dioxide. Analysis of field-exposed badges stored for five days at room temperature showed no loss of absorbed SO2 when compared with badges analyzed immediately. Prior to field testing, badges and impingers were validated in the laboratory using certified gas cylinders containing SO2 in air over the anticipated exposure range. Both impinger methods, when validated in the laboratory, met NIOSH accuracy requirements for a sampling and analytical method. PMID- 6660195 TI - Formaldehyde vapor exposures in anatomy laboratories. AB - This study examined formaldehyde vapor exposures that occurred in the gross anatomy laboratories of a major medical school during a 12-week study period. Formaldehyde samples were collected using personal sampling pumps to draw air through midget impingers containing a 0.1% solution of sodium bisulfite dissolved in deionized water as the absorbing medium. Breathing zone and ambient air samples were collected and analyzed from 8 laboratories on a rotating basis. Analysis was via the chromotropic acid method recommended by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. It was found that 44% of all breathing zone samples were greater than the 1.0 ppm ceiling value for occupational exposure recently recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Only 11% of ambient air samples were in excess of 1.0 ppm. PMID- 6660196 TI - Traditional medicine, update from the World Health Organization, Geneva. PMID- 6660197 TI - The treatment of Meniere's disease by acupuncture. AB - 34 patients suffering from Meniere's disease were treated by acupuncture. Prior to acupuncture most of them had been treated with various other medical means without satisfactory results. After acupuncture treatment their condition greatly improved. The classic symptoms of Meniere's disease are vertigo, tinnitus and deafness, but for all the treated patients vertigo was the most uncomfortable and distressing symptom. In all our cases vertigo stopped after a few acupuncture courses; but in our opinion it is more important to follow and control hearing threshold, since if it remains stable the other symptoms of Meniere's disease also do not persist. All our patients were regularly followed by careful audiometric studies several years after acupuncture treatment. In most cases hearing level had not greatly varied, so the other symptoms of Meniere's disease were not present in any large degree. PMID- 6660198 TI - Effect of acupuncture on disorders of musculoskeletal system in Nigerians. AB - Acupuncture was offered to patients with lesions affecting the locomotor system. These patients had received conventional physiotherapy treatment with limited success. The lesions treated by acupuncture were hemiplegia, low back pain, frozen shoulder, dropped foot, Sciatica, and arthritis of the knee and hip. Response to acupuncture was excellent in the more acute conditions of low back pain and frozen shoulder, where six treatment sessions were required for complete recovery. The more chronic conditions required many more treatment sessions and the improvement recorded was significant, though not complete. It was concluded that acupuncture has a valuable role to play in a physiotherapy department. PMID- 6660199 TI - Effects of single moxibustion on phagocytic activity in mice. AB - Effects of moxibustion stimulation on the phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system in ddY and ICR mice has been studied by using the carbon clearance methods. It was found that moxibustion stimulation induced the enhancement of the phagocytic activity with increased phagocytic indexes (K and a indexes) and lysosomal enzyme activities in mice peritoneal exudate cells and peritoneal macrophages. In addition, the increase of carbon uptake in the Kupffer cells of the liver after carbon injection can be seen by light microscopy when compared with that of nontreated mice. Few big holes on the cell surface of the macrophages obtained from the moxibustion mice were observed in scanning electron microscopical studies. These results suggest that the moxibustion treatment caused the enhancement of the host defence mechanisms in mice. PMID- 6660200 TI - Changes in the electrical skin resistance on meridians during gastric surgery under general anesthesia. AB - The purpose of this experiment was to investigate how the skin resistance on accumulation points is modified by general anesthesia in gastric surgery and whether the stomach meridian shows particular changes or not. Ten patients were inducted with 5 mg/kg of thiopental and maintained with nitrous oxide-oxygen halothane. The skin resistance on 12 meridians decreased gradually from an average of 432 K alpha before anesthesia to an average of 266 K alpha at the end of surgery. However, the kidney and the bladder meridians showed a trend to exceptional increase by a maximum of 100 and 73 percent, respectively. The skin resistance on the stomach meridian showed only a 23 percent decrease and no particular changes. No significant difference was noted in the change rate of meridians between the Yin and Yang groups. Comparison of these changes with those under acupuncture or local anesthesia during ophthalmic surgery was discussed. PMID- 6660201 TI - Electrical skin resistance changes in meridians during ophthalmic surgery with local anesthesia. AB - Electrical skin resistance on Accumulation points in twelve meridians was measured during operation of cataract under local anesthesia. Electrical skin resistance increased an average of 15 percent in bladder, kidney, liver, stomach, gall bladder meridians, and decreased an average of 18 percent in lung, small intestine, heart, spleen-pancreas, heart constrictor, triple heater, large intestine meridians. When comparing the skin resistance values with those under acupuncture anesthesia during ophthalmic surgery, the skin resistance value under acupuncture anesthesia exhibited a marked decrease in all meridians (average 23 percent decrease) except the kidney meridian. On the other hand, the skin resistance under local anesthesia was only a 7.4 percent decrease in all meridians except the kidney meridian. It was speculated as one of the reasons for less changes of skin resistance under local anesthesia that sympathetic nervous activity did not occur so much because of pain relief due to local anesthesia. PMID- 6660202 TI - Acupuncture and rehabilitation (I) effect of acupuncture on normal side to snapping finger. AB - The snapping finger condition has increased recently. And this condition is difficult to recover in most cases. The snapping finger condition was improved quite remarkably by the rehabilitation (Reha) of the leison performed immediately after acupuncture in the symmetrical part of the leison on the normal side and Chu-chih (LI-11), Shou-son-li (LI-10), Wai-kuan (TH-5), Ho-ku (LI-4) and Yang chih (TH-4) on the normal side. But the favorable effect could not be obtained when Reha had not been performed on the leison. The effects were slight either in the combination therapy of Reha of the leison with the acupuncture of the leison and Chu-chih (LI-11), Shou-san-li (LI-10), Wai-kuan (TH-5), Ho-ku (LI-4) and Yang chih (TH-4) on the abnormal side or in the simple treatment with Reha or with the acupuncture on the abnormal side. The acupuncture in the normal side resulted in a more remarkable result after Reha (Reha-effect) because Reha of the leison could easily contend with it. It is a valuable means of therapy as the snapping finger condition is presently on the increase. PMID- 6660203 TI - Soma juice as administered to a newly born child being mentioned in Rigveda. AB - Primitive life faced dangers to life during delivery and also to the newly born. As a prophylactic measure Soma juice was consumed by the mother and was the first drink given to the child. This custom has survived among the Parsis. A verse in Rigveda, hitherto overlooked, is offered implying the rite previously existed even among the Vedic Ayrans. PMID- 6660204 TI - Acupuncture and rehabilitation (II) study in cases of snapping finger. AB - We found that "juci" appearing in "Wangdinlijingsumen" is very effective in the treatment of snapping fingers: It was revealed that the finger became able to move immediately after the acupuncture had been carried out on the healthy side at the symmetrical part to the lesion. The snapping fingers were improved by the flection-extension exercise and the massage carried out while the effect of acupuncture continued because the joint could move normally during this period. Since this result accords with the principle that the exercises with the extending motility allow an augmentation in effects of rehabilitation (Reha), authors think this therapy is extremely valuable. In this paper, some cases of difficult snapping finger treated with this therapy were reported. PMID- 6660205 TI - Acupuncture and rehabilitation (III) effects of acupuncture applied to the normal side on osteoarthritis deformans and rheumatoid arthritis of the knee and on disorders in motility of the knee joint after cerebral hemorrhage and thrombosis. AB - In osteoarthritis deformans and rheumatoid arthritis of the knee and in disorders in motility of the knee joint after cerebral hemorrhage and thrombosis, acupuncture was applied to the normal side at the symmetrical part to the lesion and flection-extension exercise and massage on the affected joint were carried out as rehabilitation (Reha) during the time the needles were used. A most remarkable cure rate was obtained in osteoarthritis deformans of the knee when treated with acupuncture on the normal side and flection-extension exercise and massage on the affected part. The cure rate was low in rheumatoid arthritis, and the therapy was non-effective concerning disorders in motility of the knee joint after cerebral hemorrhage or thrombosis. The improvement rate, however, was extremely low in osteoarthritis deformans and rheumatoid arthritis of the knee after the acupuncture on the affected part of the affected side with Reha on the affected part of the affected side, or Reha on the lesion, and these means of therapy were completely non-effective concerning disorders in motility after cerebral hemorrhage or thrombosis. Our previous reports No. 1 and 2 accord with the evidence obtained in this study that the acupuncture on the normal side and Reha on the affected part of the affected side produced most remarkable effect in osteoarthritis deformans of the knee. The low improvement rate in rheumatoid arthritis and non-effectiveness concerning disorders in motility of the knee joint after cerebral hemorrhage or thrombosis may be explained by differences in morphology of the diseases. PMID- 6660207 TI - Tibetan medicine. PMID- 6660206 TI - The role of Chinese traditional medical practice as a form of health care in Singapore--II. Some characteristics of providers. AB - A survey of 19 voluntary institutions providing Chinese traditional medical services in Singapore investigated their organisation, the types of medical services provided, patient volume, and the characteristics of the physicians working there. This paper reports on the findings of the survey. PMID- 6660208 TI - Ayurvedic medicine. PMID- 6660209 TI - Unani medicine. PMID- 6660210 TI - Personality types in Ayurveda. AB - The basis of human personality as given in ancient Hindu Ayurvedan literature is reviewed and interpreted in the light of current knowledge and understanding. The structure of mind expounded in Sankhyan philosophy is explained and its parallelism with the Freudian approach is brought out. The formative influences in the development of the mental constitution of an individual are described. An attempt is made to demonstrate close similarity between Ayurvedan and Lewin's field (Gestalt) theories. Significance of Tridosh (Vet, Pitta and Kaf), by vitiating the chemical balance, as etiological factors of mental illness is described. Sixteen personality types and their correspondence with 16 types of mental disorders are mentioned. PMID- 6660211 TI - Scientific clarification of diagnostics used in Chinese traditional medicine--a genetic and biochemical study of confirmation. AB - Chinese medicine has the heritage of diagnostic technique in which the past, present and future characteristics of patients are comprehensively pigeonholed by the concept of "confirmation" to presume the prognosis of the disease. If this simple "therapeutic diagnosis" to select the therapeutic agents can be combined with "pathologic diagnosis" of Western medicine, it could contribute a great deal to the modern medicine. For this purpose, it is necessary to study the philosophy of and agents used in Chinese medicine at the current level of science. PMID- 6660212 TI - The role of Chinese traditional medical practice as a form of health care in Singapore--IV. Physicians in private practice. AB - Although the government of the Republic of Singapore do not give official recognition to the estimated 1000 Chinese physicians in the country, these practitioners of traditional herbal medicine still enjoy the patronage of a certain segment of the population, 76% of whom are ethnically Chinese. In an earlier paper, we have reported on the characteristics of Chinese physicians who volunteer their service for institutions that provide Chinese traditional health care in Singapore. This complementary paper reports the findings of a survey of 55 physicians who run their own private practice about whom, prior to our study, very little was known. PMID- 6660213 TI - Further investigation on the hypothesis of meridian-cortex-viscera interrelationship. AB - The hypothesis of Meridian-Cortex-Viscera Interrelationship maintains: 1. Meridian channel system is an independent system connected with the nerves to the cortex; 2. It acts through the nerves; 3. The nervous action is realized by humoral agents. This article gives preliminary-experimental supports for the above criteria. PMID- 6660214 TI - The three heaters as the link between man and universe. AB - Taking stock of the origin, the location and the function of the three heaters is determining their inseparability from the art of acupuncture. Apart and together they are the ducted heating system of the body and pervade every cell. This really wholistic concept is firmly tied up with the birth place of all matter in the cosmos. At the change-over from energy to matter and v.v. we find them as the triggering and fertilizing force keeping body, mind and spirit together as a trinity. Consequently, although concerned with the Chi conversion on one hand, a not properly working San Chiao is mainly involved with disturbances of emotional life on the other. Locating them in the lining of the stomach is introducing the concept of heaven, earth and man. Applied to the traditional pulse positions the three heaters quite clearly, but not surprisingly, represent the three urges of life. PMID- 6660215 TI - Cerebral infarction improved by safflower treatment. AB - The effect of safflower on cerebral infarction was studied in 152 Mongolian gerbils. Sixty-three animals were evaluated neurological deficit over 8 hours postoperation, then sacrificed and NE, DA and 5-HT contents of each cerebral hemisphere and brain stem were determined. NE, DA and 5-HT of hemisphere ipsilateral to the ligated artery in untreated animals declined significantly compared with sham-operated animals and safflower-treated gerbils. There was no significant difference between safflower-treated and sham-operated animals in NE, DA and 5-HT contents. The mean stroke index at 8 hours in safflower treated animals was 2.1 +/- 0.7, whereas untreated gerbils was 7.8 +/- 1.9 (P less than 0.01). Eighty-nine animals were followed up for 5 days, the safflower-treated animals showed a benign clinical course and mortality rate was reduced by 29.7% (6/34 vs. 26/55) in safflower-treated animals compared with untreated animals (P less than 0.01). Safflower has a protective and beneficial effect on cerebral ischemia induced in Mongolian gerbils. PMID- 6660216 TI - Effect of garlic, Chinese medicinal drugs and amino acids on growth of Erlich ascites tumor cells in mice. AB - A number of food materials or drugs have been screened for the effect on the growth and development of transplantable Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Growth of tumor-bearing mice was significantly inhibited by feeding garlic as well as some amino acids. These materials significantly reduced the total number of free tumor cells growing in the peritoneal cavity of mice and prolonged significantly the length of time for 50% death of tumor-bearing mice. PMID- 6660217 TI - Hypoglycemic effect of guava juice in mice and human subjects. AB - Guava is a plentiful fruit in Taiwan and it was taken from the plants of Psidium guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae). According to the folklore in Chinese Medicine, gauva was useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, acute i.p. treatment with 1 g/kg guava juice produced a marked hypoglycemic action in normal and alloxan-treated diabetic mice. Although effective duration of guava is more transient and it is less potent than chlorpropamide and metformin, blood glucose lowering effect of guava also can be obtained by oral administration in maturity-onset diabetic and healthy volunteers. Thus, it is suggested that guava may be employed to improve and/or prevent the disease of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6660218 TI - Clinical observation on the uterotonic effect of I-mu Ts'ao (Leonurus artemisia). AB - Normal fertile women given an oral dose of I-mu Ts'ao decoction (30 g. dry weight equivalent) showed an increase in intra-uterine pressure in 41.3% of 121 cases. The increase ranged from 150% to over 300% of spontaneous activity before dosing. A slightly higher success rate was observed with 2 successive doses or with improved experimental skill in later cases. Ergonovine (0.2 mg i.m.) scored a success rate of 61%. Therefore, I-mu Ts'ao decoction appeared to have a relative potency of 91% compared with ergonovine when the highest success rate (55.5%) of the former is considered. Blank control with water yield a positive response rate of 2.7%. There are no observable side-effects apart from diuresis. PMID- 6660219 TI - Plasma lipid-lowering action of ginseng saponins and mechanism of the action. AB - Elevation of plasma levels of cholesterol and triglyceride was reduced by the intramuscular injection of ginseng principles fraction 4 (saponin content, ca. 1/2). The elimination of intraperitoneally injected 4-[14C]-cholesterol from plasma was accelerated by fraction 4 administration. Fecal excretion [14C]bile acids and [14C]sterols after intraperitoneal injection of 4-[14C]-cholesterol was significantly increased by fraction 4 administration. PMID- 6660220 TI - Plasma lipid-lowering and lipogenesis-stimulating actions of ginseng saponins in tumor-bearing rats. AB - Ascited hepatoma (AH41C or AH130) was transplanted to male rats Donryu strain. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and non-esterified fatty acid levels were reduced with oral administration of ginseng principle fraction 3 (saponin content, ca. 1/5). Incorporation of 1-[14C]-acetate into total lipids and fatty acids in adipose tissue was increased by fraction 3 administration in both normal and tumor-bearing rats. The incorporation increased in the earlier stage of tumor growth and decreased in the later one. Incorporation of 1-[14C]-acetate into total lipid, free and esterified cholesterol, TG and phospholipid in the liver was also enhanced by fraction 3 administration in both normal and tumor-bearing animals. In vitro addition of ginseng principle fraction 4 (saponin content, ca. 1/2) increased incorporation of 1-[14C]-acetate into lipid fractions in adipose tissue and liver. Incorporation of 1-[14C]-acetate into lipid fractions in ascites hepatoma cells remained unchanged with both oral administration of fraction 3 and in vitro addition of fraction 4. DNA and protein synthesis in the tumor cells was not changed with in vitro addition of fraction 4. PMID- 6660221 TI - Serum HDL-cholesterol-increasing and fatty liver-improving actions of Panax ginseng in high cholesterol diet-fed rats with clinical effect on hyperlipidemia in man. AB - Effects of Panax ginseng on plasma and hepatic lipids were investigated in the high cholesterol diet-fed rats and in patients with hyperlipidemia. Oral administration of red ginseng powder reduced plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride and NEFA, while plasma HDL-cholesterol was elevated. Platelet adhesiveness was also reduced by ginseng administration. The plasma lipid improving actions were also observed in patients with hyperlipidemia. Hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents were decreased and phospholipid increased by ginseng administration in the high cholesterol diet-fed rats, corresponding to improvement of the fatty liver. PMID- 6660222 TI - Preparation of caffeine and sodium benzoate injection. PMID- 6660223 TI - Using reprint requests to update a drug information file. PMID- 6660224 TI - Vitamin K1 content of enteral products. PMID- 6660225 TI - Ciguatera as a cause of food poisoning in Puerto Rico. PMID- 6660226 TI - Recommendations for handling cytotoxic drugs in hospitals. PMID- 6660227 TI - Justification and operation of a critical-care satellite pharmacy. AB - Development and implementation of a pharmacy satellite for critical-care areas in a 700-bed community hospital are described. Before the satellite, central pharmacy personnel filled 70% of critical-care orders; the remainder of medications were floor stock. Large-volume admixtures were prepared by nurses on the critical-care units. In planning for a satellite pharmacy, turn-around time and lost drug charges were studied. Workload and staffing projections and potential expenses and revenues associated with the proposed satellite were presented to the hospital administration. The satellite was approved and serves 82 beds including the critical-care areas. It is open 16.5 hours/day and provides all i.v. admixtures. Drug distribution is computerized, and pharmacists participate on the CPR team and on physician rounds. Data collected four months after the satellite opened showed shorter turnaround time, decreased floor stock inventory, fewer lost charges, and additional revenue from preparation of i.v. admixtures. Ten months after the satellite was opened, a unit dose system was implemented. Through implementation of the satellite, shorter turnaround time for medication orders and i.v. admixtures, improved drug control, and greater control over billing were achieved. PMID- 6660228 TI - Decentralized preparation of short-term prescriptions for discharged patients. AB - The rationale for and implementation of a decentralized system for filling short term discharge prescriptions are described. To prevent interruption of drug therapy, orders for three-day supplies of medications were filled in the outpatient pharmacy and returned to patients before discharge. Under the old system, more than 20% of medications ordered were not received by patients. Reasons for this problem were identified, and a new system was designed in which these discharge prescriptions were filled in satellite pharmacies. A follow-up study under the new system showed that only 1.5-3% of discharge medications were not received by patients and that patients' use of the discharge medication program was increased. Implementation of a decentralized discharge prescription program using the existing satellite pharmacies allowed increased efficiency in delivery of medications to patients at the time of their discharge from the hospital. PMID- 6660229 TI - Reducing medication use in a chronic pain management program. AB - The pharmacist's role in an inpatient program using behavior-modification methods for management of chronic pain is described. Patients with chronic pain of at least six months' duration are admitted to the program; those with psychotic behavior or medical or surgical problems are excluded. During a six-week stay, patients are managed by an interdisciplinary team. The pharmacist and the patient negotiate a contract for stepwise decreases in use of analgesic and sedative drugs. Medications are administered on a regular time schedule, not on demand. The pharmacist also teaches patients and families about drugs and their proper use. A survey showed that most patients in the sample were using less medication three months after discharge than before admission to the program. Pharmacists can participate in management of patients with chronic pain by planning a method for reducing the amount of medication used and by educating patients and their families about drugs. PMID- 6660230 TI - Bacterial and fungal growth in intravenous fat emulsions. AB - Growth of bacterial and fungal organisms in i.v. fat emulsions was studied. A total of 81 isolates of 15 bacterial and fungal strains were used to inoculate (in test tubes) 10% soybean oil emulsion (Intralipid, Cutter Laboratories), 10% safflower oil emulsion (Liposyn, Abbott Laboratories), trypticase soya broth, and 0.9% sodium chloride at about 2500 organisms/ml. Duplicate samples and negative controls were prepared. Samples were handled under two procedures after inoculation: (1) initially refrigerated overnight, then stored at room temperature for 24 hours, and (2) stored only at room temperature for 24 hours. Samples were taken at 3, 7, and 24 hours after the samples were placed at room temperature, and colony counts were performed. Most organisms grew equally well in the fat emulsions and trypticase soya broth. Fungal strains grew more slowly than bacterial strains but reached equal numbers by 24 hours. Organisms grew quite slowly in sodium chloride, and negative controls showed no growth. These i.v. fat emulsions supported bacterial and fungal growth at the same level as trypticase soya broth. PMID- 6660231 TI - Stability of digitoxin tablets submitted by U.S. hospitals. AB - The stability of digitoxin tablets that had been stored in hospital pharmacies across the United States was studied. Through a voluntary FDA drug stability program, all hospital pharmacies in the United States were asked in October 1981 to complete a response card indicating information about the digitoxin products they had in stock. Based on the responses, FDA selected 25 samples (representing seven manufacturers) from pharmacies that represented an adequate cross section of the country. These samples were analyzed for content uniformity, strength, dissolution, identification, and other digitoxosides. Of the 25 samples, 19 lots were represented, including 11, 6, 1, and 1 lots of 0.1-mg, 0.2-mg, 0.15-mg and 0.05-mg tablets, respectively. Samples from two lots failed to meet USP requirements for strength, content uniformity, and dissolution; samples from four lots failed to meet the requirements for dissolution only. All six defective lots did not show an expiration date, indicating that they were manufactured before 1975. Digitoxin tablet products still within the expiration date showed no evidence of degradation after storage under actual marketplace conditions. PMID- 6660232 TI - Variables affecting creatinine clearance prediction. AB - Patient data were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the relationship between several body-weight variables and creatinine production and clearance. Data from 722 creatinine clearance determinations in 627 patients older than 12 years were analyzed. Weight variables were actual body weight (ABW), lean body weight (LBW), ideal body weight (IBW), and lean body mass (LBM). Weight-independent and weight dependent clearance prediction methods were evaluated. Actual creatinine clearance values were compared with these predictions. Use of LBW and IBW produced equivalent estimates of creatinine clearance that were closer to measured values than those obtained with ABW. The use of LBW or IBW was not appropriate in patients less than 60 inches tall nor in morbidly obese patients. Weight-dependent clearance estimation was superior to weight-independent predictions in morbidly obese patients. A new LBM-based clearance estimation formula was derived; it may be useful for patients less than 60 inches tall. The use of LBM, particularly in patients less than 60 inches tall, should be investigated further. PMID- 6660233 TI - Preparing the operating budget. AB - The process of preparing a hospital pharmacy budget is presented. The desired characteristics of a budget and the process by which it is developed and approved are described. Fixed, flexible, and zero-based budget types are explained, as are the major components of a well-developed budget: expense, workload, productivity, revenue, and capital equipment and other expenditures. Specific methods for projecting expenses and revenues, based on historical data, are presented along with a discussion of variables that must be considered in order to achieve an accurate and useful budget. The current shift in emphasis away from revenue capture toward critical analysis of pharmacy costs underscores the importance of budgetary analysis for hospital pharmacy managers. PMID- 6660234 TI - Liability issues relating to contract pharmaceutical services. AB - Liability issues of hospitals with contract-managed pharmaceutical services are discussed. The number of hospitals with pharmaceutical services operated by outside organizations is rapidly increasing. Because pharmacy personnel are employed by the contractor rather than the hospital, a hospital's liability for the actions of these employees is related to the specific agreement between the hospital and the contractor. Application of the doctrine of respondeat superior to these contractual arrangements and specific factors determining the degree of control that the hospital has over contracted employees are discussed. Hospitals contemplating the use of contract-managed pharmaceutical services should determine the exact nature of their liability for the actions of contracted employees. PMID- 6660235 TI - Patient drug profiles and medical records as sources of hospital drug-use information. PMID- 6660236 TI - Current trends in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6660237 TI - Articular patterns in the early course of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Articular patterns of rheumatoid arthritis were determined based upon the numbers of joints found to be tender or swollen in 50 younger adult patients with early diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis examined semi-annually over a mean interval of 5.7 years. Numbers of joints involved were analyzed according to (1) cross-sectional frequency distributions, (2) cumulative probability plots of each patient's linear regression slope during follow-up, and (3) clinically intuitive definitions of course patterns. These approaches converged on three articular patterns, that is, monocyclic, polycyclic, and progressive. Monocyclic course was observed more frequently in men, in patients without rheumatoid factor, and in those with the fewest numbers of joints involved at entry. Polycyclic course was the most common and characterized by a level regression slope of involved joints during follow-up, although fluctuating over time. This course could be subdivided into the intermittent (having at least one remission of joint involvement for at least six months) and the continuing patterns. Progressive course was least common and found in patients with the greatest numbers of joints involved at entry. These data indicate that articular patterns in rheumatoid arthritis are usually established within the early course of disease. Further study of the early course of rheumatoid arthritis should be pursued for proper understanding of its host determinants, prognostic factors, and optimal patient management. PMID- 6660238 TI - Social, economic, psychologic, and sexual outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis takes an economic toll in a variety of ways--the actual costs of treatment for the individual patient and society are only a fraction thereof. Other costs derive from the legal definition of disability, from a lack of employment opportunities, from premature retirement from work, and from the social and familial consequences of these events. Depression is a major feature of chronic disease and colors both behavior by the patient and the doctor-patient relationship. Self-image suffers in this potentially deforming disease, with consequences in sexual and social behavior. Ignorance and a confusion between disability and handicap lead to more disablement than do the physical changes of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6660239 TI - Methods of assessing radiographic change in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The first attempt at standardization in the evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis was reported by Steinbrocker in 1949. Subsequently, Kellgren in the late 1950s, Sharp in 1971, and Larsen in 1973 reported detailed techniques for semiquantitative evaluation of radiographic changes and indicated that joint films may be the most accurate and reproducible basis for assessing the severity and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. High-resolution magnification radiography, achieved by optical magnification of fine-grain film or direct radiographic magnification, has proved particularly valuable for the reliable and sensitive evaluation of articular abnormalities in arthritis. Studies have supported the clinical usefulness of these techniques in assessing early rheumatoid arthritis. A semiquantitative radiographic approach recently used in a multicenter clinical trial is illustrated herein. Results indicate a high interobserver correlation for grades of erosion and joint-space narrowing. The sensitivity with which observers graded the findings, however, varied among observers despite the use of reference standards. There was poor correlation among observers for assessing changes in grade with time so that evaluation of clinical response was limited. Observations from this analysis provide the basis for improved methods in the design of clinical therapeutic trials. PMID- 6660240 TI - Penicillamine: an anti-rheumatoid drug. AB - Penicillamine is now established as a useful disease remittive drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Improvement during a successful course of treatment may be found in a decrease in the degree of synovitis, which is associated with a reduction in the level of rheumatoid factor and immune complexes in serum and synovial fluid. Vasculitic lesions also resolve. There is roentgenographic evidence of healing of the erosive lesions after two to three years of treatment. The multiplicity of adverse effects caused by the drug limits its usefulness, although with increasing experience more patients are being treated successfully. The induction of autoimmune side effects in a small number of patients treated with penicillamine has elicited particular interest since this may represent a clue to its mechanism of action on the immune system. The over-all approach to the use of the drug, including currently accepted methods of dosing and safety monitoring, is reviewed. PMID- 6660241 TI - Methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: 15 years experience. AB - An increasing amount of clinical data indicates that low-dose methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis is both effective and free of serious side effects. Since 1967 we treated 78 patients with definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis who showed inadequate response to conventional therapy. Up to 15 mg of methotrexate was given weekly by the intramuscular route. Morning stiffness, severity of pain at rest and with activity, extent of active synovitis, functional capacity, change in steroid dosage, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase were monitored. Overall assessment indicated that 45 of the 78 (58 percent) patients showed marked improvement or complete remission, usually within four weeks. When maximum improvement was obtained, most patients were switched to oral therapy with a variable degree of success, and dosage was decreased as tolerated. No serious toxicity was noted. In 34 patients a total of 67 liver biopsy specimens were obtained, some after as long as 15 years of therapy. Minor changes observed are the same as in patients with rheumatoid arthritis not treated with methotrexate. Because the risks did not appear justified, routine annual biopsies were discontinued. In contrast to other cytotoxic drugs, no carcinogenesis has been demonstrated with methotrexate. It appears that methotrexate is approximately as effective as intramuscular gold and D-penicillamine but that it has a quicker onset of response and less serious toxicity. PMID- 6660242 TI - Azathioprine and cyclophosphamide as slow-acting drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Therapy with azathioprine and cyclophosphamide is described as reducing disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. The well recognized untoward effects are tractable save for the definite augmentation of carcinogenesis, a measurable risk that is regarded as acceptable in treating rheumatoid arthritis with azathioprine and rheumatoid arteritis with cyclophosphamide. PMID- 6660243 TI - Practices, strategies, and motivations in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - National Analysts conducted primary research with rheumatologists--specifically, two panel discussions, 25 in-depth telephone interviews, and a mail survey of conference (Auranofin Symposium and Workshop) participants--to examine current treatment practices and to probe the rationale and motivations underlying treatment strategies in rheumatoid arthritis. The research identified important areas of consensus in drug perceptions, therapeutic approaches, and disagreements. Physicians differ regarding the minimum time they wait after diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis before initiating remittive therapy, some beginning immediately and others waiting six months or longer. Younger physicians are quicker to initiate remittive treatment than their older colleagues, but both younger and older practitioners are initiating remittive therapy earlier than in the past. Some noteworthy differences between hospital-based and office-based practitioners were discerned with respect to factors that figure in their decisions to initiate remittive therapy. Differences were also found among physicians in the way they pose drug options to their patients; "authoritarian," "libertarian," and "guided democracy" were names given to the three styles identified. In general, however, physicians report that patients are more directly involved in treatment selection than previously, a trend that may in part be due to the use of more aggressive treatment strategies than in the past and a desire to share the psychologic burden of those decisions. Findings suggest that gold compounds will continue to be a mainstay first-line disease-modifying agent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis but that there may be less reluctance to use other agents as physicians become increasingly familiar and comfortable with alternative options, especially penicillamine and immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 6660244 TI - Dominance and homozygosity in man. PMID- 6660245 TI - Homozygous achondroplasia with survival beyond infancy. AB - Homozygous achondroplasia has been thought to be uniformly lethal in the neonatal period. We describe three children, born to achondroplastic parents, who were homozygous for this disorder but who survived beyond early infancy. Two died suddenly at 37 and 33 mo; the third survives at 29 wk. At least in some instances aggressive treatment may allow others with this condition to survive with a reasonable quality of life. PMID- 6660246 TI - A previously undescribed autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome with growth failure, lip/palate cleft(s), and urogenital anomalies. AB - In four children from the same family, we have observed an association of mental retardation, dwarfism, hypertelorism, facial clefting and urogenital abnormalities. Clinical and laboratory data suggest that it is a previously undescribed genetic syndrome, ie, a pleiotropic autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 6660247 TI - Paradoxical fixation of deleterious alleles in two-locus systems with epistasis. AB - The dynamics of four deterministic models of interaction between two Mendelian loci are explored numerically. At one locus there are two hypostatic alleles: h, the wild type and H, a deleterious mutant that in either heterozygous or homozygous state (depending on the specifics of the model) produces an abnormal phenotype. At another arbitrarily linked epistatic locus there are two alleles: e, the wild type with no effect on the expression of the H locus, and E, an epistatic mutant that in heterozygous or homozygous state (again, depending on the specifics of the model) blocks the expression of H. The parameters are the initial gamete frequencies, the recombination fraction, the genotypic viabilities, and the forward and back mutation rates at each locus. The He haplotype is eventually eliminated (unless back mutation occurs) from the population. If mutation is ignored, the evolutionary outcome is determined by the initial gamete frequencies and is either (1) an edge equilibrium comprising one pair of haplotypes only (he and He, or he and hE, or hE and HE, or He and HE, or, if there is no recombination, he and HE or hE and He); or (2) a corner equilibrium consisting of a single gametic type. Given that the forward mutation rates at both loci are greater than the back mutation rates, then the outcome is always the corner equilibrium in which HE is universal (apart from transient perturbations by mutation). In the process of fixation, the phenotypic impact of the deleterious allele H becomes neutralized by the epistatic allele E. The rate at which the initially harmful gene replaces the wild type gene depends on the recombination fraction, the genotypic viabilities, and the mutation rates. PMID- 6660249 TI - Ring chromosome 6: variability in phenotypic expression. AB - We present four children with a ring chromosome 6. Clinically, these cases are quite variable. A review of ten previously reported cases also suggests difficulty of phenotype-karyotype correlation in patients with a ring 6. PMID- 6660248 TI - Reproductive risks for translocation carriers: cytogenetic study and analysis of pregnancy outcome in 58 families. AB - Here we report on studies of the reproductive risks for heterozygous carriers of chromosome translocations. Pregnancy outcome, breakpoints, mode of segregation of the translocated chromosomes, and resulting chromosome imbalance were analyzed in 58 families (46 with reciprocal and 12 with Robertsonian translocations) ascertained for birth of a malformed child, recurrent spontaneous abortion, or hypogonadism. These families include a total of 122 informative sibships. The analysis of the data, after correction for ascertainment bias, showed that the incidence of spontaneous abortion is nearly 50% in reciprocal and between 20 and 25% in Robertsonian translocation families ascertained for malformed child or recurrent abortion. The risk of malformed infants with unbalanced genome is approximately 6% among the liveborn offspring of reciprocal translocation carriers and 23% among the liveborn offspring of carrier mothers of t(14q21q). The distribution of the breakpoints on the chromosomes involved in reciprocal translocations ascertained through a malformed child is nonrandom, with an excess on chromosomes 5, 9, 13, and 15. The study of chromosome imbalance, expressed as gain or loss of a portion of genetic information relative to the total haploid autosome length (percent HAL), shows that among the common types of disjunction segregation leading to unbalanced gametes, adjacent 1 seems to be the one producing on the average the least level of genome imbalance. This explains why it is the most frequently observed type of segregation giving rise to gametes from which subjects with a chromosome imbalance compatible with life can be generated. PMID- 6660250 TI - Subsequent reproductive outcome in couples with repeated pregnancy loss. AB - While the role of cytogenetic study in couples with repeated pregnancy loss is well-established, little information is available for counseling these couples concerning future reproductive outcome. Couples evaluated by chromosome analysis for recurrent abortion between 1972 and 1979 were contacted by phone in 1981. Of those studied cytogenetically, 195 couples (50.1%) could be located, and information concerning outcome of subsequent pregnancies were obtained. Couples (91) with two consecutive pregnancy losses at the time of initial investigation had a 31.3% subsequent abortion rate, but most (68%) had at least one liveborn child. The rate of infertility following evaluation was slightly increased (18.7%), but that of prematurity (11.2%) and congenital anomalies (2.5%) was not. In contrast, couples with greater than or equal to 3 consecutive losses (84) experienced abortion in 45.7% of subsequent pregnancies, and only 54.8% of them eventually had a liveborn child. Again, the rate of infertility was increased (26.2%), but that of prematurity (10%) and congenital defects (3.2%) was not. Nine couples in which one individual was found to have a chromosome abnormality (two inversions and seven translocations) were considered separately. Of these, seven couples had nine liveborn offspring. Amniocentesis was performed in eight cases, with karyotypes showing a balanced translocation identical to that of the parent in 2. All children were phenotypically normal. PMID- 6660251 TI - Multiple skeletal familial abnormalities associated with balanced reciprocal translocation 2;8(q32;p13). AB - A father and three of his offspring had skeletal abnormalities consisting of a short forearm, cubitus valgus, fusion of first and second cervical vertebrae, and cleft of L5 and S1. All four had a reciprocal, apparently balanced, translocation 2;8(q32;p13). Normal sibs had normal chromosomes. We conclude that this may be a rare instance of an autosomal dominant condition associated with a balanced chromosome translocation. PMID- 6660252 TI - Benign familial neonatal-infantile seizures. AB - We report on an autosomal dominant neonatal-infantile seizure disorder and offer criteria for establishing the diagnosis and guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of this disorder. Long-term anticonvulsant treatment usually is not required. The subsequent risk of a recurrent seizure disorder depends on whether other affected relatives developed a seizure disorder later in life. This disorder may have at least two different neonatally indistinguishable forms: one having an increased empiric risk (20%) of subsequent epilepsy, and a second which carries no increased risk. These familial neonatal-infantile seizures are termed "benign" since they are not associated with subsequent psychomotor retardation. PMID- 6660253 TI - Variable expressivity of the acheiropodia gene. PMID- 6660254 TI - An approach to prenatal diagnosis of paternity. PMID- 6660255 TI - Neu-Laxova syndrome: two further case reports and comments on proposed subclassification. PMID- 6660256 TI - Corneal ulcers in patients with cosmetic extended-wear contact lenses. AB - Although cosmetic extended-wear contact lenses are generally safe, they can be associated with a number of complications. A review of 124 cases of corneal ulcers treated between Jan. 1, 1982, and June 1, 1983, disclosed six cases in otherwise healthy patients (four women and two men, ranging in age from 15 to 41 years) who wore extended-wear contact lenses for correction of myopia. In five of the six, the contact lenses had undergone recent manipulation. Two patients had changed their contact lenses without proper disinfection procedures. Five of the six had been treated with antibiotics before corneal scrapings were cultured and three had been treated with corticosteroids. The cultures grew gram-negative rods (in three cases Pseudomonas organisms and in one case Serratia organisms); both patients whose cultures grew no organisms had received antibiotics. Vigorous treatment with tobramycin and cefazolin eyedrops and cycloplegics produced final corrected visual acuities of 20/20, 20/30, 20/60, 20/20, and 20/50. In the sixth case, the final uncorrected visual acuity was counting fingers at 1 foot. PMID- 6660257 TI - Excimer laser surgery of the cornea. AB - The excimer laser, which produces light in the far-ultraviolet portion of the spectrum, allows precise removal of corneal tissue through a photochemical laser tissue interaction. This interaction is not thermal and does not involve optical breakdown; rather, it directly breaks organic molecular bonds without tissue heating. We used this process of ablative photodecomposition to remove corneal tissue in a series freshly enucleated cow eyes. Applying the far-ultraviolet light in short intense pulses permitted us to control the depth of the incision with great precision. We found that 1 joule/cm2 ablates corneal tissue to a depth of 1 micron. Adjacent tissue suffered no thermal damage and the stromal lamellae adjacent to the incision showed no evidence of disorganization. PMID- 6660258 TI - Neodymium-YAG laser for posterior capsulotomy. AB - We used the neodymium-YAG laser to perform discission of the posterior capsule in 49 eyes of 47 patients who had undergone previous extracapsular cataract extraction. The visual results were encouraging, with an improvement in visual acuity of one or more Snellen lines in 45 eyes and an improvement of three or more Snellen lines in 33 eyes. The complications included increases in intraocular pressure in 28 eyes. Intraocular pressures between 21 and 40 mm Hg were detected in 21 eyes and exceeded 41 mm Hg in another seven. In 14 of the 16 eyes in which intraocular pressure increased to more than 30 mm Hg, the maximum intraocular pressure was detectable within three hours after treatment. Other complications included damage to the intraocular lens in 12 of 30 eyes with implants and rupture of the anterior hyaloid face with forward displacement of vitreous into the anterior chamber in six of 19 eyes without implants. One of these eyes later developed a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. A transient laser induced hemorrhage occurred in one eye. PMID- 6660259 TI - Argon laser trabeculoplasty in pigmentary dispersion syndrome with glaucoma. AB - Thirteen eyes in ten patients with pigmentary dispersion syndrome and glaucoma underwent argon laser trabeculoplasty. All eyes responded well initially with an average decrease in intraocular pressure of 10.6 mm Hg. The intraocular pressure in five of these eyes increased to levels higher than those before treatment after an average of nine months. This loss of control occurred in patients who were older (average age, 59 years vs 31 years) and who had had glaucoma for a longer period (10.2 years vs 2.5 years). There was no evidence of further pigment dispersion to explain failure. Trabecular sclerosis may have prevented the maintenance of an adequate trabecular "tightening effect" of argon laser trabeculoplasty. Because of its greater absorption in the deeply pigmented trabecular meshwork, the laser may actually cause further trabecular damage. PMID- 6660260 TI - The effect of timolol on the concentrations of albumin and IgG in the aqueous humor of the human eye. AB - We investigated albumin and IgG concentrations in the aqueous humor of 41 patients before intracapsular cataract extraction (primary samples) and at the end of surgery (secondary samples). Albumin and IgG concentrations were determined in all samples by means of a quantitative fluoroimmunoassay. A short term topical application of timolol in 24 eyes was associated with a significant increase in both proteins in the primary aqueous humor samples compared with 17 control samples (P less than .005). The ratios of albumin to IgG--even when corrected for serum levels--were not significantly different in the two groups. Timolol did not affect the change in these ratios in the secondary aqueous humor samples. Thus, we concluded that these findings were not caused by a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier, but rather resulted from reduced aqueous humor flow and undisturbed protein filtration. PMID- 6660261 TI - Relationship of patient age and tolerance to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. AB - A retrospective review of the records of 222 patients indicated a significantly higher incidence of long-term tolerance to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors among patients 40 years of age or less than in older patients. This finding indicated that since argon laser trabeculoplasty and conventional glaucoma surgery have low rates of success in young individuals, it seems prudent to consider carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as part of long-term maximum medical therapy particularly in younger individuals unless specific contraindications exist. PMID- 6660262 TI - Distribution of pattern-evoked potentials in the facial area. AB - We studied the spatial distribution of the pattern-evoked potentials on the face with a simultaneous 16-channel recording system. The results showed that the responses had their first positive component at the peak latency of 52.0 +/- 1.9 (S.E.) msec. The maximum potential value within the equipotential maps was in the region around the stimulated eye in eight normal subjects. One patient with one enucleated eye showed the maximum value within the map only around the fellow eye; much later, at a peak latency of approximately 100 msec, we obtained a response with a maximum on the scalp around the inion. In another patient with long-standing optic nerve disease, the pattern-evoked potentials were absent but the flash-evoked potentials were normal, showing the maximum value in the region near the stimulated eye. PMID- 6660264 TI - The coronal brow lift. AB - We use a coronal brow lift to correct brow ptosis and associated forehead wrinkling. This technique eliminates the disadvantages of the traditional direct brow elevation, including scarring above the brow and failure to correct forehead and glabellar ptosis and wrinkling. The entire upper face is elevated as a unit, preserving the natural anatomy as much as possible. The scars are covered by hair. Eyebrow elevation and the final cosmetic results were satisfactory in all 22 cases in which we used this technique. There were no serious complications. PMID- 6660263 TI - Calibration of the Dicon Auto Perimeter 2000 compared with that of the Goldmann perimeter. AB - We empirically evaluated the calibration of the Dicon Auto Perimeter 2000 by comparing the results of threshold static perimetry with those for the same group of normal subjects examined by conventional manual static perimetry with the Goldmann perimeter. At 10 to 20 degrees of eccentricity in the visual field (including the entire Bjerrum region), there was no significant difference between threshold levels expressed as Goldmann equivalent stimuli by the Dicon instrument and the results obtained by examination with the Goldmann perimeter. The slopes of the linear meridional profiles from the two instruments were significantly different, however. The slope of the profile measured with the Dicon perimeter was flatter than that produced by Goldmann perimetry, so that threshold values inside 10 degrees of eccentricity were higher, whereas threshold values outside of 20 degrees of eccentricity were lower. Though statistically significant, these differences were small (2 dB at most). The difference in slopes can be attributed to a difference in stimulus sizes, because the area of the Dicon stimulus is eight times that of the size I Goldmann test object and twice that of the size II test object. PMID- 6660265 TI - An electron microscopic study of calcification of retinoblastoma. AB - We examined three eyes with retinoblastoma that had clinical evidence of calcification. The light and electron microscopic study of the retinoblastoma cells from these eyes disclosed an intramitochondrial calcium deposition after plasmalemma disruption. Morphologically, calcium deposits initially occur as needle-like structures gathered within the mitochondrial membrane. With progressive necrotic liquefaction of tumor cells, microbodies develop a central calcified cone surrounded by an electron-translucent zone with coarse needle-like calcium deposition on the surface. PMID- 6660266 TI - Results of 110 vitrectomies with a portable vitrectomy system. AB - We retrospectively evaluated the VITAC (vitreous-tissue aspiration cutter), a portable vitrectomy system with an end-cutting vitrectomy probe with a self sharpening oscillating blade and a monoblock design, in 110 vitrectomy procedures, 34 performed at the University of California Davis Medical Center and 76 performed at the Eye and ENT Hospital in Shanghai, China. The indications for vitrectomy included penetrating injuries (22 eyes), intraocular foreign bodies (28 eyes), vitreous hemorrhages (18 eyes), cataracts (17 eyes), endophthalmitis (seven eyes), pupillary-block glaucoma (five eyes), bullous keratopathy (five eyes), aphakic penetrating keratoplasty (three eyes), pupillary membranes (two eyes), massive preretinal proliferation (one eye), and cystoid macular edema (one eye). Vitrectomy resulted in visual improvement in 19 of 34 eyes in the California series (56%) and in 60 of the 76 eyes in the Shanghai series (79%). This difference was attributable to the higher percentages of cases involving the posterior segment and vitreous hemorrhage in the California series. When results from both institutions were combined, surgery with the VITAC produced visual improvement in 79 of 110 cases (72%), comparable to the results obtained with other vitrectomy systems. PMID- 6660267 TI - Risk of retinal tears in patients with vitreous floaters. AB - A total of 589 patients (369 women and 220 men, 123 of whom were less than 40 years old and 52 of whom were more than 70 years old) with photopsia, vitreous floaters, or both participated in a prospective study designed to identify patients at particularly high risk for retinal tears. The patients were graded on a number of factors before undergoing peripheral retinal examinations. Computer analysis showed that the following factors had the strongest associations (P less than .001) with retinal tears: visual symptoms of diffuse dots (62 of 120 patients, or 51.7%), many vitreous cells (graded 2+ or worse) (61 of 94 patients, or 64.9%), and grossly visible vitreous or preretinal blood (51 of 56 patients, or 91.1%). Of the 176 eyes that had at least one of these three conditions, 93 (52.8%) had retinal tears compared to 16 of the remaining 413 eyes (3.9%). Although other factors correlated with retinal tears to some degree, the associations were not strong enough to help select the high-risk group. PMID- 6660268 TI - Herpes simplex chorioretinitis in a healthy adult. AB - A previously healthy 20-year-old man developed bilateral chorioretinitis that included mild anterior uveitis, vitreous cells, multifocal chorioretinitis, and optic nerve swelling that progressed to severe optic neuropathy in one eye. Chorioretinal biopsy specimens cultured herpes simplex type 1 from separate chorioretinal and vitreous samples. Although the visual acuity of one eye remained at light perception, sight in the second eye was saved when treatment with systemic acyclovir and corticosteroids led to resolution of the inflammation. A recurrence was successfully treated with acyclovir alone and the patient shows no evidence of active disease. PMID- 6660269 TI - Aspirin and recurrent hyphema after blunt ocular trauma. AB - Recurrent hyphema after traumatic blunt injury to the eye is associated with a more serious prognosis than that occurring from the initial trauma, resulting in a higher risk of glaucoma, corneal staining, surgical intervention, poor visual acuity, and enucleation. Risk factors associated with the development of recurrent bleeding are not well defined, but recent evidence suggests a high association with concurrent aspirin ingestion. Of 25 consecutive patients with hyphemas (20 males and five females, ranging in age from 2 to 53 years), 12 took aspirin after the initial trauma and seven had recurrent hyphemas. Platelet aggregation determinations in these seven patients showed defects associated with aspirin. Only one of 13 patients without aspirin intake had recurrent bleeding. PMID- 6660270 TI - Ectropion of the eyelid punctum. PMID- 6660271 TI - Leber's congenital amaurosis in a patient with normal amino acid metabolism and fundus features characteristic of gyrate atrophy. PMID- 6660272 TI - Anomalous macular vessel and associated acquired paracentral scotoma. PMID- 6660273 TI - Histopathology of ocular changes in chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 6660274 TI - Self-inflicted proptosis misdiagnosed as orbital malignancy. PMID- 6660275 TI - The effect of a calcium-channel blocking agent on intraocular pressure. PMID- 6660276 TI - The familial occurrence of cutaneous melanoma, intraocular melanoma, and the dysplastic nevus syndrome. PMID- 6660277 TI - Fusion lock diameter and the forced vergence fixation disparity curve. AB - The effect of the diameter of the fusion lock on the forced vergence fixation disparity (FD) curve was investigated because of ambiguity in the results of previous investigations. Data gathered from 20 asymptomatic subjects with normal binocularity showed that the fusion lock diameter had no noticeable effect on the shape of the curve. Further investigations using symptomatic subjects showing large FDs or steep forced vergence FD curves showed that fusion lock diameter did have an effect on the curves of these subjects. The results are interpreted for their clinical implications through a control systems model of the accommodation vergence interaction. PMID- 6660278 TI - Distortion by ophthalmic lenses calculated at the farpoint sphere. AB - Distortion by ophthalmic lenses has generally been calculated with respect to an ideal flat image surface. This results in improper distortion values as the ideal image surface for the mobile eye is the farpoint sphere. Results of distortion calculations for lenses ranging from +20 to -24.65 D are given for point focal lenses (corrected for oblique astigmatism), Percival lenses (designed to place the circle of least confusion on the farpoint sphere), minimum astigmatism and minimum distortion lens forms. Distortion of point focal Ostwalt lenses of powers +6.60 to -24.65 D range from 4.45 to -28.31% when computed at the flat image surface. Referred to the farpoint sphere the corresponding distortion values are +0.85 to -13.54%. Similarly, the distortion of the minimum astigmatic forms of lenses ranging in power from +20 to +7 D are +27.31 to 4.64% at the flat image surface but decreased to +16.38 to 0.84%, respectively, at the farpoint sphere. If the rotations of the unaided ametropic eye that are required to fixate two points in the field are compared with the necessary rotations with a spectacle correction (+20 to -24 D), it is found that the corrected eye rotation errors at the flat image surface range from 14.87 to -4.53%, but drop to +0.87 to -1.88% when referred to the farpoint sphere. It is concluded that distortion at the farpoint sphere is a more valid measure of distortion for the mobile eye than the classical measurement of distortion. This has implications for the study of space perception through lenses. PMID- 6660280 TI - Chromatic adaptation and the blue-green side of the color triangle. AB - This is an attempt to show with chromatic adaptation data that the line tangent to the spectrum locus at about 460 nm and passing through the tritanopic confusion point represents the blue-green leg of the triangle of fundamental colors. The inability to use chromatic adaptation to produce colors in the green corner of the triangle has been explained in terms of a zone theory of color vision. PMID- 6660279 TI - Apparent respiration rate of the human corneal epithelium with tetracaine HCl and benoxinate HCl. AB - Local anesthetics may have a cytotoxic effect which causes a depression in the apparent epithelial oxygen uptake rate (AEOR) of the cornea. We measured the AEOR of human corneas in vivo before and after applying 1% tetracaine (amethocaine) HCl and 0.4% benoxinate HCl. These drugs had no effect on AEOR. In human corneas that had been subjected to a period of hypoxia, AEOR was slightly higher after administration of benoxinate, a result in the opposite direction to that expected on the grounds of toxicity. The increase was not statistically significant. We conclude that clinical doses of tetracaine HCl and benoxinate HCl normally have a minimal cytotoxic effect, and that this is similarly true when benoxinate is applied to the cornea after contact lens wear. PMID- 6660281 TI - The Bezold-Brucke phenomena at the two ends of the spectrum. AB - Purdy's study did not cover the two ends of the spectrum. He stopped at 460 and 650 nm. This study extends the data down to 400 nm at the blue end and up to 680 nm at the red end. The data obtained tie in with a previous study of the purple colors involving mixtures of 460 and 667 nm. We now have a clear picture of what occurs at all parts of the color circle. PMID- 6660282 TI - Reduction of asthenopia in patients with convergence insufficiency after fusional vergence training. AB - Seven patients with convergence insufficiency and related asthenopia underwent automated fusional convergence training. A matched-subjects control group crossover design was used to reduce placebo effects. All patients showed significant increases in vergence ranges with concurrent marked reduction of symptoms after training. All patients showed a flattening of and an increase in the base-out portion of their fixation disparity curve. Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of fusional vergence training in reducing asthenopia in these patients. Subsequent accommodation and vergence training using traditional orthoptic procedures yielded further reduction of asthenopia, as well as an increase in the base-out fusional range. PMID- 6660283 TI - Magnification for a series of K spherical coaxial refracting surfaces. AB - This paper reviews the theory of magnification for a series of K spherical coaxial refracting surfaces. It considers the magnification contributed by each component surface of the series. PMID- 6660284 TI - Vortex vein varix. PMID- 6660285 TI - Presumed ocular histoplasmosis. PMID- 6660286 TI - Allometry and heterochrony in the African apes. AB - In this work allometry and heterochrony are integrated in an analysis of ontogenic and interspecific morphological patterns in the African apes. The relationship between the interspecific differences in adult morphology and the differences in underlying patterns of growth allometries, body weight growth rates, and developmental chronologies is investigated. Results indicate that rate hypermorphosis, or the extension of ancestral allometries into new size/shape ranges with no increase in the duration of ontogeny, underlies many of the interspecific differences in form among the African apes. In addition, the need for further clarification of the processes of heterochrony is stressed by distinguishing between rate and timing differences. These distinctions and processes are illustrated and discussed using the morphological data on the African apes. PMID- 6660288 TI - Changing occlusal variation in Pima Amerinds. AB - Occlusal variables and arch measurements have been recorded on 341 Pima Amerinds pertaining to two samples, one of older individuals raised on traditional diets, the other of younger individuals raised on refined commercial foods that are typical of modern urbanized people. Permanent dental occlusion is significantly more variable from defined ideals in the younger sample, despite their fewer deformities resulting from progressive aging. The youths had relatively narrower palates, correlating with a general trend among industrialized populations and also among experimental animals fed soft diets. Relative rate of deciduous tooth loss and replacement did not correlate with any occlusal variable. PMID- 6660287 TI - Age changes in dental arch dimensions of Australian Aboriginals. AB - Breadths and depths of the dental arches were measured from standardized photographs of serial casts of Australian Aboriginals enrolled in a longitudinal growth study. The data were obtained from 1161 sets of casts representing 111 boys and 86 girls ranging in age from 6 to 19 years. Age changes in the arch dimensions conformed to previously described patterns in Caucasian children, namely, an increase in breadth and a decrease in depth. Corresponding dimensions and dimensional changes in the maxilla and mandible were strongly correlated, but breadth and depth changes were relatively independent. The disparity in size between arches increased with age, particularly in the breadth dimension of boys. Marked disparity in arch breadths characterizes an occlusal feature of this population that has been termed alternate intercuspation. PMID- 6660289 TI - Seasonal variation in pre- and postpartum maternal body measurements and infant birth weights. AB - A sample of 225 rural Taiwanese women were followed longitudinally through two successive pregnancy and lactation periods. Maternal pre- and postpartum weight and skinfold thicknesses and infant birth weights showed considerable seasonal variation. The lowest mean maternal weights, irrespective of pregnancy or lactation status, occurred in the summer months of June, July, and August, when temperatures and rainfall reach their yearly maxima. The lowest mean birth weights were also recorded for the warm, rainy summer months. Furthermore, a disproportionate number of infants weighing less than one standard deviation below the mean birth weight were born between May and October. The observed seasonal variations most probably reflect annual cycles of agricultural activities and food availability. PMID- 6660290 TI - Suppression of norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue by fasting. AB - Fasting-induced changes in thermogenic responses to norepinephrine (NE, 4.0 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 iv) were studied in anesthetized rats previously cold acclimated. The rats were divided into five groups at the end of 30-40 days of cold acclimation (5 degrees C). The five groups were kept for 5 days at 25 degrees C and fed (intact fed), fasted (intact fasted), fasted with daily treatment with thyroxine (T4, 2 micrograms/kg sc), thyroidectomized and fed, or thyroidectomized and fasted. In the intact fasted group, in which the weight of brown adipose tissue decreased, NE-induced increases in oxygen consumption, colonic temperature (T col), and temperature of the interscapular brown adipose tissue (TBAT) were markedly suppressed. The two thyroidectomized groups also showed a reduction in thermogenic response. In these three groups, TBAT was lower than Tcol throughout NE infusion. In the T4-treated fasted group, fasting-induced suppression of thermogenic response to NE was largely prevented. In the intact fed and the T4-treated fasted groups, TBAT attained higher values than Tcol during NE infusion. Plasma levels of thyroid hormones were significantly lower in the intact fasted group than in the intact fed or the T4-treated fasted group. These results suggest that fasting-induced suppression of the thermogenic response to NE is largely due to the reduced thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue to NE. The lowering of the levels of the thyroid hormones induced by fasting may be one of a number of causes of the reduction in the thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue. PMID- 6660291 TI - Splanchnic clearance of plasma vasopressin in the dog: evidence for prehepatic extraction. AB - It is generally considered that the liver is primarily responsible for the extraction of vasopressin from the circulating blood by the splanchnic viscera. To investigate this matter further, measurements were made in the anesthetized dog of the concentrations of vasopressin in arterial, portal venous, and hepatic venous plasma, and of total splanchnic plasma flow and hepatic arterial plasma flow. The total splanchnic vasopressin extraction ratio was 12.9 +/- 1.0%. However, the concentration of vasopressin in portal venous plasma was consistently lower than in arterial plasma, and there was a substantial prehepatic extraction of vasopressin, averaging 10.5 +/- 0.8%. A quantitative evaluation of the contribution of the "prehepatic" viscera, i.e., viscera with venous drainage into the portal vein, is provided by the relevant clearances of vasopressin. The prehepatic and total splanchnic vasopressin clearances were 1.58 +/- 0.20 and 3.04 +/- 0.31 ml X min-1 X kg-1, respectively. Thus, the splanchnic viscera other than the liver were responsible for approximately half of the splanchnic clearance of vasopressin; the remainder could be attributed to the liver. Immunoreactive vasopressin was not found in the bile. In splenectomized dogs, in which venous blood was collected from the superior mesenteric vein, the vasopressin extraction ratio was 14.6 +/- 2.3%, suggesting that the prehepatic clearance of vasopressin occurs largely in the mesenteric bed. A more specific localization of the prehepatic clearance sites has not as yet been made. PMID- 6660292 TI - Cellular response to acute respiratory acidosis in rat medullary collecting duct. AB - The collecting duct of the mammalian kidney is involved in urine acidification. Recent studies in the turtle bladder suggest that hydrogen ion secretion in response to elevated CO2 is regulated by insertion of hydrogen pumps into the luminal membrane of the mitochondria-rich cells. Because intercalated cells of the collecting duct are structurally similar to mitochondria-rich cells of the amphibian bladder, we studied the rat outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) during respiratory acidosis to determine whether changes compatible with hydrogen ion secretion occur in the intercalated cells. Rats were studied during normal acid-base conditions and after 4-5 h of respiratory acidosis. After collection of physiologic data, the kidneys were fixed by in vivo perfusion and processed for electron microscopy. No changes were observed in the principal cells of the OMCD. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in the surface density of the apical plasma membrane and a decrease in the number of tubulovesicular profiles in the apical region of the intercalated cells throughout the OMCD with respiratory acidosis. There were no changes in surface density of the basolateral membrane. These findings suggest that in response to respiratory acidosis there is transport of membrane from the tubulovesicular membrane compartment to the apical plasma membrane of the intercalated cells. PMID- 6660293 TI - Pi transport, phosphorylation, and dephosphorylation in renal membranes from HYP/Y mice. AB - To ascertain whether cAMP-dependent phosphorylation could be demonstrated in brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) isolated from kidneys of mice with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (HYP/Y) and normal littermates (+/Y) and, if so, to determine whether the absence of dephosphorylation might underlie differences in Na+-dependent 32Pi transport in BBMV, we measured 1) 32Pi transport, 2) cAMP dependent phosphorylation, and 3) dephosphorylation in BBMV from +/Y and HYP/Y mice. Na+ gradient-dependent 32Pi transport was decreased in BBMV from HYP/Y mice as reflected in a decreased apparent Vmax. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of a 62,000 Mr protein was demonstrated in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels of BBMV from +/Y and HYP/Y mice and was associated with decreased Na+-dependent 32Pi transport. Dephosphorylation of the 62,000 Mr band was demonstrable in both types of membranes. Thus, both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatase activities were demonstrable in BBMV isolated from +/Y and HYP/Y mice. These results are consistent with the renal tubular defect in the HYP/Y mouse reflecting an intrinsic abnormality of Pi transport in the brush border membrane independent from mediation of the phosphaturic effect of parathyroid hormone. PMID- 6660295 TI - Flow-dependent water permeability of the rabbit descending limb of Henle's loop. AB - Because completely opposite results have been reported on the water permeability of the rabbit descending limbs of Henle's loop (DLH), we rigorously examined water permeability of the upper portion of the descending limb of the rabbit long looped nephron. Even when the double-cannulation method was used in an attempt to reduce the resistance of tubular outflow, the collected fluid-to-perfusate inulin ratio was equal to or very close to the bathing fluid-to-perfusate osmolality ratio, indicating that osmotic equilibration occurred along the tubule by absorption of water. When perfusion rates were controlled by varying the height of the fluid reservoir connected to the perfusion pipette, osmotic (Pf) as well as diffusional (Pdw) water permeability was shown to be correlated with perfusion rate and/or perfusion pressure. Pf and Pdw at zero perfusion rate as determined from the values of the intercept of regression lines were 253 X 10(-3) and 4.54 X 10(-3) cm X s-1, respectively. The maximal values for Pf and Pdw were 737-1,098 X 10(-3) and 18.3 X 10(-3) cm X s-1, respectively. By changing the resistance to perfusion at the tubular outflow, it was shown that changes in Pf paralleled changes in perfusion rate rather than changes in perfusion pressure. Under stop flow conditions the luminal fluid volume rapidly decreased after the osmolality of the bathing fluid was increased, suggesting that the segment is highly permeable to water even at zero flow rate. Reflection coefficients for urea and NaCl were 1.01 and 0.82, respectively. These data support the view that this segment is highly permeable to water and that increases in osmolality along the DLH in vivo may be accounted for mainly by abstraction of water rather than addition of solutes. PMID- 6660294 TI - Effects of verapamil in models of ischemic acute renal failure in the rat. AB - This study was designed to determine whether verapamil protects renal function in experimental ischemia in the rat and, if so, whether the protection is mediated by verapamil's vasodilatory action or by an effect on renal cells independent of vascular perfusion. Inulin clearance (CIn) was examined for 3 h subsequent to 40 min of unilateral intrarenal infusion of norepinephrine (0.75 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) and 3 and 48 h subsequent to 40 min of unilateral renal pedicle clamp. In norepinephrine-induced ischemia CIn fell to 0.8 +/- 0.4% of preischemic values in saline-treated kidneys and 0.5 +/- 0.3% in verapamil post-treated kidneys. By contrast, CIn fell only to 52.3 +/- 6.5% of preischemic values in verapamil pretreated kidneys. Verapamil pretreatment significantly counteracted the intrarenal vasoconstriction produced by norepinephrine, sustaining renal blood flow during the norepinephrine infusion. In pedicle clamp-induced ischemia verapamil pre- and posttreatment had no beneficial effect on preservation of glomerular filtration rate, whereas mannitol pretreatment was beneficial. Parallel studies in the isolated perfused rat kidney confirmed the in vivo observations. In conclusion, verapamil exerts no protective effect on renal function at 3 or 48 h when ischemia is induced by renal pedicle clamp. Likewise, verapamil administration subsequent to norepinephrine-induced ischemia is ineffective in preserving renal function. Verapamil pretreatment in norepinephrine-induced ischemia preserves renal function probably by attenuating the vasoconstrictive ischemic insult due to norepinephrine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6660296 TI - Furosemide-sensitive thallium fluxes in smooth muscle of rabbit uterus. AB - The furosemide-sensitive uptake of thallium represents approximately equal to 50% of the total uptake of thallium by rabbit uterus and requires Cl- and Na+. The furosemide-sensitive uptake of thallium is stimulated by other ions at low concentrations with the rank order Li+ greater than Tl+ greater than K+ = Rb+ greater than Cs+ and is inhibited by these ions at high concentrations with the rank order Tl+ greater than K+ = Rb+ greater than Cs+ greater than Li+, suggesting multiple cation binding sites on the carrier. Uptake of 36Cl- is inhibited by furosemide in the presence of ouabain. Thallium efflux and 36Cl efflux in the presence of ouabain is inhibited by furosemide. The chloride concentration regulates the proportion of thallium uptake that is ouabain sensitive and furosemide sensitive without altering the total uptake. It is suggested that the furosemide-sensitive uptake of thallium reflects a Na+-Cl- -K+ exchange system that could be classified as a cotransport or countertransport of any two of these ions and also could be the smooth muscle chloride pump. PMID- 6660297 TI - Regulation of antral gastrin content. AB - Five groups of rats were fasted for 3 days and injected with either NaCl or 5, 10, 20, or 40 micrograms/kg bombesin every 8 h. The animals were killed, and their serum and antral gastrin levels were compared with those of normally fed rats. Fasting reduced serum gastrin to 14% of control; antral gastrin was reduced to 21% of control. All doses of bombesin significantly increased serum gastrin in fasted rats, and 20 and 40 micrograms/kg significantly increased antral gastrin. A group of normally fed rats was also compared with one fed a liquid diet for 7 days. Half of each of these was injected with 20 micrograms/kg bombesin (3 times/day) and the other half with NaCl. Bombesin significantly increased serum and antral gastrin in the rats fed solid food. The liquid diet lowered serum and antral gastrin to 17 and 59% of control values, respectively. Bombesin injection totally prevented these decreases. These data indicate that food in the gastrointestinal tract is not required for either gastrin release or synthesis. Furthermore, the data suggest that gastrin synthesis is regulated primarily by gastrin release or by direct stimulation by bombesin rather than by specific food products. PMID- 6660298 TI - Effects of hematocrit on oxygenation of the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - The isolated perfused rat liver is used ubiquitously for metabolic and endocrine studies of hepatic function, yet few data are available regarding the inadequacy of the oxygenation of such preparations. Moreover, the isolated rat liver is usually deprived of its arterial supply and perfused via the hepatic portal vein with low-hematocrit or cell-free solutions. To investigate the efficacy of the oxygen supply, we determined the effect of hematocrit on the relation between oxygen consumption and perfusate flow. We then attempted to define a hematocrit at which hepatic oxygenation was maximal. Livers of male rats anesthesized with pentobarbital sodium were perfused via the portal vein with fresh canine red blood cells suspended in Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate buffer. Perfusions were carried out at various flow rates, and the relation between perfusate flow and oxygen uptake was determined. At flow rates above 100 ml X min-1 X 100 g liver-1, oxygen uptake was independent of flow but below that value was flow limited, regardless of whether the hematocrit was 10, 20, or 40%. To determine the optimal hematocrit for hepatic oxygen uptake, hepatic portal venous and hepatic venous pressures were held at 10 and 0 mmHg, respectively. The hematocrit was lowered in steps from 80 to 10%. Blood flow increased exponentially as hematocrit fell while oxygen uptake increased to a maximum at approximately 20%. It is concluded that an hematocrit of approximately 20% provides the optimal combination of blood flow and oxygen-carrying capacity while maintaining physiological perfusion pressures, e.g., 10 mmHg. PMID- 6660299 TI - Dantrolene and basal ileal sodium and chloride transport: involvement of calcium stores. AB - The effect of dantrolene on active ion transport in rabbit ileum was determined using the Ussing chamber short-circuiting technique. Dantrolene prevents the release of calcium from intracellular stores in skeletal muscle and was used to probe the role of intracellular calcium stores in intestinal ion transport. A saturated solution of dantrolene (approx 25 microM) decreased ileal short-circuit current and potential difference, increased conductance and mucosal-to-serosal and net Na and Cl fluxes, but did not alter serosal-to-mucosal Na and Cl fluxes. The dantrolene stimulation of active Na and Cl absorption was specific since it did not alter glucose-dependent Na absorption, transport changes caused by Ca2+ ionophore A23187, or the increase in short-circuit current caused by dibutyryl cAMP or theophylline. These effects were associated with an increase in total ileal calcium content and a decreased rate of 45Ca2+ efflux without any change in 45Ca2+ influx from the serosal or mucosal surfaces. These findings are consistent with an effect of dantrolene to stimulate active ileal Na and Cl absorption by a mechanism involving lowered cytosol Ca2+ levels and compatible with trapping calcium in intracellular stores. It thus appears as if intracellular calcium stores have an important role in the control of basal ion transport in the intestine. PMID- 6660300 TI - Systems analysis of intestinal hemodynamics and oxygenation. AB - A systems analysis of intrinsic regulation of intestinal blood flow and oxygenation is presented. The model is based on current concepts of metabolic control of tissue oxygen delivery and incorporates recent data from the literature regarding the influence of oxygen availability-to-demand ratio on intestinal vascular resistance and perfused capillary density. The model was used to evaluate the relative importance of resistance and exchange vessels in preventing cellular hypoxia during reductions in oxygen delivery or increments in oxygen demand. The model predicted that capillary recruitment is of greater quantitative significance than blood flow autoregulation in preventing cellular hypoxia when intestinal perfusion pressure is reduced. However, the combination of capillary recruitment and blood flow autoregulation provides a large margin of safety against tissue hypoxia in the intestine. Simulation results also predict that oxygen extraction plays a greater role than blood flow in providing additional oxygen to the hypermetabolic intestine irrespective of which control system (resistance or exchange vessel) is operating. PMID- 6660301 TI - Dihydroxy bile salt-induced alterations in NaCl transport across the rabbit colon. AB - The effects of increasing mucosal or serosal concentrations (1-4 mM) of taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC) on sodium chloride transport across the isolated, short-circuited rabbit colon were examined. Mucosal TCDC produced dose-related increases in tissue conductance (Gt) and the unidirectional fluxes of Na+ and Cl- and dose-related decreases in net NaCl absorption. At 4 mM mucosal TCDC, Gt was increased fivefold, net sodium flux (JNanet) was reduced 50%, and JClnet was abolished. Serosal TCDC also produced dose-dependent changes in permeability that were quantitatively different. Four millimolar serosal TCDC produced a 2.7-fold increase in Gt, abolished JNanet, and stimulated electrogenic Cl- secretion. TCDC induced Cl- secretion was stimulated by 10(-5) M serosal TCDC, inhibited by serosal furosemide or ouabain, did not alter theophylline-induced secretion (and vice versa), and occurred in the absence of serosal Ca2+. It is suggested that 1) TCDC inhibition of sodium absorption is indirect (i.e., not simply due to a reduction in the activity of the Na "pump," since Cl- secretion persists during conditions that abolish JNanet) and 2) TCDC induces Cl- secretion by enhancing the activity of basolateral membrane adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6660302 TI - Role of O2-hemoglobin affinity on cerebrovascular response to carbon monoxide hypoxia. AB - Our previous studies showed that, in contrast to hypoxic and anemic hypoxia, CO hypoxia increased cerebral O2 delivery and decreased cerebral fractional O2 extraction. These changes were correlated with the accompanying decrease in P50 (PO2 at 50% saturation of non-CO bound sites on hemoglobin). To assess directly the role of P50 in the cerebrovascular response to CO, we first performed isovolemic exchange transfusions on unanesthetized newborn lambs, replacing their high-O2-affinity hemoglobin with low-affinity adult sheep donor blood. Exchange transfusion resulted in an average increase in P50 of 10 Torr and in a uniform decrease of regional cerebral blood flow and cerebral O2 delivery of 14%. Thus shifts in P50 can produce cerebrovascular changes during normoxia, implying that the mechanism regulating cerebral blood flow does not have a discrete threshold to an hypoxic stimulus. Induction of CO hypoxia (20-40% carboxyhemoglobin) after the exchange transfusion returned P50 to the control level, and with it restored both cerebral O2 delivery and fractional O2 extraction to the pretransfusion values. We conclude that the fall in P50, rather than a direct tissue effect of CO, is responsible for the relative cerebral overperfusion during CO hypoxia. The importance of the position of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve as a determinant of cerebral blood flow supports the presence of a highly sensitive, tissue O2 dependent mechanism regulating the cerebral circulation. PMID- 6660303 TI - Microvascular blood flow: evidence indicating a cubic dependence on arteriolar diameter. AB - The primary objectives of this study were 1) to determine the functional relationship between microvascular blood flow (Q) and arteriolar internal diameter (D) and 2) to determine whether this relationship conformed to a theoretical optimality prediction--that blood flow is proportional to the cube of the diameter (Q = kD3). Paired blood velocity and arteriolar diameter measurements in the cremaster muscle microvasculature of eight normotensive (WKY) and eight hypertensive (SHR) rats were made under control conditions and following maximal dilation of the microvasculature with topically applied adenosine. A total of 160 paired flow-diameter measurements were made in arteriolar vessels with diameters ranging from 6 to 108 micron. Analysis of this data showed that Q and D were functionally linked by Q = kDm with k = 417 and m = 3.01 with D expressed in centimeters. Confidence intervals at the 99.9% level were 331-503 and 2.86-3.14 for k and m, respectively. A theoretical development based on the minimization of the energy cost of blood volume and arteriolar wall volume led to a theoretical estimate for the range of k to be 92-132 and a value for m to be 3. Predicted pressure gradients in single vessels of the cat mesentery and shear rates in the rat cremaster based on Q = kD3 compared well with measured data reported in the literature and that determined in the present study. On the basis of the direct and predictive evidence, it is concluded that the relationship Q = kD3 represents a general average property of the microvasculature. PMID- 6660304 TI - A model of dynamic vagus-sinoatrial node interactions. AB - Computer simulations of dynamic vagus-sinoatrial (SA) node interactions were performed using an empirical model. The phasic effects of single vagal trains on pacemaker cycle length obtained experimentally in isolated preparations were summarized in phase response curves (PRCs). These PRCs were used to stimulate the interactions of the sinoatrial pacemaker with single or with repetitive vagal input. For single stimuli, the triphasic inhibitory curve describing the time course of a brief vagal burst (G. Brown and J. Eccles. J. Physiol. London 82: 211 241, 1934; and J. Jalife and G. K. Moe. Circ. Res. 45: 595-607, 1979) was used to predict the PRC at any given spontaneous pacemaker cycle length. In simulations of repetitive vagal input the model predicted the entrainment of the pacemaker. The patterns of interaction were dependent on the shape and amplitude of the PRC as well as on the relationship between the spontaneous pacemaker period and the vagal cycle length. At certain vagal frequencies, stable entrainment of the pacemaker occurred, and the entrained pacemaker period held harmonic relations to the vagal input (i.e., 1:1, 2:1, and so on). At other frequencies, zones of instability were found in which arrhythmic patterns developed. These predictions of the model matched the experimental results very closely. Under some conditions, during simulations with fixed sinovagus coupling intervals, the model generated patterns of sinus activity similar to those occurring experimentally or in patients with apparent sinoatrial block. The model was also capable of generating patterns similar to those obtained in cases of isorhythmic atrioventricular dissociation. The study of these interactions may have important bearing on the understanding of the dynamic control of heart rate by the parasympathetic nervous system and may be used to explain certain cardiac dysrhythmias. PMID- 6660305 TI - Effect of distal coronary pressure on rigid and compliant coronary stenoses. AB - The effects of changes in distal coronary pressure on the hemodynamics of rigid and compliant coronary stenoses were studied in anesthetized open-chest dogs. In dogs with severe compliant circumflex stenoses produced with an external snare, pressure distal to the stenosis was lowered by closing a catheter connecting the carotid artery to the distal circumflex artery and was raised by reopening the catheter. Lowering mean distal circumflex pressure from 57 +/- 14 to 18 +/- 3 (SE) mmHg (P less than 0.01) increased stenotic resistance (2.1 +/- 0.7 to 14.1 +/- 7.8 units, P less than 0.01) and decreased circumflex flow (19 +/- 6 to 6 +/- 4 ml/min, P less than 0.01). Raising distal pressure (18 +/- 3 to 49 +/- 15 mmHg, P less than 0.05) decreased stenotic resistance (14.1 +/- 7.8 to 3.7 +/- 0.9 units, P less than 0.05) and increased circumflex flow (6 +/- 4 to 13 +/- 3 ml/min, P less than 0.05). In dogs with rigid stenoses produced with plastic tubing, a fall in distal pressure significantly increased flow without a change in stenotic resistance. Therefore, changes in resistance and flow through compliant coronary stenoses occur in response to changes in distal pressure. These hemodynamic changes are consistent with passive collapse and distension of the stenotic segment. PMID- 6660307 TI - Doppler measurement of myocardial thickening with a single epicardial transducer. AB - To eliminate the need for intramyocardial transducers in measuring regional left ventricular (LV) function we have developed a pulsed Doppler technique utilizing a single epicardial transducer. Wall thickening is evaluated by digitally integrating the velocity of myocardial layers passing through the sample volume located at a selected depth. Thickening fraction (TF) can then be estimated by dividing the systolic excursion by the sample volume depth. The Doppler method was compared with the transit-time method in three acute dogs by placing the 4-mm diameter epicardial Doppler transducer over a 2-mm-diameter endocardial crystal tunneled through the LV wall. With the sample volume set to 1 mm less than the minimum LV thickness, simultaneous measurements of TF by the Doppler and transit time methods showed good agreement (r = 0.95) during control, ischemia, volume overload, shock, and anoxia. In 28 chronically instrumented piglets signals were obtained for longer periods with Doppler transducers than with transit-time segment-length crystals. We conclude that the Doppler technique provides a high fidelity wall thickening waveform and a good estimate of TF with minimal disturbance to the ventricle and that the technique is suitable for use in both acute and chronically instrumented animals. PMID- 6660306 TI - Computer registration of radioactive indicator-dilution curves. AB - A system is described for recording indicator-dilution curves produced by gamma radiation-emitting tracers. The system consists of a flow-through cuvette in a well counter, appropriate commercially available gamma radiation-detecting equipment, an Apple II computer, and a two-channel pulse-counting interface of our own design. With the counting interface and the software described here, an investigator can simultaneously record two indicator-dilution curves produced by gamma emitters. Instead of having to wait hours or days for results, the investigator can watch the data being recorded and display the results in graphic form almost immediately after each injection. PMID- 6660308 TI - 5-Hydroxytryptamine can mediate endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries. AB - 5-Hydroxytryptamine caused contractions of isolated canine coronary artery rings. These contractions were larger in the absence of the endothelium, whereas those caused by phenylephrine, potassium chloride, and prostaglandin F2 alpha were not. When coronary arteries were contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha, 5 hydroxytryptamine caused relaxation in some rings with endothelium but only further contraction in all rings without endothelium. The inhibitory action of 5 hydroxytryptamine mediated by the endothelium was unaffected by blockade of monoamine oxidase or cyclooxygenase. In rings with endothelium, aggregating platelets, which released 5-hydroxytryptamine and thromboxane A2, caused relaxation. The relaxations caused by 5-hydroxytryptamine and aggregating platelets were antagonized by methysergide but not by ketanserin. These observations suggest that the response to 5-hydroxytryptamine is the net result of a direct contractile action on coronary smooth muscle and an inhibitory action mediated by the endothelium. In some vessels the endothelium-dependent inhibitory responses to aggregating platelets may be mediated in part by released 5 hydroxytryptamine. The serotonergic receptors on endothelial cells may be of a different subtype than those mediating contractions of the smooth muscle cells. PMID- 6660309 TI - Dietary sodium restriction and development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Blood pressure and body weight of conscious spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were measured up to 16 wk of age in animals started at birth on five different sodium-containing diets. SHR on 9 mumol sodium/g food did not show a rise in basal blood pressure; however, when stressed the SHR still exhibited slightly higher blood pressures than WKY. In SHR on 17 mumol sodium/g food the development of hypertension was blunted compared with that of control (101 mumol/g) diet animals. SHR on 26 or 44 mumol sodium/g diet exhibited a development of hypertension similar to that of SHR on control diet. The 26 mumol/g, 44 mumol/g, and control sodium diet groups, regardless of strain, had similar growth rates. By contrast, on 17 mumol sodium/g food both SHR and WKY showed a substantially reduced growth rate, and all animals on 9 mumol sodium/g diet were severely retarded in growth. The results indicate that dietary sodium restriction can ameliorate the development of hypertension in SHR, but only when the sodium levels are so low as to affect overall growth. PMID- 6660310 TI - Comments on "Pericardial superfusion to measure cardiac interstitial adenosine concentration". PMID- 6660311 TI - Effects of blood-free and protein-free perfusion on CFC in the isolated cat hindlimb. AB - To investigate the effects of blood and protein on capillary filtration coefficient (CFC), isolated cat hindlimbs were perfused at constant flow from a reservoir containing one of three perfusates: 1) an electrolyte solution also used for dialyzing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and hence labeled dialysate, 2) dialyzed 6.5-7.0 g/100 ml BSA, labeled albumin, and 3) albumin plus cat blood, labeled control. CFC during control perfusion averaged 0.0137 +/- 0.003 (SD, n = 26) and increased slowly with time. CFCs with dialysate and albumin were 3.1 +/- 0.56 (n = 11) and 1.7 +/- 0.52 (n = 15) times control, respectively. However, the ratio in a particular experiment depended on control CFC, the ratio being low when the control CFC was low and high when control CFC was high. The data can be explained if water flow occurs through two types of transcapillary pathways, one having a hydraulic capacity constant from animal to animal and insensitive to blood and protein, the second varying in hydraulic capacity and requiring blood and protein for its normal values. PMID- 6660312 TI - Hemodynamic disturbances in the rat as a function of the number of microspheres injected. AB - The purpose of this study was to reevaluate the radioactive microsphere technique used to measure blood flow distribution. The rats were conscious when studied. A dextrose solution with specific gravity of 1.3 was used as the suspension media instead of 10% dextran, which has previously been shown to cause hypotension. The microspheres were injected into the left atrium, which provided for maximal mixing with the blood before being ejected into the aortic arch. Ficoll-70 was given after each reference sample as a fluid replacement. With these modifications an injection of 360,000 microspheres or less caused no hemodynamic disturbances, as judged by electromagnetic flowmetry. After 1.4 X 10(6) microspheres had accumulated in the rat (several injections) the only significant hemodynamic disturbance was a decreased heart rate. This study establishes the limits in the rat regarding the number of microspheres that can be injected before hemodynamic disturbances result. PMID- 6660313 TI - Acute hypoxemia and hypercapnia: increase in plasma catecholamines in conscious dogs. AB - To systemically evaluate the effects of acute hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis on the sympathetic nervous system, five unanesthetized mongrel dogs were studied during acute hypoxemia [arterial O2 tension (PaO2) 33 +/- 2 Torr], acute hypercapnic acidosis [arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) 53 +/- 1 Torr; pH, 7.19 +/- 0.02], and combined acute hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis (PaO2, 36 +/- 1 Torr; PaCO2, 52 +/- 1 Torr; pH, 7.18 +/- 0.02). Combined acute hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis resulted in increased mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and heart rate. Moreover, combining acute hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis acted synergistically to increase circulating norepinephrine and epinephrine. Acute hypoxemia alone and acute hypercapnic acidosis alone resulted in reversible increases in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, and circulating norepinephrine. Although plasma epinephrine concentrations increased during acute hypoxemia, circulating epinephrine was unchanged during acute hypercapnic acidosis. These data indicate that acute hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis result in synergistic increase in circulating catecholamines. PMID- 6660314 TI - Heterogeneity in the response to dopamine of monkey cerebral and peripheral arteries. AB - In helical strips of monkey cerebral and mesenteric arteries contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha, dopamine in low concentrations produced a moderate relaxation but in high concentrations produced a contraction from the level of relaxation. On the other hand, coronary, renal, and femoral arterial strips responded to dopamine with only a concentration-dependent contraction. Treatment with phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine potentiated the dopamine-induced relaxation seen in cerebral and mesenteric arteries and reversed the contraction in the other arteries to a relaxation. After treatment with phenoxybenzamine, relaxant responses to dopamine of cerebral, mesenteric, and renal arteries were almost identical, and, compared with those, the responses of coronary and femoral arteries were appreciably less. Relaxations induced by dopamine were not influenced by propranolol, atropine, aminophylline, cimetidine, and aspirin but were markedly attenuated by droperidol. Adenosine-induced relaxations were not affected by droperidol. It is concluded that dopamine preferentially relaxes monkey cerebral and mesenteric arteries, possibly via dopaminergic receptors. It appears that the dopamine-induced contractions mediated by alpha-adrenoceptors predominate over the relaxation in coronary, renal, and femoral arteries, and dopaminergic receptor function is greater in cerebral, mesenteric, and renal arteries than in coronary and femoral arteries. PMID- 6660315 TI - Isolated human coronary arteries in response to vasoconstrictor substances. AB - In helical strips of human epicardial coronary arteries, norepinephrine produced a concentration-related contraction; the contractions relative to those induced by 30 mM K+ were greater in the proximal portion of the arteries than in the distal portion. The amine-induced contraction was suppressed by treatment with phentolamine. Acetylcholine contracted human coronary arteries but, in contrast, relaxed the monkey coronary arteries (both freshly excised and cadaver) previously contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha. Both the contraction and relaxation induced by acetylcholine were suppressed by atropine. Removal of the endothelium abolished the relaxation of monkey arteries but did not significantly alter the contraction of human arteries. Human coronary arteries responded to histamine with contractions, which were reversed to relaxations following treatment with chlorpheniramine. It is concluded that, as far as the portions of human coronary arteries used in the present study are concerned, the arterial contraction mediated via alpha-adrenoceptors is inversely related to the distance from the coronary artery orifice. Acetylcholine produces contractions of human coronary arteries, possibly due to activation of muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle cells. Histamine-induced contractions appear to be mediated via H1 receptors. PMID- 6660316 TI - Total body vascular capacitance changes during high intracranial pressure in dogs. AB - The active capacitance response to increased intracranial pressure (Pic) was studied in nine chloralose-anesthetized dogs. The vena cavae were cannulated and drained into a reservoir as blood was pumped at a constant flow (Q) into the right atrium. Central blood volume was determined as Q times the mean transit time of dye from the right atrium to the aortic root. Arterial compliance (Ca) was determined from the monoexponential decay of systemic arterial pressure (SAP) during vagal cardiac arrest to compute changes in arterial volume (delta SAP X Ca). Atropine was administered to prevent bradycardia and dangerous, constant cardiac output-induced increases in pulmonary arterial (PAP) and right and left atrial pressures. Blood volume shifts indicative of active venoconstriction, included changes in reservoir, central, and arterial volumes during Pic of 100 200 mmHg. Raised Pic, after atropine, induced a tachycardia, increased systemic and pulmonary resistances, and increased SAP and PAP. Venoconstriction caused marked blood shifts between 125 and 200 mmHg Pic. The extrapolated response threshold was about 112 mmHg. In the most sensitive range, venoconstriction amounted to 3.9 ml X kg-1 per 25-mmHg change in Pic. These results indicate that intense active capacitance vessel constriction is an important part of cardiovascular hemostasis during rapidly increased intracranial pressure. PMID- 6660317 TI - Mediation of pressor responses to cerebral ischemia by superficial ventral medullary areas. AB - The effects on the pressor response to cerebral ischemia (CIR) of superfusion of the ventral medullary surface with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing local anesthetic was investigated in 10 sinoaortic-denervated, anesthetized cats. Prior to application of the local anesthetic, occlusion of the common carotid and vertebral arteries caused an increase in mean systemic arterial pressure (SAP) of 58 +/- 7 mmHg (+/- SE) from an initial level of 98 +/- 6 mmHg. Following 108 +/- 15 s of superfusion with artificial CSF containing 2% procaine, the CIR decreased to 19 +/- 3 mmHg. At this time phrenic nerve activity had been eliminated but basal SAP had only decreased by 14 +/- 2 mmHg, and significant neurogenic vasomotor tone remained. The residual CIR can be accounted for by the passive increase in systemic resistance due to occlusion of the cerebral vascular bed. The effects of procaine were reversible. On attenuation of the CIR, electrical stimulation of pressor points 2-4 mm from the ventral medullary surface was still effective. Autoradiographic analysis following application of 14C-labeled lidocaine showed that attenuation of the CIR occurred when estimated concentrations of the anesthetic sufficient to block nerve conduction extended 85 micron from the ventral medullary surface. These results indicate that the CIR is mediated by superficial structures in the ventral medulla that are not involved in the generation of a major fraction of basal vasomotor tone. PMID- 6660318 TI - Effect of pressure and stirring on in vitro aortic transmural 125I-albumin transport. AB - The in vitro transport of 125I-albumin across the endothelial-injured canine aortic preparation was studied as a function of pressure (P) at various locations (z) along the vessel from stirred and quiescent reagents [serum (S) and a comparable albumin (A) reagent] to study mechanisms of vascular protein accumulation. Uptake (M, nmol X cm-2) was calculated from tissue radioactivity and strain-corrected vessel specimen surface area. Corresponding transmural concentration distributions [c(x)] were measured by quantitative microautoradiography. The results showed that 1) M and c(x) increased with P, decreased with z, and were lower from S than from A; 2) changes in M with stirring failed to demonstrate significant concentration gradients in the liquid at the vessel interface even with large uptake rates; 3) the c(x) contours were consistent with simple diffusion and convection in a homogeneous slab; 4) c(x) in the media near the intima increased with P above the assumed equilibrium concentration, suggesting interstitial solute rejection or edema formation with P; and 5) lower c(x) with S than A was consistent with a decreased reagent albumin activity, tissue binding, or tissue hydration. PMID- 6660319 TI - Gasser and Graham and spinal cord electrophysiology. AB - This year marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of the pioneering electrophysiological study of the spinal cord by H. S. Gasser and H. T. Graham (Am. J. Physiol. 103: 303-320, 1983). Gasser and Graham's paper is of historical interest, because it was the first study of the spinal cord to use a cathode ray tube. It is of scientific interest, because their careful recordings and insightful interpretations laid the groundwork for subsequent studies of spinal cord electrophysiology in anesthetized animals and, more recently, for the interpretation of noninvasive spinal cord recordings in awake, intact humans. PMID- 6660320 TI - Interspecies pharmacokinetic scaling and the Dedrick plots. AB - Interspecies variations in pharmacokinetics are frequently the consequence of organisms living in different time domains. Whereas species' parameter values differ when referenced to chronological time, scaling of data with respect to active mass (ergosomes) and to ideal (mathematical) pharmacokinetic space time (mesochrons, kallynochrons, or apolysichrons) removes the astronomical time dependency. A theory of pharmacokinetic similarities is presented which states that both physiological and pharmacokinetic processes are biologically interrelated and governed by a master synchronization mechanism; consequently interspecies pharmacokinetic events frequently may be expressed as invariant values; e.g., hexobarbital disposition half-life is approximately the duration of 1,680 gut beats (time standard) regardless of mammalian species. The depletion theory hypothesis of aging that each mammalian organism of set mass is genetically endowed with a set total energy or metabolism (lebenszeitliche Kraft) is found to be adaptable at the microscopic pharmacokinetic level; thus it is hypothesized that each mammalian organism has a genetically determined and finite quantity of phase I hepatic pharmacokinetic stuff (activity) to expend during a lifetime and that this pharmacokinetic stuff (ml cleared X kg-1 X maximum life span potential-1) is a constant. The rate at which this pharmacokinetic stuff is utilized (comparative pharmacokinetics) is presumed to be regulated by a pharmacokinetic clock, which may undergo either acute or chronic perturbations having either a genetic or environmental origin. PMID- 6660321 TI - Analysis of platelet aggregation using particle collision theory. AB - The aggregometer monitors changes in light transmission through stirred suspensions of aggregation platelets. Arbitrary measurements from aggregometer recorder tracings have been used to investigate platelet aggregation without regard to mechanisms involved. To determine the applicability of particle collision theory to assessment of in vitro platelet sensitivity to proaggregating agents, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from five volunteers was used to obtain recorder tracings after addition of ADP in five doses (0.4-4.0 mumol/l PRP) to aliquots of PRP stirred and incubated in an aggregometer. Using the equation describing light transmission through particulate suspensions, particle collision theory, and s (the probability of particle union after collision), a subject- and dose-independent relationship between aggregation rate (dn/dt) and particle number (n) at the recorder tracing inflection point was found (dn/dt = -k X s X n1.56, where k is a constant dependent on particle size and speed and on the proportion of unreactive particles). Determinations of mean particle size at the tracing inflection point indicated that k was also dose independent. Dose response curves of ADP added vs. s could therefore be constructed. This methodology provides conveniently obtainable quantitative information concerning in vitro platelet "stickiness." PMID- 6660322 TI - Effects of hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic fluids on thoracic duct lymph flow. AB - To test whether whole-body lymph flow responses to vascular volume loading depend on osmolality, we measured left thoracic duct lymph flow rate and protein concentration, plasma protein concentration, plasma osmolality, hematocrit, and arterial and venous pressures in pentobarbital-anesthetized, acutely nephrectomized dogs. Hypo- (100 mosmol), iso- (309 mosmol), and hypertonic (600 mosmol) saline, isotonic lactated Ringer solution, and 5% glucose in lactated Ringer solution (580 mosmol) were infused into the jugular vein (20 ml/kg per infusion over 5 min at 30-min intervals). Changes in blood, interstitial, and cellular volumes were calculated from the infused volume and from the hematocrit and plasma osmolality. The hypotonic fluid increased lymph flow about half as much as the isotonic fluid, whereas the hypertonic fluids increased lymph flow about twice as much as the isotonic infusions. Responses appeared independent of the osmotic agent, because hypertonic NaCl was as effective as hypertonic glucose in increasing lymph flow. Responses were not altered appreciably after lowering arterial pressure by 25 mmHg. The major finding of this study is that for every condition we explored, the excess lymph flow over 30 min (ELF in ml X kg-1 X 30 min-1) correlated with the change in interstitial fluid volume (delta ISFV in ml/kg); ELF = 0.076 delta ISFV (r = 0.909). These data suggest that cellular fluid that enters the interstitium is equally effective in increasing thoracic duct lymph flow as is vascular fluid that filters into the interstitium. PMID- 6660324 TI - Effects of temperature on the circadian rhythm of pig-tailed macaques Macaca nemestrina. AB - Activity rhythms of pig-tailed macaques, Macaca nemestrina, were recorded under three different conditions: 1) constant illumination (LL) and constant ambient temperature; 2) light-dark (LD) cycles with 12 h of bright light and 12 h of dim light (LD 12:12) at constant ambient temperature; 3) cycles with 12 h of high (32 degrees C) and 12 h of low temperature (17 degrees C) in LL. In constant conditions the period of the free-running rhythm was positively correlated with light intensity. Ambient temperature had no systematic effect on the period in LL of 0.45 and 45 lx; when measured in 100 or 450 lx, the period was consistently longer at 32 than at 17 degrees C. Temperature cycles with a range of 15 degrees C resulted in entrainment in three adult animals, but not at all tests; two adults and a couple of young animals were never entrained. Entrainment by temperature was less accurate than that by LD. The results demonstrate that a temperature cycle can entrain the circadian activity rhythm of an homeothermic mammalian species but that it is a very weak zeitgeber compared with LD cycle. PMID- 6660323 TI - Influence of left ventricular receptor stimulation on plasma vasopressin in conscious dogs. AB - The current study was undertaken to determine whether receptors in the left ventricle are capable, when stimulated, of inhibiting plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the conscious dog. Dogs were instrumented to measure aortic pressure and heart rate. In addition, a catheter was implanted in the left circumflex coronary artery. Left ventricular receptors were stimulated by the intracoronary infusion of veratrine, which evoked a hypotension and bradycardia. Control experiments consisted of intravenous infusion of veratrine. Plasma AVP, osmolality, and sodium and potassium concentrations were measured at intervals following the infusion. Similar experiments were done during the intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside (NP) to lower aortic pressure to the same extent as that seen with intracoronary infusion of veratrine. Experiments were also performed in chronic sinoaortic-denervated dogs. Intracoronary infusion of veratrine resulted in a significant decrease in aortic pressure from 93.9 +/- 2.8 to 70.5 +/- 4.5 mmHg. Control plasma AVP averaged 2.13 +/- 0.25 pg/ml and did not change significantly during this time. NP infusion lowered aortic pressure to a similar degree, and plasma AVP rose to 21.17 +/- 3.79 pg/ml after 5 min. There were no significant changes in any other plasma constituents. The results were similar in sinoaortic denervated dogs. We conclude from the results of this study that receptors in the left ventricle are not capable of decreasing plasma AVP from low basal levels or from augmented levels. PMID- 6660325 TI - Parabrachial units responding to stimulation of buffer nerves and forebrain in the cat. AB - Spontaneously firing units in the region of parabrachial nuclei (PB) and Kolliker Fuse nuclei (KF) of 19 chloralose-anesthetized cats were monitored for changes in firing frequency during electrical stimulation of carotid sinus (CSN) and aortic depressor (ADN) nerves, of central nucleus of the amygdala (ACE), and of paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus (PVH). In the ipsilateral PB 64 of 189 and in the contralateral PB 9 of 103 units responded to CSN stimulation; 18 of 185 ipsilaterally and 7 of 97 contralaterally responded to ADN stimulation. Responses were primarily excitatory, and units were located primarily in the ventrolateral portion of the PB. Only 9 of 267 units responded to stimulation of both CSN and ADN. Stimulation of the ACE and PVH antidromically activated 9 and 7 units, respectively, in PB and approximately half of these also responded to buffer nerve stimulation. In the ipsilateral PB 56 of 207 and in the contralateral PB 11 of 103 units responded orthodromically to ACE stimulation, and 23 of 177 ipsilaterally and 2 of 103 contralaterally responded orthodromically to PVH stimulation with primarily excitatory responses and were located primarily in the ventrolateral portion of the PB and KF. Of these units approximately half also responded to buffer nerve stimulation. These results suggest an important role for PB-KF in mediating ascending and descending cardiovascular and respiratory control signals. PMID- 6660326 TI - Stimulation of pancreatic afferents reflexly activates the cardiovascular system in cats. AB - Chemical stimulation of afferents from the stomach and gallbladder has been shown reflexly to activate the cardiovascular system. It is not known, however, whether stimulating afferents from the pancreas evoke similar reflex activity. Therefore we recorded the cardiovascular responses in cats anesthetized with methoxyflurane, while we applied capsaicin (200 micrograms/ml) and bradykinin (0.001-1,000 micrograms/ml) to the surface of the pancreas. Topically applying these algesic substances evoked cardiovascular responses that included increases in systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, left ventricular dP/dt at 40-mmHg developed pressure and systemic vascular resistance. Bilateral vagotomy at the level of the diaphragm did not diminish the cardiovascular responses evoked by capsaicin or bradykinin. In contrast, removal of the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia abolished the cardiovascular responses demonstrated previously when capsaicin or bradykinin was applied to the pancreas. We conclude that afferent endings in the pancreas can be stimulated reflexly to increase cardiovascular function in cats. This reflex activation represents a potential mechanism for eliciting the cardiovascular changes observed during acute pancreatitis, particularly the marked vasoconstriction that may lead to renal failure. PMID- 6660328 TI - Pulse-wave propagation in the arterial system of the diamond python Morelia spilotes. AB - Pulse-wave velocity (PWV) and pulse-wave amplification (PWA) were measured over a proximal [51 +/- 3 (SE) cm] and distal segment (60 +/- 6 cm) of the common descending aorta of 10 anesthetized diamond python snakes (Morelia spilotes). For proximal and distal segments, PWV values were 551 +/- 66 and 921 +/- 116 cm/s and PWA were 0.91 +/- 0.05 and 0.91 +/- 0.06, respectively. PWV for proximal and distal segments were significantly different (P less than 0.02), but PWA were not. PWA for separate harmonics of heart frequency showed no significant increase above unity. Increase of PWV between distal and proximal aorta indicates a reduction in arterial distensibility, a phenomenon that in other species is associated with amplification of the pressure pulse; this was not observed in snakes. Using a simple elastic tube model 56 cm in length and 3 mm in diameter it was found that the amplification produced by the measured PWV changes is offset by attenuation due to viscous damping. Thus similarity of pulse-wave contour throughout the snake's aorta is attributable to the opposing effects of elastic nonuniformity and viscous damping. PMID- 6660327 TI - Metabolic organization of liver during spawning migration of sockeye salmon. AB - Although earlier studies have established broad outlines of biochemical changes during salmon spawning migration, the metabolic organization of specific organs has hitherto remained unknown. In this study, we assessed the performance of isolated liver cells from anorexic female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at four sampling sites along their 1,150-km spawning migration. Isolated hepatocytes maintain high rates of gluconeogenesis and CO2 release from amino acids and lactate throughout the migration. Alanine, derived from proteolysis of white muscle, constitutes the single most important source for de novo synthesis of glucose. Just before spawning, when glycogen reserves reach a maximum, gluconeogenesis from alanine is specifically inhibited, whereas its conversion to CO2 and the utilization of other substrates are relatively unchanged. Spawning, apparently supported by carbohydrate catabolism, is accompanied by depletion of glycogen reserves from muscle as well as liver and a stimulation of gluconeogenesis from amino acids. At the onset of migration, palmitate oxidation accounts for about half the CO2 released by liver cells; its contribution decreases during the migration and is negligible after spawning. PMID- 6660329 TI - Systemic and renal effects of angiotensin II in the freshwater turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans. AB - This study examined the renal and systemic effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) in the freshwater turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans. We infused [Asn1, Val5]ANG II at doses of 1, 10, 100, and 500 ng X kg-1 X min-1 in conscious turtles while monitoring blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine volume, and plasma and urine electrolytes. Saline (0.6%) was infused for two 1-h control periods at 1 ml X kg-1 X h-1 followed by a 1-h infusion of saline with ANG II added. Saline alone was then infused for either two or three 1-h recovery periods. Control values before ANG II infusion averaged 21 mmHg for blood pressure, 1.8 ml X h-1 for urine volume, and 8.0 ml X kg-1 X h-1 for GFR. At 1 (n = 7) and 10 ng X kg-1 X min-1 (n = 6) ANG II produced no significant changes in blood pressure or renal function. Angiotensin infusion at the higher rates of 100 (n = 6) and 500 ng X kg-1 X min-1 (n = 11) significantly elevated blood pressure during ANG II infusion (29 and 44 mmHg, respectively), while electrolyte excretion remained unchanged. Despite the increased blood pressure, GFR and urine volume tended to decrease. At all infusion rates, plasma electrolytes remained unchanged. The results suggest that ANG II is a potent constrictor of preglomerular vessels in the kidney of the turtle. PMID- 6660330 TI - Uterine blood flow in relation to endogenous hormones during estrous cycle and early pregnancy. AB - To evaluate the extent to which endogenous hormones in peripheral blood can account for uterine blood flow (UBF), rates of blood flow and concentrations of estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) were measured simultaneously in four sheep during the estrous cycle and the first 3 wk of pregnancy. During the estrous cycle, UBF was inversely related to the concentration of P4 (P less than 0.01) and directly related to (E1 + E2)/P4 (P less than 0.01). There was no animal in which UBF was related to estrogen alone. No statistically significant relationship between endogenous hormones and UBF was detected in any ewe during the first 3 wk of pregnancy. Data support the idea that UBF varies during the estrous cycle in relation to peripheral concentrations of P4 and (E1 + E2)/P4 but leaves open the nature of the relationship in early pregnancy. PMID- 6660331 TI - Uterine blood flow: periodic fluctuations of its rate during pregnancy. AB - Daily measurements of the rate of uterine blood flow (ml/min) during the last half of pregnancy of four normal sheep reflected a 17-day cyclic fluctuation (range, 9.5-42 days) superimposed on a linear increase over time. The cyclic increase was not detected in two (of 7) intact ewes or in four pregnant ewes that had been ovariectomized. The cyclic pattern of increase may be related to ovarian activity. PMID- 6660332 TI - Control of extracellular ions in skate brain during osmotic disturbances. AB - Regulation of brain water and osmolytes in osmotic disturbances has been studied in the little skate, Raja erinacea. Free-swimming fish were subjected to seawater plus 125 mM NaCl (hyperosmotic; these also received 10 ml/kg body wt im 4.19 M NaCl in elasmobranch Ringer) or to 50% seawater (hyposmotic). At a set time, fish were killed, and blood and brain (telencephalon and medulla) were analyzed. Brain water was divided into a Cl- and a non-Cl- space. Responses of water and osmolytes to osmotic disturbances were mutually consistent. In telencephalon, there was good regulation of Cl- space, based on Na+ and Cl- shifts in hypo- and hyperosmolality. This control was near perfect at 2- and 4-h hyperosmolality. Regulation of non-Cl- space was minimal at 24-h hyperosmolality, with small K+ uptake. In medulla, Cl- space and ions were unregulated, whereas non-Cl- space was partly controlled in hyposmolality in relation to amino acid loss. Thus in this elasmobranch, regulation of Cl- space and of Na+ and Cl- is effective in telencephalon but is nonexistent in medulla oblongata. PMID- 6660333 TI - Esophageal desalination of seawater in flounder: role of active sodium transport. AB - The esophagus of the flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, was studied to determine how salinity of ingested seawater (SW) is decreased before fluid absorption in the intestine. Drinking rate was 2.5 ml X h-1 X kg-1. Stomach fluid osmolality was 45% that of seawater, and intestinal fluid was isosmotic to plasma. Esophagus and stomach were nearly impermeable to 28Mg; thus Mg concentrations were accurate indicators of fluid addition and NaCl removal between pharynx and stomach. Measurements of water and ion fluxes across isolated esophageal epithelium mounted in Ussing chambers and bathed by Ringer solution showed that the tritiated water flux was lower in esophagus than in intestine and that 22Na flux ratio was 1.4 (Jm leads to s/Js leads to m) regardless of acclimation medium (100 or 10% SW). Potential difference was zero, and electrical resistance averaged 90 omega X cm2. Mucosal-to-serosal Na transport was inhibited by 0.1 mM amiloride, 0.1 mM ouabain, and Cl-free medium, whereas 1.0 mM furosemide had no effect. Net esophageal Na absorption (mucosal-to-serosal) averaged 10.0 mumol X h-1 X cm-2 with mucosa exposed to SW and was inhibited 46% by 0.1 mM ouabain. Taken together the above observations suggest a role for both passive and active esophageal Na transport in SW desalination. PMID- 6660334 TI - Are peptides truly satiety agents? A method of testing for neurohumoral satiety effects. AB - Because controversy exists as to the interpretation of the known feeding suppressive effects of various neuropeptides, we attempted to construct a model that could differentiate satiety from other nonspecific effects. Reasoning that a satiety factor should be less inhibiting of feeding in a hungrier animal, whereas aversive agents should be unaffected by hunger, we studied the neuropharmacologic dose responses of five substances administered peripherally to rats at two different degrees of starvation. Included were four neuropeptides with putative satiety effects: cholecystokinin, calcitonin, bombesin, and pancreatic polypeptide, as well as the known aversive agent lithium chloride. In the study, cholecystokinin behaved as we postulated a satiety factor would, showing significant effect of starvation at every dose and in the ANOVA. The aversive agent lithium showed overlapping among the starvation groups and no starvation effect by ANOVA. Calcitonin failed to show differences attributable to starvation. Bombesin produced some overlapping of starvation groups and a barely significant starvation effect by ANOVA. Pancreatic polypeptide produced no feeding suppression in the rat. We conclude that cholecystokinin is a short-term satiety signal and that calcitonin acts peripherally by some nonspecific nonsatiating means. Bombesin's effects are unclear but may be nonspecific. PMID- 6660335 TI - Light-dark masking of circadian temperature and activity rhythms in squirrel monkeys. AB - In addition to the synchronizing effects of light-dark cycles on the circadian timing system, light per se can have a direct masking effect on the rhythmic variables monitored as indicators of the circadian system. To evaluate the masking action of light on the rest-activity and body temperature rhythms of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), animals were exposed to cycles of 2 h of light alternating with 2 h of darkness (LD 2:2). There was evidence of phase dependent masking responses in both rhythms, with the light-induced elevation of activity levels and temperature greatest around the times of the circadian maxima of the respective rhythms. The temporal distribution of activity was more strongly affected by the masking action of the 2:2 cycle than was the temporal pattern of temperature variation. The increase in activity observed during lights on was evidently a major factor contributing to the corresponding increase in temperature. PMID- 6660336 TI - Is there an absolute threshold for low-dose radiation? A statistical matter. PMID- 6660337 TI - The masked depression syndrome--results of a seventeen-year clinical study. AB - This paper is a review of a 17-year study of 1,465 patients who had severe masked depression. It offers a description of the most frequently found symptoms and signs that are characteristic of patients with this disorder. A very distinctive syndrome is outlined. PMID- 6660338 TI - Psychoanalysis in the 1980s. AB - Psychoanalysis has passed through several dialectic steps of development. At present, it appears invigorated by social needs such as accountability and by object-relations theory and self-psychology. As the most rigorous application of causality to the understanding of human behavior, it is likely to endure into new social eras and outlive the various diluted and trendy fads. PMID- 6660339 TI - A narcissistic reaction in a six-year-old girl with a seizure disorder. AB - A six-year-old girl with a three-year history of seizures came to psychotherapy because of a progressively worsening behavior disorder. She was adjudged to have a severe reactive narcissistic disorder in response to her uncontrollable seizures. During the complex clinical course of her combined conditions, two different styles of psychotherapy were employed. Their relevance to the psychotherapy of the narcissistic conditions of childhood is explored. PMID- 6660340 TI - Psychotherapeutic possibilities in a rural community mental health center in Greece. AB - The psychotherapeutic possibilities were explored in an experimental community mental health center covering a rural, secluded district in Greece. Cultural difficulties and visualization of the therapist as a protective figure produced some initial resistances, while somatization was common. Various psychotherapeutic approaches, including a mobile unit's intervention in the villages, were organized to cover the countryside's needs. PMID- 6660341 TI - Short-term interpersonal therapy (IPT) with the depressed elderly: case reports and discussion. AB - Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), a short-term treatment developed and tested for use with ambulatory depressed patients, has been successfully applied to elderly patients in a recent pilot study. Case reports of treated elderly patients are presented and the specific utility of IPT for this population is described. The potential of short-term psychotherapies for the treatment of the elderly is discussed and research directions are outlined. PMID- 6660342 TI - Multiple versus individual therapy: are two better than one? AB - Individual and cotherapy sessions were compared via questionnaires and tape recordings to assess differences in attitudes and therapy process. Results showed that therapists view multiple therapy more positively, do not observe differences in process in the counseling situations, and offer lower levels of facilitative conditions on Carkhuff scales in the multiple than the individual situation. PMID- 6660343 TI - Childhood parent loss: developmental impact and adult psychopathology. AB - A large number of cases in analytically oriented psychotherapy and psychoanalysis were studied to determine the developmental consequences of parent loss by death or continuous separation in childhood. The cumulative evidence from this data is that the meaning, impact, and consequences of parent loss on emotional development are determined both by the phase-sensitive issues impacted, as well as the unique interpretation by the child of the fantasied cause and effect of the loss event. Specific issues arising in treatment as a derivative of earlier parent loss are presented as they relate to developmental diagnosis, therapeutic alliance, transference, countertransference, mourning, and termination. PMID- 6660344 TI - Psychotherapy with survivors of the Beverly Hills Supper Club fire. AB - Thirty psychotherapies with survivors of a devastating supper club fire were studied. Treatments were judged in terms of level of completeness, traumatic symptomatology, therapist experience, and therapist sensitivity to the particular disaster influenced level of completion. Nodal points, such as engagement, dosage of affect, and management of transference are described, and case illustrations provided. PMID- 6660345 TI - Monoclonal antibody inducing human sperm agglutination. AB - A mouse fused splenic cell line producing antibody that induces agglutination of human sperm was cultivated. The antibody was localized to the midpiece and tail of human spermatozoa by an indirect immunofluorescence method. The interacting antigen was identified in a sperm membrane protein preparation by SDS gel/protein blot immunofluorescence method. The molecular weight of the antigen was in the vicinity of 84 Kdaltons. PMID- 6660346 TI - Characterization of porcine zona pellucida antigens by immunoaffinity chromatography and by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - In the present work, 500 and 50,000 porcine zonae pellucidae were solubilized using Lithium-3,5-diiodosalicylate. The zona antigens were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) on immobilized antizona immunoglobulin G (IgG). The antizona-IgG was raised by immunization of female rabbits with 500 heat-solubilized porcine zonae. Four antigens could be detected following IAC: ZP I/1 (Mr = 42,000), ZP II/1 (Mr = 67,000), ZP II/2 (Mr = 32,000), ZP III/1 (Mr = 17,000). In a parallel experiment, 50,000 zonae were solubilized in a similar manner and the mixture was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a protein column. Altogether, 9 protein peaks that contained the antigens ZP I/1, ZP II/1, ZP II/2, and ZP III/1 could be detected following HPLC. The carbohydrate composition is characteristic for O-glycosidic-glycoproteins. ZP II/1 and ZP II/2 are probably in close association within the zona. Based on the reaction of the antigens with antibodies induced by intact and heat-solubilized zonae, it is postulated that only ZP I/1 and ZP II/1 are expressed on the surface in intact zonae. PMID- 6660348 TI - Microglandular adenosis of the breast. A clinicopathologic study of 11 cases with ultrastructural observations. AB - The clinical and pathologic features of 11 examples of microglandular adenosis of the breast are presented. Microglandular adenosis is a rare, benign lesion that is easily confused with carcinoma. It is characterized by a concentrated proliferation of round glands with open lumens in a densely homogeneous stroma that clearly delineates microglandular adenosis from the adjacent uninvolved breast. The glands are lined by a single layer of cells with distinctly vacuolated or granular cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, the single layer of epithelial cells lacks cytoplasmic protrusions and is surrounded by a thick multilayered basement membrane. Light- and electron-microscopic features that help distinguish microglandular adenosis from well-differentiated (tubular) carcinoma and sclerosing adenosis, entities with which it is easily confused, are discussed. PMID- 6660347 TI - Induction of high titer mouse--antihuman spermatozoal antibodies by liposome incorporation of spermatozoal membrane antigens. AB - This is the first report of induction of high titer mouse-antihuman spermatozoal antibodies using a spermatozoal antigen incorporated in liposomes. The peptide antigens that were incorporated into pure phosphatidylcholine liposomes are known to react with the naturally occurring antibodies in sera of sterile patients. Electron microscopy and the complement-dependent glucose release tests indicated that the peptides were entrapped in the aqueous phase between the lipid bilayers in the liposome vehicles. This is in contrast to most other liposomal antigens that are expressed on the outer lipid surface. In view of the nontoxic nature of the liposomes these results could be of some interest in immunological fertility regulation trials with appropriate antigens in an allogeneic system. PMID- 6660349 TI - Syringomatous adenoma of the nipple. AB - A benign, locally infiltrating tumor histologically similar to syringoma of skin adnexal origin has been found in the nipple in five patients. Four women were 28 41 years of age (mean 36 years) and a man was 76 years old. The lesion was solitary and unilateral in each case. Grossly, minute cystic areas were noted in some specimens. Microscopically, typical tubular, duct-like structures and keratinizing cysts were present throughout the lesion. Follow-up is available for four patients. Two were free of recurrence 2 and 2.5 years after nipple resection. A third patient treated by mastectomy 3 years ago is also disease free. In a fourth woman, the lesion persisted and slowly enlarged over 22 years after incomplete excision. Eventually partial mastectomy was required and she died of colonic carcinoma 2 years later. Syringomatous adenoma is a morphologically characteristic neoplasm that can be distinguished from florid papillomatosis of nipple ducts; it is capable of local invasion and recurrence if not completely excised. Adequate treatment may require nipple resection. PMID- 6660350 TI - Hamartomatous polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. A light-, histochemical, and electron-microscopic study. AB - Multiple hamartomatous polyps from two patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome were studied using histochemical, electron-microscopic, and light-microscopic means. Using normal intestinal mucosa as control, mucosubstances containing sulfate, hexose and glycogen, as well as neutral and acid mucins, were detected. Electron microscopic findings in different cellular populations of hamartomatous and normal mucosa were also evaluated. The results indicated the hamartomatous nature of such polypoid formations in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Review of the literature supports the possibility of genetic predisposition of these patients to develop unusual types of neoplasms in unexpected localizations. PMID- 6660351 TI - Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors with a retiform pattern: a problem in histopathologic diagnosis. A report of 25 cases. AB - A review of 232 cases of ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors yielded 25 that contained a prominent component with a retiform pattern. A lack of awareness of this pattern, which has not been described adequately in the literature, resulted in frequent initial misinterpretation of these tumors as neoplasms of other types, including endodermal sinus tumor (seven cases) and serous adenocarcinoma (four cases). The patients ranged in age from 2 to 39 years. Three of them (12%) presented because of androgenic manifestations; most of the remainder complained of abdominal swelling or pain, but one of them was amenorrheic and hirsute and three had amenorrhea, suggesting androgen secretion by the tumor. All the tumors were Stage I; one was bilateral. Their average maximum dimension was 16 cm and they were typically cystic or both cystic and solid. In eight tumors the cysts were lined by papillae, which were edematous in five cases. On microscopic examination the retiform pattern, which predominated in 14 of the 25 tumors, was characterized by an irregular network of elongated, often slit-like tubules and cysts, which often contained papillae and resembled the rete testis. Follow-up of 21 patients from 6 months to 17 years (average 4 years) revealed that 16 of them were alive and free of disease; five had died of tumor from 6 months to 17 years postoperatively. PMID- 6660352 TI - Thyroid papillary carcinoma. Pathological and philosophical controversies. AB - An encapsulated thyroid tumor with a papillary architecture is statistically much more likely to be a hyperplastic follicular adenoma than a papillary carcinoma, for the latter are uncommonly encapsulated. Hyperfunction of such a tumor is diagnostic of an adenoma. Various histopathologic features are useful in the differential diagnosis, but these are more accurately termed guidelines than criteria. The presence of psammoma bodies, fibrovascular stalks of papillae and pale nuclear changes are probably the most reliable histopathologic features of a carcinoma. The value of needle biopsy as a diagnostic tool for the screening of thyroid nodules is emphasized. Encapsulated variants of papillary carcinoma are discussed, including the rare pure follicular variant and those intermixed with adenomatous components, suggesting the possibility that some papillary carcinomas might arise in a preexisting adenoma. When the histopathologic diagnosis is equivocal, a benign interpretation is favored since encapsulated papillary carcinomas are very low grade, have an unusually favorable prognosis, and need no further resection. The polarization in past years of clinicians into radical and conservative operative fractions is reviewed. This stemmed from different interpretations of the presence of lymph node metastases in a majority of cases and the high frequency of intraglandular microscopic dissemination of neoplasm. It is clear that biological behavior of this unusual cancer is more important than a literal interpretation of the pathologic findings as a determinant for patient management. The surgical pathologist should be mindful that he plays an important role in patient management, not only by providing a diagnosis but also by serving as a consultant to the surgeon in pathologic correlation. PMID- 6660353 TI - Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A discussion of its several morphologic expressions, with particular emphasis on the follicular variant. AB - Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid has been classically defined on the basis of the presence and even the predominance of papillary formations within the tumor. Changes in this traditional concept have evolved along two separate but related lines. The first is the realization that well-differentiated tumors having a papillary component, however minimal, will exhibit the behavior of papillary carcinoma even in the presence of extensive areas with a sclerosing, solid, or follicular pattern of growth. The second is an increased reliance on cytologic criteria (particularly the ground-glass nucleus) rather than architectural features for the identification of papillary carcinoma. Through the use of these criteria in association with various clinical features, evidence is put forward in support of the concept of a follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, i.e., a tumor type in which papillae are nil or absent but which still belongs by cell type and clinicopathologic behavior to the group of papillary carcinomas. PMID- 6660354 TI - Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Diagnostic considerations. PMID- 6660355 TI - Factor(s) from stored plasma which enhance the effects of central nervous system depressant. PMID- 6660356 TI - Effects of various microsomal enzyme inducers on M-demethylation of chlorpromazine. PMID- 6660357 TI - Protective effect of fructose-1,6-diphosphate towards ischemia damage in rats hepatocyte observed by electronic microscope. PMID- 6660358 TI - [Correlations between locomotor behavior and neurohistologic aspects of the brain stem in the mouse following cranial injury]. PMID- 6660359 TI - [French translation of the Stanford Sleepiness Scale and use of this scale of sedation following a single dose of midazolam or amitriptyline]. PMID- 6660360 TI - [Variations of enzyme activities and plasma proteins in severe cranial injuries: action of nicergoline]. PMID- 6660361 TI - [Value of protecting the brain in surgery of intracranial arterial aneurysms]. PMID- 6660362 TI - [Surgery of the cervical spine in a sitting position (47 cases)]. PMID- 6660363 TI - [Effect of GABA linoleamide on thermoregulation in mice exposed to low temperatures]. PMID- 6660364 TI - [Determination of octopamine using high pressure liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection: studies of the brain of the cricket Locusta migratoria cinerascens]. PMID- 6660365 TI - Cytodifferentiation of cochlear hair cells. AB - Cytodifferentiation of a limited number of cochlear hair cells in the mouse starts on the 14th gestational day. One day later, the number of identified hair cells increases considerably. Cytodifferentiation apparently occurs in a gradient from the hair cell surface to the base. First, the irregular microvilli covering the future hair cell surfaces begin to show a regular pattern but are of the same thickness and length as microvilli on supporting cells. Second, a polarization of sensory hairs occurs with a stepwise increase in stereocilia length in the different rows toward the kinocilium. Finally, the cuticle is formed, giving an anchorage for sensory hair rootlets in the hair cell. At birth some hair cells can be found with immature surface morphologic features, e.g., stereocilia of the same length on the entire hair cell surface and lack of a cuticular plate. The onset of hair cell differentiation takes place without morphologic contact with ingrowing nerve fibers. PMID- 6660366 TI - Macromolecular tracers in the mammalian cochlea. PMID- 6660367 TI - Pharmacologic considerations in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. PMID- 6660368 TI - Controversies in the management of streptococcal pharyngitis. PMID- 6660369 TI - Cervical adenitis in children. PMID- 6660370 TI - Dental, periodontal, and oral mucosal infections. PMID- 6660371 TI - Deep neck infection. PMID- 6660372 TI - Acute sinusitis in adults. PMID- 6660373 TI - Acute sinusitis and orbital complications in children. PMID- 6660374 TI - Chronic suppurative otitis media and infected cholesteatoma. PMID- 6660375 TI - Treatment of pneumonias in infants and children. PMID- 6660376 TI - Prophylaxis in surgical procedures. PMID- 6660377 TI - The draining syringe: further uses in head and neck surgery. PMID- 6660378 TI - Thorium-dioxide--induced pharyngeal hemorrhage. AB - Thorium dioxide, a producer of alpha particle radiation, was used in the United States from 1930 to 1950 for carotid and cerebral angiography. Cervical thorium dioxide granuloma is a well-recognized sequela of extravasation of this material near the carotid bifurcation. Radical neck dissection to remove the granuloma for aesthetic and functional reasons may lead to massive postoperative hemorrhage if a patent, but radiation-weakened, carotid artery is present. Additionally, hemorrhage may occur spontaneously because of pharyngeal necrosis or following infection of a pharyngeal biopsy site. The case described illustrates that life threatening, thorium-dioxide--induced pharyngeal hemorrhage may occur even with an occluded carotid system. The bleeding site may go unrecognized, and laryngopharyngectomy with radical neck debridement may be required for hemostasis. Extension of an infection into the retroesophageal space and thoracic inlet requires exteriorization of the entire neck wound to prevent placing the great vessels of the superior mediastinum at risk for rupture. Spontaneous rupture of the aorta may occur due to thorium-dioxide--induced necrosis of its wall. PMID- 6660379 TI - Proliferative myositis in the head and neck. AB - Benign fibrous lesions in the head and neck include lesions with a wide range of histologic features. Some of these conditions may be mistaken for malignant tumors, leading to unnecessary radical therapy. Proliferative myositis is one such lesion. A 49-year-old man had a one-week history of swelling over the left side of this mandible and upper neck. Most of the mass was removed and the diagnosis of proliferative myositis was confirmed by excisional biopsy. The patient was free of disease one year after surgery. PMID- 6660380 TI - [Activity of serum thermostable alkaline phosphatase in chronic placental insufficiency]. PMID- 6660382 TI - [Relation between fetal weight-growth indices and placenta localization]. PMID- 6660381 TI - [Dynamic scintigraphy of the placenta as a method of detecting placental insufficiency]. PMID- 6660383 TI - [Drug and nondrug treatment during pregnancy]. PMID- 6660384 TI - [A method determining placental area]. PMID- 6660385 TI - [Determination of fetal weight by an ultrasonic measurement of the biparietal diameter]. PMID- 6660386 TI - [The role of new principles of calculation and analysis of cardiotocograms for an antenatal fetal evaluation]. PMID- 6660387 TI - [Hemodynamics in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 6660388 TI - [Labor monitoring using microcomputers]. PMID- 6660389 TI - [Morphogenesis and the time of onset of periventricular leukomalacia in newborn infants]. PMID- 6660390 TI - [Measurement of the true conjugate diameter using combined ultrasonic scanning]. PMID- 6660391 TI - [Effect of serum on lymphocyte chromatin properties in threatened abortion]. PMID- 6660392 TI - [Effect of nicotine on embryogenesis and fetal development]. PMID- 6660393 TI - [Effect of toxic injury of the maternal lung on the morphofunctional state of the homologous organs in the offspring]. PMID- 6660394 TI - [Current methods of diagnosis and treatment of asphyxia neonatorum]. PMID- 6660395 TI - [Principles of resuscitation and intensive care of asphyxiated neonates]. PMID- 6660396 TI - [Characteristic features of resuscitation and intensive care of asphyxiated neonates]. PMID- 6660397 TI - [Appendicitis and pregnancy]. PMID- 6660398 TI - [Thromboelastography in obstetrical practice]. PMID- 6660399 TI - [Optimized determination of amniotic lecithin (the sphingomyelin index)]. PMID- 6660400 TI - [Characteristic changes and variability traits of the heart rate of the premature fetus during premature labor]. PMID- 6660401 TI - [Etiological features of premature labor in Tolbukhin District in 1982]. PMID- 6660402 TI - [Basic causes of stillbirth in Varna District in 1976-1980]. PMID- 6660403 TI - [Ketalar-diazepam anesthesia in the postoperative period in obstetrical and gynecological operations]. PMID- 6660404 TI - [Clinical and hormonal changes in women with anovulatory cycles]. PMID- 6660405 TI - [Circadian rhythm of adenohypophyseal hormone secretion in women with obesity]. PMID- 6660406 TI - [Problems related to the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 6660407 TI - [Colpitis in women in various sections of the economy]. PMID- 6660408 TI - [Effectiveness of cytological screening during prophylactic examinations of women in detecting precancer and cancer of the cervix uteri--the screening results of 1971-1981 in the People's Republic of Bulgaria]. PMID- 6660409 TI - [Conization--a method for the diagnosis and treatment of cervix uteri changes]. PMID- 6660410 TI - [Preliminary report on the surgical formation of a cervix and neovagina in congenital malformation with hematometra and hematosalpinx]. PMID- 6660411 TI - [Our 10 years' experience in the surgical treatment of cervical cancer]. PMID- 6660412 TI - [Immunological and spermatological studies of patients with idiopathic varicocele and infertility]. PMID- 6660413 TI - [Morphological and biochemical studies of the ejaculate of patients with idiopathic varicocele and infertility]. PMID- 6660414 TI - [Selective filtration of abnormal spermatozoa through the cervical mucus in vitro]. PMID- 6660415 TI - [Spermatic analysis indices and fertility determined by laser Doppler velocimetry]. PMID- 6660416 TI - Tuberous sclerosis: proline and hydroxyproline contents in serum. AB - The serum levels of proline and hydroxyproline were determined by high performance liquid chromatography using the post-labeled method with o phthalaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite in 30 patients of tuberous sclerosis (TS) and compared with those in 32 pathological control subjects of similar age. No significant difference in the levels of serum free hydroxyproline was observed between TS and controls in any age group. In the age group of 9 to 18 years, TS showed significantly higher mean free proline levels in serum than controls with a difference of about 50 mumol/L. In both groups of TS and controls, total and free levels of hydroxyproline from ethanol-extractable serum showed similar age dependent curves with peak values at age 12 years, and there was also no difference in the 2 levels between the 2 groups. It is suggested that this higher free proline level in TS with the autosomal dominant trait may be explained as the abnormal regulation of proline metabolism. PMID- 6660417 TI - Prognostic factors of convulsive disorders in the first year of life. AB - Prognostic factors for mental and physical development and seizure control were investigated in 194 patients with convulsive disorders in the first year of life, excluding infantile spasms, neonatal convulsions and occasional convulsions. Thirty-three patients with febrile convulsions were included in the study. All patients were followed up to age six or older. The cases were subdivided into five etiologic groups; prenatal, perinatal, postnatal, doubtful and cryptogenic. Those with delayed development before the onset of seizures, or neurological abnormalities at the first visit had significantly less chance of being seizure free and attaining normal mental and physical development. The prognosis for seizures and mental and physical development was much better in the patients with brief, symmetric, generalized tonic and/or clonic convulsions. This was also true with cryptogenic cases. There was a significant correlation between the initial EEGs and the long-term prognosis for mental and physical development and seizure control. Normal EEG was associated with a good prognosis. From these data, the neurodevelopmental status before the onset, the clinical features of convulsions and EEG findings in the infantile period were demonstrated to be important prognostic factors in addition to etiology. PMID- 6660418 TI - Photo-evoked eyelid microvibration (blink reflex elicited by flash stimuli) in newborns and children. AB - The orbicularis oculi muscle contracts in response to photic stimulation. It was recorded as the microvibration of the eyelid contraction and it is called the photo-evoked eyelid microvibration (MV). MV was recorded using a special transducer on the central part of the upper eyelid from 167 subjects free of any neurological abnormalities. One G of the vibration was converted into 100 mV. The normal value was shown in newborns and children. The latency was 171.0 +/- 30.5 msec in newborns, 70.3 +/- 12.3 msec in 4 to 5 year-olds, 46.3 +/- 11.2 msec in 7 to 8 year-olds and 57.0 +/- 4.9 msec in adults. The latency of MV became shortened with growth. It is thought that the shortening of the latency during maturation is related to the myelination of the brainstem reticular formation and the maturation of the retina. PMID- 6660419 TI - Low cerebral perfusion pressure: an indicator of poor prognosis in asphyxiated term infants. AB - To establish the value of monitoring cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) as an index for outcome in acutely ill neonates, blood pressure and intracranial pressure (ICP) were monitored in 44 sick newborn infants. ICP was measured via the fontanel using a noninvasive technique. The results indicate that CPP was similar in preterm hyaline membrane disease infants with intracranial bleed and in those without bleed. In term asphyxiated infants, CPP correlated with outcome; 86% of those with low CPP either died or developed cerebral palsy and 75% of those with normal CPP were neurologically normal. We feel that low CPP in asphyxiated term infants must be viewed with concern. PMID- 6660420 TI - Glutamic acid decarboxylase in cerebrospinal fluid in infancy and childhood. Part I. Glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in cerebrospinal fluid of normal infants and children. AB - Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of normal infants (n:14) and children (n:28) was determined by measuring the amount of 14CO2 released from L-[1-14C]-glutamic acid. The mean GAD activity in CSF of infants and children was 5.2 +/- 2.5 pmol CO2 formed/hr/ml. Dividing these subjects into 4 groups according to age, GAD activities in CSF were 5.4 +/- 1.6 pmol CO2 formed/hr/ml in neonates (0-1 m), 3.6 +/- 1.6 pmol CO2 formed/hr/ml in infants (2-12 m), 3.9 +/- 1.1 pmol CO2 formed/hr/ml in young children (2-6 yr) and 7.1 +/- 2.3 pmol CO2 formed/hr/ml in school children (7-16 yr), respectively. In neonates and school children, GAD activities were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than those in the other age groups. In infants under 6 months of age, a significantly negative correlation between GAD activity in CSF and their ages was recognized (r = -0.52, p less than 0.001). In infants and children ranging from 6 months to 16 years of age, a significantly positive correlation between GAD activity in CSF and their ages was found (r = 0.67, p less than 0.001). These data suggest that high GAD activity in neonates may be due to hypoxia at birth and the activity gradually increases from 6 months to 15 years of age. PMID- 6660421 TI - Glutamic acid decarboxylase in cerebrospinal fluid in infancy and childhood Part II. Glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in cerebrospinal fluid of children with neurological diseases. AB - Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined in 53 patients with neurological diseases as follows: Epilepsy (n:17), febrile convulsions (n:3), meningoencephalitis (n:17), encephalopathies (n:10), CNS leukemia (n:3), congenital hydrocephalus (n:2) and pseudoileus neonatorum (n:1). Compared with the mean normal value (5.2 +/- 2.5 pmol CO2 formed/hr/ml) reported in Part I, a significant increase of GAD activity in CSF was demonstrated in patients with uncontrolled epileptic seizures (11.4 +/- 3.9 pmol CO2 formed/hr/ml), febrile convulsions (13.5 +/- 8.7), viral meningitis with or without encephalitis (20.3 +/- 13.6), encephalopathies (30.0 +/- 25.9), CNS leukemia (11.1 +/- 5.0), congenital hydrocephalus (20.5 +/- 7.3) and pseudoileus neonatorum (28.6). Markedly high GAD activity was found in patients with CNS leukemia several days after intrathecal injection of methotrexate (39.8 +/- 18.0). On the other hand, significantly low GAD activity was shown in patients with bacterial meningitis or brain abscess (1.3 +/- 1.2). This suggests that some bacterial factors may be inhibitory toward GAD activity in CSF. High GAD activity in CSF may be useful as an indicator of aseptic brain dysfunction, although it was not always correlated with the severity of symptoms. PMID- 6660422 TI - Acute hemiplegia with lacunar infarct after varicella infection in childhood. AB - We report 4 cases of acute hemiplegia and a small low-density lesion on computerized tomography (CT) after varicella infection. In 3 of them, CT in the acute hemiplegic stage, and later, reveals the development of lacunar infarct around the internal capsule. Focal low density may be caused by occlusive vascular lesions of the penetrating arteries. Varicella infection may play an important role as one of the causes of acute hemiplegia in childhood producing lacunar infarct, as well as delayed hemiplegia, reported previously in herpes zoster ophthalmicus. PMID- 6660423 TI - Bilateral intracranial granulomas as a complication of infected subdural peritoneal shunt. AB - Intracranial granuloma in childhood is considered to be a very rare disorder. A three-year-old child is described who had bilateral intracranial granulomas originating from the ends of bilateral subdural-peritoneal shunts. Serial computerized tomographic examinations revealed variable and peculiar findings. Since subdural-peritoneal shunt is used in neonate, intracranial granuloma must be considered as a potential complication of unremoved subdural-peritoneal shunt. PMID- 6660424 TI - An association of subtotal cerebellar agenesis with organoid nevus--a possible new variety of neurocutaneous syndrome. AB - A quite unique patient aged 13, characterized by a combination of organoid nevus on the left scalp and subtotal cerebellar agenesis accompanied by hypoplasia of the pons and midbrain, was reported. Cardinal clinical features consisted of nonprogressive cerebellar manifestations including intention tremor and ataxia, speech and visual disturbance and mental retardation. An electronystagmogram demonstrated periodic alternating nystagmus. A clinical diagnosis of cerebellar agenesis in this case was made through the demonstration of characteristic features in metrizamide CT and midline sagittal tomography of metrizamide cisternography of the posterior fossa. An extensive review of the literature revealed three papers dealing with organoid nevus associated with various neurological abnormalities, but no single case with a similar combination of cutaneous organoid nevus and cerebellar agenesis had been reported. PMID- 6660425 TI - Brain function estimated from the ratio of glutamine to homocarnosine levels in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The ratio of glutamine to homocarnosine (G/H ratio) in CSF of children with meningeal pathology or convulsions was measured and the following results were obtained. 1. The mean G/H ratio of normal subjects was 83.0 +/- 41.4. 2. The mean G/H ratios of the patients with bacterial meningitis and meningeal leukemia were 115.9 +/- 81.9 and 115.2 +/- 49.2, respectively. Significant differences were found between those in normal subjects and these diseases. 3. The mean G/H ratio of the patients with viral meningitis was 80.0 +/- 35.1 and no significant difference was found between normal subjects and these patients. 4. The mean G/H ratios in the patients with controlled versus uncontrolled epilepsy were 130.9 +/ 67.1 and 74.8 +/- 49.4, respectively. A significant difference was found between normal subjects and the patients with controlled epilepsy. 5. The mean G/H ratio in the patients with febrile convulsions was 46.5 +/- 6.3. A significant difference was found between normal subjects and these patients. These data suggest that a high G/H ratio in CSF may indicate the excited state of the brain. PMID- 6660426 TI - Low serum cholic acid concentration of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Serum bile acids of 15 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The serum cholic acid values were unusually low (0.16 +/- 0.13 microM), even less than 0.01 microgram/ml in 4, compared with controls (1.47 +/- 0.17 microM). HDL-cholesterol was within normal limits. The low concentration of serum cholic acid may be causative of abnormal calcium mobilization in DMD. The intracellular calcium mobilization seems to be affected by serum cholic acid as indicated by the enhanced rate of loss of intracellular calcium from the muscle exposed to cholic acid, which acts as a calcium-ionophore and reversibly forms soluble complexes with calcium ions. PMID- 6660427 TI - Suprabasal acantholysis. A common biological feature of distinct inflammatory diseases. AB - Suprabasal acantholysis, a common feature of several inflammatory skin diseases, develops exclusively within the germinative cellular pool of the epidermis. The process induces repair mechanisms by proliferation of cells in the suprabasal layers in whatever conditions it occurs, except in pemphigus vulgaris. Dyskeratotic acantholytic cells do not synthesize histidine-rich keratohyaline. Acantholysis with dyskeratosis is a peculiar type of death that affects cells that are probably engaged principally in proliferation. PMID- 6660428 TI - Inverted follicular keratosis is a distinct follicular tumor. PMID- 6660429 TI - Inverted follicular keratosis. A morbus sui generis? PMID- 6660430 TI - Keratoma incognita. PMID- 6660431 TI - An overview of immune-mediated mucocutaneous diseases of the dog and cat. I. Diseases based on allergic reactions. PMID- 6660432 TI - The spongiform pustule of Haslund. PMID- 6660433 TI - Things are not always what they are assumed to be. PMID- 6660434 TI - Total and specific IgE in serum, bronchial lavage and bronchoalveolar lavage of asthmatic patients. AB - Total and specific IgE were assessed in serum, bronchial lavage (BL) and broncho alveolar lavage (BAL) of allergic asthmatics and healthy controls. Serum total IgE were found to be correlated with total IgE in BAL but not in BL. Total IgE/K+ ratio in serum and BL was higher in asthmatics than in controls, while the total IgE/albumin ratio was significantly higher in asthmatics than in controls in serum but not in BL and BAL. The mean of specific IgE in serum and BL was significantly higher in the group of patients with positive specific bronchial provocation test (sBPT) than in the group with negative sBPT. Similar results were observed between specific IgE serum level and BL and prick tests (PT), which show that BL does not always reflect the total IgE level of serum; in asthmatics, albumin can not be used to determine the degree of dilution in the recovered fluids; as in the serum, there is agreement between specific IgE in BL and PT or sPBT results. PMID- 6660435 TI - Intranasal verapamil in allergen-induced rhinitis. AB - Twenty-six pollen-allergic subjects participated in a double-blind, placebo controlled trial of the protective effect of the calcium antagonist, verapamil, on allergen-provoked nasal symptoms. Intranasal verapamil, 1 mg. had a weak protective effect in that "tickling score" was 22% lower (P less than 0.01) and the number of sneezes 29% lower (nonsignificant) after verapamil as compared with placebo pretreatment. There were no differences with regard to nasal blockage or discharge. It is concluded that the verapamil spray used, cannot be recommended for clinical trials, but that further investigations of other formulations of calcium antagonist are justified in order to analyse the potential role of this type of drugs in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. PMID- 6660436 TI - Increased IgM-type betalactoglobulin antibodies in children with recurrent otitis media. AB - Total concentrations of IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE, precipitating antibodies to cow milk, milk-specific IgE, as well as anti-milk antibodies and betalactoglobulin antibodies of the IgA, IgG and IgM classes determined by the ELISA method were studied and compared in children with recurrent otitis media, and children who had never had otitis. The children with recurrent otitis had a higher total IgE at 1 year of age and a higher total IgM at 3 years. The only difference in milk specific antibodies was an increased titre of betalactoglobulin antibodies of IgM type in children with recurrent otitis. This new finding suggests that immunological mechanisms might play a part in recurrent otitis, which has been shown to be more common in bottle-fed than in breast-fed infants. So far, the role of betalactoglobulin antibodies in the pathogenesis of otitis media remains uncertain. PMID- 6660437 TI - Hypersensitivity to foods among birch pollen-allergic patients. Immunochemical inhibition studies for evaluation of possible mechanisms. AB - Several statistical investigations have indicated that an immunological partial identity might exist between birch pollen an some foods because of the existence of concurrent hypersensitivity symptoms to both sources. In order to study this, two groups of BP (birch pollen)-allergic patients (20 with (F+) and 20 without (F ) food hypersensitivity) were skin prick tested with extracts of various foods prepared in different ways. Sera from these patients were inhibited with different foods, including a lectin, Con A (concanavalin A), before analysis in BP-RAST and -CRIE. Corresponding experiments using sera from grass pollen allergics were performed as controls. The two groups of patients showed identical skin reactivities to BP extract whereas the F+ patients bound twice as much BP specific IgE in RAST and CRIE as the F- patients. BP-RAST performed with sera from F+ patients were in some cases inhibited with foods and Con A; corresponding BP-CRIE were not. Neither BP-RAST (with one exception) nor -CRIE performed with sera from F- patients were inhibited with foods and Con A. TP (timothy pollen) RAST performed with sera from timothy allergic patients were inhibited with some foods and with Con A; corresponding TP-CRIE were not. Controls performed on sera from normal individuals revealed no inhibition at all in the BP and TP systems. As no direct evidence for immunological partial identity was found from these results the clinical hypersensitivity against some foods among BP-allergics are discussed particularly regarding content of lectin in foods and common carbohydrate components in pollen allergens and food molecules. PMID- 6660438 TI - Comparison of a sustained-release preparation (Theo-Dur) with a conventional preparation (Nuelin) in the treatment of chronic asthma. AB - In a double-blind, cross-over trial comprising 19 adult asthmatic patients a sustained-release preparation of theophylline (Theo-Dur), given twice daily, was compared with a conventional fast-release preparation (Nuelin), given three times daily. The theophylline doses were individually titrated to give plasma concentrations in the lower region of the therapeutic interval. The sustained release preparation gave higher morning theophylline concentrations than the fast release preparation (9.2 vs 5.9 mg/l). This resulted in somewhat higher morning peak flow values during Theo-Dur treatment. However, the difference in asthma symptoms was not significant and the patients showed no preference for either preparation. We conclude that the advantage of a sustained-release preparation over a conventional fast-release theophylline preparation is the lower dosing frequency rather than the better clinical effect in patients who suffer from chronic asthma, but whose disease is in a relatively stable phase. PMID- 6660439 TI - [The use of bronchofibroscopy in intensive care]. AB - The bronchofibroscope has enabled the exploration of new avenues of diagnosis and treatment in intensive-care medicine. Its proper use depends on correct indication and conscientious and careful maintenance. This paper presents, first of all, the most essential technical and maintenance measures required in handling the bronchofibroscope. This is followed by a detailed description of the therapeutic use of the instrument in bronchial lavage with instillation of salbutamol, and of the more recent methods of broncho-alveolar lavage and high frequency ventilation. Finally, indications for bronchofibroscopy in surgery and internal medicine and as an intubation aid are described. PMID- 6660440 TI - [Experiences with high-frequency jet ventilation in operations of the larynx and trachea]. AB - 60 ENT patients were ventilated with the high frequency jet ventilation method, using endotracheal catheters during 50 cases of laryngeal and 10 cases of tracheal surgery. Ventilation was carried out with equipment of type MK 800 (Acutronic Ltd.) using the following parameters; rate: 150/min, insufflation time: 30-40%, pressure: 0.7-2.1 bar, and flow minute volume (FMV) 7-23 1. Anaesthesia was carried out with flunitrazepam or diazepam, fentanyl and succinylcholine. Surgical view was very good indeed, thanks to the thin jet catheter (4.7 mm outer diameter) in the trachea. At the low "tidal volumes" and intratracheal pressure changes when a rate of 150/min was used, no movement of the vocal cords was seen, so that microsurgery was easy to perform. There were no cases of hypoxia. The median pO2 value was 193 mm Hg. When a flow minute volume of 200 ml/kg was used for patients with normal lung function, and 250 ml/kg for those with impaired function, ventilation was quite adequate. The quality of ventilation should always be checked, and corrected as necessary, by blood gas analyses. Hypoventilation occurred when the FMV was less than 250 ml/kg in patients with decreased lung function, when the tip of the catheter was inserted into a mainstem bronchus or near to the tracheostoma, or when gas escape was obstructed. Unhampered gas escape must be present at all times, because otherwise intratracheal pressure rises and ventilation becomes insufficient. If the pressure increase is marked under these circumstances it can even lead to a pneumothorax. PMID- 6660441 TI - [Antibiotic therapy in severe infections]. AB - The problems of selecting antibiotics for hospital use from the broad variety offered, and the problems of what is often necessarily a non-specific initial therapy, are discussed. A review is given of groups of antibiotics which are important for hospital therapy such as penicillins, aminoglycosides, metronidazole and cephalosporins. Firstly the range of effects of the individual groups of antibiotics is summarized in a simplified form from which the indications are then derived. In discussing the clinical use of antibiotics special importance is attached to initial therapy prior to or in the absence of identification of the pathogens in fatal infectious diseases. From this aspect the therapy for pneumonia, peritonitis, sepsis and urosepsis as well as meningitis is discussed. The small number of indications for the prophylactic use of antibiotics is briefly dealt with. Finally a selection of antibiotics necessary for hospital therapy is presented. PMID- 6660442 TI - [Transdermal scopolamine for postoperative vomiting: a new form of premedication?]. AB - The author has used scopolamine-TTS, a fundamentally new therapeutic system, exclusively as anti-emetic premedication in 100 patients undergoing surgery with anaesthesia. Application is simple and non-invasive. The results are encouraging: in the first 12 hours after operation the antiemetic therapy had to be extended with i.V.-domperidone because of insufficient effect in only 9% of the patients. 24 hours later still 8% of the patients had slight nausea without vomiting. Slight side effects (delayed waking, accommodation disturbances, dry mouth) occurred in 3 to 30% of the patients. The transdermal therapeutic system opens basically new pharmacological and clinical perspectives. PMID- 6660443 TI - [Donor nephrectomy]. AB - Using 76 protocols of anaesthesia for donor nephrectomy from 1976 to 1982, the early selection of a possible cadaver kidney-donor and the requirements for donation are reported as well as measures of ascertaining cerebral death, possibilities to obtain the consent for donation and the course and organization of donor nephrectomy. Own experiences show that cadaver nephrectomy can be carried out without any disturbance of the routine operative program. The task of the anaesthesiologist is not specific but related to the fundamental knowledge of his specialty. Amelioration of the organization and the operative technique (in situ perfusion) shorten the amount of time, medicaments and infusions to be administered by all cooperating medical and paramedical personnel. PMID- 6660444 TI - [Perioperative therapy in juvenile pheochromocytoma]. AB - The article reports on the paediatric-anaesthesiological treatment of 6 phaeochromocytomas in 5 children who were 8 to 16 years of age. Therapeutic recommendations for the perioperative medication of infantile phaeochromocytoma patients are involved. The therapeutic aim of this study was the management of the effects of phaeochromocytoma before and after extirpation of the tumour, the effect of the phaeochromocytoma being of an alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic cardiovascular nature and transmitted by catecholamines. Preoperative stabilization of blood pressure by means of the alpha-blocker phenoxybenzamine and a subsequent intraoperative, controlled reduction of blood pressure by means of sodium nitroprusside were found to be an effective, safe and easily appreciated therapeutic concept for the perioperative care of paediatric phaeochromocytoma patients. Considerable individual differences in dose an duration of the necessary preoperative phenoxybenzamine administration rendered ward control of therapy recommendable. The risk of complete alpha-sympathicolysis by additive drug effects during premedication and induction of anaesthesia, had to be taken into consideration for conducting phenoxybenzamine therapy. Additional administration of the beta-blocker pindolol successfully controlled the intraoperatively manifested tachycardial heart rhythm phases without provoking any complicating arrhythmias. During the entire perioperative treatment of the patients it is mandatory to ensure sufficient substitution of intravascular volume to prevent hypotensive complications. Our patients did not need any cardiac and sympathicomimetic drugs as postoperative administration. None of the patients had any perioperative complications worth mentioning. PMID- 6660445 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia - therapy results with dantrolene. A case report]. AB - A 5-year-old previously healthy girl, received general anaesthesia for performing an appendectomy. After administration of succinyl choline (20 mg, twice repeated) and halothane (increasing to 2 per cent by volume), the following symptoms of malignant hyperthermia became manifest during anaesthesia: rigor, tachycardia, cardiac dysrhythmia, temperature increase to 42.6 degrees C; anaesthesia was effected with 2 litres O2/min, 4 litres N2O/min, halothane 1.5-2 per cent by volume, using the Kuhn system. Cooling reduced the temperature at first to 40.6 degrees C and subsequently, with additional intravenous administration of dantrolene (initially rapidly 20 mg equal 1 mg/kg body weight, then 10 mg/kg body weight X 24 hrs) within an hour to 37.5 degrees C. The postoperative phase was uncomplicated. The pattern of symptoms and therapy are critically reviewed. Basing on the cases described in literature, as known to the authors, the value of dantrolene in respect of treatment of malignant hypothermia in man is reviewed. PMID- 6660446 TI - [Esophagus perforation in children]. AB - A case of oesophageal perforation after extraction of a foreign body from the hypopharynx of a 14-month-old boy is reported. General anaesthesia is shown to be of high importance for the extraction of foreign bodies in infants. PMID- 6660447 TI - [Tuberculous meningitis in intensive care]. AB - A case of tuberculous meningitis in a 2-year-old boy is reported. The main critical care problems are irregular breathing, raised intracranial pressure and syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Cranial CT-Scan and ventricular shunting are shown to be of high importance for this disease. PMID- 6660448 TI - [Tumors of the chest wall]. PMID- 6660449 TI - [Cooperative phenomena in biology]. PMID- 6660450 TI - [Injuries of the diaphragm]. PMID- 6660451 TI - [Functional analysis of the 1st synapse of the visual pathway in tetrapods]. PMID- 6660452 TI - [Balneologic therapy and biopsychological identity]. PMID- 6660453 TI - [Juvenile bleeding fibroangiomas of the rhinopharynx. Pathological anatomy]. PMID- 6660455 TI - Choice reaction time. A method of measuring postoperative psychomotor performance decrements. AB - Postoperative psychomotor performance changes were measured in three groups of thirteen subjects using a portable serial four-choice reaction time apparatus. Anaesthesia consisted of either thiopentone, nitrous oxide and halothane (thiopentone subjects) or methohexitone and fentanyl/nitrous oxide and incremental methohexitone (methohexitone subjects). Tests were performed on the day before operation and after 2, 4, 6, 8 and approximately 24 hours recovery on both groups of patients and at approximately the same times on nonoperated control patients. Control subjects' mean four-choice reaction time decreased steadily with practice such that the difference between first and last tests was statistically significant. Mean four-choice reaction times of thiopentone and methohexitone subjects increased from 515 to 550 ms and 552 to 600 ms respectively after 2 hours recovery. Subsequently four-choice reaction times decreased in both groups although methohexitone subjects were still significantly slower than controls after 6 hours. Thiopentone subjects were slower than controls at 2, 4 and 8 hours recovery. There was no difference between the three groups of subjects after 24 hours recovery. PMID- 6660454 TI - The effect of age on recovery. A comparison of the kinetics of thiopentone and Althesin. AB - Eighty unpremedicated patients undergoing dilatation and curettage were randomly allocated to receive induction of anaesthesia with either Althesin or thiopentone prior to maintenance with nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane. Patients in each group were divided into those under 50 years ('young') or over 50 years ('old'). Recovery was assessed by the time taken to opening their eyes, to give correct date of birth and to achieve their baseline ability of manipulative skill with a children's post box toy. There was no difference in the time taken to open eyes or give correct birth date whether the patients received Althesin or thiopentone, or whether they were 'young' or 'old'. An age-related difference emerged with the post box test in patients who had received thiopentone, the older patients recovery time being increased from 28.5 minutes to 45.1 minutes. There was no difference between the old and young patients who received Althesin in the time taken to complete the post box test. PMID- 6660456 TI - Epidural analgesia in labour and maternal posture. AB - The effect of maternal position in the period immediately following epidural administration on analgesia and side effects was examined during labour. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups and were either turned from left to right lateral position within 5 minutes of bupivacaine administration (n = 35), or kept in the supine position, modified as appropriate, until pain relief or side effects indicated a change (n = 35). There was no significant difference between the two groups in onset or duration of analgesia, the need for supplements or in absorption of bupivacaine. Circulatory disturbances, all mild and transient, were seen in 14 patients (eight lateral, six supine). There was no significant difference between the two groups either in the frequency of hypotension (four lateral, five supine) or of fetal heart deterioration (four lateral, three supine). However motor block occurred in 15 of the lateral group and five supine (p less than 0.02). Such differences are not thought sufficient to counterbalance the potential circulatory disadvantage of the supine position. PMID- 6660457 TI - Air aspirated from the venous system during total hip replacement. AB - In order to demonstrate the presence of air embolism during total hip replacement surgery six patients, chosen at random, were examined with an ultrasound probe placed over the right atrium. In five patients, the characteristic double cardiac sound coming from the ultrasound probe changed into an irregular rattling sound as the femoral cement started generating its maximum hardening heat. In two patients this change was also heard simultaneously with the insertion of the femoral prosthesis. In four patients in whom catheters were placed in the right atrium it was possible to aspirate a maximum of 3 ml air from the right atrium. During the cementation of acetabulum, no change in the signal, coming from the ultrasound probe, was registered. It is probable that air is formed in the venous system during the insertion and cementation of a femoral prosthesis. The resulting air embolism is presumed to be the cause of the massive, but generally very brief impairment of the central circulation and the lungs seen during a hip arthroplasty. In the case of patients undergoing anaesthesia with N2O, the N2O should be removed before the cementation, it is also recommended that the right atrium be catheterised, in order to reduce the risk of this complication. PMID- 6660458 TI - Plasma concentrations of atropine after rectal administration. AB - The rectal administration of the premedication for children is often preferred in order to minimise discomfort. The appropriate dose of atropine when rectally administered is poorly documented. In this study six children weighing between 7.5 and 41 kg were given 0.02 mg atropine sulphate/kg rectally and four children were given the same doses intramuscularly. Plasma concentrations of atropine were analysed at several intervals after administration by a modified mass fragmentographic method accurate to 0.1 ng/ml. Peak plasma concentration of atropine, reached after 15 minutes, was 0.7 ng/ml, compared with 2.40 ng/ml reached after 5 minutes for the intramuscular route. The relation between intramuscular and rectal peak concentration was 3.2:1. PMID- 6660459 TI - Cardiac dysrhythmia associated with general anaesthesia for oral surgery. Its prevention by the prophylactic use of an oral beta-adrenergic blocker. AB - Ninety patients, divided randomly into three groups, received either no metoprolol, 50 mg or 100 mg metoprolol as an oral premedication. The electrocardiogram was monitored throughout the procedure. It was found that both doses of metoprolol significantly reduced the incidence of cardiac dysrhythmia. PMID- 6660460 TI - Glycopyrrolate: pharmacology and clinical use. AB - This is a review of glycopyrrolate whose function in clinical practice is compared with that of atropine. PMID- 6660462 TI - Inhalation of ammonia vapour. A report on the management of eight patients during the acute stages. AB - Eight men were admitted to hospital following exposure to gaseous ammonia at a local factory. They were divided into three groups, according to their clinical condition. The clinical findings, chest radiographs and treatment are discussed. One case was very severely injured. His management is discussed in detail. He required mechanical ventilation, positive end expiratory pressure and tracheostomy. The toxic effects of ammonia gas are discussed. A review of the literature is included. It was concluded that ammonia is an extremely irritant gas, capable of producing severe damage to all levels of the respiratory tract which may result in clinical impairment of respiratory function, ranging from mild to fatal. Prolonged respiratory support may be required. Superinfection may cause a late deterioration in those severely affected. PMID- 6660461 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy and intracranial aneurysm. Prevention of blood pressure elevation in a normotensive patient by hydralazine and propranolol. AB - A 42-year-old normotensive woman developed a severe mental depression 6 months after an operation for intracranial aneurysm. The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was judged to be of vital importance. By concurrent administration of intravenous hydralazine and propranolol before induction of anaesthesia the normally occurring ECT-induced blood pressure elevation was completely prevented, and the patient received a series of ten ECTs without complications. PMID- 6660464 TI - Hypersensitivity reactions to infusions of Althesin. PMID- 6660463 TI - Intramuscular and oral midazolam. Some factors influencing uptake. AB - Intramuscular midazolam is better absorbed than when given orally. Addition of hyaluronidase to the injection significantly increases uptake but causes a high incidence of pain at the injection site. Concurrent administration of oral midazolam and metoclopramide does not increase its uptake. PMID- 6660465 TI - Potential hazard of a gas-scavenger. PMID- 6660466 TI - Temporary anchorage of intravenous giving-sets during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 6660467 TI - Hydrothorax following internal vein cannulation. PMID- 6660468 TI - An unusual cause for difficult intubation. PMID- 6660469 TI - Low dose intrathecal morphine for caesarean section. PMID- 6660470 TI - Epidural blood patch. PMID- 6660471 TI - Monitoring total intravenous anaesthesia. PMID- 6660472 TI - A pulsemeter hazard. PMID- 6660473 TI - BOC cylinder valve keys and tight valves. PMID- 6660474 TI - [Intubation injuries of the larynx and trachea--etiology, forms, therapy and endoscopic control for prevention]. AB - Severe intubation injuries of the larynx and trachea are usually caused by prolonged intubation, particularly if the primary intubation was difficult. Due to the persisting, time-consuming therapeutic problems, tracheal and laryngeal stenoses are among the most-feared sequelae of long-term intubation. Therefore many laryngologists reject endotracheal intubation for prolonged respiratory support and recommend an early tracheostomy. Advances in respiration techniques and in the development of tissue-compatible tubes with low pressure cuffs permit, in our opinion, prolonged intubation if this is controlled by repeated endoscopic examination to recognize lesions at an early, still reversible, stage. PMID- 6660475 TI - [The anxiety process under various high doses of thalamonal for premedication]. AB - In this study special attention was paid to the individual anxiety--and coping process. 101 patients in a general hospital were premedicated with Innovar in different high dosages with and without Atropine. The four Innovar-groups were referred to a Dolantin/Atosilgroup. The results show that during the preoperative period the intensity of anxiety did not depend on premedication alone. Premedication was effective in reducing anxiety only in those patients who were aware of their somatic excitation at least to a certain degree. The preoperative anxiety process was also influenced by factors, like negative experience with anaesthesia and premedication, a negative attitude towards any kind of sedative and specific intrapsychic coping styles. PMID- 6660477 TI - [Autotransfusion with the Sorensen apparatus]. AB - Since 1980 in Wurzburg the Sorensen autotransfusion unit has been clinically used in 47 patients (35 vascular, 11 trauma patients, one with arterial bleeding after BII, one with aneurysm of the a. pericallosa) and tested to study its practicability, its advantages and disadvantages. Within the laboratory data there was a small decrease of hemoglobin, hematocrit and blood platelets, as well as of the "Quick" and AT-3. PTT and thrombin-time persisted unchanged, as did the results of electrolytes, parameters of renal and liver function, and the status of blood gas analysis. Free hemoglobin i.s. or i.u. was found in three patients with extremely high volume autotransfusions. The autotransfusion unit is convenient, easy to use and reliable. However, it is only suitable for the reinfusion of blood when hemorrhage is moderate and not severe. Hemothorax blood can be used only when adequate anti-fibrinolytic therapy is guaranteed. Nevertheless, the use of the Sorensen autotransfusion unit within the named diagnoses can achieve a precious contribution for saving homologous blood. PMID- 6660476 TI - [Effect of fentanyl, diazepam and flunitrazepam on memory function. A pharmacopsychologic study]. AB - This study was designed to differentiate possible amnesic effects of diazepam, flunitrazepam and fentanyl into impairment of storage, retention or retrieval of information and to correlate them with alterations in a vigilance task. 4 groups of 7 volunteers each were studied in a double-blind, random fashion. They performed a quasi continuous word recognition task i.e. after a preload list of 150 words played on a tape they had to indicate if the following words (grouped into 10 blocks of 100 words each) were new ones or had occurred already. Interposed were measurements of reaction time to a visual stimulus, and of concentration and short-time memory. During the experiment, unknown to the test person, diazepam 10 mg/70 kg, flunitrazepam 1 mg/70 kg, fentanyl 0.15 mg/70 kg or placebo were infused over 3 min. For evaluation of the word recognition task the d' index drawn from signal detection theory was employed. The results clearly indicated that both benzodiazepines specifically impair memory function the effect of flunitrazepam being more pronounced and longer in duration. Since retrieval of information learnt before administration of either drug was completely unaffected it was concluded that both drugs specifically influence encoding and registration of information. Reaction times were not significantly altered after diazepam, whereas they were prolonged by more than 50% after flunitrazepam indicating a pronounced sedative action of this drug. However, even during this period of maximal effect of flunitrazepam, recognition of words first presented prior to injection was not impaired.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6660478 TI - [Percutaneous-peripheral vena cava catheterization in intensive care of premature and newborn infants. Comparison of Shaw's silastic catheter with the customary polyvinyl catheter]. AB - Central venous catheters inserted via peripheral veins are commonly used in neonatal intensive care. Handling of two commonly available catheters made of different materials were compared during application in 85 neonates under intensive care. Polyvinylchloride and silicone rubber were used as catheter material. Advantages of silicone rubber catheter were detected especially in very low birth weight premature infants. Successful puncture of the peripheral veins and correct positioning could be performed in a higher proportion of these babies than when using polyvinylchloride-catheters. The insertion of polyvinyl-catheters needs shorter time of manipulation and during infusion we found a significantly lower incidence of mechanical problems with the catheter. PMID- 6660479 TI - [Massive thrombosis caused by a Shaldon catheter for long-term hemodialysis and plasmapheresis via the vena jugularis interna]. AB - We report two cases of thrombosis of the internal jugular vein which occurred after prolonged cannulation of the vein by a Shaldon-catheter for acute haemodialysis. In one case this complication provoked cerebral oedema and death of the patient. In the second case the thrombosis of the internal jugular vein was confirmed by autopsy and documented by photography but did not affect the fate of the patient. Yoffa's supraclavicular approach to the subclavian vein is discussed as an alternative. PMID- 6660480 TI - Detection of picomole levels of hydroperoxides using a fluorescent dichlorofluorescein assay. AB - A highly sensitive fluorometric method for the quantitation of cholesterol, lipid, and other hydroperoxides at the picomole level is described. The method is based on the oxidation of dichlorofluoroscin to the fluorescent dichlorofluoroscein by hydroperoxide and hematin under mild conditions. A 1:1 stoichiometry is observed between the hydroperoxide added and the dichlorofluoroscein produced. Since endoperoxides (e.g., PGH2) do not react in the assay, they do not interfere in the determination of lipid hydroperoxides. PMID- 6660481 TI - Separation of hemoglobin types by cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The use of a recently developed cation-exchange HPLC packing material for the separation of hemoglobin types in human blood has been investigated. Adult and newborn hemolysates from normal individuals and from subjects with hemoglobin disorders were analyzed using a weak cation carboxymethyl-bonded phase on 5 micron-particle-size silica. Elution was accomplished using a Bistris (2-[bis(2 hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1, 3-propanediol) gradient. Seven well resolved HbA1 fractions eluted before the major HbA peak. Hbs A1a, A1b, A1c and an HbA1 fraction that increased with aging of the hemolysates were separately eluted. HbF when present or when added to the hemolysates eluted as a distinct peak. HbA was followed by Hbs A2, S, and C when present. An early-eluting peak corresponding to Hb Bart's was identified in newborn hemolysates. It is concluded that cation-exchange HPLC provides a new tool for the reliable separation of minor hemoglobin components. PMID- 6660482 TI - Pantothenase-based assay of pantothenic acid. AB - Pantothenic acid from various sources can be measured in concentrations from about 10 microM to 20 mM by using a specific enzyme, pantothenase. The method is based on the transfer of [14C]beta-alanine to the pantothenate via an acyl-enzyme intermediate (a beta-alanine-exchange reaction): (formula; see text) Although the reaction is inhibited by some compounds, the method can be used for the assay of pantothenate in many biological samples if an internal pantothenate standard is used. PMID- 6660483 TI - A radiotechnique suitable for the detection of octopine synthesis in crown-gall tissues grown in vitro. AB - An improved method for the detection of octopine in Crown-gall tissues and in shoots regenerated from these tissues has been devised using [14C]arginine as a precursor. By using bidimensional chromatography followed by autoradiography, very small amounts of octopine can be clearly detected in tumors grown in vitro. Using this method, octopine was detected in tumor tissues when usual techniques were not sensitive enough. PMID- 6660484 TI - The effect of sample composition and vial type on Cerenkov counting in a liquid scintillation counter. AB - The effect of sample vial type and sample composition on the Cerenkov count rate detected from 32P and 36Cl was studied using a liquid scintillation counter. When counting was done in the noncoincident mode, glass vials allowed higher counting efficiency than plastic vials. In the coincident mode light scattering caused by polyethylene and polyproplyene vials allowed higher counting efficiency than glass vials. Highest coincident counting efficiency was from plastic minivials in a glass carrier vial. Increased solute concentration in samples caused increased counting efficiency due to changes in the refractive index of the solution. This can cause significant counting efficiency changes with no sample channel ratio change in density gradient fractions. The use of wavelength shifters is shown to be inappropriate when the sample pH varies, as this can change the fluorescent properties of the shifters and thereby the observed count rate. PMID- 6660485 TI - Microanalysis of free and conjugated bile acids by thin-layer chromatography and in situ spectrofluorimetry. AB - A combination of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and in situ spectrofluorimetry for the determination of free bile acids and bile acids conjugated with glycine or taurine is described. This method makes it possible to determine bile acids concentrations as low as 0.15-0.25 nmol (0.05-0.1 microgram) in a simple and reproducible way. Moreover, information can be obtained about conjugation patterns and relative concentrations of mono-, di-, and trihydroxy bile acids as well as about the presence of abnormal bile acids. After TLC the bile acids are made visible in uv light by dipping the layer in sulfuric acid in diethyl ether and warming it under well-described conditions. The fluorescence of the bile acids on the thin layer can be measured and makes it possible to quantitate them. The method presented here is applicable to bile acid-containing extracts from serum, bile, and feces, and the results are in good agreement with those obtained by enzymatic and gas-liquid chromatographic techniques. PMID- 6660486 TI - A single-tube radioimmunoassay for the antiviral agent 2,6-diamino-9-(2 hydroxyethoxymethyl)purine (A134U). AB - A direct radioimmunoassay for the detection of A134U in biological fluids and extracts has been developed. The entire assay, including scintillation counting, is performed using 12 X 55-mm centrifuge tubes and results in a sensitive, reliable, and relatively inexpensive procedure. The log-logit transformation is linear over a range of 1 to 30 pmol per sample. Intra-assay precision was found to be excellent with a coefficient of variation ranging from 4.1 to 14.5% for the standard curve with plasma and a coefficient of variation ranging from 4.0 to 17.8% for the standard curve with urine. Interassay precision and accuracy were also found to be good. With the antisera chosen for use, no cross-reactivity was found with acyclovir or its two known metabolites, while some cross-reactivity was seen with the corresponding two derivatives of A134U. Only very minor cross reactivities were seen with a small number of other compounds out of a large number tested. PMID- 6660487 TI - The high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of diastereomers and structural analogs of angiotensins I and II. AB - Diastereomers, alpha- and beta-aspartic acid forms, and partial sequences of angiotensin I and II were resolved by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nearly all of the peptides which were examined contained significant amounts of peptides whose amino acid composition differed from the designated peptide. This chromatographic procedure combined with amino acid analysis clearly offers the investigator a rapid method for analyzing and quantifying the purity of angiotensins which are intended for use as reference substances for radioimmunoassay and biological assay. PMID- 6660488 TI - Comparison of three variations of the radioallergosorbent test-inhibition assay for measuring allergenic activity of grass pollen extracts. AB - Three variations of the radioallergosorbent (RAST)-inhibition assay (RI) have been compared for measuring the allergenic activity of grass pollen extracts. The main difference between the three assays consisted in the solid supports to which the allergens were coupled. These supports were paper disks, microcrystalline cellulose, and Matrex. It could be demonstrated that all three variations of RI yielded almost identical results as expressed by their F value (F0). Correlations between the three methods were highly significant (P less than 0.001). Three independent valid assays showed an excellent reproducibility of each test system (P less than 0.01). Three different preparations of each of the supports yielded highly reproducible F0 (0.76 +/- 3% SD). Evaluation of the 50% inhibition values achieved with the different assays based on protein showed differences between the three supports. Provided the same allergen extract is coupled to the different solid supports and the results are related to a reference preparation, different laboratories using different forms of RI will be able to compare their results. PMID- 6660489 TI - A polarographic method for the simultaneous determination of total glucosinolates and free glucose of cruciferous material. AB - A rapid method for the simultaneous analysis of total free glucose and total glucosinolates in aqueous extracts of cruciferous material is described. The technique, which appears suitable for plant-breeding programs as it allows the processing of more than 100 samples per day, involves the polarographic determination of O2 uptake of free glucose by a system of double-coupled enzymes, such as myrosinase-glucose oxidase. The method has advantages over current methods, because it is very rapid (4 min per analysis), allows two determinations for each analysis, and appears to be very reproducible, accurate, and sensitive. PMID- 6660490 TI - Size fractionation of thermal aggregates of immunoglobulin G. AB - Purified pooled human immunoglobulin G (IgG) in solution, when extensively heated at high temperatures or for long periods, irreversibly aggregates and insoluble precipitates result. However, when IgG solutions are heated in the temperature range 55-65 degrees C for more limited time periods, soluble turbid polydispersed aggregate mixtures are obtained. Gel filtration of such aggregate mixtures on calibrated Bio-Rad A-150m columns demonstrates a continuous size distribution from dimers to aggregates as large as 4 X 10(7) Da (200-mers) with no particular size predominant. Chromatographically reproducible cuts of narrow size heterogeneity can be obtained by short-time fraction collection. Elution-time reproducibility is excellent both for mixture and for individual cuts. Stability studies indicate that reproducible and stable aggregates may be made from purified IgG and that fractionated aggregates should be stored quick-frozen until needed. Sized IgG aggregates have proved useful in reactivity studies with rheumatoid factor, animal anti-IgG antibodies, and complement. PMID- 6660491 TI - Purification and separation of tomato isolectins by chromatofocusing. AB - Tomato lectin can be rapidly separated from a crude extract of tomato fruit proteins by chromatofocusing. The lectin is recovered from a PBE94 column in two peaks, each with a specific activity comparable to that of lectin purified by affinity chromatography on ovomucoid-Sepharose. Both isolectins consist of a single polypeptide chain (Mr 68,000) and have similar properties. PMID- 6660492 TI - Selective isolation of tryptophan-containing peptides by hydrophobicity modulation. AB - Tryptophan-containing peptides are selectively isolated from complex digests by taking advantage of changes in hydrophobicity and chromatographic mobility induced by reaction with o-nitrophenylsulfenyl chloride. The peptides are first located in crude fractions by monitoring the fluorescence during high-performance liquid chromatography and then chemically modified to facilitate their separation from contaminants during subsequent rechromatography. PMID- 6660493 TI - Quantitative determination of individual glycosaminoglycans in plasma by concanavalin A rocket electrophoresis. AB - A new one-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis method for the quantitation of glycosaminoglycans in biological samples has been described. In this procedure, concanavalin A, suspended in agarose gel, interacts with glycosaminoglycans such that rocket-like precipitin lines are formed. The area of the rocket is directly proportional to the glycosaminoglycan content of the sample. This procedure permits measurement of glycosaminoglycans in amounts as low as 0.5 nmol uronic acid equivalents with a coefficient of variation of only 8%. The described method has been applied to the determination of free heparan sulfate in plasma. This method can also be used to measure all high-charge glycosaminoglycans of biological interest. PMID- 6660494 TI - Electrophoresis of opioid peptides on columns with agarose suspension. AB - Opioid peptides have been fractionated by column electrophoresis in agarose suspension. The procedure provides a high resolution efficiency and compares favorably with high-performance liquid chromatography. Peptides were recovered from the column in 70% or higher yields when run in the femtomole to the nanomole range. By choosing different pHs it is possible to get complete resolution of a number of different endorphins. The electrophoreses were performed in volatile buffers, which are easily evaporated, and the residues are suitable for direct screening by radioreceptor- or radioimmunoassays. In combination with these assays the separation procedure makes it possible to detect and identify very low concentrations of endorphins in samples of biological origin. PMID- 6660495 TI - Characterization of a fluorescence assay to monitor changes in the aqueous volume of lipid vesicles. AB - The fluorescent compound, 4',5'-bis[N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)aminomethyl] fluorescein (calcein) has been characterized for use in lipid vesicle studies. Particularly useful is its reaction with Co2+, which results in fluorescence quenching. This is accompanied by about a 10-nm blue shift in the uv absorbance bands and a small reduction in the visible absorbance band. For vesicle studies, Co2+ may be combined with citrate, which does not significantly hinder calcein quenching by Co2+. It does augment the absorbance of the metal ion. No significant interaction of citrate X Co2+ with phosphatidylserine vesicles was observed. Zn2+ is capable of displacing Co2+ and restoring calcein fluorescence. Fluorescence quenching due to formation of the calcein X Co2+ complex can also be reversed with EDTA. Thus, calcein is the basis of some simple reactions which can be used to assay changes in the aqueous volume of lipid vesicles. PMID- 6660496 TI - Automated analysis of uronic acids by high-performance liquid chromatography with photometric and fluorimetric postcolumn labelling using 2-cyanoacetamide. AB - A convenient method for the rapid and sensitive automated analysis of uronic acids, based on high-performance anion-exchange chromatography on a Hitachi 2633 column and photometric as well as fluorimetric postcolumn labeling with 2 cyanoacetamide, has been developed. This method allows the simultaneous determination of 1-1000 nmol of D-mannuronic and D-galacturonic acids and 5-1000 nmol of L-iduronic and D-glucuronic acids in approx 70 min with high precision by photometric monitoring. In fluorimetric monitoring the linearity range was 1-1000 nmol for all these uronic acids, but reproducibility was rather low at the lowest limit of linearity. Application of this method to the analysis of component uronic acids in some polyuronides has suggested the inadequacy of generally accepted conditions for hydrolysis. PMID- 6660497 TI - An agarose gel resolving a wide range of DNA fragment lengths. AB - To resolve DNA fragments ranging from several kilobases to some tens of base pairs in length, an agarose slab gel of steadily increasing thickness has been designed. During electrophoresis a gradient of decreasing electric-field strength is generated throughout the gel from the cathode end to the anode end. Shorter fragments which migrate further are decelerated, resulting in an increased linearity of the relationship between mobility and molecular weight. PMID- 6660498 TI - Automated assay of creatinine in serum as simplified by the use of immobilized enzymes, creatinine deiminase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. AB - A method for the automated analysis of creatinine in serum using immobilized enzymes in column form which does not require a blank correction and can be run in a single buffer of pH 7.5 is described. The method was based on the determination of ammonia formed by the action of creatinine deiminase. Endogenous ammonia in serum was removed by an immobilized glutamate dehydrogenase column prior to the action of creatinine deiminase also immobilized and used in column form. The present method was found to give perfect linearity of the data up to 0.10 g creatinine/liter with satisfactory precision, reproducibility, and accurate reaction recoveries. The immobilized enzyme reactor unit showed good operational stability for a 2-month period, during which time it was repeatedly used for analyses over 2000 times. The results correlated satisfactorily with those obtained by other well-established methods. PMID- 6660499 TI - 3-aminopyridine 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide phosphate: a fluorescent reagent for NADP-requiring enzymes. AB - 3-Aminopyridine 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide phosphate (epsilon-AADP) was synthesized from 3-aminopyridine adenine dinucleotide phosphate by reaction with chloroacetaldehyde. The reaction was monitored by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The product, epsilon-AADP, was purified by ion-exchange chromatography followed by a Sephadex G-10 desalting process. Spectrophotometric and fluorimetric properties of epsilon-AADP were obtained at neutral pH. Diazotization of epsilon-AADP was documented by azodye formation at pH values below 3 and the diazotized derivative was shown to react rapidly with sulfhydryl compounds at neutrality. As an analog of NADP, epsilon-AADP was demonstrated to be an effective NADP-competitive inhibitor of NADP-requiring dehydrogenases, reductases, and an NAD glycohydrolase. PMID- 6660500 TI - Rocket and crossed immunoelectrophoresis of proteins solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate. AB - A method for the immunoelectrophoretic analysis of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic proteins from whole-cell extracts solubilized with 2% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is described. For rocket immunoelectrophoresis, Triton X 100 is added to the sample before electrophoresis to sequester non-protein-bound SDS, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) is added to the antibody gel to enhance precipitin formation. With the optimal ratio of Triton X-100 to PEG, the quantitative determination of 5 ng of protein is possible. The SDS-solubilized sample can also be analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using SDS polyacrylamide gels in the first dimension and antibody-containing agarose gels in the second. The best results are obtained when intermediate gels without nonionic detergents are used and when ionic detergents are omitted from the cathodal gel. Precipitin peaks of high quality, reproducibility, and without artifacts are obtained using antibody concentrations 5- to 50-fold lower than with other crossed-immunoelectrophoresis procedures. PMID- 6660501 TI - Concentrated, digestible DNA after hydroxylapatite chromatography with cetylpyridinium bromide precipitation. AB - A method for the direct extraction of the DNA from the unfavorable phosphate eluant of hydroxylapatite chromatography is described. The DNA--reversibly precipitated with the cationic detergent cetylpyridinium bromide--can be subjected to further enzymatic manipulations within minutes. This method is applied to the rapid separation of pBR322 plasmid from the chromosomal DNA. PMID- 6660502 TI - An automated method for the determination of biogenic amines and their metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - An automated high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed that allows for the determination of a number of compounds related to catechol- and indoleamine metabolism. The compounds that can be measured include L-DOPA, dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, 3-methoxytyramine, norepinephrine, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, dihydroxyphenylglycol, vanilmandelic acid, epinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 5-hydroxytryptophol. Dihydroxybenzylamine is used as an internal standard. Although dihydroxyphenylglycol and vanilmandelic acid could be detected and quantified, they could not be separated from each other. The method is completely automated and is sensitive enough to detect amounts as low as 500 fmol. Up to 200 samples a week can be analyzed in the automated mode. Using this method, analyses of brain tissue can be accomplished with no need for a cleanup procedure. The value of this procedure lies in its ability to simultaneously determine various amines and metabolites from small tissue samples in the same animals and with automation to analyze a relatively large number of samples a day with little attention by a technician. PMID- 6660503 TI - Enhanced detection of viroid-RNA after selective divalent cation fractionation. AB - Treatment of nucleic acid preparations from citrus exocortis viroid infected tissues with Ca2+, Co2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ results in rapid precipitation of all large RNA molecules and selective precipitation of low-molecular-weight RNA species. Analysis of the viroid-RNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is greatly enhanced in the absence of any additional treatment with 2 M LiCl. The ratio of circular to linear molecules as well as the relative infectivity of Mn2+ -treated viroid preparations remain unaffected. PMID- 6660504 TI - A two-dimensional electrophoretic technique for the detection of circular viroids and virusoids. AB - A new gel electrophoretic technique for the rapid and sensitive detection of circular viroids and virusoids is described. Starting from plant material, a typical multisample analysis requires less than 8 h. Viroid concentrations as low as 60 ng/g tissue can be detected unambiguously without the use of radioactivity or highly specialized laboratory equipment. The technique presented here is compared to earlier methods of gel electrophoresis, nucleic acid fingerprinting, and currently employed hybridization techniques. A number of important technical advantages, including speed, simplicity, and sensitivity, suggest that the methods described here may have wide utility in checking the spread of viroid infections. PMID- 6660506 TI - The application of rate dialysis to the determination of free steroids in plasma. AB - Rate dialysis is used to obtain the free steroid fraction in undiluted plasma at 37 degrees C. The free steroid fraction is determined from the rate at which a small amount of tritiated steroid diffuses from plasma on one side of a semipermeable membrane into an identical plasma sample on the other side which lacks radioactive steroid. The method may be generally applicable to steroids since the cell permeability constant, which is a function of the volume of the dialysis cell and the area and diffusion properties of the membrane, was similar for seven steroids tested. The method requires only 0.3 ml of plasma, is simple and economical to perform, and enables up to 120 determinations to be made in one day. The free fractions of cortisol, progesterone, and estradiol-17 beta were measured in plasma pooled from pregnant and non-pregnant women and pregnant and lactating sows. The results were compared with those obtained for the same plasma pools by centrifugal ultrafiltration. PMID- 6660505 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis on radial compression column of the neurotoxic tri-o-cresyl phosphate and metabolites. AB - A method utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for the analysis of tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) and its possible metabolites, o-cresyl dihydrogen phosphate, di-o-cresyl hydrogen phosphate, o hydroxybenzyl alcohol, o-cresol, saligenin cyclic-o-tolyl phosphate [2-(o-cresyl) 4H-1:3:2:benzodioxaphosphoran-2-one], salicylic acid, salicylaldehyde, hydroxymethyl TOCP (di-o-cresyl o-hydroxymethylphenyl phosphate), and dihydroxymethyl TOCP (o-cresyl di-o-hydroxymethylphenyl phosphate). TOCP and its possible metabolites were analyzed on a reverse-phase C18 cartridge fitted into RCM-100 radial-compression separation system. Compounds were separated using a linear gradient of 25 to 80% acetonitrile in 2% aqueous acetic acid at a flow rate of 1.3 ml/min in a period of 22 min. Quantification was achieved by monitoring the ultraviolet absorbance of the column eluates at 254 nm and measuring peak areas. Retention times and peak areas were highly reproducible for all compounds analyzed. The relationship between peak area and amount injected was linear over a 100-fold range for all compounds analyzed. The minimum detectable level was 3 ng for salicylaldehyde, 25 ng for o-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and salicylic acid, and 50 ng for the remaining compounds. A mixture of TOCP and its possible metabolites was added to samples of cat liver, kidney, and plasma and then extracted and analyzed. High recovery and reproducibility for most compounds was observed in tissues analyzed. PMID- 6660507 TI - Determination of pipecolic acid in rat brain areas by high-performance liquid chromatography of dansyl derivatives with fluorimetric detection. AB - A method for the determination of pipecolic acid in the rat brain is reported. The identification and quantification of pipecolic acid is accomplished with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography including precolumn dansylation procedure by using nipecotic acid, a regio-isomer of pipecolic acid, as an internal standard. The lower limit of quantification for the method is in the picomole range. Higher concentration of pipecolic acid in the rat brain regions were found in cerebellum, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, and midbrain than the other regions. The method establishes the usefulness of dansyl chloride for the simple and sensitive detection of pipecolic acid, and is easily adapted to routine analysis of pipecolic acid in the rat brain regions. PMID- 6660508 TI - Improved conditions for activity gel analysis of DNA polymerase catalytic polypeptides. AB - In a study of mouse DNA polymerase catalytic polypeptides using activity gel analysis, it was found that the sensitivity of detection of purified enzymes is markedly increased by addition of a heterogeneous mixture of proteins to the enzyme sample prior to electrophoresis (Karawya E., and Wilson, S.H. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 13,129-13,134). This modification and the use of a micromolar level of [32P]dNTP substrate are the basis of an improved activity gel assay for DNA polymerase catalytic polypeptides. This modified assay is several orders of magnitude more sensitive than the original procedure (Spanos, A., Sedgwick, S.G., Yarranton, G.T., Hubscher, U., and Banks, G.R. (1981) Nucl. Acids Res. 9, 1825 1839), and it enables measurement of two reference enzymes, calf beta-polymerase and Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I large fragment, in the picogram range. Further, it was found that it is essential to survey different lots of sodium dodecyl sulfate to identify those which enable high enzyme activity signals after renaturation. PMID- 6660509 TI - An affinity ligand for phospholipase A2 purification. AB - An alkyl ether analog of phosphatidylcholine was synthesized and used as a ligand to purify acid-extracted phospholipase A2 from bovine ileum smooth muscle by affinity chromatography in the presence of cholate. This ligand contains a primary amino group at the omega-position of the acyl chain in position 1 and so permits direct covalent coupling with the ester group of Affi-Gel-10. An endogenous membrane bound phospholipase A2 has been purified 32-fold in a good yield (70%) employing this ligand in an affinity chromatography step. PMID- 6660510 TI - The spectrophotometric determination of micromolar concentrations of Co2+ using o phenanthroline. AB - Co2+ and o-phenanthroline formed a 1:3 complex with absorption maxima at 346, 332, 313, and 301 nm. The complex obeyed Beer's Law at the first three maxima. Standard curves constructed by monitoring the E346 at different concentrations of Co2+ had a maximum sensitivity of about 1 microM Co2+. At this concentration of Co2+ the delta E346 was 0.003 absorption units. This assay was not affected greatly by Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, or Tris. Erbium ions (Er3+) produced a small, nonspecific increase in absorbance at all wavelengths. Zn2+ also formed a complex with o-phenanthroline with maxima at 343, 328, and 313 nm. The absorbance of the Zn2+-o-phenanthroline complex was about 10% that of the Co2+-o-phenanthroline complex at 346 nm, but was still sufficient to cause interference at Zn2+ concentrations above 10 microM. PMID- 6660511 TI - Thin-layer fluorescence cell for ligand binding studies. AB - A high precision method for measuring the binding of gaseous ligands to proteins is presented. Front face fluorescence techniques are utilized with a special thin layer cell in order to monitor the change in fluorescence intensity caused by changing the ligand partial pressure. The method is illustrated by examining the binding of carbon monoxide to hemocyanin from the lobster Homarus americanus. PMID- 6660513 TI - Nonlinear gel electrophoresis: an analogy with ideal fluid flow. AB - The behavior of electrolytes undergoing electrophoresis in various shaped gels was investigated using bromphenol blue as a model electrolyte. The results suggest that during gel electrophoresis, small electrolytes behave in a manner analogous to the flow of ideal, irrotational fluids. PMID- 6660512 TI - A rapid assay for protein kinases phosphorylating small polypeptides and other substrates. AB - A new and rapid method of protein kinase assay is presented which is suitable for low-molecular-weight substrates, irrespective of their electrophoretic or chromatographic mobility. It depends on the phosphorylation of the substrates with [gamma-32P]ATP, hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate bonds by boiling in 1 N HCl, extraction of 32P with isobutanol-benzene, and measurement of the radioactivity of 32P-labeled phosphoesters in the water phase. The method is shown to be suitable for both tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylating protein kinases. PMID- 6660514 TI - Immobilization of proteins on partially hydrolyzed agarose beads. AB - Treatment of agarose beads with mild acid (0.2 M HCl, 55 degrees C, several hours) hydrolyzes some of the glycosidic bonds between D-galactosyl residues and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactosyl residues, and thus produces aldehydo-groups useful for immobilization of amino compounds by reductive amination with NaCNBH3. More than 20 mg (0.3 mumol) of bovine serum albumin could be coupled per gram of partially hydrolyzed agarose beads. Arthrobacter neuraminidase immobilized by this method was useful for desialylation of sialyl glycoconjugates, and was found not to leach from the gel and to be much more thermostable than the free enzyme. PMID- 6660515 TI - Characterization of messenger RNA by direct translation from agarose gels. AB - A method for characterizing nanogram quantities of poly(A)-containing messenger RNAs that have been fractionated according to size by electrophoresis through agarose gels has been developed. The mRNAs from Friend leukemia cells were identified by the protein products they encode, as determined by slicing the agarose gel and directly translating the enclosed mRNA with an extract from rabbit reticulocytes that had been treated with micrococcal nuclease. A number of parameters which affect the efficiency of translation in this system have been examined. These include the sensitivity of the in vitro translational system to RNA, the agarose concentration, the incubation temperature, and the addition of either exogeneous tRNA or RNasin. The procedure is rapid, simple, reproducible, and applicable for the fractionation and characterization of mRNAs from any source. PMID- 6660516 TI - Silver stain for detecting 10-femtogram quantities of protein after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - A rapid and highly sensitive silver stain and color stain were developed for visualizing proteins. The procedure is simple and the bands were clear. This silver stain detects 100 pg quantities of proteins. In order to stain quickly, sensitively, and sharply a protein matrix in a gel, the repeated shrinkage and swelling gel was developed with a hyper- and hypotonic solution to remove the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) from SDS-protein complex and to generate influx of staining solution into the gel. We have found that the silver staining method with the repeated exposure to hyper- and hypotonic solution and a narrow well produced 10 fg order of proteins. PMID- 6660517 TI - Enzymatic preparation of radiolabeled succinic semialdehyde. AB - [U-14C]Succinic semialdehyde was prepared with yields of 30-40% by oxidation of purified [U-14C]4-aminobutyric acid with commercially available bovine plasma monoamine oxidase. [U-14C]Succinic semialdehyde was purified by cation-exchange chromatography and quantified as the oxime and methoxime derivatives using liquid partition chromatography on silicic acid. The availability of [U-14C]succinic semialdehyde permits the reliable assay of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase in crude cell extracts of lymphocytes isolated from human blood, cultured human lymphoblasts, and other tissues where 4-aminobutyric acid metabolism is known to occur. PMID- 6660518 TI - Determination of the specific activity of NaB3H4. AB - A method for the rapid determination of the specific activity of NaB3H4 is presented. NaB3H4 is used to reduce NAD+ to [3H]NADH, which is then isolated by anion exchange chromatography. The specific activity of the NaB3H4 is calculated from measurements of radioactivity and absorbance (340 nm) in the [3H]NADH fractions. PMID- 6660519 TI - The use of a zwitterionic detergent in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of trout liver microsomes. AB - CHAPS, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-Propane sulfonate, a zwitterionic detergent, has been shown to exhibit superior membrane protein solubilizing characteristics as compared to nonionic detergents. Replacement of NP-40 with CHAPS in isoelectric focusing of rainbow trout liver microsomes has increased resolution markedly. The two-dimensional electrophoretic system described will allow effective resolution of up to 300 micrograms of crude microsomal protein. CHAPS exhibits no effect on the stability or type of pH gradient when compared to NP-40 during isoelectric focusing in the presence of urea. PMID- 6660520 TI - A quantitative assay for ciliate chemotaxis. AB - A quantitative bioassay for ciliate chemotaxis based on the capillary principle is described using Tetrahymena thermophila as test organism. The attractant containing assay tube designed for the bioassay attracts up to 4 X 10(4) cells in 2 h which makes electronic cell counting of the chemotactic response feasible. The attractants used are solutions of proteose peptone and yeast extract which also are growth media for this organism. PMID- 6660521 TI - A filtration method for measuring cellular uptake of [14C]methylamine and other highly permeant solutes. AB - A filtration technique has been developed for study of the uptake of [14C]methylamine by Azotobacter vinelandii. This dual filter arrangement requires a precision microporous polycarbonate film which overlays a paper filter. Cellular uptake of radioactivity is terminated by vacuum filtration of the reaction mixture onto the polycarbonate filter without dilution or washing. Filtration was complete in 0.7 s with retention of less than 0.2% of the extracellular radioactivity. The dual filter method gave 20-fold higher levels for intracellular methylamine than filtration followed by washing. Without washing, nitrocellulose filters retained 18 times more extracellular [3H]sorbitol and 80 times more extracellular [14C]methylamine than polycarbonate filters. Use of an underlying paper filter did not significantly improve the performance of nitrocellulose filters. However, addition of a paper filter reduced extracellular methylamine and sorbitol retention on polycarbonate filters by 77 and 86%, respectively. This method is generally applicable to measurement of the uptake of highly permeant molecules by cells and subcellular organelles. PMID- 6660522 TI - A radiochemical assay for argininosuccinate synthetase with [U-14C]aspartate. AB - A simple and sensitive radiochemical procedure to assay argininosuccinate synthetase activity in crude tissue homogenates and lysates of cultured cells is described. The new method depends on the location of 14C, uniformly, in the four carbons of aspartate. On incubation in the presence of excess of L-[U 14C]aspartate, L-citrulline, ATP, and an ATP-generating system, argininosuccinase and arginase, the [14C]fumarate formed is measured as the sum of malate and fumarate. After acidification the latter two acids are separated from [14C]aspartate on a small Dowex-50 column by elution with a few milliliters of water; the unutilized amino acid substrates remain on the column. With a specific radioactivity of 9 X 10(4) cpm, 1 to 2 nmol of product can be accurately measured under kinetically optimum conditions. PMID- 6660523 TI - Preparative isolation of distinct molecular forms of rabbit liver ferritin using high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Rabbit liver ferritin was separated to fractions of distinct molecular form using a chromatofocusing column coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography equipment. This purification method was fast, less than 1 h, and enabled preparation of fractions, highly enriched in particular subtypes of ferritin. Analytical isoelectrofocusing of these fractions demonstrated a gradual shift in the range of isoelectric points of these subtypes of ferritin. Gradient-pore polyacrylamide slab-gel electrophoresis showed a distinct shift in the subunit ratio of the ferritins, ranging from 87% low molecular weight (L) subunit in the first fraction eluting at a pH 5.4, to 28% L-subunit in the fraction eluting in the trailing edge of the protein peak at pH 4.0. The pI range of the fractions covered the complete range, from pH 4.9 to pH 5.4, of isoelectric points of the whole rabbit liver ferritin preparation. PMID- 6660525 TI - Automated molecular absorption spectrometry for determination of fluorine in biological samples. PMID- 6660524 TI - Factors affecting the stability of fluorescent isoindoles derived from reaction of o-phthalaldehyde and hydroxyalkylthiols with primary amines. AB - The stability of a series of fluorescent isoindole derivatives formed in situ under analytical conditions following the reaction of o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) with a series of primary amines are reported. Increasing the bulk and degree of substitution at C-10 of the resulting isoindole resulted in substantial increases in product stability. The effects of excess OPA and 2-ME on isoindole stability were examined and OPA was observed to catalyze isoindole degradation while 2-ME had no effect. Previously proposed degradation mechanisms were reexamined in light of the present data and an alternate degradation pathway is proposed. 3-Mercapto-1-propanol (3-MP) was found to be a superior thiol for use in the fluorogenic OPA reaction. The OPA/3-MP reagent combination was utilized to derive several amino acids and offered detection limits (S/N = 2) of less than 200 fmol. PMID- 6660526 TI - Determination of cyclopropenoic fatty acids by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. PMID- 6660527 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoresis for determining toxicity of environmental substances. PMID- 6660529 TI - Determination of stable isotopes of calcium in biological fluids by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. PMID- 6660528 TI - Microcolumn liquid chromatography of benzoyl derivatives of steroid metabolites. PMID- 6660530 TI - Cryogenic homogenization of biological tissues. PMID- 6660531 TI - Flow injection analysis with an enzyme reactor bed for determination of ascorbic acid in brain tissue. PMID- 6660532 TI - Determination of total mercury in fish: an improved method. PMID- 6660533 TI - Comparison of three methods for the determination of urea in compound feed and silage. PMID- 6660534 TI - Unusual configurations of endoplasmic reticulum in human pituitary adenomas. AB - Electron microscopic study of 435 surgically-removed human pituitary adenomas and 43 nontumorous adenohypophyses revealed unusual configurations of endoplasmic reticulum in 102 adenohypophysial tumors (23%) and in 12 nontumorous adenohypophyses (28%). These configurations classified as paired reticulum, annulate lamellae and ribosome-lamellar complexes were noted in various adenomatous and nontumorous adenohypophysial cells, indicating that they could not be used as specific markers for pituitary adenomas or for a particular adenohypophysial cell type. Paired reticulum was a common finding, whereas annulate lamellae and ribosome-lamellar complexes were rarely encountered. Whether or not these endoplasmic reticulum configurations could be considered as normal constituents of adenohypophysial cells was difficult to assess, since nontumorous cells studied were from patients who had various diseases and who had been treated with different hormones. The presence of endoplasmic reticulum configurations was neither related to age, sex of the patients nor degree of differentiation or endocrine activity of pituitary adenomas. PMID- 6660535 TI - [The phrenic nerve in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus L. 1756)]. AB - The aim of the present study was the ascertain in the mode of origin of the phrenic nerve and to provide a morphological basis for experimental studies of this nerve in the guinea pig. In sketches made of the dissections, in 10 male and 10 female guinea pigs adults, the modes of origin of the phrenic roots were demonstrated to arise from the fourth to the seventh cervical nerves. Four types of origin could be distinguished. The phrenic nerve of guinea pig has three or four roots. PMID- 6660536 TI - [Polymorphism of the solar plexus in swine]. AB - The author studied the coeliac plexus and coeliac and mesenteric ganglion in 14 swine bodies. In 42.85% the left ganglion had a long form, in 21.42% a strangled form and in 35,71% was connected to the right ganglion. The right ganglion in 71.42% had a complex form and in 28.58% a stellary form. Invariably, the right ganglion was placed posteriorly to the left ganglion. PMID- 6660537 TI - [Considerations on the renal lobes in Gallus gallus, Indian River]. AB - Textbooks and articles do not provide sufficient descriptions of the fowl kidney, mainly the renal lobes and their measurements. The observations of the renal lobes was carried out in 40 fowls (Gallus gallus), Indian River, 27 females and 13 males, with different ages (Grupe I: one month; Grupe II: 2 months and Grupe III: more than 3 months). We have observed that: a) there is a relative assymetry on the form and position of the renal lobes; b) the cranial lobe is the most large and the middle, the most long; and c) averages about the lobes, in relation to the both antimeres and length-width, are recorded. PMID- 6660538 TI - Nutrition of interstitial lamellae of bone. AB - Interstitial lamellae of cortical bone found in the shafts of long bones are served by systems of canaliculi shaped like a broom. The handle of the broom is crowded by canaliculi which open into a transverse communication between the longitudinal vascular canals of osteons. The existence of these systems of canaliculi has not been previously recorded. Their presence argues against the widely held view that interstitial lamellae are merely the remains of osteons which have been partially resorbed during remodelling of bone. A fresh look at the development of interstitial lamellae needs be taken. PMID- 6660539 TI - [The organogenetic development of the human extensor hallucis longus muscle]. AB - The organogenetic investigations on the human crural and foot musculature give only a general idea for the development of the m. extensor hallucis longus (Schomburg 1900; Bardeen 1907), but it is not possible to understand the sequence of the changes of the primordium of this muscle during its morphogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, so far no interpretation of these changes is known, although it is of great significance to the evolutionary myology. Therefore, it seemed reasonable to us to carry out an investigation on the organogenesis of the m. extensor hallucis longus from the evolutionary myology point of view, using the results of previous detailed comparative-anatomical study of the same muscle. The basis of such an investigation was well-grounded a few years ago (Kaneff 1977). PMID- 6660540 TI - [Annual growth variations of the goby Lesueurigobius friesii off Scotland based on Gibson and Ezzi data]. AB - Samples of Lesueurigobius friesii gained and investigated by Gibson and Ezzi (1978) off the Scottish west coast comprising 5 age groups in monthly intervals show impressive seasonal variations calling for adequate mathematical treatment. For this purpose a proposal of the author (Sager 1982, 1983) as already realized for the growth behaviour of Nyctiphanes couchii with the Bertalanffy function is transferred to the Gompertz modifying this function to annual changes. The application of nonlinear regressions yields appropriate results and allows for the presentation of the modified increase function. PMID- 6660541 TI - Persistent Bergmeister's papilla in a lamb. AB - The occurrence of Bergmeister's papilla around a persistent hyaloid artery in a ten-week old Suffolk lamb has been reported and its possible genesis is discussed. PMID- 6660542 TI - Oocytes in primordial follicles of the immature cat (Felis domestica). AB - Primordial follicles of the immature domestic cat (Felis domestica) were examined with electron microscopic and histochemical methods. In many respects the ultrastructure of these cells was similar to that in other mammals, i.e., randomly distributed mitochondria, sometimes in close association with elements of the endoplasmic reticulum and showing a tendency to form clusters around a core of electron-dense material. More unusual were numerous lipid droplets showing contact with cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and club-shaped distended ends of the endoplasmic reticulum. The latter, together with membrane bound vacuoles, must be regarded in context with the storage and transport of endogenous or exogenous materials. The oocytes lack a typical Balbiani body. Histochemical investigations revealed a strong activity of nonspecific esterase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in the ooplasm of the primordial follicles, but no detectable reaction for acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase was present. PMID- 6660543 TI - To study the intrarenal vascular segments of human kidney by corrosion cast technique. AB - A study of the intrarenal arterial pattern of kidney by corrosion cast method has been carried out on 100 kidneys obtained from post mortem bodies. The abnormal origin of renal artery is rare and observed only in 2% cases. The renal artery divides extrarenally in about 68%, intrarenally in about 18% and at the hilum in 14% cases into anterior and posterior divisions. In very rare cases (2%) both the divisions arise separately at one point from abdominal aorta. Alternatively renal artery may not divide into anterior and posterior divisions but continues as anterior division and divide into upper, middle and lower segmental arteries in 1% cases. The branching pattern of anterior division shows 5 different variations grouped in 5 groups. The branching pattern of posterior division shows 3 different patterns. Vary rarely (1%) the posterior division is absent. Origin of apical segmental artery shows many variations and are grouped into 7 types. Origin and intrarenal branching pattern of upper, middle and lower segmental arteries shows many variations. Presence of accessory renal artery is a rare occurrence (about 2%). As there is no constant arterial segmental patterns of the kidney, it may often not be possible to forecast beforehand the type of partial nephrectomy which might or might not be possible in a particular case. Hence, for practical purposes, attempts at grouping and classification of variable arterial pattern seen is hardly of much significance. Very often, the decision to perform a segmental resection of the kidney shall have to be taken on operation table by surgeon after exploration of kidney or before operation by angiography. But it may of importance for surgeon to be acquainted with different types of cases unsuitable for segmental resection and this will put the surgeon on guad to exercise greater cautions. PMID- 6660544 TI - The bronchial tree and blood vessels of the rat lung. AB - The right lung consists of the upper, middle, accessory and lower lobes. In the left lung, the upper and accessory lobes are lost. The middle and lower lobes are united to form one lobe. The left lung is smaller than the right lung. PMID- 6660547 TI - Structure of the paws in Didelphis virginiana. AB - The paws of Didelphis virginiana show several unusual features. They possess dermatoglyphs on the foot pads, have opposable first digits and the pads show a peculiar vascular arrangement. The hallux lacks a claw. The degree of innervation and the number and size of Pacinian corpuscles indicates that the paws of the opossum are finely sensitive to pressure and vibration. PMID- 6660546 TI - Phagocytosis in the amphibian lung. AB - The experimental administration of carbon particles into the lung of 2 amphibian species (Bufo fowleri, Kaloula pulchra) induces the appearance of macrophages in the alveoli, which evidently are derived from blood monocytes. These cells are characterized by high activities of acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. They take up the carbon particles into membrane bound vacuoles of variable sizes. In addition carbon was found in lysosomal bodies and free in the cytoplasm. Large accumulations of intraalveolar carbon are surrounded by 2 to 3 layers of flattened macrophages. These cells can multiply by mitosis. Laden with carbon they can disintegrate or return into the connective tissue underneath the alveolar epithelium. This epithelium exhibits a marked activation in areas of intraalveolar carbon deposits: increase in volume, formation of a well developed brush border, generation of a large nucleolus and numerous cisterns of the rough ER. The epithelial cells ingest carbon particles which can be found within clear vacuoles or lamellated bodies. Activated epithelial cells can undergo mitosis. PMID- 6660545 TI - The bronchial ramification and lobular division of the giraffe lung. AB - The right lung of the giraffe consists of bilobed upper, middle, accessory and lower lobes. The middle and lower lobes are united to form one lobe. The left lung consists of bilobed upper, middle and lower lobes. The middle and lower lobes are adhered. PMID- 6660548 TI - [Growth relations of Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) using Van Wagenen's and Catchpole's data (1956)]. AB - Investigations are carried out concerning the sitting height/age and the log weight/sitting height relations for the rhesus (Macaca mulatta) after dates from van Wagenen and Catchpole (1956). The formulae applied were recently given by the author for the development of the human body and parts of the skeleton (Sager 1981 a, b und 1983 a, b) and hold for the rhesus in simplified forms. This is a hint to a less differentiated form of growth that can be represented by fewer mathematical parameters than for human beings. Approximations require nonlinear regressions and are gained for the minimum of the sums of square and absolute deviations. Tables and graphs for the results are added. PMID- 6660549 TI - [Programmed and programming embryogenesis using as example the egg tooth of Sauropsids]. AB - Molecular genetics don't explain the behaviour of cells. It is well known, however, that changes in behaviour precede changes of genetic manifestation. Since only soma cells are working onto-genetically throughout life, they should be thought capable of evolutionary functions. Their precedence is possible because of their surplus of genetic outfit, and the soma cells even must precede from the zygote stage on when their "struggle for life" starts. This notion of Darwin ("struggle for life") should therefore be more emphasized as motor force than his other 2 notions: "variation" and "selection". The phylogenetic development of the egg-tooth of sauropsids is taken as an example for this change over in evolutionary theorization. PMID- 6660550 TI - [Distribution of density, pressure and tensile strength of the human femoral shaft]. AB - 105 cross sections of 21 Femora (13 males, 8 females) were examined with respect to X-ray density, compressive and tensile breaking strength. On X-ray photographs of each specimen, the density measurements were obtained with photographic aequidenses in 4 sites: anterior, medial, posterior and lateral. Then the compressive and tensile breaking strength were determined on 817 standardised samples from the same sites. The results show, that the X-ray density, compressive and tensile breaking strength respectively represent characteristics features of their distributions, and that these three factors are correlated with one another. From these facts it is derived, that the resultant force in the femoral shaft may be within the cross section of femur, and that the functional adaptation of the bone on its mechanical stress is reached by several factors of bone materials at the same time. PMID- 6660551 TI - Methodological aspects of classifying low--and medium intensity of hyperostosis spongiosa orbitae. AB - Low- and medium expressions of hyperostosis spongiosa orbitae are occurring rather frequently compared to strong or very strong ones, yet their notation and differentiation is sometimes rather difficult. By means of original photographs of low and medium intensity degrees of this pathological trait methodological facilitation of notation is intended. This could serve as a stimulus for a more frequent incorporation of this bone condition in skeletal studies let alone minimal interobserver differences. PMID- 6660552 TI - Fine structure at the cut ends following section of the sensory component of the vagus nerve of mice. AB - The fine structures at the cut ends following section of the sensory component of the midcervical vagus nerve of mice were examined. No changes were found in the fine structure of the neurons in the nodose ganglion or in that of the axons in the midcervical vagus nerve 14 d after supranodose vagotomy. After supranodose vagotomy followed 14 d later by midcervical vagotomy, the dilated axons present in the vicinity of the cut contained clear vesicles with a mean diameter of 69 nm and dense-cored vesicles with a mean diameter of 78 nm, vesiculotubular membranous structures, smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), mitochondria, multivesicular bodies, dense bodies, neurofilaments, and microtubules. The similarity between sensory axons interrupted by cutting and the presynaptic terminals of sensory neurons is discussed. PMID- 6660553 TI - The morphology and maturation of the optic tectum of the small shark (Hemiscyllium plagiosum): a morphometrical, ultrastructural and histochemical study. AB - The morphometrical, ultrastructural and histochemical aspects of the optic tectums of the sharks (Hemiscyllium plagiosum) of different sizes were studied. The 1,000 g animals revealed 2 areas of heavy neuronal concentration. Ultrastructural studies showed an increase in the sizes of tectal neurons and in the sizes of myelinated fibers as well as an increase in the branching system of neurons as the animal matured. A change in the ratio of the types of synaptic contacts was evident in the larger animals. 3 types of glia cells were also observed in these animals. Histochemical studies indicated very little difference between the animals of different sizes except a possible increase of cytochrome oxidase activity. PMID- 6660554 TI - Endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tracts of 3 teleostean species. AB - Endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tracts of 3 teleostean species (Lepomis gibbosus, Morone americana and Notemigonus crysoleucas) were studied using several staining techniques: Masson-Hamperl argentaffin reaction, Singh's argyrophil reaction, Schmorl's ferricyanide test and MacConnail's lead hematoxylin; only the argyrophil method showed a positive reaction. In L. gibbosus and M. americana, endocrine cells of proximal (corporic) stomach were seen singly among the surface epithelial cells while those of distal (pyloric) stomach were more numerous and located in irregular patches. A small number of positive cells were found in the gastric glands of corporic stomach. A few argyrophil cells were seen among the surface intestinal epithelial cells of N. crysoleucas but none were seen in the intestines of L. gibbosus and M. americana. PMID- 6660556 TI - Ultrastructure of toad (Bufo paracnemius) mast cells. Their alteration by compound 48/80. AB - The fine structure of toad mast cells and their alteration by compound 48/80 is described. The specific cytoplasmic granules, which stain metachromatically with toluidine blue, seem to be of one type only, notwithstanding wide differences in their appearance. They are composed of an electron-dense, peripheral, lamellar component, and a matrix showing a particulate material embedded in a homogenous ground substance. The alterations induced by compound 48/80 were essentially restricted to mast cell granules. Eventually these disappeared leaving vacuoles filled with a flocculent material which was also found outside the cell. Solubilization of granule contents preceded secretion. Stimulated mast cells seemed to be morphologically intact, even those cells that showed very intense degranulation. PMID- 6660555 TI - Argentaffin and migrating mast cells in the bovine gallbladder epithelium. AB - This paper reports the existence of 2 different types of granulated cells within the bovine gallbladder epithelium. Electron microscopic examination of the tissue reveals that one of these types belongs to "mast cells" that migrate from the lamina propia towards the epithelium. The other type is constituted by "argentaffin or endocrine cells" always located in the basal aspect of the epithelium. Both cells contain granules of different sizes and shapes and exhibit distinct morphological features. The existence of migrating mast cells and argentaffin cells suggests that they play different roles in the bovine gallbladder epithelium. PMID- 6660557 TI - [Growth relations of the Japanese]. AB - Based on data of Japanese body height and weight values published by Altman and Dittmer (1962) and compiled by Arimoto (1960) mathematical investigations into the relationship between height and age as well as log weight and height are carried out using formulas of the author already applied to measurements from the German Federal Republic and the United States of America. The main parameters show a considerable difference for the Japanese as was to be expected. Graphs give the curves for growth, increase and acceleration, supplemented by the log weight/height relation. PMID- 6660558 TI - [Aplasia of the optic chiasm in female mink]. PMID- 6660559 TI - A whole-mount horseradish peroxidase study of the retinal central projection in normal and monocular rats. AB - Anatomical mapping of the retinal central projection in albino rats was performed by whole-mount HRP histochemistry, after intraocular injection of HRP. The overall features of the retinal central pathways from the optic chiasma to the superior colliculus as well as the accessory optic systems in normal and monocular rats were clearly visualized, following application of a modified tetramethyl benzidine method on the whole-mounted brain stems including the diencephalon and the mid-brain. When combined with a partial retinal lesion, the whole-mount HRP method made feasible detection of the spatial retinotopy of the collicular projection. PMID- 6660560 TI - Developmental changes of oligodendroglia in the posterior funiculus of "Shiverer" mutant mouse spinal cord, with special reference to myelin formation. AB - Oligodendroglia in the "Shiverer" spinal cord at 2, 4, 8 and 18 weeks of age were investigated by electron microscopy, with special reference to the process of myelin formation. The predominant changes observed were vacuolization of the cytoplasm during 2 and especially 4 weeks of age, indicating initial steps in the formation of myelin sheaths, although their total volumes was very small and their lamellae were incomplete. Polymorphic vacuoles and vesicles with various electrondense contents appeared to originate from the Golgi complex and the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER), since such vacuoles happened to be continuous with the Golgi complex, and the Golgi complex disappeared concomitantly with the appearance of great numbers of vacuoles. The r-ER was also fragmented together with the occurrence of vesicles. After 8 weeks of age, the number of myelinated nerve fibers reached the plateau of the increasing curve, while the number of myelin lamellae successively increased until the sheaths were completed. At these stages the oligodendroglia containing vacuoles gradually disappeared, although numerous oligodendroglia possessing a nucleus with peripheral, densely clumped chromatin were present. These dark oligodendroglia contained a Golgi complex, r-ER with small, single cisternae and microtubules of irregular thickness, different from those found in the control oligodendroglia. At 18 weeks of age polymorphic vacuoles had disappeared in most oligodendroglia. PMID- 6660562 TI - Studies of the guinea pig epididymis. II. Intercellular junctions of principal cells. AB - The junctional complexes of the principal cells in the guinea pig epididymis were analyzed using freeze fracture and ultrathin section goniometric techniques. Replicas of the seven regions (I to VII) investigated reveal a continuous decrease in the number of tight junctional strands, ranging from 15.73 +/- 3.54 in zone I (proximal) to 4.39 +/- 0.78 in zone VII (distal tubule). The distance from the adluminal to the basolateral strand also diminishes from proximal, 0.73 +/- 0.02 micron to distal, 0.19 +/- 0.03 micron. The junctional strands appear on the P-face and anastomose forming compartments which are larger in the basolateral areas than those in the apical. The network of strands frequently form terminal loops and blind endings towards the more basal parts of the lateral membrane. Freeze fracture images also exhibit randomly distributed particulate aggregations which correspond to maculae adhaerentes, the highest number of which are found in zone IV, V, and VII. Desmosomal figures are found not only below, but also adjacent and intermingled among the tight junctional strands. This special junctional arrangement is confirmed upon goniometric analysis of ultrathin sections from zones IV, V, and VII. Electron dense desmosomal plaques are seen parallel and directly subjacent to the membranes of the tight junctions, following the strands in both directions to finally converge on the punctiform connections. Goniometry also reveals a dense feltwork of material closely applied along the lateral cell border. These zonulae adhaerentes are seen to be of greatest length and density in zones I, VI, and VII. PMID- 6660563 TI - Backscattered electron imaging of dental tissues. AB - New findings concerning the processes and results of the mineralization of the dental tissues have been made using new technical developments in scanning electron microscopic specimen-preparation and operation of the instrument. Anorganic preparations have been made with oxygen plasma ashing in the dry state, and with deproteinising solutions and very careful washing and drying for wet specimens: these were imaged with backscattered electrons (BSE) to provide charge free, topographic images. Methacrylate embedded samples were diamond micromilled to provide flat surfaces: in the absence of topography, BSE images could be used to study even small density differences. The technological advances described here have greatly improved the ability to image tenuously linked, microscopic mineral particles in dental tissues. Additionally, we now have a technique providing atomic number contrast of topographically flat, calcified tissues so that minor variations in the level of mineralization can be detected and regions compared. The advances in the interpretation of the structure of the three dental tissues that these methods have yielded are: the variation in mineral density of the enamel prisms coincident with the pattern of cross-striations seen by light microscopy; the identification of a dense centre of mineralization at the initiation point of calcospherites in dentine; and the relative mineralization of the acellular cement compared with dentine. PMID- 6660561 TI - Studies of the guinea pig epididymis. I. Ultrastructure and quantitative morphology of the principal cells. AB - The guinea pig epididymis is subdivided into seven zones. The ultrastructure and morphology of the principal cells in these zones is analyzed. The position, shape and content of the nuclei are variable along the length of the epididymal duct. Features characteristic of absorptive activity, such as micropinocytotic caveolae, vacuoles, and multivesicular bodies are of high concentration in zone IV and VI. The Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and secretion granules are organelles and inclusions implicated to secretory functions and in this study are not found in the following concurring amounts within the principal cells of the seven zones: the Golgi apparatus exhibits a trend of increase from zone II to zone VII while the rough endoplasmic reticulum decreases. Secretion granules, though, are detected only in zones II and III, not only in the supra-, but also in the peri- and infranuclear regions. This possibly implies an exocrine secretory function. Lamellar whorls and profiles of tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum are concentrated in the supranuclear and adluminal regions of zones I, II and VI. A high concentration of large lipid droplets is a consistent feature of the perinuclear region of zone II. Mitochondria and lysosomes are detected in relatively large amounts along the epididymal duct. The correlations of these morphological characteristics with respect to their possible functional role are discussed. PMID- 6660564 TI - The pig mesonephros. II. The proximal tubule: SEM, TEM and freeze-fracture images. AB - The ultrastructure of the proximal tubule of mature mesonephric nephrons was studied in perfusion-fixed pig embryos of the 41st gestational day. Despite its 8 12 mm long course, the proximal tubule possesses no cytologically different subsegments except its very last cells at the abrupt transition into the distal tubule. The first brush-bordered proximal tubule cells stand considerably within Bowman's capsule, abuting its attenuated cells. In SEM specimens, the average luminal cell diameters are 8 X 13 micron. The cells are 6-11 micron in height with overlying microvilli 2-4 micron long. Lateral faces of perfectly disjoined cells exhibit plate-like interdigitating processes projecting more than 5 micron deep into the neighboring cells. The basal cell face is completely covered with microvilli. The TEM pictures reveal an endocytic apparatus largely matching its metanephric counterpart. Mitochondria account for 23% of the cytoplasm and together with the many basolateral cell membranes indicate a high capacity for energy-dependent transport processes. Small basal lipid droplets represent a species peculiarity. Freeze-fracture specimens show an electrocoupling of the cells by gap junctions. The tight junction, with only 1-2 strands, characterizes a "leaky" epithelium. In most features, this tissue is as mature as its metanephric counterpart. PMID- 6660565 TI - Tangential preferential orientations of neuron processes in the rat neocortex. AB - The orientations in the tangential plane, i.e., parallel to the pial surface, of dendrites and axons in several functionally different areas of the rat neocortex were investigated. Using a large data base of over 30,000 measurements and the t test and chi 2 test for significance, we found an overall preference of both dendrites and axons for the anteroposterior and adjacent orientations. The degree of preference varied from area to area and among different cortical laminae. Other variations were correlated with neuron type and dendritic rank (in a tree). The pyramidal cell dendritic fields show little orientation in the tangential plane, whereas a large fraction of the stellate cells are oriented. The overall preferential orientations are apparently related to brain axes and growth lines, whereas the variability is probably due to the influence of the functional topography. PMID- 6660566 TI - Postnatal formation of the blood-testis barrier in the rat with special reference to the initiation of meiosis. AB - Postnatal formation of the Blood-Testis Barrier (BTB) in the rat was studied by either fixation in hypertonic fixative or employing lanthanum tracer. After 15 days of age, meiosis has reached different stages of spermatogenesis in different zones of the seminiferous cords. Only in those parts where germ cells are in the pachytene stage of meiosis do Sertoli cells form an effective barrier or tight compartment. Between 16 and 19 days of age, final formation of the BTB, which is to be found in the adult rat testis, occurs by zygotene and then leptotene stages successively entering the tight compartment. Thus, formation of a BTB by Sertoli cells does not occur synchronously along the length of the seminiferous cord but in accordance with the stage of meiosis of the associated germ cells. PMID- 6660568 TI - [Blood catecholamine levels and their excretion with urine during long-term perfusion in heart surgery with various types of anesthesia]. PMID- 6660569 TI - [Combined electroanesthesia after heart surgery under general artificial circulation]. PMID- 6660567 TI - On the ultrastructure of the developing and adult mouse corneal stroma. AB - The EM study of the mouse embryonic cornea from the 12th to the 19th day of gestation as well as on postnatal days 2 and 18 and on adult animals allow the following conclusions to be drawn: 1. Immediately after the separation of the lens vesicle, the mesenchyme cells migrate into the cornea anlage. 2. There is no collagenous primary stroma in the mouse embryo. 3. During days 12-14 the stroma cells (fibroblasts) differentiate and develop the organelles required for ICS (intercellular substance) secretion. 4. In the posterior region of the stroma, the collagen fibrils are deposited in bundles approximately perpendicular to each other. 5. The adult mouse stroma is divided into 2 zones. In zone I the subepithelial fibrils are randomly distributed and are not bundled (rudimentary Bowman's membrane). In zone II the fiber bundles lie in the plane of the cornea and form a highly ordered three-dimensional network. Basic differences between the mouse and other species are discussed. PMID- 6660570 TI - [Comparative evaluation of one-time-use oxygenators in open heart surgery]. PMID- 6660571 TI - [Results of long-term artificial ventilation of the lungs in young children after cardiosurgical operations]. PMID- 6660572 TI - [Use of high-frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs during resuscitation]. PMID- 6660573 TI - [Elaboration of a chart for recording the degree of pain perception]. PMID- 6660575 TI - [Computer monitoring of the left-ventricular function in patients after heart surgery based on echocardiography]. PMID- 6660574 TI - [Roentgenodensitometric method of determination of the quantity of excessive fluid in the lungs in pulmonary edema]. PMID- 6660576 TI - [Use of the synthetic antioxidant ionol for prevention of post-resuscitation myocardial damage]. PMID- 6660577 TI - [Changes in regional regulation of the tonus of the resistant and capacitive blood vessels in hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 6660578 TI - [Optimal method of liver perfusion with saline solution under moderate hypothermia]. PMID- 6660579 TI - [Detoxication of the body in hepatic coma by the method of total body washout]. PMID- 6660580 TI - [Ergokinetic analysis of the degree of surgical risk in oncological patients]. PMID- 6660582 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic tactics in poisoning with crystals of potassium permanganate in small children]. PMID- 6660581 TI - [Testing the degree of oxygen intoxication under clinical and experimental conditions]. PMID- 6660583 TI - [Technic, hazards and complications of punctures and catheterization of peripheral arteries in anesthesiological and reanimatological practice]. PMID- 6660585 TI - [Various clinical aspects of the critical states in children with the croup syndrome]. PMID- 6660584 TI - [Dynamics of circulating blood volume after surgery in irradiated oncological patients]. PMID- 6660586 TI - [Methodological problems of elementary cardiopulmonary resuscitation]. PMID- 6660587 TI - [Bypass to the 3d portion of the popliteal artery and the distal arteries using a Dardik bioprosthesis]. PMID- 6660588 TI - [Venous thrombosis of the upper limb]. PMID- 6660590 TI - [Socioeconomic importance of arterial diseases]. PMID- 6660589 TI - [Electronic pulse volume recorder plethysmography and partial pressures in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease]. PMID- 6660591 TI - Verapamil therapy in the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias following open heart surgery. AB - Certain general conclusions suggest themselves on the basis of our extensive experience with treating arrhythmias in patients following open heart surgery, our specific results with verapamil therapy in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in patients following open heart surgery, and the results of verapamil therapy administered in other groups of patients. First, verapamil can provide highly effective, rapid, and safe control of the ventricular response in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in patients following open heart surgery. Usually, it should be used in concert with digitalis therapy. Second, extrapolation from the data of others suggests that verapamil has an important role to play in the treatment of most other supraventricular arrhythmias in patients following open heart surgery, particularly if temporary wire electrodes are not available. PMID- 6660592 TI - Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct: surgical approaches for drainage in the canine with comparison of cellular and chemical contents. AB - The technics of drainage of the right lymphatic duct (RD) and thoracic duct (TD) used in our laboratory have been described and illustrated. In two series of experiments the components of RD and of TD lymph were compared to blood plasma collected concurrently. RD and TD lymph, collected concurrently, were also compared in a third series. RD and TD lymph differ in a number of ways including rate of flow, enzyme activity, cell count and lipid-electrophoretic patterns. The limitations of RD lymph for the study of fluid and protein dynamics of the lungs and the cell population of lung lymph are outlined. Higher levels of enzyme activity in RD compared to TD lymph have been noted. This phenomena appears to depend on a number of complex factors. PMID- 6660593 TI - Permanent pacemaker implantation in a five-day-old neonate with complete heart block and ventricular tachycardia: a case report. PMID- 6660594 TI - FV blood group and haemoglobin type versus haematological and blood chemical parameters in young Swiss bulls. AB - A relationship between the FV blood group phenotype and 4 out of 45 haematological and blood chemical parameters--red cell number, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and serum iron- has been demonstrated in young bulls of three Swiss cattle breeds. There was also a relationship between haemoglobin type and 7 out of 45 haematological and blood chemical parameters (haemoglobin concentration, red cell number, MCV, MCHC and red cell concentrations of K+ and Na+ and their sum). In addition to expanding the species in which there is an effect of haemoglobin phenotype on MCV to include cattle, these data also demonstrate a significant correlation between their FV phenotype and MCV. PMID- 6660595 TI - Genetic relationship among several pig populations in East Asia analysed by blood groups and serum protein polymorphisms. AB - The gene frequencies were calculated to investigate genetic variation apparent in blood group and serum protein systems in Asian native pigs. The results revealed that gene frequencies were generally similar in the nine pig populations, except in some systems. Differences of gene frequencies were recognized in HpY and Cpc detected on Taoyuan pigs of Taiwan and Ohmini pigs of Japan, respectively. TfC and AmC alleles were found in eight pig populations except Ohmini pigs. The overall genetic distances were calculated by gene frequencies of 13 loci and it was observed that Taoyuan pigs are closer to Ohmini pigs than to Short-ear pigs of Taiwan and other East Asian native pigs. However, the genetic distances between Asian native pigs and European or American breeds were larger than those among East Asian native pig populations. PMID- 6660596 TI - Population studies on the ELA system in American standardbred and thoroughbred mares. AB - 336 Standardbred mares and 334 Thoroughbred mares in the vicinity of Lexington, Kentucky, were lymphocyte typed for 11 allelic antigenic specificities of the equine lymphocyte antigen (ELA) system. The Standardbred mares were divided into a population of pacers and a population of trotters. Substantial differences in ELA gene frequencies were found between the 3 groups. When the distribution of antigens within populations were compared to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations, relatively good agreement was found. PMID- 6660597 TI - Glucosephosphate isomerase polymorphism in sheep. AB - Two types of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) are described for the first time in sheep. Type T produced a 3-band pattern on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of serum samples, whereas type M produced a pattern of 5-7 bands. When 23 Scottish Halfbred ewes showing type T were mated to 3 Suffolk rams showing type M, their 32 offspring had frequencies of 0.72 and 0.28 for T and M respectively. There was no conclusive evidence that the types were controlled by codominant alleles or by simple Mendelian inheritance and neither was sex-linked. The frequency of the rarer type (M) was sufficiently high to provide conclusive evidence of true enzyme polymorphism. PMID- 6660599 TI - New phenotypes of alpha s-casein in sheep. AB - In an electrophoretic analysis of 198 milk samples from the Massa and Biella breeds of sheep, six different alpha s-casein phenotypes were observed, of which three have not been reported previously. PMID- 6660598 TI - Phenotypic variations in blood and milk of the Somali camel. AB - 132 blood samples and 54 milk samples obtained from Somali camel were analysed for red blood cell antigens with the cattle reagents and for Hb, Ca, X proteins, Tf, Alb, Am, SOD, alpha-La, beta-Lg and casein systems respectively. Positive lytic reactions were obtained with the anti-B, -Q, -Q', -W, -F1 and -J reagents. No biochemical polymorphism was observed except for Hb, X protein and beta-Lg systems. PMID- 6660600 TI - A 13-year-old black male with splenomegaly and interstitial pneumonia. PMID- 6660601 TI - Administration of metered-dose inhalers: comparison of open- and closed-mouth techniques in childhood asthmatics. AB - It has been suggested that the effectiveness of bronchodilators administered from metered-dose inhalers (MDI) may be improved by altering the inhalation technique with which they are taken. The efficacy of the traditional closed-mouth technique of MDI use was compared with one in which the mouth remained open throughout inhalation. Eighteen asthmatics, aged seven to 16 years whose peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) were less than 70% predicted, were studied. PEFR was measured before and 5, 10 and 15 minutes after a single inhalation of isoetharine using the open-mouth and closed-mouth techniques on separate days. There was no significant difference in PEFR improvement at any time when the two techniques were compared. Routine re-training of pediatric patients already using the traditional closed-mouth method successfully is not warranted on the basis of these findings. PMID- 6660602 TI - The incidence of atopy in steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome: clinical and immunological parameters. AB - Fifty-nine children with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), ages ranging from two to 18 years, were studied to determine the incidence of atopy, using both clinical and immunological parameters. Children with SRNS were found to have a significantly higher incidence of atopy both in themselves (z = 2.51, p less than 0.05) and their first-degree relatives (z = 2.34, p less than 0.05). The proportion of children with raised serum IgE levels (60%) and the geometric mean (631 U/ml) in SRNS children were significantly higher than control values, 14.5% and 136 U/ml, respectively (p less than 0.0001). Intra-group comparison showed that children with multiple relapses (more than two relapses) had higher incidence of skin test positivity to house dust mite (p less than 0.01) and to two or more antigens (p less than 0.05). Our data would suggest that atopy may be a predisposing factor in local children with SRNS. PMID- 6660603 TI - [Evaluation of protein catabolism in multi-injured patients]. AB - The urinary excretion of nitrogen was calculated, using the daily urinary urea nitrogen output in 19 patients with multiple trauma. The patients were followed for at least two weeks in an intensive care unit. The urinary excretion for each patient was expressed as the average of 7 day periods and the differences were evaluated with the Student's test for paired samples. Protein catabolism (defined as a urinary nitrogen excretion higher than 0.250 g per kilo and per day) was found in 18 of 19 patients during the first week, and in 16 during the second week. Catabolism was still present in 8 of 11 the third week and in 3 of 6 the fourth week after the trauma. Nitrogen excretion remained at the same level for two weeks and decreased significantly afterwards. Protein catabolism was an important contribution to weight loss. The cumulative loss of lean body mass revealed approximately 70% of weight loss over four weeks. The role of factors involved in catabolism and a therapeutic approach are discussed. PMID- 6660604 TI - [Temporomandibular staphylococcal arthritis]. AB - Two cases of temporo-mandibular joint infection with several blood cultures positive for Staphylococcus aureus are reported. Positive diagnosis depended on the importance of the pain and trismus, as well as the lack of abscess formation. The rapid development of ankylosis requires treatment to be started as soon as the first signs appear. PMID- 6660605 TI - [Muscle calcium deposits in an acute alcoholic rhabdomyolysis with renal failure]. AB - A 41 year old man was admitted to hospital for acute alcoholic rhabdomyolysis and renal failure. Calcium deposits in the damaged muscles of the inferior limbs were detected by technetium-99 m methylene diphosphonate. Repeat bone imaging studies showed a decrease in the deposits with time. The mechanisms responsible for the rhabdomyolysis and the characteristic disturbances in serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations during such renal failure are recalled. The interest of 99mTc-MDP is reviewed. Early dialysis is advocated, in particular in case of extensive muscular damage. PMID- 6660606 TI - [Prevention of the thromboembolic risk during the operative period in a patient with a congenital antithrombin III deficiency]. AB - The case of a woman with congenital antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency undergoing elective hysterectomy is reported. AT III deficient patients have high risks of thromboembolic disease, especially developing during and after surgery. It is usual practice to discontinue oral anticoagulants with antivitamin K activity and to obtain effective AT III activity by the transfusion of freeze dried concentrates of AT III and/or fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Heparin is prescribed as soon as AT III activity reaches 70%. The oral anticoagulant regimen is reinstituted in the late postoperative period. In our case, transfusion of FFP, in the pre- and postoperative periods, results in an AT III activity of 63%. Heparin was not used because oral anticoagulants were readministered early, 12 h after operation. No clinical thrombo-embolic complication was observed. PMID- 6660607 TI - [Prolonged brachial plexus block with bupivacaine]. AB - A prolonged brachial plexus block with bupivacaine hydrochloride is described. Anaesthesia was induced with 40 ml of a solution made of equal parts of 0.50% bupivacaine hydrochloride and distilled water. Reversal of the motor block began 24 h later. Total recovery was observed 30 h after the onset of anaesthesia. Neurotoxicity of bupivacaine hydrochloride was known to be weak and could not explain the increased length of the block. The dilution of 0.50% bupivacaine hydrochloride resulted in a very low osmolality (141 mosm X kg-1 vs 242 mosm X kg 1 for 0.25% bupivacaine hydrochloride commercial solution). Whether this low osmolality caused nerve lesions was unknown. Postoperative exploration revealed a bilateral slowing down of conduction in the brachial plexus of this 73 year old patient. The importance of this finding could not be assessed. PMID- 6660608 TI - [Hemoperfusion and poisoning by antihypertensive agents]. PMID- 6660609 TI - [Caudal anesthesia in pediatric surgery]. PMID- 6660610 TI - Isolation of specific peptides from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis protoplasm and their use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in cattle. AB - An antigen was isolated from the protoplasm of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by a combination of gel filtration, ion exchange, and affinity chromatography. The purified antigen constituted 7.8% of the total protein in the protoplasm. The specificity and sensitivity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for paratuberculosis, using the purified antigen, were evaluated with sera from 104 cattle which were examined (surveyed) for M paratuberculosis infection by fecal cultural technique. The ELISA was positive in 50 of 60 infected animals. Five of 44 noninfected animals were also test-positive. When a crude protoplasmic extract was used as antigen in the ELISA, sera from 37 infected and from 18 noninfected animals were test-positive. Cross-reactions were encountered in both complement fixation test and the ELISA between crude or partially purified M paratuberculosis antigens and antisera to Nocardia asteroides, M avium, M phlei, and M fortuitum. The purified antigen gave no complement-fixation reaction with any of these antisera. In the ELISA, cross-reaction was not found when purified antigen was used and the sera were screened at 1:40 dilution. PMID- 6660611 TI - Bovine leptospirosis: bacteriologic versus serologic diagnosis of cows at slaughter. AB - Blood for serologic examination and kidneys for bacteriologic cultural examination were collected from 204 cows slaughtered in an Iowa packing plant during August to October 1981. By the microscopic agglutination test on the 200 serum samples which were collected, 29 (14.5%) were positive--22 samples (10.8%) had agglutinin titers to hardjo, 4 (2%) to pomona, and 5 (2.5%) to other serovars. With the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 79 samples (39.5%) were positive--53 (26.5%) to hardjo and 36 (18%) to pomona. Leptospires were isolated from 13 (6.4%) of the kidneys (n = 204) examined. Characterization indicated that 7 isolates were hardjo; 3, grippotyphosa; and 2, pomona (1 isolate was lost during first subculture). Three of the hardjo isolates and 1 of the grippotyphosa isolates were obtained from cows that were seronegative by the microscopic agglutination test. PMID- 6660612 TI - Cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in bovine uterus and uterine tube (oviduct). AB - The effects of progesterone (P) or estradiol benzoate (EB) on unfilled uterine and uterine tubal (oviductal) cytoplasmic estrogen receptors (ER) were studied in nulliparous heifers. Progesterone (4.4 mg/kg of body weight) in oil EB (350 micrograms) in oil, or oil vehicle only (C) were injected IM 24 hours after the end of estrus. The heifers were euthanatized 36 hours later. There was a difference (P less than 0.005) in the concentration of ER among treatment groups, but no difference (P greater than 0.05) between the ER concentrations in the uterus and uterine tube within each treatment group. The affinity constant (KA) of the uterine tubal ER was similar among the treatment groups (P greater than 0.15), and there was no difference (P greater than 0.05) in the KA between the uterus and uterine tubal ER within the P and C treatment groups. The KA of the uterine ER of the EB-treated heifers was greater (P less than 0.001) than that in either P- or C-treated heifers. PMID- 6660613 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus: comparison with complement-fixation and neutralization tests. AB - An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of serum antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was developed and compared with complement-fixation (CF) and viral neutralization (VN) tests. Tissue culture grown viral antigens were used in the tests. Serum samples from various sources were compared, including serum samples from 10 calves which were infected experimentally with BRSV by aerosol exposure. The ELISA compared favorably with the VN test for detecting serologic responses and for detecting passively acquired antibody in young calves. Approximately 98% (109/111) of field serum samples which were positive by the VN test were also positive by ELISA. The ELISA and the CF test both failed to detect early appearing (1 to 4 weeks after exposure) antibody in 2 experimental calves with subclinical infection with BRSV. The CF test appeared to be less specific in that it gave positive reactions with some sera which were negative by both the ELISA and the VN test. The CF test did not detect antibody in 50% of serum samples obtained at the farm from young feeder calves which were positive by both ELISA and the VN test. The ELISA appears to be a sensitive and specific serologic procedure for detecting serum antibody to BRSV and has the advantage of giving test results within several hours, whereas the VN test requires 5 to 6 days for completion. PMID- 6660614 TI - Demonstration of colonies of Anaplasma marginale in the midgut of Rhipicephalus simus. AB - Rhipicephalus simus nymphs were allowed to feed on a cow experimentally infected with the BW-strain of Anaplasma marginale from Republic of South Africa, and they were studied as adults. Colonies were demonstrated by light microscopy in midgut epithelial cells of adult ticks that were unfed (as adults), incubated, or prefed for 72 hours on a cow. The colonies occurred in 5 different morphologic types (1 to 5) that were similar to those described previously for a Virginia isolate of A marginale in Dermacentor andersoni. The colony density (number of colonies/0.001 mm2 midgut tissue examined) ranged from 0 to 2.0 and was highest in unfed ticks that were not incubated (mean 0.566). Colonies observed by light microscopy were sectioned for study with the electron microscope. The colonies contained both electron-dense forms and reticulated forms. The organisms in type 2 and 3 colonies appeared to be attached to one another, and those in type 4 and 5 colonies occurred separately. Small particles were seen within the limiting membrane of some organisms. A few colonies contained a dense matrix and were surrounded by many small electron-dense particles. PMID- 6660615 TI - Reduction of the red blood cell mass of horses: toxic effect of heparin anticoagulant therapy. AB - This study was designed to test the efficacy of heparin anticoagulant therapy in the horse and its effect on the formed elements of blood. Nine clinically normal, nontraumatized adult horses were subjected to 4 different heparin maintenance regimens (dosages of 320, 240, 160, and 40 U/kg of body weight). Porcine intestinal mucosa heparin (20,000 U/ml) was injected subcutaneously every 12 hours for 96 hours (total 9 times). A loading dose of one-third the maintenance dose was given IV just before the first heparin injection. Three control horses were given an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline solution. The 2 large doses of heparin (320, 240 U/kg) resulted in an extension of the therapeutic range for heparin anticoagulant therapy (1.5 to 2.5 X data base-line prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT]). The 160-U/kg dose maintained the APTT in the therapeutic range, and the 40-U/kg dose had no effect on the APTT. Heparin was shown to exert a profound influence on the RBC mass of the horse. Three of the heparin regimens (320, 240, and 160 U/kg) resulted in a significant decrease in RBC numbers, PCV, and total hemoglobin content. Platelet count also was reduced in the horses when given the 320 and 240 U/kg doses. The observed increase in the mean corpuscular volume was associated with decreasing RBC numbers. Plasma proteins, serum bilirubin, free hemoglobin (plasma), haptoglobin (plasma), and urine and fecal hemoglobin values remained unchanged in all groups. Heparin anticoagulation therapy with the smallest dose (40 U/kg) had no detectable effects on the measured values, nor did the saline solution. PMID- 6660616 TI - Effects of toxic doses of phenylbutazone in ponies. AB - Toxic doses of phenylbutazone (10 mg/kg of body weight) were administered to 10 ponies once daily for 14 days. Clinical signs of toxicosis similar to those seen in other species included CNS depression, anorexia, oral ulcers, and soft feces. Six ponies died in 7 to 20 days; 1 pony was euthanatized during an acute abdominal crisis; and 3 ponies survived the study. At necropsy, the major lesions were oral and gastrointestinal ulcerations and renal changes. PMID- 6660617 TI - Succinylcholine infusion associated with hyperthermia in ponies anesthetized with halothane. AB - Succinylcholine was administered by infusion to halothane-anesthetized ponies to determine dosage requirements for surgical relaxation up to 3 hours' duration. This was not possible to do, since 4 of 6 ponies studied developed severe reactions characterized by prolonged muscle fasciculations after the initial succinylcholine dose, muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, hypercapnia, tachycardia, increasing pulse pressure, and metabolic acidosis. The reactions resembled those associated with malignant hyperthermia, a disease recognized in persons and swine. Two ponies showed signs of the phase II or desensitization block of succinylcholine. All ponies recovered from anesthesia without signs of muscle injury. PMID- 6660618 TI - Continuous caudal epidural and subarachnoid anesthesia in mares: a comparative study. AB - A new technique for producing continuous caudal epidural analgesia (CEA) and caudal subarachnoid analgesia (CSA) in adult horses (mares) without causing loss of pelvic limb function is described. A modified 17-gauge Huber-point directional needle was used to place a catheter with stylet into either the epidural or subarachnoid space at the lumbosacral intervertebral junction. The catheter was positioned at either the midsacral (S2-3) subarachnoid space or caudal portion of the sacral (S-3 to S-5) epidural space in 7 mares. The position of the catheter was confirmed radiographically. A 2% solution of mepivacaine HCl was used at an average dose of 0.061 +/- 0.013 mg/kg (1.3 +/- 0.3 ml) to produce CSA and 0.196 +/- 0.034 mg/kg (4.1 +/- 0.7 ml) to produce CEA. Onset of analgesia to superficial and deep muscular pinprick stimulation was faster with CSA than it was with CEA (8.2 +/- 2.4 minutes vs 21.4 +/- 3.8 minutes). Maximal caudal analgesia extended from spinal cord segments S-1 to coccyx during CSA and CEA. Periods of analgesia were shorter with CSA than with CEA (70.0 +/- 21.8 minutes vs 102.1 +/- 13.2 minutes). Perineal (S-4 to S-5) dermatome subcutaneous temperature was increased after epidural and subarachnoid injections of mepivacaine HCl solution. Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures, pulse pressure, rectal temperature, arterial blood gas tensions (PaCO2, PaO2), pHa, hematocrit, and total solid concentrations did not change significantly (P greater than 0.05) from base-line values after injection. The benefits and potential complications of CSA and CEA in horses are discussed. PMID- 6660619 TI - Leptospiral vaccines: immunogenicity of protein-free medium cultivated whole cell bacterins in swine. AB - Swine serologically negative for anti-Leptospira antibodies were given 2 doses of a pentavalent vaccine (3 weeks between doses) prepared from Leptospira serovars canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, hardjo, pomona, and grip-potyphosa (0.2 mg/serovar/dose). Leptospires used for vaccinal production were cultivated in a protein-free medium or in a bovine albumin-containing medium. All vaccinated swine had demonstrable antibody titers within 1 week of the initial vaccination. Peak microscopic agglutination titers were between 256 and 1,024 after the 2nd vaccinal dose was given. After challenge exposure with serovar canicola, control swine had titers of at least 13,653 and the vaccinated swine had titers of 3,403 to 8,192, depending on the vaccine. Leptospiremia and kidney infections were not detected in any canicola Moulton immunized swine, but did appear in control swine. The Al(OH)3 adjuvant had no obvious influence of any of the vaccinal titers. PMID- 6660620 TI - Comparison of five preanesthetic medicaments in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs: antagonism by 4-aminopyridine, yohimbine, and naloxone. AB - Effects of saline solution (groups 1, 2, and 3), xylazine (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, groups 4 and 5), acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg, groups 6 and 7), diazepam (1.0 mg/kg, groups 8 and 9), morphine (1.0 mg/kg, groups 10 and 11), or fentanyl droperidol (0.055 ml/kg, groups 12 and 13), IM were compared in groups of atropinized dogs. Treated dogs were anesthetized to stage III, plane 2 with pentobarbital, IV. After stabilization of anesthesia, the dogs were given IV 0.5 mg of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)/kg + 0.25 mg of yohimbine/kg (groups 2, 5, 7, and 9), or 4-AP + yohimbine + 0.04 mg of naloxone/kg (groups 3, 11, and 13). Groups 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 were given saline solution instead of test antagonists. Required dosage of pentobarbital, arousal and walk times (measured from injection of antagonists), respiratory rate, and heart rate were measured. Emergence phenomena were recorded and graded as smooth, fairly smooth, smooth in some dogs to rough in other dogs, rough, or very rough. In group 1 dogs, mean arousal time (MAT) was 279.5 minutes, mean walk time (MWT) was 583.3 minutes, and emergence was rough. In groups 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12, MAT was decreased by the sedatives to the range of 52 to 115.3 minutes and MWT was decreased to the range of 82.3 to 188.5 minutes. Emergence was smooth (groups 4 and 6), fairly smooth (groups 10 and 12), or smooth to rough (group 8).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6660621 TI - Indocyanine green clearance and ammonia tolerance in partially hepatectomized and hepatic devascularized, anesthetized dogs. AB - Indocyanine green clearance and ammonia tolerance were measured in anesthetized dogs with 60% hepatectomy, 40% hepatectomy, portacaval shunt, and hepatic artery ligation. With a dose of 0.5 mg of indocyanine green/kg of body weight, plasma clearance of the dye was significantly (P less than 0.001) delayed only in dogs with 60% hepatectomy. Ammonia tolerance was abnormal in dogs in this group, because after they were given a gastric challenge load of an ammonium salt, they had a 5-fold increase in plasma ammonia concentration, compared with a 2.5-fold increase in the control group. Before challenge loading, base-line plasma ammonia concentration was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased within 5 minutes after surgical preparation of the portacaval shunt. After challenge loading the stomach with an ammonium salt, dogs with portacaval shunt had increased plasma ammonia concentration, but the amount was not significantly different from postchallenge-loading values in control dogs. Dogs with 40% hepatectomy and with hepatic artery ligation could not be differentiated from control dogs by indocyanine green clearance or by ammonia tolerance testing. Abnormal tolerance to a challenge gastric load of an ammonium salt or delayed clearance of indocyanine green may indicate marked loss of functional hepatic mass, but normal tolerance or normal dye clearance may not exclude liver disease or dysfunction. Seemingly, base-line plasma ammonia concentration was a sensitive indicator of abnormal portal circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6660622 TI - Metabolism and renal handling of sodium arsenate in dogs. AB - Renal handling of sodium arsenate was studied in 5 dogs. Using a low dose (0.73 mg/kg of body weight) of sodium arsenate given IV, variable arsenite concentrations were detected in plasma and urine. Using a medium dose (7.33 mg/kg), the renal tubule cells were determined to be the probable sites of reabsorption of arsenate, reduction of arsenate to arsenite, and secretion or diffusion of the latter into urine. However, using a high dose (14.66 mg/kg), despite a similar pattern of reduction of arsenate to arsenite, marked reabsorption of arsenite into plasma took place instead of secretion or diffusion into urine. Because of reabsorption, the amount of arsenite in plasma (18.4 +/- 3.5% of the total As) was about 3 times higher than that measured during the medium dose experiment (6.0 +/- 1.0%). During the clearance experiments which lasted 110 minutes, only 40% to 45% of the arsenate infused was excreted in urine, and a minimal amount of dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) was detected. In contrast, by the next day, DMAA was the major metabolite excreted in urine. This excretion of As as DMAA was partly due to delayed excretion of 55% to 60% As that was stored in the body and was subsequently metabolized. PMID- 6660623 TI - Plasma coagulation factor abnormalities in dogs with naturally occurring hepatic disease. AB - The plasma values for factors (F)VII, FVIII:C, FVIIIR:Ag, FIX, FX, and FXI and the thrombin clotting time (TCT) were determined for 28 dogs with naturally occurring hepatic disease. The major morphologic type of hepatic disease present in a given dog, as determined by hepatic biopsy and histopathologic examination, was degeneration (12 dogs), inflammation (9 dogs), cirrhosis (3 dogs), or neoplasia (4 dogs). A specific morphologic diagnosis also was made for each dog in the study. Plasma coagulation factor values and screening tests were consistently abnormal in greater than 50% of the dogs with each type of hepatic disease as follows: degeneration--decreased FXI; inflammation--increased FVIIIR:Ag; cirrhosis--shortened TCT, decreased FIX, FX, and FXI, and increased FVIIIR:Ag; and neoplasia--shortened TCT, decreased FVIII:C, and increased FVIIIR:Ag. The plasma coagulation factor values were compared with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, fibrinogen fibrin degradation product (FDP) concentration, and the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) to determine the sensitivity and specificity of each test in detection of hepatic disease. Of all dogs with hepatic disease, 93% had at least 1 abnormal coagulation test value. The PT and APTT were abnormal in 50% and 75%, respectively, of these same dogs. Increased serum ALT and ALP activities were present in 61% and 50%, respectively, and FDP concentrations were increased in 14% of dogs with hepatic disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6660624 TI - Arrhythmogenicity of dopamine, dobutamine, and epinephrine in thiamylal-halothane anesthetized dogs. AB - The arrhythmogenicity of epinephrine, dopamine, and dobutamine, administered by constant-rate infusion, was determined in vagotomized and nonvagotomized thiamylal-halothane anesthetized dogs. Electrocardiograms and atrioventricular bundle electrograms revealed the development of atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias. The 3 drugs produced atrial arrhythmias at dosages smaller than those required to produce ventricular arrhythmias. The mean dosages (microgram/kg-1/min-1) required to produce ventricular arrhythmias on duplicate trials in vagotomized dogs were for epinephrine, 0.6 +/- 0.2; dopamine, 22.8 +/- 14.8; and dobutamine, 11.6 +/- 5.2. The corresponding doses for nonvagotomized dogs were for epinephrine, 0.8 +/- 0.3; dopamine, 35.3 +/- 13.5; and dobutamine, 21.9 +/- 13.9. Most ventricular arrhythmias originated from a single focus in the left ventricle. Heart rate and blood pressure were significantly increased immediately before ventricular arrhythmia appeared. We conclude that epinephrine, dopamine, and dobutamine are capable of producing cardiac arrhythmias in vagotomized and nonvagotomized thiamylal-halothane anesthetized dogs and that bilateral vagotomy decreases the dosage of epinephrine, dopamine, and dobutamine required to produce cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 6660625 TI - Hyaloid artery patency in neonatal beagles. AB - The patency of the hyaloid artery in neonatal Beagles was evaluated after liquid latex perfusion. As early as postpartum day 5, some pups had closure of the most distal branches of the vessels of the posterior lens tunica, but in these, many larger branches were open. Other pups at postpartum days 5 and 6 had substantially all of the blood vessels of the posterior tunica vasculosa lentis open. Few tunica vessels were patent in any pups beyond day 13, and none was patent after day 17. Persistent hyaloid remnants at the optic disk were evident in 3 of 16 pups 17 to 28 days old, but absent in the others. PMID- 6660626 TI - Experimental Toxocara canis infection in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Visceral larva migrans was produced in 16 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) experimentally inoculated with 45,000 embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis as a single bolus or in 3 divided doses. The hematologic and serologic changes were similar to those observed in children with visceral Toxocara infection. Neurologic signs developed in 3 animals and were characterized by ataxia and nystagmus. Growth rates were diminished in inoculated animals when compared with the rates in noninoculated controls. Diagnostic antibody titers as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were noted in all inoculated macaques by the 4th week, and these titers persisted during the 7-month period of observation. Antibody to Toxocara was not detected in the aqueous or vitreous humors. Lesions comprised severe granulomatous hepatitis and encephalomyelitis. Intraocular lesions associated with larval migration were not observed. PMID- 6660628 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of equine alveolar macrophages. AB - A device was constructed from an equine nasogastric tube, polyethylene tubing, and a 3-way stopcock and used to lavage the lungs of anesthetized ponies. The technique was safe and atraumatic in that 6.4 to 19.7 X 10(7) purified alveolar macrophages were removed from the lungs without harm to the ponies or contamination of the samples with blood. Studies of these highly purified cell suspensions revealed a mean viability of 85% as assessed by eosin dye exclusion with a mean recovery (+/- SD) of 12.5 +/- 4.8 X 10(7) pulmonary alveolar macrophages/pony. PMID- 6660627 TI - Effects of giving ethionine on the parathion-metabolizing enzymes in the liver of fasted calves. AB - DL-Ethionine (0.87 g/kg) or saline solution (equivalent volume) was administered IV to 4-month-old calves which had been fasted 60 hours before slaughter. The livers of the ethionine-treated calves were large, had a high lipid content, and were diffusely pale yellow on the cut surface. The livers of the saline-treated group were shrunken. In liver samples from calves of both groups, there was reduced parathion and paraoxon metabolism. In the ethionine-treated group, parathion desulfuration also was reduced. In all cases, the changes were greater in the ethionine-treated animals. Fasting of calves with saline solution or ethionine treatment caused a lowering of the liver biotransformation of parathion and paraoxon. PMID- 6660629 TI - Biliary excretion of infused conjugated sulfobromophthalein in sheep heterozygote for the transport defect present in mutant Corriedale sheep. AB - Biliary excretion of dye was measured in 2 clinically normal and 2 heterozygote Corriedale sheep (the mutant Corriedale is characterized by depressed biliary transport of conjugated sulfobromophthalein (SBP) compounds) during infusion of the preformed glutathione conjugate of SBP. Maximal rates of excretion of conjugated SBP compounds in bile were comparable in heterozygote Corriedale and clinically normal sheep. These 2 heterozygote sheep do not express the biliary transport defect observed in mutant Corriedale sheep during SBP-glutathione infusion. PMID- 6660630 TI - Activity of flubendazole against developing stages of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs. AB - A formulation of flubendazole was studied to determine the activity against developing stages of Dirofilaria immitis in artificially infected pups. Flubendazole suspension was administered subcutaneously at a dose rate of 50 mg/kg of body weight once a day for 1, 3, or 5 consecutive days at various times during the experimental period. The pups were necropsied 6 months after the experimental infection, and the heart and pulmonary arteries were examined for adult worms. Optimal activity was obtained when flubendazole suspension was administered subcutaneously for 5 consecutive days, either 1 or 2 months after infection. The formation of encapsulated deposits, containing white viscous fluid, was observed at the injection sites of all treated pups. PMID- 6660632 TI - Presidential address. Crime and violence in America. The victims. PMID- 6660631 TI - Rapid identification of dominant Brucella antigens, using a microagglutination test. AB - A microagglutination test was used to identify Brucella dominant antigens from 400 Brucella and non-Brucella cultures. There was 100% agreement between microagglutination and tube agglutination tests in identifying dominant antigen. PMID- 6660633 TI - Federal mental health policymaking. An assessment of deinstitutionalization. PMID- 6660634 TI - The employment of APA members: 1982. PMID- 6660636 TI - Health personnel requirements, service delivery, and national policy. A conversation with Thomas D. Hatch. Interview by Gary R. VandenBos and Walter F. Batchelor. PMID- 6660635 TI - Service providers in psychology. Results of the 1982 APA Human Resources Survey. PMID- 6660637 TI - Political business cycles, presidential elections, and suicide and mortality patterns. PMID- 6660638 TI - [Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage. A surgical problem?]. AB - Eight cases of neonatal adrenal haemorrhage are reported, four of which were necropsy findings, two were treated conservatively and the remaining two underwent exploratory and evacuation laparotomy. The four latter patients recovered. Diverse clinical pictures which may be present at the onset of adrenal haemorrhage in newborns are reviewed and particularly the indications for surgery. In this report, one laparotomy was done to establish a differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal mass, and the other after onset of intense hemoperitoneum and signs of hypovolemic shock. Different pathogenic hypotheses about this entity are contemplated, particularly traumas and circumstances surrounding birth; one of the reported cases coincided with a known birth-injury. The various diagnostic methods in use today and their degree of usefulness or risk also come into discussion. Special mention is made about calcifications of the adrenal glands in this disease and they are compared to calcifications found in other pediatric problems. PMID- 6660639 TI - [Muscular dystrophy with central nervous system involvement. Apropos of 2 Spanish cases]. AB - Two spanish male brothers with weakness and muscular dystrophy and affection of the CNS are presented. Muscular disturbances were noticeable from birth and, although generalized, they affected more severely proximal muscles. Both children presented joint contractures from an early stage. None of the patients got to walk and to stand. Muscular serum enzymes were slightly elevated. EMG and muscular histology were compatible with conventional pathology of PMD. Other features of severe alteration of CNS were observed in both patients, being the most significant lack of sphincter control at 13 and 7 years old, mental retardation with an IQ about 70, generalized seizures at 10 years in the older boy and presence of brain alterations at computerized tomography (CT), consisting in low density on subcortical brain parenchima in both cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum in the older brother and in both cerebral hemispheres in the younger. Clinical course is stationary in both brothers. It seems that in our patients there is an autosomal recessive heredity. All clinical, genetic, EMG, CT and histological features are compatible with congenital progressive muscular dystrophy of Fukuyama type. PMID- 6660640 TI - [Deficiency of triosephosphate isomerase. Apropos of 2 new cases]. AB - Two siblings, born of a no consanguineous couple, a female and a male, affected by a severe and progressive neurological disease and chronic hemolytic anemia are presented. Their clinical, hematological, biochemical and pathological studies are discussed. One of the patients showed a triosephosphate isomerase deficiency and the carrier condition of their parents was tested. Commentaries about physiopathology of this disease are made. PMID- 6660641 TI - [Familial syndrome of microcephaly with oculocutaneous albinism and digital anomalies]. AB - Authors make a report concerning a male patient who presents microcephaly, oculocutaneus albinism, hypoplasia of the distal phalanx of the 1st, 3rd and 4th finger of the right hand, 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th finger of the left hand and agenesia of the distal end of the big toe of the right foot. They think it is a new dysmorphic syndrome. Because of patient's sister presented a similar picture they suggest that it may be an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. PMID- 6660642 TI - [Ventricular tachycardia in a healthy child. Electrophysiological study and review of the literature]. AB - Report of a healthy child with ventricular tachycardia is the reason for a review on the literature on this subject. Diagnosis can be made with usual electrocardiographic criteria and surely by electrophysiologic studies. Latter technique allows to study the origin, mechanism, efficiency of drugs and the type of pace-maker in case of drug treatment failure. Case report exemplifies all these aspects, and the essentials about etiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment are mentioned in the literature review. PMID- 6660643 TI - [Continuous Holter electrocardiogram in children. Analysis of 100 traces]. AB - Authors analyse the value of the Holter system for diagnosis and follow-up of cardiac dysrhythmias. They report their experience from 100 records performed to 87 patients, who were between one day and 14 years old. Among them, 58 were male and 42 female. The recorder and analyser were automatics holter II/Quickscan, and the program was 24 hours in all cases. For the study of results, patients were divided in five groups (34 dysrhythmias; 18 neurologic; 10 were normal control; 20 newborns between 1 and 7 days; and 17 in a miscellaneous group). They emphasized on the possibility of the system to be performed in pediatric patients, even in the youngest; on the worth of records from neurologic with normal clinical examinations; on diagnostic aspects of undetected dysrhythmias by ECG (30%), and to know the normal values from the control group. Tables and figures show rhythm types and quantitative values; finally they comment on artifacts and indications. PMID- 6660644 TI - [Myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemia in newborn children and infants, not secondary to an abnormal coronary]. AB - Three cases (one, newborn infant and two infants--one of them recently published- ) who present electrocardiographic and enzymatic alterations comparative with diagnosis of ischemia and myocardial infarction are reported. Rarity of this entity in infants is stressed as most of published cases are secondary to ananomolous coronary artery. Etiology of the cases presented shows a myocardiac fibrosis with Schwachman's syndrome in one case, a coronary thrombosis secondary to a disseminated intravascular coagulation in a second case, and finally a generalized hypoplasia of coronary arteries. Hypoxia appears in these cases a factor acting in favour of myocardial ischemia. Diagnostic criteria of acute myocardial infarction are based on typical electrocardiogram and rise of isoenzymes of LDH and CPK-MB. Although rare, it is a diagnosis to be considered in cases of unknow cardiac insufficiency in newborns and infants. PMID- 6660645 TI - [Bladder puncture in premature newborn infants with bacteriuria in the urine collected in bags]. AB - A prospective study was made in a selected group of premature newborns who had presented bacteriuria in bag collected urine. Authors have analysed the real inside of urinary tract infection evidenced by suprapubic bladder aspiration in these children. These study includes the separation in two groups, with or without symptomatology, and therapy used in both cases. A high incidence of false bacteriurias was observed in bag collected urines, early in the asymptomatic group, where females were greater part. They have observed also a small correlation between clinic manifestations and urinocultive results and urinary sediment. The possible clinical, biological and bacteriological parameters were considered in order to see the better to suspect a urinary tract infection. Clinical symptomatology, and suprapubic bladder aspiration were the best to confirm it. Authors don't recommend neither aspiration nor urinocultive as routine techniques in prematures. PMID- 6660646 TI - [M-mode echocardiography in the non-invasive postoperative follow-up of interatrial communication]. AB - Echocardiographic changes following surgical closure of atrial septal defect in 20 children are analyzed in order to get data for future noninvasive follow-up. After surgery, right ventricular diastolic dimension and index (p less than 0.001), tricuspid valve depth (p less than 0.01), septal depth (p less than 0.001), and right ventricular outflow tract (p less than 0.005) decreases the DE slope (p less than 0.025) and amplitude (p less than 0.05) of the mitral valve, and the left ventricular diastolic dimension and volume (p less than 0.001) increases. There was no case with type A paradogical septal motion after surgery; of the 6 cases with type B before surgery there was no changes in 3, al of them older than 8 years. The right ventricular diastolic volume overload produced by ostium secundum atrial septal defect, produce some echocardiographic changes which have a tendency to settle down after surgery. The finding of a dilated right ventricle with of without a type B paradogical septal motion, specially in children older than 8 years, is not necessarily indicative of a residual shunt. PMID- 6660647 TI - [Intestinal parasitoses: contribution to their clinical diagnosis]. AB - A fairly high number of symptoms are usually ascribed to intestinal parasites, a fact leading many times to various treatments in the absence of diagnostic evidence. Aiming to correlate presence of parasite with that of signs and symptoms authors have reviewed 1,131 patients submitted, for several reasons, to a search of parasites which was positive in only 384 cases. Authors conclude that only eosinophilia is a quite constant finding in E. vermicularis infestation and abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea are often present during giardia infestations. PMID- 6660648 TI - [Oto-cranio-facial syndromes with asymmetrical involvement of the face]. AB - Four cases otocraniumfacial syndromes with asymmetrical affectation of the face are presented. Clinic, radiologic and genetic studies are made. Authors comment the difference between Goldenhar's syndrome and hemifacial microsomia. Finally the etiopathogenic thesis, differential diagnostics and treatment are commented. PMID- 6660649 TI - [Meconium intestinal obstruction in a premature infant without mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 6660650 TI - [Trichophagia, trichobezoar, intestinal invagination and iron deficiency]. PMID- 6660653 TI - [Poisoning caused by ingestion of Coriaria myrtifolia. Study of 25 cases]. AB - Histories of 25 children of Hospital "San Lazaro" have been reviewed. They had eaten the fruits of the plant known as Coriaria Myrtifolia. Thirteen of these children presented digestive symptoms, nine of them suffered from neurologic signs which went from physical features to seizures and coma. The treatment was elimination of the toxic and symptomatic. Evolution was in all cases good, disappearing symptoms in the first day except in one case. The plant and its toxicity is described. PMID- 6660651 TI - [Normal fatty acid values in lipid fractions of plasma in the pediatric period]. AB - A total of 40 blood samples (8 from umbilical cord, 12 from infants aged 0-2 years, and 20 from older children) have been analyzed. Fatty acid composition of different plasma lipidic fractions were determined. The differences showed between these age groups are described. Their possible use as standards for comparison with several disorders is proposed. PMID- 6660652 TI - [Food hypersensitivity in infants]. AB - In a group of 41 infants with immediate, IgE mediated, food hypersensitivity, food anamnesis was specific in 60 per 100 and food challenge positive in 29 out of 34 times. Total serum IgE levels were raised in 80 per 100. In 26 instances symptoms appeared with the first food intake (15 cases) or there was sensitization before ingestion (11 cases); all but three were breast fed. Moreover, breast feeding in patients of the whole group had higher prevalence (p less than 0,001) than in a non-sensitized control group. These results suggest that food hypersensitivity in infants occurs very often without previous antigen intake and it is not always followed by clinical intolerance. Breast milk and/or transplacental antigen passage are probably important ways of sensitization. If so, it seems that minute quantities of antigen may be more fit for sensitization, provided the possible genetic high responsiveness for IgE synthesis in those infants. PMID- 6660654 TI - [Gastric acidity and serum levels of pepsinogen I and gastrin in children with primary duodenal ulcer]. AB - A population of 8 children aged 7 to 13 and radiologically and/or endoscopically diagnosed of duodenal ulcer is compared with another made up of 12 normal children of similar ages and weights. In both groups gastric secretion, basal and after pentagastrin stimulation, and serum levels of gastrin and pepsinogen I, basal and after pentagastrin stimulation, and serum levels of gastrin and pepsinogen pepsinogen basal and after pentagastrin stimulation, and serum levels of gastrin and pepsinogen I, basal and after proteic meal, were studied. BAO, MAO and PAO were significantly higher in ulcer patients. Gastrinemia, both basal and stimulated, were rather similar in both groups. Serum pepsinogen I was always higher in ulcer patients in the basal state than in their healthy counterparts (greater than ng/ml vs. 30-50 ng/ml), but was not modified by proteic meal in either group. The fact that all ulcer children had a familial history and a basal pepsinogen I elevated, aside with the secretory response to stimulation, suggests that ulcer can be result either of an increased mass or of a higher sensitivity of gastric parietal cells that could be related to genetic factors. PMID- 6660655 TI - [The cost of measles in Spain]. AB - With the purpose of obtaining information useful to plan massive measles vaccination campaigns in this country two retrospective surveys were carried out to evaluate cost of care as well as age and seasonal distribution of measles in Spain. Two samples made of 1.781 and 701 school-children, living in a 137.000 inhabitants city and representative of the industrial, construction and services sectors of the spanish population (81.920 of it), were interviewed. The mean cost of care per case was of 8.252 pts. Before six years of age 92% of the individuals studied had had measles, 51% of them between March and May. Between 20 and 24% of patients were 24 months old or less; among the latter group age distribution was the following 50% below 12 months, 35% between 12 and 18 months and 15% between 18 and 24 months. PMID- 6660656 TI - [Isolated isoleucine deficiency in diet therapy of a case of maple syrup urine disease]. AB - A case of maple syrup urine disease is described presenting during diet therapy a clinical picture with predominant cutaneous symptoms attributed to a dietary deficiency. It is believed that probable cause was the coexistence of low serum levels of isoleucine with still elevated levels of leucine. Given the metabolic interrelationship existing between different branch-chained amino acids, an independent dietary correction of each amino acid is recommended. PMID- 6660657 TI - [3 patients with maple syrup urine disease]. AB - Clinical manifestations, biochemistry and treatment of three patients with the inherited alteration of the so called maple syrup urine disease are presented. Diagnosis was based upon both detection of high concentrations of leucine, isoleucine, valine and their corresponding alpha-ketoacids in plasma and urine, and existence of a peculiar odor as well as an intense, progressive, neurological alteration. Considering the early onset of clinical symptoms, low protein tolerance and very reduced rate of leucine decarboxylation in cultured fibroblasts, the three patients exhibited grade I, classical type of this disease. None of them responded favorably to suprapharmacological doses of thiamine. Treatment of the patients is discussed and compared with that recommended in the literature. PMID- 6660658 TI - [Xanthine lithiasis in a case of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome treated with allopurinol]. AB - Classically it is considered that vital prognosis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome depends on renal affectation secondary to uric nephropathy. A case of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome treated with Allopurinol is described which presented multiple and bilateral renal stones by precipitation of xanthine. Treatment with Allopurinol inhibits the formation of uric acid and qualitatively renal excretion of oxypurines modifies. In special circumstances (disminution of urinary output and pH), they can precipitate and originate a radiotransparent lithiasis with uric lithiasis. Interest of this case, lies in being alert to possible xanthine stone formation in patients with a large excretion of purinics metabolites, who are treated with Allopurinol. PMID- 6660659 TI - [Placental chorioangioma and neonatal intracranial hemorrhage]. PMID- 6660660 TI - [Congenital segmental dilatation of the colon]. PMID- 6660661 TI - [Hepatic hemangiolymphangioma in an infant]. PMID- 6660662 TI - [Incidence of genetic and congenital changes in the locomotor system in adolescence]. PMID- 6660663 TI - [Incidence of psychopathological changes in adolescence with a large genetic component]. PMID- 6660665 TI - [Delayed puberty]. PMID- 6660664 TI - [Disorders of puberty development]. PMID- 6660666 TI - [Diagnosis of precocious puberty]. PMID- 6660667 TI - [Treatment of precocious puberty]. PMID- 6660668 TI - [Precocious pubarche and telarche]. PMID- 6660669 TI - [Pathology of bronchial secretion: therapeutic measures]. PMID- 6660670 TI - [Urinary infections and uropathies]. PMID- 6660671 TI - [Clinical importance of the localization of urinary infections in childhood]. PMID- 6660672 TI - [Recurrent urinary tract infection in girls: developmental analysis of 39 cases. Preliminary summary]. PMID- 6660673 TI - [Treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 6660674 TI - [Treatment of infectious bronchopulmonary processes]. PMID- 6660675 TI - [Neuroblastoma. Therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 6660676 TI - [Pregnancy in the adolescent]. PMID- 6660677 TI - [Incidence of hereditary diseases in adolescence]. PMID- 6660678 TI - [The incidence of cancer in "solitary" cold nodules of the thyroid. Personal experience in 646 operated cases]. PMID- 6660679 TI - [Criteria of choice of treatment and operative methods in congenital arteriovenous fistulas (considerations on 59 cases observed 1979-1982)]. PMID- 6660680 TI - [Personal experience in fiberoptic bronchoscopy: report on the 1st 600 cases]. PMID- 6660682 TI - [Progress in the treatment of hydatidosis]. PMID- 6660681 TI - [The neurogenic factor in the origin of bladder dysfunction after abdomino perineal amputation of the rectum by the Miles technic: urodynamic study of 25 patients]. PMID- 6660683 TI - Dust levels in flax mills in Northern Ireland 1961-1981. PMID- 6660684 TI - Blood- and air-lead concentrations during five years of occupational exposure: the effectiveness of an occupational hygiene programme and problems due to welding operations. PMID- 6660685 TI - Relationships between simultaneous airborne dust samples taken with five types of instruments at South African asbestos mines and mills. PMID- 6660686 TI - The effects of dispersion on fibrous clays in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6660687 TI - Audiometry--the ultimate test of success? PMID- 6660688 TI - Follow-up study on the lung retention of welding fumes among shipyard welders. PMID- 6660689 TI - General fibrosis syndrome. AB - Fibrosis of the extraocular muscles can involve multiple muscles, including the levator, and become part of the general fibrosis syndrome, which is characterized by the replacement of normal muscle tissue by fibrous tissue of varying degrees. The characteristics of this syndrome are well described although they are often confused with other similar entities. Fourteen patients are presented who display the typical characteristics of the syndrome with three members of one family being highlighted in our study. It is not currently known or described that visual acuities are problems in these children, but refractive error may not only be significant but it may vary with time and failure to pay particular attention to this fact may lead to amblyopia. The surgical correction of the strabismus is difficult but should be attempted because of the benefit it can offer, particularly from the cosmetic standpoint. PMID- 6660690 TI - Combined phakomatoses: a case report of Sturge-Weber and Wyburn-Mason syndrome occurring in the same individual. AB - A patient exhibiting ocular and systemic manifestations of both Sturge-Weber and Wyburn-Mason syndrome is described. The ocular, dermatologic, and neurological findings are detailed. The simultaneous occurrence of more than one phakomatosis is rare, but several combinations have been described in the literature. This appears to be the first report of this particular combination of phakomatoses. PMID- 6660691 TI - Arcuate pigment epithelial dystrophy. AB - Five cases of an atypical pigmentary retinopathy are described. Findings consisted of a pigment epithelial atrophy occurring in an arcuate fashion, with corresponding visual field and angiographic transmission defects. The pigment epithelial atrophy was subtle, bilateral, and symmetrical. A familial pattern was not present. Electrophysiologic findings were normal or mildly subnormal. The process usually spared the macula. However, two patients demonstrated centrocecal scotomata with an associated significant decrease in visual acuity--a finding not previously described. PMID- 6660692 TI - Cyclic strabismus. AB - An unusual age of presentation of cyclic strabismus, which became constant in a relatively short period of time without a previous history of surgery, trauma, or strabismus, is reported. The mechanism of cyclic strabismus is still unknown; however, most cases are treated successfully with strabismus surgery. Cyclic strabismus is distinct from other rhythmic diseases in that peripheral manipulation of the target organ results in resolution of the deviation. PMID- 6660693 TI - Ultrasonic chorioretinopathy: a chloroquine vs control study. AB - High frequency ultrasound was used to produce chorioretinal lesions in two groups of pigmented rabbits. The control group received no medications. The other group was treated with subretinotoxic doses of chloroquine. Our experiment showed that the untreated group developed focal chorioretinal lesions and ricochet lesions at lower energies than did the chloroquinated group. We postulated that chloroquine, a melanin binding drug, altered melanin's ability to process ultrasonic energy by sonic-thermal conversion. This work suggests that chloroquine, even in subretinotoxic doses, may still exert an effect on the retina by chemically binding melanin and preventing its function as an energy transport system. PMID- 6660694 TI - Results of 106Ru/Rh-radiation of choroidal melanomas. AB - The results of 106Ru/Rh-irradiation in 42 eyes with choroidal melanomas from 1980 to 1983 are reviewed. Indication for this treatment is a tumor size of 1 to 6 mm prominence and maximum extension of 18 mm (12 diameter papillae). In 24 cases a total regression ("grey mouse") was found after an observation time of 12 to 36 months. In nine cases a second irradiation was performed, in four cases an additional photocoagulation. One patient with an advanced tumor (11 mm prominent, single eye) died one year after treatment. PMID- 6660695 TI - Traumatic lens abscess: report of a case. AB - A young boy had the slow evolution of a lens abscess after sustaining an intraocular injury while hammering metal on metal. Although an intraocular foreign body was suspected, it could never be localized. The capacity of the lens to isolate an infection (with or without a foreign body) was demonstrated. Many difficulties were encountered in the management of this case. PMID- 6660696 TI - Transient myopia following isosorbide dinitrate. AB - A 38-year-old white woman consistently developed transient myopia following the administration of isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil). The myopia was associated with a decreased amplitude of accommodation, a reduction of the AC/A ratio and was eliminated by cycloplegia. Ciliary spasm secondary to the ingestion of this medication is proposed as a possible explanation for the transient myopia. To our knowledge, this case represents the first case of transient myopia following isosorbide dinitrate administration. PMID- 6660697 TI - Laboratory studies in chronic conjunctivitis. AB - Conjunctival cultures and scrapings for cytological examination were done in 852 cases of chronic conjunctivitis. Bacteria were recovered in 464. Of these, Staphylococcus sp were isolated in 91%; their etiologic importance over normal flora is questionable. Important cytological findings included atypical epithelium (three cases), Halberstaedter-Prowazek inclusion bodies (two), and eosinophils (104). Epithelial degenerative changes were common (585 cases). Crystals (105) and microorganisms (283) were other frequent findings. Active infection seems to be an uncommon cause of chronic conjunctivitis. Cultures are important in avoiding unnecessary antibiotic therapy when no organism is present. Cytological examination can be a helpful diagnostic adjunct in selected cases and is to be recommended especially in chronic follicular conjunctivitis, possible drug toxicity or allergy, dry eye states, and other atypical clinical presentations. PMID- 6660698 TI - Respiratory arrest after retrobulbar bupivicaine. PMID- 6660699 TI - Respiratory arrest following bupivicaine retrobulbar block. PMID- 6660700 TI - When to treat ocular hypertension. PMID- 6660701 TI - Recovery of vision following treatment of the ocular ischemic syndrome. AB - A case of the ocular ischemic syndrome secondary to carotid artery occlusive disease responded to comprehensive treatment. The mode of presentation of the ocular ischemic syndrome is reviewed and the differential diagnosis discussed. Fluorescein angiography and electroretinography are shown to be useful adjuncts in the diagnosis and in assessing treatment. Emphasis is placed on early aggressive ocular therapy aimed at lowering intraocular pressure, maintaining an open anterior chamber angle, and reducing the ischemic drive for iris neovascularization in combination with carotid artery bypass surgery. The potential for success with this comprehensive approach is illustrated. PMID- 6660702 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase activity in ocular tumors. AB - Estimates of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in aqueous and serum was carried out on 15 cases of benign ocular tumor, 15 cases of malignant tumor, and 15 normal cases. LDH levels were high in serum and aqueous of cases with malignant tumor as compared to benign tumor and control cases. Total LDH activity in serum and aqueous was grossly elevated in malignant tumor cases (specially retinoblastoma). PMID- 6660703 TI - Penetrating orbital foreign body with intracranial involvement. AB - A 19-year-old man presented with a penetrating orbital foreign body. Preoperative evaluation established involvement of the middle cranial fossa and right internal carotid artery. An extensive preoperative evaluation of penetrating orbital trauma and a combined ophthalmic neurosurgical approach is recommended to ensure complete removal of the foreign material and to minimize the morbidity of the surgical extraction. PMID- 6660704 TI - Temporal contrast sensitivity in optic neuritis and amblyopia. AB - Temporal contrast sensitivity was measured in patients with optic neuritis and anisometropic amblyopia. In optic neuritis, attenuated sensitivity was detected at all frequency ranges; however, its degree was more severe than that of retinal diseases even when visual acuity was the same. At the convalescent stage, the low frequency sensitivity was restored first, and high-frequency loss was observed even when the visual acuity was restored to 1.0. Two amblyopic patients showed attenuated sensitivity at high- and intermediate-frequency ranges, and in one case all frequency sensitivity attenuated. Three other patients showed normal sensitivity. By occlusion of the nonamblyopic eye, recovery of sensitivity was observed in one patient, whose visual acuity improved. PMID- 6660705 TI - Comparison of atropine and tropicamide in esotropia. AB - Forty-one patients with esodeviation (82 eyes) were subjected first to 1% tropicamide and retinoscopy and then to retinoscopy after the use of 0.5% to 1% atropine sulfate in children with esodeviation up to the age of 5 years. The ages ranged from 2 months to 5 years, and the esodeviation ranged from 5 to 50 diopters (D). There were 20 male and 21 female patients. The average difference in the cycloplegia showed +.80 D more hyperopia with atropine than with tropicamide therapy. This was believed to be important, particularly in the young age group with esodeviation. PMID- 6660706 TI - The corneal endothelium following photocoagulation: induced decompensation. AB - The wide-field specular microscope was used to study retrospectively the corneal endothelia of six patients. Each patient had recovered from an episode of corneal decompensation in one eye, which consisted of subepithelial edema, punctate staining, iritis, and a fixed dilated pupil, following retinal photocoagulation with the xenon arc. In each case, the normal and the previously decompensated eyes were found to have equal endothelial cell counts and indistinguishable cell morphology. Nothing was seen to suggest why these corneas should have decompensated. It is concluded that photocoagulation-induced corneal decompensation did not produce permanent morphological changes in corneal endothelial cells. Possible mechanisms of corneal decompensation are discussed. PMID- 6660707 TI - Presumed ocular histoplasmosis in Europe: a case report. AB - A case of presumed ocular histoplasmosis was diagnosed in a diabetic patient, and an angiographic study of the ocular lesions was carried out. Results of histoplasmin skin test and the specific complement fixation test were negative. The epidemiologic aspects of histoplasmosis in Europe are considered. PMID- 6660708 TI - Alternate-day steroid therapy for patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 6660709 TI - Infantile convergence-evoked nystagmus. AB - A case of convergence-evoked nystagmus in a healthy 15-month-old boy is presented. This is clinically demonstrated to be induced by fusional convergence, and not related to accommodative, tonic, or proximal convergence. The lack of neurological or ophthalmic abnormalities supports the classification of a "congenital" type of this rare phenomenon. A differential diagnosis is also discussed. PMID- 6660710 TI - Corneal curvature and trachoma. AB - In a study of 141 cases in different stages of trachoma, a definite change was observed in the curvature of upper part of cornea, which had become ectatic. The difference in curvature depended on the stage and severity of the trachoma. Most of the patients had fourth stage trachoma. Also, the degree of ectasia was greatest in the late stages of the disease--a point that must be kept in mind when lamellar keratoplasty is done in this type of case. PMID- 6660711 TI - Differential diagnosis of unilateral glaucoma: Part I: Definition and classification. PMID- 6660712 TI - Estimating the power of a minus spectacle while worn by the patient. AB - This paper presents a new method of estimating the power of a minus spectacle lens without removing the spectacle from the patient's face. The examiner shines a small light toward the spectacle and measures the separation between the images reflected from the front and rear surfaces of the lens. The study presents a relationship between separation of reflected images and the power of minus lenses from 0 to -12 D. The article also contains a theoretical explanation of the phenomenon. PMID- 6660713 TI - Choroidal melanomas and paving stone degeneration. AB - The association between malignant melanoma of the choroid and paving stone degeneration noted anterior to this tumor is described in five eyes. Presumably, the paving stone lesions develop from peripheral choroidal insufficiency induced by vascular compromise from the space-occupying tumor. This phenomenon is not unique to choroidal melanomas, for we have also observed it in association with a choroidal nevus and a metastatic carcinoma to the choroid. PMID- 6660714 TI - Bilateral submacular hemorrhages associated with an influenza syndrome. AB - Bilateral submacular hemorrhages developed in a 21-year-old female nurse after a flulike illness. No subretinal neovascularization was detectable. She had a fourfold rise in serum antibody titer to influenza type A. Subjective visual changes were noted on Amsler grid, but vision remained 20/20 and the hemorrhages resolved spontaneously. A focal choroiditis in the macular area is postulated as being a possible mechanism for the development of the hemorrhages. PMID- 6660715 TI - Edge-light pupil cycle time and optic nerve disease. AB - Edge-light pupil cycle time is a quantitative measure of pupil reaction to light, dependent on the functioning of the afferent arm of the pupillary reflex arc. It has been used as an objective assessment of optic nerve function in various neuroophthalmic diseases. In this study, pupil cycle times were determined on 60 eyes of 30 normal subjects, and a mean value of 814 ms with an upper limit of normal at 935 ms was established. The average difference between the two eyes was 34 ms, and the upper limit of normal was 79 ms. Pupil cycle times were then performed on ten eyes with optic atrophy, and all ten (100%) had abnormal values. Nine patients with multiple sclerosis were tested and abnormal cycle times were found in 15 of 18 eyes (83%). Five additional patients with questionable diagnoses were tested, and all but one had abnormal pupil cycle times. A discussion of pupil reactions in optic nerve disease is presented, and the value of edge-light pupil cycle time as a quantitative measure of nerve function is assessed. PMID- 6660716 TI - Fungal-contaminated soft contact lenses. AB - Examination of clinically seen fungal-contaminated soft contact lenses reveals fungus within the matrix of the lenses in a highly reproductive state. To study the potential hazard of fungal-contaminated soft contact lenses to the cornea, such lenses were placed on abraded corneas of ten rabbits. Sterile lenses were placed on the opposite abraded cornea of each rabbit as a control. Although no fungal keratitis was documented in this experiment, the persistent corneal epithelial disruption seen in seven rabbits, plus the highly reproductive state of the fungus within the lens suggests fungal-contaminated lenses may pose a significant risk to the patient. We recommend prompt replacement of contaminated lenses and instruction of the patient on proper lens hygiene. PMID- 6660717 TI - Ultraviolet light, cataracts, and spectacle wear. AB - Two groups of patients older than 60 years were examined for degree of development of nuclear sclerotic cataracts. The first group of patients had worn glass spectacles for a majority of their lives, while the patients in the second group had never worn spectacles or had worn only reading glasses. Subjects in the group with spectacles showed significantly less development of sclerotic nuclear lens changes. These findings may be due to the screening effect by spectacle glass of light in the ultraviolet range and suggest that uv light may be one of the risk factors in the development of nuclear sclerotic cataracts. PMID- 6660718 TI - Ophthalmic manifestations of mucoceles. AB - Two patients with mucoceles are described. The first case had exophthalmos, and the second had visual loss suggestive of retrobulbar optic neuritis. Possible ocular manifestations of mucoceles are discussed, and the computed tomography findings of these are shown. The treatment of mucoceles is reviewed, and it is stressed that a team approach involving ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, and radiology is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Paranasal sinus mucoceles can present with a multitude of different symptoms. The type of presentation is usually determined by the original site of the mucocele, whether it be frontal, ethmoidal, or sphenoidal. PMID- 6660719 TI - Cryosurgery in the management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. AB - Forty-eight eyes of patients with bulbar vernal conjunctivitis and eight eyes of patients with severe tarsal vernal conjunctivitis were treated with cryopexy. A pointed probe with tip temperature of -35 degrees C was used for the bulbar application, while a round-ended probe with tip temperature of -70 degrees C was used for tarsal application after excision of large cobblestones. Immediate results were highly impressive, while observation over 36 months in some of the patients showed long-term relief or very marked reduction in frequency of exacerbations. Cryotherapy avoids the long-term use of topical corticosteroids in vernal conjunctivitis and is preferable in our largely illiterate population. This study shows that the method is effective and safe. PMID- 6660720 TI - Blepharoptosis in myasthenia gravis. AB - We reviewed the records of 23 patients with systemic myasthenia gravis and blepharoptosis. The overall prognosis for improvement of blepharoptosis in these patients was favorable when multiple modes of therapy, including anticholinesterase medication, were used. Four of five patients with disabling blepharoptosis were stable enough after three to four years of their disease to consider corrective lid surgery. Two patients underwent levator resection with good results. Patients with systemic and ocular myasthenia gravis who are refractory to systemic therapy should be considered candidates for ptosis surgery when their blepharoptosis has been stable over a three- to four-year period. PMID- 6660721 TI - Proboscis lateralis, microphthalmos, and cystic degeneration of the optic nerve. AB - An unusual case is described of multiple congenital facial anomalies, including proboscis lateralis, microphthalmos, and cystic degeneration of the optic nerve. This child's condition did not seem to fall into a previously described classification. PMID- 6660722 TI - Differential diagnosis of unilateral glaucoma: Part II. Diagnostic approach. PMID- 6660723 TI - Ophthalmic doubling devices. PMID- 6660724 TI - Conjunctival and episcleral injection in drug abuse. AB - A young man presented with severe conjunctival and episcleral injection in both eyes without other manifestations. On the second visit, persistent questioning revealed the intravenous use of an over-the-counter preparation with a stimulant effect. Unusual external ocular signs may be an indication of drug abuse. PMID- 6660725 TI - Brown tumor of the orbit. AB - A 44-year-old woman was found to have a brown tumor arising in the maxillary sinus and retro-orbital region. PMID- 6660726 TI - A-Scan axial length measurement in the tonometer prism holder. AB - Ten normal eyes were measured by A-Scan (JED-MED Axisonic II) for axial length. The solid scanning probe was mounted in the Haag-Streit R 900 applanation tonometer prism holder. The applanating pressure was varied to determine its effect on the axial length measurement. The range, mean axial length and IOL emmetropia calculations were made at variable tensions and were compared to hand held readings. PMID- 6660727 TI - Bilateral congenital coloboma of lids, fusion of gums and the temporomandibular joints. AB - Mandibulofacial dysostosis is a syndrome caused by delay in the development of the first visceral arch. This report describes a case which had fusion of the gums and temporomandibular joint, together with coloboma of both lids. This variant has not previously been reported. PMID- 6660728 TI - Convergence amplitude insufficiency. AB - There is a frequently overlooked group of patients, usually under 20 years of age, with typical symptoms of convergence insufficiency and diminished convergence amplitudes, but with normal near point of convergence. We studied ten cases of this type, which we call convergence amplitude insufficiency. The diagnosis in such patients will not be missed if convergence amplitudes are measured on every patient complaining of asthenopic symptoms during close work. PMID- 6660729 TI - Enhancement of radial keratotomy by chemical inhibition of collagen cross linkages: a preliminary report. AB - beta-Aminopropionitrile, a lysyl oxidase and collagen cross-linkage inhibitor, resulted in a 0.90 diopter or 20% enhancement of radial keratotomy in rabbits. PMID- 6660730 TI - Spontaneous hyphema resulting from warfarin. AB - Systemic anticoagulation rarely is responsible for intraocular hemorrhaging and usually does not require cessation before intraocular surgery. Spontaneous hyphema is only rarely described and then usually in patients who have some underlying vascular abnormality. A case is reported of a patient with no other underlying cause except that she was receiving warfarin sodium, in whom spontaneous hyphemas developed in each eye on two separate occasions. PMID- 6660731 TI - Marfanoid hypermobility syndrome associated with Duane's retraction syndrome. AB - Marfanoid hypermobility syndrome together with Duane's retraction syndrome in two sisters is presented. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a combination. A possible mode of inheritance is suggested. PMID- 6660732 TI - Corneal scarring associated with daily soft contact lens wear. AB - Three young people developed scarring of the corneas in both eyes with loss of visual acuity while wearing cosmetic daily wear soft contact lenses. The condition was bilateral in all cases. The scarring began superiorly, spreading inferiorly, and was associated with signs of external inflammation, that is, conjunctival injection and corneal staining, when the patient first presented. The conjunctival injection resolved quickly on cessation of lens wear. However, the corneal staining and scarring were much slower to resolve. Two cases did eventually resolve completely. However, the other case was left with a permanent decrease in visual acuity, associated with a fairly marked induced astigmatism, secondary to the corneal changes. Possible etiologies of this condition are discussed, including allergies to chemicals and lens deposits or a hypoxic phenomenon. Induced astigmatism, secondary to soft contact lens wear, has previously been documented, apparently related to prolonged wearing time. These cases may be demonstrating the same phenomenon developed to a more advanced and serious stage. PMID- 6660733 TI - Acute monocular visual loss secondary to anterior communicating artery aneurysm in a patient with sickle cell disease. AB - A patient with sickle cell disease had acute monocular visual loss with no visible vitreal or retinal abnormalities. A large aneurysm of the anterior communicating cerebral artery was found, with direct compression of the optic nerve. This represents a very rare presentation of a relatively common lesion. Consideration should always be given to compressive lesions as the cause of acute monocular visual loss in the absence of visible vitreal, retinal, or optic nerve disease. PMID- 6660734 TI - [Heterologous artificial insemination: significantly diverse results in couples with azoospermic husbands with respect to couples with husbands severely oligo terato-astenospermic]. PMID- 6660735 TI - [Fertility after tubal pregnancy. Case contributions]. PMID- 6660736 TI - [Invasive carcinoma of the vulva: results and considerations on cases from the 1967-1976 decade]. PMID- 6660737 TI - [Rubella and pregnancy]. PMID- 6660738 TI - [Intrauterine transfusion under echographic control]. PMID- 6660739 TI - [Demonstration of anti-lipid A antibodies and endotoxic complexes in gestosis patients]. PMID- 6660740 TI - [Arterial pressure, MAP and dynamic tests in the monitoring of pregnancy]. PMID- 6660742 TI - [Evaluation of the use of the partogram in the Obstetrico-Gynecologic Division of the Seregno Hospital]. PMID- 6660741 TI - [Fetal adrenal blocking with corticosteroids. Diagnostic and prognostic value]. PMID- 6660743 TI - Arachnoid cyst in the internal auditory canal. AB - An arachnoid cyst of the internal auditory canal causing compression atrophy of nerve trunks was found in each of three human temporal bones. Arachnoid cysts are found in about 0.5% of operations for suspected neoplasm of the internal auditory canal. There is no current method for differentiating intracanalicular neoplasm from arachnoid cysts. PMID- 6660744 TI - Vascular loop as a cause of vertigo. AB - A vascular loop in the internal auditory canal pressing upon the vestibular nerve was found in a series of eight patients with episodic vertigo and severe motion intolerance. All patients had failed medical and surgical therapy for vestibular Meniere's disease, which this syndrome closely mimics. A vestibular nerve resection or section medial to the vascular loop produced relief of symptoms in all patients, but one patient required a second operation. We have no test or study to reliably diagnose this syndrome preoperatively. The history appears to be the best indicator to date. PMID- 6660745 TI - Petrous apicitis. Clinical considerations. AB - Although petrous apicitis was a frequent occurrence in the first half of this century, it has become an uncommon disease because of the widespread use of antibiotics for otitis media. In this series of eight cases of petrous apicitis it is evident that petrositis cannot be equated with Gradenigo's triad (otitis, abducens paralysis, and deep pain) since none of the cases manifested with the classical syndrome. Abducens paralysis was seen in only two of the eight cases. Deep facial or ear pain was present in four of the eight cases and appeared to be the most useful symptom in the diagnosis of petrositis. Four of the eight cases were discovered only after previous, unsuccessful surgical procedures. Chronic petrous apicitis may be occult and manifest only after failure to control suppuration by conventional tympanomastoid surgery. When petrositis is suspected, conventional x-ray study may show bone erosion and asymmetric clouding of the petrous tip. Computed tomographic scanning was most useful in the delineation of bone destruction and of the apex. When the diagnosis of petrous apicitis is made, aggressive surgical drainage is indicated. PMID- 6660746 TI - Temporal bone fractures and cholesteatoma. AB - Extralabyrinthine fractures of the temporal bone offer the opportunity for squamous epithelial invasion of the middle ear, petrous pyramid, and mastoid air cell system as a late complication. Cholesteatoma, secondary acquired in this situation, can be very aggressive and difficult to manage surgically, particularly where the temporal bone air-cell system is well developed. Polytomography is extremely helpful in determining the sites of fracture and in fashioning the surgical approach. Three cases are presented to illustrate the problems in diagnosis and surgical management. PMID- 6660747 TI - Juvenile otosclerosis. A 20-year study. AB - An in-depth study of 610 patients who developed clinical otosclerosis before the age of 18 is reported; this is 15.1% of the total number of stapedectomy cases performed within the period 1961 to 1981. The study illustrates differences noted in those patients who had surgery performed before age 18 and those whose surgery was performed after age 18. These differences will be analyzed with respect to sex, family history, bilaterality, preoperative cochlear reserve, stapes footplate pathology, type of footplate surgery, and postoperative hearing results, as well as the follow-up for delayed complications and delayed hearing losses. Statistical data supports the hypothesis that there is no contraindication to performing stapedectomy surgery in children. This study demonstrates that the success rate is significantly higher in the under-age-18 group and correlates closely with the less severe footplate pathology encountered in children. PMID- 6660748 TI - Care of the ear canal and mastoid. AB - Zinc sulfate has been used for therapy of granulations of the trachea and ear that have not responded to usual treatment. This paper will report on current indications for zinc sulfate and the resulting success in managing granulomata of the ear canal and mastoid bowl. Some mastoid bowls have been large and hard to clean, especially in the posterior and lateral parts. A method of cleaning using indirect otoscopy and curved aspirators in conjunction with adequate lubrication will be described. Treatment of otalgia in both the ear canal and mastoid bowl due to otitis externa sicca and results of proper lubrication and avoidance of patient instrumentation to restore the normal wax will also be discussed. PMID- 6660749 TI - Incus interposition. A 15-year report. AB - A 10- to 15-year follow-up study of patients with modeled incus interposition procedure for restoration of hearing reveals that hearing gains as reported in 1972 were sustained by long-term postoperative care despite resurgence of problems from negative middle ear air pressures. PMID- 6660751 TI - Tympanomastoidectomy. A 25-year experience. AB - Since 1956, 1,540 tympanomastoidectomy procedures for cholesteatoma or chronic suppurative otitis media with mastoiditis have been performed; 180, done from 1972 through 1980, were reviewed in detail for effectiveness of surgery, control of disease, and hearing results. The majority of the procedures were done for cholesteatoma. Almost all of these had preoperative sclerotic or poorly developed mastoids as judged by x-ray examination. A limited open-cavity technique with one stage tympanic repair has resulted in long-term control of cholesteatoma in the mastoid segment in almost every case and reasonable success in control of middle ear disease and preservation or improvement in hearing. Properly performed modified radical mastoid cavities seldom cause problems in postoperative care, do not preclude swimming, and do not impair concomitant tympanoplastic repair. Failure to control disease in the middle ear or to improve hearing is the major problem. Revision tympanoplasty can correct some of these remaining problems, but is usually an elective procedure. PMID- 6660750 TI - The sleeve autograft in congenital cholesteatoma. AB - An epithelial cyst behind an intact tympanic membrane with no previous history of ear infections is an unusual but not infrequent finding in children. If it is recognized early and completely removed, a permanent cure is obtained. However, if it is unrecognized or poorly treated, there may be far-reaching complications. The conventional technique of creating a tympanomeatal flap to remove the congenital cholesteatoma is often unsatisfactory. This is because the cyst may be located in the anterior-superior quadrant and extend beneath the malleus. It therefore becomes impossible to accomplish a complete removal and still preserve auditory function. This leads to incomplete removal with recurrence and subsequent radical removal with loss of auditory function and alteration of normal anatomy. A technique is presented whereby the canal skin, malleus, and cholesteatoma are removed en bloc. Once outside the confines of the bony ear canal, the tympanic membrane is inverted and the epithelial cyst removed under direct vision. The eardrum-malleus-canal skin autograft is then replaced in anatomical position and the hearing reconstructed with a homograft notched incus. This technique has been utilized in nine cases over the past 10 years. Case reports demonstrate the anatomical and functional results. PMID- 6660752 TI - Electrical stimulation of the ear: experimental studies. AB - The possibility of stimulating the ear by way of an electrode on the round window in order to relieve tinnitus or to produce auditory sensations has been investigated experimentally in guinea pigs. The deleterious effects of DC currents applied to a normal cochlea clearly demonstrate that this means is unsuitable for use in relieving tinnitus in hearing patients. Although AC currents do not cause further damage in ears with the organ of Corti already destroyed by aminoglycosides, the effects of DC currents in such cases have still to be investigated before they can be recommended for the relief of tinnitus in totally deaf patients. Electrical stimulation of the round window combined with masking has made it possible to record responses of auditory neural elements from the eighth nerve to the auditory cortex. This technique could be promising for the basic study of the central auditory nervous system, both experimentally and clinically, and could lead to a more accurate evaluation of candidates for cochlear prostheses. PMID- 6660753 TI - Electrical stimulation of the ear: clinical applications. AB - Electrical stimulation of the ear in humans was performed with an extracochlear electrode on the round window. With positive currents, suppression of tinnitus could be induced. With negative currents, auditory sensations were evoked. Since electrical stimulation with DC currents may be hazardous in the long term, it cannot yet be proposed for the suppression of tinnitus. However, electrically evoked hearing sensations with AC currents seem to be of definite interest for some totally deaf patients. PMID- 6660754 TI - Intermittent exposure to noise: effects on hearing. AB - Most studies of the effects of noise upon hearing have dealt with continuous noise exposure. Previous reports on intermittent exposure to noise concluded that it causes less damage to hearing than does continuous exposure to noise of the same intensity. In this investigation, 12,000 workers were screened to find 295 subjects who met the strict criteria of the study. Most of the subjects were exposed to jackhammer noise at peak levels of 118 dBA. Intermittent exposure to intense noise results in very severe loss in high frequencies but relatively little or no hearing loss in the lower frequencies even after many years of exposure. This differs substantially from the effects of continuous exposure to noise of the same intensity. It remains to be determined whether this pattern of hearing results from intermittent exposure to all sorts of noise or only from the kinds of sources investigated in this study. PMID- 6660755 TI - The round window membrane: otological observations. AB - The membrane of the round window serves as a barrier between the middle and inner ear and has a well-established role in cochlear physiology. It is important in many otological conditions: otitis media, otosclerosis, trauma, sequelae to drugs reaching the middle ear, tumors, congenital dysplasia, sudden deafness. We here describe the first electron microscopic findings in round window membranes from adult humans, and various conditions in reference to these findings. Since surgical lesions are made in this membrane during cochlear implantation, and by some otologists in treating vertigo, preliminary findings of a lesioning experiment in animals are presented. Interestingly, early healing resulted from a mesothelial cellular reaction in the adjacent scala tympani, with formation of clots, while in the middle ear the epithelial cellular layer sealed the edges of the perforation, leading to formation of an indentation ("pocket"). Subsequently, the middle layer of the membrane contributed to healing. PMID- 6660756 TI - Tympanosclerosis: clinical implications of the theory of pathogenesis. AB - Tympanosclerosis is a preventable disease. Its elimination is more the responsibility of the pediatrician and general practitioner than the otolaryngologist's. The education of our colleagues is the most effective way of possibly eliminating this disease process. Cholesteatoma and tympanosclerosis may have similar causative factors, but certainly have different pathogenic developmental patterns; their occurrence together in otologic disease is coincidental. The mechanism of this disease process shows that the subepidermal and submucosal connective tissue layers of the eardrum are the ones involved. The cure for tympanosclerosis may be achieved more easily than its amelioration. This may seem like a strange paradox, but cure is intimately bound up with prevention which is the key for the clinical significance of this theory of pathogenesis. The pediatrician and the general practitioner, or family physician--the first to see the children with their ear problems--are urged to refer patients to an otologist when fluid is turbid. Development of tympanosclerosis must be prevented in the early but treatable stages. Prevention is less costly than repair. PMID- 6660757 TI - The petromastoid canal. AB - The embryology and anatomy of the petromastoid canal is reviewed. This structure may be responsible for the passage of some infections of the middle ear cleft into the posterior fossa. It also transmits important blood vessels to a portion of the bony labyrinth, to the facial canal, and to the mucosa of the mastoid air cell system. PMID- 6660758 TI - Evaluation of the auditory system: an update. AB - The purpose of this paper is to describe the audiologic techniques currently used at the Otologic Medical Group, Inc. Auditory threshold in children is determined by a combination of behavioral and objective audiometric techniques. When behavioral techniques fail, auditory brainstem response audiometry combined with impedance audiometry gives a good estimate of hearing thresholds. Impedance audiometry is a valuable addition to the diagnosis of cochlear otosclerosis. This technique is also of benefit in the neurotologic evaluation. Auditory brainstem response audiometry is the most accurate method of detecting an acoustic tumor. We no longer use SISI, tone decay, or Bekesy tests. The newer audiometric studies have greatly improved our evaluation of the auditory system. PMID- 6660759 TI - Pathology consultation. Carcinoma ex lymphoepithelial lesion. AB - Carcinoma ex lymphoepithelial lesion is a poorly differentiated, nonkeratinizing carcinoma presumably arising from the epimyoepithelial islands of the lymphoepithelial lesion of the major salivary glands. Parotid origin dominates the statistics concerning site of origin. There is no relationship of the carcinoma to systemic rheumatic disease or Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 6660760 TI - [Fibrofolliculoma, trichodiscoma and acrochordon. The Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome]. AB - The Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome is characterized: a) clinically, by an asymptomatic eruption of dome-shaped papules involving the head, neck, chest, back and arms frequently associated with acrochordons; b) histologically, by multiple follicular tumors, namely fibrofolliculomas and trichodiscomas, representing benign proliferations of mesodermal and ectodermal components of the pilar apparatus; c) by the apparent autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. This study is concerned with two families whose various members belonging to two and three generations have the clinical and histological lesions of this syndrome. In several biopsies performed, the main finding was the fibrofolliculoma isolated or associated with perifollicular fibromas; in five biopsies, was noted a typical trichodiscoma associated, in two of them, with a perifollicular fibroma. Clinically, the fibrofolliculomas were indistinguishable from trichodiscomas. We believe that the Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome is an autonomous well individualized skin disease. Its existence supports the view of the close interaction between the epithelial and mesodermal components of the pilar complex. PMID- 6660761 TI - [Profuse multiple trichoepitheliomas of the face, scalp and buttocks. Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural study]. PMID- 6660762 TI - [The good choice of an acronym: CHILD (congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects) syndrome or LIVEN (linear inflammatory verrucous epidermal nevus) syndrome?]. PMID- 6660763 TI - [Transverse leukonychia induced by etretinate]. PMID- 6660764 TI - [Pustulosis in heroin addiction]. PMID- 6660765 TI - [Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. Diffuse lesions, efficacy of radiotherapy]. PMID- 6660766 TI - [Waldenstrom's hyperglobulinemic purpura and Gougerot-Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 6660767 TI - [Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome]. PMID- 6660768 TI - [Eruptive cysts of the vellus hair]. PMID- 6660769 TI - [2 cases of recurrence resistant to rifampicin in lepromatous leprosy]. PMID- 6660770 TI - [Epidermoid carcinoma in Verneuil's disease]. PMID- 6660771 TI - [3 cases of lichen induced by pyritinol]. PMID- 6660772 TI - [Gunther's erythropoietic porphyria with late disclosure]. PMID- 6660773 TI - [Andrews' bacterids and pseudoseptic arthritis]. PMID- 6660774 TI - [Histoplasma duboisii histoplasmosis. Skin lesions simulating molluscum contagiosum]. PMID- 6660775 TI - [Rare forms of clear cell acanthoma]. PMID- 6660776 TI - [Tuberculous ulceration of the nose]. PMID- 6660777 TI - [Barraquer-Simons' partial lipoatrophy and early drusen of the fundus oculi]. PMID- 6660778 TI - [Acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistance. Polycystic ovary syndrome and hypertrichosis]. PMID- 6660779 TI - [Malignant hemangioendothelioma. Superficial extensive form]. PMID- 6660780 TI - [Buccal localization of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 6660781 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with Marchiafava-Micheli's disease]. PMID- 6660782 TI - [Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis]. PMID- 6660783 TI - [Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis and monomelic gigantism]. PMID- 6660784 TI - [Hypereosinophilic syndrome: ultrastructural study of skin manifestations]. PMID- 6660785 TI - [Omenn's reticuloendotheliosis]. PMID- 6660786 TI - [Photo-onycholysis caused by Apurone]. PMID- 6660787 TI - [Sneddon-Wilkinson's subcorneal pustulosis and monoclonal IgA dysglobulinemia: favorable effect of Tigason]. PMID- 6660788 TI - [Congenital poikiloderma (Rothmund-Thomson's syndrome)]. PMID- 6660789 TI - [Skin pigmentation induced by minocycline]. PMID- 6660790 TI - [Systemic scleroderma and malignant lymph node lymphoma]. PMID- 6660791 TI - [Disseminated molluscum contagiosum in an immunosuppressed child. Trial treatment by retinoic acid administered per os]. PMID- 6660792 TI - [Kawasaki's disease]. PMID- 6660793 TI - [Neonatal eosinophilic pustulosis]. PMID- 6660794 TI - Entamoeba moshkovskii (Tshalaia, 1941): morpho-biological characterization of new strains isolated from the environment, and a review of the literature. AB - After an investigation carried out with samples from several sewage sludges from the town of Pavia (Italy) the AA. report the isolation of two new strains of Entamoeba moshkovskii. The usefulness and reliability of two methods, i.e. growth in hypotonic media and the thermoresistance tests in vitro for the biological typing of this species are analyzed and discussed. Both methods had already proven useful to characterize the Laredo-type strains of E. histolytica too, as reported by other AA. PMID- 6660795 TI - [Argyrophilic structures of the larval forms of 2 strains of Paramphistomum microbothrium: 1 a parasite of Isidora guernei and Ovis aries, the other a parasite of Isidora truncata and Bos taurus]. AB - The life cycle of a Paramphistome from North Senegal is completed starting from cercariae shed by naturally infected Isidora guernei: a sheep and then uninfected Isidora guernei were successively infected experimentally. Adults obtained were identifiable as P. phillerouxi or as P. microbothrium. Species determination cannot be made on the basis of argentophilic structures in the miracidium. Morphology of sporocysts and rediae differs from that observed in P. phillerouxi but is undistinguishable from that described in P. microbothrium. Cercarial chaetotaxy differs from that of P. phillerouxi. Mollusc host: Isidora guernei belongs to the same genus as Isidora truncata and I. alluaudi, reported hosts to P. microbothrium. Therefore the material is provisionally identified as P. microbothrium. To confirm this, a strain of P. microbothrium from naturally infected Bos taurus in Egypt was studied. Miracidia were used to experimentally infect Isidora truncata; cercariae obtained were identical to those previously described for this species from I. truncata and I. alluaudi. Cercarial chaetotaxy was not significantly different from that of material from North Senegal. They represent therefore two strains of Paramphistomum microbothrium. PMID- 6660796 TI - [Nematode parasites of rodents in Malaysia. II. Trichostrongyloidea]. AB - Many trichostrongyloid species parasitizing rodents in Malaysia were described in 1967 in a thesis that was never published. Some of these species have since been redescribed sometimes with, sometimes without reference to the thesis. The remaining species are redescribed using information given in the thesis and certain additional morphological data (in particular, the synlophe) taken from study of the paratypes. The species are reclassified according to criteria established in the most recent classification. The following genera are proposed: Brevistriatinae: - Macrostrongylus n. gen. characterized by a caudal bursa of Calypsostrongylus type and absence of synlophe. Nippostrongylinae: - Malaistrongylus n. gen. characterized by a synlophe of Heligmonoides type but with a larger number of ridges and by the fusion of rays 4 and 5 in the caudal bursa. - Rattus strongylus n. gen. characterized by small, subequal dorsal left ridges and a total number of ridges less than 20. - Sabanema n. gen. characterized by small subequal dorsal left ridges and a total number of ridges greater than 30. The species under consideration are the following: Hepatojarakus malayae Yeh, 1955; Pithecostrongylus bicapitatus n. sp. (= P. bicapitatus Ow Yang, 1967, in litt); Macrostrongylus ratti n. gen., n. sp. (= Macrostrongylus ratti Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); Calypsostrongylus malayensis Durette-Desset, 1976 (= Brevistriata malayensis Ow Yang, 1967, in litt); Fissicauda callosciuri (Supperer et Kutzer, 1964); Fissicauda brevispicula n. sp. (= Brevistriata brevispicula Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Travassos, 1914); Orientostrongylus tenorai Durette-Desset, 1970 (= Longistriata selangora Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); O. krishnansamyi Durette-Desset et Lim-Boo-Liat, 1974 (= Longistriata malaccae Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); Heligmonoides bulbosus n. sp. (= Heligmonina (Heligmonoides) bulbosa Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); Heligmonoides lanceolatus n. sp. (= Heligmonina (Heligmonoides) lanceolata Ow Yang 1967, in litt.); Malaistrongylus odontospicularis n. gen., n. sp. (= Malaistrongylus odontospicularis Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); Paraheligmonelloides triangulus n. sp. (= Longistriata triangulum Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); P. annandalei n. sp. (= Longistriata annandalei Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); P. rajah n. sp. (= Heligmonina (Heligmonoides) rajah Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); Rattustrongylus odontoconus n. gen., n. sp. (= Longistriata odontocona Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); R. rotundoconus n. sp. (= Longistriata rotundocona Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); Sabanema sabana n. gen., n. sp. (= Longistriata sabana Ow Yang, 1967, in litt.); S. kepongi n. sp. (= Longistriata kepongi Ow Yang, PMID- 6660797 TI - Blood digestion in Ornithodorus moubata Murray sensu stricto Walton females (Ixodoidea: Argasidae) II. Modifications of midgut cells related to the digestive cycle and to the triggering action of mating. AB - The cellular organisation of midgut cells (see Grandjean, in press) depends on the digestive cycle which follows a blood meal. The phases of this cycle are characterised in O. moubata, and various "cell-types" are described, correlated and discussed. Mating triggers digestion: a) by an increased intracellular digestion (including the formation of heterophagolysosomes) during the rapid phase of digestion; b) by reactivating midgut cells in starving females, which then may perform vitellogenesis and lay few normal eggs. PMID- 6660798 TI - [Cervical spinal cord compression in achondroplasia. Apropos of 2 cases in infants]. PMID- 6660799 TI - [Abnormalities of bone growth in exostotic disease]. PMID- 6660800 TI - [Longitudinal study of growth in Marfan's syndrome in early childhood]. PMID- 6660801 TI - [Familial acrocephalosyndactylia]. PMID- 6660802 TI - [Heterogeneity of Seckel syndrome? Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6660803 TI - [Clinical study of a case of micromelic dwarfism with congenital bowing of the bones and facial dysmorphism]. PMID- 6660804 TI - [Dwarfism with high and narrow vertebrae. 2 new cases]. PMID- 6660805 TI - [A complex malformation syndrome with brachymesomelia]. PMID- 6660806 TI - [The current concept of the mechanisms of hemostasis]. PMID- 6660807 TI - [Preservation of erythrocytes in equilibrated, nutritive, enriched, protein deficient solutions]. PMID- 6660808 TI - [Atomic absorption spectrophotometry determination of traces of aluminum contained in hemodialysis and hemofiltration solutions]. PMID- 6660809 TI - [Anti-ulcerogenic derivatives in the thiocarbonylthiazolidine series: 3 pyridylthiocarbonyl[3,2-d]pyridothiazolidines]. PMID- 6660810 TI - [Spectrofluorometric study of phenothiazine derivatives. III. Derivatives halogenated at position 2]. PMID- 6660811 TI - [Antifungal activity of higher plants: action of 39 indigenous plants on 4 phytopathogenic fungi]. PMID- 6660812 TI - [Determination of desipramine by high-performance liquid chromatography in the blood and brain of mice]. PMID- 6660813 TI - [In vitro antibacterial activity of 7-methoxy-2-nitronaphto [2,1-b]furan (R 7000)]. PMID- 6660814 TI - [Some honeys of Kashmir used in traditional medicine in the Indies]. PMID- 6660815 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the bacterial flora in the trachea of healthy chickens]. AB - The bacterial flora of the trachea of 17 to 38 day old chickens was quantitatively and qualitatively studied in two groups of animals from two different sources: an experimental disease-free flock and a commercial flock. In both groups of chickens, the aerobic flora consisted predominantly of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Streptococcaceae, Micrococcaceae and members of the genus Lactobacillus. Some differences between the two groups of animals were observed at the species level. Strictly anaerobic bacteria did not appear until the third week. No bacterial group seemed to predominate during the sampling period. The constant presence of Lactobacilli and E. coli in the trachea suggests that these organisms could play a prominent role in the bacterial ecosystem of the trachea. PMID- 6660817 TI - [Pathology and pathogenesis of ear and brain complications of pasteurellosis in rabbits bred for food]. AB - Naturally occurring seropurulent rhinitis, often associated with bronchopneumonia or pleurisy, was examined by morphological, histological and bacteriological methods on 113 rabbits affected with pasteurellosis. These 63 dead and 50 slaughtered diseased rabbits were from different origins and included a variety of breeds and colours. In a high percentage (80% of cases), rhinitis induced by Pasteurella multocida is associated with seropurulent otitis media or otitis media and interna. Rarely in acute cases or often in chronic cases there is squamous metaplasia of the epithelium of the tympanic bulla and/or of the inner ear. Nervous symptoms like torticollis, falling down on the side or epileptiform fits are seen, in the case of pasteurellosis, only when the inner ear or the regions of the brain responsible for balance are affected. P. multocida can very often (in about 43% of examined cases) be the cause of encephalitis associated with rhinitis, otitis or neuritis. This can be: acute, focal serous or purulent leptomeningitis; serous leptomeningitis associated with focal purulent encephalitis; abscesses in various parts of the brain. In about 70% of examined cases there is neuritis or perineuritis of the trigeminal nerve. These lesions often associated with anatomically localised encephalitis suggest that, in the case of pasteurellosis, the three branches of the trigeminal nerve potentially represent a neurogenic "retrograde and ascendant" path of infection to the brain from nasal cavities, ear or other regions of the head. PMID- 6660818 TI - [Continuous ecopathological survey. 1. Classification of the pathology observed in dairy cattle breeding]. AB - Observations were made during a continuous ecopathological survey on 3,216 dairy cows from 90 dairy farms and localised in six French departments, over a three year period (1978-1981). The pathology described for cows and their calves was classified according to the frequency of each disease and/or symptom. The reasons for culling as well as those for mortality were also classified. The pathology of reproduction and the mammary gland in the dairy cow and the digestive pathology and mortinatality of calves appear to be the major pathological problems. PMID- 6660816 TI - [Experimental study of the pathogenesis of meningitis and encephalitis during pasteurellosis in rabbits]. AB - Pathogenesis study of encephalic and trigeminal nerve lesions in the case of rabbit pasteurellosis was done by experimental infection with P. multocida on 15 rabbits. Eight animals were infected through infraorbital nerve, four by nebulisation, two intravenously; one was used as contact control. Clinical evolutions were followed and the animals were slaughtered 4, 24, 48 and 700 h after infection. Histopathological examinations of the nasal mucosa, lung, middle ear, meninges, trigeminal nerve and liver were completed with bacteriological and electronmicroscope studies. Whatever the infection mode P. multocida could induce a temperature rise in the rabbit, and in most cases the majority of the animals had otitis media and neural lesions. This fact is in keeping with the results of our previous investigations on rabbits spontaneously infected with pasteurellosis in farms. Just four hours after experimental infection of the infraorbital nerve, Pasteurellae could induce neuritis or perineuritis up to the trigeminal root. This nerve can also be infected from the nasal mucosa following rhinitis or by haematolymphatic mode following septicaemia. Nasal cavity infection by nebulisation was followed by rhinitis in 75% of cases. They were associated with diffuse perineuritis accompanied by meningitis, encephalitis and/or otitis in two thirds of cases. With regard to pathogenesis of brain affections, trigeminal nerve lesions provoked neural lymph stagnation which induces "retrograde" centripetal circulation of this lymph up to the brain, meningitis being the first consequence. When diffuse neuritis or perineuritis reached the cerebral parenchyma, there was sometimes anatomically localised focal encephalitis. PMID- 6660819 TI - [Continuous ecopathological survey. 2. Typology of dairy cattle farms with high and low fertility]. AB - Management characteristics were analysed in two groups of dairy herds (20 to 60 cows per herd) during a continuous eco-pathological survey, in relation to high and low fertility. 59.8% of the cows from the eleven high fertility herds were successfully inseminated at first service and 11.4% of the cows inseminated for the first time more than 40 days post-partum required 3 or more services. The corresponding values were 51.1 and 25.6% for the ten low fertility herds. Other reproductive criteria (calving-first service interval, disturbed oestrus cycles), which more depend on the reproduction management, were not different between the two groups. Feeding system greatly varied in the low fertility group. Frequent changes in diet composition, a longer period of "green" forages distribution (crucifers, grass silage) as well as less utilisation of concentrates are some of the reasons which can explain the low fertility. Calving occurred mainly from February to April in low fertility herds, at the transition from winter diets to grazing. Milk production was lower, 4 580 kg per cow and per year vs 5 520 kg for high fertility group. Milk production falls were more frequent and Holstein semen was less used. Tied housing conditions, and higher incidence of Fasciola hepatica and abomasal mematodes characterised low fertility herds; inversely, the clinical pathology appeared to be less frequent in this group. Soil manganese concentration was lower (16.3 ppm) in the low fertility group as compared to the other group (30.9 ppm); this could be explained by less schistose rocks where the low fertility farms are localized. In conclusion, the risk factors associated with low fertility may be attributed to: the composite system of feeding in addition to the use of "green" forages, a lack of proper programming with regards to the season of calving, and the high frequency of parasitic infestations, with special reference to liver fluke. PMID- 6660820 TI - [Characterization of areas at parasitic risk for sheep reared under conditions of uncontrolled breeding on the ranges of the Causses. 1. Study methodology and its application to gastrointestinal strongyles]. AB - A flock of 50 Lacaune ewes grazed three paddocks (approximately 17ha each) in rotation. Thirteen areas were defined in each of the two selected paddocks on the account of vegetation and spatial utilization by the ewes. These areas represented one tenth of the total area of the paddock. For each area the following measures were estimated: species of grasses, bushes, grass disponibility, amount of faeces deposited, infective larval population of strongyles, duration of the utilization by the ewes for resting or grazing. The measures were achieved during two rotational cycles from May to July 1981. Among the several methods utilized for the assessment of the various parameters influencing the probable infection of animals, one was unsatisfying (estimation of grass intake) and another was of particular good value (estimation of the amount of faeces deposited by an index method). The areas at risk were characterized by a vegetation with Bromus erectus associated either with Festuca duriuscula or Brachypodium pinnatum. The infectivity of each area (number of larvae X duration of grazing) was correlated to the number of strongyle eggs deposited, the amount of faeces accumulated and to an index of pasture quality (pastoral value X biomass of available grass). This work demonstrates that in heterogeneous pasture, even if the level of parasitism (Ostertagia sp. and Nematodirus sp.) is low, area at risk could be determined. PMID- 6660821 TI - [Characterization of areas at parasitic risk for sheep reared by open grazing on the ranges of the Causses. 2. Protostrongylids]. AB - Two pastures out of three in Causse (Center of France) were studied in June 1981 in order to characterize areas at risk for Protostrongylids (small lung-worms). These pastures were grazed in rotation by a flock of 50 Lacaune ewes. Each pasture was divided into 13 areas on mixed criteria related either to vegetation or use of space by the ewes. The following parameters were measured on each area: density of the intermediate hosts (Molluscs), their rate of infection, fecal biomass, type of vegetation and herbage biomass, rate of utilization by the ewes. The potential infectivity of the areas were related to the percentage of banded Cepaea sp., fecal biomass, percentage of the area covered by shrubs (Buxus sempervirens and Juniperus communis) and by Carex humilis. PMID- 6660822 TI - [Factors affecting the relaxation and diastolic properties of the left ventricle]. AB - The myocardium is an integrated functional unit. The separation of the cardiac cycle into three phases on simultaneous ventricular and arterial pressure curves:contraction, relaxation, diastole, is an artificial distinction of interdependent functions which are superimposed in time in the real mechanical and biochemical phenomena. At the level of the sarcomeres and myofilaments, relaxation is the active process of liberation of the bridges formed between actin and myosin during contraction; diastole is the phase during which there is no cyclic renewal of these bridges, it is the passive phase. Myocardial relaxation in mammals is controlled by the rapid recapture of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. It plays an important mechanical role during the closure of the aortic semilunar valves, the opening of the mitral valve, the rapid filling of the right ventricle and the diastolic perfusion of the coronary arteries. It is dependent on the load and is influenced by myocardial metabolism (hypoxia, acidosis, ischaemia), temperature and a number of pharmacological agents. Amongst the passive properties of the left ventricle, we need to distinguish between the distensibility of the left ventricle as a filling chamber (parietal rigidity) and the rigidity of each of the myocardial fibres which make up the ventricular wall (myocardial rigidity). The passive properties of the left ventricle can be modified by ventricular geometry, passive mechanical properties of the ventricular wall (thickening, myocardial changes, heart rate and filling rate, cellular oedema, hypoxia, ischaemia, coronary artery filling pressure), the interaction between the pericardium, the right ventricle and the left ventricle and intrathoracic pressure. The large number of factors which are capable of modifying left ventricular relaxation and diastole explains the problems associated with in vivo investigations, which depend on a large number of indices of limited value. PMID- 6660824 TI - [Role of surgery in the treatment of chronic aortic insufficiency]. AB - The long-term prognostic factors which determine the indications for surgery are studied on the basis of a series of 198 cases operated for chronic aortic incompetence, in terms of their influence on the actuarial long-term mortality rate due to heart disease and irreversible myocardial dysfunction. The mortality in the first month after surgery is 5 per cent. The factors which significantly modify the long-term outcome of operated patients are clinical (cardiomegaly, degree of preoperative heart failure, ventricular extrasystole, functional grade) and haemodynamic (mean pulmonary artery pressure, end-systolic and-end diastolic left ventricular pressures, left ventricular ejection fraction). Multifactorial studies have shown that ventricular dilatation is the most important prognostic factor. Left ventricular function is severely altered, even in patients with few or no symptoms, but, in the absence of marked functional disturbance, the prognosis is usually good, whatever the repercussions on the myocardium. Surgery should be performed routinely in patients with severe functional disturbance, in the absence of reliable individual criteria capable of predicting when the indications have been exceeded. Surgery is also legitimate in patients with few or no symptoms when investigations reveal severe effects on the left ventricular function. PMID- 6660823 TI - [Cardiac complications of radiotherapy]. AB - Radiotherapy is an effective tool in the treatment of thoracic cancers. However, radiotherapy also carries a risk of severe cardiac complications. The cancers most commonly concerned are Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (90 per cent of cases), breast cancers, especially on the left side (4 per cent) and bronchogenic cancers (2 per cent). Ionizing radiation can damage the three layers of the heart and the coronary arteries. Pericardial involvement is the most frequent, occurring in 10 to 12 per cent of cases. It generally occurs 6 to 18 months after the radiotherapy and may present either acutely (35 per cent of cases) or chronically (65 per cent of cases). It is often latent, only detected on X-rays or on ultrasound. Constrictive forms can occur, which require pericardiectomy. Myocardial fibrosis, which is anatomically common, may present as disturbances of repolarization, arrhythmia or disturbances of conduction, or even cardiac failure. Rarely, radiation damage of the coronary arteries can cause angina or myocardial infarction. These cases can benefit from coronary artery by-pass grafts. All of these lesions have a common anatomical denominator:fibrosis, which develops progressively following the radiotherapy. It has now been demonstrated that the incidence of cardiac radiation lesions can be reduced by homogeneous distribution of the dose of radiation administered to the mediastinum, by treating each side alternately, by fractionating the radiation and staggering the sessions and by reducing the cardiac mass which is irradiated. PMID- 6660825 TI - Intestinal adhesions. PMID- 6660826 TI - The effect of urokinase in the prevention of intraperitoneal adhesions; role of blood in their formation. AB - The effect of blood on the formation of peritoneal adhesions and their prevention with plasmine activator--urokinase was evaluated. Blood was found to cause adhesion to the serosa of the rat uterus when applied through the opened peritoneum while no such adhesions were observed in the rabbit. Urokinase proved to be beneficial in the prevention of both intraperitoneal adhesions caused by trauma alone and those caused by a combination of trauma and fresh blood applied to the traumatized area. PMID- 6660827 TI - The effect of intraperitoneal fluid on the prevention of small intestinal obstruction after appendicectomy. Preliminary results. AB - In 173 patients (study group), undergoing appendicectomy because of suspected acute appendicitis, normal saline solution, in the amount of 10 ml per 1000 g of patient weight, was injected into the peritoneal cavity before closing the incision. A control group of patients undergoing appendicectomy was selected, matched for age and sex. The mean observation period was five years for both groups. One of the patients in the study group and two patients in the control group developed small intestinal obstruction due to adhesions which led to relaparotomy. The difference was not statistically significant. Because of the rarity of this complication after appendicectomy (1-2%) and the long elapse of time reported from the appendicectomy to the development of the small intestinal obstruction due to adhesions, the group of 173 patients in too small and the observation period of five years too short to enable a conclusion to be made so far. Further follow-up of the patients in this study and a further investigation is necessary. PMID- 6660828 TI - Femoral profunda angioplasty: sparing the saphenous vein with on-lay angioplasty. AB - The growing demand for autogenous saphenous veins in coronary by-pass surgery and femorodistal by-pass reconstructions have changed the concept of performing angioplasty of the profunda femoris with a patch taken from the saphenous vein in the groin. In patients with total superficial femoral artery occlusion we now perform an on-lay angioplasty using a part of this artery. The results of this procedure are compared with a historical group of patients with saphenous vein patch angioplasty. There were no differences between these methods both in short and long terms. PMID- 6660829 TI - Endometrial findings following curettage in 2018 women according to age and indications. AB - A retrospective study on 2018 Scandinavian women undergoing conventional and aspiration curettage was performed. The outcome in terms of endometrial pathology was analyzed against age and indications. A large number of operations (38.2%) were performed on young women before the age of 45 years. 98% of endometrial samples were normal from 430 younger than 40 years. Better selection of cases might help to reduce the number of operations. In women of reproductive age the relation between normal and pathological findings was the same for both methods with the exception that conventional curettage seemed to detect more polyps. The frequency of insufficient samples after aspiration curettage increased markedly with age. Postmenopausal bleeding remains a strong indication for conventional curettage. PMID- 6660830 TI - Fractures of the proximal femur in Finland in 1980. AB - In 1980 2449 patients with femoral neck and 1096 with trochanteric fractures were treated in Finland. The female--male ratio was 3:1 for femoral neck and 2:1 for trochanteric fractures. The age-specific incidence was higher for women than for men in both fracture types. About 3/4 of the patients were over 70 years old. The mean hospitalization time was 37 days for the patients with a femoral neck and 34 days for those with a trochanteric fracture. These patients accounted for 9% of all surgical hospitalization days in Finland during the year 1980. The injuries occurred evenly during every month. The number of femoral neck fractures will double during the period 1968 to 1985. PMID- 6660831 TI - A vascular band to Meckel's diverticulum. AB - In a Meckel's diverticulum, heterotopic tissue, inflammation and a vascular band co-existed. The band originating from the superior mesenteric artery, was separated from the mesentery and represented a remnant of the vitelline artery. PMID- 6660833 TI - Serum creatinine determination by high performance liquid chromatography and five automated chemistry analyzers. AB - A sensitive and specific procedure is described for the determination of serum creatinine by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The method involves sample pretreatment with a cation exchange resin followed by the isocratic separation of creatinine and an external standard which are detected by their absorbances at 254 nm. The analytical recovery of creatinine from serum was 99.8 +/- 4.9 percent using this method. The between-day coefficients of variation for creatinine concentrations of 0.83 and 8.63 mg per dl were 3.07 percent and 3.2 percent, respectively. Results obtained with this reference method were compared to results obtained with five automated chemistry analyzers. The results showed that while the comparison methods correlated well with the reference method (r greater than 0.98 in all cases), those comparison methods based on the Jaffe reaction showed negative biases. In some cases, these biases were highly statistically significant. The difference between paired results obtained with some of the automated Jaffe-based assays exceeded 0.20 mg per dl in a substantial number of specimens with creatinine concentration in the range of 0.5 to 2.3 mg per dl. The measurement of acetoacetate concentrations of specimens submitted to our laboratory for serum creatine assays showed that interference by this substance with certain Jaffe-based assays could result in clinically significant false elevations in serum creatinine concentrations. PMID- 6660832 TI - Measurement of glycosylated hemoglobins using boronate affinity chromatography. AB - A boronate affinity column method for the measurement of glycosylated hemoglobins was evaluated. In the procedure the glycosylated hemoglobins were bound by immobilized boronic acid to separate them from nonglycosylated hemoglobins. Elution of bound glycosylated hemoglobins was carried out with sorbitol buffer, and the absorbance was read at 414 nm. The method was linear to a glycosylated hemoglobin concentration of at least 20 percent. The precision of the method ranged from 1.2 to 2.8 percent (C.V.) within-run, and 3.4 to 5.3 percent day-to day. The reference interval was 4.8 to 6.4 percent. The method correlated with a cation exchange resin mini-column method (r = 0.94) and a colorimetric method (r = 0.93) but results from the boronate affinity method were higher in diabetic patients. The measured glycosylated hemoglobin was significantly correlated with estimated one-day-mean plasma glucose in diabetic patients (r = 0.54, n = 52, p less than 0.002). The affinity method provides an attractive alternative to earlier methods for measuring glycosylated hemoglobins. PMID- 6660834 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on specific IgM and IgG responses and recovery during the various stages of persistent immunization in the Brucella-rabbit model. AB - The effect of one or several doses of cyclophosphamide (CP) administered to rabbits persistently immunized with Brucella abortus was investigated. The goal was to halt the response at different stages of the hyperimmunization process and to study the kinetics and IgM- or IgG-nature of the response following CP discontinuation. It was observed that CP halted the response; and once the drug had been discontinued, the post-CP response reached titres much higher than those of either the controls or the animals before CP administration (rebound effect). On the other hand, it was noticed that the post-CP response was mainly IgM when the drug was given in the early stages of hyperimmunization, and IgG when the drug was given at later stages. PMID- 6660835 TI - Ontogenetic development of skinfold thickness of the trunk in childhood and its relation to Rohrer's index. AB - The study was aimed at the investigation of the ontogenetic development of thickness of five skinfolds on the trunk in children ranging in age from 1 1/2 to 15 years in relation to Rohrer's index of body fullness. The studies which yielded the basic data were carried out in 1976-1978 on 10,661 children of both sexes (5,322 girls; 5,339 boys) from the whole territory of Czechoslovak Socialistic Republic. The studies yielded the following results: In the course of the early postnatal ontogenesis all five investigated skinfolds of the trunk showed on the average a slight decrease up to the age of three to five years. However, subsequently the thickness of all skinfolds increased, more markedly in girls than in boys. Throughout the investigated period the thickness of all investigated skinfolds remained larger in girls as compared to boys. This difference increased with increasing age. A more marked increase of mean skinfold thickness with increasing age due to the larger amount of subcutaneous fat was present in both sexes in abdominal regions and in in distal parts of the thorax as compared to its upper part, where the increase was more marked than in the subscapular region. The calculated mean values of Rohrer's index of body fullness were systematically decreasing in both sexes throughout the investigated period of life regardless of the development of the measured skinfold thickness. An exception formed the last two age groups of girls (13-14, 14-15 years of age), where, obviously with the onset of increasing total body weight, the calculated mean values showed again only a very slight increase. The actual differences of skinfold thickness and thus possibly also of the amount of subcutaneous fat between individual populations probably were due rather to social and economic factors. However, satisfactory nutrition was observed not only in highly developed, but also in some underdeveloped communities. However, it was not possible to exclude the influence of ethnical factors. This was confirmed by the comparison of our results with the data obtained in primitive rural populations as well as with those ascertained in highly developed countries in industrial populations. PMID- 6660836 TI - Age at menarche among the Bhotias of Mana Valley. AB - The mean menarcheal age of the Bhotia girls of Mana Valley (Uttar Pradesh) has been found to be 16.38 +/- 1.53 years, which is the highest value so far reported from Indian populations. It is observed that altitude and nutritional status have a great bearing on the onset of menarche. The results obtained are compared with those from other Indian populations. PMID- 6660837 TI - Anthropometry of angles of scapula. AB - Various angles viz. superior, medial, inferior, inferolateral, lateral, acromial and coracoid were studied in 42 scapulae of right side and 54 scapulae of left side. The angles have no correlation to that of opposite side. The correlation coefficient of each angle in relation to other angles on the same side was studied. Some of the angles showed significant correlation to that of the others. PMID- 6660838 TI - [Data collection of form and ridge variations of the human palate]. AB - In order to permit uniform notation and evaluation of palatinal form and palatinal ridges a morphological recording schedule including a revised methodology is introduced. By means of actual case reports the general validity of including palatinal form and ridge variation with forensic paternity expertises as well as the advantage of the schedule proposed is demonstrated. However, also the usefulness of the schedule for intra- and interpopulation and family studies is stressed by the authors. PMID- 6660839 TI - [Nomenclature of iris color]. AB - Heterochromia simplex (Streiff) or true heterochromia of the iris (H. vera, H. congenita) is the product of mosaic inheritance arising from variable expressivity of the parental characteristics. This is different from the "mixed iris", which shows a mixture of colours, in which the components are no longer distinguishable but form a new shade. PMID- 6660840 TI - [Information on dermatoglyphic systems of the toes and soles of the feet among the Kalenjins of Kenya]. AB - The frequencies of quantitative and qualitative dermatoglyphic features of the toes and soles of 108 males and 108 females of two tribes from Northern Kenya are reported. These tribes are classified among the Kalenjin. The data are compared with those from other populations. PMID- 6660841 TI - [Gene frequency of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (E.C. 4.2.1.24) in a West German population]. AB - The delta-aminolevulinate dehydrase (E.C. 4.2.1.24) gene frequencies were investigated by starch gel electrophoresis in 711 unrelated individuals from the Dusseldorf area. The following gene frequencies were found: ALADH1 0.929, ALADH2 0.071. The frequency reported for ALADH1 is only slightly higher than that for Italy. PMID- 6660842 TI - [Effect of culture parameters on tobramycin biosynthesis]. AB - The effect of temperature, aeration and active acidity of the medium on biosynthesis of tobramycin was studied. The optimal temperature conditions (37 degrees C) were developed. It was shown that biosynthesis of tobramycin depended on the aeration conditions, especially at the beginning of the fermentation process. The initial pH 4.9-6.35 and 6.35-7.1 were found to be optimal for the growth of the tobramycin-producing organism and biosynthesis of the antibiotic, respectively. PMID- 6660843 TI - [Determination of the novocaine salt of benzylpenicillin]. AB - A simple procedure for acidometric titration of procaine benzylpenicillin after its chloroform extraction from alkaline solutions is described. Sodium benzylpenicillin does not prevent the titration. PMID- 6660844 TI - [Graphic method of assessing the maximum cumulative excretion of a drug]. AB - Inaccuracy in estimation of the maximum excretion of drugs (M infinity e) is the main cause of errors in determination of their pharmacokinetic parameters by the data of the cumulative excretion (Me(t)). It was shown that the M infinity e value could be determined analytically with the following equation: (formula; see text) where S0Me leads to t is the area under the cumulative excretion curve and ke1 is the elimination constant. The equation was derived from integration of the equation of the cumulative excretion of drugs, the pharmacokinetics of which could be formalized with the linear one-compartmental model. When the data were linearized on the coordinates S0Me leads to t/t - Me(t)/t, the M infinity e value was determined by the portion of the curve on the ordinate and the ke1 value was calculated by the negative reverse value of the regression coefficient. The advantage of the method is that collection of the excrete samples is not limited by the use of the method. The calculations may be performed with a calculator or manually. The possibilities of the method are illustrated with reference to an analysis of the simulated and experimental data. PMID- 6660846 TI - Value of serum tests in combined drug therapy of endocarditis. AB - Two in vitro tests, the serum killing level and the serum bactericidal rate assays, were evaluated for correlation with therapeutic efficacy in the rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Animals were treated with nafcillin alone and in combination with tobramycin or gentamicin. Both were effective therapies, but rapidity of vegetation sterilization by the single and combined regimens was shown by the serum bactericidal rate assay but not the serum killing level assay. As a direct measure of bactericidal activity in serum during therapy, the serum bactericidal rate assay may be a clinically useful supplemental test for providing information that the serum killing level assay cannot. PMID- 6660845 TI - Relationships between chemical structures of 8-aminoquinolines and their capacities for radical cure of infections with Plasmodium cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys. AB - Evaluation of 200 8-aminoquinolines for the capacities to effect radical cure of infections with sporozoites of Plasmodium cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys led to identification of 34 derivatives with activity equal or superior to that of primaquine and to characterization of substituents on the quinoline nucleus and side chain that favored or prejudiced curative activity. Of the 34 derivatives, 19 were as active as primaquine, 9 were twice as active, and 6 were four times as active. With respect to nuclear substituents, all were methoxy substituted at position 6; 24 had one and 10 had two additional substituents. The additions with most favorable impact on activity included methyl substituents at positions 4 and 2 and alkoxy, fluoro, and a group of 3- or 4-substituted phenoxy substituents at position 5. With respect to 8-amino substituents, 14 of the 15 derivatives more active than primaquine, and 13 of the 19 as active as primaquine, carried a branched alkyl chain, four to five carbons in length, between the 8- and terminal amino groups. Proximity of branching to the 8-amino group could be an important determinant of curative activity; however, the effect of such branching was not predictable. All 15 derivatives more active than primaquine and a substantial fraction of those comparable to primaquine in activity have sufficient structural novelty to merit evaluation for tolerability and radical curative activity in humans, with reasonable prospects that one or more would be better tolerated than primaquine and superior to this drug for cure of Plasmodium vivax infections. PMID- 6660847 TI - Amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid for the treatment of soft tissue infections in children. AB - We compared responses to amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid (ACA) with a cefaclor regimen in children with skin and soft tissue infections (impetigo and cellulitis) due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Haemophilus species. All isolates from the 41 patients we were able to evaluate were susceptible to ACA by disk susceptibility testing at the onset of treatment. The 21 children receiving ACA and 18 (90%) of 20 taking cefaclor responded to therapy. Clinical cure was achieved in 18 (86%) of 21 and 18 (90%) of 20 in the two groups, respectively. Bacteriological failure occurred in 2 (10%) patients in the cefaclor group and none in the group receiving ACA; however, there were 2 (9%) relapses and 1 (5%) reinfection among the 21 children taking ACA. Adverse effects, although mild, occurred more commonly (9 of 21 versus 1 of 20; P = 0.005) with ACA than with cefaclor. PMID- 6660849 TI - Effect of phosphate and amino acids on echinomycin biosynthesis by Streptomyces echinatus. AB - Streptomyces echinatus produces only echinomycin (quinomycin A), in contrast to other streptomycetes, which produce families of quinoxaline antibiotics differing in the amino acid composition of the oligopeptide (quinomycins A, B, B0, C, D, and E) or the structure of the sulfur-containing cross bridge (triostins A, B, and C). Attempts were made to establish conditions for directed biosynthesis with S. echinatus. The lability of the peptide lactone to alkaline pH was obviated by using high levels of phosphate or HEPES [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethane sulfonic acid] buffer in the production medium. Maintaining the pH below 7.5 resulted in an apparent stimulation of production. Amino acids which serve as structural components or as precursors of echinomycin were employed singly or in combination with nitrate in a chemically defined medium. Based on specific yield (micrograms of echinomycin per milligram of mycelia [dry weight]), D- and L serine, D-alanine, L-valine, and L-phenylalanine produced equivalent yields of antibiotic which were approximately twofold greater than yields obtained with nitrate alone. In contrast, L-alanine, beta-alanine, and L-threonine produced a three- to fourfold stimulation of production. Although the other amino acids diminished antibiotic production, L-isoleucine, which ostensibly was inhibitory to production, supported the accumulation of a quinoxaline antibiotic in which the cross-bridge sulfur lacked a methyl group. PMID- 6660848 TI - Sensitive radioimmunoassay for the broad-spectrum antiviral agent ribavirin. AB - Ribavirin, 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxyamide (Virazole; Viratek, Inc., Covina, Calif.), has a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. However, the study of the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of this compound has been limited by the lack of an appropriate assay for ribavirin and its metabolites. Since ribavirin has definite potential for therapeutic use, we developed a radioimmunoassay to measure ribavirin levels in clinical specimens. To prepare an effective immunogen, ribavirin was monosuccinylated and coupled to ovalbumin. The competitive binding radioimmunoassay, in which tritium-labeled ribavirin and rabbit antiribavirin serum were used, was quantitative for ribavirin at concentrations of 1 pmol/100 microliter in urine or plasma samples. The rabbit antibody cross-reacted with the major metabolite of ribavirin, 1,2,4 triazole-3-carboxamide, at a low level (2 to 5%) which did not interfere with ribavirin binding until concentrations of 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide 10- to 100 fold higher than ribavirin were present in mock samples, a condition not present in biological specimens. We used the ribavirin radioimmunoassay to determine the ribavirin concentration in mouse plasma after intraperitoneal administration, in the sera of adults from Sierra Leone after oral or intravenous administration for treatment of suspected Lassa fever, and in the sera of children in the United States after small-particle aerosol administration. Our experience with the radioimmunoassay indicates that it is sensitive, accurate, and reproducible. The assay will permit studies leading to a better understanding of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of this potentially useful antiviral drug. PMID- 6660850 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic quantitation of azlocillin. AB - We describe a rapid, precise, and simple procedure for the quantitation of azlocillin in serum and in aqueous solutions by high-pressure, reverse-phase liquid chromatography. This method uses a single precipitation step, detection by dual-wavelength monitoring (220 and 254 nm), and quantitation by comparison with an internal standard. The 10-micron C18 muBondapak column was eluted with 45% (vol/vol) methanol-65% (vol/vol) phosphate buffer. The precision was 4.2 and 5.6% at 50 and 10 micrograms/ml, respectively. The assay was linear up to concentrations of 100 micrograms/ml, with recoveries of 90.4 to 110.5% from serum. The assay was sensitive to 0.4 micrograms of azlocillin per ml. The short turnover time (14 min) and small serum sample size (20 microliters) make the assay ideal for therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 6660851 TI - Effects of antibiotic treatment of nonlactating dairy cows on antibiotic resistance patterns of bovine mastitis pathogens. AB - Antibiotic resistance patterns of the major groups of bovine mastitis pathogens (Streptococcus agalactiae, other streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) were examined by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 13 different antibiotics against bacterial isolates from dairy cattle. The bacterial strains were obtained from milk samples from each cow in 21 New York state dairy herd surveys. In 12 herd surveys (high antibiotic-use group), all 365 cows received antibiotic infusions into the udder at the cessation of each lactation cycle. The 324 animals in the other nine herd surveys (low antibiotic-use group) did not routinely receive antibiotics during the nonlactation period. The MICs from the two groups were compared by calculating for each bacterial group the average MIC, the antibiotic concentration necessary to inhibit 90% of the isolates, and the antibiotic concentration necessary to inhibit 50% of the isolates. Increased resistance to all 13 antibiotics was observed with Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from the high antibiotic use herds. However, there was relatively little difference between the two groups in the resistance patterns of the other bacterial species examined. The most important finding of the study was the identification of a multiple beta-lactam resistance phenotype in Streptococcus agalactiae. PMID- 6660852 TI - Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of ciprofloxacin. AB - A 500-mg dose of the quinoline ciprofloxacin was administered orally to each of six healthy male volunteers, after which the concentrations of this agent in serum and blister fluid were measured. Absorption appeared to be rapid, with a mean peak level of 2.4 micrograms/ml attained 1.25 h after administration. The serum elimination half-life was 3.9 h. The agent penetrated blister fluid well, the percent penetration being 57%. Urinary recovery of ciprofloxacin was 30%. PMID- 6660853 TI - Effects of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine on proliferation of human fibroblasts, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells in vitro. AB - Inhibition of human fibroblasts, granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells, and lymphocytes was observed at (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine concentrations ranging from 21 to 197 micrograms/ml. These concentrations were 10- to 100-fold above usual serum concentrations after oral administration. (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl) 2'-deoxyuridine compares favorably with currently used antivirals in terms of in vitro myelotoxicity and immunotoxicity. PMID- 6660854 TI - Activity of AMP against experimental herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in mice. AB - Administration of AMP soon after inoculation of mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 inhibited development of virus-induced lesions and appeared to prevent establishment of virus latency. These effects were dependent on both the AMP dose and the time of AMP administration. Regression of herpes simplex virus type 1 induced lesions was also accelerated significantly by AMP treatment in a time- and dose-dependent manner. PMID- 6660855 TI - Subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics alter fibronectin binding to Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Fibronectin, a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein, is found in plasma and on mammalian cell surfaces. Recent reports have suggested that bacterial-fibronectin interactions play a role in bacterial attachment to host cells. Subinhibitory concentrations of lincosamines, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol decreased fibronectin binding to Staphylococcus aureus, whereas beta-lactam antibiotics enhanced this interaction. PMID- 6660857 TI - In vitro susceptibilities of five Leptospira strains to 16 antimicrobial agents. AB - The in vitro activities of 16 antibiotics against five serovar strains of the genus Leptospira were determined. Five of the antibiotics (ampicillin, cefmetazole, moxalactam, ceftizoxime, and cefotaxime) exhibited a lower minimal inhibitory concentration than did penicillin G. In tests for minimal bactericidal concentration, ceftizoxime and cefotaxime were found to be more effective than penicillin G, streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and cefmetazole. PMID- 6660856 TI - Frequency of tetracycline resistance determinant classes among lactose-fermenting coliforms. AB - Using colony hybridization techniques and DNA probes derived from four distinct tetracycline resistance determinants, we have examined the frequency of these determinants among 225 lactose-fermenting coliforms isolated from fecal samples of both humans and animals. The class B, or Tn10-type determinant, occurred most frequently at 73.3%, followed by class A (on RP1) at 21.7%, and class C (on pSC101) at 8%; 3.5% of isolates harbored two of these determinants. Hybridization to class D, carried by plasmid RA1, was not found among any of the isolates. One isolate failed to hybridize to any of the probes and represents a fifth class of determinant. No dramatic differences were observed in the frequencies of these determinants among four populations examined: hospital, urban, rural, and laboratory. At low stringency conditions of hybridization we were able to demonstrate cross-hybridization of determinant A with class C DNA and limited reaction with class B DNA, but no reaction with class D DNA. PMID- 6660858 TI - Human intravenous pharmacokinetics and absolute oral bioavailability of cefatrizine. AB - Cefatrizine was administered intravenously and orally at dose levels of 250, 500, and 1,000 mg to normal male volunteers in a crossover study. Intravenous pharmacokinetics were dose linear over this range; mean peak plasma concentrations at the end of 30-min infusions were, respectively, 18, 37, and 75 micrograms/ml, total body clearance was 218 ml/min per 1.73 m2, renal clearance was 176 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and mean retention time in the body was 1.11 h. Cumulative urinary excretion of intact cefatrizine was 80% of the dose, and half lives ranged from 1 to 1.4 h. Steady-state volume of distribution was 0.22 liters/kg. On oral administration, the absolute bioavailabilities of cefatrizine were 75% at 250 and 500 mg and 50% at 1,000 mg. The mean peak plasma concentrations and peak times were, respectively, 4.9, 8.6, and 10.2 micrograms/ml at 1.4, 1.6, and 2.0 h, mean residence times were 2.4, 2.6, and 3.1 h, and mean absorption times were 1.3, 1.6, and 1.9 h. Oral renal clearance and half-life values corresponded well to the intravenous values. Cumulative urinary excretion of intact cefatrizine (as percentage of dose) was 60 at 250 mg, 56 at 500 mg, and 42 at 1,000 mg. It is hypothesized that the lack of oral dose linearity between the 500- and 1,000-mg doses is due to a component of cefatrizine absorption by a saturable transport process. Relative absorption at the high dose would be sufficiently slow that an absorption "window" would be passed before maximum bioavailability could be attained. It is not expected that the observed bioavailability decrease at doses exceeding 500 mg will have any therapeutic significance, since clinical studies are establishing efficacy for a recommended unit dosage regimen of 500 mg. PMID- 6660859 TI - Cyclosporin A inhibits Coccidioides immitis in vitro and in vivo. AB - BALB/c mice infected intraperitoneally with Coccidioides immitis were treated with cyclosporin (CyA) subcutaneously. CyA prevented infection when treatment was started at day zero. When treatment was delayed until day 6 after infection, the mice that received either 75 or 25 mg/kg per day survived, but those treated with 7.5 mg/kg per day had the same mortality rate as controls. The higher doses of CyA prevented dissemination of the fungus from the peritoneum to the lung but did not eliminate the peritoneal infection. In vitro, CyA inhibited the growth of the mycelial phase of eight test strains of C. immitis at a concentration of 1.0 microgram/ml. One or two strains of 10 other fungi were tested for susceptibility to CyA; only Aspergillus niger was inhibited, at a concentration of 0.1 microgram/ml. CyA is structurally unrelated to the polyenes and imidazoles and has a very restricted spectrum of antifungal activity. CyA may represent a new class of antifungal agents with a novel mechanism of antifungal activity. PMID- 6660860 TI - Cefoxitin inactivation by Bacteroides fragilis. AB - We have surveyed the susceptibility of 1,575 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group of organisms to cefoxitin and eight other antimicrobial agents. Eleven isolates, 0.7% of the total, were highly cefoxitin resistant and had minimum inhibitory concentrations of greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml. These isolates were also resistant to other beta-lactam antibiotics. Of 11 isolates, 4 were able to inactivate cefoxitin in broth cultures, as measured by microbiological and high-pressure liquid chromatography assays. Two distinct patterns of cefoxitin breakdown products were detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. The beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid and sulbactam failed to show synergism with cefoxitin. These data demonstrate that members of the B. fragilis group have acquired a novel resistance mechanism enabling them to inactivate cefoxitin. PMID- 6660861 TI - Correlation of microenvironmental drug concentration with inhibition of growth of microorganisms on surfaces. AB - Methodologies have been developed to study the concept of microenvironmental drug concentration (C*) near or around microorganisms. C* may be calculated from data on drug release from a depot site by using appropriate diffusion relationships. By following C* and correlating this with the minimum inhibitory concentration (CMIC), one could attempt to predict the effectiveness of an antiplaque agent. When C* is less than CMIC, growth would be expected to occur; when C* is higher than or equal to CMIC, growth would not be expected. Chlorhexidine diacetate was chosen for this study, which used a system involving microorganisms present on the surface of drug-treated hydroxyapatite pellets. CMIC, defined as the lowest concentration to inhibit bacterial growth, was determined independently and under conditions similar to those used in the C* experiments. Surface growth of adhering microorganisms (Streptococcus mutans SL1) was followed by scanning electron microscopy. The parameters used in the calculation of C* were determined independently. Diffusion coefficients of the drugs and the diffusion layer thickness were determined under conditions similar to those employed in the release rate studies. Surface growth was generally found to be inhibited whenever C* was significantly greater than CMIC, and growth occurred whenever C* was significantly smaller than CMIC. These findings demonstrate how C* may determine the action of a topically administered antimicrobial agent and how the various physical and chemical factors play roles in influencing this quantity. PMID- 6660863 TI - Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. AB - After a single 500-mg intravenous dose of metronidazole, plasma and dialysate levels were measured over a 7.5-h period in five patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis for terminal renal failure. Approximately 10% of this dose was removed by dialysis during that period, and therapeutic levels were maintained in plasma. No routine adjustment in the dosage of metronidazole appears necessary in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6660862 TI - Establishment of a murine cell line resistant to arabinosyladenine and devoid of adenosine deaminase activity. AB - A population of cells stably resistant to a concentration of arabinosyladenine 100-fold greater than that tolerated by wild-type cells was selected over a period of 15 months. The cells are not cross resistant to arabinosylcytosine and may have at least one kinase with altered substrate specificity. PMID- 6660864 TI - Mental retardation in Swedish urban children: some epidemiological considerations. AB - The total population of children born in 1971 and living in Gothenburg, Sweden, by the end of 1977 was screened in order to estimate prevalence figures for various neurodevelopmental disorders. Ninety-four percent of all children assessed attended public preschools. Questionnaires aimed at detecting perceptual, conceptual, motor, and attentional deficits were completed by preschool teachers for 72% of children in these schools. Samples of children with and without problems on the questionnaire were given neuropsychiatric examinations. National registers were searched to identify mentally retarded children not in public preschools. The total population frequency figure for unequivocal mental retardation was almost 1% with an additional 1% of the total population deemed to be of borderline intelligence. PMID- 6660866 TI - Using water mist to reduce self-injurious and stereotypic behavior. AB - A mist of water sprayed in the face was used as a punisher for stereotypic and self-injurious behaviors by a boy diagnosed as severely mentally retarded with autistic-like behaviors. The boy had a long history of mouthing and hand-biting behaviors. The latter behavior was evinced by noticeable scar tissue on the backs of his hands. The study took place in a self-contained public school classroom for autistic children and other children with severe communication disorders and functional mental retardation. An ABAB withdrawal design with no treatment probes demonstrated the rapid and dramatic suppressive effects that the response contingent water mist had on the target behaviors. This procedure was taught to classroom personnel who were able to maintain the suppression with minimal interruption of educational programming for the subject or his peers. No adverse physical effects were observed nor did the child attempt to escape or struggle against the procedure. The results are discussed in relation to ethical considerations and the use of response-contingent aversive stimulation. PMID- 6660865 TI - Assessment and reduction of food stealing in Prader-Willi children. AB - A common behavior problem among Prader-Willi children is inappropriate foraging for food. Theft and subsequent consumption often go undetected and contribute to morbid obesity in many of these individuals. In this study an observational methodology was developed to assess food stealing in two children with Prader Willi syndrome. The children were observed to steal food at a high rates under baseline conditions in three hospital settings. Subsequent treatment, based on differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO), consisted of reinforcement of nonstealing at the end of progressively lengthening intervals, and was implemented in multiple baseline fashion across both subjects and settings. Results showed that both subjects' stealing rapidly ceased in treated settings, but failed to show generalization to untreated settings. Follow-up data collected in one setting after termination of active intervention reflected continued nonoccurrence of food stealing, although long-term weight data were not encouraging. Results are discussed in terms of their methodological contribution to the study and treatment of Prader-Willi syndrome. PMID- 6660867 TI - Preferences of content of psychological reports for community placement programs. AB - With the shift toward community-based care for mentally retarded persons has come a change in programming goals aimed more at habilitation. The information from psychological reports is frequently used as one type of information for decision making about clients although such reports have frequently been criticized for not providing relevant data. Staff members of community programs in Pennsylvania were surveyed to elicit their preferences for various types of report data. Of the categories of information included in this survey, personality dynamics information and descriptions of general emotional and personality factors were rated as less useful than was information regarding academic achievement, vocational achievement, adaptive skills, and client-examiner interaction. Implications of these findings for psychologists who assess mentally retarded clients are discussed. PMID- 6660868 TI - Isolation and identification of pathogenic Naegleria australiensis (Amoebida, Vahlkampfiidae) from a spa in northern Italy. AB - Samples from therapeutic swimming pools and mud basins were cultured for free living amoebae. Seven strains of pathogenic Naegleria species were isolated. Although some of the strains were as virulent as Naegleria fowleri, the etiological agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, they were identified as Naegleria australiensis with the indirect fluorescent-antibody technique. The virulence of the isolates for mice corresponded with the cytopathic effect for Vero cells. The N. australiensis strains were isolated from swimming pools with water temperatures ranging from 32 to 35 degrees C and from mud with temperatures from 25 to 43 degrees C. The presence of pathogenic N. australiensis in the swimming pools did not correlate with bacterial indicators. PMID- 6660869 TI - Classification of terverticillate penicillia based on profiles of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites. AB - Strains of available terverticillate penicillium species and varieties were analyzed for profiles of known mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites produced on Czapek yeast autolysate agar (intracellular metabolites) and yeast extract-sucrose agar (extracellular metabolites) by using simple thin-layer chromatography screening techniques. These strains (2,473 in all) could be classified into 29 groups based on profiles of secondary metabolites. Most of these profiles of secondary metabolites were distinct, containing several biosynthetically different mycotoxins and unknown metabolites characterized by distinct colors and retardation factors on thin-layer chromatography plates. Some species (P. italicum and P. atramentosum) only produced one or two metabolites by the simple screening methods. The 29 groups based on profiles of secondary metabolites were known species or subgroups thereof. These species and subgroups were independently identifiable by using morphological and physiological criteria. The species accepted, the number of isolates in each species investigated, and the mycotoxins they produced were: P. atramentosum, 4; P. aurantiogriseum, 510 (group I: penicillic acid and S-toxin and group II: penicillic acid, penitrem A [low frequency], terrestric acid [low frequency], viomellein, and xanthomegnin); P. brevicompactum, 81 (brevianamid A and mycophenolic acid); P. camembertii group I, 38, and group II, 114 (cyclopiazonic acid); P. chrysogenum, 87 (penicillin, roquefortine C, and PR-toxin); P. claviforme, 4 (patulin and roquefortine C); P. clavigerum, 4 (penitrem A); P. concentricum group I, 10 (griseofulvin and roquefortine C), and group II, 3 (patulin and roquefortine C); P. crustosum, 123 (penitrem A, roquefortine C, and terrestric acid); P. echinulatum, 13; P. expansum, 91 (citrinin, patulin, and roquefortine C); P. granulatum, 6 (patulin, penitrem A, and roquefortine C [traces]); P. griseofulvum, 21 (cyclopiazonic acid, griseofulvin, patulin, and roquefortine C); P. hirsutum, 100 (group I: terrestric acid; group II: citrinin, penicillic acid , roquefortine C, and terrestric acid; and group III: roquefortine C and terrestric acid), P. hirsutum group IV, 2 (chaetoglobosin C); P. isariiforme, 1; P. italicum, 41; P. mali, 104; P. roquefortii, 78 (group I: mycophenolic acid, PR-toxin, and roquefortine C and group II: mycophenolic acid, patulin, penicillic acid [low frequency], and roquefortine C); P. viridicatum group I, 634 (brevianamid A [low frequency], penicillic acid, viomellein, and xanthomegnin), P. viridicatum group II and III, 494 (citrinin and ochratoxin A), P. viridicatum group IV, 12 (griseofulvin and viridicatumtoxin). It is proposed that profiles of secondary metabolites be strongly emphasized in any future revision of the penicillia. PMID- 6660870 TI - Natural occurrence of the mycotoxin viomellein in barley and the associated quinone-producing penicillia. AB - In a batch of barley associated with field cases of mycotoxic porcine nephropathy and containing ochratoxin A and citrinin, the mycoflora were isolated by parallel incubation at 10 and 25 degrees C. Subsequently, the isolated cultures were checked for production of nephrotoxins (xanthomegnin, viomellein, ochratoxin, and citrinin). The nephrotoxin producers, all isolated by incubation at 10 degrees C, were comprised of one culture of Penicillium viridicatum, five cultures of Penicillium cyclopium, and one culture of Penicillium crustosum, all producing xanthomegnin and viomellein. One culture of P. cyclopium produced citrinin. Viomellein was detected in the barley at a concentration of approximately 1 mg/kg. The method of analysis for xanthomegnin and viomellein included extraction with chloroform, partitioning in hexane-acetone, and thin-layer chromatographic separation and identification. The identity of the xanthomegnin and viomellein produced by the isolated fungi and of viomellein detected in the barley was supported by infrared spectroscopy. This is the first report of viomellein as a natural contaminant of foodstuffs. PMID- 6660871 TI - Comparison of Vogel-Johnson and Baird-Parker media for membrane filtration recovery of staphylococci in swimming pool water. AB - Previous studies have indicated that the coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus aureus) has potential as a useful indicator of the infection hazard associated with the use of swimming pools and other recreational waters. However, before this indicator system can be used effectively, a recovery system that is sufficiently selective, accurate, and reliable for the enumeration of S. aureus must be developed. In this study, Vogel-Johnson (VJ) and Baird-Parker (BP) agars were compared for efficacy in the primary isolation and recovery of S. aureus from swimming pool water. For equal sample volumes of pool water containing adequate free chlorine residual, VJ agar was found to be more selective for staphylococcal species and less inhibitory to general cell growth than was BP agar. However, neither medium was found to be sufficiently differential to permit the accurate identification of S. aureus. In contrast, water samples obtained from a swimming pool containing very low levels of chlorine (none of which was in the free form) showed abundant growth of staphylococci on both test media, with both VJ and BP agars showing increased sensitivity for the detection of S. aureus. Thus, VJ and BP agars show increased sensitivity for the detection of coagulase-positive staphylococci from unchlorinated versus chlorinated waters. PMID- 6660872 TI - Chromatofocusing: a new method for purification of staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C1. AB - A new chromatographic procedure was developed which obtained highly purified preparations of staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C1 in yields of 60% from cultures of Staphylococcus aureus and which is faster than any of the separation methods used previously. The procedure involves chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose, removal of alpha-toxin by adsorption to rabbit erythrocyte membranes, and finally, chromatofocusing as the fundamental new step. Enterotoxins were obtained in highly purified form and behaved in a homogeneous manner as determined by ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, with molecular weights of 34,000 for staphylococcal enterotoxin B and 30,000 for staphylococcal enterotoxin C1. Using chromatofocusing as the final purification step, we isolated three B and six C1 distinct but immunologically identical enterotoxin fractions, which were found to be devoid of any impurities and to possess a marked degree of toxicity in monkeys. PMID- 6660873 TI - Role of catabolite regulatory mechanisms in control of carbohydrate utilization by the rumen anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis. AB - Neocallimastix frontalis PN-1 utilized the soluble sugars D-glucose, D cellobiose, D-fructose, maltose, sucrose, and D-xylose for growth. L-Arabinose, D galactose, D-mannose, and D-xylitol did not support growth of the fungus. Paired substrate test systems were used to determine whether any two sugars were utilized simultaneously or sequentially. Of the paired monosaccharides tested, glucose was found to be preferentially utilized compared with fructose and xylose. The disaccharides cellobiose and sucrose were preferentially utilized compared with fructose and glucose, respectively, an cellobiose was also the preferred substrate compared with xylose. Xylose was the preferred substrate compared with maltose. In further incubations, the fungus was grown on the substrate utilized last in the two-substrate tests. After moderate growth was attained, the preferred substrate was added to the culture medium. Inhibition of nonpreferred substrate utilization by the addition of the preferred substrate was taken as evidence of catabolite regulation. For the various combinations of substrates tested, fructose and xylose utilization was found to be inhibited in the presence of glucose, indicating that catabolite regulation was involved. No clear-cut inhibition was observed with any of the other substrate combinations tested. The significance of these findings in relation to rumen microbial interactions and competitions is discussed. PMID- 6660874 TI - Growth and end product formation of two psychrotrophic Lactobacillus spp. and Brochothrix thermosphacta ATCC 11509T at different pH values and temperatures. AB - Lactobacillus viridescens, Lactobacillus sp. strain 173 (homofermentative), and Brochothrix thermosphacta ATCC 11509T were studied at different pH values and temperatures in aerobic and anaerobic batch cultures. The growth rates were higher in aerobic than in anaerobic cultures. L. viridescens grew faster at pH 5.8 than at pH 6.3, whereas the opposite was true for B. thermosphacta. Lactobacillus sp. strain 173 was inhibited in air or at 8 degrees C in anaerobic culture. B. thermosphacta did not grow in anaerobic culture at pH 5.3. The following variations in growth yields were found in the different environments studied: Lactobacillus sp. strain 173, 23 to 25 g (dry weight) per mol of glucose consumed; L. viridescens, 11 to 23 g/mol; B. thermosphacta, 16 to 38 g/mol. In air, L. viridescens produced D-lactic acid, ethanol, and acetic acid, whereas no acetic acid was produced anaerobically. Acetic acid and ethanol together constituted 41 to 48% of the total product yield irrespective of pH and temperature. Lactobacillus sp. strain 173 produced a racemic mixture of D- and L lactic acid at pH 6.3, whereas the proportion of L-lactic acid was higher than that of D-lactic acid at pH 5.3. In air, product formation of B. thermosphacta varied from a domination of L-lactic acid to increasing yields of acetoin, acetic acid, 2,3-butanediol and isovaleric acid. The effect of pH and temperature on product formation was difficult to separate from the effect of O2 availability in aerobic cultures. However, it was indicated that more 2,3-butanediol and less acetoin were produced with a decreasing temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6660875 TI - Direct skin test in highly sensitized guinea pigs for rapid and sensitive determination of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. AB - The direct skin test in highly sensitized guinea pigs was developed as a rapid and extremely sensitive assay for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in foods. This report details the experimental conditions required to elicit optimal sensitization of guinea pigs to SEB. An intense and persistent immunoglobulin E (IgE) anti-SEB response was established in strain 13 guinea pigs pretreated with cyclophosphamide followed by four sensitizing doses of 10 micrograms of SEB 1 month apart. The conditions, however, optimal for eliciting IgE responses led to a sustained failure to produce antibody of the IgG1 subclass. With the use of highly sensitized guinea pigs, one can achieve a sensitivity ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 pg of purified SEB by the direct skin test for at least 7 months after the last challenge. For analysis of SEB in food extracts, the entire assay can be accomplished within 20 min with a sensitivity of 10 to 100 pg SEB per ml of prepared food samples, and the recovery of enterotoxin from spiked food products ranged between 75 and 89% of the amount added. PMID- 6660876 TI - Mechanism of chlorine inactivation of DNA-containing parvovirus H-1. AB - An investigation was undertaken to determine the effect of chlorine on a small DNA-containing enteric virus. Parvovirus H-1 was exposed to sodium hypochlorite in a phosphate-buffered saline solution at pH 7. Then, the whole virion, the protein capsid, or the nucleic acid was subjected to analysis. The sedimentation rate of the chlorine-treated whole virus decreased from 110S to 43S. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the virus demonstrated the formation of higher-molecular-weight aggregates resulting from covalent cross linking of the capsid proteins. Electron microscopic examination revealed that the DNA was extruded as a taillike structure which remained attached to the virus particle. Furthermore, the DNA was intact and still capable of in vitro replication. The adsorption of the chlorine-treated virions to host cells was inhibited, presumably due to the effect of chlorine on the particular spatial arrangement of the capsid proteins required for adsorption. Specific sites on these proteins had become highly reactive, indicating that the initial action of chlorine on parvovirus H-1 was on the viral capsid. PMID- 6660877 TI - Heat injury in Staphylococcus aureus 196E: protection by metabolizable and non metabolizable sugars and polyols. AB - Polyols and sugars, which were not metabolized (O2 uptake or fermentation was not demonstrated), protected Staphylococcus aureus 196E against heat injury as well as metabolized compounds. Inhibitors of glucose metabolism decreased O2 uptake with glucose but did not affect the protective ability of glucose against heat injury. PMID- 6660878 TI - Antibiotic resistance of fecal coliforms after long-term withdrawal of therapeutic and subtherapeutic antibiotic use in a swine herd. AB - Tetracycline resistance of fecal coliforms isolated from swine decreased from 82 to 42%, a decrease of less than 50%, after the use of all forms of antimicrobial agents were discontinued in the herd for 126 months. PMID- 6660880 TI - Bacterial chemotaxis to effluent from a rum distillery in tropical near-shore coastal waters. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae showed a strong positive chemotactic response towards rum distillery wastewaters (mostos) and a high oxygen uptake rate in the presence of this complex substrate. Rum slops stimulated only motility in Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli. The A. hydrophila and E. coli isolates were unable to oxidize mostos significantly. PMID- 6660879 TI - Production of cyclopiazonic acid by Aspergillus tamarii Kita. AB - Production of the mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid by Aspergillus tamarii Kita is reported for the first time. Examination of 23 isolates of the fungus showed that 22 produced the toxin under the culture conditions utilized. PMID- 6660881 TI - Anaerobic degradation of coniferyl alcohol by methanogenic consortia. AB - Coniferyl alcohol was shown to be completely biodegradable to carbon dioxide and methane under strictly anaerobic culture conditions. The mineralization of 300 mg of the substrate per liter was observed in acclimated ferulic acid-degrading methanogenic consortia, as well as in anaerobic enrichments on coniferyl alcohol seeded with sewage sludge. Ferulic and phenylpropionic acids were detected in the cultures degrading coniferyl alcohol as the sole carbon and energy source, suggesting that this compound is oxidized to ferulic acid, which is then degraded as previously described. PMID- 6660882 TI - Satellite growth of Legionella pneumophila with an environmental isolate of Flavobacterium breve. AB - Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was observed to satellite around colonies of Flavobacterium breve on an L-cysteine-deficient medium which did not support growth of legionellae. Both isolates were recovered from the hot water tanks of hospitals. Ferric PPi stimulated satellite growth between 0.01 and 0.1%. PMID- 6660883 TI - Polymorphonuclear leucocyte transfusion in neonatal septicaemia. AB - In one neonatal intensive care unit during a 15 month period 6 infants developed septicaemia which was resistant to antibiotic treatment. The infants' mean gestational age and birthweight were 32.7 weeks and 1519 g respectively. Intravenous infusions of polymorphonuclear leucocytes were given. Three infants died and the remainder survived without complications. No side effects of the treatment were identified. PMID- 6660884 TI - Reading disability and defects of the middle ear. AB - The impedance bridge test is a sensitive and objective measure of the integrity and function of the middle ear. Tympanograms obtained from children with a specific reading disability were compared with those from a matched group of controls. A significantly higher prevalence of defects of the middle ear was shown in the test group. PMID- 6660885 TI - Continuous measurement of subarachnoid pressure in the severely asphyxiated newborn. AB - We describe a method of monitoring continuously subarachnoid pressure in the severely asphyxiated newborn by a percutaneously placed catheter. Five infants were studied for a total of 180 hours and although opening pressures were not appreciably raised in any, maximum pressures were above 20 mmHg in four infants and reached a peak of 48 mmHg in one. PMID- 6660887 TI - Positioning of umbilical arterial catheters with ultrasound. AB - Fifty six infants were studied by ultrasound, 22 during the placement of the umbilical artery catheter. The descending aorta, bifurcation, common iliac arteries, and the intra-arterial catheter could be clearly seen. We recommend that the catheter tip be placed 5-10 mm above the aortic bifurcation thus avoiding the major branches of descending aorta. PMID- 6660886 TI - Intrauterine hydrops caused by premature closure of the foramen ovale. AB - Intrauterine hydrops was diagnosed by two dimensional echocardiography. The fetus had a pericardial effusion and a thick interatrial septum without a foramen ovale flap. The condition was treated by giving the mother digitalis. Postnatally, the effusion had disappeared and a parachute mitral valve was found. PMID- 6660888 TI - Haemangioma with thrombocytopenia (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome). AB - We describe two patients with haemangioma with thrombocytopenia (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome). Both were treated with corticosteroids without notable improvement. The first patient responded satisfactorily to radiotherapy, whereas the second showed a slow spontaneous resolution. PMID- 6660890 TI - The Child Accident Prevention Trust. PMID- 6660889 TI - Management of thalassaemia major. PMID- 6660891 TI - Pyridoxine responsive epilepsy: expanded pyridoxine dependency? PMID- 6660892 TI - Prelaparotomy diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary atresia. PMID- 6660893 TI - Changing incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. PMID- 6660894 TI - Congenital heart defects--the risks to offspring. PMID- 6660895 TI - Age as a main determinant of renal functional damage in urinary tract infection. AB - Renal function was studied in 61 girls suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections, with at least one febrile infection. Clearance of inulin was determined. Intravenous urography and micturating cystourethrography were performed 1-6 months after the first infection and 0-6 months before or after the function test. A low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was found only among children with their first pyelonephritis before the age of 3 years. A low GFR was found mostly in patients with small or scarred kidneys but was also seen in a few patients with normal intravenous urographs. Low GFR as well as radiologically small kidneys at the time of the function test were found independently of the presence or grade of vesicoureteral reflux at first infection. Patients with early onset pyelonephritis (before age 3 years) had a low capacity for early compensatory hypertrophy in contrast to patients with late onset pyelonephritis. PMID- 6660896 TI - Neonatal convulsions--a 10 year review. AB - The incidence and aetiologies of neonatal convulsions within a hospital population were reviewed over 10 years (1971-80 inclusive). Three periods, 1971-4 (12 904) live births). 1975-7 (13 304 live births), and 1978-80 (14 849 live births) during this decade are compared. The overall incidence of neonatal convulsions rose from 2-6/1000 and then to 8.6/1000 live births. Most convulsions were associated with cerebral hypoxia and 'fifth day fits'. Increasingly thorough investigations reduced the number of infants in whom no cause was identified to 11%. Although there was an appreciable overall reduction in mortality associated with convulsions, mortality among babies whose fits were caused by cerebral hypoxia remained over 50%. PMID- 6660897 TI - Non-immunologic hydrops fetalis: a review of 27 cases. AB - Twenty seven babies with severe non-haemolytic hydrops fetalis were born during a 7 1/4 year period (1/1400 total births). Thirteen were live born and admitted to the intensive care nursery, but only three survived. The survivors differed from those live born infants who died in the neonatal period in that the cause of the hydrops was discovered antenatally, their serum concentrations of total protein and albumin were normal, and they had no structural anomaly. A scheme of investigation of the severely hydropic fetus in the antenatal period is outlined and the role of active obstetric management is evaluated. PMID- 6660898 TI - Juvenile discitis. AB - Over a period of three years four girls and two boys presented with discitis. All were less than 5 years old at presentation, and each had a short history of symptoms. Three were initially thought to have pathological defects of the abdomen. All children showed abnormal posturing with exaggerated lumbar lordosis. Diagnosis was essentially clinical. All cultures were sterile. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was increased in all the children and all had mild pyrexia. Symptoms lasted from two to 8 weeks. Discitis should be considered in any child with fever, abnormal posturing, and refusal to walk. Early recognition may avoid unnecessary diagnostic and treatment procedures. PMID- 6660899 TI - A 7 year survey of acute hepatitis type B. AB - Epidemiological and clinical features of acute symptomatic hepatitis type B were evaluated in 51 otherwise healthy children and in 13 children receiving immunosuppressive treatment for leukaemia and malignancy, who were admitted to hospital with acute hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive hepatitis during a period of 7 years. Blood transfusions, or intimate contacts with asymptomatic HBsAg carriers or with contaminated material during repeated admission to hospital were the possible sources of infection in the immunosuppressed patients, whereas percutaneous exposure was identified as the source in a minority of non immunosuppressed patients. Features of the acute phase of the illness differed little between the two groups of patients (acute liver failure developed in one patient with leukaemia and in two untreated children). Conversely, chronic evolution was observed in 69% of immunosuppressed patients but in only 9% of untreated children and affected only patients born to HBsAg positive mothers (two of four patients) or patients presenting with papular acrodermatitis (both patients). PMID- 6660900 TI - Monitoring of cerebral function after severe asphyxia in infancy. AB - Thirty nine infants with severe asphyxia (28 affected perinatally and 11 later) were studied by electrophysiological cerebral function monitoring (CFM) for periods varying from a half to 49 days. Nineteen infants died while still in intensive care and two died later from sequelae. Eighteen survived and were followed up when aged between 8 and 36 months. The initial electroencephalogram (EEG) and the first 12 hours of CFM tracing correlated well. The type of background activity, whether continuous or interrupted, proved to be of high prognostic importance unlike the presence of seizure activity, which bore no distinct correlation to outcome in these severely asphyxiated infants. PMID- 6660901 TI - Pityriasis rubra pilaris: a clinico-pathological and therapeutic study with special reference to histochemistry, autoradiography, and electron microscopy. AB - Five patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) were analyzed by means of light and electron microscopy as well as by histochemistry and autoradiography. The results were compared with findings in psoriasis vulgaris. In PRP we found a moderate increase of the labeling index of epidermal cells, a highly increased labeling index of dermal infiltrating cells, and a mild spongiosis, and in the stratum granulosum, a decreased number of tonofilaments and an increased number of keratinosomes. The horny layer in PRP showed a pronounced histochemical and electron microscopical parakeratosis, even when histological parakeratosis was absent. In contrast with psoriasis vulgaris, there was no exocytosis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes into the epidermis, the papillomatosis index was normal, and there were no tortuous capillaries in the dermal papillae. The stratum granulosum was always present and sometimes thickened, showing electron microscopical changes different from those referred to in psoriasis. These changes point to a relatively distinct pattern of epidermal changes in PRP. PMID- 6660903 TI - Variations in skin photosensitization during repeated oral 8-methoxypsoralen medication. AB - Nine adult volunteer dermatological patients were subjected to five repeated oral exposures of 0.6 mg/kg of 8-methoxypsoralen at near-fasting conditions. In the individual volunteer, the plasma 2-h drug level varied by a factor of 1.3 to 7.1, mean 3.5. The simultaneously measured skin minimal UVA sensitivity varied in the individual subjects by a factor of 1.3 to 3.8, mean 2.2. When all serum level and skin photosensitivity data of the study were tabulated, a negative correlation factor of 0.5758 was obtained, which is statistically highly significant (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that both serum drug levels and degree of skin photosensitivity may fluctuate considerably in a single subject during repeated exposures to a standard oral 8-methoxsalen dose. Attempts should be made to minimize such undesirable variation by improvements of drug formulations and better consideration of the influence of dietary factors on drug absorption. PMID- 6660902 TI - Adenosine deaminase in human epidermis from healthy and psoriatic subjects. AB - Adenosine deaminase, which catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine respectively, plays an important role in the degradation of adenine nucleotide and purine nucleotide salvage pathway metabolism. We investigated human epidermal adenosine deaminase activity using a radiochemical method, which enabled us to measure the adenosine deaminase activity of protein samples as small as several micrograms. We measured adenosine deaminase activity of microdissected pure epidermis of the healthy skin and the psoriatic affected and unaffected skin. It was shown that psoriatic affected epidermis had increased adenosine deaminase activity compared with the healthy epidermis (P less than 0.05) and the unaffected epidermis (P less than 0.01). There was no difference in enzyme activity between healthy and psoriatic unaffected epidermis. The increased adenosine deaminase activity in the psoriatic affected epidermis may reflect the accelerated salvage pathway of the nucleic acid metabolism probably associated with the hyperproliferative condition of the psoriatic epidermis. PMID- 6660904 TI - Normal human skin echogram. AB - Sector B-mode echograms of the stratum corneum from the top of pemphigus foliaceus bulla, 15/1,000 inch split-thickness skin graft including the epidermis and superficial dermis, and the whole skin with subcutaneous fat were compared with histologic sections. The corneo-epidermal and epidermo-dermal interfaces were not delineated either by 5, 10 or 15 MHz transducer. The subcutaneous fat exhibited an almost echolucent zone with weak echoes from the fibrous trabeculae or large blood vessels. Regional differences of in vivo normal skin echograms were studied on the forehead, abdomen, back, upper arm, thigh, lower leg and heel. The presence or absence of the cutaneous muscles, fascia or bone was clearly demonstrated. For the standard echogram of the skin, a 10 MHz transducer was considered appropriate, though the detailed echograms were obtained mostly in the deep dermal and subcutaneous structures. PMID- 6660905 TI - HLA-antigens in patients with allergic contact sensitivity to nickel. PMID- 6660906 TI - Pemphigus-like antigens and antibodies in benign and malignant neoplasms. PMID- 6660907 TI - 5,8-dihydroxyflavone (primetin) the contact sensitizer of Primula mistassinica Michaux. AB - 5,8-Dihydroxyflavone (primetin) has been shown to be the sensitizer in Primula mistassinica Michaux and probably the source of allergic contact dermatitis in four milkers. Its sensitizing properties as determined in guinea-pigs, are strong. As far as is known this is the first experimental demonstration of the sensitizing potency of a flavone. Presumably the flavone, with its uncommon 5,8 arrangement of hydroxy groups, is oxidized in the skin to the corresponding quinone (primetinquinone). Quinone was prepared from primetin and used for experimental sensitization of guinea-pigs. It also revealed strong sensitizing properties. Cross-reactions were obtained not only with the synthetic quinone in the flavone-sensitive animals but also with primetin in primetinquinone-sensitive guinea-pigs. Preliminary sensitization tests with other flavones have demonstrated that the whole group of flavonoid components should be taken into consideration as potential sensitizers. PMID- 6660908 TI - Reserpine and the suppression of both edema formation and cellular infiltrate of the contact sensitivity reaction in the mouse. AB - Reserpine treatment in doses of 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight, given 6 h before antigen challenge significantly suppresses the contact sensitivity reaction to picryl chloride in sensitized mice. The suppression involves both the edema formation, measured as ear swelling, and the accumulation of inflammatory cells at the test site. This is probably mediated through inhibition of the release of vasoactive amines from local mast cells. PMID- 6660909 TI - Effect of a single UVB or PUVA exposure on immediate and delayed skin hypersensitivity reactions in humans. Correlation to erythemal response and Langerhans cell depletion. AB - A single UVB or PUVA exposure given 4 days prior to skin testing affected skin responses both to contact allergens and to histamine and the histamine liberator, compound 48/80. The delayed contact hypersensitivity reactions were attenuated by UVB in 75% and by PUVA in 79% of the tests. The immediate skin reactions to histamine and compound 48/80 were diminished by UVB in 81% and by PUVA in 46% of the cases. While the epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) density was distinctly affected by irradiation, the attenuation of skin hypersensitivity reactions seemed to be independent of the degree of LC depletion. A significant correlation was, however, found between the strength of the erythemal reaction induced by the irradiation and the attenuation of the skin hypersensitivity test reactions; this was true for both delayed and immediate skin reactions in the case of UVB and for immediate skin reactions in the case of PUVA. The mechanism behind the attenuating effect of UV radiation on skin hypersensitivity reactions remains unknown, but it probably does not result from a stabilization of the mast cell membrane, as histamine and compound 48/80 induced reactions were suppressed to a similar extent. PMID- 6660910 TI - Treatment of polymorphous light eruption. AB - This study was designed in order to prove on a large-scale basis the efficacy of oral photochemotherapy (PUVA) in the prevention of polymorphous light eruption (PLE), to work out indication criteria for PUVA treatment of this disease, and to establish a simple method based on anamnestic data to differentiate UVA from UVB induced PLE. The results obtained in 106 PLE patients (85 UVA-, 21 UVB-induced) demonstrate that: 1) time consuming phototesting for determination of the disease's action spectrum is unnecessary for practical purposes; 2) PUVA-induced tanning under routine conditions represents a potent prophylaxis even in severe cases of PLE; and 3) topical sunscreens ("sunblockers") in the majority of cases are sufficient to protect UVB-promoted PLE, but fail in UVA-induced disease. PUVA thus seems the treatment of choice only in UVA-mediated PLE, the action spectrum of the disease at least in most cases being easily discovered from certain anamnestic data. PMID- 6660911 TI - Collagen synthesis in generalized morphea. AB - Synthesis of collagen and non-collagenous proteins was measured in fibroblast cultures derived from different layers of the dermis from a patient with an early stage of localized scleroderma. Increased synthesis of collagen was found in fibroblasts grown from the subcutaneous fat of this patient, whereas cells obtained from the papillary dermis revealed normal metabolism. These data agree with the results obtained in previous experiments with cells derived from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis in primary culture, thus indicating that the two diseases have a common pathomechanism. Several subcultures of the activated fibroblast populations were also studied. Normal collagen synthesis in these cultures was observed after the fifth passage, probably indicating selection of cell populations or loss of the previous phenotype. PMID- 6660912 TI - Distribution of anionic surface sites on human melanocytes and human melanoma cells in culture. AB - With cationized ferritin (CF) as an ultrastructural marker for anionic cell surface sites, cultured guinea pig melanocytes display a uniquely homogeneous labelling pattern and a striking absence of redistribution of marker material. In the present study, we applied the same technique to normal human melanocytes and melanoma cells. Unfixed primary human mixed epidermal cell cultures displayed CF labelling patterns identical to those in guinea pig epidermal cells: on keratinocytes, CF was found in distinct aggregations which, upon prolonged incubation, clustered and were shed. Melanocytes, in contrast, bound CF to the cell surface as a uniform diffuse monolayer. There were no signs of cluster formation or shedding. Melanoma cell cultures were derived from 10 primary (2 lentigo maligna, 1 lentigo maligna melanoma, 4 superficial spreading melanomas, 2 nodular portions of superficial spreading melanomas, 1 nodular melanoma) and from 7 metastatic melanomas (4 cutaneous, 3 lymph node metastases). The CF labelling patterns encountered were heterogeneous. Three out of 10 primary tumors and 5 out of 7 metastases showed alterations of the normal melanocyte labelling pattern: regions of typical CF distribution were irregularly interrupted by stretches of membrane free of marker. In some areas, CF occurred in small globular aggregates. There was considerable heterogeneity of CF labelling patterns in different clones of a given culture. Altered CF binding patterns in melanoma cells appear to be associated with high metastasizing protential of the cell clones and may thus represent an unfavourable prognostic sign. PMID- 6660913 TI - Malathion binding to sections of human skin: skin capacity and isotherm determinations. AB - Human autopsy skin was sliced into three sections: an outer epidermis-rich layer, a middle dermis layer, and an inner dermis and subcutaneous fat layer. Each skin slice was bathed in malathion solutions over a 100-fold concentration range of 0.02-3.0 microM/g skin for 48 h at 37 degrees C. Malathion uptake approximated 50% for each skin layer over the total concentration range. Skin capacity for malathion is thus large. Single and double compartment dialysis was used to determine free and bound malathion. Isotherm calculations gave a partition coefficient intercept for epidermis-rich and dermis tissues with aqueous buffer of 2.72 and 2.74, respectively. That of the inner layer of skin was less at 1.70. When malathion was dialyzed against simulated plasma, the binding decreased 2 fold. Since the least partition coefficient (less bound malathion) was in the inner layer of skin, and since malathion has a preference for plasma over water, the two (inner skin and plasma) may combine to create the sink conditions necessary for malathion percutaneous absorption into the body. PMID- 6660915 TI - Preliminary skin blood flow measurements appear unsuccessful for assessing topical corticosteroid effect. PMID- 6660914 TI - Macrophage functions in patients suffering from chronic muco-cutaneous candidosis. PMID- 6660916 TI - Radioimmunoassay of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione. A metabolite of placental progesterone. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure has been developed for the measurement of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (DHP) in human plasma after ether extraction of the plasma-samples, followed by column chromatography. The antiserum was generated in rabbits with 6 alpha-carboxyethylmer-captoprogesterone-BSA conjugate. The high affinity (Ka = 3.72 X 10(9) l/mol) antiserum binds 40% of 40 picograms of tritiated 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione at working dilutions of 1 : 2800. Negligible cross-reactivity of the antiserum was detected with 5 beta-pregnane 3,20-dione (1.8%). Other hydroxylated pregnanes showed minor cross-reactivity (5 40%). The cross-reacting steroids were all separated from pregnanedione by one chromatographic step. The plasma levels of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione were measured from 22nd to 42nd week of normal pregnancy and compared to published data. PMID- 6660917 TI - Intracervical instillation of PGE2-gel in patients with missed abortion or intrauterine fetal death. AB - A single intracervical instillation of prostaglandin E2 (1.0 mg or 0.5 mg in viscous gel) was given to dilate the cervix before dilatation and evacuation in patients with missed abortion or intrauterine fetal death in late pregnancy. The 1.0-mg dose of PGE2 gave more prominent cervical dilatation in early pregnancy. In late pregnancy 1.0 mg PGE2 induced labor in the majority of patients and with shorter induction delivery time than in patients given 0.5 mg PGE2. There was no uterine hypertonus and no patients complained of gastrointestinal symptoms. We conclude that intracervical instillation of 1.0 mg of PGE2 in viscous gel is a safe and effective method both for dilating the cervix before dilatation and evacuation and as a method of inducing labor in patients with intrauterine fetal death. PMID- 6660919 TI - Uterine and systemic vascular responses to dopamine in pregnant ewes. AB - The systemic and uterine hemodynamic effects of dopamine were studied in six near term pregnant Texel sheep. Dopamine was administered by i.v. infusion in doses ranging from 2 to 16 micrograms per kilogram per minute. After administration of 2 and 4 micrograms/kg/min, Dopamine produced a statistically significant increase in uterine blood flow (p less than 0.02). The mean value of the increase was 68.3 ml/min. When doses of 8 and 16 micrograms/kg/min were given, the responses were variable. Systolic and diastolic arterial pressure remained unchanged up to dopamine dosages of 8 micrograms/kg/min. Heart rate also showed no significant increase but a trend in this direction was seen. Low-dosages of dopamine could be used in the treatment of patients with placental insufficiency. PMID- 6660918 TI - Metabolic changes in the rat liver during pregnancy. II. Tricarboxylic acid cycle. AB - During pregnancy the rat liver shows alterations in metabolism which apparently do not to occur in the non-pregnant animal. In our study, the following metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities in the liver of pregnant and non pregnant rats were measured after fasting periods of 6 and 12 h: malate, fumarate, isocitrate, alpha-keto-glutarate, glutamate, malate-dehydrogenase, fumarate-hydratase, glutamate-dehydrogenase, isocitrate-dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and after 12 h fast, the concentrations of acetyl coenzyme A and citrate. These results are discussed with regard to their possible importance for the maternal and fetal energy supply. PMID- 6660920 TI - A study of the sex ratio of first-born according to the mother's month of birth. AB - The male-to-female sex ratio at birth of the first-born babies delivered in Japan to mothers aged 25 years or less was investigated in two groups: a hospital group and a questionnaire group. The sex ratio fluctuated according to their mother's month of birth. Between 1924 and 1928, the sex ratio of the offspring of the mothers born in March-May in both groups was significantly higher than that of the other mothers. We speculate about the relationship between the sex ratio at birth and the mother's month of birth. PMID- 6660921 TI - Serum levels of placental protein 10 (PP10) in women with breast cancer and genital carcinoma and in healthy male and female subjects. AB - PP10, a recently characterized glycoprotein from human placenta, was studied using a specific double-antibody radioimmunoassay in the serum of about 100 volunteers and 200 cancer patients. Elevated levels (greater than 20 nU/ml) were found in 87% of patients with primary breast cancer, in 100% of those with primary genital tumours and in 78% of patients with recurrent disease. PP10 was also measured in tumour extracts and in some patients with benign tumours. The serum concentration decreased within a few weeks after removal of the tumour. There were no significant correlations of the PP10 level with age, tumour size, histological grading or lymph node involvement. Sequential determinations of PP10 during cytostatic therapy sometimes showed rising levels accompany the development of metastases. PP10 can be regarded as a tumour associated protein and a tumour marker in gynaecological practice. PMID- 6660922 TI - Studies of the uptake and distribution of inulin and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid after intraamniotic injection in the guinea pig. AB - Pregnant guinea pigs were given intraamniotic injection of 14C-alpha aminoisobutyric acid and 3H-inulin. Both substances were taken up by the fetus in different concentrations. High levels of alpha-amino-isobutyric acid were found in the placenta, liver, and serum. Inulin on the other hand, being a macro molecule distributed by diffusion in the extracellular space, was found in high concentrations in the small intestine and in the placenta. Thus the main pathway for transferring nutrient substances from the amniotic fluid to the fetus would seem to be the gastro-intestinal tract. Thus supplementary nutrition of the fetus by the intraamniotic injection of nutrients is a possibility. PMID- 6660923 TI - A Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor and pregnancy. Clinical, endocrine, radiologic, and electron microscopic findings. AB - An extremely rare case of a conception occurring in a 26-year-old patient with a small virilizing Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (diameter: 0.6 cm), bilateral polycystic ovaries and non-tumorous adrenal hyperandrogenism is presented. Prepregnancy findings included hirsutism, clitoromegaly, secondary amenorrhea, and elevated peripheral plasma testosterone (T; 5.7 ng/ml). Extensive basal steroid screening, dynamic function tests, conventional radiologic procedures, selective glandular vein catheterization, and laparoscopy failed to localize unequivocally the source of androgen excess, but suggested bilateral adrenal involvement. The patient conceived during the diagnostic work-up; peripheral T levels increased to 12.1 ng/ml within the first trimester. An exploratory laparotomy with left adrenalectomy, right adrenal biopsy and left ovarian wedge resection revealed an incompletely removed Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, but normal adrenal histology. The pregnancy was terminated, a left oophorectomy and right ovarian wedge resection were performed at 14 weeks' gestation. Subsequently, peripheral androgens returned to normal, regular menses resumed, and hirsutism disappeared. Three years later the patient delivered a healthy female infant. PMID- 6660925 TI - Prediction of the date of delivery during late pregnancy. AB - In 217 patients with unknown gestational age prediction by echographic demonstration of the upper tibial and the lower femoral centre has been compared with the biparietal diameter. Echographic demonstration of epiphyses in the fetal knee area have made it possible to obtain at the end of the pregnancy again more exact values. Particularly favourable results are achieved in the presence of tibial epiphysis, whereby the prediction of term shows a mean deviation of +/- 7.8 days, and a standard deviation of 10.6 days. PMID- 6660926 TI - Double-blind cross-over study with Org OD 14 and placebo in postmenopausal patients. AB - double-blind cross-over study with Org OD 14 was done in 35 post-menopausal patients aged 48-69 years who had hot flushes and other associated symptoms. Patients were randomly allocated to Org OD 14 or to placebo as first treatment. Each period of treatment lasted for 6 weeks and there were no intervals between treatments. Tablets containing 2.5 mg of Org OD 14 or placebo tablets of identical appearance were supplied. Patients took one Org OD 14 tablet or one placebo tablet per day. Data on the following variables were obtained and analyzed statistically: hot flushes, sweating, dizziness, palpitation, tiredness, headache, insomnia, irritability, breathlessness, backache, loss of libido, and mood. Assessment was daily in the case of hot flushes and weekly for the other variables. Org OD 14 was statistically significantly more effective in controlling hot flushes, sweating and headache and tended to be better than the placebo tablets for the other variables. PMID- 6660927 TI - The effect of maternal physical activity on fetal breathing movements. AB - We investigated the relationship between maternal exercise and fetal breathing movements. In the majority of cases, fetal breathing activity decreased following maternal exercise that involved climbing of stairs. The observations indicate that the validity of this test for the purpose of fetal well-being requires performance of the investigation following a prolonged period of maternal rest. PMID- 6660924 TI - The effect of prostaglandins on the lysosomal function in the cervix uteri. AB - Local or systemic prostaglandin (PG) administration leads to the known softening and dilatation of the cervix uteri. Lysosomal enzymes are involved in connective tissue degradation. The question arises whether the effect of PG on the cervix uteri is mediated by lysosomes. Five pregnant women (volunteers after informed consent) in the first trimester received 500 micrograms of PGE2-derivative (Nalador) i.m. at 12 and 8 h before termination by curettage. Five pregnant women without PG-treatment served as controls. Small biopsies were obtained from the endocervical canal and were immediately immersed in cold 2.5% glutaraldehyde and after further preparations examined under a Zeiss electron microscope 9S-2. A second portion of tissue was sliced and prepared for histochemical analysis of the acid phosphatase on lysosomes. Examination of the ultrastructure of the cervix uteri showed vesicles in the extracellular matrix. These were surrounded by a single membrane and contained either fine granular material of myelin-like whorls of membranes. These vesicles lay between collagen fibers, showed the reaction product of acid phosphatase and were often surrounded by an electron lucent halo. We conclude that these matrix vesicles were "matrix lysosomes" extruded from the cervical myo-fibrocytes into the extracellular space as a result of the PG-E2-administration. Here they are not under cellular control and can initiate the proteolytic degradation of connective tissue. This might be the crucial step in cervical dilatation which, on ultrastructural examination, can be seen as decreasing electron density of the extracellular ground substance near the matrix lysosomes. The relationship between PGE2 and collagenase production is generally accepted. If one believes that lysosomal cathepsin D and cathepsin B act synergistically with collagenase, it can be assumed that PGE2 is involved in a lysosomal degradation of the connective tissue. The morphological sign of this occurrence is the release of matrix lysosomes by PGE2 as described in the present study. Extracellular lysosomes and their physiological significance in cervical function are discussed in detail. PMID- 6660929 TI - Bimanual delivery of the fetal head at cesarean section with the fetal head in midcavity. PMID- 6660928 TI - Comparison of megestrol acetate and clomiphene citrate as supplemental medication in postmenopausal oestrogen replacement therapy. AB - In a prospective clinical trial lasting one year, 35 postmenopausal women with severe climacteric symptoms were cyclically treated with conjugated oestrogens (1.25 mg daily). This oestrogen replacement therapy was randomly supplemented with 10 mg of megestrol acetate daily (18 women) or 50 mg of clomiphene citrate (17 women) for 10 days four times a year. Both treatment regimens significantly alleviated climacteric symptoms. At the end of the oestrogen-megestrol acetate treatment no endometrial proliferation or hyperplasia was seen, while at the end of the oestrogen-clomiphene citrate treatment the endometrium was proliferative or hyperplastic in two women and atrophic in the other 15. Regular uterine bleeding occurred in each woman after megestrol acetate but never after clomiphene citrate administration. Break-through bleeding during the oestrogen treatment periods appeared in the megestrol and clomiphene groups in five and eight women, respectively. There were no clinically adverse hormonal or metabolic changes during megestrol acetate or clomiphene citrate treatment periods. Our results provide further evidence that in addition to progestins postmenopausal oestrogen replacement therapy can safely be supplemented with antioestrogen and thereby avoid the bleeding which occurs regularly after progestin withdrawal. PMID- 6660930 TI - Intracervical application of PGE2-gel combined with early intravenous infusion of oxytocin for induction of term labor in women with unripe cervix. AB - Fifty-four women with an unripe cervix at term were given 0.5 mg intracervical prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel. In 37 of them (70%) the cervix ripened within 5 h and seven of them were in labor at that time. Of the remaining 30 patients, 15 were randomly given an i.v. oxytocin infusion and 13 were delivered within 12 h. In 17 women (30%) the cervix was still unfavorable 5 h after PGE2-gel application but seven of them had a favorable cervix when reassessed 24 h after PGE2-gel instillation. All these patients went into labor with an i.v. infusion of oxytocin. The remaining 10 patients required another dose of PGE2-gel and subsequent i.v. oxytocin. Only in two of these patients did induction fail so that delivery by Caesarean sections was required. All infants were born in good condition. PMID- 6660931 TI - Bilateral tubal pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. AB - A case of bilateral tubal pregnancy resulting from in vitro fertilization and the transfer of two embryos is reported. Because the husband had retrograde ejaculation after surgical treatment of a malignant testicular tumour, cryopreserved semen was used. PMID- 6660932 TI - [Effect of the interaction of atropine, amphetamine and reserpine on the body temperature of the conscious rat]. PMID- 6660934 TI - Excretory biliary capacity of histamine and its metabolites. PMID- 6660933 TI - [Effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on the body temperature of the conscious rat]. PMID- 6660935 TI - [Comparative study of the central effects of M-14012-A and SKF-525-A in rodents]. PMID- 6660936 TI - [Effects of haloperidol pretreatment on the release of enkephalins by electrical stimulation in the isolated guinea pig ileum]. PMID- 6660937 TI - [Microscopic innervation of the seminal vesicle with special reference to the parasympathetic component]. PMID- 6660938 TI - [Stamey technic in the treatment of stress incontinence in women. Evaluation of 40 cases]. PMID- 6660939 TI - [External subcutaneous urethrotomy. Technical modifications]. PMID- 6660941 TI - [Coralliform lithiasis in early infancy]. PMID- 6660940 TI - [Treatment of infectious renal lithiasis with acetohydroxamic acid]. PMID- 6660942 TI - [Non-functioning adrenocortical carcinoma: apropos of a case]. PMID- 6660943 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Different histopathological forms of lymph node involvement]. PMID- 6660944 TI - [Peritoneal splenosis manifested by infectious mononucleosis in an adolescent. Contribution of scintigraphy]. PMID- 6660946 TI - [Automatic analysis of cervicovaginal smears. III. Homogeneity and heterogeneity of cell populations in a semi-automatic and automatic program]. PMID- 6660945 TI - [A new case of fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver with ultrastructure]. PMID- 6660947 TI - [Nevocytic nevus with infiltration of polynuclear eosinophils]. PMID- 6660948 TI - [Submucosal ectopic colorectal glands]. PMID- 6660949 TI - [Late recurrence of Horton's disease with sicca syndrome]. PMID- 6660950 TI - [Treatment of major drepanocytosis]. PMID- 6660951 TI - Onchocerciasis in Benue State of Nigeria. A laboratory study of the development of Onchocerca volvulus in wild Simulium damnosum experimentally fed on an infected volunteer. PMID- 6660952 TI - [Prevalence of abnormal hemoglobins in Haiti. Survey among a rural population of Plaine du Cul-de-Sac]. PMID- 6660953 TI - Enzyme polymorphism and the distribution of Trypanosoma congolense isolates. AB - Conditions were established for demonstrating, by electrophoresis, polymorphism in 12 soluble enzymes from Trypanosoma congolense. Three enzymes had identical mobilities in every stock, variation occurring among the remaining nine. Enzyme profiles were determined in 78 stocks collected from various hosts in a number of African countries, and were used by the computer to establish relationships within the collection. The major groupings formed solely from the isoenzymes corresponded remarkably closely to the origins of the stocks. Two distinct enzymic divisions formed, related only at the 20% level; Division A consisted entirely of stocks isolated in the humid coastal areas of West Africa, while Division B consisted mostly of stocks from drier zones throughout Africa. Some large groupings within these two main divisions also correlated with particular areas of origin within the major ecologic zones. The dry zone Division B included one group almost exclusively from East Africa, and two quite distinct enzymic groups from The Gambia; isolates from Liberia and Ivory Coast tended to fall into separate groups within the humid zone Division A. It is suggested that the differences between the major divisions may be associated with infraspecific adaptation to the different vector species occupying the separate habitats. PMID- 6660954 TI - The effect of congenital and adult-acquired Toxoplasma infections on activity and responsiveness to novel stimulation in mice. AB - Activity and responsiveness to novel stimulation were assessed in three groups of mice infected with Toxoplasma. One group was infected when adult; two groups were infected congenitally, one born to dams infected during gestation, the other to dams chronically infected prior to mating. Each mouse was tested in a box, the floor of which was marked off into 16 equal squares, and its activity was measured over ten minutes by counting the number of times the mouse entered each square. Infected mice were more active. In addition, infected mice showed a smaller relative preference for the more novel central area of the box, especially towards the end of the observation period. These differences were independent of emotionality (as measured by defaecation counts), general health (as measured by subjective health ratings and body weight) and the number of Toxoplasma tissue cysts in specified brain regions. We suggest that differences arise from pathological changes caused by proliferating toxoplasms in the brains of the infected mice; an immunopathological reaction due to the presence of tissue cysts in the brain may also be involved. Other possible factors contributing to observed deficits in behaviour are also discussed. We suggest that such deficits may render Toxoplasma-infected mice more susceptible to predation by the domestic cat, the definitive host of Toxoplasma. PMID- 6660956 TI - Onchocerciasis in the Benue State of Nigeria. II. Prevalence of the disease among the Tivs living in the Kwande Local Government area. AB - Between December 1979 and July 1980, a survey of the prevalence of onchocerciasis was carried out among the Tivs in the Kwande Local Government area of Benue State. Skin snips were taken from 372 people who were also inspected for the presence of skin nodules. Skin snips of 61, 72, and 71% of the people examined at Kuhe, Manor and Gube, respectively, showed Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae. The proportion of infected people increased with age, reaching a peak in the age group 31-40 years. Of the infected people 11.2% were blind; a higher proportion of infected males were blind compared with infected females. A greater proportion of infected males than females also had onchocercal nodules. PMID- 6660955 TI - Cystolytic events and the possible role of germinal cells in metastasis in chronic alveolar hydatidosis. AB - Two and six week old alveolar cysts of Echinococcus multilocularis were isolated from C57BL/6J and Balb/cJ mice and used to study the cystolytic events mediated by resident inflammatory cells. Ultramicroscopic degenerative changes in these cysts were compared with the ultrastructure of in vitro grown cysts (free of inflammatory cells). Macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils were found to bind to the laminated layer of plasma membrane of the germinal layer of cysts. Hydrolytic enzymes and eosinophil granules released extracellularly from inflammatory cells at the cyst surface appear to dissolve the laminated layer and produce gaps in the plasma membrane. Macrophages actively phagocytose the granular ground substance of the disintegrated laminated layer. Cystolysis results in the release of germinal cells which measure 6-17 microns, possess nuclei with prominent nucleoli, sparse endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes and oval mitochondria. Based on histologic evidence we believe that germinal cells may be the progenitors of cysts. The possibility that germinal cells may give rise to distant metastatic foci of alveolar cysts, in immunocompromised hosts, is discussed. PMID- 6660957 TI - Effect of zinc supplementation on S. mansoni-infected hamsters. AB - Golden hamsters were used to determine whether intraperitoneal Zn supplementation can improve the outcome of infection with Schistosoma mansoni. The animals were divided into two groups; one received an initial intraperitoneal dose of Zn chloride (0.75 mg 100 g body wt.-1) followed by booster doses (0.25 mg 100 g body wt.-1) twice weekly for four weeks, the other group received no Zn supplement. After one week, when the initial and one booster doses were given, half of the animals in each group were exposed to S. mansoni cercariae for two hours using body immersion technique. After five weeks (one week after the final Zn supplement) the animals were killed, their worm burdens determined and their livers, kidneys, spleens, hearts and sera examined. There was a significant reduction in total worm counts in the Zn supplemented group (P less than 0.05). Also, Zn supplementation of infected animals protected them against the hepatomegaly which is very often associated with schistosomiasis. Spleen weight and Zn uptake were highest in the infected Zn supplemented group, indicating that this organ requires larger amounts of Zn to perform its various Zn-dependent immunological functions. The data suggest that Zn may enhance the ability of the body organs to resist some of the harmful effects of schistosomal infection. PMID- 6660958 TI - Identification of a laboratory mating form of the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex in West Africa. AB - Larvae and pupae of Simulium damnosum s.l. were collected from the Begba rapids on the Mono river. Emerging adults were induced to mate, blood feed and oviposit. Six out of 13 discrete egg batches counted were fertile. The F1 females did not blood feed and thus no F2 eggs were obtained. Larvae from the breeding site and the F1 generation were identified as being the Beffa form of the S. sanctipauli/S. soubrense group. This form appears to be the only member of the S. damnosum complex in West Africa which mates in the laboratory and is almost certainly the same form as that colonized by Simmons and Edman (1982). The mating behaviour of West African S. damnosum s.l. described by several authors is similar to that observed in the Beffa form, and the possibility that earlier reports referred to the Beffa form is discussed. PMID- 6660959 TI - Immediate-type skin reactivity to extracts of the 'green nimitti' midge, (Cladotanytarsus lewisi), and other chironomids in asthmatic subjects in the Sudan and Egypt. AB - Skin 'prick' tests with an extract of the 'green nimitti' midge, Cladotanytarsus lewisi (Freeman), a potent airborne allergen associated with asthma and rhinitis in the Khartoum area, were undertaken on asthmatic subjects in several localities in the Sudan and Egypt in order to provide further information on the extent of this allergic problem. In the Sudan skin-test-positive individuals were identified in the Khartoum area, Kosti, Sennar, Wad Medani, Shendi and Atbara, and in Egypt at Aswan, Luxor and Qena. A number of asthmatic individuals giving a positive reaction to C. lewisi were also tested with extracts of seven sub dominant species of Nilotic Chironomidae. There appeared to be a limited degree of cross-reactivity with these species, particularly Dicrotendipes fusconotatus (Kieffer), Procladius noctivagus (Kieffer) and Conchapelopia cygnus (Kieffer). The numbers of C. lewisi sensitive subjects giving positive skin-tests to these other species were ten out of 20, 12 out of 28 and 12 out of 29 respectively. In contrast, only five out of 31 reacted to Paracladopelma graminicolor (Kieffer), five out of 24 to Cladotanytarsus pseudomancus (Goetghebuer), three out of 32 to Nanocladius vitellinus (Kieffer) and two out of 28 to Cryptochironomus neonilicola (Freeman). These results indicate that Cladotanytarsus lewisi is a major source of chironomid allergen(s) in these asthmatic subjects and that hypersensitivity to C. lewisi is probably far more widespread than originally envisaged. PMID- 6660960 TI - Lintonium vibex (Linton, 1900) (Trematoda, Fellodistomidae) parasitizing Stephanolepis hispidus (Pisces, Balistidae). PMID- 6660961 TI - Quantitative complement fixation test in sera from patients with schistosomiasis and intestinal parasitosis. PMID- 6660962 TI - The effect of Toxocara canis infection on the behaviour of mice. PMID- 6660963 TI - Ectoparasitic mites on phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Spain. PMID- 6660964 TI - Infection, immunity and the development of local skin reactions in rabbits infected with cyclically-transmitted stocks of Trypanosoma congolense. AB - The development of local skin reactions following bites by tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans) infected with Trypanosoma congolense was observed in normal rabbits, in rabbits with concurrent infections with T. congolense and in rabbits challenged after immunization by infection and treatment. Local reactions developed in normal rabbits within seven days of fly bite and were resolved by approximately 19 days after infection. In rabbits with concurrent infections no typical local reactions developed when they were bitten by infected tsetse flies. By allowing a single infected fly to bite a rabbit sequentially it was established that suppression of reaction development to homologous secondary challenge occurred within three to eight days of primary infection. Suppression of reaction development also occurred in infected rabbits challenged with an antigenically heterologous trypanosome stock within 14 to 18 days of primary infection, suggesting that reaction suppression is not associated with the specific immune response. It was also found that no neutralizing antibodies had developed against the parasites used for secondary infection by 28 days post challenge. Rabbits were immunized by allowing an infected tsetse fly to feed on a rabbit and seven days later, when local reactions had appeared, treating it with homidium chloride. All rabbits challenged within 75 days of immunization by a tsetse fly infected with a homologous trypanosome stock resisted re-infection and some animals were immune up to 300 days after treatment. In most of the immunized animals specific neutralizing antibody activity against homologous parasites was low, suggesting that local expression of immunity in the skin might be more important in resistance to cyclically transmitted infections than serum antibodies. No local reactions developed on immune rabbits challenged with a homologous trypanosome stock but immunized rabbits challenged with heterologous trypanosome stocks developed typical local reactions. PMID- 6660966 TI - Day-to-day variation and circadian rhythm of egg excretion in urinary schistosomiasis in the Sudan. AB - The daily variation of urinary excretion of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni ova was assessed in a group of 24 Sudanese schoolboys using the filtration Trypan blue staining technique. An intra-class correlation coefficient of r = 0.88 indicated a surprisingly low daily variation of excretion of S. haematobium ova. All patients with a median egg output of at least 100 ova per 10 ml also voided S. mansoni ova in the urine. The daily variation of S. mansoni ova was slightly greater than for S. haematobium. For an excretion rate of at least five ova per 10 ml, the lower range of mean (P = 0.95) is one, if urine filtration is done on a single day. A circadian rhythm of S. haematobium egg excretion, with a peak around noon, was confirmed. Physical exercise combined with fluid intake prior to micturition significantly increased the egg output at all time points examined. PMID- 6660965 TI - Studies on the parasitic helminths of slaughtered animals in Iraq. I. Parasitic helminths of the liver of herbivores. AB - The livers and lungs of 580 sheep, 160 goats, 418 cattle, 50 camels and 48 buffaloes slaughtered in Baghdad in April-July, 1981 were examined for helminth parasites; 14.3% of the sheep, 0.6% of the goats, 18.2% of the cattle, 72.0% of the camels and 8.3% of the buffaloes were infected with trematodes and cestodes. Dicrocoelium dendriticum is reported from the livers of sheep in Iraq for the first time. PMID- 6660967 TI - Alveolar hydatid disease of the liver: first case report from man in Iraq. AB - Hydatid disease is endemic in Iraq, mainly in the north. At least 500 cases of infestation by Echinococcus granulosus are recognized each year. The first documented human case of E. multilocularis in the liver is reported from Iraq. The patient was a 40-year-old female farmer from the north who had never travelled outside her native town of Zakho. PMID- 6660968 TI - A case of idiopathic scrotal gangrene (Fournier) with perineal extension. AB - A case of idiopathic or Fournier's gangrene of the scrotum is described with unusual extension to the perineum. The clinical features of this disease are summarized. The literature is reviewed for extra genital extension of this gangrene of unknown aetiology. Coincidental association between infections with Onchocerca volvulus and scrotal gangrene was observed. PMID- 6660969 TI - Oviposition by African malaria vector mosquitoes. I. Temporal activity patterns of caged, wild-caught, freshwater Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu lato. AB - Blood-fed females of the Anopheles gambiae species complex, most of which would have been A. gambiae Giles sensu stricto, were collected from a freshwater locality in coastal Kenya and used for laboratory studies of their temporal patterns of oviposition. Contrary to previous reports these patterns were not found to be constrained to the early hours of the night but varied widely, evidently dependent on the time of blood-feeding and on subsequent temperatures but not on endogenous activity rhythms of any circadian nature other than daytime inhibition. After two days at mean temperatures ranging from 26 X 25 to 28.1 degrees C the combined results of ten nights showed a build-up from dusk to a peak in the hour following midnight, falling more steeply towards dawn. In combination with patterns derived from mosquitoes re-fed at 20-21.00 hours and 05 06.00 hours this indicated oviposition with a mean 44-47 hours after blood feeding. Considered in the context of available relevant field evidence, temporal patterns of oviposition by A. gambiae in the field in the warmer lowlands of Africa would be expected to show an initial, more abrupt peak in the early night (contributed mainly by females which had failed to oviposit on the night when first due), followed by a more diffuse peak. Patterns would be dependent on local conditions of blood-feeding, temperature and distance from daytime resting sites. PMID- 6660970 TI - Variation and distribution of forms of Simulium soubrense and S. sanctipauli in West Africa. AB - Examination of specimens from savanna areas of Togo and Benin attributable to Simulium soubrense and S. sanctipauli according to the criteria of Vajime and Dunbar (1975) revealed hitherto undescribed features. Cytological examination showed many larvae with the arrangement IIL- 4.6/4.6.7, heterozygous for the 'diagnostic' inversion and 86% of the males possessed a previously undescribed inversion IIS-6b. The occurrence of such larvae in Togo and Benin was associated in adult males with records of a type of scutal pattern which is described and termed Type IV. This pattern is one extreme of a range of scutal pattern variation in the males of the S. soubrense/S. sanctipauli sub-group, which was separated into four arbitrary classes and specimens were scored as Type I, II, III or IV. The distribution of these different types of male scutal pattern, based on collections made in West Africa between 1963 and 1981, is presented. Type I and II patterns predominated in forest areas and Type IV in savanna. Many female flies which occurred together with the latter possessed pale wing tufts. In the light of the above and additional evidence, derived from the progeny of individual females, and because the 'diagnostic' inversion for S. soubrense and S. sanctipauli together with a previously undescribed sequence IIL-6 occurred in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, it was concluded that the populations in Togo and Benin are a single interbreeding group. This group is described as a new form, named the Beffa form, of the S. soubrense/S. sanctipauli subgroup of the S. damnosum s.l. complex and its possible taxonomic status is discussed. PMID- 6660971 TI - Prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in a wild rodent population from central Scotland. PMID- 6660972 TI - Recent progress in Human In Vitro Fertilization International Congress, June 22 24, 1983, Vienna, Austria. PMID- 6660973 TI - Induction of morphologically abnormal sperm in rats exposed to O-Xylene. AB - An analysis of sperm abnormalities can be used as a rapid method to determine the mutagenic potential of chemical agents as well as the toxic potential of chemicals on the whole animal. O-Xylene was investigated for its potential mutagenicity by the sperm abnormality assay. Sprague Dawley rats 10-16 weeks old were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 0.5 and 1.5 ml/kg body weight of o xylene in corn oil. Five weeks after treatment, animals were sacrificed and sperm examined for morphological abnormalities. Several morphologically abnormal sperm types were observed; among these were those with amorphous heads, and banana-like heads. Animals housed at room temperatures of 20-24 degrees C showed no significant increase in abnormal sperm over the control. Rats housed at temperatures between 24 and 30 degrees C after ip injection with 0.5 ml/kg o xylene showed a significant increase in abnormal sperm. PMID- 6660975 TI - H-Y antigen negativity associated with a normal male phenotype. AB - The 46, XY, 45, X mosaicism is a complement found only once among 39,557 males at birth [18]. The spectrum of phenotypes associated with this mosaicism is continuous ranging from female phenotype with or without Turner syndrome, to mixed gonadal dysgenesis, hermaphroditism, or occasionally almost normal males [24]. In such mosaicism the Y chromosome is usually rearranged: mainly i(Y) and dic(Y) but also del(Y) and r(Y). In a few cases the cell line with 46 chromosomes contains a minute marker which was assumed to be a Y-fragment (Y-f) or a del(Yq) because of the presence of testicular tissue in subjects with sexual ambiguity [20]. We now report the case of a normal but sterile man with a 45, X/46, X, Y-f caryotype who is HY antigen-negative. PMID- 6660974 TI - Re-evaluation of the role of spermatozoa as inducers of protein synthesis by the rabbit endometrium. AB - The effect of spermatozoa as inducers of protein synthesis by the rabbit endometrium was studied. The presence of spermatozoa increased the leucine incorporation into proteins from 15.6 +/- 1.8 to 44.8 +/- 4.3 dpm X 10(-3)/mg DNA after 2 hr of incubation. There was no difference in the amount of incorporated leucine induced by live or by dead spermatozoa. Latex particles also induced an increase on protein synthesis (24 +/- 3.1 dpm X 10(-3)/mg DNA). These results seem to indicate that this increase in protein synthesis was nonspecific. The number of contaminant cells was always significantly greater in the recovered incubation medium after incubation with highly metabolically active sperm than with dead cells (230 +/- 85 and 86 +/- 33 X 10(-3) cells respectively). This leukocytic effect was smaller than that found in In vivo systems and may play a significant role on the proposed activity of sperm cells on the endometrium. PMID- 6660976 TI - Post-vasectomy impairment of transepithelial water reabsorption in the initial segment of the epididymis. AB - Using a modified split-droplet micropuncture technique there was an impairment of water reabsorption in the initial segment of the epididymis 2 weeks post vasectomy. This was supported by light-microscopy. The cause and a possible reversal of this impairment are not apparent. However, in men, low sperm counts post vasectomy reversal and eventually otherwise could be attributed not only to suppression of spermatogenesis in the testis but also to impairment of sperm concentration in the epididymis. PMID- 6660977 TI - [Health care in the People's Republic of China. Various observations during an individual study trip from 29 August to 18 September 1982]. PMID- 6660978 TI - [Anthropometric analysis of the 1980-1981 Belgian school population. I. Description of the survey project. II. Initial results]. PMID- 6660979 TI - [Compressive muscular bands on the coronary arteries and myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 6660980 TI - [Topographic diagnosis of atrio-ventricular conduction defects]. AB - Atrioventricular (A-V) conduction was evaluated in 51 patients who underwent electro-physiological study. Eighteen patients had nodal conduction delay (A-H greater than 150 ms), six of them were congenital, in two others it was associated to a His-Purkinje (H-V) delay. None of them had bundle branch block in the surface ECG. The conduction delay was located within the his bundle in 15 patients (29.4%). In three of them, a split His bundle electrogram was recorded; in the other 12 (80%), His bundle stimulation normalized QRS morphology; in all of these patients H-V interval was longer than 70 ms. His bundle delay was associated to infra H lesion in five patients. In one without ECG changes, atrial and His bundle stimulation demonstrated a left troncular delay with a distal block in the right bundle branch. Thirteen patients had infra His block represented by a long H-V interval (greater than 60 ms). We conclude that His bundle electrograms and stimulation is a low risk procedure very useful in the topographic diagnosis of A-V conduction disturbances. PMID- 6660981 TI - [Usefulness of electrophysiologic studies. Report of 224 cases]. AB - Two hundred and twenty four electrophysiologic studies were performed in 194 patients during a two-year period. One hundred and six (54.6%) had tachyarrhythmias: 21 had atrial tachycardia, 28 had the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Of 51 patients with a normal electrocardiogram a concealed left Kent bundle was observed in 21 cases and only one concealed right Kent bundle; functional James fibers were seen in 7 patients and Mahaim fibers in two. In 15 patients A-V nodal reentry was diagnosed and functional ectopy was observed in 5 patients. The sick-sinus-syndrome was seen in 24 patients and atrial arrest in three. Thirty patients underwent a second electrophysiologic study to evaluate proper antiarrhythmic therapy. Atrioventricular conduction was evaluated in 52 patients. A "suprahisian" delay was found in 34%, troncular lesions were diagnosed in 31%, a distal delay in 25% and mixed conduction disturbances in 10%. We conclude that electrophysiologic studies are a useful procedure to: 1) establish the etiologic diagnosis of tachyarrhythmias; 2) evaluate their potential danger; 3) objectively evaluate antiarrythmic therapy; 4) establish the need for surgical treatment; 5) give the topographic diagnosis and severity of A V conduction disturbances and 6) indicate the need for definitive pacemaker implant. PMID- 6660982 TI - [Isolated double-chamber right ventricle. Report of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of double-chambered right ventricle without ventricular septal defect are presented. Both were diagnosed with the hemodynamic study and underwent successful surgical repair. We discuss the probable embryologic development and the diagnostic procedures of this malformation. PMID- 6660983 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the tricuspid valve in rheumatic mitral valvulopathy]. AB - The recognition of tricuspid valve involvement in presence of rheumatic mitral valve disease is important when surgery is contemplated. At the National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, we studied 57 patients with preoperative echocardiogram and catheterisation on whom the tricuspid valve (TV) was explored during surgical repair of mitral valve disease. TV was normal in 17 patients (group I), 28 had functional tricuspid insufficiency (group II) and 12 had rheumatic involvement (group III). Surgical treatment over TV was required in 22 (20 annuloplasty, 1 comissurotomy and 1 homograft valve replacement). We found pure mitral stenosis in 15, mitral stenosis and regurgitation in 36 and 6 with pure mitral insufficiency; the surgical repair over the mitral valve consisted in: 4 comissurotomies and 53 prosthetic valve replacement. At catheterisation, no significant pressure differences were found among the groups (right atrium, end diastolic of right ventricle, systolic pulmonary artery and capillary wedge). Echocardiogram showed E-F slope velocity diminished in group III (P less than 0.01), a diastolic anterior motion of septal leaflet of TV was found in 22 patients. No significant differences in the right ventricle measurements were found. In 7 patients a systolic anterior motion of interventricular septum was observed, all had mitral stenosis, 6 from group II and 1 from group III. We conclude that: echocardiogram study is a useful tool for the evaluation of TV involvement in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease. PMID- 6660984 TI - [Pheochromocytoma and catecholamines. Experience in 63 cases studied for 25 years]. AB - The usefulness of fluorimetric techniques in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was investigated. In the 63 cases studied during 25 years by measuring simultaneously various aminergic parameters, including plasma catecholamines and urinary adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (N) and vanilmandelic acid (VMA), we were able to establish the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in all cases. Adrenaline excretion was found to be higher in patients with tumors located on the adrenal region, whereas N excretion was predominantly increased in patients with extra adrenal tumors. In patients having tumors smaller than 50 g, A + N excretion was higher and VMA was lower than in those whose tumors were heavier; therefore in cases with small tumors the ratio VMA/A + N was lower than in those with larger tumors. It is concluded that simultaneous measurements of PC, A, N and VMA allow the diagnosis to be made in the most patients with this tumor. On the other hand, the predominant increase in A excretion is suggestive of adrenal pheochromocytoma. PMID- 6660985 TI - [Structure and organization of digital systems for processing information in nuclear cardiology]. AB - This article describes the internal structure and organization of digital systems in use for processing the data information obtained through the in vivo applications of radioactive tracers in cardiology. PMID- 6660986 TI - An experimental study of myocardial protection with special reference to cold blood potassium cardioplegia: I. Morphological and biochemical studies. PMID- 6660987 TI - An experimental study of myocardial protection with special reference to cold blood potassium cardioplegia: II. The mechanism of ischemic damage. PMID- 6660988 TI - Experimental and clinical studies on Barrett's esophagus. PMID- 6660989 TI - Acetoacetate/beta-hydroxybutyrate ratio in arterial blood and liver during and after liver ischemia--a clue to detect the viability of ischemic liver. PMID- 6660990 TI - [Anti-tumor effects of microwave coagulation on tumor tissue]. PMID- 6660991 TI - [A new adjunct for resection of aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta- combined use of an aortic bypass tube and intra-aortic balloon pumping]. PMID- 6660992 TI - Clinical significance of endoscopic retrograde choelangiography (ERC) on operated cases. PMID- 6660993 TI - A case of congenital coronary-pulmonary fistula involving both the conus artery and the left coronary artery. PMID- 6660994 TI - Induction and subcellular localization of enzymes participating in propionate metabolism in Candida tropicalis. AB - Candida tropicalis, a representative alkane- and higher fatty acid-utilizing yeast, can grow on propionate used as sole carbon and energy source. Initial pH of the medium markedly affected the growth of the yeast on propionate. In propionate-grown cells, several enzymes associated with peroxisomes and/or participating in propionate metabolism were induced in connection with the appearance of the characteristic peroxisomes. Acetate-grown cells of this yeast had only few peroxisomes, while alkane-grown cells contained conspicuous numbers of the organelles. As compared with alkane-grown cells, some specific features were observed in peroxisomes and enzymes associated with the organelles of propionate-grown cells: The shape of peroxisomes was large but the number was small; unlike localization of catalase in peroxisomes of alkane-grown cells, the enzyme of propionate-grown cells was mainly localized in cytoplasm; as for carnitine acetyltransferase localized almost equally in peroxisomes and mitochondria in alkane-grown cells, propionate-grown cells contained mainly the mitochondrial type enzyme. A propionate-activating enzyme, which was different from acetyl-CoA synthetase, was also induced in cytoplasm of propionate-grown cells. The role of carnitine acetyltransferase and the propionate-activating enzyme in propionate metabolism is discussed in comparison with the role of carnitine acetyltransferase and acetyl-CoA synthetase in acetate metabolism. PMID- 6660995 TI - [Clinico-neurophysiologic correlation in the Guillain-Barre syndrome. A propos of a serial study of 20 patients]. PMID- 6660996 TI - [Multiple cerebral hemorrhagic infarcts in polycythemic patients]. PMID- 6660998 TI - [Effect of lesions of the cerebral amygdaloid complex on basal and dexamethasone induced corticosterone secretion]. PMID- 6660997 TI - [Pituitary apoplexy. Case contribution and review of the literature]. PMID- 6660999 TI - An experimental study of the influence of sensory nerve fibers on Merkel cell differentiation in the labial mucosa of the rabbits. AB - The influence of the sensory nerve fibers on the differentiation of the Merkel cell was examined in the denervated labial mucosa of adult rabbits. Part of the lower labial mucosa was excised following mental nerve resection. Twenty-one and 50 days later, the regenerated mucosa was examined by electron microscopy with special reference to the distribution and maturation of Merkel cells, and compared with the normal and the denervated intact mucosa. A number of immature Merkel cells appeared in the denervated and regenerated epithelium by 21st day after the operation. The distribution density of the Merkel cells in a unit area of the mucosa did not change much but the percentage of the mature Merkel cells increased significantly until 50 days after the operation. The mature Merkel cells in the denervated and regenerated mucosa showed a normal ultrastructure, though their orientation and location were not uniform, shifting more superficially than the cells in the normal mucosa. In the controlateral intact epithelium of the denervated labial mucosa, no substantial decrease in the population density of Merkel cells was recognized, though the desquamation of Merkel cells was observed. It was conspicuous that the percentage of immature Merkel cells to the total number of the Merkel cells was significantly increased after the denervation in the intact labial mucosa. This study suggests that Merkel cells differentiate independently of sensory nerve fibers, but the latter are requisite to maintain the former in a uniform, basal disposition in the epithelium. PMID- 6661000 TI - Phagocytic activity of HeLa cells after thymidine treatment. AB - HeLa cells demonstrated a marked phagocytic activity towards degenerating cells in their own population after single thymidine blocking. The thymidine treatment caused the high frequency of cell death at the time of thymidine release, but these dead cells were cleared by phagocytosis or autolysis in 7 hr after release. Then a prominent increase in the phagocytic activity of non-mitotic cells towards degenerating cells occurred in the mitosis-rich stage 10 hr after the release, but this was not associated with a high frequency of cell death. The non-mitotic cells in this stage had many microplicae and microvilli on their surface, while those in the other stages were relatively smooth in surface morphology. HeLa cells, epithelial in origin, are considered as non-professional phagocytes which retain a primitive phagocytic activity and manifest this function when necessary. PMID- 6661001 TI - Fine structural aspects on the renewal and development of surface mucous cells and glandular cells of the gastric body of the adult golden hamster. AB - By light and electron microscopic autoradiography using 3H-thymidine, the renewal and development of surface mucous cells and glandular cells in the gastric body were studied in normal young adult golden hamsters. The isthmus and neck regions of the gastric gland are composed of immature surface mucous cells, immature parietal cells, young parietal cells and mucous neck cells. It is presumed that the stem cell having the potency of differentiating into various kinds of cells is not present in the gastric mucosa of the adult golden hamster. Immature surface mucous cells, located in the isthmus region and capable of synthesizing DNA, contain abundant free ribosomes and a small number of secretory granules. The secretory granules increase in number as the cells ascend towards the gastric surface, forming a thick granule zone in the cell apex. The cells further contain small electron lucent vesicles which are likely involved in the formation of glycocalyx. The immature parietal cells in a low differentiated state, possessing the DNA synthesizing ability, are rarely found in the isthmus. They show collapsed intracellular canaliculi with long microvilli and contain numerous free ribosomes but smooth tubular elements are difficult to recognize. Some of the mucous neck cells located in the isthmus to neck region and capable of synthesizing DNA, are characterized by abundant free ribosomes, a few elements of rough endoplasmic reticulum relatively well developed Golgi apparatus and a few dense secretory granules. Mature surface mucous cells contain abundant secretory granules filling an apical granule zone. They are fated to be degenerated, and extruded into the gastric lumen. This is considered to be a holocrine process. The middle and basal regions of the gland consist mainly of chief cells, parietal cells and endocrine cells. A few of the chief cells in the middle part of the gastric gland also have the activity of synthesizing DNA. Some of the immature cells in the isthmus region, and mature glandular cells in the bottom of the gland are degenerated and phagocytosed by neighboring epithelial cells. This paper also records the occurrence of smooth muscle fibers in the lamina propria, extending from the muscularis mucosae to the basal part of the degenerated surface epithelium. PMID- 6661002 TI - Occurrence of crystalloids in the sinusoidal endothelial cell of a crab-eating monkey liver. AB - An electron microscope examination of the liver of the crab-eating monkey revealed small crystalloids occurring occasionally in the thicker portion of the cytoplasmic extension of the sinusoidal endothelium. They were uniformly encased in a membrane sac which was mostly smooth-surfaced but was at several points continuous to ribosome-studded cisternae of the RER. The crystalloids were mostly polygonal in configuration and were classified into three types. Type I crystalloids, according to the grade of the complexity of their composition, represented the simplest, or original, form and were composed purely of a compact bundle of tubules measuring about 300 A in diameter. Types II and III crystalloids were composed of tubules and an electron lucent matrix. In type II crystalloids, the tubules were embedded parallel to one another in two sets of matrix layers which crossed each other at a right angle, while in type III, the matrix layers embedding the tubules cut each other at about 70 degrees. The crystalloids are presumed to have developed from a substance synthesized in the cisternae of the RER in the sinusoidal endothelial cell and their investigation may aid in elucidating the proteinic products of this RER-rich cell which have thus far remained-under dispute. PMID- 6661003 TI - The preosteoclast and its cytodifferentiation into the osteoclast: ultrastructural and histochemical studies of rat fetal parietal bone. AB - In order to elucidate the cytological features of preosteoclasts and the process of their differentiation into osteoclasts, fetal rat parietal bone was examined using light microscopy, organ culture, electron microscopy and histochemical methods. Parietal bones of rat fetuses from 15 to 21 days of gestational age were examined light microscopically. A solid bone plate was found in 19 day old fetuses, but not multinucleated giant cells were observed in either the ecto- or endocranial periosteal surfaces. They were first observed at the endocranial periosteal surface in 20 day old fetuses, and increased in number in 21 day old fetuses. Parietal bones of fetuses from 15 to 19 days of age were cultured and the possible occurrence of preosteoclasts prior to the appearance of osteoclasts was examined. During organ culture, eosinophilic multinucleated cells appeared in the parietal bones from 17, 18 and 19 day old fetuses, and increased in those from 19 day old fetuses. Electron microscope observation of the parietal bones in 19 day old fetuses revealed moderate numbers of mononuclear cells identified as preosteoclasts (Scott, 1967) principally among the osteoblasts and preosteoblasts at the endocranial periosteal surface. Preosteoclasts with ill-developed cell organelles tended to be located between blood vessels and active osteoblasts, and sometimes located close to the bone surface with only the thin cytoplasmic processes of adjacent osteoblasts intervening. On the other hand, well-developed preosteoclasts tended to be located close to flattened osteoblasts and came into direct contact with the exposed mineralized bone between them. Preosteoclasts were not clustered together but were usually found in contact with adjacent osteoblasts and/or preosteoblasts. Membrane fusion between a preosteoclast and a flattened osteoblastic cell was observed. Multinucleated cells were principally preosteoclastic in appearance but some were both osteoclastic and osteoblastic. The multinucleated cells with ruffled borders identified as active osteoclasts increased in number over a particular time span. The cytochemical localizations of ALPase, ACPase and peroxidase activities in the preosteoclasts resembled those in the osteoclasts but differed from the osteoblasts and preosteoblasts with respect to the ALPase activity. An intense peroxidase activity was detected only in monocytes and neither in preosteoclasts nor in osteoclasts. These results suggest that the cytodifferentiation of preosteoclasts into osteoclasts may be induced by their direct contact to the mineralized bone surface exposed by detachment of osteoblasts, and that the detached osteoblasts may also serve as either an inducer or a constituent of the forming osteoclasts. PMID- 6661004 TI - [Aza-aromatic anticoagulants and their N-oxides]. PMID- 6661005 TI - [Barbituric acid derivatives. 35. Cytostatic and central nervous actions of chiral barbiturate Mannich bases]. PMID- 6661007 TI - Isokinetic knee extension strength and pain before and after correction of recurrent patellar dislocation. AB - The maximal isokinetic knee extension strength was measured in 20 patients before and after surgical correction of recurrent dislocations of the patella and the pain evoked during the recordings was rated. The preoperative muscle strength was significantly higher and pain was less severe than in a previously studied group of patients with chondromalacia or patellofemoral osteoarthrosis. Twenty months after patella realignment by a new surgical procedure including an extensive lateral release and anteromedial displacement of the tibial tuberosity by an oblique osteotomy through the anterior crest of the tibia, a significant decrease of patellofemoral pain and a slight increase of muscle strength was noted. PMID- 6661006 TI - [Anticoagulant 3-aralkyl-4-hydroxy-2-pyrones]. PMID- 6661008 TI - Proximal osteotomy of the tibia in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. AB - A total of 50 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint treated by proximal osteotomy of the tibia were followed up 1-5 years after operation. Fusion occurred within an average of 24 weeks. The subjective result of the treatment was good or fair in 44/50 patients. The results were the same 1-2 years and 4-5 years postoperatively. Half the patients showed some significant general disease, most usually hypertension or cardiac disease. Although the patients' subjective condition was significantly better after than before operation, the treatment did not improve or maintain their working capacity. Preoperatively 29 patients worked, while this number was reduced to 12 at the time of follow-up, and two of the latter patients had been trained for new occupation. PMID- 6661009 TI - Condylectomies for prolonged bilateral temporomandibular dislocation. AB - An unusual case of old unreduced bilateral temporomandibular joint (TM joint) dislocation is presented. Extensive reviews of English and Japanese literature described managing such cases by various methods including closed or open joint reduction. However, successful bilateral condylectomies carried out in seven months old dislocation, provided free range of painless movements and good stability. As there is no possibility of redislocation or painful degenerative arthritis following this procedure, it's role in African environment is described. PMID- 6661010 TI - Complications of a total hip prosthesis revealing a renal cell carcinoma. AB - Case report of pelvic dislocation of a total hip prosthesis cup on an acetabular signal metastasis, occurred 22 months after surgery. PMID- 6661011 TI - Prosthetic replacement of the knee in the treatment of infected and recurring giant cell tumor of the distal femur. AB - Giant cell bone tumors represent a specific problem in surgery. While excochleation of the tumor and insertion of the bone transplant (with the potential development of local recurrence or even malignant alterations) were the former procedures of treatment, today it is recognized that block resection of the tumor and replacement of the defect with a special endoprosthesis gives better and longer lasting results and complete functional restitution of the joint. The case report of a 25-year-old patient with recurring giant cell tumor of the distal femur is presented. Due to the failure of surgical treatment and repeated recurrence with infection, 15 cm of the distal femur was resected and a knee endoprosthesis was inserted. Two years after surgery, functional findings of the knee are excellent and there are no signs of infection. PMID- 6661012 TI - The medial shelf of the knee. A follow-up study. AB - After a publication in 1979 on Plica Synovialis Mediopatellaris a review of 1328 arthroscopies from 1978 onwards has been done at the Orthopedic Department of the University Clinic Duesseldorf. One hundred and eighty knees with medial shelf of the knee were found. Forty-three patients were treated by arthroscopic surgery. Plica excision alone was carried out in 17 knees. Twenty-six times multiple intraarticular surgery like patella-shave, lateral release, meniscectomy or local synovectomy have been performed in addition to plica excision. A shelf alone was present in 21.1%. Additional lesion like chondromalacia of the patella occurred in 38.8%. Control of biopsy material and tissue specimen from arthroscopic surgery revealed shelf fibrosis in 15.5% of the 180 knees with Plica Synovialis Mediopatellaris. The best results were obtained in those patients with a medial shelf as the only abnormality in the knee joint. The reason for the relatively high amount of unsatisfactory results in knees with multiple lesion and medial shelf excision is caused by overlap of other lesions accompanied by the Plica Synovialis Mediopatellaris. Under the impression of the results of the follow-up study a detailed proposal as indication for Plica excision is discussed. PMID- 6661013 TI - The rise of blood sugar as parameter for the degree of severity of hemorrhagic shock in the rabbit. AB - Besides the known cardiovascular effects of hemorrhagic shock, the following regular metabolic consequences can be demonstrated in rabbits: The rise in blood sugar in hemorrhagic shock increases with the amount of blood withdrawn per unit time. The rise in blood sugar is independent of the state of consciousness or Nembutal anesthesia. The characteristic rise in blood sugar lasts longer than the partial exsanguination phase. The rise in blood sugar is attributed to an increased glycogenolysis due to a reflex triggering of catecholamine secretion via the baroreceptors in hemorrhagic shock. More attention to metabolic consequences of hemorrhagic shock may possibly give rise to consequences for diagnosis and therapy of shock. PMID- 6661014 TI - Fractures of the patella treated by operation. AB - A retrospective analysis of 93 operatively treated fractures of the patella is presented. Tension band fixation was used in 14, circumferential wire in 15 and screw fixation in 19 patients. Partial patellectomy was performed in 35 cases and total patellectomy in 10 cases. The result was considered excellent in 27% of the patients, good in 49%, fair in 16% and poor in 8%. Patients under 30 years of age had better results than the older ones (p less than 0.01). Tension band fixation gave results superior to screw fixation (p less than 0.05) and partial patellectomy superior to total patellectomy (p less than 0.02). The length of the immobilization time in plaster showed no statistical significance. As a result of this investigation tension band fixation and partial patellectomy seem to be the methods of choice in the management of those fractures of the patella which need operative treatment. PMID- 6661015 TI - Massive ectopic calcification of the leg following nerve injury. AB - Four cases showing massive ectopic calcifications in muscles of the lower leg combined with nerve paralysis following war injuries or traffic accident are reported. The development and increase of localized soft tissue calcifications were observed for several years. One case was treated by extirpating the ectopic calcified mass. Several operations were performed because of abnormalities in the feet as a sequel of nerve injury. No clear connection was observed between primary infection or reduced blood supply and development of calcification, although microtrauma of paretic muscle fibers is believed to cause partially induction of massive ectopic calcifications in the cases described. PMID- 6661016 TI - Posttraumatic pseudarthroses--an analysis of development and treatment. AB - The results of the analysis of 339 pseudarthroses in 326 patients are reported. We reviewed the aetiology and previous therapy of patients with pseudarthroses, their X-ray, case reports and assessed them clinically. We noticed instability as an important aetiological factor for development of non union, especially in combination with a bone infection. The evidence of failures due to a inadequate implant or due to an inadequate surgical technique is shown. Further aetiological factors are discussed. Our principles of treatment of pseudarthroses are outlined. The first principle is to achieve stability by operative procedure. The second is to indicate correctly bone grafting. The third principle concerns infected non unions in which extensive surgical revision is necessary. By carrying out this therapy we achieved bone healing in 95.4% of non infected pseudarthroses and in 86.8% of infected pseudarthroses. PMID- 6661017 TI - Safe method of supraclavicular brachial-plexus anesthesia. AB - Using the needle direction we devised, we applied brachial-plexus anesthesia in the supraclavicular approach originated by Kulenkampff to 561 patients 6 to 85 years of age. In this method, 20 ml of anesthetic was enough to obtain more than 95% anesthetic effect without any complications such as pneumothorax. Moreover, by using a long-acting drug (bupivacaine), we could get an effect lasting for more than 10 h, so that it was useful for long operations such as digital replantations, or for operations with severe postoperative pain. PMID- 6661019 TI - Heating patterns produced by shortwave diathermy applicators in tissue substitute models. AB - To be a deep-heating modality, shortwave diathermy applicators have to heat the musculature more than the subcutaneous fat. In this study, commercially available and prototype shortwave diathermy applicators were tested using tissue substitute models which allow rapid thermographic scanning of the initial linear transient temperature rise in the subcutaneous fat and muscle. The specific absorption rates (SAR) of the electromagnetic radiation were calculated throughout the tissues. Great differences were found in the deep-heating capability of these applicators. Some of the applicators heated the subcutaneous fat more than the muscle, while others were more efficient in heating the musculature. PMID- 6661018 TI - Isokinetic knee extension strength and pain before and after advancement osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity. AB - In 30 patients with patellofemoral chondromalacia and osteoarthrosis the maximal isokinetic knee extension strength was measured. The pain evoked during the recordings was rated on a nine-grade scale. The peak extension torques were markedly lower than in the non-diseased knee and in a reference group of healthy volunteers. Twenty months after advancement of the tibial tuberosity, the muscle strength was significantly increased and pain significantly alleviated, well parallelling the clinical improvement. Intra-articular anaesthesia almost instantaneously increased the knee extension torque considerably, although knee pain was unchanged. PMID- 6661020 TI - Prescriptive arm ergometry to optimize muscular endurance in acutely injured paraplegic patients. AB - This study compared the effect of (1) continuous, (2) intermittent, and (3) graded exercise on the cardiopulmonary responses of 12 acutely injured paraplegic individuals having neurologically complete spinal lesions, between T7 and T12, and seven able-bodied control subjects. Continuous exercise consisted of cranking an arm ergometer at a constant rate of 30W. Intermittent exercise consisted of arm ergometry at 60W for 30-second periods interspersed with 30-second rest periods. In graded exercise, subjects worked for consecutive two-minute periods at rates of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50W with no rest periods between work periods. Subjects exercised for 10 minutes or until they reached subjective fatigue. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured during rest and work. Paraplegic subjects performed 4.93, 4.89, and 4.95 watt-hours of continuous, intermittent, and graded exercise respectively. Comparable figures for control subjects were 4.98, 4.91, and 4.96 watt-hours. There was a high degree of correlation between HR and VO2 in both paraplegic (r = 0.80) and normal (r = 0.85) subjects. Both VO2 and HR were highly correlated with work load in each group. Paraplegic subjects had significantly higher HRs (p less than 0.001), respiratory quotients (p less than 0.05), and ventilatory volumes (p less than 0.05) than control subjects. Graded exercise produced a significantly higher HR than continuous or intermittent exercise (p less than 0.001) during the final data collection period. Oxygen consumption during graded exercise was higher than VO2 for continuous or intermittent exercise (p less than 0.01) during the final data collection period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661021 TI - Hemiplegic gait: analysis of temporal variables. AB - The objective of this study was to determine key quantitative variables in hemiplegic gait, and to correlate them with clinical abnormality, eg, degree of motor recovery. In 23 hemiplegic patients, clinical and locomotion laboratory assessments gave the following results. Two temporal gait variables, walking speed and symmetry of the swing/phase, showed a good correlation with the stage of motor recovery. Patients with greater degrees of motor recovery walked faster and more symmetrically than those with less motor recovery. None of the other temporal variables analyzed showed a significant relationship with the stage of motor recovery. PMID- 6661022 TI - Multiple sclerosis and mobility restriction. AB - Examination of mobility restriction among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and its relationship to selected disease and demographic characteristics was undertaken using data gathered in the National Multiple Sclerosis Survey. Whether and where an individual needed assistance and the types of assistance needed were the dependent variables. These data were crosstabulated with the following patient characteristics: sex, race, educational level, region of residence, age on prevalence day, marital status, awareness of diagnosis, diagnostic code, duration of disease and age at first diagnosis. More than half of the patients reported needing assistance both indoors and outdoors. Significant factors in increasing the percentage needing assistance were as follows: longer duration, older at the time of first diagnosis, admitted awareness of the diagnosis, currently unmarried, nonwhite, and a "probable" MS diagnostic code. Most patients relied on a wheelchair or a person's assistance for help while few relied on crutches or leg braces. PMID- 6661023 TI - Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis: an unusual complication of cervical spondylosis. AB - Clinical investigations of a patient having shortness of breath and a paretic left hemidiaphragm revealed compromise of the left C3-4 neural foramen and signs of spondylitic spinal cord compression at that level. After laminectomy, the patient's symptoms and radiologic evidence of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis resolved. This case illustrates the importance of evaluating patients with hemidiaphragmatic paralysis for cervical spondylosis and of evaluating patients with cervical spondylosis for phrenic nerve compromise. PMID- 6661024 TI - Head-control system for severely paralyzed patient. AB - A device to provide controlled suspension of the head of the severely paralyzed patient while seated is described. Mounted on the wheelchair, it permits functional range-of-motion of the head on the neck. It does not contact the neck or chin. PMID- 6661026 TI - Communicating and utilizing research in medical rehabilitation. PMID- 6661025 TI - Auditory feedback device in a patient with left-sided neglect. AB - A simple and inexpensive battery-powered device was constructed to alert a patient with left hemiplegia and left-sided neglect when his flaccid upper extremity was in a dependent position. The patient was instructed to retrieve his left extremity with his functional arm and place it on a lapboard. This decreased the mechanical forces placed on the shoulder joint. Concomitantly, his complaint of left shoulder pain decreased while his range of motion (ROM) increased. Because of on-going physical and occupational therapy, his symptomatic relief and increased ROM could not be attributed solely to this device, but it gave him greater control over his own treatment. The use of this device may result in increased awareness of the involved extremity as well as greater carry-over into activities of daily living. PMID- 6661027 TI - [Factors altering allantoin excretion by sheep and goats]. AB - We have studied the factors of variation of the urinary allantoin excretion with sheep billy goats and goats during digestibility trials. The urinary excretion of nitrogen allantoin (Nal) is highly correlated with the intake of digestible organic matter (DOM) and soluble nitrogen (Ns) for the sheeps billy goats and goats. By multiple regression we have estimated the daily endogenous excretion of Nal at 160 mg (goats) and 60 mg (sheeps and billy goats) respectively 8.5 and 2.6 mg/kg W0.75. The differences observed between sheeps and billy goats (Nal = 27.3 +/- 11.3 and 32.2 +/- 9.4 mg/kg W0.75) agree with the differences observed in the DOM and Ns intakes. The dairy goats eat more than the billy goats (69.5 against 52.0 DOM/kg W0.75 and 412 against 315 mg Ns/kg W0.75) but they excrete less Nal (36.3 mg against 42.3/kg W0.75). During the first two weeks of lactation the goats with negative N balance excrete more Nal than the goats with positive N balance (78 mg Nal against 57 mg/100 g DOM). Although large variations of DOM and Ns, the amount of Nal excreted before and after kidding doesn't vary. In these last conditions the general relation between Nal and intake of DOM and Ns no longer holds. Since the disponible energy (MOD) and soluble nitrogen intake supplies for the rumen microorganisms influence the amount of synthetised microbials protein (and so the amount of nucleic acids entering the duodenum) our regressions confirm the assumption that the excretion of Nal is related with the nucleic acids metabolism. However when Nal is utilised as an index of the nucleic acids catabolism, the factors that are able to create the variations either in the endogenous production of allantoin (uterine involution, bodily mobilisation, foetus growth, mammary gland development) or in the nucleic acids valorization must be taken into account. PMID- 6661028 TI - Interactions of bisquaternary pyridine salts (H-oximes) with cholinergic receptors. AB - Certain recently developed antidotes of the bispyridinium type, commonly called "H-oximes" (HGG 12, 21, 42, 52, 65, 70, 89, and HGG 90) have been investigated as to their effects on muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These compounds clearly discriminate between these two types of receptors being more potent inhibitors of the muscarinic receptor with inhibitory constants in the micromole range. (The corresponding values for the nicotinic receptor are in the range of 0.1 mM.) However, the inhibitory potency in the binding assay does not correlate with the ED50 values obtained against soman in mice. The site of antidotal action therefore appears not to be the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Binding to the muscarinic receptors may partially contribute to the effects against soman in vivo. PMID- 6661029 TI - Cutaneous effects from occupational exposure to fenvalerate. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine, through a field survey, the prevalence of cutaneous response to the synthetic pyrethroid fenvalerate; to characterize the cutaneous reaction; and to identify the setting in which it occurs. The methodology involved case studies of selected individuals who had worked extensively with fenvalerate in the delta region of Mississippi and Alabama. All the agricultural workers interviewed and examined had, on some occasion, noted a paresthesia which they associated with exposure to this pyrethroid insecticide. The cutaneous sensation described was a stinging or burning which progressed to numbness in approximately one-third of the exposed workers. The sensation typically began a number of hours after contact, peaked in the evening, and rarely was present the following morning. The intensity of the sensation varied according to the type and extent of exposure. Clinical signs of inflammation such as edema or vesiculation were not apparent. Erythema was present in a limited number of individuals but was not distinguishable from sunburn. Several environmental factors were found to affect the cutaneous sensation associated with fenvalerate exposure. PMID- 6661030 TI - Neurotoxicity of acrylamide and related compounds in rats. Effects on rotarod performance, morphology of nerves and neurotubulin. AB - Neurotoxic properties of acrylamide and seven related compounds in rats were studied with regard to the effects on rotarod performance, morphology of nerves and neurotubulin. Compounds used in the present study were acrylamide, N hydroxymethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, methacrylamide, N methylacrylamide, crotonamide, diacetone acrylamide, and N-tert-butylacrylamide. Animals were given chemicals in their drinking water for 90 days. Deficit of rotarod performance was produced by five compounds; acrylamide, N hydroxymethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, methacrylamide, and N methylacrylamide. Morphological changes in tibial and sural nerves, such as shrinkage and loss of myelinated fibres, myelin retraction, and corrugated myelin sheaths, were observed after treatment with these five compounds. Depression of the [3H]colchicine-binding to neurotubulin (the soluble protein) of sciatic nerves was detected after giving these five compounds. After acrylamide dosing, the depression progressed with time. A significant reduction of the colchicine binding to neurotubulin was also detected in the spinal cord of both the cervical and the lumbar regions, but neither in the brain nor the cerebellum. PMID- 6661031 TI - Mobilization of aged cadmium deposits by dithiocarbamates. AB - Mice with chronic cadmium intoxication were given low levels (0.6 mm/kg) of several dithiocarbamates (parent compounds: dihydroxyethylamine, iminodiacetic acid, methylhydroxyethylamine and sarcosine) in an attempt to reduce the cadmium present in the liver and kidney. Comparing the results with those obtained with the less polar sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDTC), only ammonium di(hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamate (NH4DHE-DTC) possessed a similar ability to reduce kidney cadmium levels. Under the experimental conditions employed, the reduction obtained with NH4DHE-DTC was less than that effected by a comparable dose of NaDDTC. A subsequent dose-dependence study showed, however, that sodium di(hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamate (NaDHE-DTC) is quite effective at higher dosage levels (up to 5.5 mmoles/kg) where substantial reductions in both kidney (89% mobilization) and liver (38% mobilization) stores of cadmium were observed. High doses of the NaDHE-DTC are well tolerated as the LD50 of this compound in mice is greater than 19.8 mmoles/kg. PMID- 6661032 TI - Effects of manganese ions on thyroid function in rat. AB - Rats were treated with MnSO4, H2O (1 mg/100 g/day, SC) for a period of 5 weeks. Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were measured in thyroid by radioimmunoassay. T4, T3 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were also estimated by radioimmunoassay in serum. Manganese treatment produced no change in thyroid T4 and T3 levels but induced a significant decrease in serum T4, T3 and TSH levels. This decrease can be interpreted as the result of a pituitary alteration which appears to be related to the high accumulation of manganese in the pituitary gland. PMID- 6661033 TI - The acute toxicity of oxamniquine in rats; a sex-dependent hepatotoxicity. AB - Toxicity studies with oxamniquine in several laboratory animal species revealed an idiosyncratic sensitivity of rats, females being much more sensitive than males. After single p.o. doses of oxamniquine, rats died up to 14 days after the dose from hepatic failure. At doses near the LD-50, serum transaminases were high and proteins low from 24 h after the dose in females and from 48 h in males; serum and liver triglycerides showed no clear changes. Histologically the livers were characterised by cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, parenchymal necrosis, and bile duct proliferation. Metabolism and pharmacokinetic data were inadequate to explain the sex-dependency of this toxicity, but tissue distribution studies with carbon-14 labelled oxamniquine showed that 72 h after a given dose livers of female rats retained more label than males, and that little of this was due to unchanged drug. PMID- 6661034 TI - Effect of interferon on the penetration of murine leukemia virus and the binding of its genome RNA to polyribosomes at the early stage of infection. AB - The effect of interferon (IFN) on the adsorption, penetration and subsequent binding of the incoming genome RNA of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) to polyribosomes, was studied in NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Virus adsorption was assayed by determining reverse transcriptase activity in the inoculating virus stock and in the cell membrane fraction before and after 45 minutes of infection. Both measurements suggested that IFN had no effect on virus adsorption. Virus penetration was determined by measuring the amount of viral RNA in the cell cytoplasm at 45 minutes after infection. This amount was remarkably lower in IFN treated than in untreated cells. This reduction was not due to inhibition of a possible induction of endogenous viral genetic information by the penetrating virions, but was proved to be a direct effect of IFN on virus penetration, which was related to the IFN-induced antiviral state. The effect of IFN on binding of parental genome RNA to polyribosomes was then investigated by analysing Crt hybridization kinetics of polyribosomal viral RNA at different time intervals after infection. While in untreated control cells maximal binding occurred at 3 hours postinfection, this maximal binding was observed in IFN-treated cells at 5 hours postinfection. The distribution of viral RNA molecules between sub cytoplasmic fractions at 3 hours after infection was, in IFN-treated cells, significantly different from that observed in the untreated cells. PMID- 6661035 TI - Hemolysis-inhibition test for detection of rubella antibody. AB - A hemolysis-inhibition (HLI) test was established for detection of rubella antibody. The HLI antibody titer of individual serum samples was closely correlated with their hemagglutination-inhibition and neutralization titers. PMID- 6661036 TI - [Quality control of clinical and toxicological analyses--proposed model for a Yugoslav quality control program for lead and cadmium in the blood]. PMID- 6661038 TI - [Atmospheric pollution in a closed environment]. PMID- 6661037 TI - [Asepsol poisoning]. PMID- 6661039 TI - Evaluation of risk factors associated with vascular thrombosis in women on oral contraceptives. Possible role of anti-sex steroid hormone antibodies. AB - Women on oral contraceptives have an increased risk of thrombosis. The prevention of the vascular complications relies on the detection of women who are at risk. In order to find out which characteristics correlate with the occurrence of the vascular disease, 3 groups of women were compared; 50 oral contraceptive users with thrombosis, 50 healthy users, and 30 controls. Apart from the modality of oral contraception (duration of use, dose of estrogens), the following parameters were tested as possible risk factors: age, serum lipid levels, tobacco smoking, and especially presence of antiethinylestradiol antibodies (anti-EE ab) which we had previously shown to be induced by oral contraceptives in a number of women. Results indicated that the major risk factor associated with vascular thrombosis was the presence of anti-EE ab. Furthermore, the risk was highly increased by the association of tobacco smoking to anti-EE ab. PMID- 6661040 TI - The trophic influence of sympathetic nerves on rabbit ear vasculature is absent in coarctation hypertension. AB - We recently investigated the effect of chronic sympathetic denervation on the intact ear vasculature of normotensive rabbits and found an important long-term or trophic influence of sympathetic nerves on vascular structural properties. To determine the effect of coarctation hypertension on this relationship, we studied 12 wk old rabbits 8 wk after a unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy and induction of coarctation hypertension. Successful denervation was demonstrated by a shift of the norepinephrine dose-response curve to the left in the denervated ears as well as a decreased threshold (p less than 0.05), an increased slope (p less than 0.02) and a decreased M50 (p less than 0.01) (the concentration of norepinephrine that produced 50% of the maximal vasoconstrictor response to norepinephrine). The flow-pressure curves of the denervated compared to the innervated ears at maximal dilation (used as a functional assessment of structural alterations) did not differ. The maximal pressor responses to vasopressin and barium chloride (used as an indication of smooth muscle mass) also did not differ. These results suggest that sympathetic innervation does not importantly influence blood vessel structure during coarctation hypertension in contrast to the changes we previously found in normotensive rabbits. PMID- 6661041 TI - Analysis of the collagenous products synthesised in vitro by chick blood vessels: alterations during development and effects of serum on the pattern of synthesis. AB - Chick blood vessels synthesise in vitro collagens types I and III and, in much smaller amount, type V. In the presence of beta APN during synthesis, type I collagen is easily extracted whilst, in contrast, types III and V are insoluble and require the use of pepsin for their release into solution. The ratio of collagen type I to type III decreases during the course of development from around 9:1 in the young (11-day) embryo to a value approaching unity in the young chick. Type V collagen increases relative to the interstitial collagens. The synthesis of 'short-chain' and 'endothelial' collagens was not detected with certainty. Evidence for the possible synthesis of type IV and of additional, collagenase-sensitive, non-reducible, low-molecular weight species is presented. The presence of serum increased the proportion of collagen type I relative to that of type III. This appeared to be due in part to a direct stimulation of type I synthesis by serum but also in part to the replacement by serum of tissue 'factors' (or inhibitors of degradation) removed from the tissue during its preincubation with unlabelled medium. PMID- 6661042 TI - Organization of experimentally induced arterial thrombosis in rats from two weeks until ten months. The development of an arteriosclerotic lesion and the occurrence of rethrombosis. AB - In a previous paper (1) the organization of an experimental arterial thrombus in rat aorta during the first six days was described. The present paper will set out the thrombus organization during the following weeks and months. Within one month, fibrin and platelets inside the thrombus disappear, and are replaced by smooth muscle cells, collagen and elastin. Elastin was deposited in two forms - granular and strand-like, according to exposure to the pulsatile blood flow. In the course of that period the thrombus surface was covered by endothelial cells. Small, non-endothelialized areas, often with adhering thrombi, were found at all time intervals. The occurrence of thrombi of various ages is suggestive of continuing rethrombosis, presumably due to a permanently disturbed haemodynamical situation. PMID- 6661043 TI - Possible glucagon-mediated hypocholesterolemic activity of a nicotinic acid derivative (sorbinicate). AB - The antilipolytic activity of nicotinic acid was investigated in 7 patients with type II b hyperlipoproteinemia and in 7 with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia treated for two months with a nicotinic acid derivative, sorbinicate (1600 mg daily, ie 1454 mg NA). Before and after treatment the blood levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were determined and three dynamic tests -- oral glucose tolerance test, insulin test and tolbutamide test -- were done to check in each test the variations in blood glucose, NEFA, insulin (excluding obviously the insulin test), glucagon and growth hormone levels. At the end of the treatment, there was a significant reduction of cholesterol (type IIb and type IV) and of triglycerides (type IV), a marked reduction of the glucagon response, a slight increase in the insulin response and in the basal secretion of the growth hormone. It is suggested that the antilipolytic activity of nicotinic acid (and hence of sorbinicate) is at least partly mediated by an inhibition of glucagon secretion (and/or synthesis). PMID- 6661044 TI - [Ultrastructure of the synapses of the initial axonal segment of the pyramidal neuron]. AB - Ultrastructure of the proximal part of the axon in the neurons, identified according to a number of morphological signs as pyramidal, has been studied in the layer III of the cat cerebral hemisphere sensomotor cortex. In sections, tangential to the cortical surface, in the initial axonal segment, a submembranous osmophilic layer and fasciculi of microtubules are revealed. On the initial segment spines are found, they contain cysterns resembling by their structure the spine system of the dendritic spines. Axonal terminals revealed along the axonal distribution are in contact both with the axonal trunk and with the spines. Regarding the initial segment, they are presynaptic, contain oval synaptic vesicles and form symmetric axo-axonal synapses only. In transversal sections axonal terminals are detected, arranging on the surface of the initial segment mostly as single ones, in longitudinal sections they are seen as clusters. Analysing the author's data and those from the literature, a conclusion is made that in intact animals the synaptic contacts at the initial segment of the axon are the only form of axo-axonal synapses in the neocortex. PMID- 6661045 TI - [Morphological characteristics of various segments of local connections in the rat somatosensory cortex]. AB - Pyramidal, aspinous, sparsely-spinous bipolar and multipolar neurons of the rat sensomotor cerebral cortex, impregnated after Golgi method, have been studied at an electron microscopical level. The ultrastructural characteristics of the pyramidal neurons differs from that of the nonpyramidal cells. Distribution of various synaptic contacts on the cellular surface and cortical postsynaptic targets of the axonal arborizations of the neurons are revealed. On the body of the pyramidal cells only symmetrical synapses exist, on large dendritic trunks symmetrical synapses prevail, on the spines and the terminal dendritic branches assymetrical synapses mainly predominate. Axonal collateralies of the pyramidal cells form asymmetrical synapses on the spines, small and middle dendrites. There are more axo-somatic synapses on the bodies of the nonpyramidal neurons than on the pyramidal cells, among them both symmetrical and asymmetrical types of the synapses occur. On the trunks and small dendrites of the nonpyramidal cells both types of synaptic contacts are revealed. In the distal direction of the dendrites the number of the asymmetrical synapses becomes predominating. Axons of the bipolar cells form asymmetrical synapses on the spines, small and middle dendrites. Axons of the multipolar cells form symmetrical synapses on the dendrites and the dendritic trunks of the nondifferentiated cells. Differences in the distribution character of the synaptic inlets and various postsynaptic targets of the axonal systems in the cells assume various functional role of the identified neurons. PMID- 6661046 TI - [Callosal connections in the cat parietal cortex during postnatal ontogenesis]. AB - By means of the method based on the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase topography, quantitative and qualitative composition of homotopic neurons in the cat cerebral parietal associative cortex performing callosal connections have been studied. When comparing the data of the experiment with those previously obtained on distribution of the axonal terminals in the comissural neurons, certain places are revealed where concentration of the homotopic callosal connections of the parietal cortex field 7 take place. A morphological characteristic of the longaxonal pyramidal and stellate neurons forming these connections is presented. PMID- 6661047 TI - [Age characteristics of the projections of the heart and its foramina on the anterior thoracic wall in newborn infants and children younger than 7 years of age]. AB - Projections of the heart borders and its orifices on the anterior thoracic wall have been studied in 122 corpses of newborns and children up to 7 years of age by means of visiography, dioptrography and preparation methods. In parallel with changes occurring in the cardiac borders, projections of the vena cava, the pulmonary trunk orifices, as well as projections of both atrioventricular orifices change, too. The level of their projections is gradually going down. For example, in the pulmonary trunk orifices from the II rib level drops down to the III rib, the aortic orifices--from the II rib level down to the IV rib, the right atrioventricular orifice--from the III rib level down to the V rib, and the left one--from the III rib level down to the IV intercostal level. While the child is growing, the heart is turning around the sagittal, vertical and frontal axis. Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, M. I. Kalinin Medical Institute, Andizhan. PMID- 6661048 TI - [Changes in the structure of the rat thymus after hydrocortisone administration]. AB - In white non-inbred male rats interrelations between cross section areas of the thymus structural components have been studied both normal and after medical doses of hydrocortisone injected 1-14 times. The animals' mass and the thymus volume decrease. The changes in the interrelations between cross section areas within the limits of the cortical and medullary substance depend on time of the experiment and during its course are not constant. The total part of the cortical and medullary substance decreases, while a relative area occupied by the supporting structures (interlobular septa) and the blood vessels increases. It depends on the fact that during the first week of the experiment under a progressively developing atrophy in the thymus parenchyma, the blood bed has no time for rearranging. In 14 days of the experiment the part of the blood vessels becomes twice as small. Evidently, it is connected with some reductive processes in the weakly functioning vessels. The thymus rearrangements result in an increasing part of the connective tissue components: the relative part occupied by the interlobular septa increases three times and makes nearly the fourth part of the gland. PMID- 6661049 TI - [Morphological manifestations of the functional activity of the menstrual corpus luteum]. AB - A histomorphological investigation of the corpus luteum has been performed in 60 women with an unchanged menstrual cycle. Physiological changes of the corpus luteum are reliably reflected in the karyometry results, in correlation between immature, mature and distrophic luteocytes, their mitotic activity and in total thickness of the parenchymatous layer. The parameters taken into account are united into a total index of the corpus luteum activity, its functional significance is proved when a parallel estimation of microelements content (zinc and copper) is performed in the corpus luteum tissues. The morphometric indices used demonstrate that the menstrual corpus luteum is mainly formed at the expense of a combined hypertrophy of granulous and theca-lutein cells and maturation of the preceding cellular forms. Regressive changes are characterized by a decreasing volume of the nuclei and distrophic changes of luteocytes, which are especially manifested at the end of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6661050 TI - [Development of the female mammary gland at young ages (morphometric data)]. AB - By means of a developed method of histotopographical sections cartograms, 146 preparations obtained from female persons at the age of 8-25 years have been studied. The organ is intensively developing not only at 12-16 years of age, but at 22-25 years, as well. A close correlation is noted at 10-11 years of age between the mammary gland mass and the degree of its parenchyma (glandular tree) development. Subsequently, the connection between these indices becomes essentially weaker. At the age of 15-25 years, according to the variability and standard deviation quantile classes reflecting stages in the organ formation (the degree of the glandular tree development), five types of the mammary gland are distinguished: weak, low middle, middle, high middle and high. During transition of the mammary gland from the weak to the high type, at first the glandular tree is intensively developing in the periphery and in the internal parts, and then in the external squares and in the center of the organ. The degree of uneven development in the glandular tree increases when the middle type is reached. Subsequently, it decreases up to the initial level. PMID- 6661051 TI - [Structure of the articular cartilage in the middle aged]. AB - In persons 17-83 years of age having no articular disorders 39 samples of the patellar articular cartilage, the articulated surface and the femoral head have been studied histochemically, histometrically and electron microscopically. Age involution of the articular cartilage is revealed after 40 years of age as a progressive decrease in chondrocytes density in the superficial and (to a less degree) in the intermediate zones. This is accompanied with a decreasing number of 3- and 4-cellular lacunae and with an increasing number of unicellular and hollow lacunae. In some chondrocytes certain distrophic and necrotic changes are revealed. In the articular matrix the zone with the minimal content of glycosaminoglycans becomes thicker and keratansulfate content in the territorial matrix of the cartilage deep zone grows large. PMID- 6661053 TI - [Structure of the terminal portions of the monoaminergic afferent system in the parietal area of the rat cerebral cortex]. AB - Construction and layer-by-layer distribution of catecholaminergic structures in the rat cortical parietal area have been studied electron microscopically. The method of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA)-induced chemical rearrangements in the monoaminergic cerebral systems has been used. The intracisternal administration of 6-OH-DA (300 mcg) produces certain structural rearrangements in axons, their terminals and dendrites situating mainly in layers I, II, V and VI; within their limits the structural rearrangements are distributed unevenly. The catecholaminergic structures organization revealed is considered as a morphological base of varied functions of these systems. PMID- 6661052 TI - [Distribution of calcium ions in the muscle fibers of the rat diaphragm depending upon their state and the method of histochemical treatment]. AB - Distribution of calcium ions in the rat diaphragm muscle fibers has been studied electron histochemically using various fixation techniques and chemical treatment of the tissue. When potassium pyroantimonate in water solution is used after a short perfusate fixation with aldehydes, the reaction product granules are revealed in mitochondria, in the disk I, in the center of the disk A, more seldom the precipitate is found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and in the T-system. The presence of calcium ions in the precipitate is proved by means of treatment the preparations with ethylenglycol- and ethylen-diamine-tetra-acetic acids. When contracture is resulted from potassium rhodanide administration, in mitochondria the reaction product granules decrease in their number, the precipitate disappears from the central part of the disk A, while the number of the granules increases in the SR terminal cisterns. The data obtained are compared with calcium ions distribution observed at the freezing-substitution method without an additional chemical fixation, as well as the histochemical fixations after Oschman method and at a usual fixation with OsO4. Certain similarity is revealed in distribution of the calcium pyroantimonate granules at aldehyde fixation and when the freezing-substitution method is used. PMID- 6661054 TI - [Connections of the thalamic and telencephalic centers of the auditory system in turtles]. AB - In the turtles Emys orbicularis and Testudo horsfieldi connections of the thalamic (n. reuniens) and telencephalic (medio-ventral part of the dorsal ventricular edge--DVE) centers of the auditory system have been revealed by means of the retrograde and anterograde horseradish peroxidase (HP) transport method. At a local HP administration into the n. reuniens, the labelled neurons are detected bilaterally in the midbrain: in the auditory center (n. centralis of the torus) and predominantly in the somatic nucleus (n. intercollicularis); in the thalamus--ipsilaterally among the marked fibers of the dorsal peduncle of the forebrain lateral bundle, in the anterior and posterior parts of the suprapeduncular nucleus, in the nucleus of the ventral supraoptic chiasm. The HP anterograde transport is followed in the thalamic n. anterior and n. ventralis, in the forebrain lateral bundle as far as the medial part of the DVE. When HP is injected into the DVE auditory zone, retrogradely labelled neurons are revealed ipsilaterally along the whole pathway of the auditory center (n. reuniens), as well as in the n. anterior and n. ventralis, in the posterior part of the suprapeduncular nucleus, in the posterior commissure nucleus, in the caudal nucleus. Most of these thalamic nuclei are connected with the somatosensory system. The principle of the structural-functional organization of the auditory system in reptiles is discussed; it ensures the interaction between the auditory and somatic impulses making a necessary base for the audition-controlled behaviour. PMID- 6661055 TI - [Contacts of the basal processes of the visual cone cells in the outer plexiform layer of the sensory membrane of the eyeball in turtles]. AB - In two tortoise (Agrionemys horsfieldi Gray, Testudo graeca L.) and three turtle (Emys orbicularis L., Clemmys (Mauremys) caspica Gmel, Tryonix sinensis Wieg) species, contacts of basal processes (synaptic peduncles of the cone cells) have been studied electron microscopically. Their ultrastructure and peculiarities in organization of specialized junctions between each other and with other neural elements are described. The interreceptory contacts revealed are considered to be of one of the gap junction type responsible for electrotonic interactions in the nervous system. The basal processes are shown for the first time to possess an ability to form connections on the body and on the fine branches of the tubular type horizontal cells. It correlates with a view of some physiologists on a mediated interaction of photoreceptors via the horizontal neurons. PMID- 6661056 TI - [Glycocalyx of receptor cell membranes in sense organs]. PMID- 6661057 TI - [Development, structure and myeloarchitectonics of the intraorganic nerves of the human hand muscles in infancy and childhood]. AB - Twenty-two corpses of children (1-6 years of age) have been investigated. During the first year of life, certain manifested morphological changes take place in the innervation apparatus of the child hand muscles. The nerves are intensively growing in length, surpassing the muscles growth. With the development, some changes of the myelin transmitters spectrum occur: the number of fibers with large and middle diameter increases. This process is subjected to essential individual variations. Besides myelinization, the total number of fibers in the nerves increases, as well. By 6 years of age, the conductive part of the neural apparatus of the muscles studied reaches a rather high developmental level. The content of thick fibers in the toe muscle nerves makes more than 40%, the part of the middle fibers is also high. The muscles in the little finger mound leg behind in development of their nerves, the middle fibers prevail in them. Asynchronism in development is peculiar for nerves in some separate muscles. The correlation revealed for the main components of the neural fiber demonstrates that it is optimal in the toe muscle nerves. The little finger muscle nerves reach a high level of development, but the main mass of their fibers is still at the stage of maturing. PMID- 6661058 TI - [Thoracic vertebral nerve]. AB - When studying phylogenetic transformations of the sympathetic trunk, a theoretical possibility has been substantiated that in Mammalia a caudal continuation of the vertebral nerve in the thoracic area can exist. By means of some embryological and anatomical methods, in man and in certain animals (cat, dog), together with the cervical, the thoracic vertebral nerve has been revealed. The latter has an appearance of a plexus situating on the rudimentary thoracic vertebral artery wall and is formed at the expense of the multisegmentary distribution of the gray connective branches fibers. Anatomical manifestation of multisegmentarity of the gray connective branches connections is a division of these branches into cranial and caudal fasciculi and their spreading in the foramens between the transversal processes of the thoracic vertebrae and the necks of the corresponding ribs. In Mammalia the neck and the thoracic vertebral nerves combine into the vertebral neural trunk homologous to the secondary sympathetic trunk in birds. The thoracic vertebral nerve is a roundabout way for innervation of many somatic and vegetative structures. The pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for disturbances in the cervical vertebral nerve function, probably, somehow influence the thoracic vertebral nerve. PMID- 6661059 TI - [Neural apparatus of the heart in a cardiopulmonary conduit in an experiment]. AB - In 20 dogs with a corrugated stenosis of the pulmonary trunk, the state of the intramural neural system has been studied by means of some histological techniques. For correction a by-pass cardio-pulmonary shunt has been used. Fifteen dogs have been used as controls, in 5 of them stenosis of the pulmonary trunk without correction has been induced, in 5--the right ventricular wall has been dissected and the heart wound has been saturated ; in 5--thoracotomy has been performed. Various parts of the cardiac wall have been investigated during the interval 2 hours--360 days. Changes in the cardiac intramural apparatuses at the time up to the 7th day can be considered as nonspecific in response to the surgical trauma. They are similarly manifested in all parts of the cardiac wall in the animals of all the groups studied. Subsequently, destructive changes of neurocytes are the most pronounced. The cells decrease in their size, the nuclei are not detected, RNA content is sharply decreased. When stained after Nissl, "ghost-cells" are seen. Thick neural fibers undergo fragmentation and granular decay. The receptors are subjected to the most sharp changes. These processes are most pronounced up to the 30th day. Further (when stenosis of the pulmonary trunk is corrected with the conduit), restorative processes prevail. In the bodies of neurocytes pironinophilia increases, RNA content rises, young receptors with soft weakly argerophile fibrillae are often detected. Thus, up to 4-6 months the state of the intramural neural apparatuses approaches the normal state. The results of the investigation performed make it possible to conclude that the correction method for the pulmonary trunk stenosis is effective. Owing to this method it is possible to avoid destructive changes that progressively develop in animals with a noncorregated stenosis of the pulmonary trunk. PMID- 6661061 TI - [Development of the thoracic duct in the prenatal period of human ontogeny]. AB - In 40 series of histological sections performed in human embryos and prefetuses from 4 up to 20 weeks of development, as well as in 20 corpses of fetuses and stillborns, it has been stated that the anlage of the thoracic duct appear in 6-7 week-old fetuses as lymphatic clefts surrounded with mesenchymal cells that are situated near large veins in the areas of the most active morphogenesis. Connecting with each other, the clefts form the jugular and retroperitoneal lymph sacs and a well branching network of canals. From the latter, on the 7th-8th week of development a plexus of lymph vessels appear, and later on (on the 8th-9th week)--bilaterally situating trunks of the thoracic duct. Further development of the thoracic duct is connected with the lymph nodes formation, their germs appear on the 9th-10th week along the course of the left trunk, as well as along the ductal branches and anastomoses. The formation of the lymph nodes results in reduction of some trunks and plexuses of the thoracic duct. Owing to this, its form in 14-15-week-old prefetuses resembles the one in newborns. Disturbances in the formation processes of the lymph nodes along the course of the reducing ductal areas, as well as their formation along the course of its main trunk can result in various structural variants of the thoracic duct in children and grown up persons. Histogenesis of the thoracic duct wall and formation of the lymph nodes are not completed by birth. PMID- 6661060 TI - [Vascular changes in the cerebral cortex in experimental ligation of the superior vena cava]. AB - Venous congestion in the cerebral hemispheres produced by means of the anterior vena cava ligation is accompanied with an uneven character of vascular changes in the hemisphere cortex. Under the same experimental conditions, manifestations of the venous congestion in different animals can have a light, middle and severe degree, each of them being characterized with its own morphological and quantitative peculiarities. The disturbance of the venous outflow from the hemisphere cortex results in certain changes not only in the venous and capillary, but also in the arterial part of the blood bed. The manifestation of the vascular changes can be different: from a comparatively light venous plethora up to multiple venous and arterial hemorrhages. The ligation of the anterior vena cava in all cases produces an acute venous congestion in the cerebral hemisphere cortex, its manifestations begin gradually to compensate and normalize after the first two days. The process is gradually completing by the end of the first month, although consequences of the vascular changes remain in the cortex during a long period of time. A variant of the venous congestion course is revealed when during 1.5-2.5 months a decompensation stage as a manifestation of some secondary disorder in the venous stream in the anterior vena cava system is developing. Certain unevenness in distribution of the vascular changes throughout the hemisphere areas is revealed; it is connected with peculiarities of the anatomical structure of different parts of the cortical blood bed. PMID- 6661062 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma in a homosexual man in Arizona. PMID- 6661063 TI - Averaged evoked potentials. PMID- 6661064 TI - Management of Stage I cutaneous melanoma. PMID- 6661065 TI - Penile prosthesis surgery. PMID- 6661066 TI - Sending children to college on pre-tax dollars. PMID- 6661067 TI - Arizona's rural hospitals. How important? How healthy? A report. PMID- 6661068 TI - Sports medicine: its past, present and future. PMID- 6661069 TI - The law: it's impact on medical practice. Breach of contract and the Yellow Pages. PMID- 6661070 TI - [Changes in the heart in various acute respiratory infections in children]. AB - Hearts of 45 children dying with respiratory infections were studied by light and luminescent microscopy. Specific and nonspecific changes in tissues were found. Nonspecific changes consisted in disorders of microcirculation, degenerative, and necrotic processes in cardiomyocytes, and disorganization of the connective tissue of the endocardium and interstitial tissue of the myocardium, whereas specific changes included the presence of viral and mycoplasmal antigens in endotheliocytes and cardiomyocytes as well as metamorphosis of the latter detected mainly in adenovirus infection and mycoplasmosis. Analogous nonspecific and specific changes were also discovered in cytomegalovirus and Coxsackie virus infections which in some children were accompanied by acute respiratory infections. PMID- 6661071 TI - [Morphologic diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia in newborn infants]. AB - Periventricular leukomalacia (PL) which is one of the forms of ischemic affection of the brain in newborn babies is diagnosed predominantly in immature babies weighing 1501-2500 g dying after 5 days of life. Topography, macro- and microscopy of PL foci were studied on 58 cases. The lesions were found to be localized most frequently in the frontal section going through the initial part of posterior horns of the lateral ventricles of the brain. In the course of morphogenesis PL foci undergo three stages: (1) development of necrosis, (2) resorption, and (3) formation of glial scar or cyst. These stages have certain signs differentiating them from cerebral infarctions in adults. PMID- 6661072 TI - [Dysplastic changes in the development of bone tissue in congenital pseudarthrosis]. AB - Angiographic examinations of shin blood vessels were carried out in 11 patients of 2 1/2 to 16 years with congenital false joints, and in 3 of these patients also pathomorphological and ultrastructural studies of the bone and cartilage tissue from the false joint area were performed. The deepest disorders of the blood supply were found at the level of the false joint. Dysplastic changes in the bone consisted in disorders of normal osteogenesis and atypical development of the cartilage, thinning of the bone structures, ultrastructural invalidity of osteocytes and insufficient mineral saturation of the organic matrix. Dystrophy of chondrocytes and deficient ultrastructure of collagen fibrills were noted. PMID- 6661073 TI - [Structural and regenerative features of the mucosa of the upper portions of the digestive tract in chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer]. AB - For the elucidation of the morphological features of the mucous membrane of the upper parts of the alimentary tract and its capacity for regeneration in chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer 212 patients were examined and among them in 81 gastroesophageal reflux was established. Histological, morphometric, and autoradiographic studies showed morphological changes in the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum to differ in frequency and pattern in patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. The presence of the accompanying gastroesophageal reflux in the patients examined caused pathological changes in the esophageal mucosa which were more marked in duodenal ulcer. The observed changes in the histostructure in the upper parts of the alimentary tract occurred during increasing proliferative processes of the epithelial tissue which depended on the age of the patients, duration of the disease and the level of gastric secretion. Morphometric examinations of the mucous membranes of the organs under study revealed the distinguishing features of morphogenesis in diseases of the upper parts of the alimentary tract. PMID- 6661074 TI - [Morphometric findings on the state of the glandular apparatus of the pyloroantral region of the stomach in peptic ulcer]. AB - Gastric mucosa of 76 stomachs resected for peptic ulcer was examined. On the basis of morphometric methods (the index of pyloric glands weight, the index of intensity of intestinal metaplasia, etc.) the degree of changes in the mucous membrane of the pyloroantral part of the stomach on the anterior wall and the lesser curvature was compared. In the majority of the observations (76.3%) no significant differences in the condition of the glandular apparatus (including the degree of intensity of intestinal metaplasia) of the anterior wall and lesser curvature were found. The average number of Paneth's cells and enterochromaffine cells per 10 cryptae of intestinal metaplasia foci varied within a wide range. The data of other research workers on the lack of clear correlation between the thickness of the mucous membrane and the condition of its glandular apparatus have been confirmed. PMID- 6661075 TI - [Internal topography of the greater duodenal papilla in cholecystitis and pancreatitis]. AB - Comparative examination of the material obtained from 133 cadavers of patients dying after operations for chronic pancreatitis, pancreonecrosis, and cholecystitis as well as dying suddenly with other diseases (control) was carried out. Stereoscopic microscopy was used to study the internal relief of the mucous membrane of the ampulla and ducts of the major duodenal papilla (MDP), and their step-wise histological examination was performed. From 1 to 10 valves were found in 98% of the control cases. Inflammatory diseases of the gall bladder and pancreas were found to be accompanied by morphological changes in the valve apparatus of MDP. In acute cholecystitis and pancreatitis, edema of the valves and their inflammatory infiltration developed. Courvoisier's gallbladder and chronic recurrent pancreatitis with the duration of the disease up to 3 years resulted in hypertrophic changes in the valves. A disease of longer duration (from 3 to 7 years) was accompanied by deforming changes in the valves with possible subsequent complete atrophy of the valvular apparatus. PMID- 6661076 TI - [Phlegmonous gastritis]. AB - Two observations of the primary form of diffuse phlegmonous gastritis in men of 46 and 33 are described. In both cases the disease ran malignant courses with the development of peritonitis and bacterial shock. In the first case the causative agent of the disease was not established, however, it had a marked gas-producing capacity, in the other case it was Proteus. PMID- 6661077 TI - [Melanoma developing from a cellular blue nevus]. AB - A rare observation of melanoma developing in the presence of the cellular blue nevus of the ear lobe with a comparatively favourable course is presented. Melanoma metastases appeared in the right parotid salivary gland and lymph nodes 25 years after removal of the primary tumor and 7 years of survival after parotidectomy and fascial dissection of the cervical adipose tissue. PMID- 6661078 TI - [Thromboembolism and tumor embolism of the pulmonary artery as a cause of death in oncourologic diseases]. AB - The autopsy material of pathological departments of Leningrad and Petrozavodsk for 1953-1980 was studied. Thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery was found to be the cause of death in renal carcinoma in 19 (1.5%) cases out of 1248 fatalities due to this carcinoma, in carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter in 1 (1.3%) out of 75, in urinary bladder carcinoma in 14 (1.5%) out of 918, in prostate gland carcinoma in 17 (2.8%) out of 600 cases. The source of thromboembolus in renal carcinoma and renal pelvis carcinoma most frequently was a thrombus of the lower vena cava, in the urinary bladder carcinoma that of femoral veins, in prostate gland carcinoma that of the small pelvis veins. Among the causes of death in renal carcinoma, tumor embolism of the pulmonary artery was observed in 7 (0.6%) cases. PMID- 6661079 TI - [Pathologic anatomy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in children]. AB - Examinations of 143 autopsy observations of P. aeruginosa infection in children were performed. Among them, 119 patients had pneumonia, 16 affections of the alimentary tract, 8 sepsis with various localizations of the primary focus. Morphologically the affected organs presented foci of necrosis of different size with tremendous numbers of bacteria, poor leukocyte reaction, and deep circulatory disorders in the periphery. A more manifest leukocyte infiltration in foci of lesions was observed in the cases where other bacterial microflora, in addition to P. aeruginosa, was present. P. aeruginosa isolated from the organs of dead children, as a rule, belonged to immune type 1 or 2 (according to Fisher's scheme). Microbiological studies on these strains showed the most marked necrotic changes to have been caused by microbes having such factors of pathogenicity as protease and plasmocoagulase. PMID- 6661080 TI - [Writing a scientific paper. V. - The case report]. PMID- 6661081 TI - [Changes in the genesis and heart conduction systems in the acute phase of human Chagas' disease]. PMID- 6661082 TI - [Behavior of creatine kinase and its MB fraction in serum after an ergometric test]. PMID- 6661083 TI - [The ergometric test in the acute phase of non-complicated myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6661084 TI - [Comparative study of the Master test and the ergometric test in patients with chronic coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 6661085 TI - [Myocardial protection in cardiac surgery. Comparison of 2 cardioplegic solutions]. PMID- 6661086 TI - [Aortic valve replacement in acute infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 6661087 TI - [Traumatic coronary arteriovenous fistula. A case report]. PMID- 6661088 TI - [Infarction of the right ventricle]. PMID- 6661089 TI - Clinical applications of Doppler echocardiography combined with two-dimensional cardiac imaging--a review. PMID- 6661090 TI - [Echo and phonocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function before and after the oral administration of pindolol. Study in patients with primary arterial hypertension of mild and moderate degree]. PMID- 6661091 TI - [Critical analysis of the treatment of gastric ulcer by proximal gastric vagotomy]. AB - In the surgical treatment of gastric ulcer (G,U,), the same techniques have been employed as have been used in duodenal ulcer (D.U.). This correspondence also holds true with superselective vagotomy and proximal gastric vagotomy (P.G.V.). The technique was primarily indicated in the treatment of D.U. and had very exciting preliminary results, above all owing to its reduced morbidity both immediately and late after surgery, and to its almost null mortality. With a view to analyzing the results of the use of P.G.V. in the treatment of gastric ulcer, thirteen patients were operated upon who were bearers of G.U. not associated with D.U. nor prepyloric ulcer. There were no operating accidents or immediate post operative complications, nor was there any mortality. In the post-operative period following lasting an average of 17.7 months, we observed the clinical manifestation of the ulcer and symptoms accompaning the operation in addition to performing endoscopy on all of the patients. Eight patients were absolutely asymptomatic after surgery; one had slight dysphagia that diminished about 3 months after P.G.V. Three patients had recurrence of the symptoms of ulcer and one complained of intense epigastric fullness, vomting, weight loss, and a crisis of diarrhea. Radiologic and endoscopic examinations showed that this last patient had hypotonia and marked gastric stasis that were corrected surgically by means of antrectomy and the reconstitution of GI tract by the BI technique, with good results. In three patients endoscopy showed postoperative recurrence of the G.U., one of whom is assymptomatic with the clinical treatment; the other two were submitted to antrectomy with BI anastomosis in one and a 2/3 gastrectomy with BI reconstruction in the other. The cure of the lesion in 23% of the cases in the post-operative follow-up lasting an average of 17.7 months permits us henceforward to contra-indicate the P.G.V. used per se for the treatment of G.U. PMID- 6661092 TI - [Bacteriology of the bile in cholecystopathies. Radiological association]. AB - A clinicobacteriological survey was undertaken in 55 patients undergoing biliary surgery, because of chronic and acute cholecystitis. Some radiological preoperative and operative aspects were analised in order to detect any relation of these aspects with biliary tract infection. The bile cultures were positive in 34,5% and 20,0% for aerobes an anaerobes microorganisms respectively. The microorganisms most frequently isolated were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Bacteroides sp and Clostridium sp, as aerobian and anaerobian. The statistical analysis showed significance between the presence of bacteria in the biliary tract and pathological operative cholangiography. It had not significance with the radiological preoperative aspects. PMID- 6661094 TI - Segmental absence of contraction in the upper third of the esophagus. AB - In a manometric study of esophageal motility, segmental absence of contraction was encountered in the upper third of the esophagus in five patients, although only two of them had complained about dysphagia. If the manometric patterns were identical in the patients with and without dysphagia, it is difficult to explain this symptom in all the cases. PMID- 6661095 TI - [Neurovascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia. Analysis of 70 cases]. AB - This paper analyses the surgical findings and results obtained with the neurovascular decompression technique in the treatment of 70 patients with essential trigeminal neuralgia. Except for 3 patients in whom nothing was found, vessels were seen touching or compressing the nerve root in all the other patients, being the arteries responsible for the pain in 73% of the cases. The surgical results improved with the increased familiarity of the technique, being of 73% the excellent results obtained in the first group of 23 patients, and 95% in the remaining two groups. Only 3 patients were lost in the follow-up which ranged from 2 months to 4 years. Recurrences occurred in 4 patients. There were no important complications except for a death from a post-operative gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Our results and those published in the literature confirm that neurovascular decompression is a safe procedure in experienced hands, and that it should be the chosen method in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in order to preserve the sensibility of the face. PMID- 6661096 TI - [Contraceptive methods and epilepsy. Consideration on its physiopathogenesis]. AB - The authors present six cases of patients with catamenial epilepsy, that use contraceptive methods (hormonal and intrauterine device). A critical report of the physiopathogenic aspects of hormones and epilepsy is also made. The authors conclude that: 1 - It seems there is no doubt about the influence of sexual hormones in epilepsy. 2 - There is no previsibility about the consequence of the use of contraceptives (hormonal and IUD) in patients with catamenial epilepsy. 3 Further studies are still necessary to demonstrate the risk factors of contraceptive methods in epileptic patients. PMID- 6661093 TI - Regeneration of esophageal epithelium in the presence of gastroesophageal reflux. AB - The esophageal mucosa in twelve dogs was excised from the distal third of the esophagus together with a surgical procedure to provoke gastroesophageal reflux. A longitudinal segment containing all the layers of the wall of the esophagogastric junction was removed intraoperatively in all dogs. It was determined that in this segment, the transition of the columnar and squamous epithelia and the apex of the inferior sphincter of the esophagus, which is perfectly individualized in the dog except for few variations, were at the same level. During the postoperative period, the dogs were randomly divided into two groups according to the time of sacrifice. Group I was killed after 30 days and Group II after 60. Serial sections of the autopsy specimen were taken at the level of the esophagogastric junction, in order to determine the way in which the esophageal epithelium regenerates in the presence of gastroesophageal reflux. The apex of the inferior sphincter of the esophagus was used as a fixed parameter of the esophagogastric transition, even in the absence of its epithelial lining. Postoperatively the dogs presented varying lengths of the inferior third of the esophagus relined with columnar epithelium. The epithelium originates either from the gastric epithelium itself, or from the ducts of the submucosal glands of the esophagus. The histologic aspect of the regenerated columnar epithelium varied from simple columnar epithelium to a well-differentiated epithelium resembling gastric mucosa. These studies reinforce the concept that columnar epithelium lining the terminal esophagus may be acquired due to reepithelization in an acid medium, of a previously injured esophageal epithelium. PMID- 6661097 TI - [Incidence of neurosyphilis and incidence of its clinical forms 1962-1981]. AB - After 1950 it was observed an increase in the incidence of syphilis in the general population and this fact determined an investigation in order to evaluate the possible repercussion of this occurrence on the central nervous system, as an after effect of the elevated incidence. However, in this first study it was verified that there was a progressive and marked decrease of the neurosyphilis incidence in the 1936-1964 period, and that the frequency of meningovascular forms of the disease had increased lately in regard to the parenchymatous forms. The aim of the present work has been the continuation of this study after so many years. The material for this survey consisted of the clinical records of 148 patients picked out from 34.430 cases seen at the Neurological Department of Escola Paulista de Medicina (Sao Paulo, Brasil), during the 1962-1981 period, i.e., on twenty consecutive years. The results of this complementary investigation have shown instead that the incidence of neurosyphilis remained steady, changing very little every year, with an incidence at the rate of about 1:200. On the other hand, the frequency of the clinical forms of neurosyphilis changed very much. The usual forms such as general paresis and tabes are now scant and the observation of the uncommon forms, seldom seen in the past, is now progressively increasing through the years, so that they are the preponderant clinical forms today. PMID- 6661098 TI - [Neurological and cerebrospinal fluid evaluation in children with serogroup A meningococcal meningitis]. AB - Our aim is to present the results obtained from the evaluation of the neurological examination as well as chemical and cytologic data from the CSF obtained at the admission and discharge of 255 children aged between zero and 12 years with a diagnosis of serogroup A meningococcal meningitis made at the Hospital Emilio Ribas in Sao Paulo, Brasil, in the years of 1976 and 1977. By the time of their admission, 27 patients (10,59%) showed positive neurologic findings besides meningeal signs. Seizures were the most common ones, with higher incidence in children under 13 months; ataxia, deafness, motor deficits, neuro psychomotor involution, subdural effusions and disturbed behavior followed in that order. Subdural effusions were found only in those under 13 months. A fatal outcome was registered in eleven (4,31%) patients, of which nine died in the first 24 hours after admission. By the time of hospital discharge 14 patients (5,49%) had neurological abnormalities, deafness and ataxia being the most common ones, in the older patients. Under 13 months, developmental involution predominated. There is no need of CSF evaluation for antibiotic therapy interruption in patients with meningococcal meningitis. PMID- 6661099 TI - [Effects of barbexaclone on the electroencephalogram, motor activity and experimental convulsions]. AB - We made a comparative study between the action of barbexaclone and phenobarbital on the electroencephalographic pattern, on the convulsive threshold in rats submitted to continuous venous infusion of 4 mg/kg/min of cardiazol (CDZ) and on the motor activity on the mouse. The barbexaclone didn't alter the electroencephalographic pattern of the rat and its anticonvulsive activity was demonstrated by the increase of the convulsive threshold from 66.0 +/- 8.3 mg/kg to 111.2 +/- 12.75 mg/kg. This increase was similar to that produced by 3.0 mg/kg of phenobarbital. Because the relation between the anticonvulsive doses is of 1:1,4 and in 100 mg of barbexaclone there are only 60 mg of phenylethylbarbituric acid, we conclude that barbexaclone has an equivalent anticonvulsive effect as phenobarbital, with less alterations of the motor activity. PMID- 6661100 TI - [Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. Clinical and laboratory study of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of Sjogren-Larsson syndrome are reported. In analysing the clinical symptoms and laboratory data the authors established the diagnosis of this rare entity which has an autosomal recessive kind of inheritance. PMID- 6661101 TI - [Familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis. Report of 2 cases in one family]. AB - The authors present two cases of a very rare condition known as familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis. The patients, mother and daughter, were 28 and 8 years old and the disease started when they were 6 and 2 year-old, respectively. The paroxystic involuntary movements were generalized, producing speech and gait disturbances, without any impairment of consciousness. The duration of the episodes lasted 30 to 180 minutes. The paroxysmals occasionally could be triggered by physical stress or alcohol intake. The neurological examination and the electroencephalogram during free intervals were normal. Searching the available literature these two cases could be classified as belonging to the same form described by Mount and Reback, in 1940. PMID- 6661103 TI - [Vogt-Koyanagi syndrome. Report of a case in a pregnant woman]. AB - A 28 year old pregnant woman with Vogt-Koyanagi syndrome is reported. Despite the use of steroid therapy, she became blind. She delivered a boy Apgar 8. The newborn developed a meningoencephalitis in the nursery and died two years later with evidence of cerebral palsy. Correlation between both mother and son disease has not been found. PMID- 6661102 TI - [Myopathy due to carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency. Report of 2 cases with enzymatic analyses on muscle tissue]. AB - We describe two brothers, 25 and 19 years-old, with muscle pain and decreased strength after prolonged exercise; these symptoms are worsened by cold whether of fasting. One of the patients developed recurrent myoglobinuria and had one episode of renal failure. Laboratory investigations were normal between the crises, but during myoglobinuria, serum creatine kinase activity increased 100 times. Electromyography was suggestive of denervation. Muscle biopsy showed increased lipid droplets by the "oil red O" stain and increased activity of succinic dehydrogenase histochemical reaction. Lactate production during ischemia was normal. Biochemical analysis showed decreased carnitine-palmityl-transferase activity in muscle (7.23 and 10.58 nmoles/min/gr; normal range 66.7 +/- 17.3), with normal values for carnitine-octanoyl-transferase and carnitine-acetyl transferase. The metabolic pathway of fatty acid utilization as an energy source for muscle during exercise in normal and in pathological conditions is discussed. PMID- 6661104 TI - [Eosinophilic meningomyelitis. Report of a case]. AB - A 31 years old man who developed paraplegia due to a meningomyelitis is reported. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed 116 white cells with 57% eosinophils. On the 79th day the patient died from pulmonary embolism. On post mortem examination no eosinophilic infiltrations was found. However, a detailed histologic examination was not performed. PMID- 6661106 TI - Appendicectomy: a private hospital audit. PMID- 6661105 TI - [Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Report of a case]. AB - A case of hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia (HHT) or Rendu-Osler-Weber disease with neurological involvement is reported. The patient presented a diffuse cortical dysfunction with seizures after a gastric haemorrhage disturbance. The authors could not find vascular malformations of brain or pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF), so a anoxic encephalopathy followed a shock or a microangiopathic dysfunction is postulated. The main neurological manifestations of HHT are discussed, emphasizing in the first place the role of the PAVF on the genesis of cerebral hypoxemia and brain abscess and occasionally a cerebral thrombosis caused by polycythemia and in the second place the vascular malformations of brain and spinal cord. The portal-systemic encephalopathy may also occur as a neurological complication in few cases. PMID- 6661107 TI - A review of failure to obtain autopsy. PMID- 6661108 TI - Peer review: what's in the name? PMID- 6661109 TI - Lack of protection for confidentiality of peer review records in court. PMID- 6661111 TI - Quality of medical care: AMA response to ministerial statements. PMID- 6661110 TI - Legal aspects of peer review. A point of view. PMID- 6661112 TI - The results of an audit of primary appendicectomy in two Australian states. PMID- 6661113 TI - The effect of cerebral ischemia on the ultrastructure of the hypothalamo neurohypophysial system of the mongolian gerbil. The supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. AB - The results of ultrastructural studies of the nucleus supraopticus (SON) and n. paraventricularis (PVN) of male mongolian gerbils subjected to experimental cerebral ischemia induced by 10 min bilateral occlusion of the common carotids are reported. Marked alterations concerned endocrine neurons, some neurosecretory axons and synaptic terminals as well as astroglia cells. Basing on the electron density of cytoplasmic ground, two varieties of endocrine neurons, that is 'light' and 'intermediate', were designated in both SON and PVN nuclei. These findings suggest that during cerebral ischemia the SON and PVN neurons become activated (Golgi complex and granular endoplasmic reticulum enlargement) and that they represent different phases of secretory cycle of a single cell type. However, in SON nucleus some neurons were probably damaged because they had the appearance of decidedly 'dark' cells. With respect to some neurosecretory axons, the finding of externally lying lamellar whorls indicates ischemic injury of the axons. Similar significance may be attributed to some synaptic terminals which showed an increased polymorphism of synaptic vesicles and vesicular aggregation. There was marked swelling of perivascular astroglia cells and change of their cytoplasm in both SON and PVN nuclei. Moreover, the swollen astroglia cells contacted those 'dark' neurons in SON nucleus. The present study indicates that SON and PVN nuclei are highly sensitive to application of cerebral ischemia. At the same time perivascular injury may suggest involvement of astroglia cells in the production of subsequent changes in the SON and PVN neuropil. PMID- 6661114 TI - The effect of cerebral ischemia on the ultrastructure of the hypothalamo neurohypophysial system of the mongolian gerbil. The neurohypophysial axons and pituicytes. AB - The results of ultrastructural studies of the neurohypophysial axons and pituicytes of male mongolian gerbils subjected to experimental cerebral ischemia induced by 10 min bilateral occlusion of the common carotids are reported. In gerbils with cerebral ischemia some neurohypophysial axons were well preserved and, as regards ultrastructural organization, did not differ from the control animals. Some axons showed ultrastructural changes. They were characterized by depletion of dense cored neurosecretory granules and the appearance of optically empty vesicles. These suggest the increased secretion of neurohypophysial hormones. Moreover, the findings of intra-axonal large multilamellar bodies and externally lying tightly arranged lamellar whorls (similar to myelin sheath) were linked with simultaneous obliteration of the primary structure of certain axons. The neurohypophysis of the animals subjected to cerebral ischemia revealed the presence of 'light' ('fibrillar') and 'dark' pituicytes. The 'light' cells were characterized by large Golgi complex and the presence of fine fibrilles or fibrillar bundles which occupied a large cytoplasmic area of the cell body or of the processes. The finding of accumulated fibrilles suggests the ischemia damage of the cells. The 'dark' cells revealed the presence of dense cytoplasmic ground and the lobulated nucleus. In these cells ribosomes were predominant. The mitochondria were swollen in both varieties of pituicytes, arbitrarily designated here as 'light' ('fibrillar') and 'dark'. The results of the present study, therefore, indicate a functional susceptibility of neurosecretory axons and pituicytes to haemodynamic disturbances associated with bilateral cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6661115 TI - Shoe dermatitis. PMID- 6661116 TI - Fluctuations in antibody levels in infection with Treponema pertenue. A four-year follow-up of Karkar islanders with early yaws. PMID- 6661117 TI - The prevalence and accuracy of diagnosis of non-melanotic skin cancer in Victoria. PMID- 6661118 TI - Epithelioma cuniculatum. PMID- 6661119 TI - Nail growth in Antarctic regions. PMID- 6661120 TI - Procedures for the measurement of acute mountain sickness. AB - Although acute mountain sickness (AMS) has been studied for well over a century, a standard measure or index of the degree of illness for use in experimental research does not exist. This paper outlines a definition and procedures for an operational measurement of AMS using the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ). After 58 men completed over 650 ESQs during a stay of 1-3 weeks atop Pike's Peak (4300 m), factor analysis produced nine distinct symptom groups, with two factors representing AMS. The first factor contains symptoms indicative of cerebral hypoxia and is labeled AMS-C. The second reflects respiratory distress and is called AMS-R. Signal detection theory was used to establish a criterion score value for each factor. Standard deviation values were used to derive indices of sickness severity. Discussion is given to the possible relationships between the two types of AMS and the more serious conditions of cerebral and pulmonary edema. PMID- 6661121 TI - Simulating certain aspects of hypogravity: effects on bone maturation in the non weight bearing skeleton. AB - This study reports the effects of simulation of certain aspects of hypogravity (via partial skeletal unloading) on the growth and maturation of the non-weight bearing mandibles of 41-d and 1-yr-old rats. Partial skeletal unloading was effected by elevating the hindquarters (PULEH), and this simulation was controlled with normally loaded animals fed either ad libitum or the average amount of food consumed by the the experimental group (group-mean fed). The chemical status of the mandibles after 10 d or 14 d PULEH closely resembled that of control rats. The younger PULEH rats and their group-mean fed controls demonstrated a trend toward impaired maturation of mineral and matrix moieties; yet the concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) expressed as a ratio to collagen hydroxyproline content were normally distributed within a density gradient profile which separates the mineral and matrix moieties into various age dependent fractions. These data demonstrate that 10 d or 14 d PULEH in young or old rats, respectively, is not sufficient to elicit the maturation deficit observed in the mandibles of rats flown for 18.5 d in the Soviet Biosatellite Cosmos-1129. Unless the duration of PULEH is critical, the cephalad fluid shift which is common to PULEH and spaceflight animals cannot be solely responsible for the flight-induced maturation deficit. Because the mandibles of the PULEH rats remain antigravity-postured, the results emphasize the importance of gravity unloading to the impairment of mandibular bone matrix/mineral maturation during spaceflight. Decreased gravity and, hence, gravity unloading cannot be mimicked in ground-based models of hypokinesia. PMID- 6661122 TI - Relationship between rat heat stress mortality and alterations in reticuloendothelial carbon clearance function. AB - It has recently been reported that, although bacterial endotoxins of intestinal origin are not associated with death after experimental rat heat stress, a state of endotoxin tolerance significantly decreases the heat stress mortality rate. To determine if this phenomenon were associated with the ability of endotoxins to stimulate clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), the relationship between rat heat stress mortality and carbon clearance by the RES was examined. RES carbon clearance was stimulated by prior treatment with endotoxin, zymosan, or sublethal heat stress, as indicated by the significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) blood carbon concentrations 15 min after carbon injections. Prior treatment with injections of gelatin blocked RES carbon clearance. Rats subjected to endotoxin or sublethal heat treatment were significantly (p less than 0.05) resistant to the experimental heat stress, whereas zymosan treatment had no effect. Blockade of the RES with gelatin significantly (p less than 0.05) increased the heat stress mortality rate. These data compare favorably with previously reported studies evaluating RES function and mortality after experimental injury and shock and indicate that the RES may play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of, and tolerance to, experimental heat stress. PMID- 6661123 TI - Evoked potential studies of the effects of impact acceleration on the motor nervous system. AB - The initial results of a continuing investigation into the effects of various levels of impact acceleration on the functional integrity of the motor nervous system are summarized. The results are based on the measurement of alterations in neural transmission along the motor pathway of the Rhesus monkey as revealed by latency and amplitude changes in the motor pathway evoked potential (EP) following the delivery of various levels of impact acceleration to a test vehicle. The EPs were produced by electrical stimulation of and recording from the motor pathway of experimental animals subjected to -Y (lateral impact) acceleration and animals subjected to -X (frontal impact) acceleration. High resolution latency and amplitude measures of the EP recorded from these animals before and after impact were tracked so that the time course of recovery of nerve propagation following impact could be accurately assessed. Analysis of these EP measures revealed that the time course of recovery to preimpact values is directly related to the intensity of the acceleration impulse delivered to the test vehicle. PMID- 6661124 TI - Non-ejection cervical spine fracture due to defensive aerial combat maneuvering in an RF-4C: a case report. AB - An unusual case report is presented describing an incident in which an RF-4C instructor pilot fractured three cervical vertebrae after impacting the rear canopy top during a negative G defensive maneuver. The pilot subsequently developed an incomplete tetraparesis later in flight and the aircraft had to be recovered by the front seat pilot. No similar cases have ever been reported to the USAF Safety Center or described in the aviation literature. PMID- 6661125 TI - The aviator after Nissen repair: gas bloat and other perils. AB - The postoperative experiences of a high-performance pilot who underwent Nissen fundoplication for reflux esophagitis illustrate two important points concerning return to flying duties. Both the gas bloat syndrome and obstructive phenomena are potential sequelae to surgery. Both have obvious implications for flight personnel. A logical approach for flight medical officers is presented. PMID- 6661126 TI - Total colectomy with mucosal protectomy and ileoanal anastomosis--an important surgical option in the aviator with premalignant disease of the colon. AB - Total proctocolectomy with cutaneous ileostomy has been the standard therapy for many years for premalignant mucosal diseases of the colon, such as ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis. While this procedure relieves the patient of the risk of malignancy, it leaves him with the problem of the management of the ileostomy as well as exposing him to the risk of damage to the nerve supply of the bladder and genitalia during the dissection. Within the military population, the ileostomy is a particularly devastating problem as it disqualifies the individual from worldwide duty and requires him to meet a Medical Evaluation Board for discharge from the service. Over the last several years, total colectomy with mucosal proctectomy and ileoanal anastomosis (TCMPIA) has emerged as a viable surgical alternative in these conditions. The benefits of this procedure in the military population are multiple. It allows the individual to continue on active duty, fulfilling his desire to pursue his career as well as keeping the position filled for the military. The time and cost of a medical board are avoided, the military's investment in the individual's training is protected, and the need to train a new individual for the position is avoided. PMID- 6661128 TI - US/USSR space biology and medicine. PMID- 6661127 TI - Spacelab mission 4--the first dedicated life sciences mission. AB - Spacelab is a large, versatile laboratory carried in the bay of the Shuttle Orbiter. The first Spacelab mission dedicated entirely to life sciences is Spacelab-4. It is scheduled for launch in late 1985 and will remain aloft for 7 d. All of the investigations are currently classified as "tentatively selected," with "final selection" and confirmation planned for late 1983. The 24 tentatively selected investigations have been combined into a comprehensive, integrated exploration of the effects of acute weightlessness as living systems. An emphasis is placed on studying physiological changes previously observed in manned space flight. This payload has complementary designs in both human and animal investigations in order to validate animal models of human physiology in weightlessness. The experimental subjects include humans, squirrel monkeys, laboratory rats, two species of plants, and frog eggs. The primary scientific objectives include study of the acute cephalic fluid shift, cardiovascular adaptation to weightlessness (including postflight reductions in orthostatic tolerance and exercise capacity), and changes in vestibular function (including space motion sickness), associated with weightlessness. Secondary scientific objectives include the study of red cell mass reduction, negative nitrogen balance, altered calcium metabolism, suppressed in vitro lymphocyte reactivity, gravitropism and phototropism in plants, and fertilization and early development in frog eggs. The rationale behind this payload, the selection process, and details of the individual investigations are presented in this paper. PMID- 6661129 TI - US/USSR space biology and medicine. PMID- 6661130 TI - Central circulation of a normal man during 7-day head-down tilt and decompression of various body parts. AB - The effect of 7-d head-down tilt (-15 degrees) and decompression of various body parts (lower body--LBNP, upper body in the area of the hydrostatically indifferent point--UBNP, and local negative pressure applied to both calves--LNP) on central circulation was investigated on eight healthy test subjects who, for 10 d, had catheters (Swan-Ganz) implanted into the pulmonary and radial arteries. It was shown that, when calculated by square centimeter of the decompression area, the effect of UBNP on central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was 3-4 times greater than that of LBNP or LNP. This indicates a high sensitivity of this body part to the exposure. During the 7-d study, CVP and PAP showed the most distinct changes. By the 7th hour of the head-down tilt study, CVP remained unchanged and systolic PAP increased by 5.5 mm Hg (27%) (p less than 0.05). This was paralleled by a decrease of plasma aldosterone and renin. By the 2nd day of the study, CVP and PAP were close to the pretest level; on the 3rd day, they began to decline and remained about 3 mm Hg lower than the pretest values to the end of the study (p less than 0.05). During this same period, the contractility of the right heart (the mean rate of right ventricular pressure increment) decreased by 34% (p less than 0.05) and its work by 27% (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661131 TI - Man in space: an overview. PMID- 6661132 TI - Medical results of Salyut-6 manned space flights. AB - The major goal of medical investigations in the USSR longterm (up to 6 months) manned space flights was to accumulate information on human responses to prolonged weightlessness. Before, during and after these flights, detailed clinical, physiological, immunological and anthropometric examinations were conducted. The examinations demonstrated that man may well adapt to long-term space flight, retaining good health and a high work capacity. The changes seen postflight were reversible and disappeared completely after a relatively short readaptation period. Postflight changes did not correlate with the flight duration. A reasonable work-rest cycle and various physiological countermeasures were used, the efficiency of which were substantiated by means of regular medical examinations. These methods helped the cosmonauts to maintain good health status and adequate performance inflight and facilitated their readaptation postflight. Medical investigations performed during the Salyut-6 flights indicate that the duration of manned space flight can be increased. PMID- 6661133 TI - Biomedical results of the Space Shuttle orbital flight test program. AB - On July 4, 1982, the Space Shuttle Columbia landed at Edwards Air Force Base, CA, thus successfully completing the fourth and last in a series of Orbital Flight Tests (OFT) of the Space Transportation System (STS). The primary goal of medical operations support for the OFT was to assure the health and well-being of flight personnel during all phases of the mission. To this end, crew health status was evaluated preflight, inflight, and postflight. Biomedical flight test requirements were completed in the following areas: physiological adaptation to microgravity, cabin acoustical noise, cabin atmospheric evaluation, radiation dosimetry, crew exercise equipment evaluation, and a cardiovascular deconditioning countermeasure assessment. PMID- 6661134 TI - Medical results from STS 1-4: analysis of body fluids. AB - Venous blood was drawn from the eight crewmembers of Space Shuttle flights STS-1 through STS-4 three times before lift-off and twice after landing, and the characteristics of biochemical blood components were evaluated. Twenty-four-hour urine pools were collected 30 d before flight and on landing day or day 4 after landing, and electrolytes, selected hormones and other components were measured. The results indicated that, although fluid and electrolyte loss occur during space flight, conservation of these substances is begun almost immediately upon cessation of weightlessness. Enzyme and hormone measurements indicated that landing may have caused some stress on crewmembers. PMID- 6661135 TI - Human cellular immune responsiveness following space flight. AB - Peripheral circulating lymphocytes were separated from astronaut blood samples three times before and two times after the first four US Space Shuttle flights. The ability of the in vitro T lymphocytes to respond to Phytohemagglutinin by blastogenesis was found to be reduced for each crewmember following spaceflight. In addition, the astronauts experienced a postflight increase in neutrophils and a decrease in eosinophils. These postflight changes in leukocytes are shown to increase with subjectively-evaluated increases in the incidence of inflight stress, indicating that stress, and not hypogravity, is likely to be the major effector of these changes. PMID- 6661136 TI - Future thrusts in life sciences experimentation in space. PMID- 6661137 TI - Toxicological evaluation of the Columbia spacecraft. AB - Atmospheric contamination of spacecraft cabins has been a toxicological concern since this country began its efforts in manned space flight (1). Procedures have been developed and utilized for determining the identities and quantities of contaminant gases present in the cabin. Methods have also been developed for assessing and controlling the trace gas contaminant buildup within the closed cabins. Although more than 100 contaminant gases have been detected in the Shuttle cabin, for the most part the concentrations of these gases have been maintained below a toxicity hazard level. PMID- 6661138 TI - Concepts for NASA longitudinal health studies. AB - Clinical data collected from a 15-year study of the homogeneous group of pre Shuttle astronauts have revealed no significant long-term effects from spaceflight. The current hypothesis suggests that repeated exposures to the space environment in the Shuttle era will similarly have no long-term health effects. However, a much more heterogeneous group of astronauts and non-astronaut scientists will fly in Shuttle, and data on this group's adaptation to the space environment and readaptation to Earth are currently sparse. In addition, very little information is available concerning the short- and long-term medical consequences of long duration exposure to space and subsequent readaptation to the Earth environment. In this paper, retrospective clinical information on astronauts is reviewed and concepts for conducting epidemiological studies examining long-term health effects of spaceflight on humans, including associated occupational risks factors, are presented. PMID- 6661139 TI - A learned change of response to inedible food in Aplysia. AB - Aplysia fasciata attempt to bite and swallow food wrapped in a plastic net, tasting food through holes in the net. Net-enclosed food cannot be swallowed, and becomes cyclically lodged and pushed out of the buccal cavity. Aplysia gradually modify their response to this food, and eventually cease to respond. Twenty-four hours following training, memory is maintained, as shown by savings upon retraining. An essential component of the behavioral plasticity is food becoming stuck within the buccal cavity: when the lips are stimulated without allowing food to enter the buccal cavity, animals stop responding, but training takes longer, and memory is not retained. Savings upon retraining are contingent upon temporal pairing of food upon the lips and stimuli from within the buccal cavity: when lip stimuli and the experience of food stuck within the buccal cavity occur sequentially (rather than simultaneously), 24 hr later, animals are not significantly different from naive subjects. PMID- 6661140 TI - Conditions necessary to the establishment of mating dominance by the male hamster. AB - We tested whether establishment of a dominance hierarchy among four males will ensure the dominant male preferential mating access to a single female. Establishment of the dominance hierarchy in the absence of a female did not result in any competitive mating advantage for the dominant male in terms of mating priority or total number of intromissions. However, establishment of the dominance hierarchy in the presence of a female, with interactions between the males and female occurring throughout the 4-day estrous cycle prior to the female becoming receptive resulted in the dominant male having a clear mating priority. Under these conditions the dominant male achieved more intromissions than the three subordinate males combined. Thus, male dominance status can affect mating success; however, it appears that interaction with the female as well as with other males prior to the onset of receptivity by the female is essential for assurance of a clear mating priority. PMID- 6661141 TI - The rate of scent marking by male rats and consequent olfactory preferences of female rats. AB - An experiment is reported designed to test the hypothesis that female rats might discriminate between males that differed in the quantity of odor deposited by scent marking. Male odor donors were selected by prior screening for high or low rates of scent marking in an open arena. Females were then tested to determine whether they showed any preference for males that marked at a high rate. It was found that female rats did discriminate, but that they preferred to remain near males selected for low rates of scent marking. PMID- 6661142 TI - Ultrasonic vocalizations during sex behavior of male house mice (Mus musculus): a description. AB - After placing a female house mouse into the home cage of a male, the occurrences of four behaviors were recorded on separate channels of an event recorder: (1) male sniffing female, (2) male mounting female, (3) male intromitting female, and (4) 70-kHz vocalizations. The amount of vocalizing was greatest shortly after pairing and was associated with the male sniffing the female. After the male began mounting, vocalizations also were associated with mounting. Vocalizations were recorded during intromissions and occasionally occurred coincident with pelvic thrusts. Very few vocalizations were detected when the male was not sniffing or mounting the female. Vocalizations ceased following ejaculation but typically resumed several minutes before the resumption of another mounting sequence. Thus 70-kHz vocalizations appear to be closely linked to male sexual arousal. PMID- 6661143 TI - Perseverative effects of parabrachial lesions: a mechanism of reduced activation? AB - The acquisition of a spatial reversal task and two reversals of it and the acquisition of an active two-way avoidance task were tested in three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats: two experimental and one control group. The experimental group received chemical lesions of the parabrachial nuclei (group NPB) or of the dorsal hippocampus (group HC), using ibotenic acid. (Ibotenic acid is a compound which, contrary to kainic acid, fails to produce distant lesions, but, in conformity with kainic acid, spares the majority if not all fibers of passage.) The control group (group CG) received injections of the vehicle solution only. Animals of group NPB, in comparison to those of the other two groups, acquired the reversal task more quickly, but in the acquisition of its two reversals they needed considerably more time and made more perseverative errors. Likewise, only group NPB was significantly impaired in the acquisition of the avoidance task. From these results and from available evidence on connections of the parabrachial neurons with regions specifically involved in variables of the tested tasks (such as the prefrontal cortex), it is concluded that the parabrachial region exerts an activating influence on forebrain areas. PMID- 6661145 TI - Amphetamine, conditioned stimulus, and nondebilitating preshock effects on activity and avoidance: further evidence for interactions between associative and nonassociative changes. AB - A literature survey and preliminary experiments with rats on the consequences of shock preexposure on subsequent activity and escape or avoidance showed the need for further work on the interactions between nondebilitating preshock and various test and treatment factors. The two main experiments used 16 preexposure conditions, namely, presence or absence of unavoidable punishment (36 shocks of 2.5 mA and 5 sec subdivided in three daily sessions), a light CS, a central partition in the shuttle-box, and dl-amphetamine sulfate (1 mg/kg ip 15 min before each session). In both experiments the four factors studied exerted more than additive effects on activity in preexposure sessions, leading to a very high frequency of crossing in the CS-shock-no-partition-drug condition. Upon retesting for activity (Experiment 1) suppression of locomotion by prior shock was less marked in animals preexposed to CS-US pairings in the absence of partition, while proactive amphetamine effects consisted mainly of a progressive increase of activity over successive retest sessions in the groups not preshocked. Upon retesting for light-cued, two-way avoidance acquisition (Experiment 2) the groups preexposed to US only were mostly retarded, while those preexposed to paired CS and US were mostly facilitated. Other changes, including drug pretreatment consequences, were negligible or unsystematic, but in general the data showed that the effects of various preexposure conditions on activity could not account for those on avoidance. Overall, it appears that the interactions between nondebilitating preshock and other test and treatment factors can be further exploited to clarify the respective roles of various associative and nonassociative mechanisms in modulation of activity and adaptive responding in aversive situations. PMID- 6661144 TI - Proactive behavioral effects of theta-blocking septal stimulation in the rat. AB - The induction of hippocampal theta rhythm using low-frequency septal stimulation has been shown to proactively (1) facilitate the acquisition and (2) increase resistance to extinction of a food-rewarded fixed-ratio (FR) bar-press response (Holt & Gray, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 35B, 97-118, 1983). Both (1) and (2) are also seen after septal lesions. This suggests that Holt and Gray's (1983) results may have been due either to stimulation-produced theta waves (the "theta" hypothesis), or a small septal lesion produced by the stimulating current (the "lesion" hypothesis). Both hypotheses were tested in the present experiment using high-frequency septal stimulation. In one of two treatment conditions male Sprague-Dawley rats, chronically implanted with a bilateral septal stimulating electrode and a unilateral bipolar hippocampal recording electrode, received (1) trains of continuous pulses at 77 Hz which blocked the hippocampal theta rhythm, or (2) trains of pulses at 100 Hz interrupted by a 30-msec interval at a frequency of 7.7 Hz. Control animals were implanted but not stimulated. Acquisition of a discrete-trial bar-press response on a fixed ratio 5 reinforcement schedule immediately followed the treatment phase. After 15 days' acquisition all animals were extinguished over the subsequent 12 days. Results indicated that both types of septal stimulation reduced resistance to extinction of barpressing; theta-blocking stimulation produced the greater effect. Theta-blocking stimulation retarded the acquisition of bar-pressing in the early stages of training. These overall results are exactly opposite to those produced by low-frequency (7.7 Hz) theta-driving septal stimulation (Holt & Gray, 1983) and contrary to the predictions of the lesion hypothesis. Furthermore, these findings support the idea that long-term changes in behavior may depend on stimulation-produced changes in the hippocampal theta rhythm. PMID- 6661146 TI - Aversive smoking therapies: a conditioning analysis of therapeutic effectiveness. PMID- 6661147 TI - Learned helplessness in groups. PMID- 6661148 TI - Acquisition of agoraphobia, mode of onset and anxiety response patterns. PMID- 6661149 TI - Agoraphobia and the hyperventilation syndrome. PMID- 6661150 TI - Dropping out of parent training. PMID- 6661151 TI - Taste familiarity and apomorphine-induced taste aversions in humans. PMID- 6661152 TI - The management of children's distress in response to painful medical treatment for burn injuries. PMID- 6661153 TI - Reliability and validity of the Revised Fear Surgery Schedule for Children (FSSC R). PMID- 6661154 TI - Case histories and shorter communications. Conditioning functional enuresis: follow-up after retraining. PMID- 6661155 TI - Temporal stability of self-report measures in agoraphobia research. PMID- 6661156 TI - Epicardial ECG signals following global myocardial ischaemia. AB - Experiments were performed on 10 dog hearts undergone 15 to 90-minute normothermic arrests and 60-minute reperfusion in a special heart-lung model. The purpose of the experiments was to characterize the global ischaemic effects recorded on epicardial electrograms. The duration of QRS complexes and of RR intervals, the integral of ST segment shifts (sigma ST), the number of points showed ST segment displacements (NoST) and the ST segment isopotential map obtained by computer control were evaluated. Only a minor ST segment deviation, a small increase in duration of QRS complexes and of RR intervals with bradycardia and a tendency to electrical stability were found after global ischaemic influences. These observations indicate that pathological electrical manifestations occurring after a global ischaemia are less serious than those occurring after a focal ischaemia. PMID- 6661157 TI - Investigation of Frank's vectorcardiographic lead system on homogeneous rabbit torso model. AB - The applicability of Frank's lead system in experiments on rabbits is studied by using a homogeneous rabbit torso model. The influence of dipole localization on the modules of the lead vectors at the level of 4th, 5th and 6th intercostal spaces is studied. The lead vector modules along the axes X, Y and Z for the level of the dipole are calculated to be equal to 1:0.99:0.92. The maximum angular errors in the planes XY, XZ and YZ are calculated, being for the same level theta yz = -6 degrees 50', theta xy = theta xz = 0 degrees 00'. The authors have reached the conclusion that Frank's system produces good levelling of the lead vector modules and has satisfactory orthogonality on rabbit torso model. PMID- 6661158 TI - T-2 toxin effect on isolated perfused rat hearts. AB - T-2 toxin is the major lethal component of several Fusarium fungi implicated in the disease of man and animals. We used isolated rats hearts to test the T-2 toxin cardiotoxicity. Electrodynamics and ultrastructural parameters were studied. The main changes consisted of decreased contractility and electrocardiographic abnormalities without much effect on heart rate or QRS and QT intervals. Ultrastructurally, swelling of myofibers and their mitochondria occurred and damage to the plasma membrane was seen. It is possible that the T-2 effect is mediated through soluble thiol to cause cytoplasmic calcium decrease and loss of plasma membrane integrity. PMID- 6661159 TI - Relationship between the in-situ activity of ornithine decarboxylase and contractile function of the rabbit papillary muscle. AB - The relationship between isometric contraction and myocardial ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC.4.1.1.17) activity was studied in right ventricular papillary muscles isolated from rabbits. ODC specific activity and polyamine content were significantly increased in papillary muscles contracting isometrically 90 times per minute at the apex of the length-tension relationship for 4 to 5 hours when compared with paired non-contracting muscles or isometrically contracting muscles stimulated at 30 times per min. The increase in ODC activity appeared to be due to new protein synthesis since cycloheximide blocked the increase in ODC activity without affecting isometric function. Thus, the present results suggest that increased contractile demands of the heart may stimulate the synthesis of myocardial ODC, increase ODC activity and polyamine content. PMID- 6661160 TI - Transmural gradient of coronary blood flow following dihydropyridine calcium antagonists and other vasodilator drugs. AB - The effects of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonists, nifedipine, nitrendipine and FR 7534 on the transmural distribution of coronary blood flow (endo/epi) were compared to the structurally unrelated calcium antagonists, verapamil and diltiazem and to the non-calcium antagonist vasodilator drugs, chromonar and dipyridamole in anesthetized dogs. The increase in transmural blood flow produced by diltiazem, verapamil, chromonar and dipyridamole was equally distributed between subendocardium and subepicardium (no change in endo/epi). On the other hand, the increase in myocardial blood flow produced by the dihydropyridine calcium antagonists nifedipine, nitrendipine and FR 7534 was relatively selective for subepicardial regions resulting in a significant and dose-related decrease in endo/epi. This unusual effect of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonists to produce a redistribution of flow within normal myocardium was not shared by the non-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists or non-calcium antagonist vasodilators studied. The redistribution of flow was not related to changes in heart rate, aortic blood pressure or to the level of total coronary blood flow. Such an effect may be related to the distribution of dihydropyridine receptors across the left ventricular wall, antagonism of the action of adenosine, or changes in regional intramyocardial tissue pressure and extravascular resistance. PMID- 6661161 TI - Reflex effects evoked from the parietal pericardium in the dog: comparison with responses from the visceral pericardium. AB - Experiments were performed on anaesthetized, open-chest dogs to determine the reflex effects on systemic blood pressure and heart rate produced by stimulation of the parietal pericardium with bradykinin and nicotine, and to compare these effects with those evoked by application of these substances to the visceral pericardium (epicardium) of the left ventricle. Bradykinin (0.01-6.0 micrograms) elicited reflex increases in blood pressure and heart rate when applied either to the parietal pericardium or to the ventricular epicardium; the responses evoked from both sites were dose-dependent from the threshold of 0.01 micrograms to a maximum at 1.0 micrograms of bradykinin. The reflex effects of bradykinin were not affected by either vagotomy or phrenic nerve section, but were suppressed by bilateral sectioning of the upper thoracic (T1-T4) white rami communicantes and stellectomy. In contrast to bradykinin, nicotine (20-100 micrograms) failed to produce any change in blood pressure and heart rate when applied to the parietal pericardium and evoked depressor responses when applied to the epicardium of the left ventricle; these depressor effects of nicotine were abolished by vagotomy. The results indicate that sympathetic, but not vagal, afferent endings innervating the parietal pericardium are susceptible to chemical stimulation. Bradykinin is a powerful algesic agent and is formed and released locally during inflammation. We suggest, therefore, that the pericardial sympathetic pressor reflex is nociceptive in nature and can be activated when kinin formation occurs during pericardial inflammation. PMID- 6661162 TI - Light and heavy chains of myosin from atrial and ventricular myocardium of turkey and rat. AB - Subunit composition of myosins from atrial and ventricular cardiac muscle of turkey and rat was examined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis of light chains and by peptide mapping of electrophoretically purified heavy chains. In regard to light subunits in two-dimensional electrophoresis, the corresponding light chains from atrial and ventricular myocardium comigrate in the turkey. By contrast the atrial light chains LC1 and LC2 are easily distinguishable from the corresponding subunits of the ventricles in the rat. The peptide patterns of myosin heavy chains from atrial and ventricular cells were different both in turkey and rat, indicating differences in their primary structures. Therefore atrial and ventricular myosins differ in heavy chains composition in all the avian and mammalian species so far studied, suggesting that this heterogeneity represents a general feature related to the different physiological properties of atrial and ventricular cardiac cells. PMID- 6661163 TI - The effect of a long-acting adenosine analog on blood flow through various organs in the dog. AB - Radioactively labeled microspheres were used to investigate the effect of 2',3' di-O-nitro-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)-adenosine (10 micrograms/kg orally), a long acting adenosine analog, on blood flow through various organs over an experimental period of three hours in conscious dogs. There was a significant increase in myocardial, cerebral, intestinal, and renal cortical blood flow, whereas the flow through skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, and renal medulla was unaffected. The endocardial/epicardial flow ratio, which was more than one under control conditions, decreased significantly. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate remained virtually unchanged. Since the adenosine analog is rapidly and completely denitrated in vivo, the denitration product 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) adenosine, a highly potent adenosine receptor agonist, must be considered as the vasoactive metabolite. PMID- 6661165 TI - [Roentgen study of the clavicle]. PMID- 6661166 TI - [Surgical treatment of recurrent, habitual and permanent shoulder dislocation]. PMID- 6661167 TI - [Surgical treatment of acromioclavicular joint rupture--short and medium-term results]. PMID- 6661164 TI - Relationship between regional myocardial blood flow and mitochondrial function. AB - The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction and the degree plus duration of restricted coronary blood flow. 135 anesthetized and open-chest dogs were divided into 3 groups according to coronary occlusion time: 10, 20, and 60 min. Regional myocardial blood flow (MBF) was determined in both ischemic and nonischemic areas before and during coronary occlusion using the hydrogen gas clearance method. Myocardial mitochondria were prepared from each area in which MBF was determined after 10, 20, or 60 min of coronary ligation, and their respiratory control index (RCI), ADP/O, and rate of oxygen consumption in state III O2 (St. III O2) were measured. The MBF measured in 135 dogs before coronary ligation was 103 +/- 25 ml/min/100 g (mean +/- SD) for the area to be rendered ischemic and 101 +/- 24 ml/min/100 g for the control area. The MBF in the ischemic area did not cease completely following coronary ligation, and the distribution of MBF showed variations which seemed attributable to individual differences. In the 10-min group, no index of mitochondrial function of the ischemic area differed from that of the nonischemic area at any level of MBF. When MBF was less than 20 ml/min/100 g, RCI of mitochondria from the ischemic area was significantly lower than that from the nonischemic area, in the 20- and 60-min groups. When MBF was less than 20 ml/min/100 g, St. III O2 of mitochondria from the ischemic area significantly decreased compared with that from the nonischemic area, in the 20-min group. In the 60-min group, MBF less than 30 ml/min/100 g, St. III O2 of mitochondria from the ischemic area was likewise significantly decreased. Moreover, with MBF below 20 ml/min/100 g, both RCI and St. III O2 of mitochondria from the ischemic area were significantly lower in the 60-min group than in the 20-min group. These results indicate that ischemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction depends on the degree of decrease in the blood flow of the area involved as well as on the duration of ischemia, and the blood flow that is critical for survival, based on mitochondrial function, is approximately 20 ml/min/100 g, i.e., a reduction to 20% of normal value. PMID- 6661168 TI - [Surgical treatment of teat end injuries with severed teat ducts]. PMID- 6661170 TI - [Digitoxin concentration in the blood plasma of cattle following administration of various doses]. PMID- 6661169 TI - [Meat hygiene and feed technology studies of the use of industrially dried laying hen excreta in beef cattle production. 1. Microbiological, feed analysis and residual quality of dried laying-hen excreta and corn silage used as basic feedstuff]. PMID- 6661171 TI - [Experiences with the immobilization of the European otter (Lutra lutra) with ketamine hydrochloride]. PMID- 6661172 TI - [Ascarid larvae-induced liver changes ("milk spots") in swine]. PMID- 6661173 TI - A retrospective serological study of Japanese who contracted dengue fever in Thailand. AB - Between September and November 1981, some members of a survey team from Japan suffered from a febrile illness diagnosed clinically as dengue fever during their stay in a village in Khon-Kaen Province, in the north-eastern part of Thailand. The morbidity rate in the team was as high as 69% (11/16). Blood samples were taken from 12 of the 16 members of the team in February, 1982 in Japan and the serum specimens were examined for antibodies to dengue (DEN), Japanese encephalitis (JE) and yellow fever (YF) viruses respectively. The results of the tests indicated that all 8 members who had had symptoms had been infected with DEN type 1 virus. No case of inapparent infection with dengue viruses was found. Of these 8 persons, seven had had neutralizing (N) antibody to JE virus before infection, but their clinical manifestations had been similar to those of an individual without N antibody to JE virus and were typical symptoms of dengue fever, such as leukopenia and "saddle-back" fever, without hemorrhagic manifestations, as seen from platelet counts and hematocrit values. PMID- 6661174 TI - A simplified procedure for studying mtDNA polymorphisms. PMID- 6661175 TI - Genetic control of ornithine transcarbamylase induction in chick kidney. AB - After ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) induction by egg-yolk feeding, OTC activity increases rapidly in chicks bearing an Ocb gene. This response to an egg yolk diet does not appear in chicks having no Ocb gene (showing low OTC activity). The chicks showing intermediate OTC activity also respond to the diet, but moderately. Crossing experiments revealed that OTC induction by egg yolk-diet feeding is inherited as a simple autosomal dominant trait. Since a chick develops during embryonic life by utilizing egg yolk from the yolk sac, the variation of OTC activity among chicken breeds and within a breed in 2-day-old chicks seems to depend on a genetically controlled difference of inducibility by egg yolk. The Ocb is an autosomal gene which controls the induction of OTC activity, but it is difficult to explain the consistent difference in OTC activity between sexes by involving this gene or this locus alone. PMID- 6661176 TI - Genetic and physiochemical studies on beta-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase in Anopheles albimanus. AB - beta-Hydroxy acid dehydrogenase (beta-Had-2) of Anopheles albimanus was assigned to chromosome 3. The apparent sequence of loci on chromosome 3 is hexokinase-1- 22--stripe--28--beta-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase-2--4--aldehyde oxidase--2- esterase-8--4--esterase-4--?--phosphoglucomutase--?--esterase-6. beta-Hydroxy acid dehydrogenase is 25 and 30 map units from phosphoglucomutase and esterase-6, respectively. The one-band electromorph of beta-Had-2 in homozygotes and the three-band type in heterozygotes suggest that the enzyme is a dimer. A variety of electrophoretic techniques and spectrophotometric analysis were used to determine if the allozymes of beta-Had-2 can be differentiated on a basis other than mobility. No differences were detected among the allozymes on the basis of thermostability, urea denaturation, response to thiol reagents, chelating agents, or changes in coenzyme and substrate concentrations. No heterogeneity within allozymes separated by electrophoresis was detected by using thermostability tests. PMID- 6661177 TI - Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase activity and growth of normal and mutant human fibroblasts: the effect of branched-chain amino acid concentration in culture medium. AB - We investigated changes in cell growth and branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) activity by varying the concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in culture medium of diploid fibroblasts from humans with normal BCKD and with impaired enzyme function. For logarithmic growth the two cell populations required similar minimal concentrations (0.05 mM) for each of leucine, isoleucine, and valine tested together. At confluency (saturation density) mutant cells grew less well to the extent of 30 to 40% in the highest concentrations of BCAAs that could be tested, 20.8 mM. BCKD activity was not changed by growth of normal or mutant cells in the absence of BCAAs. This enzyme activity was increased in normal but not mutant cells by growth in 20.8 mM BCAAs. These studies suggest the following: (1) BCKD mutant fibroblasts in culture slow their growth rate in response to high concentrations of BCAAs; (2) the growth disadvantage for mutant cells in high concentrations of BCAAs may be useful to select for enzyme normal hybrids derived when cells with two different mutations affecting BCKD are fused; (3) the increase of BCKD activity in normal but not mutant cells grown in high concentrations of BCAAs can distinguish these phenotypes more precisely in humans; and (4) the mechanism of BCKD stimulation in normal cells grown in high concentrations of BCAAs remains to be explained but can be pursued further with the cell culture conditions described. PMID- 6661179 TI - Esterase isozymes of Apis mellifera: substrate and inhibition characteristics, developmental ontogeny, and electrophoretic variability. AB - Starch gel electrophoresis utilizing different types of substrates and inhibitors made it possible to detect several esterases in crude extracts of Apis mellifera. Our results suggest that there are six Apis mellifera esterase isozymes (esterases 1-6) that differ not only in electrophoretic mobility but also in substrate specificity and inhibition properties. Some of the esterase isozymes are controlled by more than one allele. The frequency of these genetic variants was analyzed in four populations of Apis mellifera from several localities. Esterases 1, 2, and 4 do not exhibit developmental changes, but the electrophoretic profile of esterases 3, 4, and 6 varies during ontogenetic development. PMID- 6661178 TI - Linkage and polymorphism of a gene controlling lactate dehydrogenase in the rat. AB - The amount of lactate dehydrogenase subunit A in rat serum is under the control of the lactate dehydrogenase regulatory gene Ldr-1, and it is determined by two alleles, Ldr-1a (high) and Ldr-1b (low). Sex and LDH-A level segregate independently, so the Ldr-1 gene is autosomal. The genes for albino, red eye, hemoglobin, and Ldr-1 are linked (linkage group I), and their order is Ldr-1-Hbb r-c. Our data put Ldr-1 45 cM from Hbb, and Hbb is 7 cM from c. Data in the literature separate r and c by 0.3 cM. PMID- 6661180 TI - Purification and properties of two lectins from the latex of the euphorbiaceous plants Hura crepitans L. (sand-box tree) and Euphorbia characias L. (Mediterranean spurge). AB - 1. From the latex of two members of the plant family Euphorbiaceae, Hura crepitans L. (sand-box tree) and Euphorbia characias L. (Mediterranean spurge), two lectins were purified by affinity chromatography on acid-treated Sepharose 6B followed by elution with D-galactose. 2. The lectin from E. characias is a single molecular species with Mr 80 000, made up of two identical subunits with Mr 40 000, and is a glycoprotein containing 11% carbohydrate. 3. The lectin from H. creptians appears as a mixture of three isolectins with Mr 140 000, consisting of four different subunits with Mr values 37 500, 35 500, 31 000, and 29 000. 4. Both lectins have haemagglutinating activity, with no specificity for human blood groups. The haemagglutinating activity is inhibited by D-galactose and by galactose-containing oligosaccharides. 5. The lectin from H. crepitans is mitogenic to human T-, but not to B-, lymphocytes. The latex of E. characias is mitogenic to T- and, to a lesser extent, to B-, lymphocytes, but the purified E. characias lectin has no mitogenic activity. 6. The lectin from H. crepitans, but not that from E. characias, inhibits protein synthesis by a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. PMID- 6661181 TI - Inhibition in vitro of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases by 2-mercaptoacetate in rat liver mitochondria. AB - In rat liver hypo-osmotically treated mitochondria, 2-mercaptoacetate inhibits respiration induced by palmitoyl-CoA, octanoate or butyryl-CoA only when the reaction medium is supplemented with ATP. Under this condition, NADH-stimulated respiration is not affected. In liver mitochondrial matrix, the presence of ATP is also required to observe a 2-mercaptoacetate-induced inhibition of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases tested with palmitoyl-CoA, butyryl-CoA or isovaleryl-CoA as substrate. As the oxidation of these substrates is also inhibited by the incubation medium resulting from the reaction of 2-mercaptoacetate with acetyl CoA synthase, with conditions under which 2-mercaptoacetate has no effect, 2 mercaptoacetyl-CoA seems to be the likely inhibitory metabolite responsible for the effects of 2-mercaptoacetate. Kinetic experiments show that the main effect of the 2-mercaptoacetate-active metabolite is to decrease the affinities of fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenases towards palmitoyl-CoA or butyryl-CoA and of isovaleryl CoA dehydrogenase towards isovaleryl-CoA. Addition of N-ethylmaleimide to mitochondrial matrix pre-exposed to 2-mercaptoacetate results in the immediate reversion of the inhibitions of palmitoyl-CoA and isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenations and in a delayed reversion of butyryl-CoA dehydrogenation. These results led us to conclude that (i) the ATP-dependent conversion of 2-mercaptoacetate into an inhibitory metabolite takes place in the liver mitochondrial matrix and (ii) the three fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase are mainly competitively inhibited by this compound. Finally, the present study also suggests that the inhibitory metabolite of 2-mercaptoacetate may bind non specifically to, or induce conformational changes at, the acyl-CoA binding sites of these dehydrogenases. PMID- 6661182 TI - A monoclonal antibody to human brain-type creatine kinase. Increased avidity with mercaptans. AB - 1. A monoclonal antibody (subclass immunoglobulin G1) has been raised against human brain-type creatine kinase (CK-BB). This antibody did not cross-react with either muscle-type creatine kinase (CK-MM) or heart-type creatine kinase (CK-MB). 2. The binding constant measured with native antibody was 6 X 10(8) M-1. In the presence of 2mM-dithiothreitol this constant was some 40-50-fold greater. 3. Partial reduction and alkylation showed that the increased binding was due to a direct effect on the antibody and was associated with concomitant cleavage of the heavy-heavy interchain disulphide bonds. The binding constant measured with Fab' fragments produced from reduced and alkylated antibody was similar to that shown by the native, unreduced antibody. 4. The molecular weight of the complex found in the absence of mercaptans was consistent with one antibody and one CK-BB molecule, whereas the molecular weight estimated with reduced and alkylated antibody was consistent with a complex of two antibodies and two CK-BB molecules. 5. It is proposed that mercaptans increase the flexibility of the hinge region of the antibody molecule, allowing the formation of a higher-order complex with increased avidity for the CK-BB dimer. PMID- 6661183 TI - Inhibition of the condensing component of chicken liver fatty acid synthase by iodoacetamide and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). AB - Chicken liver fatty acid synthase is inhibited by the thiol-modifying reagents 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and iodoacetamide. Total inactivation of the activity for fatty acid synthesis requires the modification of about 8 of the nearly 50 freely accessible thiol groups per molecule. The differential binding of iodo[14C]acetamide to phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride-modified enzyme in the absence and in the presence of excess acetyl-CoA shows complete modification of one cysteine-SH site of the condensing enzyme and partial modification of the pantetheine-SH site for a total of approx. 1.4 mol of iodoacetamide bound per mol of enzyme. The reaction of the enzyme with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) generates disulphide cross-links for each molecule of the reagent added, but 95% of these cross-links are intrasubunit. Both the iodoacetamide- and 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)-modified species catalyse all the component partial reactions of fatty acid synthesis except the condensation reaction. The results obtained with iodoacetamide show that in the dimeric fatty acid synthase modification of one cysteine-SH condensing site and/or one pantetheine-SH site per dimer is sufficient to affect inhibition of condensing activity and the activity for fatty acid synthesis, and are in accord with a recently proposed model for the mechanism of action of animal fatty acid synthases [Kumar (1982) J. Theor. Biol. 95, 263-283]. PMID- 6661184 TI - The catabolism of mammalian glycoproteins. Comparison of the storage products in bovine, feline and human mannosidosis. AB - Analysis of the neutral urinary oligosaccharides in bovine, feline and human mannosidosis by thin-layer and gel-permeation chromatography has shown that the patterns of stored oligosaccharides in the three species are different. In bovine and feline mannosidosis the most abundant urinary oligosaccharide is also the most abundant in the tissues of each species. The predominant oligosaccharides were purified by a combination of gel-filtration, ion-exchange and thin-layer chromatography and shown to contain only mannose and N-acetylglucosamine by g.l.c. and g.l.c.--mass spectrometry. The probable composition and size of each oligosaccharide were predicted from its chromatographic properties, sugar composition and the known structure of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. The bovine and feline oligosaccharides belonged to a homologous series of general composition Mann (GlcNAc)2, whereas the human oligosaccharides belong to a different series, MannGlcNAc. These structures suggest that lysosomal endohexosaminidase is not present in bovine and feline tissues. The predominant feline storage product, Man3(GlcNAc)2, was the expected storage product from the catabolism of complex asparagine-linked glycans. In contrast, the predominant bovine oligosaccharide, Man2(GlcNAc)2, probably lacks one of the alpha-linked mannose residues in the core region. A similar situation occurs in human mannosidosis. It is predicted that in these species either that the residual mutant alpha-D-mannosidase retains activity towards one of the core alpha-linked mannose residues or that another form of lysosomal alpha-D-mannosidase that is unaffected in these disorders occurs. It is concluded that the differences in storage products are due to differences in the catabolic pathways of glycoproteins among the species. PMID- 6661185 TI - Bile acid inhibition of basic and neutral glutathione S-transferases in rat liver. AB - A purification scheme is described for the neutral glutathione S-transferases of rat liver. Discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed that one of these enzymes contains a previously unidentified subunit, which has a molecular mass of 23 000 Da and has been designated Yn. Bile acids inhibited the activity of all the basic and neutral transferases investigated, but marked differences in the effects of bile acids on individual enzymes were observed. The activity of each transferase was inhibited more by lithocholate 3-sulphate than by chenodeoxycholate, which in turn was more inhibitory than cholate. The enzymes that were most sensitive to cholate inhibition were not found to be as readily inhibited as other transferases by chenodeoxycholate or lithocholate 3-sulphate. Conversely, the activity of transferase AA was more resistant to cholate, chenodeoxycholate and lithocholate 3-sulphate inhibition than was any of the other enzymes studied. PMID- 6661187 TI - Identification of fibronectin fragments that bind to carboxy-group-modified proteins. AB - Limited proteolysis of human plasma fibronectin with chymotrypsin, trypsin or thermolysin has been used to localize binding sites responsible for binding [Vuento, Korkolainen & Stenman (1982) Biochem. J. 205, 303-311] of fibronectin to carboxy-group-modified proteins. These bindings sites are different from those mediating binding of fibronectin to gelatin or heparin. They are located close to the C-terminus of the polypeptide chains of fibronectin, and apparently overlap with the C-terminal fibrin binding site. PMID- 6661186 TI - Purification and characterization of ribonucleases from human seminal plasma. AB - Four ribonucleases (RNAases I-IV) have been purified to homogeneity from human seminal plasma by precipitation with 40-75%-satd. (NH4)2SO4, followed by chromatographies on concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B, DEAE-cellulose phosphocellulose, agarose-5'-(4-aminophenylphospho)uridine 2'(3')-phosphate (RNAase affinity column) and Sephadex G-75 or G-100. The homogeneity of these RNAases was confirmed by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Mr values for these purified RNAases were 78 000, 16 000, 13 300 and 5000 as estimated by gel filtration. Enzyme activities of RNAases I, III and IV were inhibited by Mn2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ and activated by Na+, K+, Ba2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and EDTA, whereas that of RNAase II was inhibited by Ba2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ and activated by Na+, K+ and EDTA. RNAases I, II and IV demonstrated a higher affinity for poly(C) and poly(U) or yeast RNA, whereas RNAase III preferentially hydrolysed poly(U) over poly(C) and yeast RNA. In the presence of 5 mM-spermine, RNAase I was dissociated to a low-Mr (5000) enzyme with an increase in total RNAase enzymic activity. Xenoantiserum to each RNAase was raised and evaluated by immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemical methods. Anti-(seminal RNAase III) antiserum showed no immunological cross-reaction with RNAases of other human origin, whereas anti (seminal RNAase I), -(RNAase II) and -(RNAase IV) antisera exhibited indistinguishable immunological reactions with serum RNAase and other human RNAases, except that anti-(seminal RNAase I) and -(RNAase antisera IV) did not react with pancreatic RNAases. Seminal RNAases I and IV were identical immunologically as shown by anti-(RNAase I) and anti-(RNAase IV) in immunodiffusion. Immunohistochemical study revealed that, among human tissues examined, only prostate expressed seminal RNAase III. These results suggested that human seminal RNAase I may be an aggregated molecule of RNAase IV and that seminal RNAases II and IV are similar to serum RNAases, whereas seminal RNAase III is a prostate-specific enzyme. PMID- 6661188 TI - Purification and characterization of a new cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (glutathione S-transferase X) from rat liver. AB - A hitherto unknown cytosolic glutathione S-transferase from rat liver was discovered and a method developed for its purification to apparent homogeneity. This enzyme had several properties that distinguished it from other glutathione S transferases, and it was named glutathione S-transferase X. The purification procedure involved DEAE-cellulose chromatography, (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B to which glutathione was coupled and CM cellulose chromatography, and allowed the isolation of glutathione S-transferases X, A, B and C in relatively large quantities suitable for the investigation of the toxicological role of these enzymes. Like glutathione S-transferase M, but unlike glutathione S-transferases AA, A, B, C, D and E, glutathione S-transferase X was retained on DEAE-cellulose. The end product, which was purified from rat liver 20 000 g supernatant about 50-fold, as determined with 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene as substrate and about 90-fold with the 1,2-dichloro-4 nitrobenzene as substrate, was judged to be homogeneous by several criteria, including sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and immunoelectrophoresis. Results from sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and gel filtration indicated that transferase X was a dimer with Mr about 45 000 composed of subunits with Mr 23 500. The isoelectric point of glutathione S-transferase X was 6.9, which is different from those of most of the other glutathione S-transferases (AA, A, B and C). The amino acid composition of transferase X was similar to that of transferase C. Immunoelectrophoresis of glutathione S-transferases A, C and X and precipitation of various combinations of these antigens by antisera raised against glutathione S-transferase X or C revealed that the glutathione S transferases A, C and X have different electrophoretic mobilities, and indicated that transferase X is immunologically similar to transferase C, less similar to transferase A and not cross-reactive to transferases B and E. In contrast with transferases B and AA, glutathione S-transferase X did not bind cholic acid, which, together with the determination of the Mr, shows that it does not possess subunits Ya or Yc. Glutathione S-transferase X did not catalyse the reaction of menaphthyl sulphate with glutathione, and was in this respect dissimilar to glutathione S-transferase M; however, it conjugated 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene very rapidly, in contrast with transferases AA, B, D and E, which were nearly inactive towards that substrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6661190 TI - Thermodynamic studies of the activation of rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase by phosphate. AB - In an attempt to trace the source of phosphate activation of the enzyme-catalysed pyruvate-lactate interconversion by rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase, equilibrium constants were measured to examine the effects of phosphate on interactions pertinent to the enzymic process. Frontal gel-chromatographic studies of the binding of NADH to the enzyme established that the intrinsic association constant is doubled in the presence of 50 mM-phosphate in the buffer (pH 7.4, I0.15). From kinetic studies of the competition between NAD+ and NADH for the coenzyme-binding sites of the enzyme it is concluded that the binding of oxidized nicotinamide nucleotide is also doubled in the presence of 50 mM phosphate. Competitive-inhibition studies and fluorescence-quenching measurements indicated the lack of a phosphate effect on ternary-complex formation between enzyme-NADH complex and oxamate, a substrate analogue of pyruvate. The equilibrium constant for the interaction between enzyme-NAD+ complex and oxalate, an analogue of lactate, was also shown, by difference spectroscopy, to be insensitive to phosphate concentration. Provided that the effects observed with the substrate analogues mimic those operative in the kinetic situation, the equilibrium constant governing the isomerization of ternary complex is also independent of phosphate concentration. It is concluded that enhanced coenzyme binding is the source of phosphate activation of the rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase system. PMID- 6661189 TI - Phospholipid-transfer activities in cytosols from lung, isolated alveolar type II cells and alveolar type II cell-derived adenomas. AB - We have examined phospholipid-transfer activities in cytosols from rat and mouse whole lung, isolated rat alveolar type II cells and alveolar type II cell-derived mouse pulmonary adenomas. We report an enrichment in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol (but not phosphatidylinositol) protein-catalysed transfer in the type II cell and adenoma cytosols compared with the whole-lung cytosols. The activities from these cytosols were resolved using column chromatofocusing, which clearly demonstrated the presence of a phosphatidylcholine-specific transfer protein in each of the four tissues. In addition, two proteins (rat) or three proteins (mouse) catalysing both phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol transfer were resolved from whole lung, whereas in both the rat isolated alveolar type II cells and the mouse type II cell-derived adenomas one of these less specific proteins is not present. PMID- 6661191 TI - Polymeric structure of a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein from bovine cervical mucus. AB - A 16 X 10(6)-Mr glycoprotein isolated from bovine oestrus cervical mucus when reduced under conditions where disulphide-bond cleavage is essentially quantitative produces chains whose Mr from light-scattering and from sedimentation and diffusion data is some 4 X 10(6)-5 X 10(6). Pronase digestion of the chains indicates that glycosylated sequences of Mr 0.3 X 10(6)-0.5 X 10(6) are interspersed with enzyme-susceptible non-glycosylated peptide sequences. PMID- 6661192 TI - Differences in the rates of aggregation of proteoglycans from human articular cartilage and chondrosarcoma. AB - Pieces of adult human articular cartilage and chondrosarcoma were incubated in the presence of [35S]sulphate. After continuous or pulse-change incorporation of radioactivity, proteoglycans were extracted with 4.0 M-guanidinium chloride, purified by equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation and fractionated by gel chromatography. A comparison of the results suggests that the formation of stable aggregates occurs at a lower rate in articular cartilage than in chondrosarcoma. PMID- 6661193 TI - Determination of tryptophan pyrrolase activity in rat liver homogenates. PMID- 6661194 TI - Terminology for sialic acids. PMID- 6661195 TI - The biosynthesis of dentine gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing proteins by rat incisor odontoblasts in organ culture. AB - Rat odontoblasts were shown to synthesize and secrete gamma-carboxyglutamic acid(Gla)-containing proteins into dentine after organ culture in the presence of radiolabelled amino acid precursors. Purified dentine Gla-containing protein from rat incisors was used as antigen to prepare rabbit antisera as a probe of dentine Gla-containing-protein biosynthesis in organ cultures of dentine (rat incisor) and bone (rat calvaria). Use of the antiserum also pointed out the cross reactivity of a high-M, glycoprotein present within the dentine matrix. The present results are significant in identifying dentine gla-containing protein as endogenous to mineralizing dentine and may relate to the commonality between calcifying connective tissues in general. PMID- 6661197 TI - Response of methylenetetrahydrofolate levels to methotrexate in Krebs ascites cells. AB - Levels of methylenetetrahydrofolate in Krebs ascites cells subsequent to transplantation and the effects of methotrexate on these levels have been measured. To directly measure methylenetetrahydrofolate in tissue extracts, the cofactor was incorporated into a covalent ternary complex with thymidylate synthase and 3H-labelled fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate. A 3-4-day lag preceded rapid growth of the tumour cells, and this same kinetic behaviour was observed for methylenetetrahydrofolate levels in the tumour cells. Liver and kidney tissue from the same animals also showed an increase in methylenetetrahydrofolate over the same time period. The impact of methotrexate on methylenetetrahydrofolate in the tumour cells depended upon concentration and the post-transplantation time at which treatment was initiated. Levels of methylenetetrahydrofolate in the tumour cells were most sensitive to the drug at the beginning of the rapid growth phase and were more sensitive to a given level of methotrexate in the presence of phospholipids. A slight but significant increase in methylenetetrahydrofolate occurred in some cases in response to the presence of methotrexate. PMID- 6661196 TI - Hormonal regulation of two urea-cycle enzymes in cultured foetal hepatocytes. AB - Foetal-rat hepatocytes were cultured in primary monolayer culture, and activity changes of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS, EC 6.3.4.5) and argininosuccinase (ASL, EC 4.3.2.1) were followed under defined hormone conditions. In hormone-free medium, cultured cells maintained the enzyme activities at values equal to those of freshly isolated cells for at least 3 days. Continuous addition of dexamethasone produced the development of the two enzyme activities, but only after the first 20h of culture. Under these conditions, urea production by the foetal hepatocytes was concomitantly increased in the culture medium. Pretreatment with dexamethasone for 20h was sufficient to produce the development of ASL activity within the 2 following days. Introduced alone, glucagon induced an increase of ASL activity, but did not affect the ASS activity. The most powerful stimulation of ASS and ASL could be observed in cultured hepatocytes if glucagon and dexamethasone were added simultaneously or sequentially. These results indicated that the development of the receptor complex for the induction of urea-cycle enzymes appears early before birth and established that glucocorticoids amplify the glucagon stimulation of these enzyme activities during foetal life. PMID- 6661198 TI - The kinetics of dissociation of the inhibitor of nucleoside transport, nitrobenzylthioinosine, from the high-affinity binding sites of cultured hamster cells. AB - Nucleoside transport in various types of animal cells is inhibited by the binding of nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR) to a set of high-affinity sites on the plasma membrane. This work examined the binding of [3H]NBMPR to the nucleoside transporters of cultured Nil 8 hamster fibroblasts and of cells of a virus transformed clone (Nil SV) derived from Nil 8. Experiments conducted with intact Nil 8 and Nil SV cells and with membrane preparations indicated that the two lines differed significantly in the cellular content of binding sites and only slightly in the affinities of these sites for NBMPR. Nil 8 and Nil SV cells possessed (4.2-8.0) X 10(5) and (2.0-4.0) X 10(6) sites per cell respectively, whereas the dissociation constants of site-bound NBMPR obtained with intact cells and with membrane preparations were similar, ranging from 0.29 to 1.5 nM. Dilazep, a potent inhibitor of nucleoside transport that is structurally unrelated to NBMPR, appeared to compete with NBMPR for binding to the high affinity sites when tested under equilibrium conditions with Ki values for inhibition of NBMPR binding to Nil 8 and Nil SV cells respectively of 15 +/- 4 and 32 +/- 4 nM. The dissociation of NBMPR from the binding site--NBMPR complex of Nil SV membrane preparations was a first-order decay process with a rate constant of 0.68 +/- 0.26 min-1. The rate of dissociation of NBMPR from the binding-site complex of membrane preparations and intact cells was decreased significantly in the presence of dilazep and increased in the presence of the permeant uridine. These results suggest that the apparent competitive-inhibition kinetics obtained for dilazep under equilibrium conditions should not be interpreted as binding of dilazep to the same site as NBMPR but rather as binding of the two inhibitors to closely associated sites on the nucleoside transporter. Similarly, uridine also appears to bind to a site separate from the NBMPR-binding site. PMID- 6661199 TI - Age-related changes in albumin elimination in female WAG/Rij rats. AB - Albumin elimination rates were determined in 3-, 12-, 24- and 36-month-old female WAG/Rij rats. No change in elimination half-life was found with age. However, as there was an increase in the whole-body albumin pool, a concomitant increase in albumin clearance was observed at between 12 and 36 months of age. It was concluded that the increase in clearance between 12 and 24 months of age was only due to a change in the animal's physiology, whereas between 24 and 36 months of age it was also due to changes in the albumin molecule. The age-related changes in albumin clearance were thought not to be caused by changes in the albumin excretion via the urine or via the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6661200 TI - The alpha-adrenergic-mediated activation of the cardiac mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and its role in the control of intramitochondrial Ca2+ in vivo. AB - Administration of methoxamine (10 microM, 2 min) to perfused rat hearts increased the rate at which subsequently isolated mitochondria accumulated Ca2+. Methoxamine did not change significantly the development of delta phi with time or the basal rates of Ca2+ flux on inhibition of the uniporter with Ruthenium Red. With 200 microM-Pi, the rates of Ca2+ uptake at constant delta phi were unaffected by the small variations in endogenous [Pi] between mitochondrial preparations, and were also unaffected by changes in internal Ca2+ over the approximate range 8-43 nmol of Ca2+/mg. At low internal Ca2+ (about 8 nmol/mg of protein) the rates of Ca2+ uptake at constant delta phi were unaffected by addition of 200 microM-Pi. Under these conditions, the uniporter activity and the uniporter conductance were increased by 38-40% by methoxamine pretreatment. The endogenous Ca2+ content of mitochondria from control heart was about 1.8 nmol of Ca2+/mg of protein. Perfusion with agonist increased the Ca2+ content as follows: 10 microM-methoxamine (2 min), 48%; 1 microM-isoprenaline (2 min), 100%; 1 microM adrenaline (2 min), 140%. The implications of the data for the adrenergic control of oxidative metabolism by intramitochondrial Ca2+ is discussed. PMID- 6661201 TI - Effect of starvation and refeeding on amino acid uptake by mammary gland of the lactating rat. Role of ketone bodies. AB - Arteriovenous differences of amino acids across the mammary glands of lactating rats are diminished when the rats are starved for 24 h. When 24 h-starved rats were refed for 2 1/2 h, the arteriovenous differences of amino acids returned to values similar to those found in well-fed rats. In order to find a possible explanation for these rapid changes, we tested the effect of ketone bodies on amino acid uptake by the gland. At 5 min after injection of acetoacetate to fed rats, when the total concentration of ketone bodies in blood was similar to that found in starvation, the uptake of amino acids by the mammary gland was similar to that found after starvation, i.e. lower than in fed rats. However, 30 min after administration of acetoacetate, when the arterial concentration of ketone bodies had returned to values similar to those in fed rats, the arteriovenous differences of amino acids were similar to those found in fed rats. We conclude that the changes in blood ketone bodies may be responsible, at least in part, for the changes in amino acid uptake that occur in starvation and in the starvation- refeeding transition. PMID- 6661202 TI - Red-cell amino acid transport. Evidence for the presence of system ASC in mature human red blood cells. AB - The properties of Na+-dependent L-alanine transport in human erythrocytes were investigated using K+ as the Na+ substitute. Initial rates of Na+-dependent L alanine uptake (0.2 mM extracellular amino acid) for erythrocytes from 22 donors ranged from 40 to 180 mumol/litre of cells per h at 37 degrees C. Amino acid uptake over the concentration range 0.1-8 mM was consistent with a single saturable component of Na+-dependent L-alanine transport. Apparent Km and Vmax. values at 37 and 5 degrees C measured in erythrocytes from the same donor were 0.27 and 0.085 mM respectively, and 270 and 8.5 mumol/litre of cells per h respectively. The transporter responsible for this uptake was identified as system ASC on the basis of cross-inhibition studies with a series of 42 amino acids and amino acid analogues. Apparent Ki values for glycine, L-alpha-amino-n butyrate, L-serine and L-leucine as inhibitors of Na+-dependent L-alanine uptake at 37 degrees C were 4.2, 0.12, 0.16 and 0.70 mM respectively. Reticulocytes from a patient with inherited pyruvate kinase deficiency were found to have a 10-fold elevated activity of Na+-dependent L-alanine uptake compared with erythrocytes from normal donors. Separation of erythrocytes according to cell density (cell age) established that even the oldest mature erythrocytes retained significant Na+-dependent L-alanine transport activity. Amino acid transport was, however, a more sensitive indicator of cell age than acetylcholinesterase activity. Erythrocytes were found to accumulate L-alanine against its concentration gradient (distribution ratio approx. 1.5 after 4 h incubation), an effect that was abolished in Na+-free media. Na+-dependent L-alanine uptake was shown to be associated with L-alanine-dependent Na+ influx, the measured coupling ratio being 1:1. PMID- 6661203 TI - Regio- and stereo-selective metabolism of 4-methylbenz[a]anthracene by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. AB - Metabolism of 4-methylbenz[a]anthracene by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans was studied. C. elegans metabolized 4-methylbenz[a]anthracene primarily at the methyl group, this being followed by further metabolism at the 8,9- and 10,11-positions to form trans-8,9-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene and trans-10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene. There was no detectable trans-dihydrodiol formed at the methyl-substituted double bond (3,4 positions) or at the 'K' region (5,6-positions). The metabolites were isolated by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and characterized by the application of u.v.-visible-absorption-, 1H-n.m.r.- and mass-spectral techniques. The 4-hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene trans-8,9- and -10,11-dihydrodiols were optically active. Comparison of the c.d. spectra of the trans-dihydrodiols formed from 4-methylbenz[a]anthracene by C. elegans with those of the corresponding benz[a]anthracene trans-dihydrodiols formed by rat liver microsomal fraction indicated that the major enantiomers of the 4-hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene trans-8,9-dihydrodiol and trans- 10,11-dihydrodiol formed by C. elegans have S,S absolute stereochemistries, which are opposite to those of the predominantly 8R,9R- and 10R,11R-dihydrodiols formed by the microsomal fraction. Incubation of C. elegans with 4-methylbenz[a]anthracene under 18O2 and subsequent mass-spectral analysis of the metabolites indicated that hydroxylation of the methyl group and the formation of trans-dihydrodiols are catalysed by cytochrome P-450 mono oxygenase and epoxide hydrolase enzyme systems. The results indicate that the fungal mono-oxygenase-epoxide hydrolase enzyme systems are highly stereo- and regio-selective in the metabolism of 4-methylbenz[a]anthracene. PMID- 6661204 TI - Characteristics of cystine counter-transport in normal and cystinotic lysosome rich leucocyte granular fractions. AB - Normal leucocyte lysosome-rich granular fractions exhibited counter-transport of cystine, confirming that cystine transport across the lysosomal membrane is carrier-mediated. The trans-activation of cystine transport was temperature dependent but relatively independent of the external Na+ or K+ concentration in phosphate buffer. Counter-transport, measured as uptake of exogenous [3H]cystine, increased with increasing intralysosomal cystine content up to approx. 3 nmol of half-cystine/unit of hexosaminidase activity. The amount of [3H]cystine entering lysosomes loaded with unlabelled cystine decreased when unlabelled cystine was added to the extralysosomal medium. Lysosomal cystine counter-transport was stereospecific for the L-isomer. Cystathionine, cystamine and cysteamine-cysteine mixed disulphide gave evidence of sharing the lysosomal cystine-transport system, although at lower activity than cystine. Other tested amino acids, including arginine, glutamate and homocystine, were inactive in this system. Nine leucocyte lysosome-rich preparations from eight different cystinotic patients displayed virtually no counter-transport of cystine, conclusively establishing that a carrier-mediated system for cystine transport is dysfunctional in cystinotic lysosomes. PMID- 6661205 TI - Bidirectional transport of glutamine across the cell membrane in rat liver. AB - Hepatocytes isolated from fed rats were used to investigate glutamine transport. Glutamine transport appears as a composite process involving at least two saturable components. The Na+-dependent component probably represents the entry through the N system. The Na+-independent component was also inhibited by histidine and exhibited trans-stimulation, suggestive of a facilitated diffusion process. Kinetic parameters for both systems suggest that facilitated diffusion only plays a minor role in glutamine influx. In contrast, the Km for glutamine efflux was consistent with a physiological role of the facilitated-diffusion component in glutamine release. In Na+ medium, relatively constant distribution ratios (about 8) between intra- and extra-cellular concentrations were observed, with external glutamine ranging from 0.5 to 5 mM. The present observations suggest that glutamine influx might largely be mediated by the N system, whereas facilitated diffusion allows hepatocytes to release glutamine when intracellular concentrations are elevated. The physiological consequences of this bidirectional transfer of glutamine across the liver cell membrane is discussed. PMID- 6661206 TI - Abnormal secretion of proteins into bile from colchicine-treated isolated perfused rat livers. AB - The microtubule poison, colchicine, caused an abnormal output of a variety of proteins into rat bile. After 3 h of exposure to the drug, livers were isolated and perfused with media of defined protein composition. There was no essential change in permeability of the hepatobiliary system to proteins (e.g. bovine serum albumin) entering bile from the perfusion fluid. The rat (serum) albumin and fibrinogen that were secreted into bile from colchicine-treated livers were probably derived from the hepatocytes. Disruption of the microtubular system reduces the secretion of proteins at the sinusoidal face of the hepatocyte and results in an accumulation of secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm. It is suggested that under these conditions some of the vesicles discharge their contents into the bile canaliculus. PMID- 6661207 TI - Slow passive diffusion of NAD+ between intact isolated plant mitochondria and suspending medium. AB - Isolated potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber mitochondria purified by isopycnic centrifugation in density gradients of Percoll were found to be highly intact, to be devoid of extramitochondrial contaminations and to retain a high rate of O2 consumption. When suspended in a medium that avoided rupture of the outer membrane, intact purified mitochondria progressively lost their NAD+ content by passive diffusion. This led to a slow decrease of oxoglutarate-dependent O2 consumption by isolated mitochondria. Addition of NAD+ to the medium restored the initial State-3 rate of oxoglutarate oxidation. The rate of NAD+ accumulation in the matrix space was concentration-dependent, exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics and was strongly inhibited by the analogue N-4-azido-2-nitrophenyl-4-aminobutyryl NAD+. PMID- 6661208 TI - Dependence of fluid-phase pinocytosis in arterial smooth-muscle cells on temperature, cellular ATP concentration and the cytoskeletal system. AB - 125I-labelled poly(vinylpyrrolidone) was used as a marker of fluid-phase pinocytosis in cultured pig arterial smooth-muscle cells. The rate of pinocytosis was temperature-dependent. A decrease in cellular ATP concentrations as a result of inhibition of either glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation was associated with a similar decrease in pinocytosis. A microfibrillar-disruptive agent, cytochalasin B, caused a concentration-dependent stimulation of pinocytosis, whereas the microtubular-disruptive agents colchicine and vinblastine decreased pinocytosis to approximately half of control values at all concentrations used. These results indicate that fluid-phase pinocytosis in smooth-muscle cells is dependent on a continuing supply of energy and the integrity of the microtubules. Furthermore, microfilaments appear to exert a certain degree of constraint on pinocytosis, possibly by restricting invagination of the plasma membrane. PMID- 6661209 TI - The cartilage-resorbing protein catabolin is made by synovial fibroblasts and its production is increased by phorbol myristate acetate. AB - Pig synovial fibroblasts were shown to produce a protein that caused live cartilage to resorb its proteoglycan matrix in vitro. Fibroblasts were obtained either from synovial tissue digest or by allowing them to grow out of explants. The population derived from the digests was homogeneous and free of macrophage like cells after two passages, but was still producing the cartilage-resorbing protein after seven passages. The active protein was found to have Mr 20,000 on gell filtration, and pI 4.8 on isoelectric focussing in polyacrylamide gel. It was indistinguishable from a protein with the same activity from pig mononuclear leucocytes, which has been called catabolin. Production of the protein was increased if the synovial fibroblasts were cultured with the tumour promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Fibroblasts from other sources (joint capsule and peritoneum) also apparently made the protein. The possibility that catabolin is the same as interleukin-1 is discussed: if they are, then the results suggest that fibroblasts can make an interleukin-1-life protein. PMID- 6661210 TI - Importance of albumin binding in the assay for carnitine palmitoyltransferase. AB - Alterations in the long-chain acyl-CoA binding to albumin in the carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) assay appreciably affect the reaction at commonly used substrate concentrations. Since in the CPT assay the latter are typically well below saturation or Vmax. values, the measured enzyme activity depends on both the absolute quantity of albumin in the CPT assay and any biochemical modification of its binding. The present study verifies the striking dependence of the K0.5 for palmitoyl-CoA on albumin and the misleading 'activation' of the enzyme by compounds that also avidly bind to albumin. In assessing the intracellular physiological relevance of any modifier of CPT, the effects of protein binding in the assay assume particular importance. Indeed, any compound that alters CPT activity may do so, not directly, but as an assay artifact changing the free or unbound substrate concentrations. PMID- 6661212 TI - Effect of catalase inactivation on levels of inorganic peroxides, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, oxygen consumption and life span in adult houseflies (Musca domestica). AB - The effects of total inhibition of catalase, induced by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, on the adult housefly (Musca domestica) were examined. The lack of catalase activity had no effect on the longevity of the houseflies. Inorganic-peroxide concentration was elevated at younger ages, but declined in older flies. The rate of oxygen consumption by the flies was greatly decreased and the levels of oxidized as well as reduced glutathione were augmented. Superoxide dismutase activity showed a slight increase. This study suggests that loss of catalase activity does not affect survival of houseflies due to adaptive responses. PMID- 6661211 TI - Inhibition by acetyl-CoA of hepatic carnitine acyltransferase and fatty acid oxidation. AB - At micromolar concentrations, acetyl-CoA inhibited hepatic carnitine acyltransferase activity and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The inhibitory effects were not nearly as potent on a molar basis as those of malonyl-CoA; nevertheless, the cytosolic concentrations of acetyl-CoA, as yet unknown, may be sufficient (greater than 30 microM) to curtail appreciably the mitochondrial transfer of long-chain acyl-CoA units and fatty acid oxidation. Hence acetyl-CoA may also partially regulate hepatic ketogenesis. PMID- 6661213 TI - The stimulation of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in isolated hepatocytes by opioid peptides. AB - The opioid agonists [leucine]enkephalin, [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin and dynorphin (1-13)-peptide, but not morphine, stimulated the conversion of [2-14C]pyruvate into glucose and glycogenolysis when added directly to isolated hepatocytes. Naloxone produced a small but significant inhibition of both the basal and stimulated rate of incorporation of label into glucose but had no effect on the total glucose output by the cells. The effects of the opioid peptides were mediated by a cyclic AMP-independent mechanism. PMID- 6661215 TI - The effect of starvation and refeeding on lipogenic enzymes in mammary glands and livers of lactating rats. AB - Lactating rats were starved for 48 h and refed a high-carbohydrate diet for a further 48 h. Starvation stops milk secretion, which resumes shortly after refeeding. Three lipogenic enzymes, fatty acid synthase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and 'malic' enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) all decrease in the mammary gland during starvation and are restored to the pre-starvation levels 48 h after refeeding. The same enzymes in liver also decrease during starvation, but increase to values significantly higher than those for the normal fed rats after refeeding the high-carbohydrate diet. For the fatty acid synthase these values were four times the pre-starvation values. Serum insulin and prolactin concentrations also increased upon refeeding the high-carbohydrate diet. PMID- 6661217 TI - Chemical rearrangement of phenol-epoxide metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to quinone-methides. AB - Evidence of the involvement of triol-epoxide and phenol-epoxide metabolites in the metabolic activation of polycyclic hydrocarbons is accumulating. It is proposed that the phenolic OH-groups present in such epoxides will activate the epoxide moieties and permit their rearrangement to quinone-methides. These quinone-methides are highly reactive, potentially-isolable chemical entities with strong alkylating activity. In one resonance form they are resonance-stabilized carbonium ions. Only epoxides that also possess phenolic OH-groups in certain positions will form quinone-methides: these appear to include 9-hydroxybenzo [a] pyrene 4,5-oxide and the triol-epoxides 9-hydroxy-trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2 dihydroxychrysene 3,4-oxide and 2-hydroxy-trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10 dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene 7,8-oxide. PMID- 6661216 TI - Problems associated with assessment of the effect of GDP upon hormone stimulation of adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6661214 TI - Concomitant increase in hepatic triacylglycerol biosynthesis and cytosolic fatty acid-binding-protein content after feeding rats with a cholestyramine-containing diet. AB - Cholestyramine feeding of rats increased the rate of palmitate and glycerol incorporation into triacylglycerols of isolated hepatocytes. Concomitantly an increase of fatty-acid binding by hepatic cytosolic proteins was observed, which could be attributed to an elevation of the content of the fatty-acid-binding protein (Mr 12000). The involvement of this protein in cholesterol, bile-acid and triacylglycerol metabolism is discussed. PMID- 6661218 TI - High pO2-activated inhibitor of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes: its relationship to glutathione disulfide-induced inhibitor and to a approximately 23,000-Mr sulfhydryl protein. AB - The treatment of reticulocyte post-ribosomal supernatant containing ribosome wash with high pO2 or glutathione disulfide resulted in the activation of an inhibitor of protein synthesis of approximately 23,000-Mr as implicated by its elution from Sephadex G-100. This inhibitor could also be directly activated by exposure of the approximately 23,000-Mr fractions of the control eluate to high pO2 or glutathione disulfide. The high pO2-dependent activation of the inhibitor was blocked by the presence of glucose-6-phosphate or cAMP (2 mM). The inhibitor was stable (and activable) during a 5 minute incubation at 80 degrees C. The analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the G-100 (approximately 23,000-Mr) fractions treated with [14C]N-ethylmaleimide revealed the abolishment of the label in a approximately 23,000-Mr protein band in parallel to high pO2-dependent inhibitor activation. PMID- 6661219 TI - Structure and action of sperm activating peptides from the egg jelly of a sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina. AB - Three Sperm Activating Peptides (SAPs) have been isolated to homogeneity from the jelly coat of the eggs of a Japanese sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina, and two of them have been sequenced. At pH 6.8 they can stimulate the sperm respiration 20-30 fold, to the level in normal seawater (pH 8.2), and the half maximal activation was achieved by SAPs as low as around 100 pM. The stimulative activity was both pH- and Na+-dependent. The chymotryptic fragments (res. 3-10) were 10(4)-10(5) times less active, and the thermolytic fragment (res. 4-10) was 10(6) times less active than the parent SAP. CD spectra of SAPs indicate that they have unordered structure in aqueous solution. PMID- 6661220 TI - Inactivation of regulatory volume decrease in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by N-ethylmaleimide. AB - The sulfhydryl group reagent N-ethylmaleimide was found to inhibit in a dose dependent manner regulatory volume decrease of human peripheral lymphocytes swollen in buffered hyposmotic NaCl media. In hyposmotic KCl media NEM treated lymphocytes prevented an additional secondary swelling seen in control lymphocytes. The data suggest that N-ethylmaleimide acts on ion transport mechanisms involved in volume regulatory changes. This effect contrasts with the stimulation by N-ethylmaleimide of apparently volume sensitive K/Cl fluxes in certain mammalian red cells. PMID- 6661221 TI - The temperature-dependent emission of low frequency sound by motile cultures of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophilia. AB - When a sensitive condenser microphone is appropriately sealed and immersed into a motile suspension of Tetrahymena, a characteristic sound spectrum can be recorded. The spectrum of cells cultured at 25 degrees C and measured at 20 degrees contains three main components, centred around 40, 55 and 80 Hz. Both the intensity and distribution of the sound emission are altered when the cells are cooled to 12 degrees or warmed to 33 degrees C. No such sound emission is detectable from suspensions of sessile organisms. PMID- 6661222 TI - The effect of uncoupler on the distribution of the electron flow between the terminal acceptors oxygen and nitrite in the cells of Paracoccus denitrificans. AB - The preferential utilization of oxygen, the terminal acceptor, in anaerobically grown cells of Paracoccus denitrificans was abolished in the presence of uncoupler (3 microM carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone) which brought about a switch to the reduction of nitrite. It has been proved by measuring the redox state of cytochromes that this effect is due to the inhibition of the electron flow to oxygen caused by nitrite, which attains the site of its inhibitory action when the membrane potential is lowered. PMID- 6661223 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic separation of multiple forms of cytochrome P 450. AB - The major form of cytochrome P-450 isolated and purified from the hepatic microsomes of phenobarbital pretreated rats by sequential chromatography on n octylamino-Sepharose 4B and DEAE-cellulose columns was found to be homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, this cytochrome P-450 was resolved into three bands by high pressure liquid chromatography on an Anpac ion-exchange column. High pressure liquid chromatography isolated forms had similar molecular weights of 55,000 with lambda max of the CO-reduced difference spectrum at 450 nm and were found to be in the low spin state. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of high pressure liquid chromatography in the resolution of cytochrome P-450s of similar molecular weights but different net charges. PMID- 6661225 TI - The amidating enzyme in pituitary will accept a peptide with C-terminal D-alanine as substrate. AB - A series of tripeptides which terminated in d-alanine, d-serine, d-leucine or l alanine was synthesized and the peptides tested for their ability to act as substrates for an amidating enzyme present in porcine pituitary. The peptides were allowed to compete with a radiolabelled substrate 125I d-Tyr Phe Gly in the presence of a rate limiting concentration of amidating enzyme and the degree of conversion to 125I d-Tyr Phe amide was determined by ion exchange chromatography. An accelerated procedure was developed for investigating the rates of reaction. The results showed that d-Tyr Phe d-Ala has a significant affinity for the amidating enzyme; no affinity could be demonstrated with d-Tyr Phe 1-Ala, d-Tyr Phe d-Ser or d-Tyr Phe d-Leu. Direct evidence that d-Tyr Phe d-Ala can undergo amidation was obtained by incubating the 125I labelled tripeptide with the pituitary enzyme. Amidation took place readily with d-Tyr Phe d-Ala but not with the other tripeptides; thus, while the enzyme is unable to catalyse the conversion of a peptide terminating in 1-alanine, it can accept a peptide terminating in d-alanine. The results indicate that the amidating enzyme has a highly compact substrate binding site. PMID- 6661224 TI - Substrate-induced H2O2 production in mycelia from the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. AB - Broken and subsequently washed mycelia from the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium generated increased levels of H2O2 when exposed to a lignocellulosic substrate (ground wheat straw) or substrate analogue (Poly B 411). H2O2 production was observed only in cultures grown on limiting nitrogen, a condition known to induce the lignin-degrading activity of this organism. H2O2 production was observed in the pH range of 4.5 to 8.4, but the highest levels of H2O2 were generated around pH 6. The mycelia also exhibited catalase activity, which was 5- to 10-fold higher in nitrogen-limited cultures. PMID- 6661227 TI - FAB-mapping of recombinant-DNA protein products. AB - A new method is described for screening and establishing the primary structure of proteins. The procedure is both rapid and sensitive and allows study of the C terminus of the protein with equal facility to the N-terminus. This new strategy which is illustrated here for the polypeptide hormone Insulin, has obvious applications in recombinant DNA biotechnology research, in post-translational modification and site-directed mutagenesis studies, or any other aspect of modern protein chemistry requiring accurate definition of primary structure. PMID- 6661226 TI - Effects of differentiation inducers on diphenylhexatriene fluorescence polarization in intracytoplasmic and plasma membranes from Friend erythroleukemia cells. AB - Treatment of Friend leukemia cells with dimethylsulfoxide or hexamethylenbisacetamide, which induced erythroid differentiation, resulted in enhancement of fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene in not only plasma membranes, but also in intracellular membranes. In a cell variant resistant to induction, the polarization values of intracellular membranes were not affected by the inducing agents, whereas plasma membranes had the same enhancement of polarization values as in sensitive cells. Therefore, Friend cell differentiation can be associated with the effect of the inducers on intracellular membranes, but not with the effect on plasma membranes. PMID- 6661228 TI - Hemin inhibits transfer of pre-delta-aminolevulinate synthase into chick embryo liver mitochondria. AB - Pulse labelling studies in chick embryo livers show that hemin prevents the transfer of drug induced pre-delta-aminolevulinate synthase from the cytosol into the mitochondria, leading to an accumulation of precursor in the cytosol. No effect of hemin was observed on the transfer of pre-pyruvate carboxylase into mitochondria. These results eliminated a general toxic effect of hemin on mitochondrial import of proteins and are consistent with the view that hemin specifically inhibits the transfer of ALA synthase. PMID- 6661229 TI - Glycosylation in vivo of human lens capsule (basement membrane) and diabetes mellitus. AB - Glycosylation represents a nonenzymatic posttranslational modification of some proteins in vivo. We have investigated possible glycosylation, in vivo, of human lens capsule (basement membrane of lens epithelium) using a colorimetric method. Our study reveals, for the first time, in vivo glycosylation of human lens capsule. Furthermore, the glycosylation of the lens capsule in the diabetics (57.30 +/- 11.26 n moles/mg. protein) is found to be significantly greater than that in their nondiabetic counterparts (29.11 +/- 4.90 n moles/mg. protein) (p less than 0.0005). The present observation represents the first example of increased glycosylation of a basement membrane in the diabetic patients as compared to the nondiabetic controls. PMID- 6661230 TI - Effect of temperature on ppp(A2'p)nA binding protein activities in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and other mammalian extracts. AB - Lysates of rabbit reticulocytes and other mammalian cells are known to contain an activity which binds with high specificity ppp(A2'p)3A,3'-[32P]pCp. The binding activity shows a marked dependence on preincubation of lysates at different temperatures (4 degrees C - 45 degrees C). For example, binding was increased 50% by preincubation of rabbit reticulocyte lysates at 37 degrees C for 60 minutes. An identical preincubation of mouse brain extracts results in a greater than 90% loss of binding activity. Fractionation of rabbit reticulocyte lysates into the postribosomal supernatant (PRS) and the ribosomal salt wash (RSW), followed by heparin-agarose column chromatography, showed that with the PRS fraction, most of the binding activity is eluted with 600 mM KCl. With the RSW fraction, more than 50% of the binding activity is eluted with 250 mM KCl. These data suggest that multiple ppp(A2'p)nA binding protein activities exist in mammalian cells. PMID- 6661231 TI - Changes in lung hyaluronidase activity associated with lung growth, injury and repair. AB - We measured lung hyaluronidase activity in rats during postnatal life and during the repair of oxygen-induced lung injury. Hyaluronidase activity increased rapidly after birth and peaked at 16-fold the initial value at 8 days. The peak preceded decreased cell proliferation and the onset of differentiation; this is consistent with current concepts of the role of hyaluronidase. During the repair of lung injury, hyaluronidase activity increased to 2.5-fold the control value at 1 day post-injury, but had decreased by 3 days. This early peak is probably related to simultaneous cell proliferation and differentiation. We postulate that changes in hyaluronidase can influence lung growth and repair and that the system may be amenable to manipulation. PMID- 6661232 TI - Identification of dichloromethyl carbene as a metabolite of carbon tetrachloride. AB - Although indirect evidence has suggested that liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 can reductively dehalogenate several compounds to carbene metabolites, there has been no direct proof for the formation of these reactive species. We report in this paper that carbenes can be chemically trapped and identified as metabolites. For example, 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropane was identified as a metabolite by gas chromatography mass spectrometry when carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was incubated anaerobically with rat liver microsomes, NADPH and 2,3 dimethyl-2-butene. The reaction required NADPH and was inhibited by carbon monoxide. These findings show that cytochrome P-450 in rat liver microsomes can reductively metabolize CCl4 to dichloromethyl carbene (:CCl2) which can be trapped with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene to form 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3 tetramethylcyclopropane. A similar approach may be used for the identification of carbene metabolites of other compounds. PMID- 6661233 TI - The IH-NMR-study of the copper surrounding in plantacyanin. AB - The 300-MHz proton NMR spectra of oxidized, reduced and apo-forms of plantacyanin were studied. The data obtained show that one of two histidines is far from copper whereas the other is a ligand of the metal. Ligands of copper are also two methionines and, possibly, tryptophan. Although the surrounding of copper in plastocyanin consists of two sulfur and two nitrogen atoms, only histidine and methionine are invariant ligand amino acids of the metal in these two copper proteins from plants. PMID- 6661234 TI - Novel method of evaluating biological 19-hydroxylation and aromatization of androgens. AB - [19C3H]Androstenedione of high specific activity has been prepared. In liver incubation the isotope was shown to be stable to biological processes other than 19-hydroxylation. Incubation of the new substrate with human placental microsomes yielded 3H2O, 3HCOOH and estrogens devoid of radioactivity. The formation of 3H2O and 3HCOOH was close to the expected 2:1 ratio indicating that the material can be used to discriminate between 19-hydroxylation which yields 3H2O and aromatization which results in 3HCOOH. Comparison of the formation of 3H2O from [1 beta, 2 beta 3H]androstenedione and of 3HCOOH from [19C3H3]androstenedione in placental microsomal incubation showed that the aromatization of the former was 3.2 times faster indicating an isotope effect of that magnitude for the aromatization of [19C3H] vs [19CH3]androstenediones. The new substrate will be an effective probe and discriminant of both 19-hydroxylation and aromatization of androgens in vivo and in vitro, reactions which have been reported to be dissociated in specific tissues. PMID- 6661235 TI - The metabolic defect of methionine dependence occurs frequently in human tumor cell lines. AB - Methionine dependence is the inability of cells to grow when methionine (Met) is replaced by its immediate precursor homocysteine (Hcy) in the culture medium (Met Hcy+ medium). All normal unestablished cell strains tested to date have been shown to be methionine-independent and thus grow almost as well in Met-Hcy+ medium as they do in Met+-Hcy-medium. Results presented here indicate that out of 23 cell lines derived from diverse types of human tumors, 11 do not grow at all in Met-Hcy+ medium and are absolutely methionine-dependent and 3 grow only slightly in this medium. Many of the tumor cell lines tested have little else in common other than the fact that they are methionine-dependent. The high frequency of occurrence of methionine dependence in diverse types of human tumor cells indicates that methionine dependence may be an important aspect of oncogenic transformation and therapeutically exploitable. PMID- 6661236 TI - Inhibition of the calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity from mouse brain cytosol by quercetin. AB - The flavonoid quercetin is a potent inhibitor of calcium- and phospholipid dependent protein kinase (Ca, PL-PK) activity from mouse brain. Half-maximal inhibition of the kinase occurs at about 10 microM. If the tumor promoter 12-O tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is used instead of calcium as a stimulating factor of the kinase enzyme activity is still inhibited by quercetin. The kinase inhibitor, however, does not interfere with the binding of TPA to its receptor. PMID- 6661237 TI - Hydrodynamic properties and structure of the rat liver 12 S arginyl- and lysyl tRNA synthetase complex. AB - Eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases occur in multienzyme complexes in contrast to their prokaryotic counterparts. A core 12 S rat liver complex (Mr 290,000) was recently purified to homogeneity consisting of two polypeptides with Mr 73,000 and 65,000 identified as lysyl- and arginyl-tRNA synthetase, respectively (Dang et al. (1982) Biochemistry 21,1959-1966). Using the modified hydrodynamic theory of Kirkwood (Kirkwood, J.R. (1954) J. Polym. Sci. 12,1-14), we have determined that the model most consistent with the hydrodynamic properties of the 12 S complex is a tetrameric tetrahedral model. PMID- 6661238 TI - Improved spectral resolution in cosy 1H NMR spectra of proteins via double quantum filtering. AB - A double quantum filter is inserted into a two-dimensional correlated (COSY) 1H NMR experiment to obtain phase-sensitive spectra in which both cross peak and diagonal peak multiplets have anti-phase fine structure, and in which the cross peaks and the major contribution to the diagonal peaks have absorption lineshapes in both dimensions. The elimination of the dispersive character of the diagonal peaks in phase-sensitive, double quantum-filtered COSY spectra allows identification of cross peaks lying immediately adjacent to the diagonal, which represents a significant improvement over the conventional COSY experiment. PMID- 6661239 TI - Paradoxical stimulation by amino acids of the degradation of [35S]methionine labelled, short-lived protein in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - A complete amino acid mixture inhibited the degradation of long-lived and [14C]valine-labelled short-lived protein in isolated rat hepatocytes, but paradoxically stimulated the degradation of [35S]methionine-labelled short-lived protein. The stimulation persisted in the presence of autophagiclysosomal pathway inhibitors like 3-methyladenine and propylamine, indicating the existence of an hitherto unrecognized non-lysosomal degradation mechanism with selectivity towards methionine-rich proteins or peptide regions. PMID- 6661240 TI - Leucine enkephalin antagonizes norepinephrine-induced 45Ca++ accumulation in rat atria. AB - Exposure of rat atrial slices to 10(-5) M norepinephrine (NE) for 10 minutes increases 45Ca++ accumulation from 1.64 +/- 0.10 to 2.23 +/- 0.06 nmol/mg tissue. In the presence of leucine enkephalin (10(-8) M), NE-stimulated 45Ca++ uptake is reduced to 1.44 +/- 0.10 nmol/mg tissue. The effect of leu-enkephalin is reversed in the presence of 10(-7) M naloxone, NE-stimulated 45Ca++ uptake being increased to 2.17 +/- 0.15 nmol/mg tissue. The results support a direct interaction of leu enkephalin with beta-agonist-stimulated Ca++ flux in rat atria, and correlate with the previously reported enkephalin antagonism of NE-induced positive chronotropy in the same tissue. PMID- 6661241 TI - Evidence for the metabolic formation of a vicinal dihydrodiol-epoxide from the potent mutagen 1-nitrobenzo(A)pyrene. AB - Metabolism of 1-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene (1-nitro-BaP) by rat liver microsomes yielded 1-nitro-BaP trans-7,8-dihydrodiol, 1-nitro-BaP trans-9,10-dihydrodiol and 1-nitro BaP 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetrol. Formation of these metabolites suggests that a vicinal 7,8,9,10-dihydrodiol-epoxide is a metabolite of 1-nitro-BaP. PMID- 6661242 TI - Determination of SRS-A release from guinea-pig lungs by a radioimmunoassay. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for leukotrienes (LTs) has been developed. Rabbits were immunized with a conjugate of LTD4 and bovine serum albumin, prepared by using 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as the coupling agent. The assay can detect 0.045 pmol LTD4 at a final plasma dilution of 1:72. 50% displacement of bound 3H LTD4 was obtained with 0.43 +/- 0.03 pmol LTD4. LTC4, LTE4 and LTF4 cross-react 159%, 57% and 85%, respectively, whereas LTB4, 5-HETE and prostaglandins did not. The assay was validated by measuring the antigen-induced release of LTs from sensitized guinea-pig chopped lungs. High correlation (0.9434, p less than 0.05) was found when LTs were simultaneously determined by this assay and a bioassay on guinea pig ileum. PMID- 6661243 TI - Purified DNA polymerase gamma replicates bovine parvovirus DNA to a unit-length product. AB - DNA polymerase gamma, purified from fetal bovine liver, replicated virion single stranded DNA from bovine parvovirus to a unit-length double-stranded DNA molecule. This product was not nicked and was covalently linked to the 3' hairpin primer. The reaction was inhibited by dideoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate, but was unaffected by ATP or aphidicolin. Double-stranded viral DNA was not a functional template for purified DNA polymerase gamma. PMID- 6661244 TI - Purification and properties of microvitellogenin of Manduca sexta role of juvenile hormone in appearance and uptake. AB - Microvitellogenin, a female specific protein found in hemolymph and eggs of adult female Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm moth) has been purified to homogeneity. It is a 31,000 dalton protein lacking covalently bound carbohydrate. It appears in the hemolymph near the time of adult eclosion. The appearance of microvitellogenin in adult hemolymph is not dependent upon the presence of juvenile hormone. Uptake of both vitellogenin and microvitellogenin are greatly reduced in the absence of juvenile hormone. PMID- 6661245 TI - Structural requirements of compounds to inhibit pulmonary diamine accumulation. AB - The diamine, putrescine, is accumulated into slices of rat lung by a temperature and energy dependent process similar to that responsible for the uptake of cadaverine, the polyamines spermidine and spermine, and the herbicide paraquat. Structure-activity studies using monoamines and diaminoalkanes, amino acids and guanidino compounds, have shown that in order to inhibit the pulmonary accumulation of putrescine, chemicals should possess at least one but preferably two nitrogen-containing cationic groups. In the series of alpha, w-diaminoalkanes studied, the inhibitory potential increased with increasing chain length, reaching a plateau at 1,7-diaminoheptane. These observations together with the fact that putrescine is a good substrate for the uptake system (Km 15 microM, Vmax 704 nmoles/g wet wt/hr) suggest that effective inhibitors require at least four methylene groups between their cationic centres and that diamines with more methylene groups may fold to give this separation. With both the monoamines and the alpha, w-diaminoalkanes, changes in the free energies of interaction suggest that the observed increases in inhibitory potential with increasing chain length are due to increased hydrophobic bonding, which is a consequence of the addition of methylene groups to the alkyl chain. Furthermore, the ability of compounds to inhibit putrescine uptake appears to be related to their propensity to bind with the appropriate site for putrescine. Steric hindrance of this ionic interaction by the quaternisation of the cationic centres of the inhibitors with methyl groups, results in a total loss of measurable inhibitory activity. Also, the introduction of anionic carboxyl groups into inhibitors result in a loss of inhibitory potential, probably due to ionic repulsion. The antileukaemic drug, methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (MeGAG), and its congeners, were some of the most potent inhibitors of putrescine uptake studied. Our findings suggest similarities between the uptake system for putrescine into the lung with other uptake systems described for MeGAG and certain polyamines. PMID- 6661246 TI - Diethylstilbestrol (DES) quinone: a reactive intermediate in DES metabolism. AB - The quinone of E-diethylstilbestrol (DES), a postulated metabolic intermediate derived from DES, has been synthesized by oxidation of DES in chloroform using silver oxide. The reaction product was structurally characterized by infrared, ultraviolet, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. The product of oxidation of DES by hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase and also by rat uterine peroxidase, was shown to be identical with synthetic DES quinone based on identical u.v. spectra and on identical decomposition products. DES quinone was stable only in non-protic solvents such as chloroform. In acids, bases or protic solvents, DES quinone rearranged to Z,Z-dienestrol (beta-DIES). The half-life of DES quinone in water was approximately 40 min; in methanol it was approximately 70 min. Bacterial mutagenicity (Ames) tests did not indicate that DES quinone had mutagenic or genotoxic activity. However, DES quinone was found to bind to calf thymus DNA without any enzyme mediation at levels significantly above the binding of DES under the same conditions. Based on the binding of DES quinone to DNA, this intermediate must be considered as a possible carcinogenic metabolite of DES. PMID- 6661247 TI - Hepatic microsomal cytochrome p-450-dependent N-demethylation of methylguanidine. AB - Cytochrome P-450-dependent N-demethylation of methylguanidine, a uremia toxin, was investigated. Methylguanidine was stoichiometrically converted into equal amounts of guanidine and formaldehyde by aerobic incubation with phenobarbital induced microsomes and NADPH. The guanidine formation in the incubation mixture followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and required the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH. Methimazole, a non-formaldehyde-producing substrate specific for FAD containing monooxygenase, did not inhibit significantly formaldehyde formation, suggesting that microsomal FAD-containing monooxygenase does not play a significant role in N-demethylation of methylguanidine. The direct involvement of cytochrome P-450 in the N-demethylation is supported by the observations that addition of methylguanidine to purified cytochrome P-450 preparation caused a type I spectral change and that inhibitors of cytochrome P-450, such as carbon monoxide and metyrapone, markedly decreased the rate of demethylation. Neither superoxide anion nor hydrogen peroxide was directly involved in the demethylation reaction. In addition, guanidine formation was observed in the reconstituted system containing purified cytochrome P-450. Thus, these findings indicate that the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system catalyzes N-demethylation of methylguanidine to guanidine. PMID- 6661248 TI - Sex-related difference in the metabolism of isosorbide dinitrate following incubation in human blood. AB - Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) (at a concentration of 100 ng/ml) was incubated aerobically at 37 degrees in whole blood from five male and five female normal volunteers. Following incubation of the blood samples for 0, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 min, the samples were centrifuged and the plasma was assayed for ISDN. A linear relationship was observed between the logarithm of the concentration of ISDN remaining and incubation time, and there was a significant difference between the T1/2 of ISDN in blood from males (90.6 min) and females (161.4 min). Very little ISDN metabolism was observed when ISDN was incubated with plasma rather than whole blood. When erythrocytes, resuspended in saline, were incubated with ISDN, there was a time-dependent loss of ISDN from the saline incubation medium. Investigation of the soluble fraction obtained after hemolysis of these erythrocytes also showed a time-dependent loss of ISDN. The saline incubation medium contained sufficient concentrations of the two major ISDN metabolites (isosorbide 2- and 5-mononitrate) to account for the observed disappearance of ISDN. The results indicate that ISDN is metabolized in the cellular compartment of blood and that the metabolic rate in males is greater than that in females. PMID- 6661250 TI - Effects of metyrapone on microsomal-dependent Salmonella mutagenesis. Studies with chloroallyl ethers and model compounds. AB - Metyrapone (2-methyl-1,2-di-3-pyridyl-1-propanone, MTP) is used as an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 enzymes, particularly those induced by phenobarbital (PB). We examined the effects of MTP on the microsomal dependent mutagenesis of a newly isolated promutagen, 3-(2-chloroethoxy)-1,2-dichloropropene (CP), three S chloroallyl thiocarbamate herbicides, and four model promutagens aflatoxin B1 (AFB), 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF), 2-aminoanthracene (2AA) and benzo[a]pyrene (BP). Salmonella tester strains TA98, TA100 and TA1535 and liver microsomal preparations (S9) from rats induced with PB or Aroclor 1254 (PCB) were employed. For statistical analysis, mutagenesis data were transformed and subjected to two way analysis of variance. Metyrapone alone was not mutagenic in the absence or presence of S9. In a dose-dependent manner, MTP inhibited mutagenesis of AFB for strains TA98 and TA100 and enhanced mutagenesis of 2AAF, 2AA and BP for these strains. 3-(2-Chloroethoxy)-1, 2-dichloropropene and the herbicides diallate, triallate and sulfallate are all chloroallyl ethers. They are similar in their mutagenesis for Salmonella with respect to strain specificity, mutagenic potency, and requirement for activation by specifically-induced microsomes. Metyrapone inhibited the mutagenesis of CP, triallate and sulfallate for strain TA100 in the presence of either PB- or PCB-induced S9, and had no apparent effect on diallate mutagenesis; the same results were obtained for TA1535 with PCB-induced S9. On this basis, the mutagenic activation of diallate appears to be different from that of the other chloroallyl ethers tested. Our results indicate that MTP can inhibit as well as enhance microsomal dependent mutagenesis for Salmonella. We conclude that MTP may be a useful tool in characterizing pathways for promutagen activation. PMID- 6661249 TI - Meperidine carboxylesterase in mouse and human livers. AB - Meperidine carboxylesterase activity was assayed in subcellular fractions of mouse and human liver by coupling the hydrolytic production of ethanol to the reduction of a tetrazolium dye. In mouse liver, the activity was found to be distributed among the mitochondrial, light mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions, whereas in human liver activity was found only in the microsomal fraction. The meperidine carboxylesterases in mouse liver and human liver were inhibited by two irreversible serine hydrolase inactivators (diisopropyl fluorophosphate and paraoxon) and by a reversible transition state analog (trifluoromercaptophenylacetone). Compared to the activities in mouse and human liver microsomes, the activity in mouse liver mitochondria was highly sensitive to the three inhibitors. PMID- 6661251 TI - Metabolism of paraldehyde to acetaldehyde in liver microsomes. Evidence for the involvement of cytochrome P-450. AB - A concentration-dependent acetaldehyde (AcH) generation was observed when paraldehyde was incubated with the mouse liver microsomal fraction. The process, which exhibited a requirement for oxygen and NADPH and was inhibited by carbon monoxide, was found to have a Km of 17.9 mM with respect to paraldehyde and a Vmax of 40.1 nmoles/mg protein/min with respect to AcH formation. NADH was much less effective as an electron donor than NADPH, though a more than additive increase in AcH generation was observed when both of these nucleotides were added to the incubation. The rate of microsomal AcH generation from paraldehyde was increased 2.5-fold by pretreatment of the mice with phenobarbital but only 0.6 fold by pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene. Pretreatment with 2 diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenylvalerate hydrochloride (SKF-525A) resulted in 54% inhibition of the reaction rate. Addition of metopirone to the incubation inhibited AcH generation in a concentration-related fashion, the inhibition being greatest, proportionately, in microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated animals. The above results conclusively indicate the involvement of cytochrome P-540 mixed function oxidase in the formation of AcH from paraldehyde by mouse liver microsomes. It is also postulated that this process may be accomplished in the reaction analogous to O-dealkylation. PMID- 6661253 TI - Evidence for the active renal secretion of S-pentachlorophenyl-N-acetyl-L cysteine by female rats. AB - Male and female rats received 50 mumoles of pentachloronitrobenzene/kg by oral intubation daily for seven days. The final excreta were hydrolysed and analysed by electron capture GLC for the presence of pentachlorobenzenethiol and tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedithiol (derived from the equivalent N-acetylcysteine conjugates). No differences were found between the sexes for faeces and bile but the urinary excretion of both thiols by females was more than 10-fold greater than males. A similar result for urine was obtained following i.p. administration of a single 20 mumoles/kg dose of S-pentachlorophenyl-N-acetyl-L-cysteine (pentachlorophenyl mercapturate); in addition co-treatment with probenecid did not greatly change excretion by the males but considerably reduced excretion by females. The sex difference in the urinary levels of pentachlorophenyl N acetylcysteine after 40 and 100 mumoles/kg doses of pentachloronitrobenzene was confirmed by h.p.l.c. of the mercapturate and again probenecid inhibited the excretion. Analysis of urine by TLC following a dose of [14C]hexachlorobenzene (8 muCi/kg; 0.67 mumoles/kg) showed that more radioactivity was associated with the mercapturate from female rats than males. The results suggest that S pentachlorophenyl-N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a metabolite of hexachlorobenzene and pentachloronitrobenzene, may be excreted by an active renal secretion which is particularly developed in female F344 rats. PMID- 6661252 TI - Biochemical effects of a quinazoline inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase, N-(4-(N (( 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-quinazolinyl)methyl)prop-2-ynylamino) benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid (CB3717), on human lymphoblastoid cells. AB - The biochemical effects of the antitumor agent N-(4-(N-(( 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6 quinazolinyl)methyl)prop-2-ynylamino) benzoyl)-L -glutamic acid (CB3717) were studied in WI-L2 cultured human lymphoblastoid cells. CB3717 was a potent inhibitor of human thymidylate synthetase; the inhibition was competitive with 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (Ki = 4.9 X 10(-9) M). CB3717 also inhibited human dihydrofolate reductase, competitively with dihydrofolate (Ki = 2.3 X 10(-8) M). The growth-inhibitory effect of CB3717 could be prevented completely by 10 microM thymidine. Administration of thymidine could be delayed for up to 8 hr after CB3717 treatment without cytotoxicity but, if thymidine was delayed for 24 hr, severe toxicity resulted. Incubation for 16 hr in the presence of a growth inhibitory concentration of CB3717 did not result in the appearance of dihydrofolate in WI-L2 cells. These results indicate that, in the presence of CB3717, thymidylate synthetase, rather than dihydrofolate reductase, became rate limiting for the cycle of dihydrofolate oxidation and reduction. Treatment of cells for 16 hr at an IC50 concentration of CB3717 caused a decrease of 88% in cellular dTTP and a 2,300% increase in dUMP. The level of dUDP also increased, and traces of dUTP appeared in treated cells. No large changes were seen in ribonucleotide pools. A kinetic analysis was made, by computer simulation, of predicted consequences of metabolic effects of compounds that inhibit both dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase. It was concluded that, even if the Ki of the inhibitor for thymidylate synthetase were 3 orders of magnitude higher (weaker) than the Ki for dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthetase could still become rate-limiting. PMID- 6661254 TI - Direct in vitro effects of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide on hepatic cytochrome P-450. AB - Bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, an agriculturally important biocidal agent, when added in vitro to liver microsomes containing the phenobarbital-induced form of cytochrome P-450, produced a typical type I binding spectrum (an absorption maximum at 390 nm; an absorption minimum at 420 nm). Studies with microsomal preparations containing cytochrome P-448, induced by 3-methylcholanthrene or beta naphthoflavone, revealed that this hemeprotein was more susceptible to direct degradation by bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide than was the uninduced or phenobarbital induced forms of cytochrome P-450. The disappearance of spectrally detectable cytochrome P-450 was accompanied by an increase in cytochrome P-420. The formation of cytochrome P-420 was both time and temperature dependent, and it also occurred to a greater extent in microsomal preparations containing cytochrome P-448 than in microsomes containing the phenobarbital-induced form of cytochrome P-450. In all cases, the decreases in spectrally detectable cytochrome P-450 produced by the organotin were not accompanied by decreases in microsomal heme or cytochrome b5 content. The findings provide evidence for the direct interaction followed by conversion of cytochrome P-450 to cytochrome P-420 produced by a trialkyltin compound in vitro, and indicate that different susceptibilities to degradation exist within the various subspecies of this hemeprotein. PMID- 6661255 TI - Ultrasensitive assay for ribonucleoside triphosphates in 50-1000 cells. Application to studies with pyrazofurin and mycophenolic acid. AB - New methods have been developed for the measurement of ATP, GTP, and UTP pools of microscopic cell colonies of 50-1000 cells. These methods are based on stoichiometric generation of ATP from ADP with GTP and UTP serving as phosphate donors, followed by measurement of ATP with firefly luciferase. This technique has been used to generate dose-response curves describing the effects of mycophenolic acid and pyrazofurin on individual colonies of Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 6661256 TI - Induction of histidine decarboxylase in mouse tissues by mitogens in vivo. AB - Various types of mitogenic substances, such as a Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen, polyI:polyC (a synthetic double-stranded RNA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (a component of croton oil), induced histidine decarboxylase (HDC) in the liver, spleen and lung of mice at 4.5 hr after injection. Other inflammatory agents without mitogenic activity, such as zymosan, carrageenan, glycogen, D galactosamine and N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, did not induce the enzyme. Both LPS (a B-cell mitogen) and Con A (a T-cell mitogen) induced HDC also in nude mice that lack T-cells, indicating that T-cells are not required for HDC induction by mitogens. C3H/HeJ mice, which are LPS-low responder mice in various immunological tests, were quite a bit less responsive to LPS also in the HDC induction. These results show that mitogens with different properties can induce HDC as a common characteristic. On the basis of these results, the possible participation of macrophages in the process of HDC induction by mitogens was discussed. PMID- 6661257 TI - Alkali lability of deoxyribonucleic acid that contains adenine arabinoside. AB - We have demonstrated previously that 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl adenosine (ara-A), like 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (ara-C), incorporates exclusively into DNA, not RNA [Kufe et al., Cancer Res. 43, 2000 (1983)]. We have also demonstrated that (ara-C)DNA is degraded by alkali [Major et al., Biochem. Pharmac. 31, 861 (1982)], suggesting a structural instability of this abnormal nucleic acid. These findings have been extended by investigating the effects of various alkaline conditions on ara-A and (ara-A)DNA. The results indicate that the nucleoside was degraded under stringent conditions (0.4 M NaOH, 0.5 hr, 100 degrees) and that a similar effect occurred following exposure of (ara-A)DNA. The results also indicate that milder alkaline conditions (0.4 M NaOH, 6 hr, 37 degrees) resulted in strand scission of (ara-A)DNA at the 3'-carbon of the incorporated arabinosyl sugar without degradation of the ara-A moiety itself. These findings may be useful when attempting to purify (ara-A)DNA and confirm the structural instability of arabinosyl-containing DNA. PMID- 6661258 TI - Effects of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine on levels of deoxyribonucleic acid precursors in uninfected and herpes simplex virus-infected cells. PMID- 6661259 TI - Interactions of combretastatin, a new plant-derived antimitotic agent, with tubulin. PMID- 6661260 TI - Inhibition of the growth of cultured cells and an implanted fibrosarcoma by aroylhydrazone analogs of the Gly-His-Lys-Cu(II) complex. PMID- 6661261 TI - Effect of acute cocaine administration on the metabolism of antipyrine in vivo. PMID- 6661262 TI - Catecholamine secretion by perfused bovine adrenal medulla in response to nicotinic activation is inhibited by muscarinic receptors. PMID- 6661263 TI - Volatile hydrocarbons from hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes and their cell components. PMID- 6661264 TI - Ferric nitrilotriacetate: a potent stimulant of in vivo lipid peroxidation in mice. PMID- 6661265 TI - Peroxidase-catalysed covalent binding of the antitumor drug 2N-methyl-9-hydroxy ellipticine to proteins. PMID- 6661266 TI - Human and rat urinary metabolites of the antitumor drug Celiptium (N2-methyl-9 hydroxyellipticinium acetate, NSC 264137). Identification of cysteine conjugates supporting the "biooxidative alkylation" hypothesis. PMID- 6661267 TI - The modulating effect of an inhibitor of cholesterolgenesis present in bovine milk upon the synthesis of cholesterol, dolichol and ubiquinone. AB - Bovine milk contains two inhibitors of hepatic cholesterol genesis. One of these, identified as orotic acid, influences the early segment of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and suppresses the conversion of acetate to mevalonate. In this study the other inhibitor was shown to curtail the formation of compounds past farnesyl pyrophosphate on the squalene-cholesterol branch of the pathway. Thus cholesterol synthesis may be suppressed while the production of two other products of the branched pathway, dolichol and ubiquinone, is allowed to continue. The possible role of these ingested regulators in the metabolism of the young until they achieve sufficient development is discussed. PMID- 6661268 TI - Partial structure of the active moiety of a lipoprotein complexing proteoglycan from human aorta. AB - Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans of the intima-media extracellular matrix have been stated to play a role in lipoprotein deposition associated with atherogenesis. It is therefore important to characterize the active lipoprotein complexing moiety of these macromolecular aggregates. We have isolated a soluble proteoglycan aggregate of approximately 5 X 10(6) molecular weight after homogenization of human aortic intima-media in an isosmotic sucrose solution, sequential differential centrifugation, dialysis, exclusion chromatography and preparative electrophoresis. This proteoglycan aggregate, labelled lipoprotein complexing proteoglycan (LCP), has been previously shown to form specific complexes with low density lipoproteins, either isolated or in sera. Density gradient centrifugation in dissociative conditions of the LCP, cellulose acetate acetate electrophoresis of the subfractions, chondroitinases treatment and high performance liquid chromatography of the unsaturated disaccharides indicated that the glycosaminoglycan moiety was composed of 56% chondroitin-6-SO4, 26% hyaluronate and/or undersulfated chondroitin and 17% chondroitin-4-SO4. In pore gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the hyaluronate monomer appeared to have a molecular weight of 250000 while that of the chondroitin sulfates ranged between 50000 and 70000 after extensive treatment with protease. The fractions enriched in the chondroitin sulfate monomers were the most reactive towards LDL and their reactivity was abolished by chondroitinase AC indicating that the lipoprotein-complexing capacity of the LCP aggregate is associated to these molecules. PMID- 6661269 TI - Effects of hypertension and hypercholesteremia on the permeability of fibrinogen and low density lipoprotein in the coronary artery of rabbits. Immunoelectron microscopic study. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the effects of hypertension and/or hypercholesteremia on atherogenesis, with special reference to permeation and deposition of fibrinogen and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the coronary artery, we studied electron-microscopically the localization of fibrinogen and LDL. In the untreated control rabbits, fibrinogen was localized in the caveolae and vesicles of the endothelial cells and in very small amounts in the subendothelial spaces of the coronary artery. Hypertension or hypercholesteremia was related to an enhanced insudation of fibrinogen into the subendothelial spaces of the coronary artery. The insudation of fibrinogen seemed to have occurred by way of vesicular transport and, to some extent, by junctional transport. LDL was localized only in the caveolae and vesicles of the endothelial cells of the coronary artery in the untreated control rabbits. LDL was deposited in the subendothelial space of the hypercholesteremic rabbits, with or without hypertension. Despite the lack of clear-cut and direct evidence, the insudation of LDL into the intima appeared to be enhanced by way of vesicular transport. PMID- 6661270 TI - Changes in very low and low density lipoproteins with dietary fat modification. AB - Since VLDL and LDL are involved in atherogenesis, their response to dietary modification was studied in 15 normal male prisoners. A 3-month reference diet (P/S ratio 0.3, daily cholesterol intake 370 mg) was compared with a modified fat diet (P/S 1.0, 250 mg) given for further 3 months. The decrement in serum cholesterol by 32 mg/dl reflected a decrease in VLDL and LDL. It was associated with a decrease in serum apolipoprotein B by 16 mg/dl and in serum apolipoprotein E by 1.2 mg/dl. The decrement in VLDL cholesterol was paralleled by a lowered VLDL apolipoprotein E content. Serum and VLDL triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and the serum apolipoproteins A-I and A-II did not change significantly. One beneficial result of a conventional dietary regimen is lowered LDL with unaffected HDL. Another effect is the apparent modification of VLDL with a decrement of cholesterol and apolipoprotein E-enriched particles. PMID- 6661271 TI - Plasma HDL in non-insulin-dependent diabetes and the effect of various types of treatment. AB - High density lipoprotein was studied in a group of non-insulin-dependent diabetics in relation to treatment with the hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas and biguanides. The effect of these drugs on hyperlipidaemia was also studied. HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) was reduced in all the diabetics, with no differences between the three groups studied:--diet-treated, SU-treated and biguanide-treated. The SU treated group had lower cholesterol and triglycerides than the non-treated group. Biguanide treatment only affected the triglycerides level, but the difference from the non-treated group was not significant. PMID- 6661272 TI - A two-year analysis of giardiasis at the University Teaching Hospital in Calabar, Nigeria. PMID- 6661273 TI - [Hepatic fascioliasis diagnosed by endoscopic cholangiography]. PMID- 6661274 TI - [Seroepidemiological study of human hydatidosis by the indirect hemagglutination reaction, in the municipality of Lonquimay (IX Region, Chile)]. PMID- 6661275 TI - [Human hydatidosis: contribution of immunodiagnosis for the detection, notification and registration of cases in the Province of Rio Negro, Argentina]. PMID- 6661276 TI - [Contracaecum sp. larvae in Galaxia platei from Calafquen Lake, Chile]. PMID- 6661277 TI - [Stephanoprora denticulata (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae) in gulls from the south of Chile]. PMID- 6661278 TI - The hippocampus, time and working memory. AB - Rats were trained on a discrete trial working memory leverpress alternation task, following hippocampal lesions (HC), cortical control lesions (CC) or sham operations (SO). Each trial consisted of a forced information response, for which a randomly selected lever was presented followed by a free choice stage, when both levers were presented. The rats were rewarded for pressing the lever which had not been presented at the information stage. When the information response was not rewarded, all rats learnt the task equally well at IRIs of up to 12.75 sec. When the information response was rewarded, the HC rats showed impaired choice accuracy. The extent of this impairment depended on the IRI, being greatest at long IRIs, and least at short ones. Varying the number of leverpresses required to complete the information response affected choice accuracy equivalently in all groups: all rats chose significantly less accurately when only one leverpress was required than when ten leverpresses were required. There was no interaction between the lesion treatments and the information response requirements. It was concluded that both the length of the IRI and the occurrence of events during the IRI determine the extent of the hippocampal lesion-induced performance deficit in working memory tasks. It is proposed that hippocampal damage disrupts an intermediate-term, high-capacity memory buffer, but leaves both a residual short-term memory system and the long-term retention of associations unaffected. This proposal leads to the prediction that reference memory tasks should also be affected by hippocampal lesions when a delay is introduced between making a response and being rewarded for doing so. PMID- 6661280 TI - Undernutrition of weanling and adult rats: effects on operant responding. AB - In the rat, brain growth is most vulnerable to undernutrition during the suckling period. Undernutrition at that stage also produces lasting effects on behaviour and it is often assumed that these are due to disturbances of brain growth. The proposal that this may not necessarily be so was explored by testing the behaviour of rats which had been undernourished at later stages of life and which, therefore, would be expected to show little or no deficit in brain growth. Rats were undernourished either immediately after weaning (25-67 days) or in adulthood (80-134 days) and were tested 3-4 months later on variable interval and variable ratio schedules of reinforcement with food as the reward. Their behaviour on these schedules was similar to that of rats undernourished during the suckling period: both groups responded or tended to respond at a higher rate than controls. Hence, it is possible that undernutrition at any stage in life may make animals more responsive to food when deprived subsequently. A cognitive mechanism for this change in behaviour is suggested. PMID- 6661279 TI - Upper visual space neglect and motor deficits after section of the midbrain commissures in the cat. AB - The neurological deficits following section of the midbrain commissures were studied in the cat. After a lesion of the commissures between the superior and inferior colliculi, with or without involvement of the posterior commissure, the animals showed a long lasting inattention for stimuli in the upper visual space, lack of exploratory head movements towards the neglected space, head ventroflexion and vertical paralysis of gaze. After a lesion of the commissure between the superior colliculi or of its rostral part only, the same symptomatology appeared, but it was short lasting. After a lesion of the posterior commissure, the head was kept dorsiflexed, the exploratory head movements towards the lower visual space were reduced and the stimuli presented in this space were often neglected. There was a paralysis of vertical eye movements. The findings are discussed in the frame of a premotor theory of neglect. PMID- 6661281 TI - Flicker sensitivity changes after subcortical visual system lesions in the rat. AB - Sensitivity to sinusoidal flicker, as a function of flicker frequency, was measured behaviourally in hooded rats by reducing modulation depth in a two choice flicker versus no-flicker discrimination until subjects could not perform at above 80% correct. Analogous methods were used to measure spatial contrast sensitivity. In both tasks the display area was 24 x 20 degrees. Bilateral lesions were made in one of 4 structures; superior colliculus (SC), pretectum (PRT), posterior thalamus (PT), or ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGv). A fifth group served as sham operated controls. On the basis of histology the LGv group was subdivided according to presence or absence of optic tract damage. PT, PRT and LGv lesions produced a statistically significant depression in flicker sensitivity, the impairment in the LGv sub-group with optic tract damage being significantly greater than that in the LGv group with optic tract sparing. In the latter, post-operative sensitivity correlated significantly with amount of surviving tissue in the thalamic radiations but not with surviving LGv itself. PRT and LGv lesions that involved the optic tract also significantly depressed spatial contract sensitivity. The implications of the finding, that PT and LGv lesions may depress flicker sensitivity without affecting spatial vision, for interpretation of the effects of comparable lesions on suprathreshold discrimination are discussed. PMID- 6661282 TI - Effects of lateral suprasylvian visual cortex lesions on visual localization, discrimination, and attention in cats. AB - Experiments were carried out to begin to define the behavioral functions of the lateral suprasylvian (LS) visual area of the cat's cortex. Behavioral tasks were chosen for analysis on the basis of previous suggestions in the literature concerning possible functions of LS cortex and its afferent pathways. These tasks included the ability of cats to orient the head and eyes to a stimulus presented in particular locations in the visual field, the ability to learn successive reversals of a two-choice visual pattern discrimination, and the ability to maintain or shift attention between relevant or irrelevant visual form and brightness cues. Eight cats were trained on each of these tasks. Four of the cats then received bilateral lesions of LS cortex, including the AMLS and PMLS regions, and the remaining 4 cats were used to assess normal retention. The LS cortex lesions had no significant effect upon performance of any of the behaviors tested. Thus, this region of cortex appears to play no essential role in simple brightness, form, and pattern discrimination performance, visual reversal learning, maintaining and shifting visual attention, or orienting the head and eyes to stimuli in the visual field. These results are discussed in relation to previous lesion studies involving large regions of the cat's extrastriate cortex and studies in other species. Possible functions of LS cortex, based upon recent electrophysiological studies, are suggested. PMID- 6661283 TI - The effects of dorsal bundle lesions on serial and trace conditioning. AB - The performance of rats with neurotoxic lesions of the dorsal ascending noradrenergic bundle (DB) was compared with that of sham-operated control animals under two behavioural conditions. Animals with DB lesions were slower than controls to acquire a classically-conditioned emotional response (conditioned suppression) with a trace interval interposed between the clicker conditioned stimulus (CS) and the shock reinforcer. However, if the latter half of the trace interval was filled by a second stimulus, a light, the DB-lesioned animals acquired conditioned suppression to the clicker faster than did controls under the same conditions. These results are discussed in terms of the attentional theory of DB function. PMID- 6661284 TI - Retention of conditioned inhibition of the nictitating membrane response in decorticate rabbits. AB - Rabbits were trained on a Pavlovian conditioned inhibition (CI) task using light as the reinforced conditional stimulus (CS) and the same light compounded with a tone as the non-reinforced CS. The conditional response was the nictitating membrane response (NMR). The subjects then received an extensive neocortical lesion or a sham operation. After 9 weeks postoperative recovery, the animals were retrained on the CI task. Sham operated control animals showed immediate and high levels of CI retention but the decorticates showed a profound initial loss, showing that there is a cortical influence in CI. Reacquisition of CI by the decorticates was rapid and showed considerable savings over de novo acquisition. This supports our earlier finding that the neocortex is not essential for the acquisition of CI. PMID- 6661285 TI - Red nucleus lesions disrupt the classically conditioned nictitating membrane response in rabbits. AB - Sixteen rabbits received classical conditioning of the right nictitating membrane response using a tone CS and electrostimulation of the right eye as the US. Single electrocoagulating RF lesions of the medial portion of the left magnocellular red nucleus eliminated or severely reduced the previously acquired conditioned response. This finding is consistent with the idea that an essential anatomical substrate of the conditioned response includes a circuit from the cerebellum to the contralateral red nucleus which projects contralaterally in turn to pontine motoneurons mediating the defensive nictitating membrane response. PMID- 6661286 TI - Lateralization for orientation in split-brain monkeys. AB - Split-brain monkeys learned with each cerebral hemisphere to discriminate lines differing in slope by 15 degrees. This type of spatial discrimination is usually performed better by the right hemisphere of humans. The left hemisphere of 8 monkeys learned this type of problem much more readily than did the right hemisphere. Learning to discriminate simple patterns in the same apparatus was done equally well by either hemisphere, demonstrating that the lateralized ability is specific to the stimuli employed. PMID- 6661287 TI - The risk of hepatitis A virus infection for hospital staff. AB - The prevalence of antiHA was assessed in 594 hospital employees and in control groups comprising 932 "healthy" adults not working in the hospital, selected from different socioeconomic classes. Age specific antiHA prevalence which was lower in doctors than in nurses and ancillary staff, was also found to be lower in each group than in the respective controls, matched according to socioeconomic criteria. It is concluded that in our population (i.e. high risk area) the hospital environment does not involve an increased risk of HAV infection for personnel. However, precautions should be taken when working in high risk department, as this study demonstrated that a considerable proportion of health care workers (above all doctors) are still susceptible to Hepatitis A virus infection. PMID- 6661289 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica: biotypes and serotypes isolated from horticultural products]. AB - A survey has been carried out for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica (Y.e.) in horticultural products. 100 samples of these vegetables have been examined among the families of Compositae (lettuce, prickly lettuce, cabbage lettuce, common chicory, artichoke), Umbrelliferae (curly parsley, carrot, celery, fennel), Cruciferae (garden cabbage, red radish), Liliaceae (onion), and Solanaceae (tomato). 12 strains have been recorded in carrots (serotype 0:6.30), 1 strain in curly parsley (0:4.32), 3 in celery (0:7.8 and 0:6.30), and 1 in red radish (NAG). 0:6.30--the most commonly serotype found in the horticultural products--can be of special significance in human pathology, since the reference strain (IP 102) has been first isolated from man; besides, 0:6.30 has been recovered from four cases of human infection, and represents the most frequently isolated serotype from humans in Canada, together with 0:3, 0:5.27 and 0:9. According to other Authors, in can be assumed that "environmental" strains of Y.e. may also acquire virulence and cause infection in man. Moreover, a high number of environmental biotypes in foods may mask the presence and recovery of such strains involved in human pathology. PMID- 6661288 TI - Hepatitis B in two Italian General Hospitals. AB - A study to evaluate the extent of Hepatitis B among Hospital Staff in two hospitals in central Italy, blood tested 1212 individuals (80.2% of the staff). 33.7% of staff tested was positive to at least 1 marker of prior B hepatitis infection. The study confirms that B hepatitis is an occupational hazard for those exposed to blood. Specific risks in terms of odds ratios are estimated to be about 2.0 for professional nurse compared to other nursing categories, about 1.7 for staff in high risk departments compared to low risk departments and about 5.0 for professional nurses in high risk departments compared to clerks or nurses aides in low risk departments. The computation of attributable risk indicates that working in a hospital contributes only a minor fraction of the total national burden of this disease. However, immunization of hospital workers in Italy can prevent every year as many as 6,500 new Hepatitis B infections in this high risk group. PMID- 6661290 TI - [Differentiation of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from cases of infantile gastroenteritis]. AB - Eighty Campylobacter thermophilic group strains were isolated from 79/813 (9.7%) fecal specimens obtained from infantile gastroenteritis cases in the period January 1981-December 1982. Sixty C. jejuni biotype 1, 1 C. jejuni biotype 2, 19 C. coli strains were identified on the basis of the schema proposed by Skirrow and Benjamin (8,9). Using the schema outlined by Hebert et al. (3) 4 biotypes were identified among the 60 C. jejuni biotype 1 strains: biotype 3 with 27 strains, biotype 4 with 14 strains, biotype 1 with 13 strains, biotype 2 with 6 strains. Four biotypes were also identified among the 19 C. coli strains: biotype 8 with 14 strains, biotype 5 and 7 with 2 strains, biotype 6 with 1 strain. Of the 80 strains isolated, 64 (51 C. jejuni and 13 C. coli) were assayed for typing. Data obtained with a passive hemagglutination technique showed a great variety of serotypes, the most common of which were serotypes 1 (12.5%) and 2 (10.9%), found in the species C. jejuni biotype 1 only. Seventeen strains could not be typed, the greatest percentage of them having being found among biotype 8 (7 out of 10 tested). This study has thus revealed a wide variety of species, biotypes and serotypes among the thermophilic campylobacters isolated in the Sienese Area. PMID- 6661291 TI - [Bacteriological study at the vaginal level in sexually active women]. AB - We have studied the microbiological environment of the vagina in 202 sexually active women when they came into an outpatient gynecological hospital. By some specific bacterioscopic and cultural examinations we have tried to understand the pathological role of some microrganism in sexually transmitted diseases. An elevated incidence of mycoplasm in asymptomatic subjects has shed light on the probable saprophytic behaviour of these microrganisms. PMID- 6661292 TI - [Streptococcal seroepidemiology: comparison of 3 methods]. AB - Streptococcal antibodies survey in adult population. In a series of 1609 hospitalized adult patients, without symptoms of acute or chronic streptococcal rheumatism, the level of antistreptococcal antibodies was measured, using three technical methods: the traditional one, i.e., antistreptolysim titer (ASLO); streptozyme titer (STZ) and the anti-C-polysaccharide technique (Microstreptokit, MSK); by the mutual comparison of these three antigens it was possible to ascertain some differences of the antibody response. In a mass survey it appears useful the use of two methods, i.e., ALSO and MSK; in investigations aiming at recognizing the cases with cardiac or rheumatic silent lesions the couple MSK-STZ appears to be more reliable. To ensure a more sure covering of the whole field of streptococcal silent infections, the three methods should be used together. PMID- 6661293 TI - The multitest system for delayed hypersensitivity evaluation. Standardized result in an Italian adult population. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity was evaluated by means of Multitest System in 50 healthy Italian adults. Results were checked for homogeneity, comparability and reliability assays. Strict antigen and technique standardization warranted closely homogeneous results. Booster effect did not occur. Data evaluation was not depending on individual reader. Multitest System appears to be the most reliable method to evaluate delayed hypersensitivity and cellular immunity in man. PMID- 6661294 TI - [Domestic Acari in Sardinia]. AB - In Sardinia, a great Mediterranean island, house dust mites allergy is very spread. This investigation was carried out to determine the species, occurrence and abundance of mites in the house dust of sensitized subjects. 55 samples of house dust were examined and the mites fauna identified. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the most abundant (54% of the found mites), and the most frequent mite (94.5%). Two others pyroglyphid species were recovered: Dermatophagoides farinae and Euroglyphus maynei that were common in Sardinian house dusts. The frequency with which E. maynei was found in this region (50%) suggests that he may well be an important cause of allergy in this region underestimated. Several species of storage mites were common in house dust, chiefly Glycyphagid and Acarid species, that have been shown to provoke strong reactions in sensitized subjects. The Mediterranean climate, and its effect on the physical conditions within the house, and the personal life style of the inhabitants are the most important factors associated with high mite numbers in Sardinian house dust. PMID- 6661295 TI - ELISA determination of IgM anti-LPS in the early phase of typhoid fever. AB - Sera from typhoid fever patients in the early stage of the disease were tested for the presence of IgM antibodies to LPS of S. typhi by an ELISA method. IgM anti-LPS were present in all 10 typhoid patients, while they were undetectable in sera from both normal and febrile controls. Determination of IgM anti-LPS can be a diagnostic aid in the early phase of typhoid fever. PMID- 6661296 TI - Thymostimulin in pneumology. PMID- 6661297 TI - [Anti-inflammatory activity in dermatologic formulations of 3 carboxymethylthiotriazoles]. PMID- 6661298 TI - [Mannich ketobases with narcotic antagonist activity]. PMID- 6661299 TI - Phytotherapeutic profile of some plants used in folk medicine. AB - The effect of nine vegetable extracts was evaluated on the carrageenin-induced oedema in the rat. Our results show that the above extracts are able to exert - at different degree - a very marked decrease of the inflammed site related to the presence in the considered plants of several active biologically compounds as sterols and flavonoids. Preliminary chemical analysis of these vegetables are also reported. PMID- 6661300 TI - Heart rate variability at the onset of efferent vagal stimulations in the rabbit. AB - Vagal stimulations were performed in 6 anesthetized rabbits for single cardiac cycles. The distribution of effects over 6 consecutive cardiac cycles was described as a function of varying intervals between P waves and stimuli (P-St): the response on the first couple of cycles is affected by P-St whilst the effects decline regularly over successive cycles. Stimulation of 6 consecutive cycles showed rapid rise and subsequent slow increment of the response. Results interpreted as evidence for intracellular accumulation of a restraining factor for heart rate due to vagal stimulation. PMID- 6661301 TI - [Transmural distribution of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase in the left ventricle of the rat]. AB - The changes in hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-DH) and glutamate aspertate aminotransferase (GOT) activities with the location of tissue within the left ventricle wall have been explored in the rat myocardium. The hearts were cut in 100 micron thick serial sections (see 4) and all sections spectrophotometric procedures (5). No significant transmural gradient in HK activity was observed but the levels of G6P-DH and of GOT activities were significantly higher in the subepicardial tissue and were at their lowest levels in the midmyocardial layers. Our data and previous observations (3,6) indicate that adptions to regional differences in the cardiac work load occurred in the left ventricle wall but that the transmural patterns of enzyme distribution may change with the different animal specie. PMID- 6661302 TI - [Organogenesis of cranial ganglia in the chick embryo: a comparison of the development of blood vessels and neurocytodifferentiation]. AB - Neurohistogenetic and vasculogenetic processes have been analytically compared in several cranial ganglia, ciliary (III nerve), semilunar (V nerve), vestibulocochlear (VIII nerve), petrosal (IX nerve) and nodose (X nerve), of chicken embryos from the 3rd to the 12th incubation day. The results indicate that during the organogenesis of these ganglia the formation of the first intrinsic vessels and the successive development of vascular networks follow the beginning and, respectively, the main steps of the neuroblast morphological maturation. The differences noticed by the Authors as concerns the chronological sequence showed by the vasculogenetic events in the various ganglia have been ascribed to the different proceeding of the neurohistogenesis since blood vessels first appear and build networks where the ganglionic development and differentiation are more precocious. PMID- 6661303 TI - Chronic electrode for long-term electrophysiological recording from insect chemosensilla. AB - Insertion of a chronic, non-damaging Pt electrode for electrophysiological recording from chemosensilla in Phormia is described. The experimental procedure did not modify in a significant way the survival capabilities or the general behaviour of the operated insects as compared to control, untreated ones. This method, which allows the performance of subsequent tests on the same specimen up to its full lifespan with fairly constant results, proved to be suitable in long term experiments on the chemosensory function of insects. PMID- 6661304 TI - Mechanism of JH influence on the function of labellar chemosensilla in Phormia: experimental suggestions. AB - The aim of this research study was to determine at which level the JH effect of increasing chemosensillar sensitivity in Phormia could take place. Two-day-old adult female Phormia regina (Meigen) flies were used. Variations in electrical resistance and spike firing frequency of labellar chemosensilla stimulated with NaCl solutions were measured before and after topical application of a JH analogue (JHA). Variations in the above two parameters were also determined in a group of control flies. Results showed that an inverse linear relationship exists between electrical resistance and spike firing frequency in both JHA-treated and control flies. On this basis, we conclude that the above sensitivity variations depend on a mechanism common to both groups of flies. As regards the mode of action of this mechanism, we suggest that JH may influence the mucopolysaccharide secretory function of the accessory cells, the activity of which seems to account for changes in electrical resistance and therefore in sensitivity of the labellar chemosensilla. PMID- 6661305 TI - Inhibiting action of fusicoccin on the ethylene production of Pisum sativum. AB - The ability of several auxins to induce C2H4 production was examined. There is an ability scale among the various products in which IAA is the more efficient compound while 2,4-D seems to be the less efficient one. As well as other general phenomena, e.g. enlargement or weight increase, even in this case a biphasic action seems to exist, with an activation at the lower concentrations and an inhibition at the higher ones. The dose corresponding to the critical point, in which one can observe the inversion of the response, seems to be common to all the substances and to be 1 X 10(-4)M. Subsequently we verified the FC influence on the C2H4 production in the presence of the optimal dose of different auxins. The inhibiting action exerted by the toxine is a function of the concentration and does not depend on the inducing substance. The FC determines a drastic reduction in C2H4 production, nearly 60%, for the entire range of the concentrations studied. The described data give evidence of a strong FC interference on ethilene production of etiolated pea internodes. PMID- 6661306 TI - [Separation of monocytes and their use in a cytotoxicity test]. AB - Observations of acute rejections in uremic patients transplanted with Kidney grafts from Human Leucocyte Antigens (HLA) identical or compatible donors have suggested the importance of the role play by antigens not codified by the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Some works detected anti-monocytes antibodies that could not be absorbed with platelets (HLA-ABC) or with B lymphocytes (HLA DR) or granulocytes but only with endothelial cells. Since endothelial cells and monocytes share not HLA surface determinants. Methods to isolate monocytes and endothelial cells have been attempted. We isolated monocytes by Percoll gradients. We checked the purity of our cell population by using monoclonal monocytes. From 30 ml of whole blood we obtained a mean of 50 X 10(6) (min. 12, 6 X 10(6) max 14 X 10(-6] mononuclear cells. After centrifugation of Percoll gradients we recovered a mean 7, 8 X 10(6) cells (Low 1, 3 X 10(6); max. 15 X 10(6] in the monocytes interface. By testing with monoclonal antibodies we found that a mean of 68, 95% (min. 58%; max. 82%) of these cells were living monocytes. We used the cell suspension to detect anti-monocyte antibodies in sera from 171 politransfused uremic patients with long incubation NIH cytotoxicity test. PMID- 6661307 TI - [An electron microscope study of the inner circular layer and related interstitial Cajal cells of the small intestine of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) during its annual cycle]. AB - The inner portion of the circular layer (the special layer) of the small intestine of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) and its related interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) were studied by electron microscopy for the first time in the literature. Hedgehogs were studied in active conditions, during hibernation and at arousal. The structure of the inner portion of the circular layer of the hedgehog is similar to that observed in other mammals a special layer formed by thin muscle cells may be recognized; a plexus muscularis profundus (PMP) and ICC are localized between this layer and the outer portion of the circular layer; the PMP is rich in varicosities with many synaptic vesicles (both small agranular and large granular vesicles); most varicosities are in close contact with the ICC; the ICC are closely resembling those described for man, since they have several cytological features very similar to those of smooth muscle cells. During hibernation glycogen particles and caveolae are very numerous and the Golgi apparatus is poorly developed both in the ICC and in the smooth muscle cells of the special layer; in the PMP the synaptic vesicles, especially the large granular ones, are greatly reduced in number. At the beginning of arousal the glycogen particles disappear; at the end of arousal the caveolae are as numerous and the Golgi apparatus as large as in the active conditions both in ICC and in smooth muscle cells. The synaptic vesicles, following the gradual increase of body temperature, become numerous and at the end of arousal their number is similar to or greater than in active conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661308 TI - [Duration limit of moderately heavy work activity in technically unfavorable environments]. AB - The working time in work places thermically uncomfortable must be limited in order to prevent the risk of thermal stress. The Authors measure the environmental microclimatic parameters (dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, globe temperature, natural wet bulb temperature, air speed, vapor pressure) in twenty working sites of a thermal power plant. Starting from the values obtained, they calculate the safe exposure times under unfavourable thermal conditions by means of four different methods (WBGT, time weighted average WBGT, allowable exposure time-AET, required sweat rate index). The results are critically analysed. PMID- 6661309 TI - [Measurement of cutaneous evaporation. 4. Cutaneous water loss in heart disease]. AB - The purpose of this research is the measurement of the cutaneous water loss in not influenced by very specific therapies. Ep I in order to compare it with the values of normal people. We found a statistical significant increase of the CWL that is 23 cardiopathic patients by the evaporimeter. PMID- 6661310 TI - [Measurement of cutaneous evaporation. 5. Cutaneous water loss in peripheral vascular disease]. AB - The purpose of this research is the measurement of the cutaneous water loss in 19 angiopathie patients by the Evaporimeter. Ep I in order to compare it with the values of normal people. We found a statistical significant increase of the CWL without difference between the normal and pathologic limb. PMID- 6661311 TI - [Measurement of cutaneous evaporation. 6. Cutaneous water loss in the people of Somalia]. AB - The purpose of this research is the measurement of the cutaneous water loss in the 29 young and healthy Somalian people by the Evaporimeter. Ep I in order to compare it with the values of the european people. We did not find any significant difference. PMID- 6661312 TI - Preliminary study of the pectolytic activity of Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus. AB - A preliminary study was done on the pectolytic activity of Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus. Cell-free culture broths of six strains of this yeast species were shown to degrade pectin hydrolytically by means of a polygalacturonase pectinmethylesterase system. Neither pectin nor pectate lyase activities were detected. PMID- 6661313 TI - [Serological typing of Salmonella in the Aquilano area]. AB - During the years '80 and '81 16 stocks of Salmonellae are been isolated from 1200 coprocoltures coming from no hospital subjects in the Sanitary and Prophylaxis Laboratory. The percentage of positivity(1, 33%) is par from the last research carried out in 1977 and it is par from other researches in other countries. We confirm that women, more than men, are bearer(1, 65% against 1, 10%) the isolated species are 7, with a slight prevalence of the Salmonella anatum. PMID- 6661314 TI - [Comparative analysis of the facilitating effects induced on muscular periphery by the microstimulation of various cerebellar nuclei]. AB - The facilitatory effects evoked on the motor periphery by the activation of neuronal pools in cerebellar nuclei were analized in 13 cats. The aim of the work was to compare the frequency and the characteristics of the motor facilitations induced on the ipsilateral forelimb by the microstimulation of cerebellar foci in the fastigial (CBM or in the interposital (NIA) nucleus. CBM or NIA sites, previously identified for the motor effects, were microstimulated, together with the contralateral motor cortex, to give evidence of the facilitations. It was observed that 51% of the NIA motor sites, 46% of the rostral and 33% of the caudal CBM ones, were able, when activated, to evoke facilitatory effects on at least one muscle. The most frequent motor pattern observed following NIA microstimulation was the contraction of a proximal muscle and simultaneously the facilitation of a distal one. Similar responses were detected upon activation of neuronal pools in both zones of CBM. A good number of CBM foci (39% in the rostral division and 33% in the caudal one), however, was unable to induce facilitation, eliciting, upon stimulation, only massive axial movements. Distal muscles were involved by facilitatory effects in a higher number of cases following NIA stimulation (61% of all the facilitatory responses) than CBM rostral (39%) or caudal (43%) one. Furthermore, a particular characteristic of a good percentage of CBM facilitating foci (36% in rostral and 28% in caudal CBM) was the capability to elicit motor activity in the contralateral side and simultaneously facilitation in the ipsilateral one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661315 TI - Monoamine containing neurons in the pigeon brain stem and their terminal fields in the telencephalon. AB - Cellular localization of monoamines in the upper brain stem and distribution of their telencephalic terminal fields were studied in pigeons by fluorescence histochemistry. Two distinct cellular types were identified: one containing primary catecholamines (NE or DA), the other, 5-HT. In the telencephalon numerous DA axons were identified in the paleostriatum augmentatum and in the lobus paraolfactorius. The noradrenergic fibers were mainly concentrated in the Wulst regions which receive visual afferents from the dorsolateral thalamus. PMID- 6661316 TI - [Comparative research on blood amino acids among carriers of neoplasms in the digestive tract and other locations]. AB - Fasting serum aminoacid concentration was investigated and compared in terminal cancer patients with localisation both in the digestive and in other system. Statistical analysis showed that many aminoacids, and Essential ones in particular, are significantly lower in digestive cancer compared to other localisations. PMID- 6661317 TI - Interactions between tumor cells and vascular endothelium.-II) Light and electron microscopic studies. AB - Electron microscope technique was used to investigate the passage across the endothelial monolayer by murine tumor lines. After the initial adhesion, cancer cells induce a retraction of endothelium and migrate under vascular intima. Subsequently they spread on basement membrane showing a flattened shape, meanwhile endothelial cells reconstitute the monolayer. The four tumor lines show a similar behaviour being able to induce endothelial retraction and exposure of extracellular matrix and cross through the monolayer. The technique appears useful to study in details this multi-step process. PMID- 6661318 TI - [A method for erythrocyte filtration]. AB - Erythrocyte deformability is one of the most important factors on determining blood viscosity. Many microcirculation damages are caused by alteration of viscosity. We propose a method for evaluate erythrocyte filtration using Nucleopore membranes, to study erythrocyte deformability. Normal ranges are calculated in young healthy subjects. Mean filtration time is determined on 5 filtrations for every subject. Filtration rate is expressed by sec/ml and correlated whit haematocrit. The method is not easily utilizable, but it can be useful in the knowledge of the role of the erythrocyte deformability in the altered microcirculation. PMID- 6661319 TI - [A method for the assay of fibrinopeptide in plasma]. AB - Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels have been assayed in 10 normal subjects using a radioimmunoassay (RIA-mat FPA Mallinckrodt). Mean values were 0,97 +/- 0,46 ng/ml. The variation coefficient of the test was 4,82%. The method is well standardized and seems to be useful in the diagnosis of venous thrombosis and in the control of heparin treatment. It seems to be also useful in the evidentiation of an activation af the coagulation system in some diseases (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes etc.) PMID- 6661320 TI - [Changes in the density gradient distribution of erythrocytes during the menstrual cycle]. AB - Modifications in erythrocyte density distribution were evaluated, by means of centrifugation on Ficoll-Triosil discontinuous density gradient, in five healthy young women during menstrual cycle. Oestradiol and progesterone plasma levels were tested, showing normal and typically ovulatory-like variations during the cycle. Youngest cell populations showed always quantitative increases from the follicular to the ovulatory phase of the cycle, reverting to basal values in the luteal phase. Possible hormonal or haemorrhagic causes are discussed. PMID- 6661321 TI - [Microcytological characteristics of reticulocytes in heterozygous beta thalassemia]. AB - Mean reticulocyte volume (MRV) and reticulocyte/nonreticulated erythrocyte (R/E) area ratio were determined by a planimetric method in normals and in heterozygous beta-thalassaemia subjects. The MRV in beta-thalassaemia group was significantly less, whereas no difference in the R/E area ratio was observed. These data suggest that in both groups the extent of splenic surface remodeling of the red cells should overlap, whereas the small reticulocyte size of beta-thalassaemia is determined by some alteration of bone marrow function. We suggest that a small MRV in beta-thalassaemia trait could also account for ineffective erythropoiesis, a major bone marrow feature of heterozygous beta-thalassaemia. PMID- 6661322 TI - [Blood amino acids in chronic HBsAg positive liver disease]. AB - Typical changes in blood aminoacid concentrations have been described in patients with severe liver disease. In this study we measured the serum amino acid levels, by Beckman Aminoacid Analyzer, in 11 healthy subjects and 24 HBsAg-positive patients with biopsy-proven liver disease (4 CPH, 10 CAH, 10 cirrhosis). A significant decrease in total aminoacids was observed in CAH and cirrhosis groups (-24% and -22% respectively). The three branched chain aminoacids (BCAA = val + leu + isoleu) were reduced by 24% (P less than 0.002) and 37% (P less than 0.001) in the CAH and cirrhosis groups respectively. Tyrosine was the only of the aromatic aminoacids (AAA) to increase in cirrhotics (+ 34%, P less than 0.02). The molar ratio BCAA/AAA was 3.6 in controls, 3.8 in CPH, 3.1 in CAH (P less than 0.025) and 1.9 in cirrhosis (P less than 0.001). A linear correlation was found between molar ratio BCAA/AAA and serum albumin in all patients (P less than 0.001). These results document the presence of specific quantitative changes in serum aminoacids of HBsAg positive patients, which appear related to severity of liver disease and comparable to the alterations described in non viral chronic liver disease. PMID- 6661323 TI - [Experimental study of brain development in the perinatal period--effects of anoxia and dexamethasone on thymidine kinase activity and DNA synthesis]. PMID- 6661324 TI - [Clinical study of tuberous sclerosis with epilepsy]. PMID- 6661325 TI - [Auditory evoked responses of the brain stem in degenerative disease of the brain in children]. PMID- 6661326 TI - [Management of epileptic children in the school environment--questionnaires of teachers]. PMID- 6661327 TI - [4 cases of minor motor seizures following bacterial meningitis--detection of the primary lesions by CT]. PMID- 6661328 TI - [Case of congenital fiber type disproportion]. PMID- 6661329 TI - [Spinal gyri with sulci divided by neural tracts--globoid cell leukodystrophy]. PMID- 6661331 TI - [Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials in newborn infants]. PMID- 6661330 TI - [Autopsy case of Reye's syndrome during developing remission of malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 6661332 TI - [Adrenoleukodystrophy--therapeutic trial through exchange transfusion]. PMID- 6661333 TI - [Agraphia of the left hand--its characteristics and mechanism of development]. AB - We observed 62 y.o. right-handed woman, whose truncus of corps callosum was damaged by infarction of left anterior cerebral artery, that was verified by coronal CT scan finding. She was apraxic and agraphic only with left hand. We examined the characteristics of her unilateral left agraphia from the point of quantitative and qualitative views. These analysis seemed to reveal three main characteristics of unilateral left agraphia of this patient. These were as follows; 1) productive, 2) neographic and 3) iterative. Another important feature of this patient was the mute state during her left-hand writing. Her left agraphia could not explained by apraxic factor, because her copying capacity was remarkably preserved in comparison with her dictation or written naming ability. Furthermore, this agraphia was not aphasic because her right-hand writing was almost intact. We agreed with Yamadori who insisted that this type of agraphia was neither apraxic nor aphasic, but the particular third agraphia which was named as "disconnection agraphia". We considered that the mute state during her left-hand writing might some kind of transient aphasia, which may reflect the functional disturbance of left hemisphere, and the reduced energy in the left hemisphere could increase the activity of right hemisphere. Partial interhemispheric disconnection might induce transient "linguistic anosognosia" in this patient. We believe that these transient hyperactivity and transient linguistic anosognosia could generate above mentioned characteristics of her left agraphia; productive, neographic and iterative. PMID- 6661334 TI - [Effect of dexamethasone on tumorous brain edema--changes in regional cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization]. AB - An experimental brain tumor was produced by implanting a piece of A.A. ascites tumor into the parietal brain of rat. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and glucose utilization (LCGU) were determined in this model with 14C-iodoantipyrine and 14C-deoxyglucose quantitative autoradiographic methods, respectively, to investigate the change of blood flow and glucose metabolism and the effect of dexamethasone in the brain with tumor. LCBF and LCGU in the peritumoral brain tissue were reduced 75% and 60%, respectively, compared with the values of the control. In the ipsilateral frontal and occipital cortical areas far from the tumor, 50% and 45% reduction of LCBF, respectively, was observed. More than 30% reduction of LCGU was seen in the same areas. In the caudate and corpus callosum ipsilateral to the tumor, LCBF was diminished 25% and 40%, respectively. LCGU was not significantly changed in these areas. No significant changes of LCBF and LCGU were observed in the contralateral hemisphere. In the dexamethasone-treated animal, the reduction of LCBF was less in all areas where it was reduced in the untreated animal. In the peritumoral brain tissue, LCBF was significantly higher compared to that of the untreated group, and 80% of the normal level. In the ipsilateral frontal and occipital cortical areas, caudate and corpus callosum, LCBF was about the same as that of the control group. In the animal treated with dexamethasone, quantitative analysis of LCGU could not be made because of high glucose levels in plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661335 TI - [31P-NMR analysis of high energy phosphorous compounds (ATP and phosphocreatine) in the living rat brain--effects of halothane anesthesia and a hypoxic condition]. AB - 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) measurements have provided new and valuable insights for studying the metabolism of living systems. The aim of this paper is to introduce a technique of application of 31P-NMR measurements using a surface coil method, and to discuss the effects of halothane anesthesia and hypoxic hypoxia on the energetic metabolism of intact rat brains. All measurements were made using a JEOL FX 270 spectrometer with a super conducting magnet of 54-mm bore diameter. The magnetic field intensity of this machine is 6.3 tesla, and the resonance frequency used for 31P was 109.14 MHz. We remodelled an ordinary probe to take a live rat, and the animals were made to inhale anesthetic halothane or mixture of oxygen and nitrogen at various concentrations controlled by a flow regulator. The best conditions for measurements with our surface coil method were determined in this study as follows: (1) 90 degrees pulse width and selectivity, Fig. 1 shows signal selectivity in depthwise direction changed with 90 degrees pulse width, which was set to 20 microseconds. (2) Sensitivity and resolution; To obtain a spectrum of 31P-NMR from a rat brain 500 accumulations of free induction decays were considered suitable for both time and space resolution. Fig. 2 shows variations of signal intensity with pulse repetition time, which was set to 2 sec. It took about 17 min for averaging to get a spectrogram. (3) Quantitative accuracy and qualification; As shown in Fig. 3, a linear relationship was found between the signal intensity of beta-phosphate of ATP and the concentration of ATP solutions, thus proving the quantitative accuracy of our systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661336 TI - [Immunological monitoring of brain tumors--prognosis and cellular immunity of patients with brain tumors]. AB - The usefulness of in vivo skin tests for reaction to purified protein derivative (PPD) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for assessment of cell mediated immunity was investigated among 31 patients with brain tumors. These included 22 gliomas and 9 metastatic brain tumors. Each patient was administered intradermal injections of 0.05 micrograms PPD and 0.5 micrograms PHA, and erythema was observed in each case. A positive reaction (erythema diameter greater than 10 mm) to PPD was observed in 8 (74%) of 11 low grade gliomas, 3 (27%) of 11 malignant gliomas and 6 (67%) of 9 metastatic brain tumors. A positive reaction (erythema diameter greater than 25 mm) to PHA was observed in 8 (74%) of 11 low grade gliomas, 4 (36%) of 11 malignant gliomas, and 6 (67%) of 9 metastatic brain tumors. In repeated PHA skin reaction tests conducted at intervals of one month, the reaction of the patients depended on their clinical state. Thirteen of the patients died. The PHA skin reaction of 7 of the 13 patients who survived for more than 6 months was all negative 6 months prior to death, and continued and repeated reaction tests did not result in a positive finding except for one patient with malignant glioma. In 10 of the 13, the PHA skin reaction was negative one month prior to death, and the final test result was negative for 11 of the 13.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661338 TI - [An autopsy case of transcortical motor aphasia]. AB - An autopsy case of transcortical motor aphasia is presented with a pathology located anterior and superior to the pars opercularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus. Case H. Y. A 60-year-old right-handed man. On Nov. 14, 1978, the patient had surgery to remove cerebral hematoma in the left frontal lobe. In the neuropsychological examination before the operation, he had shown the clinical features of transcortical motor aphasia characterized by good comprehension of language, preserved repetition, and spontaneous speech disorder. In this stage, it was supposed that the underlying disturbance of spontaneous speech was due to the disabilities of contextual constructions of sentences rather than the lack of speech initiation. Following the operation, however, spontaneous speech disappeared completely for several days. At the same time, the patient showed problems in comprehension, reading, writing and confrontation naming as well as symptoms of disorientation, pathological inertia and 'loss of initiation' in the psychomotor domain. During the following three months, however, the patient did show slight improvement, except for contextual sentence constructions and pathological inertia when taking the complex animal drawing test. In his terminal stages, the clinical symptoms could be summarized as transcortical motor aphasia and mild frontal lobe syndrome. On March 1, 1979, the patient died of Hamman-Rich syndrome. Postmortem examination: The brain weighed 1294 gm. The external observation of the brain disclosed the linear tissue defect, about 15 mm in length and 10 mm in width, along the radial sulcus of the pars triangularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661339 TI - [Hypertensive basal ganglionic hemorrhage with hemianopsia as the sole symptom- report of 2 cases]. AB - The majority of patients with sudden onset of homonymous hemianopia are caused by occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery. Apart from a subcortical hemorrhage in the occipital lobe, no previous cases of the hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage presenting isolated homonymous hemianopia have been reported. Since the introduction of computed tomography (CT), the authors have experienced two cases of hypertensive basal ganglionic hemorrhage (including a thalamic hemorrhage) showing homonymous hemianopia alone as the neurological manifestation. Both patients (age 40 and 45) are right-handed male with known hypertension. The CT scans demonstrated a hematoma laterally and posteriorly along the thalamus on the left side. The cerebral angiography were unremarkable. The authors discussed the mechanism presenting homonymous hemianopia without association of pyramidal signs. These two cases described above are unique, hypertensive basal ganglionic hemorrhage, presenting a localized damage in the optic peduncle with sparing the pyramidal tract. In addition, they are worthwhile to be paid attention, because of showing homonymous hemianopia as a single, neurological manifestation, as well as being able to be diagnosed only by CT. PMID- 6661337 TI - [Computed tomography of suprasellar cystic lesions]. AB - Difficulties are often encountered in the differential diagnosis of suprasellar cystic lesions in computed tomography (CT). During the past 5 years and 7 months we experienced 22 such cases. In this report we tried to review the characteristic CT findings for the differential diagnosis of these lesions. Population of this study is consisted by 7 pituitary adenomas (4 non-functioning adenomas, 2 prolactinomas and 1 GH-secreting adenoma), 8 craniopharyngiomas, 4 arachnoid cysts and 3 Rathke's cleft cysts. In cases of pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas, we included only those cases which were found to be completely cystic. Each case was scanned before and after contrast material injection and in majority of cases coronal scans were also obtained after contrast injection. The analysis was based on the CT appearance of the shape, the content and the wall of each cyst. The wall of the cyst was evaluated according to its thickness, density, presence of calcification and contrast enhancement. In 14 out of 22 cases the X-ray attenuation values of their content were calculated after setting the ROI in the cyst on the CT display console. Craniopharyngioma often showed calcification in its wall, which was not seen in the wall of pituitary adenoma. The wall of pituitary adenoma revealed contrast enhancement in all cases, but half of craniopharyngioma showed no contrast enhancement in its wall. These two points are useful for the differential diagnosis of these lesions which we encounter most frequently.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661340 TI - [Case of Moyamoya disease with agraphia caused by a frontal lesion]. AB - A 45-year-old woman showed agraphia and decreasing spontaneity. She was diagnosed as Moyamoya disease by cerebral angiography. CT scans revealed the abnormal low density area in the left frontal lobe, and the regional cerebral blood flow study showed low perfusion in the bilateral frontal lobe and the left high convexity area. She could copy specimens of the author's writing, but her spontaneous writing and dictation were impaired with either hand. The form of each letter she wrote was not so distorted, but wrong letters were substituted for the correct ones. Errors in Kana-writing were more common than in Kanji. Although her spontaneous speech was diminished, auditory comprehension, reading and constructional abilities were unaffected. She exhibited no agnosia and apraxia. Agraphia in this case was caused by a disconnection between the visual image and auditory image and/or between the visual image and kinesthetic image. Inner speech (Luria, AR et al, 1968) in this case might be disturbed, and decreasing spontaneity and delay of response resulted from the frontal lesion. The writing process may be constituted of many factors; images of visual, auditory and kinesthetic as well as primary functions of sensory and motor. Furthermore, it may be necessary for normal writing that one's inner speech, activities and intention of writing behavior are intact. PMID- 6661341 TI - Problems of post-marketing surveillance. PMID- 6661342 TI - Exercise-induced increments in plasma levels of propranolol and noradrenaline. AB - Exercise-induced changes in the plasma levels of propranolol and noradrenaline were determined in nine volunteers. Total plasma propranolol levels were increased during submaximal treadmill exercise, with exercise-induced increments of 13 +/- 4% at 4 h after the last dose, 18 +/- 7% at 9 h and 41 +/- 5% at 16 h. Exercise-induced increments in plasma propranolol were observed after single as well as repeated doses. During exercise, increments in plasma propranolol were correlated temporally with changes in plasma noradrenaline. Exercise-induced increments in plasma noradrenaline were greater during propranolol administration than during placebo periods. The changes in plasma propranolol concentration during exercise may reflect a redistribution of propranolol at its site(s) of action. PMID- 6661344 TI - The QT interval and cycle length: the influence of atropine, hyoscine and exercise. AB - Twenty-seven healthy male subjects of mean age 24.3 +/- 4.0 years and mean weight 74.9 +/- 9.1 kg took part in an investigation to assess the most suitable correction for the QT interval as a function of cardiac cycle length. 547 sets of data points were generated. Atropine 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 mg, and hyoscine 0.4 and 0.8 mg, and exercise on a bicycle ergometer at power levels of 50-250 watts together with post-exercise values were employed to obtain a range of heart rates. Simultaneous measurement of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were made. It was found that the traditional square root formula gave an unsatisfactory correction for the QT for supine subjects following atropine and hyoscine. The formula K = QT/RRN was linearized and fitted to the data by the least squares method and gave a best fit correction with N = 0.35, which is close to the cube root correction of Fridericia (1920). Neither stroke volume nor total peripheral resistance were found to provide a further enhancement of the correction. The relationship between QT and cycle length following the exercise protocol was found to be best represented by Bazett's correction but the complex changes in the QT produced by exercise were noted. These findings support the suggestion that either the cube root correction or the best fit correction with N = 0.35 provides a better correction factor than the traditional square root correction for the QT interval in clinical pharmacology experiments for data generated in resting patients. PMID- 6661343 TI - Effect of timolol on clinical features and echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in hyperthyroidism. AB - The effect of timolol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug on the clinical status, thyroid status and left ventricular function as measured by serial M-mode echocardiographic recordings was assessed in a double-blind randomised study in 18 hyperthyroid patients. A significant clinical improvement was documented after 2 weeks of timolol treatment compared with placebo. There was no evidence that timolol impaired peripheral monodeiodination of thyroxine (T4). There were significant increases in left ventricular fractional shortening (Fr. Sh.) and velocity of circumferential shortening (Vcf) as well as a significant decrease in the left ventricular systolic internal dimension (LVIDs) (all P less than 0.01) in the untreated thyrotoxic patients compared with a normal euthyroid control group. After timolol treatment (2/52) there were significant increases in LVIDs and LVIDd and a significant decrease in Vcf (all P less than 0.05). No further changes occurred after a further 2/52 treatment with carbimazole. The cardiac data suggest that both an augmented sympathetic drive and a direct effect of thyroid hormone on myocardial contractility are mediators of the haemodynamic changes in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6661345 TI - Dose-response relationships of intravenous hyoscine butylbromide and atropine sulphate on heart rate in healthy volunteers. AB - Heart-rate responses to intravenous hyoscine butylbromide, atropine and physiological saline in cumulative dosage regimens have been recorded in six healthy subjects. Atropine sulphate induced bradycardia at low, and tachycardia at higher, dose levels whereas hyoscine butylbromide caused only tachycardia but with a flatter dose-response relationship. Exact potency ratios could not be calculated because of the differing dose-response curves. However, an approximate estimate from a comparison of equiactive doses at the upper part of the curve yielded a value less than one half that obtained from the drugs' affinity constants in guinea-pig ileum. The findings suggest that, in addition to its action as a muscarinic antagonist, hyoscine butylbromide is a ganglion blocker in man as it is in animals. PMID- 6661346 TI - Cardiovascular effects of AQ-A 39 in healthy volunteers. AB - Ten healthy male volunteers performed maximal exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer. A control reading was obtained; at a second session propranolol 80 mg was given, and then placebo, 100 mg or 200 mg AQ-A 39 were administered in a randomised double-blind manner. At peak exercise, the heart rate averaged 191.6 beats/min during the control test, 185.8 beats/min after placebo, 172.4 beats/min with 100 mg of AQ-A 39 (-10%), 166.0 (beats/min) with 200 mg of AQ-A 39 (-13.4%); with 80 mg of propranolol, the heart rate averaged 132.8 beats/min and the workload accomplished was substantially lower than that accomplished with AQ-A 39 and placebo which remained the same as in the control test. No effect on blood pressure was observed. The rate pressure product was significantly reduced with AQ-A 39. PMID- 6661347 TI - A method for predicting the phototoxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - The photosensitisation potential of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been investigated in vivo using an irradiation monochromator. Evidence of abnormal, immediate photosensitivity was obtained in 13 of the 38 patients taking one of four out of seven different NSAIDs. A simple mathematical model was developed to predict the likelihood of photosensitivity occurring with a given drug by considering the mass of drug normally ingested, the spectral absorption characteristics of the drug, and the quantity and spectral quality of the radiation (e.g. sunlight) to which the patient may be exposed. PMID- 6661348 TI - Dose tolerance to lorazepam develop with once weekly dosing? AB - The effect of once weekly administration of lorazepam (2.5 mg) to benzodiazepine naive student volunteers was assessed in a number of performance tests and on self-ratings. Tolerance developed to the effects of lorazepam on finger-tapping and on self-ratings of dizziness. No tolerance was observed to the drug-induced impairment in a nonsense-syllable paired associate learning test or to the effects on self-ratings of sedation or on heart rate. It is suggested that the reduced impairment in the digit-symbol substitution test observed in weeks 2 and 3 of lorazepam treatment was due to a 'masked' practice effect rather than to tolerance. Test-retest correlation coefficients were calculated for all the tests used. The effect of lorazepam in each test was also correlated with its effect in the other tests. There were significant correlations in performance on placebo in the finger-tapping (r = 0.66), digit-symbol substitution (r = 0.94), symbol copying (r = 0.96) and nonsense-syllable learning (r = 0.74) tests. It is suggested that benzodiazepine experience should be given to drug-naive subjects before they are used in cross-over experiments that involve this class of compound, since the major change in impairment occurred between the first and second exposure to lorazepam. PMID- 6661349 TI - Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes by tricyclic antidepressants in human liver: characterization and partial resolution of cytochromes P-450. AB - Drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were determined in liver microsomes from six kidney-transplant donors, one tricyclic antidepressant-treated and five untreated donors. The tricyclic antidepressant treatment modifies neither the overall cytochrome P-450 content of the liver, nor enzymatic activities of 4-nitroanisole demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S transferase. Only benzphetamine and ketotifen demethylation and conjugation of bilirubin with UDP-glucuronic acid are markedly augmented (more than two-fold). Separation of the different cytochrome P-450 fractions on a DEAE cellulose column indicates a modification of the elution pattern: the fraction increased by tricyclic antidepressants is responsible for the enhanced monooxygenase activity towards benzopyrene and benzphetamine. PMID- 6661350 TI - Atenolol elimination in the neonate. AB - The elimination of the cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol has been studied in 35 neonates by measuring drug concentration in cord blood and in blood obtained at 24 h by heel stab. Elimination rate was assessed by calculating the slopes of lines joining these two concentration points. The slopes had a mean of 0.043 h-1 (equivalent to a half-life of 16 h) and were normally distributed with 95% of values being in the range 0.02-0.066. There was no relationship between slope and neonatal weight or skinfold thickness, but most babies were at term and the range of these indices was narrow. Babies who developed a bradycardia had cord atenolol concentrations and slopes which did not differ significantly from those in babies without bradycardia. We conclude that atenolol elimination in the neonate is reduced when compared to adults. This prolonged elimination is consistent with the physiological characteristics of this age group and with previous observations on drugs eliminated by renal excretion. PMID- 6661352 TI - Phenylbutazone-warfarin interaction in man: further stereochemical and metabolic considerations. AB - The pharmacokinetics and urinary metabolic profile of R and S-warfarin, following administration of a 1.5 mg/kg oral dose of racemic warfarin, alone and 4 days into an oral regimen of 100 mg phenylbutazone three times a day, was investigated in three volunteers using a stereospecific h.p.l.c. fluorescent assay. The mean elimination half-life of S-warfarin was increased from 25 to 46 h during phenylbutazone administration, whilst that of the R-isomer was decreased from 37 to 25 h. The peak unbound concentrations of both warfarin enantiomers were higher during phenylbutazone administration, due to displacement. Displacement was not stereoselective. The unbound clearance of more potent S-warfarin is decreased by four-fold during phenylbutazone administration, due to substantial inhibition of both 6- and 7-hydroxylation, significant pathways of elimination of S-warfarin in the absence of phenylbutazone. The unbound clearance of R-warfarin is almost unchanged during phenylbutazone administration, due to the marginal effect of phenylbutazone on 6- and 7-hydroxylation, themselves minor pathways of elimination of this enantiomer in the absence of phenylbutazone. The stereoselective reduction of S- and R-warfarin, to their respective SS and RS alcohols, is also substantially inhibited during phenylbutazone administration. Collectively the data point to the complex effect of phenylbutazone administration on warfarin's pharmacokinetics. PMID- 6661351 TI - Increased platelet adhesion and aggregation in hypertensive patients: effect of atenolol. AB - Fourteen patients with established hypertension followed a double-blind crossover styled trial to study the effects of 100 mg/day atenolol compared to placebo. Atenolol was found to be an effective antihypertensive agent, reducing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Hypertensive patients appear to have increased in vitro platelet adhesion and aggregation. Atenolol significantly reduced platelet adhesion, but had little effect on aggregation. This may be important in contributing towards the now-recognised cardio-protective effect of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents. Blood chemistry and haematological parameters were unchanged; but whereas plasma cholesterol and plasma triglyceride levels remained normal, there was a significant fall in plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Side effects were very few. PMID- 6661353 TI - Assay-dependent kinetics of heparin: evidence for rapid in vivo activation of heparin. AB - Multiple blood samples were collected over the first 15 min after an i.v. injection of 25 units/kg of heparin in four healthy subjects. Plasma heparin activity in each sample was determined by a chemical neutralization assay using polybrene and a bioassay based on activated partial thromboplastin time. Chemically assayed heparin declined much more rapidly than bioassayed heparin over the first 5-7 min after the dose. Subsequently, both heparin activity vs time curves declined with a similar terminal half-life. Slopes of the in vivo 1n APTT vs plasma heparin activity (determined by chemical neutralization) relationships were significantly greater than those of the corresponding in vitro relationships between 1n APTT vs heparin activity added to plasma. A possible explanation for these heparin assay differences is a rapid in vivo enhancement of the anticoagulant effect of heparin. How such enhancement may occur, however, is presently unclear. PMID- 6661354 TI - Cyclic interconversion of vitamin K1 and vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide in man. AB - The disposition of a single intravenous bolus dose of 10 mg vitamin K1 and vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide were studied in two healthy subjects without and with 12 h pretreatment dose of phenprocoumon (0.4 mg/kg). For each compound administered alone the plasma concentration-time profile was adequately fitted by a biexponential equation, with an average terminal half-life of 2.0 and 1.15 h for the administered vitamin K and its 2,3-epoxide respectively. While vitamin K1 was measurable in plasma following administration of vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide, the epoxide was not detectable following administration of vitamin K1. Following pretreatment with phenprocoumon and after intravenous administration of vitamin K1, both the average half-life and area under the plasma concentration-time profile of vitamin K1 were marginally reduced to 1.5 h and 1.76 mg l-1 h respectively, while the plasma concentration of vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide was readily measurable and its half-life markedly prolonged to 14.7 h. Following pretreatment with phenprocoumon and after oral administration of vitamin K1-2,3 epoxide, no vitamin K1 was detectable in plasma and the half-life of the epoxide was 13.8 h. Based on area considerations the data suggest that either phenprocoumon does more than just inhibit the reduction of vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide to vitamin K1, or that the simple model describing the interconversion between vitamin K1 and its epoxide is inadequate. The same conclusion is drawn from the analysis of comparable data in dogs, obtained by Carlisle & Blaschke (1981). PMID- 6661355 TI - Effect of posture on ampicillin pharmacokinetics, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in resting subjects. AB - Differences in drug kinetics between supine rest and ambulation have been reported, but the relative contribution of postural changes and changes in the level of physical activity has not been evaluated. Ampicillin pharmacokinetics, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were studied in six male volunteers at rest in the sitting and lying position with an interval of 1 week. After intravenous administration ampicillin kinetics, analyzed according to a two-compartment open model, demonstrated significant changes in drug distribution when the position was changed from lying to sitting: alpha-increased by 50%, V1 and V beta increased by 19% and 22% respectively. Ampicillin clearance, the fraction of dose recovered from urine, GFR and RPF were, however, not influenced by the change in posture. Our data on effects of posture in resting subjects suggest that previously reported differences in drug elimination and RPF between lying and ambulatory subjects are largely due to differences in the level of physical activity. PMID- 6661356 TI - Plasma chloroquine and desethylchloroquine concentrations in children during and after chloroquine treatment for malaria. AB - Twelve children with acute falciparum malaria were treated with 25 mg/kg chloroquine orally in three divided doses at 24 h intervals. Concentrations of chloroquine and its metabolite, desethylchloroquine, were measured in plasma from the beginning of treatment for up to 7 days using a high pressure liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) technique. Chloroquine was detectable in plasma within 30 min of giving the drug. Peak level was reached in 1-8 h after the first dose of 10 mg/kg and the peak concentrations ranged between 65 and 263 ng/ml. Chloroquine concentration declined slowly in plasma after stopping drug administration so that the concentration at the seventh day was 37.5% of the concentration on the third day. The apparent half-life was 3-4 days. Desethylchloroquine was detectable in plasma within 30 min of giving chloroquine and peak levels were reached in 2-12 h. Peak concentration after the first dose of chloroquine ranged between 9 and 62 ng/ml. Desethylchloroquine was also slowly cleared from plasma and mean concentration at the end of 7 days was 49% of the mean concentration at the end of 3 days. PMID- 6661357 TI - Release of LPL activity after intravenous injection of a low molecular weight heparin. AB - A low molecular weight heparin (MW 4000-6000), PK 10169 (Pharmuka), with much reduced anticoagulant in vitro capacity, retains the properties of the standard heparin in releasing lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activity after being injected intravenously. PMID- 6661358 TI - Arachidonic acid and prostaglandin levels in dithranol erythema: time course study. AB - Arachidonic acid and prostaglandins were measured in uninvolved psoriatic skin before and after treatment for up to 24 h with dithranol. Prior to treatment, skin exudate contained 2744 ng ml-1 arachidonic acid and 26.4 ng ml-1 PGE2. After treatment with dithranol, the arachidonic acid concentration increased to a maximum of 5556 ng ml-1 at 48 h whilst PGE2 increased to 93.4 ng ml-1 at 12 h and then declined. The erythemal response was apparent at 6-12 h and maximal at 72 h. These results suggest that PGE2 mediates the early development of dithranol erythema. PMID- 6661359 TI - Acute treatment of hypertensive crisis with nifedipine. AB - Ten patients with a hypertensive crisis and a decreased renal function were treated with 10 (n = 7) or 20 (n = 3) mg nifedipine sublingually. Blood pressure was reduced in 60 min from 211 +/- 4/134 +/- 5 to 172 +/- 6/107 +/- 6 mm Hg. The decrease of blood pressure was accompanied by a rise in heart rate from 83 +/- 6 to 98 +/- 5 beats/min. In all seven patients with an encephalopathy signs of this complication were reduced. No serious side-effects were observed. PMID- 6661360 TI - No effect of food intake on clobazam absorption. AB - The kinetics of clobazam taken 3 h before, during, and 3 h after a standard hospital meal were studied in six healthy volunteers. Peak plasma levels were significantly lower when the drug was taken with or after meals suggesting that the rate of absorption was reduced by food. The mean area under the concentration vs time curve was not affected by the time of drug administration indicating that the meal had no effect upon the extent of absorption. PMID- 6661362 TI - Kinetics of 5-aminosalicylic acid after jejunal instillation in man. AB - The human pharmacokinetics of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), the active moiety of salazosulphapyridine (SASP), is only known from studies in which rapid absorption has been deliberately avoided. The present investigation demonstrates that pure 5 ASA is absorbed extremely quickly when given as an instillation in the proximal part of the small bowel, and acetylation follows immediately. The metabolite is excreted very rapidly by the liver in small amounts, while the major part is eliminated renally. PMID- 6661361 TI - Depression of theophylline elimination following BCG vaccination. AB - This study investigated the effects of BCG vaccination on the elimination of a single dose of theophylline in twelve healthy female volunteers. Two weeks following BCG vaccination the mean serum theophylline half-life was increased significantly in subjects with a positive Mantoux test compared to the mean half life determined prior to vaccination. The mean volume of distribution for theophylline was unchanged following vaccination. In two subjects with negative Mantoux tests theophylline half-life was unchanged after vaccination. It is therefore suggested that immunostimulation following BCG vaccination may impair the capacity of the liver to eliminate theophylline. PMID- 6661363 TI - Metabolism of digoxin after oral and intrajejunal administration. AB - To study the influence of administration site on metabolism of digoxin in the gut, urinary excretion of digoxin and its metabolites was compared after oral and intrajejunal administration of [3H]-digoxin solution to eight healthy volunteers, using liquid chromatography for the drug analysis. Dihydrodigoxin was not excreted in higher amounts after the more distal administration. The excretions of hydrolytic and non-extractable metabolites were significantly greater after the oral administration. PMID- 6661364 TI - Carbamazepine 10, 11 epoxide concentrations in epileptics on carbamazepine alone and in combination with other anticonvulsants. AB - Steady state carbamazepine (CBZ) plasma concentrations were similar in 15 epileptics receiving monotherapy and in 24 patients taking CBZ in combination with one other anticonvulsant. The ratio of CBZ 10, 11-epoxide (CBZ-E) to the parent drug was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in those patients taking concomitant phenytoin (n = 9), phenobarbitone or primidone (n = 9), and valproic acid (n = 6) than in the patients receiving CBZ alone. In the monotherapy group, there was a significant correlation between CBZ-E/CBZ ratio and the concentration of the parent drug (P less than 0.05). If CBZ-E has equipotent anticonvulsant properties to CBZ in man as is the case in animal models, routine CBZ-E concentrations may provide further refinement in the therapeutic drug monitoring of CBZ. PMID- 6661365 TI - Serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and the binding of drugs in obesity. AB - Although clinically relevant, drug-protein interactions in the morbidly obese population have not been studied thoroughly. The objective of this study was to evaluate serum chemistry profiles and the degree of serum protein binding of propranolol, diazepam and phenytoin in the serum of four female, morbidly obese (greater than 190% of ideal body weight) and eight control female subjects. Serum triglyceride concentrations were higher and high-density lipoproteins were lower in the obese subjects than in the control group. Serum albumin and total protein concentrations in the obese were not different from controls. Unexpectedly, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentrations were doubled in the obese subjects (mean obese value 121 mg/100 ml vs 62.9 mg/100 ml for the control subjects). Obese subjects had a mean fraction unbound (fu) for propranolol of 0.086, which was significantly different from the controls (fu = 0.123). The binding of diazepam was decreased slightly in the obese subjects. The binding of phenytoin was similar in both groups. The altered serum chemistry of obesity may play a significant role in the drug management of the obese patient by altering drug protein interactions. PMID- 6661366 TI - Pharmacokinetics of chlorthalidone in the elderly after single and multiple doses. PMID- 6661368 TI - Food reduces the oral bioavailability of propantheline bromide in healthy subjects. PMID- 6661369 TI - On the clinical pharmacology of prednimustine. PMID- 6661367 TI - Influence of gastrectomy on aspirin absorption. PMID- 6661370 TI - The clinical pharmacology of chlorambucil and prednimustine. PMID- 6661371 TI - Brotizolam: experiment and clinical studies. Papers presented at a symposium, Bad Schachen, 7th and 8th May, 1982. PMID- 6661372 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of brotizolam in animals. AB - Distribution, and excretion of [14C]-brotizolam were determined after oral and intravenous administration in the rat, dog, rhesus monkey, and, in part, in cattle. Main metabolites were identified. Brotizolam was rapidly and extensively absorbed. In the rat, dog, and monkey blood levels were analysed according to the time and height of maximum radioactivity concentration. Elimination half-lives ranged from 14.8 to 20.8 h. Whole body autoradiographic studies in the rat showed that [14C]-brotizolam and its metabolites were distributed throughout the organism. The placenta was crossed, and brotizolam was found in the milk of rats as well as in that of cows. In the rat, dog and monkey, brotizolam was almost completely metabolized into hydroxylated compounds which were rapidly eliminated as conjugates. After multiple-dose treatment, neither a tendency to accumulation of brotizolam and its metabolites nor enzyme induction were found in the rat or monkey. PMID- 6661375 TI - Pharmacokinetics of brotizolam in the elderly. AB - Disposition of brotizolam in patients aged 71-93 years was compared with that of healthy young subjects aged 21-26 years. The mean elimination half-life of brotizolam was about twice as long in the elderly as in the young subjects: 9.3 (4.0-19.5) h and 4.8 (3.1-6.3) h respectively. Increase in elimination half-life was attributable to a decrease in hepatic clearance, i.e. 40 (20-58) ml/min in the elderly and 109 (77-156) ml/min in the young. Volume of distribution and protein binding were the same with mean values of 0.56 (0.45-0.72) l/kg and 9.0 (6.8-11.9) % in the elderly and 0.63 (0.40-0.77) l/kg and 8.4 (7.5-9.4) % in the young. Absorption rate of brotizolam was relatively slow in the elderly with a mean peak time of 1.7 h compared with 1.1 h in the young. Mean bioavailability was almost 70% for both groups. Normalized for body weight and dose (0.25 mg) mean peak concentrations were 247 (137-395) ng ml-1 kg in the young and 343 (251 446) ng ml-1 kg in the elderly. It is unlikely that substantial drug accumulation will occur if elderly patients ingest 0.25 mg brotizolam nightly. PMID- 6661373 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of brotizolam in humans. AB - Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in healthy young volunteers and in elderly patients after oral administration of single doses (0.5 mg), increasing doses (0.5-1.5 mg), and multiple doses (1.0 mg) of brotizolam. Brotizolam was absorbed quickly from the gastro-intestinal tract. Elimination half-lives were in the range of 3.6-7.9 h. In healthy young volunteers as well as in elderly patients, there was neither a tendency for brotizolam to accumulate nor was there any indication of enzyme induction. Brotizolam was metabolized almost completely into hydroxylated compounds which were conjugated prior to renal excretion. After oral administration of [14C]-brotizolam, two-thirds of excretion of radioactivity was renal and was completed within 4 days. PMID- 6661374 TI - Pharmacokinetics of brotizolam in healthy subjects following intravenous and oral administration. AB - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of brotizolam after i.v. and oral administration were studied in healthy young volunteers. Kinetic parameters after i.v. administration were: volume of distribution 0.66 +/- 0.19 1/kg, total plasma clearance 113 +/- 28 ml/min, distribution half-life 11 +/- 6 min, and elimination half-life 4.8 +/- 1.4 h (mean values +/- s.d.). Kinetic parameters after oral administration were: absorption lag-time 8 +/- 12 min, absorption half-life 10 +/ 11 min, and elimination half-life 5.1 +/- 1.2 h (mean values +/- s.d.). Bioavailability of brotizolam was 70 +/- 22% when calculated by comparing oral and intravenous area-under-curve values, corrected for intra-individual half-life differences. An alternative calculation method, which is relatively independent of large clearance variations, provided a bioavailability of 70 +/- 24% (range: 47-117%). PMID- 6661376 TI - Pharmacokinetics of brotizolam in renal failure. AB - Kinetics of brotizolam (0.25 mg) were studied in patients with different degrees of renal failure after single and repeated oral ingestion. Serum levels were analysed by radio-immunoassay. Patients were divided into three groups according to their renal function, i.e. creatinine clearance values of 45-80, 15-45, or less than 15 ml/min. The mean elimination half-life was 6.9-8.15 h, with a considerable variation of the peak concentration and elimination half-life in slight to moderate renal failure. There was no delay in elimination in severe renal failure and there was no drug accumulation. No dose adjustment is necessary for brotizolam in renal failure. PMID- 6661377 TI - Pharmacokinetics of oral brotizolam in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - Disposition of oral brotizolam (0.5 mg) was studied in male patients with liver cirrhosis (patients) and in other patients (control) matched for age, weight, smoking and drinking habits. Absorption of brotizolam was relatively rapid in both groups with a median peak time (range) of 1.0 (0.5-2.0) h. Peak concentrations were also similar with median values of 7.1 (3.2-10.7) ng/ml in patients and 9.4 (2.9-19.0 ng/ml) in controls. Elimination half-life was longer in patients than in controls. The median values were 12.8 (9.4-25) h and 6.9 (4.4 8.4) h respectively (P less than 0.01). In two patients hardly any drug elimination was observed, indicating severe impairment of drug metabolizing activity. The prolongation of the elimination half-life was likely to be due to a decrease in clearance (45 ml/min in patients compared with 64 ml/min in controls), and an increase in volume of distribution (0.62 l/kg and 0.39 l/kg respectively). Median values of protein unbound fraction of brotizolam were 9.2 (7.8-10.4) % in controls and 12.4 (10.4-18.9) % in patients. Clearance of unbound drug was 612 ml/min and 380 ml/min respectively. PMID- 6661378 TI - Effect of brotizolam on the averaged photopalpebral reflex in man. AB - The photopalpebral reflex (PPR) is a useful method to assess level of arousal. Healthy males were given either brotizolam (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25 or 0.5 mg) or placebo within a double-blind, crossover design. Changes in PPR and subjective assessments were observed for 5 h after medication. Prolongation of the latencies of PPR were dose dependent, and the amplitude tended to be reduced. These effects appeared within 30 min, and lasted about 4 h. The dose-response curve of the maximum prolongation of the latencies was linear. Sleepiness and slight ataxia were observed after drug ingestion. Sleepiness was correlated with the prolongation of the PPR latencies. Brotizolam could be a potent hypnotic, with rapid onset and moderate duration of action, and it has no severe side-effects. PMID- 6661380 TI - Residual effects of flurazepam and brotizolam on psychomotor performance. AB - Residual effects of brotizolam (0.25 mg) and flurazepam (30 mg) were studied in healthy young adults. Performance and subjective assessments were observed from 7 to 8 h after overnight ingestion, and effects were compared with that of placebo. Visuo-motor coordination, visuo-mental processing time, visuo-motor reaction time and reading errors were not impaired with brotizolam. There were residual effects with 30 mg flurazepam. Visuo-motor coordination, visuo-mental processing time, visuo-motor reaction time, and reading errors were impaired compared with placebo and 0.25 mg brotizolam. Subjective assessments of performance correlated with measured performance. There was a decrease with flurazepam (visuo-motor coordination and visuo-mental processing time) compared with placebo. PMID- 6661379 TI - Quantitative pharmaco-EEG and performance after administration of brotizolam to healthy volunteers. AB - The activity of brotizolam (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg) was studied in normal subjects using quantitative pharmaco-EEG, psychometric and clinical evaluation. Power spectral density analysis showed no changes after placebo, while brotizolam increased beta-activity, decreased alpha-activity and increased the average frequency (anxiolytic pharmaco-EEG profile). In addition, 0.3 and 0.5 mg brotizolam augmented delta-activity indicating hypnotic activity. The highest dose (0.5 mg) of brotizolam decreased attention, concentration, psychomotor performance and affectivity, and increased reaction time. The lower doses of brotizolam also caused a decrease in attention and concentration, but tended to improve psychomotor performance, shorten reaction time, and did not influence mood or affectivity. Brotizolam (0.1 mg) is the minimal effective psychoactive dose with a tranquillizing effect, while 0.5 mg and to some extent 0.3 mg induce a sedative effect and may be regarded as hypnotic doses. PMID- 6661381 TI - Effects of brotizolam, flurazepam and placebo upon nocturnal auditory arousal thresholds. AB - Auditory awakening thresholds (AAT) and the back-to-sleep latency (BSL) after nocturnal awakenings from Stage 2 sleep were studied in normal male subjects after placebo, brotizolam (0.25, 0.375 and 0.50 mg) and flurazepam (30 mg). AAT (dB) was measured in five trials spaced across the night in a 'double awakening' procedure with the second awakening in each trial made from Stage 2 sleep. Each drug condition was associated with elevated mean AAT across the five trials in comparison with placebo. In a trial-by-trial analysis only 0.50 mg brotizolam and 30 mg flurazepam were consistently higher in the first three trials compared with placebo. All active drug conditions decreased the mean BSL across all trials in comparison with placebo, but only 30 mg flurazepam and 0.50 mg brotizolam consistently shortened BSL in the first three trials. Brotizolam (0.50 mg) and 30 mg flurazepam are similar in their effects. The subjective improvement reported in insomniac subjects following hypnotic administration may be related to elevation in arousal thresholds and a quick return to sleep after nocturnal sleep disruption. PMID- 6661382 TI - Brotizolam: studies of effects on sleep and on performance in young adulthood and in middle age. AB - Effects of brotizolam (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg), on sleep and performance, were studied in young adults. All doses increased total sleep time, improved the sleep efficiency index, and reduced drowsy sleep and number of awakenings. Brotizolam (0.4 and 0.6 mg) also reduced awake activity. There was some evidence of a delay to the first REM period, but only 0.6 mg reduced the total duration of REM sleep. There were no changes in slow wave sleep. Visuomotor coordination was impaired up to 15.0 h after overnight ingestion of 0.6 mg, but there were no residual effects after the overnight ingestion of 0.2 mg, and with 0.4 mg residual effects did not persist beyond 9.5 h. In middle-aged subjects 0.25 and 0.5 mg were studied. The lower dose (0.25 mg) increased total sleep time, and improved the sleep efficiency index, shortened sleep onset latency, and reduced drowsy sleep. The effect of the higher dose (0.5 mg) was more marked. In a performance study using digit symbol substitution, no residual effect was observed after 0.25 mg brotizolam. Brotizolam is a short-acting hypnotic. Doses up to 0.25 mg are likely to prove adequate over the main span of life and be free of adverse effects on sleep and residual effects on performance. PMID- 6661383 TI - Effects of acute administration of brotizolam in subjects with disturbed sleep. AB - Effects of ingestion of brotizolam (0.25 and 0.50 mg) over 1-3 days on polysomnographic measures of sleep were assessed in patients complaining of insomnia. Brotizolam reduced latency to sleep, number of awakenings and wake during sleep, and increased total sleep time. It also increased stage 2 sleep and decreased slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep. Increasing the dose from 0.25 to 0.50 mg increased hypnotic efficacy, and there was a more consistent and reliable effect. Discontinuation of brotizolam had minimal effects on sleep compared with placebo over the 3 nights after acute administration. No side effects or disruption of daytime function was found using questionnaires and objective tests of performance. PMID- 6661384 TI - Effects of brotizolam on the sleep of chronic insomniacs. AB - Effects of 0.5 mg brotizolam on the sleep of chronic insomniacs were assessed electroencephalographically and subjectively over 14 days. Brotizolam (0.5 mg) increased total sleep time, decreased drowsy (stage 1) sleep and increased stage 2 sleep. At this dose it also decreased slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep. On withdrawal there was evidence of insomnia in some subjects during the first night. The drug was well tolerated. Further studies are indicated with lower doses of the drug. PMID- 6661385 TI - Efficacy and acceptability of brotizolam in the elderly. AB - Efficacy of and tolerance to brotizolam were studied over 6 days in elderly patients (62 to 93 years) suffering from sleep disturbance requiring medication: 62.9% used 0.125 mg and 32.0% used 0.25 mg. Effectiveness of brotizolam was assessed as good-to-satisfactory in 87.1% of the patients. Efficacy of and tolerance to brotizolam were compared with nitrazepam in mainly elderly patients (56-91 years) with sleep disturbances requiring medication. Efficacy was assessed as good-to-satisfactory in 89.8% of patients with 0.125 mg brotizolam, 93.9% with 0.25 mg brotizolam and 95.9% with 5 mg nitrazepam. Patients reported improved sleep with all three preparations. The dose range of brotizolam recommended for the elderly is 0.125-0.25 mg, though for the vast majority of patients the lower dose will be sufficient. PMID- 6661386 TI - Studies in general practice with brotizolam. AB - Brotizolam (0.25 mg) was compared with placebo, and in a separate study, with nitrazepam (5.0 mg) in patients being treated for insomnia in general practice. Brotizolam (0.25 mg) and nitrazepam (5.0 mg) were equally effective and there was no evidence of residual effects the next day with either drug. PMID- 6661388 TI - A student-centred approach to the evaluation of clinical skills. PMID- 6661389 TI - Student perceptions of performance. PMID- 6661387 TI - Influence of brotizolam on the ventilatory and mouth-occlusion pressure response to hypercapnia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Effect of 0.25 mg brotizolam on patients with chronic obstructive lung disease of moderate to severe degree was studied. There was no difference between the slopes of ventilation vs alveolar CO2 for brotizolam and placebo as compared with base line values. Mouth-occlusion pressures did not change under the influence of drug or placebo. Brotizolam (0.25 mg) is without adverse side-effects on respiratory centre output or on mechanics of ventilation. PMID- 6661390 TI - The speech and language development of low birth weight infants. PMID- 6661391 TI - Imaginative play in language disordered children. PMID- 6661392 TI - The histopathology of rat lung following short term exposures to mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx). AB - The histopathology of rat lung after exposure to high concentrations of mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx) has been studied. Considerable damage was observed, which initially took the form of 'thickening' and 'blebbing' of the alveolar epithelium and disruption of type II pneumocytes. These early changes were attributed to the direct effect of the oxidant action of NOx. There then followed a latent period of approximately 6 h after which the development of oedema of the interstitium and alveolar septum was observed. Clinical observations and the results from light and electron microscopical examination suggested that the lung damage caused by exposure to 518 parts/10(6) NOx for 5 min was greater than that caused by 1435 parts/10(6) for 1 min. This was not supported by the findings from light microscopy where similar damage was observed at both dose levels. These results suggest that such exposures might pose a risk of lung damage to man. PMID- 6661393 TI - Echinocytes in the blood of hyperproteinaemic mice with proteinuria. Is the effect of such cells on blood viscosity the cause of the proteinuria? AB - Early studies in this series failed to obtain evidence for the cause of hyperproteinaemic proteinuria although it was speculated that blood viscosity, increased because of high plasma protein levels, might play a significant role. As we had no means of measuring blood viscosity it was decided to investigate the effects of reducing blood viscosity in a small number of mice made anaemic before subjecting them to albumin overload. All but one of the mice given injections i.p. of 250 mg HSA on 2 successive days developed proteinuria within 24 h of the first injection. This result seemed to show that altered blood viscosity was not a factor in the mechanism of the hyperproteinaemic proteinuria. However, it has been shown that changes in the red cell environment can lead to red cell deformation resulting in an increase in blood viscosity. To check on this possibility another small group of mice were injected with HSA as previously. On the morning after their second injection the mice were bled by percutaneous heart puncture and the blood was examined by scanning electron microscopy. This showed that a vast preponderance of red cells, probably more than 95%, were echinocytes. Although no measurements of blood viscosity were made, it can be speculated that hyperproteinaemic proteinuria is caused by the intraglomerular effects of blood with increased viscosity (because of the red cell transformation) being made more viscous by glomerular filtration. Enhanced protein filtration would occur because of the increase in glomerular pressure needed to restore flow of viscous blood at the efferent arteriole.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661395 TI - Attachment of rattlesnake venom myotoxin a to sarcoplasmic reticulum: peroxidase conjugated method. AB - Myotoxin a is a muscle-damaging toxin isolated from the venom of Crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) and is composed of 42 amino acid residues. Earlier electron microscopic observation indicated that the toxin causes extensive swelling of the sarcoplasmic reticulum followed by disorganization of the sarcomers. In the present paper we describe the evidence for the attachment of peroxidase-conjugated myotoxin a to the membrane of sarcoplasmic reticulum of human muscle. It is thus suggested that the attachment of the toxin to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the subsequent swelling are the first steps in myonecrosis induced by myotoxin a. PMID- 6661394 TI - Murine alveolar hydatidosis: a potential experimental model for the study of AA amyloidosis. AB - Histochemical and immunohistologic evidence has been presented to characterize the AA-type of amyloidosis in C57BL/6J (H-2b) mice infected i.p. with 50 cysts of Echinococcus multilocularis. Congo red-stained sections of kidneys and spleens from 4 weeks postinfected (p.i.) hydatid-mice were negative for the amyloid deposits. Heavy amyloid deposits, which in ultrathin sections of kidneys measured 8-12 nm in thickness, obliterated the perifollicular sinuses in spleens and glomerular capillaries in kidneys at 16 weeks p.i. Amyloid deposits were resistant to potassium permanganate treatment. They bind strongly to rabbit anti mouse AA serum (RAA) as demonstrated by using peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique. Preabsorption of RAA with azo-casein induced amyloid abolished completely the binding of RAA to mouse AA and hydatid-mouse deposits. Rabbit monospecific mouse antisera to heavy and light chains of Igs did not bind to amyloid deposits in hydatid-mice kidneys. Enumeration of spleen cells from the 16 weeks p.i. amyloidotic spleens showed a significant reduction in the total lymphocytes and T-cells. Overt accumulation of amyloid deposits in the spleen was associated with its disorganization, a significant reduction in T-cells and the depressed response of spleen cells to ConA and LPS mitogens. The relationship between proliferating alveolar hydatid cyst, intense inflammatory response, depressed cell mediated immunity and AA-type of amyloidosis is discussed in murine hydatidosis. PMID- 6661396 TI - Transepithelial chemotaxis of rat peritoneal exudate cells. AB - The migration of peritoneal exudate (PE) cells into plain Millipore filters mounted in Boyden chambers occurs under random, chemokinetic and chemotactic conditions. Significant migration of such cells in vivo, however, involves both transendothelial and transepithelial penetration and occurs predominantly under pathological conditions where chemotactic agents are presumed to be present in gradient form. When Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells are grown as a confluent monolayer on the Millipore filter of a Boyden chamber, transepithelial migration is seen only under chemotactic conditions thus modelling in vivo behaviour more effectively. The MDCK cell line exists as 2 variant strains which model different regions of the mammalian nephron. Strain I MDCK cells share features of the distal and collecting tubules and have relatively high junctional resistance (greater than 1k omega cm2). Strain II MDCK cells model the proximal segment of the nephron and have relatively low junctional resistance (c. 70 omega cm2). We have found that PE cells penetrate the less resistant strain II MDCK monolayer at a faster rate (as assessed by leading front migration) than they penetrate the tighter strain I monolayer. We have also utilized the electrophysiological features of MDCK monolayers to monitor transepithelial penetration. Our electrophysiological data indicate that rat PE cells penetrate MDCK monolayers of either strain by a transjunctional route with consequent reversible dissolution of the junctional complex. This extracellular path of PE cell migration was confirmed by ultrastructural observations. The extent of junctional dissolution and the delay in re establishment of monolayer integrity (as assessed by electrophysiological means) are related to the concentration of PE cells added to the MDCK monolayer. Brief treatment (10 min) of the MDCK monolayer with the cation chelating agent EDTA also disrupts monolayer integrity, although its re-establishment is significantly faster than when disruption occurs by PE cell transmigration. Our results show a clear parallel between PE cell migration across an MDCK monolayer and changes in its electrophysiological parameters and thus suggest that transepithelial chemotaxis may be directly assessed by electrophysiological means. The use of Boyden chambers modified by the incorporation of epithelial monolayers may prove useful in in vitro studies of inflammation and could be adapted for studies of other pathological processes, such as metastasis, where considerable cell invasion is involved. PMID- 6661397 TI - Bovine serum albumin (BSA) nephritis in rats II. Histological findings and complement activation by immune complex in SHR rats. AB - We introduced a mesangiopathic form of glomerulonephritis in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was given i.v. to primed rats for 3 weeks and they were unilaterally nephrectomized (Nx). Then, they received rabbit anti-BSA- (Group A) or normal serum (Group B) for seven days, and half the rats were killed to obtain another kidney (Ex-1). The remainder were killed two weeks later and their kidneys were examined (Ex-2). In Nx kidneys, the glomerular lesions were characterized by leucocyte accumulation in the capillary lumina and by deposition of rat IgG, rat C3 and BSA both in the mesangial area and along the capillary walls. Glomeruli of Ex-1 kidneys manifested varying degrees of hypercellularity in the mesangium; a few leucocyte accumulations in the capillary lumina were noted and the immune deposits had decreased in the mesangium but not on the capillary walls. In Ex-2 kidneys, mesangial hypercellularity was conspicuous. There were no remarkable histological differences between Group A and B rats; in Ex-1 and Ex-2 kidneys of Group A, rabbit IgG was closely associated with rat IgG or C3. Serological evaluation revealed that the amount of circulating rat anti-BSA antibody was relatively small and that C3 was consumed by newly formed circulating immune complexes during BSA administration. Polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) binding assay revealed that complement fixation to the immune deposits occurred in vitro and that this activity was highest in tissue from Nx kidneys. PMID- 6661398 TI - The short term effects of a supra-lethal dose of irradiation and changes in the environmental temperature on the growth of tail bones of the mouse. AB - The growth and histological features of the tail vertebrae of young mice (31 day old) were observed for 48 h after transference from a cold (8 degrees) to a hot (33 degrees) environment. Some mice received a massive (5000 rad) dose of X-ray to the tail. Less than 2 h after housing the animals in the heat there was a period of very rapid growth lasting 12 h after which time growth slowed but was still much greater than the animals in the cold. Animals whose tails were irradiated (and also put in the heat) showed the same rapid growth for 12 h but after this growth ceased. Evidence is provided which shows that the initial rapid growth in the heat is due to an abnormal increase in the linear dimensions of the hypertrophic cells of the growth plate. This is most marked in the hot-irradiated animals. PMID- 6661400 TI - Prolonged exposure to a war environment and its effects on the blood pressure of pregnant women. AB - The present research examined the effects of living in an area which had been a target of terrorist activities for a long period, as well as the effects of war, on blood pressure of pregnant women. For this purpose, the blood pressures of 5804 Israeli pregnant women, who gave birth between July 1973 and June 1975 and who had lived in either high, medium or low military stress environments were compared. Blood pressures that were measured immediately before delivery were taken from the delivery record of the pregnant women in the hospital. Results showed that the women in the high stress environment displayed significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, both during the relatively calm period and the period of the Yom Kippur War, than women who lived in the low stress environment. Women who lived in the medium stress area were in between these two groups. War increased the blood pressure in all three environments, but the increase in blood pressure from the calm period to the war period was greater in the high and medium stress environments than in the low stress environment. Results further showed that the younger women displayed greater increase in the systolic blood pressure than the older women. This finding was attributed to the fact that the husbands of the younger women serve in the front lines to a greater extent, which probably induces a higher level of anxiety. PMID- 6661401 TI - Personal construct theory and psychological well-being. AB - The concept of 'psychological well-being' (as opposed to 'psychological disorder') is considered from the standpoint of George Kelly's personal construct theory (Kelly, 1955). It is argued that the origin of psychological disorder lies in a difficulty in 'person construing', with particular reference to 'self construing'. For some (like schizophrenics) this may be a relatively permanent state of affairs, whereas for others it may reflect a temporary crisis or transition. It seems that the ability to maintain a relatively stable, yet flexible, self-construction may be crucial. Social relationships, however, although potentially validating, also carry the risk of invalidating our self construction. An individual's particular response to 'invalidation' may be substantially determined by commonality of construing in his particular context, e.g. an adolescent female may turn to slimming whereas a young male may turn to alcohol. Although the theory has proved to be most useful at an explanatory level, it has been applied therapeutically only to a limited extent. It is argued that psychologists may make a greater contribution to the enhancement of psychological well-being by applying constructive alternativism within a learning or educational context rather than the clinical setting. PMID- 6661402 TI - Correlates of changes in personal construing of members of two psychotherapy groups: changes in affective expression. AB - Changes in verbal affective expression within sessions of two psychotherapy groups run along group-analytic lines were measured using the Process Affective Scoring System developed by Gibbard & Hartman (1973). Tape recordings of group sessions were rated by trained undergraduate students for presence or absence of verbal affect. Relationships between these changes and changes in personal construing were sought. Expression of hostility and affection were found to be good predictors of a successful outcome of therapy. Factors which might account for the unexplained variance of changes in outcome variables are put forward. PMID- 6661399 TI - Renal and hepatic function in rats treated with cyclosporin A in combination with gentamicin or cephalosporin antibiotics. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats received cyclosporin A (25 mg/kg) together with either the aminoglycoside gentamicin (50 mg/kg) or one of 3 cephalosporin antibiotics (100 mg/kg) daily for 14 days. Only minor impairment of renal or hepatic function was observed when either cyclosporin A or gentamicin was given on its own and no abnormality was seen in response to cephalosporins. However, concomitant administration of cyclosporin A and gentamicin caused acute renal failure, accompanied by cyclosporin A-induced damage to the proximal straight tubule and gentamicin-induced proximal convoluted tubular cell necrosis. In contrast, the structural abnormalities present in the 3 groups given cephalosporins in addition to cyclosporin A were attributable only to the immune suppressant. Liver functional changes previously found only at higher doses of cyclosporin A were observed in the cyclosporin A/gentamicin group and there was some evidence of possible interactions between cyclosporin A and each cephalosporin affecting liver function. The results indicate that treatment of infection with cephalosporin antibiotics or a less nephrotoxic aminoglycoside is preferable to gentamicin in cyclosporin A-treated patients. PMID- 6661403 TI - Factor analysis and reliability studies of the Crown-Crisp Experiential Index (CCEI). AB - Factor analysis of the Crown-Crisp Experiential Index (CCEI) is described. Two groups took part in the study; one from a working population (n = 8292) and one from clients attending three Employment Rehabilitation Centres (n = 281). Comparison of the factors obtained from these two groups, and between these and the original CCEI subscales, are reported, together with estimates of reliability. Overall, the results point to the retention of the CCEI as a reliable instrument for measuring psychoneurotic illness. PMID- 6661404 TI - Calenture-missing at sea? AB - Calenture is a behavioural phenomenon, the predominant symptom being an irresistible impulse of sailors to jump into the sea from their vessels. The original description of this phenomenon was that of ancient Spanish sailors. Psychiatric descriptions of calenture appeared in the 18th and 19th centuries; subsequent psychiatric literature has, however, made no direct reference to calenture. This article describes calenture from a historical and clinical perspective, with discussion of the phenomenon in terms of modern psychological understanding. Some implications are considered, including the possible association with the nautical term 'missing at sea'. PMID- 6661405 TI - The relationship of depression and thought disorder in pain patients. AB - In the recent literature, the presence of thought disorder occurring with depression has been both supported and contradicted. In order to clarify the relationship of thought disorder and depression this study examined three areas of cognitive function in depressed and non-depressed groups drawn from pain patients and normals. Subjectively, depressed subjects had significant deficits in abstraction, associative tightness, and speed of information processing. Across all subjects, increasing cognitive impairment in all three dimensions correlated significantly with increasing severity of depression. Pain per se and analgesics did not account for the results. There were several significant correlations between the cognitive measures, suggesting a general process mediating the thought disorder associated with increasing levels of depression. The results support and extend the known relationship of thought disorder and depression. PMID- 6661406 TI - The value of written communications in dynamic psychotherapy. AB - The literature on the use of written communication in interpretive psychotherapy is reviewed, and a range of possible uses of writing by patients and therapists is described, with some illustration. It is suggested that greater use of writing at some stages of some psychotherapies could be valuable. PMID- 6661407 TI - Poetry as therapy. AB - In the practice of general psychiatry, art therapy in the form of painting is widely employed. Music and drama similarly provide regular treatment occasions. The use of poetry is less familiar and is little discussed in the literature. This paper reviews a therapeutic liaison, happening largely by chance, which depended almost exclusively upon an exchange of verse. The relationship between the processes of psychotherapy, on the one hand, and the writing and reading of poetry, on the other, is suggested and illustrated by the patient's writings. It may be that good poetry, like successful psychotherapy, arises from disturbed emotions only when they are given resolution and form. Exceptionally the two go hand-in-hand. PMID- 6661408 TI - Transcendental realism and the scientificity of psychoanalysis: a reply to recent criticism. PMID- 6661409 TI - Facilitators and regulators: two approaches to mothering. PMID- 6661410 TI - Effects of 3 beta-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]androst-5-en-17-one on the synthesis of cholesterol and ubiquinone in rat intestinal epithelial cell cultures. AB - The relationship between cholesterol and ubiquinone synthesis in rat intestinal epithelial cell cultures was examined by using 3 beta-[2 (diethylamino)ethoxy]androst-5-en-17-one hydrochloride (U18666A). Addition of U18666A to cells caused a greater than 90% inhibition of incorporation of [3H]acetate into cholesterol and an apparent large increase in the incorporation of [3H]acetate and [3H]mevalonate into ubiquinone. However, the incorporation of 4-hydroxy[U-14C]benzoate, a ring precursor of ubiquinone, was unchanged. The apparent increase of 3H incorporation into ubiquinone was found to be due to the formation of a contaminant that has been identified as squalene 2,3:22,23 dioxide. Following incubation of cells with U18666A, its removal from the medium resulted in a decrease in squalene 2,3:22,23-dioxide labeling and a corresponding increase in the polar sterol fraction. These results demonstrate that U18666A inhibits the reaction catalyzed by 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase (EC 5.4.99.7). As a result, the isoprenoid precursors are diverted not to ubiquinone as has been suggested but to squalene 2,3:22,23-dioxide, a metabolite not on the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Removal of the drug allows cyclization of squalene 2,3:22,23-dioxide, leading to formation of compounds with chromatographic properties of polar sterols. PMID- 6661411 TI - Surface potential in rat liver mitochondria: terbium ion as a phosphorescent probe for surface potential. AB - The binding and phosphorescence of Tb3+ in rat liver mitochondria and submitochondrial particles were investigated. Mitochondria were treated briefly with N-ethyl-maleimide (NEM) to prevent phosphate leak and Tb3+ chelation. Up to 30 nmol of Tb3+/mg of protein binds to mitochondrial membranes with high apparent affinity (Kd congruent to 6 microM). Generation of a membrane potential had no significant effect on the apparent affinity or capacity of Tb3+ binding in NEM treated mitochondria. Mitochondrial bound Tb3+ phosphorescence can be induced selectively by excitation of aromatic amino acid residues. The decay of mitochondrial bound Tb3+ phosphorescence is biphasic. The phosphorescence of the slow phase (t1/2 = 0.45-0.70 ms) is quenched by monovalent salts, indicating a negative surface potential at low salt medium of -5.4 +/- 2.8 mV [10 mM 3-(N morpholino)-propanesulfonic acid, pH 7.2, 5 microM Tb3+]. In submitochondrial particles, a surface potential of -6.5 +/- 2.7 mV was estimated under the same conditions. Energization did not affect the surface potential significantly in submitochondrial particles and only slightly in mitochondria. Analysis of the phosphorescence of mitochondrial bound Tb3+ reveals two binding sites with high (Kd = 1.5 microM) and low affinity (Kd = 29 microM). The high-affinity site is tentatively identified as the Ca2+ carrier. A fraction of the carrier-bound Tb3+ phosphorescence decays rapidly, presumably as a result of energy transfer to cytochromes in the membrane core. These intramembrane sites appear to move to the surface on the generation of a membrane potential. We conclude that the salt effect on the phosphorescence of the slow phase may serve as a reliable measure of delocalized surface potential in mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. Tb3+ binding to the high-affinity site may be useful as a probe for the mitochondrial Ca2+ translocator. PMID- 6661412 TI - Amplification and organization of dihydrofolate reductase genes in a human leukemic cell line, K-562, resistant to methotrexate. AB - A subline of human leukemia cells (K-562), highly resistant to methotrexate, was developed by stepwise selection in the presence of increasing concentrations of this drug. The ED50 of these resistant cells was 1 mM compared to 10 nM for the parental line. Comparison of certain folate-requiring enzymes from crude extracts of the parent and resistant cells showed a 240-fold elevation of dihydrofolate reductase activity in the resistant cells with no significant increase in the levels of the other enzymes. Purified dihydrofolate reductase from the resistant cells had the same physical and kinetic properties as the enzyme from the sensitive cells. Southern blot analysis showed a marked increase in the number of dihydrofolate reductase genes in the resistant line. The genomic organization of the human dihydrofolate reductase gene was determined by hybridization with specific cDNA sequences from a human cDNA to DNA fragments from K-562 cells generated by restriction endonucleases. The human dihydrofolate reductase gene contained at least four intervening sequences and was approximately 30 kb in size. Northern blot studies demonstrated an increase of dihydrofolate reductase mRNA species; the predominant message was 3.8 kb. Karyotype analysis revealed three elongated marker chromosomes, derived from chromosomes 5, 6, and 19 which contained homogeneous staining regions, which were not present in the parent cell line. PMID- 6661414 TI - Polymerization of actin and actin-like systems: evaluation of the time course of polymerization in relation to the mechanism. AB - The time course of protein polymerization of the nucleation--elongation type is examined by using a general computer-simulation solution. For a simple nucleation -elongation scheme, it is shown that the half-time of polymerization is not necessarily a good measure of the nucleus size as has been previously suggested [Oosawa, F., & Kasai, M. (1962) J. Mol. Biol. 4, 10-21] since, depending on the mechanism, the apparent nucleus size, measured by a ratio of half-times at two actin concentrations, may be either larger or smaller than the real size. Steady state equations developed by Wegner and Engel [Wegner, A., & Engel, J. (1975) Biophys. Chem. 3, 215-225] present a good description of the time course of polymerization although they are somewhat inflexible with regard to allowing for different mechanisms. Some of the assumptions implicit in the development of these equations are discussed in terms of the effect of changing individual rate constants or dissociation constants on the time course of polymerization. In addition, these steady-state equations have been expanded to include the consequences of a reversible first-order conformational change prior to polymerization. It is shown that a conformational change as a prerequisite to polymerization lengthens the lag time of polymerization and, depending on the conditions, may slow the rate of polymerization. The question of fragmentation and of reannealling is examined, and it is noted that simple relationships to describe these processes may not be possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661413 TI - Physical properties of a soluble form of the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus at neutral and acidic pH. AB - We have analyzed a soluble form of the glycoprotein (G) obtained from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) by treatment of intact virions with cathepsin D. This form lacks the carboxy-terminal and membrane-spanning domains and thus is analogous to the previously described secreted form of G, Gs. The molecular weight of the cathepsin D produced G, G(Cath D), measured by sedimentation equilibrium in the analytical ultracentrifuge is 57 600, indicating that it is a monomer. Intact G protein extracted from virions by octyl beta-D-glucoside also is monomeric, based on sedimentation equilibrium analysis. These results suggest that G may be monomeric in virions. The Stokes radii (Rs) of the two forms of G were obtained from their migration in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gels. The Rs of G(Cath D) in the absence of nonionic detergent was 37 A; in the presence of nonionic detergent, it increased to 55 A. The Rs of detergent-extracted intact G was 63 A in nonionic detergent. From the molecular weight and Rs of G(Cath D), we calculated a sedimentation coefficient of 3.8 S; the value determined by centrifugation in a sucrose gradient was 3.7 S. Viruses such as VSV fuse with cell membranes at low pH [White, J., Matlin, K., & Helenius, A. (1981) J. Cell Biol. 89, 674-679]. We have used the fluorescent probe cis,trans,trans,cis 9,11,13,15-parinaric acid (cis-PnA) to detect a reversible conformational change in G(Cath D) when the protein was exposed to an acidic environment close to pH 5. cis-PnA binds to hydrophobic regions of protein, causing a quenching of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and an increase in the fluorescence of the probe. PMID- 6661416 TI - gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase: primary and secondary tritium kinetic isotope effects. AB - Primary and secondary tritium kinetic isotope effects have been determined for the reactions catalyzed by purified preparations of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase obtained from Pseudomonas sp AK 1 and from calf liver. With [methyl 14C,(3R)-3-3H]-gamma-butyrobetaine as substrate, the bacterial hydroxylase was found to exhibit a primary T(V/K) of 1.3-1.5. This value was determined from measurements of either the specific activity of the medium 3H2O or of the ratio of 3H/14C in the residual gamma-butyrobetaine. Under identical conditions of analysis, the calf liver enzyme exhibited a primary T(V/K) of approximately 15. With [methyl-14C,(4R)-4-3H] gamma-butyrobetaine as substrate, a beta-secondary T(V/K) of 1.10 has been determined for the calf liver hydroxylase; this supports the existence in the reaction mechanism of an sp2-hybridized transition state. A large normal value of 1.31 for the alpha-secondary T(V/K), as derived from measurements with [methyl-14C,2,3-3H]-gamma-butyrobetaine, suggests that the motions of the primary and alpha-secondary hydrogens are coupled in the C-H cleavage step and resulting synchronous rehybridization. A chemical mechanism involving homolytic cleavage of the C-H bond at the position undergoing hydroxylation is proposed and discussed. PMID- 6661415 TI - Calcium binding proteins: optical stopped-flow and proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the binding of the lanthanide series of metal ions to parvalbumin. AB - Optical stopped-flow techniques have been used to determine the dissociation rate constants (koff) for the lanthanide(III) ions from carp (pI 4.25) parvalbumin. For most of the 13 different lanthanides studied, the release kinetics were diphasic, composed of both a fast phase (whose rate varied across the series, La3+ leads to Lu3+, between the limits -1.2 less than or equal to log kFAST less than or equal to -0.7) and a slower phase (whose rate varied across the series, La3+ leads to Lu3+, between the limits -1.2 greater than or equal to log kSLOW greater than or equal to -2.9). In addition, the La3+- and Lu3+-induced changes in the 270-MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of parvalbumin were used to calculate the dissociation constants for these specific lanthanides from the two high-affinity Ca2+ binding sites. The KD for one site appears to remain constant across the lanthanide series, determined to be 4.8 X 10(-11) M for both La3+ and Lu3+. The other site, however, is evidently quite sensitive to the nature of the bound Ln3+ ion and shows a strong preference for La3+ (KD,La = 2.0 X 10(-11) M; KD,Lu = 3.6 X 10(-10) M). We conclude from these observations that reports of nearly indistinguishable CD/EF binding site affinities for parvalbumin complexes of the middle-weight lanthanides (i.e., Eu3+, Gd3+, and Tb3+) are quite reasonable in view of the crossover in relative CD/EF site affinities across the lanthanide series. PMID- 6661417 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the conformation and dynamics in the synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid decamers d(ATATCGATAT) and d(ATATGCATAT). AB - A variety of one-dimensional proton NMR methods have been used to investigate the properties of two synthetic DNA decamers, d(ATATCGATAT) and d(ATATGCATAT). These results, in conjunction with the results of two-dimensional NMR experiments, permit complete assignment of the base proton resonances. Low-field resonances were assigned by sequential "melting" of the A . T base pairs and by comparison of the spectra of the two decamers. Below 20 degree C spin-lattice relaxation is dominated by through-space dipolar interactions. A substantial isotope effect on the G imino proton relaxation is observed in 75% D2O, confirming the importance of the exchangeable amino protons in the relaxation process. A somewhat smaller isotope effect is observed on the T imino proton relaxation. At elevated temperatures spin-lattice relaxation of the imino protons is due to proton exchange with solvent. Apparent activation energies for exchange vary from 36 kcal/base pair for base pairs (3,8) to 64 kcal/mol for the most interior base pairs (5,6), indicating that disruption of part, or all, of the double helix contributes significantly to the exchange of the imino protons in these decamers. By contrast, single base pair opening events are the major low-temperature pathways for exchange from A X T and G X C base pairs in the more stable higher molecular weight DNA examined in other studies. The temperature dependence of the chemical shifts and line widths of certain aromatic resonances indicates that the interconversion between the helix and coil states is not in fast exchange below the melting temperature, Tm. Within experimental error, no differential melting of base pairs was found in either molecule, and both exhibited melting points Tm = 50-52 degrees C. Spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation rates of the nonexchangeable protons (TH6, AH8, and AH2) are consistent with values calculated by using an isotropic rotor model with a rotational correlation time of 6 ns and interproton distances appropriate for B-family DNA. The faster decay of AH8 compared with GH8 is attributed to an interaction between the thymine methyl protons and the AH8 protons in adjacent adenines (5'ApT3'). The base protons (AH8, GH8, and TH6) appear to be located close (1.9-2.3 A) to sugar H2',2" protons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6661418 TI - Two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid decamer d(ATATCGATAT)2. AB - In this study two-dimensional NMR techniques (COSY and NOESY) have been used in conjunction with one-dimensional NMR results to complete the assignment of the proton NMR spectrum of the double-stranded DNA decamer, d(ATATCGATAT)2, and to obtain qualitative information about numerous interproton distances in this molecule and some limited information about conformational dynamics. COSY and NOESY measurements have been combined to systematically assign many of the resonances from the H1' and H2',2" sugar protons to specific nucleotides in the double helix. This method relies on the fact that sugar protons within a specific nucleotide are scalar coupled and that base protons (AH8, GH8, TH6, and CH6) in right-handed helices can interact simultaneously with their own H2',2" sugar protons and those of the adjacent (5'-3') nucleotide attached to its 5' side (i.e., XpA not ApX). A COSY experiment is used to identify sugar resonances within a residue whereas the NOESY experiment allows the neighboring sugar to be connected (linked). The CH5 and CH6 resonances in the spectrum can immediately be identified by the COSY experiment. The methyl protons of thymine residues exhibit strong through-space interbase interactions both with their own TH6 proton and with AH8 proton on the adjacent (5'-3') adenine residue. These interactions are used both to make assignments of the spectra and to establish that the thymine methyl groups are in close proximity to the AH8 protons of adjacent adenine residues [Feigon, J., Wright, J. M., Leupin, W., Denny, W. A., & Kearns, D. R. (1982) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 5540].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661419 TI - Isotopic probes yield microscopic constants: separation of binding energy from catalytic efficiency in the bovine plasma amine oxidase reaction. AB - Bovine plasma amine oxidase catalyzes the oxidative deamination of primary amines. The reaction can be viewed as two half-reactions: enzyme reduction by substrate followed by enzyme reoxidation by dioxygen. Anaerobic stopped-flow kinetic measurements of the first half-reaction indicate very large deuterium isotope effects for benzylamine, m-tyramine, and dopamine, Dk = 13.5 +/- 1.3, which are ascribed to an intrinsic isotope effect. From the insensitivity of these isotope effects to amine concentration, stopped-flow data provide substrate dissociation constants, K1, and rate constants for the C-H bond cleavage step, k3, directly. Steady-state isotope effects have also been measured for benzylamine and six ring-substituted phenethylamines. Whereas a small range of values for kcat, 0.38-1.2 s-1, and Dkcat, 5.4-8.8, is observed, kcat/Km = 1.3 X 10(2) to 3.8 X 10(4) M-1 S-1 and D(kcat/Km) = 5.6-16.1 indicate a marked effect of ring substituent. As described earlier [Miller, S., & Klinman, J.P. (1982) Methods Enzymol. 87, 711], the availability of an intrinsic isotope effect for an enzymatic reaction permits calculation of microscopic constants from steady-state data. By employment of a minimal mechanism for bovine plasma amine oxidase involving a single precatalytic and multiple postcatalytic enzyme-substrate complexes, equations have been derived that allow calculation of k3 and K1 when DKeq congruent to 1 less than Dk. Unexpectedly, in the case of K1, we have shown that this parameter can be calculated from steady-state parameters without the requirement for an intrinsic isotope effect. This result should have general application to both ping-pong and sequential ternary-complex enzyme mechanisms. Of significance for future applications of steady-state isotope effects to the calculation of microscopic constants, values for K1 and k3 derived from steady state parameters and single turnover measurements indicate excellent agreement. Compilation of parameters among six ring-substituted phenethylamines reveals alteration in delta G for enzyme-substrate complex formation by 2.8 kcal/mol, together with an essentially invariant rate constant for C-H bond activation. A detailed discussion of the relevance of these findings to the interrelationship of binding energy and catalytic efficiency in enzyme reactions is presented. PMID- 6661420 TI - Acetylcholine receptor: evidence for a regulatory binding site in investigations of suberyldicholine-induced transmembrane ion flux in Electrophorus electricus membrane vesicles. AB - Suberyldicholine-induced ion translocation in the millisecond time region in acetylcholine receptor rich membrane vesicles prepared from the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus was investigated in eel Ringer's solution, pH 7.0, 1 degree C. A quench-flow technique with a time resolution of 5 ms was used to measure the transmembrane flux of a radioactive tracer ion (86Rb+). JA, the rate coefficient for ion flux mediated by the active form of the receptor, and alpha, the rate coefficient for the inactivation of the ion flux, increase with increasing suberyldicholine concentrations and reach a plateau value at about 15 microM. At higher suberyldicholine concentrations (greater than 50 microM), a concentration-dependent decrease in the ion flux rate was observed without a corresponding decrease in the rate of receptor inactivation. This regulatory effect was not observed with acetylcholine or carbamoylcholine. The minimal kinetic scheme previously presented for acetylcholine and carbamoylcholine, modified by the inclusion of an additional regulatory ligand-binding site for suberyldicholine and characterized by a single dissociation constant, KR, is consistent with the results obtained over a 10 000-fold concentration range of this ligand. Rate and equilibrium constants pertaining to this scheme were elucidated. Suberyldicholine binds to the regulatory site (KR = 500 microM) approximately 100-fold less well than to its activating sites, and the binding to the regulatory site has no effect on the inactivation (desensitization) rate coefficient alpha [alpha(max) = 5.7 s-1], which is comparable to that observed with acetylcholine. The maximum influx rate coefficient [JA(max) = 18.5 s-1] is approximately twice that obtained when carbamoylcholine is the activating ligand and somewhat higher than when acetylcholine is used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661421 TI - Acetylcholine receptor: evidence for a voltage-dependent regulatory site for acetylcholine. Chemical kinetic measurements in membrane vesicles using a voltage clamp. AB - Acetylcholine receptor mediated ion translocation in membrane vesicles prepared from the Electrophorus electricus electroplax was investigated under voltage clamp conditions by using a quench-flow technique that allows the translocation to be measured in the millisecond to second time region. Two rate coefficients were measured over a 500-fold concentration range of acetylcholine, at a transmembrane voltage, Vm, of -45 mV, at pH 7.0, 1 degrees C. JA is the rate coefficient for ion translocation by the active state of the receptor in the absence of inactivation (desensitization), and alpha is the rate coefficient for the inactivation of the receptor by acetylcholine. (1) The values of JA and alpha increase with increasing acetylcholine concentration up to 300 microM. At higher concentrations, a concentration-dependent decrease in the ion flux rate was observed without a concomitant change in the inactivation rate. This inhibitory effect has not been reported previously and was not observed with acetylcholine or carbamoylcholine in the absence of a transmembrane voltage. (2) The value of the maximum influx rate coefficient, 26 s-1, is approximately twice that observed at 0 mV [JA(max) = 15 s-1]. This is consistent with previous interpretations that related JA(max) values to the channel-opening equilibrium constant, 1/phi, and with the relation of 1/phi to the mean lifetime of the open receptor channel in muscle cells, which is dependent on Vm. (3) The maximum observed inactivation rate coefficient [alpha(max) = 8.5 s-1] is somewhat larger than that observed at 0 mV [alpha(max) = 5 s-1].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661422 TI - Characterization of the binding of the local anesthetics procaine and tetracaine to model membranes of phosphatidylethanolamine: a deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance study. AB - The interaction of the local anesthetics tetracaine and procaine with multilamellar dispersions of phosphatidylethanolamine has been investigated by using 2H NMR of specifically deuterated anesthetics. Tetracaine was found to partition more strongly than procaine into the lipid. The 2H NMR spectra showed a quadrupole doublet and a narrow line, with the former corresponding to membrane bound anesthetic and the latter to anesthetic free in solution. The integrated areas of the narrow line and of the doublet correspond to the concentrations of free and bound anesthetic predicted from the Kp values. There is no strong pH dependence for the quadrupole splittings of tetracaine, suggesting a similar depth of penetration into the lipid bilayer over the entire pH range. The data are consistent with a model in which tetracaine acts as a wedge to stabilize the phosphatidylethanolamine bilayer against transition to a hexagonal structure. Procaine is proposed to sit higher in the phosphatidylethanolamine bilayer than does tetracaine. The T1 values were generally shorter in the membrane than in solution, suggesting slower motions, particularly for the aromatic ring of tetracaine. PMID- 6661423 TI - Internal motion of deoxyribonucleic acid in chromatin. Nanosecond fluorescence studies of intercalated ethidium. AB - We have investigated the internal motions of DNA in a nucleosome core particle and chromatin by measuring the nanosecond fluorescence depolarization of intercalated ethidium. Assuming that the observed anisotrophy decay originates from the torsional motion of DNA, we have analyzed the dynamics of DNA in a nucleosome core particle and in chromatin in detail. The results suggest that DNA in a nucleosome core particle has a torsional rigidity similar to that of DNA in solution and that even at the point of the ionic bonds between DNA and a histone octamer the torsional motion of DNA is not completely inhibited. On the other hand, the dynamics of linker DNA in chromatin were found to reflect the overall structural state of the chromatin: the motion of linker DNA was suppressed as the structure of chromatin turned from an extended state to a condensed one. This indicates that, in solenoidal chromatin, nucleosome movements in chromatin are largely suppressed. Furthermore, the result may suggest that the torsional rigidity of linker DNA is increased as it is forced to bend in solenoidal chromatin. PMID- 6661424 TI - Contributions of individual amino acid residues to the structural stability of cetacean myoglobins. AB - The acid-denaturation behavior of eleven cetacean myoglobins has been studied at two ionic strengths, 0.01 and 0.10 M, at 25.0 degrees C. The myoglobulins studied fall into four phylogenetic suborders, representing the sperm whales, dolphins, baleen whales, and beaked whales. The differences in response to acid denaturation among these closely related myoglobins are small but statistically significant. In three cases, free-energy differences between myoglobins can be ascribed to one amino acid difference and in three others to two differences. The differences in response were analyzed in terms of the changes in noncovalent interactions occurring in the native structure. The effects of changes in electrostatic interactions over the whole charge array were calculated for each myoglobin species by using the modified Tanford-Kirkwood theory. The predicted changes in stability correlated well with the experimental observations in most cases. When differences in hydrogen-bonding capability were considered at a first approximation, substantial effects were predicted. When these effects were taken in conjunction with the electrostatic interactions, the correlation with experiment was improved. Additionally, restrictions in motional freedom and packing constraints appeared to be significant in the single-site analysis. The detectable differences in stability due to single amino acid substitutions along with the small differences in stability between the cetacean suborders indicate that compensatory interactions provide the mechanism for the conservation of stability among the myoglobins studied. PMID- 6661425 TI - Use of radiolabeled monofluoromethyl-Dopa to define the subunit structure of human L-Dopa decarboxylase. AB - Human L-Dopa decarboxylase (L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, DDC) has been purified from pheochromocytoma tissue, a benign tumor of the catecholamine synthesizing cells of the adrenal medulla. The binding characteristics of a new radiolabeled enzyme-activated suicide inhibitor of DDC ( [3H]monofluoromethyl Dopa, [3H]MFMD) have been established, and the covalent linkage of the inhibitor to the enzyme has been used to identify that human DDC exists as a dimer of a 50 kDa subunit. An antibody to human DDC identically precipitates the enzyme activity from different human, rat, and mouse tissues. Our data demonstrate the value of [3H]MFMD for probing the structure of DDC and facilitating the purification of this enzyme, and further emphasize the high degree of conservation of the DDC molecule over a wide variety of species. PMID- 6661426 TI - Molecular mechanisms for changes in hepatic protein synthesis induced by schistosomiasis infection in mice. AB - Mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni and littermate controls were evaluated serially for 12 weeks. Infected mice gained weight at the same rate as controls, but starting with the sixth week their livers became enlarged with granulomas and fibrous tissue, and they developed hypoalbuminemia. To evaluate the regulation of the albumin and type I collagen gene expression, total RNA was isolated from infected and control mice and translated in an mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Protein synthesis was decreased 1.5-3-fold with RNA from infected vs. control liver. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the cell-free products showed a reduction in albumin but an increase in type I procollagen synthesis in infected mice. Immunoprecipitation of the cell-free product confirmed that albumin synthesis was reduced in greater proportion than other liver proteins in schistosome-infected mice. Hybridization of RNA from infected liver with cloned mouse albumin cDNA (pmalb-2) demonstrated a reduction in albumin mRNA to 37% of control, while hybridization with a chick type I pro alpha 2 collagen cDNA probe (pCg-45) revealed increased procollagen mRNA in infected liver beginning at 6 weeks postinfection. These results suggest that in murine schistosomiasis a reduction in biologically active albumin mRNA results in decreased albumin synthesis and may be responsible in part for hypoalbuminemia. In addition, increased collagen mRNA is associated with increased collagen synthesis during hepatic fibrosis. PMID- 6661427 TI - 5-bromodeoxyuridine-induced amplification of prolactin gene in GH cells is an extrachromosomal event. AB - Treatment of a 5-bromodeoxyuridine-resistant (brdUrdr) and prolactin-nonproducing (Prl-) subclone of GH cells with this drug led to amplification of the prolactin (Prl) gene and induced Prl synthesis. Withdrawal of the drug treatment reversed both of these processes. In normal rats, the increased Prl synthesis observed during late pregnancy and lactation does not seem to be mediated via amplification of the gene. Amplification of the Prl gene and induction of Prl synthesis can also be observed in the Prl-, brdUrd-sensitive (brdUrds) GH cell strain. Prl gene amplification thus does not seem to be associated with the mechanism that confers the brdUrdr phenotype to these cells. brdUrd-induced amplification of the Prl gene can be identified with the low molecular weight, extrachromosomal, supernatant DNA fraction, isolated by Hirt's method. Southern blot analysis of Hirt's supernatant DNA (undigested) from brdUrd-treated cells generated a distinct band following hybridization with [32P]pDNAPrl-insert. The size of this band is greater than 23 kb but smaller than chromosomal DNA. Growth hormone (Gh) and albumin (Alb) gene sequences can be detected in the chromosomal DNA preparation but are absent in the extrachromosomal DNA prepared from Hirt's supernatant. The levels of Gh and Alb sequences are unaffected by brdUrd treatment of these cells. Results presented here suggest that in rat pituitary glands as well as in GH cells, hormonally controlled increased Prl synthesis is not caused by gene amplification. However, the brdUrd-induced expression of the Prl gene seems to be linked to the mechanism of drug-induced amplification of the Prl gene, mediated via an extrachromosomal event. PMID- 6661428 TI - Translational recognition of messenger ribonucleic acid caps as a function of pH. AB - The degree to which cell-free translation of eukaryotic mRNA is stimulated by the presence of a 5'-terminal 7-methylguanosine-containing cap is affected by a variety of factors including ionic strength, temperature, mRNA concentration, and the type of mRNA. In this report, we show that pH also affects cap dependence. Translation of globin mRNA from which the cap had been enzymatically removed was relatively insensitive to pH compared with capped mRNA. Also, at low pH (6.6 7.2), the cap analogue m7GTP caused little inhibition of globin mRNA translation in a cell-free system whereas at higher pH the degree of inhibition increased. Finally, the overall extent to which globin mRNA translation could be inhibited at saturating concentrations of m7GTP increased with increasing pH. It is also shown that the pKa of the N-1 proton of m7GTP is affected by mono- and divalent cations. At the K+ and Mg2+ concentrations optimal for cell-free translation, the pKa is approximately 7.4. Since the pH optimum for translation is near 7.6, both keto and enolate forms of m7G are present in appreciable amounts. One interpretation for the observed change in cap dependence with pH is that only the enolate form of m7G is recognized by the cap-binding protein. PMID- 6661429 TI - A phosphate-analogue probe of red cell pH using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - In order to find a suitable marker of intraerythrocytic pH in a phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) system, analogues of inorganic phosphate were studied. Fluorophosphate (pKa = 4.7) and phosphite (pKa = 6.4) chemical shifts and coupling constants were found to be pH sensitive but at pH ranges too low to be useful for the study of fresh red cells. Methylphosphonate (pKa = 7.6) showed ideal characteristics for a pH probe: its chemical shift was far downfield for red cell phosphates and showed a large pH dependence near its pKa (delta pH/delta delta = 0.46 pH/ppm). Methylphosphonate readily entered red cells [influx 7.8 microM (mL of RBC)-1 h-1] and did not appear to alter glucose consumption or hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in intact cells. NMR spectra were obtained on eight samples of fresh red cells incubated for 30-60 min with methylphosphonate. Chemical shift differences between the extracellular and intracellular methylphosphonate signals were found to be predictive of the transmembrane pH gradient. The extracellular pH was 7.336 +/- 0.031 (range 7.31 7.41), while the intracellular pH was 7.202 +/- 0.034 (range 7.14-7.23), and the transmembrane pH gradient measured 0.129 +/- 0.008 (range 0.11-0.14). Methylphosphonate is a useful probe of pH in the 31P NMR spectroscopic study of red cells. PMID- 6661430 TI - Transfer of band 3, the erythrocyte anion transporter, between phospholipid vesicles and cells. AB - Band 3, the anion transport protein of human erythrocyte membranes, can be transferred from cells to liposomes and from liposomes back to cell membranes, retaining function and native orientation. After incubation with cells, sonicated phosphatidylcholine vesicles bind a transmembrane protein that comigrates with band 3 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Like native red cell band 3, the vesicle-bound protein is cleaved by chymotrypsin into 65- and 30-kdalton fragments and is not cleaved by trypsin. The protein can be cross-linked by copper-phenanthroline oxidation either before or after transfer to vesicles; in either case, the vesicle fractions contain high molecular weight material that is dissociated into 95-kdalton species by mercaptoethanol. Band 3-vesicle complexes contain no detectable cell lipid and are specifically permeable to anions. Greater than 99% of their anion uptake can be blocked by the band 3 inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS). Red cells whose band 3 function has been blocked irreversibly by DIDS or eosin maleimide regain part of their anion permeability upon incubation with band 3-vesicle complexes. Under the conditions employed, an average of one copy of functional band 3 is delivered to half of the cells, increasing by 2.3-fold the number of cells containing functional anion transporters. Incubation of pure lipid vesicles or red cell membrane buds with either normal red cells or eosin maleimide inhibited cells has no detectable effect on the cells' anion permeability. PMID- 6661432 TI - Fluorescence depolarization and temperature dependence of the torsion elastic constant of linear phi 29 deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - The torsion elastic constant alpha of linear phi 29 DNA has been determined as a function of temperature from 10 to 78 degrees C by studying the decay of the fluorescence polarization anisotropy (FPA) of intercalated ethidium dye. The time dependent FPA was measured by using a picosecond dye laser for excitation and time-correlated single photon counting detection. Over the region 10-74 degrees C, alpha was effectively constant within experimental error, varying from (3.5 +/ 0.4) X 10(-12) dyn cm at 10 degrees C to (3.7 +/- 0.3) X 10(-12) dyn cm at 74 degrees C. At 78 degrees C, which is just above the melting temperature Tm = 76 degrees C, alpha decreased to (3.3 +/- 0.3) X 10(-12) dyn cm, and at 90 degrees C, where the DNA is completely denatured, both the fluorescence lifetime and the decay time of the FPA are characteristic of unbound ethidium bromide. The weak temperature dependence of alpha implies that DNA torsional deformations do not occur primarily at sites of high enthalpy perturbed structures such as open base pairs. PMID- 6661431 TI - Purification and characterization of the androgen receptor from rat ventral prostate. AB - The androgen receptor has been purified from rat ventral prostate cytosol by a combination of differential DNA-Sepharose 4B chromatography and testosterone 17 beta-hemisuccinyl-3,3'-diaminodipropylamine-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Approximately 8 micrograms of protein was obtained from 38 g of rat ventral prostate, with a yield of 24%. The receptor was purified approximately 120 000 fold. Silver nitrate staining of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDodSO4) polyacrylamide gel revealed a major polypeptide band migrating at 86 000 daltons. Affinity labeling of a partially purified receptor preparation with either 17 hydroxy-17 alpha-[3H]methyl-4,9,11-estratrien-3-one or 17 beta-hydroxy [1,2,4,5,6,7,16,17-3H8]-5 alpha-androstan-3-one 17-(2-bromoacetate) produced a major band of radioactivity migrating at 86 000 daltons on a NaDodSO4 gel. Under nondenaturing conditions, a Mr of 85 000 was determined by gel filtration (42 A) and sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis (4.5 S). The purified receptor had an isoelectric point of 6.3 [3H]-4,5 alpha-Dihydrotestosterone, bound to the purified receptor, was displaced with 4,5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone greater than testosterone much greater than progesterone greater than 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol greater than 17 beta-estradiol greater than cortisol. A number of physicochemical properties of the purified receptor were similar to those of the receptor in crude cytosol. PMID- 6661433 TI - Raman spectroscopic study of age-related structural changes in the lens proteins of an intact mouse lens. AB - Age-related structural changes in the lens proteins of a normal mouse lens have been monitored in situ by laser Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of an ICR strain mouse lens nucleus showed virtually no change in the 550-850- and 900-1800 cm-1 regions as the mouse aged. Lens aging, however, did cause a significant intensity decrease of the Raman band at 880 cm-1 due to tryptophan residues, and the intensity decrease seems to be stepwise. This observation implies that a microenvironmental change of tryptophan residues takes place twice at different places of the lens proteins during normal aging. Particularly striking is that the intensity decrease of the band at 880 cm-1 proceeds in parallel with that of the Raman band at 2579 cm-1 due to a SH stretching mode for the first 4 months. Thus, the first microenvironmental change of tryptophan residues seems to be correlated with the formation of S-S bonds. In contrast to tryptophan residues, no evidence was observed of a microenvironmental change in tyrosine residues. In this respect, the structural changes of lens proteins in aging are sharply distinct from those in lens opacification, in which tyrosine as well as tryptophan residues undergo microenvironmental changes [Itoh, K., Ozaki, Y., Mizuno, A., & Iriyama, K. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 1773-1778]. The relative intensity of the band at 3390 cm-1 due to an OH stretching mode of lens water fell rapidly for the first 4 months and then decreased very gradually. The observation clearly exhibits the process of lens dehydration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661435 TI - Crystallization-induced modification of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase structure and function. AB - In an effort to assess the effects of phase-state changes on protein conformations, we have compared several properties of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase in the crystalline and solution states. Two crystalline forms of the enzyme have been examined: one crystallized in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and the other in its absence. Though both forms catalyze cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase's normal substrate conversions, they have specific activities 150-3000-fold less than the solution-state enzyme. These dramatic activity decreases cannot be accounted for by diffusion constraints imposed by the crystal lattice nor do they result from the manipulations necessary to crystallize or cross-link the enzyme. Further, crystal- and solution state enzymes have different pH dependences of their enzymatic activities, have different sensitivities toward inactivation by the covalent inhibitor iodoacetate, and respond differently to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide protection against this inactivation. Finally, crystals of the enzyme grown in the presence and absence of cofactor are also distinguishable from one another by using the same criteria. Taken together, these results suggest that crystallization perturbs the dynamics and, perhaps, the average conformation of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6661434 TI - Promotion of thrombin-catalyzed activation of factor XIII by fibrinogen. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the kinetics of the thrombin-catalyzed release of the activation peptide from the factor XIII zymogen (fibrin-stabilizing factor). The specificity constant (kcat/Km) for this reaction, measured at factor XIII concentrations much below Km, was (0.13-0.16) X 10(6) M-1 s-1 at pH 7.4, mu = 0.15, and 37 degrees C. Separate estimates, obtained from the dependence of the initial rates of release of the activation peptide on the concentration of factor XIII, gave values of 10 (+/- 3) s-1 for kcat and 84 (+/- 30) microM for Km, in terms of ab protomers of the zymogen. The thrombin-mediated release of the activation peptide was dramatically enhanced in the presence of fibrinogen. Furthermore, the time course of release, in relation to that of fibrinopeptide A, suggested that some des-A-fibrinogen species (e.g., alpha 2B beta 2 gamma 2) may be the true activator for promoting the cleavage of the Arg-36 peptide bonds in the a subunits of factor XIII. This observation suggests that generation of factor XIIIa and its substrate (fibrin) is coordinated so that thrombin-mediated zymogen activation proceeds efficiently only after the process of clotting has been initiated by the removal of fibrinopeptide A from fibrinogen. PMID- 6661437 TI - Mechanism of sodium independent calcium efflux from rat liver mitochondria. AB - On the basis of primarily two types of observations, it has been suggested that the Na+-independent Ca2+ efflux mechanism of rat liver mitochondria is a passive Ca2+-2H+ exchanger. First, when a pulse of acid is added to a suspension of mitochondria loaded with Ca2+, a pulse of intramitochondrial Ca2+ is often released, even in the presence of the inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, ruthenium red. Second, at a pH near 7, the stoichiometry of Ca2+ released to H+ taken up by Ca2+-loaded mitochondria, following treatment with ruthenium red, has been observed to be 1:2. This evidence for a Ca2+-2H+ exchanger is reexamined here by studying the release of Ca2+ upon acidification of the medium by addition of buffer, the dependence of liver mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux on external medium pH and intramitochondrial pH, and the Ca2+-Ca2+ exchange properties of the Ca2+ efflux mechanism. These studies show no pulse of mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux when pH is abruptly lowered by addition of buffer. The stoichiometry between Ca2+ and H+ fluxes is found to be highly pH dependent. The reported 1:2 stoichiometry between Ca2+ efflux and H+ influx is only observed at one pH. Furthermore, the rate of Ca2+ efflux from mitochondria is found to increase only very slightly at most as suspension pH is decreased. The rate of Ca2+ efflux is not found to increase with increasing intramitochondrial pH. Finally, no Ca2+-Ca2+ isotope exchange can be demonstrated over the Na+-independent efflux mechanism (i.e., in the presence of ruthenium red). It is concluded that these data do not support the hypothesis that the Na+-independent Ca2+ efflux mechanism is a passive Ca2+ 2H+ exchanger. PMID- 6661438 TI - Use of local electrostatic environments of cysteines to enhance formation of a desired species in a reversible disulfide exchange reaction. AB - The role of electrostatic factors has been evaluated for the reversible disulfide exchange reaction between N-acetylcysteine (A) and a peptide fragment (B) comprising residues 85-114 of Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor. In A, the sulfhydryl group has a negative carboxyl neighbor on the cysteine itself. In B, the only charged group within five residues of the single cysteine at position 86 is the positive N-terminal amino group on residue 85. The concentrations of the monomers A and B and of the disulfides AA, AB and BB have been determined as a function of time in kinetic experiments at pH 7, 23 degrees C and ionic strengths of 20 mM and 1 M. At both ionic strengths the sulfhydryl acid dissociation constants Ka have been determined for A and B, as well as the four rate constants for the disulfide exchange reaction. The electrostatic effects are small in magnitude but occur in expected directions. Local cysteine environments enhance formation of the mixed disulfide (AB), having a favorable configuration of adjacent unlike charges and generate decreases in the AA and BB disulfides joining regions of identical charge. These experiments represent an initial step towards use of intrinsic protein functional groups to direct formation of specific disulfides in a synthetic protein. PMID- 6661436 TI - Effects of guanine nucleotides on cholera toxin catalyzed ADP-ribosylation in rat adipocyte plasma membranes. AB - ADP-ribosylation of rat adipocyte plasma membrane proteins was investigated following incubation of membranes with [alpha-32P]NAD and cholera toxin in the presence and absence of various guanine nucleotides. In membranes incubated without guanine nucleotides, cholera toxin induced incorporation of 32P into three discrete proteins of 48, 45, and 41 kDa. In membranes containing 100 microM GTP or GDP, toxin-catalyzed incorporation of 32P into the 41-kDa protein was inhibited. GMP and Gpp(NH)p (100 microM) allowed moderate incorporation of 32P into the 41-kDa protein. Toxin-catalyzed labeling of all proteins was rapid, reaching maximal levels between 5 and 10 min. Toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of the 48- and 45-kDa proteins was stimulated by GTP, reaching maximal levels at 10( 5) M GTP. Inhibition of toxin-dependent labeling of the 41-kDa protein required GTP concentrations above 10(-7) M with complete inhibition occurring between 10( 5) and 10(-4) M GTP. Cholera toxin catalyzed ADP-ribosylation was increased up to 2-fold in membranes supplemented with adipocyte cytosol. These results indicate that cholera toxin catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of three distinct adipocyte plasma membrane proteins, each of which is regulated by the amount and type of added guanine nucleotides. PMID- 6661439 TI - Physicochemical characterization of high-molecular-weight alpha-crystallin subpopulations from the calf lens nucleus. AB - Calf lens nuclear alpha-crystallin was separated into five molecular weight subpopulations by exclusion chromatography on Bio-Gel A-5m. These subpopulations were compared by amino acid analysis, ultraviolet absorption analysis, fluorescence, far- and near-ultraviolet circular dichroism, isoelectric focusing, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sedimentation velocity analysis. Although only minor differences were detectable in most physicochemical properties, progressive changes were found in the near-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra and in pellet hardness after centrifugation. Minute amounts of beta-crystallin polypeptides and a 43 kDa component were present in all five subpopulations. In addition, the highest molecular weight aggregates contain some gamma-crystallin polypeptides. A slow re-equilibration of separated subpopulations towards the initial distribution was observed by rechromatography. PMID- 6661441 TI - Inhibition of dopamine beta-hydroxylase by 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole. AB - The inhibition of bovine dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase, EC 1.14.17.1) by 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole has been studied using a simple, 'metal-free' assay system. 2-Mercapto-1-methylimidazole is an uncompetitive inhibitor of dopamine beta-hydroxylase with respect to ascorbate and a mixed type of inhibitor with respect to tyramine. These findings are consistent with 2 mercapto-1-methylimidazole interacting exclusively with the reduced form of dopamine beta-hydroxylase. PMID- 6661440 TI - Interaction of alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein with immobilized triazine dyes. AB - We studied the interaction of alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein with immobilized Cibacron blue F3-GA (Blue A) and Procion red HE-3B (Red A). When whole plasma was applied on the Blue A, alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein remained unbound, together with other plasma proteins. In contrast, when this fraction was applied on the Red A, alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein was shown to bind tightly and was eluted with a linear sodium chloride gradient between 0.5 and 0.8 M. This proved to be a useful two-step technique for the purification of alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein. Further characterization revealed that the protein appeared homogeneous by immunoelectrophoresis and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with yields greater than 30%. A small (less than 5%) but significant fraction of alpha 2-HS glycoprotein with a same molecular weight as the native protein was consistently found in the wash of the Red A column, and may correspond to alpha 2-HS glycoprotein bound to a yet unidentified ligand. PMID- 6661442 TI - Purification and some properties of the staphylococcal extracellular lipase. AB - Staphylococcal lipase has been purified by application of a multistep procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography followed by gel filtration through Sepharose CL-4B. A purified enzyme was obtained which appeared to be homogeneous by molecular sieving, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sucrose gradient centrifugation. The enzyme was then subjected to physicochemical analysis. It has been found that staphylococcal lipase appears in two molecular forms: light (45 kDa) and heavy (300 kDa). Amino acid analysis indicates that lipase contains 17 amino acids with a prevalence of hydrophobic amino acids. No sulfur-containing amino acid was found in the enzyme molecule. The lipase contains about 2% sugars and some amount of lipids. The lipase preparation is stable within pH 5.0 to 9.0 and exhibits maximal activity at pH 8.0. The optimal temperature for the enzymatic reaction was established at 55 degrees C. PMID- 6661443 TI - Peripheral vision and perceived visual direction. AB - Experiments are described in which the subjects had to localize brief light stimuli presented up to 10 degrees from the fixation center. The localization was performed relative to a continuously illuminated scale with numbered or lettered divisions. Systematic errors were obtained, the stimuli being mislocated nearer the fixation point than they were actually presented. The angular size of errors increased with the increase of stimulus eccentricity. It appeared to be a characteristic of the stimulated retinal locus, independent of the viewing distance and the scale element corresponding to this locus. It is concluded that despite the presence of a visible background frame of reference, subjects prefer to base their reports on the perceived egocentric direction of the stimulus which does not coincide with the physical direction of the stimulus. A parallel is drawn between this study and the studies on serial position function for letter identification. PMID- 6661444 TI - A proposed neural network for the integrator of the oculomotor system. AB - Single-unit recordings, stimulation studies, and eye movement measurements all indicate that the firing patterns of many oculomotor neurons in the brain stem encode eye-velocity commands in premotor circuits while the firing patterns of extraocular motoneurons contain both eye-velocity and eye-position components. It is necessary to propose that the eye-position component is generated from the eye velocity signal by a leaky hold element or temporal integrator. Prior models of this integrator suffer from two important problems. Since cells appear to have a steady, background signal when eye position and velocity are zero, how does the integrator avoid integrating this background rate? Most models employ some form of lumped, positive feedback the gain of which must be kept within totally unreasonable limits for proper operation. We propose a lateral inhibitory network of homogeneous neurons as a model for the neural integrator that solves both problems. Parameter sensitivity studies and lesion simulations are presented to demonstrate robustness of the model with respect to both the choice of parameter values and the consequences of pathological changes in a portion of the neural integrator pool. PMID- 6661446 TI - A neural network model for cognitive activity. AB - A consideration of the storage of information as an energized neuronal state leads to the development of a new type of neural network model which is capable of pattern recognition, concept formation and recognition of patterns of events in time. The network consists of several layers of cells, each cell representing by connections from the lower levels some combination of features or concepts. Information travels toward higher layers by such connections during an association phase, and then reverses during a recognition phase, where higher order concepts can redirect the flow to more appropriate elements, revising the perception of the environment. This permits a more efficient method of distinguishing closely-related patterns and also permits the formation of negative associations, which is a likely requirement for formation of "abstract" concepts. PMID- 6661445 TI - Differences in orientation and receptive field position between supra- and infragranular cells of cat striate cortex and their possible functional implications. AB - On the postlateral gyrus of the cat striate cortex the cells' preferred orientation and the location of their receptive fields was measured as a function of cortical depth in penetrations as parallel as possible to the radiating fibres. In most penetrations the majority of infragranular cells showed orientation preferences 45 degrees-90 degrees different from the preferred orientations of supragranular cells. In addition, aggregate receptive fields from the same eye of supra- and infragranular cells were spatially shifted against each other. Using different columnar models these results are discussed in terms of spatial contrast enhancement for two parallel mechanisms in upper and lower layers, determined for pattern discrimination and movement detection. PMID- 6661448 TI - Random currents through nerve membranes. I. Uniform poisson or white noise current in one-dimensional cables. AB - The linear cable equation with uniform Poisson or white noise input current is employed as a model for the voltage across the membrane of a one-dimensional nerve cylinder, which may sometimes represent the dendritic tree of a nerve cell. From the Green's function representation of the solutions, the mean, variance and covariance of the voltage are found. At large times, the voltage becomes asymptotically wide-sense stationary and we find the spectral density functions for various cable lengths and boundary conditions. For large frequencies the voltage exhibits "1/f3/2 noise". Using the Fourier series representation of the voltage we study the moments of the firing times for the diffusion model with numerical techniques, employing a simplified threshold criterion. We also simulate the solution of the stochastic cable equation by two different methods in order to estimate the moments and density of the firing time. PMID- 6661447 TI - A model of binocular brightness and binaural loudness perception in humans with general applications to nonlinear summation of sensory inputs. AB - A single neural model is proposed to account for how responses of the two eyes and two ears combine to form the perception of binocular brightness and binaural loudness respectively. It involves nonlinear reciprocal feedback inhibition between left and right channels, followed by linear summation between the channels. Local circuit synaptic interactions are an important source of nonlinearity. The model combines inputs in a manner that approximates vector magnitude models in general. This suggests that the model can be applied to a variety of circumstances beyond the visual and auditory data discussed here. PMID- 6661449 TI - [Peculiarities of nuclear genome transcription in the early stages of liver regeneration. Complex nature of the activating effect of the cytoplasmic regenerating factor on transcription in isolated rat liver nuclei]. AB - The cytosol fractions from resting rat liver and from the liver 1 hour after partial hepatectomy which were not adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose were subjected to gel filtration with a view of elucidating the mechanism of its activating effect on the RNA-synthesizing ability of isolated nuclei of resting liver. The activating effect of this fraction is a complex one and includes both specific and non-specific factors. A subfraction typical for regenerating liver was detected, which activates RNA elongation in a synthesizing system with isolated nuclei of resting liver. PMID- 6661450 TI - [Regulation of ox liver glutamate dehydrogenase activity by coenzymes]. AB - The effects of coenzymes NAD(P) and NAD(P)H on the kinetics of the ox liver glutamate dehydrogenase reaction have been studied. The oxidized coenzymes were shown to activate alpha-ketoglutarate amination at inhibiting concentrations of NADH and NADPH. The reduced coenzymes, NADH and NADPH, inhibit glutamate deamination with both NAD and NADP as coenzymes. The data obtained are discussed in terms of literature data on the mechanisms of the coenzyme effects on the glutamate dehydrogenase activity and are inconsistent with the theory of direct ligand--ligand interactions. It was shown that the peculiarities of the glutamate dehydrogenase kinetics can easily be interpreted in the light of the two state models. PMID- 6661451 TI - [Comparative inhibitory analysis of aniline hydroxylation by cytochrome P-450 in NADPH-, hydroperoxide cumyl- and H2O2-dependent systems]. AB - The p-hydroxylation of aniline in the presence of liver microsomes and isolated cytochrome P-450 in NADPH-, H2O2- and cumyl hydroperoxide (CHP)-dependent systems was investigated. A comparative inhibitory analysis of these reactions was carried out. It was shown that the mechanism of the H2O2-dependent hydroxylation reactions is similar to that of the NADPH-dependent monooxygenase reactions and, consequently, this model system should be preferably used for the study of the mechanisms of aniline hydroxylation reactions instead of the CHP-dependent system. Since the kcat value for the H2O2-dependent system is much higher than that for the NADPH- or CHP-systems, it may be assumed that when H2O2 is used as a cosubstrate for this reaction, the true value of the degradation constant for the cytochrome P-450--O2(2-)--aniline peroxycomplex can be measured. PMID- 6661452 TI - [Release of 14C-acetylcholine from synaptosomes as affected by presynaptic neurotoxins from bee and cobra venoms--phospholipases A2]. AB - The effect of presynaptic neurotoxin from bee and cobra venom--phospholipases A2 on Na+-dependent high affinity [14C]choline transport from the striate body of rat brain into synaptosomes has been studied. It was shown that both phospholipases A2 inhibit the re-uptake of [14C]choline and specifically stimulate the release of [14C]acetylcholine from the synaptosomes. This effect is especially well-pronounced for bee venom phospholipase A2. It was assumed that damages of biochemical processes on the presynaptic membrane result in a blockade of synaptic transmission in nerve-muscle preparations. PMID- 6661453 TI - [Role of alkaline phosphatase in the regulation of the stability of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase from human cells cultivated in vitro]. AB - The causes for different stability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in two heteroploid cell strains and in the diploid cell strain of human embryo lungs were investigated. The thermostability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was shown to be dependent on the coenzyme (NADP) concentration and to be coupled with the activity of alkaline phosphatase. In diploid and heteroploid cell extracts possessing a low alkaline phosphatase activity glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reveals a high stability. In heteroploid cell extracts having a high activity of alkaline phosphatase a fast hydrolysis of NADP and a decrease of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase stability are observed. Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by levamisole prior to cell disruption does not increase the stability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Presumably destabilization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mediated by alkaline phosphatase occurs in intact cells and is an essential mechanism controlling the enzyme activity. PMID- 6661454 TI - [Effect of proteins S100 on RNA and protein biosynthesis in neurons and glial cells of the rat brain]. AB - The effects of brain-specific proteins S100 injected into lateral ventricles of rat brain on biosyntheses of RNA, proteins and endogenous proteins S100 in neurons and glial cells were investigated. It was found that exogenous proteins S100 essentially and irreversibly stimulate RNA and total protein syntheses in glial cells, while bovine serum albumin stimulates RNA and protein syntheses in neurons but not in glial cells. The dynamics of changes in the content of newly synthesized endogenous proteins S100 in glial cells and neurons are suggestive of transport of S100 protein molecules synthesized by glial cells, into the neurons. The absence of appreciable changes in the indicated parameters in rats injected with total rabbit sera proteins as well as in animals subjected to "false injections" provide evidence for the specificity of metabolic effects of proteins S100 and serum albumin. PMID- 6661455 TI - [Role of the sulfhydryl groups of phosphorylase kinase]. AB - The cysteinyl residues of rabbit skeletal muscle non-activated phosphorylase kinase were titrated by 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid). According to their reactivity toward SH-reagent the accessible cysteinyl residues may be classified into three groups. Modification of the first group residues is accompanied by the enzyme activation. The inactivation is characterized by a biphasic kinetic profile. The fast and slow phases of inactivation correlate in time with modification of the second and third groups of cysteinyl residues. The apparent order of the reaction with respect to inhibitor concentrations for the slow and fast reactions gives a value of about 1, thus indicating that the enzyme contains two essential cysteinyl residues per protomer (alpha beta gamma delta). Mg-ATP and Mg-ADP protect the enzyme against inactivation and modification of sulfhydryl groups. It may be assumed that the two essential cysteinyl residues are located near the nucleotide-binding sites. PMID- 6661456 TI - [Detection of a protein firmly bound to the RNA of radish mosaic virus]. AB - The firmly bound protein VPg was found to be linked to the phenol-deproteinized virion RNAs of radish mosaic virus. This protein was specifically labelled with the [125I]-Bolton-Hunter reagent in vitro. The molecular weight of VPg as determined by SDS-PAAG electrophoresis is equal to 4000. It was assumed that VPg is covalently linked to the 5'-end of radish mosaic virus RNAs. PMID- 6661457 TI - [Multiple forms of protein kinase from the cytoplasm of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells]. AB - The composition of protein kinases and cAMP-binding proteins of the soluble fraction of Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cell cytoplasm was studied. Using ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, two forms of the histone kinase activity were found in the cytosol. One of them corresponded to the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinases, the other one--to protein kinase II. Chromatographic and kinetic analyses revealed the presence of two cAMP-binding proteins with Kd values for cAMP equal to 2 and 8 nM. One of these proteins was identified as protein kinase II, while the other one was devoid of the protein kinase activity and the ability to dissociate during cAMP binding. The existence of a high and low molecular weight forms of casein kinase (Mr = 180 000 and 32 000, respectively) in Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cell cytosol was demonstrated. PMID- 6661458 TI - [Formation of alpha-tocopherol complexes with fatty acids. Possible mechanism of biomembrane stabilization by vitamin E]. AB - It was demonstrated that saturated and unsaturated fatty acids form complexes with alpha-tocopherol in solution. The equilibrium constants for fatty acid interaction with alpha-tocopherol were determined. The values of these constants were practically independent of the number of carbon atoms in the saturated fatty acid molecule (from C7 to C24) and were of the order of 40-50 M-1. For unsaturated fatty acids this constant was exponentially increased with a rise in the number of double bonds in the fatty acid molecule (1,25 X 10(4) M-1 for arachidonic acid). It was shown that alpha-tocopherol can form complexes with free fatty acids incorporated into phosphatidyl choline liposomes or into skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. The complex formation between alpha-tocopherol and free fatty acids probably underlies the mechanism of biomembrane stabilization by vitamin E against the damaging action of free fatty acids. PMID- 6661459 TI - [Biosynthesis of mevalonic acid, sterols and bile acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA in the human liver]. AB - The biosynthesis of mevalonic acid, squalene, sterols, bile and fatty acids from [2-14C]malonyl-CoA and [1-14C]acetyl-CoA were studied. The activities of 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA-reductase (GMG-CoA reductase) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in subcellular fractions of human liver were determined. The livers of humans were used within 1.5-3 hours after clinical death. It was found that in all fractions studied (i.e. cell-free, 700 g, postmitochondrial, microsomal, cytosol) malonyl-CoA is incorporated into mevalonic acid more intensively than acetyl-CoA. The specific activity of GMG-CoA reductase in the microsomal and soluble fractions was essentially the same. Calculation of enzymatic activity per 1 g of wet mass of tissue showed that the bulk of activity is bound to the cytosol (soluble fraction) Malonyl-CoA can also act as a precursor of squalene, lanosterol, cholesterol and bile acids. The rate of malonyl-CoA incorporation into these compounds is practically the same as that of [2-14C] mevalonate but significantly exceeds that of acetyl-CoA at equal molar ratios of both substrates. Incorporation of malonyl-CoA into cholesterol occurs much more intensively in human liver than in rat liver, the cholesterol radioactivity reaching 18% of the total unsaponified fraction. Malonyl-CoA is a better substrate than acetyl-CoA both for fatty acid and for mevalonate, sterol and bile acid synthesis. PMID- 6661460 TI - [Reactivation of the partially phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from bovine adrenal glands]. AB - The partially phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from adrenal glands is reactivated in the presence of Mg2+ (or Mn2+) and Ca2+. During selective chelation of Ca2+ with EGTA the reactivation rate is sharply decelerated. However, in the absence of Mg2+ or Mn2+ Ca2+ do not virtually induce reactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The apparent Km' value for Mg2+ is the same in the media with and without Ca2+ and is equal to 1.2 mM. The Km' value for Mn2+ is 0.35 mM. The optimal concentration of Ca2+ is 0.5 mM. The highest reactivation rate is observed in the presence of Mn2+ and Ca2+. The inhibition of the time-dependent reactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphate and fluoride ions provides evidence for the process being accomplished by the complex-bound regulatory enzyme, phosphatase. PMID- 6661461 TI - [Histone synthesis at S- and G2-phases of the mitotic cycle of human diploid fibroblasts]. AB - The phase-specific synthesis of the total protein, histones, RNA and DNA in human embryonic fibroblasts synchronized by double thymidine blockade was investigated. It was shown that activation of histone synthesis occurs in three steps, i.e. i) immediately before replication, ii) after DNA synthesis maximum, and, iii) at the G2-phase of the mitotic cycle. During maximal replication of DNA histone synthesis is suppressed. It was assumed that at the pre-replication phase histone synthesis controls decondensation, while and the G2-phase--condensation of chromatin. PMID- 6661462 TI - [Detection of an immunoglobulin-like serum protein possessing a high affinity for collagen]. AB - Fibronectin isolated from bovine serum by affinity chromatography on collagen Sepharose was found to contain a great number of concomitant proteins. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of experimental samples pretreated with beta mercaptoethanol under denaturation conditions resulted in the polypeptide fractions with Mr of 25, 54 and 82 KD, while the non-treated samples contained only one protein of non-fibronectin type (Mr = = 180-190 KD). This protein was isolated from the total preparations of collagen-binding proteins by the procedures generally employed for the isolation of purified preparations of immunoglobulins G; this protein was also isolated from purified immunoglobulins G using affinity chromatography on collagen-Sepharose. In terms of its molecular weight, subunit composition and immunological and chromatographical behaviour this protein can be related to immunoglobulins. The immunoglobulin-like protein isolated together with fibronectin revealed an affinity for denatured collagen, but not for fibronectin or Sepharose. The content of immunoglobulin with an affinity for denatured collagen in the total fraction of immunoglobulins G is 0.3 0.5%. PMID- 6661463 TI - [Effect of fatty acids on calmodulin regulation of adenylate cyclase from the brain striatal system]. AB - p3eincubation of striatal membranes for 1 hour at 37 degrees C in the presence of calmodulin results in thermal inactivation of the calmodulin-insensitive adenylate cyclase; the activity of the calmodulin-sensitive form of the enzyme remains practically unchanged. Using a membrane preparation of striatal adenylate cyclase possessing a high sensitivity to calmodulin, the effects of fatty acids on regulation of adenylate cyclase by Ca2+ and calmodulin were studied. It was found that linolenic and palmitic acids exert a weak activating effect on adenylate cyclase in the presence of Ca2+, but do not practically affect the enzyme in Ca2+ free media. Linolenic acid almost completely inhibits the activation of adenylate cyclase by calmodulin; palmitic acid has no such effect. It was assumed that unsaturated fatty acids may prevent the interaction of adenylate cyclase with calmodulin. PMID- 6661464 TI - [Possible reasons for decrease in the proliferating activity of the rat thymus after a single injection of glucocorticoids]. AB - A single injection of triamcinolone-acetonide evoked multiple changes in adrenectomized rat thymuses, e.g. decrease of DNA polymerase and thymidine kinase activities, incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA and fragmentation of chromatin. The decrease of proliferating activity of thymus was preceded by inactivation of cytoplasmic DNA polymerase responsible for DNA replication. Fragmentation of DNA caused by double strand ruptures at the linkage sites affected primarily the non-proliferating thymocytes. Incubation of nuclei isolated from the thymuses of control and hormone-treated animals in Ca2+ and Mg2+-containing media increased the level of low molecular weight compounds in them. It was assumed that the inhibiting action of triamcinolone-acetonide on cytoplasmic DNA polymerase prevents the involvement of proliferating thymocyte subpopulation in a new generation cycle and provides for their terminal differentiation and decay, eventually resulting in fragmentation of DNA. PMID- 6661465 TI - [Accumulation of cholesterol in Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes in the steady state phase of culture growth]. AB - In early logarithmic phase of growth of the A. laidlawii cells the lipid composition of plasma membrane is changed: the total lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid contents are decreased, while that of cholesterol changes only insignificantly. In late logarithmic and steady state phases the cholesterol level in the membrane is increased in parallel with the decrease of the phospholipid content. Throughout the growth period a quantitative redistribution of membrane phospholipids in fatty acids and an increase of the molar content of saturated fatty acids are observed. Accumulation of cholesterol in the steady state phase is accompanied by an increase in the membrane viscosity which results in inhibition of membrane processes in the cell. PMID- 6661466 TI - Neurobehavioral evidence for mesolimbic specificity of action by clozapine: studies using electrical intracranial self-stimulation. AB - The ability of chronic treatment with the atypical neuroleptic clozapine to induce functional dopaminergic hypersensitivity in laboratory rats was assessed. The intracranial electrical self-stimulation paradigm, known to be sensitive to changes in functional dopaminergic sensitivity, was used. Animals with electrodes in the ventral tegmental nucleus (mesolimbic dopamine cell body area) showed a marked increase in self-stimulation rate following 3 weeks of chronic clozapine. This increase was similar in magnitude and duration to that shown by animals given 3 weeks of chronic haloperidol. In contrast, animals with electrodes in the substantia nigra (nigrostriatal dopamine cell body area) showed no change in self stimulation rate following 3 weeks of chronic clozapine. These data are interpreted in the light of previous suggestions that clozapine and other atypical neuroleptics may possess functional selectivity for the mesolimbic dopamine system. PMID- 6661467 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in CSF in schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer's disease and normals. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and protein were measured in the CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease, depression, schizophrenia with and without tardive dyskinesia, and control subjects. AChE activity was assayed by a radioenzymatic method involving the direct extraction of hydrolyzed 3H-acetate into a toluene-based scintillation fluid followed by liquid scintillation spectrometry. AChE activity was proportional to the amount of CSF protein. Greater than 90% of AChE activity in CSF could be inhibited by 10(-3) M eserine. In addition, activity remained stable despite repeated freeze-thawing in an acetone-dry ice bath. Age was found to be positively correlated with CSF protein and AChE activity expressed per volume CSF, but not with AChE measured per milligram protein. No differences between diagnostic groups were found on either measure of AChE when the extraneous factors of age and CSF protein concentrations were controlled, nor were any differences found between groups for CSF protein when age was controlled. PMID- 6661468 TI - Effects of eight-hour naloxone infusions on human subjects. AB - Twelve normal male volunteers received saline control, low-dose naloxone, and high-dose naloxone infusions during three weekly sessions. The sessions were 16 hr long: 1 hr for predrug assessments, 8 hr during which either naloxone or saline was infused in a double-blind procedure, and a 7-hr postdrug observation period. The 8-hr infusions of naloxone had no effect on experimental ischemic arm pain. In addition, the ischemic arm pain procedure did not significantly increase either plasma levels of cortisol or immunoreactive beta-endorphin, suggesting that the procedure was not stressful. The high-dose naloxone infusion resulted in a slightly aversive mood state and prevented the normal circadian decrease in cortisol levels. Both doses of naloxone increased systolic blood pressure and prevented the normal diurnal increase in temperature. The 8-hr infusions of naloxone did not result in changes in pain, mood, or physiological indices beyond what was present within a few hours after starting the infusion. PMID- 6661469 TI - 3H-imipramine platelet binding sites in unipolar depression. AB - High-affinity 3H-imipramine binding to platelets was determined in 15 drug-free unipolar depressed women and 15 normal controls. The maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) was lower in the depressed population, but the difference fell short of statistical significance (p = 0.07). The dissociation constant for imipramine binding (Kd) was found to be significantly lower among patients than in controls (p = 0.02). The various factors that can affect the in vitro platelet assay, and the implications for affective disorder research, were discussed. PMID- 6661470 TI - Sleep onset REM episodes are associated with circadian parameters of body temperature. A study in depressed patients and normal controls. AB - Sleep and 24-hr body core temperature were measured during a 2- to 3-week study interval in 15 endogenous depressives, 12 patients after remission, and 10 normal control subjects. The total sample was subdivided into one group of persons who displayed at least one sleep onset REM episode (SOREM; latency less than or equal to 20 min) during the study interval and another group of persons who never had SOREMs; 14 persons (8 depressives, 3 remitted patients, and 3 control subjects) belong to the SOREM group, 23 persons (7 depressives, 9 remitted patients, and 7 control subjects) to the group without SOREMs. While the groups do not differ in the mean body core temperature, members of the SOREM group have a significantly smaller variation around the daily mean value. This is mainly due to a smaller difference between daytime and nighttime body temperature in the SOREM group. These data suggest that short REM latency is closely associated with alterations of body core temperature. PMID- 6661471 TI - Chlorpromazine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome and its response to diazepam. AB - We have observed two cases of chlorpromazine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS); both were transiently responsive to intravenous diazepam challenge, but not to blind placebo or amyobarbitol. The interrelationship, via feedback between central dopaminergic and gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) systems is reviewed. A theoretical role for a relative DA-GABA imbalance during NMS and treatment implications are discussed. PMID- 6661472 TI - A conceptual framework for psychobiological synthesis. PMID- 6661473 TI - Clinical differentiation of primary degenerative and multi-infarct dementia: a critical review of the evidence. Part I: Clinical studies. AB - For patient care and for research purposes there is an obvious need for a valid and reliable set of clinical criteria to distinguish antemortem between primary degenerative dementia (PDD) and multi-infarct dementia (MID). To this end, specific diagnostic criteria for each have been promulgated in the official nomenclature, and a rating scale devised to differentiate these disorders is in wide use. These efforts suggest a diagnostic capability that is not, however, well supported by the literature. This critical analysis of representative clinical studies and articles published over the past two decades reveals important drawbacks in methodologic approaches and interpretation of data which seriously undermine confidence in making the clinical distinction between PDD and MID. PMID- 6661474 TI - Clinical differentiation of primary degenerative and multi-infarct dementia: a critical review of the evidence. Part II: Pathological studies. AB - A critical examination of representative pathological studies published over the past four decades reveals that this literature fails to provide sufficient support for the antemortem differentiation of primary degenerative dementia (PDD) from multi-infarct dementia (MID) on the basis of clinical criteria. Similar conclusions with respect to clinical studies and articles are presented in Part I of this overview. Among the difficulties commonly encountered in the literature are sampling bias, retrospective design, nonblind assessments, inadequate sample size, failure to consider overlap (i.e., mixed cases), absence of pathological verification in the clinical studies and post hoc reasoning. The necessity to assure that one is dealing with a case of PDD as opposed to some other dementing process is self-evident. However, these reviews show that this capability has not been adequately established with respect to the differential diagnosis of PDD and MID; the evidence to date indicates that the clinical diagnosis of MID, in particular, should be made with caution until more conclusive methods become available. PMID- 6661475 TI - CSF triiodothyronine (rT3) levels in patients with affective disorders. PMID- 6661476 TI - Relationship between creatine phosphokinase and immunoglobulins in unmedicated Caucasian schizophrenics. PMID- 6661477 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test in repeated hospitalizations. PMID- 6661478 TI - On the relation between platelet monoamine oxidase activity and the growth hormone response in psychosis. PMID- 6661479 TI - Hypoglycemia associated with imipramine. PMID- 6661480 TI - Antimanic effect of clonazepam. PMID- 6661481 TI - Event-related potentials recorded during the discrimination of improbable stimuli. AB - In three separate experiments using auditory stimuli, subjects detected improbable targets in an on-going train of standard stimuli. In experiment I there were two equally improbable target stimuli, one difficult to discriminate from the standard stimuli and one easy to discriminate. Experiment II investigated the effects of discrimination difficulty using four different targets, each equal in probability. Experiment III evaluated the effects of both target discriminability and probability on the target-evoked potentials. The subjects in all three experiments consistently displayed delayed reaction times and higher percentages of misses with the more difficult targets. The amplitude of the N1 wave to target stimuli increased as target discriminability was increased. The latencies of the target-evoked N2 and P3 waves increased and the amplitude of the P3 decreased as target discriminability decreased. The amplitude of the N2 wave increased as the target discrimination became more difficult. The amplitude of the N2 wave elicited by an easy target was enhanced by making the target highly improbable whereas probability did not affect the N2 elicited by a difficult target. PMID- 6661482 TI - The P3 complex as an index of information processing: the effects of response probability. AB - The amplitude and latency of the late positive (P3b) component of the cortical evoked potential were studied in a visual search task. The main independent variables were memory load, response type and relative response frequency. In the experiment we used the varied mapping procedure, a condition in which the target and distractor stimuli were thoroughly mixed across trials. The main goal of the study was to establish the locus of relative response frequency. In many models of choice reaction time the effect of this task variable is believed to occur in the response selection stage. If the latency of the P3b only indexes stimulus evaluation, independent of response selection and organization processes, relative response frequency should only affect reaction time and not the latency of P3b. The results indicated that the latency of P3b was very sensitive to the number of comparisons, response type and relative response frequency. In addition, only a subset of subjects selectively prepared for the most probable response. Only these subjects showed the effects of relative response frequency in their reaction times too. Response preparation, however, did not affect the latency of P3b. It was concluded that the latency of P3b is a very sensitive index of the search and comparison process, the binary decision process, and the probability of the type of the decision, but insensitive to motor preparation. PMID- 6661483 TI - Sources of uncertainty and psychophysiological state changes under conditions of noxious stimulus anticipation. AB - The main aim of the experiment was to compare the effect of the two variables (regarded here as different sources of subjective uncertainty) - probability of stimulus occurrence and ambiguity of the message about this probability - upon changes in heart rate (HR) and skin resistance (SR) during anticipation of a noxious stimulus. Three other independent variables - the type of stimulus (shock vs. sound), repetition of trials (two series of trials), and time-within-trial - were controlled as well. Results indicate that ambiguity as compared to probability has a more pronounced effect upon SR changes. Effects of the two variables upon HR changes are not significant. Moreover, in the shock group, the effect of repetition of trials was found to have a habituation effect for HR changes and a dishabituation effect for SR changes. PMID- 6661484 TI - [Quality assurance in implants for bone surgery]. PMID- 6661485 TI - [Importance of shape and surface design for the stability of implantable cementless joint prostheses]. PMID- 6661486 TI - [Materials studies of retrieved hip cups made of ultrahigh-molecular polyethylene]. PMID- 6661487 TI - [Effect of shaft shape on the stress distribution of hip endoprostheses in the femoral cortical layer. A technical and clinical study]. PMID- 6661488 TI - Quantitative pressure injection of picoliter volumes into Limulus ventral photoreceptors. AB - Many pharmacological probes must be applied to the interior of cells to produce their effects. Ideally, a method for injecting such materials should be simple, rapid, and independent of the chemical properties of the material to be injected. In addition, one might desire to confirm immediately that an injection occurred and to estimate the volume injected shortly thereafter. We report that these conditions are fulfilled when the injection of materials from micropipettes by pressure pulses is confirmed by visualization of injection-induced disturbances in cells viewed on a video monitor. Volumes of aqueous droplets subsequently injected into a nearby oil pool may be used to estimate the volumes injected into cells. We have obtained a calibration curve for these quantitative estimates of injected volumes by injecting radioactively labeled sulfate into Limulus photoreceptor cells. We find that the estimates are accurate within a range covering one order of magnitude. We assess the sources of systematic and random errors in making these estimates. PMID- 6661489 TI - Interactions of voltage-sensing dyes with membranes. III. Electrical properties induced by merocyanine 540. AB - The effects of merocyanine 540 on the electrical properties of lipid bilayer membranes have been investigated. The alterations this dye was found to produce in the intrinsic conductances of these membranes were minimal, but it profoundly altered the conductances produced by extrinsic permeant species. These alterations were much larger for neutral membranes than for negatively charged ones. The dye increased the conductances mediated by positively charged permeant species and decreased those by negatively charged permeant species, suggesting that it produces a negative electrostatic potential on the membrane; it also altered the kinetics and the voltage dependencies of permeation by these charge carriers. The magnitudes of dye-mediated conductance changes were much larger for positively charged permeants than for negatively charged ones; also, changes in ionic strength altered these dye effects in opposite directions from those predicted by the Stern equation, and the dependence of the conductance alteration on dye concentration was steeper than that predicted by this equation. Finally, only very small changes in liposome zeta potentials were induced by the dye. Calculations show that a large fraction of these effects can be accounted for by the dipole potential produced by merocyanine at the membrane surface, but that additional effects of the dye must be postulated as well. PMID- 6661490 TI - A continuously variable frequency cross-correlation phase fluorometer with picosecond resolution. AB - A detailed description of the construction and performance of a variable frequency cross-correlation phase fluorometer is reported. The phase fluorometer operates over the frequency range 1-160 MHz with a maximum resolution of a few picoseconds. The effects of distortions introduced by the light modulator and the nonlinear dynode characteristic are discussed in terms of the harmonic content of the detected signal. A source of systematic errors due to nonhomogeneous modulation is also discussed with particular attention to the color effect of the photomultipliers. The application of the phase fluorometer to the measurement of very long and very short lifetimes is reported. Some application to the measurement of multiexponential decays is also illustrated. PMID- 6661491 TI - Large divalent cations and electrostatic potentials adjacent to membranes. A theoretical calculation. AB - We have extended the Gouy-Chapman theory of the electrostatic diffuse double layer by considering the finite size of divalent cations in the aqueous phase adjacent to a charged surface. The divalent cations are modeled as either two point charges connected by an infinitely thin, rigid "rod" or two noninteracting point charges connected by an infinitely thin, flexible "string." We use the extended theory to predict the effects of a cation of length 10 A (1 nm) on the zeta and surface potentials of phospholipid bilayer membranes. The predictions of the rod and string models are similar to one another but differ markedly from the predictions of the Gouy-Chapman theory. Specifically, the extended model predicts that a large divalent cation will have a smaller effect on the potential adjacent to a negatively charged bilayer membrane than a point divalent cation, that the magnitude of this discrepancy will decrease as the Debye length increases, and that a large divalent cation will produce a negative zeta potential on a membrane formed from zwitterionic lipids. These predictions agree qualitatively with the experimental results obtained with the large divalent cation hexamethonium. We discuss the biological relevance of our calculations in the context of the interaction of cationic drugs with receptor sites on cell membranes. PMID- 6661492 TI - Comparison of the kinetics of calcium transport in vesicular dispersions and oriented multilayers of isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. AB - Knowledge of the functional properties of the protein in oriented multilayers, in addition to vesicular dispersions, of membranes such as the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), extends the variety of techniques that can be effectively used in studies of the membrane protein's structure or structural changes associated with its function. One technique requiring the use of oriented multilayers to provide more direct time-averaged and time-resolved structural investigations of the SR membrane is x-ray diffraction. Therefore, the kinetics of ATP-induced calcium uptake by isolated SR vesicles in dispersions and hydrated, oriented multilayers were compared. Ca2+ uptake was necessarily initiated by the addition of ATP through flash photolysis of caged ATP, P3-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyl adenosine 5' triphosphate, with either a frequency-doubled ruby laser or a 200 W Hg arc lamp, and measured with two different detector systems that followed the absorbance changes of the metallochromic indicator arsenazo III, which is sensitive to changes in the extravesicular [Ca2+]. The temperature range investigated was -2 degrees to 26 degrees C. The Ca2+ uptake kinetics of SR membranes in both the vesicular dispersions and oriented multilayers consist of at least two phases, an initial fast phase and a subsequent slow phase. The fast phase, generally believed to be associated with the formation of the phosphorylated enzyme, E approximately P, is kinetically comparable in both SR dispersions and multilayers. The slow phase mathematically follows first-order kinetics with specific rate constants of approximately 0.6 s-1 and approximately 1.2 s-1 for the dispersions at 26 degrees C and multilayers at 21 degrees C, respectively, with the given experimental conditions. The slow phase, generally believed to be associated with the translocation of Ca+2, across the membrane profile, appears to be the same process in SR dispersions and multilayers through their virtually identical rate constants and their identical activation energies of 22 +/-1 kcal mol -1. The stoichiometry of ~2 mol Ca2+/mol ATP hydrolyzed was measured in dispersions for the slow phase of Ca2+ uptake. Photolysis of caged ATP with the lamp and the laser provides comparable results for the Ca2+ uptake kinetics in SR dispersions and multilayers. Laser flash photolysis, however, has the advantages of optimal time resolution and effective synchronization of the ensemble of Ca2+ ATPase molecules in the ATP initiated Ca2+ transport process. PMID- 6661493 TI - Formation and properties of cell-size lipid bilayer vesicles. AB - Hydration of single or mixed phospholipids or lipid protein mixtures at low ionic strength results in the formation of a population of large, solvent free, single bilayer vesicles with included volumes of up to 300 microliters/mumol lipid. Their size ranges from 0.1 to 300 microns and they can be sorted out according to size by centrifugation. When formed in distilled water their internal solution has a conductivity of 20-50 microseconds/cm-1, an osmolarity of 0.5-5 mOsM, and a density of 1.0005-1.001. The osmotic pressure produced by the internal solutes cause a surface stress of 25 dyn/cm for a 20-microns vesicle. Their elastic constant ranges from 75-150 dyn/cm. During formation they can internalize particles such as latex beads or cell nuclei. They can be impaled with microelectrodes, or patch clamped. They can also be sealed to a small Vaseline treated hole in a thin partition between two aqueous compartments. Sealing occurs in two stages. In the first stage sealing resistance is similar to that seen with patch-clamp pipettes. In the second stage, a much tighter seal is obtained. After sealing, the smaller portion of the sealed vesicle can be selectively broken by an electric shock leaving a single membrane across the hole. The capacitance and resistance of such membranes, in the presence of 10 mM NaCl, are approximately 0.7 microF/cm2 and 10(8) omega cm2 for pure lipid vesicles. Gramicidin increases the membrane conductance and monazomycin induces voltage-dependent gating thus providing further evidence that the vesicles are bounded by a single bilayer. PMID- 6661494 TI - Two elementary models for the regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium. AB - It is shown by use of an extremely simple explicit two-state model that two basic ideas may be sufficient to understand at least qualitatively the sensitive activation of isometric muscle contraction by Ca2+. (a) Ca2+ binds much more strongly on troponin if myosin is already attached to actin. The steady state analogue of this is that the single rate constant (in the two-state model) for myosin attachment plus Pi release is much larger if Ca2+ is bound to troponin. (b) End-to-end tropomyosin interactions are responsible for positive cooperativity. Although these ideas seem to be sufficient, this of course does not mean that they are necessary. These same ingredients were used in two previous, more elaborate models for the cooperative equilibrium binding of myosin subfragment-1 on actin-tropomyosin-troponin, with and without Ca2+, and for a study of the steady state ATPase activity of the same system. Essentially as an appendix, the above-mentioned simple treatment is extended to a somewhat more realistic and complicated model of isometric contraction. PMID- 6661495 TI - Erythrocyte and ghost cytoplasmic resistivity and voltage-dependent apparent size. AB - Particle resistivity is explicitly included in the equations relating volume to voltage pulse, in electronic cell sizing or resistive pulse spectroscopy (RPS). It has long been known that in high electric fields cell resistivity decreases as the membrane undergoes dielectric breakdown. At sufficiently high electric field strengths, well past dielectric breakdown, the red cell membrane becomes electrically transparent, or nearly so, and apparent cell size becomes essentially a function of the cytoplasmic resistivity. Electronic cell sizing is traditionally carried out at low electric field strengths, and corrections made for the influence of cell shape by use of the Laplace equation. We find the Laplace solution to be still applicable at very high electric field strengths for purposes of calculating specific cytoplasmic resistivity from RPS measurements. Our value for discocytes, 220 omega X cm, is in good agreement with published results obtained by other researchers using other techniques. We have also applied these same procedures to determine the time course of voltage-dependent resistivity changes in ghosts and intact spherocytes, during the first 5 min after suspension in hypotonic medium. We believe these to be the first explicit calculations of particle specific resistivity from post-dielectric-breakdown apparent size, using traditional electronic sizing techniques. PMID- 6661496 TI - Landau theory of two-component phospholipid bilayers. I. Phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine mixtures. AB - Priest's phenomenological model (Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 60 (1980) 167.) on one- and two-component PC bilayers is extended here. We constructed a new excess free energy term in the state function to describe the thermodynamic properties of the two-component phospholipid bilayers where the chain lengths and the polar heads of the components can be different simultaneously. By means of this generalized state function, we can calculate the phase diagrams of DPPC/DPPE, DMPC/DMPE, DMPC/DPPE, DPPC/DMPE and DSPC/DMPE mixtures. We obtained complete miscibility both in the liquid crystalline and in the gel phase if the chain lengths of the components were the same. If the chain length of the PE component was longer than that of the PC component, we obtained a peritectic system. A eutectic system was obtained in the reverse case. The results of the model were compared with the experimental data available. Applying the quasichemical approximation, we determined the molecular meaning of the phenomenological model parameters. Namely, sigma and gamma are proportional to the sublimation heat of the CH2 group in the long-chain alkanes and to the hydrogen-bonding energy between the polar heads of the ethanolamines; otherwise the model resulted in--1.94 kcal/mol per CH2 for the sublimation heat and --1.4 kcal/mol for the hydrogen-bond energy. PMID- 6661497 TI - Theoretical and experimental studies on zone-interference chromatography as a new method for determining macromolecular kinetic constants. AB - Zone-interference chromatography is a new method for studying macromolecular interactions (S. Endo and A. Wada, Anal. Biochem. 124 (1982) 372). This method is a new style of affinity chromatography which requires no preparation of affinity column materials but utilizes the velocity difference in a column between interacting molecular species. Using the stochastic theory on the behavior of solute molecules, both the association and the dissociation rate constants can be analytically obtained from the degree of deformation of elution patterns, i.e., the change of the first and second moments. In order to verify the present theory, computer simulation of elution profiles by the extended plate theory and a binding experiment between glutamate dehydrogenase and ADP have been carried out. PMID- 6661498 TI - Local effects in hydrophobicity. Electrostatic interactions in the restructuring of highly polar solvent around less polar solute. AB - Two simplifying assumptions are frequently used in the biophysical chemistry of aqueous solutions: (i) a dielectric mediates the interactions of polar and ionic molecules in aqueous phases and (ii) the dielectric constant of this medium is high and uniform up to molecular surfaces. Because of their great utility in rationalizing simple electrostatic and dielectric effects in such polar systems, it is important to examine whether these assumptions also lead to deductions that are locally consistent with the solvent restructuring observed in hydrophobic phenomena. In this paper, using a model polar fluid system, these macroscopic assumptions are applied to the rigorous, microscopic nonlinear integral equation for Wki, the potential of mean force between two adjacent polar molecules. In systems of high dielectric constant, linearization of Boltzmann exponentials and approximation of three-molecule potentials of mean force by superposition of two molecule potentials permit reduction to a linear integral equation for Wki. It is shown that the strictly local electrostatic contributions to Wki exert an effect that is qualitatively similar to the global screening effect of a dielectric medium. Through the relation between Wki and configurational probabilities, it is further found that reducing the polarity of a molecule in a polar fluid shifts local pair probability density from energetically unfavorable to energetically favorable two-molecule configurations. This general effect, which clearly promotes local structure, would augment more specific hydrophobic mechanisms in aqueous systems. Thus, the assumptions upon which the highly successful Debye Huckel and Onsager models are supported lead also to deductions about local structure that are consistent with hydrophobic structure enhancement. PMID- 6661499 TI - On the statistical thermodynamics of membrane formation. AB - Modifying a procedure developed by Scheutjens and Fleer (J. Phys. Chem. 83 (1979) 1619; J. Phys. Chem. 84 (1980) 178) to describe adsorption of polymers, a lattice theory is proposed to formulate the formation and properties of amphiphilic bilayer membranes. In this theory individual conformations are distinguished and lateral interactions are taken into account in a Flory-Huggins approximation. Probability distributions of head, tail and solvent segments are computed and it is shown that they are not narrow, i.e., membrane properties are subject to considerable fluctuations. The average concentration of the water in the hydrophobic core is nonzero. Various extensions, consequences and applications are proposed. PMID- 6661500 TI - Raman spectroscopic studies on the interaction between divalent counterion and polyion. AB - The nature of the interaction between polyacrylate ion and several divalent cations, such as Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ba2+ and Mg2+, was investigated using Raman spectroscopy. A specific Raman band characteristic of a carboxyl group is shifted upon addition of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ to partially neutralized poly(acrylic acid). On the other hand, no frequency shift of the specific Raman band is observed on addition of Mg2+ and Ba2+, though the intensity of the specific Raman band decreases with concentration of MgCl2. It is concluded from these Raman data that the interaction between polyacrylate ion and Cu2+, Zn2+ or Mn2+ includes a specific interaction with bond formation, whereas in the case of Mg2+ and Ba2+, the electrostatic interaction is dominant. PMID- 6661501 TI - pH feedback control of enzyme membranes. AB - pH feedback on immobilized enzymes is theoretically examined with respect to substrate and pH levels, strength of acids produced by the reaction, buffering and asymmetry of the system. All the productions of proton by the different reactions are taken into account by using a 'symbolic species' H. The system of differential diffusion-reaction equations is then integrated using numerical methods. The local 'effective enzyme activity' modulated by an acidity factor enables us to predict and quantify evolutions of the systems: NonMichaelian behavior of an immobilized Michaelis-Menten-type enzyme is shown, even when pH back-actions are excluded; the analysis of intramembrane pH profiles shows that the shift of the optimal pH is a complex function of the substrate and pH levels, the intrinsic pH dependence of the enzyme, and the membrane characteristics. This study may easily be transposed to other types of effector such as divalent cations and used in examining self-regulations of multienzyme systems where pH active reactions are involved. PMID- 6661502 TI - A study on the positive ellipticity in the circular dichroism of ribonuclease A. AB - The small positive ellipticity near 239 nm in the CD spectrum of RNase has been investigated as a function of pH. Theoretical calculations using CD parameters representing buried or exposed tyrosine residues have been carried out. A comparison of the theoretical calculations with experimental data suggests that the changes in the band's intensity, as a function of pH, arise mainly from electronic transitions associated with the tyrosine residues. The buried tyrosine residues are the major contributors to the ellipticity in this region at neutral pH. At higher pH contributions from exposed residues are also observed. PMID- 6661503 TI - Identification of metabolites of hexazinone by mass spectrometry. AB - The metabolites of hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5 triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione ] obtained in the rat and in plants were identified by mass spectrometry. Rat urine metabolites were identified from direct probe spectra obtained on metabolites separated by thin-layer chromatography. Sugarcane metabolites were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. The major metabolic routes were found to be hydroxylation of the cyclohexyl group and demethylation. All identifications were confirmed by synthesis and direct comparison of chromatographic data and mass spectra. Hexazinone is metabolized quickly and extensively in the biological systems studied, and is relatively nonpersistent in the environment. PMID- 6661504 TI - Cytotoxicity of cyclodepsipeptides on murine lymphocytes and on L 1210 leukemia cells. AB - By in vitro experiments we have demonstrated an important cytotoxic effect of destruxins A, A2, B, B1 and E on L 1210 leukemia cells. This cytotoxic effect was measured by DNA synthesis. The cytotoxic effect on normal mouse spleen lymphocytes was also evaluated. For the most cytotoxic compound, destruxin E, 16 mg/kg was found to be the minimal dose necessary to kill all mice. PMID- 6661505 TI - [Biologic systems and optimal control]. AB - A lot of biological systems can be modeled by mathematical relations. Furthermore, existence of regulations and optimizations lead to optimal control systems. In this paper we want to describe with simple examples some difficulties and advantages of such systemic approaches. PMID- 6661506 TI - Is it necessary to measure plasma levels of anticancer drugs? AB - Variability in plasma drug levels in patients given the same doses of anticancer agents suggests that the efficacy of the drugs may also differ. Stress is laid on the need in clinical trials to make concomitant measurements of the plasma levels of drugs used. PMID- 6661508 TI - [Kinetics of prolactinemia after withdrawal of dopamine perfusion and during the administration of domperidone. Normal and hyperprolactinemic subjects (prolactinomas and suprahypophyseal lesions)]. AB - Fifteen normal menstruating women in the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycle, fifteen patients with prolactin secreting adenomas, two patients with a suprahypophysial lesion and an hyperprolactinemia, underwent a dopamine infusion (4 micrograms/kg/mn for four hours and an orally administration of domperidone (40 mg). Prolactin rebound after the arrest of dopamine infusion and during domperidone are + 400% and + 2,300% in normal subjects. These same studies are followed by similar and reduced prolactin response in suprahypophyseal lesion and prolactinomas. Such results suggest an abnormality of central dopaminergic control and/or a primary abnormality of lactotropes in prolactinomas. In two prolactinomas the normalization of both prolactin level and prolactin responses during the same tests is in favor of a primary abnormality of adenomatous lactotrope. These data justify neuro-surgical adenomectomy. PMID- 6661507 TI - The properties of human fetal bone marrow stromal and hemopoietic cells. AB - The capacity of fetal bone marrow to form stromal cell colonies, granulocyte macrophage colonies, stromal cell monolayers and to produce granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating activity from these monolayers was evaluated in comparison to adult bone marrow. Granulocyte-macrophage colony formation on routine feeder layers was approximately equal in both cases. The fetal bone marrow colonies were larger in size than those from adult precursors. There were at least ten times more stromal cell precursors in fetal bone marrow than in adult bone marrow. The fetal bone marrow stromal cell monolayer formed within 7 12 days whereas adult stromal monolayer formation required 3-4 weeks. Fetal bone marrow stromal cell monolayer produced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA) effective only for fetal GM precursors, whereas adult bone marrow produces GM-CSA effective for fetal and adult normal and CML bone marrow. PMID- 6661509 TI - Clotting abnormality in lithium treated rats. AB - Blood clotting was markedly influenced in rats that were given lithium, either in their diet or parenterally. The clotting of whole blood was significantly enhanced in the lithium treated rats and an assessment of [prothrombin consumption index] suggests that lithium may be exerting its effect by influencing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. The possible clinical significance of these findings need to be assessed. PMID- 6661510 TI - Ewing's sarcoma: transplantation in nude rat. AB - Eight Ewing's sarcoma, primary tumor or metastasis, have been transplanted in Nude Rats. These tumors grow slowly and only in female rats. One of them has been maintained for 13 months with 5 passages. It has conserved all the characteristics of the primary tumor, histologic and ultramicroscopic morphology, glycogen secretion and cytogenetic modification (11.22 translocation). The graft of Ewing's sarcoma to Nu/Nu rats is a valuable system to get more material in good condition to study the nature and the origin of Ewing's cells, to test the new chemotherapy trials and to prepare and test the monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6661511 TI - Bioavailability of medroxalol in man. AB - Ten healthy male volunteers received single oral doses of 100 mg of medroxalol administered as a solution, a preliminary tablet formulation and a single dose of 100 mg administered intravenously in a randomized three-way crossover study. Mean terminal half-lives of 12.4, 13.4, and 11.3 h were observed for the intravenous, solution and tablet formulation, respectively. Mean urinary recovery of parent drug at 48 h was 8.9 per cent, 3.9 per cent, and 3.2 per cent. Absolute bioavailability estimated from plasma AUC was 54 per cent for the solution and 38 per cent for the tablet, and the relative bioavailability from the tablet was 71 per cent. PMID- 6661512 TI - Pharmacokinetics of glucuronidation of propranolol following oral administration in humans. AB - Pharmacokinetic and bioavailability parameters of propranolol were estimated in 10 healthy adult subjects after single oral doses of two commercial tablet formulations of propranolol hydrochloride (2 X 40 mg). Plasma concentrations of propranolol were determined by a high-performance liquid-chromatographic (HPLC) assay. Peak plasma concentrations of propranolol glucuronide were 6-8 times those of the corresponding peak propranolol plasma concentrations. The mean resident time (MRT) of propranolol and of propranolol glucuronide was determined for each subject for both formulations. The MRT of the parent drug was found to be longer than the MRT of the glucuronide metabolite for each of the subjects examined. Statistical moment analysis indicated that this phenomenon is attributable to extensive presystemic glucuronidation of the parent drug. PMID- 6661513 TI - Biliary secretion of sulindac and metabolites in man. AB - The biliary secretion of sulindac and metabolites after a single 400 mg oral dose of the drug was studied in 3 elective gallbladder surgical patients following placement of an occludable T-tube in the common bile duct. Bile and systemic plasma were sampled at frequent intervals for up to 36 h postdose. The apparent biliary clearance (Vcl,bile) of the prodrug sulindac is about 25 times greater than that of the pharmacologically active sulfide metabolite. The total biliary flux of drug in normal man with an uninterrupted enterohepatic cycle, calculated from Vcl,bile and historic mean plasma drug AUCinfinity0 values, averages 144 and 12.2 per cent of the dose as sulindac and the sulfide metabolite, respectively. Thus, enterohepatic recycling of the drug in man is principally in the form of the prodrug which not only limits exposure of the intestine to the active moiety but also sustains systemic concentrations of active drug upon reabsorption of the prodrug. PMID- 6661514 TI - The Wagner-Nelson method applied to a multicompartment model with zero order input. AB - It is shown that the Wagner-Nelson absorption method provides zero-order input rate constants exactly, or with small error, in a large number of cases where the two-compartment open disposition model applies. Factors affecting the accuracy of the method were studied with error-free simulated data. The method was applied to real data for three drugs. With ethanol infused over 2 h in eight human trials the estimated rate constant averaged 99.6 per cent of the known rate constant with a coefficient of variation of 6.86 per cent. With pindolol infused over 3 h five human subjects the estimated rate constant averaged 98.7 per cent of the known rate constant with a coefficient of variation of 22.5 per cent. With theophylline administered orally in a sustained-release form to seven human subjects the Wagner-Nelson method provided estimated zero-order rate constants which averaged 95.8 per cent of those estimated by an exact two-compartment absorption equation with a coefficient of variation of 38.1 per cent (in this case bolus intravenous data were available for the same subjects). PMID- 6661515 TI - The pharmacokinetics of HI-6 in beagle dogs. AB - The pharmacokinetics of HI-6 were studied following intravenous administration to beagle dogs (n = 7). The bioavailability of two different strength intramuscularly administered doses was also determined in the same animals. After a 20 mg kg-1 intravenous dose, the mean (+/- S.D.) initial HI-6 plasma concentration was 93.1 +/- 10.8 micrograms ml-1. The mean half-life was 48.2 +/- 17.7 min, the mean total body clearance was 5.16 +/- 0.81 ml min-1 kg-1, the mean apparent volume of distribution was 0.37 +/- 0.20 l kg-1 and 61.2 +/- 14.6 per cent of the dose was excreted as unchanged drug. The pharmacokinetic constants calculated following the 20 mg kg-1 intramuscular doses of 250 and 25 mg ml-1 solutions were not significantly different from those obtained following the intravenous dose. Also, the areas under the plasma concentration versus time curves were not significantly different indicating 100 per cent bioavailability from the intramuscular route of administration. PMID- 6661517 TI - Estimation of number of receptor sites, binding capacity or Vm. PMID- 6661516 TI - A new metabolite of butylated hydroxyanisole in man. AB - Butylated hydroxyanisole (I) is one of the most commonly used food antioxidants. Its use has been suggested to inhibit a variety of carcinogenic responses. The present study on the disposition kinetics of (I) in man indicates that contrary to previous reports, (I) undergoes significant O-demethylation in the body yielding a tert-butyl hydroquinone. It is suggested that this metabolic conversion may be responsible for some of the in vivo activities of (I) against chemical carcinogens. PMID- 6661518 TI - Plasma levels of ethaverine after oral administration to humans. AB - Fourteen healthy human subjects received a 200 mg oral dose of ethaverine hydrochloride as an elixir. Blood samples were obtained for 12 h after dosing. Plasma ethaverine concentrations were determined using a paired-ion, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method. Individual plasma concentration-time profiles were fitted to a two-compartment model with first order absorption. The ethaverine was rapidly absorbed, based on a time of maximum plasma concentration of 0.75 h, a time-lag of 8.4 min, and an apparent first order absorption half-life of 8.6 min. The mean terminal elimination half-life was 3.3 h. PMID- 6661519 TI - A facile method for the isolation of porcine heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase by affinity elution chromatography on Procion Red HE3B. AB - A quick, simple method has been devised for isolating pig heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase in apparently homogeneous state and good yield. It entails the adsorption of the enzyme to agarose-linked Procion Red HE3B and specific elution of a ternary complex consisting of the malate dehydrogenase, NAD+, and L malate. PMID- 6661520 TI - A new member of the troponin C superfamily: comparison of the primary structures of rat oncomodulin and rat parvalbumin. AB - When the amino-acid sequence of the 108-residue, rat tumour calcium-binding protein, oncomodulin, was aligned with that of rat muscle parvalbumin, 55 homologous positions were found, with an additional 33 single base-pair substitutions. This extensive homology, with virtual identity of the calcium binding domains, signalled oncomodulin to be a member of the troponin C superfamily. The presence of Cys-18 and Phe-66 in oncomodulin, plus its isoelectric point of 3.9, suggest that this tumour protein is a beta-parvalbumin, rather than a muscle alpha-parvalbumin. PMID- 6661521 TI - A potpourri of syndromes with anomalies of dentition. AB - There are, of course, many disorders other than those discussed here that have distinctive orofacial findings. The conditions discussed in this paper were chosen to illustrate the importance of recognizing that an abnormality of teeth exists. In many multisystem syndromes a correct diagnosis depends on the type of dental involvement. For the dentist who is not a geneticist, or the geneticist who is not a dentist, it is important to recognize that something is "different" and to refer for a definitive diagnosis and comprehensive treatment plan. It is often not what we see and know but what we don't see and don't know that is important. PMID- 6661522 TI - Everyone's guide to the dentition. AB - There are soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity that may develop abnormally as isolated defects or as components of syndromes. It is important for the dentist and nondentist to describe abnormalities of the oral structures since diagnosis may depend on which structure is defective and in what way. In order to describe the abnormalities, however, proper terminology must be known, and the natural state of the structures must be known. This paper describes most of the clinically relevant oral structures in reasonable terminology and sets the stage for the specialized papers that follow. PMID- 6661523 TI - Heterogeneity in the trichorhinophalangeal syndromes. PMID- 6661525 TI - Three-layered Couette flow of polar fluid with non-zero particle spin boundary condition at the interfaces with applications to blood flow. AB - In this paper, Couette flow of blood is modelled as a three-layered flow. The model basically consists of a core (red-cell suspension) and plasma (a Newtonian fluid) in the top (near the moving plate) and bottom (near the stationary plate) layers. Flow is assumed to be steady and laminar and fluids are incompressible. A spin boundary condition at the interfaces is used by introducing two parameters. Analytic expressions for velocity, total angular velocity and effective viscosity have been obtained and their variations with spin parameters S and s, layer thickness, coupling number N and characteristic length ratio L are computed and shown graphically. One of the important observations of the analysis is the permissible values of the coupling number N is between 0 and 1/square root2 (in the existing literature, the range of N is 0 to 1). The present model includes Couette flow of one and three-layered Newtonian fluids and one-layered polar fluid models as its special cases. Applications of the proposed model to blood flow have been briefly discussed. PMID- 6661524 TI - The dentist and the dentition. AB - The role of the dentist on interdisciplinary teams has expanded from therapeutics to comprehensive diagnosis, relying heavily on expertise in anatomy, pathology, and genetics. Along with this expansion has come a need for other health professionals to understand the diagnostic side of dentistry. Since alteration of tooth structure and eruption patterns are a significant component of many birth defects, it behooves those interested in such problems to become acquainted with the material in the remainder of this volume. PMID- 6661526 TI - Flow investigations in a model of a three-dimensional human artery with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Part I. AB - Together with biochemical factors, fluid mechanical factors play a role in atherogenesis and the deposition of blood platelets at bends and bifurcations in human arteries. Hence, flow patterns were investigated in a simplified 3 dimensional model of a human renal artery bifurcation using Newtonian (aqueous glycerol) and non-Newtonian (aqueous solution of polyacrylamide) fluids. Studies were carried out in steady as well as pulsatile flow at inflow Reynolds numbers of 498 and 951 with flow rate ratios main tube V1: right branch V4: left branch V3 of 1: 0.25: 0.25 and 1: 0.18: 0.18 respectively. The velocity distribution proximal and distal to the bifurcations was measured using a laser-Doppler anemometer. In steady flow, zones of flow separation and reverse flow were observed distal to the bifurcations. In pulsatile flow using non-Newtonian fluids, there was a significant enlargement of these zones. Differences between the Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids occurred especially distal to the bifurcations. Shear stresses along all measuring positions were computed from the velocity gradients. PMID- 6661527 TI - On two-phase model of pulsatile blood flow with entrance effects. AB - A particle fluid suspension model is applied to the problem of pulsatile blood flow through a rigid circular tube with entrance effects. Flow is generated by an arbitrary (time and axial flow variable dependent) as well as a particular pressure gradient of physical importance. Fluid and particle phase velocities are explicitly determined for both, with and without entrance effects. Further, steady pulsatile velocities for both cases are deduced by taking time t -greater than . Several other limiting cases of physical and biological importance have been obtained and discussed in detail. PMID- 6661528 TI - Determination of erythrocytes transit times through a 5 mu "nuclepore" filter. AB - Filtration experiments through 5 or 3 mu Nuclepore membranes are often performed in order to assess the so-called erythrocyte deformability. The relation between this parameter and the RBC filterability is not straightforward. A simple theoretical treatment relating filtration index (as determined by the initial flow rate method) to the average RBC flow resistance through an average pore is presented. In order to deduce the average RBC transit time through the membrane from the initial flow rate data, the suspension hematocrit change after filtration has been determined. The calculated average transit time is comparable to experimental values, as determined by KIESEWETTER et al. with the single pore technique. PMID- 6661529 TI - On hydraulic strengthening of bones. AB - Hydraulic strengthening of bones - i.e. the strengthening effect of the viscous fluid in bones - is discussed and the contradicting results of some researches concerning the existence of hydraulic strengthening are estimated. It is concluded that hydraulic strengthening exists and has an important positive effect upon the mechanical behaviour of bone, especially of cancellous bone. General features of an adequate mathematical model for the mechanical behaviour of cancellous bone are specified. PMID- 6661530 TI - A structural mathematical model for the viscoelastic anisotropic behaviour of trabecular bone. AB - The presented paper is based on the conclusions of the preceding paper (1). On the basis of a general theoretical approach to the mechanics of heterogeneous materials published earlier / (2) , (3) , (4) / macroscopic constitutive equation of trabecular bone is deduced from the description of its microstructure. For the behaviour in physiological limits trabeculae are described as elastic and the remaining material constituent as a Maxwell body. The resulting macroscopic constitutive equation comprehends tensorial internal variables and the parameters appearing in it are the constants of the material constituents constitutive equations, the respective volume fractions and special structural parameters descriptive of the geometry of composition. The system of the trabeculae as well as the system of the remaining constituent of the composite are considered to be interconnected - continuous. Explicite formulae are given for the case of transverse isotropy, but the extension to more general cases of anisotropy is well possible. The procedure of identification of the model parameters is shown and a numerical example calculated. PMID- 6661531 TI - Reply to the comments on - a two-fluid model for blood flow through small diameter tubes. PMID- 6661532 TI - [Effect of systematic exposure to sound on the level of seizure susceptibility of KM rats]. AB - The effects of systematic sound exposition on seizure readiness were investigated in KM rats. Numerous sound expositions (90 dB) first led to the development of epileptiform seizures whereupon to a decrease in seizure readiness. The latter reduced as well after systematic long-term sound action which did not provoke seizure activity. PMID- 6661533 TI - [Vascular cellular elements as the source of development of desmoid fibroma]. AB - Electron microscopic radioautography was used to investigate DNA and RNA syntheses in desmoid fibroma pieces ablated at operation. The DNA precursor 3H thymidine was discovered to be incorporated only into vascular wall cells. RNA synthesis was the most overt in endotheliocytes, pericytes and fibroblasts adjacent to the vessels. At a distance from the vessels the majority of the cells were in a state of destruction. Based on the data obtained the authors arrive at the conclusion that the proliferation of vascular wall cells gives rise to the development of desmoid fibroma providing for the replenishment of tumorous cells. The latter ones, while making the cycle of differentiation and specific function, move away from the vascular lumen and then get destroyed. PMID- 6661534 TI - [Method of measuring the modulus of elasticity of human muscle tissue]. AB - An experimental method is described for estimating the mechanical properties of human soft tissues by calculating Young's modulus which was defined according to the slope of the hysteresis curve of the test subject, reflecting the dependence of its deformation on the force applied. The main causes of numerous difficulties in obtaining such data and the ways for their overcoming are considered. Experiments were made on the biceps in the isometric mode under different degrees of internal tension. It has been shown that the higher the physical development of the test subject the less the magnitude of Young's modulus. The dependence of its magnitude on the degree of muscular tension is sublinear in character in the group with good physical development and superlinear in that with poor physical development. PMID- 6661535 TI - [Choice of suture material for surgery on the biliary system]. AB - To study the most biologically inert sutural material under the conditions of choleintestinal anastomoses, 3 series of dog experiments were performed. Terminolateral choledochoduodenoanastomoses were established in all the animals. To establish the first layers of sutures in the first series (25), use was made of catgut, in the second series (25) of silk, and in the third one (25) of capron. To establish buried sutures, use was made of silk 3. Macro- and microscopic studies of anastomoses were made 3, 7, 15, 30, 90, 180 and 360 days after operation. Histological and histochemical studies of the sections of the anastomosis demonstrated that the morphological appearance around sutural material in question was strikingly different. The capron thread appeared the most inert under contact of alimentary juices with a highly irritant action. It is advisable that such a thread should be widely used in surgery on the biliary ducts. PMID- 6661536 TI - [Morphological and cytological characteristics of the burn healing process by various treatment methods]. AB - Morphological and cytological methods were used to study the healing of a burn wound in local isolation wards (an open treatment method) and under ointment bandages (a closed treatment method). Biopsy specimens and imprints from the burn wound surface were taken from 40 patients. During treatment in an abacterial medium, burn wound was rapidly decontaminated, which was a consequence of the appearance in wound exudate of segmented neutrophils with marked neutrophilic granularity. Granulation tissue was formed in the wound cavity at the 5th-7th day after the treatment commencement. During treatment under bandages wound decontamination was extremely slow. For a long time wound exudate shows the predominance of dystrophically changed neutrophils, while granulation tissue in the wound cavity if formed only at the 21st-24th day after the treatment commencement. PMID- 6661537 TI - [Quantitative study of aortic wall permeability]. AB - Fluorescent microscopy with trypan blue was used to assay aortal wall permeability. The dye permeation to the vascular wall was assayed by photometry with graphic data recording. The technique described enabled exploring aortal wall permeability in rabbits with experimental hypertension associated with induced atherosclerosis. PMID- 6661538 TI - [Phospholipid hydrolysis and ferrous oxide-induced chemiluminescence in surviving rat liver mitochondria]. AB - The content of free fatty acids in mitochondrial and light mitochondrial fractions of the liver increased during 4-hour survival from 11 to 28 and from 8 to 43 nanomoles per mg protein, respectively. In the course of survival, the magnitude of the latent period of the Fe2+-induced chemiluminescence increased 2,5-4-fold in both mitochondrial fractions. With 2-hour survival the time of the chemiluminescence development was more prolonged and its intensity was reduced in the two fractions. The data obtained may indicate the increased antioxidative activity of the organelles during survival of the organ in situ. PMID- 6661539 TI - [Fluorometric scopoletin peroxidase method for determining monoamine oxidase activity in human thrombocytes]. AB - A highly sensitive fluorometric method for monoamine oxidase activity assay in human platelets has been designed. The method enables rapid measurement of the enzyme activity in health and disease. PMID- 6661540 TI - [Role of lipid peroxidation in damage to serotonin receptors and development of epileptiform seizures during hyperoxia]. AB - Hyperoxia brought about substantial accumulation of primary and end products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and a significant lowering of alpha-tocopherol content in rat brain tissues. Preinjection of animals with synthetic and natural antioxidants (4-methyl-2,6-ditretbutylphenol and alpha-tocopherol) prevented LPO activation and decreased the frequency of epileptiform seizures induced by hyperoxia. Administration of a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids led to an opposite effect. The changes in the properties of serotonin receptors were found to be dependent on the hyperoxia-induced LPO. These changes were marked by the reduced specific binding of serotonin with neuronal membranes of the rat brain cortex. The data obtained allowed the conclusion about the key role played by LPO activation in toxic action of hyperbaric activation on the brain. PMID- 6661541 TI - [Effect of chemical sympathectomy on the development of DOCA-salt hypertension in rats]. AB - Structurally based resistance and vascular reactivity of the posterior body to noradrenaline were studied in normotensive rats and rats with DOCA-salt hypertension. The hypertension was induced in rats with intact sympathetic nervous system and in rats subjected to neonatal sympathectomy with guanethidine. During the prehypertensive stage, vascular sensitivity of the smooth muscles to noradrenaline was enhanced, with structural lesions being observed only in steady hypertension. Elevation of arterial pressure was accompanied by an increased vascular response to the stimulation of the sympathetic nerves. Sympathectomy prevented arterial pressure elevation and structural alterations in the vessels. PMID- 6661542 TI - [Prevention of cardiac contractile function disorders during prolonged stress by preliminary adaptation to short-term stress exposure]. AB - Studies of contractile function of an isolated right auricle in Wistar rats have demonstrated that long-term immobilization stress (fixation in the lying position for 6 h) results in the decreased extensibility of the auricle and pronounced depression of the developed tension. Preliminary adaptation of the animals to short-term immobilization stress (daily fixation in the lying position for 1 h over 10 days) per se insignificantly affects the extensibility and contractile function of the auricle but in effect it reduces its adrenoreactivity and completely prevents the post-stressor rigidity of the auricle and its function abnormality after long-term stress. PMID- 6661543 TI - [Prevention of stress-related disorders in the contractile function of non ischemic areas of the heart during myocardial infarction using gamma hydroxybutyric acid]. AB - Contractile function of an isolated right auricle of the rat was studied one day after producing an experimental infarction of the left ventricle. It was disclosed that in this non-ischemized heart area there developed marked decrease in myocardial extensibility and depression of contractile function manifesting in an approximately two-fold lowering of the developing tension. These stress induced disturbances prevented by administering GABA prior to myocardial infarction production. It is assumed that the action of GABA is accounted for by its capability to protect non-ischemized areas of the myocardium against harmful stress action. PMID- 6661544 TI - [Effect of ionizing radiation on the functional state of the vascular thrombocytic component of the hemostasis system]. AB - The influence of ionizing radiation (gamma-rays 60Co) on aggregation activity of the vascular wall and functional (aggregation) platelet activity was studied in the course of the development of acute radiation sickness. The decrease in the aggregation properties of the vascular wall and high functional activity of platelets were inversely proportional, correlating with the periods of acute radiation sickness development and depending on the radiation dose. It is suggested that the changes detected may play a role in the pathogenesis of the development of the postirradiation thrombohemorrhagic syndrome. PMID- 6661545 TI - [Effect of chorionic gonadotropin on the content of prostaglandins (E + A) in pathologically altered liver tissue and blood of rats]. AB - Twenty-four and 48 hours after injection of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) the content of prostaglandins E + A in the liver and blood plasma of white random bred rats with chronic hepatitis increases (both after and without castration). This accounts for some aspects of the mechanism of the CG-induced stimulation of liver regeneration, which results in structural and functional normalization of the organ. PMID- 6661546 TI - [Thyroid hormones and phospholipase activity in rat liver mitochondria]. AB - The rate of the hydrolysis of mitochondrial phospholipids isolated from the liver of rats given excess amount of thyroid hormones for a long time was higher than in normal animals. Activation of this process determined by endogenous phospholipase of mitochondria could be also observed in liver mitochondria isolated 2 days after a single injection of L-thyroxine into rats. It is assumed that the hyperthyrosis-induced acceleration of lipid peroxidation in these organelles might be one of the reasons for activation of endogenous phospholipase of mitochondria. PMID- 6661547 TI - [Change in acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity in mouse lymphocytes induced by concanavalin A]. AB - The treatment with concanavalin A (5 micrograms/ml) of mouse lymphocytes containing 70-72% of T cells entails an increase in the activity of acid phosphatase and a decrease in the activity of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. These changes were detectable 15 h after lymphocyte incubation with Con A. After 24 h of incubation acid phosphatase activity rose 2-fold whereas that of N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase dropped 45-50%. Possible mechanisms of these changes are discussed. PMID- 6661548 TI - [Effect of naloxone in traumatic shock]. AB - Experiments on rabbits were made to examine the effect of naloxone, a specific antagonist of opiates and endogenous opioid peptides, on traumatic shock. Naloxone (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) injected intravenously 2-15 minutes after trauma produced no effect on the arterial pressure and the heart rate. As compared with control animals, the lifespan of animals with trauma decreased. It is suggested that endogenous opioid peptides may play a protective and adaptive role in the torpid phase of traumatic shock. PMID- 6661549 TI - [Nature of the inhibitory serum factor in mice injected with isologous antibodies conjugated with cellulose]. AB - The formation of antigen-specific serum inhibitory factor was induced by injection of covalently bound to cellulose syngeneic antibodies to sheep red blood cells into (CBA X C57BL/6)F1 mice. This factor was absorbed by cellulose immunosorbents immobilized with antibodies against sheep red blood cells and with rabbit antibodies against mouse gamma-globulin and was not absorbed by immunosorbents immobilized with immunoglobulins of intact mice or immunoglobulin containing antibodies against rat red blood cells. These data, and evidence obtained by the authors previously, indicate that inhibitory factor of the serum is likely to be due to idiotypic antibodies. PMID- 6661550 TI - [Relation of the frequency of chromosome aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells to the concentration (dose) of benzene administered by various routes]. AB - Experiments on mice were made to study the rate of bone marrow cells with chromosome aberrations after continuous inhalation of benzene for 7 days at the concentrations 13.9, 36.8 and 73.7 mg/m3 and after a 10-fold intragastric administration of benzene at the doses 5,20 and 80 mg/kg, the interval between administrations being 24 hours. The rate of cells with chromosome aberrations increased as the benzene level was raised (upon both administration routes) and was satisfactorily depicted by linear equations. The doses 36.8 and 20 mg/kg appeared the least effective. PMID- 6661551 TI - [Comparative study of the action of an inhibitor and a stimulator present in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells on cell proliferation in the tumor]. AB - The action of the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cells of mice on cell division in the tumor and its dependence on adrenalin were studied. The cytoplasmic fraction was shown to contain a tissue specific inhibitor of mitoses. The nuclear fraction was found to contain a stimulator of cell division whose effect is not tissue-specific. Inhibition and stimulation of mitotic activity by the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions, respectively, are observed in the absence of adrenalin in the medium. However, the action of these fractions undergoes definite hormone-induced changes. PMID- 6661552 TI - [Possibility of an artefact in determining hematopoietic stem cell proliferation by CFUs suicide methods]. AB - Spleen colonies in the irradiated mice are produced by both stem cells and by their more differentiated progeny. In the latter case the colonies are transitory, ceasing 10-11 days after cell injection. The transitory colonies may be the cause of systematic artifact during the determination of stem cell proliferation. It was shown in particular that the proliferation of stem cells after sublethal irradiation remains the same, while higher rates of suicide are determined by the death of the precursors of the transitory colonies. At the same time higher proliferation of stem cells is not artifact in lethally irradiated animals and is also detectable after exclusion of the effects of the precursors of the transient colonies. PMID- 6661553 TI - [Natural cytotoxic activity of mouse bone marrow and spleen cells during regeneration after exposure to cyclophosphamide]. AB - The time course of the activity of natural killers in the bone marrow and spleen of mice was examined after exposure to cyclophosphamide. The activity of natural killers abruptly dropped one day after the cyclophosphamide injection. In the bone marrow, it was not detectable from the 2nd till the 6th day. The minimal cytotoxicity in the spleen was recorded between the 3rd and 6th day. Following 7 days there was a rapid recovery of natural cytotoxic activity in both organs. PMID- 6661554 TI - [Autoradiographic analysis of transcription in sympathetic neurocyte nuclei following axonal injury]. AB - One of the trunks of the inner carotid nerve of the cranial cervical sympathetic ganglion of the rabbit was intersected. The level of transcription in nervous cells at the height of the development of the morphological signs of the axonal reaction was determined by autoradiography. The method is based on the demonstration of the activity of RNA polymerases. Injury of the process causes a considerable decrease in the total and nucleoplasmic labeling of the nuclei of retrogradely changed neurocytes. The level of nucleolar labeling was not changed. PMID- 6661555 TI - [Changes in the dendrites of the rat lateral hypothalamic region during food deprivation]. AB - Electron microscopy was used to explore ultrastructural changes in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of rats 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after food deprivation. Special attention was paid to studies on changes in LHA dendrites which carry out receptive function. The dendrites were shown to be the most vulnerable and to be affected earlier than other components of neurons (somas, axons). The time course of pathomorphological changes in the dendrites, namely from initial to gross destructive ones, was specified. The characteristic changes in the dendrites included invagination into the dendritic cytoplasm of adjacent structures, mostly axons, with destructive changes in the area of invaginated parts. Invagination could be observed since the third day and was the most demonstrable on the 7th day of food deprivation. The possible mechanisms of such invaginations are discussed. PMID- 6661556 TI - [Pathomorphology of lymphoid tissue at late periods after anaphylactic shock]. AB - The lymph nodes (mesenteric, popliteal) and the thymus of rabbits were examined pathomorphologically and morphometrically in short-term (2-3 days) and long-term (8-10 days) periods after anaphylactic shock (AS). The main alteration that developed in the lymph nodes after AS was a decrease in the size of the follicles with the manifestations of depletion. Along with multiple mitoses in reticular and blast cells the follicles of the lymph nodes demonstrated a considerable lessening in the lymphocyte count and alterations - pyknosis, rhexis, lysis of their nuclei with phagocytosis of the fragments by reticular cells. The presence of destructive alterations in lymphoid tissue seen in the long-term periods after AS points to the delayed recovery of the morphological integrity of lymphoid tissue as compared with the clinical convalescence. PMID- 6661557 TI - Cell adhesion: a general appraisal. AB - Most data on cell adhesion relate to in vitro conditions; for this reason the subject of this review is adhesion of cells to plane inorganic substrata. Adhesion is conceived of as a process requiring energy and comprising distinct steps, most notably the secretion of attachment proteins, the build-up of attachment sites, and the attachment site--induced organization of the cytoskeleton. The grip and stick concept (Rees et al. 1977) is a very adequate interpretation of this course of events. Agents and functions involved in the stages of adhesions are briefly outlined and a few possible extrapolations to cell adhesion in vivo are indicated. PMID- 6661558 TI - Cell-cell recognition: relation to cell adhesion with special reference to adhesion of hepatocytes. AB - Cell recognition is defined as an active process giving rise to a specific response. Cell adhesion is a good example of cell recognition when it can be demonstrated that the adhesion is mediated by molecules having specific binding properties. Such cell adhesion molecules have now been identified in several cellular systems. We have demonstrated that cell-cell adhesion between rat hepatocytes involves a 105,000 dalton cell surface glycoprotein (cell-CAM 105) and that other high molecular weight glycoproteins participate in the attachment of these cells to collagen. Using immunofluorescence we found cell-CAM 105 in the liver, the simple epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract, the kidney tubules and in the glandular epithelium of the parotid gland. In these tissues it was specifically located at the places of the junctional complexes. We have thus demonstrated that adhesion of adult rat hepatocytes is characterized by specificity both at the molecular and the cellular levels. However, the specificity at the cellular level was not complete, since the same cell-cell adhesion molecule was also present in some simple epithelia in addition to the liver. PMID- 6661559 TI - Ultrastructural modifications in platelet membranes and cytoskeleton following activation. AB - Platelet stimulus-activation-contraction-secretion coupling is linked to fundamental modifications in the biochemistry and ultrastructure of membranes and the cytoskeletal system. The nature of the physical changes and their relationships to biochemical events are just beginning to emerge. The present discussion examines basic changes occurring in the peripheral zone and cytoskeleton following platelet activation. Examination of the current state of knowledge may foment new interest in this important area of research. PMID- 6661560 TI - Platelet membrane involvement in blood coagulation. AB - Intact platelets do not show procoagulant phospholipids on their exterior. These phospholipids are located at the inside leaf of the bilayer membrane. They become available by (a) disrupture of the platelets (mechanical, osmotical etc.), (b) by a mechanism specific for the platelets, that we call the membrane flip-flop. Membrane flip-flop translocates procoagulant phospholipids (mainly phosphatidylserine) in the intact platelet from the inside to the outside. Thus the intact platelet becomes procoagulant. The trigger for the flip-flop mechanism is the simultaneous presence of small amounts of collagen and thrombin. The clotting factors IXa and VIIIa bind to the procoagulant lipids to form the factor X converting enzyme and factor Xa and factor Va to form prothrombinase. PMID- 6661561 TI - Sex law reform in an international perspective: England and Wales and Canada. PMID- 6661563 TI - Shoplifting: an occasional crime of the moral majority. PMID- 6661564 TI - Guilty verdict in a murder committed by a veteran with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. PMID- 6661562 TI - Childhood and family background of killers seen for psychiatric assessment: a controlled study. PMID- 6661565 TI - Movies and behavior among hospitalized mentally disordered offenders. PMID- 6661566 TI - The offense records of a sample of convicted exhibitionists. PMID- 6661567 TI - A unique review of rejected police candidates: psychiatric and psychologic aspects. PMID- 6661568 TI - Are there impartial expert psychiatric witnesses? PMID- 6661569 TI - Dissection of the prongs of ALI. A retrospective assessment of criminal responsibility by the psychiatric staff of the Clifton T. Perkins Hospital Center. AB - The staff of the Clifton T. Perkins Hospital Center has systematically reassessed the impact of the proposed modification of the ALI test removing the second prong. Findings of this retrospective survey reveal few changes in the composite staff opinions reported by the hospital but many variations in the opinions of individual psychiatrists when rating the prongs independently. The effect of these changes in Maryland (while difficult to anticipate) might be an increase in litigation. The resulting fiscal impact, therefore, not only could affect the Division of Corrections but also could increase court costs. The data suggest that rather than limiting psychiatric testimony and ensuring that only the sickest patients are exculpated, the proposed truncation of ALI may have paradoxical consequences. There may be more frequent battles of the experts based on less rigorous science and potential exclusion of affective psychosis from appropriate access to the defense of insanity. While the study methods and sample size prohibit reliable conclusions concerning the likelihood of these consequences in vivo, the issues raised strongly support a need for further investigation before a relatively well-functioning legal framework is changed in favor of the untested rubric of the proposed modifications of ALI. PMID- 6661570 TI - [Vascularization of the iris]. AB - A part of the LEBER's scheme concerning vascularization of the iris may be discussed from iridian angiograms. Serial frontal sections permit to precise the following data: The great arterial circle, which is in a tight relation with the ciliary muscle gives rise to one artery by ciliary process, and veins are located more posteriorly. The iridian zone proper has one radiate artery for 3 or 4 veins. The small arterial circle located in the collarette zone is variable, most often discontinuous. The iridian sphincter zone has a high density vascularization, constituted of antero-posterior vessels, realizing a pre sphincterian and retro-sphincterian networks. The marginal circle always exists; it seems mostly of an arteriovenous type. The density of this vascularization exceeds the nutritional needs of this organ, and suggests an other functional role. PMID- 6661571 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the photoreceptors of the human retina during aging]. AB - The ultra-structural study of the photoreceptors in the human retina during the aging process was carried out by comparing two groups of patient: 6 young subjects under 25 years of age, and 6 older subjects over 70. Retinal samples were taken from the posterior pole and treated with the classical techniques of electron microscopy. Our works show that during the aging process, nuclear and cytoplasmic morphological modifications are observed. The observation about nuclear modifications is in full agreement with aging process theories according to which the genome plays an essential part. On the other hand, no modification of the external article could be so far observed. Further works will perhaps allow to discover a decrease of the renewal process of the photoreceptor discs. PMID- 6661572 TI - [Estradiol and 3 H-thymidine incorporation in cultured human cancer cells (breast endometrium)]. AB - Nuclear incorporation of 3 H-Thymidine is widely used as a measure of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. We have studied by this way the growth stimulating action of estrogens on a human breast cancer cell line (FAM). We have observed discrepancies between 3 H-Thymidine incorporation and true cell proliferation: after estradiol treatment, we have noted increased incorporation of DNA precursor but no change in the cell number. Our preliminary results show that there was no increase of the size of nuclei, no increase of the DNA content. So, there is a need for a cell number control of results recording a growth promoting activity when only based on 3 H-Thymidine incorporation. A biochemical explanation of this discrepancy is submitted. PMID- 6661573 TI - [Horizontal scanography of the cervical spine: comparison with anatomic cross sections]. AB - Computed tomographies of one entire human cervical spine are compared to its anatomical cross-sections every six millimetres in the horizontal plane. Anatomical aspects are very similar between both techniques. Differences resulted from the integration of a volume for the C.T. scan and the analysis of a plane for the anatomy. Clinical and fundamental applications are pointed. PMID- 6661574 TI - [The role of the psoas muscle: apropos of the dissection of the muscles from 10 adults and 10 newborn infants]. AB - The action of the iliopsoas muscle (Musculus iliopsoas) on movements of the hip is studied by direct traction on fresh cadavers (10 still-born and 10 adults). The psoas muscle is a powerful flexor of the hip but also an external rotator. The action of external rotation is moderate but obvious in every position of the femur (Os femoris) and more important if previously in abduction and internal rotation. PMID- 6661575 TI - [Embryologic origin of salivary inclusions in the parotid lymph nodes]. AB - Epithelial salivary ducts included in the lymphoid tissue are sometimes recognized in the lymph nodes of an adult parotid region. These salivary inclusions into the nodes are in fact constant features of the foetal parotid gland. They arise by progressive development of a lymph node in a salivary lobula: lymphoid cells progressively stuff the lobula and choke the epithelial ducts. So, these salivary inclusions must not be qualified as ectopic. PMID- 6661576 TI - Isolation and identification of C16 and C18 fatty acid esters of chloropropanediol in adulterated Spanish cooking oils. PMID- 6661577 TI - Potential exposure of apple thinners to azinphosmethyl and comparison of two methods for assessment of hand exposure. PMID- 6661578 TI - Molecular basis for inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by naphthalene. PMID- 6661579 TI - Comparative ability of TCDD to induce lipid peroxidation in rats, guinea pigs, and Syrian golden hamsters. PMID- 6661580 TI - Phasic distribution of seminiferous tubules in rats treated with triphenyltin compounds. PMID- 6661581 TI - Metal transfer in vermicomposting of sewage sludge and plant wastes. PMID- 6661582 TI - Acute dermal toxicity of tetrachlorophenols in the rat. PMID- 6661583 TI - Acute and sublethal effects of 1080 on starlings. PMID- 6661584 TI - Relationship of alkaline stress and acute copper toxicity in the snail Goniobasis livescens (Menke). PMID- 6661585 TI - Uptake, accumulation, and elimination of HCB and 2,4-D by the terrestrial slug, Deroceras reticulatum (Muller). PMID- 6661586 TI - A reproducible method for the extraction of pesticide residues from fabrics. PMID- 6661587 TI - A new similarity principle for cardiac energetics. PMID- 6661589 TI - Computational modeling of evolutionary learning processes in the brain. PMID- 6661588 TI - Simulated tetanic hyperpolarization by sodium loading of a neuronal system in which active transport is linked to the Frankenhaeuser-Huxley equations. PMID- 6661591 TI - Dynamics of a continuous culture with catalysis of the growth-limiting substrate by an enzyme of the cells. PMID- 6661590 TI - Sequential behavior and stability properties of enzymatic neuron networks. PMID- 6661592 TI - [Pharmacological studies on myocardial cells in culture]. PMID- 6661593 TI - [Consequences of portal derivations on lipid metabolism in the rat]. PMID- 6661594 TI - [Fibrosis, sclerosis and stenosis]. PMID- 6661595 TI - [Various aspects of the immune response: a molecular enigma]. PMID- 6661596 TI - Relationship of headaches to depression. AB - One hundred and sixteen patients with major depressive disorder were asked for details of headaches during a depressive episode and during a nondepressed period. They experienced a headache rate similar to controls during the nondepressed period, but had an increased headache rate during depression (P less than .02). Patients with an increase in depressive headaches were younger, had more somatic complaints, and experienced more hypersomnia than other depressives. PMID- 6661597 TI - Social factors and affective disorder: an investigation of Brown and Harris's model. AB - The aetiological model proposed by Brown and Harris was examined in a sample of 110 working class women with children in Oxford. Using the same methodology as Brown and Harris, the role of provoking agents in the onset of affective disorder was found to be very similar to that which they originally described. Lack of an intimate relationship with a husband or boyfriend was found to act as a vulnerability factor, increasing the risk of psychiatric disorder in the face of a provoking agent. There was a trend for women with three or more children aged 14 or under to have an increased vulnerability. However, unemployment was not found to be a vulnerability factor. These results provide general support for Brown and Harris's causal model. PMID- 6661598 TI - Bipolar illness: correlates of dangerous inpatient behaviour. AB - Forty male patients with bipolar affective illness were examined for factors correlating with dangerous inpatient behaviour. It was found that 63 per cent of the variance for inpatient assaults could be accounted for by a combination of a history of severe childhood discipline, a manic state, the degree of psychosis and a record of violence prior to admission. Such information may be of use in the clinical prediction of violent acts by bipolar patients, as well as suggesting ways of preventing them. PMID- 6661599 TI - Delusional depressive in-patients, 1892 to 1982. AB - Three groups of 114 depressed patients admitted to hospital in Edinburgh, one in the year 1892, one in 1942-3 and one in 1981-2, were studied. The occurrence and content of depressive delusions were recorded. A significantly higher proportion of depressives had delusions in 1892 than in 1942-3, but there was no significant decline between 1942-3 and 1981-2. It is concluded that this decline in the proportion of depressive having delusions since 1892 probably does not reflect a genuine decline in the prevalence of depressive illness with delusions. The content of delusions differs between the years and between the sexes, and these differences are discussed. PMID- 6661600 TI - The Scottish survey of 'new chronic' inpatients. AB - All 'new chronics' (N = 571), defined as patients aged 18-64 years in hospital more than one but less than six years, were identified in 14 psychiatric hospitals serving 56 per cent of the Scottish population. The bed occupancy was 20/100,000 of the general population (range between hospitals 12-29/100,000). First admissions (5.8 beds/100,000) were clearly distinguished from readmissions. Although for the whole group schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis the majority of first admissions had organic brain disease. First admissions were more disabled and most were well placed in hospital. Thirty-eight per cent of all patients did not need inpatient care; 20 per cent could have been accommodated in staffed hostels. Widespread differences, especially in numbers, found between hospitals may have been due in part to different attitudes among staff towards the prospect of patients' discharge. PMID- 6661601 TI - A search for 'schizophrenia spectrum disorders'. An application of a multiple threshold model to blind family study data. AB - Family data from schizophrenic and control probands were analyzed using a descriptive analysis and multiple threshold models to determine whether a given group of diagnoses made in accordance with ICD-9 was aetiologically related to schizophrenia. The proportion of relatives receiving any psychiatric diagnosis, other than schizophrenia and affective disorder, was essentially the same between the two study groups. Furthermore, the data did not fit the multiple threshold model tested. Thus, the hypothesis that schizophrenia and a spectrum of disorders defined according to ICD-9 have a common familial aetiology was not accepted. PMID- 6661602 TI - Predictability as an index of impaired verbal communication in schizophrenic and affective disorders. AB - The cloze procedure was used to examine predictability in speech samples from schizophrenic, depressive, manic, schizoaffective and normal subjects. Each speech sample was also rated for particular indices of thought disorder using the Andreasen Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language and Communication. Schizophrenics were found to be less predictable than other patient groups or normals. Depressives were found to be the most predictable. Correlational analyses of cloze scores and specific thought disorder ratings suggest that reduced predictability is associated with traditional indicators of thought disorder. PMID- 6661603 TI - Caffeine and cerebral blood flow. AB - Two groups of normal volunteers had regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measured, by the 133Xenon inhalation technique, before and 30 minutes after 250 mg or 500 mg caffeine given orally. rCBF was measured in a third group of subjects, twice, at a similar interval under identical laboratory conditions. Subjects who received caffeine showed significant decreases in rCBF while the others showed no rCBF change from the first to the second measurement. However, the two caffeine groups did not differ in degrees of rCBF reduction. There were no regional variations in the post-caffeine decrease in cerebral blood flow. The three groups did not show significant changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide, pulse rate, blood pressure, forehead skin temperature and respiratory rate. PMID- 6661604 TI - Changes in cognition with pharmacotherapy and cognitive therapy. AB - A treatment trial comparing cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy, alone and in combination, in depressed out-patients, indicated that outcome on cognitive variables was similar to outcome on mood and severity measures, pharmacotherapy being less effective than cognitive therapy or the combined treatment in a hospital and a general practice sample. While combined treatment was superior to cognitive therapy in the hospital out-patients, the two treatments were equivalent in the general practice. Significant effects were obtained on measures of views of self, the world and the future, whose validity was demonstrated. The pattern of change through treatment showed the same order of progress for responders, while non-responders to cognitive therapy tended to do worst. The specificity of treatment effect is discussed. PMID- 6661606 TI - Recommendations for depression publications. PMID- 6661605 TI - Effects of ECT on pituitary hormone release: relationship to seizure, clinical variables and outcome. AB - Prolactin, cortisol, growth hormone and TSH serum levels (before and 15 minutes after treatment) were measured in 62 patients with endogenous depression randomly allocated to real or pseudo-ECT. Prolactin increased significantly more in those receiving real ECT than in those receiving pseudo-ECT, but the size of this effect had diminished by the time of the last (8th) treatment in the trial. Cortisol secretion was also significantly increased following the first treatment by real ECT, but this increase was of significantly smaller size in patients with delusions. Tolerance to the effects of ECT on cortisol secretion was not observed. No effects of ECT on growth hormone or TSH secretion were detected, and no clear evidence was obtained that endocrine responses can be used as a predictor of response to ECT. PMID- 6661607 TI - Podiatry and the sports physician--an evaluation of orthoses. AB - Fifty athletes with resistant symptoms, were jointly assessed by physician and podiatrist. Commonest symptoms were foot pains (38%), anterior knee pain (34%), ankle pains including chronic sprains (30%) and Achilles pain (16%). Simple clinical examinations were made for gait pattern, in which overpronation was specifically noted in 46%, posture, leg length and configuration, rearfoot and forefoot alignment. The commonest abnormalities were calcaneal inversion (varus) in 42%, forefoot malalignment (varus 24%, valgus 14%), tibial varus (12%) and leg length discrepancies (16%). Individually casted orthotic corrections were made using rigid (60%) or soft (32%) orthoses, both (6%) or a simple shoe-raise (2%). Results up to 3 1/2 years' follow-up show symptom relief in 56% and improvement in 8%. No change was reported in 14%, while 6% could not tolerate appliances and 16% were lost to follow-up. 54% were still using orthoses, 26% had abandoned them and 20% were lost to follow-up. Orthoses now cost up to pounds 90 stg. in UK. If only about two thirds of patients benefit from them and half continue their long term use, critical selection of cases is required in both clinical and economic grounds. PMID- 6661608 TI - Athletes attending a sports injury clinic--a review. AB - In a prospective study over the two years 1981-1982, there were 1186 separate sporting injuries treated at a Sports Injury Clinic. Just over 75% of patients were aged between 16 and 25 years old, while 80% were male. Football, Rugby, Running, Squash and Rowing contributed over 70% of these injuries. The commonest injuries were to the lower limb and lumbar region. In 43% of knee injuries there was strain of the collateral ligaments, while another 26% had patello-femoral pain. Short distance running was associated with an increase in shin splints, tibial stress fractures and hamstring injuries. Long distance running was associated with an increase in ankle and foot injuries. Sports Injury Clinics can benefit the injured athlete and there appears to be a need for their development in major hospitals. PMID- 6661609 TI - Some cerebrovascular complications of exercise. PMID- 6661610 TI - An unusual cycling injury. PMID- 6661611 TI - Transection of the popliteal artery whilst trampolining. PMID- 6661612 TI - Some anthropometric characteristics of the National Junior Hammer Squad. PMID- 6661613 TI - Synaptic action of R beta neurons on phrenic motoneurons studied with spike triggered averaging. AB - The functional role of dorsal medullary inspiratory neurons with excitatory input from lung stretch receptors (R beta neurons) is a matter of controversy. The present study, performed on chloralose-anesthetized and paralyzed cats, ventilated mainly with a phrenic-controlled servorespirator, deals with the spinal projection of these neurons, a property which suggests their involvement in the efferent part of the medullary respiratory complex. Out of 37 inspiratory neurons which could be excited antidromically following microstimulation within the contralateral C6 phrenic nucleus (latency 2.0 ms +/- 0.4, S.D.), 17 were classified by the 'no-inflation' test as R beta. Intracellular recording of synaptic potentials from phrenic motoneurons using the 'spike-triggered averaging' technique were made. In 10 phrenic motoneurons, the averaging revealed individual EPSPs (peak amplitude 150 +/- 110 microV, rise time 0.5 +/- 0.2 ms) time-locked to action potentials of 5 out of 7 R beta neurons tested. Cross correlation of the R beta neurons firing with the activity of C5 and C6 phrenic rootlets indicated a divergence of excitatory action within the phrenic nucleus. For comparison, in 3 phrenic motoneurons individual EPSPs were recorded when the activity of 3 R alpha cells was used to trigger the averaging. It is concluded that at least some R beta neurons, similarly to R alpha neurons, project to the contralateral phrenic nucleus and can make monosynaptic excitatory connections with phrenic motoneurons. The finding that individual EPSPs were similar when averaging was triggered by the activity of either R beta or R alpha neurons provides new evidence for our earlier hypothesis that bulbospinal inspiratory neurons of the solitary tract nucleus may be subdivided into two categories only on a quantitative basis. PMID- 6661614 TI - Microstimulation of the primate cerebellar vermis during saccadic eye movements. AB - The cerebellar vermal cortex in monkey was electrically stimulated through a microelectrode with brief pulse strains synchronized to the onset of selected saccadic eye movements. The delivery of these intrasaccadic microstimuli were randomly interposed in groups of saccadic eye movements made by trained monkeys to known target locations. The trajectory of the saccades with intrasaccadic stimuli were then compared to those made to the same target without stimulation. Contralaterally directed saccades were consistently slowed from their normal trajectory (normally at 12 ms after stimulus onset) and were made hypometric. Ipsilaterally directed saccades were not affected. Vertical eye movement components were also affected at some stimulating sites. Changing the stimulus train duration from 10 to 80 ms had no effect on the change in velocity or amount of dysmetria produced in contralateral saccades. Taken together these results suggest that a different set of cerebellar elements were being stimulated by the intrasaccadic mode as contrasted to stimulation at the same site at random times. Furthermore, the short period of time during an ongoing saccade presents a unique instant in which to test the relationship of various central structures to the saccadic system. Based on current concepts of the organization of the brainstem saccadic pulse generators, these data are interpreted to suggest that: (1) the cerebellar vermis has a rather direct influence on the contralateral saccade generator, (2) this influence can act to recode (diminish) the generator's representation of the size of motor error, (3) the effect occurs at a point in the generator where motor error is spatially coded. PMID- 6661615 TI - Receptive fields and responses to ionophoretically applied noradrenaline and 5 hydroxytryptamine of units recorded in laminae I-III of cat dorsal horn. AB - Recordings were made with carbon fibre microelectrodes from 87 units in laminae I, II and III of the spinal cord in anaesthetized cats, and responses of the units to ionophoretically applied noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5 HT) were observed. Units with low threshold receptive fields were situated in laminae II and III, while those with high threshold or wide dynamic range fields were mainly restricted to laminae I and II. NA excited nearly half of the units in laminae I and II but had no effect on most units in lamina III. 5-HT excited 68% of the units and these were distributed throughout all 3 laminae. Excitations, particularly by 5-HT, could be very prolonged. NA and 5-HT excited units in all 3 receptive field classes. A few units in lamina I were inhibited. It is suggested that the cells recorded from in the present experiments may be inhibitory interneurones which act on large dorsal horn cells or on their primary afferent inputs. PMID- 6661616 TI - Neuropeptide activation of an identifiable buccal ganglion motoneuron in Aplysia. AB - Application of the neuropeptide egg-laying hormone (ELH) of Aplysia to buccal ganglia activates a cell which has an axon in buccal nerve B4(17). The ELH activated axon innervates buccal mass muscle 15(12). Criteria to identify and to record intracellularly from the ELH-activated neuron prior to ELH application were developed, and properties of the intracellularly recorded response were observed. Of two major inputs into 15 activated by stimulation of nerve B4, the ELH-activated cell always corresponded to the one showing the lesser degree of facilitation at 1 Hz. ELH-containing extracts caused a slow smooth depolarization of this cell, leading to action potentials, which were not driven by discrete EPSPs. The response was not due to disinhibition, as IPSPs did not ordinarily occur prior to ELH application, although IPSPs sometimes occurred at high rates as ELH-containing extracts were washed off. ELH-containing Sephadex G-50 fractions activated the cell in both normal and high magnesium-low calcium media. On the basis of the location of its cell body and the amount and rate of decay of facilitation of its input into 15, the author suggests that the ELH-activated cell is the same as the previously identified 15 motoneuron, B16. PMID- 6661617 TI - A subcortico-cortical cholinergic system is affected in Parkinson's disease. AB - CAT activity was decreased in the frontal cortex and the substantia innominata of parkinsonian subjects, post-mortem. The decrease was greater in the frontal cortex of parkinsonians with dementia. The density of muscarinic cholinergic receptors increased in the cortex. This increase was inversely correlated with tremor. The effects on these parameters of both neuronal degeneration and anticholinergic therapy are discussed. PMID- 6661619 TI - Overconsumption of preferred foods following capsaicin pretreatment of the area postrema and adjacent nucleus of the solitary tract. AB - Lesions which destroy the area postrema (AP) and damage the adjacent nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) produce a constellation of behavioral signs which include overingestion of highly palatable food, exaggerated drinking in response to angiotensin II, diminished feeding in response to glucoprivation and chronically reduced body weight. The diversity of these signs, as well as the anatomical complexities of the AP and adjacent NST, suggest that more than one behaviorally relevant neural population may be damaged by lesions of these areas. Injections of the neurotoxin, capsaicin, made directly into the region of the AP and adjacent NST, cause rats to overconsume highly palatable foods when these foods are available during short (30 min) presentations or when they are available continuously. The capsaicin-treated animals, unlike rats with thermal lesions of the AP and adjacent NST, do not exhibit chronically reduced body weight or overdrink in response to angiotensin II. In addition, feeding in response to glucoprivation is undiminished in capsaicin-injected rats. These results suggest that thermal damage of the AP and adjacent NST causes overingestion of preferred foods by damaging a population of capsaicin-sensitive neurons. The other manifestations of thermal lesions of the AP and adjacent NST are probably mediated by neurons which are not susceptible to capsaicin-induced damage. Since small unmyelinated sensory neurons are most sensitive to damage by capsaicin, it may be that damage to small sensory neuron projections in the AP and/or adjacent NST produces the overconsumption of palatable foods. PMID- 6661618 TI - Hippocampal corticosterone receptors and novelty-induced behavioral activity: effect of kainic acid lesion in the hippocampus. AB - Rats were injected bilaterally in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus with kainic acid (KA) or with artificial CSF and their behavior and brain corticosterone (B) receptor systems were studied. The hippocampal KA injection destroyed part of the pyramidal neurons and of the dentate gyrus neurons. These neurons contain a receptor system for B. At 2 weeks after the KA lesion this B receptor system displays an increase in apparent maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of approximately 25%. The compensatory increase in B receptor concentration is reflected in an increased uptake of [3H]B in cell nuclei of hippocampal slices incubated in vitro with saturating concentrations of the steroid. Administration of a tracer dose of [3H]B shows that labelled steroid can enter in vivo the cell nuclear compartment of the KA-lesioned lobe. The role of B was investigated on novelty-induced behavioral activities of KA-lesioned and sham-lesioned animals in a large open and a small closed field at 10 days after bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) or sham ADX which is 14 days after the (sham) lesion. B (300 micrograms/kg rat) was administered s.c. 1 h prior to the test. KA lesion resulted in an increase in exploratory activity and a reduction in grooming and immobility. After ADX the effect of KA on exploration was reduced in the 5 min open field and abolished in the 30 min closed field. ADX animals displayed more grooming behavior (closed field). B replacement of ADX rats reinstated the exploratory hyperactivity of KA lesioned rats. On some components of the behavior such as ambulation in open field and locomotion in closed field, there was even a larger responsiveness to B in the KA-lesioned rats than in the control animals. It is concluded that (1) after KA lesion of receptor containing neurons, the remaining tissue displays a compensatory increase in number of B receptor sites; (2) B is required for full expression of exploratory activity of rats with or without KA lesions; (3) the KA lesioned rats display a larger responsiveness to B; and (4) the increased number of B receptor sites may underlie the larger responsiveness to B. PMID- 6661620 TI - Effects of antibiotics, minocycline and ampicillin, on human sleep. AB - The effects of two kinds of antibiotics, minocycline (MNC) and ampicillin (AB PC), on human sleep were investigated on 19 healthy male students to test for a relationship between human sleep and protein synthesis. These drugs and placebos were capsulated identically in appearance and were given to the subjects using the single blind method. MNC has been proven to prevent protein synthesis whereas AB-PC does not inhibit protein synthesis, and both antibiotics are commonly used in clinical practice. With the administration of a single dose of 200 mg of MNC, an apparent decrease in slow wave sleep (SWS) was revealed on the drug night and the effects lasted through the following two consecutive nights being given a placebo. REM sleep was not reduced on all the recording nights. On the other hand, both SWS and REM sleep were not reduced with the administration of a single dose of 500 mg of AB-PC. These results are different from those previously obtained from animal experiments since many kinds of protein synthesis inhibitors have been proven to suppress mainly REM sleep in animals. It might be supposed that the species difference may be responsible for this difference, and that some proteins or polypeptides induce human sleep, especially SWS. PMID- 6661621 TI - Total calorimetric measurements in the rat: influences of the sleep-wakefulness cycle and of the environmental temperature. AB - Rates of production as well as dry and evaporative heat loss during the sleep wakefulness cycle were studied in 11 male, adult albino rats with chronically implanted electrodes and thermocouple re-entrant tubes. Two groups of animals chronically acclimated to 6 or 23 degrees C were acutely studied at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C. Statistical analysis of the data shows that rates of heat production and dry heat loss differ with respect to acclimation and acute environmental temperatures, and show significant differences depending on the states of the sleep-wakefulness cycle. Rate of heat production was highest during wakefulness, intermediate during synchronized sleep and lowest during paradoxical sleep. Rate of dry heat loss of 15 degrees C was maximal during paradoxical sleep. Rate of evaporative heat loss apparently did not change with the states of the sleep-wakefulness cycle. Heat storage estimated from difference in rates of heat production and heat loss was positive during wakefulness, slightly negative during synchronized sleep and markedly negative during paradoxical sleep. The data presented suggest a clear although partial suppression of thermoregulatory mechanisms during paradoxical sleep in the white rat. PMID- 6661622 TI - Chlorpromazine methiodide acts at the vestibular nuclear complex to induce barrel rotation in the rat. AB - Barrel rotation is a unique motor response observed in rats in which, following an intracerebral injection, the animal develops a twist about the long axis and rolls laterally repeatedly. The response was first described following injection of somatostatin. We have previously shown that 'experimental dystonia' in rats induced by intraventricular chlorpromazine methiodide (CPZMI) is identical to barrel rotation, and that it is due to an antimuscarinic effect. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the neuroanatomical basis of CPZMI-induced rotation. We injected CPZMI in 3 microliters into right lateral and IVth ventricle and found that IVth ventricle injections were significantly more likely to induce rotation. Nuclear groups adjacent to the IVth ventricle, which are rich in muscarinic cholinergic receptors, include locus coeruleus and vestibular nuclear complex (VNC). We found that only VNC injections induced rotation. Only certain control compounds injected into VNC elicited the response. We conclude that barrel rotation has a specific neuroanatomical basis, involving central vestibular mechanisms, and that it has a specific pharmacologic basis. PMID- 6661623 TI - Identification of motoneurons in the nucleus ambiguus by antidromic stimulation of the superior and the recurrent laryngeal nerves in rats. AB - Motoneurons in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) for the superior and the recurrent laryngeal nerves were identified by antidromic stimulation of these nerves in rats anesthesized with urethane. Two subpopulations of NA motoneurons were distinguished in the ventrolateral medullary region: (1) NA motoneurons from which antidromically evoked action potentials by stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve were recorded were found in the ventral formation; and (2) neurons activated antidromically by stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve were in the dorsal formation of NA. These findings are in good agreement with previous morphological studies. PMID- 6661624 TI - Changes in the effects of stimulation of locus coeruleus and nucleus raphe magnus following dorsal rhizotomy. AB - The effects of stimulating locus coeruleus (LC) and nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) on lumbar dorsal horn cells that had been denervated by dorsal rhizotomy were studied. Both LC and NRM stimulation inhibited the responses of dorsal horn cells from the side of the cord with intact dorsal roots. However, when cells from the side of the spinal cord that had had prior rhizotomies were studied, half of the units were shown to be activated by either LC or NRM stimulation. PMID- 6661625 TI - Computer-assisted autoradiographic localization of subtypes of serotonin1 receptors in rat brain. AB - In vitro light microscopic receptor autoradiography was carried out to localize two subtypes of 5-HT1 receptors in certain regions of the rat central nervous system (CNS). The data were analyzed by computerized digital image processing to reveal subfields of high receptor densities within the septal area, the prefrontal and frontal cortex, and the hippocampus. The septum and hippocampus showed interesting localization of serotonin binding which can be subtyped into 5 HT1-A and 5-HT1-B sites. The differential localization of these sites may be helpful in shedding some light as to the functional significance of multiple serotonin receptors. PMID- 6661626 TI - Opponent-color responses in macaque extrageniculate visual pathways: the lateral pulvinar. AB - Single unit recordings made from the lateral pulvinar of macaque monkeys revealed the presence of some neurons with color-opponent properties. These findings represent the first report of color-opponent neurons in a subcortical component of the extrageniculate visual pathway. PMID- 6661627 TI - Immediate effects of digit amputation on SI cortex in the raccoon: unmasking of inhibitory fields. AB - Immediately after removal of one digit, inhibitory receptive fields were revealed in the affected part of somatosensory cortex. These were usually seen as 'off' responses if only a short, tapping stimulus is used. Over the course of several weeks, these inhibitory responses disappear and are replaced by excitatory responses. These changes are seen with both alpha-chloralose and barbiturate anesthesia. PMID- 6661628 TI - Fastigial unit activity during voluntary movement in primates. AB - To examine the proposition that fastigial n. of cerebellum provides a fast feedback pathway to suprasegmental structures for spinal information regarding movement. Macaca irus were trained to make flexion and/or extension voluntary wrist movements. Fastigial neuron activity was then correlated with force, velocity, handle position and with shoulder or forearm muscle activity. From 200 units (75% participating), our data establish that fastigial neurons are uniformly recruited after movement onset, processing force-velocity information. Units were found specifically correlated with force or velocity alone. Fastigial activity is strategically placed to provide a 'correction' signal path for motor performance. PMID- 6661629 TI - Descending control of reflex pathways in the production of voluntary isolated movements in man. AB - Transmission in Ib inhibitory spinal pathways from a contracting muscle was studied during a selective voluntary contraction in man. Whereas Ib inhibition to those motoneurons (MNs) responsible for the contraction was depressed, Ib inhibition to those synergistic MNs not directly involved in the contraction was increased. This differential control, supraspinal in origin, helps limit activation to the former MNs and could be important in ensuring the selectivity of skilled movements. PMID- 6661631 TI - Sites of action potential generation in cultured vertebrate neurons. AB - The somata of mouse tissue cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion cells and spinal cord neurons and the dendrites of spinal cord neurons do not actively generate action potentials. PMID- 6661630 TI - Reflex responses of human thigh muscles to non-noxious sural stimulation during stepping. AB - An investigation of reflex responses of leg muscles to sural stimulation during stepping was performed on human subjects. Non-noxious electrical stimulation applied during the swing phase or the latter half of the stance phase produced a mixed increase and decrease of EMG activity in the hamstring muscles. No response or very weak response was observed when the same stimulus was applied during either quiet standing or various levels of constant voluntary effort at varying hip and knee joint angles. PMID- 6661633 TI - Naloxone inhibition of the carotid sinus nerve reflex in the nucleus of the solitary tract of the cat. AB - By applying the specific opiate antagonist naloxone to the lateral portion of the nucleus tractus solitarii of the cat, we not only rapidly inhibited the evoked field potentials elicited by stimulation of the ipsilateral carotid sinus nerve (CSN), but also blocked hypotension and bradycardia induced by CSN stimulation. These findings suggest that some opiates may be neurotransmitters of the primary myelinated fibers of the CSN which mediate hypotension and bradycardia. PMID- 6661632 TI - Demyelinating and myelination-inhibiting factors induced by chloroform-methanol insoluble proteins of myelin. AB - A host of proteins was seen when the chloroform-methanol insoluble protein (CMIP) fraction of bovine brain myelin was transferred from polyacrylamide gels to cellulose nitrate sheets. Inoculation of rabbits with the CMIP fraction generated a number of antibodies which were demonstrated by the immunoblot technique. These antisera against CMIP contained antibodies which induced demyelination and inhibited myelin formation in central nervous system cultures. The demyelinating factor was specific for centrally myelinated fibers, and did not demyelinate peripherally myelinated axons. PMID- 6661634 TI - Suboptimal dietary zinc intake increases aluminum accumulation into the rat brain. AB - The aluminum concentration in the frontal cortex and hippocampus increased when rats were fed semi-synthetic diets containing suboptimal levels of zinc and elevated levels (1000 parts per million, ppm) of aluminum. PMID- 6661635 TI - Cholinergic receptors on cultured neurones from the central nervous system of embryonic cockroaches. AB - Cultured neurones from the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, have been used to investigate putative acetylcholine receptors. Ligand-binding experiments revealed that these neurones possessed an alpha-bungarotoxin binding site that was saturable, had an apparent affinity constant of 3.51 nM and was predominantly nicotinic in nature. An individual culture of 50,000 neurones had a maximum of 4200 pmol. binding sites per gram of protein. [I125]alpha-BTX autoradiography showed the binding sites to be distributed over both the neuronal cell bodies and their associated axonal processes. Both acetylcholine and nicotine applied by pressure ejection to the neuronal soma induced depolarizing responses and in the majority of cells tested the response was blocked by alpha-BTX at a concentration of 25 nM in a time dependent manner. Some of the neurones, however, were depolarized by acetylcholine and nicotine after 3 h incubation in alpha-BTX. These experiments suggest that two populations of cells possessing extrajunctional nicotinic receptors were present in these cultures. In the majority of cells these receptors were sensitive to alpha-BTX but in a subpopulation the receptors were unaffected by this toxin. PMID- 6661636 TI - Schwann cell basal lamina and nerve regeneration. AB - Nerve segments approximately 7 mm long were excised from the predegenerated sciatic nerves of mice, and treated 5 times by repetitive freezing and thawing to kill the Schwann cells. Such treated nerve segments were grafted into the original places so as to be in contact with the proximal stumps. The animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after the grafting. The grafts were examined by electron microscopy in the middle part of the graft, i.e. 3-4 mm distal to the proximal end and/or near the proximal and distal ends of the graft. In other instances, the predegenerated nerve segments were minced with a razor blade after repetitive freezing and thawing. Such minced nerves were placed in contact with the proximal stumps of the same nerves. The animals were sacrificed 10 days after the grafting. Within 1-2 days after grafting, the dead Schwann cells had disintegrated into fragments. They were then gradually phagocytosed by macrophages. The basal laminae of Schwann cells, which were not attacked by macrophages, remained as empty tubes (basal lamina scaffolds). In the grafts we examined, no Schwann cells survived the freezing and thawing process. The regenerating axons always grew out through such basal lamina scaffolds, being in contact with the inner surface of the basal lamina (i.e. the side originally facing the Schwann cell plasma membrane). No axons were found outside of the scaffolds. One to two days after grafting, the regenerating axons were not associated with Schwann cells, but after 5-7 days they were accompanied by Schwann cells which were presumed to be migrating along axons from the proximal stumps. Ten days after grafting, proliferating Schwann cells observed in the middle part of the grafts had begun to sort out axons. In the grafts of minced nerves, the fragmented basal laminae of the Schwann cells re-arranged themselves into thicker strands or small aggregations of basal laminae. The regenerating axons, without exception, attached to one side of such modified basal laminae. Collagen fibrils were in contact with the other side, indicating that these modified basal laminae had the same polarity in terms of cell attachment as seen in the ordinary basal laminae of the scaffolds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6661637 TI - Age related sprouting of dorsal root axons after sensory denervation. AB - To test for sprouting of dorsal root axons, 3 consecutive dorsal roots were sectioned above and 3 were sectioned below a spared root in rats 1 month and 24 months old. At various survival times, myelinated and unmyelinated axons were counted in the spared root, the first cranial root and the first caudal root, and these counts were compared to similar counts from the same roots on the unoperated side. The counts of myelinated axons in all roots and of unmyelinated axons in the caudal roots were not different from the counts in the same roots on the unoperated side. Thus there is no evidence for sprouting of these axons in our system. By contrast, the unmyelinated axons in the cranial and spared roots were significantly increased as compared to the unmyelinated axons in the same roots on the unoperated side. We interpret this increase to be sprouting of dorsal root axons. To determine the effects of age, animals operated at 1 month and sacrificed 1 month, 3 months or 18 months later were compared with animals operated at 2 years and sacrificed 1 month later. The unmyelinated axons were greater by approximately 20% on the operated side in the cranial and spared roots in the young rats and by approximately 8% in old rats. Thus the sprouting of unmyelinated axons is more vigorous when the surgery is performed in young animals, but there still seems to be a response in older animals. PMID- 6661638 TI - Daily rhythms of serotonin metabolism in the medial hypothalamus of the chicken: effects of pinealectomy and exogenous melatonin. AB - Indoleamine levels in punches of the medial hypothalamus containing the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of 4-week-old cockerels were determined by HPLC-EC. Melatonin levels in punches were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Daily rhythms of serotonin (5-HT) and of its metabolite 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were observed; levels were higher at midnight than at midday. A daily rhythm with the same phase in punch melatonin content was also observed. Pinealectomy at 1 week after hatching abolished the 5-HIAA and melatonin rhythm in 4-week-old birds but did not abolish the 5-HT rhythm. Injections of melatonin (0.5 mg/kg) increased 5-HT, 5-HIAA and melatonin levels in the hypothalamic punches. These results indicate that circulating melatonin of pineal origin may act to increase 5-HT turnover and/or release in the SCN. They suggest a link between the circadian secretion of pineal melatonin and the regulation of 5-HT projections to the hypothalamus from the raphe nuclei in the brainstem of the chicken. We have previously shown that the rhythmic secretion of melatonin by the pineal is influenced by oscillators in the brain via the superior cervical ganglia. The results reported here indicate that melatonin in turn may regulate brain oscillators, suggesting a neuroendocrine loop within the avian circadian system. PMID- 6661640 TI - Cholinergic modulation of the functional organization of the cat visual cortex. AB - The cortex receives a cholinergic input which is considered to be involved in mediating the effects of arousal. The experiments reported here have examined the nature of the cholinergic influence on the neuronal organization of the cat visual cortex. Out of 83 cells studied, 92% exhibited a modification in their visual response properties during the iontophoretic application of ACh. These comprised 61% in which responses were facilitated and 31% in which responses were depressed. The facilitatory effects were associated with a striking increase in stimulus specific responses without any concomitant loss in the selectivity. This comment applied equally to orientation and direction selectivity. It is argued that the facilitatory action of ACh on stimulus specific responses is consistent with a modulation of potassium conductance and most probably the conductance associated with a voltage dependent channel. We found no evidence to support the view that the facilitatory action involved disinhibition; the action of bicuculline, which blocks inhibitory influences in the visual cortex, was quite distinct to that of ACh. The facilitatory and depressive effects of ACh did not show any correlation with the simple-complex classification of cells or any other obvious parameter of receptive field organization, but there was a correlation with cortical lamination. Cells facilitated by ACh were found in all cortical laminae, but those depressed by ACh were found in laminae III and IV. PMID- 6661641 TI - Evidence for high affinity choline transport in synaptosomes prepared from hippocampus and neocortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease. AB - Sodium-dependent, hemicholinium-sensitive choline transport was measured in purified synaptosomes prepared from fresh necropsy brain of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and from control subjects. Choline transport velocity was standardized in terms of the occluded lactate dehydrogenase activity of the various synaptosomal preparations, rather than in terms of the protein content, since this enzyme is more representative of the synaptosome content of the purified homogenates. A regional difference in high-affinity choline transport was observed in purified synaptosomes prepared from brains of mentally normal controls; the velocities of sodium-dependent and hemicholinium-sensitive choline uptake into synaptosomes from hippocampus were about twice as great as that into synaptosomes from frontal cortex, indicating a greater relative density of cholinergic innervation in the hippocampus. Hippocampal and neocortical cholinergic nerve cell endings, prepared as synaptosomes, from brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, also accumulated choline by a high-affinity mechanism; however, the velocity of uptake into both brain areas was decreased in comparison with controls. Choline transport into synaptosomes from Alzheimer frontal cortex was reduced approximately 50%, while uptake into Alzheimer hippocampal synaptosomes represented only 20% of the control activity. The reduction in synaptosomal high-affinity choline transport in Alzheimer's disease could be indicative of degeneration of cholinergic nerve terminal boutons resulting from cholinergic nerve cell death, or could result from an overall decrease in the number of carrier sites per nerve terminal or in the carrier transport velocity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661639 TI - The role of 5-HT, GABA and opioid peptides in presynaptic inhibition of tooth pulp input from the medial brainstem. AB - In decerebrate or chloralose-anaesthetized cats electrical stimulation in the spinal trigeminal nucleus evoked antidromic responses in the mandibular canine tooth pulp. Conditioning stimulation in nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and in the adjacent contralateral medullary reticular formation, nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (NRGC) and nucleus reticularis magnocellularis (NRMC), produced a decrease in the threshold for the antidromic responses in a proportion of the tooth pulp inputs. This was interpreted as being due to depolarization of the tooth pulp afferent terminals, reflecting presynaptic inhibition. The primary afferent depolarization (PAD) of tooth pulp afferent terminals by NRM stimulation could be selectively blocked by bicuculline applied intravenously or by iontophoresis in the terminal region. Intravenous naloxone, cinanserin and methysergide had no effect on the PAD evoked from NRM, NRGC or NRMC. Thus NRM appears to exert presynaptic inhibitory control of A delta tooth pulp input to the spinal trigeminal nucleus via GABA-containing neurones. PMID- 6661642 TI - Specific binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to synaptic membranes in rat sympathetic ganglion: computer best-fit analysis of electron microscope radioautographs. AB - In the rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion (SCG), alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha BT) demonstrates binding that is saturable and inhibited by nicotinic ligands. However, alpha BT does not inhibit the physiological response of ganglionic neurons to preganglionic stimulation or to exogenously applied acetylcholine. Thus the specificity of alpha BT for ganglionic nicotinic cholinergic receptors has been questioned. The present study provides a morphological localization of the binding sites of 125I-labelled alpha BT in the rat SCG using the method of Blackett and Parry on electron microscopic radioautographs. The distribution of grains resulting from specific binding was calculated by subtracting the nonspecific distribution (alpha BT in the presence of D-tubocurarine, a known nicotinic ligand) from the total grain distribution (alpha BT alone). A hypothetical grain distribution was obtained based on the geometrical properties of the tissue sections. A computer minimizing routine was employed to adjust the relative weights of each of the potential sources of hypothetical grains until a 'best-fit' with the real grain distributions occurred. The nonspecific binding of alpha BT was uniform across all tissue components, with the exception of a significant concentration on the membrane of the ganglion cell body. By contrast, the specific binding of alpha BT was highly localized to synaptic membranes, and to a lesser extent, to dendritic membranes. PMID- 6661643 TI - Corticosterone receptors decline in a site-specific manner in the aged rat brain. AB - Putative glucocorticoid receptors were measured in the brain and pituitary glands of young and aged rats in vivo and in vitro. Adrenalectomized rats were injected with a set dose of radiolabeled corticosterone plus unlabeled corticosterone; 2 h later [3H]corticosterone levels were measured in purified nuclear pellets from pituitary and 5 brain regions. Substantial decreases were seen in aged subjects in the maximal number of corticosterone binding sites in hippocampus and amygdala; all other regions showed no age-related changes. In contrast, there were no declines in the nuclear uptake of [3H]dexamethasone (DEX) in the aged rat brains. Since DEX interacts selectively with non-neuronal receptors in vivo, the deficit in glucocorticoid binding is selective for neurons. Subsequent studies assessing glucocorticoid receptor levels in cytosol preparations in vitro revealed significant declines in hippocampus and amygdala quantitatively comparable to the decline observed in nuclear binding in these loci. This suggests that the primary deficit leading to nuclear depletion may be the reduction of cytosolic receptor number, rather than other possible factors such as the reduction in receptor affinity or translocation of steroid-receptor complex. This decline may play a role in a number of limbic functions which are influenced by glucocorticoids and show deficits with age. PMID- 6661644 TI - Lectin receptors in the cockroach neuromuscular system. I. Distribution among the set of coxal depressor muscles. AB - Fluorescent derivatives of plant lectins have been used to determine if there are biochemical differences among the cell surfaces of 6 muscles in the leg of the cockroach innervated in a fixed pattern by two identified motor neurons, Df or Ds. Histochemical analysis of the binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates of the lectins to frozen sections of muscles has demonstrated that the surfaces of muscles innervated by motor neuron Ds have more alpha-N acetylgalactosamine and/or D-galactose than do those of muscles innervated by motor neuron Df. Biochemical analysis of the glycoprotein lectin receptors by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has shown that approximately 10% of them are distributed among the various muscles in a manner that correlates with innervation by Df or Ds. Some of these macromolecules may be responsible for the biochemical differences in the muscle cell surfaces that could be specifically recognized by motor neurons. This intercellular recognition could mediate the reformation of the original innervation pattern during axonal regeneration. PMID- 6661645 TI - Lectin receptors in the cockroach neuromuscular system. II. Effects of denervation on muscle lectin receptors. AB - The binding of fluorescent derivatives of plant lectins to the 6 coxal depressor muscles in the leg of the cockroach was examined at 1, 2, 3 and 5 weeks after denervation. Histochemical analysis of the binding of the lectins to frozen sections of the muscles demonstrated that all detectable binding was to the surfaces of the muscle fibers. In addition, within one week of denervation those muscles which in the innervated state have different amounts of D-galactose and/or alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine on their surfaces, now all have identical amounts of these carbohydrates. Biochemical analysis of concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin glycoprotein receptors by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that approximately 17% of all the receptors detected altered their relative levels in denervated muscles. These changes were observed in those receptors that were present in equal amounts in each of the muscles as well as in those receptors that were distributed among the 6 muscles in a manner that correlated with innervation by an identified motor neuron. However, in spite of these changes that reduced the biochemical differences in the denervated CDMs it was still possible to distinguish among the 6 muscles by the nature of the Con A and WGA glycoprotein receptors. Denervated muscles still present biochemically different cell surfaces to regenerating motor neurons. PMID- 6661646 TI - Lectin receptors in the cockroach neuromuscular system. III. Distribution and identification within the thoracic ganglia of the nervous system. AB - A fluorescence microscopic study of the binding of an array of 10 fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated lectins to frozen sections of the cockroach thoracic ganglia was performed. Although a region of the neuropile receiving direct input from sensory neurons was observed to have distinctive lectin binding properties, no difference was detected between the lectin binding properties of Df and Ds, the two identified motor neurons that innervate the coxal depressor muscles in the leg. In addition, the three types of neurons identified in the ganglia, excitatory motor neurons, inhibitory motor neurons and dorsal unpaired median cells all had identical lectin binding properties. Therefore, in order to demonstrate the existence of macromolecules responsible for giving a biochemical identity to the various neurons it will be necessary to perform biochemical analyses of single cells or apply immunological techniques. A biochemical analysis of the ganglionic Con A and WGA receptors detected after fractionation by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of some receptors not found in extracts of muscles and which may be specific for ganglia. In addition, a set of ganglionic lectin receptors were detected which were of similar solubility and lectin binding properties to a set of receptors found in muscle extracts and which disappeared from the muscles within one week of their denervation. It is suggested that such lectin receptors are found in all motor neurons and are transported to axon terminals within the muscles. PMID- 6661647 TI - Rete mirabile of goat: in vitro effects of adrenergic stimulation. AB - The carotid rete of the goat, a network of small arteries, is placed in the pathway of the main arteries which supply the brain. This structure lies within the cavernous sinus on each side of the pituitary. The presence of a carotid rete in many mammals has led to frequent speculations about its physiological function. The present study was designed to examine comparatively the responsiveness of goat retial and cerebral arteries to direct or indirect adrenergic stimulation. The contractile response of isolated retial arteries (150 500 micron in external diameter) to norepinephrine (10(-8) - 10(-4)M), field electrical stimulation (2-16 c/s), and tyramine (10(-6) - 10(-3) M) was negligible. In contrast, cerebral arteries of 300-500 micron in external diameter exhibited dose- or frequency-dependent contractions qualitatively similar to those previously described in larger cerebral arteries. The norepinephrine content in the walls of retial arteries was about 13% of that measured in cerebral arteries. These results suggest that the role of the carotid rete in the regulation of resistance to blood flow during adrenergic stimulation is negligible or nonexistent. PMID- 6661648 TI - Retrograde neuronal labeling of cells of origin of descending brainstem pathways in rat using SITS as a retrograde tracer. AB - Recently, the retrograde tracer SITS has been introduced, a cytoplasmic label, which seems to be taken up by terminals only. In order to test the transport of SITS from terminals of brainstem pathways to he spinal cord SITS was injected in different rats at different spinal levels. It could be concluded that SITS is taken up primarily from axon terminals. PMID- 6661650 TI - A topographic quantitative method for measuring brain tissue pH under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. AB - A technique was developed for the quantitative regional assessment of brain pH by a modification of the umbelliferone method. Twenty micron thick sections were brought into contact with umbelliferone-soaked paper strips and the fluorescence (450 nm) following excitation at 370 nm and 340 nm was recorded photographically. The 340 nm excitation image was subtracted from 370 nm picture, using a computerized image-processing system. Regional pH values were measured in rats and cats under normal and ischemic conditions. PMID- 6661649 TI - Improved resolution of the 2-deoxy-D-glucose technique. AB - It was attempted to improve the resolution of the 2-deoxyglucose method. Two principle changes in the procedure were introduced: the gluing of the sections on to the object slide at--20 degrees C and the application of the emulsion with the loop technique. With this approach autoradiographs with grain accumulations over single cell bodies could be observed in many brain regions in addition to a diffuse activity over neuropil. PMID- 6661651 TI - Post-translational modification of tubulin in cultured neurons. AB - Isoelectricfocusing x SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cultured sympathetic neurons revealed two alpha- and two beta-subunits of tubulin. In pulse-chase experiments, the spot morphology of the beta-subunits synthesized during a 10 min pulse did not change appreciably during the chase period. However, the appearance of the labeled alpha-subunits changed during the chase period. With chase periods of less than 4 h, the labeled alpha-subunits focused as discrete spots, while after chase periods of greater than 6 h, they focused as short streaks. PMID- 6661652 TI - Preferential loss of unmyelinated L7 dorsal root axons following sciatic nerve resection in kittens. AB - Some time following sciatic nerve resection in kittens the number of L7 spinal ganglion neurons appears to have decreased more than the number of L7 dorsal root axons, and the proportion of unmyelinated axons is unchanged. The present results show that removal of the sciatic neuroma results in a clearly subnormal proportion of unmyelinated axon profiles. This indicates that recurrent sprouts from the neuroma had entered the dorsal root and that spinal ganglion neurons with unmyelinated axons are preferentially lost after axotomy in kittens. PMID- 6661653 TI - Retrograde changes in cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain of the rat following cortical damage. AB - The effects of unilateral cortical damage on immunohistochemically identified cholinergic neurons of the basal nucleus have been examined in the rat. In the first 2 weeks after operation, the cells were swollen and their nuclei became eccentric, these changes being closely similar to those seen in the cholinergic oculomotor nuclei of the same animals following removal of the extraocular muscles. During the third week these acute changes were replaced by shrinkage of the cholinergic cell bodies and their dendrites. At longer survival times the appearance of the neurons did not alter, and all the cholinergic cells persisted in their shrunken form after 120 days, the longest survival time examined. PMID- 6661654 TI - Estrogen agonistic and antagonistic action of 8 non-steroidal antiestrogens on progestin receptor induction in rat pituitary gland and uterus. AB - All 8 non-steroidal antiestrogens tested considerably increased progestin receptor concentration in the uterus and, to a lesser extent, in the pituitary of ovariectomized rats. However, the pituitary was more sensitive than the uterus to the estrogen antagonistic action of these compounds, in that monohydroxytamoxifen, LY 117,018, enclomiphene, nitromifen, nafoxidine and trans tamoxifen completely blocked progestin receptor induction by estradiol benzoate. In these tissues the order of the in vitro binding affinity of antiestrogens to cytoplasmic estrogen receptors was not correlated with either their in vivo estrogen agonistic or antagonistic potency. PMID- 6661655 TI - Somatotopy of climbing fiber branching to the cerebellar cortex in cat. AB - The study was aimed at determining the distribution and incidence of the inferior olive axonal branching as related to the somatotopic organization of the climbing fiber system in cat. Multiple fluorescent tracing was used. In a first set of experiments, spectrally different fluorescent tracers were injected into somatotopically defined areas of the anterior lobe-pars intermedia and of the paramedian lobule. Retrogradely labeled cells were found to be localized in well segregated face-forelimb or hindlimb olivary domains, within the various subdivisions. A large and consistent number of the olive cells were found to send axonal branches to face-forelimb or hindlimb regions of the anterior lobe-pars intermedia and of the paramedian lobule. It was also found that inferior olive branching is restricted to somatotopically corresponding areas of the two lobes. In a second set of experiments the same technique was used to check whether the inferior olive neurons which project to the forelimb areas of the anterior lobe pars intermedia and the paramedian lobule also send collaterals to the face forelimb areas of crus II (medial crus II). The data show that different sets of neurons projecting either to the face-forelimb areas of crus II and anterior lobe pars intermedia or of crus II and paramedian lobule coexist within the face forelimb related olivary domains with the set of neurons projecting to the face forelimb areas of the anterior lobe-pars intermedia and paramedian lobule. Neurons branching to the 3 cerebellar regions were observed only occasionally. Therefore, at least for the face-forelimb-related cerebellar areas, the climbing fiber branching can be said to originate in sets of inferior olive neurons that connect different pairs of somatotopically homologous cerebellar cortical areas. The branching pattern is present in all the cortical zones studied, namely C1-C3, C2, D1 and D2, and appears to be a general feature of the olivocerebellar system. PMID- 6661656 TI - Non-random distribution of blood vessels in the posterior region of the rat somatosensory cortex. AB - The quantitative distribution of blood vessels in the barrel region of somatosensory cortex of the rat was studied to determine the relationship of the vascular pattern to a functionally specialized cortical structure. Blood vessels were found to arborize in layers III and IV and to decrease in number toward layers I and VI, creating a spindle-shaped pattern through the cortex. The density of blood vessels was greater in the barrel core versus septal regions of layer IV. The distribution pattern of blood vessels within the barrel region was remarkably non-random and constant even between animals. The pattern was consistent enough to form a reliable set of landmarks with which to identify a specific barrel from light- to electron-microscopy transition. PMID- 6661657 TI - Distribution of catecholamine-containing cell bodies and blood vessels in the rat nucleus tractus solitarius. AB - Glyoxylic acid-induced monoamine fluorescence (GIF) was used to map the distribution of catecholamine-containing cell bodies and terminals in the rat nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and dorsal medulla. In addition, the relative vascularity of the NTS was quantified by examination of tissue perfused with Pontamine sky blue. The GIF-reactive cell bodies within the NTS complex were caudal to the rostral pole of the area postrema and are therefore considered to be the A2 cell body group as defined by Dahlstrom and Fuxe. The A2 cell body group was composed of 900 (890 +/- 43, n = 3) small to medium sized neurons (15 25 micron diameter) located on the dorsal and lateral edges of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. GIF terminal density was found to be most dense in the medial portion of the NTS as compared to the lateral or midline portions of the NTS, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, or hypoglossal nucleus. Quantitative blood vessel analysis revealed that the NTS is significantly less vascularized than the surrounding nucleus gracilius, central gray, or dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. A full serial section analysis of NTS, stained either for GIF cell bodies, terminals or blood vessels, has been obtained; this detailed presentation of catecholamine-containing profiles and blood vessels in the dorsal medulla may facilitate future studies aimed at examining central control of autonomic function. PMID- 6661658 TI - Unit responses changing with behavioral outcome in the olfactory bulb of unrestrained rats. AB - The unit activity of 16 neurons, including 12 likely mitral cells, was recorded in one olfactory bulb of 5 unrestrained rats, together with contralateral multiunit activity, and respiratory rhythm. The hungry animals were stimulated either by food odor (F) learned as a signal for one available food pellet, or by isoamyl acetate (IA), presented randomly. Eighty-four sequences, each with one stimulation, were analyzed to determine how the odors modified unit, multiunit and respiratory activities. The stimulation could change the variance and/or mean of the unit discharge and its correlation with the respiration phase or frequency or with multiunit activity. Besides the IA sequences, F+, F= and F-situations had to be distinguished, when the pellet was eaten spontaneously, accepted if presented at mouth or refused actively. The neuron responses were reproducible, in a given situation, but their occurrence within a series of identical stimuli was unpredictable from the controlled or observed events. The positive mitral responses were more probable in the F+ and F= than in the F-sequences; they were then associated with multiunit and respiratory activation. Response criteria and neuron typology are discussed. The functional involvements of neuron variability and modulation with internal state are considered. PMID- 6661659 TI - Comparative investigations of glutaminase development in cerebral cortex of chick embryo and in primary cultures of neurons and glial cells. AB - Glutaminase activity was determined in pure cultures of neurons, glial cells and in mixed cultures obtained from chick embryo brain. The development of this enzyme was observed periodically over time and compared to its evolution in corresponding cerebral hemispheres during embryonic and postnatal development. The specific activity of brain glutaminase increased between the twelfth and sixteenth day of embryogenesis. A similar increase was observed in cultures of neuroblasts during the corresponding period of time, although the activity in culture was about one-third lower than in vivo. In contrast to neurons, there was no significant increase of glutaminase activity in glial cells before the fifteenth day of culture. The enzyme level in glial cells between the thirteenth and fifteenth days of culture was approximately 25% of that in 7- and 8-day-old neurons. The different development of glutaminase activity in neurons and glial cells was demonstrated in both pure and mixed cultures. The results support the hypothesis that there is a glutamine shunt from glial cells to neurons. PMID- 6661660 TI - Developmental changes in taste responses from glossopharyngeal nerve in sheep and comparisons with chorda tympani responses. AB - To learn whether there are developmental changes in salt and acid taste responses from the posterior tongue, we recorded from the glossopharyngeal nerve, which innervates taste buds in circumvallate papillae, in sheep fetuses, lambs and adults. Multifiber responses to NH4Cl, KCl, NaCl, LiCl, citric and hydrochloric acids were expressed as ratios, relative to responses for two standard chemicals, NH4Cl and KCl. Response ratios for NaCl and LiCl, relative to either standard, increased during development, but the magnitude of the change was small. KCl elicited very large magnitude responses, relative to NH4Cl, in the youngest fetuses, and then decreased by 50% in stimulating effectiveness. Relative responses to both acids also decreased developmentally. The general shapes of KCl response-concentration functions did not change throughout development; however, in the youngest fetuses, the NH4Cl responses-concentration function was not similar to that in older animals. These developmental changes are different than those for responses from anterior tongue taste buds recorded from the chorda tympani nerve. Anterior tongue responses to NaCl and LiCl change most substantially and those to KCl change very little; acid responses do not change. The developmental differences for anterior versus posterior tongue responses suggest that membrane composition and maturational changes of taste buds in the two locations are not the same. Response-concentration functions from both tongue areas support the proposition that specific membrane components interacting with various salts are added during development. PMID- 6661661 TI - Rat cerebellar afferents after unilateral pedunculotomy. A retrograde fluorescent double-labelling study. AB - Cerebellar afferents from the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) and inferior olive (IO) were investigated using retrograde fluorescent labelling in rats subjected to a unilateral inferior cerebellar pedunculotomy at 6-8 days of age. The remaining (ipsilateral) IO of the operated group was essentially the same as in control animals but the remaining (contralateral) LRN in the operated group had a greater percentage of neurones with collaterals to both sides of the cerebellum. PMID- 6661662 TI - Autoradiographic analysis of regional brain glucose utilization in chronically monitored unanesthetized fetal sheep. AB - This communication describes the successful qualitative differential labeling, utilizing 2-[14C]deoxyglucose, of brain structures in a healthy, non-breathing chronic fetal sheep preparation in late gestation. This preliminary result suggests that during quiet sleep (non-breathing state) the fetal sheep may be processing a variety of sensory input from the auditory, vestibular, and olfactory systems at a thalamic, limbic system level. PMID- 6661663 TI - Effect of sodium fluorescein on neurite outgrowth from the retinal explant culture: an in vitro model for retinal toxicity. AB - Effect of sodium fluorescein was examined on neurite outgrowth from the retinal explants of chick embryos cultured with chicken gizzard extract, containing macromolecules which promote neurite outgrowth. A dose more than 0.5 mg/ml of fluorescein completely prevented the neurite outgrowth from the retinal explants. The minimum dose of toxic effect of fluorescein on the neurite outgrowth was about 0.2 mg/ml. The fluorescein also caused lysis of pre-existing neurites which had been fully extended by gizzard extract. PMID- 6661664 TI - Perinatal development of hypothalamic and cortical estrogen receptors in mouse brain: methodological aspects. AB - Binding of the estrogen, [3H]moxestrol, to fetal and neonatal mouse brain cytosol receptors was examined to determine the ontogeny of estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex from embryonic (E) day 15 to postnatal (P) day 18. Cytosol receptor assays were performed under exchange conditions at 25 degrees C for 4 h in order to measure receptors which had become occupied by estradiol during tissue homogenization. Scatchard analysis revealed high affinity (Kd = 0.4 nM) sites and was in good agreement with single point assays at 1 nM, which measured 70% of binding capacity. Binding was initially examined in the whole forebrain. Total binding of [3H]moxestrol in the forebrain increases between E15 and E18 and reaches adult levels at P9. The increase in binding relative to protein content peaks at P9 and then decreases, whereas the amount of binding relative to DNA content reaches a maximum between P12 and P15. The developmental time-course of the estrogen receptors was studied in the hypothalamus and 3 cortical regions. In the hypothalamus binding of [3H]moxestrol increases from P5 to P18 of the cortical areas. The cingulate cortex shows the highest amount of binding, increasing until P9 and then declining. In the other two cortical areas studied, the lateral and posterior cortex, binding expressed per mg DNA, is somewhat higher between P7 and P15 than in adults. When the binding is expressed per mg protein there is a sharp decline after P7, the magnitude of which is probably a result of a large increase in protein content relative to amount of receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661665 TI - Postnatal changes in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in the rat nervous system with special reference to the glutamate transmitter metabolism. AB - The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GIDH), the major glutamate metabolizing enzymes, were studied in hippocampal formation, cerebellar cortex, dorsal root ganglia, superior cervical ganglia and liver as a function of postnatal development. At birth, in all these nervous tissues the enzyme activities were quite low and showed similar levels (AAT 7-15 U/g wet weight; 0.18-0.23 U/mg protein; GIDH 3.4-13 U/g wet weight; 0.07-0.18 U/mg protein). Based on protein, AAT activity increased during the postnatal period studied 5.8 and 3.8 times in the hippocampal formation and cerebellar cortex, respectively, while the respective GIDH rise was 5.2 and 2.3 times. During postnatal maturation, enzyme activities in dorsal root ganglia showed only minor changes. In superior cervical ganglia, AAT and GIDH were remarkably constant. In liver the enzyme activities changed during postnatal development, but the activity curve profile was quite distinct from those obtained for brain regions. The steep rise of AAT and GIDH activities in brain regions is discussed as being a consequence of the maturation of preferably glutamatergic structures. Glutamatergic transmission processes obviously do not take place in superior cervical ganglia and dorsal root ganglia, and certainly not in liver. The present results suggest a quantitatively significant participation of glutamate transmitter metabolism in proportion to the whole glutamate metabolism of the CNS. PMID- 6661666 TI - Perinatal development of estrogen receptors in mouse brain assessed by radioautography, nuclear isolation and receptor assay. AB - The development of estrogen receptors was investigated in vivo in the brains of fetal and neonatal mice 2 h after administering [3H]moxestrol to the pregnant mothers or neonates. Moxestrol bypasses the alpha-fetoprotein 'protective barrier' and gains access to estrogen receptors. Analysis of [3H]moxestrol uptake by radioautography and by cell nuclear isolation and counting of radioactivity revealed a marked increase in the number of estrogen receptors and estrophilic cells in the brain during late fetal and early postnatal development. Assays of cytosol estrogen receptors were conducted in parallel and revealed a comparable pattern of development. The increase in estrogen receptors and labeling was especially great from embryonic day (E) 15 to E18. Cytosol assays revealed a low level of receptors in the whole brain on E13. Radioautography revealed that clearly labeled cells in the hypothalamus and preoptic area were virtually absent on E13 but were evident on E15, with marked increases occurring between E15 and E18, both in number of labeled cells and in intensity of labeling per cell. Within the cerebral cortex the dorsal cingulate cortex was the most extensively labeled area; however, clearcut labeling was not evident on E13 or E15. Thus, the development of cortical estrogen receptors occurs somewhat later than that in the hypothalamus and preoptic area. The perinatal increase in estrogen receptors usually begins several days after the birthdates of neurons in these estrophilic regions of the brain, and corresponds to the early responsiveness of these neurons to the organizational and activational influences of estrogen. PMID- 6661667 TI - The development of catecholaminergic nerves in the spinal cord of rat. II. Regional development. AB - The development of noradrenergic and dopaminergic nerves in 5 regions of the developing spinal cord of rat, from fetal day (FD) 16, to the young adult stage was studied. The normal synthetic capacity of adrenergic nerves in the ventral horn of the cervical and lumbar regions developed at the same time, and at the same rate, despite their spatial separation, and before similar development of the noradrenergic nerves in the dorsal horn and zona intermedia. In the ventral horn, the synthesis of NE from injected L-DOPA, as well as the release and metabolism of NE are well-established at 12 h (ND 0.5) after birth. In the dorsal horn these developments occur later at ND 4. Except in the dorsal horn of the cervical region, there was no easily observable, consistent pattern in the development of regional spinal dopaminergic innervation. The capacity of the developing cord to synthesize dopamine (DA) from injected DOPA is significantly developed at FD 16 (the earliest time studied), and peaked in all regions as early as ND 4. Control experiments indicate that 100%, and only 10% respectively of NE and DA synthetized from injected DOPA, occurred in descending monoaminergic fibers. Norepinephrine is synthesized exclusively in noradrenergic nerves. Cells appear transiently in the developing cord at FD 18, that are capable of synthesizing catecholamines (probably mainly DA) from injected DOPA. During postnatal development of the cord, and to a less extent in the adult, the network of catecholaminergic nerves actually present, is more extensive than that normally revealed during routine fluorescence microscopy. The results are discussed in the context of current attempts to understand the functional importance of catecholaminergic nerves in the mammalian spinal cord, and elsewhere in the CNS. PMID- 6661668 TI - A pallidostriatal projection in the cat and monkey. AB - Using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase-labeled wheat germ agglutinin, a direct projection from the globus pallidus to the caudate nucleus and putamen was shown in the cat. The retrograde transport of the fluorescent dye Granular blue was used in a squirrel monkey to demonstrate a similar projection from the external pallidal segment to the putamen. No cell-labeling occurs in the cat's entopeduncular nucleus or the monkey's internal pallidal segment. In the cat, the pallidostriatal neurons are found in all parts of the globus pallidus and project throughout the striatum. However, the pallidostriatal projection is topographically organized such that it reciprocates the topography of the striatopallidal projection. PMID- 6661669 TI - Inhibition of sexual receptivity after intracranial cycloheximide infusions in female hamsters. AB - Female hamsters were ovariectomized and one week later stereotaxically infused with 20 micrograms cycloheximide (20 micrograms/microliter, 0.6 microliter/min) or 1 microliter saline bilaterally into one of several brain sites. Thirty min after the infusion, the animals were injected with 5 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB) then 44 hr later with 500 micrograms progesterone and tested with a male for receptivity at hour 48. One week later the animals were retested with EB and progesterone but without any intracranial infusion to investigate the possibility of permanent lesion effects. The greatest inhibition of receptivity occurred in females which received cycloheximide in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) or lateral to the VMH. Saline infusions into the VMH had no inhibitory effects. Inhibition was rarely seen after infusion into the preoptic area, anterior hypothalamus, dorsomedial hypothalamus, cortico-medial amygdala, or septal area. Moderate inhibition was found after infusion of cycloheximide into the third ventricle. The inhibition following cycloheximide infusion was not permanent or irreversible. On the retest one week later the animals were sexually receptive. These results suggest that protein synthesis within the VMH is an essential part of the initial action of estrogen for the induction of sexual receptivity in hamsters. PMID- 6661670 TI - Somatic and central nervous system growth in artificially reared rat pups. AB - Rearing preweanling rat pups away from their mothers by feeding through chronic intragastric cannulas has been shown to result in alterations in the growth of specific organs. In the present study, artificially reared (AR) rats and their normally reared (NR) siblings were sacrificed at various ages during this procedure to determine the time course of these alterations. Brain growth deficits were detected within 24 hours, peaked after 8 days of artificial rearing and showed some recovery by the end of the study. By day 18, the livers, kidneys and spleens of the AR pups were significantly larger than those of their NR siblings. The spleens showed an initial decrease in weight compared to the spleens of the NR pups. However, by day 18, the spleens of the AR group were significantly larger than those of the NR group. PMID- 6661671 TI - Morphology of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) of the sheep. AB - Examination of the ventricular surface of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) of sheep with the scanning electron microscope revealed an elongated protuberance occupying most of the frontal wall of the third ventricle below the level of the anterior commissure. This protuberance lacked ciliated ependymal cells. Examination of horizontal sections with the transmission electron microscope revealed an apparent lack of regularly apposed ependymal cells, suggesting that ependyma is either greatly modified or absent. The surface was composed of numerous intertwining cell processes with some scattered cells situated on this surface. The body of this structure was composed of many cell processes separated by a network of extracellular channels sometimes extending to the ventricular surface. Towards the base of this protuberance, a plexus of blood vessels was observed. Some of these vessels exhibited fenestrated endothelium. Neuronal processes were also apparent in this region. These unusual anatomical features suggest a specific function for this brain region in sheep. PMID- 6661672 TI - Construction of an apparatus to aid in the technique of in ovo avian microinjection. AB - This report deals with the construction and use of an apparatus which makes in ovo microinjection of avian embryos a precise and repeatable technique. PMID- 6661673 TI - [Point and interval estimation of spectrophotometrically determined serum levels of indocyanine green using orthogonal regression]. PMID- 6661674 TI - [Using methods of statistical dynamics in the evaluation of simultaneously recorded EEG signals]. PMID- 6661675 TI - [Mechanical properties of biological membranes]. PMID- 6661676 TI - [Comparison of the effects of single-dose and continuous irradiation on changes in histones and DNA in the rat thymus]. PMID- 6661677 TI - [Ultrasound as an echinocytogenic factor]. PMID- 6661678 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance--a new tomographic imaging method]. PMID- 6661679 TI - [Thermometry in hyperthermia]. PMID- 6661680 TI - [A multifrequency radiometer for medical use]. PMID- 6661681 TI - Human female bladder and its noncholinergic contractile function. AB - The response of human female detrusor muscle to field stimulation at varying voltages, durations, and frequencies was studied in vitro. In addition, the effects of adrenergic and cholinergic agonists and antagonists, and various nerve toxins were studied. Beta-adrenergic receptors were found in detrusor muscle but no significant adrenergic innervation was seen; no alpha-adrenergic receptors were seen. Atropine, scorpion venom, tetrodotoxin, beta bungarotoxin and hemicholinium were found to inhibit bladder contraction at short-pulse durations and low frequencies by approximately 50%. Black widow spider venom was seen to abolish bladder contractions entirely. It is concluded that acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter responsible for approximately 50% of bladder contraction. The remaining 50% would seem to be noncholinergic and not dependent on fast sodium channels for transmission of excitation, but would seem to be due to a structure with a short-membrane time constant, such as nerve, and is sensitive to black widow spider venom. PMID- 6661682 TI - Structural bases for neural and myogenic control of human detrusor muscle. AB - The ultrastructure of normal and neurotoxin-treated human detrusor muscle was studied to define the bases for myogenic and neurogenic control and to determine the extent and selectivity of effects of the toxins. No gap junctions were observed in the 30 strips studied but there were other cell-to-cell junctions which may allow cell-to-cell coupling. Nerve varicosities in the muscle bundles were present in high frequency (9 to 15 profiles per 100 muscle cell profiles); they sometimes formed close contacts with muscle and most were bare or partly bare of glial covering. They were often present as single axons or in bundles of only a few nerves. No myelinated nerves or nerve cell bodies were seen in or near muscle bundles. This muscle seemed to be designed primarily for neural control of contractile function with single nerves innervating discrete muscle regions. Most of the nerve varicosities contained a large majority of small agranular vesicles along with some large granular vesicles, but about 20% contained a few small granular vesicles as well. The proportion of the small granular vesicles was not increased but the percentage of varicosities containing them increased slightly after treatment with 5- or 6-hydroxydopamine. Scorpion venom seriously damaged 80% of nerve varicosities, sparing no particular class, but spared axons from structural damage. Beta-bungarotoxin had similar effects. 4-Aminopyridine did not induce gap junction formation but had neurotoxic effects. These data suggest that scorpion venom is a useful tool to eliminate selectively physiological functions dependent on synaptic vesicles, that all nerve types contain scorpion venom binding Na channels and that the persistent atropine- and tetrodotoxin insensitive responses of this muscle involve mechanisms independent of synaptic vesicles observable by electron microscopy. The common occurrence of multilamellar membranous structures in bladder muscle cells was reported and their origin suggested. PMID- 6661683 TI - Changes in left ventricular dimensions and performance resulting from acute and chronic volume overload in the conscious dog. AB - A previously described animal model with an aorta to left atrium shunt has been modified to assess changes in left ventricular dimensions and performance resulting from volume overload of the left ventricle and to determine if any of these changes can predict outcome. In eight surviving dogs, end-diastolic and end systolic diameters and estimated stroke volume increased rapidly in a curvilinear fashion over approximately 60 days with no significant changes thereafter. Mean normalized circumferential fibre shortening velocity was slightly less than and fractional shortening was similar to the controls; the changes in both indices were parallel to those in the controls. In five dogs that died 5-18 days postoperatively in congestive heart failure, none of the measurements obtained could be used to predict the outcome; the changes in the left ventricular diameters were similar to those in the survivors and systolic function was either normal or enhanced. PMID- 6661684 TI - Vagal control of migrating motor complex-related peaks in canine plasma motilin, pancreatic polypeptide, and gastrin. AB - The role of the vagus nerve in the control of fasting plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP), gastrin, and motilin levels was investigated in conscious dogs. Lowest plasma levels of motilin (81 +/- 8 pmol/L), PP (19 +/- 1 pmol/L) and gastrin (5 +/- 1 pmol/L) were observed during phase I of the migrating motor complex (MMC). Significant peaks in plasma motilin (127 +/- 11 pmol/L, P less than 0.005), PP (26 +/- 2 pmol/L, P less than 0.005), and gastrin (14 +/- 2 pmol/L, P less than 0.005) were seen, coinciding with the appearance of phase II (PP and gastrin) or phase III (motilin) of the migrating motor complex in the upper gut. Whereas bilateral vagal blockade abolished the peaks in PP and gastrin, a significant (P less than 0.025) increment in plasma motilin remained, which correlated with the late phase III equivalent of the vagally independent complex (VIC) in the duodenum. This VIC-related motilin peak (170 +/- 20 pmol/L) was significantly higher (P less than 0.025) and the time course (9 +/- 2 min) significantly shorter (P less than 0.01) than the peak (127 +/- 11 pmol/L) and duration (31 +/- 9 min) observed without vagal blockade. Thus, in fasting, the cyclical increments of PP and gastrin are both dependent on excitatory vagal innervation, whereas excitatory pathways controlling phase III associated peak motilin release are nonvagal. In addition, the pattern of fasting motilin release and the amplitude of peak motilin secretion may be affected by vagal inhibition. PMID- 6661685 TI - Studies of wet-dog shake behavior induced by septohippocampal stimulation in the rat. AB - Stimulation of the septum and the hippocampus were found to elicit a great number of "wet-dog" shakes (WDS). Their occurrence is strongly related to the evocation and to the time course of the afterdischarges elicited by the stimulation. Morphine, apomorphine, diazepam, and antiserotoninergic drugs greatly reduce the incidence of these WDS but do not alter the afterdischarge duration. Based on electroencephalographic and pharmacological data we propose that WDS induced by stimulation of the septohippocampal system may share some common mechanisms with many other models inducing WDS and offer a useful method to study further the neuroanatomical substrate of this behavior. PMID- 6661686 TI - Inhibitory effects of ketamine on the isolated uteri of the rat: evidence for the mechanism of action. AB - The inhibitory effect of ketamine on the agonist-induced contraction of isolated rat uteri was compared with that of papaverine and verapamil. Under similar experimental conditions papaverine and verapamil were found to be more potent than ketamine. When preparations were preincubated for 20 min with either ketamine (3 X 10(-5) to 10(-3) M) or papaverine (10(-6) to 10(-5) M), a noncompetitive antagonism was observed against oxytocin with pD'2 values of 3.67 +/- 0.07 and 5.13 +/- 0.10, respectively. A noncompetitive form of antagonism was also observed by papaverine against BaCl2 with pD'2 values of 4.59 +/- 0.15, while ketamine produced competitive antagonism with a pA2 value of 4.68 +/- 0.12. It was also demonstrated that all three inhibitory drugs interfere competitively with Ca2+ on the rat uteri. However, ketamine was shown to be less potent than verapamil and papaverine in antagonizing the effects owing to an increased Ca2+ concentration in the medium. These results are consistent with previous publications that ketamine has a papaverinelike effect on the rat uteri and suggest that the relaxation promoted in this preparation is due, at least in part, to blockade of the Ca2+ translocation processes. PMID- 6661687 TI - Calcium overload and strophanthidin-induced mechanical toxicity in cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - In cardiac Purkinje fibers, strophanthidin increases and then decreases contractile force. The relationship between the decrease in force and calcium overload was studied by recording the electrical and mechanical activity under conditions known to increase calcium overload or its effects. Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation reduced the positive inotropy of strophanthidin and enhanced the decrease in force. These inhibitors also reduced the inotropic effect of high calcium. Increasing intracellular calcium by decreasing extracellular sodium concentration also resulted in a decrease in the strophanthidin inotropy. When arrhythmia was delayed, strophanthidin induced contracture and this was favored by blockers of glycolysis and by enhancing cellular calcium. Some of these effects were also observed in ventricular muscle fibers but at higher strophanthidin concentrations. The results suggest that the decline in contractile force during strophanthidin exposure is related to calcium overload, although it is made clear that in Purkinje fibers contractile force and resting force may be independently affected under suitable conditions. PMID- 6661688 TI - Responses to ligation of a coronary artery in conscious rats and the actions of antiarrhythmics. AB - A method for ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in conscious rats and measuring the resultant cardiovascular responses, arrhythmias, cardiac tissue loss, electrocardiogram (ECG), and mortality is described. Analyses of such responses identified statistically acceptable measures for which precision and interrelationships were defined. Responses to ligation were a variable function of the amount of ligated myocardial tissue. For example, arrhythmia score was a linear function of the square root of the occluded zone size. To test the ability of the model to detect beneficial drugs, verapamil, lidocaine, disopyramide, and quinidine were given. Low doses of verapamil (0.2 mg/kg i.v. + 0.3 mg X kg-1 X h-1), and of disopyramide (10 mg/kg) had few antiarrhythmic, or other actions, whereas high doses of verapamil (20 mg/kg) and disopyramide (40 mg/kg i.v. repeated) were markedly antiarrhythmic as measured by all indices. Quinidine (20 mg/kg i.v. repeated) was also antiarrhythmic but less so than high dose disopyramide and verapamil. Lidocaine (10 mg/kg i.v. + 5 mg X kg-1 X h-1) reduced the incidence of ventricular flutter and fibrillation. High-dose verapamil and quinidine, but not disopyramide, increased the number of nonarrhythmic deaths and the incidence of atrioventricular conduction defects. PMID- 6661689 TI - Heart rate as a determinant of the decay rate of the cardiac inotropic response to sympathetic nervous activity. AB - The cardiac responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation were measured in a series of open-chest, anesthetized dogs. In half the animals, the hearts were in a sinus rhythm; in the remaining animals, the hearts were in an atrioventricular (AV) junctional rhythm. Cocaine markedly prolonged the decay times of the chronotropic responses after cessation of sympathetic stimulation, regardless of the type of rhythm. The decay times of the inotropic responses were only slightly prolonged by cocaine in animals with a sinus rhythm, but the prolongations were pronounced in animals with an AV junctional rhythm. The lower basal heart rate appeared to be more responsible for the greater decay times of the inotropic responses in the animals with an AV junctional rhythm than in those with a sinus rhythm. In a second series of dogs, complete heart block was produced, cocaine was given, AND the hearts were paced at four different frequencies. The mean decay time of the inotropic response to sympathetic stimulation varied inversely AND substantially with the pacing frequency. The change in contraction frequency probably affects the rate of neurotransmitter dissipation from the ventricular myocardium, by altering either the coronary blood flow or the massaging action of the cardiac contractions. PMID- 6661690 TI - Effect of thyroid hormone treatment on responses of the isolated working rat heart. AB - Hearts from rats pretreated either with L-triiodothyronine (T3) or with L thyroxine (T4) exhibited changed function curve characteristics on the working heart apparatus compared with hearts from vehicle-treated rats. There was no supersensitivity of the hyperthyroid myocardium to the inotropic effect of isoproterenol as estimated by pD2 values. There were significant increases in +dP/dt and -dP/dt in hyperthyroid working hearts over the entire range of the function curve. T3 hearts showed much shorter relaxation times and total contraction times throughout the function curve. T4 hearts showed significantly reduced relaxation times and total contraction times as compared with control at all left atrial filling pressures under 15 cm of water. At high filling pressures T4 heart relaxation times and total contraction times were not different from control, but were however, significantly increased from those of T3 hearts. Area under the left ventricular pressure curve was unchanged by thyroid hormone pretreatment. Heart weight increased about 15% following either T3 or T4 treatment while the increases in (+) or (-) dP/dt and the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) were about 20-30%. The increase in cardiac mass certainly played a role in the increased cardiac function. Potency of isoproterenol in hyperthyroid working heart preparations was unchanged from control. The pD2 values, as determined from +dP/dt data, were 8.8 +/- 0.15 for T3 treated hearts, 8.25 +/- 0.40 for T4-treated hearts, and 8.18 +/- 0.12 for euthyroid hearts. While the mechanism(s) for the altered performance of the hyperthyroid working heart are not absolutely known, possible biochemical and physiological changes which may be implicated are discussed. PMID- 6661691 TI - Distribution of radioactive silver in the subcellular fractions of various tissues of the rat and its binding to low molecular weight proteins. AB - In view of the electron microscopic evidence that silver does not penetrate cellular barriers, the distribution of radioactive silver in rat blood and subcellular fractions of liver, kidneys, spleen, and forebrain was studied. It was found that 24 h after a single intraperitoneal injection high levels of radioactivity were reached which decreased at different rates in the various tissues studied. In plasma, liver, and kidneys there was an initial rapid loss of radioactivity which was followed by a slower rate of loss. In the blood, forebrain, and spleen the loss of radioactivity was linear and somewhat slower than in the other three tissues. The cytosols of the liver and kidneys contained 60% while those of the forebrain and spleen contained 30% of the total radioactivity found in the tissue homogenates. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 showed that all cytosols contained two peaks of radioactivity; a high molecular weight peak which eluted just after the void volume and a low molecular weight peak. The amount of radioactivity in both peaks was, however, much lower in the chromatographic peaks of the forebrain and spleen than that found in those of the liver and kidneys. Furthermore, the spleen had a comparatively very small low molecular weight radioactive peak. In vitro experiments with liver cytosol showed similar results to those found in vivo in that the high molecular weight radioactive peak could be removed by heat. It is concluded that silver does enter cells and that silver thionein exists in the cytosols of forebrain, spleen, kidney, and liver. PMID- 6661692 TI - Renal blood flow in normal dogs and in dogs with experimental liver cirrhosis following the acute continuous infusion of endotoxin. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if the renal circulation of normal and cirrhotic dogs behave similarly in response to an acute endotoxin infusion. Endotoxin was administered as a slow continuous infusion (13-26 micrograms/min) to a total of 20 normal dogs through the femoral vein, portal vein, or into the left renal artery. In each case, there was an initial increment in renal blood flow, of the order of 46%, while arterial blood pressure was actually declining. After 8-20 min, blood flow fell as perfusion pressure declined further. The initial increment in renal perfusion was not due to a hyperthermic response following the endotoxin. When similar doses were given to five dogs with chronic biliary cirrhosis and ascites, the biphasic response in renal perfusion was not observed, rather blood flow declined as perfusion pressure declined. When normal dogs were infused with bilirubin, bile salts, noradrenaline, and angiotensin in pressor doses, the subsequent infusion of endotoxin still produced the usual biphasic response in renal perfusion. Chronic elevation of portal pressure (but not acute elevation), volume contraction by diuresis or hemorrhage, and the infusion of bile intravenously, all abolished the biphasic response in renal perfusion and reproduced in normal dogs the response to endotoxin observed in cirrhotic dogs. Investigation of the factors causing the initial decrease in intrarenal vascular resistance in normal dogs following the endotoxin infusion implicated a role for histamine, kinins, and prostaglandins. We conclude there is a fundamental difference in the response of the renal circulation of normal and cirrhotic dogs to an endotoxin infusion, which may depend on failure of this latter group to release one or more humoral agents. This difference may be due to elevated portal pressure, a decreased effective arterial blood volume, or the products of bile having access to the circulation in cirrhotic dogs. PMID- 6661693 TI - High-dose ascorbic acid decreases detoxification of cyanide derived from amygdalin (laetrile): studies in guinea pigs. AB - Cysteine, a sulphur-containing amino acid, is required to metabolize ascorbic acid (as ascorbate sulphate) and detoxify cyanide (to thiocyanate). In guinea pigs, conjoint use of laetrile (a cyanogenic glycoside) and ascorbic acid (in large doses) decreases the detoxification of cyanide derived from laetrile through diminishing the availability of cysteine, but not impairing hepatic rhodanese activity, which is involved in the detoxification of cyanide to thiocyanate. These results agree with the symptoms of a sublethal dose of KCN toxicity manifested by the animals. The studies, therefore, indicate that individuals taking megadoses of ascorbic acid concurrently with laetrile may be subject to self-poisoning. PMID- 6661695 TI - [Morphological aspect and chemical composition of Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyceae) growing in natural nutritive media with the aid of a culture system of dialysing fibers]. AB - The growth of Skeletonema costatum, under natural nutriment conditions, was studied using a bulk culture fiber dialyzing apparatus. The diatom displayed normal development of chain length (average cell number per chain) which coincided with the culture growth stages; that is, the cell number per colony increased during the active division period and decreased thereafter with the beginning of the prestationary phase. This morphological behaviour showed that the alga cells were not affected by such physical shocks as collision or tension occurring during repeated cell transfers from growth chambers to the dialyzing apparatus or at the time of their passage through the fiber fascicles. Measured at different growth stages, the cell contents in carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll confirmed the above results and showed for S. costatum a biological productivity comparable with that obtained in smaller dialyzing containers (dialyzing bags). Through a comparison between the dialyzing culture and a static culture grown in an enriched medium, certain characteristics were determined. PMID- 6661694 TI - Cardiovascular effects of cadmium on intravenous and intracerebroventricular administration in rats. AB - Cardiovascular responses to the intravenous (i.v.) and the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of cadmium acetate were evaluated in rats anaesthetized with urethane. Cadmium acetate (1 mg/kg i.v.) caused an initial fall followed by a persistent rise in blood pressure. Cadmium acetate (1 microgram i.c.v.) produced a more marked hypertensive effect. In the spinal transected rat, the effect of intravenous cadmium was reduced but the effect of intraventricularly administered cadmium was completely abolished. It is, therefore, suggested that both central and peripheral mechanisms are involved in the pressor response to cadmium exposure. PMID- 6661696 TI - Metabolism of cinnamic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids by Streptomyces setonii. AB - Streptomyces setonii strain 75Vi2 was grown at 45 degrees C in liquid media containing yeast extract and trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, or vanillin. Gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and mass spectrometry showed that cinnamic acid was catabolized via benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and catechol; p-coumaric acid was catabolized via p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p hydroxybenzoic acid, and protocatechuic acid; ferulic acid was catabolized via vanillin, vanillic acid, and protocatechuic acid. When vanillin was used as the initial growth substrate, it was catabolized via vanillic acid, guaiacol, and catechol. The inducible ring-cleavage dioxygenases catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase were detected with an oxygen electrode in cell free extracts of cultures grown in media with aromatic growth substrates and yeast extract. PMID- 6661697 TI - [Estimation of the spectrum of the aerial dispersion of Bacillus thuringiensis]. AB - The present paper estimates the number of viable spores of Bacillus thuringiensis per droplet and reveals the importance of this data to improve B. thuringiensis treatments. For a given diameter, droplets from Futura formula contained two times more spores than droplets from the formulas used to date. It is preferable to have B. thuringiensis droplets larger than those of chemical insecticides. A Grumman AgCat aircraft calibrated to give the desired larger droplets resulted in successful B. thuringiensis treatments. PMID- 6661698 TI - Acid and alkaline phosphatases of Capnocytophaga species. I. Production and cytological localization of the enzymes. AB - The two hydrolytic enzymes, acid (AcP; EC 3.1.3.2) and alkaline (AlP; EC 3.1.3.1) phosphatase, of the three types species of Capnocytophaga were examined. Both enzymes were produced constitutively, with their activity highest in C. ochracea strain 25. These two degradative enzymes (approximately 10% of the total activity) were released into the growth medium during the latter stages of growth, both as soluble and membrane-bound enzymes. When grown in the presence of high concentrations of organic phosphates, the synthesis and expression of AcP and AlP was unaltered. Cyto- and immuno-chemical localization situated the phosphatases in the periplasmic space, at the cell surface, and in membranous vesicles. PMID- 6661699 TI - Acid and alkaline phosphatases of Capnocytophaga species. II. Isolation, purification, and characterization of the enzymes from Capnocytophaga ochracea. AB - Capnocytophaga ochracea acid (AcP; EC 3.1.3.2) and alkaline (AlP; EC 3.1.3.1) phosphatase was isolated by Ribi cell disruption and purified by sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE.) Both phosphatases eluted from Sephadex G-150 consistent with molecular weights (migration) of 140 000 and 110 000. SDS-PAGE demonstrated a 72 000 and 55 000 subunit molecular migration for AcP and AlP, respectively. The kinetics of activity of purified AcP and AlP on p-nitrophenol phosphate and phosphoseryl residues of the phosphoproteins are presented. PMID- 6661700 TI - Acid and alkaline phosphatases of Capnocytophaga species. III. The relationship of the enzymes to the cell wall. AB - Acid (AcP) and alkaline phosphatase (AlP) were localized by physicobiochemical techniques. Greater than 53% of the phosphatases were detected, following sonication, in a low speed centrifugation pellet while osmotically shocked and spheroplasted Capnocytophaga species released only 9-28% and 11-43% of the cellular phosphatases, respectively. French pressure cell disruption was more effective in releasing the phosphatases. Cell fragments were separated into cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, and soluble fractions as determined by marker enzyme, chemical composition, transmission electron microscopy, sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) protein analysis, and gel diffusion. AcP and AlP was partitioned between the isolated cell wall (31-46%) and soluble material (33-61%), with greater than 60% of the phosphatases remaining with the cell wall following Triton X-100 treatment. The amount of phosphatase at the surface of intact C. ochracea was quantitated by specific 125I protein labelling. PMID- 6661701 TI - The timing of ribonucleic acid synthesis during the germination of heat-activated Dictyostelium discoideum spores. AB - To observe changes in the rate of RNA synthesis during Dictyostelium discoideum spore germination, we have pulse labeled germinating spores with [3H]uracil at stage-specific intervals. The labeled RNAs have been fractionated on 1.7 and 10% polyacrylamide gels. Additionally we have monitored the total changes in ribonucleic acid content during germination. In general, the rate of synthesis of various RNA species appears to increase noncoordinately, while the total RNA content remains unchanged during germination. This may indicate extensive RNA turnover during germination. Little or no RNA synthesis is observed during the first pulse period (postactivation lag). During the 1-2-h pulse period, 25, 17, 5.8, and 5 S RNA were all synthesized. The synthesis of these species increased with each pulse period, with the greatest amount of synthesis occurring during the final 3-4-h pulse. The synthesis of 4 S RNA initiated during the 2-3-h pulse and increased during the final 3-4-h pulse. The percentage of poly(A) + RNA increased with each time period from 0.1% of the total labeled RNA at the 0-1-h pulse period to 10% of the total RNA synthesized at the 2-3-h pulse time. During the final pulse period (3-4 h), this level dropped to 6%. Analysis of acid soluble extracts from dormant spores revealed relatively high levels of the four ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates. These levels remained unchanged during the 1st h of germination. Thus RNA synthesis during the postactivation lag stage of germination does not appear to be limited by precursor availability and may involve other regulatory mechanisms. PMID- 6661702 TI - Stabilizing effect of acetate salts and HCO-3 in digestors receiving high levels of glucose. AB - Anaerobic digestors were fed daily with dairy cattle manure (5% total solids) augmented with 0-20 mM glucose and were monitored daily for gas volume and composition and volatile acid content. Propionate accumulated in digestors that were fed glucose at initial digestor concentrations of 10 mM or more. Digestors that received 14-20 mM glucose failed, but identical digestors that received 20 mM glucose plus 10 mM acetate or HCO-3 did not fail. The sparing effect of HCO-3 was primarily buffering and the similar behavior of digestors that received acetate suggest that acetate metabolism perhaps provided additional HCO-3 for buffering. Analyses of H2 and volatile acid concentrations during a 6-8-h period following feeding in digestors fed glucose or glucose plus acetate showed that propionate and H2 accumulated simultaneously and that H2 concentrations were 3 microM or less. Monitoring 13C-labeled glucose metabolism via 13C nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that glucose was primarily converted to lactate and that the major product from lactate was propionate in both glucose and glucose plus acetate fermentations. PMID- 6661703 TI - Cell division in Deinococcus radiodurans and a method for displaying septa. AB - The study of sections, freeze-cleaved, and whole-cell preparations of Deinococcus radiodurans supported the contention that septa close assymmetrically and originate from discrete opposing locations on the cell surface. Tetrads and the larger associations (sheets) of cells in some strains were formed by alternate and synchronized divisions in two planes. The polarity initiating the second division in cells of the Sark strain, in particular, was often expressed in slower growing cells before completion of the first division so that the advancing margins of the first septum were diverted towards the nearest new pole; the resulting gap was closed later on, and consequently, the cell compartments of this coccus were in communication for some time after two rounds of nuclear segregation. Freeze cleaving showed that the initial generation of septa involved a short sulcus in the plasma membrane and not a circumferential infolding. The shape and form of the developing septum was inferred from sections but was displayed in whole-cell preparations by a technique which selectively and positively stained a septal component. Positive staining of the septum with uranyl salts was appreciable when the relative stainability of the peripheral wall (mainly peptidoglycan) was reduced by pretreatment with salts of low atomic weight metals (0.01-1.0%, w/v) such as cobalt, copper, iron, or zinc. Examination of these whole-cell preparations by stereoscopy showed that the septal diaphragm closes as a slit or long oval, and the advancing margin shows curvature towards the next axis of division. The mechanism and exact site of this positive staining was not elucidated; vancomycin blocking of the uncross-linked peptides of peptidoglycan was almost as effective as the transition metal salts as a foretreatment for staining septa. PMID- 6661704 TI - Effects of NaCl on the uptake of alpha-[14C]aminoisobutyric acid by the halotolerant bacterium Halomonas elongata. AB - The alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) transport system of the halotolerant bacterium, Halomonas elongata, was examined. Cells were grown in L-alanine defined medium with 0.05, 0.375, 1.37, 2.5, or 3.4 M NaCl. Each group of cells was resuspended in buffered salts with different NaCl concentrations (0.05, 0.375, 1.37, 2.5, and 3.4 M) and the uptake of alpha-[14C]AIB was measured. Optimum AIB uptake occurred in the 0.375 M NaCl solution for the lower salt grown cells and the 1.37 M NaCl solution for the higher salt grown cells. When cells were grown in the higher salt media and suspended in hypoosmotic solutions, appreciable AIB uptake occurred; but for cells grown in lower salt media and suspended in hyperosmotic solutions, the uptake was dramatically reduced. This effect was mainly attributed to cell plasmolysis which in turn resulted in some cell death. The AIB uptake was Na+ specific and this analogue was not metabolized after being transported into the cells. An amino acid competition study gave a pattern similar to that of a marine bacterium. PMID- 6661705 TI - A lipopolysaccharide-specific bacteriophage for Aeromonas salmonicida. AB - Cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was identified as the receptor for the Aeromonas salmonicida bacteriophage strain 55R-1. Mutants of A. salmonicida resistant to phage 55R-1 were unable to adsorb phage 55R-1 and were shown to be defective in LPS structure. Purified A. salmonicida LPS inactivated phage 55R-1, but the O-polysaccharide and the core oligosaccharide portions of the LPS were ineffective. These results suggest that lipid A was required for receptor activity. Antibodies directed against LPS also inhibited phage adsorption. PMID- 6661706 TI - The occurrence of killer characters in yeasts. AB - Strains of the genera Saccharomyces, Saccharomycodes, Schizosaccharomyces, Hanseniaspora, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Kloeckera, and Torulopsis were examined for killer, sensitive, neutral, and killer-sensitive characteristics against a killer strain (NCYC738) and a sensitive strain (NYCC1006) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thirty-one Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains out of 782 screened were able to kill the sensitive test strain; 707 appeared to be sensitive and 44 neutral. A high frequency of killer phenotypes (71.4%) was found in Hansenula anomala var. anomala strains. No killer strains were present in the remaining 17 species considered. PMID- 6661707 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test. PMID- 6661708 TI - Academic lecture. A new perspective on the political and psychological nature of borders and sovereignty. PMID- 6661709 TI - Cortisol secretion and DST in affective disorders--methodological concerns. AB - In the wake of a large number of studies seeking biological markers for a variety of psychiatric disorders including affective disorders, the enthusiasm over Cortisol Secretion and Dexamethasone Suppression test lead the authors to review critically the data collected so far. The research designs involved, the samples studied and the reliability of the data collected along major variables such as diagnostic criteria, sampling characteristics, procedural differences, length of follow-up and the role of environmental stressors were evaluated. A useful exercise was to compare the literature published in the 50's and 60's with the more recent publications. The potential usefulness of DST as a diagnostic and management tool remains open for scrutiny. Whether the abnormalities in cortisol levels and DST responses evidenced by many researchers are an epiphenomenon or have a diagnostic and management value still remains unclear. From their analysis, the authors point out the lack of well controlled sequential studies using standardized procedures, and large age specific samples. Difficulty arising from the use of various terminologies and criteria for diagnosis of depressive disorders is recognized. The limitations of the use of DST in general clinical practice along with directions for future research are outlined. PMID- 6661710 TI - Social support and post hospital outcome for depressed women. AB - In a larger follow-up study of discharged patients, a subgroup of 87 women with non-psychotic disorders had an unexpectedly poor outcome at six months with regard to readmissions, symptoms and social adjustment. The only factor which distinguished those who had been readmitted was lack of social support. Lack of social support was also related to poor symptom and social adjustment outcomes. There were considerable difficulties with social functioning independent of high symptoms. The adequacy of aftercare services is questioned in the light of these findings. PMID- 6661712 TI - Chronic psychiatric patients in the community. AB - A feasibility study is presented which describes a cohort of 102 chronic psychiatric patients. The cases were selected on the criterion of four or more new admissions to psychiatric services in the Hamilton-Wentworth region during the year 1977. The group was predominately in the age 20-39 year range and both sexes were represented about equally. The diagnostic labels were personality disorder, schizophrenia, depression and alcoholism in descending order of frequency. The large majority were socially isolated and had contact with social agencies and the police. Seven deaths occurred in the cohort during the year of study. PMID- 6661711 TI - Classification and associations of hyprochondriasis in patients from a psychiatric hospital. AB - This study investigated the application of two commonly used classification systems for hypochondriacal patients from a psychiatric hospital as well as other aspects of their condition. Twenty patients with marked hypochondriacal features were examined. One satisfied criteria of the diagnosis of primary hypochondriasis and nine more had secondary diagnoses of hypochondriasis or somatization disorder. It is suggested that a secondary diagnosis of hypochondriasis would be useful for those patients with marked hypochondriacal features who have other psychiatric disorders and are at present excluded from the diagnosis of hypochondriasis in these classification systems. PMID- 6661713 TI - The joint mature women's clinic or menopause revisited. AB - It appears that menopause might be characterized by a major feature--change. Research is ongoing in biological, social and psychological areas and hopefully will aid us in achieving a more precise understanding of the characteristics of this subgroup of women at risk for psychiatric morbidity around the time of the menopause. Until the groups surveyed are more stringently defined and we achieve this understanding, it seems reasonable to approach such patients and their experience by individualizing their assessment and management. PMID- 6661714 TI - And they lived happily ever after: marriage concepts of older adolescents. AB - Children of divorced parents are themselves more likely to divorce. The transmission hypothesis has been variously explained by the role model learning, high risk mate selection, increased individual psychopathology and more recently by the explanation of the family's positive sanction of divorce. Conversely, studies without matched controls of adolescents' reaction to parents' separation and their own future marriage indicate that these adolescents are wary of marriage, planning to delay marriage until their late 20's or 30's and highly concerned with partner choice. A study of 18 and 19 year old college students (N = 140) was undertaken to see if the attitudes expressed by those from divorced families are unique to this group or representative of the attitude of the general teenage population towards marriage. The students completed the Tamashiro Marriage Concepts questionnaire and a demographic/social questionnaire. The majority, over 90%, scored on the first two stages of marriage concepts (magical or idealized conventional) consistent with previous findings for this age group. A sub sample of 17 adolescents with divorced parents was compared with 17 matched controls. No significant difference was found in marriage concepts, attitudes or social variables including predicted marital age, dating patterns and sexual experience. Thus older adolescents despite their previous experience tend to be less mature in cognitive style in their attitude to marriage than one would expect at this stage of ego development and, therefore, are at high risk for divorce with early marriage. Further, those adolescents whose background includes the experience of a parental separation and divorce show no difference in their attitude to marriage from their peers. PMID- 6661715 TI - Interpretive psychotherapy with chronic pain patients. AB - Patients for whom medical and surgical management has failed to relieve chronic pain were treated in a multimodal programme which included interpretive psychotherapy. Dynamic conflicts were identified in all cases and utilized in the psychotherapy and programme design. Examined in the light of ego functioning, pain that was previously considered intractible, yielded to psychological treatment. Further research is planned to identify the parts played by the different modalities and to study outcome. PMID- 6661716 TI - Familial fugue--a case report. AB - A case of fugue with a familial pattern is presented. A review of the pertinent literature has been made. A "learned" basis to the development of fugue in the case presented is considered. PMID- 6661717 TI - Psychoses with propranolol: a case report. AB - Functional and organic psychoses have been reported in association with propranolol therapy. The authors report a rare occurrence of both types of psychoses in the same individual at two different times during propranolol therapy. PMID- 6661718 TI - ECT as a form of restraint. AB - ECT is controversial as a form of therapy, with lay and psychiatric objectors. Restraint is also controversial, though often necessary. The Ontario Mental Health Act of 1978 allows the psychiatrist to restrain patients without consent if there is risk of physical danger. The act mentions "chemical and mechanical" means. ECT is not dealt with as a form of restraint. A case is described of a manic male who during 2 episodes of psychosis presented a serious threat of assault to staff. The next of kin was reluctant to sign consent for "treatment" because of fear of the patient's later resentment. An application to the Review Board for permission to treat would have taken a week. On both occasions attempts to control the patient with chemotherapy were totally unsuccessful despite the use of rapid neuroleptization, paraldehyde, barbiturates and mechanical restraints. In both admissions 4 ECT given over 2 days produced rapid behavioural control. ECT was then discontinued because the patient declined to give consent for ECT as treatment and he no longer presented a threat. Medical and legal consultation were necessary and the consensus was that ECT as restraint may be justified on the basis of clinical judgment. In such cases ECT is safer, more reliable and more humane than chemotherapy or mechanical restraints. The authors discuss the current public and professional antipathy towards ECT. There is risk of death for the patient in circumstances where legal barriers prevent the appropriate use of electro-shock and a U.S. case is mentioned.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661719 TI - In support of a focal theory of Capgras syndrome. PMID- 6661720 TI - Where did all the "no shows" go? PMID- 6661721 TI - Activity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in an in vitro mammalian gene mutation assay. AB - In the present study both 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and pure 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) gave positive responses in the P388 mouse lymphoma gene mutation assay in the absence of auxiliary metabolic activation. Both chemicals gave negative results when an activation system was included. Technical grade DNT (consisting of an 80:20 mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-DNT) and pure 2,6-DNT gave negative responses in the assay both in the presence and absence of auxiliary metabolism. These observations in mammalian cells support the bacterial mutagenesis data indicating the TNT is a potential rodent liver carcinogen and suggest that the activity of TNT should be investigated in vivo to assess whether its potential hepatocarcinogenicity is realised in rats. PMID- 6661722 TI - Cytotoxicity and absence of mutagenic activity of vomitoxin (4-deoxynivalenol) in a hepatocyte-mediated mutation assay with V79 Chinese hamster lung cells. AB - Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of vomitoxin (4-deoxynivalenol), a tricothecene mycotoxin produced on cereal grains by fungi of the genus Fusarium, were determined in vitro with Chinese hamster V79 cells. Cytotoxicity was shown by a reduction in colony size at 1 microgram/ml (ppm); by reduction in the number and size of colonies at 2-3 micrograms/ml or higher; and by lethality to 80-90% of the cells at 10 micrograms/ml. Up to 3 micrograms/ml, vomitoxin was non-mutagenic to V79 cells at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus, with or without hepatocyte-mediated activation; and did not significantly increase the number of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants at marginally cytotoxic levels of 6 and 8 micrograms/ml (data not shown). These findings, together with previous studies, suggest that vomitoxin, like other 12,13-epoxytricothecenes, may become cytotoxic through inhibition of protein and/or DNA synthesis, and is likely to be non-carcinogenic. PMID- 6661723 TI - Neoplastic transformation of BALB 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts by the beef extract mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-d] quinoline. AB - The BALB 3T3 clone A31-1-1 mouse embryo fibroblast cell line at passage 7-13 was used for studying neoplastic transformation with a mutagen isolated from beef extract and identified as 2-amino-3 methylimidazo [4,5-d] quinoline (IQ). IQ at a concentration of 1, 5 and 15 ng/ml induced transformed type III foci. No foci were detected in control plates treated with DMSO alone. At the highest concentration of IQ (30 ng/ml) no transformed type III foci were observed and plating efficiency was reduced. The results demonstrate a positive transforming capability of this compound on mammalian cells. PMID- 6661724 TI - Products of 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase in interferon treated Daudi cells. AB - Cell extracts from interferon treated Daudi cells contain 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase which upon incubation with ATP produce predominantly trimers. PMID- 6661725 TI - The effect on extrahepatic cancer of hepatic artery ligation: an experimental study in rats with liver tumors. AB - In three different tumor systems (sarcoma, hepatoma and adenocarcinoma) in rats, hepatic artery ligation (HAL) 10 days after tumor cell inoculation in the liver caused liver tumors which when measured 7 days later were statistically significantly smaller than those found in untreated control animals. The day before the experimental procedure the animals were challenged with tumor cell suspensions subcutaneously on the back. In the rats with the adenocarcinoma these subcutaneous tumors were larger in the HAL-group than in the control groups. The same results were obtained in the animals with the sarcoma. No such differences were observed in the rats with the hepatoma. To extrapolate these findings in a rat tumor system to the clinical situation in man should be done with extreme caution. There are subjective clinical impressions in man of a similar type, which may indicate common mechanisms. These findings could indicate that HAL should not be performed in patients with manifest extrahepatic tumor growth and only in controlled studies in patients with occult extrahepatic growth. PMID- 6661726 TI - Influence of cholera toxin on the growth and development of N-methyl-N nitrosourea-induced rat mammary carcinomas. AB - Daily injections of cholera toxin (2.0 micrograms/rat/day) for 4 weeks to female Sprague-Dawley rats did not significantly affect the growth of palpable N-methyl N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat mammary carcinomas. Percent increase in tumor volume was + 78.8% for control animals and +72.8% for cholera toxin treated animals. Daily treatment for 16 weeks of female Sprague-Dawley rats with cholera toxin (1.0 micrograms/rat/day), commencing 3 days after MNU treatment, resulted in a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in mean mammary carcinoma weight per rat at the termination of the study; mammary carcinoma incidence was not significantly affected by cholera toxin treatment. Retinyl acetate feeding (1.0 mM/kg diet) for 16 weeks significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced mammary carcinoma incidence and weight of mammary carcinoma per rat at the termination of study; feeding of retinyl acetate to cholera toxin treated rats blocked the stimulatory effect of cholera toxin on mammary carcinoma development. Thus, the reported striking inhibitory effect of cholera toxin on the growth of dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary carcinomas was not duplicated in our study, using the MNU-induced rat mammary carcinoma; indeed the toxin appeared to enhance the early developmental stage of this neoplastic process. PMID- 6661727 TI - In vitro neurotoxic assessment of antitumour drugs. AB - We have developed a rapid, specific, in vitro method for quantitatively assessing neurotoxicity of antitumour drugs and related compounds. Using cultures of foetal rat hypothalamic neurones and a staining procedure which specifically identifies neuronal cells, the neurotoxicity of 8 antitumour drugs has been evaluated. The order of neurotoxicity appears to correlate well with their known relative clinical toxicities. Neurotoxicity of the radiosensitizer misonidazole was also identified using this system. This method appears to provide a valuable preclinical screen for neurotoxicity which may be particularly useful in the development of new antitumour drug analogues and radiosensitizers. PMID- 6661729 TI - Naloxone reversal of 5-hydroxytryptamine tachyphylaxis in humans. AB - The dorsal hand vein, a suitable substrate for testing the effects of spasmogenic amines in vivo, exhibits a rapid tachyphylaxis to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced vasoconstriction in healthy subjects. In the tachyphylactic vein, naloxone promptly restores and sometimes potentiates the sensitivity to 5-HT. The local opioid system could be excited by the 5-HT-induced release of noradrenaline (NA) into the neuromuscular junction, thereby participating in the 5-HT tachyphylaxis. Naloxone, antagonizing this mechanism, restores the 5-HT spasm. Therefore, the 5-HT tachyphylaxis could be due to an increased opioid modulation and not (or perhaps partially) to a depletion of the NA in the sympathergic neuron. PMID- 6661728 TI - Neuropharmacological profile of Meige's disease: overview and a case report. AB - A patient with Meige's disease was given several pharmacological trials, including muscle relaxants, dopaminergic antagonists, monoamine depletors, anticholinergics, dopamine agonists, cholinergics, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, and lithium. Improvement of dystonic movements was best obtained by a combined treatment, haloperidol-benztropine. A review of the literature on Meige's disease is presented. The hypothesis of a simultaneous dopaminergic and cholinergic overactivity is discussed and the use of physostigmine for diagnostic purposes is suggested. PMID- 6661730 TI - Effect of cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs on short-term memory in Alzheimer's dementia: a neuropsychological and computerized electroencephalographic study. AB - A correlation was found among the degree of memory loss, intellectual impairment, the quantity of senile plaques, and a decrease in choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activity in patients affected by senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. In this study, patients were subjected to a series of computerized electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings and neuropsychological evaluations after acute administration of the following drugs: placebo; the cholinergic drugs physostigmine, pyridostigmine bromide, and edrophonium chloride; and the anticholinergic drugs scopolamine and orphenadrine. The results obtained show that the acute administration of some cholinergic drugs improved memory and attention performances, whereas the anticholinergic drugs induced opposite effects. The cholinergic drugs exhibited a tendency to shift the EEG spectrum analysis into more normal patterns compatible with the patient's age. This study supports the view that the cholinergic system plays an important role in memory and attention disturbances found in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. PMID- 6661731 TI - Practical considerations in planning and conducting clinical trials with investigational or marketed drugs. AB - A system is presented to increase efficiency in planning, initiating, conducting, and analyzing the results of a clinical trial. The procedures to be used are designed to assist clinical investigators of sponsored or unsponsored studies, as well as drug corporations and other sponsors of drug studies. The series of checklists and steps to follow may be easily modified for individual trials. The procedures and steps to be implemented are described in terms of the following nine categories: Interview and Selection of Investigator(s); Clinical Study Initiation: I. Internal Documents and Procedures; Clinical Study Initiation: II. Information for the Investigator to Send to the Sponsor; Clinical Study Initiation: III. Information for the Sponsor to Send to the Investigator; Prestudy Roundtable Meeting; Conducting the Clinical Study; Monitoring and Troubleshooting a Study; Clinical Study Termination; and Clinical Study Data Entry and Analysis. PMID- 6661732 TI - Disposition of mitoxantrone in patients. PMID- 6661734 TI - Mitoxantrone as first line cytotoxic therapy in advanced breast cancer: preliminary results of a phase II study. AB - Mitoxantrone, 14 mg/m2 repeated every 3 weeks was administered to postmenopausal patients with advanced measurable breast cancer previously untreated with cytotoxic agents. Response was achieved in 16 out of 28 (44%) evaluable patients and in four of the patients (with soft tissue disease) the response was complete. The median duration of response was 10+ months with a range from 4-12+ months. At doses which cause significant hematological toxicity other objective and subjective toxicities were remarkably mild. PMID- 6661733 TI - Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) as single agent and in combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. AB - Nineteen out of 62 evaluable patients with advanced breast cancer achieved an objective tumour response to mitoxantrone (31%) given in a dose of 12-14 mg/m2 by i.v. infusion repeated at 3-weekly intervals. The response rate in patients who had received no prior chemotherapy for advanced disease was 35%, compared with 22% in previously treated patients. Median duration of response was 10 months. Responses were seen in three out of nine patients who failed to respond to adriamycin. Neutropenia was dose limiting and eight out of 65 patients evaluable for toxicity had a neutropenic infection. Two patients developed readily reversible cardiac failure and two more developed physiological features of cardiac impairment, all after prolonged treatment. Other toxicities were mild and the drug was well tolerated; severe alopecia occurred in only one patient. Nine patients treated with a combination of mitoxantrone, vincristine and methotrexate all developed leukopenia with a mean white blood count of 1400/mm2 (range 200 2400) although no episodes of neutropenic infection were seen and the combination was otherwise well tolerated. Mitoxantrone is an active, well tolerated drug in the treatment of advanced breast cancer and merits further evaluation. PMID- 6661735 TI - Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone and 5-fluorouracil in patients with metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 6661736 TI - Mitoxantrone in malignant lymphomas. PMID- 6661737 TI - Mitoxantrone hydrochloride in lymphoma. PMID- 6661738 TI - Mitoxantrone--a critique. PMID- 6661739 TI - Synthesis and biological activities of N-acetyl-1-thiomuramoyl-L-alanyl-D isoglutamine and some of its lipophilic derivatives. AB - N-Acetyl-1-thiomuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and some lipophilic analogs were synthesized from benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[D-1 (methoxycarbonyl)ethyl ]- alpha-D-glucopyranoside (1). O-Debenzoylation of 2, derived from 1 by oxidation, gave 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[D 1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl ]-D-glucopyranose (3). Condensation of the alkoxy tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium chloride (4), formed from 3 by the action of carbon tetrachloride and tris(dimethylamino)phosphine, with potassium thioacetate afforded 2-acetamido-1-S-acetyl-2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[ D-1 (methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose (8). Coupling of the acid 9, obtained from 8 by hydrolysis and subsequent S-acetylation, with the methyl ester of L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine gave N-[2-O-(2-acetamido-1-S-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-4,6-O- isopropylidene-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose-3-yl)-D-lactoyl]-L-alan yl-D- isoglutamine methyl ester (10), which was converted, via O-deisopropylidenation, S-deacetylation, and de-esterification, into the N-acetyl-1-thiomuramoyl dipeptide. Condensation of 11 (derived from 10 by S-deacetylation) and of 12 (obtained from 10 by S-deacetylation and de-esterification) with various acyl chlorides yielded the corresponding 1-S-acyl-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D isoglutamine derivatives, which were converted into the desired, lipophilic 1 thiomuramoyl dipeptides by cleavage of the isopropylidene group. Condensation of 11 with the alkyl bromides yielded the 1-S-alkyl derivatives, which were also converted, via O-deisopropylidenation and de-esterification, into the corresponding 1-S-alkylmuramoyl dipeptides. The biological activities were examined in guinea-pigs and mice. PMID- 6661741 TI - A modulatory lipoprotein related to cancer cell inhibition. AB - Three fractions of lipoprotein were isolated from sera and ascites of cancer bearing mice by polyanion precipitation and density centrifugation. The cancer modulatory activity of isolated lipoproteins was estimated by means of trypan blue exclusion and cell potassium content. The activity of one of the isolated lipoprotein fractions was to kill cancer cells in vitro with little effect on normal bone marrow cells. This lipoprotein migrated as one band on agarose electrophoresis. After incubating cancer cells with the lipoprotein, the membrane fluidity of the cancer cells was markedly changed (p less than 0.01). The mechanism of modulation may be related to interaction of lipoprotein with plasma membrane of cancer cells. PMID- 6661742 TI - Basal cell carcinomas, gastrointestinal carcinomas, and ulcerative colitis in relation to the disappearance of a plasma factor. AB - Our previous findings have shown that the plasma of cancer patients lacks a factor (LCMEF) that is characterized by its ability to enhance lymphocytic cortisol metabolism. In the present study we have examined whether this phenomenon also appears in patients suffering from basal cell carcinoma, a seldom metastasizing disease, and in patients with ulcerative colitis regarded to be at high risk of developing cancer. Known concentrations of human lymphocytes from healthy donors were incubated with cortisol in media containing 50% phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and 50% of one of the following additions: 1) homologous plasma, 2) plasma from the patients being tested, or 3) additional PBS. Previous findings showed that the plasma of cancer patients has a mean metabolism enhancing rate of 62% of that obtained with homologous plasma. In the present work the results were as follows: basal cell carcinomas--98%, gastrointestinal carcinomas--63%, ulcerative colitis--95%, and healthy donors--90%. The results with regard to cancer patients show that lack of LCMEF does not characterize basal cell carcinoma and ulcerative colitis. Hence, it is possible that the disappearance of LCMEF 1) does not characterize ulcerative colitis as long as a malignant tumor does not appear and 2) does not characterize seldom metastasizing disease (basal cell carcinoma). PMID- 6661740 TI - Growth modification of normal and tumor cell lines with retinol. AB - The behavior of some normal and tumor cell lines was studied after treatment with retinol. Human amnion CCL-25 cells, human embryonic intestine CCL-6 cells, human colon adenocarcinoma LOVO cells, and mouse hepatoma BW-1 cells were used. Acute and chronic toxicity of vitamin A was evaluated. The effect of retinol on cell proliferation was monitored with regard to the cell growth rate and the number of cells at saturation density. The influence of the metabolic status of the cell was studied with respect to its susceptibility to antiproliferative effect of retinol. Major effects on growth inhibition could be observed with BW-1 and CCL-6 cells, especially when they were seeded at low density. PMID- 6661743 TI - Nifedipine and cardioplegia: rat heart studies with the St Thomas' cardioplegic solution. AB - The ability of nifedipine to enhance myocardial protection was assessed using an isolated rat heart model of cardiopulmonary bypass and ischaemic cardiac arrest. With normothermic ischaemic arrest (35 min, 37 degrees C), nifedipine addition improved the protective properties of the St Thomas' cardioplegic solution. Optimal protection was observed with 0.075 mumol nifedipine X litre-1, where post ischaemic recovery of aortic flow was improved from 47.9 +/- 5.2% to 76.7 +/- 2.9% (P less than 0.001) and creatine kinase leakage was reduced by approximately 50%. Despite the marked additional protection under normothermic conditions the drug was unable to improve contractile recovery after a period of hypothermic ischaemic arrest (150 min, 20 degrees C) although it did allow a significant reduction (22%) in creatine kinase leakage. In other studies, the ability of nifedipine to replace the cardioplegic solution was examined. Under normothermic conditions, it showed a good ability to protect against ischaemia, but this protection did not match that afforded by the St Thomas' cardioplegic solution. Under hypothermic conditions the drug failed to substitute for the cardioplegic solution, suggesting that a common modality between hypothermia and nifedipine induced protection. PMID- 6661744 TI - Reproducibility of haemodynamic measurements by impedance cardiography. AB - Impedance cardiography was used to measure heart rate (HR), stroke index (SI), cardiac index (CI) and left ventricular ejection time (t) in four subjects at rest and in eight subjects anticipating exercise and working at loads of 49, 98 and 147 watts on a bicycle ergometer. The resting measurements were repeated five times over a 2 week period and the exercise measurements were repeated three times at weekly intervals. Analysis of variance testing indicated that none of the variables changed significantly from day to day (P greater than 0.1). All variables changed with exercise and all but t changed from subject to subject (P less than 0.01). Coefficients of variation for CI, SI, HR and t were 10, 12, 8 and 1% respectively at rest and rose to 16, 13, 5 and 6% during exercise. There was a high linear correlation between work load and CI (r = 0.96). The data indicate that noninvasive impedance cardiography can be used to obtain reproducible measurements of CI, SI, HR and t during rest and immediately after exercise. PMID- 6661745 TI - Mechanism of the inotropic action of inosine on canine myocardium. AB - The positive inotropic effect of inosine in intact dog hearts was approximately halved by beta-adrenergic blockade with sotalol. The same result was obtained in dogs with chronic denervation of the heart, in which the sympathetic nerve terminals had degenerated. Therefore part of the positive inotropic action of inosine appears to be non-adrenergic. Inosine infusion caused supersensitivity of the positive inotropic effect over a wide range of doses of adrenaline. It is postulated that inosine may act by blocking the desensitising action of cyclic AMP on the reaction between calcium ions and the contractile proteins. PMID- 6661747 TI - A new apex-ejecting perfused rat heart preparation: relation between coronary flow and loading conditions. AB - The isolated perfused rat heart is an important experimental preparation for both mechanical and biochemical studies. In order to define better the relationship between coronary flow and loading conditions, a new preparation was developed in which the left ventricle ejected through the apex, while the aortic perfusion pressure could be separately controlled at a higher level than the apex afterload. Results were compared with a standard aortic perfused and ejecting preparation. All analyses were made at low calcium concentration (1.6 mmol X litre-1) for reducing cardiac performance. Coronary flow was related to perfusion pressure in the aortic ejecting preparation when the aortic afterload chamber was between 6.0 and 9.3 kPa (45 and 70 mmHg). Coronary autoregulation was demonstrable in the apex ejecting preparation irrespective of the height of the apex afterload chamber and the aortic ejecting preparation when the aortic chamber was between 11.0 and 16.0 kPa (83 and 120 mmHg). Following the addition of 10(-6) mol X litre-1 adenosine, there was significant coronary vasodilatation, and flow became pressure dependent in all cases. In the apex-ejecting preparation, with a high aortic pressure, coronary flow remained at relatively fixed level, and increases in oxygen demand were met by increasing oxygen extraction. Thus, in this preparation oxygen extraction was directly related to workload. With abrupt increases in afterload, going from 6.0 to 9.3 kPa (45 to 70 mmHg) to a higher level, there was evidence of transient hypoxia with the aortic ejecting but not the apex ejecting preparation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6661746 TI - Endoanaesthesia of left ventricular mechanoreceptors by steady state infusion of lignocaine and the influence of dopamine. AB - We recorded the afferent activity of 11 left ventricular mechanoreceptors in filaments of the vagus nerve in 10 chloralose-anaesthetised cats. The fibres showed low irregular spontaneous activity of 2.9 (0.2 to 8.4) spikes X s-1. During temporary occlusion of the left anterior descending or left main coronary artery they were activated to 19.1 (4.8 to 47.0) spikes X s-1. Intravenous infusion of 0.175 and 0.35 mg X kg-1 X min-1 lignocaine lowered heart rate and blood pressure. The spontaneous nerve fibre activity remained unchanged by the local anaesthetic, whereas the maximum activity evoked by coronary artery occlusion was reduced to 14.7 (2.6 to 34.1) and 10.9 (2.4 to 27.6) spikes X s-1. An additional infusion of 5 and 10 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 dopamine during continued application of 0.35 mg X kg-1 X min lignocaine raised heart rate and blood pressure to control values but had only minimal effects on the response of the fibres to coronary occlusion. It is concluded that lignocaine exerts a specific endoanaesthetic effect on the left ventricular mechanoreceptors, which is not mediated by its negative inotropic side effect. PMID- 6661748 TI - Blockade by verapamil of cholinergic effects on atrial specialised tissue in the anaesthetised dog. AB - The effects of verapamil were studied in anaesthetised dogs administered dextromoramide intrathecally to provide background vagal tone. Measurements were made of spontaneous heart rate, and, in paced hearts, of conduction times in atrial muscle, the atrioventricular node (A-V node) and His-Purkinje system by means of His bundle potential recording. The effective refractory period (ERP) of A-V node was measured by the extrastimulus method. In atropinised and vagotomised animals, verapamil reduced sinus rate and increased A-V nodal conduction time. In dogs high vagal tone after dextromoramide, however, verapamil increased sinus rate and reduced A-V nodal ERP. After dextromoramide alone, A-V block was observed at an atrial pacing rate of 150 beats X min-1, but after verapamil 1:1 A V conduction was restored. The decrease in conduction velocity in the A-V node due to ACh was neither attenuated nor enhanced by verapamil. PMID- 6661750 TI - Analogue computation of indices of contraction from regional measurements in intact hearts. AB - Computation of indices of regional myocardial contractility such as the shortening, or the work done by or on a segment of myocardium in a single cardial cycle is tedious to perform manually, and complex interfacing and software is needed for digital computation. We describe the principles of an on-line, analogue device to perform these computations . The accuracy of the machine is demonstrated, and examples of the uses of the devices are given. PMID- 6661749 TI - A pressure independent orifice equation for the estimation of diastolic mitral valve area in mitral insufficiency: correlation with cardiac catheterisation data using a radioactive Krypton indicator method for the determination of regurgitant filling volume. AB - We have investigated the application of an hydraulic orifice equation for the computation of diastolic mitral valve area in conditions of regurgitation. The new equation is given by Af = 21 Vf/T2, where Af is the total forward flow mitral valve area in cm2, Vf is the diastolic filling volume in ml, T is the diastolic filling period and 21 is a discharge coefficient derived from clinical haemodynamic data. Areas computed by the new formula correlate with valve areas as computed by the Gorlin formula at a level given by r = 0.93, n = 27. The results suggest that the new formula may be utilised in the context of mitral insufficiency and further, considerating the nature of the haemodynamic variables involved, an echographic quantification of this condition by M-mode or bidimensional echocardiography may be possible. PMID- 6661752 TI - [Recirculation of cholesterol between plasma and slow turnover tissues under physiological conditions in man]. PMID- 6661751 TI - [Computer modelling and the physiology of respiration]. PMID- 6661753 TI - [Loading-induced changes in the amplitude of R and S waves in thoracic ECG leads]. PMID- 6661754 TI - Development of the granule population in neutrophil granulocytes from human bone marrow. AB - Bone marrow from hematologically healthy adults was exposed to a number of fixation procedures for investigation of the heterogeneity of the granule population in neutrophil granulocytes at the ultrastructural level. Four main cell stages were distinguished: early promyelocyte, late promyelocyte, myelocyte, and mature neutrophil granulocyte and described separately; metamyelocytes and band-form or stab cells are described together. The characteristic changes in the cytoplasm during myelopoiesis were analysed quantitatively. Special attention was given to the development of the granule population. Three types of granule arise in successive cell stages: granules which develop a sub-structure in the matrix (nucleated granules) are formed in early promyelocytes, granules with a homogeneous electron-dense matrix (azurophil granules) in late promyelocytes, and granules with a less electron-dense matrix (specific granules) in myelocytes. The three types of granule remain present during myelopoiesis. The best results in distinguishing the granule types were obtained by prefixation either in 0.1% glutaraldehyde or in 1.5% glutaraldehyde followed by washing in phosphate buffered Ringer solution to which aminotriazole had been added. Granule counts revealed for the mature neutrophil a total number of granules of about 220 per ultrathin section. This population of granules is composed of about 12% nucleated, 11% azurophil, and 77% specific granules. When our previous findings are taken into account, the existence of three successively formed and morphologically distinguishable types of granule in heterophil (neutrophil) granulocytes has been demonstrated for three mammalian species: the guinea pig, the rat, and man. A separate term for the early promyelocyte stage is proposed: eomyelocyte. PMID- 6661755 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the electric organs of Electrophorus electricus L. I. Main organ. AB - Extensive survey was made with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the surfaces of the main electric organ of Electrophorus electricus L. This study of the microanatomy of the electrocyte contributes to a better understanding of the relief of both anterior and posterior faces, showing peculiarities that could not be seen previously in sections either for light or for electron microscopy. The relief is evidently related to the actual membrane area, important for calculations of electrophysiological parameters. Also information on the general organization, specially the distribution of connective tissue and external configuration of synapses, is presented. PMID- 6661756 TI - Cyclophosphamide-induced changes in rodent odontogenesis. A light- and electron microscopic study. AB - Cyclophosphamide-induced changes in rodent odontogenesis were investigated by light and electron microscopy in four-day-old Sprague Dawley rats given one injection of 40 mg/kg of body weight of cyclophosphamide and killed at intervals of one hour, one day, one week and two weeks. Incisor and molar teeth were dissected from the animals, fixed in 2.0% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate with 3.4% sucrose, and subsequently some were incubated for alkaline phosphatase reaction, and embedded in Spurr's medium for sectioning at light- and electron-microscopic levels. From three days a cell-sparse zone was created in the pulp in the growing end of the tooth and progressive cellular changes were observed which became more severe in the one-week and two-week specimens. Subodontoblast and adjacent pulpal cells were the most affected showing nuclear changes, damage to, or loss of, organelles, and inclusion bodies. Odontogenic epithelium was less affected and odontoblasts appeared to be unaffected by the drug. A new irregular matrix was laid down in the defect area and seemed to be the product of depolarized odontoblasts. This new matrix showed alkaline phosphatase activity, as did the cells embedded in it, and later it became mineralized. It is speculated that the polarity of odontoblasts might be maintained by an intact subodontoblastic layer; when this is lost the odontoblasts become depolarized and capable of secreting matrix from both ends. PMID- 6661757 TI - Membrane specialisations of the neuromuscular junction of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria. AB - The ultrastructure of locust (Schistocerca gregaria) neuromuscular junctions as observed in freeze-fracture replicas is described and correlated with their appearance in thin sections of material prepared by various fixation regimes and by use of the sectioned replica technique. Two main specialisations are found at the junction. Postsynaptically there is a concentration of large intramembranous particles partitioning on fracturing with the E-face of the sarcolemma. These are associated with smaller, less defined subparticles thought to be proteinaceous projections seen in thin section. Presynaptically a raised row of particles is present on an elliptical plateau of the P-face of the nerve membrane, corresponding to a densely staining bar present in thin sections prepared using tannic acid and methylamine tungstate. These specialisations are found in both red and white fibres, indicating that the junctions are fast excitatory rather than inhibitory junctions. The bar-shaped particle array is not present 14 days after denervation. These specialisations are compared with those at synapses previously described and their possible function at a glutamatergic neuromuscular junction is discussed. PMID- 6661758 TI - Analysis of ring-shaped nucleoli in serially sectioned human lymphocytes. AB - Serial section analysis has demonstrated that ring-shaped nucleoli of mature human lymphocytes are spherical structures consisting of a peripheral ribonucleoprotein shell that surrounds one large fibrillar center. The shell exhibits usually one or, less frequently, two openings. The fibrillar center is in contact with the nucleoplasm and perinucleolar condensed chromatin, which frequently appears as a pedicle-like structure. Several chromocenters are associated with the ring-shaped nucleolus. PMID- 6661759 TI - Skeletal muscle precursors do not arise from bone marrow cells. AB - This paper tests the hypothesis that bone marrow stem cells can give rise to circulating muscle precursor cells. Irradiated host mice were reconstituted with bone marrow cells from a second strain of mice: the two strains were each homozygous for one of the two different isoenzyme forms of the enzyme glucose-6 phosphate isomerase, which enable cells of the two strains to be identified by different isoenzyme mobilities on starch gel electrophoresis. Isoenzyme patterns of 16 regenerated muscle isografts and 7 samples of host muscle (from 13 mice) were examined to determine whether donor bone marrow cells contributed to formation of new skeletal muscle. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that myoblasts can arise from bone marrow precursor cells, although the possibility that muscle precursor cells derived from other tissues may circulate in the blood stream was not excluded. PMID- 6661761 TI - Arrangement of microfibrils in collagen fibrils of tendons in the rat tail. Ultrastructural and x-ray diffraction investigation. AB - The microfibrillar arrangement in collagen fibrils of tendons in the tail of the rat was examined by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Fresh and air dried collagen fibers were examined in unstretched and stretched conditions. The results demonstrate that the microfibrils have a course parallel to the longitudinal axis of the collagen fibrils. The influence of stretching and hydration of the samples on the orientation of fibrils and microfibrils is also assessed. PMID- 6661760 TI - A fine-structural study of the termination of intrafusal muscle fibres in the Chinese hamster. AB - The termination of intrafusal muscle fibres was studied in muscle spindles of the tenuissimus muscle of the Chinese hamster. Most nuclear chain fibres terminated within the spindle capsule. The nuclear bag- and nuclear chain fibres that extended beyond the limit of the spindle capsule terminated in the endomysial connective tissue of the adjacent extrafusal fibres. Three types of intracapsular terminations were found: (1) termination on the neighbouring nuclear bag fibre, (2) termination in the periaxial space without any obvious attachment site, or (3) termination on the spindle capsule. The intrafusal fibres were tapered and longitudinal sarcolemmal invaginations were poorly developed or were completely lacking. The fibre ends were characterized by their folded basal lamina, which appeared to be mechanically reinforced by associated collagen fibrils and elastic fibres. PMID- 6661763 TI - Some lessons from the erythrocyte. PMID- 6661762 TI - Actin-membrane interaction. 2nd International Conference on Biological Structure. April 10-13, 1983, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. PMID- 6661764 TI - Lateral diffusion in membranes. AB - Lateral diffusion measurements, using the photobleaching techniques, have provided unique and quantitative data on the random translational motions of proteins and lipids of membranes. Proper interpretation of this body of data can yield new insight into the structure of biomembranes. A comparative review of the lateral diffusion of membrane components in artificial lipid bilayers and of the same components in natural membranes is presented to demonstrate the effects of protein concentration and peripheral constraints on lateral mobility. Recent data on the effects of cell-substrate and cell-cell contact on lateral diffusion are reviewed. Finally, some experimental perspectives are offered in terms of emerging biophysical and biological technology. PMID- 6661765 TI - Complexes containing actin and spectrin from erythrocyte and brain. AB - A complex of proteins with properties similar to those of erythrocyte spectrin band 4.1-actin complex has been identified in a preparation derived from bovine brain. The complex has an apparent sedimentation coefficient of about 26S, and contains brain spectrin (also called fodrin) and actin as major components. The actin in the complex is in the oligomeric form, which nucleates assembly of actin filaments that grow from the "barbed" end. The complex cross-links actin filaments, resulting in an increase in low-shear viscosity. Whether the complex contains a protein analogous to erythrocyte band 4.1 is not known. However, it can be demonstrated that brain spectrin has the capability to interact with band 4.1 in a way which increases its ability to cross-link actin filaments. PMID- 6661766 TI - F-actin aggregates may activate transformed cell surfaces. AB - Observations on the role of transformation-specific F-actin aggregates [Carley et al, 1981] in altering morphology, adhesion and intercellular interaction in transformed cells are reported here. The appearance and disappearance of membrane and substrate-associated F-actin aggregates (MAG and SAG, respectively) are followed in a cell line temperature-sensitive for transformation. Since MAG structures also appear near the membrane in suspension cultures of transformed cells and in transformed cells in coculture with untransformed cells, they appear to function at cell-cell contacts. Unlike microfilament bundles in untransformed cells, MAG and SAG do not contain the F-actin regulatory protein tropomyosin. The lack of tropomyosin in these structures near the membrane is reminiscent of areas of an exceptionally active actin cytoskeleton usually associated with motile processes of the normal cell membrane. Such areas of membrane-cytoskeletal interaction may be involved in the aberrant cell-cell communication as well as the aggressive behavior often seen in transformed cells. PMID- 6661767 TI - Movement of myosin-coated structures on actin cables. AB - Myosin-coated spheres from 0.6 to 120 microns in diameter move in vitro on a substratum of polar arrays of actin cables derived from the alga Nitella. The force for this movement is provided by skeletal muscle myosin since it is ATP dependent, and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) inactivation of the myosin blocks movement. These observations demonstrate that attachment of myosin in a random orientation to structures will enable those structures to move along polar arrays of actin filaments. PMID- 6661768 TI - Striated paracrystals that contain HMWP, the homolog of actin-binding protein and filamin from HeLa cells. AB - HMWP (high molecular weight protein), a high molecular weight actin binding protein, was previously isolated from HeLa cells; its physical properties, amino acid composition, and intracellular localization indicated its homology with actin-binding protein and filamin [Weihing, 1982, 1983]. We now report the identification of HMWP in striated paracrystals. Purified HMWP is incubated at 25 degrees C and subjected to negative staining with uranyl acetate. Examination by electron microscopy reveals long, striated paracrystals formed from filaments a few nanometers in diameter that lie parallel to the long axis of the paracrystal. At intervals of about 200 nm, the filaments are crossed by granular aggregates, accounting for the striated appearance. Treatment of the paracrystals with an affinity-purified antibody to HMWP decorates the filaments; such decorations are not observed if nonimmune goat IgG or phosphate-buffered saline are substituted for the antibody. Electron microscopic and electrophoretic analysis of paracrystals sedimented onto grids by centrifugation at 864 g reveals that the grids are covered with paracrystals and the major polypeptide present on grids centrifuged in parallel is HMWP. Taken together, these data indicate that the filaments of the paracrystals contain elongated molecules of HMWP. Additional experiments are needed to decide if the paracrystals form by self-association between HMWP molecules or by association with one or more of the minor polypeptides that remain in the purified HMWP. PMID- 6661769 TI - A spectrin-like protein from mouse brain membranes: immunological and structural correlations with erythrocyte spectrin. AB - Membrane-associated mouse brain spectrin is a 972,000 Mr, 10.5S, (alpha beta)2 tetramer containing two approximately 240,000 Mr subunits and two approximately 235,000 Mr subunits. Two-dimensional [125I]tryptic peptide mapping indicates that these subunits share only limited and equivalent overlap with the alpha- and beta subunits of red blood cell (RBC) spectrin. Both the 220,000 Mr beta-subunit of RBC spectrin and the 235,000 Mr beta-subunit of brain spectrin are phosphorylated in the intact mouse. In vitro analysis suggests that both are phosphorylated by a cAMP-independent protein kinase. Antibodies against pure native mouse red blood cell spectrin cross-react with brain spectrin, and antibodies against pure brain spectrin cross-react with both the alpha- and beta-subunits of mouse RBC spectrin. Both antibodies have been utilized to localize brain spectrin within distinct cellular entities of the mouse cerebellum. Granule cell neurons of the internal granule layer and Purkinje cell neurons demonstrated intense fluorescence of the cortical cytoplasm immediately adjacent to the plasma membrane and unstained nuclei, when either RBC or brain spectrin antibodies were utilized for staining. The molecular layer of the cerebellum stained only lightly, and oligodendrocytes and astrocytes appeared to have little fluorescence. Therefore, while brain is a tissue rich in nonerythroid spectrin, the concentration of these immunoreactive analogues is quite variable within distinct cellular entities of the cerebellum. PMID- 6661770 TI - Spectrin, fodrin, and TW260/240: a family of related proteins lining the plasma membrane. AB - Recently, molecules highly related to erythrocyte spectrin have been identified in nonerythroid cells. Here we summarize our current understanding of these molecules and suggest a model for their organization. Significant differences exist between this family of proteins isolated from mammalian cells and avian cells, and this may explain the variability in antibody preparations as well as differences in peptide maps of these subunits which have been reported. We have prepared antibodies specific for the variant subunits of the spectrinlike proteins fodrin, spectrin, and TW260/240 and analyzed the distribution of these variant subunits in different chicken cell types as well as their developmental distribution in the intestine. The results suggest that fodrin is the general member of this family of proteins and can even coexist with other spectrinlike proteins in the same cells. PMID- 6661771 TI - Validity of contrast hyperemia for clinical assessment of coronary flow reserve: the optimal dose of contrast medium and reproducibility of the technique. AB - The dose-response relation of contrast medium-induced hyperemic response in coronary blood flow (contrast hyperemia) was investigated to determine the optimal dose of contrast medium (CM, Urografin-76) for the assessment of coronary flow reserve in man. The great cardiac venous flow (GCVF) was determined with the continuous thermodilution method during the contrast hyperemia induced by the intracoronary injection of CM of three different doses, ie, 2, 4, and 6 ml/60 kg of body weight, into left coronary artery. Submaximal coronary vasodilation could be obtained by intracoronary injection of 4 ml of CM with minimal changes in systemic hemodynamics. The contrast hyperemia with this dose of CM was reproducible and also closely correlated with that obtained during pacing-induced angina. Thus, we conclude that the contrast hyperemic technique with intracoronary injection of 4 ml of Urografin-76 could be a reliable method to assess the coronary flow reserve. PMID- 6661772 TI - Hemodynamic changes after angiocardiography with a new low osmolar contrast medium (sodium-meglumin-joxaglat). AB - We evaluated the hemodynamic effects of sodium-meglumin-joxaglat (Hexabrix) compared to sodium-meglumin-diatrizoat (Urografin 76) after left ventriculography in a double-blind randomized study on 24 patients (12 patients per group). Hemodynamic measurements at rest and the extent of ischemic heart disease were comparable in the two groups. Measurements were made at rest and between the second and third minute, between the fifth and sixth minute, and between the eighth and ninth minute following injection of 0.7 ml/kg of contrast medium into the left ventricle. Additionally left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction of the second and fifth beat following the onset of injection were calculated. The discomfort was graded by the patients on a scale of 1-4. After 3 min there was a significant but comparable increase in right atrial, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (64, 35, and 61%, respectively for the Hexabrix group and 61, 36, and 58% for the Urografin group). Cardiac index and stroke volume index rose significantly higher in the Urografin group and left ventricular work index increased significantly only after injection of Urografin 76. Ejection fraction decreased 11% in the Hexabrix group and 9% in the Urografin group. The grade of discomfort was 1.83 +/- 1 in Hexabrix group and 2.83 +/- 0.8 in the Urografin group (p less than 0.05). Thus, Hexabrix represents an advance in angiocardiography, both from the subjective and objective standpoint. PMID- 6661773 TI - Salutary effect of nifedipine in pacing-induced angina: relation to afterload reduction. AB - To determine the mechanisms responsible for beneficial effects of nifedipine in pacing-induced angina pectoris, 20 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization were studied. Following left ventriculography and coronary arteriography, right atrial pacing was performed before and 30 min after administration of 20 mg of nifedipine sublingually. Heart rate was increased by 10-beat-per-minute (bpm) increments every 90 sec until angina occurred. Electrocardiogram, central aortic pressure, and pulmonary arterial occlusive pressure were monitored continuously. Mean paced heart rate at the onset of angina was increased from 107 +/- 12.6 bpm to 140.6 +/- 19.9 (P less than .001) after nifedipine. Systolic arterial pressure at the time of angina declined from 143 +/- 20 mm Hg to 112 +/- 23 mm Hg (P less than .001). Consequently, the double product heart rate X systolic blood pressure was not changed significantly at the onset of chest pain (149 +/- 28 mm Hg X 10(-2) vs. 142 +/- 28 mm Hg X 10(-2) ). Pulmonary arterial occlusive pressure also did not change significantly (10.4 +/- 4.4 vs. 10.5 +/- 5.9 mm Hg). Thus, nifedipine decreased myocardial oxygen demand at a given heart rate by reducing left ventricular afterload, but did not increase the rate pressure product threshold for ischemic pain. These results indicate that peripheral arterial vasodilator effects of nifedipine, with a resultant decrease in myocardial oxygen requirements, account for its antianginal effect in this setting in patients with fixed obstructive coronary artery disease. PMID- 6661774 TI - Catheter fragmentation: a potential source of catheter embolus. AB - Aortic root angiography in the patient described in the present report was complicated by precipitious catheter occlusion. Analysis of the occluding fragment by infrared spectroscopy indicated that it was a urethane structure, suggesting that the occluding fragment resulted from spontaneous fragmentation of the polyurethane catheter. Experience with this patient thus documents the potential for nonblood catheter embolus. PMID- 6661775 TI - A method for inserting two catheters, pulmonary arterial and temporary pacing, through a single puncture into a subclavian vein. AB - A method for inserting two catheters into a subclavian vein, using a single puncture, is described. Ten patients are reported in whom pulmonary arterial and temporary pacing catheters were inserted by this method. Similar techniques are discussed. PMID- 6661776 TI - Double-curve wire technique for negotiating tortuous iliac arteries and abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 6661777 TI - The enhancement of reaggregation of sea urchin blastula cells by exogenous proteins. AB - The ability of exogenous proteins to enhance the reaggregation of aggregation deficient butanol extracted cells has been studied using blastula cells of the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata. Butanol extracts, calcium- and magnesium-free sea water dissociation supernatant, human plasma fibronectin and bovine serum albumin enhance reaggregation in a concentration dependent manner. Electrophoretic analysis and autoradiography of 125I surface labeled dissociated cells indicate that while butanol extracts a large number of proteins, few iodinated proteins are present in the butanol extract. The non-specificity of proteins to promote reaggregation and the probable cellular location of the butanol extracted proteins are discussed. PMID- 6661778 TI - Adult hemoglobins are synthesized in yolk sac microenvironment obtained from murine cultured blastocysts. AB - The capability of yolk sac (YS) hematopoietic stem cells to produce in vitro either primitive or definite erythrocytes under the influence of stimulating agents was analyzed. Two systems were used: either 9-day-old yolk sacs were explanted and cultured or 3-day-old blastocysts were cultured under conditions in which they give rise only to YS tissue. In both systems, YS tissue produced only primitive erythrocytes. When the stimulating agents (spleen cell-conditioned medium or erythropoietin) were added to the medium, YS cultures gave rise to definitive erythrocytes. These data confirm the intrinsic ability of the YS stem cells to undergo primitive erythropoiesis; furthermore, they provide evidence that YS hemopoietic progenitor cells do not require any direct interaction with cells of the embryo to undergo definitive erythropoiesis but only stimulation by agents, such as pokeweed mitogen spleen conditioned medium or erythropoietin; the YS microenvironment does not counteract this capacity. PMID- 6661779 TI - Localization of retina cognin in embryonic neural retina tissue by immuno scanning electron microscopy. AB - The retina cognin (a retina-specific cell-surface glycosylated protein that mediates self-recognition and morphogenetic contact associations of embryonic retina cells) was visualized by immunolabeling and scanning electron microscopy on the surface of cells within retina tissue of 9- and 16-day chick embryos. The photoreceptor processes which are free of contact with cells in the neural retina, were found to be devoid of surface cognin from early on in their development. These results extend previous studies on cognin localization and regeneration on separated retina cells in vitro and conclusively correlate its presence and surface topology with its postulated role. PMID- 6661780 TI - Protein composition of the hyaline layer of sea urchin embryos and reaggregating cells. AB - The protein composition of the sea urchin embryo hyaline layer has been studied by 125I surface labeling. The electrophoretic patterns of iodinated proteins indicate that the composition of the hyaline layer is species and stage-specific. Dissociation of iodinated embryos removes some labeled proteins of apparent molecular weights of 290,000, 175,000, 145,000, 110,000, 70,000, and 50,000. The electrophoretic pattern of labeled proteins found in the intact embryo is reestablished on the surface of aggregates following reaggregation. The possible function of these proteins with respect to cell adhesion, cell-sorting behavior and morphogenesis is discussed. PMID- 6661781 TI - [A method of measuring intracranial pressure in the chick embryo]. PMID- 6661782 TI - [[Additional possible uses of chronic tracheal cannulation in experimental respiration physiology]. PMID- 6661783 TI - [Development of the nervous system]. PMID- 6661785 TI - [Juvenile aponeurotic (calcifying) fibroma]. AB - A 10-year old boy suffered from a chondroid tumour in plantar part of the 3rd metatarsophalangeal joint. Alternating fibrous and chondroid structures were found by microscopy as well as collagen dystrophy with calcification. Giant cell reaction around connective tissue necrosis reminded of rheumatoid structure. Combined lesions described as characteristic for juvenile aponeurotic fibroma. PMID- 6661784 TI - [Larval toxocariasis in a 40-year-old man with detection of larvae in a liver biopsy]. AB - A 40-year old cattle feeder has been suffering from indigestion, leukocytosis and conspicuous eosinophilia for about 4 years. A sample of liver tissue was taken during gastrectomy and multiple allergic granulomas rich in eosinophilia leukocytes were found. Toxocara canis was identified in serial sections outside the granulomas. Larval toxocariasis was confirmed by a high level of specific antibodies which failed to decrease even after administration of Mintezol antithelmintic. In this country, there was serological proof of 287 cases of larval toxocariasis till July 1982. This is the first finding of Toxocara larvae in liver biopsy published in Czechoslovak literature. Another finding of liver Toxocara larvae was made in a 86-year old woman included among 4 cases of allergic granulomatosis of the liver published before. PMID- 6661787 TI - [Fenestration of the pulmonary septa as a sign of early destruction in emphysema]. AB - Fenestrations of alveolar septa were found in 8 patients from a group of 9 in samples of macroscopically normal tissue from resected lobes or the whole lungs. Number and diameter of fenestrations related to the length of septa were in correlation with the severity of obstruction examined before operation. Most fenestrations were empty, less often were filled by pneumocytes 2, once by pneumocyte 1. Small fenestrations occurred in intercapillary parts of septa. Junctional complexes between pneumocyte 1 processes were found in margins of fenestrae. When destruction exceeded intercapillary parts of septa capillary circulation was damaged. PMID- 6661786 TI - [Heart rupture in acute myocardial infarct--analysis of 110 cases]. AB - One hundred and ten cases of heart rupture (27%) were found among 408 postmortems of acute myocardial infarction from 1976 to 1982. After intensive care units were introduced the rate of rupture increased from 17% to 30% and reached 39% of the total. Ruptures were more frequent in women (32%) than in men (24%), their frequency increasing with the age; average age was 70 years in men and 72 years in women. Sudden death occurred in 16% of the patients; the interval between the first symptoms of infarction and death was 24 hours in 39% and 1 week or less in 90% of those affected. Most cases with extremely short history showed a fully developed infarction at autopsy. The rupture was, in fact, the first manifestation of latent ("silent") infarction. Less usual types of heart rupture (incomplete rupture, i. e. dissection of the free wall of the left ventricle and rupture of interventricular septum or papillary muscles of the left ventricle) are discussed in detail. Practical experience of the study is summarized in comments on heart autopsy. PMID- 6661788 TI - [Chronic progressive radiation myelopathy]. AB - Radiation dose absorbed by spinal tissue in 4 cases of chronic progressive myelopathy was analysed so that the criteria could be established for choosing cases in which myelopathy was to be presumed. Nevertheless, neither regressive nor vascular lesion was found in 10 autopsies fitting the criteria. The fact was explained by individual variability or other unknown factors. PMID- 6661789 TI - [ICD-O-Cs (International Classification of Diseases--Oncology-- Czech edition)]. PMID- 6661790 TI - [Results of 3 years of screening for congenital hypothyroidism in the catchment area of the southern Central Slovakia Region]. PMID- 6661791 TI - [The importance of spectrophotometric examination of urine in the differential diagnosis of respiratory disorders in newborn infants]. PMID- 6661792 TI - [Use of partial exsanguination transfusions in neonatology]. PMID- 6661793 TI - [Asymmetric osteocutaneous lipomatosis in a 3-year-old boy associated with defective development of the brain]. PMID- 6661794 TI - [Significance of epibulbar dermoids in childhood]. PMID- 6661795 TI - [The nephrotic syndrome in children and its treatment]. PMID- 6661796 TI - [Development of body height and weight of Czech and Slovak children during the seventies]. PMID- 6661797 TI - [Penicillamine in the treatment of juvenile chronic arthritis]. PMID- 6661798 TI - [Cholecystolithiasis in an 11-year-old girl]. PMID- 6661799 TI - [Utilization of graduates of the Medical School of Hygiene of Charles University in practice]. PMID- 6661801 TI - [Accident rate in a general machine works factory from 1976 to 1980]. PMID- 6661800 TI - [Mathematical analysis of internal relations in unplanned admissions of patients to internal medicine departments in hospitals]. PMID- 6661802 TI - [Cholesterolemia in rural men]. PMID- 6661803 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of geriatric psychiatry in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 6661804 TI - [The progressive Soviet experience for use in our practice]. PMID- 6661808 TI - [Socioeconomic factors intervening in the treatment of alcoholics. A description of the therapeutic sequence]. PMID- 6661807 TI - The effect of different surface chemical groups on drug binding to liposomes. AB - The binding of four secondary and tertiary amine drugs with local anesthetic activity (propranolol, tetracaine, lidocaine, procaine) to liposomes containing charged surface groups of different chemical composition has been investigated. Binding is determined by measurement of partition coefficients and of drug induced zeta potential changes of the liposomes. For propranolol 30% of the total amount of drug dissolved in phosphatidylcholine is located as protonated form in the liposome surface. Fifty percent of tetracaine and 13% of procaine contribute to the surface charges. Negative surface charges (phosphatidylserine) facilitate drug binding and drug protonization in the liposome surface. Positive surface charges (hexadecyltrimethylammonium) prevent the protonization of the drugs. Different chemical groups of single negatively charged phospholipids or of electrostatically neutral lipids have no significant effect on drug binding which proves that binding is not influenced by steric and bulky head group configurations. The drugs interact hydrophobically with the lipid phase in such a way that the drug amine protonizes in the presence of the negatively charged phosphate oxygen of the phospholipid. Hexadecanoic acid is located deeper within the liposome surface than other negatively charged phospholipids. Correspondingly the drug action is weaker and drug protonization is prevented. PMID- 6661805 TI - Partial synthesis and physical properties of cerebroside sulfate containing palmitic acid or alpha-hydroxy palmitic acid. AB - Chromatographically pure galactosylceramide I3-sulfate (cerebroside sulfate (CBS)) containing palmitic acid or D-2-hydroxypalmitic acid has been prepared by the acylation of galactosylsphingosine I3-sulfate obtained from the saponification of bovine brain sulfatides. Optically pure D-2-hydroxypalmitic acid was obtained by adapting literature methods for the synthesis of the racemic acid and its resolution. The thermotropic behavior of the two synthetic CBSs were compared to each other and to the corresponding components in natural CBS, obtained by fractionation of bovine brain sulfatides, in order to determine the contribution of the hydroxy fatty acid to intermolecular hydrogen bonding between molecules of the lipid. The gel to liquid crystalline phase transition temperature (Tc) of the hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) synthetic form is 53.2 degrees C, 3 degrees higher than that of the non-hydroxy fatty acid (NFA) form at low concentrations of Na+ or K+. A similar difference was found for the HFA and NFA forms of natural CBS. The enthalpy of the NFA synthetic form is 8.5 kcal/mol, about 30% greater than that of the HFA form. The difference in Tc between the NFA and HFA forms is abolished as the Na+ or K+ concentration increases but the difference in enthalpy persists. Increasing cation concentration, over the range 0.01-2 M, increases Tc more than for an acidic phospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, probably due to increased intermolecular hydrogen bonding as the charged sulfate is shielded. K+ causes a 3-4 degrees C greater increase in Tc relative to that produced by Na+ while K+ and Na+ have similar effects on phosphatidylglycerol. PMID- 6661806 TI - Interaction of hopanoids with phosphatidylcholines containing oleic and omega cyclohexyldodecanoic acid in lipid bilayer membranes. AB - Lipid bilayer membranes were made from hopanoid phosphatidylcholine mixtures dissolved in decane. The specific capacity of the mixed membranes was found to increase with increasing hopanoid content. This indicates an interaction between hopanoids and lipids which leads to a reduction of the chemical potential of the solvent in the membranes. The structural properties of mixtures of hopanoids and phosphatidylcholines were investigated using charged probe molecules, the negatively charged lipophilic ions dipicrylamine (DPA) and tetraphenylborate (TphiB) and the positively charged potassium complex PV-K+ (PV, cyclo (D-Val-L Pro-L-Val-D-Pro)3). The transport properties of the lipophilic ions in the mixed membranes indicate that the electrical properties like dipolar potential and surface potentials of phosphatidylcholine membranes are not changed by the insertion of the hopanoids. The translocation rate constant K of the PV-K+ complex is drastically reduced in the hopanoid phosphatidylcholine membranes with increasing hopanoid content. This effect is discussed on the basis of an alteration of the microviscosity in the mixed membranes. There exists a close analogy between the action of cholesterol and hopanoids in bilayer membranes from phosphatidylcholines. A bilayer membrane composed of di-omega cyclohexyldodecanoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DCPC) was found to possess a higher specific capacity as compared to other phosphatidylcholines. Also a lower translocation rate constant for PV-K+ was observed which may be caused by the relative high microviscosity of this lipid even above the phase transition temperature. PMID- 6661809 TI - [Therapeutic approach in a Jungian perspective]. PMID- 6661811 TI - Sleep EEG studies in ischemic brain stem lesions. Preliminary report. PMID- 6661810 TI - [Activation of generalized paroxysms with spikes and steep waves in the waking- and sleep-EEG following sleep deprivation]. PMID- 6661812 TI - Reduced hepatic blood flow does not limit gluconeogenesis in awake endotoxic minipigs. AB - Hypoglycemia associated with endotoxic shock is due to increased glucose utilization coupled with inadequate hepatic glucogenesis. Decreased hepatic blood flow is common in shock and could conceivably reduce hepatic gluconeogenic substrate and oxygen delivery, thereby limiting gluconeogenesis. A study was conducted to assess endotoxin-induced alteration of hepatic hemodynamics and its effect on glucose metabolism. Eight adult minipigs were fitted with jugular, portal, and hepatic vein and carotid artery catheters, and hepatic artery and portal vein flow cuffs for determination of transhepatic kinetics. Three days later they were infused with endotoxin at 15 micrograms/kg/hr. Hepatic blood flow and portal vein oxygen (O2) content became significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) reduced thereby decreasing hepatic O2 input. Hepatic O2 extraction increased from 24 to 73% but never achieved the reported maximum of 97%. Therefore, reduction of O2 input did not seem to rate limit gluconeogenesis. Reductions in gluconeogenic substrate delivery were not involved since hepatic lactate and pyruvate input actually increased due to elevated blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations. PMID- 6661813 TI - Hemodynamic mechanisms in anaphylaxis. AB - Intravenous administration of ascaris suum antigen (1 mg) as well as histamine (5 mg) was associated with rapid and marked reductions in cardiac output (QT) and systemic arterial pressure (Pa) in anesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs. When venous return was maintained constant by an external pump reservoir system, both antigen and histamine caused rapid reductions in the reservoir blood volume consistent with peripheral pooling. In addition, interruption of the splanchnic arterial inflow by occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta restored the cardiac output to control during histamine shock, whereas QT during antigen shock was unaffected by aortic occlusion, even though the circulatory failure was of similar magnitude. Therefore, we conclude that differences in responses of antigen and histamine shock to aortic occlusion indicate that mechanisms leading to peripheral pooling of blood are different with the two agents. In addition, stability of left atrial pressure following the administration of either agent, when the venous return is maintained constant, suggests that intrinsic myocardial dysfunction is not a major initiating mechanism in the two shock states studied. PMID- 6661814 TI - Evidence that a coronary alpha-adrenergic tone limits myocardial blood flow and oxygenation in acute hemorrhagic hypotension. AB - In 17 anesthetized dogs, left coronary blood flow (LCBF), left ventricular oxygen extraction [(a-v)O2], and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) were monitored. Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) was varied over a wide range by hemorrhage, and the effects of alpha-adrenergic blockade elicited by intracoronary phenoxybenzamine were assessed. During normotension (CPP greater than 80 mm Hg), blockade increased LCBF by 31 +/- 6 (SEM) %, but (a-v)O2 was substantially decreased so that MVO2 was increased by only 13 +/- 3%. At lower levels of CPP, the absolute increase in LCBF caused by blockade was similar to that during normotension, but because of the reduced preblockade LCBF, the percentage increase was greater. Thus, at a CPP of 50-80 mm Hg, LCBF increased by 41 +/- 15%, and at CPP less than 50 mm Hg, LCBF increased by 47 +/- 11% (P less than 0.05 compared to percentage of change during normotension). Furthermore, during hypotension the increase in LCBF after blockade was not accompanied by a large decrease in (a-v)O2. Consequently, in severe hypotension (CCP less than 50 mm Hg), both the absolute increase and the percentage increase in MVO2 was significantly greater than during normotension. These data suggest that during hypotension, especially severe hypotension, an alpha-adrenergic tone in the coronary circulation limits coronary flow and myocardial oxygenation. PMID- 6661815 TI - Preventing versus delaying death in shock therapy studies: evaluating "survival". AB - When results from a short-term experimental study of septic shock indicate that a therapy increases survival time (i.e., delays death), should the reader conclude that the therapy ultimately will increase the percentage of permanent survivors (i.e., prevent death)? If not, how long must animals be observed after lethal sepsis to reasonably validate that a therapy can be used to effect complete recovery? To help answer these questions, we reevaluated survival data from the symposium that entailed the largest number of separate shock therapy studies ever performed on a homogeneous group of dogs in one place at one time with a single lot of endotoxin. Twenty-eight scientists studied the responses of 115 treated and 38 untreated dogs given LD80 endotoxin by bolus injection to compare 15 therapies (most previously reported to have "increased survival"): the numbers of dogs alive were recorded at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 7 days. Chi-square analysis indicated significantly more treated than untreated dogs alive only at 24 hr and significantly fewer treated dogs alive on day 7 than on day 2. Individual comparison of the proportion of animals alive in each of the 15 treated groups with the untreated group showed more dogs alive (P less than 0.05) in 3 treated groups at day 1 and in 1 treated group at day 2 and 4; so, four therapies appeared to "increase survival." However, by day 7 no therapy group had statistically more survivors than the untreated group. This evaluation indicates that in order to make a clear distinction between increasing survival time and increasing the percentage of permanent survivors, both treated and untreated dogs should be observed and compared after septic challenge until the percentage of survivors in both groups attains a steady state. PMID- 6661816 TI - On the use of a sensitive indicator reaction for the automated glucose oxidase peroxidase coupled reaction. AB - A study into the substitution of sodium 2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonate for phenol in the indicator reaction for an automated glucose procedure is presented. Apart from having physical properties that are more conducive to easy handling than phenol, the former material affords considerably more sensitivity than does the latter. Results obtained with either of these glucose oxidase coupled systems demonstrate good correlation not only with each other but also with the glucose oxidase procedure of the Beckman Astra 8. PMID- 6661817 TI - Second International Congress on Pediatric Laboratory Medicine. Toronto, Canada. 30 May-2 June 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6661818 TI - Effect of parathyroid hormone and uremic sera on the autoagglutination and sedimentation of human red blood cells. AB - Parathyroid hormone (PTH) caused a dramatic acceleration of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). This effect was calcium dependent and was partially reversed by verapamil. It was not mimicked by 5 mumol/l calcium ionophore A 23187. Following the removal of PTH from the cell suspension the ESR returned to normal. PTH also caused haemagglutination, the reaction was Ca2+ dependent, pH dependent and was partially reversed by verapamil. High levels of Ca2+ ionophore A-23187 mimicked this phenomenon. Magnesium ions even at concentrations of 5 mmol/l did not replace Ca2+, while Ca2+ at concentrations of 3 mmol/l and above caused haemagglutination. The glycolytic inhibitor NaF at levels of 1 mmol/l did not inhibit haemagglutination. The polyamines pertusin and spermidin, prostaglandins PGE2 and PGF, and the calcium hormone calcitonin, did not reproduce the PTH effect. Dialysate from serum of patients with chronic renal failure and hyperparathyroidism caused haemagglutination, while dialysate from patients with chronic renal failure following parathyroidectomy and normal individuals did not cause this phenomenon. It seems that abnormal erythrocyte behaviour seen in patients with chronic renal failure is caused by PTH which leads to modified Ca2+ metabolism in these cells. PMID- 6661819 TI - A sensitive radioassay for biotinidase activity: deficient activity in tissues of serum biotinidase-deficient individuals. AB - A new, sensitive radioassay for the determination of biotinidase activity was developed which measures the release of [14C-carboxyl]-p-aminobenzoate from N biotinyl-[14C-carboxyl]-p-aminobenzoate. Biotinidase activity in serum from normal individuals is comparable to that determined by the colorimetric assay, but the radioassay is approximately 100 times more sensitive. Biotinidase deficiency was confirmed in the serum of patients who were previously shown to have reduced activities by the colorimetric assay. Although biotinidase activity was not detectable in extracts of normal peripheral blood leukocytes and fibroblasts using the colorimetric assay, activities could be measured by the radioassay. Using this method we demonstrated deficient biotinidase activity in extracts of leukocytes and fibroblasts from affected patients. PMID- 6661820 TI - The radioimmunoassay of human placental protein 14 (PP14). AB - The development and validation of a radioimmunoassay for the measurement of human placental protein 14 in maternal serum is described. The mean concentration of this protein in serum from 22 normal pregnant women showed a decline during the third trimester from 120 micrograms/l at 27 weeks gestation to 65 micrograms/l at term. Serum samples from 16 patients with intra-uterine growth retardation tended to contain lower concentrations of placental protein 14, these results reaching significance at weeks 36-38 of gestation. Of seven patients with pre-eclampsia from whom two or more blood samples were taken, four showed increases in concentration of this protein as pregnancy proceeded, compared with the normal pattern of decreasing values. PMID- 6661821 TI - Environmental effects on urinary volumes, biochemical constituents and their inter-relation. AB - This study has found low 24-h urine volumes in British expatriates in Saudi Arabia and suggests the possibility of urate stone formation in spite of the air conditioned environment in which they were living. Urine volume was shown to be significantly correlated with calcium excretion in both sexes and to urate and sodium in males. Differences in 24-h urine concentrations of some but not all constituents between British-born subjects living in Britain and Saudi Arabia have been demonstrated. PMID- 6661822 TI - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. IFCC methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes. Part 5. IFCC method for alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase, alkaline optimum, EC 3.1.3.1). IFCC Document Stage 2, Draft 1, 1983-03 with a view to an IFCC Recommendation. PMID- 6661823 TI - Subcutaneous liposarcoma. PMID- 6661825 TI - The effect of UV irradiation and photochemotherapy (PUVA) on histamine weal and flare in human skin. PMID- 6661824 TI - Skin cysts in the basal cell naevus syndrome. PMID- 6661826 TI - Congenital malalignment of the big toe-nail as a cause of ingrowing toe-nail in infancy. Pathology and treatment (a study of thirty cases). PMID- 6661827 TI - A case of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler infection of the knee. PMID- 6661828 TI - Treatment of systematized verrucous epidermal naevus by aromatic retinoid (Ro. 10 9359). PMID- 6661829 TI - Warts as a presenting sign in acanthosis nigricans. PMID- 6661830 TI - Generalized pruritus in a baby as a presenting feature of the arteriohepatic dysplasia syndrome. PMID- 6661831 TI - M-mode and two-dimensional contrast echocardiography in adult patients with atrial septal defects. AB - M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic studies, with and without contrast injection, were performed in 14 adult patients with clinical and radiological signs of atrial septal defects. Two-dimensional contrast echocardiography was found to be the most sensitive technique, allowing a definitive diagnosis to be made noninvasively in 12 patients (86%) of those patients studied. M-mode contrast echocardiography demonstrated an atrial shunt in 6 patients (43%). Regular two-dimensional echocardiography produced a high proportion of false positive and false-negative results, while the findings on M-mode echocardiography are sensitive but nonspecific. All 14 patients described had the diagnosis confirmed on cardiac catheterization. Performance of the Valsalva maneuver during contrast echocardiography was found to be diagnostically unhelpful. The findings suggest that contrast echocardiography, particularly two dimensional, is an effective, noninvasive diagnostic technique to be applied on clinical suspicion of atrial septal defects. PMID- 6661832 TI - Surgical treatment of ventricular septal rupture and mitral regurgitation complicating acute myocardial infarction: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Coexisting ventricular septal rupture (VSR) and severe mitral regurgitation following myocardial infarction is rare; only ten cases have been documented in the English literature. Present refinements in myocardial preservation and surgical techniques have markedly improved the results of surgery in this group of desperately ill patients. Early repair of both lesions is advocated and exemplified by a case report. PMID- 6661834 TI - Cervicography. AB - Cervicography represents a natural development of colposcopy and replaces subjective colposcopic evaluation with objective cervicographic assessment. It is a situation similar to radiology many years ago. Radiologists used to sit in front of the sciascopic screen to screen chests for disease. Today, the sciascopic screening has been almost completely replaced by evaluation of a chest x-ray film. I believe that in the future, subjective colposcopic examination will be replaced in most cases by objective cervicographic assessment. PMID- 6661833 TI - Acute massive (pericardial effusive) pulmonary thromboembolism--pulmonary embolectomy revisited. AB - The most recent patient in a 13-year experience with 14 patients suffering massive pulmonary thromboembolism requiring pulmonary thromboembolectomy is the focus of this report. This 40-year-old woman not only survived life-threatening acute hypoxemia and right heart failure, but was also found to have developed a unique transudative 700 cc pericardial effusion. Pulmonary artery pressure was 90/30 (mean 50 mmHg), accompanied by 17 mm right ventricular alternans. Systemic alternans and tamponade physiology were absent. This unusual natural model for acute right heart failure illustrates a novel mechanism for pericardial effusion physiology. PMID- 6661835 TI - Anesthesia in the pregnant woman. AB - Obviously, the necessity for surgery and anesthesia during pregnancy has the potential for tragedy in terms of fetal wastage. Modern anesthesia and surgery have overcome the major problems, present at the turn of the century, of maternal morbidity and mortality associated with anesthesia and surgery on the pregnant patient. There is no evidence that a single acute exposure to modern anesthetic agents precludes a successful pregnancy. Aggressive use of modern monitoring techniques for both mother and fetus, together with sensitivity to the very real personal tragedy for the expectant mother who must undergo urgent or emergency surgery, seems to be the best approach for us to take. PMID- 6661836 TI - Appendicitis in pregnancy. PMID- 6661837 TI - Biliary tract disease and related surgical disorders during pregnancy. PMID- 6661838 TI - Intestinal obstruction in pregnancy. PMID- 6661839 TI - Surgical diseases of the ovary in pregnancy. PMID- 6661840 TI - Surgical diseases of the breast during pregnancy. AB - Physicians caring for women with diseases of the breast are well aware of the time lost before many patients consult their physicians. Nowhere is this more apparent than when a breast mass is associated with gestation or lactation. Enlargement of the breast tends to obscure parenchymal masses. Those that are found are too readily attributed to normal hypertrophy, abscess, or resolving fibrocystic disease. In this review we have attempted to focus on the earlier diagnosis and treatment of breast masses in pregnancy. Prompt needle aspiration will elucidate the solid or cystic nature of a mass. A simple cyst or a galactocele can be diagnosed by the fluid obtained. Solid lesions can be further investigated by fine-needle aspiration for cytologic study. Cytologically equivocal lesions should be subjected to excisional biopsy using local anesthesia. Cancerous lesions occurring during pregnancy should be treated promptly by mastectomy. The outlook for these patients, if treated before metastases occur, is comparable to that for nonpregnant patients. Pregnancy need not be terminated unless disseminated cancer is present and chemotherapy is necessary on an urgent basis. PMID- 6661841 TI - Traumatic injuries during pregnancy. PMID- 6661842 TI - Thromboembolic complications of pregnancy. AB - Physiologic changes in clotting parameters and venous flow during pregnancy increase the likelihood of deep venous thrombosis. Conditions that place the pregnant patient at a higher risk include a previous history of thromboembolic disease and surgery or bedrest for any reason during the pregnancy. In the high risk patient, prophylactic therapy with low-dose heparin is advised beginning around the 34th week of pregnancy and continuing until 4-6 weeks after delivery. The clinical diagnosis of thrombophlebitis or pulmonary embolus is unreliable and should be confirmed objectively before therapy is started. During pregnancy, doppler ultrasound and impedance plethysmography should be the first-line diagnostic tests, but one should seek confirmation with venography if in doubt. The preferred method of therapy for the acute thrombolic event is full anticoagulation with continuous intravenous heparin from 7-10 days, followed by therapy with subcutaneous heparin for the remainder of the pregnancy and the puerperium, although there is considerable controversy regarding long-term therapy. Fibrinolytic agents have little place in pregnancy, and surgical therapy should be reserved for the critically ill patient only. PMID- 6661843 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of intraepithelial cervical neoplasia. PMID- 6661844 TI - False-negative cytology in invasive cancer of the cervix. AB - The mainstay of early diagnosis of CIN is exfoliative cytologic screening of the cervicovaginal area. The Achilles heel in this tremendously valuable screening process is the high false negativity rate. The false negativity rate can be diminished by rigid adherence to indications for screening, screening technique, proper interpretation and reporting, and utilization, where indicated, of adjunctive diagnostic methods such as multiple biopsy, colposcopy, and maintenance of the annual screening schedule in the majority of patients. PMID- 6661845 TI - Vascular changes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma. PMID- 6661846 TI - Cone biopsy in the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 6661847 TI - The Semm cold coagulator in the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 6661848 TI - Functional and structural cell differentiation. PMID- 6661849 TI - Quack cancer cures or scientific remedies? PMID- 6661850 TI - Pre-operative versus postoperative irradiation in stage I carcinoma of the endometrium. AB - A retrospective analysis of 180 cases with clinical stage I endometrial carcinoma was done in an attempt to determine the role of pre- versus postoperative irradiation (RT). One hundred and forty-eight patients were treated pre operatively and 32 patients received postoperative irradiation. The incidence of middle and outer 1/3 myometrial invasion was 7% and 4% in the pre-operative RT versus 28% and 31% in the postoperative RT group, respectively. Three percent of the pre-operative RT group and 28% of the post-operative RT patients were found to have a higher pathological stage at the time of hysterectomy. The overall five year actuarial survival rate in the pre- and postoperative irradiation groups was 88% and 75% (p = 0.128) respectively. The 10 year survival in the pre-operative RT group was 84% versus 51% (p = 0.056) in the postoperative RT patients. There was a significant improvement (p = 0.006) in ten year actuarial survival of patients with hysterectomy specimen free of malignancy (97%) as compared to (70%) survival of patients with residual diseases. The overall failure rate was lower (9%) in the pre-operative RT as compared to 28% in the postoperative RT group (p = 0.02) with pelvic recurrences of 2% and 13%, respectively (p = 0.01). The major complication rate was 3% in the pre-operative RT versus none in the postoperative RT group. The rate of complications correlated with the dose and technique of irradiation. Our results suggest that pre-operative irradiation decreases the depth of myometrial invasion and the rate of pelvic recurrences, lowers the pathological stage and probably increases the survival compared with postoperative irradiation. PMID- 6661851 TI - Distribution of lymphocyte subsets following radiation therapy directed to different body regions. AB - Local radiation therapy may severely deplete the recirculating pool of lymphocytes as manifested by a reduction of blood lymphocyte counts. There is considerable controversy, however, concerning the changes of the distributions of subsets of blood lymphocytes during the acute and late phases after irradiation. This report provides evidence that radiation therapy directed to different anatomic sites may change the distribution of subsets of blood lymphocytes in different ways. For instance, during the acute phase after radiation therapy for breast cancer there is a more extensive reduction of the proportion of lymphocytes with receptors for C3 than that of lymphocytes with receptors for sheep erythrocytes (characteristics of B- and T-cells respectively). Such a difference, however, was not observed in groups of patients receiving pelvic irradiation. The controversy in the literature concerning the distribution of lymphocyte subsets after irradiation may thus in part be due to the fact that the patients examined have received radiation therapy to different body regions. PMID- 6661852 TI - High affinity rosette tests in patients having colonoscopy. AB - Depression of high affinity rosette tests, mediated by serum factors, has been demonstrated previously in pre-malignant disease of the uterine cervix. Patients having colonoscopy were studied to determine whether similar serum changes would permit identification of patients with adenomatous polyps. No clinically useful changes were detected. PMID- 6661853 TI - Liver blood flow studies during local hyperthermia. An experimental study in rats. AB - Regional blood flow in rat liver and in inoculated liver tumors was studied before, during and after local hyperthermia treatment at 42.0 degrees C for one hour. Hyperthermia was induced by microwave irradiation of the central liver lobe. The method used for blood flow studies was the clearance of Xenon-133 following portal and intraparenchymal injection. The wash-out curves were analyzed by using a bi-exponential approach where k1 and k2 represented the individual curve slope of the two components. The fast component, k1, was considered to denote the relative liver blood flow. There was no difference in blood flow (k1) between tumor and normal parenchyma before heating. During local hyperthermia of the liver lobe an overall statistically significant decrease in relative blood flow occurred. In normal liver parenchyma a statistically significant increase in blood flow occurred within 30 min after concluded hyperthermia with a return to prehyperthermic values. Intratumoral blood flow did not increase in the posthyperthermic period. The decrease in relative blood flow in the liver parenchyma during hyperthermia may be one explanation for liver sensitivity to hyperthermia treatment. Local hyperthermia may impair the tumor capillary network with a decreased blood flow and alteration in the intratumoral environment as a result. PMID- 6661854 TI - Tumour cellularity, oestrogen receptors and prognosis in breast cancer. AB - One hundred and thirty-seven patients with operable breast cancer have been treated by mastectomy and node sampling. At the time of operation, portions of tumour were taken for determination of oestrogen receptor activity. In 91 cases adjacent tissue was taken for fixation and histological assessment of malignant epithelial cell content ('cellularity index'). The patients were followed for two years or more, or until first recurrence or death. Prognosis (probability of staying disease-free) was significantly better in patients whose tumours contained receptors than in those whose tumours were receptor-negative (p less than 0.03). However, the best prognosis was in patients with low receptor positive tumours. Those with highest values had a prognosis almost as poor as patients with receptor-negative tumours. In addition, a new finding emerged: prognosis was better in patients with tumours of low cellularity than in those with tumours of high cellularity (p less than 0.04). Since, for receptor-positive tumours, receptor level was also significantly correlated with cellularity (R = +0.35, p less than 0.01), the relationship between prognosis and receptor level was re-examined after 'correction' of the latter quantity for differences in cellularity: on this basis, again prognosis was better in patients with receptor positive tumours (p less than 0.02), but there was no longer a tendency for any one sub-group of patients with receptor-positive tumours to fare better than the rest. It is concluded that prognosis in operable breast cancer is related to oestrogen receptor activity (either per mg weight, or per cell) and to cellularity. PMID- 6661855 TI - The errors of thymidine labelling in breast cancer. AB - The site to site error and reproducibility of counting error have been assessed in the routine thymidine labelling of breast cancer. Despite modifications of technique designed to minimize these errors both were found to be inaccurate to within 0.5 labelling index %. Since the majority of tumours had labelling indices below 2% this measurement is not a critical determinant of tumour behaviour. PMID- 6661856 TI - Hypocalcaemia--an unusual complication of successful chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. AB - Three cases of metastatic carcinoma of the breast are described in patients who presented with hypercalcaemia. They achieved an excellent regression of their disease with combination chemotherapy but despite this they clinically deteriorated. Investigation showed them to be hypocalcaemic due to temporary hypoparathyroidism. Correction of their serum calcium resulted in good symptomatic relief. The possible mechanisms for these changes are discussed and we feel that this unusual complication of successful chemotherapy should be remembered when patients fail to improve symptomatically despite a good disease response. PMID- 6661857 TI - A case of colonic metastasis from a primary renal pelvic carcinoma. AB - A case is presented of colonic metastasis presenting as intestinal obstruction in a patient seven years after nephroureterectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. PMID- 6661858 TI - Human prostatic tissue enzymes. PMID- 6661859 TI - [Case of hyperprolactinemia as a manifestation of a thrombosed giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery]. PMID- 6661860 TI - [Denervation potentials observed in electrocardiography of neurogenic muscular atrophy--an electromyographic observation]. PMID- 6661861 TI - [Recurrent aseptic meningitis following influenza vaccination in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6661864 TI - [Successful surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism with various neurological complications]. PMID- 6661863 TI - [Familial dystonia with atrophy of the putamen and caudate nuclei detected by CT scan--biochemical study of catecholamine metabolism]. PMID- 6661862 TI - [Isolated case of juvenile Alzheimer's disease with recurrent myoclonus and the presence of amyloid plaques and grumose alteration in the cerebellum]. PMID- 6661865 TI - [Optic ataxia--semiological observation and review of the literature]. PMID- 6661866 TI - [Case of unusual myopathy associated with diabetes and gynecomastia and simulating spinal muscular atrophy of the Kennedy-Alter-Sung type]. PMID- 6661868 TI - [Case of adrenoleukodystrophy presenting as spinocerebellar degeneration]. PMID- 6661867 TI - [Mitochondrial myopathy with increased blood lactate and pyruvate levels among siblings in familial thiamine deficiency]. PMID- 6661869 TI - [CT findings in 3 cases of syringomyelia]. PMID- 6661870 TI - [Insomnia in patients with pituitary adenomas]. PMID- 6661871 TI - [Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the internal carotid artery--2 cases with suspected involvement of an estrogen or ergot preparation]. PMID- 6661872 TI - [Case of progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (Engelmann) presenting with trigeminal neuropathy and hearing disorder]. PMID- 6661873 TI - [Muscle structural proteins of the opaque fibers in Duchenne type muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 6661875 TI - [Use of new compound with thiamine activity in the treatment of peripheral neuropathies of rheumatologic significance]. PMID- 6661874 TI - [Familial occurrence of Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy and limb girdle syndrome]. PMID- 6661876 TI - [Psychiatric and psychometric study of a group of headache patients treated with antidepressives]. PMID- 6661877 TI - [The kidney in pregnancy]. PMID- 6661878 TI - [Effects of arabinoside adenine in chronic HBsAg-positive hepatitis]. PMID- 6661879 TI - [Vaccines, sera and pregnancy]. PMID- 6661880 TI - [Kaposi's disease and toxoplasmosis: an occasional association? Etiopathogenic, clinical and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 6661882 TI - [Clinico-statistical study in patients with an arthrosis-osteoporosis picture in its painful stage treated with synthetic salmon calcitonin]. PMID- 6661881 TI - [Incidence of undesirable effects in long-term treatment with amiodarone]. PMID- 6661883 TI - [Clinical considerations on the appropriate selection of hypotensive drugs in old age]. PMID- 6661884 TI - [Pickwick syndrome: clinical and therapeutic experiences]. PMID- 6661885 TI - [Soybean lecithin in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic pathologies]. PMID- 6661886 TI - [Behavior of platelet aggregation during therapy with nifedipine]. PMID- 6661887 TI - [Cases of sepsis in the Institute of Infective Diseases of the University of Perugia (1971-1981): etiologic agents, sepsigenic foci and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6661888 TI - [New pathogenetic and therapeutic orientations in headache]. PMID- 6661889 TI - [Prevention of alopecia caused by anti-mitotic agents]. PMID- 6661890 TI - [Therapy of gout and hyperuricemia]. PMID- 6661891 TI - [Chronic constipation: problems of diagnosis for a correct therapeutic orientation]. PMID- 6661893 TI - [Chiromorphoergometry and chirophotogrammetry in monitoring non-steroid anti inflammatory agents]. PMID- 6661892 TI - [Flurbiprofen and ketoprofen per os and rectum: efficacy and tolerability in spondyloarthrosis]. PMID- 6661896 TI - [Treatment of irritable colon]. PMID- 6661895 TI - [Non-hormonal therapy of diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 6661897 TI - Light pulses entrain the circadian activity rhythm of a diurnal rodent (Ammospermophilus leucurus). AB - Circadian rhythms of wheel-running activity of the antelope ground squirrel (Ammospermophilus leucurus) were entrained by light-dark cycles (LD: 100 1x vs total darkness) with periods (T) between ca 23.75 and 24.75 hr. Two 1-hr light pulses per cycle ('skeleton photoperiods') with T = 24.25 hr as well as one 1-hr light pulse per cycle with Ts of 23.75 and 24.25 hr were effective in entraining the circadian activity rhythms in at least 50% of the antelope ground squirrels. Phase and period responses to single 1-hr light pulses were measured which depend on the initial phase and period of the rhythm. It is concluded that discrete (phasic) light input contributes to the mechanism of entrainment to LD cycles in diurnal rodents. PMID- 6661894 TI - [Use of plasmapheresis in diseases of immunologic pathogenesis]. PMID- 6661898 TI - Ketone bodies in cold-acclimated rats. AB - Acclimation temperature (28 or 5 degrees C) modifies acetoacetate (AA) and beta hydroxybutyrate (BOH) levels in blood and liver. In the fed state AA and BOH levels were increased in blood and liver of 5 degrees C adapted rats. In the fasting state (24 or 48 hr) an antiketotic action of cold acclimation was observed. It was found to be more pronounced with high fat diet. These effects were more marked in the blood than in the liver. The variations in ketonemia are discussed with relation to the role of liver in cold adapted rats. PMID- 6661899 TI - Biosynthesis of pulmonary glycoconjugates--V. Biosynthesis of oligosaccharide inner core region of N-glycoprotein in lung microsomes. AB - Lung microsomes are able to synthesize dolichyl-mannosyl-phosphate, which stimulates the biosynthesis of a product (P1), soluble in chloroform/methanol/water (10:10:3, v/v). In presence of pulmonary dolichyl mannosyl-phosphate, liver microsomes synthesized 3 mannosylated products: X1 product recovered in chloroform/methanol extract, X2 and X3 products soluble in chloroform/methanol/water (10:10:3, v/v). Mild acid hydrolysis of P1 product released one mannosylated oligosaccharide which remained at the origin in our solvent system, since two mannosylated oligosaccharides, released from products synthesized in liver, moved very slowly. Addition of N,N'-diacetyl [14C]chitobiosyl-pyrophosphoryl-dolichol to lung microsomes incubated with GDP [3H]mannose stimulated the synthesis of a [3H, 14C]product extracted with chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v). Mild acid hydrolysis of this product released [3H, 14C]oligosaccharide which moved very slowly on paper chromatography, in our solvent system. These results demonstrate that lung tissue can synthesize the oligosaccharide inner core region of N-glycoprotein with the sequence (Man)x (GlcNac)2. But pulmonary dolichol pool is probably involved in other lipid biosynthesis pathways. PMID- 6661901 TI - Evidence for the homology of hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase: comparison of the amino acid compositions. AB - Amino acid compositions of hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase from crucian carp and rat, and that of sea-urchin glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were compared in order to ascertain if they are homologous enzymes. The results demonstrated that the overall amino acid compositions of the two enzymes remarkably resemble each other, and that the composition divergence (D = 0.038) of the crucian carp enzymes is in the range of those for homologous proteins so far reported. These findings strongly support our previous prediction that the two enzymes have diverged from a common ancestral molecule. PMID- 6661900 TI - Phosphorylation of a 25,000-dalton protein in slow and fast muscles of the chicken. AB - Protein phosphorylation in intact chicken latissimus dorsi muscle, slow anterior (ALD) and fast posterior (PLD), was compared. A major difference in [32P]phosphate incorporation was found between the ALD and PLD in a 25,000-dalton heat soluble protein. The 25,000-dalton protein was purified from both the ALD and PLD. The two proteins had similar amino acid composition and both contained approximately 1 mole phosphate per mole of protein. The difference in their content of radioactive phosphate was determined to be due to faster turnover in the ALD. PMID- 6661902 TI - Effect of oral administration of fructose on purine nucleotide metabolism in rats. AB - Oral administration of fructose (4 g/kg body wt) accelerated the production of uric acid and allantoin in rat liver. Changes in the concentrations of various metabolites in the liver after the administration of fructose suggested that this was due to the acceleration of AMP degradation induced by the rapid fall in adenylate energy charge resulted from rapid phosphorylation of fructose with ATP. PMID- 6661903 TI - Effect of diet on blood selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity in the alligator. AB - Four groups of immature alligators were fed diets of ground nutria (Myocastor coypus) meat; ground fish (Merluccius spp); nutria plus sodium selenite; and fish plus sodium selenite. Plasma selenium, plasma glutathione peroxidase and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured in blood samples taken 10 days before and at 18, 39 and 60 days after initiating the diets. Selenium concentration and plasma GSH-Px activity remained at low levels in the group fed nutria alone, but increased significantly in the groups fed fish alone, nutria plus selenite and fish plus selenite. Plasma selenium and GSH-Px activity showed a high degree of correlation (r = 0.944). Erythrocyte GSH-Px activity was more variable than the plasma enzyme activity, but increased significantly in the groups fed nutria plus selenite and fish plus selenite by 39 days. In the groups fed fish alone enzyme activity was significantly higher than the group fed nutria alone only at 60 days. PMID- 6661906 TI - Serum proteins of wild turkey vultures (Cathartes aura). AB - We separated and identified the major serum proteins of turkey vultures (Cathartes aura): albumin, HDL, LDL, IgG and M, transferrin, alpha 2M and putatively, IgA, ceruloplasmin and fibronectin. Turkey vulture HDL and LDL had similar electrophorectic mobility and solution properties as those from gallinaceous birds. Turkey vulture IgG and M, and their subunits, had molecular weights comparable to other birds. Serum IgG and M levels in wild turkey vultures were within the range of values reported for domestic avian species. PMID- 6661904 TI - Protein profile of the myelin membrane of the fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus. AB - Integral membrane protein composition of the myelin membrane from normal and vitamin B12-deficient fruit bats has been compared with that of the rat. Purified myelin from the fruit bat shows only one basic protein which co-migrates with the large basic protein of the rat, and thus presents a pattern similar to that of the guinea pig. No gross differences were seen in the protein patterns from normal and vitamin B12-deficient animals. Bats between 4-10 days and 10-20 days post partum were also investigated. PMID- 6661905 TI - Application of a quick, simple and direct radiometric assay for 4-aminobutyrate:2 oxoglutarate aminotransferase to studies of the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. AB - A preparation of rat brain was used to develop a quick and simple radiometric assay for 4-aminobutyrate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GABA-T), an important enzyme in neural tissue of vertebrates and invertebrates. Application of the methodology to the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis revealed that a soluble preparation of partially purified GABA-T could be recovered in high yield. This enzyme had a specific activity comparable to that observed in rat brain after similar treatment, was very stable when frozen, depended for activity upon tightly-bound pyridoxal 5-phosphate, had an apparent molecular weight of 72,000 and was strongly inhibited by NaCl. The inhibition was competitive with 4 aminobutyrate (Ki = 20 mM) but uncompetitive with 2-oxoglutarate (Ki = 160 mM). PMID- 6661907 TI - Microcomputer evaluation of cerebral blood flow velocity studies in the neonate. AB - A semi-automated system for evaluation of Doppler cerebral blood flow studies obtained from newborn infants is described. A low cost digitizer is used to convert the graphic data from the flow tracing to digital data. A small business computer is used to analyze the data and produce a chartable report. The reliability of the digitizer is also evaluated. PMID- 6661909 TI - Spectral analysis of Doppler ultrasonic flow signals by a personal computer. AB - This paper describes a method of performing spectral analysis on Doppler acoustical signals from peripheral blood vessels with the use of an Apple II plus personal computer. Digitization is accomplished with a commercially available analog-to-digital converter. The data are transformed with a fast Fourier technique, and the resultant information is plotted by an inexpensive X-Y plotter and/or on a television receiver. PMID- 6661908 TI - Computer methodology for simulation and prediction of alloimmune responses: expected antibody specificities. AB - The methodology presented here was developed for simulating planned alloimmunization results, with regard to the type and number of expected antibody specificities. The computer program designed for this purpose was adapted to an immunogenetic model using Boolean algebra. It was written to help immunogeneticists avoid handling routine data preceding selection of donor recipient pairs, specially concerning blood type alloimmunizations in animals: all of the donor-recipient combinations and the expected antibody specificities (their limit number being specified in each particular immunization program) are provided in the print-out. PMID- 6661910 TI - An integrated microprocessor-based system enhanced with graphics for the evaluation of slope-ratios and other flow-volume curve parameters. AB - A microprocessor-based system is developed to measure and analyse flow-volume curves produced from forced expiratory manoeuvres. The system evaluates the slope ratio parameter and displays it as a scaled plot against fractions of vital capacity together with a scaled plot of the flow-volume curves on a graphic display. Other conventional parameters and their predicted values are also calculated. Freedom is allowed for the operator to select or reject manoeuvres from several runs. The system is easily run and guided even by an operator with no programming knowledge. PMID- 6661911 TI - The posterior junction anatomy. AB - The anatomy of the posterior junction is more than just the well-recognized posterior junction line. It is helpful to consider this anatomy in terms of three components, each corresponding to a specific area. (a) The Line--Contact of the parietal and visceral pleural surfaces of the right and left lungs, usually anterior to thoracic vertebral bodies 3-5; (b) The Superior Recesses--Edges of lung contact with the mediastinum, usually anterior to thoracic vertebral bodies 1 and 2, which edges marginate a "V" shaped area above the posterior junction line; (c) The Inferior Recesses--Edges of lung contact with the mediastinum over the posterior azygos and aortic arches and in the vicinity of the superior intercostal veins, which edges marginate an inverted "V" shaped area. PMID- 6661912 TI - Cryopreservation of human bone marrow cells by a modification of the two-step cooling technique. AB - The first attempt to freeze human bone marrow cells with a two-step cooling method is reported. A simple and reliable way of obtaining stable first-step subzero freezing baths is described. One-milliliter samples each containing 20 X 10(6) bone marrow cells and 10% Me2SO were frozen in polypropylene cryotubes. Using these experimental conditions, the optimal freezing temperature was found to be in the range of -36 to 37.5 degrees C for BM progenitor cell (GM-CFC, CFUE, and BFUE) survival. Such temperatures were easily obtained in stable sludges of anisole or K2CO3 eutectic solution in water. The optimal holding time was 20 min before plunging tubes into liquid nitrogen. Similar or improved progenitor cell recoveries were observed compared with the conventional cooling technique. Adaptation of this two-step technique for the freezing of large volumes of BM cells for autografting is under investigation. PMID- 6661914 TI - Alteration of the electrophoretic mobility of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells following treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - Studies have been conducted to determine the effects of DMSO and freezing on the electrophoretic distribution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Sodium [51Cr]chromate was used to label the cells, and the distributions of cell number and cell-associated radioactivity were determined. Cells treated with DMSO had a narrower distribution of electrophoretic mobilities when compared with those not treated. DMSO-treated cells also demonstrated a more homogeneous distribution of radioactivity relative to the cell distribution than did the nontreated cells. The freezing of DMSO-treated cells did not result in any additional alteration of electrophoretic pattern compared to DMSO treatment alone. Analysis by linear categorization techniques indicated that the DMSO-treated and nontreated cells were completely distinguished by their electrophoretic behavior. PMID- 6661913 TI - Studies of cell separation: a comparison of the osmotic response of human lymphocytes and granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells. AB - The feasibility of using hypo- or hypertonic stress to selectively destroy lymphocytes while sparing stem cells was investigated. Lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and exposed to Hanks' balanced salt solutions ranging in concentration from 66 to 2700 mOsm. The Boyle-van't Hoff plot of cell volume versus reciprocal osmolality was linear. Following osmotic stress, viabilities of the lymphocytes and the granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells (CFUc) were determined. Lymphocyte viability was assessed by tritiated thymidine incorporation following mitogen stimulation. CFUc viability was measured with the soft agar colony assay. Both types of cells were found to possess high osmotic tolerances compared to other blood cells. While progenitor cells in general appeared to survive anisotonic exposure somewhat better than lymphocytes, significant statistical differences were not established for most situations. The highest degree of CFUc enrichment was twofold, but there was a concomitant 50% drop in CFUc survival. These results suggest that osmotic stress is not a useful procedure for the separation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and stem cells. PMID- 6661916 TI - Effects of changes in photoperiod on freezability of ram spermatozoa. AB - The effect of photoperiod on freezability of ram spermatozoa was evaluated in ejaculates collected over 52 weekly periods from two groups of rams housed in windowless rooms maintained under either a natural light regimen corresponding to latitude 45 degrees N or its reverse. The survival of spermatozoa after freezing of 0.5-ml straws at 15 degrees C/min, storage in liquid nitrogen, and thawing in a water bath at 39 degrees C was evaluated as freeze-thaw motility percentage and rating and as a cryosurvival percentage. Freeze-thaw motility percentage was highest during the decreasing photoperiod, regardless of season. Motility percentage after freezing was positively correlated with motility percentage before freezing (r = 0.40) and ejaculate osmolality (r = 0.41), and negatively correlated with percentage of abnormal spermatozoa (r = 0.46). Cryosurvival was significantly lower during the winter and spring seasons for semen collected from rams maintained under the natural light regimen. No significant differences in cryosurvival over the year were observed in semen collected from rams maintained under the reverse light regimen. Cryosurvival was positively correlated with ejaculate osmolality. The vigor of frozen-thawed spermatozoa, assessed as motility rating, was significantly lower during the increasing photoperiod for rams exposed to the natural light regimen. However, the motility rating of spermatozoa collected from rams under the reverse light did not differ significantly. PMID- 6661915 TI - Interactions of cooling rate, warming rate, glycerol concentration, and dilution procedure on the viability of frozen-thawed human granulocytes. AB - Difficulties in the successful freezing of human granulocytes could lie at two levels. One is that critical cryobiological variables have not yet been identified, the other is that the inconsistent results may be due to unusual biological aspects of the cell. This paper is concerned with the former. A prerequisite for the successful freezing of mammalian cells is the ability of the cell to tolerate cryoprotective levels of additive. The additive studied here was glycerol. Based on fluorescent staining with fluorescein diacetate, we found that 1 and 2 M concentrations are in fact chemically toxic at 22 degrees C. Superimposed on this toxicity is some osmotic sensitivity to the removal of the additive by other than slow dilution. The dilution procedure was selected on the basis of computer modeling of the osmotic response of the cells. The model requires a value for the permeability coefficient for glycerol. The value (4 X 10(-5) cm/min) was obtained by measuring the rate of increase of the volume of cells in hyperosmotic glycerol. The response of human granulocytes to freezing to -196 degrees C and thawing in 1 or 2 M glycerol was not unusual. The optimum cooling rate was 1-3 degrees C/min, and cooling at 10 degrees C/min or faster was especially deleterious if warming was slow (1 degree C/min) rather than rapid (188 degrees C/min). The FDA assay showed that some 75% of the cells survived freezing and thawing at optimum rates in 1 or 2 M glycerol; and some 50-60% remained viable after the glycerol had been removed, provided that the cells remained at 0 degrees C. However, granulocytes normally function at 37 degrees C. Because chemotaxis is considered a good assay of normal function, we developed a modified procedure capable of discriminating among random migration, enhanced random migration (chemokinesis), and directed cell migration (true chemotaxis). When frozen-thawed-diluted cells were incubated for 60 min at 37 degrees C, their survival, based both on the FDA assay and on the chemotaxis assay, was zero. In fact, a prior exposure of the cells to 2 M glycerol at 0 degrees C, even in the absence of freezing, resulted in a rapid loss in FDA viability when the cells were subsequently held at 37 degrees C for up to 60 min. Survivals based on FDA are usually reported to be considerably higher than survivals based on functional assays such as chemotaxis or phagocytosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6661917 TI - Ambient temperature dependence of the body temperature and of the duration of the hibernation periods in the garden dormouse, Eliomys quercinus L. AB - Hibernation pattern in the garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus) was studied at TA's of 0, 4, 6.5, and 9 degrees C during 6 months in each study winter. The animals were kept in darkness without food or water. Body temperature and the mean duration of the hibernation periods were ambient temperature dependent. The comparison of hibernation at different TA's was based on three features: the mean duration of the hibernation periods during the midwinter plateau, the existence of the initial and terminal phases with the changing length of the hibernation periods, and the differences between the sexes. The TA of 4 degrees C was the optimal TA for long-term hibernation. The difference between 4 degrees C and other TA's was greater in males. The TA's of 0 and 9 degrees C were near the lower and higher TA limits for long-term hibernation. Signs of the existence of a circannual rhythm were detected in the males toward the end of the hibernation season. PMID- 6661918 TI - The psychological effects of ionizing radiation. AB - This paper presents a case study of eleven men who were exposed to non-background ionizing radiation as active participants in the United States' atmospheric nuclear tests. Each of the subjects has developed a virtually identical complex of debilitating psychiatric symptoms. The content of these symptoms is almost entirely focused upon the health effects of the radiation to which each of the subjects was exposed. This symptom complex appears to comprise a syndrome. The symptom structure and course of this syndrome suggests three hypotheses: The syndrome appears to be a pathological development of the self diagnostic belief (that one has been physically harmed by radiation) into a set of symptoms that elaborate upon and express this belief. The self diagnostic belief develops as a means of resolving any one of the various medical mysteries that an individual can experience subsequent to exposure to radiation. Development of the syndrome is a consequence of exposure to non-background ionizing radiation. The paper discusses the evidence for these hypotheses and suggests future research directions. PMID- 6661919 TI - Variations in problem conceptualizations and intended solutions among Hong Kong students. AB - Cognitive schema were used to explain health and illness behaviors among Chinese students. University students in Hong Kong were asked to attribute causes and suggest solutions to five health/mental health problems: Weakness/Fatigue, Tension/Anxiety, Sleep Difficulty, Hollow/Emptiness, and Headache. The patterns of endorsement on the causal and solution categories used for the five problems were compared using a new asymptotic chi-squared test. The response patterns were found to be significantly different across the five problems. Each problem was attributed to multiple causes including psychological, social, situational, somatic, and existential factors. The intended solutions were often related to the nature of the causal attributions especially when the problems were mild. In lay help-seeking, the Hong Kong students would attempt a variety of self-help measures. However, for professional consultation, the medical doctor would be the primary care professional the students would turn to for most of the problems except in the case of Hollow/Emptiness. PMID- 6661920 TI - Astrological counseling in contemporary India. AB - Astrological counseling constitutes an important but relatively unexplored sector of India's medical and psychiatric traditions. The present paper provides a critique of studies of divination-as-therapy and presents a symbolic or phenomenological approach to the analysis of astrology as a form of situation focused counseling. Three arts of medicine--the art of dialogue, the art of prediction, and the art of remedy--organize the therapeutic effectiveness of the counseling session. In analyzing these arts, the discussion extends the idea of performative efficacy by developing the concept of "therapeutic space," defining it as the topographical framework which encompasses both the scene of the advisory session and the scene of the client's everyday life. The experiential continuities which are established in this space are constituted through imaginal activity, which is indigenously understood as "picturing" the client's situation. The discussion focuses on the text of an advisory session between an astrologer and his politician-client in the city of Banaras. PMID- 6661921 TI - Design and analysis issues in the cross-cultural evaluation of psychotherapies. AB - Psychotherapies and cultures cannot be made experimentally independent because important input, process, and outcome variables essentially involve participants' meanings, emics, which are not naturally invariant across cultures. Factor analysis can be helpful in describing the analogues of a specific psychotherapy in several cultures once relevant emic variables have been developed for each culture. The special problems of cross-cultural research complicate the usual problems of psychotherapy research, those of defining outcome and specific therapies and of measuring the response function of outcome to the various amounts of the therapy. However, the special problems of cross-cultural research, of meaning variation, also exist in intracultural psychotherapy research, though they have received little notice. PMID- 6661922 TI - Metaphors of glaucoma. AB - In a phenomenological study of glaucoma as an illness, 31 patients were interviewed. The goal of the study was an explication of the meanings of the experience of glaucoma, in a twofold sense: (1) the face, the role, or the self of the patient that responds to the illness; (2) the visage that the illness presents to the patient. This twofold explication was achieved by generating a classification of the interviews in terms of the dominant metaphor that emerged in each interview. The following basic metaphors are presented through case material: glaucoma as an accompaniment of aging, as blindness, as pressure, as an abstraction (and a weapon), and as fate. Variations on these themes demonstrate the necessity, in such work and for enhanced communication with patients, of paying attention to both the face that the illness presents and to the self that responds. PMID- 6661923 TI - The rhetoric of transformation in ritual healing. AB - The problem of reconciling accounts of religious healing from the points of view of comparative religion and medicine suggests the necessity of an interpretive or hermeneutic approach to the analysis of therapeutic process. This paper, in the context of examining psychotherapeutic ritual among Catholic Pentecostals, formulates an interpretive approach in which healing is conceived as a form of discourse that is both religious and psychiatric. This discourse embodies a cultural rhetoric capable of performing three essential persuasive tasks: to create a predisposition to be healed, to create the experience of spiritual empowerment, and to create the concrete perception of personal transformation. It is shown that this threefold process activates and controls healing processes endogenous to the supplicant in healing, and either redirects the supplicant's attention toward new aspects of his actions and experiences, or alters the manner in which he attends to accustomed aspects of those actions and experiences. The result is the creation of both a new phenomenological world, and new self-meaning for the supplicant as a whole and holy person. PMID- 6661924 TI - Mental health services and traditional healing in Indonesia: are the roles compatible? AB - This study reports on the presentation of illness complaints by 90 individuals to nine traditional healers in three Indonesian cities. Focus is on the nature of problems, client explanations and expectations, healer treatment and subsequent outcome as judged by clients. Selected clients were observed and interviewed by a psychiatrist and one other health professional, and followed in a subsequent home visit. Complaints were categorized according to dimensions of acuteness and chronicity of problem, presumed self-limited characteristics, and psychological, general medical and other factors. Sixty-five percent of all clients had received prior treatment for the same problem in a biomedical health care setting. The study holds practical implications for policies regarding relations between health and mental health services and traditional healers in Indonesia. PMID- 6661925 TI - Thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction. AB - Thrombotic coronary artery occlusion is now recognized as the usual cause of acute myocardial infarction. The thrombus usually forms at the site of intimal disruption over an atherosclerotic plaque. Following coronary occlusion, myocardial necrosis begins within 40 minutes in the subendocardium and progresses outward toward the epicardium over the next several hours. The intracoronary infusion of streptokinase will produce lysis of the occluding thrombus in up to 80% of patients. It appears that reperfusion with streptokinase in the first few hours following the onset of the myocardial infarction produces a small increase in late left ventricular function, though ECG and enzyme evidence of acute myocardial infarction are not prevented. The improvement in left ventricular function is variable from patient to patient and has not been demonstrated in all the randomized studies to date. The time limit for myocardial salvage may not be the same in all patients. The greatest benefit is probably achieved with reperfusion in the first 4-6 hours, although some benefit may occur as late as 18 hours after the onset of infarction. Many patients who receive intracoronary infusion of streptokinase develop a systemic lytic state, though serious bleeding complications in carefully selected patients are infrequent. High-dose IV streptokinase is easier, cheaper, and quicker to initiate than intracoronary streptokinase but is probably less effective than the intracoronary route in producing rapid lysis of the occluding coronary thrombus. The optimal dose and rate of administration of IV streptokinase have not been determined. The final role and ultimate benefit of thrombolytic therapy of myocardial infarction have not yet been determined, but some of the issues may be clarified by the larger randomized trials now under way. It appears, at present, that the use of intracoronary streptokinase may have a role in the treatment of selected patients with acute myocardial infarctions in institutions with the facilities and the personnel necessary to perform this procedure safely. In the future, thrombolytic therapy may also have a place in the treatment of selected patients with unstable angina and post-myocardial infarction angina. The future availability of more selective thrombolytic agents may make the early IV therapy of myocardial infarction a safer, more effective option and expand the indications for thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 6661926 TI - Sex determination in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla, L.). A hypothesis based on cytogenetic results, correlated with the findings of skewed sex ratios in eel culture ponds. AB - Metaphase chromosomes from cultured blood cells of female, male, and hermaphroditic European eels were analyzed. In addition, both gonads from each of the specimens were examined microscopically to ensure correct sexing. The karyological investigation revealed that in some of the specimens a heteromorphic chromosome pair was present. This heteromorphism appeared in both sexes and in the hermaphrodite. C-banding and silver nitrate staining demonstrated that the heteromorphism was due to quantitative differences in constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolar organizing regions in the short arm of chromosome 8. In G-banded preparations it was demonstrated that, except for the heteromorphism mentioned, the karyotypes from both sexes and the hermaphrodite were identical. With the G-band technique it was also easily demonstrated that both the largest metacentric (No. 1) and the smallest metacentric (No. 11) had homologs. Therefore, in contrast to some earlier reports which claimed that these two chromosomes were a heteromorphic pair of sex chromosomes, it is concluded that Anguilla anguilla has no heteromorphic sex chromosomes. The implication of these findings are discussed in relation to the many reports of strongly skewed sex ratios found in commercial eel farms. It is tentatively hypothesized that sex determination in A. anguilla may be metagamic and that sex inversion may occur in this species. PMID- 6661927 TI - Assignment of the native Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase gene to chromosome 2. AB - The native Chinese hamster DHFR gene was localized to 2pter----q14 using a combination of somatic cell hybrid technology and molecular techniques. In addition, PGD, ENO1, and DTS, previously mapped to Chinese hamster chromosome 2, were localized to 2q14----qter. Localization of PGM1 to this region was confirmed. The relationship of the site of the native DHFR gene to the location of the homogeneously staining region in methotrexate-resistant cells is discussed. PMID- 6661928 TI - A male-sterile insertion in the mouse. AB - Is(7;1)40H was found in the daughter of a male mouse given spermatozoal X irradiation. It is a non-inverted insertion of about half of chromosome 7 into chromosome 1, generating a long somatic marker chromosome. Breakpoints are in bands 1B, 7B1, and 7F1; linkage tests show that these breakpoints are about midway between fz and In on the 1, and 0.2 units distal to ru-2 and 12 units proximal to fr on the 7. Female carriers had litters of about one-third normal size and showed some decline in length of reproductive life. Males were sterile, with testis weights only 30% of normal and with abrupt cessation of spermatogenesis in pachytene at stage IV of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Positive sex-vesicle contact with the insertional configuration was found in only 40% of pachytene spermatocytes, which suggested that other factors may be involved in the spermatogonial breakdown. In oocytes at metaphase I 76% of insertion configurations were multivalent, because of one or more chiasmata in the inserted segment, as were 79% of synaptonemal complex configurations in male pachytenes. Karyotyping at 12.5 to 14.5 days of gestation showed that all embryos with duplications of the inserted segment were exencephalic, and the only example of a corresponding deficiency was retarded. Analysis of the consequences of heterozygosity for the insertion shows that the insertion length should be correlated with the frequency of unbalanced offspring and thus with the amount of F1 lethality. The genetic length of 36 cM estimated in this way from data on liveborn offspring is in reasonable agreement with estimates from cytological measurements and meiotic configurations but rather higher than that from linkage tests. PMID- 6661929 TI - Sequence of centromere separation: lack of Colcemid effect on the Chinese hamster genome. AB - This study describes the sequence of centromere separation in the Chinese hamster genome and the lack of any effect of Colcemid on this sequence. Analysis of bone marrow cells using sequential Giemsa staining and Q-banding established the sequence of centromere separation in cells derived from four Colcemid-treated and three untreated animals. Treatment of the data by use of the ANOVA test showed that the sequences established in the Colcemid-treated group did not differ from those in the untreated animals. The sequence of centromere separation in the Chinese hamster, as expressed by the pooled data from all seven animals, is chromosomes 1 and 2, followed by 3, 4, X, Y, 8, 9, 10, 5, 6, and 7. PMID- 6661930 TI - Extensive chromosomal repatterning in two congeneric species: Pytilia melba, L. and Pytilia phoenicoptera Swainson (Estrildidae; Aves). AB - Chromosomal analysis of two species of African finches of the genus Pytilia has been carried out using both G- and C-banding. The karyotypes of these two species were found to differ radically, not only from each other, but also from those of other species in the family Estrildidae. The differences are due to paracentric and pericentric inversions and to tandem fusions. However, not all of the karyotypic differences can be explained by conventional mechanisms. These results are discussed in relation to the role of karyotypic rearrangement in avian evolution and the conversion of microchromosomes to macrochromosomes. PMID- 6661931 TI - Replication patterns of human X isochromosomes by high-resolution banding. AB - The DNA replication patterns of eight cases of X isochromosomes, five idic(X) and three i(Xq), were studied. R-banded prometaphases and metaphases from lymphocyte cultures after synchronization with methotrexate and incorporation of 5 bromodeoxyuridine were analyzed. No significant differences in the frequency of metaphases with symmetric and asymmetric replication patterns between dicentric and monocentric isochromosomes were found. Furthermore the distribution of the frequencies of R-positive bands was similar and comparable to that of the normal late-replicating X. Our data suggest that the DNA replication pattern of Xq isochromosomes is not correlated with the mechanism of their origin. PMID- 6661932 TI - Chromosome maps of cell lines with specific monosomic or trisomic portions of the genome in the NIGMS Human Genetic Mutant Cell Repository. PMID- 6661933 TI - Clinical and experimental observations with fontanel pressure measurements. AB - Using the Ladd fiberoptic system, fontanel pressure measurements were performed in infants from 1 to 219 days of age. Various holding devices were used for standardizing the application force and remarkably consistent values were found among three different holders. In group I (neonates), 9.45, 8.45 and 8.2 mm Hg were the mean values. In group II (4 days to 4 weeks), 10.3 and 9.2 were the mean values. In group III (34-219 days), the mean values were 9.9 and 12.4. In a group of 36 hydrocephalic children, epidural, ventricular and fontanel pressures were compared during surgery, and linear correlation was found but the ventricular fluid pressure readings were consistently lower. In dogs with artificial fontanels, cisternal and fontanel pressure was monitored while volume pressure studies were performed. In 80% of the cases, close linear correlation was found. Fontanel pressure measurement and monitoring give very valuable data on ICP. The correct zero reference point is a difficulty which can be eliminated with standardized holding devices. PMID- 6661934 TI - Intracranial arteriovenous malformations in the pediatric age: experience with 24 cases. AB - 24 patients below 16 years of age with intracranial arteriovenous malformations are considered. Presenting history has been constituted mainly by intracranial hemorrhage, followed by epilepsy and hydrocephalus. The utility of angiography and CT scan is stressed, especially for preoperative evaluation. The arteriovenous malformation was located in noncritical cortical areas in 7 cases, in critical cortical areas in 6 cases, in the midline structures or in the basal ganglia in 8 cases, in the posterior fossa in 2 cases, and was only dural in 1 case. Complete surgical resection of the lesion has been carried out in 18 cases, and embolization in 1 case. The operative microscope, induced hypotension, and the 'backward technique' have been very useful during surgery. Following the operation, good results have been achieved in 83% of cases; mortality has been 11%. In most cases epilepsy has shown improvement after surgery. It is concluded that direct surgical extirpation of the angioma is the treatment of choice for pediatric patients, even in the presence of epilepsy alone. PMID- 6661935 TI - Limberg-latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for closure of myelomeningocele. AB - A method is presented in which two well-recognized plastic surgical flap techniques are coupled; the Limberg rhomboid transposition flap and the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. The technique was used in 2 patients to provide ample, innervated, and well-vascularized skin cover over myelomeningocele defects. PMID- 6661936 TI - Sturge-Weber syndrome without port-wine facial nevus. Report of 2 cases studied by CT. AB - 2 cases of Sturge-Weber syndrome without facial nevus are reported. The patients presented different forms of epilepsy. The diagnosis was made by computed tomography (CT) which showed typical intracranial calcifications in both occipital regions. The problems concerning the atypical and incomplete forms of the syndrome are briefly discussed. The importance of CT as a diagnostic procedure for this disease is emphasized. PMID- 6661937 TI - Chiasmatic gliomas of childhood. A reappraisal of natural history and effectiveness of cranial irradiation. AB - Disagreement exists concerning the natural history and treatment of chiasmatic gliomas (CG) of childhood. We reviewed our experience in 21 cases of surgically verified CG with a median age of 4 years at time of diagnosis, followed for a median of 5.3 years (range 3-14.8 years). Initial treatment included radiation therapy (RT) in 18 patients, chemotherapy in 2, and observation in 1. Disease recurrence, defined as progressive visual or neurological deterioration, was documented in 10 children (48%), occurring at a median of 6 years after diagnosis. 5-year actuarial survival was 89%, but fell to 60% by 10 years. Visual improvement after RT was uncommon, occurring once. Intellectual deficits were noted in 5 of 17 survivors. We compared our results to that of other patients reported and concluded that: (1) CG may act aggressively independent of their location in the visual pathway at time of diagnosis; (2) the beneficial effects of RT are difficult to document; (3) progressive disease may occur late in the course of illness, and (4) intellectual sequelae are common in long-term survivors. PMID- 6661938 TI - Experience with ventriculo-pleural shunts. AB - Ventriculo-pleural shunting for the management of hydrocephalus was initially introduced by Ransohoff in 1954. However, because of the reported cases of pleural effusion with this procedure, the operation has not achieved popularity in the management of hydrocephalus. In the course of a review of 1,500 patients with hydrocephalus treated at the Hospital for Sick Children over the years 1960 1981, we encountered 59 patients who had been treated with a ventriculo-pleural shunt during the years 1971-1981. The commonest reason for insertion of the ventriculo-pleural shunt was a preexisting infected ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. 12 of the 59 patients developed pleural effusions, and 6 of these 12 patients were under 11 months of age. The incorporation of an antisiphon device in the shunting system seemed to decrease the possibility of a pleural effusion. 23 of the 59 patients continue to function on their inserted ventriculo-pleural shunt, and in 9 of these the shunts have been functioning for over 5 years. Ventriculo pleural shunting seems to be a safe and simple form of diversionary CSF bypass. The risk of pleural effusion seems to be highest in the infant, but can occur at any age. However, even in the infant the ventriculo-pleural shunt provides a good temporary site for diversion of CSF when the peritoneal cavity is contaminated or hazardous to shunt function. Ventriculo-pleural shunting provides a valuable alternative for the management of hydrocephalus in those patients where the heart or the peritoneal cavity are unsuitable sites. PMID- 6661939 TI - Diencephalic syndrome due to a suprasellar epidermoid cyst. Case report. AB - A 5-year-old child with the unusual association of late-onset diencephalic cachexia and pituitary insufficiency is described. At operation a suprasellar epidermoid cyst was found and excised. This curable tumor should be added in the differential diagnosis of diencephalic syndrome. PMID- 6661940 TI - Differential premises arising from differential socialization of the sexes: some conjectures. AB - The sex-differentiated socialization emphases of parents and other representatives of societal institutions are considered as they influence the personality development and behavioral orientations of males and females. Specifically, sex-differentiated socialization emphases, "shaping" behaviors, and teaching styles are evaluated with regard to the nature of the "meta-messages" conveyed to boys and girls during their early, formative years. These messages are assumed to differentially influence the self-concepts evolved, ego structures, personal goals, and the cognitive-adaptational heuristics of boys and of girls. Differences in the socialization environments experienced by the 2 sexes can be seen as related to gender differences in personality characteristics. To integrate the empirical findings surrounding gender differences in personality and socialization experience, some conjectures are offered regarding the different self- and world views our current culture may be creating and fostering in males and in females. The potential and even likely influence of biological factors conjoined with the bidirectional effects of child and parent interaction are recognized as confounded with an interpretation in terms of differential socialization. But also, it is noted that until the effects of differential socialization are specifically evaluated by cultural, subcultural, or individual family changes, the role of biological and bidirectional factors cannot be assessed. PMID- 6661941 TI - Parent-infant bonding: another look. AB - While previous reviewers of the literature on early parent-infant contacts assume existing experiments are adequate tests of the sensitive period hypothesis, this review asserts that the hypothesis has not been tested on three counts: (1) there are no systematic studies of initial mother-infant contacts, (2) the majority of the studies confound timing and amount of contact, and (3) failure to consider underlying mechanisms resulted in the omission of designs and dependent measures that could address the appropriate questions. PMID- 6661942 TI - Developmental milestones: sign language acquisition and motor development. AB - The sign language and motor development of 11 young children of deaf parents were studied across a 16-month period. The subjects showed accelerated early language development producing, on the average, their first recognizable sign at 8.5 months, their tenth sign at 13.2 months, and their first sign combination at 17.0 months. In contrast, children learning to speak typically do not attain the equivalent spoken language milestones until 2-3 months later. The structure and content of the subjects' 50-sign vocabularies closely resembled those for children at the same stage in previously published studies of spoken language acquisition. The pattern of synchrony between motor and language development previously reported by investigators of children learning to speak was found not to apply to the population of the present study: most of the subjects learning to sign did not slow down in their rate of language acquisition after achieving a new motor milestone, but rather continued to show a gradual increase in the size of their sign language vocabularies. PMID- 6661943 TI - Stability of overt Type A behaviors in children: results from a one-year longitudinal study. AB - This paper describes the degree of similarity between repeated ratings (taken 1 year apart) of overt Type A behaviors in 2 samples totaling 633 children. The measure of overt Type A behaviors was the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH), which was completed by the children's classroom teacher. Results showed that correlations between repeated MYTH ratings approximated .55 and in general increased somewhat with the children's school grade, although correlations between repeated ratings of competitive achievement behaviors of boys residing in an affluent eastern suburb were somewhat lower than above. The degree of similarity across 1 year in children's Type A behaviors is comparable to that found for adult Type A behaviors and for other cardiovascular risk factors in children. The discussion includes a consideration of assumptions underlying research on the origins of Type A behavior and suggests that etiological factors in the development of Type A might profitably be studied in primary school-aged children. PMID- 6661945 TI - Children's emotions and behaviors in response to infants' cries. AB - Infant crying can elicit in others both a range of emotions and contrasting behavioral reactions, such as altruistic caregiving versus aggression. Variations in reactions to young infants' cries were examined in 60 children ranging in age from late preschool to preadolescence. Each child over-heard either a preterm or a full-term tape-recorded cry from an adjacent room. Then a mother, carrying her infant, came looking for her (previously) "crying" infant's bottle. Later each child was interviewed after hearing a tape recording of a preterm and a full-term cry. Children's emotions and behaviors thus were assessed in response to simulated, real distresses and hypothetical representations of distress. Children's self-reports of empathy, their verbalized intentions to help, their actual helping responses, and observers' ratings of negative emotion were common responses to cries at all ages. In addition there were significant increases with age in prosocial, behavioral interventions. Expressions of negative emotion were inversely related to subsequent forms of prosocial behavior that required direct interaction with the infant. The emotions and behaviors of most children were not influenced by whether they heard preterm or full-term cries. They were, however, able to discriminate between such cries and some articulated "theories" about the impact of the cries on the listener. PMID- 6661946 TI - Developmental changes in ideas about lying. AB - Videotaped stories depicting deliberate lies and unintentionally untrue statements were presented to 200 subjects evenly divided into the following age groups: 5, 8, 9, and 11 years and adult. Definitions of lying were seen to change gradually over this age range. Adults were more lenient than children in their moral evaluations of all the statements. All age groups rated a guess that did no harm as better than one that caused trouble, and they all judged selfishly motivated lies to be worse than both unintended falsehoods and "jocose" lies that aimed to please the listener. 11-year-olds tended to justify the prohibition against lying in terms of trust and fairness, whereas younger children cited authority's punitive sanctions. PMID- 6661944 TI - Type A behavior in preschool children: construct validation evidence for the MYTH. AB - This study examined the construct validity of 1 measure of Type A behavior, the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH), with preschool-age children. Convergent and discriminant validity evidence was obtained based on teacher ratings, intelligence test scores, and reaction time in a visual discrimination task. As predicted, Type A behavior was related to ratings of aggression and impatience, but not to intelligence. An experimental analysis was conducted of the conjoint effect of 2 situational variables, time constraint and incentive, on reaction time. Children classified as Type A or Type B on the basis of the MYTH participated in a visual discrimination task either with or without the presence of a time constraint and an incentive. As predicted, the reaction times of Type B children who worked without a time limit and an incentive were significantly longer than both groups of Type A children and the Type B children who worked with a time limit and an incentive. In summary, support was obtained for the construct validity of the MYTH when used with preschool-age children. PMID- 6661947 TI - The development of social cognitive processes among juvenile delinquents and nondelinquent peers. AB - Using 10-11- and 14-15-year-old delinquents and nondelinquents, the present project was intended to investigate: (a) the extent of delinquent-nondelinquent differences on moral reasoning tasks; (b) whether delinquents display less knowledge about social problem solving, or social metacognition, in comparison to nondelinquents; (c) whether the deficiency by delinquents on a social problem solving task could be lessened with clues to be more strategic; and (d) whether age differences would be observed on these tasks and whether age would interact with delinquency. Developmental differences for age, but not for delinquency, were observed in mortal judgment and prosocial moral reasoning. Under certain conditions, older nondelinquents performed better than other groups while considering some dimensions of social problem solving. Age differences were also noted on the social problem-solving task. When subjects were provided with clues as an organizing strategy on this latter task, all groups scored at levels higher than their no-clues performances. All groups except younger delinquents displayed comparable knowledge about strategies to solve social problems. The findings are discussed in terms of Flavell's processing model of social cognition. PMID- 6661948 TI - Child and adolescent perceptions of normal and atypical peers. AB - Students at 4 grade levels (grades 4, 6, 8, and 10) evaluated hypothetical male age-mates who were portrayed as normal, hyperactive, antisocial, or mildly mentally retarded. The focus was on behavioral characteristics, predicted outcomes, anticipated peer reactions, recommended parental interventions, and diagnostic labels. The results indicated that the students made social inferences that extended far beyond the specific behavioral information provided. The atypical boys were viewed as substantially more deviant than the normal boy within broad-ranging social, affective, and intellectual domains. Future problems were predicted for all 3 atypical boys, and parental interventions were recommended. Within this global negative perspective, clear distinctions were drawn among the 3 types of atypicality. The mildly retarded boy was viewed as most similar to the normal boys, and the antisocial boy was seen as the most dissimilar. Some gender differences and grade trends also emerged, with females and older students generally expressing more benign views of the atypical youths. PMID- 6661949 TI - [Surgical treatment of dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint by the Mumford Gurd method]. PMID- 6661950 TI - [Stab wounds of the thoracic spinal cord]. PMID- 6661952 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on tendon wound healing in various tissues and in dynamic states]. PMID- 6661953 TI - [Reconstruction of the hip joint in children after surgical treatment of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 6661951 TI - [Filling of bone defects with a mixture of collagen and apatite in experimental animal studies]. PMID- 6661954 TI - [Usefulness of the surgical relaxation of muscular pressure in combination with other procedures in the treatment of degenerative changes in the hip joint]. PMID- 6661955 TI - [Pseudoaneurysm (aneurysma spurium) of the external iliac artery as a complication of total alloplasty of the hip joint]. PMID- 6661956 TI - [Biological compatibility of porous ceramic material]. PMID- 6661957 TI - [Transthoracic epiphysiodesis and correction with the Harrington distractor as a method of treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in young children (preliminary report)]. PMID- 6661958 TI - [Radiomorphology of lumbosacral syntopy in normal states. Anatomical changes and their significance in normal states]. PMID- 6661959 TI - [Value of patellectomy in the treatment of insufficiency of the extensor apparatus of the knee]. PMID- 6661960 TI - [Results of the treatment of patellar chondromalacia]. PMID- 6661961 TI - [Section of obturator nerves in the treatment of paralysis and spastic paralysis]. PMID- 6661962 TI - [Further observations on obturator neuropathy]. PMID- 6661963 TI - [Extraskeletal myositis ossificans progressiva]. PMID- 6661964 TI - [Case of atypical post-traumatic cyst of the popliteal fossa]. PMID- 6661966 TI - [Retrograde pancreatic duct imaging and surgical tactics in hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis. Preliminary report]. AB - In patients with haemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis who are scheduled for surgery we have been carrying out a preoperative retrograde investigation of the pancreatic duct system for the past months. The results in, to date, ten patients revealed four different morphological findings of importance for the surgical tactic: 1. A normal pancreatic duct system with no signs of fistulae: only peripancreatic necrosectomy is required. - 2. Contrast medium leaks via a ductal fistula: left resection including the removal of the fistulous area must be done. - 3. Normal duct system with complete segmental parenchymal staining, representing total necrosis in this region: left resection of the pancreas. - 4. Duodenoscopically demonstrable perforation into the duodenum of a necrotic cavity in the head of the pancreas: conservative management only, no surgery, since this lesion resulting in drainage of the necrotic cavity into the bowel permits self healing, while the site of the perforation within the necrotic wall cannot be dealt with by surgery. - The experience gained so far indicates that the surgical tactic can be determined with greater selectivity by the use of ERP. PMID- 6661965 TI - [Surgical treatment of parenchymal metastases of germinal testicular tumors]. AB - This report concerns 18 patients with germinal testicular tumors in whom the resection of pulmonary metastases was indicated following resection of the primary tumor and combined cytostatic therapy. Nine patients underwent a retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy immediately after semi-castration. Upon follow-up examination, circular pulmonary foci were visualized by conventional films or computerized tomography. These patients developed pulmonary metastases on the average 8 months after the first operation (semi-castration and lymphadenectomy). Since 1978, a combined cytostatic treatment has preceded the lymphadenectomy and resection of parenchymal metastases. No evidence of disease (NED) could be achieved in 9 patients by resection of pulmonary metastases, with an average follow-up period of 30 months. The results in surgery of metastases are judged as the more advantageous, the longer the free interval is between initial disease onset and the occurrence of metastases. PMID- 6661967 TI - [Hemobilia]. AB - Hemobilia is caused by a pathological communication between the biliary tract and the intra- and extrahepatic blood vessels; multifarious pathogenetical mechanisms of this syndrome have to be considered. The trias of colicky upper abdominal pain, jaundice and haemorrhage in the upper gastrointestinal tract determinates the clinical picture. To ensure the diagnosis and to localize the source of bleeding sonography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and coeliacography are indispensable. Besides the transvasal selective embolization ligature of the hepatic artery resection of the affected part of the liver just as reconstructive vascular operations serve as therapeutical tools in this disease. A patient complaining of intrahepatic hemobilia is described who was successfully treated by highly selective ligature of the respective vessel after intraoperative angiography through the stump of the cystic artery. Using this procedure the resection of the affected part of the liver could be avoided. PMID- 6661968 TI - [Device for the smooth retention or relaxation of wire support sutures]. PMID- 6661969 TI - [Criteria for the assessment of facial disfigurations]. PMID- 6661970 TI - [Middle-term evaluation of 155 hip arthroplasties using cemented double cups]. PMID- 6661971 TI - [Treatment of peptic stenosis of the esophagus by intrathoracic fundoplication with peroperative dilatation of the stenosis. Critical study of 29 cases]. PMID- 6661972 TI - [Intestinal ischemia: physiopathologic and nosologic aspects]. PMID- 6661973 TI - [Study of the digestive arteries by Doppler and echotomographic ultrasonography. Uniformity of functional vascular studies]. PMID- 6661974 TI - [Technics of revascularization of the superior mesenteric artery. Critical study and results]. PMID- 6661976 TI - [Hospital hygiene: science or derision]. PMID- 6661975 TI - [Revascularization of the superior mesenteric area. Indications and results]. PMID- 6661977 TI - [16 hematomas of the iliac psoas muscle caused by anticoagulants. Anatomical lesions, clinical and therapeutic deductions]. PMID- 6661978 TI - [Caroli's disease]. PMID- 6661979 TI - [Presence of jugulocarotid adenopathies in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Apropos of 20 cases]. PMID- 6661980 TI - [A rare cause of stenosis of the small intestine: adult celiac disease]. PMID- 6661981 TI - [Aorto-duodenal fistulas after prosthetic surgery of the abdominal aorta. Experience with 12 cases]. PMID- 6661982 TI - [Aneurysms of the pancreatico-duodenal arteries (apropos of 2 cases)]. PMID- 6661983 TI - Statistical methods of detection of a periodic phenomenon in a short series. Example of application: a density series of nematode eggs - II. AB - Using the example of the statistical treatment of a series of density of nematode eggs, we give here a survey of the main methods of detection of a periodic phenomenon in a short series. The purpose of these methods, which may be ranked into 3 groups: smoothing methods, regression methods, autocorrelations, is to study non random characteristics of the process. We detected in this series and estimated a rhythm of period 12 h. We concluded that the regression methods are the most resourceful for detecting a deterministic periodic phenomenon but that it is useful to confirm the results using the other methods. PMID- 6661984 TI - Isolated sleep paralysis after rapid time-zone change ('jet-lag') syndrome. PMID- 6661985 TI - Circadian rhythm in prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP): a potential tumor marker rhythm in prostatic cancer (PCa). AB - In order to define circadian states for an earlier diagnosis and for optimal response to treatment, the possibility of a circadian rhythm in serum PAP was investigated in subjects with and without prostatic cancer. Two groups of subjects were investigated: a. 12 patients affected by PCa, further subdivided in two subgroups: 1. without metastasis (6 patients) and 2. with metastatic disease (6 patients); b. 9 age-matched healthy control subjects. Controls and PCa patients were synchronized before starting the study with standardized meal times and nocturnal rest (22(00) to 06(00) ). Venous blood samples were drawn at prearranged hours (00(00), 04(00), 08(00), 12(00), 16(00), 20(00) ) for 24 consecutive hours. Each serum sample was assayed for PAP. Data on each group and subgroup were evaluated by conventional statistical analysis and by 'single' and 'population mean cosinor' to define rhythm parameters. PCa patients, as a single group, did not show a significant circadian PAP rhythm. A statistically significant circadian PAP rhythm was however detected in the subgroup without metastasis, on the contrary no rhythm was detected in the subgroup with metastatic disease. The potential of these rhythms as marker of cancer is noted. PMID- 6661986 TI - Do all daughter cells enter the "indeterminate" ("A") state of the cell cycle? Analysis of stathmokinetic experiments on L1210 cells. AB - The results of ten different stathmokinetic experiments on L1210 cells are analyzed to determine whether all the postmitotic cells enter the exponential AG1 compartment of the cell cycle characterized by exponentially distributed transit times. The analysis is based on a mathematical model coherent with the generalized A-B-transition hypothesis. An original fitting procedure is introduced to estimate the fraction of cells entering AG1 as well as other parameters of the cell cycle. Results of the analysis suggest that either all or nearly all postmitotic cells enter G1A. The results are discussed with respect to the validity of the A-B-transition hypothesis of the "probabilistic" model of the cell cycle. Some systematically occurring discrepancies that do not conform with generally accepted cell cycle models are apparent from the analysis of this data. PMID- 6661987 TI - Maturation rates and transition probabilities of cycling cells. AB - The kinetics of cell cycling are analyzed in terms of equations incorporating a DNA synthesis rate continuously varying along S phase and a portion of G1 phase through which the cells advance in a probabilistic fashion. These equations are solved analytically for several steady state as well as nonsteady state populations of cells. Experiments are described illustrating how these results can be applied to obtain both the rate of DNA synthesis at each point along S phase and the probability of transition through the nondeterministic portion of G1. PMID- 6661988 TI - Increased uptake of vital dye Hoechst 33342 during S phase in synchronized HeLa S3 cells. AB - Uptake of the vital dye Hoechst 33342 (HO342) was studied in HeLa S3 cells synchronized with hydroxyurea or thymidine. Cell monolayers were incubated with 0.05-0.5 micrograms/ml HO342 for 1-10 min at 37 degrees C, and the fluorescence intensity of DNA-bound intracellular dye was then measured in a flow cytometer. Modal fluorescence intensity normalized to DNA content was used as a measure of the dye uptake. No efflux of the dye from vitally stained cells was observed during 2 hr at 37 degrees C in a monolayer or at 20 degrees C in a suspension. HO342 uptake increased within in 1 hr after the renewal of progression (early S phase), achieved a maximum level in 2 hr (mid-S phase) and returned to the initial level in 4 hr (late S-G2 phase). The pattern of increased uptake of HO342 was similar in cells synchronized with either hydroxyurea or with thymidine. To estimate the relationship between fluorescence and dye uptake, the amount of dye released by Triton X-100 after vital staining was measured. The method for this measurement was based on the simultaneous addition of chicken erythrocytes ("indicator cells") with Triton X-100. Fluorescence intensity of chicken erythrocytes was significantly higher in the mixture containing mid-S phase than in the mixture containing asynchronous or late S-G2 cells. Thus the fluorescence after vital staining with HO342 reflected HO342 uptake and, possibly, fluctuations of membrane permeability. The period of maximal HO342 uptake in synchronized cells was also characterized by a a high sensitivity of cytotoxic effects of adriamycin. Uptake of HO342 at nonsaturating concentrations may be used as a marker of cell sensitivity and resistance to a number of cytotoxic compounds. PMID- 6661989 TI - Flow cytometric DNA content in myelodysplastic syndromes. AB - DNA flow cytometric analysis of unfixed bone marrow cells stained with propidium iodide was carried out in 33 patients with untreated primary myelodysplastic syndromes. Patients with stable clinical course for up to 3 years had higher fractions of cells in S and G2 phases (22.7 +/- 12.4% and 12 +/- 3.6%) than those who developed acute leukemia and/or died early in the course of disease (14.4 +/- 8.5% and 6.6 +/- 4%). Median survival was more than 36 mo in patients with S + G2 cell fraction higher than 24%, and 14 mo in the remaining 16 patients with lower values (P less than 0.01). Analyses repeated after 3-24 mo showed no major changes in cell proliferation pattern in ten out of 11 patients. The remaining patient had sharp decrease in S and G2 cell fraction 3 mo before the transition into acute leukemia. The DNA index (DI) of bone marrow cells was calculated to assess ploidy. However, comparative evaluation of cytologic, cytogenetic, and flow cytometric data suggest that, under our experimental conditions, the DI may be influenced by factors such as the degree of chromatin compactness. PMID- 6661991 TI - Simultaneous measurement of phagocytosis and phagosomal pH by flow cytometry: role of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte granules in phagosome acidification. AB - Human polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNLs) phagocytosed fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled Staphylococcus aureus. Free bacteria, phagocytes, and nonphagocytes were discriminated and quantified by flow cytometry (FCM). The relative fluorescence of phagocyte-associated and free bacteria (Nf:N) was calculated by dividing the mean phagocyte fluorescence by that of the free bacteria and the number of phagocytosed bacteria. Bactericidal capacity and chemiluminescence were measured by standard methods. The red-to-green fluorescence ratio of acridine orange-stained PMNLs (R/G) was measured by FCM. Degradation of bacteria was monitored by the reduction in FITC and ethidiumbromide fluorescence of bacteria liberated from the phagocytes. Bacterial FITC fluorescence was pH dependent. Nf:N was 0.5 to 0.7. Using a standard curve for the interrelationship between bacterial fluorescence and pH, phagosomal pH was 5.0-5.5. Phagocytes, kept at 4 degrees C for 24 h had Nf:N approximately 1, did not degrade bacteria, but killed them and emitted chemiluminescence. NH4Cl increased phagocyte fluorescence by 27% and decreased R/G by 50%. Cyanide and azide did not affect Nf:N. Nf:N of phagocytes from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease was 32% below, and R/G was 32% higher than the controls. Acidification of the phagosomes seems to be related to discharge of PMNL granule contents and independent of the respiratory burst. PMID- 6661990 TI - Characterization and sorting of mouse cytotoxic macrophages by their light scattering properties. AB - The light scattering properties of mouse activated macrophages were analyzed by flow cytometry. Peritoneal adherent cells from B. abortus treated animals were found to segregate into two subpopulations as a function of their forward angle and 90 degrees angle light scatter. The cell subpopulations were separated by automatic sorting. The strongly scattering ones contained an elevated proportion of large volume and acid phosphatase rich cells. Their nonspecific cytotoxic activity against tumor cells was more important than that of weakly light scattering cells. Thus, flow cytometry might be helpful to characterize and isolate cytotoxic macrophage populations. PMID- 6661992 TI - The mutual effect of hydrogen ion concentration and osmotic pressure on the shape of the human erythrocyte as determined by light scattering and by electronic cell volume measurement. AB - The measurement of the fluctuations of the scattered light were the source of information on the flatness of erythrocytes. Data on cell volume, together with the measure of scattered light fluctuations, defined the cell shape. The measurements were repeated in a wide range of osmotic pressures and pH values in order to affect both the hemoglobin and cytoskeleton. Major volume changes were detected at low osmotic pressures and pH. The erythrocyte volume was determined by electronic volume measurement. The cell flatness is maximal at physiological conditions. PMID- 6661994 TI - Pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis. AB - A Cypriot male of 22 years died after suffering recurrent daily haemoptyses of varying severity and slowly increasing effort intolerance for a period of four and a half years. Examination of a lung biopsy specimen revealed dilated vascular channels suggestive of a congenital anomaly of the pulmonary vasculature. Histological examination of the lung following necropsy revealed the diagnosis of pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis. In this condition sheets of thin-walled blood vessels infiltrate the lung parenchyma, the walls of pulmonary arteries and veins, the bronchi and the pleura. The infiltration of pulmonary veins and venules induces secondary pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. This appears to be the second example of this disease which has been reported. It is open to clinical and histological mis-diagnosis and clinicians and pathologists should be aware of the existence of this entity. PMID- 6661993 TI - Difference in chromatin sensitivity to heparin of chronic atrophic gastritis, of carcinoma-free and carcinoma-bearing stomach in comparison with normal gastric mucosa and gastric carcinoma as revealed by flow cytometry. AB - DNA distribution patterns from gastric mucosal cells corresponding to four groups defined by histological examination were measured by flow cytometry before and after treatment with heparin, a polyanion. Group I comprised normal gastric mucosal cells; group II, chronic atrophic gastric mucosal cells originating from a carcinoma free stomach; group III, chronic atrophic gastric mucosal cells originating from a carcinoma bearing stomach; and group IV, malignant gastric mucosal cells. The heparin concentrations used were 1.25, 1.5, and 5 U/ml cell suspension. Heparin caused increases in fluorescence intensity and in coefficients of variation, which are interpreted as a reflection of alterations in chromatin structure. For the four groups investigated, the heparin-initiated changes were dependent, in varying degree, on concentration and time. Group I showed a much more extensive sensitivity to heparin than group IV. Group II and III reacted similarly to group I or group IV, depending on the source, i.e., either a carcinoma-free stomach or a carcinoma-bearing stomach. Further extension of this method might yield information concerning the real premalignant potential of a specific case of chronic atrophic gastritis. PMID- 6661997 TI - Fluoro-photometry in myotonic dystrophy. AB - We found pigment alterations in the anterior segments of the eyes of patients with myotonic dystrophy. We therefore performed fluoro-photometry in a group of ten myotonic patients and the results were compared with those of a group of normal persons. The fluorescence levels in the aqueous and vitreous of the myotonic eyes appeared to be two or three times higher than in the normal eyes. This brings us to the conclusion that myotonic eyes have a defect in the blood ocular barriers. PMID- 6661995 TI - The pathology of non-Rhesus hydrops. AB - The pathological findings in 50 cases of non-Rhesus hydrops are presented. In 19, pregnancy terminated before the twenty-eighth week of gestation; there were five chromosomally abnormal fetuses and a further six with structural abnormality in this group. Three of 31 infants from the more mature group survived, 16 were stillborn and 12 died in the neonatal period. Nineteen infants had malformations, 14 of these being cardiovascular malformation. Five infants had evidence of intra uterine infection. Intra-uterine heart failure is the commonest cause of the hydrops. PMID- 6661996 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: fundus changes and histopathologic correlations. AB - This paper describes the fundus changes in 2 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). In both cases the ocular involvement preceded the neurological symptoms by several months. In one patient a localized serous detachment in the macular region was associated with retinal infiltrates and in the second patient an atypical unilateral macular chorioretinitis was first diagnosed. The diagnosis of SSPE was suspected when neurological signs appeared and it was confirmed by the typical EEG changes and especially by the high titers of measles antibodies in serum and CSF. The affected left eye of the second patient could be studied histopathologically and presented mainly pigment epithelial changes at the level of the scar, edema of the external plexiform layer, retinal folds and a detachment and rupture of the internal limiting membrane. PMID- 6661998 TI - Causes and prevalence of blindness in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. AB - The causes of blindness in Sierra Leone were studied in 7286 new patients attending the eye clinic in the year 1981. Blindness, defined as an inability to count fingers at 3 meters with the better eye (WHO, 1973), was present in 762 persons, due to cataract (39%), ocular onchocerciasis (30%), primary glaucoma (8%), measles keratitis (3%), trachoma (3%) and other causes. The prevalence of blindness was estimated from simple field surveys covering 41 villages with an estimated population of 10,559. The average prevalence of blindness was found to be 1.3% of the total population. PMID- 6662000 TI - Post measles blindness. AB - Post Measles Blindness occurs in developing countries in 1% of all children with measles and is caused by the interaction of the three factors: measles, malnutrition and treatment. Prevention is to be achieved by an attack on each of these factors; immunisation against measles, improvement of the nutritional status and the application of eye ointment to children with measles are all needed in order to eradicate Post Measles Blindness. PMID- 6662001 TI - Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in The Netherlands-II. AB - This paper is a report on Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL) in The Netherlands (synonyms: Batten disease, Jansky-Bielschowsky disease, Batten-Mayou disease, Stock-Spielmeyer-Vogt disease). Discussed are the late infantile type with predominant accumulation of lipofuscin in the form of curvilinear bodies (Jansky Bielschowsky) and the juvenile type with accumulation of lipofuscin in the form of fingerprint- and rectilinear profiles (Batten-Mayou disease and Stock Spielmeyer-Vogt disease or F-type of NCL). PMID- 6661999 TI - Eye screening in 2234 Sierra Leonean school students and detection of onchocerciasis. AB - Screening of 2234 primary and secondary school students in a rain-forest area with endemic onchocerciasis showed that the percentage of students with positive skin snips increased with school age: from 0.7% in class 1 to 23% in form 5. Visual acuity of 6/12 or more in both eyes was found in 98% of the students. Students with an intraocular pressure higher than 21 mm showed a higher percentage of positive skinsnips than those with an intraocular pressure of 21 mm or less. The results of health education and treatment with diethylcarbamazine were better than those obtained in outpatients of the eye hospital in the same town. The possibilities of mass school screening in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone are discussed. PMID- 6662002 TI - Vitrectomy in two cases of bilateral Terson syndrome. AB - We report on two patients with bilateral vitreous haemorrhage after a subarachnoid haemorrhage (Terson syndrome). We performed vitrectomy in four eyes with complete recovery of vision in three eyes; one eye had visual acuity of 1/6 due to preretinal fibrosis. The patient who had 20/20 vision in both eyes had a retinal detachment in one eye two months after the vitrectomy; this was operated upon and vision did not deteriorate. PMID- 6662003 TI - Ocular onchocerciasis with living microfilariae in the anterior chamber in two Dutch boys. AB - In 2 Dutch boys, 15 and 12-year-old brothers, living microfilariae were observed in the anterior chamber. Both boys had returned 4 years before from a hyperendemic onchocerciasis region where they had lived for 5 years. The pathogenesis and treatment of onchocerciasis are discussed. PMID- 6662004 TI - Indomethacin eyedrops and the postoperative irritation after extracapsular cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens implantation. AB - Indomethacin 0.5% solution eyedrops inhibit the prostaglandin effects after extracapsular cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens implantation. In a double-blind study Indomethacin was compared to Dexamethason and placebo using corneal thickness and iris vessel dilatation and leakage as parameters for postoperative irritation. The present evidence indicates that Indomethacin is an important additive medication to diminish the postoperative reaction. PMID- 6662005 TI - A discussion of 61 cases of optic nerve coloboma. AB - Colobomata of the optic disc result from failure of closure of the most anterior portion of the optic stalk. Therefore the great majority of these defects are found at the six o'clock position in the region of the embryonic defect. The authors examined 61 patients with optic nerve coloboma from 1972 to 1983. The clinical data of these patients are given. It was remarkable that the optic nerve colobomata occurred in combination with the same systemic and 'midline'-defects that are often seen in combination with optic nerve hypoplasia. PMID- 6662006 TI - Secondary vascular glaucoma. AB - Secondary vascular glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure due to venous obstruction in or outside the eye. Its main aetiological features are lesions of the vortex veins and the anterior ciliary veins and orbital and cavernous sinus obstruction; increase in orbital volume, tenonitis/scleritis posterior and idiopathically elevated episcleral venous pressure are described. In 8 out of 148 patients with exophthalmos of various aetiology an abnormal difference in intraocular pressure between the eyes was found, but only 3 of them (2%) had glaucoma; this frequency equals the glaucoma frequency in an average population. In 3 out of 10 patients with tenonitis/scleritis posterior an elevated intraocular pressure was found, in contrast with the normal intraocular pressure found in 20 patients with orbital pseudotumour. Six patients with secondary vascular glaucoma due to elevated episcleral venous pressure of unknown origin were examined; 3 of them had unilateral, the other 3 bilateral, typical lesions. All were female and above the age of 40 years. In contrast with the findings in other investigations, in 3 of these 6 patients orbital neuro-ophthalmological lesions were found. PMID- 6662008 TI - Conjunctival melanomas in The Netherlands: a follow-up study. AB - In a follow-up study of 45 conjunctival melanoma patients the recurrence rate after local excision was 80% but the mortality rate due to metastasis was low, only 2 out of 25 cases in which the recurrences could be controlled by repeated local excisions. In the 18 cases in which exenteration was required, because of the unfavorable localization of the melanoma or repeated recurrences, the mortality rate due to metastatic disease (7 out of 18) was high. PMID- 6662009 TI - Narrowing of the palpebral fissure in diabetes. AB - In 204 adult, white diabetics the palpebral fissure was measured and related to the state of metabolic control of the diabetes. A control group was formed of 204 persons matched by age and sex. The average palpebral fissure in the control group was 9.9 mm: there was a slight, but not significant, difference between the age groups and the sexes. In diabetics who were not insulin dependent the average width of the palpebral fissure was found to be 9.4 mm; in severe chronic deregulation of the diabetes, however, an average palpebral fissure of 8.0 mm was found, a significant narrowing. In insulin-dependent diabetics the average width of the palpebral fissure was 8.3 mm. This significant narrowing also increased if there was severe chronic deregulation of the diabetes. The average palpebral fissure associated with proliferative retinopathy in insulin-dependent type 1 diabetics was 6.0 mm (nearly 4 X standard deviation). This ptosis in diabetes is very probably due to chronic tissue hypoxia, to which the levator palpebrae muscle is probably extra sensitive, and in which thickening of the basal membrane of the capillaries may be one of the most important factors. PMID- 6662010 TI - Local metastasis in conjunctival melanoma. AB - After excision of conjunctival melanomas the rate of recidivation is high. This may partly be due to local seeding of tumour cells in the excision wound, as we observed in one patient. We now use a sodiumhypochlorite solution (Dakin's solution) as tumour cell killing agent. Instead of diagnostic biopsy exfoliative cytology is performed; at surgery the tumour is not touched except for cauterisation with formaldehyde. PMID- 6662007 TI - The fine-thread method: lacrimation test for measuring ocular side-effects of drugs in the rat. AB - Tear production was measured by means of the fine-cotton-thread method in rats. Sedation with hypnorm had no pharmacological effect on normal tear production. Daily oral administration of atropine which was comparable with the dose used for human adults on a drug-to-weight basis, resulted in a 60-percent reduction of tearing. Tearing returned to base-line levels after withdrawal of atropine. PMID- 6662011 TI - A survey on eye involvement among leprosy patients in The Netherlands. AB - A survey of 121 leprosy patients in the Netherlands showed eye involvement in 20% of the patients, rising to 27% if madarosis and the adnexae are included. Iris atrophy was the main lesion encountered in BL and LL patients. One typical lepromatous fundus lesion was seen. No bilateral blindness occurred. Two eyes had a visual acuity of 3/60 due to intractable scleritis and acute iritis in LL with ENL. Seven eyes of 5 patients had a visual acuity of 0.2 to 3/60, mainly due to iris atrophy in lepromatous leprosy. Prevalence of blindness in our series was low as compared with the literature. PMID- 6662012 TI - Results of 250 Pearce lens implantations. AB - The short-term results obtained with the Pearce tripod stitchless lens in 250 cases of senile and pre-senile cataract are discussed. In only 2 cases was a complication related to the implant observed, i.e. dislocation of the implant due to malpositioning. PMID- 6662013 TI - Acyclovir treatment in stromal herpetic keratitis. AB - Thirty-five patients with long-standing deep stromal herpes simplex keratitis were treated with 3% acyclovir ointment and corticosteroids. All patients were cured in 2 to 4 weeks, independent of both the duration of the keratitis before acyclovir therapy and the previous antiviral medication. Corticosteroids in tapering dosages had to be continued for many months after healing to prevent recurrence of stromal corneal oedema; recurrences could not be prevented by acyclovir therapy. No serious side-effects of acyclovir were noted. PMID- 6662015 TI - [Reduction in F-actin viscosity by a brain protein complex]. PMID- 6662014 TI - Computer fluorophotometry. AB - The possibilities of a new commercial sensitive fluorophotometer are described. The advantages of the use of a computer for measurement and processing of the registered data are discussed. PMID- 6662016 TI - [Role of lipids in the functional development of the catecholamine--sensitive adenylate cyclase system of skeletal muscle plasma membranes]. PMID- 6662017 TI - [Calmodulin in the olfactory membrane: detection and purification]. PMID- 6662018 TI - [Body oxygen supply in increased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen and altered blood viscosity]. PMID- 6662019 TI - [Cell satellites and postsatellites in the muscle tissue of the adult Ambystoma mexicanum]. PMID- 6662020 TI - [Conjugate allelic drift]. PMID- 6662021 TI - [Human cytogenetic affects in relation to sex, age and the duration of contract with a chemical mutagen]. PMID- 6662022 TI - [Mucosal hypoplasia and hyperplasia in different parts of the small intestine of rats under various functional leads]. PMID- 6662023 TI - [General survey of hypertension in 12,238 Korean inhabitants in Yunbian]. PMID- 6662024 TI - [Hemodynamic-pathologic correlative study on pulmonary vascular changes in congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 6662025 TI - [Treatment of obstruction of the hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava with modified bypass graft surgery]. PMID- 6662026 TI - [Surgical experience in total correction of tetralogy of Fallot in children under 5--report of 20 cases]. PMID- 6662027 TI - [Surgical treatment of secundum atrial septal defect associated with mitral regurgitation]. PMID- 6662028 TI - [5-year prognostic evaluation in acute myocardial infarct--multivariate progressive regression analysis]. PMID- 6662029 TI - [Observation of left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarct by radionuclide angiocardiography--analysis of 45 cases]. PMID- 6662031 TI - [Cardiac electric alterans]. PMID- 6662033 TI - [Wenckebach phenomenon in atrioventricular block]. PMID- 6662032 TI - [The significance of the atropine test in the diagnosis of atrioventricular block]. PMID- 6662030 TI - [Rheological study of 97 hypertensive patients]. PMID- 6662034 TI - [Effect of atenolol in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris]. PMID- 6662035 TI - [A simplified method in measuring systolic time intervals]. PMID- 6662036 TI - [Magnesium deficiency and congestive heart failure]. PMID- 6662037 TI - [Case of cystic renal artery aneurysm associated with severe hypertension]. PMID- 6662039 TI - [Historical study of ductus arteriosus]. PMID- 6662038 TI - [The time of anatomical closure of ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale]. PMID- 6662040 TI - [Plasma and tissue cyclic nucleotide changes in renal hypertensive rats]. PMID- 6662041 TI - [Electrophysiologic studies on the antiarrhythmic effect of tetrandrine]. PMID- 6662042 TI - [Evaluation of QRS amplitude changes in the exercise test]. PMID- 6662043 TI - Management of trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 6662044 TI - Lofepramine: a return to tricyclic antidepressives. PMID- 6662046 TI - Downwind with bulk sweeteners. PMID- 6662045 TI - Prescribing for acute diarrhoea. PMID- 6662047 TI - [Formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers]. PMID- 6662048 TI - Treating deafness. PMID- 6662049 TI - Surgery for the congenitally malformed external ear. PMID- 6662050 TI - Surgery for congenital malformations of the ear canal and middle ear. PMID- 6662051 TI - Managing the communication and education needs of congenitally hearing-impaired patients. PMID- 6662052 TI - Lethal and sublethal effects of cadmium on marine organisms--a critical discussion about "safety levels". AB - The applicability of terms such as "safety level" and "safety factor" for the purpose of risk assessment in the frame of the marine dumping conventions is discussed. In view of a series of experiments on sublethal effects of cadmium on marine organisms it is stated that the dose-response relationships cover a range of 10(4), and that there is no indication that the lowest level found so far is actually just above a no-effect threshold. PMID- 6662053 TI - Cadmium uptake and distribution in sticklebacks related to the concentration and method of exposure. AB - The uptake of cadmium by sticklebacks and its distribution between the body tissues was compared following two methods of exposure, i.e., natural exposure to the heavy metal in water and direct intraperitoneal injection. In both cases, the greatest concentration of cadmium was detected in the liver. In naturally exposed fish high concentrations were also found in the gut and gills while in injected fish high levels were demonstrated in the gall bladder and kidney. PMID- 6662054 TI - Pre- and postimplantation embryotoxic effects of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (Ziram) in the rat. AB - Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (Ziram) was administered to pregnant CD rats by tube during the first 5 days of pregnancy (preimplantation study, 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or during the organogenetic period (teratogenic study, 0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg). All females were sacrificed on Day 21 of gestation. Their reproductive status was recorded and live fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal malformations. In the preimplantation study the only observed embryotoxic effect was a reduced fetal weight at 50 and 100 mg/kg dose level. The teratogenic study revealed a slight dismorphogenic effect of Ziram at 100 mg/kg; embryofetotoxic effects appeared at 25 mg/kg dose level and higher. Maternal toxicity was evident at all tested doses. PMID- 6662055 TI - Comparative studies on ecotoxicology of synthetic detergents. AB - To predict the comparative toxicological response of synthetic detergents on aquatic ecosystems, the effects of various concentrations of neutralized alkyl benzene sulfonate were studied. The median tolerance limit at 48 hr, 95% confidence limit, slope function, presumable harmless concentration, and rate of survival of different species of aquatic fauna such as water fleas (Daphnia magna), mosquito larvae (Culex pipiens), slug worms (Tubifex rivulorum), snails (Lymnaea vulgaris), tadpoles (Rana cyanophlyctis), and fish fingerlings (Cirrhina mrigala) were followed at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr. Any effect on quality of the water was also tested after the addition of various concentrations of detergents. The results showed that water fleas are more susceptible to detergent toxicity than fish fingerlings, tadpoles, slug worms, snails, and mosquito larvae. Behavioral changes were also observed as an index for detergent toxicity. The relative toxicity of the detergents to various species is discussed in relation to selective ecotoxicological response. PMID- 6662056 TI - The effects of long-term malathion or diazinon ingestion on the activity of hepatic synthesized clotting factors. AB - Female Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a drinking solution of 1 ppm Diazinon or malathion dissolved in water for 6 months. At the conclusion of the experiment liver tissue and plasma were examined. Clotting studies included the prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, and factors II, V, VII, X, plus the platelet count. Hepatic morphology, basically hepatocyte degeneration, was altered by malathion while diazinon had no notable effect. Likewise, malathion prolonged both the PT and APTT, the only changes in clotting activity. PMID- 6662057 TI - Acute toxicity, uptake, and clearance of aminocarb by the aquatic isopod, Caecidolea racovitzai racovitzai. AB - Acute toxicity of aminocarb to the aquatic isopod Caecidolea racovitzai racovitzai was found to be proportional to exposure temperature with the potency of the insecticide increasing 1.3 to 5.2 times when the temperature was increased from 12 to 20 degrees C. The 96-hr LC50 values were determined to be 36.1 and 12.0 mg aminocarb/liter for 12 and 20 degrees C, respectively. Uptake and clearance of aminocarb by C. r. racovitzai were also shown to be proportional to temperature indicating that they may be active processes. Control of clearance may be a function of the rate of metabolism of aminocarb in vivo. Both uptake and clearance were shown to occur in two compartments. PMID- 6662058 TI - Relationship between molar refraction and n-octanol/water partition coefficient. AB - The n-octanol/water partition coefficient (Pow) for organic chemicals which do not form the hydrogen bond was considered on the basis of London's dispersion force, because the dispersion force is the main component of van der Waals-type attractive forces between solute and solvent molecules. The dispersion force is a function of both the ionization potential and the molar refraction. As the variation of the ionization potential is small in comparison with that of the molar refraction, the latter is the most important factor to determine the value of Pow. Thus the relationship between Pow and the molar refraction can be established. The relationship was confirmed for some halogenated alkanes, alkenes and aromatics, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by analysis of observed values of Pow and calculated values of the molar refraction. Estimation of Pow from the molar refraction is advantageous for the preliminary hazard assessment of new chemicals, because direct measurement of Pow is laborious and time consuming for lack of information about analytical methods. PMID- 6662059 TI - Histological alterations in liver and intestine of teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus in response to mercury toxicity. AB - Effects of lethal (1.5 ppm) and sublethal (0.1 ppm) concentrations of HgCl2 on liver and intestine tissues of Sarotherodon mossambicus were studied by routine histological techniques. Engorged blood sinusoid, vacuolation, rupture, granular degeneration of hepatocytes, edema, focal necrosis, and proliferation of fibroblasts were the alterations observed in liver. Rupture of the tips of the villi, proliferation of villi, increase in goblet cell population, and focal necrosis of villi were the characteristic changes in intestine. PMID- 6662060 TI - Synergism between nickel and copper in their toxicity to microbes: mediation by pH. AB - The toxicity of a combination of nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) toward growth of heterotrophic microorganisms was greater than the sum of the toxicity of each metal individually. This synergism between Ni and Cu was potentiated at acidic pH levels, with the potentiation of the toxicity being, for some organisms, an effect of the acidic pH on the toxicity of the Ni, rather than of the Cu, component. For others, however, the potentiation was an effect of acidic pH on both the Ni and Cu components. The potentiation of the Ni-Cu synergistic interaction at acidic pH levels has relevance to the deposition of acid precipitation into environments contaminated with these metals. Furthermore, the occurrence of such synergistic interactions and their mediation by pH should be considered in the methodologies used to establish criteria for tolerable levels of metals in the environment. PMID- 6662061 TI - [Results of ultrasonic tomography in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases]. AB - A thickening of the stomach or intestinal wall as a result of neoplastic or inflammatory infiltrations can be principally recognized by sonography as a "Cocarde phenomen". The question of the accuracy of ultrasonic tomography in the recognition of infiltrative diseases of the gastrointestinal tract has been examined in a prospective study. 80 patients who were suspected of having such a disease were sonographed, using the real-time method. The diagnose were verified by an adequate comparative method, by surgery or autopsy. An infiltrative gastrointestinal disease was correctly diagnosed by sonography in 42 cases, including nine cases of gastric carcinoma and of 27 colon carcinoma. Two patients were suffering of Crohn's disease, and in the remaining four cases the final diagnoses were bulbitis, Menetrier's disease, diverticulitis and penetrating ulcus ventriculi, respectively. In 27 cases an infiltrative gastro-intestinal disease was correctly exclused by sonography. Ultrasonic examination wrongly produced a negative diagnosis in five cases and a positive in six. Thus, the efficiency of the examination was 0,86, the sensitivity 0,89 and the specifity 0,82. Ultrasonic tomography should therefore be assigned a major place in gastrointestinal diagnostics, too. It could point the way in many cases. It is not possible, however, to exclude a disease by means of sonography. PMID- 6662062 TI - [Endoscopic polypectomy of the stomach]. AB - As a result of selective biopsy of gastric polyps 77 hyperplastic, 36 hyperplasiogenous and 11 adenomas were found. By the introduction of endoscopic polypectomy 42 polyps were resected in toto and 39 could be removed. The histological result of the whole polyp showed that the most frequent form is the hyperplastiougenous type with 42.5%. Comparisons of the histological results of the whole polyp with the particles of the biopsy (selective biopsy) differ in 40%. The combination of the results of antral polyposis (type II) with those of an adenocarcinoma in the material affirmed our thesis that the hyperplasiogenous polyp is an indicator for a higher tendency of the gastric mucosa for developing a carcinoma. Follow-up observations of pseudopolypoid folts showed a spontaneous regression of about 50% after one year and of about 75% after four years. In this article tendencies regarding the relation between the patients age, the growth speed and the histological structure of the gastric polyps are discussed. PMID- 6662063 TI - [Symptomatology and therapy of atypical perforations of gastrointestinal ulcers]. AB - Starting from three patients, we observed the last three years, we discuss the pathogenesy and the symptomatology of different kinds of perforated gastroduodenal ulcers. We present a classification of these different kinds of adequate to the anatomical and pathological aspects and demonstrate the essential characteristics. We conclude with some aspects of nonsurgical treatment, which is possible in some few cases. PMID- 6662064 TI - [Determination of hepatic metabolic capacity: antipyrine pharmacokinetics in circulatory liver damage due to cardiac insufficiency]. AB - As it was demonstrated in a study, antipyrin halftime and clearance totalis are prolonged resp. reduced in patients with circulatory liver damage due to cardiac failure in myocardial infraction (group H) and in patients with chronic congested liver due to diseases of the heart valves (group V). group H: t50,2 +/- 11,7 h, Cltot 27 +/- 13,3 ml. min-1; group V: t50 19,3 +/- 6,3 h, Cltot 21,9 +/- 8,6 ml. min-1. Those patients with acute myocardial infarction and normal liver condition had a prolonged half-time as well though the clearance was decreased just insignificantly (t50 12 +/- 4,9 h, Cltot 42,6 +/- 15,8 ml. min-1). In the three groups we obtained the expected biochemical results. There was only a slight correlation of both the antipyrin half-time and the clearance totalis to biochemical parameters, Conclusions: In chronic inflammatory liver diseases and other forms of hepatic malfunctions as well as in circulatory liver damages the antipyrin half-time is influenced. Because of this reason, reduction of metabolic capacity should be expected. It is referred to necessary adaptation of the drug doses if capacity limiting medicaments are administered to patients with circulatory liver damage. PMID- 6662065 TI - [Trauma-induced thrombosis of the inferior vena cava]. AB - A 25 year old foreign patient, in his native country had a blunt polytrauma of the abdomen and of the thigh. The consequence was a complete thrombosis of the vena cava inferior in a distal position to the junction with the liver veins. The diagnosis was realized with phlebography, angiography and computertomography. The diaphragmatic part of the vena cava inferior and the liver veins were not affected by the thrombosis. The increasing edemas of the shank and a stasis ulcer which were the reason for the patients admission to the hospital could be treated successfully by Furosemid and Phenprocoumon within a period of 4 weeks. PMID- 6662066 TI - Sex difference in volume of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat. AB - The volume of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN) of normal male rats was significantly greater than that of normal female rats. Castration of day 1 neonatal males significantly reduced the volume of the VMN to a level comparable with that of normal females. However, the VMN volume was no longer influenced by castration on day 7. Injection of 1.25 mg testosterone propionate to 5- to 15-day-old females did not have any significant effect on the volume of the VMN. These results indicate that the volume of the VMN is sexually dimorphic and is modified by internal secretion of neonatal testes. PMID- 6662068 TI - The presence of LH components having different ratios of bioactivity to immunoreactivity in the rat pituitary glands. AB - The isoelectric components of LH have been isolated from the male rat pituitary glands by preparative isoelectric focusing. The biological activities of these components were measured in vitro from testosterone production in rat Leydig cells at equal doses and expressed as the equivalent of NIH-LH-S1 immunoreactivity. There were significant differences in the bioactivities among the components. The bioactivities of the components decreased with decreasing pI; components E (pI = 9.6) and F (pI = 9.8) showed about 5- to 6-fold higher activities than component A' (pI = 7.9). When the rat pituitary extracts were measured for LH by radioimmunoassay, and then measured for the ratio of biological activity to immunoreactivity (B:I), the order was as follows; intact female rats greater than intact male rats greater than orchidectomized rats. This phenomenon could be explained by the differences in the relative amounts of the LH components which changed according to the physiological states. These observations indicate that the LH components with different pIs and B:I ratio are related to the different estimation of total LH in the rat pituitary glands by bioassay and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6662067 TI - Changes in the characteristics of pulsatile LH secretion after estradiol implantation into the preoptic area and the basal hypothalamus in ovariectomized rats. AB - Intracranial actions of estradiol benzoate (EB) in modulating the characteristics of pulsatile LH secretion were examined in ovariectomized rats. A minute amount of crystalline EB was implanted into the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) or the preoptic suprachiasmatic area (POSC) and blood samples were collected at 6-min intervals for radioimmunoassay of serum LH concentrations. In rats with EB implanted in the MBH, the LH pulse amplitude decreased while the frequency did not change for 3 h after implantation. In rats bearing EB implants in the POSC, in contrast, the LH pulse frequency decreased without a significant variation in the pulse amplitude. Control animals with empty cannulae inserted into the MBH or POSC exhibited unchanged amplitude and frequency of LH secretory pulses. These results indicate that estrogen can regulate the amplitude and frequency of pulsatile LH secretion via mechanisms independent of each other. It appears that MBH and/or the pituitary is a site of the action of estrogen in decreasing LH pulse amplitude, while the POSC is a site of the steroid action in decreasing the pulse frequency. PMID- 6662069 TI - Detailed profile of prolactin secretion in the immature female rat: evidence for the existence of an ultradian rhythm. AB - The detailed profile of prolactin (PRL) secretion in 22-24 and 29-31 days old female rats was investigated by serial blood sampling through an intracardiac cannula at 15-min intervals for each of the 9 or 10-h periods beginning at 09.00 or 10.00 and 22.00 h. By analysis of the power spectrum and the least squares method the time series of PRL concentrations which were measured by RIA were found to have approximately a 3-h period ultradian rhythm in either sampling period of both the 22-24 and 29-31 days old rats. The peak times calculated based on the acrophase estimated through the calculation of periodicity were concentrated around 12.00, 15.00 and 18.00 h for the sampling period 10.00-19.00, and 24.00, 03.00 and 06.00 h for the sampling period 22.00-07.00 h. However, in more than half of the animals at 22-24 days of age, one secretory episode around 12.00 h, and two secretory episodes around 24.00 and 03.00 h had markedly small amplitudes, making the remaining secretory episodes distinct diurnal and nocturnal surges, respectively. In the animals at 29-31 days of age, the amplitudes of the PRL episodes occurring around 12.00 h were markedly small, making the remaining two episodes as diurnal surges, whereas the amplitudes of PRL secretory episodes during the period 22.00-07.00 h were analogous to each other. These findings indicate that the semicircadian rhythm of PRL secretion is established on the basis of PRL secretion with the 3.0-h period ultradian rhythm. PMID- 6662070 TI - Effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on excitability of tubero-infundibular neurons in rat hypothalamic slices. AB - The effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on antidromically identified tubero infundibular (TI) neurons was examined in hypothalamic slices of ovariectomized female rats. Twenty antidromically evoked spikes were obtained in the medial basal hypothalamus, including the arcuate and ventromedial nuclei, by electrical stimulation of the median eminence. Sixteen of them had a notch in the rising phase and fractionation of the initial segment (IS)- and somatodendritic (SD) spikes was elicited by repeated stimulation at frequencies higher than 10 Hz. The application of 0.5-1.5 mM GABA to the incubation medium inhibited SD spikes in 7 of these 16 neurons. The latency, amplitude and threshold of IS spikes were not affected by GABA except for one spike whose latency fluctuated. On the remaining 9 neurons having the notch, no effect of 5-10 mM GABA was discernible. Four of 20 antidromically evoked spikes, which had a smooth rising phase and a shorter duration, were not inhibited by 5-10 mM GABA, but a fluctuation of the latency was observed in one neuron. Fifteen neurons having spontaneous unit activity were also obtained in the arcuate nucleus and its adjacent area and tested with GABA. In 10 of the 15 neurons, spontaneous unit activity disappeared following 0.1-1.5 mM GABA perfusion, while the firing rate in the remaining 5 neurons was not affected by 5-10 mM GABA. These results provide evidence for a direct inhibitory effect of GABA on TI neurons and support the involvement of GABAergic neurons in regulating neuroendocrine functions. PMID- 6662071 TI - Pulsatile secretion of prolactin and oxytocin during nursing in the lactating rat. AB - The secretory profile of prolactin and oxytocin in response to suckling stimuli by litters was studied in unanesthetized and urethane-anesthetized lactating rats. Serum prolactin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Oxytocin released at milk-ejection reflex was monitored by the changes in the intramammary pressure and/or the characteristic pup's reaction associated with the milk ejection. Serum prolactin concentrations began to rise earlier than the first milk ejection in unanesthetized rats, but they were never elevated without the appearance of milk ejections in urethane-anesthetized rats. Pulsatile fluctuation in serum prolactin levels at 6-15 min intervals was observed in the nursing period when 10 pups were suckling continually. The intermittent milk-ejection reflex occurred not always but preponderantly (64-91%) when the serum prolactin levels were at the nadir of the fluctuation. Injection of an estimated dose of oxytocin released at each milk ejection (1 mU) did not change the serum prolactin levels. These results indicate that the mechanism for prolactin release may be more susceptible to the effects of anesthesia than that for oxytocin release in response to the suckling stimuli and that the release of both the hormones is pulsatile in nature and be influenced by a common biological clock during the nursing period. PMID- 6662072 TI - Effect of rise in plasma osmotic pressure on the milk-ejection reflex in the rat. AB - The effect of an increase in plasma osmolality on the milk-ejection reflex of rats was studied. The lactating rats, at day 8-12 of lactation, were anesthetized with urethane (1.1 g/kg, i.p.) and 8-11 pups which had been separated from their mother 16-18 h were put to the nipples to suckle. In 21 of 47 rats studied an intermittent pattern of milk ejection was recorded with a latency of 15-74 min (group-I rats). The mean interval between recurring milk ejections was 8.3 +/- 0.6 (S.E.M.) min and the mean amount of oxytocin released at each milk ejection estimated in 11 of them was 0.26 +/- 0.04 mU. The remaining 26 rats showed no milk ejection throughout the nursing period of more than 90 min (group-II rats). The intraperitoneal injection of 1.5 M NaCl (1 ml) had no effect on the interval between milk ejections but increased the amount of oxytocin released at each milk ejection by 2.4 times in group-I rats, as the plasma osmolality changed from 297.9 +/- 2.7 mOsm/kg to 310.4 +/- 3.6 mOsm/kg. On the other hand, the 1.5 M NaCl injection induced recurring reflex milk-ejections in all of the group-II rats, while the plasma osmolality increased from 307 +/- 2.8 mOsm/kg to 320 +/- 3.1 mOsm/kg. The mean interval was not significantly different from that observed in the group-I rats. The sensitivity of the mammary gland to oxytocin was not altered by the 1.5 M NaCl injection. The injection of isotonic NaCl had no effect on the milk-ejection reflex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662074 TI - The ultrastructure of rat type II pneumocytes: effects of age, sex, and strain. AB - The morphology of type II pneumocytes was investigated in Fischer 344 and Sprague Dawley rats to determine whether differences in age, sex, and/or genetic strain influence type II cell ultrastructure. In Fischer 344 rats the type II pneumocytes increased in size with age due to an increase in the cytoplasmic component of the cell. Although mitochondrial volume density increased with age no significant changes in lamellar body volume density or lamellar body size were detected. No ultrastructural differences were observed between the type II cells in 6-week-old male and female Fischer 344 rats. However, substantial ultrastructural differences were found to exist among type II cells from the Fischer and Sprague-Dawley strains. Lamellar body volume density was 60% greater, P less than 0.001, in the Fischer rats due to the larger size of individual lamellar bodies. While mitochondrial volume density was also 22% greater in the Fischer rats, P less than 0.01, type II cell size was similar in the two strains. These results indicate that the ultrastructure of type II cells can differ within a genetically inbred strain as a function of age as well as between genetically different strains of the same species. PMID- 6662073 TI - Detection of immunoreactive human placental oxytocin and its contractile effect on the uterine muscle. AB - Freshly obtained human placentas from various periods of gestation were quantitatively analysed for their immunoreactive oxytocin (OT) content and its biological activity was examined in a Magnus apparatus by utilizing rat uterus. The mean values for placental immunoreactive OT per gram tissue increased from the first to the second trimester, maintaining its high level to term. The total content of placental OT also increased continually from the beginning of pregnancy to term. Blood levels of estrogen stimulated neurophysin (ESN) and OT were concomitantly enhanced through gestation. Placental extract and synthetic OT showed similar peaks in the elution pattern of ion-exchange chromatography through a carboxymethyl cellulose column. Synthetic OT and placental extract induced marked uterine contraction in diestrous rats. However placental extract previously incubated with OT antiserum failed to induce this effect. Though detection of immunoreactive OT by immunoassay alone does not provide definite identification of pituitary and placental OT, the present study suggests that placental immunoreactive OT could have a contracting effect on the uterine muscle. PMID- 6662077 TI - The San Francisco Bay epidemiology studies on asbestos in drinking water and cancer incidence: relationship to studies in other locations and pointers for further research. PMID- 6662076 TI - Increased recovery of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes following repeated lavage of sheep lung in vivo. AB - The effect of bronchopulmonary lavage of adult sheep with sterile saline on the number and type of cells recovered in subsequent lavages was studied. We found that neutrophils increased from negligible numbers to 66 +/- 29 X 10(6) per lung (p less than 0.05), one day following the initial lavage. Alveolar macrophages also increased, from 39 +/- 4 to 69 +/- 13 X 10(6) per lung (p less than 0.005) 4 days following the initial lavage. Lymphocytes increased from 14 +/- 2 to 56 +/- 17 X 10(6) per lung (p less than 0.05) after 1 day, and remained elevated through 4 days. Numbers of all three cell types returned to baseline by the 7th day. No changes in numbers of neutrophils or macrophages were noted when the contralateral lung was lavaged 1 or 3 days after the original lavage. Cell types in peripheral blood were unchanged 24 hours after the initial lavage. We conclude that factors released in response to lavage act locally to produce increases in neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages which return to normal after 7 days. PMID- 6662078 TI - Assessment of studies on cancer risks from asbestos in Connecticut drinking water. PMID- 6662075 TI - Comparison of nonciliated tracheal epithelial cells in six mammalian species: ultrastructure and population densities. AB - Three types of nonciliated epithelial cells in mammalian conducting respiratory airways are thought to be secretory: mucous (goblet) cells, serous epithelial cells, and Clara cells. Mucous and serous cells are considered to be the secretory cells of the trachea. Clara cells are considered to be the secretory cells of the most distal conducting airways or bronchioles. To ascertain if mucous and serous epithelial cells are common to the tracheal epithelium of mammalian species, we characterized the ultrastructure and population densities of tracheal epithelial cells in six species: hamster (H), rat (Rt), rabbit (Rb), cat (C), Bonnet monkey (M. radiata) (B), and sheep (S). Following fixation by airway infusion with glutaraldehyde/paraformaldehyde, tracheal tissue was processed for light and electron microscopy (EM) by a selective embedding technique. Tracheal epithelium over cartilage was quantitated by light microscopy and characterized by transmission EM. Mucous cells were defined by abundant large nonhomogeneous granules, numerous Golgi complexes, basally located nuclei and granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER). The percentage of mucous cells in the tracheal epithelium was: H (0%), Rt (0.5%), Rb (1.3%), C (20.2%), B (8%), S (5.1%). Serous cells had homogeneous, electron-dense granules and extensive GER. Serous cells were present only in rats (39.2%). Clara cells had homogeneous electron-dense granules, abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum (AER) and basal GER. Clara cells were found in hamsters (41.4%) and rabbits (17.6%). In sheep trachea, 35.9% of the epithelial cells had small electron-lucent granules, abundant AER and numerous Golgi complexes. In Bonnet monkey trachea, 16% of the epithelial cells had small electron-lucent granules, numerous polyribosomes, perinuclear Golgi apparatus and moderate GER. In cat trachea, 5.4% of the epithelial cells lacked granules, and had moderate numbers of mitochondria, moderate amounts of polyribosomes, a central nucleus, and long luminal microvilli. The percentage of the tracheal epithelial population occupied by basal, ciliated and nonciliated cells was: H (5.6%, 47.5%, 46.7%), Rt (13.4%, 40.6%, 45.9%), Rb (28.2%, 43.0%, 28.3%), C (37.3%, 36.1%, 26.7%), B (31%, 41%, 28%), S (28.5%, 30.6%, 41%). We conclude: 1) mucous and serous cells are not common to the tracheal epithelial lining of all mammalian species; 2) there is significant interspecies heterogeneity in the abundance, distribution and ultrastructure of tracheal secretory cells; 3) potential differences in the roles of nonciliated cells in tracheal function exists within tracheal epithelial populations and between species. PMID- 6662079 TI - Comments on the California studies. PMID- 6662080 TI - Human cancer risk from ingested asbestos: a problem of uncertainty. PMID- 6662081 TI - Relative source contributions of diet and air to ingested asbestos exposure. AB - Reliable assessments of the relative contributions of diet (food, beverages, and orally administered drugs) and air (inhaled fibers) to total ingested asbestos exposure are not feasible due to the paucity of quantitative data on the subject. Instead, scenarios for both modes of exposure were developed from the limited information available to give crude estimates of ingestion of asbestos from these routes. They suggest that such sources are potentially significant relative to the contribution of asbestos exposure derived from drinking water. Research recommendations are discussed. PMID- 6662083 TI - Use of quantitative analysis of urine to assess exposure to asbestos fibers in drinking water in the Puget Sound region. AB - An earlier epidemiologic and electron microscopy study of drinking water in the Everett area of Washington State indicated large numbers of naturally occurring chrysotile asbestos fibers in the water. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether significant numbers of asbestos fiber could be demonstrated in the urine of donors residing in that area for less than 3 yr and over 20 yr where the tapwater contained about 200 X 10(6) fibers/L. A control group was obtained from Seattle where the tapwater asbestos fiber content was 100 times less. Urine samples, filtered control water, tapwater samples, and additional controls were processed for transmission electron microscopy by the use of the Nuclepore membrane filter-Jaffe wick procedure. Interference by mucus in the urine was reduced by treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Samples were taken over a period of 21 months. At no time during this period did the asbestos content of the urine samples consistently exceed that of the control waters. There was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) in the asbestos content of urine samples from subjects with less than 3 yr residence times versus greater than 20 yr. Asbestos concentration in urine samples from Everett residents as a whole did not differ significantly from that in samples from Seattle residents. Variable degrees of chrysotile contamination of control water samples and of Nuclepore membrane filters presented a problem. At present, the data are inconclusive but would suggest no relationship between high concentrations of fibers in drinking water and the numbers estimated for voided urine. PMID- 6662082 TI - Review of published studies on gut penetration by ingested asbestos fibers. AB - During the 1970s, potential health risks associated with exposure to asbestos in drinking water became a national concern. One of the key questions that arose from debate over whether ingestion of mineral fibers could result in increased gastrointestinal cancer risk was whether fibers can penetrate the gastrointestinal mucosa and thus have some chance of residing in tissue. It is likely that such movement of a large number of fibers is a necessary precursor for carcinogenesis following ingestion of asbestos. Studies of the potential for fiber accumulation in tissues and body fluids following introduction of asbestos to the alimentary canal have provided seemingly contradictory observations. This review, which places particular emphasis on the impact of experimental and analytical limitations on the evidential strengths of each study, indicates the likelihood that a very small fraction of ingested microscopic asbestos fibers penetrates the gastrointestinal mucosa. A reliable estimate of the magnitude of long-term fiber retention in tissues as a consequence of chronic human ingestion of asbestos cannot be made at this time. PMID- 6662084 TI - Transmigration of ingested asbestos. AB - There has been speculation that the ingestion of asbestos in food and drinking water may play some role in the etiology of cancer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. An important question in the evaluation of the possible human cancer risk associated with asbestos ingestion is whether fibers can penetrate into and through the GI tract in sufficient numbers to cause adverse systemic or local effects. Factors that complicate interpretation of the available data on the transmigration of ingested asbestos are discussed, and the preliminary results of our ongoing investigation of the penetration of amosite fibers into the normal and abnormal intestinal mucosa of the Wistar rat are reported. PMID- 6662085 TI - Asbestos penetration of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6662086 TI - Asbestos in drinking water: a status report. AB - The conference is briefly reviewed in the light of its impact on future regulatory decisions regarding the possible control of asbestos fiber in drinking water. The results of animal feeding studies indicate that asbestos fails to demonstrate toxicity in whole-animal lifetime exposures. The epidemiologic evidence of risk from ingestion of water containing asbestos fibers is not convincing, and in view of the lack of confirmation by animal studies, the existence of a risk has not been proven; however occupational gastrointestinal cancer may indicate ingestion risk. Whether or not there is a risk from asbestos in drinking water, however, common sense tells us to deal with an undesirable situation by employing means that are commonly and economically available. Well known methods can minimize the presence of asbestos fibers in finished drinking water. In the case of natural fiber in raw water, standard or augmented filtration practices are extremely effective. If the source of asbestos fiber is asbestos-cement pipe that is being attacked by corrosive water, then, there is more than sufficient economic reason to correct the corrosivity of the water. PMID- 6662087 TI - Additional thoughts on the review of epidemiologic studies related to ingested asbestos. PMID- 6662088 TI - Additional notes on the case-control study in western Washington on the cancer risk from asbestos in drinking water. PMID- 6662089 TI - Additional comments on the study of the effect of population density on the results of the California Bay area study. PMID- 6662090 TI - Answers to some questions raised by the presentation on the graphical analysis of the interrelationships between waterborne asbestos, digestive system cancer and population density. PMID- 6662091 TI - Additional notes on the use of quantitative analysis of urine to assess exposure to asbestos fibers in drinking water in the Puget Sound region. PMID- 6662092 TI - Accumulation of ingested asbestos fibers in rat tissues over time. AB - With the use of the transmission electron microscope, asbestos fibers have been assessed in kidney cortex of four groups of rats previously exposed to intermediate-range feeding grade chrysotile asbestos. Newborn rats, from mothers gavaged with asbestos during pregnancy, were gavaged twice a week at the dose level of 50 mg/kg beginning at age day 7 until their natural death or sacrifice. The rats were divided into four groups by age: 0-200, 200-400, 400-600 and 600 800 days. Of the 20 rats comprising the four test groups, 17 were positive, average fiber recovery being 5.34 X 10(3)/mg dry weight. Average fiber level in control tissues was 0.23 X 10(3)/mg dry weight. Fiber recovery in tissues from control animals was shown to be significantly lower (p less than 0.005) than that from test tissues. Test groups showed highly significant differences (p less than 0.005) from each other in the fiber levels. Dose-response relationship was not significant (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). The length distribution and the alterations in morphology of the recovered fibers are described. This study is consistent with the passage of chrysotile asbestos across the gastrointestinal wall. PMID- 6662093 TI - Asbestos in water supplies of the United States. AB - The review of available data on the concentrations of asbestos in U.S. water supplies suggests that the majority of water consumers are not exposed to asbestos concentrations over 1 million fibers/Liter. A few populations, however, may be exposed to concentrations over 1 billion fibers/L. Of the 538 water supplies for which waterborne asbestos data are available, 8% have concentrations of fibers over 10 million fibers/L. The vast majority of asbestos fibers found in U.S. water supplies are under 5 micron in length. PMID- 6662094 TI - Critical review of epidemiologic studies related to ingested asbestos. AB - Thirteen epidemiologic studies of ingested asbestos conducted in five areas of the United States and Canada were reviewed and evaluated for the definitiveness and applicability regarding the development of ambient water quality standards. One or more studies found male or female associations between asbestos in water supplies and cancer mortality (or incidence) due to neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, gallbladder, pancreas, peritoneum, lungs, pleura, prostate, kidneys, brain, and thyroid, and also due to leukemia. Several methodologic weaknesses and limitations were found in each study, leading to the determination that no individual study or aggregation of studies exist that would establish risk levels from ingested asbestos. A binomial probability analysis of the eight independent studies suggested that, while the level of male female agreement was generally low, the number of observed positive associations in males and females for neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and prostate was unlikely to have been generated by chance factors alone, and thus, may have a biological basis related to ingested asbestos. Cancers of the small intestine and leukemia were implicated to a lesser degree in this analysis. The patterns of integrated findings for most gastrointestinal cancers were somewhat consistent with patterns observed among asbestos-exposed occupational groups, whereas the patterns found for pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, and leukemia were not consistent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662095 TI - Cancer risk from asbestos in drinking water: summary of a case-control study in western Washington. AB - We conducted a case-control, interview-based study of the risk of developing cancer from asbestos in drinking water. An area that included Everett, Washington, was selected for the study because of the unusually high concentration of chrysotile asbestos in drinking water from the Sultan River. Through a population-based tumor registry, 382 individuals with cancer of the buccal cavity, pharynx, respiratory system, digestive system, bladder, or kidneys, diagnosed between 1977 and 1980, were identified, and they or their next of kin were interviewed. We conducted validation checks of our interviews, including a comparison with secondary sources. Data on asbestos exposure were collected based on residence and workplace history, and on individual water consumption. Logistic regression was used to estimate cancer risk. We found no convincing evidence for increased cancer risk from imbibed asbestos. Confidence intervals for relative risks for almost all sites included unity. There were significantly elevated risks only for male stomach and male pharyngeal cancer, but these sex-inconsistent results, based on small numbers of cases, are probably due to other factors. PMID- 6662096 TI - Observations of cancer incidence surveillance in Duluth, Minnesota. AB - In 1973, amphibole asbestos fibers were discovered in the municipal water supply of Duluth, Minnesota. The entire city population of approximately 100,000 was exposed from the late 1950s through 1976 at levels of 1-65 million fibers per liter of water. Because of previous epidemiologic studies that linked mesothelioma, lung and gastrointestinal cancers to occupational exposure to asbestos, surveillance of cancer incidence in residents of Duluth was initiated to determine the health effect from ingestion of asbestos. The methodology of the Third National Cancer Survey (TNCS) and SEER Program was used. Duluth 1969-1971 rates were compared with TNCS rates for the cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul during 1969-1971; Duluth rates during 1974-1976 are compared with Duluth 1969 1971; Duluth rates during 1979-1980 are compared with Duluth 1969-1971 and with Iowa SEER; and a table of the occurrence of malignant mesothelioma is presented. Statistically significant excesses are observed in several primary sites in Duluth residents. However, lung cancer in Duluth females is the only primary site considered also of biological significance. The mesothelioma incidence rate is no more than expected. This paper also describes the problems of long-term surveillance of exposed populations considered at risk of environment cancer, the need for improved study methodologies and the use of federal records for follow up of exposed individuals. PMID- 6662097 TI - A graphical analysis of the interrelationships among waterborne asbestos, digestive system cancer and population density. AB - Five statistical procedures were used to partial the correlation between waterborne asbestos and digestive site cancer for the putative effects of population density. These include: analysis based on a data subset with roughly homogeneous population density; standard residual analysis (partial correlation); conditional probability integral transformation; analysis based upon ranked data, and use of logarithmic transformation. Nonparametric regression graphical techniques are applied to examine the nature or shape of the asbestos-cancer dose response curve. Evidence is presented that suggests that there is considerable difference between analyses involving nonhigh-density tracts and non-San Francisco tracts. Evidence is also presented that the modal-type nonparametric regression curve forks or bifurcates when adjustment is made for population density. PMID- 6662099 TI - Driving ability following the subchronic application of lormetazepam, flurazepam and placebo. PMID- 6662098 TI - Comparing epidemiologic studies of ingested asbestos for use in risk assessment. AB - Epidemiologic data can be used in risk assessment in various ways: to calculate the dose-response relationship between exposure levels and adverse effects; to establish ranges of exposure known to be safe or unsafe; to verify an endpoint in humans derived from a route or species extrapolation; to support assumptions necessary for performing extrapolation procedures. These points are illustrated in the risk assessment for exposure to asbestos in drinking water. A previous risk assessment for asbestos, the EPA's Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC) for Asbestos, was derived from cohort studies of inhalation exposure. Epidemiologic studies of ingested asbestos, all of geographical correlation design, were compared on the basis of their ability to add information in support of both the route extrapolation and low-dose extrapolation used in this risk assessment. Results of these ingestion studies were inconsistent due to variable ability to detect a risk from chronic low-level exposure. After preliminary comparisons of factors that determine scientific validity and statistical power, two ingestion studies were selected to determine if they had the potential to detect the risk predicted by the AWQC. This evaluation has shown that these studies do not offer quantitative data for estimating levels associated with a defined risk. Due to short exposure duration and limited power, clearly safe and clearly unsafe ranges could not be definitely identified. The most appropriate ingestion studies suggest, but do not prove, the endpoint derived from the route extrapolation in the AWQC. PMID- 6662100 TI - A method for measuring the load imposed on the back of a sitting person. PMID- 6662101 TI - Speed of forward hand movement--the effect of age, sex, posture and hand. PMID- 6662102 TI - The effects of toluene and alcohol on psychomotor performance. PMID- 6662105 TI - o-Phthalaldehyde, a fluorescence probe of aldolase active site. AB - Conditions were determined in which approximately one mole of omicron phthalaldehyde reacts with one mole of aldolase subunit yielding a stable fluorescent isoindole derivative. During this chemical modification, a linear relationship was observed between the enzyme inactivation and absorbance change (337 nm) or fluorescence change (lambda em 420 nm, and lambda ex 338 nm) characteristic for isoindole ring formation. The reaction follows second-order kinetics, k = 1.1 X 10(3) M-1 S-1, in 50 mM borate buffer, pH 8.4 at 25 degrees C. The modification of aldolase results in loss of approximately one -SH group per protein subunit. The enzyme is protected against modification by substrates and competitive inhibitors. Essentially no isoindole derivative is formed when the glycerol-1-phosphate-lysyl derivative of aldolase is used for modification studies. It is concluded that aldolase modification occurs at the active-site region. Isolation of cross-linked peptides suggests that Lys-227 and Cys-336 are involved in formation of the isoindole derivative. This result supports Cys-336 as the active-site cysteine necessary for aldolase catalytic activity. Fluorescence studies have shown that the isoindole group linked to aldolase has its lambda max, em markedly shifted toward shorter wavelength in comparison to the fluorescence of free isoindole derivatives in aqueous solution. In model studies a linear relationship between lambda max, em of 1-(beta-hydroxyethylthio) 2-beta-hydroxyethylisoindole and the solvent polarity or acidity was observed. The results of the studies suggest that the microenvironment of the cleft in aldolase which binds isoindole appears to be of low acidity and low polarity. The apparent low polarity experienced by the isoindole probe may be due to its location in an actual low-polarity portion of the active site, or may be due to non-relaxing surroundings of the probe. PMID- 6662104 TI - Analysis of competition for substrate sites in an allosteric enzyme with co operative kinetics. Effects of dAMP and dUMP on donkey spleen deoxycytidylate aminohydrolase. AB - Hypotheses about the interactions of effectors with conformations of allosteric enzymes having co-operative kinetics can be tested simply and exactly without knowledge of the nature of the intersubunit co-operativity by using a linkage approach to the analysis of steady-state kinetics. Applying this approach to competition for substrate sites in the allosteric enzyme donkey spleen dCMP aminohydrolase, we show that the kinetics are consistent with the hypothesis that the substrate dCMP and the competitor dAMP, as well as the allosteric activator dCTP, bind exclusively to the same conformation of the enzyme subunits. The linkage test can be applied in the presence of other effectors without knowledge of how these interact with the enzyme. Our tests showed that dCMP and DAMP are still bound exclusively to this same conformation in the presence of the product dUMP or of the allosteric inhibitor dTTP. We give evidence that dUMP binds to the same conformation as dCMP, but that it is also bound to other conformation(s). The advantages of the linkage approach, and some general problems in steady-state kinetics of allosteric enzymes, are discussed. PMID- 6662103 TI - Subjective discomfort in a simulated repetitive task. PMID- 6662107 TI - Resolution of the discrepancy between a gene translation--termination codon and the deduced sequence for release of the encoded polypeptide. AB - The translation-termination codon of the synthetase gene of the RNA phage MS2 has been determined, by nucleotide sequencing and suppression studies in vitro, to be UAG. However in one of the only two studies on the signals for polypeptide chain release at the end of genes, Capecchi and Klein [(1970) Nature (Lond.) 226, 1029 1033] deduced that the synthetase of an almost identical phage, R17, is released at UAA. Here we show that under certain conditions the synthetase is released at the UAG terminator but that this UAG is especially prone to read-through with resulting release at the downstream UAA codon. The possible significance of the UAG being in a context prone to leakiness is discussed but is unresolved. PMID- 6662106 TI - Modification of ribosomal proteins in sea urchin eggs following fertilization. AB - Analysis of the ribosomal proteins in sea urchin eggs by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed postfertilization changes in the proteins of both the small and the large subunits. Five egg-ribosomal proteins (S7, S16, S19, L19, L31) appeared to undergo rapid changes to the corresponding embryo-specific proteins. These changes were completed within 30 min after fertilization, and identical electrophoretic patterns were observed among the different developmental stages of embryos. One of the five proteins, S7, showed an increase in the phosphorylated form. The remainder showed qualitative shifts to the corresponding embryo-specific proteins; however, peptide map analyses revealed the existence of common structural units between the corresponding proteins. These modifications were observed in the three species of sea urchin studied (Pseudocentrotus depressus, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and Anthocidaris crassispina), except in the case of one protein (L31). Purification of ribosomes by different procedures based on high-salt treatment gave the same results with respect to the egg-specific and embryo-specific proteins. PMID- 6662108 TI - Exodeoxyribonuclease from rat brain specific for single-stranded DNA. AB - An exodeoxynuclease with single-stranded DNA specificity has been isolated from rat brain and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. Approximately 1100-fold purification with a yield of 16% has been achieved by chromatography on DNA agarose, hydroxyapatite and Sephadex G-200. The enzyme has a pH optimum at 8.4, requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ as a cofactor and has a molecular weight of about 60000. It hydrolyzes homologous, heterologous, synthetic and depurinated substrates at the same rate liberating nucleoside 5'-monophosphates but does not attack ultraviolet irradiated polydeoxyribonucleotides. This DNase is localized predominantly in neuronal cell nuclei and appears to be lacking in rat liver tissue. PMID- 6662109 TI - Conformational properties of phospholipases A2. Secondary-structure prediction, circular dichroism and relative interface hydrophobicity. AB - The sequences of 32 phospholipases A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) were analysed by secondary structure prediction and the results were compared with the available crystallographic data. Good agreement is evident between prediction and experiment, especially for helical structure. Circular dichroic spectra were also determined for six enzymes from Elapid snake venom and these, in association with previously published spectra, confirm the main implication of the predictions, namely that all the homologues have qualitatively similar tertiary structures. Consideration was then given to possible structure/activity relationships in the light of the above findings. The relative hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the area of the enzyme thought to interact with lipid/water interfaces was predicted and certain correlations were noted with relative penetrating power, species of origin and the presence of beta-neurotoxic properties. PMID- 6662110 TI - Classification of phospholipases A2 according to sequence. Evolutionary and pharmacological implications. AB - The sequences of 32 phospholipases A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) were systematically compared on the basis of polypeptide chain length and similarity at selected amino acid positions around the active site. Two difference matrices were constructed and the various groupings present in the data were expressed in dendrogram form. The two methods of comparison yielded different results, and this is seen as a consequence of separate aspects of phospholipase evolution being highlighted in each case. It appears that, although Elapid snake venom phospholipases are very similar in terms of overall conformation, the area around their active sites distinguishes them into two major groups, namely the Asian Elapids and the marine/Australasian Elapids. Further, the Asian Elapids seem to have active-site vicinities which are closer to those in the mammalian pancreatic phospholipases. The relevance of the classifications to structure/activity relationships (especially beta-neurotoxicity) and phospholipase evolution is discussed. PMID- 6662111 TI - Isolation and characterization of a cytochrome b-f complex from pea chloroplasts. AB - A cytochrome b-f complex has been extracted from pea chloroplast membranes with octyl glucoside and cholate and has been purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of Triton X 100 and sodium deoxycholate. The complex contains cytochromes f and b-563 in a ratio of 1:2, but shows very low levels of the Rieske iron sulphur centre and plastoquinol-plastocyanin oxidoreductase activity. The complex consists of four polypeptides of molecular weights 37300, 34000, 19500 and 15200. The complex is dissociated by electrophoresis in the presence of 2M urea to give pure preparations of cytochrome f and cytochrome b-563, which on sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis give single bands of apparent molecular weights 37300 and 19500 respectively. PMID- 6662112 TI - Changes in proteoglycan composition of F9 teratocarcinoma cells upon differentiation. AB - Teratocarcinoma cells (F9) were induced to differentiate by retinoic acid and then labelled with [3H]-glucosamine and [35S]-sulphate. Proteoglycans were then isolated from the plasma membranes and the culture medium by mild, dissociative, non-shear-dependent techniques. The undifferentiated cells were devoid of hyaluronic acid and contained negligible quantities of heparan sulphate, dermatan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate. Upon differentiation, the cells synthesized large amounts of hyaluronic acid and there was a threefold increase in the amount of membrane-bound sulphated proteoglycans. The differentiated cells also synthesized a proteoglycan (PGM-2) which was shed completely into the medium. It consisted of a large protein core with covalently linked sugar chains which were sulphated and had an approximate molecular weight of 12000. These sugar chains consisted of glucosamine and galactose in a molar ratio of 1:1 and contained a small quantity of mannose. Upon differentiation of the cells the amount of this molecule increased by threefold. This molecule was distinct from other proteoglycans since it was resistant to degradation by heparanase, chondroitinases, hyaluronidase and neuraminidase, but could be degraded by keratanase. Structurally it was very similar to keratan sulphate, consisting of alternating residues of (-Gal-GlcNAc-) in chains of approximately 20 such disaccharide units. PMID- 6662113 TI - The expression of different monooxygenases supported by cytochrome P-450 in neonatal rats and in primary fetal hepatocytes in culture. AB - In rat liver, the perinatal development of various monooxygenase activities follows different patterns, depending upon the reaction studied. The ontogeny of the 6 beta-, 7 alpha- and 16 alpha-testosterone hydroxylase activities differs very significantly. Aldrin epoxidase and steroid-metabolizing monooxygenases are expressed in primary fetal rat liver cells in culture after treatment in vitro with dexamethasone. Testosterone is not metabolized by the control cells and is hydroxylated on the 6 beta and 16 alpha positions following the addition of corticoids to the culture medium. The dose and time curves vary according to the hydroxylated position of the steroid. Aldrin epoxidase activity is nearly undetectable in the control cells, but is present and is inducible by phenobarbital following treatment with the corticoid. Phenobarbital induces aldrin epoxidase in the absence of dexamethasone in the culture medium, providing that the cells are pretreated with the corticoid for 48 h. The use of antibodies against the main cytochrome P-450 species purified from adult and phenobarbital treated rats confirms that a similar cytochrome P-450 can be induced in fetal cells in culture. The perinatal regulation of biological events, such as the expression of the monooxygenases, can be reproduced in fetal rat liver cells in culture; such a model constitutes a unique tool for studying the biochemical mechanisms which control these phenomena. PMID- 6662114 TI - Right ventricular infarction: clinical, hemodynamic, mono- and two-dimensional echocardiographic features. AB - In a series of 75 patients with transmural acute myocardial infarction, a right to left ventricular filling pressure ratio equal to or greater than 0.65 was assumed to be indicative of associated right ventricular infarction. Eleven (24%) out of 45 patients with infero-posterior myocardial infarction had such hemodynamic evidence of right ventricular infarction (Group A). The remaining 34 patients with infero-posterior myocardial infarction (Group B) and the 30 patients with anterior myocardial infarction did not. Two-dimentional echocardiographic examination performed 5 days after admission in the 62 patients who survived, showed right ventricular free wall asynergy in six out of eight Group A patients: in three of them right ventricular enlargement was present. No patient in Group B inferior infarction or with anterior myocardial infarction had abnormal right ventricular motion or dimensions. PMID- 6662115 TI - Alterations of systolic time intervals in the assessment of myocardial function during hypertensive pregnancy. AB - The alterations in the systolic time intervals caused by hypertension during pregnancy have been investigated. A group of 20 women who developed hypertension only during pregnancy (HP), and a group of 16 women who began pregnancy with established hypertension (EHP) were matched with 25 normal pregnant women (N). the study was performed (1) during the third trimester, (2) five days after delivery and (3) five weeks after delivery, both in supine and in lateral postures. In the third trimester the two hypertensive groups, when compared with the normal group, were characterized by a shorter left ventricular ejection time (LVETi: 407 +/- 3 ms for the normal group v. 390 +/- 2 ms for the HPO group, P less than 0.001; v. 398 +/- 2 ms for the EHP group, P less than 0.02), and a longer pre-ejection period (PEPi: 138 +/- 2 ms for the normal group v. 154 +/- 2 ms for the HP group P less than 0.001; v. 145 +/- 1 ms for the EHP group, P less than 0.05). When the two hypertensive groups were compared with each other the HP group showed a shortened LVET and a prolonged PEP (P less than 0.01), and also a slower heart rate (HP 74 +/- 3 b min-1. EHP 83 +/- 3 b min-1 P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662116 TI - Characteristics of atrio-His conduction in the short PR interval, normal QRS complex syndrome. Evidence for enhanced slow-pathway conduction. AB - This study confirms the existence of accelerated conduction via a fast atrio-His pathway in patients with the so-called Lown-Ganong-Levine (LGL) syndrome. Additional slow AH pathway conduction was detected in about 50% of patients. Comparison of slow pathway conduction characteristics in the LGL syndrome with AH conduction in age-matched normals and patients with dual AV nodal pathways revealed that the 'slower' of dual AH pathways in LGL patients also exhibits relatively enhanced conduction. This finding cannot be explained by the presence of an anomalous AH pathway ('James' fibre') bypassing a normal AV node. It is suggested that a non-specific and as yet unknown effect causes enhanced conduction throughout the AV junction in patients with the LGL syndrome. PMID- 6662117 TI - Forward and backward waves in the arterial system, their relationship to pressure waves form. AB - The purpose of this work was to analyze, in human subjects, the shape of the aortic pressure wave from its forward and backward components calculated by use of Westerhof's model. Twenty-nine patients were studied: 11 normal subjects, 11 hypertensive patients and 7 patients with congestive heart failure. The following measurements and calculations were performed both under control conditions and during either angiotensin infusion in 5 normal subjects or nitroprusside infusion in 6 hypertensive patients: cardiac output, aortic blood pressure (catheter tip micromanometer), blood flow velocity (electromagnetic catheter-tip velocity transducer) in the ascending aorta, aortic impedance and reflection coefficients allowing the calculation of the aortic forward and backward pressure waves. The results show that the shape of aortic pressure wave in hypertensive patients is related to increased arterial wall stiffness which determines greater values and overlap of the forward and backward waves. This result is corroborated by the changes observed during angiotensin infusion in normal subjects. The shape of pressure wave in heart failure patients is dicrotic. This shape is related to smaller values and overlap of forward and backward waves. This appears related to a reduced stroke volume. During peripheral vasodilation the shape of pressure wave in hypertensive patients becomes dicrotic. However, this was mainly related to later backward waves. These results confirm that the shape of pressure waves depends both on the arterial wall stiffness and on the left ventricular performance: mainly on the stroke volume. The calculation of forward and backward waves allows a quantitative analysis of pressure waves. PMID- 6662118 TI - Comparative effects of nifedipine and diltiazem on vascular responses to norepinephrine and angiotensin II. AB - The effects of nifedipine and diltiazem on renal vascular responses to norepinephrine and angiotensin II were investigated in the isolated blood-free perfused rat kidney. The vasoconstrictor response induced by bolus injections of angiotensin II (5 and 10 ng) and norepinephrine (60, 80 and 100 ng) were assessed before and during perfusion of nifedipine (10(-9) mol l-1 to 10(-6) mol l-1) or diltiazem (3 X 10(-7) mol l-1 to 10(-4) mol l-1). At a concentration higher than 10(-9) mol l-1, nifedipine blunted to a similar extent the responses to both angiotensin II and norepinephrine. At concentrations of 3 X 10(-7) mol l-1 and 10(-6) mol l-1, diltiazem inhibited only the response to angiotensin II without affecting the vasoconstrictor effect of norepinephrine. Increase in diltiazem concentration to 10(-5) mol l-1 and 10(-4) mol l-1 was associated with a similar inhibition of the response to angiotensin II and norepinephrine. These results demonstrate that at concentration less than 10(-5) mol l-1, diltiazem acts as a selective antagonist of the effect of angiotensin II whilst no such selectivity of action was observed with all concentrations of nifedipine used in the present studies. PMID- 6662119 TI - Hypertension in pregnancy: evaluation of two beta blockers atenolol and labetalol. AB - There is a major controversy over the relative value of anti-hypertensive drugs in hypertension in pregnancy. Our purpose was to study two different beta adrenolytic drugs, atenolol, a cardioselective beta blocker, and labetalol, an alpha-beta blocker. Fifty-six hypertensive (BP greater than 140/90 mmHg) pregnant women were treated either with atenolol or labetalol. The patients were divided into two subgroups for which there were no statistical differences with regard to age, number of previous pregnancies, initial level of blood pressure and uricemia, proteinuric pre-eclampsia, beginning of therapeutic trial and delivery. The average daily dosage was 144.6 +/- 47.8 mg day-1 with atenolol and 614 +/- 47.8 mg day-1 with labetalol. This study shows: the same anti-hypertensive effect of the two drugs with control of blood pressure in 82% of the cases; a birth weight significantly higher with labetalol (3280 +/- 555 g) than with atenolol (2750 +/- 630 g) (P less than 0.001); two still-births with atenolol; no adverse effects of the drugs during pregnancy and the neo-natal period; the trans placental passage of atenolol and labetalol as shown by plasma dosages in the mothers and the new-born. It is concluded that atenolol and labetalol are safe and they are usually effective in the control of the hypertension complicating pregnancy. But labetalol appears to be better able to prevent the appearance of fetal growth retardation. PMID- 6662120 TI - The arterial baroreflex and the cardiopulmonary reflex in borderline hypertension. AB - An elevation of the cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of the forearm vascular resistances due to an impairment of the arterial baroreflex has been postulated in borderline hypertension. The purpose of the study is to verify this hypothesis. The arterial baroreflex sensitivity, measured by the phenylephrine method is similar in borderline hypertensive and normotensive subjects of the same age. The forearm and the splanchnic vascular resistances are studied in borderline hypertension and normotension during leg negative body pressure at -40 and -70 mmHg. Baseline forearm resistances are higher in borderline hypertension. The increase of forearm resistance is similar in borderline hypertension and normotension when variations are expressed in percentage of the basal values. The elevation of plasma norepinephrine is similar in the two groups. The tachycardia and the elevation of splanchnic resistances are similar in borderline hypertensive and normotensive subjects. We conclude that: The arterial baroreflex is acting normally in borderline hypertension. The cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of the forearm vascular resistances is normal in borderline hypertension. The elevation of the basal forearm vascular resistances is not due to a sympathetic hyperactivity. PMID- 6662121 TI - Neurohypophysial peptides and central cardiovascular control. AB - The cardiovascular effects of intravenous and intracisternal administration of neurohypophysial peptides were studied in anaesthetized dogs. Intracisternal oxytocin (1 and 10 mU kg-1) increased blood pressure. Intravenous lysine vasopressin (0.1 to 100 mU kg-1) induced a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure with bradycardia. Intracisternal lysine vasopressin (0.01 to 10 mU kg-1) elicited a dose-related decrease in blood pressure but no change in heart rate. These central hypotensive effects of vasopressin were suppressed by intravenous guanethidine, dl-propranolol, prazosin or atropine and were not observed in diabetes insipidus dogs with surgical lesion of the supra-opticohypophysial tract. Hypotension elicited by intracisternal vasopressin was due to a decrease in sympathetic tone and simultaneous activation of parasympathetic tone. These results suggest the involvement of these peptides in central control of blood pressure. PMID- 6662122 TI - Past and future of the calcium paradox. PMID- 6662123 TI - The calcium paradox and isolated myocytes. AB - A brief survey is presented of methods for producing Ca-tolerant ventricular myocytes, with reference to factors which might be related to the protection of the heart from the calcium paradox. Much of the analysis is based on the assumption that maintaining extracellular calcium above a 'threshold' concentration during cell isolation is a major influence on the production of Ca tolerant myocytes, and that a similar manoeuvre in the whole organ would prevent the paradox. It is also shown that, although single cells have yet to be shown to be a good model for the paradox, measurements already reported on enzyme release and myocyte ionic homeostasis are of relevance to both Ca-tolerance and the genesis of the paradox, and that future research on isolated cells may well clarify further mechanisms important for both of these phenomena. PMID- 6662124 TI - Isolated calcium-tolerant myocytes and the calcium paradox: an ultrastructural comparison. AB - The ultrastructure of calcium-tolerant myocytes isolated from adult rat ventricular myocardium is described, using thin section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Two distinct cell types are observed, rounded and rod shaped. The former are damaged myocytes and superficially resemble the disrupted cells characteristic of the calcium paradox. Despite this resemblance however, the genesis of these isolated damaged cells is not explicable in terms of the calcium paradox. The majority of isolated cells are rod-shaped and show well preserved ultrastructural features. Our results indicate that whatever mechanisms underlie the calcium paradox it is not an indispensable condition that isolation of myocytes necessarily leads to this phenomenon. PMID- 6662125 TI - Comparison of the effect of ischaemia and anoxia on the sarcolemma of the dog heart. AB - Contraction-band necrosis, a striking morphologic lesion, is common to many types of myocardial injury including the calcium paradox and ischaemic injury with reperfusion. This lesion is characterized by explosive swelling, massive calcium overload, and severe disruption of the myofibrils due to the formation of contraction bands. The studies reviewed in this paper provide evidence that in ischaemia and reperfusion, these changes are preceded by sarcolemmal injury that occurs during the period of ischaemia. Sarcolemmal injury was evaluated by electron microscopy and by measurements of inulin diffusible space (IDS) in thin slices of myocardium incubated in vitro. Reversibly injured ischaemic myocytes have ultrastructurally intact plasma membranes which are impermeable to inulin. Longer durations of ischaemia, sufficient to produce contraction-band necrosis during reperfusion, result in fragmentation of plasma membranes during the ischaemic intervals, and the IDS is markedly increased during subsequent incubation. Thus ultrastructural evidence of membrane damage is present early in ischaemia and is associated temporally with the increased IDS. The role of anoxia, per se, in inducing membrane damage was investigated in tissue slices incubated at 37 degrees C in crystalloidal media gassed with nitrogen. Anoxic slices produced lactate and lost ATP and adenine nucleotides, but cell volume and the IDS were not significantly increased for at least five hours (twice the time required for severe membrane damage to develop in total ischaemia) and the plasmalemma remained intact by electron microscopy. Thus, despite depletion of high energy phosphates, membrane damage, detectable by alterations in IDS or ultrastructure, occurs much more slowly during anoxia alone than during ischaemia. These results suggest that anoxia, per se, may not be the cause of membrane damage in ischaemia. PMID- 6662126 TI - The calcium paradox: an electrophysiological study in the isolated rabbit heart. AB - In Langendorff perfused rabbit heart (37 degrees C) transmembrane potentials were recorded from the left ventricle with 'floating' microelectrodes. During calcium free perfusion, action potential duration lengthened by 55.4 +/- 34.9% (n = 8). AV conduction time increased, until Wenckebach and 2 : 1 AV block occurred. Heart rate initially decreased, and later increased although control values were not reached. Upon reperfusion with normal calcium-containing fluid, a few vigorous contractions occurred, which dislodged the intracellular microelectrode. As far as could be established, cells depolarized within 6-60s to values less than -50 mV, and no action potentials could be recorded. During low-calcium (50 mumol l-1) perfusion (n = 5), action potential duration initially increased, but later decreased. When perfusion with normal calcium-containing fluid was resumed when action potentials were still longer than normal, the action potentials shortened initially but returned later to control values. In these hearts, contractions reappeared. However, when perfusion with normal calcium-containing fluid was resumed when action potential duration was shorter than normal, no contractions reappeared, and action potentials remained short during the entire reperfusion period. In six experiments, creatine kinase release was determined during both low-calcium and calcium-free perfusion, and during subsequent periods with normal calcium-containing fluid. During 10 min of low-calcium perfusion, 107 +/- 31 IU g 1 dry weight appeared in the perfusate, and in the subsequent normal calcium perfusion period of 15 min, 438 +/- 88 IU were released. During the 10 min calcium-free period, 141 +/- 40 IU were released, and during 15 min of reperfusion, 2773 +/- 258 IU appeared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662127 TI - Calcium and cardiac surgery. PMID- 6662128 TI - Calcium-free cardioplegia--pro. AB - Preischaemic doubling of the myocardial buffer capacity optimizes the energy supply of the ischaemic heart by anaerobic glycolysis. For osmotic reasons this method of improving ischaemia tolerance can only be realized in combination with cardioplegia by extracellular Na+ and Ca2+ reduction. The cardioplegic solution 'HTK' which has been developed according to these considerations. (1) delays the decay velocity of myocardial ATP by a factor of 7-8 in comparison with pure ischaemia; (2) leads to a good myocardial recovery with regard to metabolic, morphological, and functional criteria after an ischaemic stress of 300 min at 23 +/- 1 degrees C--especially after the addition of quinine; (3) is considerably reduced in its protective efficacy by adding 50 mumol l-1 Ca2+; (4) causes a calcium paradox if it is infused for 30 min at 35 degrees C; this does not happen if it is infused for 60 min at 25 degrees C or for 120 min at 15 degrees C; on adding 50 mumol l-1 Ca2+ to the solution the risk of a calcium paradox is significantly reduced, even after infusion for 35 min at 35 degrees C; (5) effects an evident delay of recovery, if a continuous ischaemic stress of 300 min at 23 degrees +/- 1 degree C is reduced to 3 X 100 min of ischaemia at 17 +/- 1 degrees C by intermittent cardioplegic reperfusion; (6) considerably improves the myocardial recovery even after intermittent cardioplegia if 50 mumol l-1 Ca2+ are added or Mg2+ is reduced from 9 to 4 mmol l-12. The metabolic, morphological, and functional results are equivalent to those after 300 min of continuous ischaemia. Further investigations must show to what extent the 'membrane stabilizing effect' of [Ca2+]o can be achieved by taking advantage of mutual ionic interaction on the level of plasmalemma (e.g. H+-Mg2+-Ca2+) or by adding membrane effective substances (quinine). PMID- 6662129 TI - Calcium-free cardioplegia--contra. AB - In cardioplegia research one is confronted with three different calcium paradoxes: the original, the low sodium and the infusion plus ischaemia induced type. On the basis of general considerations on extracellular calcium and myocardial pathophysiology, on characteristics of calcium paradox phenomena, and on surgically relevant factors, it is recommended that cardioplegic solutions should always contain some calcium. PMID- 6662130 TI - Ca depletion of the sarcolemma--ultrastructural changes. AB - In the adult cardiac myocyte the functional and structural integrity of the sarcolemma depends on the presence of calcium ions in the extracellular fluid. Ultrastructural damage to the myocardial cell after Ca is repleted following brief periods of Ca depletion includes (1) sarcolemmal disruption, (2) mitochondrial damage and (3) severely contracted myofibrils. Ca depletion is the necessary first step in the generation of the paradox, presumably altering the sarcolemmal permeability to Ca. The structural basis for the altered membrane permeability is not known. In the adult rabbit heart two major sarcolemmal defects occur with Ca depletion: (1) 90% of Ca-depleted cells have separation of the layers of the glycocalyx over 30% of their surface. (2) Within the bilayer the intramembrane particles on the P face appear to be reoriented. Hypothermia and cadmium substitution protect against the functional manifestations of the paradox and prevent separation of the glycocalyx and the intramembrane particle changes as well. While the paradox is found in many species, the adult rat myocardium appears to be functionally more sensitive than the adult rabbit. With Ca depletion the adult rat has 65.9 +/- 4.6% of its myocardial cell surface separated while the adult rabbit has 33.4 +/- 2.1%. On the other hand, both the rat and rabbit are insensitive to the paradox before 6 days of age. Three-day old rat hearts exposed for 20 min to [Ca] less than 10(-8) mol l-1 show an intact glycocalyx in 95% of their cells. By 20 days all cells show separation of the glycocalyx over 38.5% +/- 1.6% of their surface.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662131 TI - The biochemistry of uncontrolled calcium entry. AB - The Ca2+ paradox is characterized by a rapid and uncontrolled entry of Ca2+. Whilst the consequence of the resultant gain in Ca2+ are relatively well defined, uncertainty exists concerning the route of entry. Possible routes include passive diffusion across damaged sarcolemma and intercalated discs, active transport in exchange for K+, or Na+, and entry through the voltage-activated, Ca2+-selective slow channels. The following experiments were designed to differentiate between these possibilities. Isolated spontaneously beating Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were perfused at 37 degrees C with Ca2+-free perfusion buffer for greater than 1 min before starting Ca2+ repletion. Adding 2-4 mmol l-1 Co2+ or Mn2+ before, during but not coincident with Ca2+ repletion protected against the paradox as indicated by an absence of myoglobin release and Ca2+ overload. Despite this protection marked distortion of the glycocalyx occurred, with splitting of the basement coat and blebbing. The intercalated discs, however, remained intact. It seems unlikely therefore that splitting of the basement coat necessarily results in an uncontrolled entry of Ca2+. Since Mn2+ and Co2+ block Ca2+ entry through the slow channels their failure to prevent the uncontrolled entry of Ca2+ when added at the time of Ca2+ repletion favours the view that Ca2+ entry during the paradox does not depend upon entry of Ca2+ through the slow channels. In other experiments hearts were preloaded with Na+, to alter intracellular Na+ before Ca2+ repletion. This procedure did not markedly affect the gain in Ca2+. These findings will be discussed in terms of the route(s) and consequence(s) of the uncontrolled entry of Ca2+ that occurs when Ca2+ is reintroduced after a period of Ca2+-free perfusion. PMID- 6662132 TI - Consequences of uncontrolled calcium entry and its prevention with calcium antagonists. AB - Heart muscle fibres always undergo severe functional and structural alterations, finally resulting in necrotization, if free extracellular Ca2+ ions penetrate abundantly through the sarcolemma membrane into the myoplasm, so that the capacities of the Ca2+ binding or extrusion processes become overpowered. The crucial reaction consists of high-energy phosphate exhaustion which is brought about (a) by excessive activation of Ca2+-dependent intracellular ATPases, and (b) by Ca2+-induced impairment of the mitochondria. Intracellular Ca2+ overload proved to the common denominator in the pathogenesis of severe myocardial fibre injury and death produced under the following circumstances: Overdoses of beta adrenergic catecholamines, dihydrotachysterol or vitamin D3, alimentary K+ or Mg2+ deficiency, hereditary cardiomyopathy of Syrian hamsters. Moreover, intracellular Ca2+ overload develops in the course of myocardial hypoxia or ischaemia thus causing additional precipitous damage of the mitochrondria. Following our first observations made in 1968, it has turned out that in all these cases, Ca2+ antagonists are capable of protecting myocardial cell integrity in that they prevent excessive transmembrane Ca2+ uptake. This is also true of the Ca2+ paradox: Ca2+ antagonists possibly inhibit the development of sarcolemmal leaks in the Ca2+-deprived myocardium. However, it is more likely that Ca2+ antagonists restrict the exaggerated influx of Ca2+ through these leaks, when the Ca+-deprived myocardial fibres return to a normal Ca2+-containing medium. PMID- 6662133 TI - Control of calcium movement in the myocardium. AB - A model for calcium (Ca) movement in the course of excitation-contraction of mammalian myocardium is presented. At physiological levels of [Ca]o between 500 700 mumol Ca/kg wet tissue is bound within the sarcolemmal-glycocalyx--most at anionic phospholipid sites. This Ca feeds two systems responsible for influx--the channel under control of protein phosphorylation and the Na-Ca exchanger regulated by the level of [Na]i. Respiring mitochondria are activated for Ca exchange in the presence of a proton donor (e.g. phosphate, bicarbonate). The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) may not be activated at relatively low levels of Ca influx but is activated as the 'Ca load' within the cell rises. Basic control of resting membrane Ca permeability resides at two sites--within the glycocalyx where sialic acid plays a role and within the lipid bilayer where phospholipid disruption leads to increased permeability. PMID- 6662134 TI - Role of Na+-Ca2+ exchange in the development of cardiac abnormalities due to calcium paradox. AB - Reperfusion of rat heart with Ca2+-containing medium for 1 to 10 min after a 5 min perfusion with Ca2+-free medium resulted in a generalized disruption of myocardial ultrastructure including swelling of sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, depletion of creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate stores, reduction of the microsomal but augmentation of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake activities and elevation of the cardiac Na+ as well as Ca2+ contents. These hearts developed contracture and were unable to generate contractile force. Lowering the concentration of Na+ from 145 to 35 mmol l-1 in the medium during Ca2+-free perfusion was observed to markedly reduce or prevent the reperfusion induced changes in myocardium. On the other hand, lowering the concentration of Na+ in the medium during the reperfusion phase following a 5 min perfusion with Ca2+-free medium enhanced the rate of depletion of the high energy phosphate stores and the rate of elevation of myocardial Ca2+ contents but markedly depressed the rise in Na+ contents. These results suggest that Ca2+-paradoxical changes in myocardium occur as a consequence of the intracellular Ca2+ overload in which Ca2+ entry through Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism at the cell membrane may be an important contributory factor. PMID- 6662135 TI - Mechanism of enzyme release in the calcium paradox. AB - Calcium-free rat hearts develop separations of fascia adherens junctions of intercalated discs. Such hearts are susceptible to membrane injury and enzyme release during anoxic contracture. Anoxic enzyme release was exacerbated by distention of heart ventricles with a balloon. Dinitrophenol (DNP) and caffeine were used to induce contracture in calcium-free hearts. Both DNP and caffeine caused a massive enzyme release from calcium-free but not from control hearts. Caffeine-induced enzyme release occurred despite Amytal inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. These results demonstrate that in calcium-free hearts with contracture or ventricular distention, enzyme release occurred without calcium repletion, from hearts depleted of ATP and in the absence of mitochondrial function. A relationship between contracture-mediated enzyme release and the calcium paradox was suggested by studies of the effects of hypothermia on enzyme release. Hypothermia to 22 degrees C protects hearts against both the calcium paradox and anoxic, DNP and caffeine injury. The parallel temperature dependence of protection between contracture-mediated enzyme release and the calcium paradox is evidence that contracture may also be a mediator of sarcolemmal membrane injury and enzyme release in the calcium paradox. PMID- 6662136 TI - The temperature-sensitivity of slow channel calcium blockers in relation to their effect upon the calcium paradox. AB - The isolated perfused rat heart preparation was used to investigate the interrelationship between temperature and the ability of calcium antagonists to reduce protein leakage in the calcium paradox. Exploiting the fact that although the calcium depletion phase of calcium paradox-injury is highly temperature sensitive, the calcium repletion phase, during which time the injury is manifested, is temperature independent. Verapamil (4 mumol l-1) included in a 10 min period of calcium depletion (37 degrees C) and a 20 min period of calcium repletion (37 degrees C) was known to reduce cumulative protein leakage by 22 +/- 3%. With calcium depletion again at 37 degrees C but repletion at 21 degrees C verapamil failed to achieve any reduction in protein leakage despite the fact that leakage in the 21 degrees C control group did not differ significantly from that in the 37 degrees C control group. Temperature-response studies (repletion temperature of 4, 10, 21, 23, 25, 28, 31, 34 and 37 degrees C) revealed an abrupt loss of drug effect below 25 degrees C. Studies with D600 (10 mumol l-1), nifedipine (4 mumol l-1), terodiline (4 mumol l-1) fendiline (20 mumol l-1) and diltiazem (2 mumol l-1) revealed that while all of these drugs reduced protein leakage at 37 degrees C (24 +/- 3%, 31 +/- 2%, 31 +/- 3%, 23 +/- 3% and 29 +/- 3%, respectively), like verapamil they had no effect at 21 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662137 TI - Pituitary-dependent Cushing disease and primary adrenocortical nodular dysplasia in childhood. Presentation of 4 cases. AB - Four patients with Cushing syndrome were followed for 1.5-12 years. The main clinical symptoms were marked growth retardation and truncal obesity. Two patients had pituitary-dependent Cushing disease, while the other two had primary adrenocortical nodular dysplasia. The treatment of choice of pituitary-dependent Cushing disease is transsphenoidal resection of the microadenoma while in primary adrenocortical nodular dysplasia bilateral adrenalectomy with subsequent steroid replacement is recommended. In our pre- or early pubertal patients catch-up growth occurred following surgical therapy and in all cases pubertal development proceeded normally. PMID- 6662138 TI - Hereditary hypofibrinogenemia with fibrinogen storage in the liver. AB - A family with hereditary autosomal dominant hypofibrinogenemia is described. The outstanding feature is massive deposition of fibrinogen/fibrin within hepatocytes, faintly visible in routine microscopic sections, but clearly demonstrable by immunohistologic techniques. Circulating fibrinogen shows normal electrophoretic mobility of A alpha-, B beta-, and gamma-chains. We assume that the hereditary defect in this family interferes with fibrinogen release from hepatocytes. Clinically there are fluctuating slight elevations of serum transaminase levels. Hemostasis and wound healing are undisturbed. PMID- 6662139 TI - Acycloguanosine therapy of the localized form of herpes simplex virus infection in a low-birth-weight infant. AB - It is known that the localized form of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection does not always show a good prognosis. A preterm infant who evidenced skin and tongue lesions, caused by HSV type 1, was treated by acycloguanosine. The result was satisfactory without any complications. Therefore, a localized form of HSV infection of the newborn infant, even though the patient has a low-birth-weight, should be treated by the drug immediately after the observation of the positive HSV culture. PMID- 6662140 TI - Transient lactic acidosis and hyperalaninaemia associated with neonatal hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: the effects of dichloroacetate (DCA). AB - Soon after birth a 36-week-gestational age, appropriate for dates, newborn infant developed hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia which responded to diazoxide and glucose infusion. While normoglycaemic, he became increasingly ill with high lactate, pyruvate, and alanine levels. Provocation tests suggested a defect in lactate handling. Dichloroacetate (DCA) was given and resulted in the prompt normalisation of his metabolic profile with no recurrence after discontinuation of the drug. A second episode of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia followed and this was controlled satisfactorily by short term diazoxide treatment. Diazoxide treatment could be stopped at the age of 1 month. Although at the age of 1.5 years the infant is retarded developmentally, there has been no recurrence of lactic acidosis nor hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. The association of lactic acidosis and hyperinsulinism, and the use of DCA in this circumstance have not been reported previously. PMID- 6662141 TI - Hodgkin's disease and a mediastinal tumor. AB - Two children are presented with Hodgkin's disease and a mediastinal mass which did not respond to polychemotherapy and radiation therapy and proved to be a benign thymic cyst. The coincidence of Hodgkin's disease with a benign thymic cyst has only been reported once before [11]. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications are discussed. PMID- 6662142 TI - Lethal perinatal type II osteogenesis imperfecta in a family with a dominantly inherited type I. AB - The genetic heterogeneity and the difficulty of accurate genetic counseling in some cases of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is shown by the present report. All signs characteristic of OI type II were observed in a newborn infant who died immediately after delivery: curved and deformed limbs, multiple bone fractures, enlarged and soft skull. An autosomal recessive mode is usually admitted for OI type II. However, several cases of OI tarda levis (autosomal dominant) are noticed in the maternal family. The possibility of a relationship between these two types of osteogenesis imperfecta in the same family, which might be important for genetic counselling, is discussed. PMID- 6662143 TI - Adducted thumb syndrome. Report of a new case and a diagnostic approach. AB - We report on a female newborn baby with a "myopathic" stiff face, open mouth, high-arched palate, microgenia, generalized muscular hypotonia, limited extension of elbows, wrists and knees, flexed adducted thumbs, velopharyngeal insufficiency, and hypertrichosis. Death occurred at 3 months due to respiratory insufficiency. Muscular biopsy revealed myopathic abnormalities. PMID- 6662144 TI - What is the association of essential fatty acid status with cystic fibrosis? PMID- 6662145 TI - Plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in unsupplemented breast-fed infants. AB - Plasma concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D were determined in 12 solely breast-fed infants 4 days and 6 weeks after birth. They were not exposed to sunlight, but the mothers received an average of 600 IU vitamin D2 per day during the study period. The mothers' 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels did not change significantly (medians 42 and 58 nmol/l), but the median level dropped from 26 to 15 nmol/l in the infants (P less than 0.001). There was a close correlation between maternal and infant levels at 4 days (r = 0.95). The babies with the highest initial levels showed the most marked decrease by 6 weeks. The median concentrations of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 25,26 dihydroxyvitamin D decreased similarly from 1.7 to 0.8 and 0.63 to 0.35 nmol/l respectively, (P less than 0.001). The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were within normal limits as were plasma calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase. The data suggest that fetal stores of vitamin D may be rapidly depleted, and that breast milk may be inadequate as the only source of vitamin D, even for breast fed infants of vitamin D-supplemented mothers. PMID- 6662146 TI - Turner syndrome: spontaneous growth in 150 cases and review of the literature. AB - The spontaneous growth of 150 patients with Turner syndrome from three German centers--90 with 45,X0 constitution, 60 with other chromosomal abnormalities--has been analyzed. The mean adult height was found to be (n = 14) 146.8 cm. It was observed that growth in these patients can be divided into four phases: (1) Intrauterine growth, which is retarded; (2) Height development, which is normal up to a bone-age of about 2 years; (3) Between a bone-age of 2 and 11 years when stunting of growth is most marked; (4) After a bone-age of 11 years--the time at which puberty should normally start--the growth phase is prolonged, but total height gain is only little below normal levels. No difference in height could be observed between cases with X0 karyotype and other chromosomal variants. The data are compared with those in the literature. PMID- 6662147 TI - A comparative trial of choline theophyllinate and controlled release aminophylline in chronic childhood asthma. AB - A comparison of pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects of a standard oral theophylline preparation (Choline Theophyllinate) and controlled release aminophylline (Phyllocontin) was made in two parallel double blind trials in 25 children with chronic asthma. Fourteen children entered a double blind cross-over trial; the remaining 11 were allocated to a parallel trial with no change of theophylline preparation throughout. Sustained plasma theophylline levels were observed with the controlled release preparation in contrast to the low morning levels obtained with Choline Theophyllinate. No significant differences were found for peak theophylline levels, morning or evening peak flow rates or required access to other bronchodilators. However nocturnal symptoms were significantly reduced and daytime activity scores improved (P less than 0.05) on the controlled release preparation. The sustained plasma theophylline levels found in children taking the controlled release aminophylline may have provided a small but useful therapeutic advantage over the standard preparation. PMID- 6662148 TI - Dihydrobiopterin biosynthesis deficiency. AB - For the last 2 years, a program has been developed to screen all hyperphenylalaninemic babies for tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency, by measurement of pterins in urine. High neopterin and low biopterin levels were found in the urine of a 1-month-old girl. Further investigations confirmed an impaired conversion of neopterin to biopterin. No neurological signs were noted, but, in regard to the laboratory data, neurotransmitter replacement therapy was instituted at 2.5 months of age. The most remarkable feature was a rapid increase in the dietetic phenylalanine tolerance, despite the proof that the child was not able to clear a challenging dose of phenylalanine and the record of unchanged pathologically low excretion of biopterin during a 2 month period. PMID- 6662149 TI - Impairment of smooth pursuit eye movement in chronic alcoholics. AB - Smooth pursuit eye movement was quantitatively evaluated in 99 chronic alcoholics and in 100 nonalcoholic control subjects. In both groups the smooth pursuit was increasingly impaired with advancing age, but in chronic alcoholics the smooth pursuit eye movement was more frequently (42.4%) impaired than in age-matched controls (20.0%, p less than 0.005). The characteristic feature of the impairment observed in chronic alcoholics was prominent saccadic movement of the eyes; ataxic pursuit was less common. It is suggested that the impairment of smooth pursuit eye movement in alcoholics is probably attributable to 'premature aging' of the cerebral cortex caused by chronic alcohol abuse. PMID- 6662150 TI - Observations on the application of electrophysiological methods in the diagnosis of cervical root compressions. AB - 20 patients who had clinical symptoms and/or signs of compression of the 7th and/or 6th cervical roots were examined. Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities, velocities in the proximal segment of the median nerve determined by measuring F-wave latencies, cervical somatosensory evoked potentials, and needle electromyographic records of the Mm. deltoideus, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, abductor pollicis brevis, and abductor digiti quinti were investigated. Only in 11 out of the 20 patients electromyographical results coincided with the clinical findings with regard to the level of the root lesion. F-wave conduction velocities within the proximal segment of the median nerve were completely normal. Somatosensory evoked potentials revealed alterations in 8 cases; 2 of them showed an additional alteration on the clinically apparently healthy side. In our opinion the various electrophysiological methods seem to have only a limited value in the diagnosis and localization of cervical root compression syndromes. PMID- 6662151 TI - Parkinsonian syndrome after methanol intoxication. AB - This is a report of a case of acute methanol intoxication (AMI) with an exceptional central nervous system (CNS) damage producing a parkinsonian syndrome. This symptomatology persisted as a sequel. Computed axial tomography (CAT) scan showed areas of decreased attenuation at lenticulocapsular regions. The authors remark on the correlation of these CAT scan abnormalities and the pathological findings in necropsy studies described in the literature. They think that these lesions are produced by severe methanol intoxications, generally with a fatal outcome. They suggest the CAT scan diagnostic utility in patients with metabolic acidosis and coma of unknown etiology. PMID- 6662152 TI - Long-term therapy with carbamazepine: effects on nerve conduction velocity. AB - Peripheral nerve function was evaluated in 30 epileptic patients on chronic therapy with carbamazepine (CBZ) and 20 healthy controls. The electrophysiological data indicated a mild progressive reduction of both motor and sensory conduction velocity in the patients on long-term treatment with the drug. The impairment of nerve function paralleled the duration of therapy (i.e. 1 through 3 years). CBZ plasma levels were constantly within the therapeutic range. Folic acid levels were below normal in about 50% of the subjects. In the absence of other evidence, the hypothesis cannot be excluded that folate deficiency may have played some role in the development of the peripheral nerve dysfunction. PMID- 6662153 TI - Hemodynamics in Shy-Drager syndrome and treatment with indomethacin. AB - Hemodynamic studies were performed in a case of Shy-Drager syndrome with severe orthostatic hypotension. Marked depression of blood pressure was recognized immediately after the tilt-up, wherein decrease in cardiac output was detected (65 leads to 35 ml; stroke volume) during measurements by echocardiography. In association with the depression of blood pressure and decrease in cardiac output, Doppler sonograms showed the overall blood flow reduction in the brain-supplying arteries, suggesting some breakdown of autoregulation of the cerebral blood flow. Medication with indomethacin obviously limited the depression of blood pressure during the standing exercise. The pressor mechanism of indomethacin might be regarded as a result of increased vasoconstrictivity by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins. PMID- 6662154 TI - Axo-axonic synapses in the rat striatum. AB - In the rat striatum axo-axonic synapses are seen relatively rarely in individual sections. From topological data it is concluded that the real occurrence of these synapses is much higher than the apparent occurrence as judged from single sections. A mathematical consideration is given to account for the distance between the two synapses in series. Their possible role in the action of neuroleptic drugs and for the theory of schizophrenia has been postulated. PMID- 6662155 TI - Blood cells glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium in multiple sclerosis. AB - In the present study, the plasma and erythrocyte Se concentration and the erythrocyte and leukocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in 20 patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) were compared with those of a group of healthy controls. The Se concentration in the food was also studied and found to be less than the minimum values suggested by the US Food and Nutrition Board. The erythrocyte Se levels were found to be similar in both MS patients and in controls, while the plasma Se values were higher in the MS patients. The Se dependent GSH-Px activity in the erythrocytes was found to be lower in the MS patients while no difference was found in the two groups as far as the leukocytes were concerned. Our data confirm that of other authors and indicate that the modified GSH-Px activity found in erythrocytes of MS patients is independent from the Se concentration and probably due to genetic factors. PMID- 6662156 TI - Computer tomographic evaluation of cervical astrocytoma. AB - The case of a 35-year-old woman with a cystic astrocytoma of the cervical spinal cord is presented. The use of CT investigations is stressed. The value of reformatting procedures in regard to the differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 6662158 TI - Physical exercise and digoxin binding to skeletal muscle: relation to exercise intensity. AB - The effect of a 1 h bicycle exercise test on digoxin concentration in skeletal muscle (thigh) and serum was studied in 10 healthy men, who had ingested digoxin 0.5 mg daily for 2 weeks. During maintenance digoxin treatment each subject performed 2 exercise tests, at 70-90 W and 140-180 W both 24 h after the last dose, at a 2-7 day interval. During exercise at the lower work load the mean skeletal muscle digoxin concentration increased by 9% (n.s.) and the mean serum digoxin concentration decreased by 26% (p less than 0.001). The high work load induced a mean increase in skeletal muscle digoxin of 20% (p less than 0.05) and a mean decrease in serum digoxin of 40% (p less than 0.001). The results indicate that the increased uptake of digoxin into exercised skeletal muscle and the decrease in serum digoxin during exercise is related to the intensity of the exercise. PMID- 6662159 TI - Lack of interaction between the tetracyclic antidepressant maprotiline and the centrally acting antihypertensive drug clonidine. AB - The well known interaction between tricyclic antidepressants and the centrally acting antihypertensive drug clonidine, namely impairment of the antihypertensive effect of clonidine, is thought to be related to blockade of noradrenaline uptake or competition at central alpha-receptors. The tetracyclic antidepressant maprotiline has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of noradrenaline uptake and it might, therefore, interfere with the antihypertensive action of clonidine. The possible interaction of clonidine and maprotiline was studied in 8 healthy subjects using doses in the therapeutic range. The study followed a double-blind, cross over design, in which clonidine alone (0.3 mg p.o.), clonidine (0.3 mg p.o.) plus maprotiline (100 mg in 4 divided doses over 22 h), maprotiline alone (100 mg in 4 divided doses over 22 h) and placebo were given by the double-dummy technique. Several pharmacodynamic parameters were measured for 12 h after administration of the drugs (supine and erect blood pressure, heart rate, saliva production and sedation). Concurrent administration of maprotiline did not alter the effect of clonidine and neither the size nor the time of the maximal response after clonidine were influenced by maprotiline. It is concluded that [1] blockade of noradrenaline uptake is not associated with the interaction of tricyclic antidepressants and clonidine, and [2] maprotiline should be preferred to tricyclic antidepressants in hypertensive patients on clonidine therapy if a concomitant depressive illness has to be treated. PMID- 6662157 TI - Cardiovascular response to exercise and regional haemodynamics during treatment with prizidilol hydrochloride (SK & F 92 657) in moderately severe essential hypertension. AB - Fourteen men with moderately severe essential hypertension were treated with prizidilol hydrochloride 400-700 mg once daily (mean +/- S.D. 612 +/- 56 mg/day). The study was open and ambulatory, with an initial placebo period followed by dose titration of prizidilol. Prior to treatment and during optimal control of blood pressure cardiovascular adaptation was examined in a submaximal exercise test. Plethysomographic assessment of vascular flow, resistance and tone in the calf musculature during supine rest and during maximal vasodilatation was also performed. A highly significant reduction in systolic (from 164 +/- 4.5 to 141 +/ 2.7 mmHg; p less than 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (from 105 +/- 1.6 to 87 +/- 1.3 mmHg; p less than 0.001) at supine rest was noted during therapy with prizidilol. There was no significant change in heart rate. Systolic pressure in the standing position was reduced (from 159 +/- 4.2 to 139 +/- 2.9 mmHg; p less than 0.001) and so was the diastolic pressure (from 111 +/- 2.5 to 95 +/- 1.9 mmHg; p less than 0.001). The heart rate in the standing position was significantly increased compared to supine rest in the placebo period and during optimal treatment with prizidilol. The beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties of prizidilol were apparent as a reduction in the exercise-induced heart rate response at even the lowest work load. During prizidilol therapy an increase in resting calf muscle blood flow was found from 3.1 +/- 1.5 ml/min X 100 ml to 4.3 +/- 2.1 ml/min X 100 ml (p less than 0.025). Vascular resistance and vascular tone were significantly reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662160 TI - Use of cimetidine; parallels and discrepancies between the views of drug regulatory agencies and practicing physicians. AB - The use of cimetidine in general practice was studied in relation to the guidelines approved by the Dutch National Drug Regulatory Agency (DRA). National and regional figures showed that the frequency with which cimetidine was prescribed in general practice was greater than could be explained on the basis of approved indications alone. Analysis of its employment in 14 hypothetical cases suggested however, that general practitioners in The Netherlands chose their indications for cimetidine and the duration of cimetidine treatment according to the guidelines for its use approved by the DRA; only 12.7% of the prescriptions related to indications that had not been approved in The Netherlands, the most prominent finding being the case of a possible gastric carcinoma. It was estimated that less than half of all cimetidine prescriptions in general practice will be issued for indications approved by the Dutch DRA. Some discrepancy exists with regard to the dose employed; contrary to the recommendations of the DRA, the dose chosen varied little from indication to indication. PMID- 6662161 TI - Corticosteroid-induced bone loss. A longitudinal study of alternate day therapy in patients with bronchial asthma using quantitative computed tomography. AB - Treatment with corticosteroids can produce osteoporosis. It is generally held that bone loss occurs when steroids are administered daily, but recent findings indicate that bone may also be lost on alternate day therapy. Cortical and trabecular bone, which may be affected differently, can be assessed independently, by quantitative computed tomography. This technique has been applied to the appendicular skeleton in following 20 patients with bronchial asthma during one year of chronic alternate day corticosteroid therapy. The trabecular bone loss was considerable; prednisone 25 mg on alternate days caused an average reduction in trabecular bone of 3.5% over one year. Bone loss was dose and age-dependent. Young patients on 50 mg/2 days lost up to 17% trabecular bone in one year. Cortical bone was not significantly affected over the same period. PMID- 6662163 TI - Penetration of lidocaine and its active desethylated metabolite into cerebrospinal fluid in man. AB - Penetration into lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of lidocaine and its active desethylated metabolite, monoethylglycinxylidide (MEGX), has been studied in 10 neurological patients after a single subcutaneous injection of 2 mg/kg prior to lumbar puncture. An HPLC method was used to assay lidocaine, MEGX and glycinxylidide (GX) in serum and CSF. The serum protein unbound fraction of lidocaine was determined by equilibrium dialysis. The mean peak serum lidocaine concentration was found 25 minutes after injection, and the corresponding peak CSF level occurred after 70 min. A similar slow penetration of MEGX into CSF was observed, which indicates low membrane permeability for these two agents. No GX was found. The steadily increasing CSF lidocaine/serum total lidocaine ratio throughout the period of study up to 120 min and the higher level in CSF than the corresponding unbound fraction of the total serum lidocaine indicate that serum protein binding is not the sole determinant of the penetration of lidocaine into lumbar CSF. Rapid accumulation in brain tissue and diffusion back into cerebral extracellular fluid and to lumbar CSF may also occur. The apparent slow membrane penetration of lidocaine and its desethylated metabolite may be one reason for the difficulty of controlling lidocaine infusion rates according to therapeutic effectiveness and side-effects. PMID- 6662162 TI - Cohort study of oestrogen treatment and the risk of endometrial cancer: evaluation of method and its applicability. AB - A Swedish study of the risk of endometrial cancer associated with oestrogen treatment was started in 1977. A prospective design was chosen and a cohort of 23,233 women receiving oestrogen medication was collected over a three-year period. Cohort members were recruited on the basis of prescription forms for oestrogens produced by all 120 pharmacies in a defined geographical region, resulting in comprehensive coverage of that region. A questionnaire study of a random sample (1/30) of the cohort permitted mapping of confounding factors, estimation of drug compliance and detailed characterization of oestrogen and progestagen exposures. Efficient follow-up of the cohort members was achieved by linkage of identity numbers of cohort members and those of all incident cases of endometrial cancer in the region. The expected outcome was calculated on the basis of accumulated person-years of observation in the entire cohort - and in subgroups - and age-specific incidence rates of endometrial cancer in the reference population. The present design may be generally useful for post marketing studies of the association between drug use and side-effects. PMID- 6662164 TI - Pharmacokinetics of betamethasone in healthy adults after intravenous administration. AB - The pharmacokinetics of betamethasone and its phosphate ester are described in 8 healthy adults after i.v. bolus injection of 10.6 mg betamethasone phosphate. Both compounds were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection using sample handling methods which prevented hydrolysis of the ester in vitro. Betamethasone phosphate disappeared rapidly from plasma (mean half-life = 4.7 min) as betamethasone levels rose. Betamethasone plasma levels reached a peak 10-36 min after administration of the phosphate before declining in a biexponential manner. The terminal slow disposition phase had a mean half life of 6.5 h. Only about 5% of the dose was recovered from urine as betamethasone, indicating extensive extrarenal clearance of betamethasone. Protein binding and blood/plasma concentration ratio were also determined. In comparison with its stereoisomer, dexamethasone, betamethasone is also cleared mainly by metabolism but has a lower plasma clearance, is less plasma bound, has a higher blood/plasma concentration ratio, and a higher volume of distribution. Endogenous cortisol levels were measured in the subjects who received betamethasone phosphate and in a matched control group of 4 subjects who did not. Betamethasone abolished the normal episodic secretion of cortisol and rapidly reduced its plasma concentration to a basal level. Cortisol plasma levels were not restored at 24 h but had returned to normal by 48 h after dosing. PMID- 6662165 TI - Pharmacokinetics of metapramine (19560 RP) in man after infusion and intravenous injection. AB - The time course of the plasma level metapramine following infusion at three different rates (1.18, 2.36 and 4.71 mg/h) has been studied in six healthy volunteers. The correlation coefficient of drug concentration and rate of infusion was 0.974 (alpha less than 0.001, n = 18). Plasma clearance, estimated from the steady-state level, varied from 68 to 1071/h. 3 subjects also received 35 mg of drug by i.v. bolus injection and plasma concentrations were determined at set times for up to 24 h. The plasma level of metapramine decreased tri exponentially, with a terminal half-life of about 7.4 h. The plasma clearance after i.v. injection was in good agreement with that observed during the infusion study. Apparent volumes of distribution ranged from 41.9 to 90.31. PMID- 6662166 TI - Sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of salicylates. AB - The kinetics of disposition of total and free salicylic acid (SA) in blood plasma was evaluated after single and multiple oral administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) to healthy female and male volunteers. In both single and multiple dose studies significant sex differences were found in the plasma levels of SA, which were due, at least in part, to individual, sex-determined differences in the rate of absorption and elimination of SA; a slower absorption rate in men reduced the magnitude of the peak plasma levels of SA. The corresponding area under concentration-time curves were always significantly lower. The elimination rate of SA in men was increased in comparison with women. The higher plasma clearance in men resulted from the kinetics of absorption and elimination. The sex differences appear to be clinical significance, since men achieved lower plasma levels of SA than women after the same weight-adjusted dose of ASA. PMID- 6662168 TI - Use of gamma distributed residence times in pharmacokinetics. AB - Using a nonclassical statistically based pharmacokinetic concept, a theory is presented which can be applied to the analysis of concentration-time data fitted by power functions of time C = At-ae-bt, which is shown to be equivalent to the assumption of gamma distributed residence times of drugs. The shape and scale parameters a and b, respectively, are interpreted physiologically in terms of a recirculatory model. It is shown how the shape parameter a, which is only dependent on the coefficient of variation of residence times, is affected by the processes of drug distribution and elimination. The time course of the blood concentration following multiple doses and continuous infusion is predicted for gamma-like drug disposition curves. The assumption of gamma distributed disposition residence times is theoretically based on a random walk model of circulatory drug transport, and the conditions are investigated under which gamma curves can be empirically fitted to oral concentration-time data. The parameters of concentration-time profiles following solid dosage forms, for example, are explained by the means and coefficients of variation of the disposition residence time and dissolution time distribution, respectively. The advantages of this concept compared to the conventional method of fitting sums of exponentials to the data are described. PMID- 6662169 TI - Kinetics of oral fluphenazine disposition in humans by GC-MS. AB - The disposition of fluphenazine was investigated in six healthy volunteers following oral administration (5 mg). Using a sensitive and specific GC-MS procedure plasma fluphenazine concentrations were measured up until 32 h after drug administration. Peak plasma concentrations varied widely (range: 0.26-1.06 ng/ml) and were observed at 2.8 +/- 0.5 h following fluphenazine administration. The apparent terminal elimination half-life of fluphenazine was 33.1 +/- 8.1 h. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve differed widely between subjects (range: 7.1-28.6 ng/ml h) suggesting large interindividual differences in the extent of fluphenazine presystemic elimination. PMID- 6662167 TI - Disposition and removal of metronidazole in patients undergoing haemodialysis. AB - The pharmacokinetics and haemodialysis clearance of metronidazole were investigated in four renal failure patients after a single 500 mg intravenous dose and in two renal failure patients on continuous treatment with metronidazole. During dialysis, the volume of distribution of metronidazole was 0.60 +/- 0.04 l/kg, total clearance was 196.0 +/- 60.6 ml/min and the elimination half-life had an harmonic mean of 2.14 h. Extraction across the dialyser was 51.5 +/- 7.8% and was limited to the distribution of drug in plasma water. Dialysis clearance was 125.0 +/- 32.7 ml/min, which represented 62 +/- 6% of total clearance and was 1.75 times the sum of the other clearance mechanisms. The hydroxy metabolite was extracted and cleared by the dialyser to the same degree as metronidazole itself. During the 4 h-dialysis 44.9 +/- 2.6% of the dose was removed by the dialyser in the four patients administered a single dose. Metronidazole is efficiently cleared and extensively removed by dialysis, and therefore dosage adjustments and alterations in the timing of dosage administration are essential in patients undergoing haemodialysis. PMID- 6662172 TI - Bronchodilator effect of terbutaline aerosol is not affected by propellant vapour pressure or dose volume. AB - A randomized, blind cross-over study was carried out in 12 patients with bronchial asthma to determine whether the bronchodilating effect of a metered dose inhaler was influenced by increasing the metering volume from 25 microliters to 50 microliters, or by increasing the vapour pressure from 374 kPa to 502 kPa. Spirometry, heart rate and tremor were recorded 15 min after terbutaline sulphate 31 micrograms, 63 micrograms, 125 micrograms, 250 micrograms, 2 X 250 micrograms and 5 X 250 micrograms. There was no significant difference in any of the variables recorded i.e. in forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity or in airflows when 50% and 25% of the FVC remained to be exhaled from the total lung capacity. It is concluded that the bronchodilating effect of a beta 2-agonist from a metered dose inhaler is not substantially affected by changes in metering volume or vapor pressure within the limits studied. PMID- 6662171 TI - The antiarrhythmic effects of controlled release disopyramide phosphate and long acting propranolol in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. AB - The antiarrhythmic effect of slow-release disopyramide phosphate (DR) 300 mg twice daily and of long-acting propranolol (PR) 1 X 160 mg daily was compared in a randomized cross-over study in patients with premature ventricular beats (PVB). 12 patients with PVB (Lown Classes II-V) were given: placebo I for 3 days, DR or PR for 7 days, placebo II for 5 days and PR or DR for 7 days. During each study phase Holter-ECG recordings were taken over a period of 24 h. With DR 6 patients showed a positive qualitative effect, improving by at least one Lown class, whereas only 2 patients did so with PR. With DR reduction of PVB greater than 80% occurred in 7 patients, and with PR in 2 patients. In all patients with any reduction in PVB, the median decrease was 85% with DR and 59% with PR. The overall results suggest that the antiarrhythmic effect of disopyramide phosphate in the slow-release preparation is at least satisfactory and comparable to that of disopyramide phosphate in the standard capsule formulation given in the usual and more complicated regime of four divided doses. The antiarrhythmic effect of PR in the recommended dose as given was not convincing. PMID- 6662173 TI - Theophylline antagonizes diazepam-induced psychomotor impairment. AB - Eight healthy men received an oral dose of 0.25 mg/kg diazepam followed 40 min later by an intravenous infusion of 100 ml physiological sodium chloride solution, with or without 4.4 mg/kg theophylline. Psychomotor function was assessed after each blood sampling up to 5 h post-infusion. Thirty min after diazepam psychomotor performance measured by Card Sorting test and Digit Symbol Substitution test was impaired and subjects felt sleepy and could think less clearly (two factors of the Clyde Mood Scale). Theophylline antagonized the diazepam-induced impairment statistically significantly for up to 5 h and subjects felt less tense and less apprehensive (State Anxiety Inventory). Since pharmacokinetic parameters of diazepam seemed not to be different after theophylline, interaction at receptor level can be assumed. PMID- 6662174 TI - Influence of pizotifen and ergotamine on the venoconstrictor effect of 5 hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline in man. AB - The influence of locally infused pizotifen (80 ng) and ergotamine (16 ng and 4 ng) on the compliance of superficial hand veins in man, and their interactions with the venoconstrictor effects of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), were investigated in a placebo-controlled study in healthy volunteers. Pizotifen alone reduced venous compliance and produced a parallel displacement to the right of the 5-HT dose-response curve suggestive of competitive antagonism. The venoconstrictor effect of noradrenaline was not influenced by pizotifen. This confirms the selective antagonism of 5-HT by pizotifen and supports the existence of specific 5-HT receptors on human veins. After infusion of 16 ng ergotamine, which by itself reduced venous compliance, the venoconstrictor effects of the lower doses of 5-HT and of all doses of noradrenaline were larger but still never exceeded the arithmetic sum of the separate effects of noradrenaline or 5-HT and ergotamine. A lower dose of ergotamine (4 ng) induced only a small venoconstriction and did not influence the constrictor effect of noradrenaline. Therefore, in contrast to previous observations, no potentiation of the venoconstrictor effect of noradrenaline by ergotamine was observed under the present experimental conditions. The additive effect of noradrenaline and ergotamine may well explain its therapeutic action in the treatment of migraine. PMID- 6662175 TI - Changes in pituitary secretion after administration of branched-chain amino acids to patients with hepatic cirrhosis. AB - Infusion of a mixture of branched-chain 1-amino acids (BCAA; isoleucine, leucine, and valine) in six male patients suffering from hepatic cirrhosis led to an increase in serum GH, while serum PRL was not affected. In the same patients arginine infusion stimulated GH and PRL release. These findings demonstrate that hypothalamo-pituitary responsiveness to amino acid stimulation is preserved in cirrhosis and that administration of these amino acids has some endocrine effect. PMID- 6662170 TI - Long acting beta-blockers in the twenty fourth hour. AB - Fifteen mild to moderate hypertensives were submitted to exercise testing using a bicycle ergometer with a fixed load. Heart rate, blood pressure and ECG were recorded throughout 5 min exercise and 10 min recovery. Oxygen uptake was measured during the final minute of exercise and blood glucose estimation and serum drug levels assessed 5 min after recovery. The above measurements were made after exactly 24 h following seven days administration of 160 mg of long acting (L.A.) propranolol, 200 mg of sustained action (S.A.) metoprolol and two matched placebos. Propranolol L.A. was superior to Metoprolol S.A. in the reduction of exercise induced tachycardia and both drugs were significantly superior to placebos. Both drugs were effective agents for the lowering of resting blood pressure after 24 h but propranolol L.A. was more effective in the lowering of systolic peaks observed during exercise. There was no significant effect upon oxygen uptake and blood glucose. The incidence of side effects was low and showed no significant difference from placebo. PMID- 6662176 TI - Pharmacokinetics of oral mexiletine in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - To study the effects of acute myocardial infarction on its pharmacokinetics a single oral dose of 400 mg mexiletine HCl was administered to seven patients. The study was performed within 24 h of the onset of pain (Study I) and was repeated 10-14 days later, during the recovery phase (Study II). Mexiletine in plasma and urine was quantified by a GLC method. The peak plasma concentrations of mexiletine were 0.65 +/- 0.05 (SEM) microgram ml and 1.08 +/- 0.11 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.05) in Studies I and II, respectively. The corresponding peak times were 4.68 +/- 2.04 h and 1.46 +/- 0.17 h (N.S.). The lag time averaged 0.48 +/- 0.08 h in Study I and 0.39 +/- 0.05 h in Study II (N.S.). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve remained unchanged. The elimination half-life was 15.03 +/- 0.61 h and 11.75 +/- 0.80 h (p less than 0.01) in Studies I and II, respectively. The recovery of unchanged mexiletine in urine and its renal clearance was also the same in both studies. The plasma protein binding of mexiletine was similar in Studies I and II (61 +/- 2% and 63 +/- 3%; N.S.). Thus, the rate of gastrointestinal absorption of mexiletine was definitely slowed in the acute phase of myocardial infarction, whereas the extent of absorption was not altered. The prolongation of the elimination half-life of mexiletine in the acute phase of myocardial infarction is probably related to an increase in its volume of distribution. PMID- 6662177 TI - Pharmacodynamics and urine pharmacokinetics of three doses of piretanide. AB - Three doses (3 mg, 6 mg and 12 mg) of piretanide, a new high ceiling diuretic, and placebo were given to 8 volunteers to investigate the relationship between the pharmacodynamic parameters, the dose and its urinary excretion. Intake of food and fluid were standardized from 48 h before until 24 h after drug administration. Urinary output, excretion of unchanged drug, and the excretion and clearance of Na+ and K+ were measured hourly for 7 h after treatment. A clear dose-response relationship was found for cumulative urinary output, cumulative excretion of Na+ and K+, clearance of Na+ and K+ and the urinary sodium/potassium ratio. A significant correlation was found between the net urine volume and the excretion of piretanide per time interval. The clearances of Na+ and K+ were significantly correlated with the excretion of piretanide. Clearance values correlated well with corresponding urine volumes. PMID- 6662178 TI - Disposition of betamethasone in parturient women after intravenous administration. AB - The pharmacokinetics of betamethasone and its phosphate ester are described in nine women in late pregnancy who each received a bolus intravenous dose of 10.6 mg betamethasone phosphate. Both compounds were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection using sample handling methods which prevent in vitro hydrolysis of the ester. The plasma clearance of betamethasone phosphate (mean = 980 ml/min) and its apparent distribution volume (mean = 5.61) were both higher than previously found for nonpregnant subjects, but its half-life (mean = 4.6 min) was unchanged. Plasma concentrations of betamethasone reached a peak 5-37 min after dosing with betamethasone phosphate, then declined biexponentially with a mean terminal half-life of 262 min. Plasma clearance in pregnant patients (mean = 287 ml/min) was higher than previously reported for nonpregnant subjects. Evidence from urinary excretion and plasma binding measurements and the previously reported transplacental plasma concentration gradient indicated that the increase in clearance was due to increased metabolism possibly by the placental/fetal unit. Plasma binding of beta methasone was higher in maternal than fetal plasma; binding to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was more important than binding to albumin as a determinant of this difference. In pregnant patients the decline of endogenous cortisol concentrations in maternal venous plasma was less marked and slower than in nonpregnant subjects. The data now available allows comparison of pharmacokinetic properties between betamethasone and its stereoisomer dexamethasone with respect to their use in preventing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6662179 TI - Age differences in effects on blood pressure, flicker fusion frequency, salivation and pharmacokinetics of single oral doses of dothiepin and amitriptyline. AB - Blood pressure, critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF), salivary flow rate and pharmacokinetics were compared in 7 young healthy volunteers (average age: 22.7 years) and in 7 elderly healthy volunteers (average age: 70.6 years) after single oral doses of the antidepressants dothiepin (DP) 25 mg and amitriptyline (AMP) 25 mg. Systolic blood pressure fell further and the reduction lasted longer in the elderly than in the young after both drugs. The decrease in CFF after AMP 25 mg, and the reduction in salivary flow rate after either DP 25 mg or AMP 25 mg were larger in the elderly than in the young. Plasma levels, T1/2 and Cl of both drugs in the elderly were also higher, longer and smaller, respectively, in the elderly. Clearance was found to be reduced in the elderly. More cautions dosage regimens of these drug should be considered for elderly patients. PMID- 6662180 TI - The binding of ibuprofen to plasma proteins. AB - The binding of ibuprofen to human serum albumin, normal plasma and plasma obtained from rheumatoid arthritic patients was studied using the method of ultracentrifugation. It was found that ibuprofen is more strongly bound to normal plasma than to human serum albumin although this result is probably explained by fatty acid contamination of the human serum albumin. The fraction of ibuprofen not bound to normal plasma rose significantly from a value of 0.0128 at an ibuprofen concentration of 2 mg X l-1 to 0.0155 at a concentration of 50 mg X l 1. Ibuprofen was less strongly bound to rheumatoid plasma than to normal plasma but this difference can be accounted for by the difference in albumin concentration between the two plasmas. It was found that salicylic acid can displace ibuprofen from protein binding sites, in vitro, and that this is the probable cause of the pharmacokinetic interaction between the two drugs. PMID- 6662182 TI - Piroxicam in human breast milk. AB - In 2 nursing women, piroxicam was present in breast milk at about 1% of the concentration in maternal serum. None was detected in serum from the baby fed by one of them. PMID- 6662181 TI - Metoclopramide and breast feeding: transfer into milk and the newborn. AB - The pharmacokinetics and endocrinological effects of metoclopramide were investigated in 5 mothers with deficient lactation and in their children soon after delivery. In addition, the transfer of metoclopramide into breast milk was evaluated in 18 mothers during the 8th to 12th puerperal weeks. Metoclopramide was detected in all the milk samples studied, generally at a higher concentration than in maternal plasma. Metoclopramide was found in plasma from only 1 of the 5 neonates studied. Exposure of the child to metoclopramide, estimated by multiplying the daily breast milk volume by the concentration of metoclopramide in the milk, ranged from 6 to 24 micrograms/kg/day for the 5 children in the early puerperium to 1 to 13 micrograms/kg/day for the 18 children during the late puerperium. These quantities are considerably less than the therapeutic dose of 500 micrograms/kg/day recommended for children. However, the plasma concentration of prolactin in 4 out of 7 neonates sampled taken during administration of metoclopramide to the mother were higher than the highest plasma prolactin level in children of same age of untreated mothers. The plasma concentration of thyrotrophin in the newborns remained within the normal range. PMID- 6662183 TI - Beta-blocking and electrophysiological effects of propafenone in volunteers. AB - The chemical structure of propafenone (P) and certain experimental findings suggest that this antiarrhythmic compound could possess beta-blocking properties. To evaluate the clinical relevance of the latter cardiovascular effects of P during exercise were studied. After oral administration of P 150 and 300 mg in solution, six healthy volunteers were subjected to graded exercise. These doses of P, which are usually effective against arrhythmias, decreased exercise-induced tachycardia, whereas the systolic blood pressure was lowered but only at rest, and the diastolic pressure was slightly raised. However, taking into account dose ratio, and the intensity and duration of the reduction in exercise tachycardia, this effect of P was only about 5% at its maximum compared to propranolol and similar active beta-blocking compounds. The reduction in heart rate produced by P was not correlated with the plasma level nor did it show dose dependency, in contrast to beta-blocking agents, and also in contrast to its electrophysiological effects on the PQ interval. PMID- 6662184 TI - Long term treatment with tienilic acid or thiazides: comparison of antihypertensive and metabolic effects. AB - A comparison has been made of arterial pressure and major metabolic parameters during long term treatment with tienilic acid and a hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride combination, using a randomized single-blind study without cross-over. A significant fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and no change in most biochemical parameters was observed with both drugs. Serum uric acid concentration was decreased during tienilic acid and was slightly increased whilst subjects took the hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride combination; serum potassium was slightly decreased on tienilic acid. No sign of hepatotoxicity was detected. PMID- 6662185 TI - Mexiletine removal by peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6662186 TI - Existence of disulfide-bonded IgM-IgA, IgM-IgG and IgM-IgG fragment complexes in one patient. AB - The existence of disulfide-bonded immunoglobulin (Ig) complexes of IgM-IgA, IgM IgG, and IgM-IgG, in addition to a monoclonal IgM (kappa) paraprotein, free kappa chains and fragments of IgG (FIgG), were found in the plasma of a multiple gammopathy patient. This is the first report on the interclass disulfide-bonded Ig complexes. Upon exposure to a dissociating buffer containing 6 M urea, 0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, a small portion of the IgM-IgA complexes and most of the IgM IgG as well as the IgM-FIgG complexes dissociated, but the majority of the IgM IgA and small amounts of other complexes remained intact. These intact complexes were not the result of antigen-antibody reactions and were apparently held together by disulfide bonds which could be broken into monomeric Ig basic units (H-L)2 and smaller components by mild reduction and alkylation. PMID- 6662187 TI - RNA synthesis in activated macrophages I. Poly(I) X poly(C)-induced triggering of cytolytic activity is associated with decrease in RNA synthesis. AB - The effects of polyinosinic, polycytidylic acid [poly(I) X poly(C)] on the activation and RNA metabolism in murine peritoneal macrophages (M phi) elicited by proteose-peptone (pM phi) was investigated. Poly(I) X poly(C) triggered the cytolytic activity of pM phi and augmented their glucose oxidation. In contrast, a profound depression of [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA was observed in poly(I) X poly(C)-activated pM phi. The degree of depression of RNA labeling paralleled the dose of poly(I) X poly(C) used to activate the pM phi and the expression of tumoricidal activity. This decrease in [3H]uridine incorporation into M phi RNA could not be accounted for by decreased permeability of the activated M phi to [3H]uridine, or by instability of the labeled RNA. Moreover, analysis of the specific activity of the intracellular uridine triphosphate (UTP) pool and studies on the labeling of M phi RNA with [32P] orthophosphate indicated that the decreased RNA labeling was not due to changes in the specific activity of UTP. We concluded that poly(I) X poly(C)-activated pM phi exhibit a depressed rate of RNA synthesis. We suggest that the rate of RNA synthesis may be investigated as a potential new indicator for M phi activation. PMID- 6662189 TI - The kinetics of in vivo sensitization of rat peritoneal and lung mast cells: temporal dissociation from circulating levels of IgE. AB - Following i.p. injection of ovalbumin (OVA) plus Bordetella pertussis vaccine into Hooded Lister rats, the time-course of sensitization of peritoneal and lung mast cells (MC) did not parallel kinetic changes in the levels of circulating OVA specific and total IgE. OVA-induced secretion of 5-hydroxytryptamine from isolated peritoneal and lung MC and the presence of OVA-specific IgE in serum were first demonstrated at day 14 post-immunization. However, subsequent to day 14, the responsiveness of both types of MC to OVA declined, while circulating levels of OVA-specific IgE continued to rise. Peritoneal MC, but not lung MC, showed increased responsiveness to challenge with anti-IgE on day 7 post immunization, whereas circulating levels of total IgE were not elevated until day 14, thus demonstrating that nonantigen-specific IgE was acquired by peritoneal MC before it entered the circulation. Lung MC generally showed decreased reactivity to both OVA and anti-IgE, compared with peritoneal MC; no significant correlations were demonstrated between the responses of MC from these two tissue sites. PMID- 6662188 TI - Demonstration of a concanavalin A-induced lymphokine enhancing arginase activity. Effect of presensitization by a skin allograft. AB - In response to concanavalin A (Con A) mouse spleen cells produce increased amounts of urea. This increase results from arginase activity degrading arginine into urea and ornithine. It is mediated by a soluble protein factor, characterized by its heat stability (10 min at 80 degrees C) and a molecular weight of approximately 32 000. The factor is produced by T cells and acts on a cell population mainly present in bone marrow and spleen. Splenocytes collected from skin allograft recipients during rejection produce more urea in response to Con A than those obtained from normal or syngeneically grafted mice. The maximum urea increase is observed just before and maintained during rejection, declining rapidly thereafter. This phenomenon is explained (a) by a 10-15-fold increase in arginase-enhancing factor production by Con A-stimulated allograft recipient spleen cells and (b) by an increased responsiveness of these splenocytes to the lymphokine. PMID- 6662191 TI - Kinetic properties of [3H]2-nitroimipramine binding to human platelets. AB - 2-Nitroimipramine has previously been reported to be a slowly dissociating ligand at [3H]imipramine binding sites in rat brain. This binding site has been tentatively identified as the recognition site for the serotonin transport mechanism. Since we have previously solubilized imipramine binding sites from platelets, the slowly dissociating nature of this compound was of interest in the continuance of our molecular characterisation studies. Association of [3H]2 nitroimipramine to human platelets was complete within 2 h and saturation analyses implied that the affinity of this ligand was similar to that of [3H]imipramine. Moreover, the ligand binding was inhibited by non-radioactive compounds in a manner consistent with reversible, competitive kinetics. However the dissociation rate, after only 20 min association, was slow (t1/2 = 8.3 h) as compared with [3H]imipramine. After prolonged incubation with membranes (16-20 h) the dissociation rate for [3H]imipramine was essentially unaltered whereas that for [3H]2-nitroimipramine decreased approximately three fold. I conclude that [3H]2-nitroimipramine gradually becomes more slowly reversible upon prolonged incubation, but following short incubation periods it behaves essentially like [3H]imipramine. PMID- 6662190 TI - Allotypic restriction of the expression of MOPC460 idiotope after immunization with either anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) or anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - The MOPC460 idiotype is expressed in mice with the IghCa allotypic haplotype after anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) immunization. We have previously shown that two monoclonal syngeneic anti-idiotypic antibodies (IDM 92-13 and IDM 41-27) define two distinct idiotopes (the 460.92 and the 460.41) on the M460 idiotype. The current study demonstrates that only one idiotope (460.92) is recurrently expressed after antigen immunization in IghCa positive mice and also that, immunization against the monoclonal anti-idiotypic molecules induces the synthesis of 460.92 idiotope positive anti-DNP antibodies. However, the detection of such molecules is only possible when animals with the IghCa allotypic haplotype are immunized with the IDM 92-13 molecules. Immunization of mice with either of the two monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies never results in the synthesis 460.41 positive molecules. Therefore, whatever protocol of immunization used, the expression of 460.92 was allotypic restricted. PMID- 6662192 TI - Effect of dynorphin-(1-13) and related peptides on respiratory rate and morphine induced respiratory rate depression. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the opioid peptide dynorphin (1-13), although not analgesic when given by itself, can inhibit morphine-induced analgesia in naive mice and potentiate it in morphine tolerant mice. In the present study, we examined the effect of dynorphin-(1-13) with two other dynorphin-like peptides, alpha-neoendorphin and dynorphin-(1-10) amide, on respiration. Our results show that none of the peptides studied had any significant activity on the respiratory rate in mice when given alone. However, in the presence of morphine, dynorphin-(1-13) antagonized the morphine-induced respiratory rate depression in morphine-tolerant animals; alpha-neoendorphin enhanced the morphine-induced respiratory rate depression in naive but had no effect in morphine-tolerant animals and dynorphin-(1-10) amide had no modulatory effect on the morphine-induced respiratory rate depression in either group of animals. PMID- 6662193 TI - Selective inhibition by ketanserin and spiroperidol of 5-HT-induced myometrial contraction. AB - The inhibitory effects of ketanserin and spiroperidol (a neuroleptic drug) on the contractile response of isolated rat uterus to serotonin (5-HT) were investigated. Ketanserin caused non-competitive inhibition of the contractile response to 5-HT and showed more selective inhibition than the other 5-HT antagonists tested. The inhibitory effect of spiroperidol was comparable with the effects of classical 5-HT antagonists. These results suggest that ketanserin and spiroperidol selectively inhibit the contractile response of isolated rat uterus to 5-HT. PMID- 6662194 TI - Long-term effects of a priming dose and short-term infusion of amphetamine on striatal dopamine neurons in rats. AB - A priming dose (15 mg/kg i.p.) of (+)-amphetamine sulfate combined with a 16 h subcutaneous infusion of 1.36 mg of the drug per hour to rats via its release from osmotic minipumps produced marked decreases in striatal dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA) and the synaptosomal uptake of [3H]DA which lasted for at least 12 weeks. The decrease in striatal DA persisted through 24 weeks after drug treatment. In contrast, striatal levels of DOPAC, HVA and synaptosomal DA uptake recovered to control levels by 24 weeks after amphetamine treatment. PMID- 6662195 TI - Analgesic effect of prolactin: possible mechanism of action. AB - The analgesic effect of prolactin (PRL) was tested by means of the acetic acid induced writhing test and the hot plate method. In both assays PRL produced dose dependent analgesia. This was antagonised by naltrexone indicating the involvement of opiate mechanisms. Bromocriptine, which inhibits PRL secretion through dopaminergic activity, also antagonised PRL-induced analgesia implicating dopaminergic mechanisms in this action of PRL. It is suggested that pituitary peptides may have a role in pain modulation along with the endogenous opioid peptides. PMID- 6662196 TI - Dopamine receptors involved in prolactin secretion pharmacologically characterized by means of 3-PPP enantiomers. AB - 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-n-propylpiperidine (3-PPP) is a novel compound existing in two enantiomers which, as judged by recent biochemical and behavioural studies, both have clearcut though differential effects on central dopamine (DA) receptors. Thus, while both enantiomers act in low doses as agonists preferentially on autoreceptors, in higher doses the (+)-form is an agonist also postsynaptically while the (-)-form acts as an antagonist on postsynaptic DA receptors in the striatum and in the limbic system. In the present study both enantiomers were evaluated with respect to their effects on pituitary DA receptors involved in prolactin release. In previously untreated rats, no increase in prolactin release was observed after administration of either enantiomer in low or high doses. The lack of effect of high doses of the (-)-form indicates that DA receptors on the lactotrophs are pharmacologically different from postsynaptic DA receptors in nigrostriatal and mesolimbic systems. The finding that both enantiomers exerted a dose-dependent prolactin suppressive effect in reserpine-pretreated animals suggests instead that DA receptors on the lactotrophs are pharmacologically similar to DA autoreceptors in the brain. The effect of both 3-PPP enantiomers on prolactin release in reserpine-pretreated animals was antagonized by haloperidol, sulpiride and metoclopramide while pimozide and clozapine appeared less active. This finding is discussed with respect to possible selectivity on pre- vs. postsynaptic DA receptors for various antagonists. PMID- 6662197 TI - Action of dimethindene on the electrophysiological and mechanical properties of atrial and ventricular myocardium of guinea-pig. AB - The effect of dimethindene (DMI) on transmembrane potentials and contractile force was studied in atrial and ventricular myocardium of guinea-pigs. DMI reduced the maximum rate of depolarization (Vmax) without changing the resting potential in both preparations. In ventricular myocardium, DMI shortened the action potential duration and exerted a negative inotropic effect. In atrial muscle, the drug prolonged the action potential duration and induced a positive inotropic effect which could be antagonized with neither the alpha-blocker phentolamine, nor the beta-blocker pindolol, H1-blocker mepyramine and H2-blocker cimetidine. DMI had no effect on the slow action potentials induced by caffeine in K+-depolarized myocardial preparations. The drug consistently shifted the sodium inactivation curve to more negative membrane potentials. The results suggest that DMI has a quinidine-like membrane-stabilizing property, which may be due to its fast Na+ channel blocking activity. The differential inotropic action of the drug in atrial and ventricular myocardium is discussed. PMID- 6662198 TI - 5-Hydroxytryptamine-induced relaxation of isolated mammalian smooth muscle. AB - 5-HT caused concentration-dependent relaxation of methoxamine contracted cat isolated saphenous vein and atropine pretreated guinea-pig isolated ileum contracted with histamine. The concentration required to cause 50% of its maximum effect was 7.4 X 10(-7) and 1.4 X 10(-6) mol/l respectively. alpha-Methyl 5-HT was at least 200 times weaker than 5-HT in this respect. The relaxant action of 5 HT in both preparations was not antagonised by atropine, indomethacin, cimetidine, propranolol or tetrodotoxin. In both preparations the relaxant effect was not specifically antagonised by cyproheptadine but was specifically and competitively antagonised by methysergide (pA2 values of 6.75 and 7.37 in cat saphenous vein and guinea-pig ileum, respectively). The results suggest that the 5-HT mediated relaxation in both preparations is mediated directly via a similar 5-HT receptor. The weak antagonistic action of methysergide and lack of relaxant effects with alpha-methyl 5-HT is consistent with the view that this receptor is not a 'D' or 'M' 5-HT-receptor. PMID- 6662199 TI - Acute microvascular effects of PAF-acether, as studied by intravital microscopy. AB - Application of PAF-acether (platelet-activating factor) (final concentration 1-20 nM) to the microcirculation of the hamster cheek pouch resulted in dose-dependent vasoconstriction and an increase in macromolecular permeability, as assessed by leakage of intravascular fluorescein-labelled dextran (Mw 150 000). An increase in adhering leukocytes in venules was only seen with 20 nM PAF-acether. Animals made neutropenic by treatment with antineutrophil serum raised in rabbits showed a reduced leakage response to 20 nM PAF-acether, whereas the leakage induced with 5 nM PAF-acether was unaffected. This indicates that the increase in vascular permeability induced by PAF-acether occurs both as a presumably direct effect independent of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), and via an indirect PMNL dependent mechanism. Intravenous administration of PAF-acether (10 micrograms/kg body weight) to hamsters resulted in rapid and transient thrombocytopenia and leukopenia whereas 1 microgram/kg only affected the leukocytes. These potent microvascular effects of PAF-acether support its proposed role as a mediator of allergic and inflammatory reactions. PMID- 6662200 TI - [Ocular and auditory organs of Ochotona rufescens]. AB - Ochotona rufescens is an animal species native to Afghanistan, and is among many new animal species currently being raised for use in experimental research in Japan. In the present paper, we report morphological findings on ocular and auditory character of Ochotona rufescens examined first under normal conditions and then under the influence of various agents, and the results were compared with those on other experimental animals used in this study. On histological examination, the cochlear portion of the labyrinth was found to consist of a coiled canal making two and one half turns from its basal end to the upper turn, and was identical to those of cats and rabbits. Moreover, triple rows of outer sensory hair cells and a single row of inner sensory hair cells were observed. Kanamycin and furosemide (Lasix), a diuretic, were administered 10 min. apart to determine the effects of these drugs on pinna reflex, however, as a result of these administration, none of the Ochotona rufescens tested showed any appreciable depression of this reflex. By funduscopic observation with photographic records, principal retinal arteries were hardly demonstrable except for extremely vague chorioidal vessels, in the layer of the pigmented epithelium which had a puce-like color. Ay contrast, retinal veins were seen in the fundus oculi, as well as whitish optic nerves. The amplitude of the "a" wave in the electroretinogram (ERG) of Ochotona rufescens was only 1/6 that of albino rats or albino rabbits, but the "b" wave was similar in amplitude for all these three species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662201 TI - Electrocardiogram and His bundle electrogram of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). AB - Electrocardiogram (ECG) was taken from Macaca fuscata in the supine position under secobarbital anesthesia. The ECGs were recorded in the leads of standard (I, II, III), augmented unipolar limb (aVR, aVL, aVF) and unipolar chest (V4R, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6,). The ECG was similar to that of humans as well as the monkeys of other species in their general patterns and the voltage of each wave (P, Q, R, S, T), though the heart rate was considerably different. The direction of T wave was consistent with that of human ECG. The PR, QRS and QT intervals and the duration of P wave were in good agreement with those of monkeys of other species, and amounted to about 50% of those of human ECG. His bundle electrogram (HBE) was recorded with a tripolar electrode catheter inserted into the right ventricle via the femoral vein, and PA, AH, HV and PV intervals were measured. All of the values were also approximately 50% and PV intervals were measured. All of the values were also approximately 50% of those reported in human HBE. Such short time intervals observed in Macaca fuscata may be due to a smaller heart size of the monkey as compared to the human's. The measurements of ECG and HBE reported in the present study may be used as a normal reference in ECG and HBE of Macaca fuscata under anesthesia. The study suggests that the Macaca fuscata is useful as an animal model to investigate the repolarization process of human ECG. PMID- 6662202 TI - Fine structure of the parotid gland of Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungarus). AB - The parotid glands of Djungarian hamster were examined by the light and electron microscopy. The acinar cells contained acidophile granules and reacted with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and stained slightly with alcian blue (AB); they were thought to be seromucous in nature. The acinar epithelia were composed of light cells, dark cells and specific light cells containing spheroid granules. Cytoplasmic crystalloids of moderate to high densities were observed in nearly all light cells. The intercalated duct cells were composed of light cells alone, and contained the granules of moderate density in the apical and supranuclear regions. The striated duct cells consisted of light and dark cells. The most of these cells contained small granules of low to high densities in the apical and supranuclear regions. Myoepithelial cells were detected around the acini, and nerve terminals were observed among the adjacent acinar cells. The parotid gland of Djungarian hamster revealed no histological differences between the sexes. PMID- 6662203 TI - [Preparation of experimental hypertension in mini-pigs]. AB - Attempts at inducing experimental hypertension by loading with NaCl have been undertaken in six Gottingen mini-pigs (G-mini-pigs). In this connection, a paraperitoneal nephrectomy method was established and the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system after bilateral nephrectomy was investigated. Paraperitoneal nephrectomy was considered to be a safe and convenient method because the operation was accompanied with little hemorrhage and completed in a short time. Using three animals, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was examined after surgical removal of bilateral kidneys. After removal of both kidneys, plasma renin activity decreased rapidly while plasma renin substrate gradually increased. Plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone levels underwent a striking increase. This increase of plasma renin substrate was considered to be due to the presence of an endogenous renin-like substance, while angiotensin II and aldosterone levels appeared to undergo secondary stimulation. Plasma cortisol showed a transient appeared to undergo secondary stimulation. Plasma cortisol showed a transient increase after removal of the two kidneys and they remained at a low level, which implies that the adrenocortical function was normal. In the other three animals, hypertension was induced by NaCl loading and unilateral nephrectomy and the blood pressure remained increased persistently. Concomitantly with this phenomenon, plasma renin activity was gradually suppressed and the aldosterone level showed a similar tendency. It is suggested that sustained hypertension can be induced in G-mini-pigs by NaCl loading combined with unilateral nephrectomy. PMID- 6662204 TI - [Early detection of pregnancy of the rat]. AB - A manual palpation method has been devised for early detection of pregnancy of the rat. One hand gently restrains the animal by holding it from behind in the usual manner. The thumb of the other hand is placed on the posterior abdomen and the first three fingers on the ventral midline. The three fingers were pressed gently upward and laterally. The embryos can then be palpated through the abdominal wall between the thumb and the three fingers. The number of fetuses was not affected by this palpation method. Using this technique, pregnancy was detected on the 5th day of gestation with an accuracy rate of 80% and between the 6th and 9th days with a 100% accuracy. PMID- 6662205 TI - Urea formation in rat, bovine, and human lens. AB - Lenses produce both ammonia and urea, and a previous report suggested that bovine lenses contain a complete urea cycle capable of synthesizing urea from bicarbonate and ammonia. To determine whether lenses produce urea by a complete urea cycle or by arginase alone, intact lenses were cultured with [guanido-14C] arginine or [14C]-bicarbonate. The [14C]-urea was volatilized to [14C]-CO2 by urease and collected in KOH. The cultured rat, bovine and human lenses produced [14C]-urea from [14C]-arginine; therefore lens arginase activity was also examined in homogenates of rat and human lenses. Rat lens homogenates had constant arginase activity for at least 2 hr at 37 degrees C, and activity increased linearly with the concentration of lens homogenate. Rat lens arginase had an apparent Vmax of approximately 13 nmol/hr/mg lens wet weight in lens homogenates and produced 4-6 nmol urea/hr/mg at 25 mM arginine. Human lens homogenates produced 1-5 nmol/hr/mg. In contrast, neither bovine nor rat lenses cultured with [14C]-bicarbonate produced detectable [14C]-urea, although label was incorporated into unidentified nonvolatile products. These products were shown by ion exchange chromatography and enzymatic assay to contain no detectable arginine or urea. It was concluded that although arginase activity is present, neither rat nor bovine lenses contain significant urea cycle activity. However, it is possible that arginase serves as a source of lens ornithine. PMID- 6662207 TI - The musculature and pupillary response of the great horned owl iris. AB - There is considerable confusion in the literature regarding the nature of the musculature of the avian iris. The most commonly held view is that both the sphincter and dilator are striated. The iris of the Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) has a complex iridial musculature consisting of three circumferential components (a myoepithelium, smooth muscle and striated muscle) and two radial components (a well-developed myoepithelium and a few striated fibers). On the basis of the anatomy and relative development of these components, and a quantitative analysis of the pupillary reflex, it is proposed that the circumferential striated muscle is the primary pupillary constrictor and radial myoepithelium is the primary dilator. The annular band of smooth muscle may play an important role in maintaining pupillary size. PMID- 6662206 TI - Modelling cortical cataractogenesis: VI. Induction by glucose in vitro or in diabetic rats: prevention and reversal by glutathione. AB - Cataractogenesis can be induced by glucose in the rat lens in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, this is done by increasing the amount of glucose in the medium surrounding the isolated lens; within 48 hr considerable globular degeneration is seen subcapsularly, deeper in the equatorial region. In vivo, it is achieved by making the rat diabetic by injecting streptozotocin i.v., which selectively destroys the beta-cells of the pancreas; the blood serum glucose level increases markedly, and thence the aqueous humour level and, in turn, the lens concentration. Globular degeneration occurs as in vitro, but not until 6 weeks is a degree of damage observed comparable to that seen in the lenses incubated in vitro for only 48 hr. Lenticular sorbitol and fructose are also markedly elevated as a result of the high glucose levels. If glutathione (GSH) is present in the medium (0.1 mM) or injected s.c. daily into the diabetic rats, there is no evidence of subcapsular globular degeneration of the cortical fiber cells, even though the lenticular levels of glucose, sorbitol and fructose are the same as when GSH was not given; this is true for either the in vitro or in vivo situation, although individual values in the two situations do differ somewhat from one another. When rats were given GSH beginning several weeks after the diabetic state had been induced, the damage subsequently observed was much less than if the rats had been diabetic without GSH for the same total length of time; it was also much less than damage which should have occurred by the time GSH treatment was instituted. It would thus appear that a certain amount of reversal of the globular degeneration is possible, although damage in the equatorial region (wedge-shaped) seems less amenable to rescue by glutathione. The data indicate that glutathione can prevent or diminish the severity of sugar cataractogenesis, and that there would appear to be more steps in sugar cataractogenesis than simply osmotic damage, although this may be the primary event. PMID- 6662208 TI - Purification of retinal S-antigen by ion-exchange chromatography and chromatofocusing. AB - A simple method for the isolation of bovine retinal S-antigen by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex, alone or in combination with a chromatafocusing step is described. High yields of highly purified S-antigen were obtained. Analytical studies indicated that the isolated protein was a single chain, 55 000 Mr glycoprotein with little tendency to self-association and a pI of 5.5. S antigen prepared in the absence of protease inhibitors migrated on SDS-PAGE as a doublet but close similarity between both protein bands was observed by analysis of papain digests, suggesting that the protein was readily susceptible to proteolysis. S-antigen prepared by this method induces a selectively posterior focal uveoretinitis in a dose-dependent manner. PMID- 6662209 TI - Variation in proportion and molecular weight of native crystallins from single human lenses upon aging and formation of nuclear cataract. AB - Extracts of water-soluble proteins from cortex and nucleus of single human lenses have been analyzed by high-pressure gel permeation chromatography in combination with a size- and a concentration-sensitive detector. Using this rapid and accurate method, changes in molecular weight and proportion of the native crystallins upon aging and formation of nuclear cataract are observed. In the range from 30 to about 40 years the gamma-crystallin content of normal lenses increases and that of alpha-crystallin decreases; over 40 years the level of gamma-crystallin decreases and that of alpha-crystallin remains constant in the cortex (11%) as well as in the nucleus (1-2%). These changes are accompanied by an increase in the water-insoluble fraction. With progressing nuclear cataract an increase in beta 3- and a drastic decrease in gamma-crystallin content, especially in the nucleus, are accompanied by a steep increase in the water insoluble fraction. The molecular weights of the crystallins do not change significantly, except that of alpha- and beta 1-crystallin which show an increase with age. PMID- 6662210 TI - Elemental concentrations in ocular tissues of various species. AB - An investigation was undertaken to expand the data base for elemental concentrations within eye tissues of different species. This report provides data on the distribution of calcium, copper, iron and zinc in human, dog, bovine, bird, amphibian and fish ocular tissues. The variation between different eyes of the same individual and different individuals was calculated for each metal. Elemental concentrations between the left and right eyes of an individual were usually closer in value than between two eyes of different individuals. PMID- 6662212 TI - Comments on the morphology of human lens epithelial cells. PMID- 6662211 TI - Polyamines in normal and cataractous human lenses: evidence for post translational modification. AB - The polyamine composition of normal and cataractous human lenses has been studied. Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) have been shown to occur in the unbound form in the acid-soluble fraction and in the bound form in the acid-insoluble fraction of the lens. It has also been shown that only putrescine occurs in both conjugated and non-conjugated states in the lens, while putrescine as well as spermidine occur in both forms in the aqueous fluid. Estimation of the polyamine content in cataractous lenses indicates elevated levels of both bound and unbound polyamines in these lenses in comparison to the normal lenses. Evidence is presented which indicates an increase in the level of polyamines covalently bound to protein, in a gamma-glutamyl linkage, in the cataractous lens. PMID- 6662214 TI - Cell cycle homogeneity in bone marrow samples from different sites: flow cytometric evaluation of multiple samples from sheep. AB - The distributions of cells in each of the phases of the cell cycle, determined by flow cytometry (FCM), were compared in multiple marrow trephine biopsy samples from 3 sites (both iliac bones and sternum) in 5 sheep. Within any one animal no significant differences could be found between the proportions of cells in the G0/G1, S or G2 + M phases of the cycle from different sites. Differences between animals were detected and these were consistent for any of the sites sampled. We conclude that the proliferative characteristics of marrow cells as determined by FCM in any one animal at one time are comparable at anatomically distinct marrow sites, and that a sample from one site is representative of the whole. PMID- 6662213 TI - Hematopoiesis on cellulose ester membranes (CEM). V. Enrichment of CEM by demineralized mouse bone matrix powder. AB - Mouse bone matrix powder was implanted subcutaneously or put into folded tubular cellulose ester membranes (CEM) and implanted i.p. Calcification and new bone formation did not develop. Sinusoidal vascularization of the matrix developed by 3 to 4 wk. Stromal cells such as fat cells and fibroblasts were present by 4 wk. Hematopoiesis was absent except for rare foci of granulopoiesis on some of the CEM at 6 wk. Rat bone matrix implanted subcutaneously into mice and mouse bone matrix implanted subcutaneously into rats failed to induce new bone formation or hematopoiesis. PMID- 6662215 TI - The effects of 5-fluorouracil on hematopoiesis: studies of murine megakaryocyte CFC, granulocyte-macrophage-CFC, and peripheral blood cell levels. AB - the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on megakaryocytopoiesis in mice was studied with assays of megakaryocyte colony-forming cells (Meg-CFC) in bone marrow and spleen and simultaneous determinations of peripheral blood counts, after a single intraperitoneal dose (150 mg/kg) of 5-FU. Although only moderate thrombocytopenia (platelet count 40% of control values) occurred at 7 days following administration of 5-FU, sustained rebound thrombocytosis (platelets 200-250% of control values) was observed from days 11 to 17. No rebound leukocytosis was detected despite comparable initial leukopenia. Megakaryocyte colony-forming cells (Meg-CFC) in bone marrow and spleen were decreased for 2 and 5 days, respectively, after administration of 5-FU. Subsequently, there was a prolonged rebound increase in the total number of Meg-CFC in the spleen from days 11 to 17 after 5-FU, a phenomenon which did not occur with Meg-CFC derived from the bone marrow. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) in bone marrow and spleen exhibited alterations which were similar to those of Meg-CFC, indicating similar sensitivities of GM-CFC and Meg-CFC to 5-FU. Normal feedback mechanisms which control platelet levels are perturbed for almost 3 wk after administration of 5-FU. The simultaneous occurrence of maximal thrombocytosis and increased splenic Meg-CFC suggests that increased platelet production after 5-FU is associated with concomitant stimulation of the megakaryocyte progenitor compartment in the mouse spleen. However, the concurrence of thrombocytosis and increased splenic Meg-CFC indicates that elevated levels of Meg-CFC did not initiate the period of thrombocytosis. PMID- 6662216 TI - Further characterization of the hemin-induced enhancement of primitive erythroid progenitor cell growth in vitro. AB - We have previously demonstrated that hemin specifically enhances the in vitro plating efficiency of primitive murine erythroid progenitors (day 7 BFUE), whereas it does not appear to affect more mature progenitors (mature BFUE or CFUE). In this report, we further characterize the effects of hemin on marrow derived day 7 BFUE growth in vitro. BFUE were enhanced by hemin in a dose dependent manner and to a greater extent in methyl cellulose than in plasma clot cultures. That hemin might increase the rate of cell division was suggested by the greater size of colonies grown in its presence as well as their earlier appearance in culture. In contrast, the addition of hemin to marrow cell cultures did not appear to affect the survival rate of BFUE or their progeny. While significantly augmenting the frequency of BFUE, hemin had no consistent stimulatory effect on CFUGM. Lastly, hemin was equally capable of augmenting burst growth in adherent cell-depleted as in whole marrow cell preparations. These experiments suggest that hemin augments directly and in a cell-specific manner the proliferation and/or differentiation of primitive marrow erythroid progenitors in vitro. PMID- 6662217 TI - The effect of donor and cell age on several characteristics of rat erythrocytes. AB - Erythrocytes from young and old WF rats were separated by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. The density and mean life span of the erythrocytes were correlated with cell age by 59Fe pulse labeling. A mean half-life of 40 and 25 days was measured for erythrocytes in young and old animals, respectively, with a corresponding 4-fold increase of young cells and a 2.3-fold increase in circulating reticulocytes in old animals. Thus, the old rat has a chronologically younger population of circulating erythrocytes than the young animal. The mean hemoglobin concentration of red cells from old, but not young animals, was found to decrease from 18.5 +/- 2.1 pg to 11.8 +/- 1.8 pg per cell with increasing cell age. Premature exposure of a surface antigen, which is recognized by antibodies present in the serum, was observed in cells of old animals. This antigen-antibody complex is presumed to trigger sequestration by phagocytosis of senescent erythrocytes. The contribution of the observed age-related changes to early erythrocyte sequestration in old animals is discussed. PMID- 6662219 TI - [Biopharmaceutic characterization of oral preparations of procainamide]. PMID- 6662218 TI - Effects of chronic tiadenol administration on liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and associated monooxygenases in the rat. PMID- 6662220 TI - Anti-platelet drugs during chronic hemodialysis: an experience with ticlopidine, the 5-(o-chlorobenzyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno-[3,2-c] pyridine. PMID- 6662222 TI - [Dynamics of brain oxygen saturation under increased pressure]. AB - A mathematical model of the O2 transport within the brain aided to calculate the transitional processes of O2 tension in stepwise increase of the O2 amount in arterial blood as well as in alterations of the main physiological and morphological factors determining the O2 content and its changes in the organs and tissues under these conditions. The mathematical model took into consideration the actual data of mass-transfer in the microcirculation system and was described in the form of differential equations which had been solved by a digital computer with the aid of nets technique. The change of the pO2 mean level within the space of the modelled construction and under the conditions of the stepwise alterations of the above factors, was shown to be actualized during a period of time longer by order than in normoxia. Parameters of the transitional processes of saturation of the brain tissue with oxygen were shown to depend on the O2 content in arterial blood, on the blood flow velocity in capillaries and their density. PMID- 6662221 TI - [Effect of propranolol on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve]. PMID- 6662223 TI - [Neuronal background pulse activity of the rostral and caudal portions of the periamygdala cortex]. AB - The spontaneous impulse activity of neurons in the rostral and caudal parts of cat periamygdaloid cortex revealed some functional differences between the parts in respect to interspike interval magnitude. PMID- 6662224 TI - [Dynamics of the oxygen tension in the hippocampus and sensorimotor cortex during the wakefulness-sleep cycle]. AB - Recording of the PO2 dynamics in the hippocampus and sensorimotor cortex revealed that the level of PO2 changes rather easily and dramatically depending on emotional tension of the organism during different phases of sleep and wakefulness and being, probably, related to the functional shifts occurring in these structures. On the basis of the percentage of periodical constituents of the PO2 oscillations it may be concluded that the functional activity in the dorsal hippocampus is enhanced during active wakefulness and paradoxical phase of sleep (PS); while during passive wakefulness and slow sleep it is depressed. The maximum occurs in the PS and minimum--in the slow sleep. PMID- 6662225 TI - [Electrical activity of the symmetrical areas of the hippocampi]. AB - In acute experiments in unanesthetized immobilized cats, tonic relationships between the contralateral dorsal and ventral hippocampi were studied. The patterns of EEG activity were recorded before and after the alterations induced in the activating level of these structures. The data obtained during the repetitive stimulation of the midbrain RF together with the results of unilateral local application of procaine to different hippocampal areas, revealed the tonic inhibitory relationships between the opposite hippocampi. These data make evident that the dorsal and ventral hippocampi have different functional connections with the integrative brain mechanisms. PMID- 6662226 TI - [Chemosensitive neuronal responses of the lateral hypothalamus in rats to simultaneous stimulation of the taste and viscero-chemoreceptors]. AB - Adequate chemical stimulation of tongue receptors and viscerochemoreceptors was used for testing interactions between taste and viscerochemical information in units of the rat lateral hypothalamus. Some neurons only responded to the combined stimulation whereas other neurons responded to stimulation of one receptive zone only (taste or viscerochemical units). PMID- 6662227 TI - [Effect of etimizol on the nystagmic reactions in optokinetic stimulation and aftereffect]. AB - In chronic experiments on rabbits, changes of frequency and amplitude of the optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) were studied during continuous 60-min optokinetic (OK) stimulation and in secondary trace reverse phase of the OKN called the reverse postoptokinetic nystagmus (RPN) for 30 min after cessation of the OK stimulation prior to and after administration of 5 mg/kg aethimizol. The drug was administered 20 min prior to the OK-stimulation and on the 35th min of the stimulation. Aethimizol was found to increase considerably the OKN frequency, amplitude and the RPN. The RPN frequency was considerably decreased after aethimizol administration. Aethimizol seems to improve the process of nystagmus formation during the OK-stimulation and to weaken the process of formation of the asymmetry of nervous centers excitation during a prolonged OK-stimulation. PMID- 6662228 TI - [Neurons of the enteral portion of the metasympathetic system cultured in diffusion chambers]. AB - A culture of the neurons of metasympathetic system's enteral portion of 3-5-day old rats was obtained and fragments of the mienteral plexus were implanted to adult rats-recipients. A technique of cultivation was developed for in vivo microscopy of culture's neurons. Migration of neuroblasts from the deplantate area was revealed as well as the specific features of neurons differentiation. The neurons were shown to acquire characteristic morphological features corresponding to Dogel's I and II types of neurons; growth of neurites was shown to aid to formation of neuropil and microglia. Histochemical analysis revealed a product of response to cholinesterase which is the index of formation of the acetylcholine hydrolysis system in the culture's I type neurons. The technique of electron-microscopic scanning enables to watch in detail the process of formation of interneuronal connections and formation of a synapse. PMID- 6662229 TI - [Regulation of local cerebral blood flow: the concept of the homeostatic range]. AB - Multichannel recording of the intensity of local blood flow in neighbouring microareas of the cortex was performed in acute experiments on cats under the conditions of: a) changes of systemic arterial pressure and b) asphyxia by the method of electrochemical generation of hydrogen. On the basis of data obtained a hypothesis was formulated on the existence of "homeostatic range" of local blood flow intensity and its displacement when the metabolic demand of nervous tissue and/or the degree of arterial blood saturation with oxygen are altered. The hypothesis explains the causes of temporal and amplitude differences in characteristics of changes of local blood flow in neighbouring microareas of the cortex under the effects of general character as well as the mechanism responsible for the development of posthypoxic hyperemia. PMID- 6662230 TI - [Role of fluctuations in the blood filling the vascular bed and in the linear blood flow velocity in the genesis of pulsatile waves of electrical impedance in a part of the body]. AB - Study of oscillations of the animal limb's electrical impedance in conditions of limb perfusion with autologous blood and homogenous solutions whose electrical conductivity is practically independent of the linear blood flow velocity, revealed that velocity changes of the blood electrical conductivity exerted practically no effect on formation of the pulse waves of the body part's electrical impedance. PMID- 6662231 TI - [Peptide interactions in the intestines of birds]. AB - Interaction among various dipeptides was studied during their uptake in the mucosa of the small intestine of chicks. The effects observed were either inhibiting (L-valyl-L-valine inhibited the uptake of glycyl-L-alpha-alanine, glycyl-L-proline, L-leucyl-glycine, glycylglycine, and L-alpha-alanyl-L-alpha alanine inhibited the uptake of glycyl-L-proline and L-leucylglycine) or stimulating (L-valyl-L-valine activated the uptake of glycyl-L-leucine), or neutral (L-alpha-alanyl-L-alpha-alanine exerted no significant effect on the absorption of glycyl-L-leucine and glycyl-L-valine). The amount and direction of the modifying effect depended on the agent concentration. Effects observed during the interaction of dipeptides and mixtures of free amino acids equimolar to them were identical. It is only possible if hydrolytic processes precede the transport and are closely related to them. PMID- 6662233 TI - [Potassium activity in the extracellular fluid of rats in body imbalance]. PMID- 6662232 TI - [Electrical and contractile activity of the lymphangions of the mesenteric lymphatic vessels]. AB - The electrical activity of smooth muscle of isolated lymphangiomas revealed spontaneous APs about 3.8 +/- 1.3 mV for 200-250 ms preceding the contractions. In Ca-free solution the APs and the contractions disappeared. The blockade of calcium channels suppressed electrical activity of smooth muscle cells. The increase of amplitude and time of the APs increased the amplitude and time of the contractions. The data suggest that spontaneous APs play a part in activation and coordination of the phasic contractions, and show that automaticity of lymphangiomas is revealed in smooth muscle cells of the circular layers of the valves, and that tonic and phasic contractions have a special type of membrane activating mechanisms. PMID- 6662234 TI - [Mechanisms of the formation of a neuronal reaction of the lateral geniculate body in the cat to moving stimuli]. AB - Mechanisms of response to a moving stimulus were analysed in a model of neuronal net with space-time negative feedback. A role of different couplings and the effect of their weight functions parameters are described. The inadequate space couplings had to be wider than adequate ones whereas the time parameter of inadequate couplings had to be lesser than that of adequate couplings. PMID- 6662235 TI - [Lymph protein transport in the isolated liver with a change in the colloid osmotic pressure of the perfusate]. PMID- 6662236 TI - [Method of isolating tungsten microelectrodes for registering neuronal activity in chronic experiments]. PMID- 6662237 TI - [3-channel measuring device for recording nerve tissue bioelectrical activity]. PMID- 6662238 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the correspondence of the pulse flow to the functioning of a neuronal group]. PMID- 6662239 TI - [Method of microelectrode research on the brain of dolphins]. PMID- 6662240 TI - [Blood flow measurement in the mamma of agricultural animals by the hydrogen clearance method]. PMID- 6662241 TI - [Case of intrathoracic pheochromocytoma occurring 9 years after resection of intraabdominal paraaortic pheochromocytoma: effect of metoclopramide and sulpiride on catecholamine secretion in vitro]. AB - A 29-year-old female who had undergone resection of an abdominal paraaortic pheochromocytoma weighing 33 g at the age of 20 had had severe headaches, hypertension and hyperhidrosis 3 years prior to the surgery. Postoperatively, her symptoms completely disappeared and urinary catecholamines were normalized. She was well and had married and had had 2 children. She was admitted to our hospital on August 22, 1982, for further evaluation of hypertension (154/100), which had been diagnosed 2 months previously. Endocrinological studies confirming the presence of a pheochromocytoma were as follows: 1) Plasma noradrenaline level was significantly elevated to 1750 pg/ml. 2) Urinary catecholamine and their metabolites (Metanephrines and VMA) were markedly elevated. Her blood pressure was borderline hypertension and its diurnal rhythm was lost. Her blood pressure decreased to normal values after the oral administration of labetalol (100 mg). Plasma noradrenaline level was still high at 180 minutes after the oral administration of clonidine (150 micrograms). Hypertensive response to insulin induced hypoglycemia (regular insulin 0.1 u/kg i.v.) was observed, but blood pressure returned to normal after the infusion of glucose alone. Hypertensive response to both metoclopramide (5 mg i.v.) and sulpiride (50 mg per os) was observed accompanying the significant elevation of plasma noradrenaline. Computed tomography and ultrasonography revealed a tumor localized between the aorta and the vena cava inferior. Selective venous sampling also revealed an intrathoracic pheochromocytoma. On October 8, 1982, a 28 g mass was removed from the mediastinum just above the diaphragma. Histologically, it was typical of a pheochromocytoma. Electron microscopy showed large polygonal cells with numerous large secretory granules characteristic of noradrenaline-granules. Postoperative blood pressure was normal, but repeated measurements of plasma and urinary catecholamines were still slightly high. We, therefore, followed her case carefully at our out-patient clinic. In order to clarify the mechanism of catecholamine release by metoclopramide and sulpiride, tissue cultures of removed pheochromocytoma with and without these drugs were carried out. The in vitro studies revealed that metoclopramide released noradrenaline eight-fold and sulpiride 13-fold as compared with noradrenaline in a control medium. We concluded that both drugs stimulated catecholamine secretion directly from the tumor and thus, careless administration of these drugs should be avoided when pheochromocytoma was suspected, large or small. Finally, the rate of tumor growth seemed to be very slow because it took 9 years to ach PMID- 6662242 TI - [Viability of human chorionic villi in organ culture]. AB - The method and technique of organ culture of human chorionic villi was elaborated in our laboratory. In this report, placental specimens obtained at 15 to 18 weeks of gestation were studied in organ culture for 7 days in terms of the maintenance of morphological integrity and the preservation of functions. The morphological aspect of the viability of the various villous elements with special emphasis on the trophoblast cells was described histologically and ultrastructurally. The functional aspect of the viability was discussed by analysis of the suppressive effect of the cultivated villi on plasminogen activator (PA) secretion by OK-432 elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages, by analyses of the activity of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase coupled with delta 5-delta 4-isomerase (HSD) and of the radioactivity of [125I]-Iododeoxyuridine ( [125I]-IUdR) retained in the DNA of the trophoblast cells. Specimens of normal placenta were obtained at the time of induced abortion. The gestational ages were 15, 16 and 18 weeks. Specimens for organ culture were prepared under sterile conditions within one hour after expulsion of the placenta. Through gross dissection, the villi were isolated and minced into fragments of approximately 1 to 2 mm3. Incubation was carried out at 37 degrees C in a conventional static chamber with a gas mixture of 95% air, 5% CO2. The culture dishes and culture media were renewed every day. Data are the mean values of the duplicate incubations. In the first series of organ culture, placental fragments were removed at the end of each day of incubation, washed thoroughly and transferred to the new dishes with a culture medium freed from fetal bovine serum, where further incubation was performed for 24 hours. After this, placental fragments were fixed in 4% neutral buffered formalin, processed through paraffin embedding, serially sectioned at 5 micron and stained by periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) procedure. Culture medium obtained in this series at each end of incubation was put into a "macrophage plate" with the addition of plasminogen in the concentration of 2 IU/m1, in which OK-432 elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages with the capacity to secrete PA were cultured. Reaction was terminated at 24 hours unless otherwise indicated. Ten microliters of the medium in the "macrophage plate" was applied to the fibrin plate, and reaction was performed for 18 hours. PA activity was expressed by plasmin activity converted from plasminogen measured by the single radial immuno diffusion method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6662243 TI - [A simple and direct radioimmunoassay for serum and urinary metanephrine]. AB - A simple, direct and specific radioimmunoassay for serum and urinary metanephrine was developed, in which we used 125I-Synephrine and specific antiserum generated in rabbits by injecting with metanephrine conjugated with bovine serum albumin as described by Grota and Brown. The sensitivity of the assay was 2 pg/tube. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 2.6 approximately 7.8% and 5.0 approximately 9.6%, respectively. The recoveries of metanephrine added at two levels of 250 pg/ml and 500 pg/ml to ten serum samples and ten urine samples (hydrolyzed and diluted) were 96.7 and 108% in serum, and 94.8 and 103% in urine, respectively. Normal values of serum metanephrine were 40.3 +/- 25.8 pg/ml (mean +/- SD) from 20 normal subjects. Normal values of 24 hour urinary metanephrine excretion were 12.5 +/- 6.7 ug/day from 24 normal subjects. Serum metanephrine values for 7 patients with pheochromocytoma were 210 approximately 628 pg/ml. Urinary metanephrine values for 9 patients with pheochromocytoma 8.7 approximately 302 ug/day. PMID- 6662244 TI - [Case of hyperthyroidism with pancytopenia]. AB - A case of hyperthyroidism associated with pancytopenia has been reported. A 51 year-old woman was hospitalized for the investigation of struma, peripheral edema and fatigue. Hormonal studies revealed hyperfunction of the thyroid gland. Hematological examinations showed normocytic normochromic anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia with hyperplastic bone marrow and increased serum iron levels. Elevations of the anti-thyroidal antibody and anti-microsomal antibody, and a decrease in CH50 titer were observed. A Coombs' test and anti-leukocytic antibody and anti-thrombocytic antibody tests were negative. The numbers of erythrocyte and thrombocyte were normalized after the administration of methimazole for three months as were the findings of the bone marrow and the serum iron level. However, leukopenia was maintained due to the effect of methimazole. It should be suggested that the etiology of pancytopenia might be due to hyperthyroidism. Although the mechanism of pancytopenia in a patient with hyperthyroidism is unclear, it might be related to the reduced life-span of whole blood components and/or partially to the autoimmune mechanism. PMID- 6662246 TI - Tumor Registry. PMID- 6662245 TI - Infectious arthritis at the Wilmington Medical Center 1972-1982. PMID- 6662247 TI - [Significance of the monocyte-macrophage system for the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and its clinical expression]. PMID- 6662248 TI - [Reduced UV erythema sensitivity of unaffected psoriatic skin]. PMID- 6662250 TI - [Accuracy of clinical diagnoses in malignant skin melanomas]. PMID- 6662249 TI - [Skin reactivity to recall antigens in psoriasis]. PMID- 6662251 TI - [Effect of benzene on the growth and reactivity of human lymphocytes]. PMID- 6662252 TI - Short-duration dithranol therapy for psoriasis. AB - 40 outpatients with psoriasis vulgaris of limited extent were treated with daily brief applications of a 1, 2 or 3% dithranol ointment. The treatment was effective in cases of large plaques, small lesions and guttate psoriasis. There was a very poor therapeutic response in palmoplantar psoriasis and in residual lesions after Ingram's regimen. PMID- 6662253 TI - Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. AB - A case and the family pedigree with the dominant genodermatosis blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) are described. It is shown that the mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant with good penetrance and that the affected individuals examined all are healthy apart from the skin disease. PMID- 6662254 TI - Gardner-Diamond syndrome. AB - The case of a patient suffering from Gardner-Diamond syndrome is described. Owing to the uncertain etiology, we suggest that the functional platelet defect found may intervene, maintaining and making the ecchymotic lesions worse. PMID- 6662255 TI - Coincidence of primary malignant melanoma of skin and eye. Report of a case without B-K mole syndrome but with a further malignancy. AB - Although primary malignant melanomas of the skin or eye alone are not too rare, their coincidence is most uncommon. The case of a 41-year-old Caucasian male is reported who developed superficially spreading melanoma on the skin of his trunk 9 years after the enucleation of his right eye because of a fusiform melanoma of the choroidal membrane. Staging revealed a further malignancy: hemangiopericytoma inside and adjacent to the left psoas muscle. Both theoretical and practical conclusions to be drawn from the case are discussed. PMID- 6662256 TI - Keratoacanthoma arising in stasis dermatitis. AB - A case of keratoacanthoma arising in stasis dermatitis is presented. The eczematous dermatitis was aggravated by episodes of deep tissue inflammation, yet the common course of the tumor was not altered. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a keratoacanthoma arising in stasis dermatitis. PMID- 6662257 TI - Endometriosis of the umbilicus. AB - Endometriosis is a common phenomenon. Most cases reported are pelvic endometriosis which cause typical symptoms. Cutaneous endometriosis is rare, usually appearing in surgical scars or following surgical procedures. Umbilical endometriosis can occur after surgery but is generally spontaneous. Six cases of spontaneous umbilical endometriosis are presented. PMID- 6662258 TI - Fasciitis eosinophilica. AB - Hypergamma-globulinemia and eosinophilia in the peripheral blood were found in a 4-year-old girl with scleroderma-like lesions within the upper and lower limbs. Histological examination excluded scleroderma. After 6 weeks of treatment with steroids, almost a complete retreat of scleroderma-like lesions was achieved. PMID- 6662259 TI - [ Pilar sheath acanthoma - a benign follicular hamartoma]. AB - A new case of pilar sheath acanthoma is reported. This tumor has been identified in 1978 and shows characteristic histological features: a central sinus with keratinous material, a pore-like opening to the surface, keratinization of the epidermoid type and projecting epithelial tumor lobes containing small keratin cysts resembling incomplete pilar differentiation. PMID- 6662260 TI - A rare tumor: subungual chondroma. Report of a case. PMID- 6662261 TI - Proceedings of ISDCI Invertebrate Immunity Conference, Swansea, Wales, August 31st-September 3rd, 1982 and Symposium: Developmental and comparative immunology of vertebrates, Masserberg, G.D.R., November 8-12, 1982. PMID- 6662262 TI - The influence of maternal oxygen inhalation on human placental and umbilical venous blood flow. AB - The effect of maternal short-term inhalation of oxygen (51/min) on intervillous (IVBF) and umbilical vein blood flow (UVBF) was studied in 22 cases during the third trimester of pregnancy. The maternal paO2 levels increased significantly (P less than 0.001) after O2 inhalation. The mean IVBF level was 190 +/- 66 (SD) ml/min per 100 ml of the intervillous space before inhalation and 125 +/- 58 ml afterwards, the decrease being significant (P less than 0.01). UVBF maintained its original level after O2 inhalation. The human fetus seems not to compensate for alterations in oxygen delivery and reduced IVBF after maternal oxygen inhalation, by means of changes in UVBF. PMID- 6662263 TI - Uterine motility after post-partum application of sulprostone and other oxytocics. AB - With the introduction of prostaglandins to obstetrics another group of substances was known to influence uterine motility also post partum. It was interesting to study the effect of equal doses of synthetic prostaglandin E2 (sulprostone), methergin and synthetic oxytocin on the so-called puerperal model in humans. By transcervically introduced twin-catheters uterine motility was recorded after uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery in 101 volunteers. Uterine motility was recorded and evaluated according to the onset of the effect, its duration, motility pattern and uterine activity. Maternal heart-rate was additionally recorded similarly to the feto-maternal cardiotocogram. All substances were applied by intramuscular injection. The following observations could be made: 1. Onset: sulprostone is effective in the shortest time, followed by oxytocin and methergin. 2. DURATION: the most prolonged effect is noticed with methergin, followed by sulprostone and syntocinon. 3. Motility pattern: the strongest effect can be seen with sulprostone, followed by methergin and syntocinon. 4. Increase of uterine motility was highest with sulprostone, followed by methergin and oxytocin. 5. No side-effects on the maternal heart-rate could be found with any of the tested substances. As a conclusion, sulprostone is recommended in the treatment of severe bleeding post partum when an immediate and long-lasting effect is to be achieved with one single substance. PMID- 6662265 TI - Glycoconjugates and recognition phenomena. PMID- 6662264 TI - Chylothorax in a twin pregnancy of 34 weeks--sonographically diagnosed. AB - In a twin pregnancy of 34 gestational weeks sonographic follow-up revealed a rapidly spreading hydrothorax in one twin and slight ascites in the other. Analysis of aspirated fluid by intrauterine needle puncture suggested a chylothorax. Pathogenesis of chylothorax is discussed. Differential diagnosis of hydrothorax is presented. Intrauterine puncture is the only method of achieving prenatal diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 6662266 TI - Molecular conformations in proteoglycan aggregation. PMID- 6662267 TI - The three-dimensional structure of the carbohydrate within the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G. PMID- 6662268 TI - Structural and conformational analysis of immunoglobulin-derived N-linked oligosaccharides. PMID- 6662269 TI - Conformation of the glycoprotein glycans of the N-acetyl-lactosaminic type (complex type). PMID- 6662270 TI - Stereochemistry of circularly closed oligosaccharides: cyclodextrin structure and function. PMID- 6662271 TI - Multiple-helical glucans. PMID- 6662272 TI - The structure and role of the carbohydrate moieties of influenza virus haemagglutinin. PMID- 6662273 TI - What can the muscle biochemist tell the muscle physiologist? PMID- 6662274 TI - Oxygen-exchange reactions of actomyosin subfragment-1. PMID- 6662275 TI - Protein phosphorylation in the regulation of cardiac contraction. PMID- 6662276 TI - Vasectomy--safe and simple. PMID- 6662277 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin in cord blood following normal and diabetic pregnancies. AB - Cord and maternal blood samples were obtained at delivery in 25 normal and 14 diabetic pregnancies (13 insulin-dependent, one gestational). Total glycosylated haemoglobin, measured by the colorimetric thiobarbiturate method (mmol hydroxymethylfurfural/mol haemoglobin), was lower in cord than maternal blood (mean 18.7 +/- 1.7 versus 26.5 +/- 2.1, mean +/- SD, p less than 0.001). Glycosylated haemoglobin was higher following diabetic pregnancies, both in cord (diabetic 19.9 +/- 1.6 versus normal 17.9 +/- 1.4, p less than 0.001) and maternal samples (diabetic 27.7 +/- 1.5 versus normal 25.6 +/- 2.1, p less than 0.005). Cord and maternal glycosylated haemoglobin correlated in the normal (r = 0.60, p less than 0.01) but not in the diabetic group (r = 0.02, NS). Birth weight ratio was higher in infants of diabetic than of normal mothers (1.10 +/- 0.16 versus 0.99 +/- 0.13, p less than 0.05) but failed to correlate with cord or maternal glycosylated haemoglobin or, in the diabetic group, with mean blood glucose. PMID- 6662278 TI - Impaired autoregulation of blood flow in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous tissue in long-term Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microangiopathy. AB - Autoregulation of blood flow was studied in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous tissue in seven Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (median age: 36 years) with nephropathy and retinopathy and in eight normal subjects of the same age. Blood flow was measured by the local 133Xe washout technique. Reduction in arterial perfusion pressure was produced by elevating the limb 20 and 40 cm above heart level. Blood flow remained within 10% of control values when the limb was elevated in normal subjects. In five of the seven diabetic subjects blood flow fell significantly in both tissues when the limb was elevated 40 cm indicating impaired autoregulation. The results suggest that intrinsic vascular (arteriolar) mechanisms (myogenic and/or metabolic) underlying the normal autoregulatory response are defective in some diabetic patients with microangiopathy. PMID- 6662279 TI - Venous thrombosis in diabetes mellitus. AB - The incidence over 7 days of isotopically-detected calf and popliteal vein thrombosis was determined in a group of 60 diabetic patients admitted to hospital with myocardial infarction, heart failure or stroke, or for abdominal surgery. The result was compared with the incidence in 60 control subjects matched for age, sex and presenting diagnosis. Twenty-one diabetic patients developed positive 125I-fibrinogen scans, compared with 19 control subjects; this difference is not significant. We conclude that diabetes is not associated with an enhanced risk of thrombosis in veins. It is therefore possible that the arterial and capillary abnormalities found in diabetes may arise from mechanisms other than a generalised thrombotic tendency. PMID- 6662281 TI - Kidney size and glomerular filtration rate in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus revisited. PMID- 6662280 TI - Ciglitazone, a new hypoglycaemic agent. 3. Effect on glucose disposal and gluconeogenesis in vivo in C57BL/6J-ob/ob and -+/? mice. AB - Ciglitazone is orally active in preventing and reversing the hyperglycaemic syndrome in C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice and it is only mildly and transiently hypoglycaemic in lean littermates (C57BL/6J-+/?). Its effect on glucose disposal in vivo was estimated by injecting glucose-6-3H/14C and following the specific activity of radiolabelled glucose at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after injection. The rate constants of glucose turnover were calculated to be as follows in decreasing order: treated obese (0.046/min), treated lean (0.032/min), control lean (0.026/min), and control obese (0.022/min). The obese mice showed less futile Cori cycle activity than the lean mice and ciglitazone had negligible effect on glucose recycling. The control obese mice incorporated more radiolabels in hepatic lipids, glycogen, and proteins than the control lean mice and ciglitazone further enhanced the incorporations. Ciglitazone also increased hepatic accumulations of radiolabels in the glycogen and lipid fractions in the lean littermates. Using lactate-14C as precursor, gluconeogenesis in vivo was measured in control and treated obese and lean mice. Ciglitazone significantly lowered the rate of conversion of lactate-14C to glucose-14C in the obese mice but not in the lean littermates. PMID- 6662282 TI - Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma in a non-diabetic child. PMID- 6662283 TI - Systolic time intervals in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus during exercise. PMID- 6662285 TI - Defects in the archenteron of mouse embryos homozygous for the T-mutation. AB - The development of the head process was studied in mouse embryos homozygous for the Brachyury (T) mutation at stages between days 7 1/2 and 8 1/2 using scanning electron microscopy. Intact T/T embryos removed from deciduae were distinguished from their normal littermates at the presomite stage on the basis of an abnormally short allantois. In the homozygotes so distinguished, the prenotochordal cells were fewer in the archenteron area, and the typical indentation of the archenteron was not observed. These defects are probably early indicators of the abnormality of the notochord previously described for later stages of development. PMID- 6662284 TI - The epithelial genotype controls the pattern of extracellular enamel prism formation. AB - Enamel formation in the developing tooth organ is the product of epithelial mesenchymal interactions which result in the differentiation of ameloblasts, the secretion of enamel proteins, and the production of a highly organized extracellular matrix. The three-dimensional organization of enamel prisms is species-specific: irregular polygon-shaped in rabbit and rectangular-shaped in mouse. We designed experiments to test the hypothesis that three-dimensional organization of enamel prism formation is genetically determined by epithelium; the prediction being that species-specific enamel prism pattern formation is expressed independent of mesenchymal instructions. Our strategy employs scanning electron microscopy to examine enamel prism patterns formed during rabbit and mouse tooth morphogenesis in situ and in vitro, and to then determine the specific tissue type required for regulating these patterns using heterotypic tissue recombinations. Morphometric analyses demonstrated that cap stage tooth organs cultured on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) formed enamel prisms equivalent to prism patterns observed for in situ controls. Heterotypic tissue recombinations, using cap stage molar organs, formed rabbit-like prisms with rabbit epithelium/mouse mesenchyme, and mouse-like prisms with mouse epithelium/rabbit mesenchyme. These results indicate that dental papilla mesenchyme has no apparent influence on enamel prism pattern formation. Enamel prism pattern appears to be genetically regulated by the inner enamel epithelium. PMID- 6662286 TI - Abnormalities of cells and extracellular matrix of T/T embryos. AB - The dominant mutation T, (Brachyury), of the T/t-complex in the mouse causes severe disorganization in neural tube, notochord, and somites in homozygotes. The use of scanning electron microscopy to investigate the relationships of cells to one another and to the extracellular matrix in the three axial organs and in the head mesenchyme reveals that cells in all areas examined are abnormal in size, shape, and arrangement in T/T embryos. Cells of T/T head mesenchyme and somites are arrayed in flat sheets of broadened cells with fewer cytoplasmic processes than those of normal littermates. The notochord is discontinuous and its surface is exposed rather than covered by a dense matrix as in the normal. Likewise the sheath of the T/T neural tube is less dense than normal. Cell size and shape are very irregular whereas normal neural tube cells are all about the same size. Extracellular matrix in T/T embryos is greatly decreased in all areas. PMID- 6662287 TI - Friend erythroleukemia cell differentiation: induction by retinoids. AB - Growth in the presence of retinoids was found to induce erythroid differentiation in Friend murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells in culture. The program of differentiated functions expressed by retinoid-treated cells was quite similar to that promoted by other inducers of MEL cell differentiation. For example, 70% or more of induced cells synthesized hemoglobin which accumulated to a level of 8 micrograms-10 micrograms per 10(6) cells. The level of acetylcholinesterase activity increased two to five-fold in induced cells, and induction by retinoids, like induction by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), promoted the appearance of cell surface lumps or 'blebs'. All-trans retinaldehyde, which promoted maximum hemoglobin and acetylcholinesterase synthesis at a concentration of 5 X 10(-7) M, was found to be a more potent inducer than all-trans retinoic acid or retinol, which both showed maximum induction at 1 X 10(-5) M. Like differentiation promoted by DMSO, retinoid-induced differentiation was inhibited by 10(-7) M dexamethasone. PMID- 6662288 TI - Degeneration of archenteron in sea urchin embryos caused by alpha,alpha' dipyridyl. AB - Degeneration of the archenteron in middle gastrulae occurred in the presence of alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl or Zn2+, inhibitors of prolyl hydroxylase. In the presence of these substances the archenteron degenerated and was eventually destroyed. Adding Fe2+ to the embryo culture containing alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl protected the archenteron from further degeneration, but the collapsed archenteron was not restored to the upright position. At the late gastrula stage, alpha,alpha' dipyridyl did not cause the degeneration of the archenteron. Treatment of the embryos by alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl, starting at the swimming blastula state, resulted in the production of many mesenchyme-like cells but archenteron was not produced in the embryos. Addition of Fe2+ to alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl culture, just before the beginning of gastrulation of normal embryos, resulted in the formation of normal archenteron. alpha,alpha'-Dipyridyl inhibited hydroxylation of proline residues of collagen in sea urchin embryos and Fe2+ prevented the inhibition by alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl. Respiration was not inhibited by alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl. PMID- 6662289 TI - Neutral morphogenetic activity of epithelium in heterologous tissue recombinations. AB - To assess the existence of specific and nonspecific epithelial instructions for mesenchymal cell differentiation we compared homospecific and heterospecific mouse and quail tissue recombinations. In heterospecific recombinants between trypsin-dissociated mouse molar mesenchyme and quail epithelia neither odontoblasts nor chondrocytes differentiated. Cartilage appeared if the quail epithelium was contaminated with homologous limb mesenchyme and odontoblasts differentiated if the mouse dental epithelium was contaminated with dental papilla cells. PMID- 6662290 TI - Hemoperfusion and pharmacokinetic studies with methamidophos in the rat. AB - A gas chromatographic method for quantifying methamidophos in plasma was developed and used to study the kinetics of methamidophos in the rat and to evaluate the efficacy of hemoperfusion therapy for treating organophosphate insecticide poisoned individuals. Intravenous administration of methamidophos resulted in a plasma decay curve which corresponded to a one compartment pharmacokinetic model with the following pharmacokinetic parameters: t1/2 = 1.5 hr; Vd = 0.81 L/kg; C1 = 5.8 mL/min/kg; kel = 0.45 hr-1. Hemoperfusion with activated charcoal effectively removed methamidophos from the blood of intoxicated rats, and significantly decreased the body burden of methamidophos; 27% of the administered dose of methamidophos was removed during five hours of perfusion. Despite a rapid reduction in the body burden of the insecticide, rats were not protected against a lethal dose of the insecticide. Because of the rapid and slowly reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by organophosphate insecticides, hemoperfusion alone will not improve the clinical status of organophosphate insecticide poisoned patients. PMID- 6662291 TI - Acute and subchronic toxicity of ethylenediamine in laboratory animals. AB - As part of a comprehensive toxicology program on ethylenediamine (EDA), acute, short-term repeated and subchronic toxicity studies were conducted. Ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (EDA X 2HCl) was used in these studies. EDA X 2HCl was slightly to moderately toxic to laboratory rats, mice or rabbits in the following acute tests: Peroral intubation, percutaneous administration, primary skin irritation and eye injury. Following dietary inclusion of EDA X 2HCl for 7 days at up to 2.70 g/kg/day to Fischer 344 rats or B6C3F1 mice, body weight gain and some organ weights of the animals were depressed in both sexes at the highest dose level. When Fischer 344 rats were fed EDA X 2HCl at 0, 0.05, 0.25, 1.00 g/kg/day for 3 months, marked decreases in body weight gain were observed in both sexes at the highest dose level. Other dose-related effects observed in either or both sexes primarily at the highest dose level, and for some at the intermediate dose level, included organ weight changes and alterations in some clinical chemistry, hematology and urinalysis parameters. No deaths occurred during the exposure period, nor were there any significant gross lesions in any of the animals. Histologic findings indicate a dose-related increase in hepatocellular pleomorphism and mild hepatocellular degeneration. PMID- 6662292 TI - Delayed contact hypersensitivity in the vagina and skin of the guinea pig. AB - A new method was developed to permit the contact of haptens exclusively with the vaginal mucosal surfaces of the guinea pig. The method described has some unique characteristics that make it potentially useful, not only for studies of the immune response but also for other areas of toxicologic concern. Utilizing this approach it was demonstrated that delayed contact hypersensitivity was as readily produced in the vagina as it was in the skin. Grossly, the vaginas of sensitized animals appeared normal when challenged with a non-irritating concentration of hapten but, histologically, a perivascular lymphocytic cuffing, that is the hallmark of the delayed hypersensitivity response, was demonstrated. PMID- 6662293 TI - A dynamic closed-loop recirculating inhalation chamber for conducting pharmacokinetic and short-term toxicity studies. AB - Tests for evaluating the hazard of inhalation exposure generally require large quantities of the chemical of interest. This paper describes an inhalation technique that involves a dynamic closed-loop recirculating system which uses only small amounts of toxicant since the test atmosphere to which the animals are exposed is recycled. Carbon dioxide and water are continually removed while the oxygen and test substance absorbed by the animals are replenished. The approach described is different from other closed-loop chambers since the test substance is continuously added to the chamber and the air concentration is continuously measured. The technique was successfully used to expose 20 adult rats for up to 12 consecutive hours to 100 ppm of 14C-carbon tetrachloride yet only 2-3 mL of test material were consumed. The inhalation chambers were fabricated from standard 40-liter cylindrical glass bell jars. A high number of air changes (35 40 equivalent chamber volumes per hour) permitted exposure of as many as five adult rats per 10 liters of chamber volume. This closed-loop approach should prove to be especially useful for evaluating the risk of exposure to very expensive materials or when only limited quantities of a test material are available. These systems may also be used to expose rats and other small animals to radioisotopes in studies which evaluate the uptake, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of volatile xenobiotics. PMID- 6662294 TI - Efficacy of mono- and bis-pyridinium oximes versus soman, sarin and tabun poisoning in mice. AB - Various oximes (PAM, toxogonin, TMB-4, HS-6, HI-6, HGG-12, HGG-42) combined with atropine were compared as antidotes of soman, sarin and tabun poisoning in non fasted CD-1 male mice. TMB-4 was the most toxic oxime with an i.p. LD50 value of 80 mg/kg and HI-6 was the least toxic oxime with an i.p. LD50 of 588 mg/kg. Upon comparing ED50 values, HGG-42 was the most effective oxime versus soman and tabun poisoning whereas, HI-6 was the most effective oxime versus sarin poisoning. Further research needs to be done to explain the distinct differences in efficacy of the oximes versus poisoning by soman, sarin or tabun. PMID- 6662295 TI - Calcium channel blockade by certain opioids. AB - The calcium entry blocker, verapamil, enhanced morphine analgesia, but neither methadone nor propoxyphene analgesia was affected by verapamil in the mouse hot plate test. To explain this, it was hypothesized that methadione and propoxyphene differ from morphine because they, like verapamil, block calcium channels and subsequent studies were done to confirm this. Verapamil, methadone and propoxyphene all depressed barium-induced bovine adrenal catecholamine release and KCl-induced contractions of guinea pig ileum, which are known to be calcium dependent events. Calcium reversed opioid-induced inhibition in both tissues. Morphine did not affect either catecholamine release or ileal contractions. Procaine also did not influence catecholamine release or ileal contraction. Therefore, local anesthesia was eliminated as a mechanism for the inhibitory action of methadone and propoxyphene in these tissues. Opioids which block calcium channels should, like verapamil, produce bradycardia and hypotension. In the spinal vagotomized rat, methadone, propoxyphene, and verapamil produced bradycardia and hypotension, whereas, morphine produced tachycardia and (at low doses) hypertension. The results of this work suggest that methadone and propoxyphene, in contrast to morphine, block calcium channels in a manner similar to verapamil, and that some pharmacological and especially toxicological differences between these drugs are due to different degrees of verapamil-like calcium channel blockade. PMID- 6662296 TI - Effects of selected therapeutic agents on urolithiasis induced by terephthalic acid in the male weanling Fischer 344 rat. AB - Exposure of male weanling Fischer 344 rats to 4.0% terephthalic acid (TPA) in the diet (positive controls) for two weeks (postnatal days 28-42) resulted in a 50% incidence of bladder calculi, aciduria, elevated urinary excretion of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and slightly elevated serum levels of Ca and Mg relative to negative controls. Possible mechanisms of TPA-induced urolithiasis were examined by daily oral administration of allopurinol, chlorothiazide, or neutral phosphates, at their recommended therapeutic doses during exposure to dietary 4.0% TPA. An additional group was fed 4.0% TPA and 4.0% sodium bicarbonate in the diet for two weeks. Chlorothiazide or dietary bicarbonate abolished TPA-induced urolithiasis, but allopurinol and neutral phosphates had no effect. Bicarbonate increased water intake above that of positive controls and ameliorated the TPA induced aciduria. It also increased urinary Mg and TPA above positive control values. Chlorothiazide reduced urinary Ca and TPA levels below those of positive controls. Treatment with chlorothiazide, neutral phosphates or bicarbonate slightly reduced serum Ca below the levels in either positive or negative controls. Drug treatment did not alter TPA-induced elevated serum Mg levels, but bicarbonate reduced serum Mg levels to negative control values. In conclusion, TPA-induced urolithiasis in male weanling rats was abolished by therapeutic agents which reduced urinary Ca and TPA excretion (chlorothiazide), or which enhanced water intake, urinary Mg and TPA excretion, and ameliorated TPA-induced aciduria (dietary bicarbonate). These factors appear to be critical for TPA induced urolithiasis. PMID- 6662297 TI - Preclinical toxicology studies with acyclovir: teratologic, reproductive and neonatal tests. AB - Five studies were done to define the potential of Acyclovir (ACV), a new nucleoside analog for antiviral chemotherapy, to produce adverse effects on reproduction and development in laboratory animals. ACV produced no adverse effects when given by gavage to F0 generation mice at 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day in a two generation reproduction/fertility study. Some mice were evaluated for teratologic effects and others for postnatal development, including behavior, with negative results. ACV was not embryotoxic and did not increase the incidence of fetal malformations when given by subcutaneous injection to pregnant rats and rabbits at dose levels of 12, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day during the periods of major organogenesis. A comparative LD50 study revealed that 3-day-old rats were not more sensitive to acute toxic effects of ACV than more mature rats. Finally, in a comprehensive multidose toxicity study ACV was given subcutaneously to neonatal rats at 5, 20 and 80 mg/kg/day for 19 consecutive days. There was minimal effect on body weight gain in neonates treated at 20 mg/kg/day and a significant decrease in body weight gain at 80 mg/kg/day. Minimal renal lesions occurred at 80 mg/kg/day but no other signs of adverse effects on developing organ systems were observed. Except for decreased body weight gain in neonatal rats treated at 80 mg/kg/day, ACV did not produce adverse effects on mammalian development when tested in a variety of preclinical toxicology studies. PMID- 6662298 TI - Preclinical toxicology studies with acyclovir: ophthalmic and cutaneous tests. AB - Topical formulations of acyclovir (ACV) were tested in animals to define potential for tissue irritation and systemic toxicity. Acyclovir ointments (5 and 10% concentrations in polyethylene glycol vehicle) produced no sign of dermal irritation or systemic toxicity when applied to shaved abraded and intact skin of guinea pigs for 24 consecutive days. Solutions (0.9% normal saline vehicle) of ACV did not sensitize guinea pigs when 10 sensitizing doses and a challenge dose were injected intradermally. Petrolatum base ophthalmic ointments containing 1 and 3% ACV did not produce significant ocular irritation when applied to the corneas of New Zealand White rabbits 5 times each day for 21 consecutive days. A 6% petrolatum base ointment produced mild conjunctival irritation but no sign of corneal or iridic toxicity. Mean concentrations of 2.53 microM ACV were found in aqueous humor 2 hours after a 1 cm ribbon (21 mg) of 3% ophthalmic ointment was placed in the eyes of rabbits. A single treatment with a topical ointment containing 5% ACV in polyethylene glycol vehicle produced minimal irritation when placed in the eyes of New Zealand White rabbits. PMID- 6662300 TI - Preclinical toxicology studies with acyclovir: carcinogenicity bioassays and chronic toxicity tests. AB - Acyclovir (ACV), a nucleoside analog that is a new herpes-specific antiviral drug, was given by gavage at 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day to Sprague Dawley rats and Swiss mice for most of their lifetime to assess chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity. Treatment with ACV did not shorten the lifespan of either rats or mice. In fact, female mice given 150 and 450 mg/kg/day had significantly longer mean durations of survival than control female mice when analyzed by the life table technique. There were no signs of toxicosis produced by chronic exposure to ACV in either the rats or mice, and there was no drug-related increase in neoplasms in either species. Four groups of Beagle dogs were initially given daily oral doses of 15, 45 or 150 mg/kg ACV in a 1 year chronic toxicity study. Dogs treated at 150 mg/kg/day vomited, had diarrhea, consumed less feed and lost weight within 2 weeks. Dogs treated at 45 mg/kg/day also had minimal signs of gastrointestinal toxicosis. These dose levels were then decreased to 60 and 30 mg/kg/day for the rest of the one year test period. With the exception of occasional and inconsistent emesis and diarrhea, the 60 mg/kg/day dose level was well tolerated. Some mid and high dose dogs had sore paws due to erosion of footpads and cracking, splitting and loosening of the nails first becoming evident during the 13th week of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662299 TI - Preclinical toxicology studies with acyclovir: acute and subchronic tests. AB - Acyclovir (ACV), a new antiherpes drug, was evaluated for toxicity in a series of acute and subchronic toxicity tests. Oral LD50 values were greater than 10 000 mg/kg in male ICR mice and greater than 20 000 mg/kg in male Long Evans rats. When ACV was given iv, the LD50 was 405 mg/kg for male mice and greater than 600 mg/kg for male rats. Additionally, LD50 values for male rats treated sc were 1070, 790, 678, and 650 mg/kg in rats that were respectively, 3, 10, 28 and 71 days old indicating that very young rats were not more sensitive to acute toxic effects of ACV. There were no signs of toxicosis in CD-1 mice given ACV by gavage at dose levels of 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day for 1 month. Obstructive nephropathy occurred in rats given 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg/day once each day by rapid iv injection for 3 weeks. Both 5 and 10 mg/kg/day were no effect dose levels. Renal damage caused by precipitation of drug crystals in renal tubules and collecting ducts in rats given ACV by rapid iv injection was readily reversible within 2 weeks. Beagle dogs were given doses of 10, 20, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg b.i.d. by rapid iv injection for 1 month. All 8 dogs given 100 mg/kg b.i.d. died by the 8th day of treatment; 5 of 8 dogs given 50 mg/kg b.i.d. died after 21 to 31 days of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662302 TI - Lesions of the urinary tract produced in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice after chronic administration of 11-aminoundecanoic acid. AB - 11-Aminoundecanoic acid, the monomer of nylon 11, was toxic to the urinary tract of both male and female B6C3F1 mice and Fischer 344 rats, when administered in the diet at 7500 or 15 000 ppm for 103-104 weeks. Dose-related effects included a decrease in mean body weight gain and in survival for male rats and for mice of each sex; increased incidence of hyperplasia of the transitional epithelium of the kidney in rats of each sex; increased incidence of calcification of the kidney in the female rats; increased incidence of hyperplasia of the urinary bladder in male rats; and mineralization of the kidney in mice of each sex. Transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder of the male rat occurred with increased frequency in the high-dose group (control, 0/48; low-dose, 0/48; high dose, 7/49). Additional evidence for carcinogenicity in the male rat was seen in the liver, where an increased frequency of neoplastic nodules was found in the treated animals (controls, 1/50; low-dose, 9/50; high-dose, 8/50). Therefore, under the conditions of these studies, 11-aminoundecanoic acid was carcinogenic for male Fischer 344 rats, inducing transitional cell carcinomas in the urinary bladder and neoplastic nodules in the liver. The test chemical was not demonstrated to be carcinogenic for female Fischer 344 rats or for B6C3F1 mice of either sex. PMID- 6662301 TI - Preclinical toxicology studies with acyclovir: genetic toxicity tests. AB - Acyclovir (ACV), an antiviral drug active in the treatment of oral and genital Herpes infections, has been evaluated for mutagenic and carcinogenic potential in a battery of in vitro and in vivo short-term assays. Negative results were obtained in the following in vitro tests: Ames Salmonella, plate incorporation and preincubation modification assays; E. coli polA+/polA- DNA repair; yeast (S. cerevisiae D4) gene conversion; Chinese hamster ovary cells (HGPRT, APRT loci and ouabain-resistance marker); L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells (HGPRT locus and ouabain resistance marker); and C3H/10T1/2 mouse fibroblast neoplastic transformation assay. All except the last assay were performed in the presence and absence of an exogenous metabolic activation system. ACV was positive at high concentrations X exposure times in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation in the following in vitro systems and at the indicated concentrations: BALB/c-3T3 neoplastic transformation (50 micrograms/mL, 72 h exposure); human lymphocyte cytogenetics (250-500 micrograms/mL, 48 h exposure); and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells (TK locus, 400-2400 micrograms/mL, 4 h exposure; predominantly small colony mutants of chromosomal origin produced). No effects were seen in vivo (mouse dominant lethal assay; rat and Chinese hamster bone marrow cytogenetics) at up to maximum tolerated doses (MTD). An unusual clastogenic effect was seen in Chinese hamsters at 5 times the MTD. Overall, positive effects were seen only at either high concentrations (greater than or equal to 250 micrograms/mL in vitro or plasma levels) or prolonged exposure (72 hr in the BALB/c-3T3 neoplastic transformation assay). These studies support the view that ACV is a chromosomal mutagen, i.e., one which causes multi-locus damage but not single gene effects. The significance of these results for the genetic risk of ACV to man is discussed. PMID- 6662303 TI - Toxicity of smoke during chair smoldering tests and small scale tests using the same materials. AB - Toxicological evaluation of smoke produced during smoldering chair tests was undertaken by exposing mice to smoke emitted prior to, as well as following, flaming ignition of the chairs. By exposing several groups of mice, using undiluted smoke from the room containing the chairs, as well as various dilutions of the smoke, different levels of acute lethality were obtained. From these experiments, chairs constructed with polyurethane foam were found to create higher toxic atmospheres than chairs constructed with polyester or cotton fiber cushions. The same materials (polyurethane foam, polyester and cotton fibers) were also thermally decomposed in a small scale system and mice were exposed to the smoke to evaluate acute toxicity. Again polyurethane foam was found to produce smoke more toxic than smoke produced by polyester and cotton fibers. Sensory irritation monitored in mice during the smoldering tests indicated that an intense level of irritation was present long before large amounts of smoke were generated and long before flaming ignition occurred. The phenomenon of eye, nose and throat irritation would therefore be the first effect impeding escape attempts of individuals in a fire situation. Sensory irritation was followed by asphyxiation as evolution of carbon monoxide or hydrogen cyanide, or both, occurred. The same pattern of responses was observed with smoke generated with the small scale decomposition system. PMID- 6662304 TI - Propylene glycol monomethyl ether: a 13-week inhalation toxicity study in rats and rabbits. AB - Fischer 344 rats (10/sex/exposure concentration) and New Zealand White rabbits (7/sex/exposure concentration) were exposed to 0, 300, 1000, or 3000 ppm (0, 1.09, 3.62, or 10.9 mg/L) of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) for 6 hr/da, 5 da/wk, for 13 weeks. Minimal effects were observed in animals exposed to 3000 ppm. Indications of a transient central nervous system depression were observed in rats and rabbits exposed to 3000 ppm. There were also small increases (6 to 8%) in mean relative liver weights of 3000 ppm exposed male and female rats relative to controls. Minimal histologic effects were observed in the livers of 3000 ppm exposed female rats. These were suggestive of hepatocellular hypertrophy but were without evidence of degenerative changes. There was an increase in the urinary pH of male rats exposed to 3000 ppm PGME for 4 weeks, but this was not evident after 12 weeks of exposure. There was no indication of histopathological effects in the kidneys of either species, and there were no hematological effects. No treatment-related effects were found in either rats or rabbits exposed to 300 or 1000 ppm. PMID- 6662305 TI - The redundancy of mouse carcinogenicity bioassays. AB - Testing of chemicals for carcinogenic potential usually involves studies in rats and mice. The approaches followed in recent years often were limited to assessing tumor incidences and rarely viewed such information from the perspective of other kinds of toxicity. This practice supports the notion that certain chemicals possess the inherent characteristic of carcinogenic activity, which once identified in one species must be regarded as potential oncogenic hazard to all, including man. As long as public policy is based upon that premise, the classification of chemicals depends upon the worst results obtained in any species. It is not obvious why substances must be tested in both rats and mice when confirmatory or contradictory responses have little impact. Recent experience was examined to build a basis for an alternate approach. Review of oncogenicity information obtained for 273 chemicals fed to rats and mice shows that both species responded similarly to the majority of the substances tested. This "redundancy" probably would be higher had modern protocols been used. In view of the high cost in scientific resources of chronic studies, tests in only one rodent would be more cost effective. Reasons are presented for favoring the rat as the species to be used. Some of the savings thus achieved should be expended to improve the design of the experiments to yield toxicology data more comprehensive than mere tumor counts, so that the proper perspective can be obtained on the results. PMID- 6662306 TI - n-Butyl acrylate: cytogenetic investigations in the bone marrow of Chinese hamsters and rats after 4-day inhalation. AB - Chinese hamsters and rats were exposed to an average concentration of 817 ppm and 820 ppm n-butyl acrylate (acrylic acid n-butyl ester), respectively for 4 days. In both animal species, the exposure led to distinct signs of toxicity; four of ten male Chinese hamsters died during the exposure period. The chromosome analysis carried out in the bone marrow of the animals after the 4-day inhalation did not indicate any chromosome-damaging effect of n-butyl acrylate. Under the experimental conditions chosen the percentage of metaphases damaged was always in the same range as that of the controls for both Chinese hamsters and rats. PMID- 6662307 TI - [Professional and environmental factors conditioning allergic manifestations]. PMID- 6662308 TI - [Bacteriological study of 922 chronic hospitalized bronchopneumopathy patients]. PMID- 6662309 TI - [Indications for the surgical correction in patients with transposition of the great arteries, intact interventricular septum and organic or functional obstruction of the outflow tract of the left ventricle. Analysis of 53 cases operated on by the Mustard technic]. AB - Between January 1965 and December 1979, in our Unit 53 patients underwent Mustard's operation for TGA, intact ventricular septum and LVOTO. There were 35 males and 18 females, ranging in age from 27 days to 12 years (mean = 26 months) and in weight from 3.7 to 26 kg (mean = 9.6 Kg). Twenty-one infants had undergone previous palliative procedures. The degree of LVOTO was mild in 26 cases, moderate in 10 and severe in 17 patients. In 28 cases no distinct anatomical obstructions were identified. In the other 25 patients the obstruction occurred at various level and it was determined by several anatomical structures. Subvalvular fibromuscular narrowing, redundant mitral valve, valvular stenosis and subvalvular fibrous shelf were the commonest forms encountered. The LVOTO was managed in several different ways. In 28 patients in whom the gradient was judged to be functional, no surgical intervention at the level of the LVOT was attempted. In 8 cases, all operated on at the beginning of this experience, an anatomic obstruction was present but was considered too difficult to be resected and, therefore, was left untreated. In 9 patients the LVOT was inspected either through the pulmonary valve or from below, through a left ventriculotomy. Pulmonary valvotomy was carried out in 5 of these cases, resection of the subvalvular fibrous shelf in 3 and subvalvular fibromuscular tunnel resection in 1. In 6 patients a left ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit was used to bypass the obstruction. A fibromuscular tunnel type of obstruction was present in 5 of these cases, while in one the obstruction was mainly due to a redundant mitral valve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662310 TI - [Mental stress in the functional evaluation of recent myocardial infarct: hemodynamic aspects]. AB - Stress is thought to be a coronary risk factor. The main aim of this study is the quantitative analysis of the psychophysiological and cardiovascular activation induced by mental stress in patients (pts) with recent myocardial infarction (Ml). Twenty one pts with recent Ml, after psychological assessment, underwent two consecutive stressors in random sequence: mental arithmetic and Sacks test, during ECG and right heart hemodynamic monitoring. During both stressors there were significant variations (p less than 0.01) of heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic (dAP) arterial pressures, rate-pressure product (RPP), right atrial pressure (RAP), pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure (PAEDP), whereas no significant variations in cardiac output could be measured by thermodilution. Of particular interest was the remarkable increase in PAEDP: from 14 +/- 4 (mean +/- SD) to 21 +/- 6 mmHg during mental arithmetic, and from 15 +/- 6, to 20 +/- 6 mmHg during the Sacks test. Mental arithmetic elicited a greater cardiovascular activation than the Sacks test; the differences between the stressors in HR, dPAP, RAP (p less than 0.05) and RPP (p less than 0.01) were all significant. Mental stress in recent Ml challenges the cardiovascular system in measurable quantity, with remarkable increments of left ventricular filling pressure. Its use is suggested for the functional evaluation of pts with recent Ml, although in such setting mental stress seems to be of little value in revealing ischemia and arrhythmias. PMID- 6662311 TI - [Hypotensive response to the exercise test after recent myocardial infarct: prognostic implications]. AB - The incidence and the prognostic value of exertional hypotension was studied in 488 consecutive patients admitted to the Montescano Rehabilitation Center after acute myocardial infarction. During a symptom-limited bicycle ergometric test performed 28 to 60 days after acute myocardial infarction 33 patients (6.8%) showed exertional hypotension. These patients were grouped according to effort S T segment modifications: Group A (n = 13) with S-T segment depression in ECG leads without Q waves; Group B (n = 11) with S-T segment elevation in leads where Q waves were present; Group C (n = 9) with no exercise S-T changes. Group B patients had a larger infarct size by ECG criteria and a lower maximal work capacity at the functional stress test. The follow-up of the patients after discharge was 28.3 +/- 13.2 months. During rehabilitation and follow-up, 2 patients of Group B died and 5 suffered an acute pulmonary oedema; 3 patients of Group A and 1 of Group B had angina at rest. Group C patients had no complications. Thus, exertional hypotension and S-T elevation appear to be predictive of future cardiac event. PMID- 6662313 TI - [Citation Index]. PMID- 6662312 TI - [Increased digitalis-like activity in combined administration of calcium antagonists and digitalis preparations]. AB - It is well recognized that the co-administration of some drugs to persons receiving digoxin results in an increase of serum digoxin levels: it occasionally precipitates digoxin toxicity. There are some possible mechanisms by which different drugs may increase serum glycoside levels: 1) by displacing digoxin from tissue binding sites, 2) by decreasing digoxin renal excretion, 3) by enhancing digoxin absorption, 4) by increasing the inhibition of the ATP dependent pump. Combined administration of calcium antagonists and B methyldigoxin is common in patients with heart diseases. Other Authors have found that the co-administration of these drugs with digoxin increases glycoside serum levels, without signs of intoxication. We have examined the effects of this combination on digitalis activity, by Rubidium 86 uptake in erythrocytes. Thirty patients aged 52 to 66 with congestive heart failure were studied. All of these had normal serum creatinine, blood urea and serum protein levels. These subjects received 0,20 mg of B-methyldigoxin daily for nine days; afterwards, ten of them were given in addition 320 mg of verapamil for seven days; the other ten received in addition 60 mg of nifedipine, for seven days; the remaining ten patients received in addition 320 mg of verapamil and 60 mg of nifedipine together, for seven days. Digoxin activity was measured on the eighth, ninth and sixteenth day of treatment by Rubidium 86 uptake in erythrocytes. The technique was that of Bertler. Means were compared with the t test, with the assumption of the equal variances in the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662314 TI - [Left atrial myxoma and calcified aortic stenosis in a patient with syncope]. AB - A 59-year-old man who suffered several episodes of syncope had both calcific aortic stenosis and a left atrial myxoma. As syncope occurred during effort, rather than after postural changes, we believe that the symptom was caused by aortic stenosis. In fact the myxoma was only mildly obstructive both by haemodynamic measurements and at visual inspection at surgery. PMID- 6662315 TI - [Aortic pseudo-valvular image with diastolic eccentricity of the semilunaris. A specific sign of aortic dissection?]. AB - M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms were obtained in a patient with aortic dissection (De Bakey type 1). The M-mode echocardiogram showed an image resembling to an aortic valve with a left coronary cusp and eccentric diastolic echoes. The M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms recorded at a more distal level showed that this image was produced by the systo-diastolic movements of the torn intima. Such an echocardiographic finding should suggest the presence of an aortic dissection. PMID- 6662316 TI - [ST segment alternams in myocardial infarct: apropos of a case]. AB - Alternans of the ST segment is frequent in Prinzmetal's angina and is referred to a dyshomogeneity of myocardial refractoriness during ischemia. Reports of this phenomenon in myocardial infarction are, on the contrary, extremely rare. A case of alternans of the ST segment in a man with myocardial infarction is described. Based on the previous experimental reports, the hypothesis is advanced that delayed and blocked electrical activity of the ischemic area may be responsible for the event observed. This phenomenon is probably not infrequent in myocardial infarction. PMID- 6662317 TI - [Determination of mutagenic and genotoxic activity of the antibiotic distamycin A]. PMID- 6662318 TI - [Inhibitory and bactericidal activity of the serum of rabbits treated with four different cephalosporins]. PMID- 6662319 TI - [Therapeutic activity and tolerability of ceftezole in respiratory tract infections]. PMID- 6662321 TI - [Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Considerations on 5-fluorocytosine therapy]. PMID- 6662320 TI - [Clinical activity of sulbenicillin in acute and chronic respiratory tract infections]. PMID- 6662322 TI - [Crohn disease. Results of surgical treatment]. AB - The aim of this study was to describe and to analyze the results of surgery for Crohn's disease in a retrospective series of 155 operations performed in 124 patients from 1949 to 1981 by the same surgical team. Indications for surgical treatment were as follows: acute complications (25 p. 100), intestinal obstruction (35 p. 100), systemic inflammatory manifestations (40 p. 100). Three patients died postoperatively and complications necessitated a reintervention in 10 other subjects. Surgical indications and late postoperative prognosis were significantly different in patients with right-sided bowel lesions (i. e. terminal ileitis, ileocolitis of the ascending colon) and in those with left colonic involvement (i.e. colitis of the whole or descending colon, rectitis and anoperineal lesions). Surgery was required because of failure of medical treatment in 73 p. 100 of Crohn's disease affecting the left colon and in 17 p. 100 of the right-sided lesions (p less than 0.001). After resection a recurrence rate after 1 year and 3 years of respectively 50 and 62 p. 100 was observed in the left colonic disease group and in 5 and 23 p. 100 of the cases respecting the left colon. Finally 31 reoperations were necessary; no surgical mortality occurred in 12 patients with right-sided lesions whereas 5 among 19 patients with involvement of the left colon died postoperatively. These results: a) confirm the high postoperative rate of recurrence (or relapse) after surgical bowel resection for Crohn's disease (especially when the left colon is affected), b) emphasize the need for the surgeon to be very cautious when determining the extent of resection. PMID- 6662323 TI - [Pectins. Present state of knowledge]. PMID- 6662324 TI - [Pericholangitis in an adult treated with clometacin]. PMID- 6662327 TI - [Solid and papillary epithelial tumor of the pancreas in a young woman]. PMID- 6662326 TI - [Granulous cell tumors of the esophagus. Apropos of 6 recent cases]. PMID- 6662325 TI - [A very rare cause of intrahepatic calcification: polycystic liver]. PMID- 6662328 TI - [Craniopharyngioma associated with rectocolonic polyposis: Turcot's syndrome?]. PMID- 6662329 TI - [Colonic adenomatous necrotic polyps and subacute bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 6662330 TI - [Fortuitous echographic discovery of focal lesions of the liver]. PMID- 6662331 TI - [Acute alcoholic hepatitis and death of cirrhotic patients]. AB - Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) seems to be less frequent and to play a lesser role in the death of cirrhotic patients than previously acknowledged. The purpose of this work was: 1) to study the cause of death of cirrhotic patients 2) to determine the prevalence of AH among these patients and 3) to describe the clinical and laboratory features of cirrhotic patients with AH. The data were collected from a series of 107 necropsies in cirrhotic patients without hepatocellular carcinoma. The statistical analyses were carried out with an IRIS 80 computer. Severe liver failure with jaundice and encephalopathy, hemorrhage and uncontrolled infection with septic shock represented 84 p. 100 of the causes of death in patients with cirrhosis. Seventy-nine out of 107 patients (74 p. 100) had no AH (group 1), and 28 (26 p. 100) had AH (group 2): AH was mild in 15 cases and severe in 13 cases. All patients with AH died from a complication directly related to their liver disease while 21.5 p. 100 of patients without AH died from a complication not related to cirrhosis. The clinical and laboratory features of the patients without AH and cirrhosis differed from those of patients without AH by: a more frequent presence of fever (p less than 0.01), the absence of important weight loss (p less than 0.001), the total absence of abstinence (p less than 0.05), a higher value of ASAT/ALAT ratio, of serum levels of total bilirubin (p less than 0.01) and conjugated bilirubin (p less than 0.05), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (p less than 0.001) and total cholesterol (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662332 TI - [Incomplete dissolution of calculi. Calcification, cholecystectomy, after treatment of biliary lithiasis with chenodeoxycholic acid]. AB - Among 54 patients with radiolucent asymptomatic gallstones treated by chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), 32 failures were observed. In 15 cases the size of gallstones did not change. In 11 cases the size of gallstones decreased but dissolution was not complete. In 6 cases the treatment had to be interrupted early because of the side-effects. In 10 patients (8.7 p. 100 of the treated patients) calcifications of gallstones occurred. In 9 patients (16.7 p. 100), a cholecystectomy had to be performed because of complications. The incidence of biliary complications necessitating cholecystectomy was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in patients in whom CDCA failed to induce changes in gallstone size than in patients in whom CDCA was successful. Overall, a decrease of gallstones size was observed in 61 p. 100 of the 54 treated patients. However complete dissolution occurred in only two thirds of these patients. Patients in whom gallstone size decreased seldom presented with a biliary complication. Our data suggest that, when no obvious diminution of gallstones size is evident within six months of treatment, it is not advisable to continue the administration of CDCA. In case of failure, the responsibility of CDCA in the appearance of calcifications or even of complications necessitating cholecystectomy has to be discussed. PMID- 6662333 TI - [Gastroenterology, science and humanism]. PMID- 6662334 TI - [Prospective study of the clinical signs, diet, and radiologic changes of the small intestine and the colon in 106 patients with functional intestinal disorders]. AB - A prospective statistical study of clinical symptoms, radiological modifications of the colon and small bowel as judged by a morphometric method and dietary habits was performed in 106 patients who presented with functional intestinal disorders. Four different associations of symptoms and signs were found: a) pain, sometimes heavy, in the left upper quadrant and the ombilical region was associated with morphometric modifications of the small bowel: increased diameter of the upper part, decreased diameter and increased number of folds in the lower part of ileum; b) slight pain of the two upper quadrants and the two flanks was associated with flatulence, and was not correlated with modifications of the radiological aspect of the small bowel and colon; c) constipation and diarrhea were not correlated with any type of morphometric modifications of the colon; d) constipation was significantly correlated with low fiber diet. PMID- 6662335 TI - [Megakaryocyte and thrombocyte changes in various stages of acute leukemia]. PMID- 6662336 TI - [Function of the hemostatic system in craniocerebral injury in children]. PMID- 6662337 TI - [Enzymatic links in the system regulating the blood aggregation status of healthy persons in various age groups]. PMID- 6662338 TI - [Effect of ascorbic acid on hemolysis induced in vitro by primaquine]. PMID- 6662339 TI - Intracellular localization of the calcium antagonist propyl-methylenedioxyindene in cardiac tissue. AB - Propyl-methylenedioxyindene (pr-MDI) is a coronary dilating and antiarrhythmic calcium antagonist with an intracellular site of action in cardiac tissue, probably involving inhibition of calcium mobilization from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and preservation of mitochondrial structural and functional integrity. Perfusion of isolated guinea-pig hearts with [14C]pr-MDI resulted in negative inotropism, with the time-course of this effect paralleling the uptake of the drug in the whole heart and the time-course of its accumulation in atrial and ventricular tissue. Tissue-to-medium ratios of pr-MDI for both atria and ventricles were high, and washout of the drug from the heart was biexponential. Pr-MDI associated poorly with a cardiac subcellular fraction exhibiting the highest specific activity of sarcolemmal marker enzyme. The highest specific activity of pr-MDI occurred in the cardiac mitochondrial fraction and in a fraction enriched with a putative sarcoplasmic reticular marker, and the accumulation of drug in these fractions was temporally correlated with its negative inotropic action. The results support an intracellular site of action of pr-MDI in cardiac tissue. PMID- 6662340 TI - Comparison of the analgesic actions of THIP and morphine. AB - The antinociceptive actions of intraperitoneally-administered 4,5,6,7 tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol (THIP) and morphine were compared using three strains of mice. With the hot-plate assay, ED50 values for the action of THIP were about 4 mg/kg in OF1, CD1 and NMRI strains, whereas ED50 values for morphine varied among strains, being 6.8 mg/kg for OF1, 16.9 mg/kg for CD1, and about 29 mg/kg for NMRI mice; thus, the genetic control of the analgesic action of THIP appears to differ from that of morphine. The analgesic action of THIP in the hot-plate test was not blocked by naloxone, bicuculline, phentolamine or methysergide, but was partially reversed by a high dose of atropine, indicating that classic opiate-receptors, bicuculline-sensitive GABA-receptors, alpha adrenoceptors and serotonin-receptors do not appear to mediate the action of THIP but that cholinergic receptors might be indirectly involved. THIP was about equipotent or more potent than morphine in the phenylbenzoquinone writhing test, evasion test, and traction test. Since the ED50 values for THIP in OF1 mice were similar for hot-plate, evasion and traction tests, the analgesic action of THIP might not be readily dissociated from its sedative or myorelaxant action. PMID- 6662341 TI - Influence of formamidines on biogenic amine levels in rat brain and plasma. AB - Biogenic amine levels in samples of whole brain and plasma following treatment of rats with chlordimeform (CDF), its two N-demethyl metabolites (DMC and DDC), p chloroamphetamine (PCA), and harmaline were separated by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence or electrochemical detection systems. At 1 hr following s.c. injection, CDF (200 mg/kg) caused a reduction in levels of norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and tyramine (TRM), an increase in dopamine (DA), and no change in levels of beta-phenethylamine (PEA) in samples of whole rat brain, whereas DMC (100 mg/kg) and DDC (25 mg/kg) effected reductions of brain levels of NE, 5-HT, TRM, and PEA with no change in DA. The effect of DMC (100 mg/kg) on NE and DA levels in brain was followed periodically for 24 hr. Following a significant decrease at 1 hr, NE levels increased to a maximum at 12 hr and remained higher than controls throughout the remainder of the 24 hr test period. DA levels increased during the initial 12 hr and remained significantly higher than controls for the remaining 12 hr. The influence of s.c. vs i.p. administration of DMC (100 mg/kg) on brain amine levels was examined. Intraperitoneal treatment generally resulted in lower amine levels in DMC and vehicle treated animals. Differences in treatment effects were similar for all amines except for 5-HT in which s.c. injection produced a slight reduction, while i.p. injection resulted in a two-fold increase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662343 TI - In search of mediators of skin vasodilation induced by transcutaneous nerve stimulation: II. Serotonin implicated. AB - Previous studies have shown that brain serotonin is increased and noradrenaline decreased in acupuncture and transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS). Increases in available brain serotonin and decreases in noradrenaline enhance pain suppression. The present study tests the possibility that the widespread and prolonged cutaneous vasodilation which can be produced by low-frequency TNS in patients with peripheral circulatory insufficiency is similarly dependent on a central serotonergic pathway leading to sympatho-inhibition. The serotonin receptor antagonist cyproheptadine was given to 4 patients with either Raynaud's phenomenon or diabetic polyneuropathy, who all prior to drug administration responded to TNS with marked and prolonged cutaneous vasodilation in the ischaemic limbs. Cyproheptadine almost completely blocked the vascular response. Contrary to endorphin-serotonin mediated pain inhibition, vasoconstrictor inhibition is not antagonized by conventional, low doses of naloxone (Kaada, 1982a). However, the involvement of more naloxone-resistant opioid receptors in the vascular response cannot be excluded. PMID- 6662342 TI - Involvement of GABA in the antinociceptive effect of gamma-acetylenic GABA (GAG), an inhibitor of GABA-transaminase. AB - The role of both novel GABAB and classical GABAA receptors in GAG-induced anti nociception was investigated using the tail flick and hot plate tests. To this end, manipulations known to increase baclofen-induced antinociception (GABAB) and the receptor antagonist bicuculline (GABAA) were used. Of the modifiers of monoamine function tested, only chlorpromazine and haloperidol significantly increased GAG-induced antinociception. Theophylline antagonized antinociception produced by both GAG and GVG. Bicuculline did not antagonize antinociception produced by either GAG or muscimol. GAG-induced antinociception does not appear to result from the activation of either classical or novel GABA receptors. An interaction with dopaminergic pathways appears to be involved. PMID- 6662344 TI - Dissociation of calcium- and barium-induced contractions of the rat duodenum smooth muscle. AB - The contractile responses elicited by calcium (Ca) and barium (Ba) upon the isolated rat duodenum immersed in a Ca-free Tyrode solution are not nervously mediated and are differently affected by epinephrine (E), cocaine (C) and verapamil (V). E antagonizes Ca but not Ba while C inhibits only Ba. The antagonism of V is greater towards Ba than Ca. The different influence of the drugs disappear in the excess potassium-depolarized duodenum. Thus, C and V block equally Ca and Ba, while E is only slightly effective against the two cations. PMID- 6662345 TI - Effects of acute and short-term treatment with antihypertensive drugs in sinoaortic denervated rats. AB - Sinoaortic denervation (SAD) produced a marked increase of the systolic blood pressure (SBP). Clonidine (50 micrograms kg-1, i.p.) reduced SBP in SAD but not in sham rats. L-alpha-methyldopa (alpha-MD) (50 mg kg-1, i.p.) also induced a more effective hypotensive action in SAD than sham rats. The withdrawal of alpha MD in SAD rats after the first treatment was not abrupt and the hypotension persisted for several days, but after the second treatment the withdrawal induced a rapid rebound hypertension. Our results suggest that SAD increases the response to the hypotensive agents. An alteration in the availability of alpha-MD to accumulate or synthesize the active metabolites was also observed after second treatment. PMID- 6662347 TI - Relationship between the fluidity of the membrane lipids and the activity of the membrane-bound proteins: the effects of lidocaine on the adenylate cyclase activity of rat myocardium. AB - The lidocaine effects on the basal adenylate cyclase activity of the studied membranes depend on the substrate concentration: the drug has an inhibiting effect on non-saturating ATP concentrations, but displays a stimulating effect on the saturating ones. In the presence of maximally stimulating NaF concentrations, lidocaine further stimulates the adenylate cyclase activity through all the ATP concentrations used. In the presence of ATP saturating concentrations, the adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by various Gpp(NH)p concentrations, is inhibited in the presence of lidocaine as well as the enzymic activity stimulated by several l-isoproterenol concentrations in the presence of a fixed Gpp(NH)p concentration. PMID- 6662346 TI - Mechanisms involved in the blocking effects of pimozide on smooth muscle contraction. AB - Pimozide, a dopamine-receptor antagonist, shifted to the right the concentration response curves (CRC) induced by (-)-noradrenaline in the isolated posterior mesenteric artery of the cat. Since this antagonism could be related to a blockade of vascular alpha-adrenoceptors, we compared the effects of pimozide (0.20 microM) with those of phentolamine (0.31 microM). The onset of the blockade by pimozide on the (-)-noradrenaline-induced contractions was slower when compared with that of phentolamine. In addition, the effects of pimozide did not reverse by washing while those of phentolamine did. Pimozide but not phentolamine inhibited the contractions elicited by potassium and it decreased the maximum responses of the curves. This effect was partially reversed by CaCl2 10.2 mM. Pimozide displaced the CRC induced by CaCl2 to a greater extent than phentolamine. Even if a blocking effect on alpha-adrenoceptors cannot be discarded, our results suggest that pimozide may interfere with calcium in the arterial smooth muscle. Furthermore, vascular smooth muscle seems to be more sensitive than non-vascular tissue to the action of pimozide. PMID- 6662348 TI - Comparative effects of FR 34235, a new slow channel calcium blocker, and nifedipine on hemodynamics and myocardial oxygen consumption in the anesthetized dog. AB - Five doses of two dihydropyridine calcium antagonists, FR 34235 and nifedipine, were given intravenously to anesthetized dogs to determine effects on hemodynamics and myocardial oxygen balance. Both agents produced dose-related decreases in mean arterial blood pressure and tension time index with little effect on heart rate, dP/dt or myocardial contractile force except at high doses where small decreases were observed. Coronary blood flow increased markedly in the presence of both agents with a maximum increase observed at doses of 10 and 30 micrograms/kg for FR 34235 and nifedipine, respectively. Both compounds decreased myocardial oxygen extraction at all doses and reduced myocardial oxygen consumption at higher doses. These results indicate that FR 34235, a new slow channel calcium blocker, is a potent coronary vasodilator. In addition, this compound possesses oxygen-sparing activity at higher doses. PMID- 6662349 TI - Some characteristics of acute inflammation induced by econazole. AB - Aqueous suspension of econazole nitrate injected into subplantar region of rat foot induces a sharp and long-lasting inflammation. The econazole-induced edema is characterized by the existence of two phases of accelerated evolution, with peak values at 2nd and 12th hr after injection. Only the second phase of econazole-induced edema is selectively inhibited by either steroidal or non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6662350 TI - Some further data on the effects of two organophosphate pesticides on the oxidative metabolism in the liver. AB - Sumithion is the most active cholinesterase inhibitor. The cholinesterase inhibiting action of the organophosphates (OPs) is better compensated by vitamin E in normal animals, but by vitamin A in vitamin A-deficient animals. The lipid peroxidation (LP) is enhanced by the antioxidant vitamins in the liver of normal rats; although they decrease it in the liver of vitamin A-deficient animals, in no case do they prevent the LP-enhancing effect of the OPs examined. The OPs examined inhibit protein synthesis in the liver of vitamin A-deficient animals. PMID- 6662351 TI - Metabolism of carbohydrate in vitro of the submandibular salivary glands (SMG) from mice injected with isoproterenol. AB - The effect of a single dose of isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic drug, on the metabolism of carbohydrate in vitro of SMG from mice was studied. At the end of 30 and 60 min of incubation the slices of SMG from the experimental groups, sacrificed from 2 to 18 hr after injection of IPR, presented higher glucose uptake. At the end of 60 min of incubation slices of SMG from mice injected with IPR and sacrificed from 2 to 28 hr after the stimulation, formed quantitatively more lactate. After the incubation periods in the presence of glucose, glycogen content was higher for the SMG from the experimental groups. PMID- 6662352 TI - Medication noncompliance: systematic approaches to evaluation and intervention. AB - Medication noncompliance is a significant problem in medical practice, but many intervention strategies developed for noncompliant patients (such as tangible rewards, contingency contracting) are not practical for the large numbers of patients seen by private practitioners on an ongoing basis. Based upon a review of the literature concerning the key determinants affecting compliance, the authors have developed a practical, rational, and systematic approach to assessing medication compliance that may serve as a guide for psychiatrists in formulating consultation recommendations, in liaison teaching activities, and in clinical psychiatric practice. Special emphasis is placed upon the identification of psychiatric syndromes that may negatively affect compliance. Implications for compliance-related research in consultation-liaison psychiatry are also discussed. PMID- 6662353 TI - The psychiatric clinical specialist's impact on psychiatric emergency services. AB - Psychiatric emergency services have evolved into more comprehensive programs during the past two decades. With this evolution other disciplines have gained access to the services and integrated their expertise and philosophy into the daily care of patients. Nursing has been an integral part of this process and contributed its perspective in nursing care. This paper outlines the development of psychiatric emergency services with a special emphasis on the contribution of nursing specialists who have developed their role within the psychiatric emergency service. What has been unique about the nursing contribution is the attention to individualizing patient care and modifying treatment approaches to meet the patients' needs and interests in psychiatric treatment. Additionally, nursing has complemented the physician's role by developing expertise in assessment that is both psychologically and biologically oriented. Nursing's future contribution to psychiatric emergency services should address mechanisms for tracking patients who enter the psychiatric emergency service system with an emphasis on linkage with other programs or resolution of the crisis episode. PMID- 6662354 TI - Teaching psychiatry to non-psychiatrists: I. The application of educational methodology. AB - It is becoming increasingly clear that psychiatric and psychosocial needs of medical patients are not being adequately met. This need has led to an increasing emphasis on the psychiatric education of nonpsychiatrists, at varying levels of experience. Given the many problems involved in these educational efforts as well as the paucity of evaluation studies and the uncertainty of results, the authors argue that the systematic application of empirically validated educational principles may lead to greatly improved effectiveness. In this first section of a two-part series, the authors review educational methodology as it relates to the development of training objectives, the selection of teaching procedures, and the use of evaluation techniques. Part two presents a detailed "model" curriculum for primary care residents, developed according to the principles of educational methodology. PMID- 6662355 TI - Interruption of recurrent ventricular fibrillation by psychiatric intervention. AB - A 32-year-old man with a recent myocardial infarction had recurrent episodes of cardiac arrest that resisted medical management until he was interviewed by a psychiatrist. During the interview he shared his terror and associated to an episode during adolescence when he stole a car and was shot in the chest. After the interview he slept for the first time in three days, and subsequently had no further incidence of cardiac arrest. The case illustrates the potentially life saving role of psychiatric intervention in reducing sympathetic tone in patients with cardiac instability. PMID- 6662356 TI - The relevance of a staff-oriented approach in consultation psychiatry: a preliminary study. AB - According to the literature, a patient-staff conflict or intra-staff conflict is often the hidden reason for requesting a psychiatric consultation. This study is specifically directed at determining the percentage of consultations in which such "staff problems" play a clinically relevant role. Indications of staff problems were found in one-third of 313 consultations investigated. These problems occurred significantly more frequently in patients admitted to surgical wards and in patients referred because of psychological disturbances related to their physical disorder, with a diagnosis of "transient situational disturbance" or "no psychiatric disorder". Consultants with relatively less experience diagnosed significantly more staff problems. In about half of the consultations with staff problems, a staff-oriented approach was applied. Lack of communication with the ward staff in question was the most frequent obstacle to applying such an approach. PMID- 6662357 TI - Hypnosis with medical/surgical patients. AB - The role of hypnosis as a tool in the treatment of problems commonly encountered among medical and surgical patients is examined. Hypnosis is defined as a change in state of mind far more akin to intense concentration than sleep. Diagnostic implications of differences in hypnotic responsivity are explored, and scales suitable for use in the clinic are examined. Uses of hypnosis in treating anxiety, pain, childbirth, psychosomatic symptoms, seizure disorders, neuromuscular dysfunction, and habits are described and evaluated. The phenomenon of hypnosis is presented as a means of exploring the mind-body relationship in a controlled fashion, providing information of diagnostic importance while at the same time allowing hypnotizable patients to intensify their concentration and interpersonal receptivity in the service of a therapeutic goal. PMID- 6662358 TI - Clusters of disaster: superstition and the physician. AB - Throughout history the belief in magic has existed in all cultures. This paper outlines the effects that some of these beliefs have on medical conditions and focuses on the magical belief that "things happen in threes." Case histories are given in illustration, and the use of "counter magic" is described in the treatment of the anxieties evoked by the superstition. PMID- 6662359 TI - Eating attitudes and behaviors of anorexia nervosa patients and their sisters. AB - Although the sisters of anorexia nervosa patients may have an increased risk for this disorder, there are no controlled studies of the eating patterns and attitudes of the normal sisters of anorexic patients. Twenty-one sister pairs (anorexics and their normal sisters) were interviewed and given the Eating Attitude Test (EAT) to compare their eating attitudes and behaviors. The mean scores on the EAT and its three subscales (measuring "Dieting," "Bulimia and Food Preoccupation," and "Oral Control") were significantly correlated with criterion group membership (p less than 0.0001). The normal sisters as a group did not demonstrate anorexic eating attitudes. However, two normal sisters did score in the anorexic range and are being followed prospectively. The EAT questionnaire could be used to screen vulnerable siblings of patients with anorexia nervosa for early signs of this disorder. PMID- 6662360 TI - Integrated psychiatric treatment of a dying patient. AB - The following case presents a 22-year-old woman with relapsing polychondritis and depression treated in liaison, consultation, and outpatient settings by one psychiatrist using a variety of techniques. The discussion focuses on the implications of the case for integrated medical model and psychotherapeutic care, and for technical aspects of the treatment of the dying patient. PMID- 6662361 TI - Psychological depression and cancer. PMID- 6662362 TI - Characterization and preliminary mapping of cauliflower mosaic virus transcripts. AB - Using Northern blot analysis we have studied the transcription of the CM4-184 Ga. strain of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) DNA. This analysis reveals that this CaMV strain, like the Cabb-BS and the Cabb B-JI strains, produces both a genomic length transcript and a 1900-nucleotide (nt) transcript during infection. In addition, we detect an 1800-nt PA+ transcript mapping primarily to the EcoRI-c region of the virus, and three apparent minor viral-specific PA + RNAs of 4900, 4500, and 4300 nt. We also report the presence of two small viral single-stranded DNAs produced during infection, and show that both DNAs are derived from the EcoRI-b region of the virus. PMID- 6662363 TI - The nucleotide sequence of a new human repetitive DNA consists of eight tandem repeats of 66 base pairs. AB - Three cloned human DNA fragments obtained from a fibroblast genomic DNA were sequenced and identified as containing members of the well-known 300-bp Alu family of interspersed, middle-repetitive DNA sequences. One of these cloned DNA fragments, p16, also contains members of a new repetitive DNA family, which repeats several thousand times in the human genome. Each member of the new 528-bp family consists of eight tandem repeats of a 66-bp sequence. An AluI recognition site is present at the same location in each repeat, and a 25-bp sequence occurs twice (as a tandem repeat) in each of the eight repeats. There is no sequence homology between the new 528-bp family and the 300-bp Alu family, and the new family lacks the flanking 7- to 20-bp direct repeats as well as the dAMP-rich sequences characteristic of the 300-bp Alu family. Construction of a putative evolutionary tree indicates that six duplication events are needed to give rise to the eight tandemly repeated 66-bp units in the new 528-bp family. PMID- 6662364 TI - Presence of mitochondrial-DNA-like sequences in the human nuclear DNA. AB - Two lambda phage clones carrying contiguous human nuclear DNA sequences with extensive homology to non-contiguous human mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA sequences were isolated from a human gene library. The one clone carried mitochondrial-DNA(mtDNA)-like sequences flanked with two kinds of repetitive nuclear DNA sequences and the other carried mtDNA-like sequences, between unique nuclear DNA sequences and repetitive DNA sequences of Alu-family. These results demonstrate that mtDNA-like sequences are present in human nuclear DNA. PMID- 6662365 TI - The use of a board game to simulate the experiences of old age. PMID- 6662366 TI - Elderly health advocacy group: an integrative planning model of elderly consumers and service deliverers. PMID- 6662367 TI - International symposium: the family as a source of support for the elderly. Introduction: cross-national reports on elder care in developed and developing countries. PMID- 6662368 TI - Three issues from the Israeli scene. PMID- 6662369 TI - Family care in Japan. PMID- 6662370 TI - The Chinese family and support of the elderly in Hong Kong. PMID- 6662371 TI - Family support for the elderly in Egypt. PMID- 6662372 TI - The Polish family tradition. PMID- 6662373 TI - Strain among caregivers: a study of experience in the United States. PMID- 6662374 TI - Caregivers who live with dependent elderly. PMID- 6662375 TI - A longitudinal study of family supports to impaired elderly. PMID- 6662376 TI - A comparison of helping behavior to elderly parents of adult children with intact and disrupted marriages. PMID- 6662377 TI - Racial and cohort variations in filial responsibility norms. PMID- 6662378 TI - Engaging families as support resources in nursing home care: ambiguity in the subdivision of tasks. PMID- 6662379 TI - Family caregivers of older adults: improving helping skills. PMID- 6662380 TI - Family support of the Australian aged: a comparison with the United States. PMID- 6662381 TI - Use of public services for the aged and the role of the family. PMID- 6662382 TI - [Vaginal or abdominal closure of vesicovaginal fistula?]. PMID- 6662383 TI - [Expert testimonial aspects in urologic gynecology]. PMID- 6662384 TI - [The acidified glyceral lysis test for hereditary spherocytosis and other anemias]. PMID- 6662385 TI - [Ritodrine for uncoordinated uterine activity]. PMID- 6662386 TI - [Cholecystectomy and colorectal cancer]. PMID- 6662387 TI - [Disturbances of micturition as the presenting symptom of malignancy of the external female genitalia]. PMID- 6662388 TI - [Treatment of priapism]. PMID- 6662389 TI - [Testicular yolk-sac tumor in childhood]. PMID- 6662391 TI - [Acute emphysematous cholecystitis]. PMID- 6662392 TI - [The complement and its interaction with leukocytes]. PMID- 6662390 TI - [Spontaneous perforation of the colon associated with hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6662393 TI - [The frontal syndrome diagnosis and treatment principles]. PMID- 6662394 TI - [On the teaching of rehabilitation medicine]. PMID- 6662396 TI - [Photoimmunology--clinical and laboratory aspects]. PMID- 6662395 TI - [Rubella in pregnancy--laboratory assistance]. PMID- 6662397 TI - [Antibiotic treatment--old and new]. PMID- 6662398 TI - Making cooperative living work for psychiatric outpatients. AB - In the wake of deinstitutionalization, the exploration of alternative placements and living arrangements in the community has come to the fore. After describing a program for cooperative apartment living for female psychiatric outpatients, this article assesses the program's economic cost and its benefits to clients and outlines the authors' recommendations concerning future efforts to develop cooperative living programs. PMID- 6662399 TI - Is there a future for social work in HMOs? AB - Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) are a popular form of health care delivery in many parts of the United States. To what extent are social workers an integral part of this health care delivery system? The authors present the findings of a study that surveyed the role of social workers in HMOs and conclude that if social workers are to have a future in this system, they must advocate for themselves professionally and politically. PMID- 6662400 TI - Coordination of services to methadone mothers and their addicted newborns. AB - Maternity social workers and workers in hospital methadone clinics often experience conflict about reporting child abuse and neglect. This article discusses how earlier and more aggressive reporting of child abuse and neglect can be accomplished if methadone clinics are integrated into social work departments of hospitals and include social workers on their staffs. PMID- 6662401 TI - Structured group treatment for sexually abused children. AB - The author provides a model for the group treatment of sexually abused children. Eight treatment themes and various techniques of intervention are presented, and the model's applications to other methods of treatment and groups of sexually abused clients are described. PMID- 6662402 TI - Incest and pelvic pain: the social worker as part of a research team. AB - This article suggests the valuable role a social worker can play as a researcher on a multidisciplinary team. In a study conducted by a gynecologist, a social worker, a psychiatrist, and a psychologist, women experiencing chronic pelvic pain were found to be profoundly affected by factors other than organic disease, such as traumatic early childhoods, psychopathology, and incest in a significant number of cases. PMID- 6662403 TI - Continual cultivation of Toxoplasma gondii on HeLa cells. AB - Continual cultivation of Toxoplasma gondii in monolayers of HeLa cells has been performed for 6 years. The toxoplasmas were then used for serial cultivation experiments. While searching for optimal conditions for toxoplasma inoculation it was found that infected HeLa cells which were scraped off the glass were a more suitable inoculum than those released by trypsinization. The optimal dose was one zoite per 12 host cells, medium level height at adsorption 2 mm and adsorption time 90 min at 37 degrees C. The concentration of sodium bicarbonate ranging from 8.7 to 26.1 mM had no effect on the multiplication of toxoplasmas. In serial passages in Roux bottles, when the medium was changed every 2-3 days, the average yield of toxoplasmas was 6.2 X 10(6) per ml of medium (after the second change of medium, i.e., 7 days after inoculation). The toxoplasmas obtained in serial passages were suitable for purification studies, for preparation of small amounts of antigens and as an inoculum for suspension cultures. PMID- 6662404 TI - Growth and transformation of Trypanosoma danilewskyi in a liquid medium. AB - The complex liquid medium L4NHS has proved suitable for obtaining trypomastigote rich suspensions of the fish parasite Trypanosoma danilewskyi. Growth of T. danilewskyi strains in the medium has been characterized in test tube cultures at 25 degrees C. The cultures with an initial cell density of 1 x 10(5) x ml01 grew exponentially for 3 days with an average generation time of 15 h 17 min (strain BD) and 14 h 25 min (strain BZ). Both strains remained in the stationary phase for another 7-10 days. Total growth amounted to 1.3-1.6 x 10(7) cells x ml-1. The trypanosomes in culture were polymorphic (epimastigotes, broad trypomastigotes, slender trypomastigotes). The succession of the epimastigote and trypomastigote stages was dependent on the growth phase. The trypomastigotes of the strain BD from 300 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 40 ml of medium. Suspensions of trypanosomes from these cultures proved to be useful antigenic substrate in a determination of anti-ds-DNA antibodies by the kinetoplast immunofluorescence assay. PMID- 6662406 TI - A survey of the results of studies on Gyrodactylus katharineri Malmberg, 1964 (Gyrodactylidae: Monogenea). AB - The hitherto obtained information on Gyrodactylus katharineri Malmberg, 1964 is summarized, concerning particularly its localization, host species spectrum and distribution in Eurasia. The morphogenesis and morphological-metrical variability of hard parts of opisthaptor are dealt with in detail. The pathogenicity of the parasite is stressed and methods for its control in fish-breeding farms are proposed. PMID- 6662407 TI - Gyrodactylus strelkovi sp.n. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae). A new fish parasite from the basin of the River Amur. PMID- 6662408 TI - Morphology of Cysticercus bovis during its development. AB - On day 14 p.i., C. bovis is a spherical formation without cavity (in neonatally infected calves, the cavity already starts to form). On day 21 p.i., a conical anlage of the scolex is formed and on day 23 p.i., it bears a conspicuous invagination of the tegument. On day 28 p.i., the scolex with spiral canal, sucker anlages and single calcareous bodies is developed. On day 42 p.i., the suckers are fully differentiated and the calcareous bodies in scolex parenchyma are distributed up to below the level of suckers. On day 55 p.i., the calcareous bodies are present in the morphologically differentiated scolex even below the suckers. The authors assume that at that time the larva is already infective and if its infectivity is assessed on the basis of morphological criteria, the presence, number and distribution of calcareous bodies should be considered. PMID- 6662405 TI - Choniagnium algericum sp. n. (Nematoda: Strongylidae) from the intestine of African elephant, Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1779). AB - Nematodes of the genus Choniagnium were found in African elephant (Loxodonta africana) from Algerian Zoological Garden. On the basis of studies in light and scanning electron microscope these nematodes were identified as a new species, Choniagnium algericum sp. n. PMID- 6662409 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the trematode Hasstilesia ovis. AB - The trematode Hasstilesia ovis parasitic in sheep was studied by scanning electron microscopy. A single type of sensory papillae was found on the surface of oral and ventral suckers and around the genital pore. The whole surface of body, except the oral and ventral suckers and vicinity of genital pore, is covered with spines. The mostly multipointed and rarely singlepointed spines are of variable size and distribution on different parts of body. They irritate mechanically the intestinal mucosa of the definitive host and thus increase the pathogenic effect of the trematode. PMID- 6662410 TI - Ancylostoma caninum: a report on the peripheral eosinophilia in naive and immunized Swiss albino mice. AB - The number of peripheral eosinophils was counted in female Swiss albino mice on 1, 4, 9, 16 and 30 days after infection with various single (500, 1000 and 2000) and weekly repeated (500 + + 500 + 1000, 1000 + 1000 and 1000 + 1000 + 2000) doses of filariform Ancylostoma caninum larvae. The eosinophil response was significantly higher in infected than in uninfected mice and reached a peak on day 16 in naive and day 4 and 9 in immunized mice. Immunized mice were significantly more eosinophilic than the naive mice. An attempt has been made to correlate eosinophilia with immunity of mice to A. caninum larvae. PMID- 6662411 TI - The effect of monoclonal antibodies on Schistosoma mansoni cercarial penetration of mouse skin. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MA) were prepared by the fusion of spleen cells from C57BL/6J mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni with non-secreting SP2 myeloma cells. Clones of fused cells secreting MA reactive with the egg and cercarial antigens (as determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), as well as with schistosomules (as determined by immunofluorescence), were injected into pristane "primed" mice to produce ascitic fluid. Cercariae were treated with MA by incubating them in individual MA or a pool of 3 or 4 MA (0.25 ml each) in form of ascitic fluid diluted in 10 ml of snail water for 60-90 minutes prior to snail exposure. Groups of 7-9 mice were exposed to MA-treated cercariae either via the tail or intraperitoneally (i.p.). Control mice were exposed to non-treated cercariae or those which were treated with nonsense ascitic fluid. Maturing adult worms were recovered by the perfusion technique and counted. The results of two experiments indicate that cercariae treated with a pool of 3 or 4 MA fail to penetrate the skin of mice and thus were not able to develop into adult worms. Treatment of cercariae with 1 MA resulted in a very low worm recovery (4.3% of the exposure dose). The rate of worm recovery from mice injected i.p. with pool treated cercariae was similar to that recovered from control mice. In contrast to control groups, mice injected with MA-treated cercariae had a higher percentage of immature worms which may indicate a possible form of stunting phenomenon associated with MA-treatment. PMID- 6662412 TI - Small mammals as reservoirs and transmitters of leptospires in livestock-breeding farms and their surroundings. AB - From 1976 to 1978, we examined 1723 wild small mammals, representing 15 species, from three animal production farms and their surroundings in the Trebon basin, south Bohemia, in order to detect antibodies against leptospirosis. Antibodies were found against the serovars grippotyphosa, sorex-jalna, sejroe and/or istrica. The serological positivity was higher in wet grassland stands and fields bordering fishponds. The dominant serovar was grippotyphosa against which antibodies were detected in 8 species of exoanthropic and synanthropic mammals. Owing to the wide ecological valence of the main natural reservoir of L. grippotyphosa--Microtus arvalis, this serovar was present even within the confines of the farms. M. arvalis, together with Apodemus sylvaticus, entering the farm buildings in the cold winter months, can introduce the serovar to the stables housing the farm animals. PMID- 6662414 TI - Occurrence of mosquitoes Culex pipiens molestus in Prague. PMID- 6662413 TI - New findings of mesostigmatic mites from rodents in the territory of Afghanistan. AB - A survey is given of mesostigmatic mites collected in Afghanistan from 7 species of rodents. From a total of 11 mite species identified Laelaps echidninus, L. nuttalli, Haemogamasus gyrinodes and Androlaelaps longipes were found in Afghanistan for the first time. PMID- 6662416 TI - [Correlation of biliary cholesterol, phospholipids and bile acid compositions and the development of cholesterol cholelithiasis in mice]. AB - A study was attempted to establish a screening method for detecting cholelitholytic ingredients from a wide variety of natural substances. Although mice were selected as a suitable pathological model of cholelithiasis to detect a small amount of the ingredients, all the conventional lithogenic diets caused unfavorable influence on the animals. Therefore, as the first step we formulated a new lithogenic diet consisting of butter, cholesterol, cholic acid, etc, which was adequate for mice. Subsequently, the pathological characteristics and persistence of cholelithiasis were examined in the animals; the changes in bile compositions including free and conjugated bile acids, cholesterol and phospholipids were observed before and at the onset of cholelithiasis. Following confirmation of the stone formation, a normal diet was substituted for the lithogenic diet to likewise assess the bile compositions 4 and 6 weeks later. An increasing tendency for deoxycholic acid, disappearance of chenodeoxycholic acid and decrease in ursodeoxycholic acid were seen under the condition of cholelithiasis. In addition, the cholic acid-glycine conjugate which should not exist in the normal state and the increase in free and tauring-conjugated cholic acid were noticed. The biliary cholesterol level in treated mice increased to about 4 times higher than that in untreated mice, while the biliary phospholipids and total bile acids levels increased to only about 1.5 and about 2 times the control levels, respectively. The incidence of stone formation rose sharply at an experimental period between 2 and 3 weeks after starting the lithogenic diet. Gallstones die not disappear even at the 6th week after substituting a normal diet for the lithogenic one. However, the cholic acid-glycine conjugate disappeared, and deoxycholic acid as well as chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid tended to recover to the normal levels in the bile. PMID- 6662417 TI - [Influence of a muscle relaxant, tizanidine, on gastric acid secretion and gastric ulcer in rats]. AB - Effects of tizanidine, a centrally acting muscle relaxant, on gastric acid secretion and gastric ulcers were studied in the rat. Tizanidine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) did not influence basal acid secretion, but inhibited the centrally stimulated acid secretion in anesthetized rats. Intraduodenal administration of tizanidine (10 mg/kg) also inhibited the centrally stimulated acid secretion. The compound potentiated bethanechol-induced acid secretion at 10 mg/kg, s.c. Clonidine was found to have similar effects to tizanidine at the lower dose. Both tizanidine and clonidine inhibited basal acid secretion at a relatively low dose in conscious rats. Tizanidine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) did not modify indomethacin- and stress-induced ulcers, but Shay ulcers were slightly inhibited by the drug. Indomethacin ulcers were significantly inhibited by 10 mg/kg, s.c., 10 mg/kg, p.o. or 20 mg/kg, p.o. of tizanidine. Clonidine also was found to be a strong inhibitory agent of indomethacin-, stress- and Shay-ulcers. These results suggest that similar to clonidine, a high dosage of tizanidine influences gastric acid secretion and gastric ulcers, although the activity is lower than that of clonidine. PMID- 6662415 TI - [Antihypertensive action of K in rats with DOCA-salt-induced hypertension]. AB - We investigated the role of renal sympathetic tone and central noradrenergic neurons in the mechanism for natriuretic and antihypertensive effects of potassium supplement in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Systolic blood pressure of DOCA-salt rats continued to rise during 4 weeks of DOCA-salt (1% NaCl) treatment. In contrast, 0.2% KCl or 1% KCl supplement attenuated the development of the hypertension dose-relatedly. One percent KCl supplement attenuated sodium retention and prevented the increased sodium space in DOCA-salt rats. Whereas norepinephrine turnover rate in the kidney of DOCA-salt rats after the 4-week treatment was markedly accelerated, it was normalized by 0.2% KCl or 1% KCl supplement. On the other hand, norepinephrine turnover rates in the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata of DOCA-salt rats were delayed, while they were restored by the KCl supplement. These results suggest that potassium supplement in DOCA-salt rats attenuated the development of the hypertension and that it may be attributed to the restoration of sodium retention and thereby volume expansion. It appears that the restoration of either the increased renal sympathetic tone or the decreased noradrenergic nerve activity in the brain-stem may be involved in the natriuretic and antihypertensive effects of potassium supplements in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. PMID- 6662420 TI - Fine structural and histochemical studies of the neural sheath of the thoracico abdominal ganglion of the housefly Musca domestica (Diptera--Insecta). PMID- 6662419 TI - [Development and characteristics of reverse tolerance to repeatedly administered morphine in mice manifested by enhanced motor activities]. AB - Characteristics of changes in ambulatory activity after repeated administration of morphine, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg s.c., were investigated in male mice of dd strain. The drug was administered 10 times at intervals of 1, 3-4 or 7 days, and the ambulatory activity of each mouse was measured by a tilting-type round activity cage with a 25 cm diameter for 180 min after each administration. Morphine, 5-20 mg/kg induced a dose-dependent increase in the ambulatory activity, and this effect attained to a peak at 60-90 min and persisted for 120-180 min after the administration. An augmentation of sensitivity (a reverse tolerance) to the ambulation-increasing effect of morphine was induced by the repeated administration of 10 and 20 mg/kg morphine, regardless of the intervals. The reverse tolerance achieved the maximum on the 5-6th administration day, and almost the same level of sensitivity was maintained until the 10th administration day. There was no significant difference in the activity counts at the peak time among the groups of mice varying the administration intervals. However, the persistence of increased ambulatory activity tended to be longer in the group of mice given morphine at intervals of 7 days than in the group given it at intervals of 1 day. The reverse tolerance, once produced, attenuated 2 months after the cessation of the repeated administration. However, the ambulatory activity counts did not return to those on the 1st administration day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662418 TI - [Behavioral and electroencephalographic study of 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1 H 1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4-(3H,5H)-dione (clobazam)]. AB - Behavioral and electroencephalographic effects of clobazam (CBZ), a 1, 5 benzodiazepine, were investigated in mice, rats and rabbits and compared with the effects of diazepam (DZP) and chlordiazepoxide (CDP). In EEG studies of rabbits, CBZ, DZP and CDP at doses of 2-10 mg/kg, i.v., caused a drowsy pattern, i.e., high voltage slow waves in the frontal cortex and the desynchronization of hippocampal theta wave. EEG arousal responses induced not only by auditory stimulation but also by electric stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation were inhibited by CBZ; CBZ was less potent than DZP, but more potent than CDP. On hypothalamic self-stimulation behavior of rats, low rate responses induced by low current brain stimulation, VI or DRL procedure were increased by oral administration of the three drugs. CBZ was less potent than DZP in the above respondings, but the same potency as CDP in VI or DRL responding and more potent in low rate responding induced by low current stimulation. The preventive effect of CBZ on MES convulsion in mice was less potent than DZP, but 2.5 times as potent as CDP. The preventive effect of CBZ was 1.3 times as potent as DZP and 2.5 times as potent as CDP. CBZ reduced the hyperemotionality of olfactory bulbectomized rats, and this effect was less than DZP in suppressing muricide. The muscle relaxant effect of CBZ in inclined screen and rotarod tests of mice was less than that of DZP. CBZ was 2.2 times as potent as CDP in potentiating thiopental sleep in mice, but less than DZP. These results indicate that CBZ is qualitatively similar to 1, 4 benzodiazepines, DZP and CDP, and is more potent than CDP, but less potent than DZP. PMID- 6662421 TI - Observations on the male reproductive system of the muricid gastropod Thais bufo (Lamarck). PMID- 6662423 TI - The neurosecretory system of the protocerebrum-corpus cardiacum complex of normal and starved adults of Schizodactylus monstrosus D. (Orthoptera: Schizodactylidae). PMID- 6662422 TI - Psoriasis before and after methotrexate (MXT) treatment: II. Localization of mitochondria and dehydrogenases. PMID- 6662424 TI - Development of Golgi tendon organs after de-efferentation. Differentiation of the non-nervous components. PMID- 6662425 TI - Morphological changes in guinea pig skin after irradiation. II. The regenerative phase. PMID- 6662426 TI - Quantitative evaluation of chromaffin cells in the autonomic ganglion of the cat. PMID- 6662427 TI - Ultrastructural changes induced by vinblastine in vitro in the cells of the inferior mesentric ganglion of the cat. PMID- 6662428 TI - Chromaffin cells in the autonomic ganglion. PMID- 6662430 TI - Ultrastructure of the development of simple sensory corpuscles in the planum nasale of the cat. PMID- 6662429 TI - The peripheral nerve - an experimental study. PMID- 6662431 TI - Comparison of the embryotoxicity of some glucocorticoids in chick embryos. PMID- 6662432 TI - Ultrastructure of the cellular elements of the "accessory" conduction system of the human embryonic and foetal heart. PMID- 6662433 TI - Differentiation of the "accessory" conduction system of the human heart. PMID- 6662434 TI - Changes in glial elements in the spinal cord of the hibernating bat. PMID- 6662435 TI - Changes of the rhinencephalic neurons in the hibernating hedgehog. PMID- 6662437 TI - Face and neck injuries due to resuscitation versus throttling. AB - Face and neck injuries of 21 patients who died of other causes than mechanic asphyxia and who were resuscitated in connection to dying were analyzed during a 3-year period, 1980-1982. The injuries were predominantly of the type nail impression marks (85%) and showed a regular symmetric distribution tending to form circles around the nostrils and mouth. Injuries inflicted upon mouth-to mouth ventilation were localized to the nose and at jaw-thrust to the mandibular margins and were easy to differ from those due to throttling. Injuries inflicted on the cheeks upon removal of vomit from the mouth were similar to those seen after violent oral occlusion and those occurring at carotid pulse palpation as indicated by throttling. No fractures of the laryngeal skeleton and no conjunctival haemorrhages were seen. PMID- 6662436 TI - Changes in the organelles of spinal cord cells of hibernating bats. PMID- 6662438 TI - Identification of 10-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid in adipocere. AB - Studies are reported on separation and identification of 10-hydroxy-12 octadecenoic acid in human adipocere. The chemical structure was determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). PMID- 6662439 TI - The importance of medico-legal autopsies. An analysis of the complex problems regarding damages. AB - One hundred forty-four medico-legal autopsies were performed at the University Institute of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen during the period 1973-77, all requested by the National Office of Social Security in order to estimate whether the cause of death could be related to the work of the deceased. The total number of medico-legal autopsies in the same period was 4050. The material included only four women. One hundred seventeen men died during work, 26 cases were accepted. Clear cases of accidents were always accepted and damages were paid. In cases where the deceased died on his way to or from work damages were rejected. Nineteen men (13%) had died after returning to their homes. Two cases among these were accepted (fall from scaffolding during working hours, arsenic poisoning where death occurred later in hospital). The mean age of the group was about 50 years, which is less than in an average medico-legal population. In all cases but two the autopsy revealed the cause of death, i.e. that unknown causes of death totalled 1.4%. The manner of death was elucidated in all cases. The most frequent cause of death in men turned out to be coronary sclerosis and coronary thrombosis. All such cases were rejected as being due to working conditions, because in no case was extraordinary working stress found to be evident. The two cases of death which occurred at home showed the importance of being aware of injuries due to working conditions, even if death could not be directly related to an industrial accident. PMID- 6662440 TI - Simple techniques to detect and identify phentermine adulteration. AB - Phentermine capsules labelled Ionamin were suspected of being counterfeit. Examination of the contents revealed no phentermine, but caffeine and phenylpropanolamine. The usual microcrystalline and spectrodensitometry was used to confirm results of spectrophotometric identity tests. PMID- 6662441 TI - Computer storage of toxicology methods and postmortem drug determinations. AB - Two data bases have been developed by toxicologists from the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in New Zealand. The data bases are designed to store and retrieve postmortem drug and poison levels (TOXFILE) and methods used in drug and poison determinations (TOXMETH). TOXFILE contains a list of all the analytical results determined in toxicological cases received by the three laboratories. This method of storing the data has been found superior to the previously used card systems. The file also contains a reference to the analytical method which is very important for the interpretation of the results. TOXMETH contains a list of the analytical methods which have been developed and are in use in one or more of the three Chemistry Division toxicology laboratories. Methods can be added, modified and superseded as approaches change. A Chemistry Division Report (Pannell, L.K. et al., Chemistry Division Report No. CD: 2195, 1983) has been published containing all the programs and instructions. Copies of this are available from the authors on request. Computer magnetic tapes of the programs, the report and the data are also available. The names of the deceased on the TOXFILE data file are encrypted to provide increased security of the information. The TOXFILE data file which will be supplied on magnetic tape to overseas laboratories will have the name file on all records changed to 'CD' to provide complete confidentiality. PMID- 6662442 TI - Fatal poisoning by 1,1,1-trichloroethane after prolonged survival. AB - A fatal case of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) poisoning, in which the patient survived, without recovering consciousness, for more than 3 years, is described. The brain showed symmetrical infarction of the lenticular nuclei and of the occipital cortex, changes which may have been the cause of neurological manifestations during life. The pattern of cerebral hypoxia was similar to, but not identical with that found in carbon monoxide poisoning, and might be specific for 1,1,1-trichloroethane poisoning. PMID- 6662443 TI - Toxicological findings in a multi-drug death involving propoxyphene, caffeine, phenacetin, acetaminophen and salicylate. AB - The toxicological findings of a multi-drug related fatal poisoning are described here. A 35-year-old Caucasian male found dead on the kitchen floor was a known user of abused drugs and had been taking aspirin alone or in combination with phenacetin and caffeine for the relief of joint pains. The gross examination of the organs at autopsy revealed slight grooving of the uncus and various stages of necrosis in the renal papillae. Histological examination confirmed the gross appearance of pulmonary congestion and edema, cerebral edema and interstitial nephritis of the tubules. Toxicological evaluation of the blood and urine samples disclosed the presence of propoxyphene (51 and 250 mg/l), salicylate (185 and 2750 mg/l), caffeine (16 and 37 mg/l), and phenacetin (9.6 and 20 mg/l). Furthermore, acetaminophen also was present in the plasma (54 mg/l) and urine. A gas liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous analysis of phenacetin and caffeine utilizing a nitrogen phosphorus detector was proposed. PMID- 6662445 TI - Standardized paternity index. PMID- 6662444 TI - A multi-chemical death involving caffeine, nicotine and malathion. AB - Death of a 21-year-old man who was found in a shower stall in his residence is described in the study. At the scene, a 3/4 filled blue glass bottle labeled "Black Leaf 40" (an insecticide containing nicotine), a white plastic pitcher 1/3 full of thick white fluid, a beer mug 1/4 full of thick white fluid, and an empty carton of milk were found. In addition, a can of malathion and an empty bottle labeled caffeine also were found in the vicinity. Autopsy was performed, and the gross examinations of organs revealed no specific findings to account for the death. However, marked congestion in lung, liver, spleen and kidney were noted at microscopic level. Autolytic degenerative changes were also observed in stomach, small bowel and colon. Toxicological analyses of the autopsy samples (blood, urine, liver and gastric contents) revealed the presence of caffeine and nicotine in each sample. Malathion was found to be present only in gastric content. Caffeine and nicotine were analyzed by utilizing gas liquid chromatography nitrogen phosphorus detector, while malathion was by gas liquid chromatography flame photometric detector. Analyses of the fluids from the bottle, pitcher and mug disclosed the presence of nicotine in the concentrations of 17.8%, 3.7% and 5.7% (w/w), respectively. The fluids from the pitcher and mug also contained 2.7 2.9% malathion. Results conclude the death was associated with caffeine, nicotine and malathion. PMID- 6662446 TI - Firearms fatalities in Denmark 1970-1979. AB - In the 10-year period from 1970 to 1979 933 firearm fatalities occurred in Denmark which represent an increase of 45% during a little more than 10 years. Eighty-eight per cent were suicides, 8% homicides, and 4% accidents. Accidental shootings have decreased from 8% to 4% and the fall seems to be a result of fewer accidents in connection with hunting, probably due to a more restrictive legislation about hunting. An increasing share of the total number of deaths, now responsible for 57% of the fatalities, are by shotgun. There has been a remarkable increase in the use of sawn-off long barreled weapons. Still considering the marked increase of firearm fatalities, fatal shootings are of very limited importance in Denmark, especially homicidal shootings of which there are 2-3 per year. Shotguns are at the present time the only procurable dangerous weapons which have led to an increased share of the total firearm fatalities. Restrictions in the use of shotguns during hunting seem to have had positive effects on the reduction of hunting accidents. As mentioned above, the most valuable method of bringing the firearm fatalities under further control seems to be increased control over the procurement and possession of shotguns. PMID- 6662447 TI - [Round table discussion: Treatment of uveal melanoma]. PMID- 6662448 TI - [Round table discussion: Quality control in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6662449 TI - [Approaches to operative quality control in cataract surgery]. PMID- 6662450 TI - [Ophthalmological and histopathological findings in maple syrup disease]. PMID- 6662451 TI - [Rhinosporidiosis]. PMID- 6662452 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of recurrent erosion of the cornea: a scanning and transmission electron microscope study]. PMID- 6662453 TI - [Hydrostatic permeability of the endothelium and descemet's membrane. Experimental study on the rabbit eye]. PMID- 6662454 TI - [The role of standardized echography in the diagnosis and treatment of orbital myositis]. PMID- 6662455 TI - [Photodocumentation with the Equator-Plus camera]. PMID- 6662456 TI - Visual evoked potentials (flash) in diabetics prior to vitrectomy. PMID- 6662457 TI - [The importance of depth perception in work-places and in road traffic]. PMID- 6662458 TI - [Transposition of the whole superior rectus muscle and the inferior rectus muscle in abducens paralysis]. PMID- 6662459 TI - [Biplexiform ganglion cells of the primate retina with direct contact with photoreceptors]. PMID- 6662460 TI - [Saccades and dissociated gaze-evoked nystagmus in monocular recordings in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6662461 TI - [Computed tomography diagnosis of lesions of the anterior visual pathway]. PMID- 6662462 TI - [Determination of the true size of the papilla in patients. (contribution to the diagnosis of micropapilla)]. PMID- 6662463 TI - [Treatment of severe pruritus in dialysis patients with selective UV-phototherapy (SUP)]. AB - The beneficial effect of ultraviolet phototherapy (SUP) on uremic pruritus was studied. 16 patients were treated. 14 patients improved after a course of five to 24 UVB exposures. The very small total dose of 2,11 J/cm2 proved effective in the majority of treated patients. PMID- 6662464 TI - [Breast-feeding in the clinic and following discharge]. AB - In 1980 we asked 491 women in childbed about their breast-feeding behaviour in the hospital and later at home. For 11,3 weeks on an average a woman supported her baby by breast-feeding, the total breast-feeding-time on an average was 20,02 weeks. The immediate breast-feeding after the delivery seems not to have such an important influence as the general breast-feeding situation in the hospital, which is influenced by the rooming-in-system and the free-demand-feeding. The parity had no influence on the intensity of breast-feeding, but women over 30 supported their children much longer by breast-feeding than younger ones. Also we found out, that women with a better school education and a higher qualified profession nursed their babies longer than other ones with a less qualified education. The way of delivery had no influence on the breast-feeding behaviour. In our region, female babies were nursed longer than male ones. We could clearly find out, that the partner influenced the breast-feeding behaviour of the young mother. The main reason for the delactation was the hypogalactia, it influenced the total breast-feeding time negatively, naturally. Those women, who were advised by their gynecologists appear to nurse a shorter time and to complain more frequently about complications. Multiparas with breast-feeding complications consulted the doctor more often than primiparas. As we think, that young mothers are fixing their breast- feeding intention already during their pregnancy, we present a model of the integration of the La Leche League in our hospital week day and also in our delivery preparation courses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662465 TI - [Heparin level determination during extracorporeal circulation in open heart surgery]. AB - Because of the high dosages which have to be given during extracorporal circulation it is often impossible to measure the end point of coagulation for both thrombin time and aPTT. A correct determination of the heparin level has become possible with synthetic substrates with the help of the "Protopath proteolytic enzyme detection system" (AHS, Munich). With a fluorogenic synthetic substrate in a one-way cuvette and calibrated fluorometer the heparin and AT III levels can easily be measured. Very high levels of heparin which averaged 6,9 U/ml +/- 1,0 10 minutes after heparinization and 4,4 U/ml +/- 1,0 60 minutes later were found in ten patients with open heart surgery during extracorporal circulation. AT III decreased to less than 50% possibly due to dilutional effects. Ten minutes after protamine neutralization heparin levels were less than 0,1 U/ml. After two hours AT III levels returned to 70%. Measurement of heparin blood levels adds to the quality of anticoagulant control in situations where high dosages of heparin are given. PMID- 6662466 TI - [Phosphohexose isomerase in cyst fluids and effusions as a complement to cytological diagnosis]. AB - Phosphohexose-isomerase concentration in cysts and effusions of various localisations was measured in 83 cases. The enzyme activity was compared with aspiration-cytologic results on the basis of histologic diagnoses. There is a reasonable correlation from cytologic cellularity and PHI-concentration. PHI measurements give an additional information whether an aspirated fluid derives from a benign or a malignant lesion. PMID- 6662467 TI - [Experimental studies on cerebral hypoxia and subependymal hemorrhage of the premature brain]. PMID- 6662468 TI - [Cellular architecture of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus of the rat; a quantitative morphological study]. PMID- 6662469 TI - [Mechanism of the antitumor immunity potentiated by anaerobic Corynebacterium parvum]. PMID- 6662470 TI - [Experimental studies on the factors preventing reduction in congenital dislocation of the hip]. PMID- 6662471 TI - [Thoracic duct lymph flow and clinical significance of thoracic duct-internal jugular vein anastomosis in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6662473 TI - [Comparative anatomy of the canaliculo-ductular junctions of the vertebrate livers]. PMID- 6662472 TI - [Cultured medial smooth muscle cells of the rat aorta]. PMID- 6662474 TI - [Effect of surgery on cell mediated immunity in cancer patients]. PMID- 6662475 TI - [Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on the antibacterial factors of the hamster saliva]. PMID- 6662476 TI - [2 cases of hypothyroidism associated with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage]. PMID- 6662477 TI - [Antibiotic therapy in infectious endocarditis]. AB - The most common causes of infective endocarditis, accounting for 65 to 85% of all cases, are viridans streptococci and other nonhemolytic streptococci. Enterococci are the offending microorganisms in 5 to 15%, staphylococci in 5 to 15% and gram negative bacteria from the intestinal tract in 2 to 6%. In rare cases, infective endocarditis may be caused by any of a number of other pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. Men over 60 years of age and women under 40 have a higher likelihood of contracting enterococcal endocarditis subsequent to febrile infections of the urogenital tract or after abortion; intravenous drug users tend to infections with gram-negative bacteria; patients with intravascular catheters who are administered cortisone, broad-spectrum antibiotics or cytostatic drugs are at risk of endocarditis from Candida or Aspergillus. At least two, but in general, five blood cultures should be drawn in short intervals. With the use of proper techniques for detection of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms as well as fungi, positive blood cultures can be obtained in 95% of the patients. Antibiotics may be discontinued temporarily in pretreated patients. Bactericidal antibiotics are indicated. The following rule is valid as a guideline for adequate antibacterial chemotherapy: at maximal concentration after antibiotic administration, a bactericidal effect should still be demonstrated after 1:8 dilution of the patient's serum. Prior to receipt of blood culture findings, in forms tending to be subacute, treatment should be directed at streptococci and enterococci. If the course is more acute, in the presence of an intracardiac foreign body or in intravenous drug users, the antibiotic employed should also be effective against staphylococci.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662479 TI - [Cardiac impulse generation and conduction in patients with long-term insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]. AB - In a selected group of 14 diabetic patients (seven women, seven men) with an average age of 38 years, average duration of diabetes 20 years, all with end organ manifestations but without hypertension or previous myocardial infarct, His bundle electrography at resting conditions and during programmed electrical stimulation was carried out to determine whether diabetes mellitus, alone, affects meaningful disturbances of impulse generation and conduction. The sinus node recovery time, conduction time through the atrium, the AV-node and the His Purkinje system as well as the effective and functional refractory periods of the atrium and AV-node were determined. At rest, all patients had normal findings. During atrial stimulation, two patients were found to have intraatrial conduction disturbances and one patient had impaired AV-nodal conduction reserve; the latter had diminished 1:1 conduction through the AV-node during atrial stimulation. In general, however, diabetes mellitus, alone, does not appear to be of clinically relevant pathologic importance for the development of rhythm disturbances at the levels of the sinus node and/or the AV-node and His bundle system. PMID- 6662478 TI - Cardiac valve replacement in patients with active infective endocarditis. AB - Since the introduction of effective antimicrobial therapy, the leading cause of death in patients with infective endocarditis is no longer sepsis but, rather, congestive heart failure. The mortality is higher in patients with severe heart failure due to infective endocarditis who are treated with medical therapy only than in those who additionally undergo cardiac valve replacement. The mortality is also higher in patients with severe heart failure due to aortic infective endocarditis (40 to 93%) than in those with heart failure due to mitral infective endocarditis (17 to 66%). In patients with and in those without infective endocarditis, surgical intervention can be carried out with comparable mortality not only for aortic valve replacement (9 vs 8.4%) but also overall for valve replacement (10 vs 12%). In patients with class IV heart failure, overall mortality of valve replacement was higher (17%) than in patients with class II (8%) or class III heart failure (7%) and, similarly, comparable with that of matched groups of patients without infective endocarditis. In patients with class IV disability, the mortality of valve replacement was higher in those with active infective endocarditis (19%) than in those with inactive infective endocarditis, possibly due to a higher incidence of sudden onset of severe aortic regurgitation and myocardial abscess. No patient with valve replacement for inactive infective endocarditis developed prosthetic valve endocarditis; a single case of prosthetic valve endocarditis occurred in a patient with active infective endocarditis. In general, early surgical intervention is preferable to procrastination in the management of patients with progressive or severe heart failure due to infective endocarditis. Although, in at least 70% of patients, blood cultures may be rendered sterile within one week of initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, patients with infective endocarditis due to staphylococci, multiply resistant gram-negative bacilli, fungi, Q-fever or those with myocardial abscess or multiple relapses may require surgical intervention. While the overall incidence of clinically apparent emboli has been reported to be as high as 30%, in a ten-year observation period at the Mayo Clinic, the rate was 5.6%. Patients with echocardiographic evidence of large or mobile vegetations and those with infective endocarditis cause by microorganisms associated with a high risk of embolization such as slow-growing fastidious gram-negative bacilli, fungi (especially Aspergillus) and nutritionally-variant viridans streptococci should be considered candidates for surgery irrespective of a history of emboli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6662480 TI - [Atrial myxoma in the patients of a general and internal medicine outpatient clinic]. AB - In a medical out-patient clinic, over a period of several years, atrial myxoma was diagnosed in four patients with ages ranging between 32 and 69 years. With the exception of one patient referred for assessment of ventricular premature beats, presentation was not primarily attributable to cardiac causes. In all patients, there was a latency period of years between the onset of symptoms and establishment of the diagnosis. The history of patients with atrial myxoma includes symptoms such as dizziness, syncope, transient cerebral ischemia, weight loss and malaise. The differential diagnosis may encompass consideration of neoplastic disease since laboratory findings can reveal evidence of an inflammatory reaction, accelerated sedimentation rate, anemia, abnormal electrophoresis, hypoproteinemia as well as elevated alkaline phosphatase. One patient had undergone numerous examinations to rule out the presence of malignant disease. Symptoms related to the cardiovascular system include exertional dyspnea, premature beats, tachyarrhythmias and nonspecific chest pain. Auscultatory findings are consistent with those of mitral stenosis. M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography established the diagnosis in all patients and confirmed the usefullness of this examination technique in the assessment of patients in a general medical clinic. PMID- 6662481 TI - [Effect of aspartate compounds on the biochemical characteristics of myocardial energy metabolism in man]. AB - Twenty-five patients undergoing aortic valve replacement were administered two different electrolyte solutions pre- and intraoperatively: patients in group A (n = 9) received a balanced solution of electrolytes and trace metals with aspartate as anion (Inzolen), patients in group B (n = 16) received Ringer's solution with potassium chloride referenced to frequently-measured serum potassium levels. From the left ventricular apex region, needle biopsies were obtained at three points in time: 1. beginning of CPB, 2. end of ischemia, 3. after ten minutes of reperfusion. The tissue samples were enzymatically analyzed for the content of ATP, CP, ADP and lactate. In group A (patients with aspartate) ATP (moderately) and CP (markedly) decreased after ischemia with a marked increase after reperfusion. ADP and lactate in this group (A) increased at the end of ischemia and decreased after reperfusion. ATP and CP in group B (KCl) showed a similar course during the investigation. Lactate (markedly) and ADP (moderately) increased after ischemia without changing after reperfusion. Mean values of ATP and CP in group A were significantly higher than those of group B at all times. Mean values of ADP and lactate, however, in group A were below those of group B. The data indicate an improvement in energetic metabolism of myocardium in man. The results point out the possible importance of aspartates in compound with electrolytes and trace metals in preservation of biochemical energy. PMID- 6662482 TI - [Cell cycles of cancer cells and chemotherapy--flow cytometric observation of the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on cell kinetics of cultured human lung cancer cells]. AB - The necessity to assess the influence of chemotherapeutic agents on cell cycle kinetics has been stressed for development of effective cancer chemotherapy. Effects of these agents on cell cycle progression in cultured human lung cancer cells, PC-3 (adeno) and PC-6 (small cell), were studied by flow cytometry (FCM) with computer analysis. DNA distributions of the cells stained with propidium iodide were expressed numerically. Firstly the influence of adriamycin (ADR), then methotrexate (MTX), and finally, sequential combined chemotherapy with ADR and MTX on cell cycle kinetics were examined. The results are summarized as follows. Exposure to ADR induced concentration dependent cell killing effect in PC-3 and PC-6, while exposure to MTX showed mainly time dependent cell growth inhibition. By FCM, difference of effect of ADR between those two cell types was certified. Namely, in PC-3 low ADR concentration lead to G2 accumulation with decrease of G0/G1, polyploization, and high ADR concentration to S accumulation due to S-G2/M delay. Furthermore, in the highest ADR concentration (10 micrograms/ml), G1, G1-S boundary accumulation were observed. On the contrary, exposure of PC-6 to ADR remained to show only G2 accumulation with a slight decrease of G0/G1. Exposure of PC-6 to MTX lead to G2/M decrease with delay of G0/G1-S progression followed by S accumulation which was ascribed to delay of S G2/M progression. Sequential combined chemotherapy showed superiority of MTX-ADR to ADR-MTX and other regimens in cytocidal effect, and the difference might be attributable to induction of partial synchronization to G0/G1-S boundary with MTX exposure. It was emphasized that FCM is a indispensable method for analysis of the influence of chemotherapeutic agents on cell cycle kinetics. PMID- 6662483 TI - [10 cases of congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct]. AB - Ten cases of congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct (including insufficiency form) were examined for mode of pancreatico-biliary anastomosis and cholangiographic findings. The results were as follows. Male to female ratio was 1:9 in this series. Regarding the mode of pancreatico-biliary anastomosis, type I (pancreatic duct flowing into common bile duct) tended to occur frequently in patients 30 years old or more, while type II (common bile duct flowing into pancreatic duct) in patients under 30 years old. With respect to clinical symptoms, no cases had triad (jaundice, abdominal pain and palpation of mass), but abdominal pain occurred in all the cases. Jaundice and palpation of mass were seen in 30% and 10% of the cases, respectively. Regarding the age at the onset and the duration of the disease, type I occurred in elderly cases with a longer duration of disease, while type II occurred in young cases with a shorter duration of disease. The degree of distention increased in proportion to the severity of the peripheral stenosis of the biliary duct. Complication with biliary tract carcinoma was seen in 2 type I cases. Among the type I cases, those with mild distention were considered to be insufficient form. PMID- 6662484 TI - [Mechanism of actions involved in improved effects of calcium channel blockers on ischemic myocardial conduction delay]. AB - The effects of calcium channel blockers and lidocaine on changes in action potential characteristics and conduction time during exposure to altered Tyrode's solution imitating some of metabolic alterations that occur in acute myocardial ischemia (pO2 less than 50 mmHg, KCl 8 mM, pH 6.80) were examined in the isolated right ventricular epicardium of canine heart. The superfusion with altered Tyrode's solution produced loss of resting membrane potential (RMP), action potential amplitude (APA), action potential duration (APD), and upstroke velocity of action potential (Vmax), and prolonged conduction time (CT). In the presence of lidocaine (5 mg/l), altered Tyrode's solution aggravated the reductions of APA and Vmax, and of the prolongation of CT. On the other hand, in the presence of either verapamil (1 mg/l), diltiazem (3 mg/l), nifedipine (1 mg/l), or Ni2+ (1 mM), the degree of the reductions of APA and Vmax and of the prolongation of CT induced by altered Tyrode's solution was reduced. However, neither lidocaine nor calcium channel blockers affected change in RMP. These results suggest that decreasing calcium influx during ischemia improves depressed sodium channel, and this effect can partly explain the improvement of ischemia-induced conduction delay by calcium channel blockers. PMID- 6662486 TI - [Chromosome aberrations and clinical features of childhood and adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia]. AB - I studied the karyotype in 66 patients (38 children and 28 adults) with ANLL, who were diagnosed on the basis of the FAB classification. Clonal chromosome abnormalities were found in 45 of the 66 patients. Six patients had AML (M1), and 23 including 8 with t (8; 21), had AML (M2). All 10 patients but one with APL (M3) had t (15; 17). Twelve patients had AMMOL (M4); 7 of these had a normal karyotype, and another had t (11; 19). Fourteen patients had AMOL (M5); 4 of these had t (9; 11), and 4 others had 11q rearrangements not involving chromosome 9. Only one patient had EL (M6), whose karyotype was normal. As t (8; 21) and t (15; 17) are uniquely associated with AML (M2) and APL (M3), respectively, t (9; 11) is seen only kn AMOL The other 11q rearrangements are more common in AMOL, but are also seen in AMMOL. To examine correlation of karyotype with prognosis, the 66 patients were classified into 6 groups; 8 with t (8; 21), 9 with t (15; 17), 4 with t (9; 11), 5 with other 11q rearrangements, 19 with other abnormalities, and 21 with normal diploidy. All the patients with t (8; 21) entered remission, and their median survival (16 months) was longer than that of any other group of patients. The patients with normal diploidy, those with the 11q rearrangements, or those with other abnormalities had a little shorter survival than those with t (8; 21). All 9 patients with t (15; 17) had DIC, and 4 of these died during induction therapy. Their median survival was only 6 months. All patients with t (9; 11) died during induction therapy; 3 of these had extremely high WBC counts and DIC at diagnosis. The patients were also classified into 3 groups, i. e. NN (20 patients), AN (21 patients) and AA (19 patients), on the basis of the frequency of abnormal mitotic cells in the bone marrow. The NN patients or the AN patients had longer survival times than the AA patients (p less than 0.05). My study demonstrated that the karyotype is correlated with morphology of leukemic cells and with survival. PMID- 6662485 TI - [Experimental studies on regeneration of myoepithelial cells--the rat submandibular gland autografted in the tongue]. AB - The regeneration process of myoepithelial cells in the injured salivary gland was studied. Fragments of the rat submandibular gland autografted in the tongue were examined from 12 hours to 14 days after implantation by means of the methods of autoradiography, histochemistry and electron microscopy. Two days after implantation, the central area of the fragments showed necrosis and parenchymal regeneration was, on the other hand, revealed at the remaining periphery. It was demonstrated by [3H] thymidine autoradiography that the regeneration of the intralobular parenchyma took place at the remaining intercalated and striated portions of the duct, but never did at the secretory endpieces. Initially, solid cell clusters were composed of regenerating uniformly immature polygonal epithelial cells. Four days after implantation, intracytoplasmic filaments running parallel to the plasma membrane of the cell, measured 50-70 A in diamter, were detected in some cells of the cluster. These filaments were accompanied by dense bodies characteristic of those of smooth muscle cells, and were thereby identified with myofilaments. Based on the findings, the regenerating cells with myofilaments were recognized as immature myoepithelial cells. Showing mosaic arrangement, they intermingled with the other kind of regenerating epithelial cells in the cluster. Each regenerating cell cluster formed gradually tubular structure with epithelial stratification. Ten days after implantation, most tubular structures were consisted of the single layer of columnar or cuboidal cells. Fourteen days after implantation, alkaline phosphatase activity characteristic of mature myoepithelial cells was observed in the spindle cells located between tubular epithelium and basal lamina. Ultrastructurally these spindle cells were identified with mature myoepithelial cells because of furnishing myofilaments with dense bodies. The results of this experiment suggest that, in case of tissue injury, the epithelial regeneration in the intralobular portion of the salivary gland is initiated at the intercalated and/or striated portions of the duct, and followed by myoepithelial differentiation of some of the regenerating epithelial cells. PMID- 6662487 TI - [Effects of methysergide on pulmonary circulation]. AB - The effects of methysergide (a serotonin antagonist) on the pulmonary circulation were investigated experimentally. Twenty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, and thoracotomy was carried out. A micro-tip pressure transducer was inserted into the pulmonary trunk and an electromagnetic flow probe was placed around it. Aortic and left atrial pressure were also measured. Three different doses (100, 250 and 1000 micrograms/kg) of methysergide and a dose of 3 micrograms/kg of serotonin were infused rapidly into the right atrium through a catheter inserted transvenously. Then, all parameters were continuously recorded. Furthermore, moduli of pulmonary vascular input impedance were calculated from pulmonary pressure and flow waves by means of Fourier analysis. The administration of each dose of methysergide resulted in an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance and a decrease in heart rate. With the highest dose of methysergide, the aortic pressure was decreased moderately. No increase in pulmonary vascular resistance was observed even after serotonin administration under the treatment with methysergide(1000 micrograms/kg). Although the characteristic impedance did not change significantly with methysergide, the impedance modulus at 0-frequency and low frequencies increased slightly in magnitude. The shift of the frequency of the impedance minimum was slight in comparison with the case of serotonin. These findings were similar to those obtained with serotonin, in general, The results have shown that methysergide produces serotonin-like effects on the pulmonary circulation, and have suggested that it may stimulate serotonin receptors in the pulmonary vascular smooth muscles as a partial agonist. It is desirable that serotonin antagonist have little effect by itself on the pulmonary circulation, in order to determine the role of serotonin in some pulmonary circulatory disturbances. PMID- 6662488 TI - Production, characterization and clinical application of antisera to cortisol. AB - In the present paper the production of highly specific and sensitive antisera to cortisol is described. The antisera were generated in rabbits using both cortisol 3-monooxime and cortisol-3,20-dioxime derivatives. Bovine thyroglobulin was used as a carrier protein. Antibody characteristics were determined by radioimmunoassay procedure. Antibody titers observed after immunization with the monooxime conjugate were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than those obtained with the dioxime conjugate. In addition, cross reactivity for various naturally occurring steroids was markedly lower and sensitivity was increased as compared to dioxime antisera (15 vs. 40-60 pg/tube). Accuracy and precision were calculated for the monooxime antiserum used in a RIA system for clinical application. A close correlation (r = 0,9802) was found between plasma cortisol values measured by radioimmunoassay and the competitive protein binding method. The concentrations obtained by the protein binding method were slightly but significantly higher than those measured by radioimmunoassay indicating higher specificity of the antibody used (p less than 0.005). PMID- 6662489 TI - Failure of cyproheptadine to affect calcium homoeostasis and PTH levels in primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - In this study we evaluated the influence of cyproheptadine treatment on serum PTH values, as well as serum Ca, Mg and P levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. For this purpose, cyproheptadine was given in a dose of 4 mg orally every 4 hours during 10 consecutive days to six patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Control fasting blood samples for PTH, Ca, Mg and P were obtained every other day for a week. Afterwards cyproheptadine treatment was applied as mentioned above. Then blood samples were taken on the 4th, 6th, and 10th day of treatment to determine serum PTH, Ca, Mg and P. Before treatment the mean PTH (+/- SE) values were 22.95 +/- 1.4 mlU/ml and during cyproheptadine treatment were 23.06 +/- 0.9, 22.95 +/- 0.8, 22.32 +/- 0.8 mlU/ml, respectively. There were no significant changes in serum PTH levels before and during treatment (P greater than 0.05). Also serum Ca, Mg and P levels remained unchanged. Our data suggest that cyproheptadine treatment does not affect calcium homoeostasis and serum PTH levels in primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6662490 TI - Serum immunoreactive calcitonin: useful as a general tumor marker? PMID- 6662491 TI - A hospital is not a hotel. PMID- 6662492 TI - A trial of tricyclic antidepressant in RDC schizoaffective disorder, depressed type. PMID- 6662493 TI - The transition from refueling to sharing in the separation-individuation phase. PMID- 6662494 TI - Some observations of a psychiatric consultant to a hospice. AB - The experience of a psychiatric consultant to the inpatient and bereavement components of a hospice is reported. The bulk of the consultation is to the hospice staff. Activities of the consultant include attendance at a weekly patient care meeting and patient and staff groups, consultation with the bereavement team and the administrative leadership, and the evaluation of patients. Clarification of the inevitable psychologic problems that arise in dealing with the mostly elderly very ill patients with end-stage cancer as well as with their families is a major function. Many of the problems special to the hospice relate to loss, mourning, and death. Psychiatric diagnostic input has been helpful in the treatment of organic and functional psychiatric disorders including the treatment of the emotional components of pain and disordered grief which is manifest as depression. Consultation is provided to individuals at risk of problems in the bereavement period. The psychiatric consultant to a hospice is helpful in establishing and maintaining a sensitive therapeutic system of care for the patient and family. He provides an important presence and a forum for the discussion of psychologic issues for the staff. In addition, he has an important role in clarifying the psychodynamic issues involved with death, loss, and mourning for the patient, family, and staff. He provides input around the treatment of functional and organic psychiatric problems seen in the patient and family. Such activities require the continuing membership and leadership of a psychiatrist on the hospice team. The hospice is a laboratory for the understanding of death, loss, and mourning. Although they have been the subject of much inquiry, these issues can be studied fruitfully at the hospice because of the accessibility to dying patients and the bereaved, both before and after the death of their loved one (Kubler-Ross, 1970; Parkes, 1972; Schoenberg, Carr, Kutscher, Peretz, and Goldberg, 1974; Jacobs and Ostfeld, 1977; Kastenbaum and Costa, 1977; Greenblatt, 1978). Much remains to be learned about the processes and outcomes of mourning, as well as dying styles and character styles and family variables as they relate to death. Psychologic principles around the care of the dying and their families that have application to other settings (Shanfield, 1978; Shanfield, 1982) need to be clarified in the hospice setting. PMID- 6662495 TI - Affective profiles of chronically anxious patients. AB - It appears that patients who suffer from panic attacks, in addition to generalized anxiety, differ from those without panic attacks predominantly in the type and severity of the somatic manifestations. Panic attacks and to a lesser extent, generalized anxiety, occurred in a wide range of measured personality dimensions. However, the interactions between anxiety and personality traits are of great clinical and therapeutic importance. Extroverted and internally oriented patients exhibited less psychopathology and were more positive in their outlook and more capable to use offered help in a constructive way, whereas introverted patients and those with an external locus of control experienced a considerable amount of demoralization. The latter patients needed more intensive psychotherapy to build up their self-confidence. Only with considerable effort on the part of the therapist did such patients become able to face anxiety-provoking situations and approach them in a constructive way. Medication often controlled the somatic symptoms; however, personality traits determined whether and to what degree patients overcame anticipatory anxiety and improved interpersonal and social functions. PMID- 6662496 TI - Comprehensive services in the community for the chronic mental patient: one program's experience. AB - A major shortcoming of community mental health programs has been their limited success with chronic patients. This paper describes how one mental health center has addressed this problem by creating an administratively autonomous treatment program exclusively for chronic patients. The organization, staffing, and activities of the program's treatment and community support services are outlined. The program's day treatment component and interdisciplinary treatment team concept are detailed. The program has had success in creating and coordinating community-based services, in maintaining continuity of care, in sustaining high staff morale and commitment, and in integrating former state hospital staff into a community setting. PMID- 6662497 TI - In defense of the insanity defense. PMID- 6662498 TI - Protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. III. Amino-acid sequence of cystatin from chicken egg white. AB - Cystatin, the protein inhibitor of cysteine proteinases from chicken egg white was purified by a new method. The two major forms with pI 6.5 (Peak I) and 5.6 (Peak II) were separated. Molecular masses of both forms are approx. 12700 Da as determined by gel chromatography; Form A from Peak I has a molecular mass of 12191 Da as calculated from its amino-acid sequence. The complete amino-acid sequence of Form A was determined by automated solid-phase Edman degradation of the whole inhibitor and its cyanogen bromide fragments. It contains 108 amino acid residues. Form B from Peak II represents an elongation of Form A by 8 amino acid residues at the N-terminus. Cystatin contains four cysteine residues, presumably forming two disulphide bridges. Comparison of the amino-acid sequences and near ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra of stefin, the cysteine proteinase inhibitor from human granulocytes, and cystatin shows that the two proteins are entirely different. According to the primary structures, probably neither proteinase inhibitor is involved in a thiol-disulphide exchange mechanism in the interaction with its target enzyme. PMID- 6662499 TI - Origin and quantification of cytoplasmic estradiol receptor in resting target cells. AB - The exhaustive extraction of microsomal estradiol receptor by Surfynol/dithiothreitol/trypsin in low ionic strength buffer was employed for distribution studies on non-stimulated porcine endometrium. It was found that more than half of the cytoplasmic receptor contents were of microsomal origin. "Empty" structures did not interfere with receptor analysis by agargel electrophoresis. The combined yields from homogenate fractions corresponded to those obtained from unfractionated homogenates. Freeze-fracturing of endometrium had a moderate receptor-solubilizing effect. PMID- 6662500 TI - Cinnabarinate formation in malpighian tubules of the silkworm. Bombyx mori: reaction mechanism of cinnabarinate formation in the presence of catalase and manganese ions. AB - The formation of cinnabarinate in the presence of manganese ions and catalase was investigated spectrophotometrically. The absorption peak of cinnabarinate at 460 nm appeared only in a reaction system containing manganese ions and catalase. If catalase was omitted, a new absorption peak at 360 nm was observed while the absorption peak of cinnabarinate reached a plateau. Furthermore, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the absorption spectrum of cinnabarinate changed; catalase suppressed this absorption change. We conclude that in the course of cinnabarinate formation in the presence of manganese ions hydrogen peroxide is produced, which decomposes cinnabarinate. Catalase prevents the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, which results in the steady increase of cinnabarinate. Cinnabarinate formation by manganese ions shows an initial lag phase. This lag phase disappeared by preincubating 3-hydroxyanthranilate under aerobic conditions. Incubation of 3-hydroxyanthranilate resulted in the generation of superoxide anions. When both manganese ions and superoxide anions were present, the lag phase of cinnabarinate formation disappeared. In the process of cinnabarinate formation, manganese ions serve to dismutate superoxide anions, as does superoxide dismutase; manganese (II) ions were oxidized to manganese (III) ions by superoxide anions. From these results we have proposed a mechanism of cinnabarinate formation catalysed by manganese ions. PMID- 6662501 TI - Xanthommatin formation in rat liver mitochondria and its inhibition by respiratory chain substrates. AB - 3-Hydroxykynurenine is condensed to xanthommatin by cytochrome c and cytochrome oxidase in rat liver mitochondria. In intact mitochondria the reaction is inhibited by respiratory chain substrates. However, this was not the case with preincubated mitochondria or with isolated cytochrome c and cytochrome oxidase. The inhibition of xanthommatin formation in native mitochondria by succinate was abolished by addition of antimycin A or malonate, whereas the inhibition by citrate, glutamate or fumarate was not impaired by antimycin A or amobarbital. However, after preincubation of mitochondria at 37 degrees C for 30 min the inhibition disappeared in these cases too. It is suggested that the inhibition by succinate is due to the supply of reduced cytochrome b which competes with 3 hydroxykynurenine for ferricytochrome c, while the other respiratory chain substrates inhibit xanthommatin formation only in the case of intact mitochondria by a yet unknown mechanism. These inhibition mechanisms prevent xanthommatin formation in rat liver mitochondria, even though 3-hydroxykynurenine is synthesized in the outer mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 6662502 TI - Rat liver peroxisomes, II. Stimulation of peroxisomal fatty-acid beta-oxidation by thyroid hormones. AB - From liver homogenates of control and thyroxine-treated rats the light mitochondrial fractions were prepared by differential centrifugation. Mitochondria and peroxisomes of these fractions were further separated by isopycnic sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Analysis of the activities of the peroxisomal marker enzymes catalase and urate oxidase throughout the gradient exhibited completely corresponding distributions with that of peroxisomal palmitoyl-CoA oxidation. Thyroxine treatment did not change the proportion of mitochondria and peroxisomes present in the differential fractions of the homogenate. Consequently, the activities of peroxisomal beta-oxidation in the light mitochondrial fractions of control and thyroxine-treated animals were directly comparable with each other. A 2.5-fold increase in peroxisomal palmitoyl CoA oxidation raising the activity from 0.089 to 0.220 U/g as estimated in the light mitochondrial fractions was found following treatment of male rats with daily doses of 25 micrograms L-thyroxine (s.c.) over a period of 10 days. Total hepatic peroxisomal fatty-acyl-CoA oxidation was calculated based on estimations in the light mitochondrial fractions. The difficulties encountered herein are discussed. The present result replenishes the broad spectrum of cellular effects exerted by thyroid hormones and indicates that both the mitochondrial and the peroxisomal system contribute to the well known hormone effects such as increase in fatty-acid oxidation, O2 consumption and heat production. PMID- 6662503 TI - Central and peripheral action of enkephalin analogues. AB - Chemical modifications of enkephalins led to analogues with strongly increased biological potency. Compounds such as H-Tyr-DLys(CHO)-Gly-Phe-L homocysteinethiolactone (Hoe 825) additionally show a remarkable split between central and peripheral action, favouring the stimulation of gastrointestinal contractions. Hoe 825 could, therefore, be useful in the treatment of conditions where gut motility is lacking in humans, especially in adynamic ileus. PMID- 6662504 TI - The phylogenetic position of aardvark (Orycteropus afer) as suggested by its myoglobin. AB - Skeletal muscle myoglobin of the aardvark (Orycteropus afer) was isolated and its primary structure determined. The amino-acid sequence was then used in conjunction with previously established myoglobin sequences to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of the aardvark. The most parsimonious trees constructed from this myoglobin sequence data either alone or when combined with lens alpha-crystallin A sequence data depict the aardvark lineage as one of the most ancient among Eutheria. PMID- 6662505 TI - [Peptide alkaloids from Discaria febrifuga Mart]. AB - From the bark extract of Discaria febrifuga Mart. the known alkaloids frangufoline (I), adouetine (II), scutianine B (III), franganine (IV) and two new ones, discarine C (V) and D (VI), were isolated. Their structures are elucidated by degradation reactions and spectroscopic investigations. PMID- 6662506 TI - Comparative electron microscopic features of normal intermediate and metaplastic pyloric epithelium. AB - The ultrastructural appearance of surface epithelial cells of normal and abnormal pyloric epithelium is presented. In addition to areas of complete intestinal metaplasia (IM) an incomplete metaplasia is described which contains poorly differentiated mucous cells, goblet cells, an occasional immature absorptive cell as well as the mature mucus-secreting surface epithelial cells of normal pyloric epithelium. This type of epithelium frequently appeared hyperplastic and showed alterations in the surface microvilli, terminal webs, plasma membranes and mucin granules. Apical vesicles, small electron-dense bodies and larger electron-dense multivesicular bodies were also found in the intermediate cells of incomplete IM and in the mature absorptive cells of complete IM. The intermediate cells described here may be synonymous with the sulphomucin-secreting cells found in adenocarcinomas of the stomach and oesophagus. PMID- 6662507 TI - Chronic duodenitis with gastric metaplasia: electron microscopic study including comparison with normal. AB - Duodenal biopsies from 11 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia were examined by electron microscopy. Chronic duodenitis with gastric metaplasia was seen in samples from four patients, and areas of normal-looking duodenal mucosa were present in nine. The metaplastic cells were similar to those previously described in association with duodenal ulcers. They usually showed marked morphological differences from the normal duodenal absorptive cells. The microvilli were distorted and reduced in number, the glycocalyx was ill-defined, the cytoplasm filled with mucous globules and the intercellular spaces, in some areas, were widened and contained acute and chronic inflammatory cells. PMID- 6662508 TI - The association between precancerous-columnar and squamous lesions of the cervix: a morphometric study. AB - A histological study of 208 cases found a strong association between the occurrence of precancerous cervical columnar and squamous lesions. This was not, however, directly related to cellular abnormalities. The criteria for adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and its precursor lesions were defined morphometrically. With increasing abnormalities of the columnar cells, changes of the glandular and epithelial architecture were more frequently observed. Of the 20 cases morphometrically classified as AIS, only four were initially diagnosed as such, of which three were cases of 'pure' AIS lacking squamous cell abnormalities. Quantifying abnormalities of columnar epithelium is an important aid in the identification and classification of AIS. PMID- 6662509 TI - Penile verrucous carcinoma. AB - Eleven patients with verrucous carcinoma of the penis are presented. The age range was from 41 to 80 years with a mean of 59 years. The pathological features of these tumours are described and the aetiology of penile verrucous carcinoma is discussed. PMID- 6662510 TI - Evidence for differentiation in medulloblastomas appearing primitive on light microscopy: an ultrastructural study. AB - Surgical biopsy specimens from five children with cerebellar medulloblastoma were examined for ultrastructural evidence of differentiating activity. At light microscope level, all the tumour samples appeared primitive and featureless, and could not be classified as showing either neuroblastic or spongioblastic differentiation. Using electron microscopy, the major part of each specimen examined likewise showed largely primitive and undifferentiated appearances typical of medulloblastoma. In all the cases however, scattered groups of cells and related cytoplasmic processes were found with more specific, differentiated features. Moreover, in each tumour sample, these cells and processes were found to show two morphologically distinct appearances. One cell type had ultrastructural features reminiscent of primitive neuronal morphology, and a similar appearance was found in cell perikarya forming rosettes. The other cell type showed evidence of spongioblastic differentiation, with bundles of glial like filaments in the cytoplasm. Cilia were also found in one case. Whilst in keeping with current views on the neuroectodermal origin of the tumour, these observations suggest that all medulloblastoma cells may have bipotential differentiating capacity, and that at least some evidence of this is likely to be found ultrastructurally, even when there is only a primitive and completely undifferentiated appearance on light microscopy. PMID- 6662511 TI - Classification of intramucosal cysts of the stomach. AB - The occurrence of intramucosal cysts in the mucosa of resected stomachs was recorded in 91 consecutive patients having synchronous focal (elevated) dysplasia and/or adenocarcinoma elsewhere in the stomach. Intramucosal cysts were classified into foveolar cysts, pyloric gland cysts, fundic gland cysts, intestinal metaplastic cysts and ciliated-cell cysts. The most common type was intestinal metaplastic cyst, which was present in 60% of the patients. PMID- 6662512 TI - The fine structure of choroid plexus carcinoma. AB - The ultrastructural findings of two cases of choroid plexus carcinoma occurring in infants 11 and 24 months old are discussed. Both had a similar ultrastructural pattern which demonstrated a clear polygonal cytoplasm, cell polarity towards the lumina, junctional complexes and evidence of a basement membrane, all of which point to an epithelial origin for the proliferating cells. Abundant immature cellular characters such as polyribosomes, glycogen granules and hypertrophied rough endoplasmic reticulum were found. The importance of the differential diagnosis from ependymoblastoma and benign choroid plexus papilloma is emphasized. In the former, the major differentiating features are the existence of abundant glial neuropil and cellular characters of glial differentiation, whilst in the latter, cytoplasmic features demonstrate cellular maturity. PMID- 6662513 TI - Primary ganglioneuroblastoma of the anterior mediastinum in a 61-year-old woman. AB - A case of primary ganglioneuroblastoma located in the anterior mediastinum is described. The tumour was found incidentally at autopsy in a 61-year-old woman who died of coronary artery thrombosis. There was no evidence of metastases. Histologically the tumour was a ganglioneuroblastoma of the diffuse type. There was no pure neuroblastomatous tissue present and maturation to ganglioneuroma was not observed. Regressive changes like fibrosis and calcification were present. Review of the literature failed to reveal any recorded cases of ganglioneuroblastoma occurring in the anterior mediastinum. Although ganglioneuroblastoma occurs predominantly in children, 24 cases occurring in adults have been reported in the literature. PMID- 6662515 TI - Magnification of microphotographs. PMID- 6662514 TI - Amianthioma--a name to drop? PMID- 6662516 TI - Induction of maternal behavior and some hormonal and physiological correlates in the domestic hen. AB - The manifestation of maternal behavior and the variations of plasmatic levels of gonadic hormones (testosterone, delta 4-androstenedione, and 17 beta-estradiol) have been studied in two groups of domestic hens (layers and nonlayers) during a forced adoption experiment. Maternal behavior appears later in actively laying hens than in nonlayers. The former hens show a higher level of androgens (T and delta 4). The appearance of typical maternal behavior coincides with a pause in laying and a decrease in all the plasmatic steroid levels measured. PMID- 6662517 TI - Inhibition of estrogen-activated sexual behavior by androgens. AB - Experiments to determine the potential of androgen to inhibit estrogen-activated female sexual behavior in rats were conducted. Treatment with either testosterone propionate (0.8 or 1.6 mg/day) or dihydrotestosterone propionate (0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 mg/day) significantly reduced the incidence of lordosis in ovariectomized females receiving estradiol benzoate (1 microgram/day). A similar suppression of estrogen-activated lordosis by testosterone was observed in castrated male rats. Flutamide, an androgen-receptor blocker, prevented the inhibition of lordosis by testosterone in females, indicating that the interaction of testosterone or a metabolite with an androgen receptor may be an important feature of this inhibition. Furthermore, the ability of dihydrotestosterone to inhibit lordosis at lower doses than testosterone suggests that the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone may also be necessary. These experiments demonstrate the potential of testosterone to inhibit the occurrence of female sexual behavior in rats, in contrast to its established facilitative effect on this behavior. PMID- 6662518 TI - Androgen and gonadotropin effects on male mate calls in South African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis. AB - Mate calling is a prominent reproductive behavior of male South African clawed frogs. Calls consist of alternating slow- and fast-amplitude-modulated trills. Each trill is made up of a series of clicks. The effects of administration of exogenous gonadotropin and androgen on mate calling were studied in male Xenopus laevis. Males were paired with unreceptive female frogs to elicit maximal calling. The amount of time each animal spent calling during the testing period, the peak fundamental frequency of the calls, the rate of calling, and the interclick interval (ICI, a measure of the temporal patterning of the calls) were measured in intact, castrated, and hormone-replaced frogs. Injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) into intact frogs increased the amount of time spent calling and the ICI relative to measures taken after water injection. Castrated males did not call even when given HCG. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatment reinstated calling in castrates and increased circulating levels of androgens. When androgen-replaced castrated males were injected with HCG, the amount of time spent calling increased and approached levels of intact, HCG injected males. The above results suggest that androgens are necessary for the production of calls. Gonadotropins appear to play an important role in mate calling, a role at least partly independent of effects on testicular androgen synthesis. PMID- 6662519 TI - Assessment of the sexual behavior of pregnant mares. AB - Pregnant mares (N = 12) were observed with a stallion from early gestation until parturition for sexual behavior. Observations were conducted for 20 min per day for 5 days each month from September until July. No mares exhibited full estrus and no intromissions or ejaculations occurred at any time during the study. Social interactions such as male approach and female/female mutual grooming occurred with greater mean frequency or duration in some months of spring and fall than in winter months. (P less than 0.05). None of the recorded behaviors differed by month of gestation. In a comparison of the behavior of diestrous and pregnant mares in harem groups, no estrous behavior occurred and no differences in social interactions were found. Although progesterone may be sufficient to cause the absence of sexual behavior in diestrous mares, another estrous inhibiting substance may be present during pregnancy at times of high estrogen and low progesterone. PMID- 6662520 TI - Evidence for androgen independence of male mounting behavior in white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii). AB - Previous experiments have shown that expression of mounting behavior in sexually inexperienced, adult male white-crowned sparrows does not require elevated plasma levels of androgen; adult males maintained on nonstimulatory short days mount sexually receptive females. The experiments reported here demonstrate that (1) sexually inexperienced, prepubertal males maintained on nonstimulatory short days show very low mounting rates in response to female sexual displays; (2) these males exhibit high mounting rates when exposed to stimulatory long days but androgen treatment on short days is ineffective in stimulating high mounting rates; and (3) prepubertal castration has no effect on the expression of mounting behavior by photostimulated adult males. Thus, there is no evidence that mounting behavior of adult male white-crowned sparrows depends on androgen. PMID- 6662522 TI - A qualitative discussion of mechanisms of feedback and feedforward in the control of locomotion. PMID- 6662521 TI - Distinguishing behavioral interactions from visual cues as causes of adult sex change in a coral reef fish. AB - Two experiments tested the hypothesis that adult female-to-male sex reversal in protogynous fish is induced by the loss of close-contact behavioral interactions between males and females, and not by the loss of simple visual cues from the male. Twenty-six laboratory groups of Anthias squamipinnis were manipulated so that females within each group (1) retained chemical and acoustic access to a male, (2) were denied behavioral access to a male, and (3) were either allowed or denied visual access to a male alone or to a male interacting with another female. At least one female subsequently changed sex in each of 22 groups. While acoustic and chemical cues were not completely eliminated as possible causes, sex change is apparently induced by loss of male-female behavioral interaction in combination with continued interaction between females. PMID- 6662523 TI - New microprocessor-based insulin controller. PMID- 6662525 TI - Characterization of flow in intravenous infusion systems. PMID- 6662524 TI - On a population of labile synthesized relaxation oscillators. PMID- 6662526 TI - An inhomogeneous thermal block model of man for the electromagnetic environment. PMID- 6662527 TI - Scan-along polygonal approximation for data compression of electrocardiograms. PMID- 6662528 TI - Optimum filters for estimating evoked potential waveforms. PMID- 6662529 TI - Calorimetric measurement of the energy fluence of diagnostic X-ray beams. PMID- 6662530 TI - Estimation of motor unit twitches. PMID- 6662531 TI - Limitation of the inverse problem in body surface potential mapping. PMID- 6662532 TI - Laryngeal evaluation using features from speech and the electroglottograph. PMID- 6662533 TI - Evaluation of a multifunctional hand prosthesis system using EMG controlled animation. PMID- 6662534 TI - Comments on "Dynamics of gaseous uptake from the lungs: the concentration and second gas effects". PMID- 6662535 TI - A quantitative model for the ventricular response during atrial fibrillation. PMID- 6662536 TI - Predicting final eye position halfway through a saccade. PMID- 6662537 TI - A recursive free-body approach to computer simulation of human postural dynamics. PMID- 6662538 TI - A cardiac hypothesis for the origin of EEG alpha. PMID- 6662539 TI - A computational model of the electromagnetic heating of biological tissue with application to hyperthermic cancer therapy. PMID- 6662540 TI - Geometric deconvolution: a meta-algorithm for limited view computed tomography. PMID- 6662541 TI - Application of phase analysis of the Frankenhaeuser-Huxley equations to determine threshold stimulus amplitudes. PMID- 6662542 TI - Dual microcomputer analysis of cardiac transmembrane action potentials. PMID- 6662543 TI - Standard errors on respiratory mechanical parameters obtained by forced random excitation. PMID- 6662544 TI - Weak electric fields affect plant development. PMID- 6662545 TI - Microwave coagulating scalpel. PMID- 6662546 TI - Generation of the state sensitivity functions of a systemic arterial model. PMID- 6662547 TI - Image reconstruction from incomplete projection data: iterative reconstruction reprojection techniques. PMID- 6662548 TI - The cell kinetics of the adaptation of the human esophagus to organ culture. AB - The adaptation of normal human esophageal explants to organ culture for the first 33 d of in vitro growth was evaluated using histomorphology and [3H]TdR autoradiography combined with mitotic blockade. On the 3rd d in culture, extensive desquamation of superficial cells reduced the epithelium to about four cell layers. Thereafter, the epithelium remained atrophic, with a relative increase in basal and suprabasal cells. The percentage of cells synthesizing DNA was greatest from Day 4 through 8, just after desquamation, and reached a maximum on Day 4 (24 h [3H]TdR labeling index of 62%). The labeling index (LI) fluctuated, thereafter, but remained high (26% on Day 33). During the last 6 h of each [3H]TdR labeling interval, mitosis was blocked by colcemid. The 6 h mitotic rate (MR) was a reasonably constant fraction of the LI (maximum at 4 d: MR = 1.44%), but was much lower than predicted by [3H]TdR labeling indicating the loss of large numbers of cells after DNA synthesis but before or during mitosis. Unlabeled mitotic figures appeared between Days 1 to 3 and 6 to 33, suggesting that the epithelium initially contained a considerable population of cells arrested or delayed in G2 and continued to generate cells that remained in premitosis longer than 24 h. These results indicate that the atrophy observed in vitro is characterized by a relative increase in the basal and suprabasal cell category, a high replication rate, initial recruitment of cells arrested in premitosis, and rapid cell turnover with significant loss of cells at the premitotic or mitotic step, or both. Thus it seems that human esophageal epithelium grown in organ culture is a satisfactory substrate for experimentation (for example, in vitro carcinogenesis) that requires cell replication. However, there are major differences between the kinetics of esophageal epithelium in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6662549 TI - Intracellular catabolin-like activity in cultured synovial tissue. AB - The time course of the synthesis and secretion of catabolin-like activity by porcine synovial tissue was determined. Ex vivo tissue had no demonstrable activity, but short-term culture (less than 1 h) induced cellular accumulation of activity. This accumulation, which preceded secretion, was reversibly inhibited by cycloheximide. The activity was localized in the cystol fraction. PMID- 6662550 TI - Exogenous fibronectin is not required for organogenesis in vitro. AB - The biological effect of plasma fibronectin on the differentiation of embryonic mouse kidney and tooth was studied in organ cultures. Transferrin (50 micrograms/ml) was a strong mitogen for kidney cells, whereas the addition of soluble fibronectin (50 to 250 micrograms/ml) had no detectable effect on differentiation or proliferation. The same serum-free, transferrin-containing medium did not support tooth differentiation. However, fibronectin was not a necessary serum component because fibronectin-free serum supported tooth development. It was demonstrated with antibodies specific for human fibronectin that the exogenously added human fibronectin at 50 micrograms/ml did not become incorporated to the cultured organs. Only minimal incorporation to the kidney basement membrane area was observed when fibronectin concentration was 250 micrograms/ml. The mesenchymal stroma and the basement membranes of the kidney and tooth rudiments cultured in fibronectin-free media stained intensely with conventional fibronectin antibodies, indicating endogenous production of fibronectin. Outgrowing epithelial cells from isolated kidney tubules produced fibronectin as well as laminin. The results suggest that the fibronectin found in the stroma and basement membranes is an endogenous product of the developing tissues and that plasma fibronectin is not required for in vitro organogenesis. The results also indicate that it is difficult to study the effect of fibronectin on morphogenetic processes because it may not penetrate the organ explants in vitro. PMID- 6662551 TI - Establishment of two nonmetastasizing and one metastasizing rat mammary carcinoma cell lines. AB - Two continuous rat mammary tumor cell lines have been established in culture from the lymphogenously metastasizing rat mammary carcinoma TMT-081 and one from the nonmetastasizing MT-100 and some of their in vitro and in vivo characteristics studied. Cell line TMT-081-MS was established as a free-floating cell suspension from the metastasis-free spleen of a rat bearing TMT-081 in the ascites form and is characterized by a high level of mammary tissue specific antigen (MTA), an antigen present on lactating or hormonally stimulated rat mammary tissues but not detected on normal mammary tissue. This line metastasizes in the syngeneic host but is rejected by the nude mouse without metastases. Cell line TMT-081-NM is a line derived from the ascites of a rat also bearing TMT-081 ascites. Cell line MT 100-TC is a line derived from the ascites of a rat bearing the ascites form of MT 100. Neither TMT-081-NM nor MT-100-TC has ever shown metastases in the syngeneic host but they are lethal; in the nude mice they grow rapidly, are lethal, and sometimes show hematogenous metastases. Both grow in small clusters and show a low level of MTA. These cell lines have been in continuous culture for a year and have proliferated and maintained their individual in vitro and in vivo growth characteristics during more than 100 consecutive subcultivations. PMID- 6662553 TI - Generation of chemotactic activity in normal guinea pig serum by treatment with acid. AB - Chemotactic activity was generated in normal guinea pig serum following titration of the pH to 4 by the addition of hydrochloric acid. The process was time and temperature dependent. The chemotactic material was stable when kept at pH 4, but decayed within one or two days when the pH was raised to neutrality. Fractionation of the acid-treated serum by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration revealed two peaks of activity, one eluting with molecules larger than bovine serum albumin, the other in the 13,000 MW range. After heating the serum at 56 degrees C for 60 min no chemotactic activity could be generated by acid, while EDTA, EGTA, hydrazine and the enzyme inhibitors benzamidine, EACA, PMSF, and pepstatin, added to the serum prior to the addition of acid, had no effect. The results suggest that chemotactic factors, remarkably similar to the products of complement activation, could be generated in guinea pig serum by a mechanism differing from the classical or the alternative complement activation pathways. PMID- 6662552 TI - Proliferation of a highly androgen-sensitive ductus deferens cell line (DDT1MF-2) is regulated by glucocorticoids and modulated by growth on collagen. AB - Proliferation of the hamster ductus deferens cloned tumor cell line (DDT1MF-2) in monolayer culture is markedly stimulated by androgens in a dose dependent fashion. Furthermore, growth on collagen confers upon these cells a greater dependence on this class of hormones, such that testosterone (10 nM) induces a 15 fold elevation in cell number compared to controls. Addition of either dexamethasone (10 nM) or triamcinolone acetonide (TA; 10 nM) dramatically blocks this stimulation by reversibly arresting the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle as assessed by flow cell cytometry. Associated with the decreased growth rate is a change from a rounded to a more flattened morphology that may also implicate cell shape in the regulation of proliferation. These steroid effects presumably are mediated through specific receptor proteins for which dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and TA bind with equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) of 0.3 and 1.0 nM, respectively. Moreover, not only do androgens increase growth rate but treatment with 1 nM [3H]DHT also results in an elevation in androgen receptor concentration from 1.6 to 3.6 f mol/micrograms DNA in 7 h. Simultaneous treatment with 10 nM TA, however, reduces this increase by 53%. Inasmuch as neither progesterone nor estradiol-17 beta display similar inhibitory activity, this effect also seems to be glucocorticoid specific. These observations may be important in elucidating the mechanism of androgen action and should provide some insight into the role of glucocorticoids in regulating the growth of androgen dependent tissues. PMID- 6662555 TI - Electron microscopy of rat thymus chromatin in hypotonic & isotonic nuclear spreads. PMID- 6662554 TI - Improved monocyte cytotoxicity test. AB - A micro-modification of the two-colour monocyte cytotoxicity test (MCTT) is described. It employs exclusively adherent monocytes for staining, sensitizing and labeling instead of monocyte suspensions. Thereby unspecific cytotoxicity is decreased while sensitivity and specificity of the test are improved. As a micro technique, this modification of the MCTT is useful for antibody screening as well as antigen definition. PMID- 6662556 TI - Immunogenicity of sheep pox virus propagated in sheep kidney tissue culture cells. PMID- 6662557 TI - Immunogenetic profile of some erythrocyte antigens in cattle: Part II--Genetic architecture of complex blood groups of Indian cattle. PMID- 6662558 TI - Histological & ultrastructural studies on the effect of vitamin A depletion & subsequent repletion with vitamin A on germ cells & Sertoli cells in rat testis. PMID- 6662559 TI - Seminal plasma constituents & serum testosterone levels of vasectomized men. PMID- 6662560 TI - Isolation, purification & pharmacodynamics of a toxin from the venom of the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes dehaani Brandt. PMID- 6662561 TI - Characterization of a plant virus inhibitor from two Solanum species. PMID- 6662562 TI - Tuberculosis in the frog Rana tigerina (Daud). PMID- 6662563 TI - Release of cardiac antigens by streptolysin O. PMID- 6662564 TI - Gastric acid secretion in compensated and decompensated cirrhosis of liver. PMID- 6662565 TI - Single layer versus two layer intestinal anastomosis--an experimental study. PMID- 6662566 TI - Retinal sensitivity in amblyopia. PMID- 6662567 TI - Colour perimetry (normal red colour field). PMID- 6662568 TI - Static perimetry in glaucoma--an evaluation. PMID- 6662569 TI - Changes in pterygium. PMID- 6662570 TI - Berberine: an indigenous drug in experimental herpetic uveitis. PMID- 6662572 TI - Ascorbic acid concentration in developing human fetal vitreous humor. PMID- 6662571 TI - Relationship of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase with structural development and growth of human fetal cornea. PMID- 6662573 TI - Aberrant fistula of the lacrimal gland. PMID- 6662574 TI - Acquired double depressor palsy. PMID- 6662575 TI - Glass membrane in anterior chamber. PMID- 6662576 TI - Sjogren's syndrome in association with retinitis pigmentosa--report of an unusual case. PMID- 6662577 TI - Conjunctival tuberculosis of endogenous origin associated with miliary tuberculosis. PMID- 6662578 TI - Arhinencephaly unilateralis. PMID- 6662579 TI - Medical management of glaucoma. PMID- 6662580 TI - Effect of tobacco chewing by mothers on placental morphology. PMID- 6662581 TI - Myocardial ischaemia following birth asphyxia. PMID- 6662582 TI - Clinical and serological evaluation of live measles vaccine in India. PMID- 6662583 TI - Evaluation of the Minolta Jaundice Meter as a screening device in Indian babies: a preliminary communication. PMID- 6662584 TI - H-Y antigen and karyotypic analysis in patients with abnormal sexual differentiation and development. PMID- 6662586 TI - Hydatid cyst of orbit. An unusual cause of proptosis. PMID- 6662585 TI - Perinatal mortality in south east Rajasthan. PMID- 6662587 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis. PMID- 6662588 TI - Craniosynostosis--Crouzon's disease and Apert syndrome. PMID- 6662589 TI - Niemann-Pick disease. PMID- 6662590 TI - Protracted diarrhea. PMID- 6662591 TI - [Experience with a simple form for the evaluation of surgical risk due to nutritional status]. AB - The diagnosis and determination of the nutritional status for the evaluation of a surgical risk is achieved on the basis of a simple documentation scheme: The aim of the presented study was the characterization of this specific check-up protocol to find out the usefulness and applicability of this scheme and its value for the recognition of the nutritional status as one of the factors determining the outcome of surgical patients. The results show that this simple procedure allows an equivalent ranging of patients in different classes of nutrition related states as the highly sophisticated, time, costs and staff consuming protocols which were published to define nutritional states in the last years. When the exact and differentiated status is not necessary the simple protocol gives the same information to judge the possible risk by nutritional deficiencies as the complicated protocols. PMID- 6662592 TI - [New nutritional index for preoperative evaluation of malnutrition as a risk factor in surgery]. AB - In a retrospective trial preoperative anthropometric and biochemical dates of 72 cancer patients were measured. All patients underwent a major surgical resection. Discriminant analysis and a computer-based stepwise regression procedure were used to identify the most important variables. It was able to compute a linear predictive model of 7 variables, called Nutritional Index, relating risk of operative mortality to preoperative nutritional status. In a prospective control trial it was possible to confirm the predictive value of the Nutritional Index by nutritional assessment of 204 surgical patients undergoing a major surgical procedure. This Nutritional Index provides a quantitative classification in surgical patients at high, low and without increased risk of nutritionally based complications. PMID- 6662593 TI - [Preoperative phase of limited normovolemic hemodilution]. AB - In 35 cases, the attempt is made to present hemodilution as an appropriate means of hepatitis prophylaxis and blood sparing in patients having to undergo selective orthopedic or oral surgery. Especially in hospitals which cannot afford the expensive methods of autotransfusion, this method which is easy to perform from the technical and practical point of view offers a possibility of markedly reducing the transfusion rate of whole blood. Taking into account possible contraindications, this method is to be considered in all patients undergoing selective surgery where the general condition of the patient is sufficient and a blood loss of 1000-1500 ml is not exceeded. PMID- 6662595 TI - Bringing the computer to clinical information tasks. PMID- 6662594 TI - [Clinical aspects of oxalate metabolism]. AB - The daily amount of oxalate in normales is formed by about 90 per cent from endogenous sources. Approximately 10 per cent are due to intestinal absorption of dietary oxalate. The oxalate formed endogenously is derived from aminoacid-, carbohydrate- and ascorbic acid metabolism. Oxalate synthesis is increased in inherited defects of enzymes (primary hyperoxaluria) or as a consequence of exogenous factors (vitamin-B6-deficiency, ethylene glycol intoxication, high dose ascorbic acid application, possibly excessive protein and carbohydrate intake). The intestinal absorption of oxalate is increased in some diseases of the intestinal tract (Morbus Crohn, ulcerative colitis). Oxalate, that is totally excreted in urine, is the principal component for urinary calcium oxalate saturation. Oxalate accumulates in renal failure. The increased plasma oxalate level - as a consequence of impaired renal function and additional metabolic influences - is an important factor for calcium oxalate depositions in uremic patients. PMID- 6662596 TI - ESMIS--a computer-based emergency medical services management information system. Part 1: Design procedure. AB - This paper investigates the problem of how an emergency case is taken care of from its location until the time the case reaches an emergency medical center or a hospital. The result of this investigation is an on-line Emergency Medical Services Management Information System (ESMIS). ESMIS is implemented using the TOTAL database management system. Part 1 outlines, in general, the steps of the ESMIS design procedure and concentrates on one step, namely the specification of ESMIS outputs. PMID- 6662597 TI - The relative influence of temperature and humidity on cutaneous function in Bos indicus and Bos taurus females. PMID- 6662598 TI - Thermal adaptability of large white pigs in the tropical environment. PMID- 6662599 TI - Effects of negatively charged aerosol on blood and cerebrospinal fluid parameters in rats. PMID- 6662601 TI - Isolation and characterization of anti-neoplastic sturgeon factors. AB - Sephadex G-200 column chromatography was utilized to isolate three anti neoplastic compounds (A, B and C) from sturgeon sera which were cytotoxic for human tumor cells but would not kill normal cells in vitro. Furthermore, it was found that most of the sturgeons studied produced one or more of these same compounds. Immunoadsorbent techniques were utilized to further purify and isolate the three factors in larger quantities. When these immunoadsorbent purified factors were studied by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, factors A and C consisted of only 2 protein bands with molecular weights slightly greater than 68,000 and factor B consisted of 8 - 10 protein bands with molecular weights ranging from 30,000 to approximately 70,000. Factor A was not destroyed by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min and appears to kill tumor cells by binding to the target cells. Factor B also was not destroyed by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min. However, this factor differs from factor A in that it did not kill by binding to the tumor cell. Instead, it appears that a soluble factor is responsible for the cytotoxic effects observed with factor B. Factor C is destroyed by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min and this factor kills the tumor cells by binding to the target cells. These factors were also examined for their ability to enhance macrophage mediated cytotoxicity. Sturgeon factors A and B enhance macrophage mediated cytotoxicity whereas factor C has no effect on the ability of normal human macrophages to kill human tumor cells. PMID- 6662602 TI - The fine page. Subcutaneous fat necrosis, pancreatitis, and arthropathy. PMID- 6662600 TI - Effects of immunological adjuvants on the mouse complement system. I. The inability of the polyanion heparin to act as an adjuvant is paralleled by inefficient alternative complement pathway inhibition. AB - Interference with hemolytic complement activity by polyanionic substances was studied in relation to the ability of these compounds to act as an adjuvant for a dead listeria vaccine. Heparin appeared a poor inhibitor of the mouse alternative pathway not only in contrast to its effects on the mouse classical and the human classical and alternative pathways, but also when compared to two polyanions with known adjuvant activity: dextran sulfate and suramin. For the three polyanions mentioned a correlation between adjuvant activity and mouse alternative pathway inhibition was observed. These findings suggest a possible causal relationship between interference with alternative complement pathway activation and adjuvant activity. PMID- 6662603 TI - Symptomatic neurosyphilis. AB - We observed 24 patients with symptomatic neurosyphilis. Of these 24 patients, nine had clinical manifestations of general paresis, seven tabetic neurosyphilis, five meningovascular neurosyphilis, one taboparetic, one tabomeningovascular, and one spinal neurosyphilis. Confusion, disorientation, lancinating pain, impaired memory, and bizarre behavior were the most prevalent symptoms. Sensitivity of the CSF FTA-ABS test was higher (96%) than that of the CSF VDRL test (79%). CSF cell count and total protein determination may be inadequate for assessing activity of neurosyphilis. PMID- 6662604 TI - Membranous glomerulopathy and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children. AB - Histological examination of renal biopsies in 64 Neapolitan children aged 13 months to 14 years who presented with nephrotic syndrome or persistent hematuria and/or proteinuria revealed membranous glomerulopathy (M.G.) in 14. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in the serum of 9/14 children with M.G. and in 1/14 children in an age and sex matched control group. The prevalence of HBsAg positivity in the M.G. children suggests a relationship between HBV infection and the disease. The high prevalence of males in HBsAg positive M.G. children suggests that males have an increased risk of contracting M.G. The absence of chronic liver disease in 8/9 HBsAg positive M.G. patients, and the lack of correlation between the clinical manifestations of kidney disease and the rate of HBV replication indicate that different mechanisms underlie the hepatic and renal pathologies. PMID- 6662605 TI - Hemolytic uremic syndrome; treatment with plasma, vitamin E and cod liver oil. AB - A 21 month old male child with severe hemolytic uremic syndrome was treated with peritoneal dialysis and a two blood volume exchange transfusion. As renal function had recuperated and platelet count had risen to 393,000/mm3, ,neurological deterioration occurred and complete blindness developed. A complete recovery was observed with a treatment regimen made of fresh frozen plasma, vitamin E and cod liver oil. PMID- 6662606 TI - Blood pressure of infants of hypertensive mothers: a two-year follow-up. AB - This study was designed to determine if the blood pressure (BP) of infants in the first two years of life relates to the presence of maternal hypertension during pregnancy. The BP of infants was measured at birth, and at 9, 18, and 24 months after delivery. Women with elevated BP in pregnancy or labor (n = 190) were enrolled as cases. Two-hundred-and-one normotensive women served as controls. The cases were divided according to the time BP became elevated, i.e., before or after 24 weeks of pregnancy, and intrapartum only. The largest of the case groups was hypertensive intrapartum only. A minority of the case mothers had proteinuria in association with elevated BP. There were no differences in BP between case and control infants at bith or at 9 and 18 months of age. However, by 24 months of age, the systolic BP of the infants of case mothers was higher (p less than .05) than that of the infants of control mothers. No differences in systolic BP could be attributed to the time of onset of maternal hypertension. PMID- 6662607 TI - Acute urinary retention: a rare onset sign of ovarian cystic teratoma. AB - A rare case of sudden urinary retention due to a mature cystic teratoma of the left ovary in a previously asymptomatic adolescent girl is reported. PMID- 6662608 TI - Domiciliary physiotherapy for old people who have fallen. AB - One hundred patients aged 65 and over who had recently fallen were allocated to a short or a long course of domiciliary physiotherapy. Mobility, gait and balance were measured before, and 2 and 4 months after, completion of treatment. Falls occurred in fewer than one-half of the patients following treatment, and improvement in mobility and balance was recorded in one-third to one-half of patients. There was no difference in outcome between patients treated for short or for longer periods. If domiciliary physiotherapy is beneficial in this type of patient no advantage is conferred by prolonging the course of treatment. PMID- 6662609 TI - Clinical measurements of joint motion and position in the neutral-zero method and SFTR recording: basic principles. AB - The SFTR method of recording joint motion and position in the internationally accepted neutral-zero method provides a truly international system avoiding confusion of language and terminology. It allows one to record and read data in one way only, thus facilitating communication. It is short, precise, easy to learn and suitable for computer use. It also allows recording of strength of agonist and antagonist muscles. PMID- 6662610 TI - Living with an amputation: the patient. AB - The findings of a study of 134 single-leg amputees are presented, comparing those who had recently lost a leg with others who had worn prostheses for 1-2 years. Social isolation, psychological risk and felt need were the principal indicators of level of adjustment selected. On none of these measures did experienced prosthesis-wearers show any appreciable improvement over amputees in the early stages of prosthetic rehabilitation. Severe social isolation was present in both groups, and seemed to inhibit the declaration of needs. The persistence of peripheral vascular disease was predictive of poor rehabilitation outcome. PMID- 6662612 TI - Psychiatric rehabilitation. PMID- 6662611 TI - Driving after stroke. AB - Stroke patients were compared with "normal" drivers. On public roads stroke patients exhibited special difficulty in entering and leaving motorways and handling traffic at roundabouts. On private roads stroke patients were relatively unaware of other vehicles, exhibited difficulty in reversing, had difficulty in doing two things at once in an emergency and had difficulty in placing their car accurately on the left. Analysis revealed variables that might be used to rate stroke patients on their driving skills. PMID- 6662613 TI - Drugs in paediatric rehabilitation. PMID- 6662614 TI - Psychosocial intervention as part of the rehabilitation after a myocardial infarction. AB - Myocardial infarction can have serious psychological as well as physical effects. Psychotherapy has been demonstrated to be of value in a number of studies, especially in patients who were anxious and who had a poorer physical state. Guidelines are provided for future studies. PMID- 6662615 TI - The role of exercise testing soon after acute myocardial infarction. AB - Exercise testing is a readily available form of evaluation following acute myocardial infarction, especially in the early stages of recovery. Care is necessary to exclude bad-risk patients, but 70% of patients can be included. Either a treadmill or bicycle ergometer can be used. The important prognostic variables are left ventricular function indexes, and ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 6662616 TI - Cardiovascular responses to static-dynamic work in young men, middle-aged athletes, and coronary patients. AB - The cardiovascular responses to combined static-dynamic work were measured in three groups of subjects: young men, middle-aged athletes, and coronary patients. The highest work capacity was found in the middle-aged athletes and the lowest in the coronary patients. In all instances the highest values of the rate pressure products were found in the coronary patients and the lowest in the middle-aged athletes. This study indicates that systolic blood pressure response to static dynamic work increases with age and that lifelong endurance training and being a non-smoker does not seem to alter this. PMID- 6662617 TI - Cross-country skiing in coronary patients. AB - Since 1979, 33 coronary patients have participated altogether 52 times in the Ridderrenn, a 22 km cross-country ski race for handicapped persons. No complications occurred during the races. The authors conclude that cross-country skiing as a recreational activity can be enjoyed by many coronary patients, provided that extremes of cold and high-intensity exercise are avoided. PMID- 6662618 TI - A critical period during postnatal auditory development of mice. AB - CBA/J mice were given a 50 dB unilateral conductive hearing loss by removal of the left cartilaginous external auditory meatus. When the conductive loss extended from 12 to 24 days after birth, the left globular cells and left large spherical cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus were significantly smaller (P less than 0.01) than comparable cells on the right side. Right medial nucleus of the trapezoid body cells and right inferior colliculus cells were significantly smaller (P less than 0.01) than comparable left side cells. These same effects were found with conductive losses of 4-24, 4-45, and 4-90 days after birth. There were no significant differences (P greater than 0.05) between right and left cell sizes with conductive losses of 4-12 or 24-45 days after birth. There were significant right/left cell size differences (P less than 0.01) when the conductive loss was 4-18, 12-18, or 18-24 days, but these differences were of lesser magnitude than when the conductive loss included the full 12-24 day period. Since normally all these neurons have adult soma size by postnatal day 12, it is evident that adequate acoustic stimulation is necessary between 12 and 24 days postnatally in order to maintain normal brainstem auditory neuronal size in CBA/J mice. PMID- 6662619 TI - Epithelial migration on the tympanic membrane of children. AB - An ink-dot staining technique was used to determine the pattern and rate of epithelial migration in children with normal tympanic membranes. Epithelial migration was observed to occur in a predominantly postero-superior direction. The mean daily rate of migration was 131 micron per day, being at its greatest in the region of the umbo. These findings are compared with those previously recorded in adults. PMID- 6662620 TI - Pass/fail criteria in screening for otitis media in children with learning disorders. AB - A group of 75 children with language/learning disorders were screened for middle ear problems using serial tympanometry and otoscopy. Using a fail criterion of 200 mm H2O for tympanometry, 68% of the ears identified as pathological by otoscopy were identified by two serial tympanometry screens. The concurrence of otoscopy and serial tympanometry indicated a failure rate of 18% of the ears tested. It is concluded that for children in special populations, such as those with language/learning disorders, who may need careful monitoring for identification of middle ear problems, a combination of otoscopy and a single test of tympanometry may improve the reliability of screening programs. PMID- 6662621 TI - Clinical features of female heterozygotes in the X-linked mixed deafness syndrome (with perilymphatic gusher during stapes surgery). AB - A new pedigree with 9 obligate and 10 probable female carriers of the X-linked mixed deafness syndrome is presented. In the male the syndrome is characterized by a perilymphatic gusher during stapes surgery, a severe progressive mixed hearing loss and lack or strong reduction of vestibular responses. Four of the 9 obligate heterozygote females show similar but much milder audiological abnormalities. The other five obligate female carriers have a normal audiogram. None of the obligate female carriers showed vestibular abnormalities such as observed in the affected males. Ten females, sisters of affected males, have a chance of 50% to be heterozygote carriers. Five of these females have also a hearing loss, the other 5 have normal audiograms. The relevance of these findings for genetic counseling and for identification of affected males is discussed. PMID- 6662622 TI - Localization of gallium in tumor cells. Electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and analytical ion microscopy. AB - The incorporation of gallium in tumor cells in vitro and in solid tumors was studied with electron microscopy and two microanalytical techniques. It was thus possible (1) to directly prove that gallium is concentrated in lysosomes of tumor cells; (2) to demonstrate that in these lysosomes, gallium is precipitated with phosphorus; and (3) to propose a mechanism of gallium concentration in tumor cells; in this mechanism, the accumulation of gallium as phosphate salts in lysosomes is directly related to the acid phosphatase activity of these organelles. PMID- 6662623 TI - Synthesis and in vivo studies of the radiosensitizer 4-[82Br]bromomisonidazole. AB - [82Br]Misonidazole ( [82Br]MISO) was investigated as a potential agent for scintillation imaging and indexing of hypoxic areas in tumor masses. [82Br]MISO was prepared by irradiating samples of Br-MISO in a SLOWPOKE reactor for 2 h at a thermal neutron flux of 10(12) n cm-2 s-1. Radiochemical yields ranged from 11 to 16%. [82Br]MISO had a plasma clearance half-life of approximately 40 min in BALB/c mice bearing EMT-6 tumors. The major metabolic product was identified as [82Br]Desmisonidazole. [82Br]MISO showed relatively high tumor uptake and persistently high plasma levels. PMID- 6662624 TI - Preparation and evaluation of radioiodinated phenylpiperazines as adrenomedullary imaging agents. PMID- 6662625 TI - Detection of antibody made in rabbits to the C3HBA adenocarcinoma of mice using a Protein-A binding assay. PMID- 6662626 TI - The uptake of iodinated free fatty acids in the (ischemic) dog heart. Indications for a dual uptake mechanism. PMID- 6662627 TI - Uptake of ruthenium-labeled transferrin in healing wounds. PMID- 6662628 TI - Ovarian imaging with [131I]HCG. PMID- 6662629 TI - Indications and results of extra-intracranial arterial bypasses. AB - 410 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA), prolonged reversible neurologic deficits (PRIND), progressive and completed strokes were treated surgically with a superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery-extra intracranial arterial bypass (STAMCA EIAB). Angiography and echo-flow-scans showed 92% of these grafts to be patent. Ninety-three patients suffered from TIA's, 57 from PRIND, 21 from progressive strokes, and 239 from completed strokes. In 53-70% of the 239 patients with completed strokes, there was improvement or complete regression of the neurological symptoms, following an EIAB. The mortality and morbidity rates were low. We believe that the clinical indications for EIAB include: TIA, PRIND and completed strokes (at an appropriate time after the event). Contraindications are: cerebral ischemia at the acute edema stage, advanced intracranial small vessel occlusive disease, completed stroke without any tendency to improvement, multiple vascular processes, severe static neurological deficits of long duration, serious cardio-vascular and pulmonary diseases, including long-standing hypertension. PMID- 6662630 TI - The De Vega annuloplasty as surgical treatment for tricuspid incompetence. AB - Seventy-six patients with tricuspid insufficiency associated with other valvular lesions underwent De Vega annuloplasty. There were mitral lesions in 74 patients, aortic valve lesions in eight and atrial septal defects (ASD) in four. The radiographic and electrocardiographic findings and hemodynamic data are reported for 66 patients. Replacement of one or two valves was performed in 56 patients, one or two valves commissurotomy in 21 and closure of the ASD in four. The immediate postoperative mortality was 19.7%. Forty-four patients were followed from six to 59 months. There were three late deaths and clinical conditions were improved in all the survivors except one who presented mitral restenosis. Discrete residual tricuspid incompetence occurred in 11 patients (25%). We conclude that the De Vega annuloplasty is the treatment of choice for functional tricuspid incompetence. PMID- 6662631 TI - Long-term evaluation of allograft aorta and valve replacement. AB - A technique for the management of dissecting aortic aneurysm with aortic valve insufficiency, using allograft replacement and coronary artery reimplantation is presented. The author's experience is based in 56 allograft valve implantations. The softness of the biological material facilitates the coaptation between the valve and an often irregular, calcified bed, as well as reimplantation of coronary arteries. Allograft transplantation produces an immunological response, but this has no notable clinical significance. Long-term results are very satisfactory. Cases of endocarditis, cusp rupture and severe calcification have not been observed. PMID- 6662632 TI - Ulnar artery aneurysm of the hand. AB - A case of traumatic ulnar artery aneurysm is presented in this study, and the relationship between the various forms of ulnar artery aneurysm and the different methods of treatment, as well as the arterial implications are discussed. The individual palmar arch anatomy may indicate and influence the choice of management technique, in each case. PMID- 6662634 TI - Early results of proximal gastric vagotomy in perforated duodenal ulcer. AB - The author examines 30 cases of perforated duodenal ulcer, treated by simple closure of the perforation and highly selective gastric vagotomy, and reviews the literature. He compares the results with those obtained by truncal vagotomy with drainage, vagotomy with antrectomy and partial gastrectomy and finds both morbidity and mortality to be lower with highly selective vagotomy. The recurrence rates reported are between 0 and 6.4%. PMID- 6662633 TI - The double balloon cannula in the treatment of ruptured abdominal aneurysms. AB - Two cases of ruptured abdominal aneurysm were successfully treated, using the double balloon cannula, which was devised in our surgical department. After cross clamping of the descending thoracic aorta and both common iliac arteries, a small incision was made in the aneurysm and the cannula was inserted through this incision into the lumen of the abdominal aorta and positioned at the proximal end of the aneurysm. Then the double balloon was inflated, blocking the blood flow just above the aneurysm. The aneurysm was incised, and grafting was performed, in the usual manner, in a bloodless surgical field. The double balloon cannula was beneficial not only in preventing massive blood loss during surgery, but also in maintaining the blood supply to various abdominal organs. PMID- 6662636 TI - Chronic spondyloarthropathy mimicking abdominal disease. AB - Chronic spondyloarthopathy is a very common disease in the elderly. Its more common symptoms are pain in the waist, sluggishness and stiffness. Sometimes, however, it presents with the symptoms of abdominal disease. In a six year period, we observed 4,172 patients with several surgical diseases. Attentive clinical and laboratory studies of these showed that 112, who presented with abdominal symptoms, in fact, had chronic spondyloarthropathy. These cases are reported here with a brief discussion of the treatment and results. PMID- 6662635 TI - Intussusception of the appendix. AB - Four new cases of appendiceal intussusception are reported bringing the total of reported cases to about 150. The correct diagnosis is rarely made either in acute or chronic cases. If the diagnosis is made intraoperatively, unnecessary right colon resection can be avoided as appendectomy with a small margin of cecal wall is all that is indicated. PMID- 6662637 TI - Simplified management of operative wounds by early exposure. AB - Of a total of 3,674 surgical wounds, 2,525 were treated by the early exposure method, i.e. the wounds were left undressed from the first postoperative day. The incidence of wound infection was 1.7% in clean wounds and 7.9% in clean contaminated wounds. The acceptance of the method by the patients was evaluated by questionnaire on a random sample of 100 patients. The response was overwhelmingly in favor of the method. It is submitted that the usually postulated indications for dressings (protection, prevention of contamination, absorption, compression and stabilization/immobilization) do not obtain after the first 24 postoperative hours. The hospitalized patient is not exposed to trauma, the risk of contamination is low, body hygiene can be resumed earlier and the need for pressure-dressings or splinting is negligible in general surgery. Dressings are expensive, time-consuming, often interfere with breathing and cause discomfort. They are unnecessary on a clean wound after 24 hours. PMID- 6662638 TI - Low-dose heparin prophylaxis and postoperative wound hematoma. AB - In a randomized study, 124 patients, undergoing abdominal hysterectomy, were examined for postoperative wound hematoma after receiving low-dose heparin or heparin-dihydroergotamin (DHE) prophylaxis. Different sites of injection were chosen, with or without subcutaneous administration of thrombin at the end of surgery. The postoperative incidence of wound hematoma was not improved by subcutaneous thrombin administration. There was no difference between the two types of prophylaxis. When heparin or heparin/DHE was injected in the upper arm, however, fewer hematomas were found than after injection in the abdominal region. Investigations of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems showed no difference between the two types of prophylaxis and injection site. The administration of thrombin did not cause intravascular activation of the coagulation system. PMID- 6662639 TI - Autogenous vein graft to restore ureteric continuity in dogs. AB - Free, autogenous vein segments were grafted to restore continuity of partially excised ureters in 12 mongrel dogs. Shortening and stricture formation of the vein graft occurred over the following four weeks. There was external adhesion around the graft but no urinary leakage, pooling or fistula. Intubation of the graft maintained patency but shortening occurred. Once the tube was removed, stricture formation and complete obliteration of the lumen of the graft occurred over the following few weeks. Prolonged splinting by biologically inert material may facilitate luminal patency and urothelial lining of the fibrous remnant of the venous graft. Gradual shortening of the graft eventually allows end-to-end anastomosis, without tension, as a second stage procedure. PMID- 6662640 TI - Abdominal pregnancy following total hysterectomy. AB - This paper reports a case of ectopic abdominal pregnancy following total hysterectomy and reviews the literature. Pregnancy following total hysterectomy is a rare event. Ectopic pregnancy following supracervical hysterectomy can be explained in view of the remaining patent cervical canal. In cases of total hysterectomy (abdominal or vaginal) two important factors to be considered are the persistence of a fistulous tract from the vaginal apex to the peritoneum and the prolapse of the fallopian tube into the vagina, creating a patent tract for spermatozoa. As long as some ovaries remain, the possibility of ectopic pregnancy must be entertained in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in a female. PMID- 6662641 TI - Genital clear cell adenocarcinoma. AB - Genital clear cell adenocarcinoma is a rare cancer in young women related to prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES). From the Diethylstilbestrol Registry, an analysis of 57 cases of genital clear cell adenocarcinoma is presented from the state of California, the most populous state in the United States. Approximately two-thirds of these patients have positive histories of prenatal diethylstilbestrol exposure. The majority of patients had early-stage genital cancer. Generally, early-stage clear cell cancer is successfully treated with radical pelvic surgery. A carefully structured screening program of the DES exposed patient is advised. PMID- 6662642 TI - Sarcoma of the uterus: a ten-year experience. AB - Nine cases of sarcoma of the uterus treated during the last ten years are reported. Histology showed three of these to be mixed Mullerian sarcomas, five leiomyosarcomas and one rhabdomyosarcoma. Difficulties in preoperative diagnosis and modes of therapy are discussed. The findings are correlated with those of other authors and ways to improve survival are stressed. PMID- 6662643 TI - Fractures of the upper-third of the tibial shaft. AB - Thirty-eight cases of upper tibial shaft fractures were studied. These formed 9.16% of the total 415 cases of tibial shaft fractures, in the present series. The fractures were mainly found in adults, due to high energy trauma and oblique and spiral in nature. 63.16% were simple and 36.84% compound fractures. Twenty eight cases (73.68%) showed evidence of delayed and non-union, after primary conservative treatment of standard 12 weeks duration, and required secondary conservative or surgical treatment. The average time required for fracture union was ten weeks after the second line of treatment, and least in the surgically treated group who underwent open reduction, bone graft and plate fixation. Possible factors explaining the high rate of delayed union and non-union in fractures of this region of the tibial shaft are disparity in size of the fractured fragments, proximity of the fracture site to the knee joint, attachment of the popliteus and soleus muscles to the upper popliteal surface of the tibia, disruption of the main nutrient artery of the tibia in the upper third of the shaft. Further experimental observation, offering a new subject for future study, is necessary to establish the causes. PMID- 6662645 TI - Bilateral chylothorax associated with sclerosing mediastinitis. AB - A 14-year-old female developed a sequential bilateral chylothorax from a complication of idiopathic mediastinal fibrosis. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been a published report of idiopathic mediastinal fibrosis followed by chylothorax. The recurrent bilateral chylothorax was treated successfully with a closed thoracostomy. PMID- 6662644 TI - Mucoepidermoid tracheal adenoma during pregnancy. AB - A 30-year-old, 36-week pregnant, female was admitted to the hospital with progressive "asthma" and wheezing. She was markedly dyspneic and unable to lie down or to sleep for periods over an hour. Bronchoscopy demonstrated an endobronchial tumor just above the carina. Following ventilating tracheal bronchoscopy with dilatation of the trachea and establishment of an airway through the tumor, a cesarean section was performed with resultant delivery of a healthy, female, infant. A partial abruptio placentae was noted. Under the same anesthetic, a right posterior lateral thoracotomy with resection of the tracheal tumor was performed. Preoperative and operative considerations are described. PMID- 6662646 TI - Aorto-intestinal fistula after reconstructive arterial surgery. AB - In a group of 184 patients with synthetic, arterial bifurcation grafts, we have performed 16 operations for distal anastomotic pseudo-aneurysms and 11 for proximal anastomotic pseudoaneurysms. Four of the latter were encountered in three patients and took the form of aorto-intestinal fistulae. Excision of the arterial prosthesis, suture of the intestinal orifice and insertion of a new extra-anatomic bypass seems to be the treatment of choice. However, excision of an aortobifemoral prosthesis and replacement in situ with a new prosthesis or even suture of the aortic fistula with a patch represent acceptable treatment in certain particular situations. PMID- 6662647 TI - Rupture of gastroduodenal artery aneurysm into the portal vein. AB - Aneurysms of the gastroduodenal artery are very rarely observed. Rupture occurs in about 60% of cases and is usually associated with gastroduodenal bleeding. A case of rupture into the portal vein and secondary portal hypertension is presented. The combined use of computed tomography (CT scan) and selective visceral angiography was very useful for the diagnosis. PMID- 6662648 TI - Distribution of blood groups of the ABO system in patients with urolithiasis. AB - The relationships between urolithiasis, ureterolithiasis and blood groups have been analysed. The examinations of 1451 women and 1611 men confirmed the occurrence of statistical relationships of blood groups A, AB and 0 and those diseases. They did not occur in blood group B. Urolithiasis incidence rate was similar in men and women. The highest morbidity rate fell on the fourth decade of life in women and on the fifth decade in men. PMID- 6662649 TI - Ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy in the management of duplicated collecting system and ureterocele. AB - Ureteroceles are commonly associated with duplicated collecting systems and most often involve the ureteral orifice draining the upper pole. Obstruction, infection and parenchymal damage may result in such circumstances. Operative intervention is indicated for the preservation of renal parenchyma and the maintenance of renal function. While numerous surgical options are available in managing such situations, ureteroureterostomy is an excellent choice as it (1) avoids ureteral reimplantation and trigonal reconstruction; (2) does not require a technically difficult anastomosis; (3) avoids injury to the ipsilateral normal ureter and (4) does not risk renal injury. PMID- 6662650 TI - Ureteral duplication with a blind-ending branch. AB - Three cases of ureteral duplication with blind-ending branch are described. Clinical observations are supplemented with a survey of the literature pertaining to the statistics, embryology, method of diagnosis and treatment of this urological developmental anomaly. PMID- 6662651 TI - Surgical management of vesicoureteral reflux in children. AB - The authors report on ten years of experience in ureteroneocystostomies on 80 ureters in 50 children suffering from vesicoureteral reflux. Complete follow-up was obtained in all cases. Postoperative radiograms revealed cure of reflux in 85 per cent of the renal units. A slightly modified Politano-Leadbetter procedure was used in all of the cases. Postoperative urinary tract infection occurred in 13 patients. This relatively low success rate is discussed briefly. PMID- 6662652 TI - Biopsy of apparently normal bladder mucosa in patients with bladder carcinoma and its prognostic importance. AB - A total of 100 cold cup biopsies were obtained from apparently normal vesical mucosa of 25 patients admitted to Hacettepe University Hospital between 1980 and 1981. Dysplasia was found to occur in 40.49, hyperplasia in 17.35, squamous metaplasia in 9.91 per cent. Dysplasia was shown to be increasing parallel with the increase in the grade and stage of the tumour. The frequency of dysplasia and hyperplasia in the recurrent and non-recurrent groups differed significantly (p less than 0.001). In other words, recurrence was seen more frequently in patients with positive random biopsies. Although recurrence phenomena cannot be explained on the basis of mucosal abnormalities alone, this study shows that these subendoscopic lesions do have some prognostic role in recurrences. PMID- 6662653 TI - Internal drainage of lymphocele by a pedicled omental flap. AB - An unusual case of huge pelvic and retroperitoneal lymphocele following bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy is presented. The lymphocele was successfully managed by the procedure of internal drainage with pedicled omental flap. PMID- 6662654 TI - Zinc in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - In order to assess zinc status in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) plasma and erythrocyte zinc levels were determined in 13 patients undergoing regular haemodialysis. Additional determinations of plasma copper, plasma and erythrocyte magnesium and potassium were also performed. The mean plasma zinc level was slightly less than normal, but the difference was not statistically significant. The erythrocyte zinc content, however, as well as erythrocyte magnesium and potassium levels were significantly increased (p less than 0.001). This increase may be partly related to haemolysis in uraemia. Plasma copper concentration in CRF patients did not differ significantly from the control level. The almost normal plasma zinc concentration, elevated erythrocyte zinc, and normocupraemia do not indicate zinc deficiency in CRF patients. PMID- 6662655 TI - Study of the relationships between pericarditis and osteopathy in chronic haemodialysis. AB - Statistically significant correlations were demonstrable between the incidence of bone abnormalities due to parathyroid hyperfunction and of pericarditis in 130 patients maintained on chronic haemodialysis. Parathyroid hormone is regarded on these grounds as one of the possible factors accounting for the production of non infective uraemic pericarditis. PMID- 6662656 TI - Andrologic aspects of varicocele. AB - The changes in the spermatogram subsequent to surgery for varicocele because of infertility were examined, consideration being given to the various sperm parameters. Improvement of one parameter or more was demonstrable in 30 out of 40 surgical cases. The parameters indicative of motility showed the most marked improvement. The andrologic significance of early diagnosis is emphasized. PMID- 6662657 TI - Somatic cell genetics and gene mapping. PMID- 6662658 TI - Phagocyte--pathogenic microbe interactions. PMID- 6662659 TI - Smoking and health. The facts in Ireland. PMID- 6662660 TI - Aid to A.I.D.S. PMID- 6662661 TI - Coroary arteriography after myocardial infarction--an essential investigation? PMID- 6662662 TI - Severe hypomagnesaemia and hypocalcaemia following gentamicin therapy. PMID- 6662663 TI - Gross haematuria, the outcome of investigation in a series of 124 cases. PMID- 6662664 TI - An atypical case of abdominal actinomycosis. PMID- 6662665 TI - Postgraduate education in obstetrics and gynaecology in the U.S.A.: at the crossroads. PMID- 6662666 TI - Group therapy in family practice. PMID- 6662667 TI - A finite element model for phase change heat transfer in a composite tissue with blood perfusion. AB - This paper describes a finite element model of the thermal response of a human to extreme subfreezing environments and the transient temperature fields that are produced at specific locations within the body. This analysis includes the effects of latent heat of fusion from the liquid to the solid phase and of blood perfusion in selected tissues during the freezing process. A highly simplified physiological model is assumed. This type of analysis can be used as a predictive tool in many applications such as cryosurgery and cryopreservation of organs. The finite element model described herein has many advantages over standard numerical techniques such as finite difference methods for analyzing heat transfer problems. This method can treat very general geometries with many different tissue types, each having unique thermal properties, and unique blood perfusion and metabolic rates. This model can incorporate either convective thermal resistance at the body surface or a prescribed temperature history as a boundary condition, either of which may vary as a function of time or temperature. This analysis extends previous work by incorporating the effects of latent heat and by including a blood perfusion rate that varies with temperature in individual tissues. PMID- 6662668 TI - Fluorometric estimation of taurine in tissue extracts and biological fluids. AB - A fluorometric technique was developed to estimate taurine in tissue extracts and body fluids. Dowex-AG and Biorad-AG columns were used to separate this amino acid from other components. Interference by Glycerophosphoryl ethanolamine was removed by hydrolysis of the sample with 6N HCl. The fluorogen used was fluorescamine. PMID- 6662669 TI - Primary structure of water buffalo beta-casein tryptic and CNBr peptides. AB - The partial amino acid sequence (70%) of water buffalo beta-casein has been determined by aligning the sequences of tryptic and CNBr peptides along the polypeptide chain of bovine beta-casein. Only five amino acid substitutions are observed. Moreover, as in all the beta-caseins so far investigated, a morphine like peptide is present. PMID- 6662670 TI - Virus-specific secretory IgA antibodies as a means of rapid diagnosis of measles and mumps infection. AB - A highly sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay has been developed for the detection of virus-specific IgA antibodies in saliva obtained from infants and children. Serial saliva samples from infants and children under 3 years of age with acute measles or mumps infection, or after measles immunization, were examined for their content of virus-specific IgA antibodies. Virus-specific antibodies appeared transiently in the saliva in both illnesses and after immunization with live attenuated measles vaccine. The significance of this finding for rapid diagnosis of these infections without the necessity of drawing a blood sample is discussed. PMID- 6662671 TI - Respiratory syncytial virus. PMID- 6662672 TI - Rotavirus infection in Black and White newborns. AB - Rotavirus infection in asymptomatic Black and White newborns in maternity hospitals was studied by electron microscopy of stools. None of the 37 White and 30 (49%) of the 61 Black babies excreted rotavirus (P less than 0.0005). The high incidence of neonatal infection in Blacks, who have a low incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in infancy, suggests that neonatal infection might result in immunity. PMID- 6662674 TI - Perspectives on acute gastroenteritis in black South African infants. AB - In developing countries, gastroenteritis is the major cause of infant mortality; however, owing to inadequate laboratory facilities and personnel, little is known about the status of enteropathogenic agents, especially rotavirus. Disease patterns differ between developed and developing communities, and rotavirus plays a markedly lesser role in the overall etiology of the disease in developing than in developed countries--where it is one of the major etiological agents. This may be due to extensive exposure to rotavirus in developing communities during and soon after the neonatal period, causing inapparent or mild clinical infection that could result in immunity during the significant target age of 6 to 24 months. This immunity may have important implications for immunization. However, immunoprophylaxis should be secondary to an improvement in socioeconomic conditions. The dramatic reduction in incidence and mortality of gastroenteritis seen in the Black urban populations of Johannesburg and Cape Town was a direct result of improvements in nutrition, housing, sanitation, etc. PMID- 6662673 TI - Necrotizing enterocolitis associated with rotavirus infection. AB - Infection has been widely reported as one of the factors usually incriminated in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in a previously ischemic bowel. Gram-negative bacteria have previously been implicated as pathogens in this dangerous entity, for which neonates are at high risk. However, viral infections have rarely been reported in connection with NEC. Rotavirus was identified in the stools of two premature infants who developed the full-blown picture of NEC in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot. Both cases occurred within a period of 3 months, during the winter season. During that time, rotavirus was diagnosed in the stools of 10 other infants admitted to the NICU. The detection of rotavirus in the stools of the two premature infants with NEC observed by us strongly suggests that rotavirus should be included in the list of infectious agents associated with the development of NEC. PMID- 6662675 TI - Congenital rubella syndrome--1982. PMID- 6662676 TI - Congenital rubella in Israel following the 1978-79 rubella epidemic. AB - We conducted a retrospective survey of children who were born with congenital rubella syndrome (CR) resulting from a recent rubella epidemic. Sources of information were hospital and laboratory records and data collected in an active search for deaf children born following the epidemic and attending rehabilitation centers for the deaf (Micha). Criteria for inclusion in the survey were: 1) major clinical defects, and 2) one or more of the following positive laboratory findings--virus isolation, presence of rubella-specific IgM antibodies, or the presence of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies in children beyond the age of 1 year. Excluded from the study were 28 children with persistent HI antibodies, but without clinically detected defects. CR was identified in 45, among them 43 with deafness. Other major defects were psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, cataracts and heart defects. Transient abnormalities included encephalitis, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, intrauterine grown retardation and failure to thrive. Thirty-one mothers (70%) reported a history of clinical rubella in pregnancy, the others having experienced subclinical infection. Multiple defects were found in children born following early gestational rubella (less than 2 months); abnormalities also occurred as a consequence of rubella as late as the fifth month of gestation. PMID- 6662677 TI - Perinatal chlamydial infections. PMID- 6662678 TI - Serodiagnosis in Chlamydial respiratory infection of the newborn. PMID- 6662679 TI - Increase in laboratory-confirmed cases of herpes genitalis and neonatal herpes infections in Israel. AB - Jewish women have been considered to be at low risk for genital herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) infections. During the period 1973 to 1981, genital herpes simplex infections were laboratory confirmed in 129 cases (81 women and 48 men). Until 1976, only sporadic cases were reported to our laboratory. Since then, the number of cases has gradually increased, reaching 31 new reported cases in 1981. The age distribution was typical for a sexually transmitted disease, with the peak of infection at childbearing age (20 to 39 years). As a result, rising morbidity of neonates--due to active genital herpes virus infection in the mother during delivery--could be expected, and monitoring of high-risk pregnancies for prevention of perinatal infections was introduced. Of 14 pregnant women monitored, herpesvirus was isolated in 4 in the last week before delivery, and cesarean section was advised. In addition, during the last 3 years, neonatal herpes was confirmed in six, and suspected in three neonates whose mothers were not monitored for genital herpesvirus infection during pregnancy. PMID- 6662680 TI - Congenital absence of scalp skin and herpes simplex virus. A case report. AB - A male infant, born at 40 weeks' gestation of a 27-year-old mother, presented at delivery with three scalp lesions, 2 to 4 cm in diam, covered with necrotic tissue and devoid of hair. The infant was born by natural vertex delivery within 2 hours of membrane rupture; birth weight was 3,300 g and Apgar score 10. There were no other skin lesions, and physical and neurological examinations were normal. Herpes simplex virus Type 2 was isolated from the lesions and the mother's cervix. High titers of IgG and IgM antibodies in the serum of mother and infant indicated an intrauterine infection. The skin ulcers healed within 1 month, with gradual epithelization and formation of a hairless atrophic scar. PMID- 6662681 TI - Azlocillin in cystic fibrosis. AB - The combination of azlocillin and gentamicin or tobramycin, in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis, was evaluated. Twenty patients, 10 boys and 10 girls (mean age 13 1/2 years) who had lower respiratory tract infection with positive sputum culture for P. aeruginosa, were given azlocillin i.v. 20 mg/kg every 8 hours for 10 to 12 days. In addition, either gentamicin, 2.5 to 4 mg/kg i.v. every 12 hours, or tobramycin, 4 to 5 mg/kg i.v. every 8 hours, was given. The antibiotics were given in short-term infusions (20 minutes). Besides the antibiotic treatment, the patients received inhalation therapy, pulmonary physiotherapy, and pancreatic enzymes. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that azlocillin concentrations in serum were within therapeutic levels, and in sputum they inhibited 75% of all P. aeruginosa strains. However, in only 12 of the 52 treatment courses was Pseudomonas eliminated from the sputum. PMID- 6662682 TI - Replacement of gentamicin by amikacin as a means of decreasing gentamicin resistance of gram-negative rods in a neonatal intensive care unit. AB - The emergence of resistance in bacteria that colonize infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is of great concern and a serious therapeutic problem. During the years 1980 to 1981, continuous surveillance of bacterial colonization was carried out on 499 infants admitted to the NICU of the Beilinson Medical Center. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed on all organisms isolated. At the end of 1980 and the beginning of 1981, an increased number of gram negative rods became gentamicin-resistant. It was assumed that the discontinuation of gentamicin usage and replacement with another aminoglycoside, amikacin, would bring about a reduction in gentamicin resistance. Replacement of gentamicin by amikacin resulted in a significant decrease in gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella within 3 to 6 months. The emergence of resistant strains can be detected by surveillance methods and overcome by a change in the antibiotic regimen. PMID- 6662683 TI - Comparison between the combination of azlocillin-gentamicin and ampicillin gentamicin in the treatment of a nursery population. AB - Newborn, and particularly premature infants are prone to life-threatening infections. The combination of ampicillin-gentamicin (AM-G) has been used extensively in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Because resistant bacteria emerged, a new drug--an acylureidopenicillin, azlocillin, with a wide antibacterial spectrum--has been developed. A prospective randomized study was performed in order to evaluate the combination of AM-G vs. azlocillin-gentamicin (AZ-G). Thirty neonates received AM-G and 28 received AZ-G. Definite infection was found in 15 AM-G patients and in 10 AZ-G patients. In these patients, the antibiotic regimen was changed in six of the AM-G and in one of the AZ-G patients. In each of the two treatment groups, one very-low-birth-weight baby died due to overwhelming sepsis. In vitro sensitivity to AZ-G was higher than to AM-G, according to azlocillin blood levels obtained. Infants weighting less than 2,350 g had lower clearance and volume of distribution than did infants weighing greater than 2,350 g. The serum half-life was approximately the same in both groups. It appears to be that in the NICU, the combination of AZ-G may be more effective than the AM-G combination. PMID- 6662684 TI - Present and future use of viral vaccines in Israel. AB - Implementation of a routine immunization program is the result of the changing pattern of infectious diseases in the area, or of the availability of new vaccines against diseases of importance. Thus, on the one hand, smallpox and BCG vaccination at birth have been discontinued and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) has been added to the routine program; on the other hand, mumps vaccine, already available, is a very serious candidate for inclusion in the immunization schedule, while prevention of hepatitis A awaits an effective vaccine that is acceptable for mass use. PMID- 6662686 TI - Neonatal bacteremia. A 4-year prospective study. AB - During the 4-year period 1978-81, 14,527 neonates were born at Assaf Harofeh Hospital, including 793 (5.5%) premature infants. During the same period, 41 bacteremias were recorded, making an overall incidence rate of 2.8/1,000 live births. Thirty of the 41 bloodstream infections occurred in premature infants (incidence rate 38/1,000) and 11 in full-term infants (incidence rate 0.8/1,000). The overall case fatality rate was 19.5%, and in the premature group it was 26.7%. Aside from prematurity, the most common underlying conditions were respiratory distress syndrome and prolonged rupture of membranes. Premature infants were at much greater risk of becoming bacteremic (relative risk 47) than were full-term infants. The risk increased with a decrease in the weight of the infants. Of 43 pathogens, 31 were gram-negative (72.3%), and 11 were gram positive (25.4%). The most common of the gram-negative pathogens belonged to the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group--19 of 43 (44.2%). Among the gram-positive pathogens, Enterococcus was most common--4 of 43 (9.3%). No increased incidence of Group B Streptococcus infections was noted. The Klebsiella-Enterobacter group had by far the highest incidence in our hospital, and the bacteremia caused by these pathogens was nosocomial in nature in all but one case. PMID- 6662685 TI - Results of a program successfully combining live and killed polio vaccines. AB - Oral polio vaccine (OPV) has been used in the Gaza Strip since 1968. Although vaccine coverage had reached 80 to 90% of the infant population, the epidemiological pattern of the paralytic disease had not changed significantly as of the beginning of this study. The mean annual incidence continued to be around 10/100,000. Two outbreaks occurred, in 1974 and 1976, involving 75 and 77 children, respectively, an incidence of 18/100,000. In these two outbreaks, 34 and 50% of the affected children, respectively, received 3 to 4 doses of OPV. A serological survey done after a vaccination campaign with monovalent Type 1 vaccine showed an unexpectedly low percentage of seropositives. A parallel was found between the prevalence of diarrheal disease and vaccine failure, and a causal effect was postulated. To overcome this problem, a program of immunization was started early in 1978 combining both live and killed polio vaccines. Although cases of polio continue to appear, the incidence has been reduced to 2.4/100,000 population. In 1981, only one case was reported, in an unvaccinated child. Thus, it would seem that the new vaccination schedule combining live and killed vaccines makes eradication of polio a possibility. PMID- 6662687 TI - Bacteremia in hospitalized children. AB - Among 7,205 children hospitalized in the Pediatric Service at the Rokach (Hadassah) Hospital during 1980 and 1981, 44 were found to be bacteremic. The most common pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella and others; 52% of the isolates were gram-negative. The most common focus of infection was the respiratory tract, followed by the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. Almost half of the bacteremic children were under 2 years of age. Other data, such as predisposing conditions and mortality, and whether the bacteremias were hospital acquired, are also analyzed. All of the findings are discussed and compared to the findings from the few similar studies in the literature. PMID- 6662688 TI - Pseudomonas septicemia in childhood. AB - A 5-year study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia in children was conducted in two large hospitals. The average age of the patients was 20 months. Fourteen (93%) of the 15 patients were debilitated by underlying diseases or by a major invasive procedure. Most of the patients had received broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy prior to the development of Pseudomonas septicemia. The overall mortality was 53%. Ecthyma gangrenosum appeared in only three cases. The serotype H-11 was found in 53% of the septicemic patients, suggesting that Pseudomonas septicemia was a nosocomial disease in most of these cases. The adequate evaluation of the patient at risk, prevention, and early therapy are essential. PMID- 6662689 TI - Necrotizing enterocolitis--a 5-year experience. AB - With the increased survival of very-low-birth-weight neonates, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) represents one of the most frequent life-threatening conditions for this population. NEC was diagnosed on 24 occasions during a 5-year period (1977-81) at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot. These 24 NEC cases, confirmed by radiological, surgical or pathological findings, were analyzed in a retrospective study. The mean weight was 1,450 g and the mean gestational age 32 weeks. Only one of the affected infants was a full-term newborn. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 9.8 days. In one case, NEC developed before feedings were started. The infectious agents--most frequently gram-negative rods--were isolated from the most seriously ill babies. Cultures from blood and gastric aspirate were positive in 10 of the 12 fatal cases. No bacteria were isolated from the blood among the survivors. Rotavirus, the only viral particle detected, was diagnosed in the bloody stools of two of the infants who recovered completely. Prophylactic therapy with oral kanamycin, administered to all premature infants weighing less than 1,500 g born over a 3-year period, did not appear to have a preventive influence. The overall mortality was 50%, with no sequelae observed among survivors. The high incidence of positive cultures among fatal cases suggests that overwhelming infection played a fundamental role in the outcome. PMID- 6662690 TI - Congenital measles--1982. AB - Measles acquired in utero has a broad spectrum of illness, ranging from mild to rapidly fatal disease. We encountered two case of perinatal measles during the 1982 epidemic. In both cases the mother became febrile 4 to 5 days before admission, and a typical morbilliform rash appeared a few hours prior to delivery. Physical examination of both infants was within normal limits. They were each treated with human serum globulin (0.25 ml/kg body weight). In one of them, a maculopapular rash appeared on the neck after 5 days, which rapidly spread to all the body. No catarrhal or constitutional signs were noted. Hyperbilirubinemia occurred in both infants, requiring an exchange transfusion in one. Both were discharged in excellent condition. Viral cultures were negative in both infants, while serological studies revealed hemagglutination inhibition antibodies in rising titers. PMID- 6662691 TI - Unusual presentation of Bruton's agammaglobulinemia--Pseudomonas sepsis. AB - A case of Pseudomonas sepsis and meningitis is described in a family in which the first child died in the first year of life after a fulminant Pseudomonas sepsis. In our patient, the second son, treatment was begun immediately after admission with clinical and bacteriological signs of Pseudomonas sepsis and continued for a 4-week period. Subsequent cessation of the treatment resulted in a relapse, with meningeal involvement. After specific therapy was added for his immunologic incompetence, as well as subsequent antibiotic treatment, the patient was cured of his prolonged illness. PMID- 6662693 TI - Therapy of acute bacterial infections with cefaclor in a pediatric population: an open assessment. AB - Cefaclor, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, was given orally as a suspension to 22 infants and children with acute otitis media and or/other infections, mainly of the respiratory tract, suspected to be of bacterial origin. The drug was found to be very easily accepted by the patients, and no side effects were encountered. Most patients became asymptomatic within 48 hours. Cefaclor is active against most bacteria producing acute otitis media, including ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae, and seems to be an effective bactericidal agent in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. Caution is recommended when used in bacteremic infants who do not respond promptly to therapy, in view of the poor cerebrospinal fluid levels of the drug and the danger of meningitis. PMID- 6662692 TI - Evaluation of the impact of oral rehydration therapy on the outcome of diarrheal disease in a large community. AB - Diarrheal diseases are a serious public health problem in the Gaza Strip, being the most important cause of hospitalization in infants and responsible for about half of postneonatal deaths, Oral rehydration therapy using oral rehydration solution (ORS), a formula recommended by WHO, has been proven effective in the treatment of dehydration in acute childhood diarrhea. The availability of a well organized health service in Gaza provided an excellent opportunity to institute a large-scale project to evaluate the effectiveness of early ORS therapy in reducing diarrhea-related hospital admissions, mortality and malnutrition. A 3 year program was started in 1979, encompassing all community health centers and including intensive community education in the use of ORS. Compared with the prestudy year 1977, diarrhea-related hospital admissions were reduced by 35.3% in 1980 and 42.0% in 1981; hospital deaths from diarrheal diseases were reduced 34.4 and 37.4% in 1980 and 1981, respectively. Total deaths in the 0- to 3-year age group were reduced by 28.7% in 1980 and by 41.7% in 1981. Diarrheal mortality was reduced by 35.6% in 1980 and 53.2% in 1981. This study succeeded in establishing active community and family participation. PMID- 6662694 TI - Ultrasound and computed tomography in the diagnosis and drainage of abscesses and other fluid collections. AB - The indications, technique and results of percutaneous drainage in 20 patients with abscesses and other fluid collections are presented. Special emphasis is placed on the complementary use of ultrasound and computed tomography and the relative indications for the use of each. Of the 20 patients, 5 had hepatic abscesses, 7 had subphrenic or subhepatic abscesses, 3 had pancreatic pseudocysts and the remaining 5 had loculated fluid collections in either the abdomen or chest. PMID- 6662695 TI - Neonatal bilirubin levels and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in preterm and low-birth-weight infants in Israel. AB - Eight hundred preterm (PT) and low-birth-weight (LBW) infants, born during a period of 33 months, were examined for erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity. Each of 17 infants with G6PD deficiency was compared with the next PT or LBW infant born with normal enzyme activity. The groups were similar with respect to gestational age, birth weight, maximal weight loss, breast or formula feeding and the use of oxytocin during labor. Peak bilirubin levels were significantly higher in G6PD-deficient PT and LBW infants (11.7 +/- 1.4 vs. 9.5 +/- 2.1 mg/dl, P less than 0.001). There were no signs of frank hemolysis, and none of the patients underwent exchange transfusion. Early jaundice and the use of phototherapy were somewhat more frequent among the G6PD deficient group, but not significantly so. It is suggested that PT and LBW infants born to parents of Asian or North African origin be routinely screened for erythrocyte G6PD activity and monitored for possible jaundice. PMID- 6662696 TI - Neonatal outcome in cesarean section under general anesthesia, related to gestational age, induction-delivery and uterus-delivery intervals. AB - Neonatal outcome after cesarean section under general anesthesia was studied in 568 women in whom no prior signs of fetal distress were evident. Low Apgar 1 minute scores were not related to induction-delivery and/or to uterus-delivery intervals, which were all within the accepted safe limits, but were related to the gestational age. Thus, Apgar scores less than 7 were found in 62% of newborns whose gestational age was less than 35 weeks, but in only 17% of those greater than or equal to 35 weeks. The importance of gestational age, in addition to the induction-delivery and uterus-delivery intervals, is discussed in relation to neonatal outcome following cesarean section. PMID- 6662698 TI - Hospital admissions in Israel--1957-1980: a retrospective study. AB - Standardized admission ratios (SAR) among the total and the aged populations in Israel from 1957 to 1980 were studied in relation to a variety of explanatory variables that were classified into factors of structure, utilization, and patient socioeconomic indices. Because of a strong time correlation, residuals of the correlation between each variable and time were analyzed. The analysis revealed that the technological factor, the rate of physician-patient contacts, and the percentage of urban population proved to be the strongest variables accounting for hospitalization among the total population. Residence in a single person household emerged as the major explanatory variable for hospitalization of the aged population. PMID- 6662697 TI - Nuclear left ventriculography at rest and during atrial pacing in the evaluation of coronary artery disease. AB - This study was undertaken to examine the value of rapid atrial pacing (RAP) combined with left-ventricular nuclear (LVN) angiography in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. It included 32 patients: 12 normal subjects and 20 with clinical coronary artery disease (CAD) and greater than 50% narrowing of a coronary artery (significant CAD). The ECG and an LVN angiogram (LVNA) were recorded at rest and during graded RAP. In the normal subjects, left-ventricular wall motion was normal at rest and during atrial pacing, but a wall motion abnormality (WMA) appeared in one subject. Left-ventricular ejection fraction (EF) did not change significantly. In the 20 patients with significant CAD, the diagnostic sensitivity of the ECG during RAP was 100% and 90% for the nuclear angiogram (presence or appearance of WMA at rest and during RAP). The mean EF in this group decreased from 0.38 to 0.31. WMA on the LVNA was present in 79% of patients with significant left-anterior descending, in 44% of those with right, and in 33% of those with circumflex coronary artery disease. WMA (at rest or on pacing) occurred in 17% of patients with 50 to 89% narrowing of an artery, in 50% with 90 to 99% narrowing and in 68% with total obstructions. The LVNA (rest and/or RAP) identified patients with significant single-vessel disease, but underestimated the extent of double-and triple-vessel disease. The LVNA at rest and during atrial pacing was an excellent method of evaluating significant coronary artery disease. PMID- 6662699 TI - Strongyloidiasis in infancy. Case report and review. AB - A 15-month-old child with extreme failure to thrive due to intractable diarrhea since the age of 20 days was found to have live Strongyloides larvae in aspirated duodenal juice. Larvae were seen embedded in crypts of jejunal mucosa obtained by peroral biopsy. Following treatment with thiabendazole, a dramatic recovery ensued. The pathophysiology and clinical spectrum of strongyloidiasis is reviewed and the importance of its recognition stressed. PMID- 6662700 TI - Toxic shock syndrome in a patient with celiac disease. AB - A young woman with celiac disease presented with fever, headache, diffuse myalgia, vomiting, diarrhea and hypotension during a menstrual period in which tampons were used. The clinical picture and laboratory data were typical of toxic shock syndrome. This recently defined entity is rare outside of the United States, and has not been previously reported in a menstruating woman in Israel. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the syndrome are discussed. PMID- 6662701 TI - IgE in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6662702 TI - Hemolytic anemia as a complication of acute viral hepatitis in glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient and healthy individuals. PMID- 6662703 TI - Adverse drug reactions. PMID- 6662704 TI - Fifth International Annual Symposium of the Research Center for Implant Surgery. The surgical treatment of arthritis. 30-31 March 1983, Haifa. PMID- 6662705 TI - Longterm results of 38 knee prostheses. AB - The authors report the results obtained with 38 knee prostheses reviewed from one to 9 years after insertion and discuss the advantages and limitations of this operation relative to different types of prosthesis. Although this operation has passed the "experimental" stage it has not yet reached a stage of reliability comparable with that of hip prostheses. The sliding prostheses yielded a higher percentage of positive results (81%) than the hinged prostheses (70.5%); the latter, however, are still indicated in selected cases. Knee replacement operations are justified, however, when the only valid alternative is arthrodesis. PMID- 6662706 TI - Late sequelae of Perthe's disease (long-term follow-up of 34 hips). AB - The long-term results were studied in 31 patients (34 hips) with Perthe's disease. The patients were divided into two groups (above and below 25 years of age) in order to study the time at which the late complications become clinically and radiologically evident. The incidence of painful hip and radiological arthrosis is reported in each group in relation to age and initial grade of the disease. The significant prognostic factors were the initial severity of the disease (Types 1-3), the age at which it appeared, and the shape of the femoral head as assessed by the method of Mose. Treatment had been so varied that it was excluded as a factor in our analysis. The development of painful hip and radiological arthrosis (not always painful) only appeared to a significant extent in patients over the age of 25 at follow-up, and both were directly related to the initial grade of the disease. PMID- 6662707 TI - Kuntscher nailing in the treatment of femoral fractures in children. Is it completely contraindicated? AB - Seventeen children between the ages of 6 and 12 years with fractured femoral shafts were treated by Kuntscher nailing. They were followed up clinically and radiographically to ascertain if nailing had any long term adverse effects. The following radiographic parameters were considered: --valgus, varus angle; - distance between lesser trochanter and acetabulum; --width of the neck of the femur; --distance between greater trochanter and acetabulum; --intertrochanteric distance. On analysing the results it was found that Kuntscher nailing did not give rise to any adverse effects provided it is carried out after 8-9 years of age. PMID- 6662709 TI - Treatment of delayed union and pseudarthrosis by low frequency pulsing electromagnetic stimulation. Study of 35 cases. AB - This is a study of 35 cases of delayed union or established fibrous union ("pseudarthrosis") treated by pulsing electromagnetic stimulation. The treatment, applied up to 12 hours per day, can be carried out at home, with clinical and radiological control every 60 days. The average time of healing was 6 months. Consolidation occurred in 88.5% of cases, usually without the production of excessive periosteal callus. The method was particularly useful and effective in infected fractures, failed bone grafts, revascularisation of fragments showing signs of necrosis, and fractures with associated skin lesions. PMID- 6662708 TI - The use of Hoffmann-Vidal type mini-fixateurs. AB - The writers describe the use of miniature external fixateurs in injuries of the forearm, the wrist, the hand and the fingers. Various problems raised by the use of these fixateurs at different sites is discussed. Finally, an original application of the mini-fixateur for arthrodesis of the wrist in severe spastic cerebral palsy in mentioned. PMID- 6662710 TI - Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip. Study of 9 cases. AB - Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip is a very rare condition. The authors report 9 cases out of a total of 139 cases of pigmented villonodular synovitis of joints observed at the Rizzoli Institute in the last 35 years. They describe the clinical, radiological and pathological aspects, and discuss the problems of differential diagnosis. In particular, they discuss the indications for surgery (total synovectomy or arthroprosthesis) and the post-operative regime. PMID- 6662711 TI - Lumbar spinal stenosis and pseudostenosis. Definition and classification of pathology. AB - The concept of lumbar stenosis is defined and a classification of the diverse types is proposed. This is based on a correlation of the findings at operation with those of radiographs and axial tomography in patients with spinal stenosis or with disc hernia in a narrow spinal canal. The spinal canal can only be considered stenosed if the osseous canal is narrowed to the point at which it causes compression of the dural sac with or without nerve root involvement. Lumbar spinal stenosis can be divided into: Stenosis of the spinal canal, stenosis of the root canal, and stenosis of the intervertebral foramen. PMID- 6662712 TI - The treatment of congenital constricting bands by Ombredanne's two stage operation. Review of 13 cases. AB - The authors report their experience in the treatment of congenital constricting bands by Ombredanne's two stage operation. Fourteen bands completely encircled the limb and 2 were incomplete. The patients were followed up from 6 months to 15 years (average 3 years) and in all cases the results were excellent. The literature on the pathogenesis is reviewed. PMID- 6662713 TI - Post irradiation lesions of the brachial plexus. AB - The authors discuss the clinical and therapeutic problems of post irradiation lesions of the brachial plexus resulting from radiotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer. Twelve such cases were referred to our clinic in the 2 year period ending June 1980. The results after 2 years are reported and the literature on the subject is reviewed. Surgical treatment aimed at mobilising the nerve roots (neurolysis) is recommended, but we would stress that the best treatment is prophylactic. With more strict control of the radiotherapeutic technique, particularly with regard to the total dosage administered, it should never happen. PMID- 6662714 TI - Spinal lesions due to hyperextension in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - The authors review the literature and discuss the biomechanical aspects of extension fractures of the spine in ankylosing spondylitis and report 3 cases. They conclude that, although such lesions are rare, patients with ankylosing spondylitis who sustain such trauma must be subjected to thorough radiological examination. The milder lesions have a favourable prognosis, but those involving dislocation are extremely dangerous, both because of the frequent appearance of immediate or delayed medullary complications and because of the high incidence of pseudarthrosis. PMID- 6662715 TI - Metallic debris arising from prosthetic abrasion: investigation of biodegradation of the materials and physiopathology of the bone. AB - The authors investigated the tissue around a failed knee prosthesis which had a metal-on-metal bearing made of chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy. Histological examination and the quantitative analysis of metallic particles found in the bone marrow (by fluorescent spectrometry and laser microsound) provided a detailed picture of the quantity, nature and distribution of the wear debris. The type and nature of the tissue response to the presence of the metal particles was determined by fluorescent microscopy and microradiography. PMID- 6662716 TI - Relationship between rib hump deformity and vertebral rotation in idiopathic scoliosis. AB - The authors advance the theory that there are two distinct groups of idiopathic scoliosis, of different aetiology and with different potential for development. This is based on the relationship between vertebral rotation and wedge deformity of the vertebral bodies. The rotatory type can be identified, to a statistically significant extent, in the initial phases of thoracic scoliosis. In order to test this hypothesis, we therefore confined our study to cases in which the initial Cobb angle was less than 20 degrees. PMID- 6662717 TI - Mittelmeier hip prosthesis autopsy study 2 years after implantation. AB - A Mittelmeier hip prosthesis was removed at autopsy 2 years after implantation in a patient who was fatally injured. Macroscopic, histological, radiographic, and metrological studies revealed interesting new aspects on the remodelling of bone and the behaviour of the components of the prosthesis. PMID- 6662719 TI - Platelet satellitism in L.E. preparation. PMID- 6662718 TI - Lumbar spinal artery syndrome. Report of an unusual case. AB - The literature on the lumbar spinal artery syndrome and the anatomy of the vascular supply to the spinal cord is discussed. The authors report a case which is exceptional in that it occurred in a child aged 4 years after apparently trivial trauma. PMID- 6662720 TI - Is fibrinogen a marker of cancer progression? PMID- 6662721 TI - Adolescents in residential treatment, Hawaii, 1973-1978. PMID- 6662722 TI - [Pregnancy and ovulation inhibitors as risk factors in malignant melanoma]. PMID- 6662723 TI - [Physiopathologic aspects and clinical pictures in hyperhidrosis]. AB - Fully developed eccrine glands distributed over the entire integument are found only in man. The secretory mechanism is based on the active transport of sodium ions; water diffuses passively following the osmotic gradient. The thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamic region receives impulses from external and internal thermoreceptors and is modified by levels of hormones, by emotions, physical activity and pyrogens. Heat loss is controlled by the blood flow through the skin and by activity of eccrine glands. Thermoregulatory sweating occurs mainly on head and trunk. Emotions trigger eccrine sweating predominantly in the axillae, on palms, and soles. Generalized hyperhidrosis is mostly due to metabolic or endocrinologic disorders; in the state of acclimatization or following menopause hyperhidrosis is conceived to be physiologic. In underlying neurologic disorders hyperhidrosis follows a segmental or irregular pattern. Functional or anatomic eccrine nevi have been described. Gustatory sweating elicited by certain foods is found to be idiopathic and occurs symmetrically on the face. Subsequent to neurologic lesions (e.g., Frey's syndrome) gustatory sweating in segmental distribution may be associated with salivation and can be triggered by any foodstuff. The idiopathic localized hyperhidrosis of axillae, palms, and soles poses a frequent therapeutic problem in the dermatologist's office. Frequently, a familial predisposition is found. To what extent the disorder may be part of a general imbalance of psychovegetative functions is not yet fully understood. PMID- 6662724 TI - [Clinico-therapeutic index and dosimetry of oral treatment with aromatic retinoid. A comparison of different dosages]. AB - Computer evaluation of 70 patients with skin diseases treated with different dose schedules of oral aromatic retinoid over 3 months revealed that high initial dosage decreasing to maintenance levels, as previously recommended (75 mg leads to 50 leads to 35 mg; approximately 1 mg/kg/d leads to approximately 0.5 mg/kg/d), leads to earlier clinical response but has no further advantages compared to a low initial dose schedule (35 mg leads to 50 mg/d leads to 75 mg/d; approximately 0.5 mg/kg/d leads to approximately 1.0 mg/kg/d). After 3 months treatment, the therapeutic index was nearly the same in both groups. In the group with high initial dosage, however, the side effects also appeared earlier, were more numerous and some of them more intense. A slightly better clinical therapeutic index was found in the group of patients treated with moderate doses varying between 35-60 mg/d (approximately 0.4-0.8 mg/kg/d). According to these results, high initial dosage of retinoid seems only recommended if a rapid clinical response is required, p.e. in severe pustular psoriasis. If long-term treatment is achievable and in patients with poor compliance, low initial dosage seems preferable. For most other cases we recommend moderate constant doses (0.5 0.85 mg/kg/d), increasing or decreasing the dose according to the clinical response and the individual needs of each patient. Computer analysis showed in addition, that classical side effects such as cheilitis, desquamation and hair loss were significantly dependent among other things on the total given dose; whereas, elevations of serum triglycerides were not clearly dose-dependent, appearing more frequently in males. In females, hair loss was significantly more frequent. PMID- 6662725 TI - [Cryosurgery: method and results]. AB - To be able to fully appreciate cryosurgery at its present stage, the chronologic development with some striking characteristics is recorded, defined, and the present applicability in the various specialties explained. According to the cryobiologic principles a hypothesis is presented for the dermatologist which includes description of cell processes during freezing and the thawing procedure until cell necrosis. Consequently, a postulate for successful cryosurgery can be presented. Description is given of the various freezing agents and the instruments used, with assessment of usability of both probe systems - open system and half-open system - in dermatology. The currently required control possibilities, moulage, temperature control, histological control, and the clinical employment of the cold injury to the skin are described in their various phases. The results are exemplified, and the future utility of cryosurgery is assessed. PMID- 6662726 TI - [Unilateral linear basal cell nevus]. AB - Clinical, histopathological, electron-microscopical and cytophotometrical features of a case of linear unilateral basal cell nevus are reported. Several publications exist on basaliomas originating in a nevus verrucosus or nevus comedonicus. Our case, however, is regarded as an abortive form of the basal cell nevus syndrome due to somatic mutation. Only some few comparable cases are documented in the literature. PMID- 6662727 TI - [Subungual calcinosis in the normal nailbed of the fingers]. AB - Subungual calcifications in the normal nail bed of the digits are occasionally to be seen in elderly adults, especially women. The frequency is decreasing from the second to the fifth digit. In about 10% the subungual calcifications are combined with the same subungual calcifications of the toes. PMID- 6662728 TI - [Tarsonemus hominis in skin connective tissue]. AB - Histological examination of a skin biopsy from a 30-year-old male patient which had been performed because of a naevus-like lentigo revealed the presence of a mite within the upper part of the corium. To our knowledge, this may be the first description of such a finding. This mite was identified as a subspecies of Tarsonemus hominis Dahl. Basically, the possibility of a transport of viral material in this way cannot be excluded. PMID- 6662729 TI - [Infection with Mycobacterium marinum from an aquarium]. AB - Clinical, histological and electron microscopical findings of swimming pool granuloma in a 19-year-old soldier are demonstrated. Isolation of Mycobacterium marinum and positive tests with the "Marinum Sensitin" confirmed diagnosis. Problems of treatment are discussed. PMID- 6662731 TI - Epidemiology for nutritionists: 4. Survey methods. AB - Six methods of collecting nutrient intake amounts are described here. The main requirements to ensure the accuracy of survey data are discussed. PMID- 6662730 TI - [Green urticaria]. AB - A few minutes after a subcutaneous injection of patent blue dye, two patients developed acute urticaria with a characteristic blue green hue. PMID- 6662732 TI - Food composition tables--analytical problems in the collection of data. AB - The range of techniques available to analytical chemists is increasing steadily. Some of the recently introduced techniques are being applied to the analysis of foods in connection with the continual updating of food composition tables. These new procedures enable the analyst to provide results which give either, more information than was previously possible or, more analyses for a particular level of expenditure. The above developments and their associated problems are discussed along with some of the other problems found in the particular field of work. PMID- 6662733 TI - Daily variation in food intake of infants from 2 to 18 months. AB - This paper examines the day to day variation in energy intake of 48 breast-fed infants studied by 4-day diet records at monthly intervals from 6 weeks to 7 1/2 months and of 37 fully weaned infants studied at 10, 12, 15 and 18 months. Variation was low in the fully breast-fed infants, increased as solids were introduced, and at 18 months, approached values found for adults. Pooled within subject coefficient of variation (CVw) at 1-3, 3-5, 5-7, 10 + 12, and 15 + 18 months was 10.6, 10.6, 12.0, 13.6, 18.1 per cent. Between-subject coefficient of variation (CVb) was 20.1, 19.3, 16.9, 19.4 and 23.3 per cent at these ages. Some individuals were more variable than others; the range of CVw at each age was wide; at 2-4 and 15-18 months it was 1-21 and 6-30 per cent respectively. The number of daily records needed to assess energy intake of groups of individuals with a specified degree of confidence is discussed together with implications for the planning of dietary surveys. PMID- 6662734 TI - The dietary intakes of subjects estimated from photographs compared with a weighed record. AB - A photographic method of diet evaluation was compared with a weighed record recording method in seventeen subjects. All subjects found the method easy and acceptable though one subject failed to use the method correctly. For the others the two methods gave very similar results, the difference for no nutrient was statistically significant. PMID- 6662735 TI - A photographic method of diet evaluation. AB - A photographic method of diet assessment is described. The subject is issued with a camera and a food record book and asked to photograph all meals and record the number of the photograph and details which will not show in photographs such as the method of cooking, the use of sugar in drinks, etc. The photographs are viewed alongside previously prepared 'standard' slides which show the weights of a variety of portions of each foodstuff. A weight is given to each item and nutrient analysis is done with food composition tables. The cost of the camera is comparable to the cost of a weighing scale and the cost of film is about pounds 6 (+9) per subject per week. PMID- 6662736 TI - Daily intakes of water from various sources. PMID- 6662737 TI - Galactosaemia workshop. Report of a workshop held at Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, on 30 April, 1982. AB - A workshop on galactosaemia was held in 1982 in Liverpool, UK. The purpose of the meeting was twofold; to establish guidelines for dietary management and to consider the clinical data of affected children. Findings are reported here. PMID- 6662738 TI - [Effects and side effects of hormonal contraceptives in the region of the nose, throat, and ear]. AB - The pathomechanism of diseases in the field of oto-rhino-laryngology caused by an hormonal contraceptive therapy are presented on base of a critical literature survey. Complications of oral contraception are proved only for the oral tissue (hyperplastic gingivitis) the larynx and the eustachian tube. Otological (otosclerosis, acute deafness, slowly progressive deafness) and rhinological diseases (Rhinopathia vasomotorica) in women under oral contraception cannot be attributed exclusively to this therapy. PMID- 6662739 TI - [Tympanoplasty in children]. AB - Tympanoplasty in childhood is not always the same as in adults. This applies to the indication for the operation, to the operation itself and also to the pre- and postoperative treatment. The rapidly growing and expanding juvenile cholesteatoma offers special problems, and probably has a different cause than the slow growing pearl tumour found in adults. Traumatic cholesteatomas also give the impression of growing faster in childhood. The prognosis for tympanoplasty in cases of mesotympanic chronic otitis media must not be too optimistic because the condition of the mucosa in juveniles is different to that in adults. Pre operative treatment may take a long time and postoperative treatment may be difficult. PMID- 6662740 TI - [Postoperative treatment after ear surgery]. AB - Postoperative treatment after ear surgery is described. Disturbances of the normal healing and their treatment in the office are especially mentioned. PMID- 6662741 TI - [Fosfomycin--a new antibiotic in rhinootolaryngology]. AB - Fosfomycin is a relatively new antibiotic drug, deriving from streptomyces species. Its special chemical structure and small molecular size provide a very good diffusion into tissues like bone, fascia and wound exudates as well. In a clinical study Fosfomycin was given to 26 patients with infections mainly of the middle ear and mastoid as well as other ENT-infections. Clinical success, laboratory investigations and bacteriology are described in detail. The drug proved to be of special value in the treatment of chronic purulent otitis, purulent or chronic secreting tympanoplasties or other postoperative middle-ear affections when caused by penicillin-resistant staphylococci, proteus-species and pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the other cases treatment results were good corresponding to the bactericidal spectrum of Fosfomycin. There was one treatment failure in our series, but no reverse reaction at all. PMID- 6662742 TI - [Otogenic meningitis after skull fracture in a child (histopathologic contribution)]. AB - The temporal bone histology of a 51 year old man who died of a fulminant otogenic meningitis is presented. The patient suffered from a transverse fracture of the skull base as a child. Temporal bone histology showed an unhealed fracture through the endochondrial layer of the bony labyrinth so that a pathway from the middle ear to the inside of the skull persisted throughout life. Therapy with high doses of antibiotics did not eliminate the risk of fatal meningitis. PMID- 6662743 TI - [A case of successful dexamethasone treatment in bilateral, chronically progressive labyrinthine hearing loss]. PMID- 6662744 TI - Long term survival of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer: analysis of 1136 patients surviving for more than 5 years. AB - One thousand one hundred and thirty-six patients surviving for more than five years after radiotherapy were studied. The important prognostic factors are: lesion less than 5 cm in length, lesion located in the upper-third segment and lesion that is radiosensitive. The radiation dose given to long term survivors varies greatly, i.e., 2700 to 9300 rad. Yet, for the sensitive type of lesion, doses lower than 5000 rad could also effect a cure. The delivery of an optimum dose determined by serial examinations during radiotherapy could improve the result of treatment. For local recurrent lesions, the value of a second course of radiation is extremely limited and surgery is the only means to offer a cure. For metastasis in the lymph nodes, radiation offers some hope of cure, although the long term outcome may not be satisfactory. For second primary cancer of the esophagus, aggressive radiation still gives encouraging results. PMID- 6662745 TI - Radiotherapy versus surgery in the treatment of cervix stage Ib cancer. AB - In the years 1971-77 we have treated 250 Stage Ib patients with cancers of the cervix. One hundred twenty-three (49.2%) underwent a radical surgery, 37 had a classical Wertheim-Meigs operation, and 86 had a lymphadenectomy that was extended to the lumbar-aortic region. When feasible, all patients received postoperative radium therapy on the vaginal vault. The remaining 127 patients received a complete course of radiotherapy. This was not a randomized clinical trial. In fact surgery was preferred for patients who were younger (mean age: 49.6 years) and more physically fit, while radiotherapy was the treatment chosen for those who were older (mean age: 57.7) and generally less fit or obese. The 5 year NED survival was 89.3% in the surgical group and 90.9% in the radiotherapy group (P less than .05). Four fatal complications were observed in the surgical group (3.2%). Rate and causes of failures or complications are analyzed in detail. PMID- 6662746 TI - Radiotherapy combined with surgery as treatment for advanced cervical cancer. AB - Experience obtained in a group of 44 patients with advanced cervical cancer is reported here. In this study, patients with residual cancer underwent laparotomy eight weeks after one or two different radiotherapy protocols. Sixty-eight percent of patients underwent radical surgery, 85% of patients pelvic exenterations, and 15% radical hysterectomies. In 27% of patients, no evidence of residual cancer was found in surgical specimens. Radical surgery was well tolerated, and one-third of patients were free of disease for one year or more. Control of disease was obtained in 50% of pelvic exenterations and in 60% of radical hysterectomies, regardless of prognosis, clinical stage or radiotherapy scheme. Although results show an improvement of up to 22% when comparing this to other more conventional treatments, we have concluded that we must obtain a wider experience in order to support our findings. PMID- 6662747 TI - Adjuvant therapy for Dukes C adenocarcinoma of colon. AB - Forty-two patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon, who received surgery between 1975 and 1978 and were to found to have pericolonic fat infiltration and lymph node metastases, were analyzed for disease free period and overall survival. Twenty-one patients had received post-operative X ray therapy, and post-X ray therapy intravenous 5-Fluorouracil adjuvant therapy. Twenty-one patients, matched by age, sex, ethnic origin and site of disease were untreated. The 5 year survival rate for the treated group was 65% compared with 36% for the control group (P greater than 0.2). At 5 years 55% of the treated group were disease free but only 12% of the control group remained disease free (P = 0.04). The significance of this work needs to be established by a randomized and prospectively controlled clinical trial. PMID- 6662748 TI - The effect of resection on local failure in irradiated non-oat cell carcinoma of the lung. AB - From January 1969 through December 1979, 171 patients completed a course of high dose definitive radiotherapy alone for non-oat cell carcinoma of the lung. During the same period, 53 patients completed a course of definitive postoperative radiotherapy after undergoing resection of the primary tumor. The two groups were otherwise very similar with regard to patient related and tumor related variables. A detailed analysis of the incidence of clinically documented local (in-field) failure on the basis of clinical T and N stages was performed. A comparison of the incidence of local failure as the first site of failure for patients with T1-2 tumors demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in local failure in patients whose primary tumors were resected. This was true for all patients with T1-2 tumors whose failure status was known (p less than .001), for all patients known to have failed (p less than .001), and for patients whose clinical node status was other than gross mediastinal (N2) lymphadenopathy (p less than .05). Local failure was decreased in patients with clinical T3 tumors who underwent resection, but the difference was not significant (p greater than .1). Histology (epidermoid vs. non-epidermoid) had no apparent effect on the frequency of local failure, either with or without resection. A review of past experience indicates that local failure is common after definitive irradiation alone, and is due to a low rate of sterilization of the primary tumor, even with tolerance doses of irradiation. Data are presented to support a reappraisal of the role of combined resection and irradiation in future clinical trials, to reduce the present unacceptably high rate of local failure in potentially curable patients treated by irradiation alone. PMID- 6662749 TI - Analysis of cosmetic results and complications in patients with stage I and II breast cancer treated by biopsy and irradiation. AB - Between May, 1973 and December, 1980, 78 Stage I and II breast carcinomas in 76 patients were treated by biopsy and radiotherapy with curative intent. With a maximum follow-up of 10 years, a minimum of 2 1/2 years and a median follow-up of 3 1/2 years, a loco-regional control rate of 97% was obtained. Cosmetic results and treatment complications were studied. Patient characteristics, tumor size, excisional biopsy technique, axillary staging procedure and radiotherapy techniques were analyzed and all found to be important factors affecting cosmesis and complications. The most common complications included transient breast edema observed in 51% of patients, breast fibrosis (usually mild) seen in 23% of the population, axillary hematoma or seroma formation in 15%, mild arm edema in 14% and basilic vein thrombosis in 10% of patients. The causes of these and other less frequent complications are discussed. The overall cosmetic result was excellent in 78%, satisfactory in 18% and unsatisfactory in 4% of patients. Recommendations for improving cosmetic results minimizing complications are made. In our prospective trial, the high loco-regional control and good cosmesis supports the use of excisional biopsy and radiation therapy in patients with Stages I and II breast carcinoma. PMID- 6662750 TI - Effects of prenatal irradiation on fetal, neonate, and young adult murine hemopoiesis. AB - B6D2F1 mice received cobalt-60 radiation on day 10.5 of gestation at doses of 50 to 300 rad at a dose rate of 40 rad per min. These animals were studied at four selected age periods: (a) day 14.5 of gestation, (b) neonate, (c) juvenile, and (d) 13 week-old adult. Fetal liver cellularity, morphology, and hemopoietic progenitor cell concentration reflected injury after 200 rad. The 15 day-old mouse spleen cellularity was affected more than bone marrow cellularity, but greater radiation injury was reflected by bone marrow hemopoietic progenitor cells. Fluctuations from normal hematopoietic values were greater in the 15 day old juvenile than in the 9 day-old neonate, commencing with 50 rad. These included peripheral blood parameters and marrow- and spleen-derived erythroid-, granulocytic- and megakaryocytic-progenitor cells. The consequences of prenatal irradiation (150 rad) were evident in the 13 week-old mouse. This was manifested by a reduced spleen cellularity and perturbations in concentrations of hemopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow. PMID- 6662751 TI - Uniform regional heating of the lower trunk: numerical evaluation of tumor temperature distributions. AB - The temperature distributions in deep seated tumors resulting from uniform heating of the abdominal and pelvic regions of the trunk are predicted from a one dimensional numerical solution of the bio-heat transfer equation. The effect of tumor size and location are investigated for two tumor perfusion models: uniform perfusion and a concentric annulus perfusion model. Tumor temperature distributions are considered acceptable if the range of temperatures in the tumor lie between 42 degrees C and 60 degrees C. This range of tumor temperatures is defined as Tave +/- 2 sigma where sigma is the population standard deviation of tumor temperatures from the average computed at the nodal points in the finite difference array. To simulate practical clinical restrictions, muscle and fat temperatures are not allowed to exceed 44 degrees C, significant portions of the viscera are not allowed to exceed 42 degrees C, and the total absorbed power required to maintain steady state cannot exceed two kilowatts. Over 100 possible cases are presented in a compact form. From this study it appears that heating systems with power deposition patterns approximately uniform are promising for heating deep-seated tumors. Small, detectable tumors (approximately 2 cm in size) are adequately heated for a wider range of conditions than are larger tumors. Excessively high temperatures in deep-seated, normal tissue could be a significant limitation for this technique. PMID- 6662752 TI - Radiation therapy technology manpower needs 1982. AB - A shortage of radiation therapy technologists has existed in the United States for many years. This report analyzes the data from the third manpower survey of ACR/ASTR carried out in 1981 to 1982, using the Patterns of Care master facility list. Of 1106 questionnaires mailed, 77% were returned. The survey identified 3757 technologists performing radiation therapy technology duties. Of these, 2537 of these were Registered Technologists (Therapy) American Registry of Radiologic Technologists RTT (ARRT), 1220 were not. There has been a good growth in the total number of RTT (ARRT) members as indicated by the 1982 ARRT Annual Report (1148 in May, 1977, 2878 in May, 1982). Using the "Blue Book" Criteria of 1981 of 2 RTT/megavoltage unit or 2 RTT/300 new patients, the technology need (2900) would appear filled. However, 860 of the RTT were performing supervisory or dosimetry duties and 42% of the 2897 staff technologists were non RTT personnel. At the time of the survey, 597 funded vacancies existed (241 in 1977). A trend toward a changing standard of 3 RTT/megavoltage unit, reflecting the increased complexity of modern radiation therapy techniques, especially in Patterns of Care Strata A1, A2, C1 institutions was identified. While great progress has been made, there is a continuing need for recruitment into the 113 existing educational programs to try to stabilize the supply of technologists. Attention should also be given to measures for upgrading the skills and knowledge of the non RTT personnel in the field and retention of the RTT personnel. PMID- 6662754 TI - The Syed-Neblett interstitial template in locally advanced gynecological malignancies. AB - Twenty-eight patients with locally advanced malignancies of the cervix and vagina were treated with a combination of external radiation therapy and afterloading Syed-Neblett iridium template. There were 22 patients with squamous cell cancer and two patients with adenocarcinomas of the cervix. Four patients with squamous cell cancer of the vagina were treated with this method. Only patients with locally advanced disease (cervical lesion greater than 4 cm in diameter) and poor vaginal anatomy were selected for this modality of therapy. In our series the incidence of distant failures of 39% seems to confirm the significance of local volume of disease as a prognostic indicator; despite a local control rate of 59%, only 33% of our patients are alive from 25-51 months. Complications occurred in 12 patients (42%). Six patients (22%) developed severe rectal stricture or rectovaginal fistula necessitating diverting sigmoid colostomy; five patients (18%) developed hemorrhagic proctitis with diarrhea and tenesmus; one patient developed vaginal vault necrosis. Complications occurred 7 to 24 months following therapy. Six of the 12 patients developing complications are dead of disease. On the basis of this study and because of the low cure rate and high incidence of complications, the value of the Syed-Neblett template in locally advanced gynecologic malignancies should be reconsidered. PMID- 6662753 TI - Reassessment of radiation therapy for the management of lung cancer in patients with chronic pulmonary disease. AB - Surgery has remained the mainstay of definitive treatment for lung cancer. Radiation therapy has been advocated when the location of the lung cancer precludes resection or the severity or the cardiopulmonary impairment indicates that the patient cannot withstand the proposed resection. Extended field irradiation has been shown to improve tumor control and survival. However, in patients with chronic pulmonary disease, extended field irradiation may exacerbate pulmonary insufficiency and compromise survival. Between 1975 and 1980, 29 patients with lung cancer and chronic pulmonary disease were treated by involved field irradiation (IFR). This was compared to the experience of 41 patients who had been treated prior to 1975 by extended field irradiation (EFR). The frequency of subjective response and tumor control were comparable in each group. One patient treated by IFR developed a marginal recurrence. Radiation pneumonitis was observed in 7/41 (17%) EFR patients versus 2/29 (7%) IFR. Treatment related death occurred in 2/41 (5%) EFR versus 1/29 (3.3%) IFR. One year disease free survival was 8/41 (19%) EFR versus 12/29 (41%) IFR. Two of 14 (14%) IFR patients at risk five years are alive without evidence of disease. PMID- 6662755 TI - Effects of unilateral hypoxia on neuroepithelial bodies in rabbit lungs. AB - The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of regional (unilateral) alveolar hypoxia on the intrapulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEB), which contain bioactive substances and are distinctly innervated. Eight (4-wk old) rabbits were subjected to unilateral hypoxia. The animals were anesthetized by an intramuscular injection of Hypnorm and breathed spontaneously during the experiment. The right lung received a hypoxic gas mixture (10% O2-90% N2) and the left lung a hyperoxic mixture. Blood gas measurements indicated that no systemic hypoxemia or acidosis occurred under these conditions. Lung samples were examined by electron microscopy to determine morphometrically the extent of a secretory exocytosis at the basal cell pole of the NEB and by a microspectrographical analysis of the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence to quantify the NEB serotonin content. After 20 min of unilateral hypoxia the NEB in the right hypoxic lung exhibited an increased exocytosis and a lower serotonin content in comparison with the left hyperoxic lung NEB. These results indicate that NEB react to regional alveolar hypoxia by secreting serotonin and/or peptides to the surrounding lung tissue (blood vessels, smooth muscle, nerve endings, etc.). PMID- 6662756 TI - Mechanical properties of pulmonary arteries from sensitized dogs. AB - On the basis of isometric dose-response studies, we (J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 219:551-557, 1981) have reported that the ovalbumin-sensitized (S) canine pulmonary artery (PA) is hypersensitive and hyperractive to histamine compared with that from a littermate control (C) in vitro. In this study, our aim was to determine whether the maximal velocity of shortening (Vmax) measured in strips of electrically stimulated SPA and CPA differed. Vmax (velocity at zero load) was obtained by analysis of force-velocity curves from these tissues using the equation (P + a) (V + b) = (Po + a)b, in which P is load, Po is maximum tetanic tension, V is shortening velocity, and a and b are asymptotic values in units of force and velocity. The Vmax values derived for SPA and CPA are 0.188 +/- 0.029 (SE) and 0.113 + 0.017 lo/s, respectively, lo being defined as that length at which Po is obtained. This result indicated that the Vmax value of SPA is significantly (P less than 0.05) different from that of CPA. The b values for SPA [0.034 +/- 0.003 lo/s] and for CPA [0.025 +/- 0.004 lo/s] were also significantly different. However, the force constants a and Po were unchanged in the SPA and CPA. SPA also had a greater isotonic shortening capacity than CPA. These findings indicate that mechanical properties of SPA are altered and lend an understanding of the hyperreactivity of these vessels in the sensitized model. PMID- 6662757 TI - Dynamics of cardiac output and systolic time intervals in supine and upright exercise. AB - Transient and steady-state responses of stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (Q), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), preejection period (PEP), and the ratio of LVET to PEP during bicycle exercises of 50 and 100 W were studied in four healthy male subjects in supine and upright postures. A computer based system in which impedance cardiography was incorporated served to determine the above parameters on a 10-s interval basis. SV remained almost unchanged in response to exercises in a supine posture, whereas it increased significantly in an upright posture, although the individual differences among subjects were found to be large. The half-response times of variables to a step work load were determined. An approximate accordance was observed among the response times for HR, Q, and LVET/PEP. There was an inverse relationship between LVET and HR, the slope of which was found to be steeper in the supine posture than in the upright posture, reflecting the difference between the SV responses in both postures. LVET fell shortly after the cessation of exercise despite the decreasing HR. Inasmuch as the paradoxical reduction of LVET was also found in the case where SV remained unchanged in response to exercise, no changes in SV can be the cause thereof. Thus, a transient increase in ejection rate, which is due to either the increased myocardial contractility or decreased peripheral vascular resistance, may be responsible for the phenomenon. PMID- 6662758 TI - Intersubject viability in growth hormone time course during different types of work. AB - This study addresses the question of variability of immunoreactive human growth hormone (IRHGH) response to the following types of muscular exercise. 1) One hour of submaximal exercise with restarting for 30 min after 20 min of recovery. Three types of responses were observed: a rise of [IRHGH] occurred in response to muscular activity; [IRHGH] was maintained at rest level during the first bout and then rose in the second bout; or [IRHGH] rose during the first bout and was no longer modified by the restarting. 2) Thirty minutes of heavy exercise. In some subjects [IRHGH] change was almost linear with time, reaching very high values and dropping as soon as exercise had stopped, whereas in others peak values were similar to those of submaximal exercise but, in contrast, plateaued during recovery. 3) One hour of exercise performed either continuously or with alternate sequences of 30-s exercise and 30-s pause. In intermittent exercise, some subjects displayed a similar time course of [IRHGH] as in continuous exercise and others displayed markedly high values. 4) One hour of submaximal exercise at three different intensities carried out at ambient temperatures of 24 and 33 degrees C. At 33 degrees C, in some subjects, [IRHGH] time course at the three intensities was unchanged at 33 degrees C compared with that at 24 degrees C, whereas the maximal value increased in another subject up to 150 ng X ml-1. A significant intrasubject consistency to a given type of exercise was evident over several months. The study emphasizes that caution should be used in drawing definite conclusions from averaged results with high variability. PMID- 6662759 TI - Ventilatory thresholds during short- and long-term exercise. AB - The ventilatory (anaerobic) threshold for short-term exercise was defined as the work rate or O2 uptake (VO2) immediately below the work rate at which ventilation increased disproportionately relative to work rate or VO2, and the ventilatory threshold for long-term exercise as the work rate or VO2 immediately below the work rate at which ventilation continued to increase with time rather than attain a steady state. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how both thresholds relate to each other and how they relate to other measures of physical performance capacity. The subjects were eight healthy males, 20-53 yr of age. Maximal performance capacity was estimated by measurements of maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max) and by endurance performance during a 12-min distance run. A high interrelationship was found between the two thresholds (r = 0.84), and each threshold expressed in VO2 (ml X min-1 X kg-1) correlated highly with VO2 max (r = 0.87 and r = 0.75, for short-term and long-term exercise, respectively). When the two thresholds were expressed as a percentage of VO2 max, neither threshold showed a significant relationship with VO2 max. Endurance performance was significantly correlated with both the ventilatory threshold for short-term and long-term exercise (r = 0.73 and 0.82, respectively). A stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the distance run in 12 min was best predicted by VO2 max (R2 = 0.66) or the ventilatory threshold for long-term exercise (R2 = 0.63). It is concluded that the ventilatory threshold for long-term exercise is a more specific measure to explain running performance than is the threshold during graded exercise. PMID- 6662760 TI - Effect of inspiration on inferior vena caval blood flow in dogs. AB - Inferior vena cava flow of anesthetized open-chest dogs was drained to a reservoir from a cannula above the diaphragm and returned to the atrium at constant rate. At selected base-line caval pressures, the caval flow and pressures in the abdomen (Pab), iliac vein (Piv), and downstream cavae (Pvc) were recorded during spontaneous breathing, cyclic phrenic nerve stimulation, and cyclic lowering of caval drain pressure. Each augmented flow unless Pab exceeded Pvc by at least ca. 5 cmH2O. In other dogs a cannulating flow probe was placed in the thoracic inferior cava and the chest was reclosed. Flow was augmented throughout most or all of spontaneous inspiration and was never depressed even though Pab exceeded right atrial pressure and Piv. I conclude that the collapse of hepatic veins and proximate cava does not occur at most normal pressures and a Starling resistor analog of abdominal veins based solely on abdominal and venous pressures is inappropriate. Both falling atrial pressure and rising Pab probably augment inspiratory abdominal venous return. PMID- 6662762 TI - Reduced stroke volume related to pleural pressure in obstructive sleep apnea. AB - Left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) falls during obstructed inspiration in animals and normal human subjects through mechanisms that may be closely related to pleural pressure. In this study we postulated that a similar reduction in LVSV should occur in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Daytime polysomnograms were performed in 10 patients with OSA. A noninvasive electrical impedance method was used to determine LVSV. Pleural pressure was measured by esophageal balloon. In comparison with awake values, during OSA we found reductions in LVSV, cardiac output, and heart rate of 18, 27, and 11%, respectively (P less than 0.01). We observed that systolic pleural pressure did not have a significant effect on LVSV (P greater than 0.05). However, at pleural pressures lower than 10 cmH2O below resting expiratory level, there was a linear relationship between falls in LVSV and falls in middiastolic pleural pressure (P less than 0.0001). We concluded that reduced LVSV shown in patients with OSA was significantly related to diastolic pleural pressure level. Our findings suggested reduced preload as the most likely mechanism for decreased cardiac output in OSA. PMID- 6662761 TI - Critical O2 transport values at lowered body temperatures in rats. AB - Whole-body O2 uptake (VO2) in rats was reported not to increase when total O2 transport (TOT = cardiac output X arterial O2 concentration) was increased above normal ranges when body temperature was kept at 38 degrees C (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 53: 660-664, 1982). Similar experiments were performed to see if hypothermic rats at 34 degrees C would increase VO2 with an increased TOT in an effort to generate heat. Anesthetized rats were ventilated with 9 or 12% O2 (hypoxia), room air (normoxia), and O2 (hyperoxia) to vary TOT from 52.6 to 6.6 ml X kg-1 X min-1. VO2 was measured in a closed-circuit, double servospirometer system. Although VO2 was significantly lower at 34 degrees C than the values previously found at 38 degrees C with normoxia and hyperoxia, there was no increase with increasing values of TOT. In spite of a lower plateau value of VO2 at 34 degrees C, the critical value of TOT below which VO2 could not be maintained was nearly the same as at 38 degrees C (22 ml X kg-1 X min-1). The reason for this was that O2 was less completely extracted as TOT was lowered below the critical value in the hypothermic animal. Some of the difficulty in extracting O2 at the tissues was probably due to the decrease in P50 (PO2 at 50% saturation) that occurs with decreased body temperature. PMID- 6662763 TI - Fetal rat lung maturation: initiation and modulation. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether a rise in the level of circulating hormones is responsible for initiating fetal lung maturation. Explants of 13- to 20-day fetal rat lung were cultured in a constant chemically defined medium containing 0 or 1% serum. Growth, morphological maturation, and two biochemical markers of lung development, disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) synthesis and specific nuclear glucocorticoid binding, showed evidence of continuing development in culture. There is normally a marked increase in DSPC content and in the rate of choline incorporation into DSPC after 20 days gestation. Regardless of the gestational age of the fetal lungs used, there was a similar increase in culture at an equivalent gestational age of 20 days (e.g., 14 day lung after 6 days, 16-day lung after 4 days). Removal of 50 or 75% of the lung mesenchymal tissue at the initiation of the culture period did not prevent the increase in choline incorporation. Since the culture environment was constant and contained virtually no hormones, we conclude that the stimulus for the initiation of fetal lung maturation is most likely located in the lung tissue itself. The role of circulating hormones is probably later modulation of the maturational process. PMID- 6662764 TI - Partitioning of pulmonary impedance in excised human and canine lungs. AB - Partitioning of pulmonary resistance of 15 excised human and 5 canine lungs by means of a retrograde catheter demonstrated that the share of peripheral airways (with an ID of 2.4 mm or less) and of lung tissue in pulmonary resistance was markedly larger (44-96%) in humans than in dogs (41-59%). Similar percentages were found in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The variations of resistance with volume during deflation and inflation of the lungs were due primarily to variations of peripheral resistance (Rp). The latter systematically increased at high and low lung volumes. Higher Rp values, with a more pronounced frequency dependence, were met in patients with COPD. A morphometrical study showed an inverse relationship between the value of Rp and the mean diameter of the terminal bronchioles, provided the airways density was taken into account. PMID- 6662765 TI - Assessment of coagulation cascade during air microembolization of the lung. AB - Experiments were performed to determine whether activation of the coagulation cascade was required for pulmonary vascular permeability to increase during microembolization of the lung. For 30-45 min air microemboli were intravenously infused (0.05-0.10 ml X kg-1 X min-1) into awake sheep with chronic lung-lymph fistulas and anesthetized mongrel dogs. During embolization the pulmonary arterial pressure increased, and O2 partial pressure (PaO2) fell by more than 20 Torr (P less than 0.01). Subsequently lymph flow nearly tripled without a change in the lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio. Partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times, biological activity of antithrombin III, and circulating concentration of 125I-labeled dog or sheep fibrinogen did not change during or following air infusion. In two additional sheep an intravenous infusion of thrombin at 0.6 U X kg-1 X min-1 for 15 min resulted in a 20% decrease in 125I labeled sheep fibrinogen concentration without a change in pulmonary arterial pressure or PaO2. We conclude that air microembolization can increase permeability to water and protein without a detectable activation of the coagulation cascade in the sheep or dog. PMID- 6662766 TI - Fructose and glucose ingestion and muscle glycogen use during submaximal exercise. AB - Substrate utilization after fructose, glucose, or water ingestion was examined in four male and four female subjects during three treadmill runs at approximately 75% of maximal O2 uptake. Each test was preceded by three days of a carbohydrate rich diet. The runs were 30 min long and were spaced at least 1 wk apart. Exercise began 45 min after ingestion of 300 ml of randomly assigned 75 g fructose (F), 75 g glucose (G), or control (C). Muscle glycogen depletion determined by pre- and postexercise biopsies (gastrocnemius muscle) was significantly (P less than 0.05) less during the F trial than during C or G. Venous blood samples revealed a significant increase in serum glucose (P less than 0.05) and insulin (P less than 0.01) within 45 min after the G drink, followed by a decrease (P less than 0.05) in serum glucose during the first 15 min of exercise, changes not observed in the C or F trials. Respiratory exchange ratio was higher (P less than 0.05) during the G than C or F trials for the first 5 min of exercise and lower (P less than 0.05) during the C trial compared with G or F for the last 15 min of exercise. These data suggest that fructose ingested before 30 min of submaximal exercise maintains stable blood glucose and insulin concentrations, which may lead to the observed sparing of muscle glycogen. PMID- 6662767 TI - Effect of acetazolamide on normoxic and hypoxic exercise in humans at sea level. AB - Acetazolamide (A) is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. It has been shown to be efficacious in preventing acute mountain sickness as well as decreasing the O2 desaturation that occurs during sleep in individuals with chronic mountain sickness who live at altitude. Very little data, however, are available about its effect on exercise. We studied six healthy males in a double-blind cross-over design using acetazolamide and placebo (P) during normoxic and hypoxic (fractional inspired O2 = 0.118) progressive work exercise to exhaustion on a bicycle ergometer. A metabolic acidosis was documented in all subjects on A (P less than 0.045). Before exercise, subjects on A had 2.0 and 3.5 l/min increase in minute ventilation (VE) during normoxia (P = not significant) and hypoxia (P less than 0.005), respectively, and a 2.2% increase in arterialized O2 hemoglobin saturation (SaO2) during hypoxia. During normoxic and hypoxic exercise, VE/kpm and SaO2/kpm were significantly higher while the respiratory exchange ratio (R) was significantly lower on A. These effects were greater on hypoxia. During normoxia, maximal O2 consumption (1/min) was lower on A [3.1 +/- 0.4 (A) vs. 3.8 +/- 0.2 (P), P less than 0.025] and higher during hypoxia on A[2.6 +/- 0.7 (A) vs. 2.4 +/- 0.1 (P), P less than 0.05]. The increase in exercise VE on A may result in an increased alveolar and subsequent arterial O2 tension which may be important for exercise at altitude. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition may also affect CO2 transport in the lung, which may explain the lower R. PMID- 6662768 TI - Hypoxemia during apnea in normal subjects: mechanisms and impact of lung volume. AB - Seven normal awake males were studied to define the mechanisms and impact of lung volume on the hypoxemia occurring during apnea. During repeated 30-s voluntary breath holding, these subjects were studied at different lung volumes, during various respiratory maneuvers, and in the sitting and supine body positions. Analysis of expired gases and arterial O2 saturation during these repeated breath holdings yielded the following conclusions. Apnea of 30-s duration at low lung volumes is accompanied by severe arterial O2 desaturation in normal awake subjects. Initial lung volume is the most important determinant of hypoxemia during apnea. The hypoxemia of apnea at most lung volumes can be explained by simple alveolar hypoventilation in a uniform lung. The lung does not behave as a single-compartment model at lung volumes at which dependent airways are susceptible to closure. PMID- 6662769 TI - Airway closure in humans does not result in overestimation of plethysmographic lung volume. AB - Exercise Physiol. 52: 638-641, 1982) have shown in dogs that airway closure may induce rib cage deformation and nonhomogeneous alveolar pressure swings, and they have suggested that this could lead to thoracic gas volume (TGV) overestimation by body plethysmography. However, in humans the rib cage is less easy to distort than in dogs. In four healthy volunteers we measured TGV by plethysmography before (B) and during (D) the occlusion of the middle and lower right lobes by a balloon (attached to a double-lumen catheter) positioned in the intermediate right bronchus. Subjects were trained to perform panting maneuvers preferentially with intercostals and accessory muscles or the diaphragm. Five to eleven TGV measurements were made in each subject with each panting pattern B and D occlusion. Balloon inflation resulted in no change in TGV whether low [13.3 +/- 3.4 (SD) cmH2O] or high (46.8 +/- 8.4 cmH2O) transdiaphragmatic pressures (Pdi) were used: TGV 4.0 +/- 0.4 (B) vs. 4.0 +/- 0.4 liters (D) and 4.3 +/- 0.4 (B) vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 liters (D) for low and high Pdi, respectively. Thus, in trained subjects performing maneuvers aimed to distort the rib cage, no pressure difference was observed between the occluded and the nonoccluded lung during panting against the closed shutter. We conclude that it is unlikely that the mechanism proposed by Brown et al. might explain errors in lung volume measurements by body plethysmography in humans. PMID- 6662770 TI - Gas mixing in dog lungs studied by single-breath washout of He and SF6. AB - Simultaneously measured helium (He) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) single-breath washout was studied in 16 anesthetized paralyzed dogs ventilated with a special hydraulically operated ventilatory servo system. After equilibration of lung gas with 1% He and 1% SF6, the maneuver consisting of inspiration of a test gas-free mixture at constant rate (VI), a variable time of breath holding, and an expiration at constant rate (VE), was performed. Fractional concentrations of He and SF6, recorded against expired volume, were analyzed in terms of slope of the alveolar plateau (S) and series (Fowler) dead space (VD). In control conditions (VI = 0.5 l/s, VE = 0.1 l/s) S was about 10% of alveolar-to-inspired concentration difference per liter expirate both for He and SF6. Both SHe and SSF6 were inversely related to VI and VE, the relative changes being more pronounced with varying VE. SHe/SSF6 was higher or lower than unity depending on VI and VE. Both SHe and SSF6 decreased with increasing preinspiratory lung volume. Breath holding up to 10 s slightly decreased SHe and SSF6 while SHe/SSF6 was unchanged. The contribution of continuing gas exchange to S assessed from comparative measurements using the reversed (single breath washin) technique ranged from 6 to 23% in the various conditions. The VDHe/VDSF6 ratio was 0.84 and was little affected in the various settings. Results indicate that the substantial alveolar gas inhomogeneity in the dog lung and the mechanism accounting for S are little diffusion dependent. By exclusion sequential filling and emptying of lung units is believed to constitute the most important mechanism responsible for the sloping alveolar plateau. PMID- 6662771 TI - Response of bronchial smooth muscle to mast cell degranulation in situ. AB - We studied the response of bronchial smooth muscle to mast cell degranulation with Ascaris suum antigen (AA) and compound 48/80 (48/80) in 26 mongrel dogs in situ. Bronchial smooth muscle response was measured isometrically in situ from a segment of the right middle lobe bronchus; tracheal response was monitored isometrically as a control. After intra-arterial (ia) injection of AA into the bronchial circulation, bronchial contraction preceded tracheal contraction by 19.2 +/- 4.6 s (P less than 0.002). Bronchial contraction to AA (21.7 +/- 3.4 g) was substantially greater than to 48/80 (10.5 +/- 1.8 g, P less than 0.05) corresponding to differences in maximal systemic histamine concentrations (146 +/ 24.1 vs. 1000 +/- 236 ng/ml, P less than 0.01). In 5 dogs, the effect of leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and FPL 55712 was studied. Injection of 10(-8) mol ia LTD4 caused no bronchial contraction. In four dogs, 10(-7) mol FPL 55712 caused no bronchial relaxation after initial precontraction during immune degranulation with AA; intravenous chlorpheniramine (5 mg/kg) caused 69.7 +/- 9.4% relaxation. We demonstrate a model that permits selective immune degranulation of a single major resistance bronchus in situ. We conclude that AA-induced degranulation in dogs caused bronchial contraction predominantly by secretion of preformed mediator. PMID- 6662772 TI - Measurement of lung emptying patterns during slow exhalations. AB - Five subjects slowly inhaled a 200-ml bolus of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) from residual volume (RV) followed by an O2-Ar mixture to total lung capacity, then exhaled to RV, either slowly or as rapidly as possible. Larger amounts of SF6 and N2 were recovered in fast than in slow exhalations. We calculated the gas volumes of the apical and basal halves of the parenchymal mass as functions of exhaled volume during slow exhalations from 1) the difference between SF6 recovered in slow and fast exhalations and 2) an estimate of the apex-to-base concentration profile of SF6 in the lung after inspiration. The maximal volume difference, where the apex contained 600 ml more gas than the base, occurred when 70% of the vital capacity had been exhaled. The same calculation, but using N2 data, gave unrealistically large volume differences. Apparently SF6 delivered as a bolus results in an apex-to-base gradient that is large relative to intraregional gradients, but dilution of the resident N2 by a non-N2 gas results in sizable intraregional gradients. PMID- 6662773 TI - Factors influencing glottic dimensions during forced expiration. AB - To examine the relationship between expiratory effort, expiratory flow, and glottic aperture, we compared the effects of actively and passively produced changes in flow in six normal subjects. During flow transients of 1.08 +/- 0.08 l/s produced by voluntary expiratory effort, glottic width (dg) increased by 54 +/- 13% (mean +/- SE). In contrast transient increases in expiratory flow, produced passively by chest compression, were not accompanied by increases in glottic dimensions. Similarly, when subjects expired through a resistance, transient passive increases in mouth pressure of 8.1 +/- 0.8 cmH2O failed to increase glottic width. However, when similar positive-pressure transients were produced actively, dg increased by 97 +/- 36% even though the expiratory efforts were accompanied by relatively small increases in flow (0.20 +/- 0.05 l/s). During tidal breathing glottic widening commenced 160 +/- 60 ms before the onset of inspiratory flow, whereas the widening associated with active flow and pressure transients did not measurably precede the onset of the change in flow or pressure. Our results indicate that transient expulsive efforts are associated with synchronous increases in dg, regardless of whether expiratory flow increases. The findings are most readily explained by a centrally determined synchronous recruitment of intrinsic laryngeal and expiratory muscles that facilitates lung emptying by minimizing airway resistance during forced exhalation. PMID- 6662774 TI - Respiratory-related activity of upper airway muscles in anesthetized rabbit. AB - The electromyographic activity of the glossal, suprahyoid, infrahyoid, and pharyngeal muscles was examined during spontaneous respiration in rabbits anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride. This activity was then correlated with phases of the respiratory cycle. Our findings indicate that the overwhelming majority of the muscles comprising these groups show activity that increased during inspiration and returns to the background level during expiration and the end-expiratory pause. The exceptions are the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, which demonstrates increased activity during expiration and the end expiratory pause, and the stylohyoid major and digastric muscles, whose activity was not modulated with respiration. In general, the results obtained under ketamine anesthesia are in agreement with the studies on a more limited number of muscles in humans during sleep or in animal studies utilizing light anesthesia. Furthermore, the use of ketamine avoids the central suppressant effects produced by barbituate anesthesia. It has been argued that the upper airway muscles are rhythmically active during respiration to maintain the patency of the upper airway. Both the number of muscles that are rhythmically active and their strict correlation with specific phases of the respiratory cycle suggest that the forces exerted on the upper airway are complex and that peak tension is generated during inspiration. Further studies are required to evaluate the effects of ketamine anesthesia on these upper airway muscles before this rabbit model can be utilized to examine respiratory disorders of the upper airway. PMID- 6662775 TI - Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on ion transport across dog tracheal epithelium. AB - Under short-circuit conditions, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) did not alter net Na+ movement but selectively stimulated net Cl- secretion across dog tracheal epithelium with a high affinity (Km congruent to 10(-8) M). The increase in Cl- secretion was not different from the rise in short-circuit current (Isc). However, stimulation of Cl- secretion was not maximal, because the addition of isoproterenol (10(-6) M) to VIP-treated tissues further increased the Isc by 54%. The effect of exogenous VIP was not blocked by a combination of atropine, phentolamine, propranolol (10(-5) or 10(-6) M), or tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M). Under open-circuit conditions, VIP caused an increase in the net secretion of Cl- and Na+, but the changes did not reach statistical significance. We conclude that VIP acts directly on receptors on the surface of epithelial cells to stimulate active Cl- secretion. The abundance of VIP nerves in the submucosa suggests that VIP may be important in regulation of fluid movement across the epithelium. PMID- 6662776 TI - Effects of high-frequency breathing on pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange. AB - The effects of spontaneous high-frequency breathing (HFB) on lung function were evaluated in three subjects highly trained in the practice of yoga. Transpulmonary pressure was measured by an esophageal balloon catheter and gas flow by pneumotachography. The abdominal and rib cage contributions to tidal breathing were measured separately by respiratory inductive plethysmography. Gas exchange was studied by the conventional technique and by multiple inert gas elimination. During HFB, respiratory rate increased to 232 cycles/min with a tidal volume of 0.35 liter. This resulted in a more than 10-fold increase in expired minute ventilation to approximately 90 1/min. The transpulmonary pressure varied by 20 cmH2O, with the calculated elastic, resistive, and accelerative components varying by 2, 20, and 8 cmH2O, respectively. Respiratory work increased more than 200-fold in comparison with resting ventilation. A phase shift between thoracic and abdominal breathing was observed and was interpreted as a volume displacement of approximately 30 1/min between the two parts of the respiratory system. Arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tension remained normal. Bohr dead space increased, while acetone dead space remained unaltered. A bimodal distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios (VA/Q) was observed, with one mode in normal and another in "high" VA/Q regions. PMID- 6662777 TI - Speed of low-frequency sound through lungs of normal men. AB - The speed of propagation of vesicular lung sound through the lung has not been clearly established. In a recent study (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 54: 304-308, 1983), Rice measured the speed of sound through the parenchyma of excised horse lungs and found it to be 25-70 m/s (less than 20% the speed of sound in air). Filling the lung with helium or sulfur hexafluoride changed the speed of transmission by less than 10%, indicating nongas propagation. The present study was designed to measure the speed of sound through human lungs in vivo. Five healthy, nonsmoking males (aged 27-38 yr) were studied. A microphone was placed on the neck beneath the larynx and another at each of eight locations on the chest wall. Measurements were made at functional residual capacity. White noise was band-pass filtered between 125 and 500 Hz, amplified, and delivered to a loudspeaker connected to a mouthpiece. The speed of sound was measured by cross-correlation analysis of the signals simultaneously detected by the tracheal and chest microphones. This was done after breathing both air and a mixture of 80% He in 20% O2 (He-O2). With air, the mean sound-transit time (trachea to chest wall) ranged from 2 ms at the upper chest to 5 ms at the lower chest (speed of approximately 30 m/s). With He-O2 the mean speed increased by only 10%, whereas the predicted increase of sound speed through gas alone would be greater than 100%. These results are consistent with the in vitro findings of Rice and suggest that within the frequency range of vesicular lung sounds transmission of sound introduced at the mouth is predominantly through the lung parenchyma, not through the airways. PMID- 6662778 TI - Pulmonary vascular reactivity after repetitive exposure to selected biogenic amines. AB - The present study investigated the effects of repetitive exposure to a select group of biogenic amines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin) on pulmonary vascular reactivity by constructing and analyzing a set of four sequential cumulative dose-response curves to one biogenic amine in the isolated blood-perfused left lower lobe of the cat lung in vivo. The dose-response curves were obtained under conditions of constant flow, insuring that the observed pressure changes in the lobe were pressor responses resulting from vasoconstriction rather than flow-related changes. Histamine and epinephrine demonstrated a progressive loss of initial vasoconstrictor activity, whereas the responses to serotonin remained unchanged after repetitive exposure. Norepinephrine demonstrated two different patterns of response, depending on the dose range employed; norepinephrine (0.068-2.27 nmol/ml) demonstrated a loss of the original vasoconstrictor activity, in a pattern similar to histamine and epinephrine, while higher doses of norepinephrine (0.34-9.1 nmol/ml) demonstrated no change in activity with a left shift in the concentration at which the maximal responses occurred, suggesting an increase in sensitivity as a result of repeated exposure. These results were obtained in the absence of significant alterations of arterial blood gases, changes in base-line tone in the experimental left lower lobe, or the development of severe pulmonary edema. These data suggest that only the agents that are capable of stimulating antagonistic vasoconstrictor and vasodilator receptors demonstrated a loss of pulmonary vasoconstrictor activity, which may result from a functional shift in the balance of antagonistic receptor activity with continued exposure. PMID- 6662779 TI - Characteristics of sodium transport by excised rabbit trachea. AB - We studied factors that might be expected to influence Na+ absorption, the major active ion transport by excised rabbit trachea. Transepithelial electric potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (Isc), conductance (G), and unidirectional 22Na+ and 36Cl- flows were measured before and during exposure to a drug or after a change in bathing solution composition. Ouabain (3 X 10(-4) M) in the submucosal bath abolished Isc and Na+ absorption but increased G and unidirectional Cl- flows. Luminal amiloride (10(-3) M) abolished net Na+ absorption but reduced Isc by only 40%. Residual Isc was accounted for by induction of net Cl- secretion, which resulted from a reduction in mucosal (m)-to submucosal (s) Cl- flux (J). Replacement of luminal Na+ by choline induced effects similar to those of amiloride. Residual Isc was not reduced by mucosal indomethacin (10(-6) M). Replacement of luminal Cl- by gluconate raised transepithelial PD fourfold, raised Isc 50%, decreased G 60%, and abolished net Na+ absorption by decreasing Jm leads to s and increasing Js leads to m. Luminal amphotericin B affected bioelectric properties and ion flows minimally, whereas monensin (10(-4) M) decreased Isc and net Na+ transport. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, 1 U/ml) or aldosterone (10(-6) M) did not affect in Isc or PD after exposure up to 6 h. We conclude that 1) Na+ absorption across the rabbit trachea is ouabain sensitive, 2) the entry step for Na+ across the luminal membrane is amiloride sensitive, 3) Cl- secretion induced by amiloride or luminal Na+ replacement probably reflects a more favorable chemical gradient for basolateral coupled NaCl entry and/or electrical gradient for Cl- efflux across the luminal membrane, 4) the coupling of Na+ entry to the presence of Cl- in the mucosal solution is probably an electrical rather than a chemical cotransport process, and 5) the tracheal epithelium of the rabbit is not a target for aldosterone and ADH. PMID- 6662780 TI - Interaction between norepinephrine and hypoxia on carotid body chemoreception in rabbits. AB - The effects of both bolus injection and constant infusion of various levels of norepinephrine (NE) on the activity of single-carotid chemoreceptor nerve fibers was studied in pentobarbital-anaesthetized rabbits under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. All animals were paralyzed and artificially ventilated. The dominant effect of NE was to excite carotid body chemoreceptor fibers in a dose-dependent fashion. There was an inverse relationship between the effect of NE on afferent fiber discharge and arterial O2 tension at all levels of exogenous NE above threshold levels. Propranolol (PROP) in sufficient dosage abolished the chemoreceptor response to NE and also markedly reduced the chemoreceptor response to hypoxia. These results support suggestions that beta-adrenergic receptors may be an integral part of the O2 chemosensory mechanism. They also demonstrate a nonadditive interaction between the effects of NE and hypoxia on the chemoreceptor afferent fibers. A reduction in resting discharge levels after infusion of PROP further suggests that endogenous catecholamines may contribute to carotid body chemoreceptor activity even under normoxic normocapnic conditions. PMID- 6662781 TI - Relationships among pressure, tension, and shape of the diaphragm. AB - The shape of the diaphragm dome was calculated from transdiaphragmatic pressure and tension in the diaphragm. It was assumed that the muscle acts as a free membrane, attached at its edges to the inside of a vertical rib cage circular in cross section, that the attachments are inferior to the point at which the dome makes contract with the rib cage, and that the abdomen is filled with fluid with a hydrostatic gradient in pressure. The shape is different from a section of a sphere, with a radius of curvature substantially greater at the apex of the dome than at the sides. Observed shapes of human hemidiaphragm domes at functional residual capacity are not spherical but closely match the calculated shapes. Best fitting shapes correspond to transdiaphragmatic pressures of about 3 cmH2O transdiaphragmatic pressure, suggesting that such a pressure and corresponding tension are present in the human diaphragm when it is at rest in an erect subject. In this model; as lung volume increases and the diaphragm shortens, its shape changes in such a way that the ratio between transdiaphragmatic pressure and tension in the diaphragm remains nearly constant, rather than increasing with volume. Such a model can explain the observation that the length-tension relationship of the muscle is much more important than curvature in determining the effectiveness of the diaphragm as a pressure generator. PMID- 6662782 TI - Effects of coronary flow reduction on lung vascular tissue transport in sheep. AB - This study was performed to measure the effects of a sustained reduction in coronary flow on lung lymph flow and protein content. Ten halothane-anesthetized sheep with cannulated lymphatic vessels were provided with a carotid-to-left anterior descending coronary artery cannula containing an electromagnetic flowmeter. One group of five animals was observed at base line and after coronary flow was reduced to 38% of base line. A second group of five animals acted as controls and was observed at base line, for 111 min of increased left atrial pressure, and a second period of normal pressures. Sustained coronary flow reduction led to significant increases in pulmonary arterial pressure, left atrial pressure, lymph flow, total protein lymph-to-plasma concentration ratio (L/P), and protein lymph clearance (L/P X lymph flow). Analysis of the pressure, lymph, protein, and indicator data with a two-pore model of the microvascular barrier showed that the observations were consistent with the concept that coronary flow reduction decreased functioning lung capillary surface but increased the size of the large pore and the number of small pores relative to the number of larger pores. Control studies showed increases in lymph flow and decreases in L/P with increased pressure but no significant changes in any variable between the first and second period of normal pressures. We conclude that coronary flow reduction increases lung vascular-tissue transport by decreasing the resistance of the microvascular barrier to protein and fluid movement. However, increased pressure secondary to left ventricular dysfunction plays a role in the magnitude of this response. PMID- 6662783 TI - Influence of heat stress on exercise-induced changes in regional blood flow in sheep. AB - Radioactive microspheres were used to measure cardiac output and blood flow to most major tissues in sheep at rest and during treadmill exercise (3- to 6-fold increase in metabolic rate for 30 min) in thermoneutral (TN) [dry bulb temperature (Tdb) = 16 degrees C, wet bulb temperature (Twb) = 12 degrees C] and mildly hot (MH) (Tdb = 40 degrees C, Twb = 23 degrees C) environments. During exercise, rectal temperature increased more under MH than under TN conditions; exercise-induced changes in the major central cardiovascular parameters were unaffected by MH. Exercise in TN caused mild hypocapnia, and in MH, severe respiratory alkalosis. Skin blood flow in the torso decreased during exercise in TN and MH. Extremity skin blood flow was increased by heat but not exercise. Exercise-induced increases in flows to respiratory muscles and upper respiratory tract tissues were greatly enhanced in MH. Exercise caused large increases in blood flow to fore- and hindlimb muscles, which were less in MH than in TN. Effects of MH on exercise-induced changes in flow to these and other tissues (e.g., abdominal viscera and adipose tissue) are discussed in terms of the conflicting requirements of energy expenditure and body temperature regulation during exercise in sheep and other species, particularly humans. PMID- 6662785 TI - A model evaluation of estimates of breath-to-breath alveolar gas exchange. AB - A mathematical model has been implemented for evaluation of methods for estimating breath-to-breath alveolar gas exchange during exercise in humans. This model includes a homogeneous alveolar gas exchange compartment, a dead space compartment, and tissue spaces for CO2 (alveolar and dead space). The dead space compartment includes a mixing portion surrounded by tissue and an unmixed (slug flow) portion which is partitioned between anatomical and apparatus contributions. A random sinusoidal flow pattern generates a breath-to-breath variation in pulmonary stores. The Auchincloss algorithm for estimating alveolar gas exchange (Auchincloss et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 21: 810-818, 1966) was applied to the model, and the results were compared with the simulated gas exchange. This comparison indicates that a compensation for changes in pulmonary stores must include factors for alveolar gas concentration change as well as alveolar volume change and thus implies the use of end-tidal measurements. Although this algorithm yields reasonable estimates of breath-to-breath alveolar gas exchange, it does not yield a "true" indirect measurement because of inherent error in the estimation of a homogeneous alveolar gas concentration at the end of expiration. PMID- 6662784 TI - Barometric plethysmograph: advantages and limitations in recording infant respiration. AB - The barometric plethysmograph enables recordings to be made of respiration in undisturbed unrestrained infants. Its use has been limited by practical difficulties and errors in calculation of tidal volume (VT). We describe a modification of the method that overcomes the practical difficulties and a series of studies in which the barometric method was directly compared with pneumotachograph measurements of VT in infants. The effects of respiratory pattern and expired air temperature plus the most appropriate formula for calculation of VT under different conditions are described. PMID- 6662786 TI - A comparison of the effects of phacoemulsification and nucleus expression on endothelial cell density. AB - A series of patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction by phacoemulsification (1,126) or nucleus expression (632) were studied to evaluate the relative effects of emulsification time, irrigating volume, and surgical technique on endothelial cell density. The collective data revealed a higher cell loss with phacoemulsification (15%) than with nucleus expression (12%). Patients over 69.5 years appeared to be more vulnerable to the effects of phacoemulsification than those below 69.5 years. Although the data were subjected to combinations and permutations of age, sex, time, and volume, no direct correlation between emulsification time and/or irrigating volume and endothelial cell loss was shown. When data sets for individual surgeons were analyzed, the most striking difference was between the endothelial effect of anterior chamber phacoemulsification (26% average reduction) and that of posterior chamber phacoemulsification (13% average reduction). PMID- 6662787 TI - Posterior capsulotomy. AB - We studied the rate of primary and secondary capsulotomy in 300 consecutive extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) patients, followed from one to four years. Overall capsulotomy rate was 14%; the secondary capsulotomy rate was 3%. The incidence of secondary capsulotomy was greatest between 24 and 36 months, and decreased thereafter. PMID- 6662788 TI - Ghost cell glaucoma following lens implantation. AB - When intraocular hemorrhage occurs following cataract surgery and lens implantation, ghost cell glaucoma may develop. An intraocular lens (IOL) may be a factor in recurrent bleeding, particularly in the predisposed patient. Six patients with ghost cell glaucoma following cataract surgery and lens implantation are described. Because intraocular pressure (IOP) was uncontrolled, vitrectomy was performed to remove the reservoir of ghost cells. In each case, postoperative visual acuity improved to 20/40 or better and IOP was controlled with the use of medications. PMID- 6662789 TI - Predicting acuities in capsulotomy patients: interferometers and potential acuity meter. AB - Using the Lotmar moire fringe interferometer and the potential acuity meter, I predicted the postoperative Snellen visual acuities in 30 implanted eyes that required secondary capsulotomies. The Lotmar interferometer was within one line of the postoperative visual acuity in 29 eyes (96.6%); the potential acuity meter prediction was within one line in 10 eyes (33.3%). An earlier study defined seven clinical conditions that produced false positive results with the laser interferometer. The same results occurred with the Lotmar interferometer. When the potential acuity meter was used, six of the seven conditions produced false positive results. PMID- 6662790 TI - Iseikonia and accommodation in the fellow eye in monocular IOL implantation. AB - In unilateral implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL), the main goal, for both distant and near vision, is iseikonia. After monocular IOL implantation, when the normal fellow eye accommodates for different distances, the changed magnification will result in aniseikonia. We have derived formulas for calculating the power of an iseikonizing IOL and of corresponding spectacles for both distant and near vision. Using the formulas, we can predict the degree of aniseikonia produced by accommodation in the normal eye. We suggest that accommodation in the fellow eye be avoided by using reading glasses. PMID- 6662792 TI - Lens-induced complications with anterior chamber lens implants: a comparison with iris supported and posterior chamber lenses. AB - A retrospective study of early lens-induced complications in 509 anterior chamber lens implants was performed. The complication rate was compared with early lens induced complications in 1,340 iris supported lens implants and 945 posterior chamber lens implants. The results indicate that posterior chamber lens implants have the fewest lens-induced complications. Lens-induced complications with anterior chamber lens implants are less frequent than with iris supported lenses. However, there is a significant potential for severe lens-induced complications with anterior chamber lenses. PMID- 6662791 TI - Phacoemulsification with the Heslin/Mackool Ocusystem: results of a retrospective study. AB - One surgeon's experience with phacoemulsification and the Heslin/Mackool Ocusystem is reported. The visual results and intraoperative and postoperative complications are comparable to those reported by surgeons using other phacoemulsification instruments. The authors conclude that the Heslin/Mackool Ocusystem is an efficient instrument for phacoemulsification. PMID- 6662794 TI - Loop precipitations in the 91Z lens. PMID- 6662793 TI - Anterior displacement of posterior chamber lenses. PMID- 6662795 TI - UGH syndrome with the 91Z lens. PMID- 6662796 TI - A new phacoemulsification technique for in-the-bag IOL placement. AB - The standard phacoemulsification procedure includes capsulotomy with an irrigating cystotome and cortical cleanup with an irrigation/aspiration handpiece. While this is an effective technique, it produces ill-defined capsule edges that make in-the-bag placement of the implant difficult. We describe a technique that facilitates identification of capsular flaps by using scissors for the anterior capsulotomy, followed by cortical cleanup with the Gills technique and in-the-bag placement of the implant. PMID- 6662797 TI - Technique for implanting secondary posterior chamber intraocular lenses. AB - This paper describes a surgical technique for implanting a secondary posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL). Endothelial cell counts in a small series of patients are also discussed. PMID- 6662798 TI - Late postoperative hemorrhage following intracapsular cataract extraction with the IOLAB 91Z anterior chamber lens. AB - We report 11 cases of delayed postoperative hemorrhage in a series of 134 patients who had intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) with implantation of an IOLAB 91Z intraocular lens. PMID- 6662799 TI - A contact lens for endothelial and epithelial specular microscopy. AB - A contact lens that facilitates specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium and epithelium with a standard slitlamp is described. It prevents blur from the superficial tear-film reflex, offers a wide field of specular illumination, and magnifies the field two times. PMID- 6662801 TI - Posteriorly dislocated anterior chamber intraocular lens. AB - A case of a posteriorly dislocated anterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) is reported. PMID- 6662800 TI - Late detection of an intraocular foreign body after IOL implantation: a case report. AB - Report of an intraocular foreign body that was well-tolerated for over two years. PMID- 6662802 TI - Cortex removal at 12 o'clock. AB - A simple, safe, and effective method for removing residual cortex at 12 o'clock is presented. This technique can be used by surgeons who perform extracapsular cataract extractions and also facilitates the superior loop placement of a posterior chamber lens within the remaining capsule. PMID- 6662803 TI - An intraocular lens carrier. AB - An intraocular lens carrier for anterior and posterior chamber lenses has been developed. The device consists of a protective polypropylene envelope with an insertion leaf, which allows anterior chamber lenses to be inserted without iris or corneal touch and posterior chamber lenses to be guided into the ciliary sulcus or capsular bag with minimal or no haptic manipulation. + PMID- 6662804 TI - Studies on peptide antibiotics, leucinostatins. I. Separation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities of leucinostatins A and B. AB - Leucinostatin, a peptide antibiotic, was separated by silica gel and alumina column chromatography into two related components designated as leucinostatin A hydrochloride (C61H111-N11O13.HCl) and leucinostatin B hydrochloride (C61H109N11O13.HCl). Physico-chemical as well as biological properties of the two separated components were analyzed. These properties pointed to closely resembling chemical structures. PMID- 6662805 TI - Studies on peptide antibiotics, leucinostatins. II. The structures of leucinostatins A and B. AB - Structures I and II have been assigned to leucinostatins A and B based on fast atom bombardment, secondary ion, field desorption and chemical ionization mass spectrometry, NMR studies and chemical degradation methods of the intact antibiotics and their acid hydrolysis products. The essential difference between leucinostatins A and B is concluded to be the replacement of (2S)-N1,N1 dimethylpropane-1,2-diamine in leucinostatin A by (2S)-N1-methylpropane-1,2 diamine in leucinostatin B. This was further confirmed from the evidence that methylation with methyl iodide led each antibiotic to the identical compound which was named leucinostatin A-M (III). PMID- 6662806 TI - Fusidane antibiotics produced by dermatophytes. AB - Isolates of Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Epidermophyton floccosum were observed to produce antibacterial activities under cross-resistance to fusidic acid. The activity from E. floccosum was shown to be due to fusidic acid, diketofusidic acid and 3-ketofusidic acid. Possible contributions of these antibiotics to microbial interaction during dermatophytosis is discussed. PMID- 6662807 TI - Conversion of triostins to quinomycins by protoplasts of Streptomyces echinatus. AB - Protoplasts of Streptomyces echinatus have been used to investigate the biosynthesis of echinomycin (quinomycin A). It has been shown that this organism has the capacity to convert a series of triostins to the corresponding quinomycins by a mechanism involving methylation. Evidence is presented which suggests that triostin A is the natural precursor of echinomycin. Conversion of tetra-N-demethyl analogues of triostin A to corresponding analogues of echinomycin was not detected. PMID- 6662808 TI - Components and degradation compounds of the avoparcin complex. AB - The isolation and characterization of many of the components of the avoparcin complex are described. A number of mild degradations products from this complex are similarly treated. Conditions for the analytical and preparative HPLC resolution of these materials are outlined. PMID- 6662809 TI - Epimerization and stereochemistry of avoparcin. AB - The epimerization of avoparcin entities is discussed in some detail. The absolute stereochemistry of avoparcin is now known since the N-methyl terminal amino acid of the aglycone has been isolated and shown to exhibit negative optical rotation and hence has the R-configuration. The same amino acid has been isolated from an epimerized solution of avoparcin and found to have positive rotation and hence the S-configuration. A comparison is made of the CD curves of beta-avoparcin and epi-beta-avoparcin. Some discussion on the effect of protonation of the terminal N-methyl group on the antibacterial activity of avoparcin is included. PMID- 6662810 TI - High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of antibiotics of vancomycin type. Comparative studies. AB - Comparative HPLC examination of seven antibiotics of vancomycin type has been undertaken. Investigation has shown that on column I in eluent system B, ristomycin A (ristocetin A) can be not only separated from vancomycin, but both antibiotics can be quantitatively determined. Under these conditions the lowest detectable quantities of the individual antibiotics have been also stated. By the application of this column and eluent system A, ristomycin A (ristocetin A) and the major component of the A-35512 B antibiotic complex can be readily separated from one-another and from avoparcin alpha and beta. PMID- 6662812 TI - Ribosome-binding activities and antimicrobial activities of tylosin and its related compounds. AB - Structure-activity relationships of tylosin and related compounds were evaluated in terms of their antimicrobial and ribosome-binding activities. Demycarosyl derivatives, demycarosyltylosin and 20-deoxydemycarosylrelomycin, were slightly weaker than tylosin and 20-deoxyrelomycin, respectively, both in antimicrobial activity and in affinity to ribosomes. The corresponding demycarosyl-demycinosyl derivatives had weaker antimicrobial activities despite their relatively high affinities to ribosomes. A 23-deoxy-demycarosyl-demycinosyl derivative, 20-oxo-5 O-mycaminosylprotylonolide, had a higher affinity to ribosomes than that of tylosin and was equivalent to tylosin in antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria. These results suggest that the mycinose moiety increases the ability of the molecule to enter bacterial cells. Among the derivatives tested, a 23-iodo derivative, 20-deoxy-23-iodo-5-O-mycarosyltylonolide, had the highest affinity for ribosomes as well as the highest antimicrobial activity. PMID- 6662811 TI - Studies on tomaymycin. III. Synthesis and antitumor activity of tomaymycin analogs. AB - The syntheses and antitumor activity of tomaymycin analogs are described. Structural modification of such parts of tomaymycin as the ethylidenepyrrole ring, animal bond, and substituents of the benzene ring are discussed. PMID- 6662813 TI - Chemical modification of tylosin: synthesis of amino derivatives at C-20 position of tylosin and demycarosyltylosin. AB - Reductive aminations of the aldehyde group at C-20 position of tylosin and demycarosyltylosin (desmycosin) were carried out using primary and secondary amines in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride. Some of these derivatives brought about higher antimicrobial and ribosome-binding activities, and the structure-activity relationship is discussed. PMID- 6662814 TI - The biosynthesis of brominated pyrrolnitrin derivatives by Pseudomonas aureofaciens. AB - The mutant strain ACN of Pseudomonas aureofaciens ATCC 15926 produces several bromo derivatives of pyrrolnitrin. Five brominated amino- and three brominated nitrophenyl pyrrole compounds could be isolated, and their structures were established by 1H NMR, UV and mass spectroscopy. The isolated amino compounds showed no biological activity; the nitro derivatives inhibited the growth of Neurospora crassa ATCC 9276, though not as effective as pyrrolnitrin itself. 2 Carboxy-4-(2-amino-3-bromophenyl)pyrrole (X) is demonstrated to be an intermediate in the biosynthesis of brominated pyrrolnitrin; the biosynthetic pathway to bromo derivatives of pyrrolnitrin is discussed. PMID- 6662815 TI - Multiple resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in actinomycetes. AB - Actinomycetes were characterized in terms of resistance to 11 different aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs). Strains freshly isolated in AG containing media showed wide varieties of multiple AG resistance, while the majority of ISP (International Streptomyces Project) cultures and the actinomycete strains isolated in an AG free medium were susceptible to all or most of the AGs tested. Marked characteristics were noted in multiple AG resistance of gray and yellow colored actinomycetes and AG-producing strains. In gray colored isolates, multiple resistance to kanamycin A, dibekacin, ribostamycin, butirosin A, istamycin A and neamine was often observed. Yellow colored isolates having multiple AG resistance were mostly resistant to neamine, ribostamycin and streptomycin and, to a lesser extent, istamycin A, dibekacin and butirosin A. Most of the AG producers tested showed unique multiple AG resistance patterns. PMID- 6662817 TI - Quinone modified derivatives of cyanonaphthyridinomycin. PMID- 6662816 TI - The mode of action of a novel 18-membered macrolide, virustomycin A (AM-2604 A), on Trichomonas foetus. AB - The mode of action of virustomycin A, a novel 18-membered macrolide, on Trichomonas foetus was investigated. The antibiotic inhibited the biosynthesis of RNA, DNA and protein in the organism. The inhibition of RNA biosynthesis was the most severe. Virustomycin A repressed the incorporation of [3H]uridine into both acid-soluble and insoluble fractions, whereas actinomycin D inhibited the incorporation of [3H]uridine into acid-insoluble fraction alone. Furthermore, it was found that virustomycin A interfered with nucleotide formation from uridine and adenosine but not with their transport to the cells. On the other hand, the antibiotic did not inhibit the activities of uridine kinase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase in a cell-free extract from the organism. These data suggest that the antibiotic interferes with the formation of phosphate donor(s) (possibly ATP-forming system) of the organism. PMID- 6662818 TI - New antibiotics, algacidins A and B. PMID- 6662819 TI - Structure of a new antibacterial antibiotic, thiotetromycin. PMID- 6662820 TI - The structure of virustomycin A. PMID- 6662821 TI - Synthesis of arphamenine A and epi-arphamenine A. PMID- 6662822 TI - Relationship between antibiotic resistance and antibiotic productivity in actinomycetes which produce aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 6662824 TI - Cochlear ganglion cells in the alligator lizard. AB - Two types of ganglion cells are present in the cochlear ganglion of the alligator lizard. Myelinated cells are the predominant type but a small population of unmyelinated cells is also present. Ganglion cells are reconstructed and morphometrically analyzed from serial light and electron micrographs. The results are interpreted to indicate that the unmyelinated ganglion cells are degenerating neurons. No normal population of unmyelinated nerve fibers was found. The anatomy of the cochlear nerve of the lizard is described and compared with the mammalian auditory nerve. PMID- 6662825 TI - The ascending connections of the torus semicircularis central nucleus in Chrysemys scripta elegans. AB - Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the torus semicircularis central nucleus of the red-eared turtle Chrysemys scripta elegans. The following observations were made. Axons originating in the central nucleus project ipsilaterally through the tectoreuniens tract to the ipsilateral nucleus reunions. A second tract leaves the central nucleus medioventrally, courses under the floor of the cerebral aqueduct and terminates as an axonal field in the contralateral central nucleus. Finally, there was a small pathway to the deep layers of the ipsilateral optic tectum. PMID- 6662823 TI - Ammonium ion suppresses the biosynthesis of tylosin aglycone by interference with valine catabolism in Streptomyces fradiae. PMID- 6662826 TI - Late onset of auditory deprivation does not affect brainstem auditory neuron soma size. AB - Neuronal soma sizes from normal mice, mice with conductive losses from 45 days, and avocal mice subjected to sound deprivation from 45 days, were studied at 90 days, revealing no significant differences between groups for cochlear nuclear globular cells, or cells of medial nucleus of trapezoid body or inferior colliculus. PMID- 6662827 TI - Psychophysics and neurophysiology of repetition noise processing in a vertebrate auditory system. AB - The psychophysics and neurophysiology of repetition noise (RN) processing was studied in the goldfish. RN is the sum of a noise waveform with its delayed (by T s) repetition, which may be attenuated (by A dB), and inverted relative to the undelayed signal. Such a signal has a periodic spectrum with peaks separated by 1/T Hz, and a prominence in its autocorrelation function at T s. In usual environments, RN contains information about sound-reflecting surfaces. Delays in the range of 0.5-20 ms create pitch sensations in man. Psychophysical experiments using classical respiratory conditioning investigated the masking effectiveness of RN on tones, the detection of changes in delay (T) at various values of T, A and overall noise level, and the values of A required to bring a 20% delay discrimination to threshold. While the masking data define detection filters quite broadly tuned compared with man, various measures of delay discrimination are comparable to those for man. Unit responses from the auditory nerve are consistent with broadly tuned psychophysical filters, but in all cells studied show prominent inter-spike-interval (ISI) peaks which predict the delay values used to generate the RN. We conclude that the qualitative features of RN are coded in ISIs, and are processed by the CNS in the time domain. Similar mechanisms may be used by other vertebrate species in processing repetition noise. PMID- 6662828 TI - Early degeneration of sensory and ganglion cells in the inner ear of mice with uncomplicated genetic deafness (dn): preliminary observations. AB - Deafness (dn/dn) mouse cochlea was investigated by electron microscopy in order to detect the first postnatal signs of histopathology. At birth, the inner hair cells (IHCs) showed abnormal vacuolization, afferent dendrites at IHC level appeared swollen and devoid of cytoplasmic content, and most of the neurons of the spiral ganglion contained an abnormal smooth endoplasmic. At day 7, these abnormalities had greatly increased, especially in the spiral ganglion neurons where large patches of filamentous material were found. These observations can account for the permanent electrophysiological deafness of dn/dn mice. Moreover, these data, showing early cytological abnormalities in both the IHCs and the spiral ganglion neurons, indicate that it is difficult to simply classify the deafness mutation as being 'degenerative'; some 'morphogenetic' processes are likely also involved. PMID- 6662829 TI - Endolymphatic hydrops in the rabbit: auditory brainstem responses and cochlear morphology. AB - A rabbit model of endolymphatic hydrops was studied using detailed functional and cytohistologic methods. Immediately following surgical destruction of the endolymphatic sac and the distal portion of the duct, measures of the evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) revealed mild to profound losses specific to low- and high-frequency test stimuli while responses to mid-frequency signals remained unchanged for the majority of animals. Rabbits exhibited varying degrees of vestibular upset involving both overt behavior and reduced responses to caloric stimulation. Histologic processing of the plastic embedded cochleae demonstrated distended Reissner's membranes along with extensive damage to apical and basal turn sensory cells and myelinated afferent nerve fibers while the middle portion of the cochlear duct remained relatively unaltered. An atypical pattern of hair cell lesions involving a greater loss for inner than for outer hair cells was identified at the interface between damaged apical sensorineural elements and the normal appearing organ of Corti of the middle turns. PMID- 6662830 TI - The rapid estimation of microbial contamination of raw meat by measurement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). AB - Bacteria were separated from raw meat homogenate by a simple three-stage process. Centrifugation (10 s at 2000 g) removed coarse particles; stirring with the cation exchange resin Bio-Rex 70 removed smaller particles and filtration through 0.22 micron membranes removed soluble materials. By this process 70-80% of the microbial populations of meat homogenates were consistently isolated on the filters. A linear relationship was found between log10 microbial ATP and log10 colony count of meat over the range 10(5)-10(9) cfu/g. The value of ATP/cfu for meat samples was within the range previously reported for pure cultures. These data indicated that ATP extracted from the filters originated from bacteria in the meat samples. Several samples can be analysed simultaneously in an elapsed time of 20-25 min. The variability associated with estimates of both colony counts and ATP levels has been determined. PMID- 6662831 TI - Production and partial purification of a peptide antibiotic from Staphylococcus epidermidis. AB - When grown on solid or in liquid Brain Heart Infusion at 37 degrees C, Staphylococcus epidermidis NCIB 11536 produced antibiotic activity against a wide range of Gram positive bacteria. Production was influenced by aeration, pH, glucose concentration and specific growth rate. Inhibitory activity could be concentrated by ammonium sulphate precipitation (30-55% saturation). On Sephadex G50 using 0.05 mol/l sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.0, two peaks of antibiotic activity were detected. The first peak eluted with the void volume (Kd = 0) and the second peak was retained by the gel (Kd = 0.73-0.77). These two substances did not represent the monomeric and polymeric forms of a staphylococcal bacteriocin. The low mol. wt inhibitor, which was responsible for over 95% of the recovered activity on Sephadex G50, could be partially purified by a combination of gel filtration on Biogel P2 and ion-exchange chromatography on Sephadex C-25. Yields were increased by combining these two steps into a single procedure (duocolumn). The semi-purified inhibitor was desalted using Sep-pak C18 cartridges. Biological activity was resistant to enzymic denaturation except by high concentrations of trypsin (50 units/micrograms, 3 h, 25 degrees C). This peptide antibiotic is different from any previously described staphylococcal inhibitors. PMID- 6662832 TI - Nitrite loss and spoilage microflora development in chub-packed luncheon meat. AB - Residual nitrite was lost from chub-packed luncheon meat during storage through both chemical breakdown and microbial consumption. The relative importance of these mechanisms in this pasteurized product was determined by the speed of development of the spoilage microflora, which is influenced by storage conditions. The nitrite half-life due to chemical loss was 13 d at 25 degrees C and 36 d at 10 degrees C. When microbial growth occurred these half-lives were reduced to 2.6 d and 21 d, respectively. Qualitative differences in the microflora that developed at these two temperatures (denitrifying Bacillus spp. at 25 degrees C and non-denitrifying Streptococcus spp. at 10 degrees C) account for the large temperature effect. Growth of Streptococcus spp. increased the rate of chemical nitrite loss in chubs by reducing the pH value. Nitrite did not inhibit the aerobic growth of either Bacillus or Streptococcus species associated with spoilage but did inhibit the anaerobic growth of Bacillus spp. This bacteriostatic effect of residual nitrite in anaerobic conditions will decrease during storage as nitrite level falls and oxygen penetrates the chub pack. Nitrite-mediated bacteriostasis does not obviate the need for refrigerated storage but does afford a real, if ephemeral, safeguard against spoilage occurring during short periods of temperature abuse. PMID- 6662833 TI - Liposomes in antimicrobial chemotherapy. PMID- 6662834 TI - The in-vitro activity of bicozamycin against anaerobic bacteria of clinical interest. AB - The in-vitro activity of bicozamycin (bicyclomycin, CGP 3543E; FR 1881), an oral antidiarrhoeal agent, was assessed against 389 clinical isolates and reference strains of anaerobic bacteria. The compound inhibited the majority of Gram negative anaerobes at concentrations of 256 mg/l or less, but all of the test anaerobic cocci and 40 out of 43 strains of clostridia were resistant to this concentration, with MIC values usually in excess of 1024 mg/l. MBC values for bicozamycin against strains of Bacteroides fragilis were generally greatly in excess of MIC values. PMID- 6662835 TI - Synergy with double and triple antibiotic combinations compared. AB - Combinations of two sets of antibiotics (gentamicin-carbenicillin-rifampicin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole-carbenicillin-rifampicin) were tested against isolates of Pseudomonas maltophilia. An abbreviated checker-board method permitted tests with combinations of all three antibiotics and of each of the possible three pairs in each set. Triple combinations were usually synergistic, whereas 25% of combinations of pairs were antagonistic or additive. The modal degree of synergy was greater with combinations of three antibiotics than with combinations of any two. For any isolate, greater synergy was generally obtained with a triple than with a double combination, and the mean degree of synergy was always greater with triple than with double combinations. It was advantageous to add to double combinations even an antibiotic to which the organism was resistant. Organisms multiply resistant to three antibiotics were also resistant to 25% of combinations of pairs, but never resistant to combinations of all three. Synergy was more likely to be present at all antibiotic ratios with triple than with double combinations. Since ratios at the site of action may differ greatly from that of the administered combination, there would be substantial clinical benefit in identifying sets of antibiotics of which combinations at all ratios showed synergy. The search for these may entail exploring multicomponent combinations and, with conventional methods, this raises a considerable logistic problem. A strategy is therefore proposed, designed to find antibiotic sets showing synergy at all ratios. PMID- 6662836 TI - An evaluation of recently developed antibiotics. AB - A number of newer antibiotics, broad-spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins, have been evaluated against Gram-negative rods. The organisms were selected for multi-resistance and transferable resistance factors. None of the broad-spectrum penicillins was much use against most of the organisms. Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, latamoxef (moxalactam) and N-formimidoyl thienamycin were all highly effective against most multi-resistant Gram-negative bacilli; cefoperazone being inferior to them. Enterobacter and Serratia strains were relatively resistant to all the agents mentioned and against Acinetobacter only N-formimidoyl thienamycin showed much activity. Thus, use of these drugs may increase the proportion of infections due to organisms such as Serratia or Acinetobacter. PMID- 6662838 TI - Staphylococcal central nervous system infections treated with cloxacillin. AB - A retrospective review of 20 patients with staphylococcal central nervous system (CNS) infections treated with cloxacillin is presented. Eleven of these patients had Staphylococcus aureus meningitis secondary to neurosurgery or spontaneously induced. Six patients had ventricular shunt or drainage infection, two secondary to Staph. aureus and five grew Staph. epidermidis (with one mixed infection). Three patients presented with brain abscess, one with mixed anaerobic infection and all grew Staph. aureus. Cure with cloxacillin was achieved in 15 of the 20 patients. Failure of therapy was associated with doses of 6 g or less per day, and cure with doses of 12 g or more per day. Cloxacillin is effective in staphylococcal CNS infections when used in large parenteral doses. PMID- 6662837 TI - Regulation of protein A biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus by certain antibiotics: its effect on phagocytosis by leukocytes. AB - Protein A, a component of the outer layer of the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus impairs opsonization by serum complement and thereby delays phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Two antibiotics with modes of action on bacterial protein biosynthesis, have been used at sub-growth inhibitory concentrations to regulate the production of protein A. Both clindamycin and fusidic acid (either at 1/2 or 1/4 MIC) reduced the amount of protein A on the cell surface. Such drug-grown cells became more susceptible to phagocytic uptake and killing. Chemiluminescence (CL) of PMN when presented with preopsonized drug grown staphylococci was potentiated and correlated with the enhanced phagocytosis seen earlier. The level of CL appeared to depend upon the amount of human serum used to opsonize the bacteria. Reduced protein A content on the cell surface probably resulted in the exposure of a greater number of receptor sites for C3b, rendering the bacterium more susceptible to attachment and ingestion by the polymorphonuclear leukocyte. PMID- 6662839 TI - Clinical experience with a method for adjusting gentamicin dose from measured drug clearance. AB - Gentamicin clearance was measured in 26 patients by a method which requires four blood samples. Clearance was used to calculate mean steady state serum concentrations [Css] with the aim of maintaining Css within the range 2.5-3.0 mg/l. All of the patients who failed to respond to antibiotic treatment had adequate Css and peak levels; all of these patients had serious underlying problems to explain their poor response. In contrast some patients responded satisfactorily despite being apparently underdosed. In two patients poor clinical response was associated with low Css levels despite adequate doses and peak levels; both patients responded to increased doses. In patients with stable renal function doses calculated from initial clearance measurements did result in Css within the desired range. In patients with unstable renal function measurement of clearance gave a better indication of the severity of renal impairment than measurement of serum creatinine or peak and trough levels but the bioassay used was too slow to allow adequate dose adjustment. PMID- 6662840 TI - Comparative penetration of latamoxef (moxalactam) and cefazolin into human knee following simultaneous administration. AB - The penetration of latamoxef (moxalactam) and cefazolin into cancellous bone was compared in ten adult patients undergoing total knee replacement. Each patient received a ten milligram per kilogram bolus dose of both antibiotics at the induction of anaesthesia. Antibiotic bone concentrations were determined by HPLC. The mean serum concentrations of cefazolin were significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than those of latamoxef at all time periods. The absolute bone concentrations of cefazolin and latamoxef did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05). The method of simultaneous administration offers significant advantages over the conventional two group study design. PMID- 6662841 TI - The pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol in the neonate and young infant. AB - The peak and trough serum concentrations and total body clearance of chloramphenicol were determined by microbiological assay in a multicentre investigation of 90 babies. Chloramphenicol was administered by the intravenous, intramuscular or oral route and dosage ranged between 12 and 210 mg/kg/day. A wide variation in both serum levels and clearance amongst babies receiving the same dose was observed. Neonates (64) had significantly higher serum concentrations (P less than 0.001) and slower clearance (P less than 0.0001) than infants (26). Oral administration in neonates resulted in lower steady state serum levels (P less than 0.02) than those following intravenous administration. Term neonates cleared chloramphenicol more rapidly than their preterm contemporaries (P less than 0.005). Forty-one per cent of subjects had potentially toxic serum levels; subtherapeutic peak serum levels (less than 15 mg/l) were recorded in 39/90 babies. Concomitant penicillin therapy resulted in higher serum concentrations (P less than 0.05); phenobarbitone was not associated with increased clearance or lower steady state serum levels of chloramphenicol. Postnatal age and gestational age accounted for some of the variability in pharmacokinetic response to chloramphenicol. Although many babies receiving the recommended dose had serum levels within the accepted range (15-25 mg/l), others did not. Routine monitoring of chloramphenicol in every baby receiving this antibiotic is essential: the regimens of 18% babies in the present study were altered after assay. PMID- 6662842 TI - Learning and self-stimulation in mute and echolalic autistic children. AB - The effects of self-stimulation on task acquisition were studied in three mute low-functioning autistic and three echolalic higher-functioning autistic children in multiple-baseline designs. The study found that (a) the echolalic children were able to learn the task without external suppression of their self stimulation and (b) the mute children were unable to learn the task until their self-stimulation was externally suppressed. It was suggested that the echolalic children may have acquired the ability to discriminate when to self-stimulate, so that their self-stimulation does not interfere with correct responding. PMID- 6662843 TI - Gaze behavior: a new look at an old problem. AB - This article reviews the research and clinical literature that has investigated the topography and functions of eye-to-face gaze in normal children and adults. These data and data from a recent pilot study are then compared to the criteria typically used in eye-contact training programs with autistic children. This comparison reveals some educationally relevant discrepancies between the normative data and the training criteria. The need to base educational interventions for autistic individuals on normative standards is discussed, and suggestions for future research are provided. PMID- 6662845 TI - A memory pacer for improving stimulus generalization. PMID- 6662846 TI - Autistic behaviors in a boy with Noonan syndrome. PMID- 6662844 TI - Minor physical anomalies and behavior in children: a review. AB - The recent literature concerning minor physical anomalies (MPA) and their relation to behavior is reviewed. Research seems to indicate that for males there is considerable consistency in the results but the finding with females is tenuous at best. It appears that a high number of MPA are evident in several pathological groups of boys, as compared with normal controls. In addition, there is a suggestion that MPA are correlated with severity of hyperactivity, IQ, and school achievement. Furthermore, there is also a relationship between a high number of MPA and obstetrical complications. The etiology of MPA and their utility in predicting pathological behavior is discussed. PMID- 6662849 TI - Digital intravenous angiography system: a description. PMID- 6662847 TI - [Injection technics in digital angiography]. PMID- 6662848 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography in screening for renovascular hypertension: a comparative study of 100 patients]. PMID- 6662850 TI - The use of contrast media in digital subtraction angiography. PMID- 6662851 TI - Digital subtraction angiography in the diagnostic evaluation of a sellar region tumor. PMID- 6662852 TI - Autonomic neuropathy in the alloxan-diabetic rat. AB - This study was designed to correlate functional and ultrastructural examination of the innervation of the atria and vas deferens of rats with long-term alloxan induced diabetes mellitus. After 7-8 months of diabetes the responses of preparations in vitro to nerve stimulation and to exogenous autonomic transmitter were compared with those from age-matched controls. Right atria from controls and diabetics were equally responsive to noradrenergic nerve stimulation and to exogenous noradrenaline. Left atria from diabetic rats were supersensitive to both noradrenaline and acetylcholine. The left atria gave normal inotropic responses to noradrenergic nerve stimulation but responses to cholinergic nerve stimulation were absent. The vasa deferentia from both groups gave similar responses to noradrenergic nerve stimulation and to noradrenaline. The electron microscope revealed many abnormal, degenerate noradrenergic nerve profiles in both right atria and vas deferens. No cholinergic terminals were found in the right atria. These findings indicate that this form of experimental diabetes causes parasympathetic denervation of the heart with some indications of degeneration of sympathetic nerves. PMID- 6662853 TI - Beta-adrenoreceptor-mediated modulation of vasoconstriction in rat isolated perfused mesenteric arteries. AB - Pressor responses to bolus injections of noradrenaline (NA) were studied, in the isolated perfused rat mesenteric arterial bed, in the presence of beta adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists, in an attempt to identify a possible beta-adrenoreceptor mediated modulation of catecholamine-induced vasoconstrictor effects. NA-induced responses were potentiated in the presence of timolol and ( )propranolol and suppressed in the presence of (-)isoprenaline; (+)isoprenaline was less effective against the NA-induced responses. Timolol attenuated the effects of (-)isoprenaline on NA-induced responses but not those of the stereoisomer (+)isoprenaline. It is concluded that the NA-induced pressor effect in the rat mesenteric vasculature is the net result of vasoconstrictor alpha- and vasodilator beta-adrenoreceptor activation and that the interaction of the two opposing adrenoreceptor-mediated effects represents a 'physiological antagonism'. PMID- 6662855 TI - Infection of macronuclear anlagen of Paramecium caudatum with the macronucleus specific symbiont Holospora obtusa. AB - The gram-negative bacterium Holospora obtusa is an endonuclear symbiont of Paramecium caudatum, which is incorporated into the host cells via the food vacuoles and infects their macronucleus exclusively, but never the micronucleus. Since these two kinds of nuclei originate from a fertilization nucleus, it is assumed that the macronucleus acquires a property necessary for it to be recognized by the bacterium at a certain time during the nuclear differentiation process. We found that this property is acquired by four of the eight postzygotic nuclei as soon as the four nuclei differentiate morphologically into the macronuclear anlagen. PMID- 6662854 TI - Relationships between intramembranous particles and surface coat carbohydrates in cells of a compact tissue. AB - The structural relationships between intramembranous particles (IMPs) and surface carbohydrates have been studied in cells of a compact tissue--uterine epithelial cells--using an in vivo technique. This involves introducing small amounts of glycerol into the uterine lumen of anaesthetized rats. The treatment results in extensive aggregation of IMPs in the apical plasma membrane of the epithelial cells, but no change in the distribution of several surface carbohydrates could be detected. Our findings indicate that, in this case, the carbohydrates are not the surface expression of the IMPs, which are generally believed to represent integral membrane proteins. We suggest that the structural relationships between IMPs and surface carbohydrates in the plasma membrane of this compact tissue cell are more similar to those in membranes of free-floating nucleated cells than to those in the much-studied erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 6662856 TI - The interval of the cytoplasmic cycle observed in non-nucleate egg fragments is longer than that of the cleavage cycle in normal eggs of Xenopus laevis. AB - Non-nucleate fragments of animal eggs are known to show a cyclic change in rigidity similar to the change observed in the cleavage of normal eggs. The interval of cyclic change was compared with that of the cleavage cycle in Xenopus eggs. Procedures employed by both Hara and co-workers and Sakai & Kubota to obtain non-nucleate fragments were carefully repeated. Non-nucleate fragments produced by either of those procedures had a longer duration of cycle than the normal cleavage cycle (about 30%). By injection of colchicine or vinblastine the cycle of the nucleate fragment was lengthened to coincide with that of the non nucleate partner. It is suggested that the basic cycle length intrinsic to egg cytoplasm is modulated by assembly-disassembly of the mitotic apparatus, as demonstrated by Sluder in the chromosome cycle of sea urchin eggs. PMID- 6662857 TI - The positions of centromeres on the somatic metaphase plate of grasses. AB - Centromere positions on the metaphase plate of 48 root-tip cells of four grass species were analysed using metaphases reconstructed from electron micrographs of serial thin sections. Centromere alignment was almost perfect on a plane in 15 untreated metaphases of cereals where 2n = 14; only 2% of the total variance in centromere position was out of the plane of the metaphase plate. In 23 similar cells pretreated with ice-water, the mean out-of-plate variance was 9%, compared to an expectation of 18% if centromeres were positioned randomly in space. In cold-treated cells of Zea mays (2n = 20), the out-of-plate variance (14%) was significantly less than a random expectation of 20%. The distances of centromeres from the mean centromere position (MCP) were also analysed. They showed that the centromeres tended to be normally distributed about a circle around the MCP in all the species. Thus centromeres tend towards a ring arrangement in metaphase cells. Analysis of separation distances of all pairs of centromeres in each reconstructed cell showed that the distribution of distances between centromeres is not random: there are significantly fewer centromeres that are close together and more that are at medium separation distances than is expected on a random basis. This is different from previously published assumptions about centromere disposition in squashed metaphases. PMID- 6662858 TI - Units of chromosome replication and packing. AB - Fusion between mitotic and S-phase cells induces the formation of prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) in the interphase partner. Viewed in the light microscope, S-phase PCC derived from the Indian muntjac appear to be fragmented and heterogeneous. In scanning electron micrographs prepared by an osmium impregnation technique, which avoids the need to sputter-coat the specimen, the S phase fragments derived from an individual cell are resolved into about 1000 fibre aggregates, together with more dispersed fibres. Aggregates are roughly spherical and vary in diameter between about 0.25 and 1.6 micron. The spatial distribution of the aggregates shows some order: chains of single aggregates and, less commonly, duplicated chains occur. Regions of the PCC where the fibres are more dispersed are considered to be likely candidates for sites of replication at the time of fusion. The relationship between the condensed aggregate structure of the S-phase PCC and replication clusters is discussed, and also the assembly of aggregates to form metaphase chromosomes. PMID- 6662859 TI - Investigation of the cell cycle response of normal and Fanconi's anaemia fibroblasts to nitrogen mustard using flow cytometry. AB - Cell survival has been measured in normal and Fanconi's anaemia (FA) human fibroblasts after treatment with the bifunctional alkylating agent, nitrogen mustard (HN2). Two FA cell lines exhibited 6- to 10-fold greater sensitivity than the normal cell line. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the effects of HN2 on cell cycle progression of normal and FA cells. After 0.1 microgram/ml HN2 (surviving fraction, s.f. = 0.8) normal cells exhibited an S phase accumulation within 6 h, followed by a transient G2 delay. At higher doses of HN2, the S phase delay became more pronounced and there was considerably greater accumulation of cells in G2. HN2 at 0.01 microgram/ml (s.f. = 0.8) induced no detectable S or G2 delay in FA cells. A higher dose, 0.1 microgram/ml (s.f. = 0.13 and 0.29), again induced no S phase delay, but a gradual accumulation of cells in G2 was observed up to 78 h after treatment. The presence of an S phase delay in normal cells after HN2 treatment may be important in allowing time for DNA repair before completion of DNA synthesis. The absence of such a delay in FA cells suggests that an inability to delay S phase traverse in response to DNA damage from bifunctional alkylating agents may contribute to the sensitivity of FA cells to such drugs. PMID- 6662860 TI - Dimethylsulphoxide induction of the murine macrophage-like line P388D1: change of phagocytic ability and cell surface properties. AB - The murine macrophage-like cell line P388D1 ingests immunoglobulin-coated sheep red cells (IgG-SRC) poorly, but after 3 days incubation in the presence of 1.5% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), it becomes highly phagocytic. We used this model to correlate triggering of phagocytosis with some surface properties of P388D1 cells, possibly involved in recognition or engulfment of particles. The accessibility of Fc receptors on the cell membranes did not seem to be affected by DMSO treatment since the binding of IgG-SRC to cells was the same before and after treatment with DMSO. A technique allowing quantitative determination of the stability of cell-particle binding showed that binding strength was not the only essential factor in triggering ingestion. Hydrophobicity and surface charge were postulated to play a role in phagocytic recognition. No change in hydrophobicity, as assayed by contact-angle measurement, and in net surface charge evaluated by cell electrophoresis, was observed for normal and DMSO-treated P388D1 cells. On the other hand, the fluorescence polarization of a membrane lipophilic probe (1,6 diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene) was significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased when P388D1 cells were treated with DMSO. Since the effect of DMSO on P388D1 function was delayed, our results were consistent with the view that enhancement of phagocytosis might be a consequence of some modification of membrane dynamics, due to changes in lipid composition. PMID- 6662861 TI - Effect of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein glycosylation, on division of tumour cells in vitro. AB - We determined the effect tunicamycin (TM), an inhibitor of protein glycosylation, had on cells in vitro that were derived from solid and ascites variants of a chemically induced rat hepatoma. Using flow microfluorometry (FMF), labelling index (LI), and population-doubling time assays, we monitored the progression of cells through the cell cycle after treatment with TM. Cells in monolayer culture were first incubated in 0.05 or 0.10 micrograms TM/ml medium for 24 h then analysed or given fresh medium without TM and allowed to recover for 6-24 h. Exposing cells to 0.05-0.50 micrograms TM/ml medium did not affect the percentage of viable cells as determined using the Trypan Blue exclusion procedure. However, continuous exposure to 0.05 micrograms TM/ml medium did affect the population doubling times of both the ascites and solid variants, and the ascites tumour cells were more sensitive than the solid tumour cells. TM reversibly inhibited hepatoma cells from entering S phase of the cell cycle. After exposure to TM for 24 h, the percentage of solid tumour cells in vitro in S phase decreased to 19%, as determined by autoradiography of tritiated-thymidine-labelled cells, and to 21% as determined by FMF; 49% of untreated solid tumour cells were in S phase. The percentage of ascites tumour cells in vitro decreased to 12% after exposure to TM for 24 h; 37% of untreated cells were in S phase. We concluded that TM can inhibit division of rat hepatoma cells in vitro by blocking them in G1 phase of the cell cycle. PMID- 6662862 TI - Effects of respiratory-burst stimuli on the flow properties of pig blood neutrophils. AB - Stimulants of the neutrophil respiratory burst, both soluble and crystalline, greatly inhibit the flow of cells through a Nuclepore filter with 5 micron diameter pores. The stimuli appear to reduce cell deformability by a mechanism independent of the activation of respiration, since inhibitors of the respiratory burst (N-phenyl maleimide, quercetin) are without effect on the change. It is suggested that stimuli reduce membrane deformability rather than cause aggregation, since slowing of flow is independent of cell density and is much less when the filter pore size is increased to 8 micron. The technique, recently used to study alterations in erythrocyte deformability, may be appropriate for investigating leucocyte flow in some clinical disorders. PMID- 6662864 TI - Prometaphase forces towards opposite spindle poles are not independent: an on/off control system is identified by ultraviolet microbeam irradiations. AB - Individual spindle fibres in prometaphase spermatocytes of the cricket, Neocurtilla hexadactyla, were irradiated with an ultraviolet microbeam. The stretched heteromorphic bivalent (X2Y) contracted to about 75% of its pre irradiation length after irradiation of either of its two oppositely directed spindle fibres (i.e., the X2 or Y spindle fibre). The X2Y bivalent also contracted after irradiation of the connection between the kinetochores of the univalent X1 chromosome and the Y chromosome but it did not contract after irradiation of autosomal spindle fibres or of the spindle fibre of the X1 univalent sex chromosome. The spindles sometimes shrank after irradiation, but contraction of the X2Y bivalent was independent of spindle shrinkage. The data strongly suggest that the oppositely directed forces on a bivalent are not independent. One reason is that the X2Y contractions were asymmetrical: during contraction one kinetochore remained fixed in position while the other kinetochore (facing the opposite pole) moved towards the equator. In 75% of the cases the stationary kinetochore was associated with the irradiated spindle fibre. Thus, we suggest that the irradiation of a spindle fibre produces a state analogous to rigor in the irradiated spindle fibre and, because of effects on the control system, produces relaxation of tension in the oppositely directed non irradiated spindle fibre, so that the kinetochore associated with the non irradiated spindle fibre moves towards the equator. These experiments have identified a control system that coordinates force production to opposite poles. PMID- 6662863 TI - Isolation and ultrastructural characterization of secretory mutants of Tetrahymena thermophila. AB - Isolation of 14-secretory mutants (exo-) of Tetrahymena thermophila and ultrastructural characterization (freeze-fracture and thin-section) of two of these (SB255 and SB258) are described. The site of secretion is marked by an intramembrane particle array, the rosette, beneath which the secretory organelle rests. Using Alcian Blue (8GS) as a secretagogue, a screening procedure for exo- cells was developed. Of the resulting 14 clones isolated, 10 are stable and have a tight mutant phenotype. Two of these, SB255 and SB258, lack assembled rosettes. Electron microscopy shows that SB255 has a reduced total number of mucocysts, whereas SB258 appears to have the normal number. This study demonstrates a useful eukaryotic model with which to study by genetic dissection the regulatory mechanisms involved in membrane events in secretion. PMID- 6662866 TI - Disadvantaged 11-year-olds. PMID- 6662865 TI - Crawling-like movements, adhesion to solid substrata and chemokinesis of neutrophil granulocytes. AB - We analysed the chemokinetic actions of fMet-Leu-Phe (FMLP) and human serum albumin (HSA) on preparations of human neutrophils. Our work focused on the extent to which these agents, individually or in combination, affected locomotion by inducing changes in motile activity and/or the degree of cellular adhesion to the substratum. Because polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) preparations derived from different individuals were found to exhibit broad variations in their basal motility and level of adhesiveness to glass substrata, it became of major interest to clarify mechanisms responsible for the reported variations in neutrophil responses to FMLP. We performed detailed studies on three separate PMN preparations, which differed in terms of their basal motility and adhesiveness. The unequivocal findings that emerged from this study were as follows: (1) HSA did not stimulate or modify motility of cells in suspension. Its orthokinetic effect was exclusively due to its capacity to decrease adhesion to the substratum. It prevented immobilization of motile cells that made contact with the substratum. (2) The orthokinetic effect of FMLP was primarily due to its effects on motility, but there were also secondary effects on spreading and adhesion. The peak chemokinetic activity of FMLP occurred at 10(-8)M, when measured by the two-filter count method and this was correlated with the percentage of polarized neutrophils in suspension. (3) The response to HSA and/or FMLP depended on the basal activity of the cells. If the cells were non-motile and spherical, HSA had no chemokinetic effect. Such an effect was only observed with cells that were initially motile. In contrast, the stimulatory effect of FMLP on motility and locomotion was marked in cases where basal motile activity of the neutrophils was low. If the basal motile activity was high, motility and locomotion could not be stimulated further. Therefore, the chemokinetic effects of HSA and FMLP can be predicted when one knows the basal motile activity of the neutrophils. The variable effect of FMLP on adhesion may also contribute to the regulation of locomotion. These findings help to explain earlier conflicting reports on the chemokinetic effect of FMLP. (4) FMLP can elicit simultaneous changes in motility and adhesiveness, which may have synergistic or antagonistic effects on locomotion. (5) The average speed of the whole neutrophil population is essentially regulated by changes in the proportion of locomoting cells and not, or to a lesser extent, by changes in the speed of the locomoting subset.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6662867 TI - The analysis of [14C]clofibric acid glucuronide and [14C]clofibric acid in plasma and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the quantitation of [14C]clofibric acid glucuronide and [14C]clofibric acid using conventional scintillation counting. The assay has a linear relationship between the added and observed ratios of clofibric acid glucuronide: clofibric acid in the range of 0.001-0.6 for plasma and 0.5-100 for urine, and is able to quantitate previously unmeasurable concentrations of clofibric acid glucuronide in plasma. PMID- 6662868 TI - Reversed-phase chromatography of fenflumizole, a new potential anti-inflammatory agent, and its application in pharmacokinetic studies in rat, dog and man. AB - Two high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for quantitation of fenflumizole in biological fluids are described. Fenflumizole is a new agent with demonstrable anti-inflammatory properties in laboratory rodents. The major difference between the two methods lies in the utilization of fluorescence detection of the column eluate in assay II as compared to the less selective ultraviolet-visible detection used in assay I. Assay II appeared suitable for monitoring metabolites in addition to the parent compound. The quantitation limit of plasma fenflumizole was below 10 ng/ml for assay I and approximately 100 pg/ml for assay II. The reproducibility within a plasma concentration range of 50-150 ng/ml was below 7% (standard deviation) in both assays. Fenflumizole was found to be subject to photodecomposition. The impact of this on the analytical performance was evaluated and precautionary measures were assessed. The reliability of the analytical methods is examined and their applicability in in vivo studies conducted in rat, dog, and man. PMID- 6662869 TI - Determination of quinidine in serum by spectrofluorometry, liquid chromatography and fluorescence scanning thin-layer chromatography. AB - Quinidine is determined in serum by direct and extraction spectrofluorometry, by reflectance fluorescence scanning thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Least-squares analyses of patients' sera (n = 62) analyzed first by direct fluorometry (x) and then HPLC (y) gave a slope of 0.52, an y-intercept of -0.40, a standard error of estimate of 0.65, and a correlation coefficient of 0.83. Comparison of patients' sera (n = 59) determined by extraction fluorometry (x) and then HPLC (y) gave a slope of 0.998, an y-intercept of -0.175, a standard error of estimate of 0.30, and a correlation coefficient of 0.96. Comparison of patients' sera (n = 36) by HPLC (x) and then reflectance fluorescence scanning TLC (y) gave a slope of 0.837, an y-intercept of 0.152, and a correlation coefficient of 0.94. Methaqualone and oxazepam interfere with HPLC. Within-run precision is 1.6, 1.0, 5.2 and 3.0% by direct fluorometry, extraction fluorometry, TLC and HPLC while between-run precision is 5, 3.5, 9 and 6.0%, respectively. PMID- 6662871 TI - The measurement of methylamines in biological material using a gas chromatographic head space gas technique. PMID- 6662870 TI - Volatile carboxylic acid profiling in physiological fluids. PMID- 6662872 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of estrogens in human urine. PMID- 6662873 TI - Extraction and separation of androstenedione from products of aromatase assays on micro-columns of magnesium oxide. PMID- 6662874 TI - A simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of rat serum uric acid by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 6662875 TI - Quantitation of gangliosides by scanning densitometry of thin-layer chromatography plates. PMID- 6662876 TI - Further improvement of the fluorometric assay for hydroxyproline. PMID- 6662877 TI - Identification of a metabolite of propafenone in human urine by means of high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. PMID- 6662878 TI - Gas chromatographic assay of codeine in human plasma utilizing nitrogen-selective detection. PMID- 6662879 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of oxprenolol in human plasma. PMID- 6662880 TI - A simple and sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the determination of 5' methylthioadenosine in tissues. PMID- 6662881 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of 5-chloroaminotoluene in rats. PMID- 6662882 TI - Determination of metoprolol in human blood plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6662883 TI - Quantitative determination of almitrine in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6662884 TI - Determination of alcuronium dichloride in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography without solvent extraction. PMID- 6662885 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of aprindine and its active desethyl metabolite in plasma. PMID- 6662886 TI - Determination of a novel antitussive agent 2',4'-dimethyl-6'-methoxy-3-(2 methylpiperidyl)-propionaldehyde in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6662887 TI - Determination of N-mononitrosopiperazine and N,N'-dinitrosopiperazine in human urine, gastric juice and blood. AB - A rapid, selective and sensitive method for the determination of N mononitrosopiperazine and N,N'-dinitrosopiperazine in human urine, gastric juice and blood has been developed using gas-liquid chromatography with thermal energy analysis. The compounds were isolated by extraction and Extrelut with dichloromethane or chloroform. The detection limits were between 0.2 and 2 ng/ml. PMID- 6662888 TI - Analysis of filter-paper-absorbed, finger-stick blood samples for chloroquine and its major metabolite using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - Methodology has been developed to facilitate the collection, transport, and analysis of blood samples in studies of chloroquine absorption and metabolism. The method utilizes high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection to quantify chloroquine and its major metabolite, desethylchloroquine, in 100-microliters quantities of blood collected on filter paper. Detection limits are 5 ng/ml for both analytes. No loss of either analyte occurred from filter-paper-collected blood spots stored over a twelve-weeks' period at room temperature. Filter-paper-collected, finger-stick blood spots give values for each analyte comparable to corresponding determinations on venous, whole-blood samples. The HPLC mobile phase selected has general applicability to the separation of antimalarial drugs. The methodology permits effective assessment of chloroquine prophylaxis compliance and parasite drug resistance in remote, malaria-endemic regions. PMID- 6662889 TI - Analysis of erythromycin in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed for the quantitative determination of major erythromycin components and their potential metabolites or degradation products in plasma and urine. An ether extract of alkalized plasma sample was chromatographed on a reversed-phase column and the components in the column effluent were monitored by an electrochemical detector. The recovery of the drug from extraction was virtually 100%. The detection limits for erythromycin A in plasma were 5-10 ng/ml and 30 ng/ml using 1 and 0.2 ml of sample, respectively. For urine samples, a simple one-step deproteinization with two volumes of acetonitrile was satisfactory for analysis. The method has been evaluated in plasma and urine from dogs receiving oral or intravenous erythromycin A. The standard curves for potential metabolites or degradation products were not constructed due to the lack of sufficient samples. PMID- 6662890 TI - Determination of pheophorbide a, pyropheophorbide a and phytol. PMID- 6662891 TI - Determination of cyclamate by high-performance liquid chromatography with indirect photometry. AB - Most artificial sweeteners have been determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, but not cyclamate. We propose a simple method using standard equipment without any chemical reaction involving the cyclamate ion by applying the technique of indirect photometry. Saccharin, dulcin and aspartame may also be determined, if present. PMID- 6662892 TI - Rapid quantitation of ultraviolet-induced thymine-containing dimers in human cell DNA by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Rapid and efficient separation of all three types of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimer (Pyr mean value of Pyr) species induced in cellular DNA by far-ultraviolet (UV) light (chiefly 254 nm) has been achieved by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using octadecylsilyl stationary phases. The order of elution is: (Ura mean value of Ura) less than (Ura mean value of Thy) less than (Thy mean value of Thy) less than Thy. The determination of Pyr mean value of Pyr species in DNA from UV-irradiated, [3H]thymidine-labelled human skin fibroblasts in tissue culture is demonstrated for far-UV fluences as low as 10 J/m2. The ability to measure specifically individual dimer types allowed demonstration of comparable kinetics of repair for two labelled dimer species (Ura mean value of Thy and Thy mean value of Thy). PMID- 6662893 TI - Assay for monoamine oxidases A and B by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - A sensitive method for the assay of monoamine oxidases A and B is described which employs high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Rat brain mitochondria were used as a preparation of the enzymes. p Sulfamoylbenzaldehyde and benzaldehyde formed enzymatically from p sulfamoylbenzylamine (the substrate of monoamine oxidase A) and benzylamine (the substrate of monoamine oxidase B), respectively, are converted simultaneously into fluorescent compounds with 2,2'-dithiobis(1-aminonaphthalene). These compounds are separated by reversed-phase chromatography on mu Bondapak CN. The limits of detection for p-sulfamoylbenzaldehyde and benzaldehyde formed enzymatically are 30 and 10 pmol per assay tube, respectively. PMID- 6662894 TI - Quantitative gas chromatographic determination of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene in whole rat blood at part per trillion levels. PMID- 6662895 TI - Quantitative determination of ethylenediamine in a laboratory rodent diet by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6662896 TI - [Critical assessment of extra-dural fat transplantation in spinal surgery]. PMID- 6662897 TI - [Craniometric studies on Indian children]. PMID- 6662898 TI - [Roentgenographic studies of soft tissues with special reference to small tumors and nodules]. PMID- 6662899 TI - [Morphological investigation of the lumbar sympathetic nerve trunks and ganglia of the human fetus]. PMID- 6662900 TI - [Analysis of F-wave in patients with intervertebral disc herniations]. PMID- 6662901 TI - [Histological study on the relation between the bronchial mucosal changes and development of lung cancer]. PMID- 6662902 TI - [Atypical epithelium of the stomach, with special reference to the definition of group III]. PMID- 6662903 TI - Evaluation of lymphocyte electrophoresis in patients with urogenital cancers. PMID- 6662904 TI - Diffuse cerebral swelling. Part 2. The measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP) and prognosis. PMID- 6662905 TI - Trisomy 9 mosaicism: another etiology for the manifestations of Goldenhar syndrome. AB - A term female infant with intrauterine growth retardation and multiple congenital anomalies had trisomy 9 mosaicism in blood and skin fibroblast cultures. Anomalies typical of Goldenhar syndrome included an epibulbar dermoid, auricular malformation, hemifacial microsomia, vertebral anomalies, cardiac defects, pulmonary hypoplasia, renal hypoplasia, and limb defects. This case emphasizes the value of chromosomal evaluation of lateral asymmetry, the heterogenous etiology of Goldenhar syndrome, and the variable phenotypes produced by trisomy of large autosomes. PMID- 6662906 TI - Abnormal facial development in the mouse mutant first arch. AB - The first arch mutation in mice, far, causes specific severe craniofacial defects, different from those caused by other craniofacial mutations. The purpose of the present study was to define the facial defects in far homozygotes, to identify heterozygote expression, if any, and to investigate the embryogenesis of the defect. A genetic study and a developmental study were done. The genetic study showed that only far homozygotes, observed on day 18 of gestation, have cleft palate, pointed snout, and deficiency and disorganized pattern of maxillary vibrissae. Approximately 75% have open eye(s). In addition, only far homozygotes lack infraorbital vibrissa(e) (76%) or have facial skin tags (62%). Thus, the missing infraorbital vibrissa(e) and disturbed maxillary vibrissa pattern could be used to identify far/far embryos for developmental study. The developmental study showed that all of the defects observed in far homozygotes at birth can be accounted for by abnormalities present on day 12 of gestation. Both the palatal shelves and the vibrissal ridges are deficient and irregular. The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve is abnormal and associated with a streaming and swirling pattern of mesenchymal cells between vibrissae and palate. No aberrations in cell density are apparent on day 12. The primary defect in the far mutation is not known, but all of the defects derive specifically from the maxillary facial process, one portion of the first branchial arch. PMID- 6662907 TI - Distribution of glycosaminoglycans in the developing facial region of mouse embryos. AB - Synthesis and distribution of glycosaminoglycans in the developing facial region of mouse embryos were investigated during stages of development when the embryonic facial processes form and expand. Facial regions of 11th and 12th day embryos were either 1) labeled with 3H-glucosamine and newly synthesized glycosaminoglycans determined on the basis of specific enzyme sensitivity, or 2) sectioned and stained with Alcian Blue coupled with enzyme digestion in order to localize glycosaminoglycans. On the basis of enzyme sensitivity over half of the newly synthesized glycosaminoglycans during this time period were identified as hyaluronate, with only 12-15% representing chondroitin sulfate. Hyaluronate was found to be the primary component of the extracellular matrix. Basal laminae exhibited prominent chondroitin sulfate staining and also appeared to contain hyaluronate and heparan sulfate. It is suggested that hyaluronate may play a structural role in maintaining the shape and orientation of the facial processes. PMID- 6662908 TI - Effect of triamcinolone acetonide on proliferation and collagen and glycosaminoglycan syntheses in palatal mesenchymal cells from the mouse fetus. AB - The present study was performed 1) to demonstrate the direct effects of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) at various concentrations on mouse fetal palatal mesenchyme (MFPM) cells with special reference to proliferating activity and collagen and glycosaminoglycan syntheses, and 2) to determine whether the effects of TA were glucocorticoid (GC) receptor-mediated. A low concentration of TA (10( 10) M) stimulated proliferating activity and hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis. As TA concentrations were increased, proliferating activity and collagen synthesis were suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner, with especially marked suppression occurring at 10(-7) -10(-5) M. Rather mild reductions were observed in the rates of HA and total cellular protein synthesis. Further, it was demonstrated that MFPM cells have a single population of specific, high-affinity, saturable GC receptors which have an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 17 nM; and there are 24.2 X 10(4) binding sites per cell. Moreover, antagonistic effects of progesterone were observed on proliferating activity and collagen synthesis, suggesting that the responses of the cells to GC are receptor mediated. The results show that MFPM cells are capable of responding to both physiological and pharmacological levels of GC directly, suggesting that either endogenous or exogenous high levels of GC may have the potential to interfere with mouse palate formation by perturbing the proliferating activity and synthesis of macromolecules in palatal mesenchymal cells. PMID- 6662909 TI - Basal lamina persistence during epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in murine tooth development in vitro. AB - Numerous investigations have demonstrated the necessity of mesenchymal instruction for epithelial differentiation during epidermal organogenesis. In the specific case of tooth formation, cap-stage tooth organ mesenchyme instructs epithelial differentiation into ameloblasts with production of enamel extracellular matrix. The "instructive event" is presumed to be direct cell contact. Mesenchyme-mediated cell contact with adjacent epithelia is assumed to "instruct" epithelial differentiation into ameloblasts. If this were true, basal lamina removal and mesenchyme cell contact with epithelia would be prerequisites for epithelial cytodifferentiation and morphogenesis in the developing tooth system. To test this hypothesis, we designed experiments to evaluate basal lamina stability during epithelial differentiation into ameloblasts. Our studies utilized cap-stage murine molar tooth organs, a serumless and chemically defined medium (PYMS), metabolic isotopic labeling of basal lamina constituents, biochemical methods to analyze macromolecular stability throughout 10 days of organ culture in vitro, and immunological methods to localize the distribution of laminin and fibronectin. Our results indicate that (3H)glucosamine is incorporated into basement membranes present in Theiler stage 25 mandibular mouse molar tooth organ. At this stage, the isotope was incorporated into high molecular weight macromolecules. Specific enzyme methods coupled with electrophoresis and fluorography demonstrated that (3H)glucosamine was incorporated into proteoglycans containing chondroitin sulfates, dermatan sulfate, and hyaluronate. After 10 days in vitro the radiolabeled material remained localized in these same molecules, indicating stability of these constituents within basement membranes. Ultrastructural observations indicated that the basal lamina was not removed during ameloblast differentiation in vitro using PYMS medium. Laminin and fibronectin were localized in the basement membranes during cap stages and did not disappear during subsequent morphogenesis and differentiation. Mesenchymal cells appear to mediate epithelial differentiation in vitro using PYMS medium without a removal of the basal lamina. PMID- 6662910 TI - A genetic analysis of the mandible and maxilla in the rat. AB - A quantitative genetic analysis of eight osteometric traits from the oral region together with femur length in the rat are described. The relevant questions being examined are (1) the heritability of each trait; (2) the relative contribution of genetic, maternal environmental, and residual environmental effects to the correlation between the oral traits, and (3) genetic and nongenetic components of the correlation between the oral traits and overall body size. Some quantitative genetic aspects of covarying traits is briefly reviewed with special emphasis on allometric variation. Phenotypic regression coefficients from log-transformed data (= allometry coefficients) of oral traits onto femur length are partitioned into components due to genetic, maternal environmental, residual environmental, and total environmental causes. All phenotypic regression coefficients and all but one based on an environmentally determined covariance component are significantly different from zero, suggesting a substantial body size effect in the oral region resulting from nonheritable causes. However, three genetic coefficients from regressions of oral traits to femur length are not different from zero, indicating a genetic correlation with body size in five traits but not in three others. A principal components analysis was carried out on the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations of the eight oral traits to provide a multivariate depiction of the components of covariation in the maxilla and mandible of the rat. General multivariate effects due to body size together with group or special effects are demonstrated for each component of morphogenesis. PMID- 6662911 TI - Data deterioration and public health policy. PMID- 6662912 TI - The paradox of the missing institute. PMID- 6662913 TI - Research and demonstration projects in community cardiovascular disease prevention. PMID- 6662914 TI - The cigarette safety bill: a case study in injury control advocacy. PMID- 6662915 TI - The emerging role of the primary care physician in the care of the chronically mentally ill. PMID- 6662917 TI - Communities and toxic wastes: further evidence. PMID- 6662916 TI - Aspects of medical manpower under national health insurance in Canada. PMID- 6662918 TI - Development of selected neurological skills. AB - The development of several selected neurological skills in 592 children, ages 3 to 6 years 11 months, were studied. The sequence in the development of these skills included the ability to point up and down, to keep the arms extended, pointing back, to open and close a safety pin, pointing front, figure identification, single finger identification, and right-left concept developing shortly after the others. Clinical implications of these findings have not been evaluated in this study. PMID- 6662919 TI - The very low birth weight infant: the broader spectrum of morbidity during infancy and early childhood. AB - Neonatal intensive care has improved very low birth weight (less than 1.5 kg) outcome. To evaluate the spectrum of morbidity related to this care, 505 survivors born between 1975 and 1979 were followed during the first three years of life. Transient neurological abnormalities of muscle tone which resolved by two years of age were seen in 40% of children. The incidence of chronic physical disease (lung disease, sequelae of necrotizing enterocolitis, and cholestatic jaundice) was 23% at term, 12% by 8 months, and 3.3% by 20 months. Subnormal weight for age at three years was found in 17% of infants born appropriate for gestational age and 46% of those born small for gestational age. Thirty-three percent of children were rehospitalized during infancy, 10% during their second year, and 10% during their third year of life. Mean IQ was 92.0. In the total population 80.6% were considered normal, 1.7% had major congenital malformations, 10.1% had neurosensory abnormalities, and 7.6% had developmental delay (DQ or IQ less than 80). Close followup care is essential to ensure the eventual adaptation and functional normalization which occurs in the majority of these high-risk infants. PMID- 6662920 TI - Cognition in cerebral gigantism: are the estimates of mental retardation too high? AB - The psychological findings on 10 children with cerebral gigantism are reviewed. Infants with cerebral gigantism showed a consistent pattern of psychomotor delay. Preschool age children demonstrated signs of a primary language disorder, and school-age patients had learning disabilities. The incidence of mental retardation was significantly lower than previously reported in the literature. The possibility that some children with cerebral gigantism can be easily misdiagnosed as mentally retarded is discussed. PMID- 6662921 TI - Locus of control and achievement motivation in dyslexic children. AB - Sixty-five dyslexic children and 38 normal children were assessed on internal versus external locus of control and on achievement motivation as measured by formal questionnaires and by teacher ratings. Results indicate less internal locus of control for academic success and general life situations in dyslexic children. A significant relationship between internal locus of control and achievement motivation was found in dyslexic children. Results are discussed with reference to feelings of learned helplessness and depression in learning-disabled children, and to the importance of psychological management of the dyslexic child. PMID- 6662922 TI - Child spacing effects: a comparison of institutionalized and normal children. AB - Data were collected on 52 psychiatrically abnormal and 101 normal children, as part of a study of the effects of sibship constellation variables on intellect, achievement, personality traits, and social adjustment. The two groups are closely equivalent with respect to age, social class (lower and lower-middle) and sibship size. There was a significantly higher percentage of psychiatrically abnormal than normal children having a sibling less than two years older. conversely, the normal children had a significantly higher percentage of widely spaced (to the next older) than did the psychiatrically abnormal children. Unwantedness by parents (especially the mother) may be a factor in increasing the likelihood of learning and behavioral difficulties and other social disarticulation. PMID- 6662923 TI - Children and divorce: an approach for the pediatrician. AB - Pediatricians are often asked to assist families planning or undergoing divorce. Parents generally seek information regarding how and what to tell their children; others bring concerns about their children's emotional responses and subsequent behavior. This article reviews the more common responses of children and parents to the divorce process. Developmental concerns are highlighted, and possible responses to parental questions regarding problems of visitation, dating, and discipline are reviewed. The magnitude of the distress experienced by children of divorce may be related to the failure of parents to understand their children's responses and to provide comforting reassurances. The role of the pediatrician in relieving this distress by counseling parents is emphasized. PMID- 6662924 TI - A one-year followup study of adolescent patients hospitalized with anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6662925 TI - Defining juvenile delinquency: specificity of the research sample and the right to treatment. AB - Research and treatment on juvenile offenders has been hampered by the lack of a precise operational definition of the construct "juvenile delinquency." The authors cite controversy in the literature to illustrate that the failure to replicate research findings and ultimately to develop successful treatment and rehabilitation programs for the juvenile offender is due to methodological imprecision, particularly the inadequate specification of the research sample. Methodological and treatment implications of this imprecision are discussed in light of recent "right to treatment" legislation. A model for specifying the characteristics of the research sample is proposed with the hope of improving the quality and comparability of future delinquency research. PMID- 6662926 TI - Comparison of mothers' and fathers' temperament ratings of referred and nonreferred preschool children. AB - Examined the ratings of mothers and fathers of two groups of preschool children on the Parent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised. One group of preschoolers had been referred for psychological evaluation by parents because they were difficult to manage at home or at school (N = 48); the other group (N = 48) never had been referred for psychological services. The referred and nonreferred groups were found to differ significantly in ratings of six temperament variables. Mothers' and fathers' ratings for the nonreferred group were significantly correlated, while for the referred group they were generally not significantly correlated. PMID- 6662927 TI - Assessing employee potentials for abuse. AB - Attempted to develop a battery of questionnaires and demographic data capable of early identification of institutional caretakers with potential for abuse of a client. After an extensive literature review on institutional client abuse, it was determined that the Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and a General Information Form would account for a significant amount of variance to discriminate an abusive employee from a matched non-abusive employee. The questionnaires were administered to 21 abusing and 21 matched non abusing employees. A univariate analysis, multiple regression, and a discriminate function analysis revealed that 73% of the between-group variance was accounted for by 8 of the suggested variables. The sensitivity of these tests, the ability to identify correctly 21 known abusers, was 86%. The specificity, the ability to identify correctly 21 matched non-abusers, was 100%. The proportion of grouped cases correctly classified was 93%. PMID- 6662929 TI - The effect of change of the size of the drawing sheet on the H-T-P IQ scores. AB - Administered the achromatic H-T-P test using four different sizes of drawing forms, to 24 college students, aged 18-21. In addition to the standard form sheet (8 1/2 X 7 inches), a much smaller (4 1/2 X 5 1/2 inches) was used by the same Ss. The third form was the usual typing sheet (8 1/2 X 11 inches), and the fourth form was even larger (8 1/2 X 14 inches). The drawings were scored and H-T-P IQs obtained. Out of 20 comparisons, only 2 were significant at the .05 level. The results were interpreted as failing to support the hypothesis that the use of the drawing sheet has a significant influence upon the quantitative aspects of the drawing. However, a caveat was expressed with regard to the form size and the qualitative evaluation of the drawings. PMID- 6662928 TI - Cognitive defense style and WISC-R P greater than V sign in juvenile recidivists. AB - Investigated the relationship of WISC-R, P greater than V sign and cognitive defense style to juvenile recidivism. Sixty-eight male juvenile recidivists and 68 non-recidivists were administered the WISC-R and Byrne's R-S scale as part of a standard diagnostic battery. Although recidivists were found to have significantly higher P greater than V differences than non-recidivists, presence of P greater than V sign did not distinguish recidivists from non-recidivists. While recidivists were found to be significantly more sensitizing than non recidivists, R-S scores were not found to be related to magnitude of P greater than V sign. Two separate classes of behaviors were suggested as increasing the probability of recidivism. PMID- 6662930 TI - Brief assessment of drinking problems in male and female psychiatric inpatients. AB - Used discriminant function analysis to identify and cross-validate a subset of items on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) that in combination maximally distinguish between male and female psychiatric inpatients (N = 120) diagnosed as having alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related disorders. Classification of Ss by use of the composite variate showed 88% overall accuracy with an 83% valid positive rate in the validation sample, but only 65% overall accuracy and a 10% valid positive rate in an independent cross-validation group. The reliability of the MAST interview did not decline at higher levels of alcohol involvement. PMID- 6662931 TI - Follow-up of sixty-one physicians after psychiatric treatment. AB - Reported the results of a direct follow-up of 61 physicians who had been hospitalized for emotional impairment during 1969-1978. As of the fall-winter of 1979-1980, 35 physicians were in productive practice; 8 had died of purely medical causes; 5 had committed suicide; 2 were over age 65 and retired; 6 were not practicing for other reasons; 2 were physically disabled; and 3 could not be located. Recovery rate varied from 57% to 71% depending on the criteria used in calculating the ratio. Our outcome rate accords with those reported previously. Interviews with surviving physicians revealed that some important factors in recovery were rest and recuperation; spirituality, AA, and NA; modification in workload; support of colleagues; and constructive use of threat of loss of licensure. PMID- 6662932 TI - Endorsements of Ellis' irrational beliefs as a function of DSM-III psychotic diagnoses. AB - Asked normal Ss (N = 120) as well as patients (N = 150) diagnosed as manic, major depressive disorder and schizophrenic to give their opinions with regard to Ellis' 11 irrational beliefs. The schizophrenia group and major depressive group were noted to endorse at least 3 and 4 of the irrational beliefs, respectively, a striking contrast to both the normal and manic groups, who did not endorse any of these ideas. Thus, the data with regard to two of the three psychotic groups are consistent with rational-emotive theory. PMID- 6662933 TI - Sex of a case history and the DSM-III diagnosis of depression. AB - Selected a brief, written case history of Major Depression, without melancholia, single episode from the DSM-III Case Book (Spitzer, Skodol, Gibbon, & Williams, 1981) and mailed to 369 male psychiatrists and male psychologists in the Midwest. One-half of the clinicians were sent the psychiatric case in its true form, a depressed male, and the other half were sent the case in an altered form, a depressed female. A 32% return resulted in 90 usable diagnoses. The results found no significant differences between psychiatrists and psychologists in diagnosis. The sex of the case did not affect significantly the agreement of diagnosis with the Case Book, the difficulty of the case, or the ratings of stressors or adaptive level of functioning. Sex of the case had no effect on the suggested length of treatment or the recommendation of drug treatment. It was found that clinicans agreed with the Case Book on the major diagnosis. However, the clinicians were not in agreement with the Case Book on the subcategory or the five-digit subtype. Results are discussed in terms of the effect of sex of the client on diagnosis and the new DSM-III Case Book and classification system. PMID- 6662934 TI - MMPI code types and DSM-III diagnoses. AB - Examined the relationship of the MMPI high-point codes and the diagnostic system of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual III of the American Psychiatric Association. Five psychiatrists reanalyzed the patients' records and rendered a DSM-III diagnosis. In all, 24 code types were identified from the private psychiatric clinic sample (N = 261). The resulting clusters of diagnostic classification are presented, and, additionally, a narrative summation for each code type is given. PMID- 6662935 TI - Painful truths about depressives' cognitions. AB - Cognitive theories assert that depressed persons' cognitions are distorted. Most of the empirical literature directly contradicts this assertion. Using a wide variety of methods to study a wide variety of cognitive processes, experiments consistently find that depressed people suffer significantly less cognitive distortion than do both normals and nondepressed psychiatric patients. It was speculated that childhood traumas predispose depression by preventing the normal formation of a defensive screen against painful realities. PMID- 6662936 TI - Dental outpatients: health locus of control correlates. AB - Examined relationships between the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales, Beck Depression Inventory, Trait subscales of the State-Trait Personality Inventory, and dental ratings of oral hygiene and presence of periodontal disease with dental outpatients (N = 101) at a Veterans Administration Medical Center Dental Clinic. Results indicated that this sample of outpatients scored comparably on MHLC Health Internality and Health Externality to a sample reported by Wallston and Wallston. Older dental patients, in the present sample, scored significantly higher on Powerful Others Externality in contrast to younger Ss, which suggests greater reliance on health professionals for dental health. Confirmatory evidence is presented on the negative correlations of depression, anger, and anxiety with Health Internality. Differential approaches to dental treatment are discussed. PMID- 6662937 TI - Identification of suicide attempters by means of MMPI profiles. AB - Used multivariate procedures to determine whether psychiatric patients who had made a suicide attempt immediately prior to hospitalization (N = 161) could be differentiated from nonsuicidal psychiatric patients (N = 161). Multivariate analysis of variance and cluster analysis failed to identify differences in the MMPI data of suicidal and nonsuicidal patients. In contrast, discriminant analysis produced a modest degree of differentiation that generally was maintained in the cross-validation. PMID- 6662938 TI - Preparing low-income hispanic, black, and white patients for psychotherapy: evaluation of a new orientation program. AB - Examined the effectiveness of a new orientation program designed to prepare low income white and ethnic minority outpatients for psychotherapy. Sixty-two Hispanic, 51 black, and 60 white psychiatric outpatients in a large public psychiatric clinic participated prior to their first psychotherapy interview. Patients were presented with one of two experimental conditions; the oriented patients saw an audiovisual program that instructed them about psychotherapy, and the control patients saw a program that was neutral with regard to psychotherapy. The patients' knowledge and attitudes toward psychotherapy were assessed with two questionnaires. Results indicated that patients who were oriented were more knowledgeable about psychotherapy and more positive in their attitudes toward psychotherapy than were patients who had not been oriented. The role and utility of brief orientation programs for low-income and ethnic minority outpatients in public mental health facilities are discussed. PMID- 6662939 TI - "Self-control" concerns for men and women: refinement and extension of a construct. AB - This study develops and refines aspects of the construct of self-control according to a four-quadrant model: Assertive-positive, assertive-negative, yielding-positive, and yielding-negative. Twenty-six men and 78 women evaluated areas of their life in terms of the perceived degree to which they utilized these various dimensions of control. Results indicated that, depending on the specific area of clinical concern (e.g., interpersonal relationships, professional pursuits, emotional expression, health), there were significant differences in the kinds of self-control strategies that Ss tended to employ. From a clinical perspective, while Ss in this sample exercised a high degree of assertive positive control in their professional lives, in the interpersonal and affective spheres they perceived themselves to be more out of control and exercising more negative-assertive control. PMID- 6662940 TI - Group modification of affective verbalizations: reinforcement and therapist style effects. AB - Used an operant group paradigm to investigate the effects of reinforcement in combination with differing therapist styles upon affective verbalizations. Therapists' usage of direct questioning to elicit Ss' affective verbalizations proved quantitatively superior (in number of reinforceable responses) to either a no therapist or role modelling therapist condition (N = 72). There was evidence, however, that Ss in reinforced role modelling conditions were significantly better than direct elicitation Ss in predicting other group members' self descriptions and in the degree to which Ss felt accurately perceived by others, while the reverse was true for non-reinforced Ss. PMID- 6662941 TI - The influence of intelligence on coping style selection. AB - The initial purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the role of intelligence in the selection of a cognitive coping strategy by undergraduate college students in test situations (N = 50). The primary hypothesis of this investigation was confirmed. Intelligence was found to be related significantly to the selection of a predominant coping strategy. Although this finding is interesting and important to the understanding of test anxiety, the second unpredicted finding, that identification of patterns of coping styles rather than one predominant style may be a more useful technique, is the primary contribution of this study. The results of this investigation contribute to the further understanding of coping in testing situations. PMID- 6662942 TI - Improvement in clients who have given different reasons for dropping out of treatment. AB - Addressed the dropout problem by (a) directly asking clients their reasons for dropping out; and (b) assessing pretherapy to follow-up symptom change in clients grouped by dropout reason. Forty-six dropouts who had been administered the Brief Symptom Inventory at intake were contacted 3 months later. At follow-up they were asked their reasons for dropping out and readministered the Brief Symptom Inventory. It was found that 39% quit due to "no need for services," 35% due to "environmental constraints," and 26% due to "dislike of services." The "no need for services" and "environmental constraints" groups had significant decreases in intake to follow-up Brief Symptom Inventory scores. Dropouts were found to be a heterogeneous group whose follow-up adjustment was related to termination reason. This contradicts prevailing notions that consider all dropouts as treatment failures. PMID- 6662943 TI - Effects of contracts on childhood memory recollection: a controlled clinical analogue. AB - Examined the specific and generalized effects of contractual agreements on a childhood recollection task (N = 131). As predicted, Ss who signed a written contract complied significantly more to the specific aspects of the contracted task than did verbal agreement Ss and controls. Generalized behaviors that were not part of the contract showed no group differences. Implications for the use of therapeutic contracts were discussed. PMID- 6662944 TI - Bibliotherapy within a correctional setting. AB - Evaluated the psychotherapeutic adjunct of bibliotherapy in a maximum security correctional setting with 54 volunteers from a general and segregation population. Results indicated no differences between the treatment methods, but significant increases in self-concept and internal locus of control with an interaction on the dependent measure of Chance locus of control. There were no significant effects on the dependent variables as a result of the level of participation of the volunteers. It was concluded that bibliotherapy may have a facilitative effect on self-concept and internal locus of control, but cannot be differentiated from the effects of therapist intervention. PMID- 6662945 TI - The relationship between level of adjustment and expectations for therapy. AB - Investigated Goldstein's (1962) hypothesis of a curvilinear relationship between client expectancy and psychotherapy outcome, based partly on a similar relationship between client expectancy and adjustment. One hundred and ten new clients at a university counseling center completed self-assessments and were rated on an adjustment scale by their therapists at the beginning and end of therapy. There was no curvilinear relationship between adjustment and expectancy, but a linear relationship between expectancy and self-assessed outcome was found. Because no relationship was obtained between expectancy and therapist-defined outcome, method variance may account for the association between expectancy and outcome from the client's perspective. PMID- 6662946 TI - Assessing the impact of cognitive differences in the treatment of obsessive compulsives. AB - Demonstrated a set of research techniques that combine multidimensional scaling, a quantitative cognitive procedure, and cost outcome analysis. The multidimensional scaling results supported Reed's (1969) notion that obsessive compulsive clients are underinclusive and did not support Foa and Steketee's (1979) contention that they are overinclusive. Significant differences in extent of follow-up therapy were found between obsessive compulsives (N = 12) with the underinclusive cognitive style and those with a normal cognitive style. PMID- 6662947 TI - Nine standardized scales for evaluating treatment outcome in a mental health clinic. AB - Analyzed psychometrics of a package of standardized scales used to assess mental health treatment outcomes in a VA cost-effectiveness study (N = 451). Nine scales were derived: Family involvement, involvement with friends, labor market participation, symptomatology (both self-reported and therapist rated), substance abuse (alcohol and drugs), client satisfaction, and client goal attainment. Scales were drawn from several existing instruments, including the Denver Community Mental Health Questionnaire (CMHQ), the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), the Global Assessment scale, and others. Item-item and item-total correlations showed each scale to have high internal consistency. Principal components analysis demonstrated distinct factors for each scale and good clustering of items within scales. All scale items are discrete choice and have excellent interrater reliability. Validity was corroborated by multiple regression, which showed different scales to be sensitive to different predictors of follow-up status. PMID- 6662948 TI - Further investigation of the SI scale of the MMPI: reliabilities, correlates, and subscale utility. AB - First investigation of the reliabilities and correlates of the subscales of the SI scale of the MMPI. Normal college students (N = 218) were administered the SI scale and several measures typically used in social skills and assertiveness training research (i.e., an assertiveness scale, anxiety measures, social activities measure, organization questionnaire, self- and peer ratings of physical attractiveness, and peer ratings of social skills, social anxiety, and social participation). Results demonstrated acceptable reliability for the subscales of the SI scale of the MMPI and revealed that the subscales were related differentially to the measures used in this study and thus provided evidence for the utility of the subscales. PMID- 6662949 TI - 16PF source traits associated with DSM-III symptoms for four diagnostic groups. AB - Provided evidence of 16PF validity by meta-analysis of source-trait profiles from nine studies for four psychiatric groups (N = 916) (nonparanoid schizophrenics, major depressives, anxiety disorders, alcoholics). All groups had mean sten profiles that deviated markedly from normal personality, and there was considerable convergence between salient traits and diagnostic criteria except for alcoholics. PMID- 6662950 TI - Validity of two WPPSI short forms in outpatient clinic settings. AB - Investigated the validity of two- and four-subtest short forms for the WPPSI in an outpatient clinic population of 116 children aged 4 and 5 years. The short forms differed in ability to approximate the Full Scale IQ. Both short forms correlated highly with the Full Scale IQ and accounted for a high percentage of variance. Both short forms misclassified a substantial percentage of Ss in relation to intelligence category. It was concluded that only the four-subtest short form was useful as a screening device in an outpatient mental health setting. PMID- 6662951 TI - Stability, concurrent and predictive validity of the PPVT-R. AB - Explored the relationship between the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) and the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT), and pretest PPVT-R standard scores administered about 7 months earlier for a sample of 29 mentally retarded children between the ages of 5-5 and 12-7 (mean = 9-6, SD = 1-11). Pretest PPVT-R scores correlated moderately with PIAT standard scores (Median r = .43) and with posttest PPVT-R scores (r = .81). There was no significant difference between the mean pre and post PPVT-R scores (60.3 and 58.5, respectively). The PPVT-R and PIAT Total Test Score administered in the same session correlated .71 (Median r with the PIAT's subtests = .64). Implications are discussed in light of the stability and predictive and concurrent validity of the PPVT-R for this sample. PMID- 6662952 TI - A comparison of six MMPI short forms: code type correspondence and indices of psychopathology. AB - Compared six MMPI short forms for their ability to identify code-types and indices of psychopathology obtained from the full length MMPI for samples of renal dialysis patients (N = 53) and paranoid schizophrenics (N = 58). Results suggest that the accuracy of the short forms fluctuates for different patient populations and diagnostic criteria. The longer abbreviated forms are generally more accurate, especially the MMPI-168 and the FAM. PMID- 6662953 TI - Actual and recalled test anxiety and flexibility, rigidity, and self-control. AB - Recalled and actual test anxiety were compared, and the interrelationship of anxiety and certain personality variables was examined. Sex differences in the variables and in the correlations among variables were studied. The A-State scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered to a sample of college students (N = 71) under different conditions and instructions. Scales that measure trait anxiety, dependency, flexibility, and self-control also were administered. Recalled test anxiety was significantly higher than actual TA. No significant sex differences were found in the means or correlations of the variables. A strong, positive relationship between A-Trait and dependency was found. PMID- 6662954 TI - Assessment of irrational beliefs: the question of discriminant validity. AB - Previous evaluations of the psychometric properties of available measures of irrational beliefs have failed to examine the discriminant validity of these instruments. The present investigation (N = 142) of the relationship between measures of irrational beliefs and trait anxiety provided evidence of discriminant validity for one frequently used measure of irrational beliefs (Rational Behavior Inventory), but failed to provide such evidence for perhaps the most popular measure of irrational beliefs (Irrational Beliefs Test). Both measures of beliefs were correlated more highly with cognitive features of trait anxiety than with somatic aspects. PMID- 6662955 TI - A brief clinical neuropsychologic battery: clinical classification trials. AB - Based upon non-neuropsychological evaluative data, 150 neuropsychiatric referrals were classified independently into Definite (DBD), Suspected (SBD), or No Brain Damage (NBD) groups. Each S was examined with a brief, 2-hour neuropsychologic battery and the test data clinically rated by two neuropsychologists, blind to group membership. Clinical classifications were compared with criteria for NBD vs. SBD + DBD, NDB vs. SBD, and SBD vs. DBD groupings. Hit rates ranged from 83.3% for the former to 64.3% for the latter. These results compared favorably with hit rates derived from statistical classification trials. Clinicians also classified SBD and DBD cases into one of eight different diagnostic categories. The overall hit rate was 61.3%. PMID- 6662956 TI - Comparison of the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test and Bender-Gestalt: relationship with achievement criteria. AB - Administered the Bender-Gestalt (BG) and Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test (MPD) to 69 first-grade children prior to administration of the California Achievement Test (CAT). Order of administration for the BG and MPD was counterbalanced to control for practice effects. Correlations (rs) were computed between the 9 CAT subtests and scores from the BG and MPD. The DD score from the MPD correlated significantly with all 9 CAT subtests. The SpCD score from the MPD correlated significantly with 6 of the 9 CAT subtests. The BG Koppitz score correlated significantly with 6 of the 9 CAT subtests. Both the DD and SpCD scores showed a significantly higher negative r with Reading Vocabulary, Total Reading, and Arithmetic Computation than the BG. Furthermore, both types of MPD scores showed a much higher average r with the 9 CAT subtests than was evident for the BG. These findings suggest that DD and SpCD scores from the MPD provide a more sensitive measure of deficits in visual-motor perception than the Koppitz score from the BG. PMID- 6662958 TI - Extracting maximum validity from the WAIS. AB - Recent research (Feingold, 1982) on the incremental validity of the WAIS has found that the Vocabulary and Information subtests are each as valid as the Full Scale IQ. The present WAIS review demonstrated that weighting subtests that differ in validity equally in the computation of the IQ is responsible for reducing potential validity. Two main conclusions emerged from these data. One, Vocabulary and Information in concert yield a measure that has greater validity than either subtest by itself. Two, the addition of a third test in a stepwise multiple regression in which Vocabulary and Information already have been added will not result in a consistent increase in validity. These findings must be considered tentative, but can serve as a guide for devising research designs to validate the recent revision of the WAIS (WAIS-R). PMID- 6662957 TI - Russell's revised Wechsler Memory Scale in the evaluation of dementia. AB - Matched 31 elderly normals and 25 patients with suspected Alzheimer's disease for age and education and administered the Revised Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-R). The patient group performed significantly less well than the control group on all WMS R subtests. A bimodal distribution of Percent Retained scores was noted in the patient group, but not in the control group. Results are discussed with respect to the clinical utility of the WMS-R as a memory screening procedure. PMID- 6662959 TI - A longitudinal analysis of torque and its relationship to achievement and educational classification among normal, disturbed, and learning-disabled children. AB - Torque (clockwise circlings with either hand on a visual-motor task) has been shown to be related to a variety of academic, personal, and adjustment difficulties (Blau, 1977b). A longitudinal analysis was conducted for 948 third grade students, selected randomly from various special and nonspecial education programs from a large, urban/suburban school system. Current measures of achievement, grade retention, and special education categorization were related to torque data obtained 4 years previously. Only grade retention was found to differ significantly between the torque and no torque groups. While the overall findings indicate no clear relationship between torque and various academic variables, some significant findings and trends in the data warrant further investigation. PMID- 6662960 TI - Physiological responses to rational-emotive self-verbalizations. AB - This study tested Albert Ellis' Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) theory which predicts that cognitive beliefs, not the stimulus situation, generate human emotions. According to RET, emotions created by rational beliefs are adaptive, while irrational beliefs result in an unadaptive anxiety level. Results demonstrated that at high levels of problem relevance there was (1) a significantly greater GSR in direct response to the stimulus situation, and also to irrational statements, than to rational and control statements, and (2) no significant difference between rational and neutral control statements. The authors argue that these results are more parsimoniously explained by conditioning theory than by RET theory. PMID- 6662961 TI - The social skills intake interview: reliability and convergent validity assessment. AB - Interview data on 77 hospitalized male psychiatric patients were compared to professional staffs' in vivo evaluations, trained judges' evaluations of video taped role-plays, as well as patients' self-report evaluations of their social skill. The results on overall skill ratings showed good reliability between two senior research staff members who conducted the interviews (r = 0.66) and between the video judges (r = 0.92). While the convergent ratings of professionals corresponded significantly with the interview ratings, the self-report ratings did not. Agreement between raters and correspondence among rating sources are discussed in the context of the amount of structure in each observational setting. PMID- 6662962 TI - Mediating factors in the modification of smoking behavior. AB - This study was designed to investigate two personality variables that may influence the effectiveness of covert sensitization in reducing smoking behavior. These are GSR reactivity to stressors and GSR adaptation to repeated stressors. It was predicted that both high reactivity and nonadaptivity to stressors would facilitate covert sensitization therapy. Fifty-nine subjects underwent treatment and were followed up at 3, 6 and 12 week intervals. Subjects were distributed among four groups: A. High reactors, nonadaptive (15); B. High reactors, adaptive (14); C. Low reactors, nonadaptive (9); D. Low reactors, adaptive (21). The results demonstrate that the measure of reactivity to stressors is significantly related to the success of the treatment, but the relevance of the measure of adaptivity factor was not demonstrated. PMID- 6662963 TI - Follow-up of stealing behavior in 27 youths after a variety of treatment programs. AB - Case histories are presented of 27 youngsters who had a major problem of stealing. The effectiveness of eight different treatments is examined in terms of proportion of follow-up time spent stealing. (Duration of follow-up was always more than 2 yr.) Clients given Individualized Combined Treatment spent 2 1/2% of follow-up time stealing, compared with 46% after other types of treatment. PMID- 6662964 TI - Mothers' evaluation of a parent training program completed three and one-half years earlier. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine the long term effects of a parent training program. Mothers who completed treatment, a mean of 3.6 yr earlier, were asked to fill out measures that examined parent perceptions of child adjustment and parent satisfaction with treatment. Of the 68 mothers to whom questionnaires were mailed, 34 (50%) returned them while 10 questionnaires were returned with an insufficient address. A comparison of pre-treatment, post-treatment and follow-up child adjustment scores indicated that the mothers perceived their children as significantly better adjusted after treatment and that this effect maintained at follow-up. Generally favorable responses were also reported by mothers on a consumer satisfaction measure. PMID- 6662965 TI - Management of multiple aggressive behaviors by differential reinforcement. AB - The present study examined the use of a DRO procedure (differential reinforcement of other behavior) to manage multiple forms of aggression exhibited by a developmentally handicapped child. The effects of treatment were contrasted to baseline conditions in an ABAB reversal design. Treatment consisted of reinforcing the child with social and consumable rewards for not responding aggressively during timed intervals. Results indicated that DRO was successful in reducing the frequencies of targeted aggressions. The positive effects of intervention were maintained at a 34-week follow-up assessment at which time a substantial increase in the interval for reinforcement had been achieved. PMID- 6662966 TI - Multicomponent parental treatment of firesetting in a six year old boy. AB - The case is presented of a 6-yr-old developmentally-disabled boy who was referred for the treatment of home firesetting behavior. The mother was trained to implement an intervention program consisting of negative practice with corrective consequences and token reinforcement in order to satiate and teach proper control of the behavior. This intervention was associated with the elimination of the firesetting behavior and suppression of another problem behavior, namely, fighting with the sister. Both of these behavioral improvements were maintained at 15-month follow-up. The benefits of multicomponent behavioral interventions and change agents in the natural environment are discussed. PMID- 6662967 TI - Suppressing aggressive-destructive behavior by delayed overcorrection. AB - Delayed overcorrection reduced the aggressive-destructive behavior of a developmentally delayed adolescent when it was added to previously ineffective procedures of differential reinforcement (tokens and token-removal) of other behavior. The delayed contingency was necessary because target behaviors occurred exclusively in the absence of the only family member who could overpower the subject. A multiple baseline design across two levels of problem-behavior severity indicated that delayed overcorrection effectively suppressed the aggressive-destructive episodes. The results support the notion that delayed contingencies can effectively suppress target behaviors. PMID- 6662968 TI - The reduction of stereotypic screaming in a severely retarded boy through a visual screening procedure. AB - The stereotypic screaming of a 4.2 yr old severely retarded boy was successfully reduced with a visual screening procedure in both school and home settings. Treatment gains were maintained over time and there was some evidence of treatment generalizing across time and persons. Social validation ratings confirmed the effectiveness of the program. PMID- 6662969 TI - Behavior therapy in South Africa. PMID- 6662970 TI - Analysis and microbiological stability of an isosorbide 50% mixture. AB - Isosorbide mixture containing 50% w/v isosorbide and 5% w/v sorbitol is used in the treatment of hydrocephalus. The G.L.C. analysis of the mixture is described and its antimicrobial properties investigated. Results for the determination of lead in the mixture are given and the significance of the levels discussed with relevance to the treatment of infants. PMID- 6662971 TI - Release of proflavine hemisulphate from proflavine preparations currently in use within the Mersey Regional Health Authority. PMID- 6662972 TI - A comparative assessment of a new antacid formulation based on magaldrate. AB - A new antacid formulation (Dynese) based on magaldrate, a discrete chemical entity with marked antacid properties, has been compared in vitro with several commercially available antacid preparations. All preparations were tested for their ability to maintain gastric pH within acceptable limits and to effectively bind bile acids. Sodium concentrations were also determined. Dynese was shown to compare very favourably with existing preparations in that it had a prolonged even neutralization profile, efficient bile acid binding properties and a low sodium content. PMID- 6662973 TI - Is diuretic-induced hypokalaemia clinically important? PMID- 6662974 TI - HPLC analysis of cephradine in human serum and urine. PMID- 6662975 TI - Physician education and drug therapy. PMID- 6662976 TI - Ibuprofen does not impair antipyrine clearance. AB - The influence of therapeutic doses of ibuprofen on the distribution and clearance of antipyrine in humans was evaluated in a series of healthy volunteers. Subjects received a single intravenous dose of antipyrine on two occasions, once in the drug-free control state and again during coadministration of ibuprofen, 1.6 to 2.4 Gm per day in divided doses. Compliance was verified by measurement of plasma ibuprofen levels, which averaged 22 micrograms/ml. Kinetic variables for antipyrine were determined from multiple plasma antipyrine concentrations measured during 24 hours after each dose. Between drug-free control and ibuprofen coadministration trials, there was no significant difference in antipyrine volume of distribution (0.69 vs. 0.69 liter/kg), elimination half-life (12.2 vs. 12.5 hours), or total metabolic clearance (0.69 vs. 0.70 ml/min/kg). Thus, ibuprofen does not impair the clearance of the marker compound antipyrine, often used as an index of drug oxidizing capacity in humans. PMID- 6662977 TI - Pharmacokinetics of stiripentol in normal man: evidence of nonlinearity. AB - The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of stiripentol, a new antiepileptic drug, were investigated in normal male subjects after single-dose and multiple-dose administration. Each of six subjects received single doses of 300, 600, and 1200 mg of stiripentol in powder form and another 600 mg in solution. In the multiple dose study, each of six subjects received a 300-mg dose on day 1 and multiple doses (1200 mg/day) from day 2 to day 8. Five of these six subjects participated also in the single-dose study. Stiripentol and several of its metabolites, namely, stiripentol conjugate, DiOH, P-OH, and M-OH, were analyzed in plasma and urine. After single doses, the elimination curve of stiripentol appeared multiphasic. The oral clearance was 1.3 to 1.8 liter/hr/kg. The average mean residence time was 4 hours. There were no statistically significant differences in clearance or mean residence time among the three doses. However, dose dependence was found in all the four pathways when formation clearances were compared. Only trace amounts of the drug were excreted unchanged in urine. The active metabolite, P-OH, was not detectable in plasma. Stiripentol was very highly bound to plasma proteins in plasma from dosed subjects as well as spiked human plasma (free fraction of 1 per cent). In the multiple-dose study, there was a decrease (nearly eightfold) in oral clearance of stiripentol between day 1 and day 8. The fractions of dose metabolized through conjugation and methylenedioxy ring opening increased 183 and 49 per cent, respectively, but the formation clearances for all the pathways were decreased. These findings suggest that the steady-state plasma level/dose ratio of stiripentol will increase with the daily dose. PMID- 6662978 TI - Inhibitory effect of isoniazid on antipyrine clearance in man. AB - The effect of both concomitant administration and pretreatment with isoniazid on the activity of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes of healthy young volunteers, as indicated by the antipyrine clearance test, is reported. Concomitant administration of isoniazid with antipyrine results in a significant decrease in the hepatic clearance of the latter compound. In contrast, pretreatment for 14 days with isoniazid had no effect on antipyrine elimination kinetics. It is concluded that isoniazid depresses hepatic drug metabolism only when present in significant amounts at the hepatic site of drug oxidation. PMID- 6662979 TI - Comparison of tolmetin kinetics in rheumatoid arthritis and matched healthy controls. AB - We could find no significant differences in the kinetics of tolmetin when comparing five rheumatoid arthritis patients with moderate disease activity with a carefully matched group of normal healthy volunteers. Further, there were no discernible clinically significant differences in the kinetics of tolmetin when comparing a single dose to one week of therapy. These results, although limited by the small number of subjects involved and the large interpatient variability, suggest that it may be possible to extrapolate pharmacokinetic data from normals to patients with moderately active disease. PMID- 6662980 TI - A paradoxical response to chlorpromazine--a possible variant of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. PMID- 6662981 TI - Plasticity of the corticospinal tract following midthoracic spinal injury in the postnatal rat. AB - Rats received a midthoracic spinal cord "overhemisection" including right hemicord and left dorsal funiculus at birth (neonatal operates, N = 15) or 21 days of age (weanling operates, N = 14). In a second experiment neonatal (N = 6), 6-day (N = 3), and 12-day (N = 7) rats sustained a right sensorimotor cortex (SmI) ablation to destroy the left corticospinal tract (CST) at the same time as the spinal injury (double lesion operates). Later (3-12 months) injections of 3H proline and autoradiography were used to label the left or right CST. The results of the first experiment showed that most right CST axons failed to grow around the spinal lesion in neonatal operates (N = 9). There was an increase in the density of label, mainly to CST projection areas, in a 1-mm zone rostral to the lesion. However, left CST axons bypassed the lesion by growing through the intact tissue in neonatal operates (N = 6). These displaced axons were consistently located within the dorsal portion of the lateral funiculus (dLF) and remained within that location caudal to the lesion, an area normally containing only a few CST axons. In spite of this abnormal position, these axons terminated bilaterally throughout the remainder of the cord in normal CST sites. In weanling operates, CST axons severed by the lesion did not regenerate around the lesion site. An increased density of label over the few spared axons within the left dLF and in CST projection zones immediately caudal to the lesion site suggested axonal sprouting by these axons. The results of the second experiment showed that the lack of growth of right CST axons around this injury in neonatal operates was, at least partially, due to an interaction with left CST axons. In neonatal double lesion operates, right CST axons grew around the spinal injury for a varying distance within the left dLF and distributed bilaterally to normal CST sites. The number of right CST axons bypassing the lesion was related to the configuration of the lesion site. A smaller number of right CST axons bypassed the lesion in 6 day double lesion operates and most terminated within 2-3 mm of the lesion site. Right CST axons failed to grow around this injury in 12-day double lesion operates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6662982 TI - Cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure of nucleus prethalamicus, with special reference to degenerating afferents from optic tectum and telencephalon, in a teleost (Holocentrus ascensionis). AB - Histological structure and neuronal geometry of the nucleus prethalamicus of holocentrid teleosts, which is homologous to the nucleus rotundus of reptiles and birds and to the nucleus lateralis posterior-pulvinar complex of mammals, were studied by means of the Bodian, Nissl, toluidine blue, and Golgi methods. Synaptic terminals were classified electron microscopically, and terminal types originating from the telencephalon and the optic tectum were determined by electron microscopy in degeneration experiments. The nucleus prethalamicus is composed of four layers, in the following order from medial to lateral: a small cell layer, a plexiform layer, a large-cell layer, and a marginal layer. Six types of terminals (U, L, Sp, Sd, F, and P) were distinguished in the nucleus, and the distribution pattern for each type of terminal was determined by counting its relative number in each layer. Sp terminals make synaptic contacts with small cell dendrites or somata in the small-cell layer, and degenerate after telencephalic ablations. Sd terminals synapse exclusively with spines of large cell dendrites in both marginal and large-cell layers, and degenerate after tectal ablations. Because only large neurons have been labeled after HRP injections into the telencephalon (Ito et al., '80, '82; Ebbesson, '80; Murakami et al., '83), it is considered that these neurons relay visual information from the optic tectum onto the telencephalon. It is hypothesized that the small neurons in the nucleus, which receive telencephalic input, might modulate the large neurons' relay function. PMID- 6662983 TI - An electron microscopic study of primary afferent terminals from slowly adapting type I receptors in the cat. AB - Primary afferent fibers transmitting impulses from slowly adapting (SA) Type I receptors in the glabrous skin of the hind paw of the cat were injected intraaxonally in the spinal cord with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). At the light microscopic level, terminal arborizations were observed in the medial dorsal horn extending up to 6 mm rostrocaudally in and near the seventh lumbar segment. Boutonlike swellings labelled with HRP were distributed in clusters in Rexed's laminae III-VI. There was a tendency for the most dorsal clusters from an individual fiber to be located rostrally and for the most ventral clusters to be located caudally. At the electron microscopic level, a combination of morphometric analysis and serial reconstruction revealed the following: (1) All the boutons labelled with HRP contained predominantly clear, round synaptic vesicles, 40-50 nm in diameter. (2) Labelled boutons (n = 75) had cross-sectional longest dimensions of 1.72 +/- 0.53 micron (Mean +/- S.D.), perimeters of 4.95 +/ 1.52 micron, and areas of 1.18 +/- 0.59 micron 2. Their shapes in section varied from rounded to elongated forms. (3) The sizes of labelled boutons decreased significantly and linearly with depth from lamina IV to VI. The shapes of the bouton cross sections also became rounder with depth in the dorsal horn. (4) About 72% of synaptic contacts associated with HRP-filled boutons were with dendritic spines and shafts; most of these synapses were of the asymmetric type. (5) The remainder (28%) of the appositions were synapselike contacts between labelled boutons and unlabelled structures containing flattened or pleomorphic vesicles, and occasional dense-cored vesicles. (6) We observed no unequivocal axosomatic contacts made by labelled boutons. (7) The lengths of synaptic appositions with dendritic spines (0.46 +/- 0.20 micron) or with dendritic shafts (0.51 +/- 0.18 micron) were significantly greater than the synapselike contacts with vesicle-containing unlabelled structures (0.29 +/- 0.09 micron). (8) Complex neuropilar organization was occasionally seen with labelled boutons as central elements, although simpler organizations were much more common. In summary, HRP labelled fibers ended predominantly in boutons containing clear, round vesicles forming axospinous and axodendritic synapses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6662984 TI - Effects of combinations of irradiation and chemosterilization on mating competitiveness of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. PMID- 6662986 TI - Mortality of eggs and larvae of the face fly (Diptera: Muscidae) after exposure of adults to surface treated with BAY SIR 8514 and penfluron. PMID- 6662985 TI - Release of pyrethroids from insecticidal ear tags. PMID- 6662987 TI - Preenrollment immunization policies of American colleges: an assessment of the need for policy implementation. PMID- 6662988 TI - Measles on campus. PMID- 6662989 TI - Measles and rubella on college campuses: the need to act. PMID- 6662990 TI - Self-reported incidence of physical violence in college students. PMID- 6662991 TI - Gynecological services utilization by contraceptive clients: a cost analysis. PMID- 6662992 TI - Campylobacter enteritis in a college health setting. PMID- 6662994 TI - Mental health services for gay students: Gay-Straight Rap. PMID- 6662993 TI - The teaching of hypnosis: outline and method. PMID- 6662995 TI - An anonymous peer counseling system for use with pregnant students. PMID- 6662996 TI - Carbon disulphide intrauterine sensitization. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the effect of carbon disulphide (CS2) exposure during pregnancy in two subsequent generations. Albino rats (F1), which had been prenatally exposed by maternal inhalation to teratogenic (200 and 100 mg m-3) and subteratogenic (10 and 0.03 mg m-3) concentrations of CS2, were reared until maturity and mated to produce an F2 generation. During pregnancy the F1 females were again subjected to CS2 exposure at the same concentrations as the F0 females throughout gestation. Pre- and postnatal development of F1 and F2 generations, as well as the corresponding maternal effects, were studied. Embryonic lethality, weight, congenital malformations, indices of lipid and energy metabolism, DNA and some liver drug metabolizing enzymes in maternal and fetal tissues were studied at term. Postnatal viability, physical and behavioral development, and hexobarbital sleeping time of the progeny were evaluated. Comparisons of CS2 effect on F1 and F2 generations were performed. A marked increase in CS2-induced teratogenicity was found in the F2 generation, together with retarded development of MFO system and increased postnatal behavioral effects. The results point to intrauterine sensitization of progeny to CS2. This effect is discussed in the light of possible interference of the agent with the hormonal programming of intrauterine development. PMID- 6662997 TI - Cadmium-metallothionein-induced nephropathy: a morphological and autoradiographic study of cadmium distribution, the development of tubular damage and subsequent cell regeneration. AB - A single intravenous dose of 0.8 mg thionein-bound cadmium (Cd) per kg body weight, as the isolated (Cd, Zn)-metallothionein (MT) from rat liver, in rats of the same strain is nephrotoxic, but not lethal. Apical vesiculation in epithelial cells of the renal proximal convoluted tubules is apparent within 1 h of dosing and, by 4 h, is extensive in some of these cells that surround the larger arteries in the cortex. The membranes of these cells appear undamaged. The lesion at first progresses with time; by 24 h, the initially affected cells show extensive necrosis and most proximal convoluted tubular epithelia in other regions of the cortex are hydropically or vacuolarly degenerated. The inner stripe of the outer zone of the medulla and other portions of the nephron (glomerulus, distal tubule and collecting duct), however, appear essentially unaffected. The necrotic changes are maximal at 48 h but, after this time, regeneration begins. By seven days, much of the cell debris has been eliminated and cells of the regenerating or regenerated epithelia are similar in morphology to those of the normal kidney. Electron microscopic autoradiography of kidney sections from rats after administration of 109Cd-metallothionein of high specific activity shows that Cd is not concentrated in endocytotic vesicles, lysosomes, or any other cellular organelle, even at early times after dosing, but is distributed evenly throughout the epithelial cell. Thus, although Cd-MT appears to be taken up endocytotically in the kidney tubules, it appears that liberation of Cd from the metalloprotein must occur very early in the reabsorptive process. PMID- 6662998 TI - Induction of microsomal epoxide hydrolase by tienilic acid in the rat. AB - The effects of tienilic acid [2,3-dichloro-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)phenoxy acetic acid] on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the rat liver and kidneys were studied. Short-term treatment for 2 weeks (450 mg per kg per day) increased the activity of microsomal epoxide hydrolase at least two-fold in both rat liver and kidneys. The effect of tienilic acid on the activity of microsomal epoxide hydrolase in the rat liver correlated with the dose at levels of 20-450 mg per kg per day for 14 days (r = 0.92). Tienilic acid had only marginal effects on cytochrome-P-450 mediated mono-oxygenases. Tienilic acid caused an approximately two-fold increase in glucuronide conjugation of 4-methylumbelliferone in the liver. No increase in the activity of rat hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase toward O aminophenol was detected. According to these results, tienilic acid can be regarded as one of the most specific inducers of microsomal epoxide hydrolase. PMID- 6662999 TI - Effect of vehicle on the pharmacokinetics and uptake of four halogenated hydrocarbons from the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. AB - A variety of low molecular weight aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons have a history of use in the processing of foods, and their presence in potable water supplies has also been demonstrated. In this study, the relative uptake of four different aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons (methylene chloride, dichloroethane, chloroform and trichloroethylene) was studied after administration, by intragastric intubation, at the same dose level as corn-oil or aqueous solutions. Serial blood samples were collected over a 5-h period and uptake was assessed as the calculated area under blood concentration-time curves. A significant decrease in the rate and extent of uptake was observed for the compounds when administered as an oil solution as compared with an aqueous solution. Lower peak concentrations and an increase in the time taken to reach peak concentration, after dosing with corn oil solutions, was also observed. PMID- 6663000 TI - Skin-tumor initiation activity of coal liquids with different boiling-point ranges. AB - High-boiling coal liquids from the solvent-refined coal-I and -II (SRC-I, -II) processes, respectively, were fractionally distilled. In the case of SRC-I process solvent (PS), 50 degrees F distillation cuts were obtained between 550 and 850 degrees F, while for the SRC-II material, the 50 degrees F cuts were only obtained between 700 and 850 degrees F. These cuts, as well as the parent material, were tested for their ability to initiate skin tumors by applying a single dose (25 mg) to the shaved backs of Charles River female CD-1 mice. After 2 weeks, the mice received twice weekly applications of 5 micrograms of the promoter, phorbol myristate acetate. Only a few tumors were found for SRC-I fractions boiling below 700 degrees F; tumor-initiating activity increased as the boiling point increased. A similar increase in response with increasing boiling point was seen for the SRC-II cuts. The initiating activities for the parent materials were similar to those observed for their respective 800 to 850 degrees F cuts. PMID- 6663001 TI - An artifact in measurements of in vivo light-induced absorbance changes. AB - The effects of scattered actinic radiation on photomultipliers (Hamamatsu R-562) were investigated. Using cotton-wool to model dense biological preparations, it was found that the scattered actinic radiation received by the photomultiplier gives rise to phytochrome-like signals. This demonstrated the necessity to shield the photomultiplier from scattered actinic light for sensitive measurements with light-scattering preparations. PMID- 6663002 TI - A study of cell electrophoresis as a means of purifying growth hormone secreting cells. AB - Growth hormone secreting cells of the rat anterior pituitary are heavily laden with granules of growth hormone and can be partially purified on the basis of their resulting high density. Two methods of preparative cell electrophoresis were investigated as methods of enhancing the purification of growth hormone producing cells: density gradient electrophoresis and continuous flow electrophoresis. Both methods provided a two- to four-fold enrichment in growth hormone production per cell relative to that achieved by previous methods. Measurements of electrophoretic mobilities by two analytical methods, microscopic electrophoresis and laser-tracking electrophoresis, revealed very little distinction between unpurified anterior pituitary cell suspensions and somatotroph-enriched cell suspensions. Predictions calculated on the basis of analytical electrophoretic data are consistent with the hypothesis that sedimentation plays a significant role in both types of preparative electrophoresis and the electrophoretic mobility of the growth hormone secreting subpopulation of cells remains unknown. PMID- 6663003 TI - A simple spectrophotometric method for the measurement of ribonuclease activity in biological fluids. AB - We have developed a rapid and sensitive method for detecting ribonuclease (RNAase). The method makes use of a RNA-Pyronine Y complex which has a different absorption spectrum from that of Pyronine Y alone. When the RNA is hydrolyzed by RNAase, the spectrum of the complex changes to that of unbound Pyronine Y. The resultant decrease in absorbance at 572 nm is linear for final RNAase concentrations ranging from 2 to 45 ng/ml. Optimal assay conditions were 11.5 micrograms/ml Pyronine Y, 0.56 mg/ml RNA, 80 mumol/ml Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.8, and 2-45 ng/ml RNAase. The effect of complex concentration, pH, molarity and temperature upon the rate of the reaction were determined. The assay is applicable to crude cell-free extracts. PMID- 6663004 TI - The use of bis(mercaptoacetato-S,O)hydroxoiron(III) complex for the determination of hydroxamates. AB - A rapid, indirect, spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of hydroxamates, based on the competition for ferric ions of the bis(mercaptoacetato S,O)hydroxoiron(III) complex, has been developed. The assay is remarkably free of interferences by common ions, thus rendering it useful in the quantitative determination of hydroxamates in culture fluids and crude preparations. PMID- 6663005 TI - High-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis with isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. AB - Due to the high reproducibility of pH gradient slope and width, immobilized pH gradients (IPG) have been used as the first dimension of two-dimensional techniques in order to generate maps of constant spot position in the pI/Mr plane. However, when coupling IPG to SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) gels two problems were encountered: vertical streaking, due to incomplete zone solubilization in SDS, and horizontal streaking, due to spot fusion along the pH axis caused by the electroendosmosis of the charged Immobiline gels. Two methodical modifications are herewith described to overcome these drawbacks: (a) the SDS equilibration time of the first-dimension gel has been prolonged to at least 30 min; (b) the SDS electrophoresis gel has been cast together with a starting gel, containing 2.5 mM of each Immobiline species used in the first dimension, which serves as a transition from the charged to the uncharged gel. PMID- 6663006 TI - Analytical and preparative isoelectric focusing of peptides in immobilized pH gradients. AB - A new method for peptide analysis and purification is described, based on isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. On the analytical scale, the peptide zones can now be revealed by any stain for primary and secondary amino groups (e.g. ninhydrin, fluorescamine, dansyl chloride) since the buffering species, unlike conventional carrier ampholytes, contain only carboxyl and tertiary amino groups. For preparative purposes, conditions have been described to remove most contaminants (e.g. unreacted monomers, non-cross-linked, short polyacrylamide chains) from the gel matrix before the electrophoretic run. However, ca. 2% of the gel dry mass is still present as extractable material. The focused peptides can be recovered in high yields (ca. 90%) with a fairly high degree of purity (75%), the contaminants being mostly components eluted from the polyacrylamide gel. PMID- 6663007 TI - Vagal nerve function: behavioral and methodological considerations. Reports from a conference sponsored by the Kroc Foundation. Santa Ynez Valley, California, January 24-28, 1983. PMID- 6663008 TI - A stomach hormone that inhibits food intake. AB - To determine whether extrinsic nerves of the stomach play a role in the short term inhibition of food intake, 4 inbred Lewis rats received a supernumerary transplant of the stomach, duodenum, proximal jejunum and pancreas. When 4 or 8 cc of liquid diet was infused into the transplanted stomach, the rats showed a compensatory reduction of food intake whether food was allowed to empty into the intestines or whether it was retained in the stomach by a pyloric clamp. Since absorption of nutrients from the stomach is small, these results suggest that a hormone released by the stomach into the general circulation inhibits food intake. The transplanted upper digestive tract showed normal absorption of radioactive glucose from a mixed meal. A sensitive conditioned aversion test repeated 6 times did not reveal any aversion to the infusion of food into the transplanted stomach. Thus, the transplant appeared to function normally and did not cause discomfort to the rat. The release of the stomach hormone depends upon both distension of the stomach wall and chemical stimulation of the gastric mucosa. Two separate models for release of the hormone are proposed. PMID- 6663009 TI - Glucose-sensitive afferent nerve fibers in the liver and their role in food intake and blood glucose regulation. AB - The discharge rates of glucose-sensitive hepatic vagal afferents and glucose concentrations in the portal vein showed an inverse relationship in experiments performed using isolated and perfused liver preparations and in in vivo experiments on the guinea pig. The rate of discharge of these afferents in the rat was facilitated following administration of insulin and inhibited after application of glucagon and CCK. Hepato-pancreatic, -adrenal and -hepatic reflexes initiated through vagal hepatic afferents were demonstrated in the rabbit, guinea pig or rat. The results obtained suggest that glucose-sensitive vagal afferents from the liver play an important role in the control of food intake as well as in the control of blood glucose levels. PMID- 6663011 TI - The integration of visceral information in the control of feeding. AB - Electrophysiological evidence exists for sensitivity to many aspects of nutrient depletion and repletion at all levels of the viscera and beyond. Behavioral evidence suggests that feeding is sensitive to manipulations at all of these levels, while at the same time showing that no one site or nutrient is required for feeding regulation. This suggests that one must look at the sequence and interdependence of events occurring from ingestion to ultimate tissue distribution in order to understand the control of food intake. PMID- 6663010 TI - The control of gastric emptying. AB - The control of gastric emptying has been restudied. Methods used are described. It was found that in the alert unanesthetized monkey saline is emptied from the stomach at a rate that is volume-dependent; an exponential curve results since higher volumes provoke more rapid emptying and lower volumes slower emptying. For glucose test meals emptying is quite linear; also emptying is slower and progressively slower with progressive increases in glucose concentration. There is, however, an early rapid phase of gastric emptying that converts to a slower, more linear pattern. Calories rather than osmoles appear to control emptying. Glucose in the pyloris has an inhibitory effect in gastric emptying. A theory of control is discussed. The control of gastric emptying also relates to the control of feeding. PMID- 6663012 TI - Dietary selection in vagotomized rats. AB - Adult female vagotomized and control (sham-vagotomized) rats were compared in their consumption of saccharin solutions, intake of solid and liquid sucrose, and selection of purified macronutrient diets. In 30 min/day tests the vagotomized rats drank more saccharin solution (0.05, 0.1, 0.2%) than did control rats, while in a 24 h/day test they drank considerably less saccharin solution (0.2%) than did controls. When offered ad libitum access to granular sucrose and lab chow vagotomized rats did not differ from controls in their sucrose intake, chow intake, or total caloric intake. With a 20% sucrose solution and chow available, however, the vagotomized rats consumed significantly less sucrose and total calories than did the controls. Also, unlike the controls, the vagotomized rats did not consume more of the liquid sucrose than of the granular sucrose, and failed to gain weight on the sucrose diets. When maintained on solid macronutrient diets the vagotomized rats were similar to controls in their selection of the fat, carbohydrate and protein diets. The results demonstrate that vagotomy selectively inhibits the intake of sugar solutions and not high carbohydrate diets in general. Possible explanations for this effect are discussed. PMID- 6663014 TI - In vitro and in vivo technique for assessing vagus nerve regeneration after parietal cell vagotomy in the rat. AB - This study determined if the vagus nerve can regenerate and/or reinnervate the gastric parietal cell mass after parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) and examines tests for assessing vagus nerve regeneration in rats. Microscopic dissection of the neurovascular bundle allowed the vagus nerve to be divided at the gastric body with preservation of the antropyloric nerve and gastric vasculature. Gastric secretory tests were performed under basal and stimulated conditions using secretagogues and insulin hypoglycemia. The candidate hormone, pancreatic polypeptide, was measured in plasma following a mixed meal, insulin hypoglycemia and i.v. secretin. Rats were killed weekly for 9 weeks and the vagal nerve distribution examined by both light and electron microscopy. Stimulated gastric acid output fell from 164 to 26 mumol/h immediately after operation (P less than 0.001). One week following PCV, the nerves were swollen with fibroblast infiltration and collagen around axon groups showed degeneration. By the third week after PCV, the axons were more densely packed with neurofilaments and acid output had increased to 183 mumol/h. In the fourth and fifth weeks, the enlarged Schwann cell processes had more axons and acid output rose to 262 mumol/h. By the seventh week, both large and small axons were identified and the acid output was 93% higher than the preoperative level (P less than 0.001). PCV and antrectomy also was followed by reinnervation of the gastric mucosa. Pancreatic polypeptide concentration in plasma was virtually unchanged following ingestion of food, insulin hypoglycemia or secretin. In rats, following PCV, gastric secretory tests and electron microscopy seem to be the most reliable methods of assessing vagus nerve regeneration. PMID- 6663015 TI - Perspective on extra-gastric vagal fibers: should they be preserved when possible? AB - A number of discoveries have forced both basic scientists and practitioners of medicine to reinterpret their view of the relation of the autonomic nervous system, the brain, and the gastrointestinal tract. There is growing support for the concept of an autonomous enteric nervous system, one which has many participant and regulatory peptide neurotransmitters, but which can apparently function independently of certain afferent or efferent (vagal) connections to the central nervous system. Recognizing the possibility that extra-gastric vagus nerves may serve an essential role in physiologic functions, it is logical to support the concept that these nerves be preserved when possible. Whether operations which spare extra-gastric vagal nerves will pass the test of time remains to be seen. PMID- 6663013 TI - Effects of total and selective abdominal vagotomies on water intake in rats. AB - To determine if the decreased water intake of abdominal vagotomized rats in the presence and absence of food could be localized to a specific branch of the abdominal vagus, we measured the drinking response of rats that had undergone gastric vagotomy, hepatic vagotomy, coeliac vagotomy or a combined coeliac hepatic vagotomy. The major results were: (1) gastric vagotomized rats drank less than rats that had had sham operations in the previous 24 h with and without food present; (2) hepatic vagotomized rats drank as much as sham operation rats in the presence or absence of food, but drank more than sham operation rats after 17 h water deprivation; (3) coeliac vagotomized rats drank normally in all tests; (4) combined coeliac and hepatic vagotomized rats drank normally except in a 2 h liquid food-related drinking test in which they drank more than sham operation rats; (5) no selective or total, abdominal vagotomized rat drank less than sham operation rats in response to 17 h water deprivation. Thus, gastric vagotomy was the selective vagotomy that most closely mimicked the effects of total abdominal vagotomy on drinking. In demonstrating that increases, decreases, or normal water intake depended on the specific vagal branch(es) disconnected and the specific dipsogenic test, these results refute the opinion that decreased drinking after abdominal vagotomy is simply the result of non-specific effects of vagal surgery. Finally, the normal water intake after water deprivation in total, gastric, and coeliac vagotomized rats in these experiments challenges the current theory that drinking after water deprivation is primarily due to osmotic thirst because previous experiments have shown that total, gastric, and coeliac vagotomized rats drink less than normal to the osmotic challenge produced by acute administration of hypertonic saline. PMID- 6663016 TI - Afferent interactions of cranial nerves involved in ingestion. AB - Substantial behavioral evidence implicates visceral afferent activity in the regulation of feeding behavior. One mechanism often suggested for this influence involves visceral afferent activity interacting with oral or gustatory afferent activity. This brief review summarizes the anatomical and electrophysiological evidence that indicates that such interactions might in fact take place. The available evidence for interactions between visceral and gustatory afferent messages is far from convincing, but perhaps only because the issue has seldom been addressed. The most direct tests suggested by the hypothesis advanced remain to be carried out. PMID- 6663017 TI - Anatomical considerations for surgery of the rat abdominal vagus: distribution, paraganglia and regeneration. AB - In order to provide a detailed surgical anatomy of the rat abdominal vagus, we examined pyridine silver-stained tissue from one group of normal animals and a second group that survived 9 months after vagotomy. In the normal sample, as has been established for man, there was considerable variability in the levels at which each of the vagal branches separated from the main trunks. Contrary to reports from dissection studies, most of the branches were not single fiber bundles but rather consisted of two or more separate bundles. At the extreme, the posterior gastric and coeliac branches each consisted of as many as 15 individual bundles. Even the main trunks of the subdiaphragmatic vagus were occasionally observed to have multiple components (anterior trunk, 13% of the cases; posterior, 25%). In addition to the classically recognized hepatic, anterior gastric, coeliac, and posterior gastric branches, we also observed an accessory coeliac branch of the anterior trunk in all animals. This accessory coeliac division originated just caudal to the hepatic branching and extended first laterally and then dorsally while running caudally to exit from the esophagus just before the separation of the coeliac branch from the posterior trunk. The vagi were observed to contain paraganglia consisting of islands of glomus cells, neurons, and extensive capillary beds, all situated within the perineurium. The paraganglia occurred in greatest frequency at the sites where the hepatic and coeliac branches divide from their respective trunks. Paraganglia were also observed peripherally within vagal branches; there they were most numerous within the coeliac branch and least numerous in the accessory coeliac. Other studies yielded evidence that regeneration had occurred after complete vagotomy. First, stumps of the branches distal to the resection scar contained axons. Central to the scar, axons grew out in all directions from the neuroma; some of them appeared to cross the scar and to reinnervate the distal stumps. Secondly, 30% of the animals in which regeneration was thought to be possible increased their insulin secretion in response to electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus. The implications of the above findings for experiments that involve manipulation or recording of the vagus are discussed. PMID- 6663018 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide: a unique model for vagal control of endocrine systems. AB - Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a hormone synthesized only in the duodenal pancreas where the PP cell is the dominating endocrine cell type. The secretion of PP is regulated by food-intake and by plasma glucose--in both cases through vagal cholinergic mechanisms. In vitro cholinergic stimulation is 4-10 times as potent as any other stimulatory mechanism, e.g. beta-adrenergic stimulation. Although other agents such as gastrointestinal hormones and neuropeptides are potent stimulators of PP secretion in vivo, their action is totally eliminated by blockade of the muscarinic receptor and in several cases also abolished by vagotomy. Furthermore, these peptides have no or only a weak effect in vitro. The stimulation of PP secretion by hypoglycemia and inhibition by hyperglycemia is mediated also through an efferent vagal mechanism. Under extreme hypoglycemia the stimulation of PP release becomes partially atropine resistant, although still totally dependent on the vagus; conceivably the release of other transmitters, like e.g. VIP, is activated under these circumstances. In the basal state, PP secretion is under oscillating cholinergic tone. Thus, the secretion of PP is unique in the way that the cholinergic, vagal stimulation is not only the most powerful stimulatory mechanism, but also the key through which other mechanisms act. PP secretion can be used, e.g. as a sensitive indicator of autonomic disorders in patients with diabetes. PMID- 6663019 TI - Studies of electrical activity of the peripheral components of the autonomic nervous system in chronic experiments. AB - The review presented here deals chiefly with the construction of 'contact' and 'penetrating' electrodes used for implantation and recording from nerves of the autonomic nervous system. The major concern was the design of the capsules in which the electrodes were mounted and the nerve was placed. The details of how afferent and efferent discharges were separated from the total impulse flow are presented. Towards this end the technique of local reversible cooling of the nerve trunk was applied. Consideration was given to the problem of exteriorizing electrode leads and cooling device tubes and fixing them on the animal's body surface. Mention is made of the possible uses of these devices for recording visceral reactions. PMID- 6663020 TI - Frequency limitation in the human baroreceptor reflex. AB - In 10 unsedated normotensive subjects, low-level bilateral electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerves (0.35 ms, 1-2 V) was applied with frequencies of 20 200 Hz for therapeutic purposes. Both peak and steady-state reflex effects increased with the stimulus rate up to 80 Hz. After 1 min of stimulation, the largest fall of arterial pressure (21.0 +/- 5.8%, mean +/- S.D.) was produced by stimulus frequencies of 80-120 Hz. Right atrial pacing did not modify the results. After 1 min of stimulation at 200 Hz, the arterial pressure fall was reduced to 13.6 +/- 5.2% (P less than 0.001), whereas peak effects, reached after 15-40 s, were near maximal. The reduction of the depressor response emerged after about 10 s of stimulation and was complete after about 1 min. Peak RR-interval prolongation occurred within 10 s and showed no adaptation. Comparison of continuous stimulation and R-wave-triggered intermittent stimulation in 3 subjects suggested that the reflex effect was determined by the mean stimulus frequency. We conclude that frequency limitation in the baroreceptor reflex begins when the stimulus rate exceeds about 80 Hz. It leads to a frequency dependent, gradual adaptation of the reflex effects when the stimulus rate exceeds 120 Hz. This conclusion is limited to the part of the reflex that is subserved by myelinated afferent fibers. PMID- 6663021 TI - Time delays in the human baroreceptor reflex. AB - In 11 normotensive subjects with coronary artery disease, low intensity electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerves (CSN) was triggered by the R wave in the electrocardiogram with an adjustable delay. The latent period was estimated between the start of CSN stimulation and the onset of the reflex-PP interval prolongation and, during right atrial pacing, the onset of the reflex fall of diastolic arterial pressure and prolongation of the AV-interval. The latency to the reverse changes was determined after switching CSN stimulation off. The PP-interval changes started after a latency of 0.5-0.6 s. This latency was independent of the respiratory phase and it was independent of the directional change of the afferent activity. AV-interval changes started after about 1 s. When heart rate was fixed, arterial pressure changes started after 2-3 s. It is estimated that central processing of baroreceptor afferent activity may require 0.25 s in the human. PMID- 6663022 TI - Reticular formation of the lower brainstem. A common system for cardiorespiratory and somatomotor functions: discharge patterns of neighboring neurons influenced by cardiovascular and respiratory afferents. AB - Experiments were done in dogs with chloralose-urethane anesthesia. Long-lasting extracellular recordings were made from the medial parts of the reticular formation of the lower brainstem for up to 250 min. The study is based on reactions of 103 neurons. The activities of 2 or 3 neighbouring neurons recorded under identical conditions with one electrode or of neurons recorded with two electrodes at the same time could be changed regularly and synchronously by experimental changes of hemodynamic or ventilatory parameters. Action potentials were separated by amplitude discrimination. Rhythmic pulsatile modulations were proved to be present in 78% of all neurons by post-event-time histograms triggered by the R-wave of the ECG. In the 96 neurons tested 86% changed their activity when arterial pressure was raised by inflating a balloon in the abdominal aorta (79% decreased and 7% increased their activity). In post-event time histograms triggered by the start of inspiration, 83% of the neurons showed modulations of their activity with respiratory rhythm. Experimental lung inflation decreased the activity in 75% of the tested neurons, while experimental lung deflation activated 47% of the tested neurons. Stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors activated 77% of the tested neurons. It was thus demonstrated that receptors in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems exert an influence on nearly all neurons from which recordings were made in that part of the reticular formation. Arterial baroreceptors and lung stretch receptors revealed a generalized depressing effect on the neuronal activity while chemoreceptors exert a generalized augmenting effect. At different times of recording these neurons did not always react to the same extent to comparable stimulations of afferents. PMID- 6663023 TI - Reticular formation of the lower brainstem. A common system for cardiorespiratory and somatomotor functions: discharge patterns of neighboring neurons influenced by somatosensory afferents. AB - Extracellular recordings were made from 103 neurons located in the medial parts of the reticular formation of the lower brainstem of chloralose-urethane anesthetized dogs. Activities of 2 or 3 neighbouring neurons under identical conditions could be recorded with one electrode. In 9 recordings it was possible to register simultaneously up to 5 neurons with two electrodes placed in both halves of the medulla. Action potentials of individual neighbouring neurons were identified by amplitude discrimination. The influences of somatosensory afferents from skin, joints and muscles on neuronal discharge patterns were tested. Responses of single neurons were characterized by multisensory afferent spectra including afferents from various parts of the body. The combinations of afferents converging onto neighbouring neurons were similar, whereas neurons in more distant parts of the medulla revealed different combinations of converging afferents. In long-lasting recordings the influence of somatosensory afferents on the discharge behaviour changed from time to time. When the discharge behaviour was mainly determined by somatosensory afferents, neighbouring neurons were shown to be organized in sub-populations. The results led to the conclusion that in this part of the reticular formation different types of functional organization of the neuronal network are possible. The type of functional organization depends on the actual preponderances of different inputs to the neurons. PMID- 6663024 TI - Responses in cutaneous vascular tone to transient hypoxia in man. AB - The study was undertaken to determine the changes in skin circulation in response to systemic hypoxia. Transient hypoxia was induced in 24 healthy subjects by breathing 8% O2 in N2 for 90 s. Arterial oxygen tension was measured transcutaneously (tcpO2), photoplethysmography was employed to monitor changes in cutaneous vessel tone, and respiratory tidal volumes were measured by a Fleisch pneumotachograph. End tidal CO2 concentration, ECG, heart rate, finger skin resistance, and finger skin temperature were monitored continuously as well. Multi-unit skin sympathetic activity was recorded in the median nerve at wrist level by using Tungsten microelectrodes. By the end of the 90 s hypoxic test period tcpO2 was reduced from the control value of 95 +/- 1.8 mm Hg to 51.7 +/- 2.8 mm Hg; respiratory tidal volume increased from the resting value of 585 +/- 22 ml to 746 +/- 38 ml, while photoplethysmographic pulse amplitude decreased to 60% of control, together with a 0.22 +/- 0.03 degree C drop in skin temperature. The values are +/- S.E. In half of the cases skin resistance was reduced as well. Skin sympathetic activity increased during hypoxia and each major burst was followed by a reduction in pulse amplitude. The respiratory and photoplethysmographic responses exhibited similar time courses, with corresponding peaks. Voluntary hyperventilation for 90 s with room air also produced an initial reduction in pulse amplitude; however, it recovered within 60 s. It is concluded that in conscious human subjects, transient systemic hypoxia leads to constriction of cutaneous vessels in the hand, and that the vasoconstriction is the result of increased traffic in sympathetic efferent fibers. Skin vasoconstriction can develop independently of respiratory changes; usually the concomitant hyperventilation facilitates the cutaneous response. PMID- 6663025 TI - Lumbar spinal cord responses to limb vein distention. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if central neural responses were elicited by distention of limb veins, and to compare the pattern of these response to those produced in previous studies using electrical stimulation to excite limb venous afferent fibers. Spinal evoked potentials were measured in response to stretch of the wall of a segment of the femoral-saphenous vein by perfusion-distention or by mechanical stretch. These studies revealed that spinal cord evoked potentials were elicited by these procedures, and that the activated venous afferent fibers coursed through the saphenous nerve and entered the sixth lumber spinal cord segment. The minimum stretches which were required to elicit spinal evoked potentials were produced by perfusion pressures starting at 2-3 mm Hg, or by mechanical stretch of the wall of 5 micron/mm. A vein wall proprioceptor hypothesis is proposed and discussed in the light of these findings. In addition to the cord dorsum evoked potentials, distention or stretch of the vein wall elicited ventral root potentials (excitatory postsynaptic population potentials) which are known to be produced by excitatory inputs to motoneurons. A venous afferent mediated muscle-tonus venopressor mechanism hypothesis is proposed and discussed in the light of these and previous findings. PMID- 6663026 TI - Effects of stimulation of the mediodorsal nucleus and its projection cortex on heart rate in the rabbit. AB - Electrical stimulation of prefrontal cortex in anesthetized rabbits evoked small (less than 10%) changes in heart rate. In contrast, stimulation of the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus (MD) elicited decreases in heart rate proportional to the stimulating current. The maximal peak reductions in heart rate evoked by higher current intensities were 85% from prestimulus levels. The bradycardiac response had a short latency after stimulus onset (less than 1 s, peak within 5 s), and the heart rate usually returned to baseline within 30 s after stimulation. Vagal cholinergic innervation of the heart was suggested as the final effector pathway since bilateral vagotomy or administration of atropine (sulfate or methyl nitrate, 0.15-0.4 mg/kg, i.v.) virtually abolished the rapid bradycardiac responses. Administration of a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (propranolol, 3 mg/kg, i.v.) was without effect on the heart rate response. The effective medial thalamic area for evoking a response was localized to MD, the thalamic midline nuclei between both MDs and a region continuous with, but posterior to MD (e.g. parafascicular nucleus). A descending effector pathway from the thalamus was implicated since complete bilateral ablation of prefrontal cortex did not reduce the stimulus-produced bradycardia evoked from MD. Similar large bradycardiac responses were obtained in an unanesthetized preparation to both MD stimulation and to sensory stimuli, suggesting a possible physiological correlate for these intracranially-evoked heart rate changes. PMID- 6663027 TI - [Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva. Clinical, histologic and ultrastructural study]. AB - Four cases of muco-epidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva are described, with an electron microscopy study in one case. Three patients were over 70 years and the fourth one 39 years old. In all cases, the tumor was primarily located close to the limbus and appeared as a quiescent corneoscleral ulcer or as a diffuse limbal thickening. Histologically, they showed an admixture of epidermoid and mucus secreting cells on alcian blue staining, and this was confirmed by electron microscopy. These tumors appear to be locally aggressive and rapidly recurring, and they invade the intra-ocular structures and/or orbit. One patient died 6 years after the onset of the disease. Prognosis is therefore poor and the lesion requires early treatment by wide local excision and a strict follow up for early detection of any recurrence. PMID- 6663028 TI - [Retinal arteritis in Liebow's lymphomatoid granulomatosis]. AB - A case is reported of central retinal artery obstruction appearing during the course of a Liebow lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Extrapulmonary manifestations of this necrotizing angiitis, and the differential diagnosis with Wegener's granulomatosis are discussed. PMID- 6663029 TI - [The dorso-mesencephalic syndrome. Electrooculographic study of 2 clinical cases]. AB - Electro-oculographic recordings of horizontal eye movements in two patients with dorso-mesencephalic lesions are analysed. Tracings shows essentially: (A) dysconjugate glissadic dysmetria, with adduction overshoot and abduction undershoot, and (B) instability of ocular fixation. Fixation instability consists of bursts of 2 or 3 bilateral to-and-fro eye movements, of 4 degree or less amplitude. During a burst there is no evident latency between successive ocular movements. Bursts often appear following horizontal refixation saccades, and are then repeated once or twice with regular intervals. In one patient, fixation instability phases are more often elicited by saccades to the right than to the left. The typical occurrence of fixation instability after the fast phase of optokinetic nystagmus is described. The alteration of ocular fixation described in our patients belongs to the general group of "saccadic intrusions" as defined by Daroff et al. (1977). Resemblance with "lightning eye movements" (Atkin and Bender, 1964) and "opposed adducting saccades" in the Sylvian aqueduct syndrome (Ochs et al., 1979) is discussed. PMID- 6663030 TI - [Ocular torticollis: diagnosis and prognosis]. AB - A review of 336 cases of operated ocular torticollis demonstrated the presence of facial asymmetry in approximately 80 p.cent of cases. An original classification of ocular torticollis is proposed. PMID- 6663031 TI - [Development and training of monocular motor control]. AB - Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes observed in strabismus may result from sensory, motor, and/or central nervous system disorders. The functional properties of a technique designed to increase, through training, the monocular motor control of normal human subjects was evaluated, the ultimate goal being obviously to apply the technique to cases of minor strabismus. The subject is seated in front of a television screen. A diaphragm extending from the subject's head to the screen divides the picture into two visually separated half fields. A micro-computer was programmed to project two patterns on the screen, made up of vertical green and grey bars (spatial frequency, 3 deg.). Displacement of the two visually superposable half fields could be independently achieved. The subject's task was to fixate, with one eye, the corresponding half field maintained stationary and track, with the other eye, the motion of the second half field. Perfect fusion of the two half fields has to be preserved during movements of the mobile half field over 2 to 6 degrees at a frequency of 0.4 Hz. The results show that after a few training sessions, subjects developed a high gain monocular motor control. This observation suggests that the method may be used as therapy to correct minor strabismus with or without anomalous retinal correspondence, and offers the possibility to study static and dynamic characteristics of Panum's areas and particularly their modifications as a function of training of monocular motor control. PMID- 6663032 TI - [Anatomic study of a Simcoe implant in situ]. PMID- 6663033 TI - [New instrument for extracapsular cataract extraction]. AB - A new cannula for use during vitreotomy is proposed with the object of improving extracapsular cataract extraction techniques. The cannula offers the advantages of allowing infusion through the aspiration opening to produce an immediate deep anterior chamber, of easy cleaning of the opening without the need for removal from the anterior chamber, and of the possibility of removing small remnants of the anterior lens capsule. PMID- 6663034 TI - [A case of acute lung edema after intraocular injection of silicone]. PMID- 6663035 TI - [Examination of the corneal epithelium using the specular microscope]. AB - Corneal epithelium examinations were conducted using the Pocklington specular microscope. Fifty cornea were observed and photographed. The most superficial corneal epithelium layer is seen with difficulty as the cells lack sufficient contrast. Epithelial lesions are easier to detect because cellular reflection is more marked. Injured cells are larger, and brighter, and their nucleus is more often visible. Subepithelial deposits can be recognized. PMID- 6663036 TI - Circulating antitriiodothyronine autoantibodies in two euthyroid patients: apparent lack of interference in total T3 radioimmunoassay based on second antibody or solid phase separation techniques. AB - Two clinically euthyroid patients were noted to have low total T3 levels as assessed by RIA using either dextran-charcoal (DC) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) for separation of bound from unbound T3, in spite of normal free T3, total and free T4 and basal and TRH-stimulated TSH concentrations. The presence of circulating substances binding T3 was suggested by high nonspecific binding in total T3 RIA system using either DC or PEG separation. The presence of anti-T3 autoantibodies was then suspected and confirmed by the presence of [125]-T3 bound to patients' gammaglobulins, precipitated with rabbit anti-human immunoglobulins. Serum T3 concentration determined by extracting T3 from patients' sera with methanol was 166 and 226 ng/dl. Similar or even lower values were unexpectedly obtained in RIA systems with solid phase or second antibody (anti-rabbit) separation and with competitive protein binding assay. To face this paradoxical finding, simulated experiments were carried out by incubating T3- and T4-free sera added with various amounts of stable T3 and T4 in the presence of goat anti T3 or anti-T4 serum. These samples were then radioimmunoassayed. The DC separation caused a consistent underestimation of the actual T3 and T4 concentration. The second antibody separation caused a T3 and T4 overestimation for actual levels below 200 ng/dl and 10 micrograms/dl, respectively, while at the higher T3 or T4 concentrations, an overlap or, even, an underestimation of actual T3 or T4 levels were found. These data provide evidence that, with second antibody or solid phase separation methods, there could be an apparent lack of interfering effect of endogenously occurring antibodies. PMID- 6663037 TI - Influence of glucoregulation with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on nerve conduction velocity and beat to beat variation in diabetics. AB - Limited and contrasting data are available on the relationship between metabolic control and diabetic neuropathy. In eight type I diabetics peripheral and autonomic neuropathy were studied, first in conditions of poor metabolic control and then after one and three months during which an improved control of glycemic levels had been obtained by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Autonomic neuropathy was investigated by evaluating beat to beat variation during deep breathing; peripheral neuropathy by measuring maximum motor conduction velocity of peroneal and median nerves and sensory conduction velocity of median nerve. Our data showed significant improvement of motor conduction velocity in both nerves studied, whilst sensory conduction velocity did not show any significant variation. The changes observed in beat to beat variation in five subjects with initially abnormal scores might reflect an improvement in autonomic nervous function, even if long-term studies are needed. PMID- 6663038 TI - The use of plasma or early morning urine specimens for monitoring estrogen in non pregnant women. AB - A comparison was made of estradiol in plasma and estrogen in urine of non pregnant women. Estradiol was measured in plasma by RIA and estrogen excretion in urine was calculated from estrogen and creatine levels in early morning urine samples. There was a close correlation of values obtained by the two methods and both gave consistently low values for a woman who apparently did not ovulate. Either plasma or single urine specimens were convenient for the women and suitable for monitoring estrogen levels. These methods, which require only a single sample each day, would be especially useful when multiple samples are required. PMID- 6663039 TI - Patients with the irritable bowel syndrome: seeing the forest for the trees (or how not to bark up the wrong tree) PMID- 6663040 TI - Detailed history and examination assist positive clinical diagnosis of the irritable bowel syndrome. AB - A detailed history and examination removes much of the vagueness from the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome patients. The syndrome is much more homogeneous than suggested by the patient's complaints. Detailed questioning and examination contribute to further information in over two-thirds of patients. Examination reveals previously unrecognized abnormalities of bowel habit in over one-third of the patients. A proper history and examination remain foremost investigative weapons in the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 6663041 TI - Management of the irritable bowel syndrome: a personal view. AB - One hundred fifty-four of 184 consecutive patients diagnosed as having the irritable bowel syndrome were followed for an average of 29 months. Diagnosis was based on history, physical examination, and sigmoidoscopy. Seventy-eight percent of the patients had some form of gastrointestinal radiologic investigation, the majority ordered by the referring physicians. Treatment was restricted to reassurance, explanation, and a high-fiber diet. Twenty-five patients continued to take or had prescribed by their family physicians antispasmodics, minor tranquilizers, or laxatives. Eleven patients required psychiatric referral or major psychotropic medication. At follow-up, 79% felt their symptoms were better, much better, or gone completely. Outcome was not affected by identified psychiatric problems. During follow-up, an organic cause for symptoms was identified in six patients. The change in diagnosis was the result of clinical suspicion plus failure to respond to conservative therapy. PMID- 6663042 TI - Effect of gastroesophageal reflux on esophageal speech. AB - Gastroesophageal reflux has been incriminated as a factor-inhibiting acquisition of esophageal speech after laryngectomy. Fourteen proficient esophageal speakers and 10 nonproficient speakers underwent esophageal manometry, esophageal pH probe testing, and Bernstein acid perfusion testing. Additionally, 175 laryngectomized members of Lost Chord Clubs answered mailed questionnaires about the frequency of reflux symptoms. Nonproficient and proficient esophageal speakers had a similar frequency of gastroesophageal reflux by pH probe testing, esophageal mucosal acid sensitivity by Bernstein testing, lower esophageal sphincter pressures, and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Gastroesophageal reflux does not appear to be a major factor in preventing esophageal speech. PMID- 6663043 TI - Long-term follow-up of duodenal ulcer patients. AB - The CURE peptic ulcer clinic started in April 1974. Patients (mostly veterans) with documented ulcer disease were interviewed regularly and inpatient hospitalizations were reviewed for follow-up periods of up to 6 years. Data from 245 male ulcer patients, 190 with duodenal ulcer alone and 55 with both documented duodenal ulcer (DU) and gastric ulcer (GU), were analyzed to assess the natural history of ulcer disease and factors predicting the severity of its course. Eleven percent of clinic patients had a complication (bleeding requiring a transfusion, perforation, or obstruction) during follow-up. Complication rates were about 2.7% per year for those with no prior complication, and about 5% per year for those with a prior complication. No patient variables or ulcer markers were related to the likelihood of a complication. Patients with both DU and GU were similar to patients with DU alone on many background variables, but the combined ulcer group had a significantly higher frequency of blood group nonsecretors, increased incidence of cigarette smoking, and greater frequency of complications or ulcer hospitalization prior to entry into the study and during follow-up. These factors, together with our failure to find differences in aggressive factors (acid output and PGI), suggests that DU + GU represents a different disease entity marked by additional defects in mucosal defense.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6663044 TI - Pleurisy during the course of ulcerative colitis. AB - Extracolonic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease have attracted considerable attention. We present two young men with ulcerative colitis who also developed pleurisy. While this association has not been reported previously, the temporal relationship and absence of another cause suggest that the pleuritis could be a systemic manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6663045 TI - The occurrence of lymphoid nodules in the colon of adults. PMID- 6663046 TI - Intra-abdominal lymphangiectatic cysts: an uncommon abdominal lesion in children and young adults. AB - Three patients with intra-abdominal lymphangiectatic cysts, with details of their clinical radiologic, and pathologic findings, provide examples of the diverse and confusing clinical manifestations of this uncommon lesion. Their diversity is largely the result of their variable size and location within the mesentery, omentum, or mesocolon. Radiologic examination provides the greatest aid in preoperative diagnosis, and is useful in differentiation from ascites and other abdominal lesions. The characteristic histologic appearance of lymphangiectatic cysts provides their ultimate classification. PMID- 6663047 TI - The gastroenterologist: sedation and CPR. PMID- 6663048 TI - Hypertension and pheochromocytoma. PMID- 6663049 TI - Termination of geniculocortical afferents on bipolar neurons in area 17 of the albino rat: a Golgi/EM study. AB - Degenerating terminals of specific afferents to the primary visual cortex of the albino rat were identified by electron microscopy after electrolytic lesions of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Bipolar neurons were marked by Golgi impregnation. We observed smooth dendrites of two bipolar cells postsynaptic to degenerating geniculate terminals. We conclude that this cortical cell type is directly contacted by thalamic afferents. PMID- 6663050 TI - Synaptic plasticity in the cerebral cortex of mice: effects of radiation and anesthesia. AB - In the neuropil of layers II and III of the frontal cortex of adult mice, as seen in the electron microscope, sodium pentobarbital anesthesia alone results in a significant decrease in synaptic profile length at 1 day after anesthetization, followed by a return to normal or above normal levels after 2-28 days, while the number of synaptic profiles per unit cross section (profile incidence) is not altered; irradiation with 5-500 rad plateau argon particles significantly inhibits the profile shortening effect of anesthesia at 1 day after exposure, but this inhibition is not dose related; an inverse dose relationship in profile incidence appears at 2 days following irradiation with argon particles; at 1 to 2 hours after 150 or 220 rad x-irradiation, profile incidence is significantly reduced while the length is increased, effects that appear to be dose related and unaffected by adrenalectomy. PMID- 6663051 TI - Ultrastructure of neuronal cell bodies in the dorsal cortex of Lacerta galloti. AB - According to ultrastructure, size and location within the dorsal cortex of Lacerta galloti, six basic types of neuronal somata are described in this study. In the outer plexiform layer only few neuronal somata with nuclear invaginations can be detected (type A). In the granular stratum, large neuronal somata (type B) receiving axo-somatic synapses and covered by ependymoglial ramifications represent 60% of all somata of the dorsal cortex. In the inner plexiform layer, a heterogeneous population of somata according to their ultrastructure can be detected. These are: big neuronal somata (type C), neuronal somata with nuclear invaginations (type D), neuronal somata having many dense core vesicles (type E), and neuronal somata associated to the ependymal layer (type F). There, also groups or "nests" of neuronal somata closely attached and partially covered by ependymoglial branches can be seen. Because of the simple cytoarchitectonic scheme of this dorsal cortex, location of somata, frequency, and biometrical characteristics they have been used to make comparisons with neuronal types defined by Golgi impregnations in the dorsal cortex of Lacerta galloti (Regidor 1977). Nevertheless, grouped neuronal somata of the inner plexiform layer are difficult to correlate; also the presence of immature neuronal somata in this area leads to the possibility of existing a subependymary zone remaining some embryonary characteristics. PMID- 6663052 TI - The central nervous system of the brachiopterygian fish Erpetoichthys calabaricus. AB - In this paper a survey is presented of the macrostructure and microstructure of the central nervous system of the brachiopterygian fish Erpetoichthys calabaricus, based partly on personal observations and partly on the literature. The spinal cord resembles in its structural organization that of other fish groups. It is, however, remarkable that at lower levels the ventral and dorsal horns are represented by isolated islands of gray without a zona intermedia. In the rhombencephalon the gray matter is arranged in four longitudinal zones or areas which have been termed area ventralis, area intermedioventralis, area intermediodorsalis and area dorsalis. These longitudinal areas coincide largely, but not entirely, with the so-called functional columns of Herrick and Johnston. The most obvious incongruity is that the area intermediodorsalis contains, in addition to the viscerosensory nucleus o the solitary tract, several somatosensory centres. The cerebellum comprises, apart from a pair of large auriculae, a well developed central body. The latter consists of bilateral symmetrical halves which have invaginated into the ventricular cavity. The rostral part of this central body represents the valvula cerebelli, whereas its caudal part represents the corpus cerebelli. Microscopically, the cerebellum contains a molecular layer, a zone of Purkinje cells and a zone of granule cells, but these structures are not arranged in the usual laminated pattern. The medium sized mesencephalon comprises a ventral tegmentum and a dorsal tectum. The former can be subdivided into a medial zone and a lateral zone. The medial zone may be considered as a direct rostral continuation of the, mainly somatomotor, rhombencephalic area ventralis. The lateral tegmental zone contains, apart from a rather small torus semicircularis, a huge, submeningeally situated, cell mass, which is known as the torus lateralis. The functional significance of this centre is entirely unknown. The tectum shows a distinct laminar pattern which in some respects is more reminiscent to that of anurans than to that of actinopterygian fishes. The fibre systems in the brain stem and spinal cord have not been studied with experimental techniques so far. However, the following pathways could be clearly distinguished in our normal material: (1) several bundles of primary afferent fibres in the rhombencephalic alar plate, (2) a distinct lateral lemniscus, (3) a large fasciculu longitudinalis medialis, comprising vestibulospinal, vestibulomesencephalic and reticulospinal fibres, as well as the giant fibre of Mauthner, (4) a tectobulbar fibre system, (5) a fasciculus retroflexus, (6) a number of fasciculi tegmentales + PMID- 6663053 TI - [Neuronal location of thalamic afferents in the cingulate area of the rat]. AB - Lesions were placed in the rat anterior thalamus (nucleus mediodorsalis and nucleus anteromedialis) known to project to the cingulate cortex (area 24). Transneuronal degeneration signs were found at the apical and basal dendritic tree of lamina V- and lamina III-pyramidal neurons in Golgi-Kopsch preparations. The lesioned animals showed significant decreases in the dendritic spine-density of apical and basal single dendritic fields of lamina V- as well as lamina III pyramids. The results suggest that in the area 24 of the rat the thalamic afferent fibres terminate at both these pyramidal neurons. The method used allowed no decision whether the thalamic afferents terminate directly at the pyramids or if interneurons are interconnected. PMID- 6663054 TI - Allometrical studies in the brain of cyclostomes. AB - The brain weight - body weight relation was studied in 91 specimens of the order Cyclostomata (69 Petromyzonoidea, 22 Myxinoidea) and compared to data from other vertebrates. The interspecific slope of cyclostomes differs from that of other vertebrates (a = 0.23 in petromyzonts, a = 0.41 in myxonoids). Differences observed in the relationship of brain parts to body weight in the two suborders were interpreted as due to sense organ bound specializations. In a comparative diagram of the brain weight - body weight relation in vertebrates the cyclostomes take the lowest position. PMID- 6663055 TI - Comparison of brain structure volumes in Insectivora and Primates. III. Main olfactory bulb (MOB). AB - Volumes of the main olfactory bulb (MOB) in 76 species of Insectivora, Scandentia, Primates and Macroscelidea, and some of the laminar components in 34 species were measured. No statistically significant differences were found (1) between the two sides in the 162 individuals and (2) between males and females in the 19 species in which both sexes were examined. In interspecific comparisons the relative size (expressed by size indices) shows a definite tendency to decrease from Insectivora through prosimians and simians to man. The average indices were 100-64-10-3.6, respectively. Scandentia and Macroscelidea have the highest average MOB indices (135 and 166). The relative MOB size is discussed in relation to feeding and social behaviour. It was shown that MOB development is largely linked to dietary adaptations but that its importance in feeding behaviour is paralleled by a similar importance in social behaviour. Within each dietary type, MOB development is associated with the different characteristics of the occupied niche. Among Insectivora, ground-dwelling species occupy the upper, and semiaquatic species the lower positions in the size scale for the MOB. Among Primates, in closely related species, the nocturnal species have in general better developed MOBs than the diurnal species. The composition of the MOB is relatively stable, i.e. the laminar components (layers 1 + 2, 3, and 4-6) show no clear change in their percentage size from well developed to strongly reduced MOBs. Only in the diurnal simians are layers 4-6 relatively small. This corresponds with the general observation (obtained from light-microscopy) that the granular layer (layer 6) is reduced and decomposed in higher Primates, and especially in man. PMID- 6663056 TI - Incidence of degenerate fibres in the dorsal column nuclei after ligation of the abdominal aorta. AB - It was investigated the incidence of damaged nerve fibres in the gracile nucleus and the cuneate nucleus of the dog following an intermittent ligation of the abdominal aorta and 3-day survival. The incidence of damaged fibres was studied at three levels, i.e. the caudal part of the gracile nucleus, the cell-nest region of the gracile nucleus and the region just before the beginning of the central canal. The largest number of disintegrated nerve fibres was found in the cell-nest region. It was observed, that the incidence of damaged fibres diminished both caudally and cranially. When comparing the region just before the beginning of the gracile nucleus with the caudal part of the gracile nucleus it was stated, that the higher density of decomposed fibres was in the region just below the obex. In common there were fewer disintegrated fibres in the cuneate than in the gracile nucleus. PMID- 6663057 TI - Comparative anatomical studies on the cerebellar nuclei of the pangolins. AB - The configurations and volumes of the cerebellar nuclei of left and right 10 sides of 5 cases of the pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) were examined with sagittal myelin sheath and toluidine blue stained serial sections and reconstruction models based upon these serial sections respectively. The cerebellar nuclei of the pangolins, same as in other mammals can be divided into four nuclei, nucleus medialis (M), nucleus interpositus posterior (P), nucleus interpositus anterior (A) and nucleus lateralis (L). In all cases from medially to laterally, M, P, A and L appear in order and disappear M, A, P and L in order respectively. The volume of each nucleus in the total volume of the cerebellar nuclei is: M; 5.3-7.9% P; 27.1-31.2% A; 17.6-22.9% L; 42.4-46.2% In right and left each cerebellar nuclei significant difference is not recognized as p is less than 0.05. The posterior protuberance of the nucleus medialis protrudes remarkably in 4 cases of No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 but in only 1 case of No. 5 it protrudes slightly. In nucleus interpositus posterior the ventrolateral protuberance protrudes slightly in 4 cases of No. 1, No. 3, No. 4 and No. 5 but in only 1 case of No. 2 it protrudes remarkably. The anterior protuberance protrudes remarkably in all cases and the superior protuberance protrudes remarkably in 3 cases of No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 but in 2 cases of No. 1 and No. 5 it protrudes slightly. In sulci, sulcus b and sulcus a' are distinct in all cases and sulcus a, sulcus c, sulcus b' and sulcus c' are considerably remarkable. In the toluidine blue stained serial sections, the nucleus medialis is composed of close small nerve cells, nucleus interpositus posterior is composed of the diffuse medium-sized nerve cells, nucleus interpositus anterior is composed of the close medium-sized nerve cells and nucleus lateralis is composed of the diffuse large nerve cells. In projection pictures of each subnuclei to the cerebellar cortex in each directions in the dorsal view the nucleus medialis is projected to the medial part of the folium vermis, the medial part of the nucleus interpositus posterior to the lateral part of the folium vermis and partly caudolateral part of the declive, and the lateral part of it to the crus II of the lobulus ansiformis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663058 TI - The herring gull Larus argentatus as a carrier of salmonella. AB - The proportion of salmonella carriers among town-nesting herring gulls increased significantly from 2.1% in 1975-6 to 8.4% in 1979. The range of serotypes carried by herring gulls was similar to that causing infection in man, and it is likely that the gulls ingest these serotypes when feeding at untreated sewage outfalls on the coast. This is supported by the proportion of salmonella carriers being higher among first-year birds (9.7%) than among older birds (2.0%), as it is known that higher proportions of immature herring gulls feed on the coast. Herring gulls carrying salmonellas appeared healthy at the time of capture and at a later date it was assumed that they were not themselves infected. However, their habit of congregating in large numbers on reservoirs and rubbish tips and also at resting sites on farmland often far from feeding and roosting areas, multiplies the pollution problem and increases the potential health hazard for both man and farm stock. Herring gulls feed at a variety of sites and fly many miles from food source to food source and from feeding areas to the roost. Thus, even within the same day, there is the possibility of the transfer of salmonellas over a much wider area than previously considered. PMID- 6663059 TI - The herring gull Larus argentatus as a likely transmitting agent of Salmonella montevideo to sheep and cattle. AB - This paper presents evidence for the involvement of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) as vectors in the recent outbreaks of Salmonella montevideo in sheep and cattle in Scotland and suggests that the transfer can take place over considerable distances. The breeding area in Scotland of herring gulls which overwinter in N.E. England is remarkably similar to the geographical distribution of the outbreaks. This pattern, together with the feeding behaviour of herring gulls on farmland, the presence of S. montevideo in herring gulls just before their departure from the wintering area and the timing of the return just before the peak of outbreaks are all circumstantial evidence implicating this gull in the outbreaks. The rapid return of these gulls to their breeding areas means that S. montevideo can be transported long distances in one day and raises the possibility that the original source of S. montevideo could have been in N.E. England rather than in Scotland. PMID- 6663060 TI - A comparison of procedures for the isolation of campylobacters from seagull faeces. AB - Two enrichment broths (Preston and Roman & Doyle's) and four solid media (Preston, Skirrow's, Butzler's and Blaser's) were compared to determine their relative efficiencies in recovering campylobacters from 389 freshly voided seagull faeces, 276 of which were found to contain campylobacters by one or more of the procedures used. A combination of enrichment in Preston medium followed by plating on to Preston agar gave the highest number of isolates (263). Enrichment in fluid media was shown to be an important part of the technique, as only 85 (30.8%) of the 276 isolations were made as a result of direct plating. Very little difference was seen between the two forms of enrichment (P greater than 0.5) but of the four selective media, Butzler's was significantly less efficient than any of the other three (P less than 0.01), because it failed to grow more than a few strains of Campylobacter coli and the NARTC group, which together made up nearly two-thirds of the total number od Campylobacter spp. isolated. PMID- 6663061 TI - A comparison of two modifications of Rappaport's enrichment medium (R25 and RV) for the isolation of salmonellas from sewage polluted natural water. AB - The development of Rappaport's enrichment medium and elevated temperature incubation as methods of salmonella isolation is traced. The recent recording of a merger of the two techniques by means of Rappaport--Vassiliadis medium is noted (RV medium). In Cardiff, we have found an earlier modification of Rappaport's enrichment (R25) by Vassiliadis to be efficient in salmonella recovery from environment samples. The current study compares the two media using sewage polluted natural water as test material. Under the conditions of experiment, R25 was more successful in salmonella isolation than RV, although the later medium inhibited competitive organisms better. R25 is a convenient enrichment broth for routine use. In combination with pre-enrichment it allows the use of a loop for subculture rather than a pipette. This increases safe manipulation. It also produces a high proportion of positive isolations at the 24 h subculture time in contrast to other enrichment broths. For these reasons it forms an integral part of salmonella isolation methodology in our laboratory. PMID- 6663062 TI - Studies on the growth and survival of Staphylococcus aureus in corned beef. AB - The growth of an enterotoxin A producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus in corned beef was investigated. In the inoculated 6 lb. canned product the bacteria spread throughout the meat and attained high numbers. The rate of spread of the organisms was related to the temperature and length of storage of the cans and the numbers of bacteria inoculated. Cans which had been stored for more than four months showed high counts of the bacteria throughout the meat. It was noted that with the long term contaminated product counts of S. aureus on some selective media may give falsely low results. Numbers of S. aureus on meat inoculated by handling after removal from the can were initially extremely variable. More uniform distribution and higher counts were attained only if the meat was exposed for some hours at ambient temperature or above. The significance of the results to the investigation of outbreaks of food poisoning suspected of being associated with canned corned beef is discussed. PMID- 6663063 TI - Incidence and properties of Staphylococcus aureus associated with turkeys during processing and further-processing operations. AB - The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus on turkeys sampled at various stages of processing and further-processing was determined on four occasions at each of three different processing plants. For freshly-slaughtered birds, counts from neck skin varied from plant to plant over the range less than 10(2) to greater than 10(5)/g but in all cases the corresponding counts obtained from carcasses sampled after chilling rarely exceeded 10(3)/g and the same was true for samples of mechanically recovered meat (MRM), the final raw product examined. Despite the limited susceptibility of isolates from the different factories to typing by means of either standard human or poultry bacteriophages (55-94% untypable), evidence was obtained with the aid of biotyping for the presence of both human and animal-derived strains. However, some biotypes isolated from MRM were not detected at earlier stages of processing. At one processing plant, an "indigenous' type of S. aureus was clearly demonstrated. It occurred in high numbers in the defeathering machines (up to 10(5)/swab), was found on carcasses at all subsequent stages of processing over the survey period and was shown to survive routine cleaning and disinfection procedures. Isolates of this type produced unusually large amounts of extracellular "slime' in artificial culture. Two of the three processing plants yielded isolates which were enterotoxigenic. Of 55 strains from Plant 1, 60% produced enterotoxin C and all were of the "indigenous' type. In the case of Plant 2, only two type D- and one type F producing strain were found. PMID- 6663064 TI - A comparison between tracer gas and tracer particle techniques in evaluating the efficiency of ventilation in operating theatres. PMID- 6663065 TI - Hygiene for the newborn--to bath or to wash? AB - Appropriate skin care of newborns is performed partly to prevent infection but also for aesthetic and cleansing purposes. Skin care should involve cleansing with a non-toxic, non-abrasive neutral material. This study compared the relative risks and benefits of washing versus bathing with regard to bacterial colonization rate, clinical infection rate, body temperature and crying. The results confirm our clinical impression that bathing and washing routines do not differ with regard to signs of infection or other clinical complications. However, the washing routine does increase the babies heat loss and make them less comfortable. PMID- 6663067 TI - Diseases with natural foci: basic terms and concepts. PMID- 6663066 TI - Exposure of water consumers to mesophilic actinomycetes. AB - In autumn 1978 an epidemic of respiratory disease resembling allergic alveolitis occurred in a small Finnish community. The disease was caused by repeated exposures to tap water aerosol. The raw water of the community and the sand filters of the purification system were heavily contaminated with mesophilic actinomycetes. Fourteen different strains of actinomycetes were isolated. Exposed persons with and without symptoms as well as unexposed control persons were tested for antibodies against five of these actinomycetes and against Enterobacter agglomerans. Both the exposed and the control persons had antibodies to actinomycetes but the exposed persons had antibodies against more actinomycete strains than the control persons. Precipitating antibodies against E. agglomerans were also found in control persons as well as in patients. There was a significant difference between the patients and the exposed healthy persons in bacterial agglutination tests with flagellar antigen of one E. agglomerans strain. However, the role of mesophilic actinomycetes and E. agglomerans in the aetiology of the disease could not be firmly established. PMID- 6663068 TI - World Health Organization's programme on the prevention of blindness. AB - The WHO Programme for the Prevention of Blindness was established in 1978, reflecting the need for action against the burden of avoidable blindness, which constitutes an increasingly serious socioeconomic problem in many countries. A vast majority of the world's blind live in developing countries, where unoperated cataract, trachoma, xerophthalmia and onchocerciasis are the main causes of visual loss. Thus, more than two-thirds of blindness encountered in such areas is either preventable or curable. The objectives of the WHO Programme for the Prevention of Blindness are to reduce the amount of avoidable blindness in developing countries, and to make essential eye care available to all. In order to achieve this, blindness prevention must form part of primary health care, which is the basic strategy of the World Health Organization to attain the overall goal of "Health for All by the Year 2000". Emphasis is placed on the establishment of national programmes for the prevention of blindness, geared to local needs and resources. This implies a need for a careful programming process, in relation to the general provision of health services. PMID- 6663069 TI - Brain maldevelopment and delayed neuro-behavioural deviations, induced by perinatal insults, and possibilities of their prevention. AB - Noxious insults interfering perinatally lead to disorganization of normal perinatal brain development characterized by growth acceleration and intensive histogenesis and known as a sensitive "vulnerable" period of CNS development. Thus induced abnormities, sometimes very discrete, give rise to functional pathology which becomes apparent gradually during maturation as neurobehavioural deviations. For the study of these pathogenetic processes, two experimental models were established. Rat was chosen as an advantageous model animal since the "brain growth spurt" occurring in man in the third trimester of gravidity is shifted postnatally in this altricial species. Prolonged neonatal malnutrition (days 1-40) lead in adult rats to behavioural abnormities (hyperactivity, stereotypy, decreased adaptability, aggressivity) associated with biochemical and electrophysiological alterations in the brain. But this multifactorial and long term insult was not suitable for more precise analysis. Therefore short-term inhibition of protein synthesis was induced in 7-day-old rats by cycloheximide which resulted in delayed behavioural deviations (hyperactivity, decreased habituation, learning deficit, motor incoordination) connected with permanent morphological, biochemical and endocrinological alterations. These models were used for testing brain maldevelopment-regulatory action of nootropics. Pyritinol administered for 7-10 days following the noxious intervention prevented the brain maldevelopment and functional disturbances in both experimental models. Favourable effects of early and long-term pyritinol treatment on neuro-psycho pathological sequels of perinatal distress were confirmed in clinical controlled prospective study of 128 high-risk newborns. PMID- 6663070 TI - The effect of CdCl2 on the respiration of rat small intestine mucosa. AB - Process of oxygen consumption of rat small intestine have already been studied at the level of whole intestinal wall or mucosa only by means of manometric or polarographic methods. The influence of cadmium on mucosal respiration of three sections of rat small intestine was determined because of its toxicological importance. Oxygen consumption was measured polarographically with Clark electrode at 38 degrees C in Krebs Ringer phosphate medium with 0.011 mol/l glucose. Control as well as cadmium affected respiration values were measured one after the other on the same mucosa. High cadmium concentration (applied as CdCl2) that is 2.2 and 1.4 . 10(-2) mol/l significantly inhibited the respiration in duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Observed inhibition of 80 and 50% on the average approximately for these two concentrations was related (similarly as following effects) to 100% value of control respiration. Concentrations 7.8 and 4.5. 10(-3) mol/l caused mostly lower inhibition of oxygen consumption (with the exception of significant 53% inhibition of jejunal respiration for 7.8. 10(-3) mol/l CdCl2). Low concentrations 10(-4) - 10(-6) mol/l CdCl2 had either no effect or stimulated oxygen uptake in intestinal mucosa. In older rats (weight 300-350 g) the respiration of duodenal and jejunal mucosa was inhibited with cadmium chloride concentration of 10(-6) mol/l. PMID- 6663071 TI - Immuno-biochemical findings in groups of individuals occupationally and non occupationally exposed to emissions containing nickel and cobalt. AB - Immune reactions elicited in the sera of individuals exposed to nickel and cobalt were assessed by changes in the concentration of serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM and serum proteins alpha 2 macroglobulin (A2M), transferrin (TRF), alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), ceruloplasmin (CPL) and lysozyme (LYS). Examinations were carried out in workers occupationally exposed to Ni (38 individuals) or Co (35 individuals) and in groups of non-occupationally exposed children living in areas with a different degree of air pollution from a nearby source of Ni and Co emissions (one group was made up of 54 exposed children, the other one of 64 "less exposed" children of the same age). Groups of non-exposed controls were represented by a group of 42 male adults matched by age and by a group of 48 children from a non-polluted area. Significantly increased average values were obtained for IgG, IgA and IgM in group of workers exposed to Ni, for IgA in workers exposed to Co and for A1AT, A2M, CPL and LYS in both groups of occupationally exposed adults (p less than 0.001 - p less than 0.005). Among non occupationally exposed children the group of the most exposed had significantly elevated average values for A2M and A1AT which were higher than those recorded in groups of "less exposed" and control children (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.05, respectively). The biomedical importance of these findings is discussed in detail. PMID- 6663072 TI - Adjuvant activity of muramyldipeptide in a guinea pig model of contact allergy to chromium. AB - New chemical agents encountered increasingly in the human environment underline the urgent need for a routine testing of their sensitizing potential for man and the development of a suitable experimental model appears to be essential for a reliable assessment of this potential. In our present experiment we studied a guinea pig model of contact hypersensitivity to chromium using as immunoadjuvants Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) emulsified with muramyldipeptide. The study showed that the use of adjuvants was essential for inducing the state of hypersensitivity in experimental animals. It was also demonstrated that muramyldipeptide was not only a fully potent substitute for FCA, but was even superior to it in all the parameters tested. The optimal time interval for demonstrating the induced hypersensitivity to chromium was the third week after the onset of sensitization. This animal model appears to be well suited for the experimental testing of contact allergen potentials. PMID- 6663073 TI - Hygienic and toxicological aspects of occupational and environmental exposure to beryllium. AB - As the production of missile, nuclear devices and electronics grew and modern industrial technologies emerged the risk of the occupational exposure to beryllium has become increasingly common and widespread. The environmental burden of beryllium is also on the increase, not only as a result of emissions from plants producing and processing beryllium, or its alloys and compounds, but also from burning coal of higher beryllium content in some localities. This article discusses primarily the hygienic and toxicologic aspects of beryllium and its threat to human health. The following topics are included in this review: occurrence, production and uses of beryllium; its metabolism and experimental toxicology; clinical toxicology and pathogenesis of berylliosis; hygienic and epidemiologic aspects of berylliosis; berylliosis treatment and prevention. Berylliosis is here characterized as a disease combining clinical manifestations of pneumosclerosis, allergy to beryllium and, in its granulomatous form, autoimmune reactions. Importantly, the available technical means and measures can ensure that the both occupational and environmental exposure to beryllium can be kept below the established MAC values. If occasionally impossible, special preventive measures should be adopted. It is essential that all persons with allergy be prophylactically excluded from work at risk of exposure to beryllium. PMID- 6663074 TI - Search for optimal scheme for administering live allantoic influenza vaccine. AB - The effect of vaccine dilution and composition on indices of vaccination activity was studied in a live allantoic influenza vaccine administered intranasally to adults. The vaccine was shown to be usable in a 1:1 (instead of 1:5) dilution without risk of its reactogenicity rising. An inhibition of component A(H3N2) was observed in a bivalent vaccine obtained by combining directly before use two monovalent vaccines, A(H1N1) and A(H3N2). The conclusions and recommendations based on the results of the present study have practical implications in influenza control. PMID- 6663075 TI - Chlamydiosis in cattle and in man: an epidemiologic and serologic study. AB - In the Pardubice area, the systematic examinations for Chlamydia-specific antibodies in cattle were started in 1967. In the years 1967-1978 the detectable levels of antibody to Chlamydia were demonstrated in 16.1% of 38,394 sera from cattle and in 18.6% of 5,244 sera from slinking cows. In the year 1979 the percentage of seropositivity in cattle increased significantly to 23.5% of the 4,197 sera examined. Examinations in 1980 revealed that 23.1% of 4,042 sera from cattle, 34.4% of 319 sera from slinking cows and 17.9% of 209 sera from calves were found antibody positive. Over the period from 1974 to 1978 isolates of Chlamydia organisms were obtained from 11.7% of 452 bovine slinks and from 10% of 271 dead or prematurely slaughtered calves. In the years 1979-1981 a total of 775 individuals were subjected to medical and serological examinations for Chlamydia infection using the BIOVETA group antigen. The first group of examinees included 307 farm personnel, attendants to healthy breeds of cattle. Detectable levels of antibody to Chlamydia were recorded in 1.3% of clinically healthy individuals and in 12% of the 75 healthy, randomly selected cows taken care of by this group of personnel. The second group included 280 individuals who were in charge of slinking cows or calves with chlamydial pneumonia, or who were employed in a rendering plant. A total of 7.5% of antibody-positive individuals was found in this group of examinees. Of the 439 calves attended 17.9% had serologic evidence of infection and the 30 dead calves examined were isolate-positive: sera from 176 slinking cows showed positivity in 23.8% of cases. In the third group of 188 persons serving as controls 5.3% had serologic evidence of chlamydial infection. The statistical analysis of deviations from the Gaussian variance normal curve showed neither sex-related nor inter-group differences. At the time of serologic examinations of humans the epidemiologic situation in the given area was extremely favorable. The importance of a close cooperation between the public health and veterinary service personnel (notification of abortions in cattle) and the need of a due attention of gynecologists, dermatologists and urologists are emphasized. PMID- 6663076 TI - Giardiasis and ABO blood groups. AB - The relationship between giardiasis and ABO blood groups was studied in a group of 136 children from Eastern Slovakia, with a special attention to ethnic specifics of gipsy children. The study showed no statistically significant differences in the distribution of ABO blood groups between the subgroup of Giardia-infected gipsy children and the gipsy population minority living in the area. On the other hand, the ABO distribution pattern in subgroup of non-gipsy children infected with Giardia intestinalis was found to differ from that in the general non-gipsy Eastern Slovakian population by the absence of blood group AB among children with giardiasis. There was indicated a tendency towards an increased frequency of blood group B in subgroup of Giardia-infected gipsy children and towards group A in subgroup of nongipsy children with giardiasis, but the differences were not statistically significant. PMID- 6663077 TI - A new semidefined nutrient medium for bacterial susceptibility testing. AB - A new semidefined nutrient medium for testing of bacterial resistance against chemotherapeutics is described. Nutrients, poor in antagonists, vitamins and ions are balanced. Full effectiveness in view of sensitivity and expression of bacterial resistance mechanisms of all chemotherapeutics tested is guaranteed. The nutrient medium, known under the trade name "Kulturmedium L4 zur Resistenzbestimmung" is comparable with the new recommended international media for this purpose. Beyond it the nutrient medium is useful for genetical investigations and combined with a diagnostic system for selecting different bacteria contained especially resistance properties. PMID- 6663078 TI - Polymorphism of the complement component C6 in Japanese. AB - Genetic polymorphism of human C6 was investigated in Japanese using isoelectric focusing and a specific haemolytic overlay method. Three common and six rare allotypes were identified. Five of these nine allotypes were reference-typed by the International Reference Laboratory. Five of the six rare allotypes were considered to be new. The allele frequencies were estimated in the population study as follows: C6 A 0.427, C6 B 0.483, C6 B2 0.076, and the rare alleles (A3, A21, M1, M2, B3, and B4) 0.014. Inheritance of the three common and the two rare (A3 and M1) allotypes was demonstrated in the family study. The patterns obtained by the pretreatment with neuraminidase are presented. PMID- 6663080 TI - Imported infections. PMID- 6663081 TI - Antibiotic therapy of experimental airborne Legionnaires' disease. AB - The efficacy of erythromycin, gentamicin and rifampicin has been compared in the treatment of experimental airborne Legionnaires' disease in guinea-pigs. Evaluation was based on survival of animals after 1LD50 or 10LD50 infection, on numbers of Legionella pneumophila in the lungs and on the extent of histopathological lesions. All three drugs were effective in increasing survival in 1LD50 infections, but only rifampicin gave any protection against 10LD50 infection. Rifampicin was the most effective agent in eliminating viable L. pneumophila from the lungs and also in preventing pulmonary lesions. PMID- 6663079 TI - Characterization of an antigen present on testicular cells and preimplantation embryos whose expression is modified by the t12 haplotype. AB - In attempts to identify cell surface molecules specified by lethal genes in the T/t-complex, we prepared a rabbit antiserum that has cytotoxic activity against testicular cells from males heterozygous for t12, but not against wild type cells. However, anti-t12 serum immunoprecipitates the same major component, a glycoprotein of mol. wt. 87,000 daltons, from galactose-labelled C3H. +/t12 testicular cell lysate and from congenic C3H. +/+ lysate, although the gp87 molecule precipitated from +/t12 cells appears to be more highly galactosylated than the +/+ form. The antigen is heavily glycosylated in both genotypes, since when testicular cells are treated with tunicamycin before immunoprecipitation, a protein of 40,000-42,000 daltons is obtained. Gp87 is also present on pre implantation embryos, and on teratocarcinoma cells, but is barely detectable on any adult somatic cells examined. Its expression is developmentally regulated during pre-implantation stages, but the temporal pattern of its expression appears to be different between wild type and t12 embryos. Thus, we believe we have identified a molecule that may play a role in the differentiation of testicular cells and pre-implantation embryos, and that is either specified by genes in the t12 haplotype, or responsive in some way to the effects of t12. PMID- 6663082 TI - Hepatitis B virus infection: mortality, morbidity and the cost to the health service in Scotland. AB - This study assessed the size and character of hepatitis B virus infection in Scotland in 1980 by looking at laboratory reports, registration of deaths and hospital discharges. Less than half the laboratory reports of hepatitis B virus infection were associated with hepatic disorder and the overall attack rate in Scotland in 1980 was 2.8 per 100 000. The case fatality for active infection was 2.1 per cent. Most clinical cases were admitted to hospital and their mean duration of stay was 12.9 days. The cost of hospital treatment of hepatitis B virus infection in Scotland was considerably less than the equivalent cost in Europe, probably as a result of the lower cost of treatment and a lower attack rate in Scotland. PMID- 6663084 TI - Systemic disease caused by pneumococci. AB - The type distribution of pneumococci isolated from 462 patients was determined. In this survey type 1 strains were the most numerous but type 14 and type 18 caused the most infections in children under five years of age. The most common infections were pneumonia, meningitis or septicaemia. Possible pre-disposing causes included a history of heavy drinking, head injury, bronchitis or other chest infection, heart disease, liver disease, malignancy, viral infection or abnormality of the spleen. PMID- 6663083 TI - A study of respiratory infections in the elderly to assess the role of respiratory syncytial virus. AB - A prospective study was performed from 1 December 1981 to 31 May 1982 in two departments of geriatric medicine in Edinburgh. This yielded 159 cases of acute respiratory tract infection (RTI). Twelve of these were undoubtedly associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 14 with influenza A and 18 with influenza B (as established in each case by a fourfold or greater increase in antibody titre). Eighty-five of the 159 patients with RTI and RSV titres of 32 or greater. Their significance is discussed. The undoubted RSV infections all involved the lower respiratory tract and were associated with prolonged illness. This epidemic of RSV infection was confined to one of the two hospitals. It lasted less than four weeks and was probably hospital-acquired. PMID- 6663085 TI - Nosocomial infections by chlorhexidine solution contaminated with Pseudomonas pickettii (Biovar VA-I). AB - Over a period of 10 days, six patients in a cardiac intensive care unit developed Pseudomonas pickettii (biovar VA-I) septicaemia after installation of a venous catheter. The organism was also recovered from all the vials of the aqueous solution of 0.05 per cent chlorhexidine ('Hibitane') prepared with contaminated bidistilled water. There were no further cases of infection when the use of this water was prohibited. PMID- 6663086 TI - Infective endocarditis due to Yersinia enterocolitica. PMID- 6663087 TI - Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) complicating acute leukaemia. PMID- 6663088 TI - Meningitis caused by a Flavobacterium-like organism (CDCIIe strain) PMID- 6663090 TI - Medical care in China today. PMID- 6663089 TI - Pseudomonas putrefaciens meningitis. PMID- 6663091 TI - Bilateral oophorectomy in early pregnancy. PMID- 6663092 TI - Macular degeneration associated with aging. PMID- 6663093 TI - Financial planners: buzz work or reality? (Part II). PMID- 6663094 TI - Acyclovir. PMID- 6663095 TI - Liver function tests and electrophoretic pattern of serum protein in intestinal amoebiasis. PMID- 6663096 TI - Duration of the development stages of house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus under controlled temperatures and relative humidities to pave the way in front of the workers in the field of house-dust mite bronchial asthma. 1. Pre-imaginal period. PMID- 6663097 TI - The effects of population density on the reproductive capacity of Bulinus truncatus from Assiut, Egypt. PMID- 6663098 TI - The effect of photoperiod on diapause induction in Aedes caspius Pallas (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 6663099 TI - Cytochemistry of glycogen distribution in the spermatozoa of the tick Hyalomma dromedarii. PMID- 6663100 TI - A study of the rectal snip transparency and Kato techniques in diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis. PMID- 6663101 TI - Some observations on the experimental infection of white mice with Toxocara canis. PMID- 6663102 TI - Incidence, clinical picture and treatment of giardiasis in childhood. PMID- 6663103 TI - Helminth fauna of rats from Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. PMID- 6663104 TI - Concomitant infection with filariasis and schistosomiasis in an endemic area in Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt. PMID- 6663105 TI - Dactylogyrus aegyptiacus n.sp. (monogenetic Trematode: Dactylogyridae); a gill parasite of a atherinid fish from the Red Sea. PMID- 6663106 TI - Toxoplasmosis among people at risk of exposure to infection using indirect haemagglutination test. PMID- 6663107 TI - Some epidemiological studies on Ancylostoma duodenale infection. PMID- 6663108 TI - Haematological changes in Ardeola ibis ibis (heron) naturally infected with Nephrostomum ranosum and Apharyngostrigea ibis. PMID- 6663109 TI - Distinguishing Helisoma (Seminolina) duryi from Biomphalaria alexandrina in Egypt. PMID- 6663110 TI - The influence of host age on the survival and frequency of feeding of adults Xenopsylla cheopis. PMID- 6663111 TI - Histochemical studies of alkaline phosphatase in different hamster tissues with Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 6663112 TI - The incidence of human hydatidosis in Mosul, Iraq. PMID- 6663113 TI - Hydatid disease of the maxilla (a case report). PMID- 6663114 TI - Prepatency of Schistosoma haematobium in snails at different constant temperatures. PMID- 6663115 TI - Laboratory and field evaluation of synthetic pyrethroid decamethrin in controlling mosquito larvae. PMID- 6663116 TI - The role of food additives in the control of some parasites contaminating vegetables. PMID- 6663117 TI - Human aural myiasis in Cairo. PMID- 6663118 TI - Canine reservoir for visceral leishmaniasis in El-Agamy (Alexandria), Egypt. PMID- 6663119 TI - Duration of the developmental stages of house-dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus under controlled conditions, to pave the way in front of the workers in the field of house-dust mite asthmatic bronchitis. 2--Oviposition period, fecundity and oval duration. PMID- 6663120 TI - Duration of the developmental stages of house dust mites D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus under controlled conditions to pave the way in front of the workers in the field of house-dust mite asthmatic bronchitis. 3--Larval duration. PMID- 6663121 TI - The effect of praziquantel therapy on the histopathological and parasitological aspects of experimental schistosomiasis mansoni. PMID- 6663122 TI - Praziquantil in treatment of heterophyiasis (a preliminary study) PMID- 6663123 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at the 56th annual meeting of the Japanese Biochemical Society]. PMID- 6663124 TI - [Therapeutic gain factor of hyperthermia]. AB - We studied the radiosensitizing effects and therapeutic gain factor (TGF) of hyperthermia, in vivo, using the squamous cell carcinoma of the mouse. Radiation exposures of 2,000 rads X-ray were combined with 42 degrees C, 43 degrees C and 44 degrees C heating, simultaneously or separately 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours before or after the radiation exposures. Radiation effects were measured with regrowth delay of the tumor and the Denekamp scoring system was used for the skin reaction. The results showed that the radiosensitizing effect of hyperthermia is strongest when heat is applied simultaneously with radiation. But in that case we cannot get a TGF over 1, which means no therapeutic advantages are 42 degrees C of heat applied 6 hours after radiation exposure or 43 degrees C of heat applied 4-hours after the exposure. PMID- 6663125 TI - [Sinusoidal pattern of the fetal heart rate evaluated by tentative criteria]. AB - The sinusoidal pattern of fetal heart rate was studied with tentative criteria as follows: 1) oscillation frequency of 6cpm or less, 2) amplitude of 10bpm or more, 3) duration of 10 minutes or more, 4) uniform frequency and amplitude, 5) decreased amplitude of accompanying minor variabilities. 7 cases of sinusoidal pattern showed frequency of 2.22 to 5.17cpm and, amplitude of 6.40 to 17.76bpm. In 6 cases, coefficients of variation of frequency and amplitude were both less than 30%. In 2 cases, the sinusoidal pattern appeared at birth, and fetal outcome was normal. Five cases of the pattern observed during pregnancy showed unfavourable courses including stillbirth in 1 case, neonatal death in 1, and fetal distress in 3. The relation between mean amplitude (x) and mean frequency (y) in each cases was represented by following equations: y=4.70-0.14x and r= 0.56. The sinusoidal pattern was also recorded in the heart rate record of an hypoxic immature neonatal infant. PMID- 6663126 TI - [Significance of serum immunosuppressive substance (IS) levels in the field of gyneco-obstetrics]. AB - To investigate the immune responses of patients with cancer, we assayed a newly found immunosuppressive substance (IS) by the single radial immunodiffusion method. This substance is extracted from ascites of colon cancer. The IS average level in 46 healthy women was 555.4 +/- 112.1 micrograms/ml. The normal upper limit should be 800 micrograms/ml. Seventy cases with uterine cervical cancer had a significantly higher IS level (667.0 +/- 189.8 micrograms/ml) than healthy women (t=3.57, p less than 0.001), especially in Stages III & IV. All 28 patients except one with recurrent cancer showed an IS level higher than 800 micrograms/ml. (1431.7 +/- 480. 9 micrograms/ml). Before recurrence was found clinically, the IS level became higher. In ovarian tumors, assay of the IS level yielded an interesting result: In 16 cases with benign tumors the level was 568.8 +/- 109.7 micrograms/ml. On the other hand, nine patients with ovarian cancer had levels over 800 micrograms/ml. These data suggest that the assay of IS substance may be useful for the staging of uterine cervical cancer, early detection of the recurrence, differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian tumors and so on. PMID- 6663127 TI - [Aging and delta 4-androstenedione and testosterone production in the ovary]. AB - To elucidate the change in delta r-androstenedione (delta 4-A) and testosterone (T) productions in the ovary before and after menopause, serum delta 4-A and T levels in the ovarian vein and artery and the peripheral vein were measured by a RIA in premenopausal (35 to 45yrs. and 46 to 50yrs. groups) and postmenopausal patients (51 to 65yrs.) with early stage uterine cancer. Serum delta 4-A and T levels in the peripheral vein after bilateral oophorectomy were also measured and the following results were obtained. In the ovarian vein, the delta 4-A level of the postmenopausal group decreased to about 25% of the premenopausal levels. In the ovarian artery and peripheral vein, the delta 4-A level of the postmenopausal group decreased respectively to about 55% and 60% of the premenopausal levels. However, the T levels before and after the menopause scarcely changed. From 2 to 30 days after bilateral oophorectomy, the delta 4-A levels were 13.3% of the preoperative levels in 3 premenopausal women, but the delta 4-A levels were 67.7% in 1 postmenopausal woman. The T levels were 62.2% and 66.4% respectively. These data suggest that delta 4-A production in the ovary decreases markedly after menopause, but T production is fully maintained. PMID- 6663128 TI - [Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) in the peripheral blood of patients with gynecological malignancies]. AB - Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) containing almost all natural killer (NK) and killer (K) cells were studied in the peripheral blood of patients with gynecological malignancies. The results obtained were as follows: The ratio of LGL/peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in normal volunteers was almost the same as that in patients with benign gynecological tumors, showing a tendency to increase, though not significantly, with age. The ratio of patients with precancerous disease or preinvasive cancer, including severe dysplasia, CIS and endometrial atypical hyperplasia, decreased more slightly than that of controls. On the other hand, that of patients with invasive malignant tumors, including uterine cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine sarcoma, ovarian cancer and vulval cancer, increased significantly more than that of controls. The ratio showed no significant variation due to the difference in tumor sites and clinical stages Ia to III of cervical cancer. Out of 8 patients with ovarian cancer, 6 showed an extraordinarily high LGL/PBL ratio. It is concluded from the present study that the increase in the LGL/PBL ratio may be used as a new criterion in diagnosing invasive malignancies, including ovarian cancer, although the significance of the changing ratio still remains to be clarified. PMID- 6663130 TI - [Experimental studies on radiosensitization of hypoxic cancer cells]. AB - Misonidazole was histologically evaluated as a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer to a transplantable human cervical cancer in nude mice (Yumoto Strain). Acute exposure of X-ray (Lineac, a 1,000 rad dose) was applied to the cervical cancer. Tumor Volume (T.V. growth curve). Radiation alone induced an 8-10 day growth delay, but radiation therapy with Misonidazole induced a 10-12 day growth delay. Tumor Cord (T.C.). This idea originated with Thomlinson and Gray. They found that the radius of a tumor cord was always same. On the radiation therapy with Misonidazole, the tumor cords decreased faster than with radiation therapy alone. Tumor cellular Density (T.D.). This is the cell population per unit of area. We separated the tumor cords with two blocks, one near and one far from the blood vessel. T.D. decreased faster in the case of radiation with Misonidazole, and on the far square, radiation effectiveness was more obvious than on the near one. In addition, a histological examination proved that the Misonidazole affected hypoxic elements of the tumor, and this finding was proved in 48 hours after radiation. But aerobic elements of the tumor survived and were slightly changed histologically. In conclusion, Misonidazole proved to be an effective hypoxic cell sensitizer for human cervical cancer in radiation therapy. PMID- 6663129 TI - [Effects of a beta 2-stimulant, ritodrine hydrochloride, on the fetuses and dams in the late stage of pregnancy: an experimental study using rabbits]. AB - Ritodrine hydrochloride (ritodrine) is a beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist and has been effectively prescribed for the prevention of premature labor. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of ritodrine on uterine motility, cardiovascular system, fetal heart rate and placental blood flow in late pregnant rabbits, in comparison with the effects of isoproterenol and isoxsuprine. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of ritodrine on the damage to utero placental circulation evoked by drugs. Ritodrine (10-1,000 micrograms/kg) suppressed the spontaneous motility of pregnant rabbit uterus (27-29th days of gestation) in a dose-dependent manner. Maternal blood pressure and heart rate were little affected by ritodrine. Isoxsuprine induced hypotension and isoproterenol increased the heart rate. Ritodrine and isoproterenol had little effect on the fetal heart rate. On the other hand, isoxsuprine induced marked fetal bradycardia. Ritodrine, isoxsuprine and isoproterenol showed a tendency to decrease the placental blood flow. Isoxsuprine was more potent than the other two drugs and needed a long time for restoration. Ritodrine restored the changes in placental blood flow or fetal heart rate evoked by drugs. These results suggest that ritodrine effectively suppresses uterine motility and has little effect on the maternal land fetal cardiovascular system. PMID- 6663131 TI - [Experimental combination chemotherapy with vincristine and carboquone in human ovarian cancer transplanted into nude mice]. AB - The tumor killing effects of combination chemotherapy with vincristine (VCR) and carboquone (CQ) administrated either simultaneously or sequentially with time intervals of up to 36 hours were studied in serially transplantable human ovarian cancer (JOG-1) in nude mice. Using 3H-thymidine pulse labeling, some tumor cell kinetic parameters were estimated as 13.8 hours for Ts and 42.2 hours of Tc, respectively. The induction of partial synchronization after treating with VCR in vivo was confirmed by estimating both the labeling index and the mitotic index. Sequential treatment with VCR followed by CQ at intervals of 24 hours was the most effective anti-tumor schedule in this treatment system. This sequence of drug administration also resulted in either weight loss nor toxic death of the animals during the schedule. These results indicate that the sequential administration of VCR followed by CQ chemotherapy is strongly recommended for clinical application. PMID- 6663132 TI - Effects of sex steroid hormones on the human endometrial carcinoma transplanted endometrial carcinoma transplanted into nude mice. Estrogen priming aimed at the enhancement of tumor tissue-sensitivity to progesterone. AB - A study aimed at the enhancement of endometrial carcinoma tissue-sensitivity to progesterone by estrogen priming involved the serial transplantation of human moderately-differentiated endometrial carcinoma into nude mice in which estradiol receptors were detectable but progesterone receptors undetectable. Quantitative induction of cytosol progesterone receptors occurred in the groups receiving a small dose of estradiol concomitantly with progesterone but not in the groups receiving estradiol alone and progesterone alone. Ultrastructurally, the effects of progesterone tended to be more conspicuous in these concomitantly treated groups than in the progesterone-treated group in respect of an increase in the number of lysosomes and lipid droplets and appearance of secretory granules and other vesicles. Suppression of tumor growth was evident in the progesterone treated group and in the concomitantly treated groups as compared with the control group, and the effect was somewhat more pronounced in the latter groups. The present data suggest that the administration of a small dose of estradiol concomitantly with progesterone is more effective than that of progesterone alone in gestagen therapy for endometrial carcinoma, when it is assumed that the progesterone effects on endometrial carcinoma are mediated primarily by progesterone receptors. PMID- 6663133 TI - [Conservative treatment of endometriosis]. PMID- 6663134 TI - [Chemotherapy of malignant gynecological tumor--arterial infusion and biological response modifiers(BRM)]. PMID- 6663135 TI - [A new serological diagnostic method for malignant ovarian tumors of germ cell origin. Detection of antibodies to large glycopeptides isolated from F9 cells]. AB - Whether the presence of antibodies in patients sera to large glycopeptides (LGP) isolated from a murine teratocarcinoma cell line (F9) can be useful in diagnosing malignant ovarian tumors of germ cell origin was examined by Farr's assay. We measured the binding ability to LGP by Farr's assay of human sera from 188 patients with various ovarian tumors and 110 normal volunteers. All of the 9 patients with dysgerminoma showed negative results (less than 200 cpm). Except the cases with dysgerminoma, 9 (64%) of the 14 patients with malignant ovarian tumors of germ cell origin were found positive (more than 200 cpm). Of these 9 positive cases, 4 cases with endodermal sinus tumor (EST), 2 cases with immature teratoma, one each with immature teratoma plus EST, choriocarcinoma, and mature solid teratoma were included. In contrast, all of the sera from benign ovarian tumors (111 cases), other malignant ovarian tumors (54 cases) and normal nonpregnant women (110 cases) were found negative. These result indicated that Farr's assay of anti-LGP antibodies in sera is useful in diagnosing ovarian germ cell tumors. PMID- 6663136 TI - [Cytological findings on endometrial carcinoma and endometrial hyperplasia]. AB - The usefulness of endometrial cytology was studied for the purpose of early diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma in 423 patients. In the cytological examination, 15 patients were either "suspicious" or "positive". Histological findings revealed adenomatous hyperplasia in 6, atypical hyperplasia in 3 and endometrial carcinoma in 3 patients. All of these patients with positive histological findings had "suspicious" or "positive" in cytological examination. None had false negative. "Suspicious" or "positive" endometrial cytology was delineated in histologically positive lesions including endometrial carcinoma, atypical hyperplasia and adenomatous hyperplasia. Many cells with various acinous patterns were observed in patients with diseases more serious than atypical hyperplasia. The nuclei became larger and irregular in proportion to the progression of the lesion, though hypercytochromia of the nuclear chromatin was most marked in patients with adenomatous hyperplasia. There was a significant difference in the number of nucleoli between cells of adenomatous hyperplasia and those of atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. Also, there was an apparent difference in the size and irregularity of the nucleoli between atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. Phagocytosis of white blood cells was frequently observed in patients with endometrial carcinoma. Therefore, it is believed that endometrial cytology is useful not only in screening endometrial carcinoma and related diseases but also to some degree in the estimated diagnosis of these lesions. PMID- 6663137 TI - [Comparative ultrastructural study of freeze-etch replicas and thin sections of early human placenta]. AB - Freeze-fracture replication was applied as a preparatory technique in the electron microscopic study of early human placenta. 6 placentas from 6 weeks to 11 weeks of pregnancy were studied in comparison with those prepared by the conventional thin section method. With the use of this technique, membranes were split by fracturing, disclosing two new fracture faces from the interior of the membranes and these new fracture faces are covered by numerous small particles on the smooth layer. Moreover, shadowing by Pt with a 45 degrees shadowing angle yielded a tridimentional image of organelles, such as the nucleus, secretion granules and others. Photographs of the freeze-fracture replication method were presented and discussion also referred to conventional TEM pictures of early human placenta. PMID- 6663138 TI - [Classification of human oocyte maturity]. AB - Maturity of human oocytes was classified into five grades according to the appearance of the oocyte and the cumulus oophorus (Grade I-V). The relation between this "Grade" of oocyte and the state of fertilization was investigated and the following results were obtained. The proportion of fertilized eggs cleaving in vitro was higher when oocytes graded I or II were collected than when oocytes graded III, IV or V were obtained (76% vs. 22%). When oocytes were aspirated from preovulatory follicles 26 hours after the onset of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge 64% of them were Grade I or II. When oocytes were collected 36 hours after an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), 88% of them were Grade I or II. Therefore it seems that the times chosen for oocyte recovery were appropriate. There was no correlation between the "Grade" of oocyte and follicle diameter or volume of follicle fluid. PMID- 6663139 TI - [Effects of Hachimijiogan on hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular system]. AB - Effects of Kampo (Chinese) drugs on hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal system were investigated in immature male rats of Holtzman strain. Hachimijiogan(H), its components and Ninjin(N) were administered orally to the animals for 28 days, and the weight of the various organs, pituitary content of FSH, LH and PRL, and serum concentration of FSH, LH, PRL and testosterone were measured. H caused a significant increase in the weight of seminal vesicles while H, Sanyaku(S) and N caused a significant increase in the weight of the prostate, respectively. The pituitary content of FSH was significantly increased by H and S, respectively, while the testosterone concentration was significantly decreased by Jio, S and N, respectively. No increase in the weight of the prostate or seminal vesicles followed the administration of H, S and N to orchiectomied immature rats. This result clearly shows that these three drugs have no androgenic activity. After the administration of H to immature male rats, the character of dihydrotestosterone(DHT) receptor was studied by the DCC method. The number of binding sites of DHT receptor was significantly increased by 32% (p less than 0.001) by H. These results demonstrate that H has a stimulatory effect on androgen target organs through the increase in androgen receptor in these organs. PMID- 6663140 TI - [Thyroxine deiodination in the fetus]. AB - T4 deiodination has been studied using the fetal liver and kidney of miniature goats during late pregnancy. They were homogenized in 0.15M phosphate buffer, pH7.4 to make 25% homogenate which was incubated with outer ring labeled 125I-T4, 125I-rT3 or inner ring labeled 125I-T4 at 37 degrees C for 15, 30, 60, 90 or 120 min. either with or without 20mM DTT. After incubation they were extracted in ethanol and subjected to TLC to separate 125I-compounds. The radioactivity of each compound was measured and its production rate was expressed as a percentage of total radioactivity of the extract. The activity of deiodination in the outer ring of T4 in fetal liver was similar to that observed in the mother's . Fetal kidney showed a markedly increased activity in deiodination in the inner ring compared to that of all the other tissues studied. In contrast it showed the lowest deiodination in the outer ring. The addition of 20mM DTT had little effect on T4 deiodination in fetal organs. These data indicate a significant difference between T4 deiodinating activity in the liver and kidney of the fetus. It is felt that the kidney plays a more important role in T4 deiodination than the liver during fetal life. PMID- 6663141 TI - [Estimation of gestational age with ultrasonographic measurement of the fetus in each trimester]. AB - The method of estimating gestational age (GA) was studied in each trimester. CRL, BPD and FFL were selected as the parameters of ultrasonic B-mode measurement, and each standard curve was recorded. The less erroneous range on each parameter was decided. The range of CRL was from 20 to 80mm, that of BPD from 20 to 70 mm and that of FFL from 20 to 55mm. Within these ranges, GA estimated by CRL showed 2.9 days difference on average compared to the GA determined by LMP, compared with BPD 4.6 days and with FFL 4.9 days. CRL was the most accurate, but that with BPD or FFL could be useful in the 2nd trimester. Since the difference in the growth of each fetus would become apparent in late stage, the ranges of GA for each measured value of BPD or FFL were determined in the 3rd trimester by the mean +/- 3/2 SD for GA determined by CRL. Since 67 to 100% of the studied cases were included in the ranges of GA, the estimation will be useful in the 3rd trimester. FFL is more useful than BPD in the 3rd trimester, and it is also utilized in cases where BPD measurement is not possible due to fetal head descent. PMID- 6663142 TI - [Effects of maltose infusion on amino acid composition of maternal venous blood and fetal blood in utero]. AB - A study was made of the possibility that the maltose infusion, which had good clinical results against intrauterine growth retardation, can change the amino acid composition in maternal and, or fetal blood. We have done a comparative study with maltose-infusion and non-infusion groups in spontaneous delivery. Amino acid, maltose, glucose, glutamine dehydrogenase (GLDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) and blood urea nitrogen were analyzed in maternal venous (MV), umbilical venous (UV) and umbilical arterial blood (UA). The following results were obtained: Blood glucose were significantly higher in MV and UV in the infusion group. Maltose had a significant correlation only between UV and UA. Glucose and maltose had no significant correlation. Valine, tyrosine and ethanolamine were significantly lower in MV with infusion. Aspartic acid in UA was significantly lower with infusion. Phenylalanine in UV had a significant correlation (r = -0.58) with the maltose level. Activities of GLDH, ICDH, GGTP and BUN did not change significantly following maltose infusion. These results suggest that clinical efficiency of maltose infusion can be based not only in the increased supply of glucose but also the efficient use of transported amino acid in the fetus. PMID- 6663143 TI - [Effects of indomethacin on renal and uterine blood flow and pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II or norepinephrine in pregnant dogs]. AB - Pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II (A II) or norepinephrine (NE) in anesthetized nonpregnant and pregnant dogs, and the changes in renal blood flow (RBF) and uterine blood flow (UBF) elicited by the pressure rise in pregnant dogs were studied. Intervention of prostaglandins (PGs) in these hemodynamic responses was also examined, comparing the responses before and after the administration of indomethacin (IDM). The pressor responsiveness to the pressor substances was diminished in near term pregnant dogs in common with normal human pregnancy, and the refractoriness disappeared after the administration of IDM. RBF decreased following the infusion of A II or NE, and IDM enhanced the responses. A characteristic increase in UBF was observed following the infusion of A II exhibiting the maximum response at a dose of 0.05 microgram/kg, while it decreased following the infusion of NE, and these responses remained almost unchanged after IDM administration, although there was a 24.2% decrease in the base line value of UBF. It seems appropriate to conclude that PGs play a pivotal role in the development of the relative vascular refractoriness to infused pressor substances characterizing normal pregnancy, and also in preservation of RBF and UBF during pregnancy. Moreover, PGs attenuate the response of the renal vascular bed as well as systemic vascular bed to the pressor substances. However, the refractoriness of uterine vascular bed to A II remained almost unchanged regardless of PGs synthesis, suggesting the existence of another competitive factor involved in the effect of A II. PMID- 6663144 TI - [Studies of maternal hemodynamics during normal pregnancy. Measurement of left ventricular performance and septal wall thickness by echocardiography]. AB - The functional and organic cardiac changes accompanying the increase in circulatory blood volume during pregnancy are still not fully understood. Forty seven women who had normal pregnancy and puerperium were examined by echocardiography from early in pregnancy to the 3rd month of puerperium, and the functional and organic cardiac changes were examined using left ventricular echocardiograms. The following results were obtained. The cardiac output reached the maximum value of 6.31 l/min at the 25th-32nd week of pregnancy, and thereafter gradually decreased, returning to the non-pregnancy value after 1 month of puerperium. The stroke volume and end-diastolic volume increased up to the 25th-32nd week of pregnancy and decreased thereafter. However they again increased on the 5th day of puerperium, showing maximum values of 76.9 ml and 98.0 ml, respectively. The values returned to the non-pregnancy value after 1 month of puerperium. The heart rate reached a maximum of 83.8 bpm after the 33rd week of pregnancy but returned to near the non-pregnancy value on the 5th day of puerperium. The ejection fraction did not change markedly throughout the study period. The cardiac index reached the maximum value of 4.08 l/min/m2 at the 25th 32nd week of pregnancy and returned to near the non-pregnancy value after 1 month of puerperium. The septal wall thickness reached the maximum value of 9.8 mm after the 33rd week of pregnancy. It had not returned to the non-pregnancy valve at the end of the 1st month of puerperium, but was back to the non-pregnancy valve after 3 months of puerperium. PMID- 6663145 TI - [Flow-microfluorometric studies on the effect of misonidazole as a radiosensitizer for human uterine cervical carcinoma transplanted to nude mice]. AB - It is already known that Misonidazole as a radiosensitizer is not so effective with the small doses of radiation that we generally use to treat human uterine cervical carcinoma by fractionated irradiation. Using nude mice in which human uterine cervical carcinoma was transplanted, we examined DNA distribution by Flow Microfluorometry, nuclear area and growth curves with 1,000 rads single dose irradiation, equally fractionated irradiation (250 rads/day for 4 days) and unequally fractionated irradiation (250 rads/day for 4 days, 500 rads for 1 day) after administration of Misonidazole. It was recognized that repopulation was delayed with 1,000 rads single dose irradiation with Misonidazole 1 mg/g.b.w. since a reduction in the rate of increase in G2-M cells and an increase in debris lasted a long time in DNA distribution, and the tumor regrowth time was delayed when compared to the only irradiation group. These changes were not observed with equally fractionated irradiation with Misonidazole 0.25 mg/g.b.w/day administration, but were significantly observed with unequally fractionated irradiation with Misonidazole 1 mg/g.b.w. at 500 rads irradiation where the nuclear area was also reduced. As mentioned above, it can be considered that the clinical effect of Misonidazole can be expected as in the case of unequally fractionated irradiation. PMID- 6663146 TI - [High risk factors in the spread of cervix carcinoma]. AB - The author studied clinicopathological parameters in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma in order to find the useful factors which would enable pretreatment estimation of the cancer spread. The following results were obtained. Histologically characteristic features of the primary lesions in the majority of the patients with Virchow's node metastases were lobular type according to the classification used in our department, L form in CPL classification, slight stromal reaction, large cancer nest, and loose connectivity between the cancer nest and stroma. In addition, they had a high incidence of clinical signs and data such as febrile condition, and increased ESR and CRP value. The percentage of comedo type gradually increased as the cancer spread (23.4%) in primary lesions, 40.5% in pelvic lymph nodes, 73.3% in Virchow's nodes). In the operated cases (stages Ib, IIa and IIb) with pelvic lymph node metastases, histological factors such as comedo type, L form, and loose connectivity, and at least one of the clinical characteristics were found more frequently than in cases without the metastases. In the irradiated cases (stages Ib, IIa and IIb) that died within 5 years, factors such as lobular type, loose connectivity and more than one clinical characteristics were seen more frequently than in cases that survived for more than 5 years. By giving appropriate points to items in the 3 most important histological factors (type, CPL classification and connectivity), grading of each group of cases was made; the high risk groups in both operated and irradiated cases scored significantly higher than the respective control groups. These suggests that some of the above parameters may be useful in evaluating the spread of carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 6663147 TI - Clinicopathologic study of adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - The 22 adenosquamous carcinoma cases were studied clinicopathologically. The tumor provides many difficulties such as: rapid spreading properties, delayed detection as advanced carcinoma because of the presence of endophytic growth, frequent prevalence of vessel permeation, and radioresistance. Adenosquamous carcinoma was categorized histochemically and histomorphologically into two types -adenosquamous carcinoma (AC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, with a comparison being given. As a result, adenosquamous carcinoma (AC) was found inferior to mucoepidermoid carcinoma in radiosensitivity and prognosis, so that categorization into the two types has been considered to be clinically meaningful. PMID- 6663148 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of the vulva associated with pregnancy: clinical, light and electron microscopic observations. AB - A case of primary malignant melanoma of the vulva associated with pregnancy in a 31-year-old patient is reported. The primary tumor was first found at week 14 of pregnancy and biopsied on delivery at week 41 of pregnancy. Microscopically, the depth of invasion was Level V. Radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguino-femoral lymphadenectomy were performed and the right inguinal lymph node was positive for metastatic tumor. Chemoimmunotherapy with DTIC, ACNU, VCR and OK432 was undertaken as treatment for this malignant melanoma. Moreover, a comparison of scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies of the original tumor was carried out. This patient is now living 23 months after diagnosis without clinical evidence of recurrence. PMID- 6663149 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin and its beta-subunit. AB - Using the technique of somatic cell fusion, monoclonal antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and its beta-subunit were produced. Spleen cells from immunized mice were fused with the myeloma line NS-1 using 50% polyethylene glycol and cultured in a selection medium. A sensitive enzyme immunoassay was performed for antibody screening using immobilized solid-phase antigen and anti mouse IgG Fab' (rabbit)-beta-D-galactosidase complex. Three double-cloned hybridomas (named 4H10, 4G2 and 1D12) were obtained. Anti-hCG 4H10 antibody reacted with hCG, the alpha-subunit of hCG (alpha-hCG) and human luteinizing hormone (hLH); and anti-hCG 4G2 antibody reacted with hCG and the beta-subunit of hCG (beta-hCG). It was interesting that anti-beta-hCG 1D12 antibody had the capacity to bind with free beta-hCG but not with intact hCG, which suggests that the 1D12 antibody can recognize a determinant site that is unique to beta-hCG. This unique epitope in beta-hCG might be expressed in or near a part which is hidden in the intact hCG molecule which is composed of alpha- and beta-subunits. PMID- 6663150 TI - Concentrations of a new antitumor agent, 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil in serum and gynecologic tumor tissue. AB - The concentrations of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU), were determined in sera and in tissues of patients with gynecologic cancers. In patients who received a single administration of 600 mg of HCFU, the concentrations of 5FU in tissues were higher than 0.05 microgram/g, which has been appreciated as a sufficiently effective concentration to act on cancer cells. The concentration of 5FU in tissues ranged from one-fifth to one-tenth of those in sera. In patients who received daily administrations of 600 mg of HCFU for more than 28 days, the concentrations of 5FU in tissues were about 0.05 microgram/g, while serum concentrations were lower than 0.02 microgram/ml. The concentrations of 5FU in tissues of patients who received daily administrations of 600 mg of HCFU for more than 28 days and a single additional administration of 200 mg of HCFU were the same as those in patients who received a single administration of 600 mg of HCFU immediately before the determinations. In patients who received 400 mg of HCFU per day divided into 4 doses, the concentrations of 5FU in tissue might be higher than 0.05 microgram/g, based on the concentrations in sera. HCFU might be effective against gynecologic cancers when used in maintenance therapy at a lower dosage (300--400 mg) than previously estimated. PMID- 6663151 TI - [Monoclonal antibody against term-placental alkaline phosphatase]. PMID- 6663152 TI - [Image diagnosis in obstetrical diseases]. PMID- 6663153 TI - [Image diagnosis in obstetrical diseases]. PMID- 6663154 TI - [Image diagnosis in gynecologic diseases, with special reference to malignant uterine neoplasms]. PMID- 6663155 TI - [Anemia in pregnancy, with special reference to blood viscosity in pregnancy]. PMID- 6663156 TI - [The 56th annual meeting of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Kyoto, April 11 through 13, 1983. Abstracts]. PMID- 6663157 TI - [Simple bone cyst--pathophysiology and treatment]. AB - Internal pressure of simple bone cyst was slightly higher than normal bone marrow pressure measured on contralateral side. Internal pressure of the cyst measured during drill-holing with Kirschner wire gradually decreased along with the increase in the number of drill-holes. Internal PO2 was markedly lower than PO2 of venous and arterial blood measured synchronously. Venous obstruction in bone may be an etiology of simple bone cyst. Follow up study showed that all cysts of six cases treated by the multiple drill-hole method were filled up with bony tissue within five months after the treatment, and the clinical result of the treatment was excellent. Multiple drill-hole method may be the first choice in the treatment of simple bone cyst in the younger patients, because the operative invasion of this method was minimum. PMID- 6663158 TI - [Tilting angle of the scapula]. AB - The shoulder joint has the most freedom of range of motion in the human body. This joint is composed of the gleno-humeral joint, the acromio-clavicular joint, the sterno-clavicular joint and the scapulo-thoracic articulation. The scapula has a very important role in the scapulo-humeral rhythm in the shoulder motions, but the scapular position could be identified from the two roentgenograms from different distances in the same direction. Three points of the scapula were chosen to decide the plane of the scapula as below: A: The intersection of the vertebral border and the scapular spine, B: The inferior angle, C: The tuberos, infraarticularis. The two roentgenograms were taken using the distances of one and two meters from the X-ray tube to the X-ray film. The X-ray was concentrated on the point A of the scapula. Points B and C on each roentgenogram were measured by X-Y coordinates. The lengths of AB, BC and CA and the scapular angles (the medially tilting angle, the downward tilting angle and the upward rotation angle) were calculated by using specific equations. The lengths of AB, BC and CA and the medially tilting angle of 16 scapulae (dry bones) were measured by using a caliper, and those were calculated by roentgenograms. Each measurement was almost accurate the length of AB, BC and CA; r equal 0.965, the medially tilting angle; r equal 0.928). Then the scapular angles of a human body determined from the roentgenographic examination in the standing position. Also the shoulder was loaded with five kg at the forearm and the length were reconfirmed. The results were as below: The medially tiling angles were 42.7 degrees +/- 1.3 degrees (n equal 50) in the resting position (R.P.) and 47.5 degrees +/- 2.0 degrees (n equal 23) in the five kg loaded position (5 L.P.) among the males. Those angles were 45.5 degrees +/- 2.6 degrees (n equal 19, R.P.) and 49.5 degrees +/- 2.1 degrees (n equal 13, 5 L.P.) among the females. The downward tilting angles were 8.5 degrees +/- 1.6 degrees (R.P.) and 7.8 degrees +/- 2.0 degrees (5 L.P.) among the males and were 7.7 degrees +/- 2.6 degrees (R.P.) and 5.1 degrees +/- 4.8 degrees (5 L.P.) among the females. The upward rotation angle was 8.7 degrees +/- 0.9 degrees (R.P.) and was 5.6 degrees +/- 1.5 degrees (5 L.P.) among the males, and was 6.6 degrees +/- 1.8 degrees (R.P.) and was 4.4 degrees +/- 2.6 degrees (5 L.P.) among the females. PMID- 6663159 TI - [Pathophysiology of muscular atrophy due to disuse--with special reference to a single muscle fiber and its ultrastructure]. AB - Immobilization muscule atrophy was experimentally induced by fixing one ankle joint with a K-wire in an extended position in rats. The animals were sacrificed at designated intervals to obtain the soleus muscle from the fixed (or disused) side and the free side; the muscles were weighed wet, evaluated (musculo) physiologically using a single-skinned muscle fiber method, and further examined histochemically and electron-microscopically. The wet weight of the disused soleus muscle was reduced to 54% of that of the healthy (used) muscle. According to classification by types of muscle fibers stained for ATPase, conversion of muscle fiber type, i.e., conversions of type 1 (red muscle) into type 2 (white muscle) was noted on the disused side, and similar findings were also observed by examination using a single skinned muscle fiber method. The maximal tension developed by the disused single muscle fiber was lower. This may be attributable to structural changes in the myofilament arrangement observed under an electron microscope. No abnormalities were found in calcium ion uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Under the present experimental conditions, it was clarified that the disuse atrophy of skeletal muscle induces not only reduction of muscle fibers in diameter but also their dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. PMID- 6663160 TI - [Experimental study on peripheral nerve lesions--compression neuropathy]. AB - Compression is one of the most important causes of entrapment neuropathy. The experimental study described was performed to elucidate the pathogenesis of compression neuropathy in the sciatic nerves of 113 mongrel dogs. An apparatus, devised to compress the nerve constantly with the force of 15, 30 and 50 grams (27.6, 55.2, 92.0 mmHg), was applied to the sciatic nerve 4 cm distal to the sciatic tuberculum. The following observations were made on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks. Macroscopic findings: The compressed site of the nerve was thinned and flattened. Adjacent portions both proximal and distal to the compressed site showed distinct swelling (prox. greater than dist.). Electrophysiological findings: In the 15-gram-compression group, the conductability was maintained up to the 8th week, but the motor nerve conduction velocity was reduced to approximately 60% of the control. In the 30-gram compression group, the conductability of the compressed site was lost within one week. However, the conductability in the distal portion remained detectable. In the 50-gram-compression group, the conductability was completely lost within one week. Histological findings (H and E, Holmes and LFB stains): In the pseudoneuroma, the swelling of the individual axons was slight, but the arrangement of each axon and each funiculus was extremely sparse because of the exudate in the interstitial tissue. At the compressed site, axons were closely packed together with a concomitant decrease of interstitial tissue. In the 15 gram-compression group. Wallerian degeneration was localized in large myelinated fibers at the distal site. In the 30-gram-compression group, almost all the nerve fibers except for small ones showed degeneration. In the 50-gram-compression group, all fibers degenerated. Teased single fiber specimens: In the 15-gram compression group, paranodal demyelination was seen from the 1st week. Up to the 8th week, such demyelination was more remarkable, and a bulbous deformity appeared at the proximal site of compression and Wallerian degeneration of the large myelinated fibers occurred at the distal site of compression. Microangiogram (India ink method): The internal microvessels decreased slightly in the 15-gram-compression group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663161 TI - [Experimental study on the effect of direct currents on the internal remodeling of a long bone cortex]. AB - The effects of direct currents on internal remodeling were examined using femurs of 21 adult mongrel dogs. The left femurs of all dogs, used as a control, were inserted electrodes only, which were not electrically stimulated. In Group 1, no surgery was done on the right femur. In Group 2, 1 microA continuous direct current (D. C.) was applied for 6 weeks; in Group 3, 10 microA for 2 weeks; in Group 4, 10 microA for 4 weeks; in Group 5, 10 microA for 6 weeks; in Group 6, 10 microA for 16 weeks; and in Group 7 100 microA for 6 weeks. Each group was composed of three dogs. The following histomorphometric parameters were measured to evaluate the effects of electrical stimulation: number of resorption cavities (Ar), number of secondary osteons with osteoid seam (osAf), linear rate of mineralization of osteoid seam (Mo), perimeter of osteoid seam (Sf), cross sectional area of secondary osteon (Ah) and bone formation rate (Vf). The following results were obtained: In Group 1, resorption cavities and secondary osteon with osteoid seam were observed more in the left femur than in the right. Then, mechanical stimulation of periosteal stripping or cortical drilling enhanced internal remodeling of cortical bone. In other groups (electrical stimulation was applied on the right femur), it seems that internal remodeling, especially activation frequency, was enhanced by D. C. No significant change was noted in the linear rate of mineralization of osteoid seam and cross-sectional area of the secondary osteons. Bone formation rate in the right femur showed increment when length of stimulating period had increased from 2 to 6 weeks. In Group 6 and 7, the enhanced area of bone formation has increased in cross section, although in Group 7, bone necrosis was observed around the electrode in the right femur. Therefore, the optimum current of electrical stimulation may be just or slightly more than 10 microA. Bone formation rate was correlated with volume of callus in the marrow cavity within the period of six weeks. PMID- 6663162 TI - [Allograft of cultured chondrocytes into articular cartilage defects in rabbits- experimental study of the repair of articular cartilage injuries]. AB - Articular cartilage defects were created by dill holes, 2 mm wide and 3 mm deep, through the articular cartilage into the subchondral bone in the patellar groove of the femur in mature rabbits. The defects received graft of cultured chondrocytes and the matrix obtained from the primary culture of chondrocytes isolated from the articular cartilage or auricular cartilage in immature rabbits. The isolated cells were cultured for 10 to 14 days. For graft, the cultured chondrocytes together with the matrix were detached from the culture chamber using rubber policemen and centrifuged. The repair of the grafted defects or defects without graft (control) was histologically studied 2 to 12 weeks after operation. The defects without the graft were progressively filled with fibrous tissue containing spindle shaped cells, fibers perpendicular to the surface, and matrix showing weak metachromasia with toluidin blue at 8 weeks. The defects received articular cartilage cell graft were occupied by new cartilage tissue consisting colonylike crumps of chondrocytes 2 weeks after operation. The crumps showed strong metachromasia with toluidin blue and strong stainability for safranin-O. By 4-8 weeks, the defects were filled with homogeneous cartilage. At 12 weeks, arrangement of the chondrocytes of the superficial layer of the new cartilage became columnar as seen in the normal articular cartilage. The defects received elastic cartilage cell graft were filled by reformed cartilage with chondrocytes surrounded by elastic fibers 2-12 weeks after operation. The results indicate that allograft of cultured chondrocytes with matrix into the articular cartilage defects accerated the repair process of the defects by formation of the new cartilage derived from the grafted chondrocytes. PMID- 6663163 TI - [Pathological diagnosis by electron microscopy]. PMID- 6663164 TI - [Natural killer cell activity and thyroid cancer]. PMID- 6663166 TI - [Clinical studies of 116 cases of brain metastases of lung cancer--relative roles of surgery and radiotherapy]. PMID- 6663165 TI - [Role of host immunity in experimental radiotherapy]. PMID- 6663167 TI - [Preoperative transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization in locally advanced breast cancer (II)]. PMID- 6663168 TI - [50% survival in cancer expressed by the number of months]. PMID- 6663169 TI - [Clinical significance of DNA-synthesizing enzyme, thymidine kinase, in human colonic cancer]. PMID- 6663171 TI - [Comparison of the effect of irradiated tumor tissue with that of irradiated tumor cells in active specific immunotherapy]. PMID- 6663170 TI - [Clinical evaluation of bestatin (NK-421) supplementing radiotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 6663172 TI - [Clinical study on radiotherapy in combination with misonidazole]. PMID- 6663173 TI - [The 21st meeting of the Japan Society for Cancer Therapy. October 27, 28, and 29, 1983, Nagoya. Abstracts]. PMID- 6663174 TI - [Clinical study on the etiology of coronary arteriosclerosis: comparative evaluation of progression of the arteriosclerotic process and serum lipoprotein concentration]. PMID- 6663175 TI - [Antihypertensive effect of potassium in patients with essential hypertension]. PMID- 6663177 TI - [Case of ovarian non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and cerebral infarction]. PMID- 6663176 TI - [Case of Sjogren's syndrome with familial renal tubular acidosis and essential hypernatremia]. PMID- 6663178 TI - [Case of anaphylactic shock presumably caused by a barium preparation]. PMID- 6663179 TI - [Case of sarcoidosis associated with hypercalcemia with seasonal variations]. PMID- 6663180 TI - [2 cases of bilateral non-hormonal carcinoma of the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 6663181 TI - [Case of myasthenia gravis with coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus and latent hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6663182 TI - [Case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); with special reference to the relation between autoimmune phenomena and coagulation-fibrinolysis reactions]. PMID- 6663183 TI - [Intraglomerular coagulation in patients with glomerulonephritis, with special reference to FDP D-dimer]. PMID- 6663184 TI - [Analysis of the vectorcardiogram in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6663185 TI - [HbAI as an indicator of blood glucose regulation in diabetic patients]. PMID- 6663187 TI - [Case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia with subsequent development of lymphoma 7 years later]. PMID- 6663186 TI - [Case of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in a family known for longevity]. PMID- 6663188 TI - [Case of disopyramide-induced hypoglycemia]. PMID- 6663189 TI - [Case of pseudohypoparathyroidism type II with marked bone deformities and hypothyroidism induced by anticonvulsants]. PMID- 6663190 TI - [Case of "brown bowel syndrome" with posterior column degeneration, probably due to vitamin E deficiency]. PMID- 6663191 TI - [Case of emphysematous pyelonephritis associated with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6663192 TI - Lipoid pneumonia. PMID- 6663193 TI - Local complications and mortality of adult tracheostomy. PMID- 6663194 TI - Kosair-Children's Hospital Emergency Room tabulation of diagnoses. PMID- 6663195 TI - KMA response to "An integrated health cost containment strategy to achieve quality health care at an affordable cost for Kentucky". PMID- 6663196 TI - [Course of pulmonary embolism]. AB - One hundred and fifty-five patients with a mean age of 59 years and suffering a recent pulmonary embolism (P.E.) underwent angiopneumography and phlebocavography before and after treatment. The P.E. was minimal in 42 cases (Muller less than 11) and severe in 113 cases (Muller greater than 11). There was an associated venous thrombosis (V.T.) in 134 cases (86%) affecting the iliac veins or vena cava in 44 cases (28%). Several types of treatment were used: heparin 66, SK 24, high dose UK 16, low dose UK + heparin 37, surgery 16. Fifty-two patients underwent a procedure to interrupt the I.V.C. Four patients received two types of treatment in succession. SK resulted in more rapid disappearance of the pulmonary clot than UK at the dose used but the results were comparable on the 15th day (SK = UK = H). With regard to V.T., the Marder index failed to reveal any significant difference between the types of treatment. However, SK resulted in the lowest therapeutic failure rate (19%) and it was the only agent which produced disobliteration of iliac or vena cava thromboses (6 cases out of 13), other types of treatment being ineffective (0 cases out of 28). The mortality rate was high (14%) but 86% of the patients who died had a massive P.E. (greater than 60%). The recurrence rate was less (6%) but recurrences were fatal in 6 cases out of 10. Sixty-four patients were seen again after a mean period of 20.7 months. Pulmonary sequelae were minor (CPC 4.6%, dyspnoea 18%). By contrast, one patient in two suffered from post-phlebitis syndrome. The latter was all the more common when obstruction of the proximal veins persisted after treatment. On the basis of these data, the authors emphasise the gravity of pulmonary thrombo-embolic disease: fatal in the early phase essentially as a result of recurrences, incapacitating in the late phase as a result of post-phlebitis syndrome. They note that proximal V.T. associated with P.E. is responsible for such complications. Such iliocaval disease must therefore be sought routinely by phlebocavography. Their presence justifies aggressive treatment designed to destroy them (SK) or protect against their consequences (I.V.C.I.). PMID- 6663197 TI - [New experimental documents on circulatory reversal by arteriovenous fistula in ischemia of the extremities]. AB - The beneficial effects of circulatory reversal by lateral a.-v. fistula was confirmed in 20 hind limbs of dogs made ischaemic by Collagen embolisation. Although not done in the experiments presented here, rupture of the distal venous valves is advisable. The peripheral circulation was studied by measurement of venous pressures and by angiography. Retrograde infusions, with proximal tourniquet, confirmed reversal of flow veins to arteries. Return routes to the heart remain unknown. PMID- 6663198 TI - [Trial of intracavernous papaverine in the treatment of impotence. Therapeutic prospects]. AB - The injection of 80 mg of Papaverine into one of the corpora cavernosa of the penis produces an erectile response which is proportional to the local haemodynamic conditions. On the basis of this test, the investigation of penile rigidity coupled with Doppler velocity studies permit cases of impotence due to vascular disease to be differentiated from other abnormalities of erection. The intensity of the response is proportional to the quality of the local vascular reaction. The intense vaso-dilatation of the cavernous arteries leads the author to propose the use of this drug and this route of administration in the treatment of certain cases of poor erection due to arterial disease. PMID- 6663199 TI - [Treatment of vascular edemas of the extremities using mercury pressure]. AB - Sixty-four cases of lymphoedema of the limbs were treated by vertical immersion in mercury using certain methods and taking a number of precautions. The very high density of mercury immediately produces a high pressure gradient between the extremity and the root of the limb, the compressive forces produced remaining constantly perpendicular to the skin surface. This new, painless and ambulatory technique is an excellent method for the treatment of lymphoedema of the limbs with the notable special feature of giving very good results at the extremities, thereby contrasting with other methods. Furthermore, and whilst results for the rest of the limb are numerically comparable, they are obtained more rapidly (4 compression sessions of 30 minutes on average). The use of mercury compression is not limited to lymphoedema since, in particular, it improves varicose hypodermatitis. PMID- 6663200 TI - [Value of digital angiography via a vein in the diagnosis of an atheromatous aneurysm of the subrenal aorta ruptured into the inferior vena cava]. AB - Fistulisation of an atheromatous aneurysm of the aorta into the inferior vena cava is a rare type of rupture. Emergency surgery is required following its diagnosis. A case of this type is reported where a diagnosis was obtained without delaying surgery using a new radiological technique: numerical angiography via a venous approach. By virtue of its simplicity, reliability and safety, this technique is of great value in the emergency investigation of rupture of an atheromatous aneurysm of the aorta. PMID- 6663201 TI - [Cryoanalgesia of the nerves of the feet in distal arteritis in the elderly]. AB - Fifty limb salvages were attempted by using phenol sympathectomy combined with cryo-analgesia of foot nerves in patients with distal lesions. Cryo-analgesia does not interfere with walking and exercising and avoids oedema. Results were gratifying in patients with rest pain, and no gangrenous involvement: 80% of salvages. Very old patients (over 90 years) experienced satisfactory results in 60% of the cases. Even when a reconstructive procedure had failed previously, we achieved a 25% limb salvage rate. Thus cryo-analgesia under local anesthesia appears as a useful therapy for elderly patients with distal arterial disease. PMID- 6663202 TI - [Was it necessary to treat acute carotid thromboses surgically? 1962-1973: long term results]. AB - A 13 years study of 22 patients with surgical treatment of acute occlusion of the internal carotid artery is reported. Mortality rate was 22% (5 patients). 35% had a complete recovery of the stroke without any sequelae. 6 were better after intervention, 3 worsened. Long term mortality is 10 patients with 2 strokes and 4 myocardial infarction. No significant difference can be observed on life table of the survivors with reference to recent medical series, 60% at five years, 36% at ten years, 28% 13 at years. A review of 30 studies of the literature (1,046 cases of acute stroke or transient ischemic attacks) shows a 17% global mortality, with 50% of good results. Mortality of surgical treatment of acute carotid occlusion is lower in recent papers (inferior 10%). This progression seems to be related to the selection of the indications of surgery in stroke (shorter delay, early diagnosis with non-invasive procedures, post-operative management). The conclusion is that a surgical therapy of acute thrombosis of the internal carotid artery cannot be systemically rejected. PMID- 6663203 TI - [True and false radiation arteritis]. AB - Radiation therapy seldom induces large arteries injuries. When it occurs, their consequences are serious and their treatment is difficult. In six patients, arterial disease followed radiotherapy with cutaneous and subcutaneous fibrosis. Three were located on the carotid arteries and three in the aorto-iliac vessels. In four cases, radiation was the main causal factor; in one case it was one of the contributive factors; in the last case it was nothing else than an association. In all cases, surgical treatment was difficult because the cutaneous, subcutaneous and periarterial fibrosis. Radiation effects induced risks of cutaneous unhealing, anastomotic rupture and arterial infection. The carotid arterial stenosis were cured in one patient by two gore-tex bypass from the aorta to the carotid arteries and in the two others by three venous bypass from the common carotid arteries to the internal carotid arteries. The aorto iliac obliterations were treated by different methods: one by-pass from the thoracic aorta to the deep femoral arteries, one aorto-bifemoral bifurcation and one medical treatment in a patient with poor condition. All patients have good results several years after treatment. PMID- 6663204 TI - [Place of peridural anesthesia in aorto-iliac surgery. Preliminary comparative study apropos of 32 patients]. AB - Two groups of patients were studied: Twelve retroperitoneal iliac, and 20 abdominal aortic surgery with aortic clamping and bypass graft. Anesthesia was: Pure thoracic epidural T10-T11 for all iliac and 3 aortic surgery. Epidural thoracic plus light general anesthesia for 12 aortic surgery. Classic balanced anesthesia for 5 patients only. Rate of injection of anesthetic mixture and pressure measurement in epidural space are described. RESULTS: Hemodynamic changes during surgery are less in the epidural group. Post operative respiratory assistance was necessary only in the general anesthesia group, and respiratory care easier in the epidural group. Post operative peristalsis was obvious the first post operative day after epidural anesthesia, the fourth day after general anesthesia. PMID- 6663205 TI - [Bypass on a single major artery of the leg. Theoretical modalities and results apropos of 100 cases]. AB - Sub-crural bypass operations on a single leg artery were analysed retrospectively with a follow-up period ranging from six months to eight years. The vitality of the limb was threatened in the majority of cases (91/96). Whenever possible (79/96) the internal saphenous vein was used as a graft, preferably by the in situ technique. Mortality was 6%. Morbidity with the exception of thromboses was 14.5%. Patency by actuarial analysis was 71.6% at 5 years and 65.8% beyond. The majority of thromboses occurred during the first few months and led, in the majority of cases, to amputation. Secondary thromboses were better tolerated. The influence of various parameters was studied: clinical stage, peroperative flowmeter results, material used, technique, associated procedure (sympathectomy), implantation site and permeable vessel. PMID- 6663206 TI - Relations between heat transfer in perfused biological tissue and the local symmetry components of the vascular system. AB - The relation between perfusion and heat transfer in tissue can be formulated in terms of local symmetry components of the vascular system. It is shown that the order of symmetry (dipole, quadrupole etc. symmetry) gives the order of magnitude of perfusion heat transfer. A unidirectional flow component results in a D'Arcy like bulk flow. A non unidirectional flow component contributes to heat transfer at least by a second order term. It acts like an additional effective heat diffusivity. Comparison with experiments confirm the theoretical results. PMID- 6663207 TI - Infinite subharmonic bifurcation in an SEIR epidemic model. AB - The existence of both periodic and aperiodic behavior in recurrent epidemics is now well-documented. In this paper, it is proven that for epidemic models that incur permanent immunity with seasonal variations in the contact rate, there exists an infinite number of stable subharmonic solutions. Random effects in the environment could perturb the state of the dynamics from the domain of attraction from one subharmonic to another, thus producing aperiodic levels of incidence. PMID- 6663208 TI - An analysis of 100 consecutively admitted alcohol and drug patients. PMID- 6663209 TI - Acute water intoxication complicating transurethral resection of the prostate. PMID- 6663210 TI - A medical revolution. PMID- 6663211 TI - Antitrust principles and the physician-patient relationship. PMID- 6663212 TI - Genitourinary tumors IV: adenocarcinoma of the kidney. PMID- 6663213 TI - Reference intervals of twenty-one biochemical constituents of the population in southern Thailand. PMID- 6663214 TI - Comparison of noninvasive and invasive blood pressure monitoring. PMID- 6663215 TI - Serum immunoglobulin levels in amoebic liver abscess in Thailand. PMID- 6663217 TI - Ebstein's anomaly in adolescents and adults. PMID- 6663216 TI - Treponemal tests and immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with secondary syphilis. PMID- 6663218 TI - Angiomas of the neuraxis: study of 150 cases. PMID- 6663219 TI - Descriptive epidemiology of diabetes mellitus: a global overview. PMID- 6663220 TI - High-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast. A case report. PMID- 6663221 TI - The transition from oocyte-coded to embryo-coded glucose phosphate isomerase in the early mouse embryo. AB - The proportions of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI-1) allozymes produced by early (Gpi-1sa/Gpi-1sb female X Gpi-1sc/Gpi-1sc male)F1 mouse embryos were analysed by quantitative cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Technical controls showed that this system is extremely sensitive, quantitatively reproducible and quite accurate. Genetic controls established that the Gpi-1sa/Gpi-1sb mothers were homozygous for the Gpi-1tb temporal allele, that produces relatively high GPI-1 activity in the oocyte. The oocyte-coded enzyme lasted until about 5 1/2 days post coitum (p.c.) or shortly thereafter. The maternally derived, embryonic Gpi-1s allele was expressed no earlier than the paternally derived allele. This was first expressed between 2 1/2 and 3 1/2 days p.c. In this cross, most of the transition from oocyte-coded to embryo-coded GPI-1 occurred between 2 1/2 and 5 1/2 days p.c. PMID- 6663223 TI - Neuronal cell death in grasshopper embryos: variable patterns in different species, clutches, and clones. AB - Previous studies showed that cell death plays an important role in adjusting the segment-specific number of ganglionic neurones during grasshopper embryogenesis (Bate, Goodman & Spitzer, 1979; Goodman & Bate, 1981). In every segment, the single midline precursor 3 (MP3) divides once to produce two progeny. In some segments, one or both of these two progeny die; there is a general pattern of cell death of the MP3 progeny across the thoracic and abdominal segments. In the present study we examined the pattern of cell survival versus death of the MP3 progeny in 472 embryos from four different species, from the genetically related offspring within different clutches of the same species and from the genetically identical offspring within isogenic clones of the same species. We find variability in the pattern of cell survival versus death amongst embryos of the same species, clutch and clone, suggesting a significant epigenetic influence on this pattern. However, our results also show significant differences in the pattern of cell death between different genera and species, and between different clones and clutches within a single species, suggesting a genetic influence on this pattern as well. PMID- 6663222 TI - Genetic analysis of developmental mechanisms in hydra. VIII. Head-activation and head-inhibition potentials of a slow-budding strain (L4). AB - Morphogenetic potentials involved in head formation were examined in a hydra strain (L4) which has a very low budding rate and a large polyp size, and the results were compared to those of the normal strain (105). Hydra tissue has two types of antagonistic morphogenetic potentials which are thought to play important roles in head structure formation: the head-activation potential and the head-inhibition potential. Lateral tissue transplantation (Webster & Wolpert, 1966) was used to compare the levels of the two potentials in L4 and the normal strain. It was found that the intact polyp of L4 has a nearly normal or slightly lower head-activation potential but a significantly higher head-inhibition potential than the normal strain. During the course of regeneration after head amputation, the levels of the two potentials in L4 changed in significantly different patterns from those in the normal strain. These abnormalities of the two potentials may be responsible for the developmental and morphological abnormalities in L4. The significance of these observations is discussed in light of the current hydra pattern formation models (Wolpert, Hornchurch & Clarke, 1974; Meinhardt & Gierer, 1974). PMID- 6663224 TI - Inhibition of proteolysis in rat yolk sac as a cause of teratogenesis. Effects of leupeptin in vitro and in vivo. AB - Conceptuses from 9.5-day pregnant rats were cultured for 48 h in heat-inactivated homologous serum to which leupeptin, a specific inhibitor of the lysosomal cysteine-proteinases, was added for the final or the penultimate 6 h. The presence of leupeptin (25 micrograms/ml or above) increased the protein content of yolk sacs at harvesting to approximately twice the control value. The protein content of the embryo at harvesting was lower than that of controls. When 125I labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone was added to the culture serum for the final 6 h of culture, radioactivity was found in the yolk sac at harvesting, but not in the embryo. The presence of leupeptin did not affect the rate of uptake of the radiolabelled macromolecule by the yolk sac, nor facilitate its entry into the embryo. When formaldehyde-denatured 125I-labelled bovine serum albumin was added to the culture medium for the final 6 h of culture, little radioactivity was found in the yolk sac at harvesting, and barely any was found in the embryo. Trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity was found in the culture serum. The presence of leupeptin sharply increased the levels of radioactivity in the yolk sac (but not the embryo) and sharply decreased the acid-soluble radioactivity of the culture medium. When rat serum whose proteins were labelled with [3H]leucine was used as culture medium, radioactivity was found in both yolk sac and embryo at harvesting. The presence of leupeptin increased the amount found in the yolk sac and decreased that found in the embryo. These results are interpreted as follows. Leupeptin enters the lysosomes of the yolk sac, inhibiting their cysteine proteinases. The digestion of proteins pinocytosed by the yolk sac is consequently inhibited, resulting in the accumulation of protein by the yolk sac and a decreased flow of amino acids to the embryo. Leupeptin (50 mg/kg), injected into pregnant rats at either 8.5 days or 9.5 days of gestation, induced congenital malformation in the offspring. It is proposed that leupeptin exerts its teratogenic action by inhibiting proteolysis in the lysosomes of the yolk sac, and so depriving the developing embryo of its supply of amino acids at a critical stage of development. PMID- 6663225 TI - Fine structure of the regressing interdigital membranes during the formation of the digits of the chick embryo leg bud. AB - There is recent evidence showing that in addition to the well-known mesenchymal necrotic mechanism involved in the disappearance of the interdigital membranes, the ectodermal tissue may also play an active role in the formation of the free digits of most vertebrates. Ultrastructural study of the regressing interdigital membrane of the chick leg revealed significant changes at the epitheliomesenchymal interface. Disruptions of the ectodermal basal lamina and an intense deposition of collagenous material were the most conspicuous changes observed in the extracellular matrix. In addition the basal ectodermal cells showed prominent cell processes projected into the mesenchymal core of the membrane, and mesenchymal macrophages appeared to migrate through the epithelial tissue to be detached into the amniotic sac. It is concluded from our results that the elimination of the interdigital membranes is a complex process requiring the interaction of all the tissue components of the membrane. PMID- 6663226 TI - Occlusion of the neural lumen in early mouse embryos analysed by light and electron microscopy. AB - A histological account of neural tube occlusion during early mouse embryogenesis is presented here from an analysis of sections taken from plastic-embedded material. Because the overall pattern of neuroepithelial apposition and the duration of luminal occlusion appears to vary slightly from one embryo to another at otherwise similar stages of development, only a general guide to the events occurring in the mouse embryo between about midday on the 9th to late on the 10th day of gestation can be given. The earliest evidence of complete luminal occlusion was seen when the cephalic and caudal extremities of the neural tube were still widely open. An ultrastructural analysis of the morphological appearance of the closely apposed luminal cells in zones of partial and complete occlusion has demonstrated that occlusion is brought about initially by the interdigitation of processes from closely apposed neuroepithelial cells. This initial event is followed by direct contact over a much more extensive area between the surfaces of apposed cells with a characteristically flattened luminal border. Apposition and luminal occlusion is probably facilitated by the presence of viscous extracellular material. Finally, complete occlusion involving an extensive region of the lumen occurs. The latter phenomenon is a transient event lasting 1 or at most 2 days in the mouse. At no stage were junctional complexes observed between closely apposed neuroepithelial cells in regions in which the neural lumen appeared to be completely occluded, though they were apparent between adjacent neuroepithelial cells. Observations on the underlying mechanism(s) of cellular fusion are considered in the light of the ultrastructural findings. These results are compared with findings from analyses of various other sites of cellular fusion during embryogenesis. Attention is also drawn to the similarities and differences observed in the timing and overall pattern of events occurring during the early development of the neural tube in mouse and human embryos. PMID- 6663227 TI - Light microscope observations on actin distribution during morphogenetic movements in the chick embryo. AB - The cellular distribution of actin during two morphogenetic processes in the chick embryo has been observed, using a high-resolution fluorescent technique, with heavy meromyosin as a probe. These cytoskeletal elements have been implicated in all cell and tissue movements in the embryo. It is now commonly accepted that microfilaments are necessary to provide the motive force for morphogenesis. Two morphogenetic movements in the early embryo have been studied at the light microscope level. During somitogenesis, the mesenchymal segmental plate becomes transformed into a meristic series of transient epithelial vesicles. Again, actin distribution is diffuse and random before the morphogenetic event. During epithelialization, actin becomes prominent in the apical regions of the epithelial cells. Cells in the somitic epithelial vesicles, the core cells, appear to be passive participants in this process, and consequently show no distinct cellular localization of actin. PMID- 6663228 TI - The effect of local application of retinoic acid to the anterior margin of the developing chick limb. AB - Local application of retinoic acid to the chick limb bud produces effects that are dose and/or stage dependent. Low doses and/or old stages tend to give normal limbs or perhaps one or two supernumerary digits of a more anterior character. Medium doses and/or intermediate stages tend to give full mirror-image supernumeraries with two or even three extra digits including particularly digits of a posterior character. High doses and/or early stages give limbs in which supernumerary digits fail to form or are lost, and in which even host skeletal elements are missing or reduced. The effects are graded over the full dose and/or stage range. Various explanations are discussed in the context of the current hypotheses of limb development. We conclude that one should not necessarily interpret the results as evidence that retinoids normally play a part in the control of development or regeneration. PMID- 6663229 TI - The effects of the pink-eyed unstable gene on the retinal pigment epithelium of the mouse. AB - Pink-eyed unstable (pun), an autosomal gene in the mouse, causes variegation of the coat. In some melanocytes it functions as the normal allele p+, producing dark pigment, and in others as the mutant p, producing light pigment. As a study of another unstable gene at a different locus had shown that the instability was strongly influenced by the tissue environment, it seemed desirable to find out whether this also applied to pun. An examination of the retinal pigment epithelium, the only structure in mammals in which it is practicable to determine the position of individual melanocytes, showed that the distribution of dark and light cells in pun pun animals was not random. The dark cells increased in frequency with the distance from the optic nerve, suggesting that the tissue environment was a factor in the instability of the gene (i.e. in its rate of mutation), although the increase was less striking than in the other mutant. It is generally assumed that when pun behaves as p+ it is a case of reversion, and that reversion can also occur in germ cells, the revertant p+ allele subsequently behaving as a stable gene. It is here argued that it is unlikely to be a case of reversion, and that the evidence for the involvement of the germ line is inconclusive. Further, it is suggested that the phenotype of pun pun animals is probably an instance of Position Effect variegation, the instability resulting from some chromosomal alteration, which is too small to be cytologically detectable. PMID- 6663230 TI - Dorsalization and neural induction: properties of the organizer in Xenopus laevis. AB - We have studied the action of the organizer in Xenopus laevis using grafts labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Orthotropic grafts of the dorsal marginal zone (the organizer) from an HRP-labelled embryo into an unlabelled host showed that this region contributes to the anterior archenteron wall, to the entire craniocaudal extent of the notochord and to a few cells in the somites. Little or no contribution was made to the neural tube. Orthotopic grafts of the ventral marginal zone (the tissue that responds to a grafted organizer) indicated that it only contributes to the posterior half of the embryo. Within this region it spreads around the entire ventrolateral mesoderm, occasionally contributing a few cells to the somites. The posterior endoderm was also heavily labelled. When the dorsal marginal zone from an HRP-labelled embryo was inserted into a slit cut in the ventral marginal zone of an unlabelled host a mirror-symmetrical double dorsal duplicated embryo resulted, in which only the notochord and a few cells in the somites of the secondary embryo were derived from the graft. The bulk of the secondary somites was, therefore, derived from host ventral marginal zone tissue which normally makes very little contribution to the somites. This indicates that host ventral marginal zone becomes dorsalized by the graft. The neural tube of the secondary embryo was also unlabelled, showing that it was induced by the influence of the graft on the overlying ectoderm, which normally forms ventral epidermis. We have also grafted ventral marginal zone tissue into a slit cut into the dorsal marginal zone of a host embryo. HRP-labelled tissue was grafted into an unlabelled embryo and vice versa. This graft did not produce a double ventral embryo and this reinforces the traditional view that the dorsal marginal zone is a special signalling region. Instead, the resulting embryos usually had a twinned notochord with the graft tissue in between, differentiated as somite. This confirms that juxtaposing ventral and dorsal marginal zone 'dorsalizes' the ventral tissue but does not affect the dorsal tissue which differentiates, as usual, as notochord. Thus, our results allow us to conclude that the organizer mediates two distinct interactions in bringing about the formation of duplicated embryos. The first is dorsalization of adjacent ventral mesoderm and the second is the induction of neuroepithelium from ectoderm overlying the new archenteron roof. PMID- 6663231 TI - Effect of exogenous sex steroids upon the number of germ cells and the growth of foetal ovaries grafted under the kidney capsule of adult ovariectomized hamsters. AB - The effect of estradiol E, progesterone P and testosterone propionate T upon growth and germ cell population of foetal ovaries transplanted under the kidney capsule of adult ovariectomized hamsters was examined. Foetal ovaries were obtained 15 days postcoitum and the host received daily subcutaneous injections of E (1 micrograms/day), P (5 mg/day), T (500 micrograms/day) or E + P in 0.1 ml oil for 25 days beginning 5 days before grafting. One day after the last injection, the size of the ovary, the germ cell population and plasma steroid levels were assessed. The results of hormone assays indicate that daily steroid administration was able to maintain continuously elevated plasma levels of the corresponding hormone. Interconversions or steroid secretion by the graft, if any, were not reflected in the peripheral circulation. The growth of the graft was stimulated by T and inhibited by P, in comparison with E and oil-treated controls. All germ cells were at the stage of primary oocyte forming part of a primordial or growing follicle. Their absolute number was significantly increased by T and E and significantly decreased by P and E + P. The number of oocytes per mm3 of ovary was increased 80%, 48% and 40% with E, T and E + P, respectively. It is concluded that, in the hamster, exogenous sex steroids given to the host can exert specific effects upon the growth and oocyte population of a grafted foetal ovary. Whether or not the action of steroids upon the graft is a direct one and whether they influenced oogonial mitosis, the evolution of the meiotic prophase or atresia of primary oocytes remains to be determined. PMID- 6663232 TI - Normal adenylate ribonucleotide content in mouse embryos homozygous for the t12 mutation. AB - The recently improved firefly luciferase assay was used to determine ATP, ADP or AMP in single preimplantation mouse embryos from crosses yielding lethal t12/t12 embryos. Normal values of the three adenylate ribonucleotides were found in freshly collected 2-cell and 4-cell embryos and during in vitro culture to the blastocyst stage. A decrease in adenylate ribonucleotide content was seen in putative t12/t12 embryos only when they were degenerating. PMID- 6663233 TI - Development and motor innervation of a distal pair of fast and slow wing muscles in the chick embryo. AB - The chick wrist muscle ulnimetacarpalis dorsalis (umd) has two heads. Using myosin ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (ACh.E) staining it was shown that one of the heads is composed almost entirely of acid-stable muscle fibres with multiple end plates (slow muscle fibres) and the other of acid-labile fibres with single end plates (fast muscle fibres). The development of the muscle was traced from E7 (Stage 32-33) when it is a relatively homogeneous mass, to E18. The two heads of the muscle are first distinguishable, by ATPase staining, at E8 (Stage 33-34) prior to their cleaving. Both heads of the muscle are innervated by motoneurons positioned laterally in the lateral motor column in spinal segments 15 and 16. There is no observable difference in the positions of the motoneuron pools to the two heads. At E18 the motoneurons innervating the fast head tend to be slightly larger than those innervating the slow head. PMID- 6663234 TI - Mechanical aspects of mesenchymal morphogenesis. AB - Many embryonic cells generate substantial contractile forces as they spread and crawl. These forces mechanically deform each cell's local environment, and the resulting distortions can alter subsequent cell movements by convection and the mechanisms of contact guidance and haptotaxis. Here we develop a model for the cumulative effects of these cell-generated forces and show how they can lead to the formation of regular large-scale patterns in cell populations. This model leads to several predictions concerning the effects of cellular and matrix properties on the resulting patterns. We apply the model to two widely studied morphogenetic processes: (a) patterns of skin-organ primordia, especially feather germ formation, and (b) the condensation of cartilagenous skeletal rudiments in the developing vertebrate limb. PMID- 6663236 TI - Children and adults' distance estimations in a large-scale environment: effects of time and clutter. AB - In two experiments adults (mean age = 19-5), sixth graders (mean age = 11-8), fourth graders (mean age = 9-8), and second graders (mean age = 7-8) walked a straight line distance through a large-scale environment. Subjects were then asked to estimate the time taken to traverse each half of the walk and to estimate the distance between objects seen along the walk. In Experiment 1 each half of the walk was traversed in the same amount of time but contained a different number of objects (clutter). Time and distance estimates were related, but were not affected by the number of intervening objects encountered between locations. In Experiment 2 subjects again encountered a different number of objects along each half of the walk but each half was traversed in varying amounts of time. Again, time and distance estimates were related, and there was no clutter effect. There were no consistent developmental differences across the two experiments. It was concluded that (1) Thorndyke's clutter effect does not occur across all types of spatial cognition tasks, and (2) children and adults tend to relate time and distance across a variety of distance estimation tasks. PMID- 6663235 TI - Exploring and reexploring issues of integrality, perceptual sensitivity, and dimensional salience. AB - Some observations that can be described conveniently by investigators in terms of dimensional sensitivity and dimensional salience actually need not implicate the psychological reality of the dimensions for the subjects. The developmental hypothesis that stimuli are perceived often as integral in early childhood can account for such phenomena only with the assumption that young children often apprehend objects as global wholes, related to one another by overall similarity. Classification data, recently presented by J. R. Aschkenasy and R. D. Odom (Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1982, 34, 435-448) can be reinterpreted in this way. On this reinterpretation, Aschkenasy and Odom's findings are exactly what the developmental form of the integrality-separability hypothesis predicts. Moreover, a variety of other findings and lines of inference converge on the conclusion that, in young children, the use of overall similarity relations to organize perception and cognition predominates over the use of dimensional relations (and that the relative balance between these stimulus relations changes in development). Examples are selected from the literature on the natural development of word meanings, as well as from the literatures on children's and adults' classification. PMID- 6663237 TI - Differential reinforcement of other-than-vocalization as a control procedure in the conditioning of infant vocalization rate. AB - The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate reinforcement control over infant vocalization rates using a DRO schedule to control for elicitation of social stimulation. Mothers of four 2 1/2- to 3-month-old infants provided social reinforcement for their infants' vocalization under two schedules: continuous reinforcement (CRF) and differential reinforcement of other-than-vocalization (DRO). In a repeated-reversal single-subject experimental design, all four infants produced systematically higher vocalization rates during CRF, even though densities of social stimulation during DRO were equal to or greater than densities provided during CRF. Thus, whatever its elicitation value, social stimulation may reinforce infant vocalization rates. PMID- 6663238 TI - Semantic processing can facilitate free recall in mildly retarded adolescents. AB - The efficacy of semantic processing in free recall was investigated in two experiments with EMR adolescents. In Experiment 1, they were taught to use one of two semantic strategies for memorizing a 15-word list. Compared with controls, neither strategy helped recall either in original learning or transfer. In Experiment 2, one of the semantic strategies, a story mnemonic, was investigated further. Rather than being taught to construct their own stories as in Experiment 1, subjects in Experiment 2 were provided with experimenter-composed stories. They showed better immediate recall and retention after 2 months than did no strategy controls. However, about 1 year after original learning, the retention of experimental and control subjects no longer differed. Discussion focused on the story mnemonic's potential utility and the criteria for judging such potential, e.g., amount of facilitation, ease of training and performance of the strategy, and the degree of its generalizability. PMID- 6663240 TI - Immobilisation of antibodies and antigens on macro solid phases--a comparison between adsorptive and covalent binding. A critical study of macro solid phases for use in immunoassay systems. Part I. AB - This article describes a comparison between adsorption and covalent binding of protein-conjugates (bovine serum albumin-diazoluminol), antibodies (sheep anti human thyrotropin) and haptens ([125]thyroxine) to polystyrene, nylon and glass balls. Different combinations of adsorption and covalent binding were used; these varying with the solid phase in question. Polystyrene balls were preactivated by adsorption of a copolymer of phenylalanine and lysine (poly phe-lys) from aqueous solution. The treated balls were then in most cases chemically activated with pentane-1,5-dial before coupling the substance under test. Polystyrene balls were directly chemically activated by nitration followed by reduction and diazotisation. Nylon balls were either used as received or partially hydrolysed with either hydrochloride acid or sodium hydroxide before further use. Chemical activation was carried out using either carbodiimides or pentane-1,5-dial, the latter proving to be unsuitable because of cross-linking between amino groups on the ball surface. Glass balls were coated with organofunctional aminosilanes followed by chemical activation with pentane-1,5-dial. The best results were obtained using nylon balls activated with carbodiimides and with polystyrene balls coated with poly phe-lys and chemically activated with pentane-1,5-dial. Glass balls proved to be unsuitable as the coating precision was poor under laboratory conditions. PMID- 6663239 TI - Foetal and maternal magnesium metabolism: effect of magnesium deficiency and isoproterenol. AB - Pregnant rats were fed diets with an Mg2+ content of 40, 12, 6 and 3 mmol/kg from day 10-19 of pregnancy. There was a linear correlation of non-protein bound Mg2+ between foetal and maternal serum, between amniotic fluid and maternal serum, and between foetal serum and amniotic fluid, the ratios being 2.7, 2.0 and 1.3 respectively, indicating active transport of Mg2+ up to a constant concentration gradient by the placenta. In hearts, increases of Na+ and Ca2+, and decreases of Mg2+ and K+ were observed only in the group receiving the lowest Mg2+ supply. After i.v. injection of MgCl2 to pregnant rats, Mg2+ was slowly transported from maternal to foetal serum and more slowly into the amniotic fluid. The effect of isoproterenol on cardiac electrolyte content in pregnant rats was less than in non-pregnant rats, and the effect of isoproterenol in foetal rats was smaller than in maternal rats. These results are explained by inactivation of isoproterenol in the placenta, by the small diaplacental transport of isoproterenol and by a smaller isoproterenol-stimulation of foetal cardiac adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6663241 TI - Results of quality control surveys of radioimmunological determinations of thyrotropin in newborns. AB - Within the quality control scheme of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Klinische Chemie, seven quality control surveys of thyrotropin (TSH) determinations in blood dried on filter paper have been carried out since 1980. Ninety-six screening laboratories from 12 European countries took part in these surveys. In a single survey each participant usually analysed four different samples; each of these consisted of three spots of dried blood spiked with defined amounts of thyrotropin. For the evaluations of the surveys the participants were asked to give information about their analytical results, and from these, their diagnostic classifications. The medians of the analytical results correlated well with the given thyrotropin concentrations, but the individual estimations from different laboratories varied greatly. Major discrepancies of classification were also apparent, both in the given thyrotropin concentrations and in the individual estimations. Two special collaborative studies with nine selected laboratories showed on the one hand that analysis of the largest possible part of the dried blood sample can help to optimize the precision of the results; on the other hand, considerable drawbacks related to the reagents and the methods were sometimes observed. PMID- 6663242 TI - Determination of free fatty acids: a comparative study of the enzymatic versus the gas chromatographic and the colorimetric method. AB - We determined the concentration of free fatty acids in 51 plasma samples by three different methods: a gas-liquid chromatographic, a colorimetric and an enzymatic method. Values obtained by the three methods show a good correlation. The gas liquid chromatographic method was used as the reference method. The results of the enzymatic method are about 5% too high and the colorimetric results have a bias of +27%. The coefficients of variation of the three assays are 4, 7 and 5% respectively. Storage of the samples at -18 degrees C gives no change in the total amount of free fatty acids, enzymatically determined. Because of low costs (time, reagents and apparatus), combined with a sufficient accuracy and precision, the enzymatic method for the determination of total free fatty acids is the method of choice. PMID- 6663243 TI - The estimation of serum guanosine deaminase activity in liver disease. AB - An assay for the estimation of guanosine deaminase is described. The method employs guanosine as substrate and after incubation of serum and substrate at 22 degrees C for 18 h the ammonia liberated is estimated using the Berthelot reaction. Absorbance is measured as 625 nm and the catalytic activity read from a standard curve obtained using ammonia standards. The method provides reproducible measurements of serum guanosine deaminase. The results obtained using 'normal' sera have been used to calculate the 'normal range' for the enzyme in serum. Preliminary results suggest that guanosine deaminase is increased in hepatitis and in patients with liver metastases but normal in all other liver diseases including cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice. PMID- 6663244 TI - Identification of specific plasma proteins determining the agarose gel electrophoresis by the immunosubtraction technique. AB - The immunosubtraction technique was used to identify the proteins in electrophoretically separated plasma. The technique consists of forcing the plasma through a layer of monospecific antibody purified by electrophoresis; the specific protein is thereby precipitated and is consequently absent from the subsequent electrophoretogram. This technique was successfully applied to the following proteins (in order of distance from the anode): prealbumin, albumin, alpha-lipoproteins, alpha 1-antitrypsin, Gc-globulins, alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, fibronectin, transferrin, beta-lipoproteins, C3, fibrinogen. The method may be applied to the study of protein polymorphism. PMID- 6663245 TI - A simple and specific colorimetric determination of cysteine with p dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde. AB - A simple and specific assay was developed for the determination of cysteine. Cysteine was reacted with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde in methanol at 60 degrees C for 2 h in the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst. Absorbance was measured at 587 nm; the chromogen was stable at 60 degrees C for at least 5 h. The colour reaction was specific for cysteine, and was negative for other amino acids but positive for cysteamine. The absorbance followed Beer's law in the range from 0.825 to 413 mumol/l, and the apparent molar lineic absorbance was calculated to be 5000 m2 . mol-1. This procedure is applicable to the determination of cysteine and cystine in amino acid mixtures and in plasma, since cystine can be quantitatively reduced to cysteine with dithiothreitol under alkaline conditions. Recovery of cysteine and cystine from human plasma was 98.5 to 103% and 94.2 to 102%, respectively. PMID- 6663246 TI - Creatine kinase variants. Report on the workshop conference of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry held on September 19 to 21, 1982 in Tubingen, FRG. AB - It was the aim of the workshop to summarize present knowledge of the variant creatine kinases in human blood. Discussion was centered on the nature, measurement, and clinical significance of these variants. On the basis of the presented results, the different creatine kinase variants can be classified as follows: Normal size variants (80000 Daltons). These originate from postsynthetic modifications of the three dimeric isoenzymes creatine kinase-MM, MB or BB. The M subunit can be transformed by a serum constituent and these modifications result in at least three different creatine kinase-MM and two creatine kinase-MB variants, which still show catalytic activity. The mechanism of the postsynthetic alterations of creatine kinase-BB seems to be more complex: In vitro incubation of this isoenzyme even in a non-serum matrix changes its electrophoretic mobility and decreases activity. In vivo there is evidence that on the one hand intact creatine kinase-BB molecules are directly removed from the circulation. On the other hand, however, inactive creatine kinase-BB-protein is reported to occur in serum. Variants with higher molecular weights (greater than 200000 Daltons). These are termed macro creatine kinases. Macro creatine kinase type 1 comprises the immunoglobulin-bound creatine kinase isoenzymes. Of these immune complexes, IgG-linked creatine kinase-BB is well known and has been described in detail, whereas the occurrence of creatine kinase-MM-containing macro creatine kinases is still questionable. Macro creatine kinase type 1 is found in the blood of about 2% of all hospitalized patients. It occurs mainly in elderly women, but it is not known whether it has any special clinical significance. Macro creatine kinase type 2 is the term for an oligomeric form of mitochondrial creatine kinase released after breakdown of mitochondria in liver, heart and some tumours. After treatment with urea this oligomeric form is converted into a normal sized, dimeric creatine kinase-MiMi. Macro creatine kinase type 2 is found exclusively in seriously ill patients, and may occur in more than 3% of all hospitalized patients. This classification of the creatine kinase variants seems logical, since it takes into account the nature of the creatine kinase variants, and it permits the classification of all atypical creatine kinases described in the literature. As quantification and differentiation now become possible, further experimental and clinical investigations should provide the information necessary for a better understanding of the physiology and pathobiochemistry of these multiple forms of creatine kinase. PMID- 6663247 TI - Approved recommendation (1983) on quality control in clinical chemistry. Part 4. Internal quality control. PMID- 6663248 TI - Approved recommendation (1983) on quality control in clinical chemistry. Part 3. External quality control. PMID- 6663249 TI - Revised recommendation (1983) on evaluation of diagnostic kits. Part 1. Recommendations for specifications on labelling of clinical laboratory materials. PMID- 6663250 TI - Revised recommendation (1983) on evaluation of diagnostic kits. Part 2. Guidelines for the evaluation of clinical chemistry kits. AB - The purpose of the document is to state the policy of IFCC on the evaluation of clinical chemistry kit methods. Subsequent documents will provide specific guidance on experimental procedure, the interpretation of data and criteria for acceptable performance. PMID- 6663251 TI - Transport of spermatozoa in the sheep oviduct: preovulatory sequestering of cells in the caudal isthmus. AB - Progression of ram spermatozoa within the sheep oviduct has been studied in relation to the time of ovulation. Ewes were mated at the onset of estrus and, at increasing intervals thereafter, the oviduct isthmus was transected 1.5-2.0 cm proximal to the utero-tubal junction. The incidence of fertilization and number of accessory spermatozoa were examined in eggs recovered 1 to 3 days after surgery. Ovulation occurred 24-26 hours after the onset of estrus. None of 52 eggs recovered from 48 oviducts transected up to 21 hours after mating was fertilized, nor were spermatozoa associated with the zona pellucida. Two of 33 eggs (6.1%) from 29 oviducts transected between 22 and 24 hours after mating were fertilized, while 3 of 14 eggs (21.4%) and 13 of 16 eggs (81.3%) were fertilized with transection at 25 and 26 hours, respectively. The mean numbers of accessory spermatozoa on eggs in the latter two groups were 0.7 (range 0-2) and 7.9 (range 0-26). Results from transection at 27-30 hours after mating indicated a progressive release and adovarian movement of spermatozoa. Viable spermatozoa are apparently sequestered in the caudal isthmus for as long as 17-18 hours, until shortly before ovulation, when a local transfer of ovarian follicular hormones is thought to facilitate their redistribution. The adrenergic stimulation of powerful adovarian waves of contraction in the isthmus at this time may also act to provoke the capacitation and hyperactivation of ram spermatozoa. PMID- 6663252 TI - Entrainment of daily serum gonadotropin cycles in the goldfish to photoperiod, feeding, and daily thermocycles. AB - Female fish were kept under 16L:8D/20 degrees C in November and April and the onset of light and/or feeding times were shifted by several hours in the experimental groups. Photoperiod and feeding entrained significant fluctuations in serum gonadotropin hormone (GTH) levels when the onset of light and the first daily feeding were 4 hr apart, but not when they were 10 hr apart. Fish were subjected to 16L:8D for 14-16 days in February, and to either a constant warm (20 degrees C) or a diurnal sinusoidal (12-20 degrees C) temperature regime, the warmth being imposed during photophase or scotophase. While relatively high, uniform serum GTH levels were found throughout the 24-hr period in fish subjected to constant warmth, warm temperature during the day promoted fluctuations in serum GTH levels, and warmth during night resulted in relatively low, uniform serum GTH levels. PMID- 6663253 TI - The relationship between the presence of cysteine lyase in the yolk sac endoderm and the disposition of the area vasculosa in the chicken blastoderm. AB - Two series of experiments were carried out to test the possible relationship between the presence of cysteine lyase and area vasculosa in the chicken blastoderm. In the first series, the localization of cysteine lyase was compared with the disposition of the area vasculosa at the successive stages of gastrulation and neurulation. In definitive streak stage chicken blastoderms, the enzyme first appeared laterally at the area pellucida-area opaca border. At older stages, this positivity extended rostrally and only finally did it appear in the caudal area. Based on these in toto observations, the relationship with area vasculosa, the distribution of which has been studied by Settle ('54), seems only incidental. In the second series, intermediate streak stage blastoderms were transversely dissected so that the rostral part did not contain any mesodermal component. The presence of cysteine lyase in this rostral part after 15 hr of culture suggests that the appearance of cysteine lyase in the yolk sac endoderm is not dependent upon the presence of area vasculosa. Moreover, the results suggest that the yolk sac endoderm of the chicken blastoderm is determined to produce cysteine lyase from the intermediate streak stage on. PMID- 6663254 TI - Regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in sea urchin eggs and embryos. AB - Contents of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, coenzyme A (CoA) derivatives, and carnitine derivatives were estimated in the developing eggs and embryos of the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina. Levels of the TCA cycle intermediates in unfertilized eggs were similar. The level of malate increased remarkably after fertilization and reached a plateau just before hatching out. Slight elevation in the level of citrate was also observed during early development. These suggest that metabolism of citrate and malate is altered during development. Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA was accumulated in unfertilized eggs. Its level decreased after fertilization, then gradually increased until the late gastrula stage and turned to decline. Free CoA level increased after fertilization and reached a peak around the gastrula stage, and thereafter it decreased, while short-chain acyl-CoA level decreased gradually after fertilization. Crude citrate synthase from sea urchin unfertilized and fertilized eggs was inhibited by palmitoyl-CoA, though malate dehydrogenase was not inhibited. The palmitoyl-CoA-caused inhibition of citrate synthase was also relieved by spermine and spermidine. In view of the inhibition of citrate synthase by palmitoyl-CoA at concentrations in unfertilized eggs, the enzyme is probably inhibited in unfertilized eggs by long-chain acyl-CoA and released from the inhibited state by the decrease in the level of long-chain acyl-CoA and the increase in the level of polyamines following fertilization. PMID- 6663255 TI - Studies on mouse germ cells inside and outside the gonad. AB - Soon after entering the genital ridge, mouse primordial germ cells take either a male or a female pathway of development. Which direction they follow, and how successful their subsequent gametogenesis turns out to be, depends on various factors, including their own genotype and the phenotype of the gonad they inhabit. Experimental situations that have helped to throw light on this problem include XX in equilibrium with XY chimeras, XO females, and mice carrying the sex reversed gene (Sxr). Further information can be obtained by studying germ cells that fail to enter the genital ridge, as well as culturing isolated germ cells. PMID- 6663256 TI - Germ cell differentiation in mouse adrenal glands. AB - The differentiation of germ cells in the adrenal glands of 26 male and female Swiss albino mice was studied in sequential stages of development, from day 12 1/2 of intrauterine life to postnatal day 21; the study was performed by means of high-resolution light microscopy and electron microscopy. In 12 1/2- and 13-day old embryos, the ectopic cells had morphologic characteristics typical of primordial germ cells, whereas in 14- and 15-day-old fetuses they were identifiable as oogonia. In male and female fetuses from day 17 to term, all ectopic germinal elements entered meiotic prophase, reached diplotene, and differentiated into oocytes in perfect adherence to mouse ovarian timetables. In the postnatal animals, females as well as males, all oocytes progressed through the postmeiotic phase of growth just as they normally do in ovarian follicles, and, in the 2- and 3-week-old animals, they displayed features identical to those exhibited by oocytes in large antral follicles, including a zona pellucida. Germinal elements were no longer seen in the adrenals of animals older than 3 weeks. Our study shows that mammalian germ cells are capable of developing even outside the gonads, and that in ectopic sites they all differentiate as oocytes irrespective of their genetic sex. PMID- 6663257 TI - Fertilization of mammalian eggs by sperm injection. AB - Mammalian sperm normally fertilize eggs in the ampulla of the oviduct after a long trip through the female reproductive tract. During this trip, the sperm become capacitated to fertilize but must overcome substantial barriers in the form of egg investments before reaching the plasma membrane of the egg. Once inside the egg the head of the sperm responds to cytoplasmic factors to decondense and form a pronucleus. All the problems of sperm penetration of the egg and its investments can be circumvented by injecting the sperm into the egg with a micropipette. Such injected sperm can participate normally in the subsequent events, typical of fertilized eggs, that lead to the formation of embryos. Sperm can also be injected into normally fertilized eggs to produce a third pronucleus and a triploid embryo. To avoid the mechanical problems of capturing a swimming sperm with a micropipette, the sperm suspension can be sonicated to break off the sperm tails. The resulting sperm heads can easily be injected into unfertilized eggs to induce the normal events of fertilization. With these injection procedures it is possible to test the fertilizing capacity of foreign sperm, of defective sperm, and even of "dead" sperm. We have found that the phenotype of the sperm does not reflect the genotype in terms of fertilizing ability after microinjection. Immotile and grossly defective sperm of the mouse when injected into the egg produce the same reactions that are produced by fertilization with healthy robust sperm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6663258 TI - Interspecific hybrids and chimeras in mice. AB - Interspecific hybrids and chimeras in mammals provide unique tools for investigating problems in genetics and embryology, because of the degree of disparity between the two component genotypes. We have attempted to produce hybrids and chimeras between Mus musculus, the laboratory mouse, and Mus caroli, a wild species of mouse from Southeast Asia. M. musculus and M. caroli do not normally interbreed, although sterile hybrids can be produced at a low rate by artificial insemination. Extrinsic problems of genotypic incompatibility between the fetus and the maternal environment seem to be involved in poor hybrid survival, since M. caroli blastocysts also die when transferred to the M. musculus uterus. Death is associated with the generation of maternal T-cells which are cytotoxic to M. caroli target cells in vitro. It is not yet clear whether this immune response is the primary cause of death or is secondary to breakdown of some other components of the fetal-maternal interaction. It is clear, however, that it is the trophoblast layer that mediates survival or death of the foreign embryonic cells in the M. musculus juterus, since M. caroli inner cell mass cells can survive to term after injection into M. musculus blastocysts: Viable interspecific chimeras result. Even more convincing evidence is provided by the production of viable M. caroli offspring by trophoblast vesicle reconstitution using trophoblast of M. musculus genotype and inner-cell mass of M. caroli type. Studies of properties of isolated trophoblast tissues have indicated that M. caroli trophoblast may differ from M. musculus in both its antigenic and immunosuppressive properties. Elucidation of trophoblast-uterine interactions in these various interspecific pregnancies is being aided by the development of an in situ marker system, which can distinguish cells of the two species in sectioned material by in situ hybridization with a M. musculus satellite DNA probe. This same marker is also proving a very powerful tool for analyzing cell lineage development in chimeras. PMID- 6663259 TI - Inherited sex reversal in mice: identification of a new primary sex-determining gene. AB - We present evidence that the inbred mouse strain C57BL/6J (B6) differs from Mus domesticus (DOM) at a locus involved in gonad determination and development as well as at the testis-determining locus on the Y chromosome (Tdy). This newly identified gene is named testis-determining, autosomal-1 (tda-1). Although the inheritance of tda-1 suggests it is located on an autosome, its location on the X and Y chromosome in their pairing-recombination region is not excluded. When mice are homozygous for the C57BL/6J-derived tda-1 allele (tda-1B6) and carry the Y chromosome from M. domesticus, they develop as true hermaphrodites or, more rarely, as females. In contrast, when they are homozygous Tda-1DOM/Tda-1DOM or heterozygous Tda-1/DOMtda-1B6 and carry a B6-derived or M. domesticus-derived Y chromosome they develop as normal males. A simple genetic model is presented that integrates proposed steps in gonad determination and the results from genetic experiments reported here. In addition, arguments are presented for the existence of an ovary-determining gene. PMID- 6663260 TI - Studies of foreign genes transmitted through the germ lines of transgenic mice. AB - A novel gene transfer system has recently been developed in which DNA sequences isolated by molecular cloning can be introduced and permanently integrated into the genomes of developing mice. The procedure entails the microinjection of such cloned sequences into the pronuclei of one-celled embryos followed by reimplantation into pseudopregnant females for continued development. Although data obtained from this system are still few, they indicate it will have broad applicability to problems of mammalian developmental genetics. In order that such experiments be fully exploited, it will be necessary to understand the behavior of foreign genes introduced into the mouse and the relationship of that behavior to endogenous gene structure, function, and regulation. As a step in this direction, we have examined a line of mice into which has been transferred a recombinant plasmid consisting of a human leukocyte interferon genomic fragment cloned into the BamHI site of pBR322. The donor material has been integrated as a large concatameric structure which is inherited as a single Mendelian trait to several generations of progeny. Crossing of heterozygotes has apparently resulted in the production of viable homozygotes. In one animal, the structure of the integrated fragment was altered in spleen DNA but not in germ cells. This finding may reflect a normal processing mechanism whereby the structure of genes is altered during cell differentiation, or it may mean that transferred DNA does not behave as endogenous genes do. PMID- 6663261 TI - Calorimetric techniques for metabolic studies of cells and organisms under normal conditions and stress. AB - When cells are subjected to stress, an early result is a shift in type and rate of metabolism to reflect their new conditions. The availability of metabolites, their endogenous vs exogenous origins, and the rates at which they can be used, besides availability of oxygen, dictate cell and tissue response. Measurement of heat output in such a response is a means for monitoring cells and tissues. Differential heat conduction calorimeters are reviewed to provide a listing of instrument parameters important in optimum practical use. Data obtained with one cell system, mammalian sperm, are presented to provide an example of how the combination of calorimetry and carbon balance, plus calculation from thermodynamic constants, permit an assessment of the importance of endogenous metabolism to total cellular metabolism. PMID- 6663262 TI - A steady efflux of ionic current predicts hind limb development in the axolotl. AB - For more than a week prior to the emergence of a hind limb, a steady electric current is driven out of the ventrolateral flank in the immature axolotl, returning through the integument in adjacent regions of the body. A marked peak in the density of this outcurrent could be observed over the exact area of hind limb formation 4 to 6 days prior to its appearance. After a bud projected from the flank, current densities were observed to decrease in magnitude yet localize about the early limb. In about one-half of the animals observed, current reversed its polarity and entered the apex of large buds, 0.4 to 0.5 mm in length. We discuss the possible role such endogenous currents and their associated fields may play in limb development and compare it to similar current flow associated with the regeneration of amphibian limbs. PMID- 6663263 TI - Properties of amino acid transport in preimplantation rabbit embryos. AB - The kinetics, specificity, time dependency, Na+ dependency, and exchange behavior of the uptake of methionine, as a model for the uptake of the neutral amino acids, was investigated in rabbit eggs, morulae, and 6-day blastocysts. Uptake by the blastocyst was physically resolved into components representing uptake into the cellular and cavity compartments. The kinetic data for all material, except the cellular compartment of the blastocyst, could be described mathematically by the parallel activity of a saturable and a linear transport system. The Km decreased from 91 microM in the unfertilized egg to 38 microM in the fertilized egg to 13 microM in the 69-hr morula. The Km of uptake into blastocysts was 131 microM. The Vmax of uptake into the whole blastocyst was calculated to be about 5000 times that of uptake into the egg. Competition of methionine uptake by other amino acids indicated that the egg had somewhat more "L-like" transport specificity than subsequent developmental stages, while the system(s) in the blastocyst were reactive with most neutral amino acids. Uptake into the egg, 69 hr morula, and the cellular compartment of the blastocyst reached a steady state with time, in contrast to uptake into the 76-hr morula and the cavity compartment of the blastocyst. Compatible with this, was the observation that eggs and 69-hr morula, but not blastocysts, exhibited considerable efflux into amino acid containing media. The cavity compartment of the blastocyst may, however, act as a reservoir of amino acids for the cellular compartment. The Na+ dependency of transport was unchanged throughout the developmental period studied in this investigation. PMID- 6663265 TI - Controversies in pulmonary thromboembolism. PMID- 6663264 TI - TMAO (trimethylamine oxide)-independence of oxygen affinity and its urea and ATP sensitivities in an elasmobranch hemoglobin. AB - Urea and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), the major osmolytes in the body fluids of marine elasmobranch fishes, are known to exert counteracting effects on the functions of a variety of enzymes and other proteins of vertebrates (cf. Yancey et al., '82). Although urea raises the O2 affinity of the hemoglobin (Hb) of Squalus acanthias and reduces its sensitivity to the major allosteric cofactor, ATP, the oxygenation reactions of the Hb are insensitive to TMAO, reflecting the absence of urea-TMAO counteraction in the absence or in the presence of the phosphate. PMID- 6663266 TI - Evaluation of surgical treatment of mitral valve disease with emphasis on prognosis based on etiopathology. PMID- 6663267 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of ovarian teratomas. PMID- 6663268 TI - Hypnosis: a viable option in chronic pain management. PMID- 6663270 TI - Attending to the emotional problems of future physicians. PMID- 6663269 TI - New technique for diagnosing heart attacks developed at the University of Florida. PMID- 6663271 TI - [Endoscopic treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis. Critical thoughts apropos of 25 cases]. PMID- 6663272 TI - [Thyroid cancers. Evaluation and current therapeutic directives]. PMID- 6663273 TI - [Leukoplasia and dysplasia of the vocal cords]. PMID- 6663274 TI - [Double face-lifting]. PMID- 6663275 TI - [Anatomy and physiology of Jacobson's nerve]. PMID- 6663276 TI - [Decompression of the endolymphatic sac]. PMID- 6663277 TI - [Clinical information. Parotid localization of lymphoma]. PMID- 6663278 TI - [Regressive perception deafness caused by acute poisoning by carbon monoxide]. PMID- 6663280 TI - Effects of oxygen concentration on biomass production, maximum specific growth rate and extracellular enzyme production by three species of cutaneous propionibacteria grown in continuous culture. AB - Propionibacterium acnes, Propionibacterium avidum and Propionibacterium granulosum were grown in continuous culture at 0-100% air saturation using a semi synthetic medium. Maximum specific growth rate, biomass concentration and extracellular lipase, hyaluronate lyase and phosphatase activities were determined. All three species were capable of growth at 100% air saturation but at reduced growth rates. The presence of oxygen altered the production of extra cellular enzymes. Propionibacterium avidum was the best adapted for growth in aerobic environments. PMID- 6663279 TI - An optical determination of the series resistance in Loligo. AB - The resistance in series with the membrane capacitance in the giant axon of the squid Loligo pealei was measured using potentiometric probes that exhibit absorbance changes proportional to the voltage across the plasma membrane proper. The method relies upon the fact that a voltage drop across the series resistance produces a deviation in the true transmembrane voltage from that imposed by a voltage clamp. Optical measurement of the true transmembrane potential, together with electrical measurement of the ionic current, permits the immediate determination of the series resistance by Ohm's law. An alternative method monitored the amount of electronic series resistance compensation required to force the optical signal to match the shape of the reference potential. The value of the series resistance measured in artificial seawater was 3.78 +/- 0.95 omega X cm2. The estimated value of the contribution of the Schwann cell layer to the series resistance was 2.57 +/- 0.89 omega X cm2. PMID- 6663281 TI - In situ electron microscopic observation of negatively stained tissue culture cells contaminated with mycoplasmas. AB - A simple, fast, and in situ method of detecting the inapparent infection of cultured cells with mycoplasmas is reported. Animal cells grown on Formvar-coated electron microscopic grids were directly fixed with glutaraldehyde, negatively stained with phosphotungstic acid and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Cells contaminated with mycoplasmas could be discriminated from uncontaminated cells. The micro-organisms in the negatively stained preparations corresponded with those revealed by thin sectioning, and the distribution of mycoplasmas in cultured cells coincided with those revealed by the Hoechst staining method. Most of the highly resolved mycoplasmas were polymorphic, and closely associated with host cells; often more than 500 organisms per host cell were seen. PMID- 6663282 TI - Detection of menaquinone-6 and a novel methyl-substituted menaquinone-6 in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. AB - Menaquinone-6 (2-methyl-3-farnesyl-farnesyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) and a methyl substituted menaquinone-6 (2,[5 or 8]-dimethyl-3-farnesyl-farnesyl-1,4 naphthoquinone) were the major isoprenoid quinones found in membrane preparations of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. By reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) the faster-eluting menaquinone-6 co-chromatographed with a menaquinone-6 standard. The identity of menaquinone-6 was confirmed by UV spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The slower eluting methyl-substituted menaquinone-6 co-chromatographed with a menaquinone-7 standard by reverse-phase TLC but eluted between menaquinone-6 and menaquinone-7 standards by HPLC. The UV spectrum of the methyl-substituted menaquinone-6 did not correlate with either authentic menaquinone or demethylmenaquinone. Mass spectra showed an increase of 14 mass units when compared to menaquinone-6, and indicated that a methyl substituent was on the naphthoquinone nucleus. NMR spectra confirmed the presence of a methyl substituent at a peri position (carbon 5 or -8) on the benzenoid ring. PMID- 6663283 TI - Streptococcus garvieae sp. nov. and Streptococcus plantarum sp. nov. AB - Biochemical and chemotaxonomical studies were performed on some streptococci from frozen peas and bovine mastitis in an attempt to clarify their taxonomy. The results of the present and earlier studies indicate the pea and mastitis isolates represent two new species of the genus Streptococcus. The isolates from frozen peas are named Streptococcus plantarum sp. nov. and those from mastitis, Streptococcus garvieae sp. nov. The type strains are NCDO 1869 and NCDO 2155, respectively. PMID- 6663284 TI - Sequence complexities of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of the take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. AB - The nuclear (n) and mitochondrial (mt) genomes of the take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, were examined by reassociation kinetics with Escherichia coli DNA as internal standard. Only one kinetic component was detected in each DNA, with second-order rate constants of 0.022 M-1 S-1 for nDNA and 10.9 M-1 S-1 for mtDNA, corresponding to sequence complexities of 29 X 10(6) base pairs and 60 X 10(3) base pairs respectively. PMID- 6663285 TI - Structural organization of unique retrovirus-like particles budding from human teratocarcinoma cell lines. AB - Human teratocarcinoma cells cultured in vitro can be induced to produce retrovirus-like particles. The induction procedures are the same as those previously shown to induce the synthesis of animal retroviruses. Electron microscopical evidence is presented that the human teratocarcinoma-derived (HTD) particles are most closely related to the type C retrovirus strains. HTD particles can be banded at 1.16 g/ml in linear sucrose gradients, the characteristic density for retroviruses, and subsequently be used for negative staining and fine structure analysis. PMID- 6663286 TI - A temperature-sensitive mutant of Newcastle disease virus which is affected in both haemagglutinin-neuraminidase and matrix proteins. AB - Virions prepared from a non-revertible temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant (ts53) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) grown in ovo at the permissive temperature (34 degrees C) possessed thermolabile haemagglutination and neuraminidase activities compared with parental (ts+) virions. Purified haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein from ts53 virions was also more thermolabile than ts+ HN protein. SDS PAGE analysis of [3H]leucine pulse- and pulse/chase-labelled NDV proteins synthesized in chick embryo fibroblasts following infection with ts+ and ts53 virus revealed that ts53 matrix (M) protein was unstable and disappeared during chase incubations only at the non-permissive temperature (42 degrees C). The non revertibility of the ts53 mutant may indicate that it is a double mutant affected in both HN and M genes; alternatively this mutant may only be affected in the HN gene, the close physical association of the thermolabile HN with the M protein during virus maturation resulting in the lack of protection of the M protein from the action of cellular proteases at the non-permissive temperature. PMID- 6663287 TI - [Familial cancer of the colon without polyposis and the familial cancer syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases over 3 generations]. AB - Two cancer-prone families are reported. In the first one four first-degree relatives over three generations presented a colonic carcinoma, three of them at a proximal anatomic site. For grandmother and father these occurred at ages of 43 and 54 years, respectively, for the son and the daughter at ages of 26 and 22. The grandmother underwent a palliative ileotransversostomy, surgery typically associated with a bad prognosis, but she survived for forty years that initial neoplasm and had an hysterectomy with oophorectomy at age of 63 for endometrial malignancy; she deceased at age of 83 a few days after surgical treatment of tumoral small bowel obstruction: pathological evaluation disclosed a fourth cancer on first duodenum. The second kindred shows over three generations 11 cancer-affected individuals, three of them with double primary cancer: breast and sigmoid, breast and endometrium, colon and Hodgkin disease. This pedigree includes 8 colorectal neoplasms occurring at 47 years of mean age. These findings are consistent with the cancer-family syndrome and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer described by Henry Lynch upon four criteria: high frequency of adenocarcinoma, excess of multiple primary malignancies, synchronous or metachronous, early age of onset of cancer and autosomal dominant inheritance. Moreover the hereditary colon cancer is usually localised to the proximal colon, not associated to polyposis coli and allows a prolonged survival. Up to day such families are only identified by pedigree data. The identification of a cancer prone family calls for an active follow-up of relatives putatively at risk starting at the age of 15 to 20. PMID- 6663288 TI - [Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (apropos of 3 families). Abnormal hair, a sign of heterozygosity?]. AB - The authors report three cases of anidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with an X-linked form. Two cases are sporadic forms, followed up during ten years; the third case is a familial form followed-up through six generations. With their personal cases, the authors insist on the repercussions in the everyday life; they report the signs which must search for an heterozygosis among the females of this families: hypoidrosis, hypodontia, hair shaft abnormalities under polarized light, special look of the face of those females who are alike sometimes wonderfully. PMID- 6663290 TI - [Homogeneous triploidy in 2 premature infants (69 XXY)]. AB - Two new cases of 69 XXY triploidy in live-born neonates are reported. As in 40 others cases of literature observed after 24 weeks of gestation, this chromosome abnormality was lethal. The clinical features are: a large posterior fontanelle, low set ears, syndactylies of hands and feet, and genital abnormalities in the presence of a 69 XXY karyotype. The first patient present a macrocytosis of red blood cells. Macrocytosis, large polymorphonuclear leukocytes and platelets can evoke the diagnosis of triploidy in a malformed newborn. PMID- 6663289 TI - Mohr syndrome in two siblings. AB - The present study reports on two siblings of different sex, affected with a condition corresponding to Mohr syndrome. Characteristic symptoms such as epicanthic folds, a broad and flattened nasal root, a lobulated and hamartomatous tongue, poly- and syndactyly on both hands and feet, doubling of the big toes with less frequent features such as marked psychosomatic retardation and overall hypotony have been observed. All the cited anomalies have been of importance in the differential diagnosis. Difficulties associated with classification of new syndromes and the importance for practical clinical genetics of distinguishing between them are discussed. PMID- 6663291 TI - An oculocerebral hypopigmentation syndrome. AB - An oculocerebral hypopigmentation syndrome consisting of growth retardation, dolichocephaly, cataracts, high arched palate, small, widely spaced teeth, generalized hypopigmentation, psychomotor retardation, progressive neurological manifestations and hypochromic anemia is described in sibs. The finding of parental consanguinity supports autosomal recessive inheritance. The syndrome resembles the Cross syndrome (1,2). PMID- 6663292 TI - Unusual morphodysplasia as a result of early amnion rupture: umbilico-cephalic adherence. AB - We present a fetus with an umbilico-cephalic adherence, probably secondary to an early amnion rupture. The fetal ectoderm and the collagenous layers of the chorion can attach as large amounts of fibronectin are present in the amniotic fluid. Until now, no case of this particular type of "amnion rupture sequence" syndrome has been reported. PMID- 6663293 TI - Stimulus dimensionality and infants' perceived movement in depth. AB - In two experiments infants aged 34 to 70 days observed expanding shadows or filmed stimuli that simulated optical changes produced by an approaching object on a collision course. On the basis of theoretical and empirical work with adult Ss, it was predicted that infants would perceive depth changes and hence withdraw from the stimuli when the optical transformations were two-dimensional rather than one-dimensional despite simultaneous form changes in the display. Results of the first experiment with 12 infants revealed that expansion of shadows in both horizontal and vertical dimensions produced head withdrawal from the projection screen more frequently than expansion in the horizontal dimension alone. A second experiment with nine additional babies showed that expansion of a stimulus undergoing continuous changes in form produced more head withdrawal than the same changes without expansion. For young infants as for adults a rule of "primary tridimensionality" may characterize the visual system: Any two-dimensional expansion of a stimulus will tend to be perceived as movement in depth. Possible qualifications of this rule are discussed. PMID- 6663294 TI - The torque test as a measure of lateral dominance. AB - The present study was designed to assess the validity of the Torque Test as a measure of functional lateral dominance in children. One hundred forty-nine children were administered the Torque Test and The Harris Test of Lateral Dominance. A low but statistically significant correlation was found between torque and total lateral dominance. PMID- 6663295 TI - The relationship between the performance greater than verbal (P greater than V) sign and violent behavior in a sample of mentally retarded subjects. PMID- 6663296 TI - A comparison of the internal structure of the self-reported hand preference of mentally retarded and intellectually normal subjects. PMID- 6663297 TI - Development of sex differences in response to an infant and to the caretaker role. PMID- 6663298 TI - Developmental changes in children's attention to visual dimensions of people. PMID- 6663299 TI - Antidyskinetic action of 3-PPP, a selective dopaminergic autoreceptor agonist, in Cebus monkeys with persistent neuroleptic-induced dyskinesias. AB - Four Cebus apella monkeys with persistent dyskinetic movements induced by earlier long-term administration of haloperidol were subjected to a trial of the dyskinesia-modifying effects of a novel dopamine autoreceptor agonist 3-PPP (3[3 hydroxyphenyl]-N-n-propyl-piperidine). Three monkeys had choreic dyskinesia involving trunk and extremities whereas one had a buccolingual form including tongue protrusion with choreoathetotic twitching and twisting movements of the tongue. Two monkeys (1 choreic, 1 buccolingual) responded with dose-dependent symptom alleviation to 3-PPP, 1-4 mg/kg, with no signs of concomitant sedation or catalepsy. In the monkey with buccolingual dyskinesia all dyskinetic signs disappeared completely 2 hours after 2 mg/kg of 3-PPP. This animal participated in a separate study where the same doses of 3-PPP but also its enantiomers were given. The (-) enantiomer was a more potent antidyskinetic agent than the (+) enantiomer, the racemate falling between these two. Four mg/kg of the (+) enantiomer precipitated an amphetamine-like excitation and after 4 hours aggravation of dyskinesia was noted. These observations support the notion that the (+) enantiomer has both postsynaptic and presynaptic stimulatory effects, whereas the (-) enantiomer acts as a presynaptic dopamine receptor agonist. PMID- 6663300 TI - Scattering kinetics in a complex tryptophan hydroxylase preparation from rat brainstem raphe nuclei: statistical evidence that the lithium-induced sigmoid velocity function reflects two states of available catalytic potential. AB - Multiple measures on statistical patterns from a kinetic scattering paradigm for the activities of rat brainstem medial and dorsal raphe nuclear tryptophan hydroxylase preparations are consistent with the previous hypothesis (J. Neural Transmission 45: 1-15, 1979) that the lithium ion induces a state of kinetic bistability in the system. In this context, the lithium-induced sigmoid tetrahydrobiopterin-reaction velocity function is interpreted as a jump between two stable states of differing catalytic potential with a less kinetically accessible domain between them. These dynamics are qualitatively portrayed in three dimensions by Thom's classical cusp catastrophe. PMID- 6663301 TI - Influence of prolactin on the processes of protein and/or peptide secretion in mouse and rat pinealocytes. An in vitro study. AB - In cultured mouse pinealocytes prolactin stimulates protein/peptide secretion, characterized by the formation of granular vesicles (GV), in the presence of noradrenaline. Prolactin also stimulates this secretion in rat pinealocytes, but only when the hormone was added to a noradrenaline-free medium. Moreover, in both species antagonistic effects of noradrenaline and prolactin on the number of GV are observed. In cultured rat pinealocytes prolactin, in the presence of noradrenaline, strongly stimulates the ependymal-like protein/peptide secretory process. Contrary to what was observed in the process characterized by the formation of GV, synergic effects of noradrenaline and prolactin are found. The results obtained demonstrate that prolactin is involved in the regulation of pineal protein/peptide secretion, and point to the importance of pineal proteic/peptidic "hormones" in pineal endocrinology. PMID- 6663302 TI - The pineal and endocrine changes in heat exposed male hamsters. AB - Decreased testicular weight with damaged seminiferous tubules were observed in hamsters pinealectomized and exposed continuously to high ambient temperature. In hamsters with intact pineals, exposure to heat resulted in reduced testicular weight without recognizable histological damage. In both groups, serum testosterone levels were elevated, evidently through a compensatory mechanism in the interstitial cells, which did not appear to be damaged. Concomitantly with these findings, reduced serum LH, and pituitary LH and prolactin concentrations were encountered in the heat-exposed pinealectomized hamsters, compared to those of their heat-exposed sham-operated counterparts. These results in hamsters reaffirm a previous postulation of a moderating, protective role for the pineal, against adverse effects of prolonged exposure to heat, in rodents. PMID- 6663303 TI - The autonomic innervation of the vasa nervorum. AB - Using catecholamine fluorescence and histochemical cholinesterase staining combined with quantitative image analysis a direct autonomic innervation of arteries, arterioles, venules, veins and arterio-venous anastomoses within peripheral nerves was demonstrated in normal as well as in chemically sympathectomized rats. The adrenergic nerves carry varicosities and were more diffused than acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves; the arteries and the arterio -venous anastomoses were more richly innervated. The findings that acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibres were unalterated by chemical sympathectomy and were revealed by short incubation times are indicative of a true cholinergic, and probably parasympathetic, innervation of the vasa nervorum. The possible importance of the autonomic innervation of the vasa nervorum in the pathogenesis of some diseases of peripheral nerves is discussed. PMID- 6663304 TI - Neglected conditions producing preauricular and referred pain. AB - Various theories regarding temporomandibular joint symptoms are reviewed. Two hundred and forty six patients suffering from head, neck, or facial pain, or masticatory dysfunction were studied. In 108 of these patients, the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint synovitis, lateral pterygoid muscle dysfunction, or tenomyositis of the masseter muscle was made. Examination procedures, diagnosis, frequency of occurrence, and initial treatment of these conditions are described. PMID- 6663305 TI - Neglect dysgraphia. AB - A phonological dysgraphic syndrome is documented in a left handed man with a right-hemisphere lesion. His spelling was significantly affected by word length but neither word frequency nor the orthographical irregularity or word class proved to be relevant variables. Words were spelled equally efficiently forwards as backwards. A clear gradient of letter errors was shown to exist with letters on the left being mis-spelled more often than letters on the right of a word, irrespective of word length. These findings are discussed in terms of current models of spelling and their relevance to theories of unilateral neglect. PMID- 6663306 TI - Aura in temporal lobe epilepsy: clinical and electroencephalographic correlation. AB - Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were evaluated for their aura and the site of EEG abnormality. Autonomic and psychic auras were more frequently associated with right-sided temporal lobe lesions in 290 patients. PMID- 6663307 TI - Post-concussional symptoms, financial compensation and outcome of severe blunt head injury. AB - Two groups, each of 21 cases of severe blunt head injury, were compared. Patients in one group were pursuing claims for financial compensation while patients in the other were not. Patients were assessed on cognitive tests, and both patients and relatives were interviewed at 3, 6 and 12 months after injury. There were few differences between claimants and non-claimants: post-concussional symptoms were common in both, cognitive performance was equal, and the reports given by relatives of changes in the patients were very similar. However, the reports given by patients themselves differed with claimants reporting slightly more symptoms than non-claimants. PMID- 6663309 TI - Syndrome of polyneuropathy, skin hyperpigmentation, oedema and hepatosplenomegaly. AB - Four middle-aged male Chinese with polyneuropathy, skin hyperpigmentation, oedema, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, gynaecomastia and white nails are described. In Japan and United States this syndrome has been associated with plasma cell dyscrasia. However, neither M-protein nor skeletal lesions were demonstrated in these four patients. PMID- 6663308 TI - Arachnoid cysts in the middle cranial fossa: cause and treatment of progressive and non-progressive symptoms. AB - Ten consecutive patients with arachnoid cysts in the middle cranial fossa, diagnosed by CT, were studied. They were divided into three clinical groups: (1) four patients with progressive symptoms caused by secondary bleeding, (2) five patients with non-progressive symptoms of headache or epilepsy, and (3) one asymptomatic patient. The nine symptomatic patients were operated upon and eight showed clinical improvement. Measurements of the CT scans revealed equal brain volumes on the affected and normal sides, refuting the hypothesis that the cyst is caused by agenesis of the temporal lobe. The hemicranium on the affected side was larger, accommodating both the cyst and a normal brain volume. The progressive symptoms after bleeding were caused by brain shift and increased CSF pressure. The cause of the non-progressive symptoms has not yet been established: two mechanisms are suggested: (1) expansion of the cyst accompanied by compression of surrounding structures, and (2) disturbed CSF dynamics without increased intracystic pressure. Removal of the membranes of the cyst with an opening to the basal cisterns should resolve both problems. After surgery a residual cyst may remain. PMID- 6663310 TI - The use of conventional electromyography to assess external sphincter neuropathy in man. AB - Conventional electromyography was used to measure motor unit potential duration in the external anal sphincter in normal subjects and patients with idiopathic faecal incontinence. The results revealed a direct correlation between age and mean motor unit potential duration in control subjects, but no differences between age-matched male and female subjects. Patients with faecal incontinence exhibited prolongation of mean motor unit potential duration compared with matched controls. This technique provided useful quantitative data on reinnervation within the anal sphincter, complementing the results of single fibre electromyography. PMID- 6663311 TI - Nerve compression injury and increased endoneurial fluid pressure: a "miniature compartment syndrome". AB - An inflatable miniature cuff was used to apply local compression of 80 mm Hg or 30 mm Hg to a segment of rat sciatic nerve for time periods varying from two to eight hours. The endoneurial fluid pressure was measured by direct micropipette measurement techniques at one or 24 hours after removal of the cuff, and the nerves were subjected to histological analysis. Endoneurial oedema, associated with a four-fold increase in endoneurial fluid pressure, was observed after compression at 80 mm Hg for four hours, and a three-fold increase was found after compression at 30 or 80 mm Hg for eight hours. Such an increase in endoneurial fluid pressure may interfere with intrafascicular capillary flow, and thereby constitute an important pathophysiological mechanism in nerve compression injuries. PMID- 6663312 TI - Transient visually evoked potentials to sinusoidal gratings in optic neuritis. AB - Transient visually evoked potentials (VEPs) to sinusoidal gratings over a range of spatial frequencies have been recorded in cases of optic neuritis. The use of the response to pattern onset in addition to the response to pattern reversal extended the range to higher spatial frequencies by up to two octaves. There was an increase in VEP delay and a greater degree of discrimination from a control group at higher spatial frequencies. This finding is discussed in the light of previous reports of luminance and checkerboard VEPs in demyelinating optic nerve disease. An attempt is made to relate amplitude changes in various VEP components to contrast sensitivity measurements in this group of patients. PMID- 6663313 TI - The heart in Friedreich's ataxia. AB - Seventeen patients with Freidreich's ataxia were investigated for cardiac abnormalities using non-invasive methods. Clinical examination, routine chest radiographs and electrocardiograms were a poor guide to underlying heart involvement but using continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, echocardiography and isotope ventriculography all patients were found to have abnormalities, even when the neurological signs were minimal. PMID- 6663314 TI - Studies of cellular radiosensitivity in hereditary disorders of nervous system and muscle. AB - Skin fibroblasts from patients with familial dysautonomia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease show normal sensitivity to ionising radiation, as measured by post-irradiation clonal growth. Previous reports of cellular hypersensitivity to ionising radiation and other DNA-damaging agents in familial dysautonomia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy have not been confirmed. PMID- 6663315 TI - Failure of a peripheral dopaminergic marker in Parkinson's disease. AB - [3H]-spiperone binding on human lymphocytes did not reveal the occurrence of dopamine receptors. However, lower values were observed in Parkinsonism and the displaceable binding was increased after levodopa treatment although this was not specific only for levodopa and, furthermore, was not correlated with the clinical symptomatology. This non-specific binding in lymphocytes corresponds to trapping, presumably in lysosomes and thus does not reflect the dopaminergic receptors state in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6663316 TI - Micrographia as a focal sign of neurological disease. PMID- 6663317 TI - Do parkinsonian patients have a greater resistance to the common cold? PMID- 6663318 TI - Environmental reduplication associated with a right thalamic hemorrhage. PMID- 6663319 TI - Intramedullary spinal schwannoma. PMID- 6663320 TI - Aqueduct stenosis and manic depressive psychosis. PMID- 6663322 TI - A preliminary trial of vaccinia oncolysates in the treatment of recurrent melanoma with serologic responses to the treatment. AB - A preliminary trial was designed as a toxicity/feasibility study using a fixed dose of vaccinia melanoma oncolysates (VMO) to treat recurrent stage II and stage III (skin, subcutaneous, and nodal metastases only) melanoma. There were no adverse consequences of the therapy, and 4 of the 12 patients treated seemed to have responded to the treatment by the criteria of the study. Sera from the six patients with the longest survival showed immunoreactivity to human melanoma lines in a Staphylococcus protein A assay (SpA) after 3 months of therapy. While the specificity of this immunoreactivity remains to be determined, the discovery of posttreatment serologic activity in a SpA assay permits investigation of the degree of VMO immunostimulation at different dose levels of the biologic. This assay may provide the means to quantitate optimal biologic dose for future melanoma oncolysate trials. The Southeastern Cancer Study Group is now conducting a phase I/II trial with these vaccinia melanoma oncolysates using the SpA assay to monitor this trial. PMID- 6663321 TI - Immunological effects of recombinant interferon-alpha 2 in cancer patients. AB - Fifteen patients with various types of cancer, resistant to conventional therapy, were entered into a phase I trial of pure interferon-alpha 2 (IFN-alpha 2) produced by recombinant DNA technology. Groups of patients received either 3, 10, 30, or 50 x 10(6) units (U) of IFN-alpha 2 subcutaneously daily for 4 weeks and were closely followed for possible toxicity. At the higher doses, toxicity was encountered, which led to reduction in the frequency of administration. For immunological testing, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained before treatment on day 1, on day 2, and during the 2nd, 3rd, and 7th weeks of the study. The cells were tested for natural killer (NK) activity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (MMADCC), and spontaneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (SMC). ADCC was augmented at all doses in 9 of 15 patients, 6 of whom exhibited elevated levels by day 2. In direct contrast, MMADCC was decreased in 12 of 14 patients 7 20 days after beginning treatment. SMC was increased on day 2 in 1 of 2 patients given 3 x 10(6) U and in 3 of 4 patients given 10 x 10(6) U. SMC in the other patients given these doses was unchanged on day 2, with no decreases noted. In contrast, SMC was decreased in 2 of 4 patients given 30 x 10(6) U. SMC in the other patients given these doses was unchanged on day 2, with no decreases noted. In contrast, SMC was decreased in 2 of 4 patients given 30 x 10(6) U and in 2 of 3 patients given 50 x 10(6) U. NK cell activity was increased in 2 of 3 patients given 3 x 10(6) U, but was either unchanged or decreased in patients given higher doses. The only exception was an increase found in a patient given 50 x 10(6) U, whose renal cell carcinoma responded significantly to treatment. Data on NK and SMC from a phase II study of breast cancer treated daily with 3 x 10(6) U IFN alpha 2 support our phase I observations. NK-cell activity was increased on day 2 in 3 of 8 patients, and SMC increased in 2 of 8 patients. As in the phase I study, no decreases in these functions occurred. In summary, for those responses that were dose dependent, such as NK and SMC, lower doses of recombinant IFN alpha 2 (3 x 10(6) and possibly 10 x 10(6) U) may be more effective in increasing these antitumor activities than are higher doses. PMID- 6663323 TI - Cytochemical evidence for the existence of norepinephrine-containing glomus cells in the rat carotid body. AB - Some investigators have postulated that glomus cells of the rat carotid body contain only dopamine (DA), and that the norepinephrine (NE) measured in the carotid body resides only in sympathetic nerve endings and ganglion cells. To investigate this hypothesis, we employed a pharmacologic drug sequence which depleted all carotid body catecholamines and then selectively restored DA levels while keeping NE levels significantly lowered. Analysis of carotid body catecholamines by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) validated this drug regimen. Employing this drug treatment, we examined glomus cells after potassium dichromate cytochemical staining in an effort to distinguish those glomus cell vesicles which still contained appreciable amounts of catecholamine, presumably DA. Glomus cells from rats receiving vehicle or L-dopa (100 mg kg-1 ip) alone had 83 and 97% of their cells stained, respectively. However, glomus cells from reserpinized (5 mg kg-1 ip) animals were largely unstained (89%). Carotid bodies from animals treated with reserpine and then, 24 h later, with L dopa 90 min prior to sacrifice had about 46% of their glomus cells stained while 54% of the cells were unstained. The results of this last group, coupled with our biochemical data which demonstrated that DA levels were comparable to control values but that NE was 80% depleted, suggest that a significant number of glomus cells did not contain enough catecholamine to react with the dichromate. We believe that these unstained cells may normally contain NE and that glomus cells may be of several types, some containing predominantly DA and others NE. PMID- 6663324 TI - Cytology of cobalt-filled neurons in flies: cobalt deposits at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites, mitochondria and the cytoskeleton. AB - Combined light and electron microscopy of identified neurons requires an intracellular marker that is both photon opaque and has electron scattering properties. We describe results using cobalt chloride block intensified with silver as an intracellular label. The novelty of the method is its integration in tissue fixation, prior to dehydration, resulting in fine grain precipitates that resolve certain intracellular structures. Filled neurons are clearly distinguishable from unfilled profiles by cobalt-silver precipitates. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirms that silver is specifically deposited onto cobalt sulphide cores which are characteristically associated with microtubules, mitochondria, presynaptic and postsynaptic specializations and gap junction-like membrane appositions. PMID- 6663325 TI - Rat hippocampal neurons in culture: responses to electrical and chemical stimuli. AB - Intracellular activity was recorded from dissociated rat hippocampal neurons maintained in tissue culture conditions for 4-6 wk. The cells developed dense interconnections and had typical morphological characteristics similar to hippocampal neurons in situ. The recorded neurons possessed similar electrophysiological properties to those observed in situ or in a slice preparation. Their input resistance (42 M omega), resting membrane potential (-60 mV), membrane time constant (16.2 ms), total electrotonic length (0.92), and spike size (68.3 mV) were similar to values obtained in hippocampal cells in a slice. The connections among adjacent neurons were largely inhibitory. The inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) had longer durations than excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) when these were detected. Synaptic delay varied between 0.3 and 3.0 ms. There were no electrotonic connections among neurons. Reciprocal connections were common. Most neurons reacted to acetylcholine (ACh) by an increase in frequency of spontaneous EPSPs, action-potential discharges, and IPSPs. Concurrently, there was a marked reduction in the magnitude of the evoked PSPs tested in pairs of cells. This effect is probably presynaptic to the recorded neurons. A statistical analysis of quantal properties of the synaptic interactions among neurons revealed that ACh causes a reduction of magnitude of PSPs by reducing the number of releasing elements (m). This effect is different from the reduction of evoked PSPs caused by postsynaptic depolarization. PMID- 6663326 TI - Spiking local interneurons as primary integrators of mechanosensory information in the locust. AB - A population of spiking local interneurons in the metathoracic ganglion of the locust is vigorously excited by particular sensory stimuli from the hindlegs and participates in local postural reflexes. We examined the inputs from singly innervated mechanoreceptors (hairs and campaniform sensilla) to these spiking local interneurons, to nonspiking local interneurons, and to motor neurons that are also elements of local reflex pathways. Recordings were made intracellularly from the interneurons and motor neurons and extracellularly from afferent fibers. The physiological evidence is consistent with the spiking local interneurons being excited by direct, chemically mediated synaptic inputs from the afferents. Each afferent spike is followed at a constant latency by an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in a spiking local interneuron, even at instantaneous frequencies as high as 300 Hz. The estimated synaptic delay is 1.5 ms, similar to that measured at other presumed monosynaptic connections within the same ganglion. Cobalt stains of individual interneurons, and of the central projections of afferent fibers show that both branch within the same ventral region of neuropil. Afferents from several hairs and campaniform sensilla converge on an individual spiking local interneuron. One interneuron is shown to receive inputs from at least seven hairs and four campaniform sensilla, but these represent only a tiny fraction of the total number of such sensilla on a hindleg. Practical limitations to the number of sensilla that can be tested for each interneuron means that the degree of convergence is likely to be considerably underestimated. We found no evidence that nonspiking local interneurons or motor neurons receive direct inputs from the afferents tested. Neurons of both types are, however, affected by stimulation of individual hairs, and the resulting pattern of postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) is similar to the pattern of spikes evoked in the spiking local interneurons. We infer from the evidence presented here and elsewhere (10, 11) that the spiking local interneurons are involved in at least two types of pathways for local interactions: 1) sensory neuron-spiking local interneuron-motor neuron, and 2) sensory neuron-spiking local interneuron nonspiking local interneuron-motor neuron. We conclude that the spiking local interneurons are major elements in the primary integration of inputs from external receptors on the hindlegs. PMID- 6663327 TI - Adaptive plasticity in primate spinal stretch reflex: initial development. AB - Description of the neuronal and synaptic bases of memory in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) requires a CNS stimulus-response pathway that is defined and accessible, has the capacity for adaptive change, and clearly contains the responsible substrates. This study was an attempt to determine whether the spinal stretch reflex (SSR), the initial, purely spinal, portion of the muscle stretch response, which satisfies the first requirement, also satisfies the second, capacity for adaptive change. Monkeys prepared with chronic fine-wire biceps electromyographic (EMG) electrodes were trained to maintain elbow position and a given level of biceps background EMG activity against constant extension torque. At random times, a brief additional extension torque pulse extended the elbow and elicited the biceps SSR. Under the control mode, reward always followed. Under the SSR increases or SSR decreases mode, reward followed only if the absolute value of biceps EMG from 14 to 24 ms after stretch onset (the SSR interval) was above or below a set value. Animals performed 3,000 6,000 trials/day over data-collection periods of up to 15 mo. Background EMG and the initial 30 ms of pulse-induced extension remained stable throughout data collection. Under the SSR increases or SSR decreases mode, SSR amplitude (EMG amplitude in the SSR interval minus background EMG amplitude) changed appropriately. Change was evident in 5-10 days and progressed over at least 4 wk. The SSR increased (SSR increases) to 140-190% control amplitude or decreased (SSR decreases) to 22-79%. SSR change did not regress over 12-day gaps in task performance. A second pair of biceps electrodes, monitored simultaneously, supplied comparable data, indicating that SSR amplitude change occurred throughout the muscle. Beyond 40 ms after pulse onset, elbow extension was inversely correlated with SSR amplitude. The delay between the SSR and its apparent effect on movement is consistent with expected motor-unit contraction time. The data demonstrate that the SSR is capable of adaptive change. At present the most likely site(s) of the mechanism of SSR amplitude change are the Ia synapse and/or the muscle spindle. Available related evidence suggests persistent segmental change may in fact come to mediate SSR amplitude change. If so, such segmental change would constitute a technically accessible fragment of a memory. PMID- 6663328 TI - Adaptive plasticity in primate spinal stretch reflex: behavior of synergist and antagonist muscles. AB - Monkeys can gradually change the amplitude of the biceps spinal stretch reflex (SSR) without change in initial muscle length or biceps background electromyographic activity (EMG) (17). We investigated the concurrent behavior of synergist (brachialis and brachioradialis) and antagonist (triceps) muscles. Synergist background EMG remained stable while marked change occurred in biceps SSR amplitude. Triceps background EMG was minimal under all conditions. Thus biceps SSR amplitude change was not due to change in the background activity of closely related muscles. When biceps SSR amplitude changed, synergist SSR amplitude changed similarly but to a lesser extent. Brachialis change averaged 72% of biceps change, while brachioradialis change averaged 33%. By indicating that SSR amplitude change is relatively specific to the agonist muscle, this finding eliminates a number of nonspecific mechanisms as possible origins of SSR amplitude change. Thus it supports the potential value of the SSR as a system for studying the neuronal and synaptic bases of memory in the primate central nervous system (CNS). PMID- 6663329 TI - Summation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials in hippocampal pyramidal cells. AB - The summation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) generated in separate parts of the dendritic tree of hippocampal pyramidal cells has been investigated using the in vitro slice preparation. Two separate inputs with known synaptic location were used. The EPSP produced by simultaneous activation of the two inputs (observed sum) was compared to the algebraic sum of the individual EPSPs. Small-amplitude EPSPs (0.5-1.5 mV) added linearly. The shortest distance between the two synaptic groups was 75 micron. With larger amplitudes (greater than 2.5 mV), the EPSP summated nonlinearly. The nonlinear summation was reduced by moderate hyperpolarizations (2-10 mV) of the soma membrane. Also, large EPSPs (greater than 2.5 mV) summated linearly when the peak of the summed EPSP was brought close to the equilibrium potential for the inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) (EIPSP). When the EPSP peak was made more negative than the EIPSP, summation was again nonlinear but the algebraic sum was now smaller than the observed EPSP sum, i.e., the direction of the nonlinearity was reversed. EPSP summation was linear after the IPSP had been blocked by benzyl penicillin application. We conclude that separate EPSPs in hippocampal pyramids (minimal separation, 75 micron) add linearly but that the addition of an IPSP may complicate this picture. No evidence was found for interaction between the different populations of excitatory synapses. PMID- 6663330 TI - Laminar organization of tree shrew dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - This study investigated the organization of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis) using both microelectrode recording and anatomical techniques. The tree shrew LGN contains approximately 100,000 cells, of which 20% are in layers 2 and 6. These two layers receive input from the ipsilateral eye. The topography of the tree shrew LGN was delineated by taking systematic penetrations through the structure. Examination of the organization of the LGN laminae showed the following: in layer 1 (the lamina next to the optic tract) a mixture of on-center, off-center and on-off center cells was found; the majority of these cells responded transiently to visual stimuli and they had slightly longer conduction latencies than did cells in the other laminae. On center and off-center cells in laminae 2-6 were sharply segregated: layers 2, 3, and 4 contained off-center cells and layers 5 and 6 contained on-center cells. Most of the cells in laminae 2-6 responded in a sustained manner to visual stimuli. These results suggest that one function of the LGN lamina is to group cells into various classes. Such grouping has now been shown to occur partially or completely for 1) eye of origin, 2) cell types characterized as on-center and off-center, and 3) cell types characterized as producing transient and sustained responses. The nature and degree of laminar specificity, however, varies considerably from species to species. PMID- 6663331 TI - Fast ballistic arm movements triggered by visual, auditory, and somesthetic stimuli in the monkey. I. Activity of precentral cortical neurons. AB - Single-unit recordings from motor cortex (area 4) were obtained in two monkeys trained to perform simple flexion and extension movements of the arm in response to somesthetic, visual, and auditory signals. All neurons tested showed movement related responses that were identical for equivalent movements irrespective of the modality of the triggering stimulus. Progressively longer reaction times were always associated with progressively longer latencies of unit responses. When visual and auditory stimuli were presented simultaneously, the intensity and the duration of both motor and unitary responses remained unchanged as if only one stimulus (auditory) had been given. When the auditory stimulus was appropriately delayed with respect to the visual one, shortening of motor reaction time was observed with a corresponding shortening of the latency of unit responses. In addition to movement-related responses, some neurons showed sensory-related responses mainly to the somesthetic stimulus (37%) and more rarely to the auditory (11%) and visual stimuli (3%). These "sensory" responses preceded and were independent of the movement-related responses; they showed no obvious correlation with the reaction time. Whenever tested, the somatosensory responses persisted after extinction of the motor responses. These findings suggest that, in our experimental conditions, area 4 neurons of the monkey are not involved in the early processing of sensory information required for the initiation of simple, triggered movements. Rather, they appear to generate signals that are mainly related to the characteristics of the motor responses. PMID- 6663332 TI - Fast ballistic arm movements triggered by visual, auditory, and somesthetic stimuli in the monkey. II. Effects of unilateral dentate lesion on discharge of precentral cortical neurons and reaction time. AB - Single-unit recordings from motor cortex (area 4) were obtained before and after dentate lesion in two monkeys executing fast elbow flexions and extensions in response to randomly presented visual, auditory, and somesthetic stimuli. There were no starting or ending reference points or preparatory signals. Monkeys were trained to perform movements larger than 15 degrees within 500 ms of the stimulus presentation. After electrolytic lesion of the dentate nucleus ipsilateral to the trained arm, changes in reaction time (RT) were observed. Mean daily RTs of movements triggered by light and sound were lengthened by 50-70 ms. RTs of movements triggered by somesthetic stimuli were not changed in one monkey, whereas a small increase of only 20 ms was observed in the other animal. Spontaneous firing of precentral neurons was about the same before and after dentate lesion. However, movement-related responses of cortical neurons were affected by the lesion. Whenever there was an increase in RT according to the triggering stimuli, a corresponding increase in the response time of neurons (RS) appeared. Both RS and RT increased by the same amount when movements were triggered by visual and auditory stimuli, whereas they remained about the same when somesthetic stimuli were used to trigger movements. In contrast, the time interval between the appearance of the change of neuronal firing and onset of arm displacement (RM) was not modified after the lesion. Gating of sensory conditioning inputs and modification of RT by the presentation of more than one stimulus were not abolished by dentate lesion. As a whole, the effects of dentate lesion on motor cortical neurons are consistent with the hypothesis that the neocerebellum controls the initiation of simple ballistic limb movements by controlling the discharge of motor cortex neurons. The effects could be attributed to the withdrawal of a facilitatory influence of dentate neurons on the motor cortical cells, particularly for movements triggered by teleceptive inputs. PMID- 6663333 TI - Motor-unit discharge rates in maximal voluntary contractions of three human muscles. AB - Single motor-unit firing rates have been recorded during maximal voluntary contractions using tungsten microelectrodes. Over 300 units from four subjects were sampled from each of three muscles. These were the biceps brachii, adductor pollicis, and soleus, chosen because of known differences in their fiber-type composition and contractile properties. In all cases the contraction maximality was assured by delivering single supramaximal shocks during the voluntary contractions. All motor units were deemed to have already been fully activated if no additional force resulted. Thus for each muscle, the firing rates elicited by a maximal voluntary effort are sufficient to generate a fully fused tetanus in each motor unit. For the biceps brachii and adductor pollicis muscles, the mean firing rates (+/- SD) were 31.1 +/- 10.1 and 29.9 +/- 8.6 Hz, respectively, while for soleus they were only 10.7 +/- 2.9 HZ. For each muscle the firing rates distribution covered approximately a four-fold range about the mean value. The mean firing rates for each muscle varied roughly in proportion to their respective twitch contraction and half relaxation times. These contractile time measurements for both biceps brachii and adductor pollicis agreed well with the mean values reported for human fast-twitch motor units, while those for soleus fell in the range observed for human slow-twitch units. An argument is presented that suggests that, in response to voluntary effort, the range of discharge rates of each motor-unit pool is limited to those only just sufficient to produce maximum force in each motor unit. This suggestion is based on the relationship between the range of motor-unit firing frequencies observed during maximum voluntary contractions, their range of contraction times, and the stimulation frequencies required for maximum force generation. The implications of this hypothesis for motor control are discussed. PMID- 6663334 TI - Velocity tuning of cells in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and retina of the cat. AB - Velocity tuning curves were measured for on-center cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat using a stimulus approximately the height and one fourth the width of the hand-plotted receptive-field center. The standard stimulus strength was 1 log unit above the mesopic background luminance. Lateral geniculate Y-cells had significantly higher preferred velocities than geniculate X-cells when cells with receptive fields having the same range of retinal eccentricities were compared. Preferred velocity increased for both classes of cells as a function of retinal eccentricity. For all geniculate cells, preferred velocity increased with stimulus strength, showing an approximately threefold increase in preferred velocity for each log unit of stimulus strength. Preferred velocity was measured for on-center retinal ganglion cells with receptive fields at the same range of retinal eccentricities as the geniculate sample and under the same stimulus conditions. Preferred velocities of retinal ganglion Y-cells were significantly higher than those of ganglion X-cells, and as for geniculate cells, preferred velocities increased with increasing stimulus strength. However, the classes were better separated in the geniculate than in the retina; with geniculate X-cells having lower preferred velocities than retinal X-cells, and the geniculate Y-cells having higher preferred velocities than retinal Y-cells. For retinal ganglion cells, smaller receptive-field center sizes of the X-cells than the Y-cells could account in large part for the lower preferred velocities of the X-cells. However, for geniculate cells, differences in receptive-field center size could not account as well for the differences in preferred velocity between X- and Y-cells. Furthermore, field size differences could not account for the differences in preferred velocity between ganglion and geniculate cells of the same functional class. Experiments comparing responses to moving stimuli and flashed stationary stimuli show that stimuli moving at high velocities are in effect equivalent to brief-duration flashes, and responses are governed by the same laws of temporal summation in both cases. When velocity tuning curves were measured with long bars that enhanced peripheral inhibition, geniculate X- and Y cells were better separated than ganglion X- and Y-cells, not only with respect to preferred velocity but also, with respect to velocity selectivity (width of the velocity tuning curve) and differential velocity sensitivity (slope of the leg of the velocity tuning curves ascending from low velocities to the peak).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663335 TI - Visual responses of inferior temporal neurons in awake rhesus monkey. AB - We studied the responses to visual stimuli of neurons in area TE of the inferior temporal (IT) cortex in four awake monkeys (Macaca mulatta) trained to perform behavioral tasks. While the monkey looked at a fixation point in order to detect its dimming, another stimulus, such as a spot of light or a sine- or square-wave grating, usually produced only slight responses in inferior temporal neurons. However, the response to the stimulus was more vigorous if the task was changed so the fixation point blinked off before the stimulus came on while the monkey maintained its gaze. Responses to visual stimuli during this blink task were seen in 199 of 288 cells studied, and nearly all responded to a visual stimulus better during the blink task than during the task in which the fixation point remained on. Small spots of light usually produced consistent responses; we did not explore the response to complex stimuli or to objects. Latency of the visual response ranged from 70 to 220 ms. While the response of cells to a stimulus in the presence of the fixation point was limited to areas near the fovea, this apparently constricted visual receptive field expanded during the blink of the fixation point. In order to determine whether the increased response of the cell in the absence of the fixation point was due to a shift of attention from the fixation point to the visual stimulus, we required the monkey to respond to the dimming of this stimulus rather than to the dimming of the fixation point. We found that attention to the visual stimulus decreased the response of the cell during both the fixation and blink tasks. That is, the best response to the stimulus occurred in the blink task when attention to the stimulus was not required, while the poorest response occurred in the fixation task when attention to the stimulus was required. The reappearance of the fixation point during stimulus presentation in the blink task caused a transient time-locked suppression of response to the stimulus. This suggests that the reduction of response to the stimulus in the presence of the fixation point is caused by an interaction between the responses to the fixation point and the visual stimulus. To insure that we were recording from the same population of cells that had first been characterized by Gross, Rocha-Miranda, and Bender (14) in anesthetized, paralyzed monkeys, we recorded under those same conditions in two of our four monkeys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663336 TI - Quantitative comparison of inhibition in spinal cord of nociceptive information by stimulation in periaqueductal gray or nucleus raphe magnus of the cat. AB - The descending inhibition of spinal neuronal responses by focal electrical stimulation in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) or nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) was quantitatively studied and compared in the anesthetized, paralyzed cat. All 60 dorsal horn neurons studied were driven by electrical stimulation of hindlimb cutaneous nerves at strengths supramaximal for activation of A-alpha,delta- and C fibers, and 52 also responded to noxious radiant heating (50 degrees C, 10 s) of the skin of the foot- or toepads; 8 units had receptive fields in the hairy skin of the hindlimb. All neurons studied also responded to mechanical stimuli; recording sites were located in laminae I-VI of the dorsal horn. The inhibition of spinal neuronal heat-evoked responses by stimulation in the PAG or NRM differed quantitatively when examined on the same spinal neurons. Inhibition of heat-evoked spinal neuronal responses occurred at a lower threshold of stimulation in the NRM than in the PAG. The mean intensity of stimulation in the NRM producing an attenuation to 50% of the control 50 degrees C heat-evoked response was significantly lower than the mean intensity of stimulation in the PAG producing a 50% attenuation of the same spinal units. The mean magnitude of inhibition produced by stimulation in the NRM was significantly greater than that produced on the same spinal units by the same intensity of stimulation in the PAG. However, stimulation in the NRM and PAG produced the same mean percent change in inhibition per 100-microA increase in the intensity of stimulation. Thus, the slopes of the recruitment of descending inhibition from the PAG and the NRM as a function of increasing intensities of stimulation are the same; the lines of recruitment of inhibition are parallel. When examined on the same dorsal horn units, stimulation in the PAG influenced their intensity coding to graded noxious heating of the skin differently than did stimulation in the NRM. The responses of the class 2 and class 3 spinal units examined to increasing temperatures of heat applied to the skin was a monotonic linear function throughout the temperature range studied (42-50 degrees C). Stimulation in the PAG decreased the slope of the stimulus-response function (SRF) without affecting unit thresholds of response, thus influencing the gain control of nociceptive transmission in the dorsal horn. Stimulation in the NRM produced a parallel shift to the right of the SRF, influencing the set point and threshold of response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663337 TI - Inhibition of spinal nociceptive information by stimulation in midbrain of the cat is blocked by lidocaine microinjected in nucleus raphe magnus and medullary reticular formation. AB - The organization in the brain stem of descending inhibitory control of spinal nociceptive information was studied in anesthetized, paralyzed cats by quantitatively evaluating the effects of reversible blocks produced by lidocaine microinjected in the medial and/or lateral medulla. Spinal neuronal inhibition produced by stimulation in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRMS) was compared to the inhibition of the same dorsal horn neurons produced by stimulation 2 mm lateral in the medullary reticular formation (MRFS). When the inhibition produced by NRMS and/or MRFS was blocked by lidocaine microinjected in those medullary sites, the efficacy of spinal neuronal inhibition produced by stimulation in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAGS) and 4 mm lateral in the reticular formation (LRFS) was evaluated and compared with the inhibition produced before the intramedullary microinjection of lidocaine. All 32 spinal dorsal horn neurons studied responded to hindlimb cutaneous nerve stimulation at strengths supramaximal for activation of A-alpha,delta- and C-fibers, to mechanical stimuli applied to the skin, and 27 also responded to noxious radiant heating (50 degrees C, 10 s) of the skin of the foot- or toepads (5 units had receptive fields in the hairy skin of the hindlimb). The noxious heat-evoked responses of all units studied were inhibited by NRMS or MRFS. The mean threshold currents for spinal inhibition, the mean maximal inhibition produced, and the mean stimulation currents producing an attenuation to 50% of the control response to 50 degrees C skin heating did not differ between NRMS and MRFS. When quantitatively compared on the same spinal units, NRMS produced the same mean magnitude of inhibition as the same intensities of MRFS, and both NRMS and MRFS produced the same mean percent increment in inhibition per 100-microA increase in the intensity of brain stimulation. The responses of the spinal units studied to graded noxious heating of the skin was a monotonic linear function throughout the temperature range employed (42-50 degrees C). MRFS shifted this stimulus response function (SRF) to the right, raising significantly the threshold of response a mean 2.2 degrees C to noxious heating of the skin without significantly affecting the slope of the SRF. MRFS reduced the number of discharges of spinal units evoked by electrical A alpha,beta-fiber stimulation of hindlimb cutaneous nerves in 4 of 10 units studied. NRMS similarly inhibited the A-alpha,beta-fiber-evoked responses of two of the same four units affected by MRFS but also affected two of the remaining six units not affected by MRFS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663338 TI - Responses of primate SI cortical neurons to noxious stimuli. AB - Recordings were made from single SI cortical neurons in the anesthetized macaque monkey. Each isolated cortical neuron was tested for responses to a standard series of mechanical stimuli. The stimuli included brushing the skin, pressure, and pinch. The majority of cortical neurons responded with the greatest discharge frequency to brushing the receptive field, but neurons were found in areas 3b and 1 that responded maximally to pinching the receptive field. A total of 68 cortical nociceptive neurons were examined in 10 animals. Cortical neurons that responded maximally to pinching the skin were also tested for responses to graded noxious heat pulses (from 35 to 43, 45, 47, and 50 degrees C). If the neuron failed to respond or only responded to 50 degrees C, the receptive field was also heated to temperatures of 53 and 55 degrees C. Fifty-six of the total population of nociceptive neurons were tested for responses to the complete series of noxious heat pulses: 46 (80%) exhibited a progressive increase in the discharge frequency as a function of stimulus intensity, and the spontaneous activity of two (4%) was inhibited. One population of cortical nociceptive neurons possessed restricted, contralateral receptive fields. These cells encoded the intensity of noxious mechanical and thermal stimulation. Sensitization of primary afferent nociceptors was reflected in the responses of SI cortical nociceptive neurons when the ascending series of noxious thermal stimulation was repeated. The population of cortical nociceptive neurons with restricted receptive fields exhibited no adaptation in the response during noxious heat pulses of 47 and 50 degrees C. At higher temperatures the response often continued to increase during the stimulus. The other population of cortical nociceptive neurons was found to have restricted, low-threshold receptive fields on the contralateral hindlimb and, in addition, could be activated only by intense pinching or noxious thermal stimuli delivered on any portion of the body. The stimulus-response functions obtained from noxious thermal stimulation of the contralateral hindlimb were not different from cortical nociceptive neurons with small receptive fields. However, nociceptive neurons with large receptive fields exhibited a consistent adaptation during a noxious heat pulse of 47 and 50 degrees C. Based on the response characteristics of these two populations of cortical nociceptive neurons, we conclude that neurons with small receptive fields possess the ability to provide information about the localization, the intensity, and the temporal attributes of a noxious stimulus.4+. PMID- 6663339 TI - Nocifensive responses to cutaneous thermal stimuli in the cat: stimulus-response profiles, latencies, and afferent activity. AB - Rapid-onset thermal pulses (38 degrees C X s-1) ranging from 43 to 60 degrees C (adapting temperature, 38 degrees C) were applied by contact thermodes to the shaved outer thighs of 29 partially restrained cats while they were eating (coincident stimuli) or between eating periods (noncoincident stimuli). The stimulus-associated probability and latency of three putative nocifensor responses were determined: interruption of eating or of exploration for food, hindlimb movement, and vocalization. These behavioral responses terminated the stimulus. An analysis of response trends and latencies supports the interpretation that these are unlearned escape responses to noxious stimuli. Response threshold was defined as the lowest temperature at which the average response probabilities at the test temperature and at 38 degrees C were outside one another's 95% confidence limits. Average threshold varies with the type of response and the behavior at the time of stimulation. Noncoincident stimuli elicit both interrupt and movement responses at 47 degrees C and vocalization at 53 degrees C. Coincident stimuli also elicit interrupt responses at 47 degrees C but are associated with an increased hindlimb movement threshold (51 degrees C) and vocalization threshold (55 degrees C). The lowest threshold determined for an individual cat was 43 degrees C. Response probability increases as a nonmonotonic function of stimulus intensity. Maximum sensitivity to increases in temperature occurs at stimulus intensities between 50 and 55 degrees C. Above 55 degrees C, some cats show an attenuation of response sensitivity. Special tests failed to reveal any evidence that receptor sensitization or suppression affected the stimulus-response profiles. The average response latency for all behaviors of all cats is 2.3 +/- 0.12 (SE)s from the onset of the stimulus pulse plateau. Most responses occurred within 2.5 s. No significant relationship was found between response latency and type of response or stimulus intensity. The composition and time of onset of heat-evoked afferent activity in the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve was investigated in six cats by colliding antidromic A-delta- and C-fiber volleys with the orthodromic discharge evoked by the thermodes used in the behavioral studies. There was no evidence that noxious thermal pulses evoked activity in A-delta-afferents, but C-fibers could be shown to become active at approximately 46 degrees C, at or before the onset of the thermal pulse plateau.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663340 TI - Neural responses elicited by stimuli associated with masking of low-frequency, monaural tonal signals by noise. AB - The responses of low-frequency, primary-like neurons of the ventral cochlear nucleus were measured as a function of signal-to-noise ratio for gated tonal signals and noise maskers that were varied in bandwidth and duration. For a given signal-to-noise ratio, each of the maskers is known to produce the same amount of masking in psychophysical experiments. The neural discharge rates measured in the present experiment were different, however, for each of the maskers for each signal-to-noise ratio. In contrast, all three maskers produced the same orderly relationship between signal-to-noise ratio and the degree of neural synchrony to the signals. It is concluded that information concerning the presence and relative strength of a low-frequency tonal signal in a background of masking noise is carried by the nervous system as the degree to which responses are synchronized to the phase of the signal. PMID- 6663341 TI - Mechanoafferent neurons innervating tail of Aplysia. I. Response properties and synaptic connections. AB - Mechanical, chemical, or electrical stimulation of the tail elicits a short latency (less than 1 s) tail-withdrawal reflex that is graded with the intensity of the stimulus. The tail-withdrawal reflex is not elicited by stimulation of parts of the body outside of the tail region. Mechanoafferent neurons innervating the tail are located in a small subcluster within a large, homogeneous group of medium-size (40-80 micron) cells on the ventrocaudal (VC) surface of each pleural ganglion. The tail sensory neurons within this large VC cluster are activated by tactile pressure or by electrical stimulation of discrete regions of the tail. They adapt slowly to maintained stimulation and sometimes respond to stimulus offset as well. Both mechanical and electrical stimuli produce responses that are graded with the intensity of the stimulus. Cells in the VC cluster appear to be primary mechanoreceptors because they have axons in peripheral nerves (including nerves innervating the tail), they exhibit action potentials lacking prepotentials in response to tactile stimulation, and these action potentials are still produced by cutaneous stimulation when peripheral and central chemical synaptic transmission is blocked. Stimulation of fields all over the body surface evokes synaptically mediated hyperpolarizing responses in individual mechanoafferent neurons that may represent afferent inhibition. Hyperpolarizing responses lasting many seconds can be produced by brief cutaneous stimuli. The mechanoafferent neurons innervating the tail region make strong monosynaptic connections to tail motor neurons in the ipsilateral pedal ganglion, and through these connections this subpopulation of the VC neurons appears to make a substantial contribution to the short-latency tail-withdrawal reflex. In addition, the combined excitatory receptive fields of these mechanoafferents match the excitatory receptive field of the tail-withdrawal reflex. Mechanoafferent neurons in the VC cluster that have receptive fields on other parts of the body (outside the excitatory receptive field of the tail-withdrawal reflex) have not been observed to make monosynaptic connections to the tail motor neurons. The neurons innervating the tail are reliably found in a discrete region within the larger VC cluster. In addition to this gross somatotopic organization, there is evidence of a finer level of somatotopic organization between the position of the excitatory receptive field on the tail and the position of the cell soma in the tail subcluster.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663342 TI - Mechanoafferent neurons innervating tail of Aplysia. II. Modulation by sensitizing stimulation. AB - The tail-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia can be sensitized by weak stimulation of a site outside the site used to test the reflex or by repeatedly stimulating the test site itself. The sensitization of tail-withdrawal responses is associated with enhanced activation of the tail motor neurons and heterosynaptic facilitation of the monosynaptic connections between the tail sensory neurons and tail motor neurons. This synaptic facilitation can occur under conditions in which neither posttetanic potentiation nor generalized changes in postsynaptic input resistance contribute to the facilitation. In addition to producing monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), action potentials in tail sensory neurons often recruit longer latency polysynaptic input to the tail motor neurons during sensitization. Strong, noxious tail shock similar in intensity to that used previously for sensitization and aversive classical conditioning of other responses in Aplysia produces more heterosynaptic facilitation than does weak sensitizing stimulation. Heterosynaptic facilitation builds up progressively with multiple trials and lasts for hours. Very strong shocks to the tail can change the response characteristics of tail sensory neurons so that a prolonged, regenerative burst of spikes is elicited by a brief intracellular depolarizing pulse. This bursting response produced by sensitizing stimulation has not been described previously in Aplysia sensory neurons and can greatly amplify the synaptic input to tail motor neurons from the sensory neurons. In addition, strong shocks to the tail increase the duration and magnitude of individual sensory neuron action potentials. Sensitizing tail stimulation usually produces long-lasting depolarization of the tail motor neurons and often long-lasting hyperpolarization of the tail sensory neurons. The tail motor and sensory neurons show both increases and decreases of input resistance following sensitizing stimulation. However, the small, occasional increases in input resistance of the motor neuron are insufficient to explain the heterosynaptic facilitation produced by sensitizing stimulation. Serotonin (5-HT) application can mimic many of the effects of sensitizing tail shock, including facilitation of both tail withdrawal and the monosynaptic connections between tail sensory and motor neurons, hyperpolarizing and depolarizing responses in the tail sensory neurons, and an increase in the duration and magnitude of the sensory neuron action potential. In the nearly isolated sensory neuron soma, 5-HT usually produces a slow, decreased conductance depolarizing response, suggesting that the 5-HT-induced hyperpolarizing response see PMID- 6663343 TI - Clinical and angiographic anatomy of the arteries of the larynx. PMID- 6663344 TI - Results of computerized metrizamide cisternography. 37 cases of fracture of the anterior and/or middle fossae of the base of the cranium. PMID- 6663345 TI - Contribution to radiology in tumors of the 3d ventricle. PMID- 6663346 TI - Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in early evaluation of cerebral concussion. AB - In 37 patients brainstem auditory evoked potentials were recorded within 48 hours from a mild head injury. About half of the patients had at least one abnormal neurophysiological parameter pointing to dysfunction of brainstem structure. PMID- 6663347 TI - Traumatic subdural hygromas: a report of 70 surgically treated cases. AB - The Authors present 70 cases of traumatic subdural hygromas, classified into acute, subacute and chronic, according to the interval between injury and the appearance of symptoms. The acute cases were 22.9% of our series. Criteria for surgical treatment were established by means of CT scan serial investigations. Pathogenesis, clinical aspects and results are discussed. Mortality rate was 17.1%. PMID- 6663349 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic hydrocephalus. AB - From August 1972 to December 1980, 36 patients were operated on at the Neurosurgical Clinic of the University of Pavia for post-traumatic hydrocephalus. The materials and methods for making a correct diagnosis of post-traumatic hydrocephalus and for follow-up assessment are discussed. Of our patients who were surgically treated 45% improved, 22% remained unchanged, 22% died and we have no follow-up data on the remaining 11%. Comparisons are made with data from the literature regarding the immediate and long-term results. PMID- 6663348 TI - Surgical treatment of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. Translabyrinthine approach in posterior petrous bone fractures. AB - The authors intend to define the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea according to the type of fracture involving the petrous bone. Fractures of the petrous bone causing cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea can be classified in two types: (1) fractures extending anteriorly toward the anterior foramen lacerus; (2) fractures extending posteriorly through the labyrinth to the internal auditory meatus. The former usually resolve spontaneously; the latter, because of different anatomy and embryogenesis, require a surgical procedure using a translabyrinthine approach. PMID- 6663350 TI - Chronic post-traumatic headache: clinical, psychopathological features and outcome determinants. AB - The epidemiological and clinical profile of Chronic Post-Traumatic Headache (CPTH) has been studied in 57 out of 130 consecutive patients hospitalized, following closed head injuries, at the Institute of Neurosurgery of the University of Milan. The incidence of CPTH has been 44%. Age of the patients ranged between 4 and 69 years. Clinical pictures included closed head injuries of different degree of severity: mild, moderate and severe. Time of onset, headache frequency, character, intensity, duration and associated symptoms showed a great degree of variability. However, chronic muscle contraction headache was the commonest clinical syndrome followed by migraine. Moderate correlations have been found between the severity of CPTH disturbance of consciousness, following the head trauma, and positive findings at CT scan. Moreover the comparison of personality profiles (MMPI) of CPTH (n=26) with a post-traumatic control group, without headache (n=17) showed higher scores on hypocondriasis, depression, hysteria and schizophrenia scales only in the severe CPTH group. Age of the patients, duration of unconsciousness, neurological deficits, course length and pending litigation or compensations were unrelated to the occurrence and outcome of CPTH. These findings suggest the importance of both physical and psychological determinants (social or emotional maladjustment) in the pathogenesis of CPTH. PMID- 6663351 TI - Traumatic cerebral aneurysm in pediatric age. Case report. AB - Cerebral aneurysm following head trauma in pediatric age is a rare complication particularly in the absence of skull fractures or penetrating brain wounds as in the present case. In the presence of rapid worsening of neurological conditions after head trauma, one may take into consideration this complication among other possible vascular accidents. PMID- 6663352 TI - Traumatic dislocation of the cervical spine without neurological deficit. Eleven cases. AB - The authors present 11 cases of traumatized patients without neurological deficit in spite of a gross dislocation of the cervical spine. In the effort of explaining this discrepancy various parameters have been taken into account. The vertebral canal has been noted to be abnormally wide in these cases (average 19.8 mm). The authors suggest that the great width of the vertebral canal has in some way prevented the spinal cord of these patients being damaged by the dislocation. PMID- 6663353 TI - Delayed neurological bladder after cervical trauma. AB - We report a case of neurological bladder (upper motor neuron type) which appeared after a few years after vertebral trauma with retrodislocation of C6. We presumed that there was a traumatic and spondylosic etiopathogenesis of the disturbance. Surgery was done following the surgical techniques used in spondylogenetic myelopathies and there was an immediate improvement of the urinary disturbance. PMID- 6663354 TI - Cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Comparative results of surgical vs conservative treatment in 112 cases. AB - A group of 112 patients affected by cerebral arteriovenous malformations is reviewed. Sixty-six per cent of the cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Epilepsy was the main clinical feature in 20% of the cases. In 45 cases an intracerebral or intraventricular hematoma was diagnosed by CT-scan, angiography or was found during surgery. Seventy cases (62.5%) were operated upon and 42 cases were treated conservatively. In 57 operated cases, total excision of the AVM was confirmed by postoperative angiography. In this group there was no rebleeding during the follow-up period. Other 13 cases were submitted to partial excision of the AVM or clipping of the feeding vessels. In this latter group, 2 patients had later subarachnoidal rebleeding. Operative mortality was 11% in this series. Mortality caused by the AVM in the non-operated group was 20%. Comparing the morbidity in both groups, the operated group had a much better clinical evolution than the non-operated one. Regarding the final clinically results, an abnormal state of consciousness before surgery, a large size of the AVM and the presence of intracerebral hematoma appear to have a bad prognosis significance. PMID- 6663355 TI - Association of a malignant glioma and an aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. Report of a case. AB - A case of association of a malignant glioma of the left frontal lobe and an aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery is reported and the available literature reviewed. The operative mortality of patients with the association of a brain tumor and a cerebral aneurysm is very high (40%). This is the third case reported in the literature in which it was possible to remove the tumor and clip the aneurysm with immediate good surgical results and it is the first case in which the technique of late surgery for malignant glioma was adopted. PMID- 6663356 TI - Radioresponse of mouse liver and its modification by antiradiation drug MPG (2 mercaptopropionyl glycine). A quantitative study. PMID- 6663357 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase-H4 (LDH-H4) radioimmunoassay in severe traumatic coma. PMID- 6663359 TI - A new stand-alone interface for renography. PMID- 6663358 TI - Advances in radionuclide therapy, 1983. PMID- 6663360 TI - Visualization of a bronchobiliary fistula during cholescintigraphy with 99mTc diethyl-IDA. PMID- 6663361 TI - Factors affecting the myoglobin serum levels in normal subjects. PMID- 6663362 TI - Thiamin depletion after ethanol and acetaldehyde administration to rabbits. AB - The role of thiamin in the catabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde has been investigated. When thiamin and subsequently ethanol were administered orally to rabbits, the thiamin concentration in blood increased slightly during the first 3 h and then decreased gradually. After 12 h, it became lower than the value before thiamin administration. Finally, it reached the lowest value after 24 h and then increased slowly to revert to normal in 72 h. It is suggested that thiamin participates in the catabolic pathway of ethanol. An oral administration of pyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, followed by ethanol to rabbits caused a delay in ethanol elimination from blood. When acetaldehyde was injected intravenously to rabbits, thiamin concentration and the transketolase activity in blood decreased gradually and after 12 h the thiamin level reached its lowest value, then increased slowly and normalized in 72 h. Thus, it could be postulated that the decrease in thiamin after an acute ethanol ingestion linked greatly to the acetaldehyde catabolism. PMID- 6663363 TI - Occurrence of riboflavinyl glucoside in rat urine. AB - To investigate the metabolism of riboflavin, [2-14 C]-riboflavin was administered orally to a rat. The urine pooled for 24h after administration was fractionated by paper and silica gel thin layer chromatographies using various solvent systems. Among the radioactive metabolites, riboflavinyl glucoside was found along with 7-carboxy lumichrome and 8-carboxy lumichrome. The radioactivity of riboflavinyl glucoside comprised about 6% of the total radioactivity excreted in the urine during 24h. PMID- 6663364 TI - Suppression of hepatic lipogenesis by pectin and galacturonic acid orally-fed at the separate timing from digestion-absorption of nutrients in rat. AB - This study was conducted to know the possibility that pectin-induced alterations in lipid metabolism of animals might be partly ascribed to galacturonic acid produced by the degradation of ingested pectin in the digestive tract. After a 4 week meal feeding twice a day, fasted rats were fed glucose and fructose and 3 h later orally administered 213 mg of pectin (from apple) or galacturonic acid per kg of body weight, or fed water alone. Significant changes in serum and liver lipids were observed 30 min and 1 h after the administration of pectin and galacturonic acid but not 5 h after the administration. Pectin and galacturonic acid showed contradictory effects on serum lipids, adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and triacylglycerol (TG) production and removal rates. However, the elevation of total lipid and TG levels in liver with the sugar feeding was significantly inhibited by the administration of either pectin or galacturonic acid. These results support our hypothesis that galacturonic acid produced by the degradation of ingested pectin in the digestive tract may be partly responsible for the pectin-induced changes in lipid metabolism. This was discussed in relation to another possible regulation of lipid metabolism by short-chain fatty acids which are produced by the intestinal fermentation of pectin and galacturonic acid. PMID- 6663365 TI - Changes of the activity and content of sucrase-isomaltase complex in the intestinal mucosa during the development of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. AB - The changes in the activity and content of sucrase-isomaltase complex (S-I) in the intestinal mucosa were studied during the development of diabetes induced by streptozotocin in rats. On days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 after an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg), the enzyme activity and the enzyme content were observed in the jejunum and ileum. Sucrase and isomaltase activities markedly increased from the 3rd day both in the jejunum and ileum, and kept increasing till the 10th day especially in the ileum. The enzyme content of S-I also increased in parallel with its activity during the development of diabetes. However, in the early stage of diabetes, sucrase activity per microgram of S-I content increased both in the jejunum and ileum. Isomaltase activity per microgram of S-I content increased temporarily in the ileum. These results suggest that the increase of disaccharidase activities in the early stage of diabetes induced by streptozotocin is not only due to the increase of the enzyme content, but also due to the change of the enzyme catalytic property. PMID- 6663366 TI - Oral toxicity of Kintoki bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin. AB - There are several antinutritive factors in the Kintoki bean such as lectin, trypsin inhibitor, lack of methionine etc. The present experiment has revealed that lectin is mainly responsible for the growth impairment of experimental animals orally fed raw Kintoki bean. Mice fed raw Kintoki bean as the only protein source lost their body weight and died in 8 days, while mice fed the heated bean grew normally. When mice on a 10% albumin diet ingested 20 mg or 40 mg or 60 mg Kintoki bean lectin by daily stomach-feeding, their body weights were reduced to 84%, 74%, 71% of the control group after 5 days respectively and some of them could not live to complete the experiment. The apparent rates of the intestinal absorption of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein were considerably reduced, when rats were fed a diet containing 0.4% lectin. Especially, the rate of protein absorption was decreased to 26.3% from 55.5% of the control rate. The main tissues of mice that had ingested Kintoki bean lectin by stomach-feeding were subjected to microscopic observation. No changes were observed in the liver, kidney, spleen and pancreas. But in the small intestine, the epithelial cells lining the villi were considerably disordered and conspicuously disrupted. These results indicate that the Kintoki bean lectin is one of the most promoting factors for growth impairment in experimental animals and that the first target organ in the case of oral feeding is the small intestine. PMID- 6663367 TI - Nutritive quality of leaf proteins coagulated at different pH. AB - Leaf proteins obtained by coagulation at different pH were examined for their chemical composition and nutritional quality. Green juice was extracted from alfalfa, red clover, Italian ryegrass and oats and leaf protein was coagulated by heating the juice after adjusting the pH to 4 or 8-8.5, or without any adjustment of the pH (about pH 6). The mild alkaline juice from Italian ryegrass and oats did not cause the satisfactory coagulation but it was achieved with the addition of Ca salt to the juice before heating. There were no important differences in the amino acid compositions of the leaf proteins coagulated at different pH. Crude ash, Ca and Mg contents increased with an increase in pH of coagulation and the protein coagulated at pH 8 had remarkably high contents of crude ash, Ca, Mg, Na and P in each crop. The leaf protein coagulated at pH 6, on the contrary, had a high content of true protein and low contents of nitrogen free extracts and nucleic acid as compared with those at pH 4 and 8. The pH of coagulation of leaf protein from alfalfa and red clover had no effect on the nutritional quality of the respective proteins. In Italian ryegrass and oats, however, the leaf protein coagulated at pH 8 was found to be nutritionally inferior to those coagulated at a lower pH. The data presented in this work support that in general, the leaf protein produced by heating the green juice without any adjustment of pH may be suitable for protein resources because of its desirable properties, i.e. high true protein content and good nutritional quality. PMID- 6663368 TI - Chemical composition of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) varieties. AB - The chemical composition of dry seeds of four varieties, pods, stalks and leaves of winged beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) was determined. The seeds had a high range of protein (27.8-36.6%) and fat (14.8-17.9%), which were similar to soybeans. the seeds contained high phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. The leaf was highest in protein content (33.7%) of all the parts studied except for the seeds. The protein and fat content of pods decreased as pods ripened. the calcium content in the leaf was much higher than in the other parts. Protein was extracted sequentially with 2% NaCl, 30% isopropyl alcohol, 4% lactic acid and 0.5% KOH from dry seeds of four varieties of winged beans. The NaCl extract showed the highest range of protein concentration (60.2-77.6%). The NaCl extract was separated into two fractions based on solubility in water. the amino acid composition of the flour from the seeds and of the two fractions from the NaCl extract were determined. Contents of lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and leucine were large, while the sulfur-amino acid content was small. Trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activities of 2% NaCl extract from the seeds were determined, and chymotrypsin inhibitory activity was higher than the trypsin. PMID- 6663369 TI - Eye movements and neural remapping during fusion of misaligned random-dot stereograms. AB - Fender and Julesz [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 819 (1967)] found that fused retinally stabilized binocular line targets could be misaligned on the two retinas in the temporalward direction by at least 30 min of arc without loss of fusion and stereopsis and that random-dot stereograms could be misaligned 2 deg before fusion was lost. To test these results in normal vision, we recorded eye motions of four observers while they viewed a random-dot stereogram that subtended about 10 deg. The observers misaligned overlaid vectograph stereo images by moving them apart in a temporalward direction until fusion was lost. They then returned the vectographs to the overlaid position. Throughout this cycle the observers reported at frequent intervals if they could perceive strong or weak depth, loss of depth, or loss of fusion. For some observers the image separation could be increased to 5 deg beyond parallel before fusion was lost. The visual axes diverged to follow the image centers and varied from overconverged to overdiverged with respect to the image centers while the observers still reported depth and fusion. We call the difference between the image separation and eye vergence the vergence error. If a vergence error persisted for at least 10 sec without loss of the percepts of fusion and depth, we postulate that neutral remapping occurred that compensated for the retinal misalignment. We found that the average maximum neural remapping was 3.0 deg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6663370 TI - Detection of coherent movement in peripherally viewed random-dot patterns. AB - We studied the detection of coherent motion in stroboscopically moving random-dot patterns for foveal vision and at eccentricities of 6, 12, 24, and 48 deg in the temporal visual field. Threshold signal-to-noise ratios (SNR's) were determined as a function of velocity for a range of stimulus sizes. It was found that the motion-detection performance is roughly invariant throughout the temporal visual field, provided that the stimuli are scaled according to the cortical magnification factor to obtain equivalent cortical sizes and velocities at all eccentricities. The maximum field velocity compatible with the percept of coherent motion increased about linearly with the width of the square stimuli. At this high-velocity threshold any pixel crossed the field in five to nine equal steps with a constant total crossing time of 50-90 msec, regardless of stimulus size or eccentricity. The lowest SNR values were reached at the optimal or tuning velocity V0. They approached the amazingly low values of 0.04-0.05 for large stimuli and at all eccentricities. Regardless of stimulus size, the parameter V0 increased about linearly with eccentricity from roughly 1 deg sec-1 at the fovea to some 8 deg sec-1 at 48 deg in the temporal visual field. PMID- 6663372 TI - Independence of orientation and size in spatial discriminations. AB - This study of form vision explores the relationships between orientation and spatial frequency in suprathreshold discrimination tasks. Orientation discrimination thresholds for sine-wave gratings were 0.3-0.5 deg, much less than the roughly 10-24-deg orientational bandwidth of channels; spatial-frequency discrimination thresholds were 3-7%, much less than the roughly 1.2-octave spatial-frequency bandwidth of channels. We find that spatial-frequency discrimination between two gratings was as acute when the two gratings were orthogonal as when they were parallel. Orientation discrimination between two gratings was as acute when the two gratings had the same spatial frequencies as when they had different spatial frequencies. Thus orientation and spatial frequency are independent dimensions at the discrimination stage of spatial information processing. PMID- 6663371 TI - Spatial-frequency discrimination and detection: comparison of postadaptation thresholds. AB - We found that inspecting a sine-wave grating elevated threshold for spatial frequency discrimination as it does for contrast detection, but discrimination threshold was maximally elevated at about twice the adapting frequency, where detection threshold was little affected; and detection threshold was maximally elevated at the adapting frequency, where discrimination threshold was not elevated at all. Orientation tuning was roughly similar for contrast and for discrimination threshold elevations; elevations fell by half at between 7 and 17 deg from the adapting orientation. We compared our findings with the predictions of three models of discrimination: (1) The data are inconsistent with the idea that the most strongly stimulated channels are the most important channels for discrimination. (2) With an additional assumption, the Hirsch-Hylton scaled lattice model could account for our finding that discrimination threshold elevations are asymmetric. (3) With no additional assumptions, the idea that discrimination is determined by the relative activities of multiple overlapping spatial-frequency channels or size-tuned neurons can account for our finding that discrimination thresholds are asymmetric. We propose a physiologically based discrimination model: Asymmetrically tuned cortical cells feed a ratio-tuned neural mechanism whose properties are formally analogous to those of ratio-tuned neurons that have recently been found in cat visual cortex. The linear relation between firing frequency and contrast can explain why discrimination threshold is substantially independent of contrast. PMID- 6663373 TI - Effects of high-contrast peripheral patterns on the detection threshold of sinusoidal targets. AB - Detection thresholds of sinusoidal gratings in the simultaneous presence of high contrast peripheral masking stimuli partially overlapping the test gratings were determined as a function of the separation between the center of the test grating and the peripheral stimulus by a two-alternative forced-choice method. The results showed that the threshold-elevating effect of simultaneously present peripheral masking stimuli depends on how much of the test grating is left unexposed. An additional experiment, in which the detection thresholds in the absence of the peripheral stimulus were determined as a function of the number of cycles of the test grating, enabled us to show that the threshold-elevating effect is somewhat higher than the effect of simply cutting the test grating down in size. The threshold-elevating effects caused by high-contrast peripheral masking stimuli can be explained in terms of a lateral inhibition and a probability summation across space, taking into account the nonuniform sensitivity across the visual field. PMID- 6663374 TI - Optics of photorefraction: orthogonal and isotropic methods. AB - Analysis of the optics of photorefractively computed ray tracing shows that, for short camera-to-subject distances, the function relating image size to defocus of the eye is not symmetrical for errors of focus in front of and behind the camera. This asymmetry is exploited in the new method of isotropic photorefraction, in which the supplementary cylinder lenses of the original orthogonal photorefractors are replaced by defocusing of the camera lens itself. By comparing photographs taken with the camera focused in front of and behind the subject, the sign of the eyes' defocus (myopic or hyperopic relative to the camera) can be determined. The axis of any astigmatism is readily apparent as the direction in which the photorefractive images are elongated. The method is well adapted for the refractive screening of infants and young children. PMID- 6663375 TI - Color-rendering capacity of illumination. AB - A new measure called color-rendering capacity is developed, by applying some of the concepts used in communication engineering, to describe another aspect of the color-rendering properties of illumination, i.e., the maximum possible number of different colors that can be displayed by a given illumination. It is a relative measure expressed as a dimensionless parameter between zero and unity, depending only on the spectral power distribution of the illumination. The computer program involved in calculating this parameter and calculated examples for several different light-source types are presented. By reference to this parameter, the prediction for four different fluorescent lamps about the extent to which a lamp can make an average chromatic environment appear colorful and bright is in general agreement with the existing observation. Another potential use of this parameter, in collaboration with the luminous efficacy, as a relevant indicator of the visual efficiency of illumination is also discussed. PMID- 6663376 TI - Optic nerve hypoplasia and visual function (a quantitative correlation). PMID- 6663377 TI - A one-year follow-up study of the Damon Group Hypnosis Smoking Cessation Program. PMID- 6663378 TI - Topics in perinatal medicine. V: Management of meconium staining in the delivery room. PMID- 6663379 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on ototoxicity of potassium bromate]. PMID- 6663381 TI - [Gaze stabilization during stepping and running]. PMID- 6663380 TI - [Experimental study on the effects of long-term, repeated rotational stimulation on the lateral semicircular canals]. PMID- 6663382 TI - [Amplitude and velocity of the movement of the center of gravity in Romberg's posture--age-related changes and diagnostic values]. PMID- 6663383 TI - [Nonspecific immunological reactivity of patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck]. PMID- 6663384 TI - Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis: an experimental model. AB - A simple and reproducible model of acute haematogenous staphylococcal osteomyelitis is described. Twenty-nine day-old chickens were inoculated intravenously with 10(4)-10(8) viable organisms Staphylococcus aureus per kg body weight and were killed 1-8 days after inoculation. Macroscopic septic foci could be detected within 24 hr of inoculation and were most commonly situated in the metaphyseal region of the proximal tibia and distal femur. Lesions in other organs were not observed. The production of osteomyelitis was dependent on the bacterial inoculum size. It was estimated that 5.5 X 10(5) viable organisms per kg body weight of chicken were required to produce osteomyelitis in 50 per cent of injected chickens. Chicken weights were monitored throughout the experiment. A close negative correlation existed between the logarithm of the bacterial inoculum size and the chicken growth rate in the first 24 hr following inoculation (r = -0.968, P less than 0.01). The chicken growth rate was therefore used as an accurate predictor of osteomyelitis in individual chickens. PMID- 6663386 TI - Microgibbosities in hydatidiform mole. AB - Ultrastructural analysis of the surface of the syncytial absorptive epithelium of the aberrant form of human placenta known as hydatidiform mole reveals modifications of the microvillous apical surface. We have described these features as microgibbosities. They are apparently groups or rings of microvilli greater than the usual length in the surrounding cytoplasm. The existence of such microvilli and the probable consequences for the control of the dynamics of microvillar cytoskeletal elements should be accommodated by future theories of microvillar biogenesis. PMID- 6663385 TI - Mucosal alkaline phosphatase and bile lipids in the gallbladder in cholecystitis. AB - Histochemically, alkaline phosphatase was localised in epithelial brush-border and capillary endothelium of the lamina propria in 41 gallbladders studied. Three distinct patterns of the brush-border enzyme distribution were observed, namely, complete delineation, patchy localisation and a brush-border totally devoid of enzyme activity. Where no histochemical activity was found, biliary chenodeoxycholate was 50 per cent. higher than in cases of patchy distribution and twice as high as in cases with complete staining of the brush-border. Conversely, biliary cholate levels were significantly higher in completely stained cases. Biliary cholesterol was higher in the cases with no histochemical activity and this was reflected in a significantly higher lithogenic index. Significant quantities of cholesterol esters were found in bile from the focal activity group only. Total alkaline phosphatase activity assayed in gallbladders from 112 patients with cholecystitis and/or lithiasis showed that activity was significantly lower in patients with pigment stones than patients with cholecystitis and/or cholesterol stones. This activity was not related to biliary lipid composition in the 77 bile samples analysed. This evidence indicates that biliary lipid composition is associated with the histochemical distribution of alkaline phosphatase in gallbladder mucosa. PMID- 6663387 TI - Methods to analyse the human genome. AB - There is much interest in the use of gene-specific probes for the study of dysfunction in human pathology. For the haemoglobinopathies, globin gene recombinants (either prepared from DNA sequences complementary to messenger RNA, or from genomic DNA) are used to determine whether globin genes are present, whether they are expressed in the nucleus, and whether they are correctly processed to give functional mRNAs. This has not only allowed a fuller understanding of the molecular aetiology of the thalassaemias, but also permitted antenatal diagnosis both by direct analysis of the gene lesion, and by linkage analysis using adjacent genes. Similar approaches are being applied to many other single gene defects. There are, however, other possible ways to study human hereditary disease using recombinants. It is now feasible to use random human chromosome-specific sequences to establish a linkage map for the entire human genome. Such a map may then be used either to determine the chromosomal localisation of any "single gene" phenotype by linkage analysis, or to study the contribution of different genes to a complex phenotype determined by several genes, as in multifactorial disease. PMID- 6663388 TI - The use of monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of intracranial malignancies and the small round cell tumours of childhood. AB - Panels of monoclonal antibodies have been assembled and been found, using immunocytochemical methods, to assist in the more accurate classification of intracranial neoplasms and the "small round cell" tumours of children. PMID- 6663389 TI - Differentiation and neoplasia. Invasion and metastasis; experimental systems. AB - In a series of six transplantable mammary carcinomas and 11 squamous cell carcinomas of mice, evidence of tumour "progression" was obtained in the majority. Progression was evidenced by increased growth rates, transplantability and metastatic capacity, and decreased differentiation and immunogenicity (when present initially). The degree of differentiation was inversely related to the metastatic capacity of a particular tumour, and the rate of change in both parameters during serial transplantation was comparable. Treatment with retinoids in vivo and in vitro failed to stimulate differentiation of anaplastic cell lines, or to influence their growth and metastasis in the absence of host anti tumour immune reactivity. PMID- 6663390 TI - Dormant metastases--studies in experimental animals. AB - Several experimental systems related to tumour cell dormancy are outlined together with some of the possible mechanisms by which the host might maintain tumour foci in such a quiescent state. PMID- 6663391 TI - Increased inflammatory reactivity in newly formed lining tissue. AB - The air pouch has been shown to provide a convenient model for studying the behaviour of synovial lining tissue. Air pouches of different ages were used to study the reactivity of newly developing lining tissue towards irritants known to cause inflammation. Pouches of 1 day in age were relatively inert in their reactivity as judged by the number of cells and volume of the exudate accumulating in the pouch. In contrast, 3-day-old pouches responded to a much greater extent, and 6-day-old pouches were highly responsive with a further increase in cell numbers and fluid volume. The different responses of 1-, 3- and 6-day-old pouches could be explained by (a) developing vascularity of the pouch, (b) formation of an organised lining of phagocytic cells, or (c) an increasingly organised mechanical barrier that retains the irritant and products of the inflammatory response. These studies of air pouch lining development permit a dissection of those components necessary for inflammatory reactivity of a lining tissue and may help explain the sensitivity of synovium to chronic inflammation. PMID- 6663392 TI - Presidential address: some reflections on the cost of health care. PMID- 6663393 TI - Correction of congenital hydronephrosis in utero III. Early mid-trimester ureteral obstruction produces renal dysplasia. AB - Is the renal dysplasia (RD) commonly seen in babies with urinary tract obstruction a developmental consequence of the obstruction or is it an associated embryologic malformation? We produced complete unilateral ureteral obstruction in six 58- to 66-day old lamb fetuses by clipping a silastic ring on the ureter. Three fetuses survived to term. All obstructed kidneys were not only grossly hydronephrotic but dysplastic by histologic criteria; ie, parenchymal disorganization, primitive epithelial structures, and marked fibrosis. The contralateral unobstructed control kidneys were normal. The changes were similar to those seen in the human neonate with obstruction and RD, suggesting that in this model RD was caused by obstruction to the flow of urine early in fetal development. PMID- 6663394 TI - Limited surgical intervention in the prune belly syndrome. AB - Experience with 16 males with prune belly syndrome reveals that half have done well without any surgical treatment. The authors felt that two patients had unnecessary loop cutaneous ureterostomies--and inappropriate operation for these children. Urethral obstruction was found in two boys. Four neonates died of severe renal dysplasia. Although the distal ureters are dilated, they adequately conduct urine and seldom need shortening, tailoring, and reimplantation. PMID- 6663395 TI - Experience with the MAGPI hypospadias repair. AB - Over a 9-month period, 25 consecutive patients with subcoronal hypospadias underwent hypospadias repair using the MAGPI technique. Only those patients with subcoronal lesions, and without chordee were included in this series. The mean age at the time of repair was 3 years with a range of 1.2 to 9 years. The average length of hospitalization was eight hours and the overall complication rate was 4%. The technical simplicity and reliability of this procedure as well as the excellent cosmetic and functional results which can be obtained make it an essential adjunct to our surgical armamentarium. PMID- 6663396 TI - A technique for radiographic cannulation and opacification of anatomical structures with small orifices--a new method. AB - A technique for the injection of contrast material into structures with small orifices which cannot be catheterized in the usual manner is described and illustrated. A small occlusion balloon catheter (Medi-Tech, Watertown, MA) allows for orifice cannulation and occlusion for retrograde contrast examination. PMID- 6663397 TI - Experience with the artificial urinary sphincter in children and young adults. AB - The artificial urinary sphincter (model AS 791-792), American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, Minn.) has been implanted in 41 patients (mean age 13.9 years) who were incontinent in spite of intensive efforts with other modes of management. Neurogenic bladder dysfunction is present in 34 patients. Seven patients have non neuropathic dysfunction of the bladder neck and urethra (3 with exstrophy/epispadias, 3 incontinent after multiple bladder and urethral procedures, and 1 incontinent after a pelvic fracture). Twenty-two patients have had intestinocystoplasty performed and 11 patients had previous urinary diversion. Mean follow-up for a given device is 23 months (range 6 to 47 months). Of these patients, 80.5% are totally or acceptably dry. Five patients (12.2%) were rated as fair, and three were failures (7.3%). Complications have been significant in that reoperation has been necessary in 16 patients. Indications for patient selection is emphasized. PMID- 6663398 TI - Normal intestinal length in preterm infants. AB - Measurements of normal intestinal length in preterm infants is necessary in planning postoperative management following major bowel resection for necrotizing enterocolitis and other surgical conditions. A prospective autopsy study of 30 stillborn and newborn infants varying in gestational age from 19 to 40 weeks was undertaken to correlate gestational age with measurements of intact small intestine and colon. Only cases falling between the 10th and 90th percentile for body weight on the intrauterine growth curve were included. Mesenteric attachments were divided and intestine measured along the unstretched antimesenteric margin. Overall intestinal length for infants between 19 and 27 weeks gestation increased from 142 +/- 22 cm (mean +/- S.D.) to 304 +/- 44 cm for a comparable group over 35 weeks gestation. Knowing that jejunum, ileum, and colon more than double in length during latter gestation may have value in estimating prognosis and planning treatment for many preterm "short-gut" patients previously considered to have inadequate remaining intestine for survival. PMID- 6663399 TI - Resection with primary anastomosis for necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - Primary anastomosis following the resection of bowel for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) can be done with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Twenty-seven patients are reported with three deaths. Primary anastomosis will avoid problems seen with small-bowel stomas. The concomitant ligation of a significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) should be considered for patients undergoing abdominal procedures for NEC. PMID- 6663400 TI - Treatment of congenital microgastria and dumping syndrome. AB - Two children with congenital microgastria and associated anomalies requiring surgery as infants, developed severe dumping syndrome which necessitated a remedial operation. A Roux-en-Y jejunal pouch (Hunt-Lawrence) was formed at 22 months and 10 months respectively. Weight gain was immediate in both patients and has been sustained for 6 months and 8 years respectively. Symptoms of the dumping syndrome were relieved and the pouch delays filling of the jejunum. PMID- 6663402 TI - Intestinal osmoregulation of single component meals in neonatal piglets. AB - The ability of the neonatal stomach and duodenum to modify the osmolality of hypotonic and hypertonic meals containing a single nutrient was studied in 3- to 5-day-old piglets. Test meals were administered through a gastrostomy and samples of gastric content and all proximal jejunal effluent were collected every 30 minutes for 2 hours. Hypotonic meals (149 mosm/L) and hypertonic meals (497 mosm/L) of glucose, crystalline amino acids, or lipids were used. Results were similar after all meals. There were significant changes in intragastric osmolality at each postprandial time period. However, osmolality never returned to basal levels. During duodenal transit there were further increases in osmolality after hypotonic meals and decreases after hypertonic meals but isotonic levels were never achieved. As a result, chyme of widely divergent osmolality entered the jejunum until late in the observation periods. Influx of sodium, potassium, and chloride were similar after all meals and were independent of original meal osmolality. These data indicate that, in awake, unstressed neonatal piglets, the stomach and duodenum are capable of effective but incomplete osmoregulation of hypotonic and hypertonic single component meals. PMID- 6663401 TI - Situs inversus: the complex inducing neonatal intestinal obstruction. AB - Situs inversus (SI) complicating neonatal bowel obstruction presents a challenging complex, and to facilitate rational decision making for treatment, we have reviewed 23 cases of abdominal SI seen in our hospital over the last 25 years. Preoperative roentgenographic studies most always predicted SI, the specific patient groups including: 12 abdominal SI with dextrocardia, 10 abdominal SI with levocardia, and 1 with partial heterotaxia. Major intraabdominal anomalies produced surgical emergencies in 7 neonates in the first year, 6 of these 7 being in the first month of life. In these 7 patients, multiple anomalies occurred including 1 child with a rotational anomaly with reversible ischemia secondary to midgut volvulus, and 4 with a rotational anomaly without volvulus, all being treated with a modified Ladd procedure. One of these children had an unrecognized intraluminal duodenal membrane, 1 an operatively diagnosed intraluminal membrane, 1 had annular pancreas, and 1 had a discontinuous jejunal atresia. A preduodenal portal vein was present in 4 of the 7 children, a branch being divided in 1 and the full vein bypassed in 2 of the other 3 patients. Two patients had biliary atresia, one of whom also had a diaphragmatic hernia. Five of the 7 neonates had associated major congenial heart disease accounting for 2 of the 3 deaths in this series. This review emphasizes the protean nature of abdominal SI, especially as it may cause or contribute to neonatal intestinal obstruction; and it is this understanding which is a prerequisite to optimal operative management. PMID- 6663403 TI - Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty as a secondary operation for the treatment of fecal incontinence. AB - Fecal incontinence is still a frequent postoperative sequelae in dealing with high rectal anomalies. Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) has been previously used in 87 cases as a primary procedure and allows full exposure of the anorectal region. Through this approach, full understanding of the anatomic damage is obtained and consequently a rational reconstructive plan can be designed in each case. Eight patients were operated on using this approach as a secondary operation. Surgical findings included anteriorly placed anus in all cases, a laterally misplaced anus in one of them, different degree of levator destruction in all of them, a missed portion of levator muscle anterior to the rectum and posterior to the urethra in one case, and variable degrees of megarectum in all cases. Reconstruction included tapering and replacement of the rectum and anus to surround them by striated muscle, reconstruction of levator mechanism, and repair of a persistent cloaca in one case. Postoperative assessment included a clinical as well as manometric and radiological evaluation. There were excellent results in five patients. Three patients showed significant improvement, including one patient with no sacrum. PMID- 6663404 TI - The anterior perineal approach for pull-through operations in high imperforate anus. AB - Recent widespread interest in a new approach to imperforate anus is ample testimony to the difficulty of the classical operations and to the unsatisfactory results. In the early seventies, Mollard began to use an anterior perineal approach to high imperforate anus as an alternative to the sacrococcygeal pull through. It entails a semicircular retroscrotal incision allowing direct access and visualization of the urethra and puborectalis sling. Since 1976 we have switched to the anterior perineal approach. We now have experience with 30 patients, 27 males and 3 females. Two of the females had complicated cloacal anomalies, and three teenage patients were reoperated for incontinence following previous unsuccessful pull-throughs. Of the 27 primary operations, there were 17 with an uneventful early postoperative course. There were two major and eight moderate or minor complications. There was no mortality. A 3-year follow-up is available in 14 patients. The results are good in 8, fair in 4 and poor in 2. The advantages of this technique are threefold: it allows clear visualization and precise identification of the puborectalis sling; the dissection proceeds parallel to and with constant vision of the urethra, avoiding injury to it; and it obviates the need to change the position of the patient during the procedure. This operation is easier and safer than the sacral approach, it avoids cutting through the puborectalis sling as recently described, and, finally, it respects the criteria established by Stephens. PMID- 6663405 TI - Anorectal continence following sphincter reconstruction utilizing the gluteus maximus muscle: a case report. AB - Rectal incontinence following pull-through procedure for high imperforate anus remains a difficult problem. Based on recent knowledge of the segmental neurovascular supply of the gluteus maximus muscle, the inferior half of the muscle on both sides was used for anorectal sphincter reconstruction on a 10-year old boy who was totally incontinent following a pull-through procedure for a high imperforate anus. The technique of constructing this sphincter is simple and utilizes principles of muscle tendon transfer without jeopardizing the function of gait. Furthermore, the gluteus maximus muscle, being an accessory muscle of anal continence, is an ideal structure for this reconstruction. Colostomy can be prevented with the use of good preoperative bowel preparation and a constipating program for 1 week postoperatively. The results are directly related to the success of the operative procedure, and the maturity and degree of motivation of the child to undergo bowel-control training. PMID- 6663406 TI - Conduit decompression in biliary atresia. AB - Catheter decompression of the bilioenteric conduit was routinely carried out coincident with stomal closure in 15 consecutive patients with biliary atresia after Kasai hepatic portoenterostomy operation. Postoperatively the catheter was systematically, gradually occluded over a 3- to 8-week period and then withdrawn. Complications were relatively minor and early postoperative cholangitis was avoided. PMID- 6663407 TI - Extended dissection of the portahepatis and creation of an intussuscepted ileocolic conduit for biliary atresia. AB - This paper introduces a new operation for biliary atresia that establishes successful biliary drainage by extending the portahepatic dissection, and decreases ascending cholangitis by incorporating a nonrefluxing intussuscepted draining conduit. An analysis of the postoperative results is presented. The usual dissection of the portahepatis is extended to include the area between and beneath the branches of the right portal vein to incorporate all potentially usable remnants of the intrahepatic ducts. Ascending cholangitis is decreased by interposing an intussuscepted ileocolic segment between the portahepatis and the abdominal wall. This extended dissection of the portahepatis was performed since 1978 in 15 infants with noncorrectable biliary atresia, and bile drainage was achieved in all. In ten infants an intussuscepted ileocolic conduit was constructed. Ascending cholangitis in these ten infants has been either completely absent or easily controlled by antibiotics. The draining bile was highly concentrated due to the water-absorbing capacity of the interposed colonic segment; therefore, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, which develop frequently in patients having jejunal conduits, have never been encountered. PMID- 6663408 TI - Plasma fibronectin levels after splenectomy and splenic autoimplantation in rats with and without dietary ascorbic acid supplementation. AB - The critical role of the spleen in protecting subjects from systemic bacterial infection is well known. Plasma fibronectin (PF), cold-insoluble globulin, and opsonic alpha2 surface binding glycoprotein, has regulatory influence on reticuloendothelial system clearance activity and it is important for maximal phagocytosis. Ascorbic acid (AA) also appears to play an important role in phagocytic cell function. The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of splenectomy and splenectomy with autoimplantation, with and without dietary AA supplementation, on PF levels. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four experimental groups of 20 animals each: Nonoperated controls, sham-operated controls, totally splenectomized animals, and splenectomized animals with intraperitoneal autoimplantation. Each group was further randomly divided into two subgroups of 10 animals, those receiving dietary AA supplementation and those not receiving AA. PF levels were measured with a colorimetric assay immediately prior to and at 4 and 8 weeks after operation. Plasma AA determinations documented the effectiveness of dietary AA supplementation. PF levels in nonoperated and sham-operated controls increased significantly during the 8 weeks of experimentation. In contrast, PF levels decreased significantly following total splenectomy from 328 +/- 46 mcg/mL (mean +/- S.D.) to 285 +/- 46 at 4 weeks and rose to 303 +/- 77 at 8 weeks postoperatively in non-AA supplemented animals. Splenic autoimplantation eliminated this decrease in PF levels at 4 weeks. AA supplementation also protected against the decrease in PF levels in the splenectomized group. In the intragroup comparisons, AA supplementation did not produce a significant elevation of PF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6663409 TI - Pulmonary resection for complications of cystic fibrosis. AB - Pulmonary sequelae account for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality of cystic fibrosis. Bronchiectasis, hemoptysis, and abscess formation are often not responsive to conservative medical therapy. Pulmonary resection in selected cystic fibrosis patients is safe and therapeutically rewarding. Eleven pulmonary resections in ten patients with cystic fibrosis were performed. Patients ranged from 2.5 to 19 years of age. Indications for resection were: (1) abscess and bronchiectasis (nine patients), (2) atelectasis and mass (one patient), and (3) life-threatening hemorrhage (one patient). Surgical resection was employed only for medically refractory lesions which were life-threatening or contaminated otherwise functional lungs. Resection was limited to the most severely diseased areas, sparing functional lung parenchyma when possible. In this series, 9 lobectomies, 1 pneumonectomy, and 1 segmentectomy were performed. Preoperative management included aggressive chest physiotherapy and postural drainage, rigid bronchoscopic lavage, and broad-spectrum parenteral antibiotics. All patients were extubated in the operating room immediately postoperatively. Tracheostomy was not employed. There were no perioperative complications. All patients experienced subjective improvement. Objectively, improvement following surgical resection included: decreased cough and sputum production, and decreased incidence of exacerbations of pulmonary infections. Limited pulmonary resection when combined with intensive preoperative pulmonary toilet is a safe adjunct in the treatment of bronchiectasis and hemoptysis secondary to cystic fibrosis. Pulmonary resection should be limited to only severely destroyed lung parenchyma which is refractory to medical management. In contradistinction to other authors we have not found tracheostomy a necessary adjunct in surgical management. PMID- 6663410 TI - High-frequency ventilation at rates of 375 to 1800 cycles per minute in four neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. AB - Neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH) often die because of pulmonary hypoplasia and high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Pulmonary hypertension and right-to-left shunting precedes progressive hypoxia and death. PVR is increased by acidosis and by high airway pressures. High-frequency oscillation (HFO) is a new technique which may improve the outcome for such infants. Gas exchange in HFO is achieved by directing rapid pulsations of small volumes of gas down the trachea, typically at rates greater than 200 cycles per minute, volumes less than 25% of dead space, and low airway pressures. Gas transport results from augmented diffusion, not from bulk flow. Four neonates with CDH deteriorated on conventional mechanical ventilation and required hand ventilation at rates above 200 per minute. HFO at frequencies from 375 to 1800 cycles per minute was then initiated using a flow-interrupter type of oscillator. A marked fall in PaCO2 and a rise in pH resulted. The elimination of CO2 was very efficient with low mean airway pressures (less than 15 mm Hg). The initial improvement during HFO probably resulted from a decrease in PVR due to reversal of the acidosis. However, all four babies died after 13 to 80 hours of HFO. Neonates with CDH who remain hypercapneic despite conventional mechanical ventilation can be successfully ventilated by HFO. Use of HFO produces respiratory alkalosis which may stabilize PVR in the normal range and improve survival rate. PMID- 6663411 TI - Distally placed transanastomotic drainage tube in the management of the severely leaking esophageal anastomosis. AB - Although anastomotic leaks following retropleural esophagoesophagostomies for esophageal atresia are usually followed by spontaneous closure, disruptions may be life-threatening because of inability to control oral secretions. This communication describes the use of a distally placed transanastomotic tube to control severe leakage in three patients. PMID- 6663412 TI - An improved technique for circular myotomy in long-gap esophageal atresia. AB - Circular myotomy has allowed the surgeon to establish esophageal continuity in early infancy in patients with long-gap esophageal atresia. This report describes the use of a #5 Fogarty balloon catheter, passed by the surgeon into the proximal esophagus to facilitate the myotomy. The catheter is passed through a pursestring suture placed at the tip of the proximal esophagus. The balloon is inflated to fill but not distend the lumen. The myotomy is performed approximately two cm proximal to the esophageal end and; upon its completion, it will provide 1 to 1.5 cm of additional length. The advantages of the surgeon placing the catheter into the esophagus include: complete control of the balloon size and position, and the ability to use the catheter to manipulate the proximal esophagus atraumatically. PMID- 6663413 TI - Indomethacin versus immediate ligation in the treatment of 82 newborns with patent ductus arteriosus. AB - In the past 10 years, echocardiography and prostaglandin inhibition have changed the management of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). To judge the results of our present management for morbidity and survival, we analyzed data retrospectively on 82 newborns who were treated from 1977 to 1983 for PDA. We compared their hospital courses and outcomes with a similar group of 45 infants reported by us 10 years ago who were treated by early ductal ligation. The 82 recent patients were divided into two groups, A and B. Group A, 62 consecutive newborns with PDA, was treated primarily with indomethacin. A subsequent group of 20 newborns was treated for PDA primarily with early ductal ligation, group B. There was a 67.8% survival in group A versus 66.7% in the original group of patients 10 years ago--no significant improvement in survival in recent patients using indomethacin. Group B, with early ductal ligation similar to the original patients, had a survival rate of 75%. We identified a group of high-risk infants under 1500 grams with severe RDS whose prognoses varied significantly, depending on the treatment. In the original patients 10 years ago, 41.2% of newborns under 1500 grams with severe RDS survived; 33.3% survived in group A whereas, 71.4% survived in group B. In this high-risk group, treatment for PDA with indomethacin had the worst prognosis, and treatment with ductal ligation combined with modern supportive measures had the best prognosis. PMID- 6663414 TI - Pleuroperitoneal shunts in the management of neonatal chylothorax. AB - Pleuroperitoneal shunts have been placed in five ventilator-dependent newborns with persistent chylothorax. The etiology of the chylothorax appeared to be secondary to superior vena caval obstruction in three patients and was idiopathic in the remaining two. Despite traditional therapies these infants were on a progressively deteriorating clinical course. Hakim-Cordis low-pressure ventricular-peritoneal shunt catheter systems were used in each infant. Ultrasonography was used to follow the regression of pleural effusions and to determine the need for shunt compression. Shunt patency was confirmed with radionuclide studies. Four of five infants had a complete resolution of their chylothorax and pulmonary insufficiency. Three of these infants were extubated within 28 days following the placement of the shunt. Nutritional and metabolic stability was rapidly achieved. The shunts were removed several weeks later without recurrence of the chylothorax. A fifth infant failed to improve after the placement of the pleuroperitoneal shunt and died of progressive pulmonary insufficiency. The placement of pleuroperitoneal shunts in infants with refractory chylothorax is safe, technically easy to perform, and is associated with few complications. PMID- 6663415 TI - The surgery of pulmonary artery "sling". AB - Two consecutive infants with pulmonary artery sling underwent successful surgical repair utilizing a median sternotomy for surgical exposure and adjunctive aortopexy. Bronchoscopy demonstrated severe tracheomalacia in both patients which was corrected under direct bronchoscopic control. Median sternotomy (rather than recommended left thoracotomy) provided perfect exposure of the pulmonary artery at its bifurcation thus permitting easy reconstruction of pulmonary artery. Aortopexy eliminated postoperative respiratory symptoms. Both patients are well. PMID- 6663416 TI - Surgical treatment of myasthenia gravis in childhood. AB - Myasthenia gravis is considered to be an autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular transmission. Thymectomy is an effective mode of treatment which produces either remission or stabilization of symptoms especially in young female patients with short duration of disease. The present study, records the experience in ten pediatric patients with early thymectomy done via the transcervical approach. There were no operative deaths or serious complications. Follow-up for a mean of 37 months has shown one to be in complete remission requiring no medication and eight to have improved or stable symptoms. Thymectomy via the transcervical approach is an effective mode of treatment for patients with myasthenia gravis. Since this approach involves a small dissection and avoids sternotomy, the transcervical approach results in a very short postoperative recovery period. It is ideal for those patients not in respiratory failure. It can also be safely done in patients requiring intubation for acute respiratory failure preoperatively. PMID- 6663417 TI - The lateral reservoir technique of ileal endorectal pull-through for ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis in children. AB - Total abdominal colectomy and endorectal ileal pull-through have been widely used in children as a definitive continence-preserving procedure for ulcerative colitis (UC) and familial polyposis (FP). Controversy exists in regards to the results achieved with the various techniques utilized to accomplish this procedure, including straight ileal pull-through, pull-through with balloon dilatation of the lower ileal segment, and the construction of a variety of ileal reservoirs: S-shaped, J-shaped, or lateral. We have utilized the two-stage lateral reservoir approach advocated by Fonkalsrud et al, on a total of 12 patients, aged 1 to 17 years, including ten patients with UC and two with FP. Twelve patients have undergone stage 1 and seven of these stage 2. Numerous complications of stage 1 occurred early in the series, including breakdown of the ileoanal anastomosis, 3 patients; cuff abscess, 2 patients; postoperative intestinal obstruction, 2 patients; and intraabdominal abscess, 1 patient. All have fully recovered. The last six stage 1 procedures have been without complications. Five of the seven stage 2 patients are now well, continent, and having four to six controlled bowel movements a day 1 to 2 years postoperatively. Two patients are using small amounts of Immodium and Metamucil. One patient has developed marked dilatation of the pouch at 8 months postoperatively with episodic "pouchitis" requiring operative revision and diversion. One stage 2 patient suffered numerous complications including spontaneous perforation of the reservoir 2 months postoperatively, eventually leading to re-creation of a permanent ileostomy and removal of the pouch. Five patients await further treatment. The lateral reservoir technique is capable of producing a satisfied and continent patient; however, the potential technical problems and early complications are significant. The occurrence of delayed "pouchitis" is worrisome. Although the initial results with the lateral reservoir technique appear encouraging, further longterm evaluation is necessary. PMID- 6663418 TI - Effect of prosthetic airway splint on the growing trachea. AB - Airway splints are now used clinically to treat tracheomalacia and may also have a place in the management of tracheal stenosis. These studies in 5 to 7 Kg piglets were designed to assess the effects of prosthetic airway splints on airway growth and to establish their usefulness in the reconstruction of tracheal defects. Three experimental groups were studied: group I (n = 8). Silastic reinforced Marlex mesh or Vicryl mesh prostheses were placed around 75% of the circumference of a 3 cm segment of trachea. Pigs were sacrificed at 4 months (average weight = 78.9 +/- 9.0 Kg) and the cross-sectional area of trachea was measured. Group II (n = 5). The same prostheses were used to replace the tracheal defect created by excising three rings (50% of tracheal circumference). Tracheas were examined grossly and histologically at sacrifice. Group III (n = 5). Same as Group II except tracheal defect covered by strap muscles. Prostheses placed external to them to prevent airway collapse. Group I had 4% to 14% (mean 8%) decrease from normal cross-sectional area of trachea at site of splint. No airway obstruction and no infection was encountered. Group II, severe airway obstruction, granulation tissue, and infection at site of defect was noted. Group III showed no signs of airway obstruction, no infection, and minimal airway narrowing. Re-epithelialization of the muscle surface in contact with airway occurred in all these animals. Silastic reinforced Marlex or Vicryl splints placed around the intact rapidly growing trachea do not significantly limit its growth. In addition, these synthetic materials appear to be well-tolerated when used to reconstruct tracheal defects if placed over well-vascularized tissue such as muscle. PMID- 6663419 TI - Loop colon rectovaginoplasty for high cloacal anomaly. AB - We describe a simple technique for simultaneous reconstruction of all three perineal openings, including a functional vagina, in a case of high cloacal anomaly. End-to-end stapled colo-vaginal anastomosis allows creation of both vagina and rectum from one loop of bowel. PMID- 6663421 TI - Congenital vascular lesions: clinical application of a new classification. AB - Two hundred and ninety-seven patients with 375 pediatric vascular lesions were followed from 1967 to 1981. By history and physical examination, 96% of childhood vascular lesions can be classified as hemangiomas or malformations. Hemangiomas are often not present at birth (40%), but make their appearance during the first month. A proliferative phase, lasting an average of 3 months, is followed by a slow, but eventually complete involution. A "perfect" cosmetic result is more likely when involution is complete before age 6. Malformations are always present at birth, their growth is commensurate with the patient's, and they never involute. Analysis of clinical characteristics fails to identify a subgroup of hemangiomas destined for early involution. PMID- 6663420 TI - Psychological evaluation of treated females with virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - The psychological development of females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) has been previously studied by Money, et al, who found that psychological development of sex identity was consistent with sex assignment despite virilizing adrenal hormones and abnormal external genitalia requiring surgical correction. In this study, using a variety of psychological tests, we assessed the sex dimorphic behavior, body image, cognitive functioning, and sex-role identity of nine patients ranging in age from 13 to 21, all treated with glucocorticoids and surgical correction. Four of the nine showed moderate virilization despite treatment. Psychological measures included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, the Draw-A-Person (DAP) and an interview with patient and family. Results indicate that patients fall within the normal expectable range for this developmental period in visual spatial and verbal cognitive functioning, in sex-role identity, and in social interpersonal early behaviors. In two areas of functioning these patients demonstrated some variance from the norms, specifically in sexual identity and early activity levels. This suggests that sexual identity and physical activity are most prone to hormonal and psychological impact but that cognition and sex role identity are not affected. Future studies of this sample will look at personality dimensions such as ego functioning, defense and affect to consider the impact of body image concerns and conflicts. PMID- 6663422 TI - Reduction of neonatal heat loss by an insulated head cover. AB - When exposed to a cool environment, the newborn infant responds by nonshivering thermogenesis. The increased heat production is at the expense of body fuel and energy stores. A significant quantity of heat is lost from the head because of its large surface area and the high metabolic activity of the neonatal brain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dry cranial heat loss could be significantly reduced by covering the head with highly insulated material, and to determine whether plastic lined hats decreased evaporative heat loss. A total of 46 fullterm and premature infants were studied. Hats insulated with material made of olefin and polyester reduced cranial dry heat loss by 73% and 63%. Plastic lined hats reduced evaporative heat loss by 68%. The insulated and lined hats proved to be a simple and safe method of effectively reducing dry and evaporative heat loss. PMID- 6663423 TI - Continuous monitoring of pH in the tissue mode: evaluation of a miniature sensor during acidosis and tissue hypoperfusion. AB - The in vivo performance of a 20G copolymer pH sensor, needlelike in configuration, was studied in the normal dog, and dogs made acidotic by the constant infusion of lactic acid, or by the induction of tissue perfusion defects. Sensors were placed at two extravascular sites in the leg, deep subcutaneous (pHe/sc), and intramuscular in the adductor (pHe/im). This pH sensor is a silver wire capped by a H+-specific polymer; it has a built-in reference system. Its electrochemical characteristics and in vivo performance are similar to those of glass pH electrodes. The continuously monitored values were compared with discrete arterial blood gas analyses at 10 to 20 minute intervals. The baseline values in 15 dogs under general anesthesia were: pH/art 7.331 +/- .042, pHe/sc 7.291 +/- .076, and pHe/im 7.265 +/- .102 (mean +/- SD; n = 45 observations each). During metabolic acidosis (lactic acid infusion), the direction and rates of change were similar in pHe/sc and pHe/im. Tissue perfusion defects were induced by moderate-to-severe hemorrhage (single or repeated bleeds) or operative shock (splenectomy and exteriorization of bowel). Both pHe/sc and pHe/im fell sharply, with a more gradual drop in pH/art. In those who survived after infusion of shed blood or dextran-40, pHe recovered rapidly. In the moribund, pHe continued to deteriorate. This pH sensor is a sensitive prognosticator of acid-base changes in the tissue. The in vivo drift is small: 0.008 pH per hour. The placement of the sensor via an intracath cannula in the subcutaneous tissue of the thigh is recommended.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6663424 TI - Jejunal mucosal graft for biliary tract disruption following traumatic trisegmentectomy of the liver. AB - A patient with near-fatal blunt trauma to the liver was subsequently found to have complete disruption of the left hepatic and common ducts. Establishment of biliary-enteric drainage by means of Roux-en-Y jejunal limb required the use of a specially designed Silastic transhepatic stent. This stent provided direct contact between the jejunal mucosal graft and the recessed left hepatic duct. Guidelines for biliary tract reconstruction are discussed. PMID- 6663426 TI - Pyloroplasty in infancy and childhood. AB - Twenty-nine children under 18 years of age underwent pyloroplasty alone or together with other abdominal operations during a 6-year period. The 21 males and 8 females ranged in age from 2 weeks to 17 years (mean, 54 months). Peptic ulcer disease was the indication for operation in only 6 patients, whereas 16 patients underwent pyloroplasty for functional or mechanical gastric outlet obstruction; 8 had the antral dysmotility syndrome. Other indications included colon interposition in five patients and gastric resection and esophagogastric devascularization in one patient each. Only five patients had concomitant vagotomy. Ten other patients with antral dysmotility syndrome were successfully managed medically. Follow-up ranged from 2 months to 6 years (mean, 30 months). Excellent catch-up weight gain occurred in over 90% of children with functional or mechanical gastric outlet obstruction, with the best results obtained in children with antral dysmotility syndrome. One patient had transitory dumping symptoms following colon interposition with pyloroplasty which remitted with diet changes. Two patients eventually died of the underlying disease (familial dysautonomia, gastric cancer). There were two major complications, respiratory arrest and wound dehiscence, each occurring following emergency operations for peptic ulcer disease. Pyloroplasty was effective in improving gastric emptying and produced minimal morbidity even in the absence of vagotomy. The indications for pyloroplasty in children are different than for adults. PMID- 6663425 TI - Stab wounds in children. AB - The Pediatric Surgical Service of Harlem Hospital Center admitted 75 children, 16 years-old and younger, with stab wounds since 1969. Rapid resuscitation and triage of children with major injuries directly to the operating room achieved 100% survival. Review of the circumstance of injury revealed that 75% of the stab wounds were inflicted by children and 66% were known to have been intentional. Social service and psychiatric intervention for troubled children and their families is essential and may decrease the risk of subsequent traumatic injury. PMID- 6663427 TI - Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection masquerading as an acute surgical abdomen. AB - Shunting of cerebrospinal fluid to the peritoneal cavity has brightened the outlook for children with hydrocephalus. Nine hundred sixty-nine primary ventriculoperitoneal shunts were inserted for hydrocephalus between 1970 and 1981. During this same period, 2205 shunt revisions were performed in 847 children, some of whose primary shunt had been inserted prior to 1970 or at other institutions. Nineteen patients with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection persented with abdominal pain, fever, and abdominal tenderness; each had acute peritonitis. Three underwent laparotomy with the preoperative diagnosis of appendicitis; however, only infected peritoneal fluid and nonobstructing adhesions were found. A fourth child underwent an unnecessary intestinal resection at another hospital and required prolonged nutritional support and treatment of severe postoperative complications. Fifteen children who presented with an "acute surgical abdomen" were managed with intravenous fluids, gastric decompression, antibiotics, and removal of the intraperitoneal shunt. External ventricular drainage was employed until the cerebrospinal fluid was sterile. The shunt was then internalized in the peritoneal cavity. The abdominal signs and symptoms improved after removing the peritoneal tubing in all children. This plan of therapy has eliminated unnecessary laparotomy in those who may require repeated procedures for control of hydrocephalus. PMID- 6663429 TI - Colitis cystica profunda. PMID- 6663428 TI - Antibiotic excretion into the bile. PMID- 6663430 TI - Spectrum of meconium disease in infancy. PMID- 6663432 TI - A Rorschach form-color percentage and reality testing in adult patients and nonpatients. AB - This study sought to investigate the sensitivity of a Rorschach form-color percentage (FC+%) on affective dysfunction and reality testing via a decrease in form quality. The mean FC+%s of 46 psychiatric patients representing borderline, manic-depressive, schizo-affective, and schizophrenic groups were compared with those of 12 nonpatients. Data analysis revealed that the mean FC+%s of all the clinical groups were significantly lower than the mean FC+% of the nonpatient group. The results support the FC+% as an index of affective dysfunction and as a viable supplement to Exner's comprehensive Rorschach system. PMID- 6663431 TI - Small bowel atresia and biliary atresia. PMID- 6663433 TI - The WAIS and Rorschach test in diagnosing borderline personality. AB - This study assesses the degree to which indicators from the Rorschach and the WAIS discriminate between the two groups of psychiatric inpatients diagnosed as having either borderline or psychotic personality organization by means of Kernberg's structural interview. A combination of WAIS scores focusing on the Picture Completion subtest, and Rorschach form level proved to be discriminators. These were interpreted as primarily reflecting reality testing. A linear combination of WAIS scale scores was identified that discriminated at least as well as the clinical WAIS-Rorschach comparisons. PMID- 6663434 TI - The psychodiagnostic value of children's earliest memories. AB - Examined the early memories of 94 boys, aged 8 through 11, with varying levels of psychopathology. Via a newly developed early memory scoring system, subjects were classified according to degree of presenting psychopathology at a highly significant level. The scoring system classifications were also more accurate than those made by experienced clinicians. The importance of scoring system structural variables in making adjustment/maladjustment decisions was emphasized. PMID- 6663435 TI - Homogeneous scales for the neurotic triad of the MMPI. AB - This study used item statistics for the nonduplicated items of the MMPI and the CPI to develop homogeneous scales for the neurotic triad (Hs, D, Hy) of the MMPI. The construction and partial cross-validation of scales were based on data from a predominantly clinical sample of 563 male subjects and 347 female subjects. Two non-overlapping scales of high internal consistency were developed which contained embedded subscales designed to be relatively independent of factor dimensions previously identified in the data. The first of the two scales comprised items exclusively related to health concern, and the second was a more concentrated measure of poor morale than the MMPI Depression scale. The nature of the revised scales was analyzed in relation to the standard MMPI scales and factor dimensions from previous research. Implications of the study for development of an hierarchical inventory were discussed. PMID- 6663436 TI - A psychodynamic approach to MMPI Interpretation. AB - An interpretive approach to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), based on a psychodynamic conceptual system, is presented. Scale elevations and configurations on the MMPI are viewed as reflecting the following dimensions of personality: (a) characteristic security and defense operations, (b) capacity to manage or tolerate anxiety, c) characteristic ways of dealing with aggression and hostility, d) stability of reality contact, e) quality of object relations, and f) level of psychopathology. Various MMPI profile configurations, and empirical research findings where applicable, are related to variations in personality functioning and psychopathology within each of these six dimensions. The interpretive approach described is consistent with the authors' belief that psychological assessment should go beyond the level of description and attempt to understand the individual in a more comprehensive and integrated manner. PMID- 6663437 TI - Sex differences in adjustment correlates of locus of control dimensions. AB - This study investigated the hypothesis that dimensions of locus of control are differentially predictive of adjustment criteria for males and females. Two samples of undergraduates completed the Reid-Ware Three-Factor Locus of Control Scale and either the Texas Social Behavior Inventory or the Zander and Thomas version of the Barron ego strength scale. For both males and females, internals reported greater self-esteem and ego strength. However, for males, the fatalism dimension was the strongest predictor for each adjustment correlate. The social system control dimension was not predictive for males in either case. For females, the social system control dimension was predictive for each adjustment correlate, although it was not consistently the strongest predictor. The results are consistent with research on sex differences in parental antecedents of locus of control. Methodological implications of the differential predictiveness of locus of control dimensions are also addressed. PMID- 6663438 TI - Delinquency and Jesness Inventory Scores. AB - Investigated validity implications of the Jesness Inventory for institutionalized male adolescent delinquents. This population showed deviant mean T scores on this inventory's Asocial Index (69.5) and on its Social Maladjustment (65.2) subscale. Scores on 4 of the 10 subscales, Social Maladjustment, Value Orientation, Autism, and Manifest Aggression, correlated positively (p less than .0001) with both frequency of prior arrests and number of previous institutionalizations. This pattern of significant relationship is consistent with research reported in other studies and it was concluded that the present results provide additional support for the research and diagnostic uses of this instrument in assessing adolescent social maladjustment. PMID- 6663439 TI - Two brief measures for assessing mental competence in the elderly. AB - Data on a brief mental status schedule (Memory Check) and a behavior rating scale of mental impairment (Functional Behavior Survey) are presented which support the use of these instruments in research and survey work with both community and institutionalized aged. Based on a factorially derived concept of mental competence, the two instruments showed a satisfactory relation to clinical judgment of degree of competence, and also to a composite measure of nine test measures commonly used in assessing mental competence. The sample consisted of 68 community and nursing home residents between the ages of 60 and 80 who ranged from those who were unimpaired to those judged clinically to be grossly mentally impaired. PMID- 6663440 TI - Possible antidotes in severe intoxication with fenitrothion in rats. AB - We investigated antidotal effects of nine drugs against acute fenitrothion poisoning in rats. The antidotal effects were evaluated by a relief from toxic signs, an increased survival ratio and a prolonged surviving time. In the poisoning with approximate LD50 fenitrothion (500 mg/kg), oximes such as 2-PAM (2 pyridine aldoxime methiodide) and TPMM (1-(methyl morphorinium)-3-(4 hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium) propane dibromide), diphenhydramine and parasympatholytics such as atropine, scopolamine and biperiden significantly increased survival ratio and/or prolonged surviving time. These effective drugs did not sufficiently depress the toxic signs, except that the parasympatholytics markedly blocked salivation, miosis and motor ataxia. In contrast, reduced glutathione and central depressants such as diazepam and phenobarbital made the poisoning serious. In the poisoning with 100% lethal dose of fenitrothion (800 mg/kg), the parasympatholytics were more effective than 2-PAM and diphenhydramine, and they elevated the survival ratio up to 20-40%. The best therapy against the severe poisoning with 100% lethal dose of fenitrothion was confirmed to be the repeated and combined treatment with atropine and 2-PAM as established in parathion poisoning, resulting in 90% survival ratio and considerable alleviation from the toxic signs. PMID- 6663441 TI - Metabolism of afloqualone, a new centrally acting muscle relaxant, in monkeys and dogs. AB - The disposition and metabolism of afloqualone [6-amino-2-fluoromethyl-3-(o-tolyl) 4(3H)-quinazolinone, AFQ] were studied in monkeys and dogs after oral administration of 14C-AFQ. In both species the blood radioactivity reached a maximum 1 to 2 h after the administration, and decreased with apparent half-lives of 3.2 h in the monkey and 7.2 h in the dog. A total of about 90% of the administered radioactivity was recovered from the urine (monkey, 72.3%; dog, 51.8%) and feces (monkey, 19.4%; dog, 36.7%) within 4 or 5 d. AFQ was extensively metabolized in both species. There were species differences in the composition of the urinary metabolites. In the dog, AFQ was monohydroxylated at the 2-, 2'-, 3'- and principally 4'-position and each metabolite was further conjugated with glucuronic acid. N-Acetylated metabolites were not detected. In the monkey, N acetylation was the main initial step of metabolism followed by hydroxylation at the acetyl-methyl, 2'-methyl and 2-fluoromethyl groups. Phenolic metabolites such as 3'- and 4'-hydroxylated AFQ were not detected. Both animals excreted sulfur containing metabolites such as the 2-methylthio, 2-methylsulfinyl and 2 methylsulfonyl derivatives of AFQ. PMID- 6663442 TI - Purification and characterization of two types of Cytisus multiflorus hemagglutinin by affinity chromatography. AB - Two hemagglutinins were separated from extracts of Cytisus multiflorus seeds by successive affinity chromatographies on columns of galactose- and di- N acetylchitobiose-Sepharose 4B. One was found to be inhibited by di- N acetylchitobiose or tri- N-acetylchitotriose and shown to possess anti-H(O) activity [Cytisus-type anti-H(O) hemagglutinin designated as Cytisus multiflorus hemagglutinin I]. The other, which was not a blood group-specific hemagglutinin, was inhibited by galactose or lactose (hemagglutinin II). Hemagglutinins I and II were further purified by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. These preparations were homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. The molecular weights of the purified hemagglutinins I and II were found to be 86000 by sedimentation equilibrium analysis and 80000 by gel filtration. On disc gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol, both hemagglutinins gave a single component of a molecular weight of 42000 +/- 2000, suggesting that these hemagglutinins are dimeric proteins of two identical subunits. Hemagglutinins I and II contain 2.7% and 1.5% carbohydrate, respectively, and only very small amounts of cystine and methionine were detected, but they are rich in aspartic acid and serine. Treatment of human O erythrocytes with a purified H-decomposing enzyme (alpha-L-fucosidase from Bacillus fulminans abolished the agglutinability of the cells with hemagglutinin I. This indicates that the L-fucosyl residue is important even for the H specificity detected by this di-N-acetylchitobiose-specific hemagglutinin I. PMID- 6663443 TI - Stimulative effect of Ba2+ on p-aminohippurate transport in rat kidney cortical slices. AB - BaCl2 stimulated significantly p-aminohippurate (PAH) accumulation in rat kidney cortical slices. The accumulation, however, was not stimulated by Sr2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+. Pretreatment of the slices with Ba2+ also increased PAH accumulation in the slices during incubation without BaCl2. Kinetical analyses of PAH accumulation showed that the effect of Ba2+ was to increase Vmax. No evidence for the effect of Ba2+ on PAH efflux from the slices was obtained. Thus, evidence indicating that Ba2+ stimulated PAH influx to the kidney cell was presented. Water distribution and energy metabolism in the slices were not related to the stimulative effect of Ba2+ on PAH accumulation. Ba2+ slightly lowered Na+ concentration in the slices. However, in the presence of ouabain, further addition of Ba2+ recovered PAH accumulation to a control value in spite of poor Na+ gradient as compared with that in control slices. Therefore, it is suggested that stimulation of PAH accumulation by Ba2+ was not due to changes in Na+ gradient. No stimulation of tetraethylammonium (TEA), an organic base, transport system by Ba2+ was observed. These data suggest that Ba2+ specifically stimulates the organic acid transport system in rat kidney cortical slices by increasing PAH influx to the cells. PMID- 6663444 TI - Reduction in the local tissue toxicity of chlorpromazine by beta-cyclodextrin complexation. AB - Effect of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD) on the local tissue toxicity of chlorpromazine (CPZ) was investigated following the intramuscular injection to rabbits. From the gross and histological examinations, beta-CyD was found to alleviate the muscular tissue damage produced by CPZ on M. vastus lateralis in rabbits. The protective effect of beta-CyD may be ascribed to the decrease in affinity of CPZ to the tissue membrane through inclusion complexation. The present data suggest that beta-CyD complexation is particularly useful to reduce the local toxicity of phenothiazine neuroleptics without altering the pharmacological efficacy. PMID- 6663445 TI - Effects and aftereffects of stressor expectations. AB - Is stressor exposure necessary to produce "stress" effects, or can these effects result from stressor anticipation alone? The present research explores whether it is possible to obtain "stress responses" during and after the period in which stressor exposure is being anticipated. In the first study, the expectation of submerging one's hand in ice water resulted in decreased frustration tolerance and increased blood pressure when compared with control groups not expecting this stressor. A second study replicated and extended these results to show that the expectation of control over the stressor ameliorates the negative impact of stressor expectation. The second study also examined the aftereffects of expectations. Particularly, it found that despite being relieved of the expectation that they would immerse their hand in ice water, subjects who had expected stressor exposure had decreased frustration tolerance when compared with either subjects who had expected a nonstressful procedure or those who had expected to have control over stressor termination. A third study, using noise as the expected stressor, replicated both the aftereffect of the anticipation period and the moderation of that effect by perceived control. The discussion (a) focuses on the implications of this work for understanding why aftereffects occur and (b) proposes that previously observed stressor exposure effects may in fact be postexpectation effects. PMID- 6663446 TI - The discrepant repressor: differentiation between low anxiety, high anxiety, and repression of anxiety by autonomic-facial-verbal patterns of behavior. AB - This study examined the notion that personality questionnaires can be used to predict different styles of coping with anxiety as expressed by individual differences in patterns of autonomic, verbal, and nonverbal reactions. In line with earlier modifications of the repression-sensitization concept, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS) and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (SDS) were used to select four groups of 12 subjects each from a pool of 206 male students in Germany: low-anxious subjects (low MAS, low SDS), repressors (low MAS, high SDS), high-anxious subjects (high MAS, low SDS), and defensive high anxious subjects (high MAS, high SDS). Several measures of autonomic arousal, facial activity, and self-reported affect were obtained during a potentially anxiety-arousing free-association task and during a number of control conditions, including a funny film. Significant differences in baseline-corrected heart rate and self-reported anxiety as well as rated facial anxiety all indicated that repressors exhibited a discrepancy between low self-reported anxiety and high heart rate and facial anxiety; low-anxious subjects reported an intermediate level of anxiety, although they showed low heart rate and facial anxiety; high anxious subjects had consistently high values on all three variables; and the defensive high-anxious group showed an intermediate level of anxious responding. These group differences were specific to the task of freely associating to phrases of mixed (sexual, aggressive, neutral) content (but not to other experimental situations) and to self-reported anxiety (but not to other self rated emotions or task difficult), indicating that they reflect individual differences in coping with anxiety. PMID- 6663448 TI - Type A and type B attentional responses to aesthetic stimuli: effects on mood and performance. AB - Recent investigations of the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern have found that Type A's focus their attention on a central task and actively inhibit attention to peripheral distracting stimuli. This attentional difference has resulted in greater performance for Type A's than for Type B's. However, research on aesthetic stimuli suggests that the focused attention of Type A's may not always be adaptive for solving frustrating cognitive tasks, particularly when paying attention to a peripheral stimulus could enhance performance by reducing negative emotions. Simple, predictable, aesthetic stimuli can have a soothing effect, which reduces negative emotions and enhances performance. The present study found that Type B's had improved affect and performance from attending to a soothing peripheral stimulus (simplex melodies) while working on a frustrating cognitive task. Neither the performance nor the affect of Type A's was influenced by the simplex music, because they apparently suppressed paying attention to these melodies. PMID- 6663447 TI - Social anxiety, sexual behavior, and contraceptive use. AB - Two hundred and sixty college students completed a questionnaire that provided information regarding their sexual experience, knowledge, and attitudes; their self-evaluations on dimensions related to sexuality; and their level of heterosocial anxiety (anxiety experienced in social interactions with members of the other sex). Compared with subjects low in heterosocial anxiety, highly anxious respondents were less sexually experienced, engaged in sexual activity less frequently, had fewer sexual partners, were less likely to have engaged in oral sex, expressed a higher degree of apprehension about sex, and had a somewhat higher incidence of sexual dysfunctions. In addition, low socially anxious women tended to use the pill, whereas highly anxious women preferred the condom. High and low heterosocially anxious respondents also differed on self-ratings related to their sexuality but did not differ in their attitudes or knowledge regarding sex. The results are discussed in terms of the cognitive, behavioral, and affective concomitants of social anxiety. PMID- 6663449 TI - [Thin film coating of solid substrates having complex surface structures by plasma-polymerized tetrafluoroethylene]. PMID- 6663450 TI - [Attempt at slow release of pharmaceuticals from solid drugs through a plasma polymerized tetrafluoroethylene coating]. PMID- 6663451 TI - [Reverse osmosis of a plasma-polymerized pyridine film and its initial changes]. PMID- 6663452 TI - [Antitumor activity and immunostimulating effect of culture filtrate of a marine bacterium, Vibrio anguillarum, in mice]. PMID- 6663453 TI - [Antibacterial peptide. 19. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of alpha acylpentapeptides containing basic amino acids. (8)]. PMID- 6663454 TI - [Quantitative study of protein-binding by high performance liquid chromatography: use of albumin immobilized on porous glass beads]. PMID- 6663455 TI - [Determination of serum trapidil by high performance liquid chromatography and its pharmacokinetics in asthmatic patients]. PMID- 6663456 TI - [Lambda-carrageenin-induced inflammation. 1. Circulatory disturbances and morphological characteristics following intrathoracic administration of lambda carrageenin in rats]. PMID- 6663457 TI - [Electromyographic quantification of muscle rigidity in rats caused by morphine and drug actions on the symptoms]. PMID- 6663458 TI - [Simple method for purification of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic methyl substituted benz(c)acridines]. PMID- 6663459 TI - [Method for detection of doping drugs in the horse urine containing polyethylene glycol by high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6663460 TI - [Interaction of theophylline with several aliphatic organic dibasic acids in a solid state]. PMID- 6663461 TI - [Pyridinol derivatives. (6) Synthesis and pharmacological activity of 4-(2 dialkylamino-1-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrido[3,2-b]-1,4-oxazin-3-one derivatives]. PMID- 6663462 TI - [Pyridinol derivatives. (7) Synthesis and pharmacological activity of 4-(2 dialkylamino-1-phenylethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,2-b]-1,4-oxazine derivatives]. PMID- 6663463 TI - [Pyridinol derivatives. (8) Synthesis and pharmacological activity of 4 phenylalkyl-2H-pyrido[3,2-b]-1,4-oxazin-3-one derivatives]. PMID- 6663464 TI - [Pyridinol derivatives. (9) Synthesis and pharmacological activity of 4 phenylalkyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,2-b]-1,4-oxazine derivatives]. PMID- 6663466 TI - [Application of Ti(IV)-4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol reagent to the assay of biological substances. A spectrophotometric determination of triglycerides in the serum using lipoprotein lipase, acyl CoA synthetase and acyl CoA oxidase]. PMID- 6663465 TI - [Ganoderma lucidum. (4) Effects on disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 6663467 TI - [Effects of the addition of biological antioxidants on the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction]. PMID- 6663468 TI - [Urinary PGE excretion in rats with experimental glomerulonephritic]. PMID- 6663469 TI - New era for nonprescription drugs. PMID- 6663470 TI - Moisture sorption kinetics for water-soluble substances. I: Theoretical considerations of heat transport control. AB - A model based on heat transport control was developed to describe the uptake of water on a deliquescent solid in an atmosphere of pure water vapor. The model assumes the presence of a saturated liquid film on the surface of the solid. The decrease in the vapor pressure of water over the surface, brought about by the colligative effect of solid dissolved in the liquid film, is effectively offset by the increase in temperature of the film (and the solid) caused by the heat released on condensation of the water vapor. The thermal transients die out quickly and a steady-state analysis is valid. At steady state the temperature of the liquid film (and solid) is that temperature at which the vapor pressure of water above the saturated solution is equal to the chamber pressure. Consequently, water uptake occurs at a rate that depends on the heat flux away from the surface. The water uptake rate, W'h, is constant at a given relative humidity and is described by an equation of the form W'h = (C + F) . ln (RHi/RHo), where C and F are conductive and radiative coefficients, RHi the chamber relative humidity, and RHo the relative humidity at and above which continuous water uptake (deliquescence) occurs. The model contains no adjustable parameters and can thus be directly tested against experimental results. PMID- 6663471 TI - Moisture sorption kinetics for water-soluble substances. II: Experimental verification of heat transport control. AB - The rates of water sorption as a function of relative humidity for water-soluble substances exhibiting deliquescence have been measured in an atmosphere of pure water vapor. The substances studied included a series of alkali halides, choline halides, and sugars. The results were compared with a theoretical model, previously described, which relates the rate of water uptake to the transport of heat produced during the process away from the surface. Taking into account the heat of water vapor condensation, heat of solution, and heat of hydration, when hydration occurs, the model allows excellent a priori prediction of water uptake rates as a function of relative humidity. PMID- 6663472 TI - Moisture sorption kinetics for water-soluble substances. III: Theoretical and experimental studies in air. AB - As an extension of the model of heat transport control developed for the kinetics of water sorption by water-soluble substances from an atmosphere of pure water vapor, equations have been developed to account for limitations of diffusion on mass transport of water vapor when air is present. Although the inability to determine the vapor diffusion layer thickness prevents using these equations to predict sorption behavior a priori, minimum water sorption rates can be calculated by assuming a diffusion layer thickness equal to the sample chamber radius. Combining heat transport and mass transport produces equations which describe very well the observed sorption by three water-soluble salts in one atmosphere of air. As in the absence of air, sorption rates are predicted and observed to be constant at a given atmospheric relative humidity. PMID- 6663473 TI - Quantitative determination of benzoyl peroxide by high-performance liquid chromatography and comparison to the iodometric method. AB - A selective high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure for the quantitative determination of benzoyl peroxide in pharmaceutical dosage forms is described. Benzoyl peroxide was dissolved or extracted in the presence of an internal standard, acenaphthylene. The specificity of the stability-indicating HPLC and iodometric procedures are presented for benzoyl peroxide. PMID- 6663474 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of diflunisal in plasma and urine: application to pharmacokinetic studies in two normal volunteers. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay with fluorescence detection has been developed for the determination of diflunisal in plasma and urine. The plasma or urine, containing naproxen as the internal standard, was extracted with ether-hexane (1:1). The samples were analyzed on a microparticulate column, and the compounds were eluted using a mobile phase of 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 3) and methanol. Plasma samples were analyzed from two healthy male subjects who received a 250- and 750-mg oral dose of diflunisal 3 weeks apart. The data were analyzed according to a two-compartment open model. There was a disproportionate increase in the area under the plasma concentration time curves (AUC 750 mg/AUC 250 mg was 3.84 for subject A and 4.22 for subject B) and a reduction in plasma clearance after the 750-mg dose of diflunisal. These data suggest that the kinetics of diflunisal may be dose dependent. PMID- 6663476 TI - Bioavailability of propylthiouracil in humans. AB - Single lots of five commercially available 50-mg propyl-thiouracil formulations were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Each product met the USP XIX specifications for drug content, content uniformity, and disintegration time. However, major differences were noted among products in their rate and extent of dissolution. Statistically significant differences (p less than 0.05) were observed in vivo among the drug formulations at all but one of the sampling times, as determined from crossover blood level studies in 12 healthy male volunteers. The differences among the areas under the plasma level-time curves for the various products were not statistically significant. No statistically significant correlations were found between the in vitro and in vivo parameters studied. PMID- 6663475 TI - Decomposition of thimerosal in aqueous solution and its determination by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Studies on the decomposition of thimerosal in aqueous solution have confirmed that thiosalicylic acid and ethylmercuric hydroxide are the initial products. On prolonged reaction, thiosalicylic acid was oxidized to 2,2'-dithiosalicylic acid, while ethylmercuric hydroxide was reduced to elemental mercury. As a result, a specific, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay has been developed for thimerosal in the presence of its decomposition products. By comparison, an existing colorimetric assay procedure employing dithizone was shown to be not fully specific. The presence of sodium chloride in the solution accelerated the decomposition of thimerosal. There was evidence that thimerosal was sorbed onto plastic containers on storage. PMID- 6663477 TI - Pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous liposomal triamcinolone acetonide in the rabbit. AB - The pharmacokinetics of triamcinolone [2-14C]acetonide, encapsulated in neutral multilamellar liposomes, and a control preparation of the steroid in a 3:1 solution of polyethylene glycol-water was investigated in the rabbit after single intravenous bolus injections. Blood samples were obtained at various times up to 7 hr postinjection and assayed for the drug by liquid scintillation counting. Blood drug concentration-time data showed biexponential decay and were analyzed by nonlinear, least-squares regression analysis to obtain the initial (time zero) drug concentration [(Cb)0] and the initial (fast, alpha) and terminal (slow, beta) disposition rate constants. From these estimates the central compartment volume (Vc) and the respective half-lives [(t1/2) alpha, (t1/2) beta] of the fast and slow disposition phases were calculated. The total body clearance (CLT) and the apparent distribution volume (Vd) were obtained by nonparametric analysis. Significant differences were observed between the liposome-encapsulated dosage form and the solution of the steroid in beta and Vd beta. While beta for the liposomal form was smaller than that for the solution, the apparent Vd was larger with the liposome-encapsulated drug. There was no difference in the total body clearance of the drug in the two dosage forms. Results of the study suggest that when administered by the intravenous route, liposome-encapsulated drug may exhibit extensive tissue distribution and a prolonged half-life. PMID- 6663479 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for etomidate in human plasma: results of preliminary clinical studies using etomidate for hypnosis in total intravenous anesthesia. AB - A sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed for the measurement of etomidate in human plasma following extraction of the drug and the internal standard. Using 0.5-ml aliquots of plasma, the assay was linear in the concentration range of 20-2000 ng of etomidate/ml of plasma. This method was used to evaluate a preliminary clinical study of an etomidate infusion regimen for hypnosis in a total intravenous anesthesia protocol in 23 patients. The average duration of the infusion was 30 min, and awakening and alertness occurred 20 and 36 min after the termination of the infusion, respectively, at the respective plasma concentrations of 297 and 214 ng/ml. These results and this assay will be used to design and evaluate an improved etomidate infusion regimen. PMID- 6663478 TI - Acrylic microspheres in vivo IX: Blood elimination kinetics and organ distribution of microparticles with different surface characteristics. AB - The elimination of microparticles from blood after intravenous injection is dependent on the surface characteristics of the particles. The half-life in blood increases from 44 to 84 min after modification of surface-localized human serum albumin with polyethylene glycol. Irrespective of the surface properties, particles are localized in the reticuloendothelial system, mainly in the liver and spleen. In preimmunized mice, the distribution of particles is somewhat altered, i.e., the liver and lung uptake is significantly higher in preimmunized animals than in untreated animals. The rate of phagocytosis of particles with different surface characteristics has also been studied in vitro with isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages. This technique gives a good correlation with the in vivo results; thus particles with a short half-life in mice are rapidly phagocytosed by the macrophages in vitro. PMID- 6663480 TI - Effect of inorganic additives on solutions of nonionic surfactants V: Emulsion stability. AB - Electrolytes often break emulsions to which they were added as active ingredients, adjuvants, or impurities. The stability of oil-in-water emulsions containing octoxynol 9 NF as the emulsifier and various added electrolytes was investigated by measuring droplet size, turbidity, and oil separation on storage at various temperatures and in a centrifugal field at 25 degrees. Electrolytes were added to hexadecane emulsions after emulsification (direct addition); alternatively, hexadecane was emulsified in octoxynol 9-electrolyte mixtures (reverse addition). Xylene emulsions were prepared by direct addition only. Hexadecane emulsions containing 0.10% octoxynol 9 were considerably more stable than xylene emulsions containing 0.60% because the surfactant is practically insoluble in hexadecane, but miscible in all proportions with xylene. An emulsifier soluble in the disperse phase as well as the continuous phase evidently forms less stable interfacial films. The electrolytes investigated were sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, magnesium nitrate, and aluminum nitrate, which salt octoxynol 9 in by complexation between its ether groups and their cations; sodium thiocyanate, which salts the surfactant in by destructuring water; and sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, which salt octoxynol 9 out. The addition of these electrolytes at concentrations up to 2 or 3 m to hexadecane emulsions produced fast and extensive creaming, little or no flocculation, no coalescence, and only minor changes in droplet size or turbidity on storage at room temperature. The extent of coalescence during centrifugation was actually reduced by the additives. Such stability is unusual. Droplet size and turbidity depended mainly on octoxynol 9 concentration. The greatest decrease in the former and increase in the latter occurred when the concentration was increased from 0.10 to approximately 0.4%. All emulsions became slightly coarser on storage at 25 degrees. Stability at 50 degrees was impaired by aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate and to a lesser extent by sodium sulfate and sodium chloride. Reverse addition emulsions differentiated better between the electrolytes than direct addition emulsions. Electrolytes salting octoxynol 9 in, especially by complexation, generally produced the finest and most stable emulsions. Similarly, xylene emulsions were destabilized more by the electrolytes which salted the emulsifier out than by those salting it in. Centrifugation of hexadecane emulsions at 7800 X g compressed the creamed emulsion layer into a plug of clear, transparent, isotropic gel from which coalesced hexadecane separated slowly on further centrifugation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663481 TI - X-ray structural studies and physicochemical properties of cimetidine polymorphism. AB - Four crystalline forms of cimetidine, three anhydrous (forms A, B, and D) and a monohydrate (form C), obtained by slow evaporation of aqueous solutions of varying concentrations were characterized by IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder patterns, dissolution rates in deionized water, and thermal analyses. Among the three anhydrous forms of cimetidine, form A was thermodynamically more stable than the others. The structural conversion of form C into form A on dehydration was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and X-ray powder patterns. The structures of forms C and D were determined using X-ray diffraction. Form D was of spirally curled conformation; it was linked in a head-to-tail arrangement with the neighboring molecules via intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the imidazole nitrogen and guanidine nitrogen atoms. Form C was characterized by its folded conformation due to the weak stacking interaction between the imidazole and guanidine moieties; there was stabilization by double hydrogen bond formation with neighboring molecules and via water molecules of crystallization. The dissolution rate constant in deionized water for form C was approximately 1.29, 1.70, and 1.90 times greater than those measured for forms A, D, and B, respectively. There was a similar relationship among the four forms with respect to the rates of inhibition of stress ulceration. Regarding the molecular conformations of the crystalline forms and the rates of inhibition of stress ulceration, the gauche orientation of the guanidine group relative to the imidazole ring would be the conformation necessary for effective binding to the histamine H2-receptor. The compactly folded conformation of form C appears to be optimal for binding to the active site of the receptor and for clinical efficacy. PMID- 6663482 TI - Volume shifts and protein binding estimates using equilibrium dialysis: application to prednisolone binding in humans. AB - Sizable volume shifts can occur during equilibrium dialysis. This net movement of water, presumably caused by the osmotic effect of plasma proteins, reduces the concentration of binding proteins. In this paper the theory of protein binding estimation is extended, equations are developed for calculating the unbound and bound drug concentrations at dialysis equilibrium by correcting for the dilution of the proteins, and the equations are applied to a study of prednisolone. To demonstrate the importance of correcting for the volume shift, the parameters of a model in which prednisolone binds to corticosteroid-binding globulin, a protein with a limited capacity, and albumin were estimated. Unbound and bound concentrations were determined by correcting for both volume shifts (average 31%) and loss of drug to the buffer side, by correcting only for loss of drug to buffer side, and by making no correction at all (the usual method of treating equilibrium dialysis data). The error introduced by neglecting volume shifts was analyzed by comparing the parameter values obtained using the three methods. The results confirm the need to adjust for volume shifts and imply that reported binding constants obtained by equilibrium dialysis may be in error for many substances. PMID- 6663483 TI - Direct determination of avermectins in plasma at nanogram levels by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - 22,23-Dihydroavermectin B1a (I) is determined in animal plasma over the concentration range 5-60 ng/ml by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV photometric detection. Prior to HPLC the sample is isolated by gravity-fed adsorption column chromatography on Florisil. The delta 2 isomer of I (designated as compound III) is used as an internal standard, and the conversion of I to this isomer by base hydrolysis is described. An accuracy of 2 ng/ml (mean deviation) and a precision in the range of 1-3 ng/ml (standard deviation) were observed for the method. The limit of detection is 2 ng/ml based on the background observed for normal cattle plasma. The method is applicable to bioavailability studies of I at usual therapeutic concentrations. PMID- 6663484 TI - Coil leads to helix transition in polyadenylic acid induced by the binding of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and isoproterenol: circular dichroism study. AB - A circular dichroism spectropolarimetric study on the conformation of polyadenylic acid (poly A) in neutral solutions demonstrated a coil leads to helix transition induced by intercalative binding of critical amounts of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and isoproterenol relative to poly A. Theoretical treatment of the experimental data indicated a first-order kinetic transition in poly A. It was possible to measure transition rate constants of the epinephrine poly A and norepinephrine-poly A systems and to calculate the activation energies. The results indicate a high level of temperature dependence of the rate constants. The effects can be reversed by increasing ionic strength, indicating the significance of the electrostatic interactions. The importance of the results is discussed in terms of the possible role of the catecholamines as control mechanisms for the poly A-regulated translation of the genetic code on mRNA. PMID- 6663485 TI - Stability of triamcinolone acetonide solutions as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A stability-indicating assay method based on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed for the quantitation of triamcinolone acetonide. The method was used to study the stability of triamcinolone acetonide in water--ethanol solutions of varying pH, buffer concentration, and ionic strength. The decomposition of triamcinolone followed pseudo-first-order law and was minimal at pH approximately 3.4. Above pH 5.5, the decomposition increased rapidly and was directly related to phosphate buffer concentration. The decomposition decreased with increasing ionic strength when the pH of the solution was greater than 7. Two new peaks corresponding to decomposition products were noted in the chromatogram; their ratio varied significantly with the composition of the vehicle. PMID- 6663486 TI - Comparison of aspirin and copper aspirinate with respect to gastric mucosal damage in the rat. AB - The copper salt of aspirin has been compared with aspirin in terms of damage to mucosal tissue. Using a protein-bound dye to highlight erosions, it has been found that copper aspirinate is at least as damaging as aspirin itself. This finding is not in agreement with previously published claims. Copper aspirinate produced more widespread superficial erosions and slightly less deep erosions than aspirin alone. Mixtures of the copper(II) ion and aspirin produced results similar to copper aspirinate, suggesting that the hydrolysis products of copper aspirinate, copper(II) ion and aspirin, together may be especially damaging to the mucosa. Copper alone was not damaging, but aspirin alone yielded intermediate results. Short incubation times produced only erosions (no ulcers), which were clearly differentiated into two classes by depth of color. Histological examination verified this classification into superficial and deep erosions. PMID- 6663487 TI - Effects of calcium and neomycin on phase behavior of phospholipid bilayers. AB - Calcium ion (Ca2+, 5 mM) caused a large upward shift in the transition temperature (Tc) of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol liposomes, apparently interacting with external and internal lipid in the bilayer. Neomycin (1 mM) caused only a small shift, apparently not penetrating the internal lipid domains. When liposomes were first incubated with Ca2+ followed by neomycin, the shift in Tc indicated displacement of Ca2+ by the drug. Liposomes of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine or distearoyl phosphatidylcholine did not interact significantly with either cation. In mixed dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol and distearoyl phosphatidylcholine-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol liposomes, addition of Ca2+ or neomycin resulted in phase separation. PMID- 6663488 TI - Quantitation of amikacin, kanamycin, neomycin, and tobramycin in pharmaceutical dosage forms using the Hantzsch reaction. AB - A spectrophotometric assay method for the quantitative determination of amikacin, kanamycin, neomycin, and tobramycin in pharmaceutical dosage forms has been developed. The method is based on the Hantzsch reaction, forming dihydrolutidine derivatives which can be measured spectrophotometrically. The excipients EDTA, phenol, sodium bisulfite, and sodium citrate do not interfere, while salts of ammonia do interfere. The relative standard deviations based on seven readings were 1.64, 1.88, 2.10, and 1.93% for amikacin, kanamycin, neomycin, and tobramycin, respectively. Assay results have been compared with microbiological assay results provided by the manufacturers. The assay method appears to be stability indicating. PMID- 6663489 TI - Michael-type reactions of tenulin, a biologically active sesquiterpene lactone. AB - The antitumor pseudoguaianolide tenulin has been exposed to a wide variety of biological and model nucleophilic reagents and has been shown to react exclusively with sulfur nucleophiles in a Michael-like fashion. The biological implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 6663490 TI - Quantitative determination of hexamidine isethionate in pharmaceutical preparations by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Hexamidine isethionate in various pharmaceutical formulations was analyzed quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography. The method is rapid, accurate, and precise. Excellent results were obtained from four commercial bases. PMID- 6663491 TI - Stability of mezlocillin sodium as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The stability of mezlocillin sodium solutions in water with either phosphate buffers or other ingredients used in intravenous admixtures (dextrose, fructose, and sodium chloride) has been studied using a stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic method. This assay shows a relative standard deviation of 1.42% based on six injections. The optimum stability was shown at an approximate pH of 4.8, and solutions in dextrose (5%) and sodium chloride (0.9%) were stable for up to 4 days at 25 degrees, 36 days at 5 degrees, and for 60 days at -10 degrees. When refrigerated, the solutions in 5% fructose and 10% dextrose were as stable as those in 5% dextrose. PMID- 6663492 TI - Practical solution to the Michaelis-Menten equation. PMID- 6663493 TI - Pan abrasion and polymorphism of titanium dioxide in coating suspensions. PMID- 6663494 TI - The effect of the canine popliteal node on the composition of lymph. AB - The composition of afferent lymph draining into the canine popliteal lymph node was compared with that of the efferent lymph leaving the node. Both the protein and cellular composition were studied. In twenty-five greyhounds the protein concentration of efferent lymph was greater than that of afferent lymph collected from the same limb. Although the absolute level of protein varied greatly between dogs, in a particular animal there was a constant ratio between the protein content of afferent and efferent lymph. The concentration of protein in efferent lymph was approximately double that of afferent lymph. Chromatographic analysis of lymph and the use of radio-iodinated canine albumin indicated that the reason for the increased level of protein in the efferent lymph is that the popliteal node concentrates the protein in afferent lymph. Afferent lymph contained less than 3 X 10(3) cells/ml; efferent lymph contained between 0.5 X 10(6) and 4.3 X 10(6) cells/ml, 98% of which were lymphocytes. In different dogs there was no correlation between efferent lymphocyte density and afferent or efferent protein concentration; however, when an afferent lymphatic was perfused with solutions of different protein concentration, the lymphocyte number in the efferent fluid became greater as protein concentration in the afferent perfusate was increased. The concentrating effect of the node is discussed in terms of its significance to both fluid balance and immunological surveillance. PMID- 6663495 TI - Effects of denervation on sodium, potassium and [3H]ouabain binding in muscles of normal and potassium-depleted rats. AB - K depletion leads to a selective loss of K from skeletal muscles, which is associated with a decrease in the number of [3H]ouabain binding sites. The significance of the nerve supply for these changes has been assessed in denervation experiments with K-depleted rats. In K-depleted rats (age 4-12 weeks) denervation led to a partial recovery of the K contents in soleus (46-77%), gastrocnemius (23%) and extensor digitorum longus (e.d.l.) muscles (19%) within 24 h. These effects were not prevented by beta-adrenoceptor blockade or mimicked by alpha-adrenoceptor blockade. In K-depleted rats the number of [3H]ouabain binding sites was not increased following denervation. In K-depleted rats 24 h of plaster immobilization of the entire hind limb caused 51% recovery of the total K content in soleus, whereas gastrocnemius and e.d.l. showed 49 and 16% recovery, respectively. Tenotomy for 3 h caused a rise in total K content of 33% in soleus muscles from K-depleted rats. Anaesthesia for 3 h increased the total K content by 23%. The recovery of K induced by denervation, immobilization in plaster, tenotomy or anaesthesia was associated with an equivalent decrease in Na content. Denervation performed before K depletion reduced the loss of K from soleus, but not from gastrocnemius and e.d.l. In both soleus and e.d.l. the number of [3H]ouabain binding sites, however, decreased to the same level as in the contralateral innervated muscles. Denervation reduced, but did not prevent, the increase in the number of [3H]ouabain binding sites seen after re-administration of K to K-depleted rats. It is concluded that the changes in Na-K contents seen after denervation in K-depleted rats are the outcome of cessation of muscle activity. The results give no support to the idea that the effects of K depletion on the K content and the number of [3H]ouabain binding sites in skeletal muscle are mediated by the peripheral nerves. PMID- 6663496 TI - Comparison of membrane electrical activity of cat gastric submucosal arterioles and venules. AB - Intracellular electrical recordings were made from arterioles and venules of the cat gastric submucosa. Spontaneous rhythmic fluctuations of the membrane potential were recorded in 54% of the venular preparations. Arteriolar cells showed no spontaneous activity. Excitatory junction potentials were recorded in arterioles but not venules after single shocks to the perivascular nerves. The amplitude of the excitatory junction potential was decreased in the presence of alpha-blockers. Repetitive stimulation of the perivascular nerve caused a biphasic electrical response of venular smooth muscle cells. The depolarizing component was decreased by alpha-adrenergic blockade and the hyperpolarizing component by beta-blockade. Venules contracted in response to smaller depolarizations than did arterioles. The voltage threshold for contraction of venular cells was similar to that for arteriolar cells but the venular cells were significantly more depolarized at rest than were the arteriolar cells. The difference in resting potential provides an explanation for the difference in sensitivity to electrical input. PMID- 6663497 TI - Ventral medullary relay neurones in the pathway from the defence areas of the cat and their effect on blood pressure. AB - In cats anaesthetized with Althesin, the efferent descending pathway from the brain-stem defence areas has been traced through the medulla by identifying sites at which electrical stimulation evoked the characteristic pattern of the visceral alerting (defence) response. This response includes an increase in arterial blood pressure resulting from increased heart rate and cardiac output and vasoconstriction in renal and splanchnic beds, accompanied by active vasodilation in skeletal muscle. The efferent pathway runs as a narrow strip, about 3 mm from the mid line, ventral to the superior olive and the nucleus of the trapezoid body, extending caudally to the rostral portion of the inferior olive where it lies ventral to the facial nucleus. It was found to lie very close to the ventral medullary surface just rostral to and within the area at which bilateral topical application of glycine results in a profound fall in arterial blood pressure and cessation of respiration. On bilateral application of glycine to the sensitive area of the ventral medulla, the visceral alerting response evoked by stimulation in the defence areas of the amygdalo-hypothalamic complex, or the mid-brain central grey or tegmentum, was attenuated in parallel with the fall in arterial pressure, the vasoconstrictor responses being most strongly reduced. As soon as arterial blood pressure had fallen to its lowest level the visceral alerting response was virtually abolished. A small radio-frequency lesion made in the ventral medullary efferent pathway, in the rostral part of the 'glycine-sensitive area', had the same effect as that produced by unilateral application of glycine: it resulted in little respiratory or cardiovascular effect itself, but application of glycine to the contralateral area then produced the full effect otherwise seen only on bilateral application of glycine. It is suggested (1) that the effects of glycine result from blockade of a synaptic relay, close to the ventral surface of the medulla, in the efferent pathway from the defence areas to the preganglionic sympathetic neurones, and (2) that the neurones which receive an input from the alerting (defence) areas normally provide an essential, tonic excitatory drive to the sympathetic output and probably to respiration also. After sudden withdrawal of this drive, vasomotor tone and the normal level of arterial blood pressure are not maintained. PMID- 6663498 TI - Sensitivity to stationary flashing spots of the brisk classes of ganglion cells in the cat retina. AB - The responses of brisk-sustained (X) and brisk-transient (Y) cat retinal ganglion cells to small stationary spots flashing on and off in their receptive fields were recorded. Response magnitudes were determined as the amplitude of the fundamental frequency component. At 0.5 and 8 Hz the sensitivity of brisk sustained cells is independent of the size of their receptive field centre, with the mean sensitivity at 0.5 Hz being 16% lower than at 8 Hz. At 8 Hz the sensitivity of brisk-transient cells is inversely proportional to the centre diameter of their receptive fields. The relationship is quite different from that found in brisk-sustained cells. The ratio of the sensitivity at 0.5 Hz to the sensitivity at 8 Hz can be used as a measure of the 'sustainedness' of a ganglion cell. Using this measure brisk-sustained cells show no change in their sustained nature as a function of eccentricity. In contrast, brisk-transient cells appear to become increasingly transient with eccentricity. Within the area centralis the sensitivities of brisk-transient cells at 0.5 and 8 Hz are very similar to the sensitivities of brisk-sustained cells, and hence they have a very obvious sustained component to a light flashed on and off at low frequency. These brisk transient units meet all other criteria of their class and so there can be no question as to their classification. PMID- 6663499 TI - Receptor potentials of lizard cochlear hair cells with free-standing stereocilia in response to tones. AB - Intracellular potentials were recorded with micropipettes from hair cells with free-standing stereocilia in the cochleae of anaesthetized alligator lizards. Wave forms of intracellular responses to click stimuli were classified into three types: hair cells, supporting cells, and untuned cells. We studied primarily the responses of hair cells to tonal stimuli. For most frequencies, f, and levels, P, of tone-burst stimuli, the response envelope of the receptor potential increases monotonically at the tone-burst onset, and decreases monotonically at tone-burst offset. Overshoot in the envelope of the response at the onset and offset of tone bursts is observed only for tone bursts of low f, high P, and short (approximately equal to 1 msec) rise/fall time. The steady-state response to tones consists of a positive (depolarizing) d.c. component, V0, plus a.c. components (e.g. a fundamental component, V1, second harmonic, V2, and third harmonic, V3). The magnitudes of a.c. and d.c. components are functions of f and P, and show three characteristics: frequency selectivity, non-linearity, and low pass filtering. The receptor potential is frequency selective. The frequency selectivity of V0 and V1 components was measured by means of iso-voltage (iso-V0 and iso-V1) contours. Iso-V0 and iso-V1 contours are V-shaped: the maximum sensitivity occurs at a characteristic frequency (c.f.). The shapes of these contours near the c.f. depend on the values of V0 and V1 at which the contours were measured and are sharper for lower values of V0 and V1. The mean slopes of the low- and high-frequency sides of these contours are: -45.0 and +85.1 dB/decade for iso-V0 contours (n = 26), and -33.6 and +103.8 dB/decade for iso-V1 contours (n = 28). The receptor potential has non-linear properties. The magnitudes and phase angles of V0, V1, V2, and V3 receptor-potential components were measured as a function of P for different f. The slopes of level functions (the dependence of log V0 and log magnitude of V1 on log P) were measured at low levels for different f. For values of f differing from c.f. by more than a half octave, the slope for V0 is between 1 and 2 with a mean of 1.3; the slope for V1 is about 1, i.e. magnitude of V1 increases approximately linearly with P. For frequencies near c.f., the slopes for V0 and V1 are approximately 0.8 and 0.5, respectively, indicating the presence of a compressive non-linearity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663500 TI - Frequency selectivity of hair cells and nerve fibres in the alligator lizard cochlea. AB - Receptor potentials of hair cells and spike discharges of cochlear nerve fibres were recorded with micropipettes from the free-standing region of the basilar papilla of anaesthetized alligator lizards in response to tones. In this region the hair-cell stereocilia are free-standing, i.e. they protrude directly into endolymph and are not in contact with a tectorial membrane. The frequency selectivity of hair-cell responses was measured by means of isovoltage contours of the d.c. (V0) and fundamental-a.c. (V1) component of the receptor potential, i.e. iso-V0 and iso-V1 contours. The frequency selectivity of the nerve-fibre discharge was measured by iso-rate (iso-V0) contours. Iso-V0, iso-V1 and iso-V0 contours are basically V-shaped with a characteristic frequency (c.f.) defined as the frequency at which minimum sound pressure (Pmin) is required to evoke the criterion value of the response. Receptor potential iso-V0 contours and neural iso-V0 contours have similar slopes: the mean slopes of the low-frequency sides (dB/decade) are -43.0 and -44.3; the slopes of the high-frequency sides are 85.0 and 80.2. The band widths of iso-V0 and iso-V0 contours away from c.f. are similar (mean values of Q30dB are 0.40 and 0.53, respectively). The band widths of iso-V0 contours near c.f. are narrower than those of iso-V0 contours (mean values of Q10dB are 2.34 and 1.20, respectively). However, the shapes of the contours near c.f. depend on the iso-response criteria, and we have not determined whether or not iso-V0 and iso-V0 contours are similar near c.f. The shapes of iso-V1 contours differ from those of iso-V0 and iso-V0 contours. Nerve fibre c.f.s are tonotopically organized in the nerve, with lowest c.f.s recorded from fibres innervating the border of free-standing and tectorial regions, a region in which hair-cell stereocilia are longest, and the highest c.f.s recorded from fibres innervating the end of the free-standing region in which hair-cell stereocilia are shortest. The c.f. of nerve-fibre response (and by implication hair-cell response) is, therefore, correlated with the height of the stereociliary tuft. The shapes of iso-V0 contours vary systematically with c.f. and, therefore, tonotopically with nerve position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663501 TI - Changes in electrical properties and quantal current during growth of identified muscle fibres in the crayfish. AB - The muscle fibre electrical properties, miniature excitatory junctional current (m.e.j.c.) and miniature excitatory junctional potential (m.e.j.p.) were studied during growth of an identified crayfish muscle fibre from a diameter of 20 to 400 microns. The specific membrane resistance (Rm), and the specific internal resistance (Ri), of the muscle fibre were independent of fibre diameter (d) during growth. The current-voltage relation has a similar shape in large and small fibres, indicating that voltage dependence of Rm does not change during growth. The input resistance (R0) was approximately proportional to d-1.5, as predicted theoretically. The specific membrane capacitance (Cm) and the membrane time constant (Tm) increased linearly with fibre diameter, apparently as a result of the contribution of the tubular capacitance to Cm. The decrease in R0 and the increase in Tm should have resulted in a 90-fold decrease in m.e.j.p. amplitude during growth of the fibre from a diameter of 20 to 240 microns. However, m.e.j.p. amplitude was found to decrease only 21-fold. This discrepancy was shown to result from an increase in m.e.j.c. amplitude and duration during growth. There was 2.9-fold increase in m.e.j.c. amplitude and a 2.7-fold increase in m.e.j.c. duration over the range of muscle fibre growth studied. This increase in the m.e.j.c. apparently results from an increase in the magnitude and duration of the synaptic conductance change produced by a quantum of transmitter. Throughout the range of muscle fibre diameters studied, the muscle fibre effective input impedance for the m.e.j.c. was 17-19% of R0. This is due to the relatively large Cm and the short duration of the m.e.j.c. PMID- 6663502 TI - Response to the length of moving visual stimuli of the brisk classes of ganglion cells in the cat retina. AB - Response histograms were collected for brisk-sustained and brisk-transient ganglion cells in the cat retina as narrow bars were moved backwards and forwards across their receptive fields. When a bar of fixed length was moved across the centre of the receptive field with contrast proportional to velocity, a constant response was obtained as long as the centre of the receptive field was crossed within the summation time. However, if the length of the bar was such that it extended beyond the centre, then there was a small but steady increase in surround antagonism for an increase in velocity. The same response was produced by a brief whole-field flash as by an extended bar moving across the receptive field at high velocity if both stimulus conditions delivered the same energy uniformly across the receptive field. With brisk-sustained cells it was observed, for small bar lengths, that bar length and contrast could be exchanged to give a constant response, even when there was considerable non-linearity in the over-all stimulus-response relationship. Thus conditions that resulted in constant stimulus flux produced a constant response. This property was seen at both high and low velocities for the majority of brisk-sustained units. The stimulus response relationship had a greater range of linearity at high velocities than at low velocities. From similar experiments with brisk-transient cells it was observed that bar length and contrast could only be exchanged to give a constant response at high velocities. At low velocities there was considerable non linearity: there appeared to be saturation of the response from local regions and it was necessary to extend the bar outside such a region to obtain an increase in response. At lower velocities, despite the changes seen in length-response curves under different conditions of contrast and velocity, the degree of surround antagonism remained constant for a given cell. Further, both brisk-sustained and brisk-transient cells showed the same degree of surround antagonism. PMID- 6663503 TI - Synaptic activation of phasic bursting in rat supraoptic nucleus neurones recorded in hypothalamic slices. AB - Using slices of rat hypothalamus (400-500 micron thick), intracellular and extracellular recordings were made of activity from eight-eight neurones in the supraoptic nucleus (s.o.n.). Electrical stimulation with single stimuli dorsolateral to s.o.n. was excitatory to fifty-nine phasically firing cells (67% of total, 95% of phasic cells). In intracellularly recorded cells, such stimulation reliably evoked excitatory post-synaptic potentials which often gave rise to action potentials. Trains of stimuli reliably triggered bursts of action potentials which continued after stimulation had ceased. Stimulation more dorsal or more lateral to the critical region or in the optic tract adjacent to the s.o.n. did not evoke responses. Stimulation dorsomedial to the nucleus produced only direct, probably antidromic, activation of s.o.n. neurones. Application of acetylcholine (ACh) by microperifusion in the s.o.n. region mimicked the effect of electrical stimulation by evoking prolonged discharge in eight of eight tested phasically firing s.o.n. neurones. Non-phasic, continuously firing neurones were either inhibited or unaffected by electrical stimulation in the critical region. The discharge pattern of unaffected cells (six cells) was not modified by locally applied ACh, although they were excited by local application of sodium glutamate. The excitatory, synaptically mediated, responses to stimulation in the dorso lateral region were blocked reversibly by the nicotinic blockers, d-tubocurarine chloride and hexamethonium bromide (in seven of seven cells tested), but were unaffected by the muscarinic blocker, atropine, even at high concentrations (two of two cells tested). Thus, this activation appears to be mediated by nicotinic receptors. In separate experiments with the position of stimulating and recording electrodes reversed, s.o.n. stimulation was effective in antidromically activating one cell of sixty-eight recorded extracellularly in the dorsolateral region. Some slowly firing s.o.n. neurones (less than 4 Hz) were inhibited by electrical stimulation in the same area in which phasically active cells were excited. In these cases, stimulation produced large summating i.p.s.p.s. and/or inhibition of ongoing activity for the duration of the stimulus train. These results support evidence from earlier studies that the cholinergic input to s.o.n. neurones originates from cells in its close proximity, and suggests this input to be via a monosynaptic pathway. PMID- 6663504 TI - Reduced activity during development delays the normal rearrangement of synapses in the rabbit ciliary ganglion. AB - The number of preganglionic axons that innervate individual ciliary ganglion cells has been investigated after cutting one or both optic nerves in new-born rabbits. In agreement with previous work (Johnson & Purves, 1981), ciliary ganglion cells in normal rabbits lose, on average, about one-half of their inputs from preganglionic axons during the first month of post-natal life. Although severing one optic nerve at birth abolished the subsequent appearance of the direct pupillary light response on that side, ciliary ganglion cells of normal neonatal rabbits are driven synaptically in the absence of direct retinal illumination when tested in vivo. This tonic activity persisted for at least 3 months after interruption of the optic nerve at birth. Thus neonatal optic nerve section reduced, but did not eliminate, synaptic activation of ciliary ganglion cells. Optic nerve section at birth delayed the elimination of synaptic connexions in the ipsilateral but not the contralateral ciliary ganglion. Through the first 4 post-natal weeks ciliary ganglion cells on the operated side had, on average, more than the normal number of inputs from preganglionic axons. By 8 weeks of age, however, the normal number of connexions was established in spite of the unilateral visual deprivation. The elimination of connexions in ganglia on the unoperated side followed a normal time course. The effect of bilateral optic nerve section on synaptic rearrangement was the same as the ipsilateral effect after cutting only one optic nerve. It is concluded that the rate of synaptic rearrangement in this ganglion is slowed by a chronic reduction of synaptic activity. PMID- 6663505 TI - Voltage-clamp study of the conductance activated at fertilization in the starfish egg. AB - Ionic currents underlying the fertilization potential of the egg of the starfish Mediaster aequalis were studied using a two-micro-electrode voltage clamp. Mature eggs were fertilized in vitro under voltage-clamp conditions. The fertilization current, here termed IF, was induced by adding sperm to sea water bathing the egg. At a holding potential of -70 mV, IF was inward. It reached a peak within 2 4 min and then decayed over the next approximately 20 min with a rate which depended on the holding membrane potential. Instantaneous current-voltage relations measured at different times during IF were approximately linear and reversed at a potential of +6.0 +/- 5.8 mV (mean +/- S.D., n = 11). Membrane chord conductance was highest at the peak of inward current and the declining phase of IF was due to a decrease in conductance towards the pre-fertilization level. When the membrane potential was rapidly stepped to levels more positive than about -45 mV, the conductance underlying IF decreased in a manner which depended on both membrane potential and time. The fertilization-specific conductance showed a sigmoidal activation curve between -50 and +10 mV with a half-activation level of -25 mV. Analysis of the steady-state voltage dependence indicated that at the peak of the fertilization potential (+10 to +15 mV) only 4 5% of the total available channels would be open. Current relaxations followed first-order kinetics and the relaxation time constant depended upon the membrane potential during the voltage pulse. The relation between the time constant and voltage was bell-shaped, decreasing at potentials more negative than -40 and more positive than 0 mV. Both the steady-state conductance-voltage relation and the kinetics of the current relaxations were consistent with a simple two-state gating model in which the probability of a channel being open is determined by a single gating particle with an effective valency of -1.7 moving through the entire membrane field. The shifts in reversal potential with changes in external Na (at 10 mM-external K) were analysed using the constant field expression, which gave a relative permeability of Na to K of approximately 0.6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663507 TI - Correlation of activity in neighbouring goldfish ganglion cells: relationship between latency and lag. AB - Pairs of retinal ganglion cells in the isolated goldfish retina were recorded simultaneously with a single electrode. Repeated flashes of light were delivered to evaluate the response latency of each of the units. The cross-correlation histogram for the maintained discharge of each pair of cells was examined, and its temporal relationships (lags) were compared with the differences in response latencies of the two units. There was a strong correlation between these measures; however, the differences between latencies were often at least twice as great as the lags. The differences between the times to the peaks of the responses of the two units were less reliably related to the lags of the pairs, although the correlation was positive and the differences in time-to-peak generally greater than the lags. The weaker relationship between the difference in time-to-peak and lag than between latency difference and lag is apparently a manifestation of a negative correlation between latency and rise time (from first response to peak). This indicates that cells with a longer latency compensate with a faster rise time. There was a negative correlation between the mean maintained rate of a neurone and its response latency. That is, cells with faster maintained discharge rates respond sooner than those with slower maintained rates. There was virtually no relationship between the lags or the differences in latency and the differences between the magnitudes of the responses to light. Thus, it is unlikely that differences in latency (or lags) could be attributed to unequal effectiveness of the stimuli for the two units. The relationship between differences in latency and lags did not depend on the response categorizations of the two units. Specifically, it did not matter whether the members of the pair were on centre, off centre or on-off centre; neither did it matter whether they were X-like or not-X-like neurones. Consideration of these data leads to the conclusion that there must be 'marked' pathways of differential conduction velocity through the retina. PMID- 6663506 TI - The effects of low sodium solutions on intracellular calcium concentration and tension in ferret ventricular muscle. AB - Papillary muscles from the right ventricles of ferrets were micro-injected with the photoprotein aequorin. Both tension and the light emitted by the aequorin, which is a measure of the free intracellular Ca concentration [( Ca2+]i), were monitored. Exposure of the papillary muscle to a solution in which all the Na had been replaced by K (0 Na(K) solution) resulted in an increase in tension which subsequently slowly decreased. This contracture was associated with a large increase in [Ca2+]i followed by a decrease to a steady-state-level which was often significantly greater than that in Na-containing solutions. If choline, Li or Tris was used instead of K as a substitute for Na, both the contracture and the associated increase of [Ca2+]i were reduced. The effects of depolarization alone (by raising external K at constant Na concentration) were compared with those of Na removal alone (at constant external K concentration). Na removal contributes more than depolarization to the effects of a Na-free, K-containing solution on the contracture and rise of [Ca2+]i. Increasing intracellular Na concentration [( Na+]i), by exposure to strophanthidin (10 mumol/l), increased the magnitude of both the contracture and [Ca2+]i in 0 Na(K) solutions. Conversely, decreasing [Na+]i by exposure to a solution containing a decreased extracellular Na concentration [( Na+]o), decreased the contracture and [Ca2+]i. When contractures were produced by solutions with various [Na+]o, the size of the resulting contracture and [Ca2+]i were inversely related to [Na+]o. No contracture was seen unless [Na+]o was reduced to below 70 mmol/l. A decrease in the extracellular Ca concentration [( Ca2+]o) from 2 to 0.5 mmol/l or an increase to 8 mmol/l produced, respectively, large decreases and increases of the twitch and accompanying Ca transient. However, if [Ca2+]o was changed at the same time as Na was replaced by K there was little effect on either the contracture or the rise of [Ca2+]i. If [Ca2+]o was changed before replacing Na by K then increasing [Ca2+]o from 2 to 8 mmol/l decreased, and decreasing [Ca2+]o from 2 to 0.5 mmol/l increased, the rise of [Ca2+]i produced by replacing Na by K. The difference between this result and that obtained when [Ca2+]o was changed at the same time as Na was removed may be due to changes of [Na+]i produced by prolonged exposure to an altered [Ca2+]o.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663508 TI - Does 'anchor sleep' entrain circadian rhythms? Evidence from constant routine studies. AB - Experiments have been performed in an isolation unit to investigate the effects of abnormal sleep-waking schedules upon circadian rhythms of renal excretion and deep-body temperature. In confirmation of previous work, nychthemeral rhythms appeared to be 'anchored' to a 24 h period if 4 h sleep was taken regularly each day, even though another 4 h was taken irregularly. The endogenous components were investigated by assessing circadian rhythmicity under constant routine conditions, that is, when rhythmic influences in the environment and sleep-waking pattern had been minimized. Analysis of the constant routine data indicated the presence of a rhythmic component which had been stabilized to a period of 24 h by the 'anchor sleep'. In addition, a delayed component was also present. The starting time of the constant routines produced a direct effect upon the rhythms, which was presumed to result from removing the 'masking' effect that sleep normally exerts upon rhythms. There was some evidence that the relative importance of the masking effect and the delayed component depended upon the variable under consideration. The implications of these findings, in terms of the effects of anchor sleep, the presence of more than one internal clock and the usefulness of constant routines, are discussed. PMID- 6663509 TI - Response to the velocity of moving visual stimuli of the brisk classes of ganglion cells in the cat retina. AB - Extracellular recording of the responses of cat retinal ganglion cells to narrow moving bars revealed systematic response variations with changes in stimulus velocity. These response variations were studied by collecting peri-stimulus histograms from brisk-sustained (X) and brisk-transient (Y) ganglion cells as narrow elongated bars were moved backwards and forwards across their receptive fields. Velocity-response curves were produced from plots of the amplitude of the main peak of the histograms as a function of velocity. The shape of these curves was found to be reasonably constant for both classes of ganglion cells. For a given cell, the peak of the velocity-response curve shifted to both a higher response level and a higher velocity as the stimulus contrast was increased. Within both classes of cells there was a systematic shift in the velocity response curve as a function of the size of the receptive field centre. For brisk sustained cells this was seen as an increase in both the response and velocity at the peak for larger centre sizes, while for brisk-transient cells it was an increase in velocity at the peak with negligible change in response. When the velocity required to produce a small criterion response was determined, there were distinct differences between the two classes of cells. When plotted on a double-logarithmic scale as a function of centre size the brisk-sustained cells had a slope of 2.00 while brisk-transient cells had a slope of 1.20. Within the area centralis brisk-transient cells responded more readily at high velocities than brisk-sustained cells. This was not the case in the peripheral retina, where both cell classes responded about equally at high velocities. PMID- 6663510 TI - Motor units in a fast-twitch muscle of normal and dystrophic mice. AB - Isometric contractions of motor units, isolated functionally by ventral root splitting were recorded from extensor digitorum longus muscles of normal and dystrophic mice of the strain C57BL/6J dy2J/dy2J. Motor unit tetanic tension was significantly lower and both time to peak tension and to half-relaxation of the twitch were significantly prolonged in dystrophic mice relative to age-matched controls. In control mice, motor unit tetanic tension averaged 4.98% of whole muscle tension, corresponding to twenty motor units. Two out of fifteen dystrophic mice exhibited an apparent decrease in the number of motor units, but the data from the remaining thirteen mice indicated no change in relative motor unit size, and hence in the number of motor units. The two mice in which changes were seen were the most severely affected and it is suggested that the apparent reduction in the number of units might be due to some units becoming so small as to be unmeasurable. No evidence was obtained for a population of units with normal characteristics within the dystrophic muscles. There was no clear relationship between tetanic tension and the time to peak tension or to half relaxation in units from control mice. In dystrophic mice, however, a significant correlation was seen. This possibly reflects two simultaneous effects of the dystrophic process, a loss of tension accompanied by slowing of the twitch. PMID- 6663511 TI - Energy metabolism and contraction force of human skeletal muscle in situ during electrical stimulation. AB - The quadriceps femoris muscles of nine volunteers were stimulated with intramuscular electrodes for 50 s. The stimulation frequency was 20 Hz and the voltage adjusted to produce an initial tension of 50-75% of the maximum voluntary contraction force. The force decreased after 25-30 s of contraction to reach a mean of 78% of the initial value after 50 s. During the stimulation up to four muscle biopsy samples were taken from each leg. The ATP turnover rate was initially 5.6 mmol kg-1 dry wt. s-1 and decreased during the later stages of contraction to 4.0 mmol kg-1 dry wt. s-1. The force declined at approximately the same rate as the ATP turnover during the contraction. The phosphocreatine (PCr) store decreased exponentially during contraction and was practically depleted at 50 s. Glycolysis began within 5 s after initiation of contraction. The rate of glycolysis measured as lactate accumulation increased with time throughout the entire contraction period. PMID- 6663512 TI - Calcium tail currents in voltage-clamped intact nerve cell bodies of Aplysia californica. AB - Calcium tail currents were measured in axotomized Aplysia neurones L2-L6 using a two-electrode voltage clamp and micro-electrodes of specially low resistance. Measurements were made at -40 mV following depolarizing pulses of 7 or 10 ms duration in the presence of 45 microM-tetrodotoxin and 200 mM-tetraethylammonium. Symmetrical currents were eliminated by addition of digitally stored current traces produced in response to equivalent hyperpolarizations. The remaining current, identified as a tail current, was blocked by replacement of extracellular calcium with cobalt or manganese. Computer fits showed that the tail current closely approximated the sum of two exponentially decaying components. The first had a time constant, tau 1, of 0.38 +/- 0.05 ms, which may have been frequency-limited by the speed of the clamp; the second had a time constant, tau 2, of 2.0 +/- 0.8 ms. A more slowly decaying third tail current component (tau 3 = 30 ms), which developed more slowly, may be related to the non specific current rather than the calcium current. The tau 1 and tau 2 components of the tail current lost amplitude with increasing pulse duration along an approximately bi-exponential time course that resembled the time course of relaxation of the calcium current during a prolonged depolarization. The slow third component of the tail current showed no such inactivation. The amplitudes of the first and second components of the calcium tail current both increased as sigmoidal functions of the test pulse voltage, reaching half maximum at +20 mV and plateauing above +60 mV. The voltage dependencies of the two components were similar. The rate of decay of the tau 1 component increased with increasing temperature and with increasing negative potential, whereas tau 2 showed little dependence on these parameters. The rates of decay of neither the tau 1 nor the tau 2 component were affected by large changes in the amplitude of the test depolarization or in the amplitude of the tail current or by injection of calcium ions or EGTA. Thus, the kinetics of the tail current as resolved under our conditions appear to be virtually independent of calcium-mediated inactivation. Activation time constants (tau m) predicted from tau 1 are 3 to 5 times longer than the values of tau m determined from the half-time to peak of activation. These kinetics are slower than those reported for Limnaea by factors of 2.5 to 3.5.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663513 TI - Vagal influences on the jejunal 'minute rhythm' in the anaesthetized ferret. AB - Spontaneous jejunal motility in the urethane-anaesthetized ferret shows a cyclical pattern of contraction bursts alternating with quiescent periods described as 'minute rhythm' in conscious animals. Cooling the cervical vagi to below 4 degrees C or acute vagotomy abolished this pattern of motility. On re warming the vagi there was a return to cyclical motility after a latency which depended upon the contractile state at the time vagal conduction was restored. Electrical vagal stimulation produced bursts of contractions at the same frequency as the spontaneous motility. Longer periods of stimulation gave rise to bursts of contractions interrupted by periods of relative quiescence, mimicking the spontaneous motility, despite the continuous stimulation. Following atropinization all spontaneous motility was abolished, but electrical stimulation of the vagi revealed a non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic response whose characteristics differed from that of the cholinergic response. It is concluded that the vagus plays a permissive role in regulating the jejunal 'minute rhythm' via a cholinergic pathway and that there is a second excitatory vagal pathway which innervates non-cholinergic post-ganglionic neurones whose functional significance and transmitter mechanism is unknown. PMID- 6663514 TI - Cardiac action potential duration and contractility in the intact dog heart. AB - The maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (DP) and action potential duration (a.p.d.) were measured in closed-chest anaesthetized dogs with atrioventricular dissociation and beta-adrenergic blockade. Right ventricular stimulation was carried out with protocols consisting of a conditioning 'priming' period and a test period. When a single test stimulus was introduced at varying intervals after the priming period, DP was found to be maximal at 800-1000 ms. With this single test stimulus fixed at the optimum, DP was found to be a variable inverse function of the a.p.d. of the same beat; no positive correlation could be found between DP and a.p.d. When a second test stimulus at the optimum interval was introduced after the first, the DP (DP2) was found to be strongly dependent on that elicited by the first test stimulus (DP1); the relationship was positive, linear, independent of the method used to vary DP, and independent of whether DP1 was depressed or potentiated. The slope of the relationship was less than 1.0 and the line passed through the point where DP2 = DP1; this is the point of continuous stimulation at the optimum interval in a steady state. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that the coefficient relating DP1 to DP2, at constant a.p.d. of the first test pulse (AP1), is an index of the proportion of the activator of contraction stored during relaxation of test beat 1 which is released again on beat 2. In order to test the hypothesis that the remaining contractility depended on the action potential of test beat 1, AP1 was varied by changing the intervals between the priming stimuli. In order to determine the relationship between DP2 and AP1 it was necessary to carry out multiple regression analysis because DP2 was already known to be strongly dependent on DP1 (point 3 above), i.e. DP2 = BDP(DP1) + BAP(AP1 - D). This analysis yielded highly significant positive values for the coefficients BDP and BAP. This result is compatible with the postulate that a.p.d. influences the amount of the activator of contraction entering the intracellular store, but that this activator is not available for release to the contractile proteins until the next depolarization. PMID- 6663515 TI - Plasticity in the binocular correspondence of striate cortical receptive fields in kittens. AB - The influence of visual experience on the correspondence in position and orientation of receptive fields in the two eyes of cortical neurones was studied. Kittens were reared viewing the environment through lenses that magnified the image by 9% in one direction (meridional size lenses) with axes of magnification oriented 45 degrees left and right of vertical for the two eyes. The unequal deformations in the two eyes produced gradients of position disparity and systematic variation of orientation disparity which could not be influenced by eye movements. Two types of arrangement of the lenses, producing opposite disparities, were used; each was worn by two kittens. The receptive fields of cortical neurones were studied in the four kittens aged 3-4 months. In the binocular cells, the positions of the response fields were plotted, and the preferred orientations determined, using automatic stimulus variation, quantitative analysis, and eye-drift correction. By means of regression analysis, the degree of 'interocular deformation' was assessed; a coefficient D was derived from the positions, an angle beta from the orientations. D specified the position incongruity as a fraction of retinal eccentricity, beta the difference between the orientation incongruities of cells with near-vertical and near-horizontal receptive fields. Both D and beta were found to be of opposite signs in the two groups of kittens, as predicted by the optical effects of the lenses. The difference in D between the groups was 0.197 (predicted: 0.172); the difference in beta was 17.0 degrees (predicted: 18.9 degrees). Thus, the difference in visual environment had been completely compensated by adjustments in the positions as well as the orientations of the receptive fields. Since D and beta are independent of the alignment of the eyes, the differences between the groups reflected different functional connexions at the cortical level. Possible advantages of plasticity for the development of binocular vision are discussed. It is argued that the plasticity demonstrated here reflects a more general property of cortical receptive fields. PMID- 6663516 TI - Life events and elevated blood pressure in young men. AB - The study group was recruited from a population of 18-yr-old men who were subjected to blood pressure screening. Subjects with blood pressure elevation from this group were compared with two samples from the same population, one normotensive and one hypotensive, with regard to self-reported life events. A detailed interview regarding life events during the total life span revealed no significant differences in total mean number of events between the groups. However, there were significant differences with regard to reports of positive life events. More positive events were reported during the later years in the hypotensive group. An analysis of particular events related to separation from family revealed no instances of reported divorce in the families of the hypertensive subjects in contrast to two divorces in the normotensive and four in the hypotensive families. The hypertensive group was divided into two subgroups, those who during an interview session showed consistent vasoconstriction--with more sustained and severe blood pressure elevation--and those who did not--with a less stable blood pressure elevation. These subgroups differed as to mean number of life events and life events perceived as negative. As a parallel to the findings in the main groups, the subgroup with more sustained blood pressure elevation had the smallest number of reported events. The psychosocial differences between the subgroups within the hypertensive group found in the present study is a further indication to the existence of different psychosomatic mechanisms operating. PMID- 6663517 TI - Behavioural changes following gastric surgery for morbid obesity: a prospective, controlled study. AB - The authors present results of a prospective, controlled longterm follow-up study of patients undergoing a gastric procedure for morbid obesity. Pre-operatively the gastric surgery group (GS) was compared with a group of normal weighted (NC) and obese (OC) individuals participating in self-help weight reduction groups. The GS group was assessed at 3-months, 6-months and one year or more post operatively. All groups were examined by a structured self-rating schedule reflecting personal characteristics and family history, current attitudes and experiences related to personal weight, and an extensive exploration of eating habits. Moreover, the groups completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the Katz Adjustment Scale and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale. The results demonstrated major differences between the GS and the NC and OC groups initially, and at follow-up; the GS demonstrated major weight loss without major psychopathologic reactions. The GS did not show, however, major alterations in eating habits, but clearly showed behavioural change subsequent to weight loss. PMID- 6663519 TI - The type A behaviour pattern and physique. AB - This study examines the possibility that Type A behaviour is related to physique, and thus, is secondary to physique as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Scores on a modified version of the 1966 Jenkins Activity Survey were correlated with a number of physical parameters. Age was found to have the highest correlation of -0.177. When the effects of age were adjusted for, only 7.1% of variation in JAS scores was explained by the body measurements used to define physique. In addition, when high and low scorers on the JAS were compared, no significant differences were found between the groups on any of the body measurements. Since this study found no significant relationship between JAS scores and physique, the results do not controvert the supposition that Type A behaviour is an independent risk factor for CHD. PMID- 6663518 TI - Personality and sexuality in relation to an index of gonadal steroid hormone balance in a 70-year old population. AB - Relationships between an index of gonadal steroid hormone function and personality as well as sexual activity were studied in a sample representative for 70-year-olds in Gotenburg, Sweden. Personality was described by means of inventories, sexual activity through a systematic interview and the balance between androgen and oestrogen activity by the quotient between lecithin and lysolecithin in plasma. Men with a relative dominance of oestrogen activity reported a lower frequency of sexual intercourse than other men. Women with a relative dominance of oestrogen activity described themselves as more resourceful, active, confident, unconcerned with the opinion of others, and able to take care of themselves than other women. There were no associations in women between the hormonal balance and the frequency of sexual intercourse. PMID- 6663520 TI - Temporal artery pulse amplitude wave shapes in migraineurs: a methodological investigation. AB - This paper describes three atypical wave forms observed in temporal artery pulse amplitude recordings. Analysis of concurrent EMG records showed that two of these wave forms, spikes and spasms, were associated with muscle changes and may be regarded as artefacts. The third wave form, double peak, was not associated with EMG changes and may represent a local vascular dysfunction. Double peaks were observed to occur more frequently in migraineurs and specifically at the site of pain onset. Explanations for double peaks are discussed. It is concluded that they indicate a dysfunction in the regulation of vascular tonicity. This dysfunction is described as variable tonicity. PMID- 6663522 TI - Measuring pain severity. PMID- 6663523 TI - Caisson disease of bone. The seed and the soil. PMID- 6663521 TI - Estimation of time as a measure of pain magnitude. AB - A new method of measuring pain is presented where the patient's estimation of time is used as a pain-related parameter. Pain patients experience a certain time period as increased when compared with pain free control subjects. The increase in time estimation correlates roughly with the clinical estimate of pain severity in different diagnostic groups. Successfully treated patients change their time estimation towards normal. It is considered that this method could be used to evaluate a certain patient's pain and the effectiveness of treatment in relation to the mean time estimate of other patients with the same diagnosis. PMID- 6663524 TI - Orbital tumours. A review of 34 cases. PMID- 6663525 TI - Propranolol in the surgical treatment of thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 6663526 TI - Surgically treated inflammatory bowel disease 1966-1980. PMID- 6663527 TI - Pancreatitis complicating intrabiliary rupture of hydatid cysts. PMID- 6663528 TI - Ginger and drug bezoar induced small bowel obstruction. PMID- 6663529 TI - Missed orthopaedic injuries in the resuscitation room. PMID- 6663530 TI - New thoracotomy instruments--rib bradawl and rib approximator. PMID- 6663531 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis without previous antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6663532 TI - Subphrenic abscess and salmonellosis. PMID- 6663533 TI - The health of welders in naval dockyards: final summary report. PMID- 6663535 TI - Case reports: peripheral cranial nerve injuries resulting from hyperbaric exposure. PMID- 6663534 TI - Unexpected sudden infant deaths in Gosport--some comparisons between service and civilian families. PMID- 6663536 TI - Abnormal morphogenesis of sea urchin embryo induced by UV partial irradiation given at cleavage stage. PMID- 6663537 TI - Radiation-induced alterations in succinate dehydrogenase activity in the muscle of pigeon. PMID- 6663538 TI - Effects of UV irradiation on embryonic development of different inbred strains of the fish Oryzias latipes. PMID- 6663540 TI - 241Am and plutonium in Japanese rice-field surface soils. PMID- 6663539 TI - Uranium isotopes in Hiroshima "black rain" soil. PMID- 6663541 TI - Discrimination of the plutonium due to atomic explosion in 1945 from global fallout plutonium in Nagasaki soil. PMID- 6663542 TI - Cell death in the developing rat cerebellum following X-irradiation of 3 to 100 rad: a quantitative study. PMID- 6663543 TI - The fecundity and fertility of Medaka exposed to chronic gamma-radiation in their embryonic stages. PMID- 6663544 TI - Effects of gamma-rays on the taste buds of embryos and adults of the fish Oryzias latipes. PMID- 6663545 TI - [Cortical fissures in Paget's disease]. AB - Cortical bone fissures in Paget's disease develop on the convex surfaces of the femur or tibia. They may be present in large numbers, but this is not related to the degree of diaphysial curvature. The presenting symptom is pain. The course is usually towards recovery though a total fracture may rarely occur. Degeneration is never observed. PMID- 6663546 TI - [Case of the month: median presellar tumor]. PMID- 6663547 TI - [Computed tomography of intracranial epidermoid cysts]. AB - Diagnostic criteria of intracranial epidermoid cysts were established from the observation of 15 cases, confirmed by pathology, seen during the last 5 years. Tumors could be divided into four groups: posterior fossa, supratentorial spaces, transtentorial and extradural. Regions of hypodensity associated with the irregular nature of the outlines of the lesion are generally sufficient to suggest the diagnosis in a pre-operative scan, but certain tumors may be isodense or, more exceptionally, spontaneously hyperdense. Contrast images are extremely rare, and are seen only at the periphery of the lesions. The "mass-effect" is remarkably discrete when compared with the tumor size, sometimes of very large proportions. PMID- 6663548 TI - [Real-time echography of the parathyroid glands]. AB - Real time ultrasonography of the neck, using a sectorial scanner with an ordinary 5 MHz transducer, was performed on 24 patients with hypercalcemia. 21 of them were suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism and 3 from a severe paraneoplasic hypercalcemia. There were 18 true positive, 3 false positive, 1 false negative and 2 true negative. The sensibility and the negative predictive value of the method are 83%. The specificity and the negative predictive value are 95%. The accuracy is 91%. Real time ultrasonography of parathyroid glands is possible with a sectorial scanner using an ordinary 5 MHz transducer and is systematically done, in our institution, before cervicotomy. PMID- 6663549 TI - [Percutaneous spinal and sacroiliac biopsies for diagnostic purposes]. AB - The history of puncture biopsy of the spine is outlined, and a current method using a vertebral disc approach described, including principles (premedication, instrumentation, and puncture techniques), treatment of biopsy samples, and indications and contraindications of the procedure. Results are presented and compared with those reported in the literature. PMID- 6663550 TI - [Granulomatous colitis presenting as ischemic colitis]. AB - The authors describe a case of granulomatous colitis mimicking a non gangrenous ischemic colitis. The radiological features are thumbprinting, ulcerations, then stenosis and sacculation. The resected specimen reveal some granuloma without necrosa. PMID- 6663551 TI - [A major complication of hysterosalpingography]. AB - The authors report in detail the observation of a patient who presented with urticaria and anaphylactic shock during hysterosalpingography. A review of the literature analyzing different accidents and incidents related to this examination, showed the rarity of such reactions. The authors insist, once more, on the necessity of always having the adequate material and drugs for early intensive treatment. These should be at hand whenever investigation with iodine contrast products are used, whatever the route of administration. PMID- 6663552 TI - [Radiology in Europe]. PMID- 6663553 TI - [Normal radiological aspects of a cemented total hip replacement]. AB - The authors draw attention to the normal radiological appearances and the minor complication which may affect a cemented total hip replacement. Knowledge of these appearances enables the radiologist to define his attitude to the patient as well as his remarks on the case. PMID- 6663554 TI - [Charnley type total hip replacement. Radiological technic of angular measurements of the acetabulum. Anteversion, inclination. Use of microcomputers]. AB - A trigonometric method for studying the anteversion of the acetabular portion of Charnley's prosthesis involves the use of standing anteroposterior and lateral pelvic films. Although a statistical analysis of results has not been conducted, the method was proved to be valid in thirty or so Charnley type total hip replacements, confirmation being supplied by operative findings when repeat surgery became necessary. PMID- 6663555 TI - [Myelographic diagnosis of radiculomeningeal metastases of carcinomas. Apropos of 10 cases]. AB - The authors report ten cases of intra-arachnoid metastases affecting the spinal cord and its roots. These cases illustrate all the myelographic appearances seen: multiple nodular appearances, striated appearance related to thickening of the roots, failure to visualise one or more root sheaths, filling defect of varying regularity preferentially seen in the dural cul-de-sac, but also in the terminal part of the cord associated with varying degrees of block. Myelographic technique is essential of they are to be visualised: water soluble opaque agents and tomography, if possible by complex scanning alone ensure accurate analysis of the roots. This type of involvement raises a pathogenic problem regarding the exact mechanism of such metastases. The prognosis is very poor despite treatment based upon radiotherapy and chemotherapy. PMID- 6663556 TI - [Metatarsophalangeal lesions of the diabetic foot. Radiologic outcome]. AB - Radiological evidence of progression of diabetic foot lesions was studied in 31 patients. Three types of progression could be distinguished: lesions became worse (16 cases), improved (8 cases), or fluctuated in extent (6 cases). Mechanisms of production of the lesions and their prognostic significance are analyzed. Progression of the lesion is usually the result of infection. Reconstructive therapy requires evidence of a satisfactory vascular integrity in patients with associated arterial and neurological disorders. A fluctuating course is a typical finding in diabetic osteoarthropathy. PMID- 6663557 TI - [Ultrasonographic study of retroperitoneal and abdominopelvic hematomas]. AB - A sonographic diagnosis was obtained in 33 hematomas encountered in conditions of emergency. Most hematomas were related to anticoagulant therapy. Most hematomas were located within the psoas muscle sheath, hematomas of the abdominal wall and Retzius'cavum. Follow-up examination of non operated hematomas show a progressive decrease of echogenicity. PMID- 6663558 TI - [Cecal pseudotumor and appendicular mucocele in cystic fibrosis. Apropos of a case]. AB - Fecal concretions adherent to the caecal mucosa and an appendicular mucocele may present as a palpable mass in the right iliac fossa. The authors report a case of a young man with mucoviscidosis who presented with these two signs and they propose a non-invasive diagnostic approach consisting of a plain X-ray of the abdomen, an ultrasound examination and a hypertonic, hydrosoluble contrast enema. Fecal concretions do not produce any specific features on the plain X-ray or on ultrasound but they are seen as a constant filling defect on the contrast enema and they may be evacuated with this technique, thus avoiding the need for surgery. The mucocele is rarely calcified on the plain abdominal film and ultrasound reveals a liquid contents. It should be treated by limited excision of the appendix. The discovery of an appendicular mucocele at any age should lead to the investigation for mucoviscidosis. PMID- 6663559 TI - [Castleman's pseudotumor. Apropos of a case with pelvic localization]. AB - The authors report a case of a pelvic site of a Castleman pseudo-tumour, still called angio-follicular hyperplasia or lympho-vascular hamartoma. This disorder of unknown aetiology may be situated anywhere along the lymphatic chains (70% of cases in the mediastinum). It is often associated with immuno-haematological disorders. Suitable for surgical treatment, the course is always favourable. PMID- 6663560 TI - [Bronchocentric granulomatosis. A new case and review of the literature]. AB - One the basis of one case, a review is undertaken of this recently described condition. The special interest of this case lies in its reticulo-nodular type radiological appearances and above all the presence of aspergillus within the lesions, rarely reported in non-asthmatics. PMID- 6663561 TI - [Fortuitous diagnosis by fine needle puncture under real-time ultrasound control of an atypical hydatid cyst of the liver]. AB - In a series of hepatic ultrasonically-guided fine needle aspiration biopsies performed in a Cancer Institution, the author reports a case, of accidental puncture of an atypical hydatid cyst of the liver in a woman referred for breast cancer. PMID- 6663562 TI - [Hemorrhagic complication following hepatic puncture biopsy. Value of echography]. AB - Ultrasonography allowed to diagnose in emergency an acute intraperitoneal bleeding complicating a percutaneous needle liver biopsy in a woman suffering from diffuse steatosis and to demonstrate the mechanism of bleeding by the visualization of the probable injury of a sus-hepatic vein. PMID- 6663563 TI - [Is the preparation of barium enema a sound preparation for echography?]. AB - Findings were compared of examinations in 50 patients not specially prepared and 50 patients placed on a non-residue diet and receiving pre-radiological preparation before barium enemas. Visibility of the pancreas and the global quality of images were improved in patients previously prepared, but not to a sufficient degree to justify its routine use. PMID- 6663564 TI - [A new technic of transperineal puncture of the prostate guided by real-time endorectal echography]. AB - The author reports a technique of ultrasonically-guided prostatic biopsy using a new transrectal linear array real-time transducer. The needle is inserted transperineally parallel to the probe towards the prostatic suspicious abnormalities disclosed by transrectal sonography. The needle is entirely visualized and its progression is accurately and safely monitored by a permanent real-time control. PMID- 6663565 TI - [Course of diaphyseal dysplasia. Camurati-Engelmann disease followed for 14 years]. AB - The authors report a case of a child with Camurati-Engelmann disease de Camurati Engelmann followed-up for 14 years. The diagnosis was made at the age of 5 years, with a typical picture. During the course of the disease, certain discordant facts emerged with, in particular, the appearance of osteoporotic lesions in the pelvis, metaphyses, epiphyses and skull. This led to the possibility of other diagnoses being envisaged but none could be made definitely. Furthermore, the osteoporotic lesions could not be explained by corticosteroid therapy which was taken in too irregular a manner. Is there a borderline disease within the broad definition of diaphyseal dysplasia? PMID- 6663566 TI - [Echography in the pretherapeutic evaluation of esophageal cancers. Apropos of 102 cases]. AB - A retrospective study was undertaken of abdominal echography in mode B with manual scanning in assessing the spread of 102 carcinomas pf the oesophagus. This showed echography to be reliable in the diagnosis of hepatic metastases (accuracy of method = 93%), ineffective in detecting coeliac lymph node involvement and specific in the recognition of fatty infiltration and steatofibrosis of the liver. However, with regard to hepatic metastases, the existence of false positives and false negatives, even few in number, was such that echography could not influence final decisions as to treatment. The authors feel that histopathological proof in doubtful cases by cytological puncture using a fine needle would avoid false positives and thus give echography its full value. PMID- 6663567 TI - [Echographic image of gallbladder partitioning. 8 cases]. AB - Correlations between ultrasonographic and pathological findings were studied in 8 patients presenting "partitions" of the gallbladder. These partitions were due to an acute cholecystitis in 7 patients. This ultrasonographic image appears to be a clinically significant valid finding of cholecystitis. PMID- 6663568 TI - [Value of gastroesophageal scintigraphy for the detection of gastroesophageal reflux in infants]. AB - 50 children with a strong clinical suspicion of gastroesophageal reflux and 10 control patients were evaluated with gastroesophageal scintiscans. 500 muCi a 1 mCi of Tc sulfur colloid mixed the patients' routine milk or formula feeding was administered and serial images of the abdomen and thorax were obtained. A positive scintiscan was found in 35 patients (sensitivity 70%) and none of the controls (specificity 100%). A comparison of findings in 34 patients referred for both radiographic and radionuclide studies showed that barium studies were positive in 38% and radionuclide in 64.7%. We found this examination to be more sensitive that the standard barium radiography particularly in patients with respiratory symptoms. We concluded that the GE scintiscan is complementary to barium studies in the diagnosis of GE reflux. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents was detected in only a case of the 35 patients with documented GE reflux. A T 1/2 emptying gastric longer than 90 minutes (linear calculation) or 105 minutes (exponential calculation) is an indirect GE reflux test. This procedure is simple, safe more physiologic than other available examinations. PMID- 6663569 TI - [Computed x-ray tomography in the study of 16 undifferentiated epitheliomas of the cavum nasopharyngeal type in children]. AB - CT scans were performed in 16 children with undifferentiated epitheliomas of the cavum nasopharyngis type. The CT scan provided the most precise data during initial investigations, especially clear information being obtained on any intra orbital or intracranial extension, which may occur without clinical signs. The scan is also a valid method for determining efficacy during treatment, and for the early detection of recurrences. PMID- 6663570 TI - [Echography of non-suppurative thyroiditis]. AB - The echographic results of 14 cases of thyroiditis (7 of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT), 5 of De Quervain subacute thyroiditis, 1 of lignous thyroiditis, 1 of Riedel's fibrous thyroiditis) were extracted from a consecutive series of 900 thyroid echograms and analysed retrospectively. Homogeneous hypoechogenicity, similar to that of surrounding muscles, was found in 12 cases. This hypoechogenicity affected all of the thyroid parenchyma diffusely in the 6 cases of CLT where it was present, and by contrast localised to a unilateral lateral or, more often, 2 bilateral lateral plaques, progressively blending with the residual parenchyma in SAT and lignous thyroiditis. Riedel's thyroiditis took the form of a large unilateral hypoechogenic but heterogeneous mass. Echography would seem overall to make a significant contribution in the diagnosis of thyroiditis: a diffuse hypoechogenic goitre is very common, though not an absolutely constant feature, in TCL. Bilateral lateral plaques of homogeneous hypoechogenicity are highly suggestive of a diagnosis of SAT. PMID- 6663571 TI - [Phlebography in recent injuries of the lower limbs. Its role in operative decisions]. AB - 67 patients were transferred to a traumatology centre within a mean period of 8 days following an accident in order to envisage treatment of their fractures. Routine pre-operative phlebography was undertaken in 37 patients. It detected the presence of thromboses in 46% of cases. Anticoagulant treatment was started immediately and the date of orthopaedic surgery delayed because of the risk of pulmonary embolism. PMID- 6663572 TI - [Deep lesion of the femoral artery and fracture of the femoral diaphysis. Value of selective embolization]. AB - The authors report a case of an osteosynthesized fracture of the femoral shaft with a lesion of the deep femoral artery revealed at a late stage by sudden appearance of a hematoma. A diagnostic arteriogram was performed, followed by therapeutic embolization: temporary hemostasis was achieved by the hyper selective injection of Gelfoam, thus allowing anti-coagulant therapy for associated venous thrombosis to be continued, without abnormal delay in bone consolidation. PMID- 6663573 TI - [Urographic signs of thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and renal veins]. AB - The case history of a 39 year old male with abdominal pain is described. Intravenous urography showed, during the late vascular period, collateral venous drainage around kidneys. Bilateral venous impressions on the ureters were observed at the excretory time. Inferior vena cavography and venous phase of selective renal arteriography confirmed the expected diagnosis of inferior vena cava thrombosis with bilateral renal vein involvement. Urographic signs of inferior vena cava thrombosis are discussed. PMID- 6663574 TI - The terminal P wave vector in lead V1 of the electrocardiogram in healthy young airmen. AB - The terminal P wave vector in lead V1 of the electrocardiograph (V1PTV) was abnormal in 93 (3.2%) of 3119 healthy recruits into the Royal Air Force of mean age 19 (SD 4) years. The inference that an abnormal V1PTV indicates left atrial enlargement should be made with caution in otherwise healthy young men. PMID- 6663575 TI - Factors affecting breast feeding--a comparison of two British Military Hospitals. AB - The current infant feeding practices of mothers who were delivered in two military hospitals, in England and West Germany were reviewed. The expected social class differences were found, but even among the lower social classes more mothers than previously reported were breast feeding their babies for at least six weeks post partum. Comparison of the mothers delivering in England with those in Germany gives some support to the view that antenatal influences were more important than postnatal education in determining if a mother would successfully breast feed. Parity, mode of delivery and length of stay in hospital had no effect on feeding. Maternal smoking was correlated with failure to maintain breast feeding, and as this association was found in all socioeconomic groups, it is suggested that smoking may have a direct effect on breast feeding. PMID- 6663576 TI - Expedition medical care--Army China Expedition 1981. AB - The planning and execution of medical care is described for a nine-man mountaineering expedition to China. PMID- 6663577 TI - Potential psychological problems of Army Medical Services personnel in combat with particular reference to the Territorial Army. AB - In the event of a major European war the Army Medical Services (AMS), of whom the majority would be drawn from the Territorial Army (TA), would be exposed to a unique combination of stresses. Ways of reducing the effects of these are discussed. PMID- 6663578 TI - Oestrus ovis ophthalmomyiasis in Cyprus. PMID- 6663579 TI - The radio-opaque appendicolith--its significance in clinical practice. AB - Four cases are reported, in whom radiologically opaque appendiceal coproliths (appendicoliths) were recognised on plain abdominal radiographs. These were undertaken for diagnostic purposes, in patients with right-sided abdominal pain, in whom the diagnosis was not immediately apparent. The pathology, radiological features, and clinical significance of the phenomenon are discussed, and the association of appendicoliths with appendiceal perforation and gangrene is stressed. The fact that clinical signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis are often misleading and sometimes minimal, even in the presence of severe local peritoneal infection is of importance to physicians as well as surgeons. PMID- 6663580 TI - An analysis of factors which contribute to admission of patients to medical wards. PMID- 6663581 TI - The biology, medical significance and control of processionary caterpillars. PMID- 6663582 TI - A quality-control procedure on cervical lesions for the comparison of cytology and histology. AB - A new method for the quality control of cytologic and histologic diagnoses of cervical lesions is based on the automated high-resolution scanning, image processing and computer analysis of cytometric data by the TICAS system. It determines and then compares optical-density-based ploidy patterns of cells in cytologic smears and the corresponding histologic sections, with the results available both as computer-graphic displays and printouts. Examples of the former appear for an "agreement case," in which the cytologic and histologic patterns corresponded, and a noncorrespondence (nonrepresentative) case, in which the tissue sample had been nonrepresentative of the lesion sampled by cytology. Computergraphic examples concern one case of condyloma and one of tissue repair, in both of which both the cytologic and histologic diagnoses had been overcalled. A further example shows the method's use in monitoring response to therapy. The DNA ploidy patterns on which this method is based can give diagnostic and prognostic clues when morphology alone may be equivocal or insufficient. The utility of ploidy pattern determinations of material from other body sites is also well established. With the use of microprocessors, the system described could be made inexpensive and operationally simple for the routine quality control of many cytopathologic studies as well as for the clinical follow-up of patients. PMID- 6663583 TI - Mesosalpingeal vessel ligation for conservative treatment of ectopic pregnancy. AB - Mesosalpingeal vessel ligation improves hemostasis during conservative tubal surgery for ectopic pregnancy. We used this method is a series of 39 patients to reduce the risk of recurrent hemorrhage from the fallopian tube. PMID- 6663584 TI - Unwanted pregnancy. A failure of contraceptive education. AB - One thousand consecutive women presenting for first-trimester abortion at a free standing clinic were interviewed with respect to contraceptive education and use. The vast majority had had some exposure to contraceptive information, yet more than half had not been using any form of contraception when conception occurred. More energy should be given to increasing women's motivation for using contraception. PMID- 6663585 TI - Infertility in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. AB - To evaluate the reproductive consequences of prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure, 33 infertile couples were studied in whom the female had been exposed to DES in utero. Infertility was attributed to uterotubal junction obstruction in 3 couples, anovulation in 7, endometriosis in 11, cervical obstruction in 2, adnexal adhesions in 2, oligospermia in 1 and luteal insufficiency in 3; in 4 couples no cause of infertility could be identified. No unique intraabdominal abnormalities attributable to DES exposure were observed. Four tubal pregnancies occurred in women with grossly normal oviducts. Nine of 11 women who had previously undergone surgical manipulation of the cervix (cryosurgery, cautery or conization) developed cervical stenosis, and 8 of them were found to have endometriosis. Despite our not having an appropriate referral infertility population for comparison, these findings are consistent with the following hypotheses regarding women prenatally exposed to DES: (1) surgical manipulation of the cervix more frequently leads to cervical stenosis and ultimately pelvic endometriosis, (2) tubal pregnancies may occur by a mechanism unrelated to salpingitis, and (3) the spectrum of problems causing infertility is similar to that in the non-DES-exposed population. PMID- 6663586 TI - Terbutaline in the management of acute intrapartum fetal acidosis. AB - A beta 2-mimetic agent, terbutaline, was used before full cervical dilatation in 10 of 18 cases of fetal distress evidenced by fetal scalp blood pH (FSB-pH) less than 7.25. A reduction in uterine activity with an improvement in the fetal heart rate trace was seen in all the cases. In addition, a significant improvement in FSB-pH, when compared with umbilical artery pH (p less than 0.05), was noted whereas there was no significant change in the untreated cases. An Apgar score of less than or equal to 6 at five minutes occurred in two of eight untreated patients but not in any treated patients. PMID- 6663587 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis. A disease in search of microbes. PMID- 6663588 TI - Acute pseudogout after oral glucose tolerance test. PMID- 6663589 TI - Spondylodiscitis in ankylosing spondylitis: variable presentations. PMID- 6663590 TI - HLA specificities and calcifying tendinitis (CT) of the shoulder. PMID- 6663591 TI - Regulation of metabolism of the chondrocytes in articular cartilage--an hypothesis. AB - Over a number of years, researchers in many laboratories have studied the changes occurring in an osteoarthritic joint. Most of these studies involved the biomechanical properties of the joint, biochemistry and physiology of cartilage as a whole tissue or at the cellular level. As the involvement of cartilage in the early stages of osteoarthritis is of focal nature, the results of these various studies have been conflicting. Until recently, the chondrocytes were not assigned a major role in the degradation of cartilage matrix. Instead, the matrix destruction was believed to occur by mechanical attrition. In this paper we discuss the changes occurring in the osteoarthritic joint and provide an hypothesis for understanding the interactions between inflammatory cells and the chondrocytes, leading to an altered metabolism of chondrocytes and loss of cartilage structure. PMID- 6663592 TI - Immunochemical analyses of components of immune complexes in the sera of patients with autoimmune diseases. AB - Immune complexes were precipitated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) from sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Precipitates were tested for their capacity to consume complement and for the presence of fibronectin (Fn) and specific autoantibodies rheumatoid factor (RF, anti-DNA). The results showed enrichment of autoantibody activity in the precipitates. In RA, RF was especially enriched in 2.5% PEG precipitates, while IgM anti-DNA activity was more evident in 3.5% precipitates. IgG anti-DNA antibody was detected only in 3.5% precipitates from lupus sera. Complement consumption activity of precipitates was mainly related to IgM autoantibodies. There was a strong correlation between the presence of RF activity and Fn in the PEG precipitates. Nephelometric studies revealed direct interaction between the Fn and IgM RF or heat aggregated gammaglobulin. It may be possible to monitor the serum levels of immune complex material using PEG precipitation. PMID- 6663593 TI - The mucin clot test and the synovial fluid rheumatoid factor as diagnostic criteria in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We evaluated the diagnostic usefulness of 2 synovial fluid (SF) tests viz the mucin clot test (MCT) and the rheumatoid factor (RF) test in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SF was obtained from 140 patients, 60 with RA, 80 with other articular diseases. The sensitivity and specificity of the MCT in RA were 76% and 49%, respectively; the positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were 52% and 73%. The sensitivity and specificity of SF RF were 63% and 91% respectively compared with corresponding values of 75% and 87% for serum RF; PPV and NPV were 89% and 69%, and differed little from values obtained for serum RF. Our results suggest that RA diagnostic criteria should be revised to exclude the MCT, and that the detection of RF in SF in addition to its determination in serum is unnecessary in establishing a diagnosis of RA. PMID- 6663594 TI - Judging "current disease activity" in rheumatoid arthritis--an international comparison. AB - Judgments of "current disease activity" made on "paper patients" (patient data presented on simple forms) reflect those made when seeing the real patients on whom the "paper patients" are based (R = 0.853) and furthermore are highly reproducible (R = 0.952). Judgments made on the same "paper patients" in a rheumatology department in the UK and one in Canada also correlate highly (R = 0.860) and this may reflect a common experience in the type of patients seen. Such general similarities between centers justify comparisons of more detailed analysis of clinical judgment using "paper patients." PMID- 6663595 TI - Effects of serum from patients with system lupus erythematosus on leukocyte cytotoxicity: modulation of NK activity and ADCC. AB - The ability of sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to alter the natural killer (NK) cell activity and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations from normal donors was determined employing 4-h 51Cr release assays. SLE sera significantly lowered the NK activity of both whole mononuclear cell populations (MN) (26 +/- 3% decrease) (mean +/- SEM) and lymphocyte enriched populations (24 +/- 5%) toward K562 targets when compared to results with sera from normal donors. The continuous presence of serum was not required for this effect since MN effector cells preincubated with sera and then washed also exhibited diminished NK activity. SLE sera decreased only slightly lymphocyte-mediated ADCC to either erythrocyte (human 0 + RBC) or tumor cell (human CEM T lymphoblast) targets. ADCC by isolated monocytes, however, was significantly diminished by SLE sera (54 +/- 5%). These data suggest that in patients with SLE, serum factors may be responsible for alteration of both NK activity and ADCC. PMID- 6663596 TI - The binding of DNA to native type II collagen. AB - The demonstration that free DNA binds to collagen suggests that the local formation of collagen bound DNA-anti-DNA complexes might be important in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune disorders. We explored the interaction of single and double-stranded DNA (ssDNA and dsDNA) with native type II collagen. Each of 6 sera, known to contain antibodies to dsDNA and ssDNA, was employed in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay as an antibody reagent for the detection of collagen bound DNA. Six sera without such antibodies served as controls. Our results indicate that significant binding of ssDNA (t = 3.22; p less than .005) and dsDNA (t = 3.06; p less than .01) to type II collagen occurs. PMID- 6663597 TI - Nailfold capillary microscopy in the connective tissue diseases: a semiquantitative assessment. AB - Nailfold capillary microscopy was carried out in patients with systemic sclerosis (58), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, 41), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, 27) and 27 normal subjects using a semiquantitative methodology. Mean enlarged capillary loop counts of greater than 2 were seen in 86% of the systemic sclerosis and 41.5% of the SLE but none of the RA patients or normals. Avascular changes were significantly more severe in systemic sclerosis. In systemic sclerosis the mean avascular score correlated with disease duration and tended to be higher in those with diffuse skin, pulmonary, cardiac and renal involvement. In SLE enlarged capillary loops were associated with Raynaud's phenomenon and less frequent renal involvement. Other morphological abnormalities observed were found to be entirely nonspecific. The technique employed was shown to be reproducible. PMID- 6663598 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis and granulomatous hepatitis: a new association. AB - There are no distinct hepatic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Granulomatous hepatitis has rarely been described in association with RA. We report 2 patients with RA who developed granulomatous hepatitis which appeared unrelated to drug use or other etiologies. PMID- 6663599 TI - Shrinking lung syndrome in SLE--a clinical pathologic study. AB - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed shrinking lung syndrome during the course of her disease is described. Postmortem findings of diffuse diaphragmatic fibrosis support the hypothesis of an extrapulmonary restrictive etiology in this unusual condition. PMID- 6663600 TI - Corticosteroid hormonal influence on cranial computerized tomography: observations in the Rhesus monkey. AB - Six adult male Rhesus monkeys (T), treated with 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone for 106 days, and 6 weight-watched controls (U), were studied postmortem with pathologic examination and cranial computerized tomography (CT). Cortical atrophy, as defined by perisulcal atrophy and ventricular dilatation, was found in 50% of each group, but marked changes were noted only among T. Adrenal, brain, and body weights were all lower among T (p less than 0.05). No significant histopathologic abnormalities were found. Our data suggest that CT changes of cortical atrophy may be caused by corticosteroid hormones alone, but are inconsistent and probably dependent upon individual susceptibility to the effects of corticosteroids. PMID- 6663601 TI - Branhamella catarrhalis septic arthritis. AB - An adult with spontaneous septic arthritis due to Branhamella catarrhalis is described and the literature reviewed. B. catarrhalis is an organism similar to the Neisseria species and has been implicated in a variety of systemic infections. As it is frequently resistant to penicillin, cephamycins or third generation cephalosporins may be the empiric drugs of choice for infections caused by this organism. PMID- 6663602 TI - Arthritis in childhood sarcoidosis. AB - A 6-year-old girl with arthropathy accompanying sarcoidosis is presented. Articular, cutaneous and ocular features of sarcoidosis were prominent in this patient. Indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells revealed both antinuclear and anticytoplasmic antibodies. To determine distinguishing features between children with sarcoid arthritis and those with nonarticular sarcoidosis, reported cases from these 2 groups were reviewed. The mean age of onset of children with sarcoidosis and arthritis (2.3 years) was significantly lower than that of those with nonarticular sarcoidosis (10.8 years) (p less than 0.01). Skin was affected in 12 of 15 children with arthritis but in only 75 of 229 without arthritis (p less than 0.001). Ocular involvement was present in 14 of 15 patients with arthritis and in only 91 of 229 without arthritis (p less than 0.001). Among children with sarcoidosis the triad of arthritis, rash and uveitis occurs almost exclusively in those with an onset age of less than 5 years. PMID- 6663603 TI - Lack of circulating immune complexes in uncomplicated erythema nodosum. AB - There is conflicting evidence in the literature concerning the role of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the pathogenesis of erythema nodosum (EN). We investigated the possible involvement of CIC in 20 patients with EN, the majority of whom had idiopathic or uncomplicated disease. Immune complexes were detected by 3 complementary radioimmunoassays (the Clq, the mRF, and the anti-C3 solid phase assays). During the presence of the skin lesions, the only abnormalities noted were elevated concentrations of CIC detected by the anti-C3 assay in 5 of the 20 patients. None of the patients had elevated CIC by any of the 3 assays after resolution of skin lesions. These observations do not support a significant role for CIC in the pathogenesis of idiopathic or uncomplicated EN. PMID- 6663604 TI - The coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis and giant cell arteritis. AB - Three cases of giant cell arteritis that developed in patients with known seropositive rheumatoid arthritis are described. The coexistence of these 2 conditions has been felt to be unusual. The diagnostic difficulties encountered when 2 such inflammatory conditions coexist are discussed. PMID- 6663605 TI - Isotype-specific measurement of rheumatoid factor with reference to clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgM rheumatoid factor (IgG RF, IgA RF and IgM RF) were estimated by means of the diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA), in 90 Waaler-Rose positive and Waaler-Rose negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients as well as in 60 controls. The presence of IgG and/or IgA RF was shown to be of high predictive value concerning the occurrence of systemic manifestations in RA. All RF isotypes measured were good indicators of the disease activity. PMID- 6663606 TI - Phagocytosis in patients with sickle cell disease. AB - Twenty sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, homozygous for sickle hemoglobin, were studied during asymptomatic periods. After clinical evaluation, several peripheral phagocyte parameters were evaluated. These were: ingestion rate, percentage of phagocytes with ingested particles, nitro-blue-tetrazolium (NBT) reduction rate, candidacidal activity; as well as serum levels of total haemolytic complement activity (CH50); third and fourth complement components (C3 and C4). Our data show a significant decrease of all studied phagocytosis parameters in the presence of sickle serum which indicate that asymptomatic SCD patients have basically deficient phagocytosis due to serum factors. Nine of the same patients were also evaluated during and after a painful crisis. Our results indicate that a painful crisis is not associated with further abnormalities of phagocytosis in SCD patients. PMID- 6663607 TI - The effect of hydrocortisone on PWM and LPS-induced immunoglobulin production in blood leucocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The effect of hydrocortisone (HC) has been investigated on PWM and LPS-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) production by blood mononuclear leucocytes (MNL) from normal donors and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the absence of HC, PWM stimulated Ig production in normal but not in SLE cells. In the presence of HC, the normal PWM response was greatly enhanced and a strong response was now seen in SLE. Spontaneous Ig production, which was higher for SLE-MNL, was not greatly affected by HC. A response to LPS was observed in both normal and SLE-MNL in the absence of HC and HC was now inhibitory, confirming that the mode of action of the 2 mitogens is different. It seems likely that HC acts by suppressing cells which influence mitogen responses, and the possibility that the principal target, at least in SLE-MNL, is the monocyte is discussed. The stimulatory effect of HC could be useful in the study of antigen-induced Ig production in SLE. PMID- 6663608 TI - Solubilization of immune complexes and inhibition of immune precipitation in SLE sera. AB - The ability of serum to in vitro process immune complexes both preformed (ICSC) and during their formation (ICPIC) has been evaluated in 37 patients affected by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ICSC was found to be significantly lower in these patients than in normal controls (p less than 0.001), and strictly related to the phase of the disease. Correlations were evidenced between ICSC and haemolytic activity of the classical and alternative pathways of complement, levels of the complement components C3 and C4, and incidence of circulating immune complexes. Low values of ICPIC were demonstrated almost only in sera of patients with active SLE; in fact, ICPIC was impaired in 6 sera only, and five of them were collected in the acute phase. All sera with decreased ICPIC also displayed a very low level of the C4 complement component. PMID- 6663609 TI - Effects of papain treatment of lymphocytes on the expression of their membrane surface markers. AB - Surface marker characteristics of normal and CLL lymphocytes were often considerably modified by treatment with papain. E-SRBC of normal lymphocytes were markedly increased while those of the CLL lymphocytes remained unchanged except in occasional instances. By comparison, EA gamma of normal lymphocytes were unaffected while those of the CLL lymphocytes were markedly increased in most instances. These changes were consistent with reclustering of these receptor sites induced by papain. EAC and E-MRC were destroyed in both groups but SmIg remained unchanged. PMID- 6663610 TI - Circulating anti-insulin receptor antibodies in a patient suffering from lupus nephritis and hypoinsulinemic hypoglycaemia. AB - A 46-year-old female patient suffering from Lupus Nephritis came to our attention in 1981 for severe recurrent hypoglycaemia; she was obliged to eat every 5-7 hr to maintain glucose values not below 1.3-1.6 mM. All known causes of hypoglycaemia were excluded by performing selective angiography of the pancreas and skull, chest and abdominal computerized tomography, as well as stimulation and suppression tests. Oral glucose tolerance, tolbutamide and intravenous insulin (0.4 U/Kg b.w.) tests demonstrated that the patient was highly insulin resistant; furthermore, studies on the patient's red blood cells suggested that her insulin receptors were completely unable to bind insulin. Studies carried out to reveal the reason for this binding inhibition demonstrated that red blood cells from normal subjects as well as adipocytes from normal rats incubated with the patient's serum did not bind insulin (50% inhibition occurring at about 1:30 serum dilution). Insulin binding inhibitors were found in the fraction of the serum precipitated by ammonium sulphate. The serum cleared of IgG fraction was unable to affect insulin binding. These data demonstrate that the serum from the female patient investigated contained anti-insulin receptor antibodies blocking the binding of insulin to its receptors. Plasmapheresis improved the patient's metabolic status. The clinical picture would suggest that recurrent hypoglycaemia was caused by anti-insulin receptor antibodies acting as insulin on target cells. PMID- 6663611 TI - A baby with Di George syndrome treated with bovine thymic extracts: a 3.5 yr analysis of variations in the distribution of lymphocytes characterized by three tests of cell mediated immunity and electrophoretic mobility. AB - This report concerns a baby with the features of Di George syndrome. Bovine thymic extracts prepared in this laboratory were used to treat the baby between the ages of 1 and 18 months. A favourable evolution of the illness was noticed, suggesting the diagnosis of Di George syndrome in its partial form and/or a favourable response to the treatment with thymic extracts. The number of E rosette forming T-lymphocytes in blood remained low during the 3.5 yr of the observation. The in vitro response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin and to allogenic cells slowly increased during this period of time. Surprisingly, no change in the proportions of lymphocytes of high electrophoretic mobility and low electrophoretic mobility was observed, in contrast to the gradual change usually observed in normal individual age-matched controls. PMID- 6663612 TI - Distribution of serum antibodies to wheat gliadin and bovine milk in atopic and non-atopic healthy adults. AB - Sera from 262 blood donors were tested against wheat gliadin and bovine milk antigens employing an ELISA system. 9.2% of the sera clearly contained antibodies, predominantly IgG but also including IgA and occasional IgM, reactive with either gliadin (11/262) or milk (13/262). There was no overlap between the gliadin and milk groups, and only one of these sera was also IgE-RAST-positive against wheat or milk. Five of 48 sera with raised IgE levels (greater than or equal to 100 iu/ml) were ELISA-positive against either gliadin or milk, a frequency comparable with that overall in this normal adult population. Six of these 48 sera with raised IgE levels were IgE-RAST-positive against wheat or milk, of which only one was ELISA-positive. These results have indicated that nearly 10% of normal adults have serum IgG/A/M antibodies to milk or gliadin, but that this population is separate from individuals (2.3%) who may be IgE-RAST positive to the same dietary antigens. PMID- 6663613 TI - Type A behavior: an ecological approach. AB - The recognized association between Type A behavior and coronary heart disease has prompted efforts to alter the behavior's deleterious components in both individuals who have experienced myocardial infarction and those who are at risk for that disease. Utilizing concepts from psychology, sociology, history, and other disciplines and material from scholarly and popular literature, this paper suggests that instead of singularly concentrating on components at the level of the individual, it is important to view Type A behavior from an ecological perspective, with attention directed at the interpersonal, institutional, and cultural environments of individuals. This perspective will enhance understanding of Type A behavior and possibly stimulate interventions at the primary as well as secondary and tertiary prevention levels. PMID- 6663615 TI - Nonverbal behavior of the type A individual. AB - Forty-one health professional students were videotaped during three consecutive conditions: a 5-min wait for a tardy interviewer, the structured interview for determining the Type A behavior pattern, and a 5-min relaxation period. Afterward, subjects were classified as Type A or B based on audiotapes of the interview. The total amount of activity and the frequency or duration of Type A behaviors were compared between Type A and Type B subjects. In all three experimental conditions, Type A subjects moved their arms more than Type B subjects. During both the waiting and the relaxation periods, Type A subjects sat still less and spent more time exploring than did Type B subjects. During the interview, Type A subjects gestured more frequently than Type B subjects. Nonverbal behaviors correctly identified behavior pattern in 71% of the subjects. The addition of nonverbal behaviors improved the discrimination of behavior pattern above that obtained from verbal behavior alone. The greater activity, restlessness, exploratory behavior, and gestures of Type A persons are consistent with the two major etiologies proposed for the Type A behavior pattern. PMID- 6663614 TI - John Henryism and blood pressure differences among black men. AB - A community probability sample of southern working-class, black men (N = 132) between 17 and 60 years of age was administered a scale to measure the degree to which they felt they could control their environment through hard work and determination. Since the legend of John Henry--the famous, black steeldriver of American folklore--can be understood as a cultural statement about how black Americans must often attempt to control behavioral stressors through hard work and determination, items for the scale were developed to reflect the theme of John Henryism. It was hypothesized that men scoring below the median on education but above the median on John Henryism would have higher blood pressures than any other group. The data were in line with the prediction, in that men who scored low on education and high on John Henryism had significantly higher diastolic blood pressures than men who scored above the median on both measures. Study findings are discussed in terms of the meaning that education and John Henryism may have for raising or lowering autonomic arousal when individuals encounter behavioral stressors in everyday life. PMID- 6663616 TI - Effects of hemodialysis on the cognitive and sensory-motor functioning of the adult chronic hemodialysis patient. AB - Twenty chronically dialyzed adults were administered a repeatable battery of 14 cognitive and sensory-motor tests on 3 consecutive days: immediately prior to their midweek dialysis, approximately 20 hr after their midweek dialysis, and again immediately prior to their end-of-the week dialysis. Serum electrolyte and methylamine analyses were performed at each test session. When compared to established norms, these patients scored within the normal range in a wide variety of areas. Limited impairments, probably due to peripheral neuropathy, were in evidence on the Grooved Pegboard, Finger Tapping (females), and Grip Strength (females) measures. Impairments suggestive of cerebral dysfunction were also noted on the Benton Visual Retention Test and on the Trail Making Test, Parts A and B, with particularly severe impairment noted on Part B. Despite significant daily changes in serum levels of toxic substances retained in uremia, there was little or no evidence to suggest that well-dialyzed patients undergo daily fluctuations in their cognitive and sensory-motor functioning. PMID- 6663617 TI - Predicting activity and satisfaction following cataract surgery. AB - This was the second in a series of studies intended to develop a method for predicting the degree of recovery and satisfaction of elderly patients following cataract surgery. Sixty-six patients (mean age, 68 years; 27 men and 39 women) completed an activity questionnaire and a series of walking, reaching, and hand eye coordination tasks 1 day prior to cataract surgery. An average of 6 months later, the patients completed the activity questionnaire and some of the motor tasks again and then made a four-point assessment of satisfaction with their recovery. Postoperative reaching, walking, activity, and satisfaction ere all positively correlated with scores on some of the preoperative tasks. Together with earlier published data, these data also show that patients report less postoperative activity after an eyeglass correction than after a lens-implant or contact-lens correction. PMID- 6663618 TI - Feedback modality and dimension in voluntary skin temperature control. AB - Ten male and ten female subjects were trained in the voluntary control of peripheral skin temperature, under four different conditions of feedback. These conditions were (i) visual proportional, (ii) visual binary, (iii) auditory proportional, and (iv) auditory binary. Results were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA and showed a significant effect attributable to dimension, with proportional displays promoting faster acquisition of control than binary displays. No differences were detected between the visual and the auditory modes or in gender identity. The importance of these results is discussed with reference to the present need for a taxonomy of feedback displays which would optimize the effects of feedback training in a clinical milieu. PMID- 6663619 TI - Giant cell arteritis causing brachial artery aneurysm in an eight-year-old child. PMID- 6663620 TI - Suicide attempt by toxaphene ingestion: a case report. PMID- 6663621 TI - Possible treadmilling in zinc(II)-induced sheet polymers of bovine brain microtubule protein. AB - We have examined the ability of zinc(II)-induced sheet polymers, formed from thrice-cycled bovine brain microtubule protein prepared in the absence of glycerol, to exchange with tubulin subunits at steady state. By a rapid filtration assay in which labeled GTP was used as a marker for tubulin addition and loss, we found that steady-state sheet polymers, formed in 0.5 mM-ZnCl2, 1 mM dithiothreitol, and 100 mM-2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (pH 6.75) in the presence of a GTP-regenerating system at 37 degrees C, incorporated the label in a time-dependent manner to a maximum level. The steady-state uptake of label was inhibited by colchicine, podophyllotoxin and vinblastine. In pulse-chase experiments, we observed that label added onto sheet polymers in a short pulse was retained for a period equal to that required by the polymers to become fully labeled in a continuous pulse; thereafter, the label was lost gradually to a baseline level. An average of 82% of the label was retained in the sheet polymers after a "cold" chase of equal duration to the time of the pulse. Sheet polymers assembled from microtubule protein prepared in the presence of glycerol gave similar results. Using a double-labeling procedure to analyze tubulin addition and loss simultaneously, we found that the rates of steady-state addition and loss were similar. Sheet polymers retained their structural integrity throughout these experiments, as determined by electron microscopy. We believe that the data are consistent with a "treadmilling" mechanism of polymerization and depolymerization, analogous to that documented to occur in steady-state microtubules in vitro. Such a mechanism is discussed in the context of recent findings from structural studies, and a model consistent with established structural data is offered. PMID- 6663622 TI - Correlation of sequence hydrophobicities measures similarity in three-dimensional protein structure. AB - The degree of similarity in the three-dimensional structures of two proteins can be examined by comparing the patterns of hydrophobicity found in their amino acid sequences. Each type of amino acid residue is assigned a numerical hydrophobicity, and the correlation coefficient rH is computed between all pairs of residues in the two sequences. In tests on sequences from two properly aligned proteins of similar three-dimensional structures, rH is found in the range 0.3 to 0.7. Improperly aligned sequences or unrelated sequences give rH near zero. By considering the observed frequency of amino acid replacements among related structures, a set of optimal matching hydrophobicities (OMHs) was derived. With this set of OMHs, significant correlation coefficients are calculated for similar three-dimensional structures, even though the two sequences contain few identical residues. An example is the two similar folding domains of rhodanese (rH = 0.5). Predictions are made of similar three-dimensional structures for the alpha and beta chains of the various phycobiliproteins, and for delta hemolysin and melittin. PMID- 6663623 TI - Hemoglobin tertiary structural change on ligand binding. Its role in the co operative mechanism. AB - Analysis of the tertiary structural alterations in hemoglobin induced by ligand binding demonstrates that an allosteric core composed of the heme, histidine F8, the FG corner and part of the F-helix plays an essential role in co-operativity. This conclusion is based on structural and spectroscopic data and theoretical studies of hemoglobin chains. The methodology employed in the calculations is presented with details of the empirical energy function. Energy minimized structures of the unliganded hemoglobin chains, which serve as reference systems for the analysis, are described. To determine the structural changes induced by ligand binding, the effects of Fe--N bond shortening and of heme translation and tilting perturbations are examined. Energy minimization in the presence of the perturbations serves to provide information concerning the globin structural modifications produced by them. The validity of the results is supported by comparisons with the X-ray data of Anderson, Pulsinelli, Baldwin and Chothia on tertiary changes in the hemoglobin subunits. Internal to the allosteric core, there appear to be two stable positions for its elements: one of these corresponds to the liganded and the other to the unliganded species. The unliganded geometry fits without strain into the deoxy tetramer, while the liganded one fits without strain into the oxy tetramer. On ligation of a subunit in the deoxy tetramer, the structural changes within the allosteric core are in the direction of those found in going from the unliganded deoxy to the liganded oxy system, although they are reduced by the presence of constraints due to the other subunits in the deoxy tetramer. In addition, the quaternary constraints in the deoxy tetramer prevent the large overall displacement of the allosteric core that occurs in the transition to the liganded oxy tetramer. The coupling between the changes internal to the allosteric core, produced on ligation and the overall displacement of the core that accompanies the quaternary transition, is an essential element of the co-operative mechanism. As shown in previous work (Gelin & Karplus, 1977), the proximal histidine serves as the link between the position of the heme and the F-helix; the asymmetric orientation of the histidine in the deoxy structure, coupled with contributions from other heme-protein interactions, appears to initiate the tertiary structural changes induced by ligand binding. The reduced oxygen affinity of hemoglobin results not from tension on the heme in the unliganded structure (there is none) but instead from strain in the liganded subunit of the tetramer within the deoxy quaternary structure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6663624 TI - Packaging of DNA into bacteriophage heads: a model. AB - A model is suggested for the geometry of DNA entry into a bacteriophage head. It accounts for recent observations indicating absence of a unique, ordered sequence of windings in the packaged DNA. PMID- 6663625 TI - Tongue evolution in lungless salamanders, family plethodontidae. III. Patterns of peripheral innervation. AB - Innervation of the tongue and associated musculature in plethodontid salamanders was studied using Palmgren stained sectioned materials, fresh dissection, and whole mounts of experimental specimens treated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Species studied were chosen to represent modes of tongue projection recognized by Lombard and Wake ('77). Special attention was given to species of the genera Plethodon, Batrachoseps, Pseudoeurycea, and Hydromantes, but representatives of other genera were investigated. As expected we found that cranial nerves IX and X and spinal nerve 1 supplied the muscles involved in tongue movement. The peripheral courses of the nerves were traced, and both functionally related and phylogenetically determined routes were found. As relative projection length increases, the nerves supplying the tongue tip also increase in length. When the tongue is at rest the long nerves are stored in coils. The coil of ramus lingualis lies between the ceratobranchials, but that of ramus hypoglossus is more variable, although constant within a species. Ramus hypoglossus bifurcates into separate branches to tongue and anterior musculature of the floor of the mouth. In generalized, presumably primitive, modes the bifurcation and coiling are far anterior. In most of the tongue projection modes bifurcation is relatively posterior, but in one, bifurcation is anterior, but coiling is relatively posterior in position. The most unusual condition is in Hydromantes, in which bifurcation is relatively posterior and a coiled ramus hypoglossus joins a coiled ramus lingualis to form a unique, coiled common ramus to the tongue tip. Hydromantes has the greatest projection distance of any salamander. PMID- 6663626 TI - Morphological changes in the liver of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., during metamorphosis. II. Canalicular degeneration and transformation of the hepatocytes. AB - Degeneration of all bile canaliculi takes place in the liver of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, during metamorphosis. Disintegration of microvilli is observed during earlier stages, and membranous debris ultimately accumulates within the canalicular lumina. Complete occlusion of the lumina and disorganization of junctional complexes is followed by a complete loss of the exocrine biliary pole of hepatocytes and a reorganization of these cells into solid cords. An increase in the size and number of acid phosphatase-containing cytoplasmic bodies coincides with the events of canalicular degeneration. These secondary lysosomes apparently participate in some manner in the isolation and disposal of iron and other bile constituents which no longer can be excreted in bile canaliculi. The loss of the exocrine biliary pole of hepatocytes is concomitant with vascular disturbances in the form of disordered arrangements of sinusoidal endothelial cells and an increase in the population of activated Kupffer cells involved in erythrophagocytosis. The significance of the shift in functional organization of the liver in adult lampreys is discussed in relation to physiological changes in this organism and to human hepatic cholestasis, for which this organism is a potentially valuable experimental model. PMID- 6663627 TI - Early development of the granule cell in the cerebellum of the chick embryo. AB - The sequence of differentiation of the cerebellar granule cell in chick embryos from the eighth to the 15th days of incubation has been studied in Golgi-stained celloidin sections. In the germinal-cell phase, the presumptive granule cell sends out one or two horizontal processes which may originate either in the body of the cell or in the extension which attaches it to the pial surface. Thus the germinal cell may be converted into either a monopolar or a bipolar presumptive granular cell. Bipolar cells may have two processes of the same length (symmetrical cells) or of unequal length (asymmetrical cells). In the symmetrical as well as asymmetrical bipolar cells the leading process is formed, by means of which the perikaryon emigrates until it situates itself definitely in the internal granular layer. Thus, symmetrical and asymmetrical bipolar cells give rise to a granule cell with parallel fibers of equal or different lengths. The monopolar element may originate a second process or may remain in the monopolar phase until it reaches the internal granular layer. Once there, it completes the formation of the parallel fibers. PMID- 6663628 TI - Effects of the calcium antagonist diltiazem on action potentials, slow response and force of contraction in different cardiac tissues. AB - Action potential duration in human and guinea-pig ventricular myocardium is reduced by diltiazem greater than or equal to 10 mumol/l. A reduction of action potential amplitude and maximum upstroke velocity is observed only at high concentrations of diltiazem (30 mumol/l). In depolarized myocardium (rabbit SA- and AV-node, guinea-pig papillary muscle depolarized by (K+)0 = 27 mmol/l) diltiazem greater than or equal to 0.3 mumol/l reduces amplitude and maximum upstroke velocity of the calcium-dependent action potentials. The decrease in maximum upstroke velocity of the slow response in depolarized guinea-pig papillary muscle is enhanced by elevation of the stimulation frequency, as are the negative inotropic effects (use-dependence). In contrast to nifedipine diltiazem also delays the recovery of the maximum upstroke velocity of the slow response after stimulus-induced inactivation. The reduction of maximum upstroke velocity induced by nifedipine is independent of the rate of activation whereas the blockade induced by diltiazem consists of a small blockade during rest and a profound use-dependent blockade. PMID- 6663629 TI - Thermodependence of basal and stimulated cardiac adenylate cyclase activity in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The cardiac adenylate cyclase activity from normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats was studied as a function of temperature between 17 degrees and 37 degrees C. Arrhenius plots of adenylate cyclase activity displayed a break around 31 degrees C when tested under basal conditions or in the presence of GTP but were linearized after activation with p[NH]ppG, NaF, secretin, glucagon or isoproterenol. The energy of activation of adenylate cyclase activity in the presence of GTP (9.5 +/- 0.5 kcal/mol) was significantly lower than in the presence of p[NH]ppG (17.7 +/- 0.8 kcal/mol). A hormone was without effect on the energy of activation observed with either GTP or p[NH]ppG but the simultaneous presence of hormone and nucleotide increased markedly the activity of the enzyme. The energies of activation were analyzed in terms of variation of enthalpy and entropy and discussed in relation with the process of activation and coupling of the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. These thermodynamic characteristics were similar in cardiac membranes from normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats, suggesting that the impairment of hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity observed in the heart membranes of hypertensive rats was not a consequence of a defect in the activation process of the enzyme. PMID- 6663630 TI - Ischemia-induced noradrenaline release in the isolated rat heart: influence of perfusion substrate and duration of ischemia. AB - To examine some of the characteristics of the local noradrenaline (NA) release in myocardial ischemia a study was made on Langendorff-perfused rat hearts, prelabelled with 3H-NA. The left coronary artery was ligated for 15, 30, 60 or 120 min, followed by 10 min of reperfusion. The coronary effluent was collected and analyzed for radioactivity to indicate release of 3H-NA. In some of the experiments the fraction of 3H-NA was determined. As substrate in the perfusion medium either glucose (11.1 mM) or sodium lactate (5.0 mM) was used. During the ischemic period there was a slight decrease in the outflow of radioactivity. However, reperfusion was associated with a rapid and marked outflow of radioactivity, including an increased fraction of 3H-NA, in the effluent. Compared to glucose as perfusion substrate, lactate caused a significantly higher (P less than 0.01) outflow of tritiated substances after 60 and 120 min of regional ischemia. With lactate there was an almost linear relationship between reperfusion efflux of 3H and duration of ischemia. With glucose, the reperfusion outflow increased less rapidly after a duration of ischemia longer than 15 min. It is concluded that the degree of local NA release in myocardial ischemia depends on both the duration of the ischemic period and the substrate used. Glucose attenuates the reperfusion outflow of NA, especially after longer periods of ischemia. The effect may be due to decreased myocardial cell damage with this substrate and/or a direct protection of the adrenergic nerve endings. PMID- 6663631 TI - Postnatal DNA-syntheses and mitoses in hearts of dwarf pigs. AB - Postnatal DNA synthesis and mitoses have been investigated in the heart muscle of 23 dwarf pigs by autoradiography and by light and electron microscopy. During the first weeks the average labelling indices of the myocardium decrease from 3.7 +/- 1.6% to 1.9 +/- 0.6%, while considerable individual variations are observed. The average mitotic indices decrease from 1.0 +/- 0.7% on the tenth to 0.2 +/- 0.1% on the 30th day. The number of two synchronous mitotic figures in the same cell increases from 7.5 to 32.5% in the first postnatal month and causes the mitotic development of nuclear rows. The period between 2 and 8 months after birth is characterized by low DNA synthesis at least in one of the investigated ventricular tissues. PMID- 6663632 TI - Effects of hypoxia and altered K0 on the membrane potential of rabbit ventricle. AB - The upstroke of the ventricular action potential in the rabbit consists of two depolarizing components with different rates of rise. The effects of hypoxia on the resting potential (RP); the upstroke phases (I and II) and the maximum rate of rise of phase I (V max) were studied at different external K concentrations (K0). Perfused hearts were submitted to N2-equilibrated media containing 1.5 to 10 mM K0. Exposure of oxygenated hearts to different K0 changed the regenerative response from a fast rising action potential at 1.5 mM K0 to a depressed fast response at 7.5 and 10 mM K0. Hypoxia decreased the action potential amplitude (APA) at all K concentrations. In K0 less than or equal to 5 mM the reduction of APA was due to a decrease in the amplitude of phase II of the upstroke but the maximum rate of rise (V max) did not change. In contrast, phase I of the upstroke was markedly depressed by hypoxia in high K0, but phase II was unmodified and its V max compared well with values reported for other normoxic cardiac cells. Hyperkalemia per se did not slow conduction during normoxia but increased conduction time in hypoxia. The resting potential of hypoxic cells was closer to the K equilibrium potential than in the control. The RP v. Ko/Ki relation suggested that electrogenic Na extrusion persists in hypoxia. The electrogenic fraction of the resting potential as determined from pump inhibition with 10(-4) M ouabain amounted to -6 mV. Our results did not indicate whether the differential effects of hypoxia on the upstroke components were potential dependent or were related to direct effects of K+ on the ionic currents that determine the action potential. The persistence of phase II during hypoxia in partly depolarized cells may assure the maintenance of propagated electrical activity under conditions that are likely to be encountered in vivo during cardiac ischemia. PMID- 6663633 TI - Observation of a second phosphate pool in the perfused heart by 31P NMR; is this the mitochondrial phosphate? AB - We report here our observations on perfused rat hearts using 31P NMR which show that inorganic phosphate (Pi) is located in two regions of differing pH. From the chemical shifts of the Pi signals and their behaviour under various stimuli we identify one signal (pH 7.0) as coming from the cytosol and suggest that the other (pH 7.38) comes from the mitochondrial matrix space. PMID- 6663634 TI - Effects of manganese ions and diltiazem on the spontaneous action potential of the canine atrio-ventricular node cell. AB - Effects of Mn2+ (10(-4) to 10(-3) M) and diltiazem (10(-7) to 10(-6) M) on the spontaneous action potential were studied in small preparations of the canine atrio-ventricular (A-V) node. Mn2+ and diltiazem decreased the maximum rate of rise (Vmax), amplitude of the action potential and rate of depolarization of the slow diastolic depolarization in a concentration-dependent manner. The spontaneous action potentials were depressed by the drugs, and were changed into abortive action potentials. Decrease in the rate of depolarization of the slow diastolic potential was much more prominent with Mn2+ than with diltiazem. These results indicate that the slow inward current may not play an important role in the initiation of the slow diastolic depolarization of the A-V node cell. PMID- 6663635 TI - 'Calciductin' and voltage-sensitive calcium uptake. PMID- 6663636 TI - Serum testosterone and prolactin levels in erectile dysfunction. AB - Serum testosterone and prolactin levels were determined in 52 impotent patients. Fifteen percent were found to have abnormally low testosterone levels. Low testosterone levels were related to clinical ratings of decreased libido and the absence of early morning erections. Suggestive relationships between testosterone levels and scales on the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory were noted. PMID- 6663637 TI - Conceptual factors in the treatment of paraphilias: a preliminary report. AB - The purpose of this paper is to discuss conceptual components of treating paraphilia. Detailed description of the treatment interventions will be published subsequently. The format of the psychotherapy has components similar to the programs for sexual dysfunction and homosexual dissatisfaction therapy. Intensive short-term directive conjoint therapy remains essential. The therapeutic model focuses on the paraphilia as an interpersonal relationship disorder which is manifested as an unproductive and sometimes addictive means of coping with stress, particularly engendered by discomfort with intimacy in adult erotic relationships. The basic model of psychotherapy includes specific intervention directed at potential social skill deficits, changing erotic imagery, attitude and cognitive restructuring, self-esteem difficulties, dating anxiety, sexual dysfunction, intimacy issues and addictive behavior, all of which encourage mastery, self-assertion, self-responsibility and communication skills within the context of a relationship. PMID- 6663639 TI - Mental health professionals' views of Afro-American family life and sexuality. AB - The Survey of Afro-American Behavior (S.A.A.B.) is a scale devised for specific use with mental health professionals to assess the affective and cognitive components of attitudes toward positive (favorable), negative (unfavorable), factual and stereotypic statements regarding Afro-American behavior in seven areas, two of which are examined in this paper: 1) family life patterns and marital relationships, and 2) sexual values and behavior. Significant differences on the factual and stereotypic items emerged among six groups of therapists divided by age and sex. There were statistically significant differences on family life and marital relationship items between the means of Afro-Americans over 45 years of age, who agreed more with positive statements, and Anglo Americans under 35 years of age; and on sexual issues each of the three groups of Afro-Americans agreed more with the factual statements than three groups of Anglo American cohorts. Sexual values and belief statements were the most controversial area of knowledge both within and between the two ethnic groups. The implications of this study are discussed in terms of prevention and early intervention programs for Afro-American communities with particular emphasis on the necessary training of mental health professionals to work effectively with Afro-Americans. PMID- 6663638 TI - Sexual fantasies of sexually distressed and nondistressed men and women: an empirical comparison. AB - Sexual fantasies are seen as an important source of information and a modality for treatment procedures in sex therapy programs. While drive-reduction models view fantasy as a symptom of a deficiency state, cognitive-behavioral approaches take fantasies as an index of a satisfying sex life. While current data tend to support the behavioral position, no systematic comparison has been undertaken of men and women with and without sexual distress. This study compared written examples of sexual daydreaming, masturbatory and coital fantasies as well as habitual patterns of employing fantasies during sexual activities of the above mentioned groups. Other psychotherapy clients served as control. Sex differences were sparse and the comparison between distressed and nondistressed tended to support the behavioral position. Although sexual fantasizing is positively related to a satisfying sex life, fantasies are often used for reducing aversive emotions. Subjects older than 35 years showed fewer fantasies and lower correlations between daydreaming and sexual activity. PMID- 6663640 TI - The outcome of couple therapy for sexual dysfunctions using three different formats. AB - Couples suffering from sexual dysfunctions were treated using three different formats: 1) two therapists, long-term; 2) one therapist, long-term; and 3) two therapists, intensive. The analysis of outcome data showed no significant differences between one vs. two therapists. There was a slight trend for better results from long-term as compared to the intensive therapy. These differences, however, were no longer evident at one-year follow-up. It is concluded that the success of couple therapy is rather independent of the format. Recommendations are made for a differential indication for the three formats. PMID- 6663641 TI - The effects of sex education on women with secondary orgasmic dysfunction. AB - This study evaluated the effects of sex education on 48 couples in which the women reported secondary orgasmic dysfunction. None of the males had a problem with premature ejaculation or with erectile dysfunction. Couples received two, two-hour sessions of sex education during a one-week period. From measures administered before and after treatment, the women reported significantly increased orgasmic frequency and decreased sexual anxiety. The males reported a significant increase in the duration of intercourse and in oral-genital sexual stimulation. None of the subject characteristics significantly predicted overall change. The findings underscored the important role of sex education in facilitating positive changes in a woman's orgasmic frequency and in a sexual relationship. Future research should assess the relative meaningfulness of the various components of the sex education package. PMID- 6663642 TI - Interaction patterns and communication skills in sexually distressed, maritally distressed, and normal couples: two experimental studies. AB - Two experiments are reported evaluating the behavioral deficits in communication skills found in couples with secondary sexual dysfunction (primarily of the female partner). Groups of satisfied couples and couples experiencing primarily marital distress served as controls. In Experiment 1 which analyzed the most frequently chosen behavioral reactions to 22 situations in a questionnaire (KIP), sex clients and maritally distressed couples were distinguished from the normal control group. In Experiment 2, videotaped conflict discussions were analyzed. Results show that clients with sexual dysfunctions, especially a subgroup with high scores on depressed mood, have even worse ratings on influence strategies, self-acceptance, and nonverbal expression than both maritally distressed and normal couples. Implications for theory and especially for setting treatment goals and selecting treatment interventions are discussed. PMID- 6663643 TI - Postmastectomy couple counseling: an outcome study of a structured treatment protocol. AB - The evidence suggests that medical treatment of breast cancer produces psychosocial trauma in both the patient and her husband due to the loss of the breast and/or physical disfigurement. This study evaluated the effects of a structured couples treatment program on the psychosocial discomfort following a mastectomy. Twenty couples were randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions and were administered an assessment battery before and after treatment that measured change in marital happiness, sexual satisfaction, depression, self esteem, helplessness, anxiety, alienation, and emotional discomfort. An analysis of variance yielded no significant difference between experimental and control conditions on any of the dependent variables. A supplemental analysis of covariance using the pretest as a covariate found that the treatment reduced emotional discomfort in both partners, reduced depression in the patient, and increased sexual satisfaction for both spouses. Recommendations were made for further study of the treatment, controlling for the subject's level of distress prior to treatment. PMID- 6663644 TI - Sexual fantasy and activity patterns of females with inhibited sexual desire versus normal controls. AB - Until recent years, female sexual fantasy was generally associated with psychopathology or negative qualities. Sexual fantasy is now regarded by the cognitive-behavioral schools as a normal occurrence serving adaptive functions. No investigation has been made comparing the sexual fantasy and activity patterns of women with a specific sexual dysfunction and women with a satisfactory sexual adjustment. This study compared responses to a fantasy questionnaire completed by 30 women reporting a satisfying sex life and 25 women who came to a sexual dysfunction clinic with a complaint of inhibited sexual desire. This study confirms that females with inhibited sexual desire fantasize less during foreplay, coitus, masturbation and general daydreaming than the controls. The content of fantasies in both groups is similar. The females with inhibited sexual desire do not masturbate less often and do not have fewer orgasms through masturbation than the controls. The females with inhibited sexual desire have fewer orgasms through intercourse alone. PMID- 6663645 TI - Resistance in directive sex therapy: recognition and management. AB - Resistance, in the form of marital conflict, may play an important role in mediating therapeutic efficacy with sexually dysfunctional couples. The concept of resistance is introduced with a social learning framework, and relevant research on the interface betwaeen marital factors, sexual dysfunction and treatment outcome is reviewed. Clinical guidelines for the recognition and management of resistance due to relationship discord are presented with particular emphasis on the importance of nonspeccific treatment factors. PMID- 6663646 TI - Preorgasmic group treatment: assertiveness, marital adjustment and sexual function in women. AB - Five measures were used in this study to assess preorgasmic group treatment: Gambill-Richey Assertiveness Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Sexual Arousal Inventory, Survey of Sexual Activity, and General Information Questionnaire. The total sample (N = 70) was made up of two groups: a control group of 32 women and a treatment group of 38 women who had completed preorgasmic group treatment. Analysis of the data showed that the treatment group women were having orgasms more frequently, had developed significantly more positive feelings about themselves, and established better communication with their partners. In assertiveness, the treatment group was somewhat higher, while no significant differences were found on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Of most significance for future research was the finding of increased sexual arousal for treatment group women. PMID- 6663647 TI - A replication and validation of the Spousal Inventory of Desired Changes and Relationship Barriers (SIDCARB): elaborations on diagnostic and clinical utilization. AB - In this article, the authors present the findings of a study designed to validate the factor structure of the Spousal Inventory of Desired Changes and Relationship Barriers (SIDCARB). Results from this research reveal that the original factor structure remained essentially the same. Scoring and interpretations of the couple profile are discussed and treatment decisions based upon the couple profile are outlined. Although the development of SIDCARB grew out of a social learning-behavioral philosophy of marital and family interaction, this instrument yields information that can be useful to structural marital and family therapists as well. PMID- 6663648 TI - Viability, growth, and maturation of fetal brain and spinal cord in the sciatic nerve of adult rat. AB - The feasibility for growth, maturation, and differentiation of fetal nervous system implanted into adult mammalian peripheral nervous system was studied. Thirty-five adult rats had the epineurium of the sciatic nerve crushed, perineurium minced, and fetal rat cortex or spinal cord implanted. Rats were utilized 7, 14, and 21 days, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 months later. A 1-mm cube of cortex or a 1-mm segment of spinal cord of 11-, 12-, or 15-day gestation fetuses was placed into the epineurium. Age-matched controls (7 DPI (days postimplantation) control for E15 implant was a 1-day pup, 21 days' gestation) were utilized for comparison (two per time group). Five animals had sciatic crush and perineurial mince only, and the gait and toe-spreading response were observed over 4 months. All implanted animals walked normally at 30 days. All implants were successful and survived the duration of the experiment. Cortical implants produced prominent bulges in the epineurium (21 days-4 months). Maximal neuronal and neurolgial cell division was observed at 7-21 days, decreased at 30 days, and stopped by 60 days. Most implanted cortical neurons had mature nuclei and immature dendritic patterns (apolar), and rarely had mature dendritic patterns. Neuroglia were abundant. The younger the cortical implant, the larger the cell mass produced (E11 greater than E15). The spinal cord implants survived, were viable, contained mainly neuroglia, and grew minimally. Host Schwann cells and nerve fibers were found in and around the implants. These data show that adult peripheral nervous system can act as an environment for growth and viability of fetal CNS implants. PMID- 6663649 TI - Activities of arginase, transamidinase, and ornithine aminotransferase in glia, neurons, and synaptosomes. AB - The regional, cellular, and subcellular distribution of some enzymes of the urea cycle in brain is not clearly known. Glia, neurons, and synaptosomes have been prepared from rat cerebral cortex and arginase (EC 3.5.3.1), transamidinase (EC 2.1.4.1), and ornithine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.13) have been estimated in order to understand the metabolic and functional role of these enzymes. It has been observed that arginase is predominantly localized in synaptosomes and neurons. The ornithine aminotransferase was found to be high in glial cells and very high in synaptosomes (higher than arginase). Transamidinase was mostly localized in glial cells. The implication of these results has been discussed in relation to a possible role of ornithine acting as a precursor of glutamate in glutametargic nerve endings and its possible participation in the glutamate glutamine cycle. PMID- 6663650 TI - Influence of the visual cortex on responses of retinal ganglion cells in the rat. AB - The objective of the present investigation was to answer the following question: Does the visual cortex affect the neuronal firing of retinal ganglion cells in the rat? To test this hypothesis, the visual cortex was inactivated by a reversible cryoblockade. Action potentials of a ganglion cell were recorded from its axon at the optic tract level prior to, during, and following cortical blockade. The results indicated that indeed the visual cortex influenced the retinal output since its inactivation led to a modification of the firing pattern evoked in response to a flash of light. In most cases the modification was an increase of the bursting pattern of the evoked discharges. By contrast cooling nonvisual areas failed to modify ganglion cells' discharge. A comparison between cortico-geniculate and cortico-retinal feedback loops seems to suggest that the first path is involved mostly with the spatial organization of center-surround receptive fields, whereas the second path is associated with temporal aspects of the retinal responses in the rat. PMID- 6663651 TI - Intracellular ion changes of astrocytes in response to extracellular potassium. AB - Intracellular changes of K+, Na+, and Cl- were investigated by the aid of radiotracers in primary cultures of astrocytes when extracellular K+ was (1) increased from 3 to 12 mM and subsequently again decreased to 3 mM; and (2) increased from 5.4 to 54 mM with subsequent decrease to 5.4 mM. In both situations the K+ content increased by 50% within seconds, and it doubled within 1-2 min. The increase must be carrier mediated, because keeping the K X Cl product (Donnan equilibrium) constant did not lower the K+ accumulation rates. The Na+ content decreased when K+ was increased to 12 mM, but the decrease corresponded only to 10% of the accumulated K+. When K+ was increased to 54 mM, the Na+ content increased transiently. Cl- increased by about 15-25% of the accumulated K+. Return of extracellular K+ to original levels evoked a very fast K+ release, reversing all ion changes. The Na+ content increased transiently during the release process. For an interpretation of these observations, it is necessary to postulate endogenous production of an anion and of H+, which in turn is partly exchanged with Na+. PMID- 6663652 TI - Possible role of increased brain methylation in methionine sulfoximine epileptogenesis: effects of administration of adenosine and homocysteine thiolactone. AB - An intraventricular pulse of [14COOH]L-methionine to mice pretreated with the convulsant L-methionine-dl-sulfoximine (MSO) resulted in significantly higher than control specific radioactivity values of cerebral [14COOH]L-methionine (Met), [14COOH]S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) and [14COOH]S-adenosyl-L homocysteine (AdoHcy). MSO administration (3 hr) also decreased brain steady state levels of Met, AdoMet, and AdoHcy. Following an intraventricular pulse of [3H-methyl]L-methionine, the levels of [3H methyl]phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and of membrane associated and soluble [3H-methyl]carboxylmethylated proteins were increased over corresponding saline treated controls. The activity of cerebral histamine N-methyltransferase was also increased after MSO treatment. The administration of a combination of adenosine and homocysteine thiolactone to MSO-pretreated animals counteracted the MSO induced decreases in brain Met, AdoMet, and AdoHcy as well as the increase in histamine N-methyltransferase activity. In addition, administration of adenosine together with homocysteine thiolactone decreased the incidence of, and increased the latency to MSO seizures, with the most effective anticonvulsant action occurring when cerebral AdoHcy levels were at their highest. PMID- 6663653 TI - The metabolism of platelet activating factor in platelets and plasma of various animals. AB - Metabolism of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in rabbit plasma or in rabbit platelets was studied. [C3H3]-Labeled PAF was degraded into lysoPAF and choline in plasma. An agonist of PAF, NT071 was not degraded in the plasma. Albumin protects the degradation of PAF in plasma deprived of albumin but not the degradation of lysoPAF. These findings indicate that PAF may be metabolized in plasma by acetylhydrolase and then by lysophospholipase D. PAF was converted to phosphatidylcholine (PC) in washed rabbit platelets. The radioactivities in PC was recovered in the fraction of lysoPC after mild alkaline treatment, suggesting that the product is 1-alkyl-2-acyl-glycerophosphocholine. The binding of PAF and lysoPAF to rabbit platelets, rabbit erythrocytes and liposomal membranes were next examined. The binding of PAF to various membranes was inhibited by albumin. Albumin also suppressed the activation of platelets by PAF. A monomeric form of PAF, which is free from albumin, may react with target cell membrane and also be degraded by catabolic enzymes. The binding of lysoPAF to platelets, erythrocytes and liposomes was more effectively inhibited by albumin than that of PAF. The affinity of PAF to lipid bilayers may be higher than that of lysoPAF. PMID- 6663654 TI - Dependence on particle size in the phagocytosis of latex particles by rabbit alveolar macrophages cultured in vitro. AB - The dependence of the phagocytosis of particulate materials on their size was studied. Rabbit alveolar macrophages (AMs) obtained by lung lavage were cultured in suspensions or monolayers with Latex particles of 1 micron or 2 microns in diameter. After culturing AMs with 10(7)(-5) X 10(9) Latex particles per ml for 15 to 360 minutes, the number of phagocytized particles in each of 100 individual cells was counted by light microscopy. In suspension culture, there was no significant difference in the average number of particles phagocytized per AM between 1 micron and 2 microns particles in the identical conditions as to the particle concentration (particle number/ml) and the incubation time. In monolayer culture, it was difficult to compare the average number of 1 micron particles phagocytized by AM with that of 2 microns ones in the identical condition as to the particle concentration, since the sedimentation velocities at which particles sank to the bottom of culture chamber were different between both particles, resulting in the difference of particle concentration around AMs. The sign of saturation was observed when the average number of phagocytized particles reached approximately 10 particles per AM in either case of suspension culture with 1 micron or 2 microns particles and approximately 45 of 1 micron and 10 of 2 microns particles in monolayer culture. PMID- 6663655 TI - Urinary excretion of mutagens and the effects of sorbic acid on the lipid peroxide level in the mice fed on a 15% sorbic acid diet. AB - The urine of the mice fed on a 15% sorbic acid diet was treated with or without beta-glucuronidase and was fractionated by XAD-2 column chromatography. The non polar urine fraction was slightly mutagenic towards TA 98 when metabolically activated, but not towards TA 100. From the comparison of thin-layer chromatograms between the intestinal and urinary samples, it was suggested that a part of the mutagens produced in the intestine was excreted in the urine. As for the lipid peroxidation, the levels of lipid peroxide in the liver of the mice fed on a 15% sorbic acid diet were lower than those in the control over the feeding period of 15 months. Moreover, there was a correlation between the concentration of sorbic acid (X) in the diet and the lipid peroxide level (Y) in mice fed on potassium sorbate diets, obeying the linear equation, Y=-8.39X+ 341 (p less than 0.01). However, the lipid peroxide levels of 15% sorbic acid group did not fit with the above equation, and was higher than those of 20.1% potassium sorbate group, which was equivalent to 15% sorbic acid group in respect of sorbic acid concentration. Accordingly, the difference of lipid peroxide levels between the two groups (15% sorbic acid and 20.1% potassium sorbate group) might reflect productive difference of the mutagens. PMID- 6663656 TI - [Acute toxicity of intrarectally administered (ketoprofen (T10) in rat weanlings]. AB - Acute toxicity of Ketoprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgestic, was studied using rat weanlings. Ketoprofen was intrarectally administered in the form of a mixture with T10, a basic materials for suppositaries. The results obtained were as follows: LD50 of KP was estimated to be 434 mg/kg in male weanlings and 496 mg/kg in female weanlings. These values were about four times higher than those obtained from our previous study (Shimpo et al., 1981) using six-weeks old adult rats of both sexes. The fact indicated that rat weanlings were far tolerant to KP intrarectally administered than young adult rats. Intrarectal administration of KP at high doses, caused death between the second and the seventh day after administration. Gross and histopathological examinations revealed that dead weanlings carried perforative peritonitis with ulcers mainly in jejunum and ileum not in rectum. It was therefore suggested that the ulcer was produced in small intestine by entero-hepatic circulation of KP and finally mortal peritonitis occurred. PMID- 6663657 TI - Toxicological studies on the influence of diazepam following prolonged administration of ethanol in the rhesus monkey and rat. AB - The influence of diazepam treatment following prolonged ethanol administration was toxicologically examined in rhesus monkeys and rats. In the monkey, ethanol was intragastrically administered through a chronically implanted catheter by programmed infusions at doses of 1.5 g/kg 4 times daily every 6 hours over a period of 5 or 10 weeks and followed by intragastric administration of diazepam 4 mg/kg twice a day for 5 weeks. In the rat, ethanol was administered by gavage at doses of 8 g/kg once a day or 4 g/kg twice a day for 5 weeks after which diazepam 300 mg/kg was intragastrically administered once daily for 5 weeks. In the monkey, ethanol produced such toxic changes as hypertriglyceridaemia, fatty metamorphosis of the hepatocytes associated with megamitochondria, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and vacuolation in the hepatocytes, and gastritis. Diazepam did not aggravate but mostly alleviated these changes. In the rat, on the contrary, the serum GPT level slightly elevated due to the ethanol administration, and remained at the elevated level with the diazepam treatment in contrast with the complete recovery with non-treatment for 5 weeks after the ethanol administration. However, such changes as increase of fat droplets in the hepatocytes and the triglyceride concentration in the liver which had been developed by ethanol administration recovered during the diazepam treatment period. In spite of the recovery, the elevation of the serum GPT level being remained by diazepam may indicate possible influence of diazepam on the liver function when the drug is administered after prolonged administration of ethanol. PMID- 6663658 TI - Neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in aging Slc: Wistar rats. AB - Spontaneous neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in 98 male and 100 female Slc: Wistar rats, which have been widely used in Japan for toxicological studies, were examined. As spontaneous tumors, the most frequent tumors in males were testicular interstitial cell tumors, followed by tumors of the hematopoietic organs, adrenal gland, thyroid gland, preputial gland, pituitary gland, liver and mammary gland. Those in females were tumors of the pituitary gland, mammary gland, hematopoietic organs, uterus and thyroid gland. The organ distribution and histological types of spontaneous tumors observed in Slc: Wistar rats were very similar to those in F-344/DuCrj rats, although the incidences of some tumors differed slightly in the two strains. Various non-neoplastic lesions were also observed in the heart, kidney, liver and many other organs. These results should be useful in evaluating the results of toxicological and carcinogenic studies on this strain of rat. PMID- 6663659 TI - Time-dependent changes of microscopic localization of intravenously administered colloidal carbon particles in mouse lymph nodes. AB - Time-dependent changes of microscopic localization of intravenously administered colloidal carbon particles were studied in mouse lymph nodes. Carbon particles were preferentially trapped by postcapillary venules (PCV) immediately after injection, and migrated easily outside of PCV either through intercellular space of the PCV endothelium or by phagocytic process during the 1 hr after injection. Particles were thereafter up-taken by pericytes and macrophages around PCV during the 24 hr, and consequently distributed throughout the cortex and medulla. Finally, they migrated to the medullary lymphatic sinuses, and phagocytosed by endothelial cells. Redistribution process of particles via the lymphatic sinuses from the regional lymph was observed during 30 minutes or 10 to 14 days after injection in different lymph nodes. PMID- 6663660 TI - Study on subacute toxicity of intravenous sorbitan trioleate (STO) in Wistar rats. AB - Subacute toxicity of STO was carried out using Wistar rats. STO was administered intravenously at dose levels of 12.5, 50.0 and 200.0 mg/kg for 35 days. No influence on general symptom, body weight, food and water consumption and urinalysis were observed. In 200.0 mg/kg group, the hematological examination revealed anemia corresponding to the histological findings of the bone marrow. Biochemical analysis displayed the significant increase and/or decrease of enzyme values in 200.0 mg/kg group. Morphology showed the swelling, vacuolization and granuloma of the spleen, hepatic granuloma, the increase of reticulum cells and granuloma in the bone marrow. Embolism and thrombus were also found in the pulmonary and tail veins probably due to an artifact caused by the i.v. injection. The toxicity of the STO were observed only in 200.0 mg/kg group of both sexes and any remarkable change other than physical effects were found in other groups under the above dosage. Accordingly, the maximal no-effect level of the STO in Wistar rats was considered to be 50.0 mg/kg. PMID- 6663661 TI - Histopathology of fenestration operation for otosclerosis. AB - The author describes the histopathology of fenestration operation in five temporal bones of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary collection. The four subjects underwent the intervention more than 18 years before their death. One of the patients was operated bilaterally by Lempert himself in 1950. Special attention is given to the effect on hearing results of the otosclerotic disease; the condition of the middle ear, mastoidectomy cavity, and fenestra; and the lateral and posterior membranous semicircular canals. Also the patency of the three fenestrae (the oval, the round, and the new fenestra) in respect to the resulting hearing function, is considered. PMID- 6663662 TI - Vestibular studies in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. AB - Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease is a rare sex-linked recessive neurological disorder. It presents with a slowly progressive neurological deterioration. It is liable to be misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy. A family history of similar disease is a clue to the diagnosis. A patient with this condition has been followed over many years. Nystagmus was noted to be present shortly after birth. Audiovestibular investigations were performed. All tests of peripheral hearing were normal. ABR indicated abnormal brainstem conduction. Several electronystagmographic abnormalities were present. These were of a central type. They included failure of fixation suppression, poor smooth pursuit, and impaired performance of optokinetic nystagmus at high stripe speeds. During caloric induced nystagmus an excessively prolonged slow phase of nystagmus with wide eye excursions was seen. We have not seen this feature in any other diseases and we suggest it may be specific for this syndrome. PMID- 6663663 TI - Study No. 4: Social, occupational and personal factors related to vocational rehabilitation. AB - Sixty-nine of 110 laryngectomees (63%) in Norway resumed work after operation. Re employment was established for most of the patients before active rehabilitation was initiated. The best situational and social guidelines for successful re employment were residence, education, and social group. Abuse of alcohol gave a poor outlook for re-employment. A thorough pre-operative history comprising social factors, life story, and previous occupation may give valuable information about prospects of postoperative re-employment. Patients with an assumed low vulnerability to stressful events and those with good adjustment proven or indicated in earlier life, resumed work significantly more often than patients with other personal and behavioral characteristics. PMID- 6663664 TI - Cancer of the paranasal sinuses with particular reference to maxillary sinus cancer. AB - Paranasal sinus cancer usually presents at an advanced stage and of 261 patients seen between the years 1964-79 in the Toronto centre only 214 patients could be treated with curative intent, 43% surviving five years. (The overall survival for all patients seen is 33%). Of 112 patients with maxillary sinus cancer, half were suitable for management by radical radiation plus surgery with a corrected five year survival of 51%. Patients with residual disease in the surgical specimen fared badly with a corrected five year survival of 29% compared to 76% for those patients with no residual disease in the surgical specimen. The contribution of surgery is called into question since relapse occurred in seven out of the 26 patients who had no residual disease in the operation specimen, while the operation failed to prevent relapse in 24 out of the 31 patients whose operation specimen did contain residual disease. The group treated by radical radiation alone had a corrected survival at five years of 40%. Most of the failures occurred within the first year. PMID- 6663665 TI - Laryngocele: a case report and review. AB - A 60 year old man had a symptomless mass in the neck for two years. Over two weeks he developed hoarseness and dysphagia and successfully underwent excision of a combined internal and external laryngocele. There is some disagreement in the literature as to when an enlarged saccule is a laryngocele and also as to whether laryngoceles result from chronic straining such as playing a wind instrument. Laryngeal carcinoma occasionally occurs in association with a clinical laryngocele. When sought for in laryngectomy specimens the incidence of laryngocele in patients with laryngeal carcinoma has been recorded at 18%. PMID- 6663666 TI - Retrosternal goiter. AB - Criteria for the definition and classification of retrosternal goiter are described. The management of retrosternal goiter, including the surgical approaches available, is discussed on the basis of clinical experience with 12 cases. PMID- 6663667 TI - [Treatment of fractures of the floor of the orbit with a double approach. Apropos of 30 cases]. AB - Orbital floor fractures present an urgent motive for consulting both the ophthalmologist and the ENT surgeon. A complete surgical exploration, with a double approach, allows manual and visual control. Therefore, the floor is repaired in the best conditions with the use of a graft from the anterior wall of the maxilla. Thirty cases are presented here with a follow-up of three to five years. The object of this study is to show the necessity of cooperation between the ENT surgeon and the ophthalmologist, and the advantages of the double-sided approach. The technique gives an excellent view of the lesion, allows a sound anatomical repair with a graft taken through a Caldwell-Luc approach. On the whole, the results of this series, started in 1976, are very satisfactory. PMID- 6663668 TI - Disposable plastic aspiration nozzle as a foreign body in the throat--a case report. PMID- 6663669 TI - The value of nausea and vomiting due to Meniere's disease--a theory. AB - The vegetative symptoms of nausea and vomiting commonly accompany vertigo. Although unpleasant, these symptoms may have been beneficial in times past by preventing an imbalanced and vulnerable animal from foraging for food. PMID- 6663670 TI - Venous malformation of the neck secondary to a plunging ranula of the mouth. AB - An unusual case of plunging ranula, with development into a venous malformation, is presented. The patient was successfully treated by excision of one venous aneurysm and malformation and submandibular gland in one session followed by exteriorization of ranula and removal of a sublingual gland two months later. PMID- 6663671 TI - The intercellular junctions of guinea-pig placental capillaries: a possible structural basis for endothelial solute permeability. AB - The endothelial cell junction in guinea-pig placental capillaries consists of a continuous ribbon desmosome (zonula adherens) within which lies a particulate tight junction consisting of between one and five anastomosing strands. The intercellular space at these tight junctions is narrowed and is subdivided by junctional bars which are probably continuous with the intramembrane particle rows seen in freeze-fracture replicas of the junctions. Perfusion with lanthanum salts shows the gaps between the junctional bars to be lanthanum-filled and the entire junction to be lanthanum permeable. The estimated size of the spaces between the junctional bars is consistent with the junctional pore size indicated by previous ultrastructural tracer studies. The wider lateral intercellular space of the ribbon desmosome is spanned by more widely spaced "linkers" which may act as a coarser three-dimensional filter in series with size-limiting pores between the tight junctional bars. PMID- 6663672 TI - Plasma membrane specializations in the cells of the kidney distal segment of the lamprey, Lampetra japonica (von Martens). AB - The unique and highly specialized structural features of the plasma membrane in the cells of the kidney distal segment of the lamprey, Lampetra japonica, were studied by electron microscopy. The cells of the distal segment are largely filled by a continuous network of cytoplasmic tubules which are derived from the basolateral plasma membrane. Thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas of the membrane of the cytoplasmic tubules show spirally wound parallel rows of particles. The rows are approximately 17 nm apart and are wound at a pitch of approximately 45 degrees with respect to the major axis of the tubules. Another type of membrane specialization was found in the freeze-cleaved surface of the basolateral plasma membrane. It consists of large square aggregations of membrane particles containing 100-400 cuboidal subunits. The distribution of these particles in this cell, as well as in other systems in which they have been noted, suggests a polarization of membrane activity. PMID- 6663673 TI - Regular structures on the microvillar surface membrane of ileal epithelial cells in suckling rat intestine. AB - Freeze-fracture deep-etch studies were done to examine regular patterns of surface membrane particles in the suckling rat ileal epithelium by using quick freezing method. In addition to the presence on the luminal surfaces of well developed endocytic complexes, latticed particles were consistently observed on almost the entire apical membrane between microvilli and frequently on the microvilli. These particles seemed to be partly integrated in the outer half layer of membranes. After rinsing with phosphate-buffered saline, patterns on the microvilli appeared to be parallel circle lines rather than latticed particles found in fresh preparations. Filipin treatment showed the presence of filipin sterol complexes on most of the particle-covered membrane areas except small tubules and vesicles. Possibilities were suggested that these latticed particles were transferred to the apical surface along the outer half layer of membranes, and released or secreted into the intestinal lumen. PMID- 6663674 TI - Electron microscope analysis of tissue components identified and located by computer-assisted 3-D reconstructions: ultrastructural segmentation of the developing human proximal tubule. AB - A method is described for ultrastructural analysis of renal tubules after precise identification of tubule segments by computerized 3-D reconstruction at the light microscope level. Semithin serial sections were cut of entire nephrons and 3-D coordinate information was obtained by digitization of tubule cross sections in the semithin sections. With the aid of the computer the tubule axis was traced from one section to the other. Precise lengths and positions of the tubules in three dimensions were calculated and stereoscopic images generated. The method was used to analyze the 3-D structure of developing human nephrons, and the ultrastructural development of the proximal tubule. Ultrastructural segmentation of the proximal tubule was demonstrated in the human fetal nephron in developmental stage IV. PMID- 6663675 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Implantable infusion pump. PMID- 6663676 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Biofeedback. PMID- 6663677 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Quantitative EEG (Fast Fourier Transform Analysis) monitoring. PMID- 6663678 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Radial keratotomy. PMID- 6663680 TI - [Regional meetings of the Japanese Circulation Society 1982-1983. Abstracts]. PMID- 6663679 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Chelation therapy. PMID- 6663681 TI - [Processing of anesthetical data by a personal computer--1. Improvement of conversion of input data to codes]. PMID- 6663682 TI - [Gas exchange and lung mechanics during superimposed high frequency oscillation in pulmonary edema induced by oleic acid]. PMID- 6663683 TI - [Measurement of pulmonary capillary blood flow by body plethysmography- comparison of the pressure method with the flow method]. PMID- 6663684 TI - [Hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in endotoxic shock--effect of a complement inhibitor]. PMID- 6663685 TI - [Relation between hepatic energy metabolism and reduced glutathione concentration in endotoxin-injected rats]. PMID- 6663686 TI - [ATP and SNP as vasodilators]. PMID- 6663687 TI - [Plasma bromide ion contents during halothane anesthesia and surgery]. PMID- 6663688 TI - [Cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation (13)]. PMID- 6663689 TI - [Anesthetic management of Castleman's lymphoma]. PMID- 6663690 TI - [Complications following intraoperative radial artery cannulation]. PMID- 6663691 TI - [Overview of anesthesia--past, present and future]. PMID- 6663692 TI - [Anthropometry of the distance from the incisor to the carina under endotracheal intubation]. PMID- 6663694 TI - [Muscle relaxation effects of antibiotics. I. Neuromuscular blocking effect of a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, sisomicin]. PMID- 6663693 TI - [Liver glycolysis during peritonitis shock--comparison between fed and fasted rats]. PMID- 6663695 TI - [Serum myoglobin value during enflurane anesthesia]. PMID- 6663697 TI - [Immunological effects of anesthetics and opiates]. PMID- 6663696 TI - [Relation between postoperative serum GOT, GPT, and LDH activities and succinylcholine administered during anesthesia in children]. PMID- 6663698 TI - [Clinical evaluation of modified cyclazocine neuroleptanesthesia--a report by a Group on the Study of Modified Cyclazocine NLA]. PMID- 6663699 TI - [Cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation (14)]. PMID- 6663700 TI - [Anesthetic management of a patient with carcinoid syndrome]. PMID- 6663701 TI - [Sympathetic overactivity in a patient with tetanus]. PMID- 6663702 TI - [Case of subdural pneumocephalus after epidural anesthesia]. PMID- 6663703 TI - [Guidance for preventing pollution by anesthetic gases]. PMID- 6663704 TI - [Response to the International System of Bacterial Nomenclature and problems associated with the system]. PMID- 6663705 TI - [Serum antibody levels and the course of anemia-parasitemia in dogs inoculated with Babesia gibsoni]. PMID- 6663706 TI - [Isolation and chemical characterization of a regularly arrayed macromolecular structure in the cell wall of Bacillus aneurinolyticus (Kumura et Aoyama)]. PMID- 6663707 TI - [A computer filling system for patient records of recurrent and metastatic uterine cervix cancer]. AB - This report describes a computer filing and retrieval system for patient records of uterine cervix cancer which contain a secondary status after first treatment necessitated by residual primary tumor, recurrence after 6 months or more, and metastasis. In 2 working sheets are entered registration number and birth-data, first therapy method, secondary status, topographic locations of recurrence and metastasis, policy and outcome at 5 years after secondary treatment. This information was entered in the computer filing system. The records of 549 patients who were treated between 1961 and 1976, were loaded in to the disk file and magnetic tape of our computer. The 5-year cumulative survival rate of the total cases was 11.7% (1.4% standard error); it was 26.9% (S.E. = 4.4%) for patients that had undergone primary surgery. We found that the longer the interval between first therapy and recurrence, the better was the 5-year survival after secondary treatment (mainly radiotherapy). We conclude that long-term follow-up study is important in patients with uterine cervix cancer, because our 28 cases with recurrence (10% of total cases), were found more than 4-years after the first therapy. PMID- 6663708 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma of the oral cavity and Waldeyer's ring--clinico pathological Studies of biopsy cases]. AB - Forty-five patients with stage IE and IIE malignant lymphoma originating from the oral cavity (23 cases) and Waldeyer's ring (22 cases) were histopathologically studied and their prognoses were assessed. Histologically, 42 cases were identified as diffuse lymphoma. The histiocytic (large cell) type was the prevailing type. The incidence of undifferentiated (large cell) type was relatively high and a few pleomorphic type and Burkitt type lymphomas were found in the oral cavity. The 5-year survival rate was 17% for the oral cavity and 50% for Waldeyer's ring. The survival rate of patients with stage IE malignant lymphomas of Waldeyer's ring was better than that of patients with stage IIE malignant lymphomas of Waldeyer's ring and stage IE X IIE oral malignant lymphomas. PMID- 6663710 TI - [Screening for colorectal carcinoma in AMHTS (automated multiphasic health testing and services)]. AB - A mass survey program for the early detection of colorectal carcinoma was tested on asymptomatic persons who visited the AMHTS (Ningen-Dokku). During a 10-month period, 4574 of 8216 persons over the age of 45 years participated in this program. They were screened by the 3-day fecal occult blood test using guiac method. Barium enema examination was performed in 50 of 84 persons who were selected by the screening tests. Tow cases of advanced carcinoma and 10 adenomas were detected. PMID- 6663711 TI - [Results of radiation therapy for cancer of the uterine cervix]. AB - Fifty-four patients with carcinoma of the cervix uteri were treated with external irradiation and high-dose intracavitary irradiation according to their clinical stage. The 4-year relative survival rate was 86.6% in stage I patients, 77.9% in stage II, 55.4% in stage III and 0% in stage IV. The incidence of radiation injury was: perforation of the intestine, 2 cases; vesico-vaginal fistula, 2 cases; recto-vaginal fistula one case; stenosis of the rectum or sigmoid, 2 cases. This suggests that severe complications may occur in reirradiated cases or cases irradiated with more than 7 fractions of intracavitary irradiation. The optimal radiation dose seemed to be 2,400 to 3,000 rad at point A with a fraction dose of 600 rad a week, combined with whole pelvis irradiation of 3,000 to 4,000 rad. PMID- 6663709 TI - [Evaluation of autopsy cases in pancreatic cancer]. AB - The incidence of pancreatic cancer has increased recently. The average age of pancreatic cancer patients in our series was 60.6 years; the male to female ratio was 2.3:1. As for tumor location, the head (45.5%) was the most frequent followed by the body (32.7%) and the tail (20%). Pancreatic cancers were histologically classified as duct carcinoma (88.2%), acinar cell carcinoma (0.9%), islet cell carcinoma (1.8%) and undifferentiated carcinoma (9.1%). In 17 cases (15.5%), diabetes mellitus was an accompanying complication. PMID- 6663712 TI - [Autopsy case of atypical medulloblastoma in an adult]. AB - A 24-year-old female complained of headache and vomiting. The brain-CT scan demonstrated a tumor shadow in the right cerebellar hemisphere. The tumor was partially resected, and irradiation therapy was started. She died of intraventricular hemorrhage about 6 months after the onset of symptoms. Autopsy revealed a recurrent tumor mass in the cerebellum extending to the brain stem. It showed systemic metastases to the leptomeninx, liver, bones and ovaries. Histological examination showed a tumor which was a primarily composed of typical medulloblastoma cells with occasional Homer-Wright type rosettes. It partly showed glioblastoma-like configuration. Some tumor cells were positive for GFAP by the PAP method, suggesting glial differentiation. PMID- 6663713 TI - [Lipoma of the medulla oblongata--an autopsy case report]. AB - An autopsy case of a 34-year-old female with an intracranial lipoma at the lowerst portion of the cerebellomedullary cistern is reported. Intracranial limpomas are rare and to date, only a few autopsy cases have been reported in Japan. A tumor portion, externally protruding from the medulla oblongata was mainly composed of adult adipose tissue; there were many onion-bulbs, consisting of Schwann-like cells, in the parenchyma of the medulla oblongata which was almost completely replaced with tumor tissue. The tumor appeared to be derived from primitive meninx which may have differentiated into adult fat cells. The intracranial lipoma was considered to be a hamartomatous tumor. PMID- 6663714 TI - [Case report of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. AB - A patient with clinical symptoms of general lymphadenopathy, night sweat and weight loss is reported. Laboratory data showed polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Therefore we suspected Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy (IBL), but could not deny malignant lymphoma because of the histological data. However, we determined that this case was IBL because the use of only steroid therapy was highly efficient. PMID- 6663715 TI - [Case of carcinoid tumor of the breast]. AB - A 74-year-old female with a left breast mass was admitted to the Cancer Institute Hospital and underwent mastectomy. Upon study of a frozen section, a diagnosis of breast carcinoma was made. Histopathological examination revealed a non-invasive tumor whose slightly eosinophilic rich cytoplasm was positive for PAS and Alcian green staining and argyrophilic staining. The tumor showed medullary arrangement, partly with glandular and rosette-like structures. Electron microscopically, many dense core granules (170 +/- 30 nm in diameter) were diffusely distributed in almost all the tumor cytoplasm, they were thought to be neurosecretory granules. A diagnosis of mucocarcinoid of the breast was made. The patient experienced no dyshormonal disorder during the course of the disease and is alive and well without recurrence. PMID- 6663716 TI - [Case of breast cancer with cartilage-like structure]. AB - A case of breast cancer with cartilage-like structure is presented. The stroma, resembling cartilagenous martrix upon hematoxylin and eosin staining, showed metachromasia upon toluidine blue staining. However, predigestion with hyaluronidase or chondroitinase ABC revealed no change in toluidine blue (pH 2.5) staining, suggesting the absence of not only hyaluronic acid but also of chondroitin sulfate in this structure. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that the cartilage-like structure found in this case may have been derived from epithelial mucinous substances, similar to those observed in common mucinous carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 6663717 TI - [Primary amyloidosis associated with early gastric carcinoma(IIb like IIa type) diagnosed by preoperative gastric biopsy--a case report]. AB - A case of primary amyloidosis associated with intramucosal adenocarcinoma of the stomach, diagnosed by preoperative biopsy, is reported. A 77-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of vertigo and general fatigue. X-ray and endoscopic examination revealed a IIb-like IIa type protruded lesion on the cardia of the stomach. A biopsy specimen from the protruded lesion disclosed well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and amyloid deposition. Partial gastrectomy was performed on August, 18, 1981. Upon histological study, a diagnosis of primary amyloidosis associated with intramucosal well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma was made. We suggest that the histogenesis of this gastric carcinoma was related to the gastric lesion due to primary amyloidosis. Careful review of the Japanese literature disclosed that ours is the first case report of primary amyloidosis associated with early gastric carcinoma diagnosed by pre operative gastric biopsy. PMID- 6663718 TI - [Metachronous triple malignant lymphoma of the stomach]. AB - A 72-year-old female who had undergone partial gastrectomy (Billroth I method) 8 years earlier because of a diagnosis of malignant carcinoma of the stomach (histopathological diagnosis: ML. Histiocytic, Diffuse--Rappaport--) visited our hospital because of dysphagia for the past three months. X-ray and fiberscopic examination revealed the same malignancy in the remnant stomach. Curative extirpation of the remnant stomach, resection of the lower esophagus and pancreatosplenectomy were performed. There were two lesions in the resected specimen. One was a large tumor of Borrmann 3 type (8 cm in diameter) at the EGJ; the other was a small IIc-like tumor (2 cm in diameter) at the surgical stump on the lessercurvature. These three metachronous malignant lymphomas returned the same pathological findings. Compared to carcinoma, malignant lymphoma of the stomach occurs more frequently in the fornix and the tendency for multiple occurrence is strong. When partial gastrectomy is performed for malignant lymphoma of the stomach, follow-up of the remnant stomach must be carried out carefully. PMID- 6663719 TI - [Metastasis of gastric cancer to the spleen--a case report]. AB - Metastasis to the spleen is often found in cases with malignant hematologic disorders. To our knowledge, however, few survivors with primary gastric cancer and splenic metastasis have been reported. A 64-year-old woman underwent curative total gastrectomy combined with pancreaticosplenectomy for gastric cancer, Borrmann III type, in the upper body of the stomach and cardia. Postoperative histologic examination revealed that the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma had metastasized to the spleen. The low incidence of splenic metastasis from gastric cancer may be a reflection of special antineoplastic traits of the spleen related to phagocytic qualities, or to humoral factors which are as yet unidentified. PMID- 6663720 TI - [Case report of lymphangioma--a review of benign non-epithelial tumors of the pancreas]. AB - Benign nonepithelial growths from indigenous structures in the pancreas are extremely rare. A patient with a lymphangioma of the pancreas is reported and 18 cases with benign non-epitherlial tumors reported in the Japanese literature are discussed. Of 18 tumors, 7 were hemangiogenic, 5 were lymphagiogenic, 3 were neurogenic and one each was fibromatous, leiomyomatous and teratomatus. There was no particular association with sex and age. Frequent symptoms suggesting intraintestinal hemorrhage, i.e. tarry stool, melena, occult blood, anemia. PMID- 6663722 TI - [Etiological analysis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 6663721 TI - [New methodology for the study of immunohematology]. PMID- 6663723 TI - [Genetic studies of anti-erythrocyte autoantibody production]. PMID- 6663724 TI - [Immunological analysis of cold agglutinin in hemolytic anemia associated with mycoplasma pneumonia]. PMID- 6663725 TI - [Hemolytic mechanisms in autoimmune hemolytic anemia: the role of macrophage]. PMID- 6663726 TI - [Electron microscopic observation of the hemolytic process of the spleen]. PMID- 6663727 TI - [Therapy of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: current status and problems]. PMID- 6663728 TI - [Vascular wall injury and platelets]. PMID- 6663729 TI - [Vascular wall injuries and blood rheology]. PMID- 6663730 TI - [Role of vascular injury in the development of DIC]. PMID- 6663731 TI - [Changes in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelets in arteriosclerotic diseases]. PMID- 6663732 TI - [Research history and an overview of Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 6663734 TI - [Kawasaki disease: results of study by a research group by the Ministry of Education]. PMID- 6663733 TI - [Kawasaki disease: results of study by a research group of the Ministry of Health and Welfare]. PMID- 6663735 TI - [Results of research by the Committee on the Investigation of Etiology of Kawasaki Disease, Japanese Heart Association]. PMID- 6663736 TI - [Space-time clustering of Kawasaki disease--with special reference to the 1979 and 1982 incidences]. PMID- 6663737 TI - [Study on the etiology of Kawasaki disease based on the changes in symptomatology and morbidity among various age groups--on validity of the streptococcal infection theory]. PMID- 6663738 TI - [Kawasaki disease: diagnostic criteria]. PMID- 6663739 TI - [Kawasaki disease: pathological features and sequelae of arteritis]. PMID- 6663740 TI - [Kawasaki disease and mites]. PMID- 6663741 TI - [Etiological investigation of Propionibacterium acnes variant isolated from children with Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 6663742 TI - [Questions on the hypothesis based on mites as the putative agent in the etiology of Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 6663743 TI - [Diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease. Coronary angiography and the conditions for its application (a score chart)]. PMID- 6663744 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis and clinical observation of coronary lesions in Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 6663745 TI - [Therapy of Kawasaki disease in the acute phase: steroid and aspirin therapy]. PMID- 6663746 TI - [Blood platelet disorders and thrombotic tendencies associated with Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 6663748 TI - [Problems of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease in the follow-up period]. PMID- 6663747 TI - [Prevention and treatment of coronary lesions in Kawasaki disease. Treatment with anti-platelet agents and aspirin: optimum dosages and their evaluation]. PMID- 6663749 TI - [Primary hyperlipoproteinemia types 4 and 5]. PMID- 6663750 TI - [Case of primary hyperparathyroidism associated with beriberi]. PMID- 6663751 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. C. Enzyme derived from he kidney tubular epithelium--N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. 5. Preclinical evaluation of the urinary NAG activity and its fluctuations in kidney and liver diseases and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6663752 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. C. Enzyme derived from the kidney tubular epithelium--N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. 6. Preclinical evaluation of the urinary NAG activity and its relation to kidney function tests]. PMID- 6663753 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. C. Enzyme derived from the kidney tubular epithelium--N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. 7. Preclinical evaluation of urinary NAG activity and its fluctuations in primary glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6663754 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. C. Enzyme derived from the kidney tubular epithelium--N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. 8. Preclinical evaluation of the urinary NAG activities and their fluctuations in kidney diseases]. PMID- 6663755 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. C. Enzyme derived from the kidney tubular epithelium--N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. 9. Clinical study of urinary NAG activity in patients with various kidney diseases]. PMID- 6663756 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. C. Enzyme derived from the kidney tubular epithelium--N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. 10. Clinical significance of urinary NAG activity in patients with kidney diseases, with special reference to nephrotic syndrome and antibiotic treatment]. PMID- 6663757 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. C. Enzyme derived from the kidney tubular epithelium--N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. 12. Fluctuations of urinary NAG activities in postcardiotomy renal tubular impairment]. PMID- 6663758 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. B. Enzymes derived from the urogenital system. 1. Acid phosphatase]. PMID- 6663759 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. B. Enzymes derived from the urogenital system. 2. Alkaline phosphatase]. PMID- 6663760 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. B. Enzymes derived from the urogenital system. 4. LDH]. PMID- 6663761 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. B. Enzymes derived from the urogenital system. 6. Lysozyme]. PMID- 6663762 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. C. Enzyme derived from the kidney tubular epithelium--N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. 1. Description of NAG activity determination]. PMID- 6663763 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. C. Enzyme derived from the kidney tubular epithelium--N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. 2. Preclinical determination of the urinary NAG activities and the test data of patients admitted for multiphasic screening]. PMID- 6663764 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. C. Enzyme derived from the kidney tubular epithelium--N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. 3. Preclinical evaluation of the urinary NAG activity and changes in diabetic patients]. PMID- 6663765 TI - [Urinary enzyme determination and its clinical significance. C. Enzyme derived from the kidney tubular epithelium--N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. 4. Preclinical evaluation of the urinary NAG activity and changes in renal diseases]. PMID- 6663766 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of free thyroxine using a T4-analog--the effect of serum albumin]. PMID- 6663767 TI - [Recumbent arrhythmia among high school students]. PMID- 6663768 TI - [Differential examination of the serous fluid and key points in clinical tests]. PMID- 6663769 TI - [Clinical examination of the body cavity fluids]. PMID- 6663770 TI - [Deviations in glycoprotein contents in malignant ascitic fluid and pleural effusions]. PMID- 6663771 TI - [Bacteriological examination of the body cavity fluids]. PMID- 6663772 TI - [Pathology of breast cancer (3)--with special reference to differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6663773 TI - [Abnormally high origin of the renal artery: a case report]. PMID- 6663774 TI - [2 cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis demonstrated by computed tomography]. PMID- 6663775 TI - [Preoperative CT diagnosis of ovarian teratoma: a case report]. PMID- 6663776 TI - [Case of skin cancer with unusual sites of metastasis]. PMID- 6663777 TI - [Case of posterior atlanto-axial dislocation in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6663778 TI - [Tumors of the eye (1)]. PMID- 6663779 TI - [Computed tomography of the auditory ossicles]. PMID- 6663780 TI - [Thin section computed tomography(2mm) of the orbit--evaluation of a normal orbital structure]. PMID- 6663781 TI - [Determination of lung cancer stages by CT--evaluation of the mediastinal involvement and usefulness of bolus CT]. PMID- 6663782 TI - [CT findings of intravenous tumor thrombosis]. PMID- 6663783 TI - [Clinical study of metrizamide for cardioangiography in children]. PMID- 6663784 TI - [Eagle's syndrome]. PMID- 6663785 TI - [Case of malignant lymphoma of the esophagus]. PMID- 6663786 TI - [Usefulness of CT for the diagnosis of aneurysm of the thoracic aorta in a child]. PMID- 6663787 TI - [Case of yolk sac tumor of the liver--with special reference to radiological findings]. PMID- 6663788 TI - [Lectin-binding sites of normal human epidermis and malignant epidermal tumor cells--histochemical studies by peroxidase labeling technic]. PMID- 6663789 TI - [Ultrastructure of cutaneous elastic fibers in familial hypercholesterolemia, with special reference to degeneration and calcification]. PMID- 6663790 TI - [Changes of malignant melanoma cells caused by isolated hyperthermic perfusion therapy--electron microscopic and fluorescence histochemical investigations]. PMID- 6663791 TI - [Supplementary notes on the peculiar features of non-epithelial cells disease. (V). Disturbed mitotic processes of the cells]. PMID- 6663792 TI - [Clinical and prognostic specificity of anorectal malignant melanoma]. PMID- 6663793 TI - [Desensitization in type I skin hypersensitivity. Neutralization method (Miller)- relation of its effect to the immediate allergic test]. PMID- 6663794 TI - [In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium marinum to ST preparation (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim)]. PMID- 6663795 TI - [2 cases of congenital onychoheterotopia]. PMID- 6663796 TI - [Erythroplasia of Queyrat--statistical studies of 61 cases in Japan]. PMID- 6663797 TI - [Clinical observation of facial melanosis among women at the cosmetic outpatient clinic of Yamaguchi University (1977-1982)]. PMID- 6663798 TI - [Nail lesions of nail-patella syndrome--histopathological investigation of the nail]. PMID- 6663799 TI - [3 cases of porphyria cutanea tarda--change of urinary porphyrin excretion patterns after phlebotomy]. PMID- 6663800 TI - [Tissue culture of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans--scanning electron microscopic observation and analysis of cell kinetics]. PMID- 6663801 TI - [Experimental induction of skin lesions in porphyria. 2. Induction of chronic skin lesions with metal halide lamp irradiation in mice after intraperitoneal injection of hematoporphyrin]. PMID- 6663802 TI - Abnormal protein and lipid compositions of the cerebral myelin of a patient with maple syrup urine disease. AB - Biochemical analyses were performed on the myelin isolated from the brain tissue of a patient with maple syrup urine disease. He was mostly treated by dietary management from day 8 after his birth until he died at 4 years and 5 months of age. It was found that the myelin contained major proteolipid-protein and high molecular weight protein and a very minor basic protein. The lipid composition of the myelin showed a marked decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine, but there was no remarkable reduction of cerebroside and sulfatide as well as other phospholipids in the myelin. Although the ganglioside composition of the myelin indicated that GM1 was a major ganglioside just like in the normal myelin, the myelin had an abnormal composition of an higher proportion of GD3 and a lower proportion of GM4, GD1b and GT1b. However, overall fatty acid compositions of the myelin lipids seemed rather normal. PMID- 6663803 TI - Incidence of hepatitis A virus infection among Japanese volunteers staying in developing countries. AB - Incidence of hepatitis A virus infection was studied serologically in 260 adult males and females sent for volunteer service to developing countries from Japan. Among 225 initially seronegative subjects, 29 (12.9%) were seropositive to hepatitis A virus at their return from two year's overseas service. Seroconversion occurred in none of 39 subjects who received two doses or more of prophylactic administration of human immunoglobulin. There were clinical records of acute non-B hepatitis in 10 subjects among 29 who seroconverted to hepatitis A virus, while in 6 among 231 who did not seroconvert. PMID- 6663804 TI - Effects of human fibroblast interferon on human tumors transplanted into nude mice: sensitivity of malignant melanoma. AB - The antitumor effects of human fibroblast interferon (HuIFN-beta) on three lines of human malignant melanoma (AM-1, SK-14, SK-2) were studied using a nude mouse human tumor xenograft system. The sensitivity of melanoma to interferon in relation to melanin productivity was investigated. Intratumoral administration of 6 X 10(5) IU of HuIFN-beta significantly inhibited proliferation of AM-1 and SK 14, but did not inhibit that of SK-2. The sensitivity to HuIFN-beta was in the order of SK-14, AM-1 and SK-2, and was well correlated with the susceptibility of cell division observed histologically. Although these tumors differ in production of melanin, difference in sensitivity to HuIFN-beta due to melanin productivity was not clear. The relationship between the antitumor effect and the administration method was studied with SK-14, which was the most sensitive to HuIFN-beta. Antitumoral activities depending on the routes of administration were in the order of intratumoral, peritumoral-subcutaneous and intraperitoneal. Intratumoral and subcutaneous administrations of high doses brought about complete disappearance of the tumor cells or decrease in size of the tumor mass. PMID- 6663805 TI - Longitudinal study on Schistosoma japonicum infections in the Philippines. 3. Incidence and environmental modification at Dagami, Leyte. AB - The yearly change of incidence of schistosomiasis japonica was observed among 1800 children enrolled in 9 schools situated within a 5 km radius around Dagami Poblacion, Leyte, Philippines from School Year (SY) 1974/75 to 1979/80. The purpose of this observation was to know the effect of environmental modification undertaken in about 50 ha of snail-infested and abandoned rice field which is the most depressed and central portion of this project area. Children were examined by egg detection from stool and by circumoval precipitin test. Coverage of examination among the school population ranged from 40 to 80% yearly and the ratio of re-examination after about 1 year was from 30 to 60%. The annual incidence in the different schools differed greatly from 12.15 to 42.86% in contrast to the annual prevalence which differed only slightly. There was corresponding increase of incidence with age from 18.6% at age 7 to 33.9% at age 12 while no significant difference was observed between sexes. The overall annual incidence rates for 9 schools during the 5-year follow-up period (SY 1975/76 to 1979/80) were 22.2, 24.2, 26.9, 9.6 and 28.4%, respectively. Those of Dagami Central II, the nearest school to the reclaimed site, were 15.7, 18.2, 19.3, 5.2 and 11.6%, respectively, for the same period. Obviously, the incidence was increasing while the reclamation was going on except in SY 1978/79. Analysis of the sudden drop of incidence in that year in all the 9 schools showed that it was not due to the effect of reclamation, but was most likely due to scanty rainfall in the previous year (1977). These observations indicated that small scale environmental modification had doubtful effect on outlying endemic areas in reducing the danger of Schistosoma infection but may have a little effect on the immediate surroundings as shown by a lesser elevation of incidence after the abrupt decrease at the nearest school as compared to those of schools located farther from the reclamation area. PMID- 6663807 TI - The electric fence for preventing invasion of Trimeresurus flavoviridis, Habu, the venomous snake. AB - For the purpose of preventing invasion of Trimeresurus flavoviridis, Habu, the venomous snake, the effect of an electric fence made of hollow tile blocks or polyethylene net was examined in 3 villages on Amamioshima and Tokunoshima islands in the southernmost area of Japan. The electric pulses were supplied by a pulse maker at 0.75 sec. intervals with 480 mA, 0.13 m coulombs at a load of 500 ohms and estimated peak of 8 to 10 kV. The anode from a pulse maker was connected to a stainless steel plate or a metal string woven in a vinyl rope on the fence and the cathode was grounded. The power to the pulse maker was generated by silicon solar cells, stored in a car battery and regulated by an electric eye switch to activate it at night. The necessary height of the fence to prevent Habu from slithering over the fence was experimentally determined to be 60 cm. In 3 villages, 6.75 ha were enclosed with 1000 m fence, 13.7 ha with 2100 m and 23.8 ha with 2500 m, respectively. The effect of the electric fence was remarkable as determined by the annual monitoring of the number of snakes sighted by people and the captivity rate in box traps inside the fence. The number of snakes found annually in Tean Village was 10 before construction and 5, 4, 5 after construction; 119 before construction 55, 20, 20 after construction at Tete; and 109 and 82 before construction and 15 and 11 after construction at Todoroki. The snakes were observed to aggregate outside the fence. The net barrier could be constructed at any topographical conditions with less expense. The effect was further pronounced when snakes were removed by box trap and other methods from inside the fenced area. PMID- 6663806 TI - Potentiation of the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil by some nucleotides, and their possible role in the potentiation. AB - Of the various nucleotides tested, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), guanosine 5' triphosphate, inosine 5'-triphosphate, and adenosine 5'-monophosphate potentiated the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil against Ehrlich carcinoma, while uridine 5'-triphosphate, cytidine 5'-triphosphate, deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate, and deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate were ineffective. The result of biochemical experiments suggests that ATP, which was used as a representative of the effective nucleotides, was ineffective until it was hydrolyzed to adenosine by nucleotide phosphohydrolases in the ascitic fluid of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, and that the adenosine functioned as a ribose donor for the increased formation of antineoplastic 5-fluoronucleotides. The possible role of the various effective nucleotides and nucleosides was discussed. PMID- 6663808 TI - Transfer of delayed hypersensitivity induced by Schistosoma japonicum adult worm antigen in guinea pigs. PMID- 6663809 TI - Neurovirulence of rat brain-adapted measles virus. PMID- 6663810 TI - Time course of biochemical and histological alterations following a single feeding of carbon tetrachloride to mice. AB - Carbon tetrachloride (0.02, 0.5 or 1.5 ml/kg) was given through a stomach tube to female C57BL/6J mice. Liver weights, the quantities of nine liver (protein, free glucose, glycogen, triglyceride, phospholipid, free and esterified cholesterol, DNA and RNA) and three blood components (glucose and free and esterified cholesterol), and SGOT activities were measured at 15, 24, 39, 48, 63, 87, 159 or 327 hr after carbon tetrachloride feeding. Livers were examined histologically. Chemical components of the liver and blood changed generally in a dose-related manner, but more slowly in the larger-dose groups. The biochemical alterations were reflected well in the histological findings. Degenerative and regenerative findings occurred later in the larger-dose animals. Histological changes appeared first in the midzones in the 0.5 and 1.5 ml/kg groups. PMID- 6663811 TI - Drug-mediated displacement of bilirubin from albumin in cultured cells. PMID- 6663812 TI - [Bacterial aerosols. 9. Antibiotic sensitivity of air-borne bacteria originating from health subjects]. PMID- 6663813 TI - [Health care of students--evaluation of the relation between the health status and scholastic achievement using numerical quantification II]. PMID- 6663814 TI - [Biodegradation tests of chemicals under anaerobic conditions]. PMID- 6663815 TI - [Age differences in cortisone-induced changes of mouse hepatic cells. 3. Ultramicro-determination of mitochondrial crista dimensions]. PMID- 6663816 TI - [Hemodynamic characteristics of myocardial infarct of the aged and the prognosis at the acute stage]. PMID- 6663817 TI - [Catecholamine responses to sympathetic stimulation in essential hypertension classified according to the WHO classification]. PMID- 6663819 TI - [25th meeting of the Japan Geriatric Society. October 27-29, 1983, Sendai. Abstracts]. PMID- 6663818 TI - [Factors affecting the early prognosis in acute myocardial infarct of the aged- prognosis based on multivariate analysis]. PMID- 6663820 TI - [Simultaneous determination of multiple elements in airborne particulate samples by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry]. AB - An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX) has been applied to determine multielements in the workplace air. The standards for X-ray fluorescence analysis were prepared by the chelate precipitation method on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane filter. And, the specimens were prepared to deposit various metal compounds of different chemical forms by the suspension method on PVC membrane filter, and they were determined with EDX and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The results obtained were as follows. Though there is a difference by each element, an amount less than 3 microgram/cm2 per unit area makes it possible to undergo multielement analysis, that is, is has no influence on fine particle effect (particle size; under 5 microns). Then, effects of the X-ray intensity by different chemical forms are negligible. At the presence the neighboring element and other elements this technique showed greater precision by carrying out on corrective treatment, etc. The coefficient of variation of this technique was in the range of 2.5-6.5% at DDTC-Cu of 0.5-5.0 micrograms/cm2, with the limit of detection for As : 0.002 microgram/cm2, Zn : 0.003 microgram/cm2, Pb : 0.003 microgram/cm2, Cu : 0.004 microgram/cm2, Ni : 0.003 microgram/cm2, Fe : 0.005 microgram/cm2, Mn : 0.008 microgram/cm2, Cr : 0.013 microgram/cm2, respectively. Aerosols collected at the workplace were analyzed with EDX and AAS, and the obtained results showed good agreement with such regression line as y = 1.04 chi + 0.04, the coefficient of correlation being r = 0.995. From these results, this technique was found to be a very excellent method for monitoring of multielements in the workplace air. PMID- 6663821 TI - [Analysis of the mortality patterns in an area supplying migratory tunnel workers 1. Regional differences in the mortality patterns]. AB - Tunnel work, digging a tunnel at the face, is a highly specialized job today. Many tunnel workers migrate from one place to another away from home throughout the year. They are exposed to hazardous factors such as dust, vibration, noise and so on, working under the two 12-hour shift system. Recently it has been reported that many workers who had suffered from pneumoconiosis and/or vibration disease returned to their home areas. The southern part of Oita Prefecture is well known as being one of the areas which supply many tunnel workers. In order to study the long-term effects of tunnel work on the health of the tunnel workers, the authors compared the mortality rate in the district supplying many tunnel workers with that of the district supplying few workers. Nine causes of death were chosen among many as indices indicating the characteristics of the structure of mortality in the district supplying many tunnel workers. The authors estimated these causes of death in relation to sex and age, analyzing simple correlations between the 9 causes of death and 33 socioeconomic factors. A principal component analysis of these indices was also carried out. The results were as follows. A close relationship was found between tunnel work and three causes of death such as silicotuberculosis (010), tuberculosis (010-019, A 6), and infective and parasitic diseases (000-136). The other 5 causes of death such as diseases of the digestive system (520-577), neoplasms (014-259), all causes (000-999), stomach cancer (151, A 47) and pneumoconiosis (515) were related not only to tunnel work but also to other regional characteristics such as fishery workers rate. No relationship was found between tunnel work and death by cerebrovascular disease (430-438, A 85). These results show that the tunnel work has an influence on the structure of mortality in the area supplying these workers. PMID- 6663822 TI - [Modifying effects of host factors in cadmium toxicity: species, sex, and age differences in mice]. AB - Experiments were conducted with a view to studying how the factors on the side of the mouse would affect the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) in the acute exposure to it. The factors studied were strain, sex, age in days and the interaction among these. So far these factors have been studied independently. But it is suspected that they are affecting each other, so a simultaneous exploration was attempted in the present study as to the effects of these factors on the Cd accumulation in various organs. The results obtained were as follows: LD50 in acute Cd poisoning tended to be higher in C57BL/6 than in CF#1. Between the sexes it was higher in males than in females. As for the age of the mouse, the LD50 was higher in those aged 40 days and 80 days than in those 20-day- and 150-day-old. Changes in the body weight in acute Cd poisoning were analyzed by obtaining the variance for each factor. As a result a significant difference in the body weight change was revealed between the sexes, strains and ages of the animals and it was indicated that these factors modified the body weight changes in Cd poisoning. Cd concentration in the liver significantly differed among the strains and age groups. In the kidney the Cd concentration had a significant difference among the strains, sexes, ages in days, and interaction between the strain and age, suggesting that these factors might affect the Cd accumulation in the organs. The rate of Cd accumulated against the amount administered (accumulation rate) was studied in each of the organs. In the liver the accumulation rate was significantly affected by the age in days, and the interactions between strain and sex, strain and age, and sex and age, indicating that the modification occurred chiefly through the interactions among the factors. In the kidney the difference in the accumulation rate was attributed to strain, sex, and age in days, indicating that these factors affected the accumulation independently. From these results it was suggested that such factors as strain, sex and age in days affected directly or indirectly the manifestation of toxicity and accumulation of cadmium in the various organs to different degrees. PMID- 6663823 TI - [Sex differences in the activities of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in human erythrocytes]. PMID- 6663824 TI - [Proposal of maximum permissible exposure levels (1983)]. PMID- 6663825 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of gait abnormalities on the basis of continuous foot force measurement--correlation between quantitative indices and visual rating]. PMID- 6663826 TI - [CT beam pointer system for radiotherapy planning]. PMID- 6663827 TI - [Analysis of auditory evoked response by digital processing]. PMID- 6663828 TI - [Inverse ECG solution using spheroidal harmonics]. PMID- 6663829 TI - [Motion analysis of the coronary arteries in coronary cineangiograms]. PMID- 6663830 TI - [Functional and morphological studies of the glomerular mesangium. III. Phagocytosis and transport of carbon particles in the glomerular lesions caused by Habu snake venom]. PMID- 6663831 TI - [Case of acute non-poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis developing into IgA nephropathy]. PMID- 6663832 TI - [Intraglomerular coagulation with special reference to glomerular tissue thromboplastin]. PMID- 6663833 TI - [Analysis of proteinuria by electrophoresis]. PMID- 6663834 TI - [Abnormal serum VLDL-IDL contents and changes in PHLA (LPH and H-TGL activities) in patients on hemodialysis]. PMID- 6663836 TI - [Sex difference in the renin-aldosterone system]. PMID- 6663835 TI - [Relation of the polyunsaturated fatty acid saturated fatty acid ratio (P/S ratio) of diet to very low density lipoprotein in the serum of patients with maintenance hemodialysis]. PMID- 6663837 TI - [Case of acute kidney failure caused by acute exertional rhabdomyolysis]. PMID- 6663839 TI - Tubuloglomerular feedback theory. PMID- 6663838 TI - [Case of Rendu-Osler disease associated with a giant hematoma of the mesocolon and renovascular hypertension caused by thrombosis]. PMID- 6663841 TI - The role of platelets in glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6663840 TI - Treatment of lupus nephritis. PMID- 6663842 TI - [Systemic circulation in glycerol-induced ARF rat]. PMID- 6663843 TI - [Renal circulation in acute nephrotoxic renal failure]. PMID- 6663844 TI - [Morphological studies of early phase of ischemic acute renal failure]. PMID- 6663845 TI - [Significance of tubuloglomerular feedback in acute renal failure]. PMID- 6663847 TI - [Studies of acute renal failure--present status and prognosis]. PMID- 6663846 TI - [Significance of tubular obstruction in various acute renal failure models]. PMID- 6663848 TI - [Etiological studies of blood coagulation in the kidney glomerulus]. PMID- 6663849 TI - [Glomerular fibrins, serum and urinary FDP fragments in kidney diseases in children]. PMID- 6663850 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of blood coagulation in the kidney glomerulus]. PMID- 6663851 TI - [Platelet activation in nephritis and nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6663852 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6663854 TI - [Anticoagulant therapy in kidney diseases, with special reference to the effectiveness of warfarin over a long period]. PMID- 6663853 TI - [Fibrin deposits in Masugi nephritis and effects of urokinase, non-steroidal anti inflammatory agents, anti-inflammatory enzymes and prostaglandins]. PMID- 6663855 TI - [Indications and effectiveness of fibrinolytic therapy]. PMID- 6663856 TI - [Kidney medulla and hypertension, with special reference to antihypertensive lipids]. PMID- 6663857 TI - [Significance of increased activities of sympathetic nervous system in the abdomen in spontaneous hypertensive rats]. PMID- 6663858 TI - [Increased metabolism of vasoconstricting proteins in the renal artery of hypertensive patients and animals]. PMID- 6663859 TI - [Role of cerebral dopamine in essential hypertension]. PMID- 6663860 TI - [Effects of norepinephrine on renal circulation and urinary sodium excretion in essential hypertension]. PMID- 6663861 TI - [Etiological studies of essential hypertension. Pressure natriuresis and urinary dopamine excretion]. PMID- 6663862 TI - [Morphological studies of cultured rat glomerular cells]. PMID- 6663863 TI - [Nature of cultured mesangial cells]. PMID- 6663864 TI - [Studies of cultured mesangial cells and experimental nephritis]. PMID- 6663865 TI - [Synthesis of proteoglycans in renal glomerular cells]. PMID- 6663866 TI - [Primary culture of kidney tubule cells]. PMID- 6663867 TI - [Culture of renal tubular cells]. PMID- 6663868 TI - [Effects of vasopressin on sodium transport and osmotic water flow in MDCK monolayer cells]. PMID- 6663869 TI - [Neural control of renal circulation and renal tubular functions]. PMID- 6663870 TI - [Neural control of sodium transport in the kidney tubules]. PMID- 6663871 TI - [Effects of catecholamines on electrolyte transport in the kidney tubules]. PMID- 6663872 TI - [Specific binding of [3H]-dihydroalprenolol and [3H]-prazosin to kidney tubules]. PMID- 6663873 TI - [Renal nerve system and urinary catecholamines]. PMID- 6663874 TI - [Infantile hereditary nephropathies]. PMID- 6663875 TI - [Management of congenital nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6663876 TI - [Hereditary nephritis and benign familial hematuria--early diagnosis of hereditary nephritis]. PMID- 6663877 TI - [Congenital diseases of the kidney and urinary tracts]. PMID- 6663878 TI - [Ureteral diseases in children, with special reference to vesico-ureteral reflux]. PMID- 6663879 TI - [Morphological studies of renal tissues in congenital urinary tract obstruction]. PMID- 6663880 TI - [Infantile renal failure caused by obstructive uropathy]. PMID- 6663881 TI - [Management of renal failure in infants]. PMID- 6663882 TI - [Binding site of 125I-Tyr8-bradykinin in the rat kidney]. PMID- 6663883 TI - [Localization of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in the nephrons]. PMID- 6663884 TI - [Acute and diffuse interstitial nephritis. Abnormal renal functions and morphological study]. PMID- 6663885 TI - [Clinicopathological observation of acute interstitial nephritis]. PMID- 6663886 TI - [Histopathologic changes in interstitial nephritis]. PMID- 6663887 TI - [Interstitial abnormalities in Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 6663888 TI - [Aminoglycoside-induced interstitial nephritis]. PMID- 6663889 TI - [14C]oxalate formation from [U-14C]glucose and [U-14C]xylitol in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6663891 TI - Adult type of polycystic disease in an infant: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 6663890 TI - Clinicopathological analysis of atypical forms of IgA nephropathy. PMID- 6663892 TI - Survey on heredity nephropathies (special reference to Alport's syndrome). PMID- 6663893 TI - Clinical differentiation between benign and malignant renal tumors. PMID- 6663894 TI - Charge-based selectivity of the glomerular wall. PMID- 6663895 TI - [Bone metastasis in gastric cancer--clinical evaluation of bone scintigrams]. PMID- 6663896 TI - [Evaluation of heart conduction anomalies by a phase analysis]. PMID- 6663897 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the lung uptake in liver scanning using Tc-99m Sn colloid]. PMID- 6663898 TI - [Diagnostic reliabilities of exercise stress radionuclide angiocardiography and thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with effort angina]. PMID- 6663899 TI - [Measurement of effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) with 123I-orthoiodohippurate (OIH)]. PMID- 6663900 TI - [Assessment of circumferential profile analysis for 201Tl myocardial imaging with stress]. PMID- 6663901 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of gamma-camera renography using 123I-orthoido hippurate (a comparison with 131I-hippuran)]. PMID- 6663902 TI - [Morphological classification by selective alveolo-bronchography and evaluation of impaired respiratory functions in patients with distal lung lesions]. PMID- 6663903 TI - [Cardiorespiratory response during exercises in effort angina pectoris]. PMID- 6663904 TI - [Time-frequency spectrum analysis of lung sounds in asthmatics]. PMID- 6663905 TI - [Tomographic ambiguities of the vascular regions in perivascular connective tissue lesions--presence of nodular shadows in the pulmonary field]. PMID- 6663906 TI - [Case of relapsing polychondritis associated with persistent rib cartilage pain and severe tracheal stenosis--a review of 53 cases in Japan]. PMID- 6663907 TI - [Case of sarcoidosis with the initial symptom of nasal obstruction due to a nasal mucosal lesion--review of 41 reported cases in the literature]. PMID- 6663908 TI - [Case of proximal interruption of the left pulmonary artery]. PMID- 6663909 TI - [Case of supernumerary intrathoracic rib]. PMID- 6663910 TI - [Antibiotic therapy against respiratory infections in diffuse panbronchiolitis]. PMID- 6663911 TI - [Evaluation of the initial period of the exercise test in chronic lung diseases]. PMID- 6663912 TI - [Morphological study of oncocytes of the bronchial glands]. PMID- 6663913 TI - [Effects of gas trapping by the excised lung on the flow rate and end expiratory pressure]. PMID- 6663914 TI - [Bone marrow abnormalities in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6663916 TI - [Case of benign clear cell tumor of the lung]. PMID- 6663915 TI - [Case of sarcoidosis with subpulmonary effusion]. PMID- 6663917 TI - [Surgical case of pulmonary sequestration without aberrant artery]. PMID- 6663918 TI - [Case of high-altitude illness with pulmonary and cerebral infarction]. PMID- 6663919 TI - [Palliative right ventricle outflow reconstruction in tetralogy of Fallot in children]. PMID- 6663920 TI - [Median sternotomy in pulmonary operations]. PMID- 6663921 TI - [Timing of open mitral commissurotomy in rheumatic mitral stenosis--with special reference to the heart functions]. PMID- 6663922 TI - [Significance of the left atrial pressure determination in the early postoperative stage of mitral stenosis]. PMID- 6663924 TI - [Surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in adult (over age 18)]. PMID- 6663923 TI - [Left axillary incision for DDD pacemaker implantation]. PMID- 6663925 TI - [Phrenic nerve paralysis complicating open-heart surgery with myocardial protection by topical cardiac hypothermia]. PMID- 6663926 TI - [Success in the second valve replacement in recurrent mitral valve stenosis with Serratia endocarditis following the initial valve replacement]. PMID- 6663927 TI - [Para-vertebral approach in extra-pleural dissection (Yoneyama's method) applied to postero-superior mediastinal tumor]. PMID- 6663928 TI - [Surgical treatment of an aortopulmonary septal defect with fenestration to the right pulmonary artery in an infant]. PMID- 6663929 TI - [Successful anastomosis of the aorta to the left coronary artery with a flange using a saphenous vein graft]. PMID- 6663930 TI - [Successful surgery of double mitral valve with the closed main orifice]. PMID- 6663931 TI - [Electromechanical contractive activity of the stomach and duodenum of conscious dogs]. AB - Studies were conducted in three conscious dogs implanted with electrodes and force transducers on the gastric antrum and duodenum. During the period of development of the interdigestive myoelectric complex (IMC) or the interdigestive contractions, intervals of development and amplitudes of the basic electric rhythm (BER) in the antrum varied markedly in contrast with those during the period of motor quiescence. In the antrum and duodenum, the frequency of BER decreased during IMC, and transiently increased after the end of IMC. After feeding, action potentials were superimposed on every BER of the antrum which occurred regularily, and a contraction accompanied each group of action potentials. While, in the duodenum, the percentage of BER's with action potentials was about 40%. The frequency of BER decreased in the antrum and increased in the duodenum compared with that before feeding. Wave form of action potentials and/or amplitude of contractions varied and the maximum amplitude of the contractions in the digestive state never exceeded that of the interdigestive contractions. Ratio of BER frequency of the duodenum to that of the antrum was 3.7-4.4 during the motor quiescence, while, during the period of development of the interdigestive contractions and the contractions in fed state, it was relatively high (4.3-4.6). Coinciding with the strong contractions among the interdigestive contractions of the antrum, diminution of the high-amplitude contractions in the duodenum was observed. On the other hand, in the digestive state, cyclic occurrence of a contraction in the antrum approximately corresponded in time with occurrence of contractions in the duodenum. PMID- 6663933 TI - [Mechanism of bile outflow in cholecystectomized patients]. AB - Intraluminal manometric and cine-cholangiomanometric studies were carried out on the movement of the sphincter of Oddi at the time of excretion of bile into the duodenum in 12 patients after cholecystectomy for gallstone. Two phases were observed in the sphincteric movement; the resting phase without any contraction and active phase with vigorous contraction. On stimulation with CCK-PZ 0.5 u/kg (bolus injection) in a active phase, a prompt transition from the active phase to the resting phase was observed in 4 to 8 minutes. On cine-cholangiomanometric study, the contrast medium injected into the common bile duct did not flow into the duodenum at the resting phase, but in the active phase. In the active phase, the excretion of the contrast medium was observed at the end of each contraction of the sphincter of Oddi. These observations have led a conclusion that bile excretion occurs in the active phase of the sphincter of Oddi in the cholecystectomized patients. PMID- 6663932 TI - [Effects of drugs on electromechanical activities of the stomach and duodenum of conscious dogs]. AB - Responses of the gastric antrum and duodenum to some drugs were studies in fasted state of conscious dogs using implanted force transducer and/or electrodes. Continuous i.v. infusion of pentagastrin (12-30 micrograms/kg-hr), secretin (1.8 u/kg-hr) and atropine (30-120 micrograms/kg-hr) suppressed the development of the interdigestive myoelectric complex or the interdigestive contractions. During infusion of atropine or secretin, action potentials superimposed on basic electric rhythm (BER) and contractions were frequently observed in the duodenum in spite of motor quiescence in the antrum. A bolus i.v. injection of bethanechol (10-20 micrograms/kg) clearly produced action potentials and contractions in the duodenum, while, in the antrum, only a few contractions were observed. Pentagastrin (12-30 micrograms/kg-hr, 5-10 micrograms/kg i.v.) induced weak but high-frequency contractions in the antrum, whereas, in the duodenum, contractions were scarcely observed except the case of the infusion of the drug over 30 min. The drug also changed the frequency and amplitude of BER remarkably in both regions. Phentolamine (3.0-6.0 mg/kg-hr, 1.0-1.5 mg/kg i.v.) introduced strong contractions similar to the interdigestive contractions. The result indicates that diminution of the adrenergic nerve activity of the myenteric plexus is one of the factors participating in occurrence of the interdigestive contractions. PMID- 6663934 TI - [Ba-induced contraction of the guinea pig ileal longitudinal muscle and its inhibition by D-600, benactyzine, and papaverine]. AB - In the guinea-pig ileal longitudinal smooth muscle, Ba caused an initial phasic contraction, followed by a gradual decrease of the contraction (tonic contraction). In the Ca-free and the Ca-free, K-rich physiological solution, Ba could also contract the longitudinal muscle, but 30 min- and 60 min-immersion of the tissue in the Ca-free solution decreased lower than 20% of control of the Ba contraction. Although the K-induced depolarization intensified the Ba contraction after the 30 min-immersion, within 10 min after the immersion in the two solutions there is no difference in the height of Ba contractions. In the normal physiological solution, Ba seems to serve the contractile protein with free Ca ions rather than itself for the Ba contraction. D-600 induced an equal inhibition on the Ba contractions in the normal physiological solution and in the Ca-free solution, and it inhibited the tonic contraction more than the phasic one. The phasic component may be due to the cellular Ca mobilized by Ba which passes through D-600-sensitive pathway, and at least part of the tonic component may utilize the extracellular Ca. Benactyzine perferentially inhibited the Ba contraction in the Ca-free solution, and it depressed the phasic component more than the tonic one. Treatment with papaverine induced an equal inhibition on the phasic and tonic components of Ba contractions and the Ba contraction in the Ca free solution. Benactyzine may exert the main influence on the mobilization of the cellular Ca through the competition with Ca. Papaverine seems to inhibit the Ba contractions by diverse actions. PMID- 6663935 TI - [Experimental and physiological study on the effects of autonomic drugs upon the pacemaker activity of pelviureteral peristalsis]. AB - Many workers have reported that alpha-adrenergic drugs activate and beta adrenergic drugs suppress the ureteral activity. On the other hand, recent studies have proved that the pacemaker in the renal pelvis controls the ureteral peristalsis. In this study, in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to explore the effects of autonomic drugs on pelvic pacemaker controlling the ureteral peristalsis. It was suggested that both of noradrenaline and isoproterenol stimulated the pacemaker activity itself, the former, however, elevated the renal pelvic pressure to accelerate the propagation of pacemaker activity consequently, while the latter decreased the renal pelvic pressure to suppress the propagation consequently. Acetylcholine stimulated the pacemaker activity and its propagation transiently, but base line of renal pelvic pressure with increased contraction pressure was decreased after drug administration. Furthermore, acetylcholine sometimes developed the retrograde peristaltic contraction from ureter to pacemaker region though the pelviureteral junction. Then acetylcholine might affect directly on ureter rather than on pacemaker itself and its propagation. PMID- 6663936 TI - [Intestinal motility and the serum motilin levels after abdominal surgery]. AB - Correlation of intestinal motility and serum motilin after abdominal surgery was investigated experimentally and clinically. The results were summarized as follows: The recovery of intestinal motility was faster in the dogs simply laparotomized than gastrectomized. The recovery of the small intestinal motility was followed by that of the large intestinal motility in the dogs. The intravenous infusion of the synthetic motilin markedly stimulated the intestinal motor activity in early postoperative period. Serum motilin levels significantly dropped one after abdominal surgery and rose again both in the dogs and the patients. The rate of increase of serum motilin levels at the postoperative period closely correlated with the recovery of the intestinal motility both in the dogs and the patients, that is, the higher the rate of increase was, the faster the recovery was. PMID- 6663937 TI - [Effect of stimulation of the tooth pulp on gastrointestinal motility in rabbits]. AB - Effects of electrical stimulation of the inciser tooth pulp on the gastrointestinal motility were investigated in the rabbit anesthetized with urethane and chloralose. Pulpal Stimulation caused an excitatory or an inhibitory effect in the gastric body and antrum and the ducodenum. After bilateral splanchnicotomy the excitatory response to the pulpal stimulation was reinforced or the inhibitory response converted to the excitatory response. An additional cervical vagotomy abolished the excitatory and inhibitory response. Atropine diminished the spontaneous efferent discharges of vagal gastric branch (VGB) and abolished the excitatory and inhibitory response to stimulation of the pulp and the inferior alveolar nerve. This agent also blocked the potentials of the VGB evoked by afferent stimulation of the inferior aveolar nerve. Hexamethonium bromide abolished the excitatory and inhibitory responses to the pulpal stimulation but did not affect spontaneous discharges and increased discharges of the VGB to pulpal stimulation. Morphine produced decreased rate of the spontaneous discharge of the VGB and abolished increased rate of discharges of the VGB as well as the gastrointestinal responses to pulpal stimulation. It is concluded from these results that the afferent impulses caused by pulpal stimulation and the inferior alveolar nerve 'reflex'ly activate the vagal motor nuclei in the medulla oblongata and the sympathetic splanchnic nuclei in the thoracic segments through the trigeminal nerve: The vagus nerves produced the excitatory response in the gastrointestinal motility, while the splanchnic nerves caused the inhibitory response. It was supposed that sites of action of atropine and morphine is not in peripheral site, but in the central nerves site. PMID- 6663938 TI - [Histamine-induced contraction of the guinea pig taenia coli and its inhibition by D-600, papaverine, and benactyzine]. AB - The histamine-induced contractions and effects of some smooth muscle relaxants on their contractions were examined in the guinea-pig taenia coli. Application of Ca to the Ca-free physiological solution caused a contraction of the taenia coli (Ca contraction), and histamine accelerated and increased the Ca contraction (H . Ca contraction). Histamine also contracted the taenia coli in the Ca-free solution (Ca(-) . H contraction). D-600 which preferentially reduces the Ca influx into muscle cells, more effectively depressed the H . Ca contraction and more feebly the Ca(-) . H contraction than histamine-induced contraction in the normal physiological solution. Papaverine inhibited the H . Ca contraction and the Ca(-) . H contraction more than the histamine-induced contraction. Benactyzine was a specific agent against the Ca(-) . H contraction. When the Ca contraction reached the peak, application of histamine induced a further contraction. D-600 effectively inhibited the Ca contraction and the further contraction induced by histamine. Although papaverine blocked the Ca contraction similarly to D-600, the application of histamine produced a large contraction. Benactyzine induced only a feeble inhibition on the Ca contraction, but it was effective against the following contraction caused by histamine. Histamine probably mobilizes the extracellular and cellular Ca and contracts the smooth muscle. Papaverine seems to inhibit smooth muscle contractions by diverse actions. Benactyzine may exert the main inhibition on the mobilization of the cellular Ca through the competition with Ca.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6663939 TI - [Antineoplastic agent sensitivity test by a stem cell assay. 1. Primary culture of renal cell carcinoma in a soft agar medium]. PMID- 6663940 TI - [Experimental model of hydronephrosis caused by partial ureteral obstruction]. PMID- 6663941 TI - [Tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flaps for coverage of the skin defect after extensive resection of penile cancer]. PMID- 6663943 TI - [Hydronephrosis. II. Excretion rates of urinary components in experimental hydronephrosis and prediction of functional recovery]. PMID- 6663942 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of bladder tumor using a hematoporphyrin derivative and laser irradiation]. PMID- 6663944 TI - [Experimental studies on obstructive nephropathy--changes and recovery of renal functions following partial ureteral obstruction]. PMID- 6663945 TI - [Diagnosis of impotence. 3. Reduction in REM (rapid eye movement) sleep in patients with impotence]. PMID- 6663946 TI - [Male impotence. 13. Differential diagnosis of impotence by polygraphic monitoring of overnight sleep]. PMID- 6663947 TI - [Clinical experience with Finney penile prosthesis for erectile impotence]. PMID- 6663948 TI - [Case of giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman) of the pelvic cavity with thrombocytopenia]. PMID- 6663949 TI - [Clinical studies of tuberculosis in hemodialysis patients]. PMID- 6663950 TI - [Surgical management of pulmonary infection caused by M. scrofulaceum]. PMID- 6663951 TI - [A case of pulmonary disease caused by M. fortuitum]. PMID- 6663952 TI - [Tuberculosis control program in technically advanced countries]. PMID- 6663953 TI - [Mechanism of the tuberculin reaction]. PMID- 6663954 TI - [Tuberculosis with a negative tuberculin reaction and tuberculin sensitivity in atypical mycobacterial infection]. PMID- 6663955 TI - [Cellular immunity and the tuberculin reaction in bacterial, viral and Mycoplasma pneumonias]. PMID- 6663956 TI - [Epithelioid cell granuloma formation and negative conversion of the tuberculin skin test in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6663957 TI - [Tuberculin allergy in malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 6663958 TI - [Prospect on tuberculosis. An etiological theory (II)]. PMID- 6663959 TI - [Sensitivities of atypical mycobacteria to various drugs. VI. Antibacterial effects of sulfonamides and their combinations in vitro]. PMID- 6663960 TI - [Clinicopathological and immunological studies of pulmonary tuberculosis in the aged]. PMID- 6663961 TI - [Overview of the studies of tuberculosis (2). Prevention and control of tuberculosis: a comment at the conclusion of review series commemorating the centenary of Koch's discovery of tubercle bacilli]. PMID- 6663962 TI - [Short course chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. 3. Initial intensive regimens including pyrazinamide]. PMID- 6663963 TI - [Background factors of fatal hemoptysis in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6663964 TI - [Drug combinations and duration of the regimen at the initial treatment of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6663965 TI - [Role of thoracic radiography in chemotherapy of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6663967 TI - [Contrast studies in two-dimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 6663968 TI - [Lipoprotein, protamine and heparin complexes]. PMID- 6663969 TI - [Determination of pain threshold for electric stimuli in coronary disease]. PMID- 6663966 TI - [Expectations for newly developed antitubercular agents--antitubercular activity of 27753RP]. PMID- 6663970 TI - [Incidence of ischemic heart disease in a highly industrialized region]. PMID- 6663971 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of spontaneous rupture of chorda tendineae]. PMID- 6663972 TI - [Case of rupture of a single chorda tendinea of the tricuspid valve diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 6663973 TI - [Echocardiographic picture in a case of pulmonary embolism with subacute course]. PMID- 6663974 TI - Indications and timing for surgery in congenital heart defects. PMID- 6663975 TI - [HDL fractions in men with coronary disease and arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs with normal plasma lipid levels]. PMID- 6663976 TI - [Significance of premature atrial stimulation in the diagnosis of heart conduction disorders]. PMID- 6663977 TI - [Possibilities of limiting the extent of myocardial infarct and correction of biochemical disorders by infusion of practolol]. PMID- 6663978 TI - [Late prognosis in patients with myocardial infarct complicated in its acute stage by atrioventricular block (II or III grade)]. PMID- 6663979 TI - [Evaluation of sinoatrial node function in healthy persons using selected reflex tests]. PMID- 6663980 TI - Renal adaptation to altered dietary sulfur amino acid intake occurs at luminal brushborder membrane. AB - The beta-amino acid transport capabilities of rat renal epithelium were assessed using brushborder membrane vesicles (BBMV). Taurine, a metabolically inert sulfur containing amino acid, was studied with emphasis on the renal adaptation to dietary sulfur amino acid alteration. Three isoproteinic diets were given to Sprague-Dawley rats: low-sulfur-amino-acid diet (LTD), normal-sulfur-amino-acid diet (NTD), and high-taurine diet (HTD). Our studies demonstrated that taurine is actively transported into membrane vesicles by a sodium-dependent transport system. This transport is enhanced by hyperpolarization with valinomycin and decreased by dissipation of the sodium gradient by gramicidin. On LTD (compared to NTD), plasma taurine, urinary taurine, and fractional excretion of taurine were reduced. On HTD (compared to NTD), plasma taurine, urinary taurine, and fractional excretion of taurine were elevated. In vitro studies in BBMV from NTD animals revealed a Km of 40 microM and Vmax of 102 pmoles/mg protein/30 sec. Other beta-amino acids significantly inhibited BBMV taurine accumulation. BBMV taurine uptake was enhanced after LTD (compared to NTD) and diminished after HTD (compared to NTD). These studies indicate that a renal adaptation to dietary alterations in sulfur-containing amino acids occurs and that the luminal brushborder membrane participates in the adaptation. Renal adaptative mechanisms to dietary change may serve to help conserve amino acids during deprivation and to excrete amino acids during periods of excess. PMID- 6663982 TI - Impact of age on effects of ureteral obstruction on renal function. AB - Chronic partial ureteral obstruction of the urinary tract is a common congenital abnormality. Yet, its impact on the function of the kidney in the young has not been examined. To determine the relationship between age at the time of injury and outcome, partial ureteral obstruction was produced in guinea pigs during the first, second, third, fourth, or fifth week of life, and several variables of glomerular, proximal and distal tubular functions were measured 4 weeks later. The results were compared with those obtained in the contralateral kidney and with those observed in age-matched sham-operated animals. There was a significant impairment in the growth of the obstructed kidney. The weight of the contralateral kidney in the experimental animals was significantly greater than that of the obstructed (P less than 0.001) or control (P less than 0.005) kidney, but compensatory hypertrophy decreased progressively with age, being 30% of control when the obstruction was produced in the second week of life and only 2% when the obstruction occurred at 5 weeks of age. Obstruction resulted in a marked reduction in GFR at all ages, the impairment being inversely proportional with age. Conversely, the increase in GFR on the contralateral side, which was proportional with the increase in renal mass, diminished from 60.1 to 20.5% (r = 0.96, P less than 0.001) as a function age. Tubular reabsorption of phosphate was significantly lower in obstructed kidneys, particularly so in the animals sustaining obstruction during the first 2 weeks of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6663981 TI - Amelioration of experimental glomerulonephritis by dietary protein restriction. AB - We have examined the effects of various levels of dietary protein intake on the course of nephrotoxic serum nephritis in the rat by feeding low (4.6% casein), standard (23% casein), and high (57.5% casein) protein diets which were identical in calorie, mineral, and electrolyte content. Nephritic rats on a high protein diet manifested heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, azotemia, and elevated serum creatinine levels. In those subjected to dietary protein restriction, proteinuria remitted and azotemia did not develop. While mesangial widening, interstitial abnormalities, and segmental proliferation and sclerosis of glomeruli occurred regularly in nephritic rats fed high protein diets, histologic abnormalities were virtually absent in those on low protein intake. Animals on a standard protein intake manifested histologic and clinical features intermediate in severity. We conclude that the renal functional and histologic consequences of nephrotoxic serum nephritis can be averted by dietary protein restriction. PMID- 6663983 TI - Paracellular shunt ultrastructure and changes in fluid transport in Necturus proximal tubule. AB - To define the structure-function relationships of the lateral intercellular space (LIS), we examined the ultrastructure of Necturus proximal tubule following experimental variation of fluid absorption with or without alteration of active sodium transport. Comparisons were made between (1) control (blood-perfused) kidneys and kidneys doubly perfused using either (2) Ringer solution with organic substrate, (3) Ringer solution with substrate in capillaries but steady-state solution in tubules, (4) Ringer without substrate, or (5) Ringer with low sodium. Intratubular and peritubular capillary pressures were monitored before and during standardized perfusion-fixation for electron microscopy and complete cross sections of sampled proximal tubules were analyzed by morphometry. All morphometric parameters were the same for proximal tubules in kidneys perfused with blood and kidneys perfused with substrate Ringer. Morphometric parameters of cells and lateral intercellular spaces were the same for tubules with normal volume reabsorption rate (Jv) and with Jv = 0 in substrate-perfused kidneys, and for tubules in kidneys perfused without substrate. However, in kidneys perfused with low sodium, cell height, cell volume, LIS-volume, and average maximum width of LIS were significantly decreased while tight junction length and peritubular length of LIS were unchanged. The results suggest that the measured dimensions of the lateral intercellular space in Necturus proximal tubule are independent of the magnitude of transepithelial salt and fluid movement per se but influenced by hydrostatic pressure gradients and active sodium transport. PMID- 6663984 TI - Potentiation of ischemic renal injury by amino acid infusion. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether amino acid hyperalimentation sensitizes the kidney to ischemic renal injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were infused with a control infusate or control infusate plus 15 essential and nonessential amino acids (FreAmine III, 2 mg of amino acids/kg/min). After 1 hr, bilateral renal ischemia was induced (15 min pedicle cross clamp). GFR, urine flow, and renal blood flow (RBF) were measured before and for 0 to 2 hr postischemia. None of these parameters were statistically different between the two groups of rats prior to renal ischemia. However, the decrease in GFR following renal ischemia was twice as great in the amino acid versus the nonamino acid treatment group (decreases 73 +/- 4% vs. decreases 36 +/- 4%, respectively; P less than 0.001). The postischemia urine flow rate was also significantly less (P less than 0.01) with amino acid treatment. RBF did not differ between the two groups. Renal histology confirmed greater tubular injury with amino acid treatment (P less than 0.001). In conclusion, infusion of therapeutic doses of amino acids can exacerbate early functional and histologic parameters of ischemic renal injury and thus, may sensitize the kidney to ischemic acute renal failure. PMID- 6663985 TI - Cell renewal of glomerular cell types in normal rats. An autoradiographic analysis. AB - Normal adult Sprague-Dawley rats received either a single or repetitive injection of the DNA precursor 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR). For autoradiography semi-thin sections were prepared 2 hr to 14 days after labeling. The majority of labeled cells noted in glomerular tufts were endothelial cells. Mesangial cells had a lower production rate. Podocytes revealed no evidence of proliferation. Bowman's capsule cells showed a higher labeling index than tuft cells at all times. Neither the urinary nor the vascular pole was found to be a proliferative zone for Bowman's capsule cells. The flash and repetitive labeling experiments demonstrated a constant rate of cell renewal of about 1% per day, resulting in a long life span for endothelial and mesangial cells as well as Bowman's capsule cells. These data provide a basis for cell kinetic studies in models of glomerular diseases. PMID- 6663986 TI - Reduction of renal blood flow and proximal bicarbonate reabsorption in rats by gentamicin. AB - Although aminoglycoside-induced acute renal failure occurs commonly, little is known about the mechanisms which alter renal hemodynamics. In sodium-depleted Sprague-Dawley rats treated with gentamicin, we measured RBF and GFR at the onset of this model of nephrotoxic acute renal failure. After 10 days of sodium chloride depletion, one group of rats received a single injection of gentamicin, 100 mg/kg, while control animals received the gentamicin vehicle. Twenty-four hours later, PCr and UNa/UCr were similar in both groups. CIn was unchanged, but RBF was reduced significantly (12.40 +/- 1.33 vs. 16.89 +/- 1.24 ml/min). Micropuncture studies revealed that although SNGFR was unchanged, end-proximal and early distal flow rates were increased significantly. End-proximal TFCl was reduced significantly in gentamicin-treated animals when compared to controls (130.7 +/- 3.9 vs. 149.5 +/- 4.1 mEq/liter). Early distal TFCl was also reduced significantly (32.4 +/- 2.0 vs. 44.3 +/- 1.4 mEq/liter). In other rats, 24 hr after a second injection of gentamicin, PCr and UNa/UCr were increased significantly and both GFR and RBF were reduced significantly. We conclude that the earliest hemodynamic change in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure is a reduction in RBF which precedes any change in GFR. A single dose of gentamicin also impairs proximal bicarbonate and water reabsorption and reduces end-proximal and early distal chloride concentration. PMID- 6663987 TI - Focal glomerulosclerosis in patients with unilateral nephrectomy. AB - To investigate whether proteinuria and focal glomerulosclerosis (FSG) might develop in humans as well as in experimental models following a reduction in renal mass, we performed a retrospective study of 24 patients previously nephrectomized for unilateral renal disease. None of the patients presented signs of systemic diseases. Alport syndrome, essential hypertension, reflux nephropathy, and other abnormalities on intravenous pyelography. At the time of the first observation seven patients had pathological proteinuria (group 1) while 17 presented a normal protein excretion (group 2). All patients in group 1 and only 4 of 17 in group 2 were male. No other significant differences were found between the two groups. The median age at nephrectomy of the proteinuric patients was 22.3 years, and proteinuria developed after a mean period of 12.2 years. A renal biopsy was performed in four patients and showed a constant pattern of FSG. After a mean follow-up period of 7.3 years from the onset, proteinuria remains unchanged and renal function is well preserved in all the patients. In conclusion our series suggests that also in humans proteinuria and FSG might appear in solitary kidneys due to nephrectomy. This glomerular damage may result from the association of glomerular overload with other unidentified factors. PMID- 6663989 TI - Effect of diet on plasma acid-base composition in normal humans. AB - Steady-state plasma and urine acid-base composition was assessed in 19 studies of 16 normal subjects who ingested constant amounts of one of three diets that resulted in different rates of endogenous noncarbonic acid production (EAP) within the normal range. Renal net acid excretion (NAE) was used to quantify EAP since the two variables are positively correlated in normal subjects. A significant positive correlation was observed between plasma [H+] and plasma PCO2, and between plasma [HCO3-] and plasma PCO2, among the subjects. Multiple correlation analysis revealed a significant interrelationship among plasma [H+], plasma PCO2, and NAE (r = 0.71, P less than 0.001), and among plasma [HCO3-], plasma PCO2, and NAE (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001). The partial correlation coefficients indicated a significant positive correlation between plasma [H+] and NAE, and a significant negative correlation between plasma [HCO3-] and NAE, when plasma PCO2 was held constant. These findings indicate that two factors influence the level at which plasma [H+] is maintained in normal subjects: (1) the steady state rate of endogenous noncarbonic acid production, and (2) the setpoint at which plasma PCO2 is regulated by the respiratory system. Plasma [HCO3-] is also co-determined by these two factors. In disease states, therefore, both factors must be known before a disturbance in acid-base homeostasis can be excluded. PMID- 6663988 TI - Blunted kaliuresis after an acute potassium load in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - We evaluated renal handling and plasma potassium (K) and aldosterone (PA) responses to acute oral K loading in 11 patients with tubulointerstitial renal disease (creatinine clearance 32 +/- 5 ml/min [SE] ) and 13 control subjects (creatinine clearance 123 +/- 5). After 4 days of a 10 mEq Na, 50 mEq K diet, the subjects received 0.5 mEq KCl/kg body weight. Prior to KCl there were no differences between the groups in plasma K or urinary K excretion (UKV). In the 4 hr following KCl, less of the load (13 +/- 4%) was excreted by patients than control subjects (54 +/- 5%; P less than 0.001). Plasma K at 3 hr post KCl, and the amount of retained potassium translocated into the intracellular compartment (patients 14 +/- 3; control subjects 7 +/- 2 mEq; P less than 0.05) were significantly higher in the patients than in control subjects. After KCl, PA levels increased in both groups, and the increments in the patients tended to exceed those of controls; patients with hypoaldosteronism, however, transferred less K into cells and had an even greater impairment of renal K excretion than those with normal baseline PA. The results indicate that the impaired response to an acute oral potassium load in chronic renal failure is related primarily to defective renal rather than extrarenal mechanisms. PMID- 6663990 TI - Inherited complement component deficiencies in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. AB - Anecdotal reports of complement component deficiencies in patients with immune complex disease led to a systematic study of the levels of seven complement components in serum specimens from 178 patients with glomerulonephritis and 163 normal subjects. Deficiencies were found with significantly higher frequency (22.7%) among 44 patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) types I and III, than among the normal subjects (6.7%, P less than 0.002) or among 134 patients with other glomerulonephritides (5.2%, P less than 0.001). The component deficiencies in MPGN were partial in nine patients and subtotal in one. They could not be ascribed to acquired hypocomplementemia or to a nephrotic syndrome. They were present over long periods, were found in family members, and involved C2, C3, factor B, C6, C7, and C8. Six were presumably the result of null structural genes, two were associated with a structurally abnormal component, and two were of unknown cause. The results give evidence that partial deficiency of one or more complement components is a factor predisposing to MPGN. PMID- 6663991 TI - The Hickman catheter: a new hemodialysis access device for infants and small children. PMID- 6663992 TI - [Emergency surgical diagnosis using a cytological method in cancer patients]. PMID- 6663993 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the thyroid]. PMID- 6663994 TI - [Oil fillers in plastic surgery of the breast]. PMID- 6663995 TI - [Mastectomy with simultaneous subcutaneous endoprosthesis of the breast]. PMID- 6663996 TI - [Giant cystic-cavernous lymphhemangioma of the anterior and posterior mediastinum]. PMID- 6663997 TI - [Multiple primary metachronous squamous-cell carcinoma]. PMID- 6663998 TI - [Giant lipoma of the interscapular region]. PMID- 6663999 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the liver]. PMID- 6664000 TI - [Isolated subcutaneous subserous rupture of the gallbladder]. PMID- 6664001 TI - [Madelung's lipoma]. PMID- 6664002 TI - [Treatment of melanoma of the skin with regional metastases]. PMID- 6664003 TI - [Extracutaneous malignant melanomas]. PMID- 6664004 TI - [Thymomas (clinico-roentgenological characteristics)]. PMID- 6664005 TI - [Therapeutic tactics in the early stages of mastopathy and cancer]. PMID- 6664006 TI - [Current principles of the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 6664007 TI - [Effect of spread of the neoplastic process on prognosis in breast cancer]. PMID- 6664008 TI - [Organ-sparing operations in breast cancer]. PMID- 6664009 TI - [Problems of hypo- and hyperdiagnosis of breast cancer]. PMID- 6664010 TI - [Breast cancer in men]. PMID- 6664011 TI - [Bile-draining operations in malignant tumors of the bile ducts]. PMID- 6664012 TI - [Postoperative cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 6664014 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the appendix]. PMID- 6664013 TI - [Primary cancer after gastrectomy]. PMID- 6664015 TI - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the rectum]. PMID- 6664016 TI - [Repeated radical operations in the recurrence of rectal cancer]. PMID- 6664017 TI - [Treatment of cancer of the large intestine in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6664018 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of diseases of the large intestine]. PMID- 6664019 TI - [Use of the occult blood test in the diagnosis of early forms of cancer and precancerous conditions in the colon and rectum]. PMID- 6664020 TI - [Detachment of the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve in partial atrioventricular canal--a case of successful surgical correction]. PMID- 6664021 TI - [Cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas]. PMID- 6664022 TI - [Obturating large intestine obstruction not due to a primary large intestine carcinoma]. PMID- 6664023 TI - [Cystic kidney diseases--diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6664024 TI - [Hospital infection in urology]. PMID- 6664025 TI - [3 cases in 1 family of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]. PMID- 6664026 TI - [Potentials of noninvasive methods for assessing disordered blood supply to the lower extremities]. PMID- 6664027 TI - [Nonepithelial benign stomach tumors]. PMID- 6664028 TI - [2 cases of lipomas of the large intestine]. PMID- 6664029 TI - [Marsupialization of the gallbladder mistakenly identified as an echinococcal cyst with the formation of a biliary fistula secondary to choledocholithiasis]. PMID- 6664031 TI - [Case of strangulated inguinal hernia combined with pseudomyxoma peritonei]. PMID- 6664030 TI - [Case of pseudomyxoma peritonei]. PMID- 6664032 TI - [Pseudoinvasion of the v. cava inferior in kidney carcinoma]. PMID- 6664033 TI - [Transrectal biopsy of the prostate with a Franzen needle for the cytological diagnosis and periodic control of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 6664034 TI - [Effect of sex hormones on the lacrimal gland. Effect of testosterone, estradiol and both hormones together on the morphological appearance of the lacrimal gland in the castrated rat]. PMID- 6664035 TI - [Corneal sensitivity and refractive errors]. PMID- 6664036 TI - [Effect of surgical treatment on the visual field in advanced glaucoma]. PMID- 6664037 TI - [Macular edema as a complication of senile cataract extraction related to the condition of the vitreous body]. PMID- 6664038 TI - [Secondary retinal detachment in vascular diseases of the eye of unknown etiology]. PMID- 6664039 TI - [Contemporary American ophthalmology. The training of specialists]. PMID- 6664040 TI - [Tactics in using glucocorticosteroids in severe forms of viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 6664041 TI - [Significance of histocompatibility antigens in the formation of different clinical forms and outcomes of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6664043 TI - [Generalized herpetic infection]. PMID- 6664042 TI - [Treatment with thymalin of severe and recurring forms of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6664044 TI - [Viral infections in hemoblastoses]. PMID- 6664045 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the treatment of iron deficiency anemias]. PMID- 6664046 TI - [Effect of gastrointestinal dialysis on the level of nitrogenous residues in the blood]. PMID- 6664047 TI - [Psychic and autonomic disorders in biliary dyskinesia]. PMID- 6664048 TI - [Clinical and anatomical characteristics of Lyell's syndrome]. PMID- 6664049 TI - [Therapeutic tactics in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 6664050 TI - [New possibilities and objectives in the differential diagnosis of pericarditis]. PMID- 6664051 TI - [Use of lasers for treating ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6664052 TI - [Treatment tactics in food poisoning complicated by ischemic heart disease and hypertension]. PMID- 6664054 TI - [Prognosis in angina pectoris]. PMID- 6664053 TI - [Pathogenesis of atypical pains in the cardiac region in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6664055 TI - [Early signs of cardiac insufficiency in alcoholic myocardiodystrophy]. PMID- 6664056 TI - [Diagnosis of secondary tumors of the heart]. PMID- 6664057 TI - [Changes in the cardiovascular system in grippe in patients with myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6664058 TI - [Thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of thoracic diseases]. PMID- 6664059 TI - [Role of lipids and their peroxidation products in the development of pneumosclerosis]. PMID- 6664060 TI - [Atypical acute appendicitis]. PMID- 6664061 TI - [Classification and pathogenesis of early and late complications of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6664062 TI - [Value of computed tomography in the diagnosis of echinococcosis of organs in the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 6664063 TI - [Septic forms of candidiasis in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6664064 TI - [Clinical and biochemical evaluation of the pathogenetic therapy of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6664066 TI - Relationship of mouse body weight and food consumption/wastage to cage shelf level. AB - The relationships between the shelf level at which mice were housed and body weight and food consumption/wastage were examined by analyzing data obtained from the first 9 months of a carcinogenic dose-response study carried out in 24,192 female BALB/c mice using 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) as the carcinogen. Each cage, containing four mice, was maintained on a rack at a given shelf level throughout the course of the experiment to allow analysis of data by shelf level. The amount of food removed from each feeder and the body weight of each mouse was measured weekly. Average body weight gain during the first 12 weeks was lowest on the top shelf, highest on the next two shelves, and progressively lower as the shelf approached the lowest level on the rack. Body weights attained by week 36 of the experiment generally reflected this same pattern. Weekly food consumption/wastage, as measured by disappearance of food from the feeder, generally showed the converse shelf-level pattern as that shown by body weight gain. Removal of food from feeders was greatest on the top shelf, lowest on the next shelf, and progressively increased with each succeedingly lower shelf. Although it is not clear whether the food removal pattern was related more to food consumption or food wastage, the observation was reproducible. PMID- 6664065 TI - Diagnostic exercise. PMID- 6664067 TI - Spontaneous gastric erosions in NOD and KK-A gamma. AB - Histopathological examinations of stomachs of insulin-dependent (NOD) and noninsulin-dependent (KK-A gamma) mice were carried out. Spontaneous erosions in the fundic area were observed in 31% of NOD and 35% of KK-A gamma mice. The morphological features of the erosions were similar to those of erosions produced by stress. Although no erosions were detected in nondiabetic C3H/Slc mice raised and maintained in the same animal room, the presence of hyperglycemia and glycosuria in NOD and KK-A gamma mice did not appear to have a direct correlation with development of erosions. NOD and KK-A gamma mice may be useful animal models for human stress ulcers. PMID- 6664068 TI - A forced-air individually ventilated caging system for rodents. AB - The practice of using a protective filter apparatus when housing five mice per cage resulted in ammonia levels exceeding 25 ppm. A forced-air individually ventilated caging system was constructed using polyvinyl-chloride tubing fitted to a rodent rack. The ammonia level was decreased using this ventilation system. PMID- 6664069 TI - Ameloblastic odontoma in a rat. AB - A spontaneous ameloblastic odontoma was found in an 86-week-old male Fischer 344 rat. Radiographic and histopathologic characteristics confirmed the diagnosis as a true benign neoplasm. PMID- 6664070 TI - A simple method for intragastric administration of powdered materials to rats. AB - A simple technique was used for administration of powdered material directly into the stomach of rats. A commerically available positive displacement pipetting device was filled by tamping the cannula tip into the powder. The contents of the cannula could then be discharged into the stomach by insertion of the cannula via the esophagus. The device required only minor modifications prior to its use in this manner. The technique provided a means of accurate dosing of insoluble materials and eliminated the difficulties encountered in the oral administration of suspensions. PMID- 6664071 TI - Aneurysms in a large colony of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). AB - This communication reports the findings of a retrospective study of extracranial aneurysms found at necropsy in a large colony of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Eleven (1.5%) of 730 cases had dissecting, saccular, or fusiform aneurysms of the carotid arteries or aorta. Saccular and fusiform aneurysms were found only in animals that had been fed atherogenic diets, whereas dissecting aneurysms occurred in both normo- and hypercholesterolemic monkeys. Neither the type or location of aneurysms, however, could be predicted by the length of time an animal consumed an atherogenic diet, nor by the total mean serum cholesterol concentration. The anatomical characteristics, location, and incidence of aneurysms found in squirrel monkeys resembled closely those observed in human autopsy cases. PMID- 6664072 TI - Hysterosalpingography: a technique to aid in assessment of reproductive fitness of female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). AB - A hysterosalpingography method was developed to examine the uterine cavity and oviducts of potential additions to our squirrel monkey breeding colony and those animals within the colony with a history of infertility. Females to be examined were anesthetized and placed in dorsal recumbency. A needle was inserted transabdominally into the body of the uterus, the cervix was sealed with a clamp applied vaginally, and water soluble contrast media was infused into the uterine cavity with sufficient pressure to fill the oviducts. Radiographs were obtained during infusion resulting in visualization of the uterine cavity and the lumina of the oviducts. The ovaries were visualized as they were surrounded by contrast media draining from the fimbriae of the oviducts. Hysterosalpingography proved to be a useful method for clinical evaluation of reproductive potential of female squirrel monkeys. It also has provided a means to diagnose causes of infertility associated with dysfunction of the oviducts. PMID- 6664073 TI - Spontaneous endometriosis in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - An adult female Macaca fascicularis developed anorexia and minimal fecal production. Abdominal palpation was unrewarding. Rectal palpation revealed a rectal stricture and a large soft tissue mass in the area of the uterus. Clinical pathology tests were within normal limits. Exploratory surgery and histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of endometriosis. PMID- 6664074 TI - Use of a facemask to protect the intra-oral area in cynomolgus monkeys. AB - A custom fiberglass facemask was designed for cynomolgus monkeys to protect an orthodontic appliance. The mask was constructed from impressions and models made of the animal's head. It prevented the fingers from entering the mouth to dislodge the intra-oral appliances. The facemask permitted normal physical activity, eating, and drinking. PMID- 6664075 TI - Adenocarcinoma of Brunner's glands in a baboon (Papio cynocephalus). AB - A spontaneous neoplasm in an adult female baboon (Papio cynocephalus) was characterized by glandular formation, production of extracellular mucus, and focal invasion of the duodenal wall and pancreas. The tumor was diagnosed as a mucus-secreting adenocarcinoma of Brunner's glands. PMID- 6664076 TI - A comparison of rumen fermentation patterns in sheep and goats given a variety of diets. PMID- 6664077 TI - Nutrient composition of stone fruit (Prunus spp.) cultivars: apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach and plum. PMID- 6664078 TI - Skull shape in relation to carcass fatness in pigs. PMID- 6664079 TI - Nutritional toxicity of raw kidney beans in pigs. Immunocytochemical and cytopathological studies on the gut and the pancreas. PMID- 6664080 TI - Fatty acids of the mud skipper Boleophthalmus boddaerti. PMID- 6664081 TI - System evaluation and substance identification in systematic toxicological analysis by the mean list length approach. AB - In systematic toxicological analyses (STA), analytical methods are needed with a high Identification Power. The mean list length (MLL) approach, which is an improved and extended version of the Identification Power concept, provides an objective tool for the evaluation and optimum choice of analytical methods for STA. The MLL approach is elucidated and applied to the screening for basic drugs by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Its usefulness for TLC and GLC systems for the identification of these basic drugs has been evaluated for both single systems and combinations of systems. The MLL approach is also substance directed and can be applied to computerized data searches and substance identification. The method is applicable for single analytical systems and combinations of systems. Mixtures of substances can also be handled. PMID- 6664083 TI - Identification of drugs by principal components analysis of Rf data obtained by TLC in different eluent systems. AB - The retention factor of 54 drugs in eight eluent mixtures is reported. Principal component analysis (PCA) of these data provided a significant two-components model. These two parameters characteristic for each drug allowed an objective identification of unknown samples, provided they were included in the considered set. The analysis showed that the eluent mixtures cluster into three groups. The PCA model, using only three eluents (one for each group), was also able to restrict the range of inquiry to a few "candidates" and, in some cases, to allow unambiguous identification of the drug. These results, based on a simple and quick analytical determination (thin layer chromatography) and a reliable statistical procedure (PCA), appear to be of significant practical importance in the field of analytical toxicology. PMID- 6664082 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of gentamicin in serum with spectrophotometric detection. AB - A simple, accurate, and specific liquid chromatographic procedure is described for the determination of gentamicin in 50 muL of serum. Gentamicin and sisomicin (IS) were converted into their trinitrophenyl derivatives by reaction with a water soluble derivatizing agent at 70 degrees C for 30 minutes. The derivatives were extracted from the crude mixture with chloroform, which was separated, evaporated, and the residue reconstituted in acetonitrile. Gentamicin was separated into three major isomers (C1, C2, and C1a) on a reversed-phase octyl column by eluting with a mobile phase. The eluted compounds were detected at 340 nm and quantified from their peak heights or peak areas. Chromatography was complete in less than 11.0 minutes. The lower limit of detection for gentamicin was less than 0.5 mg/L, analytical recoveries varied from 96.6% to 99.3%, linearity extended to 15.0 mg/L, and day-to-day precision was between 2.2% to 2.9%. PMID- 6664084 TI - Quinoline and methylquinolines in cigarette smoke: comparative data and the effect of filtration. AB - A method has been developed to determine quantitatively quinoline, isoquinoline, and each of the methylquinoline isomers in cigarette smoke. This method was applied to the smoke of several different commercial cigarettes with and without filter tips. Quantitative analyses were accomplished by capillary gas chromatography, using a 50-m OV-101 fused silica capillary column and a 50-m Dexsil 300 fused silica column. Quinoline, isoquinoline and all seven of the methylquinolines were found in cigarette smoke. When cigarettes were analyzed with and without filter tips, these compounds were reduced by filtration, but not as much as tar was reduced. The significance of these data is discussed in view of the biological activity of specific isomers of these environmental pollutants. PMID- 6664085 TI - Social contexts and motives for drinking in men. AB - Factor analysis identified nine distinct contextual-motivational factors for drinking in 1517 healthy men. These factors were significant predictors of level of alcohol consumption and discriminated subjects reporting drinking problems from those reporting no problems. PMID- 6664086 TI - Services for the families of alcoholics. A survey of treatment agencies in Massachusetts. AB - A survey of treatment agencies showed that alcohol misusers' families remain on the periphery of the treatment process. When the spouses or children did receive services, it was usually in the form of individual counseling. Despite their growing popularity, conjoint couples therapy, group couples therapy and family treatment were seldom used. PMID- 6664087 TI - Medical students' performance in reporting alcohol-related problems. AB - Medical students reviewing the hospital course of a young man with acute gastritis and alcoholism accurately reported the physical aspects of the patient's presentation and course, but paid less attention to the issue of alcoholism. PMID- 6664088 TI - The influence of self-concept on outcomes of intensive alcoholism treatment. AB - The hypothesis that self-concept is a valid measure of the outcome of alcoholism treatment was supported, but the hypothesis that self-concept is a predictor of treatment success was not supported. PMID- 6664089 TI - Rate of alcohol metabolism; do not "correct" the beta 60 estimate for comparisons among ethnic groups. AB - Many studies have attempted to "correct" or "refine" initial beta 60 estimates of the rate of alcohol metabolism. The present study, however, finds that such "corrections" may be in error and that beta 60 is the best estimate now available for comparisons of alcohol clearance among individuals or ethnic groups. PMID- 6664090 TI - New evidence on controlling alcohol use through price. AB - A problem in earlier studies of the demand for beer, wine and distilled spirits was determining the effect on one category of alcoholic beverage of price changes in other categories. The present study estimates the demand for all alcoholic beverages, finding a stable relationship over a 40-year period. Policy implications are also discussed. PMID- 6664092 TI - Psychosocial correlates of alcohol and drug use of adolescent students and adolescents in treatment. AB - The level of substance use by adolescent students and adolescents beginning treatment for alcohol and drug problems was related differentially to perceived psychological distress, self-concept, perceived parental environment, and negative events and behaviors caused by alcohol and drug use. These measures combined with selected sociodemographic variables to predict with a high degree of accuracy the level of substance use by the respondents. PMID- 6664091 TI - Violent deaths among alcoholics. A descriptive study. AB - In a follow-up study of 1289 alcoholics 6-9 years after treatment, 52 had died by violent means. Suicide and homicide were the leading causes of violent death, with deaths in fires and pedestrian accidents also occurring with some frequency. PMID- 6664093 TI - National study of the demography of adolescent drinking practices in 1980. AB - According to a national survey, adolescent drinking patterns appear to have remained relatively stable in the last half decade. Among those aged 16-18, 73% are drinkers; drinking and drunkenness continue to be age- and sex-graded phenomena. PMID- 6664094 TI - Risk of alcohol-related hospital admission in men as predicted by marital status and social class. AB - Marital status and social class were significant predictors of alcohol-related hospital admission and their effects seemed to be additive. PMID- 6664095 TI - Personality typology of men and women alcoholics in relation to etiology and prognosis. AB - In a study of the MMPI personality types of hospitalized men and women alcoholics, the Neurotic and Classic types had the characteristics of reactive alcoholism, and the Psychopathic, Schizoform A and Schizoform B types had the characteristics of essential alcoholism. Demographic variables and treatment prognosis also varied according to MMPI personality types. PMID- 6664096 TI - Ultrastructure of meiotic chromosomes in boys undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia. AB - Meiotic chromosomes from four boys treated with combination chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia were analysed ultrastructurally by serial sectioning and reconstruction of spermatocyte chromosomes. Analysis of the 1012 chromosomes in 22 zygotene and pachytene spermatocyte nuclei showed that in most of the cells that reached the pachytene stage, one or more of the following abnormalities were found in the intranuclear structures: decreased condensation of euchromatin, centromeric heterochromatin, diffuse heterochromatin, or abnormal nucleolar morphology. The total number of recombination nodules and -bars was within normal limits, but in some nuclei the ratio between the two types of structure was inappropriate for the stage, indicating developmental asynchrony. With the exception of one nucleus, there was no increase in abnormalities of pairing and synaptonemal complex formation. The number of structural aberrations in autosomal and sex chromosomes was similar to that found in the reference material. The repair system responsible for resolving chromosome interlockings in zygotene was functioning. It is not possible to predict which of the short term effects found will become permanent and thus pose a risk of genetically abnormal conceptions. New means of classifying meiotic chromosomes, of evaluating the synchrony of development, and of analysing the telomere attachment pattern are described. PMID- 6664097 TI - Further evidence for oxidative damage to hemoglobin and red cell membrane in leukemia. AB - The presence of significant methemoglobinemia in a large number (79%) of cases of leukemia prompted us to look into the evidence for oxidative injury to the other red cell constituents, e.g. the cell membrane. Forty-five per cent of cases showed increased malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels indicating in vivo peroxidation of membrane lipids in leukemia patients. Red cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was reduced in 25% of cases while plasma alpha-tocopherol levels were markedly low in 68% of patients. The presence of an inverse correlation between MDA levels and SOD and tocopherol levels in a large number of cases suggested that the red cells in leukemia lack the ability to counter increased oxidative stress. Low hemoglobin content of the red cells in these patients seemed to contribute to the oxidative injury to the membrane by rendering the latter more accessible to the oxidants. While methemoglobinemia may enhance tissue hypoxia, membrane lipid peroxidation could explain the shortened erythrocyte life-span and anemia in leukemia. PMID- 6664098 TI - Effect of in vivo exposure to benzene on the characteristics of bone marrow adherent cells. AB - The effect of benzene on the adherent cell population, cultured from the bone marrow of exposed mice was investigated in the presence and absence of hydrocortisone. The adherent CFUs from exposed animals did not differ either in numbers or self-replicate ability to those derived from shown exposed animals. Adherent layers from mice exposed to 100 or 400 pp-benzene were devoid of fat cells regardless of the presence or absence of hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone was shown to influence the proportion of acid phosphatase-positive cells derived from benzene-exposed animals. Those results suggest that benzene exposure may influence the bone marrow stromal cells. PMID- 6664099 TI - [Teratogenic effect of anticonvulsants]. PMID- 6664101 TI - [Effect of histamine and its antagonists on the muscular tone of the non-pregnant uterus in the woman]. AB - In the isolated strips of the individual parts of the human uterus (body, corns, cervix) histamine, promethazine, and cimethidine, proportionally to the dose applied, have proved to increase the muscular tonus. The blocking agents of histamine H-1 receptors (promethazine) and H-2 receptors (cimetidine), separately or jointly administered in the dose of 10 micrograms/ml, significantly diminish the tonicizing effect of histamine. The effect of histamine on the uterine muscular tonus is brought about through histamine H-1 and histamine H-2 receptors. PMID- 6664100 TI - [Evaluation of the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of gynecologic tumors]. AB - The value of ultrasound (US) is analysed by means of ROC-curves (receiver operating curves) taking into consideration both the sensitivity and specificity of the method, as well as the prevalence of particular tumours in the examined group. US diagnosis is compared with clinical and surgical findings. The authors have found that the degree of reliability achieved by either the clinical or the US method of diagnosing myomas is almost the same. In the diagnosis of benign cysts and carcinomas, however, US has more advantages. PMID- 6664102 TI - [Effect of histamine and its antagonists on the muscle tone of the body of the non-pregnant and pregnant human uterus]. AB - In the uterus body of nongravid and gravid women, proportionally to the dose used, histamine, promethazine, and cimetidine produce an increased muscular tonus, which is more pronounced in gravid uteri. The blocking agent of histamine H-1 receptors, promethazine, and the blocking agent of histamine H-2 receptors, cimetidine, separately or jointly applied in a dose of 10 micrograms/ml, significantly decrease the tonicizing effect of histamine. Histamine exerts its influence on the muscular tonus of the body of nongravid and gravid human uteri through histamine H-1 and histamine H-2 receptors. PMID- 6664103 TI - [Etiological factors in sterility and infertility as risk factors in future pregnancies]. AB - An analysis was made of 1420 patients with threatened spontaneous or habitual abortions and pre-term deliveries, concerning the incidence of some etiological factors of infertility that might have been risk factors in the actual pregnancy. The number of pregnant women over 35 years of age in the treated series was significantly higher than in the control group. History data on sterility in the former group showed the incidence of 4.37% and in the control group 1.10%, the difference being highly significant (P less than 0.001). In the investigated series 154 patients (10.85%) had already had previous pre-term deliveries, while in the control group pre-term deliveries amounted to 3.20%, the difference being statistically highly significant (P less than 0.001). History data on spontaneous abortions in the first group showed the incidence of 69.57% (846 patients) and in the control group 16.20% (P less than 0.001). Uterine malformations were recorded in 69 gravidae (4.86%) in the treated group and in 1.20% in the control group, the difference being statistically highly significant (P less than 0.001). In addition to etiological factors, a high incidence of the following anomalies was also revealed: uterine hypoplasia and myoma, cervical laceration, cervico isthmical insufficiency, and perinatal deaths in the history of the treated group. The importance of antenatal care of pregnant women with previous sterility and infertility is emphasized, as well as the need for considering the prophylactic use of beta-sympathomimetics. PMID- 6664104 TI - [Our approach to the diagnosis and treatment of the causes of infertility]. AB - The authors put forward their own scheme of investigating possible causes of infertility. In everyday clinical routine the results of such investigations are limited. Most useful data are obtained by a detailed anamnesis, hysterosalpingography, bacteriological analysis, and cytogenetics. In the therapy of spontaneous abortion strict rest is recommended. Gestagen therapy is applied in bleeding in the first trimester only when fetal life is proved (ultrasound). Early protecting cerclage is to be performed between the 14th and the 16th gestation week. The importance of a positive psychological relation between physician and patient is emphasized. PMID- 6664105 TI - [Importance of the determination of mean blood pressure values in the 2d trimester of pregnancy for the early detection of pregnancy toxemias]. AB - In 240 pregnant women the blood pressure mean value in the second trimester of pregnancy was determined after the method of Page and Christianson; in 40% the value was 11.3 kPa or higher, and 90% of all later manifest hypertensions in pregnancy came from this group. In 17% of pregnant women the blood pressure mean value exceeded 12 kPa and this group contained 63.2% of all later manifest hypertensions in pregnancy--among them 6 out of a total of 7 severe or very severe cases of hypertension. PMID- 6664106 TI - [Determination of the mean pH of fetal blood during the pushing phase of labor]. AB - The pH of the fetus and mother in the phase of pressing in 100 normal deliveries, which served as the control group, was analysed. An average decrease of the pH by 0.07 in both the fetus and the mother was recorded, starting from the full opening of the cervix until the termination of labour. This result is evaluated by the determination of the pH in 121 cases of disturbed pregnancies, singling out 9.9% of fetus in preacidosis and 11.6% of fetus in acidosis, which is significantly higher than in the control group. It is pointed out that the detection of acute fetal suffering in labour should not be limited to the time of opening only but that it should be carried out also in the phase of pressing. PMID- 6664107 TI - [Cervical mucus before and after cryotherapy of benign changes in the vaginal part of the cervix uteri]. AB - Bacteriological findings obtained by the Cryo-method of cervical smears before and after the treatment of cervicitis and ectopia in the vaginal part of the uterine cervix of 64 women revealed certain essential changes. Before the Cryo therapy, pathogenic microorganisms were verified in 49 patients (76.56%), while saprophytic flora was isolated from 15 patients (23.45%). After the treatment, this proportion was significantly changed: saprophytic flora was isolated from 45 patients (70.34%), while pathogenic flora continued persisting in 19 patients (29.67%). Eight weeks following the treatment, instead of a dense, non-elastic, opaque, cellular secretion before the Cryo-therapy, a clear elastic, acellular mucus was recorded. PMID- 6664109 TI - [Evacuation of a hydatidiform mole with ultrasonic guidance]. AB - In addition to being the best method for the diagnosis of the hydatidiform mole, ultrasound is also used in the surgical treatment of the mole. The procedure of the evacuation of the complete hydatidiform mole by vacuum suction and continuous ultrasonic monitoring is described. The method is illustrated by three cases. PMID- 6664108 TI - [3 simultaneous primary malignant tumors in the female genitalia]. AB - The authors describe the rare case of a triple primary malignant tumor in 59 old women. It consisted of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri, leiomyosarcoma of myometrium and granulocellular carcinoma of the ovary. The patient was treated by surgery and irradiation. No signs of recurrence have appeared in the four post-operative years. PMID- 6664110 TI - [Intrauterine growth of live-born twins in the area of Sibenik, Split and Zadar]. AB - By a retrospective analysis the authors studied live-born twins by gestation weeks and birth weight and height: there were 1,195 first-born and 1,189 second born twins, all from three neighbouring Dalmatian towns (Split, Sibenik and Zadar). A common curve was worked out of the intrauterine growth of both the first and the second twins and a separate curve of each of them. The curves have shown that the twins' birth weight was increassing up to the 40th week of pregnancy; in the 41st week the curve already went down. The authors conclude that twin pregnancy should not last more than 40 weeks. PMID- 6664111 TI - [Complications after surgery for abdominal pregnancy due to a retained placenta]. AB - During the operation of abdominal pregnancy the placenta was left in the patient's abdominal cavity. Six years later the patient was again operated on for a swelling in the lower part of the abdomen where a cavity full of pus and the remains of placental tissue was found. In the authors' opinion, the abscess appears to have been causally connected with the necrosis of the non-resorbed placenta. PMID- 6664112 TI - High spontaneous and mitogen-induced activity of mononuclear cells in lymph draining normal human skin. AB - Lymphocytes in afferent lymph draining skin are derived from populations selected at the capillary level to enter the tissue space and which migrate spontaneously through the tissue to the initial lymphatics. These cells reveal a high spontaneous transformation rate in a 72 h culture. The mean 3H TdR incorporation was in a 24 h culture 2 times and in a 72 h culture 5 times higher than that of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the same subjects. The lymph cells responded significantly stronger to low concentrations of PHA, ConA and PWM than the blood cells. Also, the peak response of lymph cells was apparent at lower concentrations of mitogen in culture than of blood cells. The lymph cell population revealing a high spontaneous transformation rate was found to be the OKT4 enriched subset (induced/helper). The findings of a high spontaneous activation of lymphocytes which trafficked through the normal skin and defining this highly reactive subset as an OKT4-positive and strongly responsive to mitogens, reflect the in vivo immune events in the normal skin. PMID- 6664113 TI - Natural killer lymphocytes in rat liver sinusoidal blood. AB - Blood-borne cells with the characteristics described for the natural killer (NK) lymphocytes were recovered from the liver sinusoids in rat. They had cytotoxic activity against K 562 cells in a 18 h 51Cr release assay, target binding rate and large granular lymphocytes percentage higher than the inflowing portal blood cells. The cytotoxic effector population was non-adherent and peroxidase negative, enriched in cells with Fc- and C36-receptors. Deprivation of liver of portal or mesenteric blood supply significantly decreased the liver NK activity not affecting the level of cytotoxicity in the portal blood. Splenectomy produced only a moderate decrease of activity. These findings may indicate that liver sinusoids is the site of accumulation of blood-born NK cells or of maturation of the NK-precursors. One possible mechanism by which natural cytotoxicity controls tumor growth and spread might be the killing of circulating tumor cells arrested in the liver by the blood-born NK-cells. PMID- 6664114 TI - The effect of steroids on the circulating lymphocyte population. V. Effect of prednisolone treatment on cell size and life span of the thoracic duct lymphocyte population in normal and neonatally thymectomized rats. A radioisotope study. AB - Using 3H-TdR isotope labelling in vivo, the effect of a high corticosteroid dose was correlated to cell size and life span of thoracic duct lymphocytes in rats. The lymphocytopenia in thoracic duct lymph during the involution phase (3 hrs after treatment) was a marked depletion of small lymphocytes, followed by a restitution to pretreatment cell levels within one day. The original lymphocyte population had a higher per cent of labelled small lymphocytes (50%) in comparison to the returning population which contained fewer (35%) small labelled cells. Label index (i.e. labelled cells of a certain cell size in percent of total cell number) was unchanged for all cell sizes during both involution and restitution phases. This unchanged label index profile as well as an earlier described unchanged cell size distribution support the hypothesis of lymphocyte trapping and redistribution as a major effect of a single prednisolone dose. The decrease of labelled small lymphocytes in the returning cell population can, however, also agree with a minor lymphocytolytic effect on circulating small lymphocytes. Our data do not support the hypothesis of two different lymphocyte populations with different life span. Neither could a redistribution of lymphocytes be found in any lymphoid tissue compartment or in femur bone marrow, during the involution phase after corticosteroid treatment. PMID- 6664115 TI - Lympho-nodal fibrosclerosis in primary lymphedema. Part one: Considerations on lympho-nodal fibrosclerosis in primary lymphedema. AB - Segments of an inferior inguinal ganglion and of an external iliac (upper inguinal) ganglion were microscopically examined in 46 cases of bilateral primary lymphedema and 26 cases of unilateral primary lymphedema. The examination was performed bilaterally and comparatively to a set of ganglions unaffected by lymphedema, during the years 1974-1978. In all the lymph nodes originating from the patients with lymphedema important morphopathological alternations were noticed, chiefly consisting in fibrosis, fibrosclerosis, fat loading, hyalinization processes, giganto-cellular responses, etc., leading even to an aspect of cirrhosis, lympho-nodal pseudo-cirrhosis. These alterations were also found on the healthy side of the patients with unilateral primary lymphedema at the time of the microscopical examination. In the same patient clinical edema appeared in the following years. The degree of the morphopathological alterations was greater in the side of the greater edema and more peculiar in the cases of bulkier edema. PMID- 6664116 TI - Lympho-nodal fibrosclerosis in primary lymphedema. Part two: Consequences of lympho-nodal fibrosclerosis on lymph stasis in primary lymphedema. AB - The inguinal-iliac lympho-nodal fibrosclerotic processes appearing in female patients with primary lymphedema bring about an obvious tendency of reduction of the circulatory flux in the afferent lymphatics at some distance from the lympho nodal area: at the foot or at the shank. The inguinal lympho-nodal morphopathological alterations (examined in 72 cases of primary lymph-edema) were followed, by distal lymph stasis at the level of the foot and of the leg, without sensibly affecting the lymph flow in the thigh. These aspects of the lymph stasis adjacent to the lympho-nodal areas are striking in the patients with secondary lymphedema. PMID- 6664117 TI - Canine renal lymph formation during acute ECF expansion. AB - Renal lymph flow, composition and pressure were related to renal function and hemodynamics before and during acute extracellular fluid (ECF) expansion (Ringer's solution, 10% of body wt.) in anesthetized dogs. ECF expansion caused increases in renal lymph pressure and flow and a decrease in the plasma concentration and L/P ratio for protein without altering the transfer rate of protein from blood to lymph (lymph clearance). In contrast, the L/P ratios for creatinine and PAH were unchanged following ECF expansion while the lymph clearances of these substances increased roughly in proportion to the increase in lymph flow. These findings are consistent with two alternative hypotheses: a) renal lymph merely participates in the generalized increase in lymph formation that follows nononcotic ECF dilution, or b) some or all of the observed lymph flow increase was derived directly from an excess of tubular reabsorbate. PMID- 6664118 TI - Electron microscopy of the effects of Unguentum lymphaticum on acute experimental lymphedema and various high-protein edemas. AB - Rats' legs and feet were studied by qualitative and quantitative electron microscopy, including mass densitometry of protein in the tissues and in the initial lymphatics. The tissues were either normal, or had been made edematous by lymphostasis, moderate burns, or dextran. It was found that Unguentum lymphaticum very greatly reduced the amount of edema in the legs with lymphostasis. Since the concentrations of plasma protein in the tissues and initial lymphatics, and its total amounts in the tissues were all greatly reduced, it appears that the cream's anti-lymphedematous activity is via a removal of the excess protein. Since the macrophages were greatly increased in number by the cream (and previous work shows that selectively poisoning these cells prevents much of the cream's effectiveness in lymphedema), very probably it is this increase in their numbers (and possibly their individual proteolytic activities) which is how the cream causes the removal of the excess protein--via an increased proteolysis. The cream also causes an increase in the amount of edema in the rat-foot (after all the injuries, including lymphedema); however the concentration and amount of protein in the tissues is reduced. This is consistent with an inflow of low protein fluid, caused by a vaso-dilatation of the blood microcirculation of this rather specialized tissue. All of these characteristics are very similar to those of many of the benzo-pyrone group of drugs. PMID- 6664119 TI - Ductus thoracicus lymph in mice. 1. A technique for cervical approach. AB - A method is described for the collection of lymph from the thoracic duct in anaesthetized mice by a silastic catheter inserted into the duct proximal to the jugulo-subclavian junction. The operative procedure takes about 5 min, and there is less operative trauma to the animals than by the previously used abdominal approach. Lymph flow amounts to 0.396 ml/h and cell content to 38.6 X 10(6)/ml. PMID- 6664120 TI - Ductus thoracicus lymph in mice. 2. Enzyme activities and protein content. AB - Lymph was collected in anaesthetized mice by a newly developed cervical approach (see preceding paper). Short term drainage, which should not alter the colloid osmotic forces, meets the physiological requirements for determination of protein content and enzyme activities in lymph and plasma. For cellular enzymes such as creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase, lymph plasma ratios higher than 1 are reported. Besides the well known lymphatic transport route for protein and albumin, the highly significant lymphatic transport of cellular enzymes to the actual intravasal enzyme activity is emphasized. PMID- 6664121 TI - Diuretic-induced cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 6664122 TI - The Maryland child safety seat law. PMID- 6664123 TI - Breach of contract and the Yellow Pages. PMID- 6664124 TI - Arbitration of medicolegal disputes. PMID- 6664125 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus VI: Hematologic and serologic abnormalities. PMID- 6664126 TI - Comparative mechanical performances of some new devices for fixation of unstable pelvic ring fractures. PMID- 6664128 TI - Errors in four-electrode impedance plethysmography. PMID- 6664127 TI - Data processing of vertical foot forces for the clinical assessment of pathological gait. PMID- 6664129 TI - Experiments on flow limitation during forced expiration in a monoalveolar lung model. PMID- 6664130 TI - Oxygen transfer across a reciprocating membrane. PMID- 6664131 TI - Reflection from elastic discontinuities. PMID- 6664132 TI - Online control of d-tubocurarine induced muscle relaxation: a simulation study. PMID- 6664133 TI - Microelectrode amplifier for intracellular stimulation and recording. PMID- 6664134 TI - Skin impedance and electro-osmosis in the human epidermis. PMID- 6664136 TI - Voltage regulators for implants powered by coupled coils. PMID- 6664135 TI - Impedance measurement of individual skin surface electrodes. PMID- 6664137 TI - Auxiliary circuit for the adjustment of transmitters for powering implants by coupled coils. PMID- 6664138 TI - Apparatus for measuring the functional capacity of the knee extensors and flexors. PMID- 6664139 TI - Isolated amplifier circuit for monitoring impedence, current passage and recorded signal from metal microelectrodes. PMID- 6664140 TI - Measuring device for biomechanical impedance using an impedance head. PMID- 6664141 TI - [Actometer designed for the study of the newborn]. PMID- 6664142 TI - [Gonococcal infection in the male]. PMID- 6664144 TI - [Bronchial asthma and aerosol bronchodilators: incorrect use in our milieu]. PMID- 6664143 TI - [Boutonneuse fever: prospective study of 49 cases]. PMID- 6664145 TI - [Bronchodilators in aerosol form]. PMID- 6664146 TI - [Clinical course of advanced microvascular complications in diabetic patients undergoing long-term treatment with the subcutaneous insulin infusion pump]. PMID- 6664147 TI - [Cardiac insufficiency in the hungry bone syndrome]. PMID- 6664149 TI - [Prolonged febrile syndrome and gastric leiomyosarcoma]. PMID- 6664148 TI - [Apropos of the Ministerial Order regulating methadone treatment]. PMID- 6664150 TI - [Brucellar myelitis]. PMID- 6664151 TI - [Nifedipine: possible drug of choice in hypertensive emergencies]. PMID- 6664152 TI - Non-invasive assessment of cardiac function curves in clinical pharmacology by systolic time intervals and echocardiography. PMID- 6664153 TI - PQ-intervals and serum concentrations as indices of verapamil absorption following sublingual, buccal and per oral administration in man. PMID- 6664154 TI - A sensitive method to evaluate effects of analgesics in man. AB - In recent papers (8, 12, 13) it has been shown that the analysis of event related brain potentials has become a powerful tool in attempts to quantify pain experience in man. However, the following conditions have to be fulfilled when cerebral potentials are used to measure experimentally induced pain, as well as pain relief under pharmacological treatments: 1) randomization of stimulus intensities to minimize effects of habituation within and between sessions (3), 2) randomization of interstimulus intervals with a minimum distance of about 15 seconds to avoid overlapping effects, and 3) control of the power spectral density of brain activity immediately before the stimulus is applied. In searching for pain related cerebral potentials a principal component analysis was utilized. The grand mean of all evoked potentials (analysis period 500 ms) was built, and the brain potentials were decomposed into basic waveforms for the different experimental conditions (painful-nonpainful; different kinds of skin stimuli). Two components were found as correlates of the painfulness in a sample of 8 healthy untreated subjects (4). In order to demonstrate the usefulness and sensitivity of the here described methods to quantify analgesic effects in man, the opioide tilidine and the opiate antagonist naloxone were orally administered in different combinations. In detail, the 5 treatments: tilidine (100 mg), naloxone (32 mg), tilidine (100 mg) + naloxone (8 mg), tilidine (100 mg) + naloxone (32 mg), and placebo, were given double blind (3 replications of 5 X 5 Latin squares) in 15 healthy subjects, each participating in 5 sessions with exactly 3 days intervals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6664155 TI - [Inhibition of motility and cytoprotective action of supidimide in the human stomach]. AB - 200 mg of Supidimide inhibit the spontaneous motility of the stomach for 90 to 120 min after oral administration. The effect is significant (placebo-control). 100, 200, and 400 mg of Supidimide decrease significantly the gastric transmural potential difference curves triggered with ethanol. PMID- 6664156 TI - Pitfalls and errors in drug monitoring: pharmacokinetic aspects. AB - The measurement of drug concentrations in biologic fluid has become an imperative part of drug research, clinical studies and drug monitoring in therapy. The use of blood "levels" often results in non-conclusive information, misinterpretation and failure. Besides logistic, compliance and analytical problems pharmacokinetic aspects also ought to be considered for reliable use of drug concentrations. The following pharmacokinetic aspects are discussed: number of blood samples, optimal timing for blood sampling, exact recording of time of dose given, exact recording of sampling time, potency, dosage form used, circadian rhythm, and steady state versus non-steady state. PMID- 6664157 TI - Pitfalls and errors in drug monitoring: analytical aspects. AB - Drug analyses, whether for purposes of evaluating new drug products or as part of clinical monitoring programs, have become frequently requested tests in both clinical and industrial laboratories. From the time of phlebotomy, throughout the transportation, processing and storage of the specimen, during the actual analytical procedure and throughout the clerical reporting of the data, certain potential errors and limitations in the system exist which should be fully recognized for proper evaluation of the laboratory data. PMID- 6664158 TI - The measuring of the antiinflammatory effect of a compound on the skin of volunteers. PMID- 6664159 TI - [Imadyl: gastric irritation in comparison with acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, piroxicam and diclofenac-Na]. AB - A study on 10 healthy male volunteers with the new non-steroidal antiphlogistic drug Carprofen is reported. Carprofen was tested versus Aspirin, Indomethacin, Piroxicam, and Diclofenac-Na using the model of measuring the gastric transmural potential difference (GPD). The lowest values of the relevant parameters concerning the gastric irritation were measured after administration of Carprofen. PMID- 6664160 TI - [Gastric stimulus response: Euphylline, theophylline, ethylenediamine and Riopan: gastric transmural potential difference (GPD)]. AB - Across the surface of the stomach mucosa exist large electrolytic concentration differences. While the pH value of the mucosa cells remains very constant within the range of 7.0 to 7.2, the pH value of the stomach fluctuates between 1 and 5. The differences in concentration of H-ions and other ions on both sides of the mucosa membrane result in an electrical voltage. Measurement of this voltage permits inferences to be made about the integrity of the mucosa cells. The electrical voltage and its changes can be measured and evaluated using a model developed in our institute++. Previously, there existed no studies comparing the irritation on the human stomach of solutions of Euphylline(R) and Theophylline. Now, using the ++aforementioned model, we have performed such a study by examining the gastric transmural potential difference changes in nine (9) healthy subjects receiving Euphylline(R), Theophylline, and Ethylendiamin dihydrochloride in a cross-over design. Additionally, we have attempted to clarify if it is possible to suppress the irritation caused by Theophylline with Riopan(R). The investigation led to the following results: 1) The gastric irritation caused by Euphylline(R) solution is statistically smaller than that caused by Theophylline solution; 2) The Ethylendiamin dihydrochloride solution caused a minor irritation smaller than that of Euphylline(R) solution; and 3) A pretreatment with Riopan(R) reduced the irritation of the Theophylline solution. PMID- 6664162 TI - [Voice care and voice-improving surgery]. PMID- 6664161 TI - [Pupillometry: a non-invasive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic method to study the action of trospium chloride (Spasmo-lyt) on smooth muscle]. AB - The basic principle of pupillometry is to measure the changes of pupillar++ diameter versus time. We used a special device: split lam stand, black and white television camera with monitor fixed to a Polaroid. Trospium chloride is a compound with anticholinergic efficacy. The injection of 0.8 mg of trospium chloride followed by oral administrations of 10, 20, and 40 mg showed increasing effects on the mydriatic reaction. Comparing the area under the curves made it possible to estimate the bioavailability of the compound. PMID- 6664163 TI - [The psychosocial readiness of the women's clinic]. PMID- 6664164 TI - [The human ovum and research - an overview of problems related to fertilization and division]. PMID- 6664165 TI - [Is the operation theater a necessity at an orthopedic surgery clinic?]. PMID- 6664166 TI - [Implantable infusion pump for continuous regional cytostatic treatment]. PMID- 6664167 TI - [Extrahepatic carcinogenesis. Cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes of the monoxygenase type are of major importance]. PMID- 6664168 TI - [Gastrointestinal disorder in combination with beer drinking as a cause of hyponatremia?]. PMID- 6664169 TI - [Otogenic brain abscess as a complication of chronic otitis]. PMID- 6664170 TI - [Purple-toe syndrome - a side effect of peroral anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 6664171 TI - [Tonsillectomy a chaud - an alternative treatment of peritonsillitis]. PMID- 6664172 TI - [Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by diclophenac-Na in renal calculus pain]. PMID- 6664173 TI - [Magnesium therapy in preeclampsia--eclampsia]. PMID- 6664174 TI - ["Sausage finger" - a mycobacterial infection]. PMID- 6664175 TI - [Massive ergotamine therapy of headache]. PMID- 6664176 TI - [Primary pulmonary hypertension - pulmonary veno-occlusive disease]. PMID- 6664177 TI - [High blood pressure and anesthesia]. PMID- 6664178 TI - The acquisition of communicative intentions in infants eight to fifteen months of age. PMID- 6664180 TI - The roles of expectation and syntactic knowledge in second and fourth graders' comprehension of complex sentences. PMID- 6664179 TI - Head movement correlates of juncture and stress at sentence level. PMID- 6664181 TI - Redundancy, pause distributions and thought disorder in schizophrenia. PMID- 6664182 TI - Simultaneous measurements of vowels produced by a hearing-impaired speaker. PMID- 6664183 TI - [Long-term results following resection and esophageal reconstruction in esophageal cancer]. AB - Between 1968 and end of 1981 162 patients, aged 30 to 77 years (mean 59,9 years) underwent esophageal resection and digestive tract reconstruction for carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia. There were 102 squamous cell- and 60 adenocarcinomas which were located in 8 patients in the upper thoracic third, in 67 patients in the middle third and in 87 patients in the lower thoracic third including the cardia. Esophago-gastrostomy was performed in 138 cases whereas colon was used in 18 and jejunum in 6 cases. Overall hospital mortality was 14.8% and was reduced to 9.4% during the period from 1976 to 1981. Survival rates at two years and 5 years were 31.8% and 5.6% resp. However, for patients with seemingly "curative" resections, i.e. when the carcinoma was limited to the esophageal wall and the lymph nodes were found uninvolved, these rates were 73.2% and 23.7% resp. Follow up studies in 103 patients revealed typical functional sequelae such as anastomotic stenosis and reflux in less than 20% of the patients. The incidence of such symptoms was higher in patients with a low subhilar anastomosis than in patients with a high supraaortic anastomosis. It is concluded that esophageal resection and reconstruction of intestinal passage for carcinoma may significantly prolong survival and may warrant a fairly acceptable quality of life. More than 70% of the investigated long-term survivors were leading a normal life also resuming an improved nutritional status. PMID- 6664184 TI - [Prognosis of follicular thyroid cancer in the Tyrolean endemic goiter area]. AB - 89 follicular thyroid cancers (from 1952 to 1975) with detailed histology, complete clinical data and follow-up were analysed by several variables of which some prognostic importance could be expected. The observed survival times range from 0.08 to 27.75 years. Observed cumulative and expected survival rates were calculated and evaluated statistically. Evaluation of individual prognosis naturally demands a combination of histological, macropathological and clinical data: extent of primary tumor, capsular penetration and vascular infiltration, lymphnode involvement and distant metastases proved to be important parameters. The classification in intra-and extrathyroid carcinoma is to be preferred to the T-classification of the UICC, because it is simple and of great prognostic value. PMID- 6664185 TI - [Sonographic evaluation of early, radiologically negative intestinal obstruction]. AB - Four cases of complete intestinal obstruction were diagnosed by sonography in an early, radiologically negative stage. The clinical benefit of this diagnostic procedure was assessed by comparison with 48 patients suffering from ileus and diagnosed by plain X-ray. Pertinent sonographic parameters are described and related to pathophysiological disorders occurring in obstructed bowel segments. When gaseous distention makes plain X-ray diagnosis feasable, the clinical condition of the patients deteriorates with synchronous disappearance of sonographic evidence of the disease. Thus, sonographic diagnosis may contribute to earlier treatment of this emergency situation. PMID- 6664186 TI - [An epidemic of lymphocytic meningitis caused by echovirus 6]. PMID- 6664187 TI - [Fat embolism--apropos of 44 cases]. PMID- 6664188 TI - [A case of pulmonary sequestration associated with Aspergillus pathology]. PMID- 6664189 TI - [Functional pathology of the lower urinary tract in children]. PMID- 6664190 TI - [Shy-Drager disease. Apropos of 5 cases including 1 with anatomical study]. PMID- 6664191 TI - [Effect of nicergoline on the level of growth hormone in diabetic patients]. PMID- 6664192 TI - [Association of myasthenia and disseminated lupus erythematosus. Review of the literature apropos of a case]. PMID- 6664193 TI - [Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of adults. Apropos of 88 cases seen at Amiens]. PMID- 6664194 TI - [Twins]. PMID- 6664195 TI - [Tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies in children]. PMID- 6664196 TI - [Hypertelorism--hypotelorism]. PMID- 6664197 TI - [Retrospective study of infection in cirrhotic patients (apropos of 125 patients)]. PMID- 6664198 TI - [The concept and organization of (scientific) research activity at the new clinical hospital in Zagreb]. PMID- 6664199 TI - [Incidence of intrahospital infections in sideropenic anemia]. PMID- 6664200 TI - [Diagnosis of intraoral carcinoma in primary medical care]. PMID- 6664201 TI - [The effect of leukemic infiltration of the liver on levels of alkaline phosphatase in the serum, serum transaminases and serum protein]. PMID- 6664202 TI - [Bacteremia due to the use of caval catheters]. PMID- 6664204 TI - [The school sponge--an indicator of fecal circulation in the classroom]. PMID- 6664203 TI - [Lumbar disk hernia--analysis of 10 years of work]. PMID- 6664205 TI - [Familial Mediterranean fever--report of a patient]. PMID- 6664206 TI - [The bundle of His electrogram as the decisive indicator for permanent electrostimulation of the heart]. PMID- 6664207 TI - [The ethics of medical statistics]. PMID- 6664208 TI - [Rational treatment of cardiac decompensation today]. PMID- 6664209 TI - Hepatic and pulmonary cytosolic metabolism of epoxides effects of aging on conjugation with glutathione. AB - In liver cytosol from male Fischer 344 rats, glutathione S-transferase specific activities with six epoxide substrates were lower in the 24-month-old (senescent) group than in the 3-month-old (young) group. With lung cytosol from males and liver and lung cytosol from females, specific activities declined with only some of the substrates. Age-related increases in protein content in male and female rat liver occurred by 12 months of age (middle-age) and remained elevated through senescence. In addition, increases in liver weights in males similarly occurred so that total metabolic rates tended to be highest in middle-aged males and similar in young and senescent groups. Few changes similar to these were found in liver cytosol from females or lung cytosol from males or females. Thus, tissue-, sex-, and substrate-specific alterations in epoxide metabolism occurred during aging. PMID- 6664210 TI - Problems in the measurement of zinc using heparin as an anticoagulant. AB - Although several reports imply that anticoagulants and preservatives contain zinc, the quantity of zinc in heparin, if any, has not been documented. Zinc concentration was determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy in varying dilutions of multiple commercially obtained samples of purified sodium heparin N = 15 (microgram Zn/1000 Units heparin). Rubber stoppers of sterile heparin vials and of blood evacuation tubes were incubated in pre-analyzed water or saline on a mechanical shaker with fluid aliquots obtained up to 27 hours and analyzed for zinc content (microgram Zn/0.1 ml). Heparin, with contact or without contact with rubber stoppers, recorded identical zinc concentrations. Zinc concentrations varied from 0.222 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- SE) to 3.49 +/- 0.005 microgram Zn/1000 Units heparin. Leaching of zinc from rubber stoppers of vacutainer tubes (N = 9) was noted only with those containing known chelators of zinc. These results indicate that zinc is present in certain lots of sodium heparin and that caution must be exercised when reporting zinc concentrations of blood samples that contain sodium heparin as the anticoagulant. PMID- 6664211 TI - Increased GH responsiveness to dopamine receptor stimulation in alcohol addicts during the late withdrawal syndrome. AB - In humans the release of growth hormone (GH) elicited by dopamine (DA) and DA agonists may represent a reliable model to assess change in sensitivity of DA receptors. We now report that in chronic alcoholics, 4-7 days after the suspension of alcohol consumption, the increase of GH response to DA infusion was higher than that seen in non alcoholic volunteers. The specificity of this GH response to DA administration was demonstrated by the use of domperidone, a novel peripheral antagonist of DA receptors. These results suggest the development of hyper-responsiveness of DA receptors involved in the control of GH secretion in chronic alcoholics during the later phases of the "withdrawal syndrome". PMID- 6664212 TI - The conversion of Met-enkephalin-Arg6, Phe7 to Met-enkephalin in rabbit ear artery. AB - We studied the opioid agonist activities of met-enkephalin-Arg6, Phe7 heptapeptide (ME-A,P) and its D-Ala2-analogue in several isolated organs including rabbit ear artery (ART), guinea-pig ileum (GPI) mouse-, rat and rabbit vas deferens preparation. Both heptapeptides followed the in vitro activity pattern of met-enkephalin (ME). There was a significant parallelism in the sensitivity of ART and mouse vas deferens to opioid peptides. In ART, ME-A,P must be converted by a captopril sensitive enzyme to exert opioid agonist action. Incubation of heptapeptide with membranes prepared from rabbit ear artery revealed the captopril-sensitive enzymic conversion of ME-AP to ME as detected by high voltage paper electrophoresis. PMID- 6664213 TI - Release of the heptapeptide Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and of the octapeptide Met enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 from rat striatum in vitro and their rapid inactivation. AB - The heptapeptide Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (MERF) and the octapeptide Met enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (MERGL) are potent opioid peptides present in the sequence of proenkephalin, the common precursor of Met- and Leu-enkephalin (ME and LE). We demonstrate that MERF and MERGL are released concomitantly with ME and LE from rat striatal slices following a depolarisation by K+. This release is a Ca2+-dependent process. While the ratios of ME to LE, MERF and MERGL found in the tissue (ME/LE = 2.6; ME/MERF = 3.1; ME/MERGL = 4.5) are in good agreement with the ratios found in the proenkephalin molecule (ME:LE:MERF:MERGL = 4:1:1:1), the amounts of MERF and MERGL recovered from the medium are low compared to those of ME and LE, suggesting a rapid degradation of released MERF and MERGL. In fact, when incubated with striatal slices, (3H-Tyr)-MERF is rapidly degraded by four classes of peptidases: the "enkephalinase", the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), aminopeptidase(s) and an endopeptidase releasing the tetrapeptide Tyr-Gly Gly-Phe (YGGF). Whereas the activities of the three former peptidases are reduced or abolished in the presence of thiorphan (0.1 microM), captopril (1 microM) and bestatin (20 microM), the amount of YGGF formed by the endopeptidase is not reduced in these conditions but actually increased. PMID- 6664214 TI - Characterization of N alpha-acetyl-alpha-endorphin from rat neurointermediate lobe and its distribution in pituitary and brain. AB - N alpha-Acetyl-alpha-endorphin was characterized from rat neurointermediate lobe. The distribution of the acetylated and the non-acetylated form of alpha-endorphin in dissected areas of pituitary and brain appeared to be uneven. alpha-Endorphin appeared to be the main peptide in the anterior pituitary, whereas in the neurointermediate lobe N alpha-acetyl-alpha-endorphin accounted for most of the alpha-endorphin immunoreactivity. In the brain, the highest concentration of alpha-endorphin immunoreactivity was found in the hypothalamus. In hypothalamus and thalamus alpha-endorphin predominated, whereas in amygdala, hippocampus and septum N alpha-acetyl-alpha-endorphin represented most of the alpha-endorphin immunoreactivity. In view of the non-opioid properties of acetylated endorphins, it is suggested that acetylation represents a mechanism allowing the organism to specifically select the non-opioid behavioral activities enclosed in the endorphin sequence. PMID- 6664215 TI - Uptake/internalization of Met-enkephalin by brain synaptosomes. AB - In this manuscript, we provide evidence for the uptake of met-enkephalin by brain neurons. Tritiated met-enkephalin was accumulated by a crude synaptosomal fraction of rat brain, in the presence of peptidase inhibitors. Characterization of this process in striatum and mediobasal hypothalamus showed incubation time- and temperature-dependence and inhibition in part by several metabolic inhibitors. 3H-met-enkephalin uptake could be abolished in a dose-dependent manner by increasing concentrations of unlabelled met-enkephalin. Preincubation with naloxone resulted in up to 50% reduction of 3H-met-enkephalin uptake, suggesting a partial dependence on an opiate receptor interaction. 3H-met enkephalin uptake was significantly reduced by freezing and thawing of the tissue preparation and completely abolished by addition of detergent or colchicine. The process showed dependence on substrate concentration, but was not saturable. Kinetic analysis of the 3H-met-enkephalin uptake revealed that the overall process best fit a transport model postulating the presence of a high-affinity, saturable uptake mechanism together with a second nonsaturable one. The uptake showed regional variation in brain with a distribution that closely paralleled those reported for met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity and opiate receptor density. The precise significance of this 3H-met-enkephalin accumulation in brain remains to be determined. Whether this process represents 'reuptake' in the classical sense for termination of action, or internalization by some other process remains to be shown. PMID- 6664216 TI - Opioid activity released from cat spinal cord by sciatic nerve stimulation. AB - Spinal superfusion was performed in anesthetized cats before and during sciatic nerve stimulation. The superfusates were fractionated on Sephadex G-10 columns and thereafter on electrophoresis and HPLC. The endorphin activity was monitored by radioreceptor and radioimmunoassays. In additional experiments, chromatographic fractions were subjected to enzymatic digestion prior to radioimmunoassay. Nerve stimulation caused a release of at least three different endorphins which separated on electrophoresis, one of which comigrated with [Met]enkephalin-Lys6. The identity of this peptide was further supported by HPLC analysis and radioimmunoassay. Furthermore, enzymatic degradation experiments provided evidence for the presence of enkephalin sequences in all three components released by stimulation. There were also increased dynorphin concentrations during stimulation. These findings suggest that at least two different endorphin systems (enkephalin and dynorphin) are functionally present in spinal cord and may be activated by somatic stimulation. PMID- 6664217 TI - Co-release of enkephalins and precursors with catecholamines by the perfused cat adrenal in-situ. AB - In the present study we have carefully determined the nature and amount of enkephalin immunoreactive product co-related with catecholamines by the cat adrenal gland perfused in-situ. Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity (IR) and total Met-enkephalin-IR obtained after digestion of large enkephalin containing peptides were released by electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerves, with 0.1 mM acetylcholine perfusion or 50 mM K+. We have found that in response to splanchnic nerve stimulation 47% of enkephalinergic material was on the form of small peptide (Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, heptapeptide, octapeptide). When drastic stimuli like perfusion with 50 mM or 0.1 mM acetylcholine were used, the bulk of the enkephalinergic material was present on the form of large fragments of the precursor. These results are interpreted as follows: when physiological stimuli are used, mature granules containing fully processed precursor are released; when drastic chemical stimuli are applied, unmature granules containing partially processed precursor are also released. PMID- 6664219 TI - Behavioral effects of opiates on the land snail Helix aspersa. AB - The terrestrial snail Helix aspersa appears to have an endogenous opiate system involved with regulating its locomotor activities as well as its responses to tactile stimulations. In animals which were repeatedly injected with the same dose of morphine, tolerance developed. Injection of the opiate antagonist, naloxone, resulted in a gradual reversal of the morphine induced behavioral characteristics. In addition, the effect of morphine on locomotor activity can be considered biphasic. At higher doses morphine induced a state of muscular rigidity in the organisms whereas at lower doses the animals were hyperactive. PMID- 6664218 TI - Modulation of adenylate cyclase activity by a cytosolic factor following chronic opiate exposure in neuroblastoma x glioma NG108-15 hybrid cells. AB - A soluble cytosolic factor from neuroblastoma x glioma NG108-15 hybrid cells stimulates adenylate cyclase activity in isolated membrane preparations. This cytosolic component is heat stable, pronase insensitive, has a molecular weight less than 350 daltons and an absorbance peak at 260 nm. The stimulation is immediate, independent of Ca++ and exhibits a sigmoidal concentration dependency curve. The cytosolic factor stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in etorphine treated cells (100 nM etorphine, 16 hrs) to a greater extent than in control cells. In addition, cytosolic factor derived from etorphine treated cells, as compared to control cells, displayed an increased capacity to stimulate adenylate cyclase. It is suggested that the observed cytosolic factor may be adenosine and that cells chronically treated with an opiate exhibit an increase in both concentration and sensitivity to this agent. PMID- 6664220 TI - Proenkephalin-A-derived peptides are present in human brain. AB - The opioid peptides [Met] enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, [Met]-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8, and BAM-12P were identified in various ares of human brain by use of a combination of radioimmunoassay (RIA), gel filtration, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest levels of each peptide were found in striatum, followed by substantia nigra, hypothalamus, and medulla. In all areas, the relative concentrations were [Met] enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 less than [Met] enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 less than BAM-12P. The apparent existence of BAM-12P suggests that the enzymatic processing of the proenkephalin A precursor in human brain is not restricted to cleavage at sites with two basic amino acids. Our results provide evidence that a precursor similar or identical to that present in the adrenal medulla exists in human brain. It appears that the processing mechanisms are different, as virtually none of the immunoreactivity found in the brain was comprised of the higher molecular weight forms of the peptides seen in the adrenal. PMID- 6664221 TI - Study of the syn and anti isomerism of the long-lasting opiate antagonist naloxazone and related compounds. AB - A 13C-NMR study of the long-acting opiate antagonists naloxazone (I) and naltrexazone (II) and the long-acting opiate agonist oxymorphazone (III) revealed that these compounds are formed as mixtures of their anti and syn isomers. The less crowded anti isomer was found to be the major product in all cases (ca. 80%). N,N-Dimethyl derivatives of naloxazone (IV), naltrexazone (V), and oxymorphazone (VI), which are sterically more crowded than the corresponding unsubstituted hydrazones I-III, were formed as almost exclusively anti isomers. Pure anti isomer of II was obtained as a 1:1 complex with ethanol. No syn-anti equilibration was observed during the 13C-NMR experiment in any of the cases studied. The relevance of our finding about the syn-anti isomerism of the opiate hydrazones to the understanding of their interactions with the opiate receptor is discussed. PMID- 6664222 TI - Divergent structure activity relationships in series of enkephalin agonists and cognate antagonists. AB - Diallylation of the amino group of [Leu]enkephalin methyl ester yields a moderately potent, delta-selective opiate receptor antagonist. The diallyl congeners of a larger range of potent mu-and delta-selective enkephalin agonists have been prepared and were found to be weak, non-selective antagonists as assessed by their ability to antagonise the effects of normorphine and [Leu]enkephalin on the field-stimulated mouse vas deferens. Conversely, whereas [Gly3 psi (CH2S)Phe4,Leu5]enkephalin and [Gly3 psi(CH2S)-D-Phe4,Leu5]enkephalin are virtually inactive as opiate agonists the corresponding diallyl analogues are moderately potent, highly selective delta-antagonists. Analogues of diallyl[Leu]enkephalin in which the Gly2 and Gly3 residues have been replaced by D- and L- Ala have also been prepared and tested as delta-receptor antagonists. In addition, the empiric energy program ECEPP has been used to derive eighteen low energy conformations of diallyl[Leu]enkephalin and to estimate the effect of the D- and L-Ala substitutions on the conformer energies. Two conformers were identified for which there was a partial correlation between the variations in conformational energy and delta-antagonist potency. PMID- 6664223 TI - Purification of the N-terminal fragment of proenkephalin from bovine adrenal medulla. AB - Two forms of the N-terminal fragment of proenkephalin have been purified from the bovine adrenal medulla and characterized. One of these proteins contains the sequence of Met-enkephalin and is composed of residues 1-77 of proenkephalin. The other protein does not contain Met-enkephalin and is composed of residues 1-72 of proenkephalin. PMID- 6664224 TI - Agonist and antagonist properties of some benzomorphans on nociceptive reaction and intestinal transit in rats. AB - The agonist and antagonist properties of bremazocine, ethylketazocine, Mr 2034 and Mr 2092, benzomorphans with the same pharmacological actions in vitro, were studied in vivo in rats. Overnight fasted animals were tested for nociceptive reaction on a 55 degrees C hot-plate and for the intestinal transit of a charcoal meal fed 5 min earlier. The antagonist activity was assessed by the drugs' ability to prevent morphine-induced constipation. Bremazocine was an agonist on the nociceptive reaction and a pure antagonist on intestinal propulsion; ethylketazocine and Mr 2034 were pure agonists in both tests and Mr 2092 was a mixed agonist-antagonist in the intestinal transit test. Thus the in vivo agonist antagonist properties of opiates cannot always be predicted from their in vitro characteristics. PMID- 6664225 TI - The release of Met-enkephalin from the guinea-pig ileum at rest and during peristaltic activity. AB - Segments of guinea-pig ileum maintained at an intraluminal pressure of 0cm H2O released methionine-enkephalin-like material (ME) into the bathing fluid. Elevation of intraluminal pressure to 5 cm H2O induced peristalsis and reduced ME release both in the absence and presence of naloxone (0.27 microM). Following prolonged distension, tissues developed intermittent peristaltic activity. ME release during intermittency was consistently and significantly (p less than 0.05) greater than that observed from tissues exhibiting continuous peristalsis. These results suggest that ME release is associated with nonpropulsive activity in the guinea-pig ileum. PMID- 6664226 TI - Stimulation of colonic motility in dogs and rats by an enkephalin analogue pentapeptide. AB - Hoe 825 causes contractions of the large bowel in conscious dogs, this effect was poorly dose-dependent. The stimulatory effect could be blocked by naloxone. In the pentobarbital-anaesthetized rat, Hoe 825 led to a dose-dependent increase in contractions of the large bowel with a threshold dose of 0.3-1/microgram/kg i.v. and again the effect could be blocked by naloxone. The "in vitro" preparation of the rat colon strip could be brought to contractions in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 2 X 10(-10) mol/ml. This sensitive in vitro test system might be a useful and simple bioassay for enkephalins, when their gut stimulating properties are under investigation. The enkephalin peptide Hoe 825 acts via peripheral opiate receptors and does not need central nervous innervation, at least in rats. The powerful effects of Hoe 825 on the large bowel in conscious and anaesthetized animals might be of therapeutic value in humans under conditions were gut motility is missing especially in paralytic ileus. PMID- 6664227 TI - Footshock produces analgesia but no gastrointestinal motility effects in the rat. AB - The effect of inescapable footshock was determined on gastrointestinal motility in unanesthetized rats. Inescapable footshock did not affect gastric emptying, small or large intestinal transit. Footshock produced a brief, naloxone reversible thermal analgesia. These data indicate that gastrointestinal motility and analgesia are controlled by different central nervous system opioid mechanisms. PMID- 6664228 TI - Levallorphan methyl iodide (SR 58002), a potent narcotic antagonist with peripheral selectivity superior to that of other quaternary compounds. AB - The peripheral selectivity of the newer quaternary narcotic antagonist levallorphan methyl iodide (SR 58002) was found superior in mice to those of the previously available compounds N-allyl levallorphan (CM 32191), N-methyl nalorphine (MNph) and N-methyl naloxone (MNx). SR 58002 and MNph were the most potent (ID50, mg/kg s.c., 3.6 and 3.7) in preventing constipation by s.c. morphine (charcoal meal). Antinociception (hot-plate) of s.c. morphine was completely prevented by MNx, MNph and CM 32191 (ID50, mg/kg s.c., 1.6, 8.6 and 15.2) but only partially antagonized by 30 mg/kg s.c. SR 58002. Constipation elicited centrally by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) morphine was prevented by either s.c. MNx or MNph but not by SR 58002 or CM 32191, up to 60 mg/kg. PMID- 6664229 TI - Relative ability of N-methyl nalorphine and N-methyl levallorphan to prevent antinociception and intestinal transit inhibition in morphine treated rats. AB - Nalorphine, levallorphan and their quaternary analogs, N-(eq)allyl derivatives of the two diastereoisomers at the nitrogen atom (N-methyl nalorphine and N-methyl levallorphan) were tested for their peripheral selectivity. We compared their relative ability to prevent morphine-induced (5 mg/kg i.v.) antinociception (central antagonism) and constipation (peripheral antagonism) in the same rats. Nalorphine and levallorphan reduced morphine-induced antinociception to half maximal response at doses of 5.1 and 0.89 mg/kg s.c. and restored the intestinal transit to 50% of controls (AD50) respectively at doses of 0.25 and 0.12 mg/kg. N methyl nalorphine up to 24 and N-methyl levallorphan up to 30 mg/kg given s.c. 10 min before morphine did not antagonize narcotic-induced antinociception, fully preventing constipation (AD50 0.65 and 0.32 mg/kg respectively), but when injected 50 min before morphine they partially lost their antagonist potency (AD50 2.3 and 2.6 mg/kg respectively) and peripheral selectivity. N-methyl nalorphine and N-methyl levallorphan thus seem more peripherally selective than their tertiary analogs and more potent than quaternary narcotic antagonists tested to date. PMID- 6664230 TI - Effect on intestinal transit of neurotensin administered intracerebroventricularly to rats. AB - Neurotensin (NT) administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to rats, blocks intestinal transit (tested by charcoal meal) in linear relation to the log of the doses within the range of 0.6-2.5 nmoles/rat. NT in this test is about 40 times more active than morphine (M) and 6 times less active than dermorphin (DM) on a molar basis. Within this dose range NT does not induce analgesia (tail-flick test) or hypothermia (tested at 22 degrees C). The intestinal effect can also be elicited by injecting the peptide into the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). NT injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) is inactive up to doses 4 times the maximal active i.c.v. dose. Naloxone (Nx) and dynorphin 1-13 could not antagonize the intestinal effect of i.c.v. NT. The relationship between this central intestinal effect and many other central effects of NT is discussed. PMID- 6664231 TI - Naloxone increases vasopressin secretion from the neurointermediate lobe of the hypophysis of the rat: search for the endogenous agonist. AB - Naloxone increases the electrically induced vasopressin release from rat pituitary neurointermediate lobes under appropriate stimulation conditions. In order to examine a possible role of hypophyseal opioid peptides we studied in vitro the effect of opioid peptides and of naloxone on the electrically induced vasopressin release from the rat neurointermediate lobe or isolated neural lobe of the hypophysis. (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)-enkephalin (5 microM), dynorphin-(1-13) (Dyn; 0.2 microM), beta-endorphin (beta-End; 0.02 and 0.2 microM) and also naloxone (1 or 10 microM) increased the evoked vasopressin release from the neurointermediate lobe, but in higher concentrations (2 microM) Dyn or beta-End had no effect. After removal of the intermediate lobe, beta-End 2 microM inhibited, while naloxone 10 microM did not change the evoked vasopressin release from the isolated neural lobe. These results demonstrate that hypophyseal opioid peptides can influence vasopressin release in several ways and suggest that endogenous opioids predominantly provide inhibitory influences which depend on the presence of the intermediate lobe. PMID- 6664233 TI - Hormone-releasing stimuli do not alter Met-enkephalin levels in the rat neurohypophysis. AB - The levels of met-enkephalin in the rat neurohypophysis were measured by radioimmunoassay in four groups of animals. The groups were a control untreated group, a sham operated group, a group subjected to 1% body weight haemorrhage which is an acute hormone releasing stimulus, and a group subjected to four days 2% saline imbibition which is a chronic hormone releasing stimulus. In none of the groups was the met-enkephalin level significantly different from the control value of 1.90 +/- 0.18 ng/gland (n = 10), suggesting that there was no depletion of met-enkephalin concomitant with the depletion of neurohypophysial hormones in the rat. PMID- 6664232 TI - A high molecular weight form of met5-enkephalin-arg6-gly7-leu8 in rat brain and bovine adrenal chromaffin granules. AB - An antiserum against met5-enkephalin-arg6-gly7-leu8 (MAGL) has been used to identify various molecular weight forms of this immunoreactive material in brain and adrenal tissue. The predominant immunoreactive species in acid extracts of chromaffin granules eluted on Biogel P-30 as an approximately equal to 8,000 dalton peptide. Acid extracts prepared from rat brain medulla-pons also contained 8,000 dalton immunoreactive material which exhibited an identical retention time on HPLC to the corresponding immunoreactive material prepared from chromaffin granules. PMID- 6664234 TI - Opioid peptides have differential actions on sub-populations of arcuate neurones. AB - Extracellular recordings were made from spontaneously active arcuate neurones in hypothalamic slices in vitro. The majority of these neurones (82%) were inhibited in a dose-related manner by opioid peptides added to the perfusion medium at concentrations of 0.1-100 microM. The inhibitory responses were reversed by equimolar concentrations of naloxone. In terms of their latency to 50% inhibition and duration of action the order of potency of the opioid peptides on a molar basis was beta-Endorphin greater than DAGO greater than DADLE greater than Dynorphin. Several sub-populations of arcuate neurones can be identified on the basis of their neuronal activity. Opioid peptides selectively abolished the bursts in those neurones (putative peptidergic neurones) which discharged with a combination of bursts and single irregular action potentials suggesting a selective membrane action rather than an overall hyperpolarizing influence. A population of neurones which displayed episodic or regular activity, and which had action potentials characteristic of dopamine neurones, were profoundly inhibited by the opioid peptides; the activity of a second population of regularly firing neurones with conventional action potential profiles was totally unaffected. These electrophysiological studies thus provide evidence that the arcuate nucleus is one possible site of action at which endogenous opioid peptides could exert their modulatory role on neuroendocrine function; and the predominate influence is likely to be mediated through mu receptors. PMID- 6664236 TI - Morphine microinjections into periaqueductal grey matter of the rat: effects on dorsal horn neuronal responses to C-fibre activity and diffuse noxious inhibitory controls. AB - Recording were made for dorsal horn convergent neurones with hindpaw receptive fields. Response to C-fibre activation was conditioned by noxious heat (52 degrees C) applied to the tail, this resulting in profound inhibition (Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls - DNIC). The microinjection of 5 micrograms morphine into the medioventral PAG, including the n. raphe dorsalis, consistently reduced DNIC without affecting the unconditioned C-fibre responses; more lateral injections had no clear effects. Including a further study in which 20 micrograms morphine was microinjected within various PAG sites, C-fibre responses were found to be unaltered (21/51) enhanced (16/51) or reduced (4/51) with no consistent anatomical basis. The results imply that supraspinal morphine can reduce descending inhibitions and this may contribute to the consequent analgesia. PMID- 6664235 TI - POMC in rhesus anterior pituitary and plasma: evidence of N-acetylated beta endorphin and alpha-MSH. AB - Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) related peptides have been studied in rat tissue and plasma, but they have not been well characterized in the rhesus monkey. Since monkey pituitary may be more similar to the human pituitary than the rat, we have characterized POMC related peptides by immunocytochemical, multiple radioimmunoassays (RIA's) and molecular sieving chromatography. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated N-acetylated- beta-endorphin (N-Ac- beta End) and alpha-MSH in a few corticotrophs. RIA's of crude anterior pituitary extract and molecular sieving chromatography demonstrates that the major portion is beta-End sized with a significant proportion being N-acetylated and an alpha MSH peak. Molecular sieving chromatography of extracted plasma demonstrated a similar pattern to that seen in the anterior pituitary. These data suggest that rhesus monkey processes POMC differently than rat or man. PMID- 6664237 TI - The role of opioids in feeding and reward elicited by lateral hypothalamic electrical stimulation. AB - We have previously shown that feeding induced by electrical stimulation in the lateral hypothalamus of rats is inhibited by naloxone but not its quaternary analogue. In the present study, effects of morphine and loperamide -an opiate that does not pass the blood-brain barrier- were examined. Loperamide inhibited stimulation-induced feeding; reversal of this effect by quaternary naloxone confirmed the peripheral site of action. A low dose of morphine (1.25 mg/kg) facilitated feeding but higher doses were inhibitory. An inhibitory dose of morphine became facilitory, however, when preceded by quaternary naloxone. It therefore appears that central opioid activity promotes ingestive behavior while peripheral activity inhibits ingestion. To evaluate the function served by the central facilitory process, we exploited the relation that exists between feeding and self-stimulation elicited through a common electrode. It was found that potentiation of self-stimulation by food deprivation is blocked by naloxone. It is concluded that endogenous opioid activity may promote feeding by enhancing the reward value of food as a function of hunger. PMID- 6664238 TI - The effect of epidural application of opioids on spasticity of spinal origin. AB - The effect of epidural opioids on spinal spasticity is demonstrated in a patient suffering from multiple sclerosis. Flexor reflex spasms are abolished and muscle tone is markedly reduced by the epidural administration of morphine 3 mg or fentanyl 0.1 mg. In contrast, the oligosynaptic motor responses and voluntary movements were unaffected. This is documented by EMG-recordings. Sensory perception thresholds were elevated for pain, but unchanged for touch and vibration sense. Effects on enkephalinergic interneurons on the spinal level are discussed. PMID- 6664239 TI - Intraamygdaloid morphine produces seizures and brain damage in rats. AB - Behavioral and neuropathological responses to increasing doses of morphine hydrochloride (10-75 micrograms) administered into the rat amygdala were studied. Unilateral microinjections of morphine in doses of 40 and 75 micrograms produced a sequence of behavioral alterations including staring spells, gustatory automatisms, wet dog shakes, motor limbic seizures and limbic status epilepticus. Lower doses of morphine (10 and 20 micrograms) showed different threshold for these behavioral phenomena but a similar time course of development. Histological examination of frontal forebrain sections revealed widespread, apparently seizure mediated pattern of brain damage. Neuropathological alterations were observed in the olfactory cortex, thalamus, neocortex, hippocampal formation and amygdaloid complex. Pretreatment of animals with diazepam (10 mg/kg i.p.) prevented the development of sustained limbic seizures and brain damage caused by morphine, while pretreatment with naloxone hydrochloride (2-20 mg/kg i.p.) failed to affect morphine-induced convulsant activity and brain damage. These results may suggest that morphine elaborates sustained limbic seizures and widespread brain damage by mechanism underlying the antagonism of inhibitory amino acid neurotransmission and opioid receptors do not seem to be involved. PMID- 6664240 TI - Effects of opiates on fetal behavioral activity in utero. AB - The effects of methadone and morphine on fetal behavior were studied following their administration to either the mother (5micrograms/kg/min) or fetus (0.5micrograms/kg maternal wt./min) using the chronically-instrumented pregnant ewe model. Fourteen unanesthetized, unrestrained pregnant ewes between 130-141 days gestation (term 145 days) were studied 9-28 days following the surgical implantation of cannulae and electrodes to monitor fetal heart rate, blood pressure, breathing movements, eye movements, muscular and electrocortical activity. The three behavioral states of quiet sleep, rapid eye movement sleep and arousal could be distinguished using these parameters. Both drugs, by both routes, resulted in fetal arousal, largely at the expense of quiet sleep. While morphine and methadone were equipotent in suppressing quiet sleep following infusion to the fetus, methadone was three times more potent than morphine after maternal infusion. This potency difference is consistent with the results of prior pharmacokinetic studies demonstrating that fetal exposure to maternally administered methadone is approximately three times greater than that to maternally administered morphine. PMID- 6664241 TI - Parallel distribution of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 with methionine enkephalin, leucine-enkephalin and methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 in human and bovine brains. AB - Using specific radioimmunoassays(RIAs) for methionine-enkephalin(Met-Enk), leucine-enkephalin(Leu-Enk), methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-Enk-Arg Gly-Leu) and methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (Met-Enk-Arg-Phe), we studied the regional distribution of these opioid peptides in human and bovine brains. Met Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu was distributed in parallel with Met-Enk, Leu-Enk and Met-Enk-Arg Phe in human and bovine brains. The ratios of molar concentrations of these peptides are almost constant in various regions of human and bovine brains and similar to the ratio of these peptides contained in preproenkephalin A. Gel exclusion chromatography and HPLC coupled with respective RIAs showed the existence of authentic peptides without any detectable high molecular weight forms. These results indicate the parallel distribution of Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu with Met-Enk, Leu-Enk and Met-Enk-Arg-Phe in various regions of human and bovine brains and further suggest that these opioid peptides are derived from the same precursor as that in the adrenal medulla and that the processing of preproenkephalin A is almost complete in human and bovine brains. PMID- 6664242 TI - Differential effects of di-isopropylfluorophosphate poisoning and its treatment on opioid antinociception in the mouse. AB - Compounds which enhance cholinergic activity have been reported to interact with opioid drugs. We have shown, using the hot-plate test in mice that di isopropylfluorophosphate potentiates the antinociceptive activity of alfentanil but has no effect on the activity of morphine or fentanyl. Administration of atropine and pralidoxime as a treatment for DFP poisoning does not reverse this effect, and itself potentiates morphine antinociception. The results suggest that a cholinergic/opioid interaction is dependent on the opioid studied, and may have clinical importance when opioid drugs are required in patients poisoned by irreversible anticholinesterases. PMID- 6664243 TI - Analgesic potentiation and the distribution of morphine in the presence of triplennamine in mice. AB - Interest in the interaction of opioids and histamine antagonists arose from the observation that abusers of pentazocine and triplennamine experience a heroin like euphoria that neither drug alone produces. The present study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic properties of the combination of the histamine antagonist, triplennamine (TRP), and morphine (MS). Analgesia was assessed using the hot plate at 55 degrees C and all drugs were administered intravenously. TRP had no analgesic effect. When a suboptimal dose of MS (3.5 mg/kg) was combined with TRP in a dosage range of 2.5-5 mg/kg, the latency in response to pain 10 minutes after drug administration was significantly increased and this potentiation was still evident 30 minutes after drug administration. Naloxone completely reversed the analgesia of MS and the MS-TRP combination. The distribution of 3H morphine in representative brain areas and plasma was not different in the presence or absence of triplennamine. PMID- 6664244 TI - A possible relationship between processing from precursor proteins to opioid peptides and noxious stimulation in the rat incisor pulp. AB - The content of met-enkephalin (met-EK)-like peptides in a crude extract from intact pulp of the rat markedly increased with tryptic digestion but not with carboxypeptidase B(CPase B) digestion, while the content of leu-enkephalin (leu EK)-like peptides more markedly with CPase B- than with tryptic digestion. On the other hand, results by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) showed that the contents of both met-EK-Arg-Phe and leu-EK in cavity formed pulp increased 6 times as much as those contents in intact pulp, while the met-EK content in cavity formed pulp increased 2 times as much as that in intact pulp. Furthermore, results by gel filtration of crude extract from intact pulp showed that one peak of met-EK-like immunoreactivity (met-EK-IR) appeared at position of approximately 30,000 of molecular weight and a broad peak of leu-EK-IR appeared at position of approximately 60,000 of molecular weight following tryptic digestion. From these results, it was suggested that noxious stimuli might cause activation of trypsin like enzymes followed by processing from one precursor protein to met-EK-like peptides as well as from another to leu-EK-like peptides in the rat incisor pulps. PMID- 6664245 TI - An attempt to characterize by immunocytochemical methods the enkephalin-like material in oxytocin endings of the rat neurohypophysis. AB - An antibody raised against dynorphin 1-8 was immunoreactive in the rat neurohypophysis in vasopressin but not in oxytocin endings. Oxytocin but not vasopressin terminals were immunostained when a Met5-enkephalin, a N-terminally directed monoclonal beta-endorphin antibody and an enkephalin-Met5-Arg6-Phe7 antibody were applied. The immunocytochemical reactions indicate that oxytocin terminals and their granules store pro-enkephalin-A derived opioid peptide fragments. PMID- 6664246 TI - Comparison of naloxone and a delta-selective antagonist in experimental spinal stroke. AB - A highly predictive spinal "stroke" model in the unanesthetized rabbit was utilized to compare the effects of naloxone and the delta-selective opiate antagonist M154,129 on neurological recovery following ischemic injury to the central nervous system. Naloxone treatment protected against both moderate (20 min aortic occlusion) and severe (25 min aortic occlusion) degrees of ischemic spinal injury, whereas treatment with M154,129 failed to improve recovery in either model. These findings confirm that naloxone therapy can alter the pathophysiological sequelae caused by a critical reduction in blood flow to the central nervous system and suggests that its beneficial effects do not relate to actions at the delta-opiate receptor. PMID- 6664247 TI - Light and ultrastructural characteristics of neuroblastoma glioma hybrid NG 108 15 cells. AB - "Undifferentiated" neuroblastoma glioma hybrid NG 108-15 cells have not previously been characterized at a light and ultrastructural level despite their use in opiate receptor studies and their possession of one or more opioids. Three cell types rather than one were found. Type A is the classic round hybridoma cell. Type B is a neuron like cell and Type C is a giant cell similar to Type A cells but larger and with dense cytoplasm. Dense core vesicles, 800-1200 Ao in diameter were found as were virus particles in most Type A cells. Multivesicular bodies with clear vesicles which are interpreted as glutaraldehyde artefacts were found but no clear neurosecretory vesicles were found in any A cells--Etorphine at 10(-6) M for 48 hours and naloxone 10(-4) M were employed to product dependence and precipitated abstinence but no clear cut morphologic differences were noted between control, opiate dependent and precipitated abstinent cells. PMID- 6664248 TI - Opioid peptide-like immunoreactivity localized in GABAErgic neurons of rat neostriatum and central amygdaloid nucleus. AB - Opioid peptide-like (OPL)-immunoreactivity and (the GABA-biosynthetic enzyme) glutamic acid decarboxylase-like (GAD)-immunoreactivity were localized in rat neostriatum and central amygdaloid nucleus (ACE) using a polyclonal sheep antiserum to rat brain GAD and a monoclonal mouse antibody to the N-terminus of beta-endorphin (3-E7) as primary antisera. PAP-immunohistochemistry revealed GAD immunoreactivity in the majority of neurons in neostriatum and ACE. OPL immunoreactivity was observed in numerous neurons in ACE, but only in few neostriatal nerve cells. In double immunofluorescence in the same section OPL- and GAD-immunoreactivity colocalized in few medium size cells in the neostriatum, but in numerous neurons in ACE. The existence of opioid peptide containing GABAergic neurons in ACE and neostriatum is demonstrated. PMID- 6664249 TI - Dermorphin: cardiovascular and sympathetic modulation in the anteroventral hypothalamus of conscious rats. AB - Cardiovascular and sympathetic responses to hypothalamic injections of dermorphin were studied in conscious rats. Microinjections of 10 pmol of dermorphin into the nucleus preopticus medialis (POM) elicited tachycardia without changing the mean blood pressure (MBP). A higher dose of dermorphin (100 pmol) caused prolonged tachycardia, and an increase in MBP. The pressor/tachycardic period following injection of 100 pmol dermorphin was accompanied by increased levels of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine. These data suggest that the POM region is an important site for sympathetic activation and pressor/tachycardic effects of dermorphin. PMID- 6664250 TI - Does naloxone always act as an opiate antagonist? AB - Evidence for the ability of the opiate antagonist naloxone to block a variety of metabolic effects exerted by morphine and non-opiate drugs is reviewed. Naloxone prevents or reverses the following effects in the rat: (a) the chronic morphine induced increase in liver [NADPH]; (b) the consequent chronic morphine-induced inhibition of liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity; (c) the resultant chronic morphine-induced enhancement of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis; (d) the similar effects on liver and brain tryptophan metabolism exerted chronically by other drugs of dependence (ethanol, nicotine and phenobarbitone); (e) the acute ethanol-induced increase in the hepatic [NADH]/[NAD] ratio. Naloxone also (f) inhibits basal and stimulated lipolysis in fed and 24hr-starved rats. This leads to prevention of (g) the consequent increase in the availability of circulating free tryptophan, and (h) the resultant tryptophan-mediated decrease in liver 5 aminolaevulinate synthase activity. The question of how many of these effects involve changes in endogenous opiates or at opiate receptors is not clearly understood at present and thus merits investigation. However, because most of the above effects are explained on biochemical grounds, and in view of evidence from behavioural and pharmacological studies [see (1)], the possibility must be considered that many of the actions of naloxone may be unrelated to its opiate receptor-antagonistic properties. PMID- 6664252 TI - Studies of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and regional cerebral glucose metabolism in acute cerebral ischemia: possible mechanism of opiate antagonist therapeutic activity. AB - Using unilateral carotid artery ligation in the gerbil as a model of cerebral ischemia, both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging and a newly developed double-label autoradiographic technique have been employed to investigate the physiologic mechanism of opiate action during cerebral ischemia. While several parameters of the NMR image have been demonstrated to reflect focal cerebral ischemic lesions, neither 2 mg/kg naloxone nor 10 mg/kg morphine sulfate had an effect on any of the parameters of the NMR image at any time point during the 24 hr experiment. While no consistent changes could be measured in the metabolic rate immediately about the ischemic region, results from double-label 2 deoxyglucose autoradiographic studies indicate that there are marked focal increases in metabolic rate in several subcortical nuclei bilaterally following the administration of naloxone. While no significant change was noted in the thalamus or arcuate nucleus, naloxone produced a significant elevation in glucose metabolic rate in the substantia nigra, periaqueductal grey and the red nucleus. The significance of these effects are discussed and a mechanism for the beneficial effect of opiate antagonists on neurologic deficit following ischemic cerebral lesions is proposed. PMID- 6664251 TI - Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during morphine-induced stimulation of breathing movements in fetal lambs. AB - Brain blood flow increased in the fetal lamb during morphine-induced stimulation of breathing. The increase in flow was 60% in the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum, and 100% in the midbrain plus rhinencephalon, pons, medulla and cervical spinal cord. Oxygen content of arterial blood decreased in all experiments and the arterial carbon dioxide tension increased in all but one of the experiments. The increase in cerebral blood flow observed is predicted by the changes in arterial oxygen content and carbon dioxide tension. Cerebral oxygen consumption and glucose utilization were not changed by morphine treatment. These results suggest that there is no direct effect of morphine upon cerebral blood flow and metabolism in the fetal lamb during morphine-stimulated breathing. PMID- 6664253 TI - Human tolerability studies with D-Met2,Pro5-enkephalinamide. AB - As reported previously D-Met2,Pro5-enkephalinamide (EA) is a highly active enkephalin analogue. To examine its human tolerability male volunteers were treated s.c. with increasing doses (0.1-30.0 mg). The observed autonomic effects were as follows: feeling of heaviness in the limbs, dry mouth, pallor of the face and conjunctival injection. There was no significant change in blood pressure, pulse and respiratory frequency. The autonomic effects appeared within 15-30 min. However, its effects on mood and wakefulness i.e. slight drowsiness, decrease in psychic tension and emotional detachment developed only later. The serum prolactin level increased dose-dependently, while the growth hormone (HGH) content showed biphasic dose-response pattern. The TSH content increased only at the highest doses applied (10.0-30.0 mg). PMID- 6664254 TI - Isolation of molluscan opioid peptides. AB - An acid extract of neural tissues of the mollusc, Mytilus edulis, was fractionated by high-pressure chromatography. Peak fractions with retention times of that of Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe were subjected to competitive displacement assays in the same neural tissues. The results showed that these fractions have the same binding activities as the authentic neuropeptides. The peptides from these fractions were purified by high pressure liquid chromatography under isocractic conditions. Sequential amino acid analyses showed these peptides to have the same primary structures as Met enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe. PMID- 6664255 TI - Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 exists together with Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, Met enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin in human stomach. AB - Studies on the nucleotide sequence of cloned DNA complementary to mRNA for preproenkephalin A from adrenal medulla and human pheochromocytoma have revealed that this precursor contains 4 copies of methionine-enkephalin(Met-Enk) and one copy each of leu-enkephalin (Leu-Enk), methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8(Met Enk-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8) and methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7(Met-Enk-Arg6-Phe7). We have demonstrated the existence of Met-Enk-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 together with Met-Enk, Leu-Enk and Met-Enk-Arg6-Phe7 in human gastric antrum, using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) coupled with radioimmunoassays for these opioid peptides. The ratio of molar concentrations of these peptides in human gastric antrum is almost equal to the ratio of these peptides contained in preproenkephalin A. Furthermore, gel filtration studies on Sephadex G-50 showed that most of immunoreactivities of these peptides were eluted at the elution position of each synthetic peptide without any detectable immunoreactivities at high molecular weight positions. In addition, most of immunoreactivities of these four opioid peptides were detected in the muscular layer of the gastric antrum. These results indicate the presence of Met-Enk-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 together with Met Enk, Leu-Enk, and Met-Enk-Arg6-Phe7 in human gastric antrum and further suggest that these opioid peptides are derived from the same precursor as preproenkephalin A in the adrenal medulla and the processing of preproenkephalin A is almost completed in the human stomach. PMID- 6664258 TI - The frog pars intermedia contains only the non-acetylated form of alpha-MSH: acetylation to generate alpha-MSH occurs during the release process. AB - Pulse-chase experiments revealed that the frog pars intermedia synthesizes the desacetyl form of alpha-MSH. Its structure was shown to be similar, if not identical, to the mammalian structure. During release two additional peptides derived from desacetyl alpha-MSH appeared, one being alpha-MSH. We conclude that the N-acetylation of newly synthesized MSH is associated with release of the hormone. Radioimmunoassays and bioassays showed that the non-acetylated peptide is the only tissue form of MSH and confirmed that acetylation is linked to release. PMID- 6664256 TI - Methionine-enkephalin, leucine-enkephalin methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 in human pheochromocytoma. AB - Methionine-enkephalin(met-enkephalin)-, leucine-enkephalin(leu-enkephalin)-, methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7(met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe)- and methionine enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8(met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu)-like immunoreactivities( LI) were studied in 16 pheochromocytomas by radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for these four opioid peptides. Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe-LI and met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu-LI existed together with met-enkephalin-LI and leu-enkephalin-LI in 16 pheochromocytomas. Significant positive correlations were observed among contents of these four opioid peptides in 16 pheochromocytomas. The concentrations of these four opioid peptides in epinephrine producing pheochromocytomas were much higher than those in norepinephrine producing tumors. HPLC and gel exclusion chromatography followed by the RIAs showed the presence of met-enkephalin, leu enkephalin, met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe and met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu together with their high molecular weight forms. These results indicate the co-existence of met enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu and their high molecular weight forms derived from preproenkephalin A in human pheochromocytomas and suggest the association of preproenkephalin A synthesis with epinephrine production in human pheochromocytomas. PMID- 6664257 TI - Some of the alpha-NH2-acetylated beta-endorphin-like material in rat and monkey pituitary and brain is acetylated alpha- and beta-endorphin. AB - There are several studies demonstrating the existence of alpha-NH2-acetylated (N Ac) forms of beta-endorphin in the intermediate lobe of several species (1,4,6). These include N-Ac-beta-endorphin (1-31), N-Ac-beta-endorphin (1-27) and N-Ac beta-endorphin (1-26). The existence of N-acetylation of brain beta-endorphin is more controversial (5,6). Using molecular sieving, HPLC, and several radioimmunoassays, either directed at the midportion of beta-endorphin or at only N-acetylated opioids, we have studied brain multiple forms (cf. Akil, 1982). We have noted that little or no acetylation of beta-endorphin-sized material occurs in hypothalamus, and a small amount of N-acetylation appears to take place in the midbrain and the medulla. These results will be described in detail elsewhere (Akil et al., in preparation), but point the fact that processing of beta endorphin (1-31) in brain is different than either lobe, with the production of beta-endorphin (1-27) and beta-endorphin (1-26) being more predominant in brain terminal areas than in the neuro-intermediate lobe. In the course of these experiments we noted the existence of a smaller-sized material which reacted with our N-acetyl-beta-endorphin antibody. The following study describes the partial characterization of this material as N-Ac-alpha- and N-Ac-beta-endorphin (i.e., the N-acetylated forms of beta-endorphin (1-17) and beta-endorphin (1-16). PMID- 6664259 TI - Fatty acids in plasma and red cell membranes in normal humans. AB - A detailed study was made of the fatty acid composition of plasma triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, red cell total phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in 32 normal males and 18 normal females. No sex differences could be detected. There were substantial differences in the compositions of the various fractions and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were particularly important in the red cells. PMID- 6664260 TI - Hydroxylation of secondary bile acids in the perfused prairie dog liver. AB - Taurolithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid were perfused into isolated prairie dog livers. Taurolithocholic acid was 7 alpha-hydroxylated to form taurochenodeoxycholic acid, whereas deoxycholic acid was conjugated and 7 alpha hydroxylated to form taurocholic acid. The low concentrations of secondary bile acids observed in prairie dog bile are due, at least in part, to active bile acid 7 alpha-hydroxylase(s) in the liver of these animals. PMID- 6664262 TI - [Methods of increasing the power of rotary pneumatic motors for medical use]. AB - Rotary-plate motors with the increased power are recommended for using in medical pneumatically-driven instruments. Provided in the design bumper pockets make it possible to raise the power of the pneumatic motor while its dimensions and weight remain unchanged. PMID- 6664261 TI - [Laser cell analyzer]. AB - A laser blood cell counter is developed. A measuring method is based on detecting the light dissipated on particles within the angle range of 20 to 40 degrees. The selected geometry of an optical system provides a high signal level at the power of a laser source 3 mW and small overall dimensions of the counter. PMID- 6664263 TI - [Method of controlling the diagnostic capabilities of roentgen equipment]. AB - Some experimental results of applying statistical methods to detect details of internal structures examined at roentgenograms are presented. The method is most useful to control commercially available instruments during adjustments and clinical use as well as to evaluate operator's proficiency. PMID- 6664265 TI - [Determination of the cross-sectional shape and dimensions of capillaries made of C-100 cellophane film]. AB - Mechanical properties of the cellophane film used for hollow fibres have been investigated. A method of determining a cross-section area of blood and dialysate capillary canals in an artificial kidney is proposed. PMID- 6664264 TI - [Sterilization of rubber medical equipment with formaldehyde]. AB - The sterilizing procedure of medical rubber pieces have been studied. The gas sterilizer GK-100 has been used the chamber of which was loaded with rubber pieces and with rubber pieces in combination with plastic. The map of the temperature field has been build, and the effect of the exposure and temperature as well as the packaging density in the chamber on sterility of the test-pieces has been derived. The period of formaldehyde neutralization by ammonia has been measured, the action of formaldehyde on physical and mechanical properties of the rubber has been also studied. On the basis of the obtained data the sterilization procedure with formaldehyde for medical rubber pieces has been developed. PMID- 6664266 TI - [Production of medical equipment in the 4th year of the 11th 5-year plan]. PMID- 6664267 TI - [Departmental standard: "Work Safety Standard System. Radiodiagnostic departments. Safety requirements" (OST 42-21-14--82)]. PMID- 6664268 TI - [International Electrotechnical Commission standards on roentgen technology]. AB - Issued in Russian in the USSR, the Publications of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Sub-committee 62B, permit the conformity between the specifications of home- and foreign-made X-ray equipment. Some discrepancies met in translating and editing the publications are emphasized to be taken into account when working with the documents. PMID- 6664269 TI - [Use of a radiodiagnostic liver phantom for assessing personnel qualifications]. AB - The use of operating characteristic curves for operators is a convenient method to evaluate the proficiency of personnel in radiodiagnostic departments. The curves may be determined from scans of the liver phantom, and the probability of true-positive and false-negative responses should be then derived. PMID- 6664270 TI - [Elbow rests for the surgeon's arms with independent attachment to the operating table]. AB - A design of elbow-rests to fasten surgeon's arms in the course of microsurgical operations is developed. Each of the elbow-rests is separately attached to the edge of the operating table by means of a cramp. With such a design, the elbow rests gain a number of advantages as compared to the available devices. PMID- 6664271 TI - [Accommodative convergence trainer]. PMID- 6664272 TI - [New automated medical oscilloscope]. PMID- 6664273 TI - [ESM-01 obstetric echoscope]. PMID- 6664274 TI - [EOS-22 echoophthalmoscope]. PMID- 6664275 TI - [New instruments for pediatric cardiovascular surgery]. AB - The new instruments well adapt anatomical structures of children. Such features as specific dimensions and configuration, light weight, and easy in operation make them suitable for wide application in pediatric surgery. PMID- 6664276 TI - [Light-guide photon-correlation method of measuring the velocity of blood microcirculation]. AB - The photon correlation method of measuring the velocity of blood microcirculation by using a light guide is described. From the traditional methods it features the high accuracy and responsiveness. PMID- 6664277 TI - [Isolated tumor-like amyloidosis of the stomach]. PMID- 6664278 TI - [An ethical code for animal experiment research]. PMID- 6664279 TI - [Myoglobin as a marker in the diagnosis of various forms of rhabdomyosarcoma]. PMID- 6664280 TI - [Blood volume in arterial hypertension associated with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 6664281 TI - [Treatment of advanced cancer of the colon and rectum with the combination of 5 fluorouracil, imidazolecarboxamide and vincristine]. PMID- 6664282 TI - [Effect of a polysaccharide isolated from the fungus Cyttaria johowii on the growth of sarcoma 180 in mice]. PMID- 6664283 TI - [Effect of the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in patients treated with corticoids]. PMID- 6664284 TI - [Stress caused by posterior hypothalamus stimulation in adrenalectomized dogs: the role of the sympathetic nervous system]. PMID- 6664285 TI - [HLA antigens in blood donors, asymptomatic chronic carriers of the viral hepatitis type B surface antigen (HBsAg)]. PMID- 6664286 TI - [Correlation between symptoms and complex arrhythmias using the Holter system]. PMID- 6664288 TI - [Sudden death in a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 6664289 TI - [Fibronectin. A biological marker in cancerology?]. PMID- 6664290 TI - [The outpatient clinic as teaching-assistance unit for primary health care]. PMID- 6664287 TI - [The electrocardiogram in the prediction of the pathology of chronic coronary cardiopathy]. PMID- 6664292 TI - [Persistence of Junin virus in diploid human cells]. PMID- 6664291 TI - [Calcium channel inhibitors]. PMID- 6664293 TI - [Spirometric studies in clinically healthy metallurgy workers. II. Reference values of basic respiratory indicators]. AB - In a group of 520 clinically healthy men employed in metallurgy, predicted values in the function of age, height and body weight were set up by multiple regression for VC, FEV1 RV, ERV, FRC, RV%TLC and for FEV1%VC in the function of age and for TLC in the function of height. In the tables are given predicted values for VC, FEV1, RV%TLC (based on equations of regression) for 9 intervals of age, height and body weight. PMID- 6664294 TI - [Incidence of pneumoconiosis in coal mines with different levels of mechanization]. AB - 2717 miners working more than eight years in four collieries have been examined. Two of those mines were mechanized, whereas in the other two the degree of mechanization was low. Anamnestic data and radiological examinations have been correlated with dust concentration, silica content and individual index of energy expenditure. Mechanization has been found to increase dustiness but it is not necessarily responsible for pneumoconiosis risk, the degree of the risk being dependent on the efficiency of dust prophylaxis. On the other hand, mechanization reduces physical effort and, consequently, lung ventilation, and so it may reduce the effect of excessive dustiness as well. Thus, pneumoconiosis risk due to mechanization is a resultant of several factors sometimes exhibiting opposite impact. PMID- 6664295 TI - [Use of impedance rheography in the diagnosis of the vibration syndrome]. AB - Each new method of studies yielding objective information on functioning disorders of those organs that get disturbed earliest is valuable for early diagnosis of vibration disease. The paper is an attempt of evaluating the usefulness of impedance reography in the diagnosis of the vibration syndrome. Analysis of basic reographic indices performed after examinations of fingers implies statistically significant differences between controls and those occupationally exposed to vibration transmitted to upper limbs. PMID- 6664296 TI - [Effect of low concentrations of metals and benzin on serum enzyme activity]. AB - Workers exposed to naphtha, tungsten, vanadium, cobalt and titanium exhibited decreased activity of asparagine and alanine aminotransferase, cholinesterase and ceruloplasmin in blood serum, as compared to controls. Activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase was not changed significantly. It might be surmised that absorption of metals and naphtha exhibits inhibitory properties in relation to the enzymes determined. PMID- 6664297 TI - [Psychomotor performance of persons chronically exposed to carbon disulfide. I]. AB - The study was aimed at evaluating the psychomotor efficiency of those chronically exposed to CS2 and at selecting tests to be applied in CS2 poisonings diagnosis. The study covered 126 viscose industry workers occupationally exposed to CS2 and 126 controls matching those exposed as regards age, length of employment and educational background. The following tests and appliances were used in the study: Eye-hand coordination test, Turner test for independent movement of two hands, reactions time meter, one-plate and two-plate tapping, modified d'Heuyer's and Baille's tests. Significantly worse results were found in those exposed to CS2, as compared to controls. Particularly great difference were noted in result of reaction time measurement and Turner test for independent movement of two hands. Those tests may be used to diagnose CS2 adverse effects. PMID- 6664299 TI - [Usefulness of impedance audiometry in the objective evaluation of occupational hearing loss]. AB - 243 workers occupationally exposed to noise have been examined by pure tone audiometry and impedance audiometry. Hearing disturbance have been diagnosed in 145 cases (62%). Impedance audiometry was performed in 74 subjects. In 47 cases (70%) hearing thresholds were found consistent in both methods whereas the other 21 cases (30%) showed different hearing thresholds. Thirteen individuals of that group exhibited hearing impairment in the cochlea. Hearing loss has been simulated in two cases. The Luscher-Zawislocki test revealed 1-1.5 dB in all cases. Objective verification of loudness recruitment phenomenon allowed to state cochlear hearing localization in 31 cases. PMID- 6664298 TI - [Clinical and cytological studies of mouth mucosa of workers in the petrochemical industry]. AB - Cytological smear has been taken from 56 petrochemical industry workers. Microscopic examination demonstrated the effect of some chemicals on the rate of epithelial pathology. PMID- 6664300 TI - A 50-state survey of the current status of residential treatment programs for mentally retarded offenders. PMID- 6664301 TI - Assessments of residential environments for mentally retarded adults in britain. PMID- 6664302 TI - Verbal feedback vs. verbal feedback plus praise: the effects on direct care staff's training behaviors. PMID- 6664303 TI - The use of mechanical restraint and response incompatibility to modify self injurious behavior: a case study. PMID- 6664304 TI - Fundamental rights, Section 504, and Baby Doe. PMID- 6664305 TI - Immunoreactivity of human parathyroid hormone (28-48): attempt to develop an assay for intact human parathyroid hormone. AB - The postsecretory catabolism of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is known to involve proteolytic cleavages in the 28-48 region. In an effort to develop assays that would detect the intact human PTH molecule but not its catabolic products, I have developed radioimmunoassays specific for the 28-48, or cleavage, region. A synthetic fragment of the human PTH molecule, substituted with tyrosine, [27Tyr]hPTH-(27-48), was radioiodinated to serve as tracer. Four of four high titer antisera against native human PTH bound significant amounts of this tracer. Binding of this radioligand was inhibited by unlabeled synthetic human PTH-(28 48) or native human PTH-(1-84) but not by the following synthetic hormone fragments which resemble those thought to be formed in vivo: hPTH-(1-34), hPTH (44-68), or hPTH-(53-84). The most sensitive assay would detect about 20 fmol of hPTH-(1-84) or 10 fmol of hPTH-(28-48). The bovine PTH 28-48 region crossreacted poorly with the human 28-48 region. Neither bovine PTH-(1-84) nor PTH-(28-48) would inhibit the binding of the labeled human PTH 27-48 peptide to the antisera against native human PTH, nor would the labeled human 27-48 peptide bind to any of nine antisera against bovine PTH. These results confirm that the steric configuration of the 28-48 region of PTH differs greatly between human and bovine PTH. The use of assays specific for the 28-48 region of hPTH appears to be valid approach to the problem of measuring the intact hormone. Improvements in sensitivity may allow detection of intact PTH in human serum. PMID- 6664306 TI - Recovery of the rat skeleton from the adverse effects of simulated weightlessness. AB - A rat model that involves total mechanical unloading of the hind limbs has been used to simulate some aspects of weightlessness. In a previous study, the presence of marked skeletal abnormalities in the proximal tibial and humeral metaphyses of unloaded rats was detected. In the current study, the rats were removed from the model after a 2-week suspension period and allowed to recover for 2 weeks in individual metabolic cages before sacrifice. Tetracycline derivatives were administered on three separate occasions to evaluate radial and longitudinal bone growth. Periosteal bone formation in the tibial diaphysis of suspended animals was significantly depressed during the suspension period but approached control levels during the recovery period. Periosteal bone formation in the humeral diaphysis was not affected by simulated weightlessness. In the proximal tibial and humeral metaphyses, longitudinal bone growth, the amount of mineralized tissue, and the fat content of the bone marrow, all of which were previously determined to be abnormal after 2 weeks of simulated weightlessness, returned to control levels during the recovery period. The previously observed decline in the osteoblast population and increased numbers of osteoclasts adjacent to the growth plate in suspended animals also proved to be reversible at both skeletal sites. This study demonstrates that the skeleton of growing rats is capable of a rapid recovery from the adverse effects of simulated weightlessness. PMID- 6664307 TI - Profiles of cortical remodeling sites in longitudinal rib sections of beagles with renal failure and parathyroid hyperplasia. AB - Profiles of remodeling sites were evaluated in longitudinal sections of multiple ribs from 6 beagles with renal failure and parathyroid hyperplasia and compared with ribs from 20 controls. The dogs with renal failure had a marked increase in the number of cutting cones and closing cones. The length of the cutting cone was significantly greater than those found in controls, but there was no difference in the width of the base. There was no difference observed in the length or width or in the proportion of branching of closing cones in the two groups. In addition to cutting and closing cones, however, complex remodeling sites were also seen within the cortex. These were sites in which irregular tunnels that were wider than closing cones had intermittent segments of surface containing osteoid, osteoblasts, or osteoclasts or a mineralized surface with inactive lining cells. These complex remodeling sites were found infrequently in controls and occurred primarily near the cortical endosteal surface, where most contained hematopoietic cells and presumably represented endostealization of the cortex. In the dogs with renal failure, they were markedly increased in number, significantly greater in length, and found more frequently in the center cortex, often without hematopoietic cells. PMID- 6664308 TI - Longevity of selected bacteria in black water. AB - Twenty four bacteria were killed when exposed to black water. The initial concentration of the organism appeared to have a significant effect upon the survival of the bacteria in six of thirteen cases. Neutralization of black water to pH 7.0 reduced its toxicity to the bacteria studied. Material precipitated during neutralization was also toxic to the bacteria. PMID- 6664309 TI - Possible diagnostic value of aminopeptidases detected by chromogenic substrates in Enterobacteriaceae. AB - The presence of aminopeptidases revealed by three chromogenic substrates (chromozym PL, chromozym TH, and carbobenzoxy-glycyl-prolyl-arginine-p nitranilide) has been investigated by a simple method in 153 strains of different genera and species of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The results suggest that the AP-PL, AP-TH, and AP-CGPA tests can be of diagnostic value for the identification of enterobacteria. PMID- 6664310 TI - [Effect of temperature and aeration on Bacillus thuringiensis growth and sporulation]. AB - The growth of Bacillus thuringiensis was studied as a function of temperature and aeration. The vegetative growth, the yield of viable spores and their thermoresistance did not depend, for all practical purposes, on the rate of aeration within the range of 25 to 60 mg O2 per litre per minute. A rise of temperature from 20 to 35 degrees C doubled the titre of spores and increased their thermoresistance. When the temperature of cultivation was increased to 40 degrees C, the process of spore formation was inhibited. PMID- 6664311 TI - [Coordinated regulation of the enzyme activity of glucose transport and metabolism in Brevibacterium flavum]. AB - A coordination was established between the rate of glucose transport and the activity of enzymes involved in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (CAC) in Brevibacterium flavum cells producing lysine: the rate of glucose transport and the activity of enzymes catalysing glycolysis increased when the activity of CAC enzymes decreased and vice versa. The activity of glycolytic enzymes and the rate of glucose transport in the cells increased also when electron transport through the respiration chain was inhibited and when oxidation and phosphorylation in the respiration chain were uncoupled. The rate of ATP synthesis in the cells is presumed to coordinate the rate of glucose transport and the activity of glycolytic and CAC enzymes in the cells. PMID- 6664313 TI - [Degradation of 3-chlorobenzoic acid by a Pseudomonas putida strain]. AB - A Pseudomonas putida strain 87 capable of assimilating 3-chlorobenzoic acid as a sole source of carbon and energy (3Cba+) was isolated. Treatment with mitomycin C eliminated the 3Cba+ phenotype in 1% of cells in the population. The 3Cba+ phenotype was transferred at a low frequency in the process of conjugation to other bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas. Determinants localized on the plasmid are presumed to be responsible for the capability to assimilate 3 chlorobenzoic acid. A scheme is proposed for the oxidation of 3-chlorobenzoic acid on the basis of studying the products of its degradation. Two catechol 1,2 dioxygenases are present in strains with the 3Cba+ phenotype as was shown by analysing the activity of enzymes catalysing cleavage of the aromatic cycle and by studying their induction. One of the two seems to be encoded by chromosomal genes while the other is encoded by plasmid genes and determines the capability of the culture to cleave the chlorinated pyrocatechol. PMID- 6664312 TI - [Desthiobiotin transformation to biotin by the fungus Rhizopus delemar]. AB - The object of this work was to study the transformation of desthiobiotin (DTB), a biotin precursor, to biotin by Rhizopus delemar which can accumulate rather large quantities of biotin in the medium. Both the growing and resting culture transform DTB at a high rate. Biotin excretion by the resting culture rises by 100% when 25 micrograms/ml of DTB are added to the medium. The content of biotin within the cells remains unchanged. L-Methionine, sodium sulfite and sodium sulfate are most effective sulfur donors for DTB transformation by the resting culture. Cystine, cysteine and elementary sulfur cannot serve as sulfur donors. The transforming activity of the mycelium is preserved for about seven days. Immobilization of the cells in agar gel and in porolon does not increase the time within which the mycelium remains in the active state. PMID- 6664315 TI - [Growth characteristics of haploid and diploid Hansenula polymorpha yeasts on methanol in continuous culture]. AB - The rate of growth and the yield of biomass of a Hunsenula polymorpha homozygous diploid strain ML-3 X ML-3 were nearly identical with those of the parent haploid culture ML-3. The two cultures were eliminated from the fermenter at D = 0.20 to 0.21 h-1. In contrast, a heterozygous diploid strain ML-3 X VKM 1397 could grow at D = 0.23 to 0.25 h-1 and its biomass yield reached 38% while the yields of the haploid and homozygous diploid strains were 35 to 36%. The pH of the medium had the same effect on the three cultures: a change in the pH from 4.0 to 3.5 and then to 3.0 did not influence the yield of biomass; a further pH drop to 2.5 made the cells be eliminated from the fermenter. PMID- 6664314 TI - [Conditions and characteristics of the early stages of the sexual interaction of Pichia amethionina var. amethionina and Pichia amethionina var. pachycereana yeast cells]. AB - Pichia amethionina varieties have different sensitivity to the acidity of the medium: P. amethionina var. amethionina has the optimum pH 3 for agglutination and 5 for conjugation; P. amethionina var. pachycereana has the optimum pH 4-6 for agglutination and 6 for conjugation. The optimum temperature for the both organisms is 24 degrees C. Under the optimum conditions, P. amethionina var. amethionina has a 98% agglutination and a 28% conjugation; for P. amethionina var. pachycereana, these values are 83 and 55%, respectively. The agglutination of the two varieties does not depend on the presence of glucose. The conjugation of P. amethionina var. pachycereana does not occur in a medium without glucose while the conjugation of P. amethionina var. amethionina is reduced twofold under these conditions. Inositol, biotin and folic acid produce positive effect on the conjugation of P. amethionina var. pachycereana, but only folic acid favours the conjugation of P. amethionina var. amethionina. No differences have been found between the varieties by staining their cells and zygotes with FITC-ConA. PMID- 6664316 TI - [Characteristics of defective lysogeny in Streptomyces chrysomallus]. AB - When Streptomyces chrysomallus 2703 grows on solid media, lytic zones appear in the form of negative colonies which are not caused by the virulent phage. The material from these colonies and the cultural broth of S. chrysomallus 2703 were examined by electron microscopy. Four different morphological types of particles were revealed, three of which were defective phage particles (tails). Particles of the fourth type had a regular hexagonal shape and a diameter of 200A. The particles prevailed in all of the preparations. Their origin is discussed. S. chrysomallus in considered as a poly- and defective lysogenic culture. PMID- 6664317 TI - [Contact lenses and specific occupational activities]. PMID- 6664318 TI - [Epidemiology of pleural mesothelioma in the Province of Trieste: the role of occupational exposure to asbestos]. PMID- 6664319 TI - Platelet MAO activity in shift workers exposed to noise. PMID- 6664320 TI - [Allergic pathology in a pre-prepared pizza production department]. PMID- 6664321 TI - [Occupational exposure to halogenated anesthetics in 28 operating rooms of 5 hospitals in Milan and its environs]. PMID- 6664323 TI - [Occupational cardiopathology: absence of effect or lack of knowledge? Proposal of a method for a diagnostic approach]. PMID- 6664322 TI - [Acute hepatitis in subjects exposed to 2-acetylfuran and hydrazine]. PMID- 6664324 TI - [Exposure to asbestos and lymphoid neoplasms]. PMID- 6664325 TI - [Alimentary lead poisoning is now a reality. Description of 2 cases]. PMID- 6664326 TI - [A new dosimeter for bronchial provocation tests: technical tests and in vitro tests]. PMID- 6664327 TI - [Evaluation of cobalt exposure in the production of hard metals by environmental and biological measures]. PMID- 6664329 TI - Stress and coronary risk in shiftworkers. PMID- 6664328 TI - [Toxic occupational liver diseases. Critical considerations of a case load]. PMID- 6664330 TI - [Myocardial infarct during the productive ages: considerations of resumption of work]. PMID- 6664331 TI - [Pattern of the most common cardiorespiratory parameters in 28l normal male subjects under stress]. PMID- 6664332 TI - [A case of occupational asthma caused by diphenyl methane diisocyanate]. PMID- 6664333 TI - [Occupational exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in metal, wood and plastic workshops in l6 plants]. PMID- 6664334 TI - [Biological monitoring of subjects exposed to cadmium metallurgy]. PMID- 6664335 TI - [Folic acid behaviour in celiac disease]. PMID- 6664337 TI - [The mother-child relationship and the pregnancy experience in mothers delivered under autohypnosis]. PMID- 6664336 TI - [Long-term follow-up of 62 children with Schoenlein-Henoch syndrome]. PMID- 6664338 TI - [Neonatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection due to contaminated disinfectants in the delivery room]. PMID- 6664339 TI - [The role of oxytocin in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia]. PMID- 6664340 TI - [Long-term study (7 years and 8 months) of a case of trisomy 13 with long survival]. PMID- 6664341 TI - [Description of a case of bronchiolitis complicated by spontaneous pneumothorax and acute atrophy of the thymus gland]. PMID- 6664342 TI - [Skeletal development of Turin children in comparison with the British standard (males between 6 and 11 years of age)]. PMID- 6664343 TI - [Immunoglobulins in man. Biological properties and therapeutic aspects]. AB - The therapy with (modified) immune serum globulin implies critical limitation of therapeutic indications as well as the knowledge of the biological and physical properties of the immunoglobulin preparations. While the therapeutic effect in prophylaxis and substitution therapy is well established, the benefit has still to be proven for the therapy of severe acute infections. The predominant role of antibodies in the defense against bacterial and some viral infections encourages for the use of immune serum globulin in acute infections. PMID- 6664344 TI - [Hereditary complement defects]. AB - The complement system is one of the most important and best analyzed biological amplification systems in humans. Hereditary deficiency states of one of the components may lead to various autoimmune disorders, recurrent bacterial infections or recurrent cutaneous edema in non-atopic subjects. This review makes an attempt to describe clinics and pathophysiology of the component deficiencies known to date. A procedure for laboratory evaluation of patients with suspected complement deficiency is described. PMID- 6664345 TI - [Left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery as a syndrome found in infancy, childhood and adulthood]. AB - The cases of two patients with Bland-White-Garland-Syndrome are reported. A 13 year old girl had been operated during infancy (ligation of the left coronary artery at its origin from the pulmonary artery) and showed reopening of the ligation with marked collateral circulation between the right and left coronary artery. She was operated again, successfully. A second critically ill patient with a typical pattern of anterolateral infarction in his ECG recovered so well that only five years later he was readmitted; then he showed the adult-type ECG with good collateral circulation between the right and left coronary artery. He underwent an equally successful operation. In both cases there is good evidence for the development of a sufficient collateral circulation after ligation of the coronary artery to pulmonary artery connection. Spontaneous formation of anastomoses between the right and left coronary artery enables even infants with this anomaly to survive. These findings confirm the suggestion that the "infancy type" and "adult-type" of the Bland-White-Garland-Syndrome represent only different stages of the same disease. PMID- 6664346 TI - [Emergency treatment of arrhythmias in neonates and infants]. AB - Emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias was required in 41 newborn and infants aged two days to 9 months (mean 77 days) from July 1977 until September 1981. Heart defects were present in 27 (65.8%). Invasive electrophysiological studies were performed in all patients. The different types of arrhythmias were: bradyarrhythmias in 9 (21.9%): bradycardia to cardiac arrest (5), congenital complete AV-block (3), postoperative complete AV-block (1). Tachyarrhythmias in 32 patients (78.1%): reentry through accessory connections (21), congenital atrial flutter (6), ventricular flutter/fibrillation (3), and AV-nodal tachycardia (2). Overdrive atrial or ventricular stimulation with a consecutive series of 15-20 impulses of 5-10 Volts abolished arrhythmic attacks in 22 patients including 4 in whom prior digitalization had no effect. In two other patients overdrive pacing achieved sinus rhythm only after i.v. Propafenon. In 4 further patients 36.2 to 63.8 mg/m2 i.v. Propafenon and in 4 other patients DC synchronized cardioversion with 1 to 3 Wsec/kg restored a normal heart rate. The 3 patients with congenital complete heart block died, one despite permanent pacing. Oral Propafenon therapy with 300 mg/m2 die in three divided doses following emergency therapy of tachyarrhythmias was discontinued in patients without arrhythmias after 1 year on drug therapy. There was no relapse after a mean follow-up period of 1.9 years. Only patients with congestive heart failure due to cardiac defects needed additional digitalisation. Thus, in our experience antiarrhythmic drug therapy with Propafenon was more effective in this age group than digitalization. PMID- 6664347 TI - [Aphasia with epilepsy: a new syndrome?]. AB - Three children are described who between 5 and 7 years of age developed behaviour disorders and comprehension deficit for acoustic language. All had associated spike-and-wave discharges in the EEG. Clinical seizures occurred after the onset of aphasia and were easily controlled by anticonvulsant treatment. The aphasia disappeared but without clear-cut correlation to the EEG or control of clinical seizures. The clinical picture resembled the "syndrome of acquired aphasia with convulsive disorder" described by Landau and Kleffner. Previous reports on aphasia in childhood show that this syndrome was already well-known then. The relationship to other acquired language disorders with psychiatric illnesses is discussed. PMID- 6664350 TI - [Screening studies in newborn infants]. PMID- 6664348 TI - [Hydroxyproline in morning urine. A reliable parameter for bone turnover in childhood]. AB - OH-P/Cr was measured in morning fasting urine specimens of 300 healthy subjects and of children with disorders of calcium metabolism receiving no diet. In healthy children the values were sex and age dependent reflecting the different height velocities. The OH-P excretion was not different in schoolchildren receiving a OH-P-poor diet for at least two days in comparison to subjects of the same age group with unrestricted diet. OH-P/Cr correlated well with serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and decreased rapidly after a calcium load. OH P/Cr and AP were elevated in patients with increased bone turnover (hyperparathyroidism and hypophosphatemic rickets). In contrast, the OH-P excretion was normal in children with permanent or transient isolated hyperphosphatasemia. In children with vitamin D deficiency rickets there was a further increase of OH-P/Cr in response to vitamin therapy, while the AP activity, which reflects osteoblastic activity, tended to fall. This indicates that the observed increment of the OH-P excretion in these children is due to a temporary resorption of osteoid caused by the increasing levels of vitamin D metabolites. It is concluded that the measurement of OH-P/Cr provides a useful tool of bone turnover in children, in that it makes complete 24 h-urine collections and a OH-P free diet unnecessary. In combination with other indices of calcium metabolism the determination of the OH-P ratio is considered to be a valuable measure for the diagnosis and follow-up of bone disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6664349 TI - [Hairy nasopharyngeal polyp as a respiratory emergency]. AB - Respiratory distress and a total airway obstruction in an newborn was caused by a mobile tumour in the pharynx. Urgently it had to be fixed with holding suture under traction. Surgical resection revealed a bipartial hairy tumour based on the lateral pharyngeal side of the soft palate. The histologic examination showed: fat tissue, cornified epidermis and sebaceous glands, but no further signs of teratoma. Further complications as Pneumothorax and necrotising entercolitis could be managed. PMID- 6664351 TI - [Epidemiology of hypertension in childhood]. AB - There is some evidence that atherosclerosis and hypertension can already start in childhood or adolescence. For early detection in this age group, therefore regular blood pressure readings should be routine. Blood pressure in American and German children and adolescents is rising with age, in boys more than in girls; this phenomenon is not so striking in the Yanomamo-Indians. The frequency of hypertension in population studies of children and adolescents (systolic blood pressure above 139 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure above 89 mm Hg) is 1-2% (fixed hypertension) vs. about 10% (labile hypertension). PMID- 6664352 TI - [Does essential hypertension exist in childhood?]. AB - Essential hypertension in children is difficult to define and is probably very rare. Of 44 children and adolescents diagnosed between 1966 and 1980 to have essential hypertension, we found that only 8 patients continued to be hypertensive, 3 patients turned out to have secondary hypertension and only 5 patients continued to have elevated blood pressures. The incidence of obesity was high in our patients initially diagnosed to have hypertension, but had normalized their weight at the time of reevaluation. The patients with sustained hypertension had initial diastolic blood pressures over 90 mm of mercury at an age of under 12 years and over 100 mm of mercury when older than 12 years of age. PMID- 6664353 TI - [Endocrine and neurogenic hypertension in childhood]. AB - Endocrine and neurological diseases are rare causes of arterial hypertension in childhood. They represent less than 5% of all cases of secondary hypertension. Inflammatory, traumatic, and tumorous disorders of the central nervous system rarely result in chronic hypertension but may frequently be associated with acute hypertensive crisis. The most important hypertensinogenic endocrine diseases are the catecholamine producing tumors pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma and disorders of the adrenal cortex such as Cushing's syndrome, hyperaldosteronism, 11-hydroxylase deficiency and other mineralocorticoid excess syndromes. Renin producing tumors, hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism are rare causes of hypertension in children. Neurogenic and endocrine forms of hypertension have contributed considerably to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of blood pressure regulation. They are of particular interest to the pediatrician since specific therapy may be available. PMID- 6664354 TI - [Hypertension in cardiovascular diseases]. AB - The clinical signs of coarctation of the aorta are easy to recognize. Praeductal stenosis may be masked by patent duct in the newborn. The treatment is surgical. The indications for angiography and for surgery are determined by clinical findings and symptoms of hypertension or cardiac failure. Stenoses of the abdominal aorta or stenoses of other arteries causing hypertension are rare in comparison to classical coarctation. Since the life time expectancy is reduced and the complications of hypertension due to aortic or arterial stenosis are numerous and grave early detection and surgical treatment of this disease are mandatory. PMID- 6664355 TI - [Formaldehyde sediment in incubators following disinfection]. AB - Measurements in incubators revealed the presence of formaldehyde concentrations involving a health risk for premature and normal newborns kept and cared for in incubators. Prior to measurements, the incubators had been disinfected by means of formaldehyde vapours in an "Aseptor" disinfecting cabinet (Dragerwerk AG, Lubeck) and then ventilated in strict adherence to operating instructions. The elevated formaldehyde concentrations found had been due to residues of paraformaldehyde and urotropin on the surfaces of the disinfected apparatus, liberating formaldehyde by hydrolysis depending on temperature and relative humidity. There should be a basic reconsideration of the present practice of incubator disinfection. From experiments with activated-carbon filters in incubators it would seem that there is a chance of reducing such formaldehyde concentrations. PMID- 6664356 TI - [Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome]. AB - 12 patients (9 male, 3 female) with the Prader-Labhart-Willi-Syndrome (PLWS) were examined, and had medical treatment. Small stature varied in degree; body-height was found below the 25th percentile of normal height in 9 of the patients, 6 of them ranged along or below the 3rd percentile. Growth-hormone (GH) was measured after i.v.-Arginine-provocationtest; in 7 cases GH-peaks did not rise over 10 ng/ml, 4 of the children showed GH-peaks of less than 4 ng/ml. One of the boys was treated with GH for 5 years with good results, no secondary effect on carbohydrate metabolism was observed. In one girl we started with GH-therapy only recently. In 7 of 9 children at the age of puberty we found hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. In 10 patients, who underwent i.v. GTT, 4 showed a prediabetic metabolic state with elevated plasma insulin levels, a fifth boy suffered from diabetes. The development of type-2-diabetes is caused by abnormal insulin resistance, which is connected with overfeeding and obesity. Treatment of obesity is the most important problem in the PLWS. Regular hypocaloric food is not accepted by most of the children. Therefore, in cases of ineffective dietetic treatment, we recommend gastric partitioning with proximal gastro-jejunostomy, as we performed in two of our patients with good results regarding weight-loss. In two of six children examined, we found chromosomal abnormalities. PMID- 6664357 TI - [Infection prevention following splenectomy: protective effect of a new 17-valent pneumococcal vaccine]. AB - The antibody response to a new, 17-valent pneumococcal vaccine (Moniarix; Smith Kline-RIT) was tested in 43 splenectomised or functionally asplenic patients. The vaccine contained the following types of capsular antigens: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6A, 7F, 8, 9N, 11A, 12F, 14, 15F, 17F, 18C, 19F, 23F, 25 (Danish nomenclature). The vaccination was well tolerated. Local, reversible reddening and swelling was seen in 22 patients. The only systemic side effect was a rise of temperature in 13 patients. Serum titers of more than 300 ng/ml of specific antibodies were considered protective. A complete immunization of all patients was reached only with the capsular antigens 11A and 19F. The other antigens only induced protective serum concentrations in some of the patients. Considering the frequency of infections with the different types of antigens in Western Europe, percentage of asplenic patients at risk for infections with all pneumococcal types has been reduced by the vaccination to about 34%. It is proposed that the combination of pneumococcal vaccine and penicillin-prophylaxis provide effective protection for splenectomised patients against bacterial infections. The duration of penicillin-prophylaxis depends on the age of the patient at the time of splenectomy and the basic disease. PMID- 6664358 TI - [Bacterial colonization of the stomach in newborn infants with gastrostomy]. AB - Quantitative bacterial cultures were carried out in 137 gastric aspirates of 52 neonates with gastrostomies due to intestinal malformations. In 28% there was no growth of any organism, in 72% we found one to four bacterial species. Most often enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus epidermidis and candida albicans could be cultured. We could not find any influence of systemic antibiotic therapy on bacterial colonization of the stomach. On the other hand nystatin given orally significantly decreased colonization by candida albicans. Different types of formulas or breast milk had no influence on types of species isolated. Clinically it was interesting to note that 12/52 children developed diarrhea and that 6 newborns developed septicaemia caused by the same organisms as we had found in elevated numbers in their gastric aspirates. PMID- 6664359 TI - [Juvenile diabetes mellitus with optic atrophy and labyrinthine deafness. An autosomal-recessive inherited syndrome]. AB - A now 12 year old boy developed diabetes mellitus when he was 7 years old. From 9 years on he developed progressive optic atrophy and deafness. Type I diabetes mellitus, together with progressive optic atrophy and several other symptoms like deafness, diabetes insipidus and ectasy of urinary tract are known for more than 40 years as autosomal-recessively inherited conditions. Therefore, in case of diabetes mellitus combined with optic atrophy it is necessary to search for further symptoms, developing during the course of the disease. Genetic counselling to the families is mandatory. PMID- 6664361 TI - [Lumbar intervertebral disk prolapses in adolescents]. AB - Six adolescent patients aged 13 to 17 years with lumbar disc prolapse all had a positive Lasegue's test. Clinical symptoms were varied, vertebral symptoms were more pronounced. In all cases myelographic findings corresponded with those at operation. The neurological deficits mostly disappeared after operation. In contrast to adults disc herniation in adolescents was recognized only after some time since lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion is rare and often shows atypical symptoms in teen-aged patients. PMID- 6664362 TI - [Ultrastructural studies in experimental pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6664360 TI - [Neonatal leukemoid reaction caused by prenatal corticoid administration?]. AB - A leukemoid reaction in the neonatal phase of a preterm infant is described. After a maximum of 112,000/microliter at the forth day leukocyte concentration normalized during the end of the second week of life. Intensive investigations could reveal none of the known causes of leukocytosis. The connection with maternal corticoid administration to prevent respiratory distress syndrome is discussed. PMID- 6664363 TI - [Alexander's leukodystrophy]. PMID- 6664364 TI - [Scanning electron microscope studies of changes on the surface of intrauterine devices]. PMID- 6664365 TI - [Concretions in renal basement membranes]. PMID- 6664366 TI - [The role of fibroblasts in amyloid formation]. PMID- 6664367 TI - [Muscle biopsy (review of 500 muscle biopsies)]. PMID- 6664368 TI - [The use of carbamide peroxide in the benzidine reaction]. PMID- 6664369 TI - [Liver lesions of cardiac origin as a clinical diagnostic problem]. PMID- 6664370 TI - [A case of solitary plasmacytoma localized in the femoral metaphysis]. PMID- 6664371 TI - [Population genetic survey of the erythrocyte esterase D isoenzyme system in residents of Szeged and its environs (southern Hungary)]. PMID- 6664372 TI - [Tumor-related myopathies]. PMID- 6664373 TI - Horizontal cross-sections of the cervical spine. Computed tomography and anatomy every 6 mm. AB - Comparison between the anatomical and computed tomographical aspects, was performed on horizontal cross-sections every 6 mm, of one human cervical spine. The entire spine was taken off from a fresh man's cadaver with the head and neck. The sample was first computed tomographied and then anatomically sawn on the same levels with the same thickness. The differences between both techniques are minimal, dued to the analysis of a plane for the anatomy and the integration of a volume for the C.T. scan. Clinical and fundamental applications are pointed. PMID- 6664374 TI - Computed-tomographical biometry of the cervical spine on horizontal cross sections every 6 mm. AB - Biometry was performed on the computed tomographical cross-sections of one human cervical spine. The entire spine was removed with the head and neck from a fresh cadaver of an adult man. Horizontal cross-sections were performed with a C. T. scan from the base of the skull to the thoracic level. The measurements concerned the diameters of the vertebrae, spinal canal and spinal cord; the depth of the posterior and anterior walls, and of the para-vertebral muscles. Clinical and fundamental applications are underlined. PMID- 6664375 TI - [Imaging of the spinal canal using computed tomography]. AB - The wall of the vertebral canal is formed differently at various levels of the spinal column. These differences depend both on the formation of the elements of the neural arch (pedicle and lamina), and on the arrangement of the joints of the articular processes. The outline of the vertebral canal is determined by the ligaments between the vertebrae, one of which - the ligamentum flavum - sometimes encroaches upon the space of the canal to a considerable effect. This work is intended to demonstrate that axial computed tomography is as a non-invasive technique at least as satisfactory as myelography for examination of the vertebral canal. PMID- 6664376 TI - [Anatomical technic for interpreting CT images in various planes]. AB - As a result of the new technique of axial computer tomography, it is possible to use data from transverse serial sections to construct sections in other planes. A method has been developed which allows transverse, sagittal and other sections (coronal f.e.) to be cut from the same specimen. After the C.T. exposure has been made, the specimen is frozen and cut into sections, and the sections photographed. The sections are reassembled and again frozen, so as to restore the specimen in its original form. It is then possible to cut new sections in any plan desired, and photograph them so that they may be compared with the reconstruction C.T. image. PMID- 6664378 TI - Anatomy of the upper abdomen: computarized tomography. AB - The possibilities of computed axial tomography in displaying normal anatomy are shown. The fact scanners are able to show important anatomical details including vascular anatomy. The upper abdomen is shown in consecutive slices to demonstrate the most important anatomical landmarks. The possibility of reconstructed coronal and sagittal planes from the axial slices offers good correlation with classical topographical anatomy. Axial anatomy from cadaver and computed tomography should be included in our teaching to medical students as part of the background needed for their future clinical practice. PMID- 6664377 TI - [Relevance of computed tomography to the fine-structure analysis of bone. A comparative radiological study]. AB - Computed tomography, a relatively young X-ray imaging modality, has so far been mainly employed for the differentiation and densitometry of soft tissues. By modification of the image reconstruction algorithm spatial resolution was improved significantly such that imaging of fine structures and of high contrast boundaries became possible. The image characteristics of the high-resolution computed tomograms were investigated on petrous bones and lumbar vertebral bodies. In the petrous bone, an exact anatomic reconstruction of the bony structures of the inner ear is achieved. In vertebral bodies, imaging of spongiosa structures with 2 mm slice thickness and thereby an early diagnosis of osteoporosis are possible. PMID- 6664379 TI - Infections of man by opportunistic molds - their identification and nomenclature of their diseases. PMID- 6664380 TI - Tetrodotoxin-sensitive and -resistant effects of veratridine on the noradrenergic neurone of the rat vas deferens. AB - The veratridine-induced release of 3H-noradrenaline from noradrenergic neurones was examined in the isolated vas deferens of either untreated or reserpine plus pargyline-pretreated rats. The rat vas deferens, whose catechol O methyltransferase was inhibited, was first incubated with 0.4 mumol/l 3H-( )noradrenaline (30 min) and then washed repeatedly with amine-free solution. After 120 min (i.e., well after the efflux of tritium from the tissue had reached a steady level and was predominantly of neuronal origin), washout was continued in the presence of veratridine for further 10-15 min. In vasa deferentia of untreated rats, veratridine (1-100 mumol/l) caused a concentration-dependent increase in the efflux of tritium. At high concentrations of the drug (30 or 100 mumol/l), this increase in efflux was peak-like during the first 3 min ("peak response") and then fell to a plateau ("plateau response"). In the presence of veratridine, unchanged 3H-noradrenaline accounted for about 75% of the tritium efflux (the rest being represented by deaminated 3H-catechol metabolites). The "peak response" to veratridine (100 mumol/l) was abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX; 1 mumol/l) or the absence of external Ca2+. Cocaine (10 mumol/l) affected neither the "peak response" as such nor the contribution by 3H-noradrenaline to the efflux of tritium during that response. Hence, the "peak response" was due to exocytotic release of 3H-noradrenaline from the neurone. The "plateau response" to veratridine (100 mumol/l) was unaffected by the absence of external Ca2+, largely resistant to TTX (1 mumol/l) and moderately reduced by cocaine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6664381 TI - Involvement of central dopamine receptors in the hypotensive action of pergolide. AB - The involvement of central dopamine receptors in the hypotensive action of the dopaminergic ergoline, pergolide was determined in anesthetized rats. Intravenous (i.v.) or intracerebroventricular (i.v.t.) administration of pergolide (12.5, 25 and 50 micrograms/kg) produced dose-dependent decreases in blood pressure. The magnitude of hypotension seen following either i.v. or i.v.t. administration of pergolide was similar. However, while both sulpiride (1 mg/kg, i.v.) as well as phentolamine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) antagonized the hypotensive action of i.v. pergolide, only sulpiride (1 mg/kg, i.v.t.) was able to antagonize the hypotension seen following i.v.t. administration of pergolide. Phentolamine (1 mg/kg, i.v.t.) did not alter the central hypotensive action of pergolide. In a separate group of rats, clonidine (25 micrograms/kg, i.v.t.) also produced a decrease in blood pressure. While phentolamine (i.v.t.) antagonized the central hypotensive action of clonidine, sulpiride (i.v.t.) did not have any effect on the action of clonidine. These results show that selective activation of central dopamine receptors was responsible for the hypotensive action of centrally administered pergolide. In a separate group of rats greater splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity was measured. Intravenous pergolide produced similar hypotensive response as seen in previous groups, and this was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the sympathetic nerve activity. The maximum fall in blood pressure (26 +/- 6 mm Hg) was correlated with a 40% reduction in sympathetic nerve activity. The return of blood pressure to control levels occurred after 60 70 min and was also associated with the return of sympathetic nerve activity to control levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6664383 TI - [Diabetes mellitus, neuropathy of the autonomic nervous system and analysis of cardiovascular reflex activity]. PMID- 6664382 TI - Evidence for mediation by 5-HT2 receptors of 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction of canine basilar artery. AB - The agonist potencies of 8 indole derivatives and the potencies of 19 recognized antagonists to inhibit constrictor responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) of canine basilar artery were established. In addition the affinities of the indole derivatives for [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine [( 3H]5-HT) binding sites and the affinities of the antagonists for [125Iodo]LSD [( 125I]LSD) binding sites in rat brain cortex membranes were determined. Comparison was also made between the potencies of the antagonists on canine basilar artery and the KD values published for displacement of [3H]ketanserin binding (Leysen et al. 1982). There was a good correlation between the affinities of the antagonists for 5-HT2 binding sites labelled by both [125I]LSD and [3H]ketanserin and the affinity parameters calculated for inhibition of constrictor responses to 5-HT of canine basilar artery. No correlation could be found between the affinities of the indole derivatives for 5-HT1 binding sites labelled by [3H]5-HT and their potencies to constrict canine basilar artery. It is concluded that constrictor responses to 5 HT of canine basilar artery are mediated by 5-HT2-like receptors. PMID- 6664384 TI - [The "holiday heart" syndrome]. PMID- 6664385 TI - [Poisoning due to water hemlock (Cicuta virosa)]. PMID- 6664386 TI - [Special food preparations for athletes: sense or nonsense?]. PMID- 6664388 TI - [Do you summarize like this too?]. PMID- 6664389 TI - [Toxic effects of drugs on the central nervous system]. PMID- 6664387 TI - [Reform and alternative: a justifiable choice possibility?]. PMID- 6664390 TI - [2 notable aspects of the hypothalamic control of sexual functions. Feedback effect in the infundibular nucleus--hypertrophy of the subventricular nucleus]. PMID- 6664391 TI - [Neurosyphilis in a Swiss neurologic university clinic. Analysis of 22 cases]. PMID- 6664392 TI - [Meningopolyneuritis (Garin-Bujadoux, Bannwarth). Clinical aspects and laboratory findings]. PMID- 6664393 TI - [Diagnostic value of central muscle fiber changes. Biopsy and electrophysiologic findings in 129 patients]. PMID- 6664394 TI - [Circadian frequency distribution of cerebral ischemic attacks]. PMID- 6664395 TI - [Course and outcome of severe traumatic coma]. AB - This study will consider the course and final outcome of severe traumatic coma (Glasgow coma scale score 5-3 at admission). Intensive rehabilitation programs aimed at functional recovery must be undertaken from the very beginning. The importance of retraining of axial motricity is stressed. Successive stages of evolution and various neurological syndromes disclosed during the awakening period are described. Even in the case of these very severe brain injuries, a considerable amount of recovery is possible and leads to a normal socio-economic status in 62% of the cases. 22% however will remain bound to some type of sheltered life. Functional outcome is not related to the depth of initial coma but rather to the length of comatose period. It can be safely predicted only at the awakening phase, the neurological status reached at this time reflecting rather well the overall extent and severity of brain lesions. Neurophysiological mechanisms likely to support the functional recovery after this type of trauma are discussed. PMID- 6664396 TI - [Post-traumatic subdural hygroma]. AB - Post-traumatic subdural hygromas, or hydromas, are collections of fluid most often caused by severe head injuries. They present from the onset as hypodense pictures on computerized axial tomography scan (CAT-scan). CAT-scan is the best way to diagnose and to follow the evolution of hygromas. Out of 3002 patients admitted for head injuries, the authors have collected 70 cases of hygromas. 24 of these 70 patients underwent burrhole evacuation of the hygroma. The other 46 had conservative treatment. In both groups, the clinical picture, at short or long-term follow up, was more influenced by the associated brain injuries (extra- or subdural hematomas, cerebral contusion) than by the evolution of the hygroma itself. The surgical treatment of the hygroma was seldom followed by a significant improvement in the patients' condition. As the size of hygromas usually diminishes spontaneously, it seems appropriate most of the time to treat them conservatively and to follow them by CAT-scan, according to the clinical picture. PMID- 6664397 TI - [Supratentorial arachnoidal cysts]. AB - The AA., after having examined the various hypothesis reported in literature about the etiopathogenesis and the contrasting anatomical and pathological data concerning the arachnoid supratentorial cysts, point out the remarkable frequency of they malformative and above-all post-traumatic genesis. On the formation mechanism of this last type, they agree upon the supposition expressed by Taveras and Ransohoff in 1953. The AA., therefore, after having analysed the principal morphological and topographical aspects, pay attention to the present diagnostic possibilities, above all in radiological range, where the TAC represents, by this time, the examination of election compared with traditional assurances with means of contrast. It follows the analysis of the personal casuistry, consisting in 6 arachnoid supratentorial cysts, two of which clearly post-traumatic and two, very probably, of malformative genesis (for the coexistence of data in favour of both suppositions). The AA. draw these conclusions: the CT Scan is the only diagnostic means which permits an exact pre-operating diagnosis on the nature of the lesion; the surgical and, above all, anatomo-pathological reports assume an essential rule for an exact etiopathogenetic interpretation of the lesion examined. PMID- 6664398 TI - [Peroperative evoked potentials in neurosurgery]. AB - The application of somatosensory evoked potentials in different fields of neurosurgical procedures are presented. SSEP are used for the intra-operative control in aneurysm surgery, during a.v. malformation surgery specially in the posterior fossa and in the operative treatment of large acoustic neurinomas. Finally the authors describe their technic of anterior spinal cord stimulation in transthoracic approach in spinal cord traumatic lesions. In this patients proven intra-operative neuronal continuity allows good prognosis of functional recovery. PMID- 6664399 TI - [Microsurgery of common discal sciatica. Technics and results]. AB - The authors report their own experience of microsurgery for surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Series include 30 cases with a one year of mean follow up. Comparative studies are discussed according to others microsurgical series already published. Good care of peridural fat and gently retraction of the root seem to be main factors for good functional result. PMID- 6664400 TI - [Cerebellar hemorrhage. Clinico-topographic correlations and therapeutic indications]. AB - Spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhages are more easily recognized since the large use of CT scanner. In this series of 28 cases, they represent 9% of all spontaneous intra-cranial hemorrhages. Three main categories may be described. Small hematomas (less than 3 cm) are located in the postero-medial part of the cerebellum (9 cases): they are difficult to recognize, due to their limited clinical signs; their evolution is spontaneously favorable. Larger hematomas (more than 3 cm) represent two thirds of our clinical cases. When situated near the midline (7 cases) stupor or coma are quite constant, as neurovegetative signs; differentiating this type of case from brain-stem hemorrhages is difficult; prognosis is severe as even with surgery; there is a high mortality rate. When located more laterally (12 cases), their evolution is less acute: consciousness disturbances do not generally occur at the onset, whereas cerebellar disfunction is quite obvious; contrary to midline cases, these, when operated upon at an early stage, show a high success rate. If operation is delayed, the prognosis is much more serious due to the mass effect of this lesion in the posterior fossa. This is clearly demonstrated by CT scan which consistently shows displacement of the 4th ventricle with hydrocephalus of the lateral ventricles. PMID- 6664401 TI - [Acutely developing glioma and negative CT scan. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - Three adults presented convulsive fits for the first time in their lives, and examination with a CT scan showed no anomalies. Repetition of the CT scans a few weeks later revealed the presence of evolving lesions. Based on these 3 cases and 11 previously published cases, the problem of "normal" CT scans and rapidly developing glioblastomas is discussed. PMID- 6664402 TI - [Ischemic pituitary apoplexy and cerebrovascular accident]. AB - Operative findings of degenerative changes in pituitary adenomas are not uncommon; however, clinical apoplexy is rare. We report the case of a 43-year-old man who presents a sudden right hemiplegia with aphasia and right ophthalmoplegia, in relation with an ischemic pituitary apoplexy and cerebral vasospasm. A few cases of arterial obstruction or vasospasm associated with pituitary apoplexy have been reported in the literature. Cerebral arterial spasm has also been observed after pituitary surgery. Inclusion of blood or necrotic material in the subarachnoid space seems not to be the only mechanism of vasospasm. The role of hypothalamic dysfunction is considered. PMID- 6664403 TI - [Enlarged transbasal approach by mobilization of the medial fronto-orbital ridge]. AB - Tumors involving the base of the skull are best approached by the transbasal route as described by Derome. However this approach can be improved by mobilization of the medial part of the supra-orbital ridge according to the technical principles used in treatment of craniosynostosis. This allows a wide exposure of the ethmoido-sphenoidal area with minimal retraction of the frontal lobes. The axis of working becomes parallel and even inferior to the plane of the cribriform plate and gives a better access to the upper part of the clivus. Rhinologic complementary approach (rhinoseptal or transfacial) can be associated with this technique. However a more anterior part of the nasal mucosae is exposed by this procedure: one can control the mucosae in front of the tumor and avoid a complementary rhinoseptal route. This simple technical trick has been used in seven cases with satisfactory results. PMID- 6664404 TI - [Extradural spinal hematoma without traumatic bone lesion. Apropos of 9 cases]. AB - Extradural spinal hematomas observed in 9 cases over a period of 11 years developed in the absence of blood coagulation disorders in 3 cases, during anticoagulant therapy in 5 cases, and during the course of a megaloblastic anemia in one patient. The presence of marked associated myelomalacia was confirmed at postmortem in one case. Etiopathogenic factors remain obscure, particularly in spontaneously developing forms, and careful histologic examination of all clots is necessary to determine possible vascular malformations at the origin of the hematoma. PMID- 6664405 TI - [Edematous cerebellar infarction in the young subject]. AB - A 19 years' old white male presented with a stuporous state, initially suspected to be of a toxic origin. It appeared soon that the patient had a left oedematous cerebellar infarction with obstructive hydrocephalus. The angiographic study has shown an occlusion of the left vertebral artery at the level of C2. After reviewing the literature about the different etiologies of vertebral occlusions in the young people, it appeared likewise that, in this case, it was the result of a traumatic compression due to an alcoholic coma. Despite an external ventricular drainage, the neurological state worsened. After a left suboccipital craniotomy and resection of the external part of the cerebellar hemisphere, the state of the patient improved quickly, and he was discharged from hospital with a light cerebellar syndrome. PMID- 6664406 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome: how good is the criticism? PMID- 6664407 TI - Visual evoked response testing method for neonatal rats. AB - Visual evoked responses (VER's) were recorded from pentobarbital-sedated neonatal Fischer 344 rats at 10, 12, 14 and 22 days of age. Subcutaneously placed needle electrodes were used to record VER maturation within individual animals. The mean latency to the first negative peak was 190.8 msec at 10 days of age, 117.4 msec at 12 days of age, 84.2 msec at 14 days of age and 39.4 msec by 22 days of age. Larger pups had shorter latencies, and males had shorter latencies than females. When latencies were adjusted for body weight differences (females were lighter), there were no sex differences. There were significant latency differences between litters. Repeatability was demonstrated by the persistence of pup-to-pup order (fastest to slowest latency), from 12 to 14 days of age. PMID- 6664408 TI - Neurotoxicological investigation of pesticides in animal experiments. AB - Toxicology investigations of the active ingredients of 13 pesticides of technical purity belonging to the organophosphate, carbamate, chlorinated hydrocarbon, phenoxy-acetic acid, triazin groups as well as one product and a vehicle were carried out. Some of the toxicological tests, e.g., measurement of body weight, organ weight, blood analyses, morphology, BSP retention, did not provide sufficient information on the early changes caused by small doses of these agents. With the help of functional, neurotoxicological, EEG and psychophysiological methods, early signs of functional disturbances in the nervous system could be detected. Computer analysis of the EEG proved to be the most valuable method although learning deficits were also measured at low doses. In the case of organophosphate and carbamate derivatives the determination of cholinesterase activity proved to be less sensitive than the neurotoxicological measurements as an index of toxicity. The author considers neurotoxicological investigations indispensable in the early detection of toxicity, for the toxicological evaluation of new pesticides as well as for the setting of standards. PMID- 6664409 TI - Effects of gestational alcohol on the development of neonatal reflexes in the rat. AB - The offspring of rats fed a diet containing 10% (v/v) of ethanol were tested for developmental differences from controls on a variety of maturational events and reflexes. Results indicated slower development of fur onset and ear (pinnae) opening, more rapid and vigorous righting responses and shorter dowel-grasping times in the offspring of ethanol-fed dams. No differences in rooting reflex, Babinski reflex, or in the visual placing response were found. These findings were seen as consistent with the interpretation that gestational alcohol exposure results in reduction in the ability of subjects to inhibit responses. The reduction in inhibition is not inconsistent with damage to the hippocampal area of the brain. PMID- 6664410 TI - Naloxone-induced suppression of food intake is potentiated by neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate to mice. AB - The anorectic potency of naloxone and fenfluramine was evaluated in mice treated neonatally with 4 mg/g of MSG. Naloxone produced a specific and pronounced suppression of food intake in MSG-treated mice, whereas fenfluramine was equipotent in suppressing food intake for both MSG-treated and control mice. Naloxone at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg was significantly more potent in suppressing food intake in MSG-treated mice when compared to controls. Water intake, however was suppressed to a greater extent in control mice than MSG treated mice following administration of either naloxone or fenfluramine. These results implicate endogenous opiate systems in the obesity and alterations in food intake regulation exhibited by MSG-treated mice. PMID- 6664411 TI - Neonatal lead exposure in rats: II. Effects on the hippocampal afterdischarge. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to lead from parturition to weaning via the dams' milk. Dams were provided with drinking water containing 1.0 (LL), 2.5 (ML), or 5.0 (HL) mg/ml lead acetate or 1.25 (C) mg/ml sodium acetate. Beginning at 15 weeks of age, characteristics of the electrically elicited hippocampal afterdischarge (AD) and its alteration by phenytoin (PHT) were assessed in these rats. A separate group of rats was sacrificed at 20 weeks for hippocampal metal analysis. Increases in primary AD duration were observed in LL and ML, significant in ML. Significantly fewer wet dog shakes occurred in all lead groups. HL animals displayed shorter rebound ADs. All groups responded to PHT with increases in primary AD duration, but the increases in the ML and HL groups were significantly greater than in the C group. Hippocampal lead, zinc, and copper were not different from control. It is concluded that a brief lead exposure can have persistent effects on hippocampal function and that these effects are not due to altered hippocampal metal concentrations. The findings are discussed in relation to the known effects of postnatal lead exposure on hippocampal neuronal development. PMID- 6664412 TI - Pre- and postnatal development of rats following concomitant intrauterine exposure to propoxyphene and chlordiazepoxide. AB - The pre- and postnatal effects of the combined oral administration of propoxyphene (PPX, 100 mg/kg/day) and chlordiazepoxide (CDX, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day) were evaluated in Wistar rats in separate experiments by dosing on days 6 through 21 of pregnancy. The controls were given either an aqueous gum tragacanth solution or PPX alone. Maternal toxicity, as evident from death or reduction in body weight, was observed in dams given PPX + 100 mg/kg/day CDX, although previous studies with CDX alone showed no maternal toxicity [5]. PPX alone was well tolerated by the mothers and produced neither any detrimental effects on litter size, litter or pup weights, nor any visceral or skeletal anomalies. Treatment with the two largest doses of CDX + PPX was associated with a high incidence of resorptions, a significant reduction in fetal weight, increased incidence of runts, retarded ossification of skull bones, and a variety of sternal defects. In the postnatal study, PPX alone did not affect pup survival or growth, whereas the combined dosing of PPX and CDX resulted in delayed delivery, increase in stillbirths, reduction in birth weight and a high neonatal mortality compared to pups in the control groups. Pentobarbital sleeping time remained unaltered in 11 to 12-week old offspring of dams given PPX alone. However, in 11 to 12-week old progeny exposed in utero to 25 mg/kg CDX + PPX, the pentobarbital sleeping time was significantly prolonged in males but shortened in females, suggesting that prenatal exposure to PPX + CDX caused a sex-related reversal to pentobarbital hypnosis in mature rats. PMID- 6664413 TI - Lead induced alterations in maternal behavior and offspring development in the rat. AB - The study was designed to determine whether lead ingestion by nursing rats would affect dam-pup interaction. Dams were exposed to diets with 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 or 1.0 percent by weight metallic lead. Mean blood-lead levels of pups at weaning were 3, 19, 40 and 57 micrograms/100 ml of blood respectively. Maternal behavior was assessed by videotaping behavior for complete 24 hour periods on alternate days from birth to weaning. Analysis of data revealed that lead affected dams nursed for longer periods than normal and offspring were slower to explore their environment. It was concluded that altered maternal behavior was related to delays in pup development and the functional isolation of experimental pups from their environment may be the antecedent to altered behavior later in maturity. PMID- 6664414 TI - Behavioral consequences of prenatal diazepam exposure in rats. AB - Diazepam was administered to gravid rat dams on days 13 through 20 of gestation, at either 1 or 5 mg/kg/day. Pups were observed on several behavioral paradigms throughout the preweaning period. The high dose resulted in a failure to maintain weight gain at the same rate as controls. Additionally, this dose produced a deficit in the ability of 8-day-old pups to autonomically thermoregulate. Female littermates of these pups displayed altered habituation behavior on a holeboard apparatus when tested on postnatal day 12 (PN 12). The low dose attenuated the normal drop in body temperature produced by removal of the pup from its home cage on PN8. This dose also slightly decreased responding on a photocell activity task on PN15. Neither dose was found to affect muscle strength, as measured by hang time. The results suggest that the postnatal effects of prenatal diazepam exposure are dose-specific, in that low dose treatment leads to a different type of behavioral consequence than does exposure to higher doses. PMID- 6664415 TI - Pattern reversal and flash evoked potentials following acute triethyltin exposure. AB - Until recently, pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (PREPs) had not been used to examine effects of neurotoxic agents, despite their clinical utility. Acute exposure to triethyltin (TET), which produces cerebral edema and myelin splitting, increased flash evoked potential (FEP) latencies in previous reports [17,18]. We recorded PREPs and FEPs in adult Long-Evans hooded rats before, and 24 hr after, exposure to 0, 4.5 or 6.0 mg/kg IP of TET bromide. Significant increases in latency and changes in amplitude of PREP peaks were found in the 6 mg/kg rats. FEP peak latency increases did not meet the criterion for statistical significance. Thus, under the conditions recorded, PREPs were better than FEPs as a measure of TET-induced neurotoxicity. PMID- 6664416 TI - Influence of early testing on postweaning performance in untreated F344 rats, with comparisons to Sprague-Dawley rats, using a standardized battery of tests for behavioral teratogenesis. AB - The effects of early postnatal reflex testing on postweaning behavioral performance were evaluated in F344 rats by comparing the postweaning performance of two groups: one having received the preweaning series of tests from the Cincinnati Psychoteratogenicity Screening Test Battery and the other untested prior to weaning. The results of postweaning testing showed that vaginal patency, figure-8 rearing activity and Biel water maze performance were unaffected by early testing experience. Figure-8 ambulation showed a modest, but significant, increase in activity in those litters that were tested prior to weaning. The results suggested that extensive preweaning testing and handling do not pose a substantial risk for interfering with postweaning performance on tests designed to detect behavioral teratogenesis. The data generated with the F344 inbred strain were also compared to data derived from experiments in which the testing was identical, but in which an outbred stock of Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The data did not indicate that the F344 inbred strain offers advantages in terms of reducing group variability and, therefore, do not appear to represent a significant asset in behavioral teratogenicity testing. PMID- 6664417 TI - [Sodium acetate in hemodialysis: an out-dated necessity?]. PMID- 6664418 TI - [Bicarbonate-containing dialysate: a critical study]. AB - Renewed interest in bicarbonate as the dialysate base replacement during hemodialysis has introduced new settings on acetate-dialysate delivery systems commercially available. Numerous technical problems are associated with unstable bicarbonate solutions. Therefore, several precautions must be observed: 1) Bicarbonate dialysis requires two concentrates: one containing the base replacement bicarbonate and the other containing basically calcium and magnesium chlorides, 2) A two-stream proportioning system afforded by an appropriate dialysate delivery machine should be used to mix the bicarbonate and acid concentrates, in order to ensure on-line production of the final dialysate, 3) Additional monitors, such as pH monitor, are required to prevent misuse of concentrates. These new ancillary equipments and the relatively high cost of bicarbonate concentrates could slow down the extension of bicarbonate dialysis which is potentially beneficial for all dialysis patients. PMID- 6664419 TI - [Technical aspects of the Cobe Centry 2 RX bicarbonate dialysis generator. A dialysis system as requested]. PMID- 6664420 TI - [Practical technical problems with bicarbonate dialysis]. PMID- 6664421 TI - [Bicarbonate hemodialysis. Pharmaceutical aspects]. AB - Specific problems during fabrication of concentrated hemodialysis solutions containing bicarbonate arise because of the low solubility of sodium bicarbonate in water and the risk or precipitation of calcium, magnesium carbonates. These problems have been solved by the Pharmacie centrale by making 2 different concentrated solutions, the first one brinding the major essential elements, at the exclusion of bicarbonate, the second less concentrated, with bicarbonate and potassium gluconate, the latter complexing iron and so preventing precipitates of ferric carbonate. The various pharmaceutical steps are described in this paper: formulation, choice of raw materials and manufacturing processes, quality control. PMID- 6664422 TI - [Physiologic and physiopathologic aspects of acid-base equilibrium in uremia]. PMID- 6664423 TI - [Potassium removal: a factor limiting the correction of acidosis during dialysis]. AB - The diffusional fluxes of urea, potassium and bicarbonate across the dialytic membrane (external balance), and across the cellular membrane (internal balance), were determined in 7 patients in haemodialysis using potassium free dialysate and dialysate containing 2.0 mEq/1 of potassium. The results obtained show an inverse correlation between extraction of potassium and intake of bicarbonate in both external and internal balance. This is probably due to the increase in membrane electrical potential resulting from a fall in blood potassium and emphasizes the importance of electrical driving forces in diffusional fluxes across cellular membranes. PMID- 6664424 TI - [Respiratory response and acid-base equilibrium in acetate dialysis and bicarbonate dialysis]. AB - In order to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the hypoxemia observed during acetate dialysis, but not found during bicarbonate dialysis, the authors studied ventilation, blood gases and their exchanges in the lungs and across the dialyzer on 9 patients. Oxygen consumption was similar both in acetate and bicarbonate dialysis. At the beginning of acetate dialysis, hypocapnia, due to CO2 losses through the dialyzer, causes hypoventilation and hypoxemia; afterwards, the worsening of acidosis (due to bicarbonate losses) stimulates ventilation, thus correcting the initial imbalance. Authors also hypothesize a pulmonary mechanism for CO2 "sparing" contributing to compensate CO2 losses through the dialyzer. The absence of hypoxemia during bicarbonate dialysis would be due to the absence of CO2 losses through the dialyzer. PMID- 6664425 TI - [Hypoxemia in hemodialysis: hemodynamic mechanism? Hemodynamic and spirometric study using acetate and bicarbonate buffers]. AB - The background of this study is the occurrence during acetate hemodialysis (HDA) of arterial hypoxemia associated with well described vasodilatator hemodynamic changes. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between these 2 phenomena. Eleven patients (7 males, 4 females, mean age 54 years) were compared in a protocol of HDA and bicarbonate hemodialysis (HDB) as regards their cardiac output measured by the dye dilution method, blood gases and respiratory gas measurements made at the bedside. The results show significant hypoxemia with hypocapnia as soon as the 30th minute of HDA and no significant variation of cardiac index. No significant variation of respiratory response was noted. Arterial prostaglandin levels rose significantly higher during HDA (+ 302%) than HDB (+ 163%; 2 alpha less than 0,05). The absence of a correlation between arterial hypoxemia and hemodynamic changes in HDA compared to HDB suggests that the phenomena are not interdependent. The importance of increased thromboxane activation in HDA will require further investigation. PMID- 6664426 TI - [Blood gas and acid-base changes and rhythmologic tolerance of acetate and bicarbonate hemodialysis using a standard dialyser with high sodium and control of ultrafiltration]. AB - In order to demonstrate a possible superiority of bicarbonate dialysis (HDB) over acetate dialysis (HDA) in conditions of standard dialysis (4 hours on a 1 m2 cuprophan dialyser) but with a bath rich in sodium (143 mEq/l) and control of ultrafiltration, we have compared 2 sequences of 3 runs of HDA and HDB with these conditions in 8 patients as regards their acido-basic and cardiologic parameters (continuous monitoring of ECG by Holter, regular measurement of blood pressure). Acid base balance study in AHD led to the distinction of 2 groups according to wether their plasma bicarbonate increased or decreased during the run. Rythmological tolerance was the same in BHD and AHD, wether all patients or both groups were considered. Heart rate was however slightly but significantly higher during AHD than during BHD, in the patients whose plasma bicarbonate decreased. In conclusion, the benefit of HDB is not remarkable when HDA is performed not only in standard conditions but also with a bath rich in sodium and with control of ultrafiltration. PMID- 6664428 TI - [Clinical tolerance of hemodialysis sessions in children. Comparison of bicarbonate and acetate baths]. AB - Hemodialysis tolerance was studied in 3 children during periods of respectively 6, 7 and 9 months comparing bicarbonate (B) versus acetate (A) with equivalent number of sessions. Parameters used for tolerance in these three cases were: hypotensive bouts, solutes perfused during sessions, mean alimentary intake, vomiting, headache, abdominal pain and benzodiazepine prescriptions, taking account of ultrafiltration and dry weight variations during this periods. Results with bicarbonate are following: Obs. n degrees 1 (11 year old female, cystinosis, A: 38 sessions, B: 44 sessions): significant improvement of hypotension episodes and reduction of solutes perfused (p less than 0,05), of vomiting (p less than 0,001), and increase of mean alimentary intake (p less than 0,001). Obs. n degrees 2 (11 year old male, glomerular nephropathy, A: 25 sessions, B: 27 sessions): non significant improvement of hypotension episodes, but improvement for mean alimentary intake (p less than 0,01). Obs. n degrees 3 (4 year old male, uropathy with renal hypoplasia): no significant improvement, but for this child A hemodialysis tolerance was better than for both others. B hemodialysis seems a good alternative for children with A intolerance. PMID- 6664427 TI - [A hemodialysis bath with bicarbonate improves comfort and ultrafiltration]. AB - To verify if bicarbonate dialysis actually improves the dialytic tolerance of acetate intolerant patients, we have measured the incidence of dialysis with side effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, post-dialytic fatigue at 180 days interval in 2 groups of patients. The first with a good tolerance to acetate, the other with a bad tolerance acetate but put meanwhile for 90 days on a bicarbonate dialysis. While the incidence of side effects did not change in the first group, it decreased by 75% in the second, in spite of a greater weight loss. Thus bicarbonate improves the dialytic tolerance in patients intolerant to acetate as well as ultrafiltration. PMID- 6664429 TI - [Preventive hemodialysis using a bath rich in bicarbonates in a pregnant woman with chronic kidney failure]. AB - Patients with chronic renal failure requiring maintenance hemodialysis at the end of pregnancy are not as uncommon as pregnant women previously treated by this therapy. Prophylactic bicarbonate hemodialysis may allow the continuation of pregnancy until delivery of living baby. We report a 22 year old woman with chronic renal failure due to pyelonephritis secondary to bilateral reflux. Hypertension, metabolic acidosis and hydramnios happened at the 13th week (creatinine clearance 16 ml/min). Thirteen bicarbonate hemodialysis periods were necessary up to the 34th week when delivery by cesarean section was achieved giving birth to a 1500 g hypotrophic boy. PMID- 6664430 TI - [Arterial pressure, heart rate and systolic time intervals in patients on long term hemodialysis dialyzed with a bath containing acetate or bicarbonate]. AB - Blood pressure (BP), body weight, heart rate and systolic time intervals (STI) were measured every 6 months during 18 months in a group of 25 patients hemodialyzed with bicarbonate (B), as compared with 25 patients dialyzed with acetate (A). Dialysate Na remained at 140mmol/l. During the dialysis session, the decrease in BP were similar in the 2 groups but tachycardia was observed exclusively with A. The ratio between pre-ejection period (PEP) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) increased during dialysis similarly in both groups. However predialytic PEP/LVET increased in the A group and decreased in the B group, becoming significantly lower in the Bi group at 18 months. With Bi, the loss of weight was significantly greater during the Hd session for the same decrease in blood pressure. CONCLUSION: 1) During dialysis, the increase of PEP and PEP/LVET seems to be directly connected with the weight loss, and is the same in both groups. 2) The long term decrease of predialysis PEP and PEP/LVET seen with the B group can be explain by a greater degree of water inflation and by an improvement of myocardial contractility. PMID- 6664431 TI - [Comparison of left ventricular function in children hemodialyzed with bicarbonate and acetate. An echocardiographic study]. AB - Left ventricular function before and after hemodialysis with acetate (A) and hemodialysis with bicarbonate (B) was investigated in 8 children on regular dialysis treatment. The decrease in left ventricular volume overload is similar in A and B. There is a significant increase in shortening fraction (B: 9,7 +/- 16,1%; p less than 0,05. A: 7,8 +/- 10,9%; p less than 0,05), in velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf) (B: 30,6 +/- 16,5%; p less than 0,0005. A: 23,5 +/- 16,6%; p less than 0,0025) and in corrected Vcf (B: 19,3 +/- 16,4%; p less than 0,0025. A: 13,6 +/- 11,4%; p less than 0,005). The ratio of pre ejection period with the left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) is increased significatively only after hemodialysis with bicarbonate. This difference may be due to a better left ventricular function in hemodialysis with bicarbonate than with acetate. PMID- 6664433 TI - [Hemodynamic and metabolic aspects of bicarbonate dialysis]. AB - After a historical review of the dialytic technics for correction of acidosis, the advantages of bicarbonate dialysis are stressed specially as regards the greater hemodynamic stability that it secures when short but highly efficient dialysis are performed and as regards its lowering effect on the blood triglycerides levels. PMID- 6664432 TI - [Electro-encephalographic study of the disequilibrium syndrome during bicarbonate dialysis and acetate dialysis]. AB - Continuous long-time electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring was performed during AHD and BHD in 20 patients. Persisting normal basic activity of the EEG without neurological symptoms could be found only during the course of BHD. However, in AHD, during the decrease of arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) we registered EEG disturbances with moderate to severe slowing down, dysrythmic activity and high voltage discharges. The decrease in PaCO2 and the deterioration in EEG activity in the patients during AHD was concomitant with severe neurological alterations, e.g. the typical symptoms of so-called "disequilibrium" causing a cessation of dialysis in 3 patients. PMID- 6664434 TI - [Comparative effects of hemodialysis using acetate and bicarbonate baths on lipid metabolism]. AB - Cholesterol (C) and triglycerides (T) levels are compared in 54 patients dialysed with acetate during more than 24 months and afterwards dialysed with bicarbonate during more than 18 months. No significant difference appears, either for C or for T. But the number of patients with T levels below 1,5 mmol/l goes up from 19 during acetate dialysis to 31 during bicarbonate dialysis. This does not appear for cholesterol. PMID- 6664435 TI - [Blood phosphate and calcium metabolism in bicarbonate dialysis of chronic stable hemodialysis patients]. AB - Leucocyte count, blood pH and gases, plasma concentrations of total and ionised calcium, of phosphate and PTH were studied in 11 stable patients on chronic haemodialysis alternatively, the sequence being randomised, during acetate (AHD) and bicarbonate (BHD). Initial leucopenia and its subsequent correction were comparable with both dialysis types whereas pO2 and pCO2 transitory decreased only in AHD so that the mechanism of hypoxemia with AHD does not seem to be related to the pulmonary leucostatis but rather to the reflex hypoventilation secondary to the decrease of pCO2 into the acetate dialysis. As regards the bone metabolism, no difference was observed between HDA and HDB considering the increase of total and ionised calcium, the decrease of plasma phosphate and the absence of decrease of PTH, the initial levels of which being however only slightly elevated. However blood pH was significantly (but slightly) higher before the subsequent dialysis in the case of BHD. This more sustained correction of acidosis would be the only theoretical advantage of BHD for the prevention of bone demineralisation. PMID- 6664436 TI - [Bicarbonate dialysis: comparative study of its long-term effects]. AB - Changes in blood bicarbonate, phosphate and lipid were followed up on 9 patients as they are dialyzed with an acetate containing dialysate (AC) during 2 years and with a bicarbonate containing dialysate (BC) during 2 more years. The mean (+/- SD) predialysis concentration of blood bicarbonate was 23.11 +/- 1.09 mmol/L on AC period and 26.72 +/- 1.26 mmol/L on BC period. The new bicarbonate concentration steady state was reached with a delay of about 3 months. The mean (+/- SD) predialysis phosphate concentration was lower during BC period (1.73 +/- 0.17 vs 1.95 +/- 1.26 mmol/L). Although the changes were not significant, less aluminium hydroxide (4.8 +/- 0.8 vs 6.0 +/- 1.3 g per day) was necessary to control blood phosphate during BC period. The most striking changes in this long term study was the tolerance of the patients on bicarbonate dialysis, where hypotension episodes and muscles cramps were reduced by 50% and headache, nausea and vomiting disappeared almost completely. Conversely, no significant changes in lipid status with changing dialysate could be found. The results of this long term study provide strong support for promoting bicarbonate containing dialysate for all hemodialyzed patients. PMID- 6664437 TI - [Unusual therapeutic problems posed by acute kidney failure. Importance of bicarbonate dialysis]. AB - The severity of acute renal failure is linked to the associated multiple visceral failures. These failures represent therapeutical challenges that the authors discuss on the basis of their experience of the last 10 years 7 of which being based on the use of bicarbonate dialysis. PMID- 6664438 TI - [Improvement of dialysis tolerance in patients with severe infections using a bicarbonate dialysate]. AB - Severe septic patients, with high cardiac output (CO) and low systemic arterial resistances (SAR), often develop an uncontrolled fall in blood pressure (BP) during acetate hemodialysis (AcHD), because they are especially unable to increase appropriately their SAR with fluid removal. To investigate the possibility that Ac transfer plays a part in this fall in BP, we studied and compared hemodynamic and biochemistry status of such 10 patients with acute renal failure by alternately using Ac and bicarbonate (Bi) dialysate. CO and mean systemic arterial pressure decrease more during AcHD than during BiHD, whereas the changes in pulmonary wedge pressure were similar; heart rate and SAR remained unchanged. Thus the better hemodynamic tolerance during BiHD seems to be due to a change in myocardial contractility that may be related to differences in acid base status and plasmatic potassium concentrations. PMID- 6664439 TI - [Acute kidney failure in a resuscitation milieu: improvement of dialysis tolerance using bicarbonates in the dialysate]. AB - Patients hospitalized in critical care unit for acute renal failure (ARF) in a multiorgan failure syndrome have often a poor intra-dialysis tolerance. Change from Ac to Bi for dialysate buffering has been advocated to improve this dialytic tolerance. In a retrospective study, 70 patients who received Bi hemodialysis are compared with 106 patients who received Ac hemodialysis. If the mortality is not different between these two groups, intra-dialysis tolerance is significantly better (p less than 0.001) in the Bi group according to the mean intra-dialysis systolic blood pressure decrease, the collapse occurrence and the mean vascular volume infusion. Ultrafiltration rate is higher and reach more often the desired values. On a biochemical point of view, hemodialysis efficacy is the same in the two groups according to urea and creatinin clearance, but end dialysis Bi plasma concentrations are higher and nearer of the normal range in the Bi group even though predialysis Bi plasma concentrations were similar. The only side effect observed with Bi dialysis was a hypoglycemic episode without clinical consequence, due to the lack of glucose in the bicarbonate dialysate. Nevertheless, in patients under controlled ventilation, a end dialysis alkalosis can occur if a hyperventilation is imposed. Change from Ac to Bi in dialysate buffering improves the intra-dialysis tolerance of patients with ARF in a multiorgan failure syndrome. This kind of hemodialysis is now used routinely in our critical care unit. PMID- 6664440 TI - [Surgical treatment of aneurysm of the great vein of Galen]. PMID- 6664441 TI - [Experimental studies on tumor implanted into cerebrospinal fluid: with special reference to tumor growth]. AB - The incidence of metastasis to another organs of the intracranial tumors is rare, while the intracranial dissemination of brain tumor is often experienced clinically. For this purpose of the formation and growth of the intracranial tumor dissemination, VX2 carcinomas implanted into cisterna magna of 24 New Zealand rabbits are studied by neuroradiological and pathological methods. Twenty one out of 24 (87%) had tumors intracranially. Nineteen cases out of 24 rabbits developed intraventricular tumors selectively. Two cases without the development of tumors showed moderate dilated lateral ventricles. Thiry-seven percent of implanted tumor cases were demonstrated by 3 times magnification cerebral angiography. While CT presented 67 percent of tumors indicating about two times higher detection than magnification cerebral angiography. From the result of these experiment, the detection of tumors by CT was two times higher than the magnification angiography. PMID- 6664442 TI - [Experimental studies of brain edema by infusion edema model-- biophysical changes of edema fluid in white matter of the brain]. AB - The important changes in the area of brain edema are the accumulation and the spreading of edema fluid through the extracellular space in white matter of the brain. In this study, we described the changes of tissue resistance and compliance as the increment of accumulated volume of fluid produced by the slow infusion of normal saline or plasma into white matter of the cat brain. Adult cats (22) were tracheotomized, paralyzed with Galamine (2 mg/kg) and maintained normocapnic, normotensive under nitrous oxide anesthesia. Normal saline or plasma of their own was infused slowly through 25 gauge needle implanted into left frontal white matter by stereotaxic technique. A low compliance pressure gauge transducer was connected to the line for the measurement of inflow pressure. Tissue resistance and compliance for the movement of infused fluid into white matter were delivered from the changes of inflow pressure by adding the 3 microlitter per minutes on top of the resting steady state pressure. Values of tissue resistance in normal white matter, determined at the accumulated volume of 0.05 ml was very high (normal saline infusion: 6.42 +/- 0.61 X 10(3) mmHg/ml/min, plasma infusion: 5.47 +/- 1.43 X 10(3) mmHg/ml/min). But it decreased rapidly followed by more gradual decrease of tissue resistance became more edematous, reaching a plateau of one sixth of initial value at an infused volume of 0.5 ml. Tissue compliance changed by an opposite pattern of rapid increase and plateau to the changes of tissue resistance. PMID- 6664443 TI - [Primary culture of human functioning pituitary adenoma in monolayer and collagen gel culture]. AB - Human functioning pituitary adenomas (3 acromegalies, 3 prolactinomas) obtained at transsphenoidal hypophysectomy were dispersively embedded inside collagen gels and subjected to the conventional monolayer culture in Eagle's MEM medium containing fetal bovine serum. Basal secretion of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) in the media of monolayer and collagen gel cultures were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for 5 weeks. GH secretion in the culture media was initially high in all cases with acromegaly in both monolayer and collagen gel cultures. GH secretion in monolayer culture declined rapidly almost as a straight line on a semilogarithmic scale until 5 weeks, when GH level decreased around 10 ng/ml. GH secretion in collagen gel culture was preserved more than in monolayer culture, but declined slowly up to about 500 ng/ml within 5 weeks. PRL secretion in monolayer culture initially declined rapidly until 1 week, but after then remained constant or decreased slowly. In the other hand, PRL secretion in collagen gel culture remained almost constant for up to 5 weeks. It is concluded that this new culture method may provide suitable conditions for maintenance of the adenomas cells in vitro. PMID- 6664444 TI - [The significance of dural sinus pressure in neurological surgery-- correlation with surgical position]. AB - A study was made of the significance of confluens sinus pressure in various surgical positions and of various factors influencing confluens sinus pressure. The following findings were obtained: Confluens sinus pressure in various positions was follows: Reverse jackknife position (supine position with upper and lower halves of the body elevated ca 20 degrees) 1.3 +/- 0.8 (Mean +/- SD) cmH2O Sea lion position (prone position with upper and lower halves of the body elevated ca 10 degrees with neck hyperextended) 2.7 +/- 0.6 cmH2O Prone position 5.8 +/- 0.9 cmH2O Supine position 5.9 +/- 1.7 cmH2O Right lateral position 6.9 +/ 0.7 cmH2O Left lateral position 9.6 +/- 1.2 cmH2O Since confluens sinus pressure is strongly affected by gravity, the determination point, the height of the right atrium, and the central venous pressure were referred to when measuring the surgical position. When the upper half of the body was raised (at angle ranging from--10 degrees to +90 degrees) confluens sinus pressure became zero in adults when the angle was +25 degrees or thereabouts. When the angle was +90 degrees, a marked negative pressure of -12.7 +/- 3.0 cmH2O, was observed, suggesting the danger of air embolism. In 4 children under 6 years of ago, however, negative pressure was not observed even at an angle of +90 degrees, although some changes due to different angles were noted. This suggests some specificity of dural sinus pressure. Intrathoracic negative pressure at inspiration, the contraction of skeletal muscles, and profuse hemorrhage, and sympathetic nervous strain were surmised as other factors influencing dural sinus pressure. PMID- 6664446 TI - [Aneurysm of peripheral cerebral arteries with developmental anomaly of the anterior cerebral artery]. AB - We report a 71-year-old woman who was initially admitted because of a ruptured internal carotid aneurysm, and found to have an aneurysm of the terminal portion (A5 portion) of pericallosal artery. Both of the aneurysms were surgically treated at one stage operation. A saccular aneurysm of the pericallosal artery was verified at operation. Right internal carotid angiography disclosed that medial part of the right anterior cerebral hemisphere was supplied by the right callosomarginal artery, and that unpaired pericallosal artery made a trifurcation at A5 portion, where the saccular aneurysm arose. According to Baptista's classification, anomaly of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in this patient was bihemispheric ACA type. Distal ACA aneurysms almost always locate at or near the genu of corpus callosum, either in pericallosal-callosomarginal or in pericallosal-frontopolar junction. In reviewing the literature, we were able to find 14 cases, including ours, of aneurysms located beyond either pericallosal callosomarginal junction or the genu of corpus callosum. Also the possible role of hemodynamic stress caused by vascular anomaly for aneurysm formation are discussed. PMID- 6664445 TI - [Case of teratoma with intraventricular free fat]. AB - Intracranial fat-containing congenital tumors are characterized by negative absorption values on computed tomography (CT). We are reporting a case of teratoma with intraventricular free fat diagnosed preoperatively by CT. The case is a 19-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital because of continuous severe headache, nausea and vomiting. At the time of admission, her physical and neurological examination was negative except for bilateral papilledema. CT demonstrated marked enlargement of the right lateral ventricle. In addition, there was negative absorption value (-90 H.U.), suggesting free fat, within right frontal horn layering above the CSF with a fluid level. metrizamide ventriculography demonstrated complete obstruction and revealed an irregular shadow defect at the right foramen of Monro. At surgery, yellowish cheese-like material, white hair was found on the surface of the CSF. Tumor arose from the floor of the right foramen of Monro and extended upward. The patient made an uneventful recovery and was discharged 17 days after surgery. Intraventricular free fat is likely that to be released from the teratoma cyst ruptured spontaneously when the patient complained of severe headache 40 days prior to admission. There have been several published reports of the CT appearances of intracranial fat-containing tumors, however, teratoma with intraventricular free fat is very rare. It was concluded that fat-containing tumors should be highly suspected, when negative absorption values were found on CT. PMID- 6664447 TI - [Four cases of cerebral venous angioma--with special reference to its surgical indication and CT diagnosis]. AB - Four cases of venous angioma, one cerebral and three in the cerebellum, are reported. Case 1. A 50-year-old woman who had a sudden attack of headache and disorientation was admitted to the Mitsui Memorial Hospital. Neurological examination revealed slight disorientation, mild motor aphasis and right hemiparesis. Plain CT scan on admission showed a left frontal hematoma. Left cerebral angiomas demonstrated a caput-Medusae-like lesion which consisted of numerous small veins and drained into one single enlarged vein. Enhanced CT scan taken 12 days after the attack demonstrated a linear enhancement next ot the hematoma. Left frontal craniotomy was performed, and the hematoma was evacuated. In the next step, coagulation and resection of the major part of the angioma was attempted. However, this caused significant swelling of the adjacent brain and the angioma had to be resected totally including intervening normal cerebral tissue. Postoperatively, the patient became worse with significant hemiparesis and severe motor aphasia. After intensive rehabilitation treatment, she recovered gradually and was discharged on foot with moderate speech disturbances. Histological examination revealed a typical venous angioma with hyalinization of vessel wall. Case 2. A 55-year-old woman with a 9 year history of vertigo and headache was admitted to our hospital because of sudden onset of numbness in her right lower limb. Enhanced CT scan revealed a small nodular high density lesion and an old hematoma in the right cerebellar hemisphere. Vertebral angiograms demonstrated a single abnormal vein with some small veins in the right cerebellum. Right suboccipital craniectomy was performed and the blood clot was removed. The abnormal veins were electro-coagulated. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged with no neurological deficit. Case 3. A 31-year-old man was admitted to our department with 9 month history of nausea and vertigo attack. Enhanced CT scan demonstrated a large nodular high density lesion in the left cerebellar hemisphere. Vertebral angiograms showed a typical caput Medusae-like venous angioma. The patient had no evidence of hemorrhage and was discharged without surgery. Case 4. A 36-year-old man who had two attacks of nausea and headache was admitted to the Mitsui Memorial Hospital. Enhanced CT scan showed a linear high density lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere. Vertebral angiograms disclosed a typical venous angioma in the right cerebellum. This patient also had no attack of bleeding and was discharged without operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6664448 TI - [Chronic subdural hematoma associated with arachnoid cyst--study of the mechanism of its development]. AB - A significant number of cases of chronic subdural hematoma associated with middle fossa arachnoid cyst has been reported in literature, but sufficiently tenable explanation for co-occurrence of both lesions has not yet proposed. In this study, authors try to elucidate mechanisms involved in development of chronic subdural hematoma and arachnoid cyst in the same patient. Eighteen cases with arachnoid cyst in the middle fossa were diagnosed by CT scan during last 5 years in our institute. Among these, five patients had chronic subdural hematoma additionally to their middle fossa arachnoid cyst. Analysis of clinical, roentgenological data and operative findings in our five cases and reviewing of cases reported so far in the literature makes clear the following characteristics in this pathological condition. 1) Patients of chronic subdural hematoma associated with arachnoid cyst were obviously younger than patients with usual chronic subdural hematoma. 2) Chronic subdural hematoma developed in the same side to the associated arachnoid cyst. 3) Characteristic changes in the skull on x-ray films indicated the long lasting existence of middle fossa arachnoid cyst. On the other hand, history of cases suggested that chronic subdural hematomas had developed within recent 1-3 months. 4) Intracranial pressure tended to remain normal or slightly elevate. 5) Abnormal, small veins which run on the surface of the membranous capsule of arachnoid cyst and bridge the Sylvian fissure were not infrequently found at operation. These veins were not able to visualized on routine angiography. On the basis of these clinical and pathological characteristics, authors infer a mechanism for development of subdural hematoma associated with arachnoid cyst. The presence of middle fossa arachnoid cyst must increase a compressibility of the intracranial content, especially of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere and it predisposes for development of chronic subdural hematoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6664449 TI - [Surgery of the pituitary gland--transsphenoidal microsurgery]. PMID- 6664450 TI - [Fontanelle pressure in infantile hydrocephalus--with special reference to 6 cases of hydrocephalus with normal head circumference and without shunting operation]. AB - Follow-up study on ICP was carried out in 6 cases of hydrocephalus within normal head circumference for 8-9 months after birth. There were no cases with shunting operation. Abnormal plateau-like wave was recorded in 2 cases with myelomeningocele during follow-up period. In other cases of postemeningitic hydrocephalus, almost normal baseline pressure without abnormal pressure wave was recorded and all showed favorable morbidity (function). These results showed the importance of follow-up study on ICP for 9 months after birth in cases of hydrocephalus without large head circumference and shunting operation should be recommended in cases showing abnormal pressure wave recorded during follow-up period. PMID- 6664451 TI - [Albumin therapy for patients with increased intracranial pressure: oncotic therapy]. AB - Albumin plays an important role in maintaining an adequate plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP). On the basis of the Starling's law, we postulated that elevation of plasma COP produced by infusion of serum albumin would result in the withdrawal of cerebral interstitial fluid. To test the hypothesis that an oncotic gradient would produce cerebral dehydration and result in reduction of intracranial pressure (ICP), we infused intravenously 25% solution of salt-poor human serum albumin, 2g/kg over 60 minutes for 10 patients with increased ICP. In these 10 patients, the degree of brain edema was not severe but mild to moderate by judging from CT scan findings. In addition to ICP, various parameters such as mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), central venous pressure (CVP), pulse rate, PaCO2 and urine volume were measured before, during and after albumin infusion. Hematological studies including COP, total protein, albumin-globulin ratio, protein fractions, hematocrit (Ht), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and electrolytes were also performed before, during and after administration of albumin. The raised ICP (27.4 +/- S.E. 1.6 mmHg) decreased significantly down to 19.1 (+/- 1.9) mmHg and remained stable for at least 240 minutes without any changes of MABP, pulse rate and PaCO2. CVP elevated significantly and remained at higher levels in comparison with control despite increase of urine output after administration of albumin. This results suggested that an adequate circulatory volume was maintained. A significant increase of total protein, serum albumin concentrations and albumin-globulin ratio was noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6664452 TI - [Study of brain edema by an infusion edema Model--the method and characteristics of the model]. AB - In this report, we have described the way of making the infusion edema model, physiological changes of various parameters during this procedure, distribution of water content in white and gray matter and the light and electron microscopic findings of this edema model, for the further understanding of vasogenic edema of the brain. To make the infusion edema model, 25-G needle was stereotaxically inserted into the left frontal white matter of the cat brain. Through the polyethylene catheter with three way stop cock, this catheter was connected to the pressure transducer and slow infusion pump. By this way, we can monitor the pressure of infusing fluid into the white matter. Normal saline was infused with initial rate of 0.75 microliter/min for the first 2 hours. The inflow rate was increased to 1.5 microliter/min for the next one hour, and then changed to 3.0 microliters/min for maintenance inflow rate. The total amount of infused volume was 0.5 ml in this study. During making the infusion edema model, blood pressure and PaCO2 changed little. Intracranial pressure slightly increased from 5.8 to 15.1 mmHg. Pressure volume index (PVI) changed from 0.74 to 0.64, suggesting the changes of intracranial compliance. The water content measured by specific gravimetric technique showed nearly the same water contents and distribution of edema fluid in the white matter of the cat as in the cryogenic injury model. Pathological findings of this infusion edema model demonstrated that the infused liquid was accumulated in the extracellular space of white matter without damaging the tight junction, and endothelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6664453 TI - [Brain abscess: successful treatment of 4 cases including one with ventricular perforation]. AB - The authors experienced with four cases of brain abscess, one of which ruptured into the lateral ventricle. Two cases were treated conservatively and the remaining two were treated surgically. All cases recovered satisfactorily. Case 1: A 30-year-old man with congenital cyanotic heart disease was admitted on Oct. 4, 1979, because of convulsion. Physical examination revealed motor aphasia, right hemihypesthesia, cyanosis, clubbed finger and continuous heart murmur. CT scan showed a ring-enhance mass lesion in the left temporal lobe. Although transient deterioration of the clinical course was observed, he improved satisfactorily after medical treatment of 20 days. Case 2: A 54-year-old man with left homonymous upper quadrantanopia and systolic heart murmur was admitted on Sept. 17, 1979. alpha-streptococcus was detected in the culture of his arterial blood. Vegetation near the mitral valve was revealed by ultrasonic cardiogram. CT scan showed an irregular and ill-shaped ring-enhanced mass in the left temporoparietal region. A saccular aneurysm in the insular portion of the posterior parietal artery was seen on the left carotid angiogram. He was also treated medically and the abscess was gradually reduced and the aneurysm disappeared. Case 3: A 28-year-old man complaining of headache, nausea and vomiting was admitted on Dec. 1, 1979. Physical examination revealed nuchal stiffness, right homonymous hemianopia and bilateral choked disc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6664454 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma of the meninges]. AB - A 44-year-old farmer complained blurred vision and disturbance of recent memory. During his driving car traffic accident happened due to his right homonymous hemianopsia. On the 1st admission, neurological examination revealed choked disc(1 D.), hemianopsia, memory disturbance, dyscalculia, dyslexia and dysgraphia. The angiograms showed feeding arteries from left middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery. Tumor vessels looked like cork-screw in the arterial phase and homogeneous tumor shadow was depicted in late venous phase. Contrast enhancement CT scan revealed a nodular homogeneous high dense lesion on the occipital region. Hemorrhage during every craniotomy was too much to remove and at last metastasized to left II rib and right VIII rib and right radius. Their histological examination reveals numerous endothelial-lined vascular channels and atypia of tumor cells with mitoses. Silver impregnation demonstrates networks of reticulum fibers surrounding the capillaries and tumor cells. Hemangiopericytoma in meninges forms entity and our case reports the WHO classification. Total removal should have to be done once for all by means of LASER (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). PMID- 6664455 TI - [Acromegaly and spinal canal stenosis]. AB - A rare case of acromegaly with radiculomyelopathy due to spinal canal stenosis is reported. A long history of acromegalic deformity was seen on this 55 years old acupuncture therapist for the last 18 years, while he had developed unusually increased appetite, profuse perspiration and gained weight. Fifteen years ago, acromegalic tendency became prominent and was accompanied by low back and knee pain. In 1974 CB-154 was administered in several occasions beside 4000 rads irradiation to the sella. After radiation therapy was completed his outlook was somewhat improved, although low back pain was aggravated and associated with atrophy of the left lower extremity. The neurological examination at admission in 1980 revealed acromegalic feature, increased DTRs on both upper and lower extremities, dysesthesia of feet and atrophy of the leg muscles in general, mainly due to diffuse atrophy. Patient bended knees due to pain and unable to walk. He had radiating pain in the postero-lateral aspect of the left lower extremity and some dysesthesia of feet, although no specific root lesion was identifiable. Spinal roentgenograms disclosed diffuse ossification of anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, and marked spondylotic changes. Although the low back pain was impending complaint of the patient, the hypophyseal tumor was advised to remove and transsphenoidal hypophyseal adenomectomy was performed. A good amount of softend tumor tissue was removed however, adenoma found markedly fibrotic. Low back pain and knee were decreased gradually, but intermittent claudication was evident. Acromegaly in association with spinal canal stenosis were reviewed in literature, and the relationship of growth hormone and therapeutic problems were discussed. PMID- 6664456 TI - [Formation of postoperative hematoma directly under a silastic dural substitute]. AB - Several cases of spontaneous hematoma formation occurred under the Silastic dural substitute were reported with CT-scan and recraniotomy findings. In overall analysis, an incidence of the spontaneous hematoma formation was 35.1% in cases of artificial dural grafting with Silastic sheeting and none with autogenous temporal fascia. On CT-scan the hematoma showed localized high density area severely convex toward underlying brain. At recraniotomy, the hematoma consisted of massive clot presented locally beneath the dural substitute. As it depressed sharply underlying brain, it tends to having shown heavy clinical symptoms in comparison with a volume of clot. Neomembrane formed under the artificial graft seemed the most probable bleeding source. PMID- 6664457 TI - [Case of polycystic kidney associated with non-ruptured cerebral aneurysm]. AB - Polycystic kidney is a familial disorder known to be complicated often by liver cyst, pancreas cyst and cerebral aneurysm. While numerous reports have been made on the concurrence polycystic kidney and cerebral aneurysm in foreign countries, there are only several autopsy cases documented so far in Japan. This paper describes a surgically treated case of proven non-ruptured aneurysms of bilateral middle cerebral arteries associated with polycystic kidney, and discusses the epidermology of cerebral aneurysm accompanying polycystic kidney in Japan. According to the Annual Report of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan, 1981, 8.4% of the cases of polycystic kidney were associated with cerebral aneurysms. The patients with polycystic kidney should be investigated for cerebral aneurysms. PMID- 6664458 TI - Effects of centrally-administered bombesin and adrenalectomy on behavioral thermoregulation and locomotor activity. AB - Bombesin is an oligopeptide which has been implicated as a possible neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system. Central administration of the peptide produces physiological and behavioral responses which suggest a downward shift in the set point of body temperature. These include hypothermia, decreased metabolic rate and increased behavioral responding to escape from radiant heat. Contradictory data also exist. Therefore, a series of experiments was conducted to evaluate further the effects of the central administration of bombesin on behavioral thermoregulation and general locomotor activity. It was found that microinjections of bombesin into the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus increased the number of behavioral responses to radiant heat. The increased responding for heat-reinforcement and heat-escape suggested an activation of general locomotor activity. This was confirmed by the finding that centrally-administered bombesin increased the number of responses to escape from radiant heat without altering the duration of exposure to heat. Additionally, bombesin had no effect on the number of heat-escape responses following adrenalectomy. It was concluded that bombesin acts within the hypothalamus to increase general locomotor activity via the sympathetic outflow to the adrenals. This behavioral excitation is apparently expressed as an increase in responding to heat, or escape from heat, independent of thermoregulatory mechanisms. Therefore, the behavioral data do not indicate that bombesin decreases the set point of body temperature. PMID- 6664459 TI - Interaction between renin-angiotensin system and cholinergic system in brain. AB - Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of hemicholinium-3 (HC-3; 20 micrograms), which depletes acetylcholine stores in brain, reduced the increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the drinking, but not the decrease in heart rate (HR), induced by intraventricular injection of angiotensin II (ANG II, 50 and 100 ng) in conscious rats. Intraventricular injection of atropine (up to 1 microgram) decreased only the pressor effect, while larger doses (up to 10 micrograms) decreased the bradycardia, too. Mecamylamine (100 micrograms i.c.v.) reduced the pressor response induced by angiotensin, without influencing the decrease in heart rate. A dose of 50 micrograms of mecamylamine had no effect. Neither atropine (10 micrograms i.c.v.) nor mecamylamine (50 micrograms i.c.v.) affected thirst induced by angiotensin. Intravenous (i.v.) atropine, but not atropine methylbromide, strongly reduced the drinking effect. The increase in arterial pressure and the decrease in heart rate induced by intraventricular injection of physostigmine, as well as the drinking behaviour after carbachol (250 ng, i.c.v.) or the increase in arterial pressure following intravenous injection of physostigmine (in methylatropine-pretreated rats), were not influenced by either saralasin (up to 10 micrograms/kg, i.c.v.) or captopril (up to 50 micrograms, i.c.v.). These results suggest that: (1) the increase in mean arterial pressure and drinking behaviour, induced by intraventricular injection of angiotensin II, are partially mediated via acetylcholine in brain, acting through muscarinic receptors; (2) decrease in heart rate induced by angiotensin II is not baroreceptor reflex-mediated; (3) the brain renin-angiotensin system does not participate in the cardiovascular and behavioural effect induced by cholinergic stimulation in the brain. PMID- 6664460 TI - Effects of chronic ingestion of alcohol in the pregnant rat on catecholamine sensitive adenylate cyclase in the brain of mothers and their offspring. AB - To study the effects of maternal alcohol ingestion on brain adenylate cyclase in offspring, rats were given ethanol in the drinking water before, during and after gestation. Fifteen-day-old pups from alcoholic mothers had reduced body and wet brain weight and protein content with normal concentrations of DNA and RNA in brain; pups from mothers deprived of alcohol from the 21st day of gestation had normal growth and brain protein, DNA, RNA and cyclic nucleotide concentrations. Adenylate cyclase activity was less in homogenates from the diencephalon, mesencephalon and cerebellum of alcoholic and alcohol-deprived mothers than in the corresponding homogenates from control mothers. A reduction of the enzyme activity was only observed in homogenates from diencephalon of offspring from alcoholic and alcohol-deprived mothers as compared with controls. Sensitivity of adenylate cyclase to noradrenaline was reduced in the corpora striata and diencephalon from alcoholic mothers, while these changes were absent in alcohol deprived mothers and their offspring. Ingestion of ethanol in pregnant mothers does not seem to affect significantly the adenylate system in the brain of the offspring. PMID- 6664461 TI - Intraneuronal dopaminergic action of cocaine and some of its metabolites and analogs. AB - The present study investigated the actions of cocaine and some of its metabolites and analogs upon the synaptosomal (P2) synthesis and release of dopamine appearing from [14C]phenylalanine. Also examined was the influence of reserpine upon these actions of cocaine. The P2 preparations from the rat caudate nucleus were incubated with the drugs for [14C]phenylalanine and, after filtration, the particulates and medium fractions were analyzed for [14C]dopamine and [14C]phenylalanine. Labelled dopamine in the medium was taken as a measure of its release by any addition of drug. Cocaine, norcocaine and the synthetic cocaine analogs WIN 35428 and WIN 35-065(2) each stimulated both the total (medium plus particulates) formation and the release of dopamine, while benzoylecgonine and ecgonine were without effect. Reserpine inhibited the synthesis and enhanced the release of dopamine. An addition of reserpine blocked the stimulating effect of cocaine, norcocaine, WIN 35428 and WIN 35-065(2) on synthesis and furthermore, these drugs had, in the same experiments, inhibitory effects on the synthesis, additive to the reserpine-induced inhibition. Benzoylecgonine and ecgonine were only weakly inhibitory in the presence of reserpine. Stimulation, rather than additive inhibition, by cocaine was observed in the presence of exogenous dopamine, and amphetamine increased the synthesis in the presence of either reserpine or added dopamine. Pretreatment of rats with reserpine also blocked the stimulation of synthesis by cocaine and WIN 35428. The uptake of labelled substrate was not affected by addition of drug, or by the pretreatment. PMID- 6664462 TI - In vivo release of endogenous dopamine from rat caudate nucleus by phenylethylamine. AB - The in vivo release of endogenous dopamine (DA) from the rat caudate nucleus has been measured in the presence and absence of beta-phenylethylamine. A push-pull cannula was implanted into the brain and the tissue was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing phenylethylamine in concentrations ranging from 5 X 10(-3) to 5 X 10(-7) M. The DA released into the perfusate was determined radioenzymatically. Dopamine was released at rates significantly greater than its resting rate by concentrations of phenylethylamine of 5 X 10(-3) to 5 X 10(-5)M; 5 X 10(-6)M phenylethylamine caused a slight increase in release, but the difference from the resting rate was not significant. The absence of calcium in the perfusing medium did not significantly alter either the unstimulated release rate of DA or the release rate stimulated by 5 X 10(-5)M phenylethylamine. The concentrations of phenylethylamine required to increase release of DA in vivo are discussed briefly in relation to the doses required to elicit behavioural effects. PMID- 6664463 TI - Characteristics of high affinity binding of [3H]N-acetylserotonin in rat brain. AB - Evidence that the putative pineal hormone, N-acetylserotonin (NAS), is present in diverse areas of the brain of the rat and that this compound is biologically active, prompted a study of its central binding characteristics. [3H]N acetylserotonin [( 3H]-NAS) exhibits specific, saturable and high affinity binding in synaptosomal fractions from the brain of the rat. In fresh CNS membranes, [3H]N-acetylserotonin appeared to bind to a single population of high affinity sites with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 3-5 nM and a maximal binding site concentration (Bmax) of 250-400 fmol mg-1 protein. A comparison of the regional distribution of the binding of [3H]N-acetylserotonin and [3H]-5 hydroxytryptamine [( 3H]-5-HT) indicated that both radioligands exhibited the greatest binding in the striatum and frontal cortex, while relatively more [3H]N acetylserotonin was bound in the cerebellum and brainstem. The structural specificity of the binding suggests that [3H]N-acetylserotonin labelled serotonergic receptors in the frontal cortex. PMID- 6664464 TI - Tolerance to the morphine-influenced thermal response in the terrestrial snail, Cepea nemoralis. AB - The terrestrial snail, Cepea nemoralis, displayed stereotyped thermal-avoidance behavior, with morphine increasing and naloxone decreasing the latency of this response. After 5-7 days of daily administration of morphine sulfate (1 microliter of 0.10-10.0 mg/ml) the thermal responses of snails displayed tolerance to morphine. The response latency was reduced to that of saline-treated individuals. Pretreatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, blocked the development of tolerance. After termination of chronic treatment with morphine, tolerant snails exhibited withdrawal signs that included increased responsiveness to naloxone, decreased responsiveness to morphine and saline and behavioral alterations suggesting irritation and hyperactivity. These results suggest that the thermally-induced behavior of Cepea can serve as a useful model for the investigation of the development of opioid tolerance and physical dependence in mammals. PMID- 6664465 TI - Relative potency of analogues of excitatory amino acids on hippocampal CA1 neurons. AB - The relative potency of analogues of excitatory amino acids to produce depolarization when applied in the apical dendritic field of CA1 cells was studied in the hippocampal slice. The effect of these compounds was measured by recording focal potentials (FPs), the shift in the extracellular d.c. potential produced by the compounds applied. The ability of focal potentials to measure neuronal responses was evaluated. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type agonists were 10-20 times more potent, relative to L-glutamate, than reported from investigations in spinal cord. Quisqualate (QA), +/- alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5 methyl-4-isoazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate (KA) exhibited potencies on CA1 cells similar to those reported for spinal neurons. These data indicate that elements in CA1 cells possess a receptor with an affinity for N-methyl-D aspartate-type agonists. Some putative antagonists were found to induce negative focal potentials suggesting a direct, excitatory action in this area. PMID- 6664466 TI - Dopaminergic and neostriatal neurons: dose-dependent changes in sensitivity to amphetamine following long-term treatment. AB - Rats were pretreated with saline, 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg of (+)-amphetamine twice daily for 6 consecutive days. Single unit recording in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) and the neostriatum, on the following day, revealed a differential shift in the intravenous dose of the drug required to produce at least a 50% change in neuronal activity (ED50) depending on the pretreatment dose. In the substantia nigra pars compacta, pretreatment with the small dose significantly reduced the ED50, compared to saline controls, whereas in rats pretreated with the large dose, the ED50 was significantly increased. In the neostriatum, control rats responded to increasing incremental doses of (+)-amphetamine with either an inhibition followed by an excitation, or an excitation. Following pretreatment with 1.0 mg/kg, neurons responded with either a depression or an excitation, whereas only amphetamine-induced excitations were recorded in the neostriatum following pretreatment with 5.0 mg/kg. The complex changes in firing rate produced by repeated exposure to amphetamine were dose-dependent in both sites and cannot be simply explained by a decrease in the sensitivity of dopamine neurons to this drug. PMID- 6664467 TI - Increased dopamine metabolism in the rat neostriatum after toxic doses of d methylamphetamine. AB - Rats were given repeated large doses of d-methylamphetamine (d-MA) which have been shown to destroy a fraction of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) nerve terminals. Two to three weeks later, the synthesis of DA in the remaining neostriatal DA terminals was examined by measuring the rate of accumulation of 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) after inhibition of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase by 3-dihydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD 1015). The release of DA from surviving DA terminals was also examined by measuring the steady-state level of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Both the rate constant of the synthesis of DA and the DOPAC/DA ratio were increased in the neostriatum of rats with large depletions of neostriatal DA. These findings suggest that both synthesis and release of neostriatal DA are enhanced in rats in which d-methylamphetamine destroyed a large number of nigrostriatal DA terminals. PMID- 6664468 TI - The effects of an in vivo administration of phencyclidine on sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake in rat hippocampus and striatum in vitro. AB - The effect of phencyclidine and other drugs on sodium-dependent high-affinity uptake of choline in the rat hippocampus and/or striatum was investigated and related to the behavioral changes induced by these agents. In contrast to atropine (40.0 mg/kg), which increased the uptake of choline in synaptosomes from both the rat hippocampus and striatum, the administration of phencyclidine (54.4 mg/kg), 30 min prior to sacrifice, caused a significant decrease in the uptake of choline in synaptosomes from rat striatum (but not hippocampus). This effect of phencyclidine could be seen up to 1 hr after administration of drug, but by 3.5 hr the uptake of choline was essentially back to normal. The inhibition of striatal uptake of choline occurred at a time when brain levels of phencyclidine and its metabolites were at their highest, and the animals were essentially immobile; it did not appear to correlate with behavioral changes (including stereotypy and catalepsy) seen at later times after this dose of phencyclidine (54.4 mg/kg), or at earlier times after smaller doses. Amphetamine (6.0 mg/kg) also decreased the uptake of choline in the striatum. Haloperidol (2.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) blocked both the phencyclidine and amphetamine-induced inhibition of the uptake of choline but only the behavioral effects of amphetamine. The data suggest that phencyclidine may be exerting an indirect effect on the uptake of choline in the striatum via its interaction with the dopaminergic system. However, this neurochemical effect of phencyclidine could not be related in any simple way to the immobility, stereotypy or catalepsy caused by this drug. PMID- 6664469 TI - Estradiol 17 beta decreases the in vitro phosphorylation of a 49K cytosolic protein from the adult female rat preoptic-hypothalamus. AB - Acute treatment (2 hours) with estradiol resulted in decreased in vitro phosphorylation of a specific 49,000 MW protein in cytosolic extracts of female preoptic-hypothalamus from intact and ovariectomized rats. Estradiol had no effects on the phosphorylation of this or any other cytosolic protein from the estradiol-insensitive female cortex. PMID- 6664470 TI - Picrotoxin inhibits the effect of ethanol on the spontaneous efflux of [3H] dopamine from superfused slices of rat corpus striatum. AB - The presence of ethanol, 100 microM, in the superfusate enhanced the spontaneous release of previously uptaken [3H]-dopamine from slices of rat corpus striatum, but produced a small inhibition of K+-stimulated release. The concomitant presence of picrotoxin, 10 microM, in the superfusate prevented the enhancement of spontaneous release of [3H]-dopamine by ethanol with equivocal effects on K+ stimulated release. When present in the superfusate alone picrotoxin had no effect on [3H]-dopamine release. PMID- 6664472 TI - Structure-activity studies on neurobehavioral effects of bombesin (BB) and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP). AB - In the present study, we evaluated and compared effects of BB, GRP and related C terminal fragments on body temperature and grooming. Peptides were administered into the left cerebral ventricle of rats. Body temperature and grooming behavior were assessed over a 2 hr period following injections. All peptides significantly decreased body temperature and increased grooming behavior of animals. However, important differences in potency, efficacy and duration of action were found between BB, GRP and their fragments. PMID- 6664471 TI - Effect of intracerebroventricular administration of beta-/Tyr9/-melanotropin-/9 18/ on rotational behavior induced by substantia nigra lesion in rats. AB - beta-/Tyr9/melanotropin-/9-18/ administered intracerebroventricularly /icv./ in doses of 1 microgram/rat or 10 micrograms/rat had no influence on the substantia nigra lesion-induced turning activity of rats, however, it was able to potentiate apomorphine-induced contralateral turning. In a dose of 20 micrograms/rat /icv./ the peptide alone induced clear contralateral turning. The results suggest that at lower doses the peptide facilitates apomorphine-induced dopamine receptor stimulation, while in a higher dose the peptide alone can stimulate dopamine receptor activity. PMID- 6664473 TI - [The psychiatrist: administrator and/or clinician. Duality or unicity of technical and administrative functions and roles]. PMID- 6664476 TI - [The psychiatrist: administrator and/or clinician. Is it to your coachman, sir, or rather to your cook that you wish to speak?]. PMID- 6664474 TI - [The psychiatrist administrator and/or clinician. To be administrator and/or clinician]. PMID- 6664475 TI - [The psychiatrist: administrator and/or clinician. Desire and the law]. PMID- 6664477 TI - [Treatment of depression in children and adolescents with a new non-tricyclic molecule: mianserin]. PMID- 6664478 TI - The effect of cueing on unilateral neglect. AB - Heilman and Valenstein recently failed to reduce unilateral neglect, assessed by a line bisection task, by cueing patients to attend to their neglected field. Cueing was accomplished by placing letters at both ends of the line and instructing subjects to identify either the right or left hand letter prior to bisecting the line. The present experiments tested whether this failure to improve neglect occurred because patients were presented with competing stimuli in their neglected and non-neglected fields. Five patients with unilateral neglect and hemianopia took part in two experiments. The results showed a marked decrease in neglect when subjects were cued and forced to report stimuli in their neglected field. This occurred even when there was a competing stimulus in the non-neglected field. However, in the absence of forced report requirements, patients oriented to stimuli in the non-neglected field. The results are interpreted as a failure of patients with unilateral neglect to orient automatically to the side of space contralateral to the lesion, though processes governing the conscious orienting of attention are intact. PMID- 6664479 TI - Variations in "same"-"different" judgments in patients with unilateral cortical lesions. AB - Five subject groups (normal controls, left anterior lesion patients, left posterior lesion patients, right anterior lesion patients, right posterior lesion patients) were tested on two perceptual matching tasks. All groups performed comparably accurately, although right hemisphere lesion patients demonstrated longer RT scores for "same" than for "different" judgments, whereas left hemisphere lesion patients demonstrated the reverse effect. Increased perceptual complexity of "same" target produced higher RT scores for "different" responses in right (but not left) hemisphere lesion groups. Finally, high-prototypicality "same" targets yielded lower RT scores than low-prototypicality "same" targets for all groups. PMID- 6664480 TI - Lateralized interference of repetitive finger tapping: influence of familial handedness, cognitive load and verbal production. AB - The repetitive finger tapping of 24 right-handed subjects from dextral and sinistral families was evaluated. Subjects tapped with and without concurrent verbal tasks which included reciting a nursery rhyme, reading words (silent vs aloud) and solving anagrams (silent vs aloud). Overall, results indicated that the concurrent verbal tasks interfered more with right-hand tapping than with left-hand tapping. This pattern was more pronounced for familial dextral subjects than familial sinistral subjects. This latter finding was most evident with the complex verbal task of solving anagrams. PMID- 6664481 TI - Relationships between speed, accuracy of performance and hemispheric superiorities for visuo-spatial pattern processing in the two sexes. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between visual field differences in tachistoscopic recognition of visuo-spatial patterns and overall proficiency in the two sexes. The results demonstrated a left visual field advantage in males but not in females. A female subgroup showed opposite rather than lacking visual field superiorities without affecting speed and accuracy of performance. These data warn against explaining differences in performance in the two sexes in terms of different hemispheric asymmetries. PMID- 6664482 TI - Feature similarity and laterality effects in visual masking. AB - Observers attempted to recognize single letters presented to the left or right visual field when preceded or followed by a masking stimulus. When the masking stimulus contained features identical to those of the target letter, there was a left visual field (right hemisphere) advantage for target recognition. When the target and mask contained extremely different features, the opposite visual field advantage was obtained. Implications are discussed for models of hemispheric asymmetry and for interpreting visual laterality studies that use masks to reduce the overall level of performance. PMID- 6664483 TI - Mouth asymmetry, dichotic ear advantage and tachistoscopic visual field advantage as measures of language lateralization. AB - Clinical evidence suggests that speech expression, speech comprehension and reading have distinct anatomical representations and that these functions may have differential degrees of lateralization. Experimental measures sensitive to the lateralization of these functions may be, respectively, mouth asymmetry, dichotic listening and visual field advantage. These measures, individually, showed relatively low success in estimating overall "language dominance" and had low intercorrelations. A composite measure was more successful. Language lateralization may not be unitary, and even if it is, a composite of several distinct measures may be necessary to index it. PMID- 6664484 TI - Incidence of left-handed writing in a college population with reference to family patterns of hand preference. AB - Hand preference data were obtained for 1816 university students, 4793 siblings and 3632 parents. Results support the following conclusions. (1) There is currently a 13.8% incidence of left handedness among young adults, representing a dramatic increase over past generations. (2) Left and right-handed respondents do not differ in terms of familial sinistrality. (3) Mother's left-handedness is associated with an increase in the incidence of sinistrality for sons and daughters, while father's left handedness is related only to sons. PMID- 6664486 TI - The lateralization of hemispheric function in the recognition of Chinese characters. AB - Two experiments were conducted to investigate the lateralization of hemispheric functions. In experiment 1 single Chinese characters, English words and random dot forms were used as stimuli presented to the left or right visual field of adults. In experiment 2 adults and school children were asked to recognize single characters presented in one field and Arabic numerals in the opposite field. The results indicated that adults and children all showed left hemisphere superiority in the recognition of characters. Some possible causes were given to explain why Chinese characters, being an ideographic language, showed a similar superiority as phonetic languages. PMID- 6664485 TI - Interacting sex and familial sinistrality characteristics influence both language lateralization and spatial ability in right handers. AB - In 1981 McKeever and Hoff found a pattern of sex-familial sinistrality (FS) visual field interaction on an Object Naming Latency Task. The FS - females and FS + males performed more symmetrically. Also in 1981, Hecaen, DeAgostini, and Monzon-Montes found a substantially lower incidence of aphasia following left hemisphere lesions in FS - females and FS + males. Both findings suggest a less strict left hemisphere dominance in FS - females and FS + males. We report a replication of the McKeever and Hoff findings and also evidence of a pattern of sex-FS interaction in spatial visualization ability wherein FS - females and FS + males perform better than FS + females and FS - males. PMID- 6664487 TI - Spatial lateralization: the relationship among sex, handedness and familial sinistrality. AB - Spatial lateralization was examined in 80 subjects by use of a strictly balanced design contrasting sex, handedness and familial sinistrality (absent and present). A modified version of Witelson's dichaptic stimulation task (verbal and nonverbal) was employed. The verbal task showed a significant main effect for the right-hand score. On the nonverbal task only two groups displayed a significant difference between hand scores: left-handed males with familial sinistrality and right-handed females with no familial sinistrality. Results are discussed in relation to previously reported data. PMID- 6664488 TI - Hemispheric specialization and the perception of emotion: evidence from right handers and from inverted and non-inverted left-handers. AB - Right-handers and inverted and non-inverted left-handers viewed emotional expressions in one hemifield and, simultaneously, a neutral expression of the same poser in the other hemifield. Subjects were required to identify the side containing the affective face. Happy faces with open (i.e. salient) and closed mouth smiles and sad faces were used as stimuli. For right-handers and inverters reaction time was faster to right hemifield presentations for happy faces and to left hemifield presentations for sad faces. Non-inverters showed the reverse pattern. The saliency of the happy expressions had no effect on the magnitude and direction of asymmetry for any group. The data support the hypothesis of differential hemispheric specialization for positive and negative emotion and demonstrate opposite patterns of asymmetry in affect perception for inverted and non-inverted left-handers. PMID- 6664489 TI - "Late" recovery of the right ear dichotic score following cerebrovascular accident: a case report. AB - Late recovery of the right ear score on a digit dichotic listening test was observed in a 45-yr-old female patient. The right ear score was at chance levels of accuracy through the ninth month post-onset of a cerebrovascular accident and then improved dramatically to 67% correct by month 12. Possible bases for this pattern of performance are discussed. PMID- 6664490 TI - The subcortical afferents to caudate nucleus and putamen in primate: a fluorescence retrograde double labeling study. AB - The cellular origin and degree of collateralization of the subcortical afferents to the caudate nucleus and the putamen in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were studied using the following combinations of fluorescent retrograde tracers: Evans blue and DAPI-Primuline, Fast blue and Nuclear yellow, True blue and Nuclear yellow. After the injections, cells containing the tracer delivered in caudate nucleus (caudate-labeled cells) and others labeled with the complementary tracer injected in putamen (putamen-labeled cells) occur in large number in intralaminar nuclei, substantia nigra pars compacta, midbrain raphe nuclei and central midbrain tegmentum. In addition, a small to moderate number of putamen labeled cells is found in external pallidum, pulvinar and laterodorsal thalamic nuclei, and basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, whereas some caudate and putamen labeled cells are scattered in ventral tegmental area and locus coeruleus. However, ver few double-labeled cells are present in all these structures. In rostral intralaminar nuclei, the labeled cells are not confined to the know cytoarchitectonic boundaries of the nuclei but impinge slightly upon ventrolateral and mediodorsal nuclei. At this level, the caudate-labeled cells lie more dorsally and medially relative to putamen-labeled cells, but a high degree of intermingling exists and some double-labeled cells occur particularly in nucleus centralis lateralis. In caudal intralaminar nuclei, caudate-labeled cells are strictly confined to parafascicular nucleus and putamen-labeled cells present only in centre median, without any overlap between the two neuronal populations. In substantia nigra pars compacta, clusters of caudate-labeled cells are closely intermingled with clusters of putamen-labeled cells according to a complex mosaic-like pattern that varies along the rostrocaudal extent of the structure. Overall, however, caudate-labeled cells predominate rostrodorsally and putamen-labeled cells are more abundant caudoventrally in substantia nigra pars compacta, with only a few double-labeled cells. Some caudate and putamen-labeled cells are also scattered in contralateral substantia nigra pars compacta. In dorsal raphe nucleus, putamen labeled cells tend to occupy a more lateral position relative to caudate-labeled cells, with again very few double-labeled neurons. The caudate and putamen-labeled cells are less numerous and more closely intermingled in nucleus centralis superior. Numerous striatal afferent cells are also found bilaterally in the peribrachial region of midbrain tegmentum, comprising the pedunculopontine nucleus area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6664491 TI - The auditory brainstem nuclei and some of their projections to the inferior colliculus in the North American opossum. AB - Afferent projections to the inferior colliculus in the North American opossum have been examined using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Projections to primarily the contralateral inferior colliculus arise in the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, the auditory nerve nucleus and the spinal trigeminal nucleus pars caudalis, while ipsilateral projections arise in the superior paraolivary nucleus, the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body, the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, the paralemniscal nucleus, the deep layer of the superior colliculus and the parabrachial nucleus. Bilateral projections to the inferior colliculus originate within the dorsal column nuclei, the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis pars ventralis, the lateral and medial superior olivary nuclei, the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and the auditory cortex. Nissl, fiber and Golgi-stained preparations were used to study the neuronal organization of those auditory nuclei with projections to the inferior colliculus. Anterograde axonal degeneration and transport techniques revealed that the inferior colliculus is innervated differentially by the dorsal and ventral cochlear nucleus, the superior olivary complex and the auditory neocortex. Axons from the contralateral dorsal cochlear nucleus and the ipsilateral superior olivary complex innervate both the central nucleus and external cortex, whereas those from ventral cochlear nucleus and contralateral, superior olivary complex project to only the central nucleus. Projections from auditory cortex form the complement of those from the cochlear nuclei and superior olivary complex, that is, they terminate in a thin band overlying the dorsal cortex and the superficial layer of external cortex. Our results have been compared with those obtained from eutherian mammals and it is clear that there are striking similarities in neuronal organization and connectivity. Since the opossum is born 12 days after conception and has an extended development in an external pouch, it may be suited for developmental studies of the mammalian auditory connections and the behaviors dependent of them. PMID- 6664492 TI - Projection lines and the ipsilateral retino-geniculate pathway in the hooded rat. AB - The organization of the hooded rat's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus was studied with anatomical techniques, with particular regard to the representation of temporal retina and the binocular field. The ipsilateral and contralateral retinal terminal fields were examined in three stereotaxic planes following injections of horseradish peroxidase into the eye. Projections arising from the temporal crescent of the retina were studied with silver staining techniques for anterograde degeneration products. Following discrete retinal lesions there was clear evidence that the temporal retina projects in a topographic fashion both ipsilaterally and contralaterally. The orientation of the lines of projection in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus was assessed by retrograde labelling of cells after cortical implants of horseradish peroxidase. Although both the lines of projection and the ipsilateral terminal field extend rostro-caudally in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, their paths are oblique rather than parallel. Their intersection appears to correspond to the representation in this nucleus of conjugate retinal points. This was confirmed by administering horseradish peroxidase by iontophoresis in either the binocular or monocular representation of the primary visual cortex, while one eye received an injection of [3H]proline. Only those cortical injections in the binocular region gave rise to labelled projection lines passing through the autoradiographically-labelled ipsilateral terminal field. The rat's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus displays none of the cytoarchitectural lamination which is so prominent in the primate and cat. Even after labelling the input to the nucleus from one eye, there is still no obvious laminar relationship between the terminal fields from the two eyes. Despite the absence of lamination, the current results suggest that the principle of apposing the representation of conjugate retinal points in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus is the same in the rat as in cat and monkey. PMID- 6664493 TI - Development of the retinal pathway to the pretectum of the cat. AB - The development of retinal projections to the pretectal complex of prenatal and early postnatal cats has been examined using the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and tritiated amino acids. As early as embryonic day 38, the entire dorsal pretectum is penetrated by retinal ganglion cell axons. At this stage the bilateral complement of retinal efferents appears to be dispersed uniformly within the pretectal anlage. A week later, on embryonic day 46, indistinct foci of peroxidase reaction product can be discerned within 2 of the primordial nuclei: the nucleus of the optic tract and the olivary nucleus. By embryonic day 56, five distinct bilateral fields of retinal fiber termination are apparent within the following regions: (i) the nucleus of the optic tract; (ii) the pretectal olivary nucleus; (iii) the posterior pretectal nucleus; (iv) the anterior pretectal nucleus; and (v) the medial pretectal nucleus. Four days before birth, on embryonic day 61, crossed and uncrossed retinal arbors are partially segregated within the nucleus of the optic tract and the pretectal olivary nucleus. The early postnatal retinal connection to the pretectum has an overall pattern virtually indistinguishable from that of the mature cat. The ontogeny of the retinal influx to the pretectum is similar to that of the retinocollicular projection. However, the development of retinal projections to the pretectum and superior colliculus appears to lag behind those to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. These differences may reflect temporal and spatial gradients in the maturation of three major classes of retinal ganglion cells. PMID- 6664494 TI - Neuronal configurations in lateral and basolateral amygdala. AB - The lateral and basolateral nuclei of the rat amygdala have been studied with the rapid Golgi method. Both nuclei have similar cell types, which closely resemble cells in the cerebral cortex. Therefore, we suggest that what is known about cortical circuitry can be used as a guide for studying synaptic circuitry in the lateral and basolateral nuclei. The most abundant neurons that are impregnated in both nuclei are pyramidal cells. They have conical cell bodies and easily recognizable apical and basilar dendrites. The ones in the center of each nucleus have long axes that roughly parallel the long axis of the nucleus. Towards the periphery, pyramidal cells have apical dendrites that either stick directly across the nucleus or follow along a nuclear border. The peripheral dendrites tend to enclose the nuclei. There is considerable overlap among the dendritic trees and the dendrites of one nucleus extend into the territory of the other. Pyramidal cells have extensive axonal systems. The principal axon of basolateral cells usually projects rostrally but long collaterals leave the nucleus in other directions. The axons of lateral nucleus pyramidal cells are also widely distributed. The major thrust of their axons is caudal and lateral. Stellate cells are the most common variety of the non-pyramidal cells. They occur in both nuclei and have round cell bodies, 10-15 micron diameter, and spherical dendritic trees that are confined to a limited region of the nucleus. Their axons form dense terminal fields that remain within the vicinity of the parent cell's dendritic tree. Another type of non-pyramidal cell is the cone cell, whose non spiny, varicose dendrites describe cones. These neurons are found mainly in the apex of the lateral nucleus. The most rare non-pyramidal cells are the extended neurons, which have long, straight dendrites that reach beyond the nucleus into surrounding neuropil. They are mostly in the rostral part of the basolateral nucleus but also occur in the lateral nucleus, near the ventricular border. The axons of cone cells and the extended neurons have been only partially impregnated. We also have examined stellate cells in the guinea-pig lateral and basolateral nuclei. They have many of the same features as those in the rat brain, except that their dendritic trees and axonal systems are more complicated. There are two large groups of afferents: one consists of longitudinally running axons and the other of transversely coursing fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6664495 TI - The enkephalins are amongst the peptides hydrolyzed by purified acetylcholinesterase. AB - We have shown that purified acetylcholinesterase has the ability to hydrolyze a number of peptides including the physiologically occurring enkephalins. The enkephalins lost both the amino- and carboxyl-terminal amino acids, but several other peptides were not degraded. The enzyme was purified using an affinity chromatographic matrix that recognised one component of the active centre that is specific to cholinesterases, the anionic-binding site. The acetylcholinesterase was extracted from four tissues of diverse origin to minimise the risk of co purifying a peptidase. The enzyme was essentially homogeneous on polyacrylamide gels, and there was only one protein that bound diisopropylfluorophosphate in the samples. The peptidase activity was not affected by the aminopeptidase inhibitor puromycin, but it was inhibited by acetylcholine at concentrations that also reduced the esterase activity. It was concluded that acetylcholinesterase also has the capacity for a novel type of hydrolysis of peptide bonds. The ability of acetylcholinesterase to hydrolyse naturally occurring compounds of different chemical nature, like esters and peptides, may help explain the long-standing puzzle of why the enzyme is more widely distributed than acetylcholine, once thought to be its sole natural substrate. The localization of the enzyme probably more accurately reflects the distribution of all its substrates, although their identity remains to be determined. PMID- 6664496 TI - Reinnervation of the soleus muscle by its own or by an alien nerve. AB - The rates of reinnervation of the rat soleus muscle by its own or an alien nerve were compared using physiological and morphological criteria. The muscle's own nerve was more effective than the alien nerve in establishing functional connections with the original endplates. The relative ineffectiveness of the alien nerve during early stages of reinnervation was more apparent using physiological rather than morphological criteria. Five to six weeks after nerve injury there was no longer any difference between the muscles supplied by either nerve. PMID- 6664497 TI - Axonal physiology of chronic spinal cord injury in the cat: intracellular recording in vitro. AB - The properties of action potential conduction in single axons of the cat thoracic spinal cord were examined with microelectrode recording and electrical stimulation in vitro. The study included normal animals, animals chronically paralyzed by contusion of the cord, and animals showing some degree of locomotory recovery following a similar injury and several weeks of transient paralysis. The control studies were designed to compare the results of microelectrode sampling in vitro with morphological and in vivo physiological data. The pathophysiological studies were intended to investigate the continuity and function of axons identified morphologically in paralyzing lesions, and to examine the hypothesis that functional loss is associated with chronic axonal dysfunction, as well as direct axonal loss. Most of the recordings were made from dorsal columns and ventral tracts at 23-25 degrees C. The conduction velocities recorded in the normal cord were consistent with morphological data on caliber spectra, given the selectivity of the microelectrodes for larger axons. The refractory period of transmission was approximately 2-4 ms at 23-25 degrees C and 0.7-2 ms at 37 degrees C. Prolonged depolarizing after-potentials were recorded, following action potentials greater than 70 mV amplitude. Axons outside the lesion in injured cord showed only slight reductions from control in the mean and range of conduction velocity and refractory period distributions. The number of axons impaled per electrode track was reduced by up to one half. Relatively few impaled axons conducted through the lesion site in the injured cords: 16% in recovering animals and 7% in chronically paralyzed, as compared with 61% in uninjured controls. The mean conduction velocity of these through-conducting axons was significantly less than that of the normal population, particularly in paralyzed animals, and refractory period was significantly prolonged for conduction through the lesion in the paralyzed group. When axons conducting through the middle of the isolated spinal tract were challenged by raising the temperature, conduction block occurred below physiological temperature (37 degrees C) for 7% of axons in controls, 14% in recovering and 73% in paralyzed cats. The mean temperature of heat block in normal axons was 41 degrees C. Some axons appear to survive in paralyzing contusion trauma of this type. Those axons that remain in the lesion site project through it but their conduction properties are abnormal, particularly in animals that remain chronically paralyzed. Action potentials in many axons may be effectively blocked at the chronic lesion site, contributing to the overall functional d PMID- 6664498 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity of Xenopus laevis oocytes. AB - The cholinesterase activity of Xenopus laevis oocytes was assessed using [3H]acetylcholine in a simple radiometric procedure. The cholinesterase activity of mature (stage V-Vl) oocytes was very sensitive to inhibition by the specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, BW284-C5l, and relatively insensitive to an inhibitor of non-specific, or butyrylcholinesterase. The Km and Vmax of the acetylcholinesterase measured in homogenates of oocytes were 312 microM and 4.6 nmol-oocyte 1-h 1, respectively. Triton X-100 increased the enzyme activity of homogenates four- to five-fold while collagenase treatment displaced into the medium none of the acetylcholinesterase activity from either homogenates or intact oocytes. Cations were found generally to diminish the acetylcholinesterase activity of oocyte homogenates, and lanthanum ions inhibited acetylcholine hydrolysis with an IC50 of 0.63 mM. Subcellular fractionation of oocytes revealed that the bulk of enzyme activity was associated with particulate fractions. Acetylcholinesterase activity was also detected on the surface, and in homogenates, of immature oocytes. Peak enzyme activity resided in stage IV oocytes. Eggs obtained from females induced to spawn were found to have acetylcholinesterase activity in homogenates but little or no hydrolytic activity was detected on the egg surface. These results provide a point of departure for further investigations of the functional significance of this enzyme in Xenopus oocytes. PMID- 6664499 TI - Endogenous protein phosphorylation in chick and rat brain synaptic membranes. AB - The protein kinase activities endogenous to synaptic membranes prepared by an identical procedure from avian (chick) and mammalian (rat) brains were compared. Both species showed similar responses towards both protein kinase effector molecules cyclic adenosine monophosphate and Ca2+. Kapp for cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase activity occurred at 0.4-0.8 microM cAMP and Kapp for Ca2+-dependent, calmodulin-requiring protein kinase activity occurred at 1-2 microM Ca2+ (free ion concentration) both in the absence or presence of calmodulin added to the reaction mixture. This suggests that endogenous calmodulin in these membranes was able to modulate the Ca2+-dependent, calmodulin requiring protein kinase activity. After EGTA-treatment of the membranes to remove endogenous Ca2+ and calmodulin, no significant response towards Ca2+ on the phosphorylation of the membrane polypeptides was measured unless exogenous calmodulin was added after which the Kapp for Ca2+ was increased to 15 microM Ca2+ (free ion concentration). There was a difference in the maximal levels of kinase activity in these membranes with chick membranes containing 57% less cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase activity, but 65% more Ca2+-dependent, calmodulin-requiring protein kinase activity than the rat membranes. Similar results were determined when either low (5 microM) or high (5.8 microM) concentrations of adenosine 5'-triphosphate were added to the reaction mixtures. Besides certain species differences in the molecular weights of the resulting phosphoproteins, we observed several major differences with respect to the absence or presence of some of the phosphoproteins. Chick synaptic membranes may lack the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-requiring, microtubule associated phosphoprotein, MAP2, one of the 2 neurospecific, cyclic adenosine monophosphate-requiring and Ca2+, calmodulin-requiring phosphoproteins (Protein Ib, although Protein Ia apparently is present), and the Ca2+-requiring, calmodulin-independent, ACTH-sensitive phosphoprotein, B50. The phenothiazines, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine and chlorpromazine were found to inhibit the Ca2+ dependent, calmodulin-requiring protein kinase activities of both the chick and rat synaptic membranes. This inhibition appeared to be specific for calmodulin because at the same concentrations the phenothiazine analogue, chlorpromazine sulfoxide, had no effect on this activity. Also found to inhibit Ca2+-dependent calmodulin-requiring protein kinase activity were dibucaine and adrenocorticotropin. These data suggest that rat forebrain synaptic plasma membranes are activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate PMID- 6664500 TI - [Evaluation of disorders of myelin sheath formation in pt rabbits based on an electron microscope study of the spinal cord]. PMID- 6664501 TI - Effect of a fatty acid enriched diet on myelin lipids of the developing rat brain. PMID- 6664502 TI - Fatty acid composition of myelin lipids in developing rats kept on a fat deficient diet. PMID- 6664503 TI - [Early damage of the central nervous system in experimental poisoning with manganese compounds]. PMID- 6664505 TI - [Effect of occlusion of the common carotid arteries and arterial blood pressure changes on the bioelectric activity of the rat brain]. PMID- 6664506 TI - [Total ischemia of the cerebral hemispheres in the rat]. PMID- 6664507 TI - [Case of diffuse meningoencephalitis and extensive necrotic changes in the brain and meninges in acute bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 6664504 TI - [Effect of experimental manganese chloride poisoning on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and dopaminergic receptor D-2 of the rat brain. Preliminary report]. PMID- 6664508 TI - Cerebral shock-bodies microthrombi in the case of germinoma in the pineal region. PMID- 6664509 TI - Distribution, structure and relation of ganglia and nerve bundle in the pancreas of the Bulgarian rabbit Lepus europeus, as revealed by cholinesterase technique. PMID- 6664510 TI - X-ray microanalysis of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri RICH.) melanosomes with special reference to analytical methods. PMID- 6664511 TI - [Discontinuous general anesthesia in Sweet's retrogasserian differential thermal rhizotomy. A technic based on the use of propanidid]. PMID- 6664512 TI - [Peridural lumbar anesthesia, anesthesia of choice for angiography of the legs]. PMID- 6664513 TI - [Behavior of heart rate and arterial pressure in anesthesia with althesin and ketamine]. PMID- 6664514 TI - [Tilidine in general anesthesia. Clinical contribution]. PMID- 6664515 TI - [Lyell's syndrome: pathology requiring a multidisciplinary approach]. PMID- 6664516 TI - [Effect of parenteral fat emulsions on nitrogen balance and blood sugar in multiply-injured patients]. PMID- 6664517 TI - [9 cases of persistent non-neoplastic pain treated with chronic administration of intraspinal morphine]. PMID- 6664518 TI - [Autotransfusion in cardiac surgery: isovolemic bloodletting and acute intra operative hemodilution]. PMID- 6664519 TI - [Extensive dissection of the neck. Current indications]. PMID- 6664520 TI - [Surgery of breast cancer , using the Patey method]. PMID- 6664521 TI - [Prospects of combined drug therapy and surgery in hydatidosis]. PMID- 6664522 TI - [Acute cholecystitis. Immediate or postponed treatment?]. PMID- 6664523 TI - [Retroperitoneal tumors. Considerations on 29 cases]. PMID- 6664524 TI - [Aorto-iliaco-femoral extraperitoneal approach by thromboendarterectomy]. PMID- 6664525 TI - [Renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 6664526 TI - [Guided surgical treatment of laparocele]. PMID- 6664527 TI - [The transparieto-hepatic catheter in the diagnosis and therapy of obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 6664528 TI - [Tissues and the laser in surgery. Principles and general considerations]. PMID- 6664529 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of acute peritonitis]. PMID- 6664530 TI - [Indications and limitations of digital arteriography]. PMID- 6664531 TI - [Our experience in surgical treatment of tumors of the upper biliary junction]. PMID- 6664532 TI - [Intraoperative evaluation of the mesenteric axis in acute intestinal ischemia]. PMID- 6664533 TI - [Brief and medium term study of thyroid function in 30 patients after subtotal thyroidectomy]. PMID- 6664534 TI - [Prognosis of differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid]. PMID- 6664535 TI - [Needle aspiration in breast diagnostics. Personal experience]. PMID- 6664536 TI - [Martorell's ulcer. Study of 6 cases]. PMID- 6664537 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography and vascular surgery]. PMID- 6664538 TI - [Percutaneous alcoholic neurolysis of the celiac plexus in the treatment of pain of pancreatic origin]. PMID- 6664539 TI - [Neoplasms of the principal bile ducts and distal lithiasis]. PMID- 6664540 TI - [New trends in the surgical treatment of iatrogenic stenosis of the intrahepatic bile ducts]. PMID- 6664541 TI - [Considerations on time factors and forms of cicatrization of the silastic sponge tampon. II]. PMID- 6664542 TI - [A case of voluminous crural hernia]. PMID- 6664543 TI - [Second-look laparotomy in ovarian cancer. Personal experience]. PMID- 6664544 TI - [Dilatation with the Gruntzig catheter in iatrogenic stenosis of the extrahepatic biliary tract]. PMID- 6664545 TI - [Verification and prevention of crural hernia in inguinal herniorrhaphy]. PMID- 6664546 TI - [Pulmonary mycetoma]. PMID- 6664547 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of intralobar pulmonary sequestration in childhood]. PMID- 6664548 TI - [Treatment of obstructive jaundice with transparieto-hepatic drainage. Personal experience]. PMID- 6664549 TI - [Bilateral extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma with unilateral stenosis of the renal artery]. PMID- 6664550 TI - [Our experience in the therapy of Martorell's hypertensive ulcer]. PMID- 6664551 TI - [Malignant schwannoma of the breast. Contribution to diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6664552 TI - [Technic and results of digital subtraction angiography. Experience with 330 patients]. PMID- 6664553 TI - [Fournier's gangrene]. PMID- 6664554 TI - [Thromboendarterectomy of the aorto-iliaco-femoral axis in chronic atherosclerotic obstructions]. PMID- 6664555 TI - [Intraoperative monitoring of visceral and peripheral arterial blood flow during aorto-iliaco-femoral reconstructions]. PMID- 6664556 TI - [Embolization with absolute ethanol in the treatment of hepatic metastases]. PMID- 6664557 TI - [Current use of collagen sheets in surgery]. PMID- 6664558 TI - [Study of the supramalleolar Doppler pressor indices for definition of the hemodynamic significance of occluding lesions of the aorto-iliaco-femoro popliteal axis]. PMID- 6664559 TI - [Implantation of a whole artificial heart in man as a definitive therapeutic act]. PMID- 6664560 TI - [Manometric control of the functional surgery of the cardia]. PMID- 6664561 TI - [Current orientations in the surgical therapy of megaesophagus]. PMID- 6664563 TI - [Reflux alkaline gastritis]. PMID- 6664562 TI - [Cancer of the gastric stump: a true or false problem?]. PMID- 6664564 TI - [Current orientations in the surgical therapy of hepatic metastasis]. PMID- 6664565 TI - [Sclerosing treatment of esophageal varices]. PMID- 6664566 TI - [Surgical therapy of severe obesity: gastric by-pass]. PMID- 6664567 TI - [Intraoperative esophageal manometry. 10 years' personal experience]. PMID- 6664568 TI - [Physiopathology of intestinal absorption after total gastrectomy: Longmire versus Roux]. PMID- 6664569 TI - [Indications and technic in the surgical treatment of reflux disease and hiatal hernia]. PMID- 6664570 TI - [Current orientations in the selection of reconstructive methods after total gastrectomy]. PMID- 6664571 TI - [Neurohormonal profile in peptic pathology. Surgical measures]. PMID- 6664573 TI - [Biliary pathology and portal hypertension. Analysis of 584 cases]. PMID- 6664572 TI - [Polyps of the colon and hormonal influences]. PMID- 6664574 TI - [Criteria of the endoscopic diagnosis and therapy of esophagitis of alkaline reflux]. PMID- 6664575 TI - [Selective coronary-splenic-renal decompression (a development of the Warren procedure)]. PMID- 6664576 TI - [Splenocaval anastomosis: a possible improvement of the Warren intervention]. PMID- 6664577 TI - [Peritoneo-venous shunt in refractory ascites (our experience)]. PMID- 6664578 TI - [Endogenous hypersecretion of gastrin and pressure variations of the lower esophageal sphincter. Experimental research]. PMID- 6664579 TI - [Bromhexine in the prevention of postoperative complications in digestive surgery]. PMID- 6664580 TI - [Synchronous multiple carcinomas of the colon]. PMID- 6664581 TI - [Chyloretroperitoneum caused by traumatic rupture of the intestinal chyliferous ducts]. PMID- 6664582 TI - [Our experience in the use of mechanical suturers in digestive surgery]. PMID- 6664583 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of the complications of diverticular disease of colon]. PMID- 6664584 TI - [The microcythemia problem in the Marches. Initial experiences in Vallesina]. PMID- 6664586 TI - [Respiratory rehabilitation of chronic bronchopulmonary disease patients]. PMID- 6664585 TI - [Heterozygote beta-microcythemic children in Iesi. Statistical findings and health prospects]. PMID- 6664587 TI - [Rehabilitation in the neuromotor area]. PMID- 6664588 TI - [Diagnosis and early physiotherapy of infants born at neurological risk in Iesi Hospital]. PMID- 6664590 TI - [Indications for respiratory rehabilitation based on the results of a morphofunctional epidemiological survey of 2000 cases]. PMID- 6664589 TI - [Respiratory rehabilitation in the pneumology department of Iesi Hospital. Statistical findings and program considerations]. AB - The Authors refer the results a clinical-statistical research revealing that more than one-third of the yearly admissions to the pneumological divisions of the U.H. in Jesi are represented by patients who re-enter because of COLD with R.I. at various degree. On the basis of the selective criteria which can be found in literature, it's shown that the above patients can largely take advantage of rehabilitating treatment aiming both at the functional recovery and at the prevention of relapses, with a consequent fall in hospital admissions, carrying doubtless social advantages. The Authors also assert that such a treatment, though involving an equipe-approach, must be carried out by the pneumologist as the respiratory rehabilitation is to be considered, both for its aims and its methodologies as a branch of pneumology. Starting from this introductory statement the Authors go on making consideration on regional health programming in the pneumology field, particularly the rehabilitating one. PMID- 6664591 TI - [Clinical experience in communication in autogenous psychotherapy and hypnosis]. AB - Questions relating to communication and metacommunication during two forms of directive psychotherapy (Schultz's autogenous training and hypnosis) are examined. The concept of rigidity and cognitive flexibility with regard to the physician-patient relationship is discussed: abstract-concrete dynamics, abstract generalisation of diagnosis, linguistic egocentricity, stereotypical adaptation to conventional language. Some attention is devoted to Heider's balance theory as the first approach to psychological understanding of the therapeutic relationship. The communicative and metacommunicative process described by the Palo Alto (California) school is discussed. Autogenous psychotherapy and hypnosis extend through the concepts of symmetrical relation and inferior complementarity. The criteria for reaching these objectives are stated, along with the pragmatic methods devised for decoding messages and gaining access to metacommunication. Three clinical cases treated through autogenous training and one with hypnosis are analysed with respect to communication and from the relational standpoint. The patient's messages are decoded, the ambiguity of the communication is detected, and the physician's possible answers are examined at both the technical and the emotive level. It is felt that the correct use of the communicational perspective greatly extends the possibilities of autogenous training and hypnosis. It is not a question of combining relational and autogenous management, but of using the Palo Alto discoveries in the more complete understanding of cases in which psychotherapy is employed. PMID- 6664592 TI - [Function of the psychiatrist in a hematology ward. Notes on consultation-liaison psychiatry]. AB - Collaboration between Haematology and Mental Hygiene Departments of the University of Rome aims at clinical assistance, scientific research and staff training. It takes place through meetings of psychiatric consultants with haematologic patients and, above all, with doctors and paramedical staff. The psychiatrist's role takes place inside the framework of modern CLP (consultation liaison psychiatry), whose psychosomatic approach to illness it shares, taking into consideration the complex network of interactions and feedbacks in which the relationships between doctor, patient and illness develop. PMID- 6664593 TI - [Hypnosis in dermatology]. AB - Almost all skin diseases are caused by a variety of factors with psychogenic factors having a great influence on progression and the development of chronic conditions. After remarks on this aspect, the techniques employed in hypnosis therapy are described and psychosomatic skin diseases are outlined. Personal experience in the treatment of viral skin diseases is then described in detail and some aspects of the treatment of bacterial, reactive and psychosomatic diseases are presented. Behavioural disturbances related to dermatological problems and essential pruritus are also mentioned. PMID- 6664594 TI - [Indications for the use of hypnosis in the treatment of bruxism in relation to its psychosomatic nature]. AB - Research is presented into the psychosomatic aetiology of bruxism with emphasis on the personality of the individual and his response to pain. An analysis of the various treatments proposed highlights the value of hypnosis as the ideal way to eliminate the psychological factors causing the onset of bruxism and to provide adequate relaxation while modifying pain perception. PMID- 6664595 TI - [Hypotheses on the psychodynamics of the hypnotized]. AB - The hypnotic process starts when the ties between subject and object (perceptions) are sufficiently slackened. The psychodynamics of hypnosis in the hypnotized are reviewed, highlighting the mental machinery set in motion from the start of the process to its conclusion. PMID- 6664596 TI - [Triennial experience in group hypnosis therapy and the teaching of medical self hypnosis]. AB - A three year experiment with group hypnosis therapy for the teaching of medical self-hypnosis is reported. The teaching was divided into 7 courses followed by a total of 142 pupil-patients. The self-hypnotic techniques employed maximised motivational and gratification factors. A special type of deep-breathing is also described. This at least partially solves the problem of inducing a sufficiently deep trance for the achievement of appreciable results. Its efficacity was confirmed in almost all the patients despite the number and diversity of their problems and varied motivation. PMID- 6664597 TI - [Considerations on the use of special diets in association with hypnosis therapy of psychosomatic disorders]. AB - The use of special diets appropriate for individual nervous diseases is felt to be a valuable adjunct to psychotherapy in general and hypnosis therapy in particular. Several of the main diets used are described, including the preliminary detoxification or liver-protective diet, the general balanced diet used in nervous diseases and specific diets for depression, anxiety and psychosomatic diseases of the digestive system. It is concluded that an association of diet and hypnosis therapy makes it easier to achieve satisfactory therapeutic results. PMID- 6664598 TI - [Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy]. PMID- 6664599 TI - [Immunocomplexes in acute placenta pathology]. PMID- 6664600 TI - [Fetal echocardiography: normal anatomy in bidimensional and M-Mode]. PMID- 6664601 TI - [Sarcoma of the uterus]. PMID- 6664602 TI - [Pathology of the residual cervical stump]. PMID- 6664603 TI - [Echography in the first 3 months of pregnancy. Study of 100 cases]. PMID- 6664604 TI - [Use of clomiphene in habitual abortion due to lutein insufficiency]. PMID- 6664605 TI - [Use of a new synthetic prostaglandin (sulprostone) in the interruption of pregnancy after the first 90 days]. PMID- 6664606 TI - [Theoretical aspects and clinical applications of continuous arteriovenous ultrafiltration]. PMID- 6664607 TI - [Use of urokinase in the occlusion of arteriovenous fistulae for chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 6664608 TI - [Cutaneous manifestations in uremic patients under periodic hemodialysis therapy]. PMID- 6664609 TI - [Secondary role of a deficiency in chloride reabsorption at the level of Henle's loop in the pathogenesis of Bartter's syndrome]. PMID- 6664610 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the hemodynamic effects of a low-sodium diet in essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6664611 TI - [Infection during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis caused by the use of povidone-iodine-based disinfectants, contaminated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 6664612 TI - Electron microscopic demonstration of horseradish peroxidase-tetramethylbenzidine reaction product as a method for identifying sensory nerve fibers in the rat tooth pulp. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique could be used as a method for labeling sensory nerve fibers (specifically, tooth pulp afferents) for detailed ultrastructural analyses. HRP injected into the trigeminal ganglion of adult rats was taken up by ganglion cell bodies and transported anterogradely to their peripheral endings in the dental tissues. Following perfusion-fixation, the teeth were decalcified in EDTA, sectioned, reacted for HRP activity according to the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) technique, and processed for electron microscopy. The HRP-TMB reaction product was clearly visible within most of the axons in the dental pulp, appearing as conspicuous, rectangular shaped aggregates of fine rods or needles. PMID- 6664613 TI - Central distribution of afferent fibers in the intermediate nerve: a transganglionic HRP study in the cat. AB - Afferent fibers in the two components of the intermediate nerve of the cat, i.e. the chorda tympani (CTN) and greater petrosal (GPN) nerves, were traced into the lower brainstem transganglionically after applying horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to the central cut end of the CTN or GPN. CTN fibers ended in the trigeminal (principal sensory and spinal trigeminal nuclei) and solitary (medial, interstitial and dorsal solitary nuclei) nuclei, whereas GPN fibers ended only in the solitary nucleus. PMID- 6664614 TI - Axon number in oculomotor nerves in Xenopus: removal of one eye primordium affects both sides. AB - Unilateral removal of one eye primordium from Xenopus laevis embryos affects the number of axons in both oculomotor nerves: on the side of the operation, we observed a substantial decrease, and on the contralateral side an increase of over 30%. Mechanisms that may be invoked to explain this striking increase are: sprouting, rerouting of axons, decreased death of the motoneurones involved, and abnormal survival of ephemeral axon collaterals. PMID- 6664615 TI - Identification of quinolinic acid in rat and human brain tissue. AB - An analytical technique for the determination of the excitotoxic compound quinolinic acid (2,3-pyridine dicarboxylic acid) in brain tissue has been developed. Following sample prepurification by ion exchange and high pressure liquid chromatography, quinolinic acid is converted to the dihexafluoroisopropyl ester and the derivative is analyzed by mass fragmentography. Using the present technique quinolinic acid has been identified in both rat and human brain tissue. PMID- 6664616 TI - Eye movement-related activities in cells of the lateral suprasylvian cortex of the cat. AB - Investigation of eye movement-related activities and photic responsiveness using behaving cats demonstrated distinctive representations of eye movement signals in different areas of the lateral suprasylvian cortex: visual reafference in the medial bank of the middle suprasylvian sulcus and non-visual signals (proprioceptive reafference or efference copy) in the lateral bank. PMID- 6664617 TI - Monocular stimulation increases deoxyglucose uptake in ipsilateral primary optic centers of the rat. AB - We present data from autoradiography of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), which indicate that despite the limited uncrossed optic innervation of the rat, monocular stimulation produces considerable activation of ipsilateral primary visual centers. Compared to binocularly occluded rats, intact, monocularly occluded ones showed substantial and statistically significant increases in 2-DG uptake throughout the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and superficial layers of the superior colliculus ipsilateral to the stimulated eye, as well as larger increases in contralateral areas. In contrast, stimulation of mono-enucleated rats did not produce observable increases in 2-DG uptake in ipsilateral optic centers, confirming previous results. This effect may be due to functional depression in the denervated areas. PMID- 6664618 TI - Hardwired locomotor network in cat revealed by a retained motor pattern to gastrocnemius after muscle transposition. AB - Locomotor output to the gastrocnemius muscle was studied after a transposition giving the muscle a dorsi-flexing action around the ankle. Except for a slight prolongation of the activity, the old extensor pattern was retained in all cats throughout the study. A peak of activity before termination was seen in one cat at higher walking speed. It is concluded that neither the spinal locomotor network controlling the gastrocnemius muscle nor the supraspinal circuits influencing the network exhibit a high degree of plasticity in response to locating the muscle in a position antagonistic to the original. PMID- 6664619 TI - Increase of extensor tonus of forelimbs in chronic cats with bilateral serial hemisections of the spinal cord at different levels. AB - An increase of extensor tonus of the forelimbs was observed in chronic cats with serial double hemisections of the spinal cord, first at a lower thoracic level followed by a contralateral hemisection at the midthoracic cord at intervals of 5 18 weeks. A similar increase in forelimb extensor tonus was observed in chronic cats with serial double hemisections, first at the high cervical cord followed by a contralateral hemisection of the mid-thoracic cord at intervals of 3-7 weeks. The results suggest that the augmentation of extensor tonus was brought about by release of bulbar centers from ascending inhibitory mechanisms from the lower spinal cord. PMID- 6664620 TI - The 'M2' electromyographic response to random perturbations of arm movements is missing in long-trained monkeys. AB - Adult monkeys who have been under training over a long period of time show a loss of the M2 component in their biceps electromyographic response to brief, random perturbations of an alternating arm movement, the M1 component being apparently enhanced. These changes of the stretch-induced responses indicate a long-term plasticity of the sensorimotor system of monkeys. This result also provides hints for the origin and possible functional significance of the short- and long latency components of the electromyographic response in subjects with less experience. PMID- 6664621 TI - Purines stimulate chick neuroblasts proliferation in culture. AB - Neuroblasts from cerebral hemispheres of 6-day-old chick embryo are able to divide to a certain extent under suitable culture conditions. It was found that addition of purine bases to the culture medium induced an increase of tritiated thymidine incorporation into the cells, resulting from a stimulation of neuroblast proliferation. Most purines elicited a stimulation, but guanine compounds were the most active. Inosinic acid (IMP), the first purine synthesized, was also active. Folic acid was inactive. These results suggest that neuroblasts in culture are defective in the biosynthesis of purines and that this deficiency is not due to a lack of folic acid. Some other cell types were also tested including glial cells, meningeal cells, whole embryo fibroblasts and heart fibroblasts. Only the latter did not respond to purine bases. These observations show that different cell types in primary culture need exogenous purines for maximal growth. PMID- 6664622 TI - Electron microscopic identification of reticulo-subthalamic axon terminals in the cat. AB - Synaptic boutons emanating from axons of nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus origin were identified by electron microscopy in the neuropil of the subthalamic nucleus. Such boutons measure 1.5-3 microns, contain round synaptic vesicles and make asymmetrical axodendritic and axosomatic synaptic contacts with large subthalamic neurons. Very few contacts with vesicle-containing dendrites, and no contacts with the perikarya of the small neurons were observed. The present findings, in keeping with the relevant light microscopic and electrophysiologic data, furnish evidence for a substantial bilateral tegmenti pedunculopontinofugal projection that excites monosynaptically the relay subthalamic neurons. PMID- 6664623 TI - Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs from the medial mesodiencephalic junction to vertical eye movement-related motoneurons in the cat oculomotor nucleus. AB - The nature of synaptic inputs from the medial mesodiencephalic junction to motoneurons in the oculomotor nucleus innervating the superior and inferior rectus muscles was investigated in anesthetized cats, using intracellular recording techniques. Stimulation of the region produced mono- or disynaptic EPSPs and IPSPs in inferior and superior rectus motoneurons, respectively, on both sides. In a number of superior rectus motoneurons, EPSP-IPSPs or EPSPs were also induced in a similar latency range. The effective sites for inducing the monosynaptic PSPs were found within and near the dorsomedial part of the campus prerubralis. PMID- 6664624 TI - Extrinsic innervation of the rat pancreas: demonstration of vagal sensory neurones in the rat by retrograde tracing. AB - The extrinsic innervation of the rat pancreas was examined using retrograde tracing with the fluorescent dye True Blue. Retrogradely-labelled cell bodies were seen bilaterally in the nodose ganglia, and in the spinal ganglia at levels T6-L2. Labelled cells were also seen in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, the nucleus ambiguus and the coeliac ganglion. Our results provide new and direct evidence for a vagal sensory innervation of the pancreas. PMID- 6664625 TI - Distribution of muscarinic receptors in the caudal cerebellum and electrosensory lateral line lobe of gymnotiform fish. AB - Muscarinic binding sites were found in the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELLL) and vestibulo cerebellum (LC) of certain gymnotid fish; these binding sites were not present in significant numbers in the corpus cerebelli. Autoradiography of [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate and [3H]propylbenzylcholine mustard binding confirmed these results and also demonstrated that, within the ELLL the region with muscarinic binding sites was coextensive with the region of cholinergic input. We did not find any evidence for nicotinic receptors (alpha bungarotoxin binding) in ELLL, LC, or corpus cerebelli. PMID- 6664626 TI - Binding sites for [3H]gamma-hydroxybutyrate on cultured neurones of rat cerebellum and spinal cord. AB - By means of light microscopic autoradiography, binding sites for the GABA catabolite [3H]gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) were observed on cultured cerebellar and spinal neurones but not on glial cells. [3H]GHB was bound to similar types of neurones as [3H]GABA. However, the number of neurones labelled by [3H]GHB was considerably smaller than that by [3H]GABA, and the intensity of labelling by [3H]GHB was usually weaker. It is suggested that GHB might interact with neurotransmission mediated by GABA or play a role as neuromodulator or neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. PMID- 6664627 TI - High density of specific GABA binding sites in the human fallopian tube. AB - The concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the human Fallopian tube and the ability of a membrane preparation from the same organ to bind [3H]GABA specifically were examined. A GABA concentration of 177 nM/g frozen tissue was determined and a single population of high-affinity receptor binding sites has been identified in the human oviduct. The density of binding sites demonstrated was as high as in the brain. These results indicate a physiological significance of GABA in the human Fallopian tube. PMID- 6664628 TI - Nerve elements containing Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-like immunoreactivity in canine pancreas - a histochemical study. AB - Canine pancreas was examined by Sternberger's peroxidase-antiperoxidase method using an antiserum against Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu), an opioid octapeptide included in preproenkephalin A. Immunoreactive Met-Enk-Arg Gly-Leu-containing nerve terminals with beaded appearance were demonstrated to be juxtaposed to small blood vessels of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Eighty five out of 174 ganglion cell somas in the pancreas were immunopositive. The specific immunostaining was absorbed by preincubation of the antiserum (dilution, 1:2000) with Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu (50 micrograms/ml), but not with Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin (100 micrograms/ml). PMID- 6664630 TI - Effects of stimulation of the primary auditory cortex upon colliculogeniculate neurons in the inferior colliculus of the cat. AB - Electrical stimulation of the primary auditory cortex (AI) of the cat was found to evoke EPSPs, IPSPs or EPSP-IPSP sequences in colliculogeniculate (CG) neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) which responded antidromically to stimulation of the medial geniculate nucleus. The CG neurons responding to the AI stimulation with short-latency EPSPs (1.0-1.4 msec) were located in the dorsomedial portion of the central nucleus of the IC. On the other hand, latencies of IPSPs elicited in CG neurons by AI stimulation ranged from 2.0 to 4.5 msec. PMID- 6664629 TI - Inhibition in carotid body chemoreceptors mediated by D-2 dopaminoceptors: antagonism by benzamides. AB - Inhibition of chemosensory nerve impulses in the cat is evoked by dopamine (DA) applied to carotid body chemoreceptors. Pharmacological characterization of the dopaminoceptors involved in this action was determined through their blockade with benzamides, selective antagonists of D-2 receptors. Both metoclopramide and sulpiride were effective blockers of DA-induced chemosensory inhibition. Furthermore, both drugs induced an immediate increase in the frequency of carotid nerve chemosensory impulses, suggesting the presence of previous tonic inhibition of chemoreceptor discharges by endogenous DA released from glomus cells. PMID- 6664631 TI - An electron microscopic study of the direct spino-olivary projection to the inferior olivary nucleus in the rat. AB - Prior to the electron microscopic identification of spino-olivary terminals, the distribution of the direct spino-olivary projection was determined at the light microscopic level. Lesions were placed in the cervical or thoracic spinal cord in 7 rats. After a 7 day survival, animals were perfused, and transverse sections through the medulla were processed according to the Fink-Heimer technique. Terminal degeneration was found in the caudal third of the medial accessory olive, and in the lateral half of the dorsal accessory olive throughout its length. In order to determine the ultrastructural characteristics of direct spino olivary terminals, lesions were placed in the cervical spinal cord of a further 4 rats. After a 2 or 3 day survival period, the animals were processed for electron microscopy. The portions of the inferior olivary nucleus in which degeneration had been noted in the Fink-Heimer studies were sampled and examined in the electron microscope. The majority of degenerating spino-olivary terminals underwent an electrondense change. Most degenerating terminals contained round, clear vesicles, but a few were found to contain predominantly flattened vesicles. Degenerating terminals contacted small dendritic profiles or spines, neither of which were associated with synaptic clusters. PMID- 6664632 TI - Autoradiographic labeling of the cholinergic habenulo-interpeduncular projection. AB - The transmitter-specific autoradiographic method has been used to retrogradely trace the habenulo-interpeduncular cholinergic projection. [3H]Choline injection in the interpeduncular nucleus resulted in remarkable labeling of the fasciculus retroflexus and in very strong accumulation of silver grains in the medial habenula. Brainstem nuclei sending non-cholinergic projections to the interpeduncular nucleus were not labeled. The present findings strongly support the notion of a cholinergic medial habenula-interpeduncular nucleus projection in agreement with recent immunohistochemical evidence, but in contrast to previous immunocytochemical and pharmacohistochemical results. PMID- 6664633 TI - Choline acetyltransferase in organotypic cultures of rat septum and hippocampus. AB - Choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in the hippocampus originates almost exclusively in axons from neurons located in the medial septum. In the rat, the development of CAT in the hippocampus takes place during the first 3 weeks after birth. The development of CAT was studied in organotypic cultures of fetal rat septum and early postnatal rat hippocampus. In some septal explants, enzyme activity increased up to 10-fold during the first 3-4 weeks in vitro. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry showed the presence of AChE-positive cells and fibers in many explants. Thus it appears that septal cholinergic neurons develop CAT and AChE activity even without making contact with their target cells. However, the development of CAT was accelerated by the presence of hippocampal tissue. No CAT activity was found in the hippocampal cultures, confirming that there are few, if any, intrinsic cholinergic cell bodies in the hippocampus. PMID- 6664635 TI - Phenol solutions differentially block conduction in cutaneous nerve fibers of the cat. AB - The action of phenol in Tyrode solution on nerve conduction has been investigated in vivo in the desheathed sural nerve of cats. A section of 8 mm of the nerve was exposed to phenol solution. At low phenol concentrations (0.05-0.125%) a reversible block of A- and C-fibers occurred. At higher concentrations (0.6-1%) a selective and persistent C-fiber block could be achieved. The size of the residual A-volley was between 50% and 81% when all C-fibers were blocked. PMID- 6664634 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in visceral afferent pathways to the sacral spinal cord of the cat. AB - Immunohistochemical studies revealed that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is localized primarily to sacral segments of the cat's spinal cord. VIP is most prominent in afferent axons and terminals in Lissauer's tract and in lateral laminae I and V of the dorsal horn. The distribution of VIP terminals is very similar to that of visceral afferent projections identified by horseradish peroxidase. Dye-tracing experiments combined with immunohistochemistry demonstrated that VIP is located in visceral afferent perikarya in the sacral dorsal root ganglia and also in terminals in the sacral autonomic nucleus. These observations suggest that VIP is a neurotransmitter in afferent projections from the pelvic viscera. PMID- 6664636 TI - [Use of phonophoresis in eye diseases in children]. PMID- 6664637 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of chlorophyllypt phonophoresis in the treatment of eye burns]. PMID- 6664638 TI - [Drug phonophoresis in corneal opacities as a result of chemical burns and keratitis]. PMID- 6664640 TI - [Combined use of ultrasound and dioxidine in the treatment of infectious keratitis and corneal ulcers]. PMID- 6664639 TI - [Pharmacokinetic evaluation of idoxuridine phonophoresis in ophthalmic herpes in the rabbit]. PMID- 6664641 TI - [Systemico-functional ways of testing in developmental maculodystrophies]. PMID- 6664642 TI - [Choice of method of conducting hyperbaric oxygenation in patients with acute circulatory disorders (ACD) in the central artery system of the retina (CAR)]. PMID- 6664643 TI - [Use of low-energy laser therapy to reduce pressure in incipient open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 6664644 TI - [Bigoniocyclostomy in several varieties of closed-angle glaucoma in Cuba]. PMID- 6664645 TI - [Surgical treatment of the hypotensive syndrome with optic nerve disk congestion]. PMID- 6664646 TI - [Changes in the fundus oculi in pubertal-juvenile dyspituitarism]. PMID- 6664647 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of ptosis of the upper lid]. PMID- 6664648 TI - [Advantages of limbic incision of the conjunctiva in surgery for convergent strabismus in children]. PMID- 6664649 TI - [Effect of adrenoreception on ocular hemodynamics in experimental glaucoma]. PMID- 6664651 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of methods of treating myopia]. PMID- 6664650 TI - [Value of cytochemical studies of the epithelium in complex studies of lens metabolism]. PMID- 6664652 TI - [Arrest of hypertensive complications during cataract extraction]. PMID- 6664653 TI - [Results of treating hemangiomas of the eyelids in children]. PMID- 6664655 TI - [Methods of diagnosing disorders of binocular vision in vertical strabismus]. PMID- 6664654 TI - [Effectiveness of treating congenital dacryocystitis]. PMID- 6664656 TI - [Template for sinusotrabeculectomy]. PMID- 6664657 TI - [Special prism for exercises for restoring binocular vision in strabismus]. PMID- 6664658 TI - [Successful cure of 3 cases of vaccinia complicated by eye lesions]. PMID- 6664660 TI - Formation of proteinaceous capsules on plastic lens implants--by mouse macrophages under tissue culture conditions. AB - Formation of continuous proteinaceous capsule-like layers is demonstrated in tissue culture on plastic lens implants as part of cellular membranes created by mouse macrophages after 48, 56, and 96 hours of incubation. The capsules resemble similar formations seen on lens implants removed from human eyes and their existence is considered part of a clinically beneficial adaptation of man-made materials to the inner eye. PMID- 6664659 TI - Adherence of mouse macrophages to plastic lens implants--resulting in the formation of a cellular membrane. AB - An experiment for the study of the adherence of mouse macrophages to lens implants under tissue culture conditions has been developed. Formation of a continuous monolayer of cells on the surface of a plastic implant after 18 hours of incubation is demonstrated when this is exposed to a fluid with a high concentration of macrophages. Fewer macrophages in a thin fluid layer on the surface of a tissue culture dish made of clear plastic under the same conditions also showed adherence in a noncontinuous pattern. Some of these macrophages adherent to the surface of the plastic dish resembled reactive cell types that have previously been seen on lens implants removed from human eyes. PMID- 6664661 TI - Cellular membranes on glass lens implants--formed in tissue culture by mouse macrophages. AB - Intraocular lens implants made of glass were exposed to a suspension of mouse macrophages in tissue culture for 48 and 96 hours. After 48 hours the macrophages had formed a dense cellular membrane on the glass surface and some of them had changed into fibroblast-like cells, epithelioid cells, and early stages of giant cells. After 96 hours a firm and continuous proteinaceous capsule had formed on the glass in the interspaces between the cells. The membranes on glass implants were more cellular and more firmly adherent than those seen on plastic implants under the same conditions. PMID- 6664662 TI - Toxicity of antineoplastic drugs in vitrectomy infusion fluids. AB - Twelve antineoplastic drugs were evaluated for their toxicity when used in vitrectomy infusion fluid. These drugs may have implications in the prevention of cellular proliferation inside the eye. PMID- 6664663 TI - Aphakic cystoid macular edema in children after vitrectomy for anterior segment injuries. AB - Twenty-four children had surgery utilizing vitrectomy instrumentation for anterior segment trauma. Lensectomy was performed in 23 of 24 eyes. In each child a pars plicata approach was used. Fluorescein angiography or angioscopy performed two months to seven years after surgery failed to document aphakic cystoid macular edema. PMID- 6664664 TI - Pituitary tumors and the ophthalmologist. AB - The authors examined 200 consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas admitted to the neuroendocrine service at the Montreal General Hospital between 1976 and 1981. The main presenting signs and symptoms were amenorrhea/impotence (70%), headache (46%), and typical acromegalic or cushingoid features (28%). Only 9% had visual field defects, 2% had optic atrophy, and 1% had ocular motility problems. A comparison of our findings with four previous studies has demonstrated an increasing incidence of reproductive system abnormalities and a decreasing incidence of visual abnormalities in patients with pituitary tumor. The reasons for this changing pattern are discussed and the role of the ophthalmologist in the care of these patients is redefined. PMID- 6664665 TI - Vitreous floaters. AB - The vitreous changes in 148 eyes with sudden onset of floaters were evaluated biomicroscopically and documented photographically using an El Bayadi-Kajiura aspherical preset lens mounted on a photo slit lamp. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was found in 83% of the eyes. In those eyes, the primary causes of floaters were prepapillary glial tissue on the posterior hyaloid membrane and minimal vitreous hemorrhage. In eyes with no PVD, intravitreous fiber-like opacities corresponding to the patient's symptoms were present in the posterior vitreous cavity near the retina. These opacities were found on the plicated membranes of Cloquet's canal, or were associated with liquefaction of the gel. The symptoms of patients 50 years of age or older were related to the acute onset of PVD in 95% of the cases. The complaint of multiple small floaters was frequently associated with vitreous hemorrhage and retinal breaks. PMID- 6664666 TI - Biomicroscopic study of the vitreous in macular breaks. AB - The vitreous in 74 eyes with macular breaks was studied using the El Bayadi Kajiura preset lens mounted on a slit lamp. Fifteen of the eyes had macular breaks secondary to various causes, and 59 eyes had idiopathic senile macular breaks. Vitreous traction, indicated by the presence of opercula or visible vitreous strands, was present in 29 (49%) of the idiopathic cases. In 17 of 31 eyes without posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), an operculum was seen. In these eyes, intravitreous traction was suspected to be the cause of macular breaks. Opercula were seen attached to the posterior hyaloid membrane in six of the nine eyes with partial PVD. An operculum corresponding to the macular break was observed on the posterior hyaloid membrane in only five of 19 eyes with complete PVD. Of the 15 eyes with macular breaks secondary to various causes, complete PVD was seen in 10 eyes, one of which had an operculum. One eye had no PVD, and four eyes had partial PVD. Opercula were detected in two of the latter eyes. In one eye of the senile group and one eye of the secondary group, partial PVD caused traction at the edges of the macular break, resulting in retinal detachment. PMID- 6664667 TI - Peripheral retinal telangiectasis in adults simulating a vascular tumor or melanoma. AB - In ten adult patients a localized peripheral retinal vascular lesion is described, which is characterized by retinal telangiectasia, formation of aneurysms, deposition of lipoidal material and exudative detachment. All patients were of middle or older age and men and women were affected equally. Small lesions had a definite association with the most peripheral vessels, whereas larger ones appeared more as a tumor-like mass causing exudative detachment with deposition of lipoidal material. Additional neovascularization was present in at least two of the ten patients. The lesion is of clinical importance because it is often the cause of loss of central vision and is often confused with a vascular tumor or a choroidal melanoma. PMID- 6664668 TI - Presumed acquired retinal hemangiomas. AB - This paper presents the clinical findings in 12 patients with a peculiar vascular mass of the sensory retina. On the basis of ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography and other studies, the authors presume that the described lesion is a primary acquired benign vascular tumor, most likely a variant of capillary hemangioma. The features that seem to differentiate clinically this lesion from von Hippel's retinal angiomatosis, other ocular tumors, and pseudotumors are discussed and therapeutic recommendations are presented. PMID- 6664669 TI - Diabetic maculopathy. A critical review highlighting diffuse macular edema. AB - Retinal ischemia and edema are the two major intraretinal components of diabetic maculopathy. Focal macular edema is caused by focal leakage from retinal microaneurysms and dilated capillary segments; diffuse edema is caused by leakage from diffusely dilated retinal capillaries throughout the posterior pole. Diffuse macular edema may be exacerbated by systemic factors such as cardiac or renal failure, and hypertension. It is postulated that dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelial barrier and transport functions might contribute to the problem of diffuse macular edema. Newer techniques of laser grid photocoagulation for diffuse edema have been proposed. It is postulated that photocoagulative debridement of a disordered retinal pigment epithelium could be a mechanism of action of this treatment. PMID- 6664670 TI - Penetrating ocular injuries. Types of injuries and visual results. AB - The authors studied the hospital records of 453 patients who underwent primary surgical repair of penetrating ocular injuries at the Wilmer Institute from January 1970 through December 1981. The injury was due to blunt force in 22%, a sharp laceration in 37%, and a missile in 41%. The following factors correlated with the final visual outcome: (1) initial visual acuity after the injury, (2) presence of an afferent pupillary defect, (3) type of injury, (4) location and extent of the penetrating wound, (5) type of lens damage, (6) presence and severity of vitreous hemorrhage, and (7) type of intraocular foreign body. This study emphasizes that the prognosis after a penetrating injury is strongly influenced by the nature of the injury and the extent of initial damage. PMID- 6664671 TI - Pars plana vitrectomy for complicated retinal detachments. AB - The authors used vitreous surgery to treat 514 cases with retinal detachment. Three hundred sixty-five (71%) of the 514 eyes had retinal detachment associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. A successful anatomic result was achieved in 245 (67%) of these 365 cases and 227 (62%) obtained final vision of 5/200 or better. Five factors were associated with a successful visual result in diabetic eyes: (1) preoperative visual acuity of 5/200 or better, (2) retaining the crystalline lens, (3) an attached macula preoperatively, (4) preoperative retinal detachment limited to the posterior pole or less than one quarter the fundus area, and (5) absence of iatrogenic retinal breaks. Of those cases without diabetic retinopathy, a successful anatomic result was achieved in (1) 27 (84%) of 32 eyes with nondiabetic traction detachment, (2) 13 (65%) of 20 giant retinal tears, (3) 21 (50%) of 42 eyes with opaque media complicating retinal detachment, (4) 9 (90%) of 10 eyes with posterior retinal breaks, (5) 29 (42%) of 69 eyes with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and (6) 29 (64%) of 45 eyes with retinal detachment complicating prior ocular trauma. PMID- 6664672 TI - Cavernous hemangiomas of the orbit. AB - Patients with cavernous hemangioma of the orbit seen at the Wills Eye Hospital for the 10-year period, 1972-1981 were reviewed in a retrospective manner. This benign vascular tumor most typically presented as unilateral painless proptosis in a middle-aged woman. The duration of symptoms was between 6 months and 2 years. CT scanning demonstrated a well-circumscribed, homogeneous tumor without bony erosion. Ultrasonography typically showed good sound transmission with moderate internal reflectivity. It is not possible to distinguish clinically a benign cavernous hemangioma from the rare and potentially lethal hemangiopericytoma. Since recurrence and metastasis of hemangiopericytoma may be related to incomplete excision, fastidious dissection and removal of all tumors thought to be cavernous hemangioma before surgery is advised for fear the final pathology may indicate hemangiopericytoma. PMID- 6664673 TI - Spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula and the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. AB - A 22-year-old woman with one of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) developed a spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF), demonstrated by ophthalmic ultrasound and cerebral angiography. Therapy consisted of two balloon embolization procedures that significantly reduced blood flow through the fistula. The patient subsequently had a cerebral hemorrhage and expired. The cardinal features of EDS and its ophthalmologic findings are reviewed. Spontaneous CCF have been described in EDS patients, but case documentation is lacking in the ophthalmic literature. The rationale for treating a CCF and the various therapeutic approaches are discussed; the serious risks involved in any attempt to save vision in these patients are considered. PMID- 6664674 TI - The contralateral eye in the iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome. AB - Examination of six cases of iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome revealed that all the patients had subclinical abnormalities in the fellow eye. Of the six, four patients had iris transillumination, four patients had significantly decreased outflow facility but without elevation of intraocular pressure, and all patients had corneal endothelial changes as noted by specular microscopy. The asymmetric rather than unilateral involvement and the similar histopathology to posterior polymorphous dystrophy suggested that these two diseases may share a common pathogenesis. The occurrence of features of Rieger's syndrome and Axenfeld's anomaly in association with posterior polymorphous dystrophy suggested the hypothesis that all these diseases may be characterized by abnormalities of tissues derived from neural crest cells. A unifying hypothesis is presented to explain this group of diseases involving the endothelial cells lining the anterior chamber, namely corneal and trabecular meshwork endothelium, anterior iris stroma and iris melanophores. PMID- 6664675 TI - Inter-observer variation in refraction and visual acuity measurement using a standardized protocol. AB - Reproducible measures of refraction and visual acuity are necessary in clinical and population studies of eye diseases. Inter-observer differences in measurements of these parameters were evaluated using the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol. No clinically significant interobserver variation was found for refraction or visual acuity measurements between three observers. This study confirms that when standardized measurement procedures are used, observer differences as a source of variability in the data can be minimized. PMID- 6664676 TI - Potential acuity meter using a minute aerial pinhole aperture. AB - A new instrument allows accurate measurement of retinal visual acuity behind mild to moderate cataracts. Mounted on a slit lamp, the Potential Acuity Meter projects a Snellen visual acuity chart into the eye via a narrow beam of light converging to a minute aerial aperture only 0.15 mm in diameter. The examiner aims the narrow beam through "windows" in the cataract, avoiding blockage or scattering of the light that would otherwise occur. In 47 cataractous eyes having best preoperative visual acuity of 20/200 and better, the postoperative visual acuity was predicted to within three lines in 100% of cases, and to within two lines in 91%. With a successful result from cataract surgery defined as postoperative vision of 20/40 or better, the prediction of success with the Potential Acuity Meter was correct in 95% of cases. PMID- 6664678 TI - Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Diagnosis from peripheral blood smear. AB - Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), or Batten-Vogt's disease, is a disorder of young children who manifest visual, neurologic, and mental problems. The ophthalmologist can provide helpful diagnostic information by examining the fundus and performing an electroretinogram. In addition, diagnostic markers can be identified by examining circulating lymphocytes from a peripheral blood specimen with light and electron microscopy. PMID- 6664677 TI - The mechanism of betaxolol, a new ocular hypotensive agent. AB - A single drop, double-masked study was performed using 1% betaxolol ophthalmic solution in 24 normal subjects. Subjects received one drop of this new drug to one eye and a placebo drop to the fellow eye. Aqueous humor flow was measured using the technique of fluorophotometry, and outflow resistance was measured using tonography. Betaxolol suppressed aqueous humor flow in all individuals. The range of suppression was from 7 to 51%, with a mean suppression of 32 +/- 13%. The drug had no consistent effect on outflow resistance, and no pupillary changes were seen. PMID- 6664679 TI - How effective is perimetry in current practice? AB - A recent study that sampled the performance of nonphysician perimetrists in community ophthalmic practices revealed that the detection rate for any defect averaged only 69%. Nasal steps were correctly identified more often (77%) than were hemianopic defects (44%). If this relatively low identification rate for hemianopias is representative, then patients with unexplained visual loss should all have CT scans regardless of the result of the visual field examination. Greater accuracy in perimetry may be achieved by improved teaching, by optimizing exploration strategies, and perhaps by automated devices. PMID- 6664680 TI - Sensory afferent impulses originate from dorsal root ganglia as well as from the periphery in normal and nerve injured rats. AB - Single units were recorded in dorsal roots or in the sciatic nerve of anaesthetised rats. It was shown by making sections, by stimulation and by collision that some ongoing nerve impulses were originating from the dorsal root ganglia and not from the central or peripheral ends of the axons. In a sample of 2731 intact or acutely sectioned myelinated sensory fibres, 4.75% +/- 3.7% contained impulses generated within the dorsal root ganglia. In 2555 axons sectioned in the periphery 2-109 days before, this percentage rose to 8.6% +/- 4.8%. There was a considerable variation between animals; 0-14% in intact and acutely sectioned nerves and 1-21% in chronically sectioned nerves. The conduction velocity of the active fibres did not differ significantly from the conduction velocity of unselected fibres. The common pattern of ongoing activity from the ganglion was irregular and with a low frequency (about 4 Hz) in contrast to the pattern of impulses originating in a neuroma which usually have a higher frequency with regular intervals. Slight mechanical pressure on the dorsal root ganglion increased the frequency of impulses. Unmyelinated fibres were also found to contain impulses originating in the dorsal root ganglion. In intact or acutely sectioned unmyelinated axons, the percentage of active fibres 4.4% +/- 3.5% was approximately the same as in myelinated fibres but there were no signs of an increase following chronic section. Fine filament dissection of dorsal roots and of peripheral nerves and collision experiments showed that impulses originating in dorsal root ganglia were propagated both orthodromically into the root and antidromically into the peripheral nerve. It was also shown that the same axon could contain two different alternating sites of origin of nerve impulses: one in the neuroma or sensory ending and one in the ganglion. These observations suggest that the dorsal root ganglion with its ongoing activity and mechanical sensitivity could be a source of pain producing impulses and could particularly contribute to pain in those conditions of peripheral nerve damage where pain persists after peripheral anaesthesia or where vertebral manipulation is painful. PMID- 6664681 TI - Acupuncture compared with placebo in post-herpetic pain. AB - A single blind randomised controlled study of auricular and body acupuncture compared with placebo (mock transcutaneous nerve stimulation) was performed in 62 patients with post-herpetic neuralgia. There was no difference in the amount of pain relief recorded in the two groups during or after treatment; 7 patients in the placebo group and 7 patients in the acupuncture group experienced significant improvement in their pain at the end of treatment. This suggests that acupuncture is of little value as an analgesic therapy for post-herpetic neuralgia. However the study method and the use of a mock transcutaneous nerve stimulator as a placebo may be of value when assessing the effects of acupuncture in other conditions. PMID- 6664682 TI - The validity of experimental pain measures. AB - Forty subjects served in a study investigating the characteristics of experimental pain measures. Subjects indicated when their pain threshold and tolerance levels had been reached with each of three stressors: cold, pressure, and electrical shock. Using the multitrait-multimethod matrix procedure, the measures of threshold and tolerance were found to show both generality and discriminant validity across stressors. Threshold judgements, which emphasize discrimination of nociceptive quality, and tolerance decisions, which indicate an unwillingness to receive more intense stimuli, are not equivalent measures of responsiveness. Both should be obtained in studies involving experimental pain. Stressors, while related, are also not equivalent. Minimum method variance was associated with the discomfort produced by electrical pulse trains. PMID- 6664683 TI - Pain as a symptom in depressive disorders. II. Relationship to personality traits as assessed by means of KSP. AB - The series included 140 hospitalized patients with depressive disorders, who were rated by means of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Furthermore, a personality inventory, KSP, was completed when the patients had improved markedly. Forty-six per cent of the patients were found to have pain as a symptom. The patients with pain were found to have more somatic anxiety, more muscular tension, more psychasthenia and more inhibition of aggression but no significant differences were found in guilt. Thus pain as a symptom in depressive disorders seems to be linked to muscular tension and the patients seem to have more introjected aggression while no evidence emerges indicating that pain could serve to relieve the feelings of guilt. PMID- 6664684 TI - Children's drawings of their pain. AB - Children and adolescents with recurrent migraine headaches or musculo-skeletal pain were asked to draw a picture of their pain and another picture of themselves in pain. The drawings were categorized according to content and color. No differences in content or dominant color of drawings was found for sex and there were no changes with age (5-18 years). Children with recurrent migraine more often drew themselves doing something to relieve their pain, than did children with musculo-skeletal pain. Implications for the use of pain drawings in the treatment of chronic and recurrent pain are discussed. PMID- 6664685 TI - Trunk and leg growth in children with paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury. AB - After a survey of the bibliography on the subject of clinical and experimental data on retarded growth in children affected by lesions of the peripheral nervous system, the authors present a semi-longitudinal analysis of the anthropometric values obtained by spinal cord section in the case of young paraplegics. By this means, they demonstrate an average growth defect of the order of two standard deviations which only affects the body distal to the neurological lesion in cervical or dorsal injuries. The lower the level of the cord lesion and the earlier the paralysis the greater the growth defects. PMID- 6664686 TI - Survival in traumatic spinal cord injury. AB - The present study was conducted on 1510 persons between 1 December 1973 and 31 December 1980. Of these, 1478 (97.9 per cent) were traced by questionnaire. Of those traced, 1252 were male and 226 were female. There were 194 deaths of whom 160 were male and 34 female. The main causes of death are cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, suicide and neoplastic. Compared with the 1973 study, there has been a marked decrease in deaths due to renal disease and a marked increase in deaths due to suicide and liver disease and the abuse of alcohol. A study of the new deaths allowed one to note a relative mortality rate to be 186 per cent for partial paraplegics, 209 per cent for partial tetraplegics; 318 per cent for complete paraplegics and 767 per cent for complete quadriplegics. The approximate application of these rates to current (1975-77) mortality tables permitted the calculation of theoretically derived life expectation at various ages. These indicated an improved life expectation for all categories. PMID- 6664687 TI - Neuro-muscular dysfunction of the lower urinary tract in multiple sclerosis. AB - Urological problems in M.S. patients are very frequent and are usually very disabling. Complaints will often be misleading. Urodynamic investigations play a most important part in the diagnosis but are carried out with more difficulty than in other patients. The lower urinary tract dysfunction is classified as advised by the I.C.S. Committee. Detailed figures are given in the text. Evolution of urological disorders in M.S. is unpredictable. Treatment has to be conservative, flexible and reversible if possible. The goal of the treatment is to get a balanced bladder and complications due to urological manipulations must be avoided. PMID- 6664688 TI - [Changes in erythrocyte metabolism during treatment of experimental salmonellosis poisoning]. PMID- 6664689 TI - [Effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate on resistance to hypoxia and thrombocyte aggregation in the rat in different ecological situations]. PMID- 6664690 TI - [Mechanism of changes in hemostasis in malignant lymphoma in the monkey]. PMID- 6664692 TI - [Adrenergic reactivity of coronary vessels and the myocardium in the old dog]. PMID- 6664691 TI - [Pathogenic relation between complement systems and hemostasis in acute thrombosis of major veins]. PMID- 6664693 TI - [Effect of electric stimulation of the fastigial nucleus on epileptic activity in the cerebral cortex]. PMID- 6664694 TI - [Changes in the physico-chemical properties of erythrocytes in various neoplastic diseases]. PMID- 6664695 TI - [Cardiac muscle and seasonal lipid metabolism in the rabbit during development of diphtheritic poisoning]. PMID- 6664696 TI - [Changes in the resistance of cerebral vessels following intracerebral hemorrhage]. PMID- 6664697 TI - [Use of hemosorption technic in experimental and clinical resuscitation]. PMID- 6664698 TI - [Features of reflex changes in the spike activity of neurons of posterior ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus during peripheral electrostimulation]. PMID- 6664699 TI - [Role of leukocytes and thrombocytes in lung damage in hemorrhagic shock. Protective effect of aspirin and dipyridamole]. PMID- 6664700 TI - [Features of energy provisions for thyroid gland function in different courses of traumatic shock]. PMID- 6664703 TI - [Effect of preparations from Hippophae berries on the healing of experimental stomach ulcers]. PMID- 6664702 TI - [Effect of clofibrate on the enzyme activity of liver and adipose tissue lysosomes in the rat in the presence of an unbalanced fatty component in the diet]. PMID- 6664701 TI - [Efficacy of using combinations of sodium selenite and sodium nucleinate in the treatment of experimental myocardial infarct in the rabbit]. PMID- 6664706 TI - [Model of microthrombosis and its quantitative description using automated image analysis]. PMID- 6664705 TI - [Modeling a macrofocal myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6664704 TI - [Method of polycardiography in the dog in chronic experiments]. PMID- 6664707 TI - [Modeling the state of clinical death from acute blood loss and post resuscitation disease in the rat]. PMID- 6664709 TI - [Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) skin test in children with inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract and tuberculosis]. PMID- 6664708 TI - [Elimination of autologous X and Xa blood clotting factors from the circulation in intact and thymectomized rats]. PMID- 6664710 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis and differentiation of tuberculous meningoencephalitis in children]. PMID- 6664711 TI - [Mechanism of disorders of calcium-phosphate metabolism in children with malabsorption syndromes]. PMID- 6664712 TI - [Intestinal absorption of antibiotics in children with intestinal wall damage (flat mucosa syndrome)]. PMID- 6664713 TI - [Incidence of oral developmental anomalies in children with abnormalities of various organs]. PMID- 6664714 TI - [Bacterial hepatitis as a complication of septicemia in newborn infants]. PMID- 6664716 TI - [Incidence of radiologic changes in the lungs and lymphogenic changes in the bronchi in children with primary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6664715 TI - [Traffic accidents among children and adolescents in the light of data from the State Insurance Agency 1975-1979]. PMID- 6664717 TI - [Environmental factors causing psychogenic abdominal pain in schoolchildren]. PMID- 6664718 TI - [7-year follow-up of a child with the diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis]. PMID- 6664719 TI - [Case of tuberculosis of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes with a shadow interpreted as a lung tumor]. PMID- 6664720 TI - [Breast feeding in the Rzeszow region 1973-1980]. PMID- 6664722 TI - [Results of phototherapy of pathological jaundice in newborn infants]. PMID- 6664721 TI - [Heart rate and arterial blood pressure in children aged 7-15 years in relation to environmental conditions]. PMID- 6664723 TI - [Occlusion of the brachial and ulnar arteries caused by thrombosis in 2 children with congenital defects of the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 6664724 TI - [Neurologic complications after blood transfusion in patients with chronic anemia]. PMID- 6664725 TI - [Bilirubin levels in newborn infants after labor induction with drugs]. PMID- 6664726 TI - [The electroencephalogram and clinico-evolutive aspects of children with febrile convulsions]. PMID- 6664727 TI - [Phototherapy of neonates: : immediate results and long-term prognosis (case reports)]. PMID- 6664728 TI - [Feeding of the low birth weight newborn infant: personal experience in 28 cases]. PMID- 6664729 TI - [One of the complications of steroid therapy: posterior subcapsular cataract]. PMID- 6664730 TI - [Evidence of the viral (rotavirus) etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children]. PMID- 6664731 TI - [Clinical study of the effectiveness of Cefadroxil in respiratory diseases in children]. PMID- 6664733 TI - [Description of a case of Camurati-Engelmann syndrome in a newborn infant]. PMID- 6664734 TI - [Paroxysmal torticollis in infancy]. PMID- 6664732 TI - [Clinico-radiologic studies of a case of scurvy in an infant]. PMID- 6664735 TI - [Congenital lymphedema in 2 infants: clinical aspects, differential diagnosis and classification]. PMID- 6664736 TI - [The Williams and Beuren syndrome: aspects of the elfin facies]. PMID- 6664737 TI - [Hereditary spherocytosis: a case of high familial incidence]. PMID- 6664738 TI - [Pulmonary ventilatory and perfusion scintigraphy in the diagnosis of dermoid cysts of the mediastinum]. PMID- 6664739 TI - [Blood zinc levels in an achondroplastic child and her relatives]. PMID- 6664740 TI - Prolactin synthetizing capacity of the human decidua during the first trimester of pregnancy. AB - In vitro prolactin (PRL) synthesis by human decidua of early pregnancy (5-12 weeks gestation) was investigated. Tissues obtained during therapeutic abortions were incubated in oxygenated Gey's buffer supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum at 37 degrees C for 24 h. PRL production increased rapidly to 42.3 mU PRL/100 mg tissue wet weight until 8 weeks gestation and then slightly declined but these differences were not significant. There was not PRL production when chorion was incubated under similar conditions. A significant correlation was found when the initial PRL content in the decidua prior to incubation and the capacity of decidua to synthesize PRL were compared (r = 0.76, P less than 0.001). These data provide further evidence that human decidua can produce PRL in vitro. The finding that the rate of the PRL synthesis increases progressively in early pregnancy is in correlation with the intensive decidualization of the endometrium. PMID- 6664741 TI - Effect of (+)-cyanidanol-3 (Catergen) in chronic active hepatitis. (Catergen plus prednisolone versus prednisolone in a controlled study). AB - Thirty-six patients with biopsy-proved chronic active hepatitis (CAH) were randomized. Of these 18 patients, 15 of them HBsAg and/or anti-HBc positive, received (+)-cyanidanol-3 (Catergen, Zyma) in doses of 1.5 g daily for 6 months in addition to the previously started low dose (10-15 mg/day) prednisolone. The other 18 patients, 16 of them HBsAg and/or anti-HBc positive, continued on the former corticosteroid treatment exclusively. After 6 months an overall clinical biochemical improvement was noted in 10 cyanidanol-treated and in 6 control patients, while the condition deteriorated in 4 drug-treated and 8 control subjects. Serum GPT activity decreased to less than twice the normal in 12/16 drug-treated and in 7/13 control subjects, gamma-GT fell to normal in 7/16 cyanidanol-treated and in 1/10 control patients, IgG fell to normal in 4/8 drug treated and in 1/9 control patients who all had initially elevated values. The percentage of "active" E-rosette forming cells fell in both groups but the decrease was significant only in the control cases, i.e. cyanidanol inhibited the progressive fall in circulating T cells during the course of the disease. Lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohaemagglutinin stimulation, as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation, significantly increased in the cyanidanol group. Anti-HBs titres were markedly raised in 7/15 drug-treated and in 2/16 control patients. Thus, cyanidanol had some slight beneficial effect on biochemical liver function tests and the immunological activity in CAH patients. Its use may be recommended as an adjuvant constituent of the complex therapy of the disease. PMID- 6664742 TI - Autonomic sinus node dysfunction documented by Holter monitoring studies in 21 patients. AB - Holter recordings were carried out in 21 patients with presupposed sinus node dysfunction (SND). All the patients were evaluated also by complex electrophysiological examinations (overdrive and premature atrial stimulation) before and after pharmacologic autonomic blockade (AB) with propranolol 0.2 mg/kg and atropine 0.04 mg/kg body weight intravenously. Groups of normal and abnormal intrinsic heart rate (IHR) were compared. In patients with normal IHR (n = 13) the prolonged recovery time (5/13), postpacing SA-block (1/13) and chaotic postextrasystolic patterns (4/13) ceased after AB. Intrinsic recovery time became normal with a gradual return to the stable sinus cycle length, and we obtained normal biphasic postextrasystolic intrinsic return responses. In all cases of pathological IHR (n = 8), abnormal intrinsic rhythmicity was verified by electrophysiological means. Holter monitoring revealed significant differences (P less than 0.001) between the minimal HR during sleeping and also in the HR averaged for 24 h between the two groups. In patients with abnormal IHR, the 24 h rhythm recording revealed positive ECG data for SND. In patients with normal intrinsic electrophysiological properties, Holter monitoring revealed severe sinus bradycardia (1 case), SA-arrest (1 case), SA-block (1 case), tachy-brady syndrome (1 case), and atrial fibrillation with AV-block (1 case). For appreciating the role and significance of the autonomic neuro-vegetative tone in SND, continuous rhythm monitoring is necessary. PMID- 6664743 TI - Event-related non-specific responses (K-complexes) during sleep. AB - EEG responses to sensory stimuli were obtained by averaging. In averages representing the reactivity of the approx. 5 min sleep period, the fluctuation of the amplitude of the obligatory part was evaluated. The deepening of sleep was reliably indicated by the increase in amplitude while the lightening of sleep by a decrease in amplitude within stage 2. In longer sleep periods beside the above tendency a micro-fluctuation occurred as evidence of the fine fluctuations of the sleep level within the phases. The synchronization response could be followed by this method even in the deep sleep stages and the above behaviour of the amplitudes of averages remained unchanged. This shows that the synchronization response to arousal stimuli is a uniform phenomenon during the whole slow-wave sleep. Our results support the assumption that the spontaneous or evoked synchronization phenomena in sleep are the products of the dynamic balance in the sleep-arousal system. An increase of amplitude may indicate an increase in the tonus of the sleep system while its decrease an opposite process. The present observations, similarly to our earlier results, may be adapted well to the sleep model based on the phasic activation and reciprocal induction theory. PMID- 6664744 TI - A new method for measurement of H2 in exhaled air in the presence of permanent gas mixtures. AB - A new instrument has been devised for the measurement of H2 in human expired air. The device is simple in construction and can substitute gas chromatography (GC) in differential diagnosis, clinical dietetics, pharmacological research, environmental and labour safety analysis etc., at low cost. PMID- 6664745 TI - Effect of Triton X-100 on the electrophoretic mobility of the creatine kinase isoenzymes of serum and tissues. AB - The distribution of creatine kinase isoenzymes was studied in homogenates of human skeletal muscle, myocardium and brain tissue, and in sera. For the study of the cytosolar isoenzymes (MM, MB, BB) the tissues were homogenized with a Ca++- and Mg++-containing buffer. The membrane-associated isoenzymes were solubilized with buffer containing 1% Triton X-100. The isoenzymes were separated on polyacrylamide gel slabs. After treatment with Triton X-100 a membrane-associated isoenzyme of high activity, corresponding in mobility to cytosolar MM, was identified in brain tissue. No similar fraction was demonstrable in muscle tissue. The difference in the results is attributed to differences in the sensitivity of the creatine kinase isoenzymes of muscle and brain tissues. The cytosolar MM fraction of human sera is of more anodal mobility than that of tissue homogenates, and in the MM region subfractions have been demonstrated in some cases. Triton X-100 did not affect the electrophoretic mobility of the creatine kinase isoenzymes of the sera, or of the tissue homogenates. PMID- 6664746 TI - [Severe Legionella pneumopathy in an immunologically normal infant]. AB - A case of legionnaires' disease is described in a 9 months old boy. He had a rapidly extensive bilateral pneumoniae. There was no premorbidity. The diagnosis was made by demonstrating legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in pulmonary biopsy and pleural liquid, by direct immunofluorescence assay and positive culture. There was no seroconversion. An adenovirus type 2 was also isolated in pulmonary biopsy, with an strong seroconversion. The course was favorable, with Doxycycline therapy. PMID- 6664747 TI - [Diencephalic cachexia (A. Russel's syndrome). Apropos of 3 cases. Importance of transfontanelle ultrasonography]. AB - Three children with diencephalic tumours are described. In these cases, the main clinical features are extreme emaciation and nystagmus. Ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated the tumour. In one case, high levels of growth hormone were observed. In the three cases, the tumour was a glioma. PMID- 6664748 TI - [Multiple vascular thromboses in severe acute autoimmune hemolytic anemia with Mycoplasma pneumoniae serology treated by plasma exchange and immunosuppressive agents]. AB - A 5,9 year old girl presented a severe and acute auto-immune hemolytic anemia, unresponsive to steroids, treated by 10 plasma exchanges, immunosuppressive agents and splenectomy. Despite an anticoagulant treatment, occurrence of multiple thrombosis. Unusual evolution of Mycoplasma serological tests. PMID- 6664749 TI - Effect of orientation on judgments of line length. AB - This study investigated how the parameters of the power function of line judgments by 68 college undergraduates were affected by orientation of line. Exponents of the power functions did not vary as a function of orientation, but the scaling factors varied substantially. These results suggest that the horizontal-vertical illusion is best described as about a 12% illusion. Also, results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that the horizontal-vertical illusion affects the exponent of power functions for judgments of area and volume. PMID- 6664750 TI - Accuracy and latency of judgment of facial expressions of emotions. AB - The aim of the experiment was to study the relation between accuracy of judgment of facial expressions of emotions and time for judgment. The results for 34 college students confirmed previous data showing high performance in identification of all emotions, although there were some important differences between emotions. Also, times for judgment were longer for the emotions which were more difficult to identify. PMID- 6664751 TI - Use of computerized psychomotor testing in determining CNS effects of drugs. AB - Two interactive, computer-controlled tests--critical flicker fusion and discriminant reaction time tasks--are described. These tasks, and subjective sedation ratings using visual analogue scales, were shown to be sensitive in a dose-related fashion to the effects of CNS depressants (diazepam, 15 mg and lorazepam, 1 and 2 mg). Such brief, interactive, computerized tasks should be useful in screening new agents for CNS activity in humans. PMID- 6664752 TI - Flicker fusion as a typological index of nervous system 'reactivity'. AB - Flicker fusion responses were determined under varying stimulus intensities for 43 subjects. A mathematical index of the responses was derived for each individual and compared to a single flicker fusion response. A correlation demonstrated independence between the two measures. PMID- 6664753 TI - Semantic generalization investigated using second-order conditioned visual afterimages. AB - A series of experiments is reported during which three subjects were initially classically conditioned to produce visual percepts to a sound only, second-order conditioned to transfer that response to an animal name, and finally taught a "foreign language". The results suggest that semantic generalization occurs whether the semantic relationships are formed either before or after the conditioned response is established. PMID- 6664754 TI - Distinctions in variability of motor output between learning disabled and normal children. AB - This study measured the differences in motor output between groups of 8- and 10 yr.-old learning disabled and normal boys. Variability of motor output was investigated by having children learn an alternating tapping task to a criterion of a specified number of taps per minute and then having them transfer to more difficult tapping tasks with the same rhythmic beat but requiring more distance to move or more accuracy. Results suggest variability of motor output distinguishes normal and learning disabled boys. PMID- 6664755 TI - Is quiet whisper harmful to the vocal mechanism? A research note. AB - Recent physiological studies of whisper indicate that quiet whisper may not, as implied in past literature, be harmful to the voice. The present study examined differences in judged vocal quality pre- and post-whisper in 10 dysphonic patients, mostly college students. Results showed a significant preference for the vocal quality following a week of quiet whisper. The results are discussed in relation to clinical implications as well as clinical application. PMID- 6664756 TI - Differences in handwriting as a function of age. PMID- 6664757 TI - Relationship of hostility and white space responses on the Rorschach. AB - The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between hostility and white space responses on the Rorschach. The Rorschach was administered individually to 80 volunteer students on the university campus. 71 subjects were undergraduates and 9 were graduates. The mean age for the group was 24 yr. Among the males, 19 were white and 4 were non-white; among the females, 49 were white and 8 were non-white. Level of hostility was determined by Elizur's scoring of content and by adding all the weights for each subject's protocol. Percent was obtained for each subject by dividing the total of such responses by R or total number of responses. A significant correlation of .20 was obtained between level of hostility and white space responses. A correlation of .46 between total responses and white space responses was also significant. Gender and level of hostility correlated -.33. A multiple regression analysis gave an r of .51 for the combination of gender and total responses and level of hostility. PMID- 6664758 TI - Intercorrelations among white space responses on Rorschach, ego strength, conformity, and self-esteem. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine the magnitude of relationship between the white space responses (S) on the Rorschach and ego strength, as determined by Barron's Ego Strength Scale. Correlations between the white space response (S) and conformity, as measured by the conformity scale of the Jackson Personality Inventory, and S and self-esteem, as measured by the self-esteem scale of the Jackson Personality Inventory, were also investigated. For 44 female and 12 male undergraduates the correlation between white space responses and ego strength was non-significant, as were correlations between white space responses and ego strength, conformity, and self-esteem. Intercorrelations among ego strength, conformity, and self-esteem were significant. Also, white space responses (S) and the total number of responses (R) were significantly correlated. PMID- 6664759 TI - Picture recognition memory in children: effects of homogeneous versus heterogeneous classes of pictures. AB - This study shows that, when homogeneous classes of pictures are used in a picture recognition task, developmental trends do emerge whereas when a heterogeneous class of pictures is used such developmental trends are not found. These results are consistent with the view that as children get older (3-4 yr., 6-7 yr., 9-10 yr., adolescents, adults) they get better at organizing material that is more difficult to differentiate or remember. PMID- 6664760 TI - Perceptual strategies used with flow diagrams having normal and unanticipated formats. AB - 12 adults sought specific information in one of two flow diagrams illustrating the evolution of the dinosaur. One diagram showed the animals evolving from left to right, with a time scale at the top of the page. The other was reversed so that the animals evolved right to left with the time scale at the bottom. Observations of subjects' eye movements over four exposures to the diagrams suggested that those seeing the second diagram quickly developed a "reversed diagram" schema, which improved the accuracy with which they found the information. The successful completion of a three-step perceptual strategy was not affected by the reversal of the diagram. However, the absence of an accurate diagram schema delayed the strategy and led to incorrect responses. These results clarify the relationship among anticipatory schemata, perceptual strategy, and performance when seeking information in diagrams. PMID- 6664761 TI - Temporal correlates of discrimination learning. AB - The relationship between human temporal behavior and learning was investigated by means of an experimental design which measured temporal behavior using the methods of reproduction and production as possible correlates for a complex-form of discrimination-reversal learning. The results indicated that the method of reproduction is a temporal correlate of original learning and that the method of production is a temporal correlate of reversal learning. The theoretical explanations proposed for these results employed the mechanisms of conditioning, extinction, and stimulus generalization, the intervening variables of excitation and inhibition and the Pavlovian levels of behavioral organization of the first and second signalling systems. PMID- 6664762 TI - Ontogenesis of hemispheric specialization: apraxia associated with congenital left hemisphere lesions. AB - In adults apraxia is more common after left-hemisphere damage. The engram for control of skilled motor movements has therefore been considered a specialized function of the left hemisphere. The ontogenesis of motor control was studied in a group of prepubertal children with congenital unilateral hemispheric lesions. Left-hemisphere lesions caused greater impairment of rapid independent finger movements, suggesting that specialization for motor control is innately programmed in the left hemisphere. No subject evidenced apraxia to verbal command, but adult-like performance is not yet expected at the age the group was tested, and effects of side of lesion could appear later. PMID- 6664763 TI - Luminance level and onset sequence of a pre- and post-exposure adapting field affects recognition of masked and unmasked stimuli. AB - Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the luminance level of a pre-/post-exposure field and onset sequence of a post-exposure field on briefly exposed visual stimuli for 13 male and 13 female undergraduate college students. Results showed that identification of a briefly exposed informational test stimulus as well as masking effects (the minimum interval between an informational test stimulus and non-informational backward visual noise mask) were both influenced by the luminance of the pre-exposure field and onset sequence of the post-exposure field. PMID- 6664765 TI - Perceptual-motor attributes of normal school children: a factor analytic cross validation. PMID- 6664764 TI - Use of the SCL-90R to assess health care staff's perceptions of patients' psychological states. AB - Many patients admitted through an emergency room service manifest significant psychological disturbance. This study of over 200 patients suggests that emergency room physicians and nurses are unable to judge accurately either the degree or nature of a patient's psychological state. While emergency room staff appear sensitive to the need for such awareness and use reliable dimensions for rating patients' subjective states, these ratings do not conform with patients' reports. The results reflect the need for more intensive psychological training of busy emergency room staff. PMID- 6664766 TI - Influence of personal and academic experiences on formation of attitudes toward mentally retarded adults. AB - Attitudes toward mentally retarded adults of 135 students majoring in special education, education, and social work were studied. Educational and personal experiences having to do with mentally retarded adults were compared. Correlations were low to moderate for the personal and academic experiences of the three groups as well as with their attitudes toward mentally retarded adults. Differences in attitude could not be explained by statistically controlling any variables. PMID- 6664767 TI - Patterns of lateral preference: hand, eye, thumb and clapping. AB - The incidences of four lateral preferences were studied in a sample of 143 college students (81 women and 62 men). These were handedness defined by writing, eye dominance using the Asher technique, the upper thumb when hands are clasped, and the upper hand when hands are clapped. A computer program was developed to obtain the incidence of all patterns of these lateral traits seen in the sample and to indicate which occurred beyond the chance level. The strongest paired lateral concurrence was between handedness and clapping (76.9% for both sexes combined). Greater coherence was found between right preferences than left ones. PMID- 6664768 TI - Verbal factors in visual recognition memory of poor readers. AB - This study examined the role of verbal factors in visual learning and recognition of 36 good and 36 poor readers of normal intelligence. These second and third grade boys studied 3 sets of paired-associates in which pictorial stimuli were paired with letters, geometric designs, or abstract shapes. Recognition memory was assessed. Verbal factors measured were knowledge of names of letters and shapes, latency to label production, and verbal mediational strategies. Poor readers did not differ from good readers on any of the measures of verbal processing. Letters, geometric designs, and abstract shapes differed from one another on latency to production of labels or verbal codability. Poor readers performed significantly more poorly than good readers on the recognition task regardless of the codability of the stimuli. These findings are consistent with a perceptual deficit view of visual recognition problems of young boys who are poor readers. PMID- 6664769 TI - Premotor and motor reaction time as a function of force output. AB - The effects of variation in force output on fractionated reaction times (RTs) in elbow extension for 5 normal adults were examined. Force was manipulated by instructing the subject to respond with much or little force, and force output was measured by an accelerometer. Premotor RT increased with increased force output, indicating that organization of force for movement could affect not only the movement speed but the timing of its initiation. Motor RT became longer at manipulated force production than the control response, suggesting that motor RT was also influenced by the central processing of movement organization. The early electromyographic activities of the triceps brachii muscle were examined and discussed in relation to the production of force for initiation of movement. PMID- 6664770 TI - Reaction time as related to ball color. AB - The subjects were 32 college student volunteers all assessed to have normal or corrected normal visual abilities. Each subject reacted to each of five variously colored balls 100 times per day over a 2-day period. These balls randomly appeared at one of four locations in the subjects' visual field. Analysis indicated that the effect of color was nonsignificant. The location of stimuli was significant; faster reactions occurred at the locations closest to the subjects' point of fixation. PMID- 6664771 TI - Two forms of the Stroop test. AB - 16 subjects performed a conventional chart-form and a card-sorting form of the Stroop color-word interference test. Interference scores on the two forms were positively and significantly correlated, while neither word reading nor color naming scores showed a significant correlation. It is suggested that the 'Stroop effect' has some, but limited, generality and that forms not requiring verbal response may be more useful than the traditional chart version in providing a general measure of interference proneness. PMID- 6664772 TI - Estimation of time and the subclassification of schizophrenic disorders. AB - Estimation of short time intervals by 60 healthy subjects, 50 patients with schizophrenic disorders, and 8 with schizotypal personality disorders, was investigated using the three different methods, adjusting a metronome, verbal estimation, and operative estimation (production). The schizophrenic patients tended to over-estimate time with all three methods. Overestimation was also found when longer intervals were studied. Patients with different types of schizophrenic disorders, classified according to DSM-III criteria, over-estimated time about the same; no significant differences were found. Different courses of schizophrenia were also studied. Patients in remission over-estimated time to the same extent as chronic patients; the subchronic patients probably over-estimated less. Schizotypal personality disorders did not seem to be associated with a tendency to over-estimate short time intervals. The results were discussed in the context of perceptual disturbances in schizophrenic disorders. PMID- 6664773 TI - Geophysical variables and behavior: XIII. Comment on "Lunar phase and accident injuries": the dark side of the moon and lunar research. AB - Templer, Veleber, and Brooner in 1982 claimed that an excess number of injuries occur on nights with a full or new moon. In this note, we show that their claim is based upon trivial differences, on overlapping observations, possible violations of statistical assumptions, a failure to consider confounding between phases of the moon and days of the week when data cover short (6 mo. and 1 yr.) periods of time, and the possibility of an effect due to darkness during new moon nights. PMID- 6664774 TI - Hemispheric asymmetries in a signal detection task. AB - Reaction time and signal detection performance were measured during a 78-min. vigilance task. 12 right-handed male subjects served in two experimental sessions. Subjects focused on a central fixation point and responded to signals presented at unpredictable times in one of three locations: 2.5 degrees to right of central fixation, central, and 2.5 degrees to the left of center. Subjects decided whether to press a response key with either the left or right hand with each presentation. Over-all vigilance performance (signal detections and response time) was similar for left and right visual-field presentations. Evidence from reaction times indicated that responses controlled by the left hemisphere were faster to a verbal stimulus (T) while reactions controlled by the right hemisphere were faster to an apparent non-verbal stimulus, an inverted T. PMID- 6664775 TI - Sex differences in symbol reversals and reading achievement by first grade children. AB - The present results indicated no significant sex differences in symbol reversals and reading achievement by 115 first grade children. However, both these phenomena may be related in an as yet unexplained way. PMID- 6664776 TI - Analysis of WISC-R coding performance of normal and dyslexic readers. AB - WISC-R scores were examined for 25 normal readers and 25 dyslexic readers, with particular emphasis on the groups' performance on the Coding subtest. Subjects were also administered a series of experimental tasks assessing writing speed, copying speed, and recognition memory for the number/symbol associates of the Coding subtest. Dyslexics performed significantly more poorly than the normal readers on the Coding subtest and the writing speed task but showed no evidence of impaired memory for the number/symbol associates. These results are discussed in terms of their implication for profile analysis in general and in terms of their contribution to understanding the significance of the low Coding scores frequently observed among dyslexic readers. PMID- 6664777 TI - Interrupting visual feedback in writing. AB - To test the effects of interrupting visual feedback on writing, two groups of subjects--9 experienced and 9 inexperienced writers--were prevented from re reading as they produced written texts. Their texts were then analyzed for error, syntax, over-all quality, and sentence connectedness. While both groups of writers were able to produce relatively well-formed sentences when they could not re-read, both were nonetheless hindered at the level of discourse production. Each group, however, reacted to that hinderance with different linguistic strategies. PMID- 6664778 TI - Field-dependence and color discrimination ability in females. AB - Previous research has shown that field-independent males are very superior to field-dependent males in ability to discriminate colors. The research reported here examined the same relationship with females. 30 females were tested twice on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test. As predicted, field-independent females, as a group, performed significantly better on the task than did field-dependent females. PMID- 6664779 TI - Listeners' identification of human-imitated animal sounds. AB - To determine whether listeners can accurately identify human-imitated animal sounds, 20 speakers (10 females and 10 males) recorded their imitations of cows, cats, dogs, pigs, and sheep. These recordings were randomly arranged on a master tape and presented to 30 judges for identification. Analysis indicates that listeners can accurately identify various human-imitated animal sounds. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. PMID- 6664780 TI - Area of depictions versus insufficient transformations in volume judgments. AB - Two hypotheses about judgments of apparent volume of depicted objects were compared. One hypothesis was that the area of the depiction influences judgments. The alternative was that volume judgments are based on an incomplete transformation from the two-dimensional stimulus to the object "implied" by the drawing. 38 college undergraduates ranked 24 drawings of rectangular boxes according to apparent volume. Results strongly supported the incomplete transformation hypothesis. PMID- 6664781 TI - Lateral differences for person perception: effects of task on visual processing of handwriting. AB - Sergent and Bindra suggested that identification of faces using few different stimuli engages mainly the left hemisphere and, conversely, that discrimination of faces using more stimuli engages mainly the right hemisphere. The present study examined whether this suggestion holds for the perception of handwriting which, like faces, authorizes the perception of "persons". Normal adults were presented stimuli consisting of a word written in various hands, laterally displayed for 180 msec. Exp. 1 (identification) was conducted with 8 subjects, who were asked to identify (push-button) four different stimuli by means of an associated first name. Exp. 2 (discrimination) was conducted with 16 subjects who were asked to make same/different judgments between a central stimulus and a lateral one under three experimental conditions, normal, mirror-reversed, and inverted presentations of both members of the pair. The results suggest that the direction of asymmetry depends more on the amount of stimuli than on the task and that familiarity with the stimuli is an important variable. PMID- 6664782 TI - Automotive headlighting: effect of foreground illumination. AB - Described are studies of the relationship between the level of foreground illumination provided by automotive headlamps and the driver's eye-fixation pattern and ability to identify objects ahead of the car. Analysis indicates that the driver's eye fixations tended to move further from the car at high levels of foreground illumination. There were no differences in distance of target identification as a function of level of foreground illumination. PMID- 6664783 TI - Hand preference in an Italian sample. AB - A hand-preference questionnaire was administered to 1694 Italian adults. Analysis indicates no relationship of sex and handedness and a percentage of 6.4 left handers. The difference in percentage of left-handers across different populations is discussed in terms of cultural differences. PMID- 6664784 TI - Time estimation of a secondary event. AB - This study explored time estimation for a secondary event while the subjects were attentively engaged in a primary one. It also examined whether the perception of time is hemispherically lateralized as estimated by the dichotic listening technique. A tone of 500 Hz was delivered to either ear equally often while the subject was shadowing a recorded passage also presented to either ear. At the end of the tone, the subject estimated the tone's duration. There were three levels of shadowing demands, i.e., control, slow and fast, and four tonal durations, i.e., 6, 14, 27, 63 sec. Subjects tended to underestimate more the tonal duration when the primary task, i.e., shadowing the passage, was more demanding. No clearcut indication of hemispheric lateralization of temporal duration was found. PMID- 6664785 TI - Early intervention: a conflict of therapist and educator. AB - Given the motor problems of infants and young children who have cerebral palsy, increasing emphasis is being placed on early therapeutic strategies, such as neurodevelopmental treatment. Although the underlying rationale for neurodevelopmental treatment is the inhibition of abnormal motor development, this approach may in fact also limit the child's interaction with the environment, a prerequisite for subsequent intellectual development. There may be potential conflict for an interventionist who must make a decision between focusing on motoric gain for children with motor problems and facilitation of their cognitive development. PMID- 6664786 TI - Three recurring electromyographic biofeedback research problems and a laboratory model. AB - Exp. I investigated three recurring problems in electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback research. (1) Pre-knowledge that research involved biofeedback resulted in a selective bias on the part of students asked to volunteer as subjects. (2) EMG readings were not affected by repeated use of the word relax in verbal instructions. (3) The forearm extensor was the only muscle group which showed a statistically significant effect after one 20-min. training session. Exp. II challenged and clarified results of Exp. I and concluded the study with an empirically derived laboratory model for EMG biofeedback research. PMID- 6664787 TI - Comparison of reproductions of the Bender-Gestalt and memory-for-designs by delinquents and non-delinquents. PMID- 6664788 TI - Inspection of the Bayley Mental Scale test materials for potential hazards of choking, aspiration, and ingestion when used outside of test situation. AB - The test materials of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development were inspected for potential choking, aspiration, and ingestion hazards by unsupervised children under 36 mo. of age. When the small-parts test cylinder, defined by the Federal Code of Regulations, was used for the inspection, four pieces of test materials were judged too small: the doll with detached head, sugar pellets, the rabbit, and yellow cubes. PMID- 6664789 TI - Learning impairments following postnatal exposure to benzene. AB - Two groups of male hooded rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were administered 550 mg/kg of benzene in corn oil or pure corn oil on Days 9, 11, and 13 postpartum. When tested on problems of the Hebb-Williams closed-field maze-learning task, the rats previously exposed to benzene manifest significantly impaired learning ability when compared to control rats in the total number of error zones entered over the 12 test problems. No significant differences were found in food consumption, water consumption, or weight gain. Moreover, none of the overt manifestations characteristic of acute or chronic benzene exposure were observed. Learning deficits were exhibited at levels of exposure previously considered subtoxic. PMID- 6664790 TI - Effects of imagery ability and instructions on recall of information on spatial location. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ability to image visually and imagery instructions on recall of information on spatial locations. 18 high and 18 low visual-imagers reproduced six spatial locations in each of six conditions of reproduction: immediate reproduction, 10-sec., 20-sec., 30-sec., and 40-sec. unfilled retention intervals and a 30-sec. distraction condition in which subjects performed a competing visualization task. Half of the high and low visual-imagers received instructions to use visual imagery as a retention strategy, while the others received no instructions. Analysis indicated that high visual-imagers reproduced spatial locations with less error than low visual imagers. In addition, the distraction condition disrupted recall for all subjects. However, instructions for imagery did not influence recall. PMID- 6664791 TI - Sensitivity to proprioceptive feedback in obese subjects. AB - 40 subjects, 20 obese and 20 normal, were run on a weight-discrimination task requiring judgments dependent on proprioceptive feedback. A signal-detection analysis was used to separate sensory factors from non-sensory, response-bias factors in the analysis of the discriminations. Obese subjects were inferior to normals in ability to make sensory discriminations; the largest differences occurred between obese and normal males. Obese subjects also adopted a more strict criterion (beta); the largest differences again occurred for male subjects. Obese subjects showed more variability in their sensory judgments, although there was a significant difference on only one of the 5 discrimination tasks. Results are discussed in terms of the internal-external explanation of obesity. PMID- 6664792 TI - Godel's arithmetization procedure as the basis for a pattern recognition system: a nascent theory mapping pattern into number and number into phenomenal experience. AB - Prime numbers are used to code various dimensions of an input matrix (receptor surface), i.e., prime numbers code the position of each cell in the matrix, the position of each column and row constituted by the cells of the matrix, and the orientation of each such column or row. The coding permits any pattern or stimulus configuration to be changed into a single, unique number, viz., the serial product of the prime numbers which code the relevant dimensions of the pattern. Storage of a pattern is effected by storage of the serial product. By factoring the serial product, the pattern or stimulus configuration is analyzed into the dimensions (features) specified by the code. The factorization is also utilized in abstracting a schema, in approximating a feature count model, and in presenting a strategy for holistic vs sequential pattern processing. Finally, the relationship between the serial product representing a pattern and the phenomenal experience of a pattern is explored. PMID- 6664793 TI - Reported nightmare frequency in Swiss university students. AB - Collected data on nightmare recall in 60 Swiss university students (51 men; 9 women; mean age 25.8 yr.; SD = 2.9 yr.). 50% reported having experienced at least one nightmare in the last two years, 36.7% no nightmare within this time span, and 13.3% were unable to remember. PMID- 6664794 TI - Effects of hand preference on the sex difference in psychomotor reminiscence. AB - Psychomotor reminiscence was investigated in 80 young adults as a function of sex, handedness, and hand employed in practice. Women reminisced more than men when practice was conducted with the preferred hand but not when it was conducted with the other hand. Hand preference was not a significant factor in men's reminiscence. Results were discussed within the context of reactive inhibition theory. PMID- 6664795 TI - Comparison of headlamp visibility distance and stopping distance. AB - This report compares experimentally-obtained headlamp visibility distances with stopping distances from 88 km/hr. The results indicate that low-beam headlamps are inadequate for safely revealing low-contrast objects at legal driving speeds. PMID- 6664796 TI - Structure of communication and reports of involuntariness by hypnotic and nonhypnotic subjects. AB - We hypothesized that phrasing a communication to move the arm as either a suggestion, a directive, or an instruction would differentially affect subjects' interpretations of the movement. 45 hypnotic and 45 nonhypnotic subjects who responded positively to a suggestion tended to describe the movement as involuntary both on open-ended questionnaires and later on an explicit involuntariness scale. Subjects given a directive to move the arm, or an instruction to reach for a pencil, rarely described their experience as involuntary on the open-ended questionnaires but sometimes rated it as involuntary on the scale. The ratings of involuntariness by subjects given suggestions seem likely to reflect interpretations made concurrently with the movement suggested. However, such ratings by subjects given directives or instructions are likely to reflect retrospective interpretations cued by the instrument used to assess subjects' experiences. PMID- 6664797 TI - Finger misrepresentation and dyscalculia in an ecological context: toward an ecological (cultural) evolutionary neuro-psychiatry. AB - A new model posits the existence of a general link between ecological (cultural) factors and post-natally evolving cognitive functions and in particular the emergence of such functions in specific clusters. Such "ecological syndromes" are characteristic of a significant portion of a cultural group and analogous to syndromes found with certain brain lesions without implying them. Presently a specific link is noted between known low skills in arithmetic and as tested here, quantitatively inaccurate pictorial (and implied mental) representation of fingers in 78% of New Guineans and 70% of Indonesians living in remote areas, while only 16% of Western European regular school children (ages 7 to 10 yr.) misrepresented the fingers in drawing a person. Previously a link between low literacy skills and inaccurate spatial relations in representing the pattern of the face was found for diverse time periods and cultural groups. PMID- 6664798 TI - Visual perceptions and observations of an aphakic surgeon. AB - A surgeon analyzes his perception following removal of cataracts and repair of a retinal detachment. His conclusions are: aphakic eyes perceive ultraviolet light, the optic disc is perceived as a point rather than a space the size of the disc, a certain minimal similarity of light intensity on the two retinas is necessary for fusion of images, reduction telescopes can be made by a combination of contact lenses and trifocals which balance the image size in unilateral aphakia, the visual angle of cataract glasses may be only 56 degrees but is perceived as 90 degrees with a 22 degrees blind sector, a patient can observe the progress of his own cataract by looking through a pinhole, and the optimal prescription for contact lenses in aphakia is with acute vision provided at 75 cm. rather than at 5 or 6 m. PMID- 6664799 TI - Sensory process instruction with learning disabled children. AB - To determine whether the use of a teaching method geared to an individual learner's dominant perceptual modality would increase level of learning and the efficiency with which that level was achieved on a selected learning task 60 children (8 to 12 yr. old) were divided into three groups of 20 each based upon performance on two perceptual screening procedures. In the instructional phase the subject was given information to be mastered under the following three sensory modalities, Auditory-Vocal-Motor, a Visual-Vocal-Motor, and Combination channel. A two-way analysis of variance yielded significant main effects for training in the visual and combined conditions only. PMID- 6664800 TI - Competition trait anxiety in youth sport: differences according to age, sex, race and playing status. AB - Differences in competitive trait anxiety of 80 boy and 79 girl athletes participating in team-sport competition were examined on the basis of age, sex, race, and playing status (all star and playing substitute). While data did not show differences in sport competition trait anxiety according to age, sex, or race, all star athletes had significantly lower anxiety scores than playing substitutes. PMID- 6664801 TI - Effect of endurance training on perceived exertion and stress hormones in women. AB - Fifteen women (20- to 23-yr.-old), engaged in an intensive 6- to 8-wk. endurance running program, progressively increased distance from 20 miles during the first week to 50 miles during the fifth week and thereafter. Before (T1), during (T2), and after training (T3), submaximal treadmill runs of 1-hr. duration subdivided into three successive 20-min. segments were completed at approximately 60, 70, and 80% of maximal oxygen uptake, respectively. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were differentiated to obtain local (L), central (C), and over-all (O) responses during these 20-min. segments. Subjects rated the effort during the final 30 sec. of each 5-min. interval. Upon completion of each exercise segment, blood samples were drawn for analysis of lactate (Hla), epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) to determine the relationship between the differentiated RPEs and these stress markers. Endurance training significantly lowered central and over-all ratings of perceived exertion between T1 and T3 runs but no change occurred in the L-RPE responses to muscular and joint strain. Significant correlations between the stress markers and RPE pooled across sessions were observed during the three treadmill sessions (Hla vs L-RPE, eta = 0.68; E vs C RPE, eta = 0.54; and NE vs C-RPE, eta = 0.63). These findings indicate that central and over-all ratings of perceived exertion may be more readily influenced by intensive endurance training than local ratings. In addition, while lactate levels may be related to local ratings of perceived exertion, catecholamine levels appear to be associated with central ratings. PMID- 6664802 TI - Religious and mystical experiences as artifacts of temporal lobe function: a general hypothesis. AB - Mystical and religious experiences are hypothesized to be evoked by transient, electrical microseizures within deep structures of the temporal lobe. Although experiential details are affected by context and reinforcement history, basic themes reflect the inclusion of different amygdaloid-hippocampal structures and adjacent cortices. Whereas the unusual electrical coherence allows access to infantile memories of parents, a source of good expectations, specific stimulation evokes out-of-body experiences, space-time distortions, intense meaningfulness, and dreamy scenes. The species-specific similarities in temporal lobe properties enhance the homogeneity of cross-cultural experiences. They exist along a continuum that ranges from "early morning highs" to recurrent bouts of conversion and dominating religiosity. Predisposing factors include any biochemical or genetic factors that produce temporal lobe lability. A variety of precipitating stimuli provoke these experiences, but personal (life) crises and death bed conditions are optimal. These temporal lobe microseizures can be learned as responses to existential trauma because stimulation is of powerful intrinsic reward regions and reduction of death anxiety occurs. The implications of these transients as potent modifiers of human behavior are considered. PMID- 6664803 TI - Are test materials toys? A reply to Ridenour and Reid. PMID- 6664804 TI - Sensory storage of fragmentary displays. AB - A partial-report version of the Eriksen-Collins paradigm was devised to test iconic storage. The test lay in presenting arrays of 12 partial letters, one of which was randomly chosen for completion. Additional conditions checked whether the completed letters were legible and to what extent the completion fragments were guessable. Test sequences included dark or light inter-stimulus intervals and 4 different delay times, which had no significant effects. Analysis showed that subjects were no better able to report a synthesis of the first and second fragments than to guess the letters from separate fragments. A second experiment demonstrated some integration of successive single-letter presentations, although subjects apparently do not have iconic access to full arrays of letter fragments. PMID- 6664805 TI - Stimulus range, number of categories, and the "virtual" exponent. PMID- 6664806 TI - The relation between proximity and brightness similarity in dot patterns. PMID- 6664807 TI - Hemispheric differences for semantically and phonologically primed nouns: a tachistoscopic study in normals. PMID- 6664808 TI - Accommodation fatigue and dark focus: the effects of accommodation-free visual work as assessed by two psychophysical methods. PMID- 6664809 TI - Duration discrimination of empty time intervals marked by intermodal pulses. PMID- 6664810 TI - McCollough effect acquisition depends on duration of exposure to inducing stimuli, not number of stimulus presentations. PMID- 6664811 TI - Further evidence against the classical conditioning model of McCollough effects. PMID- 6664812 TI - Pattern discrimination in the near-ultraviolet by pigeons. PMID- 6664813 TI - Auditory and phonetic processes in place perception for stops. PMID- 6664814 TI - Composition rule for perceived duration of simultaneous events. PMID- 6664815 TI - Processing times for English and Chinese words. PMID- 6664817 TI - Auditory perception of dissonant polyrhythms. PMID- 6664816 TI - Symmetry and similarity effects in the comparison of visual patterns. PMID- 6664818 TI - The role of mental computations in judgments of area and volume. PMID- 6664819 TI - Does stereopsis have a fusional component? PMID- 6664820 TI - Do evacuated blood collection tubes interfere with therapeutic drug monitoring? AB - The influence of various brands of evacuated blood collection systems (the old type, red stoppered Vacutainer; the new type, blue stoppered Vacutainer; Monoject and Venoject) on therapeutic drug monitoring was investigated. No interferences were found in the assay of ethosuximide, phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid, digitoxin, digoxin, procainamide, gentamicin and theophylline. Using Monoject and old type Vacutainer tubes, lower levels were found in the disopyramide assay: 91.3 +/- 4.6% (p less than 0.05) and 91.7 +/- 7.0% (not significant) respectively, and in the quinidine assay: 82.8 +/- 6.7% (p less than 0.02) and 83.9 +/- 4.4% (p less than 0.001) respectively as compared with glass tubes. In the carbamazepine assay a decrease was found in the Monoject tubes only: 93.7 +/- 1.7% (p less than 0.01). The stoppers of Monoject tubes and the old type Vacutainer tubes contained the plasticizer tris-(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate (TBEP), which has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of the binding of several drugs to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Using the new type Vacutainer and the Venoject, no interferences were found. PMID- 6664821 TI - The kinetics of the enzymatic O-methylation of catechols and catecholamines. AB - The enzymatic O-methylation of twelve catecholamines and two catechols was studied. From initial reaction rates Km and Vmax were determined. Under the reaction conditions applied the enzymatic O-methylation appears to be first order in the concentration of catechol(amine). For all twelve catecholamines and the two catechols the Km and Vmax based on initial reaction rates are equal to those from the ln(c/co) plots (= first-order kinetics). This fact and the variation of kobs (reaction rate constant in the first-order kinetics) with the starting concentration comply with the formulae derived for these kinetics. The variation of kobs is caused by product inhibition. From the formulae it follows that Ki (inhibition constant) = Km; this is confirmed by the experimental data. The polarity of the compounds seems to contribute to the reaction rate at low substrate concentration; the linear relationship between this value and log D may support an apolar region in the binding part of catechol-O-methyltransferase, without denying other contributing factors. PMID- 6664822 TI - Synthesis, physical properties and microbiological activities of more water soluble silver sulfadiazine derivatives. AB - In this study the preparation of five hydrophilic derivatives of sulfadiazine is reported. The common structural element in the compounds is the 2 sulfonamidopyrimidine moiety. Three of these compounds are suitable for the preparation of a photostable I: I silver compound. These silver compounds are five to ten times more water soluble than silver sulfadiazine. The IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR data point to a similar co-ordination of silver in these compounds as with silver sulfadiazine. The microbiological activity of these silver compounds against St. aureus is slightly lower. PMID- 6664823 TI - Assay of midazolam and brotizolam in plasma by a gas chromatographic and a radioreceptor technique. AB - A gas chromatographic method (GLC) using a capillary column, electron capture (EC) detection and a solid injection system for the determination of midazolam and brotizolam in plasma is described. Furthermore, the application of a radioreceptor technique (RRA), using a dry and stable benzodiazepine receptor preparation and 3H-flunitrazepam as a labelled ligand for the assay of both drugs is presented. A comparison was made between the RRA and the GLC method. For the gas chromatographic method, linear calibration graphs (r greater than 0.995) was obtained in the range of 0.1 -0.5 ng of brotizalam, and 1.0-5.0 ng of midazolam. Differences between duplicates were less than 8%. The relative affinity of the 1 hydroxymethyl and 4-hydroxy metabolites of brotizolam and midazolam were 0.33 and 0.14 respectively for brotizolam and 0.64 and 0.23 for midazolam. Extraction yields of parents drugs and metabolites were similar. Application of the methods to pharmacokinetic studies of the drugs indicated that they were sufficiently sensitive to measure plasma concentrations for at least three times the elimination half-lives. There was a good correlation between results obtained with the gas chromatographic method and those obtained with the receptor technique. Correlation coefficients were 0.94 (based on 37 samples) for brotizolam and 0.99 (based on on 33 samples) for midazolam, and there were no significant differences between pharmacokinetic parameters obtained with the two methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6664824 TI - Plasma indomethacin assay by reversed-phase ion pair high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - A new rapid, selective and sensitive high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for indomethacin in plasma is described. The method involves precipitation of proteins with perchloric acid, followed by dichloromethane extraction using flurbiprofen as an internal standard. The organic solvent was evaporated and the residue dissolved in a water-methanol (2 + 3) phosphate buffer mixture with an apparent pH of 6.8. Aliquots of 100 microliters were injected automatically into the chromatograph. The separation of indomethacin was achieved on a reversed phase (C18, 10 micron) column with a mobile phase consisting of 65% (vol/vol) methanol in water solution of apparent pH 6.8 containing tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate as an ion pairing agent. Quantitation of indomethacin was performed by UV detection at 235 nm. At a 2.0 mg X l-1 concentration of indomethacin in plasma the analytical recovery was 82.9 +/- 3.4% (n = 7), the intra-day variability (CV) was 3.6% (n = 7) and the inter-day variability (CV) was 11.0% (n = 7). The calibration curve was linear (typical r-values greater than 0.990) in the range of plasma concentrations as usually found during indomethacin therapy (up to 6 mg X l-1). The limit of sensitivity is 0.025 mg X l 1. The metabolites O-desmethylindomethacin and O desmethyldeschlorobenzoylindomethacin did not interfere with the method. The capacity of an analyst using this method with automated injection and peak integration is about forty samples in duplicate per day. The applicability of the method for pharmacokinetic studies is demonstrated. PMID- 6664825 TI - Determination of formation constants of copper(II) complexes of Adler medium components with a solid-state copper(II) ion-selective electrode. AB - A general method for the determination of overall conditional formation constants of copper(II) complexes of mycoplasma growth medium (Adler) constituents together with the protonation constants of the complexing ligands was developed. In Adler medium a total of 0.204 +/- 0.004 molar copper binding sites proved to be present with log beta 2 = 8.14 +/- 0.05 (mu = 0.11) and log Ka = 6.14 +/- 0.004. Conditional overall formation constants were calculated at various pH values. Free copper(II) ion concentrations were calculated as a function of the total added amount of copper(II) and pH. The consequences of these findings for the determination of the growth inhibition of mycoplasmas by copper complexes of 2,2' bipyridyl analogues are stressed. PMID- 6664826 TI - Computer modelling of the binding of non-selective ligands to biological receptors. AB - The application of common linearization methods (log-probit analysis or Hill plot transformation) to the evaluation of receptor binding experiments leads to serious errors, if the ligands used possess insufficient receptor selectivity. The use of simultaneous non-linear curve-fitting procedures in this case is recommended and illustrated. PMID- 6664827 TI - Time course of aldosterone and corticosterone plasma levels in rats during general anaesthesia and abdominal surgery. AB - The transepithelial voltage (psi ms) of rat rectum in vivo increases for several hours in experiments under general anaesthesia. So far this was attributed by indirect evidence to increasing aldosterone plasma levels during the course of the experiment. We performed direct measurements of aldosterone and corticosterone plasma concentrations during intestinal perfusion experiments on barbiturate anaesthetized rats. Experiments were terminated for blood sampling at 10, 75, 300, 400, 800, or 1,800 min, respectively. (i) After 75 min of anaesthesia, surgical preparation was finished and plasma levels of aldosterone and of corticosterone were found increased by the factors 5 and 3, respectively, as compared to conscious controls. (ii) During the following 12 h, aldosterone further increased to levels 10 times as high as those of controls. In contrast, during the same period corticosterone slowly decreased but still remained elevated as compared to controls. (iii) The increase of both hormones was attenuated when abdominal surgery was omitted. (iv) The use of pentobarbital (Nembutal) instead of thiobarbital (Inactin) did not influence the adrenal response. (v) In adrenalectomized rats a continuous substitution with 65 ng X h-1 X kg-1 BWT aldosterone resulted in plasma levels as high as in conscious intact animals. (vi) Rectal psi ms started to move to higher lumen-negative values with a time delay of 1-1 1/2 h as compared with the increase of hormone levels. psi ms then stayed elevated until to the end of the experiments. We conclude that in vivo experiments of several hours duration in thio- or pentobarbital anaesthetized rats take place under conditions of aldosterone and corticosterone plasma levels which are high as compared to those of conscious unstressed animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6664828 TI - The intracellular chloride activity of rat kidney proximal tubular cells. AB - The intracellular Cl- activity was determined in rat kidney proximal tubular cells in vivo, using single-barreled Cl- sensitive microelectrodes filled with Corning no. 477913 liquid ion exchanger resin to measure VCl and using - in separate experiments - conventional KCl-filled microelectrodes to measure the membrane potential, Vm. After correction for interference from other anions on VCl the intracellular Cl- activity averaged 13.1 mmol X l-1 SD +/- 4.5 mmol X l-1 (n = 96). This value is approximately two-fold higher than the intracellular equilibrium activity which can be calculated from the extracellular Cl- activity of 90-103 mmol X l-1 and Vm of -71.2 mV, SD +/- 4.9 mV (n = 23) to amount to 6.3 to 6.7 mmol X l-1. Since both cell membranes are permeable for Cl- ions, as concluded from luminal and/or peritubular Cl- substitution experiments, we conclude that the cellular Cl- accumulation above equilibrium results from transcellular active Cl- transport, the detailed mechanism of which is presently not known. From the slow decline of intracellular Cl- concentration after substitution of luminal Cl- by gluconate, however, we deduce that transcellular Cl- absorption is of minor importance in surface tubules of rat kidney under free flow and that the major part of transtubular Cl- flux is passive and paracellular. PMID- 6664829 TI - A comparison of micropuncture and lithium clearance methods in the assessment of renal tubular function in rats with diabetes insipidus. AB - The lithium clearance technique has been proposed as a non-invasive method whereby fluid delivery from the pars recta and pars convoluta of proximal tubules can be measured as CLi and CIN [0.78 CLi/CIN + 0.22], respectively [12], CLi being the clearance of lithium and CIN that of inulin. In the present study, fluid delivery from proximal tubules was estimated simultaneously by micropuncture and lithium clearance techniques in anaesthetized Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus, under control conditions and following chronic treatment with hydrochlorothiazide. Absolute deliveries from the proximal convoluted tubules as determined by the micropuncture and lithium clearance methods were 437 and 427 microliter/min, respectively, in untreated animals and 348 and 355 microliter/min, respectively, in thiazide-treated animals. The individual results obtained by the two methods showed a high degree of correlation (r = 0.85, P less than 0.001). In untreated Brattleboro rats, proximal fluid delivery as estimated by both the micropuncture and lithium clearance techniques showed significant (P less than 0.001) correlations with urine flow rate. These results provide further evidence for the acceptance of lithium clearance as a valid estimate of proximal tubular fluid delivery. PMID- 6664830 TI - Influence of muscle architecture on the length-force diagram of mammalian muscle. AB - The functions and geometrical characteristics of a pennate and a parallel-fibered muscle in rats are quantified and compared to each other. The pennate medial gastrocnemius and the more parallel fibered semimembranosus are investigated in fourteen male Wistar rats. The length force diagram, twitch time characteristics and muscle architecture are quantified. In the parallel fibered semimembranosus the length of the muscle fibres is about 70% of the muscle optimum length (the length at which the muscle performs maximal active force), while in the pennate fibered gastrocnemius the length of the muscle fibres is 36% of the muscle optimum length. The active length force diagrams normalized with respect to the muscle optimum length show considerable differences between semimembranosus and gastrocnemius: The normalized active length force diagram runs from about 71% 129% of the muscle optimum length for the semimembranosus and from about 82-118% for the gastrocnemius. The latter muscle also has a steeper normalized passive length force curve and produces more active tetanic force per gram muscle (877 g/g for gastrocnemius versus 379 g/g for semimembranosus). No differences between the semimembranosus and gastrocnemius are found with respect to the passive tension at twitch optimum length (38 g/cm2 versus 32 g/cm2), the maximal active tension (1.27 kg/cm2 versus 1.18 kg/cm2) and the twitch contraction time at twitch optimum length (43.8 ms versus 48.4 ms). It is concluded that several functional characteristics show a linear relationship with the index of architecture, a measure for the muscle architecture, while others (especially time and tension characteristics) are independent of muscle architecture. PMID- 6664831 TI - Changes of collateral perfusion pressure and segmental coronary resistances during reactive hyperemia in anesthetized dogs. AB - Changes of collateral perfusion pressure (CPP) and segmental coronary resistances during reactive hyperemia were studied in nine chloralose-urethan-morphine anesthetized open-chest dogs. Coronary perfusion pressure was controlled by a cannula in the left main coronary artery and inflow measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter. The first or second diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery was cannulated and perfused from a carotid artery; inflow was abolished by embolization with latex microspheres (diameter: 25 +/- 5 mu) and peripheral coronary pressure was assumed to represent CPP. Segmental coronary resistances were defined as follows: Proximal coronary resistance (R1) was calculated from the difference between coronary perfusion pressure and CPP divided by coronary inflow. Distal coronary resistance (R2) was calculated from CPP divided by coronary inflow. Reactive hyperemia was produced by interruption of coronary inflow for 15 s and analysed at 30 s and 60 s of reperfusion when cardiac function had recovered. At baseline, R1 was 0.52 +/- 0.04 mm Hg X min X 100 g/ml (RU) and R2 0.63 +/- 0.07 RU. At 30 s, R1 was reduced by 19 +/- 3% (P less than 0.01) this was less (P less than 0.05) than R2 which was reduced by 32 +/- 3% (P less than 0.01). At 60 s R1 and R2 were reduced by 11 +/- 2% and 13 +/- 2%, respectively; this was not significantly different. Accordingly, CPP (baseline: 59 +/- 4 mm Hg) at 30 s was reduced by 7 +/- 2% (P less than 0.03), at 60 s the reduction was not significant. The data suggest that reactive hyperemia, as a model of metabolic coronary dilatation, may reduce CPP equivalent to a coronary steal phenomenon. PMID- 6664832 TI - Effects of cross reinnervation on the energetics of rat skeletal muscle. AB - Experiments were carried out to investigate the changes which occur in the energy production of cross reinnervated fast and slow twitch skeletal muscles. Rat soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were used in myothermic experiments. It was found that the energy production of cross reinnervated skeletal muscle is largely determined by the source of the nervous innervation; as are the dynamic and histological properties of mammalian skeletal muscle. There was an increase in the energy production of crossed soleus muscle and a concomitant reduction in the energy production of crossed EDL. The changes observed correlated well with the measured changes in the force-velocity properties. PMID- 6664833 TI - Human cerebral potentials and visuomotor learning. AB - Cortical potentials during visuomotor learning were investigated in man using two hand tracking tasks: (i) direct tracking (T) and (ii) inverted (mirror) tracking (IT). Negative cerebral potentials were higher during the IT task over several cortical areas but in particular over the supplementary motor area (SMA). The acquisition of motor skill as measured in the IT task, was highly correlated with the enhancement of the negative potential. This correlation only held for the frontolateral and frontomedial cortex including the SMA but not for the other electrodes. PMID- 6664834 TI - [Echography in tumor pathology of the spleen: limitations and perspectives]. AB - The authors review the symptomatology of splenic tumor pathologies in connection with 93 personal observations (71 non-Hodgkin lymphomas, 12 Hodgkin's disease, 6 metastases, 3 epidermoid cysts, 1 angioma). Nodular forms were observed in 31.2% of the cases reviewed. In most cases of lymphoma, the ultrasonographic finding was a homogeneous splenomegaly. The possibility of false negatives for splenic involvement in lymphomas when spleen volume is normal has led certain authors to suggest fine needle puncture of the spleen under ultrasonographic guidance. Such procedures are unnecessary if ultrasonography has detected an obvious lesion such as multinodular involvement of homogeneous splenomegaly. However, this moderately traumatic technique can provide valuable information until such time as ultrasonic tissue characterization has proven itself in vivo. PMID- 6664835 TI - [Non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with a relapse of Hodgkin's disease]. AB - We report the case of a patient treated for Hodgkin's disease (stage IIIEA) by combination of chemotherapy (MOPP regimen) and total nodal irradiation. Five months after the completion of radiotherapy the patient presented with a relapse of his Hodgkin's disease and simultaneous occurrence of diffuse non Hodgkin's lymphoma in a different lymph node territory. The relationship between these two malignancies is discussed and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 6664836 TI - [Stimulation of mitotic activity of bone marrow cells in an acute inflammatory reaction. Implication of serum factors]. AB - A nonspecific acute inflammatory reaction, induced in mice by an intrapleural injection of dextran, is able to increase, in vivo, the mitotic index of bone marrow cells. The transfer of this phenomenon to normal mice can be obtained by the injection of pure or diluted sera from animals developing an acute non specific inflammation. This activity may also be found in the serum of normal mice but at a much lower level. The stimulatory activity is also observable in vitro when bone marrow cells are incubated with inflammatory serum. This activity is recoverable after ultrafiltration in the fraction less than 10 000 daltons. These results suggest the existence in sera of stimulating factors for hematopoiesis and furthermore that these stimulatory activities are increased during the process of inflammation. PMID- 6664837 TI - [Double heterozygote hemoglobin D/B0 thalassemia. Report of 3 cases in a Portuguese family]. AB - The first Portuguese cases of a combination of Hb D and B0 thalassaemia are reported. The structure of the Hb variant was identified as Hb D Los Angeles, Punjab, Chicago, Portugal. The cases reported belong to one family living in the south of the country: a woman and her two sons. Twice, in two different generations, women with a Hb D gene, married men with B0 thalassaemia trait. The hypochromic and microcytic red cell morphology in the propositi have been the first abnormalities for subsequent investigations. PMID- 6664838 TI - [Blood in the classical languages]. AB - In the linguistic area which is traditionally called "Indo-European", there are many words for "blood". The first recorded, as early as the second millenary B.C., has survived in Greek as a fossil (ear), as a ghost in archaic Latin (assir): the Hittite form is eshhar, the Sanskrit one asrk. The Greek haima, to judge by the group of morphologically analogous words, referred to a religious or mysterious nature allotted to the blood. The Latin sanguis contains the same element sans- as in sanies "corrupted blood", which is perhaps connected with assir. The Latin cruor is correctly the blood out of the body, running from wounds; words of the same origin are usual in various Indo-European languages with the meaning either of "blood" or "bloody flesh", with adjectives oriented towards the idea of "cruelty". The origin of Teutonic Blut (blood) is unknown. PMID- 6664839 TI - Eleventh symposium on nucleic acids chemistry held in Tokyo, Japan, November 1st 2nd, 1983. PMID- 6664840 TI - alpha-Oxyalkylation and alpha-amidoalkylation of nebularine tri-O-benzoate via homolytic processes. AB - A series of new purine ribonucleoside derivatives having oxyalkyl or amidoalkyl functionality at the 6-position have been synthesized from nebularine tri-O benzoate by Miniscitype homolytic processes using ammonium persulfate as the radical initiator. PMID- 6664841 TI - A new, convenient method for determining T residues in chemical DNA sequencing by using photoreaction with spermine. AB - Irradiation of 3'-[32p]-labeled DNA fragments with 254-nm light in the presence of spermine resulted in a T specific cleavage of the DNA chain without piperidine treatment. In the presence of methylamine G + T reactions (G greater than T) were observed under the same irradiation conditions. The T reaction with spermine and the G greater than reaction with methylamine may be combined with the standard Maxam-Gilbert's C + T reaction to provide confirmatory determination of DNA sequences. PMID- 6664842 TI - Relationship between adenylate cytokinin production and Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. AB - To know whether the tumor-inducing plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens carries genetic information of the biosynthesis of cytokinins, the levels of 6-(3-methyl 2-butenyl-amino)purine (iPAde) and its 4-hydroxy derivative trans-zeatin (trans Z) and its p-beta-D-ribofuranoside (trans-ZR) produced in media by wild-type virulent strain, plasmid-cured avirulent strain and the deletion mutant were compared. The highest levels of iPAde and trans-Z were found in the culture filtrate of late-log phase growth of plasmid-containing virulent strain, then the levels of iPAde and trans-Z were reduced rapidly at stationary phase. The plasmid cured avirulent strain and deletion mutant had low levels of iPAde and trans-Z throughout the growth. Results obtained here showed Ti plasmid plays an important role in cytokinin biosynthesis. PMID- 6664843 TI - Inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase by purine nucleoside analogues. AB - To find out potent inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHase), several deazaadenosine analogues synthesized in this laboratory and some naturally occurring nucleoside analogues were examined with SAHases from yellow lupin seeds and rabbit liver. Neplanocin A, an antibiotic, inhibited both enzymes more potently than aristeromycin which was also an antibiotic and known as one of the most potent inhibitors of SAHase. The 3-deazaadenine derivatives (2'-deoxy, arabinosyl, xylosyl) inactivated lupin SAHase as potent as 3-deazaadenosine. Whereas, inhibitory activities of 1-deazaadenosine, its derivatives, and 7 deazaadenosine (tubercidin) were very weak. PMID- 6664844 TI - Inhibition of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase by (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2' deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate. AB - (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate (BVdUTP), known as a specific inhibitor of herpes simplex virus (type 1)-DNA polymerase, was found to be a potent inhibitor of the activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) from calf thymus. BVdUTP was not an efficient substrate of TdT, but it inhibited the incorporation of normal deoxynucleotide substrates in competitive fashion at the nucleotide binding site of TdT molecule. The Ki value for BVdUTP (5 microM) was much less than the Km value for dGTP (83 microM), indicating stronger affinity of the inhibitor to TdT than that of the substrate. These results indicate the usefulness of BVdUTP as a potent inhibitor of TdT for elucidation of the reaction mechanism of this enzyme. PMID- 6664845 TI - Determination of structure and absolute configuration of a new modified nucleoside isolated from tRNA-2Gly of Bombyx mori by a total synthesis to be 5-(S carboxy(hydroxy)methyl) uridine. AB - A synthesis of a new modified nucleoside isolated from tRNA2Gly of Bombyx mori was accomplished. This synthesis confirmed its structure and proved its absolute configuration to be 5-(S-carboxy(hydroxy)methyl)uridine. PMID- 6664846 TI - Synthesis of diazaphenoxathiin nucleosides from 3-deazauridine and their chemical properties. AB - New method for a synthesis of diazaphenoxathiin skeleton from 3-deazauracil derivatives is reported. It became possible to convert 3-deazauridine to 3 deazacytidine via an excellent intermediate "diazaphenoxathiin sulfoxide derivative". PMID- 6664847 TI - Thermal and Mg2+ dependent behavior of pseudouridines at 39th and 55th of yeast tRNAPhe. AB - Pseudouridine psi 55 alone and both psi 55 and psi 39 in yeast tRNAPhe are selectively modified with fluorescent reagent of 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin (BMC). The change of fluorescence intensity was measured as a function of temperature and Mg2+ concentration. Fluorescent quenching shows the stacked and unstacked forms of Y base, dependent on Mg2+ concentration. In contrast, Mg2+ had no effect on psi 55-BMC in T psi C loop at 20 degrees C. Fluorescence on titrating Mg2+ exhibited a kind of Mg2+-induced structural collapse at the corner of L-structure. The melting of psi 55-BMC takes place at 70 degrees C in 10mM Mg2+. At very low Mg2+ concentration, melting takes place at 35 degrees C. The melting of psi 39-BMC, located near the anticodon loop, was observed before the unfolding of the whole structure of tRNAPhe. A conformational transition of the anticodon loop takes place at a lower temperature and it is also expected in the quenching experiment of Y base. PMID- 6664848 TI - Theoretical and experimental approach to recognition of amino acid by tRNA. AB - The C4N model concludes that the pocket on the complex of the anticodon bases and the discriminator base on a tRNA can accept the corresponding protein amino acid. A theoretical molecular computation by using the energy minimum principle is carried out to find the energy-refined C4N conformation. The results for Gln and Val suggest that not only the lock and key relationship but the induced fitting effect occurs. Some experiments to detect the interaction between the polynucleotides and the amino acid are being attempted. PMID- 6664849 TI - A novel acid ribonuclease from white-spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis): purification and characterization of the homogeneous enzyme. AB - An novel acid ribonuclease has been purified approx. 1300 fold from acid extract of developing white-spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis) testes. The final preparation of the enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The molecular weight was determined to be 20,000 with both Sephadex gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was determined to be 6.4 and the hydrolytic activity was stimulated with low concentration of phosphate. The enzyme has an optimal pH at 5.5 and hydrolyzed yeast RNA and several synthetic homopolyribonucleotides. Under appropriate conditions, the enzyme hydrolyzed substrates, yeast RNA, poly (I), poly (A) and poly (U), in a ratio of 100:900:30:20, respectively. However, poly (C) could not be hydrolyzed under any conditions tested so far. Yeast RNA was hydrolyzed into monoto pentanucleotides. The range of substrate-specificity of this enzyme will be discussed on the basis of the analysis of these products. PMID- 6664850 TI - Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. AB - Thermostable aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases specific to Val, Ile, Met and Glu were purified from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. As for the subunit compositions and molecular weights, these four aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are similar to the corresponding enzymes from E. coli and B. stearothermophilus. Val-tRNA, Ile-tRNA and Met-tRNA synthetases from T. thermophilus have two tightly bound zinc ions, whereas Glu-tRNA synthetase does not. The amino acid compositions and secondary structures of Val-tRNA, Ile-tRNA and Met-tRNA synthetases are quite similar to one another. The conformational transition involving the anticodon of E. coli tRNAGlu as complexed with Glu-tRNA synthetase from T. thermophilus is necessary for the aminoacylation activity. PMID- 6664851 TI - Chemical modification of 5S and 4.5S rRNAs in situ in spinach chloroplast ribosomes. AB - Spinach chloroplast ribosomes and 50S subunits were reacted with diethylpyrocarbonate under conditions in which their gross structures can be maintained. 5S and 4.5S rRNAs were isolated from such modified particles and the modified adenine residues of these rRNAs were identified by using gel sequencing method. The accessible sites of 5S rRNA in 50S subunits to the reagent were found to be A15, A40 and A89 and that of 5S rRNA in whole ribosomes was restricted to A89. In the case of 4.5S rRNA, A33 was exclusively modified in ribosomes or 50S subunits. PMID- 6664852 TI - Chemical modification of adenine residues in mouse 5S rRNA with monoperphthalate: the secondary structure of 5S rRNA. AB - The chemical modification of adenine residues in mouse 5S rRNA with monoperphthalate was carried out to investigate the higher ordered structure of 5S rRNA. The adenine residues at positions 11, 22 (or/and 23), 49 (or/and 50), 54 (or/and 55), 77, 83, 88, 90 and 100 (or/and 101) were modified. This result further confirmed the secondary structure of 5S rRNA constituted of 5 helices and 5 loops postulated by other chemical modifications. PMID- 6664853 TI - Hydroxylation of the C-8 position of deoxyguanosine by reducing agents in the presence of oxygen. AB - The C-8 position of deoxyguanosine was hydroxylated by various reducing agents in the presence of oxygen in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) at 37 degrees C. As reducing agents, ascorbic acid, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, sodium bisulfite and dihydroxymaleic acid were used. Metal powder (Fe, Ni) or metalethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) complex (FeII-EDTA, TiIII-EDTA) was also effective for the hydroxylation reaction in the presence of oxygen. Guanine residues in calf thymus DNA were also modified by these reagents. The possible biological significance of the hydroxylation of guanine residue in DNA in relation to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis is discussed. PMID- 6664854 TI - Photoreaction of poly(amino acid)s containing thymine moieties as side groups. AB - The photodimerization reaction of thymine bases in poly-D,-L,and -DL-lysine and isopoly-L-lysine derivatives containing thymine bases was studied over a wide range of pH in aqueous buffered solution. It was found that the quantum yield of the intramolecular photodimerization of grafted thymine bases was affected by the conformation of the polymer in solution: alpha-helix or random coil. And the helical conformation was found to be favorable to cause the photodimerization of thymine bases. The photodimerization of the grafted thymine bases in poly-D, and L-lysine derivatives caused to increase of the helix content of the poly-lysines, because the photodimer of thymine bases fixed alpha-helix of the polymer main chain. PMID- 6664855 TI - A study aimed at synthesis of long-bridged pyrimidine cyclonucleosides. AB - Synthesis of some 2,3'-aminimino and 2,3'-N alpha, N beta-dimethylhydrazo uracil cyclonucleosides are reported as part of our recent program to expand the range of the model conformations of cyclonucleosides. 1a with monoacetate of hydrazine or of methyl-hydrazine gave 2,3'-aminimino- (3a) or 2,3'-methylaminimino-1-(5'-O benzoyl-beta-D-lyxofuranosyl) uracil (3b) in a fair yield. 1a with diluted free bases also gave 3a,b. These were converted into the deprotected forms (4a,b). On the other hand, reaction of 1a with monoacetate of N alpha, N beta dimethylhydrazine gave 2,3'-N alpha, N beta-dimethylhydrazo-1-beta-D lyxofuranosyluracil (6) and its 5'-O-benzoyl derivative (5). 6 is more conveniently obtainable from the deprotected 2,2'-anhydronucleoside 7. PMID- 6664856 TI - Synthesis of model compounds for the interaction between modified nucleic acid bases. AB - In order to study the stacking interaction of modified nucleic acid bases, which is assumed to be responsible for the anomalous thermostability of thermophile tRNA, several model compounds 1-6 are synthesized. On the basis of their hypochromicities, the interaction between bases are discussed. PMID- 6664857 TI - Interaction of N6-substituted-9-methyladenines to poly-5-bromouridylic acid. AB - Interaction of N6-methyl-9-methyladenine (m6m9A) to poly-5-bromouridylic acid (poly(BU] was investigated. The stoichiometry of interaction was determined to be 1 m6A:2 BU by equilibrium dialysis. Structural information was obtained from circular dichroism and absorption spectra and a similarity of the structure to the corresponding polymer complex was suggested. Thermodynamic parameters of the interaction was calculated from dependence of TmS on the monomer concentration and compared to those from calorimetric measurements. N6-(delta 2-Isopentenyl) - and N6-allyl-9-methyladenine were also examined of the binding to poly(BU). PMID- 6664858 TI - NMR, CD and UV studies of 2'-5' and 3'-5' linked oligoadenylates. AB - Various oligoadenylic acids bearing 3'-5' and 2'-5' internucleotidic linkages were studied by NMR, CD, UV and chromatography. Structural features of the oligoadenylic acids are discussed based on the spectral and chromatographic data. PMID- 6664860 TI - Humidity dependence of the 31P solid-state NMR spectra of DNA fibers. PMID- 6664859 TI - Difference of the 2',5'-oligoadenylate and the 3',5'-oligoadenylate in the formation of base pairings. AB - The 2',5'-oligoadenylates (tetramer, pentamer, and hexamer) were synthesized and their structural properties were compared with the corresponding 3',5' oligoadenylates. Stacking effect observed with the 2',5'-oligoadenylates was weaker than that observed with the corresponding 3',5'-oligo-adenylates. With two polyuridylate (3',5') strands, a 2',5'-hexaadenylate formed a triple strand only in the presence of Mg++ion at room temperature, while a 3',5'-hexaadenylate did even without Mg++ion. PMID- 6664861 TI - Secondary ion mass spectrometry: the scope and limitations in structural analysis of oligoribonucleotides. AB - Applicability of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for structural analysis of oligoribonucleotides was studied. For this purpose a number of oligoribonucleotides having various base sequences, chain lengths, and internucleotide linkages were prepared, and their positive ion SIMS spectra were recorded without derivatization. The soft ionization produced ions possessing relatively low internal energies which underwent little fragmentation, so that both pseudo-molecular and sequence (fragment) ions were observed, the former being more abundant than the latter. Nevertheless, sufficient information can be obtained to elucidate the structure of oligoribonucleotides. Thus SIMS can be used as a useful method for structural analysis of a wide variety of oligoribonucleotides. PMID- 6664862 TI - Flexibility and rigidity of left-handed Z-DNA. AB - The local variation of torsional angles and helical parameters in Z-DNA was analyzed. The sugar phosphate backbone is fairly rigid but the angles at GpC linkage are more changeable than those at CpG linkage in order to form a variety of structures. The water channel at minor groove is important to stabilize and retain the novel Z-DNA helix. PMID- 6664863 TI - Synthesis of N-protected deoxynucleosides via 3',5'-cyclic silyl derivatives. AB - Treatment of deoxynucleosides with dichlorosilanes in pyridine gives 3',5'-cyclic silyl derivatives. Dimethylsilanediyl derivatives and tetramethyldisiloxanediyl derivatives are not stable solvolytically and cleavage of these silyl ethers to the parent deoxynucleosides occurs readily on addition of water. These solvolytically labile bifunctional silyl groups serve as simultaneous transient protecting 3'- and 5'-hydroxyl functions. Acylation and successive hydrolysis of 3',5'-cyclic silyl derivatives gives the corresponding N-protected deoxynucleosides. Some N-acylated deoxy-adenosines and N-anisoyldeoxycytidine were synthesized easily by this N-protection method. PMID- 6664864 TI - Molecular structure of d(m5CGTAm5CG): TA pairs in Z-DNA and the consequences. AB - The hexamer d(m5CGTAm5CG) crystallizes as a left-handed Z-DNA molecule in a isomorphous lattice to d(m5CGm5CGm5CG). The three-dimensional structure has been determined by x-ray diffraction and refined to a final R value of 16% at 1.2A resolution. The molecular structure is similar to the Z-DNA structure seen in d(m5CGm5CGm5CG) and d(CGCGCG). The presence of TpA sequence in the middle of the molecule has resulted in slight changes in the helical twist angles, base pair stacking and twist angles of the base pair planes. The hydration structure is significantly changed from both of methylated and non-methylated d(CGCGCG). A large hole which has no water molecule tightly bound to the DNA molecule is found inside of the deep groove of the DNA helix at the TpA sequence. This deterioration of the hydration structure is associated with destabilization of the Z-DNA structure. These characteristic features of the structure are compared with another Z-DNA hexamer contains TpA sequence, d(br5CGTAbr5CG). PMID- 6664865 TI - An algorithm for the bonding-probability map of nucleic acid secondary structure. AB - We report a more efficient and well-defined algorithm for predicting a secondary structure of single-stranded nucleic acid from a primary nucleotide sequence. Using this algorithm, one- and two-dimensional bonding-probability maps of 5S rRNA of thermus thermophilus HB8 were calculated. These maps well express the stability of the secondary structure. PMID- 6664866 TI - Enantioselective synthesis of new analogues of neplanocin A. AB - An efficient synthesis of analogues of (-)-aristeromycin (1) and (-)-neplanocin A (2) has been developed in an enantioselective and stereocontrolled manner by chemicoenzymatic strategy. The symmetric unsaturated dimethyl ester (3) was quantitatively hydrolyzed with pig liver esterase to yield a half ester (4). Decarboxylative ozonolysis followed by chemical transformation afforded versatile chiral intermediates, cyclopentylamine (7) and cyclopentenylamine (9), which were converted to carbocyclic analogues of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (16), (18), uridine (21), cytidine (23), and guanosine (25). The cytidine analogue (23) was found most active against KB cells in culture. PMID- 6664867 TI - N4-aminocytidine: formation, reactivity, and mutagenicity. AB - N4-Aminocytidine was readily formed on treatment of cytidine with hydrazine bisulfite under mild conditions. This reaction can be carried out for cytosines in polynucleotids as well. The nucleoside N4-aminocytidine was strongly mutagenic to bacteria and phage. The transformation of cytosines in polynucleotides into N4 aminocytosines is a convenient method for generating reactive groups in the polymer. PMID- 6664868 TI - Radiation-induced conversion of 5,6-dihydropyrimidines to the corresponding pyrimidines in N2O-saturated aqueous solutions. AB - The effect of transition metal salts on the radiation-induced conversion of 5,6 dihydropyrimidines to the corresponding parent pyrimidines was studied in N2O saturated aqueous solution at pH 7.0. The yield of the pyrimidines increased in sigmoidal forms with the increased one-electron reduction potential of the transition metal salts. The radiolysis of 5,6-dihydroorotic acid suggested that the 6-yl radical of the acid undergoes oxidation by transition metal salts to give orotic acid, whereas the corresponding 5-yl radical readily liberates CO2 to give uracil radical anion. PMID- 6664869 TI - Some chemical transformations of 6-alkynylated purines. AB - 6-Alkynylated purines were conveniently transformed to the corresponding 6-alkyl- and 6-alkenylpurines by three methods: (i) hydrogenation with 10% palladium carbon or palladium acetate-sodium borohydride, (ii) addition of hydrogen halides or water and (iii) formal addition of diethylamine to the triple bond. Some of the products exhibited strong cytokinin activity. PMID- 6664870 TI - Methylation of 1-, 3-, 7-, 9-, and N6-methyladenines bearing a methoxyl group at the N6-position: a synthesis of 7,9-dimethyladenine. AB - The effect of the N6-methoxy group on regioselectivity in methylation of all five possible isomers of N-methyladenine has been investigated. The methoxyl group attached to all these isomers orients methylation to a considerable extent to nitrogen(s) in the same pyrimidine or imidazole moiety that the original N-methyl group is attached to. On the basis of the results of the present methylation study, 7,9-dimethyladeninium perchlorate has been synthesized from 7- or 9-methyl N6-methoxyadenine. PMID- 6664872 TI - Chemoselective phosphorylation of N-unblocked nucleosides. AB - O-Selective phosphorylation of NH2-unprotected nucleosides via the aluminum or magnesium alkoxides is described. PMID- 6664871 TI - Synthesis of phosphono-pyrimidine and -purine ribonucleosides. AB - The reaction of the lithiated species of 2', 3', 5'-tri-O-protected uridines and 6-chloropurine ribonucleoside with diethyl chlorophosphate provided the corresponding diethyl phosphonate derivatives (III, IV and VIII). The Arbuzov reaction of 2', 3', 5'-tri-O-protected 4-chloro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone ribonucleoside with triethyl phosphite afforded the diethyl phosphonate derivative (VI). PMID- 6664873 TI - Introduction of carbon substituents at C-2 position of purine nucleosides. AB - A series of new purine nucleosides which have carbon substituents at their C-2 position were synthesized by non-aqueous diazotization/deamination of 2-amino-6 chloro-9-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purine (1) with isoamyl nitrite in aromatic solvents and by palladium-catalyzed alkynylation of 2-iodo-adenosine (4) with terminal alkynes. PMID- 6664874 TI - Protection of uracil residue with methoxyethoxymethyl group. PMID- 6664875 TI - Phosphine derivatives for selective phosphorylation of nucleoside and their application to oligonucleotide chemistry. AB - Some new phosphorylating reagents have been developed. They were classified into two types; one reacts selectively to the cis-glycol of ribonucleoside and the other has the selective reactivity to the primary alcohol of nucleoside. The application of these selective phosphorylation reactions to the synthesis of oligonucleotides is described. PMID- 6664876 TI - Chemical synthesis of nucleotide oligomers: convergent synthesis of fully protected 80mer of thymidylic acid. AB - Synthesis of fully protected polythymidylic acids of definite lengths was carried out in solution. Decamer(T10), eicosamer(T20), tetracontamer (T40) and octacontamer(T80) were obtained in 80, 83, 75 and 52% yields respectively by a strategy of convergent synthesis. PMID- 6664877 TI - Oligoribonucleotide synthesis by use of nucleotide units masked with new protecting groups on the base residues of guanosine and uridine. AB - The synthesis of a fully protected dodecamer, GUAUCAAUAAUG, has been achieved by avoiding the side reactions on the base residues of Guo and Urd by use of the diphenylcarbamoyl and anisoyl as the protecting groups of the amide and imide functions, respectively. PMID- 6664878 TI - Chemical synthesis of 2',5'-oligoribonucleotides. AB - Partial phenylcarbamoylation of ribonucleosides by metal carboxylates - phenyl isocyanate system was found to be induced at 2'-position with high regioselectivity in good yields, similar to that by amines - phenyl isocyanate system; these results prompted us to perform synthesis of oligoribonucleotides bearing 2'-5' phosphodiester linkage starting either from 5'-0-acetyl-2'-0 phenylcarbamoyl or from 2', 5'-bis(phenylcarbamo)yl derivatives through the sequence of reactions, i.e. tetrahydropyranylation at 3'-position, decarbamoylation and deacylation with sodium methoxide in methanol both at 2'- and 5'-positions, dimethoxytritylation at 5'-position, and phosphorylation at 2' position with 5-chloro-8-quinolylphosphate/8-quinolinesulfonyl chloride, followed by the usual coupling procedures by Takaku et al). PMID- 6664879 TI - Synthesis of oligonucleotides containing the hypermodified base, alpha putrescinylthymine. AB - Self-complementary decadeoxyribonucleotides containing alpha-putrescinyl thymidine (Put Thd), AAGAATTPCTT, AAGAATTCTPT, AAGAATTPCTPT, (p is the abbreviation of alpha-putrescinyl residue) were prepared by the phosphotriester method. Nuclease activities and Tm for their oligomers were investigated by comparison of AAGAATTCTT. PMID- 6664880 TI - The synthesis of human growth hormone gene. AB - Human growth hormone gene with 584 base pairs has been synthesized by joining with DNA ligase of chemically synthesized deoxyoligonucleotides with the chain length of 15-25. The phosphotriester polymer support synthesis was employed to obtain 80 oligonucleotides. PMID- 6664881 TI - Domain structures of cell surface glycopeptides encoded by class I and class II beta genes of the major histocompatibility complex. AB - Published sequence data of MHC genes, cDNAs and MHC products were analyzed for their sequence homologies. Alignment statistics revealed that class I gene products consist of four mutually homologous domains, and that class II beta gene products is composed of three mutually homologous domains. Not only extracellular domains but also newly discovered C-terminal shorter domains of class I and class II beta gene products were found to have evolved from a one-domain-long beta 2 microglobulin-like protein by repeated exon duplications and splittings. PMID- 6664882 TI - Reduced mitomycin C induces heat-labile sites in DNA at specific sequences. AB - We have investigated the sequence specificity of DNA damage induced by mitomycin C reduced with NaBH4, by using 3'- or 5'-end labeled DNA fragments of defined sequence. Mitomycin C reduced with NaBH4 induced heat-labile sites in DNA preferentially at specific sequences. The most preferred trinucleotide sequence for induction of heat-labile sites was GGT, followed by GGG, AGT, GAG, GGC and AGG. Active oxygens such as hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen, and metal ions were involved in the induction of heat-labile sites. DNA was broken at the 3' side of deoxyguanosines and some of deoxyadenosines by heat-treatment. The produced oligonucleotides contained phosphoryl groups at the 5' termini. The 3' termini seemed not to have simple structures. PMID- 6664883 TI - [Model of graduate training in oncology at the Medical Academy in Lodz]. PMID- 6664885 TI - [Correlation between the degree of histological progression (according to Clark and Breslow) and prognosis in cases of malignant melanoma stage I (T1-3, No, Mo)]. PMID- 6664884 TI - [Endometrial hyperplasia; diagnosis and hormonal therapy]. PMID- 6664886 TI - [Use of the roentgenological diagnostic apparatus and S80 gammatron for the localization of mantle fields in the radiotherapy of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6664887 TI - [Planning of the radiotherapy of genital cancer based on the analog tomographic system]. PMID- 6664888 TI - [Utilization of the tuberculosis patient care team for improving the diagnosis and complex treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 6664889 TI - [Telephone oncological information service at the Cracow branch of the Institute of Oncology]. PMID- 6664890 TI - [Elements of etiopathogenesis of neoplasms: mechanisms of transformation, promotion and progression. I]. PMID- 6664891 TI - [Elements of etiopathogenesis of neoplasms. II. Role of genetic predisposition and immunologic mechanisms]. PMID- 6664892 TI - [Changes in serum fucose and sialic acid contents and the course of malignant ovarian neoplasms]. PMID- 6664893 TI - [Block technic in the radiotherapy of cervical cancer]. PMID- 6664894 TI - [Distant metastases of cervical cancer in patients treated by radiotherapy]. PMID- 6664895 TI - [Role of preventive examinations and health education in the control of cervical cancer]. PMID- 6664896 TI - [Diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of tuberculous meningoencephalitis in 17 adults]. PMID- 6664897 TI - [Bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine in young persons re-examined after 4 years]. PMID- 6664898 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of gastroenterology]. PMID- 6664899 TI - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of hematomas after renal biopsy]. PMID- 6664900 TI - [Pain in internal diseases: enemy or ally?]. PMID- 6664901 TI - [Progress in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6664902 TI - Recent developments in mental health law. AB - The author presents the practicing psychiatrist with an attorney's understanding and knowledge of both criminal and civil law and outlines all the recent developments in such areas as dangerousness standards, involuntary commitment, right to treatment, right to refuse treatment, and right to aftercare. PMID- 6664903 TI - Obtaining informed consent for research with psychiatric patients. The controversy continues. AB - Over the past decade the subject of informed consent has become increasingly important for general and forensic psychiatry. Viewed by many as the preeminent means by which psychiatric and other medical patients can secure their rights to full participation in treatment decision-making in therapeutic settings, informed consent has also gained general acceptance as an ethical and legal requirement for enrolling patients in human experimentation. The authors explore the many facets of this controversial issue. PMID- 6664904 TI - Malpractice in psychiatry. AB - This article offers a detailed presentation of all aspects of the subject from the regulatory and remedial purposes of malpractice law, to the reasons that a practitioner might incur liability including intentional acts, negligent diagnosis, negligent treatment, informed consent, and more. The author presents personal and professional advice in handling a malpractice suit. PMID- 6664906 TI - Editorial comment on A.L. Halpern: Elimination of the exculpatory insanity rule. PMID- 6664905 TI - Education and training in forensic psychiatry. AB - The author has chaired a national committee dedicated to developing standards for training in forensic psychiatry; he discusses the results of his work over the past several years, presenting the advantages and disadvantages of on-the-job training and formal fellowship programs. PMID- 6664907 TI - The involuntary commitment of adults. An examination of recent legal trends. AB - The last dozen years have seen an enormous change in the standards and procedures by which persons are committed to mental health facilities against their wishes. This article considers the problems inherent in the search for a system that is caring enough to provide treatment for the afflicted, yet remains mindful of the liberty and privacy rights of every citizen. PMID- 6664908 TI - Current trends affecting family law and child custody. A psychiatrist's perspective. AB - The author details the various trends that have emerged in the field of child advocacy. Among the issues he discusses are parental and children's rights in custody cases, the best interest standards, pressure groups and their influence, enforced mediation, and conciliation courts. PMID- 6664909 TI - Psychiatry and juvenile law. AB - This article discusses new developments in the field of forensic child psychiatry as they apply to hospitalization and residential treatment, child custody and divorce, juvenile delinquency, competency, and malpractice. PMID- 6664910 TI - Neuropsychiatric vulnerabilities and violent juvenile delinquency. AB - The author outlines some of the neurologic and psychiatric disorders prevalent in violent delinquent populations such as attention problems, psychomotor seizures, episodic psychoses, and others. The article serves to alert the clinician to the existence of potentially treatable neuropsychopathology and to give an awareness of the psychobiologic vulnerabilities of most violent delinquents. PMID- 6664911 TI - Alcohol, drugs, and forensic psychiatry. AB - This article discusses the relationship of drug and alcohol intoxication to crime. Various treatment modalities are presented. The author, who has conducted alcohol and drug addiction research in Sweden, presents his findings as they apply generally in forensic psychiatric matters. PMID- 6664912 TI - Psychiatry in prisons. AB - In the midst of the critical struggle over the failures of rehabilitation and the impotency of the prison system, the role of the psychiatrist in the prison has become increasingly unclear. This article presents a persuasive argument for working in prisons and discusses ethical considerations, treatment approaches, and the special problems and challenges provided by prison psychiatry. PMID- 6664913 TI - [Principles of the differential diagnosis of blood coagulation disorders]. PMID- 6664914 TI - [Clinical and blood coagulation studies in patients with congenital factor VII deficiency]. PMID- 6664915 TI - [Acute hepatic porphyrias. Work based on data collected at the Institute of Hematology 1962-1980]. PMID- 6664916 TI - [Hemostasis in cancer of the digestive system]. PMID- 6664917 TI - [Hepatic disorders of bilirubin metabolism of the Gilbert type]. PMID- 6664918 TI - [A rare disease of the lymph nodes - sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 6664919 TI - [Technical possibilities of the use of the MULTITEST-320 system in mass screening]. PMID- 6664920 TI - [Immunological status of patients with neoplasms - hopes, disappointments and reality]. PMID- 6664921 TI - [Angiographic study of extra- and intracranial artery anastomosis in cerebral ischemia syndromes; analysis of the morphological and hemodynamic types of anastomosis]. PMID- 6664923 TI - [The philosophy of contemporary medicine]. PMID- 6664922 TI - [Extra- and intracranial artery anastomosis by a microneurosurgical method in 100 cases of cerebral ischemia; analysis of the results of examination and treatment]. PMID- 6664924 TI - [Origin and types of psychological problems among physicians]. PMID- 6664925 TI - [Place and role of epidemiology in medical sciences]. PMID- 6664926 TI - [Essay on medicine written in 1983]. PMID- 6664927 TI - [Ecology, a way to tomorrow's medicine]. PMID- 6664928 TI - [Views on medicine as a science and art]. PMID- 6664929 TI - [Are we witnessing twilight of the humanitarian aspect of medicine?]. PMID- 6664930 TI - [Compulsory medical treatment]. PMID- 6664931 TI - [Renaissance of moral thought in medicine]. PMID- 6664932 TI - [A few remarks on moral standards in medicine]. PMID- 6664933 TI - [New medical deontology?]. PMID- 6664934 TI - The influence of strychnine and glycine on the metabolism of acetylcholine in the rat striatum and hippocampus. AB - Intracerebroventricular injection of glycine elevated the level and synthesis rate of acetylcholine and the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the striatum. Administration of strychnine alone did not change these parameters, but pretreatment with strychnine abolished the stimulatory effect of glycine on the cholinergic system of the rat striatum. Separate or combined administration of strychnine and glycine did not affect the striatal acetylcholinesterase activity. The drugs did not produce any changes in the cholinergic system indices in the hippocampus. PMID- 6664935 TI - The effect of products of degradation of fibrinogen A and B on the arterial blood pressure in the rat. AB - Fibrinopeptides A and B (FAB) and the products of their degradation with chymotrypsin and trypsin elevate the aortal blood pressure in the rat. The products of FAB digestion do not affect the hypertensive action of dopamine. It seems that the action of these peptides on blood pressure and the effect of dopamine are dependent on at least two unrelated mechanisms. PMID- 6664936 TI - The effect of fibrinopeptides A and B on the circulatory action of dopamine. AB - Fibrinopeptides A and B potentiate the hypertensive action of dopamine in the rat and potentiate its hypotensive effects after alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade. Dopamine receptor blockade with haloperidol completely abolished the effects of FAB. The possible mechanism of the observed effects is discussed. PMID- 6664937 TI - A serotonergic component in the central action of 1-(o-methoxyphenyl)-piperazine. AB - 1-(o-methoxyphenyl)-piperazine (o-MPP) is regarded as an antagonist of the dopamine receptor. Its effects were studied for the hind limb flexor reflex in the spinal rat, the body temperature in rats maintained at ambient temperature of 28 degrees C and stereotypy induced in rats by a low dose of apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg). o-MPP (2-12.5 mg/kg) stimulated the flexor reflex and, in higher doses (10-40 mg/kg), elevated the body temperature of heat-adapted rats. Both effects were inhibited by central serotonin receptor blocking agents--cyproheptadine or metergoline. Low doses of o-MPP (below 5 mg/kg) did not affect stereotypy induced by apomorphine; higher doses (5-25 mg/kg) attenuated the stereotypy in a dose dependent manner. The results obtained suggest that o-MPP may facilitate the central serotonergic transmission similarly as several other phenylpiperazines. The role of this effect in the "antidopamine" action of o-MPP is discussed. PMID- 6664938 TI - Some pharmacological and biochemical effects of fibrinopeptides A and B in the circulatory system of rats. AB - Human fibrinopeptides A and B (FAB) increased the arterial blood pressure, accelerated the heart rate and elevated permeability of capillaries, produced a vasodilatory effect, evoked positive chronotropic and inotropic action on the isolated heart and did not affect the coronary flow. They lowered the content of glycogen in the heart muscle. They did not affect the concentration of glucose and elevated the content of lactic acid and free fatty acids (FFA) in the blood. As FAB are present in large quantities in the blood during disseminated intravascular coagulation, they may play an essential role in pathology of the circulatory system of mammals. PMID- 6664939 TI - Studies on the role of catecholamines in the action of fibrinopeptides A and B in the circulatory system of rats. AB - Effects of fibrinopeptides A and B (FAB) in the rat circulation were examined after stimulation or inhibition of catecholamine system. FAB did not change the effects of noradrenaline and isoprenaline and increased the hypertensive action of dopamine. The effects of FAB on heart rate and blood pressure were absent in rats pretreated with propranolol and haloperidol respectively. Reserpine, alpha methyl-p tyrosine and disulfiram diminished or abolished the effects of FAB. Apparently FAB can modify the function of adrenergic system in circulation either directly or indirectly. PMID- 6664940 TI - Plasma catecholamines and 11-hydroxycorticosteroids during interaction between hexamethonium and noradrenaline. AB - Intravenous infusion of noradrenaline leads to much higher elevation of concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline in the rabbit plasma in the presence than in the absence of hexamethonium. This effect is related to stimulation of the hypophyseal-adrenal axis, as adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy prevents it. The stimulation of the system takes place without involvement of circulatory reflexes. The 11-hydroxycorticosteroid levels in plasma increase also under the influence of the interaction in hypophysectomized animals, but this does not affect the level of noradrenaline. The causes of this phenomenon are discussed in the light of data on inhibitory effect of steroids on the extraneuronal uptake of catecholamines. PMID- 6664941 TI - Investigation of new benzofurane, benzopiran and furanochromone derivatives- potential antiarrhythmic and hypotensive agents. AB - Eight newly synthesized compounds were tested in respect of their acute toxicity, antiarrhythmic activity, influence on the electrogenic action of the heart and blood pressure. The most active benzofuran derivative was 2-acetyl-3-methyl-6 methoxy-7-(2'hydroxy-3'-isopropylaminopropoxy)benzofuran, the most active benzopiran: 4-methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-8-(2'-isopropylaminopropoxy)benzo-alpha- piron. Of furachromone derivatives the expected properties were displayed only by 2-methyl-5-carbamoylmethoxy-8-diisopropylaminofuro-3,2-g-chr omone. PMID- 6664942 TI - Cephalexin in the therapy of infections of the urinary tract. AB - Cephalexin is an oral cephalosporin which is widely used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and achieves high concentrations in the urine, where it retains its full activity against the organisms commonly responsible for urinary tract infections. It also achieves adequate serum levels. Cephalexin is essentially nontoxic at recommended doses, and its clinical efficacy in urinary tract infections has been repeatedly documented in numerous studies since 1971. PMID- 6664943 TI - [Relation between the HLA system and the development of asbestosis fibrosis in a group of workers exposed to asbestos]. AB - The various studies which have dealt up to the present with a possible relationship between asbestosis and HLA groups have led to differing conclusions. The present study evaluated this relationship by comparison of 57 workers with asbestosis confirmed radiologically (minimum S1 type opacities) and functionally (VC and/or DuaCO less than 88%) with 58 controls from the same population. In a second phase, statistical analysis involved the combination of these cases with those reported in the literature, estimating the mean relative risk and, for each gene, the heterogeneity of the results thus collected. No relation was found between class I (A and B) HLA antigens and asbestosis. The authors suggest extension of this study to class II (DR) and III (components of complement) antigens and to seek possible links between combinations of antigens and the development of asbestosis. PMID- 6664944 TI - [Serotype and antibiotic resistance of pneumococci isolated at the Aix-en Provence Hospital Center]. AB - Over a 2 year period from April 1980 to April 1982, 240 pneumococci isolated from amongst 208 patients during 216 infectious episodes were serotyped. Sensitivity to standard antibiotics was determined for 209 of these strains. Pneumococci are divided into 33 serotypes. The vaccination cover provided by the vaccine currently commercially available is 70%. AUSTRIAN and GESLIN feel that the surveillance of bacteraemias is the most effective method for the choice of vaccine formula in order to eliminate the bias due to healthy carriers. In the present study, pneumococci isolated from 41 bacteraemias came from 14 serotypes and vaccine cover was 90%. Amongst 209 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 25.8% were resistant to tetracyclines, 10.5% to sulphonamides, 6.6% to chloramphenicol, 5.7% to erythromycin, 2.8% to co-trimoxazole and none to penicillin. PMID- 6664945 TI - [Legionnaires' disease with late pulmonary sequelae. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of legionnaires' disease with retractile late sequelae affecting the lingula and the dorsal segment of the culmen. They stress the need for appropriate and prolonged treatment because of the possible presence of intracellular Legionella pneumophila. The existence of an associated staphylococcal infection is also one of the hypotheses raised in explaining such sequelae. PMID- 6664946 TI - [Cervical aortic arch. Apropos of a case]. AB - A new case of left cervical aorta is described, affecting a 12-year-old girl. Haemodynamic, CT scan and radiological investigations are described. The only associated abnormality in the present case was hypoplasia of the left vertebral artery. There were two spicules on the medial surface of the descending aorta, possibly embryonic rests. A review is made of the literature and there is discussion of the contribution of different diagnostic techniques to determination of the embryological origin or the abnormality and its possible treatment. PMID- 6664947 TI - [The peritoneal dialysis drain in the evacuation of pleural effusions. Technical aspects and indications]. AB - The authors report their experience of use of the peritoneal dialysis drain in the evacuation of pleural effusions. After describing the technique used, they report their results in the various indications for pleural drainage and then emphasise the advantages of this effective, relatively atraumatic and well tolerated technique. PMID- 6664948 TI - [Recommendations for preoperative lung function diagnosis]. PMID- 6664949 TI - [Effect of control solutions on the bronchial system in bronchial provocation tests. A preliminary experimental study]. PMID- 6664950 TI - [Children of abused wives--structure and dynamics of abuse families. Family dynamics experiences in a house for families]. PMID- 6664951 TI - [Use of the Giessen couple test in family diagnosis]. PMID- 6664952 TI - [Parental satisfaction with achievements and experiences within the scope of a child and adolescent psychiatric polyclinic]. PMID- 6664953 TI - [Symbiotic-psychotic syndrome (M. S. Mahler)]. PMID- 6664954 TI - [Cysts of the gastric mucosal glands]. PMID- 6664955 TI - [Histomorphology of breast carcinoma and steroid receptor content]. PMID- 6664956 TI - [Merkel cell tumor of the skin. Light and electron microscopic study of 5 cases]. PMID- 6664957 TI - [Impulse cytometric assessment in the routine diagnosis of meningiomas and gliomas]. PMID- 6664958 TI - [Morphometric studies of idiopathic medial necrosis]. PMID- 6664959 TI - [Skeletal chordoma. Clinico-pathological and differential diagnostic aspects]. PMID- 6664960 TI - [Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on exopolysaccharide synthesis by Cryptococcus laurentii]. AB - The effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources on the synthesis of the branched exopolysaccharide produced by Cryptococcus laurentii st 1803-K. was studied. The conditions favourable for a higher yield of the polymer were found. The carbon and nitrogen sources used do not affect the qualitative monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide, however, the introduction of ammonium salts in the medium can cause a change in the monosaccharide ratio in the side chains of the polymer. PMID- 6664961 TI - [Properties of a bacterial enzyme preparation of alkylsulfatase]. AB - A preparation of primary alkyl sulfatase was obtained from the culture of Pseudomonas species 2T/1. It can hydrolyze alkyl sulfates, which belong to anion surface-active compounds, to sulfate ion and fatty alcohol, and as a result the harmful for biosphere property of the surface activity is gone. pH and temperature of the incubation mixture, the presence of ions of some bivalent metals and components of synthetic detergents (SD), composition of the buffer mixture and substrate concentration affect the rate of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) hydrolysis. The alkyl sulfatase preparation is relatively stable. The maximum rate of SDS hydrolysis was found to be at 70 degrees C. The preparation catalyzes the hydrolysis of some alkyl sulfate homologues and industrial alkyl sulfates. The temperature optimum of the preparation is 40 degrees C, the pH optimum is 8.0-9.0. PMID- 6664962 TI - [Action of the steroid glycoside deltonin on the bacterial membranes of Micrococcus lysodeikticus]. AB - A slight detergent-like effect of steroid glycoside deltonine from Dioscorea deltoidea on the bacterial membranes of Micrococcus lysodeikticus was detected which resulted in the breaking of the osmotic barrier of protoplasts and in the loss from the membranes of small fragments containing the dehydrogenases of the respiratory chain but without cytochromes. These small fragments still retained the membrane structure. PMID- 6664963 TI - [Identification of coenzyme B12 and other natural cobalamins by polarography]. AB - AdoCbl, MeCbl and OH-Cbl were studied by methods of polarography and three-angle scan voltammetry. Cobalamines studied show a specific electrochemical activity that can be taken as a basis for their identification after separation and purification. The high sensitivity of the method allows to carry out the quantitative analysis of AdoCbl at concentrations ranging from 10(-6) M to 10(-4) M. PMID- 6664964 TI - [Diagnosis of oncologic diseases of the respiratory organs in patients in tuberculosis hospitals]. PMID- 6664965 TI - [Differential roentgenodiagnosis of peripheral cancer of the lung, tuberculoma and hamartoma]. PMID- 6664966 TI - [Diagnosis of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis in systemic diseases of the connective tissue and chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 6664967 TI - [New cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and various methods of detection]. PMID- 6664968 TI - [Classification of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6664969 TI - [Classification of sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 6664970 TI - [Diagnosis of sarcoidosis in ambulatory care]. PMID- 6664971 TI - [Roentgeno-mediastinoscopic comparison in sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 6664972 TI - [Several aspects of the treatment of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6664973 TI - [Pulmonary edema in chronic cor pulmonale in patients with tuberculosis]. PMID- 6664974 TI - [Study of the fractional composition of serum albumin using isoelectric focusing in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6664975 TI - [Cytochemical methods in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6664976 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis with predominant lesions of the lung]. PMID- 6664977 TI - [Diagnostic value of the Mantoux test and immunological tests in ocular tuberculosis]. PMID- 6664978 TI - [Recurrence of tuberculosis in middle-aged and elderly persons and their epidemiological hazard]. PMID- 6664979 TI - Condyle neck periostomy and the mitotic activity in the condylar tissues of young rats. II. PMID- 6664980 TI - The Pierre Robin anomalad--comparisons of some disturbances in the formation of the teeth and the lower lip. PMID- 6664981 TI - Functional changes in cat pulp nerve activity after thermal and mechanical injury of the pulp. PMID- 6664982 TI - Fluoride in saliva after various topical treatments. PMID- 6664983 TI - Computerized information system for children's dental care. PMID- 6664984 TI - The role of dental hygienists in dental health education. PMID- 6664986 TI - Syndroma Gardner--a malignant disease with important dentofacial associations. Case report. PMID- 6664985 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma of the jaw. Report of two cases. PMID- 6664987 TI - Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of foreign particles in oral biopsy specimens. PMID- 6664988 TI - Effect of systematic oral hygiene instruction on oral health among 13 year old schoolchildren. PMID- 6664990 TI - The in vitro stability of rat liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as a function of diet. AB - Rat liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity was studied in starved-refed rats given diets containing three levels of fat (35%, high-fat; 5%, low-fat; 0%, fat-free). Elution characteristics from DEAE-cellulose, Km for glucose-6-phosphate, pH optimum, and molecular weight appeared to be similar. During storage or heat denaturation, stability apparently was lowest of G6PD of livers from rats refed the high-fat diet. Heat stability was enhanced by the addition of NADP, but some differences due to diet persisted. Titration of a constant amount of enzyme with heating gave inconsistent results: in two of four experiments rats refed the high-fat diet had an equivalence point twice that of rats refed the fat-free diet. This difference disappeared if the antibody titration was carried out in the cold. The diet-induced instability of the G6PD, as measured in vitro, was reversible by changing the diet of the rats. PMID- 6664991 TI - Impaired blood flow autoregulation in nonfiltering kidneys: effects of theophylline administration. AB - To investigate blood flow autoregulation in filtering and nonfiltering kidneys, renal blood flow was determined during graded reductions in renal perfusion pressure in seven anesthetized dogs containing both a filtering and nonfiltering kidney. In each dog, one kidney was made nonfiltering by the method of EH Blaine, JO Davis, and RT Witty (Circ Res 27:1081-1089, 1970). Renal perfusion pressure was decreased from 129 to 115, 99, and 83 mm Hg by stepwise constriction of the suprarenal aorta. In filtering kidneys, the maximum decrease in renal perfusion pressure reduced renal blood flow only 20.1% of control whereas renal blood flow of nonfiltering kidneys decreased by 41.0% of control. During aortic constriction, renal vascular resistance of nonfiltering kidneys remained unchanged or slightly increased. These hemodynamic changes were associated with significantly greater autoregulation indices in nonfiltering kidneys. In eight dogs with nonfiltering kidneys, competitive inhibition of adenosine with theophylline (9 mg/kg iv) restored autoregulation of renal blood flow as shown by significant decreases in renal vascular resistance. These data indicate that in the nonfiltering kidney model, autoregulation of renal blood flow is impaired. It is suggested that this impaired autoregulatory response may result from renal ischemia and the vasoconstrictor influence of elevated intrarenal adenosine concentration. PMID- 6664989 TI - Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Constitution and bylaws. PMID- 6664992 TI - Passive transfer of pressor hyperresponsiveness from renal-hypertensive to normotensive rats. AB - The role of serum factors in the pathogenesis of pressor hyperresponsiveness in hypertension was investigated by the passive transfer of serum from donor rats with chronic one-kidney, one clip hypertension into syngeneic normotensive recipient rats (0.25 ml iv, bid) for 3 weeks. Rats injected twice daily with the serum of normotensive rats served as controls. In rats injected with the serum of hypertensive rats there was a gradual increase in pressor responses to norepinephrine and angiotensin II and, at the end of the study, increased water content of the aorta and sodium content of the myocardium. In volume-expanded renal hypertension unidentified serum factors contribute to pressor hyperresponsiveness and increased sodium content of cardiovascular tissue. PMID- 6664993 TI - Globin gene expression and hematopoietic differentiation. Proceedings of the Third Conference on Hemoglobin Switching. September 12-15, 1982. PMID- 6664994 TI - "Silent" nucleotide substitution in codon 24 of a beta+ thalassemia globin gene activates splice site in coding sequence RNA. AB - A beta+-thalassemia globin gene was isolated from the genome of a black patient by molecular cloning. DNA sequence analysis revealed only a single difference between this gene and the normal human beta-globin gene--adenine is substituted for thymine in the third position of codon 24. This mutation is silent at the protein sequence level. We compared the function of this beta+-thalassemia gene with the normal human beta-globin gene in monkey kidney cells using plasmid expression vectors. The codon 24 substitution activates a 5' splice site that involves the guanine-thymine dinucleotide present in codon 25, 16 nucleotides upstream from the normal exon 1-intron I boundary. Splices at the abnormal 5' site in the coding sequence are completed with the normal 3' splice site at the end of intron I. This splicing abnormality leads to a fourfold decrease in the accumulation of normally processed beta-globin mRNA, thereby causing the beta+ thalassemia phenotype. PMID- 6664995 TI - A nucleotide change in IVS 2 of a beta-thalassemia gene leads to a cryptic splice not at the site of the mutation. PMID- 6664996 TI - Hb Knossos, beta 27 Ala leads to Ser (B 9): a new hemoglobinopathy presenting as a silent beta-thalassemia. PMID- 6664997 TI - DNA methylation and the regulation of globin gene expression. PMID- 6664998 TI - DNA methylation of remote sequences in chicken alpha-globin gene expression. AB - We have previously reported a correlation between site-specific DNA methylation and developmental expression of the chicken alpha-globin genes [8]. We have now extended this investigation to include sites 10-20 kb 5' to the alpha-globin cluster. These data indicate that the methylation status of DNA 5' to the globin genes can still be correlated with gene expression in red blood cells. The results suggest a possible role of DNA methylation in modifying regulatory sequences remote from the transcription initiation sites of globin genes; the existence of such remote regulatory sequences has also been indicated by some beta-thalassemia deletions and by genetic elements in other systems. Our results further correlate with known intermediate DNase I sensitivity in this region [7]. A discrete cluster of CpC type methylation is reported 5' to the alpha-globin gene cluster. PMID- 6665000 TI - Transformation of adult and fetal hemopoietic tissues with RNA tumor viruses. PMID- 6664999 TI - Quantal and proliferative cell cycles: how lineages generate cell diversity and maintain fidelity. AB - There are no known differences between the mechanisms that generate diverse differentiation programs in a mosaic embryo such as Caenorhabdites elegans or in a regulative embryo such as a chick. Transit through an invariant sequence of compartments in a lineage is obligatory for a given precursor cell 1) to inherit its differentiation program from its mother, and 2) to transmit to its daughters, by way of a predetermined binary decision, a new differentiation program. The inheritability of a differentiation program must be encoded in a structural molecule. We postulate that during an S period of a quantal cell cycle, chromosomal structures are so altered that a network of genes that could not be transcribed in the mother becomes available for transcription in the daughters. We do not view as a likely possibility the traditional notion that cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions instruct or commit blank, naive cells to transform into cells with unique differentiation programs. From this perspective, we have initiated experiments to determine the minimal rounds of DNA synthesis, following fertilization, that are required to generate founder cells for several major lineages in the chick. Somewhere between the 15th and 18th generations after fertilization erythrogenic hematocytoblasts that are cytokeratin-positive and vimentin- and hemoglobin-negative undergo a quantal cell cycle. Their daughters are cytokeratin-negative and vimentin- and hemoglobin-positive. DNA synthesis, but not cytokinesis, is an obligatory requirement for this switch in differentiation programs. Essentially similar findings are presented for cells in the cardiogenic, neurogenic, melanogenic, and endothelial lineages. There is no evidence that cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions are required for this diversification. Such interactions, however, may be required for the large number of proliferative cell cycles within particular compartments of particular lineages that are characteristic of all growing or expanding systems. With respect to classical "CFU cells" it is of interest that definitive white blood cells have not yet been identified in these cultures. Lastly, the high ratio of primitive red blood cells to non-red blood cells in the first 40 hours of culture is consistent with the notion that the majority of all cells present in the blastodisc at these early stages are in fact already committed to a unipotent erythrogenic lineage [5, 18, 23, 44, 45]. The issue of changing ratios of cells within compartments of a lineage, as well as of cells in different lineages, is much neglected in consideration of (a) normal embryogenesis, (b) cell-renewal in mature organisms and, particularly, PMID- 6665001 TI - Differential gene expression during avian erythropoiesis: isolation of stage specific sequences. AB - A method is described here that can be used to provide qualitative data on the expression of a wide number of genes in a variety of different tissues or cell types. This approach can further be utilized to enable tissue-specific or temporally regulated genes to be identified and isolated. The possibility of obtaining molecular probes for these types of genes should enable us to further our understanding of the molecular events underlying the process of differentiation. PMID- 6665002 TI - The surface antigen profile of HEL cells. AB - The surface antigen profile of HEL cells was probed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies that have been associated with various hemopoietic lineages. Although the list of antibodies tested is by no means complete, the following characteristic picture emerges. a. Affiliation of HEL cells with erythroid lineage has been secured by other than the globin criteria. In this respect differences with K562 cells have been mostly of a quantitative nature, with only a few exceptions. One notable exception is the presence of group H determinant in HEL cells. b. There is a strong expression in HEL cells of determinants present in the platelet/megakaryocytic series. K562 cells express only selective determinants for this lineage. c. In contrast to K562 cells, there is a strong expression in HEL cells of monocyte-associated determinants. Corroborating this are the cytochemical properties of the HEL cells [11] and their induction by TPA (12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate) to a macrophage-like phenotype [41]. d. Granulocyte-specific antigens have not been found in HEL cells, although shared antigenic determinants of granulocytes with other cells can be expressed. In contrast, K562 cells display several granulocyte-specific antigens. e. No T-cell associated antigens are found in HEL cells, although some B-cell-associated determinants can be detected. The interpretation of the composite phenotype in HEL cells is, as yet, unclear. One fact stands out, however; the only two erythroid-associated lines available today also display a multilineage-affiliated phenotype that seems to have no parallel with the other cell lines thus far described. PMID- 6665003 TI - Evidence for an erythroblast-enhancing factor (EEF) in human and mouse serum. AB - Evidence accumulated over the past 20 years suggests that factors besides erythropoietin (Ep) may play a significant role in regulating mammalian erythropoiesis in vivo. These include moieties with both stimulatory and inhibitory activities. In this report data are summarized that demonstrate the presence of an erythropoietic stimulator in human and mouse serum that is distinct from Ep, burst-enhancing factor, albumin, or iron-saturated transferrin. Like Ep, this factor causes a significant increase in the amount of 59Fe incorporation into heme in vitro when 24-hr cultures of mouse marrow cells are used, but, unlike Ep, it has no effect in stimulating 59Fe uptake into red blood cells in vivo when injected alone into polycythemic mice. This differential effect with the two assays appears to reflect differences in the makeup of the erythroid progenitor cell compartments in polycythemic and normal mouse bone marrow. However, in both the in vitro and in vivo assays this factor acts synergistically with Ep to cause a dramatic stimulation of 59Fe incorporation. This non-Ep stimulator has been partially purified and appears to be a 130K protein with an isoelectric point of 4.8. For maximal activity, it appears to require substantially higher levels of iron-saturated transferrin than Ep. In addition, colcemid and time-course studies suggest that it acts late in erythroid differentiation, primarily on erythroblasts; hence, the term erythroblast enhancing factor (EEF) has been proposed. Finally, serum EEF levels were found to vary in both mice and man in a predictable fashion, reflecting physiologic requirements for mature red blood cells. These last findings suggest that EEF acts as a positive regulator of terminal erythropoiesis in vivo. PMID- 6665004 TI - Recognition of potential splice sites on the human G gamma-globin mRNA precursor. PMID- 6665005 TI - Use of haplotype analysis in the beta-globin gene cluster to discover beta thalassemia mutations. AB - DNA polymorphisms have been of great value in defining a small number of common sequences in the beta-globin gene cluster and a region within which recombination may be restricted. Moreover, they have led to a screening procedure that not only has been of great value for the molecular characterization of beta-thalassemia mutations but also has implications for the characterization of other single-gene disorders. PMID- 6665006 TI - Maturation of various testosterone hydroxylase activities in hepatic microsomes from AKR/J mice. PMID- 6665007 TI - Anti-infective therapy in the immunosuppressed patient. PMID- 6665008 TI - Teratology: information useful in advising health personnel and at-risk individuals. AB - Information on human teratology has been reviewed. The principles learned from animal experimentation have been integrated with our knowledge in humans. A list and discussion of information sources on the subject has been provided. PMID- 6665009 TI - Epidemiology of pediatric drug poisoning: the Hospital for Sick Children experience. PMID- 6665010 TI - Changes in phospholipid synthesis of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum during development. PMID- 6665011 TI - Physiological and environmental determinants of phenytoin teratogenicity: relation to glutathione homeostasis, and potentiation by acetaminophen. PMID- 6665012 TI - Growth hormone: a regulator of the sexually differentiated steroid metabolism in rat liver. AB - Specific lesions in the periventricular area of the hypothalamus in male rats lead to a partial feminization of the liver steroid metabolism and a simultaneous reduction of the somatostatin level in the median eminence. Administration of an antiserum against somatostatin causes a similar degree of feminization of liver metabolism in male rats. Thus somatostatin could be the neuroendocrine regulator of the sexually differentiated metabolism of steroids in rat liver. A possible influence from the amygdaloid complex in regulating hepatic steroid metabolism is also indicated since large lesions in the amygdala cause a slight feminization of hepatic steroid metabolism in male rats. The female pattern of hepatic steroid metabolism is induced following frequent administration of hGH. The feminizing effect of hGH on hepatic steroid metabolism does not require the presence of gonads, adrenals, or thyroid. The somatogenic property of hGH seems to be responsible for the feminizing effect since purified rGH alone gives a complete feminization of hepatic steroid metabolism in hypophysectomized animals. rGH purified from male or female pituitary glands is equally efficient in feminizing hepatic steroid metabolism. Furthermore, male or female rGH have the same apparent molecular weight and isoelectric point. The mechanism whereby GH regulates hepatic steroid metabolism could be related to the sexually differentiated secretory profile of GH in the rat. A continuous presence of GH in the circulation seems to be a prerequisite for a female pattern of hepatic steroid metabolism. By analogy, it may be suggested that the high-peak, low trough secretory pattern of GH characteristic of male rats causes a masculine type of liver steroid metabolism. Gonadal hormones affect both the secretory profile of GH and hepatic steroid metabolism. It is most probable that gonadal hormones affect liver steroid metabolism via modulations of the GH secretory profile. Possibly, estrogen exerts its effect directly on the pituitary by stimulating GH secretion. Androgen most probably has its primary site of action in the anterior hypothalamus or in extrahypothalamic areas. A plausible mechanism is that androgens stimulate the hypothalamic GH-inhibitory center. An overall view of the present hypothesis concerning hypothalamopituitary regulation of the sexually differentiated hepatic steroid metabolism in the rat is presented in Figure 2. PMID- 6665013 TI - Effects of beta-naphthoflavone administration during midgestation on ovarian steroid metabolism and fetal development. PMID- 6665014 TI - Nuclear drug metabolism: its ontogeny in the rat and its presence in human fetal life. PMID- 6665016 TI - Placental transfer of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and salicylic acid (SA) in near term ewes. PMID- 6665015 TI - Genetic differences in brain dopamine receptors and amphetamine response: possible model for hyperkinetic children. PMID- 6665017 TI - Interaction of digoxin with verapamil, indomethacin, and other coadministered drugs: a comparative study in rat tissue. PMID- 6665020 TI - High altitude medical research in Japan. PMID- 6665018 TI - Chloramphenicol in the newborn infant. PMID- 6665021 TI - Biomedical experiences on the first Soviet expedition to Mount Everest. PMID- 6665022 TI - The French scientific expedition to Numbur, autumn 1981. PMID- 6665019 TI - Hypoxia, exercise, and altitude. Proceedings of the Third Banff International Hypoxia Symposium, Banff, Alberta, Canada, January 25-28, 1983. PMID- 6665023 TI - Operation Everest II. AB - OEII is an ambitious and complex project which is only possible through the full and enthusiastic support of the U.S. Army Institute of Environmental Medicine. The support staff at the hypobaric chamber will man the chamber controls 24 hours a day throughout the study, and full use of laboratories and equipment has been assured. We will maximize the opportunities for research by involving many other scientists active in altitude research, and with widely differing areas of expertise. Many measurements will be made at extreme altitudes which--at least today--are not possible in the mountain environment. Though some may be possible in a hospital setting, using hypoxic patients, OEII is the only method by which the adjustments to graded induced hypoxia can be studied from their beginning. Thus we will not only shed light on the ability of healthy persons to work on the highest point on earth, but also on the mechanisms which permit survival of many seriously ill patients. PMID- 6665024 TI - Human muscle adaptations to chronic hypoxia. AB - Maximal aerobic power (V02max) decreases with increasing altitude, the drop being about the same in acute and chronic hypoxia. To elucidate this well established but still rather inexplicable finding, experiments were carried out on a group of participants before and immediately after return from a mountaineering expedition to Mount Lhotse Shar (8398 m). The results of a typical subject exposed over a period of 5 weeks to an altitude of at least 5200 m indicate that: A) In the vastus lateralis muscle the number of capillaries to the number of fibers ratio was unchanged, the mean fiber diameter was reduced from 77.3 to 67.9 mu while the mitochondrial to fiber volume ratio increased from 6.7 to 7.9%; in addition, muscle protein concentration diminished by 37% and succinate dehydrogenase activity (SDH) was 48% less than in control conditions; B) Cardiac output and muscular (vastus lateralis) blood flow at submaximal work loads were reduced by 21% and 53%, respectively; C) The V02 on-response kinetics at the mouth upon rectangular submaximal work loads was delayed (t 1/2 = 37.5 vs. 27.0 s). From the above results it is concluded that the apparent lack of beneficial effects of acclimatization on maximal aerobic power is likely the consequence of the interaction of a number of positive (increased hematocrit, rightward shift of the 02 dissociation curve) and negative (reduced thoracic and peripheral blood flow, decreased muscle mass and oxidative enzymes activity) changes induced by hypoxia. PMID- 6665025 TI - American Medical Research Expedition to Everest: a study of man during extreme hypoxia. PMID- 6665026 TI - Prediction of course and therapeutic response in psychiatric diseases. PMID- 6665027 TI - Clinical and biological parameters as predictors for antidepressant drug responses in depressed patients. AB - Clinical and biological variables were investigated for their predictive value with respect to an antidepressant drug treatment. Thirty patients received clomipramine and thirty patients maprotiline. Characteristic features of the biography, the family anamnesis and the previous course of illness (apart from intermittent course) have no predictive value. The psychopathological symptoms before the start of treatment are also not suitable for prediction (except vegetative syndrome). The activity of the enzymes MAO, COMT and DBH before the start of treatment have no predictive value. The serum level of maprotiline on the seventh day of treatment does not correlate with the outcome of treatment. It is possible that patients, who have relatives with suicidal tendencies, are more likely to be clomipramine non-responders; patients with relatives who have a psychiatric history but without suicidal tendencies, are more likely to be maprotiline responders; i.a., relatives of the first degree manifesting psychiatric problems speak against a response to clomipramine and indicate a response to maprotiline. Patients with diurnal variations before the start of treatment are possibly more likely to respond to maprotiline than to clomipramine. There are statistically established findings for only the following variables: Diurnal variations during treatment speak in favour of an antidepressant response. A positive SD reaction indicates clomipramine response. A serum level of more than 75 ng clomipramine and more than 30 ng desmethyl clomipramine/ml serum on the 7th day of treatment clearly predict a response to clomipramine. PMID- 6665029 TI - Prediction of response to stabilizing lithium treatment. AB - As lithium has a wide range of biological effects, it is not surprising that the benefit from lithium treatment has been observed in several types of psychiatric disorders. Mood stabilization has been seen in episodic disorders; antiaggressive effect has been reported in mental retardation and other illnesses, and some endocrine and hematological effects have been utilized in internal medicine and neurology. To date, however, only the stabilizing effect on recurrent mood disorders appears to be reliably predictable. The prediction is based primarily on the diagnosis, quality of free interval and frequency of episodes; and several associated indicators can also be helpful. Results of the presented series of studies on the response to stabilizing lithium treatment suggest that such a response is predictable for most patients. The epitome of an excellent lithium responder is a patient with a good quality of remissions, a moderate frequency of recurrences, and a diagnosis of primary affective disorder. If the MMPI profile taken at the patient's optimum is abnormal, the chances of stabilization on lithium alone are greatly reduced. In addition, the responders more frequently have a family history of primary affective disorder and a positive M antigen. It appears that in the present practice the assessment of patients for stabilizing lithium treatment may frequently not be comprehensive enough. As a result, lithium is at present probably overprescribed in North America, and possibly elsewhere as well. PMID- 6665028 TI - Prediction of clinical course by dexamethasone suppression test (DST) response in depressed patients - physiological and clinical construct validity of the DST. AB - The present survey highlights the rationale for the use of state-dependent biological markers as predictors of clinical course in depression. Cortisol plasma levels after dexamethasone provide such a tool to monitor clinical progress. Since dexamethasone-resistant cortisol gradually returns to normalcy before a complete clinical remission is seen this measure has a possible predictive potential. Moreover, reversion to abnormal dexamethasone responses is prognostically infaust. Though the dexamethasone test has some merits, technical factors (e.g. exclusion criteria, dexamethasone-kinetics) which invalidate test results deserve careful consideration in future studies. Cortisol hypersecretion is considered as a physiological readout of a central disinhibition. This hypothesis is tested applying corticotropin-releasing factor and corticotropin in normal and abnormal DST responders. The data support the validity of the concept which assumes an intact but overactive pituitary-adrenal axis in a depressed subpopulation. A thesis is submitted which places the variety of biological disturbances in depression between two extreme viewpoints. One view considers all biological disturbances as sequelae to one particular dysfunction, e.g. disinhibition of corticosteroid secretion. The opposite view considers the myriad of biological disturbances as a sign of general loss of order, i.e. increased entropy, the precipitating mechanism of which is unknown. PMID- 6665030 TI - A biological approach to the platelet survival curve with criticism of previous interpretations. AB - The biological mechanisms of platelet destruction must be correctly identified before platelet survival curves can be interpreted. This report develops a theory of platelet destruction which is compared with experiments performed on platelets labelled with the radioactive isotope 51Cr. Platelet destruction rate is a complicated function of platelet number and the thrombokinetic destruction state of the body. A linear approximation of this function shows that destruction is dominated by constant and random consumption. A second order non-linear approximation shows the effect of 'platelet crowding'. This theoretical study explains the difference between predicting the complete platelet survival curve from only two experimental points (in the linear approximation) and the methods of curve fitting currently recommended by the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology. It indicates that the curve fitting of known functional forms to experimental data usually results in an under interpretation of the observations and dilutes the diagnostic potential of the platelet survival curve. PMID- 6665031 TI - A quantitative analysis of UV-induced cell killing. AB - A quantitative hypothesis is developed, analogous to a previously developed model for ionising radiation, to describe the induction of eukaryotic cell killing by ultraviolet light. The hypothesis makes use of a recent proposal which suggests that pairs of dimers close to, and on either side of, a replication termination site provide long-lived blocks to replication, by suggesting that these 'paired dimer' lesions are potentially lethal. The hypothesis contains two crucial elements: (i) two dimers form the crucial lesion, and (ii) the paired dimer lesion is only recognised at the DNA-replication subsequent to exposure. Cell survival is predicted to be related to the square of the UV exposure and several sets of data are shown to be in good agreement with this prediction for surviving fractions down to 5% at least. It is shown that making use of a known molecular repair process, excision repair, the hypothesis gives a logical explanation for the unusual effects of UV fractionation reported previously for both exponentially growing cells and also for stationary cells. The hypothesis is amenable to further experimental verification. PMID- 6665032 TI - Energy imparted, energy transferred and net energy transferred. AB - The ICRU-defined non-stochastic quantity absorbed dose is related to the stochastic quantity energy imparted. In this paper the corresponding stochastic quantities energy transferred and net energy transferred are defined as precursors for kerma and collision kerma, respectively. This forms a rational fundamental framework for radiation dosimetry which facilitates its teaching and understanding. PMID- 6665033 TI - Absorbed dose determination with a water calorimeter in comparison with an ionisation chamber. AB - The absorbed dose in water has been measured for both photon and electron beams using a water calorimeter. The results were compared with those obtained with a Farmer type ionisation chamber. Doses measured with the water calorimeter for 60Co gamma rays, 10 and 25 MV x-rays, and 16.6 and 22.3 MeV electrons are approximately 4.5 to 5% higher than those derived from ionisation chamber measurements using the formation of ICRU 14 and 21. Based on a new formalism which has been under study, the calorimeter results for gamma and x-rays were found to be approximately 2-4% higher than predictions. For electrons the calorimeter results were approximately 3.5% higher than predictions. The differences found are discussed in terms of the heat defect of water. PMID- 6665034 TI - Validity of the Gaussian assumption in the analysis of ROC data obtained from scintigraphic-like images. AB - The Gaussian assumption (GA) has been found experimentally to provide an acceptable fit to ROC data elicited from visual experiments. When the GA is satisfied the two-parameter index D(delta m, s) determines the ROC completely. It is however not known whether the GA is an intrinsic property of the eye-brain system, or whether it is a consequence of the type of visual stimuli selected for the experiments. Using scintigraphic-like images to test the validity of the GA, it is found that (i) series of visual stimuli with as few variables as possible produce ROC data compatible with the GA, but (ii) it is possible to find stimuli for which the GA provides a very poor account of experimental data. These results lead us to doubt that the GA is an intrinsic property of the human visual system. PMID- 6665035 TI - Interpolation in computing forward projections in direct three-dimensional reconstruction. PMID- 6665036 TI - X-ray transmission formula for antiscatter grids. PMID- 6665037 TI - Assessment of gamma ray scattering for the characterisation of biological material. PMID- 6665038 TI - The use of heavy water in boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumours. PMID- 6665040 TI - A simple method for measuring the quality of a diagnostic X-ray beam. PMID- 6665039 TI - Determination of sub-PPM amounts of boron in solutions by means of solid state track detectors. PMID- 6665041 TI - H NMR detection of the specific change to the uncoupled state of the mitochondrial membrane. AB - The spin-lattice relaxation times T1 of H2O in mitochondrial suspensions at various energy states were measured at 28 degrees C. It was found that de energization on the addition of an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation affects T1: after the addition of the uncoupler, T1 first decreases and then increases to a value greater than those at other different energy states. The T1 values of the unfrozen water in mitochondrial suspensions were measured at -15 degrees C after the energy state of the mitochondria was freeze-trapped. It was found that they increase only in the presence of an uncoupler. These changes in T1 are discussed in relation to the specific change of the mitochondrial membrane in the uncoupled state. PMID- 6665042 TI - Studies on the physical state of water in living cells and model systems. I. The quantitative relationship between the concentration of gelatin and certain oxygen containing polymers and their influence upon the solubility of water for NA+ salts. AB - The quantitative relationships between the concentrations of solutions of gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(ethylene oxide), polyvinylmethylether, and poly(ethylene glycol), and their ability to reduce the solubility of water for Na citrate are presented. The data in general are in harmony with the polarized multilayer theory of protein (and polymer) dominated water in vitro and in living cells. PMID- 6665043 TI - Studies on the physical state of water in living cells and model systems. II. NMR relaxation times of water protons in aqueous solutions of gelatin and oxygen containing polymers which reduce the solvency of water for NA+, sugars, and free amino acids. AB - This communication reports our study of the NMR relaxation times, T1 and T2 of water protons in aqueous solutions of bovine serum albumin, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(ethylene oxide), and polyvinylmethylether over a wide concentration range. In contrast to solutions of gelatin and bovine serum albumin, the T1/T2 ratio of the three synthetic polymers are close to unity over the entire range studied. When combined with earlier-reported data of water made "non-solvent" to Na salts, the present data provided the basis for calculating the T1 and T2 as well as the rotational correlation time tau c of the "non solvent" water. It was shown that only a modest increase by a factor of about 3 of tau c is enough to produce water that is "non-solvent" for Na citrate and sulfate. The new data reconciles NMR data of living cells with the theory of the cell water given in the association-induction hypothesis. The variability of tau c of "non-solvent" water also offers explanations of apparently conflicting conclusions on the physical state of cell water from dielectric measurements. PMID- 6665045 TI - A relationship between toxicity and chemical nature. AB - The maximum allowable concentration of any chemical substance can be estimated with some degree of confidence solely on the basis of the chemical groups and structure it contains. The derivation of this methodology from the U. S. Dept. of Labor Occupational Health and Environmental Control Air Contaminants List (1972) is described. PMID- 6665044 TI - Studies on the physical state of water in living cells and model systems. III. The high osmotic activities of aqueous solutions of gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone and poly (ethylene oxide) and their relation to the reduced solubility for NA+, sugars, and free amino acids. AB - Very high osmotic activities of concentrated aqueous solutions of gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and poly(ethylene oxide) were recorded. These observed values are far above those predictable from the molar concentrations of these polymers or those of aqueous solutions of native hemoglobin of equal concentrations. It was shown that these high osmotic activities are closely associated with the ability of the gelatin- or polymer-dominated water to exclude Na+ salts, sucrose, and glycine. Both phenomena are interpreted as reflecting the polarization of multilayers of water by the polymers enhancing the H2O to H2O interaction and also reducing the translational and rotational motional freedom of the water. PMID- 6665046 TI - The effect of different alkali metal ions on the release of muscle potassium during glycerol treatment. AB - Frog sartorius muscles were pretreated in 11.6 M (87%) ion-free glycerol. Then half of them were put in 5.8 M glycerol solutions containing 55 mM LiCl, NaCl, RbCl or CsCl and their pairs in ion-free 5.8 M glycerol solutions at 1:40 Vol. muscle:Vol. solution ratio. The release of potassium during exposure to the 5.8 M glycerol solution was significantly faster in the presence of Li or Na, but significantly slower in the presence of Rb than in the ion-free circumstance. The effect of Rb can be related to a cooperative phenomenon that implies existence of a structured phase of K-protein complexes. Some postulates of Ling's association induction hypothesis are used for interpretation of two phases and their phase transitions in this type of bound-K structure in muscle. The phase transitions in this system could have an important role in the fast processes of excitation in muscle. PMID- 6665047 TI - Science, ethics, and the law: an invitation to speak out. PMID- 6665048 TI - Crises in physiological research. PMID- 6665049 TI - A simple model of the pulmonary circulation for hemodynamic study and examination. PMID- 6665050 TI - Facilitation of thermoregulatory heating behavior by single cortical spreading depression in the rat. AB - Effects of single waves of unilateral cortical spreading depression (CSD) on skin heating behavior were studied in the rat with the unilateral lesion in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH). A single CSD contralateral to the PO/AH lesion significantly increased the number of heating for 4 min after CSD had entered the frontal cortex with a maximum facilitation rate 20% above the pre CSD level. On the other hand, a single CSD ipsilateral to the PO/AH lesion slightly augmented the number of heating for 2 min with a maximum increase of 8% above the pre-CSD level. An injection of 0.9% NaCl (non-CSD trial) did not affect the skin-heating behavior. The present results, together with the changes in skin cooling behavior during CSD reported previously, suggest the involvement of the frontal cortex in the central control of thermoregulation. PMID- 6665051 TI - Maternal licking of young: resource exchange and proximate controls. AB - Rat mothers lick the anogenital area of their young, stimulate reflexive urination, and ingest the urine. To quantify the transfer of body water from offspring to mother, we injected 5- to 30-day-old rat pups with tritiated water and the next day measured the radioactive label in maternal plasma. Rat dams reclaim about 16 ml of water/day from 5-day-old litters, 20 ml/day from 10-day olds, and 40 ml/day from 15-day-olds. Urine consumption decreases to negligible amounts by Day 30. Time-lapse video recordings were used to measure maternal anogenital licking from Days 1-31 postpartum. Water transfer correlated with the developmental diminution of maternal anogenital licking. Maternal anogenital licking is controlled, in part, by the transfer of water from litter to dam and by the mother's salt appetite. Anogenital licking of pups was decreased after dams ingested a 0.15 M solution of NaCl but not after consumption of KCl, implicating a sodium specific mechanism. Licking of other regions of the pup's body was not affected. We discuss mother-infant interactions in terms of bidirectional exchanges of resources that constitute a "symbiotic" association. PMID- 6665052 TI - Early exposure to sugars influences the sugar preference of the adult rat. AB - Female rats were maintained on either a High Sucrose or High Glucose diet during gestation and lactation. Their pups were continued on the same diet as their dam until they were 42 days of age; thereafter all animals were maintained on laboratory chow. From 21-84 days of age, each rat was given a weekly two-choice preference test between the High Sucrose and High Glucose diets. Rats that were fed the High Sucrose diet throughout their early development had heavier body weights and a greater preference for the High Sucrose diet beginning on Day 63 than did the rats that were fed the High Glucose diet. Rats fed the High Glucose diet demonstrated a greater preference for the High Glucose diet during adulthood. These data indicate that early dietary experience can modify the rat's subsequent preference for sugars. PMID- 6665053 TI - Postpartum behavior in the mouse: the contribution of suckling stimulation to water intake, food intake and body weight regulation. AB - Rockland-Swiss (R-S) Albino female mice that receive suckling stimulation from young consume significantly more water and food and gain significantly more weight than dams without young. Excision of nipples (thelectomy) prevents postpartum increases in these consummatory behaviors and in body weight gain even in dams with extensive prior suckling exposure. Thus, both the initiation and maintenance of postpartum ingestive behaviors depend primarily upon suckling stimulation from young. PMID- 6665054 TI - Blood glucose selectively affects taste-evoked activity in rat nucleus tractus solitarius. AB - Gustatory afferent activity and the perceptions it evokes have proven to be modifiable by physiological needs. We monitored changes in taste responses in the rat nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) as a function of blood glucose levels. Taste stimuli were 0.1 M NaCl, 1.0 M glucose, 0.03 M HCl and 0.01 M QHCl. Gustatory activity was selectively modified as an inverse function of blood glucose. Intravenous injections caused blood glucose levels to rise from 90 to near 200 mg% 5-15 min post-injection, with slow recovery thereafter. During the 5-15 min period, NTS responses to glucose were depressed an average 43%, NaCl by 20%, HCl by 16% and QHCl by 3%. Time courses of all responses were unmodified. This effect, probably mediated either by glucoreceptors in NTS or by vagal afferents from the gut, suggests a particular suppression of more appetitive tastes, and so may provide a neural concomitant to the decreased appeal of food which accompanies satiety. PMID- 6665055 TI - Pure tone habituation gradients based on responsiveness to electrical stimuli. AB - Previous study demonstrated that responsiveness to electrical stimulation of subcortical areas of cats was enhanced if preceded by a tone pip. Habituation occurred when the tone was repeatedly presented. In this study, the capacity for generalization of a habituated tone was measured by occasionally interpolating a tone of different frequency or intensity among a group of monotonously presented standard tones, measuring responsiveness in each case. The responses were: (1) the visual cortical evoked potential, (2) evoked EMG activity, and (3) evoked head movement. Frequency shifts and intensity increases produced recovery of responsiveness at latencies as short as 90 msec, while decreases had no effect on recovery. Responsiveness increased with degree of frequency shift up to 576 Hz, but showed no further increase for greater shifts up to 2304 Hz. A shift of 16 Hz was effective, comparable to behavioral thresholds for frequency discrimination. Thus, these gradients agreed with the form predicted on the basis of central fatigue models of habituation and the bandwidth of the eighth nerve fibers. PMID- 6665056 TI - Septal inhibition of aversive emotional states. AB - Two experiments were carried out to test the proposition that electrical stimulation of the septal region of the cat has the capacity to inhibit aversive emotional states. In the first experiment the source of aversive stimulation was electrical stimulation of various hypothalamic regions. The results were: (1) The animals would perform a learned response in order to obtain septal stimulation only if given concomitant aversive hypothalamic stimulation. (2) If septal stimulation was omitted the animal showed a conventional extinction effect. (3) If non-aversive hypothalamic stimulation was substituted for aversive stimulation the animal did not perform to obtain septal stimulation. In the second experiment a side preference was influenced by septal stimulation only when carbachol was administered to the hypothalamus, otherwise septal stimulation was neutral. It was concluded that these data provide evidence of an emotion inhibitory function of activity of the septal region. PMID- 6665057 TI - Attraction and repulsion by amniotic fluids and their olfactory control in the ewe around parturition. AB - The reaction of ewes towards amniotic fluids was studied in intact multiparous ewes in various physiological states (oestrus, luteal phase, mid-pregnancy and around parturition), using a test of preference for food associated or not with the presence of amniotic fluids in the food. Fluids were collected on alien newborn lambs. Results indicate that ewes are strongly repelled by amniotic fluid at all of the times tested except for a short period around parturition. Immediately before expulsion of the foetus ewes become strongly attracted by amniotic fluids. This attraction persists just after parturition, but fades within 4 hours in most animals. This attraction-repulsion behavior appears to rely heavily on olfactory cues. Ewes made anosmic with zinc sulphate do not show repulsion or attraction towards amniotic fluids at any of the physiological states studied. These results are discussed in the light of our knowledge about the factors controlling the onset of maternal behavior in the ewe (hormones and genital stimulation). PMID- 6665058 TI - Effects of estradiol on tissue distribution of newly-synthesized fatty acids in rats and hamsters. AB - Estradiol treatment decreases body weight and adiposity in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and hamsters partly by increasing energy expenditure. Other manipulations which increase energy expenditure (e.g., cold exposure or overfeeding) enhance thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and stimulate BAT fatty acid synthesis/uptake. We examined the effect of estradiol treatment on the in vivo distribution of newly-synthesized fatty acids in OVX rats and hamsters. In both species estradiol treatment increased BAT fatty acid synthesis/uptake (incorporation of tritium from (3H)2O into lipid), consistent with the possibility that enhanced thermogenesis in BAT may contribute to estradiol induced energy expenditure. Estradiol treatment increased BAT lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in hamsters, but not in rats. Thus, hamsters may utilize fatty acids synthesized in other tissues as a fuel for BAT thermogenesis, whereas rats may rely more on in situ lipogenesis. Estradiol-induced decreases in carcass adiposity (white adipose tissue mass) may be accomplished by different means in rats and hamsters. Estradiol treatment reduced white adipose tissue LPL activity and fatty acid synthesis/uptake in rats, but not in hamsters. While there are some species differences in the effects of estradiol on lipid metabolism, it appears that in both rats and hamsters estradiol acts to direct metabolic fuels (especially lipids) away from white adipose tissue storage depots and into tissues where they are oxidized (e.g., BAT). Finally, cold acclimation and estradiol had similar effects in OVX hamsters including increases in BAT fatty acid synthesis/uptake, BAT LPL activity, and energy expenditure. These findings, too, are consistent with a role for BAT in estradiol-induced thermogenesis. PMID- 6665060 TI - An inexpensive direct-line, non-rotating, chronically implanted microdrive for small rodents. AB - A non-rotating, chronically implanted microdrive for small animals is described. The unit can be used for recording both slow wave and single unit activity. PMID- 6665059 TI - Differential rearing affects responsiveness of rats to depressant and convulsant drugs. AB - The effects of postweaning housing in environmental complexity (EC) or isolation cage (IC) conditions upon the development of anesthesia following sodium pentobarbital administration and upon seizure susceptibility following metrazol administration were studied in separate groups of rats. Male and female EC rats lost the righting reflex and developed unconsciousness more rapidly following sodium pentobarbital injection (105 mg/kg, IP) than did littermate IC rats. Male EC and IC rats did not differ in the CD50 (50% convulsion dosage by log probit analysis) following injection of a range of metrazol doses (20 to 35 mg/kg, IP) when they were kept in a quiet dimly lighted room. However, the addition of stroboscopic light stimulation (1-100 Hz) to the above procedure (doses 17.5 to 30 mg/kg) reduced the CD50 for the IC rats but did not affect the CD50 for the EC rats. The results support the view that brain excitability is lower in animals reared in environments providing higher levels of sensory stimulation. PMID- 6665061 TI - The inducer of the feeding response in Penaeus paulensis (Crustacea-Decapoda). AB - When food is presented to P. paulensis, as well as to several other decapods, the animals exhibit a typical feeding behavior. The possible inducer of this response was determined by observing and analyzing their behavior when different chemicals were placed in the water, especially substances normally found in their food. L isoleucine seems to be the most important substance in inducing such reactions. PMID- 6665062 TI - The circadian patterns of spontaneous seminal emission, sexual activity and penile reflexes in the rat. AB - Spontaneous seminal emission (SSE) by sexually naive and experienced rats occurred almost exclusively in the light period of a 14:10 LD cycle. The circadian pattern of SSE slowly shifted following an LD reversal and was completely reversed by three weeks. The diurnal variation in parameters of sexual activity which are associated with sexual arousal shifted much more readily such that it was reversed within one week of the LD reversal. In contract, parameters of sexual behavior which are associated with the ejaculatory mechanism were altered following the LD shift with a phase-shifting pattern more similar to that exhibited for SSE, such that the diurnal variation seen before the LD shift was not reestablished until the third week after the shift. The characteristic pattern of SSE in 14:10 LD lighting was disrupted with two weeks of a shift to constant illumination, but the number and weight of spontaneously produced plugs did not change. Finally, there were no differences in any component of the display of penile reflexes by 29 rats tested in the dark period compared to 19 rats tested in the light period, despite significant circadian variation in the copulatory activity of these animals. PMID- 6665063 TI - VMN lesion deficits in lordosis: partial reversal with pergolide mesylate. AB - Bilateral lesions of the VMN virtually eliminate estrogen-progesterone stimulated lordosis in the spayed female rat. The present paper demonstrates that some recovery in lordosis is possible following treatment with pergolide mesylate, a potent long acting dopamine agonist. Chronic administration of pergolide mesylate in combination with estrogen and progesterone resulted in significant recovery of lordosis in VMN lesioned female rats. The magnitude of recovery was related to the duration and/or dose of pergolide. PMID- 6665064 TI - Relative singularity/mixedness judgements for selected taste stimuli. AB - Quinine hydrochloride, fructose, citric acid, NaCl, monosodium glutamate, KCl, and mixtures of two, three and four solutes were rated and ranked along a continuum from "single" to "mixed" tasting. Quinine was judged most singular, with fructose and citric acid forming a second most singular group. Other stimuli were intermediate while the mixtures were judged most mixed, the mixedness increasing with mixture complexity. When NaCl and fructose were judged with their binary mixtures in the same manner, the degree of mixedness of the mixtures varied with the proportions of the components. PMID- 6665065 TI - Maternal behavior priming in virgin and caesarean-delivered Long-Evans rats: effects of brief contact or continuous exteroceptive pup stimulation. AB - The effects of 8 days of prior exposure to pups (Priming) in the form of continuous exteroceptive (smell, sight and sound), or 15 min/day physical access (taste and touch possible) stimulation on the subsequent latency to become maternal during cohabitation with pups (concaveation) was studied in Long-Evans female rats. Brief daily access was effective in hastening the onset of maternal behavior only in those virgins which engaged in pup licking during Priming and in maintaining short-latency maternal responsiveness only in those day 21 pregnancy terminated, thelectomized rats which initiated maternal behavior during Priming. Exteroceptive stimulation was ineffective in both virgins and caesarean-sectioned rats. These findings stress the importance of physical interactions with pups (unrelated to nipple stimulation) for the development of nurturance. PMID- 6665066 TI - Post training lysine-vasopressin injections increase conditioned suppression in rats. AB - Male rats were trained to lever press for food reward on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement. When stable response rates had been achieved they were trained to avoid footshock (UCS) in a two way shuttle box using a compound conditioning stimulus (CS) of tone and light. Having reached the learning criterion of ten consecutive avoidance responses they were returned to their home cage and injected with saline or lysine vasopressin (LVP 1 microgram/rat/SC) after 30 min. Twenty four hours later, the suppressive effect of the avoidance CS on the appetitive baseline was tested. Rats which had been injected with LVP after avoidance training showed significantly more suppression of the operant response than saline controls. The results are discussed in terms of the behavioural substrate underlying the long term effects of vasopressin on behaviour. PMID- 6665067 TI - Neurological reactivity during medial prefrontal cortex stimulation: effects of self-stimulation experience. AB - Electrical stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex (MFC) induced a moderate behavioral suppression in a series of neurological tests that included measures of (1) open field activity (2) righting and climbing reflexes (3) somatosensory reactivity and (4) approach-withdrawal responsiveness to positive and negative stimuli. The same animals were trained to lever press for medial prefrontal cortex stimulation and after several days of self-stimulation were again tested for neurological reactivity during MFC stimulation. No habituation or lessening of behavioral suppression was evident as a result of self-stimulation experience. Therefore behavioral suppression, by itself, cannot account for the slow acquisition of MFC self-stimulation. Other data suggest that the stimulation interferes with the learning of complex operant responses and/or that the reward value of the stimulation is increased as a result of repetition. PMID- 6665068 TI - Enhanced saline intake and decreased heart rate after area postrema ablations in rat. AB - The area postrema (AP) is a circumventricular organ located in the dorsal medulla. Previous studies found that AP lesions lead to increased saline ingestion in the rat. The salt appetite was thought to be a result of primary disruptions in sodium regulation or in cardiovascular regulation. To assess this we measured food and fluid intakes, urinary electrolyte and aldosterone concentration, and blood pressure and heart rates in AP lesioned and control animals during a period of normal sodium intake and during a period of excessive sodium intake. Rats with AP lesions exhibited sodium appetite but not natriuresis. In fact, sodium intake greatly exceeded output. Their urinary aldosterone levels were similar to those of control animals during both periods. The lesioned rats also had lowered heart rates, yet, their blood pressures were similar to control animals. These results are discussed with reference to a possible role of the AP in satiety and in maintaining homeostasis. PMID- 6665069 TI - Dissociating the determinants of self-stimulation. AB - Four experiments were conducted to elucidate the determinants of the initiation of and escape from electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus under several different reinforcement schedules. The first experiment of this series used correlational and factor analytic techniques to show that, under continuous reinforcement, the vigour of initiation is determined more by forcement than by positive reinforcement. Forcement is defined as all of the performance changes directly elicited and potentiated by the stimulation. Escape is determined by adaptation of positive reinforcement, not by negative reinforcement or aversion. Continuous reinforcement schedules are, therefore, not appropriate for studying either the positive or negative reinforcement produced by brain stimulation. The second experiment used fixed-interval reinforcement schedules to eliminate the effects of forcement on initiation and adaptation of positive reinforcement on escape. Parametric manipulations indicate that activity in the positive reinforcement and escape systems is a simple function of stimulation charge. The combination of parameters which make up a given charge is of relatively little importance. However, the positive reinforcement system becomes maximally activated at far lower charges than does the escape system. The third experiment used a T-maze technique to show that, after 5 sec, anterior hypothalamic stimulation becomes negatively reinforcing, but posterior hypothalamic stimulation does not. Since the escape from posterior hypothalamic stimulation on a fixed-interval schedule can be dissociated from both negative reinforcement and adaptation of positive reinforcement, it is suggested that such escape is reinforced by a positive process triggered by the offset of stimulation (OFF positive reinforcement). The fourth experiment showed that stimulation trains longer than 10 sec are significantly less positively reinforcing than much shorter trains. This reduction in positive reinforcement confirms the development of negative reinforcement in long trains of hypothalamic stimulation, even at posterior electrodes. Negative reinforcement appears to be as general a property of hypothalamic stimulation as is positive reinforcement. Thus, depending on the reinforcement schedule and electrode site, the initiation of lateral hypothalamic stimulation may be determined by ON positive reinforcement, OFF positive reinforcement and forcement. Escape may be determined by OFF positive reinforcement, adaptation of positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6665070 TI - Penile mechanisms and the role of the striated penile muscles in penile reflexes. AB - Gross and subgross anatomical observations of the penis pointed to a mechanical arrangement whereby contraction of the bulbocavernosus (BC) muscles would enhance erections of the glans penis and contraction of the ischiocavernosus (IC) muscles would enhance or produce penis flips. These functions for the muscles were confirmed by electromyographic recordings taken during tests of penile erections and flips in spinal male rats. Surgical removal of the BC muscles did not reduce the total number of erections during penile reflex tests, but did eliminate the flared-cut type of erections. Surgical removal of the IC muscles reduced the occurrence of penile flips and virtually eliminated the long or extended flips. It is hypothesized that contractions of the BC and IC muscles, in producing penile cups and long flips, play a role in dislodgement of previously deposited seminal plugs and deposition of new plugs during mating. Contraction of the BC muscles, in forcefully emptying contents of the urethral diverticulum, would appear to play a role in the ejaculatory process by which the sperm-dense fraction of semen is first delivered to the vagina followed by delivery of a rapidly coagulating seminal plug. PMID- 6665071 TI - The role of the striated penile muscles of the male rat in seminal plug dislodgement and deposition. AB - Seminal plugs, which must be tightly adhered to the vaginal walls for optimal fertilization, are disturbed or loosened by copulatory intromissions. In multi male mating encounters, a male may reduce the sperm delivered by a previous male by dislodging the former male's plug and depositing his own sperm and plug. Recent work has documented that the striated penile muscles are involved in the production of penile erectile cups and flips. This study focused on the effects of penile muscle excision on the ability of male rats to dislodge and deposit tight plugs. Using a radiopaque contrast medium to visualize if a seminal plug was tightly adhered to the vaginal wall, displaced caudally or dislodged, Experiment 1 examined the manner in which plugs were removed during a series of intromissions. The dislodgement process was envisioned as a gradual one beginning with caudal displacement which occurs during the first or second intromission. Following excision of either the bulbocavernosus (BCX) or ischiocavernosus (ICX) muscles in Experiment 2, plug disturbance ability was impaired in 54 percent and 40 percent of BCX and ICX subjects respectively. Ability to deposit tight plugs was impaired in 45 and 20 percent of BCX and ICX subjects respectively. PMID- 6665072 TI - Role of testosterone secretion and penile reflexes in sexual behavior and sperm competition in male rats: a theoretical contribution. AB - A number of experiments have documented that when male rats are exposed to female rats they undergo a marked increase in the secretion of luteinizing hormone and testosterone. This response can be conditioned to other, previously neutral, stimuli associated with mating. Recent work has highlighted the remarkable sensitivity of penile reflexes to fluctuations in blood concentration of testosterone. Other work has pointed to the function of penile reflexes in seminal plug removal and deposition. It is hypothesized that penile reflexes are potentiated by the increase in testosterone that occurs in response to sexually relevant cues and that the potentiated reflexes play a role in sperm competition during multi-male mating encounters. The sperm competition centers around a male rat's ability to dislodge seminal plugs left in the vagina by other males and to deposit his own plug as tightly as possible to resist dislodgement by another. PMID- 6665073 TI - Circadian rhythms in house sparrows: lighting ad lib. AB - House sparrows, Passer domesticus, have circadian rhythms of locomotor activity that can be entrained by light-dark cycles. Perch-hopping activity was studied in house sparrows that were given control of their own lighting. In one series of experiments, sparrows permitted to select their own lighting most commonly chose circadian freerunning cycles. The period of the selected freerunning cycles was 23.2 hr (0.9 hr shorter than the period length the sparrows exhibited in constant dark). The average self-imposed "photoperiods" in the selected freerunning cycles ranged from 8.2-10.0 hr. In a second series of experiments, sparrows were exposed to LDLD1:6:1:16. This cycle can be interpreted ambiguously as the skeleton of a short photoperiod, LD8:16, or of a long photoperiod, LD18:6. All the birds (13 birds; 23 trials) interpreted the skeleton cycle as a short photoperiod because they entrained to it as they would to LD8:16. PMID- 6665074 TI - Food intake and blood fuels after oil consumption: differential effects in normal and diabetic rats. AB - The mechanisms by which fat feeding suppresses the hyperphagia of diabetic rats were examined. Rats that were allowed to consume a small amount (1.5 ml) of corn oil decreased subsequent food intake within 6 hr after ingesting. Diabetic rats decreased food intake much more than normal rats. Similar results were obtained when oil was given intragastrically. Analysis of blood samples revealed that diabetic rats showed greater increases in plasma ketones and triglycerides and smaller increases in plasma glycerol than normal rats following consumption of 1.5 ml corn oil. This difference between diabetic and normal rats appeared when rats were allowed to eat after oil ingestion as well as when they were fasted. Brief periods of food deprivation (2.5-4.5 hr) substantially increased plasma ketones and glycerol and decreased plasma triglycerides in both diabetic and normal rats. The results indicate that diabetic rats decrease food intake more than normal rats after fat feeding because they oxidize more of the ingested fat. PMID- 6665075 TI - The effects of neonatal androgenization of female hamsters on adult preference for female hamster vaginal discharge. AB - The effects of neonatal exposure of hamsters to androgen on the development of an adult preference for female hamster vaginal discharge (FHVD) were investigated. Three groups treated on Days 2-3 postpartum (females administered testosterone propionate (TP) in a peanut oil base, females administered oil alone, and males administered oil alone) were combined factorially with four sequential adult conditions (intact, post-gonadectomy, post-gonadectomy plus TP therapy, and post gonadectomy) to produce twelve experimental conditions. Statistical analysis indicated that neonatal oil females did not show a significant FHVD preference in any adult condition. Neonatal TP females displayed a significant FHVD preference only in the post-gonadectomy plus TP condition. Males retained a significant FHVD preference in all the adult conditions, although the preference shown in the two adult hormonal conditions (intact and post-gonadectomy plus TP) was significantly higher than the preference shown in the two nonhormonal conditions. PMID- 6665076 TI - Facts and fantasies. PMID- 6665077 TI - World cup hockey. PMID- 6665078 TI - A behavioural approach to the rehabilitation of severely brain-injured adults. PMID- 6665079 TI - Assessment of muscle function: a clinical application. PMID- 6665080 TI - The myometer: the development of a clinical tool. PMID- 6665081 TI - The new generation of wheelchairs. PMID- 6665082 TI - The responsibility for physiotherapy prescription. PMID- 6665083 TI - Public relations for the CSP--the way ahead. PMID- 6665084 TI - [Significance of cognitive disorders in interaction with psychotic patients]. AB - The results of psychologic psychosis research point to elementary disturbances in the reception and processing of information. Such impairments are usually not noticeable during routine psychiatric interviews. Attention is drawn to a few reasons for this discrepancy between research results and diagnosis of individual cases. Examples are quoted to show that it is quite possible to obtain information from the patients under certain conditions, allowing the treating physician to detect latent disturbances which can help to supplement available research results. At the end of the article, the author discusses the ensuing consequences when dealing with such patients. PMID- 6665085 TI - [A program for the care of relatives of schizophrenic patients]. AB - The present paper gives a description of a research project which tries to evaluate the significance of family support in reducing relapse rates in schizophrenic patients. Two different forms of support for relatives are compared, a discussion group and an approach furnishing a behavior training in addition. The report is supplemented by depicting some key conditions which should be taken into consideration when establishing a support system for relatives in a Mental State Hospital. This account is based on the data of 35 patients and 62 meetings with relatives collected during the pilot phase of the project. PMID- 6665086 TI - [Age and sex dependence of schizophrenic delusional themes--a contribution to the understanding of abnormal thinking?]. AB - In the frame of statistical evaluations of different kinds of delusional themes some of them depended on sex and age of the schizophrenic patients. Thus, female persons suffered in a significant way much more from delusions with direct influence on their body and delusional jealousy than male persons. On the other hand the symptomatology of the older patients showed significant frequencies in delusions with distant disturbances in comparison with younger ones. The results were discussed in context with the problematic of understanding the delusion. To accentuate the psychosocial connections of psychopathological ways of thinking social cliches respectively common stereotypes were proved. Last not least "regressive" tendencies in delusional themes were regarded in the view of the social situation of the peoples having these symptoms. PMID- 6665087 TI - [Treatment indications in psychiatric emergencies]. AB - 6 investigators of a "Psychiatric Emergency Service" recorded 299 outpatient emergency cases which required immediate involuntary admission in accordance with a new Hamburg Civil Law. To identify the factors exercising an influence on the indication for involuntary admission, the 299 interventions were compared resulting in outpatient treatment (n = 93) vs. voluntary admission (n = 84) vs. involuntary admission (n = 122). It was shown that the factors "diagnosis", "hazard", and, in particular, the interaction between patient and emergency physician, mainly determine the indication. The interactions of these factors are differentiated in detail, with respect to age, sex, and social factors. PMID- 6665088 TI - [Sectoring of a university clinic]. AB - In 1980 the psychiatric clinic of the University of Hamburg took charge of a catchment area within the city of Hamburg. From this year on the clinic decided to provide half of its in-patient and day clinic capacity (that is 71 beds and 10 day clinic places) for a population of 139,000 living in this region. The effects of this decision are discussed on three levels: - changes in the patient population - opinions and attitudes of the clinic personnel - implications for the organizational structure RESULTS: The proportion of in-patients from the catchment area increased from 20% to 45% due to the clinic taking charge of this region. This increase did not much change the characteristics of the total in patient population admitted to the clinic, except for a shift towards more older patients and more patients with a diagnosis of dementia or organic psychosis. Around two thirds of the clinic personnel held a predominantly positive view of the clinic's decision to establish a catchment area. Contrary to some hopes the internal structure of the clinic did not change much in response to its newly acquired responsibility for the catchment area. Nevertheless a period of one year seems too short for such changes to occur. PMID- 6665089 TI - The transmethylation and one-carbon cycle hypotheses of schizophrenia. PMID- 6665090 TI - Neuropsychological studies of callosal agenesis. PMID- 6665091 TI - Clinical and experimental aspects of interactions between amine oxidase inhibitors and amine re-uptake inhibitors. AB - Dangerous and even fatal interactions can occur in man following combinations of antidepressants which include non-selective MAO inhibitors. To ascertain the causation, interactions reproducing the clinical phenomena have been elicited in animals with these combinations, and the mechanisms involved have been explored by various pharmacological strategies; 5-HT re-uptake inhibitors proved especially hazardous in combination. Interactions could, however, be avoided even with the 5-HT re-uptake inhibitors, by combination with relatively selective MAO A or B inhibitors, an approach with potential clinical value. PMID- 6665092 TI - Correlates of cerebral event-related slow potentials and psychopathology. AB - The study explored associations between the cerebral event-related slow potentials (ERSP) and psychiatric symptoms and syndromes as reflected by the Present State Examination (PSE) in 36 randomly selected psychiatric in-patients. Independent raters measured the readiness potential (RP), contingent negative variation (CNV) and post-imperative negative variation (PINV) in terms of their amplitude and duration. The 360 individual PSE items were grouped into units of analysis (UA) and further collapsed into groups of units of analysis (GUA). Canonical correlations were computed between two sets of variables (psychological and electrophysiological). Kendall's rank-order correlation was used as the main statistical approach. Some psychotic signs were associated with increased PINV amplitude. Obsessive thoughts, ideas of reference and verbal hallucinations correlated with longer PINV duration. Hopelessness and suicidal thoughts (affect laden thoughts) as well as first-rank Schneiderian symptoms (FRS) were negatively correlated with CNV amplitude. The results support the hypothesis that CNV and PINV, alone or in combination, can be used to indicate the presence or absence of identifiable psychiatric symptoms and syndromes. The implications of electrophysiological correlates of psychopathology for psychiatric nosology and for the validity of psychiatric symptoms and syndromes were discussed. PMID- 6665093 TI - Bouffee delirante: an examination of its current status. AB - Bouffee delirante is an historic and unique French diagnostic term for a short lived psychosis. The key diagnostic features are acute, floridly psychotic symptoms with complete remission. Its use in a Paris hospital has been examined, and it appears that the term is declining in popularity. A case-controlled study indicated that the diagnosis is likely to be given to migrants on first admission. A re-diagnosis of case summaries indicated no particular correspondence of bouffee delirante to any one ICD category. However, the usefulness of having a special diagnostic term for psychosis with a good outcome is discussed. PMID- 6665094 TI - Stereotyped responding by schizophrenic patients on a two-choice guessing task. AB - On each of a sequence of trials subjects had to guess whether a cross would appear on the left or the right side of a computer screen. The sequence of cross positions was random. Normal controls, manic-depressive patients and patients with senile dementia produced relatively random sequences of responses, as did acute schizophrenic patients with positive symptoms. Acute schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms and chronic patients produced more stereotyped sequences with many response alternations (LRLR). Chronic schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms and intellectual deterioration (defect state) produced very stereotyped sequences with many preservations (LLLL). This severe restriction of response sequences is similar to that shown by animals after treatment with amphetamine. It is suggested that it is due to an impairment of a higher order control process which normally inhibits the repetition of sequences of behaviour when these have proved inappropriate. PMID- 6665096 TI - Parents of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. AB - Family histories obtained from 27 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder failed to find a single parent with the disorder. To augment the family history data the Leyton Obsessional Inventory was completed by a subset of 10 patients and by their 20 parents. Although as a group parents showed lower Leyton Obsessional Inventory symptom scores than their obsessional offspring, 3 parents who had not been identified by family history were distinguished by high symptom scores in the absence of significant resistance or interference. PMID- 6665095 TI - Do positive symptom and negative symptom subtypes of schizophrenia show qualitative differences in language production? AB - The present study examined a prominent symptom subtype conception of the psychopathology of schizophrenia. It analysed the presumed dichotomy between hallucinations, delusions and formal thought disorder as positive symptoms and flattening of affect and poverty of speech as negative symptoms, and tested predictions concerning the nature of the mediating processes of positive and negative symptoms. Four different analyses were applied to the transcripts of speech produced by 9 normals, 10 chronic schizophrenics with only positive symptoms of whom 7 had incoherence of speech, and 9 chronic schizophrenics with only negative symptoms of whom 4 had poverty of speech. The conception of the nature of the mediating processes of positive and negative symptoms was not supported by the results. Further, a clear dichotomy between positive and negative symptom groups was not shown to exist, because positive speech disorder and negative speech disorder did not follow the presupposed dichotomy. Thus, contrary to existing conceptions of speech disorder in schizophrenia, both positive and negative speech disorder are marked by poverty of thought, as measured by the production of fewer and shorter ideas and lower speech variability. PMID- 6665097 TI - Hostile emotion and obsessional neurosis. AB - The literature on the place of hostile emotion in obsessional neurosis is reviewed. In the main study 11 obsessional neurotic and 11 depressive patients matched for severity of illness were given questionnaires to measure experienced hostility and anger, and a repertory grid of standard form. The obsessional group showed a qualitatively distinct correlational pattern of measured aspects of hostility-anger, including a high correlation between outwardly directed aspects of hostility and anger; this pattern was replicated in a validation study. In contrast, the obsessional group was not differentiated by a negative cognitive set. Treatment implications for obsessional neurosis are briefly discussed. PMID- 6665098 TI - A comparison of characteristics in the families of patients with anorexia nervosa and normal controls. AB - The present study compared families of patients with anorexia nervosa with families of non-anorexic adolescent daughters of a similar social class. All anorexics and adolescent comparison girls and their parents were studied using a variety of psychometric measures. Body size estimation and physical anhedonia were also measured. Family characteristics were assessed using the Family Assessment Measure (FAM). Contrary to the hypotheses, no abnormalities were found in terms of parental attitudes to weight control or dieting. The mothers of anorexics displayed no increase in psychopathology on any of the measures. The fathers scored very similarly to controls but with higher degrees of conscientiousness. Neither fathers nor mothers displayed abnormalities of their own body size estimates or body satisfaction. On the FAM the anorexic families reported an increased pathology on several sub-scales. It is not possible to say whether these disturbances are part of the pathogenesis or are sequelae to the illness. PMID- 6665099 TI - Cross-cultural differences in the perception of female body shapes. AB - Whereas in Western societies there is an inverse relationship between high social class and low body weight, the inverse is true of less developed, non-Western societies. It has also been shown that the longer immigrants have been in Western societies, the less obese they tend to be. This study examined how Kenyan Asian, British and Kenyan British females from similar backgrounds perceived female body shapes. As predicted, the Kenyans rated larger figures more favourably and smaller figures less favourably than the British. Also, as predicted, it was found that the Kenyan Asian British were more similar to the British group in their perceptions. The results support the view that social and cultural factors play dominant role in the perception of one's own and others' body shapes. In addition, the results reveal that in Britain preferences for small body shapes to the point of being anorexic are not uncommon. PMID- 6665100 TI - Psychosocial intervention with cancer patients: a review. AB - It is well established that a diagnosis of cancer and the subsequent treatment can cause a great deal of stress, and the need for psychosocial support is increasingly being advocated. The data for the efficacy of intervention programmes are reviewed. The evidence relating to the benefits gained by patients is equivocal. The indication is that a selective rather than a blanket service is needed, with the target for intervention being patients at high risk for psychological morbidity. The advantages of one type of support over another remain unproven. PMID- 6665101 TI - The long-term psychological adjustment of children treated for congenital dislocation of the hip. AB - Eighty-one children previously treated for congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) before the age of 5 were followed up several years after their treatment, and their psychological adjustment was compared with that of 3 other groups; (i) 44 children who had experienced a single hospital admission of less than a week before the age of 5; (ii) 26 children who had experienced 2 or more hospital admissions, the first being before the age of 5; and (iii) 51 children who had no experience of hospital admission. All 4 groups were similar in composition in terms of sex ratio, age at follow-up, family size, birth order, parental age and social situation. Psychological adjustment was measured by means of Rutter's questionnaires for parents and teachers. In addition, the children completed a Schonell reading test. Both the parental and the teacher's questionnaires selected more disordered children in the CDH group. The CDH group also had a higher total score and more health and behaviour problems than did the single admission group on the parental questionnaire. On the teacher's questionnaire they were more antisocial than the single and no admission groups combined. No significant differences were found on the reading test. While the overall impression is that the CDH group are poorly adjusted, there is some suggestion that it is the younger children who are contributing to this effect. PMID- 6665102 TI - Early parental death and adult depression. AB - In a matched controlled clinical study of 300 neurotic depressives collected over 6 years, 13% had experienced parental death before 17 years of age compared with 10.7% of the controls; this difference was not significant. There were no significant differences between the two groups when maternal or paternal death was examined separately either before 11 or 17 years of age. Thus the experience of parental death as a child is not in itself a risk factor for neurotic depression as seen in psychiatric patients. PMID- 6665103 TI - The behaviour of schizophrenic day-patients at home: an assessment by relatives. AB - Relatives of 39 schizophrenic patients attending a day hospital in South Glamorgan assessed the patients' behaviour at home covering a period of one week. The results pointed to the existence of a sub-group of patients with severe behavioural problems. These patients had had more psychiatric admissions, and had spent a longer total time in hospital. The proportion of forms of behaviour regarded as problems by the relatives themselves was lower than that suggested by their assessments, except in the families where the patient exhibited severe behavioural difficulties. The findings are discussed in terms of the practical difficulties regarding home-management by relatives of the schizophrenic. PMID- 6665104 TI - Children born to mentally retarded women: a 1-21 year follow-up study of 41 cases. AB - Fifteen mentally retarded Swedish women, judged to be a representative sample, gave birth to 41 children. These children were followed up at the age of 1-21 years with regard to registrations in the Social Register, the Board for Provisions and Services to the Mentally Retarded and the files of the Child and Youth Psychiatric Departments. One child had died, and of the remaining 40 85% had or had exhibited severe psychosocial problems according to register data. The implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 6665105 TI - 'Smoking, personality and reasons for smoking': a reply to Eysenck. AB - A study is reported in which smokers are shown to have higher psychoticism scores than non-smokers. This result is discussed in the context of the comments made by Eysenck (1983) on an earlier paper of ours (McManus & Weeks, 1982). PMID- 6665106 TI - Diagnosis and classification of mental disorders and alcohol- and drug-related problems: a research agenda for the 1980s. PMID- 6665107 TI - The array-size function in simple visual search tasks: a comparison between a "go no go" and a "detection" task under conditions of low target-noise similarity. PMID- 6665108 TI - Parallel processing of redundant targets in simple visual search tasks. PMID- 6665109 TI - Sentences before and after pictures: how do verbal specifications influence picture recognition? PMID- 6665110 TI - The nature of processing early in picture perception. PMID- 6665111 TI - Effects of test-mask similarity on forward and backward masking of patterns by patterns. PMID- 6665112 TI - Chronic pain. Psychosomatic illness review: no. 14 in a series. PMID- 6665113 TI - Anorexia nervosa in the male: an underdiagnosed disorder. PMID- 6665114 TI - Sexual side effects of antidepressant drugs. PMID- 6665115 TI - Psychiatric aspects of AIDS. PMID- 6665116 TI - Treatment of emotional lability with low-dosage tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 6665117 TI - Deep-vein thrombosis with antipsychotic drugs. PMID- 6665118 TI - Energy metabolism, brain size and longevity in mammals. AB - The mathematical relations between basal energy metabolism, brain size, and life span in mammals have been investigated. The evolutionary level of brain development, or encephalization (c), is a function both of brain weight (E) and of body weight (P) according to (formula; see text) Brain weight was found to be a linear function of the product of encephalization and basal metabolic rate. The oxygen consumption of the brain (Mbrain) is proportional to both encephalization and body weight according to (formula; see text) The ratio of metabolic rate in the cerebral cortex to that in the brain as a whole depends solely upon the degree of encephalization and is independent of the size of the animal. The maximum potential life span of a mammal was found to be proportional to the product of its degree of encephalization and the reciprocal of its metabolic rate per unit weight. Life span may be regarded as the algebraic sum of two components: (1) a deduced somatic component (Lb) inversely related to the basal metabolic rate per unit weight, and (2) an encephalization component (Le) related directly to the evolutionary increase of relative brain size. PMID- 6665119 TI - Lung tumor induction in Syrian hamsters with internally deposited particulate Pu: a synthesis based on microscopic dose distribution. AB - Syrian hamsters inhaled a monodisperse aerosol of 238PuO2 and were serially sacrificed to study the microscopic distribution of particles, tissue at risk and dose as a function of time after exposure. The distribution of dose and tissue at risk around single particles in lung and the changes in distribution of particles with time have been reported previously. In the present paper, these measurements are applied to the computation of tissue-at-risk and radiation-dose-rate distributions within the lungs of Syrian hamsters. Based on these results, airway epithelium is irradiated at the same levels as other lung tissue and does not require separate consideration on the basis of dose to tissue. Incorporation of the measured microscopic radiation dose distribution into existing dose-effect models allowed data on lung tumor induction in Syrian hamsters from several laboratories to be adequately described by a model fit to data from a single laboratory. PMID- 6665120 TI - On the mechanism of 60-Hz electric field induced effects in Pisum sativum L. roots: vertical field exposures. AB - Roots of Pisum sativum L. were chronically exposed to 60-Hz vertical electric fields ranging from 150 to 450V/m in an aqueous medium whose conductivity was approximately 0.07 S/m. Control and exposed roots were grown concomitantly in the same tank whose medium was continuously circulated and maintained at 19 degrees C. The experiments were conducted blind. Root growth rates were determined daily and the mitotic index was determined for various intervals over a 24-h period, ranging from 12 h before to 12 h after electrode energization. Root growth rates were affected in a dose dependent relationship by exposures greater than 250 V/m. Mitotic indices were not affected by 150 V/m but were affected at 350 V/m; the former exposure did not alter root growth rates, the latter did. The growth rates of vertically exposed roots were compared to those of horizontally exposed roots; the former are more sensitive at a given field strength. The observations are consistent with the postulate that the electric field acts upon the cell through a perturbation of the transmembrane potential. PMID- 6665121 TI - Increasing productivity in recent European oak trees? AB - As an attempt to analyze the role of the biosphere in the disturbed carbon cycle, as far as the standing biomass is concerned, a search for growth trends in tree ring series was started. A group of 27 cut oak trees from various locations in Europe and with ages between 25 and 262 years was analyzed in the following way: (1) A two-parameter smoothing function applied to each single tree cancelled out the year-to-year noise of ring widths; (2) this function containing the growth information over the whole life span of a tree was used to compute the (smoothed) width of the 40th and the 80th ring for each tree; (3) each ring width derived from a single tree in this way was plotted vs time, i.e., over the particular year of its formation. A statistical analysis of these plots shows that the variation of ring widths (delta r) in time (t) is best represented by an exponential function of the form delta rn(t) = delta r0n + aebt (n = 40; 80). The pre-industrial value, delta r0n (for t approximately less than 1,800), turns out to be identical with the 2,700 years average of European oak trees, as found by Hollstein (1979) in his dendrochronological work. Several possibilities are discussed what might have caused such growth trend. PMID- 6665122 TI - No-effect of a static uniform magnetic field on mouse trypanosomiasis. PMID- 6665123 TI - Treatment of sleep disorders III: Enuresis, sleepwalking, night terrors and nightmares. PMID- 6665124 TI - A molecular approach to the diagnosis of virus infections. PMID- 6665125 TI - Immune complexes in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 6665127 TI - Some pathogenetic aspects of Borna disease. PMID- 6665126 TI - Immunological abnormalities and immunotherapeutic attempts in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 6665128 TI - Monitoring changes in the blood of patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6665129 TI - The cerebrospinal fluid in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6665130 TI - Analysis of antigens in the circulating immune complexes of patients with Coxsackie infections. PMID- 6665132 TI - Vasopressin and oxytocin: distribution and putative functions in the brain. PMID- 6665131 TI - Complement deficiency syndromes and bacterial infections. PMID- 6665133 TI - Quantitative distribution of neurohypophysial hormones in human brain and spinal cord. PMID- 6665135 TI - Excitation of hippocampal neurones by posterior pituitary peptides: vasopressin and oxytocin compared. PMID- 6665134 TI - Neurohypophysial peptides in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 6665136 TI - Central actions of neurohypophysial hormones. PMID- 6665137 TI - A comparison of the learning abilities of Brattleboro rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus and Long-Evans rats using positively reinforced operant conditioning. PMID- 6665138 TI - Transplanted vasopressin neurones and central nervous system effects of vasopressin. PMID- 6665139 TI - The neurophysins: production and turnover. PMID- 6665140 TI - The structure of the precursor to arginine-vasopressin: a model preprohormone. PMID- 6665141 TI - Harbingers and hormones: inter-relationships of rat neurohypophysial hormone precursors in vivo. PMID- 6665142 TI - The neurophysin domains in the neurohypophysial hormone precursors. PMID- 6665143 TI - Ultrastructural manifestations of increased hormone release in the neurohypophysis. PMID- 6665144 TI - Intracellular membrane movements associated with hormone release in magnocellular neurones. PMID- 6665146 TI - The neurohypophysis: structure, function and control. PMID- 6665145 TI - Stimulus-secretion coupling. PMID- 6665147 TI - Mechanisms of inactivation of neurohypophysial hormone release. PMID- 6665148 TI - Presynaptic interactions in the neurohypophysis: endogenous modulators of release. PMID- 6665149 TI - Differential regulation of oxytocin- and vasopressin-secreting nerve terminals. PMID- 6665150 TI - Enkephalin-glial interaction and its consequence for vasopressin and oxytocin release from the rat neural lobe. PMID- 6665151 TI - Design of potent and selective in vivo antagonists of the neurohypophysial peptides. PMID- 6665152 TI - Critical differences between species in the in vivo and in vitro renal responses to antidiuretic hormone antagonists. PMID- 6665153 TI - Vasopressin vascular and reflex effects--a theoretical analysis. PMID- 6665154 TI - Centrally acting humoral factors in the control of vasopressin release. PMID- 6665155 TI - Neurohypophysial hormones and central cardiovascular control. PMID- 6665157 TI - Vasopressin and adrenal cortical interactions. PMID- 6665156 TI - Role of neurones in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in cardiovascular control. PMID- 6665158 TI - Gonadal sources of the posterior pituitary hormones. PMID- 6665159 TI - Secretion of oxytocin by the corpus luteum in sheep. PMID- 6665160 TI - The organum vasculosum laminae terminalis: a critical area for osmoreception. PMID- 6665161 TI - A tentative theory of schizophrenic utterance. PMID- 6665162 TI - Psychophysiological processes in delinquency-prone young adults. PMID- 6665164 TI - Genetic mechanisms in carcinogenesis. PMID- 6665163 TI - Neurometric evaluation of cognitive dysfunctions and neurological disorders in children. PMID- 6665165 TI - Transfer of phorbol ester promotability by transfection of DNA from promotable into nonpromotable cells. PMID- 6665167 TI - Use of a viral probe to study recombinational exchanges in mammalian cells. PMID- 6665168 TI - An in vitro model of epithelial cell neoplastic progression: growth properties and polypeptide composition of cell lines. PMID- 6665166 TI - Specificity of interaction between carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and nuclear proteins: widespread occurrence of a restricted pattern of histone binding in intact cells. PMID- 6665169 TI - Cross-linking of nuclear antigens to DNA in HeLa cells. PMID- 6665170 TI - Expression of mutated actin gene associated with malignant transformation. PMID- 6665171 TI - Phenotypic changes in epithelial cell population undergoing neoplastic transformation in vitro. PMID- 6665172 TI - The oncogene of a human bladder carcinoma. PMID- 6665173 TI - Transforming genes of neoplasms. PMID- 6665174 TI - Significance of specific chromosomal translocations and trisomies for the genesis of murine and human tumors of the lymphocyte-plasmacyte lineage. PMID- 6665175 TI - Quantitation of one aspect of karyotype instability associated with neoplastic transformation in Chinese hamster cells. PMID- 6665176 TI - Mechanism of mutation at the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase locus in CHO cells. PMID- 6665177 TI - Evolution of RNA tumor viruses: analogy for nonviral carcinogenesis. PMID- 6665178 TI - Genetic and probability aspects of cell transformation by chemical carcinogens. PMID- 6665180 TI - [Snail beta-D-mannosidase]. PMID- 6665179 TI - Replication and demethylation of O6-methylguanine in DNA. PMID- 6665181 TI - [Hypersensitivity to ether oils: incidence of allergy and sources of allergens]. PMID- 6665182 TI - [Results of phototoxic tests depending upon the season]. PMID- 6665183 TI - [Significance of the reactivity to tuberculin, streptokinase and streptodornase in atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 6665184 TI - [Endoscopic and histopathological changes in the gastric and intestinal mucosa in patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 6665185 TI - [Penicillin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients treated with procaine penicillin]. PMID- 6665186 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test in syphilis]. PMID- 6665187 TI - [Epidemiology of dermatomycoses of the feet in swimmers]. PMID- 6665188 TI - [Chloromycosis of subcutaneous tissue]. PMID- 6665189 TI - [Comparative evaluation of 2 methods of fractionated soft X-ray therapy of basal cell carcinoma of the skin]. PMID- 6665190 TI - [Oxygen therapy of leg ulcers]. PMID- 6665191 TI - [Detection of incomplete anti-Brucella antibodies by a modified coagglutination method]. PMID- 6665192 TI - [Reversion of attenuated vaccine "Brucellovac" after passage in laboratory animals irradiated with gamma rays]. PMID- 6665193 TI - [Role of dogs and cats in the transmission of giardiasis]. PMID- 6665194 TI - [Epidemiology of lambliasis. II. Repeated coproscopic examinations of children in day care centers]. PMID- 6665195 TI - [Passive hemagglutination test in the diagnosis of fascioliasis (fasciola hepatica) in humans]. PMID- 6665196 TI - [Incidence of tuberculous meningoencephalitis 1968-1980 in the 0-19 age group]. PMID- 6665197 TI - [Mycotic skin infections transmitted by laboratory animals]. PMID- 6665199 TI - [Toxocariasis]. PMID- 6665200 TI - [Epidemiology of cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 6665198 TI - [Blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers under physiological conditions and in inflammatory states of the central nervous system]. PMID- 6665201 TI - [Changes in the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) during a 3-year period. II. Relation between PEFR increase and socio-environmental and health factors]. PMID- 6665202 TI - [Pattern of tobacco smoking in Poland]. PMID- 6665204 TI - [Aeromonas hydrophila var. anaerogenes as a probable etiologic factor in food poisoning]. PMID- 6665203 TI - [Epidemiologic studies on the relation between pathological states and the quality of drinking water and its pollution]. PMID- 6665205 TI - [Salmonella agona infections in infants]. PMID- 6665206 TI - [Unusual course of localized tetanus]. PMID- 6665207 TI - Lipids and proteins of lipoproteins in human atherosclerosis. PMID- 6665208 TI - [Primary hyperlipoproteinemia in its clinical and laboratory aspects. IV. Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis indicators]. PMID- 6665209 TI - [Value of determining left-ventricular systolic time intervals in basic states for the diagnosis of coronary disease in patients with angina pectoris and the normal resting electrocardiogram]. PMID- 6665211 TI - [Prevention of ischemic heart disease. Report of the World Health Organization Expert Committee. II]. PMID- 6665210 TI - [Dysproteinemia and blood lysozyme activity in patients with ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6665212 TI - [Differential diagnosis of hypertension]. PMID- 6665213 TI - [Differential diagnosis of hypotensive states]. PMID- 6665214 TI - [Multiple accidental bone fractures in a patient treated by dialysis for terminal renal failure]. PMID- 6665215 TI - [Myeloma nephropathy in patients at the Nephrological Clinic, Institute of Internal Medicine, Medical Academy, Cracow]. PMID- 6665216 TI - [Electromyographic studies of skeletal muscles in patients with primary congestive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6665217 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital heart defects in infants under extracorporeal circulation with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest]. PMID- 6665218 TI - [Problems of the qualification and preparation for non-cardiac surgery in patients with coexisting diseases of the circulatory system]. PMID- 6665219 TI - [Evaluation of the exposure of the human population to environmental pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]. PMID- 6665221 TI - [Prevention of ischemic heart disease. Report of the WHO Expert Committee. I]. PMID- 6665220 TI - [Analytical and toxicological problems in modern drug poisonings]. PMID- 6665222 TI - [Evaluation of coronary disease risk factors in men aged 30-59 years systematically engaged in sports]. PMID- 6665223 TI - [Incidence of foot mycoses among various population groups in Cracow]. PMID- 6665224 TI - [Primary hyperlipoproteinemia from its clinical and laboratory aspects. I. Patient data in the light of anamestic and subjective symptoms]. PMID- 6665225 TI - [Primary hyperlipoproteinemia from its clinical and laboratory aspects. II. Lipid compounds in the blood serum]. PMID- 6665227 TI - [Simplified method of identifying addictive drugs under international control]. PMID- 6665226 TI - [The clinico-electroencephalographic picture in acute poisoning with tricyclic antidepressive drugs]. PMID- 6665228 TI - Toxins classified under Appendix F of the Guidelines. PMID- 6665229 TI - Location of topics in NIH guidelines for research involving recombinant DNA molecules. PMID- 6665230 TI - Chlorpropamide-ethanol induced met-enkephalin secretion in dogs: release mechanisms and biochemical characterisation. AB - Circulating met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (MLI) rises in man after chlorpropamide and ethanol although the origin and molecular forms of circulating MLI are not well defined. We have studied the response to oral ethanol in conscious and anaesthetised dogs pretreated with chlorpropamide. In conscious dogs MLI rose from a basal level of 29 +/- 7 pg/ml to a peak of 55 +/- 14 pg/ml 10 min after ethanol (P less than 0.001). In anaesthetised animals, following ethanol, plasma MLI rose in caval (35 +/- 6 pg/ml to a peak of 70 +/- 10 pg/ml), in portal (28 +/- 6 pg/ml to 51 +/- 6 pg/ml) and in adrenal blood (897 +/- 316 pg/ml to 1483 +/- 298 pg/ml; P less than 0.001). Biogel P-4 chromatography of caval and portal basal plasma showed 87% of MLI measured coeluted with the synthetic pentapeptide, while chromatography of peak plasma showed that only 65% coeluted with the pentapeptide and the remaining 35% was of larger molecular size. Sephadex G75 chromatography of adrenal vein plasma revealed three peaks of MLI of differing molecular sizes (8 k = 69.7%; 3-5 k = 12.1% and the pentapeptide = 18.2%). Treatment of the column fractions with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B resulted in the generation of new MLI with peaks of approximate molecular sizes 31 k (10.4%), and 18 k (37.1%) in addition to 8 k (40.0%), 3-5 k (5.0%) and the pentapeptide (7.5%). Acetaldehyde involvement in MLI release was investigated. Following acetaldehyde infusion, plasma MLI rose both in caval (35 +/- 9 pg/ml to 86 +/- 8 pg/ml) and adrenal vein (417 +/- 121 pg/ml to 1768 +/- 433 pg/ml) bloods. Thus we have established an animal model which enables further study of the mechanisms of MLI release and characterisation of the molecular forms. The adrenal medulla, unlike the gut, may be an important source of circulating met enkephalin and acetaldehyde formation an essential intrinsic component of chlorpropamide-ethanol induced met-enkephalin release. PMID- 6665231 TI - Absolute humidity measurement utilizing alpha-ray absorption. AB - Changes in air density due to humidity were measured by a scintillation detector with alpha-particles. The distance between the scintillator and an alpha-ray source of 241 Am, 3.7 MBq (100 microCi), was fixed at 25 mm which was a little shorter than the range of alpha-particles from the source. The measured absolute humidities were in a range of 7.9 g/m3 to 52.2 g/m3 at temperatures of 35 degrees C and 45 degrees C and under atmospheric pressure. The counting rate of alpha particles in an absolute humidity of 31.7 g/m3 (80% in relative humidity) at 35 degrees C increased 28% compared with that in dry air. From experimental results and theoretical calculation, the counting rate difference between humid air and dry air was shown to be almost proportional to the absolute humidity in air. The absolute humidity can be measured with an accuracy of +/- 3 g/m3, that is +/- 5% in relative humidity at 45 degrees C. PMID- 6665232 TI - [Measurement of bee venom specific IgG antibody in bee venom hypersensitivity and the relation between the specific IgE antibody and total IgE]. AB - Bee venom specific IgG antibodies for honeybee and common wasp were measured in normal control group, slightly bee injury group, heavy bee injury group and honeybee keeper's group. Relation among bee venom specific IgG antibody, bee venom specific IgE antibody and total IgE was analyzed. Normal control level of bee venom specific IgG antibody was measured under 60 U/ml. Bee venom specific IgG antibody in slightly bee injury group was higher than that in heavy bee injury group. Bee venom specific IgE antibody in slightly bee injury group was lower than that in heavy bee injury group. Bee venom specific IgE antibody in bee keeper's group was very high but bee venom specific IgG antibody was also high. From this results it seems that bee venom hypersensitivity can be prevented by high titer of bee venom specific IgG antibody even if bee venom specific IgE antibody is high titer. PMID- 6665233 TI - Whole body autoradiography of 5-fluorouracil-6-14C in nude mice bearing murine leukemia cells P388. AB - Whole body autoradiography of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-6-14C intraperitoneally injected to nude mice bearing murine leukemia cells (P388) indicated that absorption of 5-FU from mesenterium to digestive gland and canals was so quick that liver and stomach as well as duodenum had intensive radioactivity as 10 and 30 min after administration. Lower intestine had less radioactivity than duodenum and it was reduced noticeably as time passed. The activity in the kidney at initial stage was distributed throughout the cortex but it was concentrated to transitional zone between cortex and outer medulla at h stage. Lung had moderate activity throughout this experiment. Muscles and central nervous system had little radioactivity. Bone appeared radioactive to some extent. Interestingly, heart and cross section of blood vessels in liver and kidney had not radioactivity indicating that 5-FU was not retained in circulating system. These results were compared with that of uracil-14C and 5-fluorouracil-2-14C described by others. PMID- 6665234 TI - Absorption and excretion of suprofen in both sexes of rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. AB - DL-2-(4-2-Thienylcarbonyl)phenyl)propionic acid (suprofen) was rapidly absorbed in both sexes of rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits after oral administration. Blood levels after a single dose of 2 mg/kg 3H-suprofen in all the animals reached maxima within 15 min, and elimination of the 3H from blood was rapid; the radioactivity was mostly excreted in the urine and feces within 24 h after dosing. PMID- 6665235 TI - [Experimental studies on Gastrin RIA II kit]. PMID- 6665236 TI - [Report on a nationwide survey of the status of the practice in nuclear medicine using the ICPM (International Classification of Procedures in Medicine) Codes]. PMID- 6665238 TI - [Proposal of an echotomographic method of guided portal catheterization]. AB - To identify the frontal plane on which to find the right branch of the portal vein in 33 patients who underwent transhepatic percutaneous portography, we used a real-time ultrasonic scanner improved with an original device conceived for this specific need. The suggested method reduced the number of the ineffectual punctures of the liver, allowing in nearly all cases the cannulation of the right branch on the first attempts. PMID- 6665237 TI - [Echographic study of the inferior vena cava in abdominal neoplastic pathology. Comparison with the inferior cavography]. AB - The authors evaluated the reliability of echography in the involvement of the inferior vena cava in the abdominal tumors. 137 patients were studied with echography and 125 with inferior cavography too. All the diagnosis were confirmed with arteriography and/or CT and/or surgical findings. The reliability of the echographic method was significant, and particularly in case of emboli and tumor invasion. PMID- 6665239 TI - [Value of double-contrast examination of the stomach in the diagnosis of gastric erosion]. AB - The authors remark the value of double contrast examination in the diagnosis of gastric erosions. The diagnostic accuracy makes this method more informative than conventional examination and really competitive with endoscopy. PMID- 6665240 TI - [Renal contrast radiography study in hypertensive patients: comparison of the nephrotoxicity of ionic and non-ionic contrast media]. AB - The results of a study carried out on 32 patients with arterial hypertension about nephrotoxic effect obtained with a new non-ionic contrast agent have been reported. The diagnostic approach was based on the determination of the urinary excretion of two characteristic enzymes of the proximal tubule-epithelial cells (alfa-glycosidase and gamma-glutamil-transferase) and of a microprotein (beta-2 microglobulin) filtered by glomeruli and readsorbed and catalized by epithelial cells. The method used show an increased sensitivity and reliability in the early recognition of a kidney damage as well as in the control of anatomic and functional changes, in comparison with the classic parameters (azotemia, creatininemia). The results show a significantly lower enzymuric and microproteinuric level using non-ionic contrast media, also, in the patients at relatively higher risk of kidney damage. This results should be interpreted in favour to a lower potential nephrotoxicity of non-ionic contrast media and their elective use in the patients with a higher risk of kidney damage. PMID- 6665241 TI - [Angiography in the evaluation of injuries of the peripheral arteries]. AB - The authors present the results achieved with angiographic evaluation of 34 patients suffering from extremity injuries. In spite of the improvements of various diagnostic techniques, especially ultrasound studies, they believe that emergency arteriography is the only way to obtain an ultimate answer in vascular traumas caused by extremity injuries. PMID- 6665242 TI - [Role of teletermography in the diagnosis of primary tumors of soft tissues and bones]. AB - The thermographic behaviour of bone and soft tissue tumors (168 malignant), submitted to this examination from 1971 to 1981, has been retrospectively analyzed and statistically evaluated. In the group of malignant neoplasms, thermography reached a good sensitivity (81.5%), a little better (but not significantly) in soft tissue tumors. Mainly three pathological features have been analyzed: histological type, size and site of neoplastic masses. None of them appears to be related with the result of thermographic examination. The authors emphasize (also from a possible prognostic point of view) the peculiar behaviour of Ewing's sarcoma, whose tendency to uniform distribution through the different thermographic classes cannot be currently explained. PMID- 6665243 TI - [A very frequent radiologic sign in dorsolumbar localization of chordoma: increase in the interpeduncular distance]. AB - The X-ray picture of 11 cases of chordoma of the thoraco-lumbar spine at the Tumors Centre of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute is studied. In 7 cases an increase in the interpeduncular distance of the affected vertebrae was noticed. The high incidence of this radiologic sign, never reported previously in the literature, represents a semeiologic element of great importance in the diagnosis of this neoplasm. The ways of measurement are then indicated and the significance of this report is stressed. PMID- 6665244 TI - [Gonadal and bone marrow doses in routine radiographic examinations of the skeleton in adults]. AB - Evaluations of gonad and bone marrow dose in standard skeletal radiographic investigations in adults are reported, and compared with previously published ones. A Rando phantom, condenser ionization chambers and thermoluminiscent dosemeters were used. PMID- 6665246 TI - [Unilateral thoracic hypertransparency due to congenital absence of pectoralis muscles]. PMID- 6665245 TI - [A case of os odonteoideum]. PMID- 6665247 TI - [Colitis cystica profunda: a case]. PMID- 6665248 TI - [Papilliferous carcinoma of the male breast. Description of a case]. PMID- 6665249 TI - [Evaluation of breast doses in radiodiagnosis. Joint meeting of the Section of Mammology and the regional Lombardy group of the SIRMN (Varese, 30 October 1982)]. PMID- 6665250 TI - [Patterns of urinary aminoacid excretion in exceptional children and patients with mental disorders in Costa Rica]. AB - The amino acid profile was studied in individual random samples of urine from 1147 normal schoolchildren and 1074 exceptional children: 628 with mental retardation, 332 with hearing and speech defects and 114 with visual defects as well as in 673 patients with mental disorders. Laboratory procedures included chemical tests and one-dimension paper- electro- and column-chromatography. Phenylketonuria was found in a mentally retarded girl and in one of her brothers; iminoglycinuria in a mentally retarded boy and heterozygote cystinuria in a man with manic-depressive psychosis. The percentage of high excretors of beta aminoisobutyric acid (B-AIB) in the controls (4.88%) was similar to previous findings in the Caucasian race. The children with hearing and speech defects showed a number of high excretors of B-AIB significantly lower (X2 = 5.32; p less than 0.025) and the children with visual defects a number of hyperglycinurias significantly higher (X2 = 9.19; p less than 0.05). Previous non-consistent findings on the excess of high excretors of B-AIB in Down's syndrome were not confirmed in this study. These results suggest a relationship between transport defects in the plasma membrane and pathological disorders in some of the cases screened. PMID- 6665251 TI - [Ecological aspects of gastric cancer in Costa Rica]. AB - An analysis of 1315 cases of gastric cancer from the records of the Ministry of Public Health, San Jose, Costa Rica between 1977 and 1980 showed important geographical differences in the incidence, and especially in relation to the sex ratio, age structure and migratory patterns. Rates of incidence ranged between 12.6 and 153.2 per 100,000 inhabitants in men and 10.6 and 56.6 in women. Variations in the incidence of gastric cancer rates were studied in relation to ecological parameters, including certain soil and drinking water characteristics as well as the presence of vitamins A and C in serum. No significant relation was found between gastric cancer rates and the presence of vitamins and of several components in drinking water. However, a multivariate analysis considering nine soil components and pH showed a statistically significant (p less than 0.01) association with pH, K, Zn and Fe, which account for 22% of the variation in the incidence rates. A dynamic and multifactorial model is proposed to explain regional variations in cancer rates, with a tentative application of this model to the results obtained. PMID- 6665252 TI - [Comparative study of cases of poisoning by organophosphorous insecticides in various regions of Costa Rica]. AB - 336 cases of organophosphorous poisoning from case records of hospitals in Costa Rica between 1972 and 1978 were classified in four categories according to signs and symptoms: 8% latent; 25.9% mild; 43.8% moderate and 22.3% severe. Eighteen of the total patients died during hospitalization. Suicidal ingestion was the principal cause of severe and latent poisoning, especially in urban areas, followed by occupational poisoning in agricultural workers in mild and moderate cases. Occupational poisoning was common in men; in women it was attempted suicide and in children accidental poisoning. Under 40 years of age, the main cause was suicidal ingestion among both men and women, and occupational poisoning after 40 years of age. After discharge from the hospital, 19.6% of the total poisoned patients were referred to psychiatric treatment; 22.7% and 18.2% had had mental and alcoholic problems, respectively, prior to poisoning. Attempted suicide was the principal cause of poisoning in 86.4% of these patients, indicating emotional instability. In this study, the incidence in psychiatric consultation after discharge from the hospital is not indicative of a relationship between mental disorders and acute insecticide poisoning. In 42.6% and in 22% of the deceased patients pralidoxime (PAM) and atropine respectively, were not administered as antidotes in the emergency room. Aminophylline and skeletal muscle relaxants among other contraindicated drugs were administered as part of the treatment in these deceased patients. The consequences of this misguided treatment are questioned. PMID- 6665253 TI - [Fibroelastosis in the adult]. PMID- 6665254 TI - [Changes in the biologic parameters in alcoholic patients with and without abstinence syndrome]. PMID- 6665255 TI - [Unusual manifestations of renal adenocarcinoma. Apropos of 6 cases]. PMID- 6665256 TI - [Hereditary recurrent neuropathy with sensitivity to pressure]. PMID- 6665257 TI - [Non-fatal poisoning by Amanita phalloides. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6665258 TI - [Epidemiologic study of acute pancreatitis in a non-urban area]. PMID- 6665259 TI - [Giant hepatic hemangioma]. PMID- 6665261 TI - [Lead poisoning, a forgotten severe illness. Review apropos of 4 cases in adults]. PMID- 6665260 TI - [Chronic secreting lymphoid leukosis with mixed cryoglobulinemia and systemic vasculitis]. PMID- 6665262 TI - [Acquired hemophilia associated with septal cirrhosis. (Evolution and response to immunosuppressive therapy)]. PMID- 6665263 TI - [Vitamin D intoxication in 3 cases of hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6665264 TI - [Epidemiologic study of African horsesickness in Ethiopia from 1977 to 1981]. PMID- 6665265 TI - [2nd case of botulism type D in the dog in Senegal]. PMID- 6665266 TI - The incidence of Balantidium coli among local and exotic pigs in Ibadan, Nigeria. PMID- 6665267 TI - [Dermatophilosis in the French Antilles]. PMID- 6665268 TI - Bovine fascioliasis in Nigeria. V. The pathogenicity of experimental infections in White Fulani cattle. PMID- 6665269 TI - [Epidemiology and control of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in goats of the Kabare region in Kivu (Zaire)]. PMID- 6665270 TI - [Incidence of canine piroplasmosis (Babesia canis) in New Caledonia]. PMID- 6665271 TI - [Efficacy of barriers made from screens or biconical traps impregnated with DDT, deltamethrin or dieldrin against Glossina palpalis gambiensis and Glossina tachinoides]. PMID- 6665272 TI - [Application of beta-rhythm quantification to the treatment of epilepsy]. AB - Abundance of beta activity in epileptic patients under clonazepam (Rivotril) treatment shows a significant correlation with the suppression of epileptic seizures and/or of epileptic EEG activity such as spikes and spike/wave complexes. In a longitudinal two-year study in 21 children with severe epilepsy treated with clonazepam, relative spectral peak power (RSPP) of beta activity was correlated with daily dose and serum concentration as well as with its effect on seizures and on epileptic EEG activity. Eight cases showed significant correlation of beta RSPP to daily dose, but only 4 to serum concentration. A significant (inverse) correlation was found between beta RSPP and the relative occurrence of epileptic EEG activity. Most illustrative were the individual follow-ups, with beta RSPP as an interesting additional parameter regarding the course of the epileptic condition. Quantitative measurement of beta activity by means of spectral analysis during long-term antiepileptic treatment promises important additional information on specific aspects in the individual case. PMID- 6665273 TI - [Spectral analysis of rapid (beta) EEG activity]. AB - Spectral analysis techniques provide high resolution of the beta frequency range and, if a logarithmic transformation is used, also of lower level intensity. This is in contrast to the generally poor resolution of fast activity in the time domain, an effect which may be compared with that of a magnifying glass applied to beta activity. In the frequency domain several different types of beta activity may be distinguished, i.e., (1) narrow; (2) medium; (3) broad-band beta; (4) harmonic beta where the beta component shows a harmonic relationship to a lower frequency component; (5) complex beta as a mixture of 2 or more of the foregoing types; and (6) undefined beta, where the relative increase of beta power is the only assessable feature. If observed, significant coherence occurs most frequently between antero-posterior leads in activities of types 1 and 2, whereas coherence between hemispheres is generally low. Broad-band beta seems to be essentially non-coherent. Coherence of harmonic beta depends largely on the features of the underlying component. Bi-coherence analysis may be of help to further analysis of harmonic or complex beta activity. PMID- 6665274 TI - [Multivariate analysis of beta activity in clinical material]. AB - Beta activity, as described by a number of parameters extracted from the power spectra, was submitted to several multivariate statistical techniques in search of interpretable subgroups. The difficulties of doing this on heterogeneous clinical material, as well as various shortcomings of the usual cluster analytical techniques, are outlined. Where longitudinal data are available, the analysis of beta activity may help in monitoring the effects of the therapy. Generally, the large variability between individuals and many sources of errors related to the processes of data collection and parameter extraction indicate that much work remains to be done before even a rough and clinically relevant typology of beta activity will become available. PMID- 6665275 TI - [Development of the blink reflex during the 1st 3 years of a child's life]. AB - The blink reflex was elicited in 42 awake and quiet children from birth to 3 years of age. The R1 ipsilateral reflex response was always recorded. Its latency decreased significantly during the first 6 months of life whereas the VIIth nerve motor conduction velocity increased markedly; its threshold stimulus was lower in children after 1 year of age. R2 responses, especially contralateral ones, were sometimes absent in infants under 9 months of age; beyond that age, they were constant and bilateral. The ipsilateral R2 latency response diminished during the first 6 months of life, and the R2 reflex threshold became lower in infants above 1 year of age. When elicited after crying, in 22 children, the reflex components were facilitated; R1 response occasionally appeared bilaterally, its amplitude increased and its threshold was lower. During REM sleep, in 12 children, the reflex responses were similar to those recorded during quiet wakefulness. On the contrary, non-REM sleep recorded in 12 children markedly depressed the reflex responses; this inhibition was more pronounced for R2 responses. PMID- 6665276 TI - [Electroencephalographic morphology of seizures in full-term newborn infants]. AB - e studied the morphology of the electrical discharges of 63 newborns who presented an electrical or electro-clinical status of known aetiology. The seizures have been classified as: discharges of beta, alpha, theta and delta frequencies; discharges of diphasic spikes; discharges of "saw waves"; positive spikes or slow waves, burst-suppressions and extremely polymorph discharges. We confirm the existing opinion in the current literature that the discharges are really changeable and polymorphic, are modified during seizure and vary in morphology, voltage, frequency and polarity. A typical or characteristic pattern of the seizures of newborn does not exist although theta and delta frequencies are predominant. A correlation between voltage, frequency and duration of the electrical discharge seems to exist; the higher the frequency of the electrical discharge, the lower is its voltage and its duration and vice versa. The cortical immaturity of the newborn plays an important role in the morphological changes of the electrical discharges. PMID- 6665277 TI - [Diagnoses to consider in newborn infants with inactive EEG tracings]. AB - Thirty-one neonates without any electroencephalographic activity detectable on the first EEG before day 5 were studied. In the first group (20 neonates) the first EEG was performed on day 0. Signs of foetal and/or perinatal anoxia were observed. In the second group (11 neonates), the first EEG was performed between day 1 and day 4. In 7 cases, the neonate was considered normal during a period varying between a few hours and a few days. Various aetiologies other than foetal or perinatal anoxia were found: cardiac arrest, metabolic disease, polycystic encephalomalacia. PMID- 6665278 TI - [Electrophysiologic study of neonatal hypoglycemia prolonged by hyperinsulinism]. AB - A case of neonatal hyperinsulinism with hypoglycemia is reported. The EEGs were abnormal because of a lack of sleep modulation. The CT scan showed pathological occipital hypodensities. The flashes VER were abnormal at 1, 2 and 6 months of age, chiefly on the right occipital lead and showing a possible lesion of the right retrochiasmatic pathways. PMID- 6665279 TI - [Unilateral status epilepticus during the neonatal period]. AB - Twenty-one newborns displaying a strictly unilateral status epilepticus were studied. Three groups have been isolated according to the aetiology: neonatal anoxia (n = 5), postcardiac surgery (n = 8), cerebral hemispheric lesions confirmed by CT scan (n = 7). The authors relate in detail the clinical features and the EEG abnormalities, ictal and interictal in each group, and comment on their results. They show the importance of EEG in establishing or detecting a unilateral status epilepticus and in helping the aetiologic diagnosis. PMID- 6665281 TI - [Prolonged confused seizure state of frontal origin in an aged patient]. AB - The authors discuss the case of a man who, at the age of 63, presented episodes of prolonged confusional state de novo. The EEG recordings showed the existence of an electrical status with widespread spikes and polyspike-and-waves of the "absence status." Further recordings showed a focal onset of one of the episodes of prolonged confusional state. The electric and clinical characteristics of this observation indicate that a frontal localisation with secondary generalization of the discharge is probable. This electro-clinical picture is compared to other literature on the subject and its nosological specificity is discussed. PMID- 6665280 TI - [Vomiting: symptom of an epileptic seizure]. AB - The authors present 3 cases of ictal vomiting with 2 seizures recorded on the EEG. The critical vomiting is always sudden, projectile, and lasts a short period. The interictal and ictal EEG recording showed a focus or a seizure involving the frontal temporal regions. The seizures were kept under control by a therapy with carbamazepine. Vomiting can be a particular semiological aspect of a possible seizure as are other vegetative features. The authors stress this critical aspect on one hand differentiating it from non-epileptic ictal phenomena (in particular children's cyclic vomiting), on the other hand from post-ictal vegetative phenomena of a major or partial seizure. PMID- 6665282 TI - [Infant encephalopathies with rapid EEG rhythms. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - The authors report two cases of infant encephalopathies with psychomotor retardation. The cerebrospinal fluid, the electroretinogram, the electromyogram and the motor conduction velocity are normal. The neuromuscular cutaneous conjunctival biopsies are normal. No biochemical abnormalities are found. The electroencephalogram presents continuous high voltage fast rhythms (250-400 microV) with reduced or absent evoked responses. Early infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and lissencephaly are suggested. PMID- 6665284 TI - [Surgery in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6665283 TI - [Evaluation of biochemical and histopathologic disorders produced by massive resections of the small intestine. Experimental study in the rat]. PMID- 6665286 TI - [Gallstone ileus. Review apropos of 17 cases]. PMID- 6665287 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of secretin]. PMID- 6665285 TI - [Surgical treatment of Crohn disease: our experience in 30 cases]. PMID- 6665288 TI - [Reflux esophagitis: clinico-radiologic evaluation]. PMID- 6665289 TI - [Reflux esophagitis: manometric and pH-metric evaluation]. PMID- 6665290 TI - [Our criteria in the surgical treatment of benign tumors of the stomach]. PMID- 6665291 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma of the small intestine. Presentation of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6665292 TI - [Gastrointestinal changes in muscular dystrophies. Apropos of a case of megacolon in Duchenne's disease]. PMID- 6665294 TI - [Revision of the term "appendiceal mucocele". Special reference to cystadenoma of the appendix]. PMID- 6665296 TI - Technology and rehabilitation: a productive partnership. PMID- 6665295 TI - [Acute hepatitis in secondary syphilis]. PMID- 6665293 TI - [Primary adenocarcinoma of jejunum. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6665297 TI - Phenytoin cumulation profiles. AB - his study was performed to determine the potential utility of the cumulation profile of phenytoin during multiple oral dosing and to examine, under ideal conditions, the variability in apparent steady state concentrations. Six male subjects were administered oral phenytoin sodium 5-6 mg/kg/d in divided doses every 12h for six days. Predose serum phenytoin concentrations were measured every 12 hours by gas liquid chromatography. The resulting data were analyzed in order to estimate maintenance doses. Subjects were then placed on the estimated daily dose and pre-dose concentrations measured daily for at least two weeks. At the end of the study, all data were fit using non-linear regression analysis to obtain the best estimates of individual kinetic parameters. Parameter values, particularly the Km value, were dependent upon the input function used, either first- or zero-order. In two subjects there was evidence of modest auto induction. At steady-state the average coefficient of variation of predose concentrations was 10.6% (Range: 5.2-16.2%). PMID- 6665298 TI - Verapamil and digoxin: interactions in the rat. AB - Verapamil and digoxin are often used in combination and clinical experience suggests that verapamil may increase digoxin toxicity. We have explored the effects of verapamil upon digoxin induced tachyarrhythmias and have undertaken a preliminary study of the influence of verapamil on digoxin pharmacokinetics in the rat. Anesthetized rats received 20 mg/kg of digoxin intraperitoneally followed by verapamil i.v., 0.3 mg/kg, in repeated doses either immediately after digoxin or only after the onset of digoxin induced arrhythmias. Digoxin alone produced prolonged paroxysmal atrial tachycardia in 88-100% of rats and verapamil converted 75% of rats to sinus rhythm and significantly reduced digoxin induced mortality. In a later study, rats were injected with 10 mg/kg verapamil i.p. twice a day for 7 days or only with saline. On the seventh day all the rats received 0.5 mg/kg of digoxin i.p. Eight hours later the animals were sacrificed and plasma, heart, brain, liver, kidney and muscle (diaphragm) digoxin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. Digoxin levels were twice as high in plasma, heart, liver and muscle of verapamil pretreated rats (p less than 0.01). Two types of verapamil - digoxin interactions are demonstrated in the above studies; one in which verapamil modifies digoxin induced arrhythmias and a second pharmacokinetic effect in which pretreatment with verapamil increases digoxin concentration in the plasma and in several tissues. PMID- 6665299 TI - Influence of protamine on heparin-induced increases of lidocaine free fraction. AB - It has been suggested that heparin-induced increases in drug free fraction are largely artifactual as a result of continued in vitro activity of lipoprotein lipases after blood samples collection. The influence of different concentrations of protamine (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/ml), an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipases, on lidocaine free fraction was studied before (control) and 10 min after heparinization (3000 IU) in 7 cardiac catheterized patients. Heparin increased the mean free fraction of lidocaine by 85% (p less than 0.001) and was associated with more than 2-fold increases in free fatty acids (FFAs). The presence of protamine at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/ml diminished both the heparin-induced elevation of lidocaine free fraction (p less than 0.001) and FFAs (p less than 0.001). At a protamine concentration of 10.0 mg/ml, the FFAs remained higher than control value (p less than 0.05) while the free fraction was not different from control preheparin value. There were significant relationships (p less than 0.01) between log protamine concentration and the changes in both free fraction (r2 = 0.906) and FFAs (r2 = 0.931). The inhibitor also reduced (p less than 0.01) the lidocaine free fraction in control samples but these changes were not correlated with changes of FFAs. These results indicate that it is impossible, at this point, to abolish the artifactual effect of heparin without altering protein binding of lidocaine. PMID- 6665300 TI - Glycoursodeoxycholate is as effective as tauroursodeoxycholate in preventing the taurocholate-induced cholestasis in the rat. AB - A combined infusion of taurocholate (TC) and glycoursodeoxycholate (GU) resulted in a longer choleretic period and a significantly higher excretion of TC compared with the infusion of TC alone, as has been previously observed for the combined infusion of tauroursodeoxycholate (TU) and TC in the rat. It was concluded that GU is as effective as TU in preventing TC induced cholestasis in this species. PMID- 6665301 TI - The target portion of acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in rats: modification by thiol compounds. AB - In order to determine the target portion of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, 750 mg per kg of body weight of acetaminophen was administered to male Wistar strain rats with or without the pretreatment of thiol compounds. In the liver, glutathione content decreased throughout the observation periods, and glutathione S-transferase initially, and later adenosine triphosphatase decreased, followed as elevations of aminotransferases and ornithione carbamoyltransferase in serum. The pretreatment of thiol compounds could not restore hepatic enzyme activities, but partially hepatic glutathione content and serum enzyme elevations. Although distinct time lag existed in biochemical alterations in the liver, hepatic glutathione content was significantly correlated solely with hepatic glutathione S-transferase. The mechanism of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity was discussed from the aspect of biochemical events in cytosol and membrane structure in hepatocytes. The mechanism of acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity has been extensively investigated, and the hepatotoxicity seems to be related to the toxic metabolites generated by biotransformation process (Gillette et al., 1974, Mitchell et al., 1976). Since the toxic metabolites are conjugated with glutathione (GSH), it is generally accepted that when the hepatocellular GSH content has critically depleted, the metabolites seem to react with hepatocyte macromolecules and/or to produce lipid peroxidation, resulting in biochemical and structural changes leading to cell death (Black, 1980). A hepatotoxic dose of labelled acetaminophen was found throughout the liver and the highest concentration was found in centrilobular area, where considerable disruption and vacuolation of the plasma membrane and of the endoplasmic reticulum also occurred (Jollow et al., 1973, Chiu and Bhakthan, 1978). However remarkably little impairment of several enzyme systems in microsome, such as cytochrome P450 content, arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase and glucuronyl transferase has been reported (Thorgeirsson et al., 1976, Chiu and Bhakthan, 1978: Willson and Hart, 1977, Yamada et al., 1981). To elucidate the exact mechanism of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, we observed time related biochemical alterations of hepatic GSH content, some marker enzymes in hepatocyte subfractions and serum enzymes. The present results indicated that acetaminophen reduced hepatic GSH content, followed as depletions of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and finally adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), associated with elevations of serum enzymes. PMID- 6665302 TI - Nalmefene: quantitation of a new narcotic antagonist in human plasma using high performance-liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A high performance-liquid chromatographic procedure employing electrochemical detection (LCEC) has been developed for the quantitation of a new narcotic antagonist, nalmefene, in human plasma. Following extraction of the plasma at pH9, the extract was chromatographed on a reverse-phase C18 column using naltrexone as an internal standard. An electrochemical detector equipped with a glassy carbon electrode monitored the elution of nalmefene and the internal standard. The method had a limit of sensitivity of 3 ng/ml of nalmefene using a 1 ml sample of plasma and the calibration curve was linear over a range of 3-200 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation did not exceed 6 and 12% respectively over the entire range of the calibration curve. The LCEC method has been used to quantitate the plasma concentrations of nalmefene in man following oral administration of 64 mg of the drug. In one subject, a peak plasma concentration of 58 ng/ml occurred 2 hr after drug administration and declined to 5 ng/ml after 24 hr. PMID- 6665303 TI - OSAR studies on 4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acids as inhibitors of cell respiration using molecular connectivity and van der Waals volume. AB - The enzyme inhibition activities of 4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acids against three isolated enzyme systems namely mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, and skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase, all involved in respiratory pathway, are found to be significantly correlated with first-order valence molecular connectivity (1 chi v) and van der Waals volume (Vw). The correlations obtained provide much simple rationale to design more active congeners and facilitate the prediction of activity of new compounds. PMID- 6665304 TI - Inhibition of morphine analgesia by ascorbate. AB - Oral administration of single doses of ascorbate produced a decrease in the analgesic effect of morphine in mice when assayed by the tail-flick test. Inhibition of analgesia was dose dependent, had a rapid onset (2 hr) and long duration (48 hr). Ascorbate doses over 8 mg/kg also protected mice from lethal doses of morphine. These findings are in accord with recent reports that ascorbate destroys opioid receptor in vitro and indicates that a similar effect occurs in vivo. PMID- 6665305 TI - Lack of hyperglycemic effect of chlorothiazide in normal rats fed diets with different carbohydrate content. AB - The effect of chlorothiazide (CT) on blood glucose and liver glycogen was investigated in rats fed either a standard, a carbohydrate-rich, or a carbohydrate-poor diet. CT did not alter blood glucose concentration or liver glycogen content in rats fed the carbohydrate-rich diet. After 5 days on the carbohydrate-poor diet, an oral glucose load produced significantly smaller rate constant for glucose disappearance from blood and significantly greater area below the glucose concentration--time curve than after a standard diet, but CT did not further alter these parameters. Nor did oral CT for 19 days alter glucose tolerance. In conclusion, CT in single dose or short term studies does not seem to alter glucose metabolism in the normal male rat. PMID- 6665306 TI - Late preventive effects on dimethylnitrosamine, thioacetamide or galactosamine induced liver necrosis of the inhibitor of proteases, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. AB - Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) administration to rats, was effective in partially preventing liver necrosis induced by thioacetamide, dimethylnitrosamine or galactosamine, when given 6 hr after the hepatotoxins. In the case of galactosamine but not of the other necrogenic chemicals, protection was also observed when PMSF was given 10 hr after this compound. These results and previous studies from our laboratory suggest participation of protein degradation at late stages of liver injury by these chemicals. PMID- 6665307 TI - An inhibitory effect of sulfhydryl compounds in the assay of rat and mouse thymic terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was assayed in 100,000 X g supernatants of homogenized thymus using 3H-dGTP and an oligo p(dA)12-18 primer. 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) caused a depression of activity with rat and mouse thymus extracts but increased activity using bovine or lamb thymus extracts. Glutathione (GSH), L-cysteine and dithiothreitol (DTT) also showed an inhibitory effect with the rat thymus extract. Inhibition was significant at concentrations of sulfhydryl compounds commonly included in TdT assays (1 mM-2 mM). PMID- 6665308 TI - Testicular cells in hybrid water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). AB - Meiotic chromosome behaviour and testicular histology were studied in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) including two river (Murrah), two swamp and three F1 (Murrah cross swamp) hybrids aged between two and two and a half years, from testicular biopsies obtained by an open surgical method. Meiotic preparations revealed spermatogonial metaphases, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis, first and second meiotic metaphases and spermatozoa in all three types of buffalo. Chromosome sets ranging from 22 to 26 (most frequent, 24 and 25) with many cells carrying univalent, bivalent and multivalent configurations were observed in hybrids, whereas the meiotic cells in the Murrah and swamp showed chromosome sets exclusively of 25 and 24 (bivalents) respectively. Histological examination of the hybrid testis revealed a large proportion of degenerating spermatocytes and abnormal spermatids in the process of spermiogenesis suggesting that the various synaptic associations leading to unbalanced gametes may be responsible for the degenerating germ cells in the hybrids. The unbalanced meiotic products will probably lead to selection against such spermatozoa or early embryos after fertilisation. Due to a large percentage of germinal epithelial cells in F1 hybrids being wasted, the fertility of backcross and F2 generations will be subnormal. PMID- 6665309 TI - Erythrocyte potassium concentration: a simple parameter for erythropoiesis in sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus. AB - A number of haematological parameters were monitored in eight-month-old Merino wethers, six infected with 10,000 Haemonchus contortus and 13 controls. Blood loss caused by infection was reflected in a decrease in packed cell volume (r = 0.78; P less than 0.001), and was correlated with faecal egg excretion (r = 0.89; P less than 0.001). Infected animals showed a decline of serum iron content and increased serum transferrin levels. Erythrocyte potassium concentration showed a high correlation with erythropoiesis as measured by iron59 clearance from blood (r = 0.79; P less than 0.001). As potassium assays are quick, inexpensive and samples can be stored for long periods, this parameter seems particularly useful in large experiments. PMID- 6665310 TI - Laboratory model for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: the pathogenicity of different strains of Moraxella bovis, pathology and ultrastructural observations. AB - Further studies were made using C57 mice pretreated with a corticosteroid and inoculated with Moraxella bovis by instillation, as a model for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Strains of M bovis which had previously been tested in cattle produced a generally similar range of pathogenicity when tested in mice. The pathology in the mouse model closely resembled that in cattle and the value of the model for studies on M bovis was confirmed. PMID- 6665311 TI - Influence of premedication with xylazine on the distribution and metabolism of intramuscularly administered ketamine in cats. AB - The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of intramuscularly administered ketamine (25 mg/kg) were determined in eight cats (group A). The effect of prior administration of the sedative agent xylazine hydrochloride (1 mg/kg intramuscularly) on the uptake distribution and metabolism of the drug was also investigated in another 10 cats (group B). It was found that xylazine significantly prolonged the duration of ketamine anaesthesia. In addition, xylazine not only prolonged the plasma half life of ketamine but significantly delayed the production of the primary metabolite of ketamine, norketamine. Studies on the urinary excretion of ketamine and norketamine in the cats in group B indicated that very little of the drug (less than 2.6 per cent) is excreted by this route in the initial 90 minutes after injection. PMID- 6665312 TI - Stimulatory effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha on faecal egg production in Haemonchus contortus infected sheep. AB - The effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on the pattern of faecal egg count was tested in 10- to 12-month-old sheep infected with 20,000 Haemonchus contortus larvae. Prostaglandin was infused intravenously 25, 50 and 75 days after infection for four hours at a rate of 5 micrograms/kg/minute and the egg counts in the faeces were determined daily for 110 days. Treatment on days 50 and 75 was followed by a significant rise in egg count lasting 19 and 12 days respectively. This observed rise seems to be related to a resumption of development of arrested larvae induced by prostaglandin treatment, and a hypothesis is proposed to explain its initiation. PMID- 6665313 TI - Effects of clenbuterol hydrochloride on certain respiratory and cardiovascular parameters in horses performing treadmill exercise. AB - Five standardbred geldings received intravenous clenbuterol hydrochloride and saline in a crossover experiment to evaluate the effects of clenbuterol on certain cardiorespiratory parameters during and after treadmill exercise. The exercise test consisted of four steps. Step 1 at a speed of 76 m per minute, step 2 at 129 m per minute, step 3 at 190 m per minute and step 4 at 236 m per minute. The duration of each step was two minutes, except step 4 which was four minutes. The treadmill was set at a grade of 19 per cent. Before exercise, 30 minutes after clenbuterol or saline administration, arterial and mixed venous blood gases, mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, telemetric electrocardiogram and respiratory rate were measured. The measurements were repeated immediately before completion of step 2, step 4 and after one minute, 10 minutes and 30 minutes of recovery from exercise. After clenbuterol administration there was a transient fall in mean arterial pressure, which had returned to control values by 90 seconds. There was no change in mean pulmonary artery pressure. During exercise the heart rate was significantly higher at the end of steps 1 and 4 and after 10 minutes recovery when horses given clenbuterol were compared with those given saline. No adverse effects on the electrocardiogram were demonstrated. Effects of clenbuterol on blood gases included an increase in PaO2 and decrease in PaCO2 one minute after exercise, when compared to saline. It was concluded from the parameters examined that there was no evidence that clenbuterol had any significant untoward effect on the circulatory system of exercising horses. PMID- 6665314 TI - Generation of neutrophil chemoattractants by phagocytosing bovine mammary macrophages. AB - Macrophages from bovine mammary gland were cultured in vitro and the growth medium collected at intervals. Using an in vitro system in which neutrophils migrated under agarose, both chemotactic and chemokinetic activity for bovine neutrophils was detected in supernatants of macrophage cultures to which heat killed preopsonised Staphylococcus aureus had been added. The suspensions of killed bacteria were not themselves chemotactic for neutrophils and no chemotactic activity was present either in supernatants from unstimulated macrophage cultures or in sonicated macrophages. The chemotaxin(s) was generated within two hours of the addition of staphylococci to the cultures and was largely stable to heating at 56 degrees C for 45 minutes, although its activity was reduced by boiling for 15 minutes. Traces of proteolytic activity were also detected in some supernatants. Substantial proteolytic activity was found in lysates of neutrophils. Unlike chemotaxis, proteolytic activity was suppressed by addition of milk from early lactation and containing high natural levels of protease inhibitors. Proteolytic activity was destroyed by boiling for 15 minutes. PMID- 6665315 TI - Chemotherapy of Babesia divergens in the gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus. AB - It was found that surprisingly low doses of four babesicides were effective against Babesia divergens in gerbils and it was concluded that this was due to the involvement of host resistance, which may be of a non-specific nature. The efficacy of the drugs relative to each other was the same in gerbils as in cattle and this host-parasite system is evidently more suitable for the screening of babesicides than are other rodent babesia systems. The prophylactic dose of imidocarb dipropionate required to provide a similar degree of protection in gerbils as in cattle was found to be much higher and was very close to toxic levels. Challenge infections resulted in sterile immunity. Acute babesiosis in gerbils could be cured with all four drugs if parasitaemias were below approximately 45 per cent and packed cell volumes above 18 per cent at treatment. PMID- 6665316 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase isoenzyme levels in the tissues and serum of normal lambs. AB - The normal activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase isoenzymes in the tissues and serum of clinically normal five-and-a-half-month-old lambs are presented. The percentage distribution of the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in serum, liver, heart, lung and skeletal muscle were in agreement with previous studies but the distribution in ovine abomasum, small intestine, large intestine and red blood cells has not been previously described. Up to five creatine kinase isoenzymes were detected in ovine tissues and four in serum. One creatine kinase isoenzyme present in serum and tissues was thought to represent a mitochondrial isoenzyme which is absent from the normal serum of other species. Estimations of both lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase isoenzymes allowed all the tissues examined to be distinguished and were therefore more likely to allow tissue specific isoenzyme patterns to be detected in serum than the estimation of the isoenzymes of either enzyme alone. PMID- 6665318 TI - Activity of 10 naphthoquinones, including parvaquone (993C) and menoctone, in cattle artificially infected with Theileria parva. AB - Ten naphthoquinones, including parvaquone (993C) (Clexon; Wellcome) and menoctone, were tested for activity in cattle artificially infected with Theileria parva, the causative organism of East Coast fever (ECF). Parvaquone cured all 14 cattle treated with a single dose of 20 mg/kg intramuscularly and all five treated twice with 10 mg/kg intramuscularly. Menoctone cured seven of 10 cattle treated with a single dose of 5 mg/kg intramuscularly. Of 25 untreated control cattle, 22 died of ECF. None of the remaining eight naphthoquinones was as active as parvaquone. Three esters of active naphthoquinones, designed as 'prodrugs' of their parent compounds, showed little or no activity in infected cattle despite being highly active in vitro against T parva. These results were instrumental in the selection of parvaquone for development as the first specifically active remedy for ECF. PMID- 6665319 TI - Angles of branching and the diameters of pulmonary arteries in relation to the distribution of pulmonary lesions in canine dirofilariasis. AB - Latex casts were made of the pulmonary arteries in 10 normal dogs. These casts were used to measure the angles of deviation of the right and left pulmonary arteries from the pulmonary trunk. The measurements were made in three projections. In both craniocaudal and dorsoventral projections the right pulmonary artery deviated more from the axis of the pulmonary trunk than did the left pulmonary artery. In the lateral projection, the right artery deviated ventrally and the left deviated dorsally, but the angles of deviation were similar. The diameter of the right pulmonary artery was significantly larger than that of the left. This difference in size of the major arteries could be a major determinant in the distribution of lesions in dirofilariasis. However the curved pathway taken by the blood as it is ejected from the right ventricle and the angles of deviation of the arteries as they branch from the pulmonary trunk could also play a part in the distribution of the lesions. PMID- 6665317 TI - Development of a Babesia rodhaini mouse assay for quality control of the serum component of a bovine babesiosis vaccine. AB - The rodent babesia, Babesia rodhaini, survived equally well in basal medium containing either 10 per cent rat serum or 10 per cent bovine serum. As a result, a B rodhaini mouse assay is now performed routinely to determine the suitability of batches of bovine serum for use in a commercial Babesia bovis vaccine issued in Australia. Heat inactivation of bovine serum at 56 degrees C for two hours did not affect the survival of either B bovis or B rodhaini. PMID- 6665320 TI - Immune exclusion, a mechanism of protection against the ovine nematode Haemonchus contortus. AB - The fate of exsheathed Haemonchus contortus larvae injected directly into the abomasal lumen was studied in groups of naive and hyperimmune sheep. Within 48 hours of challenge, more than 90 per cent of the larvae were lost from hyperimmune sheep. The larvae had a propensity to associate with the superficial mucus in both groups and, in naive sheep, approximately 50 per cent of the larvae entered glandular tissue within four hours of challenge. By contrast, although initially associated with the mucosal surface, larvae in immune sheep were excluded from the glandular tissues. It is postulated that the rapid loss of worms from the hyperimmune abomasum is a consequence of 'immune exclusion' and the possible mechanisms underlying this process are discussed. PMID- 6665321 TI - Clinical presentations of canine dirofilariasis with relation to their haematological and microfilarial status. AB - Fifty-seven cases of canine dirofilariasis were classified according to the severity of their clinical signs and then assessed on the basis of their haematological findings. It was found that regenerative normocytic, normochromic anaemia usually accompanied the combination of severe clinical dirofilariasis and an amicrofilaraemic (occult) status. PMID- 6665322 TI - Freedom of coccidial oocysts from Newcastle disease virus. AB - Oocysts were recovered from chickens experimentally infected with the Mukteswar strain of Newcastle disease virus and Eimeria acervulina or E tenella. Oocysts sterilised by sodium hypochlorite solution were washed, ruptured and inoculated into embryonating eggs which were examined after five days by the haemagglutination test for virus. All these tests were negative. Virus, initially detected with oocysts separated from faeces, was no longer present after sporulation in 2 per cent potassium bichromate. The B1 strain of virus survived for up to 30 hours in 2 per cent sodium hydroxide and 2 per cent potassium bichromate but was quickly destroyed by sodium hypochlorite (specific gravity 1.075). PMID- 6665323 TI - Serum carboxypeptidase B levels during acute and mild Babesia divergens infections of adult cattle. AB - Serum carboxypeptidase B levels were measured in adult cows suffering from both acute and mild babesiosis caused by Babesia divergens. In severe infections serum carboxypeptidase B levels started to fall three days after infection and were significantly lower than both preinfection levels and those of mildly affected cows for a period of 10 days starting at the time of maximum parasitaemia. Normal levels were regained on the 23rd day after infection. PMID- 6665324 TI - [Magnetocardiogram in clinical medicine]. PMID- 6665325 TI - [Validity of the area method for quantitative left ventricular wall motion analysis]. PMID- 6665326 TI - [Progesterone and its effect on respiration]. PMID- 6665327 TI - [ECG findings in dissecting aneurysms of the aorta--with special reference to the acute stage]. PMID- 6665328 TI - [Significance of irregular left ventricular contraction at mid-systole in coronary artery disease]. PMID- 6665329 TI - [Rheological investigation of ejection heart murmurs in children]. PMID- 6665331 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the QRS magnitude in patients with ischemic ST depression]. PMID- 6665330 TI - [Effects of intravenous dinitrate injection on hemodynamics in dogs with experimental ventricular septal defects]. PMID- 6665332 TI - [Cases with poor systolic blood pressure responses in the treadmill exercise test]. PMID- 6665333 TI - Maximal oxygen consumption and pulmonary diffusing capacity: a direct comparison of physiologic and morphometric measurements in canids. AB - The purpose of this study was to check the validity of the morphometric model for estimating physiological conductances for gases, DL. We make a direct comparison between the lung's conductance for carbon monoxide, measured physiologically using the single breath method, DLCO (sb), and that measured morphometrically using the previously published model, DLCO(mm). We also make a direct comparison between the maximum rate of oxygen uptake by the lung during exercise, VO2max, and the lung's conductance for oxygen DLO2(mm). We made these measurements on four species of canids (foxes, coyotes, dogs and wolves). We find a direct proportionality between morphometric and physiologic DLCO measurements, the morphometric being consistently larger by a factor of two. We also find that both DLCO and DLO2 increase more steeply with body mass than VO2max, the difference between the allometric slopes being the same as we had found previously in a wide range of mammalian species ranging from 2 g to 700 kg, although the slopes themselves were different. We conclude that the discordant scaling of DLO2 and VO2max with respect to body mass is not an artifact of the model for calculating DLO2 from morphometric data. PMID- 6665334 TI - Changes in rib cage shape during quiet breathing, hyperventilation and single inspirations. AB - We measured the relative changes in upper and lower rib cage volume (delta RCU and delta RCL, respectively) using an induction coil plethysmograph (Respitrace) in seven normal seated subjects during relaxed passive expiration from total lung capacity, during quiet breathing, rapid breathing at 60 breaths/min (RB), during exercise-induced hyperventilation (EH) and during single fast inspirations. The plot of the RCU vs RCL was slightly curvilinear during relaxation from total lung capacity in all subjects. However, the inferred changes in rib cage shape were similar during RB and EH to those observed during quiet breathing and the relaxation manoeuvres. In contrast, single rapid inspirations were associated with marked and variable changes in rib cage shape, being most prominent in the first part of the breath. Our results suggest that during cyclic breathing respiratory muscle activity is so co-ordinated that the pattern of rib cage shape change is similar to that observed during relaxation. In contrast, single rapid inspirations are associated with markedly different and variable shape changes of the rib cage, presumably due to different patterns of inspiratory muscle recruitment. The results are consistent with the observation that during tidal breathing regional ventilation distribution is flow independent. PMID- 6665335 TI - Inhibition of breathing after stimulation of muscle is mediated by endogenous opiates and GABA. AB - Stimulation of receptors in hindlimb muscles activates a supraspinal mechanism which causes a prolonged, post-stimulatory depression of breathing (Waldrop, T.G., F.L. Eldridge and D.E. Millhorn, 1982, Respir. Physiol. 50: 239-254). In the present study phrenic nerve responses to stimulation of hindlimb muscles were studied in anesthetized, paralyzed cats whose vagi and carotid sinus nerves had been cut. Body temperature and end-tidal PCO2 were kept constant with servocontrollers. The post-stimulatory depression of breathing was greatly attenuated in cats pretreated with an opiate antagonist (naloxone) and did not occur in animals pretreated with a GABA antagonist (bicuculline). The response was not blocked by prior administration of either a serotonin antagonist (methysergide) or a dopamine and norepinephrine antagonist (alpha methyltyrosine). We conclude that endogenous opiates and possibly GABA, but not serotonin, dopamine or norepinephrine, are involved in the neural mechanism responsible for the prolonged depression of breathing. PMID- 6665336 TI - Effect of upper airway negative pressure on respiratory timing. AB - The effects of upper airway negative pressure on respiratory timing and respiratory muscle activity were investigated in 13 urethane-pentobarbital anesthetized adult rabbits. Diaphragm and upper airway muscle EMGs were recorded with fine wire electrodes. The upper airway was converted into a closed system and negative pressure changes were made at will with a syringe attached to a laryngeal cannula. Both inspiratory and expiratory durations (Ti and Te) were prolonged during the negative pressure trials. Maximal prolongation occurred on the first experimental breath for Te and on second breath for Ti. Decreased effects were seen during maintained negative pressures. Peak diaphragm EMG and average slope of diaphragm EMG decreased during these trials. Diaphragmatic apnea (Te greater than or equal to 5 sec) occurred in 15% of trials. In some of these trials apnea lasted as long as the negative pressure stimulus whereas in others spontaneous breathing resumed after a period of apnea. Phasic upper airway muscle activity occurred during diaphragmatic apnea in most of these trials. The superior laryngeal nerve section markedly reduced the effects of negative pressure, indicating that its afferents primarily mediate this response. Our results suggest that upper airway negative pressure acts centrally on both inspiratory and expiratory timing as well as on the motor output of thoracic and upper airway respiratory muscles. PMID- 6665337 TI - [Reactive arthritis]. PMID- 6665338 TI - [Association of risk factors in patients with hyperuricemia]. PMID- 6665339 TI - [Radiology, radiodiagnosis, medical imagery...life, survival and future of a discipline]. PMID- 6665340 TI - [Bronchopulmonary manifestations of Horton's disease. Apropos of a case]. AB - A 78 years old woman developed a pulmonary recurrence four years after the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. The lung biopsy showed the same giant-cells granulomatous lesions with central vessels as the initial biopsy. The recurrence in giant cells-arteritis has already been published but the pulmonary involvement had never been illustrated before by histological data. The difficulties of diagnosis in case of granulomatous angiitis on lung samples is emphasized. PMID- 6665341 TI - [Plasma exchange in the treatment of Behcet's disease. Preliminary study apropos of 7 cases]. AB - Seven patients with Behcet's syndrome were given plasma exchanges (PE). They all had severe forms, essentially ocular, which had been previously treated by steroids and/or immunosuppressors for a number of years without effect on the course of the disease. The PE was associated with classical medical therapy in all cases. Four patients had daily PE on three consecutive days. Poor results were obtained in all cases with this technique. Five patients had monthly PE and a clinical improvement was observed in 4 cases, usually with a reduction in the number of exacerbations. All therapy failed in one patient who continued to have severe exacerbations. From this short series, PE would appear to be useful in chronic forms of the disease incompletely controlled by medical therapy. In these cases, PE should be repeated. However, a longer follow-up is necessary to confirm these results. PMID- 6665342 TI - [Prostatic cancer: what is new?]. AB - Recent advances, particularly in the fields of biology and nuclear medicine, have improved our understanding of carcinoma of the prostate and, thereby, have contributed to a more precise application of the different therapeutic approaches currently available. Although cytology and "immunological" assay of prostate phosphatases have not replaced rectal examinations in the diagnosis of this condition, it is now possible to assess its stage and "aggressivity" very accurately. Staging the disease demands exhaustive investigation, especially when the cancer is small; although blood-born metastases can be rapidly demonstrated, it is much more difficult to affirm the localised, purely intracapsular form of epithelioma; lymphography and surgical "picking" of lymph nodes should be considered in some cases. The stage and evolution of the cancer, and the general condition of the patient may indicate therapeutic abstention, palliative treatment (hormone therapy) and, all too rarely, an attempt at radical surgical care. There are a number of therapeutic choices of sometimes surprising, sometimes disappointing efficacy, especially in cases "escaping" oestrogen control, heralded by a rise in phosphatase levels. PMID- 6665343 TI - [Isolated dissection of the renal artery and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6665344 TI - [Atypical Cogan's syndrome with cutaneous vasculitis: a case]. AB - The authors report the case of a 81 years-old-woman who had simultaneously atypical Cogan's syndrome, cutaneous vasculitis and diverticular sigmoiditis. The relations being between these three diseases are discussed. PMID- 6665346 TI - [Congenital atrioventricular block and systemic diseases]. PMID- 6665345 TI - [Myxedema coma. Apropos of 8 cases]. AB - Eight cases of hypothyroid coma observed between 1971 and 1981 are reported, and their main clinical, biological and therapeutic features described. Three out of the 8 patients died. Physiopathological and therapeutic comments are made with reference to these cases and previous reports, concerning the hypothermia, cardiac and respiratory function, hyponatraemia and the endocrine disturbances observed in hypothyroid coma. PMID- 6665347 TI - [Indices of progression of IgA glomerulopathy]. AB - A retrospective and prospective study of 58 patients with IgA glomerulonephritis was undertaken between the 1st April 1975 and the 1st May 1982, to determine the clinical, biological and histological features associated with the onset of renal failure and a poor prognosis. At the end of this study the patients were classified into 4 groups according to the clinical stage of their disease: a) normal, b) minor urinary abnormalities, c) active disease and d) terminal renal failure. The renal biopsies were reviewed and an index of histological activity defined. The significant features associated with progression of the disease to renal failure were: persistent proteinuria, a transient nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, diffuse proliferative glomerular changes with epithelial crescent formation, tubulo-interstitial changes and vascular lesions on renal biopsy. When confronted with the clinical outcome, the histological results of the first renal biopsy performed when the disease was first diagnosed and quantified in an index of activity, had a good predictive value. PMID- 6665348 TI - [Parameters of hemostasis in Behcet's disease]. AB - Venous thrombosis occurred frequently in Behcet's disease. In 12 patients with Behcet's disease of whom 6 have had leg venous thrombosis, some parameters of hemostasis or fibrinolysis have been studied. Platelet count, fibrinogen level, factor VIII coagulant activity, factor VIII antigen, plasminogen and antithrombin III level were in the normal range. Fibrinolytic capacity in response to venous occlusion of the arms was the same in patients and in healthy subjects, in the patients, there was no difference in regard to the occurrence of venous thrombosis. These parameters seemed therefore not able to detect the thrombotic tendency in this disease. These results are discussed with the other reports of the literature. PMID- 6665350 TI - [Receptiveness to sexual steroids. Physiopathological aspects]. AB - Each hormonal signal is specifically related to a cellular receptor. However, the same receptor may bind several hormones. Oestradiol which binds to the oestrogenic receptor with a Kd of 0,1 nM, may also bind with the prostatic androgen receptor with a Kd of 3 nM. Progesterone is another example of binding pluralism as it binds not only to the progesterone receptor but also to the androgenic (anti-androgenic effect), mineralocorticoid receptors (anti aldosterone effect) and the gluco-corticoid (anti-inflammatory effect. As different receptors may bind the same steroid, reciprocally, a given receptor may bind different steroids. What applies to natural hormones, also applies to synthetic hormones. Each new molecule has a specificity of biological action which can be predicted from pharmacological screening tests. This specificity is expressed by the affinity of relative binding to a given receptor compared with a reference steroid. In vitro studies do not take endogenic metabolism which may alter the concentration of the tested substances at the receptor site into account. The modes of receptivity to steroid hormones are complex and other factors than the receptor proteins are involved. The change in uterine blood flow induced by oestradiol cannot be explained by these mechanisms. Similarly, progesterone acts at the cell membrane level of the amphibian egg. The receptivity to sexual steroids is therefore a complex phenomenon, the first elements of which are beginning to be understood. PMID- 6665351 TI - [Gonadotropin-resistant ovary syndrome and Wilson's disease. A case]. PMID- 6665349 TI - [Value of the assay of 4 urinary enzyme activities in the diagnosis of the infectious or toxic (aminoglycosides) origin of a renal disease. Preliminary results]. AB - Occurrence of a renal failure in an infected patient may be referred to various causes: infection, renal toxicity of drugs (for instance aminoglycosides), shock . . . Determination of some urinary enzymatic activities might be helpful in unravelling the mechanism involved in such cases. Therefore a prospective study of the specificity of some urinary enzymatic activities was performed. The whole LDH activity, the LDH isoenzyme 5 (LDH 5), and two lysosomal enzymes, N-acetyl beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and beta-glucuronidase (beta-GLU) were dosed systematically, in several groups of patients: I (n = 34): healthy control, with normal renal function; II (n = 24): renal impairment, without recent upper urinary-tract infection (UTI) or aminoglycoside treatment; III (n = 27): upper UTI without aminoglycoside treatment, IV (n = 22): patients treated with aminoglycosides (without upper UTI); V (n = 16): upper UTI treated with aminoglycosides. Results showed a rather good specificity of whole LDH and LDH 5 for infectious kidney damage, and of NAG for tubular injury due to aminoglycoside treatments. Values of urinary beta-glucuronidase varied over a wide range; they were little increased in group III, without a great discriminative value. No significant difference was noted between group I and group II, for any enzyme whatever. PMID- 6665352 TI - [Disseminated sarcoidosis with a rare neurologic complication: stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius]. PMID- 6665353 TI - [Diffuse arterial spasm in digitalis poisoning]. PMID- 6665355 TI - [Gastric plasmacytosarcoma in Kahler's disease]. PMID- 6665354 TI - [Thrombopenia associated with bone and cardiac malformations: an equivalent of the radial aplasia-thrombopenia syndrome]. PMID- 6665356 TI - [Echocardiographic quantification of pericardial effusion]. PMID- 6665357 TI - [Effect of various commercial brands of cimetidine on gastric secretion]. PMID- 6665358 TI - [Hepatitis B surface antigen in 489 prostitutes in Santiago]. PMID- 6665359 TI - [Serum markers of hepatitis B virus in chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 6665360 TI - [Control of adult diabetic patients in a suburban general clinic in Santiago]. PMID- 6665361 TI - [Usefulness of echography in the differential diagnosis of jaundice]. PMID- 6665362 TI - [Necrocholestatic viral hepatitis and its response to steroidal treatment]. PMID- 6665363 TI - [Primary hypothyroidism and sellar enlargement]. PMID- 6665364 TI - [Bronchial carcinosarcoma: anatomopathological study of a case]. PMID- 6665365 TI - [Acute pancreatitis probably due to mumps complicated by obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 6665366 TI - [Measurement of blood flow by a pulsed ultrasonic system with Doppler effect]. PMID- 6665367 TI - [Malpractice]. PMID- 6665368 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the interrelation between the University of Chile and the Western Metropolitan Health Service]. PMID- 6665369 TI - [The problem of acute respiratory infections]. PMID- 6665370 TI - [Influenza in Chile from 1971 to 1982]. PMID- 6665371 TI - [Regulation of fertility and child health: a governmental option]. PMID- 6665372 TI - [Diseases of the testicles and their adnexae]. PMID- 6665374 TI - [To explain, to be silent or to deceive? Examples illustrating a a main aspect of the physician-patient relation]. PMID- 6665373 TI - [Traditional medicine or illegal practice of the art of healing? Liege empiricism in the 19th century]. PMID- 6665375 TI - [Sudden infant death and hypertrophy of the thymus gland]. PMID- 6665376 TI - [Radiotherapy and cancer of the rectum]. PMID- 6665377 TI - [Cancer of the large intestine. Modern chemotherapy and complementary methods]. PMID- 6665378 TI - [Postoperative follow-up of patients treated surgically for cancer of the colon]. PMID- 6665379 TI - [Testicular tumors in 1983]. PMID- 6665380 TI - [Iatrogenic lesions of the urethra]. PMID- 6665381 TI - [Argon lasers for flat angiomas]. PMID- 6665382 TI - [Scar revision]. PMID- 6665383 TI - [Algoneurodystrophy of the upper extremity with complete bony demineralization of the humerus]. PMID- 6665384 TI - [New methods of recognizing respiratory allergens]. PMID- 6665385 TI - [Treatment of zona]. PMID- 6665386 TI - [Joubert syndrome. Clinical and anatomo-pathologic study. Etiopathogenetic hypotheses]. AB - Joubert's syndrome is characterized by an agenesis of the vermis and an unique respiratory abnormality consisting of bouts of extreme tachypnea and prolonged apneas. Three patients with this syndrome are reported with a polygraphic study and a recording of intracranial pressure in one of them and a pathological study in another. It is suggested that the agenesis of the vermis is caused by a prenatal hydrocephalus as is probably the case in the Dandy-Walker syndrome. A comparison is established between these two syndromes. The periods of tachypnea apnea could represent the persistence of a fetal pattern of respiration with an excessive response to various stimuli, and might be explained by the delayed maturation of inhibitory mechanisms necessary for the establishment of the normal pattern of respiration and sleep. The possible role of a total vermian agenesis in the pathogenesis of respiratory abnormality is discussed. PMID- 6665387 TI - [Symptomatic stenoses of the middle cerebral artery]. AB - The clinical angiographic and prognostic features of 13 patients with symptomatic stenosis of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) admitted between 1970 and 1981 have been reviewed. The etiology of the stenosis was probably atherosclerosis, except in 1 case due to fibro-muscular dysplasia, 1 with post-radiation angiopathy and 2 related to oral contraceptives. Two main clinical groups were delineated: 1) transitory and minor ischemic accidents always arising in the same arterial area; these occurred in older patients with multiples atheromatous lesions along the carotid artery. 2) progressive--or stepwise--strokes occurring in younger patients, mainly females, with isolated MCA stenosis. These cerebrovascular symptoms and signs, in the absence of carotid bruit, Doppler ultrasonography abnormality or evidence of cardiac embolism should suggest intracranial stenosis and require appropriate therapy to avoid complete occlusion. Our study shows that early medical treatment--anti-coagulation, then antiaggregation--provides a suitable alternative to EC/IC bypass. This is suggested by evidence for micro embolization in addition to hemodynamic mechanisms. PMID- 6665388 TI - [Biological, psychometric and tomodensitometric study of treated neurosyphilis]. AB - Results of follow-up examinations of the CSF in 6 patients with neurosyphilis, including 5 with general paresis, following treatment with high doses of aqueous penicillin G are reported. Persistence of any residual active infection of the nervous system could be eliminated since as well as fairly rapid restoration of normal CSF cytology and chemistry there was a slow reduction (and sometimes return to normal) of initially very high levels of immunoglobulins G, disappearance of their oligoclonal distribution (3 cases), and negativation of quantitative immunofluorescence serology (F.T.A. ABS). Clinical efficacy of treatment was shown by stabilization of the intellectual deficit investigated by serial psychometric tests. Memory disturbances were prominent mainly in the initial stages, and sometimes adopted a rather frontal nature. Psychometric tests can contribute to the assessment of initial extension of the treponemic infection in the aborted types of general paresis. The atrophy observed constantly on CT scans appeared to be stationary on serial examinations (2 cases). It was of a diffuse type affecting cortical sulci and ventricles. The onset of anomalies such as ischemic complications was not related to recurrence of infection. PMID- 6665389 TI - [Results of static perimetry in subclinical optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis]. AB - Static perimetry of the central visual field was performed using Harms apparatus and Friedmann's analyser in 20 M.S. patients with subclinical optic neuritis at least for one eye. Sub-clinical optic neuritis was defined as delayed or absent pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) associated with normal routine ophthalmological examination (visual acuity, optic fundi, colour vision, kinetic perimetry). Results in patients were compared to data obtained in 22 control subjects, matched for age. A highly significant loss of mean retinal sensitivity was observed in the 20 central degrees of the visual field of eyes with abnormal VEPs. Central relative scotomata were disclosed in 18 of the 33 eyes with abnormal VEPs. Static perimetry was found to be abnormal, for at least one eye, in 15 in the 20 M.S. patients. Thus abnormal VEPs in M.S. are often associated to a lowered capacity to detect a stationary stimulus in the central visual field. The Friedmann's visual field analyser allows a quick and reliable evaluation of the loss of retinal sensitivity in M.S. patients. PMID- 6665391 TI - [Recurrent cerebral hemorrhage and amyloid angiopathy]. AB - A patient with no previous relevant history presented with recurrent cerebral hemorrhages of which he died 4 years 5 months after the onset. On autopsy, an amyloid angiopathy was present and localised to the cerebrovascular system. Hemorrhages were associated with some small infarcts in the subcortical regions. The leptomeninges and the cortical arteries were mostly involved by an infiltration mainly in the adventitia and media. There were no senile plaques in the cortex. The amyloid deposit present in the senile plaques and in the vessel walls of the amyloid angiopathy could be the result of two distinct pathological processes. PMID- 6665390 TI - [Images of acute intracranial arterial occlusions obtained by CT scan]. AB - In 1 case of occlusion of the basilar artery and 1 case of occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery a CT Scan performed within 24 hours of onset showed a high density area corresponding to the segmental arterial occlusion. In both cases on repeat CT Scans 5 and 9 days after the onset the high density area had disappeared. PMID- 6665392 TI - Cephalometric analyses and flow-volume loops in obstructive sleep apnea patients. AB - Fifteen patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and 10 controls were studied. Polygraphic monitoring during sleep confirmed the presence or absence of OSAS. Ten OSAS patients and five controls had cephalometric analysis and 12 OSAS patients and five controls had a flow-volume loop study during wakefulness. Seven OSAS patients were submitted to both analyses. Flow-volume loops were unable to detect extrathoracic airway obstruction in six out of 12 OSAS patients. One control was found with positive results. Six out of seven subjects with positive flow-volume loops were overweight (greater than or equal to 30% ideal weight). Cephalograms were very useful in demonstrating mandibular deficiencies in OSAS patients. The length of the soft palate and the position of the hyoid bone, together with the measurement of the posterior airway space, are criteria of great interest in OSAS patients. Cephalometric analysis is recommended in all OSAS patients scheduled for surgical procedure. None of these tests, however, whether alone or in combination, is capable of identifying all cases of OSAS. PMID- 6665393 TI - Incidence of sleep apnea in a presumably healthy working population: a significant relationship with excessive daytime sleepiness. AB - Seventy-eight workers, drawn from a population of 1502 presumably healthy working men who were interviewed about sleep habits and sleep disorders, underwent polygraphic recordings for at least 1 night. A significant association was found between the complaint of excessive daytime sleepiness and the incidence of sleep apnea. Workers with more than 10 apneas per hour of sleep complained significantly more about loud snoring, hypermotility in sleep, and frequent headaches. They had significantly more ENT findings and hypertension. PMID- 6665394 TI - Excessive daytime sleepiness associated with insufficient sleep. AB - Chronic insufficient sleep as an identifiable cause of excessive daytime sleepiness was investigated post hoc by comparing a series of patients with this diagnosis with patients with narcolepsy. Among the prominent features differentiating patients with insufficient sleep from patients with narcolepsy was the report, obtained on the sleep history, of a disparity between the reported amount of sleep obtained on weekdays versus weekends. On evaluation in the laboratory, patients with insufficient sleep showed atypically high sleep efficiency at night and a prolonged sleep time (longer than they report sleeping on a weekday night at home). Compared with patients with narcolepsy, they show a somewhat elevated percentage of stage 3-4 and REM sleep, although this is probably not higher than that of age-matched controls. On the Multiple Sleep Latency Test they displayed moderate sleepiness and no sleep onset REM periods. A mental status examination and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory did not suggest a primary psychiatric disorder. PMID- 6665395 TI - A cluster analysis of insomnia. AB - Data from three consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory and data from psychological questionnaires and interviews were cluster-analyzed. A total of 89 physician-referred insomniacs were included, together with 10 good sleepers. The goal was to develop a purely empirical classification scheme of insomnia and to compare it with the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers' current nosology, which is based on clinical experience. The categories of chronic psychophysiologic insomnia and of childhood-onset insomnia were clearly identified in the cluster analysis. The insomnias associated with psychiatric disorders were split into five subgroups that made some intuitive sense, but did not mesh exactly with DSM III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 3rd edition, American Psychiatric Association) categories. PMID- 6665396 TI - Experimental elevations of blood pressure induced as an internal stimulus during sleep in man: effects on cortical vigilance and response thresholds in different sleep stages. AB - The hypothesis that raising blood pressure (BP) during human sleep, by intravenous administration of angiotensin II, causes arousals was tested. BP was measured intraarterially during polygraphic sleep recordings. Twenty-seven intrasleep elevations of BP in two young adults over 2 nights were evaluated. The BP increases ranged from 16% to 74% of the preexperimental level for systolic BP and from 28% to 84% for diastolic BP. Eighty-one percent of all BP variations induced arousals, and the number of awakenings during elevated BP was 6.5 times higher than in control conditions. These results confirm the hypothesis that BP elevation is an internal stimulus inducing arousal reactions from sleep. The arousals were equally linked to the three phases of BP variation, i.e., rise, peak, and fall in BP, indicating that BP variation functions as a stimulus unit. Arousal thresholds varied with the different sleep stages. They were lowest in sleep stage 2, slightly higher in REM sleep, and highest in slow-wave sleep, in accordance with the thresholds for neutral external stimuli. The study demonstrates the relevance of BP when considering the physiological parameters of sleep-wake regulation. PMID- 6665397 TI - Effects of sleep deprivation on signal detection measures of vigilance: implications for sleep function. AB - In an attempt to tease out the extent to which the performance decline during sleep deprivation might be due to a fall in the inherent capacity (d') of a subject, the parameters of the theory of signal detection were applied to auditory vigilance data obtained five times per 24 h during 60 h of continuous wakefulness. Eight subjects were exposed to both control and deprivation conditions in a balanced design. Oral temperature and self-assessed alert-drowsy reports were taken at three hourly intervals. The value of d' exhibited a significant stepwise decline during deprivation, falling sharply within the usual sleep period and levelling out during the daytime. Both temperature and self assessment data exhibited clear circadian rhythms overlying the declines due to deprivation. The changes in d' were seen to be consistent with a brain "restitutive" role for sleep function. PMID- 6665398 TI - Signal detection theory as applied to vigilance performance of sleep-deprived subjects. PMID- 6665399 TI - The incentive effect and sleep deprivation. AB - In order to examine the effect of a small amount of sleep following 3 3/4 days (90 h) of wakefulness, 10 infantry soldiers took part in a laboratory-based experiment. At the end of the vigil, a 2-h sleep was preceded and followed by a cognitive test session consisting of encoding and decoding. In order to simulate a realistic situation, subjects were not told the scheduled length of their vigil until a few hours before their 2-h sleep. Following the test-sleep-test period, 27 h were allowed for sleep and rest. Results indicated that after 3 nights without sleep, performance was, on the average, 55% of the control values. During the test session before the 2-h sleep, performance improved by 30%, to 85% of control values, indicating the considerable effect that incentive can have on even severely sleep-deprived subjects. The reserve mental capacity demonstrable during sleep deprivation indicates the caution that is needed if the effects of "undiluted" sleep loss are sought; it also emphasises once again the lack of knowledge concerning the function of sleep. PMID- 6665400 TI - Spindle characteristics in prepubertal major depressives during an episode and after sustained recovery: a controlled study. AB - In a previous publication, this group reported a dissociation between multiple sleep complaints and polysomnographic abnormalities in prepubertal major depressive children. Spindle activity has been thought by some to be a correlate of restorative sleep. On this basis, it was hypothesized that prepubertal depressives might exhibit differences in sleep spindle characteristics when compared with normal and psychiatric control groups, and with their former state during sustained recovery in a drug-free state. Further, it was thought that clinical complaints of disrupted sleep might be related to differences in spindle characteristics. Spindle frequency (Hz) was the only significant finding among the groups, but it was not specific to depressive disorder, since all psychiatric groups presented higher frequencies than did normal children. As expected, significant differences across halves of the sleep period time (SPT) were also found for the number of spindles, frequency (Hz), duration (ms), spindle density (rate), and the amount of stage 2 sleep (min). The presence or absence of sleep complaints had no bearing on spindle characteristics, thus indicating a lack of apparent relationship between the two. Upon recovery the depressives exhibited no changes across clinical state, and a cross-sectional comparison of the recovered data with the original control data gave results essentially identical to the first (active illness) comparisons. It is suggested that high spindle frequency may be a nonspecific correlate of emotional disorders in prepuberty, which, at least in depressives, does not change with clinical state. PMID- 6665401 TI - Delta, theta, alpha and beta power spectrum of sleep electroencephalogram in infants aged two to eleven months. AB - Automatic sleep EEG analysis was performed on infants from 2 to 11 months of age. Partial power spectra of delta, theta, alpha, and beta 1 bands were studied as function of sleep stages, age, and time of the night. beta 1, alpha, and delta power spectra are significantly lower in paradoxical sleep (PS) than in quiet sleep (QS) whatever the age; but theta is lower in PS than in QS only after 5 months of age. delta, theta, and alpha power increase with age in QS. Only delta and theta are greater in the first half of the night than in the second half. beta 1 power does not differ significantly in stages 2 and 3 of QS, during the course of the night or as a function of age. Thus delta, theta, alpha may be the best spectral parameters for the maturation of quiet sleep EEGs during the first year of life. PMID- 6665402 TI - A head position monitor for polysomnography. PMID- 6665403 TI - Disappearance of palatal myoclonus during sleep. PMID- 6665404 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and opportunistic infections]. PMID- 6665406 TI - [Truncal vagotomy in the treatment of postgastrectomy peptic ulcers]. PMID- 6665405 TI - [Occurrence of biliary lithiasis in patients with sliding hiatal hernia]. PMID- 6665407 TI - [Increase in the venous return during extracorporeal circulation due to the vasoconstrictor effect of dopamine]. PMID- 6665408 TI - [Surgical planning in maxillary and mandibular osteotomies]. PMID- 6665409 TI - [Management of contaminated injuries of the iliac artery]. PMID- 6665410 TI - [Guidelines for the treatment of amebiasis and giardiasis]. PMID- 6665411 TI - [Incidence of cesarean section]. PMID- 6665412 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): report of the 1st autochthnous case in Brazil and immunological study]. PMID- 6665413 TI - [A new case of deficient H phenotype in a secretor]. AB - A new case of secreting Bombay phenotype has been discovered during a routine blood grouping in a Caucasian born from consanguineous parents. In spite of the presence of an anti-HI antibody a transfusion of crossmatched O units was very well tolerated by the patient. PMID- 6665414 TI - [Anti-HAV-specific immunoglobulins]. AB - The prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies declines dramatically in some European countries because of increasing socio-economical level, leaving the adult population susceptible to HAV infection at a higher age. Therefore an increasing proportion of plasma used for preparation of ISG will not contain anti-HAV. So, it seems to us that preselection of donors is necessary for ISG preparation, in order to reach a satisfactory content of anti-HAV. Firstly, 800 donors above 40 years old were selected and it appeared that ISG prepared was not different from ISG coming out of unselected donors. Titer was 200 UI/ml by RIA method. Secondly, we selected plasmas with high titer of anti-HAV: C 10 greater than 87% by a competitive-inhibition RIA. 498 plasmas among 3 050 tested (16%) were chosen to prepare hyper-immune serum globulin (HISG). In this case, anti-HAV level was 800 UI/ml. In these conditions, it is possible to produce hyperimmune globulin that has a known specific potency against HAV and the future prescription would account anti-HAV level and not merely the volume. PMID- 6665415 TI - [Irrigation of the lesser gastric curvature after proximal gastric vagotomy. Evaluation by the fluorescein method and histopathological study]. PMID- 6665416 TI - [Lesions of the tracheobronchial tree due to closed chest injuries]. PMID- 6665417 TI - [Congenital esophageal stenosis. Practical considerations]. PMID- 6665418 TI - The ethmoid labyrinth: an anatomical and comparative radiological study. AB - After an osteologic description of the ethmoid labyrinth, the radiologic techniques which best display the ethmoidal cell topography, relationships and configuration are examined. On the basis of these observations it is concluded that standard radiographic tests cannot give a clear anatomic-radiologic representation of the ethmoid cells and that they must be supplemented with tomography. PMID- 6665419 TI - Blow-out fractures. AB - Twenty-one cases of blow-out fractures were treated at Osaka University Hospital between June 1979 and February 1982. 52% of the patients were teenagers. The most important cause of a blow-out fracture was a fist-fight (48%). Most of the patients had diplopia caused by the disturbance of the eyeball movement, mainly in the upward or downward rotations. 19 of 21 patients were surgically treated. The prognosis was much more related to the severity of the fracture than the period between the injury and the surgical treatment. PMID- 6665420 TI - Screening of allergic rhinitis. AB - The author, in an attempt to define the most suitable means for the preclinical diagnosis of allergic rhinopathy, submitted 1620 pupils from seven different state schools to examination. Their parents were asked to fill in a questionnaire through which 370 were considered to be "at risk". All children underwent scratch skin tests: 73 with positive skin reactions also underwent nasal examination, measurement of immunoglobulins in nasal secretion, rhinomanometry, nasal exposition tests, determination of blocking antibodies and radiological examination of the paranasal sinuses. RAST was carried out in 30 cases. After the analysis of the clinical data, the author came to the conclusion that the tests of nasal conductance and provocation, of mucociliary clearance and determination of blocking antibodies are adequate means for the long term study of allergic rhinitis and for the follow-up of contingent hyposensitization therapy. As far as the preclinical diagnosis is concerned the skin tests and the radiological examination of the paranasal sinuses are to be considered more specific than RAST which, in the population sample taken into consideration, was positive exclusively in those cases that already had a manifest symptom complex. PMID- 6665422 TI - Nasal polyps: a comparative study of morphologic and etiopathogenetic aspects. AB - 16 nasal polyps belonging to 10 male subjects aged between 40 and 70, have been removed during the same number of ethmoidectomies; the polyps have been sectioned and specimens of mucosa corresponding to the pedicle and to the different parts of the body have been collected. During the operation parts of the mucosa of the inferior turbinates were removed. All the specimens have been prepared and observed at the scanning electron microscope. The epithelium of the inferior turbinates, of the small polyps and of the apical part of all polyps were almost normal. Marked alterations of the epithelial layer have been observed in bigger polyps. Surface characteristics of nasal polyps seem to be influenced by their relationship with neighbouring structures and by their position in the nasal cavity, but mostly by their size. On the basis of these findings the authors discuss the most recent etiopathogenetic theories of nasal polyps. They finally describe some peculiar findings concerning the mucosal layer of the polyps and of the inferior turbinates of three confirmed allergic subjects and discuss their possible clinical implications. PMID- 6665421 TI - Aspecific nasal reactivity in allergic and non-allergic rhinopathy. AB - The Allergo-Immunology Department of the 2nd ENT Division of Rome University studied the behaviour of aspecific nasal provocation with methacholine bromide and with H2O at 2-4 degrees C in five groups of patients thus divided: normal subjects, subjects affected by allergic rhinitis, subjects with positive reaction to Graminacee in and out of season, subjects affected by perennial rhinitis due to D.Pt., and those affected by perennial rhinitis of non-allergic origin. All subjects underwent complete E.N.T. check-ups, anterior rhinorheomanometry (RRM), mucociliary clearance test (MCT) and evaluation of amount of nasal secretion. We were able to observe that nasal provocation with methacholine bromide, though on the one hand it was not able to provoke a significant reaction in the mucociliary transport function even though it caused a substantial reaction in the conductance in all five groups, on the other hand it caused a significant modification of nasal secretion with varying levels in the different groups. Furthermore, it was to be observed that nasal provocation with a cold water solution set at 2-4 degrees C caused a more significant reduction of the nasal conductance in subjects affected by perennial rhinitis of non-allergic origin in comparison to the other groups taken into consideration, even though it did not cause particular variations in the parameters relative to mucociliary transport and nasal secretion. PMID- 6665423 TI - Methods for standardization of nasal mucosa decongestion in man. AB - As physical exercise has been shown to reduce nasal breathing resistance, the effect of physical exercise on the nasal mucosa congestion was studied, using rhinostereometry, an optical measurement method. Submaximal physical exercise as well as oximetazolinechloride sprayed into the nose, caused mucosal decongestion but the stimuli were not strong enough invariably to produce maximal mucosal decongestion as studied in 16 volunteers at repeated tests. Maximal physical exercise as well as oximetazolinechloride applied to the mucosa on a soaked piece of cottonwool, caused a considerable (0.5-4.1 mm) decongestion. Furthermore, in each of the 8 studied volunteers the final position of the mucosal surface was the same in repeated tests. Thus, this mucosal surface position can be considered as the state of maximal decongestion and can in physiological and pharmacological studies be used as reference position. PMID- 6665424 TI - Antral irrigation with an indwelling plastic tube. PMID- 6665425 TI - Benign osteoblastoma of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 6665426 TI - [Patch-enlargement of a narrow aortic annulus--right coronary cusp approach]. PMID- 6665427 TI - [Early postoperative hemodynamics studies and care following open heart surgery in infants--with special reference to ventricular septal defect, complete endocardial cushion defect and tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 6665428 TI - [In situ pulmonary valve insertion in infants and young children--postoperative hemo- and cardiodynamics]. PMID- 6665430 TI - [Respiratory care following cardiac surgery in infants and children]. PMID- 6665429 TI - [Management of patients under the age of 1 after open heart surgery]. PMID- 6665431 TI - [Clinicopathological study of residual cancer of the bronchial edge noted after sleeve lobectomy of lung cancer]. PMID- 6665432 TI - [Surgery of pulmonary cysts in children: case studies]. PMID- 6665433 TI - [Implantation of a pacemaker in a 49-day-old infant for congenital complete heart block]. PMID- 6665434 TI - [2 cases of tricuspid regurgitation exacervated in the late postoperative period after mitral valve surgery]. PMID- 6665435 TI - [Surgical treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome]. PMID- 6665436 TI - [Surgical treatment of malignant thymomas associated with myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 6665437 TI - [Diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration by CT]. PMID- 6665438 TI - [Design of a box (Portpot) used in valve drainage]. PMID- 6665440 TI - [Cardiovascular operations in Japan in 1982]. PMID- 6665439 TI - [Surgical indications and methods in mild lesions of aortic valve associated with mitral valve conditions]. PMID- 6665441 TI - Acute valve replacement in active infectious endocarditis: facts which influence the prognosis. PMID- 6665443 TI - [Giant subgluteal lipoma. Rare cause of sciatica]. PMID- 6665442 TI - [Giant solitary malignant schwannoma of the sciatic nerve]. PMID- 6665445 TI - [Visual potentials evoked by pattern reversal presented to the whole field and lateral hemi-fields in hemispherectomized subjects]. PMID- 6665446 TI - [Indications for extra-intracranial bypass]. PMID- 6665444 TI - [Solitary neurilemmoma of the orbit]. PMID- 6665447 TI - [Benign intracranial hypertension and the empty sella syndrome]. PMID- 6665449 TI - Joint receptors--kinesthesia and position sense. A role as yet undefined. PMID- 6665448 TI - [Neuropsychological analysis of reading disorders in growing children (review)]. PMID- 6665450 TI - [Neuroradiologic and clinic considerations in a case series of 24 children with ischemic cerebrovascular accidents]. PMID- 6665451 TI - [Osteoid osteoma of the 2d cervical vertebra]. PMID- 6665452 TI - [Kinesigenic paroxysmal choreoathetosis. Observations apropos of 1 case]. PMID- 6665453 TI - [Sporadic distal myopathy. Description of a case in a patient of the female sex]. PMID- 6665454 TI - [Hemicrania and the EEG]. PMID- 6665455 TI - [A case of atypical frontal extradural meningioma]. PMID- 6665456 TI - [Ineffective attempt at treatment of Menkes disease with copper and the value of the amniotic-cell labeled-copper incorporation test]. PMID- 6665457 TI - [Intracranial lipoma associated with partial paralysis of the homolateral oculomotor nerve diagnosed by means of computerized axial tomography]. AB - The authors refer a case of lipoma of the middle cranial fossa in a 48-year-old man, who also showed a incomplete paralysis of third omolateral cranial nerve. By the analysis of clinical symptoms and of the data in the literature, the AA. are of the opinion that the third nerve deficit they observed is due to a primary malformation of the nerve itself. The importance of radiological findings is emphasized: the stratigraphy showed sphenoid bone defects; the CT allowed the right diagnosis displaying an area of low attenuations values. PMID- 6665458 TI - [Choreoathetosis. Uncommon manifestation during chronic liver disease with portocaval shunt]. AB - "Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration" is a rare syndrome characterized by extrapiramidal symptomathology in patients affected by liver complaint with porta cava shunt. Extrapiramidal symptomathology become chronical and progressive and its development is partially independent from the basic liver complaint. We report one case of "acquired hepatocerebral degeneration" whose clinical features lead us to advance a pathogenetic hypothesis on the role played by neurotransmitters in this syndrome. PMID- 6665459 TI - [Lumbosacral spinal epidural cysts. Considerations on a clinical case]. AB - A case of extradural lumbosacral cyst, secondary to an operation of discal exeresis, is described. Current literature regarding this type of lesion is reviewed and genetic and clinical features are discussed. PMID- 6665460 TI - [Significance of the palmo-mental reflex (pmr) in neuropathology]. AB - The Authors were interested in the palmo-mental reflex, pointing out the frequency of it in patients with neurological diseases and not, and suggested a hypothesis on the neurophysiological mechanism to the basis of its clinical manifestation. PMID- 6665461 TI - [Cervical rib syndrome with aneurysm of the subclavian artery. Clinical case]. AB - Authors refer to a clinical case in which they observed the association of bilateral cervical ribs with aneurism of subclavian artery. They underline the high frequencey of occasional observations of anomalies of the thoracic outlet, and consider the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the thoracic outlet syndrome and associated vascular damages. PMID- 6665462 TI - [Influence of social class on dietary habits of Warsaw's adolescents during partial food rationing in 1981]. PMID- 6665463 TI - [Nutritive value of the daily diets of adolescents living in boarding schools. V. Vitamin C content]. PMID- 6665464 TI - [Differences in the dietary habits of men from Warsaw's factories in relation to age]. PMID- 6665465 TI - [Selenium level and glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood of the population of Lodz and its environs. Preliminary studies]. PMID- 6665466 TI - [Determination of iron, zinc, tin, copper, lead and arsenic levels in beer by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry]. PMID- 6665467 TI - [Method of determination of trace amounts of mercury in non-alcoholic carbonated beverages]. PMID- 6665468 TI - [Toxic effects of tin. II. Organic tin compounds]. PMID- 6665469 TI - [Determination of testosterone in meat by thin-layer chromatography]. PMID- 6665470 TI - [Contamination of industrial chlorophenols and various herbicides of Polish production with polychlorinated dibenzo-P-dioxins (PCDDs)]. PMID- 6665471 TI - [Analysis of selected hygiene indicators in nurseries]. PMID- 6665472 TI - [Changes in body weight in elementary school children in the first and second grades]. PMID- 6665473 TI - [Bacteriologic sampling at the level of the nose, throat and ears]. PMID- 6665474 TI - [Audiometry in children]. PMID- 6665475 TI - [Treatment of acute otitis media in children]. PMID- 6665476 TI - [Tonsils, adenoids and immunity]. PMID- 6665477 TI - [Acute laryngitis]. PMID- 6665478 TI - [Etiology of deafness in children]. PMID- 6665479 TI - [The general practitioner and cancer]. PMID- 6665480 TI - [How to prescribe and monitor treatment with hypolipidemic drugs]. PMID- 6665482 TI - [The common cold, rhinopharyngitis and acute sinusitis]. PMID- 6665481 TI - [How I diagnose and treat intestinal and urinary bilharziasis]. PMID- 6665483 TI - [Winter bronchitis and acute pneumopathies]. PMID- 6665484 TI - [Influenza and its vaccination]. PMID- 6665485 TI - [Child pathology in relation to home heating methods]. PMID- 6665486 TI - [Influence of seasonal hibernal pathology on absenteeism]. PMID- 6665487 TI - [Emergency kits and cautionary instructions during skiing classes]. PMID- 6665488 TI - A light microscopic study on coronary atherosclerosis in an unselected population sample of Bucharest aged 41-50 years. AB - A light microscopic study was carried out in the coronary arteries of 112 apparently healthy subjects aged 41-50 years who died of accidents, in an attempt to reveal some particular aspects of atherosclerotic involvement occurring in the preclinical stage of coronary heart disease. Three of these particular aspects were stressed in the present study: 1. The important occurrence during the fifth decade of life of microthrombi and their encrustation within preexisting and newly formed atherosclerotic plaques, followed by a significant augmentation in the obstructive character of these plaques. 2. The dramatic increase in the number of subjects with a three-vessel involvement by atherosclerotic plaques. 3. The appearance of many obstructive atherosclerotic plaques in some branch vessels usually unopened and/or not removed during ordinary gross inspection. PMID- 6665489 TI - Antithrombin III in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. AB - When compared to 40 control subjects and to 13 patients with mitral stenosis (8 of them commissurotomized) antithrombin III (AT III) activity, assessed by a clotting technique, was found to be slightly but significantly depressed in the 18 patients with prosthetic valves in mitral position. Decrease of AT III level occurred mainly in patients with metallic Bjork-Shiley prostheses in whom mitral valve replacement had been performed more than 12 months before the investigation. Particularly low AT III activities were noted in the three patients who developed thromboembolic complications with lethal evolution. Impaired AT III activity in a patient with prosthetic cardiac valves might be considered as a marker of ongoing in vivo activation of coagulation. Such a finding should be a warning and an indication for intensifying the antithrombotic therapy. PMID- 6665490 TI - Pathogenetic interrelations between cholesterolosis and cholesterol gallstone disease. AB - In order to define the relationship between cholesterolosis (COL) and cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD), risk factors were comparatively investigated in a great number of patients. Sex, age and metabolic risk factors were the same for both diseases, but gallbladder anomalies and neuroendocrine disturbances were more often associated with COL. The lipid composition of the gallbladder bile was determined in patients with COL. The bile acid decrease and the increase of cholesterol molar concentration (moles %) were found, similar to those known in CGD. The similarity of risk factors and of bile lithogenicity, as well as the frequent association of COL and CGD suggest a pathogenic relationship of both diseases. Local morphological changes in conditions of high biliary cholesterol levels may be responsible for the intraparietal precipitation of cholesterol in COL. Thus, COL seem to be a peculiar variant of CGD and its classification into the heterogeneous group of cholecystoses is at present questionable. PMID- 6665492 TI - Study of gastroesophageal reflux by determination of endoesophageal pH using the Heidelberg telemetering capsule. AB - Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) was determined by recording the endoesophageal pH using the Heidelberg telemetering capsule in 60 patients with various esogastroduodenal diseases. Gastroesophageal reflux was found present in 29 patients (48.3%). The nature (acid in 27 cases, alkaline in 2 cases) as well as the degree of reflux (score 1-6.5) could also be determined by this method. Radiologically reflux could only be detected in 12 out of the 29 patients (41.6%) of whom 9 with hiatal hernia. Only 62% of the GER cases were symptomatic, this being in agreement with the high scores and with the presence of esophagitis confirmed histologically. In chronic ethanol consumers (24 cases) the incidence of GER was increased (70.8%) suggesting the role of alcohol in the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. In conclusion this method proved useful for the detection and quantification of GER. PMID- 6665491 TI - [Relationship between the HBs-antigen/antibody system in chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6665493 TI - Frequency of allergic bronchial asthma to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in different areas of Romania. AB - To detect allergic bronchial asthma to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and its frequency in a group of asthmatics, a study was carried out in 800 asthmatic patients and 345 healthy subjects from seven different areas of the country. We considered only allergic bronchial asthma to Dermatophagoides pt. without taking into consideration other allergens. Patients with chronic bronchopathy were not included in the study. The average frequency of disease in the group investigated was of 32 per cent. Considering the high frequency of this form of allergic bronchial asthma, specialists should grant a special attention to the early detection and treatment of this disease. PMID- 6665494 TI - Changes of the cellular immunity tests during the evolution of Hodgkin's disease. AB - To detect the changes of cellular immunity which occur at the same time as the pathological process and to find out the possible biologic indicators with prognostic value, a study was carried out on 140 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) in different clinical periods: onset, under therapy (cytostatics and/or irradiations), remission, after splenectomy and under immunotherapy. The study of cellular immunity included the determination of lymphocytes subpopulations by the rosette tests and their functional estimation by tests of blastic transformation to mitogens and antigens. Though the values obtained presented a wide dispersion, the rosette tests showed variations in correlation with the clinical stage, therefore with the severity of disease. It was observed that therapy and splenectomy change the cellular immunity tests. The only test with a certain prognostic value was found to be the in vitro lymphocyte response to PPD which became positive after therapy, particularly in the group of patients who showed good response to treatment. A dynamic follow-up of the cellular immunity tests might give an indication on the mechanisms of production of the immune deficit in HD. PMID- 6665496 TI - Neuropsychiatric implications of the state of war. PMID- 6665497 TI - [Reactive arthritis]. PMID- 6665495 TI - The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test in workers exposed to benzene and its homologues. AB - In 106 workers aged 18 to 56 years, occupationally exposed to organic solvents of paints and varnishes containing benzene, toluene and xylene for 1 to 122 months, the spontaneous and the stimulated reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in neutrophils was estimated. In all the subjects studied, both the spontaneous and the stimulated reduction of NBT was increased. However, after longer occupational exposure to benzene and its homologues the stimulated NBT reduction decreases. The negative correlation between the number of NBT-positive stimulated neutrophils and the exposure time was noted. The stimulated NBT test may be of value for industrial health control in the estimation of the toxic effects of the above compounds on the neutrophil system. PMID- 6665499 TI - [Pneumopathies caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in pediatrics]. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis now has an important place in infantile respiratory pathology. In neonates, it is transmitted in utero, which explains one quarter of the cases of interstitial pneumonia seen during the first months of life. In children, the number of carriers of antibodies increases with age and may be more than 40 p. cent by the age of 7 years. The mode of contamination and the pathological significance remain uncertain in this age group. Chlamydia trachomatis can be a cause of pneumonia in immuno-depressed patients. A survey conducted in a Paediatric Respiratory Medicine Unit showed that 22 p. cent of patients were carriers of the antibody and at least 7.8 p. cent were infected. PMID- 6665498 TI - [Intestinal bacteria incriminated in reactive arthritis]. AB - Amongst the numerous microbial species which constitute the intestinal flora, three bacteria belonging to the family of Enterobacteria have been incriminated in cases of reactive arthritis: the Salmonellae, the Shigellae and the Klebsiellae. These bacteria are easy to isolate and identify, but they are difficult to classify because of the multiplicity of serotypes and species. The participation of these bacteria in reactive arthritis is far from being clear: their isolation does not always have pathological significance, as these bacteria are usually opportunistic pathogens. The serological reactions must be interpreted with great reservation: antibody titers vary greatly between subjects and crossed reactions are common. PMID- 6665500 TI - [Breast and bone metastases of malignant melanoma with probable late manifestation secondarily complicated by hypercalcemia]. PMID- 6665501 TI - Inhibition of HCG induced testosterone increase by melatonin-free pineal extract in the rat. AB - The effect of a pineal treatment on rat testosterone under conditions of exogenous HCG stimulation was followed-up. Administration of 2 ml/day/animal of a melatonin-free pineal extract for 3 days lowered by 23% (p less than 0.01) the serum level and by 32% (p less than 0.02) the testis content in testosterone, both values being increased by concomitant administration of 50 UI HCG per animal. In other words, the melatonin-free pineal extract inhibited partially the testis response to HCG. The antiandrogenic action of the pineal extract is discussed. PMID- 6665502 TI - Calcitonin secretion in thyroid insufficiency. AB - The level of circulating calcitonin was followed up in 30 patients with severe hypothyroidism, diagnosed clinically and by laboratory examinations. Four of the patients under study had goiter. The complex investigation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, including radioimmunoassay of calcitonin was made under basal conditions and after calcium loading. The results revealed low basal urinary calcium excretion and an increased skeletal uptake of calcium after loading. Calcitonin secretion persisted in 8 of the patients under basal conditions and it increased after calcium loading in another 14 of them, accounting for the increased "skeletal avidity" for calcium. The persistence of calcitonin secretion supports an earlier clinical observation concerning the relative integrity of the skeleton in patients with hypothyroidism. In the hypothyroid patients with goiter the results do not differ from those obtained in the remaining patients. PMID- 6665503 TI - A case of long arm deletion of the X-chromosome in a patient with Turner syndrome. AB - The work presents the clinical and cytogenetic findings in a 16 year-old female patient with Turnerian phenotype and 46 XX, del(X)(q 13 leads to q ter) caryotype. The authors discuss the difficulties of correlating the caryotype to the phenotype in X chromosome structural aberation cases. PMID- 6665504 TI - The thyroid gland in malignant lymphomas. PMID- 6665505 TI - [Atomic/rearmament--a potential danger to the human race]. PMID- 6665507 TI - Hearing acuity in a Norwegian standard population. AB - The hearing acuity in stratified age groups of men and women from 20 to 80 years were examined in a Norwegian county. The test subjects were randomly sampled to constitute a standard population. Of the 2343 people invited, 1474 attended. Of those who did not attend, 424 completed and returned a questionnaire. Mean pure tone thresholds for both ears combined are presented for each sex separately and are given both as audiogram curves and numerically in tabular form. The most remarkable observation is a marked dip at 6 kHz in both sexes, even in the youngest examined age groups. PMID- 6665506 TI - Analysis of ruminal fluids with the ammonia electrode. PMID- 6665508 TI - Test-retest reliability of auditory threshold and temporary threshold shift. AB - Test-retest reliability of auditory threshold and temporary threshold shift (TTS) at 4 kHz and 8 kHz was examined. Twenty normally hearing subjects were exposed to a 3-min 110 dBSPL white noise on three occasions. Results indicated reduced reliability of both threshold and TTS scores over time, rendering 1-week TTS correlations non-significant. PMID- 6665509 TI - Temporary threshold shift after exposure to predicted and unpredicted noise. AB - In order to investigate if anticipation of noise could influence individual susceptibility to temporary threshold shift (TTS), an experimental study was carried out comprising 10 voluntary normal-hearing subjects. The noise stimulus consisted of noise bursts centered at 4000 Hz with a duration of one second. Initially, each subject was exposed in a test situation where the noise was presented instantly upon the subject's response (producer). The subject was instructed to respond by pressing a button as fast as possible after an optical stimulation. The rate was approximately 1 noise burst/6 sec and the total number of bursts were 100. The intervals between bursts were randomized. Each individual's exposure time pattern was recorded and used for the second test situation. Here the first exposure was reproduced, but each noise burst presented without notice (consumer). Each subject participated in 5 producer sessions and in 5 consumer sessions. Evaluation of TTS measurements revealed a maximum TTS at 6000 Hz. The mean TTS for all subjects in the two different situations, showed no significant difference and only one subject demonstrated a tendency toward a greater TTS susceptibility in the 'consumer' sessions. PMID- 6665510 TI - Examination effects in audiometric testing of children. AB - Serial AC threshold data recorded at 6-month intervals in 261 children aged 6 to 18 years have been analyzed for examination effects. After excluding effects of age, linear examination effects are shown by a multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measures and by a regression method. The findings indicate that hearing sensitivity improves with repeated examination. In the present data, the cumulative examination effects for eight examinations at 6-month intervals approximate 3 dB at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz and 5 dB at 4 and 6 kHz. The effects are larger in the right ear than in the left ear, but there is no significant sex difference. The recorded serial data have been adjusted for the estimated examination effects prior to further analyses. PMID- 6665511 TI - The hearing of symphony orchestra musicians. AB - The question has recently been raised as to whether the performance of symphony orchestra music involves a risk of sustaining hearing impairment. The following investigation presents a population study of 417 musicians, of whom 123 were investigated twice, at an interval of 6 years. Median values of screened tone thresholds were compared with a reference material, according to Spoor & Passchier-Vermeer (1969). The tone thresholds measured did not differ from the reference values although the actual sound exposure in some situations exceeded the permitted sound levels applied to industrial noise. We suggest that the sound exposure criteria for industrial noise are not valid when discussing such sounds as are produced by acoustic instruments in a symphonic environment. PMID- 6665513 TI - Sentence identification in noise and hearing-handicap questionnaires. AB - We compared the results of two hearing-handicap questionnaires (the Social Hearing-Handicap Index and the Hearing Measurement Scale) and the scores on three sentence-in-noise tests (CID sentences in continuous noise, BKB sentences in continuous noise and BKB sentences in noise modulated by the speech). Thirty subjects were tested, 6 with normal hearing, 11 with a mixed hearing loss, and 13 with a sensorineural hearing loss. Significant correlations were found among the sentence identification scores and the questionnaires, particularly those questions that dealt with the understanding of speech. Both the questionnaires and the sentence-identification scores were also highly correlated to pure-tone sensitivity. PMID- 6665514 TI - Studies on the temporary effect of noise on the auditory function in man. AB - ECoG and ABR recordings were performed on 22 young, normal-hearing persons, before and after exposure to fatiguing noise. Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) of up to 35 dB at 4-6 kHz was induced by octave band noise with centre frequency at 2.8 kHz. The latency of waves I, III, V and ACAP (Auditory Compound Action Potential) and intervals between waves I-III, III-V, I-V and ACAP-V were analysed as functions of stimulus intensity in pre- and post-exposure recordings. In post exposure recordings a threshold elevation, a significant increase of latency and unaltered intervals between the successive waves and ACAP were observed. It was concluded that the noise-induced auditory fatigue, measured as TTS, originates within the cochlea and is transferred to the auditory pathways. The great intersubject variability of the data obtained indicates that the TTS may be a useful measure of individual sensitivity to noise, but prognosis on the presumed Permanent Threshold Shifts (PTS) based on the evaluation of TTS would seem doubtful. PMID- 6665512 TI - Hearing deterioration in shipyard workers. Serial audiometry over a four-year period. AB - The hearing thresholds of a total of 58 workers aged 20 to 65 years were measured annually over a period of 4 years using Bekesy sweep-frequency audiometry. Using these data, accurate values of the yearly rate of change of hearing threshold level were calculated. The rate of change of hearing threshold level due to presbyacusis was obtained from several data sets, and the rate of change of hearing threshold level due to noise was calculated. When the average hearing threshold level over the frequency range 2-8 kHz was considered, it was found to be possible to establish a significant rate of threshold shift caused by exposure to noise for yearly changes as small as approximately 2 dB. In the cases investigated about 30% of the ears showed a significant deterioration in hearing ability due to noise. When comparing the permanent threshold shift caused by noise in groups of younger and older workers, it was found that the younger workers exhibited less threshold shift than expected, whereas the older workers showed a greater threshold shift than expected. PMID- 6665515 TI - Methodological aspects on the firefly luciferase assay of adenine nucleotides in whole blood and red blood cells. AB - The firefly luciferase assay of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) is used in a simple procedure for the determination of adenine nucleotides in whole blood and red blood cells. Cells are lysed with cold trichloroacetic acid and nucleotides are determined in the lysate after dilution with buffer. In a comparative study with the spectrophotometric assay of ATP, extracts were prepared by centrifugation of the lysate to remove interfering turbidity. This step resulted in a significant loss of ATP in the clear supernatant. This loss could be avoided by determination of ATP by the firefly luciferase assay in diluted uncentrifuged lysates. The yields of ATP, ATP + ADP and ATP + ADP + AMP were compared in a red blood cell preparation after lysis with trichloroacetic acid and another lytic method based on the detergent triton X-100. The precision was better with acid whereas yields were essentially the same with both methods. The method of standardization, external or internal, was of little practical importance regarding yields and precision, but internal calibration is recommended to ensure that there is no interaction of the luciferase reaction with lytic reagent or sample. PMID- 6665516 TI - Serum LDL cholesterol, the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio and liver microsomal enzyme induction evaluated by antipyrine kinetics. AB - The association of serum LDL and HDL cholesterol with hepatic microsomal enzyme induction, assessed by plasma antipyrine kinetics was investigated in 30 epileptics. Patients on enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants had reduced LDL/HDL cholesterol ratios and elevated HDL cholesterol concentrations and HDL/total cholesterol ratios, indicating a cholesterol transfer from LDL to HDL. Strong hepatic microsomal enzyme induction was associated with reduced LDL cholesterol. The LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was negatively proportional and the HDL/total cholesterol ratio positively proportional to the antipyrine clearance rate. Epileptics, particularly those with a high antipyrine clearance, had a cholesterol distribution pattern characteristic of a low probability of developing coronary atherosclerosis. The results support the view that hepatic microsomal enzyme induction favourably alters the cholesterol distribution in the body. PMID- 6665517 TI - Iron, copper, zinc and selenium in human liver tissue measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. AB - The content of iron, copper, zinc and selenium was measured by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry in normal liver tissue obtained at autopsy from 16 females and 12 males 46-87 years old. The precision of the XRF analysis, expressed by the coefficient of variation was: iron, 1.8%; copper, 3.2%; zinc, 1.0%; and selenium, 26.7%. In large liver samples, mean amount-of-substance contents of elements in dry liver tissue were: iron, 16.95 mmol/kg (range 7.90 27.31 mmol/kg); copper, 0.33 mmol/kg (0.08-0.76 mmol/kg); zinc, 5.12 mmol/kg (2.92-9.47 mmol/kg); selenium 0.02 mmol/kg (less than 0.004-0.04 mmol/kg). Furthermore the amounts of iron, copper and zinc were measured in wet-ashed Menghini needle biopsy specimens taken from the centre of 20 large liver samples. There was good agreement between results obtained in biopsy specimens and large samples concerning iron (r = 0.96, P less than 0.001) and zinc (r = 0.97, P less than 0.001), but not concerning copper (r = 0.66, P less than 0.01). XRF analysis appears to be a convenient method for element analysis in liver tissue and for measurement of iron and zinc in needle biopsy specimens. PMID- 6665518 TI - Optimal screening for patients with hyperparathyroidism with use of serum calcium observations. A decision-theoretical analysis. AB - The conventional upper 95 percentile references limit of serum calcium does not necessarily constitute an optimal decision limit in screening for patients with hyperparathyroidism. The design of optimal screening procedures has to consider (a) the prevalence of disease; (b) the relative importance of making correct classifications of patients; and (c) the influence of analytical imprecision and inaccuracy. Based on serum calcium determinations from three reference sample groups (healthy individuals, patients with hyperparathyroidism, and patients with hypercalcaemia due to malignant disease) optimal decision limits were calculated for different screening situations. Optimum was defined in terms of estimated 'costs' due to misclassification. Different values for disease prevalence were used, as well as different weighting factors reflecting the importance related to correct classification of healthy and pathological patients. For a disease prevalence of 5% the optimal decision limit varies between 2.59 and 2.65 mmol/l for a weighting ratio false positives to false negatives of between 1:5 to 5:1. For a prevalence of 0.1% the corresponding range was 2.67-2.72 mmol/l. Compared to classification on the basis of the conventional upper reference limit, the application of optimal decision limits means significantly lower costs due to misclassification. Analytical bias then has to be kept stable within +/- 0.01 mmol/l. Inter-laboratory analytical variation also has to be reduced to the same level in order to make it possible to transfer reference values, decision limits and single patient values to other laboratories. PMID- 6665519 TI - The effect of temperature on plasma ionized calcium measured in whole blood in vitro. AB - Plasma calcium ion concentration (cCa2+) in samples from 50 healthy volunteers was measured at four temperatures (21, 26, 31 and 37 degrees C) using a calcium electrode based on a neutral carrier ligand. A small negative correlation was found between temperature and cCa2+, the coefficient being -0.0017 mmol . l-1 . degrees C-1 (P less than 0.001). The significance of this in clinical, physiological and instrumentation fields is discussed. The effect on measured cCa2+ of overnight storage at 4 degrees C was slight, but did increase the variance of the results. It is suggested that the most accurate results of cCa2+ will be obtained from fresh samples measured at body temperature. PMID- 6665520 TI - An angiotensin I-protein complex isolated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from rat serum incubated with angiotensin I. AB - Angiotensin I (AI) protein complex with Mr 25,000 and an angiotensin I immunoreactive protein with Mr 60,000 were isolated from rat serum. The proteins were separated from AI by sodiumdodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing and reducing conditions using SDS and 2 mercaptoethanol (SDS-PAGE). The Mr 60,000 protein was isolated from non-incubated serum. Special attention was given to the Mr 25,000 AI-protein complex, called AI 25,000, which was generated in rat serum incubated with both synthetic and native AI for 1-5 h at 24 degrees C and neutral pH. The AI-25,000 was determined in two radioimmunoassays using two anti-AI antisera and 125I-AI. The experiments showed that AI reacts with a serum protein and forms a stable complex with a high molecular mass. PMID- 6665521 TI - Plasma fibronectin concentration in patients with chronic renal failure and treated with haemodialysis. AB - By quantitative electroimmunoassay the plasma fibronectin concentration was determined in 42 patients with chronic renal failure and treated with haemodialysis. The plasma fibronectin concentration was significantly reduced, independent of the haemodialysis, compared to a control group. Delayed wound healing seen in patients with chronic renal failure might be a result of the reduced plasma fibronectin. PMID- 6665522 TI - A wet chemistry method for the analysis of urinary calculi. AB - A procedure for the routine investigation of urinary calculi is described. The investigation scheme was based on existing methods in the routine laboratory for calcium(II), magnesium(II), phosphate and urate in serum. The substance content of oxalate was calculated as non-phosphate-bound calcium(II). Furthermore the test for cystine in urine was utilized. Two specially designed tests were used, one for carbonate apatite and one for verification of the presence of oxalate. The scheme was applied to 30 specimens of human origin. The sum of the mass fractions of identified and calculated components in the calculi was found to be 0.88 on the average (s = 0.05). Low values for this sum may serve as an indication of the presence of rare components that are not included in this analytical programme. A few calculi containing rare components required special methods for the investigation and are most conveniently investigated in a specialized laboratory using X-ray diffraction or infra-red spectrometry. In this paper, however, we describe wet chemistry methods, suitable for reliable cystine determinations and for oxalate in calculi containing, for example, brushite, where the calculated oxalate value is uncertain. These methods may be used as an alternative to the physical methods for many of the rare calculi. PMID- 6665523 TI - Characteristics of labile HbA1 in erythrocytes from normals and diabetics. AB - Incubation of erythrocytes from diabetic patients and non-diabetic persons in 0.15 mol/l saline at 37 degrees C was followed by a decrease in ion-exchange microcolumn determined HbA1 only during the first 4 h. The fraction removed was denoted as labile HbA1 and the remaining fraction as stable HbA1. Incubation in saline overnight at 20 degrees C did not completely remove the labile fraction. Incubation in saline overnight at 4 degrees C yielded only a slight decrease in labile HbA1. Incubation in saline containing various glucose concentrations (up to 100 mmol/l) produced increasing amounts of HbA1 during the first 3-4 h after which an equilibrium was reached. In both normal and diabetic erythrocytes incubated for 3-4 h we found a linear relationship between changes in labile HbA1 and glucose concentration. The degree of increase in labile HbA1 was the same in normals and diabetics and not dependent on pre-existing normal or moderately increased stable HbA1. In the blood from non-diabetics (n = 30) labile HbA1 was 0.5 +/- 0.3% (mean +/- SD) and in diabetics (n = 80) 1.6 +/- 0.8%. The correlation between labile HbA1 and simultaneously determined blood glucose was r = 0.72. PMID- 6665524 TI - Rapid diagnostic tests for glucosuria are still influenced by ascorbic acid. AB - The influence of ascorbic acid on commercial rapid diagnostic tests for glucosuria is demonstrated in vitro. Although much work has been done to stabilize the tests against such interference, and although manufacturers of tests trips declare their products now to be fairly stable against ascorbic acid 'at higher glucose levels', all the investigated commercial rapid diagnostic tests for glucose at the lower pathological range of glucosuria were substantially influenced by ascorbic acid at potentially physiological concentrations. PMID- 6665526 TI - Perceived velocity as a function of reference mark density. PMID- 6665525 TI - Amino acid sequences in amyloid proteins of kappa III immunoglobulin light-chain origin. AB - The main amyloid fibril (AL) proteins extracted from the spleen of Patient So 124 with systemic amyloidosis and from a skin nodule of Patient KSA with localized amyloidosis were studied by partial amino acid sequence analysis and proved to be of kappa III immunoglobulin light-chain origin. The sequences were similar to that of Bence Jones protein V and, which has been reported to have a unique kappa III subset sequence. Thus, except for position 9 in protein AL(KSA), the amino acid sequences were identical to position 25 in AL(So 124) and in AL(KSA). The question is being raised whether this kappa III subset might contain amyloidogenic sequences. PMID- 6665527 TI - Outline and description of an electronic system for lateralization of visual stimuli in studies of hemispheric asymmetry. PMID- 6665528 TI - Smoking among Norwegian schoolchildren 1975-1980. III. The effect of anti-smoking campaigns. PMID- 6665529 TI - Belligerence in alcohol dependence. PMID- 6665530 TI - Conditioning of a discriminative drug stimulus: overshadowing and blocking like procedures. PMID- 6665531 TI - Reliability and validity of some specific fear questionnaires. PMID- 6665532 TI - How to avoid aging effects in free recall. PMID- 6665533 TI - Ratio estimation of distance in a large open field. PMID- 6665535 TI - [Automatic blood smear differentiation using the Coulter Electronics Diff 3-50 system]. AB - The Coulter Electronics Diff 3-50 consists of a slide spinner, a slide stainer and a cell classifier. The cell analyzer is composed of an optical system with a microscope, microprocessor, video camera and printer. The system used in this laboratory is supplemented by a video monitor. The Diff 3-50 analyzes blood cells according to the classical criteria used in hematology. It classifies 11 types of nucleated blood cells and it processes an average of 45 blood smears per hour. It features a visual control of each cell classified with a built-in mechanism for change of classification by the operator if necessary. Moreover, the system estimates leukocyte and platelet count and generates a quantitative estimate of platelet number. Blood smears of 507 blood samples from patients admitted to the hospital were included in the present study. They were analyzed twice, first by the Diff 3-50, and secondly by visual checking of the automatic classification of each cell. The results of the two procedures were then compared. The findings indicate an overall false negative error of 1.4% and an overall false positive error of 4.3%. Major differences were found, though not consistently, only when the classification by the Diff 3-50 of the band neutrophils was compared with the visual classification performed by the operator. Lymphocytes and monocytes correlated well when both procedures were compared. Blasts present in 5 blood smears were recognized by the classifier. The Diff 3-50 identified immature granulocytes in 47 out of 48 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6665534 TI - [Amodiaquine-induced agranulocytosis in malaria prevention: demonstration of an amodiaquine-induced cytotoxic antibody against granulocytes]. AB - A patient is presented who developed agranulocytosis while taking amodiaquine for suppressive therapy of malaria. An amodiaquine-dependent granulocytotoxic antibody could be demonstrated in the patient's serum on day 1 after stopping amodiaquine medication. Granulocyte transfusion was ineffective on days 6 and 7, possibly due to the slow elimination of the drug. PMID- 6665536 TI - [Education of the diabetic patient and its evaluation by a multiple-choice questionnaire]. AB - 37 insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetics answered a multiple choice questionnaire during inpatient educational sessions. 12 dietetic and 12 pathophysiologic questions had to be answered. Statistical analysis of factors influencing the number of errors can be summed up as follows: there is a direct correlation between age of the patient and number of errors; the older the patient, the greater the number of errors. However, insulin-dependent diabetics committed fewer errors than non-insulin-dependent subjects of the same age, which suggests greater motivation in the first group due to their treatment. The test likewise affords the patients an opportunity of reviewing unclear topics and enables the educational team to adapt their teaching to the patients. PMID- 6665537 TI - [Does HDL-cholesterol determination facilitate the assessment of risk in coronary patients?]. AB - Serum lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol) were analyzed in 153 patients with proven coronary heart disease (CHD) with the target to characterize the risk potential of HDL-cholesterol. It turns out, that the specificity of HDL C is low (too many unexpected high values in CHD). Consequently this parameter is of little use in evaluating the individual risk for CHD. PMID- 6665538 TI - [HDL-cholesterol and family incidence of coronary disease in the Genevan population]. AB - In a healthy population, comparison of the lipoprotein lipid profile between subjects who were aware of the existence of cardiovascular disease among their relatives with the subjects who were not showed that the men in the former group had lower HDL cholesterol (1.3 mmol/l p less than 0.05) than men without a familial history of CHD (1.41 mmol/l). The difference was not significant in women. The values were within the normal range and there was an overlap of individual HDL cholesterol levels between the groups. This observation did however demonstrate that familial history of CHD was associated with lower HDL cholesterol and that low HDL cholesterol could play a significant role in certain families at risk. PMID- 6665539 TI - [A slide program on hypertension and obesity: a simple method of patient information]. AB - It is well established that information on their disease is one of the prerequisites for improvement of patients' compliance with therapy. The authors have therefore developed a simple slide program presenting information on hypertension and obesity. Consisting of 52 slides, it was shown in the central waiting room of the medical outpatient department at the University Hospital, Zurich. In order to assess learning, 841 patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire. 485 had seen the program and 356 served as controls with the program switched off. Four main results emerged: 1. The percentage of subjects scoring greater than or equal to 4 correct answers (of a maximum of 5) rose significantly from 22.6% to 64.2%. 2. The number of incorrect answers (maximum 3) remained unchanged. 3. Learning decreased with age. 4. Occupation did not have a significant effect on learning. The results clearly show that the program represents an effective method of teaching patients and may therefore serve to improve compliance with therapy. PMID- 6665540 TI - [Pathologic fluidity, glycohemoglobin and erythrocyte metabolism disorder in Fontaine II diabetic macroangiopathy]. AB - This pilot study set out to evaluate the influence of metabolic disorders due to diabetes mellitus on red blood cell (RBC) substrates, deformability and glycohaemoglobin (HbA1) levels. RBC deformability was measured optoelectronically by microcomputer-assisted polymicroviscometry (filtrometry) following separation of RBC into old (dense) and young (buoyant) fractions by means of density-layer centrifugation. 20 adult patients with type II diabetes mellitus associated with Fontaine II macroangiopathy underwent RBC investigations before and after diabetic therapy. Those RBC fractions containing older cells exhibited impaired metabolism, increased HbA1 levels and markedly altered deformability which significantly differed from values obtained from young RBC fractions. However, old RBC fractions only of patients treated for diabetes persistently displayed a slight increase in HbA1 levels associated with a still altered deformability, in contrast to the young RBC fractions which showed normal values again after diabetic treatment. The preliminary results suggest an adaptive alteration of RBC metabolism and function in diabetes, predominantly existing in old RBC, which still persists only in old RBC fractions after diabetic therapy. Thus, a prolonged pathologic effect of older RBC on the peripheral microcirculation may occur in diabetes, resulting in a further persistent maintenance of diabetic vascular disease. PMID- 6665541 TI - [Effect of catecholamines and propranolol on the acute acclimatization to high altitude in man]. AB - The venous concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine and changes in ventilation, respiratory gases, circulation and ECG were determined in 20 young healthy male medical students during standardized stepwise ascent to 6000 m in a low pressure chamber, once without (control) and once with beta-receptor blockade (propranolol). The results show that the plasma concentration of norepinephrine increased significantly as a result of hypoxic hypoxia. The moderate increase in epinephrine was, besides the minor but significant hypoxic influence, mainly due to psychic tension. Since beta-receptor blockade does not prevent the respiratory and circulatory adjustment, beta-adrenergic stimulation is not thought to be necessary at altitude. Propranolol, on the contrary, lowers the hypoxia-induced increase in cardiac output and diminishes the ECG changes, in particular the S-T depression, significantly. By antagonizing the effects of epinephrine and by its central effects, propranolol improves subjective tolerance to altitude, and, on the other hand, by economizing the cardiac work load, the objective ability to withstand oxygen want. PMID- 6665542 TI - [Diagnosis of tricuspid valve insufficiency based on clinical signs and contrast echocardiography]. AB - The sensitivity and specificity of three clinical signs used for the diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation (hepato-jugular reflux, congestion of the neck veins, inspiratory dilatation of the neck veins) were evaluated in 27 patients by contrast echocardiography. Tricuspid regurgitation was diagnosed when regurgitation of microbubbles into the inferior vena cava occurred at the time of the v-wave of the atrial pressure pulse. Nine of the 27 patients had tricuspid regurgitation (group I) and 18 patients (group II) did not. The end-diastolic diameter (group I: 3.1 cm; group II: 2.4 cm; p less than 0.05) and the end systolic diameter (group I: 2.9 cm; group II: 2.3 cm; p less than 0.05) of the vena cava inferior were larger in the patients with tricuspid regurgitation than in those without. The end-diastolic short axis of the right ventricle (group I: 3.5 cm; group II: 3.2 cm; n.s.) did not differ significantly between the groups. Within group II, the echocardiographic dimensions of the vena cava inferior and the right ventricle did not differ in patients with congestion of the neck veins from those without. A significant correlation between clinical signs and tricuspid regurgitation could only be demonstrated for the hepato-jugular reflux (p less than 0.01, chi 2-test) and for inspiratory dilatation of the neck veins (p less than 0.05, chi 2-test).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6665543 TI - [Usefulness of the Remler device in avoiding overtreatment of the so-called hypertensive population]. AB - To assess the reliability of the Remler system, a semi-automatic pressure recording device, several blood pressures were measured simultaneously by the conventional auscultatory method and by the Remler in 12 normotensive volunteers. In all situations tested both the Remler and auscultatory blood pressures were very close, thus demonstrating the reliability of this new technique. Ambulatory blood pressure recordings were then obtained with the Remler in 245 untreated patients referred for hypertension by their private physicians. Surprisingly, in close to 60% of them the average of all blood pressures recorded during usual activities was within the normal range. Since cardiovascular complications seem to correlate better with ambulatory than with office blood pressure levels, the Remler system appears particularly useful in recognizing those patients who, although hypertensive in the physician's office, remain normotensive during the day and therefore may not require antihypertensive treatment. PMID- 6665544 TI - [Anaerobic septicemia following oropharyngeal infections (Lemierre's postanginal septicemia): a forgotten syndrome]. AB - Two cases are reported of Lemierre's post-anginal septicemia. One was fatal due to extensive septic pneumonia, while the other presented as acute osteomyelitis. Both cases were preceded by oropharyngeal infections. PMID- 6665545 TI - [Comparative studies of mortality, morbidity and growth rate in conventional and swine health service farms. III. Morbidity and fattening rate]. PMID- 6665546 TI - [A case of splenomegaly in a dog]. PMID- 6665547 TI - [Statics and dynamics of the spine]. PMID- 6665548 TI - [The juvenile spine and its modification by sports]. PMID- 6665550 TI - [The operated and injured spine and its significance for sports and military duty]. PMID- 6665549 TI - [Dynamic and static stress of the spine and its possible effects in various types of sport]. PMID- 6665551 TI - [Disk hernias and sports activities]. PMID- 6665552 TI - Chemicals which cause birth defects--teratogens: a special concern of research chemists. AB - Women who are research chemists suffer an unusually high risk of being exposed to teratogenic chemicals (chemicals which cause birth defects) for the principal reason that they spend a good share of their lives in the laboratory in contact with wide variety of chemicals including new chemicals which may be unsuspected teratogens. Women research chemists therefore need to be able (a) to recognize known teratogens and (b) to predict teratogenicity of a compound that has not been tested. This article discusses these two points with an emphasis on the following topics: how to obtain information on teratogenicity of chemicals; how to interpret teratogenicity data from the literature; and how to make an educated guess about the teratogenicity of chemical compounds. PMID- 6665553 TI - Biological monitoring of environmental contaminants: chlorinated hydrocarbons in eggs of hens. AB - High concentrations of persistent chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide residues were detected by gas-liquid chromatography with an electron capture detector (3H), in eggs of hens collected from Lucknow under the pesticide monitoring programme. The present study reveals extremely high contamination of eggs, particularly with DDT and HCH residues. The eggs may be an important source of DDT and HCH build-up in the human body. Residue levels of p,p'-DDT and its metabolites p,p'-DDE and alpha, beta and gamma-isomers of HCH were higher in eggs of poultry-farm hens compared to those of domestic hens. Egg yolk contained higher levels compared with egg white, because of the lipophilic nature of pesticides and the high lipid content in the yolk. Average levels of total DDT and HCH residues in the yolk and white in the whole egg of a poultry-farm hen were found to be 18.5 and 4.6 micrograms respectively, whereas the average levels were 7.4 and 4.1 micrograms, respectively, in the whole egg of a domestic hen. PMID- 6665554 TI - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rainwater. AB - A study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in rainwater was carried out over periods of at least one year at two locations in Belgium with different environments. Maximum amounts and concentrations of PAH were reached during the winter period, mainly due to household heating. This influence was also reflected in the relative proportions of the six PAH measured. For comparable periods the amounts of PAH were almost proportional to the quantity of rain. With the available data, and as most of the rainfall is coming from the same wind direction, it was not feasible to localise possible pollution sources based upon the distribution of PAH over the different windsectors, nor was it possible to identify significant differences for both sampling locations due to their different surroundings, indicating that the rain plays an important role in the transport and distribution of pollutants over a wide area. Between about 100 and 170 micrograms m-2 PAH and 2 to 3 g m-2 of total organic carbon content (TOC) per year were deposited by the rain, corresponding to mean concentrations of about 140 ngl-1 of PAH and 2.9 mgl-1 of TOC. PMID- 6665555 TI - Detection of mutagenic/carcinogenic compounds in unused and used motor oils. AB - The discharge of used motor oils in the environment poses public health problems because of the mutagenic/carcinogenic compounds in them. Among these hazardous chemicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are of particular interest since the carcinogenic properties of some of them are known. The authors have applied the Salmonella/microsome test, coupled with two preparation methods of samples, to motor oils of different brands, both before and after use in car petrol engines. A PAH determination method was also studied. The results showed the unused motor oils to be nonmutagenic and to contain traces of PAH, while the used motor oils of the samples taken according to both preparation methods were highly mutagenic and contained a much higher quantity of mutagenic/carcinogenic PAH. PMID- 6665556 TI - Cd, Fe and Zn content of the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes in a Finnish suburb. AB - The epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes was analysed for its content of cadmium, iron and zinc in a suburb of Helsinki. The metal contents were slightly higher than those from unpolluted areas in central Finland. Elevated concentrations were found in the vicinity of a big shipyard. PMID- 6665557 TI - The blood sex hormone levels in sexually mature male atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Westfield River (pH 4.7) and the Medway River (pH 5.6), Nova Scotia. AB - Blood samples were taken from fourteen sexually mature (ripe) male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), eight from the acidic Westfield river (pH 4.7) and six from the less acidic (pH 5.6) Medway river to determine if there is any difference in sex hormone production in the fish in the two rivers. The plasma levels of the two principal male sex hormones, testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone, which normally peak at functional sexual maturity, were significantly lower in salmon from the more acidic Westfield river compared to those in salmon from the Medway river. Since these fish were of the same stock, and were in the same state of sexual maturation, it is suggested that the more acidic Westfield River has affected the production and/or utilization of sex hormones in this species. PMID- 6665558 TI - Diet and cancer prevention: an overview. PMID- 6665559 TI - Understanding the results of epidemiologic studies. PMID- 6665560 TI - Public health considerations in reducing cancer risk: interim dietary guidelines. PMID- 6665561 TI - Selection of participants for clinical trials in cancer prevention. PMID- 6665562 TI - Ethics and chemoprevention research. AB - A systematic approach to ethics and ethical analysis has been advocated here to provide an answer to an important moral issue in contemporary medical research. That issue involves the course of action to be taken when human volunteers are injured as a direct result of nontherapeutic medical research. It was argued that compensation for such injury is a moral duty of society. It would be interesting to extend this argument and its conclusions to concrete application in clinical trials of nontherapeutic agents; this task will be left for others. PMID- 6665563 TI - Clinical trials: a recent emphasis in the prevention program of the National Cancer Institute. PMID- 6665564 TI - Renal-cell carcinoma. Introduction. PMID- 6665565 TI - Surgical and histopathology of renal tumors. PMID- 6665567 TI - Diagnostic evaluation of a renal mass. PMID- 6665566 TI - The natural history of renal carcinoma. AB - In summary, some evidence indicating an increase in incidence of renal parenchymal malignancy has been presented. The nature of renal adenoma and its relationship to renal carcinoma remain uncertain, but it is possible that improved computerized tomography will allow in vivo identification of these lesions and initiate a long-term study to provide some clear data on their natural history. The heterogeneity of clinical presentation of this disease has been reviewed and the paraneoplastic syndromes and their importance summarized. Careful clinical and postmortem studies of disease spread, especially lymphatic spread, have been shown to provide useful information to the debate on the role of lymphadenectomy. Many of the unusual aspects of the natural history have been interpreted in terms of the hosts immune response and some data on the complexity and specificity of the host tumor interaction presented. In conclusion, an understanding of the natural history of renal carcinoma forms an important background on which to base clinical management and identifies areas worthy of further investigation in this curious tumor. PMID- 6665568 TI - [Wounds caused by lasers (forensic medicine aspects)]. AB - Features and conditions of laser usage in medicine are concisely presented. Histopathological lesions of skin, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver and other organs are described characterizing injuries caused by CO2 laser in experimental of human surgical material. A narrow carbonized border and giant cell reparative reaction on the opposite margin, tissue and cell evaporization and a special type of muscle and adipose tissue necrosis enable discriminate laser injuries from surgical wounds and electrocautery injuries. Conditions of laser usage from the point of view of patient's safety and professional hygiene are shown. PMID- 6665569 TI - Lower extremity loads stimulate bone formation in the vertebral column: implications for osteoporosis. AB - Senile osteoporosis is a growing national health problem. The purpose of this study was to determine whether loads applied through the lower extremity would stimulate bone formation in the vertebral column, the site of most osteoporotic fractures. Female white New Zealand rabbits were divided into experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups. The right hind leg of the EG was repetitively loaded to 1.5 X body weight, 20 min/day for three weeks; the CG was "sham loaded". Bone formation in both groups was labeled using tetracycline. Labeled osteons, resorption spaces, surface bone formation, and porosity were measured in cross sections from the right and left tibias and humeri, right femurs, and L6, L1, T12, T1, and C7 vertebrae. This experiment demonstrates that repetitive loading of the lower extremity increases osteonal bone formation in the vertebral column of rabbits extending at least up to the cervical spine, but not into the forelimbs. This finding supports the concept that exercise involving repetitive loading of the lower limbs (eg, walking) could be used to treat or prevent age related osteoporotic changes in the vertebrae. PMID- 6665570 TI - Unrecognized spinal instability associated with seemingly "simple" cervical compression fractures. AB - This paper described 27 patients who had seemingly stable compression cervical vertebral fractures. All were treated in cervicothoracic orthoses. None was initially treated in a Halo device or with surgery. Twenty patients were stable and healed without progressive displacement, angulation, or pain. One patient demonstrated an angular deformity, which spontaneously stabilized within six months with anterior bony ankylosis in a kyphotic position. Six patients demonstrated persistent progressive post-injury instability related to posterior ligament rupture. As muscle spasm diminished, the patients could be given a more reliable flexion-extension radiographic examination, unmasking the hidden posterior instability. Five of the six who demonstrated this instability were disabled because of pain. Two of the six patients were treated with a two-segment fusion. The other four have had fusion recommended and are currently being followed clinically. This paper emphasizes the need for better initial criteria of potential instability and close follow-up of patients with simple compression fractures of the cervical spine. PMID- 6665571 TI - The anterior cervical plate. AB - The anterior cervical plate was employed routinely in 13 anterior cervical fusions in adults at the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont (MCHV) from October 1979 to December 1980. A method for installation of the implant is presented. Review of these patients shows that the 11 survivors have satisfactory alignment of their cervical spines, with adequately evolving fusions. Technical problems include plate position and screw depth. This demanding method is now reserved for special indications. PMID- 6665572 TI - Comparative strengths of various anterior cement fixations of the cervical spine. AB - In vivo study, using cadaveric dog cervical spine, was performed in which the middle segment of the vertebral body was removed producing anterior instability. Eleven various methods of stabilization utilizing polymethylmethacrylate and other fixation devices were employed, and their static strength in hyperextension was tested and compared. A portion of the same dog's cervical spine in each case was used as a control. The results indicate that all fixation methods failed to regain the normal structural strength in extension. Cement with wire or chain methods of fixation were superior to other methods in this study. Fixation rigidity approaching rigidity of the normal spine appeared to be a significant factor determining the strength of the reconstructed cervical spine. Combined anterior and posterior fixation did not provide further strength, although it did increase the rigidity of the fixation. PMID- 6665573 TI - Kinetic therapy for spinal cord injury. AB - Kinetic therapy, also referred to as kinetic nursing, is the process of mobilizing severely disabled individuals by placing them on a special rotating bed. This therapy has the unique capability of anatomically immobilizing acutely ill patients while simultaneously creating a state of relative physiological mobility. A series of 162 patients suffering acute spinal cord injuries were treated with kinetic therapy during a 60-month period. A retrospective review of this patient population was performed with regard to the effectiveness of kinetic therapy in reducing commonly occurring sequelae in major organ systems. Results of the study provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of kinetic therapy, yet point to the need to assess benefits relative to those achieved with standard therapy within a prospective randomized trial. PMID- 6665574 TI - Percutaneous radiofrequency foramenal rhizotomies. AB - Thirty quadriplegic and paraplegic patients with intractable spasticity underwent percutaneous radiofrequency foramenal rhizotomies. This produced improvement in 94% of the patients, with excellent results in 73%. The complication rate was 3%. The major disadvantage of the procedure was recurrent spasticity, which was dealt with by simple repetition of the procedure. Rehabilitative goals were facilitated; needless painful disability was avoided; a need for intense nursing was reduced; the prevention and treatment of decubitus ulcer formation was enhanced. The study suggests that this procedure is effective, inexpensive, and at low risk to the patient. PMID- 6665575 TI - The posterior interspinous fusion in the treatment of quadriplegia. AB - The purpose of this report is to describe our experience with the posterior interspinous fusion in the treatment of spinal injury with quadriplegia. The charts and roentgenograms of 22 patients treated with this operation by the senior author (RW) from July 1978 to June 1981 were reviewed retrospectively. Follow-up averaged 19.5 months. All injured spines had significant posterior ligamentous damage. There were 14 fracture-subluxations, two unilateral facet dislocations, and six bilateral facet dislocations. The specific operative indications included six unacceptable closed reductions, nine failures of three month trials in a halo vest, and seven cases of predominantly ligamentous injury. All fusions were solid by the third postoperative month. There were no non unions. There was horizontal translational deformity (2.0 and 3.0 mm, respectively) within the fusion in two cases. In one case, there was an 18 degrees kyphosis within the fusion. Flexible kyphosis adjacent to the fusion, which averaged 16 degrees, was seen in five cases. The overall rate of neurologic recovery for this group was 32%. No patient lost function. Eliminating those patients who were complete quadriplegics preoperatively, the neurologic recovery rate was 77%. In comparison with the other treatments for cervical instability, posterior interspinous fusion is seen to be safe and effective. PMID- 6665576 TI - Radiation hazards in scoliosis management. AB - Safe radiography in scoliosis management is based on a sound knowledge of 1) the radiographic imaging process, 2) the degree of risk to the patient from radiation exposure, and 3) the radiographic requirements to both evaluate and follow patients with spine deformity. This paper is a current review of the subject and work done at the authors' centers. It includes recommendations for reducing the radiation risk while maintaining necessary diagnostic information. PMID- 6665578 TI - The natural history of spine curvature progression in the nonambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient. AB - The natural progression of the spinal curve of eight nonambulatory Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients were followed from 38 to 91 months (average, five years and two months). Curve progression was seen in all patients. In patients whose curves exceeded 40 degrees, secondary complications, including loss of function diminished sitting tolerance, use of the arms and hands to prop the body up when seated, pain, and a diminished vital capacity (12-16%), were present. PMID- 6665577 TI - Improvement in pulmonary function in patients having combined anterior and posterior spine fusion for myelomeningocele scoliosis. AB - Thirteen patients with myelomeningocele scoliosis whose surgery necessitated anterior exposure of the thoracic spine were tested for changes in pulmonary function following spinal stabilization. The majority of patients exhibited a T12 level paralysis and a mean scoliosis of 72 degrees. Average correction of scoliosis for the series was 63%, and two cases with one level pseudarthrosis had no loss of correction. Ten of 13 patients were tested for pulmonary function one month prior to surgery and an average of ten months postoperatively. Eight of the ten patients demonstrated increase in peak flow postoperatively. Five demonstrated increase in maximum voluntary ventilation, and six cases showed increased functional residual capacity. Forced vital capacity increased in two, decreased in five, and showed no change in three patients. Improvement in peak flow, maximum voluntary ventilation, and functional residual capacity was noted in all five cases with scoliotic deformity in excess of 60 degrees (mean 93 degrees). It is postulated that, following spinal stabilization, these patients are able to improve their thoracic mechanics, enhancing greater expiratory flow with greater endurance. PMID- 6665579 TI - Surgical stabilization of the spine in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - The problem of real distress from the discomfort of collapsing scoliosis is predictable in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Once the lumbar curve has exceeded 35 degrees, further progression is inevitable. A vital capacity, then, of 35% or more permits consideration of spinal surgery. Using these indications, 24 patients with DMD had long Harrington instrumentations and spinal fusions from S1 up to the upper thoracic spine (T4, 5, or 6). After two weeks recumbent, they were mobilized wearing a light spinal support in their wheelchairs. The complications encountered are described in detail. One patient died two years after his operation from dystrophic cardiomyopathy. With a follow-up period of four months to 42 months, the rest of these patients are well and sitting with comfort. The authors think that this experience indicates that prophylactic spinal fusion deserves consideration in the care planned for these patients. PMID- 6665580 TI - Intrathoracic chordoma presenting as a posterior superior mediastinal tumor. AB - A case of thoracic chordoma successfully treated with surgical excision is reported and described. Thoracic chordomata presenting as posterior superior mediastinal tumors occur infrequently and may be highly malignant lesions. Early radical surgery through thoracotomy provide the best hope of cure, and radiation offers only temporary regression of tumor. PMID- 6665581 TI - The cisterna chyli in orthopaedic surgery. AB - The cisterna chyli is normally hidden in prevertebral tissue and rarely encountered by orthopaedic surgeons. However, hyperextension injury and anterior surgical approach to the spine can result in injury and the complication of chylothorax. Prevention of postoperative chylothorax is mainly through awareness of normal anatomic distribution. If a chylothorax occurs, conservative treatment should be instituted (ie, thoracentesis and/or intercostal tube drainage). If drainage persists, exploration may be required to ligate ducts. Intraoperative discovery of an injury can be treated with ligation or repair. Ten orthopaedic spine surgeons were surveyed (estimated 1000 anterior spinal approaches) disclosing observation of the structure 12 times and chylothorax on only three occasions. When using the anterior approach in both spinal trauma and deformity, one must be aware of the structure and the potential complication of injury. PMID- 6665582 TI - Long-term results of lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse. AB - A series of 40 patients is presented at least ten years following anterior spinal fusion for intervertebral disc prolapse. The proportion of patients who had complete relief or only isolated transient symptoms at the five-year review (67.5%) showed only a very slight fall over the years (65.0%). The union rate was shown to improve with time. There was no clear evidence that anterior spinal fusion led to accelerated degeneration of adjacent intervertebral discs. The significance of posterior extension of the fusion is discussed. PMID- 6665583 TI - Intraspinal elastofibroma. A case report. PMID- 6665584 TI - Chordoma. PMID- 6665585 TI - Epidural lipoma: an unusual cause of a sclerotic vertebral body. PMID- 6665587 TI - A strategy for early intervention. PMID- 6665588 TI - Assessment for all, statements for none? PMID- 6665586 TI - Why assess--and who benefits? PMID- 6665589 TI - Children with brittle bones: an examination of their educational needs and progress. PMID- 6665590 TI - The predictive (in) accuracy of on-entry to school screening procedures when used to anticipate learning difficulties. PMID- 6665591 TI - Parents: underrated but undeterred? PMID- 6665592 TI - Psychologists respond to the act. PMID- 6665593 TI - How the psychiatrist can help. PMID- 6665594 TI - Children with sensory defects in school. PMID- 6665595 TI - The school's role in assessment. PMID- 6665596 TI - [Lead contamination]. PMID- 6665597 TI - [4 new cases of acute trichinosis in Naucalpan. Considerations on the real frequency of the disease in Mexico]. PMID- 6665599 TI - [Immunopathology of tuberculosis: the role of activated macrophages in the evolution of the tuberculous lesion]. PMID- 6665598 TI - [Immunotherapy of advanced pulmonary tuberculosis with specific transference factor]. PMID- 6665600 TI - [Prevalence of emotional disturbances in people of advanced age]. PMID- 6665601 TI - [Coverage and quality of a death register in a rural community]. PMID- 6665603 TI - [Onset of paralysis after vaccination against rabies]. PMID- 6665604 TI - [Pneumonia in Serbia from 1958 to 1977]. PMID- 6665602 TI - [Reported cases of transmissible diseases in the population of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social from 1972 to 1981]. PMID- 6665605 TI - [Indications for primary enucleation of the eyeball after injury]. PMID- 6665606 TI - [Interthalamic adhesion (massa intermedia). Neuroanatomic study (I)]. PMID- 6665608 TI - [Report of 4 patients with hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma]. PMID- 6665607 TI - [The living environment and childhood bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6665609 TI - [Cerebral thromboembolism in a patient with subacute endocarditis]. PMID- 6665610 TI - [Occurrence of Parkinsonism after a wasp sting]. PMID- 6665612 TI - [Aging and inactivity]. PMID- 6665611 TI - [Lung disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium fortuitum]. PMID- 6665613 TI - [Giant cell arteritis]. PMID- 6665614 TI - [Variations in the origin of ovarian and testicular arteries]. PMID- 6665615 TI - [The importance of obstetrical records in evaluating the value of prenatal care in Belgrade]. PMID- 6665616 TI - [Determination of allergy using the step reaction to tuberculin (allergometry) based on Pirquet's skin test. Differentiation between allergy to BCG vaccine and pathologic allergy to infection with the tuberculosis bacillus]. PMID- 6665618 TI - [Complications in 1,717 women in whom an intrauterine device was used for contraception]. PMID- 6665617 TI - [Duplication of the median cerebral artery]. PMID- 6665619 TI - [Coarctation of the aorta as a diagnostic problem]. PMID- 6665620 TI - [Case report of a patient with a uterine myoma and thrombosis of the left common iliac vein]. PMID- 6665621 TI - [Comment on the film "Variola Vera"]. PMID- 6665622 TI - [The conditions and problems of informing women about cancer of the reproductive organs]. PMID- 6665623 TI - [Presence of bacteria of the genus Haemophilus in the nasopharynx and their susceptibility to antibiotics]. PMID- 6665624 TI - [The role of fever in the protection of the body against acute infections. Diseases of benign origin]. PMID- 6665625 TI - [Urography findings in adult patients with vesico-ureteral reflux]. PMID- 6665626 TI - [Concomitant fractures of the upper part and diaphysis of the femur]. PMID- 6665627 TI - [Macroradiography and the importance of its use]. PMID- 6665628 TI - [Possibilities of the surgical treatment of stenosis of the spinal canal due to obstruction]. PMID- 6665629 TI - [Olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Case report]. PMID- 6665630 TI - [Herpes zoster oticus. Case reports]. PMID- 6665631 TI - [Dual functioning of the genetic substrate as a possible biological cause of the development of autoimmune processes and malignant tumors]. PMID- 6665632 TI - [Chance of intention? (on the problem of the propagation of scientific knowledge)]. PMID- 6665634 TI - [Hysterography and hysterosalpingography]. PMID- 6665633 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis of the mediastinum in adults]. PMID- 6665635 TI - [Influence of a non-ionic radiologic contrast medium (Iopamidol) on the microrheology of the blood]. PMID- 6665636 TI - [Classification of collagen diseases and overlap syndrome]. PMID- 6665637 TI - Decrease in crystal growth inhibition rate in the synovial fluid of patients with pseudogout. PMID- 6665638 TI - [Case of rheumatoid arthritis with the inflamed subdeltoid bursa containing 923 rice bodies--with special reference to the development of rice bodies]. PMID- 6665639 TI - [Autopsy case of progressive systemic sclerosis(PSS) associated with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis(RPGN) and diffuse intra-alveolar pulmonary hemorrhage--differentiation from Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 6665641 TI - [Radiographic presentation of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6665640 TI - [Sjogren's syndrome with renal tubular acidosis in a mother and her daughters]. PMID- 6665642 TI - Compartment syndrome and fasciotomy. PMID- 6665643 TI - Abdominal aortic surgery and coronary artery disease--should routine coronary angiography be performed? PMID- 6665644 TI - Experience with the axillo-axillary bypass. PMID- 6665645 TI - Acute arterial occlusion--finding the cause. PMID- 6665646 TI - Are brachial artery injuries significant? PMID- 6665647 TI - Management of abdominal aortic aneurysms extending above the renal arteries. PMID- 6665649 TI - Survival after blunt traumatic rupture of the abdominal aorta. A case report. PMID- 6665648 TI - Cerebral tumours mimicking transient cerebral events. Case reports. PMID- 6665650 TI - False aneurysm of the profunda femoris artery as a late complication of upper femoral osteotomy. A case report. PMID- 6665651 TI - Cabot's ring bodies in overwhelming infections. PMID- 6665652 TI - Iron-storage deficiency and iron supplementation in pregnancy. AB - Haematological parameters were determined in 146 pregnant patients seen before 20 weeks' gestation. Eighteen per cent had both reduced serum ferritin and raised serum transferrin values without significant anaemia, suggesting covert iron storage deficiency. One group then received 120 mg elemental iron daily and the other no iron supplementation. Repeat haematological assessment 20 weeks later indicated that in 48% of patients a significant decrease in haemoglobin concentration occurred if no iron was given. Supplementary iron prevented this decrease from occurring in patients with iron stores, but was insufficient to restore depleted stores or to prevent depletion of iron stores in 34% of patients with adequate stores. It is suggested that patients with depleted iron stores require therapeutic doses of iron, whereas those with adequate stores require little or no iron supplementation. PMID- 6665653 TI - [Mucocele of the floor of the mouth (ranula): the result of interstitial salivary leakage]. AB - Evidence in support of the theory that ranulas, with or without cervical extension, are caused by mucus escape from the sublingual gland is discussed. Our experience with 24 patients with large oral and cervical mucoceles is presented. In 2 of these patients a communication between Wharton's duct and the mucocele was demonstrated, presenting visible evidence for the mucus escape theory. Resection of the sublingual gland will cure the majority of large mucoceles of the floor of the mouth. However, the submandibular duct must also be examined in case this gland is also involved. Points in the operative technique are discussed. Although complete removal of the mucocele lining appears to be unnecessary, thorough removal of the mucus content is essential. PMID- 6665654 TI - The coloured elderly in Cape Town--a psychosocial, psychiatric and medical community survey. Part II. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders. AB - A study of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among 139 non institutionalized Coloured persons aged 65 years and over was undertaken. Standard instruments, namely the Present State Examination and the Mini-Mental State Examination, were used with modifications. Dementia was judged to be present in 8.6% and severe in 3.6% of the subjects. Other psychiatric disorders (apart from alcoholism) were present in 24%, depression being the most common (16.5%). The prevalence of paranoid illness (2.2%) may be partly explained by the high rate of alcoholism among the men (15%). Most of the 16% who had previously received psychiatric inpatient treatment were judged to be disordered at present, and a relatively small proportion of the respondents (6%) were currently on psychotropic medication, with only 1 subject receiving antidepressants. PMID- 6665655 TI - Left atrial myxoma in a black man. A case report describing the neurological and electrocardiographic manifestations. AB - Five patients with left atrial myxomas were seen at Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, between 1972 and 1982. The patient seen most recently presented with unusual electrocardiographic changes and neurological signs only. These latter manifestations are reviewed and the value of echocardiography is emphasized. PMID- 6665656 TI - Aortic and mitral valve replacement for bacterial endocarditis in pregnancy. A case report. AB - A 24-weeks pregnant woman presented with bacterial endocarditis due to Streptococcus viridans and severe aortic and mitral valve incompetence. Progressive deterioration in haemodynamic function and the presence of systemic emboli necessitated the urgent performance of aortic and mitral valve replacement; both the patient and the fetus survived. Double valve replacement for infective endocarditis in pregnancy has not previously been reported. PMID- 6665657 TI - Drug-induced oesophagitis. PMID- 6665658 TI - Problems in the management of sexually transmitted diseases in South Africa. AB - On the subcontinent sexually transmitted diseases present considerable diagnostic and therapeutic problems. With the recognition of vast numbers of non-gonococcal and chancroid infections, penicillin therapy is no longer adequate. This article outlines an approach to the management of urethritis and genital ulcer disease, giving suitable guidelines for the treatment of these 'disease syndromes'. The management of sexually transmitted vaginal discharges is also discussed, and the relevance of the rapidly performed 'wet mount' in the diagnosis of those discharges arising from the vaginal wall is stressed. PMID- 6665659 TI - An anthropometric survey of the nutritional status of black preschool children in the Dias Divisional Council area, May 1981. AB - The nutritional status of 1468 Black preschool children in a rural Eastern Cape area was assessed anthropometrically in order to provide the Department of Health and Welfare with a critical evaluation of the effectiveness of its subsidized skimmed milk powder scheme for local authorities in combating kwashiorkor, to indicate factors which influence nutritional levels, and perhaps to provide a sound theoretical and empirical foundation for future health strategies. Weight and height for age (using the norms of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS], weight for height, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness were used as criteria for assessing nutritional status. Stated age and certified age groups were assessed separately. Depending upon the sex and stated/certified age, the percentages of children falling under the third percentile ranged from 11,1% to 37,0% for NCHS norms and from 10,9% to 15,7% for skinfold thicknesses. Together with an urban assessment undertaken in December 1982 the survey may indicate where local problems will occur. PMID- 6665660 TI - Sporotrichosis arthritis. A case presentation and review of the literature. AB - Mimicry by fungal infection of other chronic bone and joint diseases may easily result in a tardy diagnosis with subsequent needless surgery or permanent damage to the joint and its function. A case of sporotrichosis arthritis involving both wrists and knee joints is described. Diagnostic pitfalls and therapeutic dilemmas are outlined. The literature on this apparently 'rare' form of arthritis is reviewed. PMID- 6665661 TI - The UCT class of '32--50 years on. AB - In 1982 several members of the 1932 final-year M.B. Ch.B. class of the University of Cape Town met for a golden anniversary dinner. Apart from its nostalgic significance, it provided an opportunity to compare the career choices of that era with those of today. Unlike present graduates, 50 years ago graduating doctors tended not to specialize and tended to enter rural areas to practise. The significance of these changes for local medical manpower needs is discussed. PMID- 6665662 TI - Economic evaluation of maternal screening to prevent congenital syphilis. AB - Benefit-cost analysis was applied to a model of first-trimester screening for syphilis where approximately ten new cases of early infections are identified and treated per 50,000 pregnancies. The cost of the screening is estimated to be +4.60 (U. S.) per participating woman, while the benefit-cost ratio was 3.8; thus the economic benefits are nearly four times the cost of the program. Furthermore, there are many other beneficial factors that cannot be evaluated in terms of money. The validity of the results varies with discount rates, frequencies of syphilitic infection, and rates of transmission to the fetus. If the incidence of maternal syphilis is 0.005%, the benefits equal the costs of the prevention program. In Norway, prenatal screening has been obligatory for 30 years. This represents a net benefit, or a total savings, of +8.6 million (U. S.; 1979). From an economic point of view, the first-trimester serologic screening should continue unabridged, whereas an extended preventive program, including premarital screening or additional third-trimester serologic tests, may not be advisable in Norway. PMID- 6665663 TI - The prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasmal infections during pregnancy in an American Indian population. AB - The epidemiology of cervical infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum among a group of pregnant American Indian women was investigated. The prevalences of these microorganisms were 24-30% for C. trachomatis, 50% for M. hominis, and 80% for U. urealyticum. These rates are unusually high for an unselected sample. Infection with C. trachomatis was correlated with younger age but not with primigravidity or educational level. Neither M. hominis nor U. urealyticum infection was correlated with younger age, primigravidity, or level of education. The possible consequences of the increased prevalences of C. trachomatis, M. hominis, and U. urealyticum in this group of American Indians are of concern and are being investigated. PMID- 6665664 TI - Transfusion syphilis: a case report. AB - An infant girl acquired syphilis after exchange transfusion with fresh whole blood in 1977 in Rotterdam. She showed typical features of early infectious syphilis three and a half months after the transfusion. The parents had no histories or clinical or serologic signs indicative of syphilis. Although the blood donor had negative serologic tests for syphilis shortly before giving the blood, later examination indicated that he must have become infected with Treponema pallidum shortly before donation of the blood used in the transfusion of the infant. PMID- 6665665 TI - Disseminated histoplasmosis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and other opportunistic infections in a homosexual patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - A homosexual man with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome had an unusually wide array of opportunistic infections. Despite antibiotic treatment over a period of two and a half years, the patient died. Perianal herpetic ulcers, oral candidiasis, cytomegalovirus infection, and disseminated infections with both Histoplasma capsulatum and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare were diagnosed during illness. An autopsy revealed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a cerebellar lesion caused by cytomegalovirus. The latter was probably responsible for the patient's gait disturbance. PMID- 6665666 TI - Chemical composition and ultrastructure of Mycoplasma hominis. AB - Mycoplasma hominis belongs to the family Mycoplasmataceae, which includes the smallest free-living organisms known to exist. Despite the small size of the organism, its chemical composition and cell structure are almost as complex as in other bacteria. The cytoplasm contains typical 70S bacterial ribosomes and a circular double-stranded DNA molecule. Both of these structures have been well characterized. Like other mycoplasmas, M. hominis lacks a cell wall. The cytoplasmic membrane is the outer boundary of the cell. The membrane lipid and protein composition of M. hominis has been established. The presence of various high-molecular-weight proteins at the extracellular side of the membrane in different strains is probably important in terms of the immunogenic heterogeneity of M. hominis. Furthermore, sugar-containing structures at the outside of the membrane may be important in the interaction between M. hominis and the mucosal surfaces of its human hosts. However, the information available on the cell structure of M. hominis is still inadequate for an exact definition of the relation between host and parasite. PMID- 6665667 TI - Biochemistry of Mycoplasma hominis. AB - The growth of Mycoplasma hominis is stimulated by arginine. A possible mechanism for degradation of this amino acid is the arginine dihydrolase pathway. The first enzyme of the pathway, arginine deiminase, is inducible in M. hominis. Evidence exists that the dihydrolase pathway is not the major pathway to production of adenosine triphosphate in the organism. M. hominis does not take up nucleosides from the growth medium, although the metabolic processes required for the transformation of precursors into nucleic acids are present. The system by which L-methionine is transported across the cellular membrane of M. hominis resembles the active-transport systems found in other microorganisms. The membrane of M. hominis contains a high level of cholesterol in the unesterified form. The low density fraction of human serum lipoprotein is an effective cholesterol donor, as are cholesterol-phospholipid liposomes with a high cholesterol content. PMID- 6665668 TI - Evaluation of culture media for the recovery of Mycoplasma hominis from the human urogenital tract. AB - Specimens from the cervix or posterior vaginal fornix of 50 women attending a venereal disease clinic and from the urethra of 50 men with nongonococcal urethritis were cultured for Mycoplasma hominis. Recovery of the organism in two conventional mycoplasma culture media containing horse serum was compared with that in SP-4 broth medium (which is used for the culture of fastidious mycoplasmas). M. hominis was isolated from approximately 63% of the specimens from women by means of either of the horse serum media and from 94% by means of SP-4 medium. The organism was isolated from 10-12% of the urethral samples from men by means of either of the horse serum media and from 22% by means of SP-4 medium. In all, 55 specimens yielded M. hominis in SP-4 medium and 37 in horse serum broth. Thus, 18 (33%) of the 55 isolates were recovered only when SP-4 medium was used. The presence of thallium acetate in the horse serum medium used in one laboratory appeared to contribute to its inferiority. These results show that SP-4 medium may be superior for the isolation of M. hominis in some circumstances. However, major modifications in this medium will be required for the selective recovery of Mycoplasma genitalium from the human urogenital tract when M. hominis is also present. PMID- 6665669 TI - Epidemiology of Mycoplasma hominis. AB - Mycoplasma hominis colonizes the vagina of women and the urethra of men. The organism is also isolated from beneath the foreskin of uncircumcised men. It is sexually transmitted. M. hominis is isolated from a small proportion of children and sexually inexperienced adults. Among sexually experienced adults, rates of colonization rise in relation to the lifetime number of sexual partners. Even with sexual experience taken into account, the organism is more prevalent among young individuals and among blacks. The use of barrier methods of contraception (condom and diaphragm) reduces the likelihood of colonization with M. hominis. PMID- 6665670 TI - The role of mycoplasmas in the upper genital tract of women. AB - Mycoplasma hominis is isolated from the cervix of 10-20% of healthy, fertile women. In contrast, the organism is recovered from the lower genital tract of 50 70% of women with pelvic inflammatory disease. Moreover, a significant antibody response to M. hominis is found in one-fourth of all patients with clinical and/or laparoscopic signs of pelvic inflammatory disease. These results suggest that M. hominis is etiologically involved in inflammation in approximately 25% of patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease and in approximately 40% of women from whose cervix the organism is isolated. PMID- 6665671 TI - Isolation of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum from amniotic fluid at 16-20 weeks of gestation: potential effect on outcome of pregnancy. AB - Samples from 61 amniotic fluids (33 discolored and 28 clear) collected by amniocentesis between 16 and 20 weeks gestation were cultured for microorganisms. Two of the discolored fluids were positive for Mycoplasma hominis, and two were positive for Ureaplasma urealyticum. Neither organism was isolated from samples of clear amniotic fluids. No other bacteria, viruses, or chlamydiae were isolated from fluids of any patient. The results prove that both M. hominis and U. urealyticum can infect the amnionic sac early in gestation without rupture of the fetal membranes. U. urealyticum was shown to cause a clinically silent, chronic (up to two months) intrauterine infection characterized by an intense inflammatory response. Complications in three of the four patients from whom mycoplasmas were isolated suggest, but do not prove, that mycoplasmal infection of amniotic fluid may have an adverse effect on outcome of pregnancy. Further studies are necessary to substantiate this implication and to determine the relationship between infection and discoloration of amniotic fluid. PMID- 6665672 TI - Mycoplasma hominis and intrauterine infection in late pregnancy. AB - Amniotic fluid was collected via a transcervical intrauterine catheter from patients with clinical evidence of intrauterine infection and from uninfected comparison patients. The amniotic fluid was cultured for Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum, as well as for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Two series of patients are reported. In the first, there were 52 patients with intraamniotic infection and 52 matched controls. Eighteen patients (35%) with intraamniotic infection and four control patients (8%) had M. hominis in the amniotic fluid (P less than .001). Twenty-six patients (50%) with intraamniotic infection and 26 control patients (50%) had U. urealyticum in the amniotic fluid. In the second series, samples were collected consecutively. M. hominis was isolated from 32% (19/60) of specimens from patients with signs of infection and from 14% (8/56) of afebrile comparison patients (P less than .02). U. urealyticum was recovered from 43% and 39% of these fluids, respectively; the difference was not significant. When M. hominis was found in amniotic fluids of patients with signs of infection, the amniotic fluid usually contained greater than or equal to 10(2) cfu of a high virulent bacterial isolate per milliliter. Qualitative cultures showed that M. hominis in the amniotic fluid is associated with clinical intrauterine infection. PMID- 6665673 TI - Mycoplasma hominis: a placental pathogen? AB - Current information on the role played by Mycoplasma hominis in placental inflammation was reviewed. M. hominis is associated with chorioamnionitis and funisitis, but the clinical significance of this association in not clear. Further research on the role of the organism in perinatal disease is needed. Meanwhile, in a gravely ill infant with a history of prolonged rupture of the placental membranes, chorioamnionitis, and funisitis, M. hominis should probably be considered a potential pathogen, cultures for this organism should be performed, and therapy with an antibiotic regimen effective against M. hominis should be instituted. PMID- 6665674 TI - Prospective studies of Mycoplasma hominis infection in pregnancy. AB - The prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis infection in ten different studies of pregnant women ranged from 7.3% to 50%. It is unclear, however to what extent M. hominis is a pathogen to the mother or fetus. Prospective studies have attempted to investigate the role of M. hominis in complications of pregnancy. Several have indicated a role for the agent in postpartum fever and endometritis, but only one so far has demonstrated the association in a large-scale sample independent of other suspected pathogens. M. hominis has not been implicated in spontaneous abortion or stillbirth, and only one study has shown an association with low birth weight. There is evidence that M. hominis-infected women with low or absent prenatal titers of antibody to this organism are at risk for puerperal complications, and that serologic definition of the activity of infection may be a better predictor of outcome than is the mere presence of the organism. There is need for more information on all major pathogens and their roles, each independent of each other, and on the roles of non-infectious factors and the host's antibody status in determining abnormal outcomes of pregnancy. PMID- 6665676 TI - Mycoplasma hominis and interstitial cystitis. AB - Antibodies to Mycoplasma hominis were detected by indirect hemagglutination in nine (56%) of 16 patients with chronic interstitial cystitis. In seven patients (44%), titers of greater than or equal to 160 were found. Antibodies to Ureaplasma urealyticum were detected in three (19%) of these patients; in only one patient was a high titer, i.e., greater than or equal to 160, found. M. hominis was isolated from voided urine of two patients, and U. urealyticum was recovered from the urine of three patients. A similar incidence of antibodies to M. hominis was found in 20 age- and sex-matched women treated transurethrally for bladder tumors. The high incidence of indirect hemagglutination antibodies to M. hominis found in these two groups of urologic patients who were subjected to repeated instrumentation of the urinary tract remains unexplained. PMID- 6665675 TI - Etiologic role of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in women with the acute urethral syndrome. AB - In an assessment of the possible etiologic role of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in the acute urethral syndrome (AUS) in women, 79 women with AUS, 35 women with acute bacterial cystitis, and 66 asymptomatic volunteers were studied. Evidence against an etiologic role for M. hominis in AUS included: (1) a similar prevalence of the organism among women with AUS (18%), women with cystitis (29%), and asymptomatic women (15%); (2) a lack of association of M. hominis with AUS cases for which no other infectious cause was found; (3) a lack of association of pyuria with cases of infection in which M. hominis was isolated; and (4) an absence of M. hominis from cultures of bladder urine obtained by suprapubic aspiration. A possible etiologic role for U. urealyticum in some cases of AUS was suggested by the association of counts of this organism of greater than or equal to 10(3)/ml with pyuria in women whose AUS had no other apparent etiology and by the isolation of the organism from suprapubic aspirates from four of 15 women with AUS of unknown etiology. Further studies, similar to those done in men with nongonococcal urethritis, are necessary for confirmation of the causative role of U. urealyticum in AUS. PMID- 6665677 TI - Mycoplasma hominis infection of the central nervous system in newborn infants. AB - The incidence of infections of the central nervous system caused by Mycoplasma hominis in newborn infants is not known. However, such infections occur in both full-term and premature infants, either with or without malformations such as myelomeningocele. M. hominis has also been recovered from brain abscesses. Infected infants usually present with signs of meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Hydrocephalus may develop. The cerebrospinal fluid characteristically has a reduced glucose content and an elevated protein concentration. The white blood cell count is high, with a predominance of either mono- or polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Cerebrospinal fluid yields M. hominis but not other bacteria. Some newborn infants with M. hominis infection of the central nervous system die, whereas others survive and become healthy. In spite of adequate antibiotic therapy, some of those infected develop sequelae such as hemiplegia. Therapy with tetracycline or lincomycin can rapidly eradicate the organism from cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 6665678 TI - Mycoplasma hominis: a review of its role as a respiratory tract pathogen of humans. AB - Mycoplasma hominis seldom colonizes the human respiratory tract and only rarely causes acute respiratory infection. It can be recovered from the respiratory secretions of 1-3% of healthy persons and of less than or equal to 8% of persons with chronic respiratory disease, but it has not been implicated definitely in the etiology of this disease or in the exacerbations that characterize its course. M. hominis has been isolated from less than or equal to 6% of persons with acute pharyngitis or acute upper respiratory tract illnesses and can induce exudative pharyngitis in susceptible volunteers when administered intranasally and oropharyngeally. Colonization of the respiratory tract by M. hominis occurs in approximately 15% of persons who engage in oral-genital sexual practices, but colonization alone is not necessarily associated with sore throat or other upper respiratory diseases. Although M. hominis has been recovered from adults with pneumonia more often than from controls, a pathogenic role in pneumonia of adults has not been established. Under special conditions, e.g., neonatal pneumonia, M. hominis appears to be pathogenic for the lower respiratory tract. Thus M. hominis probably is only an occasional respiratory pathogen in the adult and a rare "opportunistic" pathogen of the respiratory tract of the neonate. PMID- 6665679 TI - Organ culture studies with Mycoplasma hominis. AB - Organ cultures have been a valuable aid in the study of the interaction of pathogenic microorganisms with differentiated cells in vitro. Most studies of Mycoplasma hominis in tracheal and fallopian tube organ cultures using conventional light microscopic techniques have been unable to detect any clear cytopathic effects. More recent work, using sophisticated methods to examine the epithelial surface of fallopian tubes in culture, have now revealed alterations in the morphology and function of the cilia after infection with at least some strains of M. hominis. These results should provide a stimulus for further research on the mechanisms and factors important in the pathogenicity of this organism. PMID- 6665680 TI - Monkey animal model for study of mycoplasmal infections of the urogenital tract. AB - Various experimental monkey models have been used for the study of mycoplasmal infections of the urogenital tract. Direct inoculation of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum into the urethra of male monkeys resulted in successful reisolation of the organisms from the urethra without giving rise to signs of urethritis during the observation period. The organisms were inoculated into the posterior fornix of the vagina of female grivet monkeys. During the ten-week observation period, there was no clinical, histologic, or serologic evidence of lower genital tract infection. Inoculation of M. hominis and M. fermentans into the upper genital tract of grivet monkeys produced parametritis and salpingitis. It was concluded that grivet monkeys are apparently suitable for study of the pathogenicity of genital mycoplasms. PMID- 6665681 TI - Studies on ciliated epithelia of the human genital tract. IV. Mucociliary wave activity in organ cultures of human fallopian tubes challenged with Mycoplasma hominis. AB - Ciliary activity was studied in specimens of fallopian tube mucosa that were maintained as organ cultures and experimentally infected with Mycoplasma hominis. This activity was quantitated by an established method for recording of the light reflexes from the ridges and troughs in the mucous layer in which the cilia are beating. In organ cultures infected with M. hominis, a ciliostatic effect was observed; the proportion of organ cultures with no detectable ciliary activity was higher and the number of ciliary beats per minute in cultures with detectable activity was lower when M. hominis was present. PMID- 6665682 TI - Tetracycline resistance in Mycoplasma hominis. AB - The composition of the cytoplasmic membrane of a clinical isolate of Mycoplasma hominis that was resistant to tetracycline (minimal inhibitory concentration, 30 micrograms/ml) was compared with that of a susceptible strain (minimal inhibitory concentration, less than 1 microgram/ml). Neither differences in passive permeability of the lipid portion of the membrane to the drug nor modulation of active transport by membrane lipids explained the resistance to tetracycline. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed several differences between the membrane protein composition of the two strains. One 25,000-dalton protein was prominent in the membrane of the resistant strain but almost nonexistent in that of the sensitive strain. Therefore, the resistance may have been correlated with differences in protein composition. Preliminary evidence suggested that the resistance trait was plasmid-mediated. PMID- 6665683 TI - Treatment of extragenital infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis. AB - Extragenital infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis and the indications for antibiotic treatment of such infections were reviewed. Invasion of the bloodstream in conjunction with urologic disease or trauma and metastatic spread of M. hominis to the central nervous system or the joints must be treated with effective drugs. In contrast, M. hominis bacteremia in women with febrile abortion and postpartum fever is often transient and self-limiting and does not generally require treatment. A tetracycline is generally the drug of choice in extragenital M. hominis infections. Although the various tetracycline analogues differ in their in vitro activity against M. hominis, they are all clinically effective. Clindamycin is an alternative to the tetracyclines. Clinical experience with the treatment of extragenital infections caused by M. hominis is still limited. The optimal duration of antibiotic therapy has not been established, but a review of the literature suggests a duration of 10-14 days. Sulfonamides, beta-lactam antibiotics, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycosides do not elicit a clinical response in patients with extragenital M. hominis infections. PMID- 6665685 TI - Is there a computers' "impact" in the developing countries? PMID- 6665684 TI - The policy of medicines and its role in the supply of socialist public health. PMID- 6665686 TI - [Health education of the adult population]. PMID- 6665687 TI - [Probable changes in hospital admissions in Romania during the period of 1980- 2000 (role of the demographic variable)]. PMID- 6665688 TI - A methodological approach to the analysis of the efficiency of dispensary reports. PMID- 6665689 TI - [Mathematical model for the health budget of a population: the case of Romania]. PMID- 6665690 TI - [Incidence of beta-thalassemia carriers and those deficient in erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the greater Buenos Aires area]. PMID- 6665691 TI - [Hemoglobin variants and types of thalassemia of Spanish origin in the Venezuelan population]. PMID- 6665692 TI - [Heat dissociation of antibodies bound to the erythrocyte membrane]. PMID- 6665693 TI - [Properties of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and serum factors in patients with chronic idiopathic neutropenia]. PMID- 6665694 TI - [Ultrastructural (TEM and SEM) morphology of splenic reticulum cells and their local connections. An experimental analysis on the Wistar rat]. PMID- 6665695 TI - [The disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in patients with sepsis: prospective study in 62 cases]. PMID- 6665696 TI - [Causes for the rejection of blood donation offers. 5 years' experience]. PMID- 6665697 TI - [Purification and immunocharacterization of platelet membrane glycoproteins using affinity chromatography with selected lectins]. PMID- 6665698 TI - [Hemoglobin C: study of 3 cases in Spanish families]. PMID- 6665699 TI - [Double heterozygote HbC-beta(O) thalassemia. A new case of this combination in a Caucasian subject]. PMID- 6665700 TI - When to treat ocular hypertension. AB - Ocular hypertension (intraocular pressure greater than or equal to 21 mm Hg, normal visual fields, normal optic discs, open angles, and the absence of any contributing ocular disease) occurs in 4-10% of the population over age 40. The question of whether to treat ocular hypertensive patients remains controversial. The author recommends prophylactic treatment for selected ocular hypertensive individuals who are at high risk of developing primary open angle glaucoma. The primary risk factors are high intraocular pressure, optic disc abnormality, increasing age, a family history of glaucoma, and systemic vascular disease. In addition, certain features of the patient's personality or medical condition favor treatment; for instance, treatment would probably be indicated in (1) a young patient, (2) a one-eyed patient, (3) an unreliable patient, (4) a patient who cannot do reliable visual fields or in whom the optic disc cannot be visualized, (5) a patient who prefers to be treated, and (6) a patient who has suffered a retinal vascular occlusion. PMID- 6665701 TI - Side effects of timolol. AB - Timolol maleate, a nonselective beta blocker, has been associated with adverse reactions when administered topically or systemically. The current literature pertaining to timolol-related side effects and reports to the National Registry of Drug Induced Ocular Side Effects are reviewed. Knowing what side effects are associated with the systemic administration of timolol is helpful in predicting systemic side effects that may be encountered when timolol is administered topically. PMID- 6665702 TI - Facilitating patient compliance in glaucoma therapy. AB - Noncompliance is a major problem in glaucoma therapy. The causes, forms, and sociological variables associated with noncompliance are reviewed. A comprehensive strategy to facilitate the safe and effective use of glaucoma medications is presented and discussed. This strategy combines education about the disease and its treatment, "tailoring" of the therapeutic regimen, training and reinforcement in eyedrop application, cooperation with primary care physicians, alleviating side effects, and improving doctor-patient relationships. PMID- 6665703 TI - Timolol in childhood glaucoma. AB - In determining the role of timolol in the treatment of childhood glaucoma, the difficulties of conducting investigational studies in children and the possible delayed appearance of longterm side effects are real concerns. However, an equally important consideration is the fact that young children may face a lifetime of blindness from uncontrolled glaucoma. Timolol is not always successful in lowering intraocular pressure on a longterm basis in severe glaucoma, but it often does help in managing extremely difficult cases. In some respects, the results of using timolol in children are consistent with those achieved with severe adult glaucoma. Although experience with children under one year of age is still extremely limited, theoretical considerations would suggest that children might be particularly vulnerable to the known systemic side effects following local absorption, as well as to longterm side effects that are yet unknown. PMID- 6665704 TI - Safety and efficacy of timolol in pediatric glaucoma. AB - We reviewed the effect of timolol in 89 eyes (50 patients) with various types of pediatric glaucoma. Systemic side effects were observed in two patients (4%). Intraocular pressure (IOP) effect of timolol could only be observed in 18 eyes of 11 patients. The average decrease of IOP was 30.7% at the last follow-up. PMID- 6665706 TI - Efficacy of combining timolol with other antiglaucoma medications. AB - The ocular hypotensive effects of timolol and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide or methazolamide) are partially additive; that is, concurrent administration of these drugs produces a clinically useful reduction in intraocular pressure which is greater than the effect of either medication alone, but less than the arithmetic sum of the effects of the individual drugs. Similarly, concurrent administration of timolol and a miotic agent (pilocarpine, carbachol, or echothiophate iodide) produces a clinically useful response in most glaucoma patients. In contrast, the ocular hypotensive effects of timolol and epinephrine are poorly additive. Only a minority of patients maintain a substantial, longterm reduction in intraocular pressure when timolol is added to a regimen of epinephrine or vice versa. Ophthalmologists prescribing timolol or epinephrine for patients receiving the other drug are urged to use a therapeutic trial to one eye for several weeks to determine the efficacy of concurrent treatment. The addition of timolol to the medical regimen of patients uncontrolled on maximum tolerated antiglaucoma therapy (a miotic agent, epinephrine and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) reduces intraocular pressure substantially in one-third to one-half of the cases. PMID- 6665705 TI - Timolol in the management of secondary glaucomas. AB - The mechanisms of the secondary glaucomas and the actions and side effects of antiglaucoma drugs are reviewed. Based on these observations, the advantages of timolol, as compared to other medications, in the management of secondary glaucomas are discussed. To illustrate some of these advantages, a study is reported in which timolol is evaluated for control of the early intraocular pressure elevation after routine cataract surgery. PMID- 6665707 TI - Combined timolol and epinephrine therapy for open angle glaucoma. AB - A survey of the literature concerning the interaction of timolol and epinephrine in lowering intraocular pressure, and a study comparing the efficacy of timolol and dipivefrin (a prodrug of epinephrine) to that of timolol and pilocarpine are presented. These observations suggest that timolol-epinephrine therapy is less effective than timolol-pilocarpine treatment, although the former combination has clinical value in some patients, and it is possible that this can be enhanced when special schedules for drug administration are used. PMID- 6665709 TI - [Effects of several risk factors of atherosclerosis on rheologic properties of the blood]. PMID- 6665708 TI - [Determination of the type of compensatory hyperfunction of the right ventricle in hemodynamic disorders of the lesser circulation]. PMID- 6665710 TI - [Indicators of the mental state of patients with stenocardia]. PMID- 6665711 TI - [Changes in the electrocardiogram of patients with atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis and hypertensive disease during the active orthostatic test]. PMID- 6665712 TI - [Myocarditis and congestive cardiomyopathy (clinico-morphologic study)]. PMID- 6665713 TI - [Public health and its role in the social and economic progress of society]. PMID- 6665714 TI - [Types of central hemodynamics in men 35-49 years of age with normal, borderline levels of blood pressure and labile arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6665715 TI - [Potassium distribution in the body water of patients with hypertensive disease]. PMID- 6665716 TI - [Mechanism of action of the lung on oxygen content and acid-base equilibrium of the blood in patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 6665717 TI - [Ultrasonography in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of diseases of the pancreas]. PMID- 6665718 TI - [Characteristics of the distribution of HLA antigens in persons with clinically similar but etiologically different diseases]. PMID- 6665719 TI - [Clinical significance of the diagnostic broncho-alveolar lavage]. PMID- 6665720 TI - [Effectiveness of levamisole, prodigiozan and diucifon in the treatment of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 6665721 TI - [Geriatric aspects of diabetes mellitus and diabetic angiopathies]. PMID- 6665722 TI - [Several indicators of the hemodynamics of the greater and lesser circulation in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6665723 TI - [Fasting hyperglycemia as an indicator of asymptomatic diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6665724 TI - [Role of the liver in the etiology of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6665725 TI - [Sterol-fibrinogen blood complexes in patients with diabetes mellitus and associated ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6665726 TI - [Oxygen consumption and hemodynamics in patients with ischemic heart disease in the early stages of graded physical exercise]. PMID- 6665727 TI - [Gastroenterologic aspects of the clinical presentation of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6665728 TI - [Oxygen transport function of the blood in patients with diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6665729 TI - [Autoimmune juvenile polyendocrine (endocrine candidiasis) syndrome]. PMID- 6665730 TI - [Steroid carcinoma of the adrenal glands]. PMID- 6665731 TI - Behavioral and reproductive effects of chronic developmental exposure to brominated vegetable oil in rats. AB - Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% of the food additive brominated vegetable (soybean) oil (BVO) for 2 weeks prior to mating. After conception, the diets were continued throughout gestation and lactation for the females. The same diets were also provided to the dams' offspring throughout their development (up to 90-120 days of age). BVO at 2.0% of the diet completely blocked reproduction. BVO at 1.0% of the diet severely impaired conception, reduced maternal body weight, and produced slightly reduced litter sizes but no evidence of malformations. At this dose postnatal mortality was high, and survivors showed impaired growth and severe behavioral impairments on a battery of standardized tests of functional development. After weaning, adequate data could not be obtained because of the high mortality rate in this group. BVO at 0.5% of the diet produced less reproductive interference and much less offspring mortality or impairment of growth, but produced behavioral impairments almost as severe as seen in the BVO 1.0% group. In addition, this group exhibited severely reduced postweaning activity, delayed vaginal patency development, and reduced day-90 weight. BVO at 0.25% of the diet produced reproductive deficits similar to the BVO 0.5% group, but less severe effects on growth and behavioral development. This group showed no significant increase in offspring mortality. The data demonstrate clear evidence of dose-related physical and behavioral developmental toxicity. PMID- 6665732 TI - Phencyclidine exposure and the developing mouse: behavioral teratological implications. AB - The effects of perinatal exposure to phencyclidine (PCP) on the reflex development of the offspring of mothers given PCP during gestation and/or lactation were determined. ICR Swiss mice received daily injections of either PCP (5, 10, 20 mg/kg, PO) or saline during gestation and/or lactation. Thus, four groups of animals were studied; those exposed only prenatally, postnatally, both pre- and postnatally, or control. After birth, these offspring were observed daily until weaning for the appearance of certain reflexes, using a modification of the Fox battery. There was a delay in the disappearance of the cross extensor reflex and delayed appearance of reflexes, such as walking, crawling, vibrissal placement and vibrissal stroking in the offspring of PCP-treated mothers. Treated animals also showed slower righting times than control animals. Growth rate was decreased in PCP-exposed animals beginning at 3 days of age and continuing through 15 days of age. These results indicate that PCP exposure during gestation or nursing adversely affects the development of behavioral reflexes in mice and suggest that regular observation of reflex ontogeny in neonates may be a sensitive indicator of behavioral teratology. PMID- 6665733 TI - Toxic effects of sodium selenite on pregnant mice and modification of the effects by vitamin E or reduced glutathione. AB - Toxic effects of sodium selenite (SS) on dams and/or conceptuses and modification of the effects by vitamin E (VE) or reduced glutathione (GSH) were investigated in pregnant mice during late gestation. Dose-dependent fetocidal effects and fetal growth retardation were observed in mothers injected SC with SS on day 12 but not on day 16 of gestation. On day 12, abortion occurred only at a dose level of 58.8 mumol/kg SS, whereas on day 16 it occurred at two dose levels: 27.2 and 40.0 mumol/kg SS. Pregnant mice were treated with or without VE (50 mg/kg, SC, daily from day 7 to day 11) and injected with a single dose of SS (46.2 mumol/kg, SC) on day 12. VE prevented abortion and maternal death, but none of the other effects such as fetal loss, fetal growth retardation, and decrease in body weight gain of the dams. Pretreatment with GSH (0, 2, or 5 mM/kg, SC) 20 min before SS injection on day 12 exacerbated maternal death, abortion, and decrease in body weight gain of the dams. No effect were observed in the number of live offspring, and in body weight of offspring. PMID- 6665734 TI - The pathogenesis of retinoic acid-induced vertebral abnormalities in golden Syrian hamster fetuses. AB - Administration of single doses of retinoic acid to hamsters on days 7, 8, and 9 of pregnancy resulted in missing, irregular, and abnormally fused centers of ossification in the vertebrae of fetuses recovered near term. A study of early events in embryonic tissues following maternal treatment with 60 mg/kg of the teratogen on day 8 revealed a variety of changes which could be linked to the development of the bony defects. By 12 hours following treatment, the mean number of somites in teratogen-exposed embryos was significantly reduced in comparison to controls. Within 24 hours of maternal treatment, lesions were observed in the aortae of the retinoic acid-exposed embryos. The vessels were consistently damaged caudally with dissection of aortic contents into the adjacent unsegmented mesoderm. Kinking of the neural tube, notochordal irregularities, and a loss of intercellular relationships in the paraxial mesoderm accompanied the vascular lesions. By 36 hours following treatment, abnormalities were evident in the appearance of the caudal somites, and at later stages these appeared to translate into defects in the sclerotomes and subsequently, the vertebrae. The observations suggest that vascular damage plays a significant role in the induction of the vertebral defects by disrupting somitogenesis. Moreover, the results support the hypothesis that retinoic acid produces abnormalities in the vertebral skeleton by a mechanism different from that which has been suggested to operate in the induction of defects in the limb skeleton. PMID- 6665735 TI - Interaction of dietary zinc, genetic strain, and acetazolamide in teratogenesis in mice. AB - The effect of dietary zinc and genetic strain on acetazolamide-induced malformations was assessed. CBA (sensitive) and SWV (resistant) mice were fed purified diets containing five different levels of zinc throughout gestation and were given acetazolamide orally for a limited period during organogenesis. Controls received either no treatment or the drug vehicle. Litters were assessed for resorptions and malformations at term. The significance for influencing litter outcome was tested for the three main treatments: strain, dietary zinc level, and acetazolamide dose, plus their interactions. The magnitude of the litter response was strongly influenced by strain. The incidence of forelimb ectrodactyly, a characteristic malformation caused by acetazolamide, was much greater in CBA than in SWV fetuses. SWV fetuses had no ectrodactyly when dams were fed at least 9 micrograms/g zinc, but 5-8% showed ectrodactyly when dams received a zinc-deficient (0.4 or 4.5 micrograms/g) diet. The incidence of ectrodactyly in the CBA strain decreased as dietary zinc increased, but was still present when dams were fed a high (1,000 micrograms/g) zinc diet. The incidence of resorptions and total abnormal sites from litters of dams receiving acetazolamide decreased as dietary zinc increased, with the magnitude of the response being influenced by the strain. A significant (dietary zinc X acetazolamide) and (strain X acetazolamide) interaction was found for the ectrodactyly response. The results demonstrate the importance of considering interactions among genetic strain, diet, and drugs, as well as single factors as determinants of fetal risk. PMID- 6665736 TI - In vitro studies on methyl mercury distribution in human blood. AB - Studies comparing the methyl mercury (mHg) content of maternal and newborn blood have shown increased levels in the newborn. This has been attributed to facilitated transplacental diffusion because of high fetal hematocrit (Hct). This study shows the converse, that the diffusion of mHg diminishes progressively with increasing Hct. The diffusion of m203Hg across a Millipore membrane (0.45 microns) separating compartments A and B of a diffusion cell was studied. When both compartments contained saline or plasma alone, equilibration from A to B occurred in 5 h. Introduction of human red blood cells (RBC) in saline (Hct 20%) into B resulted in a twofold increase in diffusion of mHg when compared to saline alone. Increasing Hct in saline in compartment B resulted in a progressive decrease in diffusion (r = -0.95, P less than 0.001). The presence of RBC in plasma (Hct 20%) in B resulted in a 70% decrease in diffusion; with increasing Hct, diffusion was further reduced (r = -0.95, P less than 0.001). Direct addition of mHg to RBC in saline resulted in 98% RBC uptake. Increasing concentrations of plasma (at a constant Hct) resulted in a progressive decrease in RBC uptake. In undiluted plasma at Hct 14%, RBC uptake of mHg was 35%. Plasma electrophoresis showed that much of the mHg was associated with a high-molecular weight lipoprotein fraction. Plasma components appear to be important in the distribution of mHg in blood, and may be a factor in the relatively higher blood levels in the fetus. PMID- 6665737 TI - Maternal phenytoin administration affects DNA and protein synthesis in embryonic primary palates. AB - Recent studies have shown that phenytoin (Dilantin) administration to pregnant A/J mice on day 10 causes reduced growth in embryonic primary palates. The current investigation concentrates on biochemical and autoradiographic changes toward the end of primary palate formation (gestational day 11), which coincides with the developmental period used for the previously conducted morphological studies. On gestational day 10, one group of pregnant A/J mice was injected intraperitoneally (IP) with 60 mg/kg phenytoin and the other group with vehicle. Twenty-three hours after phenytoin administration, all animals were injected (IP) with either [3H]-thymidine or [3H]-leucine. After one hour of incorporation, animals were sacrificed, embryos removed and placed in ice-cold Eagle's minimum essential medium containing 0.02% NaN3 for biochemical assay or fixed immediately in Bouin's solution for autoradiography. For biochemical analyses, palates and limb buds were removed, homogenized, TCA precipitated, lyophilized, and acid hydrolyzed. Examination of the data revealed that DNA synthesis in control palates was 3.8-fold greater than in primary palates from embryos of phenytoin treated mothers. Results were similar for limb buds from control embryos and from embryos of phenytoin-treated mothers. Experiments utilizing [3H]-leucine indicated that protein synthesis was 2.6-fold greater in primary palates from phenytoin-treated mothers than in control primary palates. Similar results were obtained for protein synthesis in limb-bud tissue from controls and embryos of phenytoin-treated mothers. Autoradiographic data supported the biochemical findings. DNA synthesis in primary palates from embryos of phenytoin-treated mothers decreased 3-fold; protein synthesis increased 2.2-fold compared with control primary palates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6665738 TI - Arsenic-induced exencephaly in the mouse and associated lesions occurring during neurulation. AB - Early tissue damage following a teratogenic dose of arsenic to the dam was studied in mice with the objective of detecting the primary lesion associated with the development of exencephaly. Animals were killed 6 to 21 h after a single 45 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of sodium arsenate on day 8 of pregnancy and neurulation-stage embryos were fixed for histological and ultrastructural examination. In the prospective hindbrain, the most consistent feature associated with arsenate treatment was the widely separated neural folds which were not positioned for closure. Intracytoplasmic inclusions, interpreted as necrotic debris, were most numerous in the apical portion of the neural folds, sometimes extending into the mesenchyme, but they were not extensive in most embryos. In the prospective forebrain, necrotic debris was found throughout the neuroepithelium, in contrast to the posterior portions of the developing brain. It is not clear that necrosis of the neuroepithelium or mesenchyme would in itself be the primary lesion associated with exencephaly, although death of specific cells such as those participating in the fusion process could be involved. The potential effect of arsenate on physiological and biochemical processes which could affect neural tube closure is discussed. PMID- 6665739 TI - Effect of 2,450 MHz microwave radiation on the development of the rat brain. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 2,450 MHz microwave radiation at an incident power density of 10 mW/cm2 daily for 3 hours from day 4 of pregnancy (in utero exposure) through day 40 postpartum, except for 2 days at the perinatal period. The animals were killed, and the brains removed, weighed, measured, and histologically examined at 15, 20, 30, and 40 days of age. The histologic parameters examined included the cortical architecture of the cerebral cortex, the decline of the germinal layer along the lateral ventricles, the myelination of the corpus callosum, and the decline of the external germinal layer of the cerebellar cortex. In 40-day-old rats, quantitative measurements of neurons were also made. The spine density of the pyramidal cells in layer III of the somatosensory cortex, and the density of basal dendritic trees of the pyramidal cells in layer V were measured in Golgi-Cox impregnated specimens. In addition, the density of Purkinje cells and the extent of the Purkinje cell layer in each lobule were measured in midsagittal sections of the cerebellum stained with thionin. There were no remarkable differences between microwave-exposed and control (sham-irradiated) groups for any of the histologic or quantitative parameters examined; however, the findings provide important information on quantitative measurements of the brain. The data from this study failed to demonstrate that there is a significant effect on rat brain development due to microwave exposure (10 mW/cm2) during the embryonic, fetal, and postnatal periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6665740 TI - Comparative teratogenic effects of methyl salicylate applied orally or topically to hamsters. AB - Methyl salicylate was administered topically to pregnant hamsters at 7d9h and the teratogenic results were compared with those obtained following oral treatment with the same compound. Both treatments produced the same defect in embryos recovered at day 9: failure of fusion of the neural tube, especially in the area of the developing brain. Analysis of serum salicylate levels following both treatments produced similar curves and indicated that teratogenic levels of salicylate can reach the maternal circulation after topical exposure. PMID- 6665741 TI - Caffeine-induced limb malformations: description of malformations and quantitation of placental transfer. AB - Caffeine was administered intraperitoneally to CD-1 mice on days 11 and 12 of pregnancy at doses of 80-250 mg/kg. A dose-related pattern of malformations was seen that included mainly cleft palate, limb malformations, and hematomas. Many of the limb malformations were examined in preparations stained for cartilage and bone and a number of unique structural arrangements were found. As in previous studies, an asymmetric response was seen, the left limbs being affected more often than the right. Transplacental passage of caffeine was also studied. Caffeine and many metabolites pass into the embryo and attain concentrations slightly below those in maternal plasma. A peak caffeine concentration of 1 mM is attained after a teratogenic dose, which is at least an order of magnitude greater than that of any of the metabolites. PMID- 6665742 TI - Abnormal head posture associated with induction of cleft palate by methylmercury in C57BL/6J mice. AB - Maternal treatment with methylmercury (MeHg) has been shown to induce a high frequency of cleft palate and produce growth retardation in rat and mouse fetuses, but the relation between these effects is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine if mandibular growth retardation was a factor that contributed to induction of cleft palate in C57BL/6J mice. Two doses of MeHg (10 mg/kg maternal body weight) were given subcutaneously on days 10 and 11 of gestation, and the fetuses were morphometrically studied on days 14, 15, and 18. Full clefts of the secondary palate were present in approximately half of the treated day 15 and 18 fetuses; therefore, the cleft palate (CP) and noncleft palate (NCP) groups were analyzed separately to facilitate identification of morphologic changes associated with the clefting. The results showed that, compared with controls, the day 14 MeHg-treated fetuses had significantly smaller placental weights, but only half of the fetuses had delayed palatal shelf elevation, reduced body weight, and delayed morphological development. However on day 15, the CP and the NCP groups had similar reductions in body weight and placental weight. A striking downward and forward positioning of the head was present in the MeHg-treated fetuses with the CP group more severely affected than the NCP group. Significant differences between the three groups (control, NCP, and CP) were present with mean head-to-body angles of 67 degrees, 60 degrees and 51 degrees, respectively. The absence of normal head lifting resulted in a relative mandibular retrognathia that when combined with a decrease in mandibular length produced alterations in spatial relations that were most severe in the CP fetuses. The results suggest that after exposure to MeHg, palatal closure is affected by altered tongue posture associated with the abnormal head positioning and shortening of the mandible that develop following placental and embryonic growth retardation. PMID- 6665743 TI - Mevalonate supplementation in pregnant rats suppresses the teratogenicity of mevinolinic acid, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase. AB - Mevinolin is a fungal metabolite, and in the hydroxyacid form, mevinolinic acid, it is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-Co A) reductase, an enzyme essential in cholesterol biosynthesis. Oral administration of 800 mg/kg/day of mevinolin to rats from days 6 through 17 of gestation produced fetal malformations of the vertebrae and ribs in 29% of the litters, and there was a treatment-related increase in the incidence of gastroschisis. Mevinolinic acid at 60 and 90 mg/kg/day also produced fetal malformations of the vertebrae and ribs, and these teratogenic manifestations were markedly suppressed by coadministration of the product of HMG-Co A reductase, mevalonic acid, at a dosage level of 500 mg/kg b.i.d. A diet supplemented with 0.5% or 1.0% cholesterol had no effect on the teratogenicity of mevinolinic acid. Teratology studies in rats with a dihydroxyheptanoic acid derivative of mevinolin, a compound 1/700 as potent as mevinolinic acid as an inhibitor of HMG-Co A reductase, and dihydromevinolinic acid, an inhibitor of this enzyme comparable in activity to mevinolinic acid, indicated that the teratogenicity of these compounds was related to their relative enzyme inhibitory activity. The dihydroxyheptanoic acid derivative was not teratogenic at doses as high as 150 mg/kg b.i.d.; in contrast, when dihydromevinolinic acid was administered at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, its potency as a teratogenic agent was comparable to that of mevinolinic acid. These studies demonstrated that inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase produced terata in rats and that the teratogenic effects could be antagonized by coadministration of the enzyme product, mevalonic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6665744 TI - The chronology of somites in rat embryos. AB - To establish their chronology in rats the somites of 902 embryos were counted. They were the products of 89 pregnancies terminated at three hourly intervals from 231 hours to 288 hours and then six hourly until 324 hours. Somites form at a virtually constant rate of one somite per 1.87 hours. This is incorporated in the regression equation (formula; see text) where y = number of somites, x = hours of gestation from 06.00 on the morning after overnight mating. The greatest variation in the maturity of embryos within any time-determined sample was nine somites (= 16.8 hours) and the least was three somites (= 5.6 hours). Some uses for the data in experimental teratology are suggested. PMID- 6665745 TI - Early morphological abnormalities in splotch mouse embryos and predisposition to gene- and retinoic acid-induced neural tube defects. AB - Genetic and environmental factors contribute to an individual's neural tube defect liability. In the mouse, the gene mutation Splotch (Sp) causes a pigmentation defect in heterozygotes while homozygotes have spina bifida +/- exencephaly. Splotch homozygotes, heterozygotes, and wild-type embryos were examined for somite number, anterior neuropore closure, and posterior neuropore length. The aim was to distinguish potentially affected homozygotes early in pathogenesis and find a morphological basis for increased teratogen susceptibility in heterozygotes. Posterior neuropore closure as well as anterior neuropore closure was significantly delayed in potentially affected Sp as compared to wild-type litter embryos exceeding the incidence found in day-10 diagnosed homozygotes. Part of this excess was attributed to a transient delay in heterozygotes which in turn might predispose to retinoic acid-induced neural tube defects. This idea was supported by an outcross of Sp heterozygote males by inbred SWV females and wild-type males by SWV where a significant increase in retinoic acid-induced neural tube defects was found in Sp carrier litters. PMID- 6665746 TI - The exocoelom is not the yolk sac. PMID- 6665748 TI - The epidemiology of esophageal atresia. PMID- 6665747 TI - Incorrect use of yolk sac cavity. PMID- 6665749 TI - Subacute massive pulmonary embolism treated with plasminogen and streptokinase. AB - Major pulmonary embolism occurring insidiously over several weeks (subacute massive pulmonary embolism) has a high mortality and may not respond well to standard anticoagulant or thrombolytic treatment. A priming dose of plasminogen was used to enhance thrombolysis produced by a streptokinase infusion in five consecutive patients with subacute massive pulmonary embolism. In each patient a dramatic clinical improvement occurred with a substantial increase in pulmonary blood flow. All five patients survived to leave hospital. Malignant disease was the underlying cause of embolism in three patients, two of whom died of their malignant disease in the six months after treatment of their pulmonary embolism. The third patient with malignant disease had a choriocarcinoma; at least some of the pulmonary obstruction may have been tumour tissue but this obstruction was dramatically cleared by the treatment. The use of a combination of plasminogen with streptokinase should be considered in severely ill patients with subacute massive pulmonary embolism, particularly if other treatment, including streptokinase alone, has failed. PMID- 6665750 TI - Comparison of three techniques of inhalation on the airway response to terbutaline. AB - The relative efficiency of the metered dose inhaler (MDI), the MDI attached to a pear shaped extension tube (PET), and the Inspiron Mini-Neb nebuliser were assessed in eight normal and eight asthmatic subjects. Subjects inhaled the same increasing doses of terbutaline with each technique on different occasions and the response was measured as specific airway conductance (sGaw) and, in the asthmatic patients only, as FEV1. The PET produced greater bronchodilatation than either the MDI or the nebuliser in both normal and asthmatic subjects. Serum terbutaline concentrations were similar after the PET and MDI in the normal subjects, but were lower with the PET in the asthmatic patients. The nebuliser produced about the same amount of bronchodilatation as the MDI--slightly less in the normal subjects and slightly more when assessed as FEV1 in the asthmatic subjects. Serum terbutaline concentrations were lower after the nebuliser than after the MDI in both groups of subjects. For patients with moderately severe airways obstruction requiring large doses of beta agonist, the nebuliser will produce an amount of bronchodilatation similar to the MDI with lower blood levels. Overall, the PET produced greater bronchodilatation than either of the other two methods of inhalation, with low serum terbutaline concentrations similar to those produced by the nebuliser in the asthmatic patients. PMID- 6665751 TI - Injuries to the tracheobronchial tree in closed trauma. AB - Seven cases of injury to the tracheobronchial tree in closed trauma of the thorax, treated by the surgical emergency service of the Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, during the period 1980-2 are described and compared with previously published cases. The diagnosis of the seven cases presented in this series was clinically suspected and endoscopically confirmed within 24 hours of injury, all patients being immediately submitted to reconstructive surgery; and except for one who failed to respond to initial resuscitation and died during surgery all the patients had a satisfactory postoperative course. Many previously reported cases of tracheobronchial injury by contrast have taken more than a month to be diagnosed; but for the best results such injuries must be repaired immediately. Awareness of the possibility of tracheobronchial injury in cases of violent chest trauma is important for early diagnosis; emphysema, dyspnoea, and pneumothorax are not always present, and absence of radiological and clinical signs of tracheobronchial injury does not exclude such injury. Bronchoscopy is the most important investigation for clinical diagnosis. Once the diagnosis has been made thoracotomy is nearly always required. Throughout the surgical procedure expert cooperation between anaesthetist and surgeon is essential. After operation prevention of further damage to the trachea depends on careful respiratory management. PMID- 6665752 TI - Respiratory tract disease and obstructive azoospermia. AB - Male infertility may be linked to respiratory tract disease in conditions such as cystic fibrosis and Kartagener's syndrome. Young's syndrome constitutes another such link, in which bronchiectasis is found in association with obstructive azoospermia and normal testicular function. We have studied 34 infertile men with mechanical azoospermia and appropriate control subjects to assess the number of patients with respiratory tract disease and the type and frequency of such disorders. Nineteen patients (59%) had grossly abnormal sinus radiographs compared with six controls (18%) (p less than 0.01) and 19 (56%--NS) gave a history of sinusitis; of these, six (18%) had had sinus operations (p less than 0.01). Eleven patients (32%) had histories of repeated otitis media, of whom two had had mastoid operations. Twelve (35%) had chronic bronchitis, of whom three were non-smokers. Ten other patients had bronchiectasis (p less than 0.001) and three of these had had a lobectomy. The chest radiograph was abnormal in 18 patients (p less than 0.001), including all 10 with bronchiectasis. Two patients had severe airflow obstruction and 13 others had a mildly obstructive pattern. This controlled study confirms that a significant excess of sinorespiratory disease can be identified in young men with obstructive azoospermia. We have found no features in the history or in the results of examination or investigations to explain why some of these patients have respiratory tract disease while others do not. PMID- 6665753 TI - Treatment of pneumothorax by simple aspiration. AB - Ten patients with pneumothoraces were treated by simple aspiration. Treatment was successful in seven after single or multiple aspirations. Only one of these pneumothoraces has recurred and surgical treatment was then required. PMID- 6665754 TI - Primary pulmonary tumours of neurogenic origin. AB - Primary intrapulmonary neurogenic tumours are extremely rare. In a series of 1664 patients with pulmonary neoplasms observed during 1967-80 only four such tumours were identified (0.2%). All four patients underwent surgical excision. The histological diagnosis was benign neurilemmoma in three cases and malignant schwannoma in the fourth. The patients with neurilemmoma are alive and well four to 12 years after surgery, but the patient with malignant schwannoma died from metastatic spread of the tumour four months after surgery. No association with von Recklinghausen's disease was observed. Macroscopic and microscopic features generally lead to a correct diagnosis in benign types, but the histological diagnosis of malignant schwannoma may present some difficulties and requires the establishment of a definite origin in a nervous structure, identification of benign neurofibroma in different areas of the same tumour, and a high density of cells with appreciable pleomorphism, with mitosis and atypia. Benign tumours carry a good prognosis with little tendency to recur, but malignant schwannoma has a high invasive tendency and is associated with a low survival rate. PMID- 6665755 TI - Solitary pulmonary metastases in carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 6665756 TI - Perforation of intrathoracic colon causing acute pneumothorax. PMID- 6665757 TI - A sex difference in the effect of aspirin on "spontaneous" platelet aggregation in whole blood. AB - Platelet aggregation can be measured in whole blood by monitoring the fall in single platelet count in an electronic platelet counter. The aggregation that occurs when whole blood is stirred in a small cuvette ("spontaneous aggregation") or upon the addition of collagen has been studied in citrated whole blood from male and female volunteers. Aspirin 40 micrograms ml/l inhibited aggregation induced by collagen in both sexes but spontaneous aggregation was only affected by aspirin in males. These results may help explain the sex difference apparent in the results of some clinical trials of aspirin as an antithrombotic agent. PMID- 6665758 TI - Cyanide prevents the inhibition of platelet aggregation by nitroprusside, hydroxylamine and azide. AB - Sodium cyanide (CN-) in concentrations of 10 uM or more prevented the inhibition of epinephrine (2.5 uM) and of ADP (4.0 uM) induced primary and secondary aggregation brought about by 10 uM sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Cyanide alone in the same concentration had no effect on platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine or ADP. Even when the addition of CN- was delayed for as long as 9 min after epinephrine and SNP, it immediately reversed the SNP block and initiated a bimodal wave of aggregation. The effect of CN- on SNP inhibition of platelet aggregation appears to be competitive and reversible. Although they are less potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation than SNP, the effects of hydroxylamine (HA) and azide were also prevented by SNP. In our hands, sodium nitrite did not inhibit platelet aggregation consistently. The inhibitory effects of glyceryl trinitrate, papaverine and nitric oxide hemoglobin on platelet aggregation were not prevented by CN-. These interactions probably have no significance in vivo, but they indicate that SNP, HA and azide act on platelets and on vascular smooth muscle by similar or identical biochemical mechanisms. They also suggest that there are at least two sub-classes of so-called nitric oxide vasodilators. The effect of CN- may be mediated through an inhibition of the formation of nitric oxide from SNP, HA and azide. PMID- 6665759 TI - The human plasmin-derived light (B) chain X streptokinase complex: a second generation thrombolytic agent. AB - Specific assay methods for the human plasmin-derived light (B) chain X streptokinase (B X SK) complex, in terms of both streptokinase (SK) and urokinase (UK) International Units, are described. The kinetic properties of various SK activator complexes with plasminogen, Val442-plasmin, and the plasmin-derived light (B) chain were compared to SK in terms of their catalytic efficiencies and Lineweaver-Burk plots. Similar kinetic data, and Lineweaver-Burk plots, are described for both highly purified high-molecular weight UK and low-molecular weight UK, including different clinical UK preparations. The B X SK complex has the highest catalytic efficiency of all the activator species studied. The Lineweaver-Burk plots of each of the various activator species are "fingerprints" of the enzymatic character of the activator. The B X SK complex is more like UK than SK, as an activator, in activating non-human plasminogen species. The biological half-life of the B X SK complex, in a dog model, was determined to be about 4 hr which is longer than the biological half-life(s) of SK in the same animal model, namely 0.6 hr (47%) and 2.8 hr (53%). This new second-generation activator complex may prove to be a useful thrombolytic agent in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. PMID- 6665760 TI - Intra-coronary thrombolysis with streptokinase or lys-plasminogen/urokinase in acute myocardial infarction: effects on recanalization and blood fibrinolysis. AB - Forty-two patients with total occlusion of a coronary vessel were treated with intracoronary fibrinolytic agents. Four therapeutic protocols were compared: group I received streptokinase (SK) as a continuous infusion; group II and III received SK as a bolus at different doses and group IV received lysplasminogen (Pg) plus urokinase (UK); maximal doses were 350,000 IU of SK and 250,000 IU of UK plus 75 microK of Pg. Thrombolysis was assessed by coronary angiography. Coagulation studies were performed prior to, 15 min and 6 hr after the end of the thrombolytic treatment. Recanalization was achieved in 27 of the 31 SK-treated patients (87%) and in 7 of the 11 Pg-UK-treated patients (63.6%). The recanalization frequency was the same in the three SK-treated groups, even though when SK was administered as a bolus, the dose was significantly less than when administered on a continuous infusion. Although systemic fibrinolysis occurred in all 4 groups of patients, this effect was less pronounced in the UK-treated patients than in the three SK-treated groups. This study also shows that recanalization can be achieved with a dose of SK lower than the anti-SK antibody level. Haemorrhagic side effects were minimal in all patients studied. Severe defibrination is usually considered a risk of haemorrhage. These preliminary results suggest that bolus injection of SK or the use of UK plus lys-Pg can reduce the level of defibrination and thus the haemorrhagic risk. PMID- 6665761 TI - Protein C deficiency in two Austrian families. AB - Protein C antigen was determined by Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis in 225 patients with a history of venous thrombosis. Among these patients two females with protein C deficiency were detected. Additional studies in the families of the protein C deficient patients revealed further 7 family members with protein C deficiency. In 8 not anticoagulated patients with protein C deficiency the protein C ranged from 36 to 62% (median: 45%). In one patient on oral anticoagulant treatment protein C antigen concentration was less than 10%, F II and FX were 65 and 50%, respectively. The pattern of inheritance was consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. 5 of the 9 protein C deficient patients had severe thrombotic tendency characterized by recurrent deep venous thrombosis (n = 4), pulmonary embolism (n = 1), probable mesenteric vein thrombosis (n = 1) and superficial thrombophlebitis (n = 2). All protein C deficient patients without thrombosis were less than 17 years old. PMID- 6665762 TI - Non-thrombogenicity of clean glass revealed by native whole blood assay in bead columns. AB - The previously described native whole blood assay for materials in solution or suspension has been adapted to materials in a bead column configuration. These experiments showed that the glass itself accounts for little or none of the high blood-reactivity observed with conventional glass bead columns. Columns composed solely of soft glass that was "cleaned" by heat treatment (500-595 degrees C 18 hr, electric oven) were benign toward flowing native whole blood for all variables measured (platelet count and platelet-free plasma [C14]-serotonin content, platelet factor 3 and factor XII activities, and recalcification time) with the standard contact protocol. In addition, the effluent successfully maintained perfusion of the isolated kidney, a measure of the ability of platelets to support vascular integrity. Prolonged (30 min) normothermic contact with citrated whole blood increased the subsequent reactivity of initially clean glass toward whole blood albeit to a level much less than that of conventional glass bead columns. PMID- 6665763 TI - Protective effect of warfarin in arterial thrombosis: evidence from a vascular prosthesis model in rats. AB - Three different schedules of treatment with warfarin were studied in rats bearing a polyethylene cannula in their abdominal aorta. The time of occlusion of the vascular prosthesis was significantly prolonged when warfarin was started 24 hr previously, at the time of loop insertion or 24 hr later. When the drug treatment was started 24 hr before insertion of the loop, however, a high degree of toxicity was observed. The animals of this group that died of hemorrhage had significantly lower mean thrombotest levels. On the other hand, the correlation between occlusion of the loop and level of anticoagulation was not as simple as one might anticipate; on the one hand, severe anticoagulation did not protect all of the rats from loop occlusion, but, on the other hand, recovery from hypocoagulability was not always immediately followed by occlusion of the loop. In order to better elucidate the mechanism of the antithrombotic effect of warfarin, we also assessed the effect of the drug on platelet-vessel wall interaction by the template bleeding time. A close association existed between warfarin-induced hypocoagulability and prolongation of the bleeding time. These observations may constitute the experimental basis for a better understanding of the antithrombotic effect of warfarin in some arterial diseases and in myocardial infarction. PMID- 6665764 TI - Platelet function, size and yield in whole blood and in platelet-rich plasma prepared using differing centrifugation force and time in domestic and food producing animals. AB - The effects of centrifugation force and time upon platelets function, mean platelet volume and platelet yield were compared with whole blood platelet counts and size in citrated blood samples from the bovine, canine, caprine, equine, feline, ovine and porcine species. The results were similar, for a given species, irregardless of sample volume. Bovine, caprine, feline and ovine platelet yields and mean platelet volumes were maximal when platelet-rich plasma was prepared using longer centrifugation times and lower gravitational forces. Canine, equine and porcine platelet yields and mean platelet volumes were maximal when platelet rich plasma was prepared using shorter centrifugation times and higher gravitational forces. Platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate or arachidonic acid was not effected by the method of platelet-rich plasma preparation in bovine, caprine, feline, ovine or porcine platelets. Equine platelet aggregation was maximal when platelet-rich plasma was prepared using longer centrifugation times and lower gravitational forces. Canine platelet aggregation, particularly arachidonic acid-induced aggregation, was maximal when platelet-rich plasma was prepared using short centrifugation times and higher gravitational forces. It appeared that the effects of centrifugation parameters upon platelet yield depended upon the relative difference between platelet and red blood cell volumes. PMID- 6665766 TI - Dipyridamole inhibits platelet aggregation in whole blood. AB - Dipyridamole possesses antithrombotic properties in the animal and in man but it does not inhibit platelet aggregation in plasma. We evaluated the effect of dipyridamole ex vivo and in vitro on platelet aggregation induced by collagen and adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP) in human whole blood with an impedance aggregometer. Two hundred mg dipyridamole induced a significant inhibition of both ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation in human blood samples taken 2 hr after oral drug intake. Administration of the drug for four days, 400 mg/day, further increased the antiplatelet effect. A significant negative correlation was found between collagen-induced platelet aggregation in whole blood and dipyridamole levels in plasma (p less than 0.001). A statistically significant inhibition of both collagen (p less than 0.0025) and ADP-induced (p less than 0.005) platelet aggregation was also obtained by incubating whole blood in vitro for 2 min at 37 degrees C with dipyridamole (3.9 microM). No such effects were seen in platelet-rich plasma, even after enrichment with leukocytes. Low-dose adenosine enhanced in vitro inhibition in whole blood. Our results demonstrate that dipyridamole impedes platelet aggregation in whole blood by an interaction with red blood cells, probably involving adenosine. PMID- 6665765 TI - Monocrotaline pyrrole-induced pulmonary hypertension in fawn-hooded rats with platelet storage pool deficiency: 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by isolated, perfused lungs. AB - Platelets are believed to be involved in the development of monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP)-induced pulmonary hypertension. To help identify the role of the platelet, the cardiopulmonary toxicity of MCTP was examined in fawn-hooded (FH) rats, a strain with a platelet function defect. Both Sprague-Dawley (SD) and FH rats developed right ventricular hypertrophy and increased lung weights and exhibited decreased biogenic amine removal by isolated, perfused lung preparations after MCTP treatment. The responses of the FH rats were not significantly different from those of the SD rats, suggesting that platelet uptake and release of 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) are not the platelet functions involved in MCTP-induced pulmonary hypertension. The FH rats had an interesting strain-related difference from SD rats; isolated lungs from FH rats removed and metabolized a greater proportion of perfused 5HT than the SD rats. PMID- 6665767 TI - Transcoronary platelet thromboxane A2 formation without platelet trapping in patients with coronary stenosis-effect of sulphinpyrazone treatment. AB - Platelet count, and plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and circulating platelet aggregates (CPA) were determined in the coronary sinus (CS), aortic bulb (AO) and cubital vein (V) in 21 patients with stable angina and in 6 control subjects before and after atrial pacing (AP). TXB2 measurements were repeated before and after AP in 6 of the 21 angina patients after 15 days' sulphinpyrazone treatment. Platelet count and CPA ratio were similar in angina patients and controls at all three sampling sites and were unchanged at AP peak. In the controls, basal TXB2 values in CS, AO and V were not significantly different and were unchanged at AP peak. In the angina patients compared with the controls, basal TXB2 values in the AO, CS and V were not significantly different whereas the CS/AO TBX2 ratio was significantly higher; at AP-induced ischaemia, CS TXB2 was significantly increased and the CS/AO TXB2 ratio was increased. A weak but significant direct correlation was found between CS/AO TXB2 ratio and coronary score. Sulphinpyrazone treatment reduced CS TXB2 levels at rest and after AP, but not the ischaemic threshold at AP. PMID- 6665768 TI - Effects of superoxide dismutase and catalase on disseminated intravascular coagulation in rats. AB - The effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase on endotoxin-induced experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were studied in rats. Experimental DIC was induced by a 4 hr sustained infusion of endotoxin at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The rats were subcutaneously injected with SOD at 0.5, 5.0 or 50.0 mg/kg, or catalase at 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg, followed by the continuously infusion of 100 mg/kg/4hr of endotoxin. A preventive effect against DIC was noted in all the parameters, such as fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products, fibrinogen level, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count and the number of renal glomeruli with fibrin thrombi, in the rats treated with 50.0 mg/kg of SOD or 1.0 mg/kg of catalase. When 50.0 mg/kg of SOD or 1.0 mg/kg of catalase was injected subcutaneously at 1, 2 or 3 hr after the initiation of the endotoxin-infusion, the protective effect against DIC was noted in all the parameters. PMID- 6665769 TI - Evidence that platelet alpha-granules are a major determinant of platelet density: studies in storage pool deficiency. AB - Density-related subpopulations of platelets were obtained by centrifuging platelets obtained from venous blood on a discontinuous gradient of arabinogalactan (Stractan). Four subpopulations were obtained in fractions of the gradient with densities less than or equal to 1.058, 1.065, 1.070, and 1.092 g/ml. The percentage of the total platelet population recovered in these various fractions in 5 patients with congenital storage pool deficiency who are deficient only in dense granules (delta-SPD) was similar to that observed in 8 normal subjects. In contrast, a shift in the density distribution towards a higher percentage of less dense platelets was observed in 3 patients (alpha delta-SPD) who are deficient in both alpha and dense granules. The results of these studies strongly suggest that alpha-granules are a major determinant of platelet density. PMID- 6665771 TI - Cigarette smoking shortens the bleeding time. AB - The cutaneous bleeding time was shortened after smoking high nicotine cigarettes while not after smoking nicotine free cigarettes. The ADP induced primary platelet aggregation was not enhanced. The number of circulating platelet aggregates did not change due to smoking. PMID- 6665770 TI - Effects of ticlopidine and aspirin on endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in rats. PMID- 6665772 TI - Changes of platelet membrane associated Ca2+ during storage and by 37C incubation with fresh plasma. AB - The relationship between platelet aggregability and membrane associated Ca2+ measured by the use of chlortetracycline was studied. When platelet concentrates were stored at room temperature for 3 days, the relative value of platelet membrane-Ca2+ amount increased. But when stored platelets were incubated at 37C with fresh plasma, platelet membrane-Ca2+ decreased, and at the same time, ADP induced aggregability increased. The relative value of membrane-Ca2+ amount and ADP-induced aggregability exhibited reverse correlation. According to these results, it is supposed that one of the factors which cause the decreased platelet aggregability during storage and partial recovery by 37C incubation with fresh plasma, is the change of the distribution of platelet Ca2+. PMID- 6665773 TI - Differential inactivation of human and bovine alpha-thrombins by exosite affinity labeling reagents. PMID- 6665774 TI - Effect of high doses of aspirin and salicylate on bleeding time in rats. PMID- 6665775 TI - Anticoagulant effect of cardiotoxins. PMID- 6665776 TI - [Cancer risks connected to oil processing and oil products]. PMID- 6665777 TI - [Cancer and the environment. Theories and knowledge]. PMID- 6665778 TI - [Risk factors for coronary heart disease among seamen. Health examination data from Wilh. Wilhelmsen Enterprises Ltd]. PMID- 6665779 TI - [Cancer in merchant seamen. A group study]. PMID- 6665780 TI - [Chromosome aberrations in cancer]. PMID- 6665781 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography of the cervical and cerebral vessels]. PMID- 6665782 TI - [Surgical activity and specialist services at Kirkenes hospital. Debate on the future of small hospitals]. PMID- 6665783 TI - [Adverse side-effects of calcium carbonate containing antacids]. PMID- 6665784 TI - A function for plasma membrane reticular systems. AB - The basal surface in transporting epithelia is infolded in a way that encourages the formation of standing gradients. Many insect cells have a similar infolded reticular system (RS) although they are clearly not transporting epithelia. These cells are like one another metabolically in that they sequester lipid from hemolymph lipophorins (lipid transporting proteins). Dietary lipids enter the hemolymph from the midgut RS which may be an adaptation for lipophorin loading. The plasma membrane reticular system of tissues metabolizing lipids (fat body, wax glands, oenocytes, lenticles) may be an adaptation for lipophorin reception and unloading. Cationic ferritin (pI 8.5) shows all RSs are covered by a lamina functioning as a negatively charged sieve. The basal plasma membrane leading to the RS is also negatively charged. The RS is a container with charged entrances that would be expected to affect the composition of the contents. Midgut cells release lipid particles into their RS. The particles are positively charged since in tracer studies they associate with anionic but not cationic ferritin. Lipophorins are anionic. The electrostatic binding of lipid to lipophorin would make it less anionic and more likely to leave the RS when loaded, thus carrying lipid to the hemolymph. Conversely, at the destination RS, loaded lipophorin would penetrate more easily than unloaded. A change in charge with unloading would be expected to alter the equilibrium between entering and leaving lipophorin, causing protein concentration in the RS of lipid receiving tissues as has been observed in the fat body. Reticular systems may thus be reaction vessels for interactions between carrier proteins and their load. PMID- 6665785 TI - Actin-myosin interaction: the role of myosin in determining the actin pattern in self-assembled 'hybrid' contractile units. AB - Self-assembly of actin-myosin filamentous complexes was assayed by polymerizing rabbit G-ADP actin on formed filaments of lobster myosin. The resulting contractile units indicate a 12-member actin orbital rather than the six-member orbital obtained previously using rabbit myosin and actin. Furthermore, the pattern of actin distribution surrounding the myosin filament is similar to that of the lobster tonic muscle sarcomere rather than the trigonal actin position characteristic of vertebrate muscle. The results show that the pattern and mode of actin complexing is determined by the specific myosin and the arrangement of the cross-bridges on the organized filament. PMID- 6665786 TI - [Prognostic factors in acute paraquat poisoning. A retrospective study of cases registered by the Poison Control Center of Paris in 1981]. AB - Twenty years after the publication of the first cases, the intoxication with the herbicide Paraquat still has a low prognosis because of no efficient treatment. But many studies have allowed the definition of prognostic factors. Nearly, BISMUTH and als(2) demonstrated that the following criteria are significant: the oral route, the gastric lesions, the organic renal failure, the plasma-Paraquat concentration. Through a series of cases collected in 1981 at the Poison Control Center of Paris, the following prognostic factors have been studied: route of administration, sex of patient, circumstances of the poisoning, ingested volume, concentration of the solution, existence of an emetic in the commercial solution, gastric content, lesions of the upper digestive tract (mouth, oesophagus, stomach), renal impairment, hepatic failure, blood gasometry, lung function tests, plasma and urine paraquat concentrations. Forty-one cases were collected during this period, with thirty-four concerning acute Paraquat poisonings in humans. We studied twenty-seven of them caused by acute oral poisoning, with accidental circumstances in nine cases (two died) and intentional circumstances in eighteen cases (all died) (other cases concerned two ocular projections, four inhalations and one skin projection). The interest of this new investigation is the particularity of our series. Because of our recruitment (larger geographic distribution of patients, larger diversity of circumstances, of routes of administration, of ingested quantities, of treatments...). This series of cases is quite different from others previously published. This study confirms the validity of prognostic factors defined by BISMUTH and als(2). The factors, which look significant, strictly depend on the ingested quantity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6665787 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome and silicone injection. AB - This report describes a case of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after massive subcutaneous injections of silicone. The patient, a 23 year-old transsexual man, treated with mechanical ventilation, died on the 12th day of hospital, in septic shock and refractory hypoxemia. Autopsy findings revealed empty vacuoles surrounded by macrophages in various organs, especially in lung tissue. Toxicological analysis by emission by high frequency induced plasma showed silicone in the organs with histological lesions. The pathophysiology of this ARDS is considered. PMID- 6665788 TI - [Acute pulmonary edema in carbon monoxide poisoning. Prognostic effect]. AB - 285 patients affected by carbon monoxide poisoning were admitted in our intensive care unit over a period of two years (from july 1980 to july 1982). 18 patients had a pulmonary edema (P.E.). The occurrence of P.E. was more frequent when coma was grade 2, 3 or 4 (p less than 10(-3]. The acute physiologic score (weighting of physiologic measurements) as proposed by Knauss is higher in patients with P.E. (p less than 10(-2]. However death is never due to P.E.; about 54 patients with coma, 5 died; death is related to neurologic aggravation. Neurologic sequelae are not related to the occurrence of P.E. but to a delay in hyperbaric oxygen therapy. These date show that prognosis of carbon monoxide poisoning is related to neurological status and is not influenced by the occurrence of P.E. when correctly treated and when hyperbaric oxygen therapy is early realized. PMID- 6665789 TI - [Acute carbon monoxide poisoning: lung injury or cardiogenic pulmonary edema?]. AB - The authors report 7 cases of acute pulmonary edema in acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Hemodynamic data suggest existence of a myocardial failure as a possible cause of these pulmonary edema and indicate caution for volemic expansion during the treatment of shock in carbon monoxide poisoning. PMID- 6665790 TI - [Drug addiction by inhalation of gasoline vapor. Clinical and toxicological aspects]. AB - Following an epidemic of sniffing petrol fumes and the death of a child, the authors review published findings of this little-known type of toxicomania. They envisage the Clinical and Toxicological problems. Researching and identifying the petrol remain problems. It is possible to detect the traces of petrol directly in the blood by gaz chromatography on a capillary column coupled to flame ionisation detector but it not possible to identify the product with complete certainly. The gas liquid on a packed column detected by Fournier transformed infra-red spectrography can be given to identification with total accuracy. PMID- 6665791 TI - [Reflections on the innocuity of food irradiation for preservation]. PMID- 6665792 TI - Screening for cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells. I. Dependence of growth inhibition on the presence of serum. AB - The growth-inhibitory effects of a variety of potentially toxic compounds on neuroblastoma cells in defined, serum-free medium were compared with those in serum-containing medium. For 13 of 21 compounds tested, concentrations between 2 and 10(5) times higher were required for 50% inhibition of growth in serum containing medium. The ranking of substances for their potency in inhibiting growth was thereby different in the two different culture conditions. The presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the medium had similar effects as serum on the dose-response curves. PMID- 6665794 TI - Analysis of cytogenetic damage in rat lymphocytes following in vivo exposure to nitrobenzene. AB - Male F-344 rats were exposed to target concentrations of 0, 5, 16, or 50 ppm nitrobenzene for 6 h/day, 5 days a week, for 21 days during a 29-day period. Isolated spleen (ISLs) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were cultured in the presence of 2 microM 5-bromodeoxyuridine and scored for sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) and PBLs were also scored for chromosome aberrations. No significant increase in SCE frequency or chromosome aberrations was found in the PBLs, and no significant increase in SCEs was observed in the ISLs at any of the concentrations. Thus, cytogenetic analysis of ISLs and PBLs provide no evidence of a genotoxic potential for nitrobenzene. PMID- 6665793 TI - Screening for cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells. II. Growth inhibition: cell death or impaired cell cycle progression? AB - Time-lapse films were made of neuroblastoma cells in chemically defined, serum free medium in the presence of a variety of potentially toxic compounds. Using a simple method of analysis, based on the transition probability model and the increase in the number of cells per frame with time, growth inhibition in cell cultures could be specifically attributed to cell death or delayed progression through the cell cycle. For 4 of 8 compounds growth inhibition was the result of almost all cells showing an impaired rate of cell cycle progression while for 4 compounds there were equal or greater contributions from cell death and/or detachment. PMID- 6665795 TI - Cytological effects of the insecticide tetrachlorvinphos. AB - The effect of the organophosphorus insecticide tetrachlorvinphos (Gardona) has been studied on the mitosis and meiosis of Vicia faba, using the pure insecticide. An aqueous saturated solution of tetrachlorvinphos affected neither mitosis (after seed-soak and root treatment) nor meiosis (after spraying the plants at the flowering stage). The obtained results may be attributed to the low solubility of tetrachlorvinphos. A saturated solution of tetrachlorvinphos in Tween-60: water mixture (1:99) induced a statistically significant percentage of abnormal cells in root-tip meristems after root treatment for 4 h. Chromosome stickiness, disturbed meta- and anaphases and anaphase bridges were observed. PMID- 6665796 TI - Effect of cadmium on arterial blood pressure and lipid metabolism in rats. AB - A total dose of 8 mg cadmium acetate/kg body weight was administered by repeated i.p. injection to female Wistar rats for 12 weeks. Slight, but significant, increases in blood pressure were recorded. The lipid concentration in serum and other tissues examined was not significantly affected, apart from a decrease in hepatic triglyceride. The blood cadmium (Cd) concentration was increased 10 times and Cd in the aortic wall was 4 times higher in treated rats. Cd affects hepatic lipid metabolism and it is considered that the increase in blood pressure is associated with accumulation of Cd in the arterial walls. PMID- 6665798 TI - Chromium toxicity to a freshwater prawn Macrobrachium lamarrei (H.M. Edwards). AB - Experiments were carried out to determine the short-term toxicity of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) to Macrobrachium lamarrei (M. Edwards) and the effect of acute and sub-acute concentrations on haemolymph glucose level of the animal. The LC50 values for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were 5.44, 3.69, 2.47 and 1.84 mg/l, respectively. Exposure of K2Cr2O7 decreased the haemolymph glucose level up to 24 h but thereafter an increase in haemolymph glucose level was observed that continued up to 72 h. The haemolymph glucose level decreased after 96 h. The effects of K2Cr2O7 in relation to these changes and mortality of organisms were also discussed. PMID- 6665797 TI - The time course of protection from delayed neurotoxicity induced by tri-o-cresyl phosphate and O,O-diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate by phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride in chickens. AB - The time dependence of the ability of phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) to protect adult hens from developing signs of paralysis following the administration of 750 mg/kg tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), p.o., of 1.7 mg/kg O,O-diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP), s.c., was investigated. PMSF was able to protect the hens from organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) when given between 1 and 24 h before the administration of TOCP, or when given 4 h before DFP. However, PMSF was ineffective at preventing paralysis when given 24 h following dosing with TOCP or when given later than 4 h before DFP administration. These results support the notion that PMSF acts at the same site as the organophosphorus esters. PMID- 6665799 TI - Incidence of experimental ochratoxicosis on hepatic disposition of [3H]tetracycline and chloramphenicol in rats. AB - [3H]Tetracycline or chloramphenicol were injected i.v. into anaesthetized controls and 12-day ochratoxin A-administered rats. The biliary excretion and hepatic levels of [3H]tetracycline were decreased whereas bile flow did not vary and plasma bioavailability of radioactivity increased in comparison with control rats. Ochratoxicosis induced also lower biliary excretion of glucuronide conjugated form of chloramphenicol without any change in its plasma or liver concentration. PMID- 6665800 TI - Inhibition of hepatic azo-reductase and aromatic hydroxylase by radiopharmaceuticals containing tin. AB - Mice given single i.v. doses of some radiopharmaceuticals containing stannous chloride as a reducing agent, showed significant inhibition of hepatic azo reductase and aromatic hydroxylase activity at dose levels which contained as little as 0.2 mg/kg of stannous chloride. Cytochrome P-450 content was also reduced significantly. Some of the above radiopharmaceuticals would have to be injected at approx. 10 times the maximum recommended human dose to reach a 0.2 mg/kg dose level of stannous chloride in man, provided other sources of stannous ion were excluded. PMID- 6665802 TI - Changes in hemolymph glucose, hepatopancreas glycogen, total carbohydrates, phosphorylase and amino transferases of sumithion-stressed freshwater rice-field crab (Oziotelphusa senex senex). AB - Adult crabs were exposed to 3 concentrations of sumithion with a control group over a 20-day period. Hemolymph glucose levels were monitored in each group over the course of the experiment. The group demonstrating the most acute and sustained hyperglycemia (2 ppm sumithion) was then analyzed, as also the controls for changes in hepatopancreas glycogen, total carbohydrates, phosphorylase and aminotransferases. Significant (P less than 0.001) depressions in hepatopancreas glycogen and total carbohydrates and elevations of phosphorylase and transaminases were observed in sumithion-stressed crabs when compared with controls. These changes are discussed with respect to gluconeogenesis and possible influences of hyperglycemic hormone, which is released into hemolymph of stressed crab. PMID- 6665801 TI - Effect of sumithion on ovarian growth of a fresh water rice field crab (Oziotelphusa senex senex Fabricius). AB - Sumithion exposure resulted in a decrease in the ovarian growth of the intact female crab, Oziotelphusa senex senex Fabricius apparently by the release of the gonad-inhibiting hormone (GIH). PMID- 6665804 TI - Adriamycin causes hyperlipemia as a consequence of nephrotoxicity. AB - Adriamycin induced hyperlipemia: its features and mechanism(s) in rats were investigated. Massive hyperlipemia occurred 14-21 days after a single dose of adriamycin (7.5 mg/kg i.v.). All lipoprotein fractions were affected. Mild but significant changes in tissues were observed (liver and intestine triglycerides and kidney phospholipids were reduced). Lipid synthesis and secretion was decreased, as shown by the Triton WR1339 test 7 days after treatment, but subsequently returned to normal. Mitochondrial oxidation of long-chain fatty acids was markedly reduced in kidney, and a slight reduction was also observed in heart. Lipoprotein lipase activity was reduced in adipose tissue. These results suggest that adriamycin hyperlipemia is due to reduced lipid storage and utilization. Carnitine did not counteract hyperlipemia and proteinuria after adriamycin. Analogies to hyperlipemia following puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrotoxicity are discussed. PMID- 6665803 TI - Enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism in rat liver and blood after carbon tetrachloride intoxication. AB - Some glutathione-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver cytosol, blood plasma and urine of rats administered carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were investigated. After CCl4 at different doses (0.3, 1.2, 2.5 ml/kg at 24, 12 and 3 or 6 h, respectively) liver glutathione reductase (GR), glyoxalase I (GLY-I) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) significantly decreased, while thioltransferase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) did not change their activity. At the times under investigation the glutathione level significantly increased in the liver and the above-mentioned enzymes in plasma, thus evidencing a liver injury. The GR, GPX and GST assayed in urine within 72 h after CCl4 administration showed a maximum of activity at 35-48 h. PMID- 6665805 TI - Pathological observations on rats dosed with limabean and cowpea hemagglutinins. AB - The toxic effects of cowpea and limabean extracts containing hemagglutinins and pathological changes in organs of weanling and growing rats were investigated. Livers of weanling rats injected with limabean hemagglutinin mean lethal dose (MLD), showed marked congestion of the sinusoids. Livers of growing rats thus inoculated, including those given the lethal and sublethal doses of cowpea hemagglutinin, did not show any marked lesions. There was evidence of marked congestion of the medullary sinusoids in the spleen and of the glomeruli in the kidney of weanling and growing rats inoculated with either the sublethal doses of limabean hemagglutinin or lethal doses of cowpea and limabean hemagglutinins. Slight hemorrhages were observed in the intestinal walls of weanling rats while slight thickening of the alveolar septa took place in the lungs of rats dosed with the lethal and sublethal doses of cowpea hemagglutinin. The testis, brain and heart of weanling and growing rats were unaffected by hemagglutinin treatment. PMID- 6665806 TI - Increased toxicity of oral antibiotics in sodium-deficient rats. AB - The toxicity of an oral antibiotic mixture used to decontaminate the gastrointestinal tract of experimental animals was compared in rats with a normal sodium intake to rats on a sodium-deficient diet. Sodium-depleted rats are quite sensitive to the oral antibiotic mixture. The antibiotic mixture was nephrotoxic, resulting in necrosis of the proximal tubules. Therefore, since the parenteral administration of antibiotics also produced necrosis of the proximal tubules, the mechanism of antibiotic toxicity in sodium-deficient rats is not influenced by the route of antibiotic administration. PMID- 6665807 TI - The nephrotoxic potential of styrene in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Pre-fasted (16 h) Sprague-Dawley male rats were treated i.p. with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg of styrene in corn oil. Renal functions were assessed at 0-24, 24-48 and 48-72 h after the exposure. Urinary creatinine was decreased at 0.8 g/kg of styrene during 0-24 h after the treatment compared to control, whereas such a decrease was noticed in 1.2 g/kg styrene-treated rats when compared to control groups during 0-24 and 0-48 h after the dose. Urine pH and urinary contents of sodium, potassium and chloride were all decreased in a dose-dependent manner at 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg of styrene compared to both control animals during 0 24 h, whereas urinary proteins were not affected significantly. In another experiment, groups of pre-fasted (16 h) rats were treated i.p. with 0, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg of styrene in corn oil and were then fasted for another 24 h to induce more stress prior to collection of blood and urine. Urinary pH and excretions of sodium and potassium were all decreased in styrene-treated rats 24 h after the dose. Urinary proteins were elevated and relative kidney weights were increased in 1.2 g/kg styrene-treated rats only compared to both control and 0.8 g/kg styrene-treated groups. A significant increase in serum creatinine and an increase close to significant in blood urea nitrogen were observed at 1.2 g/kg dose. These results suggest an impairment of renal functional parameters due to acute styrene exposure and further demonstrate a possible dose-dependent nephrotoxic potential of styrene in rats. PMID- 6665809 TI - Absorption and elimination of a branched-chain alkylpolyethoxylate surfactant in rats. AB - Oral doses (100 mg/kg/day) of a 14C-labelled branched-chain alkylpolyethoxylate [( C5H11]2CH14CH2O[CH2CH2O]6H; abbreviated [14C]A12E6) were extensively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of rats. During a multiple dosing regime, a proportion of 14C equivalent to one daily dose was excreted each day. This 14C was excreted in urine and faeces in equal proportions; less than 1% of the dose was expired as 14CO2. Almost all the faecal 14C came from the bile and had undergone enterohepatic circulation. After cutaneous application of [14C]A12E6 to rats (8 mg, 333 micrograms/cm2) under occluded conditions, about 25% of the dose was absorbed, mainly during the first 12 h. After dosing by both routes, the A12E6 was biotransformed to several metabolites that were more polar than the parent compound. Less than 15% of the dose was excreted unchanged. PMID- 6665808 TI - Toxicity of Senecio jacobaea and pyrrolizidine alkaloids in various laboratory animals and avian species. AB - The chronic toxicity of tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) to several herbivorous laboratory animals and to chicks and turkey poults was examined by feeding the dried plant as a component of a mixed diet. Gerbils, hamsters and guinea pigs were resistant to chronic toxicity. Gerbils were highly resistant, consuming over 3500% of their body weight of the dried plant, whereas susceptible species succumb to a tansy ragwort intake of 5-20% of their body weight. Guinea pigs and gerbils were resistant to acute toxicity of injected monocrotaline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA). They were moderately resistant to acute toxicity of injected tansy ragwort alkaloids. Both chicks and turkey poults were susceptible to chronic toxicity of dietary tansy ragwort. PMID- 6665810 TI - [Fixation of patients during irradiation of the neurocranium and visceral cranium]. AB - Only few patients are able to exactly maintain during the irradiation a given position of the head without fixation. However, every movement of the head leads to a dose decrease up to 50% within the target volume. Today, fixation and reproducible field adjustment are the conditions of curative radiotherapy. The Wurzburg model is presented. PMID- 6665811 TI - The role of radiation treatment in craniopharyngioma. AB - The long natural course of craniopharyngioma and short-term follow-up period in many reports make comparison of various treatment results difficult. Some patients may enjoy virtually symptom-free lives despite known recurrence. Some patients with recurrence may have a good response to retreatment. Such unpredictable behavior and treatment responses have led to considerable disparity in clinical reports concerning the best treatment method. Treatments using surgery alone and/or low dose postoperative radiation treatment could prolong survival time, but may not prevent recurrence leading to ultimate failure. High dose postoperative radiotherapy following radical surgery should be an ideal approach in dealing with this tumor. PMID- 6665812 TI - [Skeletal scintigraphy in the care of breast cancer . Long-term follow-up over 8 years]. AB - In a retrospective study 1704 whole-body bone scans of 807 female and 7 male patients with breast cancer performed from 1974 to 1981 were reevaluated considering the incidence of bone metastases in staging and follow-up, the response of metastatic uptake to treatment as well as sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic procedure. The yield of positive bone scans in staging was 23.7% at all and depended on T stage with a comparably high incidence of 8.8% in stage T1 and T2. Subsequently within 6 years follow-up further 26% were developing bone metastases. The long time response of known metastases to treatment was ambient, 65% of the scans found without some essential change. The incidence of bone metastases combined with a calculated sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 91% is justifying the use of bone scans in every stage and every phase of assessing breast cancer. PMID- 6665813 TI - [Changes in serum protein patterns in cancer patients during radiotherapy]. AB - The serum protein spectrum of a PAGE separation shows characteristic and permanent modifications in patients of premenopausal age submitted to a curative or postoperative irradiation by high dose rate afterloading method or percutaneous telecobalt therapy for carcinoma of the cervix. In older patients, the serum protein spectrum remains nearly unchanged during and after radiotherapy. PMID- 6665814 TI - [Revision of the radium isodose atlas of Gottingen with a new calculation method]. AB - The Radium Isodose Atlas of Gottingen was recalculated after having established a new computer program for the determination of dose distributions around intracavitary radium inserts. The program takes into consideration the complicated structure of the radium applicators type Buchler. The exactness of the program was checked by computing known radium sources and by detailed measures. The calculated dose values were reduced by 30% on an average with respect to the original measurements. This difference is explained mainly by the dependence on energy of the Cds dosimeter used at that time (1959). The clinically evaluated dose has not been changed (identical milligram element hours), however, a comparison of radium doses with other hospitals and with an additional percutaneous irradiation has become possible by the recalculation. Point A has been redefined according to international practice. PMID- 6665815 TI - Localization of radioactive sources by radiotherapy simulator and application to gynaecology. AB - During a short-lasting high radioactivity gynaecological treatment the position of the sources does not change significantly. A fast and accurate technique was developed allowing for the determination of source positions. It is based on the use of a radiotherapy simulator. The simulator was declined by 20 degrees to the right, and the X-ray projection of the sources was copied with blue colour on a PVC foil firmly attached to the intensifier display. This was repeated with the simulator declined by 20 degrees to the left and with red. From the paralax shift the three dimensional position of sources was evaluated, and dose distribution was then calculated using a computer program. PMID- 6665816 TI - [Somatic radiation risk in roentgen-diagnosis]. AB - The authors give a survey of the somatic radiation risk in X-ray diagnostics. A somatic dose index is calculated for different examination methods containing the organ doses to the red bone marrow, the lung, the female breast, and the thyroid gland and evaluating their somatic significance. If this somatic dose index by which the individual radiation risk is described, is multiplied by the examination frequencies per year in the German Federal Republic, one gets the somatically significant dose index, which is a measure of the collective somatic radiation risk. In this sense, mammography has the highest, and dental radiography the lowest collective radiation risk. PMID- 6665817 TI - A rapid and sensitive radioimmunoassay for norethisterone. AB - A direct radioimmunoassay for the measurement of norethisterone (NET) in unextracted serum samples was developed. The combined use of a highly specific unpurified antiserum and heat treatment of diluted serum samples obviated both extraction and chromatographic procedures. The direct NET assay fulfilled all the quality control parameters. When this assay was compared with other methods involving either solvent extraction and/or chromatographic purification procedures, no significant differences were observed. The overall results were interpreted as demonstrating that this simple, rapid and reliable NET assay can be used as a helpful tool in metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies of this contraceptive progestogen. PMID- 6665818 TI - Portacaval shunt and measurement of canine bile acid enterohepatic circulation: effects of cholecystectomy. AB - Studies were made of the usefulness of serial serum bile acid determinations in dogs with end-to-side portacaval shunt for determining relative rates of bile acid enterohepatic circulation (EHC). Studies in intact and cholecystectomized dogs with shunt showed that bile acid EHC in fasting cholecystectomized animals was about three times faster than in intacts. As expected, feeding greatly increased EHC in intacts, but caused smaller but definite increases in cholecystectomized animals. Cholecystokinin (Kinevac) administration caused transient increases in intact dog bile acid EHC, but had no effect in cholecystectomized animals. These results confirm most previous studies and demonstrate that the method is sensitive and useful for comparing rates of bile acid enterohepatic circulation under different circumstances. PMID- 6665819 TI - Rapid photometric determination of free and esterified 3 alpha-hydroxy fecal bile acids. AB - A rapid, precise, and accurate photometric method for determining free and esterified fecal 3 alpha-hydroxy bile acids is described. Feces are homogenized and (a) extracted with boiling absolute ethanol, or (b) lyophilized and extracted with chloroform:methanol 2:1 (v/v). Hydrolyzed and nonhydrolyzed crude extracts are prepared and aliquots treated with a reagent containing nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (beta-NAD) and diaphorase. The reagent first oxidizes bile acid 3 alpha-hydroxyls to 3-oxo groups and 3 beta-hydrogen is transferred to beta NAD yielding beta-NADH. beta-NADH in turn reduces NBT (yellow) to its diformazan (blue). Absorbance is measured at 540 nm and is proportional to the 3 alpha hydroxy bile acid titer of fecal extract aliquots. Fecal pigments present in crude extracts do not interfere with the assay since they absorb minimally at 540 nm. PMID- 6665820 TI - Synthesis of C-2 and C-4 deuterium-labeled estradiol-17 beta. AB - Estradiol-17 beta labeled with deuterium in the positions 2 or 4 can be prepared from 2-chloromercurio-1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,17 beta-diol 3-methyl ether 17 acetate or 4-chloromercurio-1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,17 beta-diol, respectively, in refluxing CH3COO(2)H/(2)H2O. The same reaction performed on 4-acetoxymercurio 1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,17 beta-diol afforded 2,4-dideuterio-estradiol-17 beta in good yields. PMID- 6665821 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of the aromatase inhibitor, 4 hydroxyandrostenedione. AB - [1 beta-3H], [1 alpha,2 alpha-3H] and [1 beta,2 beta-3H] 4-Hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OH-A) were synthesized to study the mechanism of inhibition of aromatase by 4 OH-A. Incubations of [1 beta-3H] and [1 beta,2 beta-3H] 4-OH-A with placental microsomes in the presence of NADPH showed very little loss of tritium, with aromatization of 4-OH-A ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 percent. No loss of tritium was observed in the absence of NADPH. The extent of covalent binding of 4-OH-A to microsomal proteins was higher with incubations in the absence of NADPH than with those in the presence of NADPH. These results are discussed in light of what has been proposed for the mechanism of androgen aromatization. PMID- 6665823 TI - China's population policy: theory and methods. PMID- 6665822 TI - Structure-activity relationships of estrogens. Effects of 14-dehydrogenation and axial methyl groups at C-7, C-9 and C-11. AB - Thirty compounds were evaluated in the rat for uterotropic effects, inhibition of gonadotropin release, and competitive displacement of (3H) estradiol-17 beta from uterine cytosolic preparations. 7 alpha-Methylestradiol-17 beta was 150% as active as estradiol-17 beta as an uterotropic agent. Estradiol-17 beta was the most active inhibitor of gonadotropin release. 11 beta-Methylestradiol-17 beta had 124% of the activity of estradiol-17 beta in displacing (3H) estradiol-17 beta from the "estrogen receptor." The 9 alpha-methyl group considerably decreased the potency of estrogens in any of the three assays. The 14-dehydro modification was advantageous only in the estradiol-17 beta 3-methyl ether series. Uterotropic activities and inhibition of gonadotropin release did not parallel. The best compound for inhibiting gonadotropin release, as compared to uterotropic activity, was estrone. The "estrogen receptor" assay data correlated fairly well with uterotropic assay data, but only for compounds having free 3 hydroxyl groups; even so, some exceptions were noted. PMID- 6665824 TI - Contraceptive availability and use in five developing countries. PMID- 6665825 TI - Menstrual regulation versus contraception in Bangladesh: characteristics of the acceptors. PMID- 6665826 TI - The distribution of the microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in the different body regions in relation to the attacking behaviour of Simulium damnosum s.l. in the Sudan savanna of northern Cameroon. AB - Densities of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in four volunteers with low to moderate infections were estimated at five body sites by paired skin snips. The landing of Simulium damnosum s.1. females on the body of these volunteers was recorded during 12 hours for six days. Most flies fed at the ankles (53% and 51%) and calves (28% and 27% respectively) in both the standing and sitting positions. The density of microfilariae in the skin was highest in the pelvic region (24.1 mf/mg) and relatively low in the calf (14.8 mf/mg) and ankle (1.0 mf/mg) regions. From the biting rate (females/body part) and the microfilarial density (mf/mg) a transmission index was calculated for the different body regions. This was highest for the calves showing that this part of the leg, if unclothed, accounts for the highest rate of contact (50 to 60% of total) between vector and parasite. PMID- 6665827 TI - On the identity of the parasite causing diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Dominican Republic. AB - Three isolates from disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) patients from an unusual focus in the Dominican Republic were studied and typed according to their behaviour in culture and experimental animals, their malate dehydrogenase (MDH) electrophoretic variant type, and excretory factor (EF) serotype. They were compared with parasites known to cause DCL in other parts of the world. On the basis of these characteristics, this parasite appears to be different from Leishmania aethiopica which causes DCL in the Old World and from both L. mexicana pifanoi and L. m. amazonensis, which are associated with DCL in the New World. However, it appeared to have some relationship to the L. mexicana-complex. PMID- 6665829 TI - A case of chromomycosis treated with thiabendazole. PMID- 6665828 TI - Serological and parasitological survey of blood donors in Kenya for toxoplasmosis. AB - 322 samples of sera from blood donors in four areas of Kenya were screened for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by haemagglutination and 54% proved positive. 299 of these were also tested by dye test and 42% were positive, with 5.9% showing high titres indicating possible active infection. Parasitological examination of the buffy coat from donors was also carried out on 100 samples but no Toxoplasma parasites were seen in spite of high antibody incidence. There appears to be little or no clinical toxoplasmosis in Kenya but serological studies indicate a widespread distribution of the parasite in the human population. PMID- 6665830 TI - Leishmaniasis in Brazil: XX. Prevalence of "enzootic rodent leishmaniasis" (Leishmania mexicana amazonensis), and apparent absence of "pian bois" (Le. braziliensis guyanensis), in plantations of introduced tree species and in other non-climax forests in eastern Amazonia. AB - In Amazonian Brazil most human leishmaniasis is due to Leishmania braziliensis s.l. and is acquired during the clearing of primary climax forest. One of the largest deforestation projects has taken place on the JARI property where plantations of exotic tree species are grown for paper pulp. The ability of the regional leishmaniasis enzootics to invade plantations was investigated. CDC light-trap catches indicated the phletobomine vectors of Le. b. guyanensis (causing "pian bois" in man) to be very scarce in JARI plantations compared to native-forest controls. It is concluded (drawing on other observations) that the vectors of "pian bois" are unlikely to thrive in any secondary forest. In contrast, catches from mammal traps and rodent-baited (Disney) traps demonstrated the presence in JARI plantations of infected Proechimys guyannensis and large populations of Lutzomyia flaviscutellata, respectively the major rodent reservoir and sandfly vector of Le. mexicana amazonensis. Alone amongst the local vectors of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, Lu. flaviscutellata is adapted to non-climax forests (primary or secondary, natural or man-made; synopsis given). It is predicted that the public health importance of Le. m. amazonensis is unlikely to diminish following the development of Amazonia. This is worrying because ca. 30% of Le. m. amazonensis infections in man cause highly-disfiguring, incurable "diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis". PMID- 6665831 TI - Haematological values in Northern Nigerian neonates. AB - Haematological values were determined in 100 full-term Northern Nigerian neonates. The mean values obtained were: haemoglobin 14 g/dl, haematocrit 0.42 1/1, reticulocyte 4.4%, platelet 173 X 10(9)/1, and leucocyte 9.253 X 10(9)/1. The haemoglobin and haematocrit showed a skewed distribution towards low values. PMID- 6665832 TI - A trial of ascorbic acid and of multivitamin supplementation on the oral health of West African children. AB - 204 children between the ages of 1.5 and 6.5 years living in a West African village where the incidence of gingivitis and bleeding gums is about 40% of the population at the end of the rainy season, were given vitamin C or a placebo for 69 days, followed by a multivitamin supplement or placebo for 47 days. The condition of their gums was continuously monitored by trained field workers and by a paediatrician during the supplementation period, and was also assessed in greater detail by the paediatrician at the beginning and end of each treatment period. No benefit of either type of supplement could be detected, either on incidence of bleeding, or on over-all severity of gingivitis, although there was a clear-cut seasonal trend towards lower incidence of bleeding in both groups as the study progressed. PMID- 6665833 TI - Studies on plague in the eastern Cape Province of South Africa. AB - Investigations were carried out in the area of a human plague outbreak in March 1982 at Coega in the eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Trapping revealed that rodent populations were high owing primarily to a population increase of the four-striped mouse, Rhabdomys pumilio. Flea populations were low and had been declining in the eastern Cape Province since October 1981. The results of a serological survey from March to October 1982 showed haemagglutinating antibody to Yersinia pestis in 0.35% of 5938 dog sera and 0.53% of 1132 small mammal sera. Plague antibody was detected in two small mammal species, R. pumilio and the vlei rat, Otomys irroratus. There was thus evidence that a small, limited rodent epizootic preceded the human plague cases and it appears that at least one human case was contracted from an infected domestic cat. The extent of the enzootic area was confined to a coastal belt north of Port Elizabeth and showed a close correlation with river courses. It was concluded that the Port Elizabeth Uitenhage focus was in an inter-epidemic phase and that the human plague outbreak was an isolated incident. PMID- 6665834 TI - Lack of resistance to Schistosoma japonicum in mice immunized with irradiated S. mansoni cercariae. AB - Mice immunized with irradiated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae were resistant to challenge with S. mansoni cercariae (mean resistance 53%) but not to challenge with S. japonicum cercariae (mean resistance -5%). Furthermore, the antibodies induced by vaccination with irradiated S. mansoni cercariae were more reactive with S. mansoni than with S. japonicum schistosomula. These results support the concept that the resistance induced by vaccination with irradiated cercariae is immunologically specific. PMID- 6665835 TI - Successful cryopreservation of Brugia pahangi third-stage larvae in liquid nitrogen. AB - Experiments are described which lead to the retention of infectivity of Brugia pahangi third-stage larvae after cooling to -196 degrees C. Methanol, a well documented cryoprotectant was used at a concentration of 20% (v/v). The schedule consisted of a 5 degrees C min-1 cool to an intermediate temperature of -21 degrees C and a subsequent rapid cool into liquid nitrogen. A rapid thaw of the parasites led to approximately 34% of motile cryopreserved larvae developing in multimammate rats (Mastomys natalensis) compared to unfrozen control larvae. Cooling rate and intermediate temperature were both found to be crucial variables affecting survival levels of the larvae. PMID- 6665836 TI - Brucellosis in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A microbiological and clinical study. AB - During a period of two years, 30 cases of brucellosis were positively diagnosed from a total of 209 patients who reported with prolonged fever for investigation. Diagnosis was made both by blood culture and serological tests. The latter included slide and tube agglutination in all cases and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 16. 11 cases (36.7%) gave negative results by the slide-agglutination screening test used at the recommended single serum dilution of 1:80. This was due to the prozone phenomenon as they gave positive results upon further dilution in the tube agglutination test. 13 of the 16 tested by ELISA were positive for both IgM and IgG and three were positive for IgG only. Of the six cases that were positive by culture, five grew Brucella melitensis and one B. abortus. PMID- 6665837 TI - Treatment of non-invasive amoebiasis. A comparison between tinidazole alone and in combination with diloxanide furoate. AB - Tinidazole (40 mg/kg body-weight in one daily dose for five days) and tinidazole (same dose) plus diloxanide furoate (20 mg/kg body-weight divided into three daily doses for 10 days) were compared as treatments for amoebiasis. The parasitic cure rates were 44 and 91% respectively. We cannot, therefore, recommend tinidazole alone in this dosage as a treatment for non-invasive amoebiasis. PMID- 6665838 TI - Human visceral leishmaniasis in Bolivia: first proven autochthonous case from 'Los Yungas'. PMID- 6665839 TI - Seasonality of classical and El Tor cholera in Dhaka, Bangladesh: 17-year trends. AB - Data on the cholera patients admitted monthly to the ICDDR, B, hospital in Dhaka (Bangladesh) from 1964 through 1980 have been studied and analysed. Although Vibrio cholerae variant El Tor did not enter Bangladesh until 1963, it has completely displaced classical cholera since 1973. There have also been changes in seasonality, which are discussed. PMID- 6665840 TI - Variations in the prevalence and intensity of microfilarial infections by age, sex, place and time in the area of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme. AB - Epidemiological data gathered by the Onchocerciasis Control Programme from 66 villages in West Africa have been analysed. All of these villages were surveyed twice and 10 a third time. The first surveys were conducted around the time when control activities started and provide baseline data against which to assess the effectiveness of control. The second and third surveys were conducted two to five years later. 18,778 persons were registered in the first surveys and 15,783 (84.1%) were examined for microfilariae. The prevalence of microfilarial infection was higher among males, increased rapidly with age in both sexes until about 25 years and levelled off at about 90% in males and 85% in females. The age sex adjusted prevalence rates in different villages varied from 5% to 93% but were above 60% in three quarters of the villages. After two to five years of control there was an over-all fall in the prevalence of infection of about 4 to 5% a year. Among children born since control started, only seven of 1871 examined were found to be infected with microfilariae compared to an expected number of 79, had there been no change in prevalence rates. PMID- 6665841 TI - Relationships between mortality, visual acuity and microfilarial load in the area of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme. AB - The relationships between onchocercal infection, visual acuity and mortality have been examined using epidemiological data gathered by the Onchocerciasis Control Programme from 66 villages in West Africa. All of these villages were surveyed at least twice. 18,778 persons were registered at the first surveys which were conducted around the time when control activities started. The second surveys were conducted two to five years later. 14,961 persons (79.7%) were alive and registered again, 786 (4.2%) had died, 2776 (14.8%) had moved and 255 (1.4%) could not be traced. The prevalence of blindness and of visual damage other than blindness both increased markedly with age, and the degree of visual damage was strongly associated with level of microfilarial infection. Among adults, the prevalence of blindness was higher for males than for females at all ages. The prevalence and intensity of microfilarial infection were also higher among males but this was not sufficient to explain their excess blindness. Logistic regression analysis showed that males were 1.5 times more likely to be blind than females of the same age and same level of microfilarial infection. The presence of visual damage at the first survey considerably increased the risk of mortality between the first and second surveys for both males and females. Mortality rates were three to four times higher among the blind and about 1.5 times higher among those with visual damage other than blindness compared with those with no visual damage. There was some evidence, for males but not for females, that mortality was also directly related to microfilarial load.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6665842 TI - Cadmium status in Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) PMID- 6665843 TI - A search for Leishmania in vertebrates from kala-azar-affected areas of Bihar, India. PMID- 6665845 TI - Duffy blood group distribution in Malawi. PMID- 6665844 TI - Laboratory colonization of Phlebotomus perfiliewi (Parrot) PMID- 6665846 TI - Isolation and identification of pathogenic Naegleria australiensis (De Jonckheere, 1981) from pond water in India. PMID- 6665847 TI - Record of Phlebotomus (Larroussius) pedifer and Phlebotomus (Larroussius) elgonensis inside the same caves. PMID- 6665848 TI - Malaria and splenomegaly. PMID- 6665850 TI - Tropical pericarditis. PMID- 6665851 TI - "Leopard skin" and onchocerciasis. PMID- 6665849 TI - Visceral leishmaniasis in Egypt. PMID- 6665852 TI - Regional variations in serum immunoglobulin levels in South East Asia. PMID- 6665853 TI - A liquid modification of Difco Blood Agar medium for cultivation of Leishmania. PMID- 6665854 TI - A simple method for the collection of material from cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis lesions. PMID- 6665855 TI - Anopheles labranchiae in Sicily: decrease of susceptibility to insecticides. PMID- 6665856 TI - Serological study for Campylobacter in children in Madrid. PMID- 6665857 TI - The First International Congress on Cyclosporine. May 16-19, 1983, Houston, Texas. PMID- 6665858 TI - Cyclosporine. Cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6665859 TI - Cyclosporine. Pharmacokinetics. PMID- 6665860 TI - Cyclosporine toxicity. PMID- 6665861 TI - Cyclosporine conversion and use as adjunctive therapy. PMID- 6665862 TI - Cyclosporine. Effects in autoimmunity, viral and fungal infections. PMID- 6665863 TI - Cyclosporine. Effects on wound healing, composite grafts, skin, cornea, and vein allografts. PMID- 6665864 TI - Cyclosporine: nursing and paraprofessional aspects. PMID- 6665865 TI - The effect of Trypanosoma brucei infection on local and systemic antibody responses of rats to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. AB - Adult Hooded Lister rats were given 5000 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis larvae on day 3 or 7 after infection with Trypanosoma brucei and a second dose of 5000 nematode larvae 28 days later. A similar number of rats was infected only with N. brasiliensis larvae. Comparison of antibody levels in serum and the respiratory and alimentary tracts showed that T. brucei infection influenced both systemic and local antibody responses of rats to N. brasiliensis antigens. After primary infection systemic antibody responses were mainly impaired, the level of suppression depending upon the interval between trypanosome and nematode infections. Anamnestic responses were diminished in both antibody systems. The number of worms reaching the small intestine of T. brucei parasitised rats after primary infection was twice- and after reinfection three-times higher than in rats subjected to nematode infections alone. However, adult nematode expulsion was not delayed. The results suggest that N. brasiliensis infection causes a multiantigenic stimulation of both systemic and local humoral responses of the host. Furthermore, they indicate that depression of systemic antibody responses may enhance worm establishment. PMID- 6665866 TI - [Behavior of a Trypanosoma brucei strain (STIB 348C) in mice. 3. Histopathological findings in the terminal stage of infection]. AB - Histopathological findings in the terminal stage of the infection of mice and rats with different variants of the Trypanosoma brucei brucei stock are described. Mice infected with mild variants showed after 12-149 days intense trypanosome colonization of the interstitial connective tissue, especially of the heart muscle, pancreas and choroid plexus, with severe tissue destructions, especially in the pancreas. With longer duration of the infection, round cell infiltrations of the leptomeninx and around intracerebral vessels developed. The alterations were the same in animals dying with high and low parasitemias. Some animals died with continuous bleeding from the tip of the tail, with serious effusions and massive edema or with generalized bacterial infection. The lymphatic organs showed intense reactive alterations, trypanosomes were only rarely found in lymph nodes. In the liver large fields of lymphatic and myeloid cells were seen, sometimes necroses developed. The kidneys showed marked deposition of eosinophilic material in the glomeruli and precipitation of proteinaceous material in dilated tubules. - Rats infected with mild trypanosomes exhibited intense colonization of the heart by trypanosomes, in some places many trypanosomes in lymph nodes, few trypanosomes in the pancreas. They died after a long phase of high parasitemia.--After infection with virulent parasites which killed the animals with high parasitemia in a few days, mice and rats had single small foci of trypanosome colonization of the interstitial connective tissue of heart, pancreas and choroid plexus as well as of the loose connective tissue in the hilum of the kidney and around lymph nodes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6665867 TI - A selective liquid medium for primary isolation of South American Leishmanias. AB - A selective liquid medium for direct isolation of Leishmania spp. from mucocutaneous lesions is described. Minimal inhibitory concentrations and synergy studies were performed and used to select 5-fluorocytosine as an antimycotic agent which inhibits contaminating fungi without an adverse effect on the parasite thus permitting its isolation from contaminated lesions. Penicillin Streptomycin were included as antibacterial agents. Isolations have been obtained from biopsy material in an average of 5.6 days from 11 of 15 patients with mucous lesions. PMID- 6665869 TI - Experimental chemotherapy of Taenia saginata cysticercosis - a field trial. AB - The resistance to reinfection of calves following chemotherapy of T. saginata cysticercosis with praziquantel was investigated in a field situation in East Africa. Thirty animals from the treated group were compared with thirty animals from the untreated group after 15 months following chemotherapy. Slicing revealed that 100% in the untreated group were infected, compared with 43.5% of the animals in the treated group. 52% of the untreated group had viable cysts in contrast to only one animal (4.3%) in the treated group. Serological investigations were also conducted on sera obtained before and after chemotherapy. Successful chemotherapy resulted in temporarily increased titres in the treated group as compared to the untreated group. PMID- 6665868 TI - Comparative efficacy of some benzimidazoles and amoscanate (Go.9333) against experimental filarial infections. AB - The comparative efficacy of mebendazole, fenbendazole, oxibendazole, oxfendazole, albendazole, flubendazole and micronized amoscanate (particle size 5-8 micron) against Litomosoides carinii and Brugia pahangi infections in Mastomys natalensis was studied on administration of the compounds per os (150 mg/kg/day for 5 days) and subcutaneous (100 mg/kg/day for 5 days) routes. It was found that benzimidazoles when given by the oral route had no effect on adults of L. carinii and B. pahangi. With most of these compounds there was a rise in microfilariae before registering a fall to varying degrees in the peripheral circulation. There was a gradual but effective reduction of microfilariae of L. carinii in animals treated orally with mebendazole (99%), flubendazole (95%) and oxfendazole (85%). No such effect was seen against B. pahangi microfilariae. On subcutaneous administration, all the benzimidazoles with the exception of fenbendazole exhibited marked macrofilaricidal activity against L. carinii. Such activity was not seen with oxibendazole, oxfendazole and fenbendazole against adults of B. pahangi. Amoscanate exhibited superiority over the benzimidazoles in that the compound eliminated microfilariae and adult worms of both L. carinii and B. pahangi species when given by oral and subcutaneous routes. PMID- 6665870 TI - [Structural identity of the multinuclear chondro- and osteoclasts in developing bone]. AB - Distributional peculiarities and the ultrastructure of multinuclear elastic cells have been studied in the developed thighbone of rat and rabbit fetuses and new borns. Multinuclear chondro- and osteoclasts exhibit no noticeable structural specificity with respect to the resorption substrate and are considered to be one and the same type of clastic cells whose main function is to resorb the mineralized tissue. PMID- 6665871 TI - [Prevention of the genetic consequences of using pesticides: the reality and the necessity]. AB - The system of genetic and hygienic evaluation of pesticide preparations requires improvements as there are many mutagens among widespread chemical means of plant protection. A successful solution of the problem of the environment protection from genetic consequences of pesticide application is possible if the hygienic regulation of the pesticide application will be based not only on the results of its experimental check, but also on the ecological and genetic studies. The latter are to include identification of the environmental mutagenic background and the level of mutagenic and genotypic variability in populations. PMID- 6665873 TI - Anionic glycoproteins and their hexosamine content in neoplastic patients: relationships with the clinical stage and the course of the disease. AB - In 40 healthy subjects, in 47 non-cancer patients, and in 142 cancer patients, perchloric acid soluble glycoproteins (PASG) and hexosamines were determined to investigate their tumor specificity and correlation with the tumor mass. Cancer patients were divided into three subgroups: CI, no evidence of cancer (after radical surgery); CII, locoregional disease; CIII, widespread metastatic disease. There was no statistically significant difference in PASG among normals, non cancer and CI patients; hexosamines in non-cancer and in CI patients were higher (P less than 0.002) than in normals; both PASG and hexosamines were significantly higher in CII and CIII patients than in normals (P less than 0.001). In the CI group, 62% of patients who relapsed within 10 months after surgery had high hexosamine values, whereas 69% of patients who did not relapse showed normal levels (P less than 0.05). PASG and hexosamines significantly increased with cancer progression and decreased when objective response to treatment was achieved. They are not tumor specific, but seem to be related to the tumor burden; hexosamines seem to have some prognostic value. PMID- 6665872 TI - [Effect of proteolytic enzyme inhibitors on lung cell population function in normal mice and in the development of tourniquet shock]. AB - Cell populations of mice lungs have been studied for variations in the lavage and lumen of the alveoli. The development of the tourniquet shock induces a decrease in the number of macrophages and lymphocyte and an increase in the number of neutrophils, erythrocytes and epithelium cells. Application of the proteolysis enzyme inhibitors is found to stabilize the bronchoalveolar barrier and to prevent these changes. PMID- 6665874 TI - Biological appraisal of liver status in adenocarcinomas. AB - A prospective study of the ability of laboratory tests to detect or to exclude hepatic metastases was performed. Seventy-four patients who underwent liver biopsies were divided into 3 groups: 1) 33 patients with secondary liver involvement from adenocarcinoma; 2) 21 subjects suffering from a non-malignant hepatic disease, and 3) 20 cancerous patients free of overt hepatic metastases. They were investigated with 7 laboratory tests. No single test had a positive predictive value higher than 75%. This percentage was increased to 84% by combining the results of both CEA and rapidly migrating liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme ALP 1. More important was the fact that when those parameters were both normal, the negative predictive value was 93%, thus tending to exclude a liver metastatic involvement with an acceptable confidence limit. PMID- 6665875 TI - Prognostic role of estrogen receptor determination in breast cancer. AB - The authors report on 283 primary, non-metastatic, breast cancer cases consecutively referred after surgery and followed-up from a minimum of 10 months to a maximum of 3.5 years. All cases were studied according to the presence of estrogen receptors (ER). ER presence was correlated with age and menstrual status, with ER+ cases more frequent in older patients. No correlation was found between ER and nodal status. Prognosis was evaluated in terms of disease-free survival at 2 years (actuarial method). No correlation between ER and survival was evident for N- cases, whereas a better prognosis was recorded for ER+N+ patients compared to ER-N+, although the difference was not statistically significant. The observed results are compared with recent literature data and agree with other recent reports, which did not confirm the previously undiscussed statement regarding the prognostic role of ER determination. According to these studies and to the present study, the prognostic role of ER determination seems at least questionable and particularly the postoperative adjuvant treatment of ER N- cases should be reconsidered. PMID- 6665877 TI - The value of ductogalactography in the diagnosis of intraductal papilloma. AB - A series of 291 ductogalactograms was reviewed to detect radiologic signs pathognomonic of single or multiple papillomas. These lesions were found in 24% of the patients. Ductogalactography is the only method that can reach a diagnosis in many patients with nipple discharge. It has a good reliability (76%); we had no false-positives or false-negatives as regards malignant lesions in our series. PMID- 6665876 TI - Reasons for failure of physical examination in breast cancer detection (analysis of 232 false-negative cases). AB - The diagnostic role of physical examination (PE) is evaluated in 1450 cases of breast cancer detected in 34,677 women controlled at the Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica in the period 1974-1981. In 47 cancer cases, PE findings were normal since the neoplasm was not clinically palpable because of its size and site, and in another 185 cases the clinical diagnosis was benignancy without evidence of suspect signs. Therefore, the overall sensitivity of PE was 84%. PE errors did not involve a therapeutic delay for the patient in 75% of cases in which a biopsy was recommended for clinical benignancy or for suspicion on the basis of other diagnostic methods. The present study confirms that PE has a good diagnostic sensitivity when the examined population is represented by self referred women, who for the most part are symptomatic, whereas it cannot be considered as the only diagnostic test for early diagnosis in mass screening, since in asymptomatic women a large number of cancers are not clinically palpable. Moreover, PE shows lower sensitivity for small lesions and in younger women. Extensive use of fine needle aspiration cytology and other diagnostic methods in association with PE is therefore recommended to reduce the possibility of errors. PMID- 6665878 TI - Lung cancer care in general hospitals. AB - Diagnostic procedure, therapeutic care and degree of follow-up delivered to 1692 lung cancer patients over 2 years (1978-79) in 31 Italian hospitals were reviewed. The data show marked deficiencies in the various indicators analysed: staging by standard methods was recorded only in 13% of patients; reliable histocytologic classification in 54% of patients. A group of commonly accepted protocols was adopted as first-line therapy only in 49% of treated cases; 19% of patients were regularly followed according to standard programs, whereas 49% had been dropped without any information in the charts. Better performance, although not satisfactory, was found in hospitals with oncologic facilities and wards compared to centers without "ad hoc" organizations. The discussion focussed on the limits of organizational measures and efforts to determine widespread improvement in care for a disease such as lung cancer for which real therapeutic gains are still hard to achieve. PMID- 6665879 TI - Surgical treatment for carcinoma of the gastric cardia: a modified proximal esophagogastrectomy. AB - Proximal esophagogastrectomy saving only the distal half of the greater curvature of the stomach was retrospectively evaluated in 91 consecutive patients with resectable carcinoma of the gastric cardia. Division of the right gastric artery at its beginning provided a free nodal margin if N1 diffusion was observed. Operative mortality was 6.5% and fatal leak rate 3.8%. Survival without dysphagia occurred in all but stage I tumors; for larger tumors recurrence and reflux esophagitis were not able to produce dysphagia because distant metastases were faster to kill the patients. Five-year survival was 0% for stage IV (i.e. incomplete macroscopic resection), 8% for stage III, 12% for stage II and 53% for stage I. Local recurrence occurred only at esophageal anastomosis and for every stage, whereas regional recurrence occurred only for tumors with nodal diffusion. The results of this study are not suitable for a comparison with total esophagogastrectomy by inductive logic, nevertheless deductive arguments are possible if patterns of recurrence are considered. The possibility of regional recurrence for N1 and not for N0 tumors means that the volume of nodal resection has diagnostic specificity for N0 but not for N1 tumors. If N2 nodal diffusion is really a sistemic disease, as indicated by current reports, than greater nodal resection by total esophagogastrectomy can only improve the diagnostic specificity of N1 assessment but not survival. PMID- 6665881 TI - Regional perfusion at high temperature in treatment of stage IIIA-IIIAB melanoma patients. AB - The results obtained with isolation perfusions in stage IIIA-IIIAB melanoma patients, performed at 42.5-43 degrees C for 2.5 h, are reported. These temperatures and perfusion times were chosen on the basis of experimental data in animal models and in vitro. The clinical results were impressive, but the high percentage of complications and the high cost from a social and human point of view make this experience negative with regard to its clinical applicability, at least with such a high temperature and long perfusion time. PMID- 6665880 TI - Colorectal cancer: relationship of histologic grading to disease prognosis. AB - Ninety patients underwent curative surgery for colorectal adenocarcinoma and they were followed for a period of 3 years. The aim of this retrospective study was to relate the cell differentiation (grading) and TNM classification of the UICC (1978) with the disease evaluation and patient survival. The results showed a consistent relation between grading and lymph node metastasis in patients with moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, whereas no relationship was found between grading and local invasion of the tumor. Therefore, histocytologic grading of colorectal cancer appears to significantly influence survival grading parameters, and it may be a good method for monitoring the disease and follow-up of the patients. PMID- 6665882 TI - [Interaction between disopyramide and pindolol]. PMID- 6665883 TI - [Methods of terminating pregnancy and acute complications]. PMID- 6665884 TI - [Late sequela of legal abortion]. PMID- 6665886 TI - [Hyperphenylalaninemia on account of biopterin deficiency. The phenylalanine hydroxylase complex and presentation of a patient with cofactor deficiency]. PMID- 6665885 TI - [The contraceptive habits of women applying for termination of pregnancy]. PMID- 6665887 TI - [Measurement of the cranial circumference at birth]. PMID- 6665888 TI - [Non-returnable uroflowmeter compared with an electronic flowmeter]. PMID- 6665889 TI - [Familial occurrence of porphyria cutaneous tarda. The biochemical background and own clinical studies]. PMID- 6665890 TI - [Porphyria cutaneous tarda and pregnancy]. PMID- 6665891 TI - [Uterine contractions during pregnancy as a possible cause of intrauterine fetal death]. PMID- 6665892 TI - [Lutein cyst in the ovary suspected to be a malignant ovarian tumor]. PMID- 6665893 TI - [What do we know about occupational hearing disorders?]. PMID- 6665894 TI - [Development in the number of legal terminations of pregnancy]. PMID- 6665896 TI - [Reactions to induced abortion]. PMID- 6665895 TI - [Choice of termination of pregnancy. The significance of demographic and social factors]. PMID- 6665897 TI - [Ewing's sarcoma. A study of occurrence, therapeutic delay and prognosis on the basis of 45 cases]. PMID- 6665898 TI - [Borax--is it dangerous? Inquiries to a poison information center over a 12-year period]. PMID- 6665899 TI - [Serum CK/MB-estimated infarct size and other prognostic variables in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6665900 TI - [Giant cell arteritis and ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6665901 TI - [Chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma in children. Study of their occurrence]. PMID- 6665902 TI - [The Boari patch employed in the treatment of iatrogenic injuries of the ureter]. PMID- 6665903 TI - [The medial tibial stress syndrome]. PMID- 6665904 TI - [Nodular (enzymatic) subcutaneous fat necrosis as a clinical manifestation of pancreatic disease]. PMID- 6665905 TI - [Respiratory dyskinesia with hyperventilation]. PMID- 6665906 TI - [2 cases of macrodystrophic fibrolipomatosis]. PMID- 6665907 TI - [Functional conditions of the elderly in Copenhagen. Results of a sociomedical epidemiological interview survey of 75-, 80- and 85-year-old persons living in Copenhagen]. PMID- 6665908 TI - [Sick-leave after operations for inguinal hernia]. PMID- 6665909 TI - [Leprosy--even in Denmark. Review and report of 4 cases]. PMID- 6665910 TI - [The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Is the disease underdiagnosed?]. PMID- 6665911 TI - [Prevention of poisoning with organophosphorus compounds]. PMID- 6665912 TI - [Cytological screening of pregnant women under 25]. PMID- 6665913 TI - [Reconstructive vascular surgery in the aged. The postoperation social status of patients over 70]. PMID- 6665914 TI - [Plastic surgery of the forefoot in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6665915 TI - [Operative treatment of Malan's syndrome]. PMID- 6665916 TI - [A repressed cosmetic complaint]. PMID- 6665917 TI - [Unspecified spondylitis]. PMID- 6665918 TI - [What do we know about occupational diseases of the kidney and urinary tract?]. PMID- 6665919 TI - [Accidents due to violence in Arhus over the period of a year. I. Review and extent of violence]. PMID- 6665920 TI - [Accidents due to violence in Arhus over the period of a year. II. Violence and women]. PMID- 6665921 TI - [A Danish child born after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer]. PMID- 6665922 TI - [Microsurgical reversal of female sterilization]. PMID- 6665923 TI - [Microsurgical treatment of female infertility]. PMID- 6665924 TI - [Cosmetic and psychological assessment of primary and secondary reconstruction of the breast following mastectomy for breast cancer]. PMID- 6665925 TI - [Radiographic examination of fractures of the carpal scaphoid. The diagnostic value of a modified radiographic examination and suggestions for a simplified radiologic procedure]. PMID- 6665926 TI - [Criteria for radiographic examination of the stomach. A prospective trial of 4 criteria]. PMID- 6665927 TI - [Tubo-ovarian actinomycosis associated with the use of intrauterine contraceptive device]. PMID- 6665928 TI - [Uterine perforation in contraception with an IUD]. PMID- 6665929 TI - [The treatment of fractures of the radial condyle of the humerus during the growth phase]. PMID- 6665930 TI - [Fractures of the distal tibial epiphysis]. PMID- 6665931 TI - [Computed tomography diagnosis of tumors and fractures of the scapula]. PMID- 6665932 TI - [Blood vessel injuries in fractures of the extremities]. PMID- 6665933 TI - [Subcutaneous ruptures of the Achilles tendon. Follow-up results according to standardized procedure]. PMID- 6665934 TI - [Experimental studies on load-bearing pressure and contact areas in the ankle joint]. PMID- 6665935 TI - [The patient must remain the central preoccupation of medical education]. PMID- 6665936 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of hepatic abscess at Notre Dame Hospital. Study of prognostic factors]. PMID- 6665937 TI - [Toxic megacolon in inflammatory colon disease]. PMID- 6665938 TI - [Extracranial-intracranial bypass by anastomosis of the temporal and sylvian arteries in cerebrovascular insufficiency and various arterial aneurysms]. PMID- 6665939 TI - [A new treatment modality in mandibular fractures: microplates and screws]. PMID- 6665940 TI - [Practical advances in childhood poisoning]. PMID- 6665942 TI - [History of the role of the medical profession in the compensation plans in Quebec from 1930 to 1981]. PMID- 6665941 TI - [Postoperative electrophysiologic studies. The use of epicardial electrodes in the electrophysiologic evaluation of the surgical treatment of ventricular arrhythmia]. PMID- 6665943 TI - [Nosocomial staphylococcal infections. 1]. PMID- 6665944 TI - [Q fever and granulomatous hepatitis]. PMID- 6665945 TI - [Evaluation of the utilization of health services by the elderly]. PMID- 6665946 TI - [Amenorrhea. 2: Secondary amenorrhea]. PMID- 6665948 TI - [Fanconi's anemia and dysgammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 6665947 TI - [Various modes of presentation of tuberculosis in hemodialysis patients]. PMID- 6665949 TI - [Diagnostic methods in thyroid cancer]. PMID- 6665950 TI - [Etiology of thyroid tumors]. PMID- 6665951 TI - [Usefulness and limitations of thyroglobulin determination in thyroid neoplasms]. PMID- 6665952 TI - [Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 6665953 TI - [Nosocomial staphylococci. 2]. PMID- 6665954 TI - [The gerontogenicity test (G-G test): a new application of the experimental precocious aging syndrome]. PMID- 6665955 TI - Clinical examination of sheep and goats. PMID- 6665956 TI - Foot problems in sheep. PMID- 6665957 TI - Foot problems in goats. PMID- 6665958 TI - Prevalence of clinical babesiosis in an area in north Co Meath, Ireland. AB - A survey of clinical babesiosis was carried out in an area serviced by a veterinary practice in Oldcastle, Co Meath. Data were collected from the day books of the practice from 1970 to 1981 and from questionnaires and visits to farmers. Clinical incidence ranged between 3.2 and 4.9 per cent, which was very high compared with figures from Northern Ireland and Devon. Mortality rates were found to range from 7.3 to 14.5 per cent. The seasonality of cases and the age of animals most affected were found to conform to the findings of most earlier studies. The view of the veterinary surgeons that the prevalence of relatively unresponsive cases has increased markedly over the last 12 years was supported by data on the number of revisits and blood transfusions carried out. Cows seemed to be more involved in this phenomenon than other age groups. Although the veterinary surgeons treat less than a third of the cases that occur in the area this seems to be a fairly constant proportion and it is concluded that their day books provide valuable information on the incidence of babesiosis. PMID- 6665960 TI - Pulmonary chondromatous hamartoma in a young cat. PMID- 6665959 TI - Isolation of exotic mycoplasmas from sheep in England. PMID- 6665961 TI - Neonatal entropion in a litter of pigs. PMID- 6665962 TI - Good dairy housing design--a form of preventive medicine? PMID- 6665963 TI - Pig housing and environment. PMID- 6665964 TI - Animal housing and welfare. PMID- 6665965 TI - Sources of advice on farm buildings. PMID- 6665967 TI - Neoplasms of sheep in Great Britain. PMID- 6665966 TI - Salinomycin poisoning in turkeys. PMID- 6665968 TI - Infection of sheep in Great Britain with Mycoplasma capricolum. PMID- 6665969 TI - IBR infection in calves. PMID- 6665970 TI - Evaluation of a mixture of trimethoprim and sulphaquinoxaline for the treatment of bacterial and coccidial diseases of poultry. AB - Representative experiments from work undertaken to develop a synergistic mixture of trimethoprim and sulphaquinoxaline for the preventive treatment of certain poultry diseases are described. Sulphaquinoxaline in the diet for four days was shown to achieve at least an 85 per cent higher blood level than nine other sulphonamides in chicks, and the efficacies of various trimethoprim/sulphaquinoxaline regimes in the diet or in the drinking water were demonstrated against pasteurellosis, colisepticaemia and five kinds of coccidiosis. Regimes for bacterial diseases were begun one day before infection but those for coccidial diseases were begun on the same day as infection or later. Overall, a total dose of 30 mg/kg bodyweight/day (trimethoprim/sulphaquinoxaline = 1:3) controlled these seven diseases. The same treatment was also shown to control sulphaquinoxaline-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Eimeria acervulina. Although both drinking water and food were used for drug administration, twice the inclusion rate was required in food to that in water for equivalent efficacy. The significance of different modes of expression of dosages for bacterial and coccidial diseases is explained. PMID- 6665971 TI - Responses to submaximal treadmill exercise and training in the horse: changes in haematology, arterial blood gas and acid base measurements, plasma biochemical values and heart rate. AB - Four standardbred horses with subcutaneously relocated carotid arteries were given a seven week training programme of treadmill exercise at a gradient of 19 per cent in order to assess if there were any effects of exercise and training on haematology, arterial blood gas and acid base measurements, plasma biochemistry and heart rate. The exercise consisted of one minute walking at 110 metres/minute followed by five minutes trotting at 200 metres/minute, twice daily in the first week. The period of trotting exercise was increased by one minute per week so that by the seventh week the horses were being given 12 minutes trotting twice daily. Before training commenced venous blood samples, for complete blood counts and plasma biochemistry, and arterial samples, for blood gas, acid base and lactate measurements, were taken at rest, after five minutes and 15 minutes of treadmill exercise (200 metres/minute) and 30 minutes and 60 minutes after completing the exercise. Heart rate was measured by telemetric electrocardiogram at similar intervals. This exercise test and blood collection were repeated after one, three, five and seven weeks of training. The only significant changes were a decrease in exercise lactate with training, increases in exercise and recovery total protein. The haematological response to treadmill exercise included an increase in certain red cell parametes and a leucocytosis which was caused by both a neutrophilia and a lymphocytosis. These effects had largely disappeared by 30 minutes after exercise and all values had returned to resting values by one hour after exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6665972 TI - Mycoplasmas of sheep and goats: a synopsis. AB - The currently recognised mycoplasmas of sheep and goats are briefly reviewed to indicate their pathogenicities, the various disease syndromes with which they be associated and their geographical distribution. The mycoplasmas of proven pathogenicity not presently known to exist in the United Kingdom and which therefore constitute importation hazards are thereby identified. PMID- 6665973 TI - Single topical treatment for bovine keratoconjunctivitis using benzathine cloxacillin. PMID- 6665974 TI - Phenylbutazone inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production in equine acute inflammatory exudate. PMID- 6665975 TI - Streptococcus suis type II infection in a raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) family Canidae. PMID- 6665976 TI - Modes of action of growth promoting agents. PMID- 6665977 TI - The Swann report in the 1980s. PMID- 6665978 TI - Current techniques and recent advances in veterinary drug analysis with special reference to anthelmintics and tranquilizers. PMID- 6665980 TI - Tremorgenic fungal toxins. PMID- 6665979 TI - Some aspects of the teratogenicity of veterinary drugs. PMID- 6665981 TI - The occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals and animal feed-stuffs. PMID- 6665983 TI - Myotrophic effects of anabolic steroids. PMID- 6665982 TI - Environmental conditions conducive to Fusarium toxin formation causing serious outbreaks in animals and man. PMID- 6665984 TI - Mechanisms of hypersensitivity to intravenous agents. PMID- 6665985 TI - Adverse reactions to antimicrobial agents in the horse. PMID- 6665986 TI - Morphological and functional aspects of experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity in young beagles and foals. PMID- 6665987 TI - Monitoring of adverse reactions and interactions involving veterinary drugs in the U.S.A. PMID- 6665988 TI - Dopaminergic receptors in guinea-pig bladder. PMID- 6665990 TI - Tissue basis for the use of enzymes in toxicology. PMID- 6665989 TI - Renal clearance: species differences and similarities. PMID- 6665991 TI - Changes in drug action in growing animals. PMID- 6665992 TI - Renal excretion of drugs during postnatal development in piglets. PMID- 6665993 TI - A RAL compound as an anabolic in cattle. PMID- 6665995 TI - Legislation on veterinary drugs in France - its practical implementation, prospect for the future. PMID- 6665994 TI - Potency changes of intravenous induction agents in the first ten weeks of life: an experiment using beagle dogs. PMID- 6665996 TI - Workshop on teaching of veterinary pharmacology. PMID- 6665997 TI - Teaching of veterinary pharmacology in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 6665999 TI - Teaching of veterinary pharmacology in the United Kingdom. PMID- 6665998 TI - Teaching of veterinary pharmacology in Denmark. PMID- 6666000 TI - Teaching of veterinary pharmacology in France. PMID- 6666001 TI - Teaching of veterinary pharmacology in Sweden. PMID- 6666002 TI - Teaching of veterinary pharmacology in Japan. PMID- 6666003 TI - Teaching of veterinary pharmacology in the U.S.A. PMID- 6666004 TI - The need for biostatistical education in veterinary medicine. PMID- 6666005 TI - Influence of the duration of nitrovin medication on weight gains in chickens of different ages. PMID- 6666006 TI - Performance promoters in animal nutrition. I. Quantitative factorial analysis of effectiveness. PMID- 6666007 TI - [Ecology applied to technologies--a qualitatively new method of service in animal husbandry]. PMID- 6666008 TI - [Problems and prospects of veterinary virology]. PMID- 6666009 TI - [Toward higher quality and more intensity in research activities]. PMID- 6666010 TI - [Trends in research work on the infectious diseases of agricultural animals]. PMID- 6666011 TI - [Scientific studies and the diagnosis of noninfectious diseases]. PMID- 6666012 TI - [Zoohygienic control problems in industrial animal husbandry]. PMID- 6666013 TI - [Toward increased efficiency and quality in disinfection, insect- and rat control]. PMID- 6666014 TI - [Current problems facing rendering plants, rendering work and environmental protection]. PMID- 6666015 TI - [Prospects for the development and dissemination of invention and innovation in the field of veterinary medicine]. PMID- 6666016 TI - [Current trends in research and implementation activity in the field of veterinary medicine]. PMID- 6666018 TI - [Effect of artificial air ionization on broilers]. AB - Tested was the artificial ionization of the air in climatic chambers in attempts to maintain the abiotic ecologic factors within the parameters required by the industrial technology of raising. The feeding and raising of birds were carried in accordance with the provisions of the Bulgarian State Standard requirements. The experiments were carried out with day-old chick broilers divided into two equated groups. All parameters of the production milieu in which the groups were kept were unified with the exception of the ionization of air. The latter was effected following the pattern of a special programme worked out by the authors' team, providing for various exposures and concentrations of the ions in dependence on the age of birds. The investigation of the abiotic and biotic factors acting in the two chambers has revealed a reliable drop of the microbial contamination of the air under the effect of artificial ionization. It has been found that air ionization applied according to the tested programme stimulates the life processes in the body of broilers as evidenced by the anabolic processes with proteins, the higher vitamin A and E level in the liver, and the activation of haemopoiesis. As the result of the reduced microbial contamination of the air and the biologic action of the air ions on the body of the birds in the test group higher weight was obtained (by 19 g) as against the controls at a lower feed intake per unit of gain, with higher indices of the poultry meat. The chemical investigation of such meat of the test group birds has revealed higher protein and essential amino acid content. PMID- 6666017 TI - [Protein fraction changes in swine raised under different conditions]. AB - The total protein and the protein fractions were studied in pigs raised both under industrial conditions and on the personal farms. It was found that the process of immunogenesis in pigs varied largely parallel to the various conditions of raising. The numerous immunoprophylactic treatments under industrial conditions were found to have an adverse effect on the forming of the immune response, even without apparent antigen competition. The investigations aimed at elucidating the expediency of the adopted and very often unsubstantiated, repeatedly effected treatments for the rational use of mixed vaccines. PMID- 6666019 TI - [Veterinary medical science with reference to the new economic approach and its mechanism]. PMID- 6666020 TI - [Presence of enterotoxin D in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food products]. AB - Studied was the capacity of 243 S. aureus strains to produce enterotoxin D after they were isolated from food products. It was found that 3.3 per cent of the strains produced enterotoxin D, the simultaneous production of A and D toxins being established in 2.5 per cent of the cases. The detection of an enterotoxin of such antigenic type pointed to its demonstration in cases of food intoxication as well as when hygiene control of food products was carried out. PMID- 6666021 TI - [Toxic action and deratization effect of acute rodenticide]. AB - Tested was the toxic action and the deratization effect of the new acutely acting rodenticide EL614 recently introduced into deratization practice. The experiments were carried out with laboratory rats and pigs as well as with the rats found in a swine breeding complex. Studied were the morphologic and histopathologic changes in the internal organs of rats that had swallowed baits carrying the preparation in various concentration. It was found that LD50 for rats up to the 24th hour after swallowing the poison was 4.13 mg/kg, and it was 1.78 mg/kg at the 48t hour, and 1.32 mg/kg at the 72nd hour. Intoxication and death set in as the result of impaired function of almost all organs, which was explained by the lipidotropic action of the preparation. Particularly severe were the lesions (hemodynamic and degenerative) in the brain. In field trials the baits contained EL614 in concentration of 0.005 per cent, showed a low deratization effect the first day after setting them. In this case the effect could be explained by the stress developing among the rodent population. The same baits in amounts surpassing 300-400 g caused intoxication and death in pigs of 20 kg live weight. PMID- 6666022 TI - [Serological study of chlamydial abortion in sheep]. AB - A vast serologic study of the chlamydial abortion in sheep was carried out. The complement-fixation test was employed to investigate a total of 3808 ewes--both animals that had miscarried and various groups of controls. The results obtained were processed statistically. Forty-four new foci of chlamydial abortion in sheep were discovered. It was shown that the serologic diagnosis of the disease was possible with the study of serum samples from animals with abortions, taken once and twice. The artificial infection of pregnant ewes led to a chlamydial infection having and individual clinical development and characteristic antibody dynamic. Comprehensive seroepizoologic investigations on all farms with abortions are suggested for the overall elucidation of the nosologic geography of the disease. PMID- 6666023 TI - [Passive hemagglutination test with capsular and somatic antigens of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from birds]. AB - Comparative investigations were carried out with the passive hemagglutination reaction in the serotyping of 14 reference and 34 P. multocida strains isolated from birds with three types of antigens obtained from one and the same bacterial mass: capsular extracts obtained by Carter's method (1), thermostable capsular extracts obtained after Carter and additionally heated at 100 C degrees for one hour (2), thermostable somatic extracts obtained after the additional heading of the depot of bacterial mass, treated after Carter at 100 C degrees for one hour (3). The results obtained with the three extracts correlated fully with each other as established with the passive hemagglutination test. Out of 34 strains 76.47 per cent were typed with the use of two of the capsular extracts, and 97.05 per cent--with the thermostable somatic extracts. Thermostable somatic extracts obtained from reference and field strains of P. multocida showed type specificity according to the classification of Carter. Of the P. multocida strains isolated from birds that succumbed to acute or chronic form of fowl cholera 97.06 per cent were typed as serotype A, and 2.94 per cent--chiefly in the chronic form of the disease--as serotype B. It was found that immunodiffusion conducted with capsular extracts was the most suitable method for the detection of antibodies in the sera of rabbits against P. multocida prior to the animals' hyperimmunization with type cultures. PMID- 6666024 TI - [Labor expenditure from the viewpoint of work standardization and planning for veterinary specialists in meat-packing combines]. AB - A functional analysis and investigation was carried out on the character of labour input of vets responsible for the veterinary and sanitary control in the field of meat production and processing at five meat combines of variable volume of production and equipped with different technical means. Photos and self-photos of the working time and chronometric studies were made to find the amount of work done by vets for the specific types of activity. Investigations showet that all veterinary types of work guaranteeing an overall veterinary and sanitary control on the animals and products derived from them, including the keeping of specific veterinary records required 10 min. for a large animal, 4.8 min. for a swine, and 2.6 min. for a small ruminant. On the basis of these time-consuming norms labour stansardization and normatives for the number of persons engaged in the veterinary service responsible for the veterinary-and-sanitary control in the meat-producing combines were worked out. PMID- 6666025 TI - [Enzyme activity in the blood plasma of lambs with acute radiation sickness]. AB - The activity was determined of sorbitol-dehydrogenase (SDH), cholinesterase (CE), leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP), acid phosphatase (AP), and glutamate-dehydrogenase (GDH) in blood plasma of lambs irradiated with 200, 320, and 450 Rad. Results showed that with the mild form of acute radiation sickness (treatment with 200 Rad) the activity of the blood enzymes did not change. With the severe (320 Rad) and the peracute (450 Rad) forms of the disease within the first 24 hours the activity of SDH and CE rose 3 to 5 times, and that of GDH and AP--twice within a period of 1 to 3 days following irradiation. In the case of a threefold increased activity of SDH and CE within 15 to 24 hours of treatment the diseased animals died. Parallel hematologic investigations revealed that well manifested leukopenia with these two forms of the sickness took place after the 24th hour. Activity determination of the investigated plasma enzymes within the first 15-24 hours following irradiation could be used as an adjunct test to the study of the hematologic indices for the early diagnosis of the severe and peracute forms of irradiation sickness as well as for the exit of the disease. PMID- 6666026 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase activity and isoenzymes in the blood serum of cattle, sheep and swine]. AB - Studied were the total activity and the type of isoenzymes of the alkaline phosphatase in blood serum of cattle, sheep, and swine at various ages and different physiologic status. With all three species the enzyme activity showed explicit age dynamic. In month-old calves the activity of the serum phosphatase was 82.8 IU, on an average, and in adult cows--32.2 IU. In month-old lambs the enzyme activity was 310.6 IU, on an average, while in adult sheep it was 62.0 IU. In young pigs it ranged up to 105.0 IU, and in adult swine--up to 32.4 IU. No statistically significant differences in the enzyme activity was established between dry and lactating cows and ewes as well as between rams, boars, and sows. The study on the isoenzymes of the alkaline phosphatase (thermostability, specific chemoinhibitors, and electrophoresis in agar gel) revealed that in month old calves there was only a bone isoenzyme in the blood serum; in calves that were more advanced in age there appeared also the liver and the intestinal isoenzymes, while in adult cows the intestinal or the liver enzyme of alkaline phosphatase was present only. The blood serum of lambs up to the sixth month of age contained the bone and the intestinal isoenzymes, and that of adult sheep- the liver and the intestinal ones. In pregnant sheep there were even low amounts of the placental isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. In pigs up to the sixth month of age the serum phosphatase was shown to be of bone origin, while in the adult swine--chiefly of liver origin. PMID- 6666027 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism in highly productive cows that have recently calved]. AB - Investigations were carried out with 45 normal cows and 45 cows with disturbed carbohydrate metabolism (ketosis). The animals of the groups were all high producing, and have recently calved, being equated according to the principle of analogues. Studied were the indices that were most characteristic of carbohydrate metabolism--total amount of VFA in the rumen along with individual fractions (acetic, propionic, and butyric acid) and total ketones; blood level of FVA, sugar, and ketone bodies. It was found that in the rumen of normal cows the content of VFA was 564.6 +/- 42.4 mg%, and that of the fractions was: acetic acid 342.2 +/- 14.2 mg%, propionic acid-166.8 +/- 16.3 mg%, butyric acid-56.8 +/- 5.6 mg%, and ketone bodies-6.4 +/- 0.8 mg%. In the blood VFA were 8.2 +/- 1.2 mg%, sugar was 66.3 +/- 1.4 mg%, and ketones were 7.6 +/- 1.8 mg%. With ketosis affected cows, exhibiting disturbed carbohydrate metabolism these values were: in the rumen-VFA-322.6 +/- 28.4 mg%, acetic acid-120.8 +/- 17.8 mg%, propionic acid 76.4 +/- 12.2 mg%, butyric acid-126.0 +/- 9.5 mg%, and ketone bodies-93.2 +/- 1.8 mg%; in the blood-VFA-72.4 +/- 9.2 mg%, sugar-32.3 +/- 1.9 mg%, and ketone bodies 106.6 +/- 8.6 mg%. Analysis of the results with normal carbohydrate metabolism has revealed that the total amount of VFA in the rumen consisted of 60.6% acetic acid, 29.5% propionic acid, and 10.0% butyric acid. PMID- 6666028 TI - [Protein fractions in diluted bull seminal fluid with various biological indices after thermal treatment]. AB - Studied were electrophoretically the protein fractions of bull semen after heat treatment of the GH22L extender. Studied were also the changes in the protein fractions of diluted semen of various biologic indices. It was found that after heat treatment of the extender at 70 degrees C for 60 min. most stable proved the fractions that were at the front and the start. Negligible changes underwent the proteins of the 3rd and 4th fraction. The changes in the percent distribution of the protein fractions of diluted qualitative and unqualitative bull semen at 1+2 degree with thermically untreated GH22L extender were best manifested with the semen of lower quality. Weaker were the changes taking place with dilution of qualitative and unqualitative semen at 1+6 degree. These changes were observed also with dilution at 1+2 with thermically treated extender (70 degrees C for 60 min.). Dilution of qualitative semen with thermically treated (at 1+6) extender most strongly changed the proteins of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd fraction. The proteins of the start showed high stability. Nonsignificant were the changes with unqualitative semen with which all fractions showed great heat stability. PMID- 6666029 TI - [Changes in the total protein, cholesterol and blood sugar levels in thyroidectomized pigs]. AB - Parallel investigations were carried out of the total thyroxine (T-4), the thyreobinding globulin (TBG), T-3 and FT-4 index, the level of total protein, blood sugar, and cholesterol in thyroid ectomised pigs within the 4th hour and the 40th day following extirpation. Direct correlation was established between the changes in the level of T-4 and the level of blood sugar and total cholesterol at negligible changes in the level of the total protein. After the 4th hour the T-4 level dropped approximately by 45 per cent at the simultaneous decrease in the blood sugar by about 90 per cent. PMID- 6666030 TI - [Dynamics of the functional, biochemical and hormonal indices of racehorses]. AB - Parallel physiologic, biochemical, and hormonal investigations of racehorses were carried out within the time period of a training cycle. The changes found in the physiologic and biochemical indices were said to be in a general relationship with the amount of physical training of the animals, at the same time reflecting some seasonal variations. The changes in the level of T-4 and cortisol were found to be in direct relationship with the continuation of training. PMID- 6666031 TI - [Species-specific toxicity of arprinocid in mammals and birds]. AB - Studied was the species-specific tolerance and the subchronic toxicity of the arprinocid coccidiostatic (9-/2-chloro-6-fluorophenylmethyl/9H-pirineamine) in the form of a 12% premix with trade mark Arpocox, Merk Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories. It was found that at single oral application arprinocid led to the intoxication of broiler birds at 50 mg/kg, turkey poults-at up to 18 mg/kg, ducklings--up to 18 mg/kg, goslings--up to 6 mg/kg, calves--up to 10 mg/kg, lambs -up to 60 mg/kg, pigs--up to 30 mg/kg. The lethal dose for chickens was over 100 mg/kg, turkeys and duckling--30 mg/kg, and goslings--18 mg/kg. Arprinocid given with the feed to chicken broilers in conc. 60 ppm for 30 days did not lead to side effects. In conc. of 120 and especially 180 ppm there was retardation of growth with birds and inhibition of hemopoiesis. With pigs the preparation in conc. 60 to 180 ppm given with the feed had no effect on the growth and consumption of feeds; in 120 ppm and especially in 180 ppm it inhibited the hemo- and erythropoiesis. With chickens and pigs arprinocid in 180 ppm did not cause degenerative and inflammatory changes in the liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, testes, ovaria, adrenals, thyroid, and skeletal muscles. PMID- 6666032 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica survival in Bulgarian yogurt and Vita yogurt (experimental studies)]. AB - Laboratory studies were carried out on the development and survival of Y. enterocolitica in Bulgarian sour milk and sour milk 'Vita'. The raw cow milk was contaminated with various amounts of Y. enterocolitica cells. Results showed that the development and survival of the organism in the sour milk was dependent on its count in the raw milk and the running of the process of lactic acid fermentation. Under refrigerator conditions (Bulgarian sour milk contaminated at the rate of 10(4) microbial cells per cm3) Y. enterocolitica retained its viability up to the 24 th hour. When contamination reached 10(5) and 10(5) cells per cm3 the viability of the organism lasted up to 72 hours. Sour milk 'Vita' with a starter of strain of Lb. bulgaricus, producing D (-) lactic acid, possessed stronger inhibitory action on Y. enterocolitica compared with milk with a starter of strain of Lb. bulgaricus, producing L (+) actic acid. PMID- 6666033 TI - [Effect of folic acid on 35S-methionine transport in vitro]. AB - The experiments were carried out with 4-week-old broiler birds given a ration that was balanced in terms of basic nutrients. Following decapitation inverted intestinal sacs were prepared from the proximal part of the jejunum the incubation of which lasted 40 min. To elucidate the effect of folic acid on the transport of 35S-methionine the acid was used in a conc. of 4 X 10(-6). Studied was also the effect of replacing the sodium ion (148 mEq/l) in the incubation solution with equivalent amount of the potassium ion, and the incorporation into the same solution of monoiodine-acetic acid (10(-3)M) as it affects the transmembrane transport of methionine. The flasks with the sacs of each group of birds contained 10microCi 35S-methionine each. The content of cyclic 3', 5' adenosine-monophosphate (cAMP), the SH-groups, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the jejunal mucosa were determined. Results showed that folic acid at 4 X 10(-6)M stimulated dependably both the transport and the incorporation of 35S-methionine into the erythrocytes. These processes were inhibited when monoiodine-acetic acid at 10(-3)M was added to the incubation solution. Identic negative effect was produced also when K+ was used instead of Na+. Folic acid was said to raise the content of cAMP, SH-groups, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the jejunal mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6666034 TI - [Sensitivity of Pasteurella multocida strains to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents]. AB - The disk diffusion method was employed to test the sensitivity of a total of 330 Pasteurella multocida strains to streptomycin and kanamycin, of 309 strains to erythromycin, of 315 strains to chloramphenicol, of 240 strains to tetracycline, of 213 strains to gentamycin, of 211 strains to ampicillin, of 209 strains to neomycin, of 199 strains to novobiocin, of 169 to spectinomycin, of 162 to borgal, and of 67 strains to furazolidon. All tested strains were isolated from birds with cholera and from mammals with pneumonia, showing 100 per cent sensitivity to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamycin, and borgal, 88.2 per cent to spectinomycin, 86.6% to furazolidon, 74.2% to neomycin, 52.7% to kanamycin, 23.7% to streptomycin, 32.7% to novobiocin. 13.9 per cent of the P. multocida strains only were resistant to streptomycin. Strains of intermediate sensitivity were as follows: 67.3%--to novobiocin, 62.4%--to streptomycin, 47.3%--to kanamycin, 25.8%--to neomycin, 13.4%--to furazolidon, and 11.8%--to spectinomycin. Ninety-seven strains (42 from birds, 23 from pigs, and 32 from rabbits) were tested for sensitivity in solid media to lowest inhibiting concentrations of tetracycline--4 micrograms/cm3, gentamycine--6 micrograms/cm3, chloramphenicol--12.5 micrograms/cm3, kanamycin--6 micrograms/cm3, erythromycin--8 micrograms/cm3, ampicillin--8 micrograms/cm3, and imekil--0.8 microgram. All tested strains were sensitive to these concentrations. For the treatment and prophylaxis of birds (fowl cholera) and mammals (pasteurellosis) a wide set of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents can be used. PMID- 6666035 TI - [Blood amoxicillin concentrations in agricultural animals and poultry treated intramuscularly with drug forms containing amoxicillin sodium and amoxicillin trihydrate]. AB - The sodium salts of ampicillin and amoxicillin at the single i/m application in 20 per cent water solutions at the rate of 10 mg per kg of body mass guaranteed close therapeutic concentrations of both antibiotics in the blood serum of birds and rabbits. Amoxicillin-trihydrate in a 20% water suspension applied i/m in a single dose of 10 mg/kg persisted in a therapeutic concentrations in the blood serum of birds for a longer time (10 hours) than ampicillin-trihydrate (8 hours). The oil suspension containing 20% amoxicillin-trihydrate guaranteed bacteriostatic serum concentrations in the course of 24 to 48 hours at single i/m application in doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg, depending on the amount and the species of animal. The optimal doses for calves and sheep were 20 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg injected at intervals of 24, resp., 48 hours, and for pigs and birds it were 30 mg/kg at 24-hour intervals. The choice of one or another dose depended on the sensitivity of the disease agents. PMID- 6666036 TI - Determination of human cone pigment density difference spectra in spatially resolved regions of the fovea. AB - A new method was developed to measure spectrally and spatially resolved cone pigment optical density difference in normal human subjects. Using digitized television images of human retinas scanned before and after bleaching the cone pigments with a bright light, unique high-resolution images of cone pigment density difference were produced. The spectral peak density difference within the fovea was found to be at 560 nm. These measurements demonstrate a decrease in cone pigment optical density difference with increased distance from the subject's central fixation point in the fovea. The cone pigment density difference was asymmetrically distributed in the fovea with higher amounts on the nasal side. PMID- 6666037 TI - Aspheric curvatures, refractive indices and chromatic aberration for the rat eye. AB - Thicknesses and curvatures of the optic components of enucleated eyes were determined in both transverse and sagittal planes. The cornea and lens surfaces are closer approximations to spheres than are the retina and choroid. Refractive indices of the cornea, aqueous and vitreous humours were obtained by two techniques at eight wavelengths across the visible spectrum. Photography of light beams passing through the crystalline lens immersed in albumin gave the "back vertex power", and thus (assuming homogeneity) the "equivalent" refractive index. With this assumption, which is supported by additional modelling, calculations for the eyes of six individual rats show chromatic aberration across the spectrum of 5.8 (5.5-6.0) diopter. Longitudinal chromatic aberration may make a significant contribution to image blur. PMID- 6666038 TI - Displacement limits for spatial frequency filtered random-dot cinematograms in apparent motion. AB - Two-dimensional band-pass filtered random-dot cinematograms were used to study apparent movement mediated by the short-range process. In the first experiment maximum displacement (dmax) for correct direction of movement was measured for symmetrically filtered low-pass, medium-pass, and high-pass images. dmax was found to be limited by the grain size in the image and increased with the target area. Since eccentric presentation had no effect on dmax, the increase of dmax with target area suggests that apparent movement perception is a global process. In the second experiment the stimulus was filtered differentially in the two orthogonal directions using cone filtering. dmax was found to be commensurate with the length of the clusters in the direction of the movement. PMID- 6666039 TI - Texture changes versus size changes as stimuli for motion in depth. AB - As an object approaches the eye, its retinal image size grows larger and its surface texture appears to grow coarser. We compare these two visual correlates of motion in their effectiveness as stimuli for motion in depth. In some experiments texture and object size both expanded or both contracted; in other experiments the two stimuli were pitted against each other. When texture and size change as for a rigid, nonrotating real world object an untextured square can be a more effective stimulus for motion in depth than the same square with texture. On way of describing this finding is to calculate the departure from linear summation of texture and size contributions. The departure is greatest when texture is static, being even greater than when texture changes in the opposite direction to size. PMID- 6666040 TI - Spatial frequency mechanisms in human vision investigated by evoked potential recording. AB - Two visually evoked brain responses were elicited simultaneously by stimulating the eye with two superimposed sinewave grating patterns that were temporally modulated at slightly different rates. The VEP to one grating was comparatively little affected by the presence of the other grating when the two spatial frequencies were very different, but mutual attenuation grew stronger and stronger as the spatial frequencies of the two gratings were progressively brought together. The attenuation rose to a sharp maximum when the two spatial frequencies were equal. This held at each of the five spatial frequencies tested. This finding can be explained if the spatially-selective mechanisms responsible for grating VEPs contain multiple subunits of narrower spatial frequency bandwidth. The two-grating technique was also used to search for evidence of multiple subunits that are most sensitive at the same spatial frequency, but are tuned to different temporal frequencies. Findings were quite different for temporal and for spatial tuning. Attenuation of one grating VEP was greatest when the temporal frequency of the other grating fell within a broad frequency range of about 3-30 reversals sec-1: maximum attenuation could occur when the gratings had quite different temporal frequencies. This finding denies that for every given temporal frequency there is a subunit maximally sensitive to that frequency. PMID- 6666041 TI - The role of area centralis in the spatial vision of the cat. AB - Spatial contrast sensitivity was measured over a 6 log unit luminance range in two cats before and after bilateral 4-5 deg radius argon laser lesions were placed in area centralis. The lesions reduced high luminance contrast sensitivity by approximately 0.3-0.4 log units at the low and middle spatial frequencies and by 0.5-1.0 log unit at the highest spatial frequencies. The loss of visual acuity was 0.4 octave in the cat with the smaller lesions and 0.8 octave in the cat whose lesions were larger. At lower luminance, little loss in contrast sensitivity was seen and no change was detectable at scotopic luminance levels. Visual acuity, on the other hand, was decreased at higher scotopic conditions, but unaffected at the lowest luminance levels tested (16 X 10(-6) cd/m2). These data indicate that area centralis plays an important role in detecting both high and low spatial frequencies under high luminance conditions but contributes only to spatial resolution at low luminance levels. This result is consistent with known anatomical and physiological properties of the cat area centralis. PMID- 6666042 TI - Spatial frequency and the pattern onset-offset response. AB - Visually evoked responses (VERs) were recorded with vertical sinusoidal gratings presented in the on-off mode at rates of 0.5 and 1 Hz. Stimulus spatial frequency ranged from 0.5 to 16 c/deg and its contrast varied from near-threshold to the value of 0.3. At low spatial frequencies, 0.5 and 1 c/deg, the onset and offset VERs were of similar shape, magnitude and contrast dependence. At spatial frequencies higher than 2 c/deg the onset VERs were usually larger and persisted at lower contrast levels than the offset VERs. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that a gradual transition from the operation of transient channels to the operation of sustained channels takes place on increasing stimulus spatial frequency and that within a wide spatial frequency range (at least from 2 to 8 c/deg) suprathreshold gratings effectively stimulate both types of channels. It is confirmed that both onset and offset VERs are delayed at high spatial frequencies. In addition, a longer delay of the late onset waves was found in comparison with the delay of the early onset waves. PMID- 6666043 TI - Mechanisms of visual sensitivity: backgrounds and early dark adaptation. AB - There is substantial physiological and psychophysical evidence for an adaptation mechanism whose effect, under many circumstances, is equivalent to placing a neutral density filter in front of the eye. Furthermore, this mechanism is of sufficient strength to predict the generalized Weber's law for increment thresholds on steady backgrounds. However, it was shown that an additional transient mechanism (with a time-course of around 100 msec) is also needed to account for the increment-threshold results. The effect of this mechanism on increment thresholds during early dark adaptation was parametrically examined. Several models for the transient mechanism were considered. The one best able to account for the results consists of a subtractive inhibitory stage operating prior to a saturating nonlinearity. PMID- 6666044 TI - Short-wavelength cones contribute to achromatic sensitivity. AB - Visual thresholds for flicker detection and light detection were measured for white and yellow flickering targets superposed on a white adapting field. The flicker frequency was set so that flicker detection thresholds always exceeded the light detection thresholds. The difference between the two types of thresholds was found to be smaller for yellow targets than for white targets. The most likely explanation of this result is that short-wavelength cones contribute to achromatic sensitivity at low temperal frequencies. PMID- 6666045 TI - Evoked potential contrast sensitivity in the parafovea: spatial organization. AB - Visual evoked potential contrast sensitivity functions (VEP/CSFs) were determined for counterphase flickered sine-wave gratings in circular fields up to 8 degrees in diameter centered on the fovea. VEP sources responding to 16 c/deg gratings appeared to be concentrated in the central 2 degrees of the visual field while sources responding to lower spatial frequencies appeared to be distributed over progressively wider areas of the visual field as spatial frequency decreased. It was also found that independently determined VEP/CSFs for non-overlapping annular regions of the visual field centered on the fovea summed to equal the VEP/CSF obtained when both regions were stimulated simultaneously. PMID- 6666046 TI - An investigation of the ability of the human visual system to encode spatial phase relationships. AB - Evidence is presented that the human visual system contains broad-band mechanisms capable of encoding the spatial phase relationship between a fundamental spatial frequency and higher frequencies up to its third harmonic. Compounds of a fundamental and its harmonics above the third become progressively more difficult to discriminate by means of phase information alone. Measurements were also made of the amount of spatial summation found in various detection and phase discrimination tasks using simple or compound gratings composed of a fundamental frequency (F) and its third harmonic (3F). A task requiring the discrimination of the phase relationship between a low contrast (F) and a high contrast (3F) shows less spatial summation than does a task requiring the detection of the (F) component by itself. A simple model is advanced to account for these results qualitatively. The model is based upon the hypothesis that the human visual system analyses the retinal image in patches of a range of sizes and that phase relationships may be discerned only between components that are detected by different elements of the same patch mechanism. PMID- 6666047 TI - The recognition and representation of edge blur: evidence for spatial primitives in human vision. AB - Experiments are reported that measure the precision with which observers can (a) discern the degree of blur of an edge, (b) distinguish between two different types of blur, and relate the locations of two such edges by judging their (c) misalignment or (d) separation. Three blurring functions were used, and detailed examination of the retinal stimulus in each case leads to a simple hypothesis for the visual coding of edge blur. This is interpreted in terms of a general and primitive code for the transduction of local and widespread spatial luminance changes, in which stationary points in an approximation to the second derivative are detected and localized. The phenomena of illusory brightness changes in Mach bands and the Chevreul illusion find a ready explanation in this theory. PMID- 6666048 TI - The effects of screen size and eccentricity on acuity estimates in infants using preferential looking. AB - The study examined whether screen size (10 degrees vs 19 degrees dia.) and separation (3 degrees vs 10 degrees eccentricity of inner edges) affect the estimates of acuity obtained with 1-3 month infants tested by forced-choice preferential looking. One and 2-month infants (but not 3-month olds) showed higher acuity estimates with the larger screens. Screen separation did not significantly affect acuity estimates for any of the age groups. Possible factors underlying these results are discussed. PMID- 6666049 TI - Rhythmicity in rabbit retinal ganglion cell responses. AB - An interesting pattern of rhythmic spike bursts was observed in the light responses of rabbit retinal ganglion cells when using a fast time scale. This rhythmicity was found in all ganglion cell types tested in all parts of the retina. The presence and extent of rhythmicity was related to the intensity, size and shape of the light stimulus. The best stimulus extended into the receptive field surround yet still evoked a strong response from the center. We suggest that rhythmicity results from time delays in the inhibitory interactions between central and surround pathways to the ganglion cells. PMID- 6666050 TI - The relationship between spectral sensitivity and spatial sensitivity for the primate r-g X-channel. AB - Which visual channel detects high spatial frequencies during careful fixation? Color vision models based on psychophysical data contradict electrophysiological results. According to electrophysiology, the channel which mediates foveal acuity originates in the small, tonic color-opponent r-g units of the X-cell pathway. However, psychophysical models assign acuity to the V lambda channel because when acuity is used as a criterion for equating luminosity it is additive. In all opponent-color models the r-g channel is subadditive and hence is excluded from mediating acuity. We show that the r-g channel adds cone signals for high spatial frequencies and subtracts them for low, and conclude that the major achromatic channel for human foveal vision originates within the r-g color-opponent channel. Quantitative analysis makes explicit the interaction between the spatial and spectral variables for the simple-opponent cells which predominate in primate foveal vision. PMID- 6666051 TI - Behavioral studies on the effect of abnormal early visual experience in monkeys: spatial modulation sensitivity. AB - Spatial modulation sensitivity functions have been investigated by behavioral methods in two monkeys reared with normal visual experience and 12 monkeys reared with abnormal, early visual experience. Experimental treatments were initiated when the animals were approximately one month of age. Two monkeys were each treated with one of the following procedures: (1) long-term monocular lid suture, (2) short-term monocular lid suture, (3) surgically induced esotropia, (4) surgically induced exotropia, (5) optical dissociation of binocular vision with ophthalmic prisms, or (6) chronic monocular cycloplegia. The results of the studies showed a severe loss of contrast sensitivity of the treated eyes compared to the control eyes for monkeys reared with monocular lid suture or surgically induced esotropia. Surgically induced exotropia resulted in a moderate reduction in sensitivity of the deviated eye while optical dissociation resulted in a mild reduction in sensitivity of one eye compared to the other. One of the two monkeys reared for seven months with chronic monocular cycloplegia had a relative reduction in contrast sensitivity of the treated eye, but the other monkey had equal sensitivities in the two eyes. However, binocular summation experiments showed that even though the relative difference between the monocular sensitivities was small or absent for the monkeys reared with optical dissociation or chronic monocular cycloplegia, none of them demonstrated binocular vision in these experiments. PMID- 6666052 TI - Behavioral studies on the effect of abnormal early visual experience in monkeys: temporal modulation sensitivity. AB - Temporal modulation sensitivity functions were investigated by behavioral methods in two monkeys reared with normal visual experience and 12 monkeys reared with abnormal early visual experience. Experimental treatments were initiated when the animals were approximately one month of age. Two monkeys were each treated with one of the following procedures: (1) long-term monocular lid suture, (2) short term monocular lid suture, (3) surgically induced esotropia, (4) surgically induced exotropia, (5) optical dissociation of binocular vision with ophthalmic prisms, or (6) chronic monocular cycloplegia. The temporal modulation sensitivity functions for uniform field flicker for both eyes of the control subjects and for the untreated eyes of the experimental subjects were similar to functions for humans measured on the same apparatus using the same behavioral procedures. All eight of the monkeys preconditioned by lid suture or surgically induced strabismus showed reduced sensitivity at all temporal frequencies with the difference between the experimental and control eyes being larger for the high than low temporal frequencies. The monkeys reared with optical dissociation of binocular vision or chronic monocular cycloplegia showed equal temporal modulation sensitivities of the two eyes, but failed to show binocular summation. It was concluded from these studies that abnormal early visual experience in monkeys results in deficiencies in the processing of both spatial and temporal information, but the differences between the treated and untreated eyes were usually greater in the spatial domain than the temporal domain. PMID- 6666053 TI - Two-criterion threshold techniques: evidence for separate spatial and temporal mechanisms? AB - Contrast thresholds were determined for counterphase flickering and drifting spatial gratings using pattern and flicker/motion criteria. In contrast to previous reports, the two criteria yielded contrast sensitivity functions (CSF) of similar form in the counterphase condition. However, moving gratings yielded CSF's of different form for the two criteria. These differences are probably due to eye movements. PMID- 6666055 TI - Discrimination of moving gratings at and above detection threshold. AB - Two experiments examined the discriminability of moving gratings. Experiment 1 measured the difference between detection and discrimination thresholds for gratings of equal spatial frequency drifting in the same direction at different rates. It was found that, as Watson and Robson [Vision Res. 21, 1115-1122 (1981)] had found with counterphase modulated gratings, only very coarse discriminations could be made. The results suggest that just two labelled channels can account for the velocity discrimination of gratings at detection threshold. The second experiment investigated the discriminability of suprathreshold moving gratings. These results also support the idea that rate of movement is mediated by two broadly tuned channels. PMID- 6666054 TI - Measurements of eccentricity of fixation in normals and in amblyopes by evoked potentials. AB - A method to estimate the eccentricity of fixation, i.e. the position of the center of the fovea relative to the point of fixation, based on visually evoked potentials is described and applied to 14 normal and 17 amblyopic subjects. Eye position was simultaneously recorded. In normal subjects, the estimates of fixational eccentricity distributed unimodally with mean 12.1' and range 1-36'. The estimates from the nonamblyopic eyes of amblyopic subjects distributed bimodally with peaks near 5 and 55' and those amblyopic subjects with larger estimates were anisometropic. The results suggest that the anisometropic amblyopes have an asymmetry of retinocortical projections. When corrected for the fixational eccentricity of the nonamblyopic eye. 5 of 17 amblyopic eyes had fixational eccentricity greater than 40'. Since only 1 of these amblyopic eyes was found to fixate eccentrically by conventional clinical testing, it is suggested that eccentric fixation may be more common in amblyopia than has heretofore been appreciated. PMID- 6666056 TI - Light adaptation of primate cones: an analysis based on extracellular data. AB - Extracellular photo-cone responses were isolated in the intact rhesus monkey eye by fractional recording across the outersegment layer in the fovea with a bipolar microelectrode. The cone response vs intensity function was determined in the presence of adapting backgrounds up to 10(6) td. Increment and decrement responses, as well as the response to the steady backgrounds were recorded. All steady state and transient response data could be described with the equation V/Vm = In/(In + sigma n) with n = 0.74 and V and I representing total response and total incident light intensity. This invariant response function is shifted both along the intensity and the response axis with increasing background intensity. The decrease in sensitivity, corresponding to these shifts, could be attributed to cellular adaptation (sigma-adaptation), pigment bleaching and response compression. An analysis of the threshold vs intensity function shows how each of these mechanisms contributes to produce Weber behaviour. PMID- 6666057 TI - Longitudinal chromatic aberration of the vertebrate eye. AB - A recent study involving Abbe and Pulfrich refractometry analyses the dispersion of the human lens and the ocular media of a number of vertebrates. In general, the lens and, to a lesser extent, the cornea, are more dispersive than expected at wavelengths below 500 nm. The dispersion findings of this study were used in conjunction with reduced eye parameters of a number of vertebrates to calculate the longitudinal chromatic aberration of rock bass, frog, chicken, rat, cat, pig, cow, and human eyes. The calculated chromatic aberration of the human eye is greater than values reported earlier, because of the exaggerated dispersion of the lens at short wavelengths. While the values calculated for the additional species studies may be larger in some instances than expected, presumably due to lens dispersion as well, chromatic aberration is not large enough to account for the hyperopia found by retinoscopic study of small eyes. PMID- 6666058 TI - Bimodal receptive fields of cat retinal ganglion cells. AB - Receptive fields of cat retinal ganglion cells were stimulated by a drifting, sinusoidal luminance pattern of fixed contrast. The amplitudes and phases of the harmonic components in the response were determined as a function of spatial frequency. For most cells, the graphs of response vs spatial frequency (when plotted on linear scales) were unimodal and skewed towards zero frequency for all stimulus orientations. However, some cells had bimodal frequency response functions when the stimulus was in the non-preferred orientation. These unusual cells also exhibited a sudden phase-reversal of pi radians which occurred at the frequency of the changeover between the two modes. Calculations based on the experimental data predicted two distinctly separate regions of high sensitivity within the receptive centres of such cells. A narrow bar stimulus was used to confirm that the receptive fields had, in effect, double centres. PMID- 6666059 TI - Smooth pursuit eye movements in response to predictable target motions. AB - The human smooth pursuit eye movement system has a latency of about 150 msec. However, this study shows that humans can learn to perform zero-latency tracking of targets that move with continuous velocity and amplitude-limited acceleration. Superposition of eye velocity and target velocity records, for our unique target waveforms, demonstrated that the subject was using the correct waveform and not just approximating it with a sinusoid or some other simple waveform. Calculation of the mean square error between target and eye position gave a quantitative measure of how well the human can track. The mean square error between target and eye position was 0.32 deg2 for one thousand seconds of steady-state tracking by seven subjects. For several cycles at a time all subjects were able to reduce this error to less than 0.1 deg2. PMID- 6666060 TI - Spatial frequency dependence of accommodative responses in amblyopic eyes. AB - Monocular, steady-state accommodative responses were measured as a function of spatial frequency of simple sinusoidal gratings presented at high contrast and target vergence levels in amblyopes, as well as in strabismics without amblyopia and in visually-normal control subjects. In general, spatial frequency dependence of the accommodative response was the rule. However, the amblyopic eyes exhibited markedly reduced accommodative responses over most of the spatial frequency range tested, and this was attributed to reduced accommodative controller gain in the sensory pathways involved in the control of accommodation in the amblyopic eye. Due to the diversity of accommodative response spatial frequency profiles found across all groups, the results suggest that reflex, voluntary, and higher-level perceptual aspects of accommodation may interplay in a complex manner in the act of accommodation on a simple sinusoidal grating. PMID- 6666061 TI - Discriminability of suprathreshold compound spatial frequency gratings. AB - We have investigated the detectability of small contrast changes in compound suprathreshold gratings, containing two sinusoidal components. We examined the relationship between the detectability of changes in each of the components alone and the detectability of changes in the two components together. It was found that for the pairs of spatial frequencies 1 and 9 c/deg there is a square law summation, but for spatial frequency pairs omega and 3 omega there is a greater summation which depends on the relative phases of the gratings' components. The results indicate the existence of broadband phase selective spatial frequency channels, of 2 octaves bandwidth. PMID- 6666062 TI - The effects of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) on the ERG and ganglion cell discharge of rabbit retina. AB - Perfusion of 100 microM 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) into the in vivo rabbit eye-cup selectively and reversibly blocked the b-wave of the ERG and all On responses from retinal ganglion cells. In contrast, Off responses were occasionally enhanced, sometimes dramatically. The antagonistic surround inputs to Off ganglion cells, identified by their latency to light stimulation and magnesium sensitivity, were unchanged by APB. These observations suggest that APB selectively blocks depolarizing bipolar cells in rabbit retina in close agreement with the results of Slaughter and Miller (1981) from mudpuppy retina. We conclude that APB may be useful as a pharmacological tool to differentiate On and Off pathways in the rabbit visual system. PMID- 6666063 TI - The cholinergic amacrine cells of rabbit retina receive on and off input: an analysis of [3H]-ACh release using 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) and chloride free medium. AB - Using the in vitro rabbit eye-cup we have examined the light-evoked release of ACh from cholinergic amacrine cells under conditions known to eliminate On responses in the retina. APB (100 microM), which blocks the photoreceptor/depolarizing bipolar cell synapse, reduced the light-evoked release of ACh by 80% but a small light-evoked response remained, which was potentiated by bicuculline. Depolarizing bipolar cells are also Cl- dependent. Cl- free medium caused a tenfold Ca2+-dependent increase in the release of ACh but some small light evoked release remained. These results indicate that the cholinergic amacrine cells receive On and Off input. Our findings are consistent with anatomical and electrophysiological evidence which suggests that the displaced cholinergic amacrine cells are On cells and the conventionally placed cholinergic amacrine cells are Off cells. PMID- 6666065 TI - The responses of single cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the rhesus monkey to color and luminance contrast. AB - The responses of parvocellular and magnocellular cells in the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) were assessed to red-green color substitution at various luminance ratios. Parvocellular LGN cells lacking well defined color selectivity could be rendered unresponsive to red-green light exchange at specific luminance ratios. By contrast, magnocellular LGN cells could not be silenced at any luminance ratio. The difference between these two types of cells is attributable to the greater sensitivity of magnocellular cells. The results suggest that magnocellular cells are well suited for the detection of any spatially localized change, be it the result of luminance or wavelength change. PMID- 6666064 TI - Masking by spatially-modulated gratings. AB - Contrast- or quasi-frequency-modulated masker gratings consisting of three high frequency components (8.8, 11 and 13.2 c/deg) affect the detectability of a 2.2 c/deg signal grating, to an extent that is strongly dependent upon the relative phase between signal and masker. Unmodulated high frequency maskers have no such phase-dependent effects. This paper explores the possibility that the visual system's nonlinear response to luminance is responsible for these phenomena. A specific hypothesis is proposed according to which the effects of the spatially modulated maskers are due entirely to a distortion product at 2.2 c/deg caused by the visual nonlinearity. Although some of the predictions of this hypothesis are borne out by the experimental findings, others are contradicted. PMID- 6666066 TI - Postnatal development of optokinetic after nystagmus in human infants. AB - During the first few months of life after birth human infants when tested monocularly move their unoccluded eye nasalward in darkness after viewing a large textured visual field moving either nasalward or temporalward. The eye movements in darkness are optokinetic after nystagmus (OKAN) which is an aftereffect of a reflex horizontal following eye movement, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). Not until 4-5 months of age did temporalward field motion evoke OKAN with temporalward slow phase. The nasalward slow phase of OKAN that responded earlier to temporalward field motion appears to underlie the delayed development of reflex following eye movements in the temporalward direction. PMID- 6666067 TI - Disparity range for local stereopsis as a function of luminance spatial frequency. AB - The disparity range for stereo sensitivity was investigated with spatially filtered bars, tuned narrowly over a broad range of spatial frequencies. When measured with narrow (high spatial frequency) bars the disparity range for stereopsis exceeded two orders of magnitude. The range was reduced with broad (low spatial frequency) bars by an elevation of stereothreshold that increased according to a constant 6 deg phase disparity. The upper disparity limit also increased at broad spatial periods but at a lower rate. These size disparity correlations illustrate quantitative stereopsis along a continuum from fine to coarse disparities (+/- 2 deg). A disparity matching task revealed that greater amounts of uncrossed than crossed disparity were required to match suprathreshold disparities. The ratio of standard/matched disparity was lower in both directions for small suprathreshold disparities subtended by broad than by narrow spatial periods. This selective reduction of stereo-efficiency ratio illustrates tuning to coarse disparities subtended by broad (low spatial frequency) stimuli and accounts for the marked reduction of stereoacuity caused by spectacle blur. PMID- 6666068 TI - A comparison of oculomotor pursuit of a target in circular real, beta or sigma motion. AB - Pursuit of a point target in real or apparent motion upon a dark, diffusely lighted or structured background was recorded with a scleral coil technique. Smooth and saccadic components were separated and analyzed with computer techniques. Sigma-pursuit was superior to pursuit of beta- or real motion: smooth pursuit gain was higher, saccadic rate was lower and the detrimental effect of a structured background was smaller. Due to directional errors, smooth pursuit velocity often exceeded target velocity when this was smaller than about 10 degrees/sec. However, the smooth component in the correct direction of the target motion had a gain less than or equal to 1.0 and decreasing at higher target velocities for all pursuit modes, inclusive sigma-pursuit. PMID- 6666069 TI - Failure to find an absolute retinal limit of a putative short-range process in apparent motion. AB - Previous studies of apparent movement have concluded that the short-range process does not operate when stimulus displacements exceed 15-20' arc. In the present experiments, we studied a bistable apparent-movement display, one of whose perceptual organizations is mediated by short-range process. In both experiments it was found that the perceptual organization mediated by the short-range process could be made dominant at stimulus displacements well in excess of the proposed spatial limit, provided the stimulus elements were made larger. It is concluded that the spatial limit of the short-range process is a relative, not absolute, one. Current knowledge regarding the short-range process is reviewed, and an hypothesis regarding the functional utility of the short-range process in compensating for the effects of small eye tremors is advanced. PMID- 6666070 TI - Dark vergence and dark accommodation in human infants. AB - Vergence angle and accommodative state were assessed photographically in 3-, 6-, and 12-month old infants. In the dark, fluctuations of vergence and accommodation were generally uncorrelated among all groups. The vergence-accommodation functions obtained in the dark had a mean slope of 0.04. These findings provide evidence in infants for an uncoupling of vergence and accommodation in the absence of patterned retinal input. PMID- 6666071 TI - A model for accommodation in the young human eye: the effects of lens elastic anisotropy on the mechanism. AB - An explanation of the mechanism of visual accommodation depends heavily on understanding the mechanical properties of the lens, as well as the way in which its shape is altered in small accommodative changes. An initial attempt to relate these properties to a mechanism has already been performed (Koretz and Handelman, 1982) for the young (age 11 yr) human lens, using certain simplifying assumptions (spherical curvature on the anterior lens surface and elastic isotropy). However, since it has been shown that the lens behaves as an anisotropic body, the previous treatment has been extended to include the variation of lens elastic properties in the polar and radial directions. With this modified representation, it is found that only one combination of elastic constants is consistent with the generally accepted qualitative theory of accommodation and with clinical data on the accommodative range of the emmetropic age 11 human eye. For this unique solution of the equations, however, the general mechanism already suggested by us, which includes support by the vitreous and alteration of the magnitude and angle of application of zonular force with accommodation, remains little changed. PMID- 6666072 TI - Visible persistence: effects of luminance, spatial frequency and orientation. AB - Square-wave gratings of various space-average luminances, spatial frequencies and orientations were presented briefly to observers, who were asked to adjust a brief visual probe to coincide with the end of the longer-lasting, gradually decaying sensory trace of these stimuli. Visible persistence of 2 and 7 c/deg gratings increased with increasing luminance, and an interaction was found at approx. 6 cd/m2 between luminance and spatial frequency. The persistence curves showed a low-pass frequency characteristic at low mean luminance levels, whereas at high luminances, they presented a band-pass frequency characteristic. Persistence of a 7 c/deg grating was longer at oblique orientations than at horizontal or vertical orientations. These findings were related to properties of transient and sustained channels in human vision. PMID- 6666073 TI - Recovery at short intervals between masking flashes. AB - Recovery of a masked target (T + M) by a homogeneous flash (B) appears to follow a different rule at T-M intervals (t1) greater than 60 msec (Tenkink and Werner, 1981) than at shorter intervals (Purcell et al., 1982). The first study is now extended to shorter t1 and confirms the other study. Recovery peaks at a constant T-B interval (t2) of 60 msec (20 msec less than or equal to t1 less than or equal to 60 msec). Also a U-shaped curve relating correct performance to t1 was found (t2 greater than 120 msec). Two alternative explanations for the recovery phenomenon are presented. In both the important assumption is that the main effect of B is to suppress T and M activity at an early stage in the visual system. PMID- 6666074 TI - Effects of stimulus luminance and duration on responses to onset and offset. AB - The visual responses to stimulus onset and offset can be isolated psychophysically from the response to steady-state stimulation. Six experiments investigated the perception of onset and offset of dot bigrams within random-dot patterns. Onset and offset persistence were studied at two levels of stimulus luminance (8 and 45ft-L). Similar performance was obtained for targets defined by onset and offset; the lower luminance produced a decrement in response at offset. Onset and offset perceptibility were studied at six stimulus durations between 20 and 1260 msec. Effects of stimulus duration were distinguished from masking effects due to pattern offset. Decreasing stimulus duration had little or no effect on recognition of bigrams defined by onset but produced a large decrement in the perceptibility of bigrams defined by offset. A brief stimulus therefore seems to give a relatively strong on-response and a weak off-response. These psychophysical results are consistent with electrophysiological findings concerning on- and off-responses and contrast with the idea that persistence consists of a decaying trace of the steady-state properties of the stimulus. PMID- 6666075 TI - Subadditivity and superadditivity in heterochromatic brightness matching. AB - Heterochromatic brightness matches were carried out between bichromatic mixtures of lambda 1 and lambda 2, and a 100 td white reference light of 2 degrees arc. Two characteristic properties of additivity failure were observed. One is the asymmetrical property of additivity failure, that is a remarkable brightness reduction at the luminance ratio where the hue cancellation occurred. The other is the superadditivity for a mixture of a violet and a white or a middle-wave light. These properties were accounted for by a nonlinear vector model on the assumption that the opponent-color channels outputs were nonlinearly transferred to the brightness perception. PMID- 6666076 TI - Displacement thresholds for coherent apparent motion in random dot-patterns. AB - Two correlated random-dot patterns (A and B) were generated on a CRT screen and presented in rapid alternation; (B) was shifted horizontally by varying amounts in relation to (A) so that coherent apparent motion was seen. We found that larger shifts were tolerated if (i) the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was longer; (ii) if the patterns were optically blurred; and (iii) if there were fewer dots on the screen. Hence apparent motion in random-dot patterns may involve a global pattern matching operation as in stereopsis. Two uncorrelated random-dot patterns were alternated to produce incoherent dynamic "noise". A low spatial frequency sine wave grating was then projected on this "noise" and moved in step with the alternating random-dot patterns. This resulted in "motion capture"--i.e. all the dots now seemed to move synchronously with the moving grating. The effect could not be obtained with high spatial frequency gratings or with stationary dots. As a tentative solution to the "correspondence problem" it is suggested that low spatial frequencies are matched first and these matches impose constraints on subsequent high frequency matches--thus allowing the system to home in on a unique solution. PMID- 6666077 TI - Binocular fusion regarded as simple summation of monocular photopic luminances. AB - Binocular (B) and monocular (BM) increment intensity at threshold was measured on binocularly fused backgrounds of luminance I (30 cd/m2), or 2I (60 cd/m2). Simple summation (S) predicts S = BM(I)/B(2I) = 1. Mean results yield S = 0.99. The mean was similar in the 4 observers, and it did not change with absolute intensity at threshold, which decreased tenfold, as duration of the increment was increased from 3 and 240 msec. Simple summation of monocular luminances occurring during binocular fusion is the most likely explanation of the results. PMID- 6666078 TI - The incremental sensitivity curve of turtle cone photoreceptors. PMID- 6666079 TI - The Pulfrich phenomenon with eye movement. PMID- 6666080 TI - On the role of oil drops in colour vision. PMID- 6666081 TI - Light-evoked and antidromic activation of ganglion cells of the carp retina in a chloride free medium. PMID- 6666082 TI - [Dynamics of the meningococcal carrier state in a military group]. PMID- 6666083 TI - [Solitary nodular goiter]. PMID- 6666084 TI - [The narrow spinal canal]. PMID- 6666086 TI - [Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural analysis of myxoma of the heart]. PMID- 6666085 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid in acute arterial insufficiency. The effect of low doses]. PMID- 6666087 TI - [Comparative analysis of the surface roughness of esthetic external tooth fillings]. PMID- 6666088 TI - [Vaccination against viral hepatitis type B]. PMID- 6666089 TI - [Modern achievement in arthroscopy and arthroscopic surgery of the knee]. PMID- 6666090 TI - [Problems in the confirmation of brain death]. PMID- 6666091 TI - [Brucellosis. Case report]. PMID- 6666092 TI - [Care of soft tissue injuries in a garrison ambulatory care service]. PMID- 6666093 TI - [Tumor-induced hypoglycemia and bioelectric activity of the brain in cancer patients]. AB - Changes in bioelectric activity of the brain were observed in 56 patients with disseminated breast cancer which pointed to the activation of the hypothalamus. Hyperglycemia, with blood-sugar levels being 4-6 times the basal normal one, was induced in 16 patients by a single injection of glucose. As a result, a 50-80% transient improvement in electroencephalographic indexes was obtained, hypothalamic excitation subsiding and optimal indexes matching peaks of hyperglycemia. It is concluded that the said changes in the bioelectric activity of the brain in cancer patients are largely of compensatory nature and should be regarded as a response to tumor-induced hypoglycemia. PMID- 6666095 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with stomach cancer at health resorts]. AB - The paper deals with the results of treatment of 80 radically operated gastric cancer patients at a rehabilitation gastroenterologic department of a health resort at Morshin. Postresection syndrome frequency in this group was lower than that in controls: loss of weight--15% 27.8% in controls, dumping syndrome--25% 4.6% in controls, reflux-esophagitis--6.3% 9.2% in controls and anemia--11.2% of cases 15.4% in controls. Rehabilitation treatment was particularly effective in cases of gastritis of the stump, anacidity and enterocolitis. Also, it was followed by a greater decrease in the frequency of psychogenic reactions from 65.0 to 15.0% 58.5%--34.1% in controls. PMID- 6666094 TI - [Long-term results of treatment of 3,359 patients with breast cancer]. AB - The paper presents the data on 3359 cases of breast cancer treated at the Institute. A slight (4.7-7.6%) though significant increase in five-year survival was registered within 20 years (1955-1975). It had gone up to 64.7% by 1971-1975. A significant increase was observed in patients under 50 years who received an adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy (thiotepa and 5-fluorouracil). Mortality from distant metastases within the first 15 years after the beginning of therapy decreased from 89.5 to 68.8% and it was as low as 7.6% at later periods. PMID- 6666096 TI - [Role of endoscopic studies and cytogenetic indices in diagnosis of preclinical variants of cervix neoplasms]. AB - The results of colpocervicoscopic examination of more than 15,000 females suggested cervical carcinoma in 345 cases, which was confirmed histologically in 319 patients. A detailed morphological and cytogenetic investigation carried out in 36 patients with preclinical form of TIaNXMO invasive carcinoma of cervix uteri established a relationship of mitotic activity, pathological mitosis count and fraction of cells with X-chromatin, on the one hand, and the depth of tumor invasion, on the other. The stages of complex examination of patients with pathology of cervix uteri are discussed. PMID- 6666097 TI - [Planning of research in oncology during the XI 5-year period in medical institutes of Siberia and the Far East and interactions between colleges and the Siberian branch of the Cancer Research Center of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences]. PMID- 6666098 TI - [Potentiation of the antitumor activity of dioxadet by antiestrogen para aminobenzhydrazide in a model of ovarian ascites tumor]. AB - Experiments on rats with transplantable ascitic tumor of the ovary showed an antiestrogen--para-aminobenzhydrazide--to potentiate the antitumor effect of dioxadet. The mechanism of para-aminobenzhydrazide action is discussed. PMID- 6666099 TI - [Diffusion model of coordinated oxygen and glucose uptake by solid tumor cells]. AB - A model for consistent oxygen and glucose uptake by tumor cells is suggested. Oxygen uptake is considered to depend, under certain conditions, on that of glucose. Equations for calculation of oxygen and glucose distributions in cell spheroids are given (models of solid tumor in vitro). PMID- 6666100 TI - [Oncological characteristics of CC57BR mice]. AB - The oncologic and non-oncologic morbidity in intact CC57BR mice was studied over a period of 1978-1980. Tumors occurred in 23.5%, while malignant tumors were in 14.3% of mice. Benign adenomas of lung were the most frequent 10.9%. Malignant tumors included generalized reticulosarcomatosis and leukemia 6.8%, cancer of the skin 3.4% and single different tumors. Pneumonia and enteritis were the most frequent among non-oncologic diseases. Since CC57BR mice belong to a low cancer line, they should be used for various long-term cancer and non-cancer experiments. PMID- 6666101 TI - [Vacuum-curette for withdrawal of endometrium samples]. PMID- 6666102 TI - [Toxicological aspects of evaluation of carcinogenic activity of chemical substances]. PMID- 6666103 TI - Cultural context of medical practice. PMID- 6666104 TI - Curanderismo in Taos County, New Mexico--a possible case of anthropological romanticism? AB - Interviews with 25 Spanish-Americans of Taos County, New Mexico, indicate that time and acculturation have greatly eroded the belief in and practice of curanderismo, the traditional folk medical system of the Southwest. Curanderismo in northern New Mexico today has moved from being a primary and important source of medical care to one used alternatively and very occasionally in cases of pediatric disorders, chronic illnesses and pain, and for those maladies still classified according to the traditional folk beliefs. PMID- 6666105 TI - Ethnic elders and American health care--a physician's perspective. AB - The aging process is a fugue composed of innumerable themes; the theme of "ethnicity" is by far one of its more dominant. Due to the increasing incidence of chronic, progressive infirmity and acute, catastrophic illness, the elderly are thrust into direct contact with the health care systems of their society. The experiences of ethnic elders in American health care situations are fraught with conflict and mutual dissatisfaction with the physician-patient relationship. Both providers and consumers of health care services harbor differing culture-bound perceptions of health, illness and the healing process; these cultural beliefs define personal and professional needs and expectations and notions of how those needs are to be met by others. Both physicians and patients can enhance their communication and their compassion for one another by acknowledgment of cultural differences and by increased willingness to interpret motives and behavior within native context.It behooves us in medicine to examine the cultural traditions underlying our own attitudes, beliefs and values about the aged in a universal sense, as well as in a culturally specific sense, that we may gain insight that will be helpful in serving elderly persons more effectively, and in solving some of the problems inherent in the aging process. PMID- 6666106 TI - Culture and disability behavior. AB - A substantial amount of literature suggests that illness behavior in the United States is a product of a patient's core culture; equally credible findings do not support this contention. Most students and graduates in the health care professions believe that illness and disability behavior are affected by a patient's culture, but they are hard put to find convincing examples of that relationship. In experience with medical students studying the social and cultural bases of illness behavior, with patients who are disabled and with persons who claim disability in the absence of physical disease or disabling psychopathology, I observed no deviant disability behavior that was typical for the members of any cultural group, and no behavior was displayed by the members of one cultural group that was not seen in members of other cultural groups. No cultural stereotypes were upheld. I did find evidence that disability behavior is influenced by personality factors, social situations and the gains derived from the disability status. Evolving concepts of "entitlement," which are closely related to socioeconomic status, also have a significant influence. The impact of feedback from others in a person's many social and medical subcultures is a more crucial determinant of illness and disability behavior, except in those for whom illness and disability behavior is determined by the limitations imposed by the disease or by a personality structure resistant to cultural expectations and social feedback. PMID- 6666107 TI - Aspects of medical care of Soviet Jewish Emigres. AB - Soviet Jewish emigres are a recently arrived refugee group in San Francisco and in other cities in the United States. They have frequently been perceived as a demanding and complaining population, particularly the elderly, often chronically ill members. These behaviors can also be seen as positive survival mechanisms that have evolved in response to the Soviet health care system and cultural background. An understanding of that background and system, together with time, greatly improves the interaction between Soviet Jewish patients and American physicians. PMID- 6666108 TI - The role of a community-based satellite clinic in the perinatal care of non English-speaking immigrants. AB - In the provision of health care to non-English-speaking immigrants, cultural and linguistic barriers often deter both access to and use of needed services. This is especially true of the preventive health interventions such as perinatal care and family planning that contribute significantly to reproductive health. Alternative approaches to overcoming barriers to care are being taken in an urban health department clinic serving as a satellite perinatal resource to a group of low-income Chinese-speaking immigrants. The clinic, with service linkages to San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center and the Health Department of San Francisco City and County, is an example of culturally appropriate comprehensive perinatal care. Such an institution has helped recent immigrants adapt to their new environment and learn to use health services effectively. PMID- 6666109 TI - Cultural aspects of health and illness behavior in hospitals. AB - Health care attitudes reflect the basic world view and values of a culture, such as how we relate to nature, other people, time, being, society versus community, children versus elders and independence versus dependence. Illness behavior determines who is vulnerable to illness and who agrees to become a patient-since only about one third of the ill will see a physician. Cultural values determine how one will behave as a patient and what it means to be ill and especially to be a hospital patient. They affect decisions about a patient's treatment and who makes the decisions. Cultural differences create problems in communication, rapport, physical examination and treatment compliance and follow through. The special meaning of medicines and diet requires particular attention. The perception of physical pain and psychologic distress varies from culture to culture and affects the attitudes and effectiveness of care-givers as much as of patients. Religious beliefs and attitudes about death, which have many cultural variations, are especially relevant to hospital-based treatment. Linguistic and cultural interpreters can be essential; they are more available than realized, though there are pitfalls in their use. Finally, one must recognize that individual characteristics may outweigh the ethnic and that a good caring relationship can compensate for many cultural missteps. PMID- 6666110 TI - The changing Alaskan experience. Health care services and cultural identity. AB - Before Western contact, Alaskan Native populations were self-sufficient in their health practices. Slowly, the Native health care system was replaced by a Western one which was highly effective in treating infectious diseases. As infectious diseases were brought under control by the Indian Health Service, the emergent leading health problems were related to violence, attributed in part to cultural disintegration. New types of Native health providers and new Native-controlled institutions evolved to provide culturally appropriate health and mental health services and to promote a stronger cultural identity. PMID- 6666111 TI - Native healing in Alaska. Report from Serpentine Hot Springs. AB - Traditional Alaskan Native healing practices, specifically sweat bathing and hot springs bathing, have medical connotations in that they involve sociocultural factors important to practicing medicine among Alaskan Native people. At Serpentine Hot Springs in northwest Alaska, relief for arthritis, back pain, hip pain, headaches, skin rashes and other disorders was sought. The "treatment setting" was an informal bathhouse and bunkhouse and Eskimo tribal doctors and patients were assigned tasks related to healing. Continuity with traditional cultural patterns was achieved in several ways: meals tended to be traditional Eskimo fare, the predominant language spoken was Inupiaq and styles of interaction were Inupiat in character. All patients showed improvement. The experience reported herein is instructive for those seeking innovative approaches treating Native American groups. PMID- 6666112 TI - A teaching framework for cross-cultural health care. Application in family practice. AB - Significant demographic changes in patient populations have contributed to an increasing awareness of the impact of cultural diversity on the provision of health care. For this reason methods are being developed to improve the cultural sensitivity of persons responsible for giving health care to patients whose health beliefs may be at variance with biomedical models. Building on methods of elicitation suggested in the literature, we have developed a set of guidelines within a framework called the LEARN model. Health care providers who have been exposed to this educational framework and have incorporated this model into the normal structure of the therapeutic encounter have been able to improve communication, heighten awareness of cultural issues in medical care and obtain better patient acceptance of treatment plans. The emphasis of this teaching model is not on the dissemination of particular cultural information, though this too is helpful. The primary focus is rather on a suggested process for improved communication, which we see as the fundamental need in cross-cultural patient physician interactions. PMID- 6666113 TI - [Awareness of their own condition in peptic ulcer patients]. PMID- 6666114 TI - [Protease inhibitors in the blood serum of parturients in cases of acute and chronic fetal anoxia]. PMID- 6666115 TI - [Anatomical defects of the urinary tract in children treated in a pediatric hospital]. PMID- 6666116 TI - [Case of left-atrial myxoma]. PMID- 6666117 TI - [Hamartoma of the left lung]. PMID- 6666118 TI - [Case of abdominal gunshot wound with multiple intestinal injuries]. PMID- 6666119 TI - [Total gastric obstruction caused by foreign body]. PMID- 6666120 TI - [Giant primary liposarcomas of the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 6666121 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in renal vein thrombosis in cancer of the kidney]. PMID- 6666122 TI - [Leiomyoma of the prostate]. PMID- 6666123 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in tuberculous meningitis]. PMID- 6666124 TI - [Coexistence of breast and skin cancer in men]. PMID- 6666125 TI - [Unusual case of suicide of a patient with endogenous depression in a psychiatric ward]. PMID- 6666126 TI - [Lysozyme in the serum and granulocyte lysates of patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6666127 TI - [Psychological studies of children with congenital heart defects before and after surgical treatment]. PMID- 6666128 TI - [Recurrence in pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6666129 TI - [Comparison of the results of oral cholecystography, infusion cholangiography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gallbladder calculi]. PMID- 6666130 TI - [Remote results of the surgical treatment of cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 6666131 TI - [Distribution of ABO blood groups in women with multiple primary neoplasms - cancer of the breast and cervix uteri]. PMID- 6666132 TI - [Serum protease inhibitors in EPH-gestosis]. PMID- 6666133 TI - [Klippel-Feil syndrome associated with renal agenesia and heart defect in an 11 year-old girl]. PMID- 6666134 TI - [Acute agranulocytosis as a result of probable hypersensitivity to the preparation cinnarizinum Polfa]. PMID- 6666135 TI - [Lymphangioma of the small intestine mesentery]. PMID- 6666136 TI - [Telangiectatic granuloma of the oral cavity in chronic thrombopenia]. PMID- 6666137 TI - [Case of acute heptic porphyria in pregnancy]. PMID- 6666138 TI - [Multifocal and multiple malignant neoplasms in the female genital tract]. PMID- 6666139 TI - [Primary cancer of the Fallopian tube]. PMID- 6666140 TI - [Dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in various types of coronary disease]. PMID- 6666141 TI - [Clinical use of the "Solcotrans" apparatus for intraoperative autologous blood transfusions]. PMID- 6666143 TI - ["False negative" cholangiography in cholelithiasis]. PMID- 6666142 TI - [Adrenal gland neoplasms--selected aspects]. PMID- 6666144 TI - [Pattern of defect syndrome in various clinical forms of primary schizophrenia]. PMID- 6666145 TI - [Case of tuberous actinomycosis of the chest wall]. PMID- 6666147 TI - [Congenital partial duplication of the small intestine with ectopy of gastric mucosa]. PMID- 6666146 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the jejunum]. PMID- 6666148 TI - [Long-term follow-up in extensive surgically treated scalp avulsion]. PMID- 6666149 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in the initial stage of non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma in a 12-year-old girl]. PMID- 6666150 TI - [Bilharziasis in a 12-year-old boy]. PMID- 6666151 TI - [Clinical significance of immunological markers in hepatitis B]. PMID- 6666152 TI - [Social welfare for tuberculosis patients in Silesia 1928-1929]. PMID- 6666153 TI - [The localizing value of speech disorders in transitory cerebral ischemia]. AB - Clinical and angiographic findings in 30 patients who had suffered from a dysphasic disorder in the course of transient cerebral ischaemia were reviewed and compared with the findings in patients with permanent aphasia or dysarthria. The results of angiography differed significantly from those of the aphasic patients and were similar to those of the patients with dysarthria: in nearly 60% of the patients with transient dysphasia angiography showed no abnormality, whilst only 23% of the patients had lesions in the left carotid or middle cerebral artery. In the cases where the other neurological findings made it possible to localize the site of the lesion, ischaemia of the dominant hemisphere prevailed, but this correlation was far from being an absolute one. The patient's description of his own dysphasic disorder is not sufficient to decide whether the dysphasia is due to aphasic syndrome of middle cerebral artery origin, to anomia or to dysarthria. Thus, transient dysphasia appears to be a symptom of little localizing value. PMID- 6666154 TI - [Primary gallbladder cancer]. AB - 118 surgically-treated patients with gall bladder carcinoma and 407 autopsies recording this diagnosis were reviewed and analysed with a view to investigating the reasons for the bad prognosis of this disease. An early tumour stage was seen in only 5.9% of the surgical patients. A possible reason for the bad results even at an early tumour stage is undertreatment by simple cholecystectomy. In advanced stages of gall bladder carcinoma palliative operations have a better prognosis than diagnostic laparotomies. Prevention of gall bladder carcinoma through prophylactic cholecystectomy in the case of documented lithiasis failed to prevent gall bladder carcinoma in our group of patients because only 9% of the patients with gall bladder carcinoma had been diagnosed as having lithiasis in time to consider cholecystectomy as a preventive measure. PMID- 6666155 TI - [A cosmetically advantageous approach to median sternotomy]. AB - A horizontal submammary skin incision was chosen as approach route to median sternotomy in 36 patients undergoing cardiac operations. The low complication rate in conjunction with a cosmetically acceptable result makes this procedure the method of choice for selected patients. The potentially higher risk of infection should not be overlooked when planning the operation. PMID- 6666156 TI - [Risk classification of patients with acute myocardial infarct using two dimensional echocardiography]. AB - 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction were examined by means of two dimensional echocardiography, clinically classified according to Killip and the requisite CK peak level was determined. An echocardiographic score system was used to quantify the wall movement disturbances. The patients were subdivided into 3 groups according to clinical course during hospitalization (average 4 weeks) and these data correlated to Killip classification, CK peak level and echocardiographic score system determined on admission: Group 1 (9 patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction), group 2 (11 patients with complicated posterior wall infarction), group 3 (10 patients with complicated anterior wall infarction). Cardiogenic shock, left ventricular pump failure, life-threatening arrhythmias and death were defined as complications. Mean value difference of the scores between group 1 and group 2 were significant (alpha less than 1%) and between group 1 and group 3 very significant (alpha less than 0.1%). With respect to CK, a significant difference existed between group 1 and group 2 and also between group 1 and group 3 (alpha less than 5%). Killip classification was specific, but very insensitive (64%). The echocardiographic score system is suitable for the prediction of in hospital course after myocardial infarction, and is superior to CK peak level determination. PMID- 6666157 TI - [New aspects of megakaryopoiesis]. AB - Like erythro- and granulopoiesis megakaryocytopoiesis (MK poiesis) is controlled by specific feed-back mechanisms. Platelet production has been found to be regulated predominantly by the number or mass of circulating platelets. Our present understanding of MK poiesis is based on data from 3 major experimental areas, which are individually discussed in this paper. In vivo experiments on thrombocytotic or thrombocytopenic mice. Radioisotopic assays for thrombopoietin determination. Investigation by in vitro culture methods of megakaryocyte colony forming precursor cells (CFU-M). PMID- 6666158 TI - [Severe changes in the fundus oculi in pregnancy toxemia. 3 cases]. AB - Three cases of severe retinal changes in conjunction with EPH gestosis are presented. 2 patients showed 4th degree hypertensive fundus changes (Keith Wagener classification) and one suffered from bilateral exudative retinal detachment after an eclamptic fit in the 32nd week of pregnancy. The possible causes of retinal changes and visual disturbances in EPH gestosis are reviewed. PMID- 6666159 TI - [How good are publications on undesirable drug effects?]. PMID- 6666160 TI - [A new, non-invasive study method for the determination of left-ventricular function in patients with coronary disease]. AB - With the new development of the Nuclear Stethoscope-a microprocessor based cardiac scintillation probe-it is possible to determine the contractile parameters and the diastolic filling measurement of the left ventricle, after the application of Technetium 99m. Due to the high sensitivity and specificity a functional diagnosis of the left ventricle is possible to approximately 90%. The report describes our first attempts to determine the ejection fraction (EF) at rest and during exercise in 24 patients with diagnosed coronary heart disease. Of the 24 patients, 18 (75%) were already found to have abnormal, in that they did not have the expected increase in the EF. The comparison of the results from the non-invasive probe with those of the coronary angiographic findings demonstrate a good correlation Correlation coefficient r = 0.960). The determination of the EF of coronary patients at rest and especially during exercise, from the point of view of rehabilitation, is of great practical relevance, allowing the residual function of the myocardium after infarction and harmful overloading to be better defined. PMID- 6666161 TI - [Efficacy and tolerance of Proxen 500 mg film-coated tablets in coxarthrosis]. AB - 29 patients exhibiting primary and secondary arthritic changes in the joints (mainly patients with osteoarthritis of the hip) were treated with a new naproxen formulation (proxen 500 mg film-coated tablets). The tablets were taken twice daily and the period of observation was four weeks. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed on the basis of clinical findings (active and passive articular function and in some cases morning stiffness and articular swelling) and also the improvement in painful symptoms (night and spontaneous pain, pain on standing and walking). There was a distinct improvement in the clinical symptoms in 25 patients and unsatisfactory results were only obtained in three cases. Summing up, naproxen is a proven antirheumatic. The new formulation with the 500 mg film coated tablet provides a simplified dosage regimen and simple therapy for the physician with increased patient compliance and a lower rate of drug intake errors. PMID- 6666162 TI - [Pediatric aspects of success and failure of anti-D-prophylaxis]. AB - During the last 10 years 485 exchange transfusions have been performed in the Children's Hospital of the City of Vienna--Glanzing, about 25% for rhesus immunization. While the frequency of exchange transfusions due to hyperbilirubinaemia and ABO incompatibility could be reduced by 90% by phototherapy and phenobarbital prophylaxis, only 55% reduction was observed in connection with rhesus immunization. Anti-D prophylaxis after the 1. pregnancy had only been carried out in 5 mothers (seen as secunda or multi para). In the 221 cases where exchange transfusion became necessary, 196 mothers of these children never had anti-D prophylaxis. This corresponds to 98%. There were 126 women with multiple pregnancies without abortion and 70 mothers, where anti-D prophylaxis had not been carried out after abortion. Consequently anti-D prophylaxis, especially including abortions both natural and induced, could substantially reduce the number of rhesus-sensitized newborns, requiring exchange transfusion. PMID- 6666164 TI - The preservation of medical humanism. PMID- 6666163 TI - [Rhesus prophylaxis, decrees and administrative measures]. AB - In 1964 in Vienna it was decided to give the present of baby clothes only to those women who had their blood typed. In 1968 the application of Anti-rhesus-D globulin was recommended. Lower Austria was the first to start with the Anti rhesus therapy. In March 1969 it was announced by the Department of Health of the city of Vienna that Anti-rhesus-serum was given free of charge to all women. From 1975 to 1981 the "Bundesministerium fur Gesundheit und Umweltschutz" took part in the costs with 80%. Today Anti-rhesus-serum is given in all public hospitals free of charge to women after delivery or if a pregnancy ends prematurely. PMID- 6666165 TI - [Occurrence of selected mycotoxins in foods]. PMID- 6666166 TI - [Public health significance of the mycotoxin patulin]. PMID- 6666167 TI - [Changes in the function and morphology of the rat thyroid gland following oral nitrate administration]. PMID- 6666168 TI - [Prenatal toxic effect of oral nitrate administration in rats]. PMID- 6666169 TI - [Inducibility of microsomal liver enzymes of the tench (Tinca tinca) as a contribution to water toxicology screening]. PMID- 6666170 TI - [Public health classification of substances contained in the water according to the degree of pollution]. PMID- 6666172 TI - [Irritative and allergic effects of pesticide aerosols on the respiratory tract and problems of their evaluation]. PMID- 6666171 TI - [Irritant and sensitizing effect of the herbicide propachlor]. PMID- 6666173 TI - [Asbestos--quantitative determination using infrared spectroscopy]. PMID- 6666174 TI - [Epidemiologic surveys and possibilities of the control of the health hazards of asbestos]. PMID- 6666175 TI - [Effect of defined physical stress on mental performance with reference to the psychological regulation of activity]. PMID- 6666176 TI - [Disease status of oligophrenic rehabilitation patients--a criterion for successful occupational rehabilitation]. PMID- 6666178 TI - [Status of the human in the ensemble of social relations and in the psychophysical regulation of his life activity]. PMID- 6666177 TI - [Polyclinical and social psychiatric problems of masked depression]. PMID- 6666179 TI - [Recent aspects of therapy with androgenic and anabolic steroids]. AB - From the pharmacology of the therapeutically available androgen preparations and the clinical experience results that a highly dosed androgen long-term therapy is effectively possible only by testosterone esters which are to be injected intramuscularly (e.g. testosterone oenanthate). It is indicated in all forms of endocrine hypogonadism, certain aplastic anaemias and if necessary in extreme male high growth. In partial androgen deficiency (pubertas tarda, Klinefelter's syndrome, climacterium virile and others) orally applicable androgens such as testosterone-undecanoate (Andriol) and mesterolone (Vistimon) can be used. The latter is to be preferred when a hyperoestrogenism is present, e.g. in liver cirrhosis. When 17-alpha-alkylated oral androgens are used, their often not sufficiently confirmed anabolic effect and their potential liver toxicity should more be taken into consideration. PMID- 6666180 TI - [Drug therapy of hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly and Cushing syndrome]. AB - 39 patients with hyperprolactinaemia (32 adenomas of the pituitary gland, 7 idiopathic hyperprolactinaemias) were treated with the ergot derivative Lisurid. In 3 patients side-effects appeared which did not allow an increase to the therapy-effective dose. In all other patients with a dose of 0.075 to 6 mg Lisurid a day a normalisation of the prolactinaemia was achieved. A pregnancy appeared in 15 of 16 women who wished a child. In 4 men with normal gonadotropic reserve libido, potency and plasma testosterone normalised after the treatment with Lisurid. In addition of Lisurid also other ergot derivatives with prolactin inhibiting effect, such as dironyl, deprenone and propyldeprenone were tested. Here dironyl has an advantage showing less side-effects and no changes of blood pressure. The ergot derivatives may be used also in the treatment of acromegaly. In 7 of 21 patients with acromegaly who were treated a longer time we succeeded in reducing the level of the growth hormone below 50%, in 2 patients the condition completely normalised. On the other hand, a normalisation of the somatomedin level appeared only in 11 of 21 patients. Patients with central Cushing's disease only exceptionally react to the treatment with ergot derivatives. PMID- 6666181 TI - [The effect of vasopressin analogs on water metabolism]. AB - The effects of naturally occurring lysine and arginine vasopressins (LVP and AVP) were compared with those of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (dDAVP) and 1 deamino-4-valine-D-arginine-vasopressin (dVDAVP). The changes of minute diuresis, urinary osmolarity and the duration of action were followed. dDAVP and dVDAVP in a single intravenous and intranasal dose decreased the diuresis more markedly (3.5-fold) and for a longer duration (3.3-fold) than did LVP in patients with central diabetes insipidus. The administration of dDAVP and dVDAVP in the form of sublingual tablets also proved to be effective, where dVDAVP acted more markedly and longer (16 hrs) than dDAVP (12 hrs) in a single dose of 30 micrograms. During one week of sublingual dDAVP administration, the accumulation of the drug was indicated by the gradual decrease of diuresis and the increase of urine osmolarity. The misuse of such highly active drugs may even result in iatrogenic inappropriate ADH syndrome (Schwartz-Bartter). The danger of this syndrome will be demonstrated in a case history. Some more recently synthesized vasopressin analogues with antagonistic action on the diuresis may have an important role in the therapy of Schwartz-Bartter syndrome. The authors present their results with one of these antagonists [1-(beta-mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid), 2-O-ethyltyrosine, 4-valine] arginine vasopressin (d/CH2/5Tyr/Et/VAVP) both in Brattleboro and in R-Amsterdam rats. This analogue blocks the antidiuretic effect of both exogenous and endogenous vasopressin. PMID- 6666182 TI - [Hormonal contraception - possibilities and problems]. AB - The wide-spread usual habits of contraception plead for the fact that hormonal contraceptives after a longer time, possibly till beyond the change of the millennium, will be applied as the most secure remedy of prevention of pregnancy. The author deals with the hormonal contraceptives being at the disposal in the GDR, such as combination preparations, sequential preparations week pill, minipill, postcoital contraception. It is referred to the fact that the variety of hormonal contraceptives being at our disposal is fully to be used and the prescription has to be done corresponding to the hormone-depending symptoms on the basis of the anamnesis. Mode of intake, reliability, control measures, the pro and contra of an interval in taking the pill, the prescription to young girls as well as the subdivision of the side-effects on account of their clinical importance are treated. The criteria which lead to the assessment of innocuousness and tolerability are also to be taken into consideration as the evidence got by casuistics, controlled clinical studies and epidemiological studies and its possible misinterpretations. The argument takes place on the basis of the mortality risks for cardiovascular diseases. The necessary consequences are pointed out: establishment of the mortality risks on the basis of GDR-owned cohort- and trohoc-studies, differentiation of the findings not only according to the hormonal contraceptives in general, but preparation-specific, increase of the autoresponsibility of the user. PMID- 6666183 TI - [Side effects of hormonal contraceptives from an internal medicine viewpoint]. AB - Only little, partly reliable data are present concerning the frequency of impairing side-effects of hormonal contraceptives. These data are burdened with subjective opinions, do often not take into consideration the compound of the preparations, neglect prerequisites for epidemiological recognitions, overestimate individual descriptions and do not take into consideration the comparison with the moments of danger in the interruption of undesired pregnancies. Under this aspect the value of disturbing effects and contraindications are demonstrated from the point of view of the internist. At present there is no secure clue to genetic and endocrine long-term effects, also not for short-term lesions. Taking into considerations subjective complaints, the frequency of disturbing effects is relatively high. Cardio- and cerebrovascular complications must be seen in connection with associated risk factors. Women of the 35th to 45th year should take hormonal contraceptives only when they finish smoking and under careful control. PMID- 6666184 TI - [Pathogenesis of hematogenic tuberculosis]. AB - The article shows the main prerequisites of the pathogenesis of the haematogenic tuberculosis of man. An account is given of the latency between bacteriaemia and clinical manifestation of various forms of organic tuberculosis and they are illustrated in a table. PMID- 6666185 TI - [Computed tomography and preoperative staging of esophageal cancers]. AB - Fifty-two patients with proven esophageal carcinoma underwent thoracic and abdominal computed tomography (CT) prior to treatment. The mediastinum, lungs and abdomen were studied for evidence of direct invasion or metastases. Correlation with surgical findings were available in 15 thoracic and 29 abdominal CT-scans. Results indicate that experience of the radiologist is the most important factor in evaluation and in accuracy of CT-scanning. The extent of mediastinal spread in 13 of 15 and intraabdominal metastases in 23 of 29 patients were correctly identified. All errors were caused by false-negative diagnoses. The ability of CT to reliably predict the extent of disease can help the surgeon to plan an optimal therapy. PMID- 6666186 TI - [Chronic active hepatitis: recurrence after long-term immunosuppressive therapy in spite of normal liver histology]. AB - We report the case of a patient with liver-kidney microsomal antibody (LKM) positive chronic active hepatitis (CAH) which was followed-up for 12 years. Besides LKM the patient's serum was positive for thyroid microsomal antibodies, but negative for antinuclear, liver membrane and smooth muscle antibodies as well as hepatitis B virus markers. The patient was HLA B 8 negative. The disease of the 23 year old female patient began as an acute hepatitis which progressed to CAH. Immuno-suppressive therapy with a combination of prednisone and azathioprine led to a long lasting normalization of transaminases, gammaglobulin levels, and finally liver histology. Despite a normal liver histology after more than six years of continuous treatment the discontinuation of therapy was followed by a relapse. The presented case with LKM-positive CAH demonstrates that discontinuation of immuno-suppressive therapy may be followed by a relapse even if normal liver histology has been achieved under treatment. PMID- 6666187 TI - [Measurement of intestinal absorption: pulse or steady state?]. PMID- 6666189 TI - [Selected light microscopy and polarization optical studies of implant-bone interfaces]. AB - Implant bone specimen of inert materials and of the material BVK Ap 40 mended histologically. The bone specimen were both decalcified and carried to the polish technique after plastics embedding. The experiments were carried out in miniature swines (type Mini-Lewe) and rabbits. Microscopical and polarisation optical investigations were carried out. A connective-tissue membrane was provable at the interface implant-bone in all cases with use of the biocompatible material titanium. With BVK Ap 40 was observed a direct compound with the bone. PMID- 6666188 TI - [Mebendazole-hepatitis]. PMID- 6666190 TI - [Mechanically processable bioactive glass ceramics--a new biomaterial for bone replacement. 1]. AB - Anorganic materials as glass ceramics with their main crystal phase apatite can be used as biomaterial for the bone substitute. An interior compound between bioglass-ceramics implants and the bone was showed in animal experiments. The apatite crystals in the bioglass-ceramics produce obviously the start point for this fusion process. The shear strength of the compound is on average the eightfold of highly compact Al2O3 ceramics. The bioactive glass ceramics could solve possibly the problems of implant loosening and defect bridging-over. Mechanical processable bioactive ceramics was developed and tested with regard to these employment spheres. PMID- 6666191 TI - [Respiration rhythm-controlled electric stimulation of paralyzed laryngeal muscles--animal experiment findings]. AB - Patients with bilateral paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerves have primarily breathing difficulties. But on the other hand the common operations for widening the glottis produce voice problems. To overcome these difficulties a muscle stimulation device was developed, which is triggered by the inspiratory motion of the thorax. With this device impulses are transmitted by radiofrequency from a transmitter located outside the body to a receiver implanted into subcutaneous tissue of the neck and thence by electrode wires to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA). In the dogs with one cut recurrent laryngeal nerve the paralyzed vocal cord (VC) moved regularly with abductions at inspiration by stimulating the PCA. The efficiency of that stimulating device was proved by taking photographs of the VC-motion and by recording the subglottal air pressure changes. PMID- 6666192 TI - [The problem of immobilization following tenosuture--an experimental study]. AB - The course of repair of the transected and afterwards once more sutured tendines were observed at the superficial flexor tendines of the toes of the pelvis extremity in 46 adult rabbits by experimental investigations on condition of free mobility, of immobilisation with maintained muscular tension, and of immobilisation with excluded muscular tension. The macroscopic, microscopic, and mechanical control investigations showed the greatest mechanical density and the smallest connective-tissue proliferation to the environment after tenosuture by immobilisation with excluded muscular tension for 2-3 weeks and following immobilisation with maintained muscular tension up to the 6th week. The unique tenosuture without immobilisation showed minimum load capacity and heavy adhesions with the environment. The results were placed between these both groups after tenosuture by immobilisation with maintained muscular tension from the first. PMID- 6666194 TI - [Tridimensional localization of suspected mammographic findings and x-ray detectable foreign bodies]. AB - A method for an exact three dimensional localization of breast lesions by mammography and foreign bodies is reported. PMID- 6666193 TI - [Blood specimen collection and liver biopsy in miniature swine]. AB - The collection of investigational material means a problem occasionally during long-term observations of experimental animals. The described methods for punction of the superior vena cava and the percutaneous liver biopsy by means of a prostatic biopsy needle in miniature swine are carried out easily by one examinator without auxiliary personnel. Sufficient investigational material of good quality is to receive. Complicating factors are shown. PMID- 6666196 TI - [Dermatoses with localization in the mucous membranes of the mouth and lips - various recommendations]. AB - Review of some observations in the Department of Dermatology of the Medical Stomatological Institute of the Ministry of Health, Moscow. From 1200 patients with lichen planus, 32% had lichen only on the mouth and lips. 5 types have been distinguished: the typical type, the exsudative hyperaemic type, the erosive ulcerous type, the bullous type and the atrophic type. In 55% of the patients with lupus erythematosus, only the lips were involved. A pemphigoid-like condition of the mucous membranes is mentioned, but without skin lesions and without scar formation. 33% of 100 patients with erythema multiforme had only lesions on the mucous membranes. In Behcet-disease, circulating IgE seems to be of importance. In cheilitis exfoliativa, physical factors are of importance. In Melkersson-Rosenthal-syndrome, the active-T-lymphocytes and the lymphocytes with staphylococci antigene receptors are elevated in the peripheral blood. PMID- 6666195 TI - [Biochemical aspects of the inflammatory reaction - with special reference to oxygen]. AB - This article gives a synopsis of the inflammatory reactions as well as its mediators under special consideration of the efferent part of the reaction. There is no doubt that histamine, complement, and the kinin system play an essential role; arachidonic acid (eicosatetraenic acid) and its metabolites, however, have gained comparable significance: prostaglandines, prostacyclines, and thromboxanes as metabolites of the cyclo-oxygenase, the leucotrienes SRS-A (slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis) and ECF (eosinophilic chemotactic factor) mediated via lipoxygenase. Moreover, oxygen and its metabolites hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxide radicals (O-2), and hydroxyl radicals (.OH) as well as activated oxygen (singulett oxygen (1O2) play an important part with all aerobic living organisms. Inborn enzyme deficiency of the oxygen metabolism such as NADPH oxidase or cytochrome b-245 deficiency lead to chronic septic granulomatosis. The disease is characterized by reduced resistence against infections, decreased phagocytosis, insufficient killing of bacteria by leucocytes, and diminished oxygen burst. Thus the underlying enzyme deficiency leads to reduced formation of peroxide radicals frequently causing infections with septic complications. On the other hand, increased formation or reduced degradation of peroxide radicals may result in pathological reactions like chromosomal alterations, lipidperoxidation or oxidation of sulph-hydryl groups. The fact that increased peroxide radical formation may cause inflammation or chromosomal aberration is of importance with regard to the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology, such as systemic scleroderma or lupus erythematodes. The enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) converts peroxide radicals (O-2) into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which can be inactivated by catalase or peroxidase. Consequently, treatment with SOD may have an effective influence on chronic inflammatory dermatoses of unknown pathogenesis. PMID- 6666197 TI - [Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activity of circulating and skin-migrating leukocytes in psoriasis]. AB - The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reductive activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes separated from the circulation as well as that of leucocytes migrating into the skin collected by skin chamber technique was studied with a quantitative method in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and in healthy persons. The NBT reductive activity of the leucocytes migrated into the skin was significantly higher in the healthy persons and slightly but not significantly elevated in psoriasis when compared with the cells separated from the blood. The dye reduction by the circulating cells was enhanced in psoriasis. On the other hand, in psoriasis the NBT reduction by the migrating cells did not differ from that of the leucocytes in healthy persons. The most likely explanation for the lack of the enhancement of activation during migration into the skin in psoriasis is that the polymorphonuclear leucocytes are already present in the circulation in hyperactive state. PMID- 6666198 TI - [Pressure-induced pseudoangioma of obese women]. AB - Due to the pressure by the straps of brassieres, lichen sclerosus-like lesions have been observed on the shoulders of obese women with hyperplastic mammae. Histologically the lesions are characterized by hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and pseudoangionatous proliferation of the capillaries in the dermis. Elastic fibers are sparse, but there is no marked edema and only a moderate perivascular infiltrate of mononuclear cells. PMID- 6666199 TI - [Sigmund Freud and Dieter Wyss. The relation of psychoanalysis to anthropologic integrative psychotherapy]. PMID- 6666200 TI - [Art and therapy--approaches and necessity]. PMID- 6666201 TI - [The relation of clinical psychology and psychotherapy]. PMID- 6666202 TI - [Jaspers' concept of consciousness and the relation to psychopathology]. PMID- 6666203 TI - [Pathologic laughing and crying]. PMID- 6666204 TI - [Configuration frequency analysis. XIX. Remission-controlled increment CFA (increment pattern discriminant types) in a comparison of subjects awaiting therapy]. PMID- 6666205 TI - [Hyperthyroidism-induced endocrine psychosyndrome]. PMID- 6666206 TI - [Effect of varied pacemaker stimulation on left ventricular volume data--studies with radionuclide ventriculography]. AB - Left ventricular performance (parameters: EDV, ESV, EF, cardiac output) was studied by gated radionuclide ventriculography in 55 patients with ventricular or AV-sequential pacemakers. 23/55 patients were followed over 4-6 months. EDV and SV decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) and cardiac output increased (p less than 0.01) with changing pacing rate from 70-72 to 100/min. After 4-6 months a reduction of cardiac output was found in 15/23 patients. As compared to ventricular pacing, a significantly higher cardiac output was found during AV sequential pacing. These nuclear data indicate the dependence of left ventricular performance on pacing mode. From non-invasive methods an individual adapted pacing mode can be derived. PMID- 6666207 TI - [Relation between late potentials, ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction and occlusion time following intracoronary thrombolysis]. AB - 25 patients who had undergone intracoronary thrombolysis (ICT) during acute myocardial infarction were studied an average of 9.8 months after the event in order to test the effect of the procedure on the incidence of complex ventricular tachyarrhythmias, late potentials determined by the signal-averaging technique, ejection fraction, and left ventricular asynergy. The relationships between these findings were tested. ICT was successful in 17 patients. There was a statistically significant relationship (p less than 0.05) between demonstrable akinesia and dyskinesia, late potentials, and complex ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Akinesia and dyskinesia and complex tachyarrhythmias were found more often in the 8 patients in whom ICT was unsuccessful than in the remaining 17 subjects (p less than 0.05). In the latter group no relationship was found between duration of occlusion and the incidence of asynergy, complex tachyarrhythmias, and late potentials; occlusion time was more than 200 min in 7 patients and less than 200 min in 10 patients. It is desirable to hold occlusion time below 200 min if there is no collateral circulation to the jeopardized myocardium. PMID- 6666208 TI - [Quantification of atrial septal defects of the secundum type by subcostal 2 dimensional echocardiography]. AB - Visualization of the interatrial septum (IAS) was most consistently achieved by subcostal 2-dimensional echocardiography (s2-DE) as compared with the apical and parasternal view. This approach also enabled a quantitative assessment of isolated atrial septal defects of secundum type (ASD II). The study group consisted of 33 children aged 5-14, mean 8 years, with ASD II (2 patent foramina ovale) and normal pulmonary vascular resistance. A good correlation was demonstrated between the end-diastolic diameter of the defect measured by s2-DE and left-to-right shunt determined by the Fick principle (r = 0.89). With respect to the endsystolic diameter of the defect, the correlation was less favourable (r = 0.76). This may be explained by the greater variability of the maximal defect in size in end-systole determined frame-by-frame. In conclusion, the size of an ASD II can be evaluated with accuracy by s2-DE. School children with isolated ASD II and diameters larger than 15 mm, corresponding to a 40% left-to-right shunt, will need surgical closure. However, surgery is not indicated in defects less than 11 mm and shunts smaller than 30%. In questionable cases we would be in favour of surgical closure. PMID- 6666209 TI - [Effect of nifedipine on sinus node and atrioventricular node function following autonomic blockade in the human]. AB - The effect of intravenously administered nifedipine (7.5 micrograms/kg) on sinus node and atrioventricular (AV) node function was evaluated in 17 patients, 9 of whom had sinus node disease after autonomic blockade (propranolol 0.2 mg/kg and atropine 0.04 mg/kg i.v.). The patients' ages ranged from 18 to 77 years. After nifedipine there was a nonsignificant increase in the median values for sinus cycle length from 750 ms to 760 ms, for sinus node recovery time from 1150 ms to 1240 ms, for corrected sinus node recovery time from 440 ms to 460 ms, and for sinoatrial conduction time from 63 ms to 75 ms. Nevertheless, nifedipine produced a significant increase in the AV node refractory periods (median values): the effective refractory period lengthened from 300 ms to 305 ms (rate 100/min) and from 290 ms to 300 ms (rate 120/min) respectively. The functional refractory period increased from 380 ms to 400 ms (rate 100/min) and from 385 ms to 410 ms (rate 120/min) respectively. The Wenckebach period was significantly prolonged from 370 ms to 390 ms. We conclude, therefore, that in the absence of autonomic control intravenous administration of nifedipine exerts a mild depressive effect on AV node but not on sinus node function. PMID- 6666210 TI - [Prognostic value of preoperatively determined end-systolic left ventricular diameter in patients with chronic aortic insufficiency--an echocardiographic study]. AB - Serial echocardiographic studies of Henry et al. (Circulation 61, 471 [1980]) in patients with chronic aortic regurgigation (AR) indicate that preoperative left ventricular end-systolic dimension (ESD) greater than 55 mm and fractional shortening (FS) less than 25% may identify patients with reduced postoperative survival. We retrospectively analyzed the onedimensional echocardiograms of 33 patients with AR without coronary artery disease who underwent operation from 1977 to 1981. Twenty-three patients with ESD less than or equal to 55 mm (group A, mean age 48 +/- 10 years) were followed 36 +/- 14 months postoperatively, ten patients with ESD greater than 55 mm (group B, eight patients with FS less than 25%; mean age 48 +/- 12 years) 40 +/- 10 months. In both groups there were no perioperative or late deaths. In group A the average preoperative NYHA functional class decreased from 2.6 to 1.4 postoperatively, in group B from 3.0 to 1.5 (A vs. B: NS). Preoperative FS was 35 +/- 8% in group A and 22 +/- 3% in group B, preoperative ESD 44 +/- 5 mm in group A and 62 +/- 7 in group B. Three years after operation, end-diastolic dimension was 54 +/- 8 mm compared with 68 +/- 5 mm preoperatively in group A (p less than 0.001) and 61 +/- 11 mm compared to 79 +/- 8 mm preoperatively in group B (p less than 0.001). According to these data, a significant postoperative decrease of end-diastolic dimension can be expected in most patients with AR and ESD greater than 55 mm. The long-term prognosis of this subgroup is not so impaired as to recommend aortic valve replacement to asymptomatic patients a priori. PMID- 6666211 TI - [Left ventricular basal fibrous myocardial aneurysm in a 3-week-old girl]. AB - A congenital bulging of the myocardial wall is a rare finding; little is known about its etiology and clinical course. The case of a 3-week-old girl in whom rapidly progressive cardiac insufficiency occurred after a completely normal postnatal development is described. Selective ventricular angiography revealed ventricular malfunction and an akinetic area occupying 57% of the basal free left ventricular wall. The child died in acute cardiac failure. Autopsy disclosed a basal fibrous aneurysm which extended to 34% of the free ventricular wall. There was no indication of a coronary or inflammatory etiology, so a focal disorder of myocardial architecture was presumed. Congenital bulging of the ventricular wall can be divided into broad-based aneurysms and diverticula, the latter being connected with the ventricle by a small orificium. A further distinction can be made on the basis of localization and histology. A reclassification of the congenital bulging of the left ventricular wall presented in the literature showed that apical muscular diverticula are the most frequent, whereas only four cases of fibrous aneurysms were reported. Differences were found, with regard to the distribution of age and race, the clinical course, and the possible etiology. PMID- 6666212 TI - Quantitative angiographic assessment of coronary stenoses: problems and pitfalls. AB - A precondition for quantitative angiography is strict standardization of all geometric parameters, i.e., position of the patient and radiation-source-object image geometry. Correction for respiratory and cardiac cycles is equally important. When all these variables are controlled, the absolute size of a vessel can be a major source of error, since border recognition becomes progressively difficult with decreasing vascular diameter. Finally, contrast density, independent of vascular geometry, will induce errors by virtual magnification of minimal diameters. The results in this paper show the influences of image intensifier position, angulation of the imaging device, and contrast concentration on the geometry of model coronary stenoses when evaluated with computer-assisted quantitative methods. Increase of object-image intensifier distance led to an underestimation of size which increased with decreasing vascular diameter. Decrease in contrast concentration led to a significant overestimation of actual size, up to 20% (p less than 0.05). This effect could be confirmed in human coronary arteriograms (n = 11, p less than 0.05). In conclusion, realistic contrast-perfused calibration devices will have to be developed to replace wire or plaster models in order to control systemic errors that may impede the measurement of absolute vascular size. PMID- 6666213 TI - Contribution of dynamic vascular wall thickening to luminal narrowing during coronary arterial vasomotion. AB - The hypothesis has been developed that increased coronary artery vasomotor tone superimposed on a preexisting obstruction is a possible mechanism responsible for resting and exertional angina. In 18 patients (22 stenotic lesions), the maximal changes in coronary artery diameter (mm) induced by an ergometrine test followed by an injection of isosorbide dinitrate were assessed by a quantitative computer based angiographic system. If we assume that there is no change in the length of the artery as the result of changes in its diameter, then at any point of the artery the area of the arterial wall on a transverse cross section of the vessel will be constant regardless of its state of its contraction or dilatation. As vasoconstriction occurs, the luminal diameter decreases proportionally more than the outer diameter of the vessel and the wall thickness increases. Using elementary geometric principles, we calculated and reconstructed the changes that might occur at the stenotic sites as the result of vasomotion acting on the entire coronary segment. From the reference diameter in the control state (Ri:3.7 +/- 1.1 mm) and after vasoconstriction (Ric: 3.3 +/- 1.0 mm) and the obstruction diameter in the control state (ri: 2.2 +/- 0.9 mm), the minimal obstruction diameter after vasoconstriction (ric: 1.0 +/- 0.8 mm) was derived using the following equation: ric2 = ri2 - Ri2 + Ric2. In four of 22 lesions, the decrease in diameter of the lumen of the normal vessel was fully translated to the stenotic point and the decrease in diameter at the stenosis was correctly predicted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6666214 TI - Improved diagnostic yield of radionuclide angiography by quantitative phase analysis during resting angina and following isosorbide dinitrate. AB - The reliability of quantitative phase analysis of radionuclide angiography in the detection of wall motion abnormalities has been investigated in 15 patients with angina at rest. All patients have been studied in the basal state, during spontaneous or ergonovine-induced ischemia and following isosorbide dinitrate acute i.v. administration in the resolution phase. Quantitative phase analysis provided a more sensitive index of impaired wall motion as compared to global ejection fraction changes. Isosorbide dinitrate rapidly and completely solved ischemic dyssynergies caused by coronary vasospasm. PMID- 6666215 TI - Management of acute heart failure following myocardial infarction: hemodynamic advantages of isosorbide dinitrate over frusemide. AB - The immediate hemodynamic effects of intravenous frusemide (1 mg/kg) and intravenous isosorbide dinitrate (50-200 micrograms/kg/h) were compared in a prospective, randomized, between-group study in 28 men with radiographic and hemodynamic evidence of left ventricular failure following acute myocardial infarction. The diuresis induced by frusemide reduced the left-heart filling pressure and cardiac output and transiently raised systemic blood pressure. In contrast, isosorbide dinitrate was accompanied by a reduction in systemic blood pressure and peripheral resistance, with the result that the cardiac output was not decreased despite a large fall in the pulmonary vascular and left-heart filling pressures. The results indicate that reduction of excessive preload by venodilatation may be hemodynamically superior to that induced by diuresis in terms of both reducing myocardial oxygen consumption and maintaining peripheral perfusion. The influence of these contrasting treatments on the prognosis of these high-risk patients warrants further study. PMID- 6666216 TI - Oral ISDN for the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - In a controlled randomized trial the effect of treatment with 60 mg orally administered ISDN in patients with acute myocardial infarction was studied. Besides the usual clinical investigations, hemodynamics were checked; pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output during the first 4 days were measured. 509 patients were included in the trial. Based on other researchers' considerations about limitation of infarct size we formed a subgroup of 132 patients to be treated within 8 h after onset of symptoms. The mortality for the entire ISDN group was not influenced compared with that for the control group. If treatment with ISDN was started within the first 8 h after onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction, mortality in this group was significantly lower than that in the control group. In the group of patients receiving treatment within the first 8 h we found positive effects: a fall of pulmonary artery pressure with consecutive rise of cardiac output, mainly in patients showing high left ventricular end-diastolic filling pressures. In the treated group we found a significant decrease in arrhythmias and angina pectoris. When left ventricular hemodynamics were tested before discharge from the hospital patients treated with ISDN during the first 8 h again showed favorable results. We conclude that treatment with ISDN in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction is beneficial particularly for patients with high left ventricular filling pressures. PMID- 6666217 TI - Importance of venodilation during long-term vasodilator therapy of chronic left ventricular failure. AB - Vasodilators with different sites of action are used for long-term therapy of congestive heart failure, and selection of agents based on acute hemodynamic effects has been recommended. We compared the acute hemodynamic effects (by Swan Ganz catheterization) and long-term responses (maximal oxygen uptake during exercise) associated with isosorbide dinitrate, a predominant venodilator, captopril, an arterial and venous dilator, and minoxidil, an arterial dilator, in 22 patients with congestive heart failure. In eight patients isosorbide dinitrate reduced pulmonary wedge pressure by 29% +/- 8% acutely (p less than .001) without significantly changing cardiac index or systemic vascular resistance. In eight patients captopril acutely reduced pulmonary wedge pressure by 42% +/- 22% (p less than .001) and systemic vascular resistance by 27% +/- 12% (p less than .01), while raising cardiac index by 19% +/- 18% (p less than .02). In six patients minoxidil raised cardiac index acutely by 38% +/- 30% (p less than .05) and reduced systemic vascular resistance by 35% +/- 12% (p less than .05) without changing pulmonary wedge pressure. After 2-5 months vasodilator administration maximal exercise oxygen uptake was increased by 7 +/- 3 ml/min/kg on isosorbide dinitrate (p less than .01), by 3 +/- 2 ml/min/kg on captopril (p less than .01), and by only 1 +/- 2 ml/min/kg on minoxidil (ns). Thus exercise capacity improved only during administration of drugs with venodilating action, failing to change during treatment with the arterial dilator despite a reduction in systemic vascular resistance. Predominantly arterial dilators alone may not be suitable for long-term vasodilator therapy for heart failure, and the regimens used should include venodilating agents. PMID- 6666218 TI - Acute and chronic isosorbide dinitrate therapy in congestive heart failure: demonstration of improved exercise capacity and differing arterial and venous tolerance during chronic administration. AB - Thirty patients with congestive heart failure underwent a double-blind study after randomization into either isosorbide dinitrate or placebo. The initial dose (40 mg orally) of isosorbide dinitrate reduced resting and exercise pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillary wedge, and systemic blood pressure and pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance without improving exercise tolerance. Chronic dosing (40 mg orally every 6 h for 3 months) increased exercise tolerance and maintained a reduction in resting and exercise pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures and pulmonary resistance, while systemic pressure and resistance returned to baseline. Chronic oral isosorbide dinitrate (40 mg every 6 h) improves exercise capacity over a 3-month period with disparate tolerance effects on systemic arterial, systemic venous, and pulmonary vasculature. PMID- 6666219 TI - The mass transport of the arterial wall: effect of mechanical stresses and vasoactive agents, including nitrates. AB - Arteriosclerosis is a slowly progressing disease. It is important, therefore, to seek means of delaying its progress both in pre-symptomatic patients and in patients with circulatory disorders. Various features of the disease, among them the focal distribution of the lesions, imply that changes in blood composition cannot alone account for its occurrence and that a contribution must come from the arterial wall, possibly from its mass transport properties. We review recent findings concerning arterial wall mass transport. Movement of material occurs right across the arterial wall from the lumen to the adventitial lymph and it appears that the media may act as a barrier to the efflux of material from the wall. Work currently in progress suggests that among factors which influence arterial wall mass transport are the level of arterial blood pressure, endothelial permeability and the tone of the medial smooth muscle. Further fundamental study is needed but consideration would now seem justified as to whether the progression of arteriosclerosis might be influenced by pharmacological agents which affect the wall mass transport. PMID- 6666220 TI - Comparative hemodynamic study of IS-5-MN and ISDN in man--which are equieffective doses? AB - In a crossover study, the hemodynamic effects of 40 mg sustained release isosorbide dinitrate were compared with those of 40 mg isosorbide-5-mononitrate in 10 patients after myocardial infarction. No differences between both drugs were seen in the magnitude of their effects on cardiac preload. The onset of the effect, however, was faster after IS-5-MN and reached its nadir earlier than after sustained release ISDN. Thus, both drugs are hemodynamically equieffective in equal doses, but their effects show different time courses. PMID- 6666221 TI - Development of tolerance during nitrate therapy: dissociation of arterial and venous effects. A doppler echocardiographic study. AB - Using pulsed Doppler echocardiography as a noninvasive method to assess central venous return, nine healthy volunteers were studied before and after isosorbide dinitrate given four times daily for 8 days. First dose isosorbide dinitrate led to a drop in heart rate and mean arterial pressure, and right ventricular inflow velocities decreased. With sustained treatment effects on systemic venous return remained unaltered, whereas reduction in heart rate and in mean arterial pressure was lost. Regarding this disappearing response as indicating a form of tolerance, venous hemodynamic nitrate effects were unaltered by development of tolerance on the arterial side. PMID- 6666222 TI - Chronic treatment and tolerance with high doses of isosorbide dinitrate in a slow release form in patients with angina pectoris. AB - Nine men with angiographically proven coronary sclerosis and a reproducible ischemic response on the exercise ECG were treated for 9 weeks with a dose of 180 240 mg isosorbide dinitrate slow release (ISDN sr) daily. In the week before the beginning of the treatment (week 1) and in the week after its conclusion (week 10), exercise tests were carried out before and 1 and 3 h after administration of 60 mg ISDN sr or placebo. This part of the investigation was double-blind, cross over and randomized. In an open study carried out during the 2nd-9th weeks, exercise tests were carried out weekly before and 1 and 3 h after the usual morning dose of 60 mg ISDN sr. The interval between the morning exercise and the last evening dose was 8-10 h. Exercise duration and required level of exertion remained constant during the entire study. The sum of ischemic ST-segment depression during and after exercise, heart rate (ECG) and blood pressure (RR) were all measured. Both before and after the period of treatment 60 mg ISDN sr produced a significant reduction in ST-segment depression after 1 and 3 h. During the treatment phase no significant improvement in comparison to controls could be observed from the 7th week onward. However, even in controls the ST-segment depression was less in the 8th and 9th weeks than during the first few weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6666223 TI - Newer aspects of the pharmacokinetics of organic nitrates. AB - Plasma drug and metabolite concentrations were measured after single oral doses of 40 mg sustained-release 14C-isosorbide dinitrate to humans. The bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate from this sustained-release formulation was about 90% of that from a standard formulation. The pharmacokinetics of isosorbide-5-mononitrate were studied in humans after intravenous infusion (8 mg/h) and oral doses of 20 mg. The systemic availability of the drug after oral doses was 93%, its systemic clearance was 127 ml/min, its volume of distribution was 48.5 liters and its half-life was 4.4 h. PMID- 6666224 TI - Anti-ischemic effects of an 80-mg tablet of isosorbide dinitrate in sustained release form before and after 2 weeks treatment with 80 mg once daily or twice daily. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the anti-ischemic effects of a single 80-mg tablet of isosorbide dinitrate in sustained-release form are attenuated after 2 weeks of twice-daily administration. In order to follow a double-blind protocol with respect to the 12-h interval, we also evaluated, in randomized order, another group of patients receiving the tablets once daily. Parameters for assessment of the anti-ischemic effects were changes in exercise induced ST-segment depression and the simultaneously recorded left ventricular ejection fraction, as determined by radionuclide ventriculography. The ST-segment depression was measured completely blind; the left ventricular ejection fraction was calculated automatically with a clinically validated software. In the group that received the tablets once daily (n = 10) none of the patients showed any signs of attenuation of the beneficial anti-ischemic effects. However, seven of the 12 patients who received the tablets twice daily demonstrated significant attenuation. Thus, based on analysis of the presently available studies, in order to guarantee maintenance of the anti-ischemic benefits, a once-daily high dose of ISDN in sustained-release form (80 mg or even higher) is recommended. PMID- 6666225 TI - Dose dependence of tolerance during treatment with mononitrates. AB - In order to test the clinically supposed development of tolerance during chronic high-dose nitrate therapy, we studied a total of 24 patients with angiographically proven coronary heart disease at rest and during ergometric exercise (supine position, 50 w for 3 min). Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP, floating catheter), arterial blood pressure (cuff method), cardiac output (Fick principle), heart rate, and exercise capacity (w X min) were measured at rest and exercise before and during chronic (4 weeks) oral therapy with 5-isosorbide mononitrate (5-ISMN), 3 X 20 mg/day (n = 14) and 3 X 50 mg/day (n = 10). After acute administration, both doses of 5-ISMN decreased mean PAP at rest and during exercise (rest: by 25% with 20 mg and by 29% with 50 mg; exercise: by 30% with 20 mg and by 45% with 50 mg), whereas cardiac output and stroke volume were only reduced by 5-ISMN at rest. During chronic treatment with 60 mg and 150 mg 5-ISMN, and additional administration of 20 mg or 50 mg respectively lowered PAP at rest by 15% and 19%; during ergometric exercise PAP was 22% and 14% lower than during ergometry before any drug treatment. The exercise capacity slightly increased during treatment to 60 mg 5-ISMN, whereas it decreased by 25% on chronic treatment with 150 mg 5-ISMN per day. Our results show that acute administration of 5-ISMN in either dose (20 mg and 50 mg) exerts unloading effects on the heart and will increase the exercise tolerance. In contrast to the higher dose of 150 mg 5-ISMN per day, chronic treatment with the lower dose of 60 mg 5-ISMN daily will not result in drug tolerance. PMID- 6666226 TI - Hemodynamic measurements and exercise testing to assess the development of tolerance against slow-release isosorbide dinitrate. AB - Hemodynamic measurements were carried out during exercise testing with floating catheterization in 12 male patients with multiple-vessel disease and stable angina pectoris after placebo, after acute treatment with 60 mg ISDN, and after 4 weeks treatment with 4 X 60 mg ISDN. The acute effects of ISDN at the maximal comparable workload were a 32% decrease in PAd, a 41% decrease in ST-segment depression, and a 35% increase in maximal workload. After 4 weeks therapy we found an attenuation of the efficacy of ISDN, with only a 12% decrease in PAd, a 33% decrease in ST-segment depression, and an 18% increase in maximal workload. PMID- 6666227 TI - Antianginal efficacy of long-term nitrate therapy. AB - Forty patients suffering from angiographically proven coronary artery disease with stable angina pectoris were subjected to a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. The patients were divided into three groups who for 28 days running were given 20, 40, or 60 mg ISDN respectively, in sustained-release form, three times a day, and one group which received a placebo. A bicycle exercise test was performed prior to and 1, 3, 5, and 8 h following drug administration. The acute study was repeated at 14 and 28 days after drug administration. Following acute administration of 20, 40, or 60 mg ISDN SR a significant reduction in ST-segment depression was observed; between the ISDN-treated groups and the placebo group the difference was significant. After 4 weeks of treatment the mean reduction in ST-segment depression was unchanged. There was a significant improvement in the frequency of anginal attacks in all the ISDN treated groups after 4 weeks of treatment, but not change in the placebo group. Thus, no attenuation of the anti-ischemic and antianginal effect could be recorded. During acute administration there was a significant dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure at rest in the ISDN-treated groups as compared with the placebo group. After 4 weeks of treatment a considerable attenuation of the blood pressure reduction was noted in all the ISDN-treated groups. Heart rate and pressure-rate product did not reflect any uniform trend. PMID- 6666228 TI - Pharmacokinetics of isosorbide-5-mononitrate after oral and intravenous administration in patients with liver cirrhosis: first results. AB - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of IS-5-MN after single-dose oral and intravenous application were investigated over 24 h in three patients with liver cirrhosis and compared with normal subjects. The analysis of IS-5-MN in plasma was carried out using a gas-chromatographic method with electron capture detection. A two-compartment open model was taken as a basis for the calculations of the plasma concentration curves and the pharmacokinetic parameters. First results show that plasma concentrations after intravenous administration in the patient group were not higher than in the control group. After oral administration the peak concentrations of IS-5-MN were also no higher, nor did they occur earlier, in patients with liver cirrhosis than in the normal subjects. Our data also show the same complete absolute bioavailability of IS-5-MN in the patient group as in normal subjects, and the same elimination half-life of the plasma concentration response curve. We saw no influence of typical comedication, i.e., cimetidine or spironolactone on pharmacokinetic parameters in the group of liver patients. PMID- 6666229 TI - Hemodynamic effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in acute and chronic treatment of coronary heart disease. AB - Hemodynamic effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) were studied in 20 patients with coronary heart disease. Three hours after the first administration of 50 mg IS-5-MN we found a significant decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure, while heart rate and arterial blood pressure remained unchanged. Concomitant with the hemodynamic effects we found a decrease in angina pectoris and normalization of exercise-induced ST depression. After 50 mg IS-5-MN three times daily for 1 week the repeated acute administration of a single dose of 50 mg produced a fall in mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest (-25%) and during exercise (-20%), while the antianginal effect was unchanged. Six hours after a repeated single dose we found no change in hemodynamic parameters as compared with the control levels before treatment. The decreased effect on the pulmonary artery pressure under chronic treatment is discussed as a development of tolerance with decrease of venous pooling. The unchanged antianginal effect is difficult to understand, and may be interpreted as due to an influence on the coronary vessels and collateral blood flow. PMID- 6666230 TI - Nitrate-induced orthostatic hypotension and long-term circulatory adaptation. AB - Acute and initial treatment with ISDN provokes arterial hypotension and orthostatic dysregulation which may persist over a period of 10 h. Collapse as a potential risk has to be taken into account in the initial phase of nitrate therapy. During chronic medication, nitrate-induced drop in arterial blood pressure and orthostatic hypotension cannot longer be seen even after high-dose application of ISDN. From a therapeutic point of view these results indicate adaptation of blood pressure regulation to chronic nitrate therapy which is unrelated to potential tolerance in the venous system. PMID- 6666231 TI - Sustained antianginal efficacy of oral high-dose isosorbide dinitrate in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - Ten patients with angiographically proven coronary heart disease, stable exercise induced angina pectoris, and reproducible ST-segment depression were treated with ISDN tablets in daily doses of 240 mg (6 X 40 mg) and placebo for 28 days each on the basis of a randomized double-blind protocol with intraindividual crossover. On the 1st, 7th and 28th days of each treatment cycle an exercise stress test was performed 1 h after the second dose of the day. ISDN treatment resulted in a sustained reduction of anginal attacks, with a weekly rate ranging from 1.4 to 3.9 (mean values) as compared to 10.5 to 11.7 attacks during placebo treatment (2 p less than 0.001). Exercise-induced ST-segment depression during ISDN-therapy (constant work-load) was found to be significantly improved as compared to placebo: day 1, ISDN: 5.3 +/- 1.5 mm vs. placebo: 12.1 +/- 2.2 mm (2p less than 0.01); day 7, ISDN: 7.6 +/- 2.0 mm vs. placebo: 10.8 +/- 2.1 mm (2p less than 0.05); day 28, ISDN: 5.7 +/- 1.2 mm vs. placebo: 11.2 +/- 2.1 mm (2p less than 0.01). Heart rate in the upright position (tilting table) was significantly different between ISDN and placebo on day 7: ISDN 92 +/- 3 bpm vs. placebo 85 +/- 4 bpm (2p less than 0.001), but not on day . 28.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6666232 TI - Coronary vasodilation by nitrates is not mediated by the prostaglandin system: an angiographic and hemodynamic study. AB - The possible role of prostaglandins in mediating coronary vasodilation by nitrates was investigated in 13 patients. In nine patients (Group 1), the effects of ISDN on coronary-artery diameter and (in four of the nine) coronary sinus flow before and after administration of ASA were compared. In four additional patients (Group 2) the first ISDN administration was omitted in order to investigate the effect of ASA on resting coronary artery tone. Dosages used were 3 mg intracoronary ISDN and 1.0 g intravenous and 100 mg intracoronary ASA. Coronary artery diameter was analyzed by means of quantitative magnification coronary angiography. Coronary sinus flow was investigated by means of coronary sinus thermodilution. ASA was not able to induce significant changes in coronary artery diameter when injected before administration of ISDN or to prevent ISDN-induced vasodilation. At the coronary resistance level, ASA was not able to prevent the relative vasodilation induced by ISDN. It is concluded that coronary vasodilation by nitrates is not mediated by the prostaglandin system. PMID- 6666233 TI - Antiplatelet effects of isosorbide dinitrate in man. AB - Variable antiplatelet effects have been described for various antianginal drugs, including beta-blockers, verapamil, and nifedipine. To assess and characterize a possible similar effect of nitrates, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from 22 healthy donors was incubated with scalar concentrations (1.25, 12.5, 125 micrograms/ml) of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and with the vehicle alone for periods of 5 and 10 min. Platelet aggregation was successively induced by ADP (0.4-1.2 microM), adrenaline (0.8-8 microM), collagen (16.7 micrograms/ml), arachidonic acid (AA; 1 mM) and thrombin (0.5-2 U/ml). At the end of aggregation thromboxane (TX) B2 levels in PRP were assessed by RIA. A dose-dependent decrease in both platelet aggregation and TXB2 levels by all the inducers tested was demonstrated with both incubation times. Maximum inhibition of platelet aggregation was observed with ADP and adrenaline (72.0% and 55.6% respectively with 10-min incubation and the highest ISDN concentration. P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05 respectively). A reduction in TXB2 levels in PRP was also observed, but reached statistical significance (P less than 0.01) only for AA-induced TXB2 generation. For an in vivo study ISDN was infused for periods of 30 min at 4 mg/h in 11 angina patients, and for periods of 20 min at 30 mg/h in an other eight, under ECG and arterial blood pressure monitoring. ADP- and adrenaline-induced aggregation and TXB2 production, and determination of circulating platelet aggregates (CPA) were performed in basal conditions and at 5, 15, 30 and 90 min from infusion start in the first group, at 5, 15, and 80 min in the second group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6666234 TI - Effects of disease, route of administration, cigarette smoking, food intake on the pharmacokinetics and circulatory effects of isosorbide dinitrate. AB - The major goal of this study was to examine the clinical pharmacology of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) under various conditions of clinical use. Orally administered ISDN is subjected to extensive metabolism during its first passage through the liver. It is not known, however, whether the systemic availability and the circulatory effects of oral ISDN might be affected in clinical conditions under which hepatic blood flow and/or metabolic activity might have been altered. Sublingual (5 mg) and oral (30 mg) ISDN were given under fasting conditions on two separate occasions to (a) patients with angina pectoris (AP), n = 8; (b) patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), n = 9; (c) smoking AP patients, n = 7; and (d) nonsmoking AP patients, n = 9. Patients in group (a) were also given oral ISDN after a standard breakfast. Circulatory effects, i.e., heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressures were measured over 3 h after sublingual dosing and 6 h after oral dosing in both the supine and standing positions. Plasma ISDN concentrations were measured by gas chromatography over the same periods. The systemic availability of oral ISDN was found to be about half that of sublingual ISDN, but the intersubject variability was large. Thus some individuals absorbed oral ISDN as well as they did sublingual ISDN, while others only absorbed oral ISDN minimally. The extent of oral ISDN absorption was not statistically different between patients with AP and CHF, between smokers and nonsmokers, or between the fasting and postprandial conditions, although there was a trend for higher plasma ISDN concentrations in smokers. Food reduced the apparent absorption rate of oral ISDN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6666235 TI - Does isosorbide-5-mononitrate influence left ventricular relaxation? AB - In 25 patients, 21 of whom had coronary heart disease, left ventricular high fidelity pressure measurements, M-mode-echocardiograms, phono- and electrocardiograms were carried out before and 20 min after peroral administration of 50 mg isosorbide-5-mononitrate. Left ventricular relaxation was assessed by the isovolumic relaxation time, left ventricular max negative dP/dt, the time constant, T, of left ventricular pressure decay during the isovolumic relaxation period, and peak fall of meridional wall stress (max negative dS/dt). Following isosorbide-5-mononitrate the heart rate was not altered; left ventricular systolic pressure, however, decreased from 129 to 117 mmHg (P less than 0.001) as did the end-diastolic pressure from 15 to 8 mmHg (P less than 0.001). The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased from 53 to 50 mm (P less than 0.001) and left ventricular peak stress from 182 to 142 X 10(3) dynes/cm2 (P less than 0.001). Max dP/dt and left ventricular systolic shortening remained essentially unchanged, indicating that contractility during the isovolumic-contraction phase as well as during ejection was not influenced. Max negative dP/dt, max negative dS/dt, and the isovolumic relaxation time also remained unchanged. T, however, decreased from 54 to 45 ms (P less than 0.001). We conclude that peroral administration of isosorbide-5-mononitrate is followed by a decrease in pre- and afterload, but also by an increase in the speed of left ventricular relaxation as evidenced by the diminished T. Since T has been reported as being load-independent, its decrease either reflects a genuine effect of isosorbide-5-mononitrate on left ventricular relaxation or results from a diminution of residual ischemia. PMID- 6666236 TI - Assessment of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate and intracoronary nifedipine during ergonovine provocation. AB - In 37 patients with suspected vasospastic angina diagnostic ergonovine testing was used as a method of analysing the efficacy of sublingual ISDN in comparison with sublingual and intracoronary nifedipine on coronary luminal diameter, left ventricular ejection fraction, aortic blood pressure, heart rate and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. 10 mg of sublingual ISDN counteracted the ergonovine effects on left ventricular pump function and hemodynamics. The luminal diameter of the epicardial coronary arteries increased from 3.5 +/- 0.8 to 4.9 +/- 0.8 mm. 20 mg of sublingual nifedipine did not change the coronary luminal diameter within 8-10 minutes after the ergonovine test. After administration of 0.1 mg of nifedipine into the right and left coronary artery the luminal diameters increased in the same range as after sublingual ISDN. Whereas the aortic blood pressure decreased after intracoronary nifedipine from 170 +/- 23 to 153 +/- 27 mmHg with a concomitant increase in heart rate, no effect on the left ventricular pump function could be assessed. In the model of ergonovine testing ISDN has shown itself as a potent drug in releasing the ergonovine effects. Sublingual ISDN is as potent as intracoronary nifedipine in releasing the ergonovine-induced reduction of coronary luminal diameters and more potent in counteracting the ergonovine effects concerning the cardiac pump function. PMID- 6666237 TI - Two dilatory mechanisms of anti-anginal drugs on epicardial coronary arteries in vivo: indirect, flow-dependent, endothelium-mediated dilation and direct smooth muscle relaxation. AB - Potential mechanisms of antianginal drugs involve preload and afterload reduction and a dilation of large conduit coronary arteries without a substantial concomitant dilation of the coronary resistance vessels. We analyzed the dilatory mechanism. It consists of two independent components: a direct effect on the arterial smooth muscle and an indirect, endothelium-mediated, shear-stress dependent effect on the arterial vasculature. Therefore, we tested the relative contribution of these two components in the dilatory response of large coronaries to various antianginal drugs. In chronically instrumented dogs, the outer diameters and the flow in two coronary branches (left circumflex and descending) were registered continuously. A pneumatic occluder implanted distally to the site of the diameter measurements was used in one branch to control flow rates or to maintain constant flow, independent of arteriolar dilation. Increments in flow of more than 100% were elicited by i.v. injections of adenosine, dipyridamole, nifedipine, diltiazem, verapamil, nitroglycerin, ISDN, and molsidomine. All these agents induced a slowly developing dilation of the epicardial coronary arteries (by more than 100 microns), which reached its maximum 90 s after the onset of the increase in flow (while arterial pressure fell). When flow in one branch was experimentally kept constant, the epicardial dilation by adenosine and dipyridamole was completely offset, while it remained unaffected in the control branch with unrestricted flow. Thus, the dilation of the coronary artery by these two drugs is based on the indirect component, caused by the flow-dependent mechanism, in contrast to nitroglycerin-, molsidomine-, and ISDN-induced dilations, which were not affected at all by experimentally limiting the flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6666238 TI - [The significance of falling in geriatrics]. AB - Representation of falls in geriatrics. Medical, psychological, social and ecological causes in connection with medical points are analysed. Topics of falls, times of falls, environmental points, incidence of falls and results of falls, special fractures are described. At last some theoretical problems are mentioned. PMID- 6666239 TI - [Development and preservation of locomotor ability in the aged]. AB - For maintaining and developing motor mobility in old age motor activity is essential. We can take from the phylogenesis and ontogenesis of the human being how important physical activity is for personality development and for maintaining physical fitness in old age. Many phenomena, which have so far been thought to be due to natural consequences of the ageing process, can now be traced back to lack of physical activity. These findings are illustrated by examples referring to the most important subsystems of our organism (such as the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system etc.). To keep these subsystems and with them our organism as a whole functioning as well as possible, we must improve their specific adaptability through sports and exercise. Sports and exercise for the elderly as well as gymnastics for senior citizens should therefore adequately improve coordinative skills, the ability of the muscles to relax, joint flexibility, muscle strength, endurance, vegetative adaptability , stress tolerance, controlling body-weight, and resistance to infections. Training plans for the elderly should include as wide a range of abilities and skills and as great a variety of activities as possible. In this way physical activity will be most efficient as a means of prophylaxis against premature deterioration of motor performance in old age, it will maintain motor mobility, which enables us to lead an independent life. By gaining new experience older people will increase their well-being and improve the quality of their life. PMID- 6666240 TI - Is a certain degree of osteomalacia involved in femoral neck fractures of the elderly? Histological approach to the problem and practical applications. AB - A study was made in Geneva of 14 patients with femoral neck fractures (7 subcapital and 7 trochanteric) to determine whether a certain degree of osteomalacia might be involved (group I). No patients with risks factors for osteomalacia were used. For ethical reasons, double tetracycline labelling was not possible and osteomalacia criteria were based on osteoid tissue values determined in a histomorphometric study directly on cancellous bone samples of the femoral head. A comparison was made with femoral head bone tissue taken from 12 patients with hip osteoarthritis at a distance from the remodelled territory (group II) and with iliac crest bone tissue taken from 6 patients with clinically and biochemically determined osteomalacia (group III). The patients were part of a larger group of subjects used for a biochemical blood study in which levels of albumin, calcium and 25 OHD3 as an index of vitamin D content were determined. Based on the data of the literature and the results obtained for group II, slight signs of osteomalacia were diagnosed for only one case (group I), although 25 OHD3 deficiency was found in more than a third of the subjects in that group as well as in some subjects of group II and in some of the aged controls. Skeletal aging must be considered not only in terms of unavoidable physiological factors but also within the context of living conditions. Hence the necessity of controlling calcium and vitamin D intake in the elderly, and of a histological examination for signs of osteomalacia in surgical specimens from patients with femoral neck fractures. PMID- 6666241 TI - [Traffic-related mobility in the elderly]. AB - In connection with successful aging and high life quality of elderly people improvement of traffic-related mobility is an important aim of gerontological efforts. On the other hand, the speed, variability, and complexity of modern traffic situations in large towns often lead to great feelings of stress and anxiety among elderly people. Many older pedestrians and motor vehicle drivers therefore prefer to reduce their own active traffic participation. Beyond that the traffic accident rate is increased for elderly pedestrians and drivers above 60 years of age. Increased risks appear especially in connection with specific behavior tendencies and with special traffic situations. Risky behavior of elderly people is often caused or influenced by physiological or by sensomotor handicaps. But many of these handicaps can be avoided or retarded by compensation dynamics or by specific training. Another important aim is to influence the traffic-related behavior and the attitudes of elderly traffic participants as well as the communication dynamics between different groups of traffic participants. Some effective ways of influencing and correcting wrong behavior tendencies of elderly people are discussed. PMID- 6666242 TI - [Aging 2000: our health care destiny. International symposium. Houston, Texas, October 23-26, 1983]. PMID- 6666243 TI - [Osteon count and tensile strength of human metacarpals and basic phalanges]. AB - In a previous study the biochemical data of 45 metacarpal and 36 phalangeal bones of 21 male cadavers (24-69 years of age) were obtained by fracturing in a bending test. The present study attempts of correlate these data with the compacta area, the number of osteons, and the cross sectional area of the osteons. The relative and absolute number of osteons increase significantly with increasing age, whereas the average thickness of the compacta decreases significantly. The calibre of the bone marrow cavity increases with age. There is no correlation between age and osteon diameter. Ultimate bending deflection, bending breaking load, and breaking energy decrease following a reduction in compacta thickness or in the cross sectional area of the compacta. Bending tests on whole bones indicate that it is not so much bone tissue morphology, but rather the relationship of the marrow area to the total cross sectional area which is the significant factor in the bending behaviour of the whole bone. PMID- 6666244 TI - [Relation between atlas position, prognathism and prognathous jaw anomalies]. AB - The position of the 1st cervical vertebra is investigated in relation to special anomalies of the craniofacial morphology. Two extremely different types like prognathism and progenia are chosen to demonstrate an interdependence. The latter is probably caused by a different head posture which in itself is influenced by the maxillo-facial anomalies. With the aid of the literature the findings can be explained on a functional basis. PMID- 6666245 TI - [Aneurysmal bone cyst of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Report of 4 personal cases and description of an improved radical operation technic]. AB - This report presents results in 4 cases of aneurysmal bone cyst of the thoracic- and lumbar spine with inclusion of the vertebral body. A new own modified radical method of resection (transthoracic or retroperitoneal) for the total resection of the lesion is described. The defect created after vertebral body resection is filled with a homologous femoral head transplant (prepared from material removed during total hip replacement). For correction of the deformity (kyphosis) and stabilisation of the area of VDS-Implant System of Zielke is used. The results thus obtained are excellent, complications or recurrences of the lesion have not been observed. PMID- 6666246 TI - [Wear of the polyethylene components of endoprostheses following clinical application]. AB - 13 various hip joint and knee joint polyethylene components, previously removed from patients after an implantation period of 1.5 to 4 years, were tested and showed an obvious damage of the sliding surface. Macroscopic and microscopic investigations performed by light and scanning electron microscopy revealed an extreme wear of the polyethylene surface respectively an unregular wear at the component's border up to the mm-range. Additional specific X-ray and infrared spectrometric analyses proved in the clear majority of all cases the contribution of bone cement to increased abrasion and its influence upon the intensity of wear. Surplus bone cement which had not been completely removed from the prosthesis component or loosening of prosthesis components are considered as reason for inclusion of bone cement particles between the sliding surfaces. PMID- 6666247 TI - [The sonographic evaluation of hip dysplasia using convexity diagnosis]. AB - The authors report on a method of diagnosing up dysplasia by means of echography. For technical reasons only changes in the bony and cartilaginous acetabular convexity can be used to diagnose hip dysplasia. Four basic types of changes are distinguished to which certain angles can be allocated for the purpose of assessment. In addition to this assessment of the shape of the convexity the assessment of the structure of the cartilaginous and bony convexity in the echogram is especially important. The method enables hips to be classified and their development to be followed closely from birth with no radiation exposure; it thus represents an important extension of our diagnostic facilities. PMID- 6666248 TI - [Meralgia paresthesia should also be considered in coxarthrosis]. AB - Due to its variable attitude--and motiondepending pain symptoms meralgia paraesthetica may easily be misinterpreted as an affection of the hip joint or not be regarded as additional and sometimes chief complaint of that. Moreover our investigations show that meralgia paraesthetica is seen quite frequently in patients suffering from coxarthrosis. A case report illustrates the subject. Finally diagnostic and therapeutic proceedings are suggested. PMID- 6666249 TI - [Arthrography in extension stiffness of the knee joint]. AB - In the present paper the authors point out in the importance of arthrography in the preoperative diagnosis of stiffness of the knee joint; their findings are based on a study of 29 cases. The majority of the roentgenograms show the knees of patients who subsequently underwent surgical arthrolysis. The technique and special features of the procedure are described. The evaluated contrast films may be classified in three groups, the first including joints with a residual mobility of up to 50 degrees, the second including those with between 50 and 90 degrees and the third those with more than 90 degrees. Typical for the first group is an obliteration of the upper recessus and an omega-shaped form in AP films. Films from Group 2 only show constrictions of the recessus suprapatellaris. In the third group only slight changes are found, which in some cases could only be assessed more accurately by comparison with the healthy side. In cases of knee-joint stiffness due to extra-articular causes there is no correlation between the arthrogram and the range of mobility. The authors conclude that X-rays of the interior of the joint using contrast medium can be a valuable help in planning surgical treatment for fibrotically stiffened knee joints. PMID- 6666250 TI - [Operative therapy in patellar chondropathy]. AB - A critical appraisal of the results of conservative and surgical treatment of chondropathia patellae revealed that it has not yet proved possible to achieve a good surgical result in excess of 75%. Findings with a new direct method of measuring retropatellar pressure distribution on human specimens, and the knowledge thus obtained, are discussed in connection with clinical results. They show that more detailed knowledge of the cause of the chondropathy is required if surgical treatment is to be successful. PMID- 6666251 TI - [Operative leg lengthening, technic, indications and results]. AB - 30 operative lengthenings of the lower limb had been performed during 1967 til 1981, all of them after the method described by Wagner. Indication of this treatment was given by a legshortening from minimum 4.0 and maximum 15.0 cm. Twelve lengtheningosteotomies occurred in the thigh, two in the thigh under simultaneous shortening of the opposite side and sixteen in the lower leg. In eight patients resulted a complete compensation, in 21 patients remained a length -- difference between 0.5 until 6.0 cm., in one patients resulted a further legshortening in account of a pseudarthrosis. The following severe complications occurred: necrosis of the skin (n = 3 and infected pseudarthrosis (n = 2). In one case we observed a fatigue fracture in the lower leg when taking away the metal plate. All of these complications could be cured under adequate surgical management. PMID- 6666252 TI - [Computer tomographic evaluation of the lumbar syndrome in the degeneratively changed lumbar spine]. AB - Computed axial tomograms of the lumbar spine of 318 patients suffering from "sciatica" were studied retrospectively. In 66% of these substantial evidence of degenerative disease of the spine was present. This condition, if severe, may produce confusing scan data and consequently complicate the diagnosis of disc herniation. The phenomenon of posterior hypertrophic osteophyte formation being associated with disc herniation is discussed. PMID- 6666253 TI - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopedics with special reference to spinal operations]. AB - We report about our experience was the perioperative prophylaxis with antibiotics. We use a prophylaxis only in operations of the spinal column. In our opinion the prevention with antibiotics in other orthopaedic operations is not necessary. As an example we show our hip arthroplasties with a rate of infection under 0,5 percent. PMID- 6666254 TI - [Pulmonary complications following Harrington's operation]. AB - We report on a fourteen year old patient with pulmonary atelectasis following scoliosis treatment using Harrington's instrumentation. Changes in dynamic pulmonary function tests (FVK, FEV1, MF, MBC) and arterial blood gases are documented, therapy and etiology are discussed. PMID- 6666255 TI - [Arthritis following rubella immunization]. AB - Arthritis following rubella immunization is a scarcely known complication. It runs the same benign course as in rubella infection, but prolonged arthralgia can be observed. A typical case is reported. PMID- 6666256 TI - [Mycetoma pedis (Madura foot)]. AB - Mycetoma pedis or Madura foot is rare in central Europe but has a wide distribution in the tropics. In roentgendiagnostic there are a destruction of the cortical margin and lytic zones in the spongiosa. Older bone manifestations show sclerosis. Periosteal reaction provokes spicules and only seldom "onion peel" patterns. PMID- 6666257 TI - [Experience with Baycast plastic bandages and their possibilities]. AB - A new method of manufacturing temporary orthoses is described. Immobilization--as much as necessary and as little as possible--is attainable with these orthoses, which reduce damage by immobilization and simplify rehabilitation. Recommendation to the manufacture regarding the characteristics of the material and accessory aids are presented. PMID- 6666258 TI - [Abnormal hypertrophy of the nuchal and supraspinal ligament. A case report]. AB - It is reported about hypertrophy of the nuchae ligament in an 28 year old woman. After operation (extirpation) the mobility of the cervical spinal column was nearly free and the permanent headache of the patient had gone. PMID- 6666259 TI - [Clinical experiences with Wilhelm's method of wrist joint denervation]. AB - Wrist joint denervation for treatment of painful arthrosis was carried out in 36 patients in the last five years. 33 Patients could be followed up. Besides subjective reports on pain and maximum stress, strength, mobility and the X-ray of the wrist-joint were also considered in the evaluation of the results. As a whole, a success rate of 84% could be attained. We have not observed disorders of sensitivity or trophic alterations. An increase of symptoms after the second postoperative year was noteworthy. PMID- 6666260 TI - Screening hospital employees for colorectal cancer. PMID- 6666261 TI - Interstitial pulmonary edema due to hydrochlorothiazide: case report. PMID- 6666262 TI - Sickle cell disease: acute splenic sequestration crisis. PMID- 6666263 TI - Histologic characteristics of myelodysplasia. PMID- 6666265 TI - [Histopathology and clinical course of chronic, myeloproliferative diseases]. PMID- 6666264 TI - [Kinetics and differentiation of leukemia cells]. PMID- 6666266 TI - [Chronic myeloproliferative diseases]. PMID- 6666267 TI - [Familial fatal lymphoproliferative disease with histiocytosis and hemophagocytosis]. PMID- 6666268 TI - [Pathogenetic principles and classification of anemias]. PMID- 6666269 TI - [Pathology of anemias]. PMID- 6666270 TI - [Erythroblastopenia in childhood]. PMID- 6666271 TI - [Hemolytic anemia in infections caused by neuraminidase-producing bacteria]. PMID- 6666273 TI - [Anaplastic myeloma and immunoblastic lymphoma: a comparison]. PMID- 6666272 TI - [Pathology of the kidney in myeloma]. PMID- 6666275 TI - [DNA-content and form of the cell nucleus in plasma-cell leukemia]. PMID- 6666274 TI - [Prognostic value of the degree of morphologic differentiation in multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6666276 TI - [Malignant (undifferentiated) round-cell tumor of bone marrow in childhood]. PMID- 6666278 TI - [Iliac crest biopsy as an indicator in the diagnosis of rare diseases]. PMID- 6666277 TI - [Polyploidy patterns of megakaryocytes in patients with thrombotic paraneoplasia and in controls]. PMID- 6666279 TI - [Malignant histiocytosis in childhood]. PMID- 6666280 TI - [Clinical course of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, with special reference to chronic lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6666281 TI - [Histology of bone marrow biopsies of malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 6666282 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the bone marrow: their classification using Kiel's method, and their form of infiltration with reference to their clinical course]. PMID- 6666283 TI - [Malignant lymphomas and leukemias of the central nervous system]. PMID- 6666284 TI - [Incidence of epitheloid cell lymphogranulomatosis in bone marrow]. PMID- 6666285 TI - [Cytology and histology of normal human bone marrow]. PMID- 6666286 TI - The general growth hypothesis. PMID- 6666287 TI - [Trends in hemodialysis]. PMID- 6666288 TI - [Risks in gynecologic surgery in various periods of life in women]. PMID- 6666289 TI - [Chemical and pharmacological study of flavones in Thymus satureioides]. PMID- 6666290 TI - [Infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 6666291 TI - [Experimental viral carditis]. PMID- 6666292 TI - [Cellular basis and therapy of immunologic autoaggression]. PMID- 6666293 TI - [Humoral immunologic effector mechanisms in perimyocarditis]. PMID- 6666294 TI - [Viral myocarditis: symptomatology, clinical diagnosis and hemodynamics]. PMID- 6666295 TI - Endomyocardial biopsy and viral heart disease. PMID- 6666296 TI - [Pericarditis: clinical course, hemodynamics and problems of differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6666297 TI - [Differential diagnostic demarcations of infectious and non-infectious myocardial diseases]. PMID- 6666298 TI - [Viral heart disease: practical consequences]. PMID- 6666299 TI - [Pharmacologic aspects of long-term drug therapy]. PMID- 6666300 TI - [Results of special treatment methods for ischemic tissue lesions (stage IV of arterial occlusive disease)]. PMID- 6666301 TI - [Indications and results of extracranial cerebral artery reconstruction]. PMID- 6666302 TI - [Late results of fibrinolysis therapy of venous thrombosis]. PMID- 6666303 TI - [Ventricular heart-rhythm disorders - sudden cardiac death: results of long-term drug therapy]. PMID- 6666304 TI - [Surgical aspects of heart-valve endocarditis]. PMID- 6666305 TI - [A critical consideration of drug therapy in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6666306 TI - [Unstable angina pectoris]. PMID- 6666307 TI - [Unstable angina pectoris: surgical treatment]. PMID- 6666308 TI - [Pathophysiology and clinical course of lung embolism]. PMID- 6666309 TI - Continuous monitoring in intensive cardiac care. Integrating new methods into an old and trusted practice. PMID- 6666310 TI - [The use of echocardiography in cardiac emergency medicine]. PMID- 6666311 TI - [Blood coagulation problems in cardiologic intensive care]. PMID- 6666312 TI - [Monitoring during artificial respiration]. PMID- 6666313 TI - [Drug monitoring in intensive care]. PMID- 6666314 TI - [Use of radionuclide methods in cardiologic intensive care]. PMID- 6666315 TI - [Live influenza vaccine]. PMID- 6666316 TI - [Subvirion influenza vaccines: a subunit (glycoprotein) trivalent preparation Grippovac SE-AZh for immunization against influenza in children and persons with chronic pathology]. PMID- 6666317 TI - [Achievements and prospects of the specific prophylaxis of viral diseases]. PMID- 6666318 TI - [Viral infections in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6666319 TI - [Influenza: the status of the problem and the prospects for its resolution]. PMID- 6666320 TI - [Virological research in the eastern USSR]. PMID- 6666321 TI - [Problems of virology in Siberia and the Far North]. PMID- 6666322 TI - [Physiology of higher nervous activity and dialectic of scientific research (collective experience in solving current methodologic problems in brain research)]. AB - Structural shifts in neuroscience, the development of new investigatory approaches and appearance of new interdisciplinary problems--all this induces nowadays the followers of Pavlov and Sechenov traditions of brain and behavior study in the USSR in many aspects to see in a new way the aims and perspectives of further development of physiology of higher nervous activity. Success and difficulties of these collective methodological searches, their points of convergence and divergence with the ideas of their foreign colleagues, with modern conceptions in genetics, psychology and informatics, their point of view at the future of neuroscience--that is the object of the author's analysis. PMID- 6666323 TI - [Elaboration of a conditioned reflex in chronic alcoholics using an unrecognizable motivationally significant word]. AB - 20 patients suffering from chronic alcoholism and 10 healthy, righthanded persons with normal sight were examined. Alcoholics were trained to elaborate a temporary connection by means of unrecognized significant word "vodka" related to their dominant motivation. The amplitude of the late positive response P300 was greater and its latency was shorter comparing with responses to neutral words. The latency of P300 potential to a conditioned stimulus combined with the word "vodka" is reduced in all recorded areas, especially in the left occipital zone. Healthy persons did not manifest this facilitation. The amplitude of the potential considerably decreased in all recorded areas (occipital, parieto temporo-occipital and central) especially in the left hemisphere. Conditioned changes of the P300 wave during conditioning by means of the unrecognized stimulus are stable and do not extinct despite multiple signal presentations without pairing with the significant word. The formation of conditioned connections by means of unrecognized stimulus in patients suffering from chronic alcoholism suggests that a certain role in psychical dependence upon alcohol may be played by unrecognized stimuli. PMID- 6666324 TI - [Experimental study of the emotionality of drama school students]. AB - The students making a good progress in studying the principles of actor's profession can learn rather easily to control at will the vegetative skin galvanic reaction by means of mentally conceiving emotionally coloured situations and by means of visual feedback. This group of subjects is characterised by an emotiogenous increase of the heart rate of moderate absolute value and by Taylor's level of alarm which does not overstep the average statistic norm. The professional progress of students does not correlate with Eysenk index of emotional lability. PMID- 6666325 TI - [Physiologic evaluation of possibilities of processing increasing volumes of visual information by human operators]. AB - On the base of studying the changes in complex physiological index of the difficulties in the operator's activity during processing of increasing volumes of visual information in conditions of time deficit, physiological reserves of operators organism, their maximum possible capacity and time informational load are predicted. PMID- 6666326 TI - [Integration of conditioned reflex systems in intact and callosotomized dogs]. AB - Characteristics of integrative activity were studied by Kupalov's method of situational conditioned reflexes in 2 groups of dogs with complete section of the callosal body and in group of intact animals. The dogs of the first group were callosotomized before the formation of the conditioned reflex systems, the dogs of the second group--after their stabilization. The level of the reflex systems integration in the first group was considerably lower than in the second one. This testifies to a special role of the callosal body in the initial period of formation of complex conditioned systems. The callosotomized dogs developed inertia of nervous processes which was manifested in slowing down of formation and of adaptive realization of reactions during integration of various reflex systems. It was shown that the integrative activity is provided for by the interaction of cerebral hemispheres at different structural levels. PMID- 6666327 TI - [Functional status of brain structures during exposure to anticipatory and trigger signals for feeding behavior]. AB - The difference index of functional states of brain structures (the hippocampus, amygdala, frontal cortex) was estimated in dogs under the action of anticipating and triggering signals of a complex conditioned stimulus consisting of two similar tones, divided by a pause. It was found that during both signals the functional states of the brain structures were equivalent, though food-procuring behaviour of the animals under the action of the anticipating stimulus was inhibited. This fact corroborates the assumption that reactions of inhibitory type are determined by a high level of the brain structures functional state. PMID- 6666328 TI - [Effect of animal rearing conditions on their ability to solve extrapolation problems]. AB - The ability for elementary rational activity (Krushinsky, 1977) was analysed in various animals (crows, foxes, cats, rats). The animals raised in "enriched" environment solved an extrapolation problem as successfully as those raised in "impoverished" environment. The question requires further investigation. PMID- 6666329 TI - [Formation of conditioned reflexes to a complex stimulus in the cat during early ontogeny]. AB - Formation of conditioned reflexes to the simultaneous complex stimulus (light + tone) was studied in young kittens during the second and third months of their life. "Go-no-go"--paradigm was used. Kittens learned to differentiate between the complex stimulus versus its components. The rate formation of positive and inhibitory reflexes was compared in young kittens and adult cats. It was found that kittens were able to solve this task during the second and third months of their life. However, the formation rate of inhibitory reaction to different components of the complex stimulus increased between the second and third months. PMID- 6666331 TI - [Activity of neurons of the motor zone of the cortex during elaboration of a local instrumental defensive reflex in the rabbit]. AB - During instrumental defensive reaction of wrist extension in response to a sound (conditioned) stimulus, two types of neuronal responses in the rabbit motor cortex were discovered. The first type was recorded in cells with activity not connected with electromyographic activity of wrist extensors. The reaction consisted in the appearance of inhibitory response at the place of the cancelled electrocutaneous stimulation at animal's performance of conditioned reaction to sound. The second type of responses was shown for a neurone with the activity significantly related to electromyographic activity. In this case the conditioned motor response was accompanied by enhancement of the cellular activation reaction to sound and the increase of spike activity in interstimuli intervals. PMID- 6666330 TI - [Tonic component of the conditioned reflex process and its functional role]. AB - Tonic background activity of 266 neurones in the hippocampus and different neocortical areas was studied in freely moving rabbits in the process of defensive and food instrumental conditioned performance and during switching-over of instrumental and classical food and defensive reflexes. Associations of CS and reinforcement evoke background activity changes in most of recorded cortical neurones preceding the development of other conditioned manifestations. Conditioned reflex was performed only after reaching the background firing rate of almost every examined neurone optimal for its realization. The performance of different conditioned reflexes was associated with different background activity levels of cortical neurones. The above mentioned data form the experimental basis for the identification of the tonic component in conditioned process which reflects tonic character of temporary connection formation and function. PMID- 6666332 TI - [Participation of neurons of the associative cerebral cortex in the formation of a conditioned defensive reflex]. AB - Neuronal activity was recorded in the frontal lateral gyrus of waking unanesthetized cats in the process of defensive conditioning. It has been found that at the beginning of learning, the frequency of neuronal prestimulus impulse activity was the highest and the ratio of neurones with tonic excitatory responses to conditioned stimulus was maximal. In the course of reflex elaboration, the frequency of prestimulus neuronal discharges decreased, and tonic excitatory responses gave place to phasic ones. In consolidated reflexes, conditioned responses of neurones in the associative cortex were mainly inhibitory; the correlation of the discharges frequency of the neighbouring nerve cells increased comparatively with the beginning of learning. PMID- 6666333 TI - [Effect of enkephalins on the motor activity and behavior of rats in "open field" conditions]. AB - It is shown that leu-enkephalin, injected intraperitoneally in doses of 0.15 and 1.0 mg/kg lowers general motor activity of rats in "Animex" apparatus in 10-30 min after the injection. D-substituted analogue of leu-enkephalin D-Ala-D-Leu enkephalin (0.15 mg/kg) lowers the motor activity already in first 5 min after injection. Met-enkephalin, DALA and morphine in a dose of 0.15 mg/kg do not change the general motor activity of rats in "Animex". Concentration raise of opiate ligands to 1.0 mg/kg does not lead to the development of significant effect in the case of met-enkephalin, but elicits an increase of motor activity under the action of morphine to 25-30 min after injection. During the study of animals' behaviour in "the open field" the leu-enkephalin and D-Ala-D-Leu enkephalin lower the level of certain emotional reactions in rats, while met enkephalin and DALA are not effective. PMID- 6666334 TI - [Reproduction of electrographic correlates of a conditioned reflex after changes in the activity of the noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems]. AB - On the model of shortly delayed defensive conditioned reflex in cats, it was shown in acute experiments that pharmacologically elicited change of NA system activity (clonidine, 0.2 and 1.5 mg/kg intravenously) and of DA system activity (apomorphine, 3 mg/kg intravenously) leads to a definite manifestation of electrographic correlates of memory trace, i.e. of conditioned evoked potential (EP) in examined brain structures, as well as of conditioned neurographic response (CNR) and conditioned skin-galvanic reaction (SGR). The increase of the NA system activity causes a rise of the number of conditioned EPs in the reticular formation, hippocampus and preoptic area along with an enhancement of CNR reproduction. The increase of the DA system activity contributes to the appearance of conditioned EPs in the hippocampus, amygdalar complex and central gray matter, together with an enhancement of the reproduction of conditioned SGR. PMID- 6666335 TI - [Effect of monoamines microinjected into the amygdaloid nucleus on the lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation response]. AB - The effect of serotonin and noradrenaline injections in the amygdalar nuclei on the reaction of self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus was studied in rats. The increase of exogenous serotonin level in the amygdala phasically intensified the self-stimulation and activated emotionally negative forms of behaviour. The increase of noradrenaline content phasically lowered the frequency of self stimulation and evoked emotionally positive forms of behaviour which did not depend on the lateral hypothalamus stimulation. It is supposed that the amygdala takes part in the mechanism of sensory reinforcement connected with learning and being in definite relations with the centres of positive reinforcement of the lateral hypothalamus, while amygdalar monoamines form the neurochemical basis for the control of the reinforcing properties of external stimuli. PMID- 6666336 TI - [Neurophysiologic analysis of the bilateral organization of the associative parietal regions of the neocortex in the cat]. AB - In cats under Nembutal anesthesia, impulses come to the parietal areas of both hemispheres, which, when evoked by unilateral stimulation of fore- and hind-paws, converge at the same cortical points forming early components of associative responses (ECAR). In responses to contralateral paws' stimulation, individual interhemispheric functional asymmetry is shown. The influence of the contralateral parietal area on the ipsilateral one is more strong than the reverse effect. In contrast to ECAR formation on the contralateral side as a result of the arrival of impulses of specific genesis along the "classical" lemniscal tract,--the signals of the same type participating in the initiation of ECAR in the ipsilateral hemisphere, on their way form a relay in the thalamus and the same zone of the opposite side via the interthalamic commissure and callosal body, correspondingly. It is suggested that along with the arrival of impulses through the mentioned crossed tracts, ECAR generation in the ipsilateral parietal cortex involves impulses, coming through the uncrossed channel of the extralemnisc tract. PMID- 6666337 TI - [Correlation between the amplitude of action potentials and the rate of conduction along axons of the output cells of the sensomotor cortex]. AB - Antidromic responses of neighbouring neurones in micro-areas of the sensorimotor cortex to the stimulation of fibers of the pyramidal tract as well as of the red nucleus and thalamic nuclei VPL and MGB, were studied in acute experiments on unanesthetized immobilized cats. Depending on the velocity of conduction along the axon, the neurones of all the categories were divided into fast and slow cells. When examining the two neuronal groups most differing in AP amplitude (N1 and N3), it was found that N1 neurones were mainly fast-conducting and N3 neurones-- slow-conducting. The conclusion is made that at multineuronal recording, each of the examined categories of the output neurones is characterized by positive correlation between AP amplitude and the axon conduction velocity and consequently, the size of the cell. PMID- 6666338 TI - [Independence of the process of habituation from protein synthesis in the mollusk neuron]. AB - The influence of protein synthesis blocators--puromicine and gougerotine--on the dynamics of habituation to repeated tactile stimuli in mollusc's neurones was studied microionophoretically. Dynamics of habituation was judged by reduction of impulses number in neurone's response, increase of thresholds and latency of the first synaptic action potential in the response to repeated stimuli. Introduction of the substances produced the greatest effect on the dynamics of thresholds. Puromicine introduction suppressed the habituation only if it was accompanied by generation of epileptiform activity. Gougerotine improved the habituation in the animals with initially weak process. The obtained data testify to the hypothesis that protein synthesis blockade does not impede the process of habituation. PMID- 6666339 TI - [Space-time organization of the bioelectrical activity of the adolescent brain during the orientation reaction and mental activity]. PMID- 6666340 TI - [Comparative physiologic study of conditioned reflexes to the ratio of time intervals]. PMID- 6666341 TI - [Elaboration and preservation of defensive conditioned reflexes in the rat after different periods of adaptation to physical loading]. PMID- 6666342 TI - [Effect of exposure to pain on the intraspecies behavior of the rat]. PMID- 6666343 TI - [Relation between characteristics of visual cortex neuronal responses and the strength of electrical stimulation in the rabbit]. PMID- 6666344 TI - [Study of reflection of the structure of the environment in the activity of the cerebral cortex in the hungry rabbit by the videotape recording method]. PMID- 6666345 TI - [Device for discrete analysis of the spike activity of neurons of unrestrained animals]. PMID- 6666346 TI - [Digital device for analyzing the spike activity of nerve fibers]. PMID- 6666347 TI - [Philosophical ideas of Karl Marx and methodologic questions concerning the physiology of higher nervous activity]. PMID- 6666348 TI - [Evolutionary and conformational analysis of a family of globins. The evolutionary role of deletions and insertions]. PMID- 6666349 TI - [Action of physiologically active substances on the longevity of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans]. PMID- 6666350 TI - [Iron levels of muscle after various iron and protein intakes]. AB - In a 2 X 3 factorial experiment with growing rats (starting weight 32 g) the Fe content (5, 25, 625 mg/kg) and the protein content (5, 25, 45%) of the diet was varied. The diets were fed ad libitum for 35 days. At the end of the experiment the animals were sacrificed. The iron content was determined in a defined sample of musculus supraspinalis after dry ashing with AAS. An insufficient protein supply produced an overall increased iron content and a reduced muscle mass. A deficient iron supply caused a lowered iron content in the muscle in the case of sufficient and excessive protein content of the diet. On the other hand an iron supply exceeding the requirement did not lead to higher iron contents. PMID- 6666351 TI - [Tryptophan content of cereal proteins]. AB - The tryptophan contents of the albumin, globulin, prolamine and glutelin fractions from wheat, rye, barley, oat, sorghum, rice and maize were estimated by HPLC after alkaline hydrolysis. Complete amino acid compositions, including the amide contents, are given for all these protein fractions. PMID- 6666352 TI - [Aging: a medical, social and political challenge]. PMID- 6666353 TI - [Geriatrics--a missing discipline? On the need for interdisciplinary care services for psychiatric geriatric patients]. AB - An ever increasing part of inhabitants, not only in industrial countries, will have an age of more than sixty years. This implies severe problems in the planning of services since care for the elderly comprises besides the medical aspects also psychological and social dimensions which are all three interconnected and make multidimensional diagnostics and therapy an absolute necessity. Therefore the problems can only be solved in an unified approach. The specialist in Geriatrics has not only to have the knowledge and skills of a specialist in Internal Medicine and Psychiatry. It is necessary to include Geriatric topics into the curricula for physicians where they are not yet found, even not in the newly released curriculum for the General Pracitioner. It is absolutely necessary to close this gap and even more urgent to furnish alternatives for the care of the elderly. In the framework of an integrated care concept (Bergener) the care for somatically ill demented patients is of a special importance. PMID- 6666355 TI - [Contribution of the family in the care of the chronically ill aged]. AB - As part of the Swiss National Research Programm No. 8 (Economy and Efficacy of the Swiss Health System), we evaluated the participation of relatives in the care of institutionalized, chronically ill elderly parents. 323 patients were selected at random. Of 473 relatives and friends it was possible to interview 343. Men below the age of 80 were, cared for significantly more often at home in comparison to women. Care was in most instances provided by closely related women, usually from the next generation (daughters and daughters-in-law). In this group a majority participated in nursing care for institutionalized elderly relatives. Only close relatives appear to be willing to carry the burden of nursing care over a long period of time, whereas friends, neighbours, and distantly related family members are not. Economic problems arise mainly for men, less so for women. The latter are surprisingly often already involved in caring for an additional handicapped or elderly family member. PMID- 6666354 TI - [Ambulatory medical care of the over-65 patient]. AB - Based upon two investigations involving a sample of the elderly in Basle and Berne and a sample of physicians in private practice throughout the country, a description of the ambulatory health care of the population of Switzerland aged 65 and over is presented. Significant results include the role of the family physician, home visits, the kind of therapy and follow-up as well as the remarkable finding that the utilization of the family physicians' services is influenced by the presence of health insurance coverage. (34% of the people aged 85 and over are without coverage). PMID- 6666356 TI - [Nursing care cases and acute-care hospital beds: results of a one-day census]. AB - For the purposes of an analysis of the hospital capacities of the canton of Basel Stadt, a one-day census was conducted on April 20, 1983. On that day, the physicians in charge identified every fifth patient out of 2920 hospitalized patients as misplaced. "Misplaced" means that, from a medical point of view, mostly elderly patients could be treated and cared for as well (and cheaper) in other institutions (e.g., nursing homes) or in community settings if adequate home care services were available. PMID- 6666357 TI - [Evaluation of day clinic treatment in geriatric psychiatry]. AB - Experiences with day hospitals for elderly patients in various countries have led to differing views regarding specific indications for this particular treatment mode. In a series of investigations we tried to clarify the place of a day hospital for elderly patients which is an integrated part of a psychiatric hospital within the total of psychiatric care of the elderly. As a result we are able to demonstrate a spectrum of indications for psychogeriatric day hospital treatment far broader than mentioned in the majority of the relevant literature of the UK and the Netherlands e.g. In this particular setting it is possible to give treatment not only to patients with dementia of differing degree but also to mild or moderately disturbed affective or schizophrene psychoses. Thus the psychogeriatric day hospital can be demonstrated to be a necessary link within the chain of psychiatric care of the elderly. PMID- 6666358 TI - [Multidimensional evaluation of clinical geriatric psychiatry exemplified by the therapy-modifying effect of ecological variables]. AB - The study describes the multidimensional approach of an evaluation project and analyses the ecological milieu as perceived by the personal of one closed, open and semi-stationary ward respectively by way of a ward atmosphere inventory (Stationsbeurteilungsbogen - SBB - by Engel et al.). The results point to very differing ecological milieus on closed and open wards. Open wards of the fully stationary and the semi-stationary type, however, display only isolated yet prominent differences. The discussion of these results takes into consideration the diagnostically different groups of patients on wards of differing degree of institutionalization, accounts for the burdensome task of running a closed ward, and points to prerequisites of a more adequate care for demented patients. PMID- 6666359 TI - [Pensions for the aged or housebound: discriminant factors. Study conducted in 4 districts of the canton of Fribourg (Switzerland)]. AB - This research forms part of a two centre study (Fribourg et Geneva) on the use of medical and socio-medical services by elderly persons. It was undertaken under the auspices of the national research programme No 8 (Efficiency and effectiveness of the Swiss health system). The study covered 1173 persons aged 65 years or over receiving care in three services (partly medicalized nursing homes, retirement homes and home nursing services) in four french speaking districts of Fribourg Canton. The staff of these services provided cross sectional data on the personal characteristics of their clients or patients, their physical and mental capacities, the specific services provided to them, and some indications on their home circumstances. The results show differences between districts and services in terms of the overall utilisation rate, its structure, and the detailed profiles of specific needs and services. The discussion focusses on the possible interpretations of these differences and on the fundamental problem matching services to needs. PMID- 6666360 TI - [Methadone--resocialization of heroin-dependent patients]. AB - Methadon is a synthetic morphin used as a substitution therapy for heroin addicts. 21 patients were selected according the usual swiss indications and observed over 1 year. TREATMENT: daily methadon, weekly psychotherapy and unexpected urine controls. PROBLEMS: side effects, lack of medical care and control and the fact that it is a long term treatment for years, troublesome and often merely palliative. PMID- 6666362 TI - [Echinococcosis in children--a case contribution]. AB - Hydatid disease, or echinococcosis, is the most dangerous type of parasitosis in man in Europe. Two types are of clinical importance, namely, alveolar hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis and cystic hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Cystic hydatid disease is characterised by an expansive growth via the formation of single or multiple cysts expanding in such a manner that they cause symptoms of space-occupying lesions, whereas the cysts of Echinococcus multilocularis undergo endogenous budding forming aggregates of innumerable small cysts honeycombing and even infiltrating the affected organ like a malignant tumour unlimited by the natural boundaries of the organ. Usually it takes about 10-15 years before the disease becomes manifest after the infection, because it is only then that compression of the surrounding organ tissue gives rise to symptoms. Hence, echinococcus disease is rare in children. The article reports on 7 children treated for Echinococcus granulosus. Complete exstirpation of the hydatid tissue is the treatment of choice. This is mostly achieved because of the benign nature of the growth. Chemotherapy remains an exception to the rule. PMID- 6666361 TI - Thyroid tumours in children. AB - The authors present seven cases of primary tumours of the thyroid in young children (6 cancer, 1 Burkitt's lymphosarcoma) observed between 1968 and 1980. Using recent literature as a basis, diagnostic difficulties, surgical and radiotherapy treatment and the prognosis of these tumours are examined. PMID- 6666363 TI - Inferior vena cava anomalies associated with giant omphalocele--a proposed classification. AB - Thirteen patients with hepatomphaloceles were investigated pre-operatively by an inferior venocavogram as to the shape of the eviscerated liver and the course of the inferior vena cava. Roentgenographic findings correlated with operative findings and three distinct patterns of anomaly were seen. Type 2 and particularly Type 3 are likely to be associated with severe post-operative complications if the peculiar anatomy is not recognized beforehand. We feel that a pre-operative inferior venocavogram and determination of type of anomaly is mandatory in planning the treatment of these patients. PMID- 6666364 TI - Intussusception in infancy and childhood. A 13-year review of 75 patients. AB - Our experience of intussusception in 75 patients has been reviewed. The average duration of symptoms from onset to diagnosis was 40 hours. Barium enema was performed in 34 patients and in only six was the intussusception reduced successfully by hydrostatic pressure. Seventy-one laparotomies were performed with no mortality. Resection was carried out in seven patients for gangrenous bowel or presence of a leading point. The main complication was that of wound infection which occurred in eight patients. Incidental appendicectomy was safe and did not increase the complication rate. PMID- 6666366 TI - Rectal myenteric nerve plexus stimulation in Hirschsprung's disease and in healthy children. AB - The internal anal sphincter response was studied manometrically while applying electrical stimulation to the rectal mucosa. Seven patients with Hirschsprung's disease and ten healthy controls were investigated during general anaesthesia. In addition, six healthy controls were examined when awake. Internal sphincter relaxations elicited by electrical stimulation of the rectal myenteric nerve plexus were recorded in all anaesthetized controls, but in only two of the patients. The latter required a higher stimulation voltage. Rectal myenteric nerve plexus stimulation is a theoretical alternative for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. One advantage over conventional manometry is that it avoids the risk of mechanical artifacts. Further studies are necessary to evaluate whether the method can be of practical importance in neonatal diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 6666365 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease in childhood. Presentation and diagnosis. AB - 150 patients whose first symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presented before puberty were seen at this hospital between 1955 and 1979. Ulcerative colitis with the rectum less severely involved than the colon was commoner than usually reported in adults. Colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis allowed these children to go through school life and adolescence without an ileostomy. Failure of medical treatment was much commoner in those presenting with already total colonic involvement. Children with Crohn's disease were twice as likely to come to surgery within the first five years of illness than those with ulcerative colitis. Delayed diagnosis (mean 2.6 years) was much greater in Crohn's disease, especially in the 25% presenting initially with failure to thrive and no specifically alimentary symptoms. PMID- 6666367 TI - Inflammatory stenosis of the whole extrahepatic bile duct in a child: a case report. AB - A female child, 5 years and 5 months of age, who had had longstanding obstructive jaundice with hepatic dysfunction from the age of 6 months, underwent Y hepaticojejunostomy according to Roux after dissection of the entire extrahepatic duct with severe periductal fibrosis. At that time, liver biopsy already showed progress to biliary cirrhosis with prominent ductal proliferation in Glisson's triad. Although good bile drainage to the intestine was obtained early after the operation, 2 years elapsed until disappearance of jaundice and ascites with improvement of liver function. The patient is now 13 years old and doing well with moderately impaired liver function. No oesophageal varices have been seen by endoscopy lately. The clinical course and data are suggestive of an abortive form of biliary atresia. PMID- 6666368 TI - [Idiopathic coxa antetorta (antetorsion syndrome)]. AB - Idiopathic anteversion of the femoral neck must be primarily considered as a variant of physiological development. Surgery should be discussed in extreme cases only. Indication for surgery is partly offset or becomes disputable by the ensuing complications, the questionable prophylaxis of arthrosis and the observed spontaneous regression. It is quite a problem for the doctor to take adequate care of the children and to calm the parents; he must under all circumstances try to postpone surgery up to the 10th year of life by regular outpatient follow-ups. Strengthening of the abductors of the hip is the only meaningful causal conservative treatment measure. Surgery should be discussed during the 10th year of life while applying the most severe criteria; it should remain an exception and should be performed under optimal conditions only. PMID- 6666369 TI - Total lung sequestration in association with oesophageal atresia and multiple tracheo-oesophageal fistulae. AB - This is a case presentation of a full-term newborn female who vomited her feedings and had a chest x-ray demonstrating opacification of the right hemithorax, coiling of the nasogastric tube in the proximal oesophagus, and air in the gastrointestinal tract. The infant underwent three procedures which included: 1. gastrostomy: 2. a left thoracotomy with division of a double tracheo oesophageal atresia: 3. division of an oesophagobronchial fistula and right pneumonectomy. PMID- 6666371 TI - [Small bowel volvulus caused by Ascaris lumbricoides in an infant]. AB - The article reports on the rare case of a 1 1/2-year-old child with volvulus of the small intestine in mass infestation with Ascaris lumbricoides. Genesis, clinical signs and differential diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 6666370 TI - [Complete duplication of the small intestine in childhood]. AB - The article reports on two cases of complete duplication of the small intestine in an infant of 7 months of age (female) and a boy aged 3 1/2 years. The almost complete lining of the duplicated small intestine with gastric mucosa resulted in massive haemorrhages. These haemorrhages, in conjunction with ileus, were the indications for an operation. Mucosectomy was performed in the region of the duplication. Such removal of the mucosa is recommended in complete duplication of the small intestine and in partial tubular forms. PMID- 6666372 TI - Unusual parascrotal hernia with ectopic testicle in a neonate. Case report. AB - A giant indirect inguinal hernia leading to a huge parascrotal mass in a newborn is described. The right scrotum was empty and the ectopic testicle was found in the perineum, close to the anus. To our knowledge this is the first report of the presence at delivery of a parascrotal inguinal hernia in combination with an ectopic testicle. PMID- 6666374 TI - New operative approach for large mediastinal teratoma in children--complete median sternotomy with lateral incision. AB - Experience on a large mediastinal teratoma which almost occupied one side of the entire thoracic cavity is reported. The first patient was operated on by standard thoracotomy incision and considerable difficulty was encountered in dissecting the tumour because of a narrow space between the large tumour and the rigid thoracic cage. The second and the third patients were operated on by complete median sternotomy with lateral incision (a T-shaped incision) and no difficulty was encountered. This new approach allows all aspects of the large tumour to be reached under direct vision. Dissecting the median side of the tumour which might adhere to the important mediastinal structures would be carried out with minimum risk. No respiratory and circulatory impairment by compression of the healthy lung and mediastinum by the tumour would result from placing the patient in supine position by this approach. PMID- 6666373 TI - Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney seen in a 3-day-old newborn. AB - A case of clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney seen in a 3-day-old baby is reported. Resection of the right kidney with tumour and dissection of enlarged lymph nodes were followed by chemotherapy with Vincristine. No radiotherapy was employed. The patient has been living to date without recurrence or metastasis one year after surgery. Favourable outlook of renal neoplasms in the newborn was discussed. PMID- 6666375 TI - [Biochemical and psychophysiological study of haloperidol-induced akathisia]. AB - Plasma haloperidol (HPD) concentration, prolactin (PRL) and cortisol levels were monitered in eighteen normal adult men before and after intravenous administration of 2.5 mg haloperidol for 150 min. in order to elucidate emotional state and autonomic nervous function during state of akathisia psychophysiologically, power spectrum of photoelectric finger plethysmogram via Fourier transform, skin potential reflex (SPR) and heart rate (HR) before and after the injection were simultaneously examined in all subjects. Power distribution of spectrum of plethysmogram showed normal pattern (main peak power was observed on about 1 Hz and 2nd peak was less than 0.3 Hz.) in all subjects before injection. The spectrum of about 1 Hz was significantly decreased after the injection and that of less than 0.3 Hz tended to be increased in the akathisia group. There was no significant difference of Plasma PRL and HPD concentration in both akathisia and non-akathisia groups. However, significant correlation between these two parameters was found in both groups. The mean plasma cortisol level of the akathisia group was tended to be lower than that of the non-akathisia group. The former group was divided into the following two subgroups by power spectrum analysis; the high frequency dominant group (HF) and the low frequency dominant group (LF). The main peak of the former group was about 1 Hz, and that of the latter group was 0.3 Hz. The mean plasma cortisol level of LF was significantly lower than that of the non-akathisia group on 90 min after the injection of HPD. These results suggest that akathisia could be measured objectively by power spectrum of plethysmogram, and that some neurotransmitters other than dopamine also might be related with akathisia. PMID- 6666376 TI - Strain differences to the effects of apomorphine on Sidman avoidance response and motor activity in the Wistar and F344/DuCrj (Fischer) rats. AB - The effects of apomorphine HCl (APM), a direct dopamine agonist, on Sidman avoidance response (response-shock interval = 30 see and shock-shock interval = 5 sec) and on motor activity in Wistar and F344/DuCrj (Fischer) male rats were examined to investigate the role of dopaminergic systems in differences between the two strains. APM 0.025 mg/kg sc tended to suppress the avoidance response in both strains. APM 0.2-0.8 mg/kg sc increased the response rate and tended to decrease the shock rate in the Fischer rats. In contrast, the same doses of APM did not induce a marked change in the response rate but did induce a prominent increase in the shock rate in the Wistar rats. APM 0.2-0.8 mg/kg sc produced stereotypy such as sniffing, licking, and gnawing in both Wistar and Fischer rats. There was no strain difference in the APM-induced stereotypy, but only the Fischer rats exhibited ambulatory movement (locomotion) after APM 0.2-0.8 mg/kg sc The present results suggest that the Wistar and Fischer rats respond differently to APM in terms of conditioned avoidance response and motor activity as indices of the drug effect. PMID- 6666378 TI - d-Amphetamine discrimination established under a conditional discrimination procedure in pigeons. AB - Pigeons were brought under discriminative control of d-amphetamine vs saline injections. Two colored stimuli, blue and green, were presented on a key, and the pecking response to one of them was reinforced under Random Interval 30 sec, whereas key pecks to the other were extinguished. The schedule associated with each colored light was conditional on pharmacological treatment: pecks to the blue stimulus were reinforced when d-amphetamine had been injected, and pecks to the green stimulus, following saline injection. Control by injection was established, and dose-response curves resembled that obtained under two- or three key choice training procedures. PMID- 6666377 TI - Effects of psychotropics on the periodic fluctuation in EEG synchronized with respiratory rhythms during cough reflex. AB - It is known that the psychotropics reduce the cough reflex. To clarify the relation between the higher centers and cough reflex, we investigated the psychotropics property of the respiratory periodic fluctuation in EEG during cough reflex and after administration of psychotropics. Male mongrel dogs immobilized were maintained with artificial respiration. The efferent activities of phrenic nerve and scalp EEG were recorded, and on the basis of the resulting observations, crosscorrelation coefficients were computed using a digital computer. The cough reflex was accompanied by an increase in crosscorrelation coefficient (C. C.) between EEG and phrenic nerve activities. the C. C. between EEG and phrenic nerve activities decreased after iv administration of chlorpromazine ( mg/kg), while administration of imipramine (1-3 mg/kg) and diazepam (1-3 mg/kg) increased the C. C., respectively. The increase in the C. C. observed during cough reflex was inhibited by iv administration of these three drugs. The fact that the C. C. increased during cough reflex suggested that the ascending output from respiratory center to the higher center reinforced during this period. Furthermore, it is suggested that the psychotropics inhibited the neuronal mechanisms of the brain stem that plays an important role in cough reflex by acting upon the feedback loop located between the respiratory center and the higher centers. PMID- 6666379 TI - [Capacity for activity in penetrating and blunt abdominal injuries]. AB - In the archives of the accident hospitals available, the data of patients who had been hospitalized because of a penetrating or blunt abdominal trauma in the last two years before the surveys were evaluated. Besides the abdominal trauma, at most trivial injuries of other regions were permitted. The data which might give information on how massive the intraabdominal injury was and/or the severity of shock symptoms were taken from the patient record sheets. Afterwards, it was attempted to obtain in an interview details on the external circumstances, the course of the accident event itself and the nature of the reaction to the trauma. Finally, 32 casualties (14 with penetrating and 18 with blunt abdominal injury) were surveyed. Fundamental differences in the behavior of these two subgroups were detected and verified with statistical test techniques. Circumspect behavior after penetrating abdominal trauma was characteristic. Nevertheless, in a few cases there was loss of the ability to act even in limited penetrating injury of the abdominal wall. However, the casualties themselves had the impression of a severe stab injury and this determined the primary reaction to the trauma. A fundamentally different behavior pattern was shown by those who had suffered a blunt abdominal injury. For them, it was typical that they became unable to act immediately or within a few seconds. With regard to the significance of pain, the restriction of motor movements as well as the relation of assumed and clinically verified injury severity is dealt with in respect of the capacity to act in a comparison of the two subgroups. PMID- 6666380 TI - Clinical versus autopsy diagnosis of cranio-cerebral injury. AB - The accuracy of the clinical diagnoses of the victims who died at the Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital in 1975 and 1976 of a lethal injury to the head was investigated. Standard clinical and X-ray means were used without computed tomography whose value as an additional tool will be reported later. Most of the patients were traffic accident victims of which 71% died within 24 h after trauma. The rate of the correct diagnoses of fractures was 87% in the vault, 76% at the base of the skull, and 67% in the facial bones. Of all intracranial lesions, 75% were correctly and 9% partially diagnosed. The discrepancy would have been more marked if such entities as cerebral contusion and laceration and hemorrhage had been presented separately. This study indicates that many head injuries remained undiagnosed by standard clinical means. The value of X-ray examination also appeared small in the postmortem diagnostics of skull fractures and intracranial lesions. PMID- 6666382 TI - A rare phenotype C3, F-F0.8 encountered in three successive generations of one family. AB - In the course of a disputed paternity case, a rare phenotype of factor C3 (F F0.8), not described so far, has been found in three generations of one and the same family. The frequency in the population of such a phenotype is not known. PMID- 6666381 TI - [Sports accident or natural death? Hematocephalus internus caused by rupture of a choroid plexus angioma]. AB - This is a case report of a young policeman who collapsed in the course of a football game. He died seven days later due to a massive intraventricular hemorrhage that resulted in internal hematocephalus. The source of the bleeding was obviously a bilateral angioma of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles. PMID- 6666383 TI - An acute fatal occupational cadmium poisoning by inhalation. AB - A 43-year-old male smelter was admitted to a hospital on account of severe dyspnea about 2 days after exposure to brownish-yellow smoke produced by melting of "copper" scrap. On admission pronounced hypoxemia was revealed, and an oxygen enriched gas was administered after intubation. Although inspired oxygen concentration was gradually increased, hypoxemia progressed and he died on day 11 in hospital. The principal autopsy finding was chiefly confined to the lungs. Both lungs were heavy (the left weighing 1,470 g; the right 1,710 g) and firm to the touch. Histologically, no normal alveoli were found throughout the entire lung. Some alveolar spaces were occupied by pneumocytes, others by organized exudate with fibrosis. Interstitial fibrosis was present. Patchy areas of inflammatory cell infiltrations as well as intra-alveolar hemorrhages were observed. On the basis of the above findings a diagnosis of diffuse alveolar damage was made. Based on the available evidence (presence of cadmium in the "copper" scrap, feature of the smoke, clinical signs with latent time, and high cadmium concentration of the lung), the diffuse alveolar damage was considered to have been caused by inhaled cadmium. The pulmonary change of the present case was more advanced in pathologic stage in comparison with those reported in the literature. PMID- 6666384 TI - [Intrapartum death or infanticide? A contribution to intrapartum asphyxia]. AB - On occasion of the autopsy of a 32-34-week-old fetus delivered with fetal membrane intact (caul/amnion birth), heavy hypoxic changes in the cardiac muscle, the liver and the kidney epithelia were found. On the other hand, there was no sign of aspiration although a sign of aspiration was to be expected, as the fetus was lying in the amniotic fluids. The systematic examination of 68 cases of intrapartal deaths of various causes demonstrated that intrapartal aspiration in the amniotic fluid only takes place, when the function of the umbilical cord is obstructed. If pressure is lacking, as for example, in amniotic (fluid) substances, or meconium, in the respiratory tract is either found not at all, or only in small quantities. For the purposes of forensic medicine, this means that death by intrapartal asphyxia can also be assumed when findings demonstrate simultaneously that aspiration is absent and hypoxic changes of the organs are present. PMID- 6666385 TI - Traumatic rupture of the anterior papillary muscle. Review of the literature and report of a case. AB - A case of traumatic rupture of the anterior papillary muscle is presented. The patient survived for 3.5 h after injury without showing any serious cardiac symptoms, and in the absence of external chest injuries. Cardiac injury should always be suspected after a head-on collision, even if significant symptoms are missing. PMID- 6666386 TI - [Suicide by cutting the radial artery of the wrist. Report of 2 cases]. AB - Suicide attempts made by cutting the wrist artery (A. radialis et ulnaris) are usually unsuccessful if the vessel wall or blood clotting has not changed pathologically. Fatal exsanguination, however, can also result even if the arteries are not completely severed crosswise--which is usually not the case--but are instead slit open lengthwise or partially severed crosswise. For this reason, the invagination processes of the artery stumps controlled by the elastic structure of the vessel walls and consequently the spontaneous arterial hemostasis are obstructed. The importance in establishing the type and position of the cut artery is demonstrated by means of an exactly dissected model limb. PMID- 6666388 TI - [DNA metabolism in lymphocytes of experimental subjects during thermotherapy (sauna, Turkish bath)]. AB - The unprogrammed DNA synthesis (UDS) in the lymphocytes of the peripheral blood was significantly higher in regular sauna-users than in those who had not had a sauna for some time. Sedimentation velocity of the supercoiled DNA in the lymphocytes was decreased 1 h and 24 h after Turkish bath, but the difference from values before the bath was not statistically significant. PMID- 6666387 TI - [Morphology of acute coronary death in younger females]. AB - This report covers obduction findings on 17 women who died between 1971 and 1982 at 29-45 years of age by typical acute coronary death. In all cases a high-grade stenosing coronary sclerosis was found, in 12 cases combined with a fresh obstructive thrombosis. Considerations as to etiology and pathogenesis are presented. So far no conclusive connection between oral contraception and early coronary sclerosis or a tendency toward coronary thrombosis is provable. Instead we suppose polyetiological patterns were present, which seem to be identical to acute coronary death in young men. PMID- 6666389 TI - [Distortions and contusions of the limbs. Clinical evaluation of treatment with Vonum cutan ointment]. AB - The efficacy of Vonum cutan ointment was tested in a clinical trial on 56 patients with distortions and contusions of the upper and lower extremities over a period of 1 week. Prompt relief from pain and a rapid reduction in swelling resulted from topical treatment with Vonum cutan ointment. No serious side effects were observed. PMID- 6666390 TI - [Occurrence of pannus in arthrosis]. AB - Eight human femoral heads, surgically removed from patients with the clinical diagnosis: coxarthrosis or necrosis, were examined. In six of these we found severe arthrosis combined with synovitis and pannus formation. The pannus appeared as granulation tissue or fibrous connective tissue covering the surface of the cartilage or growing into it. In most cases the pannus showed a destructive appearance, although newly formed cartilage repair tissue was also observed. There was no indication for a pannus originating from the bone marrow. We therefore assume that we are dealing with a pannus of synovial origin. The possibility of a local transformation of chondrocytes into fibroblasts, is also discussed. The earlier reports concerning the occurrence of arthrosis in combination with pannus, are contradictory. We suggest that coxarthrosis can occur both with and without pannus. These two possibilities may represent different forms of arthrosis. PMID- 6666391 TI - [Lupus-like connectivitis with severe hemorrhagic retinitis in a patient with total IgA deficiency]. AB - Clinical report of a 23-year-old woman with total IgA-deficit, who had suffered for 2 years from a connective tissue disease similar to lupus erythematosus, with severe hemorrhagic retinitis but without any renal involvement. PMID- 6666392 TI - [Standardization of roentgenologic studies in chronic polyarthritis for therapeutic studies]. AB - For multicenter therapeutic studies of rheumatoid arthritis (chronic polyarthritis, RA), radiological criteria for RA have been set up by a working group of rheumatologists and radiologists: the result is a radiological index for RA. For the special therapeutic studies planned, only those patients with RA should be included who have manifestations of the disease in their hands and/or feet. Radiological control at yearly intervals will show the progression of the disease by increases in radiological index values. All X-rays should be taken in the standard position and by the standard procedure, on films without intensifying screens. For exposure and quality control a metacarpal bone embedded in paraffin should be interposed between the hands or feet during radiography. Reading and interpretation of radiographs should be controlled by a second observer uninformed as to the patient and stage of disease. PMID- 6666393 TI - [Correlation of computer tomographic, kidney vasographic and histological study results in solid kidney tumors]. AB - Computertomography evaluates renal expansion precisely. In 105 patients differential diagnosis by means of computertomography was 95% accurate. In 93% of the cases it agreed with renovasographic and histological findings. It was possible to demonstrate or exclude the intrusion of a tumour into the renal vein in 61% of cases of tumour of the left kidney and in 55% of growths on the right side. The computertomographic evaluation of the vena cava inferior was confirmed by the histological findings in 71% and 65% of the cases, respectively. It was possible to exclude lymphogenous metastasis in 89% of the cases. In 4% computertomography gave falsely positive findings. In so far as computertomographic examination can give an unambiguous evaluation of a renal growth and a certain proof or disproof of the intrusion of a tumour into the venous system is made, preoperative renovasography can be dispensed with. Information on the operability of the tumour should be supplemented by clarification of lymphogenous and distant metastasis. PMID- 6666394 TI - [Kidney cysts in the computerized tomogram--incidence and therapeutic consequences]. AB - In 2000 consecutive abdominal computertomograms it was 788 times possible to receive accurate evaluation of both kidneys. Incidence and shape of renal cysts were identified as well as subsequent urologic evaluation and therapy of these patients, which was done in a surprising small number of cases. The incidence of simple renal cysts is that high (5.6%), that diagnostic exploration of each renal cyst is not possible. This should be done only in those patients where the results of nonsurgical diagnosis is not possible or cannot definitely exclude renal tumor. If operative diagnosis is indicated it can be done without risk for the patient an the kidney, since our own experience show no kidney loss or mortality in 65 consecutive cases. However, the diagnosis renal cyst in those, not surgically explored, should be confirmed by ultrasound with cyst puncture and analysis. PMID- 6666395 TI - [Success of internal urethrotomy as the 1st operation in male urethral stricture]. AB - A follow-up examination was possible on 179 out of 226 patients operated on for urethrostenosis using sight urethrotomy according to Sachse. The results are classification according to the observation period, ranging from 3 months to 3 years. The most important criteria of a successful operation were lack of discomfort and a rise in uroflow to over 10 ml. Relapses occur more frequently than average in patients who had recidive infections of the urinary tract before the operation. Where the operation was successful the urinary tract infection almost always subsided. Recidive strictures occurred frequently in patients over 70 years. However, internal urethrotomy is often the only suitable method of operation at that age. Long prior bouginage makes prognosis worse. In terms of aetiology, iatrogenic stenoses give the worst results, bulbar ring stenoses, the best. In cases of long stenoses, particularly in the penile part of the urethra, the results of the operation are clearly worse than average, so that another method of operation should be considered, especially if the patients are young. PMID- 6666396 TI - [Chronic nephritis--porphyrin biosynthesis and nephrogenic anemia]. AB - Disturbances in the biosynthesis of porphyrins in erythrocytes were investigated in 50 patients with chronic nephritis after incubation with delta-aminolevulinic acid. A medium to strong correlation was found among the parameters of porphyrin metabolism and those of haemoglobin synthesis and the functional state of the kidneys. This gives rise to the assumption that the disturbances in porphyrin biosynthesis are to be classified among the pathogenetic mechanisms of anaemia in the course of chronic nephritis. PMID- 6666397 TI - [Oxygen exchange processes between the dialyzing fluid and the blood during hemodialysis and resultant practical consequences]. AB - The polarographic measuring technique was used to examine the processes of oxygen exchange between dialysing fluid and blood during haemodialysis in 21 patients of the chronic haemodialysis programme. During haemodialysis there is a tendency for the arterial oxygen partial pressure to fall; on the statistical average this is slight, in individual cases it is a marked tendency. With the apparatus KNA 302 (without degassing facilities) the blood is slightly oxygenated. This is less with the apparatus KN 401 (not very effective degassing facilities). With complete degassing of the dialysis solution a loss of oxygen through the membrane would be expected. This loss could be avoided by complete degassing of the dialysis solution and subsequent oxygenation. Various ways of realizing extrapulmonary oxygenation during haemodialysis in order to counteract the described tendency to hypoxaemia are pointed out. They should be particularly important when pulmonary means are exhausted (acute dialysis, shock lung). PMID- 6666398 TI - Haematology reference values for young adult rats of Wistar stock. PMID- 6666399 TI - Evaluation of the effects of blood smelling, handling, and anesthesia on plasma catecholamines in rats. PMID- 6666400 TI - [Heart catheterization of guinea pigs: a simple method of obtaining cardiovascular parameters]. PMID- 6666401 TI - [Nutrition of the dam, fetus and offspring during the perinatal development of the rat]. PMID- 6666402 TI - The effect of the filter cap of the "FFH" system on the cage microclimate. PMID- 6666403 TI - Microtia in a Wistar rat. PMID- 6666405 TI - [Significance of chronic ischemic heart disease and its various forms for sudden death]. AB - Our results confirm that chronic-ischemic heart disease is the most important cause of different forms of acute death. This is observed more often in men than in women. The average age of the deceased is especially low in cases of instantaneous death. The instantaneous death concerns males twice as often as females. In all age groups until the 8th decade, all kinds of acute death predominate in men. Acute myocardial infarction in cases of acute death is more frequent in women than in men. In nearly 4/5 of all cases we found a stenosing atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries whose rate is somewhat higher in males than in females. The greater part of all cases with acute death is characterized by signs of fresh or old disturbances of the coronary circulation. Only in 15% of all cases, we found no morphologic changes in the myocardium. This finding was especially often observed in cases of sudden death. To our opinion, in many cases the morphologic findings are not sufficient to explain the cause of acute death. Additional factors must also be taken into consideration. PMID- 6666404 TI - [Cardial sarcoidosis: fibrosing granulomatous myocarditis]. AB - Report of an unusually advanced, fibrosing, granulomatous myocarditis due to generalized sarcoidosis which presented itself clinically as a congestive cardiomyopathy in a 45-year-old man with a one-year's remission before death. Clinically cardiac sarcoidosis takes often a silent course. There is no exact information on its true incidence. Sudden death is not uncommon, mostly in young and middle-aged adults of either sex. Various cardiac structures may be damaged, especially the ventricular septal myocardium. The diagnosis is seldom established clinically; histological evaluation of specimens from other organs may be indicative. The response to antiarrhythmic agents and corticosteroids is considered with sepsis. PMID- 6666406 TI - [Primary sarcoma of the spleen]. AB - Four cases of sarcoma of the spleen, two fibrosarcomas and two malignant haemangioendotheliomas (mHE), are described. They correspond to an frequency of 0.08% of the post-mortem material. Malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the spleen have not been considered. There are distinct differences between fibrosarcomas and mHE with respect to macroscopic appearance, behavior and formation of metastases. Differential diagnostic problems in the histologic assessment of mHE are discussed. PMID- 6666407 TI - [Acinar cell tumor of the pancreas]. AB - A case of a solid and cystic acinar cell tumor or pancreas is reported. The macroscopic and microscopic features, the ultrastructure, the immunocytochemical characteristics and the typical epidemiology of this extremely rare and, since a short time, new entity are depicted. The differential diagnosis to other tumors of the pancreas is discussed. PMID- 6666409 TI - ["Fibrous long-spacing collagen" in seminomas]. AB - In the lymphocytically infiltrated stroma of 2 out of 5 classic seminomas normal collagen, an amorphous substance and a collagen with atypical periodicity, so called fibrous long spacing collagen, were found. In one case, the fibrous long spacing collagen was in contact with the basal membrane of tumor cells. The origin and the importance of fibrous long spacing collagen are discussed. PMID- 6666408 TI - [Myxofibrosarcoma]. AB - The myxofibrosarcoma is presented as a special entity of soft tissue tumors and differentiated from the myxoid variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma to which it was often related in the past. Four own cases are described showing the important aspects of this neoplasm. The myxofibrosarcoma can be characterised as a nodular, myxoid tumor which arises in the subcutaneous tissue of the extremities of elderly people (age-range: 68-72 years) and commonly has a favourable prognosis. The histological appearance is dominated by fibroblast-like cells which are usually embedded in a mucoid matrix or less often form highly cellular, sharply delineated areas. A coarse plexiform capillary pattern and an onion-like arrangement of cells around small arteries contribute to the typical histological picture and are helpful diagnostic features. The difficulties of differential diagnosis between the myxofibrosarcoma and other soft tissue tumors are discussed in detail. PMID- 6666410 TI - [Lymphogranulomatosis in childhood]. AB - Hodgkin's disease is relatively rare in children. The lymph node biopsies of 66 children with Hodgkin's disease were reclassified and discussed in relation to age and sex. The youngest patient was a 2-year-old boy. Mixed cellularity was the most common histologic type (37.9%-25 cases) showing a slight preponderance of boys (14 cases). Nodular sclerosis comprised 31.8% (21 cases) and the lymphocyte predominant type was found in 19.7% (13 cases) in contrast to the low incidence of the lymphocyte depletion type (6.1%-4 cases). At the age of 2 to 10 years Hodgkin's disease prevailed in boys. Our results are discussed regarding the findings of the literature. PMID- 6666412 TI - [The physician's responsibility for documentation and information in occupational medicine]. PMID- 6666411 TI - [Erythrocyte protoporphyrin in the Viennese population within the scope of the 1979 health survey]. PMID- 6666413 TI - [Status of occupational medicine professiography in East Germany - problems, possibilities and limitations]. PMID- 6666414 TI - [Recent results of a sociologic analysis of stressful working conditions and their effect on workers]. PMID- 6666415 TI - Utilization of fodder yeast and agro-industrial by-products in production of spores and biologically - active endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis. AB - A number of newly-devised fermentation media were evaluated with respect to their ability to support sporulation and biosynthesis of endotoxins by strains of Bacillus thuringiensis that are biologically active against Spodoptera littoralis, Heliothis armigera, and Spodoptera exigua. Fodder yeast from dried cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae could be used as a complete mono-component medium for production of highly active spore-delta-endotoxin complexes from B. thur., vars. entomocidus, kurstaki and galleriae. Highest sporulation titers were obtained at 2% fodder yeast concentration with endotoxin yields ranging between 7 to 9 grams per liter of medium. Ground horse beans and kidney bean seeds could also be used successfully as complete media for sporulation and endotoxin production. Extracts of potato tubers and sweet potato roots were efficient media for active endotoxin production from B. thur. var. kurstaki, although the obtained yields were much lower than those produced in fodder yeast media. The utilization of fish meal, cotton seed meal, and residues of chicken from the slaughter-house as media for the production of endotoxins active against Spodoptera littoralis, was not successful. On the other hand, minced citrus peels, ground seeds of dates, and wheat bran could be successfully used in combination with fodder yeast as media for production of endotoxins, active against Heliothis armigera and Spodoptera exigua. Re-utilization of culture supernatants in a second fermentation cycle after supplementation with some nutrients gave promising results with some of the strains tested. The data obtained are discussed in view of their feasibility of application. PMID- 6666416 TI - [Problems and limitations in reconstructing peripheral artery injuries]. AB - Between September 1975 and November 1982 we performed the repair on 75 injured peripheral arteries. In 57% a full restitution could be achieved, in 13% the extremity was saved with a resting functional deficit, in 20% an amputation was required, 10% had a lethal outcome. - Causes of failure are: 1) prolonged ischemia, 2) insufficient primary repair, 3) associated peripheral vascular lesions, 4) local and general revascularisation syndrome. - CONCLUSIONS: 1. Operative management of peripheral arterial injuries should start without delay. 2. Any emergency procedure should be definitive, 3. Arterial catheterism should not be done (for arteriography or dilatation) in cases, where the peripheral vasculature is obliterated, 4. In case of a revascularisation-syndrome an immediate amputation may avoid the fatal outcome. PMID- 6666417 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in endangiitis obliterans]. AB - Out of all patients (n = 313) suffering from peripheral vascular disorders seen at our Department from 1975 to 1981 21 patients had Buerger's disease (Thrombendangitis obliterans). In 4 of them immunological deposits could be traced in the basement membrane of their capillaries. In our opinion nicotine has a stimulating immunological effect on the vessel wall and can be considered as the trigger mechanism for Buerger's disease. PMID- 6666418 TI - [Lung resection for carcinoma in old age--effect of cardiopulmonary risk factors on surgical indications]. AB - Advanced age will only play a limited role in determining the indication for lung resection in elderly patients. Our results demonstrate that the overall state of health and the stage of the tumour are the decisive criteria whether a lung resection can still be performed successfully or not. PMID- 6666419 TI - [Resection of solitary pulmonary metastases]. AB - From January 1957 to December 1981 45 patients underwent resections (lob-, bilob , pneumonectomies) due to solitary metastases of the primary tumour in the lung. Concerning the 3- and 5 years survival rate resp. 41 patients could be followed up. The best results could be obtained in patients with metastases from carcinomata of the uterus, kidney and female breasts with an average survival coming up to 44.3%, 32.3% and 32.2%. (22% of our patients had a survival time of more than 5 years, 29% of more than 3 years). In our opinion the resection of solitary pulmonary metastases can be regarded as a surgical method which allows satisfactory results to be obtained. PMID- 6666420 TI - [Current surgical management of reflux disease]. AB - This disease has not been fully clarified yet. In our opinion, surgery should only be performed in cases of stage IV because of ulcers, irreversible scar formation, metaplasia of the epithelium, endobrachyoesophagus, stenoses or malignant degeneration. 11 patients suffering from severe reflux oesophagitis (stage IV) underwent a combination of supraselective vagotomy (to lower gastric acidity) fundoplication according to Nissen and intraoperative dilatation of the stenosis or stricture. This procedure was effective. Resection of the cardia is a difficult operation full of possible complications and should be reserved only to cases with malignant degeneration (adenocarcinoma). PMID- 6666421 TI - [The concept of blood components in surgical hemotherapy ]. AB - During the past 7 years, 85% of all red cell units have been transfused as concentrates (RCC) with a haematocrit of 70% at our University Hospital. The basic concept is to exploit the differing critical levels of various parameters in the circulation of the patient. In per cent of normal, we have: blood volume 100%, haematocrit 80%, total serum protein 60%, plasmatic coagulation factors 35%, and platelets 25%. This permits the stepwise use of a plasma substitute, RCC, 5% albumin, and fresh frozen plasma or whole blood. A retrospective, but carefully controlled study of 372 patients showed that this system has no negative effects on the postoperative course. Its logistic advantage is that the plasma from the blood donations used to treat about 80% of surgical patients can be diverted to fractionation into specific derivatives, whereas it does not increase the needs for albumin. PMID- 6666422 TI - [New aspects of therapy with blood and blood components]. AB - For diminishing transfusion risks and for ethical and economical reasons a rational hemotherapy is indispensable. The "Berner model" referred to here contains an acceptable explanation. It is evident that the overwhelming part of surgical interventions is accomplished by using erythrocyte concentrates. Therefore, fresh whole blood and fresh frozen plasma are better available. Coagulational active plasma fractions have unchanged indications for a rational substitution of coagulation factors. New indications for some blood components are described. PMID- 6666423 TI - [Value of the routine documentation of wound infection and complication rates following general surgical interventions]. AB - 1430 patients who underwent general surgery were analysed in a prospective study. The examinations were aimed at showing how the results obtained were influenced by prophylactic antibiotic treatment, bowel preparation and suturing technique. Additionally, it was investigated whether the ordered steps were performed in an adequate manner. Finally the regular documentation of wound infection and complication rate could be found to contribute to improving the operative results by detecting avoidable complications. PMID- 6666424 TI - [Computer tomography following splenectomy]. AB - After splenectomy a displacement of the left kidney, stomach, colon and pancreas can be observed. The scar tissue regularly contains fat. The differentiation between haematoma and empyema may be difficult in certain cases. Large holes and those containing liquid and air may be attributed wrongly to the stomach or colon. Additional investigations are often necessary. Differential diagnosis between a residual spleen and a tumour recurrency may be difficult, if there is no follow-up examination. PMID- 6666425 TI - [Long-term follow-up of mechanical anastomoses in surgery of the large intestine. Prospective study of 683 patients]. AB - The long-term results of colorectal and coloanal anastomoses using the EEA, SPTU and ILS circular staplers are reviewed. Anastomoses with these stapling devices were performed in 683 patients between September 1978 and April 1982. 91% of patients with rectal carcinoma underwent rectal resection and restoration of bowel continuity. All patients were operated on for the same way. We used a cancericidal rectal irrigation with 5.0% Sublimate (HgCl2) regularly in all patients with carcinoma. The inferior mesenteric artery is ligated and divided, preserving the arcade between the ascending and descending branch of the left colonic artery. The incidence of postoperative complications amounted to 17%. Intraoperative complications occurred in 12,7% (anastomotic leak 8%, difficult extraction 1,5%, bleeding 0,4%, instrument failure 2,8%). The incidence of dehiscence of anastomosis after low anterior resection (n = 422) was 15% and 3% after high anterior resection (n = 261). The clinical leakage in both groups was 4.2 and 2.3% respectively. Two of 23 patients died because of anastomotic leakage only .4 patients (1.3%) have been observed to develop a recurrent anastomotic tumour and 18 (5.8%) developed a recurrent pelvic tumour. To test the sphincter function after a very low colo-rectal anastomosis (3.5 to 5 cm from cutaneous anal verge) 32 patients were examined by using manometric studies. There were no statistically differences between normal subjects and those patients in resting pressure, maximum squeeze pressure, and length of anal canal. A significantly lower rectal compliance and rectal capacity could be found. PMID- 6666427 TI - [Treatment of femoral neck fractures using a total hip prosthesis]. AB - From October 1. 1977 to December 1. 1982 106 patients suffering from fractures of the femoral neck (n = 75) or necroses of the femoral head and nonunions of the neck fracture respectively (n = 33) underwent total hip replacement by TEP (type Muller-Charnley). The results obtained were much better in comparison to other methods of treatment: less complications, shortening of in-hospital stay (average 21.1 days) and satisfactory till good late results in 82.8%. The mortality rate came up to 13.9% (fractures: 20.0%, necrosis of the head and nonunion: 0.0%). Concerning complications we observed wound infections 0.9%, dislocations 1.9%, twice fractures of the thigh bone, twice loosening of the shaft of the prosthesis and once its fracture. The authors emphasize that in spite of the good results obtained for the time being total hip replacement for fractures of the femoral neck should be reserved to special wards. PMID- 6666426 TI - [Acrylic cementing in the treatment of bone tumors]. PMID- 6666428 TI - [Injury caused by a separating grinding disk]. PMID- 6666429 TI - [The toxic shock syndrome]. AB - The toxic shock syndrome in a serious disease. It occurs predominantly in menstruating women using tampons. About 40 deaths are associated with toxic shock syndrome. In the majority of cases Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from cervix and vagina. Most of the cases were observed in United States. PMID- 6666430 TI - [Toxic shock syndrome following cesarean section]. AB - In this case report we describe the fourth finnish woman with toxic-shock syndrome (TSS). The illness begun seven weeks after caesarean section abruptly with high fever, abdominal pain, erythematous rash and sore throat. She was discharged after two weeks of hospitalization in a good condition and there was in a follow up time of four years no recurrence. PMID- 6666431 TI - [Practice-relevant aspects on questions of general preoperative diagnosis and therapy]. AB - Problems of preoperative preparation of patients with risk are pointed out. The anesthesiologist will be confronted more and more with high risk patients. It is difficult to make a risk prognosis. Therefore preoperative standardized examination programmes of heart, lungs, kidneys, water and electrolyte balance, blood and general metabolism are required, which is dealt with in this paper. The results achieved in anaesthesia consultation are described. Special attention has to be paid to diabetic obese patients, old people as well as people suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Preoperative therapy with digitalis glycosides, antihypertensive drugs and beta-receptor blocking agents is discussed. By means of specific preoperative measures the increased risk in this group of patients can be considerably reduced. PMID- 6666432 TI - [Clinical demands on the morphologist in the area of surgical gynecology]. AB - At present in gynecologic oncology no therapeutic strategy is possible without exact histopathological diagnostic procedures according clinical rationales. Describing morphological records, exact details are therefore necessary on clinical staging, histological grade and type of the tumor. This requires a standardized preparation technique and a clinically adapted microscopic working procedure on surgery material. Above all this is necessary for discrimination of defined early cancerous changes and invasive carcinomas.--Analysis of tumor metric is more and more completed by methods of picture analysis (tissue texture). The principals of an optimal cooperation between clinicians and morphological workers in gynecologic oncology are presented as an example on common used macroscopic and microscopic preparation methods at the histological laboratory of the Department of Gynecologic Morphology at the University Hospital Heidelberg. PMID- 6666433 TI - [Gynecologic and obstetric problems in patients with ureterointestinal anastomosis in bladder exstrophy]. AB - A report is given on three women with ureterointestinal anastomosis after having a bladder exstrophy operation. Two of them carried out their pregnancies and had spontaneous deliveries. The problems of management during pregnancy are discussed and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 6666434 TI - [Gestosis and psychosomatic aspects]. AB - Concerning the pathogenesis of toxemia there is little psychosomatically oriented research. 1. Etiology of toxemia. There is an elevated reactability of arterioles and consequently of the blood pressure on vasomotoric stimulation, which makes one think of a stress hypothesis. Excessive psychosocial distress is very hard to be grasped and quantified, even for scientific purposes. Therefore there are no greater sociological studies including extreme groups, for instance unmarried juvenile pregnant women. Their elevated risk of toxemia should be predictable by means of psychosocial factors. These expectations were raised by research dealing with psychology of personality and some endocrinological studies.--2. Therapy of toxemia. Some psychosomatical aspects can be considered in practice. a) Employing the manifold drug therapies, for instance of high blood pressure in late pregnancy, it is necessary to enlighten on possible side effects, to avoid unnecessary fears, favoring hypertension. b) Hospitalization without drug therapy, which for instance aims at tranquilization, should not go along with social isolation.--One-sided dietary rules as well as exaggerated invitations to reduce weight often by failing cause feelings of insufficiency and guilt. This kind of distress causes vegetative reactions and is of disadvantage for all kinds of toxemia. This is pointed out by animal experiments and successes of psychotherapy in cases of light hypertension during late pregnancy. PMID- 6666435 TI - [Surgical correction of cervix atresia with a saphenous vein transplant]. AB - The authors describe a successful operation of a cervical atresia transplanting a part of the saphenous vein. PMID- 6666436 TI - [Significance of the measurement of placental perfusion by radionuclides in prenatal diagnosis in pregnancies at risk]. AB - The evaluation of placental perfusion measurements in 102 high-risk pregnancies from the 28th to 41st gestational week is described. --Following an injection of In113m-chloride, the half-life value of the rise in activity was determined by computer evaluation according to a single-compartment model. --Mean value of the half-life value of the rise of the placental perfusion curve is 12.55 +/- 2.42 seconds (33 normal test persons). --A half-life value of 20.62 +/- 2.43 seconds was determined in high-risk pregnancies. --In cases of EPH-gestosis a half-life value of 22.55 +/- 3.64 seconds was determined. Individual cases showed values of 50 seconds for gestosis. There was no correlation between the half-life value and the size of the placenta and or gestational age. PMID- 6666437 TI - [Consequence of pathologic ultrasound findings in pregnant women. A contribution to the diagnosis of abnormalities using ultrasound]. AB - Report on three pregnancies in which fetal malformations were diagnosed by ultrasound. Possible consequences are discussed. That may be termination of pregnancy or conservative treatment directed to favourable conditions for possible surgical therapy post childbirth. The most difficult case however is the twin pregnancy with fetal malformations in one child. PMID- 6666438 TI - [Intrauterine resuscitation during measurement of the transcutaneous pO2 curve in the fetus during labor. I. Oxygen inhalation of the parturient patient]. AB - Using the method of continuous transcutaneous PO2 determination in the fetus during normal labour there is possible to state the positive influence of O2 normoventilation by the parturient on the oxygenation of the fetus. PMID- 6666439 TI - [Obstetrical neuroleptanalgesia as a procedure for pain control in the peripartal period of the problem patient]. AB - Report on 35 patients treated by obstetric neuroleptanalgesia in the course of labour. This method doesn't appear to be qualified for general application. Nevertheless this kind of analgesia offers an additional possibility to influence the progress of labour favourably. PMID- 6666440 TI - [Value of routine histologic studies in spontaneous abortion]. AB - In 114 cases material of spontaneous abortion was examined histologically. Analysis allows a partial diagnosis of causes in spontaneous abortion and in trophoblastic tumours. PMID- 6666441 TI - [What is meant by "superovulation"?]. PMID- 6666442 TI - [Morphology of the genitals in gonadal dysgenesis]. AB - The entity includes the Turner syndrome, the pure gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome), the asymmetrical gonadal differentiation, and gonadal dysgenesis of some forms of trisomy. The necessity of prophylactic gonadectomy in all patients with Y chromosome is stressed because of a close association with the arising of tumors in the dysgenetic gonads. The requirements are described of a successful substitution with steroids. PMID- 6666443 TI - [Surgery of the ovaries]. AB - The author contemplates the surgical therapy of ovarian diseases: oophorectomy, wedge resection and punction. A remaining ovary in case of surgical treatment of benign ovarian tumors is helpful in prophylaxis of atherosclerosis after climacterium, too. PMID- 6666445 TI - [Recommendations of the Society of Perinatal Medicine of East Germany on the initial care of newborn infants]. PMID- 6666444 TI - [Diagnostic verification of Group III and III D cytological tests with special reference to follow-up]. AB - The diagnostic verification of Pap III and Pap III D-smears from mass screening is described with special regard to the importance of colposcopical and cytological long-term controls. 233 (59.8%) out of 390 patients were verified within one year (1.1.-31.12. 1977). A high percentage (27.5%) of the first control smears was negative or the cytological picture had become normal (19.5%) after vaginal treatment by antibiotics and application of estrogens. 50 women were cured by conization or primary hysterectomy as the cytological diagnosis yielded suspicion of severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. Depending on cytological differential diagnosis, individual situations and the developmental tendency of the atypical epithelium 157 patients (40.2%) were observed for several years. The great diagnostical-therapeutical importance of colposcopy for the early recognition of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is demonstrated. A direct microbiopsy controlled by colposcopy is a valuable completing method if there are differences between colposcopical and cytological findings during a long-term control of the cases. A slight or moderate dysplasia can be observed for about 2 or 3 years, as most regressions are seen in this period. In problematic cases (young nullipare, patients treated because of infertility or sterility, pregnant women, old women) with severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ it is possible and justifiable to control the patient temporarily in short distances. All cases which are suspicious of an early stromal invasion call for a definite diagnosis and therapy without any delay. Primary hysterectomy is preferred in patients aged 35 years or more. PMID- 6666446 TI - [Experimental rabies in the raccoon dog]. PMID- 6666447 TI - [Toxoplasmosis and the epidemiological status of the population. I. The general characteristics of the basic epidemetrons]. AB - The general characteristic of the main indices, or epidemic values (epidemetrons) is presented and the possibility of their use for characterizing the epidemiological state of the population in the foci of toxoplasmosis is evaluated. PMID- 6666448 TI - [Reactivity to Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan in a neutrophil phagocytosis system]. AB - The mechanisms of the formation of reactivity in the system "S. aureus peptidoglycan--serum--neutrophils" were studied. The direct interaction of peptidoglycans with neutrophils isolated from human blood was not accompanied by their stimulation, evaluated by an increase in the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium. Antibodies to peptidoglycan determined the final result of the opsonic activity of normal serum: the IgG fraction isolated from commercial immunoglobulin was active at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The activity of complement was considerably lower: it was manifested after the removal of antibodies and in cooperation with suboptimal dosage. The IgG-independent activation of complement was equally blocked by 10 mM EDTA and Mg-EGTA. Residual activity (after the removal of antibodies an the blocking of complement) constituted an insignificant proportion of the total opsonic reserve of the serum. The specific features of the stimulating activity of peptidoglycans obtained from different S. aureus strains were observed. PMID- 6666449 TI - [Neutrophil phagocytic activity and the humoral factors of general and local immunity under intensive physical loading]. AB - The comparative examination of 91 sportsmen under physical strain of different intensity and 30 healthy adults not active in sport has been made. A decrease in the functional activity of neutrophils in response to increasing physical strain has been revealed, which coincides with a drop in the levels of normal serum and secretory antibodies, immunoglobulins and lysozyme. PMID- 6666450 TI - [Effect of low-frequency ultrasound on the chemotactic and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in rats]. AB - The influence of low-frequency ultrasound on the chemotactic, ingestive and digestive activity of peritoneal macrophages in rats was studied. The intraoperative treatment of the peritoneum with ultrasound enhanced chemotactic activity 3.3-fold in comparison with that in the control animals. The digestive function of peritoneal macrophages considerably increased, the stimulation of their ingestive capacity also occurred. The activation of the phagocytic function of macrophages was observed within 7 days after a single sonar treatment. The authors believe that the stimulation of the macrophage system is probably one of the mechanisms of the sanative action of ultrasound which is used at present in purulent surgery. PMID- 6666451 TI - [Cerebral evoked potentials in comatose states of various etiology]. AB - The authors studied the evoked potentials (EPs) of the brain cortex in patients in comatose states of various etiology as well as the EPs of the brain cortical and subcortical structures of the animals during simulation of the conditions studied in clinical practice. A sharp drop in the amplitude of early waves and an increase in the amplitude and latency of late EP waves in all the cerebral structures irrespective of the coma genesis were disclosed. The changes were of a simultaneous and generalized character with a greater similarity between the EPs of the cortical zones but an increase of their difference from the subcortical structures. These facts are explained by the deprivation of the nonspecific systems of both cortical and local inhibitory influence which leads to the late activation of the brain specific systems. It is assumed that the space-time dissociation in the action of various cerebral systems is, regardless of the coma genesis, one of the principal mechanisms giving rise to disorders of information perception, analysis and processing. PMID- 6666452 TI - [Relation between the diffuse and local in the clinico-electrophysiologic evaluation of patients with generalized "peak--slow wave" discharges]. AB - Despite the long history of research into epilepsy, the mechanisms of the development of a paroxysm of generalized "peak-slow wave" discharges with a frequency of 3 fluctuations per sec are still unclear. An expanded clinical electrophysiological examination of 36 patients showed that generalized disorders in the central nervous system were also accompanied by local changes. Important data were obtained during biotelemetric recording of the superficial EEG and stereoelectroencephalogram in patients in the process of carrying out various activities and in the period of paroxysms. It is concluded that there are different sites of paroxysm generalization due to the domination of either cortical or subcortical pathological foci. PMID- 6666453 TI - [Localization of the cortical representation of control of postural synergy in the frontal lobe of the brain]. AB - Muscular activity of the legs and trunk was studied in 27 patients with verified tumours of the frontal lobes of the brain. It is shown that the abnormalities of the anticipated postural muscle activity are connected with the lesion of the median part of the premotor region. It is concluded that the supplementary motor area is concerned with the control of the postural synergy and involves the muscles of both sides of the body. PMID- 6666454 TI - [Disorders of higher cortical function and EEG features in patients with spinal cord lesions]. AB - Combined electroencephalographic and neuropsychic studies of 60 patients showed the variable nature of the functional brain disorders associated with spinal cord impairments at the cervical, thoracic and lumbar-sacral levels. Changes in the EEG criteria of brain function were reflected in an altered character of the principal psychic processes. The results obtained are statistically significant. PMID- 6666455 TI - [Classification of local lead electromyograms]. AB - The authors maintain that the classification of the electromyograms suggested by F. Buchthal in 1957 has become obsolete in view of an ever-growing number of electromyographic investigations that employ needle electrode leads. The main shortcoming of this classification lies in the fact that it does not allow the researchers to differentiate and evaluate the motor unit activity expressed as volley bursts of oscillations, which can be of special importance in diagnosing radiculitides, parkinsonism, neuromuscular apparatus lesions in thyrotoxicosis, and other disorders. In addition, electromyography is important for monitoring the time-course of the pathologic process in such patients when they are treated. A new classification of the electromyograms in needle electrode leading, which distinguishes types I, II, IIIa, IIIb and IV of the electromyogram, is advanced by the authors. PMID- 6666456 TI - [Indomethacin-sensitive variant of migrainous neuralgia]. AB - A 47-year-old woman had been suffering for 6 years from attacks of the most severe headaches lasting 4 to 6 days and occurring once or twice a month. The principal clinical manifestations of the disorder permitted its qualification as migrainous neuralgia. A unique characteristic of regularly occurring cephalgic attacks consisted in the constant alternation of suddenly developing and equally rapid-disappearing algetic episodes lasting 25-40 sec with cephalgia-free periods of 20-25 seconds. In interictal periods, momentary fulgurant pains in the right half of the head occurred during sharp turns of the neck. The administration of indomethacin in a dose of 50-75 mg daily was followed by a dramatic therapeutic response. The case described was identical to cases of Horton's syndrome differentiated by Sjaastad and Dale as an individual disease entity called "chronic paroxysmal migrainous neuralgia". PMID- 6666457 TI - [Neurologic status of the human fetus during labor and analysis from an evolutionary standpoint]. AB - A study of the human fetus in 62 deliveries (at the moment of head birth and in the first seconds after complete birth up to the onset of pulmonary respiration) revealed that its neurologic status is characterized by muscular atonia, by the absence of spontaneous movements, proprioceptive and exteroceptive reflexes, as well as by the absence of reactions to needle puncture, light, sound and olfactory irritations. The suggestion is substantiated that phenomenal peculiarities of the neurologic status of the fetus during parturition are occasioned by the state of hibernation (autohibernation) secondary to shifts at the level of biologically active substances in the "parturient-placenta-fetus" system. PMID- 6666458 TI - [Psychopathology of delusional disorders of an interpretive character in the course of paroxysmal schizophrenia]. AB - Sixty patients with paroxysmal progressive schizophrenia were observed. Three variants of paroxysms were identified, viz. acute systematized interpretative delirium states; those with a mild degree of systematization and states with a mixed (interpretative-sensual) nature of delirium formation and a tendency toward delirium systematization. The psychopathological structure of every variant of these conditions was found to correlate with the clinical picture of the disease as a whole. PMID- 6666459 TI - [Experimental psychological study of the functions of the aspiration level of schizophrenic patients]. AB - The results of experimental psychological examinations of the activating and protective functions of the level of ambitions in three groups of subjects (70 patients with moderately progressive shift-like and paranoid schizophrenia with a pronounced defect, 70 patients suffering from schizophrenia with an unmarked defect and 70 healthy controls) are presented. The study demonstrated that in schizophrenic patients with a marked defect as compared with healthy subjects and schizophrenics without any prominent defect, there is a decrease in the activating and an increase in the protective function of the level of ambitions which is considered as one of the mechanisms and signs of adynamia. PMID- 6666460 TI - [Experimental psychological study of changes in the mental activity of schizophrenic patients with different degrees of expression of the defect]. AB - Changes in mental activity related predominantly to one of the principal characteristics of the defect developing in schizophrenia, i.e. a decrease in mental activity, were studied by a complex of experimental psychological techniques designed to gain a better insight into the processes of memory and attention. A comparative study of groups of schizophrenic patients differing by the severity of the defect produced data characterizing the time-course of changes in mnemonic activity and voluntary attention due to defect aggravation and to the growth of a decrease in mental activity--the level of voluntary regulation and spontaneous activity. PMID- 6666461 TI - [Psychological diagnosis and rehabilitation of alcoholics]. AB - Ninety-two patients with chronic alcoholism were followed up by means of MMPI examinations. Six personality types were identified. Depending on the personality characteristics of patients, differential psychotherapeutic strategies in the framework of multiple modality treatment of chronic alcoholism are proposed. PMID- 6666462 TI - [Comparative multidimensional analysis of the personality traits of patients with different forms of gynecologic pathology]. AB - The personality characteristics of gynecological patients with hormonal dysfunction versus hormone dependent pathology were compared, using a factorial analysis of answers to 377 questions of the Russian modified variant of MMPI and a cluster analysis of intergroup subdivisions. A group of patients with uterine myoma (UM) differed considerably from all the others in relation to six "varimax" factors. A new factor scale was elaborated which makes it possible to differentiate a group of patients with UM from both healthy women and other gynecological patients. The results obtained are discussed in the light of the hypothesis about the psychosomatic nature of UM. The factor scale presented may be utilized for detecting a group of high risk for UM development. PMID- 6666463 TI - [Methodology of a screening study of the level of mental development of young children]. AB - A screening procedure for assessing the level of the psychic development of very young children was developed and tried on 210 healthy children. To evaluate the validity of this method, 50 children with mental retardation (debility) confirmed by extensive clinical examinations were studied. This test allows highly significant differentiation between intellectually intact and mentally retarded children. PMID- 6666464 TI - [Attention parameters of stutterers]. AB - Attention parameters were studied in 60 patients with stuttering by a corrective visual method. The stuttering patients showed a tendency to a slower completion of corrections and a greater standard deviation compared to healthy subjects. It was ascertained that the nature of attention in patients with stuttering was similar to the character of attention in patients with manic-depressive psychosis in a state of depression. PMID- 6666465 TI - [Electrophysiologic studies of patients with logoneuroses]. AB - Patients with logoneuroses showed a considerable increase in the activity of some muscles and the generation of activity in others during speech even in cases where the patient succeeded in speaking without stammering. The predominance of the activity on the left versus the right side was observed in all groups of muscles. The blood content in the cerebral vessels could be both consistent with the age-specific normal values and differing from them in both directions. The interhemispheric asymmetry of vascular blood content and the instability of vascular tone were noted. The multiple modality treatment including massage was shown to be more effective as compared to treatment involving no massage. PMID- 6666466 TI - [Neurotic disorders in persons with mentally stressful jobs]. AB - The results of a clinical examination of 73 neurotic patients engaged in intense intellectual activities are presented. The questions of the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical course of neurotic disturbances are discussed. Attention is drawn to the obligate nature of the vegetative dysfunction manifestations. PMID- 6666467 TI - [Reflexotherapy of neurotic patients with depressive-hypochondriacal manifestations]. AB - Forty-one neurotic patients with pronounced depressive-hypochondriac symptomatology were treated by acupuncture. A decrease in the psychoemotional and algetic symptoms (sleep restoration, increased working capacity) following acupuncture was attended by certain changes in the nocturnal and diurnal EEG with the prevailing activation of the synchronizing mechanisms of nonspecific brain systems which suggests that the structures of the thalamo-cortical and nonspecific cerebral level are involved in the realization of the acupuncture therapeutic effect and that it is advisable to activate the synchronizing cerebral mechanisms. PMID- 6666468 TI - [Various aspects of the clinical psychologist in the outpatient department of a psychiatric hospital]. AB - Experience gained in the course of an experimental-psychological study of the mentally ill under conditions of the out-patient department of a psychiatric clinic is reviewed. The specific features of the design and conduction of such studies due to their closeness to a natural experiment, a peculiar attitude of patients toward this kind of frustrating situation and the peculiar methods of psychological studies under conditions of the out-patient department are outlined. The specific tasks of such investigations differing from those set up in the framework of in-hospital psychoneurological treatment are outlined. These include consultations, activities on military draft boards, sanitary educational and psychohygienic activities in the social groups such patients belong to. PMID- 6666469 TI - [Participation of the clinical psychologist in the overall complex treatment of alcoholism]. PMID- 6666471 TI - [Modern principles of surgical treatment of benign diseases of Vater's papilla]. AB - Dilemma and contrary opinions about the appropriateness of surgical treatment of benign disease of choledocho-duodenal junction have often appeared in medical references, especially in recent decades. Existence or absence of functional and organic pathologic changes in the papilla Vateri and sphincter of Oddi have been the subject, facing the contrary opinions at many professional meetings considering the possibility of surgical treatment of disorders in flowing the gall to choledocho-duodenal junction. Having analysed their own patients surgically treated owing to gall hold up on papilla Vateri, the authors would like to contribute in clearing this problem. The patients should regularly be checked up in the postoperative period and the correct passage through the papilla of Vater following the surgery should be achieved. Operative technique improvements, decreasing the number of early postoperative complications, have been described. The authors confirm that operative indications for surgical treatment in the case of disorders of gall flowing on papilla Vateri is still set too seldom, so that instead of sphincteroplasty, a bilio--digestive anastomosis are carried out too often. The advantage of sphincteroplasty over sphincterotomy has been proved by objective diagnostic and functional examinations. PMID- 6666470 TI - [Treatment of luxation fractures of the talocrural joint]. AB - Authors have analysed some characteristics of the functional anatomy, biomechanics, classification and treatment of fractures of the talocrural joint with special emphasis of sprained fractures. Based on data from different references, as well as on the authors' experience, they came to the conclusion that a great percentage of these fractures heal with shortening of the fibula; the latter causes disorders of the biomechanical mechanism in this joint. The importance of the fibula especially in the statics and the dynamics of the lower limb has been stressed out, as well as the possibility of precise measurement of posttraumatic shortening of the fibula. The treatment of the fractures of talocrural joint should be individual, bearing in mind that in most cases only meticulous surgical reposition of the ligaments does give a correct anatomical relations between the joints bodies and a normal function of the joint itself. By conservative measures and external immobilisation with plaster, it is not possible to avoid dislocation of the fragments when fractures of type C happens, or most of the fractures of Type B, and a few of type A--Weber's classification. The conservative treatment is recommended only with those fractures of the types A and B, where clinically or by x-ray the fragments being impacted, without any dislocation between them, and without lesions of tibio-fibular syndesmosis and collateral ligaments. For all other sprained fractures there is always an indication for surgical correction. PMID- 6666472 TI - [Primary clinical experience with heterotopic autologous transplantation of the spleen]. AB - On the basis of research and results obtained in recent years that the removing of the spleen increases an aptitude to the infection, the authors have carried out in 1981-1982 four autotransplantations of the spleen; they did it in polytraumatised patients with an extensive rupture of the spleen, where, because of the safe haemostasis, only a splenectomy should have to be performed. By a new technique, removed ruptured spleen is prepared with special procedure, and it is transplanted into the omentum majus of the same patient. There were no complications, although it is concerned of a few patients and a short postoperative follow-up. Three to four months after surgery, the Howwel-Jolly bodies became normal as well as vacuolated erythrocytes and immunophoresis, so that it corresponds to the normal, in-situ, spleen activity; it means that it is to expect a sufficient protection against an infection. PMID- 6666473 TI - [Fibrosarcoma as a cause of cardiac tamponade]. AB - Primary malignant tumours of the heart are exceptionally rare, what makes them particularly interesting for their research; on the other hand, clinical diagnosing of these tumours is even rarer. The authors present a patient with fibrosarcoma of the heart, which provoked the acute pericardial tamponade. The patient was successfully operated upon. The diagnosis was confirmed during the surgery itself with temporary biopsy. After the surgery the authors administered chemotherapy according to the VAC scheme (vincristine++, actinomycin D and cyclophosphamide ). PMID- 6666474 TI - [Endotoxic shock in surgical practice]. AB - The authors present patients who have had an endotoxic shock from various types of septic infections in the peritoneal cavity (ulcus perforatum, appendicitis perforata, cholecystitis purulenta, acute obstruction of the intestine, pleural empyema, bronchiectasiae, pulmonary abscess etc.). The author's intention is to indicate that the etiological factors can be different, and the pathophysiological and clinical treatment have certain specific characteristics. The basic pathophysiological postulates are: severe haemodynamic disorders and numerous functional troubles and disorders of certain organs and tissue's systems. Thereby, the therapy should always be casual as well as one slows down the haemodynamic and other pathophysiological disorders. PMID- 6666475 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine (a case report)]. AB - Leiomyosarcoma in form of cyst as big as a child's head, localised at the jejunum is presented; this is a rather rare tumour and is characterised with relatively lesser malignity and rarer metastazing; it should always be treated surgically, although it grows slowly, and usually is asymptomatic, especially in the beginning when it develops intramurally, so thus bleeding can arise. The patient (a female) has been operated on urgently with a suspicion of a torsion ovarian cyst, but a tumour was found, started from the wall of the intestine itself; it was removed with the part of the wall and arising defect has been bridged by two layers stitches. The patient feels good 2 years after the operation and she will be controlled continuously. PMID- 6666476 TI - [Juxta-vesical ureterolithotomy with intubation of the distal part of the ureter without opening the urinary bladder]. AB - A new surgical method in the treatment of juxtavesical ureterolithiasis is described; its advantage in relation to the classical juxtavesical ureterolithotomy is in the intubation of distal part of the ureter without incision of the bladder. In this way a stenosis at the place of ureterolithotomy is prevented, and on the other side the existent stenosis is dilated. 23 patients have been operated upon, in 9 of whom there was a blockage of the kidney caused by a stone in juxtavesical part of the ureter, with uretero-hydronephrosis in 14 patients. In 14 patients the urine was infected, and in 9 ones sterile; the stone has been in the ureter about 2-3 months in 15 cases. In all patients an extraction of the stone by a Dormy catheter has been tried, but without success. The follow-up of the patients, 8-12 months after surgery showed that the kidney does secrete well, ureter was with a fair passage at the x-ray, and without stenosis of the ureter. PMID- 6666477 TI - [Retroperitoneal hematoma in children with hemophilia]. AB - The cases of two boys with hemophilia and retroperitoneal haematoma are presented; the diagnosis was confirmed by means of ultrasound scanning. The clinical picture of retroperitoneal haematoma can not be distinguished from other acute abdominal conditions (retroperitoneal infiltrate, or abscess). These pathological processes require surgical treatment, whereas such one in the patients suffering from haemophilia with retroperitoneal haematoma is contraindicated. The diagnosis of retroperitoneal haematoma can be confirmed with a great certainty by means of ultrasound scanning. PMID- 6666478 TI - [Emergency management of intracerebral hematoma of nontraumatic origin]. AB - A series of 78 consecutive non-traumatic intracerebral hematomas operated upon between 1972 and 1981 is presented; the authors analysed the etiology, age, sex, clinical manifestation and state of consciousness as well as timing of surgery as factors potentially influencing the outcome. The mortality rate before introducing of C. T. scan (before 1978) as a main diagnostic procedure, was over 50% and decreased to 25% after its use. Patients operated on in the first 24 hours after the bleeding, have mortality of 50%, on the second day 16%, and since the third day there was no mortality. The mortality rate in patients with moderate neurological deficiencies and slight disturbances of consciousness was under 10%, reached full 91% in patients with severe neurological deficiencies and deep coma. The etiology as a possible factor determining the outcome in non traumatic intracerebral hematomas is also analysed and discussed. In patients with AVM as a cause of compressive hematoma there was no mortality, while in hematomas due to aneurysmal rupture, mortality was over 42%. Mortality in hypertensive patients was 53% and in spontaneous hematomas it was 35%. PMID- 6666479 TI - [Proceedings of the 12th Intersectional Meeting of the Surgical Sections of Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia, Serbia, Vojvodina and Bosnia-Hercegovina. Jajce, 7 and 8 October 1982]. PMID- 6666480 TI - [Differential diagnosis and treatment results in myositis ossificans pseudomaligna]. PMID- 6666481 TI - [Progressive fibrodysplasia ossificans]. PMID- 6666482 TI - [Less common localizations of juvenile chronic arthritis from the viewpoint of surgical treatment]. PMID- 6666483 TI - [Southwick's osteotomy as a solution for cases of dislocated coxa vara in adolescence]. PMID- 6666484 TI - [Personal experience with surgery of congenital pes equinovarus using Turco's technic]. PMID- 6666485 TI - [Surgical treatment of childhood fractures in the area of the elbow joint]. PMID- 6666486 TI - [Osteosynthesis by external fixation in children]. PMID- 6666487 TI - [New approaches in the treatment of soft tissue defects]. PMID- 6666488 TI - [Clinical experience in the use of large doses of NaF in the treatment of osteoporosis]. PMID- 6666489 TI - Metabolic changes in skeletal muscle following high-energy trauma. AB - Changes in energy metabolism in skeletal muscle tissue after high-energy trauma were studied. Trauma was inflicted to the thigh of anaesthetized pigs with a high velocity missile. The changes in contents of adenine nucleotides, phosphoryl creatine, creatine, lactate and glycogen were studied within areas of discoloured muscle tissue nearest the wound and were compared with corresponding values in adjacent normally coloured muscle. Severe and presumably irreversible changes in energy metabolism were found in discoloured muscle, with depletion of ATP and phosphoryl creatine and marked increase in lactate levels. No such changes were found in the normally coloured tissue. The progression of the changes during a 10 hour observation period and the magnitude of the metabolic disturbance indicate that such discoloured muscle tissue must be regarded as non-viable. Discolouration can therefore be regarded as a useful clinical sign during debridement of traumatized muscle tissue. PMID- 6666490 TI - Muscular high-energy phosphates and red-cell 2,3-DPG in post-traumatic hypophosphataemia. An experimental study in pigs. AB - The relationship between post-traumatic hypophosphataemia, muscular high-energy phosphates (HEP) and red-cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) were studied in an experimental trauma model. Twenty-three anaesthetized pigs were submitted to trauma and observed for 72 hours. In group I (n = 10) and group II (n = 6) major trauma was inflicted with a high-energy missile. No phosphate supplement was given in group I, but group II pigs received 20 mmol phosphate/24 hours parenterally. Group III (n = 7) sustained only minor trauma, consisting of tracheotomy and catheterization of artery, vein and bladder, and received no phosphate in the post-trauma observation period. Reduction of serum phosphate was found in all groups after trauma. In skeletal muscle, decreased levels of HEP were observed after major trauma, whether or not phosphate supplement was given. Following minor trauma there was no alteration of muscle HEP. In red-cells, 2,3 DPG decreased slightly only after major trauma in pigs without phosphate supplement. Conclusions from the study were that hypophosphataemia was associated with cellular metabolic disturbance only after major trauma. In red-cells this disturbance seemed to be prevented by administration of phosphate. In skeletal muscle the phosphate supplement could not prevent fall in HEP levels, possibly because of a post-traumatic insulin resistance in muscle tissue, which may prevent uptake of phosphate into muscle cells. PMID- 6666492 TI - The validity of some morphologic methods in the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. AB - The diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen section and imprint cytology in thyroid conditions was analyzed along with that of cytofluorimetric nuclear DNA determination. Of 149 frozen sections in a four-year period, 90% gave a correct diagnosis, while four results were false-positive and one was false-negative. The intraoperative accuracy of imprint cytology was 95% in 309 examinations, with 12 false-positive and four false-negative results. The misjudgements with both morphologic methods derived mainly from decisions on benignancy or malignancy of follicular tumor types. Neither atypical adenoma nor encapsulated follicular carcinoma can be conclusively distinguished with these methods. Their routine application nevertheless is of great help to the surgeon, in that they can considerably reduce the need for second (radical) operations and thus the risk of complications. Nuclear DNA determination was unhelpful in the intraoperative situation. PMID- 6666491 TI - Hypophosphataemia and muscle phosphate metabolism in severely injured patients. AB - Severe trauma is associated with increased expenditure of energy, which leads to heightened cellular requirements for regeneration of high energy phosphates (HEP). The effect of multiple traumata and of burns (18 and 12 patients, respectively) on serum phosphate (S-P) and muscle phosphate metabolism was studied. Blood and muscle samples were obtained 2, 4, 8 and 30 days after the injury. The results of analyses were compared with findings in 14 non-traumatized controls. S-P showed a decrease 2 and 4 days after the injury, despite a phosphate supply of 0.4 mmol/kg BW/day. Reduction of HEP and inorganic phosphate of muscle tissue (Pi) was observed on post-trauma days 2, 4, 8 and 30. No correlation was found between Pi and S-P. The fall in S-P, HEP and Pi was not affected by increasing the phosphate supply from 0.4 to 1.0 mmol/kg BW/day. In patients older than 60 years, the reduction of S-P, and adenosine triphosphate was greater than in the younger patients. The results suggest that the S-P decrease was due to loss via the urine and a shift from extracellular to intracellular compartment. The fall in Pi and HEP probably was caused by impaired ability of the cells to utilize the phosphate available in serum, and direct cellular loss of phosphate resulting from hypermetabolism and catabolism. PMID- 6666493 TI - Increased vascular plasminogen activity in patients with pheochromocytoma. AB - Fibrinolytic and coagulation components were assayed in six patients with pheochromocytoma. Blood samples and a specimen from a superficial hand vein were obtained before, and six months after removal of the tumour. Vascular plasminogen activator (PA) activity in the vein wall was significantly increased in all patients who all had increased concentrations of urinary adrenaline, or noradrenaline, or of both. After adrenalectomy catecholamines were normalized and the PA activity was within normal range in all patients. There were no significant differences in factor VIII, antithrombin III, fibrinolytic activity, plasminogen or inhibitors of the plasminogen activation in plasma. PMID- 6666494 TI - Treatment of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus. AB - A series of 10 patients with spontaneous rupture of the esophagus is analysed. Early primary closure of the tear and good drainage of the mediastinum and pleural cavity give the best results in such cases. Correct diagnosis is difficult and is often missed in the acute phase. The time lapse between the rupture and diagnosis nevertheless seems to be the most important single factor in the outlook for treatment of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus. PMID- 6666495 TI - Factors influencing mortality in patients with bleeding ulcer. Review of 7 years' experience preceding therapeutic endoscopy. AB - Over a seven-year period 369 patients with a median age of 67 years were admitted with bleeding peptic ulcer and 41% of the patients required emergency surgery. In 37 low risk patients (24%), defined as patients younger than 70 years without a complicating disease, the mortality rate following emergency surgery was 11% compared to 36% in 118 poor-risk patients (p less than 0.005). A preexisting complicating illness, postoperative complications, and absent history of dyspepsia were calculated to be the three most important factors determining fatal outcome. Age, onset of hemorrhage during hospitalization or prior to admission, previous ulcer surgery, previous bleeds, preoperative endoscopy, site of the ulcer, timing of surgery, and transfusion requirements had comparatively less bearing on the outcome. Hematocrit exceeding 37 in the postoperative period, however, was associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Though surgery controls life-threatening hemorrhage, it is badly tolerated in the many poor-risk patients, and an evaluation of other efficient methods carrying a lower risk of lethal complications seems justified. PMID- 6666496 TI - Obstruction of the appendix lumen in relation to pathogenesis of acute appendicitis. AB - The role of obstruction of the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis was studied by measuring the pressure in the appendix peroperatively in 33 patients undergoing appendectomy because of suspected acute appendicitis. The technique involved insertion of a fine needle via the apex into the lumen of the appendix and measurement of the hydrostatic pressure required to inject a saline solution. In all six patients with gangrenous appendix and in two patients with phlegmonous appendix there were signs of obstruction of the appendix lumen expressed as raised intraluminal pressure. In 19 patients found at operation to have phlegmonous appendix there were no signs of obstruction. The experimental data suggest that obstruction is not an important factor in the causation of acute appendicitis, but may develop as a result of the inflammatory process. PMID- 6666497 TI - Thoracic duct obstruction associated with the thoracic outlet syndrome. AB - A case is presented in which intermittent swelling of the face, left upper limb and both lower limbs was associated with steatorrhea. The thoracic duct was found to be obstructed at the thoracic outlet. After surgery the symptoms disappeared promptly. The value of lymphography is discussed and compared to the other diagnostic methods. PMID- 6666498 TI - Persistent duodenal obstruction secondary to pancreatitis. Report of two cases. AB - Two male alcoholics with persistent duodenal obstruction due to relapsing acute pancreatitis are reported. Both patients were operated upon with gastrojejunostomy. One of the patients had a transient obstruction of the colon at the left flexure. The gut impairment has been followed roentgenologically and by gastroduodenoscopy. The literature concerning intestinal obstruction caused by pancreatitis is reviewed. PMID- 6666499 TI - Chronic obstructive pancreatitis associated with gallstone in a child. AB - A case of chronic obstructive pancreatitis in a 15-year-old girl is presented. The aetiology of the disease is believed to be due primarily to an impacted gallstone in the ampulla of Vater and secondarily to a large intraductal calculus in the pancreas. A pancreaticogastrostomy was performed and the large pancreatic calculus removed. PMID- 6666500 TI - High density lipoprotein cholesterol in insulin-dependent diabetic children. AB - Thirty-one insulin-dependent diabetic children were studied (11 boys and 20 girls; 22 whites, 6 mulattoes and 3 Negroes; age-range: 8-14 years; mean age 11.7 years). According to the quality of their metabolic control the children were divided into 3 groups: Group 1, children in good metabolic control; Group 2, children in poor metabolic control but without ketosis; Group 3, children in severe ketoacidosis; 15 normal children (Group 4) served as controls. No hypercholesterolemia was found. As to blood sugar and serum triglyceride levels, significant differences were found between the control group and the diabetic groups as well as between the diabetic groups. When evaluating the result of HDL cholesterol determinations we found a significant difference between the control group and Groups 2 and 3, as well as between diabetics in good control (Group 1) compared to Groups 2 and 3. We also found a correlation in diabetics in good control between blood sugar values and high HDL-cholesterol levels, and in diabetics in poor control between high blood sugar values and low HDL-cholesterol levels. No correlation was found between HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in diabetes in poor metabolic control. In view of these findings the importance of reaching an optimal metabolic control in insulin-dependent children is emphasized, and the role of normoglycemia in the prevention of atherosclerosis is stressed. PMID- 6666501 TI - The long-term effects of pancreatectomy on the Ca metabolism of the rat. AB - The Ca metabolism of pancreatectomized (PX) rats was investigated three months after surgery. Most PX animals were in negative Ca balance because of increased endogenous fecal Ca excretion and reduced true Ca absorption. Significant increases were also observed in bone Ca resorption rates, hydroxyproline excretion and size of osteocyte lacunae. Inverse correlations between the rates of bone Ca resorption and Ca balance were observed in the PX and control groups. Significantly, both correlations were found to fit the same function. It was concluded that parathyroid hormone secretion and its metabolic expression were not impaired by pancreatectomy. The coupling between bone Ca accretion and resorption was absent in PX animals: high resorption rates were found associated with normal or decreased accretion rates. These latter rates, in combination with the negative Ca balance, explain the reduction in the skeletal Ca mass. PMID- 6666502 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobin in endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. AB - Fifty out-patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia were submitted to glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) and glucose tolerance assessment. Fifteen had normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 15 had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 20 had non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). GHb was 6.3% in NGT, 7.3% in IGT and 8.11% in NIDDM and was significantly correlated to fasting and post prandial plasma glucose (p less than 0.001) in NIDDM group and to peak, area (p less than 0.001) and 2-h plasma glucose levels (p less than 0.05) of OGTT in the NGT and IGT groups. Out of the 15 IGT subjects only 6 had GHb levels above the control range, while 9 had normal GHb values. These data show that also in hyperlipemic subjects GHb values are related to glucose tolerance, and suggest that GHb evaluation alone is not sufficient for the diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance. In order to evaluate whether plasma turbidity can affect GHb dosage, GHb was evaluated in 10 hyperlipemic subjects with various degrees of hypertriglyceridemia both in the presence (whole blood hemolysate) and absence (isotonic saline hemolysate) of plasma triglycerides. The results show that, with our method, plasma turbidity does not affect GHb evaluation. PMID- 6666503 TI - Preclinical abnormality of left ventricular performance in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - The left ventricular systolic function of 32 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was investigated by measurement of systolic time intervals. Patients with clinical signs of sclerosis in the coronary arteries were excluded. Twenty-nine sex- and age-matched healthy people served as controls. Resting values of PEP/LVET ratio and of the corrected pre-ejection period were significantly higher in diabetics than in controls. The alterations of systolic time intervals during volume-loading induced by passive leg-raising as well as by isometric handgrip test indicated an increase in left ventricular performance in healthy people. The unchanged systolic time intervals observed in diabetics during the same loadings indicated a decrease in the functional reserve of the diabetic left ventricle. The systolic time intervals observed in patients with type-1 diabetes could be evaluated as a preclinical abnormality of left ventricular performance and as early signs of diabetic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6666504 TI - Absence of muscle capillary basement membrane thickening and retinopathy in patients with myocardial infarction and impaired i.v. glucose tolerance. AB - We have investigated the possible contribution of an early capillaropathy to the increased incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients who had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) during an i.v. glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). In lieu of the myocardium, biopsies from the quadriceps femoris muscle were studied for muscle capillary basement membrane (MCBM) thickening. Fluorescence angiography was performed to detect capillary retinopathy. Plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations were determined during IGT. Data were obtained from 14 male patients with MI and IGT on IVGTT. Nine healthy subjects served as controls. MCBM thickness was similar in patients and controls (1,107 +/- 55 vs 1,067 +/- 88 A). None of the patients had signs of capillary retinopathy, and plasma GH concentrations were not higher in the patients as compared to control subjects. It is concluded that, in patients with IGT on IVGTT, MCBM thickening is probably not a factor for the development of MI. PMID- 6666505 TI - Correlation between different degree and duration of metabolic control and thyroid hormone levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetics. AB - Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3) and HbA1c were assayed in 21 insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetics and in 45 non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetics with normal thyroid function and different levels of control, and were compared to values found in apparently healthy controls. rT3 and rT3/T3 ratio were significantly increased both in type 1 and type 2 diabetics. T3 and T4 were significantly lower in type 2 diabetics than in the controls. Significant positive correlations of HbA1c to rT3 (r = 0.63) and to rT3/T3 ratio (r = 0.53) were found in type 1, and in type 2 diabetics (HbA1c, rT3-r = 0.50), (HbA1c, rT3/T3-r = 0.37). There was no correlation between glycemia (BG), relative body weight (RBW) and thyroid hormones. These data suggest that the alterations of thyroid hormones in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus reflect the degree of control better than the hyperglycemia and the duration of metabolic unbalance. PMID- 6666507 TI - [Inhibitory effect of heparin in dogs with acute disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by tissue thromboplastin]. PMID- 6666506 TI - [Two novel cultured cell lines, A3/Kawasaki and A4/Fukuda, derived from malignant lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6666508 TI - [Complement testing in various diseases]. PMID- 6666509 TI - [Etiology, clinical significance and therapy of antithrombin III deficiencies]. PMID- 6666510 TI - [Cystic renal changes in chronic hemodialysed patients]. AB - In this study we investigated the appearance of renal cysts in 43 chronic hemodialyzed patients using ultrasound (3.5 MHz-sector scanner). The mean age of the patients was 45 years, and the mean duration of dialysis was 26.3 months. In 21 patients (= 49%) cysts could be found. In 10 of these patients a former investigation at beginning of dialysis did not demonstrate any cystic lesions. The diameter of the cysts varied between 5 and 30 mm. Considering the duration of dialysis, in 9 (= 39%) out of 23 patients with a maximum duration of dialysis of 2 years cysts could be demonstrated by ultrasound, and in 12 (= 60%) of 20 patients, who had been dialysed for more than 2 years. The clinical impact of the demonstration of such cysts was recently reported in cases which developed complications like tumour formation or severe bleeding. PMID- 6666511 TI - Interaction of short latency cortical responses to somatosensory and acoustic stimuli in anterior part of middle suprasylvian gyrus of cat's brain. AB - The work sums up the results of experiments in which interaction was studied between cortical short latency nonprimary responses (SNPR) produced by paired stimuli in the anterior part of the middle suprasylvian gyrus of cat's brain. In paired stimuli (somatosensory + acoustic or acoustic + somatosensory) the second stimulus (test stimulus) followed after the first stimulus (conditioning stimulus) in intervals of 20 to 400 ms. An analysis of the results demonstrates that in an animal anaesthetized with Nembutal (35 mg/kg) an interaction takes place between central systems taking part in the origin of acoustic and somatosensory SNPR in the anterior part of middle suprasylvian gyrus. On the basis of these data the authors conclude that acoustic and somatosensory SNPR in the anterior part of middle suprasylvian gyrus result from the activity of two different and independent systems. PMID- 6666512 TI - Psychological characteristics and heart rate response to exercise and emotional challenges. AB - The correlation was studied between heart rate responses to exercise and various emotional challenges and personality characteristics (MMPI) in healthy subjects, neurocirculatory asthenia and angina pectoris Higher scores in MMPI scales coincided with lower amplitude of HR oscillations, lower HR responses and longer HR recovery times, i.e. with symptoms of a worse functional state and adaptability of the cardiovascular system. PMID- 6666513 TI - Psychophysiological correlates of conflict solving and cigarette smoking. AB - Twenty-eight subjects participated in three sessions which involved three successive rows of STROOP stimuli presented in a spaced trial technique. The first session was a training session, and in the second and third sessions the subjects had to smoke in balanced sequence a 0.2 mg and a 1.2 mg nicotine cigarette between the second and third rows of STROOP stimuli. For these two smoking sessions these experimental subjects were compared with a yoked-control group which attended the task passively without responding to the stimuli but also had to smoke a 1.2 mg nicotine cigarette. Continuous psychophysiological recording showed: (a) Before smoking the heart rates were lower in the yoked than in the experimental subjects. (b) A gradual but modest habituation of intrasession heart rate and EEG measures developed in all experimental groups. (c) Pronounced skin conductance and vasoconstrictive responses to the STROOP stimuli persisted in the experimental groups without any tendency to habituate and without modification by smoking. (d) Significant smoking-induced tachycardia and cutaneous vasoconstriction were seen in the yoked subjects only. Behaviorally, puffing style of smoking was intensified in the experimental group as opposed to the yoked group, and smoking neither impaired nor improved STROOP performance. PMID- 6666514 TI - Temporal analysis of simple electrodermal responses. AB - The experiment was designed to determine a stable basis on which the GSR curve is formed. A theoretical model of a simple GSR has been proposed, with a description of its basic properties. Two dimensions of this model within which the GSR curve is plotted, are differentiated; time and value dimension A stable temporal scheme of GSR development was determined, where a ratio division of selected time sectors (active measurement points) has its base in the logarithm of the natural number "e". Certain practical consequences for its application in psychophysiological experiments have been deduced from the theoretical GSR curve. The discussion also bears on the need of an elucidation of the significance of GSR within the frame of reference of man's psychophysiological unit. PMID- 6666515 TI - Electrophysiological correlates preceding and following the movement onset in man. AB - The cortical potential changes associated with unilateral voluntary self-paced hand movements were detected over the surface of the scalp by the summation method of EEG activity in 20 young subjects. A typical complex wave form of average movement potential (AMP): N1, P1, N2, P2, were discerned in all subjects in our records. This paper presents the results of the topographical distribution of the second potential of the AMP (Premotion Positivity, P1) and the last potential of the AMP (Positive Postmovement onset Potential, P2). Our results indicate a bilateral symmetrical presence of both positive components precentrally and parietally. They also indicate that both these potentials are bilaterally large posterior to the rolandic fissure, and laterality effects in amplitudes occurred only in the second positive wave parietally during right-hand responses in right handers. PMID- 6666516 TI - Brain potentials related to additional isometric contraction. PMID- 6666517 TI - Influence of ethosuximide on metrazol-induced seizures during ontogenesis in rats. AB - Effects of metrazol (pentylenetetrazole and ethosuximide were studied in male albino rats aged 7, 12, 18 and 90 days. The 18-day-old rats exhibited the highest sensitivity to metrazol. CD50s in the remaining three age groups were nearly the same. Ethosuximide was reliably effective against metrazol only in adult rats; in young animals it did not significantly change CD50s. Metrazol induced in ethosuximide-pretreated young rats either modified (long-lasting minimal seizures in 18-day-old animals) or new seizure patterns (minimal seizures in 7- and 12-day old rats). PMID- 6666518 TI - The effect of noise on learning and retention. AB - Thirty one healthy adults (18 women and 13 men, aged 24 to 52 years) were studied in three experimental series. For testing the effect of noise on learning and retention--fixation of the learned--the partly modified method of the laboratory language was used. The experiments were performed in a quiet room at LAeq background noise to 40 dB. Basic microclimatic conditions were also observed. The subjects were tentatively and audiometrically examined. The noise load was a randomly variable noise of LAeq = 81-82 dB. The results of the study (a total of 64 individual tests) showed that the noise load had a negative effect on learning the laboratory language and retention--fixation of the learned. PMID- 6666519 TI - The effect of cyanide and oxygen on the pyknosis of leucocytes in psychically altered persons. PMID- 6666520 TI - Tissue distribution of thiopental and diazepam in rats at 71 atmospheres pressure. AB - 35S-thiopental 15 mg/kg and 14C-diazepam 5 mg/kg were injected intravenously in separate groups of rats (n = 6) at 1 ATA air and at 71 ATA air-He. Total radioactivity was measured in the brain, liver, kidney, muscle and fat after 1, 3, 5 and 15 min. The thiopental content was significantly reduced at pressure in the brain at 3, 5 and 15 min. The diazepam content of the brain was significantly reduced at pressure at 1, 5 and 15 min. The liver, muscle and kidney tissue generally contained slightly less of either drug at pressure, particularly at the earliest sampling times. PMID- 6666521 TI - Regulation of intracellular acid-base equilibrium in rats. AB - The extracellular pH (pHe) of unrestrained male Sprague-Dawley rats was altered by either inhalation of CO2 or infusion of sodium bicarbonate and then kept constant for at least 2 h. The intracellular pH (pHi) was then determined by the DMO (5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione)-method in heart, brain, liver, spleen, and ten different skeletal muscle groups. pHi varied linearly with pHe in the heart and the parenchymal organs. pHi in skeletal muscle remained constant over a pHe range from 7.31 to 7.45 but varied linearly with pHe outside this range. CONCLUSIONS: 1. pHi is influenced by CO2 inhalation or bicarbonate infusion. 2. pHi may be different in different tissues at specified pHe. 3. Skeletal muscle seems to be well protected against mild extracellular acidosis. 4. Slight changes of pHe affect the pHi of the heart, brain, liver, and spleen. 5. Regulation of intra- and extracellular acid-base balance probably occurs by bicarbonate transfer between the intra- and extracellular compartments. 6. The acid-base status of the various intracellular compartments cannot be determined from blood gas analysis. PMID- 6666522 TI - Stroke volume measured by pulsed ultrasound Doppler and M-mode echocardiography. AB - The velocity of the bloodstream in the ascending aorta was measured by pulsed ultrasound Doppler. The diameter of the aorta was measured by M-mode echocardiography. Forty-three measurements were performed in six patients, who all had a Swan-Ganz catheter. The calculated stroke volumes from the Doppler-Echo method were compared with the stroke volumes measured by the thermodilution technique, which was performed simultaneously with the Doppler measurements. The correlation between the measurements was good (r = 0.08). It is concluded that it is possible non-invasively to measure stroke volume (and cardiac output) by means of ultrasound Doppler and an echocardiograph. PMID- 6666523 TI - Influence of dixyrazine on intestinal and renal vasoconstrictor responses during fentanyl-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. AB - In cats (n = 24) anaesthetized with fentanyl-nitrous oxide and diazepam, stimulation of the hypothalamic defence-alarm area (DA) or afferent activation of somatic pain fibres (SA), elicited a pronounced increase in intestinal (DA 297%, SA 107%) and renal (DA 214%, SA 90%) vascular resistance as well as a decrease in diuresis. These stress-related responses were markedly counteracted by dixyrazine (0.15-0.5 mg X kg-1 b.w.i.v.), especially in the kidney where the subsequent increase in vascular resistance to DA and SA stimulations amounted to only 25% and 13%, respectively, while diuresis increased. Corresponding data for stimulation-induced increases in intestinal vascular resistance after dixyrazine were DA 156% and SA 28%. Dixyrazine is suggested to act both through interaction with peripheral alpha-adrenergic mechanisms in control of vascular tone and through central nervous cardiovascular reflex depression. In man (n = 7), during a similar form of anaesthesia, portal vein blood flow (1137 +/- 177 ml) was measured by the continuous thermodilution method. Preportal tissue vascular resistance during surgery decreased significantly (11.3 vs 8.7 kPa X min X ml-1 X 10(-3] after i.v. dixyrazine (0.15 mg X kg-1 b.w.). A concomitant increase in oxygen uptake in preportal tissues occurred (19.9 ml min-1 vs 24.5 ml X min-1). PMID- 6666524 TI - The effect of local scavenging on occupational exposure to nitrous oxide. AB - Despite evacuation of excess anaesthetic gases at the expiratory valve of the anaesthetic circuit and a general ventilation system producing 17-20 air changes per hour, mask anaesthesia often causes occupational exposure to anaesthetic gases exceeding the threshold limit values. The effect of a local air exhaust system, a local scavenger, on occupational exposure to nitrous oxide during paediatric mask anaesthesia was studied. The scavenger evacuated 140 m3 of air per hour and was placed at a distance of 20 cm from the face mask. In a very poorly ventilated operating theatre the exposure to nitrous oxide was reduced by 75% during the anaesthetic sessions and exposure to concentrations above 500 ppm was almost eliminated. The experiences from the installation and clinical use are discussed. Local scavenging is an excellent complement to the scavenging of excess gases at the expiratory valve, and it may be considered an alternative to expensive, high-capacity ventilation systems. PMID- 6666525 TI - Respiratory complications following surgery. Improved prediction with preoperative spirometry. AB - Patients who are old, overweight, who smoke and/or have symptoms of respiratory disease have an increased risk of atelectases and/or arterial hypoxemia in conjunction with surgery. The present study in 53 middle-aged men, operated on for gallbladder or peptic ulcer disease, illustrates how spirometry can be used to improve the prediction of respiratory complications. The relative risk of atelectases was greater in patients with functional residual capacity-closing capacity (FRC-CC) below -0.11 and the risk prediction based on age, body weight, smoking habits and respiratory symptoms was improved by adding information on FRC CC. Arterial hypoxemia was more common in patients with wash-out volumes (WOV) above than below 35 l. The preoperative identification in high-risk patients of arterial hypoxemia based on the above-mentioned risk factors, was improved by adding information on WOV. PMID- 6666526 TI - Effect of tubocurarine and decamethonium on voluntary muscle contractions in man. AB - Six healthy, young male subjects performed repeated brisk maximal voluntary muscle contractions (MVC) with the knee and hip extensors. Three MVCs were performed every minute. On separate days decamethonium 0.03 mg X kg-1 and tubocurarine 0.01 mg X kg-1 were administered intravenously during repeated MVCs. While ordinary MVCs showed a slow rate of rise of tension over approximately 1 s, brisk MVCs showed a steep rate of rise of tension and a biphasic configuration appeared, as a notch was seen 370-480 ms after the initiation of the contraction curve. An arbitrary straight line was drawn connecting the starting point of the contraction curve and the notch. The tension time integral to the left and above this line (alpha component), respectively to the right and below the line (beta component) was measured during the first 600 ms of the contraction. Tubocurarine affected the beta component until 70% reduced. With further curarization, the remainder of the beta component was reduced together with the alpha component. Decamethonium, in contrast, affected the alpha component together with 30% of the beta component. Thereafter, the rest of the beta component was increasingly affected. The results suggest that the isometric mechanogram is composed of a phasically active component with a high innervation threshold primarily sensitive to decamethonium, and a tonically active component with a lower innervation threshold, and primarily sensitive to tubocurarine. PMID- 6666527 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias in intubated children during adenoidectomy. A comparison between enflurane and halothane anaesthesia. AB - In 75 children undergoing adenoidectomy, occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias and influence of anaesthesia on respiration were studied during halothane and enflurane anaesthesia. All the children were intubated orally. In 25 children halothane, and in another 25 children enflurane was used during spontaneous ventilation. Twenty-five children were also followed during halothane anaesthesia with manually controlled ventilation. The overall incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was higher during halothane anaesthesia (72% at spontaneous breathing and 68% with controlled ventilation) than during enflurane anaesthesia (32%, P less than 0.05). Ventricular arrhythmias were noted in 20% of the spontaneously breathing children in 12% of those with controlled ventilation during halothane anaesthesia. Three children breathing spontaneously during halothane anaesthesia developed ventricular tachycardia. During enflurane anaesthesia the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was lower (8%) in spite of higher end-tidal CO2 tensions and an anaesthetic depth that was only just the level needed to allow intubation. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmia during halothane anaesthesia was shown to be influenced by the anaesthetic technique used, which was not found with enflurane anaesthesia. The greater stability in cardiac rhythm with enflurane indicates a more favourable effect of this agent on the myocardium as well as a decreased sympathetic response to anaesthesia and surgery as compared with halothane anaesthesia. PMID- 6666529 TI - Oxygen transport during hemodilution in normoxic and hypoxic dogs treated with verapamil. AB - In order to determine the possible limitations of acute isovolemic hemodilution in patients taking verapamil, the various factors determining oxygen availability were analyzed in an animal experiment. Twenty-four anaesthetized dogs were subjected to a gradual isovolemic hemodilution. Six dogs received a bolus injection of 0.1 mg kg-1 of verapamil followed by 0.01 mg kg-1 min-1. In 12 dogs, mild hypoxic hypoxia was induced by ventilation with 16-17% oxygen; six of them also received verapamil. Six dogs served as a control group. In the latter, due to an increase in heart rate and stroke volume, oxygen availability in the clinically relevant range of hemodilution between HC 25 and 25% was maintained at 81% of its control value. In normoxic animals treated with verapamil, oxygen availability decreased more rapidly and was below the level of the control group once HC reached 25%. Mild hypoxic hypoxia alone did not reduce oxygen availability as much as its combination with verapamil. Even though the verapamil induced reduction in oxygen availability was similar during normoxia and hypoxia, the sharp rise in serum lactate at HC levels below 35-30% in the hypoxic verapamil group was a sign of impairment of tissue oxygenation. Hematocrit levels below 35-30% and even moderate hypoxemia should be avoided whenever the cardiovascular response to hemodilution is influenced by verapamil. PMID- 6666531 TI - Postnatal development of sarcolemmal invaginations in right atrial myocardium of the rat. AB - Postnatal development of the sarcolemmal invaginations of right atrial cells of the rat has been studied using standard fixation combined with tannic acid mordanting. T tubules were seen to form at Z lines as simple tubular invaginations starting at the 14th postnatal day. T tubules were present in most cells by the 18th postnatal day but, as in the adult, were restricted to peripheral regions. Also, between the 16th and 18th postnatal day a proliferation of caveolae was seen, both as single vesicles and as complexes with up to a dozen caveolae sharing the same neck. The caveolar complexes persisted in the adult and did not seem to contribute significantly to the formation of the T tubules. Dyadic couplings were seen to become more abundant as T tubules and caveolae proliferated. These findings are discussed in relation to transsarcolemmal Ca2+ movements and excitation-contraction coupling during postnatal development. PMID- 6666528 TI - Haemodynamic comparison of dopamine and dobutamine in normovolaemic and hypovolaemic dogs. AB - The haemodynamic effects of dopamine and dobutamine in doses of 1-106 micrograms/kg/min were compared in dogs, first in the normovolaemic state and then after bleeding (10 ml/kg). In normovolaemia, dopamine caused a dose dependent rise in systolic, mean and diastolic aortic pressures, while dobutamine caused a rise only in systolic pressure. In hypovolaemia, a rise in all three aortic pressures, was caused by both drugs, but to a lesser extent by dobutamine. Heart rate and cardiac output were similarly increased by both drugs, as was pulmonary artery pressure with high doses, in both states. Renal blood flow and diuresis increased in the middle-dose area. Both inotropic drugs caused an elevation in Paco2 and a drop in Pao2 and O2-saturation in both normovolaemia and hypovolaemia. The results agree with current opinion on the dose-dependent alpha sympathomimetic action of dopamine and the relatively pure beta-action of dobutamine. PMID- 6666530 TI - Clinical effects of regional intravenous guanethidine (Ismelin) in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. AB - Twenty patients with documented reflex sympathetic dystrophy were treated with a series of regional intravenous guanethidine blocks. The mean delay between the first clinical symptoms and the start of guanethidine blocks was 3.6 months. The overall result was good in 11 patients, moderate in two patients and poor in seven patients. Poor results are due mainly to incorrect diagnosis and to application either too late in the third phase or too early in the first phase when only signs of increased blood flow are part of the symptomatology. Side effects, except pain after the injection, were few and of minor importance. The tolerance of the procedure may be improved by preceding the injection of guanethidine by an injection of a local anaesthetic agent. It may be concluded that with correct diagnosis and indication, guanethidine injections may play an important part in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy and may replace sympathetic blocks with local anaesthetics because of the longer duration of action and lower incidence of serious side-effects. PMID- 6666532 TI - Thin-section, tracer, and freeze-fracture study of the smooth-ended maturation ameloblasts in rat incisors. AB - The morphology and functional roles of the smooth-ended maturation ameloblasts (SAs) of rat incisors were examined by means of routine thin sections, tracer experiments, and freeze-fracture replication. SAs possessed two sets of junctional complexes consisting of tight junctions (fasiae occludentes) and gap junctions at the proximal and distal ends. Neither the proximal nor the distal junctional complex formed a complete barrier around the cell; intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reached the developing enamel surface through SAs extracellular spaces. SA supranuclear cytoplasm included such various cytoplasmic vesicles as the multivesicular body (MVB), large and vacuoles, dense body, and coated vesicles. The HRP that reached the enamel surface was incorporated into some coated vesicles and small vacuoles via coated pits and membrane invaginations of the distal cell surface of SA. Then, in the process of time, it migrated into the MVB and large endocytic vacuoles. These results indicate that the SA layer forms an extracellular transfer route for metabolites between papillary layer and the enamel surface and that SAs absorb exogenous protein. PMID- 6666533 TI - Study of mandibular shape in the mouse. AB - Mandibular shape was compared by the technique of medial axis transformation between four inbred strains of mice fed upon 'hard' and 'soft' diets. Multivariate analysis of component medial axis lengths showed the interstrain contrasts to be slightly greater between animals maintained on 'hard' as opposed to 'soft' diets. The mandibular shape contrasts primarily reflected differences of the ramus compared with the corpus, although the reasons for such changes have yet to be fully investigated. PMID- 6666534 TI - Appendix epididymidis and aberrant ductules of the bull: light-microscopic and ultrastructural study. AB - The appendix epididymidis and aberrant ductules possessed similar morphological characteristics. The epithelium was 31 +/- 3 microns in height and consisted primarily of ciliated and nonciliated cells, although a few lymphocytes were also present. The ultrastructure of major cell types showed most cell organelles in their cytoplasm. However, these organelles were poorly developed, suggesting that neither cell type performed either a secretory or an absorptive function. Although the vestigial organs and ductuli efferentes were similar in epithelial height and epithelial cell types, there were important morphological differences that were reliably used to differentiate between the two. First, the luminal diameter was significantly smaller in the vestigial organs (60 +/- 12 vs. 146 +/- 44 microns in the ductuli efferentes). Second, the nonciliated cells of the vestigial organs, unlike those of the ductuli efferentes, lacked both dense granules and vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Finally, the tubular cross-sections of the vestigial organs were closely packed and were located at the tip of the caput epididymidis in the case of the appendix epididymidis, and between the lobules of the ductuli efferentes in the case of the aberrant ductules. PMID- 6666535 TI - Alterations in protein and mineral contents of rat skull bones, evoked by different protein levels of the diet. AB - Holtzman rats of both sexes were fed one of the following semisynthetic diets; 25% protein (control), 10% protein (slight malnutrition), 5% protein (medium malnutrition), and 2% protein (severe malnutrition). The skulls were cleaned and disarticulated with papain; they were defatted, dried, and the total weight (Tw) of each bone was determined. A gravimetric method of estimating bone protein mineral ratio was performed. Following a decalcification with EDTA, the protein matrix was weighed (PMw). A protein-mineral index (PMI) was defined as: PMI = 100 (Tw-PMw)/Tw. The nutritional deficiencies imposed affected the protein and/or mineral contents of the bones according to three different patterns. The first pattern was followed by the bones of the vault and the facial region. The second one included the basicranial bones. The third one comprised the incisors. These patterns were associated with the histogenetic characteristics of the bones and teeth. A relationship between these findings and previously ascertained functional craniofacial variations in malnourished rats was found. From the differential behavior of the base, the vault, the masticatory apparatus and the incisors, it was inferred that each of these functional cranial components reacted to the experimentally unbalanced nutrition, according to a specific kind of adaptive mechanism. PMID- 6666536 TI - Effects of experimental hyperadrenocorticism on the growth of the femur and tibia in normal and bipedal rats. AB - Daily subcutaneous injections of glucocorticoid preparations have been shown to produce clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism which resulted in interference with the growth of rats, shown by measurements both of body weight and of the length of long bones. The purpose of this study was to see if increased, intermittent, compressive forces, produced by experimental bipedalism, would mitigate the negative effects of cortisone injections on long bone growth and if there would be a difference in reaction between male and female rats. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for control, cortisone-injected, and cortisone-injected plus bipedal groups. Experimental bipedalism was produced at 10 days of age; cortisone injections began at 30 days of age; all animals were sacrificed at 65 days of age. Tibial and femoral lengths were measured. The results do not support the hypothesis that bipedalism can be instrumental in mitigating the effects of hyperadrenocorticism on hindlimb long bone growth. PMID- 6666537 TI - Changes induced by apamin from bee venom on differentiated mouse neuroblastoma cells in culture. AB - The minor active component of bee venom was applied to mouse neuroblastoma cultures. The cytological changes observed are reported. After 8-10 h of incubation with 5 micrograms/ml of apamin in the culture medium, considerable retractions of the processes are apparent. Electron microscopically, the alterations seen are predominantly found in the subcellular organelles. The peculiar configuration of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is striking. Concentric whorls of cisternae seem to engulf the remaining ground substance. Following a 24 hour incubation with 5 micrograms/ml of apamin, the cell membrane disintegrates. A deeply infolded nucleus, vacuoles and remnants of cell organelles are present. The previously intact synapses are totally degenerated. Similar experiments using lower concentrations of apamin do not depict any apparent changes either light or electron microscopically. PMID- 6666538 TI - The association of a retroesophageal right subclavian artery, a right-sided terminating thoracic duct, and a left vertebral artery of aortic origin: anatomical and clinical considerations. AB - The findings in a cadaver demonstrated: (a) an aberrant retroesophageal right subclavian artery (RRSA); (b) a thoracic duct (Th.d.) terminating at the junction of the right internal jugular and subclavian veins ('venous angle'), and (c) a left vertebral artery (LVA) of aortic origin. The origin of the RRSA from the aortic arch was distal and medial to the left subclavian artery and it reached the upper extremity by crossing posterior to the esophagus. The Th.d. ran a normal retroesophageal course in the mediastinum, until it was intercepted by the anomalous subclavian artery. At this level the Th.d. was deflected towards the right and, accompanied by the anomalous artery, reached the right venous angle. The LVA arose from the aortic arch between the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries, and ascended to the transverse foramen of C6. The practical importance of associations in general is discussed, and the special diagnostic and surgical significance of the RRSA and Th.d. is stressed. PMID- 6666539 TI - Taste bud papillae on the retromolar mucosa of the rat, mouse and golden hamster. AB - The retromolar mucosa of the rat, mouse and golden hamster was observed by light and scanning electron microscopy. Numerous taste bud papillae, each of which formed a low round eminence containing one to several taste buds, were present in the posterior region of the retromolar mucosa, and were especially concentrated in the vicinity of the orifices of the molar glands. This topographical coincidence suggests that the retromolar mucosa of these animals has a functional role as a taste organ. Microridges, arranged in various patterns and small pits, were observed on the surface of the keratinized epithelium of the rat and mouse retromolar mucosa. It appears that the development of numerous microridges is adapted for varied stimuli in the oral cavity. PMID- 6666540 TI - Asymmetries in body part size, mobility, and usage. Relationship between structure and function. AB - Asymmetries in structure (size) and function (usage or mobility) for the upper and lower face, hands, and feet were investigated in 42 left- and right-handed male and female college students. Size measurements were taken from photographs, mobility was rated from videotapes, and usage was assessed by questionnaire. Size asymmetries were typical, and independent of handedness, but were not consistent across body parts; usage asymmetries varied as a function of handedness. No systematic relationships were found between structure and function. PMID- 6666542 TI - [Teaching of embryology]. PMID- 6666541 TI - [3-dimensional photographs as instructional material for the embryology laboratory]. PMID- 6666543 TI - [Abstracts of the 88th annual meeting of the Japanese Association of Anatomists]. PMID- 6666544 TI - Iron and oxygen radicals in tissue damage: implications for the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. AB - The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are an important group of progressive encephalopathies characterized by accumulation of autofluorescent storage material, which probably arise during the destruction of cells by lipid peroxidation and the action of oxygen radicals such as superoxide (O.2-) and the hydroxyl radical (OH.). The rates of lipid peroxidation and of superoxide dependent hydroxyl radical formation would be greatly accelerated by the presence of non-protein-bound iron salts. Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with different types of NCL has a higher level of non-protein-bound iron and lower antioxidant activity than that of controls. The raised iron content and decreased antioxidant protection found in cerebrospinal fluids may be symptomatic of a more general abnormality in iron metabolism and protection against its damaging effects. PMID- 6666545 TI - The incidence of optic neuritis and its prognosis for multiple sclerosis. AB - An incidence study of idiopathic optic neuritis (ON) was carried out in 2 geographic areas of Finland for the 9-year period 1970 to 1978. The southern province of Uusimaa composes a medium-risk and the western province of Vaasa a high-risk area for multiple sclerosis (MS). The risk for subsequent MS was determined. A total of 315 attacks on ON were recorded in 296 patients. The mean annual age-adjusted incidence for ON in Uusimaa was 2.2 and in Vaasa 2.5 per 100,000 population. The incidence figures remained unchanged all the time. The mean age at onset was 30 years. 19% of ON patients developed MS during the mean follow-up period of 5.1 years. When the life-table method of analysis was used, the probability of developing MS was 38% in Uusimaa and 24% in Vaasa 9 years after acute optic neuritis. In Uusimaa the risk of women for MS was significantly higher than in men. In 47%, the MS symptoms and signs developed within 1 year and in 90% within 5 years after the initial bout of ON. It is possible that only one part of idiopathic ON cases do have a relationship with MS. PMID- 6666546 TI - The influence of high-dose prednisone medication on autoantibody specific activity and on circulating immune complex level in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. AB - In agreement with the close correlation between intrathecal IgG production and anti-MBP (myelin basic protein) and anti-MAG (myelin-associated glycoprotein) antibody activity in the CSF of active MS cases, and parallel to the reduction of intrathecal IgG synthesis resulting from corticosteroids medication, we have found a significant reduction of anti-MBP and anti-MAG antibody activity expressed per 0.5 micrograms of CSF IgG in the same group of 40 MS patients subjected to high-dose prednisone therapy. Every patient received 3980 mg of prednisone over 54 days. In native CSF of 30% (21/70) of active MS cases, circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detected by C1q binding solid-phase RIA. There was no correlation between CIC level in the CSF or MS patients and 1. IgG index which was used as an indicator of intrathecal IgG synthesis, or 2. CSF anti MBP specific antibody activity, or 3. CSF anti-MAG specific antibody activity. High-dose prednisone therapy resulted in a highly significant reduction of the CSF CIC level. CIC were also found in the CSF of patients affected with various chronic diseases of the CNS. PMID- 6666547 TI - Epidemiologic study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Sardinia, Italy. AB - From 1957 to 1980 in Sardinia, 182 cases of ALS with a mean annual incidence of 0.51 per 100,000 inhabitants and a prevalence rate of 3.65 per 100,000 inhabitants (prevalence day 21.10.1971) were observed. The disease was found to be more common in males, in subjects aged 50 to 70 years and in farmers and shepherds. Incidence in various areas of the island was found to be different. The common form was more frequent, had earlier onset and greater median survival rate. PMID- 6666548 TI - Multivariate analysis of the serum-cerebrospinal fluid-protein-relation for the diagnosis of neurological diseases of the central nervous systems. AB - In a population comprising 197 patients, serum and CSF proteins were assayed using the radial immunodiffusion technique devised by Mancini. Multiple discriminants analysis was applied to investigate whether the measured CSF/serum protein relations and their ratios could be regarded as an indicator of specific neurological diseases. One significant finding was that the slope angle alpha of the regression line between the serum/CSF relation and molecular weight may represent an important indicative parameter. A small angle is suggestive of enhanced permeability of the BBB, a large angle of a correspondingly lowered permeability. Further, the analyses demonstrated that the combined use of several predictors can markedly improve differential diagnosis. The study also demonstrates the potential of a statistical analytic technique that is still rarely applied in medicine. PMID- 6666549 TI - Serum concentration of clonazepam after rectal administration. AB - The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the absorption of clonazepam administered rectally. 10 adult non-epileptics were given 0.02 mg clonazepam/kg body weight, and blood samples were drawn 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min after administration. The concentrations were measured by gas-chromatography. To gain an impression of the serum concentration after intravenous administration, 2 persons were given 1 mg clonazepam and blood samples were drawn and analyzed in the same way as after rectal administration. Peak values occurred 10 to 30 min after rectal administration; the values were between 18 and 57 nmol/l. After intravenous administration, the values were very high within the first 10-15 min; hereafter the concentrations were about the same level as the peak values after rectal administration, indicating that clonazepam is well-absorbed after rectal administration and can be used in the treatment of status epilepticus, possibly in larger doses than those used in this study. PMID- 6666550 TI - Urinary excretion of taurine in epilepsy. AB - The level of urinary taurine and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids were estimated in 19 cases of epilepsy. These levels were then compared with those of normal healthy subjects. The urinary taurine levels were significantly higher in epilepsy and have diagnostic as well as prognostic significance. PMID- 6666551 TI - The tendency to repeat gestational age and birth weight in successive births, related to perinatal survival. AB - The risk of perinatal death was studied in relation to the tendency for mothers to carry their fetuses to similar gestational ages and birth weights in successive pregnancies. The data for this study are derived from all 635 140 births in Norway during a 10-year period (1967-76). The findings demonstrate that those babies that were born similar in age and size to their elder siblings ran the lowest risk of perinatal death. For example, the perinatal mortality rate (PMR) for second-birth babies weighing between 2 501 and 3 000 g is 9.1 per 1 000 births if the first baby weighed 3 000 grams or less. But the PMR is 50% higher, 13.3 per 1 000 births, when the first baby weighed between 3 001 and 3 500 g. If the first baby weighed more than 3 500 g, then the PMR is 3 1/2 times greater, 32.1 per 1 000 births. In addition to gestational age and birth weight, the Medical Birth Registry of Norway also records measurements of crown-heel length. The length data show that babies at greatest risk for perinatal mortality tend to be relative long and thin rather than symmetrically developed. For example, the PMR for second babies weighing between 2 501 and 3 000 grams who were disproportionately long (greater than 46 cm) was 4.6 times greater than the PMR for the average length babies of the same birth weight. The investigation of cause-specific mortality rates showed that most categories were increased for the higher risk babies. However, congenital malformation was the principal contributor to deaths of the relatively short babies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6666552 TI - Acute fatty liver of pregnancy with complicating disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - A description is given of acute fatty liver of pregnancy in a 26-year-old primigravida who survived. Complicating disseminated intravascular coagulation was diagnosed at parturition, and the importance of early diagnosis of this is emphasized. A suggestion for treatment is given as a possible means of improving the prognosis in this mostly fatal disease. PMID- 6666553 TI - The definition and the significance of decreased fetal movements. AB - The ability to diagnose severe chronic fetal distress-impending death utilizing the six different definitions of decreased fetal movement (DFM) currently in use, was evaluated retrospectively in 616 high-risk pregnant women. The study reveals the superiority of two definitions as prognostic tools: The "movements alarm signal" (MAS), i.e. no fetal movements (FM) for at least 12 hours with audible fetal heart beats, and "ten and less FM" (less than or equal to 10 FM), i.e. ten or fewer FM in 12 hours. The application of these definitions distinguished two groups of patients which included significantly more poor outcomes than were contained by the groups of patients based on the other definitions. MAS was the definition also selecting the group with fewest false-positive cases. The monitoring of FM while utilizing one of the above two definitions of DFM as cut off points for suspected impending fetal death is a useful adjunct in high-risk pregnancy management. PMID- 6666554 TI - Prognostic importance of ascites in ovarian carcinoma. AB - In a well-controlled series of 501 ovarian carcinomas the prognostic importance of peritoneal effusion (ascites) at the time of diagnosis was analysed by the life table technique (survival curves) and log-rank resting. Ascites was present in 44.1% (221/501) of the new cases in the complete series but in 74.7% with stage III tumors and 55.5% with seropapillary adenocarcinomas. The histology and degree of differentiation were of no importance for the frequency of ascites within each individual tumor stage. In stage I tumors the occurrence of ascites is of prognostic significance per se, regardless of histology and grade, probably owing to the facilitation of tumor cell spread. In higher stages, tumor volume and spread are of the utmost importance and the presence or absence of peritoneal fluid does not affect the probability of survival. PMID- 6666555 TI - Cardiovascular effects of terbutalin in pregnant women. AB - Terbutalin, a beta-mimetic drug, appears to have a favorable beta 2:beta 1 ratio. It is suitable for uterine relaxation. Ten normotensive pregnant women with imminent premature labor were studied during intravenous infusion of terbutalin with the non-invasive method of quantitative sphygmometry. Cardiac output increased and total peripheral resistance decreased. As there was only slight variation in the arterial blood pressure, terbutalin is indicated especially in cases with hypotension. PMID- 6666556 TI - Neoplasia in the vagina following hysterectomy for dysplasia or carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. AB - With a view to establishing some of the factors responsible for an increased risk of neoplasia in the vagina following primary hysterectomy for dysplasia or carcinoma in situ of the cervix, 63 surgical specimens from patients with subsequent neoplasia in the vagina have been compared with specimens from 40 patients without subsequent neoplasia. We found the frequency of neoplasia in the vagina to be greater when dysplasia or carcinoma in situ could be demonstrated in the vaginal margin. Neither the degree of endocervical glandular involvement, the number of mitoses, nor the inflammatory response of the connective tissue appeared to be significant in this respect. No significant connection was found between the severity of the preinvasive lesion of the cervix and the subsequent neoplasia in the vagina. PMID- 6666557 TI - Deep vein thrombosis during pregnancy. A prospective study. AB - Seventeen women with thrombosis during pregnancy were studied prospectively. The deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was diagnosed objectively with phlebography, plethysmography and thermography. In many cases (13/17) the dominant symptom was diffuse pain in the lower abdomen and/or leg which in several cases caused a delay in the diagnosis. The traditionally typical thrombotic signs were often missing. Proximal thrombi were predominant (13/17) as were left-sided ones (14/17). During pregnancy and lactation the patients were treated with heparin which, after the initial parenteral administration, was given subcutaneously by self-administration. In conclusion, DVT must be suspected and non-invasive diagnostic tests be liberally performed in cases of uncharacteristic lateral and/or declive abdominal pain or leg pain during pregnancy. The DVT must always be objectively verified before treatment. In patients with pregnancy DVT there is no indication for early labor induction and the patients can be delivered by the normal vaginal route. It is recommended that patients with DVT during pregnancy should be treated with heparin subcutaneously which can be self-administered. The post-partum treatment may be continued for 2-3 months with heparin subcutaneously or peroral anticoagulants. PMID- 6666558 TI - Pregnancy and venous thrombo-embolism. AB - In 30 patients with objectively diagnosed and 13 with clinically diagnosed venous thrombosis during pregnancy the extension and localization of the thrombotic process was analysed in relation to the coagulation and fibrinolytic status at least 6 months after thrombosis. Left-sided thrombi pre-dominated, being more extensive and proximal on the left side. Most thrombi started during the last two trimesters. Few changes were found in the coagulation system. Nineteen per cent of the patients showed a defective fibrinolytic system, as diagnosed by a reduced release capacity and/or a reduced fibrinolytic activity in the vessel wall. No great differences were found between patients with clinical vs. objective diagnosis. PMID- 6666559 TI - Variations in the effect of epidural morphine in gynecological and obstetric patients. AB - A prospective study was performed on the effect of epidural morphine (2 mg in 10 ml of saline) in three groups of patients: (1) following gynecological operations, 60; (2) following cesarean section, 120; (3) patients in active labor, 30. Pain relief in the first group was uniformly and almost invariably complete for up to 24 hours. In the second group spasmodic visceral pain was felt after about 10 hours, relieved by light analgesics. The wound was not painful. In the third group only hypoalgesia was obtained during labor, but if an episiotomy was done, the pain in the perineum was relieved. Few side effects were observed: urinary retention, vomiting, and non-segmental itching. Neither motor nor sympathetic block were noted. The somatic effect of epidural morphine was reliable and uniform, whereas visceral pain was poorly affected. The side effects cause relatively little disturbance at the dose used. PMID- 6666560 TI - Teenage deliveries in a Swedish population in the 1970's. AB - The investigated material consists of all teenage deliveries in the city of Malmo, Sweden, during the 1970's. For the years of 1972 and 1976, before and after the new abortion act in Sweden, a more detailed study of the pregnancy and delivery has been performed. The study shows that the frequency of adolescent deliveries decreases by about 30% during the 1970's. However, the teenage proportion of the total number of pregnancies remains still unchanged. The investigation also confirms that there is an increased incidence of preterm delivery and low birth weight babies in teenagers, but in other respects there is no increased risk to mother or child in teenage pregnancy. 82% of the teenage mothers were primigravidae and during the first year after delivery, 10.5% of the teenagers fell pregnant again. This is higher than that in a contemporary abortion material, where the corresponding figure is 6.5%. PMID- 6666561 TI - Intact fetal membranes. Morphological predisposal to rupture. AB - Samples from different parts of the fetal membranes were examined by both light and transmission electron microscopy. Samples were obtained during elective cesarean section after full-term normal pregnancy. The results indicated that the different layers of the membranes had undergone ultrastructural changes varying according to the site from which the sample was taken. Samples taken from areas geometrically opposite to the placenta showed evidence of tension on the amniotic epithelium and disruption of the basement membrane. Samples taken from the area covering the internal os showed changes in the collagenous material. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6666562 TI - Cytoplasmic progestin receptors in myomal and myometrial tissues. Concentrations and hormonal dependency. AB - Cytoplasmic progestin receptors in human myometrium and myomata of uteri, both with and without tumors, were determined. The same concentration was found in all tissues when expressed in terms of tissue weight or DNA content. However, tumors had slightly more receptors when calculated per mg of soluble protein. This was due to the fact that myomata contained considerably less soluble protein than the normal myometrium. The receptors present were dependent upon the serum concentration of estradiol. Increasing values were accompanied by an increase in the number of receptors. At estradiol levels exceeding 500 pmoles/l their number reached a plateau and became independent of the hormone concentration. Progesterone had no influence except at very high levels where it depressed the number of receptors significantly. The investigation did not reveal any difference in the number of or the hormonal regulation of cytoplasmic progesterone receptors present in the various tissues. However, it showed that tumors contained considerably less soluble protein than normal myometrium. PMID- 6666563 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of maternal blood cells and their surface relationship with the placenta. AB - With the aid of the scanning electron microscope the surface of full-term human placenta and the maternal blood cells displayed on that surface were examined. The possible site(s) of materno-fetal transfer of gases were further investigated. Small, fresh pieces of tissue were obtained and processed from at least six regions of central and peripheral parts of the maternal surface. It seemed that there is a firm association between the presence of the maternal red blood cells, the main vehicles for gas transport, and that of the microvilli. Our results clearly confirm the absence of maternal blood cells from the smooth apices of the dome-shaped protrusions that occur on the tips of some floating villi. However, maternal red blood cells were consistently seen in close contact only with areas covered with microvilli. Direct evidence of the close contact was demonstrated by either red cell adherence to the microvilli or by their lying in recesses on the trophoblastic surfaces. Impressions ("foot prints") on some surfaces, and the presence of red blood cells with detached microvilli adhering to their surfaces were interpreted as indirect evidence for the adherence. The lack of such evidence regarding the white blood cells or platelets is remarkable. Different types of white blood cells were identified in various shapes, ranging from rounded to flattened. Some of them possessed surface microvilli, while others demonstrated projections and surface folds. Our findings indicate, therefore, that the red cells have a unique and intimate relationship with the trophoblastic surfaces more so than the other blood corpuscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6666564 TI - Outcome of delivery subsequent to vacuum-aspiration abortion in nulliparous women. AB - Altogether 4719 women who had had a legally induced abortion in Uppsala County during 1970-75 were followed by means of computerized record linkage, and deliveries during 1970-78 after abortion were noted. Out of 1 364 deliveries traced, 670 were to primiparas who had had a previous vacuum-aspiration (VA) abortion. The outcome of the delivery for the 670 women was compared with that of matched controls, 622 primiparas and 626 secundiparas. Confounding variables were checked for by multiple regression analysis using the infant's birthweight and gestational duration as dependent variables. This analysis showed that the abortion did not have a statistically significant effect on the outcome. Low birth weight infants and preterm delivery did not occur more often after a previous VA abortion. PMID- 6666565 TI - Metabolism of estrone sulfate in human endometrium. AB - The metabolism of [3H] estrone sulfate was studied in endometrial tissue obtained from postmenopausal women with atrophic endometrium (I), benign endometrial proliferative changes (II) and endometrial carcinoma (III) and in perimenopausal women with proliferative (IV) and secretory (V) endometrium. Total hydrolysis (i.e. formation of [3H] estrone + [3H] estradiol-17 beta) of [3H] estrone sulfate as well as formation of [3H] estradiol-17 beta only was significantly less in group I than in the other groups. The formation of [3H] estradiol-17 beta was greater in group V than in the other groups. It is speculated that formation of estradiol-17 beta in the endometrium from estrone sulfate may be of importance in the genesis of endometrial disorders in the postmenopausal woman. PMID- 6666566 TI - Carcinoid tumor of the uterine cervix. AB - A case of well differentiated carcinoid in the uterine cervix in a 60-year-old white woman is presented, with histochemical and ultrastructural examinations. The patient was treated by hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection. No systemic endocrine manifestations were detected. The patient is alive and free from recurrence 11 months after detection of the tumor. PMID- 6666567 TI - Estriol screening in pregnancy. PMID- 6666568 TI - [Physiology of the astragalar region]. PMID- 6666569 TI - [Vascularization of the astragalus]. PMID- 6666570 TI - [Fractures and dislocations of the astragalus. Review of 359 cases]. PMID- 6666571 TI - [Dome-shaped astragalus]. PMID- 6666572 TI - [Serious injuries of the astragalus. Fracture dislocations, comminuted fractures and total dislocations]. PMID- 6666573 TI - [Treatment of recent articular fractures of the calcaneus. The place of surgical treatment and the value of osteosynthesis using a stool-shaped staple]. PMID- 6666574 TI - PC ankle prosthesis. Five year follow-up. PMID- 6666575 TI - [Treatment of chronic laxity of the ankle by retightening of the external ligaments. Apropos of 37 cases]. PMID- 6666576 TI - [Chronic instability of the ankle. Surgical treatment]. PMID- 6666577 TI - [Ligamentous lesions associated with fractures of the tibial plateau]. PMID- 6666578 TI - D-penicillamine-induced angiopathy in rats. The effect of high dose D penicillamine treatment on aortic permeability to albumin and on the ultrastructure of the vessel. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with D-penicillamine (D-pen) 500 mg/kg/day for 10 or 42 days. Pair fed rats served as controls. Changes in aortic morphology were examined by light- and transmission-electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the endothelial permeability and the penetration through the aortic wall of albumin were studied 10 minutes, 24 and 48 hours after i. v. injection of human serum 131I-albumin (131I-HSA). TEM revealed extensive elastolysis in the arterial wall of D-pen-treated rats, consistent with an inhibitory effect on crosslink formation. In experimental animals excess deposition of collagen and glycoaminoglycans was observed in the subendothelial and medial layer of the aortic wall, together with prominent basal membrane substance around aortic smooth muscle cells. The aorta/serum-ratio and the radioactive build-up 24 and 48 hours after injection of 131I-HSA was reduced in animals treated with D-pen for 42 days, indicating an impeded transmural transport of tracer which may be caused by a steric exclusion effect of abundant hyaluronate. The endothelial ultrastructure was unaffected by D-pen, and no differences in aortic 131I-HSA radioactivity or aorta/serum-ratio were recorded between experimental and control groups 10 minutes after tracer injection, indicating that the permeability of the endothelial barrier to albumin remained unaffected by D-pen treatment. These observations support the hypothesis that treatment with high doses of D-pen may induce a fibroproliferative response in rat aorta, possibly by an inhibitory effect on the cross-linking of collagen and elastin. PMID- 6666579 TI - Ethanol-induced changes of granular endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocytes of mini pig foetuses. AB - The present study describes the occurrence of oblong or oval membranous aggregations of the endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes from half-term mini-pig foetuses, whose mothers in addition to their ordinary sufficient fodder have been given ethanol in amounts comparable to those consumed by human alcoholics. The structure of the aggregations and their relation to the granular endoplasmic reticulum indicate that they represent a change of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, induced by ethanol. The oval aggregations show resemblances to concentric lamellar bodies described in hepatocytes altered by disease or by experimental procedures not involving ethanol. It is concluded that the change of granular endoplasmic reticulum is probably a sign of an injurious effect of ethanol on the foetal hepatocyte. PMID- 6666580 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal collecting tubules ("renal urothelioma"). AB - Carcinoma of the renal collecting tubules is presented, for the first time in the literature, by a systematic description of 18 renal specimens from cases with or without pelvis carcinoma. The study revealed a surprisingly high incidence of carcinoma in the collecting tubules in association with carcinoma of the pelvis (20%), but as a primary tumour, independent of the pelvic growth. In cases of invasive extension, it is also possible to distinguish between the two localizations of carcinoma by histological criteria. The finding of papillary structure, umbrella cells with keratohyaline or parakeratosis demonstrates that we are dealing with a carcinoma originating in the urothelium of the collecting tubules ("renal urothelioma") corresponding entirely to carcinomas of the urinary tract. In a modification of the WHO histological grading of urinary tract tumours, the frequency of grades, I, II, and III is stated for urothelioma and pelvis carcinoma. Perusal of the 18 case records, on the other hand, did not divulge conclusive data as to whether smoking or the use/abuse of analgesics had been operative as carcinogenic factors. PMID- 6666581 TI - Electron microscopy of trans-thoracic fine needle aspiration biopsies. AB - The purpose of the study was to find out whether electron microscopy (EM) was possible on tumour cells obtained by trans-thoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNB). In a consecutive series of 105 FNB light microscopic (LM) evaluation of the aspirate demonstrated tumour cells in 67 cases. In 43/67 cases (64%) it was possible to make an ultrastructural diagnosis on part of the FNB. In none of the 43 cases did the EM and LM of FNB diagnosis disagree as to major tumour cell type. However, in 11/43 cases EM of the FNB was able to contribute to a more specific histogenetic morphological tumour diagnosis. PMID- 6666582 TI - Mitochondrial flocculent densities in ischemia. Digestion experiments. AB - Flocculent densities appear in the mitochondrial matrix during ischemic damage. These densities were examined in kidneys after 2 hours of autolysis. The samples were embedded in water-miscible glycol methacrylate (GMA). Ultrathin sections on copper grids were digested with pronase, trypsin, ribonuclease T1, various phospholipases (A2, C, D), lipase, and desoxyribonuclease I. For statistical analysis the mean number (+/- SD) of densities per mitochondrion was determined in tubular epithelial cells. A statistically significant (p less than 0.001) decrease in the number of densities was apparent after treatment with pronase (75.5%) of the densities digested completely) and with trypsin (43.3% of the densities digested completely). Digestion with other enzymes did not significantly decrease the number of densities. This study provides quantitative support for the hypothesis that flocculent densities are composed of proteins, most probably mitochondrial membrane proteins or matrix proteins. The results do not support the hypothesis that RNA, neutral lipids, phospholipids or DNA are major constituents of these structures. PMID- 6666583 TI - Multiple adenomas of the gallbladder. Case report. PMID- 6666584 TI - Repair in arterial tissue. An ultrastructural demonstration of proteoglycans in low temperature embedded normal and healing arterial tissue. AB - Low temperature embedded normal and healing arterial tissues were studied by transmission electron microscopy. The most conspicuous observation was the ultrastructurally well-preserved extracellular matrix of the arterial tissue. The proteoglycans were visible as rod-like structures (20-50 nm in width and about 200 nm in length) and radiating filaments connecting the granules to each other. The rod-like structures were removed after testicular hyaluronidase digestion. Chondroitinase ABC digestion removed most of the rod-like structures. Re endothelialized neointima revealed a high content of rod-like structures forming a three-dimensional muralium joining together basal membrane microfibrils, collagen microfibrils and the microfibrillar component of elastin, whereas non-re endothelialized neointima showed a reduced content of proteoglycans. The cylindrical granules may represent the proteoglycan monomer with condensed glycosaminoglycan chains. PMID- 6666585 TI - Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic gastrobiopsy in carcinoma of the stomach. A histopathological review of 101 cases. AB - 101 gastrobioptic series from 93 consecutive patients with a final diagnosis of carcinoma of the stomach were reviewed. 20 false negative cases were found. Of these, ten cases were missed because of erroneous histopathological interpretation, two because of too few sections, and eight because carcinoma was not represented in the biopsies. The frequency of false negatives was slightly larger in ulcerating carcinomas than in polypoid and diffusely spreading carcinomas, mainly due to seven cases of ulcerating carcinoma being missed by the pathologist. There was no correlation between false negatives and histological type. The rate of false negatives was significantly higher in cases, where the number of biopsies taken was below seven. The rate of histopathological misinterpretations was significantly higher in cases, where the number of actually positive biopsies was below four. Attempts to increase the positive yield should be based on not only an evaluation of the biopsy technique, but also an analysis of the histopathological method and interpretation. PMID- 6666586 TI - [Liquid chromatographic determination of current cephalosporin derivatives in biological fluids]. PMID- 6666587 TI - [Clinical laboratory tests in the presence of carbutamide Preliminary studies]. PMID- 6666588 TI - [Dissolution rate of the organic raw materials of drugs. II]. PMID- 6666589 TI - [Thermographic analysis of precipitates formed by the interaction of active ingredients and additives]. PMID- 6666590 TI - [Factors influencing the energy demand in the pressing of tablets. I]. PMID- 6666591 TI - [Application of chiroptic methods to pharmaceutical analysis. VIII. Use of solvent effect in the determination of delta 4-3-ketosteroids in differential CD spectroscopy]. PMID- 6666592 TI - Abstracts: Joint meeting of the Scandinavian Pharmacological Society and the Italian Pharmacological Society. Taormina, Italy, April 25-28, 1983. PMID- 6666593 TI - Symposium: Perinatal pharmacology and toxicology. Abstracts. PMID- 6666594 TI - Symposium: Pharmacology of arachidonic acid and its metabolites. Abstracts. PMID- 6666595 TI - Symposium: Central and peripheral dopamine receptors. Abstracts. PMID- 6666596 TI - Symposium: Psychotropic drugs: pharmacokinetic and neuroendocrine monitoring. Abstracts. PMID- 6666598 TI - Selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Compounds derived from phenethylamine and 1-phenoxy-2-aminopropane. PMID- 6666597 TI - Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of some hydrazones of 3-hydrazino-4H 1,2,4-triazole. PMID- 6666599 TI - Synthesis and analgesic activity of basic esters of 1 benzanilidocyclohexanecarboxylic acids. PMID- 6666601 TI - Sequelae following intra-arterially injected diazepam formulations. PMID- 6666600 TI - Absorption from the nasal mucous membrane. I. Nasal absorption of hydralazine in rats. PMID- 6666602 TI - Effect of thyrotropin (TSH) treatment on the responsiveness of the thyroid gland during endotoxin shock in adult rats. AB - The shock-inducing dose (1.0 omg/200 g i.v.) of bacterial endotoxin (E coli 089) significantly decreased the serum levels of T4 and inhibited the T4 increasing action of thyrotropin in rats. It is suggested that the changes observed were due to the membrane damaging effect of endotoxin. PMID- 6666604 TI - Effect of weightlessness on the function of rat skeletal muscles on the biosatellite "Cosmos-1129". AB - Isometric tension of glycerinated fibrils of different skeletal muscles was studied in white rats carried in the biosatellite "Cosmos-1129" for 18.5 days. Expression and trends of the changes in contractile properties of muscle preparations depend on their functional specialization. The most sensitive reaction was displayed by the soleus muscle which consists predominantly of slow fibres. PMID- 6666603 TI - Effect of autonomic blocking agents on local cerebral blood flow in the rat. AB - The local effect of autonomic blocking agents on the resting cerebral blood flow of anaesthetized rats was investigated in 78 anatomical structures. The existence of an alpha-adrenergic vascular tone was indicated by the average flow increase of 28 +/- 3% and 17 +/- 3% after the administration of the alpha-receptor blocking agents phenoxybenzamine (56 mg/kg i.p.) and phentolamine (1 mg/kg i.v.), respectively. The injection of atropine (1 mg/kg i.v.) increased the average blood flow by 19 +/- 2%, whereas the overall effect of the beta-blocking agent propranolol (1 mg/kg i.v.) was statistically not significant. The magnitude of local blood flow changes in specific cerebral areas exhibited considerable variation in all experimental groups. The comparison of individual and overall flow changes suggests that some of the discrepancies among different investigations could have resulted from the intraindividual heterogeneity of evoked flow changes. PMID- 6666605 TI - Effect of weightlessness on myofibrillar proteins of rat skeletal muscles with different functions in experiment of biosatellite "Cosmos-1129". AB - The composition of contractile and regulatory proteins was studied in rat muscles with different functions. The rats were exposed to weightlessness for 18.5 days during a space journey in biosatellite Cosmos-1129. Under the effect of weightlessness the myosin light chain composition changed, the quantity of myosin LC-3 subunits increased in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) while it decreased in the triceps and brachialis muscles. The experiments showed changes in the subunit composition of the TN-TM complex, too. The results obtained are in favour of a possible adequate transformation of fibril phenotypes of some (antigravitational) muscles under the effect of spaceflight. PMID- 6666606 TI - Lithium inhibition of renal tubular p-aminohippurate transport in the rat: relation to plasma 2-oxoglutarate. AB - Effects of lithium on renal haemodynamics and renal handling of p-aminohippurate (PAH) and 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) were studied in anaesthetized rats. LiCl given as a single intra-arterial injection of 5 mmol/kg body wt followed by an infusion at 0.01 mmole/min . kg did not affect glomerular filtration rate (Cin) or renal plasma flow (CPAH/EPAH and Cin/Ein). The maximal tubular transport capacity for PAH (TmPAH) was reduced from about 240 to 160 micrograms/min. Simultaneously, lithium significantly raised plasma concentration of 2-OG: its renal clearance increased more than 20 times and net tubular secretion was demonstrated. The inhibition of PAH transport strongly correlated with plasma 2-OG level. The data suggest that lithium inhibits tubular PAH secretion indirectly, by raising plasma 2-OG; the two substances could compete for a common tubular transport mechanism. PMID- 6666607 TI - The role of dopaminergic nigro-striatal system in the aetiology of the lateral hypothalamic syndrome in cats: is there any deficit in thermoregulation? AB - Far-lateral hypothalamus (FLH) and substantia nigra (SN) were destroyed by radio frequency current (RF lesion) or neurotoxically (6-hydroxydopamine injection) in 4 groups of cats. Hypothermia was observed only after 6-hydroxydopamine injections and RF lesions to FLH. Both methods of SN damage did not affect the body temperature of animals. These results suggest that hypothermia observed in LH syndrome in cats is not directly related to the function of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal system. PMID- 6666608 TI - The effect of polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) factor on human natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitro. AB - In a previous study [20] there was described the inhibitory effect of lysosomal proteins isolated from the guinea pig peritoneal exudate PMNL on the spontaneous cytotoxic activity of splenic cells in vitro. Moreover, in vivo investigations demonstrated these factors to inhibit also the development and activity of the antigen specific cytotoxic cells. The aim of the present study was to explain the role and mechanism of action of the PMNL factors in the regulation of the natural killer (NK) cell activity. The effect of PMNL factors on the NK cells was estimated in the tests based on 51Cr release using chick red blood cells CRBC). It was found that, similarly as in guinea pigs, the lysosomal proteins isolated from human peripheral blood PMNL exerted an inhibitory effect on the NK cells activity of human blood mononuclears against CRBC and this effect was independent of the activity of proteases present in the fractions of the studied lysosomal proteins. The inhibitory effect was not exerted by the factors released from the PMNL during their adherence. The obtained results seem to indicate that factors released from the PMNL during adherence are not identical to the substances released from the PMNL granules during their breakdown. PMID- 6666609 TI - Comparison of heat loss by radiation and convection from the body surface of guinea pigs determined with Hatfield's disc and undimensional probability numbers. AB - The experiments were carried out on 10 non-acclimatized to cold adult guinea pigs at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 29 degrees, 20 degrees and 12 degrees C. The practical heat loss (radiation and convection) from the body surface was determined with Hatfield's disc. Moreover, radiation and convection were evaluated measuring the effective temperature of the hairs. It was found that the amount of heat lost through radiation and convection approached the practical heat loss determined with Hatfield's disc. Heat elimination from the body surface occurred mainly through radiation. The participation of convection in this heat loss was never above 5% of the heat lost through radiation. PMID- 6666610 TI - The levels of essential unsaturated fatty acids in human milk on the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th days after labour. AB - The composition of fatty acids in human milk lipids was determined in 41 women on the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th days after labour by the method of gas chromatography. In these investigations no significant differences were demonstrated in the fatty acids in the lipid fractions between these consecutive days. The level of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-6 and n-3 groups was about 11.9-13.6%, including linoleic acid (18:2, n-6) about 7.7-9.8%, and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3, n-3) about 0.7-1%. In the analysis group of n-6 fatty acids the determined acids were: linoleic acid (18:2, n-6), gamma-linolenic acid (18:3, n-6), eicosadienoic acid (20:2, n-6), eicosatrienoic acid (20:3, n-6), arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-6). From the group of n-3 acids the identified ones were: alpha-linolenic acid (18:3, n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5, n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n 3). The obtained quotients of fatty acids n-6 through n-3 on the consecutive days were: 7.2:1-7.8:1, indicating a too low level of the n-3 acids in the investigated milk. The acids prevailing in human milk lipids were: oleic (18:1, n 9) and palmitic (16:0) which accounted for 37-39% and 25-26% respectively. The polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (P:S) ranged from 0.28 to 0.33. PMID- 6666611 TI - The effect of natural training and electrostimulation on changes of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activity in rat skeletal muscles. AB - Wistar rats were trained on a moving track or/and had stimulation of the crural muscles with electric current of 50 Hz frequency for 14 days. Dramatic changes were observed in the activity of alanine transaminase (AlAT) and aspartate transaminase (AspAT), which was particularly pronounced during 16 days of follow up after completion of training and stimulation. Persisting high activity of the enzymes in the white muscle fibres exceeding 2-3 times the control values showed a significant effect of electrostimulation on the metabolism of amino acids enabling the muscles to obtain energy for contraction from non-glycolytic source. PMID- 6666612 TI - Effect of hydromassage on changes in blood electrolyte and lactic acid levels and haematocrit value after maximal effort. AB - In the control group the haematocrit value dropped from a very high level immediately after effort to much below the resting value in the 1st hour, and returned in the 4th hour to the resting value. In subjects submitted to hydromassage between the 15th minute and 45th minute of rest this value decreased slightly below the resting value only in the 2nd hour of rest. Immediately after the exercise a very high plasma potassium concentration was found in both groups, in the 15th minute of rest it decreased below the resting level, and then it increased in the control group reaching a high second peak in the 2nd hour of rest. On the other hand, in subjects having hydromassage no second significant rise of potassium level was observed. In the 2nd hour of rest the potassium level increased only to the initial level and in the 4th hour it remained at that level. The high concentration of plasma lactic acid immediately after the exercise decreased gradually in the subsequent periods of rest reaching the resting level in the control group only in the 4th hour, and in the hydromassage group in the 2nd hour. No significant changes were found in the remaining determined parameters between the studied groups. PMID- 6666614 TI - Energy sources mobilization during muscular exercise in pregnant rats. AB - The experiments were carried out on three groups of female Wistar rats: nonpregnant rats (NP), rats pregnant for 10 days (P-10) and rats pregnant for 19 days (P-19). The rats were exercised on a treadmill set at 10 degrees incline at a running speed of 1200 m/h. Measurements were made at rest, after 30 min exercise, and after exercise till exhaustion. It was shown that in P-10 group the ability for the exhaustive exercise and metabolism of energy substrates during exercise were similar to those in NP group. The ability for exhaustive exercise of P-19 rats was reduced by 54.6% vs. NP rats. During exercise in P-19 group mobilization of glycogen in skeletal muscles was accelerated, mobilization of liver glycogen was impaired and hypoglycemia developed earlier than in NP group. Plasma FFA level in P-19 group reached a peak already after 30 min of exercise. Plasma triglyceride level was reduced during exercise in NP and P-10 groups but not in P-19 group. The level of triglycerides in skeletal muscle of each group was reduced during exercise but in P-19 group it returned to the resting level after the exhaustive exercise. PMID- 6666613 TI - The dynamics of changes in blood electrolyte and lactic acid concentrations, haematocrit, arterial blood pressure and heart rate in canoeists during 4 hours of rest after maximal effort. AB - In 12 canoeists determinations were carried out of the haematocrit value, and plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium and lactic acid during 4 hours of rest following maximal effort. The age of the sportsmen was from 18 to 21 years. The haematocrit was significantly increased immediately after the effort but in the first hour of restitution it fell below the resting value and increased then reaching the initial value only in the 4th hour. Serum lactic acid concentration increased in the first minutes of rest and then it decreased gradually reaching the resting value in the 4th hour. The concentration of sodium was not significantly changed throughout the whole period of restitution, when the haematocrit changes were taken into account. The concentration of potassium was very high immediately after the effort, but it fell below the resting value in the 15th minute, rose to the resting value in the 1st hour and in the 2nd hour it continued to rise much above the resting value, and only in the 4th it decreased again to the initial value. The author supposes that the second rise of the serum potassium level beginning in the 1st hour of restitution after maximal effort could be due to insufficient supply of ATP for maintaining the needs of the ionic pump or to secondary loss of water from the cells with a consequent rise in the intracellular hydrogen ion concentration. PMID- 6666615 TI - Effect of elevated substrates on substrate oxidation in normal and diabetic aorta. AB - The influence of elevated substrates (glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate and palmitate) on the gated. The oxidation of 14C-glucose to 14CO2 was depressed in diabetic aorta at a glucose concentration of 5.6 mM in the incubation medium. The glucose oxidation in normal and mM. The oxidation of 14C-beta-hydroxybutyrate (0.5 and 1.5 mM) to 14CO2 was impaired in diabetic aorta, while the oxidation of 14C-palmitate (0.5 and 1.0 mM) to 14CO2 was unaltered. The oxidation of both substrates was concentration dependent. The glucose oxidation in normal rat aorta was reduced by addition of 3.0 and 6.0 mM of beta-hydroxybutyrate to the incubation medium, while 1.5 mM palmitate had no effect on the glucose oxidation. After incubation of normal rat aorta in MEM with glucose (20.0 mM) for 46 h the subsequently determined glucose oxidation was not influenced in comparison to the aorta incubated in 5.6 mM glucose. Incubation with 6.0 mM beta-hydroxybutyrate or 1.5 mM palmitate did not affect the aortic glucose oxidation. In rats which were infused for 24 h with glucose or beta-hydroxybutyrate to obtain diabetic levels of these substrates, there was no change in the aortic glucose oxidation compared to saline-infused controls. The present results suggests that the lowered glucose oxidation in diabetic vascular tissue is not caused by hyperglycemia or high concentrations of ketone bodies or free fatty acids in the diabetic state. PMID- 6666616 TI - Renal blood flow during unilateral ureteral obstruction. Effects of reduced perfusion pressure, acetylcholine, and thromboxane A2 blockers in obstructed and unobstructed rat kidneys. AB - Renal blood flow (RBF) is markedly reduced in kidneys with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), possibly due to vascular constriction. Whether obstructive nephropathy is associated with impaired RBF autoregulation is unknown. We therefore investigated RBF autoregulation in obstructed and contralateral unobstructed rat kidneys during and following release of 24 h and 6 days of UUO, using stepwise reduction of renal arterial pressure and electromagnetic recording of RBF. The lower pressure limit of autoregulation was increased and the maximal vasodilatory ability in response to infusion of acetylcholine into the renal artery was reduced only in the unobstructed kidney at 24 h of UUO. Thus, we conclude that the vasodilatory reactions to both these maneuvres, previously observed to be markedly reduced during acutely elevated ureteral pressure (Hope & Clausen 1982), were reestablished: In the obstructed kidneys in less than 24 h (RBF approximately 70% of control) and in the contralateral unobstructed kidneys in less than 6 days (RBF approximately 140% of control). Infusion of the thromboxane A2 (TXA) synthetase inhibitors imidazole and 3-ethyl pyridine in controls and at 24 h and 6 days of UUO did not produce renal vasodilation. These results do not support the suggestion that TXA contributes directly to the increase in renal vascular resistance observed during or following release of UUO in the rat. PMID- 6666617 TI - Cortical magnification factor and contrast sensitivity to luminance-modulated chromatic gratings. AB - Contrast sensitivity to luminance-modulated blue, green, red, and neutral gratings was measured at different spatial frequencies and eccentricities within 0-86 deg in the temporal visual field. Contrast sensitivity to gratings of constant area and spatial frequency was independent of wavelength composition but decreased with increasing eccentricity. When the gratings were scaled by the magnification factor of the human striate cortex to produce cortically similar stimulus conditions at different eccentricities (M-scaling), contrast sensitivities became independent of visual field location irrespective of grating colour. Using colour naming we found, in accordance with previous studies, that hue changed and saturation decreased when the eccentricity of a constant-size grating field increased. In contrast, the hue and saturation of M-scaled grating fields were independent of eccentricity. The results suggest that the effects of eccentricity on photopic colour vision can largely be counteracted by M-scaling which adjusts the spatial aspects of stimuli with respect to the decrease in ganglion cell density and increase in receptive field size towards the periphery of the visual field. PMID- 6666618 TI - Sympathetico-adrenergic influences on the small intestinal vascular reactions in experimental septic shock. AB - The objective of this study was to explore the vascular reactions in the small intestine and the possible role of sympathetico-adrenergic influences. The experiments were performed on 23 cats. The small intestinal blood flow was estimated using a drop counting technique. In one series of cats (n = 7) the small intestine and the adrenal glands had intact vascular and nervous supply (I), in another series (n = 7) the small intestine was sympathetically denervated and the adrenal vessels ligated (II), and in a third series (n = 9) the small intestine was innervated but the adrenal vessels ligated (III). The septic state was induced by i.v. infusion of live E. coli bacteria for two hours. The small intestinal blood flow decreased and intestinal blood flow resistance increased in all series within 3 min upon bacterial infusion. The intestinal vasoconstriction was maintained in cats with intestinal denervation as well as in cats with the adrenal vessels ligated, favouring that other humoral factors than catecholamines are involved. During the later phase of bacteremic shock the intestinal blood flow remained in the preseptic range in the series with a denervated small intestine and ligated adrenals as well as in intact cats, but declined gradually and significantly in cats with adrenal ligation only (III). This pattern of reactions favours a local rather than a remote sympathetico-adrenal influence. PMID- 6666619 TI - Intradental nerve activity induced by reduced pressure applied to exposed dentine in the cat. AB - In order to study the excitation of intradental nerves by fluid flow in dentinal tubules the following experiments were performed. The fluid flow was caused by reduced hydrostatic pressure applied to the exposed dentine surface of the canine teeth in the anesthetized cat. In one series of 7 cats the intradental nerve activity was recorded by means of electrodes inserted in dentinal cavities. Provided that the pressure was sufficiently reduced and applied to acid-etched dentine in preparations of sufficient depth, intradental nerve activity of different impulse amplitudes was recorded. The responding pressure sensitive units were found to be sensitized by a brief local application of veratrine and desensitized by potassium chloride. In the second series 26 single functional pulp nerve fibre units were dissected from the inferior alveolar nerve in 7 cats. Nerve impulses were recorded by means of platinum-iridium wire electrodes. The conduction velocities of the 9 fibres responding to reduced pressure varied from 8.3 to 43.0 m/s. Five of these fibres also responded to elevated pressure. None of the 9 fibres conducting impulses with a velocity below 2 m/s responded to a reduction in pressure. thus, the present data strongly suggest that intradental nerve endings with myelinated axons are activated by fluid flow in dentinal tubules. Our results support the hydrodynamic mechanism of dentine sensitivity. PMID- 6666620 TI - Thresholds of intradental A- and C-nerve fibres in the cat to electrical current pulses of different duration. AB - Electrical current pulses of quite variable duration have been used in activation of intradental nerves both in human subjects and experimental animals. It seems, however, that little information is available about the effect of pulse duration on the responses of single pulp nerve units. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of pulse duration on excitation thresholds of intradental A- and C-fibres in the cat. In 12 anesthetized cats 61 C- and 53 A-nerve units were identified and recorded. Electrical thresholds were determined with current pulses of different duration from 0.2 to 50.0 ms. The maximal stimulus intensity was 200 microA. Conduction velocities of all recorded units and absolute refractory periods of 20 A- and 20 C-units were determined. Intradental A- and C fibres had different strength-duration properties. with all pulse durations A fibres had the lowest thresholds. Part of the C-fibres did not respond to the shortest current pulses even with the maximum stimulus intensity (200 microA). with 0.2 ms pulses only 31.1% of the recorded C-fibres could be activated. In some A-fibres a single current pulse of long duration was capable of inducing several action potentials, when the stimulus intensity was increased suprathreshold. Refractory periods of A-units were less than 2.0 ms and those of C-units 5.0-9.0 ms. It is concluded that in electrical stimulation of teeth duration of current pulses strongly affects responses of single intradental fibre units.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6666621 TI - Comparison of electrical thresholds of intradental nerves and jaw-opening reflex in the cat. AB - In experimental animals the jaw-opening reflex in response to stimulation of pulp nerves has been used as a nociceptive reflex. However, there seems to be only scanty information about the amount and types of pulp nerve fibres that mediate the reflex. In the present work on 8 anesthetized cats electrical thresholds of single functional pulp nerve units were compared to the thresholds of jaw-opening reflex. Monopolar cathodal current pulses were applied to each canine tooth. Reflex responses of the digastric muscle were recorded. The inferior alveolar nerve of the left side in 3 cats was exposed for nerve dissection and responses of pulp nerve units coming from the lower left canine tooth were recorded. The mean threshold of the jaw-opening reflex with 10 ms pulses was 5.9 +/- 3.0 (SD) microA. Below or at the level only part of the fast conducting pulp nerve units could be activated. Thresholds of A- (n = 32) and C- (n = 24) fibres were 9.9 +/- 5.7 and 37.4 +/- 14.5 (SD) microA respectively. Nerves of the periodontal tissues (20 units recorded) were not activated with current pulses of up to 200 microA applied to the tooth. Consequently, at threshold level the jaw-opening reflex in response to the present type of stimulation is mediated by the fast conducting intradental nerve units. PMID- 6666622 TI - Changes in segmental reflexes following chronic spinal cord hemisection in the cat. I. Increased monosynaptic and polysynaptic ventral root discharges. AB - The effect of a chronic spinal cord hemisection on segmental reflex transmission was studied in cats. Recordings of ventral root responses were made after a terminal transection below the initial lesion to eliminate descending influence through the intact spinal half. Procedures to ensure comparability between sides, that are lacking in earlier work on this experimental model, were introduced in the present work. It was demonstrated that there was an increase in reflex size on the lesioned (left) side, relative to the other side, of both mono- and polysynaptic reflexes. The reflex changes were found at all survival times studied (from 2 to 515 days). In control animals mono- and polysynaptic reflexes were found to be larger on the right side. It is discussed that side symmetry of reflex size is not to be presupposed even in a normal population. Detailed clinical examinations of lesioned animals were not performed, but a tendency for enhancement of the ipsilateral knee-jerk was found. There was no syndrome of spasticity and general motor recovery was very good. PMID- 6666623 TI - Changes in segmental reflexes following chronic spinal cord hemisection in the cat. II. Conditioned monosynaptic test reflexes. AB - In a companion paper (Hultborn & Malmsten 1983) it was described that ventral root discharges to stimulation of peripheral nerves became larger on the side of a chronic spinal hemisection (left) than on the other side. In the present paper, based on the same experiments, conditioning of monosynaptic test reflexes was used to study changes of both excitatory and inhibitory effects on specified motoneuronal pools. Conditioning stimulation was given to IA afferents (reciprocal Ia inhibition, presynaptic inhibition of Ia fibers), high threshold muscle afferents, low and high threshold cutaneous afferents and motor axons (recurrent inhibition). A comparison of the efficacy of conditioning stimuli on the two sides showed that facilitatory effects were larger on the side of hemisection in a clear majority of cases. Inhibition was almost always either more efficient on the side of hemisection or equally efficient on the two sides. In control cats, facilitatory effects tended to be larger on the right side, while the results for inhibitory conditioning generally showed no clear side bias. The increase in facilitatory effects after lesions may contribute to symptoms of spasticity. PMID- 6666624 TI - Time course of segmental reflex changes after chronic spinal cord hemisection in the rat. AB - In a companion paper (Hultborn & Malmsten 1983 a) it was described that, in the cat, direct excitatory reflexes became larger on the side of a chronic spinal hemisection than on the other side. In this paper the time course for change of the size of excitatory reflexes after spinal cord hemisection in the rat is described. Ipsilateral reflexes obtained by stimulation of cut dorsal roots L 4 and L 5 were recorded in the corresponding cut ventral roots. It was found that reflexes became larger on the lesioned (left) side than on the opposite side. For both mono- and polysynaptic reflexes there was a marked peak in left/right ratio on reflex size at 2 to 6 days post lesion. The ratio then returned to normal but increased again from about 21 days until at least 135 days. In control rats reflexes were larger on the right side, in agreement with findings in the cat. PMID- 6666625 TI - Heterosynaptic modulation of homosynaptic long-lasting potentiation in the hippocampal slice. PMID- 6666626 TI - Reversal of an elevated plasma level of prolactin during prolonged psychological stress. PMID- 6666627 TI - [Release of papaverine and atropine from various suppository bases in vitro]. PMID- 6666628 TI - [Isolation of L-amino acids from the products of protein hydrolysis from offals of bovine skin]. PMID- 6666629 TI - [Bacteriological evaluation of the environment of open pharmacies. IV. Microbial contamination of substances used in prescription drugs]. PMID- 6666630 TI - [The object of primary prevention from a mental health care center]. PMID- 6666631 TI - [Profession and origin of patients with neurosyphilitic diseases in a psychiatric hospital over a 50-year period]. AB - Through informations obtained at the statistical and medical register service, it was done a descriptive study of some epidemiological aspects of neurosyphilis and general progressive paralysis at the Juliano Moreira Hospital, Bahia, Brasil, in a period of 50 years (1930-1979). For this purpose medical dossiers, obituaries, ingoing and outgoing register books, the census and nosocomial bulletin were referred. The distribution of disease was analysed comparing profession and origin according to sex, diagnosis, decade and time before and after penicillin therapy. The results allowed us to conclude that: a) The professions that we found more frequently were: formers, merchants, housewives, stoneworkers, public officials, tailors, soldiers, shoemakers, laborer workers; b) During the periods of war, we observed an increase in the number of ill soldiers; c) Patients coming from the urban zone were more frequently affected by the disease. PMID- 6666632 TI - [Transcultural comparison of habits and attitudes associated with alcohol consumption in 2 rural zones of Honduras and Mexico]. PMID- 6666634 TI - [A relational model of the family]. PMID- 6666633 TI - [Electropositive slow potentials and Eysenck's extraversion dimension: the psychophysiology of cortical excitation-inhibition]. PMID- 6666635 TI - [The mental health of the Spanish-speaking population in the United States]. PMID- 6666636 TI - [The problem of the subject and of discourse in the logic of the psychological]. PMID- 6666637 TI - Father/son relationship during the preschool years. An integrative review with special reference to recent Swedish findings. AB - This review is an attempt to integrate Anglo-American and Swedish studies on father/son relationships. The puerperal period, infancy and early childhood are surveyed. Swedish studies do not support specific stereotyped bonding in the puerperal period. The review confirms the bidirectional nature of the father/son relationship. Thus, counteridentification, i.e. the father's identification with his son, and identification during the oedipal phase, i.e. the son's identification with his father, seem to be essential components in the father/son relationship. However, studies on parent-infant behaviour indicate that different parental roles exist early in infancy. Also, attachment studies point to the specificity of the father/son relationship before the oedipal phase. It is concluded that the major importance of the father/son relationship during the preschool years is to facilitate the son's masculine identification. PMID- 6666638 TI - The Crichton Visual Analogue Scale for the assessment of behaviour in the elderly. AB - A visual analogue scale has been constructed to allow relatives and professionals to rate the behaviour of elderly patients. The scale has been shown to have good inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability and validity. It is suggested that the scale can provide a quick and convenient initial assessment of the patient either at home or in hospital, and possibly also a measure of change. PMID- 6666639 TI - Personality changes in the aged. A longitudinal study with the MNT-scale. AB - The three personality dimensions validity, solidity and stability according to Sjobring were measured by means of the MNT scales in representative samples of 70 year-old men and women in Gothenburg, Sweden. They were followed up when 75 and 79. A longitudinal study was performed with regard to changes in means, standard deviations and sex differences. The means at 70 of the surviving subjects were compared with those of subjects who had died before the age of 79. The personality dimensions were, on the whole, unchanged between 70 and 79 except for a small increase in stability in men, implying a decrease in personal involvement, and a small decrease in validity in women implying lower levels of mental energy. There was also a decrease in solidity in men between 75 and 79 implying an increased tendency to dissociation. Variability and sex differences did not change. Men with low validity at 70 had an increased mortality. Cross sectional studies would have given misleading results of the personality development in these age groups. PMID- 6666640 TI - Predictors of the outcome of disability pension for alcohol abusers. AB - A multi-variate multiple regression analysis was carried out to screen the crucial characteristics of alcohol abusers immediately prior to pension in order to indicate their subsequent trends. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed in the younger and older subgroups, as well as in 56 first-time pension applicants, in a region of the county of Ostergotland in Sweden. In the analyses, changes, over a 2-year interval, of composite scores on overall well-being, psychiatric status, need satisfaction and intellectual capacity, together with changes in alcohol consumption and gamma-GT-value, functioned as dependent variables. Eighty-five parameters of the abusers' quality of life at pension served as independent variables. The features that were seen, in various constellations, to be significantly related to non-improvement rather than to improvement were: an abrupt change-over from a previously active life, longer education, middle age, tendencies to passivity and to social confinement, worse observed psychiatric status in contrast to less bad reported status, relatively better self-rated well-being, remaining intellectual resources, black-outs, a lower current alcohol consumption, lower gamma-GT, S-NAP, S-ALAT- and S-protein values together with more elevated P-IgA, P-ALP-, S-creatinine- and S-Ca corrected values. The results are discussed with reference to their general applicability, plausible mechanisms in a pension situation, previously launched hypotheses, and the methodological limitations of the study. It is concluded that a literal application of the results in practice must be made with caution. PMID- 6666641 TI - Do brain damage and liver disease interrelate in advanced abusers of alcohol? AB - In a consecutive material comprising 43 alcoholics immediately prior to pension, due to their abuse, the interrelations between different symptoms of dysfunction of the brain and liver were studied. Signs of brain damage used were: psychometric test, delirium tremens and withdrawal seizures. Liver disease was examined by biopsy and liver function tests. The signs of dysfunction were compared with drinking pattern, amount of alcohol consumption and duration of abuse. The group was fairly homogeneous with respect to these variables. The patients showed a considerable degree of brain and liver damage, but relevant significant correlations between the criteria of brain and liver disease could not be demonstrated. This may support the hypothesis that the brain and the liver, in the same individual, react differently to alcohol. PMID- 6666642 TI - Pregnant women with nonorganic psychosis: life situation and experience of pregnancy. AB - Eighty-eight index women with a history of nonorganic psychosis and 104 demographically similar control women were interviewed during pregnancy after quickening concerning their experience of pregnancy and their current life situation. The index group, compared with controls, reported a significantly increased frequency of material-situational problems, interpersonal difficulties and a lack of support for the pregnancy among the spouse and the woman's parents, an initially unplanned and undesired pregnancy, a negative attitude toward the pregnancy after quickening, moderate-to-heavy smoking, nervousness and anxiety, panic about the delivery, and great concern about their own mental health in the near future. No significant difference between groups was found on frequency of typical pregnancy symptoms, the experienced effect of pregnancy on physical health or concerns about the child's health or mothering. PMID- 6666643 TI - Differential evaluation of outcome in schizophrenia. AB - State of health, work and social relations functioning as outcome measures in 95 survivors out of 110 schizophrenic probands proved to be only moderately intercorrelated at follow-up 6-9 years after first hospital admission. Total sick leave time was the only treatment measure mirroring combined outcome, while the hospital treatment variables were connected only to working and self-supporting ability. Among social competence data, only living in partnership, and producing children after falling ill were associated with a favourable outcome. Self reports and simple judgements by near relatives in response to precise questions provided reliable information. Attitude questions were completely unrelated to outcome. Outcome did not vary with type of initial symptomatology (regressive/non regressive) but long duration of regression meant an unfavourable outcome. A better outcome in women as to social competence, working ability and degree of psychopathology stresses the necessity of noting the sex composition of materials in prognostic investigations. PMID- 6666644 TI - Dimensions of child-rearing practices. Factor structure of the EMBU. AB - Measurement of the dimensions of parental-rearing practices was undertaken using an English form of the EMBU inventory, which was administered to 282 non-clinical subjects. Results indicated that eight of the 14 subscales of the EMBU could be identified on oblique factor analysis, and that six other dimensions were specific to Mother or Father. Results suggest that method of factor extraction plays an important part in number of dimensions of child-rearing practices identified, and that it may be appropriate to assume that dimensions of parental rearing are correlated rather than independent. PMID- 6666645 TI - Mixed anxiety/depressive illness in general practice. A therapeutic comparison of nomifensine with fluphenazine/nortriptyline. AB - The effect of the dopamine agonist antidepressant drug, nomifensine, on mixed anxiety/depressive states in general practice was assessed by means of a double blind comparison with a standard fluphenazine/nortriptyline preparation. 57 patients were randomly allocated to 4 weeks' treatment with either nomifensine 25 50 mg taken three times daily, or a tablet containing 1.5 mg fluphenazine with 30 mg nortriptyline (Motipress) taken once daily. The overall response to both treatments was satisfactory, but Motipress was significantly superior (P less than 0.01) to nomifensine in the relief of fatigue and loss of energy, irritability, poor concentration and difficulty in coping, and there was also evidence of greater relief of depressive symptoms. In mixed anxiety/depressive states in general practice, nomifensine offers no advantage over a simple one tablet daily Motipress regimen. PMID- 6666646 TI - Persistent discrepancy in international diagnostic practice since 1970. AB - National admission statistics by diagnosis since 1970, were available from seven WHO member countries. All had officially introduced the ICD 8, but only two countries strictly adhered to the ICD categories in practice. The new 3-digit category 298 (Other psychosis) has met with no success, nor did the new subgroups of schizophrenia with a favourable outcome (295.4, 295.5 and 295.7) gain much acceptance. The discrepancy in diagnostic distribution is virtually unchanged from that before 1970 with a persistent wide concept of schizophrenia in U.S.A. and of depressive illness in England. A new feature is the striking increase in non-psychotic admissions at a time when there is a marked decline in the hospital population. This is taken to indicate that the social stigma attached to the term psychosis persists, and is met with evasion. A preference for unspecified terms (fourth digit 9) is evident, as is the use of terms which leave open whether the patient is psychotic or not (311 in ICD 9). Evidently, instruction in the use of the WHO glossary is called for. In the U.S.A. the replacement of the ICD by the local classification DSM-III is likely to accelerate the reluctance to accept international standards. Moreover, the development of local diagnostic systems for research purposes in England and U.S.A. is not without problems, as there is a disturbing lack of consensus in diagnosis between these two national systems. Obviously, we need the ICD with its clear concepts, and above all the ICD is valuable for securing continuity in diagnostic classification. PMID- 6666647 TI - The law relating the kinematic and figural aspects of drawing movements. PMID- 6666649 TI - Section 4: development, learning and pathology of graphic behaviour. PMID- 6666648 TI - Produced and perceived writing slant: difference between up and down strokes. PMID- 6666650 TI - Developmental change in covert principles for the organization of strokes in drawing and handwriting. PMID- 6666651 TI - Agraphia and micrographia: clinical manifestations of motor programming and performance disorders. PMID- 6666652 TI - Section 5: perceptual-motor aspects of handwriting. PMID- 6666653 TI - Handwriting generation, perception and recognition. PMID- 6666654 TI - In search of writing and reading habits in the microgenetic phase of letter recognition. PMID- 6666655 TI - Geometric transformations of handwriting as a function of instruction and feedback. PMID- 6666656 TI - Section 1: motor theory in handwriting research. PMID- 6666657 TI - Pulsed Doppler and B-mode ultrasound features of interposition meso-caval and porta-caval shunts. AB - Twenty patients, 13 with meso-caval and 7 with porta-caval shunts were examined with B-mode static and dynamic ultrasound to determine patency of the shunt. Nine of these patients were also examined with pulsed Doppler. In order to confirm the ultrasonic and Doppler findings, angiography was performed in 17 of the 20 patients. Ultrasound examination, which gives anatomic information reflecting changes in flow associated with a shunt, accurately suggested the patency or non patency of the shunt in all 20 patients. Doppler examination, which gives physiologic information about blood flow and direction of flow, accurately determined patency of the shunt in all 9 cases. Angiography confirmed the ultrasonic and Doppler conclusions in all 17 patients. Ultrasound and Doppler criteria for patency of caval shunts are established. It has been demonstrated that ultrasound examination with pulsed Doppler flow study can reliably determine the patency of porta-systemic shunts. The use of invasive angiographic studies should be reserved for the patients where ultrasound and Doppler examinations suggest shunt occlusion. PMID- 6666658 TI - Localized fatty infiltration of the liver. CT demonstration of its disappearance on treatment. AB - Two cases of localized fatty infiltration of the liver are reported, each of which demonstrated localized, well demarcated, abnormal low attenuation at computed tomography (CT), and were indistinguishable from malignant hepatic tumor. Following intravenous administration of contrast medium, normal blood vessel architecture within the low attenuation area was clearly demonstrated at CT. About three months thereafter, the fatty infiltrations had disappeared completely at CT following treatment of the underlying disease. PMID- 6666659 TI - Thrombosis of Bjork-Shiley valve prostheses. Evaluation by cineradiography. AB - Cineradiography is the most accurate and rapid method in evaluation of the function of Bjork-Shiley prosthetic valves manufactured after late 1975 and which incorporate a tantalum foil hoop into the disc. This helps in demonstration of the disc and in the calculation of the opening angle of the disc. In the present series 8 cases with valve dysfunction have been correctly diagnosed by conventional cineradiography, 7 in the mitral and one in the aortic position. In all 8 cases and also in the group of 300 postoperative cases having no symptoms, the opening angle has been measured by the method described by Venkataraman et coll. in 1980. It is recommended that in accordance with the suggestions of these authors, the opening angle should be established for each patient in the immediate postoperative period in order to provide a basis for possible future examinations. PMID- 6666660 TI - Assessment of deep venous insufficiency by ascending phlebography. AB - Retrograde femoral phlebography performed in the supine and erect positions are compared. In deep venous insufficiency, the contrast medium passes considerably farther down in the retrograde direction in examinations with the patient in the erect position. A comparison was made between ascending and retrograde techniques in order to find out what predictive value conventional ascending phlebography of the lower limb may have with regard to the function of the valves in the femoral vein. Layering of the contrast medium in the valvular sinus is a very reliable sign of valvular competence and was observed in two-thirds of the cases without deep venous insufficiency. This figure can be increased by a slight modification of the method of examination. Absence of layering does not necessarily indicate deep venous insufficiency. PMID- 6666661 TI - Single catheter technique for transaxillary aortofemoral angiography. AB - The technique and experiences with a double-curve catheter are described for rapid left transaxillary catheterization of the abdominal aorta. Successful catheterization was achieved in 98.6 per cent of 140 patients. A large hematoma complicated the examination in 2.8 per cent of the cases. The only permanent lesion was an incomplete palsy of the median nerve in one (0.7%) patient. PMID- 6666662 TI - Nephroangiotomographic diagnosis of retroperitoneal spleen. Report of a case. AB - A case of retroperitoneal spleen diagnosed by nephroangiotomography is described. The embryologic background of this rare abnormality is explained. Stress is laid on the importance of nephroangiotomography in the correct evaluation of those alterations that normally pose difficult problems of interpretation. PMID- 6666663 TI - Influence of diuresis on the degree of vesicoureteral reflux. An experimental investigation in rats. AB - The influence of bladder filling volume (BV), bladder pressure (BP) and diuresis (V) on the occurrence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in Sprague-Dawley rats, where spontaneous VUR is common, has been investigated. The BV and BP at which VUR occurred during constant low diuresis (group I), high inconstant diuresis (group II) and moderately high, constant diuresis (group III), was measured. The abdomen was opened for visual observation of the VUR. The bladder was catheterized with a double-lumen metal catheter for infusion of a Lissamine green saline solution and to enable recording of BP. VUR occurred at significantly lower BV in group II than in group I and at significantly lower BV and BP in group I than in group III. PMID- 6666664 TI - Calcifications, narrowing and rugosities of the leg arteries in diabetic patients. AB - The large arteries in the leg were examined at angiography in 47 insulin dependent diabetics. Arterial lumen size and the short- and long-range variation as well as intima and linear media calcifications were evaluated quantitatively. Significant correlations were obtained between the duration of diabetes on the one hand and media calcification and uniform narrowing of femoral, crural and foot arteries, as well as increased short-range lumen variation on the other hand. Statistically, the narrowing of the femoral artery and the increased short range, small-scale variation of its lumen were closely related, whereas media calcifications per se appeared unrelated to the lumen size, locally as well as globally. A high degree of concordance was found among the femoral, crural and foot arteries with respect to both the presence of linear media calcifications and their severity. Spotty intima calcifications were clearly associated with irregular arterial narrowing, but were dependent on age and not on the duration of diabetes. It is suggested that the uniform media calcification, narrowing of the arteries and short-range, small-scale variations of the lumina are expressions of a specific diabetic macroangiopathy. PMID- 6666665 TI - Arthrosis of the lunate-capitate joint. AB - Arthrosis of the lunate-capitate (LC) joint was investigated in 44 wrists from 36 patients. The symptomatology was uncharacteristic and most patients were examined because of pain, swelling or decreased function of the wrist. The LC arthrosis seemed to be secondary to trauma in most patients; 26 wrists had an increased distance between the lunate and scaphoid, indicating a rotatory luxation of the scaphoid; 5 had fracture of the scaphoid with pseudarthrosis; one had a radius fracture healed with volar and ulnar compression and 2 had penetrating trauma to the LC joint. The arthrosis was secondary to pathologic changes in the lunate in 3 patients; lunatomalacia in 2 and a cyst fracturing into the LC joint in one. In 7 wrists arthrosis was found in several carpal joints and the LC arthrosis was one of these. PMID- 6666666 TI - Pulmonary edema induced by high intravenous doses of diatrizoate in the rat. AB - Using a simple, sensitive model, it has been demonstrated that intravenous administration of high doses of contrast medium can induce pulmonary edema in non anesthetized rats. The degree of edema formation, which is dependent on the rate of injection as well as dose, is greatest immediately after injection and then decreases slowly. The amount of fluid accumulation in the lungs is related to the chemotoxicity of the medium as other solutions of equivalent hyperosmolality did not induce the same degree of pulmonary edema. PMID- 6666667 TI - Pulmonary angiography with iopamidol and Renografin 76 in normal and pulmonary hypertensive dogs. AB - The cardiovascular response produced during pulmonary angiography performed with the standard ionic agent diatrizoate (Renografin 76) and a new non-ionic agent iopamidol was compared. Nine dogs were evaluated while ventilated on room air and on 10% O2 which significantly elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. Iopamidol produced similar changes in mean aortic and pulmonary arterial pressures compared with normal saline (less than 20% change). Renografin 76, however, produced a significantly greater elevation in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (a 41% increase) and depression in mean aortic pressure (a 40% reduction) than either saline or iopamidol (p less than 0.01). These results were similar for dogs being ventilated with room air and oxygen. The results indicate that iopamidol should be better tolerated and therefore a safer contrast agent for pulmonary angiography than diatrizoate. PMID- 6666668 TI - Subcostal two-dimensional echocardiography in cardiac pacing and in intracardiac electrophysiologic studies. PMID- 6666669 TI - [Signs of renal damage in patients with acute renal failure]. PMID- 6666670 TI - Reassessment of glucosuria in endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. PMID- 6666671 TI - [Aspects of the regeneration process in dermatology]. PMID- 6666672 TI - [The effect of hypoxia of various duration on the hematocrit and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate level in the erythrocytes of rats]. PMID- 6666673 TI - [Evaluation of the value of compatibility tests before blood transfusion]. PMID- 6666674 TI - [The selection of veins for intravenous catheters]. PMID- 6666675 TI - Serum fucosyl transferase activity and serum fucose levels as diagnostic tools in malignancy. AB - Glycoproteins play a significant role in neoplastic transformations. Both the levels of fucose and the activity of fucosyl transferase, which mediates the assembly of the oligosaccharide moieties of the glycoprotein chains, have been found to be elevated in neoplastic conditions. Since these elevations are common features of a variety of neoplastic cells, these two have been designated as non specific markers of malignancy. In the present study, the fucose level and fucosyl transferase activity were determined in the sera of cancer patients and an attempt was made to establish a relationship between the two. It was found that both the fucose levels and fucosyl transferase activities showed considerable elevation in the five cancer groups studied, establishing them as useful diagnostic parameters. However, it was also observed that the rate of increased fucosyl transferase activity was not fully reflected in the resulting serum fucose levels in a few cases. PMID- 6666676 TI - Glutathione metabolism and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in experimental liver injury. AB - Increased activities of liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, EC 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD, EC 1.1.1.44) in the pentose phosphate cycle were accompanied with a depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) following an intragastric administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to rats. Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) also decreased remarkably, keeping the GSSG: GSH ratio constant. No significant alteration of glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2.), glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) and malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) activities in the supernatant and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP, EC 2.3.2.2) activity in the homogenate of the injured liver were observed. Furthermore, no marked difference in the GSH-synthesizing activity was found between control and CCl4-intoxicated liver. An intraperitoneal injection of GSH produced a significant increase in liver GSH content in control rats but not in CCl4-treated rats; G6PD activity was not affected. Intraperitoneal injections of diethylmaleate resulted in continuously diminished levels of liver GSH without any alteration of liver G6PD activity. In vitro disappearance of GSH added to the liver homogenate from CCl4-treated rats occurred enzymatically and could not be prevented by the addition of a NADPH-generating system. The results suggest that increased G6PD activity in CCl4-injured liver does not play an important role in the maintenance of glutathione in the reduced form and that the decreased GSH content in the injured liver might be caused by enhanced GSH catabolism not due to gamma-GTP. PMID- 6666677 TI - Prostatic malacoplakia: a case report with a review of 49 cases of malacoplakia of various sites in Japan. AB - We reported a 62-year-old man with malacoplakia of the prostate, and reviewed 49 cases of malacoplakia hitherto observed in Japan in which the lesions originated from the urogenital tract, except for one gastric case. E. Coli was emphasized as a possible causative agent for malacoplakia especially in the urogenital tract. The possible histiocytic origin of von Hansemann cells was stressed by demonstrating cytoplasmic processes and desmosomes in our prostatic case. An adjuvant use of cholinergic agents and ascorbic acid with chemotherapeutic agents was recommended for treating malacoplakia. PMID- 6666678 TI - Failure of droperidol and ketamine to influence cerebrospinal fluid production in the dog. AB - Using the ventriculo-cisternal perfusion method, the effects of droperidol and ketamine hydrochloride on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production were studied in dogs. Neither droperidol (0.25 mg/kg, IV) nor ketamine (3 mg/kg, IV) caused a statistically significant change in CSF production rate. Positive correlation between CSF production and corresponding cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was observed in the ketamine study, whose unfavorable effect on neurosurgical anaesthesia would be obvious. On the other hand droperidol (0.25 mg/kg, IV) tended to decrease CSF production. Droperidol alone or in combination with other analgesics such as fentanyl as currently used in neurosurgical anaesthesia appears to be an appropriate choice in patients with increased intracranial pressure. PMID- 6666679 TI - Effect of continued drinking on prognosis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. AB - The prognoses of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were compared between those who continued to drink and those who stopped. Clinical criteria were strictly set so as to control other variables affecting the prognoses. Four-year survival was significantly higher in the patients who stopped drinking than in those who continued to drink. Continued drinking worsens the prognosis of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. PMID- 6666680 TI - [The electrocardiogram in arterial hypertension compared with echocardiographic data]. PMID- 6666681 TI - [Congenital pulmonary valve insufficiency]. PMID- 6666682 TI - [Microviscosity of the erythrocyte membrane, glycosylated hemoglobin, and serum glycoproteins in non-insulin-dependent diabetics]. PMID- 6666683 TI - [Computerized assistance in the diagnosis and therapy of changes in acid-base and water-electrolyte balance]. PMID- 6666684 TI - Avascular focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. A case with angiography, ultrasound and radioisotope scanning. PMID- 6666685 TI - Asymmetric bilateral megalencephaly. A case report. PMID- 6666686 TI - [Psychiatry in the general hospital. Anthropologic integration of medicine]. PMID- 6666687 TI - Psychosocial processes of recovery among alcoholics and their families: implications for clinicians and program evaluators. AB - This paper provides an overview of a program of research that has focused on the role of extratreatment factors in the process of recovery and relapse among treated alcoholic patients and their families. Consistent with a systems perspective, patients who controlled their drinking showed improvements in nondrinking aspects of their functioning and members of their families showed improved adjustment as well. Moreover, the posttreatment functioning of these recovered families was comparable to that of a matched nonalcoholic community group. In contrast, relapsed alcoholics and their family members suffered from multidimensional impairments. Extratreatment factors such as environmental stressors, coping responses, and social resources had as much influence on the recovery process as did patients' treatment experiences. New procedures to assess these extratreatment factors are described and methods by which clinicians and researchers can use the resulting information to improve treatment outcome and the specificity of program evaluations are discussed. PMID- 6666688 TI - Retention in outpatient drug free treatment clinics. AB - This study examined time in treatment and the percentage of clients who quit or were expelled from drug treatment clinics as dependent measures in a general model including socioecological aspects of the clinic neighborhood environment, the clinic structure (attributes, e.g., size, and services and staffing), and the client composition of the clinic (sociodemographic and deviance). In this study the clinic was the unit of analysis. The data were analyzed by means of path analysis, for (1) drug free outpatient, nonopiate orientation (DFO-N) and (2) drug free outpatient, opiate orientation (DFO-O). There were 204 DFO-N and 130 DFO-O clinics. The path analytic model proved to be useful for the explanation of clinic retention outcomes. The socioecological variables predicted the types of clients who entered treatment. These in turn along with clinic attributes were significant predictors of clinic retention. Clinic attributes also predicted clinic services and staffing. The results suggested that both clinic variables and client composition variables are important predictors of clinic retention. PMID- 6666689 TI - Nicotine gum in smoking cessation: a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. AB - Sixty subjects were run in a study comparing the use of nicotine gum with placebo gum during cessation from smoking. Subjects were given clinic support and chewed the gum ad libitum. A survival analysis showed the two groups differed significantly in successful abstinence over time (p less than .03). Differences between groups appeared early (within weeks) and, at six months, a 28% superiority of nicotine over placebo gum was demonstrated with mean success rates of 48% and 20%, respectively. Between six months and one year, relapse in the nicotine group accounted for the 30% vs. 20% success rates for nicotine and placebo observed at one year. In a pilot study ("dispensary") testing the efficacy of the two gums when intervention was minimal, subjects in both groups resumed smoking within the first two weeks. The enhanced short-term success rates with nicotine gum in the clinic study are attributed to an effective interaction between use of the active preparation and clinic support. Long-term cessation may require extended maintenance procedures and/or an identification of optimal gum use. PMID- 6666690 TI - A stage analysis of self-initiated smoking reductions. AB - Most smoking cessation treatments are predicated on the assumption that the course of smoking reduction is psychologically homogeneous. The present study tested an alternative model incorporating three distinct stages: initial decision, initial control, and maintenance. Three measures (perceived health locus of control, desire to stop, and self-esteem) were used to predict self initiated smoking reduction in 61 regular smokers. Criterion smoking change measures (one for each stage) were obtained at follow-up. Multiple regression analyses of the criteria showed a different set of predictors were significant for each: desire to stop predicted the decision to reduce smoking, self-esteem predicted initial smoking reduction, and the combination of internal health locus of control beliefs and strong desire to stop predicted successful maintenance of reduction. The differential success across criteria of the predictors shows the value of the stage analysis and suggests the development of smoking treatments varying by stage. PMID- 6666691 TI - Predictors of relapse: interaction of drinking-related locus of control and reasons for drinking. AB - Pretreatment scores from the drinking-related locus of control scale (DRIE) and reasons for drinking were investigated as predictors of drinking relapse over a nine-month follow-up in a sample of 232 male alcoholics. A significant relationship was found between reasons for drinking and the probability of relapse, with the lowest relapse rates occurring among patients who identified interpersonal conflicts or positive emotional states as the most important reasons for their pretreatment drinking. Results of a reasons for drinking by relapse status ANOVA on DRIE scores revealed no significant main effects. There was, however, a significant interaction. Among patients who attributed their drinking to negative emotional states, those who either relapsed or were lost to follow-up had significantly more external DRIE scores. Among patients who identified negative physical states (i.e., craving) as their primary reason for drinking, relapse or attrition was associated with significantly more internal DRIE scores. Results support assessment of these cognitive social learning constructs for differential treatment planning with patients at increased risk of relapse. PMID- 6666692 TI - Biofeedback: a possible substitute for smoking, experiment I. AB - Biofeedback techniques were utilized in this study to identify those physiological variables which possibly contribute to maintenance of cigarette smoking and to investigate the hypothesis that smoking frequency would decrease when individuals were trained via biofeedback procedures to increase 8-12 Hz occipital EEG activity as a substitute for smoking. Results of the study indicate that of the six smokers physiologically monitored, the following physiological changes occurred while actually smoking one cigarette: four smokers increased the percent of time they were producing 4-8 cycle per second (Hz) brain waves; five smokers increased their heart rate (beats per minute); all six smokers decreased their 8-12 Hz activity. Immediately after the smoking of one cigarette, six of the smokers demonstrated an increase in their heart rate and four of the smokers demonstrated a decrease in their skin temperature. There did not appear to be any specific consistent brain wave change across the subjects. Two smokers, who were able to continue producing high levels of 8-12 Hz activity without use of the biofeedback equipment, were able to quit completely at the end of an eight-month followup period. PMID- 6666693 TI - A descriptive analysis of men and women who have lost significant weight and are highly successful at maintaining the loss. AB - Forty-one women and 13 men who have lost at least 20% of their body weight and still maintain the loss after at least two years responded to newspaper and television publicity and were interviewed. Significant sex differences were found in strategies for weight loss and subsequent maintenance. In addition to increased exercise, nutritional sophistication, and self-monitoring in both sexes, the majority of female subjects assumed responsibility for their need to lose weight, developed their own diets, exercise, and maintenance plans, and have become more involved in business and other activities outside the home. PMID- 6666694 TI - Urging the alcoholic client to quit smoking cigarettes. AB - Cigarette smoking is highly correlated with alcohol abuse. Yet information regarding smoking cessation for alcoholics is largely absent. To begin addressing this gap, 311 alcohol treatment professionals staffing 23 inpatient facilities in Washington state reviewed a list of 8 different time points, including "never," at which an alcohol-involved adult could be urged to quit smoking cigarettes. Respondents first selected those time points at which they favored and then those at which they personally encouraged smoking cessation. One year after the onset of sobriety emerged as the preferred time point. Responses were analyzed according to the treatment staff's self-reported alcohol and smoking status. Staff who described themselves as alcoholics and smokers were significantly less likely than nonalcoholic-nonsmokers to urge smoking cessation efforts. PMID- 6666696 TI - Can disulfiram use precipitate urges to drink alcohol? AB - Although pharmacological data suggest that patients taking disulfiram should have a reduced desire to drink alcohol, voluntary compliance with disulfiram treatment is quite poor. As a possible explanation for why so many patients discontinue taking disulfiram and return to excessive drinking, it was hypothesized that daily disulfiram administration might serve as a cognitive stimulus precipitating urges to drink alcohol and/or inadvertently exposing patients to additional drinking-related cues. If this is the case, then patients taking disulfiram should report more thoughts about or urges to drink alcohol. In an exploratory, uncontrolled clinical study, alcohol abusers who were taking disulfiram tended to self-record more cravings for alcohol over a two week period than did abstinent patients who were not taking disulfiram. Controlled research is needed to investigate whether disulfiram use may serve as a cue antecedent to relapse to drinking. PMID- 6666695 TI - An investigation of a minimal contact brand fading program for smoking treatment. AB - Self-help methods are preferred by smokers over clinic-based treatments providing more traditional services. Unfortunately, these more popular methods have not been extremely successful in getting smokers to quit. The poor success rates may be partially related to the lack of structure inherent in these treatment approaches. The present study examined a self-help program delivered to smokers via a written manual and limited duration phone calls--the latter to add structure to the treatment procedures. The results, a 23% abstinent rate, indicate that this approach has some promise for treating chronic smokers. PMID- 6666697 TI - The test-retest reliability of measures used in cigarette smoking research. AB - The test-retest reliability of three measures used in cigarette smoking research was assessed over a two week period. In terms of either shifts in the mean from time 1 to time 2, or a low correlation between time 1 and time 2, or a change in internal consistency from time 1 to time 2, none of the measures was considered adequately reliable. PMID- 6666698 TI - The influence of proximal vs. distal goals on adherence to prescribed calories. AB - Females and males undergoing behavioral treatment for obesity were advised to consume 1200 or 1500 calories daily. Subjects were instructed to reference calories either immediately following consumption, or daily, after having consumed the last food item. Subjects who referenced calories daily were not provided with further calorie goals. Subjects who referenced calories immediately following consumption were advised to set calorie subgoals for daily meals and snacks according to personal preference. Treatment was followed by a 6-month maintenance phase and continuation of the experimental manipulation. Subjects reported a progressive reduction in calories during treatment with no significant changes in intake evident during maintenance. Differential goal instructions produced reports of greater deprivation and greater attrition yet substantial weight losses among subjects given daily goals compared to subjects who also set meal and snack subgoals. PMID- 6666699 TI - The reactive effects of assessing reported rates and alveolar carbon monoxide levels on smoking behavior. PMID- 6666700 TI - Treatment of borderline adolescents. AB - A recent revision of the proposed DSM III description of the borderline category is presented with reference to the work of Masterson (1972) and Grinker (1968). The contributions of Roger Shapiro et al. to a psychoanalytic formulation of the developmental and familial dynamics are summarized with reference to the genetic factors and the lack of validation to date of any general hypothesis. Treatment recommendations of Wolberg, Shapiro and Jacobson (1971) are described. Grinker's operational criteria were chosen for the pilot study: a defect in affectional relationships with no enduring close ties; child-like angry relationships with parental or authority figures, particularly in the dysphoric group; low self esteem very poor sense of identity; a chronic depression characterized more by loneliness and boredom than by guilt or loss, and a pervading sense of anger or resentment. Cases are presented to illustrate treatment strategies. A brief differential diagnostic statement is made describing "borderline" as a separate category from other disorders manifesting oppositional, antisocial, and violent behavior. PMID- 6666701 TI - The etiology of female juvenile delinquency and gang membership: a test of psychological and social structural explanations. AB - A large portion of the research carried out to date on juvenile delinquency and gang behavior has been concentrated on male delinquents. For example, Thrasher's study (1927) of 1,313 gangs in Chicago devoted less than a page to the question of whether or not females form gangs in the same way that males do. When females are included in delinquency studies, their behavior is almost always explained in psychological or social-psychological terms. The general reasoning is that females commit delinquent acts or join delinquent gangs because they are socially maladjusted, come from broken and unhappy homes, and do not relate well to the opposite sex. In this article, we juxtapose this theoretical perspective to a social structural explanation of both female juvenile delinquency and female gang membership, and then test these two alternative explanations for juvenile delinquency using data on black, female juveniles collected in Los Angeles during the mid-1960s. PMID- 6666702 TI - Socialization of adolescent girls into physical activity. AB - This study examined variables which influence the socialization of adolescent girls into physical activity using the three components of Kenyon and McPherson's (1973) model: personal attributes, socializing agents, and socialization situations. The questionnaire was completed by 661 girls from Grades 6 to 10. Of the six measures of physical activity, participation was significantly different among grades for three variables but not for three others. Different components of the socialization model were more important for certain types of activities than for others. For competitive interschool teams and intramural activities, certain personal attributes (movement satisfaction and self-confident, independent, and assertive self-descriptions) were most important. For community organized activities, socializing agents and socialization situations (socioeconomic status) were most influential, while for the total activities participated in, socialization situations (amount of sports equipment) were crucial. PMID- 6666703 TI - A developmental study of body recognition in adolescent girls. AB - One hundred and fifty-seven pre-menarcheal, menarcheal and post-menarcheal girls were photographed in three orientations: front, side and rear. They were somatotyped and asked to identify themselves from an array of five photographs grouped according to height and linearity. A developmental sequence in accuracy of identification was found for frontal orientations. Accuracy for premenarcheal girls was 59%, for menarcheal girls 66% and for postmenarcheal 84%. Different patterns were found for other orientations. The results are discussed in terms of change in body image, narcissism and preoccupation with the physical self during adolescence. PMID- 6666704 TI - The value of children to children. AB - The data included in this paper demonstrate that the Hoffman scheme for conceptualizing the values of children applies about as well to responses from children aged 10 to 18 as it does to the responses of adults. Some of the same variables related to adult perceptions of values of children show similar relationships among children. Data are included from both mothers and children in the families sampled. Alternative wording of the questions about the values of children indicates that while children and mothers may be aware of the dominant cultural values, they may not have internalized these for themselves. PMID- 6666705 TI - Alcohol use and delinquency among black, white and hispanic adolescent offenders. AB - This study examines the relationship between drinking and criminal behavior among adolescent offenders. Data were collected by means of questionnaires administered to 342 residents of a public juvenile facility in the summer of 1979. Analyses were performed separately for each racial subgroup including blacks, whites and hispanics. Based on simple correlation, the results show that among each subgroup, drinking is strongly associated with minor juvenile offenses. However, the correlation between drinking and serious offenses is strong only for blacks and whites. Multiple regression further reveals that relative to other background and behavioral factors, drinking is the strongest single predictor of criminal offenses among blacks, with less importance for whites and little importance for hispanics. Implications for prevention are discussed. PMID- 6666707 TI - Three myths concerning adolescence. AB - This paper examines relevant literature from the seventeenth century to the present regarding myths about adolescence. The findings do not support the contentions that adolescence is a time of rebellious, antisocial, and unacceptable behavior; the concept of adolescence has been present throughout history; and there is a generation gap between adolescents and their parents. Belief in these myths can distort perceptions, thus affecting the way professionals deal with adolescents. Debunking of these myths will allow professionals who work with adolescents to maintain objectivity by helping them distinguish clearly between fact and myths. PMID- 6666708 TI - Perspective-taking among offender and nonoffender youth. AB - Research has shown that adolescents show varying abilities in the area of social perspective-taking. The relative importance of offender and nonoffender status or sex on perspective-taking abilities is still unclear. The purpose of this paper was to investigate differences between male and female offender and nonoffender youth in this area. Subjects of the study were 117, 14- and 15-year-old adolescents, 64 boys and 53 girls from three juvenile facilities and one public high school in the midwest. Perspective-taking was assessed by having subjects take the Rest's Defining Issue Test (DIT) three consecutive times, as himself/herself, as a teacher, and as a police officer. Findings of the study indicated that 14- and 15-year-old offenders and non-offenders did not differ in their perspective-taking ability across three social roles. One explanation for this finding may be that younger adolescents are in developmental transition in this domain of cognitive functioning. Suggestions for future research in this area were made. PMID- 6666706 TI - Stimulant medication and the hyperactive adolescent: myths and facts. AB - There is a widespread myth that when hyperactive or attentionally disabled youth reach puberty, stimulant medication ceases to be an effective and appropriate means of treatment. Since there is no scientific data to support this myth, its origin and maintenance are attributed to nonrational beliefs about stimulant medication, hyperactivity, and adolescence, as well as to methodological factors which have hampered accurate data-gathering by professionals. PMID- 6666709 TI - Test bias and the culturally different early adolescent. AB - Test bias has been defined as a phenomenon in which the effects of a given test result in negative outcomes for a given person because that person is identified with a certain group (Sedlacek, 1976). As this paper is specifically concerned with test bias and the culturally different, the latter should be defined as individuals "from lower socioeconomic groups who may also be members of a minority group" (Brown, no date). On IQ tests, blacks generally score one standard deviation below whites, and low-income Hispanics also score below average (Laosa, 1976). Test bias can be manifested in all or any of the following: 1) content bias, 2) atmosphere bias, and/or 3) use bias (Sedlacek, 1976). A discussion of each follows. PMID- 6666710 TI - Aggression levels in college students after exposure or non-exposure to an aggressive life experience. AB - Through a secondary analysis of existing data, the authors researched the question of what types of aggressive behaviors are learned from an individual's social environment. The findings included data on three student groups: 1) students who had never been in military service; 2) students who had been in military service and had been to Viet Nam; and 3) students who had been in military service, but who had not been to Viet Nam. The results indicated that assault is clearly one aggressive behavior that appears to increase with exposure to an aggressive life experience. PMID- 6666711 TI - Re-forming the boundaries: a trans-cultural comparison of positive experiences among adolescent males and females. AB - A cross-cultural study of positive experiences among males and females from Israeli-Arab, Israeli-Jewish and American samples revealed that differences between the sexes will be in the same direction across the three cultures. These cultural similarities--and sexual distinctions--manifest themselves with respect to the nature and intensity of the positive experiences, as well as to the nature of life aspirations. The one exception is the life aspiration of Israeli boys, markedly more self-transcending than evidenced by boys of the other cultures. This is, however, directly attributable to the unique political and military exigencies of Israeli-Jewish society. PMID- 6666712 TI - An analysis of the interpersonal perceptions of adolescents. AB - The main purpose of this study is to investigate the concerns, needs, and other characteristics of interpersonal relationships of adolescents as reflected in the stories they write in response to a stimulus provided in the instrument developed by the author. The second objective is to investigate the main sources of influence on the interpersonal perceptions of adolescents. The subjects are 655 adolescents in Virginia; 43% are public high school students attending grades 9 through 12; and 57% are residents of reformatory facilities, ages 15-18. A comparison of these two groups regarding the types and frequency of themes elicited is made. The themes also are analyzed by sex and race. Content analysis indicates that the predominant themes are affiliation (family and friendship), aggression, achievement (sports), and drugs. As to the sources of influence, "personal experience" ranked highest, followed by "from my mind and my imagination," while "TV" and "books" ranked third and fourth with similar percentages. PMID- 6666713 TI - Adolescent thinking and the quality of life. AB - Adolescence is often primarily viewed as a problematic period of development. This paper provides a counterview that adolescence is a life period of considerable potential development and productivity. Psychological research on formal operations, conceptual research on the quality of life, and historical findings from the Italian Renaissance provide the basis for this alternative conceptualization of adolescence. PMID- 6666714 TI - The sentiments of love and aspirations for marriage and their association with teenage sexual activity and pregnancy. AB - This study questions the findings of most research claiming that teenage pregnancies are generally unwanted, unplanned and unintended. It starts with the question of why most sexually active teenagers put themselves at risk of becoming pregnant if they do not desire it. The hypothesis is that sentiments of "love" and "aspirations for marriage" are related to starting sexual activity and subsequent pregnancy. The sample is 123 school-age mothers. It was found that sentiments of "love" were associated with becoming pregnant more than with starting sexual activity. Most of the respondents who were "in love" at the onset of pregnancy were hoping to marry their sex partners and, in fact, many thought that marriage would occur in the very near future following the outcome of pregnancy. These findings suggest that more research needs to be directed at the development of affective bonds with and the aspirations for marriage to the sex partners. Such research may explain why these teenagers put themselves at risk. PMID- 6666715 TI - How much can the school house control? AB - Conflict between school systems and their communities is part of American history. Much of the conflict is symbolic, the school being the stage for the acting out of deeper clashes. Several hundred teachers in the north Florida area were polled in 1977 and 1978 to identify areas of conflict between schools and community. The issue which evoked the greatest dissension was the question of responsibility for the children of the new American underclass. Data were tabulated and analyzed in the light of historical patterns developed by the author, and the conclusion drawn that school-community conflict will persist with regard to the teaching of underclass children because the public has no clear perception about who is responsible. PMID- 6666716 TI - The relationship of paternal acceptance and control to college females' personality adjustment. AB - This study examined the relationship between father acceptance, father control, and personality adjustment of college-aged women. Women participating in this questionnaire study were 72 never-married students aged 18 to 26 who were raised with their natural father present in the home until age 16. Father acceptance and father control were assessed by means of the Children's Report of Parent Behavior Inventory (CRPBI). Personality adjustment was measured by the Adjective Check List. As hypothesized, the father's acceptance and control was found to be positively related to the daughter's level of personality adjustment. Both paternal behavior dimensions added significantly to the amount of variance of the daughter's level of personality adjustment. Implications in terms of Baumrind's (1972) model of authoritative parenting were discussed. PMID- 6666717 TI - Developing internality and perceived competence: the empowerment of adolescent girls. AB - A small group workshop, developed for Big Sisters of Colorado, Inc. to complement their traditional program, was evaluated to determine its effectiveness for working-class and underclass adolescent girls. The "Life Choices" program was successful with working-class Ss, resulting in increased internality and perceived competence for school success, social relationships and general life events. These Ss also increased their knowledge of both traditional and non traditional career alternatives. However, the program did not succeed with underclass adolescent girls, who showed no increase in internality or knowledge of career alternatives and reported a significant decrease in perceived competence after completing the same program. It is suggested that the goals and strategies presented in such programs must be designed specifically for adolescents of different backgrounds if they are to result in empowerment of the participants. PMID- 6666718 TI - A survey of attitudes concerning contraception and the resolution of teenage pregnancy. AB - This study reports the results of a survey of 498 respondents in a large midwestern community concerning their attitudes toward making contraceptive services available to teenagers and the manner in which a teenage pregnancy should be resolved. The results indicated that the large majority of respondents approved of the practice of making contraceptives available to teenagers but there were also significant differences in attitudes expressed which were dependent upon demographic characteristics of the respondent. There was also considerable variability in the attitudes expressed concerning the resolution of a teenage pregnancy. The preferred method of resolution depended again on the demographic characteristics of the respondent. Keeping the baby and placing the baby for adoption were the most frequent choices. These results are discussed with relation to the present strong political conservative movement in the nation. PMID- 6666719 TI - The effects of family disruption on adolescent males and females. AB - Given the rapidly increasing rate of marital dissolution, a staggering number of children are experiencing family disruption. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the possible effects of separation and divorce on the formation of adolescents' self-image. Additionally, this study sought to determine if adolescents from disrupted homes differed from those from intact homes with regard to anxiety levels, locus of control, and perception of their family. A total of 217 subjects participated in the study by completing a battery of questionnaires. Results indicated that males from disrupted homes had better self concepts and better perceptions of their family environment than those from intact homes. The opposite results were found among females, emphasizing the difference between the sexes in adjusting to family disruption. PMID- 6666720 TI - Halos vs. stigmas: long-term effects of parent's death or divorce on college students' concepts of the family. AB - College students from families of divorce, of death of a parent, and of intact families rated the meaning of six concepts of the family: mother, father, I myself, marriage, family, and divorce. The Semantic Differential was used to assess four dimensions of meaning of family concepts: evaluation, potency, activity, and general cultural favorability. Children of divorce rated father less favorably than did children of death of a parent or of intact families; however, children of divorce rated divorce more favorably than the remaining two groups. Also, children of divorce evaluated the family concepts that were rated here more negatively than, but equally as potent and active as, children of death of a parent and of intact families. Thus, several long-term stigmas attach to family among children of divorce, but no evidence was found of a halo effect for children of death of a parent. PMID- 6666721 TI - Female puberty rites: reconsideration and speculation. AB - By using the odd-numbered Murdock-White SCCS societies, Brown's three hypotheses on female puberty rites were tested. Only matrilocal/ambilocal residence was significantly associated with female puberty rites. But after an adjustment for data quality control, even this relationship became insignificant. Female physiology as symbolized by menstruation is suggested as a better predictor for female puberty rites. PMID- 6666722 TI - Adolescents' concepts of depression among their peers. AB - The purpose of this study was to quantify the behavioral cues adolescents use to identify their peers as depressed in order to gain a more accurate understanding of the factors associated with adolescent depressive symptomatology. Because of limited information about depression in adolescents, a questionnaire was constructed to explore the concept in this age group. Ninety-nine middle and high school students, 12 to 18 years old, completed the questionnaire which included open-ended and forced choice questions. The results indicated that social isolation was an important component of adolescents' concepts of depression among their peers. Subjects felt that there was a higher frequency of alcohol and marijuana use among depressed as compared to non-depressed peers. Eighty-six percent of the subjects believed that most depressed adolescents had suicidal thoughts, but only 35% believed that most depressed adolescents had attempted suicide. Factor analyses of the subjects' responses to the open-ended questions delineated several underlying dimensions of depressive symptomatology which adolescents appear to use in identifying their peers as depressed. PMID- 6666723 TI - Insulin receptors in brain. PMID- 6666724 TI - Suction curettage lipectomy. AB - In 1981, we started performing minor suction curettage with the elements available at that time. In the course of surgical practice, we have modified the suction system and devised a new pattern of suction cannulas adapted for this kind of operation, with all possible variants. During this period, we have treated 150 patients, ranging in age from 17 to 63 years. In the light of present knowledge, we consider it time to provide a systematization of this technique. PMID- 6666725 TI - Abdominoplasty: technical refinement and analysis of 130 cases in 8 years' follow up. AB - The author describes surgical details and improvements on his personal technique. He establishes a relationship between the method and the natural phenomenon that occurs on the umbilical region of the newborn child. The author suggests reimplanting the umbilicus 1 cm below its natural projection on the abdominal flap. He presents two new instruments, one to facilitate the incisions and the other to help the marking of the umbilical area. He describes 8 years' follow-up of 130 patients. PMID- 6666726 TI - Umbilicoplasty: conversion of "outie" to "innie". AB - The protuberant "outie" umbilicus is regarded by some patients to be unattractive and undesirable. Surgical conversion of the protuberant umbilicus to a tubular structure is accomplished by excising the mass of umbilical scar and utilizing 2 skin flaps, one to line the reconstructed tube and the other to form the superior hood of the tubular "innie" umbilicus. PMID- 6666727 TI - A measuring scale for objective evaluation of the nasal shape. AB - Evaluating preoperative expectations and post-operative results of the physical aspects of a rhinoplasty is a challenge. Using a graphic scale of 4 aspects of the nose--length, width, hump, and tip--can enable almost anyone to achieve a more or less objective evaluation of nasal characteristics. The scale ranges from 1, being the "nicest," to 7, being the "worst." The scales can be prepared on translucent sheets suitable for superimposing on pre- and postoperative photographs, and the differences in scores give a value to the result. PMID- 6666728 TI - Rhinoplasty update: preoperative evaluation of 4,040 cases. AB - A total of 4,040 cases of cosmetic rhinoplasty surgery was evaluated in terms of sex distribution, age, marital status, and motivating factors. There was a male to female ratio of 1:15.9. Of the 1,880 patients operated on between 1975 and 1980, there were 40.2% females and 33.3% males over the age of 24 years. This is an increase over a previous patient group of 2,160 patients treated between 1964 and 1974, in which older women comprised 26.8% and older men 24% of those treated. The proportion of married patients has increased since 1975, with 29.1% of the women married and 11.4% of the men (versus 18.6% and 4.8%, respectively, for the earlier period). Motivating factors included the patient's own desire for a change, external influences such as advice from family or friends, and observation of someone who had undergone rhinoplasty successfully. PMID- 6666729 TI - Traumatic nasal deformities. AB - Lateral deviations of the nose can be caused by various violent injuries or even by unsuccessful surgery (iatrogenic). Early treatment of fractures is not only bloodless but very much easier in contrast to older injuries which can only be corrected by surgery. Under these circumstances, a complete revision and repositioning of the upper and inferior lateral cartilages or alar cartilages is advisable. In both cases, the simultaneous correction of the affected septum is fundamental. The authors recommend packing of the nasal cavities for 5 days and immobilization with an aluminum splint for 7 days. PMID- 6666730 TI - Evaluation of the different methods used in the treatment of rhinoplastic sequelae. AB - Reports on rhinoplastic sequelae are infrequent. Reported incidence rates vary from 5% to 12%. The authors have an overall rate of 8%, with 6.5% of cases involving slight sequelae and 1.5% moderate ones. Various techniques for correction are used, depending on the sequel. Silastic implants have been unsatisfactory over the long term, so generally autogenous implants are used. PMID- 6666731 TI - Reduction mammoplasty: some observations and reflections. AB - The ideal procedure for reduction mammoplasty should: (a) create a breast of desired size with an aesthetically pleasing shape; (b) leave small "invisible" scars; (c) preserve the nursing capacity; (d) leave the erotic sensibility intact; and (e) have no postoperative complications. Most of the unfavorable results can be avoided by careful preoperative planning and restrictive patient selection, with special attention being given to very young patients and to those with unrealistic expectations. PMID- 6666732 TI - Initial clinical experience with "low bleed" breast implants. AB - Considerable data indicate that "low bleed" breast implants could lead to a reduction in the incidence of clinically evident capsular contraction. This paper represents an initial clinical evaluation of "low bleed" breast implants. Initial data indicate that there is a reduction of the incidence of capsular contraction in patients in which "low bleed" implants have been used. PMID- 6666733 TI - Capsular contraction and deflation associated with inflatable implants. AB - In 9 patients who had inflatable implants placed and underwent open capsulectomy and replacement of these implants, severe degrees of capsular contraction were found in all patients. In addition, 7 of the 9 patients had some degree of deflation of the implant causing noticeable breast distortion or loss of breast volume. Many of the capsules removed showed actual crystalline material present in the capsules with a more severe degree of encapsulation than found with other types of implants. Inflatable implants offer no advantages over gel implants and are certainly not to be used in preference to other forms of breast implants. PMID- 6666735 TI - Tetanus in northern Alabama. PMID- 6666734 TI - Recurrent Mondor's disease after augmentation mammoplasty. AB - Mondor's disease is an uncommon disorder that occurs mostly with no specific etiology. In selected cases, it may accompany other conditions such as augmentation mammoplasty. Recurrence of the disease has been very rare. The purpose of this paper is to present a case of recurrence of the disease in two different superficial veins of the anterior chest wall. No similar case has been reported before. PMID- 6666736 TI - Parkinsonism, problems and postulates. PMID- 6666737 TI - Caduceus confusion or Aesculapius explained. PMID- 6666738 TI - Office use of the doppler for vascular disease. PMID- 6666739 TI - Practical tympanometry and stapedial reflex testing in office practice. PMID- 6666742 TI - The use of sign by deaf children: the opinions of a deaf community. PMID- 6666741 TI - Using bilingual instructional models in teaching hearing-impaired students. PMID- 6666740 TI - Competencies critical to teachers of hearing-impaired students in two settings. PMID- 6666743 TI - A locus of control inventory for postsecondary hearing-impaired students. PMID- 6666744 TI - Deaf awareness through literature using deaf adults as role models. PMID- 6666745 TI - Memory for spatial and temporal order in deaf children. PMID- 6666746 TI - Teachers' ratings of deaf children: an American-Danish comparison. PMID- 6666747 TI - Brief historical background on the certification process in corrective therapy, and a policy statement regarding certification eligibility. PMID- 6666748 TI - Variability of shoulder flexion with age, activity and sex. PMID- 6666749 TI - Chronobiology: anatomy in time. AB - Chronobiology is that branch of science that objectively explores and quantifies mechanisms of biological time structure, including the important rhythmic manifestations of life. It is the study of biological rhythms. This paper introduces chronobiology and some of its vocabulary, principles, and techniques. A circadian rhythm is a regularly repetitive, quantitative physiological change with a period of about 24 hr (20-28), but the spectrum of rhythms includes those with periods less than 20 hr (ultradian) and longer than 28 hr (infradian). These rhythms are ubiquitous among the eukaryotes, innate and endogenous; their periods are precisely controlled by synchronizers in the environment. Rhythms can be manipulated by altering their synchronizers or by introducing more dominant ones. When organisms are removed from their environment and placed in constant conditions, rhythms revert to their natural frequencies and free-run. All of an organism's rhythms operate simultaneously, but their peaks and troughs do not necessarily occur at the same time. There are rhythms in susceptibility to drugs; a fixed dose may have a therapeutic effect at one point along the 24 hr time scale and a harmful one at another. Knowledge of these rhythms can be important when designing experimental or treatment protocols and interpreting results. Examples are provided to show that single-time-point sampling can lead to erroneous results, unless biological periodicity is taken into consideration. PMID- 6666750 TI - Expectation and burnout in the developmental disabilities field. AB - Psychological burnout was assessed in staff members at workshops and community residences for the developmentally disabled. Participants also rated expectations for client progress and for their own contribution to clients. They reported on change in expectation since they entered the field. High expectations were related to low burnout; workers who reported experiencing large negative expectation change were most burned out. Burnout seemed to be prevented when staff members made an expectation shift from reliance on client progress to a sense of personal efficacy. This finding is discussed in terms of personal causation, internal control of reinforcement, and adaptation-level theory. There was little evidence of client depersonalization, a usual component of burnout. Such a burnout pattern may be a function of the ethic of community care for the developmentally disabled. PMID- 6666751 TI - Coping with domestic violence: social support and psychological health among battered women. AB - This study suggests a conceptual framework for examining the impact of stress (i.e., level of violence), personal resources, social support, institutional responsiveness, and coping upon the psychological health (i.e., depression, mastery, and self-esteem) of battered women. Respondents were 60 women who had sought assistance from a shelter for battered women. Results indicated that increased levels of violence, minimal personal resources, lack of institutional and informal social support, and greater avoidant coping styles were related to lowered self-esteem and more severe depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses suggested that stress (i.e., level of violence) and personal resources may have indirect effects upon functioning through their impact on coping responses and the availability of social support. In particular, women who had fewer social contacts unaccompanied by their partner were less likely to receive supportive responses from friends. Implications for research and practice are discussed. PMID- 6666752 TI - Changing expectations: a longitudinal study of community attitudes toward a nuclear power plant. AB - Initial and 5-year follow-up interviews were conducted with 213 residents of the host community for a nuclear power plant. The purpose was to determine possible changes in attitudes toward the plant and expectations about potential outcomes associated with construction. Large negative changes in attitudes toward the plant were noted and were accompanied most notably by decreased expectations of positive outcomes. The structure of the expectations remained essentially stable over the 5-year period. Perceptions of hazards, community disruption, and economic benefits as measured early in construction and during peak construction were found to be the best predictors of acceptance of the nuclear plant. Initial expectations were found to predict overall attitude toward the plant 5 years later. Results were discussed in terms of implications for social impact assessment, large-scale community change, and the predictability of community attitudes toward nuclear power plant construction. PMID- 6666753 TI - Training of interns and practicum students at community mental health centers. AB - This study assessed training experiences offered to interns and graduate students at 464 federally funded community mental health centers. Doctoral level internship programs existed at 128 centers, and practicum training was offered at 240 settings. Questionnaires filled out by directors reveal that although the majority of training programs are not as yet APA-approved, they have become an important component in the training network in terms of the number of students being trained. Training and exceptional areas of training are still in traditional clinical areas. However, there has been an evolution of training in community mental health/community psychology areas which is still gaining momentum. Data are presented on consultation settings, orientations to consultation, and the availability of training in consultation. The need for directing effort at obtaining financial support for training is indicated. PMID- 6666754 TI - School advisory council participation and effectiveness. AB - This study presents a preliminary framework of the variables of effective citizen participation on mandated school advisory councils and systematically investigates the relative effects of participant-type (e.g., parent, teacher), council power, leadership style, and social climate on council member satisfaction and involvement with their councils. A group of 149 school principals and 505 of their council members provided data for the study. The major findings revealed that increased satisfaction, feelings of involvement, and actual number of activities engaged in by council members are related to higher degrees of council member power, more support from the principal for member involvement, clearer role and responsibility definition, and a person-oriented leadership style of the principal. It was also found that principals and teachers are less satisfied with council effectiveness than parents. Theoretical and intervention implications of the results are discussed. PMID- 6666755 TI - Locus of control and control perceptions and the relationship between life stress and psychological disorder. AB - This study tested the effects of life stress and variables hypothesized to moderate these effects using a multivariate hierarchical regression model. College undergraduates served as subjects. The variables of life stress, dispositional locus of control beliefs, perceptions of control over life event outcomes and psychological disorder were measured at two points in time. At both measurement periods, negative life events were significantly related to psychological disorder. This relationship was found even when initial psychological disorder was statistically controlled. Dispositional locus of control beliefs and control perceptions failed to moderate the effects of life events at either measurement period. Control perceptions appeared to be more a function of event characteristics than subjects' dispositional characteristics, given that these perceptions were unrelated to locus of control beliefs and that the outcomes of negative events were consistently viewed as less controllable than those of positive events. The findings support the relationship between life stress and psychological disorder but they call into question the moderating effects of locus of control beliefs and perceptions of control over life event outcomes. PMID- 6666757 TI - A comparison of community attitudes toward CMHC services and clients with those of mental hospitals. AB - Community residents (n = 403) in the East Catchment area of Tucson, Arizona, were interviewed to assess attitudes toward community mental health center (CMHC) services and patients as well as mental hospital services and patients. These residents reported significantly more positive attitudes toward CMHC services than mental hospital services; however, there were no differences in reported attitudes towards CMHC and mental hospital patients. Results are discussed in terms of shifts in community residents' attitudes towards mental health services in general and community-based services in particular. Implications of community attitudes for support of CMHC programs in a time of increasing financial cutbacks are also explored. PMID- 6666756 TI - The dissemination of a social intervention: process and effectiveness of two types of paraprofessional change agents. AB - This study was a beginning step in the dissemination of a successful intervention into delinquency which had previously used only university undergraduates as paraprofessional change agents. The interventions implemented and the comparative effectiveness of community college and university undergraduate paraprofessionals were examined using both process and outcome data. It was found that in general the community college paraprofessionals did fewer purposeful activities with their youth, but there were no differences in impact on areas such as youth's perceived positive change at home and school, self-reported delinquency, and amount and frequency of recidivism. In fact, both groups had positive impact on rate of recidivism which surpassed a treatment-as-usual comparison group. Implications for the dissemination of such programs were discussed. PMID- 6666758 TI - Sources of assistance among residents of a Dutch high-rise development. PMID- 6666759 TI - Biologic response to environmental toxins. AB - Biological response to environmental toxins results from the sum of natural, environmental, avocational, inapparent, and occupational exposures. These external exposures result in acceptable or unacceptable levels of absorption or internal exposure based on anticipated biological effects. There is no level of exposure which is in and of itself synonymous with intoxication. Biological effects may be classified as physiologic or pathologic, adaptive or nonadaptive, respectively. In each instance, the response may be acceptable or unacceptable. Intoxication requires the demonstration of a significant impairment of health. One may have an unacceptable pathologic response and still not have intoxication. Professional judgment is required. PMID- 6666760 TI - Accidental hanging in autoeroticism. An unusual case occurring outdoors. AB - An unusual case of asphyxial death during autoeroticism is described and the syndrome briefly discussed. PMID- 6666761 TI - A male with autoerotic asphyxia syndrome. AB - Approximately 250 deaths per year in the United States are attributed to the dangerous sexual paraphilia of autoerotic asphyxia. There are few studies of live practitioners of this practice which includes the act of self-asphyxiation, usually by hanging, while masturbating. Common features of the syndrome is the adoption of the role of a female transvestite, the use of pornographic material, the special kind of location for the hanging ritual, and the dynamics arising out of having a dominant mother and physically ill father. With adolescent males the ritual tends to be solitary, while in adults the tendency is to move into a homosexual couple practice that has sadomasochistic features. The source of such a practice is an enigma to researchers in spite of the long-known history of its occurrence. Few practioners have been studied while alive, and most practitioners have been studied by psychological autopsy. The authors report the history of a 24-year-old male, with a 10-year practice of autoerotic asphyxia who was first seen for a conversion reaction which affected his ability to walk. His symptoms began soon after a vigorous and repetitive engagement in his hanging ritual which left him very light-headed and weak-kneed. He believed he had caused himself permanent physical damage and he sought professional assistance at that time. PMID- 6666762 TI - Sexual abuse and death of an elderly lady by "fisting". AB - We describe the death of an elderly lady which resulted from the insertion of the hand and forearm into the rectum. The practice of "fisting" is a form of sexual activity confined primarily to the homosexual community. We report this death to alert forensic pathologists to this unusual practice, which can be fatal. PMID- 6666763 TI - A case of suicidal ligature strangulation. AB - The following report describes a suicidal death in a 53-year-old white male utilizing ligature strangulation. the elements of the procedure used by the decedent were: 1) successive wrapping of a twine around his neck (35 circumferences) while pulling the rope taut, 2) tying a knot and manually applying further tension, and 3) bending forward to increase the neck circumference, further increasing the constrictive effect of the twine. Normally, self-ligature strangulation is prevented as the individual becomes unconscious as the venous circulation is obstructed, leading to relaxation of the ligature tension. In this case, the successive layers of twine provided gradually applied tension, and the action of bending forward caused further constriction which would only increase as the decedent lapsed into unconsciousness and continued to fall forward. A history of recent depression supported suicide as the manner of death. Accidental autoerotic death was ruled out as the manner of death by lack of scene evidence, and the rarity of that event in an elderly male. PMID- 6666764 TI - Rapid comparison of bite marks by xerography. PMID- 6666765 TI - Changing legal standards for proof of causation in hazardous waste tort cases. Plaintiffs' problems and congressional responses. AB - Increasing public awareness and concern over the possible dangers of exposure to toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes has resulted in a variety of lawsuits brought by plaintiffs claiming injury resulting from chemical exposure. The legal system and its traditional approach to tort cases demands that a plaintiff demonstrate that a particular chemical substance was the "cause in fact" of his injury. However, a plaintiff's inability to present credible scientific evidence sufficient to pinpoint conclusively the specific cause of his injury or disease, particularly in cancer cases, leads to defeat in courts of law. This article discusses the existing barriers to plaintiffs' recovery in toxic tort cases and reviews congressional proposals designed to ease plaintiffs' evidentiary burden and increase their chances of prevailing. PMID- 6666766 TI - The Food and Drug Administration as a source of information for health professionals. PMID- 6666768 TI - More criticism--article on neurodevelopmental treatment. PMID- 6666767 TI - Purposeful activities. A position paper. PMID- 6666769 TI - Structured exploratory data analysis (SEDA) of finger ridge-count inheritance: I. Major gene index, midparental correlation, and offspring-between-parents function in 125 south Indian families. AB - Fourteen dermatoglyphic traits measured on 125 Velanadu Brahmin families were analyzed for mode of inheritance using three Structured Exploratory Data Analysis (SEDA) statistics: the major gene index, the offspring between parents function, and the traditional midparental correlation coefficient. Since the traits are integer valued with restricted ranges of variation, we simulated various transmission models with discrete expression to better understand the nature of the SEDA statistics for such variables. In addition, permutation procedures were employed to aid the interpretation of the SEDA results. These analyses suggest that corresponding homologous fingers on the left and right hands exhibit similar transmission characteristics. The relationship of the parent and child total ridge-counts of the two hands separately, as well as their combined total, virtually simulate complete Galtonian blending inheritance. Results for the individual digital ridge-counts as well as the pattern-intensity-index variable also suggest a multifactorial mode of transmission or possibly one involving several genes. PMID- 6666770 TI - Structured exploratory data analysis (SEDA) of finger ridge-count inheritance: II. Association arrays in parent-offspring and sib-sib pairs. AB - Familial similarity of the dermatoglyphic trait values of finger ridge-count scores and pattern intensity index is examined for 125 nuclear families from the Velanadu Brahmin population of Southern India by the method of association arrays. This methodology assesses parent-offspring and sibship similarity through a collection of measures of dependence that is sensitive to a variety of nonlinear trends and stochastic relationships between trait values. The method is used in conjunction with various weights to determine the relationship between family size and the level and form of dependence. These analyses reveal that siblings are most strongly associated for ridge-counts of the middle digit and less associated for the thumb and fifth digit ridge-counts. Further, sibship similarity for ridge-counts increases with family size for the thumb and fifth digit but remains relatively constant over all family sizes for the middle finger. Family size effects are also observed for total ridge-counts of the left hand, right hand, and both hands combined, and for the pattern intensity index. These effects of family size may be due to the most pronounced changes occurring in the amniotic environment between the first and second pregnancy, which are most strongly manifested in the sibship associations of smaller families. PMID- 6666771 TI - Electron microprobe analysis of elemental distribution in excavated human femurs. AB - Elemental distributions have been determined for femur cross sections of eight individuals from the Gibson and Ledders Woodland sites. The analyses were obtained by x-ray fluorescence with a scanning electron microscope. Movement of an element from soil to bone should give rise to inhomogeneous distributions within the bone. We found that the distributions of zinc, strontium, and lead are homogeneous throughout the femur. In contrast, iron, aluminum, potassium, and manganese show clear buildup along the outer surface of the femur and sometimes along the inner (endosteal) surface, as the result of postmortem enrichment. The buildup penetrates 10-400 micron into the femur. The major elements calcium and sodium show homogeneous distributions, but considerable material could be lost by leaching (10-15%) without causing a palpable effect on the electron maps. Magnesium shows buildup on the outer edge of some samples. These results suggest that diagenetic contamination may exclude Fe, Al, K, Mn, and probably Mg from use as indicators of ancient data. The homogeneous distributions of Zn, Sr, and Pb suggest that these elements are not altered appreciably and may serve as useful dietary indicators. PMID- 6666772 TI - Climate and the evolution of brachycephalization. AB - Significant associations of cranial shape for 82 ethnic groups and seven climate variables are described. Variation among current populations is partially attributed to cold adaptation throughout the Pleistocene. Application of data files tabulated by the authors is described for a number of problems. Temporal distribution of 115 specimens indicates a geometric trend (CI = 76.7-1.96 log time X 10(3) ). Cranial indices are summarized within alternative taxonomic models and between climatic ecotypes. Evidence supports the hypothesis of cold adaptation among "Classic" Neandertals. Limitations of the thermodynamic model are discussed. It is probable that a decrease of the cranial index occurs from the Middle to Upper Paleolithic. During the Holocene, the index increases under all climatic conditions. PMID- 6666773 TI - What are the objects of perceptual consciousness? AB - Four answers to the title question are critically reviewed. (a) The first answer proposes that we perceive our brain events, certain occurrences in our brain that appear to us as parts of the environment. (b) Gestalt psychology distinguishes the phenomenal from the physical and proposes that we always perceive some aspect of our own phenomenal world--which is isomorphic but not identical to certain of our brain events. (c) J. J. Gibson held that our perceptual experiences are registrations of properties of the external environment--which is, therefore, perceived directly (i.e., without experiencing anything else). (d) The fourth answer comprehends perceptual experience to be a qualitative form of noninferential awareness of the apparent properties of specific environmental things. It differs from Gibson's answer in several respects, including the claim that some aspect of the external world appears to us whenever we have perceptual experience. PMID- 6666774 TI - Objects in the path of apparent motion. AB - Experiments by several investigators suggest that forms between inducing stimuli for apparent motion may deflect motion from a straight path. In an experiment in which a binocularly viewed object was sometimes positioned between the inducing dots, we discovered that the degree of curvature of the path that is most likely to be reported depends upon the interstimulus interval whether or not the space between inducing dots contains an object. The interstimulus interval at which motion is most frequently reported is longer for curved paths of motion than for linear paths even though the spatial separation of inducing stimuli is held constant. The results suggest that apparent motion in depth is not based upon form. PMID- 6666775 TI - Development of hand-eye dominance in relation to verbal self-regulation of motor behavior. AB - The development of the relation between hand-eye dominance and verbal self control of motor behavior was examined with 4- and 5-year-olds. Performances of subjects falling into either crossed or consistent hand-eye dominance categories were compared on a two-choice button-pushing task. Children performed this with their dominant hand in one of two conditions: verbalizing and not verbalizing their button-pushing activity. Results showed that crossed hand-eye dominant children gave significantly poorer performances than consistent hand-eye dominant children and that the former used their self-instructions in a motoric manner. These findings were interpreted as supporting the view that the functions of cerebral hemispheres in children with crossed dominance are more immature than those in children with consistent dominance. PMID- 6666776 TI - Daughters' reactions to maternal depression. PMID- 6666777 TI - The genius of the dream. AB - In Act V of A Midsummer Night's Dream, Theseus and Hippolyta exchange views on the dreamlike adventures reported by the young lovers. Theseus dismisses their stories as fantasies of wish fulfillment, but Hippolyta points out that despite their strangeness, the tales reflect an adaptive change in the psychic reality of the lovers. The dramatic action of the play supports Hippolyta's view. The release of Demetrius from his transferential infatuation with Hermia comes at the moment of awakening from a dream in which he has matched his current feelings for Hermia with a repressed libidinal fantasy of childhood. This example of a correction dream illustrates how condensation in dreams functions adaptively in matching a new experience with previously stored representations of related events in the past. It also illustrates the ability of the matching process to go beyond the narrow logical categories of waking thought to reach deeper levels of experience otherwise inaccessible to the dreamer. This ability accounts for the important role played by dreaming in the creative process generally and in the day-to-day working-through process of psychoanalytic therapy. The adaptive function of dreaming is subject at many points to interference from the censorship mechanisms discovered and emphasized by Freud. A theory of dreaming combining these antagonistic processes is more consistent with the data of the sleep laboratory than the traditional psychoanalytic theory alone. It also provides a better fit with the introspective date more familiar to the analyst as illustrated by Freud's well-documented analysis of his own dreams. PMID- 6666779 TI - Analytic intimacy and the restoration of nurturance. AB - I have tried to distinguish between intimacy and nurturance in the adult psychoanalytic relationship. Intimate relatedness refers to a coparticipation in the relationship, with both parties presenting their experience and opening themselves to the other. A nurturant analytic relationship is characterized by a parent-child configuration in the analysis. The patient is often seen as not formed or not possessing a self and the analyst's task is to provide the sort of nurture that will help the patient develop a self. This can overlook whatever self the patient has developed and work counter to the formation of a solidified identity and a sense of autonomy. Crucial to the central thesis is the view that past deficiencies cannot be retrieved. The effort to make up for early deficiencies by providing a new parental experience is sometimes a defense against the hopelessness that patients can come to grips with their lives as they are. An intimate analytic inquiry can help patients see and accept who they are and where they have come from. Judicious use of the analyst's self can aid patients in relating intimately, recognizing in the process that they have a self that they, with the analyst's help, can integrate and put to more fruitful use. PMID- 6666778 TI - Sex differences and narcissistic disorders. PMID- 6666780 TI - Transference and countertransference in the light of developmental considerations. PMID- 6666781 TI - The Ring: Richard Wagner's dream of pre-oedipal destruction. PMID- 6666782 TI - A critique of criminology: toward an integrated structural-Marxist theory of delinquency production. PMID- 6666784 TI - [Measurement of intracranial pressure. Correlation between the pressures obtained using extradural and intraventricular sensors]. PMID- 6666783 TI - Distress and the traditional female role: a comparison of Mexicans and Anglos. PMID- 6666785 TI - [Ultrasonic cerebral tomosphygmography and cerebral perfusion pressure]. PMID- 6666786 TI - [Value of early auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials in monitoring brain stem functions in anesthesia and resuscitation (recording technics, normal responses: effect of anesthetics, central temperature, perfusion pressure and focal lesions on responses)]. PMID- 6666787 TI - [Monitoring arterial pressure]. PMID- 6666788 TI - [Intracranial pressure and morphine-like drugs]. PMID- 6666789 TI - [Systemic changes during the use of hormonal contraceptives]. PMID- 6666790 TI - [Clinical data on the use of current oral contraceptives]. PMID- 6666792 TI - [Rigevidon and Ovidon in the therapy of menstrual cycle disorders]. PMID- 6666793 TI - [Side effects of oral contraceptives]. PMID- 6666794 TI - [Immunodiagnosis of disorders in the hemostasis system from using an inert intrauterine device]. PMID- 6666791 TI - [Use of Ovidon, Rigevidon and Postinor for contraception]. PMID- 6666795 TI - [Current trends in the development of hormonal contraception]. PMID- 6666797 TI - [Patient immunity status in endometrial pathology in the postmenopausal period]. PMID- 6666796 TI - [Postcoital contraception]. PMID- 6666798 TI - [Hormonal balance of patients with precancerous endometrial processes in the postmenopausal period]. PMID- 6666799 TI - [New findings in the pathogenesis of the sclerocystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 6666800 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of gonadal dysgenesis]. PMID- 6666801 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of the adrenogenital syndrome in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6666802 TI - [Principles of treating endometriosis patients today]. PMID- 6666803 TI - [Effect of the lymphocytes of endometriosis patients on the growth of HeLa cell colonies]. PMID- 6666804 TI - [Endometriosis of the large intestine]. PMID- 6666805 TI - [Combined endometriosis and myoma of the corpus uteri]. PMID- 6666806 TI - [Clinico-pathogenetic parallels in the pelvic pain syndrome in women of reproductive age]. PMID- 6666807 TI - [Immunoglobulins in the cervical mucus in endocervicosis]. PMID- 6666808 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of vesico-uterine fistulae]. PMID- 6666809 TI - [Instrument for removing intrauterine contraceptives]. PMID- 6666810 TI - [Radioisotope study of the kidneys in puerperants who had nephropathies during pregnancy and suffer from chronic kidney diseases]. PMID- 6666811 TI - [Osmoregulatory function of the kidneys in pregnant women with nephropathies]. PMID- 6666812 TI - [Effectiveness of laser treatment of arterial hypotension in pregnancy]. PMID- 6666813 TI - [Risk factors in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6666814 TI - [Incomplete pregnancy]. PMID- 6666815 TI - [Clinico-immunologic studies in threatened abortion]. PMID- 6666816 TI - [Immunologic indicators in threatened abortion]. PMID- 6666817 TI - [Effects of laser-puncture therapy in threatened abortion on the hormone content of the blood]. PMID- 6666818 TI - [Characteristics of the course and management of pregnancy and labor in women at risk for abortion]. PMID- 6666819 TI - [Effects of pregnancy on serologic properties of erythrocytes]. PMID- 6666820 TI - [Effects of active orthostasis on the basic indicators of hemodynamics in healthy women at various periods of pregnancy]. PMID- 6666821 TI - [Use of gravitational plasmapheresis in Rhesus sensitization in pregnancy]. PMID- 6666822 TI - [Immunologic markers of viral hepatitis in pregnancy]. PMID- 6666823 TI - [State of the hemostasis system in pregnant women with mitral stenosis before and after mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 6666824 TI - [Clinico-ultrasonic aspects of the diagnosis of complications after induced abortion in the 1st trimester]. PMID- 6666825 TI - [Method of roentgenopelvimetry in clinical obstetrics]. PMID- 6666826 TI - [Diagnostic value of the roentgenopelvimetry method in patients after surgery of the hip joint]. PMID- 6666828 TI - [Immunochemical method in the diagnosis of early stages of pregnancy]. PMID- 6666827 TI - [Etiologic aspects of puerperal endometritis and its etiotropic treatment]. PMID- 6666829 TI - [State of the hemostasis system in patients with benign tumors of the uterus and adnexa uteri in pre- and postoperative periods]. PMID- 6666830 TI - [Amniotic fluid proteinogram in normal pregnancy and in late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 6666832 TI - Alaska's emergency medical services program. PMID- 6666831 TI - 192 iridium afterloading applicator for carcinoma of the nasopharynx. PMID- 6666833 TI - Ectopic pregnancy: a retrospective study at the Alaska Native Medical Center. PMID- 6666835 TI - The Expert Advisory Panel system in Alaska, an integral part of malpractice issues. PMID- 6666834 TI - Tumoral calcinosis--a preventable condition. PMID- 6666836 TI - Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia. A clinicopathologic study of 91 cases. AB - Ninety-one cases of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia were studied clinically and histologically. This peculiar benign process, occasionally resembling hemangiosarcoma, was subgrouped in the following categories: a pure form that occurs within a dilated vascular space (30 cases), a mixed form that appears as a focal change in a hemangioma (55 cases), a third form (six cases) that belongs to neither of the first two. In the pure form, the lesions were most frequently situated in the subcutis of fingers (14 cases), of the head and neck (seven cases), and in the region between the elbows and hands (six cases). In the mixed form, half of the accompanying hemangiomas were intramuscular in no particular predilective sites. Papillary proliferation of endothelial cells was commonly found to be closely associated with thrombotic material and seemed to be an unusual feature of a thrombus undergoing organization. PMID- 6666838 TI - On being a sensuous technician. PMID- 6666837 TI - New observations on the fine structure of lamellar ichthyosis and the effect of treatment with etretinate. AB - Light and electron microscopy were used to study specimens from four patients suffering from lamellar ichthyosis. Three of these patients had been treated with etretinate for 10 months. Biopsy specimens taken from the patients before treatment showed hyperkeratosis with focal parakeratosis, a thickened granular layer in which the cellular content of tonofibrils and keratohyalin was moderately diminished, and acanthosis with increased cellular activity. During treatment with etretinate there was moderate clinical improvement. The most conspicuous microscopic change was thinning of the cornified layer. The intercellular spaces of the epidermis showed increased amounts of fine and coarse granular substance. The number of keratinosomes was increased. Stimulation of Langerhans' cells was observed. Two new ultrastructural findings in lamellar ichthyosis were discovered. First, the marginal band of the cornified layer was absent in conventional glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide fixation. Second, the corneocytes contained electron-lucent crystals. The treatment with etretinate did not influence these structures. The mechanism of action of retinoids in lamellar ichthyosis is discussed. PMID- 6666839 TI - Is this malpractice or an error in judgment? PMID- 6666840 TI - An uncommon neoplasm of the oral mucosa. PMID- 6666841 TI - [Effects of halothane and enflurane on the microcirculation]. AB - The microcirculatory effects of halothane and enflurane were studied in a new experimental model before, during and after anaesthesia. It was only with complete volume substitution and a constant CVP during anaesthesia that blood cell velocity and capillary perfusion remained unchanged, whereas functional capillary density shifted the histogram of local pO2 to the right, i.e. towards increased pO2 values. Spontaneous arteriolar vasomotion was inhibited during anaesthesia with halothane and enflurane. The study also shows that homogeneous capillary perfusion and microcirculatory flow distribution during anaesthesia are closely related to normovolaemia and changes in CVP. PMID- 6666842 TI - [Comparative circulatory studies during implantation of total endoprostheses using methylmethacrylate and BDF cement]. AB - In every ten patients undergoing elective surgery for total hip prosthesis methylmethacrylate and BDF cement respectively were used for the implantation of the prosthesis. The results of the haemodynamic investigation demonstrate that improvement of the surgical procedure may reduce the incidence of haemodynamic parameters: After implantation of methylmethacrylate into the femoral shaft the arterial pressure decreased from 95.9 +/- 13 to 86 +/- 11 torr (P less than 0.05); the left ventricular stroke work index dropped from 49.9 +/- 5 to 42.1 +/- 7 g.m/m2 (P less than 0.01). While total peripheral resistance decreased slightly in the methylmethacrylate group, there was a small increase after implantation of BDF cement into the femoral shaft. In both groups, however we found a slight elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance after cement implantation into the femur. The determination of the serum concentration of the cement monomer did not yield any measurable serum concentrations. Heat production by polymerisation of BDF cement (maximum 45.8 +/- 6.5 Centigrade) was much less compared with the temperature which developed during the polymerisation of methylmethacrylate (maximum 63 +/- 16.4 Centigrade); therefore, the safety of clinical application seems to be greater with the new BDF cement. PMID- 6666843 TI - [Hemodynamic changes following the injection of lormetazepam under premedication and anesthesia conditions in coronary surgery patients]. AB - Lormetazepam, a new short-acting benzodiazepine, was studied in 30 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (10 patients before induction of anaesthesia, 8 patients before extracorporeal circulation, 12 patients during extracorporeal circulation). Before induction of anaesthesia lormetazepam caused only a small reduction in CI, heart rate and a moderate hypoventilation. During anaesthesia (fentanyl, pancuronium bromide, ventilation with N2O/O2 1: 1) there was a decrease in CI (26%), SI (18%), HR (5,7%), dp/dt (15%) and an increase in TSR (25%) and TPR (32%); Part, PAP, PCWP and PRA remained unchanged. There was a small decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption. During ECC lormetazepam increased the arterial perfusion pressure (20%); the priming volume of the oxygenator decreased by 48% at the same time, indicating venous pooling. PMID- 6666844 TI - [Effectiveness of a low-calorie diet in the postoperative period]. AB - The characteristic feature of post-aggression metabolism is the hormone-induced metabolic changeover from anabolism to catabolism. Typically, a disturbance of glucose utilisation, enhanced lipolysis and protein catabolism are particularly prominent, all of which lead us to expect restricted utilisation of ingested food substrates. With regard to this special aspect the authors investigated in a clinical study in 10 patients with gastrectomy whether a low-calorie diet could meet energy requirements while at the same time reducing the increased glucogenesis, lipogenesis and protein catabolism. The results show that blood glucose homoeostasis is maintained without exogenous insulin supply by a daily ingestion of 1 g./kg. body weight amino acids and 4 g./kg. body weight carbohydrates, and that at the same time catabolism can be markedly reduced and that there is also no hypercatabolic increase of urea in the serum or excessive formation of triglycerides. Hence, it is considered meaningful to prescribe during the postoperative stress phase a low-calorie diet with a sufficient supply of amino acids even in case of severe trauma. PMID- 6666845 TI - [Therapy of conventionally uncontrollable hyperhydration with hemofiltration]. AB - The authors report on three extracorporal methods for treating pulmonary hyperhydration which cannot be managed by drugs or respiratory measures. Of these three extracorporal treatment methods, mechanical haemofiltration (MHF) and pump driven haemofiltration or ultrafiltration (PHF and PUF, respectively) require complicated equipment which can be operated only by personnel well-trained in extracorporal treatment methods. On the other hand, the third method can be handled even in intensive-care wards not equipped with dialysis facilities and which are not able to operate on a mechanical basis: This method is represented by the technique of continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration (CAVH), utilising relatively low doses of heparin so that the method can also be employed on freshly operated patients and accident victims. Although all treatment facilities are available in the authors' hospital, the CAVH method is employed in specific cases, since it places least stress on circulation provided accurate balance of fluid turnover thus achieved is secured. PMID- 6666846 TI - [Disturbance of micturition, a harmless side effect of subdural regional anesthesia?]. AB - The authors report on a disturbance of micturition following spinal anaesthesia which due to improper treatment took two months to resolve. The neurological status showed failures which were due both to the anaesthesia (irritation of root in the S 4 and S 5 regions by the spinal needle and action of the local anaesthetic agent) and to the surgery of a relapsing inguinal hernia (irritation existed, we could not exclude the possibility that the primary disturbance of bladder emptying was due to the anaesthesia and not to the surgical procedure of a possible mental component. In any case, the long-term atony resulting from the basically harmless handicap - even requiring placement of a suprapubic bladder fistula - could have been avoided if the postsurgical treatment had been conducted properly and in accordance with good medical practice. PMID- 6666847 TI - [Secondary dislocation of a vena basilica catheter]. AB - An extreme dislocation of a central venous line inserted from the V. basilica dextra is reported, the catheter tip being displaced from the V. cava sup., which was the correct position, to the V. jugularis int. dext., thus covering a distance of 11.5 cm. The necessary of at least one additional X-ray after 24 hours to monitor the position of the catheter is emphasised, but daily X-ray control ist not necessary. PMID- 6666848 TI - [Prerequisites for carrying out ambulatory anesthesia procedures. Resolutions of the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care]. PMID- 6666849 TI - Synthesis of testosterone and 5 alpha-reduced androgens during initiation of spermatogenesis in the rat. AB - Numerous investigators demonstrated increased 5 alpha-reductase activity in testes of developing rats. The rapid in vitro metabolism of progesterone to 5 alpha-reduced androgens occurs at certain stages of testicular development. This was considered evidence for the conclusion that testosterone is primarily an intermediate rather than the final product in testes of immature rats. However, a discrepancy is noted when developmental patterns of circulating or intratesticular levels of androgens are compared with the patterns of accumulation of metabolites of progesterone in vitro. In blood and testicular tissue of 17-20 day old rats a testosterone peak has been reported, while in the in vitro studies such peak was not observed. In this study radiolabelled pregnenolone was utilized in vitro as a substrate, and a pattern of androgen formation similar to that observed in the in vivo studies was noted. A peak of androgen formation (testosterone and 5 alpha-androstanediol) was observed used prior to completion of the meiotic prophase. However, when testosterone was utilized as the substrate, no correlation between 5 alpha-reduction and completion of the meiotic prophase was detected. This suggests that the rise in testosterone may be associated with completion of the meiotic prophase. Investigation of the androgen metabolic pathways revealed the following age related patterns: no change in 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, activation of 5 alpha-reductase at 12 days of age, and activation of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase between 14 and 18 days of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6666850 TI - Testosterone in peripheral plasma, spermatic vein and in testicular tissue under basal conditions and after HCG-stimulation in patients with varicocele. AB - The incretory testicular function was tested in 21 patient with varicocele aged 19 to 39 years. In one group baseline testosterone was measured, while a second group received a single injection of 5000 IU HCG. Testosterone was studied in peripheral plasma in the spermatic vein and in testicular tissue. Baseline values after stimulation were not different from those of normal controls. Testosterone in the spermatic vein rose, and in testicular tissue was greatly increased after HCG. The data provide further evidence that Leydig cell function is normal in patients with varicocele. In varicocele spermatogenesis is not impaired by low intratesticular testosterone concentrations. PMID- 6666851 TI - Seminal plasma magnesium, calcium and inorganic phosphate concentration in normozoospermic and subfertile men. AB - The relationship of seminal plasma Mg, Ca and inorganic phosphate concentration to various parametres of seminal quality was evaluated in 41 normozoospermic and 102 dysspermic men with or without accessory gland infection. Ca concentration in asthenozoospermic and oligozoospermic patients was lower than in normozoospermic men and was positively correlated with Mg concentration irrespectively of seminal quality or the presence of infection. Mg concentration in normozoospermic or in oligozoospermic patients with infection was lower than in normozoospermic men without infection but higher in azoospermic men. Mg was negatively correlated to pH and both Mg and Ca concentrations were related to acid phosphatase levels. Inorganic P was higher in asthenozoospermic but lower in azoospermic patients than in normozoospermic men. In astheno-, oligo- and azoospermic men, P was positively correlated with fructose. In patients with accessory gland infection, successful treatment resulted in a significant concentration rise of all three elements. It is concluded that, from a diagnostic point of view, estimations of these elements, particularly of Mg and P, in seminal plasma reflect satisfactorily the functional capacity of the accessory glands of the genital system and the response to treatment in dysspermia associated with infection. PMID- 6666852 TI - [Hexosamine content of normal and pathological human sperm]. AB - Glucosamine and galactosamin were determined in 96 human ejaculates. The principal hexosamine of spermatozoa was galactosamin on the other hand glucosamin was the principal aminosugar of seminal plasma. The results were compared with the fertility parameters. Our results show no definity relation between the hexosamine concentration and the andrological conditions. PMID- 6666853 TI - Immunization with spermatozoal peptide antigens resulting in immuno-suppression of fertility rates in female rats. AB - Low molecular weight peptides have been isolated from the rat epididyml sperm surface using gel chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography. After coupling the partially purified peptides to rat albumin these were injected into female Wistar rats. Immunization with these spermatozoal peptides resulted in significantly reduced fertility rates as determined by the frequency of pregnancies and the number of fetuses per rat. The purification steps revealed that these rat spermatozoal peptides were comparable with peptides isolated form human ejaculated spermatozoa. It is therefore assumed that immunization with these antigens might induce sterility in humans. PMID- 6666854 TI - Relation between spermatozoa motility and pregnancies obtained during a twenty year follow-up period spermatozoa motility and fertility. AB - The clinical fertility of 1077 men with an infertility problem investigated with semen analysis including assessment of spermatozoa motility during the years 1950 52 was studied 20 years later using a questionnaire, replied by 785 (72.9%). Spermatozoa motility was assessed with a subjective method with four degrees- excellent, good, impaired and poor. There were significant correlations between better motility and number of living children (p less than 0.01) and to shortest time--interval to first pregnancy (p less than 0.001). Motility was not correlated to abortions and otherwise pathological pregnancies. With a poor motility there was still a fairly good chance of obtaining living children (32.7%) compared with 58.7% for an excellent motility), and it is therefore concluded, that assessment of spermatozoa motility is only suited for classification of slightly and modestly reduced male fertility, and not for classification of severely impaired fertility. PMID- 6666855 TI - Setting standards of male fertility I. Semen analyses in 1500 patients--a report. AB - Semen samples obtained from 1500 men requesting vasectomy were analysed. The data obtained were compared with the earlier reports. Two semen samples with an interval of fifteen days between the two samples with a continence period of 3 to 5 days, were analysed from each patient. The frequency distributions of fructose and citric acid estimated in the seminal plasma is also reported. Greater percentage of men with sperm counts 20 to 40 millions per ml and total sperm counts 100 to 200 millions per ejaculate were observed in the present series. About 13.8 percent of the total men studied had sperm counts below 20 millions per ml and total sperm counts below 100 millions per ejaculate were also seen in the present series. This changing pattern of fertility towards lowered levels of sperm counts needs careful consideration of other factors including hostile environmental influences. The levels of fructose and citric acid seem to increase with increase in sperm counts. Thus, it necessitates that along with routine established standards of fertility, every individual must be carefully analysed by an andrologist before asserting the fertility status of the individual. PMID- 6666856 TI - [Effect of heterologous seminal plasma on the improvement of the quality of the ejaculate]. AB - Seminal plasma from oligozoospermic ejaculates and ejaculates with high rate of pathological spermatozoa was substituted for seminal plasma from normal ejaculates in experiments carried out in order to improve the ejaculate quality. In these experiments the improvement of ejaculate quality could not be established. The progressive increase of 20% in the motility of spermatozoa was recorded, in 4 out of 7 ejaculates with hypokinetic motility of spermatozoa where plasma was substituted, while in one case the motility remained unchanged. When plasma from normal ejaculates was substituted for plasma from ejaculates of poorer quality, the intensity of the motility of spermatozoa decreased for 10-20% in 3 of cases while in 1 it remained unchanged. Deep freezing of ejaculates after seminal plasma was substituted did not gain satisfactory results except when cases of substitution for plasma from normal ejaculates were concerned. PMID- 6666857 TI - Modification of the slide agglutination test for the detection of sperm agglutinins. AB - We have modified the slide agglutination test (SAT) in order to make it available for the routine detection and titration of sperm agglutinins. Serum and seminal plasma samples of 156 subfertile patients were tested by the modified slide agglutination test (MSAT) in two trials. Fifteen per cent of serum and 7.5% of siminal plasma samples gave positive results and MSAT showed excellent reproducibility: a highly significant statistical correlation between the positive titres in the two determinations was observed. One hundred and ten samples were tested simultaneously by the MSAT and the tray agglutination test (TAT). The two tests showed a similar sensitivity with a significant statistical correlation between the positive titres. Using the MSAT the reading of results was easier and more precise. Therefore we propose the MSAT for the routine detection and titration of sperm-agglutinins. PMID- 6666858 TI - Histological study of the removed testes of patients after acute monolateral spermatic cord torsion. AB - Infertility is frequent in patients after spermatic cord torsion usually when the twisted testis is not removed and becomes atrophic. The mechanism seems to be autoimmune. To see if the atrophic testis may be the source of antigens we carefully examined the histology of atrophic testis of 6 patients. The two patients that had spermatic cord torsion more than 3 years before surgical removal did not show recognizable testicular structures while the other patients that had spermatic cord torsion less than 1 year still showed some spermatogonia in the tubules and some spermatozoa in the epididymis. We think that the surgical removal of the atrophic testis after more than 1 year from the acute episode is of doubtful utility for preventing or blocking the autoimmune phenomenon because testicular antigens are absent and the autoimmune mechanism is able to maintain itself. PMID- 6666860 TI - The medical treatment of male infertility. AB - Mesterolone, HCG and PMS, clomiphene and various other drugs were administered to 236 subfertile patients with disturbed spermatogenesis. Most of the patients received mesterolone. The effects of the various therapeutic regimes are discussed. Improvement of the sperm count and spermatozoal motility was more frequent after mesterolone treatment than after HCG and PMS or after clomiphene. 14 wives of patients in the mesterolone group became pregnant and gave birth to normal children. There were two pregnancies in the gonadotropin group and 3 in the clomiphene group. Specific treatment of the few patients with varicocele or epididymitis led to improved findings in the spermiogram. PMID- 6666859 TI - [Disorders of sexual potency]. AB - "Impotence" means the inability to have a normal coitus. Usually it is erectile dysfunction or inhibition of orgastic control. As many men are incapable of speaking openly about these problems and hope that the cause of their sexual dysfunctions is of organic origin. Therefore such reasons are offered with preference. The doctor has to separate the patient's account from the actual facts and the results of the physical examination as it is the practice with every other disease. A combination of somatic und psychotherapeutical treatment may thus be successful. PMID- 6666861 TI - Distribution of testosterone in plasma proteins during replacement therapy with testosterone enanthate in patients suffering from hypogonadism. AB - In five hypogonadal men treated with 250 mg of testosterone enanthate once every three weeks, total testosterone, "free" testosterone and the percent of testosterone bound to the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin were determined during three weeks. Immediately after the injection total plasma testosterone rapidly increased about four times the starting level closely paralleled by the concentration of "free" testosterone. We found that if the concentration of SHBG had been reached albumin took over the surplus of the testosterone. Whereas in the first and second week after the injection, high and sufficient levels of testosterone were determined, both total and "free" testosterone approached the lower limit of the normal male range in the third week, i.d. 300 ng/dl, or 5 ng/dl, respectively. In one patient with hypalbuminemia, "free" testosterone decreased during the third week below 3 ng/dl though his total testosterone remained sufficient high. This patient complained about symptoms of androgen deficiency. We explained this with his impaired capacity to bind the excess of testosterone by albumin. We concluded that though the concentration of total testosterone may be sufficient high, "free" testosterone can decrease to very low levels due to disturbance in the distribution of the androgen between the plasma proteins. PMID- 6666862 TI - Bromocriptine induced hypoprolactinemia and accessory reproductive glands response to testosterone in castrated male rats. AB - Testosterone stimulates the Accessory Reproductive Glands (ARG) and may increase the serum titres of prolactin in castrated male rats. Bromocriptine antagonizes the testosterone-induced alteration of ARG responses; the testosterone antagonistic action of bromocriptine depends on the degree of serum prolactin depletion. PMID- 6666863 TI - Pentoxifylline treatment of asthenozoospermia. AB - Nine asthenozoospermic men were treated by 1.200 mg/day of pentoxifylline for a period of 2 to 5 months. There was a good response from five patients and the wives of two of these patients became pregnant soon after the last spermatogram was done. PMID- 6666864 TI - Results of treatment with tamoxifen in oligozoospermic men. AB - 15 men, aged 32-42, with normo- and hypogonadotropic oligozoospermia were treated with the non-steroidal compound tamoxifen. The therapeutic period lasted for 6 month and tamoxifen was administered orally in a daily dose of 2 X 10 mg. The seminal and hormonal parameters were evaluated. A significant increase in sperm density was only found in responders. The compound showed no effect in men having a hypergonadotropic stage. The changes in endocrine parameters as levels of plasma testosterone, estradiol and gonadotropins were similarly affected in "responders" and "non-responders". Treatment with tamoxifen revealed no side effects regarding sexual behaviour, development of gynecomastia or nipple pains. PMID- 6666865 TI - Imipramine for the treatment of sterility in patients following retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. AB - The major long-term morbidity following retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is sterility resulting from sacrifice of the thoracolumbar chain or the hypogastric plexus during dissection of the iliac vessels at the bifurcation. Seven males who were devoid of sperm emission and ejaculation as a result of this kind of operation for testicular cancer were treated with imipramine 25 mg t.i.d. In 2 of the patients, antegrade ejaculation appeared during treatment with this drug. We feel that this success rate of 2 out of 7 calls for further studies, as the problem of these young men was considered hopeless until recently. PMID- 6666866 TI - Infertility caused by retrograde ejaculation: a successfully treated case. AB - In a case of retrograde ejaculation a pregnancy was obtained by direct intra uterine insemination of urine-recovered spermatozoa mixed with the wife's cervical mucus. PMID- 6666867 TI - [The importance of sperm quality for in vitro fertilization--results of studies in human systems and zona pellucida-free hamster cell system]. AB - In this report the minimum requirements for ejaculates to be used for in vitro fertilization of human oocytes are defined. Based on the experimental results obtained a total concentration of at least 5 X 10(6) spermatozoa per ml are required, with at least 30% of the sperm showing normal motility and normal morphology in the differential spermio-cytogram. The total volume of the ejaculate should not be less than 1 ml. Samples for insemination of human oocytes must be proven to be free of pathological microorganisms. In more than 40% of the cases examined bacteria concentrations of more than 10(5)/ml were detected during routine bacteriological check-ups. Especially enterococci und mycoplasma were frequently found. To further establish the quality of human spermatozoa, 91 ejaculate probes were tested within the hamster system using zona-free oocytes. A statistically significant correlation between sperm quality and the penetration rates of human spermatozoa into zona-free hamster oocytes was shown. A positive effect on penetration rates was observed after addition of L-ascorbic acid and Douglas-aspirate to the incubation medium. Rates increased 12 and 17%, respectively. Addition of kallikrein showed no effect on the penetration rates. Application of ejaculates with high concentrations of leucocytes for insemination of hamster oocytes resulted in clearly reduced penetration rates. Leucocyte concentrations of more than 10% led to penetration rates of 0%. The same reduction was observed when ejaculates with high concentrations of pathological micro-organisms (more than 10(5)/ml) were tested. After addition of sperm antibody containing sera from female sterility patients to the incubation medium also clear reduction of penetration rates was evident depending on: the antibody concentration, the initial motility of the spermatozoa used, and on the level of the primary penetration rate obtained without addition of antiserum. PMID- 6666868 TI - Vas deferens aplasia: clinical and anatomical features of 90 cases. AB - Out of 531 patients with excretory azoospermia, scrotal exploration for attempted epididymo-vasostomy showed vas aplasia in 90 of them (= 17%). In the latter group complete bilateral agenesis of the vas was seen in 64 cases while the remaining showed partial vas aplasia or different findings on both sides. The anatomical findings were classified into various groups of frequency. The typical peroperative picture included extensive paraepididymal bodies of fat, venous conglomerations at the place of missing epididymal structures and frequent Morgagni's hydatides and spermatoceles. Preoperative palpation and surgical findings did not correlate. Laboratory examination of the ejaculate showed volume and fructose values below the norm in the majority of cases. Electron- and light microscopy showed dissolution of spermatozoa and sperm-phagocytosis within the dilated epididymal canal as well as within the bordering tissue. Since laboratory and physical examinations are misleading in some cases with vas aplasia surgical exploration is necessary. A cup-shaped Silicone-Dacron reservoir was implanted upon the remaining epididymal structures in 16 men with vas aplasia, but insemination of the aspirated material in their wives did not lead to any lasting pregnancy. In other centers 3 conceptions and normal births were obtained by this method. PMID- 6666869 TI - [Test of the vitality and infectiousness of the beef tapeworm (Cysticercus bovis)]. AB - The vitality and infectiosity of Cysticercus bovis can be determined by means of a relatively simple in vitro method. Mobility and evagination are 2 parameters for estimating vitality as well as infectiosity. The mobility-evagination relationship (MER) is an excellent basis for investigating the mobility over 20 h, because 2 parameters are involved. Of special interest was the fact that the first part of MER (after 1 h) is the period for the short-time-test (control of vitality), and the second part of MER (after 18 to 20 h) is the period for the long-time-test (control of infectiosity). Mobility and evagination of metacestodes were tested in activator solution (100 ml physiological saline + 6 ml fresh swine bile) at a temperature of 38 degrees C and a pH of 7.0. This in vitro method may be useful in determining the vitality of fresh and older Cysticercus bovis and of those exposed to smoking. PMID- 6666870 TI - [What is Paramphistomum cervi?]. AB - It is proved histologically that lacking of tegumented papillae in Paramphistomum cervi is based on the alteration of the tegument furnished with papillae in the normal state. The differences in the dorsal extension of the vitellaria, in the histological structure of the genital opening complex and in other features, used by Eduardo (1982) for the division of P. cervi into 3 species, are refuted as not existing. Therefore the forms P. leydeni, P. scotiae and P. hiberniae remain well established synonyms of P. cervi. PMID- 6666871 TI - [Information on Culex torrentium and C. territans (Diptera, Cilicidae)]. AB - Larvae of Culex torrentium were found in Leipzig in the reed of a little permanent water and in a trough of artificial stone. Data on siphonal indices and on types of breeding waters have been arranged in a table. A list with the hitherto existing breeding places in the GDR has been provided. There are altogether 11 places in 10 regions of 7 districts. Culex territans was found at 6 places in 7 regions of the district of Leipzig. PMID- 6666872 TI - [Practical value of the selective precipitation of LDL, LDL-phospholipids and the molar ratio of cholesterol to LDL-phospholipids in lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency]. AB - There is a high morbidity from hepato-biliary disease in France. These diseases are often accompanied by a reduction in serum lecithin-cholesterol-acyl transferase activity, which is difficult and costly to diagnose in the laboratory. Thanks to a simple and inexpensive method of selective precipitation of light lipoproteins, we have been able to establish the practical value of the determination of the LDL-phospholipids and the molar cholesterol ratio on the phospholipids in the LDL (MCPR) in familial or secondary deficiencies of Lecithin Cholesterol-Acyl-Transferase. These conditions are characterized by a high proportion of serum phospholipids transported by the LDL (more than 60%) and by the marked reduction in the cholesterol ratio of the phospholipids in the LDL. The authors propose a classification for the commonest causes of lecithin cholesterol-acyl-transferase deficiency. PMID- 6666873 TI - [Adaptation of IgG, IgA, and IgM determination on the Isamat: a turbidimetric method]. AB - We have adapted the turbidimetric assay of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM to a transfer analyser: Isamat. This reaction takes place in the presence of PEG and the reading is made at 340 nm. The repeatability and reproducibility are satisfactory with a variation coefficient of 2.9% to 7.2%. The correlation with the kinetic method (ICS Beckman) is excellent for IgG and IgA and good for IgM. The protocol established enables eleven assays of three different proteins in one hour. The reduced requirement for pure antiserum and the low sample volume (5 to 10 microliters) make this turbidimetric technique useful in pediatrics. PMID- 6666875 TI - [Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol on immunoglobulin M in toxoplasmosis and rubella]. AB - 2 mercapto-ethanol (2 M-E) can be used to demonstrate IgM immunoglobulins to both toxoplasmosis and to measles, but while the action of this reagent is easily confirmed in the course of agglutination reactions with toxoplasma, it is only straightforward in certain circumstances in the course of the inhibition of haemagglutination reaction with measles virus. The agglutination reaction is very sensitive for this group of immunoglobulins: the depolymerization of toxoplasmosis IgM by 2 M-E is well demonstrated in total serum. The inhibition of haemagglutination reaction is sensitive for IgM and IgG, but the much higher concentration of IgG often masks the immunological activity of the IgM; the depolymerization of measles IgM by 2 M-E is only barely demonstrated on the IgM fraction. The use of 2 M-E is also a valuable means of confirming the fractionation obtained by filtration chromatography. PMID- 6666874 TI - [Determination of erythrocyte sorbitol]. AB - An increase in the intra-cellular concentrations of sorbitol can be responsible, at least in part, for certain long term complications of diabetes. Since the erythrocyte concentration of this polyol is a good indicator of that of other cells, we propose a simple, rapid enzymatic assay technique for red blood cells. The results already obtained reveal a significant difference between the erythrocyte sorbitol concentration in non-diabetic subjects and that in diabetic patients. PMID- 6666876 TI - [Determination of reference values of plasma oncotic pressure by the Wescor Cop Oncometer]. AB - The authors studied the standard values for plasma oncotic pressure in 216 blood donors. They compared the oncotic pressure in terms of sex and whether a serum or plasma sample was used. They also studied the stability of the oncotic pressure over a 24 hour period. PMID- 6666877 TI - Use of alumina, organic solvent or ion-exchange columns to purify samples for determination of catecholamines in urine. AB - We present two methods for the determination of free adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine by liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. The catecholamines are isolated from the urine sample either by organic solvent purification by ion-exchange column and followed in both cases by adsorption onto alumina. Analytical recoveries and CV of both methods are investigated. Many chromatograms of catecholamines in urine are presented. PMID- 6666878 TI - [Microassay of plasma isoniazid by high performance liquid chromatography]. AB - The authors propose a technique for the assay of isoniazid (INH) using inverted phase high performance liquid chromatography. The plasma INH is condensed with cinnamic aldehyde after deproteinization with trichloracetic acid. The authors confirmed the absence of interference with other anti-tuberculous drugs. The technique is very fast and simple to perform. PMID- 6666879 TI - [Parasitologic study of feces: simultaneous performance of Faust's, Janecko Urbanyi's and Ritchie's concentration technics]. AB - The authors propose the simultaneous use of Faust's, Janeckso-Urbanyi's and Ritchie's techniques according to a protocol which combines the effectiveness of the three techniques, with a saving in reagents, a significant simplification of the manipulations (a single dilution of the stools, a single straining and a total of three centrifugations) and the possibility of conducting valid comparative studies, as the three techniques are performed from the same faecal aqueous suspension. PMID- 6666880 TI - [New bacteriologic aspects in infectious pathology]. AB - Bacterial infectious pathology presents a series of new features which have been elucidated over the last few decades. These new aspects are derived from various factors: a development of our state of knowledge, a change in the ecology of a number of bacteria and a change in the receptiveness of patients. Modern infectious pathology is characterized by one particular feature: it is more and more difficult to define the limits between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria; the role played by the host is of utmost importance. PMID- 6666881 TI - [Aspects of the interrelationship between the infected host and the pathogenic agent]. AB - The severity of an infection is related to the disequilibrium in the complex relationship between the infected host and the pathogenic agent. The bacterial factors include the size of the inoculum, the pathogenicity and particular virulence of certain strains which, because of their antigenic structures (capsular antigen, lipopolysaccharide, exotoxins), may escape the bactericidal defence mechanisms of the serum, phagocytosis and intracellular bacterial destruction. The principal host factor, which also determines the prognosis of the infection, is the subject's immune status which can be affected in its non specific elements (complement system) and in its specific elements (humoral and cellular immunity). Thus, in the normal host, only extremely virulent bacteria are capable of causing severe infections, while in the immunodepressed patient, even non-pathogenic organisms which are usually commensual are capable of being invasive. PMID- 6666882 TI - [Legionella infections]. AB - The authors review the bacteriological features of Legionella infections, their clinical symptoms and the methods of diagnosis. They stress the unusual ecological features of Legionella which generally lives in natural water reservoirs or in artificial reservoirs (drinking water piping, air conditioning). In the clinical situation, current emphasis is on the extrapulmonary infections whose pathogenesis has not yet been fully explained. The incidence and prevalence of Legionella in pneumonia still needs to be defined. The methods of bacteriological and serological diagnosis are described as well as the ways of interpreting the results. PMID- 6666883 TI - [Genetic approach to the virulence of bacteria]. AB - Bacteria only possess a single chromosome, but they also contain prophages, plasmids and transposons. The genetic basis for the pathogenic power of invasive and toxigenic bacteria only represents a small part of the total genotype of these bacteria. It is curious that although the plasmids and the prophages only represent about 1 p. cent of the total genome, they are disproportionately responsible for carrying the genetic information concerning virulence. The genetic study of virulence has revealed new mechanisms of pathogenic activity, for example the interaction of siderophores, adherence factors and haemolysins in pathogenic activity. Furthermore, the understanding of the genetic basis of virulence will lead to new methods of diagnosis and a new generation of vaccines. PMID- 6666884 TI - [Determination of serum iron by the method selected by the French Society of Clinical Biology: study of deproteinization methods]. PMID- 6666885 TI - Dividing work, sharing work, and in-between: marriage patterns and depression. PMID- 6666886 TI - [Neonatal findings in children of drug-addicted mothers]. AB - A group of 13 babies born to heroin-addict mothers has been studied in our Department during the last three years. Authors have recorded clinical features like neonatal abstinence syndrome, malformations, intrauterine growth, maternal age, gestational duration and delivery. They discuss different types of malformations and withdrawal symptoms, and make a comparative study with normal newborns of our hospital. PMID- 6666887 TI - [Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis. 1 year's case review]. AB - This paper reports the incidence of Campylobacter jejuni isolation (19,21%) among 229 samples of diarrheal stools examined during a period of 12 months and which corresponded to children whose ages were between 1 and 18 months. Campylobacter gastroenteritis is more common than salmonella gastroenteritis. A peak incidence was observed in the first year of life. The various clinical aspects of the infection are examined: Diarrhea was the most frequent symptom (100%) with macroscopic blood in stools in 25% of the cases. Some epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are commented upon. Clinical course with or without antibiotic treatment was favorable. Microbiological search of Campylobacter must be carried out as a routine in every child that presents diarrheal symptomatology. PMID- 6666888 TI - [Intracranial arachnoid cysts in children. Review of 34 cases]. AB - Clinical, radiological, and therapeutical aspects of 34 cases of childhood intracranial arachnoid cysts are reviewed. Two thirds (23) were located supratentorially, the remaining 11 had an infratentorial localization. Of the first group 15 were situated at the sylvian region, 6 were hemispherical and 2 suprasellar. Clinical manifestations were present before 6 months of age in 68% of all the cases. Macrocephaly and focal seizures were the most common clinical findings. Skull X-Ray examination was helpful only when cysts were located at sylvian region. CT Brain Scan was positive in all cases (32) in which it was performed, dynamic studies with Metrizamide were necessary in 6 cases and arteriography in 4 cases to definitively prove the diagnosis. Surgical approach (removal of cysts or cyst/ventriculo-peritoneal shunting) was undertaken in 20 cases, with unequal results. Authors comment on possible etiopathogenic factors, indications for use of dynamic studies with Metrizamide and rational guide for surgical therapy on these patients. PMID- 6666889 TI - [Differences between fatty acids of the linoleic series (n-6) and linolenic (n-3) in erythrocyte phospholipids in newborn and premature infants]. AB - Percentage of fatty acids in phospholipids of red cell membranes from cord blood of 13 full-term and 11 premature infants is studied. Percentage of 22:5n6, final metabolite of n6 series, was significantly diminished in premature infants, whereas the percentage of arachidonic acid was significantly increased in the same group. The possibility that an enzymatic abnormality be present in desaturation from 22:4n6 to 22:5n6 is speculated, as well as of its physiologic implications. PMID- 6666890 TI - [Acute renal failure in perinatal asphyxia]. AB - Patients with perinatal asphyxia from a total population of 15,216 births were studied prospectively. A total of 76 newborn infants achieved the criteria for inclusion. These were distributed in three populations: 53 (73%) without acute renal failure (ARF); 17 (22%) with ARF of prerenal type; 6, (8%) with ARF of renal type. Incidence of several perinatal factors were compared (gestational age, birth weight, meconial amniotic fluid, cord and/or placental disturbances, type of delivery, APGAR Score, and resuscitation). Authors observed that in the group of preterm infants, ARF is present, always was of renal type. In the population with ARF of renal type perinatal asphyxia was clinically worse: greatest frequency of meconial amniotic fluid (p less than 0,025) and worse response to resuscitation with a lower increment in the APGAR Score between one and five minutes (p less than 0.005). PMID- 6666891 TI - [Lipid study of different types of maternal milk]. AB - Fatty acid composition of different lipidic fractions was studied in 42 samples of human milk corresponding to: colostrum 10, mature milk 10, milk from mothers of preterm infants with adequate weight for gestational age 10, milk from mothers or low-birth-weight infants 6 and milk inducing prolonged jaundice 6. Findings have been compared with previous data of literature. Nutritional and physiologic implications are discussed. PMID- 6666892 TI - [The importance of pediatrics in obtaining oral health in the child]. AB - The disease which has most prevalence in Spanish school population is dental caries. The children's buccal health decay is as much important as to generate pathology at a local, proximal or general level, alterating his growth and development. Throughout this work, the importance of the problem is reviewed, and the way pediatrician's participation in prevention of this disease, leading to reductions of more than 50% of these lesions, is explained. PMID- 6666893 TI - [Treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder without radical surgery]. AB - Authors present two cases of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder treated previously to surgery with chemotherapy (protocol T-2) and radiation therapy. In one of these patients surgery consisted only in a partial cystectomy, and in the other only a few biopsies were taken from the most suspicious zones, and these were all negative. Three years and four months after diagnosis and 15 months after completion of treatment, both children are alive and free of detectable disease. PMID- 6666894 TI - [Pulmonary sequestration. Apropos of 10 cases]. AB - Pulmonary sequestration is a congenital anomaly in which an aberrant systemic artery arising from the thoracic or abdominal aorta supplies part of the lung, usually the lower lobes. The sequestrates part of the lung may be anatomically included in the substance of the lobe (intralobar) or may be separate from the other lobes, being contained within its own pleural investment (extralobar). The cases of ten patients with sequestration of the lung seen during a seven-year period are reviewed, with special consideration of their clinical and radiographic findings. Emphasis is made on the differences of our cases with those of the literature: 1) Eighty per cent of the patients had previous symptoms; 2) The intra/extralobar ratio was 1.5/1; 3) All intralobar sequestrations were indifferently localized in left or right lower lobes, and 4) Associated anomalies were present with the same incidence in the two classic forms. PMID- 6666895 TI - [Cerebral abscess. Conservative treatment in infants]. PMID- 6666896 TI - [Harlequin fetus with kidney abnormalities]. PMID- 6666897 TI - [What is hidden behind lethal midline granuloma?]. PMID- 6666898 TI - [Anticipation of surgical results in calcified aortic stenosis as a function of age]. AB - The effects of age on the risks and results of heart valve replacement are often discussed in aortic stenosis, a degenerative condition of elderly patients. We assessed this factor in a study based on two groups of patients operated consecutively between 1968 and 1980. Group A comprised 127 patients of over 65 years of age (range 66 to 79 years, mean 70 +/- 3 years), and Group B: 259 patients of less than 65 years of age (21 to 65 years, mean 53 +/- 9 years). Preoperative assessment showed a higher proportion of women and significantly more severe lesions in Group A: a greater number of patients in functional class 3 or 4, cases of congestive cardiac failure, greater cardiac volumes, lower cardiac index. The incidence of coronary artery disease was also higher. A greater number of aortic valve bioprostheses was used in Group A. Operative mortality was significantly higher in Group A (15 p. 100, compared to 6 p. 100 in Group B: p less than 0.01). The influence of age was independent of other risk factors as shown by a multifactorial analysis taking several prognostic factors into account simultaneously. Long term survival was significantly lower in Group A, but their life expectancy did not differ from that of a control group. The causes of postoperative or late death were the same in both groups. At the end of the 6th year, 66 p. 100 of the survivors of surgery in Group A were in functional classes I or II compared to 77 p. 100 in Group B (NS). These results justify this type of surgery in elderly patients, even at advanced stages of their disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6666899 TI - [Psychiatric emergencies in childhood and adolescence]. AB - The referrals for urgent psychiatric treatment were studied systematically to improve our understanding of the acute forms of psychological distress in children and adolescents and the crisis situations which disrupt the usual relationships between the child and his family. During the last 12 months, 212 requests for urgent psychiatric opinion in children under 18 years of age were received. The following points were analyzed: --general: age, sex, geographical distribution of the patients and their families, present family conditions, socio economic class, origin of the urgent referral; --psychological or psychopathological: presenting symptoms, organisation of the personality of the child or adolescent, previous psychological or psychiatric history; --practical: the emergency management, ulterior orientation. The authors conclude with some remarks on the possible lines of action in the emergency situations. PMID- 6666901 TI - [Posologic equivalents of oral L-thyroxine in thyroid insufficiency (120 cases)]. AB - The effects of two successive courses of thyroid replacement therapy in the same patients can be compared by measuring plasma hormone levels at the steady state. This method was used to assess the effects of the two forms of oral L-thyroxine, the one in liquid drops 5 micrograms/drop and the other in 50 and 100 micrograms tablets, and to compare these preparations with other forms of thyroid replacement therapy: DL T4, LT3 + LT4 and thyroid extract. The bioequivalence of these drugs was determined by the logarithmic difference of the plasma TSH during successive treatment periods. In addition, this factor could be assessed by the ratios of circulating T4 to T3 when the two treatment periods were identical. One 100 micrograms tablet of L-thyroxine was equivalent to 20 drops of L-thyroxine (100 micrograms), i.e. the bioavailability of the two preparations was identical. This dose was equivalent to three drops of DL thyroxine (i.e. 100 micrograms of L thyroxine): the D-thyroxine did not have any demonstrable hormonal properties. The same dose was equivalent to about 3/4 of a tablet of LT3 + LT4, and to about 12 cg of thyroid extract. Individual stabilisation with L-thyroxine in cases of peripheral thyroid deficiency was based on basal TSH levels and TSH levels after injection of TRH when the basal TSH was normalised. The plasma T3 and T4 levels could also be used for optimal equilibrium with L-thyroxine; the first should be within the normal range and the second in the normal or mildly hyperthyroid range. The optimal adult dose of L-thyroxine in this study was variable (115 +/- 40 micrograms/day). In young children, especially babies, the effective dose with respect to body weight, is much greater. PMID- 6666900 TI - [Bacterial septicemia in neutropenia patients]. AB - Two hundred bacterial septicemia occurring in neutropenic patients (PMN less than 1,000 microliter) were analyzed. Most of these patients had hematologic malignancies. The underlying disease, the degree of neutropenia the association of septic focus with the bacteremia, the responsive microorganisms and their evolution during hospitalization were studied as prognosis factors. The overall mortality was 32.5 p. 100. The mortality was higher in patients whose granulocyte count was lower than 500 microliter. The occurrence of major septic focus (pulmonary, perineal infection, diarrhea with abdominal distension, ORL, or cutaneous extensive focus) during bacteremia was a highly significant factor of bad prognosis. The mortality of bacteremias with and without major septic focus was respectively 62 p. 100 and 15 p. 100. A study of the distribution of the bacterias was performed in terms of mortality and duration of hospitalization. "Escherichia coli" and gram positive cocci were predominant during the two first days and mortality was then low. After that time, others Gram-negative bacterias appeared, especially "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" and the mortality was increasing until the twentieth day. Therefore, the authors raise the opportunity of antibiotic therapy according to the duration between the beginning of the hospitalization and the occurrence of sepsis in neutropenic patients. The role of the extensive use of a curative antibiotic association using colistine and nalidixic acid between 1974 and 1976 is discussed in the emergence of more gram positive cocci bacteremias between 1976 and 1978 than between 1974 and 1976 in the same intensive care unit. PMID- 6666902 TI - [Anemia caused by acanthocytosis in the cirrhotic patient: diagnosis and prognostic significance. 3 cases]. AB - The authors report the cases of 3 patients with severe alcoholic cirrhosis and spur cell anemia. The spur cell anemia must be suspected when there is haemolytic anemia, highly macrocytic with normal serum level of cholesterol and without fatty liver. The cytologic confirmation is difficult even with a phase contrast microscope. The evolution did not exceed 7 and 8 months in 2 cases; the third patient is still alive but quite sick after 1.5 year. These data lead us to point out the difficulty of the diagnosis by routine light microscopy and to remind the poor prognosis after the spur cell anemia is discovered, as documented in the literature. PMID- 6666903 TI - [Aneurysm of the subclavian artery: an unusual cause of mediastinal pseudotumor]. AB - A 62 year old woman presenting with dyspnoea was found to have a large right superior mediastinal opacity compressing neighbouring anatomical structures: trachea, esophagus and superior vena cava. Thoracic ultrasonography suggested a liquid mass which was non-pulsatile. At surgery, however, this was found to be a subclavian artery aneurysm, a diagnosis confirmed by arteriography. The lesion was opened and vascular continuity reestablished by prosthetic grafting. Only five other cases appear to have been reported. The clinical, radiological and etiological aspects are discussed. PMID- 6666904 TI - [Erasmus syndrome in a dental technician. Importance of the prevention of occupational hazards]. AB - A case of generalised scleroderma is reported in a dental technician exposed to the risk of silicosis. A study of the occupational toxic risks in this patient showed pulmonary overload with silica and metallic particles composed of chromium, cobalt and tungsten. The job also involved the handling of vinyl chloride and its stable polymer. This chemical is known to give rise to scleroderma-type skin disease. The relationship between these occupational factors leads to a difficult physio-pathological problem and justifies preventative measures, even though they may be costly and demanding. PMID- 6666905 TI - [Infectious hepatitis, acute hemolysis and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]. AB - A case of viral hepatitis with hemolytic crisis is an Algerian boy presenting a G 6-P-D deficiency is reported. Hemolysis in G-6-P-D deficient individuals may be precipitated by some viral infection particularly viral hepatitis. During the course of this disease, the destruction of erythrocytes may be explained by an accumulation of metabolites capable of oxidizing hemoglobin SH groups, in the same way as a direct viral perturbation of the red cells glycolytic ways. The two mechanisms do not permit the normal reduction of oxidized hemoglobin. Though, these two diseases are very usual in some countries, this case in uncommon and must be well known. PMID- 6666907 TI - [Lofgren's syndrome]. PMID- 6666906 TI - [Anatomo-clinical conference. Hopital de la Pitie-Salpetriere. Case No. 7 - 1983. Severe electrolyte disorders, consciousness disorders and tetraplegia]. PMID- 6666908 TI - [Major thrombopenia induced by heparin treatment. Apropos of 8 cases]. AB - Major thrombocytopenia occupies a special place among the complications of anticoagulant therapy. Based on a series of 8 personal cases, the authors describe the clinical, biological and physiopathological features of this thrombocytopenia. It occurs in 0.5 to 1 p. 100 of patients on heparin. This figure may not be accurate and thrombocytopenia during heparin therapy occurs almost exclusively in venous thromboembolic disease which it complicated in 4 p. 100 of treated cases. It is detected around the 8th day (between the 4th and 10th day) of treatment and is characterised by thromboembolic events (2 arterial embolisms, 2 pulmonary embolisms, 1 cutaneous necrosis, 1 disseminated intravascular coagulation). Cutaneo-mucous purpura was observed in 1 case. The last two cases in this series were asymptomatic. The thrombocytopenia is peripheral (on average 36,000/mm3) and isolated without any deficiency of the factors of coagulation, except in the case of disseminated intravascular coagulation. A platelet aggregant factor was demonstrated in the plasma of these patients by a thrombo-agglutination technique. This disappeared two months after stopping the heparin. The withdrawal of heparin and relay with oral anticoagulant drugs was associated with a normalisation of the platelet count within 1 to 5 days. Physiopathologically, the high molecular weight fractions of heparin are responsible for this immuno-allergic reaction which leads to the fabrication of a heparin-dependent anti-platelet antibody. PMID- 6666910 TI - [Rheumatoid polyarthritis with Gougerot-Sjogren's syndrome, pulmonary pseudolymphoma and digestive lymphoma. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of the Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome with rheumatoid arthritis, of particular interest because of lymphocytic proliferation. This was initially confined to the broncho-pulmonary tissues with histological appearances of pseudo-lymphoma, a diagnosis supported by clinical regression with immunosuppressive drugs, over a 5 years period. This difficult diagnosis needs histological, biochemical and clinical confirmation and, the very existence of this entity is debatable. The occurrence of a malignant lymphoma of the small intestine in the same patient a few years later is an argument in favour of the hypothesis that the pseudo-lymphoma was an intermediary pre-malignant stage of B lymphocytic proliferation. PMID- 6666909 TI - [Plasma and urinary antithrombin III in the nephrotic syndrome in adults]. AB - The occurrence of thromboembolism in nephrotic syndrome has been recently correlated with acquired antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency (and this raised the question of the prevention and treatment of thromboembolism with heparin). We studied AT III levels in plasma and urine in 39 adults with nephrotic syndrome. Three patients have had thromboembolic manifestations (before treatment with heparin). Their albuminemia was less than 18 g/l, their plasmatic AT III levels were normal and one had an elevated urine AT III level. Plasmatic AT III levels and albuminemia were positively correlated (r = 0.34; p less than 0.05) but AT III levels remained in the normal range being moderately diminished in only 3 patients never less than 70 p. 100. There was no correlation between plasmatic AT III level and proteinuria or urinary AT III levels. We conclude that the risk of thromboembolism in adults with nephrotic syndrome is not correlated with plasmatic AT III levels. This suggests that heparin therapy would be effective in preventing thromboembolism in this disorder. Indeed, no such episodes were seen in our patients under heparin. PMID- 6666911 TI - [Subthalamic tuberculoma disclosed by hemiballism. Efficacy of antituberculous treatment]. AB - The authors report a case of a 33 years old Moroccan in whom a left hemiballism has revealed a tuberculoma in the right sub-thalamic region. After a year of trial anti-tuberculosis treatment, the hemiballism had almost totally disappeared and the scan picture was significantly reduced. This case unique in its hemiballism etiology, gives way for discussing the present diagnosis as far as intra-cerebral tuberculomas are concerned. Also, this diagnosis is made difficult when one does not have the information of an active visceral tuberculosis. Nevertheless, it is important to have a scan made in order to be able to see the actual picture and particularly to follow the trial anti-tuberculosis treatment. PMID- 6666912 TI - [Secreting parathyroid carcinoma. Apropos of a case]. AB - Parathyroid carcinoma is rare and hits diagnosis often difficult. A case is reported, remarkable by the age of the patient (17 years), and the main peculiarities of the disease are reviewed: frequency of complete bone syndrome, palpable tumour of the neck, calcemia more than 140 mg/l, occurrence of recurrent palsy; relapsing course, death being dependent on hypercalcemia rather than metastasis; median survival time about five years, non influenced by chemotherapy. Ultrastructural study, previously realized in about thirty cases, is specially evaluated: it seems able to concur on anatomopathologic diagnosis, when assertion of malignancy is difficult. PMID- 6666913 TI - [Arterial hypertension with secondary hyperaldosteronism, reversible by nifedipine, in systemic scleroderma]. AB - A case of severe hypertension with secondary hyperaldosteronism developing in a 71 year old woman affected by "Crest" syndrome is reported. The patient was treated by nifedipine, which led to the correction of blood pressure, plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone. The role of renal arteries vasospasm and renin-angiotension system in the genesis of scleroderma is discussed. PMID- 6666914 TI - [Events in the lives of 120 chronic alcoholics. Preliminary study]. AB - We have applied, with necessary modifications, life-events methodology, to the study of nature and temporal distribution of life-events occurring in 120 chronic alcoholics. Total number and distribution of life events undergo some variations with age, sex, ethnic group and socio-professional level in chronic alcoholics. We have specially analysed the temporal curve of life events before, during and after the year of beginning alcohol abuse. Frequency of life events dramatically rises during this year and remains abnormally high in the five following years. These data have some meaning for pathogenesis and behavioral consequences of chronic alcoholism. PMID- 6666915 TI - [Acute psychoses and mood disorders in Parkinson disease. Role of antiparkinson therapy]. AB - L-DOPA has progressively replaced atropinic substances in the treatment of the Parkinson's disease but its superiority is not evident in all domains. The same as these substances, it can occasion a secondary psychical pathology essentially presented by affective disorders and psychotic phenomena. The proposed study lays on the comparison between two parkinsonian groups, one undergoing a dopaminergic treatment the other one not. The hallucinary and confusing properties and to a lesser degree the depressive properties of L-DOPA are correlated to risk factors amongst which the average advanced age of the patients has the greatest place. PMID- 6666916 TI - [Establishment of a sectorized psychiatric reception unit in a general hospital]. PMID- 6666917 TI - [Fragile X chromosome and autistic mental retardation. Apropos of 23 cases]. PMID- 6666918 TI - [Clinical aspects and compensation for pathological mourning after sudden death in the surviving spouse or parents]. PMID- 6666919 TI - [Work of the so-called phantom in the unconscious and psychosomatics. Apropos of psoriasis]. AB - The theory of "ghost" in the heart of the unconscious relates the precocious psychic legacy of mental misfunctioning through the unconscious to unconscious relationship with a relative inhabited by a mourning that has not been worked through. These misfunctionings can express themselves thanks to various psychopathological demonstrations, but through psychosomatical illnesses as well. As shown by the authors in some cases of psoriasis: determinism that could associate--a genetical predisposition of the future patient,--a notion of family or personal history having to do with events such as burns, fire. PMID- 6666921 TI - [Psychomotor activity and diagnosis in geriatric psychiatry]. AB - The question of the relationship between motor behaviour and psychopathology has been of concern to clinicians for many years. This question appears in the history of diseases as different from each other as general paralysis, hysteria, schizophrenia and mental retardation. The questions raised were the source of the development of a symptomatology of motor behaviours--the domain of which is not muscular potential or praxic abilities (action capacities) as much as their actual use in observed action (action "realization"). This symptomatology implies an interpersonal dimension, which translates itself into bodily postures, gestures, changes of position, movements from one place to another and the manner in which the patient accomplishes actions. An analysis of their organization and their diachronic unfolding enables one to grasp and understand more effectively certain psychic states, and to act on them. This clinical approach leads to greater specificity in the area of geriatric psychiatry. Here, diagnosis is not an entity which encompasses the totality of the symptoms which identify a disease, but as knowledge necessary to engage in a therapeutic program. Such an approach takes into account the disease, the patient and his environment, and thereby validates an original approach to the study of motor behaviours in geriatric psychiatry. PMID- 6666920 TI - [Parkinson's disease and mental deterioration. Apropos of 30 cases]. AB - The influence of Parkinson illness on intellectual faculties is appreciated in different ways. The existence of a real parkinson dementia is contested by some who see in the intellectual impoverishment of these patients a simple decline in efficiency. This is often partial and linked to neurological consequences which are not always taken into account by psychometric tests. 30 parkinson patients are beeing examined in this light. In spite of the small number, quite clear tendencies are apparent and which confirm the possible existence of these two types of phenomena, one beeing dementia and the other simply weakness without authentic senility. Risk factors are also isolated which emphasize age and accidents due to L-Dopa intolerance. PMID- 6666922 TI - [A severe case of obsessional psychoneurosis treated with behavior therapy, then narcoanalysis]. PMID- 6666923 TI - [Cutaneous signs and symptoms of X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata in man and mouse]. AB - X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata is a human gene defect characterized by stippled epiphyses, cataracts and cutaneous lesions distributed in a linear and blotchy pattern. The skin lesions include congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, systematized atrophoderma mainly involving the hair follicles, and circumscribed alopecia. Similar cutaneous anomalies are described in the murine X linked mutant bare-patches. Moreover, we found similar skeletal and ocular anomalies in this mouse, supporting the assumption that the underlying gene defects are homologous in man and mouse. PMID- 6666924 TI - [French Guiana "papillonite" (lepidopterism). Clinical and epidemiological study]. AB - Clinical studies by Dr R. Pradinaud (Cayenne) has given prominence to the symptoms of "papillonite": its primary and secondary cutaneous lesions, their localisation and evolution as well as its accompanying symptoms such as respiratory pathology. Epidemiologic survey shows a parallelism between the occurrence of papillonite and the presence of the moth Hylesia urticans. The urticant apparatus of this moth was studied with the scanning electron microscope. "Arrow" (flechettes) were found and they more or less resemble the urticant apparatus of Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff caterpillar. The mechanism of action has been studied in the animal and in humans. Extracts prepared from the "arrows" have been rested in vivo guinea-pigs (bleu Evans, Liacopoulos et al.). The findings seem to incriminate an histamino-liberation. PMID- 6666925 TI - [Generalized eruptive histiocytoma. Apropos of a case. Review of the literature]. AB - About one case of generalized eruptive histiocytoma (G.E.H.) (the second French case) and about thirteen others cases mentioned in literature, the authors remind the clinical, histological, immuno-histochemical and evolutive aspects of this misunderstanding disease, described by Winkelmann in 1963. After having classed it, in the group of nodular, non X, non lipidique, benign histiocytosis, they expose the imprecision of this nosological limits of the G.E.H., in comparison to the bordering diseases. At last, they insist upon the fact that the few number of cases published up to this time, the lack of stand back and the casual transformation into a multicentric reticulo-histiocytosis must induce to watchfulness by requiring for each patient affected by G. E. H. and for a long time, a regular, clinical, radiological and hematological supervision. PMID- 6666926 TI - [The Yellow-nails syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases. Review of the literature]. AB - The authors report 2 cases of yellow nails. These cases have evolved these last years, producing clinical aspects that reflect a typical association between the pulmonary and/or sinus reactions and the yellow nails. The authors discuss the scarce typical to the yellow nails syndrome and the different associations reported in the literature. The physiopathology is not known but many hypothesis have been discussed. PMID- 6666927 TI - [Serological cardiolipid development of early syphilis treated with a single injection of benzathine-penicillin of 2,400,000 I.U]. AB - For one year, the authors have observed the clinical and biological development of early syphilis on 205 patients infected between 1971 and 1979 and treated by a single injection of Benzathine-Penicilline of 2,400,000 U.I. The serological negativeness has been obtained in the proportions as follow: - 91,43 p. 100 of primary syphilis (blood test positive), - 88,57 p. 100 of secondary syphilis, - 67,69 p. 100 of latent syphilis. These results compared to those obtained by other more time-consuming and expensive methods, can be considered as satisfactory. PMID- 6666928 TI - [Late cutaneous porphyria and keratoconjunctivitis]. PMID- 6666929 TI - [Lymphomatoid papulosis in a child. 10-year follow-up]. PMID- 6666930 TI - [Oral lichen planus. Treatment with aromatic retinoids]. PMID- 6666931 TI - [Still's disease in an adult, caused by a Yersinia enterocolitica infection]. PMID- 6666932 TI - [Etretinate in a case of benign familial pemphigus]. PMID- 6666933 TI - [Formation of dermo-epidermal hyperplasia in psoriasis]. AB - Formation of hyperplastic dermal papillae in psoriasis was studied by radioautography after incorporation of tritiated thymidine, by planimetry and by scanning electron microscopy. At the border zone of a psoriatic plaque, hyperplastic dermal papillae result from a passive lengthening of dermal papillae. At the center of a psoriatic plaque, papillomatosis represents an active remodelling of the papillary dermis with destructions and neoformation of the basement membrane zone. The origin of these remodellings is presumably mechanical and related to forces exerted by the epidermis. PMID- 6666934 TI - [Wells' syndrome or eosinophilic cellulitis. Apropos of 2 cases. Review of the literature]. AB - In 1971, four cases of a new dermatosis were described by Wells, under the name of recurrent granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia. In 1978, eight additional cases were reported by Wells and Smith and three authors suggested a shorter title: eosinophilic cellulitis for this syndrome. Since then, four additional cases were published in the literature. We report here two additional cases. From these eighteen upto now published cases, there is no doubt that this dermatosis, as initially described by Wells, is a distinct entity. Clinical course is characterized by sudden eruption of large infiltrated, itchy and/or painful plaques. Blisters are often associated. During the two or three weeks following the initial rash, the inflammatory aspect disappears. Lesions become indurated, and may resemble morphea. Spontaneous resolution occurs after about six weeks. Recurrences are constantly observed. Histologic features are a striking eosinophilic infiltrate associated with eosinophilic deposits constituting flame figures. Blood eosinophilia is present in most cases. Etiology of this entity remains unknown. PMID- 6666935 TI - [Mediterranean boutonneuse fever. Apropos of 154 recent cases]. AB - The Mediterranean spotted fever is always present in the south of France. The actual incidence is unknown. The disease appears in summer. The diagnostic is based on the association of fever, "black spot" and exanthema and/or a seroconversion. Indirect immunofluorescence is the most used technique. Some patients have severe complications: neurologic, cardiovascular, renal, thrombopenia. These cases look like Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. The treatment is based on tetracycline. PMID- 6666936 TI - [Superficial pemphigus in children. Induction by amoxicillin?]. PMID- 6666937 TI - [Pseudo-Bowen dermatosis with unclassifiable clear epidermal cells]. PMID- 6666938 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities of hereditary diseases in dermatology]. AB - Several years ago the therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of inherited skin disorders were rather restricted; recently new possibilities have been developed and successfully applied. The author discusses the indications for a surgical procedure in basal cell nevus syndrome and the satisfying results revealed by dermabrasion in sebaceous adenoma of Pringle. The use of a low phenylalanine and tyrosine diet in case of palmoplantar keratosis with tyrosinemia is of theoretical as well as practical interest. However, a most striking therapeutic success is obtained by the treatment with drugs. The substitution of zinc in acrodermatitis enteropathica is very effective and not expensive! The positive effect of phenytoin in epidermolysis bullosa cicatricans is based on the partial inhibition of collagenase activity by this drug. Finally the author discusses the advantages of a treatment with retinoids in different hereditary keratinization disorders. PMID- 6666939 TI - [Darier's atypical tuberculous ulcer]. PMID- 6666940 TI - [Child abuse victims: cutaneous manifestations, clinical diagnosis, practical management]. PMID- 6666942 TI - [Education of dermatologists]. PMID- 6666941 TI - [Kinetics of lesions in geographic tongue]. PMID- 6666943 TI - [Cellular kinetics in nonbullous ichthyosiforme erythroderma]. AB - An in vitro double labeling technique with 3H-Tdr has been used to study the cell renewal in three cases of lamellar ichthyosis. Each case was characterized by a rapid rate of cell proliferation as it occurs in psoriasis. But, in contrast to psoriasis, lamellar ichthyosis has no increased proportion of germinative cells and exhibits prominent granular layer. Horny layer at light microscopy is mainly orthokeratotic. This indicates that increased mitotic activity alone cannot account for the typical acanthosis of psoriasis. PMID- 6666944 TI - [Celiac disease. Current understanding of its physiopathology]. PMID- 6666945 TI - [Current status of mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 6666946 TI - [Results obtained with 211 newborn infants below or equal to 1,500 g admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit]. PMID- 6666947 TI - [The asthma crisis. Study of intrathoracic pressure. Correlation with data on mechanical ventilation and hemodynamics]. PMID- 6666948 TI - [Tumor of the heart in newborn infants. Surgical treatment and results. Apropos of 8 cases]. PMID- 6666949 TI - [Staphylococcal Lyell's syndrome in varicella. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6666950 TI - [Cohen syndrome in 2 sisters]. PMID- 6666951 TI - [Place of medical treatment of brain abscess in children. Apropos of 3 cases in Tunisia]. PMID- 6666952 TI - [Atypical pulmonary sequestration in a child with Williams-Beuren syndrome]. PMID- 6666953 TI - [Hypoplasia of the triangular muscle of the lips and uropathy. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6666954 TI - [Treatment of hypothyroidism in children with levothyroxine (tablets)]. PMID- 6666955 TI - [Intestinal lymphangiectasis in a child with congenital hemihypertrophy]. PMID- 6666956 TI - [Antipyretic effect of an oral solution of paracetamol in children]. PMID- 6666957 TI - [Health policy and primary care in Peru]. PMID- 6666958 TI - Subtotal parotidectomy in the treatment of chronic sialadenitis. AB - Chronic recurrent parotitis can be disabling, and often requires surgery for its resolution. Twenty-one patients with chronic sialadenitis treated by subtotal parotidectomy were studied. Two patients developed transient and one significant postoperative recurrent parotitis, and two patients had salivary fistulas. There were no instances of permanent facial nerve weakness. Parotidectomy in patients with severe chronic sialadenitis risks injury to the facial nerve. When the nerve is indistinguishable from surrounding scar, subtotal parotidectomy would appear to be preferable to total parotidectomy in select patients. Total parotidectomy is the procedure of choice for elimination of chronic sialadenitis when it can be performed with minimal risk to the facial nerve. PMID- 6666959 TI - Simultaneous bilateral staged groin flaps for coverage of mutilating injuries of the hand. AB - In the massively injured hand when both volar and dorsal surfaces are traumatized, the options for coverage are limited. Simultaneous bilateral groin flaps have been used in 2 patients for reconstruction of soft tissue defects with acceptable results. This is a reliable method of cover that is easily performed with minimal donor site morbidity. PMID- 6666960 TI - Management of failed total hip arthroplasty with muscle flaps. AB - In the small percentage of deep wound infections complicating total hip arthroplasty and recalcitrant to conventional forms of treatment, muscle flaps with or without a cutaneous unit can offer a satisfactory solution. Seven patients (4 male, 3 female) with failed total hip arthroplasty and multimicrobial infection were treated with a rectus femoris or vastus lateralis flap or with combined muscle transposition flaps. The patients had had from 6 to 25 surgical procedures after the failed total hip arthroplasty and before the muscle flap. The mean duration of the postsurgical hospital stay after the muscle flap procedure was thirty-one days. The mean follow-up was thirty months. Two postoperative complications occurred, one of which required partial debridement of the transposed muscle. All patients had healed wounds at follow-up. All patients were weight bearing at follow-up; 3 had been unable to bear weight before the operation. No patient showed incapacity related to the muscle transposition procedure. PMID- 6666961 TI - Anterior cranial fossa tumors. AB - The anterior cranial fossa may be invaded by malignant or nonmalignant tumors arising in the orbit, orbital contents, nose, nasopharynx, or frontal, ethmoid, or sphenoid sinuses. Skin and maxillary tumors can also spread to the skull base. One must be aware of this and assess the situation with the neurosurgeon, and use coronal and axial CAT scans. The approach is intracranial and extracranial, with total en bloc tumor resection under frozen section control. In nonmalignant tumors immediate reconstruction is performed; in malignant tumors, especially recurrent ones, the reconstruction is delayed twelve to eighteen months to lessen the chances of later recurrences. With this approach, recurrences have been few and survival rates excellent, even in advanced recurrent lesions. PMID- 6666962 TI - Frontonasal encephalocele--"long nose hypertelorism". AB - Two varieties of frontonasal encephalocele are presented, with variations in the surgical technique necessitated by the different anatomical findings. The encephalocele pushes the nasal skeleton posteriorly and caudally and widens the distance between the medial orbital walls. This causes the long nose and the telecanthus. In this variety of frontonasal encephalocele, hypertelorism is uncommon. There may be absence of dura in relation to the encephalocele. The suggested method of correcting the deformity involves a combined intracranial and extracranial approach. The nasal skeleton is mobilized and placed in its correct position and the telecanthus is corrected. All skull defects are bone grafted. Correcting the deformity at an early age is recommended. PMID- 6666963 TI - Use of omental transposition flaps for soft-tissue reconstruction. AB - Thirty-five patients with difficult wound problems underwent 35 reconstructive procedures using transposed greater omentum. The ages of the 28 female and 7 male patients ranged from 16 to 75 years, with an average of 50.5. At the time of omental transposition, 22 patients (63%) had evidence of radiation necrosis complicating their wounds, 24 (69%) had documented infections of their wounds before treatment, 30 (86%) had defects as a direct result of cancer, and 11 (31%) had recurrent carcinoma. The average duration of the defects, which were in the chest or abdominal wall, extremities, or pelvic floor, was 31.7 months. Small secondary revision procedures were occasionally required; however, the omentum remained the final solution to the problem for 26 (74%) of the 35 patients. PMID- 6666964 TI - Reconstruction of nonhealing perineal wounds with gracilis muscle flaps. AB - As a method of treating nonhealing wounds of the perineum, usually after proctectomy, use of the gracilis muscle(s) with or without cutaneous attachment has been a successful alternative. Experience with 14 patients, presented here, resulted in healed wounds in all but one. PMID- 6666965 TI - The gluteus maximus musculocutaneous V-Y advancement flap for large sacral defects. AB - Sacral soft tissue defects from 10 to 18 cm in diameter were closed with gluteus maximus musculocutaneous V-Y advancement flaps in 17 patients. Defects were secondary to pressure, radiation injury, or tumor resection and occurred in both ambulatory and nonambulatory patients. Technique varied according to the size of the ulcer and the ambulatory status. This musculocutaneous unit advanced in a V-Y fashion provides well-vascularized tissue for coverage of large sacral defects. It allows for restoration of normal contour, with primary closure of the donor site. Ambulatory patients noticed little or no functional deficit. PMID- 6666966 TI - Upper-extremity free skin flap transfer: results and utility as compared with conventional distant pedicle skin flaps. AB - A group of patients who underwent free skin or muscle flap transfer to the upper extremity are compared with a similar group who were treated by a conventional distant pedicle skin flap. The most frequent indications for using a free flap technique were the presence of an exoskeletal fixation apparatus at the recipient site which precluded a more conventional procedure, or the desire to obtain an innervated flap for sensibility. The free flap group generally had more massive defects. In this group, the mean initial surgical time was 5.37 hours and total cost was $7,692. An average of 1.58 general anesthetics was required, and the mean postoperative hospitalization was 13.08 days. In the conventional distant pedicle flap group, mean initial surgical time was 2.76 hours and total cost was $6,849. An average of 2.54 general anesthetics was required and mean postoperative hospitalization was 19.15 days. All cases had a successful outcome, although the complication rate was slightly higher in the free flap group. Overall, the economic advantage was slightly weighted toward the conventional pedicle flap group, although hospitalization time was longer. Therefore, for the management of soft tissue defects in the upper extremity requiring pedicle flap coverage, a free flap should probably be chosen only for specific indications and special circumstances. PMID- 6666968 TI - Nasal bone grafting using split skull grafts. AB - The nose has been reconstructed with bone grafts, cartilage, and silicone. Each of these methods has disadvantages, but the bone graft is most trouble free. It is possible to take a split skull graft with a high speed drill and an osteotome. The position of the graft site on the skull determines its shape. This can be tailored to the desired nasal contour. Several grafts may be used to build up the nasal dorsum further. This method has been used in patients suffering from acute trauma and deformities resulting from previous trauma, rhinoplasty, congenital anomalies, and after cancer resection. Apart from 1 scalp wound infection, there have been no complications in 24 cases. The degree of bone graft resorption has been minimal, and the level of patient satisfaction has been high. PMID- 6666969 TI - Subcutaneous mastectomy: current state of the art. AB - Subcutaneous mastectomy, although widely performed, is still considered by some to be controversial. Appropriate indications for the procedure and alternatives, as well as points of technique, complications, and secondary surgery are presented. The incidence of cancer to date in a large number of patients has been extremely low (less than 0.5%). It is the opinion of the author that under the appropriate circumstances the procedure is a good one, offering the promise in most instances of a satisfactory to excellent result. PMID- 6666967 TI - The skull as a bone graft donor site. AB - Three techniques are described for obtaining bone grafts from the skull for the correction of craniofacial defects. The advantages over the traditional methods of obtaining bone grafts are discussed. A total of 64 patients have undergone reconstruction of deformities and defects resulting from congenital anomalies, acute trauma, sequelae of trauma, tumor resection, and radiotherapy. Apart from 1 case of wound infection, there have been no functional or cosmetic problems. PMID- 6666970 TI - Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: review of the literature and report of three cases. AB - Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of malignant cutaneous neoplasm found in man. Rarely, however, is it life-threatening or does it metastasize. A review of the literature revealed 138 cases of metastatic basal cell carcinoma. We describe 3 additional patients with metastatic basal cell carcinoma who were treated at the Mayo Clinic during the past ten years. Patients with metatypical carcinoma (basosquamous) were excluded. All metastatic lesions were to regional lymph nodes, and two patients died of their disease. It is important to recognize this rare but lethal condition. PMID- 6666971 TI - Designing the latissimus dorsi free flap for knee coverage. AB - Several techniques have been described for coverage of the exposed knee joint using local soft tissue and muscle. Occasionally, because of multiple previous procedures or the extent of the defect, local tissue is inadequate. In these situations the latissimus dorsi free flap is useful. The most acceptable recipient vessels comprise the superficial femoral system, but they are at a significant distance from the knee. This distance is bridged by designing the flap as a paddle with a narrow strip of proximal muscle in continuity with the thoracodorsal vessels. Placing the skin island eccentrically allows the muscle to be folded on itself and packed into the bony defect. PMID- 6666972 TI - [Value of intravenous arterio-nephro-urotomography in the evaluation of renal injuries]. PMID- 6666973 TI - [Angiographic study, by the venous route, of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 6666974 TI - [Spontaneous dissection of a renal artery]. PMID- 6666975 TI - [Radiology of spontaneous pneumothorax in young patients. Apropos of 200 cases]. PMID- 6666976 TI - [Role of echography in the diagnosis of 5 hydatid cysts of the heart]. PMID- 6666977 TI - Bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of Legg-Calve Perthes' disease. PMID- 6666978 TI - Bone scintigraphy in children: benign tumors. PMID- 6666979 TI - Bone scintigraphy in children: trauma. PMID- 6666980 TI - X ray and bone scintigraphy: when are they complimentary? PMID- 6666981 TI - [Fluoride osteopathy induced by niflumic acid]. PMID- 6666982 TI - [Congenital spondylolisthesis of the 6th cervical vertebra. Apropos of a pediatric case with a review of the literature]. PMID- 6666983 TI - [Natural development of old heart valve disease]. AB - The authors report the natural history of 36 patients with end-stage valvular disease defined by the presence of a functional stage IV and/or a 0.60 and/or dilatation of the LA 90 mm and/or dilatation of the LV 70 mm and/or increase in the systolic PAP 80 mmHg and/or a decrease in the EF of 0.45. 11 patients are alive with a mean survival of 36.8 months (30.5%) and 25 have died after a mean interval of 7.8 months. The prognosis is very poor for aortic valvular disease (14 deaths out of 16 cases), but there were only 3 deaths out of 10 patients with isolated mitral valve disease. PMID- 6666985 TI - [Criteria of operability for advanced valvular diseases]. AB - Despite the advances made in cardiac surgery, there are still some cases of valvular disease which remain inoperable, i.e. patients who present an operative risk which is too high in relation to the natural history of the disease. A study of the literature does not enable us to define objective clinical or investigational parameters of inoperability, but only factors of poor prognosis. Although there does not appear to be any cardiac contra-indications to valve replacement in cases of advanced valvular disease, the authors stress the importance of the patients general condition which determines the post-operative prognosis and the need for a better definition of the criteria of poor prognosis so that surgery can be performed before it is too late. PMID- 6666984 TI - [Contribution of surgery in advanced valvular diseases]. AB - Technical advances and progress in resuscitation over the last ten years have led to an appreciable improvement in the surgical results of valve replacements. However, it appears that the decision to operate is sometimes difficult in cases of advanced valvular disease. A study of the literature and our own experience lead us believe that despite a significant peri-operative mortality, surgical treatment remains the best form of treatment for these types of valvular disease, whether aortic, mitral or multivalvular. Surgery ensures a longer survival of better quality than does medical treatment. A better understanding of the natural history of valvular disease should enable us to refer those patients to surgeons who will benefit most from a valve replacement. PMID- 6666987 TI - [Syncope and fainting in patients with a cardiac pacemaker]. AB - When a patient with a cardiac pacemaker presents with syncope or faintness, one's first thought should be failure of the pacemaker. If the abnormality is not apparent, the patient needs a full cardiological investigation, including "active" electrocardiographic recordings: magnet test, programming, or even Holter monitor should be performed in order to exclude the responsibility of the pacemaker. Modern pacemakers can fail and cause syncope, especially if they have been inadequately or incorrectly regulated. The so-called physiological (double chamber) pacemakers can induce dangerous arrhythmias. Programming of the pacemaker can avoid further operation and can relieve the syncope: acceleration to prevent twisting of the apex, increase in the power of the impulses to eliminate the defects in stimulation due, for example, to a rise in the threshold. The syncope may also be caused by an extracardiac cause: associated pathology or useless implantation; the simplicity of implantation techniques sometimes means that pacemakers are implanted in inappropriate cases. PMID- 6666986 TI - [Outcome of patients undergoing open-heart surgery for congenital heart disease in early childhood]. AB - Corrective surgery for congenital heart disease is performed on progressively younger children in order to restore normal haemodynamics during infancy and to avoid the disadvantages of palliative operations. The authors consider the long term outcome of children who have been operated for complete transposition of the great vessels--by physiological correction or by anatomical correction--for tetralogy of Fallot, interventricular communication, atrio-ventricular channel and aortic stenosis. The sequelae and complications of these various operations are reviewed and the authors stress, in particular, the risk of delayed arrhythmias and disturbances of ventricular function. The risk of delayed complications justifies long-term follow-up of all these patients, even those who are leading a normal life, i.e. the majority of them. PMID- 6666989 TI - The role of cimetidine in promoting infection after gastric surgery: primary or secondary effect? PMID- 6666988 TI - [Effect of intravenous flecainide in the treatment of acute ventricular arrhythmia]. PMID- 6666990 TI - External fixation of the wrist. Current indications and technique. AB - Based on a clinical material of over 100 cases treated between 1977 and 1982, indications and technique of external fixation of the wrist are reviewed. The basic indication is the comminuted intra-articular fracture of the distal radius. Due to the versatility of the fixateur used, indications have been extended for stabilization of complex carpal dislocations and combined injuries of the forearm and hand. Complications and pitfalls of the method are briefly discussed. PMID- 6666992 TI - External fixation of pelvic fracture ex vivo. AB - Cranial dislocations of the fractured hemipelvis is the most difficult component to reduce and control by external fixation. The stabilizing effect of several external frames was studied using a cadaver pelvis. Single frames, double frames, trapezoid frames and double trapezoid frames were mounted in three pin units on each anterior iliac crest. Successively increasing the number of transverse connecting rods increased the stability of the construction. Wiring of the symphysis had the same effect, when constructions with one or two transverse rods were used. Double fixation sites of the pin units in the anterior pelvis added only marginally to the stability. The highest rigidity was achieved using a circumferential frame with pin units in both anterior and posterior iliac crests. PMID- 6666991 TI - Pitfalls in the management of open fractures with Hoffmann external fixation. AB - There have been many improvements made in external fixation, and fixators are being applied with renewed enthusiasm. Inspite of advances in design and application, complications related to the treatment of open fractures are still frequent. Although external fixation has dramatically improved the treatment of open fractures and made possible the salvage of previously amputated limbs, it is a complex technique with many pitfalls. These problems fall into two broad categories: those related to the application and maintenance of the pins and frame on one hand, and those related to the management of soft tissue and bony injuries on the other. PMID- 6666994 TI - The role of auscultation and registration of bowel sounds in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. AB - The study described was designed to evaluate the role of auscultation and registration of bowel sounds in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. In 37 patients with suspected acute appendicitis undergoing appendicectomy the bowel sounds were registered twice pre-operatively and once on the postoperative day. The results show that single registration of bowel sounds is rarely diagnostic, but repeated examinations with the method used in this study might provide an additional factor to reaching a diagnosis. However, the results are difficult to apply directly to the clinical situation, and further evaluation of this method, as well as an improvement of the technical equipment used, is essential. PMID- 6666993 TI - Colorectal cancer obstruction: a challenge to improve prognosis. AB - Probable factors contributing to the prognosis in 91 colorectal cancer obstructions operated on as emergencies were compared with 555 nonobstructive patients undergoing elective surgery in the same period, 1966-1975. The obstructive patients were older than the elective ones, with a statistically significant difference in the age range 80 years and older. Obstructive lesions were mainly located in the left hemicolon (56%). Although the sigmoid was the most frequent site, only lesions at the splenic flexure occurred more frequently than in patients without obstruction. Lesions in the right hemicolon were predominant in obstructive patients younger than 50 years. The overall 5-year survival for patients with obstructions was 21% but only 8% in those younger than 50 years. The corresponding figures for elective patients were 44% and 53%, respectively. The poorer overall prognosis in the obstruction group was mainly due to a higher postoperative mortality (15.4% vs. 4.7%) and a higher incidence of advanced cancer (stage C + D; 67% vs. 50%). Advanced disease was especially predominant in patients below the age of 50 years. However, this group had no operative mortality. A one-stage operation was performed only for obstructive lesions in the right hemicolon where it was the main (54%) procedure. Obstruction due to cancer in the left hemicolon were managed by Hartmann's procedure and a staged operation with almost equal frequency in 80% of the patients. Crude survival figures favour the staged operation. Obstructive lesions in the left hemicolon had a considerably better 5-year survival than those in the right hemicolon (29% vs. 15%), whereas none of those with rectal obstruction survived for 5 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6666995 TI - Relationship between the removal of the nonacute appendix and the menstrual cycle. AB - The significantly higher incidence of removal of a normal appendix in females in the second, third and fourth decades of life for suspected acute appendicitis lead to a study of the frequency of appendicectomy and the peroperative findings at the time of surgery in patients in different phases of the menstrual cycle. The results showed that the frequency of acute appendicitis in the luteal phase was more than twice the frequency of the disease in the remaining half of the menstrual cycle. Further, there was a significantly higher proportion of gangrenous, perforated and normal appendices removed from patients in the menstrual and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle. The diseases mimicking acute appendicitis are tabulated. From these results it can be concluded that the female sex hormones might play an important aetiological role in the development of acute appendicitis or influence the inflammatory process in the appendix. PMID- 6666996 TI - Computed tomography of spinal and pelvic fractures. AB - The value of computed tomography (CT) compared with conventional x-ray was assessed in 29 spinal and 9 pelvic fractures. In the so called bursting fractures of spinal vertebrae the position of bone fragments in the neural canal was shown better by CT. The neural canal was remarkably narrowed on several occasions without the patient having any clinical symptoms of root or medullary compression. In 2 patients a fracture of laminae was discernible only on CT. Vertical fractures of vertebral bodies were also difficult to distinguish on the conventional plain x-ray. CT was helpful for planning of the anterolateral decompression operation of L2 in one patient. In cases of pelvic trauma sacro iliac joint diastasis was readily shown by CT. CT was clearly better able to determine whether the fracture extended across the sacro iliac joint. Also in fractures of the iliac wings CT readily showed the internal and external surfaces which were difficult to evaluate on plain radiographic examination. In spinal and pelvic fractures CT can give useful additional information which can influence the treatment of the trauma patient. PMID- 6666997 TI - Antepartum non stress cardiotocography and quantified short term variability of foetal heart rate in high-risk pregnancies. AB - The clinical significance of non-stress cardiotocography (CTG) and antepartum quantified short-term variability (differential index = DI) of foetal heart rate (FHR) were assessed for prediction of foetal outcome in 461 high-risk pregnancies. The analysis of FHR variability were made by a microprocessor based on-line method which utilizes abdominal foetal electrocardiogram (aFECG) as a triggering signal. In 24 pregnancies no acceptable aFECG was obtained. CTG was classified as pathological in 167 pregnancies (36%), and DI was abnormal in 74 pregnancies (15%) in the last test before delivery. Foetal distress developed in 97 pregnancies. There were no antepartum foetal deaths, but six newborn infants died (perinatal mortality 1.3%). CTG was more sensitive but less predictive, and less specific than DI. Risk of foetal distress after a pathological CTG was 8.9 times that after a normal CTG (relative risk, p less than 0.001), and after a pathological DI 8.0 times that after a normal DI (p less than 0.001). Both tests were pathological in 64, and both normal in 265 cases. The risk of foetal distress after combined pathological tests was 20.3 times that after normal combined tests (p less than 0.001). These results suggest that prediction of foetal outcome may be improved by combining CTG and DI. Since the false abnormal rate of CTG was high, further evaluation is required. DI picked out 74 of 86 cases with false abnormal CTGs. These results suggest that DI could be used for further testing of abnormal CTGs. PMID- 6666998 TI - [Surgery of the lacrimal ducts in orbitonasal fractures and dislocations]. PMID- 6666999 TI - [Original approach to prominent ears]. PMID- 6667000 TI - [Subtotal reconstruction of the nose with a Washio flap]. PMID- 6667001 TI - [Cleft lip and palate: can the hard palate be left open? Study of 62 cases with a follow-up of 6 years or more]. PMID- 6667003 TI - [10 years' experience with surgical treatment of decubitus ulcers]. PMID- 6667002 TI - [Our experience with covering ischial pressure sores with musculocutaneous flaps]. PMID- 6667004 TI - [Limits of indications for replantation]. PMID- 6667005 TI - [Treatment of eyelid retraction with levator muscle lengthening]. PMID- 6667006 TI - [Hatchet flap for the repair of cutaneous excisions on the nose. Apropos of 30 cases]. PMID- 6667007 TI - [Value of composite chondrocutaneous grafts in the repair of ear and nose substance loss]. PMID- 6667009 TI - [Technical aspects of the surgical treatment of gynecomastia]. PMID- 6667008 TI - [Musculocutaneous flap of the pectoralis major and resection of the anterior mandibular arch]. PMID- 6667011 TI - [Use of a peripheral vasoconstrictor: ornithine-8-vasopressin (POR 8) in plastic and esthetic surgery]. PMID- 6667010 TI - [A rare complication of breast prosthesis. Calcification of the periprosthetic retractile capsule]. PMID- 6667012 TI - [Effects of muscular contractions on an artery after microanastomosis]. PMID- 6667013 TI - [A pharaonic lip reconstruction]. PMID- 6667014 TI - Effect of a standard test meal on serum bile acid levels in healthy nonpregnant and pregnant women and in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. AB - Eight healthy nonpregnant women, nine pregnant women, and eight patients with intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) of pregnancy were investigated. Serum samples were collected after overnight fasting just before the application of the test meal and 30, 60, 120 and 180 min afterwards for determination of serum cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) concentrations by radioimmunoassays. After the test meal primary bile acid levels were increased significantly (p less than 0.01) in every group after one hour and CDCA concentrations increased to a greater extent and more rapidly than those of CA. In pregnant women there were two cases with increased CA levels after three hours. In patients with IHC of pregnancy CA concentrations after three hours were higher than the initial fasting levels in every case and also over the normal reference limit. The testing of liver function by measuring the serum concentrations of endogenous bile acids after the test meal seems to be useful and more sensitive than measuring the levels of fasting bile acids in the mild forms of IHC of pregnancy. Normal pregnancy also appears to result in a somewhat cholestatic condition. PMID- 6667015 TI - Serum CK-MB isoenzyme after aortic and mitral valve replacements. AB - A release of the MB fraction of creatine kinase (CK) enzyme into the serum due to myocardial manipulation and trauma occurs in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Thus, the appearance of CK-MB activity as such is not sufficient to indicate of perioperative myocardial infarction. The mean (+/- SD) serum CK-MB isoenzyme level was 95 +/- 103 U/l 18 hours after aortic or mitral valve replacement in 76 patients. Thirteen patients undergoing closure of an atrial septal defect served as controls. They had a significantly lower (p less than 0.01) isoenzyme level postoperatively: 45 +/- 39 U/l. Two patients had the ECG changes of definite myocardial infarction after valve replacement and they also showed high CK-MB values, while the other patients with high enzyme level had no ECG signs suggesting acute infarction. CK-MB values correlated with the aortic cross clamping time (r = 0.39, p less than 0.001) and weakly with the precordial ECG voltage of SV1 + RV5 (r = 0.25, p less than 0.01). While these findings may reflect the sensitivity of a thick myocardial wall to ischaemia during surgery, the postoperative recovery was not related to the serum CK-MB level. PMID- 6667017 TI - Cerebral blood flow in polycythaemia vera. AB - Haematological variables, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cardiac index were investigated in 14 patients with polycythaemia vera undergoing venesections. The most important determinant of the CBF was the age of the patients (r = 0.52, p less than 0.05). CBF improved after venesection in the patients in whom the blood volume removed by venesections was over 1000 ml (from 28 to 34 ml/100 g/min; p less than 0.005) and in elderly patients with very low initial CBF (less than or equal to 25 ml/100 g/min) at the haematocrit levels higher than 0.45 (p less than 0.02). Venesections did not change cardiac index. It is suggested that the importance of the haematocrit level as a regulator of CBF increases with age. PMID- 6667016 TI - Propionic acidaemia. First case in the Finnish population. AB - Propionic acidaemia is a defect of propionyl-CoA-carboxylase activity characterized by urinary excretion of propionic acid, its metabolites and hyperglycinaemia. The clinical picture of this autosomally, recessively inherited disorder, which has been reported in the literature in 63 patients varies from overwhelming metabolic crisis in the neonate to an almost asymptomatic disease responding to protein restriction and biotin supplementation. The first Finnish patient with propionic acidaemia had a severe type of disease with neonatal onset simulating nonketotic hyperglycinaemia. In spite of protein restriction and biotin supplementation this infant developed progressive psychomotor retardation and died of intercurrent infection at the age of 8.5 months. The definite, correct diagnosis was not reached until a severe infection occurred, during which the pathognomonic organic aciduria manifested. This delay in the diagnosis illustrates the importance of performing the analysis of urinary excretion of organic acids during stress situations, such as infections, since the metabolic block may be undetectable under normal conditions. PMID- 6667018 TI - In vivo and in vitro hamster models in the assessment of virulence of recombinant influenza viruses. AB - The virulence of five wild-type influenza A viruses and 14 recombinant viruses, prepared from the cold adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60 virus and various wild-type viruses, was studied by two methods. Firstly, the viruses were inoculated into hamsters, and the titres present in the lungs and turbinates at 1, 3 and 4 days post-infection were measured. Secondly, the effect of five wild-type and ten recombinant viruses on the ciliated epithelium of in vitro hamster tracheal organ cultures was examined. The results obtained were assessed with reference to the known virulence of the viruses for human volunteers. The results showed that virus strains virulent for man grew to higher titres in hamster lungs and turbinates than attenuated strains; and that virulent strains destroyed the ciliary activity of hamster tracheal organ cultures more quickly and to a greater extent than attenuated strains. Comparison of the results with the known virulence of viruses tested for man suggests that the reduced ability of virus to grow in hamster lung tissue and the relatively little effect on ciliary activity may be used as markers of virus attenuation; however, the growth of virus in hamster turbinates overlaps for virulent and attenuated strains and therefore was not considered a useful marker of virulence. PMID- 6667019 TI - Effects of food deprivation, strain, diet and age on feeding responses of fowls to intravenous injections of cholecystokinin. AB - This paper presents new information about inhibitory effects of intravenous injections of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) on feeding activity in birds, with particular reference to variation in motivational state. With increasing food deprivation (0, 1, 2 or 3 h) before injection, doses of 2 and 8 micrograms/kg CCK-8 became progressively less effective in suppressing feeding of domestic fowls. As with mammals, latency to feed was shorter, and subsequent feeding activity greater, with deprived than with undeprived birds. Fowls of broiler (meat-type) and layer strains, which have different absolute food requirements but similar relative (per kg body weight) requirements, did not differ in their feeding responses to injections of 1, 8 and 16 micrograms/kg CCK 8. Food intake of fowls fed on a diet diluted with 40% powdered cellulose was suppressed less by the same three doses of CCK-8 than that of birds fed on undiluted food. This may have been because birds with the more bulky diluted food had to spend a greater proportion of time feeding. Broiler chicks aged 2 and 6 weeks, which may have different blood-brain resistance to circulating CCK and which have different relative food requirements, did not differ in their feeding responses to injections of 2 and 8 micrograms/kg CCK-8. These results do not satisfy one of the criteria proposed for demonstrating the action of a satiety agent, that feeding should be suppressed in a consistent manner regardless of motivational state. An alternative explanation for the apparent satiating properties of CCK-8 is suggested, based on similarities in their time-course, and dependence on deprivation level, to abnormal gastrointestinal responses with similar doses of the peptide. PMID- 6667020 TI - Abstracts: Eighth International Conference on the Physiology of Food and Fluid Intake, Melbourne, Australia, August 23-26, 1983. PMID- 6667021 TI - Calcium-induced changes in thyroglobulin conformation. AB - Polyethylene glycol solutions (10% w/v) were used to detect the effect of mono- and divalent cations on some properties of thyroglobulin. It is shown that in presence of 10% w/v polyethylene glycol in 0.01 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, calcium (less than 0.05 M) modifies the solubility, the sedimentation rate, and the Stokes' radius of thyroglobulin, while monovalent cations up to 0.6 M do not effect any of these properties. These findings can be explained by an increase in molecular compactness of thyroglobulin. Furthermore, it was shown that a synthetic polymer, polyethylene glycol, could be used to detect conformational changes. PMID- 6667022 TI - Endocytosis and degradation of native, cathepsin D-degraded, and glutathione inactivated aldolase by perfused rat liver. AB - The uptake and degradation of 125I-labeled (a) native aldolase, (b) cathepsin D inactivated aldolase, and (c) aldolase inactivated by oxidized glutathione were studied in perfused rat liver. All three forms of aldolase were removed from the perfusion medium and degraded by the liver, but the uptake of the glutathione inactivated enzyme (half-life in perfusate = 10 min) was much faster than that of the native enzyme (half-life = 30 min) or the cathepsin-inactivated enzyme (half life = 42 min). The degradation of the enzyme was almost totally inhibited by leupeptin, indicating that thiol proteinases in lysosomes play an important role in the digestion process. Degradation of native and cathepsin D-inactivated aldolase appeared to be slower than that of the glutathione-inactivated enzyme but studies in which liver was preloaded with aldolase by perfusion at 19 degrees C and then warming to 37 degrees C indicated that the rate of degradation of all three forms was similar. It is concluded that the liver is capable of distinguishing between the glutathione-altered aldolase and native or partially degraded aldolase with regard to endocytosis, but that all three forms are degraded at similar rates once within lysosomes. PMID- 6667023 TI - Binding of S-adenosylhomocysteine to various domains of the plasma membrane and to the endoplasmic reticulum from rat liver: relation between binding and phospholipid methyltransferase activity. AB - S-Adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) binding to various membrane fractions of rat liver was determined at pH 7.4, using an oil centrifugation technique. The highest binding activity was found in the heavy microsomal (M-H) fraction enriched in endoplasmic reticulum, but high binding activity was also observed in the light microsomal fractions enriched in blood sinusoidal membranes (M-L fraction), and the heavy nuclear fraction (N-H fraction) containing the contiguous area. A substantial portion of AdoHcy binding activity in the M-L fraction may be ascribed to contamination of this fraction with endoplasmic reticulum, as indicated by the distribution of NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity. Binding activity was low in the light nuclear (N-L) fraction corresponding to the bile canaliculi. Phospholipid methyltransferase activity was determined in the same membrane fractions under similar conditions (pH 7.4), and in the absence and presence of added phospholipids. The distribution of the enzyme activity was dependent on the presence of exogenous phospholipids, and grossly similar to AdoHcy binding, the highest activities being observed in the M H and the M-L fractions. The N-H fraction, rich in AdoHcy-binding activity, demonstrated, however, a very low phospholipid methyltransferase activity. It is concluded that AdoHcy-binding activity is not confined to the plasma membranes, and a major fraction of the binding activity resides on membranes derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. Also, the present results add to previous data suggesting that phospholipid methyltransferase does not totally account for the AdoHcy-binding sites on rat liver membranes. PMID- 6667024 TI - Regulation of C4 photosynthesis: physical and kinetic properties of active (dithiol) and inactive (disulfide) NADP-malate dehydrogenase from Zea mays. AB - NADP-malate dehydrogenase was purified from leaves of Zea mays in the absence of thiol-reducing agents by (NH4)2SO4, polyethylene glycol, and pH fractionation followed by dye-ligand affinity chromatography and gel filtration. The purified enzyme is completely inactive (no activity detected between pH 6 and 9) but can be reactivated by thiol-reducing agents including dithiothreitol and thioredoxin. The active enzyme shows distinctly alkaline pH optima when assayed in either direction; Km values at pH 8.5 are oxaloacetate, 18 microM; malate, 24 mM; NADPH, 50 microM; and NADP, 45 microM. The reduction of oxaloacetate is inhibited by NADP (competitive with respect to NADPH, Ki = 50 microM). The molecular weight of the native inactive or active enzyme is 150,000 with subunits of Mr 38,000. Active enzyme is much more sensitive (greater than 50-fold) to heat denaturation than is the inactive enzyme and is irreversibly inactivated by N-ethylmaleimide whereas the inactive enzyme is insensitive to this reagent. The active and inactive forms of NADP-malate dehydrogenase are assumed to correspond to dithiol and disulfide forms of the enzyme, respectively. The relative coenzyme-binding affinities of inactive NADP-malate dehydrogenase differ by a factor of 10(2) from the binding affinities for active NADP-malate dehydrogenase and 10(4) for non thiol-regulated NAD-specific malate dehydrogenase. It is proposed that the 100 fold change in differential binding of NADP and NADPH upon conversion of NADP malate dehydrogenase to the disulfide form may sufficiently alter the equilibrium of the central enzyme-substrate complexes, and hence the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme, to explain the associated loss of activity. PMID- 6667025 TI - Regulation of C4 photosynthesis: regulation of activation and inactivation of NADP-malate dehydrogenase by NADP and NADPH. AB - Inactive NADP-malate dehydrogenase (disulfide form) from chloroplasts of Zea mays is activated by reduced thioredoxin while the active enzyme (dithiol form) is inactivated by incubation with oxidized thioredoxin. This reductive activation of NADP-malate dehydrogenase is inhibited by over 95% in the presence of NADP and the Kd for this interaction of NADP with the inactive enzyme is about 3 microM. Other substrates of the enzyme (malate, oxaloacetate, or NADPH) do not effect the rate of enzyme activation but NADPH can reverse the inhibitory effect of NADP. It appears that NADPH (Kd = 250 microM) and NADP (Kd = 3 microM) compete for the same site, presumably the coenzyme-binding site at the active centre. Apparently the enzyme . NADP binary complex cannot be reduced by thioredoxin whereas the enzyme . NADPH complex is reduced at the same rate as is the free enzyme. Similarly the oxidative inactivation of reduced NADP-malate dehydrogenase is inhibited by up to 85% by NADP and NADPH completely reverses this inhibition. The Kd values of the active-reduced enzyme for NADP and NADPH were both estimated to be 30 microM. From these data a model was constructed which predicts how changing NADPH/NADP levels in the chloroplast might change the steady-state level of NADP malate dehydrogenase activity. The model indicates that at any fixed ratio of reduced to oxidized thioredoxin high proportions of active NADP-malate dehydrogenase and, hence, high rates of oxaloacetate reduction, can only occur with very high NADPH/NADP ratios. PMID- 6667026 TI - Proteoglycan extraction of sized cartilage particles. AB - The relationship between cartilage thickness and proteoglycan extractability was examined. Bovine nasal cartilage slices (20, 100, and 500 micron thicknesses) were extracted with low-ionic-strength buffer and 4 M guanidine hydrochloride. The extractability of proteoglycans with both solutions depended on slice thickness. Thinner slices yielded greater amounts of proteoglycans. Sixty-three percent of the total cartilage uronic acid was extracted from 20-micron cartilage slices with low-ionic-strength buffer while only 7% was extracted for 500-micron slices. Each fivefold increase in cartilage surface area led to a threefold increase in uronic acid extraction with low-ionic-strength buffer. Extraction of proteoglycan aggregates was directly proportional to the cartilage surface area whereas extraction of non-aggregated proteoglycans, per surface area, increased with increasing cartilage thickness. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that proteoglycan aggregates are extracted mainly from the cartilage surface while non-aggregated proteoglycans diffuse from deep within the cartilage. Extraction with low-ionic-strength buffer occurred in two phases. There was an initial rapid loss of proteoglycans in which 1/3 to 1/2 of all proteoglycans eluting over 6 days were extracted during the first 30 min. Subsequent extraction was much slower with decreasing amounts extracted on each consecutive day. The initial rapid loss of proteoglycans was probably due to the steep osmotic-pressure gradient existing when the cartilage was placed in the low ionic-strength buffer. PMID- 6667027 TI - Characteristics of antibodies to the epidermal growth factor receptor-kinase. AB - Polyclonal antibodies to different antigenic forms of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-kinase from human A-431 cells have been produced, and their properties have been characterized and compared. Biochemically active receptor kinase purified by affinity chromatography was employed as one type of antigen. Denatured receptor-kinase prepared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis of the affinity-purified receptor was used as the second type of antigen. Animals immunized with either type of antigen produced antibody capable of immunoprecipitating the receptor-kinase molecule. Antibodies produced in response to the biochemically active antigenic form of the receptor-kinase are capable of blocking 125I-EGF binding to the receptor and inhibited EGF-stimulated biological responses. These antisera are not species specific in their ability to inhibit growth-factor binding to the EGF receptor of various mammalian cells. However, these rabbit antisera were unable to inhibit 125I-EGF binding to rabbit cells. Although antisera produced in response to the denatured receptor-kinase molecule are not able to block 125I-EGF binding or EGF-stimulated biological responses, they are particularly efficient for the immunoprecipitation of solubilized 125I EGF:receptor complexes. None of the antisera contain antibodies capable of interfering with basal receptor-kinase phosphorylation activity. Although each of the antisera immunoprecipitated this kinase activity, none of the antisera contained antibody which served as a phosphorylation substrate for the EGF receptor-kinase in contrast to the immunoglobulins present antisera to the src gene product of the Rous sarcoma virus. PMID- 6667028 TI - Supramolecular structure of chlorophyll-protein complexes in relation to the chlorophyll a fluorescence of chloroplasts at room or liquid nitrogen temperature. AB - To investigate further the possibility that changes in the organization of the thylakoid pigment-protein complexes are monitored by the chlorophyll a fluorescence yield changes, or by changes in the F685/F730 ratio in the 77 degrees K fluorescence, as earlier proposed (A. Castorinis, G. Akoyunoglou, and J.H. Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou (1982) Photobiochem. Photobiophys. 4, 283-291; J.H. Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou, A. Castorinis, and G. Akoyunoglou (1982) Photobiochem. Photobiophys. 4, 201-210), the effect of pH, Cd2+ or Zn2+ addition, and trypsinization on all parameters was studied. We found that (a) the pH of the medium affects the ratio of oligomeric to monomeric structures of the complexes (monomers predominate at low pH), as well as the ratio F685/F730 of thylakoids or of the isolated CPIa complex (the F685/F730 ratio is high at low pH, and low at high). (b) Zn2+ or Cd2+ addition to thylakoids, suspended in Tricine (N-[2 hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]glycine), has no effect on the chlorophyll a fluorescence yield nor on the F685/F730 ratio at 77 degrees K; similarly, no effect can be noticed on the F685/F730 ratio at 77 degrees K of the isolated CPIa complex. These cations, contrary to Mg2+, do not affect the oligomer to monomer dissociation, but they instead reverse the cation effect and enhance the oligomeric structures. (c) Trypsinized thylakoids in Tricine do not show the Mg2+ effect on the chlorophyll a fluorescence yield, have a reduced F730/F685 ratio at 77 degrees K, and are deficient in the CPIa complex, which is mainly responsible for the F685/F730 ratio changes in the presence of cations. The results support the proposal that cation- or pH-induced changes in the chlorophyll a fluorescence yield at room temperature, or in the F685/F730 ratio at 77 degrees K, are irrelevant to the excitation energy distribution between the two photosystems. They instead seem to reflect changes in the organization of the supramolecular structure of the pigment-protein complexes in the photosystem I and photosystem II units. PMID- 6667029 TI - Elucidation of a minimal immunoreactive site of vertebrate calmodulin. AB - The heptapeptide Asn-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Phe-Val-Gln-NH2 corresponding to residues 137 143 of vertebrate calmodulin is as immunoreactive as the entire 148-residue protein. A reproducible and rapid procedure for producing antisera against vertebrate calmodulin has been previously described (L. J. Van Eldik and D. M. Watterson (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 4205-4210). Most of the antisera elicited by this method react with a major immunoreactive region (residues 127-144) in the COOH-terminal domain of vertebrate calmodulin. In this report, the minimum segment of calmodulin required for reactivity with an antiserum that readily distinguishes various types of calmodulins is defined. These studies demonstrate that a linear segment of seven amino acid residues shows a competition curve in radioimmunoassay resembling the competition curve of intact calmodulin. This heptapeptide is the smallest calmodulin segment and the only seven-residue segment in the 135-145 region that shows quantitative immunoreactivity with the anti-calmodulin serum. These data demonstrate that this heptapeptide is a major immunoreactive site of calmodulin. However, when this immunoreactive site heptapeptide is conjugated to a carrier and injected into rabbits, it does not elicit antisera that react with the native protein. These studies demonstrate that quantitative immunoreactivity of antisera produced in animals can be found in small peptide segments and that, for calmodulin, the requirements for production of anti-peptide antibodies that react with the native protein molecule are not as simple as surface exposure of the peptide region. PMID- 6667030 TI - Alpha 2-macroglobulin binding to cultured fibroblasts: identification by affinity chromatography of high-affinity binding sites. AB - Binding sites having the properties of high-affinity receptors for activated alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) have been purified over 100-fold from membranes of spontaneously transformed NIH-3T3 cells (J. A. Hanover, S.-y. Cheng, M. C. Willingham, and I. H. Pastan [1983] J. Biol. Chem. 258, 370-377). To identify the molecular species involved in high-affinity binding, the solubilized receptor has been purified 500-fold by conventional procedures and further purified by affinity chromatography. After radioiodination of the 500-fold-purified preparation, the detergent-solubilized extract was applied to alpha 2M-Sepharose and an 85,000 +/- 5000 Mr species was selectively retained by the column. Binding of the 85,000 +/- 5000 Mr species to the affinity resin was inhibited by EDTA and by excess alpha 2M. Elution from the affinity column could be accomplished with bacitracin, a competitive inhibitor of alpha 2M binding, or with EDTA. Consistent with the previously reported characteristics of the high-affinity alpha 2M receptor, the 85,000 Mr species bound much more efficiently to methylamine activated alpha 2M-Affigel than to alpha 2M-Affigel which had not been amine activated. The present data suggest that a protein with a subunit Mr of 85,000 +/ 5000 may represent a component of the high-affinity alpha 2M receptor present on cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 6667031 TI - Dictyostelium calmodulin: affinity isolation and characterization. AB - The Ca2+-binding regulatory protein calmodulin (CaM) has been purified from the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum. Isolation of homogeneous Dictyostelium CaM was accomplished in high yield by ion-exchange chromatography and Ca2+-dependent affinity chromatography on phenothiazine-Sepharose 4B. This isolate has been demonstrated to possess the following physicochemical and functional properties characteristic of other CaM isolates: (i) a molecular weight ca. 16,000; (ii) an amino acid composition similar to other CaMs--with the notable exception that Dictyostelium CaM, as first determined by Bazari and Clarke [(1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 3598-3603] lacks the single trimethylated lysine (Tml) residue identified in nearly all CaMs purified to date; (iii) a CNBr peptide map similar to that of other CaMs; (iv) a Ca2+-dependent shift in migration during native- and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analyses; (v) ability to form Ca2+-dependent complexes with rabbit skeletal muscle troponin I; and (vi) ability to activate in a Ca2+ dependent manner bovine brain cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. PMID- 6667032 TI - Studies on prolactin: conformational comparison of human, equine, and porcine pituitary prolactins. AB - The conformations of human, equine, and porcine pituitary prolactins, as evidenced by various optical properties, have been compared. The alpha-helix contents of all three proteins are essentially identical to each other (60 +/- 5%), as well as to prolactins isolated from other mammalian species. Direct absorption (zero and second-order), difference absorption, fluorescence emission, and circular dichroism spectra suggest that the majority of tyrosine and tryptophan side chains in these three proteins exist in very similar microenvironments within the folded forms of the hormones. Thus, the general conformational properties of these molecules are closely related to each other, and to other mammalian prolactins. Molar extinction and absorptivity values have been obtained at the absorption maximum of each species. In addition, a second molar extinction value has been determined at a particular wavelength found to be different for each, and which appears to be independent of the conformational state of the molecule. These absorptivities are useful in providing accurate prolactin concentrations in the 10(0) to 10(-2) mg/ml range. On incubation with the proteolytic enzyme thermolysin, all three hormones display an initial, short lag period during which little conformational change can be detected by difference absorption spectroscopy. For human and porcine prolactins, subsequent rates of proteolytically induced conformational collapse were found to be essentially identical. However, under similar conditions, equine prolactin loses its conformation significantly more slowly. PMID- 6667033 TI - Does coal mine dust present a risk for lung cancer? A case-control study of U.S. coal miners. AB - This paper evaluates the relationship between the risk of lung cancer mortality and coal mine dust exposure under control by cigarette smoking status. Two case control studies based on 317 white male lung cancer mortality cases are presented. A one-to-one matched-case design allows examination of the risk of coal mine dust exposure and cigarette smoking. A two-to-one matched-case design was employed to examine the lung cancer risk of coal mine dust exposure independent of cigarette smoking. Based upon these data, no evidence of a coal mine dust exposure-lung cancer risk was found, although the expected increased risk for lung cancer in cigarette smokers was observed. There was no evidence of an interactive effect between cigarette smoking and coal mine dust exposure. PMID- 6667034 TI - The relationship of hyperactivity to moderately elevated lead levels. AB - Controversy exists with respect to whether moderately elevated lead levels are toxic in certain children with various central nervous system dysfunctions. One way of addressing this controversy is to remove the lead; if the condition is ameliorated a presumption of toxicity becomes reasonable. Such a strategy is reported herein. Children with an operationally defined central nervous system dysfunction (hyperactivity) and moderately elevated lead levels were treated with a lead chelating agent in a random allocation double blind treatment regimen. The finding of statistically significant and obvious behavioral improvement reported by three separate evaluators (i.e., parent, teacher, and treating physician) of the child suggests that the presumption of a toxic relationship between moderately elevated lead levels and hyperactivity is supported. PMID- 6667035 TI - Bone marrow injury in lithographers exposed to glycol ethers and organic solvents used in multicolor offset and ultraviolet curing printng processes. AB - Prompted by referral of a printer with aplastic anemia, a study of possible marrow toxicity of workplace substances was undertaken. Dermal and respiratory exposures to dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and a range of aliphatic, aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons used for offset and ultraviolet cured multicolor printing were documented. Evaluation of seven co-workers revealed normal peripheral blood pictures, but bone marrow specimens demonstrated clear patterns of injury in three while the others had nonspecific signs of marrow effect. These changes could not be explained by known risk factors. The authors conclude that further evaluation of possible bone marrow toxicity resulting from exposure to glycol ethers and ultraviolet curing printing processes is warranted. More generally, we have provided data demonstrating that peripheral blood counts may be an insensitive tool for the study of hematologic toxins acting at the bone marrow level. PMID- 6667036 TI - Low-level lead exposure in childhood influences neuropsychological performance. AB - Cumulative lead exposure in 193 inner-city black children was assessed by measuring lead concentrations in the primary and circumpulpal dentine of their deciduous teeth. Lead concentrations for these children were comparable to the concentrations reported in population studies of low-income children living in inner-city areas. Analysis of the children's neuropsychological test performance showed that elevated lead levels were associated with deficits in visual-motor functioning and perceptual integration, right-left orientation, and verbal abstraction; other verbal abilities and motor functioning were not affected. Possible alternative explanations for these findings were evaluated by examining the relationships between lead and maternal intelligence, family socioeconomic status, and perinatal indicators of neurological impairment. None of these relationships was significant. It was concluded that, even at levels usually regarded as asymptomatic, lead in the environment represents a hazard to inner city children. PMID- 6667037 TI - Circadian rhythms in the urinary excretion of metals and organic substances in "healthy" men. AB - Circadian rhythms in the urinary excretion of metals and organic substances were examined in ten "healthy" men under conditions of water loading and restriction. Four characteristic rhythms were observed: (1) decreased excretion during the night for lead and urinary flow rate; (2) decreased excretion of hippuric acid, delta-aminolevulinic acid, coproporphyrin, creatinine, and total urinary solutes during the night and morning hours; (3) increased excretion of mercury and zinc during the morning hours; and (4) no significant variation for copper. Excretion of lead, hippuric acid, delta-aminolevulinic acid, and total urinary solutes was significantly correlated with urinary flow rate and creatinine excretion, which suggested that their circadian rhythms were the consequence of reduced glomerular filtration and increased reabsorption by the distal tubule and collecting duct during the night and morning hours. Similarly, it was suggested that the mercury and zinc rhythms resulted partly from increased reabsorption during the night hours; the coproporphyrin rhythm reflected reduced glomerular filtration of coproporphyrinogen during the night and morning hours. PMID- 6667038 TI - Chrome plating: symptoms, findings in the upper airways, and effects on lung function. AB - Respiratory symptoms, lung function, and changes in the nasal septum were noted for 100 subjects exposed to chrome plating. The findings were compared with those of 119 nonexposed controls, studied with identical techniques, as well as with data in the literature. Complaints of nasal irritation were common among subjects exposed to a daily average that exceeded 1 microgram/m3 of chromic acid, while the frequency of chronic bronchitis was similar to that in different control series. Nasal septal ulceration and perforation were seen in two-thirds of the subjects exposed to peak levels of 20 micrograms/m3 or more. Both forced vital capacity and forced expired volume in 1 sec were reduced by 0.2 L. The forced midexpiratory flow diminished by 0.4 L/sec from Monday morning to Thursday afternoon in subjects exposed to a daily average of 2 micrograms/m3 or more chromic acid, but there was no clear correlation with short-term high exposure. Subjects exposed to lower levels showed no significant changes. Data collected on Monday morning (i.e., after 2 days without exposure) did not differ significantly from reference values. It is concluded that an 8-hr mean exposure exceeding 2 micrograms/m3 may cause a transient decrease in lung function, and that short term exposure to at least 20 micrograms/m3 may cause septal ulceration and perforation. PMID- 6667039 TI - Dose-response relationship between tobacco consumption and melanin pigmentation in the attached gingiva. AB - The dose response relationship between tobacco consumption and melanin pigmentation in the attached gingiva was examined on two occasions 4 years apart in a group of Japanese lead workers with blood lead concentrations below 2.0 mu mol/kg (40 micrograms/100 g). In the two examinations, 12% and 18% of the total group of workers and 17% and 24% of the smokers had melanin pigmentation. The prevalence of pigmentation was significantly higher in smokers who inhaled more than 10 cigarettes per day (17% and 25%) than in nonsmokers (0% and 2%), and tended to increase significantly with tobacco consumption. Lead absorption was not associated with melanin pigmentation. PMID- 6667040 TI - Human endometrium in cell culture: a new method for culturing human endometrium as separate epithelial and stromal components. AB - The present study describes a simple method for culturing human endometrium as separate epithelial and stromal components. Fifty-two samples of normal human endometrium have been initiated in tissue culture: endometrium from both the proliferative and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle showed satisfactory growth in vitro with a success rate of about 94%. Epithelial cultures remained viable for 60 days, while from stromal cells it was possible to establish cell lines. Both cell types possessed estrogen receptors. Epithelial cells showed no clear estrogen or progesterone response. Our observations suggest that this simple method for culturing human endometrium may serve as a tool in further investigations. PMID- 6667041 TI - Effects of cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol on endometrial histology. AB - The influence of cyproterone acetate (CPA) containing drugs on the endometrium has not yet been investigated. Therefore, endometrial biopsies were obtained in 22 hirsute patients between day 14 and 28 of the cycle after 7-18 months of oral antiandrogen therapy. The effects of various regimens consisting of different doses of CPA in combination with ethinylestradiol (EE) were evaluated. The low dose standard regimen (50 micrograms of EE plus 2 mg of CPA daily from day 5 to 25) caused regressive changes in the endometrium, i.e., sparse atrophic glands, relatively compact stroma, islands of stromal edema. These alterations correspond to those induced by conventional balanced low-dose combined oral contraceptives. High-dose reversed sequential regimen (40 micrograms of EE daily from day 5 to 25 plus 100 mg of CPA daily from day 5 to 14) resulted in pseudodeciduation and massive stromal edema. Pseudodeciduation during the early secretory phase is taken as a sign of the progestational depot effect of CPA, while the stromal edema is regarded as a result of the relatively unopposed estrogen intake during the second half of the treatment cycle. Thus, the effects of CPA containing drug on the endometrium depend essentially on their type, dosage and mode of administration. PMID- 6667042 TI - Prognostic criteria in patients with endometrial cancer. AB - Between 1970 and 1977 216 patients were operated on for adenocarcinoma of the endometrium at the I. Universitats-Frauenklinik, Munich. The 5-year-survival rate for stage Ia was 79.7%, for stage Ib 86.4%, and for stage II 66.7%. Reliable prognostic criteria were tumor grading, lymphatic invasion, and myometrial tumor invasion. The 5-year-survival rate in patients with grade 1 carcinoma was 88.9% in patients with grade 3 carcinoma only 33.3% Patients with adenoacanthoma had a 5-year-survival rate of 73.3%, those with an adenosquamous carcinoma a 5-year survival rate of 50%. Patients with no evidence of lymphatic invasion showed a 5 year-survival rate of 84.9%, those with proven invasion of lymphatic vessels a survival rate of 52.9%. In patients with tumor infiltrating one third of the myometrium the 5-year-survival rate was 90%. In patients with tumor infiltrating two thirds of the myometrium the 5-year-survival rate was 66.7%, and with infiltration of the full thickness of myometrium it was 33.3%. PMID- 6667043 TI - Endometriotic ureteric obstruction after hysterectomy. PMID- 6667044 TI - Unruptured primary ovarian pregnancy. PMID- 6667045 TI - Ultrasound study of ovarian morphology in women with polycystic ovary syndrome before and during treatment with an oestrogen/progestogen preparation. AB - Women with polycystic ovarian disease were treated with oral estrogens and progestogens and their ovarian volume, ovarian texture and uterine size were studied by ultrasound before and during treatment. A significant decrease in the volume and in the number of follicles in the ovaries was seen. Hormone therapy thus temporarily restores normal ovarian morphology in subjects with polycystic ovaries. The uterus did not change significantly during treatment. PMID- 6667047 TI - [Contribution of ultrastructure to the diagnosis of hemangiopericytomas. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6667046 TI - The changing pattern of tuberculosis of the female genital tract. A thirty year survey. AB - Between 1st January, 1951 and 31st December, 1980, 704 women with proven tuberculosis of the genital tract were investigated. The previous obstetrical history, age incidence, presenting symptoms, and pelvic findings have been reviewed in 10-year periods. The incidence of previous pregnancies rose in successive periods and the average age increased. The main differences in the presenting symptoms were a lessening in the frequency of amenorrhoea and vaginal discharge and an increase in postmenopausal bleeding. The incidence of palpable adnexal masses decreased in successive 10-year periods. Short drug courses were mainly employed in the earlier years and longer courses in the later years. The drugs used initially were streptomycin, PAS and isoniazid, ethambutol and rifampicin being introduced later. The incidence of surgical treatment following failure of drug therapy was much higher in those who had received short drug courses than in those who had received longer ones. PMID- 6667048 TI - [Blue histiocytes syndrome. Review of the literature apropos of a case of idiopathic splenomegaly in adults]. PMID- 6667049 TI - [Breast hamartomas. Apropos of 11 cases. Review of the literature]. PMID- 6667050 TI - [Endosalpingosis of the peritoneum and chronic salpingitis]. PMID- 6667051 TI - Mixed colonic polyposis. PMID- 6667052 TI - [Cytological detection of epidermoid carcinomas of the oral cavity. Importance of scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 6667053 TI - [Melanic tumor of pulmonary origin?]. PMID- 6667054 TI - [Mastocytic osteoporosis without cutaneous involvement. Apropos of a case with a histomorphometric study on non-decalcified bone]. PMID- 6667055 TI - [Tick-borne relapsing fever in Central Africa]. PMID- 6667056 TI - Further observations on the urban Schistosoma mansoni focus in Kinshasa, Zaire. PMID- 6667057 TI - [Tick-borne relapsing fever and pregnancy. A clinical study in Rwanda]. PMID- 6667058 TI - [Adapting the use of a manual refractometer for the determination of milk serum proteins]. PMID- 6667059 TI - [Congenital relapsing fever caused by Borrelia duttoni. Apropos of a case in Rwanda]. PMID- 6667060 TI - Hemodynamic effects of high dosages of verapamil and the lack of protection by 4 aminopyridine in the rabbit. AB - 4-Aminopyridine (1 mg/kg) restored a 35% fall in arterial blood pressure in rabbits evoked by a verapamil infusion (0.5 mg/kg/min) more effectively than calcium-levulate (approx. 13 mg/kg). However, the lethal dose of verapamil for rabbits (mean: 7.1 mg/kg given by intravenous infusion in 14.3 min) was not affected by 4-aminopyridine pretreatment. PMID- 6667061 TI - Effects of buflomedil on isolated dog arteries. AB - Buflomedil (10(-6) to 10(-4) M) relaxed, in a concentration-dependent manner, helical strips of dog mesenteric, renal and femoral arteries, partially contracted due to previous exposure to noradrenaline. When partial contraction was caused by prostaglandin F2 alpha, Buflomedil produced a slight relaxation of the mesenteric and coronary arterial strips, had no effect in cerebral and femoral arteries and caused a small contraction of renal arterial strips. Buflomedil did not reduce contractions induced by submaximal concentrations of K+ in normal media and those induced by Ca++ in mesenteric arteries exposed to Ca++ free media and depolarized by excess K+. Contractile responses to transmural electrical stimulation and exogenous noradrenaline were attenuated by buflomedil; the attenuations in femoral and mesenteric arteries did not differ. Protection against persistent blockade of alpha-adrenoceptors by phenoxybenzamine was obtained by pretreatment of mesenteric arteries with buflomedil. Relaxant responses of cerebral and coronary arteries to nicotine were suppressed or abolished by buflomedil, whereas the relaxation of coronary arteries induced by tyramine was unaffected or reduced only slightly. It is concluded that buflomedil reversibly blocks alpha-adrenoceptors in arterial smooth muscle and possesses an anti-nicotinic action. As far as the concentrations used in the present study are concerned, buflomedil does not appear to interfere with the transmembrane influx of Ca++. PMID- 6667062 TI - Platonin, a photosensitizing cyanine dye, suppresses acute inflammation. AB - Platonin is believed to be an immunomodulator, because it has been shown to be effective only in chronic inflammation models in rat adjuvant arthritis. Platonin did not suppress the serotonin-, histamine- and bradykinin-induced paw edemata of mice when injected 0-1 hr before these irritants in the standard methods. When platonin was administered 3 hr before challenge, however, all of these inflammations were significantly suppressed. Platonin required at least 1 hr of lag for onset of inhibition, just as dexamethasone, and was effective only in the range of 10-320 micrograms/kg. Inhibition of serotonin-induced paw edema by platonin was impaired by concomitant injection of cycloheximide and was not affected by adrenalectomy. Platonin was concluded to suppress the vascular permeability principally through enhancing the endogenous anti-inflammatory protein (vasoregulin) synthesis without changing arachidonate metabolism, lymphocyte transformation or antibody production. Rat carrageenan paw edema was also suppressed when this drug was administered 2-4 hr before challenge. PMID- 6667063 TI - "Peripheral type" benzodiazepine binding sites in rat adrenals: binding studies with [3H]PK 11195 and autoradiographic localization. AB - PK 11195 [1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinolinec arboxamide] is a compound chemically unrelated to benzodiazepines with a high affinity for the "peripheral type" binding sites for benzodiazepines (Le Fur et al., 1983a). [3H]PK 11195 binds to the adrenal membranes with a high affinity (KD congruent to 3 nM) in a specific, reversible and GABA-independent manner. Binding is also characterized by very high Bmax (34 pmol/mg protein). These binding sites are the "peripheral type" benzodiazepine binding sites as demonstrated by the potency order of displacement of the [3H]PK 11195 bound: PK 11195 greater than R05-4864 greater than diazepam greater than dipyridamole greater than clonazepam. The biochemical characteristic of the binding to rat adrenal sections has also been studied. In these conditions the affinity for [3H]PK 11195 is ten times smaller, but the potency order of displacing agents was the same, demonstrating the identity of the section binding sites. Using tritium sensitive film these sites have been visualized in adrenal sections. [3H]PK 11195 binding sites are localized in the adrenal cortex with some spare labelling in the medulla. PMID- 6667065 TI - Nifedipine and myocardial performance in the presence and absence of beta blockade with propranolol. AB - The effects of intracoronary nifedipine on myocardial performance were studied in the absence and presence of beta-blockade with propranolol (0.5 mg X kg-1 i.v. bolus + infusion). In anaesthetized pigs nifedipine (0.025, 0.05 and 0.5 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) produced dose-dependent increases in coronary flow (up to 65% from base line, 39 +/- 4 ml X min-1) and decreases in myocardial O2 consumption (MO2-cons, up to 50%, base line 3.10 +/- 0.34 ml X min-1). The two lower doses caused a negligible depression of systemic haemodynamics (cardiac output, CO smaller than 8%, base line 2.70 +/- 0.14 l X min-1; mean arterial pressure, MAP smaller than 10%, base line 10.9 +/- 0.4 kPa), but after the highest dose MAP and CO decreased by 20%. Following pretreatment with propranolol, the effects of nifedipine on cardiac output and mean arterial pressure were additive for the two lower doses, but with 0.5 microgram X kg-1 X min-1 the superimposed effects were less pronounced. Nifedipine alone was able to increase cardiac efficiency, defined as (MAP X CO)/MO2-cons, by 10-20%, but failed to improve cardiac efficiency when this was previously reduced by administration of propranolol. Our data indicate that intracoronary infusion of nifedipine can be performed safely when beta-blockade is already instituted, but that nifedipine alone decreases MO2-consumption to the same level as the combination, with less depression of global myocardial function. PMID- 6667064 TI - Effects of a new antidepressant drug on active avoidance behavior in rats. Comparative study with tricyclic antidepressants. AB - The effects of a new antidepressant drug, EGYT-475 (1-benzyl-4-(2' pyridylcarbonyl)-piperazine) on the acquisition and extinction of conditioned avoidance behavior following short and long-term treatment were studied in rats. The effects were compared with those of amitriptyline, imipramine and desipramine. In a six-day acquisition period, EGYT-475 in a 200 mg/kg dose p.o facilitated the acquisition, while amitriptyline, imipramine and desipramine either had no effect or impaired the acquisition, depending upon the dose used. In a six-day extinction period, EGYT-475 delayed the extinction following either oral or intraperitoneal administration, while amitriptyline, imipramine, and desipramine in various doses facilitated the extinction. On prolonged treatment the delayed extinction was maintained even after 42 days in animals treated with EGYT-475. The results indicate that EGYT-475, in contrast to tricyclic antidepressants, does not impair the acquisition of avoidance conditioning but rather improves it while it does not facilitate the extinction of learned behavior but considerably delays it. PMID- 6667066 TI - Modification of sympathetic nerve stimulation frequency-response relationship in rabbit ileum by guanethidine, bretylium and tetracaine. AB - Effects of low concentrations of guanethidine, bretylium and tetracaine were comparatively studied with regard to inhibitory responses of rabbit ileum to periarterial nerve stimulation at 5, 10 and 20 Hz. Guanethidine 2 X 10(-7) to 10( 6) M and bretylium 3 X 10(-6) to 3 X 10(-5) M dose-dependently and preferentially reduced responses to lower frequencies, whereas tetracaine 10(-5) to 3 X 10(-5) M reduced responses, in a dose- and frequency-dependent manner. In conclusion, the mode of adrenergic neuron blocking action of guanethidine and bretylium differs from that of local anesthetics. PMID- 6667067 TI - Study of the analgesic effects of galanthamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor. AB - The effects of galanthamine, an alkaloidal anticholinesterase agent whose chemical structure bears similarity to codeine, was studied in various animal and isolated organ tests. Antinociceptive activity of galanthamine given subcutaneously was detected and compared to physostigmine and morphine in the rat hot plate test. Naloxone partially blocked the effect of galanthamine but not that of physostigmine. Both cholinesterase inhibitors provided analgesia in the mouse acetic acid writhing test. They potentiated the effect of morphine in the rat hot plate test but inhibited the barbiturate anaesthesia potentiation of morphine in the rat. While galanthamine provided analgesia in the intact animal, it failed to produce opiate-like activity in such isolated organs as longitudinal muscle strip of the guinea-pig ileum, mouse vas deferens, and cat nictitating membrane. PMID- 6667069 TI - Positive inotropic effect of K-canrenoate: an investigation in anaesthetized dogs, untreated or treated with digitalis. AB - Potassium canrenoate (KCR) is widely used in cardiac patients as an aldosterone antagonist, antiarrhythmic and diuretic drug. According to experimental and clinical studies it can also elicit an inotropic action. It is not clear, however, whether this inotropic activity occurs in the absence of any treatment or after the myocardial contractility has already been improved with digitalis. In order to evaluate a possible interaction of this drug with digitalis we administered KCR intravenously to 41 anaesthetized dogs either untreated or treated with digitalis, in which aortic and left ventricular pressures were recorded and myocardial contractility was evaluated by calculating in real time the first derivative of ventricular pressure (Formula: see text) max and two other contractility indexes (Formula: see text) max and V.max. The results obtained showed that KCR given at doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg i.v. did not elicit any inotropic effect in dogs not previously digitalized. 100 mg/kg i.v. first depressed cardiac contractility and then increased it. After cardiac performance had been improved by digitalis, KCR further increased all contractility indexes significantly. These results could explain previous observations that no inotropic effect was observed in human subjects not treated with digitalis after treatment with KCR. PMID- 6667068 TI - Anticonvulsant activity of milacemide. AB - The anticonvulsant activity of a new drug, milacemide (2-(pentylamino) acetamide), has been studied in animal models of convulsions like those induced by bicuculline, pentylenetetrazol, picrotoxin, strychnine, inhibitors of GABA synthesis as 3-mercaptopropionic acid, allylglycine, isoniazid and thiosemicarbazide and electroshock. Milacemide is particularly effective in inhibiting the convulsions induced by bicuculline. The ED50 is 5.7 mg/kg by oral route and the activity lasts for more than 48 hr. It is less active against pentylenetetrazol and only marginally active against electroshock. It has not be found active against the other types of convulsions. Milacemide has a low toxicity (LD50: 2585 mg/kg in the mouse) and alters the behaviour of mouse, rat and monkey, only at high doses (greater than or equal to 1000 mg/kg). Milacemide seems to be specially free of sedative potential. PMID- 6667070 TI - An EEG investigation on the effects of phencyclidine on pentylentetrazol convulsions in rats and rabbits. AB - The present work deals with an EEG and behavioral study of the effect of phencyclidine against the convulsions due to pentylentetrazol in rats and rabbits. The effects of phencyclidine were compared to those of phenobarbital and trimethadione. A dissociation between the behavioral and electrocortical manifestations of chemically-induced convulsions in the presence of several anticonvulsant drugs has been found. PMID- 6667072 TI - [A rare case of bilateral anophthalmia in the cat]. PMID- 6667071 TI - Effects of phenobarbital, GSH-depletors, CCl4 and ethanol on the biliary efflux of glutathione in rats. AB - The efflux of reduced glutathione (GSH) into bile appears to be a major contribution to the hepatic glutathione homeostasis. In bile-fistula rats pretreatment with phenobarbital strongly enhanced the biliary export of GSH, whereas hepatic damage due to carbon tetrachloride markedly decreased the transport of GSH into bile. An oral load of ethanol, which was not hepatotoxic in rats, had the same effect in this respect. Depletion of hepatic GSH in response to the treatment with diethylmaleate, vinylidene chloride or paracetamol was followed by a decrease in the efflux of GSH into bile. Phorone which depleted the hepatic GSH nearly totally, in contrast, even enhanced its biliary output indicating a rapid decomposition of the phorone-GSH-adduct. Our experiments support recent findings of others that the canalicular transport of reduced GSH requires an active energy-dependent carrier mechanism. PMID- 6667073 TI - [Muscular reinforcement of the inguinal canal posterior wall in man (a study in fetuses and newborn infants)]. PMID- 6667075 TI - Cyclic changes in the cyanophils of the pituitary gland of Channa marulius (Ham.) in correlation with its reproductive cycle. PMID- 6667074 TI - [Mastocytes in the skeletal muscle of normal man and in subjects with Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 6667076 TI - [The number and topographical location of parathyroid glands in man]. PMID- 6667077 TI - [Histochemical study of the endocrine cell population of the monkey intestine]. PMID- 6667078 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects of bovine articular cartilage under conditions of total and residual deformation]. PMID- 6667079 TI - Harmaline-induced rhythm in the lateral reticular nucleus. AB - Extracellular unit recordings were performed in the lateral reticular nucleus of cats under tremogenic doses of harmaline. The 8-12 Hz rhythmic activity induced by the drug in the reticular neurons was suppressed by a total spinal transection and by an ipsilateral injection of xylocaine but not by a contralateral injection of xylocaine. Under harmaline, autoradiographic labelling with 14C-2-deoxyglucose was increased in the lateral reticular nucleus, indicating an increased mean neuronal activity. This labelling was also suppressed by spinal cord transection. A spinal hemisection resulted in the absence of the differential labelling of the ipsilateral lateral reticular nucleus and in a reduction of the labelling of the contralateral lateral reticular nucleus. These data, which indicate that both the rhythmic activity and increased autoradiographic marking under harmaline are elicited through spinoreticular neurons, are discussed in view of the descending olivo-cerebello-spinal pathways. PMID- 6667080 TI - Excitatory and inhibitory effects of repetitive stimulation of group I and II extensor afferents on homonymous motoneurons. AB - The repetitive firing of functionally isolated 143 extensor alpha motoneurons in response to homonymous group I and II tetanizations was studied in decerebrate cats. Of a total sample of 92 group I activated motoneuronal units, 76 motoneurons (82.6%) discharged phasically and 16 motoneurons (17.4%) discharged tonically at threshold or just suprathreshold tetanizations. Only 6 of the phasic motoneurons fired tonically when the stimulus strength was increased within the group I range. The firing rate of 8 phasic motoneurons increased at group I and II stimulations, but they retained their phasic discharge characteristics. The remaining 46 group I activated phasic motoneurons (60.1%) delivered tonic discharges when group II afferents were stimulated. Another group of 16 phasic motoneurons (21.1%) became tonic at group II tetanus, but their tonic discharge was usually interrupted by an inhibitory period, which coincided with an escape reaction of the animal. Out of 38 group II activated motoneuronal units, only 8 (21.1%) motoneurons discharged tonically at threshold or just suprathreshold tetanizations. The repetitive activity of these motoneurons was usually interrupted by an inhibitory period, which coincided with an escape reaction of the animal. This inhibition disappeared after procain application to the GS nerve, and was attributed to dominant inhibitory action of group II afferents mediating the sensation of pain. The remaining 30 (78,9%) motoneurons discharged phasically. Six of them remained phasic even at high threshold group II tetanus. The others gave tonic discharges when the stimulus strength was increased within the group II range. A great percentage of motoneurons discharged regularly with a fixed decoding ratio reflecting monosynaptic excitation. Some motoneurons discharged in multiple bands of impulse intervals due to a variable decoding ratio, which can be attributed to both monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex discharge elicited by group I and/or II tetanizations. There were 6 motoneurons (4.2%), which discharged repetitively at stimulations of the GS, DP, and SUR nervers. These motoneurons were referred to "common motoneurons", which may participate in multiple motor actions such as fixation of a limb or as a part of the flexor reflex. SOL motoneurons usually discharged tonically at tetanizations within the group I range. The firing rate of these motoneurons usually decreased at tetanizations of the group II afferents of MG nerve. Conversely, tetanization of the group II afferents of SOL nerve usually exerted facilitatory effects on group II activated MG motoneurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6667081 TI - Continuous correlation between brain activities. AB - In free-behaving cats, bearing chronically implanted electrodes, the cross correlation coefficients between EEG, EMG and unit activity in the Lateral Geniculate nucleus (LGU) have been computed continuously at 1 sec interval for epochs of several minutes, in the three basic physiological states: slow wave synchronized sleep (S-sleep), REM-sleep and Arousal. The coefficients exhibit continuous and aperiodic oscillations between high positive and high negative values. The means of the coefficients for each pair of variables exhibit significant differences between the three states. The phase times also are varying significantly for each variable pair in different states. During the transition from one state to another the coefficients follow characteristic time patterns. In the stationary phase of the different physiological states the correlation coefficients follow similar waxing and waning patterns. Embedded in the steady waxing and wanings of the coefficients are frequently found r time patterns similar to those of a state transition: the incomplete and sham transitions. All the results support the hypothesis that the diffuse projecting systems are inducing a continuous pressure to change the state of the brain activity, which is revealed by the changing of the correlations between the different brain structures. PMID- 6667082 TI - Responses of forelimb extensors to sinusoidal stimulation of macular labyrinth and neck receptors. AB - In precollicular decerebrate cats the multiunit EMG activity was recorded from forelimb extensors (triceps brachii) during isolated or combined sinusoidal stimulation of labyrinth and neck receptors at frequencies of 0.026--0.15 Hz. As expected from previous work, the first harmonic component of the EMG responses to roll tilt of the animal leading to selective stimulation of labyrinth receptors was characterized by an increased activity during side-down tilt and a decreased activity during side-up tilt (labyrinth responses); on the other hand just the opposite changes were elicited for the same directions of neck rotation (neck responses). For the peak amplitude of displacement of 10 degrees, the responses were always related to position and not to velocity of displacement. In some experiments in which the sensitivity of the neck responses was usually comparable to that of the labyrinth responses and the corresponding peaks were almost 180 degrees out of phase, a cancellation of the responses occurred during head rotation, leading to costimulation of labyrinth and neck receptors. In other experiments, however, in which the sensitivity of the neck responses was higher than that of the labyrinth responses, the forelimb extensors responded to head rotation in a fashion predictable from the vectorial summation of the responses obtained from separate macular and neck stimulation. PMID- 6667083 TI - A circuit specially suited for use with high-frequency capacitance gauge force transducers. AB - A circuit specially designed for use with fast capacitance-gauge force transducer suitable for experiments in single skeletal muscle fibre, is presented. The circuit is a modified solid-state version (with improved characteristics) of the Haines (3) circuit. The electronics is simple and small enough to be placed very close to the transducer. PMID- 6667084 TI - [Theory of expert testimony]. PMID- 6667085 TI - [Criminalogic aspects of indirect orbital roof fractures]. PMID- 6667086 TI - [Evaluation of blood traces under field conditions and their preparation for analysis. Introduction to the formation of an inexpensive single use instrument]. PMID- 6667087 TI - Transfection of Mycobacterium smegmatis SN2 with mycobacteriophage I3 DNA. AB - Mycobacterium smegmatis SN2 does not exhibit natural competence for the uptake of phage I3 DNA. Competence can artificially be induced by treatment with glycine or CaCl2, and the combination of both is even more effective. The efficiency of transfection can be improved by inclusion of protamine sulphate and heterologous RNA in the system. From 32P DNA uptake studies the major barrier for the entry of DNA has been found to be the complex cell wall. The efficiency of transfection calculated on the basis of fraction of DNA which has entered the cell is comparable to that of other bacterial systems. The phage development takes a longer time (7 h for one cycle) after transfection, as compared to infection (4 h). PMID- 6667088 TI - Multiple forms of cytochrome b in the electron transport system of Propionibacterium shermanii. AB - Membrane particles from Propionibacterium shermanii contain cytochromes b and d as the major cytochrome components. Potentiometric titration of the membranes indicate two distinct groups of b-type cytochromes differing in their midpoint potentials by at least 100 mV. Low temperature spectra of redox-poised membranes show that the high potential group consists of two components with approximate lambda max and midpoint potentials as follows: cytochrome b562-563 (+120 mV); cytochrome bHP556-557 (+90 mV). Resolution of the low potential group of b-type cytochromes is less clear cut but there appear to be two further components with different lambda max values but very similar midpoint potentials: cytochrome bLP556-557 (-20 mV) and cytochrome b553-554 (-20 mV). Cytochrome d630 titrates as a single species with an approximate midpoint potential of +140 mV. The low potential pair of b-type cytochromes have midpoint potentials sufficiently low to permit their functioning as components of the anaerobic electron transport path to fumarate while the high potential pair of b-type cytochromes and cytochrome d probably function on an aerobic branch of the electron transport pathway. The characteristics of the aerobic and anaerobic steady-state spectra are largely consistent with these suggestions. PMID- 6667090 TI - [Nutrition and the intestinal bacterial ecosystem in pediatric digestive pathology]. PMID- 6667089 TI - Electron flow to dimethylsulphoxide or trimethylamine-N-oxide generates a membrane potential in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - Under dark and essentially anaerobic conditions electron flow to either dimethylsulphoxide or trimethylamine-N-oxide in cells of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata has been shown to generate a membrane potential. This conclusion is based on the observation of a red shift in the carotenoid absorption band which is a well characterised indicator of membrane potential in this bacterium. The magnitude of the dimethylsulphoxide- or trimethylamine-N-oxide-dependent membrane potential was reduced either by a protonophore uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation or synergistically by a combination of a protonophore plus rotenone, an inhibitor of electron flow from NADH dehydrogenase. These findings, together with the observation that venturicidin, an inhibitor of the proton translocating ATPase, did not reduce the membrane potential, show that electron flow to dimethylsulphoxide or trimethylamine-N-oxide is coupled to proton translocation. Thus contrary to some previous proposals dark and anaerobic growth of Rps. capsulata in the presence of dimethylsulphoxide or trimethylamine-N-oxide cannot be regarded as purely fermentative. PMID- 6667091 TI - [Primary gastroduodenal ulcers in children. A multicenter study of 58 cases of endoscopic or surgical diagnosis]. AB - A retrospective cooperative survey allowed analysis of 58 endoscopically (56) or surgically (2) proven ulcers in children. Drugs or stress induced lesions and ulcers in neonates were excluded from the study. The distribution was as follows: 39 (67%) males, 19 (33%) females, 42 (72%) duodenal, 16 (28%) gastric; 45 children were older than 7 years; a family history of ulcer was present in parents and/or siblings of 12 patients (38%). Ulcer was diagnosed on the occasion of a complication in 39 children (67%). Endoscopy performed in 53 children first detected the ulcer in 51 (in 5 instances at the second examination only). In the remaining 5 children, ulcer was proven endoscopically after radiologic examination was performed. The endoscopic and radiologic data were compared at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up. 31 children were checked endoscopically 3 months after diagnosis and lesions were still present in 21. 10 children were operated on. In these children, evolution is unpredictable and endoscopic check-ups are necessary. PMID- 6667092 TI - [Recurrent fibroma of the fingers in children: an anatomo-clinical entity]. AB - The authors report 2 cases presenting with juvenile fibromatosis of the fingers. The disease was remarkable for its relapses and the presence of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions. The cause of this original anatomo-clinical entity is discussed. No argument was found in favor of a viral origin. PMID- 6667093 TI - [Herpetic encephalitis in infants and children. Methods of diagnosis]. AB - Thirteen infants and 2 children with Herpes simplex encephalitis are reported and the authors emphasize the diagnostic value of several investigations: the neurological examination (fits followed by early motor deficit on the same side and coma), the EEG (periodicity and asymmetry of the trace), the CT scan (hypodensity in the frontotemporal areas), the level of the Interferon alpha in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, the electrophoretic pattern of cerebrospinal fluid proteins and the comparative study of cerebrospinal fluid/serum antibodies towards several viral antigens. PMID- 6667094 TI - [Intracranial hypertension in pneumococcal meningitis. Reality, risks, treatment]. AB - The authors report the results of intracranial pressure measurements in 3 cases with pneumococcal meningitis. Severe intracranial hypertension should be quickly investigated and treated in cases rapidly leading to coma. PMID- 6667095 TI - [Epileptic apneas in the neonatal period]. AB - On the occasion of the reports of 6 cases, the authors summarize the clinical and electro-encephalographic features of apneic seizures, the value of polygraphic recordings to detect them, their poor prognosis and the contra-indication of xanthine treatment. PMID- 6667096 TI - [Chronic polyarthritis in cystic fibrosis]. AB - In a 8 year-old girl, presenting with cystic fibrosis and severe respiratory failure, a chronic polyarthritis with skin rashes occurred. Rheumatoid factor was lacking in the serum. Antibiotic treatments of the pulmonary infections resulted repeatedly in an improvement of both articular and cutaneous disorders. Thus, the trigger-action of the microbic infection was considered as the inducer of a "reactive arthritis". PMID- 6667098 TI - [Iconographic rubric. Kirner's anomaly]. PMID- 6667097 TI - [Ischemic porencephalia in the neonatal period. Echographic aspects]. AB - Repeated ultrasonographic examinations led to the discovery of multiple ischemic porencephalia in a premature twin. The ultrasonographic CT scan and neuropathologic correlations are described. The etiologic mechanism is discussed. PMID- 6667099 TI - Current trends in the incidence of senile and multi-infarct dementia. A prospective study of a total population followed over 25 years; the Lundby Study. AB - Organic brain syndromes among the elderly have been studied prospectively in a total population during the 25-year period 1947-1972. The population (2,550 persons) originates from a geographically delimited area in southern Sweden (Lundby). The original population has been followed for 25 years irrespective of domicile. A comparison of incidences for the first 10-year period (1947-1957) and the second 15-year period (1957-1972) shows a decrease in organic brain syndromes in the population concerning multi-infarct as well as senile dementias. PMID- 6667100 TI - Cervico-ocular responses (COR) during slow sinusoidal head movements in subjects with bilateral labyrinthine lesions. AB - Eye movements in five patients with chronic bilateral labyrinthine loss were tested with sinusoidal movements during cervico-ocular stimulation and active head movements (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2s-1; 20, 40, and 60 degrees) and were compared with healthy subjects. Consideration was given to saccadic activity and slow phase velocity of nystagmus and overall gaze shift. The cervico-ocular response was not altered in the patients. During active pendular head movements the saccadic activity and slow phase velocity of nystagmus were more reduced than the eye shifts. The phase relation of eye shifts was not changed. In our patients neck to eye responses did not compensate for the abolished vestibulo-ocular reflex. PMID- 6667101 TI - Elimination and pharmacological effects following single oral doses of 50 and 75 mg of amitriptyline in man. AB - In a companion paper we described the disposition of a 75 mg single dose of amitriptyline in normal volunteers who were phenotyped as extensive or poor metabolizers of debrisoquine and bufuralol, and had a four-fold range in the oral clearance of the antidepressant, 50 mg of amitriptyline was also administered to the same volunteers. This paper compares the results after both doses and suggests that the disposition of amitriptyline is linear even in subjects with a low oral clearance. There was no relation between the pharmacokinetic data and the intensity of sedation or of psychomotor impairment. PMID- 6667102 TI - [Laterality of hospitalized endogenous-depression patients]. AB - Compared to normals, groups of inpatients with unipolar and involutional depression show a higher proportion of consistent right-handers, whereas bipolar patients do not differ from normals. All patient-groups show a clearly higher proportion of persons with a "dominance" of the right thumb when habitually clasping the hands or fingers. The variables "eyedness" and "familial sinistrality" do not show significant differences between groups. When drawing geometric figures in a bimanual-coordinated fashion, all patient groups demonstrate a prevalence of simultaneous counter-clockwise drawing with both hands, whereas normals overwhelmingly prefer a discordant mode of drawing, the left hand acting counter-clockwise and the right hand clockwise. We interpret this behavior in depressives to be an expression of an interhemispheric functional relationship in which the left hemisphere is subordinated to the right hemisphere. PMID- 6667103 TI - Evaluation of contingencies and conditional probabilities. A psychophysiological approach to anhedonia. AB - Slow brain potentials, evoked potentials and autonomic responses were investigated in anhedonic subjects and controls. The distribution of physical anhedonia (PA) scores from different samples (students, soldiers, schizophrenics, depressives) is compared. Within a S1-S2 reaction time paradigm, an additional, S2-similar stimulus was introduced during the anticipation interval in 50% of trials (pseudorandom). Subjects had to press the button only to the S2. The additional stimulus (AS) elicits a distinct positive deflection. Anhedonics show larger pre-AS negativity and less reduction in negativity after the S2 (PINV) than controls. The slow wave to S1 as well as the pre-AS negativity vary with the conditional probability of the AS, but to a lesser extent in anhedonics. Anhedonics provide more preparatory negativity prior to and following ambiguous or difficult discrimination tasks, but at the frontal site. Results may suggest impaired contingency evaluation in anhedonic subjects. PMID- 6667104 TI - Deprivation in childhood and life events in depression. AB - The study reported in this article is part of a larger investigation of life events and depression approached from a multifactorial point of view. In total 83 patients, participating in a larger study of depression, have also participated in a study of parental rearing practices and of life events in relation to the onset of depression. From these patients information has also been obtained concerning the loss of a parent before the age of 15. In the present study patients (n = 33) who had been reared by rejecting mothers have been compared for the report of life events with patients (n = 28) reared by fewer stressful events than stimulated patients before becoming depressed. The results supported this hypothesis to some extent. In fact, the rejected patients reported that they experienced fewer events, however categorized than the stimulated ones. In this series 11 patients had lost one parent before the age of 15. No significant or otherwise consistent differences were found compared with those patients who had not lost parents during childhood. The results related to rearing practice are discussed in terms of individual vulnerability. Alternative explanations are also mentioned. PMID- 6667105 TI - Multivariate analysis of somatosensory evoked potential parameters in normal adults. AB - Cervical and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) to median nerve stimulation were recorded in 65 normal subjects. Absolute peak latencies and amplitudes of cervical components N9, P10, N11, N13, P17, and cortical components P16, N20, P25, and N35 were measured. By means of partial correlations the interdependency of SEP-features could be verified in addition to the well-known dependence on arm length and age. In certain respects our results replicate other studies finding significant correlations between age and latency of early SEP components as well as inverse relations between age and cervical amplitudes. Further analysis disclosed high inter-correlations between the latencies and between the amplitudes of the cervical and cortical components also revealing a certain exceptional position of the positive wave P17. In contrast to an inverse relation of amplitude and latency of the cervical components there were positive correlations between the respective features in the cortical evoked response. The findings are discussed with regard to the current knowledge about the origins of the SEP-components. PMID- 6667106 TI - [Validity of the syndrome scales in the AMDP-system]. AB - To examine the validity of the syndrome scales of the AMDP system, various diagnostic groups as defined by the ICD were described by these scales and distinguished from each other by discriminant analyses. As a comparison the same diagnostic groups were distinguished using the syndrome scales of the AMP system. The analyses using the AMDP system were performed in a sample of 659 patients of the Psychiatric Clinic of the Free University of Berlin during 1979-1980, the analyses with the AMP system in a sample of 2269 patients of the same clinic during the period 1971-1976. It could be shown that different endogenous and organic psychoses as well as neuroses can be described in their psychopathology and discriminated from each other by means of the syndrome scales of the AMDP system. The validity of the syndrome scales in relation to this criterion could be proved. Moreover, we found a high similarity between the results with the AMDP system and the results with the AMP system, which demonstrates that the two systems compare well. PMID- 6667107 TI - Psychometric differentiation of biogenic and psychogenic impotence. AB - In a sequential clinical sample of 64 subjects exclusively diagnosed as either biogenically or functionally impotent, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Psychological Inventory (CPI) standard scales and the Beutler, et al., MMPI signs were all found to be ineffective in reliably classifying patients into the correct diagnostic groupings. Specific item analysis of the MMPI and CPI did identify a significant number of significantly differentiating individual items. Most of these items were shown to be reliably characterizable as indicating either performance anxiety or somatic complaint. Using these classifications of the items, the performance anxiety items were shown, consistent with theory, to be clearly associated with the functional impotence group. The somatic complaint items were shown to be clearly associated with the biogenic impotence group, presumably reflecting the symptoms of physiopathology, such as diabetes, underlying the biogenic condition. PMID- 6667108 TI - Effects of sex education on sexual guilt, anxiety, and attitudes: a comparison of instruction formats. AB - Previous sex education research has neglected to examine systematically the effects of different types of instruction formats. In the present study, 193 undergraduates were assigned to one of the following conditions: (1) lecture only; (2) small group discussion only; (3) lecture + small group discussion; (4) lecture + extra lecture/review; and (5) no intervention control. Pre- and posttest measures assessed the dimensions of sexual guilt, sexual attitudes, and sexual anxiety. Results revealed significantly greater reductions in sexual guilt for the lecture only, lecture + small group discussion, and lecture + extra lecture/review conditions than for the no intervention control condition. Significantly greater changes in the direction of more tolerant sexual attitudes were found for the small group discussion only and lecture + extra lecture/review conditions than for the no intervention control condition. No other significant results were found. Contrary to expectation, the addition of 9 hours of small group discussion to a semester-long lecture format course did not result in significantly greater positive changes on the dimensions assessed than those achieved by lecture alone. The implications of these findings for the design of sex education courses are discussed. Recommendations for future research include assessment of the long-term effects of sex education on dimensions such as quality of sexual adjustment and consistency of contraceptive usage. PMID- 6667109 TI - Gender reorientation and psychosocial adjustment in male-to-female transsexuals. AB - This study examined the relationship, in a sample of male-to-female transsexuals, between psychological and social adjustment, on the one hand, and gender reorientation (approximation of the status of the opposite biological sex), on the other. Three gender reorientation variables were studied: exogenous female hormones, vaginoplasty, and social feminization (adoption of the female gender role at home and in the transsexual's social life and the procurement of documents indicating the female sex). These three gender reorientation variables plus age were employed as predictor variables in a series of multiple regression analyses. Five stepwise regression analyses were carried out, one for each of five criterion variables (depression, tension, involvement with a male partner, cohabitation with a male partner, and the MMPI Lie Scale). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between depression and social feminization and between tension and social feminization, and a significant positive correlation between cohabitation with a male partner and vaginoplasty. Neither the MMPI Lie Scale nor the simple fact of having been "involved" with a male partner at some point during the past year correlated significantly with any of the predictor variables. These results indicate that gender reorientation is associated with better psychological and social adjustment in male-to-female transsexuals. PMID- 6667110 TI - Measuring physical aggressiveness in heterosexual, homosexual, and transsexual males. AB - The purpose of this study was the development of a self-report measure of boyhood aggressiveness for use with adult males. Aggressiveness was defined as a generalized disposition to engage in physically combative or competitive interactions with male peers. This attribute is of sexological interest because of the reported difference in physical aggressiveness between heterosexual and homosexual boys. A physical aggressiveness scale (PAS) was constructed from items regarding boyhood athletic interest and proficiency, as well as fighting with and feelings of unease around male peers. The PAS and Part A of the Feminine Gender Identity Scale for males (FGIS(A), Freund et al., 1977) were administered to 193 adult men. The PAS was shown to be reliable and factorially pure. The PAS scores of homosexuals were significantly lower than those of heterosexuals, and the scores of male-to-female transsexuals were lower yet. No differences were found among three heterosexual groups: prison inmates and nonuniversity- and university educated males. Precisely symmetrical results were obtained with the FGIS(A), with the male-to-female transsexuals scoring highest and the heterosexuals lowest. Group differences in FGIS(A) scores were greater than those in PAS scores; this was interpreted as possible evidence that physical aggressiveness is more sensitive than gender identity to variables uncorrelated with erotic preference, e.g., perceptual-motor ability, rate of physical maturation, etc. The main results suggest that whatever underlying factor relates homosexuality to feminine gender identity in childhood relates this erotic preference to anomalously low levels of physical aggressiveness in childhood as well. PMID- 6667111 TI - The sexual and affectional attitudes and experiences of Australian adolescents during dating: the effects of age, church attendance, type of school, and socioeconomic class. AB - The dating attitudes and behaviors of Australian youth were studied. Both sexual and affectional attitudes and behaviors were examined. The influence of the following factors was assessed: stages of dating, age, socioeconomic status, church attendance, and type of school attended. Psychosexual and psychoaffectional scales were used to measure dating orientation. Findings suggest that factors influencing sexual orientation are the stage of dating, age, church attendance, and type of school attended. Factors influencing psychoaffectional orientation are stage of dating, church attendance, and type of school attended. One important verification to emerge from the research was that the psychosexual and psychoaffectional orientations were not opposite poles of a single continuum but were totally independent dimensions. It is possible to score high or low on both dimensions depending on past experience, present attitudes and the nature of the present relationship. Further, the male psychoaffectional orientation was not markedly different from the female orientation, as has been previously suggested. PMID- 6667112 TI - Some features of Australian exhibitionists compared with pedophiles. AB - In an attempt to extend the findings of previous research and to investigate the hypothesis of a link between exhibitionism and pedophilia, samples of Australian offenders undergoing presentence psychiatric assessment were compared on a number of variables. The data suggested that the exhibitionists and pedophiles in the sample represented different populations: the exhibitionists were younger, tended to come from more stable and harmonious families, and had superior school and work records. The common assumption of disinhibition as a feature of exhibitionism was questioned on the basis of the finding that almost no exhibitionists were intoxicated at the time of their offense. PMID- 6667113 TI - "Homophobia" or homosexual bias reconsidered. AB - Recent investigation into negative reactions to homosexuals has yielded a new concept, homophobia. This concept has been used to describe cultural, attitudinal, and personal biases against homosexuals. Such a broad usage of the concept threatens to restrict understanding of negative reactions to homosexuals, and to restrict more useful investigations into the possible sources of homosexual bias. It is suggested that the concept of homophobia be abandoned in favor of another concept such as homosexual bias, except in rare cases where anxiety arousal leads to overt phobic avoidance. It is hoped that this clarification will open up new areas of investigation and lead to a deeper understanding of negative reactions to homosexuals on social and personal levels. PMID- 6667115 TI - Neuroendocrine predisposition for homosexuality. PMID- 6667114 TI - Development and use of self-report techniques for assessing sexual functioning: a review and critique. AB - This is a review and chronological perspective on the development of self-report measures designed to describe an individual's sexual functioning. It includes scales that provide data on both heterosexual and homosexual behavior. Attitude scales are also included, but only those that reflect an individual's attitudes toward his own or his partner's behavior. Two classes of self-report measures are evaluated: (1) unidimensional scales that are relatively short and restricted in the information they supply; and (2) multidimensional inventories or questionnaires that elicit a wider variety of information. Available psychometric data are provided, and the measures are critically examined from both a research and a clinical point of view. It was concluded that unidimensional scales are probably more useful for research settings, while multidimensional inventories appear to have greater potential in clinical settings. All the test instruments reviewed would benefit from refinements, and recommendations are made that additional validity studies be conducted and more normative data be provided. PMID- 6667116 TI - Studies on phenoxy acid herbicides. I. Field study. Occupational exposure to phenoxy acid herbicides (MCPA, dichlorprop, mecoprop and 2,4-D) in agriculture. AB - In the presented study we wanted to establish a biological monitoring of exposure in farmers occupationally exposed to phenoxy acid herbicides (MCPA, dichlorprop mecoprop, and 2,4-D). The individual airborn concentrations were measured as well as the urinary concentration before, during and after exposure. Twentyfour male farmers and nine professional spray-men were studied and compared. The air concentrations were low, less than 0.001-0.1 micrograms/m3. Urinary concentrations were variable less than 0.05-12 micrograms/ml (MCPA). Uptake by dermal absorption seems to be dominant, swallowing of sprayed droplets and inhalation are possible routes of entrance. Urinary concentrations of phenoxy acid herbicides (MCPA, dichlorprop, and mecoprop) measured at the end of an exposure period or preferably the following morning could be used to give a reflection of recent exposure. PMID- 6667117 TI - Studies on phenoxy acid herbicides. II. Oral and dermal uptake and elimination in urine of MCPA in humans. AB - Five healthy volunteers were given 15 micrograms MCPA per kg body weight. The highest concentration in plasma, 0.15 micrograms/ml, was found after 1 h. In urine the excretion during the first 6 h was 0.46 microgram/min and 40% of given dose was excreted during the first 24 h. About 1 g of MCPA emulsion was applied on the skin of the thigh and was washed away after 2 h. Plasma level slowly increased with maximum, 0.12 micrograms/ml, after 24 h. In urine a slow excretion continued for up to 5 days later with maximum 24-48 h after application. In agricultural field exposure urinary MCPA should be estimated immediately after stop of exposure as well as 24 h after exposure. Levels under 0.5 micrograms/ml of MCPA in urine might be used as a practical biological level for good work practice. In spot samples the concentration of urine must be considered. PMID- 6667118 TI - A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. AB - A method for the investigation of the acute toxicity of an unknown chemical substance, with an estimation on the LD50, is described. Using this, it is possible to obtain with 13 experimental animals adequate information on the acute toxicity and on the LD50. This method has no limitations and applies to drugs, agricultural and industrial chemicals. It can be used for every route of administration. PMID- 6667119 TI - Effects of single exposure to cadmium on the primary humoral antibody response. AB - Effects of a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cadmium (Cd) on the primary humoral antibody responses against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in mice were studied by assaying splenic plaque forming cells (PFC). PFC responses in mice were suppressed when exposed to Cd 2 days after immunization, and inconsistently stimulated when exposed before immunization. Dose-response relationships were observed in the suppressive effect of Cd exposure 2 days after immunization, but not consistently in the stimulative effect of Cd exposure before immunization. Thymus weights and cell numbers decreased markedly 4 days after Cd exposure with or without the antigenic stimulus. Splenic weights increased 2 days after Cd exposure, while the number of spleen cells was dramatically decreased 1 days after Cd exposure and still remained below normal 2 days after exposure. PMID- 6667120 TI - Effects of oral, subchronic cadmium administration on fertility, prenatal and postnatal progeny development in rats. AB - Cadmium chloride was administered by gavage to female rats 5 days a week for 5 weeks, then during mating and gestation periods at doses of 0.04, 0.4, and 4 mg Cd/kg/day. Treatment with cadmium neither affected the survival and fertility of females, nor produced overt fetotoxic effects. Fetal cadmium concentration was not related to the level of exposure. Litter size, body weight gain and viability of offspring during 2 months after parturition were similar in all groups. The exploratory locomotor activity of 2-month-old males and females born to rats given 0.4 and 4 mg Cd/kg/day was significantly reduced. The progeny of cadmium treated females showed decreased performance in the rotarod test. In general, the degree of behavioral impairment was dose-related. PMID- 6667121 TI - The effect of methylmercury on the distribution and excretion of selenium by the guinea pig. AB - The influence of methylmercury (MeHg) on the tissue and subcellular binding of selenium was determined. Adult female guinea pigs received either 75Se (as sodium selenite) or MeHg (as chloride) followed 5 h later by an equimolar dose of 75Se. Animals were sacrificed 1, 3, 7, and 13 days after administration. Pretreatment with MeHg significantly altered the organ distribution of 75Se, particularly during the first week of the study. 75Se concentrations were markedly reduced in most organs of animals receiving both 75Se and MeHg except the liver, which contained markedly elevated 75Se levels. The subcellular distribution of 75Se was also altered by MeHg. Within liver, kidney and brain, 75Se was primarily bound to nuclear and mitochondrial fractions in both treatment groups, but nuclear binding was higher in animals receiving both compounds. Within nuclear fractions, most 75Se was bound to insoluble-nonhistone proteins. In the presence of MeHg, total nuclear binding of 75Se increased, but total binding to insoluble-nonhistone proteins decreased. MeHg also reduced the total 75Se binding to high molecular weight proteins of the soluble fraction. Alterations in tissue and subcellular binding of MeHg and Se may contribute to the lower degree of toxicity observed in animals receiving both compounds. PMID- 6667122 TI - Fate and specific tissue retention of toxaphene in mice. AB - Series of female virgin and pregnant albino mice were i.v. injected with 14C labelled- or unlabelled toxaphene (16 mg/kg b.w.). After survival times ranging from 1 min to 32 days the toxaphene distribution in the body was studied using whole-body autoradiography and capillary gas-chromatography. Autoradiographic studies have shown that after an initial accumulation in the liver, brown fat, lung, brain, kidney, and ovaria (corpora lutea) there was a gradual redistribution of radioactivity to the white fat within 4 h postinjection. The labelling was then decreasing rapidly and only negligible amounts of the radioactivity were present in the adipose tissue after 32 days. In the fetus only the liver and adrenals showed a distinct labelling. A specific and persistent accumulation of the label was detected in some zones of the adrenal cortex suggesting a possible direct interference of toxaphene with adrenal steroid hormone synthesis. The gas chromatographic pattern of toxaphene-derived residues in the tissue samples resembled that of the technical toxaphene, but was changing in different tissues with the time. The liver chromatograms indicated more extensive formation of metabolites. PMID- 6667123 TI - New method for quantitative measurement of N-nitrosodimethylamine formation in the whole mouse. AB - A simple method for the quantitative estimation of the formation of N nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in mice has been developed. Mice were frozen in liquid nitrogen and homogenized. NDMA was then extracted and analyzed by a gas chromatograph equipped with a thermal energy analyzer. In normal mice NDMA (100 nmole) administered orally was rapidly metabolized and recovery of NDMA was about 10% after 60 min. However, when pyrazole (300 mg/kg) was injected i.p. to mice 60 min before the administration of NDMA, more than 80% of the administered NDMA could be recovered within 60 min. This result suggested that in pyrazole pretreated mice the accurate amount of NDMA formed could be estimated. Therefore the NDMA formation was measured in the pyrazole pretreated mice. When 0.25 mumole of aminopyrine and from 0.25 to 2.0 mumole of sodium nitrite were simultaneously administered orally, the amount of the NDMA formation in 20 min was found to be from 8.2 to 60.3 nmole. These values are equal to about from 30 to 200 micrograms/kg of body weight which are nearly daily doses expected to cause the carcinogenic effect on mice or rats. This method of measuring NDMA in pyrazole pretreated mice appears to be useful for investigating the in vivo formation of NDMA quantitatively. PMID- 6667125 TI - [Diagnosis of Hymenoptera hypersensitivity by skin testing and RAST]. PMID- 6667126 TI - [Measurement of IgG antibodies specific to Dermatophagoides farinae by IgG-RAST- comparison with a double antibody antigen-binding assay and protein A solid-phase radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 6667124 TI - Cytosolic epoxide hydrolase in fetal and adult human liver. AB - The epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase activity towards styrene oxide as substrate were investigated and compared in fetal and adult human liver cytosols. The rate of formation of styrene glycol from styrene oxide (nmole/min/mg protein) was 0.23 +/- 0.02 (means +/- SE; n = 10) in fetal and 0.83 +/- 0.05 (means +/- SE; n = 14) in adult liver specimens. The enzyme followed Michealis-Menten kinetics in the fetal liver. In adult liver specimens the enzyme showed biphasic kinetics. For comparative purposes, the cytosolic glutathione S transferase activity was investigated in the cytosolic fractions from the same liver specimens. The fetal activity was 40% of the adult activity 3.9 +/- 0.50 (means +/- SE; n = 10) versus 9.94 +/- 1.75 (means +/- SE; n = 14) nmoles/min/mg protein. PMID- 6667127 TI - [Effect of oral aminophylline on the result of the immediate intradermal skin test in asthmatic children--its relation to the serum theophylline level]. PMID- 6667128 TI - Lipid peroxide formation in liver cells, induced by antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxic reaction. PMID- 6667129 TI - [IgG antibody in Japanese cedar pollenosis patients. II. Effects of desensitization and seasonal exposure to cedar pollen on IgG and IgE antibodies in the serum and nasal secretions]. PMID- 6667130 TI - [Direct projections of the thalamic centrum medianum in the cerebral cortex of the cat (radioautographic studies)]. AB - After injection of radioactive amino acids into the cat thalamic centrum medianum, its projections have been revealed in the ipsilateral hemisphere in the frontal, motor, limbic, orbital and basal temporal cortex, in the parasubiculum and striatum. The anterograde tracing of the fibers and terminals reveals the centrum medianum projections in the layers VI-V and I of the frontal and limbic cortex and in the layers VI-V, IV or III (or in both) and in I of the motor and orbital cortex. PMID- 6667131 TI - [Microvascular network of the caudal part of the trunk and caudal fins in dolphins]. AB - The medial caudal artery, being a continuation of the aorta, ensures blood transport to all tissues of the caudal part of the dolphin body and its caudal fins. The branches of this artery are accompanied with some veins (complex vessels). In the microcirculatory bed there are many arteriolo-venulous anastomoses. The greatest attention of the author has been paid to the capillaries of the dermal pappilae which deeply penetrate into epidermis. It is possible to think that in this way: a) thermoregulation is improved; b) a greater hydroelastic effect is reached; c) epidermis blood supply is facilitated; d) certain conditions are created for synthesis of the dermal excretion. PMID- 6667132 TI - [Changes in the microcirculatory bed and blood microcirculation in the mesentery of the small intestine of rabbits with experimental hypercholesterolemia]. AB - By means of vital microscopy and some histological techniques, the dynamics of rearrangements occurring in the microcirculatory blood bed of the small intestine mesentery and changes in its blood stream have been studied in rabbits kept on the atherogenic diet for 2, 3 and 6 months. With increasing time of the experiment, diameter of arterioles and precapillaries grow smaller, the circulation rate in all groups of microvessels become slower. Capillaries, precapillaries and postcapillaries undergo reduction, the capillaries are the first to reduce and the process is most pronounced in them. Thus, under the experimental hypercholesteremia reduction of the metabolic blood flow takes place; it is possibly resulted from decreased diameters of the afferent microvessels, changes in rheological properties of blood and reduction of the metabolic microvessels owing to their prolonged switching off the circulation. PMID- 6667133 TI - [Effect of thyroidectomy on the histochemical and electrophysiological properties of the soleus muscle in rats]. AB - In the musculus soleus of mature male rats, 6 weeks after thyroidectomy, muscle fibers with a low adenosin triphosphatase activity of myosin decrease in number, as well as the cross section area of the muscle fibers with a moderate and high activity of the enzyme. Optic density of the muscle fibers staining also decreases when succinatedehydrogenase activity is determined histochemically. There is no change in the rest membrane potential and in the character of the muscle fiber membrane sensitivity to acetylcholine. The change in the muscle fiber histochemical properties is combined with chromatolysis in the motor neurons of the spinal cord ventral horns. PMID- 6667134 TI - [Changes in the combined activity of the thyroid and the fascicular zone of the adrenal cortical substance in the development of subcutaneous connective tissue inflammation during prolactin administration]. AB - As demonstrate the experiments performed in white male rats, during development of an inflammatory reaction, some essential fluctuations take place in nicotinamide dinucleotide. H2 (HAD.H2), nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate. H2 (NADPh.H2), glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G-6-PhDH), monoaminoxydase (MAO) activities and in content of ascorbic acid in the fascicular zone of the adrenals and the same enzymes in the thyroid follicular cells. There is a reverse connection between the adrenal fascicular zone and the thyroid gland activity. At inflammation, prolactin increases MAO and G-6-PhDH activity in thyrocytes and adrenocorticocytes of the adrenal fascicular zone, changes correlation between NAD.H2-DG and NADPh.H2-DG activities. At an acute inflammation, prolactin activates the thyroid gland function, and during the reparative period--decreases it. During the inflammation period, prolactin administration decreases contingency of the indices in the thyroid gland-adrenals systems, that is to say produces a dissociative effect; it is, perhaps, connected with certain changes in balance and a mediatory role of biogenic amines. PMID- 6667135 TI - [Compensatory hypertrophy of the parathyroid glands in rats]. AB - In 40 rats 0.5-41 days after hemiparathyroidectomy the state of the contralateral organ has been studied. Thirty-eight intact animals have been used as controls. The function of the unoperated gland is considered according to the total calcium content in blood serum. The mitotic index of parathyrocytes is calculated, nucleometric and stereologic investigation of the preparations is performed. Calcium level in the test animals' blood moderately decreases on the 2d-3d days and becomes normal in 4 days. Regeneration of the remained parathyroid gland occurs at the expense of an increased mitotic activity of the main cells from the 3d up to the 11th day and by means of hyperplasia of the nucleoli and hypertrophy of cytoplasm in epitheliocytes. The weight of the hypertrophied organ is, on the 20th, day, 77, and on the 41st day--61% of the total weight of the parathyroid glands in the control rats. Analysing dynamics of 13 quantitative parameters, it is possible to reveal certain stages of the process: the latent stage (the first 24 hours), the restorative period (the 2d--the 16th day), the normalization and stabilization of the morphometrical indices (the 19th--the 41st day). PMID- 6667136 TI - [Seasonal dynamics of cellular mitotic activity in the adenohypophysis and adrenal cortex of normal rats and under the stress reaction]. AB - The experiments have been performed in 162 white non-inbred male rats. The animals are sacrificed on the third week of every month between 11 A. M. and 13 P. M. Some essential changes in the mitotic coefficient (MC) are noted in the organs of the hypophysis-adrenal system during 1 year. In the intact rats adenohypophysis the MC reaches its maximum in March, and in September in drops to its minimal value. In the glomerular and the fascicular-retinal zones of the intact animal adrenal cortex, two periods with an elevated mitotic activity are noted during the annual cycle (in spring and in autumn). Formalin stress produces a decrease in the adenohypophysis, and in the fascicular-retinal zone of the adrenal cortex--an increase of the MC. In the fascicular-retinal zone there is not any reaction only in May and June. Perhaps, the reason is in some seasonal changes of reactivity of the zone mentioned to ACTH. The seasonal dynamics of the MC in the hypophysis-adrenal system organs is in general maintained under the stress. PMID- 6667137 TI - Incidence and costs of hepatitis B in health care personnel in Arizona. PMID- 6667139 TI - Premature labor. PMID- 6667138 TI - Recent experience with brain abscess at the Barrow Neurological Institute. PMID- 6667140 TI - The key to diagnosing atopic dermatitis. PMID- 6667141 TI - The family and chronic disease. PMID- 6667142 TI - Impotence: an overview and a solo practitioner's experience in it's surgical correction. PMID- 6667143 TI - Observations on preventable mortality in Maricopa County 1980-1981. PMID- 6667144 TI - Vitamin A research. PMID- 6667145 TI - [Magnesium in cardiology]. PMID- 6667146 TI - [Alpha-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and other serum lipid fractions in subjects of low socioeconomic level with healed myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6667147 TI - [Ergometric evaluation of left ventricular function. Value of systolic blood pressure and tolerance to exercise]. PMID- 6667148 TI - [The Holt-Oram syndrome with patency of the common AV canal, complete form. Report of a case]. PMID- 6667149 TI - [Constrictive pericarditis causing abnormal protein-loss through the digestive tract. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6667150 TI - [Interstitial pneumonia associated with the use of amiodarone. Report of a case]. PMID- 6667151 TI - [Myocardial protection during extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6667152 TI - [Digitalis poisoning: electrophysiology, clinical aspects and therapeutics]. PMID- 6667153 TI - [Prazosin in moderate or severe essential arterial hypertension not controlled with chlorthalidone. A multicenter study]. PMID- 6667154 TI - [The physician and statistics]. PMID- 6667155 TI - [Influence of collateral coronary circulation on the extent of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6667156 TI - [Left ventricular dynamics in complete transposition of the great arteries]. PMID- 6667157 TI - [Analysis of the ergometric test in symptomatic patients in the detection of coronary disease. New criteria]. PMID- 6667158 TI - [Re-study of patients subjected to myocardial revascularization]. PMID- 6667159 TI - [Cardiorespiratory responses to prolonged submaximal exercise]. PMID- 6667160 TI - [An unusual complication of cardiac valve prosthesis. Report of a case]. PMID- 6667161 TI - [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the normal gravidopuerperal cycle and in hypertensive disease proper in pregnancy]. PMID- 6667162 TI - [Effects of amiodarone on the elastic properties of the left ventricle in chronic Chagas' cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6667163 TI - [Radioisotopic cineventriculography during physical exercise in patients with coronary disease. Evaluation of the effects of propatyl nitrate]. PMID- 6667164 TI - Pregnancy gingivitis and estimation of oxygen consumption in gingival tissue. PMID- 6667165 TI - On-line computer system for storage and retrieval of perinatal records. PMID- 6667166 TI - Coagulation system in toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 6667167 TI - Human placental lactogen levels determined by the latex agglutination method in diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 6667168 TI - Identification of affected sites in fetal gastroduodenal obstructions by real time ultrasonic tomography. PMID- 6667169 TI - Relation of the site of congenital upper gastrointestinal obstruction to amniotic fluid bilirubin concentration. PMID- 6667170 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly. PMID- 6667171 TI - Effects of domperidone on serum prolactin levels in rats with hypothalamic deafferentation. PMID- 6667172 TI - Biological distribution of oncofetal antigen-I (OFA-I) in gynecologic tumors and trophoblastic tissues. PMID- 6667173 TI - Some current concepts of cochlear mechanics. AB - The development of the current concepts is reviewed in historical perspective. Helmholtz's hypothesis of basilar-membrane resonance was partially confirmed and partially defeated by Bekesy's experiments on models and postmortem cochlear preparations. He discovered that sound was propagated in the cochlea in the form of traveling waves which reached a flat maximum at a frequency-dependent location. Mathematical theory explained this type of sound propagation as a special case of surface waves. Johnstone and his coworkers discovered that the maximum of cochlear vibration in living animals was much sharper than postmortem, and more recently Khanna and Johnstone independently determined the maximum to be nearly as sharp as the tuning curves of the inner hair cells and the auditory nerve fibers. These findings, together with the work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on alligator lizards, have led to new concepts of cochlear mechanics which include hypothesized micromechanical processes in the organ of Corti. These concepts deal not only with the sharpness of basilar membrane tuning but also with the details of the basilar-membrane amplitude and phase characteristics, as well as with the hair cell and neural tuning curves and response phases. They suggest that some sharpening of the tuning curves occurs between the basilar membrane and hair-cell responses. Such sharpening has been demonstrated in lizards, but in the mammalian ear, the relation is less clear. PMID- 6667174 TI - Micromechanics of the reptilian ear. AB - This paper reviews selected physiology and anatomy of the lizard peripheral auditory system and presents the implications of these data for understanding cochlear micromechanics. The reasons for studying the micromechanics of the lizard ear are presented along with the difficulties in conducting such studies in the mammal. Data from the Anguid and Iguanid families of lizards demonstrate the influence of the hair cell system on neural tuning. In addition, evidence from the Iguanid suggests that cilium length may help determine neural tonotopic organization. In general, the reptilian research presented shows the importance of the hair cell system for determining the tuning of associated nerve fibers and in understanding the transduction process in general. PMID- 6667175 TI - A simple model of cochlear micromechanics in the mammal and lizard. AB - A model is presented which is a simple representation of cochlear micromechanics in the lizard and mammal. The model is a linear, time-invariant mechanical system, consisting of two coupled mechanical filters. It is capable of a sharply tuned first and second filter, consistent with the sharply tuned basilar membrane and auditory nerve fibers in the mammal. When parameters are adjusted for the alligator lizard (Gerrhonotus multicarinatus), the model generates a sharply tuned second filter without a sharply tuned first filter. In the alligator lizard, the auditory nerve fibers are sharply tuned but the basilar membrane is not. The model supports the hypothesis that cochlear transduction is not fundamentally different in the mammal and the alligator lizard. PMID- 6667176 TI - Treatment of depression in general practice. AB - In the management of depression only two forms of the condition need consideration: psychotic depression (usually severe) requiring treatment with antidepressants, ECT or both; and 'other' depressions, for which psychotherapy is the treatment of first choice. The selection of therapy depends on the personality integration of, and the stresses on, the patient. General practitioners are encouraged to understand and use crisis intervention and supportive therapy techniques. If the depression does not respond to these techniques within a few weeks the diagnosis should be reviewed for physical illness, psychosis and drug abuse. Trial of antidepressant drug therapy may be warranted before referral. PMID- 6667177 TI - Face up to it. PMID- 6667178 TI - 'Doctor I can't sleep at night'. AB - Insomnia is a common problem in medical practice. When the patient says 'Doctor I can't sleep at night' the cause should be identified from stress, psychological disturbance, physical symptoms, disease, drugs or environmental or idiopathic factors. A behavioural strategy focusing on relaxation and methods for stimulus control is presented. PMID- 6667179 TI - How to cope with the manipulative patient. An opinion. AB - Doubtless there are those who would dismiss this essay in the belief that it has no application to them. Doctors pride themselves on their professional manipulative skills but might deny the existence of similar skills in patients. PMID- 6667181 TI - The sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 6667180 TI - Antidepressants: 1983. AB - Depressive illness is one of the most common conditions in medical practice. Early recognition is a test of the alertness and acumen of the practitioner. Clinical observation and judgement are the most accurate methods of assessing the patient's improvement--or lack of it--during treatment. PMID- 6667182 TI - Faecal disimpaction. PMID- 6667183 TI - GP obstetrics. A rational approach. PMID- 6667184 TI - Febrile convulsions. PMID- 6667185 TI - Menopause and climacteric symptoms warrant treatment. PMID- 6667186 TI - Minor gynaecology of the climacteric. AB - The climacteric is a transitional phase of one to five years during which the genital organs involute in response to the cessation of gonadal activity. During the climacteric women suffer a range of gynaecological disorders. The patient's worries discussed in this article are particularly pertinent to general practice. PMID- 6667187 TI - Ds and Cs: do's and don'ts. AB - Curettage of the uterus was introduced by Recamier in 1843 to remove fungosities. After a dubious reception the procedure fell into disrepute, to be reintroduced in France by Simon in 1872. Now it is one of the most frequently performed diagnostic procedures and has attained a ritualistic status in the management of diseases of women. Of the 125,000 curettages on the insured population of Australia in the year ending 31 August 1982, 25,000 were performed by general practitioners (Willett L. Personal communication; June 1983). PMID- 6667189 TI - 'Golfer's calf' or is it? Authentic case histories from Australian general practice illustrating pitfalls in diagnosis and management. PMID- 6667188 TI - More about natural family planning. AB - When properly taught and practised, natural family planning can be a highly effective form of birth regulation. Recent studies indicate low failure rates of less than three pregnancies per 100 women years for couples with a strong motivation to follow the method. Studies show that pregnancy rates are high when the rules for avoiding pregnancy are not adhered to. Successful natural family planning can lead to heightened self esteem and marital enrichment. PMID- 6667190 TI - Face up to it. PMID- 6667191 TI - The many faces of herpes zoster. PMID- 6667193 TI - An innovative computer installation. AB - In association with the RACGP, the Department of Community Medicine at Monash University is engaged in a three year research and development project aimed at providing computer assistance for everyday general practice. The system includes a range of options such as drug information, preventive programmes (with patient recall) and patient and doctor education: it is not restricted to accounting and practice management statistics. For this development a new kind of computer hardware called a 'network' has been installed. PMID- 6667194 TI - Herpes simplex (cold sores). PMID- 6667192 TI - Adolescence: a family affair. AB - In 'The Winter's Tale' Shakespeare has an old shepherd say: "I would there were no age between ten and twenty three, or that youth would sleep out the rest; for there's nothing in between but getting wenches with child, wronging the ancientry, stealing and fighting." Shakespeare highlights that the risks and crises of adolescence are development of adult sexuality; separation from parents (the 'ancientry') and development of independence; and the expression of (and coping with) aggressive feelings. I would add a fourth task: formation of an identity and development of the adult mind. PMID- 6667195 TI - Acute gastroenteritis in children. PMID- 6667196 TI - Management of acute anaphylaxis. AB - Anaphylactic reactions are common in Australia and sometimes cause the death of a patient. It is important that undergraduate teaching and postgraduate instruction in the proper management be improved. Clear instructions to staff should be on display in all hospital departments which have direct patient involvement. PMID- 6667197 TI - A treatment for hypertrophic scars. PMID- 6667198 TI - Contusional eye injuries: retinal and choroidal lesions. AB - The fundi of 114 patients were evaluated one to 14 years following contusional eye injury. Most injuries to children occurred at sport and play. Domestic and civil assaults, sporting injuries and industrial accidents were common. Males in the second and third decades of life were predominantly affected. Iris tears, pupillary abnormalities and angle recession were typically associated with the fundal lesions. Contusional injuries of the retina and choroid were found in 92 patients and were graded according to their location, extent and severity. Twenty six patients (grade 1) had focal or diffuse disturbances of the inner or outer retina. In 15 patients the lesions predominantly affected the receptor-retinal pigment epithelial layers and in six patients there were associated breaks in Bruch's membrane. Five further patients had atrophic inner retinal alterations and lamellar holes at the macula. Most patients in this group retained good visual function. Thirty-six patients (grade 2) had single or multiple choroidal tears. In 21 instances the outer retina was primarily involved; however, in 15 cases there was associated inner retinal damage. Only three patients developed subretinal neovascularisation. Sixteen patients (grade 3) had extensive areas of chorioretinal atrophy associated with retinal pigment epithelial atrophy, proliferation, plaque and membrane formation. Fourteen patients (grade 4) developed retinal holes or tears and 10 proceeded to retinal detachment two weeks to 14 years following injury. Contusional retinal and choroidal lesions have an unfavourable visual prognosis, only 38.6% of patients regaining a visual acuity of 6/12 or better. PMID- 6667199 TI - The intermuscular septum of the inferior oblique muscle: revised concepts. AB - The classical anatomical descriptions of the inferior oblique muscle give little or no account of its intermuscular fascial septum. Operative and cadaver dissections show that a definite and constant fascial septum exists between the sheaths of the inferior oblique and the lateral and inferior recti. The clinical significance of this fascia is realised when it is pulled laterally, as its inner surface provides a guide to the inferior oblique sheath; also, when a muscle hook is placed under the lateral rectus muscle it may snag the septum and kink the inferior oblique and cause its overaction. The fascia forms a sling for the inferior oblique sheath and helps to maintain its line of action. For these reasons the intermuscular septum of the inferior oblique should be included in anatomical accounts of the ocular fascia and should be remembered during operations on the inferior oblique or lateral rectus muscles. PMID- 6667200 TI - The ophthalmological significance of the basal cell naevus syndrome. AB - Ten cases of the basal cell naevus syndrome (BCNS) are reported. The study is based on clinical findings with no investigations beyond two skull radiographs. The diagnosis is made on some or all of the following findings: family history, jaw cysts, progressive development of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), pitting of the palms and soles, frontal bossing, abnormality of the skeletal system and ectopic calcification. Eight of the cases are in one family covering three generations. With the exception of a one-year-old child in the third generation (not included) all of this group have the syndrome. The dominant trait is demonstrated, as is the high degree of expressivity and penetrance. Genetic counselling is essential where applicable. Sympathetic regular clinical examination over a lifetime is recommended to avoid disastrous complications. PMID- 6667201 TI - Evoked responses to distinct and nebulous stereoscopic stimuli. AB - When geometric or contoured shapes are generated as disparity regions in dynamic random-dot stereograms, the question of whether the subject's response is evoked largely by boundaries and corners of the disparate region arises. To examine this question a disparate square was shifted randomly within a focal region at one millisecond intervals, resulting in a nebulous stimulus which "welled up" in the centre of the field of view. The technique may be regarded as an analogue of the defocusing technique used to resolve similar questions about evoked potentials to patterned stimuli. Average visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded from homolateral pairs of occipital and posterior temporal electrodes referred to a common midline prefrontal site. The latencies and amplitudes of VEP to distinct and nebulous stimuli were compared in a group of young normal adults, of whom 14 succeeded in perceiving and 14 failed to perceive the presented stimuli. Latencies of maximal response to distinct and nebulous stimuli were closely similar in the two groups (range N242-N252). Mean amplitudes of the peak response differed between perceivers and non-perceivers. The responses to nebulous stimuli were smaller than those to distinct stimuli in site-for-site comparisons in both groups. Even in short averaging runs a substantial VEP (about 3 microvolt) was recorded to nebulous stimuli in the perceiver group. It is suggested that both disparity and boundary features contribute to the VEP when this particular display system is used. PMID- 6667202 TI - A clinicopathological report of a posterior chamber lens implant. AB - This report describes the clinical and pathological findings of a C-loop posterior chamber intraocular lens 73 days after implantation. The supporting loops of the optic were seated in the iridociliary sulcus for almost 300 degrees of its circumference. Morphological changes included minimal degranulation of the pigmented epithelium adjacent to the loop and moulding of the lens capsular remnant around the loop. There was no erosion into uveal tissue. These findings are discussed with reference to the shape of the haptic element of this lens. PMID- 6667203 TI - Dysplastic optic discs in association with transsphenoidal encephalocele and hypopituitary dwarfism: a case report. AB - A patient with a basal encephalocele, dysplastic optic discs and hypopituitary dwarfism is described. The importance of identifying associated structural defects and endocrine dysfunction in patients with dysplastic optic discs is emphasised. PMID- 6667204 TI - The effect of alcohol on the visual and ocular motor systems. AB - Alcohol is generally considered to be a central nervous system (CNS) depressant. This effect is progressive from higher cortical centres through to fundamental body functions. The effect of alcohol ingestion on the visual and ocular motor systems of ten healthy subjects was the basis of this study. Significant changes in the following resulted from the ingestion of 0.375 g/kg of 10% ethanol alcohol: prism measurements of deviations for near and distance, ocular movements, convergence near point, and visual acuity at six metres. No significant change was observed following testing of stereopsis or near visual acuity. PMID- 6667205 TI - Causes of binocular legal blindness in an australian metropolitan community. AB - Australian legal blindness is defined as bilateral corrected visual acuity less than 6/60; if visual acuity is better than this, collateral visual impairments may be included. Persons thus affected qualify for the Invalid Pension (Blindness). From October 1975 to June 1982, I studied clinical data of 311 persons assessed as legally blind, and recorded diagnoses. I personally examined 259 of these persons and a medical colleague examined 52. Examinees were resident in Brisbane (or environs), Australia. Eleven persons had asymmetrical conditions (analysed separately), and 300 had symmetrical conditions. Causes of the latter were genetically transmissible (20.3%), adult maculopathy (18%), congenital (12.7%), vascular (non-diabetic) (8.7%), adult glaucoma (8.3%), diabetes (7.3%), trauma (6%), and others (18.7%). Of 61 symmetrical genetic cases causes were retinitis pigmentosa (34.4%), congenital cataracts (16.4%), retinal dystrophy and maculopathy (13.1%), Leber's optic atrophy (9.8%), and others (26.3%). These results suggest that more attention should be directed to genetic counselling. PMID- 6667206 TI - Amaurosis fugax. PMID- 6667208 TI - Aplastic anemia. PMID- 6667207 TI - Demyelination in optic neuritis and its effects on the visual evoked potential. PMID- 6667209 TI - The activity of triclabendazole against immature and adult Fasciola hepatica infections in sheep. AB - The efficiency of a new benzimidazole anthelmintic, triclabendazole, was tested against cumulative infections with Fasciola hepatica aged 1 to 12 weeks in sheep and compared with that of rafoxanide. At 10 mg/kg, triclabendazole was 99% effective in eliminating both immature and adult flukes. At a lower dose rate of 5 mg/kg, triclabendazole was highly effective against adults and significantly reduced the number of early immature flukes with an 87% overall reduction of fluke burden. Rafoxanide at 7.5 mg/kg showed high efficiency against adult fluke, but its effect on immatures was not significant, and overall efficiency was 64%. PMID- 6667210 TI - Classification of Bacteroides nodosus by agglutination tests. AB - One thousand two hundred and sixty seven isolates of Bacteroides nodosus from 292 sheep in 58 flocks were examined. Of these, 1260 could be classified by slide agglutination into 8 serogroups designated A to H. Up to 6 serogroups were detected in individual flocks, with up to 4 serogroups being detected in a single foot. Of the 292 sheep examined, 38 (13%) carried mixed serogroup infections. Determination of the range of serological types infecting a flock frequently required the examination of a number of isolates from each of a number of sheep. Cross-tube agglutination tests carried out on 44 isolates and their antiserums indicated that members of some serogroups could be divisible into subgroups or serotypes. These results suggested that 16 or more serotypes of B. nodosus might exist. The nature of the antigens responsible for both slide and tube agglutination reactions needs to be determined. PMID- 6667211 TI - Onset and remission of ovine footrot. AB - Sheep exposed to uncontrolled outbreaks of footrot were observed on one farm for 3 successive years and on another for one year. Observations were made from mid winter to early summer. In each outbreak about 70% or more of sheep exposed to footrot acquired the disease. Natural remission occurred in each outbreak and some cases healed while new cases continued to develop. A feature of all outbreaks observed was that a much higher proportion of late onset cases healed than cases which developed early in the outbreaks. By contrast, 90% of sheep already affected before spring had lesions which persisted into next summer. It is suggested that there is a spectrum of resistance to footrot among sheep. This spectrum includes animals which remain chronically infected and those that do not become infected at all. Intermediate levels of resistance are reflected firstly in the time taken by different groups of sheep, to become affected after exposure and secondly, to heal after becoming affected. PMID- 6667212 TI - Pyometra and pyovagina in koalas. AB - Four female koalas were found to have pyometra and pyovagina at autopsy. All had soiling of fur around the cloaca and were in poor condition. One koala had cystic ovaries in addition to the pyometra while another had extensive peritonitis due to rupture of one of the uterine horns. Chronic cystitis was present in all koalas while one also had pyelonephritis. Microbiological examination revealed a mixed flora of both aerobes and anaerobes. PMID- 6667213 TI - Neonatal anaplasmosis in a calf. PMID- 6667214 TI - The dose rate of pancuronium bromide for horses. PMID- 6667215 TI - Selective breeding for rearing ability as an aid to improving lamb survival. AB - Lamb mortality to weaning age was compared in Merino flocks selectively bred from maternal ancestors with high or low lifetime rearing ability. The High Efficiency (HE) flock comprised the descendants of ewes that had reared lambs on 3 or all occasions from 4 rearing opportunities. The Low Efficiency (LE) flock comprised descendants of ewes that had failed to rear any progeny on 2, 3 or all occasions from 4 rearing opportunities. During the first 3 years of testing the response to selection the mean mortality to weaning among HE single lambs was 19.5% of lambs born compared with 32.3% in the LE flock (p less than 0.001). Mean mortality of twin lambs in the HE flock was 21.5% compared to 36.3% in the LE flock (p less than 0.01). In the HE flock significantly fewer single lambs died during and within 3h of birth and significantly fewer twins died during birth and shortly thereafter, and between 3h and 2 days of age. The viability of LE singles and twins may have been lower overall as the mortality rate in most periods was higher than that of their HE counterparts. The results highlighted the major impact of intrinsic maternal and, or foetal defects on lamb survival. It was concluded that rearing ability was heritable, and that selection for rearing ability offers excellent prospects for alleviating the hitherto intractable problem of high perinatal lamb mortality. PMID- 6667216 TI - Progressive interstitial pneumonia in goats. AB - Seven Anglo-Nubian goats, 5 months to 3 1/2 years old, developed clinical signs of increased respiratory rate, weight loss and exercise intolerance. Post-mortem examination of the goats revealed extensive consolidation of the lungs involving all lobes. Lesions, consisting of peribronchial and perivascular lymphoid cuffing, accumulations of homogeneous eosinophilic material in alveolar spaces, alveolar epithelialisation and thickening of alveolar septa as a result of lymphocytic infiltration, were detected histologically. A syncytial forming virus was consistently isolated from affected animals in explant cultures of lung, synovial membrane and choroid plexus. This agent had similar growth characteristics to the caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) virus and the possible relationship between the respiratory disease and the diseases caused by the CAE virus is discussed. PMID- 6667218 TI - Cryptosporidiosis in Arabian foals with severe combined immunodeficiency. PMID- 6667217 TI - Blood lead and urinary delta aminolevolonic acid (U-ALA) in the diagnosis of lead toxicosis of dogs. AB - A comparative evaluation of the usefulness of blood lead and urinary delta aminolevolonic acid estimations in the diagnosis of canine lead poisoning was made in 2 dogs which were given increasing quantities of lead by mouth for extended periods. In both lead administered dogs the blood lead levels remained elevated throughout the experimental period of 18 weeks. This contrasted with the results of U-ALA determinations in which elevated levels were detected only infrequently and at erratic intervals lacking relationship to lead exposure. PMID- 6667219 TI - Intoxication of two dogs by fruit of Brunfelsia australis. PMID- 6667220 TI - Blood lactate as a measure of work intensity in standardbred horses in training. PMID- 6667221 TI - Use of insecticide-impregnated ear-tags to eradicate the buffalo fly from cattle. PMID- 6667222 TI - Corneal oedema after vaccination of dogs with canine adenovirus vaccines. PMID- 6667224 TI - Sample differences in genetics and intelligence data: sibling and parent- offspring studies. PMID- 6667223 TI - Estimating morbidity risks in relatives: the effect of reduced fertility. PMID- 6667225 TI - Covariation between family members as a function of cohabitation history. PMID- 6667226 TI - Classical genetic analysis of circadian body temperature rhythms in mice. PMID- 6667227 TI - Lack of functional messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for a microtubule-associated protein correlates with poor performance of rats in a behavioral paradigm. PMID- 6667229 TI - [Results and conclusions from an analysis of occupationally-induced degenerative damage of the locomotor system]. PMID- 6667228 TI - Further evidence for a relationship between central excitatory state and classical conditioning in the blow fly Phormia regina. PMID- 6667230 TI - [Surgical stabilization of pathologic fractures]. PMID- 6667231 TI - [Syndrome of excessive external stress of the patella (lateral hyperpression syndrome of the patella)]. PMID- 6667232 TI - [Bilateral dorsal atlas arch aplasia--a cause of false evaluation following trauma]. PMID- 6667233 TI - [Complications of joint endoprostheses. Abstracts]. PMID- 6667234 TI - [External fixation in orthopedics and traumatology. Abstracts]. PMID- 6667235 TI - Changes in the electrolytes of serum and urine with heat exposure in the bovine. AB - Six mature Friesian bulls with an average body weight of 562 kg were kept - after a preparatory period - in a controlled climatic barn at 30 degrees C and 70% relative humidity for three weeks. They were fed 3.6 kg concentrates and 4 kg hay and water ad libitum. The rectal temperature remained unchanged under heat exposure. Na+, K+, and Ca++ increased in the blood serum, but decreased in the urine. Whereas PO4---increased in the serum and in the urine, the values for SO4- decreased in the serum and in the urine. The serum value for Cl- did not change, but the Cl- value decreased in the urine. The changes in the electrolyte metabolism at high environmental temperatures are important means of extending the discovery procedures for heat stress in cattle. PMID- 6667236 TI - Phenotypic and genetic correlation between egg characters and embryo and chick weights of Alexandria and Fayoumi chickens. AB - At the Poultry Research Centre of Alexandria University phenotypic and genetic correlations were estimated on the basis of dam averages of three populations between egg quality features, embryo and chick weights. The relationships of individual egg weight, shell weight, and shell thickness as well as the egg shape on the one hand and the embryo weight at 6, 12, and 18 days of age on the other hand were weak and exhibited no uniform trend. The correlations between egg weight and chick weight were also low. The genetic correlations between shell weight and shell thickness and the chick weight up to the eighth week were even negative. PMID- 6667237 TI - [Comparative study of the development of enzyme profiles in the blood of calves and lambs during the neonatal adaptation period]. PMID- 6667238 TI - [Comparative studies of various cattle marking methods with special reference to freeze branding and leather damage therefrom]. PMID- 6667239 TI - [Hereditary tail defects in the dachshund]. PMID- 6667240 TI - [Therapy of dermatomycoses in the horse]. PMID- 6667241 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis of bladder calculi in the male horse]. PMID- 6667242 TI - Clinical application of platelet shape determination for diagnosis of DIC. PMID- 6667243 TI - Statistics on underlying and causative diseases of DIC in Japan: a cooperative study. PMID- 6667244 TI - Relationship between fibrinopeptide a (FPA) level and fibrinogen kinetics in patients with malignant disease. AB - The relationship between FPA level and fibrinogen turnover rate as well as fibrinolytic activity was studied in 18 patients with malignant diseases. It was found that the FPA levels were significantly elevated and were correlated with fibrinogen turnover rate (r = 0.74, p less than 0.001) and FDP (r = 0.58, p less than 0.02). The estimated FPA turnover rate was also correlated with fibrinogen turnover rate (r = 0.70, p less than 0.001). These results suggest that fibrinogen catabolism in patients with malignant disease is related to thrombin proteolysis. However, ratios of 1/2 FPA turnover rate to fibrinogen turnover rate suggest that intravascular thrombin proteolysis is not the major determinant of fibrinogen catabolism. It is suspected that extravascular thrombin proteolysis is responsible for the elevation of plasma FPA level which is correlated with acceleration of fibrinogen catabolism. PMID- 6667245 TI - Estimation of coagulation-fibrinolytic factors in DIC. AB - A computer analysis of the coagulation laboratory records at the first department of Hokkaido University Hospital over a three-year period (1979-1981) was performed on 553 patients with presumptive intravascular coagulation. It is indicated that the most important diagnostic tests for DIC were Fbg, FDP, and AT III. DIC may have developed not only in patients with reduced Fbg but also in patients with normal or elevated Fbg. It is necessary to estimate the actual situations in the patients with DIC by utilizing sequential laboratory tests. In DIC, SDS-PAGE patterns of Fbg indicated the marked reduction of LMW Fbg, and the activated fibrin formation must be caused by the high affinity of thrombin for HMW Fbg. Changes in the immunoprecipitative second peak of AT III may indicate the binding of different serine proteases to AT III in DIC. Rapid and simple diagnostic tests for DIC are clinically required. An analysis of the TEG pattern using normal plasma mixed with the patient's plasma can indicate the presence of procoagulant activity in patient plasma. Such a laboratory test using TEG is the most useful and rapid diagnostic test in DIC. An anticoagulant effect of heparin therapy is determined by APTT and heparin levels. The antithrombotic effect of heparin therapy is determined by FPA as an immediate index and by Fbg, FDP, and AT III as a slow index. PMID- 6667246 TI - Features of DIC in dengue hemorrhagic fever. AB - Collaborative studies on hemostasis in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients by Indonesian and Japanese teams revealed that all DHF patients had manifestations of the acute type of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Prolongations of activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time and decreases of platelet counts, fibrinogen, prothrombin, factor VIII, plasminogen and antithrombin III activities were observed transiently during the acute stage of DHF. It was also found that alpha 2 antiplasmin was decreased in the acute stage to 32% of the normal level on the average. This may characterize the hemorrhagic diathesis of the DHF patients. PMID- 6667248 TI - The role of tissue thromboplastin in the development of DIC accompanying neoplastic diseases. AB - Procoagulant activity of gastric cancer tissues and leukocytes obtained from various types of leukemia have been studied with special reference to TTP. The following results were obtained. Homogenates of APL leukocytes and gastric cancer tissues contained strong procoagulant activities, most of which have been identified as TTP since the activities were neutralized by a specific antibody against purified human placenta TTP, inactivated by the removal of phospholipid with heptane-butanol mixture, and inactivated by the addition of phospholipase C. The delipidated homogenates regained procoagulant activities by relipidation procedures. These results also confirmed that TTP from APL leukocytes and gastric cancer tissues have the same lipoprotein properties as those of TTP in normal tissues. Though slight proteolytic activity and fibrinolytic activity were demonstrated in the homogenate of gastric cancer tissues, it was noted that the TTP activity was different from these two activities by partial purification of TTP from gastric cancer tissues. The TTP activity of 9 homogenates of gastric cancer tissues was 301 +/- 289 (mean +/- SD) units per mg protein, being higher in homogenates of mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell carcinoma than in those of tubular and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The mean TTP activity of leukocyte homogenates from 14 patients with APL and one out of 4 patients with CML in blastic crisis was 81 +/- 76 units/10(7) cells. The TTP activity of the homogenates of leukocytes from 7 out of 18 patients with AML and another patient with CML in blastic crisis ranged from one to six units/10(7) cells with a mean of 3.3 +/- 1.2. The TTP activity of leukocyte homogenates from the other 11 cases of AML, two cases of CML in blastic crisis, 6 cases of CML, and one case each of ALL and CLL were less than one unit/10(7) cells. In leukemic patients, all cases with a value of more than 202 for the product of units of TTP activity per 10(7) cells and differential count (%) of leukemic cells in the bone marrow smear (MU value) were accompanied by DIC. The MU value of leukemic patients correlated well to the plasma fibrinogen and serum FDP levels. All patients with a MU value of more than 277 died of DIC when a sufficient amount of heparin was not administered. On the other hand, no DIC developed in any of the patients with a MU value of less than 90.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6667247 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in geriatric patients. PMID- 6667249 TI - Diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 6667250 TI - Criteria for diagnosis of DIC based on the analysis of clinical and laboratory findings in 345 DIC patients collected by the Research Committee on DIC in Japan. AB - From analysis of the clinical and laboratory findings in the DIC patients collected by JRDC, diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of DIC are proposed. The characteristics of the criteria are as follows: (1) a scoring system is adopted; (2) as the tests for scoring, PT, plasma Fbg level, serum FDP level, and platelet count are used; (3) different scores are given according to the grade of change in the results of the tests; (4) bleeding and clinical signs indicating organ dysfunction due to DIC are included in the scoring system; and (5) recognition of the well-known etiological factors of DIC is also scored. PMID- 6667251 TI - Pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - Figure 5 summarizes the three different phases in the pathophysiology of disseminated intravascular coagulation exemplified by the effect of endotoxin. During the first phase, the coagulation system is activated to generate soluble fibrin. Fibrin kept in solution by fibrinogen or fibrinolytic degradation products can be cleared from the circulating blood. If the amount of soluble fibrin exceeds a certain threshold, soluble fibrin may precipitate or polymerize to fibrin clots. At this state, active fibrinolysis breaks down the precipitated fibrin to fibrinolytic degradation products preventing the preservation of fibrin. If the capacity of the fibrinolytic system is exhausted, or if fibrinolysis is inhibited, fibrin clots may be preserved, causing cell damage, as for instance bilateral renal cortical necrosis. PMID- 6667252 TI - Treatment of DIC with antithrombin III concentrates. AB - We administered AT III concentrates to 21 patients with DIC who failed to respond initially to heparin therapy. About 60% of these 21 patients were effectively treated with AT III concentrates by enhancing the effect of heparin and alleviating the burden of excessive plasma transfusions on the cardiovascular system. PMID- 6667254 TI - A clinical trial of MD-805, a synthetic thrombin inhibitor, for the treatment of DIC. PMID- 6667253 TI - Therapy for DIC in newborn infants. PMID- 6667255 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with severe infection in surgical patients: a retrospective and prospective study. PMID- 6667256 TI - Incidence and clinicopathological significance of DIC in autopsy cases. AB - Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was examined pathologically in 4906 consecutive autopsy cases during the last 11 years. The cases having pathologically confirmed DIC showing microthrombi in three or more organs were 88. Of the underlying diseases for these cases, malignant tumor was found in 40 cases and diseases of hematopoietic organs in 19. Of the cases with malignant tumor, 11 had gastric cancer, 7 had lung cancer, and 4 had pancreatic cancer. Thirty-three of the 40 cases with malignant tumor showed metastasis in two or more organs. Cases with pathologically confirmed or suspected DIC that had microthrombi in one or more organs were 319. As for the incidence of pathologically suggestive DIC in each disease, the incidence of malignant tumor was 7.3% and that for diseases of the hematopoietic organ was 10.6%. Infection is an important underlying condition, especially gram-negative bacillus septicemia which may play an important role in the development of DIC. An increase in the number of white blood cells appears to be one of the causative conditions of DIC. Kidney is involved most frequently by the deposition of microthrombi, and 27 out of 88 cases show ischemic lesions induced by intravascular coagulation. There were 109 cases having clinically diagnosed or suspected DIC, but 67 cases showed no microthrombus formation. On the other hand, 63 among 4,797 cases with clinically unsuspected DIC revealed microthrombus formation in three or more organs by the postmortem examination. PMID- 6667257 TI - Synthesis of spore proteins during development of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The pattern of synthesis of the spore coat proteins during development of Dictyostelium discoideum has been determined by using immunoprecipitation with spore protein antibody. SP170, SP103, 'SP94', SP82, SP76 and SP55 are all first synthesized just prior to the 'Mexican hat' stage of development (16-18h), but the synthesis of SP72 is delayed. This protein is apparently synthesized as a precursor, P66, which is modified during spore maturation to yield SP72. The nature of the modification is unknown. At their peak period of synthesis during early culmination (18-20h), the spore coat proteins account for 5-9% of total protein synthesis. Shortly after synthesis, these proteins are inserted into the spore coat, where all except SP103 become disulphide-cross-linked during the period 24-30h. SP3 does not accumulate until disulphide-cross-linking of the major spore coat proteins occurs and is itself disulphide-cross-linked into the spore coat. Several additional proteins that are accumulated during development have also been identified, namely P31, P25, P21 and P18. P25 first appears at 18 20h and then continues to be made throughout development. P31 synthesis begins at 12-14h and then largely ceases after approx. 20 h of development. The genes for both P21 and P18 are first expressed early in development, starting at 9-12h. P21 synthesis ceases at approx. 14h, but P18 continues to be synthesized throughout the rest of development. The marked differences in the time period of accumulation of these proteins compared with the co-ordinated syntheses of SP170, SP103, 'SP94', SP82, SP76 and SP55 provide a useful system for analysis of the mechanism of temporal gene expression during development. PMID- 6667258 TI - Metabolism of rat bone proteoglycans in vivo. AB - Former evaluations of the role of proteoglycans in mineralization have neglected to address the possibility that the metabolism of proteoglycans may be of significance in this regard. This problem was studied by using radiolabeling in vivo of rat calvaria with [35Sulphate for 2-72 h and a sequential extraction procedure to yield two pools of newly synthesized proteoglycans: one obtained from non-mineralized tissue by extraction with guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) and another obtained only after demineralization with EDTA. Total radioactivity in calvaria was maximal after 12 h of incorporation, but by 36 h had declined to a level that was about 55-65% of maximum. Radioactivity in the GdmCl extract declined steadily after 12 h, whereas that in the EDTA extract remained constant until 36 h, when it began to increase. Each extract contained a minor proteoglycan that eluted at the void volume (Vo) of a Sepharose CL-6B column. Unlike in the EDTA extract, this proteoglycan gradually disappeared from the GdmCl extract. Each extract also contained a major, smaller proteoglycan, with a Kav. of 0.24 and 0.36 in the GdmCl and EDTA extracts respectively. Papain digestion of each extract yielded glycosaminoglycan chains with Kav. values of 0.32 and 0.50 on CL-6B in the GdmCl and EDTA extracts respectively. Digestion of each extract with chondroitinase ABC and chondroitinase AC showed that the glycosaminoglycans were of similar disaccharide composition, with about 85% being 4-sulphated and the remainder 6-sulphated and/or iduronic acid-containing. These data suggest that about 45% of the newly synthesized proteoglycans are removed from the tissue during the course of mineralization. PMID- 6667259 TI - Ribosome-inactivating proteins from the seeds of Saponaria officinalis L. (soapwort), of Agrostemma githago L. (corn cockle) and of Asparagus officinalis L. (asparagus), and from the latex of Hura crepitans L. (sandbox tree). AB - Ribosome-inactivating proteins, similar to those already known [Barbieri & Stirpe (1982) Cancer Surveys 1, 489-520] were purified from the seeds of Saponaria officinalis (two proteins), of Agrostemma githago (three proteins), and of Asparagus officinalis (three proteins), and from the latex of Hura crepitans (one protein). The yield ranged from 8 to 400 mg/100 g of starting material. All proteins have an Mr of approx. 30000 and an alkaline isoelectric point. Their sugar content varies from 0 (proteins from S. officinalis) to 40% (protein from H. crepitans). The ribosome-inactivating proteins inhibit protein synthesis by rabbit reticulocyte lysate, the ID50 (concentration giving 50% inhibition) ranging from 1 ng/ml (a protein from S. officinalis) to 18 ng/ml (a protein from A. githago). Those which were tested (the proteins from S. officinalis and from A. githago) also inhibit polymerization of phenylalanine by isolated ribosomes, acting in an apparently catalytic manner. The protein from H. crepitans inhibited protein synthesis by HeLa cells, with an ID50 of 4 micrograms/ml, whereas the proteins from S. officinalis and from A. githago had an ID50 of more than 50-100 micrograms/ml. The ribosome-inactivating proteins from S. officinalis and from A. githago reduced the number of local lesions by tobacco-mosaic virus in the leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa. PMID- 6667260 TI - The degradation of cholic acid by Pseudomonas sp. N.C.I.B. 10590 under anaerobic conditions. AB - The bacterial degradation of cholic acid under anaerobic conditions by Pseudomonas sp. N.C.I.B. 10590 was studied. The major unsaturated neutral compound was identified as 12 beta-hydroxyandrosta-4,6-diene-3,17-dione, and the major unsaturated acidic metabolite was identified as 12 alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola 4,6-dien-24-oic acid. Eight minor unsaturated metabolites were isolated and evidence is given for the following structures: 12 alpha-hydroxyandrosta-4,6 diene-3,17-dione, 12 beta,17 beta-dihydroxyandrosta-4,6-dien-3-one, 12 beta hydroxyandrosta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione, 12 beta,17 beta-dihydroxyandrosta-1,4,6 trien-3-one, 12 beta-hydroxyandrosta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione, 12 beta,17 beta dihydroxyandrosta-1,4,6-trien-3-one, 12 alpha-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17 dione, 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione, 3,12-dioxochola 4,6-dien-24-oic acid and 12 alpha-hydroxy-3-oxopregna-4,6-diene-20-carboxylic acid. In addition, a major saturated neutral compound was isolated and identified as 3 beta,12 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one, and the only saturated acidic metabolite was 7 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxo-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid. Nine minor saturated neutral compounds were also isolated, and evidence is presented for the following structures: 12 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-androstane-3,17 dione, 12 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 3 beta,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one, 3 alpha,12 beta-androstan-17-one, 3 alpha,12 alpha dihydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one, 5 beta-androstane-3 beta,12 beta,17 beta triol, 5 beta-androstane-3 beta,12 alpha,17 beta-triol, 5 beta-androstane-3 alpha,12 beta,17 beta-triol and 5 beta-androstane-3 alpha,12 alpha,17 beta-triol. The induction of 7 alpha-dehydroxylase and 12 alpha-dehydroxylase enzymes is discussed, together with the significance of dehydrogenation and ring fission under anaerobic conditions. PMID- 6667261 TI - Intra-erythrocyte microviscosity and diffusion of specifically labelled [glycyl alpha-13C]glutathione by using 13C n.m.r. AB - [alpha-13C]Glycine was incubated with suspensions of human erythrocytes under special buffer conditions to enrich specifically intracellular glutathione with 13C. The metabolically active cells were then subjected to 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy in which the longitudinal relaxation time(s) (T1) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement(s) of the free glycine and glutathione were measured. With the appropriate analysis, assuming the molecules to be isotropic rotors, intracellular rotational correlation times were calculated. Using these data together with the Stokes-Einstein equation, viscosity and translational diffusion coefficients were calculated. The results were compared with those from cell lysates and extracts. The cytosolic microviscosity probed by glutathione was only 1.9 +/- 0.3 times that of saline, suggesting, therefore, that most enzyme reactions involving this solute are not likely to be diffusion-controlled inside the erythrocyte. PMID- 6667262 TI - Kinetics of nitrobenzylthioinosine binding to the human erythrocyte nucleoside transporter. AB - The kinetics of [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine binding to human erythrocyte membranes was studied. The pseudo-first-order association was linear and consistent with a simple bimolecular reaction mechanism between nitrobenzylthioinosine and the nucleoside-transport mechanism. Dissociation of the [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine complex at 22 degrees C was also linear (apparent k-1 congruent to 0.20 min-1). Adenosine was a competitive inhibitor of equilibrium high-affinity [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine-binding activity (apparent Ki 0.1 mM). Dissociation of the [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine-membrane complex was faster in the presence of adenosine and uridine, and this effect was proportional to the nucleoside concentration. Nucleoside concentrations less than 1 mM had no significant effect on the dissociation rate constant. In contrast, dissociation was slower in the presence of high concentrations (micromolar) of dipyridamole. Low concentrations of dipyridamole (2-200 nM) and nitrobenzylthioinosine concentrations as high as 2.5 microM had no effect on the rate of [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine dissociation. These results are discussed in terms of possible distinct inhibitor and permeation sites, and are suggested to be consistent with both a single-site model for the binding of nitrobenzylthioinosine and permeant to the same site, or an allosteric-site model in which permeant and inhibitor bind to different sites. PMID- 6667263 TI - Effect of 1,3-diaminopropane on ornithine decarboxylase enzyme protein in thioacetamide-treated rat liver. AB - A radioimmunoassay for ornithine decarboxylase was used to study the regulation of this enzyme in rat liver. The antiserum used reacts with ornithine decarboxylase from mouse, human or rat cells. Rat liver ornithine decarboxylase enzyme activity and enzyme protein (as determined by radioimmunoassay) were measured in thioacetamide-treated rats at various times after administration of 1,3-diaminopropane. Enzyme activity declined rapidly after 1,3-diaminopropane treatment as did the amount of enzyme protein, although the disappearance of enzyme activity slightly preceded the loss of immunoreactive protein. The loss of enzyme protein after cycloheximide treatment also occurred rapidly, but was significantly slower than that seen with 1,3-diaminopropane. When 1,3 diaminopropane and cycloheximide were injected simultaneously, the rate of disappearance of enzyme activity and enzyme protein was the same as that seen with cycloheximide alone. These results show that the rapid loss in enzyme activity after 1,3-diaminopropane treatment is primarily due to a loss in enzyme protein and that protein synthesis is needed in order for 1,3-diaminopropane to exert its full effect. A macromolecular inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase that has been termed antizyme is induced in response to 1,3-diaminopropane, but our results indicate that the loss of enzyme activity is not due to the accumulation of inactive ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme complexes. It is possible that the antizyme enhances the degradation of the enzyme protein. Control experiments demonstrated that the antiserum used would have detected any inactive antizyme ornithine decarboxylase complexes present in liver since addition of antizyme to ornithine decarboxylase in vitro did not affect the amount of ornithine decarboxylase detected in our radioimmunoassay. Anti-(ornithine decarboxylase) antibodies may be useful in the purification of antizyme since the antizyme ornithine decarboxylase complex can be immunoprecipitated, and antizyme released from the precipitate with 0.3 M-NaCl. PMID- 6667264 TI - Catecholamine-induced insulin resistance of glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes. AB - The effects of pre-incubation with isoprenaline and noradrenaline on insulin binding and insulin stimulation of D-glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes are reported. (1) Pre-incubation of the cells with isoprenaline (0.1-10 microM) in Krebs-Ringer-Hepes [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine-ethanesulphonic acid] buffer (30 min, 37 degrees C) at D-glucose concentrations of 16 mM, in which normal ATP levels were maintained, caused a rightward-shift in sensitivity of D glucose transport to insulin stimulation by 50% and a decrease in maximal responsiveness by 30% (2) [A14-125I]insulin binding was reduced significantly by 35% at insulin concentrations less than 100 mu-units/ml and Scatchard analysis showed that this consisted mainly of a decrease in high-affinity binding. (3) Pre incubation with catecholamines under the same conditions but at low glucose concentrations (0-5 mM) caused a fall in intracellular ATP levels of 65 and 45% respectively. (4) The fall in ATP additionally lowered insulin binding by 50% at all insulin concentrations and a parallel shift of the binding curves in the Scatchard plot showed that this was due to a decrease in the number of receptors. (5) At low and high ATP concentrations the insulin stimulation of D-glucose transport was inhibited to a similar extent. (6) Pre-incubation with catecholamines thus inhibited insulin stimulation of D-glucose transport in rat adipocytes mainly by a decrease in high-affinity binding of insulin, which was not mediated by low ATP levels. This mechanism may play a role in the pathogenesis of catecholamine-induced insulin resistance in vivo. PMID- 6667265 TI - Evidence for the compartmentation of pyruvate metabolism in perfused rat skeletal muscle. AB - In rat hindlimbs perfused with [1-14C]pyruvate and 5 mM-dichloroacetate, the calculated apparent rate of pyruvate decarboxylation was decreased with increasing perfusate pyruvate concentrations. However, in the absence of dichloroacetate the apparent rate of decarboxylation increased under these conditions. Dichloroacetate enhanced [1-14C]pyruvate uptake, but decreased the specific radioactivity of effluent lactate. Glycogen metabolism remained unaffected. The results were not consistent with a common pyruvate pool, but provide evidence for the compartmentation of pyruvate metabolism. PMID- 6667266 TI - The pathway of ketogenesis in rumen epithelium of the sheep. AB - A method for the fractionation of sheep rumen epithelium with limited mitochondrial breakage is described. The distributions of the enzymes of the 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA pathway of ketogenesis indicate that this process is exclusively mitochondrial. Enzyme activities are sufficient to account for the ketogenic rates found in vivo. The failure of (-)-hydroxycitrate to block ketogenic flux supports this view. 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity is largely associated with particulate material in the mitochondrial fraction. ATP citrate lyase activity was found, with appreciable acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase and 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase in the cytoplasmic fraction. PMID- 6667267 TI - Specific G1-S phase cell cycle block by beryllium as demonstrated by cytofluorometric analysis. AB - Inhibition of cell division by beryllium (Be2+) has been examined in synchronized cultures of a liver-derived cell line (BL9L cells) using cytofluorometric cell cycle analysis. Results show that a selective dose-related block of the G1-pre-S transition is produced, with other periods of the cell cycle appearing relatively insensitive. PMID- 6667269 TI - Evidence for a membrane sulfhydryl associated with resistance to melphalan in a murine L1210 leukemia line. AB - Murine L1210 leukemia cells, which display sensitivity or resistance to the chemotherapeutic alkylating agent, melphalan, are equivalently sensitive or resistant to the poorly permeable mercurial, p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate. Cells of both lines do not differ in sensitivity to the sulfhydryl reagents, N ethylamaleimide, iodoacetamide and iodoacetate or to the glutathione transferase substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and p-nitrobenzyl chloride. The results are interpreted in terms of the known biological reactivity of p chloromercuribenzenesulfonate as a selective reagent for sulfhydryl groups of membrane proteins associated with monovalent cation permeability. PMID- 6667268 TI - Effects of 2[5(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate on fatty acid and glucose metabolism in perfused rat hearts determined using iodine-125 16 iodohexadecanoate. AB - Long-chain fatty acid oxidation by the isolated perfused rat heart was assayed by external counting using [125I]16-iodohexadecanoic acid as substrate after administration of the hypoketonemic and hypoglycemic compound 2[5(4 chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate to rats. Glucose metabolism was also assessed by measuring release of tritium from [2-T]glucose. The oxidation of long chain fatty acids was virtually suppressed in hearts from fed or starved rats given 2[5(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate while glucose utilization was increased 2-2.5 fold. PMID- 6667270 TI - Phosphorylation pattern of a 25 Kdalton stress protein from rat myoblasts. AB - Phosphorylation of a 25 Kdalton nuclear stress protein from rat muscle was examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and one-dimensional peptide mapping. These studies show that three 25 Kdalton stress proteins found in stressed rat myoblasts are actually the same protein with charge variation brought about by multiple phosphorylations. Furthermore, the predominant charge variant of 25 Kdalton protein found in cells is dependent on the intensity of the stress applied to cells. PMID- 6667272 TI - A characteristic electrophoretic pattern of cytosolic polypeptides from hepatocyte nodules generated during liver carcinogenesis in several models. AB - The cytosolic polypeptides of hepatocyte nodules in six models of liver carcinogenesis were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their patterns compared with these of control and variously treated livers. The amount of a polypeptide of Mr 21,000 was about tenfold elevated in the cytosol of five of the six types of nodules and moderately elevated in the sixth. Certain other polypeptides, particularly one of Mr 26,000, also varied in amount, so that all of the nodules analysed could be distinguished from liver by their electrophoretic patterns. Some possible identities of the two polypeptides are discussed. Their study may have mechanistic as well as diagnostic importance. PMID- 6667271 TI - Evidence for sterol carrier protein2-like activity in hepatic, adrenal and ovarian cytosol. AB - Purified sterol carrier protein2 (SCP2) from rat liver stimulated utilization of endogenous cholesterol for pregnenolone synthesis by adrenal mitochondria. Cytosolic preparations of rat liver, adrenal and luteinized ovary were also stimulatory in mitochondrial pregnenolone synthesis to different extents. Treatment of all preparations with rabbit anti-rat SCP2 IgG neutralized the stimulatory effects, and immunoprecipitated proteins gave similar patterns on SDS gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Treatment with rabbit pre-immune IgG had no effect on these parameters. Thus, proteins which are immunochemically compatible with hepatic SCP2 appear to be present in steroidogenic tissues and may play a role in control of mitochondrial cholesterol side chain cleavage activity. PMID- 6667273 TI - Correlation of H2O2 production and liver catalase during riboflavin deficiency and repletion in mammals. AB - A substantial decrease in liver peroxisomal catalase was found during riboflavin deficiency in rats. This decrease is greater than that found among other hemoproteins and seems to follow decrease in flavin-dependent peroxisomal oxidases. This is not due to a general depression of peroxisomal enzymes, since Cu-dependent urate oxidase activity was not changed. Furthermore, the level of catalase activity as well as flavin-dependent oxidases was restored by riboflavin repletion. These results suggest that hydrogen peroxide, the substrate for catalase produced by several flavoprotein oxidases, induces catalase in mammals as has been indicated for certain bacteria. PMID- 6667274 TI - The importance of serum lipoproteins in the cytolytic action of 7 beta hydroxycholesterol on cultured hepatoma cells. AB - The toxicity of 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol for cultured HTC cells is 10 times greater if serum lipids and lipoproteins are absent from the culture medium. A water-soluble derivative of 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol, sodium 3,7 bishemisuccinate, showed the same toxicity as the original molecule and was also 8 times more toxic when serum lipids and lipoproteins were absent. But the rapid inhibition of DNA synthesis was similar in cells treated with both compounds, whether lipids and lipoproteins are present or not. Thus the absence of serum lipids and lipoproteins enhances the lytic effect of both substances but does not increase their intracellular action on DNA synthesis. This first parallel study on lipophilic 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol and its water-soluble homologue shows the importance of the serum lipids and lipoproteins in the cytotoxicity of such sterols. PMID- 6667275 TI - Further characterization of the glucocorticoid-induced antiphospholipase protein "renocortin". AB - The steroid-induced anti-phospholipase protein "Renocortin" has been further characterized by column chromatography and a monoclonal antibody. In medium devoid of foetal calf serum, renomedullary insterstitial cells in culture exposed to the anti-inflammatory steroid dexamethasone released 3 peptides of apparent MW: 15k, 30k, and 45k possessing similar biological properties to "renocortin", "lipomodulin" and "macrocortin". A monoclonal antibody directed against macrocortin also bound the 45k peptide released from the renomedullary cells. The 15k species was, like macrocortin, inactive in an "in vitro" enzymatic assay but recovered its full inhibitory activity after dephosphorylation by alkaline phosphatase treatment. We conclude that "macrocortin", "lipomodulin" and "renocortin" are similar if not identical proteins. We propose a scheme to account for "in vivo" secretion and regulation of these proteins. PMID- 6667276 TI - Scanning electron-microscopic study of experimentally induced intimal tears in rabbit arteries. AB - A scanning electron-microscopic study of the intimal surface of anastomosed arteries of experimental arteriovenous fistulae in 20 rabbits was conducted to determine the effect of altered haemodynamics on the arterial wall. Control arteriotomies were performed on 12 animals on the contralateral common carotid arteries. The rabbits were killed from 1 to 447 days postoperatively. Transverse intimal tears involving the internal elastic lamina developed in both proximal and distal segments of the anastomosed artery as early as 5 days postoperatively. Some were covered with thrombus and attenuated endothelial cell remnants, but all tears became endothelialised by 7 days. Endothelial cells in the floor of the tears had prominent nuclei and were smaller and more plentiful than the normal intima but, in longstanding fistulae, they resumed a more elongated spindle shape. Tears similar to those in the experimental arteries were found in most control arteriotomies, being confined to the suture zone. The results reveal the profound effect of altered haemodynamics on the arterial wall. PMID- 6667278 TI - Inhibitory effect of high density lipoprotein subfractions on the in vitro binding of low density lipoproteins to arterial elastin. AB - The inhibitory effects of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions on the in vitro complex formation between plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) and arterial elastin were studied. The inhibitory effects were significantly higher with HDL3 than HDL2, and with HDL-without E than HDL-with E. The inhibitory effect of a phospholipid complex with apoHDL3 was higher than that with apoHDL2. In contrast with the inhibitory effects, the binding abilities of HDL2 and HDL-with E to elastin were significantly higher than those of HDL3 and HDL-without E. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of HDL subfractions are not due to competitive binding with arterial elastin. PMID- 6667277 TI - Serum fatty acids in Finnish men. AB - The fatty acid compositions of 4 serum lipid fractions were analysed from 244 randomly selected 30-59-year-old Finnish men from 4 areas involved in a population survey ('Mini-Finland') in 1979-80. Men in eastern Finland had significantly lower mean percentages of linoleate (18:2) in CE, TG, FFA and PL (45.1, 10.3, 9.3 and 18.8%, respectively) than men in the western part of the country (48.4, 12.5, 10.6 and 20.2%, respectively). Very low values of 18:2 were encountered in the North Karelian community of Ilomantsi, especially in men aged 50-59 (40.9, 8.0, 7.5 and 16.8%, respectively). The percentage of alpha linolenate tended also to be lower and those of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids higher in the east, but there were no or only inconsistent differences in the contents of the prostaglandin precursors dihomo-gamma linolenate, arachidonate and eicosapentaenoate. Eighteen men were studied in November and the following April. Only minor changes in the mean composition of serum fatty acids took place during this period and the correlation coefficients between the percentages of 18:2 recorded at the two time points ranged from 0.70 to 0.81. The low concentrations of 18:2 in serum lipids in Finnish men obviously reflect a low dietary P/S ratio and may contribute to the high prevalence of IHD in Finland and to its regional differences. PMID- 6667279 TI - Role of esterified cholesterol transfers in the regulation of plasma cholesterol esterification. AB - The role of esterified cholesterol transfers in mediating the known effect of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) on plasma cholesterol esterification has been examined. Advantage has been taken of the fact that pig plasma, in contrast to human plasma, is deficient in activity of the protein that transfers esterified cholesterol between plasma lipoproteins. The experimental protocol consisted of a pre-incubation in which VLDL-deficient pig plasma or isolated pig lipoproteins were incubated with added VLDL, in the presence or absence of an exogenous source of the esterified cholesterol transfer protein. After pre incubation, any VLDL that may have been present was removed and rates of cholesterol esterification measured in subsequent incubations of the recovered VLDL-depleted fractions. It was, thus, possible to assess the effect of VLDL and/or transfer protein activity on the capacity of other lipoproteins to act as substrates for cholesterol esterification. In the absence of transfer protein activity, the presence of VLDL in pre-incubations had no effect on the subsequently measured rate of cholesterol esterification. However, when pig plasma was supplemented with human lipoprotein-free plasma (a source of esterified cholesterol transfer protein activity) the presence of VLDL in pre incubations resulted in both a reduction in the esterified cholesterol content of the re-isolated VLDL-deficient fraction and a markedly enhanced rate of cholesterol esterification in subsequent incubations of this fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6667280 TI - Coronary heart disease in 'low risk' men. AB - An attempt was made to explore the reasons why men develop coronary heart disease (CHD) despite being at low risk on the basis of established risk factors. A case control study was designed to take place after the end of a longitudinal study in which both low- and high-risk men who had developed CHD over the course of 5-6 years were compared with controls who had remained CHD-free, matched for initial risk characteristics. Low-risk men who had developed CHD had significantly lower levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol than their controls. This difference was not seen when high-risk men were compared with their controls. Apart from a suggestion that low risk cases had lower levels of free thyroxine (seen mainly when less severe categories of CHD were examined) there were no other significant differences between cases and controls (either low- or high risk) in the other measured variables, which included levels of total testosterone and oestradiol in plasma, packed cell volume and heart rate. It is concluded that low levels of HDL cholesterol may partly explain why men who are otherwise at low risk develop CHD. This study design may be useful to test other hypotheses, particularly where it has not been possible to make the appropriate measurements at the start of a longitudinal study. PMID- 6667281 TI - Clot lipids in ischaemic heart disease. AB - Total phospholipids (PL) and neutral lipid classes of plasma, of HDL and of clots produced from platelet-rich plasma and also the main coagulation parameters were determined in normal subjects and in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and with angiographically diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD). The main plasma and HDL lipid fractions and the coagulation parameters did not differ significantly between the groups. In contrast, in both groups with ischaemic heart disease triglycerides (TG) bound to clots were selectively elevated precluding accidental trapping of lipoproteins in the fibrin network and suggesting an increased binding of TG-rich lipoproteins to clots. These changes in the quantity and quality of platelet-rich clots, resembling platelet-rich thrombi in vivo, might not only increase the volume of the clots, but also inhibit fibrinolytic enzymes from reaching their substrate. This might be significant in the pathogenesis of ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 6667282 TI - Increase in skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase following endurance training in man. AB - The effect of regular physical training on skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) was investigated in 16 healthy men of normal body weight. They trained on cycle ergometers for 8 weeks. During the training period half the group were given the beta-adrenergic receptor blocker propanolol (160 mg/day) and the other half placebo tablets. Muscle tissue samples were taken before the training period and 4 days after the last training session and drug intake to ensure that there were no acute effects of either training or drug treatment. The maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max, 1/min) increased by 8% with training. LPLA increased by 47% and 31% in the placebo and beta-blockade group, respectively. Capillary density increased by 19% and 17%. The statistical analysis revealed a significant effect of training but not of beta-blockade on these changes. The present longitudinal training study in healthy men confirms the results of cross sectional studies showing higher muscle LPLA in well-trained than in sedentary men. PMID- 6667283 TI - Dietary protein and atherosclerosis. PMID- 6667284 TI - Limitations of a new double-precipitation method for the determination of high density lipoprotein subfractions 2 and 3. PMID- 6667286 TI - [The place of type I familial amyloid neuropathy in amylosis. Anatomo-clinical study of a case in France]. AB - The clinical and pathologic findings of a case of amyloidogenic heredo familial neuropathy type I is presented. The patient is a man, died at 46 years. The examination of a nerve biopsy, the clinical evolution and the family history are representative of the condition. The study of autopsy material revealed amyloid deposits within vessels walls, autonomic nerves of almost all viscera but liver, muscle and skin, around myofibers in the heart. Kidney glomeruli were markedly involved and numerous obsolescent glomeruli were seen. Lesions of central nervous system were of interest: enlargement of meningeal vessels walls due to amyloid deposits as subpial deposition band were observed. The pattern of amyloid deposits within peripherical nerves was quite different according to their proximal or distal ends. While distal amyloid deposits were scant, nerve damages were striking. In proximal portions, amyloidosis could be found in all layers of nerve structures including the walls of endoneural small vessels. Semi-thin sections allowed to observe rare myelinated fibers entrapped by aggregates of a microfibrillary material. While there was absence of a patent axonal lesion, clusters of regenerating fibers were not infrequent. Ultrastructural study confirmed the close relationship between amyloid fibrils, Schwann cell basal laminae and collagen fibers. An immunopathological study using immunserums raised against the AA composant of amyloidosis, K and lambda light chains, and prealbumin were negative. Our results are in agreement with descriptions already reported in the medical literature. Therefore, they allow to discuss already known pathogenic mechanisms for this rare affection transmitted by a dominant autosomic gene. PMID- 6667285 TI - [Merkel cell tumor]. AB - Two cases of skin carcinoma which display endocrine differentiation are reported. In the relevant literature, these neoplasms are considered to be of Merkel cells lineage. These two carcinomas demonstrated salient morphological features. The first tumor contained small aggregates of cells with a deeply indented nucleus. It is postulated that these formations represent foci of Merkel cells maturation. It is suggested that this distinctive focal histological feature may permit recognition of these neoplasms. The second tumor exhibited an admixture of endocrine and epidermoid differentiation. Such observations prompt us to postulate that Merkel cells and keratinocytes originate from the same stem cell. PMID- 6667287 TI - [Fatal pneumopathy linked to subcutaneous injections of liquid silicone into soft tissue]. AB - The case of a 23-year old transsexual male who developed a lethal lung disease 48 hr after a 1 l subcutaneous silicone fluid injection is reported. Histologic examination showed optically empty oil red O negative vacuoles in several specimens, and particularly in the lungs; refractile particles of silicium were also found. We identified the material as silicium, and evaluated its quantity in tissues by atomic absorption and spectrometric and toxicological analysis. Experimental studies and rare human accidents suggest that silicone fluid is transported by migrating phagocytes, thereby explaining lymph node, spleen, liver, adrenal and lung deposits. In our patient's report, we added gradual blood contamination to explain the progressive development of respiratory failure with the severity of the respiratory disorder linked to the massive dose injected. Massive silicone blood embolization could be excluded because of the interval between the injection and emergence of the first clinical signs. PMID- 6667288 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of a harlequin fetus using electron microscopy]. AB - We have diagnosed a Harlequin fetus at 22 weeks' gestation. Harlequin syndrome is a fatal, congenital disorder of keratinization whose biochemical basis is unknown. The parents were second cousins and had had four children, two with the Harlequin syndrome who had died at birth and two normal children. During the fifth pregnancy the parents asked us to find out if the fetus was affected. Multiple skin biopsies were done by fetoscopy during the 22nd week of gestation. On binocular loupe examination the skin appeared thickened and fragile to the touch; light and electron microscopy revealed a remarkably thickened stratum corneum with involvement of both follicular and interfollicular epidermis, a feature characteristic of a Harlequin fetus at term. The pregnancy was terminated in the 24th week of gestation: the fetus had all the characteristic clinical features of Harlequin fetus. PMID- 6667289 TI - [Topographic and chemical study of the GABA synthetizing enzyme in Parkinsonian syndromes]. AB - After a classical neuropathological study assessing the diagnosis, the activity of the GABA synthetizing enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), was assayed in 6 brain areas, in 8 cases of Parkinson's disease, 2 cases of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension and 9 control cases carefully matched. The activity of GAD is not impaired, as classically believed, in parkinsonian brains, particularly in substantia nigra and pallidum. This preservation would indicate the absence of lesion of GABAergic neurones in Parkinson's disease. In the cases of other Parkinsonian syndromes, the number of cases studied is too limited to allow any generality; but they are, however reported because of their rarity. PMID- 6667290 TI - [Uniform autopsy record summaries]. AB - Clinico-pathological comparisons are a mean to evaluate medical care that remains still rarely automated. They are confronted to obstacles linked to the automation of medical records. There are problems of volume, comparability and availability of informations as well as difficulties to generate diagnostic hypotheses from a mass of raw data. In order to solve these problems, it is proposed to use a uniform autopsy record summary with standardized methods for data selection, coding systems and evaluation of care. PMID- 6667292 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux disease in children]. PMID- 6667291 TI - [Plasma transfusions: another cause of proteinuria in children]. PMID- 6667293 TI - [Are locally-acting antimicrobial agents useful in prolonged diarrhea with bacterial overgrowth in the duodenal fluid?]. PMID- 6667294 TI - [Hepatobiliary scintigammagraphy in the differential diagnosis between neonatal hepatitis and bile duct atresia]. PMID- 6667295 TI - [Advantages of transcutaneous oximetry in the critically-ill pediatric patient]. PMID- 6667296 TI - [Morphological aspects of bacterial infections and septicemia in newborn infants]. PMID- 6667297 TI - [Malignant tumors of the central nervous system in pediatrics. Results of multidisciplinary treatment]. PMID- 6667299 TI - [Hypoplastic anemia in the pediatric age]. PMID- 6667298 TI - [Scorpion stings in children. Study of 100 cases]. PMID- 6667300 TI - [Deferred manipulation in supracondylar humeral fractures in the child]. PMID- 6667301 TI - [Relation between the therapeutic potential, electrochemical activity, and thermodynamics of ionizable drugs]. PMID- 6667302 TI - [Microbial contamination of phytotherapeutic products]. PMID- 6667303 TI - [Enzymatic synthesis of taurine]. AB - In view of its interesting pharmacological and physiological functions, the enzymic synthesis of the taurine or the beta-aminoethan- alpha-sulfonic acid is described. This compound has been prepared by decarboxylation with rat heart homogenate and at room temperature of cysteic acid obtained by KMnO4 cysteine oxidation. The taurine prepared has been identified by paper and thin-layer chromatography with a taurine pure sample. PMID- 6667304 TI - A simplified and computerizable regulatory enzyme model. AB - The concept of enzymes as simple biological catalysts has become too limiting and the kinetic behaviour has evidenced that the interaction of an enzyme with its substrate is more complex and can be influenced by various regulatory effectors. The resulting activity should be exactly what is required for the control of the overall flux through the metabolic pathway. A simplified enzyme model which can explain the sigmoidicity and the heterotropic effect involves the introduction of a limited number of kinetic parameters to obtain the best fit from v and s experimental values. This results in a more useful way to evaluate the possible regulatory effects of various substances such as metabolites, hormones and drugs. PMID- 6667305 TI - [Sexual impotence of vascular etiology in arterial obstructive disease of the legs]. AB - In order to demonstrate the relationship between sexual impotence and penile brachial index 142 patients with arteriosclerotic disease of the legs and 15 control patients have been studied. Penile-brachial index has been evaluated by Doppler ultrasound, while sexual impotence has been graded on the basis of clinical history. Patients with arteriosclerotic disease have been further divided into 2 groups: patients with normal sexual potence and patients with sexual impotence. Penile-brachial index resulted 0,87 +/- S.D. 0,16 in the former group, while it resulted 0,59 +/- S.D. 0,22 in the latter. The present data seem to suggest that in patients with arteriosclerotic disease of the legs a positive relationship exists between penile-brachial index greater than 0,80 and a normal sexual potence, while a penile-brachial index less than 0,60 strongly indicates the possibility that the main factor responsible for sexual impotence is vascular insufficiency. PMID- 6667306 TI - [Changes in blood filterability induced by risk factors for cardiovascular disease]. AB - Our research was aimed at testing the role of the main cardiovascular risk factors in modifying the blood flow in microcirculation and in particular red cell deformability. To this end we determined by the method proposed by Reid and Dormandy (J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1976, 29, 855) whole-blood filterability in 15 smokers, 18 diabetics, 14 hypertensives, 16 dislipidemics, without clinical evidence of ischemic pathology and with negative vascular pathology anamnesis. In diabetics, hypertensives and dislipidemics blood filterability turned out to be significantly lower (p less than 0,001) that in 15 controls. In smokers it was also lower, although in a less significant way. PMID- 6667307 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of the effect of ibopamine on the secretion of prolactin]. AB - Ibopamine, diisobutyric ester of N-methyl dopamine, is an orally active dopaminergic agonist. The prolactin-lowering activity of Ibopamine was studied in 8 subjects with normal prolactine levels given the drug in a single dose of 100 mg. Prolactin levels measured by radioimmuno assay were evaluated before and within 2, 4 and 8 h of administration. Afterwards prolactin levels were evaluated after 4 and 8 days of treatment with Ibopamine administered at a dose of 50 mg three times daily. Ibopamine was shown to decrease prolactin to a statistically significant extent at the 2nd h after administration. At the 4th h prolactin returned to baseline values. After 4 and 8 treatment days prolactin levels did not differ significantly from baseline values. These results provide further evidence for the dopaminergic activity of Ibopamine and suggest a more through investigation in hyperprolactinemic subjects. PMID- 6667308 TI - Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of an alcoholic extract of Teucrium polium L. AB - In the Teucrium polium L. were identified, by gaschromatographic and spectroscopic techniques (1H-NMR and MS), beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, brassicasterol and clerosterol. In the aqueous phase of the alcoholic extract were identified glucose, fructose, raffinose and rhamnose by PC on Watmann paper Number 5. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested using male Wistar rats against carrageenin-induced paw oedema. All tested extract shown a sufficient pharmacological activity compared to that of indomethacine. PMID- 6667309 TI - Biological activity of 4-hydroxy-5-formylbenzoic acid derivatives. AB - A group of thirty 4-hydroxy-5-formylbenzoic acid derivatives of general formula: (formula; see text) where (formula; see text) have been prepared and characterized in an attempt to make available for testing a representative selection of hitherto undescribed hydroxyformylbenzoic acid derivatives. The products, which are listed in Table I, with pertinent data, have been obtained in satisfactory yield and in a good state of purity. The prepared compounds have been tested for "in vitro" activity against three fungi (A. niger, C. albicans, S. cerevisiae), six Gram- bacteria (E. coli Bb, S. typhi, S. infantis, S. paratyphi A, B. melitensis, P. mirabilis) and four Gram+ bacteria (M. paratuberculosis ATCC 607; S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, B. anthracis), by the agar diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer modified). In general, the results of the tests indicated that most of the compounds: a) didn't exhibit antifungal activity "in vitro"; b) had little activity on Gram- bacteria; showed inhibitory activity toward Gram+ species, in particular toward M. paratuberculosis. Other activities of pharmaceutical interest will be tested; the screening program includes tests for cardiac activity. The results of these studies will be published as soon as they are complete. PMID- 6667310 TI - [Spatial compatibility and position of the effectors]. AB - Mean reaction times obtained with crossed hands (right had on the left and left hand on the right) are slower than reaction times obtained with uncrossed hands (right hand on the right and left hand on the left). These results have been explained as a compatibility effect between the responding hand and its spatial position. The goal of the present experiment was to establish whether the position of the hand is encoded by the subjects relative to their body (absolute position) or relative to the other hand (relative position). The subjects performed a discrimination task on two visual stimuli. Stimuli and hands were either on the same side of the body (both on the left or both on the right) or had different absolute position. In all conditions the subjects responded with crossed and uncrossed hands. The results support the hypothesis that relative position is encoded. PMID- 6667311 TI - [Simon effect and relative position of the stimuli]. AB - The so-called Simon effect can be determined (a) by a natural tendency to respond towards the source of stimulation, or (b) by a comparison between the encoding of the position of the stimulus and the encoding of the position of the effectors producing the response. Twelve subjects performed a manual choice between two visual stimuli in the same visual hemifield. The results of the experiment supported hypothesis (b). PMID- 6667312 TI - [Stapedial reflex under auditory masking of bone canal: 1- The effect of white noise on threshold values]. AB - The authors have studied the behaviour of the A.R. threshold under bone way masking sent to the vertex. The masking caused changings of the recorded track; a change of the compliance was observed in the 60% of the subjects and a rythmic waving of the (isoelectric) line was observed in 40% of the subjects. Upon these changes the A.R. were recorded for the tone test sent at similar values (almost equal) at those recorded without any kind of masker, even if a threshold shift sometimes big, existed because of the high intensity of the masking noise. The authors are making further researches to explain the meaning of these changes. PMID- 6667313 TI - [Embryo-toxic effects of nickel sulfate in Paracentrotus lividus: preliminary observations]. AB - A primary objective of the work described here was to determine the embryo-toxic effects induced by Nickel Sulfate upon the development of the Paracentrotus Lividus. Different concentrations of Nickel Sulfate have been dissolved in containers with not foul sea-water. The fecundation took place in the containers and verified by constant observations with a light microscope. The development of the Paracentrotus 1. was totally blocked at a concentration of 0.5 M.10(-2) of Nickel Sulfate, while an enormous development was observed at concentrations of 0.5 M.10(-3) and 0.5 M.10(-4). Finally, a concentration of 0.5 M.10(-5) caused a slow development. A normal development was observed only at a concentration of 0.5 M.10(-6). Our results support various hypotheses on the mechanism of action of the Nickel Sulfate as an inhibitor of the normal development. PMID- 6667314 TI - [Depletion of liver glutathione induced by iodobenzene poisoning and its relation to lipid peroxidation and necrosis]. AB - The mechanisms underlying iodobenzene hepatotoxicity were investigated in Albino mice in which the hepatic glutathione (GSH) content had been decreased by nearly 50% by starvation for 16 h before poisoning. After iodobenzene administration (9 mmol/Kg, p.o.) the hepatic GSH content decreased progressively and liver necrosis, as measured by the plasma transaminase (GPT, GOT) levels, occurred in many animals at 12 and 16 h. A clear cut necrosis was evident only when the hepatic GSH depletion reached a threshold value (3.5-2.5 nmol/mg protein). The same threshold value was evident for the occurrence of lipid peroxidation (measured as both carbonyl functions and conjugated dienes in liver phospholipids). The highly significant correlation found between lipid peroxidation and liver necrosis supports the possibility of a cause-effect relationship between the two phenomena. PMID- 6667315 TI - [Inhibition of heme biosynthesis in erythroid precursors (BFU-e) isolated from human peripheral blood: effects on globin synthesis]. AB - We studied the relationship between heme accumulation and globin synthesis in human erythroid precursors which were stimulated by 2 I.U. of erythropoietin in semi-solid cultures (1% methyl-cellulose, 20% fetal calf serum) and treated with 6-9 micrograms/ml of desferrioxamina (DF), a potent inhibitor of heme synthesis (6). Heme accumulation was detected by specific reaction with benzidine (4), globin synthesis by CM-cellulose column chromatography. Our results demonstrate that globin gene expression occurs in DF-treated erythroid cells which do not accumulate heme molecules. As heme does affect translation and stability of globin mRNA (10) our system might be suitable for studies focused on pathological alterations of erythropoiesis associated with the presence of unstable globin mRNAs and/or unstable globins. PMID- 6667316 TI - [Post-heparin lipase activity in beta-thalassemia major: preliminary data]. AB - We studied serum lipids and post-heparin triglyceride lipase activities in 8 patients with Beta-Thalassaemia Major, under high transfusion programme and regular chelation therapy and in 8 control subjects. Total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were significantly lower in patients with Cooley's anaemia, whereas triglyceride levels did not differ in the two groups. Post-heparin triglyceride lipase activities were determined according with the method of Krauss et A1. using glyceryl-tri-(1-14C)oleate as substrate and NaCl to inactivate the extrahepatic lipase. These enzymatic activities (both hepatic and extrahepatic) resulted significantly lower in thalassaemic patients. We suppose that the decreased levels of these enzymatic activities could play a role in determining the decrease of HDL-cholesterol that we observed in our thalassaemic patients. PMID- 6667317 TI - [Relation between vitamin A and the fragility of red blood cells subjected to continuous mechanical trauma]. AB - Is well-known the haemolitic action that A-vitamine exerts on the erythrocytes. With our study we have submitted the erythrocytes, of forty normal subjects, to incubation to 37 degrees C and to constant traumatic action with and without A vitamine. After we have dosed the haemoglobin and potassium in the plasma to various times of incubation and traumatic action. The results demonstrate that this vitamine determines an increase of the fragility of the erythrocytes beyond the 100% after 120 minutes, while protects the membrane of erythrocytes to the release of potassium. PMID- 6667318 TI - [Changes in mean erythrocyte volume and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in two groups of diabetic subjects]. AB - Mean corpuscular volume and Red Blood Cell 2-3, diphosphoglycerate in insulin dependent diabetics and in non insulin dependent diabetics were evaluated. Only in insulin dependent diabetics an increased mean corpuscular volume was found while in non insulin dependent diabetics red blood cell 2-3, DPG level appears to be reduced. These findings were not correlated with the metabolic parameters neither they seemed to be dependent upon sex, age or vascular disease. The Authors suggest that the increase of mean corpuscular volume might be indicative of a tendency to macromegaloblastosis in insulin dependent diabetics; with regard to RBC 2-3, DPG level it seems to be extremely variable in dependence on oxygen request at the tissue level. PMID- 6667320 TI - [Effect of helium-neon laser rays on the vascular and nerve tissue structures of the small intestine in the cat]. AB - The influence of laser radiation (Laser LH-75) on the status of tissue elements and microvascular nervous structures of the small intestine in dynamics has been studied on 15 adult cats. It has been established that a daily 6-minute action of laser rays during 15 days causes the hypertrophy of muscular and mucous membranes of the small intestine, persistent dilation of microcirculatory flow of the muscular-intestinal plexus, and also hypertrophy of neurocytes of vegetative ganglia. PMID- 6667319 TI - [Functional interrelation of the brain structures of the cat during the generation of rhythmic activity. I. The frequency characteristics of the electroencephalogram]. AB - The similarity of frequency parameters of electroencephalograms (EEG) recorded from visual, associative and sensorimotor cortical area, caudate nucleus and several thalamic nuclei have been analysed using the period analysis of EEG and cluster analysis of data obtained to clarify the functional interrelationships between these parts of the brain during generation of rhythmic activity of different types. Functional interrelationships between brain structures in freely moving cats during the states of drowsiness and slow-wave sleep have been shown to differ from "classical" thalamo-cortical pacemaker relations. PMID- 6667321 TI - Aluminum ion deposition in rat tissues following implantation of a ceramic-metal disc. AB - Plasma-sprayed alumina on 316L stainless steel discs was implanted in Sprague Dawley rats for six months; at which time the animals were sacrificed, and selected tissues analyzed for aluminum concentration using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The liver, testes, and kidneys exhibited significant increases in aluminum ion concentration. PMID- 6667322 TI - A new non-thrombogenic surface prepared by selective covalent binding of heparin via a modified reducing terminal residue. AB - A new method for the covalent binding of heparin to artificial surfaces has been developed. The heparinized surface releases insignificant amounts of heparin and can be regarded as stable. The blood contact properties as studied in vitro revealed that the surface was highly thromboresistant in terms of reduced platelet adhesion, surface catalyzed adsorption and inhibition of thrombin and capacity to prevent clotting of nonanticoagulated blood. PMID- 6667323 TI - Cardiac and sinoaortic reflexes during aortic constriction in awake calves. AB - The hemodynamic responses to increased afterload of the left ventricle were studied in conscious calves before and during cooling of the cervical vagus nerves bilaterally. The calves were chronically instrumented to measure (or derive) heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, iliac, superior mesenteric and renal flows and resistances, mean aortic, right atrial, pulmonary artery, and left atrial pressures, the systemic and pulmonary pressure gradients, and total systemic and total pulmonary resistances. The calves were also instrumented to produce reversible partial constriction of the ascending aorta and for cooling of the cervical vagus nerves. The hemodynamic responses to increased afterload were characterized before and during bilateral cervical vagus nerve cooling to 6-7 degrees C. Aortic constriction causes stroke volume, cardiac output and aortic pulse pressure to decrease. Left atrial pressure and total peripheral resistance increase. Mean aortic pressure is constant during aortic constriction alone, despite a continued decrease in pulse pressure, due to a balance between sinoaortic reflexes which attempt to increase arterial pressure in response to the decreased pulse pressure and cardiopulmonary reflexes which attempt to decrease arterial pressure in response to the increased left atrial and cardiopulmonary pressures. Vagal cooling removes cardiopulmonary reflex modulation of the sinoaortic reflexes. During aortic constriction and vagal cooling, the carotid sinus reflex, acting alone, causes large increases in renal and total peripheral resistance and mean aortic pressure. PMID- 6667325 TI - Studies on the hydrolysis of biocompatible acrylic polymers having aspirin moieties. AB - Both the homogeneous and heterogeneous hydrolysis of five new acrylic polymers having aspirin-moieties, i.e. polymers of beta-(acetylsalicylyloxy)ethyl methacrylate, beta-(acetylsalicylyloxy) propyl methacrylate,beta (acetylsalicylyloxy) ethyl acrylate, beta-hydroxy-gamma-(acetylsalicylyloxy) propyl methacrylate, beta-hydroxy-gamma-(acetylsalicylyloxy) propyl acrylate were investigated in acidic or alkaline medium at 30 degrees C or 60 degrees C, respectively. It was observed that the chief hydrolyzed product is always aspirin with minor amount of salicylic acid. PMID- 6667324 TI - Radiographic and histologic evaluation of intramedullary implants intended for biological fixation. AB - Three mechanisms of direct biological attachment of implants to bone were examined using femoral intramedullary implants. The implant systems studied were; low temperature isotropic (LTI) pyrolytic carbon, carbon coated porous Co-Cr-Mo alloy and 45S5 bioglass coated Co-Cr-Mo alloy. A detailed radiographic examination revealed that all three implant systems caused significant remodeling of the femurs resulting in an hour-glass appearance. The implants were also associated with a densification of cancellous bone proximal and distal to the ends of the implant. Histologically, all three implant systems exhibited a direct bone-implant bond at the majority of the interfaces. The LTI pyrolytic carbon implants were associated with a higher incidence of fibrous tissue encasement in the proximal cancellous bone region. Active bone remodeling was observed within the pores of the porous Co-Cr-Mo alloy implants even after 8 months in situ. PMID- 6667326 TI - Experimental attempts to reduce acrylic cement porosity. AB - In this work, attempts to reduce the levels of porosity in acrylic bone cements were studied. Specimens were cured with additional external pressures or were ejected from commercially available bone cement ejection systems. Density measurements were used to calculate levels of porosity in the specimens. Decreases in porosity were observed when specimens of Zimmer Low Viscosity Cement and Simplex-P bone cements were cured at increased pressures in a stainless steel die. Tensile strengths were increased in those specimens which demonstrated decreases in porosity. Specimens ejected from the cement guns demonstrated significant levels of porosity, but showed improved mechanical properties when ejected from cement guns with narrow orifices. Increased strengths were apparently due to a redistribution of the pores, as was demonstrated by SEM. Continued improvements in mixing and placement of bone cement which would help eliminate porosity are highly recommended. PMID- 6667327 TI - 19F-NMR study of DNA bis-intercalation. PMID- 6667328 TI - Viscometric study of the proteoglycan--hyaluronate (2:1) "dimer": minimum hyaluronate chain length. PMID- 6667329 TI - Laser-Raman spectra, sulfhydryl groups, and conformation of the cystine linkages of beta-lactoglobulin. PMID- 6667330 TI - DNA supercoiling induced by a synthetic polypeptide. PMID- 6667331 TI - X-ray diffraction studies on the structure of hydrated collagen. PMID- 6667332 TI - An affinity scale for the interaction of amino acid residues with nucleic acids. PMID- 6667333 TI - Dictionary of protein secondary structure: pattern recognition of hydrogen-bonded and geometrical features. PMID- 6667334 TI - Vibration of DNA polymer in viscous solvent. PMID- 6667335 TI - Theoretical studies of nucleic acid interactions. I. Estimates of conformational mobility in intercalated chains. PMID- 6667336 TI - A critical evaluation of models for complex molecular dynamics: application of NMR studies of double- and single-stranded DNA. PMID- 6667337 TI - Magnetic birefringence study of the electrostatic and intrinsic persistence length of DNA. PMID- 6667338 TI - [Comparative genetics of hereditary and non-hereditary cancers]. AB - This editorial gives introduction to the cell and viral oncogenes, their inter relation and normal and tumorigenic functions, and to the anti-oncogenes in the case of hereditary neoplasias. PMID- 6667339 TI - Differential susceptibility and cytopathic alterations induced by PTT. 119, a new cancericidal compound, p-fluoro-Phe-L-Phe-m-bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-L-Phe-Met ethoxy HCl. AB - PTT.119 is a new synthetic compound under assessment as a chemotherapeutic agent against neoplasia. Exposure of three diverse tumor cell lines, L1210 leukemia, MJY-alpha mammary tumor, and B16 melanoma to 1 to 50 micrograms PTT.119/ml for 15, 30 or 60 minutes significantly reduced cell survivals. Each tumor model was differentially susceptible to PTT.119 activity in the extent and kinetics of cell cytolysis. Pathological changes unique to each tumor cell type were also observed and included nuclear fragmentation and lobulation, formation of multinucleated cells, mitotic asynchrony and vacuolization of both nuclear and cytosol compartments. The data demonstrate the necessity of using more than one tumor system for the evaluation of compounds and suggest that PTT.119 exerted its cancericidal activity by more than one mechanism. PMID- 6667340 TI - Cytotoxicity of aniline mustard glucuronide alone or in a combination with glucose in Walker cells in culture and sarcoma-180 tumour bearing animals. AB - The effect of aniline mustard glucuronide (AMG), p-hydroxyaniline mustard (HAM), and aniline mustard (AM), on Walker ascites tumour cells in vitro showed that AM in about 80 times more toxic than its glucuronide but HAM is at least 800 times more toxic. A non toxic dose of AMG became completely lethal to Walker tumour cells in vitro, if bovine liver beta-glucuronidase was added to the incubation medium. Prior treatment of Walker tumour cells in vitro with glucose, increased the breakdown of AMG to HAM within the intact cells, while a non-toxic dose of the glucuronide became completely lethal to cells pretreated with glucose. The administration of AMG in combination with glucose to animals bearing the highly resistant to alkylating agents Sarcoma-180 tumour, increased the toxicity of the glucuronide but produced a slight effect on tumour growth. Glucose administration in Sarcoma-180 and ADJ/PC6 tumour bearing animals did not alter the tumour intracellular pH determined in vivo indirectly from the distribution of the weak non-metabolizable organic acid 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolinedione (DMO) between intra- and extra-cellular water. The present data suggest that the combination of aniline mustard glucuronide with glucose, could be effective in those tumours which have a high beta-glucuronidase activity and a lower tumour intracellular pH could be induced by glucose. PMID- 6667342 TI - Oncogenes and chromosomes. AB - Two tumors of B lymphocytes, murine plasmacytomas and human Burkitt's lymphoma, display characteristic chromosomal translocations. Molecular cloning studies have shown that these tumors have translocated an oncogene, called C'MYC, into the antibody gene locus. This oncogene translocation probably contributes to but is not sufficient for the occurrence of these tumors. PMID- 6667341 TI - Transient glucose intolerance in rats after a single injection of serum from a diabetic patient with an unusual insulin resistance. AB - The single intravenous injection to rats of 1 ml of serum from an insulin resistant patient without an excessive titre of insulin antibodies (total extractable insulin levels: 0.8 U/l, serum insulin binding capacity: 1.58 U/l) and no demonstrable insulin receptor antibodies, produced fasting hyperglycemia in the animals on the fourth day following the injection (FPG: 212 +/- 35 mg %). On the 7th day the FPG returned to normal but the IVGTT was still pathological. After 14 days there was complete normalisation of the IVGTT. Glucose intolerance did not occur when rats were injected with 1 ml of the following control sera: the patient's serum following 6 months of treatment with cyclophosphamide when her insulin resistance was in remission, pooled sera from IDD's without insulin resistance, serum from an insulin resistant IDD with a high titre of insulin binding capacity (greater than 40 U/l) or with serum from a normal human subject. There were no alterations on light microscopy of the pancreatic islets of rats sacrificed on the 4th or 21st days. The above data suggest that our patient carried an uncharacterised substance which was capable of inducing glucose intolerance in rats. Hypothetically, it may be postulated that it was an immunoglobulin or some other protein acting via downregulation of insulin receptors or interfering with a post-receptor event mediating insulin action. PMID- 6667343 TI - [Gel fractionation of immunoglobulins in the detection of specific antitoxoplasma IgM. Evaluation of a 1-year study]. AB - Toxoplasmosis seroconversion is diagnosed on the presence of fluorescent antibodies. IgG level kinetics and presence of IgM at the Remington test are usually the points taken in consideration. But the Remington test can be false positive, or inadequate. The authors report their experience of gel filtration of sera in toxoplasmosis, and discuss the help that this method can be establishing diagnosis in the case of a positive Remington test. PMID- 6667344 TI - Phosphatidyl ethanolamine methylation in membrane from bronchoalveolar lavage mononuclear cells, in asthmatic patients: a new marker of macrophage activity. AB - Phosphatidyl ethanolamine methylation was compared in alveolar macrophage membrane from asthmatic and control subjects. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine methylase activity was determined by measuring the incorporation of (3H) methyl group from (3H) adenosyl methionine into membrane phospholipids. (3H) methyl group incorporation was significantly higher in macrophages from asthmatic patients. This result is consistent with macrophage membrane activation and could signify: a membrane phospholipid pool regeneration after allergenic or toxic disturbance or an enzymatic activation by inflammatory mediators. PMID- 6667345 TI - Interference of hyperleukocytosis on Coulter Counter Model S blood counts: methods for correction. AB - Hyperleukocytosis leads to an overestimation of the determination by Coulter Counter Model S of erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, MCV and packed cell volume. These overestimations are proportional to the number of leukocytes above a certain limit, and, for the MCV and PCV, depend on the type of leukocytes present. Regression lines have been calculated which allow for correction of the values obtained. PMID- 6667346 TI - Relative female superiority in resistance to malignant transformation induced by radiation and smoking: due to higher basal prostaglandin levels and lower essential fatty acid needs? PMID- 6667347 TI - In vitro degradation of leucine in muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and kidney of fed and starved sheep. AB - In vitro rates of conversion of [1-14C]leucine to 4-methyl-2-oxo[1-14C]pentanoate and of oxidation of [1-14C] and [U-14C]leucine were measured for tissues from fed and starved (5 days) sheep. Slices of liver and kidney and preparations of adipose tissue and of fibre bundles of external intercostal muscle (EIC) were used. Skeletal muscle is likely the major site of leucine catabolism in sheep although adipose tissue is capable of substantial metabolism. Muscle and adipose tissue from fed sheep released 17 and 5% of the [1-14C]leucine transaminated as 4 methyl-2-oxo-[1-14C]pentanoate and upon starvation the proportions were increased (P less than 0.001) to 46 and 32%. Starvation reduced (P less than 0.01) leucine catabolism in all tissues except the kidney. The pattern of leucine catabolism in EIC muscle changed from extensive oxidation in the fed state to being limited essentially to transamination and decarboxylation in the starved state. PMID- 6667348 TI - An investigation of the growth characteristics of oil-palm (Elaeis guineensis) suspension cultures using 31P NMR. AB - High-resolution 31P nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) spectra are reported for oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) cells in suspension culture. The spectra are a significant improvement on the results that have appeared for other cultures and they are comparable with the spectra of the meristematic tissue in seedling roots. The NMR technique was used in parallel with other analytical methods to investigate the growth characteristics of the suspension culture, including the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. PMID- 6667350 TI - Lack of efficacy of xeroradiography to preoperatively detect axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer. AB - Xeroradiography of the axilla was performed in 132 patients with operable breast cancer to investigate the status of the axillary lymph nodes. Pathologic findings were correlated with the results of clinical examination and xeroradiographic findings. Xeroradiography does not appear to have improved our ability to identify axillary lymph node metastases in patients with breast cancer. PMID- 6667349 TI - Prognostic value of estrogen and progesterone receptors in primary breast cancer. AB - Estradiol receptor alone or estradiol and progesterone receptors (ER, PgR) have been measured in tumors from 307 women who were treated for primary breast adenocarcinoma. Patients received adjuvant therapy in relation to tumor stage independently of receptor status. Over a relatively short follow-up, more recurrences are recorded in patients with ER+ tumors, but at 7 years the same proportion of recurrences are registered in both groups of patients whose tumors were ER+ or ER-. Patients whose tumors were processed for both ER and PgR (148 cases) have now been evaluated after 5 years follow-up. Among 56 patients with PgR+ tumors 5 recurred, versus 22/92 in the PgR- group. 21/87 patients who had 1 to 4 invaded nodes at the time of surgery relapsed: 17/54 had PgR- tumors versus 4/33 PgR+. 6 recurrences were recorded in the 61 patients with negative nodes: 5 of them occurred in patients with PgR- tumors. In addition, recurrences observed in patients with negative receptor status occurred after a shorter disease-free interval. Analysis of the incidence of recurrences in relation to the combined ER/PgR status in patients who did not receive adjuvant therapy suggests that tumor PgR content is a more significant criterion than ER for long-term prognosis. PMID- 6667352 TI - [Attitudes of physicians and medical students towards cancer and cancer patients]. AB - We used the Cancer Attitude Survey (Haley-Blanchard) to investigate attitudes of general practitioners, oncologists in a cancer center, and medical students (during the second part of medical studies (DCEM), at the beginning and the end of a clinical course, and at the last examination ("Cliniques")) towards cancer and cancer patients. This CAS is designed to determine mainly attitudes on inner resources of patients to cope with cancer, value of early diagnosis, aggressive treatments and preparation for, and acceptance of death. There are significant differences between different groups, and for younger students between the beginning and the end of a clinical course in a cancer hospital. There are also differences between French and American doctors. In comparison with American, French mainly underestimate the inner resources of cancer patients while their attitudes are similar for early diagnosis and aggressive treatment. Such a survey is able to give objective data on present attitudes and also to examine how they change with time. PMID- 6667351 TI - [Acute leukemia and breast cancer : apropos of 12 cases observed in the Department of Oncology at the Henri Mondor Hospital]. AB - The authors report 12 cases of acute leukemia observed after breast cancer. 4 patients received only adjuvant radiotherapy, whereas the other eight received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Acute leukemia appeared with a mean time of 5.5 years after the detection of breast cancer and was preceded in 7 cases by isolated pancytopenia during 4 months. Acute leukemias were always non lymphoblastic and myelofibrosis was very frequent. A complete remission was obtained at three patients out of the seven treated. The mean survival time was 5.6 months. The existence of acute leukemia after chemo-and/or radiotherapy poses several problems. The detection of patients with a high risk of leukemia by different methods such as cytogenetic, studies of dysmyelopoietic symptoms, is actually often too late occurring during preleukemia states of bad prognosis. We also need to know the exact incidence of secondary leukemia after treatment of breast carcinoma and the real benefit of such treatment. PMID- 6667353 TI - [Malignant lymphomas and other hematosarcomas with initial breast localization. Retrospective study of 20 cases]. AB - A review of 20 cases of malignant lymphomas and other hematopoietic sarcomas initially localized in the mammary gland permitted us to determine some main clinical and morphologic features. Ages range from 14 to 74 years. Clinical features consist of two principal aspects: a radiologically homogeneous, well circumscribed mass or an inflammatory tumor. After staging, one half of the cases remain localized only in the mammary gland (extranodal stage I). Granulocytic sarcoma, monoblastic sarcoma and Hodgkin's disease are very rare. Non Hodgkin's lymphomas are the most frequent. In 40 per cent of the cases, it is a diffuse, large non cleaved cell type, according to the working formulation for clinical usage (centroblastic in the Kiel classification). These are probably B cell derived malignant lymphomas. Eleven per cent of the cases fall into the large cell with multilobated nuclei type according to Pinkus, which probably is a T cell derived malignant lymphoma. Treatment consists of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, mastectomy is not advisable. Like any malignant lymphoma localized in other sites, prognosis depends on two main data: clinical stage of the disease and histologic type. Ten patients are in complete remission, the median survival being 3.5 years. PMID- 6667354 TI - The cancer registry as a tool to detect industrial risks. AB - The cancer registry plays a role both for the generation and testing of hypotheses of cancer risks in relation to occupation. Most industrial risks have been detected by an alert clinician; but increased risk of nasal cancer in relation to wood work was also observed in the Danish Cancer Registry. Although 55 out of 81 cancer registries in the world record occupation this information is not fully exploited. Emerging associations should be compared internationally and followed by independent testing in studies of the cohort as case-control type. Cancer registries may be useful in both, but to that end records must be stored for decades both in industry and in the registry and they must carry personal identification. Linkage of records for medical purposes should be legal and subject to supervision by a Data Protection Board. PMID- 6667355 TI - [Operable cancers of the rectum: preoperative radiotherapy. Retrospective study of 192 cases treated at the Curie Institute]. AB - Pre-operative irradiation in operable cancer of the rectum remains controversial. This is a report of a retrospective study about 192 patients treated between 1958 and 1980 at the Institut Curie (Paris) for a rectal cancer. An abdomino-perineal resection was done in 144 patients, 83 as a primary procedure and 61 after a pre operative irradiation. During the same period 48 patients had an anterior resection. We put in this study the only patients who underwent curative surgery. Irradiation was given with high voltage by a four field "box technique". The tumour received 40 to 50 grays in 5 to 6 weeks. The operation was done at least 6 weeks after the end of the irradiation. There was no difference for the sex, and age of the patients, and in the size of the tumour before treatment, between the patients irradiated and those operated on as a primary procedure. There was no difference in the operative mortality as well as the 3, 5, and 10 year survival in the two groups. Pre-operative irradiation did not change the number of perineal recurrences or the number of visceral metastases. The healing of the perineum was significantly longer in the irradiated patients (p less than 0.001). The survival was closely related to the Dukes classification. The number of Dukes A patients was significantly higher (p = 0.02) after irradiation: 26/61 (43%) vs 19/83 (23%) when the patients were not irradiated. In our experience pre operative irradiation can shrink some large tumours helping the surgical act.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6667356 TI - Clinical interest of seric CA19.9 determination in differential diagnosis of patients with peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. PMID- 6667357 TI - Parametric studies of tinnitus masking and residual inhibition. AB - A study was made of the relation between tinnitus masker composition (frequency, bandwidth, intensity duration) and the time course and magnitude of residual inhibition (RI). RI was determined by methods of (a) loudness estimation - where the subject varied the pointer position on a loudness scale (b) loudness balance where the tinnitus loudness was maintained in loudness balance in the period following masking with a tone of variable intensity presented to the opposite ear. In addition, sensitivity change (temporary threshold shift, TTS) in the tinnitus and masker frequency regions was measured by determining tone thresholds (using a tracking technique) before and after masker presentation. The key findings were as follows: (I) RI depends on masker centre frequency. The frequency producing maximal RI is usually lower than the tinnitus frequency (as determined by pitch matching). (2) In some subjects only narrow-band noise produces RI. (3) RI is proportional to the masker intensity provided the tinnitus is completely masked; little or no RI is produced by a partial masker. (4) For the masker durations used (in the range 10 s to 10 min) RI duration is linearly related to the logarithm of masker duration. (5) A second masker presentation during RI does not potentiate RI. (6) Contralateral masking did not produce RI. (7) maskers producing RI also produce TTS around the tinnitus frequency. (8) The TTS magnitude and the time course of TTS appear to be related to RI. PMID- 6667358 TI - Clinical and technical aspects of continuous ERA recordings. AB - The recording of consistent ERA responses of maximum amplitude is dependent upon various clinical and technical factors. These are discussed in detail in relation to continuous patient monitoring. Particular attention is paid to electrode quality and care and techniques for chloriding and impedance measurement are described. PMID- 6667359 TI - Towards fully objective evoked response audiometry. AB - The amplitude spectra of the auditory brainstem potentials evoked by free-field stimuli revealed significant differences from the corresponding spectra of pre stimulus records. This was most marked for low order harmonics and in response to high intensity stimuli. In general, however, the shape of the amplitude spectrum for pre-stimulus and post-stimulus epochs was similar and the magnitude of the differences between corresponding harmonics became progressively smaller as stimulus intensity was reduced. Given that the spectrum of each coherent grand average is a function of the amplitude and phase spectra of the response ensemble, these were separately examined. Ensemble mean amplitude of individual harmonics diminished with stimulus intensity while their phases became progressively less aggregated. Phase standard deviation, used as a parameter of this aggregation, was found to change more systemically with stimulus intensity than ensemble mean amplitude. Phase standard deviation values for threshold responses were generally significantly smaller than corresponding harmonics obtained from sub-threshold responses. By contrast the amplitude differences between populations of threshold and sub-threshold responses were generally non significant. These findings suggested that fully objective methods of threshold determination might more successfully be based on ensemble phase measures rather than amplitude measures. PMID- 6667360 TI - The hearing-impaired child in the hearing society. AB - This paper sets out to describe a method of educating the hearing-impaired which has been operating successfully for the past 18 years. The underlying tenet of our approach is that considerable communicative skills can be developed with children who have marked hearing loss. Even if the child is profoundly deaf he or she has some sensory input which can be used as the basis for training in language development. The attempt to make the most of the minimal hearing of the hearing-impaired child has proved to be successful in the vast majority of cases. The profoundly hearing-impaired child can learn to listen and to produce the spoken word. This is demonstrated by use of video-tape. The interaction of teacher with child is heard and the regional accent can be identified. The prosodic features of the speech are retained although articulation may be incomplete. Intelligibility of utterance is shown to be a combination of rhythm stress and intonation based on previously heard patterns rather than on perfectly articulated sounds. The social consequence of this approach is that child is not relegated to a minority subculture where only the deaf can communicate with the deaf but is allowed to enter into the world of normal relationships and expectations. Deaf children can be taught to listen and to use imperfectly heard patterns in order to interpret the meaning of language. This input of speech follows the natural language normally used by the child who is not deaf. PMID- 6667361 TI - Vasomotor response to pure tones using photoplethysmography. AB - Digital photoplethysmography has been applied to the determination of hearing levels for pure tones. On average, the levels established were some 30 dB higher than those obtained with conventional pure-tone audiometry. Intervals between stimuli, however, were shown to have a significant effect upon the responses and the evidence suggests that recovery periods of 5 min may be required to obtain stable responses. The resulting testing tone involved is probably too long for most practical purposes. PMID- 6667362 TI - [Teaching medical law in medical schools]. PMID- 6667363 TI - A family nurse practitioner program for primary health care in the eastern Caribbean. PMID- 6667364 TI - Epidemiology and ecology of gastric cancer in Costa Rica. PMID- 6667365 TI - Epidemiologic survey of cutaneous leishmaniasis: an experience in Merida, Venezuela. PMID- 6667366 TI - Community participation in health activities: some concepts and appraisal criteria. PMID- 6667367 TI - Alcohol consumption levels in Costa Rica. PMID- 6667368 TI - Afferents from limbic system-related regions to the frontal cortex in the bush baby (Galago senegalensis). AB - Afferents from limbic system-related structures (aside from the cingulate and retrosplenial cortex) to medial and lateral regions of the bush baby's frontal cortex were investigated by means of the somatopetal transport of horseradish peroxidase. The frontopolar region received afferents from the subicular cortex, the lateral nucleus of the amygdala, from hypothalamic nuclei, the ventral tegmental area and other brain stem nuclei. Injections of horseradish peroxidase into other frontal regions usually resulted in labeled cells in brain stem nuclei and in the hypothalamus, but not in telencephalic regions; only the large injection into the posterior part of the frontal cortex was followed by labeled amygdaloid neurons. From these results it is concluded that a small number of limbic system-related telecephalic areas projects to the frontal cortex and that a somewhat larger number of diencephalic and brain stem nuclei reaches this part of the cortex. PMID- 6667369 TI - The role of the corticospinal tract in the evolution of human digital dexterity. AB - A morphometric analysis of the corticospinal tract's relation to digital dexterity was performed on 21 species theoretically related to man's ancestral lineage. The results indicate that the Primate line is not unique among mammals with respect to the cortical control of digital dexterity. A comparative analysis suggests that two changes took place early in Primate evolution: a reduction in functional distance (i.e. number of synapses) between neocortex and spinal motor neurons innervating the digits, and an extension of direct neocortical influence beyond the cervical segments of the spinal cord. A further change progressed throughout Primate evolution, from the mid-Eocene to the present, in which the overall size of the corticospinal tract increased steadily as though consolidating the cortical influence over body musculature, especially that of the digits. PMID- 6667370 TI - Contralateral as well as ipsilateral projections to raccoon cerebellum from external cuneate nuclei and cell groups f and x. AB - To assess the locations and densities of cells in the dorsal medulla giving rise to ipsilateral versus contralateral projections to the mechanosensory regions of cerebellar cortex in the anterior lobe and paramedian lobule, these cortical regions were injected unilaterally with horseradish peroxidase in each of 5 raccoons. To show injection sites and retrogradely labelled cells in the medulla, sections through the medulla and the cerebellum, in at least two different planes for each, were reacted with tetramethylbenzidine; alternate sections were reacted with cobalt-enhanced diaminobenzidine. Labelled were 60-80% of cells in the ipsilateral and 15-25% of cells in the contralateral external cuneate nuclei, as well as 25-50% of cells in the ipsilateral and the contralateral cell groups f and x near the descending vestibular nucleus. Substantial contralateral, as well as ipsilateral cerebellar projections from external cuneate nuclei and cell group x may be related to development of forelimb dexterity in raccoons, since these nuclei mediate forelimb muscular sensibility. The numerical complementarity of ipsilaterally versus contralaterally projecting cells suggests that they represent two separate populations. PMID- 6667371 TI - Preliminary quantitative studies of prehension in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). AB - Squirrel monkeys were filmed in the act of prehending objects of various sizes, shapes, and states of motion. Subsequent three-dimensional analyses indicated that general aspects of prehension do not vary grossly across individuals nor as a function of the object to be prehended, at least at the level of measurement used in these studies. The monkeys exhibited only whole-hand control, even with small or moving objects. However, in comparison with stationary objects, moving objects did elicit variations of arm and hand positions, and were associated with higher frequencies of blinking than nonmoving objects. Some stationary objects also elicited subtle adjustments of movement and form. Sex differences were found in several aspects of prehensive movement and passive joint mobility, but the significance of these findings is not yet clear. PMID- 6667372 TI - Anatomical demonstration of the location and collateralization of rubral neurons which project to the spinal cord, lateral brainstem and inferior olive in the North American opossum. AB - Rubral neurons innervating the spinal cord, the lateral brainstem and the inferior olivary nucleus have been identified in the North American opossum by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and fluorescent markers. Neurons which project to the spinal cord are found mainly in caudal and rostroventral parts of the red nucleus. In contrast, rubral neurons which innervate the facial nucleus and lateral areas of the medulla are most numerous rostrodorsally. There is overlap in the location of rubral neurons which project to the spinal cord and lateral brainstem, however and; double-labelling techniques show that some rubral neurons provide collaterals to both areas. Neurons which innervate the inferior olive are located primarily in rostromedial portions of the red nucleus with some overlap with those innervating the spinal cord. Few rubral neurons provide collaterals to both the spinal cord and inferior olive. PMID- 6667373 TI - Observations on rat cerebellar cells in vitro: influence of substratum, potassium concentration and relationship between neurones and astrocytes. AB - We present data on the effect of elevated concentrations of K+ ions (25 mM) and polylysine (PLL) coating of the substratum on the in vitro survival and behaviour of cells derived from 8-day-old rat cerebellum. The cells were grown in Eagle's basal medium in the presence of 10% foetal calf serum and cytosine arabinoside (10 microM), as a mitotic inhibitor. The most conspicuous effect of the high potassium was to facilitate the relatively long survival of the nerve cells, whereas PLL influenced the nerve cell attachment and thereby the size of the aggregates formed in the cultures. When cells were grown in high [K+] on PLL coated dishes (standard conditions) over 70% of the plated cells survived beyond 7 DIV, and about 95% of the cells were small interneurones, tentatively identified as predominantly granule cells. The most numerous non-neuronal cells were glial fibrillary acid protein (GFA) positive astrocytes. The beneficial effect of high potassium on nerve cell survival was most prominent after 7 DIV, when it is known that transmission-associated neurochemical functions are just becoming detectable under the standard conditions. Initially (at 3 DIV) under all the tested conditions, and throughout the experimental period under the standard conditions, the dominant type of GFA-positive cells was the process bearing 'differentiated' astrocyte. When the conditions resulted in a great decrease in nerve cell numbers, on the other hand, flat astroblast-like cells became the most abundant cells in this class. Neurones grown on polylysine in the presence of 25 mM potassium extended neurites as early as 6 h after plating, and with longer culture times, an extensive network of fibres of neuronal origin was generated. Neurites did not seem to follow the processes of GFA-positive astrocytes in the cultures. Although there was a limited tendency for neuronal cell bodies to be positioned around astrocytes at 1 DIV, this became less marked with time, and no preferential association between astrocytes and neurones could be detected in the cultures later than 2 DIV. PMID- 6667374 TI - Mitochondria in the postnatally developing rat cerebellar cortex: a morphological and biochemical study. AB - Ultrastructural changes during development in the proliferating cells of the external granular layer and the granule cells of the internal granular layer of the rat cerebellar cortex were examined. Changes in the number of free ribosomes, development of membrane systems, nuclear appearance and the number of cristae and matrix density of mitochondria suggested that both the round and elongated cells of the external granular layer and the granule cells of the internal granular layer were at same stage of maturation at any given age. Quantitatively, the relative volumes of cytoplasm and of mitochondria in the granule cells of internal granular layer were significantly higher than in the proliferating external granular layer cells; however, mitochondrial density and its increase during development were not significantly different in the two cell populations. The activity of the mitochondrial enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase, was also similar in ultrastructurally preserved and metabolically competent perikaryal fractions enriched in replicating external granular layer cells, granule cells and Purkinje cells. These findings emphasize the similarities between proliferating external granular layer cells and granule cells of internal granular layer. They lend support to the view that these cell types at the ages examined, represent a continuum of maturation towards full neuronal differentiation. PMID- 6667375 TI - Postnatal developments of AChE activity in the hippocampus of the reeler mutant mouse. AB - The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the hippocampus and the dentate gyrus in the reeler mutant mouse was studied histochemically by the method of Karnovsky and Roots. Developmental studies were done on days 0,3,6,9,12,15,18 and 21 postnatally, and in adults. The adult reeler mouse differs from the normal mouse in that there is no accumulation of the activity at the junction between the stratum lacunosum-moleculare and the stratum radiatum, weaker and divided activity in CA1, and the translocation of the activity to the granule cell zone of the dentate gyrus. The results obtained are considered to be due to the cells' ectopia. But also, other factors such as genesis of the cells in regard to constructing the cytoarchitecture, may influence them. According to the postnatal observations, the developmental pattern of AChE activity in the reeler mouse is about the same as in the normal mouse. AChE-rich cells in the hippocampus showed maximum activity and number from days 12 to 15. The neuropile reactions increased after day 9 in both kinds of mice. The relationship between the movement of the AChE positive neuropiles and cells and their functions are also discussed. PMID- 6667376 TI - Role of staggerer gene in determining cell number in cerebellar cortex. I. Granule cell death is an indirect consequence of staggerer gene action. AB - Mouse chimeras were made by aggregating two embryos at the 8-cell stage of development. These experimental mosaic animals are useful in assessing whether the effect of a mutant gene in a given cell type is direct (intrinsic) or indirect (extrinsic). The results reported are an analysis of the involvement of the staggerer gene in the phenotype of granule cell death observed in staggerer mutant mice. The ichthyosis mutation has been used as an independent cell marker. This mutation produces no known neurological defects but does cause a characteristic clumping of heterochromatin, especially in small cells. Analysis of two staggerer in equilibrium ichthyosis chimeras leads to the conclusion that staggerer granule cells, that would have died in the mutant, are rescued in the mosaic cerebella. The death of granule cells in the homozygous staggerer mutant is thus an indirect, epigenetic consequence of direct gene action in other cells. The implications and limitations of this conclusion are discussed. PMID- 6667377 TI - Postnatal development of a cellular response to stress in rat brain. AB - In vivo synthesis of a stress protein (SP71) in response to hyperthermia was examined in brain and several other tissues from rats ranging in age from 1 day to 25 weeks old. The synthesis of SP71 was increased dramatically by hyperthermia at all ages in all tissues examined except brain. We were unable to detect any increase in SP71 synthesis in brain due to hyperthermia until the rats were more than 2 weeks old. SP71 synthesized by the cerebral microvasculature in response to the trauma of tissue slicing has previously been reported to show a similar requirement for postnatal development. The onset of the increase in synthesis of SP71 in response to either mild hyperthermia or mechanical trauma correlates with the structural and functional maturation of the cerebral microvasculature and the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 6667379 TI - Vagal neurons and pathways to the rat's lower viscera: an electrophysiological study. AB - The vagal pathways to the rat's pancreas are anatomically difficult to describe. A stimulation/recording technique has been used on various segments of the vagus to trace vagal pathways to the lower viscera, and a microelectrode recording technique to locate vagal neurons of origin in the brain stem's dorsal motor nucleus (DMX). The two main pathways (right cervical vagus to dorsal celiac branch and left cervical vagus to ventral celiac branch) are supplemented by two accessory ones where each cervical vagus gives some fibers to its contralateral homologue at the diaphragmatic level. These pathways consist almost exclusively of C-fibers. Neurons of origin of the dorsal vagal trunk fibers have been identified by the collision test and occupy the caudal half of the DMX; those of the dorsal celiac branch fibers originate from the medial part of that area. PMID- 6667378 TI - Increased susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in adult rats following electrical kindling during brain development. AB - The persistence of seizure susceptibility into adulthood following kindling in the immature rat was assessed. Rats kindled electrically at age 30 days were significantly more susceptible to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures as adults than a control group. These findings demonstrate that kindling in the immature brain results in a permanent alteration in seizure susceptibility. PMID- 6667380 TI - Unilateral odor deprivation: differential effects due to time of treatment. AB - Rats were unilaterally deprived of odor stimulation by surgically sealing one naris 1, 30 or 60 days after birth. Thirty days later the laminar volumes of the olfactory bulb ipsilateral to the occluded naris were compared with those ipsilateral to the normal side. Deprivation from days 1-30 resulted in approximately 25% reductions in "deprived" bulb size, corroborating results reported by others. Altered experience at older ages had little effect on laminar volume suggesting that deprivation does not produce atrophy per se, but interacts with early developmental processes to result in differential bulb size. PMID- 6667381 TI - Effects of pinealectomy on neurohypophysial hormones in the SFO and plasma of dehydrated rats exposed to 12 hours of light. AB - Magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei synthesize and release vasopressin and oxytocin in response to dehydration. Pinealectomy has been observed to decrease the distribution in the supraoptic nuclei of thiamine diphosphate-phosphohydrolase, an enzyme specific for the Golgi apparatus that correlates positively with neurosecretory activity. Based upon these studies we postulated that pinealectomy would alter the concentration of neurohypohysial hormones in plasma elevated by 48 hr of water deprivation. In addition, we investigated the possibility that pinealectomy would affect vasopressin concentration in another circumventricular organ, the subfornical organ (SFO) and in a adjacent fiber tract of the limbic system, the hippocampal commissure-fornix (HC-F). Adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a 12 hr light/dark cycle were either unoperated (controls; C), sham-operated (Sham; S) or pinealectomized (PX) three weeks prior to testing. Food and water consumption and urinary excretion of Na and K were measured for 7 days. On the fifth day, half of the animals in each treatment group (C, S, PX) were deprived of water for 48 hr. Animals were decapitated on day 8. Vasopressin and oxytocin in plasma were extracted using bentonite and acetone-ether, respectively, then quantified by radioimmunoassay. The SFO and HC-F were microdissected from each brain. Like tissues from 4 rats were pooled, homogenized in 0.1 N HCl, and centrifuged. The supernatant was neutralized and vasopressin was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Dehydration resulted in antidiuresis, increased urine concentrations of Na and K, a decreased ratio of Na:K in urine, and reduced food consumption of similar magnitudes in all groups (C, S, PX; p greater than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6667382 TI - Amygdaloid neuronal responses to complex visual stimuli in an operant feeding situation in the monkey. AB - In chronically prepared monkeys, 337 neurons were recorded from the anterolateral amygdala during an operant task that required visual discrimination. Twelve percent (39/337) of the neurons responded to one or more of food or non-food visual stimuli. A subset of these responsive neurons was selectively sensitive to the sight of non-food objects with aversive associations. Simultaneous presentation of a food stimulus with the aversive object inhibited the response of these neurons. These response characteristics could not be explained by simple sensory processing of the visual stimuli. It is suggested that the amygdala plays an important role in the elaboration of motivational behavior by using the complex or associative properties of visual stimuli. PMID- 6667383 TI - Copper-induced release of immunoreactive alpha-melanotropin from isolated hypothalamic granules. AB - Previously, we demonstrated that copper chelates stimulate the release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) from isolated hypothalamic granules. To assess the generality of the copper-stimulated release process, we determined the effects of copper on the release of immunoreactive alpha-melanotropin (alpha MSHi) from isolated granules. When granules were incubated with various copper complexes, CuATP stimulated alpha-MSHi release by 54 +/- 6% (mean +/- S.E.), Cu tartarate by 56 +/- 4%, CuBSA by 32 +/- 5% and Cu histidine by 29 +/- 2%. CuATP stimulated alpha-MSHi release from granules incubated under N2 was 57% of that incubated under air. Furthermore, the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) inhibited CuATP-stimulated alpha-MSHi release (p less than 0.01), whereas oxidized DTT did not do so. Pretreatment of granules with the thiol-blocking reagents iodoacetic acid or 5, 5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) inhibited CuATP stimulated alpha-MSHi release by 52 +/- 3 and 38 +/- 4%, respectively. Thus, chelated copper, rather than ionic copper, is the active form of the metal and the action of copper involves the oxidation of thiols. These data are similar to those previously observed for the copper-stimulated release of LHRH. Hence, the effects of copper on the permeability of granule membranes may be a generalized phenomenon which underlies susceptibility of storage granules to the reduction oxidation status of the cellular milieu. PMID- 6667384 TI - Local excitability in the superior colliculus influences evoked responses of lateral geniculate cells in rabbits. AB - In anesthetized, immobilized rabbits recordings were made simultaneously from cells in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (CGL) and Superior Colliculus (CS), in order to study how the CS influences the CGL. The experimental protocol consisted of three steps. In the initial step (first control) the light stimulus was triggered electronically. In the second step (Test), the same stimulus was triggered by a spontaneous spike arising from a collicular cell. Thus the stimulus presentation was time-locked to collicular endogenous activity. The third step was the same as the first and constituted a second control. The frequencies of stimulus application were gated to be approximately the same. The results indicated that the CS exerts two separate effects on CGL units. In 37 pairs (26%), conditioning the stimulus presentation to collicular firing produced a significant enhancement of geniculate responses. In 24 pairs (17%), the geniculate responses declined. In 82 pairs (57%), no significant influence was noted. The colliculo-geniculate influence is transient. The effects peaked between 100 to 200 msec after the collicular spike and returned to their control levels within 300 msec. Collicular cells producing a decline were encountered mostly in the ventral part of the stratum griseum superficiale, and the stratum opticum, whereas collicular cells that were related to an increased geniculate response were more frequently found dorsally. Increments were more pronounced if the distance (D) between receptive fields was short (0 degrees less than D less than 40 degrees) or if the collicular and geniculate fields were far apart (120 degrees less than D less than 180 degrees). The decrement effect was attenuated as the distance separating the two receptive fields. This study suggests that the superior colliculus is capable of generating an internal signal powerful enough to modulate at the geniculate nucleus the visual message conveyed toward the visual cortex. A possible role of the CS in the initiation of the corollary discharge is briefly discussed. PMID- 6667385 TI - The permeability to exogenous protein of the wall of the superior sagittal sinus of the cat. AB - The permeability of the wall of the superior sagittal sinus of the cat has been studied using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as an exogenously applied tracer. Cats were given intracisternal or intravascular injections of HRP before being perfused transcardially for examination of sinus tissues with the electron microscope. Tissues were processed with diaminobenzidine to reveal peroxidase activity. A diffusion barrier to the protein tracer was seen to occur at the level of the arachnoid mater. When injections of HRP were made into the cisterna magna, the protein was able to course through the subarachnoid space surrounding the sinus, and sequestration of the tracer was seen in deep cell layers of the arachnoid mater. However, a series of zonulae occludentes at more apical levels of the arachnoid prevented the tracer from penetrating intercellularly to the level of the dura mater. Conversely, when HRP was given intravascularly, the protein penetrated intercellular spaces of the dura mater and apical levels of the arachnoid mater, stopping at the level of the zonulae occludentes of the arachnoid. This barrier layer appears to be continuous with the arachnoid barrier layer which prevents diffusion of large molecules through the arachnoid mater over the brain convexities. PMID- 6667386 TI - The interaction of food additives and protein content in broiler diets. AB - No evidence was found for an interaction between dietary crude protein content and the presence or absence of two proprietary food additives used as sources of avoparcin and zinc bacitracin. The food additives had a similar effect in increasing rate of growth resulting in significant improvements of about 2% in the food conversion ratios. PMID- 6667388 TI - Thermoneutral zone and resting metabolic rate of broilers. AB - Metabolic rate was determined once a week in broilers from a commercial source, from 1 to 63 d of age. The equations relating minimal resting metabolic rate (oxygen consumption, ml/bird h, y) and body weight (W) were: males 45 to 497 g, y = 3.2 W0.882; 597 to 3000 g, y = 40.5 W0.483; females 45 to 514 g, y = 2.52 W0.881; 514 to 2500 g, y = 12.3 W0.627. The relationship between lower critical temperature (Tcl, degree C, y) and age (d, x) may be described by the following equations: chicks 1 to 21 d, y = 34.2 - 0.32 x; 14 to 63 d, y = 49.4 x -0.194. The relationship between Tcl and W may be described by one equation for both sexes between 100 and 3000 g, y = 62.15 W-0.135. The equations for Tcl and data for upper critical temperature (Tcu) could be used to obtain maximal performance from broilers, with reduced costs, by providing a suitable environment related to age or body weight. PMID- 6667387 TI - Growth and food intake of intact and pinealectomised chickens treated with melatonin and triiodothyronine. AB - Male chickens of an egg-laying strain were used in an investigation of the effects of pinealectomy at 1 d after hatching. Pinealectomised birds killed at 28 d of age were significantly heavier than sham-operated chickens; intraperitoneal treatment of intact birds during the same period with 10 mg melatonin/kg d depressed weight gain, while 200 micrograms triiodothyronine (T3)/kg d given intramuscularly had no effect. Pinealectomized birds aged 11 weeks ate some food during the night, in contrast to intact birds, and ate significantly more food per 24 h; their short-term food intake responded to melatonin and T3 in a manner similar to that of intact birds. The electroencephalogram (EEG) of pinealectomised birds was affected to a slight degree of darkness, while in intact chickens there is a rapid and marked change in the EEG. PMID- 6667389 TI - The effect of body temperature on the growth rate of broilers. AB - The effect of body temperature (Tb) on the growth rate of male broilers was studied. Two pens (5 m2 each), one (A) near air inlets and one (B) near air outlets, were erected in a 12.5 m wide cross-ventilated, environmentally controlled poultry house. Of 100 birds of both sexes in each pen, 18 males were marked and weighed weekly, and in three of these in each pen body temperature was measured by telemetry over 24 h at 50, 54, 55, 58, and 62 d of age. At 62 d group B birds weighed 250 g less than A; implanted birds weighed less than their group means, but relative growth rates were similar. Mean lowest (08.00 to 09.00 h) and highest Tb (11.00 to 17.00 h) in group A were 41.35 degrees C and 42.13 degrees C, and in group B 41.48 degrees C and 42.86 degrees C, respectively. The regression of G (percentage gain in body weight/d) on noon maximum Tb (Tbn) was G = 46.25 - 1.024 Tbn. This study suggests that an air temperature above 32 degrees C depresses body-weight gain of broilers by about 10% between 5 and 9 weeks of age. Therefore, house temperature should not be allowed to increase above 28 degrees C, except if relative humidity also increases to 0.70 or more. PMID- 6667390 TI - Genetic-economic evaluation of traits in a broiler enterprise: the relative genetic-economic values. AB - Selection for growth rate and food utilisation (assuming annual genetic gains of 3 and 1.5% respectively) have about the same economic value and account for 94.3% of the annual potential economic savings in the production costs of an integrated broiler enterprise. Selection for more hatching eggs (annual genetic gain of 1.7 eggs) accounts for only 4.2% and selection for fertility, hatchability and reduced mortality have a value of less than 1% each. The introduction of the dwarf gene (dw) has a questionable economic value. Even if growth rate and fertility are not reduced by using dwarf females, the economic importance will equal no more than two generations of selection for growth rate. As egg production increases, the relative economic value of growth rate and food utilisation will increase, while the advantage of using dwarf females will decrease. Both body weight and body fat content (which are correlated with food utilisation) are moderately heritable and if body fat can be measured reliably in live birds, this may aid breeding for economic advantage. PMID- 6667391 TI - Genetic-economic evaluation of traits in a broiler enterprise: reduction of food intake due to increased growth rate. AB - Separate mathematical models for food consumption and growth pattern of broilers were used to derive a combined model to estimate food consumption during the growth period. The model was used to show that each reduction of one day in reaching a fixed body weight would reduce food consumption per bird by 50 to 60 g. Broiler lines with a slow growth rate at an early age and rapid growth rate near market age require appreciably less food overall. This feature should be considered in breeding and feeding programmes. PMID- 6667392 TI - The effects of methionine deficiency and egg production on feather loss in caged layers. AB - Feather loss was scored on the neck and crop area of 402 individually-caged hens, 61 weeks old and receiving either methionine-deficient or adequate diets. Both feather loss and egg production were greater for the hens receiving adequate diets. Within treatments there was a close relationship between egg output and feather loss. The findings are consistent with feather loss being caused by abrasion against the cage floor or walls during pre-laying behaviour. PMID- 6667393 TI - Rates of entry of alanine and glycerol and their contribution to glucose synthesis in fasted chickens. AB - Rates of entry of alanine and glycerol and their contribution to glucose synthesis were studied in 48-h fasted White Leghorn cockerels using primed constant intravenous infusions of L-[U-14C]alanine and [U-14C]glycerol. Entry rates of alanine and glycerol were 112 and 401 mumol/h per kg body weight, respectively. Of the total glucose irreversible loss (entry rate), 1.5 and 6.6% were derived from alanine and glycerol, respectively. The possibilities of the operation of a glyoxylate cycle and omega-oxidation of fatty acids in the fasted chicken are discussed. PMID- 6667394 TI - Pharmacological disruption of broodiness in White Rock domestic fowls. AB - The administration of bromocriptine (CB154) to broody hens (Gallus domesticus) impaired resumption of lay. Resumption of lay was stimulated in broody birds treated with clomiphene citrate (an anti-oestrogen) alone or following CB154 administration. The increased oviposition rate following a single intramuscular injection (21 mg) of clomiphene was long lasting, persisting for at least 16 weeks after treatment. Treatment of broody hens with clomiphene consistently improved (by 4%) the hatchability of the fertile eggs subsequently laid. PMID- 6667395 TI - The influence of dietary protein content on the performance of genetically lean or fat growing chickens. AB - Genetically lean or fat male chickens were fed from 3 to 8 weeks of age on four diets of different protein content: 152, 172, 191 or 211 g/kg. The two lower protein contents depressed growth of lean chickens but had no adverse effects on fat chickens. In both lines increasing dietary protein decreased food: gain ratio and abdominal fat desposition relative to live body weight. Protein deposited and the efficiency of utilisation of dietary protein were higher in all instances in lean birds. PMID- 6667396 TI - The fight against cancer--the 1982 legislative front. PMID- 6667398 TI - Why the budget crunch? PMID- 6667397 TI - Ultrastructural and purification studies on human tumor nucleolar antigens and nucleolar particles. AB - The presence of common nucleolar antigens in a broad array of human malignant tumors has led to several lines of investigations. In addition to studies on an increasing number of benign and malignant neoplasms with a variety of antibodies designed to statistically evaluate the presence of nucleolar antigens, purification procedures and chemical analyses are being used to characterize the specific antigens. The localization of the nucleolar antigens in HeLa cells was studied by the postembedding immunoelectron microscopic procedure employing rabbit antibodies to nucleoli or nuclear Tris extracts of these cells. The products of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complexes visualized by the reaction with diaminobenzidine in nucleoli were mainly found in the nucleolonemas which contain the dense nucleolar RNP components. When these nucleoli became compact after treatment of HeLa cells with adriamycin, the distribution of the immunoreactive products was altered along with distribution of the dense nucleolar components. The human nucleolar antigens were mainly localized to nucleolar regions containing the nucleolar RNP components. Improved purification of the antigens made it possible to provide a satisfactory amino acid analysis of one pI 6.3 antigen. Interestingly, some of the nucleolar antigen was found in miniparticle undescribed until now. PMID- 6667399 TI - Proliferative defects in ulcerative colitis patients. AB - The proliferative characteristics of epithelial cells in rectal biopsies from a group of 18 patients (ages 18-72) with ulcerative colitis spanning several months to over 20 years duration were examined, using an in vitro 3HTdR labeling technique. Although the labeling indices for patients with inflammatory bowel disease did not differ significantly from that of control (8.9 +/- 3.6 vs 7.7 +/- 3.9), the number of labeled cells/individual crypt column was higher among some crypts in ulcerative colitis patients. A normal proliferative pattern was demonstrated in crypts of 5/18 patients (27.8%) with DNA synthesis confined to the lower two-thirds of the crypt and the lower third the major zone of proliferation. Thirteen patients (72.2%) showed extension of the proliferative compartment to the surface of the glands, while retaining the lower third of the gland as the predominant proliferative zone (Stage I abnormality). Of these 13, seven had an additional abnormality, namely, a shift of the major zone of proliferation to the middle third of the crypt (Stage II abnormality), a pattern first reported in the colorectal mucosa of patients with a history of colon cancer. Precancerous lesions, including incompletely differentiated epithelium and lateral crypt budding, were recognized in all of these cases, suggesting that the Stage II abnormality is a proliferative parameter forecasting neoplastic transformation. PMID- 6667400 TI - Late infections following splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Here 145 reported post-splenectomy infections in 115 patients with Hodgkin's disease are reviewed. Such infections can occur at any age (median age 19.8 years) and the interval from splenectomy to the infection is quite variable (median 21.9 months). Most infections are present clinically as pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, or a combination thereof, with the most common offending organism being pneumococcus. The infection can be fulminant and even fatal. It is recommended that the spleen should only be removed when essential. A staging laparotomy and splenectomy seem justifiable only in cases of Hodgkin's disease where a change of staging would lead to a change of planned therapy. Prophylactic penicillin should be administered at least for 3 years and possibly indefinitely since post-splenectomy infections can occur many years later. Pneumococcal vaccine should also be given before any chemotherapy or radiotherapy is initiated. Prompt and aggressive treatment should be given when post-splenectomy infection is diagnosed. PMID- 6667401 TI - Estimating increases in skin cancer morbidity due to increases in ultraviolet radiation exposure. AB - It is generally accepted that if ozone levels in the stratosphere are depleted, greater amounts of shortwave ultraviolet radiation (UVB) will reach the earth's surface, resulting in increased morbidity of nonmelanoma skin cancer. The incidence and UVB data are now available from a new epidemiologic study of skin cancer conducted at eight locations of the United States. We found that either a simple power function or a simple exponential function could be used to describe these new data. According to estimates based on the power model, should the amount of exposure to UVB increase by 30%, then the incidence of skin cancer will increase by 60% in males and 45% in females. Estimates based on the exponential model vary by location, (53-96)% in males and (39-68)% in females. These estimates are somewhat lower than those based only on earlier data. We emphasize that skin cancer rates also depend on variables other than UVB which may be location specific. PMID- 6667402 TI - Mechanisms of neoplastic transformation. AB - This paper introduces a series of invited essays on current controversies in basic cancer research. The initial group of essays focuses on the detection and interpretation of molecular and cellular changes suspected to be of importance in the cause and pathogenesis of cancer. There are two formats: (i) differing viewpoints are presented in parallel, or (ii) the author(s) evaluate a hypothesis in light of available data. Each type of paper aims to critically evaluate current hypotheses and supporting data, while avoiding pronouncements on validity. Recent advances in molecular biology now permit us to consider genes as chemical entities. Individual genes can be isolated, cloned to produce multiple copies, sequenced, and assayed for biological function. This new molecular technology is being applied to fundamental questions in cancer research. The controversies resulting from these pioneering studies are the topics of the initial papers in this series. Forthcoming essays will concern the mechanism(s) of tumor promotion; a search for cancer genes by DNA transfection; the role of DNA rearrangements as initiating events in carcinogenesis; the O6 position of guanine as a critical target of carcinogens; and metals as mutagens and carcinogens. PMID- 6667403 TI - Hereditary cancers of man. PMID- 6667404 TI - Are patient safeguards adequate? PMID- 6667405 TI - Estradiol and progesterone in human breast cancer cytosols and their relationship to receptor incidence. AB - Plasma and breast cancer cytosol estradiol and progesterone levels were determined in pre and postmenopausal women and correlated with tumor estrogen and progesterone receptor incidence and content. There was no statistical correlation between plasma estradiol levels and estrogen or progesterone receptor incidence or content in premenopausal patients. Similarly, no correlation was apparent between plasma estradiol and progesterone levels, and tumor cytosol steroid concentration in either pre or postmenopausal women. In contrast to these observations, a significant inverse relationship developed between plasma progesterone levels and progesterone receptor incidence in premenopausal patients. An increase in tumor progesterone concentration in pre and postmenopausal patients was also significantly, and inversely related to receptor incidence. Our observations suggest that an increase in plasma progesterone and a decrease in tumor estrogen: progesterone ratio is significantly correlated with a decrease in estrogen and progesterone receptor incidence in pre- and postmenopausal patients. PMID- 6667406 TI - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against human malignant melanoma. AB - The specific immunoreactivities of 31 monoclonal antibodies against human malignant melanoma were analyzed on a variety of malignant and nonmalignant human cells. Seven distinct groups were defined based on reactivity in radioimmunoassay and in mixed hemadsorption assay. The Group A antibody bound to 33% of short- and long-term cultured melanomas; Group B antibodies reacted with the majority of melanomas, astrocytomas, neuroblastomas, and fetal polygonal cells; and Group C antibodies bound to melanomas, teratocarcinomas, and to melanocytes grown in the presence of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. Antibodies of Groups D-G showed a less restricted binding pattern. In all groups, antibodies of IgG2b and IgM isotypes mediated complement-dependent lysis (CDC) and antibodies of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b isotypes mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Biochemical analysis indicated that 16 different proteins with molecular weights ranging between 28,000 and 500,000 were detected by the monoclonal antimelanoma antibodies. PMID- 6667407 TI - Controversies in the management of primary breast cancer--a surgical analysis. PMID- 6667408 TI - Health research funding: politics, promise, and priorities. PMID- 6667409 TI - Time to speak out! PMID- 6667410 TI - Study of the natural history of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and atypical immunoproliferative disorders. AB - Twenty-three patients, 9 with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and 14 with atypical immunoproliferative disorders (AIPD), were studied in order to determine their clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features. Diffuse lymphadenopathy was present in all patients. Patients with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (ILA) had an increased incidence of constitutional signs and symptoms. Radiographic findings in both groups were indistinguishable from those of malignant lymphomas. Of all the clinical characteristics examined to establish a prognostic significance, a positive history of allergies and the presence of polyclonal gammopathy were associated with a worse prognosis. Of the 22 patients treated, 15 initially received single agents and seven combination chemotherapy. The median survival of patients who received combination chemotherapy has not been reached at 38 months, while that of the patients on single agents is 10 months. Of 9 patients who achieved complete remission, 7 remain alive, while all 14 patients who failed to achieve a complete remission have already expired. Patients initially treated with combination chemotherapy tolerated treatment well and had a more favorable outcome with only three deaths (mostly secondary to tumor recurrence) in seven patients. Even though these entities are not considered malignant morphologically, their clinical behavior frequently resembles that of a lymphomatous disorder as confirmed by the short median survival of 22 months for AIPD and 24 months for ILA. Once progressive disease is documented, we recommend combination chemotherapy as initial therapy. PMID- 6667412 TI - Controversies in the management of breast cancer: one radiotherapist's view. PMID- 6667411 TI - Gastrointestinal necrosis in acute leukemia: a complication of induction therapy. AB - Gastrointestinal complications in acute leukemia have been infrequently reported. Reported here is a review of all patients on the hematology teaching service with acute leukemia from 1974 to 1980 and those with intestinal complications. Of the 50 patients with acute leukemia, 14 (28%) developed an acute abdominal catastrophe. They presented with an acute surgical abdomen, diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding, and a paralytic ileus. All were granulocytopenic and thrombocytopenic. All but one episode was associated with the death of the patients; survival ranged from 4 to 26 days (median 9 days) after their last dose of chemotherapeutic drugs. Cytarabine was administered in 13 of the 14 patients. It is believed that bowel necrosis which causes death in acute leukemia occurs more frequently than previously thought. There is a close association of the clinical syndrome with chemotherapeutic drugs, especially cytarabine. PMID- 6667414 TI - The asexual revolution. PMID- 6667413 TI - Stabilization of biomedical sciences: an achievable priority. PMID- 6667416 TI - Comparing survival distributions: a review for nonstatisticians. I. PMID- 6667415 TI - Current high-performance liquid chromatographic methodology in analysis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and their bases. I. AB - This review of HPLC technology is presented in two parts. An introduction to chromatography, sample preparation, and basic information on chromatographic theory and terminology, modes, and instrumentation is presented here. A discussion of stationary and mobile phase parameters which can be varied to optimize separations is also presented here. The second part of the review, which will appear in the next issue, will cover peak identification, quantification, and selected applications. The applications include short discussions of applications of HPLC for metabolic profiling, for assays of adenosine and cyclic nucleotides in studies of disease processes, and for enzyme assays. The paper concludes with a short discussion of future trends for HPLC in biomedical research and clinical chemistry. PMID- 6667417 TI - Carcinogenesis tests of nickel arsenides, nickel antimonide, and nickel telluride in rats. AB - Carcinogenicity of nickel arsenides (NiAs, Ni11As8, Ni5As2, NiAsS), nickel antimonide (NiSb), and nickel telluride (NiTe) was tested by IM administration to male Fischer rats (14 mg Ni/rat). Three negative control groups received similar IM injections of glycerol vehicle, ferronickel alloy (NiFe), or nickel titanate (NiTiO3); two positive control groups received nickel oxide (NiO) or ferronickel sulfide (Ni4FeS4) at equivalent dosages (14 mg Ni/rat). Within 2 years, the incidences of sarcomas at the injection site were: 0/20 (0%) in NiAs-treated rats, 8/16 (50%) in Ni11As8-treated rats; 17/20 (85%) in Ni5As2-treated rats; 14/16 (85%) in NiAsS-treated rats; 17/29 (59%) in NiSb-treated rats; and 14/26 (54%) in NiTe-treated rats. No local sarcomas occurred in the negative control groups, including 40 glycerol-treated rats, 16 NiFe-treated rats, and 20 NiTiO3 treated rats; in the positive control groups, local sarcomas occurred in 14/15 (93%) of NiO-treated rats and 15/15 (100%) of Ni4FeS4-treated rats. The 99 sarcomas that were induced by the various nickel compounds included 67 rhabdomyosarcomas, 11 fibrosarcomas, 15 osteosarcomas, 1 fibrous histiocytic sarcoma, and 5 undifferentiated sarcomas; metastases were found in 57 sarcoma bearing rats. This study demonstrates that Ni11As8, Ni5As2, NiAsS, NiSb, and NiTe are carcinogenic for rats. Since Ni11As8, Ni5As2, and NiAsS are likely to be formed during oil shale retorting, environmental contamination by nickel arsenides in spent shale products could conceivably pose a carcinogenic hazard if large-scale production of petroleum from oil share is established. PMID- 6667418 TI - Fibroblasts from humans genetically predisposed to colon cancer are abnormally resistant to vitamin A. AB - We report here than skin fibroblasts (SF) from patients with hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR) and its Gardner syndrome (GS) variant are abnormally resistant to retinoic acid (RA). The effects by RA on the proliferation of SF was concentration dependent, exhibiting a bimodal dose response pattern that consisted of both a stimulatory and an inhibitory component. Cell density appears to modulate both the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of RA. ACR cells were abnormally resistant to RA at all concentrations tested. Although more resistant to RA-induced cytotoxicity, ACR cells showed morphological changes on exposure to RA similar to those seen in normal cells. These differential effects by RA will be used to further identify individuals at risk of this dominant form of colon cancer. PMID- 6667419 TI - Current high performance liquid chromatographic methodology in analysis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and their bases. II. AB - This review of HPLC technology is presented in two parts, the first of which appeared in Volume 1, Number 5 of this journal. Part I presented an introduction to chromatography, sample preparation, and basic information on chromatographic theory and terminology, modes, and instrumentation. Also covered in Part I was a discussion of stationary and mobile phase parameters which can be varied to optimize separations. Part II of the review which follows covers peak identification, quantification, and selected applications of HPLC for metabolic profiling, for assays of adenosine and cyclic nucleotides in studies of disease processes and for enzyme assays. The paper concludes with a short discussion of future trends for HPLC in biomedical research and clinical chemistry. PMID- 6667420 TI - Comparing survival distributions: a review for nonstatisticians. II. PMID- 6667422 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a bisexual male. PMID- 6667421 TI - Abusing the academic physician. PMID- 6667423 TI - Salvage of circulating hypoxanthine by tissues of the mouse. AB - Hypoxanthine is an inefficient precursor of purine nucleotides in mouse tissues. In vitro, mouse erythrocytes salvage less than 10% of hypoxanthine (10 microM) added to whole blood in 30 min of incubation at 37 degrees C. In vivo, circulating hypoxanthine is rapidly degraded (greater than 90% in 10 min) to allantoin and uric acid. All tissues examined (other than erythrocytes) converted small amounts of hypoxanthine to nucleotides, with kidney and lung being the most active tissues examined. It is estimated that less than 2% of circulating hypoxanthine is salvaged in the mouse; the remainder is catabolized. PMID- 6667424 TI - Pathways for desaturation of oleoyl chains in Candida lipolytica. AB - Incubation of microsomes from 25 degrees C- or 10 degrees C-grown cells of Candida lipolytica with [14C]oleoyl-CoA ( [14C]18:1-CoA) in the presence or absence of NADH resulted in rapid acyl transfer of [14C]18:1 to phospholipids (mainly phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and to acylglycerols. Incorporation into PC was greatly enhanced when incubation was carried out in presence of lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC). In all experiments, in the presence of NADH and O2, with and without added lyso-PC, the initial rate of formation of [14C]linoleoyl-PC was much greater than that of [14C]linoleoyl CoA ( [14C]18:2-CoA). These results suggest that the actual substrate for the delta 12-desaturase is the oleoyl-PC, although some desaturation of 18:1-CoA cannot be eliminated. It is concluded that the main pathway for 18:2 formation proceeds from stearoyl-CoA (18:0-CoA) leads to 18:1-CoA leads to 18:1 phospholipid leads to 18:2-phospholipid; the pathway 18:0-CoA leads to 18:1-CoA leads to 18:2-CoA leads to 18:2-phospholipid is a minor pathway. Microsomes from cells grown at 10 degrees C had a higher content of 18:2 and a lower phospholipid desaturase activity at 25 degrees C than microsomes from cells grown at 25 degrees C, suggesting an inverse relationship between desaturase activity and membrane lipid fluidity. PMID- 6667426 TI - Kinetic equations and mechanisms for activation and inhibition in enzyme systems. AB - The rates of enzyme reactions that are activated or inhibited by added modifiers can in some cases be expressed as a rational function of the first degree, v = (alpha 0 + alpha 1[Q] )/(beta 0 + beta 1 [Q] ) where [Q] is the concentration of the modifier and alpha 0, alpha 1, beta 0, and beta 1 are functions of rate constants and sometimes of the enzyme and substrate concentrations; the behaviour is then said to be linear. Three simple mechanisms that give rise to linear kinetics are examined, and the conditions under which there is activation or inhibition are determined. Sometimes there is a transition from activation to inhibition as the substrate concentration is varied. Definitions of competitive, uncompetitive, and noncompetitive activation are suggested, by analogy with the generally accepted definitions for inhibition. In second-degree activation or inhibition the rate can be expressed as the ratio of two quadratic polynomials with positive coefficients. Ten patterns are then possible for plots of v against [Q], and they may be classified with respect to (i) overall activation or inhibition, (ii) initial (at [Q] leads to 0) activation or inhibition, (iii) terminal (at [Q] leads to oo) activation or inhibition, and (iv) whether there is an initial inflexion. The general case of an n:n rational function is also discussed. PMID- 6667425 TI - Histone H1(0) expression during developmental growth of rat liver. AB - Histone H1(0) appears in rat liver nuclei around the time of birth; it increases to near-adult levels by 30 days of age, in waves which correlate with distinct phases of liver developmental growth. H1 emerges as the liver terminates the bulk of its proliferative activity, but it accumulates mainly during the terminal cytodifferentiation phases leading to polyploidization. Premature interruption of liver DNA synthesis in neonatal rats, with cytosine arabinoside or dexamethasone, induces some accumulation of H1 in the liver. Our data suggest that DNA synthesis arrest conditions in part, but is not the main developmental event underlying H1 expression during differentiation of rat liver. PMID- 6667427 TI - Coming to grips with statistics. PMID- 6667428 TI - Pathological changes in the navicular bone and associated structures of the horse. AB - Navicular bones from 74 horses were examined at necropsy. Animals ranged in age from eight months to 30 years. Eight horses had a clinical history of navicular disease. Degenerative lesions in the fibrocartilaginous surface of the navicular bone and of the surface of the deep flexor tendons were age related changes not necessarily related to lameness. These lesions were more extensive in horses with a history of navicular disease, and were often accompanied by adhesions and subchondral cavitation of the fibrocartilaginous surface of the navicular bone. Osteophytes, present in 12 of the 74 horses, appeared to be age-related and were uncommon in horses with a history of navicular disease. Nutrient foramina on the distal border of the navicular bone were highly variable in size and shape; in horses with a history of navicular disease they often had a small external opening that became larger as it penetrated the bone. Occlusive vascular disease (arteriosclerosis) was found in sound horses and in horses with a history of navicular disease. Thrombosis of arteries or ischemic necrosis of bone was not identified in any case. PMID- 6667429 TI - Tularaemia transmitted by ticks (Dermacentor andersoni) in Saskatchewan. AB - Common wood ticks (Dermacentor andersoni) collected from Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park, Saskatchewan in the spring of 1982 transmitted a lethal tularaemia infection to four of six rabbits. Francisella tularensis organisms were isolated from tissues taken from the dead rabbits and identified from subcultures using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay. One human associated with the animals developed symptoms of tularaemia and, after successful therapy, had a significant increase in titre of specific antibodies to F. tularensis. This is the first time tick-transmitted tularaemia has been reported in Saskatchewan in more than 25 years. PMID- 6667430 TI - Selenium toxicity and porcine focal symmetrical poliomyelomalacia: description of a field outbreak and experimental reproduction. AB - An acute afebrile paretic condition was diagnosed in 18 of 225 feeder pigs between eight to ten weeks of age. Nine pigs died acutely, seven pigs were euthanatized and two appeared to recover. Macroscopic lesions in the ventral horns of the cervical and lumbar/sacral spinal cord enlargements consisted of focal, bilateral, depressed areas. Histopathologically, the lesion consisted of endothelial proliferation, glial cell reaction and microcavitation. Similar lesions were observed in some brain stem motor nuclei. High selenium levels were detected in the pig feed and in pig tissues and blood. Two of five experimental pigs fed a commercial grower ration and supplemented with 52 ppm selenium as sodium selenite developed paresis and paralysis after a 29 day feeding trial. Histopathological lesions of focal symmetrical poliomyelomalacia confined to the cervical and lumbar/sacral spinal cord enlargements, and identical to those in the field cases, were produced. Select brain stem motor nuclei were also affected. PMID- 6667431 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of neomycin in calves following intravenous and intramuscular administration. AB - Neomycin sulfate was administered to calves by the intravenous and intramuscular routes. Serum drug levels were determined and the intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters derived using the Gauss-Newton nonlinear fitting algorithm and the two compartment open model. The kinetic parameters determined were as follows: zero time intercept, serum drug level 68.045 +/- 15.894 micrograms/mL, alpha slope intercept 37.666 +/- 13.874 micrograms/mL and beta slope intercept 30.379 +/- 12.638 micrograms/mL; equilibration rate (pool I and II) 0.081 +/- 9.064 min-1; elimination rate 0.004 +/- 0.001 min-1; half-time alpha 14.774 +/- 11.236 min, half-time beta 166.596 +/- 47.576 min; first order elimination constant 0.009 +/- 0.002 min+; transfer rate constants, central to peripheral, 0.032 +/- 0.026 min+ and peripheral to central 0.045 +/- 0.037 min-1; volume of central compartment 0.186 +/- 0.047 L/kg; volume of distribution 0.388 +/- 0.130 L/kg; body clearance 0.002 +/- 0.001 L/kg/min. PMID- 6667432 TI - Epidemiology of Haemophilus somnus infection in dairy cattle in Quebec. AB - Serological studies on Haemophilus somnus infection were carried out on 1795 cattle from 231 dairy herds in the province of Quebec. An epidemiological investigation was done in each of the dairy operations. Seroreactivity rate and mean log2 titer for all the sera were 55.4% and 4.1620 respectively. Cattle from eastern regions of Quebec demonstrated the lowest prevalence of H. somnus agglutinins. The percentage of seroreactor animals was 60.3 in herds of 100 cattle or more in comparison to 53.2 in herds of smaller size. About 75% of the animals from 16 herds in which one or more cattle showed nervous manifestations of undetermined origin over a one year period had antibodies to H. somnus. Herds in which respiratory diseases occurred had 59.6% seroreactor animals and herds in which weak calf syndrome was diagnosed over a one year period had 61.4% seroreactor animals. In 87 herds located within 20 km of feedlots, 61.8% of the sera had titers and the mean log2 titer was 4.4813. PMID- 6667433 TI - Pasteurella haemolytica cytotoxin neutralizing activity in sera from Ontario beef cattle. AB - A random sample of sera obtained from cattle necropsied as part of the Bruce County Beef Project in 1980-81 was assayed for the ability to neutralize the cytotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica A1. Cattle dying of fibrinous pneumonia had significantly lower neutralizing activity in serum than cattle which died for reasons other than pneumonia. Activity in pneumonic cattle was also lower than the mean of twelve samples randomly chosen from sera of cattle bled on entry to feedlots in the fall of 1979. A role for the toxin neutralizing response in resistance to pneumonic pasteurellosis is proposed. PMID- 6667434 TI - Fibrocartilaginous embolism and ischemic myelopathy in a four month old German shepherd dog. AB - Clinical signs and postmortem findings are described in a four month old German Shepherd dog with fibrocartilaginous embolism of the spinal cord. Ischemic myelopathy involved spinal cord segments C7 to L1. No evidence of degeneration or herniation of intervertebral discs was found at necropsy. PMID- 6667435 TI - Differentiation of Trichinella spiralis spiralis and Trichinella spiralis nativa based on resistance to low temperature refrigeration. AB - A refrigeration technique to differentiate the subspecies, Trichinella spiralis spiralis and T. spiralis nativa is described. Trichinella spiralis spiralis trichinae in musculature do not survive 48 hours post-refrigeration at -32 degrees C while T. spiralis nativa will survive 72 hours and longer at the same temperature. PMID- 6667436 TI - Hemagglutination, autoagglutination and pathogenicity of Moraxella bovis strains. AB - Three isolates of Moraxella bovis, recovered from cattle with signs of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, were tested for autoagglutinating activity, hemagglutinating activity and pathogenicity in young calves. Only the autoagglutinating and hemagglutinating isolates were pathogenic in calves. Treatment of the pathogenic isolates with magnesium chloride eliminated their pathogenic effects. PMID- 6667437 TI - [Role of the corpus callosum in interhemispheric transfer of visual learning in the Siamese cat]. PMID- 6667439 TI - Motor vehicle accident fatality statistics: an investigation of reliability. PMID- 6667438 TI - Deep dyslexia and the right hemisphere hypothesis: evidence from the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R. PMID- 6667440 TI - The impact of different ventilation levels and fluorescent lighting types on building illness: an experimental study. PMID- 6667441 TI - Concepts and principles of nutrition for public health nurses. PMID- 6667442 TI - Adolescents' self-perceived health and parental marital status. PMID- 6667443 TI - The energy requirements of the Canadian Home Fitness Test and their application to the evaluation of work performance. PMID- 6667444 TI - The national breast-feeding promotion program. Part 2. Public information phase- a note on its development, distribution and impact. PMID- 6667445 TI - Cefoperazone: a comparative in vitro Canadian study of 1743 pathogens, Canadian Infectious Disease Study Group. PMID- 6667446 TI - Height and weight of 6-17 year old Quebecers in 1981: national and international differences. PMID- 6667447 TI - Epidemiologic characteristics of suicide in the city of Toronto. PMID- 6667448 TI - Ambulance law in Canada. PMID- 6667450 TI - Tumor-associated changes in plasma samples revealed by two-dimensional macromolecular mapping and selective lectin binding. AB - Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of plasma samples from EL-4 lymphoma bearing C57 black mice revealed five 75 kd protein species in contrast with the presence of only two comparable components of similar migration in plasma from control animals. In contrast, no comparable alterations were observed in a comparison of plasma samples from L1210 tumor-bearing DBA mice and the corresponding plasma from animals immune-suppressed with antilymphocytic serum or in control plasma from DBA control plasma from DBA control animals. Analysis of selective binding using iodinated lectins revealed significant binding of I125 Lens culinaris in the more cathodic 75 kd component present in the plasma from control C57 black mice and a decreased Lens culinaris binding in the corresponding plasma components from EL-4 tumor-bearing C57 black animals. An identical assay with the same samples using I125 Ricinus communis did not show significant interaction with any 75 kd protein species, revealing instead lectin binding in components with molecular weights of about 70 and 50 kd. Our results suggest the use of combined two-dimensional electrophoretic separation and relative lectin binding in the analysis of tumor-specific and tumor-associated changes in plasma samples from tumor-bearing individuals. PMID- 6667449 TI - Prenatal educational programming for Hindi, Punjabi, and Cantonese speaking communities. PMID- 6667451 TI - A comparison of purine and pyrimidine pools in Bloom's syndrome and normal cells. AB - Nucleotide content of normal and Bloom's syndrome fibroblasts and lymphocytes were examined by reversed phase HPLC. The ATP/ADP ratio in primary cultures of normal human fibroblasts was at least three fold higher than in the primary cultures of Bloom's syndrome fibroblasts. After three months in culture the ratios of ATP/ADP of the Bloom's cells approach those of normal fibroblasts. Individual nucleotide measurements showed that initial differences did not reflect excess ADP, but rather very low levels of ATP in Bloom's syndrome fibroblasts. The amount of ATP increased gradually during culture. However, even after three months in culture, significant differences were noted in ATP levels between Bloom's syndrome fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts. Thus a defect in Bloom's syndrome is correlated with a defect in purine biosynthesis or ATP generation. PMID- 6667452 TI - CNDO/2 molecular orbital calculations on the antifolate DAMP and some related species: structural geometries, ring distortions, change distributions and conformational characteristics. AB - Geometry-optimized CNDO/2 molecular orbital calculations were carried out on 2, 4 diamino-5-(1-adamantyl 1)-6-methyl pyrimidine (DAMP), a potent inhibitor of mammalian dihydrofolate reductase which is now in clinical trials, and on its inactive 5-(1-naphthyl) analogue (DNMP-1). Crystallographic data show that DAMP (as the ethylsulfonate salt) has a severely distorted, N1 protonated, pyrimidine ring and has steric crowding of the 6-methyl and adamantyl hydrogens whereas DNMP 2 (as a methanol complex) has a planar, nonprotonated pyrimidine ring that is nearly perpendicular to the naphthalene ring. The CNDO/2 results largely reproduce the crystal structure geometry and show that the ring distortions in DAMP are initiated by steric conflicts between the adamantyl group and the 4- and 6-substituents on the ring. In DNMP-1, the non-interfering naphthyl ring induces little strain within the pyrimidine ring and the effect of protonation is negligible. Rotation about the bond joining the two ring groups is restricted in DAMP by a broad barrier of ca. 8.0 kcal mol-1, and no conformation was successful in relieving steric conflicts and hence reducing the ring distortions. In DNMP-1, rotation is less hindered overall with a broad region of accessible conformational space and a maximum barrier of ca. 7.2 kcal mol-1 for the coplanar conformation. The electronic charge distributions of DAMP and DNMP-1 are almost identical and protonation is preferred at N1 rather than at N3 by ca. 3.7 kcal mol-1 for both DAMP and DNMP-1. The calculations establish that the present methodology can be useful as a predictive tool with regard to the structure and conformational characteristics of these and related species. PMID- 6667453 TI - Phosphorylation of H1 histones in normal and transformed mouse cells. AB - The phosphorylation of the NH2- and COOH-terminal regions of H1 histones from normal mouse mammary glands, a mouse breast tumor (D1 tumor) and LM/TK- cells was compared. Chromatographic resolution of H1 subtypes revealed that the normal and transformed cells expressed the same H1 subtypes. Bisection of purified 32P labeled H1 histones with N-bromosuccinimide, followed by fractionation of the NH2 and COOH-terminal regions of the molecules on Biogel P-60, demonstrated that explants of normal mouse breast tissue preferentially phosphorylated the NH2 terminal region (61% of the 32P) while the D1 tumor preferentially phosphorylated the COOH-terminal region (60% of the 32P). In keeping with numerous other examples, LM/TK- cells in culture also preferentially phosphorylated the COOH terminal region of the H1 molecule (64% of the 32P). PMID- 6667454 TI - Heteroatom effects in chemical carcinogenesis: effects of ring heteroatoms on ease of carbocation formation. AB - The presence of a heteroatom can influence the ease with which a PAH diol-epoxide forms a triol carbocation. The influence of the heteroatom should be greatest when it is located where the PAH undergoes maximum charge change upon ionization. Extended Huckel, INDO and Gaussian 70 calculations on nitrogen substituted benz[a]anthracene verify this reasoning. The sites of maximum effect are easily predicted using a simple Huckel method which does not require use of a computer. The greater carcinogenic activity of methylated benz[c]acridines over benz[a]acridines is an immediate result of these considerations. Methylated benzo[c]phenarsazines are implicated as likely carcinogens. PMID- 6667455 TI - Mutagenic and DNA damaging activity in muscle of trout exposed in vivo to nitrite. AB - Muscle ether extracts of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed to lake water enriched with nitrite (450 micrograms/l) reverted plasmid-containing his- strains of Salmonella typhimurium, mainly eliciting frameshift mutations, and induced a DNA damage in Escherichia coli reparable through the recA/lexA-dependent SOS functions. The number of revertants was related to their content in nitroso derivatives and to the physiological condition of the fish. Mutagenicity was efficiently decreased, through NADPH-requiring pathways, by liver S-9 fractions from rats or rainbow trout, while it was not affected by preliminary heating nor by pre-incubation with human gastric juice. PMID- 6667456 TI - Effect of phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene on the hepatic microsomal metabolism of N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomethylbutylamine and N nitrosomethylbenzylamine. AB - The effect of phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) pretreatment on dealkylations of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethylbutylamine (NMBuA) and N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBeA) was investigated in rat hepatic microsomes. PB increased the demethylation and the debutylation of NMBuA and the debenzylation of NMBeA. MC increased the debutylation of NMBuA and the debenzylation of NMBeA. However, MC decreased the demethylation of NMBeA. The demethylation of NDMA was not changed by the pretreatment of the inducers. These results suggest that the dealkylations of these nitrosamines are catalyzed by several enzymes, which probably depend on different cytochrome P-450 species. PMID- 6667457 TI - Production of antibody for alpha 1-acid glycoprotein using carcinoembryonic antigen and normal fecal antigen. AB - The structural characteristics of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-like antigen in feces and meconium were examined using antibody raised against 2 antigens. When antibody to CEA was made, anti-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AG) (nonprecipitating antibody) besides the precipitating antibody for CEA was made. When antibodies against each CEA-like antigen (mol. wt. 180,000) purified from feces and meconium were tested, each antibody showed a fused precipitin line for 2 antigens. Some antibodies showed the non-precipitating antibody for AG. CEA and CEA-like antigen in feces and meconium may be composed of 2 portions (AG portion and non-AG portion). Antibody specific to these antigens may be the antibody directed to the non-AG portion. PMID- 6667459 TI - Carcinogenic activity of Farfugium japonicum and Senecio cannabifolius. AB - The carcinogenicity of Farfugium japonicum and Senecio cannabifolius was studied in ACI rats. In Group I, rats were given a diet containing 20% Farfugium japonicum. Groups II, III, IV and V were given diets containing 8%, 4%, 1% and 0.2% Senecio cannabifolius until the end of the experiment, respectively. The experiment was terminated after 480 days, except for Group V which was terminated 560 days after the start of feeding. Hemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver and liver cell adenoma were induced in Groups I, IV and V. All rats in Groups II and III died of hepatotoxicity within a short period. PMID- 6667458 TI - Presence in human urine of a new N-nitroso compound, N-nitrosothiazolidine 4 carboxylic acid. AB - Urine samples collected in several countries from human subjects showed the presence of a number of N-nitroso compounds not previously identified. By several separative procedures and by comparison with authentic material, the major unknown N-nitroso compound was shown to be N-nitrosothiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid (NTCA). Although its origin in human urine is unknown, thiazolidine 4 carboxylic acid, the easily nitrosatable amine precursor, can be formed by reaction of formaldehyde with cysteine in vivo and in vitro. Thus measuring NTCA excreted in the urine may allow monitoring exposure of human subjects to precursors like formaldehyde and NO-3/NO-2. PMID- 6667460 TI - Inhibition of development of preneoplastic lesions in the livers of rats fed a weakly carcinogenic environmental contaminant. AB - The effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticizer and environmental contaminant, on the emergence of gamma-glutamyltrans-peptidase positive (GGT+) preneoplastic foci in the liver was investigated. Sprague--Dawley male rats initiated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) following partial hepatectomy were placed on: (1) a choline supplemented diet (CS); (2) a CS diet containing 2% DEHP (CS + DEHP); (3) a choline deficient diet (CD); (4) a CD diet containing a 0.06% phenobarbital (CD + PHB); or (5) a CD diet containing 2% DEHP (CD + DEHP). Rats maintained on the CS + DEHP diet for 5 and 10 weeks showed no increase in GGT + foci. The plasticizer effectively inhibited the appearance of the preneoplastic foci when it was included with the CD diet. PMID- 6667461 TI - Carcinogenic effects induced in Wistar rats by combined treatment with technical grade dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and sodium phenobarbital. AB - A group of 38 female and 39 male outbred Wistar rats were treated with 500 ppm technical-grade dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in the diet and 500 ppm sodium phenobarbital (PB) dissolved in drinking-water for lifespan. Twenty-three of 29 (79.3%) female and 13/28 (46.4%) male surviving animals developed primary tumours which were detected starting at 65 weeks of age. Most of the liver tumours were neoplastic nodules, but well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas were also found in 3 males and 5 females of the exposed animals. No liver-cell tumour was observed in 59 rats exposed to a diet containing 3% olive oil. PMID- 6667463 TI - Pyrolytic products from tryptophan and glutamic acid are positive in the mammalian spot test. AB - Pyrolysates of tryptophan (Trp-P-2) and glutamic acid (Glu-P-1) are known mutagens in in vitro short term mutagenicity tests, and have also shown carcinogenic effects in long term animal studies. The present study demonstrates that they also produce mutations in somatic cells. This result demonstrates the ability of the test to detect carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds. PMID- 6667462 TI - Induction by 5-fluorouracil of a major phase difference in the circadian profiles of DNA synthesis between the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and five normal organs. AB - DNA synthetic activity (DNA-SA) was measured by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine (TDR) into chemically isolated DNA. DNA-SA was monitored every 3 h over a 60-h period in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), tongue, bone marrow, ileum, stomach and rectum in mice which had received 50 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil (FU) at 17:00 h. FU was given in an attempt to induce major phase differences in the circadian profiles of DNA-SA between the EAC and the normal organs. Subsequent to the FU treatment, a time period 15 h in duration, was identified when DNA-SA in the EAC was at or near a maximal level (125-190 cpm/micrograms DNA) whereas DNA SA in all 5 normal organs was at or near a minimal level (less than 60 cpm/micrograms DNA). Induction of such quantitative (actual levels of DNA-SA) and qualitative (180 degrees circadian phase change) differences between the normal and neoplastic cells in the same host should be useful in designing a more effective chemotherapeutic protocol for this tumor-host situation. PMID- 6667464 TI - Studies towards the synthesis of analogues of L-ascorbic acid. PMID- 6667465 TI - Chiral synthesis of asymmetrically tetra-C-substituted cyclopentane derivatives by Diels-Alder addition of cyclopentadiene to unsaturated acyclic-sugar derivatives. AB - Optically pure, substituted cyclopentane derivatives of interest in synthesis of prostaglandin analogs have been obtained by stereocontrolled addition of cyclopentadiene to trans alpha,beta-unsaturated sugar derivatives. Methyl (E) 4,5,6,7-tetra-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-D-arabino-hept-2-enonate (2), obtained by Wittig addition of Ph3PCHCO2Me to aldehydo-D-arabinose tetraacetate, reacted with cyclopentadiene in boiling toluene to give 40% of a crystalline, norbornene adduct (3) having the 5S-exo ester, 6S-endo sugar-chain configuration, as established by crystallography and by conversions into the known, crystalline (2S,3S)-bis(p-tolylsulfonyloxymethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane. Likewise, the L enantiomer (19) of 2 was converted into the crystalline enantiomer of 3; chromatographic resolution of the other Diels-Alder adducts from the reaction afforded lesser amounts of the other three possible isomeric adducts, which were characterized by appropriate conversions. The Ph3PCHCO2Me Wittig adduct (9) from 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-aldehydo-D-arabinose with cyclopentadiene in hot toluene gave a crystalline mixture of the isomeric 5S,6S adducts (10 and 11), separable after deacetonation and acetylation as the already characterized product 3 and its 6S-endo ester, 5S-exo sugar-chain isomer. Likewise, the L enantiomer of the D dienophile 9 gave a crystalline mixture of 5R,6R adducts that were the enantiomers of 10 and 11. A reversed ratio of adducts resulted when the tetraacetylated L dienophile 19 reacted at 0 degrees with cyclopentadiene under AlCl3 catalysis, and 36% of the crystalline 5S-endo ester, 6S-exo sugar-chain adduct (23) was obtained. Hydroxylation-glycol cleavage of the double bond in 23, followed by reduction and acetylation, gave 65% of an optically pure cyclopentane derivative having five chiral centers of the same absolute configuration as in prostaglandin F1 alpha. PMID- 6667467 TI - The structure of the repeating oligosaccharide unit of the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide type 18C. AB - The structure of the repeating oligosaccharide of the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide type 18C has been investigated. The repeating oligosaccharide, isolated from an aqueous hydrofluoric acid hydrolyzate of the polysaccharide, was shown, by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, to have a molecular weight of 928, and to contain an O-acetyl group and a glycerol residue. Information about the sequence in the per-O-methylated oligosaccharide was derived from electron impact mass spectrometry. Supporting data were obtained from methylation analysis, periodate and chromium trioxide oxidations, and enzymic and acid hydrolyses of the oligosaccharide. These studies indicated that the polysaccharide consists of the following pentasaccharide repeating unit. (formula see text) PMID- 6667466 TI - Isolation and characterization of 4-O-[3,4-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-beta-D galactopyranosyl]erythritol from Klebsiella K33 polysaccharide. AB - The tetrasaccharide-alditol, RL 0.8, from one stage of Smith degradation of Klebsiella K33, was subjected to Smith degradation to yield a disaccharide alditol. The purified disaccharide-alditol was characterized by sugar analysis, methylation analysis, and mass spectrometry. The following structure was found. (formula see text) PMID- 6667468 TI - Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of sugars. Structural changes in aqueous solutions. PMID- 6667469 TI - Stereo- and regio-selectivity of diethylaminosulfur trifluoride as a fluorinating reagent for methyl glycosides. AB - Methyl glycopyranosides reacted with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) in the absence of solvent to yield methyl dideoxy-difluoro and deoxy-fluoro glycopyranosides. Methyl alpha-D-glycopyranosides produced 6-deoxy-6-fluoro- and 4,6-dideoxy-4,6-difluoro derivatives with Walden inversion at C-4. Methyl beta-D glucopyranoside also produced a 3,6-dideoxy-3,6-difluoro derivative, with Walden inversion at C-3. Methyl 6-O-trityl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, reacted with DAST to yield the corresponding 4-deoxy-4-fluorogalactopyranoside derivative. PMID- 6667470 TI - Syntheses of 1-(5-deoxy-beta-D-arabino-hexofuranosyl)cytosine. AB - 1-(5-Deoxy-beta-D-arabino-hexofuranosyl)cytosine (4'-homoara-C) (11), a higher homolog of the antileukemic agent ara-C (1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine), was prepared by two independent routes. The first one involved the inversion of configuration at C-2' of the D-ribo epimer (1-(5-deoxy-beta-D-ribo hexofuranosyl)cytosine, 4'-homocytidine) by the diphenylcarbonate technique; the 5-deoxy-D-ribo-hexofuranosyl moiety of 4'-homocytidine was obtained by way of an anti-Markovnikov addition of iodine trifluoroacetate to the double bond of 5,6 dideoxy-1, 2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-p-tolylsulfonyl-alpha-D-ribo-hex-5-enofu ranose and reduction of the resulting iodide(s). In the second approach, 5-deoxy-1,2-O isopropylidene-3-O-p-tolylsulfonyl-beta-D-xylo-he xofuranose was acetolyzed and condensed with 4-acetyl-N-bis(trimethylsilyl)cytosine, and alkaline treatment gave 11 by way of a 2',3'-anhydro intermediate. The structure of 11, in particular the configuration at C-2', was confirmed by its 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectra. PMID- 6667471 TI - Synthesis of 2-O-hexadecanoyl-1-O-hexadecyl-[alpha-Glc-6SO3 Na-(1--6) -alpha-Glc (1--6)-alpha-Glc-(1--3)]- sn-glycerol: a proposed structure for the glyceroglucolipids of human gastric secretion and of the mucous barrier of rat stomach antrum. PMID- 6667473 TI - Synthesis of a protected trihexosyl unit: a glycosyl acceptor corresponding to the core structure of the N-linked glycan of a glycoprotein. PMID- 6667472 TI - Synthesis of a linear, hexahexosyl unit of a high-mannose type of glycan chain of a glycoprotein. PMID- 6667474 TI - Synthesis of a nonahexosyl unit of a complex type of glycan chain of a glycoprotein. PMID- 6667475 TI - Hydrolytic release, and identification by g.l.c.-m.s., of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2 octulosonic acid in the lipopolysaccharides isolated from bacteria of the Vibrionaceae. AB - The identification of the peracetylated methyl glycosides of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2 octulosonic acid (KDO) methyl esters was achieved by g.l.c.-m.s. These peracetylated methyl glycoside methyl esters were obtained from fully acetylated lipopolysaccharides and core oligosaccharides of representative strains of the Vibrionaceae family by the following sequence of mild reactions: acetolysis, methanolysis, and acetylation. KDO was shown to be present in all of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a result in direct contrast to the generally accepted view of the absence of this compound in LPS from this family of bacteria. PMID- 6667477 TI - 13C-N.m.r.-spectral study of the mode of binding of Gd3+ and Mn2+ to a tri-O-D galactosylated hexapeptide. PMID- 6667478 TI - N.m.r. titration of a natural immunoadjuvant, disaccharide-pentapeptide, peptidoglycan monomer and related compounds. PMID- 6667479 TI - Synthesis of (N-acetyl-1-O-acylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamines, and their immunoadjuvant activities. AB - 1-O-Acyl derivatives of N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) have been synthesized from 2-acetamido-1-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[D-1 (methoxycarbonyl) ethyl]-alpha-D-glucopyranose. Their immunoadjuvant activities were examined in guinea-pigs. PMID- 6667476 TI - 13C-N.m.r.-spectral study of the mode of binding of Gd3+ to various glycopeptides. AB - Natural-abundance, 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy was used to study the mode of binding of Gd3+ to mono-O-glycosylated L-serine and tripeptides variously composed of Gly and L-Thr. When the amino and carboxyl groups of the amino acid are not blocked, strong interaction of Gd3+ with them is observed; this is also readily apparent with some related, nonglycosylated peptides. When the amino and carboxyl groups of the amino acid are blocked, noticeable interaction of Gd3+ with the glycosidic oxygen atom (O-3) and O-2' for the glycopeptide containing alpha-D-Galp, and with O-3 and N-2' for the glycopeptide containing alpha-D-GalpNAc, is observed. Weak interactions are also possible with O-4' and O-6' of the glycosyl groups. Although the amino acids were protected, these metal ion-carbohydrate interactions may still be mediated, to some extent, by the acetyl protecting the amino group and by the ester group on the amino acid. PMID- 6667480 TI - Postoperative hemodynamic and electrophysiological evaluation of the Senning procedure. AB - To determine efficacy of the Senning procedure for correction of transposition of the great arteries we performed detailed hemodynamic and electrophysiological studies in 6 consecutive children operated upon at 5-18 months of age. Cardiac catheterizations were performed 10-19 months following surgery. All patients were asymptomatic on no medication. Hemodynamic studies demonstrated no evidence of pulmonary venous obstruction, pulmonary hypertension, or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. 1 patient had mild upper baffle limb obstruction. Angiography demonstrated tricuspid insufficiency in 2 patients and a small atrial level shunt in 1. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in 5 of 6 patients revealed multiple premature ventricular contractions in 1. Invasive electrophysiological studies for sinus node function were normal. Corrected sinus node recovery time was 36-348 ms while total sinoatrial conduction time, determined in 4 patients, ranged between 83 and 128 ms. At our institution the Senning procedure has a low incidence of residual hemodynamic or electrophysiological abnormalities. Detailed postoperative evaluation is necessary to determine extent of residual problems. PMID- 6667481 TI - Noninvasive determination of stiffness of the left ventricle by combined M-mode echo- and apexcardiography. An experimental method. AB - In order to compare an invasive with a noninvasive index of left ventricular stiffness during late diastole, M-mode echocardiogram, left ventricular pressure (LVP) and apexcardiogram (QLAC) were recorded simultaneously during acute dog experiments. The slope of the log pressure (P)-log volume (V) relationship is expressed by the ratio VdP/PdV. This index has been proven to be valid for the evaluation of left ventricular stiffness during late diastole. Diameter (D) changes were assumed to be proportional to volume changes. Continuous data from the ascending part of the A wave (due to atrial contraction) and the corresponding diameter change were used to calculate the slope (k1) of the log LVP--log D relation. During the same period the slope (k2) of the log QLAC--log D relation was also calculated. A significant linear correlation was found between values obtained semi-invasively from LVP-D (k1) and noninvasively from QLAC-D (k2) data: n = 21, r = 0.93, p less than 0.001. This shows the usefulness of VdP/PdV derived noninvasively from QLAC and M-mode echo for the assessment of stiffness of the left ventricle during late diastole. PMID- 6667482 TI - Ventricular ectopy frequency and complexity not altered by exercise training in coronary disease patients. AB - To assess the effect of exercise training on ventricular ectopy in coronary artery disease patients, 21 patients with coronary disease had 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiograph recordings done at entry into a cardiac rehabilitation program and after 6 months' exercise training. Mean frequency of premature ventricular contractions was not significantly changed, being 9.7 +/- 33.0/h before and 13.2 +/- 94.3/h after training. 9 demonstrated an increased, 9 a decreased, and 3 an unchanged frequency. Lown grade of ventricular ectopy was similarly not consistently changed with training. PMID- 6667483 TI - [Computer tomography image of a triple anlage of the stomach]. AB - A triple stomach in a 22 year old patient was evaluated by CT. In addition to the main stomach two cystic formations containing gastric mucosa were found. These accessory stomachs did not fill following ingestion of oral contrast medium. In the CT diagnosis of cystic masses of the upper abdomen multiple gastric formations should be considered. PMID- 6667485 TI - Meningioma of the foramen magnum. Report of a case. AB - The authors present a typical case of a meningioma of the foramen magnum. Because of the unspecific nature of the patient's symptoms, the present illness had a course of more than seven years. During the last two years of the illness, the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was assumed. The final diagnosis was established by computed tomography followed by vertebral angiography. The tumor removal was followed by dramatic recovery of the patient. The value of axial and direct coronal computed tomography is emphasized. PMID- 6667484 TI - [Computer tomography aspects in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the area of the abdomen and urogenital tract]. AB - The morphologic aspect of abdominal tuberculosis are evaluated by C.T. The necrotising tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract presents course cystic lesions of fluid density. Similar morphologic criteria are seen in ileocecal tuberculosis. The peritoneal tuberculosis is characterized by large soft tissue masses of a high density which can be found in nearly all areas of the abdomen. The increased morbidity of tuberculosis in people from foreign countries living in the Federal Republic of Germany is pointed out. PMID- 6667486 TI - [Computer tomography image of brain changes in an adult following resuscitation]. AB - First description of a CT cerebral finding in an adult who had suffered cardiac arrest 14 days prior to CT and had been reanimated. Parts of the cerebral cortex, the thalamus and the brain stem ganglia appear moderately hyperdense; after injection of contrast medium there was a marked enhancement in these regions of the brain. The possible neuropathological correlate of this CT finding is discussed on the basis of relevant literature. PMID- 6667487 TI - [Comparison of conventional radiology, ultrasound and computer tomography in the preoperative localization of intraocular foreign bodies]. AB - Three methods complementing each other are available for the preoperative intraocular localisation of foreign bodies. Basing on the results obtained, it is recommended, first of all, to localise the site of the foreign body by means of conventional x-ray film, followed by fine diagnosis via ultrasound and, finally, in problematic or doubtful cases, by means of computed tomography. PMID- 6667489 TI - [Computer tomography evaluation of tumor-induced bladder wall changes]. AB - 25 patients in whom a carcinoma of the urinary bladder had been confirmed, were examined preoperatively by means of computerised tomography, and the local size of the tumour was determined. These findings were compared postoperatively with the histopathological staging. The degree of tumour spread was verified exclusively via cystectomy. CT does not yield very relevant data in respect of the therapeutically important differentiation of the low tumour stages. However, CT is very well suited in the diagnosis of tumours which have penetrated the bladder wall; however, diagnostic relevance in respect of organ infiltration can be definitely limited by the overlapping of other organs. PMID- 6667488 TI - [Results of serial CT in the evaluation of the sellar region]. AB - The article reports on the methodology and results of serial CT in differential diagnosis of intrasellar and parasellar structures, based on 32 examinations. Whereas the normal pituitary gland displays an approximately equal contrast medium performance as the pituitary adenomas and recurrent tumours, different types of tissue such as those of tumours, vascular structures and postoperative scans can be well differentiated from each other by means of serial CT. Aneurysms can be safely differentiated from intracranial tumours, such as meningiomas, only via serial CT. PMID- 6667491 TI - The clinical pattern of tuberculosis in Zimbabwe, 1974-81. PMID- 6667490 TI - Acute osteomyelitis in Marondera: cause for concern. PMID- 6667493 TI - An examination of the use of over-the-counter drugs in Harare. PMID- 6667492 TI - Calcifying odontogenic cyst: report of four cases from Nigeria, West Africa. PMID- 6667494 TI - State of differentiation of bovine epithelial lens cells in vitro. Relationship between the variation of the cell shape and the synthesis of crystallins. AB - Correlations between cell morphology and the expression of specific proteins (crystallins) have been investigated. Two different culture conditions have been chosen which keep bovine epithelial lens cells (BEL cells) in a monolayer of homogeneous epithelioid cells: (1) bovine retinal extract (EDGF) supplemented medium; (2) extracellular matrix (ECM) provided by corneal endothelial cells in standard medium has been compared to previous results obtained with BEL cells cultivated on plastic (Simonneau et al., 1983). Variations of the cell shape had no effect upon crystallin synthesis. PMID- 6667495 TI - Restrictions of developmental capacities in the dorsal root ganglia during the course of development. AB - By grafting ganglia from embryonic quails into the neural crest migration pathway of 2-day chick embryos, it was previously demonstrated that all type of ganglia possess more developmental potentialities than those normally expressed in the normal course of development. Namely autonomic neurones with catecholamine and adrenomedullary cells can be obtained from grafted spinal ganglia. The latter also yield sensory neurons to the host dorsal root ganglia (DRG) but only if they are taken from the donor before 8 days of incubation. In the present article we show that the capacity to differentiate sensory neurons in back-transplantation experiments can be correlated with the presence in the donor DRG of cycling neuronal precursors. Once all the neurons have been withdrawn from the cell cycle - an event which occurs first in the mediodorsal and then in the lateroventral area of the ganglion - the DRG cell population gives rise exclusively to autonomic ganglion cells in the host. It is concluded that in the conditions of the back-transplantation experiments, the postmitotic neurons contained in the donor ganglion do not survive. Therefore, the neurons and paraganglion cells which differentiate in the host arise from still undifferentiated precursor cells. This indicates that besides sensory neuron precursors the embryonic DRG cell population also contains precursor cells for the autonomic differentiation pathway. PMID- 6667496 TI - Sorting out in heterotypic cell aggregates is regulated by differences in the cell surface charge. AB - Random aggregates of heterotypic cells derived from two different embryonic tissues sort out into homotypic zones, one enclosing the other. The specification of the enclosed or enclosing position is based on a tissue hierarchy. Cells differ in their net negative charge as indicated by their different isoelectric points (pI). The cells of higher pI enclose the cells of lower pI. Cell pI is lowered by treatment with heparin. Cells with experimentally altered pI also sort out, and their position is specified by the differences in their pI. It is suggested that the cell surface ionogenic groups determine the free surface energy which controls the positioning of cells in a mixed aggregate. PMID- 6667497 TI - Fibronectin distribution during somitogenesis in the chick embryo. AB - Somite formation in vertebrates is a multi-stage process. From a relatively homogeneous rod of mesenchyme, the segmental plate, somites are formed in a repeating sequence. Cell-cell adhesion has been proposed as a causal factor in somitogenesis. This led to an analysis of fibronectin in the segmental plate with respect to the initiation of somitogenesis. The pattern of fibronectin distribution can be correlated with the initiation of somitogenesis in the anterior portion of the segmental plate. Fibronectin distribution was determined using a high resolution antibody localization technique. Differences in fibronectin distribution were verified with computer-assisted image analysis. The evidence presented supports the hypothesis that an increase in cell-cell adhesion is a significant factor in the initiation of somitogenesis. PMID- 6667498 TI - Changes in the electrophoretic mobility of cells from chick blastoderms during early development. AB - A change in cell surface charge density during early avian development is shown with a free-flow electrophoresis apparatus. The blastoderms of freshly laid eggs consist of two electrophoretically distinct cell populations. After the onset of gastrulation a third cell population with an intermediate electrophoretic mobility appears. With increasing time of incubation there is a shift in the proportion of these populations and an increase in the mobility of the fastest fraction. PMID- 6667499 TI - Amino acid transport systems in growing mouse oocytes. AB - Amino acid transport systems have been studied in isolated mouse oocytes throughout oogenesis. While these cells were lacking the A-transport system of Ehrlich cell (Christensen, 1975), they were found to be provided with the L- and ASC-systems of Ehrlich cell (Christensen, 1975). Since, in contrast to the A system, the L- and ASC-systems mainly work by exchanging internal and external amino acids, we propose that their main function is to actively maintain the appropriate internal balance between different amino acids within the growing oocyte. PMID- 6667500 TI - Supercoiling of 30-nm chromatin fibers around a nuclear axis in human retinal pigment cell nuclei: electron microscope evidence for a chromatin macrostructure. AB - Nucleosomes and higher-order chromatin structures have been identified in the range of resolution of 10-30 nm. No information is available on higher configurations that involve chromatin arrangements at the nuclear level. Thin sections of human retinal pigment cell nuclei reveal an orderly array of 30-nm chromatin fibers on the inner nuclear surface. The observations can be three dimensionally explained by a coiled or a serially circular arrangement of fibers around a central axis of the nucleus. The axial chromatin orientation shows no apparent relationship to the epithelial cell polarity nor to the irregular shape of the nuclei. The described configuration, which is compatible with a chromatin structure of third order, represents the first example of chromatin architecture coherently organized at the nuclear level. PMID- 6667501 TI - A comparison of protein synthetic activity in in vitro cultured denuded and follicle-enclosed oocytes. AB - We have studied in vitro protein synthesis in mouse denuded and follicle-enclosed oocytes by measuring 3H-leucine incorporation into TCA-precipitable material. Thirty percent more radiolabelled TCA-precipitable material was found in follicle enclosed oocytes. Since in our experimental conditions the internal specific activity of 3H-leucine does not differ in the two systems, and no appreciable transfer of labelled protein from follicle cells to the oocyte occurs, we conclude that follicle cells have a beneficial influence on the oocyte's protein synthetic activity. PMID- 6667502 TI - Sterol-free eukaryotic cells from continuous cell lines of insects. AB - Three cell lines from Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera), one from Aedes albopictus (Diptera) and one from Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera) were continuously cultured in a sterol-free medium and analyzed for sterol content. No sterols were found in any of the cell lines, whereas from cells cultured in a serum-containing medium, cholesterol was detected. This is the first instance of sterol-free animal cells. PMID- 6667503 TI - Matrix constituents of early developing bone examined by freeze fracture. AB - Specimens of aldehyde-fixed and glycerol-impregnated early developing bone matrix, obtained from rat calvaria, were examined by the freeze-fracture method. The developing bone matrix reveals collagen fibrils, numerous membranous structures and a granular background. The collagen fibrils, when viewed longitudinally, exhibit a substructure of thinner filaments (microfibrils) which appear to follow a twisted course along the fibril-axis. Some of the membranous structures are readily identified as osteoblast processes. Others, which are round, ovoid or irregular in shape, were found either with or without intramembrane particles (IMPs). It is concluded that the round or ovoid IMP containing membranous structures correspond to matrix-vesicles. The nature of the IMP-free bodies, however, is uncertain. They may be artefacts or genuine matrix vesicles deriving from unstable membrane domains which have a propensity for blebbing or budding off. Confirmation of the latter possibility might come from examination of directly frozen specimens. PMID- 6667504 TI - The re-entry of long term density growth inhibited cells into the cell cycle. AB - The pre-replective period of newly subcultivated human glial cells, following periods of G1 block as a result of density-dependent growth inhibition (DDGl), for 1 week, 3 months and 1 year were studied and compared with sister cultures blocked in G1 by serum starvation. The effects of the trypsination procedure on this prereplective period was also documented. Sister cultures of the 3 month growth inhibited cultures have previously been found to have 30% of their cytoplasm filled with residual bodies. Trypsination caused an almost 10 hour delay in the labeling-index-peak (LIP) of the serum starved, G1-blocked cells. The LIP of the 1 week growth inhibited cultures (DDGL), showed no significant delay when compared with that of the serum-starved and trypsinised cultures. The LIP of the 3 month growth-inhibited cultures occurred only slightly delayed and that of the 1 year growth inhibited cells (DDGL) showed no further delay. Thus the period of growth inhibition did not significantly delay the timing of the LIP while it did decrease the proportion of the cells which entered the S-phase (LIP tops of 30%, 22% and 6% for 1 week, 3 months and 1 year respectively). Daughter cultures did not enter phase III any earlier than controls. PMID- 6667507 TI - Promotion of epithelial cell adhesion on collagen by proteins from rat embryo fibroblasts. AB - We have found that the promoting effects of proteins from fibroblast conditioned medium (PCM) promote adhesion of rat liver epithelial cells (nonmalignant RL-34 cell line) seeded on collagen coated substratum. Since the effect was completely inhibited by treating the cells with cycloheximide the protein(s) are probably produced by the RL-34 cells. We also found that PCM-A fraction which is identical to fibronectin purified from whole PCM had no effect on RL-34 cell adhesion and that the adhesion was not inhibited even by adding affinity purified anti-FN antibody to the medium containing FN-free PCM (PCM-B fraction). This indicates that adhesion of rat liver epithelial cells on collagen substratum does not require FN, but requires the adhesion promoting factor(s) existing in PCM-B. PMID- 6667506 TI - Brevin, a serum protein that acts on the barbed end of actin filaments. AB - It has previously been shown that brevin, a relatively abundant serum protein, inhibits salt-induced polymerization of actin and reduces the length of actin filaments in vitro. In this study, we find that in the presence of calcium, brevin inhibits actin polymerization that has been nucleated by spectrin-band 4.1 actin complex from erythrocytes. Brevin also blocks elongation of actin filaments from reconstituted inside-out erythrocyte ghosts. Thus, brevin resembles the cytochalasins in inhibiting actin filament elongation by binding to the rapidly growing end of actin filaments (the barbed end after heavy meromyosin decoration). Brevin, like gelsolin from macrophages and villin from intestinal brush border, also appears capable of severing preformed actin filaments and disrupting filament networks as measured with a low-shear falling ball viscometer. PMID- 6667505 TI - Capacitation and the acrosome reaction in guinea pig spermatozoa increase the availability of surface aminophospholipids for labelling by trinitrobenzene sulphonate. AB - Guinea pig spermatozoa isolated from the epididymis were capacitated by incubation in phosphate buffered saline at 37 degrees C for 5h. and the acrosome reaction induced by addition of calcium chloride (10mM). There was no significant difference between the phospholipid compositions of freshly prepared, capacitated or acrosome reacted spermatozoa. However, the % of the aminophospholipids available to trinitrobenzene sulphonate in the external medium was increased significantly in capacitated and acrosome reacted spermatozoa compared with freshly isolated spermatozoa. These observations are consistent with the morphological observations of others and suggest that on capacitation there is a change in the arrangement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane of spermatozoa to increase the concentration of fusogenic phospholipids in the outer leaflet. PMID- 6667508 TI - Somatic hybridization of two selected single cells. AB - Two single mesophyll-protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi were selected into a 100 nl microdroplet of 0.4 M mannitol. Two cylindrical platinum electrodes were inserted into the microdroplet to align the two single cells via dielectrophoresis in an AC-field (1 MHz, about 120 V X cm-1). A single square DC pulse of about 1.5 KV X cm-1 was applied to induce protoplast fusion. PMID- 6667509 TI - Regulation of glycoprotein synthesis by thymic hormones in human thymocytes. AB - The synthesis of glycoproteins was studied in human thymocytes by metabolic labeling of cells with [3H] fucose and the influence of two thymic hormones, thymopoietin and thymosin fraction V was examined. Membrane and cytoplasmic proteins were prepared by a differential centrifugation procedure and resolved into distinct bands by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. De novo synthesis of about 10 membrane proteins and 6 cytoplasmic proteins was observed. Four of the membrane proteins, M1 (98Kd), M2 (45Kd), M3 (42Kd) and M5 (25.5Kd), appear to be similar to the cell surface glycoproteins identified in human thymocytes by others [Eur. J. Immunol. 10: 359 (1980)]. M2 (45Kd protein) was synthesized in thymocytes treated with thymopoietin, in cells from a patient with myasthenia gravis, and in a human T cell line. It was not made in normal thymocytes or thymocytes treated with thymosin. Hormones had no effect on the synthesis of cytoplasmic glycoproteins. PMID- 6667510 TI - Effects of Daunomycin and Daunomycin-protein conjugates on the ultrastructure of Trypanosoma rhodesiense. AB - The nucleus (but not the kinetoplast) of Trypanosoma rhodesiense is the principal target for trypanocidal attack by Daunomycin in vitro and Daunomycin-protein conjugates in vivo; free Daunomycin is inactive in vivo. Nucleolar segregation and abnormal distribution of heterochromatin occur after drug treatment as in tumour cells. Other abnormal changes include formation of cytoplasmic clefts and autophagic vacuoles, increased prominence of the tubular collection system, and exocytotic vesicle production. Large masses of ferritin accumulate in white cells after treatment with the drug-ferritin conjugate but no ferritin was detectable in trypanosomes. PMID- 6667511 TI - Immunoelectron microscopy of the outer membrane of rat hepatocyte nuclear envelopes in relation to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. AB - Prefixed nuclei were isolated from rat liver after perfusion with dilute glutaraldehyde. These nuclei sometimes were associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and occasionally continuity of the outer nuclear membrane with rough ER membrane was found. When these prefixed nuclei were incubated with ferritin antibody conjugates against cytochrome P-450, the cytoplasmic face of the outer nuclear membrane was labeled with ferritin similar to the labeling of the rough ER membrane. In the nuclear pore region, ferritin particles were present on the outer membrane up to the outer annuli of the pore complexes. When unfixed nuclei were incubated at 0-4 degrees C or at 20 degrees C, some outer nuclear membranes were detached from the nuclear surface. In this case the nuclear pore complexes remained associated with the inner nuclear membrane, and small inside-out vesicles were formed at these pore regions. We also found some rough vesicles heavily labeled with ferritin particles within the nuclear matrix. They probably were derived from the rough ER or from the outer nuclear envelope which was internalized artificially during incubation. PMID- 6667512 TI - Differential growth requirements of serum factors (bovine serum albumin and low density lipoprotein) for normal and transformed human cells in a serum-free culture. AB - Serum-free culture is a useful method for identifying the growth requirements of normal cells of human origin and comparing them to the requirements of transformed human cells. We examined differential growth requirements of serum factors (bovine serum albumin (BSA) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) on normal (HEL), Co-60 gamma ray-transformed (CT-1) and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide transformed (SUSM-1) human fibroblast cells in the absence of serum. A decreased requirement for serum was closely related to a decreased requirement for BSA in both types of transformed cells. The growth rate and saturation density of HEL and CT-1 cells grown in serum-free medium supplemented with the optimal concentrations of BSA were almost equal to the rates of cells grown in serum supplemented medium. When BSA alone was added to the serum-free medium it did not support the continuous growth of SUSM-1 cells because of cellular detachment. An addition of LDL to serum-free cultures not only promoted the moderate growth of HEL cells, it promoted the continuous growth of SUSM-1 cells as well. In contrast, LDL was not required for the optimal growth of CT-1 cells. Transformed human cells specifically had reduced quantitative and qualitative growth requirements for one or more serum factors. PMID- 6667513 TI - Intracellular localization of the radioactive galactose incorporated into embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - Cellular sites of [3H]galactose incorporated into F9 embryonal carcinoma cells were determined by electronmicroscopic autoradiography. Fifty-six per cent of the label was on plasma membrane. PMID- 6667514 TI - The cyanine dye triS-C4(5) as a cationic uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation: interaction with mitochondria detected by derivative spectrophotometry. AB - Derivative spectrophotometry was used to study the interaction of the cationic uncoupler triS-C4(5) with mitochondria. The uncoupling action of this dye is dependent on the presence of Pi in the incubation medium. The second derivative spectrum of the dye changed with the incubation period, becoming similar to the spectrum in chloroform; but, after a time, the spectral pattern reverted to the original spectrum. The change in the spectrum in the presence of Pi was much more rapid than in its absence. The degree of spectral change agreed with the relative amount of bound dye determined directly. Thus, the spectral change reflects the binding of dye to the mitochondria, dependent on their energy state. The greater binding without Pi does not cause uncoupling but does cause shrinkage. In contrast, the lesser binding in the presence of Pi causes uncoupling and the swelling of mitochondria. These facts indicate that the dye does not penetrate the mitochondrial membrane. This refutes the idea that uncoupling by lipophilic cations is caused by the electrophoretic transfer of the uncoupler to the mitochondrial matrix space. PMID- 6667516 TI - [23d Conference of the Ministers of Health of Socialist Countries. "Basic principles of organization in securing therapeutic drugs for the population of socialist countries"]. PMID- 6667517 TI - [Standards of personnel staffing in the pharmaceutical service]. PMID- 6667515 TI - Enhancement of aggregation of Chinese hamster V79 cells in rotation culture by 12 O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. AB - A potent mouse skin tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), enhanced the increase in the size of aggregates of Chinese hamster V79 C-2 cells cultured in rotation flasks for 24 h. The effective concentrations of TPA were 1 100 ng/ml. Phorbol used as the negative control did not enhance aggregate formation of V79 C-2 cells. When aggregates that had formed in culture with TPA for 24 h were transferred to normal medium and cultured for another 24 h in rotation culture, aggregate size was not markedly enhanced as compared with that in the control culture. These results suggest that some changes produced in the cell surface by TPA remain irreversible on further culture in normal medium. No such difference in aggregate-forming activity was found in aggregates formed with phorbol. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvent had no effect at the concentrations used in these experiments. PMID- 6667518 TI - [3-substituted derivatives of 5-methylisoxazole with antiparasitic effects]. PMID- 6667520 TI - Acute respiratory infections. PMID- 6667519 TI - [Drug analysis. IX. Stability of adrenaline in nose drops containing boric acid and a comparison of the results of various methods of its control]. PMID- 6667521 TI - Contaminated opium as a source of chronic arsenic poisoning in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6667522 TI - Chronic arsenic poisoning in opium addicts in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6667523 TI - Address by Dr. Dennis J Aloysius, President of the S.L.M.A. at the Inauguration of the 96th Anniversary Sessions. PMID- 6667524 TI - A study on the incidence of bronchial carcinoma in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6667525 TI - A review of psychiatric aspects for termination of pregnancy. PMID- 6667526 TI - Pernicious anaemia--a case report. PMID- 6667527 TI - Surgical management of mitral stenosis in pregnancy. PMID- 6667529 TI - Amino acids and peptides. IX. Synthesis of cysteine-containing peptide fragments related to human hepatic metallothionein II (hMT II) and determination of their heavy metal-binding properties. PMID- 6667528 TI - Uracil derivatives. IV. Growth-inhibitory activity against L-1210 cells of orotic acid derivatives and synthesis of 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)furo[3,4-d]pyrimidine 2,4,7(1H,3H,5H)-trione. PMID- 6667530 TI - New antihypertensive agents. III. Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of some arylalkyl piperidines carrying a heterocycle at the 4-position. PMID- 6667531 TI - The utility of the deuterated spin label in the spin immunoassay of cortisol. PMID- 6667532 TI - Effects of calcium and magnesium on the anticoagulant action of heparin. PMID- 6667533 TI - Biochemical studies on oral toxicity of ricin. I. Ricin administered orally can impair sugar absorption by rat small intestine. PMID- 6667534 TI - Inactivation of human alkaline phosphatase by sodium thiocyanate. PMID- 6667535 TI - Effect of pharmaceutical adjuvants on the rectal permeability of drugs. II. Effect of Tween-type surfactants on the permeability of drugs in the rat rectum. PMID- 6667536 TI - Macrocyclic polyamines as calculi solubilizers. PMID- 6667537 TI - The implication of thoracic duct lymph in the distribution and elimination of rabbit muscle creatine phosphokinase. PMID- 6667538 TI - Effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on lysosomal enzymes of rat kidney. PMID- 6667539 TI - In vitro and in situ models for the prediction of in vivo absorption behavior of sulfonamides following dissolution. PMID- 6667540 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of metabolism and urinary excretion of isoxazolylpenicillins in man. PMID- 6667541 TI - Studies on sustained-release dosage forms. II. Pharmacokinetics after rectal administration of indomethacin suppositories in rabbits. PMID- 6667542 TI - Smooth muscle contractile activities of leukotriene analogues. PMID- 6667543 TI - Azoreductase activity of liver aldehyde oxidase. PMID- 6667544 TI - "Inverse" type of synthetic inhibitors of trypsin, S-omega-aminoalkyl thioesters. PMID- 6667545 TI - Evidence for reduction of hydroxamic acids to the corresponding amides by liver aldehyde oxidase. PMID- 6667546 TI - Congenital anomalies of the lung in the adult. PMID- 6667547 TI - A medical tour through The Cleveland Museum of Art. PMID- 6667548 TI - Masked macrocytosis and the use of serum vitamin B12 and folate assays. PMID- 6667549 TI - Cytodiagnosis of rheumatoid pleural effusion. PMID- 6667550 TI - Esophageal perforation: a complication of the Angelchik prosthesis. PMID- 6667551 TI - Removal of massive ovarian tumor: case report and a critical review of surgical management and postoperative care. PMID- 6667552 TI - Massive intramuscular myxoma associated with fibrous dysplasia of bone. PMID- 6667553 TI - Evaluation of focal abnormality of the liver in a patient with known primary carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 6667554 TI - The use of short-term ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in differing forms of hypertension. AB - Single blood pressure readings represent the conventional approach for determining the presence and severity of hypertension. However, the relationship between single (casual) readings and the whole-day blood pressure average is weak, especially in patients with borderline hypertension and in the elderly. In this study we have compared casual blood pressures with the averages of blood pressures obtained during short-term (two-hour) and long-term (24-hour) ambulatory monitoring in patients with mild (n = 19), moderate (n = 11), or predominant systolic (n = 11) essential hypertension. The blood pressure averages obtained during long-term monitoring were significantly lower than the casual blood pressure in all three subgroups. The averages of short-term monitoring in the morning were in between the other two blood pressure levels. The correlation coefficients between two-hour morning averages of pressure and whole-day averages were highly significant (p less than 0.01 or better), and stronger than those between casual and whole-day average pressures, in the group of patients as a whole and in all three subgroups. The slopes of the regression equations were close to unity. Therefore, ambulatory short-term monitoring of blood pressure in the morning is superior to casual blood pressure and probably is an adequate substitute for whole-day observations in quantifying whole-day blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients, especially in patients with mild hypertension and in those with predominant systolic hypertension. PMID- 6667555 TI - Facts and fallacies about measuring blood pressure in rats. AB - Although blood pressure can easily be measured in anesthetized rats by simply connecting a catheter to a pressure transducer, repeated measurements taken over long periods of time in awake rats are much more difficult to make. For chronic experiments two methods are now commonly used: direct recording from chronically implanted arterial catheters, or indirect measurement with the tail-cuff method. Direct recording of intraarterial pressure can be done continuously and is more accurate, but technically more demanding. On the other hand, although tail-cuff measurements are less accurate, they do not require surgery and can be repeated almost indefinitely. With most tail-cuff methods the rats are preheated to dilate the tail vessels and thereby facilitate pulse detection, but with the new IITC photoelectric sensor indirect measurements of systolic as well as of mean arterial pressure can be made without external preheating. Even with a properly validated tail-cuff method, however, errors can still occur particularly when it is used to quantify modest blood pressure changes like those during development of hypertension, or following administration of vasoactive drugs. To safeguard against such errors, each laboratory should always validate its own tail-cuff method under uniform experimental conditions similar to those existing when the method is actually used. Additionally, all blood pressure differences thereby detected should be verified by direct measurement of intraarterial pressure in the same rats. PMID- 6667557 TI - Effect of the intracerebroventricular injection of dopamine on blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - To examine the role of the central dopaminergic system in blood pressure regulation, dopamine was injected into the cerebral lateral ventricles of conscious, unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-salt hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY). Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of dopamine produced a significant dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure in the SHR as well as in the WKY and DOC-salt hypertensive rats. However, the SHR were significantly more sensitive than were the other 2 groups of rats. In the SHR, this central depressor effect of dopamine was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with i.c.v. metoclopramide, but not by phentolamine, suggesting that central dopamine receptors rather than alpha-adrenoceptors are involved in the mediation of the actions of dopamine in the brain. These results suggest that the central dopaminergic system plays a more important role in the regulation of blood pressure in the SHR than in the WKY and DOC-salt hypertensive rats. PMID- 6667556 TI - Cholinergic receptor site binding, choline acetyltransferase, and acetylcholinesterase activity in the forebrain and brainstem of the Dahl rat model of essential hypertension. AB - Muscarinic and nicotinic receptor site binding and the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the forebrain and brainstem of Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant (DR) rats was investigated. The DS line had a greater density of muscarinic sites in the cortex, hypothalamus, and medulla. Hypertensive DS rats had a greater density of sites than normotensive DS rats. ChAT activity was also higher in the cortex and hypothalamus of the DS line than the DR line. No significant differences were found in the activity of AChE or the concentration of nicotinic sites. These results suggest that the central muscarinic cholinergic system may participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension in the DS rat. The data indicate that central cholinergic activity is possibly greater in the DS than the DR rat and that this may help to explain the enhanced pressor response in the DS line after pharmacological activation of the central cholinergic system. PMID- 6667558 TI - Influence of sodium diet and deoxycorticosterone on the response to norepinephrine, lysine-vasopressin and angiotensin II of isolated perfused rat mesenteric arteries. AB - The pressure response of isolated perfused mesenteric arteries to norepinephrine, lysine-vasopressin and angiotensin II was evaluated after feeding 3 different sodium diets and administration of deoxycorticosterone to the intact rats. Varying sodium diet did not consistently alter vascular responsiveness to the 3 pressor agonists. In contrast, the administration of deoxycorticosterone enhanced the responsiveness to lysine-vasopressin and particularly to angiotensin II. This enhanced responsiveness was equally present following a low or a high sodium diet. These results suggest that sodium intake of the intact animal has no consistent influence on the responsiveness of isolated mesenteric rat arteries, whereas deoxycorticosterone tends to enhance the vascular response independently of sodium. PMID- 6667559 TI - [Thyroid disorders in college students]. PMID- 6667560 TI - [Immophase single step F-T4 radioimmunoassay kit]. PMID- 6667561 TI - [Evaluation of rapid assay kit "Daiichi II" for serum levels of prolactin]. PMID- 6667562 TI - [Determination of serum thyroglobulin]. PMID- 6667563 TI - [Serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor by radioimmunoassay--experimental and clinical studies]. PMID- 6667564 TI - [Epidemiological studies of thyroid diseases and their surgical management]. PMID- 6667565 TI - [Surgical management of hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 6667566 TI - [Surgical management of parathyroid gland diseases. Urological approach]. PMID- 6667567 TI - [Adrenocortical tumors]. PMID- 6667568 TI - [22 surgical cases of pheochromocytoma of the adrenal medulla]. PMID- 6667570 TI - Muscarinic receptor inhibition and other effects of pancuronium in the rabbit ear artery preparation. AB - The effect of pancuronium in the rabbit ear artery was investigated in order to measure the inhibition it produces at the prejunctional muscarinic receptor on sympathetic nerve endings in this tissue. Pancuronium (0.1-0.2 mmol/l) produced an enhancement of responses to transmural electrical stimulation but this effect was absent in experiments conducted in the presence of cocaine (10 mumol/l) suggesting that an inhibition of the uptake1 mechanism occurs with pancuronium in this tissue. Pancuronium (10 mumol/l) in the presence of cocaine (10 mumol/l) and yohimbine (1 mumol/l) caused a small transient increase in resting output of tritium from arteries preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline but did not affect stimulated output of tritium nor the perfusion pressure in perfused preparations. Pancuronium in the presence of cocaine or cocaine plus yohimbine caused a parallel shift of the concentration-response curve for the inhibitory effect of carbachol (CCh) on the increase in perfusion pressure induced by nervous stimulation. An Arunlakshana-Schild plot of the data was linear but the slopes of 0.92 and 0.95 respectively, were significantly different from unity (P less than 0.05). The calculated pKB value suggests that pancuronium has a different affinity for prejunctional muscarinic receptors on sympathetic nerve endings in this tissue compared to that previously reported in cardiac or ileal smooth muscle. PMID- 6667571 TI - Proceedings of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. Ontario, Canada, 1982. PMID- 6667569 TI - Cardiovascular responses elicited by microinjection of cholinergic agents into nucleus dorsalis raphe in cats. AB - The effect of cholinomimetics and cholinoceptor blocking agents microinjected into nucleus dorsalis raphe (NDR) has been studied on heart rate and blood pressure to identify the nature and role of these cholinoceptors in cardiovascular regulation. Microinjection of the cholinoceptor agonists, pilocarpine and carbachol into NDR elicited bradycardia and hypotension accompanied by salivation which could be blocked by local pretreatment with ethybenztropine (a muscarinic receptor blocker), but not by chlorisondamine (a nicotinic receptor blocker). Pretreatment with atropine methylnitrate (i.v.), which blocks only peripheral muscarinic receptors, did not prevent these cardiovascular responses evoked by carbachol microinjection. These cholinergic receptors seem to be localized in NDR since, microinjection of carbachol into neural structures adjoining NDR, failed to induce any cardiovascular responses. Muscarinic cholinoceptors are present in NDR which modulate cardiovascular activity by influencing sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord. PMID- 6667572 TI - The genetics of congenital malformations. AB - In this paper I have attempted to review briefly both how and why visible chromosome and invisible gene abnormalities may cause congenital malformations and syndromes. The causes may represent nonspecific disturbances in the timing of embryologic events or specific effects on a particular tissue, organ, or cell type. Several different biochemical pathways or structural proteins may impinge upon a single or several embryological events; several genes may be involved in a single pathway, and different changes may affect a single gene. The end result of many of these different processes may well be a similar morphological manifestation. An appreciation and understanding of the potential diversity of genetic causes for a malformation, and the wide variation in the phenotypic expression of malformations or syndromes that is typically seen, is essential if one is to provide adequate medical management to patients and their families. The rapid advances being seen today in the fields of genetics and embryology hold great potential for a true understanding of the developmental biology of, and the ultimate prevention of, congenital malformations. PMID- 6667573 TI - Neural tube defects: clinical correlations. AB - There are several approaches that can be applied to the analysis of malformations of the CNS. One practical way in making clinical correlations is to divide neural tube defects into those that arise during the period of neurulation and those that arise thereafter. This concept applies to cranial and spinal lesions and makes it possible to interpret clinical findings with embryological events. Malformations of the CNS that arise during the period of neurulation are not covered by skin and can be diagnosed prenatally by amniocentesis. Postneurulation CNS malformations are skin-covered and have differing patterns of associated malformation and etiologies. There is an overlap of the latter group with congenital tumors, and for the most part these malformations are not apt to be diagnosed prenatally. PMID- 6667574 TI - Cerebellar tumors in children. AB - All of the available classifications of brain tumors, including that provided by the World Health Organization, fail to take site into consideration when they provide estimates of prognosis. It seems from the preliminary information provided in this report that the common posterior fossa brain tumors frequently occupy extracerebellar sites already at the time of the first hospitalization, and that this information is likely to be helpful in planning further therapy. PMID- 6667575 TI - Posterior fossa tumors in childhood: radiation treatment. PMID- 6667576 TI - Chemotherapy of recurrent pediatric posterior fossa tumors. PMID- 6667577 TI - Management of medulloblastoma in childhood. PMID- 6667578 TI - Prognosis and long-term follow-up in patients with medulloblastoma. PMID- 6667579 TI - The value of precraniotomy shunts in children with posterior fossa tumors. PMID- 6667580 TI - Disadvantages of the preoperative shunt in posterior fossa tumors. PMID- 6667581 TI - Quality and neurosurgery. PMID- 6667582 TI - Meningomyelocele: "pitfalls" in early and late management. AB - Meningomyelocele is a dynamic ever evolving disease. Children surviving the neonatal period remain at risk for a variety of related neurosurgical problems which are only being recognized as that affected population grows larger and older. The least afflicted children are the most vulnerable, as they have more function which may be further impaired. It is essential that the spina bifida clinic be aware of these potential problems and remain responsive to the changing medical and surgical needs of this "aging" patient population. PMID- 6667583 TI - Management of the Chiari malformations in childhood. PMID- 6667584 TI - Results of treatment of children born with a myelomeningocele. PMID- 6667585 TI - Diastematomyelia. PMID- 6667586 TI - The tethered spinal cord. PMID- 6667587 TI - The management of the child with a lipomyelomeningocele. PMID- 6667588 TI - Spine-spinal cord relationships in spinal cord trauma. PMID- 6667589 TI - Recovery from spinal cord injury. AB - There are many classifications of spinal cord injury. The anatomic definitions help in understanding the pathophysiology but are less useful in calculating recovery. Basic classifications, such as those by Guttman and Frankel, are useful for epidemiological studies, especially if one wishes to compare patients internationally or to compare data bases but this information, except in complete lesions, is too limited to allow more refined calculations as to the effectiveness of treatment modalities, especially in partial lesions. An accurate motor index, such as we have described, or such as the Yale index (2), is needed for more specific calculations of recovery if any prediction about the efficacy of various treatments are to be made. We have described our data from the mid 1970s in detail to explain our current treatment protocols. While nothing can be done for the completely paralyzed patient, our treatment of the acute (transiently concussed) near complete lesion and partial lesion must be tailored to maximize recovery. The fact that patients with initially complete motor lesion show some motor recovery in 15% indicates that some lesions are reversible and that we should try to learn to identify these patients and treat them to maximize their recovery. Certain severe partial lesions show poor recovery; we must improve therapy for these patients. Patients with partial lesions and 25-30% motor power below the injury have an 80% (+/- 20%) recovery; we should strive to attain and improve on these good results by appropriate medical and surgical management. In sharing with you our methods and data, we have provided these preliminary conclusions which influence our behavior as neurosurgeons, but it is equally clear that much work still needs to be done. This chapter should represent a reference source with which we can continue to work. PMID- 6667590 TI - Craniovertebral junction abnormalities. PMID- 6667591 TI - Management of syringomyelia: a pathophysiological approach. PMID- 6667592 TI - Thoracolumbar injuries. AB - Thoracolumbar injuries represent an unique neurologic injury. In light of the potential for recovery in the roots of the cauda equina, an aggressive plan of management should be undertaken, to absolutely ensure an adequate decompression of the spinal canal and neural elements, but in addition to accomplish a simultaneous bony reduction and fusion of the injury site. Traditional laminectomy alone has minimal benefit in most of these cases, since compression is usually anterior and decompression is best achieved through a posterolateral or anterior transthoracic approach. The best avenue of decompression is dictated by a careful and complete preoperative radiographic evaluation, including polytomography and CT scanning. Utilization of this aggressive plan of management can then offer an optimum milieu for neurologic recovery and at the same time produce solid, pain-free bony healing with a minimum of spinal deformity. PMID- 6667593 TI - High resolution CT of the spine in lumbar disc disease. PMID- 6667594 TI - Diagnosis and management of lumbar spinal stenosis. PMID- 6667595 TI - Management of spinal epidural metastases. PMID- 6667597 TI - Position statement of the AFCR on the organization of the National Institutes of Health. PMID- 6667596 TI - Preserving America's preeminence in medical research. Principles for the support of biomedical research. Position of the Association of American Medical Colleges. PMID- 6667599 TI - Familial erythrocytosis with over-production of erythropoietin. AB - A family is described in which the father and son had erythrocytosis associated with a normal Hb oxygen affinity. Growth of erythroid colonies in vitro (BFU-E) exhibited normal erythropoietin dependence. In the son there was an enlarged erythroid precursor compartment, while the father (who had been treated by busulphan) showed marked reduction of circulating BFU-Es. Serum erythropoietin (Epo), estimated by radio-immunoassay, was 96 miu/ml in the son and 360 miu/ml in the father (normal 25, SD 6, n = 46). We conclude that erythrocytosis in this family is due to a genetically determined hyper-production of Epo. The finding in the father of a high Hb level associated with increased Epo and decreased BFU-Es might support the hypothesis that red cell mass is regulated by Epo at the level of bone marrow CFU-Es rather than BFU-Es. PMID- 6667598 TI - Poor statistical design in research on humans: the role of committees on human research. PMID- 6667600 TI - The evaluation of neutropenia: the use of the granulocyte mobilization test. AB - Ten individuals with idiopathic neutropenia and similar numbers of normal and abnormal controls were tested for mobilization of their marginal granulocyte pools and bone marrow reserve by using epinephrine and hydrocortisone intravenously. Individuals with 'benign' idiopathic neutropenia appeared to have a normal response while half the abnormal controls responded poorly. It is suggested that granulocyte mobilization tests are valuable in the assessment of individuals with neutropenia. PMID- 6667601 TI - Autologous blood collection in abdominal vascular surgery. Assessment of a low pressure blood salvage system with particular reference to the preservation of cellular elements, triglyceride, complement and bacterial content in the collected blood. AB - A simple, low pressure, blood scavenging system has been assessed in major abdominal vascular operations. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of blood obtained with this device and its suitability for reinfusion. Three areas of special interest, which have not been reported so far, are the fate of plasma complement, the load of fat aspirated after tissue dissection and the degree of bacterial contamination in the scavenged blood. The development of autologous blood scavenging systems is reviewed. The features which most affect the quality of scavenged blood are identified and their importance discussed by comparison with our experience. Key features of our system were: simplicity of the apparatus, controlled low-pressure aspiration, the use of systemic heparin and the avoidance of mechanical pumps. The blood obtained was of excellent quality with good preservation of cellular elements, platelets and fibrinogen. Plasma total haemolytic complement, C3 and C4 fractions were preserved in normal, though slightly reduced, quantities. Lipid (triglyceride) content was minimally increased after filtration. Bacterial contamination was present in all cases, but at a very low level provided that aspiration was limited to the peritoneal cavity. This low-level of contamination is not thought to be of great significance; its origin and importance are discussed. PMID- 6667602 TI - The importance of cross-match/transfusion ratio and intervals between successive cross-matches in determining red cell outdate rates. AB - Measurements have been made of cross-match/transfusion ratios (C/T ratio) and intervals between successive cross-matches on the same units of blood performed in three different major hospitals each providing a wide range of clinical services. Outdate rates were 4%, 15% and 25% respectively and were associated with C/T ratios of 1.3, 2.0 and 2.15. There were corresponding increases (means of 3.6, 4.5 and 5.0 days) in the length of time unused units of blood were left between successive cross-matches. Calculations of outdate rates from the above figures closely predicted the trend shown by observed non-use rates. It has thus been demonstrated that apparently small differences in blood bank practice can produce important variations in the efficiency of use of red cell units. PMID- 6667603 TI - An assessment of the Coulter Counter Models S Plus II and III. AB - The Coulter Counter Models S Plus II and III have been evaluated. No serious safety hazards were identified. Scientific assessment showed some non-linearity in the Hb which caused the MCH and MCHC to vary as samples were diluted. Precision and carry-over were satisfactory. The results obtained compared well with those of the Coulter Counter Model S, except for WBC; reference methods showed better accuracy on the Models S Plus II and III. Platelet counts agreed with those by phase-contrast microscopy and the lymphocyte percentage was similar to that from the blood film except in the lymphoproliferative disorders. The whole blood and pre-dilute modes gave similar results though the platelet count was slightly higher in the whole blood mode. In the National External Quality Assessment Scheme results were in accordance with those from other Model S Plus Users. Time did not allow a detailed evaluation of the cell volume distribution curves but it was noted that the white cell profile was useful for detecting platelet aggregation. Efficiency assessment showed throughputs of 66 and 93 samples per hour on the Models S Plus II and III respectively. The platelet count was clinically useful as was the lymphocyte percentage measurement which rendered some differentials unnecessary. Rejection of the white cell profile was a helpful index of abnormality on the Model S Plus II but occurred non-specifically on the Model III tested. PMID- 6667604 TI - The use of Vacutainer tubes for collection and storage of blood for coagulation testing. AB - A study has been performed to evaluate the suitability of Vacutainer tubes in blood specimen collection for coagulation tests and to compare them with the conventional syringe technique employed in UK hospitals. Blood was collected from healthy volunteers, an ante-natal group and patients on long-term oral anticoagulants. Samples were stored at two different temperatures; 4 degrees C and ambient room temperature (RT). Prothrombin times, factor VII assays and APTT were performed at baseline and after 2 h and 4 h storage. There was significant activation of the extrinsic system in the blood samples collected by Vacutainer when stored at 4 degrees C which became more significant on prolonged storage. The effect was less pronounced when the Vacutainer tubes were stored at RT. In contrast, the blood collected by the syringe method did not show these changes with the exception of the ante-natal specimens where a lesser degree of activation than in the Vacutainer tubes was observed after 4 h at 4 degrees C. The activation of the Vacutainer samples at 4 degrees C is considered undesirable and could be of clinical significance in oral anticoagulant dosage. PMID- 6667605 TI - Reduced levels of factor XIII in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6667606 TI - Effect of pyridoxal on growth of nutritionally variant streptococci and other bacteria on sheep blood agar. AB - Supplementation of sheep blood agar with pyridoxal hydrochloride or pyridoxamine dihydrochloride aided recovery of nutritionally variant streptococci; however, it was found to prevent recovery of 6 of 173 (3%) primary isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes and to adversely affect laboratory recognition of other streptococci. Pyridoxal hydrochloride or pyridoxamine dihydrochloride should not be a routine supplement in all sheep blood agar. PMID- 6667607 TI - Detection of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin in HEp-2 and CHO cell lines. AB - The detection of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin was compared in two established cell lines; Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and a human epithelial line, HEp-2. All specimens with positive toxin assays were detected with the CHO cell line, whereas only one-half of positive specimens were detected with the HEp-2 cells. PMID- 6667608 TI - Isolation and characterization of the cyanogen bromide peptides of the collagen 2 alpha chain from a transplantable rat chondrosarcoma. AB - The rat collagen 2 alpha chain was isolated from a transplantable Swarm chondrosarcoma following limited pepsin proteolysis. The chromatographically purified 2 alpha chain when cleaved with cyanogen bromide yields nine peptides which have been isolated and characterized with respect to their molecular weight and their amino acid composition. Eight of these peptides can be rapidly separated by gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography and retrieved for further purification by ion-exchange chromatography. The nine peptides are recovered in equimolar amounts and together account for a total of 1,014 amino acid residues. The features of the isolated cyanogen bromide peptides of the 2 alpha chain clearly differentiate it from other known collagen polypeptides. The possible homologies between the 2 alpha chain and other collagen alpha chains are noted. Comparison of the cyanogen bromide peptides indicates a close relationship of the 2 alpha to the alpha 1(V) chain. PMID- 6667609 TI - Monoclonal antibodies as probes for differentiating tropoelastin a and b. AB - BALB/C mice were immunized with a mixture of aortic tropoelastin a and b. To ensure the presence of tropoelastin a, the lathyritic chick aortic tissue was first extracted with denaturing and reducing agents. After dialysis, the standard procedure for tropoelastin purification was followed. Following immunization, the lymphocytes were fused with a myeloma cell line. Resulting hybridomas were cloned and tested for reactivity towards tropoelastin a and b. The majority of monoclonal antibodies exhibited crossreactivity between the two tropoelastins. Two of the clones were further characterized because of their ability to differentiate both tropoelastin a and b. As demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses, one clone reacted preferentially with tropoelastin b and the other with tropoelastin a and b. Significantly, these results demonstrate that tropoelastin a and b can be differentiated by immunological techniques. PMID- 6667611 TI - Structural changes during development in bovine fetal epiphyseal cartilage. AB - Sedimentation coefficients of approximately 150 S show that proteoglycan aggregates from bovine fetal epiphyseal cartilage are exceptionally large. To determine the structural basis for the unusually large size of these proteoglycan aggregates, identify changes in proteoglycan structure with changing developmental age, and provide a basis for demonstrating the structural modifications which may occur in growth plate proteoglycan aggregates during endochondral ossification, we examined the molecular architecture and dimensions of fetal epiphyseal proteoglycans by electron microscopy. The eight bovine epiphyseal cartilages studied ranged in fetal age from 168 to 241 days. Proteoglycans were extracted in 4 M guanidinium hydrochloride containing protease inhibitors and isolated by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation under associative and dissociative conditions. Electron micrographs were made from monolayer preparations of proteoglycan-cytochrome c mixtures on nitrocellulose support films. The overall molecular architecture of the proteoglycan aggregates from fetal epiphyseal cartilages was similar to that of aggregates from other cartilages and showed a single, unbranched central hyaluronic acid filament to which many proteoglycan monomers were attached. However, the dimensions of the fetal proteoglycans differed strikingly from those of proteoglycans from mature cow nasal or immature calf nasal cartilage. Specifically, proteoglycan aggregates from bovine fetal epiphyseal cartilage showed: (a) longer hyaluronic acid central filaments; (b) greater numbers of proteoglycan monomers per aggregate; (c) closer spacing of proteoglycan monomers along the hyaluronic acid central filament; and (d) longer proteoglycan monomer core proteins. Proteoglycan monomers bound to hyaluronate consisted of two segments: (1) a peripheral thick segment, composed of the chondroitin sulfate chains condensed along the peripheral portion of the protein core, which corresponds to the chondroitin sulfate-rich region; and, (2) a central thin segment, devoid of visible glycosaminoglycan chains, which attaches directly to the hyaluronic acid central filament and contains the hyaluronic acid binding region and a portion of the keratan sulfate-rich region. The contribution of the thin segment to total monomer length decreased as total monomer length increased. Thus, in longer monomers the thick segment contributed more to total monomer length and the thin segment contributed less. Both the thin and thick segments of monomers from fetal epiphyseal cartilage were longer than the corresponding segments of calf nasal cartilage and mature bovine nasal cartilage monomers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6667610 TI - Distribution of CL glycoprotein in tissues: an immunohistochemical study. AB - CL glycoprotein is a collagen-like glycoprotein which we have recently isolated from rapidly growing fetal bovine, elastin-rich tissues. This protein has a molecular weight of approximately 140,000 daltons, contains hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine and is digested by highly purified collagenase to yield three large polypeptides. A specific antibody has been developed against this protein and has been used for immunofluorescence microscopy to study the distribution of CL glycoprotein in a range of tissues. It has been shown that the antibody localized in the intercellular matrix of nuchal ligament and aorta, of the non-elastic Achilles tendon and in complex tissues such as kidney, lung, skin and spleen. The antibody also localized to the surface of aortic smooth muscle cells-presumably to the basement membrane, but did not bind to other basement membranes, including the vascular subendothelial basement membrane. The pattern of distribution was similar in adult bovine tissues. As this antibody showed no avidity for elastic tissue elements, it is most unlikely that CL glycoprotein is a constituent of elastin-associated microfibrils. When the pattern of the CL glycoprotein distribution within the tissues was studied, it was found that, apart from its concentration around vascular smooth muscle cells, CL glycoprotein exhibited considerable overlap in distribution with the interstitial collagens. On the basis of these observations and having regard to its biochemical characteristics, it is proposed that CL glycoprotein has a structural role inter-linking interstitial components to one another and to vascular smooth muscle cells. PMID- 6667612 TI - Electron-microscopical studies of conformational changes in dentinal phosphophoryn. AB - p67tinal phosphophoryn was isolated and purified from unerupted calves molars by the methods of Butler et al. (1981). The resulting proteins were concurrently analyzed by circular dichroism and electron microscopy after low-angle rotary shadowing. Electron microscopy of these proteins in aqueous solutions revealed extended bead-like chains that possessed intramolecular variations in morphology. The addition of calcium ion or methanol to solutions of these proteins produced circular dichroism spectra indicative of more ordered structures. Electron microscopy of these preparations revealed aggregates of 25-30 nm disc-like structures. Although correlations of domain sequences and structure were not possible, the resulting structures did possess molecular morphologies that are compatible with some of the functional roles advocated for these proteins as calcium hydroxyapatite nucleating sites in the mineralization of dentin (Lechner et al., 1981). PMID- 6667613 TI - Comprehensive rehabilitation in an acute community hospital. PMID- 6667614 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. PMID- 6667615 TI - Office evaluation of renal function. PMID- 6667616 TI - Medical aspects of nuclear events involving human populations. PMID- 6667618 TI - Clinical privileges--what's ahead. PMID- 6667617 TI - Thallium perfusion imaging in myocarditis. PMID- 6667619 TI - Connecticut's informed consent case. PMID- 6667620 TI - Ovarian function, bleeding control and serum lipoproteins in women using contraceptive vaginal rings releasing five different progestins. AB - Ovarian function, bleeding patterns and serum lipoproteins were studied in women using contraceptive vaginal rings (CVRs) of dimethyl-polysiloxane impregnated with steroids. The different CVRs were used for about 10 cycles each. The following groups were studied, with the daily steroid dosage given in parentheses. Women using CVRs delivering levonorgestrel (290 micrograms), norethisterone (850 micrograms), medroxyprogesterone acetate (700 micrograms) or megestrol acetate (1.9 mg), all of which were in combination with estradiol (200 ug). Women using CVRs delivering progesterone (5.2 mg). Women taking megestrol acetate orally (15 mg/day) for three weeks. In all women except those using the levonorgestrel CVR, there were indications of incomplete suppression of ovarian activity as shown by elevated levels of progesterone and/or estradiol peaks. Bleeding control seemed to be good with the levonorgestrel CVR and rather poor with the others. Levonorgestrel treatment was associated with a decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (32%) and triglycerides (25%) and a 16% decrease in apolipoprotein A-I. Norethisterone induced a 10% decrease in A-I and a reduction of cholesterol in very low density lipoprotein. All other lipid and apolipoprotein B, A-I and A-II values were unaltered with the administration of the CVRs and with oral megestrol acetate. Levonorgestrel was given in a higher dose than the other progestins, but the absence of effects of the high oral dose of megestrol acetate on the serum lipoproteins indicates that the progesterone derived progestins in adequate doses probably would not alter the lipoprotein metabolism. Higher doses of progestins are needed to achieve acceptable control of ovarian activity and bleeding patterns than seen with these CVRs. PMID- 6667622 TI - HPLC-RIA of a metabolite of norethindrone in human plasma, 17 alpha-ethinyl-5 beta-estrane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, following conjugate hydrolysis. AB - An HPLC-RIA method for the assay of a reduced metabolite of norethindrone, 17 alpha-ethinyl-5 beta-estrane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, is described. Conjugated metabolites were extracted from human plasma and subjected to hydrolysis prior to analysis. With a daily dose of 2 mg of norethindrone, the mean plasma level of the metabolite was 24.8 ng/ml with a range of 22.8 ng/ml to 33.9 ng/ml. PMID- 6667621 TI - Effect of laparoscopic sterilization and insertion of Multiload Cu 250 and Progestasert IUDs on serum ferritin levels. AB - Blood haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were measured at the initial visit and 12 months following sterilization and IUD insertion. Ferritin levels were unaltered in Progestasert users after 12 months but haemoglobin values increased though not significantly. Ferritin levels fell in Multiload Cu 250 users and in sterilized women; haemoglobin levels were also observed to fall but significantly only in the latter group. Iron-deficiency anaemia was prevalent at initial contact and there appeared to be an increased risk subsequently in Multiload Cu 250 users and in those who were sterilized. Screening and monitoring for anaemia is indicated. From the viewpoint of iron status, the Progestasert is preferable to the Multiload Cu 250 but it suffers the major disadvantages of needing frequent replacement and of causing menstrual disturbances which might compromise its acceptability. Menstrual blood loss studies may help explain why anaemia develops after sterilization. PMID- 6667623 TI - Effects of contraceptive vaginal ring treatment on vaginal bacteriology and cytology. AB - The presence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, yeasts and mycoplasma/ureaplasma was investigated in seventeen women before and after six months use of a contraceptive vaginal ring releasing levo-Norgestrel and estradiol and in 16 women using an oral contraceptive containing levo-Norgestrel and ethinylestradiol. Apart from an increase in yeasts in both groups, no significant changes in the vaginal bacteriology could be found. Vaginal smears were examined before and during treatment for up to two years in a group of 120 women participating in a clinical trial of the contraceptive vaginal ring. No changes in the squamous epithelium or cylinder cells were found. The amount of leucocytes increased in the smears. The results indicate that use of the contraceptive vaginal ring does not affect the bacterial ecology of the vagina. The increase in leucocytes indicates a weak inflammatory reaction which might explain the increase in vaginal discharge often observed by women using the contraceptive vaginal ring. PMID- 6667624 TI - Sterilization at the time of cesarean section: tubal ligation or hysterectomy? AB - The operative, postoperative and subsequent course of 86 patients who underwent cesarean hysterectomy (C.H.) during the years 1970-1979 are compared to an equal number of cesarean sections with tubal ligation (C.S.L.). Both groups are similar regarding age, gravidity, parity, number of living children and indications for abdominal delivery. Operative and postpartum complications of both groups were all minor, although significantly (p less than 0.05) more frequent in the C.S.L. group. More patients of the C.H. group required blood transfusions than the C.S.L. group (p less than 0.01). The mean period of hospitalization was similar in both groups. Two pregnancies occurred after tubal sterilization, a failure rate of 1:43. During the follow-up period, 49 surgical gynecological procedures were performed in the C.S.L. group compared to 1 in the C.H. group. Ten patients of the C.S.L. group subsequently underwent abdominal hysterectomy. Hysterectomy is the procedure of choice for permanent sterilization and prevention of many subsequent gynecological problems. Consideration must be given to coexisting gynecological conditions while considering sterilization at elective C.S. and C.H. should be offered to those patients. PMID- 6667625 TI - Immediate sequelae following tubal sterilization. A multicentre study of the ICMR Task Force on Female Sterilization. AB - A total of 32,177 female sterilizations performed by different surgical procedures under different time scales were studied with reference to the effectiveness of the procedure and immediate, short-term and long-term complications arising out of the procedure. The results of immediate sequelae only are being reported in this article. Laparoscopic technique was employed in 7.1% of cases, culdotomy in 6.9% and minilaparotomy/laparotomy in the remaining 86% of cases. The findings indicate that minilaparotomy performed in the postpartum period is most suitable and safe for Indian women under existing conditions. Complications including mortality were least when the operation was performed as a minilaparotomy in the early postpartum period. Visceral injuries were maximum with the laparoscopic technique (10.45/1000). Mortality of interval sterilization was higher than that of postpartum sterilization (6.19/10,000 Vs 0.7/10,000) but this rate is lower than the current maternal mortality of the country (41.76/10,000). In view of the results obtained, it appears that minilaparotomy will continue to be "the method" of choice on a mass scale. PMID- 6667626 TI - Computed tomography of renal mass lesions. AB - The use of C.T. scanning is an extremely useful tool in the assessment and evaluation of renal mass lesions. This is a noninvasive procedure that offers precise anatomic detail that may on occasion alleviate the need for further angiographic examinations. The need for close clinical correlation is absolutely essential. PMID- 6667627 TI - Plasma concentrations of salbutamol after an oral slow-release preparation. AB - Studies were carried out to investigate the plasma concentrations of salbutamol after administration of a slow-release formulation (8 mg) compared with those after 1 and after 2 standard 4 mg tablets. In the first study, 9 subjects received, at random, either the slow-release tablet or a single standard tablet. Blood samples were taken and histamine challenge tests were carried out before and at fixed time intervals after drug administration. The procedures were repeated after an interval of at least 5 days with the alternative treatment. In the second study, plasma concentrations were measured in 5 of the subjects before and after taking 2 standard 4 mg tablets. The results showed that there was slower attainment of peak plasma concentrations after the slow-release formulation compared to those after one 4 mg and two 4 mg standard tablets. In addition, the 8 mg slow-release formulation produced lower peak plasma concentrations than did two 4 mg standard tablets. Protection against a bronchoconstricting histamine challenge lasted at least twice as long after the slow-release compared with after a single 4 mg standard tablet. PMID- 6667628 TI - Comparison of the hypotensive effects of bendrofluazide, bumetanide and xipamide. AB - A randomized, triple crossover study was carried out in 24 elderly patients requiring chronic diuretic therapy to assess the different hypotensive effects of a fixed daily dose of 5 mg bendrofluazide, 1 mg bumetanide and 40 mg xipamide. Each treatment was given for 3 months. The results showed that no significant weight change took place during the study period. There was, however, a significant (p less than 0.001) decrease compared to baseline values both in systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the xipamide period and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.05) when taking bumetanide. Only minor side-effects were reported. PMID- 6667629 TI - A comparison of the efficacy and tolerance of an aqueous beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray with the conventional pressurized spray. AB - Forty-two subjects took part in a double-blind, double-dummy, parallel group study to compare the efficacy and tolerance of a nasal spray containing an aqueous suspension of beclomethasone dipropionate with the conventional pressurized spray in controlling the symptoms of seasonal rhinitis. Each patient received 100 micrograms beclomethasone dipropionate into each nostril twice daily for 14 days. Evaluation of daily symptom scores, and the physician's and subjects' assessment of treatment, demonstrated that both sprays were equally effective in alleviating symptoms and with a similar low incidence of side effects. The aqueous spray may be considered an effective alternative treatment in the management of seasonal rhinitis. PMID- 6667630 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies to the surface antigens of long-term cultivated smooth muscle vascular cells]. PMID- 6667631 TI - Absence of bundle structure in the neocortex of the reeler mouse at the embryonic stage. Studies by scanning electron microscopic fractography. AB - The reeler mutant mouse is characterized by a derangement of the cerebral cortical structure due to abnormalities during the migration step at the embryonic stage. We have analyzed both the control and reeler cerebral cortex by means of scanning electron microscopic fractography. In the control cerebral cortex, the bundle formation was composed of fine fibers on which the migrating neuroblasts were attached perpendicular to the pial surface, whereas no bundle formation was observed in the reeler; instead, there was a fine meshwork of fibers surrounding the neuroblasts. The possible role of bundle formation in the normal cerebral cortex and the correlation between the inability of cells to migrate and the absence of bundle formation in the reeler is discussed. PMID- 6667633 TI - [Systems theory and family therapy]. PMID- 6667632 TI - Proliferation rate of oligodendrocytes in culture can be influenced by extrinsic factors. AB - We investigated whether in cultures of mechanically dissociated brain cells from newborn mice the reduction of the number of oligodendrocytes influences their proliferation rate. 14-day-old cultures were subjected to complement-dependent anti-galactocerebroside (GC) antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic treatment completely destroyed oligodendrocytes. Thereafter, GC+ oligodendrocytes progressively reappeared. Their number was 20 and 66% compared to controls, 3 and 7 days after cytotoxicity, respectively. Proliferating oligodendrocytes were detected 3 and 7 days after cytotoxicity by combining the immunostaining for GC with 3H-thymidine autoradiography. The proliferation rate of oligodendrocytes in treated cultures was increased by 100 and 76% compared to controls, 3 and 7 days after cytotoxicity, respectively. These data suggest that the proliferation rate of oligodendrocytes can be influenced by extrinsic factors. PMID- 6667634 TI - [Cancer in Finland and Estonia]. PMID- 6667636 TI - [Treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca]. PMID- 6667635 TI - [Megacolon and pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 6667637 TI - Nutritional status, parasitic infections and health of road workers in 4 areas of Kenya: Part IV. West Pokot District--the semi-arid highlands. PMID- 6667638 TI - Sigmoid volvulus in Kenyatta National Hospital--1976-1980. PMID- 6667639 TI - The serum protein pattern during normal pregnancy in Nigerian women: 1. A preliminary study. PMID- 6667640 TI - Preliminary report on G6PD and sickling test in a malarial area: a concurrent study to malarial nephropathy. PMID- 6667641 TI - Typhoid in children in Kampala: a paper read at the Second Regional Paediatric Congress for Africa--Kaduna, Nigeria, 12-15 January, 1982. PMID- 6667642 TI - Clinical value of fibreoptic endoscopy in the diagnosis of gastric malignancy at Kenyatta National Hospital. PMID- 6667643 TI - The clinical significance of eosinophilia in rheumatoid arthritis in a tropical country. PMID- 6667644 TI - Acute renal failure in pregnancy in a Nigerian community. PMID- 6667645 TI - Involuntary movements after closed head injury: hypoxic hypothesis. PMID- 6667646 TI - Strangulation as a cause of Korsakoff psychosis. PMID- 6667647 TI - The rhythmicity of fetal breathing varies with behavioural state in the human fetus. AB - The rhythmicity of human fetal breathing movements was studied during two different behavioural states (1F and 2F, respectively), using real-time B-scan directed M-mode ultrasound recordings. The mean breath-to-breath interval durations and the standard deviations (SD), and the standard deviations of the interval differences (SDDSI) were calculated. The mean breath-to-breath interval duration was not significantly shorter during 1F than during 2F. SD and SDDSI, however, showed significantly lower values during 1F, demonstrating that the fetal breathing rhythm is more regular during state 1F than during state 2F epochs. Regular fetal breathing is thus a concomitant of state 1F. PMID- 6667648 TI - Vascular dynamics in the descending aorta of the human fetus in normal late pregnancy. AB - Fetal blood flow velocity and diameter changes in the lower thoracic part of the descending aorta were compared in twenty normal pregnancies between the gestational age of 30 and 41 weeks. The mean blood flow velocity remained constant throughout the study period whereas a significant increase in vessel diameter was observed. The significant increase in aortic stroke volume and blood flow was in correlation with this diameter change. PMID- 6667649 TI - Elevated immunoglobulin M levels in low birth-weight neonates with chronic respiratory insufficiency. AB - Ten babies weighing less than 1500 g at birth subsequently developed chronic respiratory insufficiency and bubbly appearance on chest X-ray during their infancy. The clinical diagnoses were compatible with Wilson-Mikity syndrome. They were compared with very low birth-weight infants who did not show these signs and symptoms. On the first day (mean) of life significantly high serum immunoglobulin M levels were found in the study group. The possibility exists that the chronic respiratory insufficiency seen in these very low birth-weight infants may have been caused by intrauterine infection. PMID- 6667650 TI - Maternal diseases, alcohol consumption and smoking during pregnancy associated with reduction limb defects. AB - To evaluate the association of acute and common chronic diseases, alcohol consumption and smoking during pregnancy with reduction limb defects (RLD) 453 cases of RLD from the Finnish Registry of Congenital Malformations were studied. RLD cases without additional malformations were analyzed separately. Statistical associations were observed with maternal influenza. Alcohol consumption, and smoking were likewise associated with the defects. Medication, fever and/or other factors may explain the association of RLD with influenza. The relation to smoking was not explained by alcohol consumption or mother's age, and these variables were independent of each other. PMID- 6667651 TI - Holoacardius: radiologic investigation. AB - A case of holoacardius is presented from a monozygotic twin pregnancy of 20 weeks, in which the other twin was normal. The classification is reviewed. While the physiology and anatomy of these malformations are known, the etiology remains obscure. Theories of etiology may be divided in two groups: that the primary deficiency is a failure of the parts to develop; and the belief that the acardius is due to an abnormal vascular communication with secondary atrophy of the formed parts. The abnormal twin in the case studied was diagnosed by ultrasound prenatally and investigated radiologically post-mortem. PMID- 6667652 TI - Double metabolic balances on low birthweight infants fed formulae of differing composition. AB - The comparative nutritional merits of two infant milk formulae, Ready-to-Feed Premium Babyfood (Cow and Gate Ltd.) and Prematalac (Cow and Gate Ltd.) were examined--Prematalac is modified in an attempt to meet the specific requirements of the low birthweight infant. Nine premature infants were enrolled for two metabolic balance periods in a cross-over experimental design. At the onset the infants were randomly allocated one of two milks. Various anthropometric data were collected at the start and end of each 4 day balance. All infants received more energy and protein per kg body weight per day on Prematalac compared with Premium. Incremental weight, though satisfactory for both milks over the balance periods, was greater when Prematalac was fed compared with Premium (mean and (range) 46 (25-93), 19 (9-44) g per day respectively). No differences were detected for gain in length between the two milks. Mean percent digestibility of energy intake was similar for both milks (92%). Infants retained more nitrogen when fed Prematalac compared with Premium (mean (+SD) 477 (59) and 299 (30) mg per kg per day respectively). Neither milk was considered ideal, and we conclude that standard formulae are unable to support the potential for gain in lean body tissue of the premature infant. PMID- 6667653 TI - Large-for-dates babies at the age of four years: health, handicap and developmental status. AB - 236 Average-for-dates (AFD) and 212 large-for-dates (LFD) children were personally examined at birth, and seen thereafter at regular intervals up to 4 yr, when a thorough assessment was made. No differences were found in the prevalence of handicap, health problems, speech and hearing defects, impaired vision or squint; and abnormalities of gross and fine-motor movements were equally low in both groups. At 4 yr the mean scores for five sectors of development were slightly higher in the LFD group, and the difference in total scores was significant; but when adjustment was made for sex and social class the difference became insignificant. Within group analyses of 16 variables and their effects on developmental scores showed no associations in either group according to maternal weight, height and siblings birthweight; hypertension, pre-eclampsia or bleeding during pregnancy; asphyxia or injury at birth. Within each group the net effect of eight factors was assessed; adjustment being made for the other seven variables. In the AFD group significant differences in total scores were found according to sex, social class, smoking, and method of infant feeding. In the LFD group social class and method of delivery made a significant contribution to total scores. PMID- 6667654 TI - [A research effort in the teaching-care dimension of nursing]. AB - The article seeks to demonstrate the importance of research in nursing by drawing attention to the resources available to the teacher, such as links to health services, the area of academic performance, the collaboration of students, financing, and others in the teaching-care framework. The new orientation of the curriculum of the Nursing School of the National University of Colombia (Bogota) places more emphasis on aspects of care-cure and prevention, and seeks through learning experiences to foster changes in the attitudes of students. This shift in the curriculum generated the need for a study among the students in the school to detect attitudes toward the aspects of care-cure and prevention, and, consequently, a questionnaire was designed to elicit attitudes that tend to determine positive and negative affect toward these aspects. The results show that 73.97% of nursing students are satisfied with the career they have chosen and have positive attitudes toward the aspects of care-cure and prevention. Nevertheless, there are some differences in relation to prevention, and it was found that third-year students have more positive attitudes than students at other levels. The results of the study are being used in an attempt to better adjust the curriculum to these circumstances and thus produce nursing personnel who are more in keeping with the country's health needs. PMID- 6667655 TI - [Optimized methods of measuring lysosomal hydrolase activity]. PMID- 6667656 TI - [Beta-glucuronidase in the lymphocytes in human ontogenetic development]. PMID- 6667657 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the liver and myocardium in relation to the time of death--experimental studies]. PMID- 6667659 TI - [Radioautographic study of regenerating skeletal muscle]. PMID- 6667658 TI - [Morphological characteristics of D-galactosamine hepatitis]. PMID- 6667660 TI - [Effect of the preparations lonetil and adepren on local cerebral blood flow]. PMID- 6667661 TI - [Quantitative studies of the strength of ABH antigens in acute leukemia patients]. PMID- 6667662 TI - [Changes in the postheparin plasma activity of lipoprotein lipase and liver triglyceride lipase in 2 age groups of rabbits]. PMID- 6667663 TI - [Effect of experimental hyperthyroidism on the catecholamine content of various internal organs in the rabbit]. PMID- 6667664 TI - [Effect of hyperthyroidism on the catecholamine content of internal organs of rabbits maintained on cholesterol-rich atherogenic diets]. PMID- 6667665 TI - [Urinary excretion of catecholamines and selected metabolic parameters in juvenile-onset diabetes]. PMID- 6667666 TI - Prolactinemia and sexual impotence: the effects of treatment with bromocriptine. PMID- 6667667 TI - [Various serum lipids and cholesterol lipoproteins in children with hypothyroidism treated with thyreoidin]. PMID- 6667668 TI - [Longitudinal studies on the physical development of children with simple obesity]. PMID- 6667669 TI - Behavior and epilepsy. Proceedings of a symposium presented at the Fifteenth Epilepsy International Symposium. PMID- 6667670 TI - The effects of inert gas narcosis on certain aspects of serial response time. PMID- 6667671 TI - The effect of bicycle crank-length variation upon power performance. PMID- 6667672 TI - Cognitive effects of passive smoking. PMID- 6667673 TI - Heart rate and spontaneous work-rest cycles during exposure to heat. PMID- 6667674 TI - Sequence-dependent structural variations in two right-handed alternating pyrimidine-purine DNA oligomers in solution determined by nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements. AB - A 500 MHz 1H-n.m.r. study on two right-handed self-complementary double-stranded alternating pyrimidine-purine oligodeoxyribonucleotides, 5'dCGTACG and 5'dACGCGCGT, is presented. Using the proton-proton nuclear Overhauser effect, proton resonances are assigned by a sequential method and a large number of interproton distances, both intra- and internucleotide, are determined (113 for 5'dCGTACG and 79 for 5'dACGCGCGT). The general procedure required to solve the three-dimensional solution structures of oligonucleotides from such distance data is outlined and applied to these two oligonucleotides. In the case of both oligonucleotides the overall solution structure is that of B DNA, namely a right handed helix with a helical rise of approximately 3.3 A, 10 bp per turn and the base pairs approximately perpendicular to the helix axis. In the case of 5'dCGTACG, subtle local structural variations associated with the pyrimidine and purine nucleotides are superimposed on the overall structure but the mononucleotide repeating unit is preserved. In contrast, 5'dACGCGCGT has a clear alternating structure with a dinucleotide repeat, alternation occurring in the local helical twist and the glycosidic bond, sugar pucker and phosphodiester backbone conformations. PMID- 6667675 TI - The glycosidic antigen recognised by a novel monoclonal antibody, 75.12, is developmentally regulated on mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - Monoclonal antibody 75.12 raised against the human ovarian teratocarcinoma cell line PA1 detects a 'Y' or iso-leb glycosidic structure. Using the 75.12 antibody we have established that the Y antigen is expressed on some but not all mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) lines. The Y or 75.12 antigen-positive EC cell lines F9 and PCC4 cease to express the antigen after differentiation induced with retinoic acid and this decreased expression parallels the morphological differentiation of the EC cells. These results support not only the idea that carbohydrate structures present on embryonic cells undergo marked alteration during differentiation, but also that established mouse EC cells may differ in their differentiation states. PMID- 6667676 TI - Gene conversion: point-mutation heterozygosities lower heteroduplex formation. AB - The effects of heterozygosity on meiotic gene conversion characteristics have been studied in the fungus Ascobolus immersus. The non-Mendelian segregation patterns of seven white ascospore mutants of the b2 gene were established in the presence or the absence of additional neighbouring allelic mutations. These correspond to nine different double mutants with wild-type or pseudo-wild-type phenotypes, constituted by two +1, -1 frameshift mutations of complementary phases. When heterozygous, these double point mutations decrease, by an average of one third, the gene conversion frequencies of the mutants located on their right, toward the low conversion end of the gene. The decrease corresponds either to a reduction in all classes of non-Mendelian segregation (6:2, 5:3 and aberrant 4:4 asci) or to a reduction restricted to the single class of aberrant 4:4 asci. These modifications are explained by changes in hybrid DNA parameter values: frequencies of formation and modalities of distribution (asymmetric versus symmetric ratio). Besides the nature of the non-homology, point mutation versus deletion, which leads to quantitative differential effects, the region where the non-homology is located within the gene also appears to play an important role. PMID- 6667678 TI - Cell surface glycolipids of transformed NIH 3T3 cells transfected with DNAs of human bladder and lung carcinomas. AB - Neutral glycolipids and gangliosides of NIH 3T3 cells oncogenically transformed by transfection of DNAs from human lung carcinoma (Lx-1) and human bladder carcinoma (Ej) have been investigated. The chemical quantity and the degree of cell surface exposure of gangliotriaosylceramide (Gg3) were greatly enhanced in NIH 3T3 cells transformed by transfection of DNAs of either Lx-1 or Ej carcinoma cells. An identical but more conspicuous change in cell surface exposure of Gg3 was observed in BALB/c 3T3 cells transformed by murine sarcoma virus Kirsten strain, but the same glycolipid was absent in the original Lx-1 or Ej human carcinomas. The mechanism that defines the chemical quantity and the organization of glycolipids is controlled by multiple factors. These include not only the quantity but also the organization of glycosyl transferases and hydrolases in membranes. This also involves membrane dynamics regulated through a cytoskeletal membrane conjunction which may determine the degree of glycolipid exposure at the cell surface. The similarity of the chemical and organizational change of a single glycolipid, Gg3, between 3T3 transformants by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus and those by transfection of human cancer DNAs may indicate a common biochemical basis triggered by activation of the oncogene. PMID- 6667677 TI - Localisation of the human N-ras oncogene to chromosome 1cen - p21 by in situ hybridisation. AB - The N-ras gene is a transforming gene isolated from a variety of human tumour cell lines and is a member of a family of related ras genes. Somatic cell hybrids have previously shown that the N-ras gene is located on chromosome 1. We have confirmed this localisation by in situ hybridisation to metaphase preparations of lymphocytes and localised the gene to the region 1cen - p21. A survey has found 47 reported cases of malignancy involving deletions in the short arm of chromosome 1. Fifteen of the 47 involved a deletion in this region. PMID- 6667680 TI - Comparison of latex agglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of acute Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. AB - The ability of latex agglutination (Slidex Pneumokit) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in body fluids was evaluated. The patients were classified as having proven Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, suspected Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, acute superinfection of chronic bronchitis or non-pneumococcal respiratory infection. Sixty-two non-pneumococcal meningitis patients were also included in the study. Latex agglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis tests were performed on serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid specimens when indicated and repeated each week until the patient was discharged. Latex agglutination was done on samples boiled for 10 min. In vitro sensitivity of counterimmuno-electrophoresis and latex agglutination were 10 and 1 ng/ml respectively for type three antigen. In pulmonary disease (proven and suspected Streptococcus pneumoniae infection) counterimmunoelectrophoresis and latex agglutination had a clinical sensitivity of 72.9 and 87.5% respectively, a specificity of 96.3 and 92.6%, a predictive value for a positive test of 97.2 and 95.4% and for a negative test of 66.6 and 80.6%. Latex agglutination may offer an alternative to counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the rapid diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections since it is easier to perform and gives a reliable result within 15 min. PMID- 6667679 TI - AIDS: African connection. PMID- 6667682 TI - The influence of metronidazole and its two main metabolites on murine in vitro lymphocyte transformation. AB - In a study of the immunomodulating properties of metronidazole and its two main metabolites, metronidazole and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl-2-hydroxymethyl)-5-nitro imidazole (hydroxy metabolite) were seen to enhance the phytohaemagglutinin-A stimulated mitogenic transformation of murine lymphocytes. The stimulation was observed at suboptimal phytohaemagglutinin concentrations. The lymphocyte transformation was suppressed by 1-acetic acid-2-methyl-5-metronidazole (acid metabolite). The enhancement by metronidazole and its hydroxy metabolite was observed at concentrations corresponding to human serum levels following a normal dosage of metronidazole. Considering the normal serum concentrations of the three substances, the stimulating effect of the hydroxy metabolite may be at least as important as that of metronidazole itself. PMID- 6667681 TI - Treatment of gram-negative bacillary septicemia with cefoperazone. AB - Cefoperazone, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, was administered by continuous infusion or intermittent injection to 20 and 25 patients respectively with gram negative bacillary septicemia most of whom had severe underlying disease. No difference was observed in the clinical response of the two groups. The overall rate of favourable response was 76%. Of the 40 non-neutropenic patients treated three died of infection despite sensitivity of the organism, three improved temporarily and three died as the result of superinfection. Three of the five neutropenic patients treated failed to respond to cefoperazone therapy, despite adequate serum bactericidal activity. Tolerance to cefoperazone was satisfactory. Emergence of cefoperazone-resistant strains leading to relapse or superinfection was not a major cause of failure. PMID- 6667683 TI - Adhesion of Proteus species to various cell types. AB - Pathogenic and saprophytic Proteus strains from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections and healthy adults respectively were evaluated with regard to their ability to adhere in vitro to homologous cells (uroepithelial cells from urinary sediment and cultured WISH cells) and heterologous cells (RK 13 and MDCK cells). The effect on attachment of pretreating bacteria with subinhibitory concentrations of piperacillin and sagamicin was also determined for one sensitive and one resistant strain. Fifty percent of the pathogenic Proteus strains demonstrated good adherence to human urinary epithelial cells, whereas saprophytic strains did not adhere. There was a lower rate of attachment to culture cells. Piperacillin and sagamicin in subinhibitory concentrations caused a decrease in the attachment of the sensitive Proteus strain. PMID- 6667685 TI - Ability of a Staphylococcus aureus isolate from a chronic osteomyelitic lesion to survive in the absence of air. PMID- 6667684 TI - Waterborne outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis. AB - A report is given on an outbreak of enteritis which occurred in July 1982 in a kibbutz near Jerusalem. About 150 of the 512 inhabitants were affected. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from ten out of 42 stool samples examined toward the end of the outbreak. No other enteric pathogen was found. Strong circumstantial evidence indicated an association between the outbreak and the use of water from an unprotected reservoir, but no bacteriological confirmation was obtained. PMID- 6667686 TI - Antibiotic associated diarrhoea probably related to rifampicin. PMID- 6667687 TI - Effect of gentamicin on abscesses caused by Bacteroides species. PMID- 6667688 TI - Effect of high doses of cefoperazone on stool flora. PMID- 6667689 TI - Enzymatic methylation of inverted DNA repeats in the vicinity of the mouse beta major globin gene. AB - This paper examines the extent of enzymatic methylation in 5'-CCGG sequences of inverted repeats in DNA isolated from adult liver and bone marrow of DBA/2 mice, with special attention to the methylation of such sequences in the vicinity of the beta-major globin gene. Two thirds of inverted repeats contain 5'-AGCT and 5' CCGG sequences, as found by a method based on the capability of inverted repeats of forming intramolecular duplexes under the conditions of "zero-time" reassociation. Methylation in internal cytosines of 5'-CCGG sequences of inverted DNA repeats differs between bone marrow and liver tissues. The beta-major globin gene was found in DNA covalently linked to inverted repeats. The enzymatic methylation of inverted repeats neighbouring the beta-major globin gene differs at HpaII recognition sites; the DNA of bone marrow tissue, in which this gene is expressed, is less methylated at such sites as compared to liver DNA. PMID- 6667690 TI - Electron microscopic study of eukaryotic 40S initiation complex in protein synthesis. AB - This electron microscopic study demonstrates that formation of a functional eukaryotic 40S initiation complex is accompanied by conformational changes which obscure the characteristic structural features of the 40S ribosomal subunits and of the initiation factor eIF-3, the only macromolecular components of the complex individually resolvable by conventional high resolution electron microscopy. The complex, characterized by a sedimentation coefficient of 46S, appears as a globular particle with a diameter of about 280 A and several characteristic protrusions and incisions. Similar structures were obtained with [40S X eIF-3] initiation complexes formed by interaction of eIF-3 from rabbit reticulocytes with 40S ribosomal subunits from either A. salina cysts or mouse liver. Incubation of eIF-3 with prokaryotic 30S subunits from E. coli produced no [30S X eIF-3] structures. The binding of eIF-3 to 40S subunits is weak, and both the [40S X eIF-3] and the complete 40S initiation complexes have to be stabilized by glutaraldehyde fixation. The extensive conformational changes associated with the complex formation preclude direct electron microscopic localization of eIF-3, a globular protein approximately 100 A in diameter, in the initiation domain of the 40S subunit. PMID- 6667691 TI - The 22 S cylinder particles of Xenopus laevis. I. Biochemical and electron microscopic characterization. AB - Supernatant fractions obtained after high speed centrifugation (1 h at 100 000 X g) of homogenates from whole ovaries, oocytes as well as from separated nuclei and ooplasms of Xenopus laevis contain distinct 22 S particles which have been purified and characterized by sucrose gradient centrifugation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). The purity of the particle fraction has been assessed by electron microscopy as well as one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The particles appear as hollow cylinders of 10 nm outer diameter and 16 nm length, showing a composition of four stacked annuli which often reveal 6 symmetrically distributed granular subunits of approximately 3 nm diameter. Biochemically the particles are characterized by a group of 12 polypeptides with Mr values from 22 000 to 30 000 which in urea-denatured state markedly differ in their isoelectric values, ranging from pH 5.4 to ca. 8.2. Tryptic peptide mapping has demonstrated that all 12 major polypeptides are different. No evidence for association with nucleic acids has been found. The particles are very stable and resist treatments with low and high salt buffers, chelating agents, various non-denaturing detergents, and 3 M urea. They occur in relatively high concentrations both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Structurally and compositionally identical cylinder particles have also been found in cultures of kidney epithelial cells of Xenopus and in human carcinoma (HeLa) cells, indicating that this is a rather widespread component of diverse cell types and species. The significance of this particle and its relationship to morphologically similar particles described in the literature is discussed. PMID- 6667692 TI - The 22 S cylinder particles of Xenopus laevis. II. Immunological characterization and localization of their proteins in tissues and cultured cells. AB - Cylinder-shaped particles of 10 nm diameter were isolated from nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes and purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation and DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. Antibodies to protein constituents of these isolated particles were elicited in guinea pigs and examined by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation techniques as well as by immunofluorescence microscopy. The antibodies reacted with only two out of the 12 constituent polypeptides characteristic for these particles when examined in the denatured state by the immunoblotting technique, including the largest component of Mr 30 000, but were able to precipitate the whole ensemble of these polypeptides in immunoprecipitation experiments, in agreement with the notion that these proteins form the 22 S particle complex. The antibodies displayed a rather narrow range of interspecies cross-reactivity, showing reaction with cells of other amphibia but not with avian and mammalian cells. In oocytes as well as in transcriptionally active somatic cells the antigen was localized in the nucleoplasm, excluding nucleoli, as well as in the cytoplasm, usually suggesting a higher concentration in the nucleoplasm. During mitosis, the proteins were dispersed throughout the cytoplasm whereas the chromosomes were negative. Inactive cells such as mature erythrocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa were negative. These immunolocalization findings support our conclusion based on fractionation studies that the cylindershaped particles and their protein constituents occur both in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of a broad range of cell types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6667693 TI - An electron-microscope autoradiographic study of transferrin endocytosis by immature erythroid cells. AB - The receptor-mediated endocytosis of 125I-transferrin by immature erythroid cells was studied using the technique of quantitative electron microscope autoradiography. Morphometric analysis of the grain distribution in erythroid cells from the foetal rat liver revealed that the 125I-transferrin radioactivity was localized mainly to intracellular vesicles (61%) and the cell membrane (25%) after 20 min incubation at 37 degrees C. No activity was found associated with the nucleus or mitochondria and only a small amount with the cytosol (13%). In erythroid cells which possessed a prominent Golgi complex, most of the autoradiographic grains were associated with vesicles located in this region, giving rise to a polar distribution of the 125I-transferrin. Uptake of transferrin was found to be maximal at the basophilic normoblast stage of development and then declined progressively during maturation to the reticulocyte. The kinetics of endocytosis of 125I-transferrin by rabbit reticulocytes was also studied by electron microscope autoradiography. Up to 30% of the cell-bound transferrin was internalized almost immediately upon incubation at 37 degrees C. After 30 sec incubation, 42% of the cell-bound 125I-transferrin was estimated to be internal and this rose to almost 70% at steady state between the binding and release of transferrin after 12 min incubation. PMID- 6667694 TI - Morphology and movement of cellulose synthesizing (terminal) complexes in Oocystis solitaria: evidence that microfibril assembly is the motive force. PMID- 6667695 TI - Membrane events in adrenal chromaffin cells during exocytosis: a freeze-etching analysis after rapid cryofixation. AB - Catecholamine-storing chromaffin cells, isolated from bovine adrenal medullae by collagenase digestion, were stimulated with carbachol at 37 degrees C; aliquots for controls were kept at 37 degrees C: Starting from this temperature, cells were ultrarapidly frozen with the use of a sandwich-propane-jet procedure and freeze-fractured. The replicas were analysed quantitatively for exocytotic activity: After stimulation the cell membrane displayed a significant increase of exo-endocytotic openings varying in size from 20 to 300 nm. The number of openings increased in parallel to the catecholamine output. At no stage could a clearing of membrane-intercalated particles (MIPs) be observed. Openings of all size classes were etchable. Results from the PF-face were comparable with those of the EF-face. We conclude that (i) exocytosis in isolated chromaffin cells starts as a focal event; the smallest possible stages are about 10 nm in size, (ii) fusion proceeds without previous rearrangement of MIPs, and (iii) the opening starts without formation of a diaphragm. PMID- 6667696 TI - Effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the digestive-lysosomal system in Paramecium caudatum. AB - The effects of DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) on cell growth and on the digestive lysosomal system of axenically grown Paramecium caudatum were studied. A general protocol of exposing cells to different concentrations of DMSO at the beginning of each of the four processes in the digestive cycle enabled us to analyze the effect of DMSO at each step. Vacuole formation and the beginning of a digestive cycle were initiated by adding latex beads to the cells. Maximum cell densities at stationary phase of growth were found to be inversely proportional to DMSO between 0.5 and 1.75%, and the duration of the generation time was exponentially proportional. At 2% DMSO cellular division was completely blocked, and above 2% it was cytotoxic. P. caudatum survived for 8 h in 4% DMSO and died instantaneously in 10%. This inhibitory effect on growth was reversible, though this reversibility might depend on the duration and level of DMSO exposure. DMSO exerted a dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effect on the rate of DV formation but had little effect on the acidification-condensation and the lysosome fusion digestion processes. The size of the DV formed was also reduced, and this effect was dose-but not time-dependent; vacuole size reduction occurred immediately with DMSO exposure, and no further reduction was observed during exposures of up to 24 h. DMSO at 3 and 4% inhibited vacuole defecation, but the cells could overcome this inhibition when exposed to DMSO for longer periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6667697 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of rapid plasma membrane growth in mitotic neuroblastoma cells. AB - In murine C1300 neuroblastoma cells, clone Neuro 2A, the major fraction of the necessary increase in cell surface area during the cell cycle occurs within a short period around mitosis. During this period cell cycle-related modulations in a number of structural, dynamic and transport properties are most prominent. In this study we have examined the mechanism of rapid plasma membrane growth during mitosis, and the resulting changes in the ultrastructural features of the plasma membrane, by scanning and freeze-fracture electron microscopy as well as by electron microscopy of ultrathin sections. Our observations show that plasma membrane growth occurs by the fusion with and the incorporation into the plasma membrane of cytoplasmic multilamellar, lipidic membrane vesicles. Such vesicles are not observed at other times in the cell cycle. As a consequence, IMP-free domains appear transiently in the mitotic and early post-mitotic plasma membrane. Comparison of replicas prepared from glutaraldehyde-fixed cells and unfixed, ultrarapidly frozen cells showed that aldehyde fixation artefactually induces a bleb-like appearance of these domains. The IMP-free domains disappear in the G1 phase as a result of the mobilization and lateral redistribution of membrane components. It is argued that mitotic membrane growth by preferential incorporation of membrane lipids not only serves to accomodate for the necessary increase in cell surface area, but also provides a mechanism for plasma membrane mediated regulation of the cell cycle. PMID- 6667698 TI - Tumor promoter-induced centrosome splitting in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Human neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) adhering to a substratum undergo a dramatic change in cellular morphology when treated with the tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Within a few minutes of TPA treatment, the cells cease locomotion and spread symmetrically on the substratum. Concomitantly, TPA initiates centrosome splitting in a manner similar to that induced by treatment of randomly locomoting cells with a chemotactic factor. The two centrioles of a centrosome separate by a distance of several micrometers, and each of the solitary centrioles is surrounded by an aster of microtubules. Some cells also establish a third, centriole-free aster of microtubules. TPA treatment increases the total number of microtubules associated with the centrosome(s) and also increases overall polymer length. The frequency of centrosome splitting is enhanced transiently by treatment with the synthetic chemotactic peptide f-Met-Leu-Phe. Centrosome splitting is interpreted in terms of an interaction between the cell periphery and the microtubule system. Possible cellular mechanisms of this unusual phenomenon are considered. PMID- 6667699 TI - Conjugation and meiosis of Paramecium caudatum infected with the micronucleus specific bacterium Holospora elegans. AB - Cells of two complementary mating types of Paramecium caudatum, syngen 3, are infected with the micronucleus-specific bacterium Holospora elegans. Cells with bacteria in their micronuclei show the mating reaction with agglutination and pair formation. All the stages of meiosis in this species are observed and pronuclei are formed. During the pregamic divisions the bacteria are distributed to the division products, but many of the bacteria remain within the separation spindles, later being released into the medium. Therefore, the pronuclei contain only a few or no bacteria. In a test of the viability of exconjugant clones CNR mutant (a behavioral mutant) and wild type cells, both infected with H. elegans, are crossed. The survival of exconjugants is very low (10.6% compared to 57.3% in the control). After conjugation only parental types are found indicating the occurrence of macronuclear regeneration after conjugation. The same result is obtained with cells which had contained bacteria but were cured by means of antibiotics. It is concluded that infected micronuclei have become genetically defective and did not give rise of new functional macronuclei. Therefore, H. elegans-bearing paramecia are genetically dead, which shows the parasitic nature of the bacterium H. elegans. PMID- 6667700 TI - Association between cytoskeletal microtubules and Ca2+-sequestering smooth ER in Semper cells of fly ommatidia. AB - The Semper cells in the ommatidia of the blowfly contain an impressive cytoskeleton consisting of hundreds of microtubules. The microtubules are intimately interwoven by an extensive system of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The cells were permeabilized by saponin treatment, subsequently incubated in a loading medium containing 8.5 X 10(-7) M free Ca2+, MgATP and oxalate, and then processed for electron microscopy. As a result, microtubule associated SER elements and the nuclear envelope are heavily loaded with electron opaque Ca oxalate deposits. Precipitate formation is ATP dependent. This experiment indicates that the microtubule associated SER can actively accumulate Ca2+ ions. The Ca pump exhibits a high affinity for Ca2+ ions. The SER may help to keep the cytosolic free Ca2+ in the submicromolar concentration range, in this way stabilizing the microtubules in the polymerized state. PMID- 6667701 TI - Albumin localization in rat liver parenchymal cells. AB - In this study, we re-investigated the localization of albumin in hepatocytes using immunocytochemistry (ICC) on ultrathin cryo-sections of rat livers, which were immersion or perfusion-fixed with paraformaldehyde or a mixture of paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. The sections were indirectly labelled with rhodamine-conjugated IgG or with 8 nm protein A-colloidal gold particles. We demonstrate that perfusion-fixation is obligatory for a proper localization of albumin. After perfusion fixation, all hepatocytes of fed and fasted rats were uniformly labelled. At the subcellular level albumin was localized in hepatocytes in the membrane-bound compartments of the entire secretory pathway, i.e. the rough and smooth ER, peripheral Golgi vesicles, all Golgi cisternae and the secretory granules. Concentration of albumin appeared mainly to occur at the cis Golgi side. PMID- 6667702 TI - Bioprostheses: thromboembolic events in prosthetic valves. Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology on the Evaluation of Prosthetic Valves. 15-16 December, 1983, Paris, France. Abstracts. PMID- 6667703 TI - Evaluation of 99mTc-dichloro bis (1,2-dimethylphosphino) ethane (99mTc-DMPE) for myocardial scintigraphy in man. AB - 99mTc-DMPE was used for myocardial scintigraphy in ten patients with coronary artery disease. As in 201T1 studies regional activity of 99mTc-DMPE was reduced in infarcted myocardium. However, activity accumulation of 99mTc-DMPE in the heart was faint, while that in the liver was prominent. The activity ratio of heart to liver improved with time, whereas that of heart to lung decreased. The scintigraphic quality was considerably worse in 99mTc-DMPE studies than in those with 201Tl, due to high background activity. Also the visualization of the ribs and sternum interfered with the interpretation of the scintigrams. From these results it appears that 201Tl remains still the agent of choice for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. PMID- 6667704 TI - Post-operative diagnosis and therapy of thyroid carcinoma by nuclear medicine. PMID- 6667706 TI - Toward the behavioral assessment of biological aging in the laboratory mouse: concepts, terminology, and objectives. AB - The thesis is presented that much of the controversy and confusion concerning the measurement of biological aging stems from the lack of agreement on clearly defined objectives, constructs, and methods to validate measures. To alleviate some of the confusion, basic terminology borrowed from psychometrics is offered to provide a conceptual framework within which such issues can be discussed. This psychometric nomenclature is subsequently applied to the development and evaluation of a test battery designed to assess biological aging in laboratory mice at a behavioral level of analysis. Reference is made to the assessment of reliability, content validity, construct validity, and predictive validity of tests of biological aging. PMID- 6667705 TI - Diagnosis by ultrasonography and isotopic phlebography of a malformation of the inferior vena cava: proximal transposition with anterior crossing over the aorta. AB - A case of a previously undescribed malformation of the inferior vena cava is reported: there was distal normoposition and proximal transposition, with anterior crossing over the aorta; the right renal vein flowed into the inferior vena cava located on the left, after crossing over the anterior face of the aorta. This anomaly was shown by echography and isotopic phlebography. PMID- 6667707 TI - The assessment of biological age and sex differences of human aging. AB - Biological age can be assessed by means of clinical parameters. Some parameters are more suitable than others; criteria for a rational selection of such parameters are discussed in detail. The main tool used in this essay is multiple linear regression. The data reveal a characteristic sex difference in human and, presumably, mammalian aging. PMID- 6667708 TI - Physiological assays for biological age in mice: relationship of collagen, renal function, and longevity. AB - Tests of physiological changes with age are illustrated by collagen denaturation times of tail tendon fibers, and urine concentrating abilities; the tests are evaluated using the following four criteria: change with age, repeatability, relationship to other assays, and relationship to longevity. These tests usually showed highly significant changes with age when mice of different ages were compared for nine mouse genotypes, however neither appeared to be related to subsequent longevities of individual mice. When average values for eleven mouse genotypes were compared, the mean longevities of the genotypes were not significantly correlated with their mean collagen denaturation times or mean renal concentrating abilities, testes at two different ages. The relationships between all three factors--collagen denaturation times, urine concentrating abilities, and longevities--were tested in the same individuals for mice of six different genotypes at 600-700 days of age. Only one marginally significant correlation appeared out of 21 tested; this probably occurred by chance. We conclude that tail tendon collagen denaturation times and urine concentrating abilities change with age independently of each other; furthermore, these changes are unrelated to subsequent longevities, at least when linear relationships are tested. These data suggest that aging is timed by more than one mechanism and demonstrate that strong correlations with chronological age do not necessarily indicate that independent tests will be correlated with longevity or with each other. PMID- 6667709 TI - Visual manifestations of biological aging. AB - Changes in the peripheral visual system with age are candidates for inclusion in an index of biological aging. Accommodative amplitude and pupil diameter seem particularly promising candidates. Their advantages and limitations are considered, as are those of behavioral measures of other visual functions. PMID- 6667710 TI - Proanaphylactic action of morphine is mediated through a central cholinergic mechanism. AB - Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or intravenous (i.v.) administration of morphine (10 micrograms or 25 mg/kg, respectively) increased the mortality rate in experimental anaphylaxis in mice. This effect was blocked by the opiate antagonist naltrexone administered systemically (5 mg/kg) or i.c.v. (10 micrograms). Moreover, the effect of morphine was blocked by i.c.v. administration of the muscarine antagonist methyl atropine (10 micrograms). The systemic administration of 5 mg/kg methyl atropine was ineffective in blocking the action of morphine. The results suggest that the proanaphylactic effect of morphine involves activation of cholinergic mechanisms in the central nervous system. PMID- 6667712 TI - Decrease in [3H]cocaine binding to the dopamine transporter in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6667711 TI - RCS from human platelets: is it only thromboxane? AB - To determine if inhibition of a rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS) corresponds to inhibition of thromboxane synthetase human washed platelets were stimulated with thrombin. RCS formation was bioassayed on rabbit aorta strips in Tyrode solution containing selective blocking agents and thromboxane (TX)B2 in the same probes by specific radioimmunoassay. Dazoxiben inhibited the formation of TXB2 but not of RCS, whereas indomethacin inhibited both RCS and TX formation. The data indicate that the rabbit aorta cannot be used alone to predict inhibition of TX formation with specific TX synthetase inhibitors. PMID- 6667713 TI - Morphine inhibits depolarization-dependent calcium uptake by synaptosomes. PMID- 6667714 TI - Characterization of [3H]tryptamine binding sites in brain. AB - [3H]Tryptamine binds with high affinity to sites on rat brain membranes. The sites have the characteristics of tryptamine receptor recognition sites. These sites are widely distributed among rat brain regions with the highest density occurring in the cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus. The site is also found in human cerebral cortex. The binding site is localized mainly to the synaptosomal fraction. Drug competition studies indicate that the [3H]tryptamine binding site is distinct from serotonin receptors. Drugs that are potent inhibitors of [3H]tryptamine binding include tetrahydro-beta-carboline, quipazine, phenylethylamine, amphetamine, p-chloroamphetamine and methamphetamine. PMID- 6667715 TI - Effects of neonatal dysthyroidism on serotonin type 1 and type 2 receptors in rat brain. AB - Long-Evans, male and female rats born of mothers kept on an iodide-rich diet prior to delivery and during lactation, were fed this diet after weaning, thus becoming slightly hypothyroid. A more severe hypothyroidism was also provoked with the chronic administration of methimazole to Long-Evans iodide-supplemented, or Charles River iodine-deprived pups through the first month of age. Additional Long-Evans rats were made hyperthyroid with a daily injection of triiodothyronine (T3) through the first 29 days of age. Severe hypothyroidism in both strains of rats markedly increased the density of serotonin type 1 (5-HT1) and type 2 (5 HT2) receptors in the brain (less cerebellum, corpus striatum and olfactory bulbs) at 31-32 days of age. Receptor alterations were not correlated to either the rise in thyrotropin (TSH) levels in hypothyroidism or the direct influence of residual methimazole after the last treatment, or to neonatal malnutrition. This increase in 5-HT receptor density might represent an adaptive (supersensitivity) postsynaptic response to the state of central serotonergic hypofunction occurring in hypothyroidism. Though receptor alterations might be important, their precise functional role in the etiogenesis of hypothyroid-associated mental disturbances is difficult to ascertain. PMID- 6667716 TI - The skin temperature gradient in the upper limbs of old women. AB - In the upper limbs of 103 convalescent old women, there was a fall of skin temperature between axilla and thumbs equal to 4.8 degrees C. Variations in temperature became wider from proximal to distal sites, being 3.2 degrees in the right axilla and 3.4 degrees C in the left; compared with 14.0 degrees in the right thumb and 13.6 degrees C in the left. Skin temperature could be correlated with circumambient air, but not with age. PMID- 6667717 TI - Age-synchronous culture of Caenorhabditis elegans: technique and applications. AB - The inclusion of mobility to an age synchrony method and the development of an inexpensive filter device resulted in a natural model aging system without resorting to invasive chemical techniques. Large or small cohorts of nematodes with less than 1% offspring contamination are possible. The filter/mobility method is compared to other methods using the same strain and culture temperature. The applicability of the method is shown with a variety of parameters, and a previously reported parameter of aging in nematodes, i.e., specific gravity, is shown not to be an aging parameter of Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 6667718 TI - Iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation in aging C57BL/6J mice. AB - Total iron concentrations in organs from C57BL/6J male mice increased with age. In animals ranging 45 to 900 days of age liver iron increased by 216%, heart by 66%, kidney by 54% and brain by 27%. Two separate phases of iron accumulation were found in brain, kidney and liver. Between 45-355 days of age brain iron increased by 33% and after 355 days there was no change. For both kidney and liver no change was found until after 355 days of age when liver increased by 140% and kidney by 44%. The kidney and liver results suggest a true aging phenomenon. Liver peroxidation potential as measured by the thiobarbituric acid test tended to increase with age but the differences were not significant. The addition of metal ion chelators greatly reduced lipid peroxide values for all organs but no significant age-related trend was evident. We conclude that the large aging-related increases in tissue iron are not correlated with increased concentrations of lipid peroxides. PMID- 6667719 TI - Increased intestinal absorption of oleic acid with aging in the rat. AB - Changes in nutrient absorption could be responsible for some of the disorders associated with aging. Oleic acid is the most common dietary fatty acid. Therefore, we investigated its absorption by the small intestine of aging rats in vivo. We used a single pass intestinal perfusion technique to study absorption in animals between 6 and 138 weeks of age. Rats less than 70 weeks of age absorbed 14,000 to 15,000 nmol of oleic acid per 100 cm/hr. In contrast, rats 94 weeks of age or older, absorbed 22,000 to 23,000 nmol of oleic acid per 100cm/hr. The 61% increase in oleic acid absorption as the rats aged correlated with a decrease in the resistance of the unstirred water layer from 0.8 to 0.5 min/cm3/100cm. Concomitantly, the surface area of the unstirred water layer increased from 97.1 to 141.2 cm2/100cm. The changes in unstirred water layer resistance and surface area explain the observed increase in absorption of oleic acid with aging. The increased surface area and decreased resistance of the unstirred water layer are both conducive to increased intestinal absorption of this lipid nutrient as the animals aged. PMID- 6667721 TI - The significance of facial skin temperature differences in an elderly female chronic mental hospital population. PMID- 6667720 TI - Tissue-specificity of reactivity to concanavalin-A of human cells in culture. AB - Concanavalin-A (Con-A) reactivity was studied to identify the tissue-specificity of cells established from various normal human tissues. Cells were treated with Con-A-labelled human red blood cells (C-RBC). C-RBC was not absorbed on the cells derived from the bone marrow, skin and liver. Lung-derived fibroblast cells showed weak C-RBC adsorption. Kidney-derived cells showed epithelial morphology and easily adsorbed C-RBC. These suggest that a large number of Con-A receptors exists on the membrane surface of kidney cells. PMID- 6667722 TI - The effect of aging on vasopressin system in Fisher 344 rats. AB - Vasopressin (VP) was measured by RIA in the plasma, neurohypophysis (NH) and hypothalamus (HT) of young (2 months), adult (12 months) and old (30 months) male Fisher 344 rats, ten of each age. Plasma VP concentration was significantly lower in old compared to adult and to young rats. VP content in the NH expressed per mg weight was similar in all three groups, while the hypothalamic VP content was decreased in the aged rats. This suggests that reduced synthesis and release and/or increased degradation of VP occurs in aged rats. These data are in an agreement with our previous results obtained with Sprague-Dawley rats indicating that these differences are not strain-related. In a pilot experiment, we further studied VP release from isolated perifused NH of young and old rats. Two glands of each age were simultaneously perifused in individual microchambers with medium TC 199 and subsequently stimulated by Locke's medium containing 56 mM K+. Both, the initial and the basal VP release from the NH of the old rats, as well as the response to high K+, were about a half that of the young rats. Thus, a decreased VP release may contribute to the findings of lower plasma VP concentration in aged rats. PMID- 6667723 TI - No male-female difference in vitro lifespan of skin fibroblasts from humans and mice. AB - To determine if the difference in mean survival time of males and females is related to the mechanism restricting the number of in vitro cell doublings, we established cultures of human skin fibroblasts and murine embryo cells. The maximum number of in vitro doublings was found to be very similar for the two sexes in both species. Furthermore, human cultures receiving repeated treatments with three alkylating carcinogens had the same in vivo survival as untreated controls. PMID- 6667724 TI - A comparison of life span characteristics in Drosophila. AB - A comparison of life span characteristics in 12 Drosophila species representing different degrees of phylogenetic relatedness and various ecological backgrounds was undertaken. Survival curve, LT50, LT100, range and mortality rate were compared at three different levels: intraspecific (male-female); interspecific (within species group triads); intergroup (among species group triads). Data indicate that when differences are found within species groups, there is greater similarity between more closely related taxa. At all levels of comparisons, differences cannot be used to predict from one characteristic to another or from one sex to the other. The influence of both phylogenetic and ecological factors on patterns of results are evaluated, as well as the suggestion that at least two different mechanisms of aging may exist in the genus Drosophila. The observed diversity in life span characteristics among Drosophila species groups and similarity within species groups, demonstrate the value of a comparative approach for studying aging. PMID- 6667725 TI - Shortening of the in vitro lifespan of human diploid fibroblasts exposed to hyperbaric oxygen. AB - Serially cultivated WI-38 cells were exposed to 50 atm of oxygen for one hour at each passage after they reached 31 population doublings (PDs). They phased out at 51 PDs while the untreated and nitrogen-exposed cells at 56 PDs. The early passage cells were found to be resistant to 50 atm of oxygen. The in vitro lifespan of WI-38 cells remained unchanged on less than eight exposures given before 46 PDs, and shortened in proportion to the number of extra exposures given after 46 PDs in addition to the seven exposures. For TIG-1 cells treated doubly with oxygen at late passages, modal cell volume began to increase at 54 PDs, and for the nitrogen-treated cells at 59 PDs. The in vitro aging of late-passage human cells exposed to hyperbaric oxygen seems to be accelerated. PMID- 6667726 TI - Decreasing leukemia risk in old AKR mice. AB - Leukemia incidence and survivorship were studied in 480 untreated adult female AKR mice using repeated blood testing on live animals and autopsy for diagnosis. The data were statistically analysed within the framework of a Markov illness death model. The leukemia risk was close to zero below an age of four-five months, increased sharply to a maximum at eight-nine months, and then declined markedly. Old AKR mice therefore should be useful for studies of age dependent alterations that reduce the risk of leukemia development. The observed age dependence of the leukemia risk is at variance with the simplest version of the multistep hypothesis. Allowing for individual tendencies for leukemia development, good correlation between expected and observed values can be obtained. PMID- 6667727 TI - Age-related functional alteration of mouse liver ribosomes. AB - The in vitro functional capacity of the mouse liver protein synthesis machinery was studied as a function of age. Polysomes from young (one-three months old) and old (18-24 months old) C57BL/6J mice were incubated under standard conditions in a ribosome-free reticulocyte lysate containing [3H]-leucine. The incorporation of radioactivity into hot TCA-insoluble material was measured as a function of time and kinetic curves were compared. A drastic age-related decrease in the initial rate of leucine incorporation was observed when the total ribosomal fraction (containing the whole range of ribosomal aggregates including subunits and single ribosomes) was assayed. When "heavy polysomes" (fractions from which subunits and single ribosomes had been excluded) were compared, the same difference was observed. This latter result indicated that the observed alteration may be attributed to actively translating ribosomes. Results from experiments using inhibitors of initiation suggest that the observed age-related alteration can be attributed to a reduced capacity of ribosomes from older animals to sustain reinitiation. PMID- 6667729 TI - Lifespan and protein synthesis in several Bombyx mori mutants with genetic abnormalities in amino acid and protein metabolism. AB - Three kinds of "white eggs" and red-blooded Bombyx mutants (W1, W2, W3 and rb) which lack enzymes in tryptophan metabolism showed almost no difference in their lifespans from that of normal stock. However, other Bombyx mutants, such as Nd, Nd-s and DES-Nd, unable to synthesize fibroin, had shorter lifespans than normal. Among these fibroin-deficient mutants, only the lifespan of DES-Nd was similar to the normal. However, further analysis of the amino acid composition in the cocoon of the mutant showed that its lifespan was also dependent on its ability to synthesize fibroin-like protein. It is very likely that, different from abnormalities in amino acid metabolism, a genetic abnormality in protein metabolism affects the maintenance of adult life in silkmoths and this results in the short lifespan. Generally speaking, an abnormality in amino acid metabolism seems to have no influence on silkmoth lifespan. However, an abnormality in protein metabolism results in shortening lifespan. The greater the abnormality in protein metabolism possessed by a silkmoth, the shorter the lifespan. PMID- 6667728 TI - Age-related protein changes in the banana fruitfly. AB - Protein analyses from head and body revealed changes in content and electrophoretic banding pattern during aging of the banana fruitfly, Zaprionus paravittiger. Total protein content of head and body increased during the first 13 days of post-emergent life, followed by decline with advancing age. Electrophoretic studies indicate that certain proteins present in newly emerged flies disappeared with the advancing age while a few specific proteins appear and accumulate as the total protein content decreases during post-reproductive period. PMID- 6667730 TI - Motor performance achievements in rats of different ages. AB - Motor performance of rats of different ages was determined in a cross sectional study. The design includes a test battery of seven motor tasks of graduated complexity. The results show a hierarchical order of impairments of motor functions in aging rats; that is, the more complex the task requirement, the earlier and more pronounced is the susceptibility to deterioration of motor coordination. In spontaneous activity and swimming no difference could be observed between young and old rats. With increasing requirements for the tilting plane, horizontal wire, climbing and chimney tests as well as the rotarod test, the older rats show a differentiated decrease in performance. The findings are discussed in respect to the theory that aging is a reverse process of early development. PMID- 6667731 TI - Judging teenagers: how minors fare when they seek court-authorized abortions. PMID- 6667732 TI - Second pregnancies among teenage mothers. AB - An analysis of data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) finds that 82 percent of sexually active teenage mothers were using contraceptives in the year following the birth of their first child; the majority of those who practiced contraception used the pill. The proportion of black teenagers using no method of birth control was higher than that for white teenagers, and it increased over the course of the year. Rates of nonuse were particularly high among black women younger than 18, only 68 percent of whom practiced contraception (compared with 85 percent of whites the same age). Examination of the data by marital status shows that women who married while they were pregnant were the most likely to practice contraception in the year following their first birth, while those who were single at the time of first birth were the least likely to do so (89 versus 74 percent). Blacks constituted the majority of women who were not married at the time of first birth, and of all marital subgroups, single blacks had the highest rate of nonuse (29 percent). The probability of a pregnancy during the year following a first birth for all teenage mothers was 17 percent. Pregnancy rates among women with incomes less than 150 percent of poverty level were nearly twice as high as rates among women who had incomes above that level--21 percent vs. 11 percent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6667733 TI - Family planning clinic services in the United States, 1981. AB - In the first 13 years after the federal government initiated support for family planning clinic services, there was a fivefold increase in the number of U.S. women obtaining these services from organized programs, from about 860,000 in 1968 to 4.6 million in 1981. This increase was due to the growth in the number of service providers and in the average number of clients served by each agency. Between 1968 and 1981, the number of provider agencies rose from about 1,400 separate agencies operating 1,800 clinics to 2,500 agencies administering 5,000 clinics. The average number of patients served by each agency increased from 600 to 1,800. Family planning clinics have continued to serve primarily low-income women; in 1981, four-fifths of the women served, or 3.7 million, had low incomes. In addition, an estimated 1.8 million low-income women obtained family planning services from private physicians. Thus, about 58 percent of the 9.5 million low income women who were exposed to the risk of having an unintended pregnancy in 1981 made a contraceptive visit in that year; 39 percent went to clinics and 19 percent visited private physicians. Five million women 19 years of age or younger were at risk of unintended pregnancy in 1981; of these, 2.9 million (57 percent) obtained medically supervised family planning services--30 percent from organized programs and 27 percent from private physicians. Family planning clinic patients obtained contraceptive care from a variety of public and private health agencies in 1981.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6667735 TI - "Illusory" savings as a result of California's FP copayment system. PMID- 6667734 TI - Public support for legal abortion continues, although polls show conflicting trends in 1983. PMID- 6667736 TI - Abortion risks for teens as low as or lower than risks for older women. PMID- 6667737 TI - Two studies find no link between use of oral contraceptives and development of pituitary tumors. PMID- 6667738 TI - Fetal defects may be detectable in the first trimester with experimental biopsy technique. PMID- 6667740 TI - Synthesis of potential antihypertensive compounds: N-(4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-yl amino)pyrroles. AB - A series of N-(4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-yl-amino)pyrroles (V) were prepared by reaction of the 2-hydrazino-2-imidazolines with 2,5-diketones. Noticeable oral antihypertensive activity in renal hypertensive dogs was shown by N-(4,5 dihydroimidazol-2-yl-amino)-2,5-dimethyl pyrrole. PMID- 6667741 TI - [In vitro metabolism of 4-benzylisoquinolines, analogs of papaverine]. AB - A comparative study was made on sliced Rat liver of the in vitro disappearance of papaverine, PV 2 6,7-dimethoxy-4-(parachlorobenzyl)isoquinoline and its mono and di isopropoxy derivatives. Data show that papaverine and PV 2 are equally sensitive to oxygenases, although 7 mono and 6,7 di-isopropoxy derivatives are much less so, being more bulky and undergo in enzymic O-dealkylation less easily. The data also show that PV 2 and 6-isopropoxy desmethoxy PV 2 disappear at the same rate, more readily than the 7 isopropoxy isomer. This confirms the in vivo results previously reported. The antispasmodic in vitro activity of these compounds is reported. PMID- 6667739 TI - Family size and economic welfare. PMID- 6667742 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacologic study of derivatives of orciprenaline and salbutamol. II. Guanidine and amidoxime derivatives of salbutamol]. PMID- 6667743 TI - Limited enzymatic cleavage of pig immunoglobulin G and of specific antibodies. III. Large-scale isolation of tryptic fragments of antibodies and of non-specific immunoglobulin and characteristics of the Fc fragment. AB - Precipitating and non-precipitating anti-Dnp antibodies and S-sulpho non-specific IgG in gram quantities were subjected to limited cleavage by trypsin. Upon gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100 the fraction of Fab and Fc fragments was separated from incompletely split molecules and from tFc' fragments. The Fab and Fc fragments were separated from each other either by ion-exchange chromatography on QAE-Sephadex or by preparative electrophoresis in starch block. Both Fab and Fc fragments appeared to be heterogeneous as to electric charge. The Fc fragments were characterized by amino acid composition and N-terminal amino acids. The Fc fragment of non-specific IgG was cleaved by cyanogen bromide, and a C-terminal peptide containing 18 residues was isolated. Partial amino acid sequence of this peptide pointed to a high degree of homology with immunoglobulins of other animal species. PMID- 6667744 TI - Effects of microflora antigens on lymphocyte migration patterns in germfree and conventional rats. AB - The aim of this work was to help to explain the role of antigen in the migration pattern of lymphoid cells by using the possibility to work with GF and CONV inbred rats. Our findings indicate that: The homing of 51Cr-labelled cells from PP into different organs of GF and CONV rats was comparable. The homing of MLN cells into the gut and salivary glands was three times higher than homing of PLN cells. The homing of MLN cells of CONV rats into the gut of CONV rats is higher in comparison with the homing into the gut of GF rats. The changes in blood flow do not seem to have any influence on the homing activity because MLN cells from GF rats migrate comparably to the gut of GF and CONV animals. Higher localization of MLN cells from CONV rats in the gut of CONV rats (as compared with these cells from GF donors) seems to be a result of antigen activation of these cells. Our results imply that antigens of microflora present in the intestine enhance the homing of MLN cells into the gut provided that these cells were activated by microflora antigens. PMID- 6667745 TI - Modification of immune responsiveness to tumour grafts (enhancement or inhibition) induced in mice by allogeneic embryos. AB - Immune reactivity of the female recipients, made artificially pregnant, of fully allogeneic embryos was investigated. Allogeneic blastocysts were transferred into hormonally synchronized foster mothers in two strain combinations A (H-2a)--CBA (H-2k) and C57BL/6 (H-2b)--DBA/2 (H-2d). Immunogenicity was tested by growth of tumours Sa 1 (syngeneic with A strain recipients) and EL 4 (syngeneic with C57BL/6 strain recipients). Allogeneic blastocysts implanted in the host's uterus are able to elicit a stronger immune response than in semi-syngeneic pregnancies. The immune reaction was manifested by enhanced growth of tumour Sa 1 and accelerated rejection of EL 4. PMID- 6667746 TI - Phagocytosis of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate copolymer particles by different types of macrophages. AB - Phagocytic activity (for 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate particles) in normal and thioglycollate- or proteose peptone-stimulated peritoneal macrophages, Peyer's patches macrophages, bone marrow macrophages and macrophage-like cell lines BWM, DCH 5, PU-5-lR and RAW 264.7, in suspension and after adherence to a substrate, was tested. Results of testing showed that 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate particles are advantageous for following the phagocytic activity of the above cell types. PMID- 6667748 TI - Influence of actinomycin D on the rhythmicity of acid phosphatase biogenesis in the rat liver. PMID- 6667747 TI - Effects of different fixatives on the development of acrosomal system during spermiogenesis in buffalo, goat and ram. AB - The effects of Zenker-formol, Carnoy, Orth and Bouin's fixatives on the development of acrosomal system during spermiogenesis in buffalo, goat and ram were compared. Using Zenker-formol, Orth and Bouin's fixatives it was found in the Golgi and cap phases that the acrosome is derived from the inner and outer zones of acrosomal system. With Carnoy's fixative it was seen that the weakly stained granules are surrounded by a vacuolar space. In the acrosome and maturation phases the acrosome and head cap stain uniformly in the tissue fixed in Zenker-formol, Orth and Bouin's fixatives. In Carnoy fixed tissue the PAS positive material in the spermatids is weakly stained. PMID- 6667749 TI - Radiological examination of post-adjuvant polyarthritis in steroid-treated or allogeneic pregnant mice. PMID- 6667750 TI - Seasonal differences in circadian acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain stem reticular formation of the mouse. PMID- 6667751 TI - Motility and fertilization capability of mouse and toad (Xenopus laevis) chlorpromazine-treated spermatozoa. PMID- 6667752 TI - The influence of ionizing radiation and serotonin on litter size and body weight of newborn C57B mice. PMID- 6667753 TI - Peripheral blood picture in rabbits poisoned by the pesticide Trichlorfon. PMID- 6667754 TI - [Production of antithyroid hormone antibodies. 2. Genetic control of the production of anti-human thyroglobulin and antithyroid hormone antibodies in mice immunized with human thyroglobulin]. AB - Recently anti-thyroid hormone antibodies have been found in many cases of thyroidal and non-thyroidal disorders. However, the exact mechanism(s) of production of anti-thyroid hormone antibodies in these patients is so far obscure. Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are haptens and are not immunogenic in free form. In this respect, human thyroglobulin (HTg) has long been suggested as an antigen of the anti-thyroid hormone antibodies observed in them because it carries thyroid hormones on its surface. In our previous communication, we reported the production of anti-HTg antibodies and anti-thyroid hormone antibodies in two rabbits and various strains of mice immunized with HTg. In order to elucidate the gene(s) which controls the production of anti-HTg and anti-thyroid hormone antibodies, various strains of mice which have different H-2 and Igh allotypes were immunized with HTg. The titers of anti-HTg and anti thyroid hormone antibodies were measured, and the locus (loci) which controls the immune response against them was determined. Our present investigation has revealed that the Ir-gene(s) which controls the production of anti-HTg and anti T4 antibodies is located in the I-A subregion. Concerning the production of anti T4 antibodies in mice, the presence of Ir-gene(s) outside of H-2 is also suggested. The significance of the genetic mechanisms controlling the immune response against thyroid hormones in various thyroidal disorders is discussed. PMID- 6667755 TI - [Parathyroid function and uric acid metabolism]. AB - In order to elucidate the influence of the parathyroid function on the uric acid metabolism, 24 patients (14 males, 10 females) with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) and 17 patients (9 males, 8 females) with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (IHP) were extensively studied. The mean age was not significantly different between these groups, being 40.3 +/- 2.8 and 39.0 +/- 3.5 respectively. Hyperuricemia was found in 4 patients with PHP, but none of the patients had experienced gout. The serum uric acid levels were significantly higher and uric acid clearances were significantly lower in PHP than in IHP. There was no difference in daily urinary excretion of uric acid and in creatinine clearance between the two groups. In PHP, a positive correlation was observed between the levels of serum uric acid and calcium, both of which negatively correlated to renal uric acid clearance. Although the serum uric acid levels did not correlate to serum PTH levels in PHP, the removal of parathyroid adenoma resulted in a significant fall of serum uric acid levels. In IHP, the administration of PTH induced a small but significant decrease in serum uric acid levels with a coincidental increase in urinary uric acid excretion. Four hours of calcium infusion had no effect on the serum uric acid levels and urinary uric acid excretion. Treatment of IHP with 1 alpha-OH D3 to restore normal serum calcium levels caused significant increase in serum uric acid levels. These data indicate that the parathyroid function influences uric acid metabolism, even in the absence of renal insufficiency, mainly through changes of uric acid clearance. Levels of active vitamin D or chronically abnormal calcium levels in the circulation may be major determinant for uric acid metabolism in parathyroid disorders. PMID- 6667756 TI - [Clinical presentation of thyroid diseases--current progress]. PMID- 6667757 TI - [Endocrinal functions of the gastrointestinal system]. PMID- 6667758 TI - [Diagnosis and management of prolactinoma]. PMID- 6667760 TI - [Results of a prospective study on the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the skin]. PMID- 6667759 TI - [Chronic arsenic poisoning from the viewpoint of the dermatologist]. PMID- 6667761 TI - [Incontinenia pigmenti Bloch-Sulzberger. Illustration of clinical, diagnostic and genetic problems]. PMID- 6667762 TI - [Assessment of cardiovascular tests in the diagnosis of diabetic autonomic neuropathies]. AB - Eight tests for cardiovascular reflex function were evaluated in a group of 140 diabetic patients. The sensitivity, reproducibility and normal values of each test were previously assessed in a group of 70 normal controls. The measure of the R-R interval variation during six cycles of deep breathing (expiration/inspiration ratio) proved to be the most sensitive test, and was selected for screening. The Valsalva ratio, the bradycardia/tachycardia ratio post-standing and the blood pressure response to standing and to sustained handgrip served as a confirmatory test of autonomic neuropathy and were related to the severity of the lesion. The R-R interval variation during one deep breathing cycle, the post-standing tachycardia, and the R-R 30/15 standing ratio proved to be of little or not value in assessing cardiovascular neuropathy. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was diagnosed in 38.5% of our diabetic population, predominantly in patients with other clinical evidence of autonomic neuropathy. In a few asymptomatic patients, abnormal cardiovascular responses were the first evidence of autonomic lesion. PMID- 6667763 TI - Alterations of erythrocyte lipid pattern and of some membrane related functions as a consequence of plasma lipid disorder in diabetes mellitus. AB - The influence of plasma lipid disorders on red blood cell (RBC) lipid pattern and some related erythrocyte membrane functions, such as glycerol (GLT50) permeability and erythrocyte deformability was studied in diabetes mellitus. Significantly higher red blood cell cholesterol content, GLT50 and erythrocyte filtration time values were found in diabetics. GLT50 values were found closely related to both RBC cholesterol content (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001) and filtration time (r = 0.60, p less than 0.001). Interestingly, six diabetics with retinopathy showed GLT50 values above 60 sec. The RBC Cholesterol/Phospholipids molar ratio was significantly higher in diabetics. The most notable changes of plasma lipid pattern in diabetics were a decrease of both plasma HDL cholesterol, phospholipids and Apolipoprotein A levels with an increase of HDL free cholesterol/phospholipids molar ratio. RBC cholesterol content was found to be inversely related to HDL esterified/free cholesterol molar ratio (r = -0.56, p less than 0.001), while RBC cholesterol/phospholipids molar ratio was significantly related to both HDL free cholesterol/phospholipids (r = 0.51, p. 0.001) and to LDL total cholesterol/phospholipids (r = 0.25, p less than 0.05). Lastly, HDL cholesterol levels were found to inversely relate to glycosylated haemoglobin values (r = -0.54, p less than 0.01). PMID- 6667764 TI - Diet and pump-treated diabetes: a long-term follow-up. AB - Long-term effects of a liberalized diabetes diet without meal-planning and food exchange were investigated in lean type-I diabetic patients treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Food intake, body weight, HbA1c levels and serum lipids were recorded during conventional s.c. insulin injection treatment (CIT) and after 1 month or 14 months of CSII, respectively. During CSII plus liberalized diet, metabolic control improved significantly (compared to previous CIT plus conventional diet) as indicated by a decrease of HbA1c from 9.5% to 7.9% (p less than 0.005). Serum lipids remained unchanged. Body weight did not change significantly during CSII plus liberalized diet; mean body mass index increased from 21.5 to 22.4 kg/m2 (CIT vs. CSII, n.s.). During CSII, eating habits were similar to those of the general West Germany population regarding the number of meals and the nutrients composition. We conclude that during CSII, meal-planning and food-exchange that during CSII, meal-planning and food-exchange can be omitted provided the patients maintain (near-) normoglycaemia by appropriately adjusting the s.c. insulin delivery. Lean type-I diabetics on CSII do not require specific restrictions as to their caloric intake in order to prevent weight gain. PMID- 6667765 TI - The Bedford Survey: observations on retina and lens of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and in controls with normal glucose tolerance. AB - After the Bedford Survey observations were made upon retina and lens in borderline diabetics (persons with impaired glucose tolerance) and in age and sex matched controls with normal glucose tolerance. Seven years after the Survey, the prevalence of retinal abnormalities ("microaneurysms" and "exudates") was similar in each group. Of 145 initially borderline diabetics examined 10 years after the Survey, 25 had worsened to diabetes. Only two of the total group had "micro aneurysms" present and the maximum recorded in any eye was three. Lens opacities were of similar frequency in both groups shortly after the Survey and at the seven year follow-up examination. By contrast, 24% of 79 diabetics newly diagnosed during the Survey had "microaneurysms" recorded five years later. These results further justify the diagnostic category of impaired glucose tolerance, which, at least when discovered by population screening, carries no risk of clinically apparent eye disease for at least ten years after ascertainment. PMID- 6667766 TI - Proteoglycans as organizers of the intercellular matrix. PMID- 6667767 TI - Disorders of amino acid transport. PMID- 6667768 TI - The movement of cholesterol within cells. PMID- 6667769 TI - The role of non-esterified cholesterol concentration in endoplasmic-reticular membranes in the regulation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase. PMID- 6667770 TI - The role of oxysterols in the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. PMID- 6667771 TI - The biochemical action of the azasteroid antibiotics. PMID- 6667773 TI - Fungicidal inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis. PMID- 6667772 TI - Irreversible inhibitors of oestrogen biosynthesis (aromatase). PMID- 6667774 TI - Hypothesis on the molecular basis of the antifungal activity of N-substituted imidazoles and triazoles. PMID- 6667775 TI - Structure and conformation of rhodopsin in the disc membrane. PMID- 6667776 TI - Rhodopsin bleaching and rod adaptation. PMID- 6667777 TI - Light and retinal metabolism. PMID- 6667778 TI - Characterization of a dithiol-dependent peptide-transport protein in the scutellum of germinating barley. PMID- 6667779 TI - Intestinal absorption of peptides. PMID- 6667780 TI - Endoscopic manometry in the diagnosis of the postcholecystectomy pain syndrome. AB - A manometric study of the distal biliary tract was carried out by means of a side hole perfused catheter passed through the papilla Vateri during duodenoscopy in patients with postcholecystectomy biliary pain not due to stones or inflammation of the biliary tree. The sphincter of Oddi showed in these cases a significantly higher basal tone than in controls with superimposed phasic pressure waves of high amplitude. The basal pressure of the common bile duct was also higher than in controls. These manometric findings may help differentiate the functional papillary stenosis from other causes of the postcholecystectomy pain syndrome and may be useful in settling the question of performing sphincterotomy in these patients. PMID- 6667781 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of the apoproteins of the bile lipoprotein complex in the human intestine. AB - The human bile lipoprotein complex includes an apoprotein fraction of IgA fragments and an acidic polypeptide tightly bound to bile cholesterol and phosphatidylcholines. The fate of the intestinal bile lipoprotein complex was immunohistochemically studied. Its localization in the human duodenum is consistent with selective capture or synthesis. The result of both might be the presence of bile apoprotein in the bloodstream. These two mechanisms may explain the cross-reaction between the lipoprotein complex apoprotein and the high density lipoprotein. PMID- 6667782 TI - Effect of a transpyloric tube on gastric emptying and duodenogastric reflux in the dog. AB - The effect of a transpyloric tube on duodenogastric reflux and on gastric emptying was studied in dogs with either an intact pylorus, a Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty, or an extramucosal circular pylorectomy. In fasting dogs, duodenogastric reflux was 10 times smaller than after feeding a liquid lipid meal. A transpyloric tube increased the reflux rate in fasting, but not in fed dogs, while pylorectomy increased reflux rate and intragastric accumulation of a duodenal marker in fed, but not in fasting dogs. It is concluded, therefore, that in the dog (1) methods to measure duodenogastric reflux should not involve the necessity to position a transpyloric tube and (2) the pylorus and adjacent structures are involved in keeping duodenogastric reflux at a low level. PMID- 6667783 TI - Effect of partial ileal bypass on the gut hormone responses to food in man. AB - The integrated response of the regulatory peptides of the gastrointestinal tract to a test meal was studied in six hypercholesterolaemic patients who had undergone partial ileal bypass (PIB) and compared with responses in ten age- and sex-matched controls. Plasma motilin was found to rise significantly whereas plasma pancreatic polypeptide release was impaired after PIB. Plasma cholecystokinin rose promptly in both controls and the partial ileal bypass patients, and the latter group showed marked further rises, at 60 and 120 minutes after the meal, which were significantly higher than controls. Basal and postprandial plasma gastrin, gastric inhibitory peptide, neurotensin, enteroglucagon, insulin and pancreatic glucagon were similar in the two groups. PMID- 6667784 TI - Delay in diagnosis of adult coeliac disease. AB - The delay in diagnosis of 106 patients with adult coeliac disease, diagnosed between 1976 and 1980, was studied. Overall, delay in diagnosis was 11 +/- 10.6 years, being considerably greater in females (12.8 +/- 7.8 years) than in males (3.5 +/- 9.8 years). Most of this delay occurred prior to hospital referral, although that following referral to hospital clinics was still significant (1.8 +/- 4.8 years). The most common presenting complaints were lassitude (75%) anaemia (65%) and flatulence (50%). Typical gastro-intestinal symptoms were relatively uncommon and mild, but when present led to a more speedy diagnosis. It is concluded that, despite advances in modern diagnostic procedures, little progress has been made in hastening the diagnosis of coeliac disease. PMID- 6667785 TI - Cardiac rehabilitation--Ottawa's unique centre. PMID- 6667787 TI - A multidisciplinary team provides improved care. PMID- 6667786 TI - Cardiac rehabilitation: an emerging nursing role. PMID- 6667788 TI - Respite care provides relief for care-givers. PMID- 6667789 TI - Nursing home personnel: education opportunities. PMID- 6667790 TI - Hospice volunteers: a recruitment profile. PMID- 6667791 TI - William Watson Lodge: a unique experience. PMID- 6667792 TI - Hospital incidents: how can they be reduced? PMID- 6667793 TI - Health service guidelines: Canadian best sellers. PMID- 6667794 TI - Brandon General staff plans for retirement. PMID- 6667795 TI - Diagnostic technologies--assessing their merits. PMID- 6667796 TI - Choosing a medium for your message. PMID- 6667798 TI - [Anterior fascicular block: ECG-VCG correlations]. PMID- 6667797 TI - [Evaluation of the diastolic phase of the left ventricle, using the apex cardiogram, in patients with thalassemia major]. PMID- 6667799 TI - [Radionuclide investigations in the study of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular motility]. PMID- 6667800 TI - [A case of right branch block associated with left posterior hemiblock (posterior bifascicular block)]. PMID- 6667801 TI - [Atrial septal defect in 3 patients over 70 years of age]. PMID- 6667802 TI - [Splenic hemodynamics and portal hypertension in splenomegalic hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 6667803 TI - [Drug therapy of atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarct: comparison of intravenous amiodarone and digoxin]. PMID- 6667804 TI - [The anti-arrhythmic action of mexiletine: experimental study]. PMID- 6667805 TI - [Early exercise test after myocardial infarct: prognostic stratification]. AB - Exercise testing in myocardial infarction before discharge has been used for treatment and exercise prescription in the post-hospital phase. Aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance, within one year after the infarction, of submaximal exercise testing before discharge. 428 patients performed the test 14.5 days after the acute episode and were followed for 12 months. The following variables were examined: heart rate, blood pressure, rate pressure product at maximum exercise, total work and reasons for stopping the test (fatigue, submaximal HR, BP greater than or equal to 200/110, hypotension, ischemic or arrhythmic response). Two events were considered: 1) non fatal reinfarction; 2) cardiac death. Two methods of multivariate analysis (Cox's model regression analysis and discriminant analysis) were used. None of the considered variables was found to be predictive of non fatal reinfarction. According to Cox's model total performed work and hypertensive response were found to be predictive of cardiac death, while using discriminant analysis only total work had a predictive value (discriminant function: L = 0.00094 X total work performed + 1.48643; p less than 0.01). In detail, the higher the total work, the better the probabilities of survival, while in patients who stopped the test because of hypertension, the probabilities of cardiac death were lower. Exercise testing performed in uncomplicated myocardial infarction before hospital discharge provides, the basis for a more rational management of patients in the post infarction phase, and contributes to identify a subset of high-risk patients. PMID- 6667806 TI - [A new system for dynamic electrocardiography. First clinical trial]. AB - The development of a reliable system for analysis of ambulatory ECG recordings, for evaluation of arrhythmias and ST-T segment changes is a great challenge for technology and cardiovascular medicine. Signal superimposition or AVSEP system, conceived by Norman J. Holter, has been widely used and is employed even in recent sophisticated devices for analysis of ambulatory ECG recordings. As an alternative way we have chosen contourography, known since 1966, enhanced by a dynamic and perspective effect (Fig. 1). Figure 2 shows the display mechanism of the ECG signal. Cardiac cycles are continuously sampled, triggered and positioned along the running time axis. The QRS complexes undergo progressive amplitude decrease while "sliding" toward a viewpoint adjustable by the operator (Fig. 3). As memory contains a fixed number of cycles, the latest cycle enters the screen while the oldest falls out. Instead of being superimposed as in AVSEP system, cardiac cycles are displayed separately. In this way it is possible to make comparisons between one cycle and another or among different areas of the ECG tracing. At any instant, the tracing can be stopped, and an intensified area of interest can be recorded on a paper strip in a standard fashion (Fig. 4). A clinical comparison has been performed between this device and two different commercial systems; 25 tapes, 24 hours each, have been separately analyzed by two cardiologists with the Avionics system and 25 with the Pathfinder, and then with the new system. Each operator was not aware of the results of the other one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6667807 TI - [Balloon occlusion aortography in the angiographic study of pulmonary atresia with interventricular defect]. AB - Balloon aortography is a new technique for the angiographic study of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. A Swan-Ganz angiographic catheter is employed, whose balloon is inflated to stop blood flow in the descending aorta, thus ensuring the opacification of the pulmonary circulation. By this method we have studied 18 patients. Anatomic details of the pulmonary arterial circulation were obtained in all. No complications occurred. Balloon aortography is a simple and safe technique for the routine study of patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect, whereas selective injection in collateral arteries or pulmonary veins, which carries more risk and is more complex, should be adopted only in selected cases. PMID- 6667808 TI - [Echocardiographic and polygraphic study of acute/effects of Ibopamine on cardiac performance]. AB - The effects of Ibopamine, a new orally active dopaminergic agent, on cardiac performance were studied both in a group of healthy volunteers and in a group of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), using non-invasive methods, such as echocardiography and polygraphy. Randomly, and in double-blind fashion, the healthy volunteers received single doses of Ibopamine 50, 100 and 150 mg orally every 3 days. The CHF patients, also randomly and in double-blind fashion, were given single doses of either placebo or Ibopamine 100 or 150 mg every 2 days. Echocardiographic and polygraphic data were recorded in baseline conditions and 3, 6 and 8 hours after the drug administration. The heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured at the same time. The following parameters were considered: echocardiography: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), interventricular septum excursion (IVSE), left ventricular posterior wall excursion (LVPWE), per cent fractional fiber shortening (%FS); polygraphy: electromechanical systole (Q-A2), total ejection time (ET), pre ejection period (PEP), ET/PEP ratio. In CHF patients, body weight and 24-h diuresis were also measured daily. Neither of the two groups showed significant changes in HR, SBP and DBP with any drug dose. A shortening of ET (-2.2%, p less than 0.01) and Q-A2 (-2.8%, p less than 0.001) was found in the group of normal subjects with a dose of 50 mg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6667809 TI - [Ergospirometric evaluation of 53 physical exercises used in cardiological rehabilitation]. AB - Fifty-three calisthenics used in a cardiac rehabilitation program were evaluated in a group of patients who, 30-60 days after myocardial infarction, had undergone a multistage symptom-limited bicycle exercise test without S-T segment modifications or arrhythmias. The following measurements were made oxygen uptake (VO2), oxygen uptake/Kg (VO2/Kg), ventilation/m' (VE), heart rate/m' (HR), systolic blood pressure (sBP) and METS. A good correlation was observed during the physical exercises between HR and VO2 (r = 0.59; p less than 0.001) and between HR and VO2/Kg (r = 0.64; p less than 0.001). Such correlation was similar to that observed during bicycle ergometric test. Lower values were obtained for the correlations between sBP and both VO2 and VO2/Kg, but they were still statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Heart rate and sBP were lower during calisthenics than during bicycle exercise from a VO2 level of 600-800 ml up. It is therefore possible to tailor a safe training program based on calisthenics whose level of energy expenditure is known: HRxsBP reached during such physical exercises will be lower than during bicycle ergometric test, VO2 being equal. PMID- 6667810 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of a thromboembolic mass in the right atrium]. AB - We describe the case of a patient with massive pulmonary embolism, in which two dimensional echocardiography demonstrated the presence of a free-floating mass in the right atrial cavity. The patient was urgently and successfully operated on. We describe the echocardiographic findings and emphasize the value of two dimensional echocardiography in detecting right-sided intracavitary thromboemboli, a condition in which immediate surgical treatment is mandatory. PMID- 6667811 TI - [Rhabdomyoma of the interventricular septum in a one-day-old newborn infant. Echocardiographic diagnosis]. AB - A case of interventricular septal rhabdomyoma in a one day-old newborn is presented. The newborn was moderately cyanosed. A 3/6 systolic murmur in basal area was present. An electrocardiogram showed the features of Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome. A chest x-ray showed distinct cardiomegaly. M-Mode (MME) and Two dimensional echocardiography (2DE) identified an interventricular septal mass within left ventricle and suggested the presence of left ventricular outflow obstruction. We emphasize the usefulness of MME and 2DE in accurately diagnosing intramural ventricular tumors in newborns. PMID- 6667812 TI - [Guiding criteria for performance of exercise tests. Protocol of the Italian Group for Functional Evaluation and Rehabilitation of the Cardiopathic Patient]. PMID- 6667813 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse: errors and limitations]. AB - In order to assess the reliability of some recently proposed methods for angiographic diagnosis and quantification of mitral valve prolapse (MVP), the left ventricular silhouettes obtained by cineangiography in 48 patients with typical auscultatory and M-mode MVP findings were examined. The following methods were tested in 40 angiographic studies that were found to be of good technical quality: method of Farry et al. (1975), of Smith et al. (1978), of Engel et al. (1978), of Spindola-Franco et al. (1979). In 23 cases a two-dimensional echocardiographic study was also performed and Engel's angiographic criteria were utilized to quantify the MVP. The angiographic and echocardiographic data were correlated in 13 cases in which it was possible to obtain both good quality echocardiographic and adequate angiographic (end-systolic identification of the two mitral valve commissures) studies. The following conclusions can be drawn: a correct angiographic quantification of the extent of bulging requires both end diastolic and end-systolic identification of both anterolateral and posteromedial commissures; in spite of the good quality of the angiographic studies a correct end-systolic identification of the two commissures is obtainable in less than 50% of cases, which obviously restricts considerably the applicability of any objective method; among the tested angiographic methods only the Engel's method (evaluation of the distance between the plane of the mitral valve and the most protruding point of the prolapsed leaflets) showed a satisfactory diagnostic sensitivity (75% in RAO projection, 89.5% LL projection, 100% utilizing both projections); angiography is not suitable for a quantitative classification of the MVP in mild, moderate and severe forms; such a possibility, on the contrary, seems to be offered by two-dimensional echocardiography provided that Engel's angiographic are adopted. PMID- 6667814 TI - Intravenous dl-carnitine fails to increase the double-product during atrial pacing in patients with effort angina. A double-blind randomized study. AB - Infusions of DL-carnitine are reported to improve the tolerance to atrial pacing of patients with angina pectoris. In the present study, six patients with angina of effort and triple vessel disease received two placebo and two carnitine infusions administered in a double-blind randomized fashion. Carnitine did not affect either the double product (heart rate X systolic blood pressure) at maximal pacing (ST depression: 2.3 +/- 0.2 mm, +/- SEM) or the tolerated pacing time. Intravenous carnitine, in the dose given, is of no therapeutic benefit in myocardial ischemia precipitated by tachycardia. It could be effective when free fatty acids are elevated as during catecholamine stimulation. PMID- 6667815 TI - [AQRS left axial deviation of more than -30 degrees and incomplete right branch block in isolated ventricular septal defects]. AB - Electrocardiographic findings in five out of forty-three cases of isolated Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD) demonstrated incomplete Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) with left AQRS deviation of more than -30 degrees. These features are said to be characteristic of VSD of the Persistent Common Atrioventricular Canal type. However, in two of our five cases a defect of the Inlet Septum was documented angiographically; in the remaining three cases a defect of the peri Membranous septum was clearly demonstrated. Moreover hemodynamic data in our patients indicate that right ventricular diastolic overload could not account for RBBB in all of the cases. The clinical importance derived from this experience is that ECG findings of RBBB and left AQRS deviation of more than -30 degrees are not necessarily associated with, and therefore do not represent certain proof of the presence of VSD of the A-V Canal type. The association of this ECG pattern with VSD's other than the A-V Canal type, as previously observed, appears to have an anatomic explanation, which however needs further substantiation through electrophysiologic studies. PMID- 6667816 TI - [The tricuspid valve in carcinoid cardiopathy: characteristic echocardiographic aspects]. AB - Cardiac involvement is commonly seen in the carcinoid syndrome (C.S.). However echocardiographic observations in this condition are still very scanty. In two patients with the C.S. and clinical signs of tricuspid insufficiency (plus mild pulmonic stenosis in one case) two-dimensional echocardiography showed: 1) right ventricular overload with normal left heart valves and chambers; 2) a peculiar aspect of the tricuspid valve, whose three leaflets were markedly thickened and retracted. The anterior leaflet was almost fixed in a semi-open position while the septal and posterior leaflets appeared as rigid structures fixed in an open position, extending from the annulus into the right ventricular cavity. In both cases only the posterior cusp of the pulmonary valve could be visualized. The afore-mentioned changes exactly reproduce the pathological features of the tricuspid valve in the carcinoid heart disease and so far, have not been observed in other conditions. PMID- 6667817 TI - [Mexiletine: electrophysiologic effects]. AB - A complete electrophysiological evaluation has been performed before and after the intravenous administration of Mexiletine (M.) (3 mg/Kg/B.W. in 5 minutes) in 28 patients (pts) (6 pts with normal conduction system, 4 pts with sick sinus syndrome, 5 pts with intranodal AV block, 13 pts with bundle branch block, of which 4 with pathological HV and 1 with intrahisian conduction defect). With the exception of a shortening of QTc interval in all the pts, the drug did not significantly affect any other electrophysiological parameters. In the patient with intrahisian conduction defect, M. prolonged the H1 - H2 interval. A statistically significant increase of heart rate has been also observed in a second group of 8 pts with normal sinus function, in whom M. administration was preceded by Atropine (I.V. bolus 0,04 mg/Kg/B.W.). This finding seems to exclude a vagolytic effect of M. The conclusions derived from our experience and pertinent literature are the following: M. is not useful in the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias because it has negligible effects on atrial and AV nodal conduction; the drug may be safely employed in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in pts with atrial and/or AV nodal conduction defects; special caution must be employed when the drug is utilized in pts with sick sinus syndrome and/or with marked intraventricular conduction defects. PMID- 6667818 TI - [False chorda tendinea of the left ventricle: possibility of diagnosis with echocardiography]. AB - False tendons are fibrous strings that originate from the ventricular endocardium, but do not insert into the atrioventricular valve leaflets. Until recently these structures were recognized only at autopsy: recent reports have described some echocardiographic features of false tendons. In this paper we report our experience about false tendons in the left ventricle and some considerations on the echocardiographic differential diagnosis of these structures. In 4 of 1500 consecutive patients evaluated by M-mode and bidimensional echocardiography we have observed, throughout the cardiac cycle, an anomalous string-like linear echo stretched from the upper part of the interventricular septum to the apex (two cases) or to the lateral wall of the left ventricle (two cases). Associated cardiovascular diseases included mitral valve prolapse in two cases, systemic arterial hypertension in two cases and disturbances of cardiac rhythm in one case. Abnormal echoes in the left ventricular outflow tract are a common finding in several disorders such as discrete subaortic stenosis and aortic valve prolapse or vegetations. Furthermore a false tendon running parallel to the interventricular septum can mimick septal hypertrophy. Bidimensional echocardiographic examination, can identify these different conditions. Further studies will be necessary to firmly establish the diagnostic criteria of these structures at echocardiography. PMID- 6667819 TI - [Drug-induced orthostatic hypotension can be useful in antihypertensive therapy]. AB - The evaluation of the efficacy of antihypertensive therapy may be misleading if it is based on office blood pressures which are usually higher than ambulatory or home pressures. An erroneous evaluation may also derive from the presence of orthostatic hypotension induced by antihypertensive therapy. In seven patients with moderate to severe hypertension who were treated with different antihypertensive agents and who presented drug-induced orthostatic hypotension we studied 24 hour blood pressures by means of the Oxford system. The mean of the blood pressures recorded with the patients up and about were lower than with the patients in the supine position. Consequently the physiological fall in blood pressure which is present in untreated patients during sleep was not observed. The following conclusions may be drawn: a) drug-induced orthostatic hypotension may be useful in antihypertensive therapy; b) drugs which are capable of reducing blood pressure particularly in the supine position should be preferred during the night; c) for the evaluation of antihypertensive therapy it is necessary to take into account both supine and standing blood pressure. PMID- 6667820 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of a single atrioventricular valve: problem of differential diagnosis]. AB - In the normal subject, the echocardiographic crux-cordis is defined by the spatial relationship between the plane of the interatrial and interventricular septa and the plane of the A-V valves. The bidimensional echocardiographic image of the crux-cordis may be obtained from various approaches: apical, subcostal, or precordial. In the present study we have assessed the usefulness of 2-D echocardiographic analysis of the crux-cordis in identifying the presence of a common A-V valve vs a single A-V valve (i.e. with atresia of the contralateral valve) in univentricular hearts (UH). We have studied 55 patients. Eight patients had a UH with a common A-V valve (6 with a rudimentary chamber, and 2 without a rudimentary chamber). Thirty-three patients were found to have atresia of the right A-V valve (29 with absent connection, and 4 with an imperforated valve), and 14 with atresia of the left A-V valve (9 with absent connection, and 5 with an imperforate valve). A correct differential diagnosis between common A-V valve and atresia of an A-V valve was achieved in 53 out of 55 patients through the direct visualization of the atretic atrial floor and by recognizing the origin of the leaflets of the one patent valve present. Of the patients with UH and common A-V valve, 5 presented a low interatrial septal defect, 3 a single atrium, 3 an interventricular septum which was clearly misaligned with the echocardiographic crux-cordis, in 5 an analysis of the crux-cordis did not permit visualization of a ventricular septal structure of which 3 resulted as false negatives.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6667821 TI - [Platelet antiaggregants in post-myocardial infarct patients: why, which and in what doses?]. PMID- 6667822 TI - [Acute mitral obstruction during infectious endocarditis]. AB - We describe a patient with mitral valve endocarditis and valve obstruction due to a large vegetation on a previously normal mitral orifice. The diagnosis was suggested before surgery by two-dimensional echocardiography. We review the clinical features of 13 previously reported patients. In view of its ominous prognosis, accurate diagnosis of acute mitral obstruction is vital. This condition requires emergency surgery. PMID- 6667823 TI - [Hemodynamic aspects of torsade de pointes: echocardiographic study of a case]. AB - In a patient with complete heart block complicated by "Torsade de point" (T.D.P.) we were able to record an M-mode echocardiogram during an attack of this peculiar ventricular tachyarrhythmia. The aortic valve opening was inconstant, incomplete and unequal during the T.D.P. (13 sec.), although the rate of the tachyarrhythmia was almost constant. On the other hand, during a subsequent ventricular pacing at a comparable rate like, the aortic valve opening was constant and complete. On the basis of these observations we conclude that the reduction of stroke volume, observed in T.D.P., is mainly due to mechanical failure as a result of partial desynchronization of the ventricular activation, as in ventricular fibrillation in which, however, the desynchronization is complete. PMID- 6667825 TI - [The severity rate of accidents in a mechanical plant]. AB - The severity rate of industrial accidents is calculated so as to make possible their statistical processing. The application to the case of a mechanical plant is presented in order to estimate the severity of the industrial accident risk. Such risk increases with the age of the accident victims, with great climatic changes, with the passing of non-stop working hours, and is due above all to limb contusions (the upper are the more affected) as a consequence of struck against or by objects, of the falls of objects and persons, of getting caught between objects and of hitting against stationary objects, in increasing order of severity; the decrease in the rate with the passing of week days can be indicative of difficulties in the psyco-physical adjustment to the work place. The severity rate has decreased in the course of the seven years examined for unclear causal reasons which require their own analysis. The improvement in the prevention of industrial accident in this plant can be accomplished through the amelioration of the whole work place from the physical point of view (relief from physical fatigue, control of microclimate and pollution, order and cleanliness in a work place of adequate space and illumination), as well as from the psycological point of view (letting the staff know about the risks and the means to avoid them, concern with social relations). PMID- 6667824 TI - [Evaluation of exposure and of the biological effects in galvanic chromium plating by different technologies]. AB - In the hard electroplating process, chromium exposure is heavier than in the bright process. The average urinary chromium was 9,7 +/- 7,2 micrograms/g cr. in the 31 bright plating subjects; comparing only the chromium bath workers of the two process, the difference was statistically significant (13,0 +/- 7,5 micrograms/g cr. against 7,6 +/- 4,4 micrograms/g cr. t = 2,4; p less than 0,0025). In a control group composed of 22 sanitary workers, the average urinary chromium was 1,9 +/- 1,4 micrograms/g cr. We found chromium rhinopathy in 40% of the hard process subjects and in 20% of the bright process subjects. Sputum cytologic examination was not correlated with the chromium level exposure. In the exposed workers we found 37% insufficient specimens and 53% metaplasia plus dysplasia; in the 42 control subjects we found 64% insufficient specimens, 33% metaplasia and no dysplasia. PMID- 6667826 TI - [Risk in welding operations. Etiopathogenetic, preventive and legislative considerations]. AB - This work classifies different types of welding procedure, occasional and specific contaminating elements, both of the welding material, and of other possible substances (particularly plastic materials) used in the pre-treating phase. The authors show the risk evaluation factors of the welding operations and, moreover, suggest a diagnostic and prevention program on the exposed subjects. Finally they include a table of references on italian law concerning the contaminating substances produced by welding processes. PMID- 6667827 TI - [Health risks related to the use of coal as a source of energy]. AB - Because of new increase of coal use as energy source, hazards for environment and human health of coal cycle are debated, from its extration to its combustion, taking particularly care of this last stage. At last specific hazard of coal power station workers are briefly discussed. PMID- 6667828 TI - [The social impact of problems in linguistic communication]. PMID- 6667829 TI - [A model for health administration]. PMID- 6667830 TI - Transforming activity of human melanoma DNA. AB - Cellular DNA transfection to mouse NIH3T3 cells revealed transforming activity of human malignant melanoma DNA. The corresponding human sequence was cloned from the transformed mouse cells. By hybridization to viral oncogenes, the transforming gene in human melanoma was identified as a homologue of viral Ha-ras gene. PMID- 6667831 TI - In vivo amplification and rearrangement of the c-Ha-ras-1 sequence in a human bladder carcinoma. AB - Southern blot analyses revealed amplification and rearrangement of c-Ha-ras-1 sequence in the DNA of one biopsied specimen of bladder carcinoma. DNA from normal cells, leukocytes, of the same patient showed no such changes. Therefore, the amplification and rearrangement described here seem to be associated with the development of the cancer. PMID- 6667832 TI - Inhibition of spontaneous leukemia in F-344 rats by tetramethylthiuram disulfide (thiram). AB - Thiram was added at levels of 0.1 and 0.05% to the diet of F-344 rats for 2 years. The results indicated that thiram significantly reduced the incidence of spontaneous leukemia, and also tended to reduce the incidences of pituitary and thyroid tumors. PMID- 6667833 TI - High susceptibility of specific inbred colonies of rats to n-2-fluorenylacetamide induced hepatocarcinogenesis. AB - N-2-Fluorenylacetamide(FAA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in three colonies of Wistar-strain rats was studied. Two specific inbred colonies of rats derived from a Wistar strain, normotensive rats of Wistar Kyoto colony (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats separated from WKY (SHR), showed higher inductions of preneoplastic altered foci of basophilic cell type and hepatocellular carcinomas as compared to common closed colony rats of the same strain (CWR). After 7 weeks of 0.02% FAA-containing diet, preneoplastic foci in WKY were found 4.8 times more frequently and in SHR 2.5 times more frequently than in CWR. Most of the foci found in WKY (92.5% of the total number of foci) and in SHR (87.1%) were of basophilic cell type, whereas most of the foci in CWR (71.3%) were acidophilic. After 7 months of the diet, multiple hepatocellular carcinomas were found in most rats in WKY (87.5% of the total number of rats, 2.6/rat) and SHR (81.8%, 2.5/rat) as compared to CWR (14.3%, 0.14/rat). These data demonstrate that rats in specific inbred colonies possess even higher susceptibility to FAA than CWR, and the susceptibility is closely related to the higher incidence of basophilic foci. PMID- 6667834 TI - A novel Japanese Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, P32/Ishida, with a new variant chromosomal translocation (2;14). AB - A novel cultured cell line, P32/Ishida, was established from a Japanese 8-year old boy with abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma. The P32/Ishida cells were proved to have immature B-cell phenotypes on the basis of immunological surface marker analysis: surface immunoglobulins (gamma, mu, kappa), Ia-like antigen, B1 antigen, and common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen were positive. A small amount of IgM, but no IgG, could be detected in both cell extract and culture supernate of P32/Ishida cells. Cytogenetic studies revealed that the P32/Ishida cells consisted of cells having three derivative karyotypes characterized by common marker chromosomes, dup(1), and 14q + due to a new variant chromosomal translocation (2;14), which has not been identified in usual Burkitt's cell lines. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity were confirmed to be negative. PMID- 6667835 TI - Augmentation of natural killer activity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by human leukocyte interferon: characterization of the augmented activity. AB - The characteristics of natural killer (NK) activity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with human leukocyte interferon (HuIFN-alpha) were compared with those of the untreated original NK activity. HuIFN-alpha, at a concentration of 50 IU/ml or more, augmented the NK activity against BALL-1, Daudi, and Namalwa target cells. On the other hand, the augmentation was less evident for the activity against Raji and Molt-4 cells. Original NK activity was detected mainly in the fraction that passed through a nylon wool column. Nylon-retained cells, however, could be activated by the addition of HuIFN-alpha to express activity against BALL-1. The activity of the nylon-passed fraction was augmented by HuIFN alpha as well as that of unfractionated cells. NK cells could be activated by HuIFN-alpha under calcium-free conditions that allow NK cells to bind but not to lyse the target cells; augmented cytotoxicity was observed when calcium was added 2 hr later. This suggests that the augmentation of NK activity by HuIFN-alpha may have resulted from an increase in the number of NK cells. PMID- 6667836 TI - Ovarian stimulation of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the viviparous cockroach, Diploptera punctata. AB - A direct radiochemical assay for juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis by the corpora allata (CA) showed that the cyclic changes in biosynthesis associated with the gonadotrophic cycle were abolished in the absence of ovaries whether or not the CA were innervated. In ovariectomized animals denervated CA synthesized JH at slightly higher rates than did innervated CA. However, the low rates of JH synthesis in ovariectomized females were sufficient to result in accumulation of vitellogenin in the hemolymph to levels twice those of normal females. Implantation of one ovary 1 week after ovariectomy resulted in a cycle of JH biosynthesis qualitatively similar to that observed during a normal gonadotrophic cycle. Implantation of one ovariole did not result in a detectable cycle of JH biosynthesis whereas normal rates of JH synthesis were observed after implantation of three to six ovarioles. Implantation of four ovaries resulted in a cycle of CA activity more attenuated than that observed in the presence of one ovary. Nonetheless all four ovaries sequestered a normal quantity of vitellin. PMID- 6667837 TI - Patterns of serum ecdysteroids during induced and uninduced proecdysis in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator. AB - Eyestalk-intact and eyestalkless fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator, have similar temporal patterns of circulating serum ecdysteroids during proecdysis. Both groups of animals showed two distinct transient peaks of radioimmunoassay (RIA) active ecdysteroids. Peak 1 occurred 3 weeks prior to ecdysis and preceded the onset of rapid proecdysial limb bud growth. Peak 2 was a larger peak that occurred a few days prior to ecdysis. Thin-layer chromatography profiles of the two peaks showed at least seven RIA-active compounds common to both peaks. The relative abundance of these compounds differed between the two peaks. The role of the eyestalks in control of circulating ecdysteroids was limited to maintenance of intermolt conditions. During proecdysis, the control of circulating ecdysteroid levels was located outside of the eyestalks. There was no correlation between limb bud growth rates and serum ecdysteroid levels during proecdysis. PMID- 6667838 TI - Hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal-thyroid and gonadal interrelationship in the chick embryo. I. Differential effect of ectopic pituitary grafts on plasma total T4 and testosterone levels. AB - Plasma total thyroxine (T4) and testosterone concentrations of Day 15.5 intact, surgically partially decapitated (hypothalamo-hypophyseoprivic) and partially decapitated chick embryos with adenohypophyseal transplants were determined by radioimmunoassay of the same plasma sample. Decapitation in both male and female chick embryos at 33-38 h of incubation results in plasma thyroxine and testosterone levels which are statistically significantly lower than those of intact embryos. The addition of a single adenohypophyseal transplant to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of male and female decapitated embryos only partially restores plasma thyroxine levels to intact levels. However, the same procedure results in plasma testosterone levels which are higher than those of both decapitated and intact individuals. The data suggest that in the developing chick embryo there are differences in dependence of the thyroid and the gonads upon a functional hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal unit. The possible differential regulatory effects of the hypothalamus on the adenohypophyseal-thyroid and adenohypophyseal-gonadal components of the hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal-thyroid and hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal-gonadal axes are discussed. PMID- 6667840 TI - Identification of testosterone and progesterone in hemolymph of larvae of the fleshfly Sarcophaga bullata. AB - Testosterone- and progesterone-like substances were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in chromatographed extracts of hemolymph from larvae of Sarcophaga bullata (S.B.). Gas chromatographic (GC) analysis after heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) derivation of hemolymph extracts, purified by paper and silica gel column chromatography, showed a peak in the GC recordings with the same retention time as the HFBA derivative of pure testosterone. A testosterone concentration of 92 ng/100 ml hemolymph was found by GC; the concentration of progesterone, calculated on the basis of the RIA, was about two times higher. After preparing the o-pentafluorobenzyloxime (OPFB)-heptafluorobutyryl ester (HFB) derivatives of the hemolymph extracts, negative ion chemical ionization capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (NCI/GC-MS) proved that hemolymph of larvae of the fleshfly Sarcophaga bullata indeed contains testosterone and progesterone. Several metabolites and precursors of the latter compounds could also be detected during the NCI/GC-MS analyses. Estrogens could not be traced by any of the methods we used. This is the first time that these steroids have been identified in insect hemolymph. These results add interesting perspectives for comparative endocrinology. PMID- 6667839 TI - Hypotensive actions of snake parathyroid glands. AB - Parathyroid gland extracts from four different snake species, Ptyas korros, Ptyas mucosa, Elaphe radiata, and Naja naja, were prepared and their hypotensive actions were assayed in anesthetized P. korros. All extracts were hypotensive and the responses, except that of N. naja, were dose related. Their potencies were, however, different in different species. These data suggest that the hypotensive property of the parathyroid hormone is probably widely distributed in submammalian vertebrates. PMID- 6667841 TI - Metabolism of injected [3H]ecdysone in male Sarcophaga bullata (Diptera). AB - Within 30 min after injection, [3H]ecdysone was rapidly partially metabolized to ecdysterone and other ecdysteroids. After 8 hr most (99%) of the tritiated material had disappeared from the hemolymph. In testes, the predominant ecdysteroid appeared to be ecdysterone but no accumulation occurred. Comparison of the dynamics of the ecdysone metabolism in abdomens and head-thorax sections showed that in the head-thorax ecdysterone was the major component, whereas in abdomens the major metabolites were highly polar products (HPP). However, the total amount of label was nearly the same in both parts. Two groups of HPP have been isolated from the abdomen fractions without testes: HPP B and HPP C. Only HPP B could be hydrolyzed by enzymes and seemed at least to contain glucuronides, beta-glucosides, and sulfate conjugates. After 4 hr most of the tritiated ecdysteroids were found in the fecal material. No male-specific metabolites have been discovered. PMID- 6667842 TI - Ecdysteroid levels associated with epidermal events during worker and soldier differentiation in Macrotermes michaelseni (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae). AB - Radioimmunoassay of ecdysteroid levels coupled with morphological and histological studies have revealed a close association between hormonal titers and epidermal events during worker and soldier differentiation from lighter and heavier third instars of Macrotermes michaelseni, respectively. Two main peaks of ecdysteroid levels were found during the development of these larvae. The first low one occurred on Day 4 in both cases, although that of lighter larvae was short lived (only 1 day) while that of the heavier larvae continued for another day. Epidermal detachment (apolysis) was shown to start earlier in the heavier larvae (Day 4) than in the lighter ones (Day 6), indicating a differential influence of the first ecdysteroid peak on the epidermis (probably modulated by differing levels of juvenile hormones in the two types of larvae). It was also at this time that morphological differentiation of presoldier mandibles was observed. From this interval onward, hormonal levels remained higher and achieved a second peak in the heavier larvae earlier (Day 9-10) than in the lighter ones (Day 11-12). Epidermal events, i.e., complete apolysis, increased cellular growth, new cuticle deposition, and ecdysis, correlated well with the hormonal level increases, those of the lighter larvae always lagging behind by about 2 days. During presoldier-soldier transformation two distinct ecdysteroid peaks were demonstrated, one occurring on Day 2 (low) and the other on Day 9 (high). The third one was transient and not very distinct from the second peak. The significance of these peaks is discussed in the context of differentiation. PMID- 6667843 TI - On the effects of cyanoketone on gonadotrophin- and steroid-induced in vitro maturation of Oryzias oocytes. AB - Effects of cyanoketone (CK) on the gonadotrophin- and steroid-induced maturation in vitro of Oryzias latipes oocytes were examined. In oocyte covered with intact follicle or granulosa cell layers, CK inhibited gonadotrophin- and pregnenolone induced maturation but not 20 beta-OH-progesterone-induced maturation. However, when follicle cells were removed completely from the oocytes, CK conspicuously lacked inhibitory effect on pregnenolone-induced oocyte maturation. It was ascertained by using purified pregnenolone that pregnenolone-induced maturation was not due to contamination with other maturation-inducing steroids. It was also observed immunocytochemically that a purified pregnenolone stimulated in vitro production of progestins in the granulosa cells, and that CK inhibited this stimulation. These results indicate that pregnenolone, like gonadotrophin, induces maturation of intrafollicular oocytes of O. latipes by stimulation of production of such steroids as progesterone in follicle cells (granulosa cells), while it can directly induce maturation of oocytes not surrounded by follicle cells. PMID- 6667844 TI - Effects of steroids and sex reversal on intestinal absorption of L-[14C]leucine in vivo, in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. AB - The effects of steroids (17 alpha-methyltestosterone (MT), 17 beta-oestradiol (E2)), and of sex reversal (XX male) on intestinal absorption and accumulation of L-[14C]leucine (5 mM), were investigated in unanaesthetized rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), using an in vivo gut perfusion technique. Each steroid was luminally perfused through the gut at a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml perfusate, during five separate perfusions carried out on the same fish at 30-min intervals (perfusion periods 1 to 5), for a total of 120 min at 14 degrees. Experiments were also conducted on masculinized, genetically female trout (XX male) with steroid-free perfusate. MT treatment significantly increased the intestinal absorption of radioleucine during periods 1 and 2, whilst E2 was without effect. Neither MT nor E2 influenced intestinal accumulation (mid- and hindgut) of radioleucine, and accumulation of 14C-solutes in skeletal muscle. Sex reversal, however, whilst having no effect on leucine absorption, nevertheless significantly increased intestinal accumulation of radioleucine, and accumulation of 14C-solutes in skeletal muscle. The effects observed in the present study are in agreement with previous work in trout using everted gut sac preparations. It is suggested that the growth-promoting effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids in fish may be partly explained by their action on gastrointestinal function. PMID- 6667845 TI - Comparison of turkey luteinizing hormone (LH)- and ovine LH-induced progesterone production in granulosa cells of the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). AB - Progesterone production was compared in short-term cultures of turkey and fowl granulosa cells isolated from preovulatory follicles of different maturities. In both species cells from the most mature follicle produced the greatest amount of progesterone under stimulated conditions and in response to ovine or turkey LH, the latter being significantly more potent. Whereas basal production of progesterone was higher in turkey cells, the response to LH or cAMP stimulation was significantly greater in chicken granulosa cells both in absolute terms and particularly in relation to unstimulated levels. These species differences may reflect difference in the intensity of reproductive activity of the turkey and the domestic fowl selected for egg production. PMID- 6667847 TI - Endocrine programmed development and reproduction in Nereis. AB - The pattern of cerebral endocrine activity in Nereis diversicolor is characterized by the maintenance of a high plateau of activity prior to, and during most of, the time occupied by gametogenesis. During the closing stages of the life cycle, the rate of secretion is progressively reduced, resulting in the production of a homogeneous population of gametocytes and subsequently in their final maturation. Secretion has been assayed in terms of the regeneration promoting, maturation-inhibiting, and gametotrophic activities of the hormone. Assays involved transplantation of living brains, in some cases between animals at different stages of maturity, but evidence is presented that the activity of such brains reliably reflects their rate of secretion in situ. Cerebral control of growth and maturation is probably mediated by a single hormone, an ordered sequence of events occurring as different thresholds for hormone action are reached in turn. PMID- 6667848 TI - Plasma levels on thyroid hormones in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) decrease before spawning. AB - Blood samples were taken from mature sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at various stages in their upstream migration to spawn at Adam's River in British Columbia, Canada. Plasma T3 and T4 levels decreased significantly in both males and females between time of entry into fresh water and postspawning. PMID- 6667846 TI - Influence of prolactin on mitotic activity of the bursa of Fabricius of the chick. AB - The effect of ovine prolactin (NIH-LTH) in different does (1.5, 5.0, 10.0 IU) on the mitotic activity of the bursa of Fabricius of the chick was studied. Prolactin at all doses increased the mitotic activity, but the lowest dosage (1.5 IU) was most effective). Also, prolactin, at all doses, inhibited histologically bursal secretory activity. Thus, dual action of prolactin on bursal activity in chicks is indicated. PMID- 6667849 TI - Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow in the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. PMID- 6667850 TI - Nonprogressive sperm motility is characteristic of most complete t haplotypes in the mouse. PMID- 6667851 TI - Quantitative genetic variation in the skeleton of the mouse. I. Variation between inbred strains. PMID- 6667852 TI - Contrasted, a steel allele in the mouse with intermediate effects. PMID- 6667853 TI - Effects of linkage on response to directional selection from new mutations. PMID- 6667854 TI - Clear plaque mutation sites linked to the immI region of the Salmonella phage P22. PMID- 6667855 TI - Absence of detectable gametic disequilibrium between the t-complex and linked allozyme-encoding loci in house mice. PMID- 6667856 TI - Recombination between two mouse t-haplotypes (tw12tf and tLub-1): segregation of lethal factors relative to centromere and tufted (tf) locus. PMID- 6667857 TI - Daughterless X Sxr/Y Sxr mice. PMID- 6667858 TI - Cystoid macular edema associated with limbal melanoma. AB - Early cystoid macular edema causing some loss of central vision in an eye with an 8-year history of limbal melanoma was studied histopathologically. A typical combination of slight chronic uveitis, vitreoretinal traction, parafoveal separation of posterior vitreous and inner-limiting membrane, swelling with distinct cystoid changes in Henle's fiber layer, and foldlike detachment of foveal cones is described and discussed. PMID- 6667859 TI - The occurrence of cell death during the remodelling of the chamber angle recess in the developing rat eye. AB - Prenatal and postnatal stages of the developing chamber angle in the rat eye were analysed qualitatively by light and electron microscopy. One eye of each of five weight-matched littermates was investigated at the following time points: prenatal days 14, 17, 18 and 21; day 0 = day of birth; postnatal days 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 100 and 200. From postnatal days 5 to 60, conspicuous amounts of necrotic cells were observed within the chamber angle area. At birth and at postnatal day 200, only a few scattered necroses were observed. Necrotic cells were found within the trabecular area, the region of Fontana's spaces and beams and the peripheral iris, the iris root, the ciliary body and the adjoining choroid. Large macrophages containing lysosomal dense bodies were found within the previously described areas and were frequently in close contact with necrotic cells. It is concluded that cell death within the developing chamber angle of the rat may represent an important event that may contribute to two morphogenetic effects: (1) the opening of large spaces of Fontana and (2) space formation within the trabecular area and uveoscleral outflow routes. PMID- 6667861 TI - Inhibition of experimental intraocular proliferation with intravitreal 5 fluouracil. AB - 5-Fluorouracil was used to inhibit experimental intraocular proliferation in rabbit eyes, produced by homologe fibroblast implantation. Two different concentrations were used, 1 and 5 mg in a single intravitreal injection. The eyes were followed up over 4 weeks. Proliferation and resulting traction detachment was reduced from 75% to 30% in the 1-mg 5-fluouracil group. In addition, we observed retinal and vascular changes in a considerable number of eyes treated with 1 mg and much more pronounced alterations in most of the eyes treated with 5 mg fluouracil. PMID- 6667860 TI - Phase transitions in ocular tissue - NMR and temperature measurements. AB - The human cornea, sclera and lens is studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements and temperature curves. The bound water fractions of these tissues have been determined as 3% in the cornea, 20% in the sclera and 17% in the lens. In contrast to other investigations we found freezing intervals near -1 degree C. PMID- 6667862 TI - Lysozyme concentration in reflex and "basic" secretion. AB - When the lysozyme concentration (expressed in microgram/ml HEL) in reflex stimulated tears was compared with tear fluid obtained after local anaesthesia (after correction for differences in volume and matched against standard concentrations of HEL with standard volume), there was no significant statistical difference. These findings suggest that there is either a common source for stimulated and unstimulated tears or there are two different sources for tears that are secreted with the same lysozyme concentration. PMID- 6667864 TI - [Contribution of industrial hygienists to the realization of the Food Program]. PMID- 6667865 TI - [Industrial hygiene and the health status of plasterers and painters in the construction industry]. PMID- 6667863 TI - Quantification of characteristic blood-flow parameters in the vessels of the retina with a picture analysis system for video-fluorescence angiograms: initial findings. AB - Fluorescence angiograms of the retina were performed on 12 healthy, adult subjects between the ages of 20 and 52 years with a 30 degrees fundus camera (C. Zeiss), a low-light TV camera and a video recorder. Characteristic blood-flow parameters for the retina were obtained from the video recording using the picture-analysis system (Mikrovideomat 3, C. Zeiss). These included: the arm retina time (ART), the arteriovenous passage time (AVP) and the arterial contrast medium velocity (ACMV). Normal values for these parameters were derived for the four retinal quadrants and then discussed. In addition, the filling characteristics of venules were measured and discussed. PMID- 6667866 TI - [Adaptation and compensation as qualitatively different states]. PMID- 6667867 TI - [Data on the experimental toxicology of silver and the establishment of the maximum allowable concentration for its compounds in the air of a work area]. PMID- 6667868 TI - [Morphofunctional status of the formed elements of the blood in rats subjected to different variants of combined and isolated exposure to BR-1 benzene]. PMID- 6667869 TI - [Potentials for carbocromen uptake via the skin]. PMID- 6667870 TI - [Electromyographic manifestations of hypodynamic disorders of the neuromuscular system during reflexotherapy]. PMID- 6667871 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the dust factor in the operation of the K-10 experimental coal cutter-loader]. PMID- 6667872 TI - [Effect of the sulfate ion on the course of yellow phosphorus poisoning in an experiment]. PMID- 6667873 TI - [Possibility of predicting worker morbidity in the manufacture of reinforced concrete products]. PMID- 6667874 TI - [Toxicological characteristics of imidazoline derivatives]. PMID- 6667875 TI - [Toxicological characteristics of the new amine hardening agents UP-605/1R and UP 605/3R]. PMID- 6667877 TI - [Information from the Soviet Toxicology Center]. PMID- 6667876 TI - [Determination of dicyandiamido in the air in the hygienic evaluation of polymeric materials and during their manufacture]. PMID- 6667878 TI - Etiopathogenesis of tumors and theories of oncogenesis. PMID- 6667879 TI - [Maturation of the ovarian follicles in women with preserved menstrual cycles]. PMID- 6667880 TI - [Experiences and observations of 80 women using the Spider Cu intrauterine contraceptive device for 2 years]. PMID- 6667881 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of primary microcephaly]. PMID- 6667882 TI - Current practice in diagnosing the abnormal fetus. PMID- 6667883 TI - [Lead, cadmium, zinc, iron and zinc protoporphyrin in the blood of parturients and newborn infants from regions contaminated with heavy metals]. PMID- 6667884 TI - [Serum progesterone concentration and urinary excretion of pregnanediol during treatment of endometriosis with medroxyprogesterone]. PMID- 6667885 TI - [Premature labor among women working in special care departments. I. Commuting to work]. PMID- 6667886 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of X-linked hydrocephalus]. PMID- 6667887 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis in families of carriers of balanced chromosome aberrations]. PMID- 6667888 TI - [Human milk; components, immunological properties and the problems of milk banks]. PMID- 6667889 TI - [Removal of a foreign body from the uterine cavity using a hysteroscope]. PMID- 6667890 TI - [Psychological aspects of gynecology. II. Gynecological examination from the psychologist's viewpoint]. PMID- 6667891 TI - A comparative study of postnatal growth and organ development in some species of birds. AB - An hypothesis has been formulated stating that the rate at which postnatal growth proceeds is at least partly determined by the distribution of growth between different organs. In order to test the hypothesis a series of studies of organ growth has been undertaken in some birds with widely varying growth rate capacities (geese, quail, turkeys, fieldfares and jackdaws). With regard to nidifugous birds the data show that the growth pattern of the goose, a species which has a high growth rate capacity, is characterized by a rapid early development of the digestive organs and the liver whereas that of the quail and the turkey, species which have low growth rate capacities, is characterized by a rapid early development of the pectorals and the feathers. The growth pattern of the nidicolous species, the fieldfare and the jackdaw which also show high growth rate capacities, is similar to that of the goose. These results are in close agreement with the hypothesis. PMID- 6667892 TI - Modeling the growth pattern of premature infants. AB - A model for the accretion of weight of premature infants from birth to hospital discharge has been studied for goodness of fit and other qualities. The model has been fitted to data for weight of 22 infants with typical growth patterns and to a full range of standard premature growth curves. It was found that the model fitted well to the data suggesting its value as an analytic tool in studies of premature growth. PMID- 6667893 TI - Caudal fin abnormality and growth and survival of channel catfish. AB - From 109 egg masses of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) artificially incubated in the summer of 1981, the fry hatched from 6 egg masses showed some forms of tail abnormality. The morphological deviations from normal fish were classified as tailless, partially-tailed, and triple-tailed (three-lobed). Relative frequencies of these phenotypes varied within and among full-sib families. Absence or partial absence of caudal fin was associated with spine structure abnormalities and severe growth depression. Triple-tailed fish were comparable in tank growth to normally-tailed fish but were superior in cage growth. An association between low hatchability scores and caudal fin abnormality was observed which should be taken into consideration in any breeding program. Differences in body pigmentation was associated with differences in growth of tailless and partially-tailed catfish. Normally pigmented tailless were comparable in body weight to partially-tailed fish. Tailless albinos were, however, inferior in body weight and total length to partially-tailed albinos. Normally pigmented fish were consistently superior to abnormally-tailed fish, regardless of skin pigmentation. PMID- 6667894 TI - Improvements to the mathematical description of prenatal growth. AB - The exponential form of growth was used to describe prenatal growth in mouse, rat, guinea pig, swine, sheep, cattle and man. Instantaneous growth rate was permitted to vary as a function of time and, in litter bearing species, number of fetuses. Models for which instantaneous growth rate decreased linearly in time had a tendency to overestimate fetal weight from mid-gestation until midway through the last trimester of pregnancy and subsequently, underestimate fetal weight. When instantaneous growth rate varied as a quadratic function of time, a more accurate and precise prediction of fetal weights resulted. PMID- 6667895 TI - Major nutritional problems of children in Nigeria and possible solutions--Anambra State experience. AB - Seventeen towns in Anambra State, Nigeria were investigated with a view of identifying some of the existing nutritional problems of children in Nigeria. Information on nutritional status and demographic data were obtained by visiting the primary schools, maternity homes and the child welfare centres. House to house visits were also made. A total of 3406 children (0-17 years) were seen. Analysis of data revealed among other things, a high incidence of malnutrition as judged by weight for age measurements according to the Harvard Standard Values. Thirty per cent of the 3-year olds and 20% of the older girls and boys were severely malnourished. Poor earning power, poor management of money, food and poor methods of food preparation and high cost of foods were major causes of malnutrition in urban and rural areas. Economic development had in general led to an improvement in nutrition, but reliance on the economic growth in Anambra State however, would not significantly cut the very great differences in the standard of living. Many malnourished children came from the poorest sectors of the society which are likely to benefit only slowly from an increase in the average standard of living. A more realistic approach may be gradual introduction (from a few schools) of free school milk with snack or hot school lunch programmes in Anambra State. PMID- 6667896 TI - Intradaily variation of the human lower leg length and short term growth--a longitudinal study in fourteen children. AB - In order to detect the intradaily variation of the lower leg length in fourteen children the right lower leg length was determined using a non-invasive lower leg length measuring device at three set times of each day during a study period of three weeks. The mean standard error of the determinations amounted to 0.04 mm. As far as the whole group was concerned the lower leg length decreased significantly during the time interval from 8.00 hours to 12.00 hours. (Friedman's related samples test, p less than 0.01). The decrement amounted to 0.6 mm. During the rest of the day the changes in the lower leg length were not significant. A consistent decrement of the lower leg length during the day in combination with a total growth of 1.08 mm. during the three week study period suggested that growth in length of the human lower leg occurs during the night. PMID- 6667897 TI - Variation in growth hormone, triiodothyronine (T3) and lipogenic enzyme activity in broiler strains differing in growth and fatness. AB - Developmental changes in body weight, lipid deposition, growth hormone (GH) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentration and lipogenic enzyme (malic and citrate cleavage) activity from day one through 42 days of age were examined in three strains of broilers. The three strains from diverse genetic backgrounds had been similarly selected for growth rate and a preliminary investigation had shown strain 2 to be faster growing and fatter than strains 1 or 3. In the present experiment, day one body weights did not differ between strains but by 14 days of age, strain 2 birds were heavier than those in strains 1 and 3. By 42 days, body weights were similar for strains 1 and 2 but were greater than strain 3. Percent carcass fat did not differ between strains before 28 days of age. At 28 and 42 days, strain 2 had a higher percent body fat than strains 1 and 3. Females grew slower, but deposited more carcass fat than males. Plasma T3 levels did not differ between strains until 42 days of age when strain 2 had higher T3 levels than strains 1 or 3. Males of all strains had higher T3 levels than did females. The slower growing strain 3 had significantly elevated GH levels compared to the faster growing strain 2, while GH concentration of strain 1 was intermediate to the other strains. Males had greater GH levels from 14 to 42 days of age compared to females. There were no consistent strain or sex differences in lipogenic enzyme activity. The temporal patterns of enzyme activity were similar between strains and sexes. PMID- 6667898 TI - Effects of exogenous thyroxine and growth hormone on satellite cell and myonuclei populations in rapidly growing rat skeletal muscle. AB - We have examined the independent and combined effects of thyroxine (T4) and bovine growth hormone (bGH) on postweaning growth, satellite cell proliferation and accumulation of myonuclei in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in rats. Daily subcutaneous injections of T4 (1.5 micrograms/100 g BW), but not bGH (.25 IU/100 g BW) or T4 + bGH, resulted in elevated incidence of satellite cell nuclei and satellite cells per muscle fiber in transverse thin section, and a significantly (p less than .05) higher percentage of satellite cell nuclei and percentage satellite cells as a percentage of all muscle nuclei in transverse thin sections after one week of injections. The higher incidence of myonuclei per muscle fiber in transverse section in T4 injected rats at the end of the injection period (p less than .05) was interpreted to be the result of a higher concentration of satellite cells exhibiting normal or elevated mitotic activity during the early part of the injection period. The higher incidence of myonuclei per fiber was not caused by an increased mean fiber cross-sectional area in T4 injected rats. These histological observations relative to T4 injections were not accompanied by significantly greater weight, DNA content or estimates of total satellite cells per EDL muscle after either one or three weeks of hormone injections. These studies support the premise that T4 may be directly involved in the regulation of satellite cell proliferation and myonuclei accumulation, however, they do not support the premise that growth hormone exerts a similar influence during early muscle growth and development. PMID- 6667899 TI - [Systemic therapy of vulvovaginal mycoses]. PMID- 6667900 TI - [Clinical and histologic results in repeated questionable cytologic findings of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 6667901 TI - [Optimal operation mode for uterine cancer]. PMID- 6667902 TI - Optimal efficiency of human platelet shape changes. AB - The light scattering extinction coefficients and kinetic rate constant(s) for the disc to sphere and the sphere to (smaller) 'spiny sphere' shape changes induced in platelets by saturating amounts of ADP are compared at 31, 37 and 41 degrees C. Platelets exhibit optimum efficiency at 37 degrees C, as judged by not only the rates of the shape changes but also by alterations in the overall sizes and shapes of the three platelet forms. Unstimulated (discoid) platelets appear to be flatter at 37 degrees C, the disc to sphere reaction appears to be impaired at other than 37 degrees C, and the pseudopodia which characterize the final spiny sphere may be more prominent at 41 degrees C. PMID- 6667903 TI - Molar antithrombin concentration in normal human plasma. AB - Crude, commercial thrombin preparations and purified bovine thrombin were incubated with normal human reference plasma and the amount of thrombin inactivated was calculated. 1 ml of human plasma inactivated 140-193 NIH U of the various crude thrombin preparations. In the presence of heparin, a lower thrombin inactivating capacity of plasma was confirmed using crude thrombin, but this phenomenon was less pronounced with the purified thrombin preparation. The molar concentration of the purified bovine thrombin was determined by active site titration. Comparing with protein concentration (A280), this preparation was 92% pure. 1 ml of human plasma inactivated 2.57 mumol of thrombin in the absence of heparin, and 2.50 mumol with heparin. Assuming 1:1 stoichiometry in the thrombin antithrombin reaction, these results suggest that the concentration of antithrombin in the pooled reference plasma is approximately 2.57 mumol/l or 0.15 g/l. PMID- 6667904 TI - Human antithrombin III heterogeneity: a study by isoelectrofocusing and crossed immunoelectrofocusing. AB - Isoelectrofocusing was carried out in the LKB Multiphor apparatus with pH 4-6.5 carrier ampholines using polyacrylamide gel slabs. Specimens of purified antithrombin III (AT-III), normal plasma and serum were isoelectrofocused. Microheterogeneity was shown by three preparations of purified AT; the protein was separated in at least six bands, three large bands were located in the pH range 4.9-5.2, one intermediate band at pH 4.85, other thinner bands were located in the pH range 4.55-4.80. The microheterogeneity of AT-III was confirmed in purified preparations as well as in plasma and in serum by crossed immunoelectrofocusing. The pattern of purified preparations, normal plasma and serum were very similar; only minor, quantitative differences were noticed. Plasma from a patient with congenital AT-III deficiency showed an abnormal pattern. PMID- 6667905 TI - Effects of FUT-175, a new synthetic protease inhibitor on endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in rats. AB - The effects of FUT-175 (6-amidino-2-naphthyl-4-guanidino benzoate dimethanesulfonate), a new synthetic protease inhibitor, on endotoxin-induced experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were studied in rats. Experimental DIC was induced by a 4-hour sustained infusion of endotoxin at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The rats were infused continuously with FUT-175 at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg/kg into a femoral vein for 4 h. Simultaneously with the agent infusion, endotoxin (100 mg/kg/4 h) was administered into the contralateral femoral vein. A protective effect against DIC was noted in the rats treated with 0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg of FUT-175 in the following parameters: fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products, fibrinogen level, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count and the number of renal glomeruli with fibrin thrombi. These results demonstrated that FUT-175 reduces the extent of changes of the coagulation parameters caused by DIC. PMID- 6667906 TI - Contribution of the haematocrit to the bleeding time. AB - Bleeding time, platelet count and haematocrit were performed in 64 normal, anaemic and polycythaemic subjects with normal renal function and platelet counts over 100 X 10(9)/1. There was a significant inverse correlation between the bleeding time and haematocrit (r = -0.47) and an inverse correlation of the haematocrit and platelet count (r = -0.46). We suggest that the effect of the haematocrit on the bleeding time could explain the shorter bleeding time in men compared to women, and the shorter bleeding time in subjects with arterial disease, in whom an increased haematocrit is commonly found. PMID- 6667908 TI - Dielectric properties of murine lymphocytes. AB - Dielectric measurements in frequency range from 0.032 up to 110 MHZ were performed on the suspension of lymphocytes isolated from the spleen of Balb/c mouse. Basing on measurements of electric capacitance (C) and electric conductance (G) of lymphocyte suspension and on the simplified Pauly-Schwan equations the following electrical parameters of lymphocytes were calculated: relative electrical permittivity of the intracellular substance (epsilon i = 136) electrical conductivity of the inner phase (intracellular substance) (kappa i = 8.94 mS/cm), specific capacitance of cell membrane (CM = 0.82 microF/cm2). Relative electrical permittivity of the membrane (epsilon s = 4.6) has also been calculated. Two of those quantities (epsilon i = and kappa i) additionally determined by means of empirical dependences. The value of epsilon i and kappa i were respectively 125 and 8.79 mS/cm. All those measurements were taken at temperature amounting to 293 K. PMID- 6667907 TI - Diminished osmotic and chemically induced haemolysis of human erythrocytes following exposure to contrast media molecules. AB - Radiocontrast molecules (RCM) used in coronaroangiography and/or urography diminished their osmotic fragility when they were incubated for 30 min with human erythrocytes. The shift of the osmotic fragility curve towards lower NaCl concentration is related to the hypertonicity of RCM, but in addition, at a given osmolality (100 +/- 5 mosm/kg), RCM at the concentration of 4-10% v/v increase the resistance to osmotic lysis or even suppress it. Similar protection is observed towards erythrocyte lysis induced by a detergent (saponin), polyenic antibiotic (filipin) or non-polyenic cholesterol-specific agent (digitonin). The effect is (1) proportional to the amount of RCM present, (2) independent of hypertonicity of the molecule, and (3) related to the nature of acidic molecules. A weak insertion of RCM into the erythrocyte membrane is suggested since it was suppressed by a single washing of the cells. PMID- 6667909 TI - Lysosomal enzymes of neutrophils in women with breast cancer. AB - Activity of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase in peripheral blood neutrophils of 30 women with breast cancer has been studied by means of semiquantitative cytochemical methods. In comparison to 20 healthy women the patients showed an increased activity of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase whereas that of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was significantly lowered. It has been suggested that observed intracellular enzymatic deficiency is of importance with regard to lowered antitumor activity of neutrophils. Analogous deficiency of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase within the neutrophils has previously been observed by the authors in women with malignant tumors of reproductive organs. PMID- 6667910 TI - Histochemical investigations on phosphorylase, branching enzyme and glycogen in guinea pig livers in experimental anaphylactic and histaminic shock. AB - The investigations have been carried out on 116 guinea pigs divided in three groups: the control (first group), the experimental group with animals after acute anaphylactic shock (second group), the animals after histaminic shock (third group). The animals of the experimental (second) group were sensitized with 25% egg white suspension in 0.9% NaCl applied subcutaneously. The same animals were exposed to the action of the antigen in aerosol (second group). The healthy animals were exposed to the action of 1% solution of dihydrochloride histamine (third group). In acute anaphylactic shock a decrease of histoenzymatic activity of phosphorylase A and branching enzyme in liver parenchyma was observed. It has been concluded that in anaphylactic shock there occurred disturbances in the function of the phosphorylase A--branching enzyme system. In histaminic shock the phosphorylase reaction becomes intensified in numerous liver cells. This is possible because the exogenic histamine may lead to the activation of the enzymatic system under studies. PMID- 6667911 TI - Effect of x-rays on spermatogenesis in inbred strains of mice. AB - The effect of x-ray irradiation with doses of 0.5 Gy and 3 Gy on the number of the spermatozoa and the structure of seminiferous tubules in the inbred strains of mice KE, KP, CBA/Kw and C57/Kw was investigated on the 28th day following irradiation. Differences in the radiosensitivity between the studied strains were found. C57/Kw males revealed the highest resistance to x-rays as manifested by the absence of significant differences in the number of the spermatozoa and the relative frequency of tubules at stages VII-XII of the spermatogenetic cycle between control animals and those irradiated with 0.5 Gy. The same dose caused a decrease in the number of spermatozoa and altered the frequency of the particular stages in the other strains. Following irradiation with 3 Gy the number of spermatozoa in the C57/Kw strains declined but still was significantly higher than in the other strains. The latter dose brought about an inhibition of the spermatogenesis in all the studied strains to the extent of degeneration of the seminiferous tubules which contained no more than occasional spermatogonia. The percentage of such degenerated tubules in the C57/Kw strain was, however, as low as 14.5%, whereas it approximated 50% in the KE and KP strain. PMID- 6667912 TI - Genetic differences in mouse adrenocortical structure. AB - The adrenal structure was studied in three inbred mice strains: KP, KE, and CBA. In adult females the adrenal weight and size was higher than in males from the respective strains. It resulted from the higher adrenocortical volume in females, from the higher volume of particular adrenocortical zones and from the presence of an undegenerated x-zone. In the KE females the x-zone deserves a particular attention because of its unusual morphology, different from that observed in females from the other strains. Significant differences were found between the investigated strains in the volume of particular adrenocortical zones, as well as in the number and size of the adrenocortical cells. The above differences were confirmed by the morphometric and sterereologic analysis using Weibel's method. PMID- 6667913 TI - Metabolic pathways of the fossil dinosaur bones. Part I. Vascular communication system. AB - The fossil dinosaur bones over 80 million years old were studied. Samples for examination were prepared with specially elaborated methods. Observations in the light and scanning electron microscope yielded images of the spatial distribution of vascular canals. Besides, the contents of these canals were isolated; the contents fully corresponded to the vascular network in dinosaur bones under study, this permitted the morphological assessment of the vascular system. In the dinosaur bone, independently of its type, i.e. whether it was primitive e.g. plexiform, or Haversian , two blood inflow tracts were distinguished: the main, primary tract running from the marrow cavity, and the secondary tract departing from the periosteum. Examinations made with the use of an X-ray microanalyzer corroborated the essential importance of the tract running from the marrow cavity, revealing the presence of the same material (iron) in the wall of the marrow cavity and in the vascular canals closely connected with this part of the cavity. The bone was found to contain the axial vascular canals, whose course was parallel to the long axis of the bone, and the anastomosing canals perpendicular to them and thereby to the long axis of the bone. The system of the interlinked canals of the two types bounded the bone mass into a prism. The osseous space restricted by these canals was defined as the functional bone area, undoubtedly functionally subject to the control of the surrounding vessels. The spatial system of the functional bone areas was more orderly and these areas were markedly smaller in the primitive, plexiform bone than in the Haversian bone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6667914 TI - Ultrastructure of colonic endocrine cells in ulcerative colitis. AB - Endoscopic specimens of colonic mucosa from 40 ulcerative colitis patients were investigated. Specimens were taken from both sexes patients, aged 16-74 (means = 41 years). An average number of 5 biopsies was examined in each patient taken 10, 20, 40, 50 and 80 cm from rectum. Material was divided into 3 groups: 1. histologically confirmed ulcerative colitis (CU), 2. clinical diagnosis of CU in remission-histologically non specific inflammation, 3. functional disorders of the large bowel-histologically normal colonic mucosa. The latter was a control group. Biopsies were fixed in glutaraldehyde, postfixed in osmium tetroxide. Ultrastructural examination was performed on Epon sections in Tesla BS-500 electron microscope operating at 60 kV. A Lausanne classification of endocrine cells was used in the study. The most common were EC cells, followed by PP, D1 and L respectively. In the first group of patients damaged endocrine cells were more commonly observed. These destructive changes were: vacuolisation of cytoplasm, degranulation and discharge of endocrine granules into intercellular space and degradation of the entire cells. PMID- 6667915 TI - [Effect of destruction of nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis of rat medulla oblongata on morphine analgesia]. AB - It was confirmed that the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (NRGC), including the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis (NRPG), was a highly sensitive site in the production of morphine analgesia by the micro-injection technique (ED50 = 8.5 ng/rat). The NRGC of SD male rats (280-350 g) was bilaterally lesioned by direct current (0.5 mA for 40 sec). The body weight was decreased by NRGC destruction, while no abnormality in motor activity was observed in NRGC destructed rats. The size of lesion was decreased in relation to the days after operation. The size of the destructed area immediately after operation was about 30% of the NRGC area. Morphine analgesia was estimated by tail pinch and hind paw pressure tests. No change in control pain threshold was produced by NRGC lesioning. Morphine analgesia due to 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg s.c. were depressed almost equally be NRGC lesioning, and depression % was 60-70%. Time course of the morphine effect in NRGC-destructed rats was similar to that in sham operated rats. The degree of depression of morphine analgesia by NRGC lesioning was dependent on the extent of NRGC lesioning, i.e., the more the destructed area of NRGC was extended, the more the morphine analgesia was depressed. Reduction of morphine analgesia in rats in which the position of destruction had deviated from the NRGC was smaller than that in rats in which the destruction was exactly at the NRGC. These results suggest that the NRGC, including the NRPG, plays an important role in morphine analgesia. PMID- 6667916 TI - Antimicrobial properties of some plant extracts against bacteria. AB - Plant extracts obtained from Feronia limonia (leaves) Xanthium strumarium (flowering twigs) and Glossocardia bosvellia (leaves) were tested for their antimicrobial properties against certain bacterial species. Feronia leaf extract was ineffective on Bacillus pumilus and X. campestris, Vibrio cholerae was found quite sensitive to this extract. The extract of X. strumarium showed an abnormality with V. cholerae, where the inhibition exceeded the control with established antibiotics. Similarly, G. bosvellia caused maximum inhibition in Bacillus mycoides. PMID- 6667917 TI - Cross-reactivity of human and a putative pig IgD. Pig IgD-like molecules as serum and lymphocyte components. AB - Proteins of pig serum and splenocytes which were isolated on immobilized guinea pig antibodies against human IgD were characterized by SDS-PAGE. In both cases the main isolated components possessed several properties nearly identical with those of human IgD: molar mass of the components and their chains, and susceptibility of the heavy chains, light chains, the chymotryptic peptide maps of the chains, and susceptibility of the heavy chains, the chymotryptic peptide maps of the chains, and susceptibility of the heavy chains in the native molecule to trypsin digestion. These IgD-like components not adsorbed on immobilized normal guinea-pig IgG. We suggest that the components of pig serum and splenocytes cross-reacting with highly specific antibodies against human IgD represent candidates for pig IgD. The percentage of the IgD-like molecules on the surface of pig splenocytes labeled with the antibody against human IgD was similar to the percentage of splenocytes bearing all immunoglobulins. Therefore, we suggest that IgD-like molecules were occurring on the surface of cells mostly together with molecules of another immunoglobulin class. PMID- 6667918 TI - The appearance of an IgD-like molecule on pig lymphocytes during ontogeny. AB - An IgD-like molecule was found on the surface of pig fetal lymphocytes using guinea pig anti-human IgD antisera and indirect immunofluorescence. The binding of antiIgD antisera could be specifically inhibited with human IgD. Surface IgD like molecules were found later in ontogeny than surface IgM (after about 70 d of gestation in the spleen). There is evidence for their endogenous origin. The number of lymphocytes bearing IgD-like molecules rapidly increased during ontogeny. PMID- 6667919 TI - Passage of foreign proteins across the intestinal wall of newborn rabbits. AB - Foreign proteins penetrate across the wall of rabbit jejunum takes place within the first eight hours after birth. Sensitization by foreign protein (cow's milk protein) during early postnatal ontogeny is the cause of death of artificially fed germfree rabbits at the age of 21-23 d. PMID- 6667920 TI - [Dying and death in a neurologic clinic--experiences of a clergywoman over a 1 1/2-year period]. AB - Basing on the specific situation of concrete participation by a clergywoman in everyday routine in a neurological department, especially in the fields of medical care and nursing, on-target possibilities arise which can contribute towards helping dying persons in a clinic in mastering their problem. Several cases are described, resulting in listing 15 aspects enabling a change in the basic approach to dying on the part of the dying person himself and his relatives, and, last but by no means least, the hospital medical and nursing staff. PMID- 6667921 TI - [Psychosomatic personality structure--fact or fiction?]. AB - This article describes the different approaches to explaining psychosomatic disease according to the gradual scientific development of this concept in the course of medical history. Whereas Freud and also some of the later psychoanalytical authors considered psychosomatic disease as a special form of neurosis, recent efforts are directed at working out a specific psychosomatic personality structure which can be differentiated against that of the neurotic or psychotic personality. Besides the concept of the "infantile personality" formulated as early as 1948 by Ruesch in respect of the psychosomatic patient, specific characteristics of a psychosomatic personality have been outlined during the sixties by a French working team as part of a concept which they called "operative thinking"; independent of this development, American authors have also defined such specific characteristics under the designation "alexithymia". The central aspect of these definitions concerns a disturbance of affective perception and of the ability to psychic or affective working-over. The critical discussion of these approaches is carried out both on a theoretical and on a methodical empirical level. Basing on an empirical study conducted by the author himself, methodical drawbacks of previous studies are discovered and pointed out. PMID- 6667922 TI - [Repetitive phenomenona in the spontaneous speech of aphasic patients: perseveration, stereotypy, echolalia, automatism and recurring utterance]. AB - Repetitive phenomena in spontaneous speech were investigated in 30 patients with chronic infarctions of the left hemisphere which included Broca's and/or Wernicke's area and/or the basal ganglia. Perseverations, stereotypies, and echolalias occurred with all types of brain lesions, automatisms and recurring utterances only with those patients, whose infarctions involved Wernicke's area and basal ganglia. These patients also showed more echolalic responses. The results are discussed in view of the role of the basal ganglia as motor program generators. PMID- 6667923 TI - beta-D-Mannosidase from human placenta: properties and partial purification. AB - beta-D-Mannosidase was partially purified (108-fold) from human placenta by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography, gel filtration and hydroxylapatite chromatography. Further attempts to purify the enzyme by several conventional methods failed due to loss of activity. The stability of beta-mannosidase, the effect of several compounds on its activity and some physico-chemical and kinetic parameters were investigated. PMID- 6667924 TI - Electrophoretic investigations of acid-stable proteinase-inhibitory activity in human serum. AB - By means of a sensitive semiquantitative electrophoretic technique involving tryptic digestion of immobilized casein embedded in agarose gel, the acid-stable proteinase-inhibitory fraction of human serum was shown to consist of two fractions with alpha 1- and prealbumin mobility, respectively. The prealbumin like migrating inhibitor (pA-PI) was previously thought to be the only inhibitor present in the acid supernatant. The pA-PI was demonstrated in native serum as well, but was not recovered quantitatively upon acid precipitation. Using antibody-containing intermediary gels pA-PI was shown to react with inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor antibodies, whereas the alpha 1-inhibitor reacted with alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor antibodies. The pA-PI activity was compared to serum levels of creatinine and C-reactive protein using a limited number of patients. The inhibitor level was clearly increased in patients with high serum creatinine and in some cases of high concentrations of C-reactive protein in the serum. Only small amounts of pA-PI were detected in sera of healthy people. PMID- 6667926 TI - Novel structure elucidation strategy for genetically abnormal fibrinogens with incomplete fibrinopeptide release as applied to fibrinogen Schwarzach. AB - A novel and simple strategy was developed for the structure elucidation of those genetically abnormal fibrinogens in which thrombin is unable to release fibrinopeptide A from the abnormal molecules. The method provides evidence for the Arg leads to Cys exchange at the C-terminus of the fibrinopeptide A sequence. The abnormal fibrinogen was mercaptolysed and then S-amino-ethylated. Upon thrombin digestion, the modified fibrinogen released new peptides, as shown by high-performance liquid chromatography. The amino-acid analysis proved that these peptides correspond to the expected fibrinopeptide A variants. It was therefore concluded that the analysed case of dysfibrinogenemia, designated Fibrinogen Schwarzach, contains an A alpha 16 Arg leads to Cys exchange in the heterozygous form. PMID- 6667925 TI - Snake Venoms. Purification, some properties of two phospholipases A2 (CM-I and CM II) and the amino-acid sequence of CM-II and Bitis nasicornis (horned adder) venom. AB - Two phospholipases A2, CM-I and CM-II, were purified from Bitis nasicornis venom by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on CM cellulose. Both enzymes comprise 119 amino acids, including 12 half-cystine residues. The primary structure of CM-II has been elucidated. The sequence and invariant amino-acid residues of CM-II resemble those of phospholipases A2 from other venoms of Viperidae and Crotalidae (Group II) snake venoms. CM-I and CM-II both contain a single histidine residue which is probably located at the active centre (histidine-47). CM-II are relatively non-toxic. PMID- 6667928 TI - [Guaranteeing the health of workers]. PMID- 6667927 TI - Shape and stability of fibronectin in solutions of different pH and ionic strength. AB - At low ionic strength (0.05 M) the sedimentation coefficient of monomeric plasma fibronectin was found to vary from 8S, at pH 3 and 11, to 13.5S at neutral pH. The lower s20,w value indicates a stretched arrangement of the value indicates a stretched arrangement of the two arms of the molecule which was observed in most electron microscopic studies. The higher value is consistent with a still very asymmetric but more condensed shape, which is probably brought about by back folding and interactions between chain segments of different net charge. A model of this internal association is based on the finding that segments of rather different isoelectric points alternate along the fibronectin chains. A similar pH dependence was observed for a 140-kDa fragment from the middle region of fibronectin which carries segments of low and high isoelectric points at its ends. At high ionic strength (0.35 M) the pH dependence of the sedimentation coefficients was less pronounced and intermediate s20,w values were found. This is expected when both repulsive and attractive interactions are weakened by the electrolyte. It was verified by circular dichroism spectra that the protein was not denatured at pH 3 or 11. Thermal transition curves revealed a destabilization at pH 3 but the thermal denaturation occurred well above 20 degrees C at which the pH dependence of the solution shape was studied. PMID- 6667929 TI - Participative approaches towards work safety and health. PMID- 6667930 TI - [Exhibit-conference in Italy: Health education at the work place]. AB - An "exhibit-conference" was held at the University of Rome (November 1982) to review the teaching material used in connection with the prevention of occupational diseases and safety measures at the workplace. The Italian model calls for the workers' direct participation in all questions related to their health. At first, workers were simply taught how to avoid certain gestures which might cause an accident. More recently, multinational firms have used more sophisticated criteria, based on new scientific disciplines such as ergonomics. The environment, nowadays, is being taken into account and the legislation is becoming more specific. In this context, new teaching techniques are being developed based on the dramatization of potential situations. Trade Unions have also created their own material based on a common language to address workers and technicians, a collective method of analysis of the environment of the workplace, a behavioural methodology to tackle priorities. One hundred thousand copies of a course published in Turin, in 1969, by the metal workers' union have been distributed. The course has a twofold merit: it is operational and the workers play a prominent role in analysing situations and in advising how working conditions can be transformed. In small workshops, in agriculture and in services most workers are not given any information on how to protect their health. PMID- 6667931 TI - Women and occupational health risks. AB - A growing number of women work today outside their homes. In the last twenty years, the percentage of women in the total labour force has increased in North America from 24.2 to 33.7 per cent and in Europe from 29.3 to 32.2 per cent. Reliable figures are not available for developing countries. The trend, however, is known to be the same. This situation has prompted WHO's Regional Office for Europe to convene a working group on "Women and occupational health risks". The meeting took place in Budapest (Hungary) on 16-18 February, 1982. Whereas guidelines for employment of women have been laid down in various conventions and recommendations of the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the working group examined health problems encountered by women at the workplace, particularly those arising from their exposure to toxic chemicals and physical, biological, psychosocial and ergonomic factors. PMID- 6667933 TI - Theoretical approaches of intervention in industrial settings. PMID- 6667932 TI - [Health problems of workers in the Americas]. AB - Most of the problems concerning the health of the workers in developing countries exist in Latin America : rapid urbanisation, dearth of information on the risks the workers face, intensification of efforts to increase returns. The geographic situation of a country also has its importance: working conditions are more difficult in tropical climates. Over populated, poor districts increase the danger of transmission of infectious diseases. Loneliness, a change in the mode of life are an incentive to alcoholism. The vast majority of Latin American workers are employed in small workshops. In Puerto Rico, 90 per cent of them work in firms employing less than fifty people. It is precisely in these small workshops that health problems are the most serious. The publication of laws to protect health is not sufficient, education campaigns must be organized at all levels: government officials, trade-unions, entrepreneurs and the workers themselves. Education programmes to protect the health of the workers must include the prevention of new risks due to environmental conditions. Health education is essential to protect and improve the health of the workers in Latin America. PMID- 6667934 TI - Death education as a component of health education in the United States: a status report. PMID- 6667937 TI - A study of size, distance, height, and frequency effects on manual handling tasks. PMID- 6667936 TI - Breast examinations : routine service in the primary health care clinic. PMID- 6667935 TI - New policies for health education in primary health care. PMID- 6667938 TI - The psychophysical approach in manual lifting--a verification study. PMID- 6667939 TI - An isoinertial technique to assess individual lifting capability. PMID- 6667940 TI - An ergonomics approach for the design of manual materials-handling tasks. PMID- 6667941 TI - A comparison of intraabdominal pressure increases, hip torque, and lumbar vertebral compression in different lifting techniques. PMID- 6667943 TI - Volitional postures during maximal push/pull exertions in the sagittal plane. PMID- 6667942 TI - Biomechanical stresses as related to motion trajectory of lifting. PMID- 6667944 TI - Maximum frequencies acceptable to males for one-handed horizontal lifting in the sagittal plane. PMID- 6667945 TI - Effects of locus of control and task complexity on prospective remembering. PMID- 6667946 TI - Exercise stress testing in coronary heart disease. PMID- 6667947 TI - Value of computerised ST-integral analysis in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. PMID- 6667948 TI - Collagen types in normal and atherosclerotic human aorta. PMID- 6667949 TI - Electrolyte excretion pattern of normal and hypertensive. PMID- 6667950 TI - Cardiovascular response to isometric stress (handgrip) in patients with essential hypertension before and after antihypertensive therapy with propranolol or alpha methyldopa. PMID- 6667951 TI - Permanent pacemaker infections: their characterization and management--a 15-year experience. PMID- 6667953 TI - Echocardiographic features of right sinus of valsalva aneurysm ruptured into the right ventricle. PMID- 6667952 TI - The porcine heterograft cardiac valve for mitral valve replacement. PMID- 6667954 TI - Cortriatriatum dexter and associated aortic regurgitation. PMID- 6667955 TI - Surgical treatment of Bland, White, Garland syndrome. PMID- 6667956 TI - Post-traumatic nonhaemorrhagic cardiac tamponade: a rare clinical entity. PMID- 6667957 TI - Left sided cervical aorta arch. PMID- 6667959 TI - [Freeze-fracture study of intercellular junctions in basal cell epithelioma]. PMID- 6667958 TI - Assessment of cardiovascular function class. PMID- 6667960 TI - [Symptom questionnaire and alopecia areata]. PMID- 6667961 TI - [Alopecia areata in children]. PMID- 6667962 TI - [Role of collagen in the wound healing process. Clinical experimentation of a dressing of non-homologous sterile collagen]. PMID- 6667963 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in hair subjected to cosmetic treatment]. PMID- 6667965 TI - [Association of malignant thymoma, pemphigus and multiple cutaneous parasitic infections]. PMID- 6667964 TI - [Epidermodysplasia verruciformis in 2 Syrian brothers]. PMID- 6667966 TI - [A case of uncombable hair]. PMID- 6667967 TI - [Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome]. PMID- 6667968 TI - [Psoriasis of the face with the appearance of micropapulosis]. PMID- 6667969 TI - [Apocrine adenocarcinoma of the eyelids]. PMID- 6667970 TI - [Apocrine tubular adenoma]. PMID- 6667971 TI - [Eyelid reconstruction in a case of basocellular epithelioma of unusual dimensions]. PMID- 6667972 TI - [Basocellular epithelioma of the inferior eyelid border. Personal technic for repairing loss of substance]. PMID- 6667974 TI - Studies on murine splenocyte migration in vitro: effects of energy modifiers. PMID- 6667973 TI - Macrophage function in high- and low-responder strains of mice. AB - Unstimulated peritoneal macrophages of the high-responder A/J mice compared to the low-responder B10 strain have a lower number of cells with the different Fc receptor (FcR) subtypes and correspondingly the FcR mediated phagocytosis is also lower. The intraperitoneal immunization with SRBC leads to a prompt increase of FcR expression and of phagocytic and pinocytic activity in the A/J mice, while in the B10 strain the activity of macrophages remains unchanged. PMID- 6667975 TI - Role of testosterone in maintenance of motility & fertilizing ability of spermatozoa in isolated epididymis of castrated rats. PMID- 6667976 TI - Pregnancy associated protein pattern of rabbit uterine secretions. PMID- 6667977 TI - Effect of malathion & DDT on the action of chlorpromazine & diazepam with reference to conditioned avoidance response in rats. PMID- 6667978 TI - Effect of guanethidine on spontaneous & evoked release of norepinephrine from isolated perfused rabbit heart. PMID- 6667979 TI - Hyperthyroid induced changes in adrenergic receptor status in guinea pig vas deferens. PMID- 6667980 TI - Further studies on the production of dengue virus-induced macrophage cytotoxin. PMID- 6667981 TI - Transcuticular uptake of methyl glucose by Setaria cervi. PMID- 6667982 TI - Inefficiency of underfed rat to execute hormonal message for pregnancy maintenance. PMID- 6667983 TI - Density gradient fractionation of antibody forming cells. PMID- 6667984 TI - Modulation of delayed hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes by niridazole. PMID- 6667985 TI - Skin-sensitizing allergen in the adults of Ascaridia galli. PMID- 6667987 TI - Effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on epithelial tumor induction in methylcholanthrene injected Swiss albino mice. PMID- 6667986 TI - Localization of nucleolus organizing regions on chromosomes of the hanuman langur, Presbytis entellus entellus (Dufresne), & the bonnet monkey, Macaca radiata. PMID- 6667988 TI - Differential androgen requirements of proximal & distal vas deferens of albino rats & possible potentiation of androgen action by ascorbic acid. PMID- 6667990 TI - Origin of white tigers at Nandankanan Biological Park, Orissa. PMID- 6667989 TI - Effect of NiCl2, CoCl2 & cycloheximide on microsomal drug metabolism & ALA synthetase during thiodemeton toxicity. PMID- 6667991 TI - In vivo distribution & action of emetine on protein synthesis in hamster tissues. PMID- 6667992 TI - Susceptibility, chemotherapeutic reaction & immunological response of rat & mouse to Hymenolepis nana--a comparative study. PMID- 6667993 TI - Studies on dengue virus-induced cytotoxic factor. PMID- 6667994 TI - Surface area of asbestos dusts in relation to hemolysis of mammalian erythrocytes & macrophage adherence. PMID- 6667995 TI - Hormonal regulation of plasma thyroxine level in a murrel Channa punctatus (Bloch). PMID- 6667996 TI - Effect of diethylcarbamazine on skin test & antibody response. PMID- 6667998 TI - Induction of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase & cytochrome P-448 in hepatic microsomes by jute batching oil. PMID- 6667997 TI - Biological properties of 1,2-trans-1-(p(beta-pyrrolidinoethoxy)phenyl)-2-phenyl-5 meth oxyindane (compound E-1487): a new non-steroidal post-coital antifertility agent. PMID- 6667999 TI - Encystment of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni in non-nutrient inorganic media. PMID- 6668000 TI - Influence of extracellular ions on cardiotonic effects of BDPU [1-(butyl-3 (1 (6,7 dimethoxyquinazoline 4-yl) piperidine 4-yl) urea)]. PMID- 6668001 TI - Organic nutrients & catabolite repression of encystation of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni. PMID- 6668002 TI - Coagglutination technique for identification of Salmonella. PMID- 6668003 TI - Frogs as natural reservoirs of Salmonella. PMID- 6668004 TI - Lipid profile of the brush border membrane of Giardia infected mice. PMID- 6668005 TI - Passive bacterial agglutination--a new sensitive technique for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. PMID- 6668006 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of the effects of tolciclate & clotrimazole on Trichophyton rubrum. PMID- 6668007 TI - Alkaline & acid phosphatase levels in some dermatophytes & their electrophoretic spectra. PMID- 6668008 TI - Spatial distribution of infected Haemaphysalis nymphs in the epizootic localities of Kyasanur forest disease. PMID- 6668009 TI - A case study of Aedes aegypti prevalence by settlement types in Dehu town group of Maharashtra State. PMID- 6668010 TI - Percutaneous fulgarization of vas. PMID- 6668011 TI - Sickle cell gene in the Mina tribal population of Kherwara tehsil of Udaipur district in Rajasthan. PMID- 6668012 TI - A preliminary report on cell-mediated immunity in brain tumour patients. PMID- 6668013 TI - A simple strip method for detecting bilirubin in urine. PMID- 6668014 TI - Ontogeny of electrical activity of hypothalamic feeding centres in normal & malnourished developing rats. PMID- 6668015 TI - Mechanism of sodium nitroprusside induced neuromuscular block & its influence on skeletal muscle relaxants. PMID- 6668016 TI - Evidence for the involvement of central muscarinic cholinergic & H2-histaminergic receptors in morphine induced hyperactivity in the mouse. PMID- 6668017 TI - Potentiation of the psychotropic effect of chlorpromazine by metoclopramide. PMID- 6668019 TI - Aspergillus in bronchial asthma. PMID- 6668020 TI - A study of carcinoid tumours of gastro-intestinal tract. PMID- 6668021 TI - Cysticercosis in Madurai. PMID- 6668018 TI - Clinico bacteriological study of pyoderma. PMID- 6668023 TI - Pathology of hyaline membrane disease in neonates. PMID- 6668022 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in diabetes mellitus by phytohaemagglutinin transformation and sheep erythrocyte rosette test. PMID- 6668024 TI - Proliferative myositis (a pseudosarcomatous lesion of skeletal muscle) occurring in an infant. PMID- 6668025 TI - Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome--an autopsy report. PMID- 6668026 TI - Giant cell tumour of phalangeal bones (a report of 4 cases and review of literature). PMID- 6668027 TI - Exterogestate growth: relationship with maternal body size and dietary intakes. PMID- 6668028 TI - Trauma in childhood--past and future. PMID- 6668029 TI - A prospective follow-up of siblings in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 6668030 TI - Indigenous automatic peritoneal dialysis unit. PMID- 6668032 TI - Amniotic fluid composition in abnormal pregnancies. PMID- 6668033 TI - Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity in health and infections of infancy. PMID- 6668031 TI - Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection--radiological features. PMID- 6668035 TI - Leprosy among primary school children. PMID- 6668034 TI - A longitudinal study of low birth weight babies. PMID- 6668036 TI - Non toxic goiter in children and adolescents. PMID- 6668037 TI - Seizures--how long to treat? PMID- 6668038 TI - The challenge of research in infant nutrition and gastroenterology in the next decade. PMID- 6668039 TI - Chronic constipation in infants and children. PMID- 6668040 TI - Intrapericardial teratoma--a case report. PMID- 6668041 TI - Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip and palate (EEC)--a rare syndrome. PMID- 6668042 TI - Modulators of experimental carcinogenesis. Proceedings of a symposium organized by the IARC and the All-Union Cancer Research Center of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. Moscow, 28-30 June 1982. PMID- 6668043 TI - Host natural resistance and experimental carcinogenesis. PMID- 6668044 TI - A system of tissue integration and predisposition to spontaneous tumours. PMID- 6668045 TI - Influence of ethanol on some host reactions in the early stages of N-nitrosamine carcinogenesis. PMID- 6668046 TI - Role of the organism in formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine. PMID- 6668047 TI - Factors that facilitate the development of spontaneous bone tumors in dogs. PMID- 6668048 TI - Cell microenvironment and carcinogenesis in vivo and in vitro. AB - Normal cells of many types are located in vivo and in vitro at the boundary between the two compartments of their microenvironment: between the noncellular surface (artificial substrates and cell-made matrices) and the humoral medium. Altered reactions to both these parts of microenvironment and to neighbouring cells are characteristic of neoplastic cells. Due to deficient spreading on the substrate and to decreased anchorage-dependence of growth, neoplastic cells become less demanding in their requirements for the noncellular substrate. These data obtained in vitro suggest that neoplastic cells in vivo may be less specific in their territorial requirements than are normal cells. Formation of promoting territories, that is, of boundaries between the humoral medium and abnormal non cellular matrix, may play an important role in many types of carcinogenesis. In particular, capsules around implanted plastic films can be regarded as promoting territories for proliferation of neoplastic cells at the early stages of foreign body carcinogenesis. The role of local changes in tissue environment in carcinogenesis and, in particular, the importance of stromal factors, were advocated many years ago by such investigators as Ribbert, Fischer-Wasels, Bogomolez, Orr and others. The study of this problem is now gaining new momentum, due mainly to recent advances in the understanding of interactions of normal and neoplastic cells with their environment in cultures. In the first part of this communication I summarize briefly some conclusions obtained in studies in vitro. In the second part, I discuss the possible role of environmental changes in certain types of carcinogenesis in vivo, and especially in foreign body carcinogenesis. PMID- 6668049 TI - Neurotropic pharmacological influences in experimental carcinogenesis. PMID- 6668050 TI - Alterations in carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes induced by hormones during the process of carcinogenesis. AB - The effects were studied of hydrocortisone and 1-triiodothyronine on the activity of the key enzymes of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and the glucose phosphate pathway in the liver, during the process of hepatocarcinogenesis induced in male Wistar rats and C3HA mice by N-nitrosodiethylamine. It was found that the effects of hydrocortisone and of thyroid hormone depend on the time of administration of the carcinogen and on the stage of the carcinogenic process in the liver. The effect of hormones on the enzymes studied decreased with the development of tumours in the liver. PMID- 6668051 TI - Role of mitotic activity in target tissues in N-nitrosodiethylamine carcinogenesis. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship between cell proliferation in different tissues (liver, lung, spleen, forestomach) and tumour development in C3HA mice treated with a single dose of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA). Cell proliferation was modified by treatment with carbon tetrachloride and dexamethasone in different combinations. Nine experimental groups of mice (total, 454) were studied within 56 weeks. DNA synthesis was determined by liquid scintillation and autoradiography. The mitotic index of tissues was also determined. A close relationship was found between cell proliferative activity in liver and hepatoma incidences; also, long-term proliferation was more effective than short-term, apart from very intensive regeneration of liver at the moment of NDEA administration. Lung tissue of C3HA mice was most sensitive to the action of a single dose of NDEA, and pulmonary tumours were seen frequently in treated animals, independent of the level of cell proliferation in the lungs at the moment of NDEA administration. The results indicate that cell proliferation probably plays different roles in carcinogenesis, but first favours tumour development in tissues that are less sensitive to the direct action of a carcinogen or its metabolites. PMID- 6668052 TI - Significance of spatial and temporal dysfunction exhibited by enhanced running activity in hippocampally-lesioned rats. AB - The present work is designed to study the role of Hippocampus in the control of circadian running activity of rats subject to discrete lesions in ventral hippocampus and having free access to the cues namely food, water, male rat and female rat provided in maze-cum-activity cage indigenously prepared for recording open field behavioral activities. The study was done with 8 male adult albino rats. Those in which lesion was confirmed to be located in antero-ventral hippocampus, exhibited marked increase in running activity with disruption of running activity pattern. There was increase of drive towards socio-sexual cues which were non-rewarding under the present experimental set up. The animals in which lesion was located in posteroventral hippocampal areas showed slight increase in the activity but without disruption of circadian running activity nor was there any significant change in the drive. The functional dissociation observed in present study is believed to be due to involvement of fimbrial/fornical system in the lesion process and therefore responsible for disruption of circadian running activity as well as increase of the running activity in hippocampally-lesioned animals. The present work emphasises the importance of Hippocampus-septum-hippocampus feedback loop in controlling relative time, functioning as internal "stop watch" thus providing a temporal reference and detecting phase relation during activity. Interruption of this loop in hippocampally-lesioned rat probably leads to failure to inhibit inappropriate responses and failure to discriminate rewarding and non-rewarding cues. PMID- 6668053 TI - Bioavailability of sulfathiazole from flocculated and deflocculated suspensions and its implications. AB - Flocculation is commonly used to stabilize pharmaceutical suspensions. Flocculated and deflocculated suspensions of sulfathiazole were administered to healthy human volunteers. Bioavailability from these two types of suspensions was studied from urinary free drug excretion. Bioavailability was significantly lower from flocculated suspensions. The study indicates the necessity of studying all flocculated drug suspensions for bioavailability data. PMID- 6668055 TI - Effect of selenium dioxide on the testes of rat. AB - Selenium dioxide was administered (ip) to albino male rats (200 +/- 5 g) in increasing doses (2, 6 and 10 micrograms/rat, daily) for 90 days. Histologic and histometric study showed that there was dose dependent injury to testes. No cellular deformation was observed following 2 micrograms-dose; whereas 6 micrograms-dose caused significant damage of gametogenic cells. At a dose of 10 micrograms, there was a significant testicular degeneration along with testicular atrophy. PMID- 6668054 TI - In vitro effect of certain compounds on the lysosomal release of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - From studies on the release of acid phosphatase and B-glucuronidase, it was observed that quercetin, a vitamin P like compound and ascorbic acid stablise while dehydroascorbate, acetoacetate and B-hydroxybutyrate labilise the leukocytic lysosomes in vitro. These effects were compared with chloroquine and progesterone, known stabiliser and destabiliser, respectively. The possible mode of lysosomal labilisation by ketone bodies and dehydroascorbate has been suggested. PMID- 6668056 TI - Effect of an oral contraceptive on serum phosphohexose isomerase activity. PMID- 6668057 TI - Side effects of a traditional indigenous drug-Kutaja (Holarrhena antidysenterica) PMID- 6668058 TI - Hypoglycaemic activity of an indigenous drug (Gymnema sylvestre, 'Gurmar') in normal and diabetic persons. PMID- 6668059 TI - Effect of Allium cepa (onion) on immune response in rabbit. PMID- 6668060 TI - Effects of scorpion venom on monoamine oxidase activity in the cockroach tissues. PMID- 6668061 TI - On the use and abuse of drugs. PMID- 6668062 TI - Drug abuse-social problem as perceived in rural community--a sociological study in border districts of Punjab. PMID- 6668063 TI - Non-tuberculous bacterial flora of sputum in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6668064 TI - Mycobacterium tuberculosis humanis causing zoonotic tuberculosis among cattle. PMID- 6668065 TI - Lead in drinking water. PMID- 6668066 TI - Incidence of taeniasis in man. PMID- 6668067 TI - The use of moxalactam in the treatment of serious infections due to multi resistant organisms. AB - Moxalactam was evaluated as the sole therapy of 45 episodes of infection in 41 patients due primarily to bacteria resistant to older antibiotics. Infections included bacteremias, pulmonary, skin and soft tissue infections, osteomyelitis, and meningitis. Clinical and bacteriological cure was achieved in 69% of infections. Cure was achieved with moxalactam in patients infected with cefazolin resistant, carbenicillin-resistant, chloramphenicol and gentamicin-resistant organisms. Although adverse reactions were generally mild, diarrhea developed in five patients, a major increase in prothrombin time and bleeding in three patients and a disulfiram reaction in two patients. PMID- 6668068 TI - Endocarditis due to a penicillin-tolerant streptococcus bovis: microbiological findings and echocardiographic follow-up. AB - We are presenting a case of endocarditis due to a penicillin-tolerant Streptococcus bovis in a 65-year-old patient. The minimal bactericidal concentration of penicillin (40 mg/l) was more than 100-fold the minimal inhibitory concentration (0.08 mg/l). The MBC of penicillin was 0.31 mg/l in the presence of 1.25 mg/l gentamicin. Cross-sectional echocardiography revealed endocarditis of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve and a vegetation on the aortic valve which appeared to be pedunculated and which prolapsed into the left ventricular outflow tract during diastole. During therapy, the pedunculated part of the vegetation disappeared without signs of embolization. After initial clinical improvement, the patient died of cerebral bleeding caused by a mycotic aneurysm of the left median cerebral artery. The patient's final outcome suggested an asymptomatic embolus. Cross-sectional echocardiography was distinctly superior to M-mode echocardiography in estimating changes in the size and shape of the valve vegetation. The results of the post-mortem examination of the aortic and tricuspid valves corresponded to the echocardiographic findings. PMID- 6668069 TI - Kingella kingae meningitis with bilateral infarcts of the basal ganglia. AB - Kingella kingae was isolated for the first time from the cerebrospinal fluid in a 21-month-old Caucasian girl with stomatitis and meningitis. A computed axial tomogram of the brain showed changes compatible with bilateral infarction of the basal ganglia. Ampicillin and chloramphenicol treatment was effective. PMID- 6668070 TI - Brucellosis: difficulties in diagnosis and a report on 38 cases. AB - We have reviewed 38 patients with brucellosis who were admitted to the Chaim Sheba Medical Center between 1955 and 1977, i.e. during a 23-year period. The clinical manifestations varied greatly. Diagnosis was easy when brucellosis was suspected, as in cases presenting with fever of unknown origin. In nine of the 38 cases diagnosis was difficult and delayed for several weeks since brucellosis was not suspected. Some of these cases will be described in detail. The diagnosis was established in 16 patients by isolating Brucella melitensis and in the other 22 by serological tests. There were no relapses in the 26 patients treated with a combination of streptomycin and tetracycline; two of the 12 patients treated with tetracycline alone relapsed. Brucellosis should be considered when clinical manifestations are puzzling. PMID- 6668071 TI - Brucellosis in spouses and the possibility of interhuman infection. AB - This paper deals with a Brucella infection in a laboratory worker and his wife. The diagnosis of brucellosis was proved by isolating Brucella melitensis, biotype 2, from blood cultures and by the standard serum agglutination test. In the absence of any alternative epidemiologic information, the authors consider this case to be an example of interhuman infection. PMID- 6668072 TI - Pharmacokinetic properties of the new cephalosporin antibiotic HR 810 in animals. AB - The pharmacokinetic profile of HR 810 was investigated in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs and monkeys. High blood resp. serum levels were achieved following subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injection, and half-lives ranged from 20 min in mice to 89 min in rabbits. The compound was well distributed in the body and penetrated tissues and body fluids to a high degree. While large amounts of the antibiotic were recovered in the animals' urine, the recovery rate in bile was very low. These good pharmacokinetic properties, together with its high antibacterial activity, open the way for the evaluation of HR 810 in humans. PMID- 6668073 TI - "Endotoxicity" of the Lyme disease spirochete. PMID- 6668074 TI - Pneumococcal cellulitis. PMID- 6668075 TI - Social and temporal bases of self-evaluation in the elderly: theory and evidence. AB - With what standards do the elderly evaluate their abilities, and do these standards differ from those used earlier in the life cycle? As in other stages of the life cycle, two forms of information are important in making self-evaluations social comparison and temporal comparison. Social comparison refers to comparisons with other persons to gauge one's relative standing, while temporal comparison refers to comparisons of one's present performance with past performances on similar tasks to gauge improvement or deterioration. This study proposes that temporal comparison standards are used more by the elderly than social comparison standards and that this represents a reversal of the tendency found earlier in life. Social, cognitive, and physical reasons for this shift in the manner in which important abilities and traits are evaluated are discussed. Relevant empirical research, which supports the hypothesis, is reviewed. Finally, we discuss how the present hypothesis has an important implication for understanding self-esteem and morale in the elderly. PMID- 6668076 TI - Specificity and substitution in the social networks of the elderly. AB - A set of hypotheses is developed with regard to the way that life cycle, cultural, and structural factors serve to delimit and specify the psychological desires satisfied through interaction with the various categories of others in an elderly person's social network. A second set of hypotheses focuses upon the extent to which the absence of the social category of persons most relevant for the satisfaction of a particular desire can be compensated for by persons from another category. Data are presented which largely support both sets of hypotheses. The findings point to the importance of diversity in the social networks of the aged. Although some substitution of relationships may take place, in the present study no one type of relationship, whether with a spouse, adult children, siblings, confident friends, or organizational acquaintances, was able to satisfy all three of the psychological desires considered. PMID- 6668077 TI - Differential aging: an exploratory approach using cluster analysis. AB - This article uses cluster analysis to identify different patterns of personal resources within a random sample of the well, elderly population. Ten such patterns or natural groupings are identified and their implications for coping and successful aging are discussed. It is apparent that there are a number of ways both of aging well and aging badly, and that these patterns cannot be predicted solely on the basis of structural data. The article poses a number of questions on the performance of cluster members over time and draws attention to the importance of longitudinal data. PMID- 6668078 TI - Informal support resources for vulnerable elderly persons: can they be counted on, why do they work? AB - The issue of informal support system resiliency is analyzed for approximately 700 vulnerable elderly persons in a variety of communities (e.g., urban age segregated housing, ethnic urban age-integrated community, rural age-integrated, etc.). These samples, while geographically specific, are diverse, and a case can be made for generalizing the conclusions originating in this study to the larger population of vulnerable elderly persons in this country. There is a reexamination of the following questions: 1) Do informal support systems generally exist for vulnerable elderly persons; 2) Are significant levels of help being given by these helpers? An examination is also made of the following questions: 1) Can we depend upon these informal systems to continue to provide care now being given, and to respond to new needs that may arise in the future; 2) How is this helping behavior initiated? Within this study, the vulnerable elderly persons were generally found to have informal support systems characterized by active communication. The central role of the informal system is the transmittal of knowledge. Network members pick up information about the individual in regular ongoing communication of a noninstrumental character, interpret this information, act in ways that are responsive to the individual's needs, and are generally prepared to continue to act as new needs arise. PMID- 6668079 TI - Is reminiscence adaptive? Relations among social activity level, reminiscence, and morale. AB - Although it is widely believed that reminiscence is adaptive during later life, research on the psychological benefits of reviewing the past has yielded inconsistent findings. In the present study, forty women between the ages of sixty-four and eighty-eight whose reminiscences had been elicited through a structured interview provided information regarding both their morale and level of social activity. The pattern of interrelations among measures of reminiscence, morale, and activity level do not support prevailing views of the adaptive significance of reminiscence. Specifically, reminiscence was not found to be positively related to morale or negatively related to activity level, nor was it found to mediate between activity level and morale. In general, the findings indicate that recalling the past is a correlate of, rather than a substitute for, social activity. PMID- 6668080 TI - Ultrastructural effects of cadmium on the rat epididymis. AB - The short-term effect of a subcutaneous injection of 3 mumol of cadmium chloride/100 g body weight were examined 90 min later in male rats. The main target of cadmium, as shown by electron microscopy, was the endothelial lining of capillaries of the caput epididymidis. Intercellular junctions between endothelial cells were disorganized, ranging from slight separation between cytoplasmic leaflets to wide gaps which communicated freely with the pericapillary tissue. Disruption of platelets and intravascular clotting followed these early endothelial lesions, and clotting was found in venules as an extension of clotting from the capillaries. Pre-treatment with zinc (300 mumol zinc chloride/100 g body weight) prevented all of the lesions described above. PMID- 6668081 TI - The role of a non-androgenic testicular factor in the process of testicular descent in the dog. AB - Previous experiments with orchidectomized foetal and neonatal dogs have shown that the testis can induce outgrowth as well as regression of the gubernaculum testis and consequently, govern both the first and second phases of testicular descent. The aim of this study was to test whether it was possible to prevent the effects of orchidectomy on the gubernacular reaction and on epididymal migration by the administration of testosterone or by auto-transplantation of testicular tissue. In dogs, orchidectomized during foetal life and supplemented with testosterone, gubernacular regression was not completely prevented, and some descent of the remaining epididymis was obvious. However, the descent was less than in normal, intact animals. In dogs orchidectomized neonatally and supplemented with testosterone, the gubernacula showed normal regression and an almost normal descent of the epididymis. In dogs orchidectomized neonatally and supplemented with an auto-transplant of testicular tissue into to the scrotum, normal gubernacular development and normal epididymal descent were observed. We concluded that together with an unidentified non-androgenic testicular factor, testosterone from the testis appears to play a role in the outgrowth phase of the gubernaculum and consequently, in the first phase of testicular descent. In addition, testosterone was found to induce gubernacular regression in the second phase of testicular descent. PMID- 6668082 TI - A systematic study of biochemical differences between the lobes of the rat prostate. AB - The present study constitutes a systematic search for biochemical parameters which could be used to monitor the isolated function of various prostate lobes and accessory sex glands in the rat. Various parameters were measured in the 105 000 X g supernatants of the ventral, lateral and dorsal prostate lobes, and in the coagulating glands and seminal vesicles. These included spermine, citric acid, acid phosphatase, fructose and zinc, as well as the pattern of proteins in both cytosols and secretions, which were determined using one dimensional SDS, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results suggest that several parameters can be used including: Ventral lobe--spermine or prostatein; Lateral lobe--zinc or a 15 000 dalton protein; Dorsal lobe--spermine or a 60 000 dalton protein; and coagulating gland--fructose. PMID- 6668083 TI - Effects of bromocriptine on pituitary-testicular function in the rat: possible inhibition of in vitro production of androgen by Leydig cells. AB - The effect of bromocriptine (BR) on pituitary-testicular function has been investigated in vivo and in vitro in adult male rats. Testosterone production in vitro by collagenase- dispersed Leydig cells from 84-day-old rats was evaluated in the presence and absence of hCG and/or different doses of BR. In the presence of 1.5 X 10(-5) M BR, both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone production were decreased whereas at lower doses BR was ineffective. In vivo 60-day-old rats were injected sc with BR (150 micrograms/rat or 750 micrograms/rat twice daily) or vehicle for 24 days. This treatment reduced the plasma level and pituitary content of prolactin, slightly increased the plasma levels of LH and FSH but did not affect pituitary gonadotrophin content. Irrespective of the dose of BR injected, plasma levels of androgen did not change, but with the large dose of BR a decrease in testicular content of testosterone (P = 0.05) was observed. In the same animals the number of LH/hCG receptors was significantly reduced, and the sensitivity of the isolated Leydig cells to hCG stimulation in vitro was reduced; however, both the basal secretion and the maximum testosterone response to hCG were unaffected. These results show impairment of pituitary-testicular function in BR-treated rats, either as a result of BR-induced hypoprolactinaemia or as a consequence of direct effects of BR on the Leydig cells. PMID- 6668084 TI - A simple automated method for determination of citric acid levels in semen. AB - An automated enzymatic method for determination of seminal citric acid by using an Abbott ABA-100 bichromic analyzer is presented. The technique recommended in this communication is a rapid and simple micromethod which does not require semen deproteinization and which has been optimized to provide satisfactory precision and accuracy. PMID- 6668085 TI - Analysis of tritiated water vapor by non-volatile liquid scintillant sorbent. AB - The quantitative analysis of tritiated water vapor in air was investigated by sorption into a non-volatile liquid scintillant solution sorbent of silicone oil. The activity of the beta-ray from the sorbed tritiated water vapor, 10(-7) microCi/mL in air, was directly measured with the help of the scintillator solution which also served as the sorbent. It was found that the variation of the partial vapor pressure of tritiated water in air was proportional to the sorbed amount in the liquid scintillator sorbent from the vaporized tritiated water. The relation was also expressed as a sorption isotherm equation and was compared to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm supporting the suggested adsorption by solid adsorbent. PMID- 6668086 TI - Preparation and characterization of [99mTc(DMPE)2X2]+, X = Cl, Br (DMPE = 1,2 bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane). AB - The preparation of "no-carrier-added" [99mTc(DMPE)2X2]+ (X = Cl, Br) in greater than 95% radiochemical purity, suitable for in vivo evaluation as a myocardial imaging agent, is described. Reaction parameters that lead to the formation of the desired products, as well as those that lead to the formation of the major impurities, are delineated. These 99mTc species are characterized by HPLC using the known 99Tc analogs as standards. Myocardial images obtained in mongrel dogs with [99mTc(DMPE)2X2]+ (X = Cl, Br) are briefly discussed. PMID- 6668087 TI - Vial effect and background subtraction method in low-level tritium measurement by liquid scintillation counter. AB - Counting efficiencies of individual Teflon vials used in low-level tritium measurement by a liquid scintillation counter were investigated. The efficiency observed was fairly varied among vials in spite of being prepared in the same way. And the plots of the efficiency vs the external standard ratio give a straight line. More detailed investigation showed that this vial quenching and chemical quenching are simultaneously corrected by an external standard ratio. On the basis of the above results an appropriate background subtraction method is proposed. PMID- 6668088 TI - Preparation and purification of omega-(p-123I-iodophenyl)-pentadecanoic acid. AB - A method for the preparation of 123I iodinated omega-phenyl-pentadecanoic acid (PPA) and a two-step separation of the o- and p-isomers is described. 98% pure p iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid is obtained within 3 h. PMID- 6668089 TI - [99mTc]Ca-phytate: some colloidal characteristics related to the optimal preparation conditions. AB - Some physico-chemical characteristics of the colloidal radiopharmaceutical [99mTc]Ca-phytate related to optimal preparation conditions have been studied. It is demonstrated that the Ca2+-phytate stoichiometry is 6:1. Two different Ca phytate colloids seem to be formed, mainly depending on the Ca2+:phytate molar ratio--one of low mycelar size for a 1:1 Ca2+:phytate molar ratio (cmc = 5.10(-5) M), and another one, with a higher mycelar size for a 6:1 molar ratio (cmc = 8.10(-5) M). This last one it probably better for providing a good quality splenic uptake. PMID- 6668090 TI - Serum vitamin E levels in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - 27 patients with chronic renal failure, 21 patients on chronic intermittent dialysis treatment and 27 healthy controls were tested for serum level of vitamin E estimated spectrophotometrically. Both patient groups had significant higher mean values (12.1 +/- 1.2 and 7.2 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml respectively) in comparison with normal controls 4.6 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml). No correlation was found to serum creatinine, hematologic values, protein and lipoprotein concentration, nor to mode and duration of treatment regimes. Vitamin E was not extracted from blood throughout dialysis. Under normal conditions of conservative or dialysis treatment of chronic renal failure patients vitamin E seems not to be a factor concerning uremic symptoms and there is no need for supplementation. PMID- 6668091 TI - Characteristics of the cellulose triacetate membrane for hemofiltration. AB - The Permeation characteristics of the cellulose triacetate membrane used for hemofiltration were studied and compared with other commercially available sheet type membranes. The critical solute fractionation profile of the cellulose triacetate membrane was very similar to that of a glomerular basement membrane. The cellulose triacetate membrane showed a typical gel concentration polarization with a protein solution; however, the surface of the membrane is considered to be relatively homogeneous for permeation based on the relation between fluxes of the protein solution and saline: the flux of the protein solution is not much less than that of saline. This result differs from that observed with other membranes. Because of these desirable characteristics the cellulose triacetate membrane is considered to be suitable as a membrane for a hemofiltration system. PMID- 6668092 TI - Effects of serial resin hemoperfusion in fulminant hepatic failure. AB - Resin hemoperfusion using an albumin coated Amberlite XAD-7 column was performed in 19 patients in coma due to fulminant hepatic failure. The procedure was clinically well tolerated, with good blood compatibility, platelet and white cell levels being 97.3 +/- SE 3.2% and 105 +/- 3.8% of the respective initial values after four hours hemoperfusion. No significant changes were observed in beta thromboglobulin, screen filtration pressure, plasma electrolytes, calcium, protein or albumin. The total plasma bilirubin fell by a mean of 24 mumol/l, with a reduction in 21 of the 25 perfusions studied of up to 104 mumol/l during perfusion. Mean plasma levels of total bile acids were 137 +/- 19 mumol/l and 115 +/- 16 mumol/l respectively before and after four hours hemoperfusion. The amount of bile acids recovered by elution of the resin column was over three times greater than that apparent from the change in plasma levels. Column chromatography on Sephadex G-25 of material eluted from the resin column showed various peaks to be removed, including substances in the middle molecular weight range (1000-5000 daltons). Of the patients treated, eight (42%) survived to leave hospital. PMID- 6668093 TI - Technical and clinical aspects of cascade filtration plasma exchange (CFPE). AB - Cascade filtration plasma exchanges (CFPE) were realized using an hemofiltration system (HFS) coupled to 2 filters with different pore sizes. The first one (F1 = plasma-separator; Asahi plasmaflo HI-05) separates plasma from whole blood, the second one (F2 = plasma filter; Asahi XK-60, Kuraray EVAL 2A or 4A) filtrates high molecular weight (MW) components from the separated plasma. F2 filtrate returns to patient mixed with blood cells and 4% Albumin solution or Plasmion R replacing plasma discarded (about 0.5-0.8 I for 1-1.5 plasma mass (PM) treated). The HFS is able i) to modulate the different pressures (venous pressure, F1 and F2 transmembrane pressures (TMp] using pumps speed variators, ii) to recirculate and concentrate extracted plasma and iii) to know F2 treated PM. Blood pressure, pulse rate and electrocardiogram were monitored during each CFPE session. Nineteen CFPE were performed for 8 patients selected among our PE indications, this selection taking into account presence or not of risk factors linked to disease e and/or to patient. Anti-histamine drugs were always infused before CFPE session. On a biological point of view, the problem lies into F2 selectivity which is relatively good for low (as Albumin) and high (as IgM) MW molecules which are returned to patient or discarded, but should be improved for the intermediate ones (as IgG). On a technical point of view, the plasma substitute quantity is reduced about six times. But the control of F2 TMp is not perfectly and the PM to be treated has to be investigated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6668094 TI - Treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis with plasma exchange. Seven cases. AB - Seven patients, 4 women and 3 men afflicted with severe progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) were treated with Plasma Exchange after failure of different other treatment. All patients presented Raynaud phenomenon and arthritis, 6 patients presented extensive skin lesions, 5 of them digestive manifestations, 3 pulmonary fibrosis. In one case PSS was associated with polymyositis, one patient presented bilateral recurrent cornea ulcerations, (Sjogren Syndrome++) and one patient numerous skin ulcerations. In 5 patients adjuvant corticosteroid therapy was given during the course of PE. In 3 patients PE must be stopped after one or two sessions because of insufficient venous access. Among the 4 other patients 8 to 20 PE were performed: the patient with cornea ulcerations became blind during the treatment, skin ulcerations and severe Raynaud phenomenon did not improved in two other patients. Benefit of PE was noted in only one patient with regressive myositis, and improvement of articular and cutaneous symptoms. Therefore, PE are not useful in most patients afflicted with PSS, they are difficult to realize in numerous patients and did not improve clinical symptoms in most cases. PMID- 6668095 TI - Preparation of phosphate-containing dialysate for use in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6668096 TI - Continuous perineural infusion of bupivacaine for prolonged analgesia: pharmacokinetic considerations. AB - The pharmacokinetic parameters for 50 patients undergoing continuous extravascular perineural bupivacaine infusions for the treatment of their chronic pain were studied. The total plasma clearance (CL), volume of distribution (Vz), and elimination rate (lambda z) were estimated from two blood samples. These parameters were compared to values obtained from the actual mono-exponential decay curve at the termination of infusion. Estimated and actual pharmacokinetic parameters were found to be in excellent agreement. No evidence of accumulation was seen even after 5 days of continuous infusion. Steady states (Css) were found to be independent of the infusion site. This study demonstrates a wide margin of safety during continuous perineural bupivacaine infusions at dosages used in our study, e.g., up to 30 mg/h in normal patients. Such patients do not require determination of serum bupivacaine concentration to monitor the changes in dosages necessary for adequate clinical effect. On the other hand, in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction, altered clearance rates are expected. In such patients, monitoring of serum bupivacaine concentrations is necessary to determine the range of dosages available for adjustment to provide adequate clinical effect and prevent systemic toxicity. This study demonstrates that two blood samples drawn at 3-5 h after the start of infusion and at steady state are sufficient to accurately determine the clearance rate for a patient. Safe management is then possible using this clearance to calculate the range of dosages permissible for that patient during continuous perineural infusion. Steady-state concentrations estimated from clearances were found to be in excellent agreement with the steady-state concentrations actually measured for a given infusion rate. PMID- 6668097 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of furosemide in children with nephrotic syndrome. AB - The pharmacokinetic disposition of furosemide has been investigated in seven children with nephrotic syndrome and in eight control children. Furosemide in plasma was analyzed by spectrofluorometry. After a single intravenous dose of furosemide (1 mg/kg body wt.) the nephrotic children showed lower initial plasma concentrations because of the larger volume of distribution. The mean half-life of furosemide in nephrotic children (38.5 +/- 7.8 min) was significantly longer than in the control group (28.0 +/- 7.7 min). The two groups did not differ in the body clearance of total furosemide. The average serum clearance was 4.95 +/- 1.7 ml/min/kg body wt. in the control group and 5.10 +/- 1.4 ml/min/kg body wt. in the nephrotic children. There was a significant reduction in urine sodium and distribution volume, whereas potassium excretion remained unchanged. PMID- 6668098 TI - Alteration of hepatic drug metabolism in female patients with congestive cardiac failure. AB - Antipyrine was used to assess the status of drug metabolism in ten female patients with congestive cardiac failure. Ten age-matched female subjects were used as controls. Patients showed a 40% increase in antipyrine plasma half-life (APH). Elimination constant (Ke) was decreased by 19% in patients as compared to controls. The area under the curve (AUC) was increased by 32% in the patient group. The routine liver function tests did not show any significant alteration in the patients. Increase in APH and AUC and decrease in Ke suggest impaired hepatic drug metabolism in patients with congestive cardiac failure. PMID- 6668099 TI - Propranolol and renal hemodynamics at rest and during exercise. AB - The effects of long-term propranolol treatment on renal hemodynamics at rest and during submaximal physical exercise were evaluated in 15 mild-to-moderate essential hypertensive patients. After 3-month treatment propranolol induced a significant decrease at rest both of effective renal plasma flow (-17.1%) and glomerular filtration rate (-7.4%) and an increase of renal vascular resistances (+11.8%). These changes were irrespective of response to treatment, degree of beta blockade, age, or initial values of hemodynamic parameters. The beta blocker had an additive effect to physical exercise in reducing renal perfusion, but it did not induce any qualitative variation in the response of renal hemodynamics to exercise. PMID- 6668100 TI - Comparison of aminophylline and theophylline sustained-release formulations by their bioavailability and steady-state serum levels. AB - The absolute bioavailability of a new aminophylline sustained-release formulation (BY108) was determined. A crossover study was performed with drug intake under fasting conditions and after a standardized breakfast in order to investigate the effect of food on the absorption process. In addition, steady-state theophylline serum levels obtained after administering the new aminophylline formulation twice daily (corresponding to 386 mg anhydrous theophylline twice daily) were compared in a crossover study with those obtained from comparable doses of a commercially available theophylline sustained-release preparation (Theo-Dur, 400 mg anhydrous theophylline twice daily). Bioavailability of BY 108 was complete in reference to both the intravenous standard and Theo-Dur. The tolerance of BY 108 parallelled that of Theo-Dur and was good, considering the relatively high average dose of 10.4 mg/kg/day. PMID- 6668101 TI - Comparative bioavailability of two carbamazepine tablets. AB - The comparative bioavailability of two commercial carbamazepine tablets (Finlepsin and Tegretol) was investigated. In a single-dose study in eight healthy volunteers and in a multiple-dose study in five epileptic patients carbamazepine absorption from both drug products was shown to have the same extent and reliability. Despite a somewhat increased rate of absorption in Finlepsin, as regards the fit of the drug level in the therapeutic range under chronic treatment conditions, there was no difference between the two preparations. On the basis of these results we conclude that Finlepsin and Tegretol are bioequivalent drug products. PMID- 6668102 TI - Problems in pediatric otorhinolaryngic pathology, III. Teratoid and neural tumors of the nose, sinonasal tract, and nasopharynx. AB - The terminology, classification, and histopathologic features of teratoid and neural masses of the nasal area of children can be confusing. Definitions, clinical features, and histopathologic differential diagnoses are discussed. PMID- 6668103 TI - Subglottic stenosis in children. A management protocol plus surgical experience in 13 cases. AB - Subglottic stenosis in young children represents a formidable management problem. The role of radiological evaluation, endoscopy, endotracheal intubation, tracheotomy, decannulation and surgery in the overall approach to this group of patients is discussed. Experience with laryngotracheal reconstruction in 13 patients is related; decannulation was achieved in 11 children. In general, 3 types of surgical procedures for laryngotracheal reconstruction have been described in the literature. Surgery is indicated in a minority of children with persistent significant subglottic stenosis. Specific contraindications to surgery are delineated. Appropriate management of endotracheal tubes and avoidance of aggressive endoscopy will minimize the development of subglottic stenosis. PMID- 6668104 TI - Communication development in young children with long-term tracheostomies: preliminary report. AB - Communication development was studied in 77 subjects with long-term tracheostomies ranging in age from two months to 7 years. Children were categorized according to tracheostomy status (cannulated or decannulated), presence of speech practice prior to cannulation, and level of language development (prelinguistic or linguistic) at the time of decannulation. All were aphonic and consequently deprived of speech experience for extended periods while tracheostomized. Twenty-three children have been studied post-decannulation. Results for the children decannulated during the prelinguistic stage revealed that speech and language skills were attained commensurate with intellectual functioning. This evidence led to the conclusion that extensive, audible prespeech practice (cooing and babbling) was not needed for later spoken language development. All children decannulated during the linguistic stage exhibited specific spoken language delays including phonological impairment at the time of decannulation. The presence of speech practice prior to cannulation did not appear to be a factor in the severity of phonological impairment. The children who were cannulated for more lengthy time periods, extending into the linguistic stage, however, demonstrated more severe phonological impairment than those who were decannulated during the prelinguistic stage. With direct speech/language therapy, 20 of the 23 decannulated children eventually compensated for these difficulties, demonstrating appropriate spoken language skills. Alternative communication modalities were felt to be crucial in reducing communicative frustrations during cannulation. PMID- 6668105 TI - Foreign body in the airways of children. AB - During the years 1969-1981 57 children with inhaled foreign bodies in the tracheobronchial tree were treated at Turku University Hospital. Of the patients 91% had a history of foreign body inhalation and 25% had a radiopaque foreign body which was seen in the X-ray of the chest. In 9% of 57 patients a foreign body was found unexpectedly at bronchoscopy. The foreign body was removed by bronchoscopy from all the patients but one, who required a segmentectomy due to a fragment of a spike in the lung parenchyma. The patients presented no major complications, and they were all discharged from the hospital in good condition. PMID- 6668106 TI - The effects of recurrent tonsillitis on growth and cervical lymphadenopathy in children. AB - A group of 50 children between the ages of 4 and 10 years with a history of recurrent tonsillitis were compared with 50 age- and sex-matched controls. The latter group were recruited from out-patients with orthopaedic, ophthalmological or general surgical problems. The heights and weights of the two groups did not differ significantly. A difference in the incidence of cervical lymphadenopathy between the two groups was demonstrated, but this difference was relatively minor. Of the control children 70% had palpable lymph nodes in their necks. We conclude that none of the 3 factors are of much value in deciding whether or not a patient would benefit from tonsillectomy. PMID- 6668108 TI - Congenital thymic cysts in the neck. AB - Cervical thymic cysts are rare. Sixty-seven cases are reported in the literature up until 1982. Remnants of thymic tissue in the course of descent may lead to cystic development. The majority of the cases is found in males under 10 years of age, typically on the left side of the neck. The characteristic histological features are thymic tissue with Hassall's corpuscles and cholesterol clefts found in the cyst wall. A preoperative correct diagnosis has never been made. Typically, the templative diagnosis has been a common branchial cyst. An additional case of a thymic cyst is reported, here. Surgical removal was complicated by lesion of the vagal nerve, which has never been described, although the cysts are often adherent to the carotid sheath and vagal nerve. PMID- 6668107 TI - Aetiology and detection of congenital nasal deformities. AB - A total of 4724 newborns were screened for congenital nasal deformities with two simple tests which were performed by specialized nurses. Altogether 91 (1.9%) pathological cases were found. The parturients' external features and the course of the deliveries showed no differences from those of a control group, nor did the groups differ regarding features of the newborns. On the other hand, in the nasal deformity group, highly significantly (P less than 0.001) more cases of stuffy nose were found already during the first days after birth. In this study, no evidence of birth trauma as the cause of congenital nasal deformities was found. It is proposed that at least the majority of them originated during intrauterine life. The screening method was quite valid: every newborn who failed the screen tests showed some kind of nasal pathology and, on the other hand, those who passed had only minor deviations of the septum. PMID- 6668109 TI - Psychoactive drugs and stimulus analysis: I. The theoretical background and a model of affective disorders. AB - After a brief discussion of levels of explanation in psychopharmacology, evidence is reviewed which suggests that the lithium ion may produce behavioural effects by an action on information processing mechanisms. The clinical implications of such a view are noted. It is suggested that chlorpromazine may also affect stimulus analysis. A model of affective disorders, based upon the idea of stimulus analysis dysfunction, is then elaborated and suggestions are put forward concerning the relationships between different types of psychoactive drugs. PMID- 6668110 TI - Psychoactive drugs and stimulus analysis: II. The experimental distinction of stimulus processing and motor effects of drugs. AB - An experimental procedure is described which enables a distinction to be made between the effects of drugs on motor activity and stimulus analysis. The test is based upon the experimental modification of exploratory behaviour of rats. The psychological processes occurring in the test situation are discussed, and an experimental paradigm outlined which would enable drug effects to be evaluated on a number of psychological dimensions. The logic of the paradigm is illustrated with examples. PMID- 6668111 TI - Reliability analyses of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery summary, localization, and factor scales. AB - Split-half reliability estimates previously reported for the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) summary scales have been uniformly high, but their magnitude depends upon the method of item grouping for the half-tests compared. Coefficient alpha was employed in the current study as it gives the mean of all possible split-half values. Alpha reliability coefficients for the LNNB summary and localization scales remained consistently high in current analyses. Alpha reliability coefficients for the LNNB factor scales were quite variable, but most scales have adequate preliminary values for research work and clinical hypothesis confirmation. Four of six receptive speech factor scales were found to be unreliable. Reexamination of their underlying factor structure was suggested. PMID- 6668112 TI - Psychoactive drugs and stimulus analysis: III. Adjustment of behavioural measures for drug-induced memory effects and state dependence: the case of chlorpromazine. AB - Chlorpromazine is shown to have a suppressant effect upon stimulus analysis when given intraperitoneally as a 1 mg/kg dose to rats. The drug has no effects upon motor activity at this dose, but does impair short-term memory. These findings are based upon an examination of chlorpromazine in a newly-designed psychoactive drug classification test which allows adjustments to be made for drug-induced memory effects and for the influence of state dependence. The rationale for these adjustments to behavioural measures is presented in detail. PMID- 6668113 TI - Psychoactive drugs and stimulus analysis: V. The experimental discrimination of tranquilizing and sedative drugs. AB - Chlordiazepoxide, a tranquilizing (anxiolytic) agent, is compared with phenobarbitone, a sedative with some anxiolytic properties, in a behavioural drug classification test. It is shown that in the case of chlordiazepoxide there is a marked inhibition of stimulus analysis but little effect upon motor activity; phenobarbitone produces some suppression of stimulus processing but has an even more marked suppressant effect on motor activity. However, phenobarbitone is also found to affect memory formation and when corrections are applied to the data to take account of this factor, the classification profile of phenobarbitone is greatly modified. The findings are discussed in the light of a model of affective disorders and psychoactive drug action based on dysfunctioning of stimulus analysis mechanisms. PMID- 6668114 TI - Hemisphere specialization of the animal brain for information processing principles. AB - The experiments were performed on white rats. Different techniques for forming conditioned reflexes were used. Hemisphere cortex inactivation was carried out by means of spreading depression. The right hemisphere was shown to dominate for space perception, simultaneous information processing, concrete characteristics perception, and deductive processing; the left hemisphere was shown to dominate for time perception, successive information processing, abstract characteristics perception, and inductive processing. A hypothesis of induction and deduction being the main factors determining function lateralization in the hemispheres of the animal brain was put forward. PMID- 6668115 TI - Facial-affect recognition in normal preschool children and in senile elderly persons. AB - The performance of senile elderly persons and of young children was compared on an identical facial affect recognition test. The senile persons were disoriented with impaired recent memory. However, their neurological functioning in visual, perceptual, verbal, and motor processing required for the testing was intact. The children were divided into age groups of 3, 3 1/2, 4, 4 1/2, and 5. Pictures of happy, sad, and angry faces were shown and the subjects were tested for their ability to discriminate between the emotions by the use of prompting and oddity procedures. The very young children (ages 3 and 3 1/2) were found to be at a deficit in recognizing facial expressions, particularly with regard to the recognition of sad faces. The children's recognition level improved as a function of age. The senile persons were found to be significantly more impaired than even the youngest group of children, particularly with regard to the recognition of angry faces. While the children attempted to distinguish between the stimuli on the basis of affect, the seniles tended to "feature-detect", because their facial feature recognition ability remained relatively intact. Thus the impairment of facial affect recognition in senility was quite unlike that of younger children. The extensive deterioration of senile patients in facial affect recognition ability is remarkable and has important therapeutic implications. Since these patients still maintain high level of verbal comprehension, clear verbal expression of our feelings toward them is essential. PMID- 6668116 TI - EEG activity in the 13-15 Hz band correlates with intelligence in healthy elderly women. AB - Thirty-five elderly women in excellent health received a neuropsychological battery and resting electroencephalograms (EEGs) from bilateral parietal scalp electrodes. Spectral density analysis of the EEGs was designed to evaluate two levels each of slow activity (delta, 0.2-3.8 Hz and theta, 4.0-7.8 Hz), alpha activity (slow alpha, 7.0-9.8 Hz and fast alpha, 10.0-12.8 Hz) and fast activity (sigma, 13.2-14.8 Hz and beta, 15.0-20.0 Hz). There was no relationship between alpha slowing and cognitive impairment. However, significant correlations emerged between sigma activity and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Scores. This association was strongest between right parietal sigma activity and WAIS Performance Scale weighted scores. PMID- 6668117 TI - Minimal brain dysfunction symptoms claimed by primary and secondary alcoholics: relation to cognitive functioning. AB - A group of chronic alcoholics were classified as Primary or Secondary alcoholics according to a self-administering questionnaire. Primary, compared to Secondary, alcoholics claimed a significantly higher number of childhood symptoms associated with the Hyperkinetic and/or the Minimal Brain Dysfunction (Hk/MBD) Syndromes. Primary alcoholics also performed significantly poorer on the Shipley and Raven tests than Secondary alcoholics and had more severe alcoholic dependence scores. High Hk/MBD patients performed more poorly than Low Hk/MBD patients on the Shipley and Raven tests. The results support the hypothesis that a childhood history of Hk/MBD might be a predisposing factor to a more severe type of alcoholism. The results also suggest that certain alcoholics may have premorbid deficits in cognitive functions. PMID- 6668119 TI - Revised ipsative comparison tables for the summary and localization scales of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. AB - Revised tables for ipsative comparison of scores on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) were constructed based on coefficient alpha estimates of item consistency for each of the LNNB summary and localization profile scales. Separate ipsative score tables are provided for comparison of a single score with the mean of the basic 11 summary scales, the complete 14-scale summary profile, and each of the eight localization scores with the localization profile. The complementary roles of ipsative, normative, and qualitative item analyses across profiles is discussed as an integrated model for evaluation of LNNB results. PMID- 6668118 TI - An orthogonal factor solution for the receptive speech scale of the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. AB - Previous principal components factor analyses with oblique rotation to simple structure have produced widely disparate results for the Receptive Speech Scale of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB). Four of six scales based on the second factor solution lack internal consistency. A new principal components factor solution was computed with Varimax orthogonal rotation to simple structure for the current study. Three factors emerged that matched the strongest factors of the previous factor solutions closely. Internal consistency of the obtained factors was satisfactory. Theoretical implications and issues for clinical application were discussed. PMID- 6668120 TI - Grapheme to phoneme conversion: the basis of reading disability? AB - Although there have been many attempts to discriminate subtypes of reading disabled children, this study provides evidence of two common factors that seem to generalize to the vast majority of children with specific reading disability. The first, a right hemisphere cognitive style, may have some diagnostic utility. The second, a grapheme to phoneme deficit, may be at the heart of the disability. Techniques for diagnosis and remediation are discussed. PMID- 6668121 TI - Language processing in partial English-Japanese bilinguals: evidence from Stroop test results. AB - Possible hemispheric functional differences between adolescent partial English Japanese bilinguals and Japanese monolinguals were examined with a reversed auditory Stroop test. Subjects were requested to press their left/right hand button when they heard the target Japanese word "Otoko (male)/Onna (female)" as fast as possible. In one condition, the word and the speaker's sex weed congruent and in the other condition they were incongruent. The results of the reaction times showed that Stroop effects appeared with both responding hands in the bilingual group. On the other hand, the results of the monolinguals revealed that the Stroop effect was shown only with the left hand and not with the right hand. These results suggest that in nonproficient bilinguals, the right hemisphere may be involved in processing word meaning. PMID- 6668122 TI - Archicortex and neocortex in the precocial murid Acomys cahirinus. A comparison with two altricial species: Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. AB - A morphological analysis of some structures of the archicortex and neocortex was performed in the Acomys cahirinus (spiny mouse), the only precocial murid. The data obtained indicate that the spiny mouse brain is an interesting case of a largely developed hippocampus with respect to the neocortex when compared to the brains of the mouse and rat. The precocious pups of the spiny mouse present the peculiarity among Murids of an early olfactory imprinting. PMID- 6668123 TI - The effects of task, practice and sequencing upon the lateralization of semantic decisions. AB - We report three reaction time experiments in which first names were laterally presented and subjects made discriminatory manual or vocal responses (male/female), or named the stimuli, or judged whether name pairs were of same or opposite sex. The experiments addressed the issue of whether the strength and direction of laterality effects changed with practice and/or stimulus repetition. Performance facilitation with a repeated stimulus was greater when the same rather than the opposite hemisphere received the repeated stimulus, indicating that the effects of stimulus repetition are partly hemisphere-specific. Task practice was found to be a far more important determinant of changing asymmetries than stimulus repetition; however such practice may decrease as well as increase lateral asymmetries. These effects did not extend to the situation where a task was preceded by another of quite a different nature--name before face processing, and vice versa. We conclude that sequencing and practice effects are important but complex determinants of the direction and magnitude of lateral asymmetries, indicating that lateral asymmetries are labile rather than fixed and reflect relative rather than absolute specialization in interhemispheric processing capacity. PMID- 6668124 TI - Cerebral activation patterns in an arithmetic and a visuospatial processing task. AB - Evoked potentials (EPs) to a probe tone stimulus were recorded simultaneously at the temporal and parietal areas of the left and right hemisphere of dextral adults engaged in either an arithmetic or a visuospatial task. The probe EP amplitude was attenuated in the left temporal area during the arithmetic task and in the left temporal and both parietal areas, but significantly more in the right, during the visuospatial task, indicating distinct patterns of regional cerebral engagement for the two types of cognitive activity. PMID- 6668125 TI - Evoked potential correlates of left hemisphere dominance in covert articulation. AB - Evoked Potentials (EPs) to a click stimulus were recorded at the temporal areas of both hemispheres of dextral subjects engaged in covert rehearsal of a verbal passage or in covert rehearsal of musical passages. A pattern of left hemisphere attenuation of the click EPs was observed in all subjects during speech rehearsal but not during music rehearsal. The implications of these findings for the issue of electroencephalographic localization of speech production mechanisms in the left hemisphere are discussed. PMID- 6668126 TI - Fuzzy clustering of EEG signal and vigilance performance. AB - An automatic method for classification of EEG data, based upon segmentation of the signal using the autoregressive model and decision making in fuzzy environment, is described. The classification is applied to explore the relations between EEG states during waking, and vigilance performance studied through auditory choice reaction time. The average auditory choice reaction time measured during occurrences of "alpha" segments was significantly shorter than that measured during occurrences of "nonalpha" signal segments. A significant negative correlation was also found between the segments auditory choice reaction time and the segments spectral power in the alpha or beta frequency band. PMID- 6668127 TI - Simultaneous and sequential processing of information by different hemispheres in animals. PMID- 6668128 TI - Evoked responses to frequency shifted tones: tonotopic and contextual determinants. AB - Event-related potentials were recorded from 13 normal adults in response to a wide range of frequency shifts of a constant amplitude tone, in four separate experiments. Based on the tonotopic organization of the auditory system, we predicted a logarithmic relationship between amount of shift (delta f) and response amplitude. As predicted, the amplitudes of the exogenous N100 and P200 components increased with progressively larger shifts. Log (delta f) predicted 38.6% of the within-subjects variance for N100-P200 amplitude. In addition, an unexpected contextual effect was observed: the largest shift in each experiment tended to produce similar amplitude responses, despite large differences in absolute magnitude of delta f. A two-factor model including a contextual measure of delta f accounted for 48.7% of the variance, indicating that both physical and contextual stimulus parameters determine the amplitude of exogenous components. N100 latency was also influenced by both physical and contextual parameters, whereas P200 latency was almost constant over a wide range of delta f. PMID- 6668129 TI - Skin temperature biofeedback: evaluation of positive and negative monetary incentives. AB - The purpose of the present experiment was to evaluate how training procedure and monetary incentive affect skin temperature biofeedback: A 3 (training procedure) X 3 (monetary incentive) design was employed. It was hypothesized that positive and negative monetary feedback would enhance temperature control. Motivation was manipulated by paying subjects 1 cent, 10 cents, or 20 cents for every 0.1 degree F they decreased their finger temperature over baseline for three days. Results revealed a significant monetary effect only during the first training day. PMID- 6668130 TI - Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery performance of brain dysfunctional patients with positive or negative findings on current neurological examination. AB - Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of positive or negative neurological examination results on performance on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery in a sample of 229 patients with a history of proven brain damage. The groups did not differ on demographic variables of age, education, or disorder chronicity. The positive and negative neurological examination groups were highly differentiable. A second study demonstrated additional high subgroup differentiability within the positive and negative neurological examination groups as a function of the degree of cognitive deficit demonstrated on the neuropsychological measure. Implications of the results were discussed. PMID- 6668131 TI - Classical sleep stages and the spectral content of the EEG signal. AB - Polygraphic sleep recordings during 12 nights in 5 healthy volunteers were classified manually into waking and the various sleep stages. The smoothed power spectra of EEG signal segments defined as waking or one of the sleep stages were calculated via segmentation of the EEG signal, using the autoregressive model, and time-dependent fuzzy clustering. The spectra were derived from the prediction coefficients of the segments. The relative power in the delta frequency band was found to increase monotonically with increasing depth of sleep, together with a parallel decrease in the alpha relative power. In most cases alpha relative power had a small peak during REM sleep, and on average the relative power in the sigma frequency band during REM sleep was smaller than the beta relative power. The power spectra from subjects with no waking alpha differed from those of subjects with abundant waking alpha mostly in the relative spectral content of stages 1 and REM. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to future standardisation of automatic analysis of sleep recordings. PMID- 6668132 TI - Facial- and postural-affect recognition in senile elderly persons. AB - Sixteen senile geriatric inpatients were tested for visual affect recognition under four conditions. In the first three conditions, they were presented with different sets of happy, sad and angry facial stimuli. In the fourth condition, postural sketches were used to express the three emotions. The subjects were tested by means of verbal prompting, i.e., they were directed to point to either the happy, sad or angry facial and bodily expressions over a series of trials. Significantly more errors were made to the angry expressions than to the happy and sad ones which, in turn, did not differ from one another. In addition, significantly more errors were generated by the facial stimuli than by the postural representations. These findings suggested a mechanism underlying prosopo affective agnosia. PMID- 6668133 TI - Eyeglasses, height, and lateral eye movements. AB - Conformity to the lateral eye movement patterns of (1) a preferred direction in a face-to-face situation and (2) direction contralateral to the cerebral hemisphere tapped by a question in a nonface-to-face situation was studied in forty right handed male college students in four groups: (1) Normal vision (N = 10), (2) Nearsighted wearing glasses full-time (N = 10), (3) Nearsighted wearing contact lenses (N = 10), and (4) Nearsighted wearing glasses part-time (N = 10). Subjects were of normal weight with no familial left-handedness or psychiatric hospitalization and no ocular or visual problems other than nearsightedness. Ratings of eye movement direction were made from videotapes. Subjects wearing glasses full-time or part-time were significantly more likely than other subjects to show the contralateral eye movement pattern in the nonface-to-face situation (p less than 0.05). Tall subjects showed more up eye movements (p less than 0.05). These findings were interpreted as an effect of long-standing visual expectancies. Myopic subjects were significantly more likely to be left-lookers than right-lookers (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6668134 TI - A comparative investigation of ERP components and the SCR in a habituation and dishabituation paradigm. AB - The present experiment investigated the trial-by-trial habituation in the event related potential (ERP) and the skin conductance response (SCR) to repeated stimuli and dishabituation to rare stimuli. In a balanced design, two groups of subjects passively observed either large black discs as repeated stimuli and small as rare, or vice versa. No consistent effects of stimulus size were obtained between the groups. Late positivity was composed of a double peak at Cz, containing contributions from P3a and P300; the latter only was observed at Pz. The SCR and P3a and P300 at Cz demonstrated habituation, but not the N100 or P200, nor the P300 at Pz. Rare stimuli elicited an enhancement, albeit nonsignificant, in SCR amplitude only. No dishabituation of any of the responses by these stimuli was observed. The SCR correlated significantly with late positivity at Cz and Pz. Discussion focuses on SCR and late positivity as OR components. PMID- 6668135 TI - An analysis of human EEG responses in the alpha range of frequencies. AB - The diffuse thalamocortical system (DTS) can be represented by a simple 'lumped' model if near synchronous activity of thalamocortical 'circuits' is assumed. Such activity results in scalp potential changes that are manifest in the EEG. The model suggested by the anatomy and physiology of the DTS is also suggested by the dynamic character of the EEG and it is testable since it is possible to excite the DTS with a stimulus input and record the corresponding EEG response. Experiments carried out on 48 human subjects reveal that the model can account for most of the within- and across-subject amplitude variation of EEG evoked responses to sinusoidally modulated diffuse light. It can also explain phenomena specifically associated with stimulation of the DTS, namely 'after-discharges,' 'recruiting responses' and EEG 'alpha activity.' Most importantly, the model makes it possible to carry out a precise analysis of EEG responses to stimulation in terms that are neurophysiologically and psychologically meaningful. PMID- 6668136 TI - Clinical chemical methods for the routine assessment of the vitamin status in human populations. Part II: The water-soluble vitamins B1, B2 and B6. AB - Simple and proven techniques for the assay of the coenzyme stimulation of the erythrocyte enzymes transketolase, glutathione reductase and glutamate oxaloacetate aminotransferase are described. The results found in a cohort of 150 blood donors and their comparison with the values for total thiamine in whole blood and pyridoxal phosphate in erythrocytes are presented. PMID- 6668137 TI - Effects of riboflavin deficiency in rats on some aspects of iron metabolism. AB - Female Norwegian Hooded rats were given a diet low in riboflavin prior to pregnancy and during gestation and lactation. Each animal had a pair-fed control receiving a diet adequate in riboflavin. The ability of liver mitochondrial preparations to mobilise iron from ferritin was measured in the dams and their pups. The rate of mobilisation was reduced in the deficient animals relative to their controls and significantly so for the pups. The data support the hypothesis that riboflavin is an important factor in controlling iron utilisation. PMID- 6668138 TI - Inheritance of high leukocyte folate binding activity. Relationship between folate binding in leukocytes and serum. AB - Folate binding was determined in leukocyte lysates from relatives of three persons whose leukocytes contained large amounts of folate binding protein. A pedigree analysis showed that high leukocyte folate binding activities occurred with great frequency in these families suggesting a dominant mode of inheritance. Folate binding in serum varied within narrow limits (0.2-0.5 nmol folate/l serum) in persons with leukocyte folate binding activities less than 0.8-1.0 nmol folate per 10(9) cells. A shift to a higher level of serum folate binding (greater than or equal to 1.0 nmol/l serum) was, however, observed at leukocyte folate binding activities above that value. PMID- 6668139 TI - Uptake and metabolism of [3H] pteroylglutamic acid by developing chick embryo. AB - Chick embryos at 9 and 12 days of development were injected into the air space with [3', 5', 7, 9 -3H]pteroylglutamic acid. After various time periods the incorporation of radioactivity into folate derivatives was measured. In the 9-day embryo the label incorporation into longer chain polyglutamates, expressed per gram, was higher than in the 12-day embryo. Since the endogenous content of these compounds was lower at 9 days, the results suggest that, at this stage of development, the turnover of longer pteroylpolyglutamates is more rapid. PMID- 6668140 TI - Pteroylpolyglutamates in liver of phenobarbitone-treated rats. AB - The effects of "acute" phenobarbitone treatment on some aspects of folate metabolism in rat liver, that is total folate activity, protein bound and free folate, and various-length pteroylpolyglutamate amounts, were studied. The administration of two doses of the anticonvulsant drug (8 mg/100 g of body weight), caused a severe depletion in folate pool, free folate and in the percentage of longer-chain polyglutamates, while the amount of protein bound folates was unchanged. Such modifications are more evident in the animals killed at 24 h after the last drug injection rather than in those killed 12 h later. The possible mechanisms by which phenobarbitone might interfere with the synthesis of pteroylpolyglutamates, the actual coenzymic forms of folic acid, are discussed. PMID- 6668141 TI - [Changes in vitamin C content of Bintje potatoes during storage and usual culinary preparations]. AB - In various regions of France (particularly in the North-East) potatoes have remained an important source of vitamin C. We measured by a specific method [7], the loss of ascorbic acid in the Bintje species of potatoes (grown in Pas-de Calais) due to storage and different cooking procedures. Storage for 3 months in the dark at +12 degrees C decreases the ascorbic acid level by about 50%, storage for 6-8 months by about 66%. Cooking of peeled potatoes (in water, vapor or as French fries) causes an additional loss of vitamin C of roughly 40-45% whereas unpeeled potatoes loose only about 7% by cooking. When cooked potatoes are kept warm, on a hot plate, for an hour the loss of ascorbic acid amounts up to 70%. Thus three major factors determine the spontaneous destruction of ascorbic acid in potatoes, i.e. the length and conditions of storage (aging), the way of cooking and warming up. Potatoes, even when consumed in considerable quantities, can only supply part of the French recommended Daily Allowance [8] particularly from January through June. PMID- 6668142 TI - Vitamins, lipids and lipoproteins in a healthy elderly population. AB - Vitamin status may be related to serum lipid-lipoprotein levels. We tested this hypothesis in a group of 270 healthy elderly men and women over 60 years of age. Vitamin status was determined from dietary intakes and biochemical analysis of plasma. Fasting lipid profile included triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Correlations have been adjusted by partial correlation for age, physical activity, body mass index, and alcohol consumption. Neither vitamin E intake nor ascorbic acid intake nor ascorbic acid plasma levels correlated with any lipids measured. HDL-C levels did not correlate with any vitamin parameters. In men, vitamin A blood levels correlated with LDL-C, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels. In women, total cholesterol levels correlated inversely with thiamine and riboflavin blood status and with dietary intake of vitamins B6, D, and niacin. LDL-C plasma values were also inversely correlated with both intake and plasma vitamin D levels and intakes of riboflavin and vitamin B12 in women. PMID- 6668143 TI - Longitudinal study on the dietary selenium intake of exclusively breast-fed infants and their mothers in Finland. AB - The dietary selenium intakes of a group of 13 lactating women living in the Helsinki metropolitan area and those of their 10 exclusively breast-fed infants were studied twice during the course of lactation. The first survey period of the women ranged from 6 to 8 weeks post-partum and the second from 17 to 22 weeks post-partum. The selenium intakes of the infants were determined at 1 and 3 months post-partum. In addition, the concentrations of selenium in the breast milk of four of the mothers were determined 6 months post-partum. Milk samples were collected by a method eliminating errors due to diurnal variations and variations during a single feeding. The validity of the analytical method employed was confirmed by means of an interlaboratory collaboration. The level of selenium concentration in the breast milk fell significantly (P less than 0.0005) from 10.7 +/- 1.6 micrograms/l at 1 month of lactation to 5.8 +/- 1.2 micrograms/l at 3 months of lactation, but remained at that level for up to 6 months of lactation (5.6 +/- 0.4 micrograms/l). The total dietary selenium intake of the infants fell significantly (P less than 0.0005) from 8.0 +/- 1.8 micrograms/d to 4.7 +/- 1.1 micrograms/d at 1 and 3 months post-partum, respectively. The mean maternal dietary selenium intake was 36 +/- 13 micrograms/d during the first survey period and 30 +/- 12 micrograms/d during the second survey period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6668144 TI - [Effects of prolonged consumption of lactose or hydrolyzed lactose in the rat. 5. Intestinal metabolism of glucose and galactose]. AB - Effect of Prolonged Consumption of Lactose or Hydrolyzed Lactose in Rats.--5. Intestinal Metabolism of Glucose and Galactose. The intestinal metabolism of galactose is different according to the form of ingestion. With a lactose diet (L), the galactose is abundant in intestinal contents (Tab. I), since neither the intestinal flora (Tab. II), nor the epithelial tissue (Tab. III) can easily metabolize the galactose. The glucose disappears more rapidly than the galactose (Tab. I). With a hydrolyzed lactose diet (LH), the intestinal contents of two hexoses are identical (Tab. I). In this case, the enzymic activity of epithelium metabolizes an amount of galactose 6 times as big as with the lactose diet (Tab. III). PMID- 6668145 TI - Pyridine nucleotide synthesis in human blood--effect of leucine, alpha ketoisocaproic acid and ketone bodies. AB - The effects of L-leucine and its metabolites on pyridine nucleotide synthesis were investigated in human blood. After 30 min-incubation 40% of the added (carboxyl-14C)-nicotinic acid was incorporated into pyridine nucleotides, most of which was nicotinic acid mononucleotide. Leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid reduced pyridine nucleotide synthesis by 40% and 15%, respectively at 1 mM level. Ketone bodies were without effect. The results were different from those observed in rat hepatocytes [O. Yamada et al.: Internat. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 53, 184 (1983)], in which ketone bodies and the compounds metabolized to ketone bodies were inhibitory to the NAD biosynthesis. PMID- 6668146 TI - Fatty acid patterns of breast milk of Egyptian mothers from the city and the village. AB - The fatty acid pattern of 25 human milk collected from lactating Egyptian mothers living under rural and urban conditions are reported in the present work. The fatty acid pattern is quite similar among the two different groups, except for the absence of the essential linolenic fatty acid among those from the city. Tabulation and comparison with literature data were presented and the differences were discussed. PMID- 6668147 TI - Vagotomy 1983. PMID- 6668148 TI - Adequate selective proximal vagotomy with pyloroplasty as nonresective surgery for peptic ulcer disease: a 20 year review. AB - Nonresective surgery for gastro-duodenal ulcers (GDU) is the operation of choice in 95% of cases of duodenal ulcer (DU) and approximately 50% of cases of gastric ulcer (GU), with a good probability of permanent success if an adequate selective proximal vagotomy (a-SPV) is combined with a pyloroplasty based on form and function (ff-Py). The result is the elimination of local foci and secretion and motility disturbances. PMID- 6668149 TI - The surgical management of duodenal ulcer and benign gastric ulcer. PMID- 6668151 TI - The untoward sequelae of gastric operations and their evaluation. PMID- 6668150 TI - Reoperation for recurrent peptic ulcer. AB - The authors consider 74 patients who have undergone reoperation for recurrent peptic ulceration in their hospital, between 1971 and 1980. Recurrences followed gastrectomy (39 cases), vagotomy (33 cases) and gastroenteroanastomosis (GEA) (2 cases). The reoperations were: vagotomy or revagotomy; gastric resection or reresection; vagotomy combined with resection. Assessment of results was based on Visick clinical grading: 24 patients remained in Visick grade III and IV. Failure was due to a second recurrence in nine patients, who therefore underwent further operations, but two patients remained in Visick grade III and there was one operative death. The authors conclude that most patients end with both a vagotomy and a gastric resection and that the final postoperative results remain fairly poor in some cases. In attempting to cure recurrent ulcers most surgeons stress that reoperation is the treatment of choice, but all the surgical procedures are potentially difficult and therefore potentially dangerous. Nowadays, the results of medical management (cimetidine) seem satisfactory, but we must still fully evaluate the side-effects of the long-term maintenance treatment. PMID- 6668152 TI - Postoperative monitoring of proximal selective vagotomy. PMID- 6668153 TI - The long-term results of proximal gastric vagotomy. AB - Since 1969 we have performed proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) in 514 patients. PGV without drainage was performed, before 1978, in 304 patients with one death (0.3%) and of these, 242 have been followed for from five to 13 years. Good clinical results were achieved in 78% but there were 32 recurrent ulcers. When two patients with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome were excluded the late recurrence rate was 12.7%. There was no difference between the clinical results of men and women. When all the recurrent ulcers and two patients with gastric retention had been treated, mostly by operation, good results were recorded in 90% of our series. We conclude that PGV is the best operation at present available for uncomplicated duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6668155 TI - Synergistic bacterial gangrene and allied lesions: a unified etiological theory. AB - Synergistic bacterial gangrene is a distressing and destructive mixed infection where early recognition is essential. It is suggested that synergistic bacterial gangrene with its allied states may be manifestations of the same process with a wide spectrum. Prompt and appropriate bactericidal therapy may arrest spread before tissue destruction makes radical and immediate surgical intervention, with its attendant high mortality, inevitable. PMID- 6668154 TI - Analytical study and long-term results of 230 highly selective vagotomies for chronic duodenal ulcer. AB - 230 highly selective vagotomies (H.S.V.) for chronic duodenal ulcer are carefully studied. Per and postoperative complications are reviewed and compared with the most important reported statistics. A 10-year follow-up gives an indication of the late functional results and evaluation of the percentage of recurrences which lies at around 6%, on first estimation. A complete study of pre- and postoperative gastric secretion tests in duodenal ulcers which did not respond to treatment with Cimetidine and also in patients with very severe hyperacidity is reported, showing that, even in these cases, H.S.V. notably decreases acidity levels and gives satisfactory results. H.S.V. has practically no mortality, a very low morbidity and is followed by excellent functional results. The only factor which remains is the relatively high rate of recurrence which increases with time. PMID- 6668156 TI - Direct laryngoscopy: a retrospective analysis. AB - A retrospective analysis of direct laryngoscopies performed at our institution in 1978 was undertaken utilizing computer technology. The population which consisted of 54% males and 46% females had an average age of 50.4 years. The most common symptom was hoarseness (83.6%). The most frequent benign and malignant diagnoses were vocal cord polyp and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. Males predominated in all disease entities except vocal cord polyps. Benign disease entities presented most frequently with one or two symptoms, while malignant pathology presented with a varied array and number of symptoms. The indications: "tumor" seen on indirect laryngoscopy, sore throat, dysphagia, otalgia, upper respiratory tract obstruction, hemoptysis, cough and leukoplakia were most frequently associated with malignancy. Voice abuse occupations were most commonly associated with vocal cord polyps and tobacco and alcohol use was most frequently associated with laryngeal cancer. Eighty-five percent of direct laryngoscopies were done under general anesthesia with two-thirds utilizing direct suspension microlaryngoscopy. PMID- 6668157 TI - Thoracic outlet compression syndrome: current concepts and surgical experience. AB - Current concepts of the diagnosis of thoracic outlet compression syndrome are presented together with the surgical experience and results obtained in 45 patients. Conservative therapy with exercise, moist heat and physical therapy is advised in patients with mild, non-disabling symptoms, whereas surgical therapy, resection of the first rib, cervical rib, prolonged transverse process or anomalous first rib is recommended in patients with persistent and disabling symptoms. The complications are minor but some serious events with injury to the subclavian artery, vein and brachial plexus have been reported. Good to excellent results can be expected in over 90% of well-selected cases. PMID- 6668158 TI - Phrenic nerve palsy after topical cardiac hypothermia. AB - Evidence of phrenic nerve paralysis was found in 16 of 172 (9.3%) consecutive adult cardiac surgical patients who survived surgical procedures using topical cardiac hypothermia; two patients had bilateral phrenic nerve paralysis and 14 had left phrenic nerve paralysis. One or more pulmonary complications occurred in 13 of 16 patients (81.3%) with phrenic nerve paralysis while 80 of 156 (56%) had one or more pulmonary complications among patients who had no hypothermic phrenic nerve injury. Average postoperative hospital stay was 13.6 days for patients with left phrenic nerve paralysis, and 22.5 days for patients having bilateral phrenic nerve paralysis. This postoperative complication predominated in males; 15 of 16 (93.8%) of those in our series with phrenic paralysis were males, while 118 of 172 (68.6%) patients were males. Phrenic paralysis did not correlate with the length or degree of systemic hypothermia on cardiopulmonary bypass. No deaths were attributed to phrenic nerve injury. With a minimum of one year follow-up, 12 of 16 patients had return of normal diaphragmatic motion, four had residual paralysis when examined between 12 and 19 months postoperatively. PMID- 6668159 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the adult. AB - The onset of symptoms from a congenital posterolateral (Bochdalek Hernia) defect is rare in the adult. We are reporting a 25-year-old female with a previously asymptomatic Bochdalek hernia who presented with acute intestinal obstruction. The abnormal embryology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of this condition in the adult are discussed. PMID- 6668160 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. AB - The authors present their experience with 39 cases of pre and postoperative percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS), listing the indications and advantages of this new tool for the study of the biliary tract and the therapy of several pathological conditions that would otherwise be untreatable. PMID- 6668161 TI - The preventative effect of the antifibrinolytic agents, epsilon-aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid, on stress ulcer formation in rats. AB - The effect of the antifibrinolytic agents, epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) and tranexamic acid (t-AMCHA), on acute gastric ulcers induced by cold restraint stress in rats was studied. Intravenous administration of 500 mg/Kg of EACA and t AMCHA before exposure to stress significantly reduced the severity of gastric bleeding and ulcer formation (P less than 0.01). These agents did not affect gastric acid secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. The results indicate that antifibrinolytic agents may be beneficial in the prevention of stress ulcers in man and support the concept that local gastric fibrinolysis may play a role in the pathogenesis of stress ulcers. PMID- 6668162 TI - The effect of pancreatectomy in lipoprotein lipase activity: an experimental study in pancreatectomized rats. AB - To investigate the etiology of hyperlipemia induced by total pancreatectomy in rats, the authors determined lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and performed the intravenous fat loading test (IVFLT). LPL activity was remarkably reduced after total pancreatectomy, but recovered almost completely with administration of 4 i.u./Kg of insulin. The results of IVFLT showed positive correlation with LPL activity changes. The elimination rate K of IVFLT also recovered with the administration of insulin. On the other hand, in our previous reports no evidence of increase in lipid synthesis in the liver of depancreatectomized rats was found. From these results, the authors tentatively concluded that the main cause of pancreatectomy-induced hyperlipemia was a delay in the removal of lipids from the blood, due to decreased LPL activity caused by a lack of insulin. PMID- 6668163 TI - The management of large vesico-vaginal fistulae following total abdominal hysterectomy. AB - A surgical procedure for the repair of large vesico-vaginal fistulae following total abdominal hysterectomy is presented. Once it has been exposed through suprapubic extraperitoneal, extravesical separation and mobilisation, the bladder lends itself to fully independent closure, as in resection of any part of its wall for other reasons. PMID- 6668164 TI - A pilot investigation into the effect of a shot-term restriction in sodium intake on blood pressure, sodium chloride taste threshold and the problems associated with such a dietary restriction. PMID- 6668165 TI - Immunoreactive trypsin levels in young cystic fibrosis patients and in other sick children. PMID- 6668166 TI - Analgesic induced asthma. PMID- 6668167 TI - Irreducible trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. PMID- 6668168 TI - Phenylbutazone nephrotoxicity--a light and electron microscopic study. PMID- 6668169 TI - Non-specific X-linked mental retardation with fragile X chromosome: somatic features, cytogenetic diagnosis and elements for genetic counselling. PMID- 6668170 TI - The influence of a progressively growing MCA-induced fibrosarcoma on the humoral response to SRBS. PMID- 6668172 TI - Vitamin B1, B2, B6 and C status in the elderly. PMID- 6668171 TI - Partial lipodystrophy and renal disease. PMID- 6668173 TI - Secular changes in the incidence of heart disease over 25 years in the Coombe Lying-In Hospital. PMID- 6668174 TI - The bus driver syndrome: a Belfast phenomenon. PMID- 6668176 TI - Congenital pleural effusion with multiple associated anomalies. PMID- 6668175 TI - Thyroid-induced psychosis in myxoedema. PMID- 6668177 TI - The role of the Day Hospital in the assessment of elderly patients. PMID- 6668178 TI - Autotransfusion--a brief review. PMID- 6668179 TI - Prescribing for children. PMID- 6668180 TI - Hospital closures and survivals: an analysis of operating characteristics and regulatory mechanisms in three states. AB - This article examines factors related to hospital closures, using a longitudinal sample of surviving and closed hospitals. The hospitals are drawn from three states with different regulatory programs. Size of hospital and occupancy rate are shown to be related to likelihood of closure, while ownership, length of stay, and expenditures are not. These findings are observed both in the aggregate and within the individual states between 1960 and 1980. The three states- Arizona, Pennsylvania, and Maryland--represent different population trends and regulatory mechanisms and goals. The findings indicate that some programs appear to guarantee survival, whereas others are more neutral. PMID- 6668181 TI - Estimating the effect of hospital closure on areawide inpatient hospital costs: a preliminary model and application. AB - A preliminary model is developed for estimating the extent of savings, if any, likely to result from discontinuing a specific inpatient service. By examining the sources of referral to the discontinued service, the model estimates potential demand and how cases will be redistributed among remaining hospitals. This redistribution determines average cost per day in hospitals that receive these cases, relative to average cost per day of the discontinued service. The outflow rate, which measures the proportion of cases not absorbed in other acute care hospitals, is estimated as 30 percent for the average discontinuation. The marginal cost ratio, which relates marginal costs of cases absorbed in surrounding hospitals to the average costs in those hospitals, is estimated as 87 percent in the base case. The model was applied to the discontinuation of all inpatient services in the 75-bed Chelsea Memorial Hospital, near Boston, Massachusetts, using 1976 data. As the precise value of key parameters is uncertain, sensitivity analysis was used to explore a range of values. The most likely result is a small increase ($120,000) in the area's annual inpatient hospital costs, because many patients are referred to more costly teaching hospitals. A similar situation may arise with other urban closures. For service discontinuations to generate savings, recipient hospitals must be low in costs, the outflow rate must be large, and the marginal cost ratio must be low. PMID- 6668182 TI - Comments on hospital closings in New York City. PMID- 6668183 TI - Hospital closures. PMID- 6668184 TI - Hospital financial viability: when is government intervention appropriate? PMID- 6668185 TI - Hospital closures in perspective. PMID- 6668186 TI - Hb S Mobile: a new genetic combination. AB - The genetic combination of Hb Mobile (beta 73 Asp replaced by Val) and Hb S (beta 6 Glu replaced by Val) was found in a healthy black man whose hemolysate resembles that of Hb S electrophoretically. His mother and sister have Hb AS; the father and brother have Hb A Mobile. No clinical nor hematologic abnormalities were detected in any member of the family. A slightly decreased oxygen affinity associated with Hb Mobile appears to have no clinical significance. Simple methods of differentiating Hb Mobile S from the electrophoretically similar but clinically severe Hb SD Los Angeles are described. PMID- 6668187 TI - Formation of cross-linked asymmetrical hybrid hemoglobins by double-headed aspirin. AB - Double-headed aspirin [bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate] selectively cross-links hemoglobin molecules between Lys 82 beta 1 and Lys 82 beta 2 and increases solubility of deoxy-Hb S (Walder et al., J. Mol. Biol., 141:195, 1980 and Kikugawa et al., J. Biol. Chem., 257:7525, 1982). We reacted this reagent with the mixture of Hb A and Hb S and the mixture of Hb S and Hb York (beta 146His replaced by Pro). Cross-linked asymmetrical hybrid hemoglobins (alpha 2 beta - beta S and alpha 2 beta Y - beta S) were produced in high yields in addition to the cross-linked parent hemoglobin molecules. Results on electrophoresis, gel electrofocusing, ion exchange column chromatography, mechanical stability and oxygen binding properties showed that the cross-linked asymmetrical hybrid hemoglobins had properties intermediate between those of the cross-linked parent hemoglobins. Oxygen affinities of the cross-linked asymmetrical hybrids were not affected by the addition of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) or inositol hexaphosphate, probably due to the presence of a fumaryl group at the DPG binding site. PMID- 6668188 TI - Silent beta-thalassemia associated with Hb Knossos beta 27 (B9) Ala replaced by Ser in Algeria. PMID- 6668189 TI - Hemoglobin Kansas in a Japanese family. PMID- 6668190 TI - Hemoglobin J Lome: beta 59 (E3) lysine replaced by asparagine observed in a Japanese family. PMID- 6668191 TI - Hb Genova in a Cuban family. Clinical differences between carriers. PMID- 6668192 TI - Two rare alpha chain variants, Hb Dunn or alpha 26(A4)Asp replaced by Asn beta 2 and Hb G-Pest or alpha 274(EF3)Asp replaced by Asn beta 2, observed in an Indian and a black newborn. PMID- 6668193 TI - Hemoglobin variants in Mexico. PMID- 6668194 TI - [Clinical aspects of depressive states]. AB - During the last 4 years (1979-1982), 4117 patients have been examined in our out patient department. Since the most important dates of each patient are electronically registered, it was easy to ascertain the frequency of the depressive conditions with the computer. This amounts to 819 and corresponds to 19.9% of the patients examined during that period. The depressive states were divided in 4 categories: 1. depressive reactions, 2. depressive developments, 3. neurotic depressions, and 4. endogenous depressions. Of all depressive patients, only 27 were treated with drugs. The others were treated with the classical methods of the child- and youthpsychiatry, that is psychotherapy including family therapy, educational measures and interventions in the social field. Patients with a depressive reaction never received any drugs. The few patients who suffered from an endogenous depression all received thymoleptica in combination with a Lithium salt. However, one dozen patients with a neurotic depression respectively with a depressive personality development received various drugs, whereby the antidepressants were leading, but not prescribed alone. Neuroleptica as well as psychotonica were prescribed, especially for children suffering from an infantile psychoorganic syndrome (MBD, ADD) with a depression. Psychotrope substances have their place in the treatment of depressive conditions in childhood. Their scarce and critical use is in the interest of the children. PMID- 6668195 TI - Congenital hemiparesis: the spectrum of lesions. A clinical and computerized tomographic study of 37 cases. AB - Cerebral computerized tomography (CT) was obtained in 37 children with congenital hemiparesis to document the type of cerebral anomalies found in this group, correlate them with various features of the neurological handicap and clinical history and determine the prognostic and practical value of this examination in a newly diagnosed case. The CT-findings were: 1. normal CT: 4 children (11%); 2. unilateral ventricular enlargement: 9 children (24%); 3. others (cortical and subcortical lesions): 24 children (63%). In this latter group, special patterns were found: a) focal ischemic lesions: 7 cases; b) cystic porencephaly: 2 cases; c) ventricular deformities with hydrocephalus: 7 cases; d) varia: 8 cases. The children with normal CT or unilateral ventricular enlargement had mild or moderate hemiparesis without epilepsy or mental retardation. The third group comprised the more severe cases but the prognosis was very variable. The different types of CT-lesions, their possible origin and neuropathological correlates are described and compared with two previous studies. The variety of lesions found in this series and the relative prognostic value of the CT-Scan justify this examination in a newly diagnosed case. PMID- 6668196 TI - [Nosocomial epidemic of echovirus type 7 in a neonatology department]. AB - Epidemiology, clinical features and laboratory results of a nosocomial outbreak of Echovirus 7 infections are described. After the admission of the index case with presumably perinatal infection to the neonatology unit, 3 additional babies from the total of 16 patients on the ward were infected. A 5th baby in another unit was also infected; this baby shared in part the nursing staff with the other group. Clinical symptoms of the infection were fever (5 children), gastrointestinal (5) and neurological symptoms (4), apnea and bradycardia (1), and a fine macular rash (1). Five of the 24 persons of the staff suffered from a febrile gastroenteritis during this period. The virus was isolated from stool swabs, throat swabs, urine, blood and CFS. An augmented percentage of immature neutrophils in the peripheral blood count was the only laboratory value found to be abnormal in all of the children. We measured neutralizing antibodies against this virus in an immunoglobulin preparation for i.v. use (Sandoglobulin), to get information about its prophylactic value in these cases. We could not detect any neutralizing antibodies. PMID- 6668198 TI - [Case report on the positive development and caught-up growth in a child with psychosocial dwarfism]. AB - The somatic, psychological and psychosocial findings in a boy with psychosocial dwarfism are presented in a 7-year follow-up report. The positive development achieved by the change of environment is described, particularly a catch-up growth from far below the 3rd percentile up to the 25th percentile. PMID- 6668199 TI - Successful conservative management of a solitary liver abscess in a premature baby. AB - A case report of a very small premature baby with a solitary intrahepatic abscess is presented. The diagnosis was suspected by the presence of a gas bubble on plain X-ray and confirmed by ultrasonography. Conservative therapy was successful. The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and follow-up of intrahepatic abscess in the newborn is stressed. PMID- 6668197 TI - [Intensive phototherapy with a blue double lamp in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia]. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of "intensive phototherapy" (blue double light, 2 X 30 microW/cm2) on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in 41 infants, compared to a control group treated with "single light" phototherapy (1 X 30 microW/cm2). The double light treatment enhances the photodegradation of bilirubin. The number of exchange transfusions was reduced, and no further exchange transfusions had to be carried out. No significant clinical side effects during the phototherapy were observed. PMID- 6668200 TI - [Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in a Valais village]. AB - Amongst 13 subjects with albinism observed in a village in the Valais, 7 present the clinical and laboratory findings of the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Because of the close family links and the numerous consanguine marriages present in the pedigree, it is probable that the 5 subjects who could not be examined also suffer from the same syndrome. It has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. In this isolate the gene and heterozygote frequencies are, respectively, 1:12 and 1:6. Clinically the hemorrhagic diathesis is moderate, the visual and cutaneous symptoms predominate. The platelet dysfunction results from a lack of storage of components (Ca++, nucleotides, amines) normally present in the dense granules. The lack of dense granules is demonstrated by electron and fluorescence microscopy. This structural anomaly is present in the megacaryocyte before individualization of the platelets. Giant melanosomes were found in skin melanocytes. PMID- 6668201 TI - Renal disorders in the branchio-oto-renal syndrome. AB - Intravenous urography and measurements of renal function were performed in 16 patients suffering from branchio-oto-renal syndrome. Malformations were visible by intravenous urography in all patients. Four out of 16 patients had a diminished glomerular filtration rate. Renal histology available in two patients revealed oligomeganephronic renal hypoplasia and multicystic dysplasia, respectively. Without renal agenesis or severe renal hypoplasia or dysplasia present in early infancy, renal abnormality does not seem to be a progressive disorder. PMID- 6668203 TI - Lampbrush chromosomes in the meroistic ovaries of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala. PMID- 6668202 TI - [Inherited transcobalamin-II-deficiency: clinical, genetic studies and diagnosis using cultured fibroblasts]. AB - A boy born healthy, developed gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, vomiting, ulcerative stomatitis) and megaloblastic anaemia with thrombocytopenia and neutropenia at the age of five weeks. Serum levels of folate and cobalamin were normal, but there was cobalamin-mal absorption. In his serum apo-TC2 was not detectable and immunoreactive total TC2 was very low (10% of normal values). Cultured skin fibroblasts failed to secrete functioning TC2. Pharmacological amounts of parenteral Cyanocobalamin, administered regularly, led to hematological remission and normal development. Interruption of therapy was followed by relapse within a few weeks. A coexisting hypogammaglobulinemia did not respond to cobalamin therapy at the selected dose level. A family investigation of serum TC2 concentrations and the genetic TC2 variants in 7 persons of three generations yielded evidence of autosomal-recessive inheritance of a silent TC2 allele (TC2 QLFL SEA-like). Three persons with heterozygous deficiency were asymptomatic. PMID- 6668204 TI - Hybridization between Brassica insularis Moris and B. balearica Pers. PMID- 6668205 TI - Fusion of bull and human sperm with Nicotiana protoplasts. PMID- 6668206 TI - Comparison of DNA cleavage in rye with and without B chromosomes. PMID- 6668207 TI - The mutagenic effect in bacteriophage T4D of a hair dye, 1,4 diaminoanthraquinone, and of two solvents, dimethylsulfoxide and ethanol. PMID- 6668209 TI - Interspecific hybridization with cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). PMID- 6668208 TI - Consanguinity and incidence of thalassaemia in Egypt. PMID- 6668210 TI - Chromosome banding by in vitro exposure to dA-dT probes and BUdR. Relationships between DNA base clusters, replication pattern, and banding. PMID- 6668211 TI - Genetic polymorphism of beta-livetin in egg yolk of hens. PMID- 6668212 TI - Occurrence of two different reciprocal translocations in the same litter of domestic pigs. PMID- 6668213 TI - Genotoxic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate and X-rays at different stages of rat spermatogenesis, studied by inhibition of DNA synthesis and induction of DNA repair in vitro. PMID- 6668214 TI - Genetic differentiation in Sorex. I. Electrophoretic analysis of the karyotypic races of Sorex araneus in Sweden. PMID- 6668216 TI - A monoploid of Potentilla argentea. PMID- 6668215 TI - Transfer of methotrexate resistance by somatic cell hybridization. PMID- 6668217 TI - The THA technique as applied to porcine chromosomes. PMID- 6668218 TI - Apomictic progeny from Raphanobrassica. PMID- 6668219 TI - A new heritable fragile site on human chromosome 3. PMID- 6668220 TI - Genetic differentiation in four European subspecies of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.). AB - Red deer representing the four different European subspecies Cervus elaphus atlanticus, C. e. elaphus, C. e. germanicus, and C. e. scoticus were examined for allozyme variability at 35 enzyme loci. The proportion of polymorphic loci within populations (P) ranged from 0 to 13.8 per cent and the average heterozygosity (H) from 0 to 3.6 per cent. These estimates are within the range previously observed among mammalian species. Significant allele frequency differences were found both within and between subspecies. The mean genetic distance between subspecies (D = 0.0164) was smaller than the differentiation at similar taxonomic levels among other ungulates, probably because of a shorter time since divergence. Within subspecies the genetic differences between populations were similar to those reported between populations within closely related species in the same geographic region. Cluster analysis based on genetic distances indicated a major genetic dichotomy between the British C. e. scoticus and the Norwegian C. e. atlanticus on one hand and the Swedish C. e. elaphus and the continental C. e. germanicus on the other. Populations of pure C. e. elaphus were not found to differ genetically in any substantial way from Swedish populations of possible heterogeneous subspecific origin. An allele unique to C. e. scoticus was found in a Swedish enclosed population where imports of British deer are known to have taken place. A population established to preserve the genetic characteristics of the C. e. elaphus subspecies appeared to have lost 36 per cent of the electrophoretically measurable heterozygosity. PMID- 6668221 TI - Folate nutrition in early pregnancy. AB - Mean daily folate intakes of 195 women in the first trimester of pregnancy were assessed by 5-7 day weighed dietary records. Intakes for total folate ranged from 64.7 to 302.0 micrograms/day with a mean intake of 148.0 micrograms/day. The lowest intakes were associated with social classes III, IV and V, maternal age less than 20 years and vomiting on three or more days per week. PMID- 6668222 TI - Relationship between the fatty acid composition of the diet and that of the subcutaneous adipose tissue in individual human subjects. AB - The fatty acid composition of the diet, measured by means of a two-day record, was compared with the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous body fat in 321 free living adults. In spite of the known imprecision of dietary survey methods, highly significant correlations (r = 0.5) were found between the polyunsaturated fatty acid content or the polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratio of the adipose tissue and the corresponding variable in the diet. It was estimated that complete elimination of the noise inherent in the measurement of an individual's fatty acid intake might have resulted in correlation coefficients of the order of 0.8. Analysis of subcutaneous fat biopsies merits consideration as a simple and reproducible measure of the dietary fatty acid composition of free-living individuals. PMID- 6668223 TI - Individual fatty acids in the British household food supply. AB - The amounts of some 40 fatty acids in British foods, derived from food tables and from a major new analytical survey, have been applied to National Food Survey results to give the average intake of each fatty acid in 1981. The major sources of the more significant fatty acids are also discussed. PMID- 6668224 TI - Sorrento Asian food tables: food tables, recipes and customs of mothers attending Sorrento Maternity Hospital, Birmingham, England. AB - Information on food customs and recipes, collected from Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi immigrant women attending the Sorrento Maternity Hospital, in Birmingham, UK is presented. The calculated nutrient composition of these recipes is given, together with the composition of a number of Asian foods and spices taken from various food tables. PMID- 6668225 TI - Influence of vitamin C status on the urinary excretion of catecholamines in stress. AB - A group of volunteers on a low intake of ascorbate was compared with another group supplemented with 3 g of ascorbate daily with regard to urinary excretion of catecholamines and cortisol after exposure to a specified stressor. The low dose group excreted less adrenaline than the high-dose group, whereas excretion of dopamine, noradrenaline and cortisol was largely unchanged. This effect may indicate another role in vivo of vitamin C in the biosynthesis of catecholamines besides that of a cofactor to a specific enzyme. The results suggest a role for ascorbate in an adequate response to stress. PMID- 6668226 TI - The relative effectiveness of iron and iron with riboflavin in correcting a microcytic anaemia in men and children in rural Gambia. AB - Adult males and children between 4 and 12 years in a subsistence farming community in The Gambia were screened for haematological status. 80 men and 80 children with initially poor status were identified and allocated to three treatment groups comprising: a placebo, ferrous sulphate, and ferrous sulphate with riboflavin. Over a period of 6 weeks of supplementation there was a general improvement in haematological status in the two supplemented groups. The inclusion of riboflavin in the supplement enhanced recovery, particularly in those individuals with strikingly low levels of haemoglobin at the outset. PMID- 6668227 TI - Whole-body protein turnover and nitrogen balance in young children at intakes of protein and energy in the region of maintenance. AB - Nitrogen balance and whole-body protein turnover were measured in children aged about one year taking diets which provided 1.7 or 0.7 g milk protein/kg/d at three levels of metabolizable energy, 80, 90 and 100 kcal/kg/d. All the children were in positive nitrogen balance at all levels of energy intake on 1.7 g protein/kg/d. Nitrogen equilibrium was maintained on 0.7 g protein/kg/d when the energy intake exceeded 90 kcal/kg/d, but on 80 kcal/kg/d nitrogen balance was negative. Whole-body protein turnover was measured from the enrichment in urinary ammonia following a continuous infusion of 15N-glycine. The variation between individuals on the same diet was significantly greater than the variation within individuals at different levels of energy intake. For the group as a whole protein synthesis on 1.7 g protein/kg/d was 0.74, 0.75 and 0.87 g N/kg/d on 100, 90 and 80 kcal/kg/d respectively; whereas on 0.7 g protein/kg/d it was 0.37, 0.38 and 0.40 g N/kg/d. These results show that over this range of intakes protein synthesis decreased as dietary protein fell, but tended to increase as energy intake fell. PMID- 6668228 TI - Plasma vitamin C concentrations in patients in a psychiatric hospital. AB - Plasma vitamin C was measured in 885 patients in a psychiatric hospital and in 110 healthy controls. The average value was lower in the patients (0.51 mg/100 ml) than in the controls (0.87 mg/100 ml). Length of stay in hospital had little effect on plasma vitamin C in the patients, but the values were marginally lower in males, females on iron therapy and in those with senile dementia. In the patients, many of whom had been offered a similar diet for several years, age was not associated with a change in plasma vitamin C and this suggests that changes in vitamin C with age that have been reported reflect differences in intake. Few patients had values as low as those found in clinical scurvy (less than 0.1 mg/100 ml), but many (32 per cent) had concentrations below the threshold (0.35 mg/100 ml) at which some detrimental effects on health have been reported. PMID- 6668229 TI - Relationship between serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 6668231 TI - Handwriting posture as related to cerebral speech lateralization, sex, and writing hand. AB - The claim that handwriting posture can provide clues to the cerebral lateralization of language was investigated in a sample of 131 patients undergoing preoperative intracarotid injections of sodium amobarbital to determine the side of speech representation. More males than females inverted the left hand when writing, but no consistent relationship was found between speech lateralization and handwriting posture. These results suggest that perceptual asymmetries correlated with hand posture vary independently of cerebral dominance for speech. PMID- 6668230 TI - Neuropsychological and linguistic correlates of atypical language lateralization: evidence from sodium amytal studies. AB - The intracarotid injection of sodium amytal is a technique that has been used to determine on which hemisphere language functions depend. Based on use of this technique in a series of patients (n = 99), three groups of patients - one with left hemisphere language lateralization, one right hemisphere language lateralization, and one bilateral language representation - were identified. These three groups were compared in relation to demographic variables, variables related to seizure disorder and neuropsychological variables. Comparisons were also made between the groups on incidence of speech blockage, naming errors and reading errors and on patterns of linguistic breakdown during reading under conditions of left and right amytal perfusion. The nature, potential etiology and effects of atypical (right hemisphere or bilateral) as opposed to the more common left hemisphere language organization are discussed. PMID- 6668232 TI - Speech representation in an unbiased sample of left-handers. AB - The incidence of left-handedness in a consecutive series of 520 patients selected only for unilateral damage (the majority were strokes), was found to be within normal limits. Left-handers in this sample did not have a higher incidence of aphasia or apraxia than right-handers, although aphasia and apraxia tended to be less severe in left-handers. Statistical evaluation of most previous studies claiming higher frequencies of aphasia in left-handers did not substantiate those claims, except in severely disruptive pathologies. Previous studies employing the sodium Amytal test indicate bilateral speech organization in only a small percentage of left-handers. Although the Amytal data primarily sample cases of long-standing electrographic abnormality which might affect organization for language function, the dichotic listening data from the present study on adult lesions of recent onset are in excellent agreement with the Amytal studies. On the whole, the findings suggest a negligible role of the right-hemisphere in speech function in most left-handers who do not have early left-hemisphere damage. Nevertheless, this ancillary role may be detected, either as a transient effect in cases of sudden pathology, or as a higher frequency of persistent speech disorders in widespread or rapidly progressive pathology. PMID- 6668234 TI - Quantitative studies on speech characteristics of aphasics. A statistical approach to vocabulary. AB - The paper presents a linguistic-statistical study of the vocabulary and word frequency as well as of the variety and frequency distribution of the parts of speech. Ten aphasics were studied in comparison with 10 normal controls. A corpus of 2,500 words was collected in each subject by means of a standard-interview. A significant reduction of vocabulary was noted in aphasics, especially of rare words, the frequent ones becoming still more frequent. Vocabulary reduction unequally affected the various grammatical categories; whereas the proportion of "conceptual" words (noun, adjective, verb) was markedly reduced in aphasics, that of "operational" ones (pronoun, numeral, preposition, conjunction) was less affected. PMID- 6668233 TI - Brain organization for language: clues from sign aphasia. AB - Since sign language conveys many grammatical relations by manipulating spatial relations, its study provides a unique opportunity to investigate cerebral specialization for language. Three deaf signers with damage to the left hemisphere were administered an array of formal sign language tests and a linguistic analysis of their spontaneous signing was performed. All three signers showed aphasia for sign language. Strikingly, in these patients, differential damage within the left hemisphere appeared to lead to selective impairment of the structural layers of sign language (e.g. lexicon versus grammar). These data provide the first demonstration of grammatical breakdown in sign language. Importantly, the language impairments of these patients stood in marked contrast to their relatively intact capacities to process nonlanguage visual-spatial relationships. These results suggest that the two cerebral hemispheres of deaf signers can develop separate specializations for linguistic and for visual spatial processing, even for a visual-spatial language. They further suggest that the left hemisphere has an innate predisposition for language. PMID- 6668235 TI - On learning to speak. AB - Every language, spoken or signed, deploys a large lexicon, made possible by permutation and combination of a small set of linguistic elements. In speech, rapid interleaving of the gestures that form these elements (consonants and vowels) leads to a complex acoustic signal in which the boundaries between elements are lost. However, for the child learning to speak, the initial task is not to recover these elements, but simply to imitate the sound pattern that it hears. Studies of "lipreading" in adults and infants suggest that imitation is mediated by an amodal representation, closely related to the dynamics of articulation, and that a left-hemisphere perceptuo-motor mechanism specialized to make use of this representation develops during the first six months of life. By drawing on this specialized mechanism, the infant learns the recurrent patterns of acoustic structure and articulatory gesture from which linguistic segments must be presumed to emerge. PMID- 6668237 TI - Renal biopsy: a 9-year study at an osteopathic referral center. PMID- 6668236 TI - Frontal hemispheric differences in the Bereitschaftspotential associated with writing and drawing. AB - Twenty right-handed subjects participated in a study investigating the cerebral potentials related to three complex actions: (1) writing one's own signature, (2) drawing a pentagram, and (3) fast meaningless scribbling. The Bereitschaftspotential (BP, readiness potential) started as early as 3 s prior to writing, 2.5 s prior to drawing, but only 1.5 s prior to scribbling. In all three tasks, the BP had its earliest onset over the supplementary motor area (SMA). BP topography was shifted towards the frontal lobes when compared to encephalographic activity reflecting simple finger movements, and was very weak in retro-rolandic leads. The side of the performing hand, as assessed from scribbling, was reflected in a contralateral preponderance of the precentral BP. The maximum BP (about 6 microV) was, in all three tasks, located in FCz (mid fronto-central) overlying the SMA. This location is different from that for simple finger movements, when the maximum is at the vertex. Hemispheric differences were found over the frontal cortex and were characteristic for the verbal and spatial tasks involved: for writing, the BP was significantly larger left frontally than right (even after considering the effect of the performing hand from scribbling), and the difference was largest prior to the onset of movement; for drawing, the BP was larger over the right than over the left frontal lobe, and the difference was largest during the movement. PMID- 6668238 TI - A ten-year retrospective study of cervical conization followed by hysterectomy for various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 6668240 TI - Immediate postoperative thrombosis of the umbilical vein treated by low-dose streptokinase infusion: report of a case. PMID- 6668239 TI - Responses of metastatic prostatic carcinoma to endocrine therapy: report of a case. PMID- 6668241 TI - Straight back syndrome: report of case. PMID- 6668242 TI - Are hepatic arteries end-arteries? AB - Studies of intrahepatic arteries in vivo and after death give dramatically different results concerning the human hepatic circulation. Corrosion casts of human liver vasculature support the existing belief that hepatic arteries are end arteries. However, in vivo studies using angiographic techniques after ligation of either the left or the right ramus of the hepatic artery demonstrate intrahepatic translobar collateral arteries capable of perfusing the entire occluded arterial system. There is no intermediate filling of sinusoids nor of portal venules. Traditional statements that hepatic arteries are end-arteries cannot be supported by the present findings. PMID- 6668243 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of epiplexus cells in the lateral ventricles of the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Scanning electron microscopic study of epiplexus cells in the monkey revealed their diverse morphological forms. These pleomorphic cells were round, bipolar or stellate in shape. Their cell body was smooth or displayed various types of microappendages: microvilli, filopodia, pseudopodia and it was sometimes ruffled. Examination of the ventricular surface of the choroidal epithelium showed that the cell membrane of some of the epithelial cells was ruptured. Within these ruptured cells one or two cellular elements could be found which resembled epiplexus cells. The inclusion cell sometimes appeared to be migrating out of the epithelial cell. It is speculated that these cells represent the precursors of epiplexus cells before their release into the ventricle lumen. PMID- 6668244 TI - Ultrastructural changes in dog femoral condylar cartilage following anterior cruciate ligament section. AB - Canine femoral condylar cartilage from stifle joints subjected to surgical division of the anterior cruciate ligament showed conspicuous, widespread alterations in chondrocyte morphology and matrix organisation when compared by transmission electron microscopy with cartilage from sham-operated and non operated joints. Chondrocyte changes were of a kind associated with increased synthesis of matrix components; zone I cells lost their flattened shape and became rounded, cells in zones I and II developed an extensive endoplasmic reticulum, occurred in pairs more often than usual and were situated in enlarged electron-lucent lacunae. Associated with altered chondrocyte function and increased hydration, the matrix became increasingly disorganised; collagen fibrils were widely separated, disorientated and of small diameter. It is postulated that the disorder is primarily one of inappropriate cell function. PMID- 6668245 TI - Morphological features of the surface of the subcommissural organ and aqueduct in the red necked wallaby (Wallabia rufogrisea). AB - The subcommissural organ and aqueduct of the red necked wallaby were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The surface of the subcommissural organ was similar to that of the possum brain and was superficially similar to that of the rat. However, on close examination, the apical protrusions composing the eutherian subcommissural organ were not present and tight clusters of microvilli were noted instead. Caudal to the subcommissural organ and on each side of the mesocoelic recess there were ciliated paramedian folds. These have been described in the possum but have not been noted in any eutherian mammalian brain. It is believed that these structures are peculiar to marsupial brains. Zones B and C (caudal to the subcommissural organ) represent a superior convex bulge into the aqueduct and then a concavity in the roof of the aqueduct, respectively. Both zones had sparsely ciliated ependyma, the cell surfaces being covered by microvilli. The most caudal zone, C, was much wider and longer than zone B. A line of cells in the roof of the aqueduct similar to zone C has been observed in eutherian mammalian brains in which a dorsal dilation is present. Furthermore, a ridge of long thin ependymal cells has been noted in the roof of the mesencephalon in prenatal rats as early as 16 days of gestation. It is postulated that this region is a circumventricular organ present in ontogeny in all mammals, persisting into the adult only in those with a dorsal dilation in the aqueduct. PMID- 6668246 TI - Three dimensional growth of the mouse isocortex. AB - The three dimensional growth of the mouse isocortex was examined by plotting the variations in intermediate layer depth on orthogonal projections of the telencephalic surface at successive periods of development; a histological status was assigned to each depth. Thus portrayed, the development of the isocortex was seen as a propagated sequence of histological change, commencing at a rostral focus coextensive with the caudatopallial angle and thence spreading across the telencephalic wall. Growth was asymmetric about the focus of origin and terminated in a rostrocaudal direction as the spread of neuron production reached and extinguished a growth zone along the sagittal perimeter of the hemisphere. The possibility of mouse isocortical histogenesis representing a variation of a general mammalian pattern was noted, as was the evolutionary and methodological significance of the apparent coincidence of the origin of the gradient of isocortical neuron release with the region of cortex representing oropharyngeal structures. An alternative form of representation of the isocortical gradient, as the summation of a number of radial strips of tissue each with a similar history of neuron release and migration, was used to lay a foundation for a three dimensional model. PMID- 6668247 TI - The effects of ovariectomy and subsequent progesterone replacement on the uterus of the pregnant mouse. AB - The effects of ovariectomy at day 8 of pregnancy were studied on the granulated metrial gland cells of the mouse uterus, with and without subsequent progesterone replacement. By one day after the ovariectomy the fetuses were dead and there was extensive decidual necrosis. Though numerous granulated cells were still present after one day, accompanied by an extensive polymorphonuclear leucocytosis in the mesometrial triangle, granulated cells virtually disappeared within three days. In animals injected with 1 mg progesterone twice daily over five days, starting at the time of ovariectomy, the pregnancies survived. There was no decidual necrosis, and the numbers, morphology and distribution of the granulated metrial gland cells were normal. In ovariectomised animals injected with 0.5 mg progesterone twice daily most implantation sites after three, four and five days were associated with fetal death, though numerous granulated metrial gland cells survived. In implantation sites where the fetus had survived to thirteen days, there were markedly fewer granulated cells than in implantation sites either from control animals or from animals treated with the higher dosage of progesterone. Cytoplasmic granules in stromal cells of the metrial gland were prominent in the ovariectomised animals. They were much less numerous in animals given the lower dosage of progesterone and absent from those given the higher dosage. PMID- 6668248 TI - The fine structure of autonomic neurons in the wall of the human urinary bladder. AB - Using fresh biopsy specimens, intramural ganglia of the human urinary bladder have been examined by electron microscopy. The fine structural features of these neurons were compatible with their classification as parasympathetic in type. In several ganglia, groups of neurons were observed lying in close apposition to one another without any intervening satellite cell cytoplasm. Apart from occasional septate junctions the apposing membranes lacked any specialisation. The majority of terminals occurring in association with these intramural neurons were axosomatic in location. The terminals contained numerous small agranular and occasional large granulated vesicles and structurally were presumptive cholinergic in type. Occasional axon varicosities packed with a heterogeneous population of small agranular vesicles, large vesicles of variable density and multivesicular bodies lay in close association with the ganglion cells. The functional significance of these morphological features in terms of ganglionic transmission has been considered. PMID- 6668249 TI - Abnormal cartilage from the mandibular condyle of stumpy (stm) mutant mice. AB - The mammalian mandibular condyle is composed of secondary cartilage and may thus be susceptible to genes causing achondroplasia and which result in abnormal++ primary cartilage formation. This paper describes the secondary cartilage in the mandible of the stumpy achondroplastic mutation in the mouse: both primary and secondary cartilage are affected by the gene. PMID- 6668250 TI - Ultrastructure of the myocardium during development from early fetal life to adult life in sheep. AB - The ultrastructure of the developing fetal lamb myocardium was studied in a series of animals spanning 29 days of gestation to term, and compared with newborn and adult animals. All major ultrastructural features which characterise the adult myocyte were found in early fetal life, although with considerably different degrees of development of specific features. Notably, myofibrils at 29 days of gestation are sparse and show little organisation. With advancing gestation there is an increasing number of myofibrils and the development of well defined striations. Thus, at term, the fetal tissue is not substantially different from the adult myofibril in the appearance of sarcomere structure. The observation of contractile tissue paucity and disorder in early fetal lamb myocardium is difficult to reconcile with available physiological data, which show an extraordinary pumping performance of the heart in vivo, and requires further investigation. PMID- 6668252 TI - The distribution of stellate cell descending axons in the rat cerebellum: a Golgi and a combined Golgi-electron microscopical study. AB - Axonal descending branches of stellate cells in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex of the rat were studied by means of Golgi and combined Golgi ultrastructural methods. Special attention was paid to those branches from more superficially located cell bodies. With the Golgi method, it was observed that the number of axons from stellate cells forming pericellular baskets and 'pinceaux' increases as their cell bodies come to lie deeper in the layer. With the combined Golgi-ultrastructural method, it was verified that the synaptic contacts established by these axons are identical to those of axons from basket cells, either contacting Purkinje cell bodies or lying around the axon initial segments, where they establish septate-like junctions. This overlapping of axonal territories between stellate and basket cells is in accordance with the hypothesis that these interneurons, although situated at different levels of the cerebellar molecular layer, may be genetically identical cells. Their diversity of form would depend on the cellular microenvironment present at the time of differentiation. PMID- 6668251 TI - Ultrastructural characteristics associated with the anchoring of corneal epithelium in several classes of vertebrates. AB - The electron microscopic examination of the basal cells of corneal epithelium certain species of Mammalia, Avia, Reptilia, Amphibia and Pisces was directed particularly towards the hemidesmosomes. Sections cut normal to the basal lamina and sections cut parallel to it were studied in order to establish the number, shape and distribution of the hemidesmosomes. Four basic types of hemidesmosome distribution were recognised among a limited representation of the classes studied. (1) Linear chains of hemidesmosomes (Mammalia, Rana, Bufo). (2) Rosette arrangement of hemidesmosomes surrounding pockets of basal plasma membrane (Avia, Anolis, Xenopus). (3) Punctate hemidesmosomes with no arrangement (Thamnophis). (4) Absence of hemidesmosomes (Carassius). All animals showed a basal lamina, basal pinocytotic vesicles, anchoring filaments, tonofilaments, and interdigitating foot-processes. It is suggested that anchoring filaments deserve to be studied more thoroughly in certain other types of epithelia which do not have focal hemidesmosomes, but require firm anchorage to a basal lamina. PMID- 6668253 TI - Stage 9 macaque embryos studied by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Two macaque embryos representing the beginning and the end of stage 9 were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Morphometric evaluation shows that differential growth of head plate elevation, height of the caudal region, width of the head plate and width caudal to the neural groove exceeds embryo elongation, while width of the mid-region, embryonic disc area, width of the embryonic disc, embryo height at the mid-region, length of embryonic disc, and length of the primitive streak undergo relative shrinkage. The head plate becomes topographically subdivided into the three primary segments, while the neural groove narrows, the number of somite pairs increases from one to three, and Hensen's node is obscured. Comparison with relevant rodent studies demonstrates some topographical differences and some cytological similarities. PMID- 6668254 TI - The precedence effect. AB - When two similar transient sounds are presented binaurally in rapid succession, observers hear a single sound from a location which depends mainly on the properties of the first sound to reach the ears. This phenomenon, known as the precedence effect, was explored using stimuli consisting of 20 mus pulses presented using earphones; experiments were carried out on both the classical precedence effect (in which interaural delays provide the cues to lateralization) and on an amplitude-based precedence effect, where interaural amplitude differences provide the cues. Some experiments on the amplitude-based precedence effect led to unexpected but highly consistent anomalous results. The spectral characteristics of stimuli used in studies of both the classical and amplitude based precedence effect were considered and, provided the delay between the two pairs of pulses used in the experiments is 600 mus or less, observers' behaviour is simply related to the amplitude and phase spectra of the stimuli. PMID- 6668255 TI - Recovery of eighth nerve action potential thresholds after exposure to short, intense pure tones: similarities with temporary threshold shift. AB - Exposure of guinea pig cochleas to short (25, 250 and 1000 ms), intense (90 or 100 dB SPL) 10 kHz pure tones reduced cochlear sensitivity to 14 kHz test tones presented at intervals varying from 5 ms to 70 s after the exposure tone. The recovery of cochlear sensitivity, determined as the SPL required to evoke a 20 microV compound action potential (CAP), depended on both the intensity and the duration of the exposure tone and appeared to take place in two or more phases. After a 25 ms, 100 dB SPL exposure, CAP threshold increased by up to 13.5 dB and generally recovered very rapidly (25 ms), although some loss persisted for as long as 400 ms. A similar, but greater and longer, elevation of threshold was seen after long exposure tones. Lower exposure tone intensities (90 dB SPL) produced threshold elevations which generally lasted for only short durations (25 35 ms). The rapid recovery is consistent with the time course of recovery from rapid adaptation, while the slow recovery component is similar to that seen in the cochlea after much longer exposures and may be related to the phenomenon of temporary threshold shift. Long and/or loud exposures also frequently resulted in a third form of threshold elevation, identified in only a few animals, which recovered with a time constant in excess of 25 s. A fourth component occasionally persisted for the duration of the experiment. PMID- 6668256 TI - Components of cochlear electric responses in the alligator lizard. AB - Electric responses to clicks and tones were recorded at the round windows of anesthetized alligator lizards before and after tetrodotoxin (TTX) was added to scala tympani. By combining click responses obtained in the presence and absence of TTX and at high and low click repetition rates, we trisected click responses into three components: (1) a rate-insensitive, TTX-insensitive component (that we identify as the cochlear microphonic potential or CM); (2) a rate-sensitive, TTX sensitive component (that we identify as the neural component); (3) a rate sensitive, TTX-resistant component (which has not been identified previously and which we call component X). Component X is generated in the inner ear and has a latency between that of the CM and the neural component. Several possible origins for component X are discussed of which the most likely is that component X represents the compound post-synaptic potential of the nerve terminals. Measurements of responses to tones in the presence and absence of TTX demonstrate that the contribution of the neural component to the response is appreciable below 1.5 kHz and negligible above this frequency. PMID- 6668257 TI - State of stress within the basilar membrane: a re-evaluation of the membrane misnomer. AB - By deforming and making incisions in the basilar membrane (BM), von Bekesy showed that the BM seems to behave as a thin elastic plate, rather than as a membrane. However, it has never been shown whether a traveling wave could be sustained by a prestretched material in which the tension is insufficient to cause a visible retraction of the cut edges of an incision when viewed with a light microscope. We have shown that the necessary radial tension would decrease exponentially along the cochlea, from a value of 39 +/- 9 N/m at the base, with a space constant of 4.3 +/- 1.1 mm, for the guinea pig. This variable tension would be produced by a constant prestretching surface force of 2.4 +/- 0.1 X 10(6) N/m2, acting on the BM edges. Using values of Young's modulus in the radial direction, ranging from that of elastin to collagen, it is shown that this force would most likely cause a visible retraction of the cut edges of an incision. Therefore one must either conclude, once again, that the BM is effectively an unstretched material or question the original interpretation of the incision experiments. PMID- 6668258 TI - Influence of temperature on tuning of primary-like units in the guinea pig cochlear nucleus. AB - The effect of temperature changes on the response area of primary-like single units recorded extracellularly in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the guinea pig was studied for cochlear temperatures in the range 27.4-40.3 degrees C, while maintaining a normal rectal temperature of 38.5 degrees C. A new approach to the cochlear nucleus was developed which involved opening of the temporal bone overlying the flocculus cavity and aspirating a small portion of the paraflocculus. Irrespective of characteristic frequency CF (0.8-16 kHz), hypothermia caused a reversible elevation of CF thresholds (1.6 dB/degrees C), a small loss of the sharpness of threshold tuning and reductions of the saturation and mean spontaneous rates. The CFs were unaffected, in contrast to single units in birds and cold-blooded animals. From a comparison of the effects of temperature on different species it is proposed that the processes that define CF and sharpness of tuning are different within a cochlea, and that these processes can be differentially influenced. PMID- 6668259 TI - The spiral ganglion and hair cells of Bronx waltzer mice. AB - Inner hair cells and spiral ganglion cells were counted in a mutant mouse strain (Bronx waltzer) reported to have very few of these cells (6) in order to determine if the remaining ganglion cells would be predominantly type II cells. These cell counts indicate a 50% reduction of spiral ganglion cells in Bronx waltzer cochleas compared to normal mice. Averaged throughout the cochlea about 11% of the remaining cells are type II cells while in normal mice this percentage is 5%. In some regions however, as many as 20% of the remaining cells are type II cells. Counts of IHC in surface preparations reveal 37 normal looking IHC (about 5% of the normal population) in each of two Bronx waltzer mouse cochleas. There were also about 120 shrunken IHC in each cochlea, representing 17% of the normal cell population. While there appears to be an increased proportion of type II cells in the Bronx waltzer spiral ganglion there are also many more type I cells than might be expected from the small number of IHC. PMID- 6668260 TI - Mechanical tuning of free-standing stereociliary bundles and frequency analysis in the alligator lizard cochlea. AB - Excised cochleae of alligator lizards were prepared to permit microscopic observations of motion of hair-cell free-standing stereociliary bundles and of the underlying basilar papilla during acoustic stimulation, using stroboscopic illumination. In response to tones of frequency from 0.2 to 5 kHz, the papilla rocks about an axis parallel to its length, displacing stereociliary bundles in the morphologically predicted direction of hair cell sensitivity. The papilla moves in phase along its entire length; for frequencies above about 3 kHz, the amplitude of motion of the most basal region is several times larger than that of the rest of the papilla. Over the basal two-thirds of the organ, stereociliary bundles stand freely in endolymph. In this region, maximum bundle height gradually decreases from about 30 to 12 micron; phase vs. frequency characteristics of bundle displacement with respect to the underlying papilla are those of nearly critically damped mechanical resonators. Resonant frequencies measured along the papilla vary inversely with a power (between 3/2 and 2) of bundle height and are close in value to auditory nerve fiber CFs measured in vivo at corresponding locations across the nerve. We suggest that length-dependent mechanical tuning of stereociliary bundles determines neural frequency selectivity and tonotopic organization in this part of the organ. PMID- 6668261 TI - Efferent effects elicited by electrical stimulation at the round window of the guinea pig. AB - We report a technique for activating the efferent nerve fibres to the cochlea by electrical stimulation at the round window. Such electrical stimulation caused a reduction in the amplitude of the gross nerve response (N1) to a click presented after the electrical stimulus but did not alter the latency of the response. The reduction increased with increasing current strength above 200 microA and increasing rate of electrical pulses above 50 Hz. The effect was also dependent on the duration of the shock train and the pulse width. The reduction in N1 was most pronounced at low click intensities. Recovery of the N1 was almost complete about 80 ms after the end of the electrical stimulus. The effect of electrical stimulation in reducing the N1 amplitude could almost always be blocked by intraperitoneal injections of strychnine. Recovery from the strychnine block was observed when animals were maintained for periods of more than 60 min after the administration of strychnine. The ease of this technique allows it to be used to examine the effects of efferent stimulation on various aspects of cochlear function in the guinea pig. PMID- 6668262 TI - Amoebic liver abscess and immune reactions. PMID- 6668263 TI - Immunological study in cases of amoebic liver abscess. PMID- 6668264 TI - Role of propranolol and aspirin in decreasing platelet aggregation in occlusive cerebrovascular diseases. PMID- 6668265 TI - Effect of prolonged smoking and alcohol on lipid profile, separately and in combination. PMID- 6668266 TI - Renal haemodynamics (GFR, RBF and RPF) in cirrhosis of liver. PMID- 6668267 TI - Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in normotensives--a vascular study. PMID- 6668268 TI - Arrhythmias in inferior wall infarction. PMID- 6668269 TI - Pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis. Should all patients receive post operative anti-tuberculous chemotherapy? PMID- 6668270 TI - Iron deficiency anaemia. PMID- 6668271 TI - Upper abdominal pain. PMID- 6668272 TI - Hypereosinophilic syndrome. PMID- 6668273 TI - Kallmann's syndrome. PMID- 6668274 TI - Paradoxical movements of chest in a patient with unilateral pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 6668275 TI - A rare association of acute intermittent porphyria with Crohn's disease. PMID- 6668276 TI - [Conventional radiologic studies of cancer of the pharyngolarynx]. PMID- 6668277 TI - Computed tomography of laryngeal tumours. PMID- 6668278 TI - [The role of xerography in the evaluation of the spread of pharyngolaryngeal neoplasms]. PMID- 6668279 TI - [Laryngographic examination with contrast medium in adults]. PMID- 6668280 TI - [Tomodensitometry in cervicofacial oncology. Anatomo-radiologic correlation apropos of 27 pharyngolaryngeal cancers]. PMID- 6668281 TI - [Aorto-arteriography of the lower limbs using a weakly-hyperosmolar contrast medium with and without general anesthesia]. PMID- 6668282 TI - Diagnostic ultrasound in the evaluation of a testicular mass. PMID- 6668283 TI - Pulmonary complications in burn patients. AB - In recent years, pulmonary complications have become a major cause of death in burn victims. Familiarity with the spectrum of these complications leads to an earlier and more specific diagnosis based on chest radiographs. We reviewed the medical records and chest radiographs of 239 patients admitted to our burn unit over a one-year period. Pulmonary complications were categorized on the basis of their anatomic location in the respiratory tract and on whether they were the result of direct chemical injury from smoke inhalation, or were secondary to inhalation injury with or without cutaneous burns. Tracheobronchitis, chemical pulmonary edema, and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) resulted from direct injury. Pneumonia, ARDS, pulmonary congestion, atelectasis and pulmonary emboli were the main complications secondary to the injury. Pulmonary complications developed in 76 patients (31.8%) and, of these, 57 died (75%). Patients involved in a closed space fire and those who had a burn involving 50% or more of their surface area seem to be at the greatest risk of developing pulmonary complications. PMID- 6668284 TI - "Micro-gallbladder"--a clue to cystic fibrosis. AB - We report a patient with cystic fibrosis and biliary symptoms who demonstrates a tiny gallbladder on oral cholecystography and ultrasonography which should suggest the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. The term "micro-gallbladder" has been introduced to describe the type of gallbladder seen in cystic fibrosis patients with biliary disease. PMID- 6668285 TI - Danger of urography in hyperuricemic children with Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - During three years, four patients with diffuse abdominal involvement by North American Burkitt's lymphoma presented at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. In three of these untreated patients, an intravenous urogram showed prolonged nephrograms or tubular stasis secondary to urate nephropathy. Careful attention must be given to uric acid levels and, in some instances, nuclear and ultrasonic scanning may replace the traditional urogram or computerized tomography with contrast in the evaluation of the pediatric patient with an abdominal mass, particularly if serum uric acid levels are elevated. PMID- 6668286 TI - Pseudosarcoma of the esophagus: barium swallow and CT findings. AB - Two new patients with pseudosarcoma of the esophagus are presented with the first report of the findings on computerized tomography (CT). The radiographic appearance in the two patients, with 24 previously reported, is reviewed. Barium esophagograms typically demonstrate a large, elongated polypoid mass in the middle or lower third of the esophagus that distends the lumen at the level of the lesion, but does not produce marked obstruction. There are no specific CT characteristics which differentiate pseudosarcoma from squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 6668287 TI - Antegrade pyelography in ureteric duplications with obstructed upper segments. AB - Percutaneous puncture under fluoroscopic control followed by antegrade pyelography was employed in three children, two of them neonates, suspected of having complete duplication of the ureter with obstructed upper segments on the basis of the excretory pyelographic and ultrasonographic findings. This simple, uncomplicated and definitive method confirmed the diagnosis and demonstrated the course, termination and effects of the dilated ectopic ureter. PMID- 6668288 TI - Retroperitoneal pseudolymphadenopathy. AB - Computed tomography is very sensitive in detecting enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Several structures such as vessels, bowel loops, fibrous tissue and hemorrhage can simulate pathologic retroperitoneal nodal enlargement. A thorough awareness of the normal retroperitoneal anatomy will help in correct interpretations and may obviate the need for more invasive diagnostic procedures. PMID- 6668289 TI - Breast light scanning: a real-time breast-imaging modality. AB - A total of 450 patients was referred for real time transillumination of both breasts. Of these, 84 were investigated by either cyst aspiration or excisional biopsy within two months of the breast light scan. Fourteen malignant and 70 benign lesions were correctly diagnosed by light scanning preoperatively. X-ray mammography produced four false negative results in this same group of patients. Two of the malignant lesions diagnosed by light scanning were not palpable. Light scanning had a sensitivity of .93 in the detection of breast cancer and a specificity of .89 in this study, following correlation with biopsy or cyst aspiration. Although mammography is still the reference technique in breast screening, real time light scanning by an experienced operator and interpreter should be an important adjunct in any clinic responsible for evaluating breast disease. The technique has the advantage of being safe, painless, noninvasive, and using no ionizing radiation. The technique is also acceptable to patients. It requires no preparation, and examination time rarely exceeds 15 minutes. PMID- 6668290 TI - Patterns of pneumatization and septation of the sphenoidal sinus. AB - The sphenoidal bones of 70 adults were removed at post-mortem and were examined for the degree of pneumatization, number of intersphenoidal septa and the relationship of the septa to the lowest portion of the sellar floor. In 85.7%, pneumatization was of the sellar type, in 11.4% of the pre-sellar type and in 2.8% of the conchal type, as defined here. A single septum was present in 61%, two septa in 14%, more than two septa in 12.8% and no septum was present in 11.4%. The insertion of the septum represented the lowest point in the sellar floor in 50% of the bones. In these the septum was located in the center of the sellar floor. Attachment to one or the other side did not correspond to the lowest point of the sellar floor. PMID- 6668291 TI - Fluid-level motion artifact in computed tomography. AB - Ingestion of oral contrast material as a routine part of abdominal computerized tomographic scanning creates numerous gas and fluid interfaces within the gastrointestinal tract. Following deep inspiration or expiration, fluid motion induced by shifting intra-abdominal contents persists for several seconds. This causes radial streak artifacts to arise from air-fluid interfaces, even though respiration is suspended while the scan is made. Such artifacts can be reduced if the beginning of a scan is delayed to allow fluid motion to stop. An alternative is to re-scan an area of interest in the lateral decubitus position so as to shift air-fluid levels and their associated artifacts away from any region in question. PMID- 6668293 TI - Sievert, gray and dose equivalent. AB - The concepts of physical quantity and physical units of measurement are presented. The relations between quantities, the names and symbols for SI (International System) base units, derived units and special names of SI units are illustrated. From the definition of the radiation quantity dose equivalent, the SI unit for this quantity is shown to be dimensionally identical with the joule per kilogram. The sievert (Sv) is the special (restricted) name for the SI unit of the quantity dose equivalent, with 1 Sv = 1 J/kg. PMID- 6668294 TI - Pitfalls to avoid: a chest mass in a tachypneic child. AB - A mass adjacent to the right upper mediastinum in an asymptomatic seven-week-old girl displacing the upper lobe segmental bronchi was considered to be a normal thymus. The mass regressed over the next two years. The child is clinically and radiologically normal at age seven years. PMID- 6668292 TI - Distribution of gastric ulcers by double contrast barium meal with endoscopic correlation. AB - The double contrast barium meals and endoscopic examinations of 246 patients with 264 benign gastric ulcers were reviewed with regard to the location of these ulcers. Seventy-four per cent of ulcers were found in the antral portion of the stomach within 7 cm of the pyloric canal. A similar study in the United Kingdom revealed that the majority of ulcers were in the upper body of the stomach. Since true gastric ulcers almost always arise in a pyloric type of mucosa, or in the zone of transition from pyloric to body type mucosa, perhaps this junction zone lies higher in a United Kingdom population than in North Americans. Possibly the higher transition zone and the documented higher frequency of gastric malignancy in the United Kingdom are related. PMID- 6668295 TI - Pitfalls in ultrasonographic diagnosis with fatty infiltration of the liver. AB - Problems in ultrasonography in patients with fatty infiltration of the liver include the possible misinterpretation of small, solid, focal lesions within the liver as being cystic; attributing the relative sonolucency of the pancreas to pancreatitis in the absence of pancreatic disease; and an inability to display normal right renal anatomy using the liver as a "window." Recognition of these problems and careful attention to equipment settings and scanning techniques should prevent errors. PMID- 6668296 TI - Congenital lobar emphysema with tracheal bronchus. AB - A three-month-old infant presenting with a heart murmur and respiratory distress was found to have a Tetralogy of Fallot, a right aortic arch, and a hyperaerated right upper lobe of lung. Bronchoscopy and bronchography revealed that the bronchus to the emphysematous lobe arose from the distal trachea. No similar patient has been reported to my knowledge. PMID- 6668297 TI - Calcification in a pleural mesothelioma. AB - Extensive calcification in a rapidly growing malignant mixed mesothelioma of the pleura was observed on plain radiography and computed tomography of the chest in a patient with a long history of asbestos exposure and chronic renal failure. PMID- 6668298 TI - Symptomatic inverted Meckel's diverticulum. Case report. AB - The radiographic diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum in an asymptomatic individual is extremely difficult. Complications of the diverticulum may make preoperative diagnosis possible. A persistent, elongated filling defect within the distal ileum in a patient with chronic blood loss and symptoms of partial obstruction is most likely to be due to an inverted Meckel's diverticulum. PMID- 6668299 TI - Retrohepatic gallbladder diagnosed by sonography and scintigraphy. PMID- 6668300 TI - Retrorenal gallbladder. A case report. AB - Abdominal computed tomography revealed a mass posterior to the right kidney in a patient with a history of malignancy. This mass was demonstrated to be an abnormally situated gallbladder. PMID- 6668301 TI - Spinal meningeal AVM supplied from the internal iliac artery associated with tethered cord syndrome in an adult: case report. AB - We report a 69-year-old woman with a spinal meningeal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) supplied entirely from the internal iliac artery. In addition, the patient also had a tethered cord and a sacral fibromuscular cyst. To our knowledge, this is the second patient reported with such an association. PMID- 6668302 TI - Arteriography in catheter-induced rupture of the pulmonary artery. AB - Rupture of the pulmonary artery is a potential complication of the use of a Swan Ganz catheter. We report a single case in which the site of rupture was visualized on a postmortem arteriogram, but was not apparent on a contrast radiograph performed prior to death, presumably due to inadequate filling of the arterial tree with contrast. Awareness of the value of a properly performed arteriogram may allow a lifesaving lobectomy or pneumonectomy. PMID- 6668303 TI - Neonatal ileocolic intussusception with enterogenous cyst: ultrasonic diagnosis. AB - An eight-day-old girl had sonography performed to rule out pyloric stenosis because of recurrent vomiting and a right upper quadrant mass. Caudal to the normal pylorus sonography demonstrated an elongated mass containing two hypoechoic rings with a cyst at the end of it. An ileocolic intussusception was then diagnosed by a barium examination. Surgery confirmed the diagnosis, the leading mass being a duplication cyst. PMID- 6668304 TI - Speeds of film-screen combinations for radiography. AB - Values of Ex, the exposure required to yield a net optical density of 1.0, were determined for 12 blue- and nine green-sensitive film types used with 11 blue- and eight green-emitting screen types respectively. The measurements were made using x-rays generated at 80 kVp and 200 mA, under conditions simulating clinical procedures. To examine reciprocity law failure many of the determinations were repeated under similar conditions but at 15 mA. The values of Ex obtained at 15 mA were 6% to 93% greater than those at 200 mA. PMID- 6668305 TI - The physics of x-ray CT--a self assessment review guide. PMID- 6668306 TI - Sugar-specific endocytosis of glycoproteins by Lewis lung carcinoma cells. AB - Lewis lung carcinoma cells from tumors, metastasis nodules, or from culture bind fluorescent derivatives of neoglycoproteins containing alpha-D-glucose residues: This binding is competitively inhibited by neoglycoproteins containing alpha-D glucose, by mannan, and by several other neoglycoproteins. Cell binding and uptake of the fluorescent derivatives of the neoglycoproteins was quantified by lysing the cells with an alkylpolyol (MAC 19 or MAC 18) and measuring the fluorescence intensity of the supernatant. The amount of cell-associated neoglycoprotein was higher at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C with LLC from tumor. The binding and uptake were inhibited by glycoconjugates containing alpha D-glucose. These results suggest the presence of sugar specific receptors in Lewis lung carcinoma cells which are involved in a sugar-specific binding and endocytosis phenomenon. The implication of the existence of a carbohydrate binding protein on the surface of Lewis lung carcinoma cells are discussed with regard to the in vivo behaviour of these cells, especially in relation to their metastatic properties and to the possibility of using neoglycoproteins as specific carriers of cytotoxic drugs. Hybrid molecules of gelonin and neoglycoprotein containing alpha-D-glucose were used as targetted toxin: The targetted toxin was found to bind to and to enter the intact cells and was 100 times more toxic than free drug. PMID- 6668307 TI - Capillary gas chromatographic profiling of total long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol in biological materials. AB - The profiling of total long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol in a variety of biological materials, using capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, is described. The within-run precision and day-to-day precision for fifteen fatty acids and cholesterol in erythrocyte samples were investigated. Quantitative data on the analysis of amniotic fluid samples collected from women in the 30th to 38th week are given together with a correlation study on their lecithin/sphingomyelin and their palmitic acid/stearic acid ratios. In addition, the method was applied to lumbar cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, isolated leukemic blood cells and neuroblastoma tissue. PMID- 6668308 TI - Determination of catecholamines in urine by ion-exchange liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of free urinary concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine is presented. For urine samples, pre-purified by adsorption onto alumina, ion-exchange chromatography was, in terms of selectivity, found to be superior to the more widely used reversed-phase chromatography. The column eluates were monitored with an electrochemical detector utilizing a glassy carbon working electrode. The method allows determination of the concentrations in 0.5 ml of normal urine samples with a relative standard deviation below 2%. PMID- 6668309 TI - A gas chromatographic assay for the determination of 5,6-dihydrofluorouracil and 5-fluorouracil in human plasma. AB - A gas chromatographic assay for the determination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5,6-dihydrofluorouracil (FDHU) is described. The selectivity and sensitivity of the method allows the determination of both 5-FU and FDHU in 200 microliters of plasma. Diphenylsuccinimide and chlorouracil were used as external and internal standard, respectively. The assay including the extraction shows a good linearity in the range 0-5000 ng/ml plasma for 5-FU as well as for FDHU. 5-FU and FDHU plasma concentrations of a number of patients with breast cancer treated with 5 FU were determined in order to demonstrate the usefulness of the method. PMID- 6668310 TI - Quantification of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, and 10-hydroxy metabolite isomers in plasma by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-sensitive detection. AB - A selective, sensitive method for the determination of amitriptyline and its metabolites is described. This method involves liquid-liquid extraction and capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-sensitive detection. The detection limits of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, 10-hydroxy(E)amitriptyline, 10 hydroxy(E)nortriptyline, and 10-hydroxy(Z)nortriptyline were slightly less than 0.5 ng/ml in 1.0-ml plasma samples. The coefficients of variation for within-run and between-run analyses of samples containing 100 ng/ml were less than 12% and 9%, respectively. The method offers rapid analysis of individual isomers, increased sensitivity over high-performance liquid chromatographic methodology and the conveniences of the gas chromatographic technique. PMID- 6668311 TI - Comparison of gas chromatographic--electron-capture detection and high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of butofilolol in biological fluids. AB - Two selective and sensitive methods for the quantitative analysis of butofilol in human plasma and urine are discussed. The first method is a gas chromatographic assay with electron-capture detection using extraction with toluene, several clean-up procedures and derivatization. The second method is based on high performance liquid chromatography and a single extraction with dichloromethane. The two assay methods were applied to the determination of the same human plasma samples after administration of a single, oral 200-mg dose of butofilolol. A good correlation between the results (inter-laboratory comparison) is obtained, validating both techniques. PMID- 6668312 TI - Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of omeprazole and its sulphone and sulphide metabolites in human plasma and urine. AB - Omeprazole, a substituted benzimidazole which suppresses gastric acid secretion, and its sulphone and sulphide metabolites were simultaneously measured in human plasma and urine using a selective, reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatographic method with a sensitivity of 5 ng/ml for omeprazole, 30 ng/ml for omeprazole sulphone, and 50 ng/ml for omeprazole sulphide. The coefficients of variation for within-day assays were 4.4, 7.5, and 17.5%, respectively. In a pilot pharmacokinetic study, 40 mg of omeprazole (encapsulated enteric-coated granules) were administered to two healthy volunteers. Peak plasma concentrations for omeprazole of 240 and 520 ng/ml, and for omeprazole sulphone of 320 and 400 ng/ml, were reached between 3 and 4 h post-dose. Omeprazole concentrations fell rapidly with apparent half-lives of about 40 min, and concentrations of both omeprazole and the sulphone metabolite were below the minimal detectable level by 6-8 h. Omeprazole sulphide could not be detected in this study. PMID- 6668313 TI - Determination of naloxone in blood by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid, sensitive, selective and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the quantification of naloxone in small blood samples of premature infants. Naloxone and the internal standard, naltrexone, are extracted from alkalinized blood into diethyl ether and subsequently back extracted into 0.05% (v/v) phosphoric acid before chromatographing on a reversed-phase system. The mobile phase comprises 85 parts of acetonitrile and 15 parts of 0.06% (v/v) triethylamine in an aqueous phosphoric acid solution at pH 5 and is pumped at 1.5 ml/min. The retention times of naloxone and naltrexone were observed to be 5.4 and 7.5 min respectively. Ultraviolet detection at 214 nm enabled a limit of detection of 1 ng to be achieved. The reproducibility of the method was good at both 100 ng (C.V. = 3.4%; n = 9) and 10 ng (C.V. = 5.1%; n = 6). The high sensitivity and speed with which this assay can be performed makes it especially useful for the estimation of naloxone in small volumes (0.3-0.6 ml) of blood. It is thus particularly valuable for the determination of naloxone blood concentration-time profiles in premature infants where the minimization of the volume of blood collected is of paramount importance. PMID- 6668314 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic quantitation of trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and N4-acetylsulfamethoxazole in body fluids. AB - We describe a rapid, precise and simple procedure for the quantitative determination of trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and N4-acetylsulfamethoxazole in body fluids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. This method utilizes antipyrine as an internal standard with the compounds detected by dual wavelength monitoring at 225 nm and 254 nm after a single-step extraction. Precision, sensitivity, and accuracy of this assay are within the range of clinical utility; the coefficient of variation is less than or equal to 3%, sensitivity less than 0.5 micrograms/ml for all compounds, and recovery greater than 97%. The short time for performance and small sample size makes the assay ideal for clinical drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 6668315 TI - Rapid, sensitive and fully automated high-performance liquid chromatographic assay with fluorescence detection for sulmazole and metabolites. AB - Sulmazole (2-[(2-methoxy-4-methylsulfinyl)phenyl]-3H-imidazo [4,5-b] pyridine; AR L 115 BS) and two metabolites (sulfide, sulfone) were quantified from directly injected body fluids (plasma, urine, bile) after high-performance liquid chromatographic separation. No internal standard is needed, which is particularly advantageous when fluorescence detection is established. After automated pre column enrichment on Corasil C18 (37-50 microns), the parent compound and biotransformation products could be backflushed and chromatographed on ODS Hypersil (5 microns) with a mixture of 0.075 mol/l phosphate buffer-acetonitrile (2:1), an elution rate of 2.0 ml/min and fluorimetric detection (lambda ex = 330 nm; lambda em = 370 nm). A hydroxylated metabolite of sulmazole which occurs preferentially in urine (and bile) can be quantified in the above-mentioned solvent system diluted 1:1 with water, but with different fluorescence characteristics (lambda ex = 345 nm; lambda em = 515 nm). The assay was linear in the range 8-1000 ng/ml. The lower limit of detection was about 8 ng/ml or 80 pg with coefficients of variation between 0.4 and 5.8% for sulmazole. PMID- 6668316 TI - Automated high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of antipyrine and its main metabolites in plasma, saliva and urine, including 4,4' dihydroxyantipyrine. AB - A rapid, selective and sensitive method was developed for the determination of antipyrine and its main metabolites in plasma, saliva and urine by an automated high-performance liquid chromatographic system. Using a MOS-Hypersil reversed phase column with a phosphate buffer--acetonitrile mobile phase, baseline separation of antipyrine, its metabolites 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine, norantipyrine and 4-hydroxyantipyrine, and the internal standard, phenacetin, was achieved within 6 min. Factors regarding the accuracy and precision of the method and the stability of phase I metabolites during sample preparation are discussed, taking into account certain drawbacks of previously published methods. Based on the same chromatographic system a method was developed for the assay of 4,4' dihydroxyantipyrine in urine. This compound is an important metabolite of antipyrine in the rat, representing 12.6 +/- 1.8% of the administered dose (n = 18). PMID- 6668317 TI - Method of analysis of the new cardiotonic agent, MDL 19,205, in plasma and urine and its application in a dog pharmacokinetic study. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the analysis of plasma and urine concentrations of a new cardiotonic agent, MDL 19,205 (I). This procedure was utilized to study the pharmacokinetics of I in beagle dogs. The results of the dog study show that the compound is completely and rapidly absorbed. Plasma concentrations fell in a monoexponential manner with a half-life of about 1.3 h which was unaffected by dose in the range 3-30 mg/kg. Urinary excretion of unchanged I accounts for about one-half of the dose and is essentially complete in 24-48 h. PMID- 6668318 TI - Measurement of amphotericin B in serum or plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of amphotericin B in 25 microliters of serum or plasma is described. The procedure involves the addition of the internal standard, p-nitrobenzyloxyamine, to the sample followed by a precipitation of protein with acetonitrile. The supernatant is directly injected into a chromatograph attached to a reversed-phase mu Bondapak (Waters) column containing C18 packing. The mobile phase is a 60 : 40 mixture of a sodium acetate buffer (10 mM, pH 7.0)--acetonitrile, and we employ a flow-rate of 1.5 ml/min and a detection wavelength of 405 nm. Total analysis time per sample is 10 min. Coefficients of variation were found to be less than 4% for concentrations less than 2 mg/l. Analytical recoveries were between 75 and 80%. No drug or drug metabolite interference was found. The method will be used to study pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data in a pediatric population. PMID- 6668319 TI - Quantitation of digitoxin and the bis- and monodigitoxosides of digitoxigenin in serum. AB - A specific assay is described for measuring the concentration of digitoxin and the bis- and monoglycosides of digitoxigenin in serum. The procedure includes: (1) addition of a tracer amount of tritium labeled parent compound to the serum in order to measure percentage recovery; (2) solvent extraction to separate polar and non-polar metabolites; (3) reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography of the non-polar fraction to separate digoxigenins from digitoxigenins; (4) thin-layer chromatography to isolate digitoxin, and the bis- and monoglycosides of digitoxigenin; and (5) use of an 125I-radioimmunoassay to determine the concentration of the glycosides. Each of these three glycosides was administered intravenously to a normal subject, and the concentration of parent compound was measured in the serum at various times. PMID- 6668320 TI - Determination of D-glucaric acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6668321 TI - Flat-bed isoelectric focusing of high-density lipoproteins. PMID- 6668322 TI - Simple and rapid method for the determination of caffeine in urine using Extrelut 1 columns. PMID- 6668323 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of methohexital in plasma or whole blood with electron-capture detection of the pentafluorobenzyl derivative. PMID- 6668324 TI - Measurement of moclobamide, a new monoamine oxidase inhibitor, by gas chromatography with nitrogen-selective detection. PMID- 6668325 TI - Improved gas-liquid chromatographic method for measuring fenfluramine and norfenfluramine in heparinised plasma. PMID- 6668326 TI - Rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of diflunisal in biological fluids. PMID- 6668327 TI - Quantification of quinine in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6668328 TI - Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the measurement of hymecromon and its conjugates in blood plasma or serum at concentrations attained during therapy. PMID- 6668329 TI - Micro high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the quantitation of serum propylthiouracil. PMID- 6668330 TI - Ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography in drug assay in biological fluids. III. Propranolol, nadolol and prazosin. PMID- 6668331 TI - Simple and rapid determination of fenoprofen in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6668332 TI - Gel permeation, ion-exchange and reversed-phase columns for separation of metallothioneins by high-performance liquid chromatography-atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - Metallothioneins were separated on three kinds of HPLC column that differ in separation principle: gel permeation, ion exchange and reversed phase. Elution of the columns at neutral to weakly basic buffer conditions prevented dissociation of the metals, and the metals bound to metallothioneins were quantitatively eluted out. The metals in the eluate were continuously determined on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer by introducing the eluate directly to the nebulizer tube. Prerequisites for the on-line separation-detection system are discussed. PMID- 6668333 TI - Isolation and analysis of odorous components in swine manure. AB - Systematic procedures are described for the isolation and extraction of odorous components in swine faeces, urine and rotten mixtures of swine faeces and urine. Samples were frozen and subjected to vacuum distillation in the frozen state. The distillate was continuously extracted with diethyl ether. The residue was extracted with diethyl ether and the extract was subjected to vacuum distillation. The former extract and the latter distillate were combined and concentrated. Recovery by these procedures was considered. Odorous compounds isolated were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 6668334 TI - Determination of pentoxifylline and its major metabolites in microbial extracts by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods have been developed for the determination of the xanthine drug, pentoxifylline, and three of its metabolites (a secondary alcohol and two carboxylic acids) in microbial extracts. The methods require initial extraction of acidified media with dichloromethane 2-propanol (4:1). Extracts are submitted to TLC development on silica gel G layers using three solvents and HPLC development on an C18 column using methanol-phosphoric acid (0.02 M, pH 5) (3:7) as mobile phase. All systems provide good separations of the drug and its metabolites. Quantitative analyses of pentoxifylline and its metabolites by HPLC were accurate and precise. The HPLC method was applied to studies of the metabolism of pentoxifylline by two microorganisms. PMID- 6668335 TI - Application of electrochemical detection to the determination of ethoxyquin residues by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6668336 TI - Interaction of 9-aminoacridine, ethidium bromide and harman with DNA characterized by size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6668337 TI - Rapid quantitation of ethopabate in chicken muscles using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection: purification from extractant by continuous liquid-liquid partition. PMID- 6668338 TI - Determination of calcium pantothenate in multivitamin preparations by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6668339 TI - Quantitative analysis of ethisterone and ethynyl oestradiol preparations by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6668340 TI - Separation of cardiotoxins (cytotoxins) from the venoms of Naja naja and Naja naja atra by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6668341 TI - Purification of acidic phospholipases from Indian cobra (Naja naja naja) venom. PMID- 6668342 TI - Determination of tetramethylammonium ion in shellfish by ion chromatography. PMID- 6668343 TI - Immunochemical studies of the non-specific interactions of cyanogen bromide activated macroporous agarose-based immunoadsorbents. AB - This paper reports studies of the origin of the undesirable non-specific adsorption in immunoadsorption chromatography. The non-specificity of cyanogen bromide (CNBr)-activated macroporous agarose (Sepharose 4B)-based immunoadsorbents has been assessed from a comparative study of the following parameters: (1) The non-specific adsorption of protein (IgG) on unsubstituted cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B. (2) The non-specific adsorption of proteins (human serum IgG and sheep IgG) on cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B-sheep IgG immunoadsorbent. (3) The non-specific adsorption of proteins, immunoglobulin G(IgG) and human serum albumin (HSA) on cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B-sheep anti-human IgG immunoadsorbent and (4) the non-specific adsorption of peptides and amino acids on cyanogen-bromide activated Sepharose 4B sheep anti-human IgG immunoadsorbent. PMID- 6668344 TI - [Cell membrane permeability of D-glucose]. PMID- 6668345 TI - [Changes in the nomenclature of type A influenza virus strains]. PMID- 6668346 TI - [Ecological studies on the microbial flora of raw oysters (Crassostrea gigas) harvested in Hiroshima and the Tohoku district]. PMID- 6668347 TI - [Behavior of El Tor cholera Vibrio in various environments, especially in foodstuffs and live shellfish]. PMID- 6668348 TI - [Enhanced capillary permeability in type I allergic reaction and the effect of prostaglandins]. PMID- 6668349 TI - [Comparative studies on influenza viruses recently isolated in Japan and in regions of Southeast Asia (The Philippines and Thailand)]. PMID- 6668350 TI - [Epidural venography for the diagnosis of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation]. PMID- 6668351 TI - EEG spikes and thereto corresponding hyperpolarizations of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus of the normal rabbit. PMID- 6668352 TI - [Histo-pathological study on the causative factors of renal infarctions, with special reference to the relation between renal cortical necrosis and fresh renal infarcts]. PMID- 6668353 TI - EEG spikes (deactivating effects) produced by electrical stimulation of the brain stem in rabbit hippocampus. PMID- 6668354 TI - [Changes in visual evoked potentials induced by tricyclic antidepressants in patients with endogenous depression]. PMID- 6668355 TI - Muscle tension response to sinusoidal length perturbation: a theoretical study. AB - The set of kinetic equations that defines a deterministic model of muscle contraction, based on the sliding filament hypothesis in which the relative sliding velocity is an independent variable, is numerically integrated under the simulated conditions of sinusoidal length perturbation. The frequency response curve of phase angle and dynamic stiffness are in agreement with experimental curves. The resultant mean tension per cycle is lower than the unperturbed steady state tension. The magnitude of the negative tension deviation is greater when either the amplitude or the frequency of the oscillation is increased. The tension-time curve differs from a simple sine when the perturbing frequency is in the vicinity of the stiffness minimum. These consequences are in agreement with the few experimental results that are available. PMID- 6668356 TI - A study of bend formation in locally reactivated hamster sperm flagella. AB - Mature golden hamster sperm were demembranated with Triton X-100, and the flagellum was reactivated locally by iontophoretic application of ATP at various distances from the base. The response was a brief local straightening of a short length of the flagellum followed by the formation of a pair of bends beyond the two ends of the straight region. The two possible proximo-distal sequences of bends, either PR (principal and reverse bends) or RP, could be distinguished and their incidence studied. The formation of PR and RP bend pairs is interpreted as the result of active sliding of the axonemal doublet subsets 1-4 and 6-9 respectively. The probability of obtaining a PR response increased (1) with the initial local curvature of the resting R bend and (2) with the distance of the stimulated site from the flagellar base; it decreased with the duration of incubation after demembranation. The patterns of response in the middle and the principal piece of the flagellum were basically similar although the former was weaker and more complicated. Quantitative analysis of the ATP-induced movements indicates little or no net microtubule displacement distal to the pair of induced bends, suggesting the cancelling of microtubule displacements in the two bends. However, the expected balance in the rate of growth of the two bends was upset by the decay of one bend simultaneously with decay of the original adjacent bend. Propagation of the interbend region started before the growth of the pair of bends reached its maximum, and seemed to be triggered by a critical bend curvature. Propagation was always in the direction base to tip. Experimental findings also suggest a role in the determination of the waveform for the fibrous structures on the periphery of the axoneme which are characteristic of the mammalian sperm flagellum. The present study strengthens the experimental evidence for the mathematical model which proposes that active sliding occurs mainly in the interbend region and causes bending of segments in opposite directions. In addition our findings indicate that the activation of alternate halves of the axoneme is curvature dependent, suggesting a basis for the flagellar oscillation. PMID- 6668357 TI - Direct attachment of membrane to the Z-band of rabbit skeletal myofibrils. AB - In preparations of isolated myofibrils from rabbit white skeletal muscle, strands could be seen attached to the myofibrils at the level of the Z-band. The membranous nature of these strands was suggested by their appearance and was confirmed by their removal with the detergent, Triton X-100. The membrane appeared to be connected directly with the Z-band, with no intervening filaments or cables. It is suggested that these direct connections serve to anchor the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the myofibrils. PMID- 6668358 TI - A comparison of order and orientation of crossbridges in rigor and relaxed muscle fibres using fluorescence polarization. AB - Information has been obtained concerning the spatial disposition of the fluorescent reagent 5-(iodoacetamidoethylaminonaphthalene)-1-sulphonic acid bound covalently to muscle proteins in chemically skinned fibres of rabbit psoas muscle, using a novel time-gated fluorescence detection system to reject scattered incident light selectively. The results are consistent with a model of muscle crossbridge organization in which a particular crossbridge axial angle is strongly favoured in the rigor state. The structure in relaxation is less well ordered, but the favoured axial angle appears to be very close to that in rigor. This conclusion does not depend upon which of the models of crossbridge organization considered here is chosen, and is essentially unchanged if results obtained using a different fluorophore are analysed in the same way. PMID- 6668359 TI - An effect of parathyroid hormone on the epiphyseal plate and osteoblasts: studies towards a cytochemical bioassay. AB - There are reports of an apparent dissociation between the responses of kidney and bone to parathyroid hormone (PTH): certain fragments or analogues have been shown to have differential activity in these two tissues. Consequently, cytochemical bioassay techniques have been applied to the development of an assay for PTH using the epiphyseal plate of the rat metatarsal as the target organ. Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the zone of hypertrophic cartilage is stimulated in a log-linear fashion with increasing concentrations of parathyroid hormone over the range 0.001 - 1.0 pg/ml. A parallel response was found in the osteoblasts of the metaphysis. Measurements of a normal and a hyperparathyroid plasma sample showed good parallelism to the standard graph and good discrimination. Addition of a PTH - specific antibody inhibited both the effect of the standard preparation of the hormone, and the response induced by dilutions of a normal plasma. PMID- 6668360 TI - Production of a high affinity antibody specific to the calcium-free-form of calmodulin, using N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine-calmodulin conjugate. AB - Covalent coupling of N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D--isoglutamine (MDP) to calmodulin was used in order to enhance its immunogenicity. Rabbit antibodies against calmodulin were obtained, interacting with the calcium--free-form of calmodulin. The radioimmunoassay was developed using the whole sera (titre 1:20,000) having a sensitivity of 20 pg per tube (50% displacement 500 pg/assay tube). The radioimmunoassay shows the same concentrations of calmodulin in rat brain homogenate (4.9 +/- 0.86 micrograms/mg protein), bovine neurosecretosomes (0.77 +/- 0.10 microgram/mg protein), and bovine neurohypophysial secretory vesicles (0.05 +/- 0.01 microgram/mg protein) as the phosphodiesterase activation method. PMID- 6668361 TI - Learning disability assessed through audiologic and physiologic measures: a case study. AB - This report describes a child with central auditory dysfunction. Audiologic tests (Willeford Battery and Staggered Spondaic Word Test) indicate a brain-stem dysfunction but normal cortical functioning. Electrophysiologic tests corroborated these results. Brain-stem auditory-evoked responses (BAERs) indicated an absent contralateral peak III bilaterally when stimulating each ear separately. This is the first reported case where brain-stem dysfunction on audiologic tests were associated with specific electrophysiologic changes in the BAER. PMID- 6668362 TI - Learning disabilities with communicative disorders as related handicaps: a two year study. AB - This study presents a demographic profile of learning-disabilities children with communicative disorders as related handicaps, and attempts to determine the analytical impact of including these children with children manifesting communicative disorders as primary handicaps. The purpose of this investigation emerged as a result of problems stemming from current definitions of learning disabilities as they relate to speech--language pathology and audiology, and from unavailable data on communicative disorders as related handicaps. The findings indicate that 0.35% of the school population were learning-disabled with communicative disorders as secondary handicaps; these children represented 30.2% of the service delivery for communicative disorders. The white: black ratio of 1.8: 1 did not coincide with the population ratio; this finding was unfavorable for blacks. Sex and race were confounding variables, with sex as the stronger one. Further, the study indicated that service delivery for language disorders and males were greater than in other communicative disordered populations. PMID- 6668363 TI - Stutterers' practices: folk remedies and therapeutic intervention. AB - Therapy with stutterers often attempts to eliminate the secondary "tricks" or "crutches" used by stutterers in social interaction. This study challenges such treatment, suggesting that these natural folk remedies are competent practices devised by stutterers to deal with the problematic contingencies posed by social life. Stutterers, rather than being manipulative, are highly attuned to the taken for-granted structure of everyday interaction. I detail a number of the practices used by stutterers and argue that they comprise part of the ensemble of interactional and conversational practices used by "normal" speakers. The therapeutic implications suggest that therapists work with these natural remedies rather than denigrating them in the course of treatment. PMID- 6668364 TI - Teaching clinic conference participant interaction. AB - The purpose of this study was to analyze the talk behaviors that occur during teaching clinic supervisory conferences. Two matched groups of five clinicians participated in teaching clinic supervision for 4 wk. Two supervisors alternately supervised both groups. The teaching clinic conferences were videotaped at the end of the second and fourth week. Segments of the conferences were coded using the Multidimensional Observational System for the Analysis of Interactions in Clinical Supervision (MOSAICS). Supervisors, peers, and clinicians did not differ statistically in quantity or in categories of talk during conferences. The teaching clinics appeared to have characteristics of both direct and indirect conferencing. Teaching clinic supervision appeared to foster the development of selfsupervisory behaviors in student speech--language pathologists as reflected by their active conference participation, problem-solving, and strategy development. Participants, in general, expressed satisfaction with the process and its outcomes. PMID- 6668365 TI - An educational/remedial approach for language delayed children using children's storybooks. AB - This study explores the use of a modified cloze procedure in assessing a child's oral comprehension. It encourages the speech pathologist and special educator to use this procedure in a diagnostic and therapeutic context with children who are developmentally delayed. Its routine use broadens the role definition of the educator as a skilled evaluator and trainer in grammatical decoding and subsequent vocabulary development. PMID- 6668366 TI - Language-based cognitive abilities in adult aphasia: rationale for intervention. AB - The purpose of this investigation is to explore operational definitions of cognition, intelligence, information processing, language-based cognitive abilities, cognitive processes and products, problem solving, decision making, and the complex events that happen in the brain when one stimulates a patient. These definitions are explored in order to develop a coherent and generative rationale for therapy. It is hypothesized that a specification of the underlying targets of our stimulation therapy may increase the effectiveness of our intervention efforts. PMID- 6668367 TI - Visuospatial analysis of the printed word. AB - Aphasic individuals often lose the ability to analyze written information phonetically because of left hemisphere damage experienced through cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or head trauma. In this study, aphasic and normal adults demonstrated use of a right hemisphere visuospatial strategy to analyze printed whole works and word parts such as prefixes and suffixes. The performances of the two groups were similar, suggesting that the hypothesized strategy could be useful as a reading approach for aphasics. PMID- 6668368 TI - Language sampling in deaf children: a comparison of oral and signed communication modes. AB - Fourteen deaf children (eight from total communication and six from oral classes) and seven non-hearing-impaired peers were given a number of tasks designed to elicit spontaneous language. These tasks included retelling stories they had previously read aloud (read), retelling stories told to them with accompanying pictures (told), and responding to questions about pictures (pictures). Traditional language sampling indices of verbal output, syntactic structure, and communicativeness were derived, and differences among groups and methods of elicitation were ascertained. Results favored hearing children on all measures. When comparing the two deaf groups, few differences emerge on measures of verbal output and communicativeness. On syntactic measures, the oral group performed significantly better on a number of tasks. These differences were discussed in terms of the impact of communication mode on language instruction for deaf children. PMID- 6668369 TI - Vowel-learning and the vowel system of deaf children: age and feedback-related differences. AB - A study comparing perceptual judgments of vowels produced by deaf children taught to speak by using a computer-based aid (experimental group, E) and by conventional techniques (control group, C) revealed feedback-related differences. These concerned the ability to reorganise articulatory performance, intelligibility of vowels after training, and the strength of the memory trace, which all showed an advantage for the E group. A phoneme-by-phoneme analysis indicated that the E group improved consistently on back and central vowels, whereas no consistent trend was found in the C group. The modifications observed were also age-dependent, more progress was found in the younger than in the older children's performance. An error analysis showed that asymmetric vowel confusions were predominant and that the major factor accounting for all errors was the small difference between second formant values. The findings are discussed in terms of the articulatory and perceptual variables intervening in the vowel intelligibility of deaf children. PMID- 6668370 TI - Alice in Wonderland and cognitive development: teaching with examples. AB - Alice in Wonderland can be used to give interesting examples of many of the basic concepts of adolescent psychology. Alice's experiences can be seen as symbolic depictions of important aspects of adolescent development, such as initiation, identity formation, and physical, cognitive, moral, and social development. The psychology instructor may choose a part of the story, then point out the parallels between it and particular aspects of adolescent development. This approach enables the instructor to create and maintain a high level of student interest in the course material. PMID- 6668371 TI - The development of conceptions of unemployment among adolescents. AB - Although children's economic concepts and young people's experience of unemployment are being increasingly investigated, as yet there is very little work on adolescents' understanding of unemployment. The research that has been carried out in this area is not developmental research. In this study children's ideas about unemployment were investigated by interviewing 40 children from two age groups (11 to 12 years and 15 to 16 years). The children were asked to define unemployment, to indicate if and how unemployed people differed from those with a job and asked if they would like to be unemployed. The results showed that, with age, understanding of unemployment became more abstract and more global. Compared with the younger children, the adolescents offered more societal and fatalistic explanations for unemployment, saw the unemployed as fundamentally similar to the employed and regarded the principal undesirable effects of unemployment as social psychological rather than economic. PMID- 6668372 TI - Senegalese adolescents and the need to control theft and criminality. AB - To several African nations, the access to international sovereignity has been concomittant with a crisis of values: the pressure of urbanization and industrialization have caused deep frustrations and called for a number of painful adjustments. To sample a measure of the changes that are still in process we asked 950 Senegalese secondary school students to comment upon their attitudes towards the rampant criminality, (particularly theft and murder) in their young nation. Three-quarters of answers were in favour of greater severity, but the remainder advocated tolerance, a sign that the traditional unanimity against criminality is now over. PMID- 6668373 TI - "Dropping out" from an adolescent therapeutic group: a study of factors in the patients and their parents which may influence this process. AB - A significant proportion of all patients offered group therapy "drop out" before any help can be given to them. This process of attrition is likely to be even higher in adolescent groups. This paper considers factors, observable in the initial assessments of adolescents and their families, which might be associated with this process. Two styles of "drop out" were noticed; one appearing to be less destructive than the other to the patient and to the group. A highly significant association was observed between an assessor's feeling that either the adolescent or one of their parental figures had a paranoid personality and a tendency to leave the group in a precipitate and destructive manner. It is suggested that the sort of therapy offered by the group described in this study may not be the treatment of choice for adolescents of this type, and that there are benefits to be gained from assessing the family of an adolescent before he is offered group therapy on his own. PMID- 6668374 TI - How much do young offenders need social work? AB - The current orthodoxy in social work with young offenders centres on the twin themes of justice and systems management. The first beseeches social work to use mechanisms, such as the 1982 Criminal Justice Act, as a means of improving the juvenile court process. The second seeks to provide a clear alternative to custody by redefining Intermediate Treatment as a strategy aimed primarily at "heavy end" offenders. The recent news that the numbers of those receiving Youth Custody has risen sharply since the implementation of the above Act, only serves to amplify the importance of the debate about what kind of social work young offenders should receive. The current implication for both the courts and social work practice is that justice is not being done and diversion not being achieved. However, should social work respond by concentrating the vast majority of its endeavours in one particular area, then it would clearly have major implications both for practice and for the allocation of resources. It would therefore have an effect on the kind of social work young offenders might receive and hence how much such a service may be required. PMID- 6668375 TI - Political knowledge and awareness in adolescents. AB - Although some work has been done on adolescents' political attitudes, very little work has been done on their political knowledge. This study aimed to replicate a large study carried out eight years ago (Stradling, 1977) to see whether recent political changes altered adolescents' political knowledge and secondly to investigate the determinants (demographic, media usage, interest) of this knowledge. The results were strikingly similar to those of Stradling despite the smaller sample and the changes over time. The subjects appeared to know most about responsibility for public services and party political leaders and least about party political or parliamentary procedure. The canonical variable that best predicted overall knowledge was interest in politics and current affairs and to a lesser extent TV news watching and discussions with adults. The results are discussed in terms of political socialization and limitations of this work are considered. PMID- 6668376 TI - Effect of source and particle size of supplemental phosphate on rumen function of steers fed high concentrate diets. AB - We examined effects of source and particle size of supplemental defluorinated rock phosphate, to meet phosphorus requirements, on rumen function of 195-kg Holstein steers fed high concentrate. Two sources and two particle sizes of each source were evaluated in a 5 X 5 Latin square with 14-day periods. There was no effect of source on ruminal mH [- log (mean (H+)]; however, ruminal mH was higher in animals fed supplements of larger particle size. This effect was also evident when rumen pH versus time curves were integrated below pH 6. Animals fed supplements of larger particle size had less area below pH 6 than those fed supplements of smaller size. Ruminal buffering capacity at pH 7 was affected by diet; however, orthogonal comparisons between treatment means were not significant. Neither source nor particle size of the supplement affected ruminal fluid osmolality, total volatile fatty acid concentration, or fecal starch. Water intake and ruminal dry matter on HyCal supplemented diets; however, there was also a trend toward increasing rumen fluid volume. The net effect was little change of dilution rate of ruminal fluid. This may explain why rumen fermentation was not affected greatly. Conventional phosphate supplements may have potential as rumen buffering agents, but higher levels of feeding should be studied. PMID- 6668377 TI - Effect of limestone reactivity and percent on production by dairy cows in early lactation. AB - Seventy-two Holstein cows (16 first lactation) were assigned to four treatments: A) normal-grind limestone (800 to 1000 mu) added to provide .77% calcium (total ration dry basis); B) fine-grind limestone (less than 150 mu) at .77% calcium; C) normal-grind at 1.15% calcium; and D) fine-grind limestone at 1.15% calcium. Cows fed diets containing .77% calcium had higher percent milk fat and fat yield than those fed 1.15% calcium diets, and cows fed fine-grind limestone had greater percent fat and fat yield than those fed normal-grind limestone. Four percent fat corrected milk was higher for cows fed .77% calcium diets. Trends were similar for heifers in first lactation. Dry matter intake was higher for cows fed .77% calcium diets, and nutrient efficiency for milk synthesis favored cows fed fine grind 1.15% calcium. Fecal pH was higher during wk 4 on treatment for cows fed high calcium diets; however, 8 wk were not different. Fecal starch and calcium and phosphorus in plasma were not different between treatments: however, heifers fed fine-grind 1.15% calcium showed a decrease of fecal starch with time. PMID- 6668378 TI - Chewing efficiency and body size of kid goats. AB - Thirty-two observations were made on 27 goats (18 mature, nonlactating females and 9 doe kids) to study the relationship among metabolic body size (body weight X 75), cell wall constituent intake, and chewing efficiency. A jaw motion recorder determined the minutes spent eating and ruminating during 24 h. Greater cell wall intake increased the amount of cell wall chewed per minute. Body size was directly related to cell wall eaten and ruminated per minute. In 2- and 3-mo old kids, incomplete development of rumen function and body size both appeared to affect chewing efficiency. The chewing efficiency of 9-mo-old kids resembled that of the mature goats after adjustments for body size. Because rumination time seldom exceeds 10 h per day, the efficiency with which the time available for rumination is used will affect intake. PMID- 6668379 TI - Relation of age, season, production, and health indices to iodine and beta carotene concentrations in cow's milk. AB - Milk samples were collected from 82 Holstein cows during the 1st yr of a 2-yr study and from 44 of these again in the 2nd yr to determine relationships of iodine and beta-carotene concentrations in milk to age, season, placental retention, uterine infections, clinical mastitis, services per conception, and milk yield. Composite milk samples were collected twice weekly at the morning milking. Milk samples from each cow were pooled prior to analyses for the following three times: 1 to 7 wk and 8 to 14 wk postpartum in yr 1 and 1 to 6 wk postpartum in yr 2. Beta-carotene concentrations of milk were inversely related to milk yield and positively related to milk fat percentage. Concentrations tended to be higher for cows experiencing health problems, probably because of lower milk yields and the concommitent higher milk fat content. The relatively low milk iodine concentrations were not generally related to cow age, season of calving, milk yield, milk fat percentage, or to health and performance measures. PMID- 6668380 TI - Comparison of single- and multiple-trait selected sires--response of heifer growth. AB - Body weights and linear body measurements were on 386 heifers whose sires were selected according to two criteria: 1) Yield, selection only on milk yield Predicted Difference from daughters' first lactations; 2) Merit, selection on a combination of milk yield Predicted Difference (all daughters), udder type, and percentage of daughters leaving herd in first lactation. No significant differences existed between Yield and Merit heifers for body weights at various ages through first calving or in heart girth or withers height through 18 mo of age. Heifers born to dams first parity were lighter at birth but were not significantly different from other parties of dam for weight, withers height, or heart girth at later ages. Differential selection for milk yield as in this study did not change body weight of heifers. PMID- 6668381 TI - Consideration of mates in ranking Guernsey sires for type. AB - A Chi-square test of goodness of fit indicated that many Guernsey sires had mates not representative of the population. Mates effect on sire ranking by progeny records, therefore, was examined for each of 12 traits of body conformation. Sire rankings from two models including a random sire factor and fixed age, month, and herd-year factors were compared. One model contained dam's score as a covariate. Eighty sires having 33,634 daughters with first scores were in the analysis. Addition of mate's score as a covariate did not change appreciably sire ranking when all progeny were included. For the 12 traits, Spearman's rank correlations were in excess of .99. PMID- 6668382 TI - Cytometry of deoxyribonucleic acid content and morphology of mammalian sperm. AB - Because spermatogenesis is exquisitely sensitive to external influences, sperm can serve as a biological dosimeter. Advances in interpreting induced sperm abnormalities require a better understanding of sperm characteristics. This report reviews the application of several methods for automated, quantitative detection of shape changes, methods that are faster and more sensitive than conventional subjective techniques. Variability of sperm deoxyribonucleic acid content as a bioassay of genetic damage is explored, and limitations of the bioassay are discussed. New flow cytometric techniques that could lead to sexing mammalian sperm are examined. PMID- 6668383 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias induced by transient hypertension during sleep-waking states. AB - Effects of transient hypertension on cardiac rhythm during sleep and waking states in unrestrained cats were investigated. Blood pressure elevation, produced either by phenylephrine injection or by aortic occlusion, was followed by progressive bradycardia in all cats during each sleep-waking state. With phenylephrine, the heart rate response to induced hypertension consisted solely of reflex sinus bradycardia in 67% of the trials, whereas non-sinus cardiac arrhythmias developed during the period of reflex bradycardia in 33% of the trials. In all trials where hypertension was produced by aortic obstruction, non sinus cardiac arrhythmias occurred. The observed non-sinus rhythms included both atrioventricular junctional and ventricular escape beats. The occurrence of non sinus arrhythmias after phenylephrine injection was more frequent during sleep states than during waking. Overall, the incidence of escape rhythms varied from a brief burst of non-sinus beats at the onset of bradycardia to repeated trains of non-sinus beats occurring over the span of blood pressure elevation. Respiratory gating of cardiomotor activity was manifested both as respiratory sinus arrhythmia and as inspiratory 'gating' of escape rhythms. Both forms of respiratory gating continued during periods of induced hypertension. PMID- 6668384 TI - Cycle length dependence of the chronotropic effects of adrenaline and acetylcholine in the rabbit sinoatrial node. AB - Under the influence of adrenaline (Adr) and acetylcholine (Ach), pacemaker dominance in the sinoatrial node moves from one site to another. The Adr-center is located in the inferior part of the sinoatrial node. The Ach-center, an elongated cell group in the periphery of the sinoatrial node, is located nearer to the crista terminalis and is often more caudally located than the leading center under standard conditions. Under the combined influence of Ach and Adr, the Ach-center is dominant. The sinoatrial node preparation shows a cycle length dependent chronotropic response to Adr. A greater shortening of cycle length is related to a longer basic cycle length. This agrees with previously reported findings concerning the positive chronotropic action of high calcium. The chronotropic response to Ach is not cycle length-dependent. In the presence of Ach, the effect of Adr remains cycle length dependent, although no shift of the pacemaker occurs. This demonstrates that cycle length dependence of chronotropic responses can be the property of one and the same cell group, and is not necessarily caused by different chronotropic responses of different cell groups. PMID- 6668385 TI - Effect of potassium on adrenergic nerve endings in bovine mesenteric lymphatics. AB - This work concerned the effect of KCl (60 mM) on noradrenaline efflux from aminergic nerve endings in bovine mesenteric lymphatics. In high potassium Krebs solution containing cocaine (10(-7) M), the lymphatics showed some phasic contractions followed by a tonic contraction with a high initial peak. The high KCl solution also caused a transient but statistically significant increase of tritiated noradrenaline efflux (P less than 0.01) which was not blocked by tetrodotoxin (10(-7) M). However, 5 X 10(-6) M 5-hydroxytryptamine or 10(-5) M prostaglandin F2 alpha produced a contraction of the lymphatic smooth muscle similar in magnitude to the contraction by 60 mM KCl. In this case, however, no increase was observed in 3H efflux. A Ca-antagonist, D-600 (10(-4) M) inhibited the potassium-induced rise in tritiated noradrenaline efflux and suppressed dose dependently the contractile response to high potassium solution. These observations support the suggestion that the effect of KCl on 3H-release reflects an effect of kinetics of exchange across the nerve ending rather than an effect of contraction per se on isotope exchange through the complex extracellular matrix, and that the activation of Ca channels in the adrenergic nerve terminals may contribute to the release of noradrenaline in high KCl solution. PMID- 6668386 TI - Rhythmic membrane potential changes in hamster parasympathetic neurons. AB - Two types of rhythmic membrane potentials in hamster submandibular neurons: (i) slow oscillations of membrane potential (SOMP); and (ii) spontaneous or caffeine induced rhythmic hyperpolarizing potentials (C-HPs), have been analyzed. SOMPs occurred spontaneously, roughly in sinusoidal forms, between the subthreshold range and the potassium equilibrium potential (EK, approximately -85 mV). The average amplitude of SOMPs from crest to trough was 12 mV with an average crest to crest interval of 6 min. The largest amplitude of SOMPs was seen when their median membrane potentials were between -65 and -70 mV; values outside this range attenuated the amplitude of SOMPs. SOMPs were hardly discernible at or near EK. The membrane resistance was, in general, higher at the crest than at the trough. In eserine-treated preparations, SOMPs of varying durations following postsynaptic potentials were triggered by preganglionic repetitive stimulation. Reduction of extracellular K+ concentration increased the amplitude of SOMP without changing its frequency. This effect was noted at times before K+-free induced membrane depolarization occurred. The amplitude of the SOMP decreased in Ca2+-free saline with concomitant depolarization; conversely, in saline in which the Ca2+ concentration was doubled the membrane potential (Em) was found to be again stable near the EK level. A transient hyperpolarization occurred following intracellular Ca2+ injection when the Em of the preinjected state was between -45 and -60 mV. Among K+-conductance (GK) blockers (TEA, 3- and 4-aminopyridine, Cs+ and Ba2+) examined, only Ba2+ at 5 mM reduced both amplitude and frequency of C HPs significantly. All Ca2+-conductance (GCa) blockers (Co2+ and Mn2+ at 5 mM, Cd2+ and La3+ at 1 mM, and D-600 at 0.4 mg/ml) prevented synaptic transmission and abolished spike-induced late hyperpolarizing afterpotential. C-HPs were nearly abolished by these agents in 4 mM Ca2+-containing saline. Mitochondrial inhibitors (DNP, CCCP, KCN, NaN3) in a concentration range between 10(-4) M and 10(-5) M, hyperpolarized the membrane before depolarizing and abolishing C-HPs. However, the plasma membrane Na+-pump inhibitor ouabain, at concentrations up to 5 X 10(-4) M, did not affect C-HPs during 1 h perfusion in the majority of neurons; no membrane hyperpolarization was induced, although a gradual depolarization did occur. Both ruthenium red (5 mM) and quinine (5 X 10(-4) M) abolished C-HPs. It is assumed that the two above types of membrane potential changes are generated by the Ca2+-activated GK increase, which, in turn, is under the control of mitochondrial Ca2+ regulatory activity. PMID- 6668387 TI - The afferent and preganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the rat liver, demonstrated by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The afferent and parasympathetic preganglionic innervations of the rat liver were investigated by the use of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Vagal nerve fibers reach the rat liver by way of the left and right hepatic nerves, which originate from the homonimous abdominal vagal trunks. Three different experimental protocols were used: (i) intraparenchymal HRP injections; (ii) retrograde HRP injection through the common bile duct; (iii) HRP application to the central end of the severed hepatic nerves. The technical problems inherent in these 3 methods were experimentally investigated, with regard to the possible leakage of HRP from the liver after retrograde injection. It is concluded that leakage of HRP occurs, but it is not sufficient to cause non-specific labeling. Neurons of the lower thoracic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are bilaterally labeled following intraparenchymal and retrograde HRP injections. Bilateral labeling of the nodose ganglia (NGs) following retrograde injection is still observed after subdiaphragmatic section of the left abdominal vagus, whereas cervical transection prevents labeling of the ipsilateral NG. Labeling produced by exposure of the left hepatic nerve to HRP is prevented by subdiaphragmatic transection of the left abdominal vagus. Efferent neurons located bilaterally in the dorsal motor nucleus (DMN) and in the left nucleus ambiguus (NA) are labeled following retrograde HRP injection. Only ipsilateral labeling is observed after HRP application to the cut left hepatic nerve. HRP exposure of the left abdominal vagus yields bilateral labeling in both DMN and NA. It is concluded that: (i) the afferent innervation of the rat liver is provided by the lower thoracic DRG and by the NGs of both vagi, mostly by the left; partial crossing of vagal afferent fibers takes place at thoracic level; and (ii) the liver receives efferent fibers bilaterally from the DMN and from the left NA; the DMN neurons project to the liver via the homolateral hepatic nerves, and those of the NA via the left hepatic nerve. PMID- 6668388 TI - Central projections of afferent renal fibers in the rat: an anterograde transport study of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The projections of afferent renal fibers (ARN) to dorsal root ganglia and into the spinal cord of the rat were studied using the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Crystalline HRP was applied to the proximal cut ends of renal nerves or injected as a concentrated solution into the kidney, on either the right or left side. After a survival time of 40-120 h, sections of thoraco-lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord were cut and processed according to the tetramethyl benzidine method. HRP applied either to the ARN or to the kidney on the left labeled neurons in the DRG from T8 to L2. On the other hand, HRP application on the right side resulted in labeling of neurons in DRG T6 to T13. No labeled neurons were found in the contralateral DRG. Labeled neurons in the DRG were of the small (11-20 micron) and medium (30-42 micron) size and were distributed in all portions of the DRG. In the spinal cord the greatest concentration of labeled ARN from the left were found in segments T10-L1, whereas projections from the right ARN were concentrated primarily in segments T7-T10. Labeled fibers entered along the medial aspect of the ipsilateral dorsal horn and projected both rostrally and caudally in the medial portion of Lissauer's tract, sending some collaterals into lamina I. The majority of labeled fibers coursed ventrally along the medial aspect of the dorsal horn towards the midline where they terminated in the region of the dorsal gray commissure, just dorsal to the central canal. Additionally, labeled fibers from the medial projection passed into laminae III-V. No labeled fibers or terminals were observed in the contralateral spinal cord. These data show that ARN enter the spinal cord through several DRG and provide the first anatomical demonstration of central sites of termination of ARN. These spinal sites of projection of sensory information from the kidney are likely to be central sites of integration of reno-renal and visceral reflexes. PMID- 6668389 TI - Effects of chronic lead ingestion by the weanling rat on adrenal catecholamine levels. PMID- 6668390 TI - Assessment of possible parasympathetic innervation of the kidney. PMID- 6668391 TI - Catecholamines in the sympathetic nervous system of the domestic fowl. AB - In order to resolve some existing uncertainties regarding the identity of the sympathetic catecholamine neurotransmitter in birds, we have measured endogenous noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (AD) and dopamine (DA) in various peripheral tissues and in the paravertebral sympathetic chain of the domestic fowl. In all visceral tissues examined - atrium, spleen, mesenteric artery, gizzard, intestine, rectal caecum and kidney--NA concentrations were much higher than those of AD or DA. The ratios of NA:AD:DA were approximately 100:10:1 for all tissues except spleen, in which DA represented about 10% of the total catecholamines. In the paravertebral chain, the ratio of NA:DA was about 4:1, with no consistent segmental differences. Ganglionic AD was generally less than 1% of the total catecholamine, but isolated ganglia sometimes contained quite large amounts of AD. This AD was probably in chromaffin cells. The results obtained indicate that, contrary to some previous reports, NA constitutes the predominant sympathetic neurotransmitter in the fowl, and neurons in which AD is a transmitter are rare or absent. Although the relatively large amounts of DA present in the ganglia could be due to presence of dopaminergic neurons, no evidence for peripheral projections of such neurons was obtained. PMID- 6668392 TI - Plasma catecholamine and cardiovascular responses following hypothalamic stimulation in the awake cat. AB - Ninety-three hypothalamic sites were electrically stimulated, using constant parameters, in awake, restrained cats to determine those regions which maximally activated the sympatho-adrenal (SA) and cardiovascular (CV) systems. Plasma catecholamine levels were measured over time following hypothalamic stimulation; levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) served as indices of adrenergic neural and adrenal medullary activities, respectively. CV parameters of heart rate (HR) and mean intra-arterial blood pressure (MAP) were continuously monitored. The greatest elevation in plasma catecholamines was elicited by stimulation of sites in the perifornical area, ventromedial nucleus, and medial forebrain bundle. Several sites were identified which preferentially elevated one of the sympatho-adrenal neurotransmitters. A differential increase in plasma E was most frequently obtained from sites around the border of the ventromedial nucleus and in the medial forebrain bundle. Differential elevation of plasma NE was observed following stimulation of sites in the anterior commissure, central preoptic area, and dorsal perifornical region posterior to the ventromedial nucleus. Sites which activated the CV and SA systems were not always coincident; those sites which activated the CV system alone tended to be located in the lateral hypothalamus. PMID- 6668393 TI - Analysis of hypothermic response to centrally administered histamine in pigeons. AB - The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of histamine (H), H1- and H2-receptor agonists and their antagonists, on the cloacal temperature of pigeon has been investigated. Histamine produced a dose-dependent hypothermia at an ambient temperature of 24 degrees C which was significantly blocked by a combination of mepyramine and cimetidine but was only partially antagonized by either of them alone. H1-receptor as well as H2-receptor agonists also produced hypothermic response with a time-course similar to that of H. Their effects were also significantly antagonized by mepyramine and cimetidine respectively. The histamine response was not modified by pretreatment with alpha- or beta adrenoceptor antagonists. Histamine produced an insignificant hyperthermia at 10 degrees C but the hypothermic effect increased as the ambient temperature was raised up to 40 degrees C. It is concluded that both H1- and H2-histamine receptors are present in the brain of pigeon and are responsible for H-induced hypothermia. PMID- 6668394 TI - Splanchnic afferent input to the lateral reticular nucleus of the cat. AB - The afferent input from splanchnic nerves to the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) was studied in anesthetized cats. The activity of neurons of the parvi- and magnocellular regions of the nucleus was recorded by means of extracellular microelectrodes. The LRN neurons were stereotaxically located and identified by their response to antidromic stimulation of the cerebellar cortex. Activity of the LRN neurons studied was modified by electrical stimulation of the ipsi- and contralateral splanchnic nerves, and by mechanical stimulation of peritoneal receptors. Response latencies to stimulation of the splanchnic nerves were measured, and conduction velocities of peripheral fibers were determined; most of them were myelinated fibers with a small diameter (sub-groups of A- A gamma delta) and were connected with 'peritoneal movement mechanoreceptors'. Numerous convergences were observed. All of the tested neurons which responded to stimulation of the homolateral splanchnic nerve also responded to stimulation of the contralateral splanchnic and to diverse somatic stimulations. In 90% of the neurons tested, a splanchno-cortical convergence (sensory-somatic cortex) was observed. Two possible roles of splanchnic afferents that activate neurons of the LRN were considered: (1) they might, like other spinal inputs, influence LRN and cerebellar control of motor activity; and (2) they might also participate in cardiovascular regulations in which the LRN is involved. PMID- 6668395 TI - Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic determination of Baygon in water. AB - A simple analytical procedure for determination of Baygon in water is described. The Baygon residues are extracted on a C18 SEP-PAK cartridge and subsequently analyzed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography using ultraviolet detection at 272 nm. Water samples spiked with Baygon are found to give greater than 90 percent recoveries. Concentration levels as low as 20 ppb can be easily detected by this method. PMID- 6668396 TI - The antischistosomal activity of substituted indoles. AB - 5-Bromoindole carboxylic acid and substituted indoles were administered parenterally to hamsters infected with an Egyptian strain of S. mansoni, to assess their antischistosomal activity. 5-Bromoindole showed a significant hepatic shift in 59 percent of treated hamsters. The results suggest that modification of the indole nucleus may produce a series of antischistosomal agents. PMID- 6668397 TI - [Treatment of cancer of the vulva]. AB - The authors suggest a therapeutic scheme for carcinomata (intra-epithelial, micro invasive and invasive) of the vulva after reviewing the literature and in the light of their own experience. It seems to them that treatment of these cancers can be carried out in the following way: Intra-epithelial cancers: partial vulvectomy for localised lesions or when treatment should be as conservative as possible. Total vulvectomy, or better still, superficial vulvectomy in other cases. Micro-invasive carcinomata: where the invasion is less than 2 mm: only total vulvectomy. Where the invasion is more than 2 mm: total vulvectomy with bilateral superficial lymphadenectomy. This is carried out as a complete lymphadenectomy when the lymph glands are found to be affected in the operating theatre. Invasive carcinomata: we exclude metastatic cancers where the local treatment is only carried out to give some palliation to the patient and sometimes can be combined with chemotherapy when that is possible. Patients that are operable: total vulvectomy with of course bilateral lymphadenectomy. This can be extended to iliac chains when Cloquet's gland is invaded. Radiotherapy after operation is to be discussed seeing that there are important sequelae from this. Lymph gland involvement can be unilateral in cases of N- stage I unilateral patients. Pelvic exenteration is only to be considered for young women who are in good general health and who have no pelvic metastases. PMID- 6668398 TI - [The unruptured luteinized follicle. Determination of estradiol and progesterone in peritoneal fluid]. AB - The finding of more luteinized unruptured follicles in women who are under investigation for unexplained infertility compared with fertile women suggests that the syndrome does exist and probably plays a causative role in the infertility of these patients. The levels of oestradiol 17-beta and progesterone found in the peritoneum in the early luteal phase showed a much higher figure when there has been rupture of the follicle with a haemorrhagic corpus luteum and a stigma as compared with luteinized unruptured follicles. It does seem to us worth while to obtain some of the peritoneal fluid in order to estimate the levels of hormones and to diagnose more often the unruptured follicle syndrome whenever laparoscopy in undertaken in the early luteal phase. PMID- 6668399 TI - [Resorption of drugs through the vaginal wall]. AB - Drug absorption during vaginal administration. A method is described (systems approach to vaginal delivery of drugs and development of in situ vaginal drug absorption procedure) and is able to show vaginal absorption of drugs. Some drugs are rapidly and largely absorbed through vaginal epithelium: Metronidazole (Flagyl), Prostaglandins, Estrogens, Polyvidone-iodine (Betadine), Chloroquinadol (Gynotherax), d-Methadone, Hexachlorophene (Phisohex et Ultralan), Insulin and Triclosan. Other drugs are poorly absorbed: Amphotericin B (Fungizone, Amphocycline), Econazole (Pevaryl) and Trimethoprim. At least, some drugs are not absorbed: Nystatine (Mycostatine) and Furazolidone (Tricofuron). PMID- 6668400 TI - [Attempt at determining fetal sex by the simultaneous study of the HY antigen and testosterone in the amniotic fluid]. AB - Attempts have been made to determine fetal sex early by a simultaneous study of H Y antigen and testosterone in amniotic fluid. H-Y (male) antigen was serologically detected in the amniotic cells from both sexes, but the results obtained from 473 amniotic fluids showed no significant sex differences either in fresh cells or after culture. Testosterone assays done from 263 samples of liquor confirm that the results obtained in cases of male fetuses were significantly higher than in females. 55% of all males and 47% of females could thus be detected to a level of 100% certainty. The probability of having a girl decreases as an inverse function of testosterone levels and comes out at 85% for testosterone less than 200 pg/ml. On the other hand the probability of a male fetus is 95% when the values are above 240 pg/ml. The determination of the testosterone/DHA ratio in order to try to eliminate the influence of the variations in volume has not improved the accuracy of this diagnosis. PMID- 6668401 TI - [Importance and significance of the determination of pH in the diagnosis of fetal distress during labor and delivery]. AB - The authors have used a microprocessor which is calibrated by a cartridge to be used once only for measuring the pH; as they systematically monitor the fetal acid base balance by measuring the pH and blood gases at birth, as well as in labour, when there is evidence of fetal heart rhythm abnormalities. They have been able to compare the results that they obtained using a classical membrane apparatus as against that using a microprocessor. The two types of apparatus give identical results. The costs of using the two apparatuses, including maintenance and cleaning, are comparable. The significance of evaluating the degree of fetal distress from isolated pH measurements is discussed in connection with measuring the level of lactic acid in the plasma and blood gases coupled with the measure of excess base. PMID- 6668402 TI - [The syndrome of premature ovarian failure]. AB - The syndrome of early ovarian failure gives rise to several pathogenic and psychological problems because it often condemns the woman to permanent sterility. Because of this a precise diagnosis has to be made, and this is done by: biological examination of serum F.S.H.-L.H., Prolactin, delta 4, 17 O.H.C.S. and 17 C.S., T3 and T4, and T.S.H. and Oestradiol levels. Karyotyping should also be carried out because that allows a dysgenesis to be eliminated. Auto-immune antibodies should be sought and laparoscopy carried out for ovarian biopsy. Finally, karyotyping can be carried out on the ovarian fibroblasts. Primary follicles should also be sought because these alone could theoretically give rise to pregnancy when oestrogen therapy is stopped. PMID- 6668403 TI - [Pelvic hydatic echinococcosis in women in the maternity ward at the Habib Thameur University Hospital. Apropos of 5 cases (1978-1982)]. AB - We report 5 cases of pelvic hydatic cysts in women seen between 1978 and 1982. Hydatic disease is endemic in Tunisia, in spite of attempts to eliminate it, and these attempts are being improved. The plague persists because of certain inbuilt customs and because sheep are normally raised by small-scale production methods. The incidence of pelvic hydatic cyst disease is 2% of pelvic tumours seen in our maternity department over 5 years. The diagnosis was made easily preoperatively in only 2 cases, and it was in those 2 cases because of a previous history of hydatid disease. Ultrasound and electrosyneretic testing for hydatid cyst confirm the diagnosis. In the other cases the diagnosis was only made during the operation. In only one case had hysterosalpingography shown an impression on the right side of the uterus and a displaced right tube. The treatment must be surgical; and the outlook is good, except in one case where there was a recurrence. Post-operative follow-up consists of pelvic ultrasound and electro syneresis as well as a general supervision of the patient's general state of health. At present we are accustomed to thinking of hydatid cysts when confronted with a pelvic tumour in a woman who comes from a region where the condition is endemic, whether she has or does not have any previous history of hydatid disease. The diagnosis is confirmed by ultrasound and electrosyneresis. Prophylaxis is always worthwhile. PMID- 6668404 TI - [Results of the ruptured pregnant uterus at Kinshasa University Clinics. Apropos of 24 cases from 1973 to 1980]. AB - Rupture of a pregnant uterus is still a dramatic occurrence in Africa and is particularly serious for the newborn. All the same, scrupulous observation in high-risk pregnancies in the labour ward, which is the best place for the uterus to rupture if it must, can lead to a lessening of the chances of this occurring and even to eliminating this serious obstetric complication. 48,685 deliveries occurred in the university clinics of Kinshasa (Zaire) in the 8 years between 1 January 1973 and 21 December 1980. There were 24 cases of ruptured uterus diagnosed. Before delivery the clinical signs were found in 15 cases; out of which the Bandl-Frommel ring occurred 7 times, vaginal bleeding and the fetus palpable under the abdominal skin 4 times. Very heavy vaginal bleeding was the clue to the diagnosis in 9 cases discovered after delivery. There were 15 cases of complete rupture, 9 of which occurred in healthy uteruses. More frequently, however (13 out of 24 cases) a scarred uterus was the site and partial rupture occurred in 7 out of 9 cases. In these 8 years the yearly increase in the number of deliveries was 738. The prognosis for the mother and fetus improved. They dropped to 4.16%, or 1 maternal death, and 46% or 11 fetal deaths, whereas they had been previously 14.2% and 50% in the years between 1 January 1967 and 31 July 1972. Depending mainly on pre-, intra, and postoperative resuscitation, surgical treatment consisted of repairing the rupture (17 cases or 70.83%) and in carrying out hysterectomy in 7 cases (29.16%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6668405 TI - [Hyperextension of the fetal head associated with hyperextension of the dorso lumbar spine. Apropos of a case diagnosed in utero]. AB - The authors report a case where hypertonicity resulted in extension of the cerebral spine in a fetus. They think that they are reporting a case of congenital hyperextension of the lumbar spine, which is otherwise called "the newborn stiff-man syndrome". The outlook for this child is good in spite of the gross abnormality that is revealed on the X-rays of the fetus. Caesarean section is therefore indicated. PMID- 6668406 TI - [Benzalkonium chloride tampons. Local tolerance and effects on cervix mucus]. AB - Cylinders of soft polyvinyl soaked in benzalkonium chloride have been used as contraceptive tampons. Benzalkonium chloride is a powerful spermicide which belongs to the cationic or saponium detergents. It does not enter the blood stream. These contraceptive sponges are more efficient and better accepted by patients than spermicides used by themselves. One of the principal advantages of the method is to be able to place the tampon in position hours before sexual intercourse. The authors wanted to test if wearing a tampon for a long time did not have an adverse effect on the cervico-vaginal epithelium. 27 women were seen before and after having worn one of these contraceptive tampons for 24 hours: neither the smears nor colposcopy had changed. 21 vaginal biopsies were taken after the tampon had been removed from the area where it had been lying. Vaginal epithelium tolerates the prolonged presence of the sponge well. The authors carried out bacteriological controls before and immediately after removing the tampon 24 hours later. Commensals were still present. Pathogenic sexually transmitted organisms are moderately sensitive to bactericidal action of benzalkonium chloride except for candida albicans, which is resistant. There was no increase in the number of germs in 69 cases studied. The authors carried out scanning electromicroscopy at different magnifications to see the effect on normal cervical mucus at the time of ovulation when it came into contact with benzalkonium chloride. Ovulatory mucus which had been translucent and fluid became thicker and coagulated and the reticulated web took on the appearance of a bunched up web.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6668407 TI - [Study of fertility following celioscopic treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy]. AB - 54 patients out of a series of 200 with ectopic pregnancies that were treated by laparoscopic means were followed up for more than 18 months so that post operative fertility could be assessed. 35 have had intra-uterine pregnancy (64.8%), 3 of them after a second ectopic pregnancy treated by laparoscopy. 16 patients (29.7%) failed to conceive, four of them after a second ectopic pregnancy. 8 patients have a "solitary tube", 4 of them have had an intra-uterine pregnancy and one a second ectopic pregnancy. This results compare favorably with those obtained after a conservative management by laparotomy. History of infertility or previous ectopic pregnancy decreases the intra-uterine pregnancy rate (45.8% versus 80%, p less than 0.01). PMID- 6668408 TI - [Thrombo-embolic disease of pregnancy. Methods and indications for surgical prevention]. AB - Thrombo-embolic disease can generally benefit from anticoagulant treatment. Nevertheless, there are circumstances that require surgical prevention of pulmonary embolism. The vena caval circulation can be interrupted using clips, which necessitates a general anaesthetic and laparotomy, or intravenous procedures such as Mobin-Udin or Greenfield filters may be inserted. The indications for these procedures depend on how advanced the pregnancy is. The authors point out the indications for interruption of the vena caval flow during pregnancy in the light of four recent case histories. The main one is failure of medical treatment. Interruption of the vena caval flow is to be recommended when there is impaired circulation or when a thrombus is threatening. The diagnosis of this condition does require invasive tests; and whether these are toxic for the fetus is discussed. PMID- 6668409 TI - [Cervical dilatation using PGF2 alpha gel before voluntary interruption of pregnancy during the first trimester]. AB - To avoid complications of instrumental dilatation of the cervix prior to first trimester abortion, pharmacological dilatation by prostaglandins is proposed. The authors present a prospective randomized study using intra-cervical PGF2 alpha gel, in 90 patients. Two groups (PGF2 alpha: 5 and 2.5 mg) were compared with a placebo group. The mean cervical dilatation observed in the two groups (8.2 and 8.4 mm) is higher than the placebo group dilatation (6.8 mm), but statistically higher only in group 2.5 mg. Side effects were observed: uterine pain (83 and 57%) and nausea (33 and 13%) in the first three hours after the gel. With the same cervical dilatation, side effects were less important in the low dose group (2.5 mg PGF2 alpha). PMID- 6668410 TI - Social roles, sex roles and psychological distress: additive and interactive models of sex differences. PMID- 6668411 TI - Age and sex differences in patients' reactions to illness. PMID- 6668412 TI - Health services utilization among the noninstitutionalized elderly. PMID- 6668413 TI - Social bonding theory and adolescent cigarette smoking: a longitudinal analysis. PMID- 6668414 TI - Parasuicide, gender, and gender deviance. PMID- 6668415 TI - The effect of religious commitment on suicide: a cross-national analysis. PMID- 6668416 TI - Determinants of site of death among hospice cancer patients. PMID- 6668417 TI - A global measure of perceived stress. PMID- 6668418 TI - Monoamine oxidase in adult Ascaridia galli. AB - Monoamine oxidase (MAO), catalysing oxidative deamination of biogenic monoamines, has been detected in adult Ascaridia galli. MAO was present in mitochondria and deaminated noradrenaline at the maximal rate, although serotonin, adrenaline, tyramine and dopamine were also degraded but more slowly. Of the organs studied, the body wall, female reproductive organ and intestine, the body wall (containing neuronal structures) showed highest MAO activity. Km value for chick ascarid mitochondrial MAO using tyramine as substrate was 1.66 X 10(-3) M and it was most active at 2.5 mM tyramine concentration, pH 7.5 and 40 degrees C. MAO of A. galli appeared to be thermolabile as nearly 80% of its activity was lost when the incubation temperature was increased 5 degrees above optimum. PMID- 6668419 TI - Cryopreservation of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae and third-stage larvae. AB - Microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis retained their infectivity for susceptible mosquitoes after cooling to -196 degrees C in the presence of 5% dimethylsulphoxide (Me2SO) using a two-step cooling sequence. Motility and in vitro development of cryopreserved microfilariae also compared favourably with unfrozen controls. Third-stage larvae frozen by the same cooling sequence in the presence of either 5% Me2SO or 16% hydroxyethyl starch were motile upon thawing. Thawed larvae completed the third- to fourth-stage moult in vitro at a frequency approximately 5 to 10% of that seen in unfrozen controls. PMID- 6668420 TI - Oesophagostomum columbianum: gamma-irradiated third-stage larvae for immunization in lambs. AB - 40-kR gamma-irradiated third-stage larvae of Oesophagostomum columbianum were used for the immunization of Kashmir Merino lambs. Male lambs (aged from 8 to 12 weeks) were immunized in two separate experiments by two doses of irradiated larvae, given 21 days apart, and subsequently challenged with normal larvae. Judging by the establishment of worms resulting from the challenge infections in the immunized and control groups of lambs in the two experiments, a high degree of immunity was shown to develop in young lambs vaccinated with 500, followed 21 days later with 2000, 40-kR irradiated larvae. Lambs from the immunized groups showed more nodules in the intestine, a high percentage of which were positive for histotrophic stages of O. columbianum, than did controls. The importance of this finding in relation to the possible use of a vaccine for the immuno prophylaxis of oesophagostomiasis in sheep and other animals is discussed. PMID- 6668421 TI - Description of musculature differences in spargana of Spirometra (Cestoda; Pseudophyllidea) and tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides (Cestoda; Cyclophyllidea) and their value in identification. PMID- 6668422 TI - Surface morphology of Gastrodiscoides hominis (Lewis & McConnell, 1876) Leiper, 1913 (Trematoda: Digenea) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6668423 TI - Onchocerca raillieti: adult location and skin distribution of the microfilaria in Sudanese donkeys. AB - Onchocerca raillieti is the only Onchocerca species infecting Sudanese donkeys; it occurs only in the ligamentum nuchae, especially in the lamellar part of the ligament. The morphological features of both uterine and skin microfilariae were determined. Skin microfilariae are shorter than uterine ones and tend to accumulate in the regions of Linea alba and withers of infected donkeys. The possible identity of the vector of this worm in the Sudan is discussed. PMID- 6668424 TI - Factors responsible for fluctuations in human NK cell activity in vitro. AB - The activity of NK cells in 12 healthy male donors was studied after 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 h incubation of killer (mononuclear) cells with K562 target cells; a modification of the standard 3-5 h NK assay was used without preliminary centrifugation of the plates. The results indicated that 4 or 8 h incubation of killer and target cells (ratio 50:1) did not achieve maximum activity of NK cells. A significant increase in activity was found up to 12 h incubation. It was noted that variation in values decreased as the incubation time increased. The optimal incubation period was 16 h at which time maximum 51Cr release and least variation were registered. Longer incubation of K562 cells also contributed to their higher sensitivity to NK cells. The experimental data revealed in vitro factors responsible for fluctuations in the level of lytic NK activity in repeated assays in the same healthy donors. PMID- 6668425 TI - The effect of suboptimal concentrations of mitogens on the immunosuppressive action of azathioprine and prednisolone on human lymphocytes in vitro. AB - The interaction of two commonly used immunosuppressive agents, azathioprine (AZA) and prednisolone sodium succinate (PSS), with three mitogens, Concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was studied. Using the endpoint of 50% inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation (ID50) as an indicator of cellular replication, the affect of suboptimal and optimal concentrations of mitogen on the immunosuppressive action of AZA or PSS on human lymphocyte replication in vitro was determined by isobolic analysis. The AZA ID50 for optimal concentrations of Con A (60 mcm/cc) was 242 +/- 21 ngm/cc (mean +/- SEM, n = 8), and at a suboptimal concentration of Con A (20 mcg/cc) it was 233 +/- 42, i.e., the AZA ID50 was independent of the concentration of Con A. This same independent interaction was found for PHA and PWM. However, at the optimal concentration of Con A (60 mcg/cc) the PSS ID50 of 523 +/- 55 ngm/cc was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than the PSS ID at the suboptimal concentration of Con A (20 mcg/cc) which was 234 +/- 24 ngm/cc. A similar antagonistic interaction was found between PSS and either PHA or PWM. These findings emphasize the importance of accurately defining the testing parameters when assessing a drug's effect on lymphocyte proliferation. The data, along with other studies, support the hypothesis that drugs which directly interfere with DNA synthesis will not be affected by the strength of the signal for cellular replication, whereas those that modulate cellular replication are affected by the strength for lymphocyte replication. PMID- 6668426 TI - "In vivo" anti-hCG antibodies and Yoshida's tumor development. AB - The anti-hCG antibodies, obtained from the rats immunized with hCG and tetanus toxoid causes slight delay in the formation of ascites liquid and increase of the survival rate in various groups of rats transplanted with Yoshida's tumor. PMID- 6668427 TI - Ontogeny of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in the human fetus. AB - The CFU-Gm content of liver, spleen and bone marrow of human fetuses was determined from the 8th to 28th week of gestational age. The study of progenitor cells from 43 fetal livers revealed that the CFU-Gm increased from 8 to 12 weeks, was relatively stable through 16 weeks and thereafter declined by 22 to 24 weeks. The total number of liver CFU-Gm rose from 10(4) to greater than 10(6) CFU-Gm by the 16th week of gestation and declined to approximately 4 X 10(5) progenitor cells by 22 to 24 weeks. Peak values of bone marrow CFU-Gm were noted at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation. Generally, the numbers of these progenitor cells declined by 16 to 18 weeks; however, several high values were obtained at later times. Splenic CFU-Gm were relatively constant in number between 12 and 28 weeks of gestation with no correlation with fetal age. Thus, these studies indicate that certain fetal tissues contain substantial numbers of hemopoietic progenitor cells. Based on the quantity of CFU-Gm obtained, it appears feasible to use fetal liver cells as a source of progenitor cells for transplantation. PMID- 6668428 TI - Decrease in hematopoietic stem cell domains as a delayed effect of x-irradiation. AB - Although the hematopoietic integrity of locally X-irradiated sites can be restored for a time even after fairly large doses, a secondary aplasia often occurs some months later. To gain further insight into this delayed effect within the framework of the stem cell regulatory domain hypothesis, we characterized the growth kinetics of spleen colony forming units (CFU-S) in WBB6FI-+/+ bone marrow transplanted into WBB6FI-W/WV mice in which one leg had been exposed to 10-30 Gy of X rays 4-5 months previously. Compared to unirradiated contralateral marrow, fewer CFU-S either reached the previously irradiated marrow or were seeded into sites that could support growth. The initial exponential growth of effectively seeded CFU-S was unchanged, but growth deceleration (inflection point) occurred at a lower level of CFU-S in marrow previously irradiated with 20-30 Gy. This change in the inflection point indicates a radiation dose-dependent decrease consistent with the decrease in bone marrow cellularity. The decrease in effective stem cell domains after 20 Gy was calculated to be about 35%. We interpret these results to reflect the highly localized nature of delayed radiation damage to the marrow microenvironment. PMID- 6668430 TI - International Conference on Predictive Drug Testing on Human Tumor Cells. Zurich, Switzerland, July 20-22, 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6668429 TI - The effects of benzene inhalation on murine hematopoietic precursor cells (CFU-e, BFU-e and CFU-gm). AB - Male B6D2F1 mice were exposed by inhalation to 4000 ppm of benzene for 8 h/day for 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 or 14 days and then sacrificed at 18 h following the last exposure. The cellularities of both femur and spleen were depressed for the duration of benzene exposure. BFU-e/femur declined for 3 days, rebounded to control levels by day 5, and were again depressed by day 7. CFU-e/femur were initially depressed, but by day 7, the concentrations of CFU-e were so elevated that the total number had actually rebounded to slightly higher than control values. CFU-gm/femur remained depressed for the duration of the exposure periods. CFU-e, BFU-e and CFU-gm/spleen were depressed following all exposures. The toxic effects of benzene on hematopoiesis that are immediate are not ascribable to migration of stem cells between femur and spleen. The depressive effects of benzene inhalation on erythropoiesis may be compensated by the rapid proliferation of CFU-e. PMID- 6668431 TI - [Two-stage operation for aortic regurgitation and esophageal varices associated with liver cirrhosis, with special reference to pulsatile extra-corporeal circulation]. PMID- 6668433 TI - [Modified Hill's operation in sliding hiatal hernia and intraoperative esophageal pressure]. PMID- 6668432 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function following mitral commissurotomy, with special reference to papilloplasty]. PMID- 6668434 TI - [A 7 to 10 year follow-up of valve replacement with the Bjork-Shiley prosthesis]. PMID- 6668436 TI - [Extracorporeal circulation without heparin. Studies of synthetic antithrombotic agent, MD805]. PMID- 6668435 TI - [Surgical management of ductus arteriosus-dependent congenital heart defects]. PMID- 6668437 TI - [Experimental studies on the limitation of intra-aortic balloon pumping for acute ischemic heart]. PMID- 6668438 TI - [Acute renal failure following open heart surgery]. PMID- 6668439 TI - [Dialysis prior to oliguria in acute renal failure following open heart surgery]. PMID- 6668440 TI - [Respiratory functions following pulmonary resection. 2. Changes in closing volume]. PMID- 6668441 TI - [Effects of veno-arterial counterpulsation on ischemic myocardium--electron microscopic and cytochemical observation]. PMID- 6668442 TI - [Cabrol procedure for annuloaortic ectasia]. PMID- 6668443 TI - [Successful management of double mitral valve associated with incomplete endocardial cushion defect]. PMID- 6668444 TI - [Simultaneous resection of the left atrium for lung neoplasms]. PMID- 6668445 TI - [Surgical management of recurrent carcinoid tumor of the thymus]. PMID- 6668446 TI - [Extra-anatomic bypass in impending rupture of chronic dissecting aneurysm of the descending aorta]. PMID- 6668447 TI - [Thymic cyst--a case report and review of literature]. PMID- 6668448 TI - [Patch enlargement of the aortic and mitral valve rings]. PMID- 6668449 TI - [Improved method of the synthesis of super-hot (gamma-32P)ATP]. PMID- 6668450 TI - Formation of cholic acid from 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta cholestanoic acid by rat liver peroxisomes. AB - In a previous study, it was shown that the peroxisomal fraction of rat liver, isolated by Percoll gradient centrifugation of a light mitochondrial fraction, was able to catalyze conversion of 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta cholestanoic acid (THCA) into cholic acid (Pedersen, J. I., and J. Gustafsson, 1980. FEBS Lett. 121: 345-348). In the present work, this peroxisomal THCA oxidizing system has been studied in more detail. The peroxisomes were prepared by sucrose gradient centrifugation. By use of different marker enzymes, it was confirmed that the major part of the activity in the light mitochondrial fraction was located in the peroxisomes. The reaction was absolutely dependent on the presence of Mg2+, CoA, ATP, and NAD+ in the reaction medium. In addition to cholic acid, small amounts of 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 24-tetrahydroxy-5 beta cholestanoic acid were detected as product. Provided the peroxisomes were preincubated with ATP and CoA, the reaction was linear with time up to 75 min. It was linear with peroxisomal protein and the pH optimum was 8. The reaction was stimulated by FAD (ca. 50%), by cytosolic protein (about twofold), by microsomal protein (about twofold), bovine serum albumin (about sevenfold), and by KCN (75% at 1 mM). In the absence of bovine serum albumin in the medium the K'm for the overall reaction was 1.4 X 10(-6) M and the maximum rate was 4.3 nmol X mg-1 X hr 1. In the presence of bovine serum albumin, the K'm increased to 6.3 X 10(-6) M and the maximum rate to about 32 nmol X mg-1 X hr-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6668451 TI - Distribution of apolipoprotein A-IV between the lipoprotein and the lipoprotein free fractions of rat plasma: possible role of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. AB - Plasma samples were incubated under various conditions to study the effect of in vitro incubation on apolipoprotein A-IV distribution between the lipoprotein and lipoprotein-free fractions. When plasma was fractionated immediately after bleeding, apolipoprotein A-IV was present in equal concentrations in the lipoprotein and lipoprotein-free fractions. After a 4-hr, 37 degrees C incubation, greater than 90% of total plasma apolipoprotein A-IV was present in the lipoprotein fraction and the percentage of plasma cholesterol present as cholesteryl ester increased from 58% to 74%. When plasma was incubated for 4 hr at 37 degrees C in the presence of 1.5 mM 5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), greater than 90% of total plasma apoA-IV was present in the lipoprotein free fraction, whereas plasma cholesteryl ester concentration did not change. Incubating heat-inactivated plasma for 4 hr also resulted in the redistribution of apolipoprotein A-IV from the lipoprotein fraction to the lipoprotein-free fraction, concurrent with no change in cholesterol esterification. When heat inactivated plasma was incubated in the presence of a purified lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase preparation, cholesterol esterification was restored and apolipoprotein A-IV was redistributed from the lipoprotein-free fraction to the lipoprotein fraction in such a manner that greater than 90% was present in the lipoprotein fraction. No changes in apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein E distributions were found under any of the above conditions. Thus, the in vitro plasma incubations show that apolipoprotein A-IV can move bidirectionally between lipoprotein and lipoprotein-free fractions; the direction of this movement depends on the condition of the incubation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6668452 TI - Cholesterol turnover and metabolism in two patients with abetalipoproteinemia. AB - Total body turnover of cholesterol was studied in two patients with abetalipoproteinemia, a 32-year-old man and a 31-year-old woman. The patients received [14C]cholesterol intravenously, and the resulting specific activity-time curves (for 40 and 30 weeks, respectively) were fitted with a three-pool model. Parameters were compared with those from studies of cholesterol turnover in 82 normal and hyperlipidemic subjects. A three-pool model gave the best fit for the abetalipoproteinemic patients, as well as for the 82 previously studied subjects, suggesting general applicability of this model. Cholesterol production rates in the two abetalipoproteinemic subjects (0.82 and 0.89 g/day) were close to values predicted for persons of their body weight. Thus, total body turnover rate of cholesterol was quite normal in abetalipoproteinemia, confirming previous reports. Very low values (9.2 and 8.4 g) were found for M1, the size of the rapidly exchanging compartment pool 1, in the two abetalipoproteinemic subjects. These values were well below the values predicted (from the comparison study population) for normal persons of this size with low plasma cholesterol levels. For one patient, total body exchangeable cholesterol was very low, although not significantly below the predicted values for a person of his size. In the second patient, the observed estimate for total body exchangeable cholesterol was well within the range of values predicted for persons of her size with low to extremely low cholesterol levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6668453 TI - Separation of steryl esters by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. AB - Thirty steryl esters composed of ten different fatty acids and 14 sterols as well as two wax esters were analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography on a Zorbax ODS column at 205 nm using acetonitrile-isopropanol 60:40 (v/v) as a mobile phase. Contributions (sigma values) of individual double bonds and alkyl groups in the steryl ester were determined from the relative retention values for steryl esters with and without the feature. A double bond and an alkyl group had a greater effect on the retention time of a steryl ester when present in the fatty acid rather than in the sterol moiety. The sigma value can be used to obtain structural information about a steryl ester. Separation of a complex mixture of steryl esters found in corn oil was achieved using this technique. PMID- 6668454 TI - Lumbar facet syndrome: spinographic assessment of treatment by spinal manipulative therapy. AB - Spinographic parameters of a group of patients with extension facet subluxations and a group with herniated disc nucleus pulposus of the lumbar spine were evaluated pre- and post-manipulative treatment. A statistically significant decrease in the mean disc angle at the involved level in the extension facet subluxation group was seen with the mean post-treatment disc angle more closely resembling that of the controls. Likewise, a statistically significant increase occurred in the mean disc angle at the involved level in the disc herniation group post-treatment to one more closely resembling that of the controls. Distinct postural configurations were identified in the two test groups. That of the disc group normalized post-treatment, suggesting it to be a secondary pathomechanical process such as antalgia. The postural complex of the facet group was significantly different than that of the control group, but did not change significantly after correction of the acute lesion by manipulation, suggesting it to possibly be an antecedent etiological factor to these lesions. PMID- 6668455 TI - Diagnostic palpation of the spine: a review of procedures and assessment of their reliability. AB - Spinal palpation as employed by practitioners of manipulative therapy is a common diagnostic tool used to identify manipulable lesions. Three methods of diagnostic palpation are static palpation, active motion palpation and passive motion palpation. As a diagnostic technique, spinal palpation suffers from a lack of research on its statistical reliability. Assessment of the clinical efficacy of manipulative therapy would be better addressed if a statistically reliable method of palpatory diagnosis were developed. PMID- 6668456 TI - Pes planus: a review of etiology, diagnosis and chiropractic management. AB - A review of current concepts of etiology, diagnosis and chiropractic treatment of pes planus was conducted in consideration that this condition is one of the most prevalent disorders affecting the foot. According to general understanding, pes planus may be due to either congenital or acquired causes, which are prone to progressive development of foot malfunction and pain unless properly managed. It is concluded that conservative chiropractic treatment of pes planus is the initial therapy of choice. PMID- 6668457 TI - The effects of hemoglobin supplements on maximal oxygen uptake in females. AB - There was no significant change in the maximal oxygen uptake for either the experimental or the control group from the pre-test to the post-test. Five blood chemistry measures were unable to predict the post-maximal oxygen uptake scores using the procedure of stepwise regression. An examination of the blood chemistry profiles indicated that sports anemia did not occur. The factorial breakdown was unable to produce any significant insight into the changes in hemoglobin concentration and oxygen consumption. Heme-iron supplementation was unable to override the regulatory system of the body and allow the hemoglobin level to become elevated. PMID- 6668458 TI - Prevalence of diagnoses on the basis of radiographic evaluation of chiropractic cases. AB - The use of plain film radiography has long been a staple of the chiropractic profession. Radiographic examinations are a valuable tool in the chiropractic diagnosis of a patient's condition. This study shows the results of a review of all the radiographic examinations performed in the Janse Chiropractic Clinic during the 1982 calendar year. The diagnosis are classed as musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, or abdominal. The multiplicity and variety of diagnoses in each classification is discussed in order to advise the chiropractic physician of the need for careful skilled interpretation of all radiographic series that are performed. PMID- 6668459 TI - Sub-deltoid bursitis due to calcific tendonosis of the rotator cuff: a case report. AB - A case was reported at this private Chiropractic Office of a 50 year old white female with acute pain in the right anterior shoulder. Physical, neurological, and roentgenologic examinations revealed a diagnosis of calcific tendonosis of the right rotator cuff muscles with resultant Sub-Deltoid bursitis. A conservative regimen of therapy was instituted which included immobilization, physical therapy, manipulation, and eventually rehabilitative exercises. PMID- 6668460 TI - Cardiac performance in the in situ perfused fish heart during extracellular acidosis: interactive effects of adrenaline. AB - The physiological integrity of the in situ perfused heart of the ocean pout was established by its ability to maintain cardiac output (Q) over a range of work loads, and by the dependence of Q upon the filling pressure of the heart. Similar observations have been reported previously for the in situ perfused heart of the sea raven. Physiological levels of extracellular acidosis (pH 7.6/1% CO2 and pH 7.4/2% CO2) significantly depressed cardiac performance in sea raven and ocean pout hearts in situ. Negative chronotropic and inotropic responses were observed. Adrenaline (AD; 10(-7) M) under control conditions (pH 7.9/0.5% CO2) produced a sustained tachycardia. The tachycardia reduced filling time of the ventricle and stroke volume was compromised because of the constant preload to the heart. Consequently, AD produced only an initial, transient increase in stroke volume and Q. Thereafter, stroke volume was reduced in proportion with the increase in heart rate, and Q remained unchanged. The combined challenge of extracellular acidosis and AD demonstrated interactive effects between AD and acidosis in situ. Q and power output were maintained in both species at both levels of extracellular acidosis during the combined challenge. Thus AD alone can maintain (but not improve upon) basal Q during extracellular acidosis. The effects of extracellular acidosis, circulating catecholamines and venous return pressure to the heart are discussed in relation to the regulation of Q following exhaustive exercise. PMID- 6668462 TI - 'Instant' analysis of movement. PMID- 6668461 TI - Effects of ionophore-mediated transport on the cardiac resting potential. PMID- 6668463 TI - Photoperiodic effects on thermoregulation in a 'blind' subterranean mammal. AB - Thermoregulatory responses to changes in photoperiod were studied in the 'blind' mole rat Spalax ehrenbergi (Nehring). Acclimation of cold-sensitive individuals to short photoperiod (8L:16D) at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 22 degrees C increased their thermoregulatory capacity in cold conditions, when compared to individuals which were acclimated to a photoperiod of 12L:12D at the same Ta. Acclimation of cold-resistant individuals to Ta = 17 degrees C but with a photoperiod of 16L:8D caused a decrease in thermoregulatory capacity. Evaluation of the visual pathway through the visual-evoked potentials showed that the mole rat does not respond to flash stimuli and can thus be considered to be effectively blind. PMID- 6668464 TI - Influence of some common methylxanthines on contractile responses and calcium mobilization of ileal, vas deferens and bladder smooth muscle. AB - Caffeine and theophylline (0.1-5.0 mM) relaxed rat ileal muscle and reduced spontaneous rhythmicity. They inhibited the K-induced tonic contractures of rat vas deferens and bladder muscle strips but were without significant effect on the phasic responses to K. Theobromine (1.0-2.5 mM) induced contractures in ileal muscle and enhanced both the phasic and tonic components of K-induced contractures in vas deferens and bladder muscle strips. Theophylline and caffeine inhibited by varying degrees the 45Ca efflux from ileal, vas deferens and bladder muscle strips during the slow intracellular phase, but theobromine significantly stimulated 45Ca slow compartment efflux in all three types of muscle. Caffeine and theophylline both depressed, to varying degrees, the 45Ca influx into all three muscles while theobromine stimulated 45Ca influx in all cases. Caffeine and theophylline were either without much effect or slightly stimulated calcium binding by microsomes and mitochondria isolated from ileum, vas deferens and bladder, while theobromine significantly inhibited calcium binding by both sub cellular fractions in all three muscles. The inhibitory action of caffeine and theophylline on these muscles appears to be due to inhibition of calcium influx coupled with some stimulation of intracellular binding. Theobromine's excitatory action appears to be related to stimulation of calcium influx and inhibition of cellular calcium binding. PMID- 6668465 TI - Regulation of the acid-base status during environmental hypercapnia in the marine teleost fish Conger conger. AB - Specimens of Conger conger (L.) were exposed to environmental hypercapnia in a closed recirculating seawater system. Arterial plasma pH, PCO2 and bicarbonate concentration, as well as the net transfer of bicarbonate and ammonia between fish and ambient seawater, were monitored for 30 h of hypercapnia. The initial hypercapnia-induced reduction of arterial pH by about 0.4 pH units was restored to near control values within 10 h of hypercapnia by compensatory elevation of plasma bicarbonate concentration. The continuous rise in extracellular bicarbonate from about 5 to 22 mM during this time was the result of two different mechanisms. Initially, there was a net bicarbonate transfer from the intracellular space to the extracellular compartment until the net uptake of bicarbonate from the seawater started. The amount of bicarbonate originally transferred to the extracellular space was then returned to the intracellular compartment and finally the changes in both extracellular and intracellular pH were compensated by bicarbonate taken up from the environmental seawater. Since the ammonia excretion was not increased during hypercapnia and the pattern of plasma electrolyte concentrations does not favour the H+/Na+ ion exchange mechanism, it is concluded that the additional bicarbonate is gained by active HCO3-/Cl- ion exchange against the electrochemical gradient between fish and seawater. PMID- 6668466 TI - CDA is a new chromosomally-determined antibiotic from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). AB - Mutations (cda) leading to non-production of the new calcium-dependent antibiotic (CDA) of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) were closely linked on the chromosome. One representative mutation (cda-1) was mapped precisely between nicA and adeC. No cosynthesis of CDA was found in any pairwise combinations of 14 cda mutants. Mutations lacking aerial mycelium (bald mutations), mapping to the four previously described loci (bldA-D), were pleiotropically defective in production of CDA. PMID- 6668467 TI - Enhancement of bacterial adhesion by shear forces: characterization of the haemagglutination induced by Aeromonas salmonicida strain 438. AB - Application of a viscometric assay to the haemagglutination induced by Aeromonas salmonicida strain 438 showed that shear forces can enhance the strength of bacterial adhesion. The D-mannose/L-fucose-sensitive reaction proceeded in two phases, an initial phase in which the degree of aggregation remained constant during shearing and a second stage, induced by shear, in which agglutination was enhanced as shear was maintained. The results strongly paralleled those found in studies of concanavalin A-induced haemagglutination, providing good evidence that adhesion in this species took place via lectin-like molecules. Methyl-alpha-D mannoside, which strongly inhibits haemagglutination in this system, would not fully reverse the shear-dependent reaction. EGTA inhibited and reversed both phases, however. The effects of bacterial concentration, temperature, time of growth, pH, and a spectrum of monosaccharide inhibitors were also studied. The results demonstrated that the shear-dependent reaction has a number of features which distinguish it from the initial stage of haemagglutination, implying differences in the underlying biochemical mechanisms involved. PMID- 6668468 TI - [Morphologic image of structures of the limbic system in rats after prolonged administration of antiepileptics]. AB - Morphological changes in the anatomical structures of the limbic system induced by phenytoin and ethosuximide administered in effective doses for 1, 3 and 6 months in rats were analyzed. The clinical symptoms consisted of some vegetative and behavioral disorders, mostly transitory. Differences in gain of body weight depending on the sex of the animal and the drug administered were observed. The morphological changes in the parenchymal and mesenchymal nervous tissue elements were not specific with regard to their topography or to the type of pathological process. Some morphological differences depending on the drug and its period of administration were observed only in rats treated for 1 and 3 months. The neuropathological picture in rats treated with both drugs for 6 months showed a great similarity. The pathological process in the ganglionic cells had the character of degeneration. Morphological changes in the myelin sheaths were due to edema which appeared to be vasculogenic and situated in the white matter. Focal and diffuse proliferation of cellular glia appeared after administration of both drugs for 1 and 3 months while in those treated for 6 months the degenerative changes were seen. The anatomo-comparative study of the neuropathological picture in the rats treated with both drugs and the morphological picture of the limbic system structures in patients with chronic epilepsy indicates that the drugs examined could play some role in the pathogenesis of the limbic system lesions encountered in epileptics. PMID- 6668469 TI - F response analysis of motor disorders of central origin. AB - Antidromically activated motor responses (F waves) were analyzed. In series of 15 responses recorded from the calf and abductor pollicis brevis muscles, cross correlation (r) values were obtained for latency and duration (r lat-dur), latency and amplitude (r lat-amp), and amplitude and duration (r amp-dur). In 38 normal subjects, significant (P less than 0.05) negative correlations tended to be found for r lat-dur and r lat-amp with significant positive correlations for r amp-dur. These data differed (generally P less than 0.001) from those obtained in 32 patients with motor disorders of central origin based either on evaluation of the proportion of individual studies with statistically significant correlations or on comparison of the means of the z transformations of the r values. Similar data from 20 patients with slowed motor conductions also differed significantly from those with central abnormalities but not from control subjects. The data indicate that F responses are altered by central motor system disorders and suggest that specific patterns of F response r values may be related to specific types of dysfunction. PMID- 6668470 TI - Carrier detection in X-linked Becker muscular dystrophy by muscle provocation test (MPT). AB - The muscle provocation test (MPT: 40 min of strenuous exercise on a bicycle ergometer) is a sensitive method for the detection of carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The diagnostic applicability of MPT for carrier detection in X-linked Becker muscular dystrophy is demonstrated. Obligate carriers with mean creatine kinase (CK) values on repeated determination within the normal range showed a greater CK elevation after MGP than control subjects. Three of seven daughters of obligate carriers with normal resting CK activity had increased CK activity after MPT. These data suggest that the use of MPT may enhance the capability to discriminate carriers for these X-linked recessive genes. PMID- 6668471 TI - Occipital dysplasia and Chiari type I deformity in a family. Clinical and radiological study of three generations. AB - Three generations of a family affected by a craniocervical malformation (CCM) were subjected to clinical and radiological studies. Occipital dysplasia (OD) and Chiari type I deformity (CD.I) were the main features, inheritance being autosomal-dominant. The malformation was variably expressed; it ranged from OD with basilar impression (BI) to OD without BI and from CD.I with OD to CD.I without obvious osseous malformation. Its pathogenesis, and that of other related familial disorders (Klippel-Feil syndrome and syringomyelia), is discussed, the conclusion being drawn that all were elements of one genetic disorder which finds expression in a very variable sequence. The value of high-resolution CT in the detection of asymptomatic carriers is emphasized. PMID- 6668472 TI - Detection of carriers of X-linked gene for Duchenne muscular dystrophy by levels of creatine kinase and pyruvate kinase. AB - Creatine kinase (CK) is the enzyme most often utilized for the detection of carriers of the gene for X-linked muscular dystrophies. In 1974, pyruvate kinase (PK) levels were also found to be increased in these carriers. The objective of the present study, carried out on 77 women related to patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), was to compare the efficiency of the two enzymes in the detection process. Of the 11 obligate heterozygotes for the DMD gene in the group, 8 exhibited elevated mean CK levels, 6 had elevated mean PK levels, and 9 had elevated mean levels of at least one of the enzymes. Among the mothers of isolated patients, 2/13 had elevated mean CK levels, 3/13 had elevated mean PK levels, and 5/13 had elevated mean levels of at least one of these enzymes. Thus, the study confirms data obtained by other investigators indicating that the use of PK can increase the detection rate of carriers of the gene for X-linked muscular dystrophies. PMID- 6668473 TI - Ambulatory electrocardiographic recording in mild or moderate myotonic dystrophy and myotonia congenita (Thomsen's disease). AB - Ambulatory electrocardiographic recording (AER) was performed on 27 adult patients with mild or moderate myotonic dystrophy (MD) and in 12 adult patients with mild myotonia congenita (MC) to determine whether characteristic arrhythmias and conduction disturbances occur in the early stages of these myotonic disorders. In MD and MC, AER showed at least one finding regarded as normal in 93% and 0% of cases, respectively. The most common abnormalities in MD were first degree atrioventricular (A-V) block (in 70% of cases) and QTc greater than or equal to 0.46 s (in 33%). Abnormal sinus intervals and frequent second degree A-V block were rare, each occurring in 4% of patients. Ventricular tachycardia did not occur. It is concluded that signs of involvement of cardiac conductive tissue in the MD disease process are very common, even in the early stages. Delayed A-V conduction in the most common single finding. Sinus nodal dysfunction, severe disturbances in A-V conduction, and ventricular arrhythmias are not common in mild disease. Repeated AER is indicated, to evaluate whether conduction disturbances in MD are progressing. PMID- 6668474 TI - Neural transplantation in the spinal cord of adult rats. Conditions, survival, cytology and connectivity of the transplants. AB - Embryonic neural tissues of various types were transplanted into the intact, completely transected, and partially transected spinal cords of adult rats. The host animals were killed 4-6 months after the surgery, and the spinal cords and transplants examined. The best results were obtained when embryonic neocortical tissues obtained from 16-day rat embryos were used for transplantation into host animals that had been subjected to partial sectioning of the spinal cord. Use of other types of neural tissue, or transplantation of tissues into the intact or completely severed spinal cords was not successful. The successful neocortical transplants had survived, grown, differentiated, and established anatomical integration with the host spinal cords. The anatomical integration was established through an interface with the host spinal cord along the basal aspect. Along the lateral aspect glial scar tissue was present separating the transplants from the spinal cord parenchyma. The transplants contained well differentiated and normal-looking neurons. They received afferents from the spinal cord only through the interface and not through the glial scar formations. The findings indicated that it is possible to transplant embryonic neocortical tissues into the spinal cords of the adult animals that become integrated with the spinal cord parenchyma. The axonal fibers in the adult spinal cord appear capable of regeneration and growing into the transplants only when an appropriate neural milieu, in the form of a healthy and viable interface, is available. In its absence the severed axons of the adult spinal cord do not grow into the neural transplants. PMID- 6668475 TI - Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy. Clinical, genetic, electrophysiological and histopathological studies. AB - Clinical, genetic, electrophysiological and histopathological studies in a four generation family with hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA) are described. Clinically two kinds of attack could be distinguished: (1) the classical type with pain and weakness lasting for weeks to months, leaving atrophy and sometimes residual weakness; 2) attacks consisting of recurrent pain and weakness lasting for a few days and occurring about once a week for several months, also resulting in persisting atrophy and weakness. Genetically a strong association was found between HNA and hypotelorism, probably due to pleiotropism of one single gene. Close linkage with any of 29 genetic markers was not present. The electrophysiological findings indicated that a local process in the brachial plexus, possibly demyelination or a conduction block, was the primary pathophysiological mechanism. Nevertheless, the sural nerve of the index case, biopsied 5 months after the onset of an attack, showed a decreased number of myelinated nerve fibres per cross-sectional area. Apparently, other parts of the peripheral nervous system may be affected subclinically in an attack of brachial plexopathy. The central and peripheral nervous system of his mother, 30 years after her last attack of HNA, showed only nonspecific changes. Tomacula were not seen in either case. HNA and hereditary liability to pressure palsies (HLPP) are distinctly different disorders. PMID- 6668476 TI - Long-term culture of human oligodendrocytes. Isolation, growth and identification. AB - Oligodendrocytes were isolated from adult human brains obtained at autopsy. The cells were prepared by Percoll density gradient centrifugation, seeded on plastic coverslips and were cultured for a period up to 6 months. The oligodendrocytes in culture expressed cell-type specific markers, galactocerebroside and myelin basic protein and revealed the ultrastructure of mature oligodendrocytes. PMID- 6668477 TI - A quantitative study of the muscle satellite cells in various neuromuscular disorders. AB - The regenerative ability of muscles was studied in various neuromuscular disorders by quantitative electron microscopy using two indices of both the satellite cell population and the euchromatin percentage of satellite cell nucleus. Both the number of satellite cells and the euchromatin percentage were increased in polymyositis. Duchenne muscular dystrophy and myotonic dystrophy showed only an increased number of satellite cells without increased euchromatin percentage, while amyotrophic lateral sclerosis had only an increased euchromatin percentage without increased satellite cell number. These results suggest that some defects of satellite cell function probably exist in progressive muscular dystrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, while in polymyositis the muscle fiber may have the ability to regenerate completely. The euchromatin percentages of myonuclei were increased in polymyositis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, but not in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or myotonic dystrophy compared to those of controls. This suggests the activated function of the remaining muscle fibers in polymyositis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6668478 TI - Low cerebrospinal fluid concentration of brain-specific protein D2 in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. AB - The synaptic membrane glycoprotein D2 was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in 13 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), in 14 patients with primary degenerative dementia of Alzheimer type (PDD), and in 24 patients without evidence of organic nervous disease (controls). Mean CSF D2 concentration was significantly lower in NPH patients: 299 +/- 48 ng/ml (SEM) (P less than 0.001) than in PDD patients: 658 +/- 50 ng/ml (SEM) and in controls 641 +/- 45 ng/ml (SEM). Plasma D2 concentrations were higher in PDD patients compared with those found in controls. Determination of CSF D2 concentrations might be of diagnostic value in discrimination between patients with NPH and PDD patients with enlarged ventricles associated with diffuse brain atrophy. PMID- 6668480 TI - Menkes' disease and swayback. A comparative study of two copper deficiency syndromes. AB - The neuropathological findings in two siblings with Menkes' disease were compared with representative material obtained from lambs suffering from swayback (enzootic ataxia). The aim of the study was to demonstrate the similarity of lesions in a genetic and a nutritional form of copper deficiency in support of the view that all lesions in Menkes' disease could be ascribed to simple hypocupraemia. All lesions of Menkes' disease were shown to have their counterpart in swayback, with exception of the abnormal arborisations of the Purkinje cell dendrites. These have often been interpreted as malformations and cited in evidence of the prenatal origin of the cerebral lesions. They are, however, non-specific and similar lesions have been reported in conditions arising in later life. While there is abundant collateral evidence of disturbed copper metabolism in utero, the problem of the prenatal versus postnatal origin of cerebral damage remains unresolved. PMID- 6668479 TI - Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid diets on plasma lipids of patients with adrenomultineuronal degeneration, hepatosplenomegaly and fatty acid derangement. AB - The effect on plasma fatty acid composition of 3-6 weeks feeding of standard diets supplemented with various omega 6 polyenoic fatty acids (18:2, 18:3, 20:3 or 20:4) was studied in two young brothers with multineuronal degeneration plus. These boys had mental retardation or maldevelopment, neurosensory hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa, progressive muscular atrophy, hepatosplenomegaly and adrenal failure. The study objectives were to localize the site of metabolic block and to assess the safety and short-term clinical effect of dietary treatment. Our studies have shown that the low plasma levels of 20:4 omega 6 can be corrected by feeding ethyl arachidonate and that no adverse effects were experienced. A diet enriched in ethyl linoleate produced no obvious increases of 18:2 omega 6 metabolites, indicating that these patients do not have a linoleate deficiency in their omega 6 polyenoic fatty acid pathway. Lack of incorporation of 20:4 omega 6 and a retroconversion of 20:3 omega 6 to 18:2 omega 6 after a dihomo-gamma-linolenate-enriched diet suggest that a defect of delta 5 desaturase may be involved. PMID- 6668481 TI - Constant infusion schedule for adriamycin: a phase I-II clinical trial of a 30 day schedule by ambulatory pump delivery system. AB - Eighteen patients received a continuous intravenous infusion of adriamycin for 14 60 days in a phase I study in which the dose rates were escalated from 2 mg/sq m/day to 5 mg/sq m/day to establish the optimal dose to be delivered over a 30 day period. The drug was delivered via a tunneled subclavian catheter by a portable infusion pump (Cormed model ML-6) primed to provide a volume of diluted drug of 10 cc/day. Leukopenia and stomatitis were observed at 4 mg/sq m/day doses or greater in 50% of courses. At doses less than 4 mg/sq m/day, only 3/17 courses (18%) were associated with stomatitis. Partial alopecia developed in all patients, but less than 50% of scalp hair was affected. The cumulative dose of continuous infusion adriamycin at 30 days is comparable to the dose delivered by standard bolus intermittent schedules (60-90 mg/sq m g 21 days), but the adverse drug effects are eliminated or substantially reduced. Cardiac toxicity was assessed in selected patients treated to 450 mg/sq m or greater by cardiac biopsy and/or gated pool studies. No histopathologic lesions were noted in 3 patients receiving 450 mg/sq m or greater. The recommended daily dose rate of adriamycin in this protracted infusion regimen is 3 mg/sq m/day. The phase II study of this schedule and dose rate in 38 additional patients (a total of 52 evaluable patients) demonstrated objective responses in 1/9 soft tissue sarcoma, 1/3 mesothelioma, 1/3 hepatoma, and 2/13 breast cancer. Phase III studies of the protracted continuous infusion schedule for adriamycin are indicated in that clinical activity is demonstrated at a substantial reduction in toxicity. Pharmacologic studies expanding the existing data base are also necessary. PMID- 6668483 TI - The response of Ewing's sarcoma to sequential cyclophosphamide and adriamycin induction therapy. AB - Twenty-four consecutive patients with Ewing's sarcoma were treated in a protocol designed to deliver induction chemotherapy with postinduction surgical-pathologic evaluation of the primary tumor site. This was followed by delayed radiotherapy, the dose and port of which was dependent on the response to induction chemotherapy. All patients received 5 courses of sequential cyclophosphamide and adriamycin during the 3-mo induction period. Nineteen of 23 evaluable patients had no gross residual tumor following this therapy. Of the remaining 4, 2 had complete surgical excision of residual gross disease. Of the 22 patients who were free of gross tumor following induction chemotherapy and surgery, 5 received no radiotherapy, 16 received moderate-dose limited port radiotherapy (3000-3500 R), and 1 received high-dose limited port radiotherapy (5000 R). All 14 patients with localized disease attained remission and are surviving 9-41+ mo (median 21+) with 2 local recurrences occurring after 10 and 33 mo of remission. Of the 10 patients presenting with metastatic disease, 8 attained complete remission with 4 of the 8 remaining disease-free 12-34+ mo from diagnosis. This study indicates that Ewing's sarcoma is very sensitive to moderate-dose 2 drug chemotherapy of low toxicity and that it is possible to delay radiotherapy and any extensive surgical procedure until remission is induced. PMID- 6668482 TI - Scalp hypothermia: a comparison of ice packs and the Kold Kap in the prevention of doxorubicin-induced alopecia. AB - Two methods of scalp hypothermia were compared in preventing alopecia, a side effect of doxorubicin chemotherapy that has a significant psychologic impact on the patient. Thirty-three patients received scalp ice packs consisting of crushed ice in plastic bags. Twenty-nine patients received Kold Kap, a device that produces chilling via an endothermic reaction. Scalp hypothermia was applied for 5-10 min before the doxorubicin bolus and left in place for 30-40 min afterward. The percent of hair loss was rated at each visit and photographs were used to further quantitate any hair loss. Sixty-three percent of Kold Kap and 56% of ice pack patients had good or better protection and did not require wigs. Excellent protection (less than 25% loss) was provided for 51% of Kold Kap and 33% of ice pack patients. Similar protection was provided to Kold Kap patients regardless of dose, while ice pack patients received significantly better protection if their doxorubicin doses were less than 50 mg. Scalp hypothermia is an effective method of preventing doxorubicin-induced alopecia. PMID- 6668484 TI - Reflections on medical oncology: an appeal for better clinical trials and improved reporting of their results. PMID- 6668485 TI - A comparison of the quality of participation of community affiliates and that of universities in the Northern California Oncology Group. AB - The quality of participation in the performance of clinical trials of university members and community affiliates of the Northern California Oncology Group is evaluated and compared. The data, based on 738 patients on 33 protocols, were collected during a one year period, July 1, 1980--June 30, 1981. The comparisons are made on three types of criteria: accrual distribution, with respect to study phase and modality multiplicity; data quality, generally reflecting protocol adherence; and data completeness. The performance of the community affiliates was found to equal or surpass that of the university members in most measures. Therefore, it is concluded that the community affiliates are functioning as full and valuable participants in the Northern California Oncology Group. PMID- 6668486 TI - Hairy cell leukemia: lessons learned in twenty-five years. AB - This review was written to highlight the lessons learned in HCL in the past 25 years. It should serve as a guideline to practicing hematologists and oncologists regarding the diagnosis and management of HCL patients. It should stimulate investigators in training to realize that a disease can be understood with time; however, additional clinical observations and laboratory experiments may help to improve the survival rate even more. PMID- 6668487 TI - Oncogenic genes and their potential role in human malignancy. PMID- 6668488 TI - Malignant mesothelioma following radiation exposure. AB - Mesothelioma developed in proximity to the field of therapeutic radiation administered 10-31 years previously in four patients. In three, mesothelioma arose within the site of prior therapeutic radiation for another cancer. Mesothelioma in the fourth patient developed adjacent to the site of cosmetic radiation to a thyroidectomy scar. None of these four patients recalled an asbestos exposure or had evidence of asbestosis on chest roentgenogram. Lung tissue in one patient was negative for ferruginous bodies, a finding considered to indicate no significant asbestos exposure. Five other patients with radiation associated mesothelioma have been reported previously, suggesting that radiation is an uncommon cause of human mesothelioma. Problems in the diagnosis of radiation-associated mesotheliomas are considered. PMID- 6668489 TI - Analysis of survival by tumor response. AB - The common practice of comparing the survival of responders and nonresponders when reporting the results of cancer chemotherapy treatment is investigated. The usual method of comparing responders and nonresponders is biased in favor of responders, and these results are frequently misinterpreted as providing evidence that response prolongs survival, or that the treatment under study is effective. Two valid methods for comparing responders and nonresponders are discussed and recommendations are made concerning the analysis of survival by response. A comparison of survival by response category may be useful descriptively, but such a comparison should not be used for inference concerning treatment effectiveness. PMID- 6668491 TI - Patterns of hematologic toxicities from anticancer drugs. PMID- 6668492 TI - Age and therapy in women with breast cancer. PMID- 6668490 TI - A multifactorial analysis of prognostic factors in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. AB - A multifactorial analysis was used to identify the dominant prognostic variables predicting survival rates of 175 patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Seven of 22 parameters examined simultaneously were found to independently influence the median survival rate in these patients: (1) elevated alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.0004), (2) elevated serum bilirubin level (p = 0.0005), (3) location of hepatic metastases (unilateral or bilateral, p = 0.0022), (4) number of metastatic nodes involved (0, 1-5, greater than 5; p = 0.0148), (5) depressed serum albumin (p = 0.0217), (6) whether or not the primary colorectal tumor was resected (p = 0.0013), and (7) chemotherapy (given or withheld, p = 0.0439). The prothrombin time, serum lactic dehydrogenase, and the number of hepatic metastases also correlated with survival, but they did not independently predict survival rates after other more dominant factors were accounted for. A mathematical equation for predicting an individual patient's clinical course once they developed hepatic metastases was derived from this statistical analysis. In addition, a simple and clinically useful guide for predicting outcome was developed that integrated the two most important risk factors, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. PMID- 6668493 TI - Alteration of the pharmacokinetics of high-dose ara-C by its metabolite, high ara U in patients with acute leukemia. AB - The pharmacokinetics of high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HiDAC) given as a three hour intravenous infusion at 3 g/m2 were studied in five patients with acute leukemia during relapse and/or remission of their disease. Apparent steady state plasma levels of ara-C during 13 infusions averaged 115 +/- 32 microM. Upon cessation of the infusion, cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) was rapidly cleared from the plasma. The apparent postinfusion kinetics of ara-C were triexponential with a distribution half-life of 16 minutes and elimination half-lives of 1.8 hours and six hours. Total clearance averaged 86 L per hour and mean residence time averaged 0.47 hours. Disease status (relapse or remission) had no apparent effect on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ara-C. Peak levels of ara-U averaged 310 microM and the metabolite had an average apparent elimination half-life of 3.75 hours. Despite the persistence of ara-U at about 100 microM at the time of administration of subsequent infusions of ara-C, there was no further accumulation of ara-U in the plasma with repetitive infusions of HiDAC. In vitro studies indicate that ara-U can exert an inhibitory effect on deoxycytidine (dCyd) deaminase activity. The ratio of the Ki of ara-U to the Km of ara-C for cytidine (Cyd)-dCyd deaminase is 40:1; however, during the gamma phase of ara-C elimination, the ratio of ara-U:ara-C in plasma is at least 100:1. Thus, a retardation of systemic catabolism of ara-C by ara-U is possible. Two to three hours after the termination of the HiDAC infusion, the ara-C cerebrospinal fluid: plasma ratio is 1-3:1, a feature of potential therapeutic significance. The slower elimination of ara-C from the CSF may also contribute to the plasma gamma half-life. PMID- 6668494 TI - Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in metastatic breast cancer. AB - Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on data collected from the records of 619 patients with metastatic breast cancer in whom an Adriamycin containing chemotherapeutic regimen was used. Using a forward, stepwise logistic regression procedure, several models or equations in which a small number of pretreatment factors were incorporated were generated and the probability of response to therapy was accurately predicted. The predictive ability of these models was tested retrospectively in 546 of the 619 patients from whom the data were derived and prospectively in a new population of 200 patients with metastatic breast cancer also treated with a therapeutically equivalent Adriamycin combination. Using similar univariate techniques, pretreatment factors were correlated with the length of survival after therapy. The proportional hazard model of Cox was used to develop a regression model relating survival to pretreatment characteristics in much the same manner as that of the response model. The total population of the initial group of patients was divided according to four levels of hazard ratio, and survival distributions were compared. This model also was tested progressively and its predictive capability was confirmed. The prediction of individual outcome is a valuable capability in the comparison of clinical trials and the continuing evaluation of biologic changes in patients with metastatic carcinoma; such a method is described in this paper. PMID- 6668495 TI - The in vivo effect of thymic factor (thymostimulin) administration on circulating immune complexes and serum lysozyme levels in untreated Hodgkin's disease patients. AB - The in vivo effect of a calf thymus extract, thymostimulin, on the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and serum lysozyme was evaluated in 32 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease. Using the platelet aggregation test for detecting CICs, 12 patients (37%) had positive titers before thymostimulin treatment; 3 patients (10%) remained positive following therapy. Serum levels of Clq-binding immune complexes were evaluated (greater than 24.5 micrograms/ml) in 8 patients prior to thymostimulin therapy (mean value: 42.3 micrograms/ml); 3 patients continued to have elevated levels after treatment. Serum lysozyme levels for Hodgkin's patients was similar to control values (10.6 vs. 8.3 micrograms/ml); however, the Hodgkin's patients with initially elevated CICs had a lower serum lysozyme level than patients with initially normal CICs (12.9 vs. 7.3, p less than 0.02). Thymostimulin increased serum lysozyme levels in the Hodgkin's patients in whom the CICs were initially elevated (7.3 vs. 10.4 micrograms/ml, p less than 0.05). These data suggest that thymostimulin exerts an effect on the nonspecific immune system of Hodgkin's disease patients. PMID- 6668496 TI - A multifactorial analysis of melanoma. IV. Prognostic factors in 200 melanoma patients with distant metastases (stage III). AB - A multifactorial analysis of 200 cutaneous melanoma patients with distant metastasis (stage III) was performed on 13 clinical and pathological factors using the Cox regression analysis. There were only three dominant prognostic variables that independently predicted the patient's clinical course: (1) number of metastatic sites (1 vs. 2 vs. greater than or equal to 3, p less than 0.00001), (2) remission duration (less than 12 mo vs. greater than or equal to 12 mo, p = 0.0186), and (3) the location of the metastases (visceral vs. nonvisceral vs. combined, p = 0.0192). Factors that were not significant in the multifactorial analysis included the patients' age and sex, the site of the primary melanoma, the sequence of metastases, and all histopathological features of the primary melanoma (thickness, level of invasion, ulceration, growth pattern, pigmentation, and lymphocyte infiltration). For a single metastatic site, the 1-yr survival rate was 36%, while it was only 13% for 2 sites, and 0% for greater than or equal to 3 sites (p less than 0.00001). The 1-yr survival for patients was 40% for nonvisceral sites (skin, subcutaneous, distant lymph nodes) compared to only 11% for visceral metastases and 8% for combined sites (p less than 0.00001). Pulmonary metastases were associated with a significantly higher survival rate than metastatic melanoma in any other visceral site. The most common first site of distant metastases (either alone or in combination) was skin (38%), lung (36%), liver (20%), and brain (20%). The skin, subcutaneous and distant lymph node group was the first site of metastases in 59% of patients. This finding emphasizes the importance of careful physical exams in routine metastatic evaluations. Only a minority (25%) of stage I patients progressed to stage III disease after a median interval of 2.8 years. In contrast, the majority (75%) of melanoma patients with nodal metastases (stage II) progressed to stage III disease after a median duration of only 11 mo. Of the patients who eventually developed stage III disease, 95% of those who initially presented with stage II disease progressed within 3 yr, while stage I patients who progressed to stage III did not reach a 95% cumulative incidence until 8 yr. PMID- 6668497 TI - Guidelines for publishing papers on cancer clinical trials: responsibilities of editors and authors. AB - Guidelines are proposed for the reporting of clinical trials. These are meant to be used for both authors and journal editors. Specific proposals are made for: reporting the population under study, actual therapy used, describing the study design, accounting of patients, follow-up statistics, and describing the quality control of the data. Nonrandomized studies require special discussion. Such studies potentially have substantial biases which can lead to incorrect conclusions. Six areas of biases arising in nonrandomized studies are pointed out which should require a discussion in an acceptable published paper. The presentation of statistical results and the reporting of early studies present unusually difficult problems. Guidelines are presented for statistical analyses which, although simple to implement in practice, are not generally used. A proposal is made for the publication of early results of a study which require that the authors agree to follow and periodically report on their trial to the journal editor. If the early conclusions change with additional follow-up, the editor should notify its readers. The adoption of these guidelines can be an important force in raising the scientific level of the reporting of clinical trials. PMID- 6668499 TI - Comparison of extramedullary plasmacytomas with solitary and multiple plasma cell tumors of bone. AB - Patients with solitary osseous plasmacytomas (SOP) differ from those with extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) in that they are younger and the proportion of males is smaller. The median survival of the two groups is similar: 86.4 mo for SOP, and 100.8 mo for EMP. Progression-free survival, however, is much better for EMP. Only five EMP patients have progressed following initial radiation therapy: one developed a single bony lesion, two progressed to multiple myeloma, and two developed multiple EMP. Thus, 71% of EMP patients are progression free at 10 yr, and most deaths do not result from plasma cell neoplasia. In contrast, 13 SOP patients have progressed to develop additional osteolytic lesions, so that only 16% of SOP patients are progression free at 10 yr; death resulted from progression to multiple myeloma in most of these patients. In EMP patients the occurrence of involved lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis in seven, and initial relapse in regional nodes in three, suggest that consideration should be given to including regional lymph nodes in the radiation fields used to treat these patients. PMID- 6668498 TI - Stage II nonseminomatous testicular cancer: a 10-year experience. AB - Between 1970 and 1980, 82 patients with pathologic stage II nonseminomatous germ cell testicular carcinoma were treated at the University of Minnesota. Of the 30 patients treated with a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, 22 (77%) relapsed. Of the 18 patients treated with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and adjuvant radiotherapy, 12 (63%) relapsed. Sixteen patients received adjuvant chemotherapy before 1976, and 14 (87.5%) relapsed. After 1976, 18 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy (11 with cisplatin) and 2 (11%) have relapsed. No patient treated with cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy has relapsed. The toxicity has been modest. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is an effective and a safe adjuvant therapy for stage II nonseminomatous germ cell testicular carcinoma. PMID- 6668500 TI - Large cell lymphomas of the stomach: improved prognosis with complete resection of all intrinsic gastrointestinal disease. AB - Thirty-seven consecutive patients with large cell lymphoma involving the stomach were evaluated between 1974 and 1980. All seven stage IE patients underwent complete resection of the stomach and all patients are alive 21-41 mo after resection. Of 18 stage IIE, 11 underwent complete resection. Two resected patients without postoperative therapy died of their disease. Six patients treated with chemotherapy are alive and well, and two of three patients treated with radiotherapy remain alive without disease. Seven patients had incomplete resection or biopsy, and only one remains alive at 34 mo. Of eight stage IV patients, four had complete resection and chemotherapy without recurrence of their disease. All four patients who were not resected have died of their disease. This study strongly supports the role of early surgery in the management of gastric large cell lymphomas. PMID- 6668501 TI - Mycosis fungoides: subcutaneous and visceral tumors, orbital involvement, and ophthalmoplegia. AB - A patient with advanced severe mycosis fungoides presented several unusual features, including prominent lesions of the palate and tongue and an orbital tumor with exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia. A hitherto undescribed feature was the development of multiple, massive subcutaneous tumors unrelated to the dermis or to lymph nodes, and large tumors in the connective tissues of the buttock, flank, and retroperitoneum. The usual sites of extracutaneous dissemination of mycosis fungoides--lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lungs, and blood--were not demonstrably involved. This may be a new pattern of dissemination for this disease. Of practical importance is the immediate and complete relief of exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia that was obtained with emergency radiotherapy. PMID- 6668502 TI - Implantable pumps--opportunities for improved therapy of malignant disease. PMID- 6668503 TI - End results of treating children with localized non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with a combined modality approach of lessened intensity. AB - From 1978 to 1982, 28 children with localized non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, stages I and II, were treated with a combined modality protocol, reduced in intensity in comparison to our previous institutional protocol (1975-1978, reported in Cancer 45: 630-637, 1980), and modest by comparison to many current intensive regimens in widespread use. Induction consisted of vincristine (6 weekly doses, 1.5 mg/m2), cyclophosphamide (3 doses, on days 0, 21, and 42, 600 mg/m2 IV), and oral prednisone (40 mg/m2, daily for 1 mo) combined with low-dose, involved-field, supervoltage radiotherapy (2000 rads). Prophylactic treatment of the central nervous system was not given to all children, but only to those with primary tumors in the head and neck region, and consisted of intermittent intrathecal methotrexate only (12 mg/dose, three times in induction, and subsequently every 6 wk). Maintenance therapy, consisting of oral daily 6-mercaptopurine (75 mg/m2) and oral weekly methotrexate (30 mg/m2), was continued for a total duration of 15 mo from diagnosis. Overall, there were 15 children with stage I and 13 with stage II disease, and the majority of the cases (17 of 28) were localized to the head and neck. In addition, 7 children, all stage II, had completely resected gastrointestinal tumors; the other 4 cases presented in inguinal nodes. Histologically, 27 of the 28 tumors were high-grade diffuse (13 undifferentiated, i.e., small noncleaved cell type; 11 histiocytic, i.e., 5 large noncleaved cell type, and 6 immunoblastic type; and 3 lymphoblastic type); 1 case was mixed cell type, nodular and diffuse. All children were judged to be in complete remission at the end of induction, and 24 of 28 (85.7%) remain free of disease 4+ mo to nearly 4 yr from diagnosis (median 24+ mo); 19 have completed all planned therapy and are in unmaintained remission. The 4 cases failing therapy all were characterized by diffuse undifferentiated (small noncleaved cell) histology and exhibited regrowth of local tumor, resulting in a failure rate for this group (4 of 13, 30%) significantly different than for all remaining cases of other histologies (0 of 15), p less than 0.02 by log rank analysis. Patient tolerance to therapy was excellent, with negligible acute toxicity, and ambulatory outpatient management was the norm. Long-term follow-up will be necessary to judge whether adverse late consequences of treatment have been reduced by this approach. We conclude that a reduction in the intensity of therapy for children with stage I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphomas is feasible, apparently without significantly jeopardizing their excellent chance for cure. PMID- 6668504 TI - Phase I study of spirogermanium given daily. AB - Spirogermanium, an azaspirane compound, has recently had limited clinical trials using a schedule of intravenous injection one to three times every week. The observation of clinical antitumor activity and lack of myelosuppression prompted us to investigate further the clinical effects of spirogermanium administered on various schedules. A total of 52 patients with advanced metastatic tumors refractory to standard therapy were treated with spirogermanium. Three different schedules of drug administration were evaluated. Initially, a short daily IV infusion for 5 days every week was evaluated, starting with a dose of 30 mg/m2/day. A total of 22 patients received 69 courses with a dose range of 30-120 mg/m2/day for 5 days every week. The maximum tolerated dose was 100 mg/m2/day IV over 1 hr and 120 mg/m2 over 2-3 hr. In the second phase of the study, 12 patients received 41 courses of spirogermanium as a 24-hr continuous infusion for 5 days/wk at a dose of 150-375 mg/m2/day. The maximum tolerated dose was 200 mg/m2/day for 5 days. In the third phase of the study, 18 patients received spirogermanium as a continuous infusion daily for a median of 30 days (range 6-77 days) in a dose range of 100-200 mg/m2/day. The maximum tolerated dose was 150 mg/m2/day. Of the 44 assessable patients, 3 demonstrated a partial response and 3 had minor tumor regression; all responses occurred in lymphoma patients. The dose limiting toxicity of spirogermanium was neurologic; other side effects consisted of mild anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and possible lung toxicity. There was no clear evidence of cumulative toxicity despite daily administration of spirogermanium. Our data suggest that spirogermanium can be administered daily by several different schedules, and the optimum dose depends on the infusion time and the duration of therapy. The delivery of drug by continuous infusion permitted administration of twofold higher dose levels compared to the standard IV schedules used in previous studies. PMID- 6668505 TI - Breast cancer estrogen and progesterone receptor values: their distribution, degree of concordance, and relation to number of positive axillary nodes. AB - Increasing evidence indicates the importance of ascertaining the quantitative estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) content (in femtomoles per milligram cytosol protein) of primary breast cancers. Those values obtained from the tumors of 1,887 patients participating in National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project protocol B-09 have been analyzed to define (1) the distribution of tumor ER or PR according to patient age, (2) the distribution of tumor PR within a specific ER interval, and (3) the concordance of tumor ER and PR levels. The present findings indicate how predictive the knowledge of the amount of one receptor (e.g., ER) may be for estimating the amount of the other (PR), when the latter is unknown. PMID- 6668506 TI - Peritoneal mesothelioma: natural history and response to chemotherapy. AB - Twenty-three patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma seen at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute and the University of Maryland Cancer Center from 1968 to 1982 were studied to assess the natural history of the disease and the efficacy of current treatment. Asbestos exposure was reported by 57%. Of 18 patients receiving a doxorubicin-containing regimen, 14 had measurable or evaluable disease. One complete response, four partial responses and one regression (in a patient with evaluable but not measurable disease) were observed, ranging in duration from 6 to 36 months. A single patient remains disease free for more than 36 months after subsequent radiotherapy. Significant clotting abnormalities (including disseminated intravascular coagulation, massive thrombosis, fatal pulmonary emboli, Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia, and phlebitis) occurred in 22% of the patients. Trends toward decreased survival were observed for smokers, patients presenting with ascites, and those with stage II-IV disease. PMID- 6668507 TI - Phase I trial of retinol in cancer patients. AB - Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) and its analogues are undergoing evaluation as antineoplastic and chemoprevention agents. Because its toxicity and activity are poorly defined, we have completed a phase I trial of retinol. Retinol was administered to 13 cancer patients in daily doses ranging from 100,000 units/m2 to 350,000 units/m2. Neuropsychiatric changes were the earliest dose-limiting symptomatic toxicities, noted in 3 of 5 patients receiving more than 240,000 U/m2 for 3-4 months. Two patients receiving more than 270,000 U/m2 developed hepatomegaly after 3 and 4 months. Liver biopsies were consistent with vitamin A toxicity. Three patients receiving 200,000 U/m2 developed an increase in serum triglycerides concentration. Mild skin and mucous membrane dryness occurred in most patients receiving more than 150,000 U/m2. A mixed response was seen in one patient with melanoma. Because of neuropsychiatric and hepatic toxicity a retinol dose of 200,000 U/m2/day is recommended for future phase II trials. PMID- 6668508 TI - Local or regionally recurrent carcinoma of the breast: results of therapy in 121 patients. AB - Local or regional recurrence after primary surgical management for carcinoma of the breast was retrospectively evaluated by presenting stage and management in 121 patients. None had evidence of systemic disease. Management consisted of surgical removal only in 11 patients, removal followed by irradiation in 25, biopsy only followed by irradiation in 43, hormonal therapy after biopsy in 30, and chemotherapy after biopsy in 12. Mean and median follow-up for all patients was 46.9 and 31.5 months, respectively. Patients experiencing a recurrence within 24 months of primary surgical management experienced the worst overall and disease-free survival. The group of 42 patients with residual disease who received systemic therapy after biopsy had improved disease-free and overall survival at 5 years in comparison to the group of 43 patients who received local therapy after biopsy (p less than or equal to 0.05). Radiation therapy produced more frequent and durable control of local disease than did systemic therapy. Patients who had a complete response to applied therapy had significant improvement in overall survival. PMID- 6668510 TI - Reflections on medical oncology: an appeal for better clinical trials and improved reporting of their results. PMID- 6668509 TI - Survival of women with metastatic breast cancer at Yale from 1920 to 1980. AB - The tumor registry at Yale--New Haven Hospital, which began recording data in 1920, was utilized to examine the ultimate outcome of all breast cancer patients who were initially diagnosed at Yale with metastatic breast cancer. Of the 5,898 patients with breast cancer seen from 1920 to 1980, 574 initially had metastatic cancer. The median survival of these patients increased steadily from 21 months in 1920 to 41 months in the decade from 1970 to 1980. The percentage of women actually surviving 5 years increased from 5% in the 1920s to approximately 25% in the 1960s. Despite the use of combination drug programs in the 1970s, the percentage of these patients remaining alive at 5 years remained near 25%. Firm conclusions cannot be made from a retrospective study spanning 60 years, although the trends depicted and lack of continued improvement indicate that our current therapeutic approach to metastatic breast cancer may not result in dramatic improvement in overall survival. PMID- 6668511 TI - Weekly doxorubicin in endocrine-refractory carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Twenty-five patients with endocrine-refractory prostatic carcinoma were treated with doxorubicin, 20 mg/m2 given weekly. All patients had prior hormonal therapy (68% had two or more prior hormonal maneuvers), and 21 (84%) had prior therapeutic or palliative irradiation. Median Karnofsky performance status at the time of entry was 70. Hemoglobin was less than 12.0 g/dL in 15 patients. Bidimensional tumors were present in 12 patients in 19 disease sites; four of the 12 patients (33%) responded in eight of the 19 sites (42%); and three of eight patients had a 75% decrease in prostatic nodule size. Ten of 20 evaluable patients had an improvement of 20% or greater in Karnofsky performance status and 67% (14 of 21) had marked improvement in pain. A greater than 50% reduction or normalization of acid phosphatase occurred in 19% and of alkaline phosphatase in 53%. The overall response rate by National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria was 84%. Gastrointestinal toxicity and alopecia were minimal and myelosuppression was not life threatening in any patient. PMID- 6668513 TI - Progress in the treatment of plasma cell myeloma? PMID- 6668512 TI - Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma: results of combined modality treatment. AB - Eleven patients with extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EES) were treated with combined modality therapy at the National Cancer Institute. The diagnosis of EES was reserved for lesions that were identical to Ewing's sarcoma of bone by light and electron microscopy. Diagnostic work-up to rule out a skeletal primary included bone scan, localized views of adjacent bone, and bone tomography. Seven patients presented with an extremity primary and four patients had a truncal primary. No patients had evidence of metastases at presentation. Patients were treated with combined modality therapy consisting of high-dose local irradiation and vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy following a biopsy or local excision. No attempt was made to excise widely the primary tumor mass. Gross tumors generally responded rapidly to the combined modality treatment. Of 11 patients, seven (64%) remain disease free, with a follow-up of three to seven years from completion of therapy. Long-term local control was established in nine of 11 patients (82%). Autopsy findings on two patients with local failure showed no tumor involvement of adjacent bone. Attempts at gross resections by radical surgical procedures do not routinely appear to be necessary in light of the high local control rates with high-dose irradiation. PMID- 6668514 TI - Predictive value of lymphography for sites of subdiaphragmatic disease encountered at staging laparotomy in newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease and non Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 6668515 TI - A technique to quantify cytoreduction in the bone marrow induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy. AB - A technique to quantify the cytoreduction in the bone marrow induced by chemotherapy in leukemia patients is reported. Bone-marrow core biopsies are obtained and the specimens are carefully minced in McCoy's 5a medium with a 20% fetal bovine serum supplement. The number of cells present per millimeter length of bone-marrow specimen is obtained by finding the concentration of cells in the supernatant, multiplying by the total volume of the supernatant, and dividing by the length of the bone-marrow biopsy specimen. Cytocentrifuge preparations are made from this supernatant and stained by standard techniques. Once the percentage of blasts is found, the absolute number of blasts per millimeter of bone marrow can be calculated. Serial measurements were made in 19 patients: nine patients were receiving first-line therapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, and 10 were given experimental chemotherapy, which consisted of prolonged infusions of thymidine and cytosine arabinoside in six, and short infusions of thymidine, cystosine arabinoside, and phosphonoacetyl-l-aspartate, daily for five days in four. No patient with less than 2 log10 reduction in the number of marrow blasts achieved a remission, while only one patient in whom there was more than a 2 log10 reduction in the number of blasts failed to do so. PMID- 6668516 TI - Late relapse of testicular cancer. AB - The complete response (CR) rate of disseminated germ-cell tumors with current aggressive chemotherapy and surgical resection of localized residual disease is between 70%-80%. Most patients who relapse do so within the first year of therapy. We have observed seven patients with germ-cell tumors treated with a variety of modalities who relapsed after more than two years in CR (45-87 months). Five patients are alive after salvage therapy with follow-up too short to assess the durability of second remission. There were no features distinguishing late relapse patients from all patients treated with chemotherapy for germ-cell tumors. Follow-up in patients treated for germ-cell tumors with chemotherapy should be extended to five years before curability can be established. PMID- 6668517 TI - Local installation of small doses of streptokinase for treatment of thrombotic occlusions of long-term access catheters. AB - Small doses of streptokinase were infused locally into occluded long-term venous access catheters in seven patients with neoplasia who required such access for the administration of chemotherapy and blood products. This technique resulted in prompt resolution of clot in all patients, was easy to perform, and caused no hemorrhagic side effects or coagulation changes. PMID- 6668518 TI - [Serum catecholamines and blood pressure in caloric test]. PMID- 6668519 TI - [Postauricular myogenic responses in the diagnosis of brainstem disorders]. PMID- 6668520 TI - [Recurrent nature of habitual tonsillitis]. PMID- 6668521 TI - [Wave-flow index of phonation]. PMID- 6668522 TI - [Auditory brainstem response during the first year of life]. PMID- 6668523 TI - [Study of late positive component by auditory stimulation--possibility of clinical application]. PMID- 6668524 TI - [Histopathological studies of the maxillary sinus in chronic sinusitis --sex and age factors]. PMID- 6668525 TI - Temperature biofeedback in the treatment of children with migraine headaches. PMID- 6668526 TI - A large-sample many-variable study of motor dysfunction of infancy. PMID- 6668527 TI - The Personality Inventory for Children (PIC): its clinical utility with hyperactive children. PMID- 6668528 TI - Occipitofrontal circumference in newborns of betamethasone treated mothers. AB - Celestona (betamethasone-disodiumphosphate) and Celeston (betamethasone-acetat + betamethasone-disodiumphosphate) given intramuscularly to pregnant women in order to reduce the frequency of respiratory distress syndrome does not reduce the occipitofrontal circumference of the newborn infants. Before the results from the actual work were available an impeding effect of the evolution of the brain was found in the light of animal experiments. The material is comprised of 52 newborn infants whose mothers were treated with Celestona 8 mg daily for 3 days and 46 infants treated with Celeston 12 mg daily for 3 days. The untreated population comprises 1012 newborn infants. Excluded were non-caucasian infants, twins, stillborns and cases of uncertain gestational age. The occipitofrontal circumference in normal infants and those infants treated with betamethasone were compared in Figs. 2 and 3. Focusing only upon cases in which corticoids were given more than 7 days before delivery and in which no placental dysfunction was diagnosed, no differences from the normal were found (Tabs. II and III, and Figs. 3 A and B). PMID- 6668529 TI - Pulmonary edema occurring after isoxsuprine and dexamethasone treatment for preterm labor: Case report. AB - A case of maternal pulmonary edema occurring in a patient in the 32nd week of gestation is presented. This was our first case of pulmonary edema seen during a period of five years' usage of isoxsuprine in the treatment of premature labor. The patient presented was 28 years old, gravida 2, para 1, admitted to the maternity ward with premature uterine contractions. Her past history eliminate cardiac or pulmonary disease. Isoxsuprine therapy was begun with initial dose of 0.04 mg/min. and increased to 0.32 mg/min., the total dose administered was 560 mg during 48 hours. During this period she was given in dexamethasone 24 mg. Fluid balance on the first day of the treatment was +1.7 liters and on the second day +5.2 liters. Forty-eight hours from the commencement of the treatment, the patient experienced shortness of breath and chest pain. Physical examination disclosed wet rales over both lungs, sinus tachycardia and tachypnea. Laboratory examination disclosed hypopotassemia of 3 mEq/liter, hypoxemia (PO2 of 80 torr on 0.5 FiO2 face mask) with mild hyperventilation 28 torr PCO2 with normal ph 7.43. Recognition of the early signs of pulmonary edema enable swift clinical diagnosis and steps to be taken to prevent disasterous condition due to progressive hypoxemia. The prompt treatment in this complication includes discontinuation of isoxsuprine and fluid administration, placement of the patient in an erect position, intravenous furosemid 40 mg, oxygen supplement by face mask and 25 mg of meperidine. The patient's condition dramatically improved though the lung fields became completely clear from wet rales only eight hours from the start of dyspneic attack.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6668530 TI - Systematic pH-measurements in the umbilical artery: causes and predictive value of neonatal acidosis. AB - Subpartal and neonatal blood gas analyses have attracted increasing interest during the past 20 years. Different studies have been carried out to investigate the causes and immediate consequences of perinatal acidosis. It was the aim of this study to examine the long term outcome of acidotic-born babies. During 16 consecutive months all deliveries in the Obstetric Department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) were investigated with regard to incidence and causes of a perinatal acidosis (pHa.umb. less than 7.15). The psycho-motor development of all acidotic newborns was followed up for an average of 15 months. Out of 1922 deliveries a blood sample was available in all but 11 cases (0.57%). Seven newborns were excluded from the study on the assumption that their acidosis and outcome might be related to the underlying condition (congenital malformation and infection, extreme prematurity) rather than perinatal events. From the remaining 1904 deliveries 6.4% (N = 121) had a pHa.umb. less than 7.15 (Tab. I). The incidence of certain perinatal factors was compared in the acidotic and the non acidotic groups (Tab. II). The percentage of acidotic newborns is significantly higher in primipareae, in deliveries done on peridural analgesia in cord complications and premature rupture of the membranes, and in forceps deliveries. No difference could be found with regard to multiple pregnancies, meconiumstained amniotic fluid, cesarean sections, prematurity of 28 37 weeks, and sex. The relationship between CTG score and pHa.umb. is summarized in Tab. III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6668531 TI - Maternal half-sitting position in the second stage of labor. AB - The maternal half-sitting and supine position during the second stage of fullterm labor was compared in 100 women who, after identical opening phases in supine position, randomly delivered in half-sitting (50 degrees, n = 50) or supine position (n = 50). The whole duration of the second stage of labor or the time spent in active pushing did not differ between the groups. Vacuum extraction was needed twice (4%) in the group delivering in half-sitting and six times (12%) in the group delivering in supine position. Vaginal tear occurred in one mother in both groups. Early decelerations in fetal cardiotocography were seen 22 times in half-sitting and 14 times in supine group (p less than 0.05). However, late decelerations were seen in only one mother with half-sitting, as compared to five mothers with supine position. Four infants of mothers giving birth in supine position had 1 minute APGAR scores 7 or less, whereas all infants of mothers delivering in half-sitting position had APGAR scores higher than 7. Subjectively the mothers liked more the half-sitting position. We conclude that a women can deliver in half-sitting position without maternal or fetal risks. PMID- 6668532 TI - A device for easier collection of fetal scalp blood. AB - Since its introduction in 1961 the analysis of fetal scalp blood has become an indispensable tool in modern intrapartum obstetric management. However, the procedure to obtain a fetal blood sample remains rather cumbersome. A new device with a light source inside - was developed which allows collection of fetal scalp blood directly into a capillary tube. The instrument can be used single handed and since no change of instrumentation during this procedure is necessary, blood collection can be performed rapidly. Moreover, the depth of the incision into the fetal scalp is predefined to give maximal safety to the procedure. PMID- 6668534 TI - Anticonformity aspects of depression in mild depressive states. AB - Controversial issues regarding the relation of conformity and anticonformity variants of dependency to depression and self-esteem were examined. The Willis Hollander model of social influence and an experimental paradigm which permits differentiation of dependency responses into conformity and anticonformity subcategories were used. Ninety female college students who had been given the Beck Depression Inventory and a measure of self-esteem engaged in a perceptual judgment task, with two degrees of social influence. Depression and self-esteem were unrelated to independence and conformity. The main finding in the step-wise regression analyses was that depression was significantly related (p less than .001) to the anticonformity variant of dependency. The assumption that depression is related to dependency was supported, but the conventional position that such dependency consists of the conforming variant, involving compliance and approval- and guidance-seeking, was not supported, at least within the range of depression sampled. PMID- 6668533 TI - The adjective generation technique: consistency of self-description in psychiatric patients. AB - There has been considerable controversy about whether human behavior is consistent across situations and time. Using the adjective generation technique (AGT), Allen and Potkay (1973, 1977a) found that subjects' self-favorability was quite variable and concluded that this did not support Bem and Allen's (1974) position that the consistency would be greater if idiographic assessment techniques were utilized. Bem (1977) criticized this conclusion, making the points that the AGT is not idiographic and that the favorability value of each day should be considered as a single item in a larger test rather than be considered independently. The present study was designed to address both the consistency of behavior across time and also the controversy regarding the AGT. Eleven psychiatric inpatients completed the AGT for 30 consecutive days. The results indicated that while AGT values are highly variable on a day-to-day basis, these values are quite consistent when averaged across even short periods of time. These results are very similar to those reported by Epstein (1979). PMID- 6668535 TI - Sex typing and the perception of body outlines. AB - Does sex typing influence one's direct perception of gender from physical body cues? To answer this question, a study was conducted in which 47 female and 39 male subjects, after filling out the Bem Sex Role Inventory, viewed 24 body outlines varying in waist and shoulder width. Subjects were asked to indicate whether each body was female or male, or whether they were uncertain about its gender. Subjects also selected what they judged to be the most attractive and most typical female and male bodies from among the 24 body outlines. Finally, the actual shoulder, waist, and hip widths of 66 subjects were measured as a normative comparison to subjects' judgments of "typical" and "attractive" body proportions. Analyses indicated that sex-typed subjects used the "uncertain" rating less than did non-sex-typed subjects, and that males used that rating less than females did. Thus, sex-typed subjects and males showed a stronger tendency to classify stimuli by gender. Sex-typed subjects also tended to nominate more physically divergent male and female bodies as attractive than did non-sex-typed subjects; however, there were no effects of assessed masculinity or femininity on nominations of typical male and female bodies. In addition, the data provide evidence that subjects judged there to be greater physical differences between the sexes than actually exist. The results are discussed in terms of recent research on gender schemas and prototypes in person perception. PMID- 6668536 TI - [Kinetic immunoassay of apolipoprotein B: comparison with other methods]. PMID- 6668538 TI - Application of orthogonal functions to spectrophotometric analysis: a stability indicating method for determination of acetaminophen. PMID- 6668537 TI - [Macromolecular biomaterials: general considerations, use of microcapsules in extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6668539 TI - [Botanical, phytochemical and pharmacologic studies of thyme]. PMID- 6668540 TI - [Our dietary errors]. PMID- 6668541 TI - Bioavailability of indomethacin calcium and magnesium, and effect of the salts on drug metabolizing enzyme activities in rats. AB - To clarify the mechanism of enhanced absorption of indomethacin (IND) when dosed with magnesium silicate, reported previously, magnesium (IND-Mg) and calcium (IND Ca) salts of IND were prepared, and the bioavailability in rat and physical properties of these salts were studied in comparison with IND. The mean plasma levels after a single oral dosing of IND-Ca and IND-Mg were significantly higher than those after IND (6 mg/kg). The absolute bioavailability calculated was 63.7% for IND, 83.2% for IND-Mg and 96.8% for IND-Ca. The area (AUC) under the plasma concentration curve after multiple oral dosing of IND-Ca and IND-Mg was also significantly larger than that after IND multiple dosing (p less than 0.001). Thus, the increased absorption of the salts made it possible to decrease their dosage. The mean plasma levels and the AUC after multiple dosing of the salts in the decreased doses (4.16 mg/kg for IND-Ca and 4.74 mg/kg for IND-Mg) were significantly high as compared with those in IND dose (6 mg/kg) group (p less than 0.05). In IND-salt multiple dose groups, the drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were only slightly decreased as compared with the control, while activities in IND dose group were substantially decreased. There was no significant change in the plasma protein binding between the IND- and the salt treated rats. The partition coefficient (n-octanol-water) for IND-Ca and IND-Mg was higher than that of IND. The rank order of solubility in 2% taurocholate solution was IND-Mg greater than IND greater than IND-Ca, and the solubility of IND-Mg was 3 times higher than that of IND-Ca. Therefore, the mechanism of increased absorption of these salts was probably ascribed to the enhanced lipid solubility and increased solubility in bile and intestine juice. PMID- 6668542 TI - Influence of phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene on the metabolism of aminopyrine in isolated hepatocyte system. AB - The effect of phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) on the metabolic behavior of aminopyrine (AM) was studied using an isolated hepatocyte system prepared from male Wistar rats. The formation of 4-formylaminoantipyrine (FAA) was increased after pretreatment with PB, but not 3-MC. However, the total amounts of AM and its main metabolites recovered from hepatocyte system after the incubation for 30 min were considerably reduced both by PB and 3-MC-pretreatment. Furthermore, when using 4-monomethylaminoantipyrine (MAA), the first metabolite of AM, as a substrate, 3-MC-pretreatment resulted in a more significant decrease in the total amounts of MAA and its further metabolites recovered than did PB. Present observation suggests the participation of cytochrome P-448 as well as cytochrome P-450 in the metabolism of AM. PMID- 6668543 TI - Effect of chlorpromazine on intestinal absorption of sulfamethoxazole in rats. AB - The effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the intestinal absorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) was studied in isolated perfused rat small intestine by comparing two determinants, i.e. the epithelial permeability and the intestinal blood flow. The appearance rate of SMZ in blood in the presence of CPZ decreased to one-half of the control without CPZ. The pH of perfusion solution was significantly decreased by CPZ after 10 min perfusion. According to the Winne's absorption model, CPZ did not change the apparent epithelial permeability of SMZ, but decreased the epithelial permeability of unionized SMZ due to the decrease in the pH of perfusion solution by CPZ. It was also suggested that CPZ decreased the fraction of the total blood flow rate in the subepithelial capillaries to less than one-half. PMID- 6668544 TI - Limb deformity induced in chick embryo by hydroxyurea. AB - After a dose of 800 micrograms of hydroxyurea (HU) was administered to day-4 chick embryos in ovo, the limb deformity including micromelia was observed. We examined the teratogenic mechanism of the action for HU by using histochemical and biochemical techniques. The present study provides histological evidence for the cell death and the depression of cell proliferation just after the treatment with HU and the retardation in periosteal ossification during the process of repair and/or recovery from cell death. On the other hand, the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulfate into glycosaminoglycan was inhibited at day-7 and day-9, when the embryos are in the process of repair and/or recovery. The cartilage specific proteoglycan, an index of chondrogenesis, appeared at day-7, but the ratio of cartilagenous proteoglycan/noncartilagenous proteoglycan in the treated limbs was depressed. These results suggest that the slight retardation in chondrogenesis and/or the incomplete function of chondrocyte were induced by the treatment with HU in chick embryos. It is considered from above observation that the retardation in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis caused during the repair and/or recovery process of cell death brought about the limb deformity; shortening, thinning and bending of hind limbs. PMID- 6668545 TI - Studies on the hypotensive effects of platelet activating factor (PAF, 1-O-alkyl 2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine) in rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs. AB - Platelet activating factor (PAF) showed profound and long-lasting hypotensive effects in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and dogs. Sensitivity to PAF was different among the animal species. The magnitude and duration of the hypotensive effect was dose-dependent. Pharmacological studies suggested that the hypotensive action was unlikely to be caused by the actions on the central or autonomic nervous systems but seemed to be mainly due to some direct action(s) on the peripheral blood vessels. PMID- 6668546 TI - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of trimazosin and its major metabolite. AB - The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of intravenous trimazosin, a postsynaptic alpha 1 antagonist, were analyzed empirically by integrated modelling techniques. The mean terminal elimination half-life for trimazosin was 186 +/- 80 min and the mean elimination half-life of its alkyl hydroxylated metabolite (CP 23445) was 93 +/- 29 min. The placebo-corrected fall in systolic blood pressure after 5 min standing was most appropriately characterized in all subjects by a model that incorporated "effect" compartments for both parent drug and its metabolite. PMID- 6668547 TI - Steady-state moxalactam pharmacokinetics in patients: noncompartmental versus two compartmental analysis. AB - Moxalactam pharmacokinetics at steady state was examined in a group of 40 patients with presumed or proven abdominal sepsis. Mean steady-state serum concentrations ranged from 27.0 to 211.0 mcg/ml and correlated inversely with creatinine clearance (r = 0.91, p less than 0.0001). Terminal half-life ranged from 1.27 to 8.27 hr and reflected the varying renal function of the patients. Moxalactam total body clearance (CL) displayed excellent correlation with creatinine clearance as 92% (r2 x 100) of the variance in clearance could be accounted for by renal function (p less than 0.0001). Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental analysis based on statistical moment theory. Noncompartmentally determined CL was in agreement with CL determined by nonlinear least squares regression (r = 0.99, p less than 0.0001). Moxalactam total body clearance is best predicted from creatinine clearance corrected for body surface area. PMID- 6668548 TI - Application of effect-compartment model to bumetanide-indomethacin interaction in dogs. AB - Analyses of bumetanide's dose-response relationship have been complicated by the hysteresis observed between the drug's urinary excretion rate and its sodium excretion. This apparent time lag reflects the disequilibrium between the urine concentration and effect compartment (biophase) which occurs during the early distribution phase. In the present article, an expanded pharmacodynamic model has been introduced in which the hypothetical effect compartment is linked, by a first-order process (Kue), to the urine compartment. Drug dissipation from the effect compartment occurs by means of the first-order rate constant, Keo. This representation accommodates bumetanide's luminal site of action in the kidney tubule as well as the drug's temporal component. Application of this model to the bumetanide-indomethacin interaction in dogs is examined. PMID- 6668550 TI - An incremental method for the study of the absorption of drugs whose kinetics are described by a two-compartment model: estimation of the microscopic rate constants. AB - A method is proposed for estimating the overall absorption kinetics of drugs (expressed as percent of total amount absorbed versus time) from plasma data. It is applicable to the study of drugs whose kinetics can be described by linear one or two-compartment models. Use is made of an iterative process based on the differential equations of the model and on linear interpolation of plasma data. The method does not require that the overall absorption kinetics should be apparent first-order and/or that the model parameters should be estimated from a previous experiment. It was tested for the influence of data scatter: added noise (CV = 10%) resulted in a variability of percent absorbed versus time of the same order of magnitude. During the calculations, the microscopic rate constants are estimated and optimalized. Data scatter resulted in wide variations in the estimates of the two-compartment model parameters. However, when a sufficiently large number of plasma concentration-time curves were studied, an average model could be determined with a reasonable precision. Model kinetics calculated from the related parameter estimates were in agreement with the theory. The method permits the exploitation of the various plasma concentration-time curves which are available after the development of an orally administered drug. PMID- 6668549 TI - A time-dependent volume of distribution term used to describe linear concentration-time profiles. AB - The present study was conducted to develop, test, and apply a single exponential time-dependent volume of distribution function to describe the pharmacokinetics of compounds following instantaneous, zero-order and first order input. Simulations were used to show the applicability and flexibility of the equations. Experimental data from the literature were fitted using the equations developed in the present study. In addition, the results of these fitted curves were compared to the results of the original fitting procedures to compare and contrast the methods. In the present analysis, the change from an initial volume (V1) to the total volume (V T) is perceived as a simple exponential function. Therefore, a single exponential term to describe elimination and a single exponential term to describe the change from V1 to V T were used to describe the entire blood concentration profile. The results from present simulations and fitted data indicate that the transition from V1 to V T is a more continuous process than observed with classical methods and is consistent with results obtained from physiologic flow-limited models. This observation suggests that the present curve-fitting technique may be more akin to physiologic reality, in that it depicts the change from the initial volume of distribution to the total volume of distribution as a continuous exponential function which reflects the establishment of an equilibrium. PMID- 6668551 TI - Absorption kinetics and model characteristics of orally administered pirprofen. AB - Pirprofen kinetics can be described by a linear two-compartment model. Absorption kinetics and model parameters were determined by the incremental method from 48 pirprofen plasma concentration-time profiles obtained after administration of single oral pirprofen doses. Statistical comparison of the results gave information on the influence of formulation, dose, and food on pirprofen absorption. The rate of absorption decreased significantly when pirprofen was administered as a capsule in comparison with a solution. The dose (200 mg compared with 100 mg) had no marked influence on the absorption rate. Food delayed absorption. Pirprofen model parameters, estimated as the median values of the results obtained from the 48 sets of data, permitted the plasma kinetics of the drug after single and repeated doses to be predicted. PMID- 6668552 TI - Sampling strategies for noncompartmental estimation of mean residence time. AB - An optimization procedure is presented for selecting sample times for estimating mean residence time using noncompartmental data analysis. Performance of this experimental design strategy is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations of a model for digoxin kinetics. The contribution of measurement error to the overall expected error in MRT estimates is examined and its importance emphasized. Also, the sensitivity of the proposed experimental design strategy to required assumptions is investigated using the digoxin model, and the importance of accurate estimates of extrapolated areas is noted. PMID- 6668553 TI - An understanding of the role of enzyme localization of the liver on metabolite kinetics: a computer simulation. AB - The metabolic sequence of drug, D, to its primary (MI) and terminal (MII) metabolites as mediated by enzymes A and B, respectively, was chosen to illustrate metabolizing activities among hepatocytes in different regions of the liver lobule. Six models of distributions of the hepatocellular activities (intrinsic clearances for A and B) were defined with respect to the flow path in liver, and the concentrations D, MI, and MII in the liver were simulated. The extent of sequential metabolism of the primary metabolite was compared for these six models of enzymic distributions. It was found that when the average hepatic intrinsic clearances of A and B were high (almost complete extraction of both drug and primary metabolite during their single passage through the liver), the distributions of A and B were not important determinants of metabolite kinetics. By contrast, when the average hepatic intrinsic clearances of A and B were both low, the distributions of A and B exerted profound effects on metabolite kinetics. The sensitivity to enzymic distribution in this region, however, was difficult to assess due to difficulties in detecting low levels of MI and MII. The effects of enzymic distributions on metabolite disposition would be better detected in compounds (drug and metabolite) with intermediate extraction ratios. PMID- 6668554 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in man--III: Plasma protein binding. AB - Plasma protein binding of ibuprofen was measured by equilibrium dialysis on 406 plasma samples collected from 15 normal volunteers following doses of 400, 800, and 1200 mg of ibuprofen as tablets (N = 102, 100, 104, respectively) and 420 mg as an aqueous solution (N = 100). Individual subject bound concentration at dialysis equilibrium (Cbd) vs. free concentration at dialysis equilibrium (Cfd) were well fitted via computer to the Scatchard equation with one class of binding sites. The binding capacity averaged 1231 microM (range 848-1658 microM), and the association constant averaged 1.76 X 10(5) M-1 (range 1.15 X 10(5) to 2.73 X 10(5) M-1). Distributional analysis was performed on the free fraction (fd) and bound/free ratios (Cbd/Cfd = 1/fd-1) at dialysis equilibrium for each treatment. Using pooled data of all four treatments, distributional analysis was also performed on the free fractions (f) and bound/free ratios (Cb/Cf = 1/f-1) corresponding to the plasma drug concentrations in blood as it was withdrawn from the subjects. The bound/free ratios were normally distributed, whereas the distributions of the free fractions were skewed towards higher values. PMID- 6668555 TI - Influence of volume shifts on drug binding during equilibrium dialysis: correction and attenuation. AB - A time-dependent volume shift from buffer to plasma, which occurs during equilibrium dialysis, decreased the protein binding of disopyramide and its capacity constant, and had no effect on the binding association constant. The volume-dependent decrease in disopyramidine binding may be corrected for by use of a derived equation. Inclusion of dextran, 2.5% (w/v), and use of a thick, low molecular weight cutoff membrane was the most effective technique in attenuating the volume shift. The plasma (serum) protein binding of the basic drugs lidocaine, disopyramide, propranolol, and diazepam was decreased when protein was diluted to 88% or less of its undiluted concentration as a consequence of the volume shift. The protein binding of clofibrate, a highly bound acid drug, was more sensitive to volume shifts than the four basic drugs. Correction of drug binding for volume shifts was reasonably successful for most drugs. The highest binding measured for all drugs was associated with the lowest volume shift. PMID- 6668556 TI - Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate in rabbits after intravenous administration. AB - The pharmacokinetics of methotrexate (MTX) and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate (7-OH-MTX), a major metabolite, were investigated in rabbits after intravenous bolus injection and infusion using a specific HPLC assay. The arterial sampling (from the carotid artery) was used in all the studies since peculiar and significant arterial-venous differences in the plasma concentration of MTX and 7-OH-MTX were found following bolus administration of the drug. The disposition kinetics of MTX appeared polyexponential with a small terminal phase having a half-life of 10.2 27.5 hr. Extensive formation of 7-OH-MTX occurred at the two dose levels (15 and 50 mg/kg). Nonlinear disposition of MTX was reflected in several aspects of data analysis. A disproportionate increase in the AUC with dose was observed. An increase in dose not only reduced the mean total body clearance (7.49 vs. 4.26 ml/min/kg) and renal clearance (4.89 vs. 2.76 ml/min/kg), but also prolonged the mean residence time (26.2 vs. 43.3 min). The steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) of MTX was estimated to range from 0.16 to 0.25 L/kg. More than 90% of the dose was excreted as MTX and 7-OH-MTX within 8 hr after dosing. Renal clearances decreased with the increasing plasma levels, suggesting active tubular secretion as one of the excretion mechanisms. A similar pattern for renal clearance of 7-OH MTX was obtained. Infusion studies of 7-OH-MTX revealed that this metabolite had a longer residence time and a larger Vss as compared with MTX, which were in accordance with its physicochemical properties. Essentially complete doses of 7 OH-MTX could be recovered in the rabbit urine. PMID- 6668557 TI - Clearance studies of methotrexate and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate in rabbits after multiple-dose infusion. AB - The concentration-dependent clearance of methotrexate (MTX) and its metabolite, 7 hydroxy-methotrexate (7-OH-MTX), was demonstrated in 5 rabbits using 7 infusion rates (10.5-323 mg/hr). Mean total body clearance (from 34.3 to 13.1 ml/min) and mean renal clearance (from 25.6 to 7.6 ml/min) of MTX were found to decrease with increasing steady-state plasma concentrations (from 5.1 to 412 micrograms/ml), whereas nonrenal clearances remained relatively constant. An essentially steady state plasma level of 7-OH-MTX was achieved during each MTX infusion, and its renal clearance also decreased (from 37.3 to 6.5 ml/min) with increasing metabolite levels (from 1.8 to 293 micrograms/ml). Saturable renal tubular secretion appeared operative for both drug and metabolite since their renal clearance (based on the free drug) to inulin clearance ratios were much greater than unity and the ratios were markedly reduced in 2 rabbits after probenecid treatment. Plasma protein binding of MTX (56%) and 7-OH-MTX (49%) were independent of concentrations between 0.1 and 300 micrograms/ml. Negligible MTX metabolism was found in rabbit kidney homogenates, thus validating renal clearance measurement in the present study. PMID- 6668558 TI - Nonlinear assessment of nitrofurantoin bioavailability in rabbits. AB - The influence of route of administration on the absolute bioavailability and GI tract absorption of nitrofurantoin was investigated in rabbits. The disposition of nitrofurantoin was described by a one-compartment model with simultaneous first-order and Michaelis-Menten type elimination kinetics, and bioavailability was estimated by nonlinear assessment. The plasma levels following oral administration were significantly lower than those after intravenous administration, and absolute F values for oral administration were approximately 0.3. However, F values following intraduodenal administration and portal vein infusion were nearly unity, and it was concluded that the reduction of bioavailability following oral administration could not be attributed to metabolism by intestinal microflora or to the hepatic first-pass effect. Thus, reduction of F values following oral administration is probably due to gastric degradation of the drug. The effects of factors influencing bioavailability, such as water volume taken with the drug, change of gastric emptying rate and effect of particle size, were also investigated. Increase of volume of water administered tended to improve the bioavailability, and a particle size dependency was also observed. PMID- 6668560 TI - Methodological aspects of life events research. AB - This paper reviews the methodology of studies of recent life events and illness, as relevant to psychosomatic studies. Three critical issues are discussed: the method of data collection; elimination of events which are consequences of illness; quantification of stress. It is concluded that the most important aspect is collection of data by careful interview technique covering defined events and time periods. Self-report event questionnaires, although heuristically valuable in the past, must now be regarded as inadequate. Exclusion of events which may be consequences of illness is also important in psychosomatic studies. Different methods of quantification produce refinements but are less crucial and alternative approaches may give similar results. PMID- 6668559 TI - Adaptive control of theophylline therapy: importance of blood sampling times. AB - A two-observation protocol for estimating theophylline clearance during a constant-rate intravenous infusion is used to examine the importance of blood sampling schedules with regard to the information content of resulting concentration data. Guided by a theory for calculating maximally informative sample times, population simulations are used to assess the effect of specific sampling times on the precision of resulting clearance estimates and subsequent predictions of theophylline plasma concentrations. The simulations incorporated noise terms for intersubject variability, dosing errors, sample collection errors, and assay error. Clearance was estimated using Chiou's method, least squares, and a Bayesian estimation procedure. The results of these simulations suggest that clinically significant estimation and prediction errors may result when using the above two-point protocol for estimating theophylline clearance if the time separating the two blood samples is less than one population mean elimination half-life. PMID- 6668561 TI - The nature and assessment of general well-being. AB - Data on self-reported symptoms of ill-health were collected from 1500 respondents, and factor analysed. The results of this analysis suggested a two factor orthogonal model of well-being: one factor reflecting fatigue, emotional fragility and confusion (worn-out) and the other tension, anxiety and agitation (up-tight). The reliability and validity of the model were tested and appeared acceptable, and scales were constructed for the assessment of the two factors. It is suggested that the model and the associated scales could offer new information in studies of occupational stress and health. PMID- 6668562 TI - Stress, helplessness and control: the implications of laboratory studies. AB - Limitations on the concept of stress, including unwarranted inferences about the non-specificity of responses, are illustrated through examination of the effects of behavioural control over aversive stimulation. Laboratory and clinical research indicates that control is beneficial, attenuating the magnitude of subjective, autonomic and neuroendocrine reactions. However, there are circumstances in which control is harmful, and is associated with heightened reactivity. This is particularly apparent in the cardiovascular system, and when attempts at control involve active, effortful coping behaviours. These distinctions are relevant to current theories concerning psychosocial influences on the aetiology of essential hypertension. They highlight the dangers of glib generalisations about the impact of demanding environmental conditions. PMID- 6668563 TI - Identifying stressors at work: recent research developments. AB - This paper reviews recent research carried out into a variety of work stressors. It provides a model of occupational stress and explores some of the recent research work on shift work, job overload, role conflicts, career development, relationships at work and dual career stress. PMID- 6668564 TI - Stress, social and cultural variations in heart disease. AB - The social and cultural environment may act as a precipitant of disease, as with stressful life events; or it may influence predisposition e.g. by the level of social support. There has not been a concerted research programme to determine to what extent social and cultural variations in coronary heart disease (CHD) may be explained by similar variations in 'stress' or predisposition to it. Japanese culture is characterised by a high degree of social support. There is evidence that this may contribute to the low rate of heart disease in Japan, and among Japanese-Americans who retain their traditional culture. Preliminary findings indicate that the higher rate of heart disease in lower income groups in Britain may be associated with less social support, as well as a greater concentration of other coronary risk factors such as smoking and overweight. The link between Type A behaviour and CHD has been replicated in women as well as men, and in Europe and the U.S.A. But the distribution in the population of Type-A behaviour does not follow the distribution of CHD. PMID- 6668565 TI - Psychological management of anxiety and pain during dental treatment. AB - Sensation information, perceived control and distraction were compared with routine dentistry in a study of the effect of psychological context on pain and anxiety during dental treatment. The results indicated that the provision of sensation information was the most effective treatment. PMID- 6668566 TI - Pain measurement and experience. AB - Issues and developments in clinical pain assessment will be considered. The focus will be on measuring pain, rather than degree of relief. Three main response channels may be distinguished: subjective, behavioral and physiological, although the latter will not be elaborated upon here. The measurement of subjective report of pain, although an anathema to behaviorists, continues to be one of the most widely used measures. Recent developments in assessing verbal report, of the form of questionnaires and ratings derived from psychophysical scaling methods, will be reviewed. Although behavioral indices at first sight lend themselves to well established methods of measurement, issues in establishing rather than assuming the reliability and validity of such measures will be considered. Parallel monitoring across response channels, as well as attending to questions concerning the psychometric adequacy of measures employed, will both further our understanding of pain mechanisms and provide sound indications as to treatment efficacy. PMID- 6668567 TI - Social cognitions, personality and chronic pain. AB - The assumptions of cognitive social psychology provide a suitable analysis for the understanding of how chronic pain suffers interpret information and make decisions about attendance for treatment. This approach pays particular attention to the social context in which the pain behaviour occurs. Studies of socio cognitive aspects of pain are reviewed and the implications for future research are outlined. PMID- 6668568 TI - Financial awareness for veterinary practitioners. AB - Simple methods are explained which enable private practitioners to organise and understand month-end financial information and consequently to react thereto. PMID- 6668569 TI - Horse lymphocyte cell synchronization: improved technique for chromosome analysis. AB - A method using methotrexate for horse lymphocyte cell synchronization and thymidine for incorporation into DNA replication is described. This method provides a powerful technique for the study of chromosomal abnormalities and detailed analysis of chromosomal replication patterns. The determination of horse karyotypes with many similar chromosomes needs a special method which reveals the numerous and informative stages of the cell cycle. Horse lymphocyte cell cultures treated with colcemid (20 min) and harvested 6 hours after the release of the 17 hour-block with methotrexate show the best results for exact identification and analysis of horse chromosomes. PMID- 6668570 TI - Functional endocrine modification of the thyroid following ovariectomy in the canine. AB - The study involves bilateral ovariectomy in bitches followed by the monitoring of oestradiol, thyroxine and total triiodothyronine levels in order to study control mechanism alterations. Levels of oestradiol dropped significantly following surgery to reach basal concentrations after 2 weeks. Serum total thyroxine, free thyroxine and total triiodothyronine decreased following ovariectomy to stabilize in a steady state within 3 weeks of surgery. Levels of thyroid-binding globulin initially increased as a result of oestrogen ablation, thereafter levels decreased steadily. Modification of the hypothalamo-thyroxine-releasing hormone receptor site and changes in androgens and thyroid-binding globulins are discussed as possible causes for the changes in circulating thyroid hormone concentrations. PMID- 6668571 TI - Instrumentation and technique of removal of permanent teeth in the dog. AB - A practical method was developed to remove the different permanent teeth of the dog as atraumatically as possible and with a minimal risk of complications. Emphasis is placed on the importance of completely loosening the root from its periodontal attachment and subsequently lifting the tooth out by means of a root elevator, instead of forceful extraction with an extraction forceps. Specific considerations for each tooth are given. PMID- 6668572 TI - Oxytetracycline plasma concentrations in sheep after the administration of a polyvinylpyrrolidone formulation. AB - A polyvinylpyrrolidone formulation of oxytetracycline was injected intramuscularly into 5 sheep at 2 different dosages of 10 mg and 20 mg/kg body mass respectively. Plasma levels were determined. The higher dosage not only attained a higher peak value, but the concentration at 12 hours was 0.5 micrograms/ml. At the lower dosage rate a level of 0,63 micrograms/ml was recorded 32 hours after administration when that of the higher dosage rate was 1,5 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6668573 TI - The effect of lincomycin-neomycin treatment on experimental anaerobic bacterial bovine mastitis. AB - Three healthy lactating quarters of a Friesland cow were each experimentally infected with a pure culture of a strain of either Bacteroides fragilis, Eubacterium lentum or a Peptostreptococcus sp. respectively. The onset and progression to clinical mastitis was monitored 12 hourly by examination for clinical signs of inflammation, bacterial culture, somatic cell counts and with a strip cup. All infected quarters developed clinical mastitis within 24 hours. The 2 quarters infected with B. fragilis and E. lentum respectively were treated 4 times consecutively at 12 hour intervals, commencing at 24 h by intramammary instillation of 10 ml of a mixture containing 200 mg lincomycin hydrochloride, 200 mg neomycin sulphate and 5 mg methylprednisolone (Lincocin Forte, Upjohn). Both quarters became clinically normal and no bacteria could be detected in the secretions 12 hours after the first treatment. At 36 hours the strip cup became negative, and the somatic cell count dropped to less than 500 X 10(3) at 72 hours after the initial treatment. The quarter infected with a Peptostreptococcus sp. was unable to overcome the infection by natural means when intramammary treatment was delayed for the first 36 hours after the onset of clinical mastitis. Subsequent treatment of this quarter gave results similar to those treated earlier. PMID- 6668574 TI - Fitting the vet for today's vital tasks. PMID- 6668575 TI - Bovine parafilariasis at the Cato Ridge abattoir: Sex prevalence and districts of origin. AB - Records indicate that Parafilaria bovicola-infested cattle slaughtered at the Cato Ridge abattoir originate from certain areas not previously recorded. Furthermore, moderate to severe infestations are diagnosed significantly more frequently in the entire male bovine than in female animals or oxen (castrated males). The data under review cover the period March 1981-August 1982, a period of 18 months. PMID- 6668577 TI - Oral antacid treatment in clinical rumen acidosis. AB - pH changes were measured in vitro in rumenfluid obtained from a natural case of rumen acidosis after the addition of 8 different antacids. Results showed magnesium oxide to be very potent with the potential danger of causing severe rumen alkalosis. Calcium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate gave satisfactory results while the alkalinising ability of magnesium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, calcium carbonate, aluminium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate seemed both slow and ineffective. PMID- 6668576 TI - Attempted prevention and treatment of Geigeria filifolia Mattf. poisoning (vermeersiekte) in sheep. AB - A pilot trial with 2 sheep per group demonstrated that no protection is provided by cysteine, sulphur or sodium thiosulphate, when administered simultaneously with daily doses of Geigeria filifolia plant material. Treatment with piracetam of 4 sheep showing symptoms of vermeersiekte did not improve their recovery rate. Serum enzyme activity tests for creatine phosphokinase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase were of no diagnostic use. PMID- 6668578 TI - [Practical electrocardiography. 3. Hyperkalemia in the dog and cat]. AB - The causes, electrocardiographic diagnosis and treatment of hyperkalaemia the dog and cat are briefly discussed. PMID- 6668579 TI - [Superficial corneal edema]. AB - A 4-year-old Miniature Pinscher was presented with bilateral cataracts which were surgically successfully removed. Severe bilateral superficial corneal oedema developed within 6 days. A bilateral superficial keratectomy and membrana nictitans flaps cured the disease. It was found that after the lentectomy the owner had used a hypertonic salt solution as an eyewash. PMID- 6668581 TI - Ocular melanoma in a dog. PMID- 6668580 TI - The use of equine anti-endotoxin hyperimmune serum in the treatment of septic arthritis in foals. AB - Three thoroughbred foals were treated with anti-endotoxin hyperimmune serum. The serum was injected into the affected joint spaces. Two of the foals made a complete recovery. PMID- 6668582 TI - In vitro fertilisation. PMID- 6668583 TI - Can compassion be taught? AB - Socrates (in the Meno) denied that virtues like courage could be taught, whereas Protagoras defended this claim. Compassion is discussed below in this context; it is distinguished from related, but different, moral qualities, and the role of imagination is emphasised. 'Sympathy's and role-modelling views of compassion's acquisition are criticised. Compassion can indeed be taught, but neither by the example of a few, isolated physicians nor by creation of Departments of Compassion. In replying to one standard objection to teaching compassion, it is emphasised that scientific competence and compassion aren't mutually exclusive. PMID- 6668584 TI - In vitro fertilisation: the major issues. AB - In vitro fertilisation is now an established technique for treating some forms of infertility, yet it remains ethically controversial. New developments, such as embryo donation and embryo freezing, have led to further discussion. We briefly discuss the ethical aspects of IVF, focusing on the issues of resource allocation, the 'unnaturalness' of the procedure, the moral status of the embryo, surrogate motherhood, and restrictions on access to IVF. We argue that, on the whole, IVF is an ethically justifiable method of assisting infertile couples. PMID- 6668585 TI - Nuclear weapons and medicine: some ethical dilemmas. AB - The enormous destructive power of present stocks of nuclear weapons poses the greatest threat to public health in human history. Technical changes in weapons design are leading to an increased emphasis on the ability to fight a nuclear war, eroding the concept of deterrence based on mutually assured destruction and increasing the risk of nuclear war. Medical planning and civil defence preparations for nuclear war have recently been increased in several countries although there is little evidence that they will be of significant value in the aftermath of a nuclear conflict. These developments have raised new ethical dilemmas for those in health professions. If there is any risk of use of weapons of mass destruction, then support for deterrence with these weapons as a policy for national or global security appears to be incompatible with basic principles of medical ethics and international law. The primary medical responsibility under such circumstances is to participate in attempts to prevent nuclear war. PMID- 6668586 TI - Must doctors save their patients? AB - Do doctors and other medical staff have an obligation to treat those who need their help? This paper assumes no legal or contractual obligations but attempts to discover whether there is any general moral obligation to treat those in need. In particular the questions of whether or not the obligation that falls on medical staff is different from that of others and of whether doctors are more blameworthy than others if they fail to treat patients are examined. Finally we look at the question of the burden of this obligation and at the responsibility of society to mitigate its hardships. PMID- 6668587 TI - Making up her mind: consent, pregnancy and mental handicap. PMID- 6668588 TI - The use of carbon fibre in human implants: the state of the art. PMID- 6668589 TI - Clinical gait assessment: a personal view. AB - Some problems of the establishment and management of a clinical gait assessment laboratory are explored. It is suggested that the term 'gait analysis' should be restricted to data gathering and that the term 'gait assessment' be used for the integration of this information with that from other sources for the purpose of clinical decision-making. Particular problems derive from the fact that gait analysis measures the effects of combined causes and compensatory activities of the body. The identification of causes requires, therefore, an initial theory which has to be tested by some interference with the system and this repeated as this proves necessary. This may be facilitated by a computer-aided decision program. The overall implications are that the whole body needs to be studied by a wide range of devices in a situation where the contribution of the clinician in regard to time more nearly matches that of the bioengineer than is customary. PMID- 6668590 TI - A system for monitoring the position and time of feet contact during walking. AB - An analogue time/distance measurement for use in walking studies and based on foot contact is presented. The system utilizes a d.c.current source, feeding resistance wires bonded longitudinally to a walkway, and shorted by conducting strips on the shoe. An example of an application of the system is included: a comparison of the walking performance of an amputee with two different knee systems. PMID- 6668592 TI - Electrocardiograph evaluation. PMID- 6668591 TI - A suction electrode net for precordial ECG mapping. AB - Precordial ECG mapping has been the subject of much study, yet a multi-electrode system that can easily and repeatedly be applied to a patient in bed, remains undescribed. A matrix of ECG electrodes has been developed, which uses a vacuum pump to suck onto the patient's chest. This will facilitate repeated bedside examination of certain types of patient. PMID- 6668593 TI - Microprocessors in hospital practice. PMID- 6668594 TI - Microprocessors in medicine. PMID- 6668595 TI - An introduction to microprocessors and their application. PMID- 6668597 TI - Microprocessors in anaesthesia and intensive care. PMID- 6668596 TI - Microprocessors in obstetrics and special care baby units. PMID- 6668598 TI - Microprocessors in audiology and neurophysiology. PMID- 6668599 TI - Implications of microprocessors to equipment management. PMID- 6668600 TI - Microprocessors in pathology. PMID- 6668601 TI - Opposite effects of different plasma lipoprotein fractions on granulocyte function. AB - Different plasma lipoprotein fractions in physiological concentrations have opposite effects on the phagocytosis and migration of human neutrophilic granulocytes. Preincubation for half an hour with very low density lipoproteins decreased the phagocytosis as well as the chemotactic and random migrations of the cells, while preincubation with high density lipoproteins increased the same functions. No effects were seen with low density lipoproteins. It is suggested that disturbances in plasma lipoprotein pattern may affect the function of phagocytes. PMID- 6668603 TI - The effects of scheduling format and booster sessions on a broad-spectrum psychosocial approach to smoking prevention. AB - The effectiveness of a fifteen session psychosocial smoking prevention strategy was tested on 902 seventh graders from seven junior high schools in suburban New York over 2 years. The prevention program was implemented by regular classroom teachers and consisted of a cognitive component dealing with the immediate consequences of cigarette smoking, a decision-making component, a relaxation training component, a social skills training component, and a self-improvement component. In addition to testing the overall effectiveness of this approach, the relative efficacy of two different scheduling formats was compared and the extent to which "booster" sessions conducted during the year after completion of the program helped to maintain reductions in new smoking was also examined. Results indicated that the prevention program was able to reduce new cigarette smoking by 50% at the end of the first year and by 55% at the end of the second year for the intensive format condition. New regular cigarette smoking was reduced by 87% in the second year for the students in the booster condition. Significant changes consistent with nonsmoking were also evident on several cognitive, attitudinal, and personality variables. PMID- 6668602 TI - Multidimensional analysis of the symptoms of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. AB - Subjective symptoms and experiences were explored within a group of 146 severe, chronic bronchitis and emphysema patients. Eighty-nine symptoms and experiences, derived from initial interviews with 29 patients, were rated according to the frequency of occurrence during breathing difficulties. Key cluster analyses were used to derive a Bronchitis-Emphysema Symptom Checklist (BESC) measuring 11 symptom categories: Helplessness-Hopelessness, Decathexis, Fatigue, Poor Memory, Peripheral-Sensory Complaints, Dyspnea, Congestion, Sleep Difficulties, Irritability, Anxiety, and Alienation. The BESC symptom categories are highly reliable and the relationships among categories are stable across two subgroups of patients. The BESC provides one way to describe how patients cope with and experience chronic bronchitis and emphysema. PMID- 6668604 TI - The effects of anxiety management training on the control of juvenile diabetes mellitus. AB - The present study was designed to determine whether diabetic control could be improved through the direct psychological management of stress and anxiety. Five poorly controlled female adolescent diabetics ranging in age from 15 to 18 years were used as subjects. All were seen on an outpatient basis over a 6-month period. A single-subject format employing a multiple-baseline design across subjects was used. The independent variable used was a technique known as anxiety management training. Baseline, attention-control, and treatment data were collected on a number of dependent measures. Subjective estimates of anxiety and tension by each subject were gathered on a biweekly basis using the Multifactorial Scale of Anxiety. Diabetic control was assessed daily using the Diastix method and weekly using the 24-hr quantitative glucose method. Data on the five subjects suggested that improved control of stress and anxiety had a positive effect on diabetic regulation. Lower and more stable urine glucose levels using both urine testing methods were found. However, no decreases in the subjects' personal assessment of tension and anxiety were evident. PMID- 6668605 TI - Does training to criterion influence improvement? A follow-up study of EMG and thermal biofeedback. AB - On follow-up 1 to 5 years after therapy, patients in six diagnostic groups who received EMG (N = 53) and/or thermal (N = 54) biofeedback and who reached criterion levels (EMG less than or equal to 1.1 microV; thermal greater than or equal to 95 degrees F) reported a higher improvement rate than those who had not achieved these criterion levels. Neither the patients nor the therapist were aware of these training criteria during therapy. Most patients received both EMG and thermal biofeedback training. Of the EMG achievers, 93% improved, compared to 65% of the nonachievers. Of the thermal achievers, 96% improved, compared to 76% of the nonachievers. These percentages significantly exceed the high base rate (81%) of long-term improvement in this study. Failure to achieve the criterion level in both modalities was associated with a lower improvement rate (73% did not improve), while achieving the criterion in only one modality was sufficient to be associated with improvement. Of the patients who did not improve, 80% had not achieved the EMG criterion, and 88% had not achieved the thermal training criterion. These results question biofeedback therapy outcome studies which slow low improvement rates without determining whether self-regulation skills had, in fact, been acquired. PMID- 6668606 TI - Emotional states and pain: intraindividual and interindividual measures of association. AB - The present study investigated the correlation between cancer pain severity and mood states, and addressed methodological issues involved in measuring the association between these groups of variables. Five monthly interviews were administered to 95 cancer pain patients; each interview contained four measures of pain severity and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). The relationships between the two sets of variables were assessed using both interindividual (cross sectional) and intraindividual (within-subject) methods of correlational analysis. Both types of analyses suggested small but significant positive correlations between the pain measures and negative mood states, and inverse correlations between pain and positive mood. The data also indicated that patients reported high levels of pain but reported little mood disturbance. In addressing methodological issues, the study clarified conceptual and computational differences between the two types of correlational analyses and indicated the appropriate applications of each method. PMID- 6668607 TI - Quantitative predictivity of the transformation in vitro assay compared with the Ames test. AB - For 59 chemical compounds, we have found homogeneous data on transformation in vitro, mutagenicity in the Ames test, and carcinogenicity. We have compared the potency in inducing transformation in vitro in hamster fibroblast cells with the carcinogenic potency and found a modest correlation coefficient between the two parameters (r = 0.37). For these same 59 compounds it was also possible to compare mutagenic potency in the Ames test with carcinogenic potency. The correlation level was very similar (r = 0.34). The predictivity of transformation in vitro increased significantly when only compounds for which some kind of dose response relationship was available were utilized (r = 0.65). This result stresses the importance of the quantitative aspect of the response in predictivity studies. The present study is compared with previous studies on the quantitative predictivity of different short-term tests. Our work is not definitive, but gives an idea of the possible type of approach to the problem of comparing quantitative predictivities. PMID- 6668608 TI - Natural history of TCDD-induced liver lesions in rats as observed by transmission electron microscopy during a 32-week period after a single intraperitoneal injection. AB - Forty-two male rats were injected with a single intraperitoneal dose of TCDD in acetone and corn oil and sacrificed after 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32 weeks, to study the long-term effects of a single injection. The liver lesions become progressively worse up to the 16th week and appear thereafter to slowly regress. PMID- 6668609 TI - Toxicity and distribution of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in male guinea pigs. AB - The toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) was studied in male Hartley guinea pigs after single or multiple oral treatment. In each animal studied, adipose tissue, liver, and skin were the major depots of TCDF and accounted for 50-74% of the total dose. The whole-body half-life of TCDF in guinea pigs was estimated to be approximately 40 d. This slow clearance of TCDF by guinea pigs may explain the high toxicity of TCDF for this species even when very low repeated doses were administered. Intervals of 1, 2, or 4 wk between doses had little effect on TCDF lethality, but did have an effect on the pattern of toxicity. Treatment of mature animals with high single doses of TCDF (10 or 15 micrograms/kg body weight) resulted in the immediate loss of weight and the eventual death of all treated animals within 2-4 wk after the loss of approximately 35% of their initial body weight. Treatment of immature animals with low multiple doses totaling cumulative doses of between 4 and 12 micrograms/kg resulted in the death of 75% of these animals, with the deaths occurring between 7 and 19 d after the initial appearance of quantitative toxic symptoms (loss of weight); however, weight loss was less dramatic following repeated low doses than after acute high doses. Concentration of TCDF in adipose tissue was generally proportional to dose of TCDF. With increasing time after dosage, there was a shift in distribution from adipose tissue to liver. PMID- 6668610 TI - Toxicological properties of O,O,S-trialkyl phosphorothioates. AB - The effect of atropine, 2-pyridine aldoxime methiodide (2-PAM), and several O,O,O trialkylphosphorothioates on poisoning of rats by a series of O,O-dimethyl and O,O-diethyl S-alkyl phosphorothioates was investigated. Atropine and 2-PAM successfully protected rats treated with O,O-diethyl S-n-propyl and S-i-propyl phosphorothioates, while the O,O,O-trialkyl phosphorothioates were effective in protecting rats treated with O,O-dimethyl S-methyl and S-ethyl phosphorothioates. O,O-Dimethyl and O,O-diethyl S-i-propyl phosphorothioates also were examined for in vitro and in vivo inhibition of rat plasma, red blood cell, and brain cholinesterase. Overall, the results indicated that two different mechanisms, cholinergic and noncholinergic, are involved in intoxication by the O,O,S trialkyl phosphorothioates. PMID- 6668611 TI - Oxychlordane, HCS-3260, and nonachlor in birds: lethal residues and loss rates. AB - Oxychlordane reached lethal levels in birds given dietary dosages of HCS-3260 (70.75% cis-chlordane and 23.51% trans-chlordane) at 6 levels from 50 to 500 ppm. Oxychlordane ranged from 9.4 to 22.1 ppm in brains of cowbirds (Molothrus ater), grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), and red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) that died on dosage and from 1.3 to 4.8 ppm in sacrificed birds, providing a clear diagnostic separation. Among starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), however, oxychlordane ranged from 5.0 to 19.1 ppm in brains of birds that died, significantly lower than in the other species, and from 1.4 to 10.5 ppm in sacrificed birds, overlapping the levels in those that died. Lethal levels, therefore, begin near 5.0 ppm, as in a previous study in which oxychlordane itself was fed, but the data from starlings emphasizes the need for confirmatory necropsy findings in diagnosis of poisoning. Nonachlor had a very low order of toxicity, killing only 1 of 12 birds dosed at 100 ppm for 35 d; 3 others died and 1 was incapacitated during a short period of food deprivation. Lethal levels of oxychlordane were present in the brains of birds that died. Oxychlordane accumulated in the bodies of birds on dietary dosage of HCS-3260 in proportion to dosage and time, but did not approach equilibrium at the levels (10, 50, and 100 ppm) that were fed. Loss rates of oxychlordane from HCS-3260, oxychlordane, or technical chlordane dosages (the last in a previous study) did not differ significantly from each other; respective half-lives were 57, 63, and 74 d. Residues of cis-chlordane in birds fed HCS-3260 were consistently lower than oxychlordane during the accumulation period and declined abruptly when dosage ceased; individual variation was high. PMID- 6668612 TI - Impaired metabolism of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in old rats--an in vitro study. AB - Liver, kidney, and lung homogenates from 45- and 630-d-old rats were incubated with 0.5 muCi of 14C-labeled di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) for 40 min at 37 degrees C. Radiochromatogram scans of the ether extracts of the incubated mixtures showed the presence of a peak corresponding to the hydrolytic product monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), in addition to the parent DEHP. Preparations from old animals revealed another radioactive zone along with MEHP. A dramatic reduction in the formation of MEHP was observed only with homogenates of livers from the old animals. It is shown that this difference is probably attributable to differences in Km values of the enzymes from adult and old rats respectively. Protein content in the three tissues did not differ between young and old animals. Formation of MEHP is a major step in the metabolic pathway of the plasticizer DEHP. Impairment of this conversion could possibly alter the rate of its excretion and hence its toxicologic significance. PMID- 6668613 TI - Effects of microsomal enzyme induction on the toxicity of pyrrolizidine (Senecio) alkaloids. AB - Effects of microsomal enzyme induction by phenobarbital (PB) injection (ip) and ingestion of Eucalyptus globulus foliage or phenothiazine (PT) on the toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) or dried plant material of Senecio longilobus (SL) and Senecio jacobaea (SJ) were evaluated in rats. The oral median lethal doses (LD50) for a PA mixture extracted from SL at 72, 144, and 168 h post PA administration were approximately greater than 320, 190, and 160 mg/kg, respectively. Induction of mixed-function oxidase (MFO) activity by PB or dietary eucalyptus leaves resulted in only a marginal effect on the acute LD50, with no effective change at 168 h. The LD50 values at 72, 144, and 168 h for PB-treated rats were approximately 320, 190, and 160 mg/kg, and for eucalyptus treated rats approximately 127, 133, and 133 mg/kg, respectively. Dietary PT did not alter the toxicity of SJ but did cause reductions in feed intake and average daily gain. Supplemental cysteine increased (p less than 0.05) survival time in SJ-consuming rats, with a concomitant increase (p less than 0.05) in SJ ingestion, and caused slight increases in average daily gain. The simultaneous addition of cysteine and PT to an SJ-containing diet resulted in an increased (p less than 0.05) survival time over SJ and SJ + PT diet groups and a slight decrease in survival time compared to the SJ + cysteine group. PMID- 6668614 TI - Biochemical, hematological, and histological changes in B6C3F1 mice after intramuscular administration of PROven. AB - Repeated intramuscular administration of PROven to B6C3F1 mice has a potential cardiotoxic effect, an immunogenic effect, and a hematological effect. A significant decrease in two lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes of myocardial origin was a result of chronic administration of PROven. The immunological effect was observed as a significant increase in beta- and gamma-globulins. The hematological effect of PROven was to increase the number of circulating neutrophils. Both the immunogenic and hematological effect should be anticipated due to the foreign protein nature of PROven. Following intramuscular injections of PROven, severe inflammatory changes including necrosis of skeletal muscle tissue were seen histologically. PMID- 6668615 TI - Failure of methapyrilene to induce tumors in hamsters or guinea pigs. AB - In a small-scale experiment, 12 male and 12 female strain 2 guinea pigs were treated by gavage twice a week for 78 wk with a 200-mg/kg body weight dose of methapyrilene hydrochloride dissolved in water, a total dose of approximately 30 g/kg body weight. By the end of the treatment more than half of the animals were still alive: survivors were killed at 132 wk. A group of 20 male Syrian golden hamsters was treated twice a week by gavage with 15 mg methapyrilene hydrochloride for 58 wk, a total dose of approximately 15 g/kg body weight. Thirteen animals survived an acute convulsant effect, and the last 4 were killed at wk 61. There was no significant incidence of any tumor that could be attributed to the treatment in either guinea pigs or hamsters. PMID- 6668616 TI - Distribution, elimination, and test for carcinogenicity of 2,6-dinitrotoluene after intraperitoneal and oral administration to strain a mice. AB - After intraperitoneal (ip) and oral (po) administration of 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), the distribution, elimination, and lung tumor response were determined in strain A mice. In a 30-wk bioassay and at total ip doses of 600, 1500, or 3000 mg/kg, or total po doses of 1200, 3000, or 6000 mg/kg, 2,6-DNT did not produce an increase in lung adenomas when compared to vehicle-treated controls. The urine was the major route of elimination of both ip and po administered 3H-labeled 2,6 DNT, with 87.6, 55.2, and 49.1% of ip doses of 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg, respectively, excreted within 4 h. The corresponding amounts excreted after po administration were 33.6, 25.2, and 24.3%, which increased to 53.7, 53.5, and 48.6% after 8 h. The distribution of 2,6-DNT in various tissues (blood, liver, kidneys, lungs, small and large intestine) showed no evidence for preferential uptake or retention at any of the ip or po doses. Terminal half-lives of radioactive material in the liver were 1.11, 0.95, and 1.16 h after ip doses of 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg, respectively. At all ip doses (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg), rapid and extensive metabolism of 3H-labeled 2,6-DNT was observed, as judged by the low amounts (less than 2% of the total 3H/tissue) of unchanged 3H-labeled 2,6-DNT that could be reisolated from blood, liver, small intestine, or lungs at 2 h after administration. The extent of 3H-labeled 2,6-DNT metabolism by these tissues after po administration was similar, except for the relatively high amounts of unchanged 3H-labeled 2,6-DNT (approximately 50% of the total 3H/tissue between 1 and 8 h after 100 mg/kg) present in the small intestine. At these times, negligible (less than 2%) unchanged 3H-labeled 2,6-DNT was present in the large intestine. It is concluded that ip or po administered 2,6-DNT is not carcinogenic in the strain A mouse lung-tumor bioassay. Excretion in the urine is the major mode of elimination after either ip or po administration, but is slower after po than after ip dosing. It is likely that the liver and small intestine are major sites of 2,6-DNT metabolism, and it is possible that po administered 2,6-DNT is also metabolized by the microflora of the large intestine. PMID- 6668617 TI - Interaction of secalonic acid D with phenobarbital, 3-methyl cholanthrene, and SKF-525A in mice. AB - Secalonic acid D (SAD) is an acutely toxic and teratogenic fungal metabolite produced by Penicillium oxalium in corn and other cereal grains. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of single and multiple doses of SAD on pentobarbital-induced narcosis, as an index of the modulating effect of SAD on the hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in mice. The effects of known enzyme modulators-phenobarbital (PB), 3-methyl cholanthrene (3-MC), and diethylaminoethyl diphenylproply acetate hydrochloride (SKF-525A)-on the acute toxicity of SAD in mice were also studied using body weights, mortality, and histopathology as indices. Results of this study failed to demonstrate any modulating effect by SAD of pentobarbital metabolizing enzymes. Pretreatment with SKF-525A, an enzyme inhibitor, enhanced SAD toxicity in mice, whereas pretreatment with PB or 3-MC, known enzyme inducers, had no effect. Further studies of interaction of [14C]SAD with PB and SKF-525A revealed that although neither PB nor SKF-525A altered the ratio of parent compound to total metabolites excreted in bile, SKF-525A significantly reduced the bile flow as well as the elimination of SAD-derived radioactivity in bile. These results strongly suggest the possibility that the effects of SKF-525A, other than the enzyme inhibition, may be responsible for its enhancement of SAD toxicity in mice. PMID- 6668619 TI - Distribution and elimination of inhaled phenanthridone in Fischer-344 rats. AB - Aza-arenes are widely distributed in the environment. Certain members of this chemical class are biologically active and therefore could pose health hazards to humans if inhaled or ingested. Since inhalation is the most likely route for significant exposure for aza-arenes that are air pollutants, knowledge of the absorption, distribution, and excretion after inhalation is necessary to understand mechanisms of toxicity and predict health hazards associated with exposure to aza-arenes. In this study, rats were exposed nose-only to an aerosol of [14C]phenanthridone, a mutagenic aza-arene found in coal tar. Tissues, urine, feces, and expired air were collected at specified times and assayed for radioactivity. Radioactivity was rapidly absorbed from the respiratory tract and distributed to all tissues examined. It was rapidly eliminated from tissues (greater than 80% in 12 h), being concentrated only in the large intestine at later timepoints. Excretion of radioactivity in both feces and urine was complete within 4 d. Virtually none of the dose was eliminated as [14C]CO2. [14C] Phenanthridone was also administered orally to assess its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption was nearly complete (83 +/- 6%), indicating that phenanthridone ingested as a result of mucociliary clearance and swallowing, grooming, or coprophagy could also contribute to tissue exposure. These results are similar to those obtained from inhalation studies of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, indicating that as a class, inhaled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may be rapidly absorbed from the respiratory tract, widely distributed throughout the body, and readily eliminated in both urine and feces. PMID- 6668618 TI - The effects of acrylonitrile on hemoglobin and red cell metabolism. AB - The effects of acrylonitrile (VCN) on hemoglobin and red cell metabolism were studied in vitro and in vivo using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Reduced glutathione (GSH) was rapidly depleted by VCN. The reaction between VCN and GSH to form S cyanoethyl glutathione is both enzymic and nonenzymic. GSH depletion induced oxidation of considerable amount of hemoglobin to methemoglobin. Incubation of nitrite-treated erythrocytes with VCN (2-10 mM) resulted in a significant decrease in methemoglobin reduction. VCN initiated hemolysis in vitro at a concentration of 0.05 M, and at concentrations lower than 0.05 M rendered erythrocytes susceptible to osmotic fragility even at higher concentration of NaCl. Following oral administration of VCN (80 mg/kg), significant perturbations of levels of red-cell GSH, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, adenosine triphosphate, pyruvate, lactate, and oxidized glutathione occurred within 1 h. These changes returned to normal levels between 6 and 24 h. A strong correlation between the depletion of GSH in vivo and covalent binding [2,3-14C]VCN to hemoglobin was observed. These in vivo and in vitro results suggest that chronic exposure to VCN may lead to methemoglobinemia and consequently may cause impaired delivery of oxygen to various tissues. PMID- 6668620 TI - Plasma membrane protection against the acute effects of inorganic lead on the respiratory rates of intact liver cells. AB - To evaluate the acute effects of inorganic lead on oxidative metabolism in hepatocytes, intact liver cells were isolated from hamsters and incubated with solutions of PbCl2. These cells were found to be relatively resistant to respiratory inhibition as compared to liver homogenates. That is, in the presence of 1 mM PbCl2, the rate of oxygen consumption of the intact cells was approximately 6% less than that of controls. In contrast, the respiratory rates of liver homogenates treated with 1 mM PbCl2 were about 70% lower than controls. The resistance of the intact cells persisted even after 4 1/2 h of incubation with the lead and appears to reflect the protective influence of the plasma membrane. PMID- 6668621 TI - Different effects of vanadium ions on some DNA-metabolizing enzymes. AB - The effects of vanadium on some enzymes involved in DNA metabolism were investigated in vitro. Vanadate (V) ions competitively inhibit calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase with Ki = 2.5 microM. A binding of vanadium to the enzyme with no change of the amount of the Zn constituent of the protein was found at concentrations of vanadate causing inhibition. The catalytic activity of mammalian DNA polymerase alpha was also inhibited by vanadate ions at an I50 of 60 microM, while the bacterial (E. coli) DNA polymerase I was affected to the same extent only when the concentration of vanadate was raised to about 0.5 mM. In contrast to the inhibitory effects caused by vanadium on the nucleotidyl transferases, concentrations of pentavalent vanadium ions of the order of 10 microM increase 2.4-fold the hydrolytic activity of deoxyribonuclease I from bovine pancreas. These findings suggest that vanadium can interact with enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism. PMID- 6668622 TI - Protective effect of vitamin E on genotoxicity of methylmercury. AB - The cytogenetic effects of methylmercury (MeHg) producing chromosomal breakages, C-mitosis, and sister chromatid exchange are well documented. The present investigation was to determine whether vitamin E, which has been shown to exert a certain protective measure on the nervous system of animals exposed to methylmercury, also will diminish the genotoxicity of MeHg. Adult hamsters were given a daily injection (ip) of methylmercury chloride at a dosage of 2.0 mg/kg body weight (kg b.w.) and/or with 2.0 mg/kg b.w. vitamin E for 3 wk. All animals were sacrificed 5 d after the last day of MeHg exposure. Fibroblast cultures were established with cells obtained from skins of these animals. Chromosome preparations were made from these cultures and evaluated, using a double-blind system, for incidences of chromosomal breakage. It was found that all the fibroblast cultures grew well except from those animals treated with MeHg. Furthermore, while the saline control and vitamin E alone cultures showed no significant number of chromosomal breakages, cells from animals treated with only MeHg showed a high incidence of chromosomal damage (50% with 1 break and 15% with 2 or more breaks). Such chromosomal damage, however, was totally eliminated by vitamin E treatment (no chromosomal breakage was observed in cultures from MeHg/vitamin E animals). Our present study represents the first report on in vitro chromosomal damages as a result of in vivo MeHg exposure. Furthermore, our investigation also demonstrated the protective potential of vitamin E against genotoxicity of methylmercury. PMID- 6668623 TI - Effect of selenium on distribution, demethylation, and excretion of methylmercury by the guinea pig. AB - The influence of selenium on methylmercury excretion, organ and subcellular distribution, and demethylation was studied in the guinea pig at different times following a single equimolar dose (50 miroM/kg) of CH203 3) HgCl and Na2SeO3 administered separately or concomitantly per os. Excretion of mercury through feces was the dominant clearance pathway in both groups. Selenium significantly decreased excretion of total and organic mercury in feces during the course of the study, but in the urine only on d 13. Selenium also significantly decreased the concentration of total mercury in major organs. The exception was brain on d 1, in which mercury levels were higher in the presence of selenium; however, on d 7 and 13 both cerebrum and cerebellum showed lower mercury levels as compared to the group treated with methylmercury alone. Selenium had no significant effect on the subcellular mercury distribution in the liver, kidney, and cerebrum, other than that which could be accounted for the whole organ uptake. The level of organic mercury in most of the analyzed organs was significantly decreased by the presence of selenium; however, relative proportions of inorganic to organic mercury remain unchanged. The single exception was kidney, where selenium markedly decreased the relative amount of inorganic mercury. PMID- 6668624 TI - Deposition of inhaled particulate matter in the upper respiratory tract, larynx, and bronchial airways: a mathematical description. AB - A mathematical description of inhaled particle behavior suitable for analysis of factors affecting deposition in the human upper respiratory tract (nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal compartments), larynx, and ciliated airways is presented. When upper respiratory tract and larynx filtering efficiencies are incorporated in the model, theoretical calculations of aerosol deposition agree with tracheobronchial (TB) data reported in the open literature. The model predicts the sigmoidal shape of TB deposition patterns measured in human subjects, the slopes of the quasilinear segments of these curves, and the positions of their two asymptotes. The model could therefore be used to evaluate the health effects of toxic airborne particles. PMID- 6668625 TI - Effects of 0.2 ppm nitrogen dioxide on pulmonary function and response to bronchoprovocation in asthmatics. AB - To study the respiratory effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at ambient concentrations, we exposed 31 asthmatic volunteers to purified air (control) and to 0.2 ppm NO2 for 2-h periods with light intermittent exercise. Bronchial reactivity (loss of forced expiratory performance in response to graded doses of methacholine chloride aerosol) was determined postexposure, using a newly developed apparatus that allowed accurate quantitation of methacholine dose. Forced expiratory performance, total respiratory resistance, and symptoms were also recorded immediately pre- and postexposure (prior to methacholine challenges). No significant direct effect of NO2 exposure on forced expiratory function or total respiratory resistance was observed. Symptoms showed a small significant (p less than 0.05) excess in purified air relative to NO2 exposures. Individual responses to methacholine varied greatly. About two-thirds of the subjects showed greater response after NO2 than after purified air, but the mean excess response was small. Mean changes attained significance in some but not all applicable statistical tests. Thus we cannot conclude unequivocally that NO2 exposure increased bronchial reactivity in this group, although there was some tendency in that direction. PMID- 6668626 TI - On the choice of experimental populations for research in neurobehavioral toxicology. PMID- 6668628 TI - Thallium poisoning--toxin elimination and therapy in three cases. AB - Three cases of thallium poisoning occurred within the same family after eating a meal of poisoned sour milk. The 58 year old mother died after four days cardiovascular insufficiency. Massive thallium concentrations were found in blood, urine, liver and kidney. The 59 year old father presented after four days with a neurology typical for classic thallotoxicosis with potentially lethal blood thallium levels. This patient recovered after therapy including Prussian Blue, forced diuresis and two six hour hemoperfusions with a charcoal column. Urinary elimination of thallium over two weeks was almost 300 mg, whereas a maximum total of 63 mg were removed with hemoperfusion. A retrospective estimate of the total dose ingested and the large distribution volume of thallium suggest that hemoperfusion did not affect the course of the intoxication. The 28 year old son, later convicted for homicide, was admitted on the tenth day after the meal with very discrete neurological symptoms. This patient had low blood and urine thallium levels. He recovered uneventfully after treatment with Prussian Blue and forced diuresis. However, both surviving patients developed alopecia after two weeks. All three patients had raised liver transaminases. Intensive therapy with gut decontamination, Prussian Blue and forced diuresis should be the mainstay of therapy. PMID- 6668627 TI - Hemoperfusion in a child who ingested diquat and died from pontine infarction and hemorrhage. AB - A 2 1/2 year old boy accidentally ingested the herbicide diquat. Progressive neurologic dysfunction preceded his death 143 hours after poisoning. Brain stem infarction and purpura were noted at post mortem and closely resembled the brain stem pathology in 3 of 7 adults who died after diquat ingestion. Renal, gastrointestinal and pulmonary involvement in this child also resembled that seen in adults after ingestion of diquat. Hemoperfusion was performed six times in an effort to lower the body diquat burden. Cellulose-coated, activated charcoal was first employed 40 hours postingestion and removed diquat from serum with clearances of 104 and 39 ml/minute at the initiation of hemoperfusion and 6 hours later, respectively. Serum diquat concentrations decreased rapidly during charcoal hemoperfusion. However, marked rebound in serum diquat concentrations were noted between charcoal treatments, indicating extensive sequestration of diquat by tissues. Thrombocytopenia and hypocalcemia, the major complications of charcoal hemoperfusion, were easily treated. Unlike charcoal, Amberlite XAD-4 resin hemoperfusion did not remove diquat from serum. Charcoal hemoperfusion may temporarily reduce serum diquat concentrations. Whether the early institution and daily performance of charcoal hemoperfusion will minimize diquat-induced damage to brain and other organs is not clear from this case and will only be determined in future studies. PMID- 6668629 TI - Lunar cycle and poison center calls. AB - An analysis of calls to the Maryland Poison Center was performed to assess whether a relationship exists between the moon periods and poison exposure calls. A given period was defined as the day of the lunar event +/- 2 days. Thirteen lunar cycles in which 22,079 calls occurred were analyzed. A larger proportion of total calls to the center and unintentional poisoning calls occurred during the full moon period. A significantly larger number of unintentional poisonings occurred in the full moon period compared to suicide attempts and drug abuse which occurred most frequently during the new moon period. The lunar cycle had no effect on the distribution of victim's age or sex or the location of treatment. PMID- 6668631 TI - Metronidazole and alcohol--potential for combinative abuse. AB - The metronidazole/alcohol combination is presented as a possible new drug of abuse. Five patients are discussed. All were white middle-class women living in the Great Lakes area who had abused marijuana and most were college educated. Giddiness and excitement provided the rationale for the abuse. PMID- 6668630 TI - Isopropanol ingestion: interpretation of blood concentrations and clinical findings. AB - We evaluated blood concentrations and clinical findings in 17 cases of isopropanol (IPROH) ingestion seen over a 8.5 year period at our institution. Eight ingestions involved IPROH alone ("pure") while the remainder involved at least ethanol in addition to IPROH ("mixed"). Fourteen patients had a history of alcoholism. Admission blood IPROH concentrations ranged from 5 to 70 mg/dL while the concentration of the acetone metabolite ranged from nondetectable to 220 mg/dL. The mean acetone concentration was significantly higher for "pure" ingestions than for "mixed" ingestions (p less than 0.05); however, the mean IPROH concentrations showed no significant difference. The mean anion gap was significantly higher for "mixed" ingestions than for "pure" ones (p less than 0.01). Fifteen patients were either alert or lethargic while two, who had ingested no compounds other than IPROH, were comatose. The most common other physical findings were tachycardia (10 cases), decreased deep tendon reflexes (5), dysarthria (4), and ataxia, hypotension, fever, and mydriasis (3 cases each). None of the findings including level of consciousness showed statistically significant correlation with the IPROH concentrations. Twelve patients were hospitalized; eleven of these recovered with supportive care alone. One patient expired from trauma suffered in a motor vehicle accident. PMID- 6668633 TI - A review of essential drugs and primary health care. What are the important next steps? PMID- 6668632 TI - Plasmapheresis in thyroxine overdose: a case report. AB - Thyrotoxicosis from an overdose of medicinal thyroid is a condition which may be associated with a significant delay in onset of toxicity. We report a case treated with plasmapheresis, and conclude that the amount of thyroid hormone removed was insignificant compared to the total ingestion. We also note that the plasma half-life of thyroxine is apparently reduced in an acute massive ingestion. PMID- 6668634 TI - Drugs for the poor of the Third World: consumption and distribution. PMID- 6668635 TI - Assessment of the consequences of the house-spraying of malathion on the interruption of malaria transmission. AB - Marked female Anopheles culicifacies were released into an enclosed palm-leaf hut at dusk and survivors recovered the following drawn by hand on several occasions before and after spraying with the insecticide malathion. Pre-spray releases yielded only 25-50% recovery which was thought to be due to concealment of resting mosquitoes in the palm-leaf. A mortality of 100% was recorded for over 2 months after spraying the insecticide but after 71 days small numbers of live recoveries were found. The likely effect on malaria transmission of the observed survival rates was assessed theoretically. Although the percentage survival found in the experiment would not seem to prevent the control of malaria the data suggest that the spraying regime would immediately give a great selective advantage to any resistance gene arising in the population. PMID- 6668636 TI - Genetic observations on the taxon Anopheles (Cellia) pharoensis Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae). AB - A photomap of the ovarian polytene chromosomes from Anopheles pharoensis is presented. The arrangement shown is that found in populations from Zululand, South Africa, and represents the arbitrary standard for the taxon. Two X chromosome arrangements exist in samples from allopatric natural populations. Crosses between females homozygous for the inverted arrangement, Xa, and males carrying the standard arrangement, X+a, give F1 males that are sterile. Females from this cross, and both males and females from the reciprocal cross, are fertile. The simplest hypothesis is that the two X-chromosome arrangements mark two species within the taxon An. pharoensis Theobald. The practical implications are briefly discussed. PMID- 6668637 TI - The development of PHC and the next steps--can district services give support. PMID- 6668638 TI - The founding of a cancer registry in a developing country. AB - The Netherlands Antilles is among the less developed countries lacking data on incidence and distribution of cancer. Therefore, a retrospective case-finding survey was started in 1977 to retrieve all cases of cancer occurring in the period 1968-1977, simultaneously initiating a regular continuous registry for newly occurring cancers. The survey consisted of five phases, designed to ferret out cases from pathology and hospital files, out-patient files, and other sources, and to systematically check the validity of compiled data. The design was based on the absence of specific files of coded diagnoses, the active participation of a pathologist in the search for cases, and the central position of the Pathology Department and the St Elisabeth Hospital. The survey eventually covered a population of 180 000. The work was done in spare time, due to lack of funds, and was yet completed in 2 years. The total cost was 20 specialist-hours and 50 clerk-hours per 100 000 population per year to be covered. The recovery was complete for the 5 most recent years and 85% for earlier years. As to the latter, the main reason for incompleteness appeared to be the deficiency in filing records in out-patient departments. It is concluded that the retrospective active case-finding survey is highly feasible, rapid and cheap, and it is proposed as an alternative to the regular continuous cancer registry, for countries with limited facilities and funds, or when the rapid availability of incidence data is required. Conditions prevailing in developing countries, and with a possible impact on the outcome of the survey, are amply discussed. PMID- 6668639 TI - An epidemiological investigation of pre-eclampsia and elevated blood pressure among Kampuchean refugee women at Sakaeo Holding Center, Thailand. AB - An investigation was undertaken at Sakaeo Holding Center in Thailand to determine the cause for an increase in the frequency of pre-eclampsia and elevated blood pressure among Kampuchean refugee women. A review of the admission and delivery logs revealed an incidence rate of 12.6 per 100 deliveries from March to August 1982. A study based on review of antenatal records indicated that haematocrit levels were significantly lower in the second and third trimesters among cases. When other Kampuchean holding centres were visited, pre-eclampsia and elevated blood pressure cases were few, and haematocrit levels were substantially higher than at Sakaeo. After an iron therapy programme was instituted at Sakaeo, there was a decrease in the number of pre-eclampsia cases. PMID- 6668640 TI - Disposition of ampicillin administered intravenously and intratracheally to young calves. AB - The profile of the blood concentration of ampicillin vs time was compared in 24 calves after ampicillin administration (10 mg/kg body weight) by the intratracheal (i.t.) and the intravenous (i.v.) routes in a crossover study. In a subsequent study, 12 of the calves were given ampicillin i.v. and 12 were given ampicillin i.t.; at 15 min and 2 h after drug administration, the calves were killed and lungs, kidneys, liver, urine and plasma were collected for ampicillin assay. The mean ampicillin concentration in blood after i.v. treatment was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than after i.t. treatment. The mean ampicillin level in lungs after i.t. treatment was significantly higher than the level after i.v. treatment, but concentrations in kidneys, liver, urine and plasma after i.v. treatment were higher (but not significantly) than those after i.t. treatment. PMID- 6668641 TI - Clinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of flumequine after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration in pigeons (Columba livia). AB - The in-vitro activity of flumequine against 157 strains of bacteria isolated from birds was determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 96.3% of the Enterobacteriaceae, Proteus spp. and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis studied (n = 135) was less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. Pharmacokinetics of flumequine in pigeons (Columba livia) was investigated after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration. From the blood disappearance curves after i.v. bolus injection (10 mg/kg body weight) clearance rate, blood half-time and distribution volume were calculated. The recovery of unchanged flumequine from the droppings in 24 h was 37 +/- 10% of the administered dose. Flumequine was also given i.m. at two dose levels, 10 and 60 mg/kg body weight. The availability of flumequine as intact drug was 22 and 23%, respectively, in 24 h. Therapeutic blood levels were maintained for 4 and 10 h, respectively. After an oral dose of flumequine (60 mg/kg body weight) an availability of 6.7 +/- 2.5% and a peak blood concentration of 2.68 +/- 0.92 microgram/ml at 2 h after administration were found. The recovery of unchanged flumequine from the droppings in 24 h was 1.55 +/- 0.79% of the administered dose. With the exception of the i.m. dose of 10 mg/kg, all flumequine administrations made the pigeons vomit. It appears that blood concentrations below 3 micrograms/ml will not induce vomiting. On the basis of the present data, a dosage regimen for flumequine in pigeons of a priming dose of 30 mg/kg i.m., followed after 8 h by oral administration of 30 mg/kg, this dose being repeated every 8-12 h, would be expected to give blood concentrations between 1.44 and 2.88 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6668642 TI - The absorption of anabolic agents from pellets implanted at the base of the ear in sheep. AB - Twenty wether sheep were allocated to seven groups and received implants near the base of one ear with pellets containing: for group 1, (OE) 20 mg oestradiol-17 beta alone; for group 2, (TBA/OE) 20 mg oestradiol-17 beta intimately mixed with 140 mg trenbolone acetate; for group 3, (T/OE) 20 mg oestradiol-17 beta mixed with 200 mg testosterone; for group 4, (P/OE) 20 mg oestradiol-17 beta mixed with 200 mg progesterone; for group 5, (TBA/OE2) 20 mg oestradiol-17 beta in one ear and 140 mg trenbolone in the other ear; for group 6, (TBA/OE1) 20 mg oestradiol 17 beta and 140 mg trenbolone as separate pellets in one ear; group 7 sheep received implants of carrier material and served as controls. The concentrations of steroids were measured in plasma samples collected from both jugular veins during the 16-week period after implantation. The absorption of oestradiol-17 beta was slower and more sustained from the pellets in which it was mixed with other steroids (groups 2, 3 and 4) than from the pellets containing oestradiol-17 beta alone (groups 1, 5 and 6). The concentration of each steroid in plasma was higher in the jugular vein ipsilateral to the implant than in the vein on the opposite side. The difference between the concentrations in the two veins was used to calculate the biological half-lives of the steroids; for oestradiol-17 beta and trenbolone the mean values ranged from 1.8 to 6.8 min and from 3 to 4 min, respectively, and for testosterone and progesterone the mean values were 4.7 and 3.5 min, respectively. PMID- 6668643 TI - Some pharmacokinetic data of flurbiprofen in the goat. PMID- 6668644 TI - Re: Hemiacidrin renal irrigation: complications and successful management. PMID- 6668645 TI - Re: Traumatic rupture of the testicle and a review of the literature. PMID- 6668646 TI - Cell surface antigens in bladder cancer. PMID- 6668647 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Diathermy. PMID- 6668648 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Mandatory ECG before elective surgery. PMID- 6668649 TI - [Effect of reduced glutathione on endotoxin shock]. PMID- 6668650 TI - [Effects of naloxone on hemodynamics and metabolism in experimental endotoxic shock]. PMID- 6668651 TI - [Inorganic fluoride concentration and renal function under enflurane anesthesia]. PMID- 6668652 TI - [Effects of high-dose fentanyl on normal and ischemic heart]. PMID- 6668653 TI - [Effects of succinylcholine on serum potassium level in patients with upper motor neuron diseases]. PMID- 6668654 TI - [Antagonistic effects of neostigmine, 4-aminopyridine and 3,4-diaminopyridine on muscle relaxing effects of d-tubocurarine]. PMID- 6668655 TI - [Paraquat poisoning: clinical and experimental studies]. PMID- 6668656 TI - [General anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome]. PMID- 6668657 TI - [Safety requirements for anesthetic equipments, with special reference to vaporizers]. PMID- 6668658 TI - Hemodynamic evaluation of exercise-induced ST-segment depression and elevation in ischemic heart disease. Left ventricular cineangiography during exercise. AB - In order to elucidate the hemodynamic significance of exercise-induced ST-segment shifts in ischemic heart disease, left ventricular cineangiography was carried out in 41 patients at rest and during supine bicycle ergometer exercise. These patients were divided into 2 groups, that is, a normal coronary artery group (6 patients), having neither significant coronary artery stenosis nor exercise induced ST-segment shifts, and a diseased group (35 patients) having significant coronary artery stenosis (inner-diameter stenosis greater than or equal to 75%). The latter was further divided into 3 subgroups according to exercise-induced ST segment shifts: ST-unchanged group (17 patients), ST-depression group (11 patients) and ST-elevation group (7 patients). In the normal coronary artery and ST-unchanged groups, exercise produced an increase in left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), a decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) and increases in stroke index and ejection fraction. In the ST-depression group, the appearance or aggravation of left ventricular wall motion abnormality was induced at the site of coronary artery stenosis by exercise in 9 patients. Both LVEDVI and LVESVI increased, stroke index remained unchanged, and ejection fraction decreased during exercise. In the ST-elevation group, ST-segment elevation was induced in leads with abnormal Q waves. In 2 patients, exercise induced aggravation of wall motion abnormality at the infarctional segment. LVESVI increased, but LVEDVI showed little increase, and stroke index and ejection fraction tended to decrease during exercise. In the ST depression group, exercise-induced left ventricular pump dysfunction was due to lowered contractility (increased LVESVI) caused by transient myocardial ischemia. In the ST-elevation group, exercise-induced pump dysfunction was mainly due to lowered contractility, and in some of them, the findings suggested that transient myocardial ischemia at or around the region of infarction might be the cause of pump dysfunction. In addition, a poor compensatory effect of the Frank-Starling mechanism seemed to play a role in the onset of such dysfunction in this group. PMID- 6668659 TI - Detection and quantification of left main coronary artery stenosis by two dimensional echocardiography. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the diagnostic feasibility of detecting both qualitatively and quantitatively stenotic wall abnormalities in the left main coronary artery (LMCA) and its bifurcation. Adequate two-dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) images of the LMCA were obtained in 18 of 20 patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD). In 15 of 18 patients the LMCA was completely imaged but in different 2DE-planes in most of the cases. Only in 4 of 18 patients could adequate images of the bifurcation, including the central parts of left anterior descending and circumflex branches, be demonstrated. On the contrary, the 2DE detected calcification of the LMCA identified by fluoroscopy in only 2 of 5 patients. As to quantitative analysis, the correlation of luminal diameters in stenotic and non-stenotic coronary artery obtained from 2DE and coronary angiography was satisfactory (r = 0.69, p less than 0.01). These results suggest that 2DE can be useful for the follow-up study of LMCA disease. However, this method is not indicated for the detection of more distal left coronary artery stenosis occurring beyond the bifurcation. PMID- 6668660 TI - Ventricular septal defect in infancy. Surgical criteria and experience. AB - The optimal surgical management of ventricular septal defects (SVD) in infancy and particularly in small babies, still remains controversial. Seventy-six infants with VSD as the major cardiac lesion were operated upon from March 1978 to December 1981. Forty-three underwent primary repair with a 9.3% mortality rate. Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) was performed in 33 infants without mortality. Sixteen of them had subsequent debanding and VSD closure, also without mortality. Based on our own experience, our current recommendations are as follows: PAB in severely ill infants under 3 months of age, in infants with multiple or "Swiss-cheese type VSD" and in some cases of VSD with associated anomalies. Early debanding and correction, except in cases with multiple VSDs. Primary repair in infants aged more than 3 months and in some selected younger cases, according to the anatomical location of the defect. PMID- 6668661 TI - Once a day indapamide therapy in hypertension. Effects on the heart and peripheral arterial circulation. AB - Indapamide, a sulphonamide derivative, was prescribed for 8 weeks at low dose (2.5 mg once a day) to 14 hypertensive patients in order to investigate its effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), cardiac function and peripheral arterial resistance (PAR). During treatment we observed decreases in both SBP and DBP without any change in HR in the supine and standing positions and on exercise. As a result cardiac work was significantly reduced. Slight changes in pre-ejection period (PEP) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) along with a more significant decrease in rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (DBP to PEP ratio) were observed during treatment. An increase in RBF and a decrease in PAR were also detected in the peripheral circulation. These findings may indicate that indapamide antagonizes the cardiovascular effects of catecholamines. PMID- 6668662 TI - Exercise-induced cyclic episodes of S-T segment elevation in a patient with variant angina. AB - A unique case of variant angina is described in which cyclic S-T segment elevation was reproducibly induced by exercise. The treadmill test revealed cyclic S-T segment elevation to occur from the first minute onward, recurring with a cycle length of 2 min throughout the exercise while the work load was being increased. Similar cyclic episodes were also induced by the cold pressor test, and the ambulatory electrocardiogram demonstrated spontaneous episodes of S T segment elevation with a similar cycle length in early mornings. Coronary arteriography revealed a fixed lesion in the mid-portion of right coronary artery with a 90% narrowing associated with coronary spasm leading to subtotal occlusion. The cyclic episodes were abolished by the administration of the calcium antagonist diltiazem. The spontaneous phasic activity of coronary arterial muscle is discussed as a possible cause or mechanism. PMID- 6668664 TI - [Co-operation of fundamental research with clinical work in radiation oncology]. AB - Recent advances in cancer radiotherapy have been remarkable and this is mainly due to the contribution of radiation physics and progression of radiation physics and progression of techniques for irradiation. However, it seems to be needed of tumor radiobiological contribution to obtain better results of cancer radiotherapy in future. In present paper co-operative study between fundamental research and clinical work in radiation oncology is discussed by reviewing co operation of fundamental research and clinical trial in hyperbaric oxygen radiotherapy in England. PMID- 6668663 TI - [Effect of therapeutic irradiation on the immune responses]. AB - The immune responses of patients with lung cancer undergoing therapeutic irradiation were evaluated. Absolute lymphocyte counts, PPD skin test, PHA skin test and in vitro lymphocyte transformation test with PHA were performed on each patient before and after 40 Gy irradiation. The values of these parameters were depressed as the increment of the irradiated dose, OK-432 and PS-K administration combined with radiotherapy suppressed the depression of the PHA skin test reactivity and in vitro lymphocyte transformation with PHA. Adding to the effect on immune response of the whole body, the local radiation effect on immunological reaction of tumor tissue was also evaluated. PMID- 6668665 TI - [Cooperation of radiobiologists and radiotherapists for progress in radiotherapy]. AB - Although studies of radiobiology are expected to contribute to dictate rational optimal modality in radiotherapy and much has been accomplished in the short history of radiobiology, this advances in radiobiology has not caused yet dramatic increase in the cure rate of cancers. Therefore, how a radiobiologist and a radiotherapist had cooperated up to date was reviewed, especially in applying experimental results on the effect of oxygen on the radiosensitivity of mammalian cells to clinical radiotherapy. It was revealed that one of the main reasons for this failure in cooperation is that a radiobiologist and a radiotherapist has their own terminology and has not communicated well using data useful for each other. What to be performed at present and in future were proposed in the field of radiobiology and in the field of radiotherapy. PMID- 6668666 TI - [Biological and physical approach to the improvement of radiotherapy]. AB - A double blind trial of misonidazole (MISO) was undertaken. A total of 147 patients were enrolled. They were randomly allocated into two groups receiving either MISO or placebo. They were irradiated with 2 Gy 5 times a week to a total dose of about 60 Gy. 0.5g/m2 of MISO was given orally 4 hours before each irradiation. The effect of the treatment was evaluated as a decrease in the volume of the tumors. No radiosensitizing effect of the drug was observed. Twenty nine tumors considered to be radioresistant were treated by RF hyperthermia combined with radiation. 48% of the tumors developed complete regression. No definite relationship between heat sensitivity of the tumors and their histological types was observed. PMID- 6668667 TI - [Concept of therapeutic ratio by combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy]. AB - In combined application of radiation and drugs, the maximum therapeutic ratio should be accomplished by effective combination of the following various means. 1. Effective combination from the aspect of cell kinetics. 2. Application of hypoxic sensitizer or PLDR-inhibitor to cells of the resting phase that are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. 3. improvement of the method of anti cancer drug administration. 4. Reasonable planning of the intervals of radiation and chemotherapy. In solid tumors, the proportion of proliferating phase decreases with the increase in the tumor size. Anti-cancer drugs are usually effective to cells of the proliferating phase only, and cells of the resting phase are resistant to radiation. This indicates the absolute necessity of multi modal treatment including surgical management. PMID- 6668668 TI - [Therapeutic ratio in combined radio-chemotherapy--radiobiological considerations]. AB - Although much effort has been directed for obtaining a more effective way of combination in combined radio-chemotherapy, radiobiological rationales for improving the therapeutic ratio have not yet been established. Biological characteristics of solid tumors, target normal tissues in acute and chronic injuries, and also their implications in radio-chemotherapy were discussed in this review. These include cellular kinetics, pH gradient and 4 R's during the treatment course. It was considered that experimental model systems in vitro suitable for solid tumors and slowly proliferating normal tissues are required for obtaining rationales to improve therapeutic ratio. PMID- 6668669 TI - [Enhancement of anti-cancer effect by potential lethal damage repair(PLDR) inhibitors]. AB - Nucleoside analogues (3'-dG, Ara-A) have recently been found to be an effective chemical substance for inhibiting the recovery of potential lethal damage caused by radiation and anti-cancer drugs. By combination of radiation and inhibitors, both Ara-A and 3'-dG produced a higher sensitivity effect closer to the center of "Spheroid". In the experimental tumor S-180, combination of adriamycin , cyclophosphamide and Ara-A produced an eminent sensitivity effect amounting to the enhancement ratio of 1.24 and 1.36. By combination of 5-FU and 3'-dG, an enhancement ratio of 1.39 was obtained. These findings indicate the possibility that these inhibitors may be used as a chemosensitizer and also suggest that they would be useful for chemotherapy in the future. PMID- 6668670 TI - [Visceral metastasis in 135 cases of breast cancer: evaluation at autopsy]. AB - We examined the distribution and frequency of metastasis in 135 breast carcinoma cases autopsied between 1946 and 1981 at the Cancer Institute, Tokyo, and studied the relationship between the results and various factors such as histological type, patient age, therapy and clinical course. Breast carcinoma metastasizes more widely and more frequently than other malignant tumors; there is a high rate of metastasis to the bone, adrenals, opposite breast, and thyroid. Medullary tubular carcinoma metastasizes more highly than other histological types. The frequency of metastasis is higher in the younger age group and in patients irradiated to the primary sites. There is little correlation between the frequency of metastasis and total duration. PMID- 6668671 TI - [Squamous change in gastric cancer]. AB - Squamous change was found at the rate of 4% in 3,727 operated patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. The incidence of squamous change was 0.47%, 4.2% and 5.6% in the early, pm-invasive and s-invasive cases, respectively. This phenomenon was considered to be secondary metaplastic change associated with the growth of the adenocarcinoma. Protuded type cancers were found in 63.5%, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with moderate to marked intestinal metaplasia was found in 86.1%. The average patient age was 65.5, the male to female ratio was 2.3:1. Regarding cancer location, 19.6% were in the upper 1/3 of the stomach, especially adjacent to the esophago-cardiac junction. PMID- 6668672 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of radiation and surgical therapy for cervical cancer]. AB - Treatment results for uterine cervix cancer were evaluated using a new concept named "Effective Survival Rate". This rate was calculated by subtracting the weighted sum of incidence rates of various complications from the 5-year survival rate. The numerical values for various complications were assigned as follows: surgical death, 1.0; severe complications, such as fistula ureterovaginalis and ileus, 0.5; mild complications, such as rectum and urinary bladder complications, 0.3 and 0.2. These values were determined with reference to the Karnofsky index of performance status. The effective survival rate was calculated for patients with stage 2 and 3 uterine cervix cancer treated by radiation therapy and surgery, and compared as a function of age between 30 and 70 years. We concluded that the effective survival rate was comparable for radiation therapy and surgery for stage 2 uterine cervix cancer. However, in patients with stage 3, radiation therapy was superior. PMID- 6668673 TI - [Case controlled study of endometrial cancer--high risk factors in Japanese women]. AB - The incidence of endometrial cancer has been on the increase in Japan. To clarify the risk factors for endometrial cancer in Japanese women, we and our collaborators conducted a strictly controlled case study. A total of 19 Japanese medical centers participated in the study. Sexual abstinence, sterility, postmenopausal status and menstrual irregularity after the age of 30 years appear to be factors which significantly raise the relative risk for endometrial cancer. Conventionally, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and dietary habits have been emphasized as risk factors, however, these factors did not make a significant difference in our study. Accordingly, we suggest that examination for endometrial cancer should be performed on postmenopausal Japanese women and on women with menstrual irregularity who develop abnormal genital bleeding. PMID- 6668674 TI - [An autopsy case of maxillary cancer representing carcinomatosis of the bone]. AB - A 51-year-old man was admitted to our Otorhinolaryngological Clinic on November 18, 1980, complaining of a nasal blockage. A biopsy specimen from the left maxillary sinus resulted in a diagnosis of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. About a year after left maxillectomy, he presented with widespread skeletal metastasis and severe anemia. On August 25, 1982, he died of pneumonia. On autopsy, generalized bone metastasis was found; there was no local recurrence and only minimal pulmonary metastasis. Although there are some maxillary cancer cases with restricted bone metastasis, diffuse carcinomatosis of the bone, as seen in this case, is rare. We also present a review of similar cases. PMID- 6668675 TI - [Malignant meningioma with extracranial metastasis]. AB - We report case of malignant meningioma involving the lumbar vertebra (3rd and 4th). A 53-year-old man who developed occipitalgia in April 1977 was operated under the diagnosis of posterior fossa tumor in August 1977. The tumor was totally removed macroscopically Simpson grade 2. The histological diagnosis was malignant meningioma, He complained of lumbago and right leg pain since June 1981. Destruction and tumor stain of the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae were recognized on CT scans. In May 1982, surgical decompression and spinal fixation were attempted. The surgical specimen was verified as a malignant meningioma. Therefore, he underwent irradiation therapy to the lumbar spine (total dose 50 Gray). He presented with occipitalgia in March 1983. CT scan detected tumor recurrence in the suboccipital region. The recurrent tumor was totally removed immediately. The histological feature was malignant meningioma. The mode and site of metastasizing meningioma are discussed with a review of the literature. PMID- 6668677 TI - [Need for better health services for the aged]. PMID- 6668676 TI - [A case of anorectal malignant melanoma with liver metastasis reduced subjective symptoms by transcatheter arterial embolization]. AB - We report a 56-year-old female with anorectal malignant melanoma reduced subjective symptoms by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). She had five month history of melena and epigastric fullness. The physical examination revealed anorectal tumor and hepatomegaly. Pathological examination of the tumor and liver CT scan showed anoreectal malignant melanoma with liver metastasis. Surgical excision of the anorectal lesion and TAE against the liver metastasis improved subjective symptoms remarkably. Liver CT scan after TAE showed necrosis of the metastatic tumors. TAE is effective for palliative treatment of liver metastasis of anorectal malignant melanoma. PMID- 6668678 TI - [Hypertension and arteriosclerosis in the aged]. PMID- 6668679 TI - [Motor functions and paralysis in the aged]. PMID- 6668680 TI - [Cognition disorders and dementia in the aged]. PMID- 6668681 TI - [Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 6668682 TI - [Infectious diseases in the aged]. PMID- 6668683 TI - [Drug metabolism in the aged patients]. PMID- 6668685 TI - [Home nursing--its effectiveness and limitations]. PMID- 6668684 TI - [Helping the aged patients in daily activities]. PMID- 6668686 TI - [Care facilities for the aged patients]. PMID- 6668687 TI - [Rehabilitation of cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 6668688 TI - [Rehabilitation of the aged patients with motor dysfunction]. PMID- 6668689 TI - [Rehabilitation of the aged patients with speech disorders]. PMID- 6668690 TI - [Rehabilitation of psychological disorders in the aged]. PMID- 6668691 TI - [Quality of life of post-stroke patients]. PMID- 6668692 TI - [Sodium and potassium imbalance in the aged]. PMID- 6668693 TI - [Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the aged]. PMID- 6668694 TI - [Iron intake and metabolism in the aged]. PMID- 6668695 TI - [Vitamins and the aged]. PMID- 6668696 TI - [Prevention of cerebrovascular diseases--nutritional approach with clinical tests and animal models]. PMID- 6668697 TI - [Comprehensive health care for the aged]. PMID- 6668698 TI - [Future of health services for the aged]. PMID- 6668699 TI - [Present system of medical insurance for the aged]. PMID- 6668700 TI - [Health service system for the aged in England]. PMID- 6668701 TI - [Diabetic microangiopathy--etiological studies]. PMID- 6668702 TI - [Trends in the studies of cryobiology]. PMID- 6668703 TI - [Embolism of the central nervous system due to seminal vesicle cancer]. PMID- 6668704 TI - [Abnormal insulin receptor type-B associated with lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6668705 TI - [Serum group I pepsinogen (PG I) levels in peptic ulcer. Establishment of normal values]. PMID- 6668706 TI - [Nuclear DNA levels in MNNG-induced stomach neoplasms]. PMID- 6668707 TI - [B12 metabolism in diphyllobothriasis by 57Co-vitamin B12 gastric juice and 58Co vitamin B12]. PMID- 6668708 TI - [Hepatic fibrosis and coagulation factor XIII]. PMID- 6668709 TI - [Pancreatic hemodynamics in conscious dogs. 3. Pancreatic blood flow under gastric and intestinal stimulation]. PMID- 6668710 TI - [Heterotopic pancreas tissue in the stomach--clinicopathological studies of 29 cases]. PMID- 6668711 TI - [Non-invasive management of solitary giant pyogenic liver abscess]. PMID- 6668712 TI - [Chronic recurrent pancreatitis with pleural effusion]. PMID- 6668713 TI - [Gastric mucosal blood flow measured by laser Doppler velocimetry]. PMID- 6668714 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer]. PMID- 6668715 TI - [Absorption and excretion of Chlorella ellipsoidea cadmium binding protein in rats]. PMID- 6668716 TI - [Changes in the plasma levels of uric acid in rats subjected to immobilization stress]. PMID- 6668717 TI - [Manganese metabolism in rats of various ages]. PMID- 6668718 TI - [Experimental studies of trichloroethylene toxicity. II. Changes in trichloroethylene metabolites in blood serum and in urine during and after exposure to trichloroethylene]. PMID- 6668721 TI - [Temporal relation between annual changes in the age of maximum increment in height and in the nutritional level in Japan]. PMID- 6668719 TI - [Epidemiological surveys of asymptomatic gallstones]. PMID- 6668720 TI - [Lead absorption after low level lead exposure and behavioral effects of such exposure in neonatal rats]. PMID- 6668723 TI - [Adsorption characteristics of organic solvent vapors on the fixed bed of activated carbon]. AB - Many different sizes of activated carbon fixed beds are widely used for adsorption of organic solvent vapors and hazardous gases, such as air cleaners, gas masks and gas sampling tubes, but only limited information is available for the comprehensive relationship between adsorption characteristics of the fixed bed and practical factors; the amount of activated carbon, the gas flow rate, the vapor concentration and bed diameter. The authors investigated experimentally the effect of these factors on the adsorption zone length, the effective adsorption capacity and the breakthrough time. The following results were obtained; The adsorption zone length was approximately independent of the amounts of activated carbon packed in a column of a definite diameter. Therefore, the effective adsorption capacity increased with the increasing activated carbon amount, and the breakthrough time was nearly proportional to it. The adsorption zone length increased and the effective adsorption capacity reduced with the increasing gas flow rate. The adsorption zone length was little affected by the vapor concentration, but the effective adsorption capacity increased with the increasing concentration. In case of the same amount of activated carbon, the adsorption zone length, the effective adsorption capacity and the breakthrough time reduced with the increasing bed diameter. PMID- 6668722 TI - [Statistical analysis of nutrients intake affecting serum lipid values of workers in an industry]. AB - Relationships between serum lipid values and the quantity and quality of nutrient intakes of the employees in a steel factory were studied, and the following results were obtained. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CL) and alpha-CL separated by electrophoresis in office workers were significantly lower than those of field workers and they were especially lower in cases of hypertriglyceridemia. HDL-CL, alpha-CL and Apo A values of workers with abnormal circulatory findings were demonstrated to drop down with increased cigarette smoking or carbohydrate intake. On the other hand, these values were apt to be elevated with increased alcohol or energy intake. beta-Lipoprotein and beta-CL separated by electrophoresis in workers with hyperlipidemia or abnormal electrocardiogram findings were shown to be at significantly high levels. Furthermore, beta-CL values in workers with abnormal circulatory findings were especially inclined to be elevated with increased cigarette smoking or fat intake. PMID- 6668724 TI - [Uptake, elimination and metabolism of tetrachloroethylene in dogs]. AB - Fifteen dogs were made to inhale tetrachloroethylene at concentrations of 700, 1,500, 2,000 ppm for one hour, and the changes in its concentrations in the expired air, the arterial blood, the venous blood and its metabolites (trichloroacetic acid (TCA), free-trichloroethanol (F-TCE) ) in the serum and the urine were measured from the beginning of exposure until two hours after it had been terminated. The results obtained were as follows. Levels of cumulative intake of tetrachloroethylene after one hour (i.e., at the termination of the inhalation) were 47 mg/kg for 700 ppm, 79 mg/kg for 1,500 ppm and 103 mg/kg for 2,000 ppm. Mean cumulative excretion ratio against the total intake two hours after the termination of the inhalation was 69% as the average for the three exposure levels. Mean ratio of the total absorption to the total intake for one hour was 23% as the average for the three levels. Using the above results, the authors did the multiple regression analysis of cumulative absorption (Y1) as well as cumulative excretion (Y2) taking two independent variables (X) and (Insp. or Z), which are as follows. a) During the exposure period, Y1: cumulative absorption (mg/kg), X1: exposure duration (min), Insp.: levels of solvent value in the inspired air (microgram/ml), log Y1 = -2.2819 + 0.5681 log X1 + 0.8232 log Insp. b) During the post exposure period, Y2: cumulative amounts of solvent excreted (mg/kg), X2: time in minutes after exposure end (min), Z2: cumulative absorption when exposure ended (mg/kg), log Y2 = -2.016 + 0.6976 log X2 + 0.7397 log Z2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6668725 TI - [Estimation of drug-metabolizing enzyme activities by measuring urinary metabolites of aspirin]. AB - The effect of the inducers of drug-metabolizing enzymes on the urinary excretion of aspirin metabolites in rats was studied. As to the inducer, rats were administered polychlorinated biphenyls (KC-500: 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg b.w.), phenobarbital (80 mg/kg b.w.), or 3-methylcholanthrene (25 mg/kg) intraperitoneally once a day for three days. The rats were orally administered aspirin (50 mg/kg) on the second-10th day after the pre-treatment with each inducer, and the urine were collected respectively. Aspirin metabolites (salicylic acid, salicyluric acid, and gentisic acid) in the urine were simultaneously determined with high-performance liquid chromatography and the liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 was determined. The results obtained were as follows. Excretion rate of total gentisic acid and salicylate glucuronide in the urine collected for first 6 hours were increased significantly by the pre treatment with KC-500 or phenobarbital. In the pre-treated rats with various dose of KC-500, positive correlation was observed between the amount of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and the urinary excretion rate of gentisic acid (p less than 0.001). Salicylic acid hydroxylating activity of liver microsome was increased in the rats pretreated with KC-500, phenobarbital, or 3 methylcholanthrene. These results show that the increased urinary excretion of total gentisic acid and salicylate glucuronide may be due to the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. Therefore, it may be expected that these two aspirin metabolites are good indicators for the estimation of the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes in vivo. PMID- 6668726 TI - [Effects of alcohol drinking on mental task performance]. AB - The effects of low level alcohol in man were studied by several psychophysiological tests. Five male college students were tested on the battery of mental tasks involving Dot-Matrix, Signal Sound Detection, Choiced Reaction Time at three levels (33.5, 67.0, 134.0 ml : whisky) of alcohol dose. Alcohol concentration in breath, critical flicker fusion, heart rate and blinking counts were measured. Results obtained are as follows. Increase in the alcohol concentrations in breath and heart rate, decrease in the blinking counts are shown in proportion to alcohol dose level. Alcohol effects of least dose (33.5 ml) in this experiment are shown clearly on the condition of adding two subsidiary tasks to the main task. The results of this study suggest that the complex-task-method is useful to estimate the effects of low level alcohol to the psychophysiological functions in man. PMID- 6668727 TI - [Determination of trace metals in biological materials by iodides extraction and atomic absorption spectrometry]. AB - Extraction of arsenic, mercury, gold, silver, antimony, indium, bismuth, tellurium, cadmium, zinc and copper iodides with methylisobutylketone was examined in the sulfuric acid of concentrations from 0 to 15 normalities. Although, arsenic and zinc iodides were extracted from 6 to 12 normalities, extraction of other metal-iodides were carried out in more wide range of sulfuric acid concentrations almost from 2 to 12 normalities. Iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium iodides, these, being chief biological elements of inorganic substances, were not extracted in the least into methylisobutylketone layer from sulfuric acid solution. Copper and zinc were normal elements of biological materials and were extracted into methylisobutylketone layer by this procedures. The flame interferences of copper and zinc were not recognized in determinations of gold, silver, antimony, indium, bismuth, tellurium and cadmium. To investigate the influences of biological elements, mock solutions of human blood and urine were prepared. The addition of mock blood does not excessively interfere with determinations of arsenic, mercury, indium, bismuth, tellurium, cadmium, silver and antimony with the exception of gold. However, with addition of mock urine negative interferences were strongly seen in antimony determination, while in mercury, indium and silver determinations only slight interferences were observed. To examine the influences of sample preparation techniques, gold, silver, indium, cadmium and copper were treated both by wet ashing (nitric acid and sulfuric acid) and dry ashing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6668728 TI - [Inhibition rate of gamma-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in erythrocytes as a reliable index for individual workers of low lead exposure]. AB - As the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in erythrocytes is decreased by lead exposure, we considered that a net reduction of ALAD activity by lead in blood should be the difference between the activity fully activated with zinc (Zn2+) and dithiothreitol (DTT) and that without activation. The optimal condition of activation of ALAD was found by addition of 0.25 mM of Zn2+ and 10 mM of DTT in the reaction mixture. Judging from our previous results that the amount of inhibition of ALAD activity can be represented as the rate of inhibition and is closely correlated with the dose of lead administered to rabbits, the inhibition rate of ALAD activity and lead content in blood (Pb-B) of lead workers were measured. The scatter diagram obtained from the inhibition rate and lead content in blood has two groups being divided at 50 micrograms/ml of Pb B. In one group less than 50 micrograms/100 ml of Pb-B, the inhibition rate has been closely related to Pb-B., the regression equation being Y = 1.82 X + 11.7, and the correlation coefficient + 0.926. In another group more than 50 micrograms/100 ml of Pb-B the inhibition rate remained constant at the 90% level. Measurement of the inhibition rate suggests to have practical validity for monitoring lead exposure in workers, and by means of a nomograph lead content in blood can be estimated from the inhibition rate. PMID- 6668730 TI - A loop gas sampler for the determination of organic solvent vapors in industrial environments. PMID- 6668729 TI - [Effects of nutritive factors on rats given small dose of cadmium. (1) Results of blood examinations]. PMID- 6668731 TI - [Skin injury in a workman engaged in gamma-ray irradiation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)]. PMID- 6668733 TI - [Development of a walkway system to measure distance and temporal factors of gait and gait-analytical study through the system]. PMID- 6668732 TI - [Legal and ethical aspects of occupational medicine]. PMID- 6668735 TI - [New plethysmography for measuring limb blood flow using RI]. PMID- 6668736 TI - [Basic study of a catheter-tip micromanometer utilizing a single polarization fiber]. PMID- 6668734 TI - [Experimental study of a pacemaker with feedback mechanism controlled by body temperature]. PMID- 6668737 TI - [General purpose body surface potential mapping system]. PMID- 6668738 TI - [Approach to some famous painters' pathography by computer picture analysis]. PMID- 6668740 TI - Warning on a new potential for laboratory-acquired infections as a result of the new nomenclature for the plague bacillus. PMID- 6668739 TI - Anti-A and anti-B blood group antibody levels in relation to age in cynomolgus monkeys. AB - Anti-A and anti-B blood group antibody levels were determined with serum samples of 583 cynomolgus monkeys of group-A and group-B, aged from 4 days to 15 years or more. Eight group-A infants free from anti-B antibody at ages of 4 to 25 days were consecutively followed up for the appearance of anti-B antibody. It appeared at ages between 68 and 160 days. Both anti-A and anti-B levels rose with increase in the age and reached a maximum at the age of 4 to 5 years. After that the levels gradually fell with aging. PMID- 6668742 TI - [Long-term persistent hypocalcemia in a hemodialysis patient-- pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 6668741 TI - [Analysis of organic acids in uremic serum during intravenous infusion of essential amino acids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. PMID- 6668743 TI - [A case of uveitis associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis]. PMID- 6668744 TI - [Clinical significance of measuring alpha2-plasmin inhibitor levels in kidney diseases]. PMID- 6668745 TI - [Effect of protein binding inhibitor on cultivated lymphocytes in uremic patients]. PMID- 6668746 TI - [Contrast media induced acute renal failure in diabetic patients-- risk factors]. PMID- 6668747 TI - [Experimental studies on membranous nephropathy. (1) Studies on morphology and pathogenesis of passive Heymann nephritis]. PMID- 6668748 TI - [Clinical study on the thyroid function in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 6668749 TI - Influence of argon laser treatment of glaucoma on corneal endothelium. AB - The morphometric study of the corneal endothelium was carried out by means of specular microscopy prior to and for one year following laser trabeculoplasty (LTP) or laser iridotomy. A significant increase in the endothelial cell size was demonstrated in 6 months after trabeculoplasty and in 3 months following iridotomy. The magnitude of increase in cell size following laser iridotomy was significantly correlated with the amount of laser energy delivered to the eye. However, such correlation was not demonstrated following LTP where the applied energy was kept fairly constant among the present treated cases. The increase in cell size failed to correlate with clinical factors including IOP before and after laser therapy, age and the presence or absence of endothelial burn. The treatment protocols using reduced energy are indicated to minimize endothelial damage induced by LTP or laser iridotomy. PMID- 6668750 TI - Mechanical responses and calcium movements in rabbit iris smooth muscles. AB - Ca movements in mechanical responses of the isolated sphincter and dilator muscles of the rabbit iris to some drugs were studied. D600, a Ca-blocker, was practically ineffective in doses which relax the vascular and intestinal smooth muscles, while other smooth muscle relaxants were effective on the iris muscles in the same doses as used for other smooth muscles. The contractile responses of both iris smooth muscles to K+ and acetylcholine were immediately abolished by Ca removal from the bath fluid, suggesting that these contractile responses were due to Ca influx. Furthermore, Ca-channels studied seem to be uninfluenced by D600. A residual response to norepinephrine was observed in the iris dilator muscle immersed in the Ca-free solution and the contractile response of the skinned fiber of this muscle to norepinephrine was also obtained at a low Ca solution. Accordingly, contraction of the dilator muscle by norepinephrine seems to be due mainly to a facilitation of the release of intracellularly sequestered Ca. PMID- 6668751 TI - Analysis of low molecular weight fractions in human senile cataractous lens. AB - Previous studies have suggested that changes occur in low molecular weight proteins during the progression of human senile cataract. In this report we have employed the reverse phase mode of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and characterized the patterns of changes in the fractions of low molecular weight substances. Two different types of cataractous lenses, brown and yellow types, were used. Classification of cataract stages in each type was determined by measuring the Na+/K+ ratio in each lens. The profile of low molecular weight substances loosely bound to the reverse phase column changed significantly during cataract progression. In the brown type cataractous lenses, however, the low molecular weight substances changed after the middle stage of cataract progression, while in the yellow type cataractous lenses, the changes started during the early stages of cataract development. These experiments demonstrated that the reverse phase mode of HPLC is a sensitive and specific method for characterization of the quantitative differences in low molecular weight compounds during the progression of human senile cataract. PMID- 6668753 TI - Innervation of melanocytes in choroid. AB - The innervation of the choroidal melanocytes of the rabbit was studied by transmission electron microscopy with the aid of 5-hydroxydopamine treatment. Three types of nerve terminals, which were classified as adrenergic, cholinergic, and non-adrenergic/non-cholinergic (NANC), were recognized in relation to melanocytes in the choroid. Morphologically, the contacts between these nerve terminals and melanocytes represent the fashion of synapse. Choroidal melanocytes of the rabbit thus seem to possess NANC as well as adrenergic and cholinergic innervation, although the functional significance of the NANC nerves remains obscure. PMID- 6668752 TI - Chromatofocusing for separation of human cataractous lens low molecular weight proteins. AB - Four low molecular weight proteins (i.e. beta s, gamma H, gamma L1 & gamma L2 crystallins) were separated from the human cataractous lens cortex using gel filtration and chromatofocusing. Each of these four crystallins possessed its own subfractions in the pH gradient between 7.4 and 4.0 by chromatofocusing procedures. Analyses of the chromatofocusing patterns have further characterized the four crystallins. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these crystallin subfractions showed the possible separation of the heterogeneous protein bands. PMID- 6668754 TI - Blood reflux into anterior chamber after trabeculectomy. AB - A total of 90 eyes of 73 patients with various types of glaucoma underwent trabeculectomy and were under follow-up for a period ranging from 6 months to 8 years, with a mean of 32 months. Gonioscopy was performed using a Goldmann two mirror contact lens; when at least one end of the internal trabeculectomy opening at the level of the trabecular tissue was free from iris adhesion the condition was designated as M1, and as M0 when the iris adhered to both ends of the opening. When the bottom of the trabeculectomy opening was visible, the condition was designated as H1, otherwise as H0. The condition of the trabeculectomy opening was then classified into three types, M1H1, M0H1 and M0H0; there were 40, 29 and 13 eyes, respectively, in each type, and in 8 eyes the condition was unclassifiable. On compression of the sclera with the base of the contact lens, a blood reflux into the anterior chamber from the vicinity of the cut ends of the Schlemm's canal was seen to occur in 22 out of 40 eyes with M1H1; this phenomenon was not observed in the other types. The incidence of the blood reflux was not correlated with the postoperative period, but intraocular pressure (IOP) control was significantly more successful in eyes with the blood reflux than those without this phenomenon. The IOP control was better in eyes with visible filtering bleb than in those without the bleb, and in eyes without the bleb, the IOP control was far superior in eyes with the blood reflux than in those without it. Tonography in selected eyes showed that the outflow facility was significantly higher in eyes with the blood reflux than in those without it. It was thought that aqueous filtration into the veins near the cut ends of the Schlemm's canal played a significant role in the IOP control after trabeculectomy. PMID- 6668755 TI - Orbital myositis simulating infectious cellulitis: report of two cases. AB - Two cases of orbital myositis simulating infectious cellulitis were reported, in which the diagnosis was made by CT scans, biopsy and laboratory findings of thyroid function. In both cases, ophthalmoscopy revealed partial occlusion of the central retinal vein and choroidal folds due to posterior scleritis. Histopathology of a biopsy specimen revealed infiltration of lymphocytes, eosinophils and plasma cells and perivasculitis which suggested an allergic origin of this disease. PMID- 6668756 TI - Vertical and oblique saccadic eye movements. AB - The peak velocities of saccadic eye movements (saccades) in vertical and horizontal directions were determined in 43 normal subjects using a television system which permits accurate tracing of the corneal image of a small light source. The average peak velocity of a 20 degree horizontal saccade was 420 degrees sec-1 which is in the range of previous reports. The peak velocities of 20 degree saccades were compared between right and left eyes, men and women, and among three age groups and four directions. The rightward saccade was faster than the leftward saccade. Age and sex differences were also found; the peak velocities were less in aged than in adult and they were lower in women than in men. Downward saccade was slower than abduction, adduction and upward saccades. In four normal subjects, oblique saccades were recorded with the same system. The saccades were divided into horizontal and vertical components. The relationship between the peak velocity of the horizontal components and the direction of saccades was studied. The horizontal components had the maximum velocity when the saccade was in the horizontal direction, and the velocity decreased as the obliquity of the direction increased. However, such a peak of the velocity direction relationship was not pronounced in the vertical components of the saccades, although the velocity of the vertical component showed the maximum in the vertical direction of the saccades. Transient adduction movement was found to be associated with vertical and oblique saccades. This adduction caused the trajectories of the saccades to deviate from linearity. The size of the adduction averaged 1.8 degrees for the 20 degree vertical saccade. Thus the vertical saccade system appears to have an involuntary association with the horizontal eye movement system. PMID- 6668757 TI - An assessment of overall "gain" of the O2-feedback control system with and without external dead space breathing. AB - Overall gain of the O2-ventilation feedback control system (GO2) was determined in 9 male and one female healthy subjects. GO2 progressively increased with decreasing end-tidal PO2 (PETO2). This value did not exceed the overall gain of the CO2-ventilation feedback system (GCO2) even at a PETO2 level of 40 mmHg, suggesting that hypoxic stimulation did not become predominant in the present experimental condition. With addition of 250 ml of external dead space, PETO2 decrement (delta PETO2 X actual) was experimentally observed. The delta PETO2 X actual thus obtained was found to be in good agreement with the PETO2 decrement deduced from GO2 (delta PETO2 X expected). This result was similar to that found in the PETCO2 change previously seen in normoxia. PMID- 6668758 TI - Reflex control of ventricular refractoriness in the nonischemic myocardium during coronary occlusion. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine whether activation of cardiac receptors and arterial baroreceptors by myocardial ischemia could elicit reflex alteration of the effective refractory period (ERP) of nonischemic ventricular myocardium in cats. Changes in ERP of nonischemic area of the right ventricle and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured during transient left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion in anesthetized cats. LAD coronary occlusion for 90 sec caused a small but significant shortening of ERP (maximal change = 2.5 +/- 2.3 msec) associated with a decrease in MAP. Vagotomy significantly augmented the shortening of ERP to -3.4 +/- 1.6 msec and attenuated the decrease in MAP. After selective cardiac sympathectomy, the reflex response in refractoriness was virtually abolished. In cats with sinoaortic denervation with intact sympathetic nerves, marked attenuation was observed in the reflex change in refractoriness, although the decrease in MAP was significantly greater. These results indicate that: (1) autonomic reflexes activated during acute myocardial ischemia shorten the refractory period of nonischemic ventricular myocardium; (2) the reflex response is predominantly mediated by enhancement of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity resulting from the reduced baroreceptor activity due to concurrent hypotension. PMID- 6668760 TI - The pressure-volume and stiffness-pressure relations in the isolated rabbit left ventricle. AB - A balloon was introduced into the isolated rabbit left ventricle with intraventricular volume being controlled by a feedback amplifier. Pressure-volume and stiffness-pressure relations were determined as intraventricular volume was changed. These ventricular relations were explained according to the theory of wall muscle mechanics. PMID- 6668759 TI - Sulbenicillin-induced kaliuresis in man. AB - The mechanism of kaliuresis induced by massive antibiotic administration was studied using alpha-sulfobenzyl penicillin (SBPC). In experimental group (n = 8), urinary electrolytes excretion were compared between following the infusion of 10 g SBPC in 200 ml water at a constant rate and following the infusion of 48 mmol of NaCl (equal to that contained in 10 g SBPC) in 200 ml water. For the control group, 96 mmol NaCl in 400 ml water was infused (n = 5). In the experimental group, urinary Na (UNaV) and urinary K excretion (UKV) increased relative to the control period. In the control group, UKV was not increased although UNaV was increased (p less than 0.05). UKV following SBPC infusion was correlated with UNaV (p less than 0.05) and urinary SBPC excretion (p less than 0.05). The ratio of urinary anion gap to urinary cation [1-(urinary Cl concentration/(urinary Na concentration + urinary K concentration))] was significantly increased following SBPC infusion (p less than 0.005) but not in the control group. This increase in anion gap is possibly due to urinary SBPC, which will be ionized over 90% as nonreabsorbable anion in maximally acidic urine. We conclude that the kaliuresis induced by massive SBPC administration in man is probably caused by the nonreabsorbable anion effect of SBPC itself. PMID- 6668761 TI - Influence of some GABAergic agents on nitrazepam-induced sleep in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). AB - The effects of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), bicuculline and amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA) on nitrazepam-induced sleep were studied in young chicks. GABA (200 3200 mg/kg) induced a marked sedation in young chicks. It also potentiated nitrazepam (1.6 mg/kg)-induced sleep. Bicuculline (1.25-5.00 mg/kg) effectively antagonized nitrazepam-induced sleep. In addition, it effectively antagonized GABA (1600 mg/kg)-induced potentiation of nitrazepam sleep. AOAA (2.5-7.5 mg/kg) delayed the onset of nitrazepam sleep, but significantly prolonged its duration. Nitrazepam (1.6 mg/kg) synchronized the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the hyperstriatum, optic tectum and reticular formation. Similarly, the electromyograph (EMG) activity was markedly reduced. GABA (1600 mg/kg) synchronized the EEG of the hyperstriatum, optic tectum and reticular formation while the EMG activity was reduced. Administration of GABA (1600 mg/kg) into nitrazepam (1.6 mg/kg)-pretreated chicks induced desynchronization of the EEG of the hyperstriatum, while the EEG of the reticular formation was synchronized. In addition, the EMG activity was reduced. Bicuculline (5 mg/kg) activated the EEG of the hyperstriatum; this effect was antagonized by GABA (1600 mg/kg). Similarly, GABA (1600 mg/kg)-induced decrease in EMG activity, synchronization of the EEG of the optic tectum and reticular formation was antagonized by bicuculline. The present data suggest that GABA potentiated nitrazepam-induced behavioral and electroencephalographical sleep. PMID- 6668762 TI - Pharmacological activities of a kinin released from rat plasma by catheptic enzyme in rat stomach. AB - A kinin (material c), which was different from kallidin, methionyl-lysyl bradykinin (MLBK), bradykinin (BK) and neurotensin, released from rat plasma by the kinin-forming enzyme in rat stomach was pharmacologically compared with BK and histamine or serotonin (5-HT) in various in vitro and in vivo systems. Material c produced contraction of isolated rat uterus, rat fundic strip, isolated guinea-pig ileum and guinea-pig tracheal chain; increased the vascular permeability of guinea-pig skin to circulating Evans blue; and produced a fall in rabbit blood pressure. Such effects were also produced by BK, but both were clearly discriminated by their quantitatively different activities. Histamine was not effective on isolated rat uterus, isolated rat duodenum, rat fundic strip, and rabbit blood pressure; produced contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum and guinea-pig tracheal chain; and increased the vascular permeability of guinea-pig skin; but these activities were quantitatively different from those of material c. The contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum elicited by histamine was sustained until it was removed from the bath, but those provoked by material c and BK gradually faded. 5-HT was qualitatively different from material c and BK with respect to contracting isolated rat duodenum. 5-HT also produced contraction of isolated rat uterus and rat fundic strip and produced a fall in rabbit blood pressure, but these activities were quantitatively different from those of material c and BK. As mentioned above, material c was quantitatively and qualitatively different from histamine and 5-HT. PMID- 6668763 TI - Crescentic type nephritis induced by anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) serum in rats. AB - An experimental model of crescentic type nephritis was established by immunizing rats that had been given at i.v. nephritogenic dose (0.4 ml/animal) of rabbit anti-rat glomerular basement membrane (GBM) serum [anti-GBM serum] with 5 mg of rabbit gamma-globulin in Freund's complete adjuvant, and the process of nephritis was investigated by means of biochemical, histopathological and immunopathological analyses. Rats treated with anti-GBM serum and then with rabbit gamma-globulin (group II) showed significantly high levels or a tendency for high levels of urinary protein content, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity and plasmin-like activity from the 20th day to the 40th day observations after the induction of nephritis, when compared to rats given anti-GBM serum alone (group I). On the 40th day, plasma urea nitrogen, cholesterol and fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in group II than in group I. Glomerular histopathological examination on the 40th day revealed that the incidence and the degree of severity of crescent formation, adhesion of capillary walls to Bowman's capsule and fibrinoid degeneration were remarkably greater in group II than in group I. However, no significant difference was seen between both groups on the thickening of capillary walls and mesangial proliferation. Linear deposits of rabbit IgG and rat IgG along the capillary walls as well as fibrinogen-reactive material deposits in Bowman's capsular spaces were observed by the immunofluorescence technique in both groups. The deposition of fibrinogen reactive materials was considerably greater in group II than in group I. Moreover, the deposition of rat IgG was slightly greater in group II. These results suggest that the nephritis of group II closely resembles rapidly progessive glomerulonephritis in humans and thus seems to be an adequate experimental model for screening beneficial drugs on this type of nephritis. PMID- 6668764 TI - gamma-butyrolactone enhances the activity of GABA in the gastric acid secretion of anesthetized rats. AB - Influences of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) on GABA agonists-induced gastric acid secretion were studied in anesthetized rats. GBL potentiated the effect of GABA and GABA agonists on gastric acid secretion, and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, a metabolite of GBL, tended to enhance the effect of GABA. However, GBL did not influence 2-deoxy-D-glucose- or bethanechol-stimulated acid secretion. A benzodiazepine, diazepam, also increased the secretagogue action of baclofen. A GABA antagonist, bicuculline, but not picrotoxin, inhibited the acid secretion stimulated by the combination of GBL and GABA or muscimol. Aminooxyacetic acid, an inhibitor of GABA transaminase, potentiated the effect of GABA. Dopamine receptor agonists and antagonist did not modify the effect of GABA. Neither GABA mimetic action of GBL nor its influences on the dopaminergic system are involved in the effect of the compound on gastric acid secretion. Although the possibility that GBL inhibits GABA degradation is not excluded, the compound appears to increase the sensitivity of GABA receptor to GABA mimetics in the gastric acid secretion. PMID- 6668766 TI - Studies on the pharmacological bases of fetal toxicity of drugs (IV). Effect of endotoxin and starvation on serum protein binding of salicylic acid in pregnant rats. AB - Our previous paper reported that the fetotoxic effects of aspirin (ASA) were enhanced by bacterial endotoxin (LPS), and the effects of ASA were attributed to its major metabolite, salicylic acid (SA), as indicated by high SA concentrations in fetus and placenta. In order to clarify the mechanisms of the enhancement by LPS, serum total protein, albumin and free fatty acid (FFA) levels and SA-binding capacity of serum protein were investigated in pregnant rats. The following results were obtained: 1) FFA levels increased steadily after day 16 of pregnancy, and SA-binding capacity of serum protein decreased gradually after day 18, as the pregnancy proceeded to full term. 2) LPS injection decreased total protein and albumin levels in normal and starved rats on day 15 of pregnancy. 3) Starvation and/or LPS injection potentiated the increase of FFA level and reduced significantly SA-binding capacity of serum protein in the rats on day 15 of pregnancy. 4) Serum protein showing low SA-binding capacity from LPS-treated rats recovered normal SA-binding capacity when FFA was removed from serum protein by charcoal treatment. These data suggested the decrease of the SA-protein binding in serum by the increased level of FFA, an inhibitor of the binding, and the decreased level of albumin as a possible mechanism for the potentiation of the fetotoxicities of ASA by LPS. PMID- 6668765 TI - Double-peaked positive chronotropic responses of isolated and cross-perfused dog atria to ATP. AB - The effects of a large amount of adenosine and ATP (100 to 3000 micrograms) were investigated on sinus rate and developed tension, using the isolated dog atrium which was perfused with arterial blood from a heparinized donor dog. Each of the substances used for study was administered into the cannulated sinus node artery of the isolated atrium. Adenosine caused monophasic negative chronotropic and inotropic effects in a dose-related manner. However, ATP induced two-peaked positive chronotropic phases during a long-lasting negative chronotropic phase, i.e., initially, brief positive (t-1) effects and secondarily, relatively longer positive chronotropic (t-2) effects. These responses were repetitively induced during the experiment. The t-1 and t-2 were not influenced by treatment with propranolol which significantly blocked the positive chronotropic effect of norepinephrine. Aminophylline treatment significantly suppressed t-2 but not t-1. Quinidine (100-1000 micrograms) did not affect either the t-1 or t-2. It is suggested that ATP-induced tachycardia in the dog is partially due to activation of the P1-purinoceptors named by Burnstock. PMID- 6668767 TI - Anti-tumor effect of new 5-fluorouracil derivatives and their influences on the immune response. AB - Authors have previously shown that alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine (alpha-MPG) and sodium dipropylacetate (DPA) facilitate immunity as well as host-mediated anti tumor activity. In this study, we found that a compound related to alpha-MPG and DPA, (2-n-propyl-n-pentanoyl)glycine (KN-539), inhibited the growth of E.L.4 lymphosarcoma transplanted in C57BL/6 mice and further investigated the anti tumor effects of 1-(4-carboxy-n-neptyl)-5-FU (KN-826) and 1-(4 carboxymethylaminocarbonyl-n-heptyl)-5-FU (KN-827), in which DPA and KN-539 were combined, respectively, to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). KN-827 showed stronger anti tumor activity than KN-826, and it was also effective with oral administration. Although KN-827 demonstrated anti-tumor activity two to three times weaker than N1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-FU (FT-207), KN-827 did not reduce the blood leukocyte count and the number of spleen cells. Furthermore, KN-827 stimulated the production of the hemolytic plaque forming cell (HPFC) in the spleen of mice immunized with sheep-erythrocytes. In contrast, FT-207 and 5-FU obviously reduced not only HPFC-production but also the number of spleen cells. PMID- 6668768 TI - Effect of amino acids and monoamines on the neuronal activity of suprachiasmatic nucleus in hypothalamic slice preparations. AB - Influences of amino acids and monoamines on the single unit discharges of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were investigated using hypothalamic slice preparations. Iontophoretic application of GABA inhibited 90% and taurine inhibited 40% of SCN neurons, while glycine inhibited only 4%. L-glutamate excited about 50% of the neurons. Serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine inhibited 30, 22 and 26% of the SCN neurons, respectively. Amino acid effects were observed equally in both the ventrolateral part of the SCN and the remaining part of it, while monoamine effects were observed preferentially in the ventrolateral part of the SCN where the optic fibers and serotonin nerves terminated. These results suggest that amino acids and monoamines modulate the neuronal activity of the SCN through their direct effects. PMID- 6668769 TI - Effects of zopiclone and benzodiazepines on spinal reflexes, anemic decerebrate rigidity and benzodiazepine binding. AB - Whether or not zopiclone, a new sleep-inducing drug, exerted a similar effect to that of benzodiazepines was examined. The drug inhibited crossed extensor reflexes in chicks and augmented the dorsal root-dorsal root reflexes in rats without affecting the mono- and polysynaptic reflexes. The site of its action was considered to be located in the spinal cord since the effect on the dorsal root reflex was observed also in the spinal rats. Zopiclone selectively reduced the phasic responses of anemic decerebrate rigidity like benzodiazepines in rats. Despite the structural difference from the benzodiazepines, zopiclone dose dependently inhibited [3H]flunitrazepam binding in rat brain membranes, although the potency was weaker. These results suggested that zopiclone exerts CNS actions via benzodiazepine receptors. PMID- 6668770 TI - Effect of mercurials on lipid peroxidation in rabbit renal cortical mitochondria. PMID- 6668771 TI - Subacute studies on hemodynamic effects of propranolol in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). PMID- 6668772 TI - A case of strut fracture of the new Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis. AB - We treated a 61-year-old Japanese man with a strut fracture of the new Bjork Shiley mitral valve. This fracture occurred about two months after mitral valve replacement. Emergency reoperation was performed as soon as the chest X-ray showed the fracture, despite the presence of cardiopulmonary shock. He died on the 3rd postoperative day. Similar reported cases of literature are reviewed. PMID- 6668773 TI - Cardiomyotomy and fundoplication for esophageal achalasia. AB - To avoid gastroesophageal reflux which is reported to occur in about 4-25 per cent after Heller esophago-cardiomyotomy, a modified gastro-fundoplication was designed using a transabdominal approach. Forty patients with idiopathic esophageal achalasia were subjected to this surgery. There were no serious complications and suppression of dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux manifestations were excellent. PMID- 6668774 TI - Possible role of lymph node dissection in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer with disseminating peritoneal metastasis. AB - qathological background factors of patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastasis were studied. In palliatively gastrectomized patients, there was a close relationship between the extent of cancer invasion to the gastric serosa and postoperative survival; the less extensive the serosal invasion, the longer was the survival time. The relationship between the extent of lymph node dissection and postoperative survival showed that, in the presence of metastasis to Group 1 and 2 lymph nodes, many of the long-term survivors had undergone dissection of these lymph nodes. Although a sweeping conclusion should be avoided since retrospective analysis forms the basis of this report, it is assumed that in patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastasis, surgery should not be confined to resection of the primary focus, but should include regional lymph node dissection. PMID- 6668775 TI - Combination chemotherapy enhances survival of patients with unresectable gastric cancer. AB - Of 177 Japanese patients with a gastric cancer which could not be resected and seen at our institution during the period from 1964 to 1979, 153 were investigated with regard to the efficacy of anticancer agents, in terms of prolongation of life. The average survival time was 23 weeks in the combination chemotherapy group (57 cases), 17 weeks in the single drug chemotherapy group (42 cases) and 13 weeks in no chemotherapy group (54 cases). Three and 6 month survival rates in the overall patients were 57.1 per cent and 16.7 per cent for single drug chemotherapy group, and 37.0 per cent and 11.1 per cent for no chemotherapy group, while in the combination chemotherapy group, the rates were higher at 64.9 per cent and 29.8 per cent, respectively (combination chemotherapy vs. no chemotherapy group, p less than 0.05). In patients with peritoneal dissemination, hepatic metastasis and carcinomatous ascites, there was a significant difference in survival rates between those prescribed combination chemotherapy and those given no chemotherapy (p less than 0.05). Of 57 in the combination chemotherapy group, 6 and 9 month survival rates were 45.5 per cent and 22.7 per cent in the postoperative long-term cancer chemotherapy (PLCC) group (22 cases), such being higher than other combination chemotherapy group (35 cases), 22.9 per cent and 11.4 per cent, respectively. There was a significant difference in the survival rates between the two groups (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6668776 TI - Extraction of retained gallstones using a fiber-choledochoscope through a PTC drainage fistula. AB - After unsuccessful attempts to completely remove gallstones, endoscopic papillotomy was carried out to remove the stones after closure of the T-tube tract. We treated two patients with successful extraction of retained gallstones using a fiber-choledochoscope through a percutaneous transhepatic cholangio drainage (PTCD) fistula. This technique can be applied in cases when endoscopic papillotomy cannot be performed or for patients who are poor risks for repeat surgery. PMID- 6668777 TI - Anal sphincter function and rectal reservoir after sphincter saving operations for carcinoma of the rectum. AB - Anal sphincter function and rectal reservoir were studied in 27 patients after low anterior resection, in 6 after Welch or Turnbull type pull-through surgery and in 3 after Bacon type pull-through surgery. Sixteen patients who had undergone right hemicolectomy served as a control group. Anal sphincter function immediately after low anterior resection was diminished, but improved during the following 6 months. Rectal capacity was much reduced immediately after surgery, but increased with time, and the neorectum could to some extent adapt to its new role as a reservoir. After pull-through operations, anal canal pressure and rectal compliance were significantly lower than after low anterior resection or right hemicolectomy. These findings may explain the increased frequency of bowel action after pull-through operations. PMID- 6668778 TI - Multiple primary cancers: with reference to atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima. AB - We treated 44 patients with multiple primary cancers, at the Second Department of Surgery, Hiroshima University, during the 14 year period from 1968-1981. The total number of malignant tumors was 1,934 during this period, thus the incidence of multiple primary cancers was 2.3 per cent. Nine of the 44 were atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and were characterized by the frequent incidence of the second tumor about 30 years after exposure to the atomic bomb. In addition, the second tumor tended to develop later in patients prescribed radiotherapy for the first tumor. As for the site of tumor, there was no tendency of more frequent development of tumors in organs highly sensitive to radiation other than the thyroid. PMID- 6668779 TI - Myonephropathic-metabolic syndrome as a complication of cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - We encountered eight rare cases of myonephropathic metabolic syndrome (MNMS) which developed as a complication of the femoral arterial cannulation (FAC) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Seven were boys ranging in age from 4-17 years, and all had undergone open heart surgery using CPB with a hemodilution technique. These eight corresponded to 1.9 per cent of the 420 patients treated with CPB before June, 1974. The pump priming fluid used was either Ringer's lactate solution alone or that containing a small amount of colloidal solution. Duration of CPB ranged from 52 min to 2 hrs and 42 min, but the FAC period was more than 3 hrs in each case. Acute renal failure occurred in 3 and 2 required peritoneal dialysis. Severe respiratory insufficiency occurred in 2 and one died 3 months after the operation. The most effective means to prevent the development of MNMS seems to be the local cooling of the cannulated limb during FAC. MNMS did not occur in 444 cases of CPB with FAC after July 1974, and here local cooling was applied in all cases. PMID- 6668780 TI - Surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients over seventy years old. AB - Aneurysmectomy is generally the first choice as treatment in most patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. However, justification of surgical procedures in the aged has been questioned, because of the risk which increases with chronologic age. In the present study, our experience with patients over 70 who underwent abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy is discussed. Forty patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm underwent surgery in our institution up to January, 1983. Ten of these patients were 70 years or older. Operation was performed electively in 6 and as an emergency in 4. The one operative death (10 per cent) was the case of a 74-year old woman with a ruptured aneurysm. The operative mortality was 17.5 per cent in patients under 70 years of age. It would appear that advanced age, per se, is not a contraindication for abdominal aneurysmectomy. PMID- 6668781 TI - Choledochal cyst following operation for idiopathic perforation of the biliary tract in childhood. AB - Three patients with idiopathic perforation of the biliary tract who had been treated by a drainage procedure, had a choledochal cyst during 2-8 years of follow up. In all patients, anomaly of pancreaticobiliary duct was revealed by cholangiography and/or retrograde cholangiopancreaticography. It was strongly suggested that biliary perforation in childhood and congenital choledochal cyst are common in pathogenesis and that an anomalous arrangement may play an important causative role. PMID- 6668782 TI - Histology of the healing process after total colectomy, mucosal proctectomy and ileo-anostomy. AB - Total colectomy, mucosal proctectomy and ileo-anostomy were performed on 10 dogs to observe the healing process of the space between the rectal muscle cuff and the pulled through ileum. Adhesion was complete in six cases. The ileal and rectal muscle layers were well preserved, but two weeks after the surgery the healing was not completed. One month after the operation, there was little scar formation between the rectal muscle cuff and the ileum, in the absence of infection. If there was infection between the ileum and the rectal muscle cuff, abscess and scar formation was seen even one month after the operation. This operation is thought to be rational from a histological viewpoint and the most important factor is the prevention of infection in the space between the ileum and rectal muscle cuff. PMID- 6668783 TI - Preoperative transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization for locally advanced breast cancer. Application of new thrombotic materials. AB - The anticancer drugs, Adriamycin and Mitomycin were individually immobilized on absorbable gelatin materials, together with a blood clotting factor, Factor XIII and thrombin, using a special technique. The materials were applied as thrombotic agents in preoperative therapeutic transcatheter arterial embolization for patients with locally advanced breast cancer. This approach to preoperative management proved to be superior to intra-arterial infusion therapy currently applied in various clinics. PMID- 6668784 TI - [Long-term treatment of arterial hypertension with a new combined preparation obsilazin]. AB - Thirty-three patients with essential hypertension and two with symptomatic arterial hypertension (Stage I-III) were treated for about two years with the drug obsilazin containing 50 mg propranolol and 50 mg dihydralazin per tablet (the maximum average dose of each drug was 174 mg/day). In 18 patients (51.4%), the arterial pressure returned to normal; in 16 (45.7%) it dropped by more than 10% and one patient showed no response to the treatment. The decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure averaged 20%. The hypotensive effect of obsilazin lasted for several years, attended by no paradoxical reactions on the part of arterial pressure. In individual treatment-refractory cases, the hypotensive effect of obsilazin was strengthened by adding disostate into the treatment modality studied. PMID- 6668785 TI - [Water-electrolyte and hemodynamic aspects of the lasix test in patients with various courses of hypertension]. AB - Forty-two hypertensive patients and seven controls were subjected to the lasix test (20 mg intravenously) followed by the assessment of the time-course of water and electrolytes excretion as well as by arterial pressure measurements. Prior to the test the authors, using isotopic and non-isotopic dilutions, determined the indices of central hemodynamics and sodium, potassium and water distribution in the body. In more than 60% of the patients, the diuretic, sodium- and potassiumuretic response to the administration of lasix was higher than in control. In the patients with essential hypertension, the nature of this response did not depend on the initial level of the arterial pressure, cardiac index, rate of glomerular filtration, content of the total metabolic sodium and potassium, or on the amount and distribution of water in the extracellular and intracellular spaces of the body. The patients with an excessive response to lasix had a significantly lower baseline urine excretion of stable sodium, a higher sodium concentration in the red blood cells and, in cases of stable hypertension, a higher activity of plasma renin as well. Modifications in hypotensive therapy are proposed in relation to the response to lasix administration. PMID- 6668786 TI - [Self-control of blood pressure for the purpose of increasing the effectiveness of ambulatory treatment of arterial hypertension]. AB - A method of blood pressure self-control was used in a random sample of males aged 40-59, with persistently increased BP (greater than or equal to 160/95 mmHg at two visits), as identified by an epidemiologic study. Daily BP self-control exercised for 2-5 weeks as supplementary to conventional hypotensive treatment (hypothiazide and clophelin) contributed to the recovery of normal BP values within 4.57 +/- 0.69 days, on the average. After one year of such practice, the efficiency of treatment reached 46.8%, as compared to the 20% in the control group, while the disability rate decreased. Indications have been developed for out-patient application of the self-control techniques. PMID- 6668787 TI - [Prospective evaluation of hemodynamic changes in patients with hypertension]. AB - Central hemodynamic changes were investigated in 88 patients with essential hypertension after 5-year supervision. With adequate treatment the circulation type common to a given form of hypertension was basically preserved so that no hemodynamic changes were noted. The natural course of the disease was associated with considerably increased total peripheral resistance, while eu- and hypokinetic, instead of hyperkinetic, circulation gradually began to prevail in patients with labile hypertension. Plasma renin activity and renal cortical blood flow decreased. These changes are conducive to the stabilization and progress of arterial hypertension. PMID- 6668788 TI - [Blood pressure and pulse rate in schoolchildren of Tyumen]. AB - Heart rate and blood pressure were examined in children aged 7 to 17 years. These parameters showed considerable variability as related to sex, age and systemic hormonal transformations. The proportion of subjects with vascular tonicity disorders was established. PMID- 6668789 TI - [Primary arterial hypertension as cellular membrane pathology]. PMID- 6668790 TI - [Various characteristics of erythrocyte membrane proteins in rats with spontaneous hypertension]. AB - Differential scanning microcalorimetry demonstrated an increase in specific heat capacity of erythrocyte membranes of spontaneously-hypertensive rats around 63 degrees C (C-transition). Disc electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulphate showed the percentage of band 3 peptides to be increased in relation to all membrane peptides in these membranes. It is suggested that the elevated content of band 3 peptides, which are known to participate in the formation of anion channels in mammalian erythrocyte membranes, may be one of the causes of increased specific heat of C-transition. PMID- 6668791 TI - [Characteristics of lactate metabolism in the myocardium of patients with auricular fibrillation]. AB - Coronary arteriovenous difference in lactate was measured in 20 patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and coronaroangiographic evidence of unchanged coronary arteries before and after the recovery of sinus rhythm by electric-pulse treatment (EPT); and in 15 patients with neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) and intact cardiac rhythm, subjected to the atrial stimulation test (AST). Before EPT, the majority of atrial fibrillation patients exhibited myocardial lactate production, which was particularly pronounced in patients with prolonged (over 6 months) duration of fibrillation. After the sinus rhythm was recovered, lactate production was replaced by lactate extraction. None of the NCD patients showed lactate production in spite of high AST-induced heart rates. Both the heart rate and the pattern of intracardiac and coronary hemodynamics may be involved in disrupted lactate metabolism in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and intact coronary arteries. PMID- 6668792 TI - [Experimental and clinical use of artificial heart ventricles]. AB - The paper sums up experience with the development of a domestic system for auxiliary circulation and a module-type artificial ventricle, and presents the results of their experimental trial and first-ever clinical use in patients with severe heart failure following open-heart surgery. Good operational characteristics and high efficiency of this equipment in clinical as well as experimental terms are demonstrated. PMID- 6668793 TI - [Fatty acid absorption in the heart of male mongrel dogs]. AB - Cardiac absorption of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and acids making part of cholesterol and triglyceride ethers from the bloodstream of male dogs was investigated. Changes were assessed on the basis of arteriovenous difference between fatty acid content in lipid fractions of the heart's in- and outflow. The dogs on predominantly animal-fat diets showed outflow changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of most NEFA, which provide energy substrate, and in the fatty-acid composition of potential NEFA suppliers--cholesterol and triglyceride ethers. PMID- 6668794 TI - [Successful treatment of atrial flutter in a patient with renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 6668795 TI - [Atrioventricular block on 2 levels: bradydependent nodal Samoilov-Wenckenbach period and fixed block of the 1st degree in the three-bundle area]. PMID- 6668796 TI - [Reflexion on the relations of the child and society (social pediatrics) in pediatric standard works]. PMID- 6668797 TI - [Unusual complications of poliomyelitis vaccination]. PMID- 6668798 TI - [Ambulatory management of the recurrent nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6668799 TI - [Roentgenologic aspects in hemoperitoneum of the newborn infant]. PMID- 6668800 TI - [Haemiton eye drop poisoning in three small children]. PMID- 6668801 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of primary abscessing pneumonia in childhood]. PMID- 6668802 TI - [Principles of infant nutrition. III. Recommendations for the practice of infant nutrition]. PMID- 6668803 TI - [Significance of postangiocardiographic excretory urography for diagnosis of kidney abnormalities in infants and children with congenital heart defects]. PMID- 6668804 TI - [Intrathoracic goiter]. PMID- 6668805 TI - [Experimental microsurgical alloneurotransplantation]. PMID- 6668806 TI - [Risk factors for disorders in renal and upper urinary tract function after reconstructive surgery for occlusive lesions of the aorto-iliac segment]. PMID- 6668807 TI - [Stable-functional osteosynthesis in fractures of the distal epimetaphysis of the femur]. PMID- 6668808 TI - [Anesthesia for emergency and planned reconstructive microsurgery]. PMID- 6668809 TI - [Surgical treatment of goiter in the Carpathian region]. PMID- 6668811 TI - [Cervico-retrosternal and intrathoracic goiter: diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6668810 TI - [Neurosurgical tactics in gunshot wounds of the sagittal-parasagittal region with damage to the dural sinuses]. PMID- 6668812 TI - [Experience with the use of peridural anesthesia in a central regional hospital]. PMID- 6668813 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia during fluothane anesthesia]. PMID- 6668814 TI - [Peridural anesthesia in a general hospital. Hazards and complications]. PMID- 6668815 TI - [Surgical treatment of aberrant goiter]. PMID- 6668816 TI - [Effect of economical surgery in nodular euthyroid goiter on the status of the pituitary-thyroid system]. PMID- 6668817 TI - [Echinococcosis of the kidney]. PMID- 6668818 TI - [Fournier's syndrome]. PMID- 6668819 TI - [Rare case of a hormonally-inactive malignant tumor of the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 6668820 TI - [Rare case of hormonally-inactive pheochromoblastoma]. PMID- 6668821 TI - [Arthroscopic diagnosis and removal of a foreign body of the knee joint]. PMID- 6668822 TI - [Status of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-thyroid system during surgical treatment of euthyroid forms of nodular goiter]. PMID- 6668823 TI - [Modification of cross extraperitoneal shunt in occlusive lesions in the aortofemoral zone]. PMID- 6668824 TI - [Experimental evaluation of human umbilical cord veins as material for cardiovascular surgery]. PMID- 6668826 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of ventricular septal defects with aortic valve insufficiency]. PMID- 6668825 TI - [Cryodestruction of the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)]. PMID- 6668827 TI - [Protection of the brain from ischemia during reconstruction in occlusive lesions of the aortic arch branches]. PMID- 6668828 TI - [Surgical treatment of aortic coarctation in childhood and adolescence]. PMID- 6668829 TI - [External drainage of the thoracic duct in the complex treatment of acute circulatory disorders of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6668830 TI - [Control of the adequacy of infusion therapy after operations on the major blood vessels]. PMID- 6668831 TI - [Heart valve prosthesis after mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 6668832 TI - [Immunotherapy of secondary immunologic deficiency states in patients with rheumatic heart disease]. PMID- 6668833 TI - [Embolectomy in pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 6668834 TI - [Combined surgical interventions in surgical practice]. PMID- 6668835 TI - [Surgical treatment of myasthenia gravis in children]. PMID- 6668836 TI - [Rethoracotomy after lung resection]. PMID- 6668837 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute suppurative diseases of the lungs and pleura in children]. PMID- 6668838 TI - [Immunomicrobiologic aspects of acute empyema in children]. PMID- 6668839 TI - [Acute ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract after heart surgery]. PMID- 6668840 TI - [Suppurative mediastinitis after esophageal perforation by an esophagoscope]. PMID- 6668841 TI - [Rethoracotomy in atelectasis]. PMID- 6668842 TI - [Experimental study and first experience with the clinical use of modified reinforced arterial xenografts]. PMID- 6668843 TI - [Infusion therapy of thermal shock]. PMID- 6668844 TI - [Modification of the Pitanguy method of reduction mammaplasty--planning and surgical technic (preliminary report)]. PMID- 6668845 TI - [Use of autotransfusion in planned cardiovascular surgery]. PMID- 6668846 TI - [Treatment of rhythm disorders with falicard in pulmonary resection patients in the early postoperative period]. PMID- 6668847 TI - [Enzyme studies in closed thoracic injuries]. PMID- 6668848 TI - [Indications for the surgical treatment of calculous cholecystitis, differing views and their impact]. PMID- 6668849 TI - [Dispensary care after surgery for hepatic echinococcosis]. PMID- 6668850 TI - [The problem of abdominal actinomycosis]. PMID- 6668851 TI - [Surgical technic decisions in duodenal ulcer situated in the vicinity of the papilla of Vater and on the papilla itself]. PMID- 6668852 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma (case report)]. PMID- 6668853 TI - [Microbiologic studies of closed-wound drainage following urologic surgery]. PMID- 6668854 TI - [Prevention and treatment of intestinal paralysis in peritonitis]. PMID- 6668855 TI - [Sudden death in echinococcosis of the heart with a case report]. PMID- 6668856 TI - [Case of hemobilia]. PMID- 6668857 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of tumorous cysts of the pancreas--apropos of 1 case]. PMID- 6668858 TI - [Bilateral cancer of the breast]. PMID- 6668859 TI - [Massive infarction of the spleen presenting as an abdominal tumor]. PMID- 6668860 TI - [Rare case of primary melanoma of the small intestine]. PMID- 6668861 TI - [Exocrine pancreatectomy in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6668862 TI - [Modified method of closure of the duodenal stump]. PMID- 6668863 TI - [Immunodiagnosis of echinococcosis. I. Comparative evaluation of various serologic methods in echinococcosis]. PMID- 6668865 TI - [3-ray stellate forehead skin flap]. PMID- 6668866 TI - [Treatment of stress incontinence in women by the Goebell-Stoeckel method]. PMID- 6668864 TI - [Surgical correction of the aging face]. PMID- 6668867 TI - [Changes in serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels after surgery on patients with diseases of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 6668868 TI - [Pseudopolyposis and familial diffuse polyposis of the colon and rectum- diagnosis and surgical treatment]. PMID- 6668869 TI - [Lavage cytology studies in the diagnosis of urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract]. PMID- 6668870 TI - [Congenital megaduodenum--apropos of 1 case]. PMID- 6668871 TI - [Rare case of carcinoid of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 6668872 TI - [Rare complication of intestinal fistula]. PMID- 6668873 TI - [Case of triple attempt at suicide]. PMID- 6668874 TI - [Case of the early stage of cardiospasm treated with epidural novocaine blockade]. PMID- 6668875 TI - [Cavernous hemangioma of the spleen]. PMID- 6668876 TI - [Comparative vision tests using objective and subjective testing methods in amblyopia]. AB - In 20 amblyopic eyes without reading ability a comparison was made between the visual acuity found by subjective tests and with the Catford Visual Acuity Apparatus, Kotowski's Visumeter and Lotmar's Moire Visometer. These instruments all work on the basis of different physiological functions. The Kotowski Visumeter seems to be the best instrument for an expertise on the visual acuity of an amblyopic eye. With the test pattern moving from nasal to temporal the results corresponded to the patients reading ability in 16 cases (80%); 4 patients had poorer vision. With the checkerboard pattern moving temporonasally the average results were better than the patients' actual vision. The Catford apparatus gave results corresponding to the subjective reading test only in 12 cases (60%). Apparatus with interferometric scales are not suitable for objective visual testing of amblyopic subjects; the results they give are always much better than the actual vision of the patient. PMID- 6668877 TI - [Massive blenorrhea in a newborn infant caused by a Chlamydia trachomatis subtype]. AB - An 8-day-old baby girl was found to be suffering from massive blennorrhoea caused by a strain of Chlamydia trachomatis. Differential diagnosis included possible bacterial (e.g. Pseudomonas, Staphylococci and Haemophilus sp.) and viral causes of the disease. A 10-day systemic therapy with erythromycin 50 mg/kg/body weight is sufficient to prevent possible complications such as pneumonia. The parents also have to be treated for this disease. PMID- 6668878 TI - [Clinical course and differential diagnosis of lentiglobus posterior (case reports of 4 children)]. AB - Unilateral lentiglobus posterior was diagnosed in 3 boys and 1 girl between the ages of 2 months and 4 years. This anomaly of the shape of the lens was associated in three patients with a posterior polar opacity and a secondary exotrophia of the eye. The other morphological findings were normal and symmetrical as compared with the fellow eye. Three of the children underwent surgery (anterior capsulectomy, lens aspiration and planned posterior capsulectomy with anterior vitrectomy by a corneoscleral approach). The functional results following the use of continuous-wear contact lenses and alternating occlusion therapy were less disappointing than with other types of congenital unilateral cataract. The prognosis seems to be analogous to amblyopia ex anisometropia. Lentiglobus posterior may be recognized more often if the slit lamp of the operating microscope is used routinely in examination of these infants. The differential diagnosis to other anomalies of the shape of the lens and other congenital cataracts is discussed. PMID- 6668879 TI - [Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinemia in an African family]. AB - The authors report on a Kenyan family in which 4 of the 5 siblings were suffering from gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinemia. All the affected members of the family had myopia, hemeralopia, loss of vision and constricted visual fields but no cataract. To the authors' knowledge this is the first African family with gyrate atrophy to be reported. PMID- 6668880 TI - [Iridocyclectomy with scleral flap]. AB - In this paper the author describes a modification of iridocyclectomy. Before opening the bulbus and removing the malignant melanoma, a lamellar scleral flap is formed with its base at the limbus. After extirpation of the tumor the area is "plastically" covered with this flap. This modification was used on 5 patients; it produces a firmer scar and prevents the development of a staphyloma. PMID- 6668881 TI - [Trabeculectomy in buphthalmos]. AB - The author presents the results of 25 trabeculectomies performed for buphthalmos. The first operation normalized tension in 16 eyes. Reoperation was required in 1 out of 5 cases. Pressure was regulated in 100% of the favorable and 43% of the unfavorable cases. The authors experience has shown that trabeculectomy is an effective anti-buphthalmos operation, though the result depends to a large extent on the state of the affected eye. It is important to carry out the operation if possible in the first ten months of life, and by the end of the first year at the latest. PMID- 6668882 TI - [Laser trabeculoplasty in low-tension glaucoma]. AB - Eight patients suffering from bilateral low-tension glaucoma underwent laser trabeculoplasty on one eye; the contralateral eye was used as a control. Facility of outflow and the intraocular pressure in both eyes were measured before and after laser treatment. After laser trabeculoplasty a significant increase in outflow (means = 0.084 +/- 0.031) and a reduction in intraocular pressure (means = -4.13 +/- 1.25 mmHg) were observed. PMID- 6668884 TI - [Close-range retinoscopy using integrated optic range finding]. AB - A new type of retinoscope is described which permits all the theoretical advantages of close-range retinoscopy to be exploited in practice thanks to an integrated rangefinder which employs the coincident-image principle. PMID- 6668883 TI - [Vitreous body fluorophotometry following oral administration of dye. I. New version of a vitreous body fluorophotometer]. AB - A new type of vitreous fluorophotometer using a Haag-Streit 900 slitlamp is described. It offers a number of technical and operational advantages. In the photometric part, only commercially available components are used. The system has a custom-designed position indicator. A brief technical description of the calibration of the instrument is given. PMID- 6668885 TI - [Settlements of claims for eye injuries in private accident insurance companies]. AB - Claims made to private accident insurers for eye damage have to take possible correction with glasses into account. This verdict by the (Federal German) Supreme Court, which contradicted previous legal doctrine and two concordant court verdicts, confirms among other things the ophthalmological view that glasses are not a kind of prosthesis. This verdict thus brings jurisdiction back into line with legal opinion in the field of social welfare. PMID- 6668886 TI - [Intravenous radiological angiography of the orbit and eye. Experimental studies]. PMID- 6668887 TI - [Ultrasonographic and ophthalmodynamometric studies in the diagnosis of cerebral circulatory disorders. I. Materials and methods]. PMID- 6668888 TI - [Ultrasonographic and ophthalmodynamometric studies in the diagnosis of cerebral circulatory disorders. II. Results]. PMID- 6668889 TI - [Secondary retinal detachment in patients with chronic uremia]. PMID- 6668890 TI - [Microdensitometry of retinal fluorescein angiograms as a method of determining retinal circulation time]. PMID- 6668892 TI - [Diagnosis and surgery of advanced orbital neoplasms]. PMID- 6668891 TI - [Transciliary lensectomy]. PMID- 6668893 TI - [Usefulness of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of intraocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 6668894 TI - [Abortive form of Bourneville-Pringle syndrome in long-term follow-up]. PMID- 6668895 TI - [Gyrate atrophy of the retina and choroid from its biochemical aspects]. PMID- 6668896 TI - Clinical severity of tricuspid valve regurgitation as graded by contrast echocardiography. PMID- 6668897 TI - Avian schistosomiasis (paddy field dermatitis) in a rural city of Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. PMID- 6668898 TI - [Probability algorithm in the diagnosis of pneumonia after emergency operations on the abdominal organs]. PMID- 6668900 TI - [Case of spontaneous fracture of the rib with subsequent improvement in the condition of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6668899 TI - [Opisthorchiasis and internal diseases]. PMID- 6668901 TI - [Pneumoperitoneum after resuscitation of a patient with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6668902 TI - [2 cases of benign tumor of the trachea simulating bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6668903 TI - [Liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6668904 TI - [Sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs (diagnosis and treatment)]. PMID- 6668906 TI - [Clinical course, treatment and prevention of recurrences of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6668905 TI - [Steroid tuberculosis]. PMID- 6668907 TI - [Problems of esthetics in medicine]. PMID- 6668908 TI - [Concomitant diseases in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 6668909 TI - [Paraspecific manifestations of tuberculosis simulating systemic connective tissue diseases]. PMID- 6668910 TI - [Staphylococcal bacteremia in tuberculosis]. PMID- 6668911 TI - [Bronchial asthma (problems of nosologic definition and classification)]. PMID- 6668912 TI - [Microcirculatory disorders in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6668913 TI - [Current tactics in the treatment of acute bacterial pneumonia]. PMID- 6668914 TI - [Early etiotropic treatment of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 6668915 TI - [Clinico-laboratory characteristics of croupous pneumonia]. PMID- 6668916 TI - [Changes in the vital systems in infection]. PMID- 6668917 TI - [Increased food intake as a risk factor in bronchopulmonary disease]. PMID- 6668918 TI - [Early diagnosis of secondary pulmonary hypertension and cardiac insufficiency in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6668919 TI - Repeal of the Lepers Act, 1898. PMID- 6668920 TI - "Nose-blow" smears in multibacillary leprosy patients. AB - 332 nose-blow specimens have been examined from 73 untreated multibacillary patients of leprosy before and periodically after they were put on a maximal, minimal or an intermediate multi-drug regimen. 80% of these specimens were found to be positive for acid fast bacilli initially. Bacillary positivity rate was more in samples containing pus or blood. Bacilli were seen in LL, LI as well as BL patients. Nearly half of the cases became negative for AFB in their nose-blow specimens within 3 months of initiation of treatment whereas none of these patients has become negative in skin smears. However, a few cases have continued to discharge bacilli in their nasal secretions even after 12 months of multi-drug regimen therapy. PMID- 6668921 TI - Application of "tile reaction" test for screening dapsone in urine. AB - A modified tile reaction test for monitoring self administration of DDS by leprosy patients is described. 385 Urine samples collected at 24 hours after a single dose and at 24, 48 and 72 hours after daily doses of 25, 50, 100 mg were screened for the presence of DDS by this test and the corresponding DDS/C ratios were studied for comparison. Patients compliance was assessed on 268 urine specimens collected on surprise visits. The feasibility of application of this test in field situations is discussed. PMID- 6668922 TI - Tile test to monitor the self administration of dapsone by leprosy patients. AB - The regularity of attendance of leprosy patients at clinic does not correlate well with regularity in drug consumption. This feature has been reported by several workers from different parts of the world. For monitoring self administration periodical check up of urine for drug content is necessary. The dapsone tile test described by Irudayaraj(1981) is performed in porcalein tile with drop of leprosy patient's urine. An appearance of pink colour and its intensity shows the drug content in urine. Instead of porcalein tile a cheap and readily available plastic blistered capsule card was used which is convenient to carry in the field and is disposable. 184 urine samples were collected in field and tested at field clinic by paramedical workers employing dapsone tile test. The same urine samples were later processed for dapsone/creatinine ratio at the laboratory by photoelectric colorimetric investigations. It was found that the results of dapsone tile test in the field correlated well upto 96% with dapsone/creatinine ratio estimations in the laboratory. The tile test in plastic card is simple to perform under field condition and it is reliable too. PMID- 6668924 TI - Hypopigmentation in leprosy. AB - Hypopigmentation of macular leprosy lesions was not found to correlate with cellular infiltrate and AFB load in tissues. It is felt that hypopigmentation is in some way related to neural involvement. PMID- 6668923 TI - Further modification on the haemolysis method in determining bacteraemia in leprosy patients. AB - Bacteraemia was assessed and compared in the venous blood samples of leprosy patients by employing the existing and the modified haemolysis method respectively. The modified method was more sensitive in determining bacteraemia in these patients as evident from the finding of more number of positive cases detected by this method. A significantly higher yield of bacterial number was detected by employing the present method when compared to that obtained by earlier method. PMID- 6668925 TI - Regional lymph node involvement in tuberculoid leprosy. AB - A study of regional lymph nodes in 44 cases of proved tuberculoid leprosy (BT & TT) is presented. Out of 26 cases of tuberculoid polar (TT) leprosy, 76.92% showed presence of paracortical lymphocytes, 61.52% showed presence of granuloma and 11.54% showed presence of acid fast bacilli in lymph nodes. In the borderline tuberculoid (BT) group, 61.1% showed granuloma, 72.22% showed presence of paracortical infiltration by lymphocytes and 11.11% showed presence of A.F.B. in lymph nodes. Lesions of tuberculoid leprosy have been conclusively demonstrated in the low resistant tuberculoid (BT) leprosy and polar tuberculoid leprosy (TT). The presence of paracortical lymphocytes in large numbers in the lymph nodes could indicate high cell mediated immunity (CMI) and possibly a tuberculoid end of the spectrum. The skin lesions and lymph nodes had comparative histopathology. PMID- 6668926 TI - A study of clinico-histologic correlation in lesions of borderline leprosy with multiple skin biopsies from different sites. AB - 20 active untreated cases of borderline leprosy were subdivided on clinical, bacteriological and immunological grounds. None had reactional episodes. Multiple skin biopsies from each one of them showed varied histopathology from different lesions. 84 out of 93 biopsies (90.3%) were found not to be in agreement with the clinical diagnosis. Even the multiple biopsies obtained from single large lesion revealed varied histopathological picture. The reason for the histopathological disparity has been postulated. PMID- 6668927 TI - Special features of physical therapy in the claw hand of leprosy. AB - This article emphasizes the vital role of a physical therapist in the surgical programme of the correction of clawing caused in leprosy due to paralysis of intrinsics. Right from the assessment of patient till the final re-education a physical therapist is a must helping in motivating the patient, planning the type of procedure to be performed on him and training the patient post-operatively. If treated early a physical therapist himself can overcome the deformity by the help of various physical therapy measures without surgical intervention. PMID- 6668928 TI - A study of systolic time intervals in lepra reaction. AB - Systolic time intervals (STI) were measured in 20 control subjects and 20 cases of lepromatous leprosy in lepra reaction. Significant differences in the pre ejection period (PEP), PEP/LVET and isovolumic contraction (IVCT) were observed between the groups. The abnormalities of STI observed in patients of lepra reaction are characteristic of left ventricular dysfunction in patients of lepra reaction. PMID- 6668929 TI - Community awareness about leprosy and participation in National Leprosy Control Programme. AB - To evaluate the health education component of our National Leprosy Control Programme (NLCP), 955 adult community members and 225 adult leprosy patients were interviewed with a view to assess their awareness about leprosy and participation in NLCP. The early signs/symptoms of leprosy were poorly perceived by the community. Majority of the community (81%) and patients (75%) were unaware or held superstitious ideas about causation of leprosy. The spread of disease through close contact with patient(s) was better known to the community (65%) than the patients (45%); but the role of open cases in spread was stressed by more patients (17%) than community (5.5%). About 31% community and 23% patients had no idea about the ways to prevent leprosy spread. As against 89% patients, only 62% community believed in curability of leprosy with early and regular treatment; but 20% of the community members did not know where to refer patients for treatment. The causation and prevention of deformities were poorly perceived by 71% patients, and likewise 62% of the patients did not take precaution(s) to prevent the deformities. About 32% respondents were unaware of the efforts being made to control leprosy; and their (79-84% respondents) participation in NLCP was very vague. About 44% community members showed prejudice towards leprosy. The NLCP infra-structure and mass media could not educate community effectively. The implications of the findings are discussed in this paper. PMID- 6668930 TI - Spontaneous healing in lepromatous leprosy? PMID- 6668931 TI - The effect of clofazimine on liver function tests in lepra reaction (ENL). AB - Twenty patients with suspected DDS resistance and repeated attacks of lepra reactions were selected for the study. Clofazimine was administered in different doses over a period of 12 months. Elevated levels of transaminases and Alkaline phosphatase prior therapy attained values to near normalcy. Progressive fall in serum Bilirubin and Proteins with normal A/G ratio at the end of therapy was also observed. Clofazimine by its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action could inhibit the process of liver damage and happened to have minimal deleterious effect on liver by studying the liver function tests. PMID- 6668932 TI - Short course treatment of tuberculoid cases--a feasibility study. AB - With an aim to reduce the length of treatment of leprosy, as a first step an investigation has been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of maintenance therapy in non-lepromatous cases. Relapse rates in a group of 47 cases, in whom treatment had been given only til the point of inactivity (the trial group) have been compared with a similar group of 27 cases who received additional 18 months maintenance therapy (the control group). No difference in relapse rates has been found (2.13 per 1000 patient months in trial group as against 2.58 per 1000 patient months in the control group). This suggests that additional 18 months maintenance therapy, as is currently recommended, does not offer any additional advantage in reducing the relapses. PMID- 6668933 TI - Clinico-pathological study of lymph node involvement in leprosy. AB - One hundred and five leprosy patients including 37 cases of LL and LI, 22 cases of BL, 3 cases of BB, 17 cases of BT, 23 cases of TT and 3 cases of indeterminate type during the period of 1980-81 have been examined clinically. All the patients of LL, LI, BL and BB types, 94% of BT, 70% of TT and 66.6% of indeterminate type have showed clinical enlargement of lymph nodes. In order of frequency the enlarged nodes are inguinal (76.2%) cervical (69.5%), axillary (69.5%), epitrochlear (64.7%) and lastly pre-auricular (9.5%). Although both regional and distant groups of lymph node enlargement have been observed in all cases of LL, LI and BL, in majority of the non-lepromatous cases there is only involvement of regional lymph nodes. Biopsies of lymph nodes are made from 51 leprosy patients, 22 from LL and LI cases, 11 from BL cases, 2 from BB cases, 8 from BT cases, 6 from TT cases and 2 from indeterminate leprosy cases. Major histopathological changes have been studied in different types of leprosy. The humoral antibody response and the cellular immune response are well reflected on the histopathological finding of the lymph nodes belonging to different immunological spectrum of leprosy patients. The examination of lymph nodes is recommended as a useful adjunct for the diagnosis and classification of leprosy. PMID- 6668934 TI - Study of lymph node biopsies in lepromatous leprosy patients under treatment. AB - A study of lymph node biopsies from lepromatous leprosy patients undergoing treatment was carried out for one year in 1978-79 in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Nagpur. Total 20 lymph node biopsies were studied, out of them, 12 were accompanied with skin biopsies. Typical lepromatous granulomas and presence of lepra bacilli were observed in 18 out of 20 lymph nodes, although this change was not constantly present in skin biopsies. Five out of twelve skin biopsies were bacteriologically negative. From this study, it is inferred that lymph node biopsies may be more helpful for follow up of patients after treatment. PMID- 6668935 TI - 'Frustration--anxiety behaviour as a function of leprosy patients age and personality'. AB - The paper incorporates five studies (i.e., four of frustration and one of anxiety). The design is 'Multi-group-Control-group'. Each one of the five studies has four '3 X 3 X 2' factorial experiments. Each experiment has 360 elements. These are three groups (of lepromatous, non-lepromatous and of disease-free normals). Each group consists of 120 elements (equally distributed among adolescents, adults and senescents). The particulars of the patients have been obtained from the Central JALMA Institute for Leprosy and the Kushta Seva Sadan (Agra). The disease-free normal elements are drawn freely from the population of the Agra town. The sample possesses statistical justification for size and representativeness. Data are collected with the help of reliable tools and the 'F' test is run for verification of the 'null hypotheses'. Results show that experiences of 'fixation-regression' frustration, atypically belong to normal senescence. Resignation and anxiety experiences, as growing hazards, specifically relate to leprosy patients. Personality factors that normally demote 'frustration anxiety' behaviour exhibit 'role-negation' in the leprosy patients. Age shows 'role-reversion'. Implications of such 'role' changes relate to the 'self eroding' process of personality in the patients. PMID- 6668936 TI - Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome) PMID- 6668937 TI - The irradiated larynx and voice: a perceptual study. AB - The voices of patients with laryngeal cancer following a specific radiotherapy regimen were subjected to perceptual evaluation. Interval scaling of the severity of perceived dysphonia was completed for the voices of male patients sampled before and 1 year following radiation therapy and for a set of male controls. Eight listeners did this quantitative rating and also specified the predominant quality in each voice. The results indicated that the degree of dysphonia in the pretreatment group was highest. Radiotherapy decreased this dysphonia but not to the point that posttreatment voices were indistinguishable from those of normal subjects. Also, the voice qualities of laryngeal cancer patients shifted toward those of the control group following radiotherapy with over one half of the irradiated patients judged to have rough or normal qualities. PMID- 6668938 TI - Voicing contrasts and their phonological implications in the speech of articulation-disordered children. AB - Five-year-old articulation-disordered children, some classified as substituters and some as syllable reducers, were compared with normal child and adult controls in their production of voicing contrasts. These contrasts occurred in minimal pairs containing word-final obstruents and in minimal triples containing word initial stops and /s/-plus-stop clusters in initial position. Measures of vowel duration, voice onset time (VOT), and frequency of use of phonetic voicing were made from spectrograms. In every comparison the substituters' performance resembled that of the normal controls, as did the syllable reducers' use of VOT in stop singles. The syllable reducers used larger vowel duration ratios than the normal controls in a few minimal pairs and used phonetic voicing less often in word-initial /b d g/. The production data and previously reported perception data were examined for evidence that individual syllable reducers had voicing contrasts in underlying phonological form despite their deletions of obstruents in which these contrasts occurred. Most of the syllable reducers appeared to recognize underlying voicing contrasts in at least a few final obstruents and in some of the initial stop singles. PMID- 6668939 TI - Speech timing of phonologically disordered children: voicing contrast of initial and final stop consonants. AB - Speech timing of nine phonologically disordered and nine normally developing children was investigated for the voicing contrasts of word-initial and word final stop consonants. Measurements of voice onset time, vowel duration, consonant closure duration, and voicing during consonant closure were made from spectrograms. In addition, listener transcriptions were employed for perceptual analysis. Results indicated that some phonologically disordered subjects failed to differentiate VOT in word-initial voiced and voiceless stops, whereas others produced much longer VOTs for voiceless stops than did control subjects. In the word-final voicing contrast, the phonologically disordered children evidenced longer consonant closure durations and less voicing during consonant closure than did normal subjects. However, like normal subjects, they demonstrated differential vowel and consonant closure durations in voiced and voiceless contexts. Perceptual analysis indicated significantly more voicing errors in the initial final stops of phonologically disordered children. These various results are interpreted to mean that some phonologically disordered children may have less mature speech timing control. The implications of these data for the description of voicing errors also are discussed. PMID- 6668940 TI - Effects of segment and pause manipulations on the identification of treated stutterers. AB - This study examined the hypothesis that reading rate affects the identification of treated stutterers. Thirty-two pairs of recorded speech samples, in which one member of the pair was a treated stutterer and the other was a nonstutterer, were available from previous research. Listeners had been able to distinguish readily between the members of these pairs. For each pair of samples, the durations of the treated stutterer's segments and pauses were adjusted to match those of the nonstutterer as closely as possible by means of a computer-based waveform editor. A test tape was prepared that included the 32 original pairs of stimuli, the 32 edited pairs, and 64 pairs of foils. Listeners were required to indicate which member of each pair was the treated stutterer. Analysis of the responses indicated that the listeners' ability to distinguish between talkers was significantly reduced for the edited stimulus pairs. The results imply that the rate used by treated stutterers must be critically evaluated if the goal of therapy is the production of perceptually "normal" speech. PMID- 6668941 TI - Acoustic analysis of stutterers' fluent speech before and after therapy. AB - The speech of 14 stutterers was analyzed prior to and at the termination of a 5 week stuttering therapy program to examine the relationship between nine selected acoustic variables and stuttering frequency. Group analyses indicated that pre- to post-therapy changes in stuttering frequency were accompanied by mean changes in five of the nine acoustic variables, a finding which is consistent with previous literature. Correlational analyses indicated that only silence in the voiced stop consonant intervocalic interval (IVI) was significantly correlated with stuttering frequency prior to therapy (i.e., lower stuttering frequency values were associated with shorter durations of silence during the IVI). Furthermore, the degree of reduction in silence was positively correlated with the magnitude of reduction in stuttering frequency due to therapy. These findings suggest that silence in the IVI may reflect the operational status of some mechanism which may underlie disfluent speech. PMID- 6668942 TI - Deaf speakers' laryngeal behavior. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare deaf speakers' (n = 4) laryngeal behavior during voiced and voiceless consonant productions to that of normal hearing subjects (n = 4). Laryngeal behavior during these two speaker groups' productions of six word-initial stop plosives (/b d g p t k/) and fricatives (/v z delta f s pheta/) was visually observed by means of a flexible fiberoptic nasolaryngoscope (fiberscope). The visualizations and their acoustic correlates were audiovisually recorded. The audiovisual recordings were analyzed by means of both frame-by-frame categorical judgments of laryngeal behavior and broad phonetic transcriptions of the accuracy/inaccuracy of consonantal voicing. Results indicated that deaf speakers' laryngeal behavior during production of those consonants perceived as accurately voiced was comparable to that of normal speakers, whereas deaf speakers' laryngeal behavior during production of consonants perceived as inaccurately voiced generally differed in various ways from normal. Findings seem to suggest that some aspects of deaf speakers' atypical laryngeal behavior associated with inaccurately voiced consonants may be due to an aberrant linguistic system while other aspects may be due to inadequate laryngeal motor control. PMID- 6668943 TI - Effects of stimulus repetition rate and frequency on the auditory brainstem response in normal cochlear-impaired, and VIII nerve/brainstem-impaired subjects. AB - The effects of signal repetition rate and frequency on the auditory brainstem responses of normal listeners, of persons with cochlear lesions, and of persons with VIII nerve/brainstem lesions were evaluated. The normal group exhibited more waves I and II than did the cochlear and VIII/brainstem groups. The normal and cochlear groups exhibited more waves III and V than did the VIII nerve/brainstem group. The latency of wave I was not different among groups, whereas wave V was significantly later in the VIII nerve/brainstem group than in the other groups. Waves I, III, and V were later for 50/s than for 10/s. Waves I and III displayed shorter latencies for 4000 Hz than for 2000 Hz, whereas wave V displayed similar latencies for the two stimuli. In conclusion, cochlear pathology (less than or equal to 65 dB HL) does not prolong the latencies of waves I and V. A dual mechanism is discussed to explain the rate-dependent latency shift of wave V. PMID- 6668944 TI - Magnitude estimation of oral cavity distances. AB - Adult subjects were asked to estimate relative distances between points marked on artificial palates fitted to their own palatal vaults. The artificial palates were less than 1 mm thick and extended posteriorly along the hard palate from the central incisors to approximately the second molars. Distances of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 mm were marked on four planes on the palates, one corresponding to the alveolar ridge, one anterior and two posterior to the ridge. The subjects felt raised points on the palates with their tongues and assigned number referenced to a standard distance on the alveolar plane. The eight adults performed the task very reliably, and the growth of scores corresponded closely to the increases in distance among the points judged. Accuracy did not vary with the particular plane, and performance was as accurate on the first trial as it was on the fifth. These subjects displayed very precise proprioceptive-kinesthetic knowledge of the oral cavity. PMID- 6668945 TI - The effect of manipulating phonation duration on stuttering. AB - Two single-subject experiments with two adult stutterers were conducted to assess the effect of changing the frequency of phonation intervals that were shorter or greater than prescribed durations during spontaneous speech. Both subjects modified the frequency of prescribed phonation intervals and showed changes in the frequency of these intervals that were positively related to decreases and increases in stuttering frequency. A perceptual analysis of the subjects' speech quality during phonation control conditions showed that when stuttering frequency was reduced, listeners could detect changes in the speech quality of both subjects; however, only one subject's speech during these conditions was described as nonnormal sounding. The therapeutic and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6668946 TI - Effects of parental deafness and early exposure to manual communication on the cognitive skills, English language skill, and field independence of young deaf adults. AB - Congenitally deaf college students with deaf parents who were native ASL signers (the ASL group) were compared to congenitally deaf college students who learned to sign between the ages of 6 and 12 years and who had hearing parents (the Delayed sign language group) on tests of cognitive skills, the cognitive style of field independence/dependence, and English language presented and produced through spoken, written, and sign modes. A control group of hearing college students was also included in the study. Differential effects of parental deafness and early exposure to manual communication, generally reported for deaf children, were not observed in the cognitive and communication performance of the experimental subjects. Furthermore, the Delayed sign language group performed significantly better than the ASL group on tests of speech perception and speech intelligibility. No differences on tests on cognitive skills were observed between the deaf and hearing subjects or between males and females. However, deaf females in both groups were more field dependent than deaf males and hearing females, while deaf males did not differ from hearing males. A test of speech reception skill was the only predictor of field independence for the ASL group while a test of cognitive skills was the only predictor of field independence for the other two groups. PMID- 6668947 TI - The influence of production mode on the recall of signs in normal adult subjects. AB - Preliminary evidence has suggested that signs produced with contact between the two hands or between the hand and body are learned more readily than signs produced without such contact. Using a paradigm that eliminated the possibly confounding variables of previous studies, the effect of production mode on sign acquisition and recall was investigated with normal young adults. Results indicated that contact signs were acquired more readily than noncontact signs by one of two subject groups. More contact than noncontact signs were produced correctly during recall. Recall at 1 week was equivalent to that at same day for contact signs, but same-day recall was greater than 1-week recall for noncontact signs. Examination of responses that were correct except for a contact/noncontact discrepancy suggested that contact was added more often than it was deleted from signs during recall. These findings are discussed in terms of the role of tactile feedback in learning and memory and their potential application to teaching signs to nonverbal children. PMID- 6668948 TI - Picture naming in language-impaired children. AB - A picture-naming task was used to examine word-finding problems in language impaired children. The subjects included 20 language-impaired children, 20 normal children matched to the language-impaired children for chronological age, and 20 normal children matched to the language-impaired children on a composite index of language age. Children were shown 64 pictures of objects and asked to name each as rapidly as possible. The principal findings were that (a) pictures of objects with more frequently occurring names were named more rapidly than pictures of objects with less frequently occurring names; (b) language-imparied children named pictures less rapidly than their chronological-age peers but more rapidly than their language-age peers; and (c) the effects of frequency of occurrence on naming time were comparable for all three groups of children. Factors that may have accounted for the findings are discussed. PMID- 6668949 TI - Comparison of reading comprehension task performance for deaf and hearing readers. AB - The internal consistency, variability, and performance level of 50 deaf and 50 hearing subjects (with comparable SAT reading comprehension scores) were compared on two production (cloze and free-response) tasks and two recognition (multiple choice and modified-cloze) tasks. Multiple-choice and free-response tasks were administered under both lookback and no-lookback conditions. Task consistencies and variabilities for deaf and hearing groups did not differ appreciably. Groups differed, however, with respect to mean level of performance. Deaf subjects' overall task performance level tended to be lower than that of hearing subjects, with the greatest differences noted in lookback and production conditions. PMID- 6668950 TI - Tinnitus and neural activity. AB - The spontaneous discharge rates of auditory nerve fibers were measured in a group of normal chinchillas and in a group of chinchillas with high-frequency, noise induced hearing loss. In contrast to normal units, the high-frequency units in the noise-exposed animals tended to have elevated spontaneous discharge rates, high thresholds, and a lack of two-tone inhibition. The change in spontaneous discharge rate across the distribution of nerve fibers is related to models of tinnitus and to human psychophysical data. PMID- 6668951 TI - Medicinal plants in tropical West Africa. III. Anti-infection therapy with higher plants. PMID- 6668952 TI - Inventory of plants used in traditional medicine in Tanzania. II. Plants of the families Dilleniaceae--Opiliaceae. AB - Forty five plants are listed, which are used by traditional healers in the northeastern part of Tanzania. For each species are given: the botanical name with synonyms, vernacular name, collection number, locality, habitus, approximate distribution and medical use. Results of a literature survey are also reported, including medical use, isolated constituents and pharmacological effects. PMID- 6668953 TI - The ethnobiology of the Haitian zombi. AB - For many years students of Haitian society have suggested that there is an ethnopharmacological basis for the notorious zombies, the living dead of peasant folklore. The recent surfacing of three zombies, one of whom may represent the first potentially verifiable case, has focused scientific attention on the reported zombi drug. The formula of the poison was obtained at four widely separated localities in Haiti. The consistent ingredients include one or more species of puffer fish (Diodon hystrix, Diodon holacanthus or Sphoeroides testudineus) which contain tetrodotoxins, potent neurotoxins fully capable of pharmacologically inducing the zombi state. The ingredients, preparation and method of application are presented. The symptomology of tetrodotoxication as described in the biomedical literature is compared with the constellations of symptoms recorded from the zombies in Haiti. The cosmological rationale of zombies within the context of Voodoo theology is described. Preliminary laboratory tests are summarized. PMID- 6668954 TI - Design for a slender shaft glass micropipette. AB - A method for the construction of long, slender shaft glass micropipettes is described. The diameter of the pipettes is comparable to metal microelectrodes that are used when multiple penetrations are required to record from neurons in relatively small targets located deep within brain tissue. The advantages of the slender micropipettes over metal microelectrodes are that: (1) the pipettes can be rapidly and reliably produced for consistent shape, size and impedance characteristics, (2) dyes can be used to define recording sites, (3) substances that carry a stable ionic charge such as soluble dyes or drugs can be ionophoreticaly applied through the pipette and, (4) both extra- and intracellular recordings are feasible. PMID- 6668955 TI - A new microelectrode positioner for electrophysiology in the intact mammalian eye. AB - This report describes a new microelectrode positioner for intraocular electrophysiology. This positioner provides fine movement along the axis of electrode advance and in two planes at right angles to the axis of advance. Rotation occurs around the scleral insertion point. In addition, this new positioner incorporates a closed chamber system that allows maintenance of constant intraocular pressure (IOP) as well as the ability to set the IOP at any desired level. PMID- 6668956 TI - Electrical stimulation with Pt electrodes. VII. Dissolution of Pt electrodes during electrical stimulation of the cat cerebral cortex. AB - Procedures are described for determining trace quantities of Pt released into brain tissue directly beneath cortical surface stimulation electrodes. Implanted electrodes (1.1 mm Pt discs) were stimulated for 4.5 h, 9 h and 36 h (4 X 9 h/day) with balanced biphasic pulses (20 micro C/cm2 or 100 micro C/cm2 per phase, 50 Hz), following which tissue 0-2 mm beneath stimulation electrodes and the encapsulating tissue adherent to electrodes was excised and analyzed for Pt. A time-dependent increase in Pt concentration was observed between 4.5 h (4-20 ng Pt/stimulation site) and 9 h (50-339 ng Pt/site) of stimulation at 100 micro C/cm2 with nearly all of the Pt located in the encapsulating tissue associated with the electrodes. Somewhat less Pt was observed in the 36 h samples, and it was almost equally distributed between the encapsulating tissue of the electrodes and the first millimeter depth of underlying brain tissue. Little or no Pt was found at electrode sites receiving 20 micro C/cm2 pulses. Control brain tissue samples as well as samples of blood, CSF and kidney were negative for Pt. The findings indicate that the rate of Pt dissolution gradually decreases during in vivo stimulation, and that dissolved Pt may slowly move away from stimulation sites, possibly by diffusion or fluid exchange. PMID- 6668957 TI - Threshold measurement: applications to excitable membranes of nerve and muscle. AB - Tracking the firing threshold of membranes is best accomplished with threshold hunters, automatic devices that adjust stimulus strength so as to hold constant the probability of an all-or-none response. We present a formalism for analyzing the performance of threshold hunters. An index for error is defined between the threshold of the membrane and the output of the threshold hunter. Errors are separated into tracking error, quantization error, and a fluctuation error that reflects the probabilistic nature of responses to liminal stimuli. The engineering trade-offs between these errors are quantified for conditions where the threshold undergoes rapid transients (e.g. after conditioning impulses) and where it changes more gradually (e.g. during exposure to anesthetics or recovery from tetanus). Several methods for decreasing the total error of the threshold hunter by using the outcomes from previous test stimuli are analyzed quantitatively to provide criteria for the design of hunters to extract a maximum of information concerning threshold with a minimum of interference with the preparation. In nerve axon the distribution of the firing threshold depends on impulse activity patterns, and a strategy for measuring this effect is presented. PMID- 6668958 TI - A versatile feedback controller for electro-mechanical stimulation devices. AB - Neurophysiological and behavioral work often requires that various laboratory stimulators be feedback-stabilized. We describe the design and performance of a versatile electronic controller that can be used to extend and flatten the frequency response of commercially available stimulating devices. The design includes flexible proportional-integral-derivative control action and active second-order, high-pass compensation. As an example application of this controller to 3 different electro-mechanical vibrator/transducer combinations demonstrates that the useful frequency response can be extended by more than a decade as compared with the uncontrolled device. PMID- 6668959 TI - Neurological mapping using an electron microscope/microprocessor data acquisition system. AB - Quantitative electron microscopy is used widely in many neurobiological laboratories but can be greatly enhanced by the computer storage, display and analysis of features or boundaries observed under the microscope. An interactive system is described, in which a microprocessor and microcomputer combination controls the data acquisition and display; more detailed analysis can be carried out on a mainframe computer. The performance of this system is examined and it is shown to be a cheap and effective solution, capable of expansion in many directions. PMID- 6668960 TI - Head movements and actographic recordings in free-moving animals, using computer analysis of video images. AB - A method is described to record the X,Y-coordinates of two bright spots on a TV image. These spots are produced by a light-emitting diodes (LEDs) assembly, which must be affixed on the moving target. The system was developed to record head movements of free-moving animals, chronically implanted to bear a socket LEDs holder, but it can be easily adapted to other applications, such as the measure of limb displacements in Man. Recordings are allowed up to 25 frames per second with an approximate spatial resolution of 255(X) X 300(Y). The method, which is based on standard TV equipment, involves a hardware interface, feeding the X and Y counts into a laboratory minicomputer and data acquisition software. A sample record is shown and other applications are discussed in relation to current non video and video actographic techniques. PMID- 6668961 TI - Modulation of guinea-pig peritoneal macrophage Fc receptor activity using D penicillamine. AB - The influence of D-penicillamine and 2,2'-pyridylisatogen tosylate upon guinea pig peritoneal IgG Fc receptor activity is examined. D-penicillamine pretreatment of guinea-pig peritoneal cells is shown to selectively reduce the specificity of the interaction between 7s-human IgG and the guinea-pig macrophage Fc receptor population. In contrast, the drug did not influence the binding of guinea-pig 7s IgG2 nor the uptake of aggregated heterologous or homologous Immunoglobulin. Both D-penicillamine and 2,2'-pyridylisatogen tosylate are shown to influence particulate immune complex binding to pretreatment peritoneal cells. PMID- 6668962 TI - Studies of rhenium carboxylates as antitumor agents. Part II. Antitumor studies of bis (mu-propionato) diaquotetrabromodirhenium (III) in tumor-bearing mice. AB - The neutral, dimeric complexes of rhenium, bis (mu-carboxalato) diaquotetrahalodirhenium (III) (carboxalato = acetato, propionato, or butyrato and halo = chloro or bromo), were synthesized and survival studies were done on mice bearing P-388 leukemia or B-16 melanoma. The complex bis (mu-propionato) diaquotetrabromodirhenium (III) proved to be the most effective in increasing the life span of the mice. The complex showed some activity against B-16, but virtually none against P-388. The complexes are all quite non-toxic. PMID- 6668963 TI - Non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic responses of the rainbow lizard isolated rectum to transmural electrical stimulation. AB - The non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic responses of the rainbow lizard (Agama agama Linn.) isolated rectum to transmural electrical stimulation have been examined in an effort to characterise them. In the presence of atropine (2 microM) and guanethidine (10 microM), tetanic transmural electrical stimulation (at 20 Hz) induced, in most of the preparations examined, a rapid initial relaxation (primary relaxation), which changed during the stimulation period into a contraction (primary contraction) followed by a rebound contraction (secondary contraction), which subsided at the end of the stimulus and was followed, in most preparations, by a relaxation (secondary relaxation) of variable extent and duration. Noradrenaline (1-10 microM) reduced or markedly inhibited the cholinergic muscle twitches, and decreased the various phases of the non cholinergic, non-adrenergic muscle contractions, especially at low frequencies of stimulation (less than or equal to 10 Hz). At higher frequencies (greater than or equal to 20 Hz), ATP (5-10 microM) increased the primary relaxation, decreased the contractile phases, and inhibited post-tetanic inhibition induced by non cholinergic, non-adrenergic nerve stimulation. Theophylline (0.1-1.0 microM) increased the primary and rebound contractions with no marked influence on the primary or secondary relaxation. Quinidine (5-50 microM) enhanced the primary relaxation, slightly inhibited the rebound contraction, but inhibited the primary contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. It is concluded that the P1 and P2 purinergic receptors proposed by Burnstock (10) are unlikely to mediate the non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic postsynaptic responses of the rainbow lizard isolated rectum. PMID- 6668964 TI - A critical comment on the use of the plate diffusion test for QSAR considerations. AB - The plate diffusion test is widely used for the screening of possible antimicrobials. Antibiograms play an important role for the selection of suitable antibiotics in the routine treatment of infections. We are able to show with a series of O-acylated 4-hydroxybenzoic acids that the percentage of the dose which did not diffuse into the agar plate depends on physico-chemical parameters of the compounds. The amount of the residue is linearly related both to the lipophilic behaviour expressed by the partition coefficients (log Pf) and the spatial extension expressed as Van der Waals Volumes (Vw). The plate diffusion test should be used with caution for studies of QSAR and also relative comparisons of activities. PMID- 6668965 TI - Selective preseparation of pentacaine from biological material by SEP-PAK C18 cartridge. PMID- 6668966 TI - The dissolution and oral bioavailability of mexiletine capsules modified for clinical trial. A preliminary report. AB - The dissolution and bioavailability of two preparations of mexiletine hydrochloride (200 mg), one available commercially as Mexitil and one modified by the Hospital Pharmacy for a clinical trial, were investigated in a cross-over study with healthy volunteer subjects. The evaluation of bioavailability was based on comparisons of the mean residence time (MRTp.o.) and mean absorption time (MATp.o.), areas under the plasma mexiletine concentration time-curve (AUC) and urinary recovery of unchanged mexiletine under controlled condition of acidic urinary pH after oral administration of single doses of either 400 mg or 200 mg as mexiletine hydrochloride. Three different methods of calculation were used to account for possible changes in clearance of the drug in between treatments. Bioavailability data were available from 3 cross-over studies as the investigation was terminated because one subject experienced idiosyncratic reactions to mexiletine. The mean-transit-time, T DISSOLVED-IN VITRO, for the hospital-modified capsules (2.8 min) was longer than that of the Mexitil capsule (2.0 min) in 0.1 HCl. This delay in dissolution was complemented by an increase in MATp.o. (0.43 and 0.58 hr respectively for Mexitil and hospital-modified capsules) obtained in one subject. The bioavailabilities of the two preparations were comparable from AUC between 0 to 6 hr, but the plasma curves from 6 to 48 hr were not followed. The mean times in vivo, T MEAN-IN VIVO (determined from urinary elimination curves in a cross-over study of 3 subjects) were consistently shorter after ingestion of Mexitil capsules though the significance was difficult to obtain due to small sample size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6668967 TI - 3-Methoxy-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavan (ME): a new compound to prevent gastric irritation. A gastric potential difference analysis. AB - The protective effect of 3-Methoxy-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavan (ME) on the gastric irritation induced by aspirin has been established using the non-invasive method of determination of the gastric potential difference (GPD) in male volunteers. 500 mg and 1000 mg ME (approx. 6.0-16.7 mg/kg b.w.) showed protective activity against induced gastric irritation in this model. The possible mechanism of action of this agent is discussed. PMID- 6668968 TI - Ethanol-cephalosporin antibiotic interactions: an animal model for the detection of disulfiram (Antabuse)-like effects. AB - Disulfiram (Antabuse)-like reactions occurring in patients undergoing antibacterial therapy with certain cephalosporin antibiotics, and after ingestion of ethanol, are well documented. A murine model is described which may prove useful in the detection of compounds likely to produce this effect. Eight cephem compounds (moxalactam, cefamandole, cefmetazole, cefonicid, cefmenoxime, cefoperazone, cefotiam, ceforanide) each carrying an N-methyltetrazolethiol substituent in the 3-position of the dihydrothiazine ring of the parent antibiotic were capable of inducing a disulfiram-like reaction in the test animals. Evidence is presented which strongly suggests a direct relationship between N-methyltetrazolethiol and related heterocyclic thiols and the ability to induce this reaction. PMID- 6668969 TI - Acetic acid and phenylquinone writhing test: a critical study in mice. AB - Studies were planned to establish the dose-effect relationship with both acetic acid and phenylquinone and to find out suitable concentrations for these two chemicals for pre- and post screening. The LD50 of acetic acid and phenylquinone were found to be 3.16% and 0.23%, respectively. Based on the studies conducted, the prescreening and postscreening concentrations of 0.5% is recommended for acetic acid, while for phenylquinone, prescreening concentration of 0.005% and postscreening concentration of 0.02% is advocated. Using this criterion in the acetic acid writhing test, analgin was the most potent analgesic while aspirin was the least. However, suprofen was most potent and paracetamol least among analgesics employed against phenylquinone induced writhing. PMID- 6668970 TI - Study on the anti-hypoxic effect of some drugs used in the pharmacotherapy of cerebrovascular disease. AB - The anti-hypoxic effect of some agents used in the pharmacotherapy of cerebrovascular disease was studied using the following methods: incomplete ischemia by bilateral carotid ligation in rats, anoxic hypoxia by inhalation of argon in mice, and hemic hypoxia induced by injection of sodium nitrite (120 mg/kg s.c.) in rats. The following drugs were studied: piracetam, orotic acid, centrophenoxine, pentobarbital, vincamine, vinpocetine, cinnarizine, aligeron, xanthinol nicotinate and papaverine. The most pronounced anti-hypoxic effect was shown primarily with the metabolic acting drugs, such as orotic acid, centrophenoxine, piracetam and pentobarbital, followed by the preparations with combined metabolic and vasoactive properties (vincamine and vinpocetine). The predominantly vasoactive drugs were less effective in anoxic hypoxia, but showed more pronounced effect in incomplete ischemia. PMID- 6668971 TI - Hypolipemic profile of plafibride in a model of experimental atherosclerosis. AB - The direct correlation between high circulating lipidic levels and the risk of suffering from atherosclerosis, together with the modification of different lipoproteic fractions in the development of this disease, has led us to study the characteristics of the hypolipemic effect of Plafibride. Experiments were carried out on a model of experimental arteriosclerosis in rats. The drug was administered at four dosage levels during induction of arteriosclerosis in order to establish a possible dose-effect relationship. Evaluation of the therapeutic activity was analyzed against the atherosclerotic control group. We found a marked hypolipemic activity and a strong increase in HDL-cholesterol, which reached normal levels. Consequently, Plafibride presents a profile of activity which can be considered suitable in the treatment of atherosclerosis. PMID- 6668972 TI - Quantitative study on the uterus-inhibiting activity of sodium naproxen in rat isolated uterus. AB - Action of Sodium Naproxen on spontaneous and field stimulated motility of isolated rat uterus was studied. Sodium Naproxen inhibited both spontaneous and field stimulated motility. The IC50 on spontaneous motility was lower than the IC50 on stimulated motility. The inhibition produced on the field stimulated uterus was more regular in relationship to concentration used of Sodium Naproxen. The IC50 of Sodium Naproxen in these experimental conditions was 8.22 X 10(-4) M (pD2 = 3.09 +/- 0.02) and the maximum inhibitory effect was 100%. These results show that prostaglandin synthesis plays a necessary role in uterine contraction, spontaneous or induced by field stimulus. PMID- 6668973 TI - Comparative effects of some autonomic drugs on lizard (Agama agama) and tortoise (Kinixys crosa) isolated rectum. AB - The effects of some cholinomimetic and sympathomimetic drugs have been investigated on the isolated rectal muscles of West African rainbow lizard (Agama agama) and land tortoise (Kinixys crosa). Acetylcholine and its natural or synthetic analogues evoked concentration-related atropine-sensitive contractions of the muscle preparations, whereas all the catecholamines examined relaxed the lizard (and guinea-pig), but not the tortoise, isolated rectum in a dose dependent fashion. The ganglionic stimulant drugs used, nicotine and DMPP, did not produce any effect on the isolated rectum of the two reptiles, although they contracted the guinea-pig isolated rectum in a concentration-dependent manner. Concentrations of physostigmine, which induced spasms or contractions in the isolated rectum of the guinea-pig, failed to excite reptilian rectal muscle preparations. Histamine induced biphasic responses in the lizard isolated rectum without affecting the isolated rectum of the tortoise. Serotonin (5-HT) which contracted the isolated rectum of the guinea-pig (like histamine) also provoked variable contractions of the lizard rectum but did not affect the tortoise isolated rectum. It is therefore concluded that although the rectal smooth muscles of these two terrestrial West African reptiles possess cholinergic innervation with mainly "muscarinic" cholinoceptors, their autonomic innervation differs from that of a conventional mammalian (e.g. guinea-pig) gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle. PMID- 6668974 TI - Concentrations of cefazolin sodium in ischemic extremities. AB - Patients with ischemic extremities were administered 2 g of cefazolin sodium (CEZ) intravenously from the unaffected extremity. Blood samples were periodically taken from both affected and unaffected extremities and concentrations of CEZ in both samples were compared. No statistically significant difference was observed in the concentration of CEZ in affected and unaffected extremities, which suggested that systematic administration of CEZ has satisfactory effects on ischemic extremities. PMID- 6668975 TI - Hematoporphyrin-derivative and photoradiation therapy of malignant tumors. AB - Kodak projectors with #2418 red Corning filters were used as a light source to treat cutaneous and subcutaneous malignancies in five patients who previously had been given hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD). An argon dye laser system was used to treat malignancies in patients who also were given the HpD. These tumors included 11 melanomas of the eye, three carcinomas of the esophagus, one melanoma of the esophagus, four carcinomas of the lung, three basal cell skin cancers, and one retropharyngeal metastatic oral cancer. Clinical results and technical problems of this therapy are discussed. PMID- 6668976 TI - Mechanisms of selective vascular changes caused by dye lasers. AB - On the basis of models describing optical and thermal transfer in tissue, it has been shown that unfocused, pulsed 577-nm laser irradiation of human skin selectively damages microvessels with little or no direct damage to other tissue structures such as the epidermis. This is in sharp contrast to the histologically nonselective necrosis induced by continuous lasers, in which essentially all structures near the site of exposure are damaged. We report here preliminary data in an animal model regarding mechanisms by which tunable dye lasers selectively alter blood and microvasculature. Irradiations of the hamster cheek pouch were used for direct microscopic observations of immediate changes in vessel integrity and morphology, and in the appearance and flow of blood. In 20- to 100-micron diameter vessels, a sequence of brown discoloration and viscidification of blood, transient hemostasis, permanent hemostasis, and hemorrhage were observed with increasing exposure doses. PMID- 6668977 TI - Hepatic resection with an Nd:YAG laser in pig. AB - Eleven hepatic resections were performed by means of a divergent Nd:YAG laser. The beam was transmitted through a fiberoptic delivery system without any handpiece. The shortest resection time and most limited ischemic damage (4 mm) were obtained with 80-W power shoots and a low divergent beam (4 degrees 2 for full angle). The hemostatic effects of the Nd:YAG controlled bleeding from veins of up to 4.5 mm in diameter, and parenchymatic oozing from the cut edge minimized blood loss. Histological examination revealed the importance of cellular deterioration in the ischemic layer, while electron microscopy showed selective destruction of cell organelles and protein denaturation. Marked elevation of hepatic serum enzymes suggests a high degree of cellular damage. Postoperative examinations confirmed an uncomplicated healing process. Finally, the use of a flexible fiberoptic enables easy surgical manipulation. PMID- 6668979 TI - A preliminary study on clinical application of Nd:YAG laser to the face and head. AB - Preliminary experiments were carried out for use of the Nd:YAG laser therapy of malignant tumors of the head and face. Because bone and brain tissue lie under the soft tissues in the face and head, the authors prepared two experimental models and examined the thermal effects of laser irradiation using three irradiating methods, single-pulse, automatic running, and manual. In experiments using results from these models, a temperature rise inducing protein coagulation did not occur under the surface of the soft tissue under the bone in both models. With automatic running irradiation, the temperature rise in the surface of the soft tissue under the bone was about 5 degrees C at 60 W with a running speed of 4 mm/sec in model I. These conditions were considered to be sufficiently within safe limits. In the second model, it was estimated that no thermal effects would be exerted on the soft tissue under the bone at 60 W or less with a running speed of 8 mm/sec or less. Using manual irradiation, no thermal disturbance of the soft tissue under the bone was induced in the first model, but without a shortening of irradiation time or an increase in irradiation distance this method could cause thermal damage to the second model and must be taken into consideration. PMID- 6668978 TI - The neodymium:YAG laser in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. AB - The Nd:YAG laser has been used for tumor volume reduction of recurrent gynecologic malignant tumors after previous radiation therapy. The localization of the tumor did not allow conventional surgical resection or surgery was contraindicated because of severe medical problems. Hemorrhage caused by recurrent tumor was controlled by tissue coagulation. The laser beam was delivered by means of a handpiece using the Model 8000 of the Molectron Medical Corporation. A power of 40 to 100 W was used with the maximal pulse duration of 9.9 sec and multiple pulse irradiation. The total energy ranged between 620 and 13.105 Ws. Good palliation was achieved in patients with hemorrhaging tumors of the cervix and ovary metastatic to the vagina. PMID- 6668980 TI - Effect of CO2 laser on the luminal surface of blood vessels in vivo. AB - The use of lasers as surgical tools may open up new possibilities for the treatment of atherosclerotic occlusive vascular disease. However, basic information regarding the effect of laser radiation to the lumen of normal blood vessels is needed prior to clinical application. This work investigates the nature of the CO2 laser-induced vascular wound and the time course of its healing in the rabbit aorta. The chief short-term problem with CO2 laser radiation of the luminal surface of blood vessels is thrombosis. PMID- 6668981 TI - Microsurgery of the fallopian tube with the carbon dioxide laser: analysis of 230 cases with a two-year follow-up. AB - Between September 1979 and December 1982, 230 cases of tubal reconstructive surgery were followed for 2 years. An analysis of these cases showed 75% to have had more than one procedure performed. There were 91 pregnancies in this group. In the bipolar disease population, 36% achieved an intrauterine pregnancy. Tubal reversal procedure resulted in comparable rates when compared to conventional surgery (71%). The ectopic pregnancy rate was 4.4%, and spontaneous abortion rate was 6.6%. The carbon dioxide laser appears to have a place in the armamentarium of the microsurgeon. PMID- 6668982 TI - Clinical experience with CO2 laser vaporization of neoplasm. AB - The use of the CO2 laser in the treatment of two types of cancer, advanced ovarian carcinoma and tumors of the liver, has proven to be a useful form of adjunctive therapy. It has proven effective in vaporizing ovarian tumors ranging in size from 5 to 20 mm and liver tumors ranging in size from 1 to 4 cm. This modality is preferable to traditional excision-and-repair techniques, which are far more traumatic and may result in considerable loss of blood. PMID- 6668983 TI - A computer form to aid in the collection of data on the ocular complications of leprosy. PMID- 6668984 TI - The effect of clofazimine on the plaque-forming cell response. PMID- 6668985 TI - An investigation of dapsone compliance using an isoniazid-marked formulation. PMID- 6668986 TI - A review of side-effects experienced by patients taking clofazimine. PMID- 6668987 TI - Leprosy in sub-human primates: potential risk for transfer of Mycobacterium leprae to humans. PMID- 6668988 TI - The cellular distribution of vitamin A in the liver. AB - Hepatic vitamin A (VA) is concentrated in lipocytes (fat-storing cells) but the actual concentration in various cell types has not been measured. In this study hepatocytes from normal and VA-pre-treated rats were isolated and the VA content was measured. Because most lipocytes were lysed in the procedure, VA content within lipocytes was estimated indirectly by subtracting total hepatic VA from hepatocellular VA. Hepatocytes contained 10.9% of the total hepatic VA (7.2% in VA-treated rats). The volume density of lipocytes in whole liver was 0.23% as determined morphometrically (1.45% in VA-treated rats). From these results it is estimated that the VA concentration in lipocytes is 39 mg/ml (3015 times that in hepatocytes) in normal rats and 69 mg/ml in VA-treated rats. Lipocyte lipid droplets are estimated to be 26% retinyl palmitate (by volume) in normal rats and 31% in VA-treated rats. PMID- 6668989 TI - Hypertrophy of biliary epithelium in rats with portacaval shunt. AB - Bile ducts of rats with 3-month-old portacaval shunt were shown by light microscopy to present hypertrophy of the biliary epithelium. This hypertrophy could be linked to the increased hepatic arterial flow following portacaval shunt. PMID- 6668990 TI - The Markov process in medical prognosis. AB - The physician's estimate of prognosis under alternative treatment plans is a principal factor in therapeutic decision making. Current methods of reporting prognosis, which include five-year survivals, survival curves, and quality adjusted life expectancy, are crude estimates of natural history. In this paper we describe a general-purpose model of medical prognosis based on the Markov process and show how this simple mathematical tool may be used to generate detailed and accurate assessments of life expectancy and health status. PMID- 6668991 TI - Risk-benefit considerations in the management of polymyalgia rheumatica. AB - Management of the polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome (PMR) is controversial. Gratifying symptomatic response usually occurs after treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or low doses of corticosteroids. However, some PMR patients are at risk of sudden blindness from an associated disease, giant cell arteritis (GCA). Blindness can be prevented by using higher and more toxic doses of corticosteroids. Temporal artery biopsy can be an aid in diagnosis, though it is not a completely sensitive test for GCA. This study employs decision analysis and derived risk-benefit ratios (equivalent to utility ratios) to evaluate five possible PMR management strategies. The incremental risk-benefit analysis provides a means for weighing intangible trade-offs without a formal utility analysis. Given base case assumptions derived from the literature, empirical treatment with high-dose steroids cannot be justified for PMR patients who have no cranial arteritic symptoms, because the acceptable risk-benefit ratio associated with this strategy is more than 90 cases of severe medication side effects per case of monocular blindness averted. PMID- 6668992 TI - Measurement of values for states of health with linear analog scales. AB - Medical decisions may be greatly influenced by the values that patients place on different states of health. Previous attempts to obtain quantitative estimates of such values have assumed the numerical values assigned to different levels of health will remain constant regardless of the context in which the measurement is made. To examine this assumption, 64 ambulatory patients ranked five scenarios describing different states of health in order of preference. One of the scenarios was ranked as worse than death by 22 percent of raters, and two scenarios were ranked as worse than death by 31 percent of raters. The states were then rated using linear analog scales, first with the anchors or endpoints of perfect health and death, then with the anchor of perfect health replaced by each of the other health states, in descending order of preference, and finally with the anchor of death replaced by each of the other health states, in ascending order of preference. The numerical values assigned to scenarios were substantially and systematically influenced by the anchors on the scale. Relative to the values assigned to health states when anchors of perfect health and death were employed, the same states were assigned systematically higher values when the anchor of death was replaced by other health states, and systematically lower values when the anchor of perfect health was replaced. These findings persisted when states considered worse than death were excluded from the rating process. These results indicate that the quantitative values assigned health states are strongly influenced by the context in which the measurement is made, and that health cannot be regarded as a continuum with death as its lower boundary. PMID- 6668993 TI - A dialysis need-forecasting model. A retrospective evaluation. AB - A model to forecast the need for dialysis beds, currently used by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (DPH), is evaluated after ten years of availability and two years of formal use. The model was originally developed in 1972 to accommodate some informal planning needs of dialysis providers in Massachusetts. In 1978 the model was formally adopted by the DPH for its end stage renal disease planning. The model was designed to be and proved to be flexible in accommodating parameters and inputs specific to a given region, changes due to medical and technological innovations, and the acquisition of new data. This paper evaluates the model in terms of its accuracy, its financial impact, and the impact it has had on the allocation of dialysis resources in Massachusetts. The usefulness of the model as a planning tool is evaluated along several criteria. Two case studies are presented to illustrate how the model has been used to evaluate requests for dialysis facility development or expansion. PMID- 6668994 TI - Transferability of medical decision support systems based on Bayesian classification. AB - This study tested the hypothesis that probabilities derived from a large, geographically distant data base of stroke patients could form the basis of an accurate Bayesian decision support system for locally predicting the etiology of strokes. Performance of this "extrainstitutional" system on 100 cases was assessed retrospectively, both by error rate and using a new linear accuracy coefficient. This approach to patient classification was found to be surprisingly accurate when compared to classification by physicians and to Bayesian classification based on "low cost" local and subjective probabilities. We conclude that for some medical problems Bayesian classification systems may be significantly more transferable to new sites than is generally believed. Furthermore, this study provides strong support for the utility of clinical databases in building, transferring, and testing Bayesian classification systems in general. PMID- 6668995 TI - [Evolution and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders in a case of hypoparathyroidism diagnosed late]. PMID- 6668996 TI - [Neurologic and psychiatric manifestations in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6668997 TI - [A case of borderline neurosis. Clinical considerations, session reports, and dynamic reflections on interrupted analysis-inspired psychotherapy]. PMID- 6668998 TI - [Risk factors in primary dementia syndromes]. PMID- 6669000 TI - [Biochemical aspects of lithium and its applications in the field of psychiatry and hematology]. PMID- 6668999 TI - [Psychotherapy and aging]. PMID- 6669001 TI - [Embolia cutis medicamentosa. Circumscribed skin necrosis following intramuscular injections]. PMID- 6669002 TI - [Contribution on the surgical treatment of meniscus lesions]. PMID- 6669003 TI - [Experimental wound healing. New results on wound granulation tissue and epidermal reparation (3H-thymidine autoradiography)]. PMID- 6669004 TI - [Experience with a fixed beta-blocker-diuretic combination in the treatment of high blood pressure]. PMID- 6669005 TI - [Multicenter therapy study with the amitriptyline oxide Equilibrin 60--a broad spectrum antidepressive agent]. PMID- 6669006 TI - Mechanical and metallurgical properties of vascular clips designed for temporary use. AB - Six commonly used surgical clips (Kleinert-Kutz, Pivot, Vari-Angle, Yasargil, Biemer, and Acland) that have been designated by their manufacturer as being suitable for temporary occlusion were studied in terms of their mechanical and metallurgical properties. Opening and closing forces were determined for all of the clips. Significant variations in clip force with respect to blade gap were found in all of the pivot-type clips. Metallurgical testing showed that all six clips exhibited properties that contraindicate long-term implantation. PMID- 6669008 TI - Apparatus to relieve nose-bridge pressure from high-power surgical telescopes. PMID- 6669009 TI - Thumb reconstruction with an iliac bone graft and a dorsalis pedis flap transplant including the extensor digitorum brevis muscle for restoring opposition: a case report. AB - A method for thumb reconstruction with an iliac bone graft and a dorsalis pedis flap transplant, including the extensor digitorum brevis muscle for restoring opposition, is presented. This case involved a 21-year-old man with a traumatically absent right thumb at the metacarpal base. Thumb reconstruction by means of an iliac bone graft with immediate transfer of a dorsalis pedis neurovascular sensory free flap, including the extensor digitorum brevis muscle to restore the opponens pollicis muscle, was carried out. After a period of six months he had gained satisfactory opposition of his newly reconstructed thumb to the ring finger, with evidence of contraction of the muscle on electromyograms. PMID- 6669010 TI - Stereomicroscopy as a diagnostic aid in evaluating the viability of island flaps: an experimental study. AB - This study entailed direct stereomicroscopic observations of rat abdominal island flaps and the sequence of vascular events that occurred during and after occlusion by clamping of the individual femoral vessels for varying time intervals of up to 16 hours. The vascular changes and the status of the circulation in the flap vasculature, including the timing of complete hemal stasis and resumption of flow, following the application and subsequent release of the vessel clamp were observed and correlated with flap viability and behavior. This study also included a grading system of the vascular changes observed under a stereomicroscope. From these findings, it is suggested that in vivo stereomicroscopy may serve as a new and simple clinical tool for the early diagnosis of thrombosis at the site of microvascular anastomosis of a free flap transfer and may define time limits during which the anastomosis can be successfully corrected and the flap salvaged. PMID- 6669007 TI - A microtourniquet carrier for use in the microsurgical laboratory. AB - The construction of a simple, inexpensive microtourniquet carrier is described. The carrier can be made from materials readily available in the microsurgical laboratory or the operating room. The carrier increases the ease of occluding a vessel with a microtourniquet and increases the speed of applying a number of tourniquets sequentially, thereby making the microtourniquet an attractive alternative to the more expensive and less flexible microvascular clip for temporary vascular occlusion. PMID- 6669011 TI - Intercostal nerve transfer in brachial plexus injuries: an experimental study. AB - Eighteen adult mongrel dogs underwent unilateral surgical disruption of the brachial plexus. Twelve animals (Group I) had as a second-stage procedure transfer of T4 and T5 intercostal nerves and their accompanying vascular bundles to the distal musculocutaneous nerve stump. Six animals (Group II) had restoration of musculocutaneous nerve continuity with conventional interpositional sural nerve cable grafts. Group I animals demonstrated significantly better electromyographic evidence of reinnervation and, comparing appearance and weight of operated and unoperated biceps muscles at the time of animal sacrifice, maintained greater gross weight and more normal overall appearance of muscle. Histologic study of muscle tissue showed no significant difference between the two groups whereas musculocutaneous nerve histology distal to all anastomoses revealed less fibrous tissue and a greater number of healthy appearing axons in Group I. It is concluded that vascularized intercostal nerve transfer as performed in this study has theoretical advantages over conventional nonvascularized intercostal nerve transfer but additional investigation is required to make this determination. The superiority of vascularized intercostal nerve transfers over conventional interpositional sural nerve cable grafts has been demonstrated. PMID- 6669012 TI - The use of microvascular graft as an arterial substitute in the abdominal aorta of the rat. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare by means of microsurgical techniques a porous with an interiorly smooth siliconized vascular graft. Compatibility and patency of the graft were examined in a long term follow-up. A microvascular prosthesis with a particular fibrous texture was used. The fibres consisted of polyurethane (PUR), a new prosthetic material. The lumen of the prosthesis measured 1.6 mm; the outer diameter was 2.4 mm. In group A an in- and exteriorly microporous graft was applied; in group B the inner surface of the prosthesis was smoothed by a silicon layer. 30 SPF-Wistar rats were randomized in group A (n = 15) and B (n = 15), and both prosthetic materials were implanted as a substitute for an infrarenal part of the abdominal aorta. Monofile suture material (MirafilR -DR 5) size 10:0 was used for the anastomosis. The mean pressure of the aorta amounted to 108 +/- 30 mm Hg. After 4 +/- 2 months the total survival rate was 77% (n = 23): in group A, 80% (n = 12); in group B, 73% (n = 11). Cause of death was early thrombosis due to technical mistakes. The following results were obtained by angiography: highest patency--group A, 8; group B, 1; constriction- group A, 6; group B, 9; occlusion--group A, 1; group B, 4; total--group A, 15; group B, 14; 1 angiography technically failed. Arterial substitution in the abdominal aorta of the rat by PUR-grafts is possible and is a suitable model for further experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6669013 TI - The effect of stasis on a microvascular anastomosis. AB - An experiment was done in rats to determine the effect of stopping the flow of blood across a fresh anastomosis. It was found that brief periods of stasis, up to 30 minutes, caused a minimal increase in the rate of thrombosis, but 60 minutes of stasis caused a significant risk of thrombosis in both arteries and veins. The thrombosis associated with stasis could be prevented by the systemic administration of heparin. PMID- 6669014 TI - The hand table for pediatric microsurgery. AB - The technique using the hand table for positioning of infants for microsurgical procedures of the lower extremity is presented. With this technique, the surgeon and assistant are able to sit directly opposite each other with their arms in stable resting position. PMID- 6669015 TI - A stereomicroscopic system modified for microsurgical laboratory. AB - An operating table stand incorporating a rotatable mechanical surface with a motorized focusing stage carrier was designed for a standard stereomicroscope. This can be used for microsurgical experiments and practicing microsurgical techniques in small laboratory animals. PMID- 6669016 TI - Physiologic tremor and microsurgery. AB - Physiologic tremor hampers the ability of students to learn microsurgical technique. An understanding of normal tremor both as to origin and methods of control would be of help. Physiological tremor arises from both mechanical and neuromuscular sources and is made worse by a number of factors. The "size principle of motoneuron recruitment" is an important physiologic consideration, and the use of biofeedback techniques enables the student to confirm his understanding of the principle. Knowledge of the factors which aggravate physiological tremor allows the microsurgeon to control his own tremor both in the laboratory and in the operating room. PMID- 6669017 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study of microvascular anastomoses on irradiated vessels: short-term effect of irradiation. AB - Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of previous irradiation on microvascular arterial anastomoses. The study focused on regeneration of endothelial cells and thrombus formation. Careful examination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a difference between irradiated animals and a control group. In the irradiated group one can notice a decreased regeneration, a greater amount of fibrin and platelets, and a higher incidence of microthrombi. PMID- 6669018 TI - Patency of lymphatic venous anastomosis. PMID- 6669019 TI - The effect of vibration on vision during microsurgery. AB - This study was initiated to assess the effects of vibrating optics on a microsurgeon's ability to visualize. The results have led to criteria of image displacement versus frequency which could be applied to the design of a surgical microscope mounting system. To provide minimum added strain to the microsurgeon, the ideal microscope mounting system should not transmit vibration from the hospital environment to the microscope optics at a level that is detectable by the visual system of the surgeon. This can be avoided by isolating the microscope mounting system from the vibratory environment of the hospital and by designing the microscope support system to minimize vibrations at frequencies that are most readily detectable by the human visual system. PMID- 6669020 TI - Entrapment of the median nerve after posterior dislocation of the elbow. AB - The authors present two cases of complete median nerve paralysis due to entrapment after posterior dislocation of the elbow. Previous literature on the subject matter is reviewed, and management and therapeutic indication of these lesions are discussed. PMID- 6669021 TI - Partial selective denervation in spastic palsies (hyponeurotization). AB - Treating spastic palsies is a difficult problem. Hyponeurotization is a technique in which peripheral nerves are partially and selectively denervated to diminish spasm in muscles, hence reducing spasticity and tenseness so inimical to movement. Hyponeurotization can be performed in all spastic patients who are capable of cooperating. It should be avoided in cases of athetosis and brain impairment. Partial denervation is employed to reduce spasm; tenotomies, tendon lengthening, and myoectomy are employed to increase length in retracted muscles. Secondary surgery is usually required to further correct the spasm after the "adoption" phenomenon is complete. The results with hyponeurotization have been good in a high percentage of cases in which the surgery strictly adhered to basic principles. PMID- 6669022 TI - An experimental model for lymphedema in rabbit ear. AB - A simple, inexpensive method for producing an experimental model for lymphedema in rabbit ear is described. In 47 of 50 rabbit ears, the lymphedema could be demonstrated by measurement of ear thickness, water displacement, skin thickness, diameter of lymphatics, and histopathology of the experimental ear. Three rabbit ears failed because of technical reasons. In studying the findings of experimental lymphedema, some clinical phenomena are explained and modifications of the operative procedure of microlymphaticovenous anastomosis for treating lymphedema are suggested. PMID- 6669023 TI - A modified technique to make a portacaval shunt in rats. AB - A simplified technique to make an end-to-side or a side-to-side portacaval shunt in rats is described. The method requires no expensive special microsurgical instruments, and when the technique is completely mastered, one can make a portacaval shunt within 10 minutes. This is very useful when making many experimental models in rats. Moreover, this technique is fundamental for doctors who are intending to train in microsurgery. PMID- 6669024 TI - Diazepam and memory: support for a duplex model of memory. PMID- 6669025 TI - Automatic and controlled processes in the first- and second-language reading of fluent bilinguals. PMID- 6669026 TI - The effect of encoding variables on the free recall of words and action events. PMID- 6669027 TI - Recognition memory: a cue and information analysis. PMID- 6669028 TI - Selective looking and the noticing of unexpected events. PMID- 6669029 TI - Pupil dilations following pairs of identical and related to-be-remembered words. PMID- 6669030 TI - The auditory recency advantage in longer term free recall is not enhanced by recalling prerecency items first. PMID- 6669031 TI - Common and modality-specific processes in the mental lexicon. PMID- 6669032 TI - Imagery effects and semantic similarity in sentence recognition memory. PMID- 6669033 TI - Some effects of remembering on forgetting. PMID- 6669034 TI - Semantic relations between encoding and retrieval in cued recall. PMID- 6669035 TI - Hormone action. Part H: Neuroendocrine peptides. PMID- 6669036 TI - Neuroendocrine cells in vitro: electrophysiology, triple-labeling with dye marking, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural analysis, and hormone release. PMID- 6669037 TI - Separation of cells from the rat anterior pituitary gland. PMID- 6669038 TI - Culture of dispersed anterior pituitary cells on extracellular matrix. PMID- 6669039 TI - Continuous perifusion of dispersed anterior pituitary cells: technical aspects. AB - Continuous perifusion of dispersed anterior pituitary cells is a powerful dynamic in vitro technique that complements the static incubation technique of primary culture. The major advantages of perifusion include the ability to challenge cells with test substance in a pulsatile manner and to monitor the immediate response. Furthermore, the accumulation of hormonal product and proteolytic enzymes, with their potential effects on cell function, is essentially eliminated as a concern. Finally, although methods using static techniques are available, experiments using continuously perifused dispersed cells can be initiated soon after removal of the gland from the donor animal. We and others have found this system to be useful in the study of hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary. We expect that the system will lend itself equally well to investigations of other cellular processes involving the export of organic and inorganic substances. PMID- 6669040 TI - Techniques for culture of hypothalamic neurons. PMID- 6669041 TI - Techniques in the tissue culture of rat sympathetic neurons. PMID- 6669042 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies reacting with the cytoplasm and surface of differentiated cells. PMID- 6669043 TI - Direct radioligand measurement of dopamine receptors in the anterior pituitary gland. PMID- 6669045 TI - Biomembranes. Part L: Membrane biogenesis: processing and recycling. PMID- 6669044 TI - Electrophysiological assays of mammalian cells involved in neurohormonal communication. PMID- 6669046 TI - Inhibitors of glycoprotein synthesis. PMID- 6669047 TI - Preparation of glycopeptide and oligosaccharide probes for receptor studies. PMID- 6669048 TI - Role of cytoskeleton in liver: in vivo effect of colchicine on hepatic protein secretion. PMID- 6669049 TI - Pancreatic lobules in the in vitro study of pancreatic acinar cell function. PMID- 6669050 TI - Image intensification techniques for detection of proteins in cultured cells. AB - We describe here the components and uses of two image intensifier systems. The SIT camera system is convenient, relatively inexpensive, readily adaptable to most microscopes, and reliable. It suffers from lack of resolution at high gain levels and the inability to extend its sensitivity by accumulating an image over time. The EMI system is expensive and bulky and requires special adaptation to the microscope and special image recording devices in its output. It has extraordinary sensitivity and resolution, however, and allows experiments to be carried out that are otherwise not possible. Other systems similar to those described here are also commercially available and, in general, have similar advantages and disadvantages. The choice of the proper type of system varies with the particular application. These systems amplify the amount of light in an available image within constraints of gain and resolution and produce a publishable record of what otherwise might not be able to be recorded. These systems cannot improve images that contain too much background nor improve the resolution inherent in the microscopic method employed. PMID- 6669051 TI - High-voltage techniques for gaining access to the interior of cells: application to the study of exocytosis and membrane turnover. PMID- 6669052 TI - Uptake of glycoproteins and glycoconjugates by macrophages. PMID- 6669053 TI - Purification of rat liver fucose binding protein. PMID- 6669054 TI - Intracellular iodination of lysosome membrane for studies of membrane composition and recycling. PMID- 6669056 TI - Biosynthesis, processing, and function of secretory component. PMID- 6669055 TI - Preparation of inside-out thyroid follicles for studies on transcellular transport (transcytosis). PMID- 6669057 TI - Transcellular transport of proteins studied in vivo. PMID- 6669058 TI - Polarized multicellular structures designed for the in vitro study of thyroid cell function and polarization. PMID- 6669059 TI - Isolation and characterization of liver gap junctions. PMID- 6669060 TI - Techniques for studying the cell-free synthesis of the major lens fiber membrane polypeptide. PMID- 6669061 TI - Gap junctions in liver: isolation, morphological analysis, and quantitation. PMID- 6669062 TI - Studies on the biogenesis of cell-cell channels. PMID- 6669063 TI - Selective labeling and quantitative analysis of internalized plasma membrane. PMID- 6669065 TI - Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein from rat liver: purification and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6669064 TI - Lipid transfer proteins: overview and applications. PMID- 6669066 TI - Nonspecific lipid transfer protein from rat liver. PMID- 6669067 TI - Use of a nonspecific lipid transfer protein to modify the cholesterol content of synaptic membranes. PMID- 6669069 TI - Cerebroside transfer protein. PMID- 6669068 TI - Isolation of Golgi apparatus from rat liver using D2O-sucrose gradients. PMID- 6669070 TI - Synthesis of labeled phospholipids in high yield. PMID- 6669071 TI - Membranes of pancreatic zymogen granules. PMID- 6669072 TI - Secretory membranes of the rat parotid gland: preparation and comparative characterization. PMID- 6669073 TI - Role of intracellular membrane systems in glycosylation of proteins. PMID- 6669074 TI - Serogrouping of Rhodococcus equi. AB - The serological relationships among 27 isolates of Rhodococcus equi selected from a total of 1,195 isolates were investigated by cross-agglutination and absorption tests. The presence of capsular material was demonstrated in all the 27 isolates by electron microscopic observation. Antisera were prepared by employing formalized antigen of each isolate. In the cross-agglutination test with formalized antigen, 13 antisera reacted with homologous antigens alone, but the remaining 14 antisera reacted not only with homologous antigens but also with one to four heterologous antigens. When these 14 antisera possessing heterologous agglutinins were absorbed with each of the cross-reacting antigens, 14 specific antisera were obtained. The cross-agglutination test with these 27 antisera proved the 27 strains examined to be serologically distinct from one another. These strains were designated serogroups 1 to 27. Thus the same number of grouping antisera were prepared. The distribution of each serogroup among the 1,195 isolates and 15 reference strains was investigated by the slide agglutination test. All the strains were found to be groupable. Most of them belonged to serogroups 1 to 4, 7 to 9, 11, 14, and 15. Of the serogroups designated, 4, 16, 2, 12, 21, 1, and 9 were identical with Prescott's serovars 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively. PMID- 6669075 TI - Relationship between luminous fish and symbiosis. I. Comparative studies of lipopolysaccharides isolated from symbiotic luminous bacteria of the luminous marine fish, Physiculus japonicus. AB - In order to investigate the relationship between host and symbiosis in the luminous marine fish, Physiculus japonicus, the bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of symbiotic luminous bacteria were compared serologically and electrophoretically. Five symbiotic luminous bacteria (PJ strains) were separately isolated from five individuals of this fish species caught at three points, off the coasts of Chiba, Nakaminato, and Oharai. LPS preparations were made from these bacteria by Westphal's phenol-water method and highly purified by repeated ultracentrifugation. These LPSs contained little or no 2-keto-3 deoxyoctonate and had powerful mitogenic activity. In sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, these PJ-1 to -5 LPSs were separated by their electrophoretic patterns into three groups; the first group included PJ-1 and PJ 4, the second group PJ-2 and PJ-3, and the third group PJ-5 alone. The results agreed with those of the double immunodiffusion test; precipitin lines completely coalesced within each group but not with other groups. In immunoelectrophoresis, one precipitin line was observed between anti PJ-2 LPS serum and PJ-5 LPS but the electrophoretic mobility of PJ-5 LPS was clearly different from that of the PJ-2 LPS group. Furthermore, in a 50% inhibition test with PJ-2 LPS by the passive hemolysis system, the doses of PJ-2 LPS, PJ-3 LPS, and PJ-5 LPS required for 50% inhibition (ID50) in this system were 0.25, 0.25, and 21.6 micrograms/ml for each alkali-treated LPS, respectively, and the ID50's of both PJ-1 LPS and PJ-4 LPS were above 1,000 micrograms/ml. These results indicate that PJ-5 LPS has an antigenic determinant partially in common with LPS from the PJ-2 group but not with LPS from the PJ-1 group and that the symbiotic luminous bacterium PJ-5 is more closely related to the PJ-2 group than to the PJ-1 group. These results show that the species Physiculus japonicus is symbiotically associated with at least three immunologically different strains of luminous marine bacteria in its specialized light organ. PMID- 6669076 TI - Changes in RNA fingerprints of measles virus after passages in chicken cells. PMID- 6669077 TI - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to dengue virus in mice: effect of route of sensitization and splenectomy. AB - This study was designed to determine the role of the sensitization route and the spleen in the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to dengue virus in mice. DTH was measured by footpad swelling response. Strong but transient DTH was produced in cyclophosphamide (CY) pretreated mice sensitized subcutaneously (s.c.) or intravenously (i.v.) with dengue virus type 4. Subcutaneous inoculation of virus in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) further enhanced the DTH elicited. The time course of DTH generated by s.c. and i.v. sensitization were similar with the peak reactivity seen on day 6 after sensitization. Poor DTH was observed in mice given an i.p. inoculation even when CY and/or IFA were used. Intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation also sensitized mice poorly. Splenectomized mice showed enhanced DTH response when compared to intact mice. In contrast to intact mice, pretreatment of splenectomized mice with CY did not alter the DTH level. Splenectomized mice inoculated s.c. with virus in IFA showed poorer DTH than mice sensitized with virus alone. PMID- 6669078 TI - A family study of IgG subclasses in sickle cell anemia. AB - Three siblings with sickle cell anemia were studied immunologically and hematologically. Their patterns of Protein A-Sepharose chromatography distribution showed considerable heterogeneity, particularly with respect to the IgG2 and IgG3 subclasses, even though their hematological make up was similar. An attempt was made to correlate their IgG2: IgG1 subclass ratios with their clinical history of recurrent bacterial infections, as well as a possible compensatory IgG3 heterogeneity. PMID- 6669079 TI - Effect of endotoxin administration in trypan blue pretreated mice. PMID- 6669080 TI - [Conditions for extracellular heteroglycan biosynthesis by Mycobacterium salivarium]. AB - Mycobacterium salivarium 76 was found to synthesize the individual exoglycan unbound to proteins and lipids in media containing various sources of carbon (sugars, polyatomic alcohols, n-alkanes) and nitrogen (nitrates and ammonium salts) at pH from 6 to 10. These compounds determined the quantitative yield of glycan, but had no effect on its monomeric composition represented by glucose, mannose, uronic acid and pyruvate residues. The highest yield of biomass and polysaccharide was found in the medium with n-dodecane and KNO3 at pH 7.0. PMID- 6669081 TI - [Monochlorophenols as enzyme substrates for the preparatory metabolism of phenol in Candida tropicalis yeasts]. AB - The object of this work was to find out whether Candida tropicalis can be used for monochlorophenol degradation. Phenol monooxygenase and pyrocatechase, enzymes involved in preparatory phenol metabolism were shown to catalyse transformation of 3- and 4-chlorophenols. Phenol monooxygenase catalyses hydroxylation of 3- and 4-chlorophenols to 4-chloropyrocatechol which yields beta-chloromuconic acid under the action of pyrocatechase. Synthesis of phenol monooxygenase is induced by 3- and 4-chlorophenols. beta-Chloromuconic acid is a terminal product of 3- and 4-chlorophenol transformation under neutral conditions. In a weakly acid medium (the Rieder medium, phosphate buffer, pH 5.5), transformation of these chlorophenols terminates with spontaneous lactonization of beta-chloromuconic acid and its dehalogenation. C. tropicalis hardly transforms 2-chlorophenol although certain oxygen uptake occurs in its presence. 3- and 4-chlorophenols are not nutrient sources for C. tropicalis. The yeast has not been adapted to 3- and 4-chlorophenols as sole nutrient sources. PMID- 6669082 TI - [Selection of mutant branched-chain amino acid producers in the methylotrophic yeasts Hansenula polymorpha]. AB - The object of the work was to test several methods for selection of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha mutants accumulating amino acids with a branched chain (valine, leucine, isoleucine). Selection of strains resistant to norvaline, an analogue of valine and leucine, was found to be the most effective method. The mutants were grown in a medium with methanol and accumulated mainly valine and, in lesser quantities, leucine, isoleucine, aspartate, asparagine and a cysteine derivative. The mutants accumulated up to 110 mg of amino acids per 1 L of the cultural broth, while the wild type strain accumulated only 5 mg/L. PMID- 6669083 TI - [The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Galleriidae)]. AB - The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis preparation on the greater wax moth population have been investigated under laboratory conditions. B. thuringiensis isolated from commercial insecticidal formulations such as DIPELr (Abbott Lab. USA), Tribactur BTB WP (Fabrick von Chemische Production, Holland), Bactospein (Laboratoire Roger, France). The effective strain was used in this experiment. The applied concentrations of Bacillus on the greater wax moth larvae are 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 gram, respectively. It has been observed that 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 gram dosages of bacteria has been effective on larvae population. Our studies indicated that young larvae are much more susceptible to lower concentrations, 0.5, 1.0 gram, of Bacillus. PMID- 6669084 TI - [First isolation of a strain of Salmonella oranienburg in Turkey from a patient with enteritis]. PMID- 6669085 TI - [A parasitological study of the nursery of a medical school]. AB - Sixty-two stool samples obtained from 0-6 years-old children in Nursery of medical Faculty were examined for intestinal parasites in 1982 and 1983. In addition, for the purpose of detection of Enterobiase incidence, cellophane swab technique was also applied. It has observed that total parasite incidence were 66.6% in 1932 and 44.8% in 1933. It has been indicated that the highest infection rate was belong to two parasites namely E. vermicularis (25.8%) and G. lamblia (17.7%). PMID- 6669086 TI - [Incidence of toxoplasmosis in cases of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. AB - In this study, toxoplasmosis antibodies were investigated in patients who had malignant disease. Those patients were hospitalized in Ahmet Andicen Oncology Hospital and University of Hacettepe Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology. Positive results obtained were evaluated. PMID- 6669087 TI - [First isolation of a strain of Salmonella schleissheim in Turkey from a patient with enteritis]. PMID- 6669088 TI - [Toxoplasmic lymphadenitis]. AB - In this article, point of views about toxoplasmosis lymphadenopathy had been summarized and it's different properties had also been explained. PMID- 6669089 TI - Changes in plasma amino acid patterns in chronic alcoholic patients during ethanol withdrawal syndrome: their clinical implications. AB - Changes or imbalances in plasma amino acid patterns during withdrawal from ethanol were recorded in six randomly selected male chronic alcoholic patients (age range 23-47 years). Duration of drinking ranged from 4-15 years and their average daily amount of ethanol intake was more than 100G. Plasma amino acids (taurine, threonine, serine, glutamate, glutamine, proline, glycine, alanine, cysteine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophan, ornithine, lysine and arginine) were estimated by autoanalyzer in all patients on admission before starting conventional detoxification therapy for ethanol withdrawal syndrome, and during therapy on day 3 and day 6. On admission, there was a statistically significant rise in the plasma levels of almost all aminoacids, particularly glutamate, glutamine, phenylalanine, proline, glycine, methionine, cysteine, lysine, tyrosine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, serine, threonine, alanine and arginine (in comparison to those of normal controls) in five out of six patients. During the following six days of treatment and total abstinence, the pattern of plasma aminoacid levels did not change significantly despite considerable clinical improvement. Plasma tryptophan levels were undetectable in all patients on admission, day 3 and also on day 6 except in one patient with lesser amount and shorter duration of drinking, the levels just returned to within normal range only on day 6. Plasma levels of histidine and taurine were found to be slightly lower than normal. PMID- 6669090 TI - Is coronary heart disease caused by an environmentally-induced chronic metabolic imbalance? AB - The hypothesis is put forward that coronary heart disease (CHD) arises from a chronic imbalance between anabolism and catabolism in the body, induced by the psychosocial environment and mediated through the central nervous system (CNS) and neuroendocrine system. Psychosocial demands increase periods of waking arousal and reduce the periods of rest necessary to compensate for the catabolic and degradative effects of activity. This prevents the complete healing of repeated arterial damage caused by haemodynamic stress, and enhances the accumulation of lipids into damaged areas in the arterial wall. This hypothesis can account for the significance of known CHD risk factors. A high-fat diet exacerbates the problem by increasing the rate of lipid accumulation into the arterial lesions. Cigarette smoking increases CHD risk by acting as a stimulant of the arousal-inducing neuroendocrine mechanisms, and moderate alcohol consumption reduces CHD risk by depressing CNS arousal. Physical activity enforces subsequent inactivity and compensatory anabolism through feedback mechanisms, which "overshoots" and produces a net anabolic effect that increases cardiovascular strength and general resistance to physical strain. PMID- 6669091 TI - The non-adrenergic, vagal efferent system to the lung: does it exist, or is an artefact? AB - A third efferent pathway to the lungs - the non-adrenergic vagal inhibitory system - has previously been invoked to explain the residual neurally-mediated bronchodilatation, that is obtained after the administration of cholinergic and adrenergic blocking drugs. However, the experimental results cited as evidence for the existence of this third efferent pathway, can also be explained by an alternative mechanism, involving local axon reflexes in afferent fibres from lung receptors. If this latter explanation is correct, then the existence of the third efferent pathway is an artefact resulting from the experimental conditions. Caution should therefore be exercised before looking for ways of controlling this system, until it has been proven exactly which is the mechanism mediating it. PMID- 6669092 TI - Variation in mortality from ischemic heart disease in relation to alcohol and milk consumption. AB - A simple correlation analysis of data for 19 Western countries confirmed previously reported findings that the rate of mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) varies inversely with total alcohol consumption and positively with the consumption of unfermented milk proteins. However, when milk protein consumption was held constant in a multiple-partial correlation analysis, the association between total alcohol consumption and the IHD mortality rate was reduced to non-significance. In contrast, when alcohol consumption was held constant there was little effect on the high correlation between the mortality rate and the consumption of milk proteins. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the importance of the milk factor over alcoholic beverages as a determinant of variation in IHD mortality rates. It was concluded that the inverse association between alcohol consumption and IHD mortality, observed in international comparisons, is probably largely an artifact of a negative association between alcohol and milk consumption. An hypothesis is offered respecting the component of milk which might be responsible for its apparent atherogenicity. PMID- 6669093 TI - The fundamental chemistry of life. An attempt to define and identify the basic reaction responsible for life's creation and evolution. AB - All natural growth follows exponential characteristics which vary from a simple exponential equation (non-solid cancer, bacteria) to complex Gompertzian functions describing solid cancer and multicellular organisms. Like all chemical processes the reagents (energy sources of food) react during life to produce vital energy, but in addition also create the next generation of life. This latter reaction is unique in that a simple proportional increase in the reagents creates an exponential increase in products: it is the sole invariable criterion of all life. The target of combined ionising and non-ionising radiations in cancer cells appears to be identical with this fundamental exponential chemical reaction. Identification of this target as a system of anaerobic glycolysis suggests that life's first reaction is a unique one whereby a simple proportional increase in available glucose causes an exponential proportional increase in energy which is available solely for reproduction. PMID- 6669094 TI - On the improving chances of the cancer patient. AB - The cancer hazard rate (or force of mortality) of all cancer survival curves of the 4th Report on End Results in Cancer, continuously declines. This pattern recurs also in breast cancer patients refusing treatment. The declining hazard rate is most conspicuous in Cancer and much less pronounced in other chronic diseases. In most of them the hazard rate actually increases. Such is obvious in any actuarial life table, in which the rising pattern represents aging and will therefore be denominated herewith as Aging pattern. It accompanies also many chronic diseases e.g. diabetes, following operation for peptic ulcer, young survivors from coronary occlusion, or cirrhosis. The cancer hazard rate exhibits a trend observable during regeneration and is viewed here to reflect a regenerative process operating in cancer which is ascribed to Neoplasia. PMID- 6669095 TI - Do axon reflexes exist within the lung? AB - Circumstantial evidence is given in support of the hypothesis that vagal lung receptors are involved in local axon reflexes. All the components of such mechanisms are present, and teleologically it would make sense for them to exist. It is suggested that rapidly-adapting or irritant receptors produce local muscle relaxation as well as the centrally-mediated reflex bronchoconstriction in other parts of the lung. Conversely, it is suggested that slowly-adapting pulmonary stretch receptors produce the opposite effect - local bronchoconstriction and centrally-mediated reflex bronchodilatation. The third group of receptors - the non-myelinated endings or J receptors - probably behave like the rapidly-adapting receptors. The mechano, chemo, and nociceptive reasons for these local axon reflexes are presented, and the difficulties of testing their existence is discussed. PMID- 6669096 TI - Anesthesia delivery systems. PMID- 6669097 TI - The anesthesia machine: current design and alternatives. AB - The anesthesia machine is a major component in an integrated anesthesia care system. It can be considered in terms of the functional subsystems responsible for gas proportioning, anesthetic vapor delivery, patient ventilation, and waste gas scavenging. Alternative technologies for these functional units should be examined in light of the disadvantages inherent in present machines. Safety features, often added on an ad hoc basis, should instead be designed into the machine itself. The anesthesia delivery system should include feedback about the patient status and device performance, as well as provide for the delivery of anesthetic and pharmacologic agents. Improvements in performance and provisions for automation of some functions should be considered as future design criteria. PMID- 6669098 TI - System integration--the need in future anesthesia delivery systems. AB - Although current anesthesia delivery systems possess the virtues of familiarity, ruggedness, reliability, and longevity, problems inherent in their design require remedy. These systems consist of discrete subsystems that are unrelated physically, functionally, or by communications. Production of derived values, as opposed to raw data, is almost unheard of, although transformed data may be much more useful in the clinical environment. Future anesthesia delivery systems will use microprocessors to integrate data from multiple sensors with calculation, display, and control functions--without removing the anesthesiologist from the control loop. New ergonomic data will promote design of equipment that can be optimally manufactured, marketed, and used in clinical care. The proliferation of new equipment with advanced design and application features creates challenges for a society conscious of rising health-care costs. Creative alternatives to conventional financing, ownership, and early obsolescence of anesthesia systems must be sought in order to ensure that the quality of and capability for anesthetic care will continue to advance. PMID- 6669099 TI - Computers in anesthesiology--a look ahead. AB - The anesthesiologist is the "systems" person in the operating room whose primary function is making decisions with respect to the patient's pharmacologic and physiologic status. The introduction of digital data processing equipment in the operating room must aid this decision-making function. Instruments that are used to monitor the anesthesia machine or patient variables will provide input to a digital computer. The computer will serve to aggregate and organize signals for data processing and display. Engineering a suitable display with appropriate interfacing with the anesthesiologist is one of the major problems to be solved. As higher levels of processing become available and as the display technique develops, the array of instruments in the operating room will become an integrated information system to better support and aid the anesthesiologist. PMID- 6669100 TI - The medical laser: an indispensable tool of the physician and surgeon. AB - The enormous proliferation of developments in the field of lasers has brought many changes and improvements to medicine. Lasers generate electromagnetic radiation unique in nature: Their light is coherent, collimated, and monochromatic. Because of these qualities, laser rays can be focused to very small spots of enormous power density. The wavelengths produced by a particular type of laser are determined by the characteristic energy levels of the emitting elements in the laser medium. The wavelengths of lasers currently used in therapy and surgery range from about 400 nm to 10,600 nm; at surgical power densities and at these wavelengths, because photonic ionization of atoms does not take place, laser rays are not oncogenic. Lasers can be used for converting radiant energy into heat in living tissues, for stimulating or moderating chemical reactions, or for mechanically disrupting histologic structure. Argon-ion, carbon dioxide, helium-neon, neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet, ruby, organic-dye, and krypton-ion lasers are frequently used in medicine for therapeutic, analytical, or surgical applications. Laser use in medicine will increase as new developments bring forth new applications. PMID- 6669101 TI - Laser applications in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. AB - Lasers are increasingly being used in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. This general review discusses the use of carbon dioxide lasers for myocardial revascularization in animal studies, a report of a single clinical experience with laser revascularization of the heart, laser debridement of the gangrenous lesions of an ischemic extremity, and use of the laser for excision of chest wall tumors. Work is also being done using lasers in vaporization of atherosclerotic plaques, photoradiation therapy of bronchogenic carcinoma with hematoporphyrin derivative, and photoresection therapy of obstructive lesions of the bronchus and trachea. PMID- 6669102 TI - Microscopic and endoscopic laser surgery. AB - Lasers have been found to be very practical in improving precision in microsurgery and endoscopic surgery. An optical system by which the tissue and the interacting laser beam can be observed simultaneously under binocular magnification makes possible precise control of the laser beam. The carbon dioxide laser and the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser are both used in laser surgery--the CO2 laser is preferred for cutting and ablating tissues, and the Nd:YAG for coagulation and hemostasis of bleeding blood vessels. Future laser surgical instrumentation will take advantage of the digital information provided by computerized diagnostic equipment to drive a computer-compatible laser surgical system. PMID- 6669103 TI - Current instrumentation in laser dermatology. AB - Early laser studies noting and assessing tissue reaction to laser energy have led to significant advances in dermatology. In clinical use are the argon, carbon dioxide, and neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser systems. Current developments are to miniaturize the systems, shorten pulses, and combine various systems. Current applications include tumor, wart, condylomata acuminata, and port wine mark removal; vascular surgery; for diseases of the skin; and as an adjuvant to other surgical procedures. Laser surgery is, briefly, the use of various laser systems for dermatological surgery, including microsurgery. Laser dermatological medicine is the rapidly developing discipline essentially for diagnosis and for investigative studies in dermatologic photobiology. PMID- 6669105 TI - Development of a laser center. AB - Since Grant Hospital obtained its carbon dioxide laser in December 1981, another CO2 laser and tunable dye, argon, and neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers have been added to its Laser Center. A multidisciplined approach to developing the hospital's Laser Center has been successful, with an average of 100 laser operations performed each month by oncologic surgeons, gynecologists, general surgeons, neurosurgeons, dermatologists, gastroenterologists, otolaryngologists, and urologists. This article relates to the rationale for establishing a laser center and the steps in its development. PMID- 6669104 TI - Lasers in plastic and general surgery. AB - Physicians have worked with basic scientists to develop lasers suitable for surgical applications. Because the use of lasers offers improved coagulation and reduced bleeding, applications in surgery have developed rapidly. Plastic surgery and dermatology have realized important advances with the development of laser surgery. The argon laser is commonly used in plastic surgery; the carbon dioxide laser is useful in treating patients with complications such as infections or clotting abnormalities. The CO2 laser is important in cancer surgery, as an adjuvant to liver surgery, and in pancreatic surgery. Photoradiation is an exciting new area of laser use being developed. PMID- 6669106 TI - In-house CT service: the next clinical engineering crossroads. AB - Most acute-care hospitals in the United States own at least one computed tomography scanner. Service contracts offered by scanner manufacturers cost approximately 10% of the equipment's purchase price. Equivalent service support can be provided at a lower cost to scanner owners by a CT scanner service group, in which a program director and a senior biomedical equipment technician in a central office oversee purchase of replacement parts and supervise and train biomedical equipment technicians assigned to each participating hospital. The service group saves money by purchasing replacement parts in quantity from a less expensive source than the CT manufacturer, and by employing a technician at each hospital rather than having one BMET travel between several hospitals. Scanner downtime is significantly reduced because the staff technician is available immediately in the event of equipment failure and routine preventive maintenance tasks can be performed after business hours. By encouraging communication and cooperation the service group enables the technicians to keep abreast of the latest technology. PMID- 6669107 TI - Digital subtraction angiography: principles, techniques, and applications. AB - Digital subtraction angiography is a safe, rapid, cost-saving procedure that can be performed on an outpatient basis to obtain information comparable to that obtained with conventional angiography. Recent technological developments have allowed greater contrast sensitivity, making DSA a feasible alternative to conventional angiography. Problems with DSA result mainly from patient motion. The overall accuracy of DSA ranges from 97% in the carotids to about 90% in evaluation of main renal artery stenosis. DSA is currently of limited use in evaluation of the pulmonary or coronary arteries. PMID- 6669108 TI - Recommendations for designing device improvements. AB - Some design changes in medical equipment could effect improved safe use and performance. These include identification of potential circuit breaker failure due to overload, add-ons to provide operational data on an electrosurgical unit, and numbering and coding systems to facilitate device identification. PMID- 6669109 TI - Systemic organ assessment using computerized profiles. AB - Clinical monitoring of isolated parameters may lead to erroneous conclusions or conflicting speculations about the patient's general physiological status. Data derived from two or three primary parameters may provide a better understanding of the patient's overall status. Four automated profiles have been designed to aid in the management of critically ill patients. Data obtained from simple blood and urinary tests are used to compute parameters for various physiologic, renal, respiratory, and metabolic functions. The derived data are plotted in hard-copy form. A sequential series of each profile assists the physician in making intelligent and rapid therapeutic decisions and in evaluating the effectiveness of this therapy. PMID- 6669110 TI - Exotic parasitic infections in Australia. PMID- 6669111 TI - Issues of in-vitro fertilization. PMID- 6669112 TI - Spider bites in Australia. There are still some mysteries. PMID- 6669114 TI - AIDS. PMID- 6669113 TI - Anaesthesia in rural areas. PMID- 6669115 TI - Use of antibiotic agents in a large teaching hospital. PMID- 6669116 TI - Salt restriction. PMID- 6669117 TI - Therapeutic abortion, premature labour and cervical incompetence. PMID- 6669118 TI - Pathogenesis of overuse syndromes affecting the upper limb. PMID- 6669119 TI - Bee venom immunotherapy. PMID- 6669120 TI - Fatality caused by inhalation of "liquid paper" correction fluid. PMID- 6669121 TI - Aluminium, choline transportation and Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 6669122 TI - Appendicectomy and yersiniosis. PMID- 6669123 TI - Chiropractic and epilepsy. PMID- 6669124 TI - Surfboard-riding injuries. AB - The results of a study aimed at determining the nature, rate, and cause of traumatic surfing injuries by gathering injury data directly from surfers rather than by retrospective analysis of hospital or first-aid station records are reported. Three hundred and forty-six surfers of varying ages, experience, and competence reported 337 injuries sustained over a two-year period. The most common injuries requiring medical attention or resulting in inability to surf were lacerations (41%) and soft-tissue injuries (35%). The high incidence of back and shoulder sprains and strains has not previously been reported. As the rate of moderate and severe injuries among the sample was calculated to be 3.5 injuries per 1000 surfing days, and because more than 25% of the lacerations were caused by the sharp fin, or by the tail, or by the nose of the surfboard, some safety modifications in board design or structure may be necessary. PMID- 6669125 TI - Non-melanotic skin cancer and solar keratoses in Victoria. AB - The light-exposed areas of the head and neck, forearms, and dorsum of each hand were examined in 2113 adults during a one-week study. The study was conducted in the isolated Victorian rural city of Maryborough which is situated in the northern part of the Central Highlands district. Of 2113 subjects, 49 (2.32%) had at least one skin cancer and 1202 (56.9%) had at least one solar keratosis. Histological confirmation of all skin cancers and doubtful solar keratoses was obtained. Age, skin type, and sunlight exposure were the major factors influencing the prevalence of solar keratoses and skin cancers. PMID- 6669126 TI - The clinician and therapeutic drug monitoring. PMID- 6669127 TI - Cardiovascular collapse and propranolol overdose. AB - We report three cases of propranolol overdose in two patients, both of whom suffered cardiovascular collapse after receiving an emetic compound in a hospital's casualty department. Such a collapse may be caused by vagal activity in the presence of sympathetic beta-blockade. We recommend the administration of atropine, which may increase vagal tone, before a patient receives an emetic compound, or undergoes gastric lavage or endotracheal intubation. PMID- 6669128 TI - Reptiles of the mind. The fascination of dinosaurs. PMID- 6669129 TI - A summing up. PMID- 6669130 TI - Survival after severe envenomation by the blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena maculosa). AB - I report two cases of life-endangering respiratory failure after envenomation by a blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena maculosa). Early and efficient support of respiratory function is vital in such cases. Cardiac asystole occurred in one patient. Both patients recovered completely after the vigorous application of routine resuscitation techniques. PMID- 6669131 TI - Red-back spider (Latrodectus mactans hasselti) envenomation in a neonate. AB - A case of red-back spider (Latrodectus mactans hasselti) envenomation in a neonate is presented. The signs of envenomation in a neonate are discussed, together with the dose of antivenom necessary for the successful treatment of envenomation. In episodes of untractable crying in neonates, the possibility that the baby has been bitten by a red-back spider should be considered. PMID- 6669132 TI - Munchausen's syndrome and self-induced illness in gynaecology. AB - Self-induced, or factitious, illness is probably more common than it is thought to be, as the condition often goes undetected or is never proved. At its most florid (Munchausen's syndrome), the extent to which patients go to influence the diagnosis and treatment is remarkable. Once this clever deception and pathological lying are uncovered, patients with Munchausen's syndrome become belligerent and usually promptly discharge themselves from hospital. A high index of suspicion is warranted whenever a patient has an abnormal psychiatric history or has worked in the paramedical field. PMID- 6669133 TI - Pulmonary paragonimiasis in an immigrant from Laos. AB - A chest X-ray film, taken in a refugee camp in Thailand six months before a 25 year-old Laotian farmer arrived in Australia, demonstrated lesions which were assumed to be tubercular. Despite antituberculous chemotherapy, the lesions continued to grow. On the man's arrival in Australia, cytological examination of bronchial washings showed the presence of numerous Paragonimus ova, and the patient received treatment with praziquantel. Paragonimiasis should be suspected in a Southeast-Asian refugee who presents with a pulmonary lesion which is similar to that of tuberculosis. PMID- 6669134 TI - Cysticercosis of the fourth ventricle. A classic presentation of an old scourge. AB - The clinical, neuroradiological, and pathological features of cysticercosis of the fourth ventricle, which occurred in a Cambodian immigrant, are reported. Comparisons between this case and Bruns' original description of cysticercosis of the fourth ventricle are made. PMID- 6669135 TI - Visual hallucinations. The Charles Bonnet syndrome and bereavement. AB - We describe three cases in which vivid visual hallucinations were experienced by elderly female patients who suffered from ocular disorders. The experiences followed the death of the patients' spouses. We discuss the possible association between the Charles Bonnet syndrome and bereavement. PMID- 6669136 TI - Hypotensive activity of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in rats with various types of hypertension. PMID- 6669137 TI - Evaluation of chemical aerosol spray disinfection in the operating room. PMID- 6669138 TI - Inhibition by retinoids of the proliferation of a murine melanoma cell line in vitro. PMID- 6669140 TI - The limitations of psychiatric diagnoses. PMID- 6669141 TI - 17th annual meeting, American Association for Cancer Education. November 16 November 19, 1983, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Abstracts. PMID- 6669139 TI - Plasma catecholamine response to hypotension induced by trimethaphan and by sodium nitroprusside during nitrous oxide-oxygen-fentanyl anesthesia. PMID- 6669142 TI - The Samuel C. Harvey memorial lecture: Progress and responsibilities of educators in smoking control. PMID- 6669143 TI - Conference on a new look at older drugs in cancer treatment: Project to Review Older Drugs (PROD). Sponsored by the Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, June 8-9, 1982, at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. PMID- 6669144 TI - A computer-based system for the study of ECG/VCG variability. AB - A description is given of a computer-based system for electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram analysis. Its main purpose is to provide a basic research and study tool of the variability occurring in electrocardiographic activity when the observation time is of the order of 30 min. System/operator interaction is designed to allow the user to validate or correct the identifications executed by the program. Special attention is given to graphic representation techniques suitable for synthesizing a great many numerical results. Data acquisition and analysis are performed by two different PDP 11 systems. The acquisition programs are written in ASSEMBLER, the analysis programs are in FORTRAN. Intermediate files are structured by a data compression technique. At present the program is oriented to study normal subjects. A new version to study bundle-branch blocks is now available. PMID- 6669145 TI - Evaluation of specific pick-ups and preamplifiers for the recording of heart vibrations. AB - Experiments have shown that pick-ups used for the recording of heart vibrations (apexcardiography, phonocardiography) can influence the vibrations of the soft tissue chest wall to which they are applied. This influence is most pronounced in the medium and high frequency range (10 . . . . . 1000 Hz). Owing to the mechanical loading effect of the pick-up on the chest wall, the vibrations are attenuated and distorted. This is also shown with respect to pure mass loading of the chest wall. The loading effect on the chest wall (coupling function) has been studied by us in the frequency-domain as well as in the time-domain on 6 normal subjects who were in the recumbent position. Typical parameters of the coupling function have been established in relation to mass loading. An empirical formula has been found for the degree of attenuation of the vibrations caused by the load. In order to perform these investigations, a special seismic pick-up FYSPac2 has been constructed which will load the tissue to a slight degree only. Its mass is 1 g and it has a flat frequency response up to 1 kHz and a high sensitivity (12 pC m-1s2). The problem of the vibration measurement on soft tissue is discussed here in its whole context: the loading effect of the pick-up, the sensitivity (and bandwidth) of the pick-up as well as the quality of the preamplifier as regards its transfer characteristics and its electronic noise level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6669146 TI - Stroke volume in the dog: measurements by the impedance technique and thermodilution. AB - The main objective of this paper was to assess the efficacy of a laboratory prototype cardio impedance meter, to determine stroke volume in experimental dogs, using Kubicek's classic model. A second objective, complementary to the first, was to evaluate the method itself, under the carefully controlled condition in which cardiac frequency was increased from the initial to the final value. Measurements were performed on ten mongrel dogs (average body weight = 15.2 kg, SD = 4.7), employing the standard thermodilution procedure as reference. Based on a total of 179 determinations (about 18 per animal), the following regression equation was obtained: SVd = (0.36 SVz + 3.94) ml where SVd = stroke volume by thermodilution, SVz = stroke volume by impedance, with a standard error of the estimate SEE = 4.26 ml, a coefficient of variation CV = 32.8%, and 0.84 as correlation r. Thus, the impedance technique overestimated consistently by an average factor in the order of 2. These conclusions were made: In the experimental dog, the impedancimetric method can measure non-invasively directional and relative changes in stroke volume; this permits the effect of several types of maneuvres to be followed on a beat-to-beat basis. The lack of accuracy would require the development of a more sophisticated mathematical model; however, a practical statistical expression for laboratory use is easily derivable, making the determination as if the measurement had been made with the thermodilution procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6669147 TI - Topography of brain electrical activity: a bioengineering approach. AB - The aim of this work is to describe a system for the mono- and bi-dimensional analysis of brain electrical activity. The analysis was carried on either by visual inspection of mono- and bi-dimensional data, or by automatic feature extraction from the bidimensional data. Because of the importance of visual inspection for the analysis of experimental data, particular care was devoted to optimize the displayed data perceptually. For automatic screening of large amounts of data (and to allow long term studies of clinical records), statistical facilities were also provided. One purpose of the system was to develop image processing algorithms oriented toward biomedical images, that could be easily implemented on special purpose, low cost hardware, like VLSI or microcomputer arrays. This was possible because of the modularity of the larger part of bidimensional processing, such as interpolation and statistical analysis. Results of an experiment on Visual Evoked Response are presented, showing that through abidimensional analysis of the recorded data the resolution achievable in the localization of brain electrical activity can be increased to less than 1 cm. PMID- 6669148 TI - Phantom measurements and error estimation in volume determination with ECG triggered cardio-computed tomography. AB - The ECG-triggered CT-imaging-procedure (computed tomography system SOMATOM with ECG unit) provides the possibility of displaying the beating heart in each of its individual mobility phases. Thus the telediastolic and telesystolic volumes of the left ventricle can be determined approximately, and from this its ejection fraction. The present paper describes measurements on moving phantoms (acryl plate, fluid-filled balloon). They give an estimation of the accuracy with which cross-sectional areas can be determined by the above-mentioned CT-system as a function of the frequency of the movement and of the number of tube rotations per slice. Basing on those models and not paying regard to further sources of error as for example an irregular heartbeat, it is found that the ejection fraction can be determined with a relative error of +/- 11% . . . +/- 13% depending on the beat frequency. PMID- 6669149 TI - [Seasonal variations in the occurrence of acute leukemias in children]. PMID- 6669150 TI - [Primary suppurative myositis. Presentation of 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 6669151 TI - [Congenital diaphragmatic hernia with delayed onset. Description of a case]. PMID- 6669152 TI - [Cystic dilatation of the choledochus in infants. Clinical contribution]. PMID- 6669153 TI - [Acute neonatal boric acid poisoning. Report of a case with favorable evolution after peritoneal dialysis treatment and review of the literature]. PMID- 6669154 TI - [Pulmonary scintigraphy in the young child, with special reference to the "small lung"]. PMID- 6669155 TI - [Ketone body deficiency as a possible cause of neonatal tremor]. PMID- 6669156 TI - [Evaluation of the total IgE in the allergopathic child]. PMID- 6669157 TI - [Experience with parents of epileptic children. A proposal for intervention]. PMID- 6669158 TI - [Partial chromosomal aberrations. Considerations on a case of trisomy 21 caused by rob translocation (14; 21)]. PMID- 6669159 TI - Effect of arsenical drugs on glutathione metabolism of Litomosoides carinii. AB - Despite centuries of therapeutic use, the mechanism of action of arsenicals against various diseases remains unknown. Because of the known inhibition of sulfhydryl-containing enzymes by arsenicals, we investigated the possibility that the anti-filarial effects of arsenical drugs might be exerted specifically through impairment of parasite thiol metabolism. We find: (1) arsenicals readily inhibit glutathione reductase of Litomosoides carinii but have little effect upon mammalian enzyme. (2) Administration of Melarsen B to filaria-infected gerbils causes decreases in filarial - but not host - glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione. (3) Such in vivo treatment does not, however, acutely affect parasite energy (ATP) metabolism. These results support the proposition that arsenicals may act through preferential interference with parasite thiol metabolism. The much greater susceptibility of parasite glutathione reductase to inhibition by arsenicals suggests that this enzyme may be a useful point of attack for new drugs. PMID- 6669160 TI - The free amino acid pool in Leishmania tropica promastigotes. AB - The principal constituents of the free amino acid pool in Leishmania tropica promastigotes include alanine, glycine, serine, threonine, alpha-aminobutyric acid and ethanolamine. Changes in levels of the pool constituents during starvation, nutrient supplementation and treatment with a metabolic inhibitor (sodium fluoride) were followed. Several enzymes capable of converting amino acids to Krebs cycle intermediates were identified. It is suggested that during prolonged starvation which is accompanied by enhanced proteolysis, these enzymes enable the cells to utilize endogenous amino acids as carbon and energy sources. This is compatible with previous reports that Leishmania promastigotes in culture could grow on amino acids as growth substrates when carbohydrates are totally lacking. PMID- 6669161 TI - Sialic acid deficiency in lectin-resistant intestinal brush border membranes from rats following the intestinal phase of trichinellosis. AB - Maximal binding (Bmax) of the lectin, wheat germ agglutinin, by small intestinal brush border membrane is significantly reduced in rats infected with Trichinella spiralis. Wheat germ agglutinin specificity is for N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid. Whereas total hexosamine and N-acetylglucosaminidase-labile N acetylglucosamine were comparable in membranes from uninfected as compared with infected rats, the total sialic acid content and neuraminidase-released sialic acid were significantly higher in BBM from uninfected hosts. N Acetylglucosaminidase treatment of membranes reduced Bmax for wheat germ agglutinin in both hosts. Neuraminidase treatment reduced Bmax in uninfected hosts, but tended to increase it in infected rats. Membranes from uninfected rats incorporated more N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-[14C]acetylglucosamine into oligosaccharide-lipid than did membranes from infected hosts. However, lipid and protein fractions were labeled at the same rate in both sets of membranes. Sialic acid was incorporated into protein at a slightly faster rate in brush border membrane from uninfected rats, indicative of a higher level of sialotransferase activity. These results suggest that the reduction in Bmax for wheat germ agglutinin in gut epithelial cell membranes from infected rats is related to a reduced level of sialic acid available for lectin binding as well as specific interactions between N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid. PMID- 6669163 TI - Identification of exposed components on the surface of adult Schistosoma mansoni by lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination. AB - Adult schistosomes have been labelled with 125I using the lactoperoxidase catalysed technique modified to cause minimal worm damage. After surface membrane removal and characterization, at least 13 labelled proteins were identified together with a large amount of labelled glycolipids, free fatty acids and phospholipids, especially phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Cationised ferritin has been used to stimulate surface membrane turnover of iodinated worms and the shedding of covalently bound 125I-counts used as an index of turnover. Finally worms have been iodinated before and after stimulation of membrane turnover in chemically defined media and the patterns of labelled proteins were compared. PMID- 6669162 TI - Tegument surface membranes of adult Schistosoma mansoni: development of a method for their isolation. AB - Several approaches to surface membrane stripping have been applied to the adult schistosome. Membrane removal was evaluated by the use of different extrinsic and intrinsic markers of which alkaline phosphatase proved to be the most reliable. After initial studies employing incubation of worms in buffer alone, Triton X-100 or freeze/thaw, the last method was chosen for development. The final method applies a single freeze/thaw step to adult worms in balanced salt solution followed by short bursts of agitation on a vortex mixer to release the tegument. Differential and density gradient steps subsequently yield a final membrane pellet enriched over 130 times in surface alkaline phosphatase. The method has been characterized during its development using electron microscopy and enzyme markers for contaminant worm fractions. PMID- 6669164 TI - Effect of sudden fluctuations of temperature on sporulation of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. AB - Six races of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici were grown on detached leaves of Agra Local wheat and RS 6 barley. On both hosts each race grew and sporulated better when kept at one set of temperature conditions (25 degrees C for 24 hrs + 15 degrees C for 48 hrs + 20 degrees C for 20 days) than at another (25 degrees C for 24 hrs + 15 degrees C for 20 days). PMID- 6669165 TI - New data on the epidemiology of Tinea cruris in Israel. AB - Among 250 patients with tinea cruris (160 males, 90 females) lesions of both tinea pedis and tinea unguium were found in 221 and lesions of only tinea pedis in another 25. The four children were free of associated dermatophytic lesions. The predominant causative agent was T. rubrum, which was also found to be responsible for the hairy area invasion of the beard and pubis in 12 patients and for the widespread lesions of tinea corporis in 10 patients with lymphoma. None of these patients had noticed the discrete nail and foot involvement. It is therefore recommended that all patients with tinea cruris be subjected to careful examination of all possible mycotic foci, particularly the feet and nails. PMID- 6669167 TI - Circling syndrome and inner ear disease in mice infected intraperitoneally or intravenously with Coccidioides immitis spherule-endospore phase cultures. AB - Infection was studied in mice with varying doses of spherule-endospore phase cultures of Coccidioides immitis, administered intraperitoneally, intravenously and intranasally. Stain 46 was compared with strain Silveira. The first of these is relatively avirulent in the mycelial phase, the second, rather virulent. Animals were observed for acute death and for circling. Gross and microscopic pathology was studied in mice sacrificed at appropriate intervals after infection. Numbers of fungi were assayed in spleen, lung, kidney, liver, blood, brain, and ear tissue. Strain 46 endospores administered intraperitoneally in doses from 9 X 10(6) to 2.5 X 10(7) produced a high incidence of 'circling syndrome' ataxia attributable to inner ear disease. PMID- 6669168 TI - [Superficial mycoses in a wooded region of Gabon: results of fungus isolation]. AB - The authors draw up an inventory of the dermatophytes in Gabon (13 species isolated from 593 people in the wet and hot forest). They show the clear prevalence of Microsporum langeroni, Trichophyton soudanense, Trichophyton rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton violaceum also is fairly often isolated. More infrequently, they find T. mentagrophytes, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, T. gourvili, M. canis, M. audouini, T. yaoundei, M. gypseum. PMID- 6669166 TI - Saprophytic fungi isolated from the hair of domestic and laboratory animals with suspected dermatophytosis. AB - Hair samples from domestic and laboratory animals with suspected dermatophytosis were examined for the presence of saprophytic fungi. A nutritionally poor base medium, developed by the author, was used in the isolation and identification of the saprophytes. Three hundred and ninety-four specimens were examined of which 246 were from dogs, 75 from cats, 30 from horses, 19 from cows, 12 from guinea pigs, 5 from rats, 2 from parakeets, 2 from chinchillas and one each from a goat, a mink and a lesser panda (Ailurus fulgens). Moulds classified in 32 genera were isolated. The commonest in order of frequency were members of the genera Penicillium, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Mucor, Aureobasidium, Alternaria, Scopulariopsis, Trichoderma and Trichothecium. The yeasts that were isolated were not identified. Aureobasidium pullulans was isolated significantly more often (chi 2 test p less than 0.025) from the dog samples than those from cats, Cladosporium spp. in the samples from dogs than horses, Mucor spp. from the cow samples than horses, Penicillium spp. from the dog samples than those of cats or horses. Skin infections caused by any of the contaminants were not encountered. PMID- 6669169 TI - Passive immunization in murine mucormycosis. AB - Antibody raised in mice against mycelial homogenates of Rhizomucor pusillus was effective in passive immunization against pulmonary and disseminated mucormycosis (phycomycosis) in immunocompromised mice. Mice intranasally inoculated and infected with Rh. pusillus and treated with antisera had a statistically significant increased resistance to infection and a diminished secondary dissemination of viable fungal fragments. Histological examination of infected lung tissues showed that antibody treated animals were apparently able to degrade hyphal fragments. PMID- 6669170 TI - [Immunologic profile of a patient with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis]. AB - Sporotrichosis is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations from mild fixed cutaneous forms to systemic dissemination of the disease, despite an apparent regular pattern of virulence of the etiological agent, S. schenckii. These facts suggest that immunological mechanisms of the host could play an important role on the pathogenesis of the mycosis. On this basis, an immunologic survey was carried out in patients with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis. Cell mediated immunity was evaluated by means of lymphocyte transformation stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin and the response to several intradermal reaction antigens. Lymphocyte blastic transformation was normal as compared with a control group. All patients were positive at least against one of the antigens tested. These results indicate that this group of patients did not show any cell-mediated immunity deficiency. Serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA), and C3 measured to evaluate humoral immunity, were also within normality. Since many cases of sporotrichosis cure with the administration of potassium iodine, whose mechanisms of therapeutic activity are unknown, a possible impairment in the management of iodine was investigated, with the premise that iodine enhances the host defenses rather than acting against the fungus. Thyroid function tests performed in all patients to support this hypothesis, gave normal results. These data permit to conclude that susceptibility to sporotrichosis in the affected patients does not depend on gross abnormal humoral and/or cell-mediated immunity, and their response to potassium iodine is not related to deficient thyroid function. PMID- 6669171 TI - Spontaneous regression of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis. Report of a case. AB - A case of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis with spontaneous regression of the roentgenologic lesions, is reported. Regression of lesions took place within ten weeks, with the original infiltrates being replaced by fibrotic lines. The implication of this finding in the pathogenesis of paracoccidioidomycosis is analyzed. PMID- 6669172 TI - [Effect of allyl isothiocyanate on cytochrome P-450 of rat liver microsomes]. AB - The thrice-repeated oral administration of graded doses (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of body mass) of allyl mustard oil to rats resulted in a decrease of the cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 contents of the liver microsomes. There occurred a dose dependent increase in mass of this organ. PMID- 6669173 TI - Proteic-anabolic capacity in rats--influence of the quality and quantity of dietary protein. AB - The effect of quality (casein + 5% DL-methionine, normal or heated at 180 degrees C for 20 min) and quantity (4%, 6%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of dietary protein on food intake, weight increase and nitrogen retention, has been studied in both sexes weaning Nestle rats. Our results show that food intake, when expressed as g dry matter/100 g body weight and day, is not dependent on the quality and quantity of dietary protein. Weight increase goes up at a 10% dietary protein level. At higher protein levels (15% and 20%) values are only maintained. Protein quality do not cause any difference. Nitrogen retention goes up on increasing dietary protein level, with a maximum at 10% casein-methionine and 15% heated protein, being retention heated casein-methionine significantly lower. At a higher protein level, the maximal anabolic capacity for protein is maintained. Maximum Protein Productive Value (PPV) is obtained from diets containing 10% protein level (normal or heated). There is a significant decrease at higher protein levels (15% and 20%). The PPV of heated casein-methionine is lower than PPV of normal one at 6%, 10%, 15% and 20% protein levels. The results state that in our assays, in spite of the good quality of heated casein-methionine, its metabolic efficiency is below non heated protein values even when protein contribution is increased. We can assume that protein quantity is not a balancing factor for protein quality. PMID- 6669174 TI - [Development and testing of protein mixtures based on blood and collagen]. AB - Using the results of the chemical amino acid analyses of the unconventional proteins blood, collagen and wool and the conventional proteins soya, maize and casein, protein mixtures were developed. The quality of the protein mixtures was estimated in feeding experiments with growing male Sprague-Dawley rats and expressed as protein efficiency ratio (PER). Different blood parameters and the weight of some organs were also recorded. Blood, collagen and wool protein are very poor in different essential amino acids, therefore their quality is very low, it can however be significantly improved when they are fed in mixtures with other animal or plant proteins of higher quality. In mixtures of three components only containing blood (10--40%), collagen (10--25%) and casein (50 to 70%) the deficit in the content of essential amino acids cannot be compensated. Rats fed with such diets showed, however, decreased food intake and depressed growth. The relative PER values of those mixtures were 44--69% of that of casein. The best supplementing effect on the imbalanced amino acid patterns was achieved when the protein mixture was developed from 4 or 5 different proteins. The quality of these five-component-mixtures amounted to 94--100% of that of casein. In these mixtures the percentage of casein in the protein mixture amounted to only 35% and soya or maize to 15%. Exactly 50% of the protein supply could be derived from hydrolysates of the unconventional proteins blood, collagen and wool. PMID- 6669175 TI - [Evaluation of the quality of protein mixtures based on collagen and blood. Comparison of biological and chemical evaluation criteria in rats]. AB - The quality of protein mixtures on the basis of blood protein, collagen, wool and other proteins was tested using different chemical and biological criteria of protein evaluation. Before mixing the single proteins were hydrolysed enzymatically by means of acid or alkaline proteinases. In this study the influence of both hydrolysis processes on the bioavailability of the protein mixtures was also considered. The N-balance experiments were carried out with weanling Sprague-Dawley rats in groups of n = 6 animals each. The estimated BV's showed that the protein quality was significantly affected by both hydrolysis procedures especially when the hydrolysates were compared with the non-hydrolysed protein components. The BV's also showed that the quality of all mixtures of protein hydrolysates was less than that of casein (reference protein) and the availability of the alkaline hydrolysed proteins better than that with acid proteinase treated proteins. This result could be confirmed by the calculated chemical criteria E/T- and E/N-ratios, EAA-Index and Arnould-Index. The results of the growth-criteria PER, NPR and RNV did neither correspond with each other nor they were of good agreement with N-balance based BV and NPU. PMID- 6669176 TI - The toxicity of the daily intake of nitrite and dimethylamine. AB - It is known that sodium nitrite and dimethylamine are toxic compounds, which may react to form dimethylnitrosamine in the gastro-intestinal tract, a much more toxic compound and a powerful cancerogen. The aim of the present work is the investigation of toxicity in young rats, caused by daily intake of sodium nitrite, administered together with dimethylamine during 30 days. The indicators examined were: histopathological analysis of the liver and kidney, transaminase in blood serum, variations in body weight and relation of weight liver/body weight. The method of analysis used to determine transaminase was that reported by Reintman and Frankel in 1957. The statistical method employed was the test of multiple comparisons based on the total ranges of Cruskal-Wallis. The results show that either significant differences were found (alpha = 0,05) among the groups (including the control), nor was necrosis observed or forming of tumors in the organs under investigation. Therefore, the doses administered does not seem to be toxic under the conditions of the experiment. Some signs of toxicity found in the group which was severely treated (10 mg of sodium nitrite and 20 mg of dimethylamine) appeared only in a few animals and it is necessary to verify the same in experiments with more animals and over a longer period of treatment. PMID- 6669177 TI - [Reactions of the cat cortical field 7 during elaboration of a defensive conditioned reflex]. AB - Neuronal activity of the parietal association cortex (field 7) was recorded in waking cats during and after defensive conditioning to sound. In 68% of neurons changes in impulse activity were observed with the appearance of first conditioned limb movements. The impulse responses of the neurons were stable only in the presence of conditioned limb movements; they disappeared during extinction of the reflex. In 46% of neurons the impulse activity appeared 50-450 ms before the conditioned movements of the limb. "Characteristic" impulse responses to paired stimuli preceded a quick flexion of the limb in response to electric skin stimulation. PMID- 6669178 TI - [Effect of the destruction of the basolateral nuclei of the amygdala on the character of the electrical activity of the dorsomedial nucleus of the rat thalamus]. AB - Characteristics of the thalamic dorsomedial nucleus slow and neuronal activity in different periods after the basolateral amygdala destruction were studied in semichronic experiments on anesthetized rats. Periodic spontaneous transformation of neuronal activity in rhythmic bursts and development of burst seizure activity were observed 1.5-2h after the destruction. Seizure activity was characterized by groups of 4-6 acute waves appearing at a frequency of 1.5 +/- 0.3 Hz. A change in the coefficient of correlation between the duration of seizure activity and its frequency was determined. Interference between seizure activity and orthodromic focal potentials caused by stimulation of the periamygdaloid cortex and anterior amygdaloid area was shown. Dorsomedial nucleus neurons with long (up to 1 s) responses in the form of impulse rhythmic bursts or tonic activation correlating with the appearance of rhythmic afterdischarge were described. Seizure activity was most expressed during 3-4 days after the amygdala destruction. A disorder of the dorsomedial nucleus transmitting and integrative function associated with seizure activity is supposed to be one of the mechanisms of the change of adaptive behaviour in amygdalectomized animals. PMID- 6669179 TI - [Electrophysiologic study of the central projections of the ampullae of Lorenzini in the skate]. AB - A large portion of the central nervous system of the skate Raja radiata was examined for responses related to single electroreceptor organs (ampullae of Lorenzini) or their groups. It was shown that electroreceptors project to the anterior lateral lobes of the medulla, caudal portion of the auricles and the mesencephalon. A topographic segregation of electroreceptors (to the anterior lateral lobes) and mechanical lateral afferents (to the posterior lateral lobes) was found. Unit receptive fields in the anterior lateral lobe showed no absolute somatotopic organization of electroreceptive input. Three main types of mesencephalic responses were found: ipsilateral, contralateral and both ipsi- and contralateral. PMID- 6669180 TI - [Activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells in the rat in response to stimulation of the inferior olive]. AB - Electrical stimulation of inferior olive has been used to activate the climbing fibres input to cerebellar Purkinje cells in anesthetized rats. It has shown that typical Purkinje cell response to single impulse (0.5 ms duration) stimulation is a complex spike consisting of 2-6 spikes with frequency ranging from 450 to 500 spikes/sec. The mean latency of the Purkinje cell response is 5.8 +/- 0.6 (3-12) ms. PMID- 6669181 TI - [Orientation selectivity of visually sensitive neurons of the lateral suprasylvian region of the cat cerebral cortex]. AB - Orientation selectivity of single units was found in a lateral suprasylvian area of cat, which has not been described previously. Changes of orientational tuning and preferred orientation in time were revealed by the "time slices" method. PMID- 6669182 TI - The use of animal models to evaluate the effects of neurotoxins on cognitive processes. AB - Neurotoxins often produce substantial changes in cognitive functions, particularly memory. Animal models are useful to determine the pathological changes underlying these behavioral symptoms, and the psychological mechanisms responsible for them. Criteria for the development of productive animal models are presented. These are illustrated in the context of an animal model to evaluate changes in short-term memory that occur following damage to the central nervous system, particularly the hippocampus. PMID- 6669184 TI - Trimethyltin induced pathology in sensory neurons. AB - Pathologic changes in the retina, inner ear, pyriform cortex, olfactory tubercle, and dorsal root ganglia as a result of trimethyltin (TMT) intoxication were investigated. Long-Evans rats were orally intubated with TMT chloride at a dose of 6.0 mg TMT/kg b.w. Swelling of the optic fiber layer and necrotic changes in the ganglion and inner nuclear layers were observed in the retina as early as 72 hours after intoxication. Large segments of the retina were devoid of ganglion cells at later posttreatment times. The inner ear was also found to be extremely vulnerable to the toxicity of TMT. Edematous swelling of the hair cells and vacuolar changes of the spiral ganglion cells in the Organ of Corti were observed 24 hours after TMT exposure. Extensive destruction of these structures was evident 15-30 days after intoxication. Small neurons in the olfactory cortex (pyriform cortex and olfactory tubercle) also degenerated rapidly after TMT exposure. Electron microscopy demonstrated lysosomal accumulation and vacuolar changes in these nerve cells. Extensive destruction of both the pyriform cortex and olfactory cortex was observed 15 days after exposure. Although no necrotic change was observed in the neurons of the dorsal root ganglia, electron microscopy revealed extensive accumulation of lysosomes and formation of myeloid bodies both in the neuronal bodies and dorsal root fibers. Vacuolar breakdown and dissolution of the Nissl substance were found in some neurons. Thirty days after treatment, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the neuronal mitochondria were observed. Such a change was believed to represent a compensatory response by these organelles. These findings provide the first morphological evidence of neuronal damage in the sensory neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system following acute TMT administration. PMID- 6669183 TI - Neurotoxic actions of methylmercury on the primate visual system. AB - Visual system consequences of exposure to methylmercury were studied in six adult, macaque monkeys. Visual field measures, visual thresholds, and morphological examination were used to determine the nature and possible reversibility of alterations in vision. Visual field constriction (especially in the inferior-nasal field) was an early and apparently reversible indicator of methylmercury intoxication. Such a field loss was found in the absence of either visual threshold changes or morphologic alterations in visual cortex. More severe poisoning resulted in persistent field constriction, disruption of visual thresholds, and death. A single monkey showed a permanent, bilateral concentric constriction of visual fields. The locus of visual cortex pathology in this monkey corresponded to the projection of the peripheral visual field. PMID- 6669185 TI - Computer assisted sensory examination to detect and quantitate sensory deficit in diabetic neuropathy. AB - In this report we describe computer assisted systems to evaluate cutaneous sensation to detect raised thresholds of cutaneous sensation. Normative data has been obtained so that thresholds are known for face, hand and foot. Results show that thresholds vary with site, age, and sex. Among more than 100 diabetic patients whose vibratory, touch-pressure and thermal cooling thresholds were evaluated a raised threshold was demonstrated in 49%, 37% and 33%, respectively. This provides helpful knowledge for protocol trials of diabetic neuropathy. Because these approaches provide sensitive and reliable evaluation of deficits of cutaneous sensation not possible with rapid and inexpensive approaches, we suggest that they might find a place in neurotoxin surveillance. PMID- 6669187 TI - [Problems of expressing lipase lipoprotein activity in adipose tissue in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 6669186 TI - [Variations in vitro of the efficacy of quinolones as a function of pH]. AB - pH induced changes of bacteriostatic activity of nalidixic, pipemidic and oxolinic acids have been studied in vitro by the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), on 9 different species and 172 strains, at pH 5, 6, 7 and 8 and with increasing antibiotic concentrations. The bacteriostatic activity of nalidixic acid is higher at acid pH and conversely the bacteriostatic effects of pipemidic and oxolinic acids are enhanced at basic pH. The relationship between pH and MIC seems to be more dependent on the type of the micro-organism than on the antibiotic which is tested. A study of the bactericidal effect of quinolones on E. Coli and Pr. Morganii has shown a sharp increase of bactericidal activity at basic pH. These results support the idea that alkalinization is a useful addition to the treatment of severe urinary infections by quinolones. PMID- 6669188 TI - [Limited indications for phenotyped blood in the prevention of transfusion induced anti-red blood cell alloimmunization in chronic kidney failure]. AB - Records from 506 multitransfused patients on a program of hemodialysis were reviewed to evaluate the incidence of transfusion-induced red cell alloimmunization. Out of 405 patients having received a total of 6608 red cell transfusions compatible for A, B and D antigens, only 7 patients (1.72%) developed allo-antibodies which may be attributed to such transfusions. Elaborate red cell phenotyping in non-immunized patients and selection of blood units compatible for other antigens than D does not accordingly appear to be justified and cost-effective. PMID- 6669189 TI - [Immunogenetics of intercapillary glomerulonephritis due to IgA deposits]. AB - Idiopathic mesangial IgA nephritis (Berger's disease) and Schonlein-Henoch purpura mesangial IgA nephritis (SHP) have a common immunopathological pattern. There is a weak association with the MHC class I antigen, B35, which is a poor prognosis marker in Berger's disease and which predisposes to renal involvement in SHP. There is also an association with the MHC class II antigen, DR4, whose signification remains unclear. Many familial cases of Berger's disease have been reported in patients bearing the HLA-B35 antigen. We proposed that Berger's disease and SHP should be viewed as a unique entity according to their common immunogenetics and also common immunopathology. PMID- 6669190 TI - Recovery of function after brain damage: differences in aged rats? AB - Age at the time of brain injury is generally considered an important determinant in recovery of function. The implication is that older individuals show less recovery. Existing data challenge this common notion, but suggest differential effects of brain damage in aged subjects. To assess these differences old rats were trained on a two-choice brightness discrimination, subjected to visual decortication, and retrained with nonreversed or reversed reinforcement contingencies. A significant reversal impairment established that sparing of function in aged rats was similar to that in adult rats. However, a significant reversal X brightness interaction suggested that the progress of recovery of function in aged rats is influenced not only by what is spared but also by whether the expression of what is spared is consistent with or antagonistic to competing innate response biases. PMID- 6669191 TI - Morphometry of nuclei, nuclear envelopes and nucleoli in aging hamster cerebrum. AB - The neuronal nucleus and nucleolus undergo extensive dimensional and configurational changes during maturation and aging, as shown in this study of pyramidal cells of the hamster motor cortex. With maturation, the increase in nuclear perimeter length per unit nuclear area was associated with an increased amount of nuclear invaginations. With maturation and aging, there was a change in nuclear caliper shape, from spherical to very nonspherical. The number of nucleoli containing microbodies peaked first at 15 days and again at 600 days. It is concluded that area, perimeter and form factor relate to nuclear caliper shape and the presence of nucleolar microbodies. The correlated changes in these parameters appear to differentially reflect stage-specific metabolic conditions related to two critical phases: (1) an early phase (10-15 days) at the inception of configurational changes leading to maturity, and (2) a late phase (600-700 days) at the inception of configurational changes leading to old age. PMID- 6669192 TI - Reduced resistance to progressive extinction in senescent rats: a neuroanatomical and behavioral study. AB - The behavior of senescent rats and mature-young rats was compared in a learning task which consisted of the acquisition of a visual discrimination task, its reversal, the induction of a progressively increasing extinction, relearning and, finally, a complete extinction training. It was found that young and old rats were statistically indistinguishable during all parts of the task, except the progressively increasing extinction. Here, the senescent animals made a significantly higher number of errors than the mature-young ones. Neuroanatomically, ventricular dilation, commissural changes and neuronal loss were observed in senescent rats. The significantly reduced number of neurons in the medial nucleus of the amygdala in old rats compared to young was not directly related to the changed behavior in the progressively increasing extinction part of the visual discrimination task. Based on the anatomical connections of the amygdala and its possible functions in learning and memory, the hypothesis is made that the medial amygdaloid nucleus is involved in the learning of changing response-reinforcement contingencies. PMID- 6669193 TI - Sexual behavior in response to testosterone in old long-term-castrated rhesus males. AB - The sexual behavior of 20-year-old long-term-castrated and intact male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was observed. In the first experiment we compared the sexual behavior of males tested in 1980 with their performance in 1970 (before castration and sham castration) and in 1971 (1 year after the operation). In 1971 and 1980, the castrated males were tested while under testosterone propionate treatment. The castrated and intact males did not differ in any measures of sexual behavior over the 10-year period, but both groups showed a decline in the percentage of tests with intromissions and ejaculations; a decline in the rates of contacting, mounting, and intromitting; and an increase in the latencies to contact, intromit, and ejaculate. In a second experiment, the sexual performances of old castrated and intact males were compared to those of young intact males (8 to 12 years). The intromission rate and the percentage of tests with intromissions were significantly greater in young males than in old intact males, but did not differ from values for old castrated males. The old castrated and old intact males did not differ from each other in these measures. Young males had a higher percentage of tests with ejaculation than either group of old males. We have concluded that old long-term-castrated rhesus males retain the potential to display sexual behavior at levels comparable to those observed in old intact males. PMID- 6669194 TI - Further studies on age-related unusual catecholamine structures in brain. AB - The occurrence of large, intensely fluorescent (LIF) catecholamine-containing spots in the brains of mice and rats has been studied by fluorescence microscopy. LIF spots in C57BL/6J mice increased in number progressively with age. Apparent differences between sexes in the number of spots were not significant at any age. A greater number of LIF spots were present in older mice and rats of different strains indicating that LIF spot formation is neither strain nor species specific. Long-term feeding of antioxidants (ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-mercaptoethylamine) to C57BL/6J mice did not alter significantly the number of LIF spots, suggesting that age-related LIF spots are formed by a mechanism other than endogenous free radical damage. PMID- 6669195 TI - [Possibilities of the measurement of pain]. PMID- 6669196 TI - [Pain tolerance and the effect of the treatment of headache by pinpoint stimulation of receptors]. AB - In 53 patients with vasomotor headache treated by one of the methods of analgesic stimulation--pinpoint receptor stimulation (prs) the correlation was assessed between pain tolerance and the effect of prs. Pain tolerance was determined by the ischaemic tourniquet test of Smith. It was found that in patients with low pain tolerance much better therapeutic results were obtained (87.5%) than in patients with high pain tolerance (38.5%). No relationship was demonstrated between pain tolerance and the duration of improvement after prs.l Pain tolerance study may be important in qualification of patients for treatment by analgesic stimulation. PMID- 6669197 TI - [Proposal for the creation of polish "pain language"]. AB - The assessment of the effectiveness of a method used in pain management based on direct opinions of the patients about the intensity of pain sensation before and after treatment has been the source of many errors. The below presented study was based on a similar one carried out in the English language by Melzack and Torgerson its purpose was to determine the usefulness of a "pain glossary" for measurements of pain intensity without any need of asking the patient about his definition of pain intensity. It was found that the Polish language has a great number of words (93) depicting the character and intensity of pain, which could be classified in several groups representing different qualities of pain sensation. The results of an inquiry investigation conducted among health service works and patients showed that most of these words corresponded to similar values of pain intensity as estimated by the patients. The author concludes that these words representing different intensities of sensation may serve as a basis for elaboration of a Polish version of the Pain Questionnaire of McGill-Melzack. PMID- 6669198 TI - [New method for the experimental production of subarachnoid hemorrhage]. AB - A new method for an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in a cat is described. It attempts to simulate closely a bleeding from a ruptured aneurysm. An approach through the mouth and presphenoid sinus offers to the internal carotid, cerebral anterior, media and anterior communicating arteries. Needle puncture produces local stress to the artery characteristic for aneurysm rupture. The bleeding occurs to the subarachnoid in a closed skull, since the bone opening untouched by the preparation. The method has been compared with other procedures for experimental subarachnoidal hemorrhage. The method is applicable to experimental studies on pathophysiological, metabolic and, vascular changes, after subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 6669199 TI - [Effect of cerebral angiography on intracranial pressure in dogs]. AB - Intracranial pressure changes in dogs after intra-arterial administration of contrast media and saline in different amounts at various flow rates were studied by the authors, using continuous epidural pressure recording. In two animals the venous pressure was measured as well. Contrast media and saline alike were found to produce similar intracranial pressure increases when given intravenously though a greater rise with longer-lasting fall and successive rise of the pressure was observed when the former were used. The increase of the amount of the medium or saline had no significant effect on the value of ultracranial pressure. PMID- 6669200 TI - [Experience of the Lublic center with the combined treatment of supratentorial glial brain tumors. Preliminary report]. AB - The results of combined treatment were analysed in 38 cases of cerebral gliomas. In the group of 14 patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated surgically and by later radiotherapy and chemotherapy by the schedule of Hildebrand a mean arrival time of 116 weeks was obtained and the one-year survival rate was 71%. In the group of inoperable gliomas (16 cases) treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy the mean survival time was 47 weeks and the one-year survival rate was 44%. PMID- 6669201 TI - [Tolosa-Hunt syndrome in a child]. AB - A case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is described in a girl aged 2.5 years with a recurrence at the age of 4.5 years. Remissions with slight residual signs were obtained after steroid treatment. The physical state showed participation of the vascular factor and the results of laboratory investigations indicated participation of the inflammatory factor in the aetiopathogenesis of the syndrome. PMID- 6669202 TI - [Cough-induced headache]. AB - The authors present a case of cough-induced headache and discuss the probable mechanism of its development. PMID- 6669203 TI - [Necessity for conducting bilateral cerebral angiography in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage]. AB - In a 47-year-old women two subarachnoid haemorrhages developed with paralysis of the right oculomotor nerve. A big aneurysm on the right internal carotid artery was closed with a clip from intracranial approach. Seven months later the left oculomotor nerve was paralysed without haemorrhage. Another operation was done on the contralateral side clipping the aneurysm on the left carotid artery. The patient tolerated well both operations. The necessary of control postoperative angiography is stressed. PMID- 6669204 TI - [Multiple post-traumatic neuromas of the cervical plexus with atypical symptoms]. AB - The report presents a patient in whom a direct trauma to the neck caused development of multiple painful neuromas of the cervical roots C2 and C4 with peculiar and rarely observed symptoms. Reconstructive operation was carried out 10 years after the injury and disappearance of persistent neurologic manifestations was obtained. PMID- 6669205 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the clinical state of patients with acute hemispheric ischemic syndrome]. AB - The authors describe a suggested scale for quantitative evaluation of the clinical condition of patients with acute ischaemic-hypoxaemic hemispheric syndrome supporting the objective value of the scale with the results of arteriographic investigations done in 340 patients. An advantage of the proposed scale is seen by the authors in its simplicity which makes possible its use by physicians from various specialties and opens the possibility of objective comparison of the therapeutic results. PMID- 6669206 TI - [Evaluation of the dynamics of cerebral blood flow by rheoencephalography in patients with ischemic stroke during the first 14 days of illness]. AB - Dynamic rheoencephalographic investigations were carried out in 52 subjects including 20 healthy ones and 32 patients with ischaemic brain strokes in the first 14 days after disease onset. The investigations demonstrated changes of the mean values of the reg index, most evident in the initial stage on the disease. The author discusses the problem whether the fluctuations of the reg index in certain patients could be due to the lately described syndromes of excessive brain perfusion and intracranial steal syndromes. PMID- 6669207 TI - [Incidence of stroke among the adult population of the Cracow-Nowa Huta district]. AB - The analysis of the first admission to hospitals showed that nearly 90% of patients with manifestations of brain stroke were referred to neurological departments. The indices of incidence calculated on the basis of first admissions were usually low, which was due to young age of the studied population. A comparison of the incidence indices standardized or age in the Nowa Huta values were nearly identical. The pattern of diagnoses resembled that reported by other authors. The most frequently observed form of brain stroke was infarction, diagnosed in over 50% of cases. PMID- 6669208 TI - [In vitro cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with multiple sclerosis. Preliminary report]. AB - Using as target cells chicken erythrocytes labelled with chromium 51Cr the cytotoxic activity (spontaneous and induced with PHA and Con A mitogens) of peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied in patients with multiple sclerosis. The control group comprised healthy subjects, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other central nervous system diseases. No changes were observed in the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis without respect to the course and a duration of the disease process. On the other hand, in patients with SLE a decrease of cytotoxic activity was observed in vitro, both spontaneous activity (p less than 0.01) and mitogen-induced (p less than 0.05) as compared with other group of patients. PMID- 6669209 TI - [Effect of the width of anastomosis between extra- and intracranial arteries on its patency in the light of the flow continuity law and Bernoulli's law]. AB - On the ground of the results obtained in microneurosurgical treatment of 60 patients with cerebral ischaemia the author analysed the factors affecting the patency of the anastomosis not connected directly with the surgical techniques. The analysis showed the significance of anastomosis width. A relatively wide anastomosis even in cases with correctly performed operation is not contributing to maintenance of patency. This may be explained, in the opinion of the author, by the relationship between the velocity of fluid flow, vessel cross-section area and value of the static pressure calculated from the stream continuity equation and Bernoulli's law. PMID- 6669210 TI - [Familial occurrence of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in children]. AB - The authors discuss the etiology and pathogenesis of SSPE in the light of own observations of two boys aged 8 and 9 years whose one grandfather and one grandmother were siblings. The boys lived in different parts of Poland and never been in contact with each other. In the light of this observation the authors discuss the possibility of a genetic background in SSPE. PMID- 6669212 TI - [Moyamoya disease--clinicopathological and etiological aspects]. PMID- 6669213 TI - [Combined radio-immuno-chemotherapy for medulloblastoma]. AB - The authors studied 10 cases of medulloblastoma by CT scan and reviewed treatment, result and pathological findings. Combined radio-chemo-immuno therapy (RAFP therapy: Radiation, ACNU, FT-207, PSK) resulted in 5 cases of complete remission and 4 cases of partial remission. In the most effective group, the tumor shadow disappeared after irradiation of 3,000 rad. In 2 cases the tumor shadow did not disappear after RAFP therapy, and total removal was performed. In pathological examination highly differentiated cell groups were recognized. For medulloblastomas we recommend a combination of radiation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, such as RAFP therapy, and if the tumor shadow still remains, surgery. PMID- 6669211 TI - [Case of coexistence of meningiomas and malignant astrocytoma]. AB - The authors report coexistence of two meningiomas (meningioma psammomatodes) and malignant astrocytoma in a woman aged 58. PMID- 6669214 TI - [Computerized tomographic evaluation of 33 cases of craniopharyngioma, with special reference to unusual extension, iso-dense cyst and homogeneous enhancement]. AB - Although craniopharyngiomas are widely known to exhibit three basic CT characteristics; calcification, cyst(s) and contrast enhancement (CE), several cases with atypical CT manifestations have been reported lately. These atypical manifestations can be classified into unusual extensions of the tumors, high dense cyst and marked homogeneous CE. The CT scans obtained in our recent series of 33 craniopharyngiomas were evaluated to analyze tumoral extensions, cyst density and CE. Cystic tumors were much more frequent than solid tumors (Table 1); 13 cases (39%) were exclusively cystic, 15 cases (45%) equally cystic and solid, and 5 case (15%) solid. Calcifications were present in 80% in children and 39% in adults. Unusual extensions were noted in 7 cases (Fig. 2,3,4); anteriorly to the frontal fossa (5 cases, 15%), laterally to the temporal fossa (1 case, 3%) and posteriorly to the posterior fossa (1 case, 3%). All these tumors were either pure cystic or equally cystic and solid. Cystic portions were detected in the tumors of 28 cases (Table 2). Although the majority of the cystic portions (22 cases, 79%) were low density, iso-dense cysts were observed in 6 cases (21%). Out of 20 cases exhibiting solid portions in the tumors, high density areas (calcified masses) were detected in 3 cases and mixed density areas in 17 cases (Table 3). While these 17 cases showed CE, marked homogeneous CE were noted in 5 cases (29%). Since the advent of high resolution computerized tomography, most of typical craniopharyngiomas can be differentiated from other parasellar lesions; pituitary adenoma, meningioma, optic or hypothalamic glioma, aneurysm, dermoid, epidermoid, arachnoid cyst, germinoma and so forth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6669215 TI - [Functional recovery following surgical removal of traumatic epidural hematoma- factor analysis]. AB - Factors contributing to functional recovery following evacuation of epidural hematoma were analyzed in 53 subjects. Subjects were limited to the cases with "pure" epidural hematoma. Fifty-three cases were classified into 3 groups based on presence or absence, and duration of preaggravation period (PAP) following occurrence of head trauma (Fig. 1). Level of consciousness at operation and at PAP is summarised in Fig. 2. Major neurological signs at operation are summarized in Table 1. Gradings of functional status were divided to 6 (Table 2). Gradings of 53 subjects which were judged 1 month after removal of epidural hematoma are summarized in Fig. 3. RESULTS: 1) As to outcome in relation to duration of preaggravation period (PAP) and consciousness level at operation (Fig. 4): The patients whose PAP was shorter and whose consciousness level at operation was more severe, took outcome of lower (worse) gradings. 2) As to outcome in relation to interval from the end of PAP to operation and PAP (Fig. 5): The patients whose PAP are within 3 hours, took outcome of relatively good recovery only when epidural hematoma was removed within 5.5 hours after the end of PAP. 3) As to outcome in relation to interval from the end of PAP to operation and consciousness level at operation (Fig. 6): The patients whose consciousness level at operation was better than semicoma took good recovery when epidural hematoma was evacuated within 5.5 hours after the end of PAP. This was right even in the patients who presented with decerebrate posture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6669216 TI - [Fractionated intracavitary radiation for glioblastoma with remote afterloading system]. AB - Three patients harboring glioblastoma were treated by fractionated intracavitary radiation using remote afterloading system. For this therapy, a special intracranial applicator was designed and used. Radiation schedule was planned to deliver 3000 rads to the margin of the tumor in 3 fractions over 10 days. The advantages of this treatment are that complete elimination of all unnecessary radiation exposure is possible, and that placing a radioactive source in the tumor provides maximal delivery of radiation to the tumor with relative sparing of surrounding normal brain. The method of treatment is presented and discussed with the reports of the clinical cases. PMID- 6669217 TI - [Pneumocephalus induced by bromocriptine treatment in male prolactinoma--a case report]. AB - The authors reported a case of pneumocephalus induced by bromocriptine (Bc) treatment for a recurrent invasive prolactinoma. The patient was a 38-year old man, who had been treated for 12 years, with three times of craniotomies and two times of irradiation therapies. CT scan showed the recurrence of the tumor, which extended into bilateral middle fossa, left orbit and left cerebellopontine angle. Serum prolactin levels elevated to 35,200 ng/ml. Then Bc was administered in a dose of 5 mg/day. Serum PRL concentration fell to 2,090 ng/ml one month after the initiation of the treatment, when he complained of headache, nausea and vomiting. Since these symptoms were considered as the side effects of Bc, the dose was reduced to 2.5 mg/day. Three weeks later, plain craniograms showed marked pneumocephalus, while no tumor was found on CT scan. The administration of Bc was stopped and he was prescribed a complete rest for a month. The air was collected again when he began to walk around. Therefore, the transsphenoidal operation was performed in order to pack the sella turcica and sphenoid sinus with muscle pieces. Since the pneumocephalus could not be cured, the muscle, taken from the thigh, was spread throughout the left middle fossa by the front-temporal craniotomy. When Bc reduces the size of the invasive prolactinomas, the intra- and extra-cranial spaces may be communicated. The greatest care should be taken for pneumocephalus, CSF rhinorrhea and/or meningitis during the Bc treatment of prolactinomas. PMID- 6669218 TI - [Surgical management of peripheral hypoglossal nerve palsy caused by abnormal external carotid artery]. AB - It is known that there are a number of variation and anomalies in the bifurcation of the external and internal carotid arteries. It has also been reported that the lateral position of the external carotid artery, which was formerly considered extremely rare, is not so unusual. However, there are few reports that the lateral position of the external carotid artery has caused neurological signs. In this paper, an unusual case of peripheral hypoglossal nerve palsy, attributed to the vascular compression by lateral position of the external carotid artery and abnormally high position of the bifurcation of the external and internal carotid artery was reported. A forty-nine year old man was admitted complaining of tongue deviation and dysarthria. Atrophy and fasciculation of the right lingual muscle were observed. In a right carotid angiogram, lateral position of the external carotid artery was noticed and the bifurcation of the external and internal carotid arteries was abnormally high (upper margin of C2 vertebra). The proximal portions of both arteries were very tortuous and dilated like a megadolichoartery. A right neck surgery was performed and the bifurcation of the external and internal carotid artery was exposed. The hypoglossal nerve was running just above the bifurcation. Owing to the lateral position of the external carotid artery and the tortuous dilatation of the proximal portion of the external and internal carotid arteries, the hypoglossal nerve was markedly compressed and extended laterally. The external carotid artery was ligated and cut at its origin. Inflammatory lymph nodes near the bifurcation were also removed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6669219 TI - [Successful radiotherapy in spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistula--a case report]. AB - The authors reported a case of spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistula fed by meningohypophyseal trunk of the internal carotid artery, that completely disappeared following cobalt 60 irradiation to the region of fistula (27 days; total dose, 4,100 rad). A 65-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on May 25, 1982, with a two-week history of progressive prominence of the left eye, diplopia on left lateral gaze, and continuous intracranial bruit. He first noted redness of the left eye without apparent cause such as head trauma. On admission, slight nonpulsative exophthalmos, periorbital edema, chemosis, and venous congestion of the conjunctiva of the left eye were noted. The pupils were reactive and equal in size, and the left abducent nerve palsy was observed. Fundoscopic examination disclosed to be normal. No bruit was heard over the left orbital region. Left carotid angiography on May 28 demonstrated dural internal carotid-cavernous sinus fistula fed by meningohypophyseal trunk, and drained into superior and inferior ophthalmic veins and basilar venous plexus. Though the patient was treated only conservatively, symptoms became worse to decrease visual acuity. On July 14, we started cobalt 60 irradiation to the region of fistula (27 days; total dose 4,100 rad). Symptoms gradually improved about halfway through irradiation. After completion of irradiation, almost complete improvement of visual and ocular symptoms was observed except the left abducent nerve palsy. Repeated angiography on Aug. 20 revealed complete disappearance of fistula. Three months after treatment, no recurrence of symptoms was observed and the abducent nerve palsy persisted without improvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6669220 TI - Microheterogeneous neurophysins in newly formed and aged neurosecretory granules. AB - To find out, whether microheterogeneity of neurophysins is due to aging of neurosecretory granules we investigated neurophysin proteins of porcine origin from newly formed and aged granules, as well as from two different extraction methods from whole posterior pituitary glands by high performance liquid chromatography. In newly formed as well as in aged granules all microheterogeneous forms of the neurophysins were present in nearly identical relation suggesting that microheterogeneity is not due to maturation or post matural degradation. In comparison, the crude material obtained by the method of Uttenthal and Hope showed a comparable content of the different neurophysins while Chauvet's method resulted in a different HPLC pattern. In summary, neurophysin heterogeneity is obviously not due to aging processes. PMID- 6669221 TI - The effects of vasopressin on positively rewarded responding and on locomotor activity in rats. AB - It has been suggested that arginine-vasopressin (AVP) enhances cognitive, and especially mnemonic, ability. Most studies have employed shock avoidance paradigms; we report the results of a study in which saline or vasopressin (0, 0.5 or 1 microgram, mcg, per rat, subcutaneous) pre-treated rats learned to press a lever for food reward. AVP was found to have a disruptive effect on aquisition, particularly when the tendency for these rats to produce extreme learning scores was taken into account. Locomotor activity, with and without vasopressin pre treatment (0, 0.5, 1 or 2 mcg/rat), was also studied. Only the highest dose significantly reduced activity; therefore, the effects of AVP on acquisition are unlikely to have been caused by motor disruption. The results are discussed in terms of an hypothesis which suggests that AVP enhances arousal, hence influencing performance. PMID- 6669222 TI - Naloxone and long term potentiation of hippocampal CA3 field potentials in vitro. AB - The effects of naloxone on potentiation of CA3 pyramidal cell field potentials induced by tetanization of the mossy fiber pathway was studied in the in vitro guinea pig hippocampal slice preparation. Naloxone in nanomolar concentrations prevented the development of long term potentiation and it is concluded that an opioid peptide is probably involved in the generation of the potentiation. PMID- 6669224 TI - Neurohypophysial peptides and the hippocampus. I. Vasopressin immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus. AB - Immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated that nerve fibres containing immunoreactive vasopressin project to many areas of the central nervous system. In the present investigation, the presence of immunoreactive arginine vasopressin (IR-AVP) in the hippocampus of Wistar rats was confirmed by radioimmunoassay. The vasopressin content of the dorsal hippocampus was 30.3 +/- 7.3 pg IR-AVP/mg soluble protein (mean +/- SEM, n = 9) and that of the ventral hippocampus was 81.4 +/- 8.3 pg IR-AVP/mg soluble protein (n = 9), while tissue from the cerebral cortex contained no detectable vasopressin. That the immunoreactivity was due to vasopressin was confirmed by its absence in hippocampal or cortical tissue from homozygous Brattleboro rats, which are genetically unable to synthesize vasopressin. PMID- 6669223 TI - Catabolism of bombesin in the interstitial fluid of the rat stomach. AB - The aim of this study was to develop a method to examine the catabolism of neuropeptides in the tissue fluids that bathe specific regions in the alimentary tract of the conscious animal. Two bundles of dialysis fibers were surgically implanted in the submucosal region of the gastric corpus in the anesthetized rat. After recovery from surgery, one set of fibers was perfused with 125I - Tyr4 bombesin 14. Some molecules of peptide diffused into the tissues and were catabolized by enzymes therein. The catabolites were collected in the second dialysis fiber and fractionated by high pressure liquid chromatography. Bombesin 14 was catabolized to iodo-tyrosine and three unidentified peptides. The catabolites did not bind with a carboxyl-terminal specific antiserum and, as this is the biologically active region of bombesin, were devoid of any biological activity. PMID- 6669225 TI - Neurohypophysial peptides and the hippocampus. II. Excitation of rat hippocampal neurones by oxytocin and vasopressin applied in vitro. AB - Neurohypophysial peptides were applied by superfusion to rat hippocampal slices. The peptides, arginine vasopressin, lysine vasopressin, arginine vasotocin and oxytocin, increased the activity of 88% of spontaneously active cells in the CA1 region and induced firing in many neurones that were not spontaneously active. The peptide sensitive cells appeared to be pyramidal cells rather than interneurones. The four peptides were found to be of roughly equivalent potency, producing a reversible, dose-dependent response in the range 10(-9) to 10(-6)M. Most of the cells were tested with more than one peptide and were always found to respond either to all or to none of them. The analogue [7-glycine]oxytocin and the deamino, dicarba derivatives of oxytocin and vasopressin were about as active as the parent compounds, but the oxytocin fragment prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide had no effect, and desglycinamide vasopressin was extremely weak. Responses to the peptides could be blocked by "specific" antagonists. The results suggest that all of the peptides are acting upon a single class of receptor. PMID- 6669226 TI - Selective white matter damage due to manganese intoxication. PMID- 6669227 TI - Myelin associated glycoprotein of the optic nerve in triethyl tin intoxication. PMID- 6669228 TI - [Effect of vincristine on the myelination of the corpus callosum in postnatal development]. PMID- 6669229 TI - Thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in the rat. I. Preliminary morphological and biochemical observations. PMID- 6669230 TI - Thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in the rat. II. Cytochemical and ultrastructural studies on astrocytes cultured in vitro. PMID- 6669232 TI - [Cerebellar damage in fetal anoxia]. PMID- 6669231 TI - [Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism in the rat brain in experimental hepatic encephalopathy]. PMID- 6669233 TI - [Changes in the bioelectric activity of the brain and heart and blood pressure in experimental hemorrhage into the cerebral ventricles]. PMID- 6669234 TI - [Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]. PMID- 6669235 TI - [Protodiastolic gallop rhythm in young non-cardiopathic subjects]. PMID- 6669236 TI - [Systolic interval in interventricular defects before and after surgical correction]. PMID- 6669237 TI - [Surgical treatment of bacterial valvular endocarditis in the acute phase]. PMID- 6669238 TI - [Improvement of the results in the surgical treatment of ruptured aneurysm of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 6669239 TI - [Role of monolateral by-pass in aorto-iliac vascular surgery]. PMID- 6669240 TI - [Fibrodysplasia of the media of the iliac artery: an unusual cause of chronic obliterative arteriopathy of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6669241 TI - [Current role of venous thrombectomy in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6669243 TI - [Left bundle-branch block caused by digitalis glycoside poisoning]. PMID- 6669244 TI - [Intravenous amiodarone in supraventricular and ventricular hyperkinetic arrhythmias. Experience in 60 cases]. PMID- 6669245 TI - [Telethermographic study of the syndrome of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6669242 TI - [Echocardiokymography in young normal subjects]. PMID- 6669246 TI - [Relation between electric and electromechanic systole. Physiologic response to dynamic exercise]. PMID- 6669247 TI - [Cardiac output (echocardiographic determination) in patients with the VVI artificial cardiac pacemaker]. PMID- 6669249 TI - [Evaluation of ventricular compliance. Use of a non-invasive index in normal subjects]. PMID- 6669248 TI - [The heart-brain relationship: role of cardiopathy and hypertension in the natural history of localized acute cerebral vasculopathy]. PMID- 6669250 TI - [Re-interventions in aorto-iliac vascular surgery]. PMID- 6669251 TI - [Revascularization of the visceral arteries for chronic intestinal ischemia. Our experience]. PMID- 6669252 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic obstructive arteriopathy of the lower extremities in patients over 70]. PMID- 6669253 TI - [Lorcainide in the prevention of ventricular arrhythmias in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6669255 TI - [Radioisotopic angiocardiography and the exertion test in patients with previous myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6669254 TI - [Natural history of pure mitral stenosis. Clinico-hemodynamic correlations]. PMID- 6669256 TI - [Modifications of left ventricular volumetry and function induced by Valsalva's maneuver. Echocardiography study in 11 athletes]. PMID- 6669257 TI - [Postendocarditic detachment of an oscillating disk aortic prosthesis (Bjork Shiley) and co-existing thrombosis of the same type of prosthesis implanted at the mitral site. Report of a case]. PMID- 6669258 TI - [Darning needle: an unusual intracardiac foreign body. Clinical case]. PMID- 6669259 TI - [Role of artero-venous fistulas in maintaining the patency in long rescue by passes]. PMID- 6669260 TI - [Neurovascular syndrome of the upper limb. Results of surgical therapy]. PMID- 6669262 TI - [Pharmacotherapy of Raynaud's phenomenon]. PMID- 6669261 TI - [Erythrocyte filtration, platelet aggregation and hemocoagulative parameters in patients with Raynaud's disease]. PMID- 6669263 TI - [A case of aneurysm of the deep femoral artery]. PMID- 6669264 TI - [Aneurysm of the hepatic artery. Considerations apropos of 2 cases examined with non-invasive instrument technics and with angiography]. PMID- 6669266 TI - [Evaluation of peripheral obstructive arteriopathy with echoflow. Correlation between computerized images and angiographic pictures in 100 patients before and after surgical intervention]. PMID- 6669265 TI - [Treatment of venous ulcers in our experience]. PMID- 6669267 TI - [Double isthmic coarctation of the aorta. Presentation of a case treated surgically]. PMID- 6669268 TI - [Valvulotomy and valvulectomy. Long-term results after surgical treatment of severe pulmonary valve stenosis in patients under 2 years]. PMID- 6669269 TI - [Postoperative pseudoaneurysm of the right ventricle in a case of trilogy of Fallot]. PMID- 6669270 TI - [Evaluation of the hemorheologic determinants and metabolic parameters in exertion diastolic hypertensive reaction]. PMID- 6669271 TI - [Exertion test and the female. An experience of false-positives revealed by pre medication with oxprenolol]. PMID- 6669272 TI - [Modifications of the left ventricular function induced by the isometric test (handgrip) in healthy subjects. Echocardiographic study]. PMID- 6669273 TI - [Action of pentoxifylline on the velocity of aortic blood in valvular stenosis of the aorta]. PMID- 6669275 TI - [Experience with subarachnoid anesthesia using 0.50% bupivacaine in elderly orthopedic patients]. PMID- 6669274 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes during neurosurgical interventions]. PMID- 6669276 TI - [Cardiac insufficiency and shock caused by acute myocardial infarction. Manipulation of hemodynamic parameters]. PMID- 6669277 TI - [Our technic of perfusing the peridural and subarachnoid spaces with analgesic drugs using a small subcutaneous capsule]. PMID- 6669278 TI - [Biliary endoprosthesis in inoperable neoplasms of the extra-hepatic bile ducts]. PMID- 6669279 TI - [Dilatation of Oddi's sphincter by transhepatic percutaneous approach. Preliminary considerations]. PMID- 6669280 TI - [Diverticular disease of the colon. Surgical therapy]. PMID- 6669281 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in the diagnosis and therapy of cholestatic icterus]. PMID- 6669282 TI - [Current state of surgical and endoscopic sphincterectomy]. PMID- 6669283 TI - [Indications and technic of continent magnetic enterostomy]. PMID- 6669284 TI - [Our experience in the use of magnetic prosthesis for colostomies. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6669285 TI - [Proposal of a screening method for the preclinical diagnosis of colo-rectal carcinoma]. PMID- 6669286 TI - [The interposed segment technic in disconnection for portal hypertension. Long term results]. PMID- 6669287 TI - [Sliding hiatal hernia and associations of surgical importance]. PMID- 6669288 TI - [Cancer of the colon in adolescence]. PMID- 6669289 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the colon]. PMID- 6669290 TI - [Metabolic and clinical effects of the acute and chronic oral administration of a combination of branched-chain amino acids and saccharose]. PMID- 6669291 TI - [Carcinoid of the rectum]. PMID- 6669292 TI - [Postoperative complications in patients submitting to total gastrectomy for malignant gastric neoplasia]. PMID- 6669293 TI - [Review of cases of hepatic echinococcosis]. PMID- 6669294 TI - [Original miniaturized instrumentation for the pH-manometric study of gastroesophageal reflux]. PMID- 6669295 TI - [The stomach after resection. Histologic findings and risk factors. Preliminary results in a personal caseload]. PMID- 6669296 TI - [Residual calculosis of the common bile ducts. Bloodless treatment by percutaneous extraction]. PMID- 6669297 TI - [Cholecystectomy and cancer of the colon. Initial clinical data]. PMID- 6669298 TI - [Brain stem evoked auditory potentials in the evaluation of hepatic encephalopathy. Preliminary data]. PMID- 6669299 TI - [Radical removal of pharyngo-esophageal cancer and immediate reconstruction of the digestive tract with the stomach]. PMID- 6669300 TI - [A variation of an enteropexy technic]. PMID- 6669301 TI - [Functional changes of the lower urinary tract after radical interventions on the rectum]. PMID- 6669302 TI - [Helicoid plasty in the treatment of phimosis]. PMID- 6669303 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the spleen]. PMID- 6669304 TI - [Pseudolithiasic distomatosis of the common bile duct. Presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 6669305 TI - [Clinical aspects of gestosis]. PMID- 6669306 TI - [Current orientations of treatment in pregnancy in the diabetic patient]. PMID- 6669307 TI - [Current orientations of treatment in pregnancy and labor assistance in the diabetic patient]. PMID- 6669308 TI - [Proposal of an anesthesia and post-operative analgesia protocol for vaginal hysterectomy]. PMID- 6669309 TI - [Criteria for choosing between local anesthesia and general anesthesia for vaginal hysterectomy]. PMID- 6669310 TI - [Vulvar dystrophies]. PMID- 6669311 TI - [Proposal for conservative therapy of vulvar dystrophy with peridural catheterization]. PMID- 6669312 TI - [Radiological study and hematochemical parameters in post-operative occlusive states]. PMID- 6669313 TI - [Control of immediate and long-term effects on the fetus and the newborn infant after labor analgesia with propanidid]. PMID- 6669315 TI - [The risk of transmission of viral hepatitis by blood transfusion]. PMID- 6669314 TI - [Neonatal jaundice and pharmacologically active substances administered to the mother during labor]. PMID- 6669316 TI - Kainate resistant neurons in peripheral ganglia of the rat. AB - Neurons of dorsal root ganglia and of superior cervical ganglia did not display any morphological signs of degeneration when kainic acid (KA) was administered either systemically (20 and 40 mg/kg) or when it was directly injected (1 microgram). The KA doses used were sufficient to result in heavy destruction of hippocampal CA3/CA4 neurons and neurodegeneration of various brain regions after intracerebroventricular or local application, respectively. The resistance of the peripheral neurons to KA is discussed as a consequence of lacking glutamate inputs. PMID- 6669317 TI - Inhibition of ascorbate autoxidation by the dialyzed soluble fraction of mammalian nervous tissues. AB - The effect of the soluble fraction of mammalian nervous tissue was tested on the autoxidation of ascorbic acid in a physiological salt solution. Ascorbic acid was determined spectrophotometrically at 265 nm. Tissues tested were from humans and guinea pigs (ascorbate-dependent species); cats, rats and mice (ascorbate synthesizing species). Samples representing the major anatomical areas of the CNS and adrenal glands were homogenized in phosphate buffer (10% w/v), centrifuged at 100,000 g for 60 min and the supernatant was dialyzed in 25,000 mol.wt. cut-off tubing. The preparations produced basically uniform inhibitory activity: extracts at 10(4)-fold dilution reduced the rate of autoxidation by approximately 90%. The effect was marginal at 5 X 10(4)-fold dilution. Serum samples displayed similar activity. The results indicate that mammalian nervous tissue and serum contain a substance of relatively large molecular weight that stabilizes reduced ascorbic acid against oxidative breakdown. PMID- 6669318 TI - Evoked cerebral potential correlates of C-fibre activity in man. AB - CO2 laser emitted radiant heat pulses of 20 ms duration were used to activate predominantly slowly conducting nociceptive cutaneous afferents in man. Stimuli of two-fold individual pain threshold caused stinging and burning pain and elicited cerebral potentials with latencies consistent with A delta-fibre activity. After preferential block of the myelinated nerve fibres by pressure only the burning pain remained with significantly increased reaction time (about 1433 ms). The A delta-fibre-induced evoked potential components disappeared, and a marked ultralate positive component became visible with mean peak latency of 1260 ms, consistent with C-fibre activity. PMID- 6669319 TI - Voltage-dependent block by histrionicotoxin of the acetylcholine-induced current in an insect motoneurone cell body. AB - Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced currents were recorded from the voltage-clamped cell body of the fast coxal depressor motoneurone of the cockroach Periplaneta americana, at membrane potentials in the range -120 mV to -60 mV. In the presence of histrionicotoxin (HTX) (1.0 X 10(-6) M), ACh currents were blocked. The blocking action of HTX was voltage-dependent, being more effective at more negative membrane potentials. PMID- 6669320 TI - Acetylcholine excites identified septo-hippocampal neurons in the rat. AB - Neurons of the medial septum-nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca (vertical limb) area were identified as septo-hippocampal neurons by antidromic electrical activation in anesthetized rats. A large majority of these presumably cholinergic neurons could be excited by the iontophoretic application of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists such as carbachol. The acetylcholine-induced excitations were readily antagonized by atropine. These results suggest that cholinergic neurons can be excited by their own transmitter, i.e. acetylcholine. PMID- 6669321 TI - Depolarization-dependent protein phosphorylation in rat cortical synaptosomes: the effects of calcium, strontium and barium. AB - Depolarization of synaptosomes increases the phosphorylation of a number of proteins in a calcium-dependent manner. The concentration of calcium required for optimum stimulation was 0.1 mM, with higher concentrations up to 2.5 mM being progressively less effective. Calcium was significantly better than strontium at increasing depolarization-dependent protein phosphorylation, while barium had no stimulating effect at concentrations above 0.1 mM. The order of potency of these ions is consistent with a calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase being activated on entry of calcium into synaptosomes, but is not consistent with the known efficacy of these ions in stimulating neurotransmitter release. The data show for the first time that phosphorylation of proteins may not be a prerequisite for neurotransmitter release. PMID- 6669322 TI - Two stages of excitability change of pontine pause neurons in the cat. AB - Spikes of single pontine pause neurons (PNs) in the cat were recorded extracellularly and identified by observing cessation of tonic discharges before and during the fast phase of vestibular nystagmus. PNs were antidromically activated from the excitatory burst neuron area. Antidromic spikes were abolished or their peak latencies were prolonged during particular periods within a nystagmic cycle. The excitability change in PNs indicated by alteration of the antidromic responses occurred with two stages; i.e. a moderate decrease in excitability before the onset of the fast phase and an abrupt, intense decrease starting form the beginning of the fast phase. PMID- 6669323 TI - Spontaneous respiratory activity of phrenic and intercostal Renshaw cells. AB - Activity of Renshaw cells evoked by electrical stimulation of either phrenic or internal intercostal axons was extracellularly recorded in anaesthetized spontaneously breathing cats. The response of all the studied units to antidromic invasion of the corresponding motoneurones was related to the respiratory cycle and some units displayed spontaneous respiratory activity. Recurrent IPSPs were recorded on phrenic and intercostal motoneurones. PMID- 6669324 TI - Evolutionary trends in limbic structures. AB - Structural differentiation and/or size of allocortical limbic structures (hippocampus, schizocortex, septum) are clearly more advanced in higher primates and man than in low (basal) Insectivora. In contrast, olfactory structures (olfactory bulb and olfactory cortices) are clearly smaller in higher Primates than in Insectivora. The opposite trends imply the existence of two functional systems in the allocortex (olfactory and limbic) being predominantly independent of one another. Within the hippocampus the greatest changes from Insectivora through Primates are found in area CA 1. The enlargement of CA 1 is clearly the highest within the hippocampus and its architectonic changes are striking. In the low Insectivora the CA 1 pyramidal layer is very dense and narrow. In Primates the pyramidal cells spread into the stratum oriens, and in man they are finally dispersed over the whole stratum and reach the alveus. In the schizocortex the enlargement of the entorhinal region is accompanied by structural differentiations which are reflected both in laminar and regional complexity. PMID- 6669325 TI - The pseudopsychopathic personality and the limbic system. AB - The psychiatry of the limbic system has for a variety of reasons been a neglected field of study. There is a pseudopsychopathic syndrome which is characterized by sham rage-like reactions, emotional and social instability, aggressive behavior (at times), cognitive disturbances described as a special form of incoherence, abnormal social behavior in the form of social adhesiveness, carelessness and a certain proneness to criminality. All of these phenomena are stressed by alcohol even in small amounts. Normally the abnormality of the patient is not recognized as such neither by the patient nor by his doctor, but seen as seemingly normal personality traits. PMID- 6669326 TI - Kluver-Bucy syndrome in man: experiences with posttraumatic cases. AB - After the original description of characteristic behavioral changes in rhesus monkeys after bilateral resection of major portions of the temporal lobes by Kluver and Bucy in 1937 [11], similar syndromes have repeatedly been reported in human pathology. The present paper is based on clinical analysis of 40 cases of traumatic apallic syndrome (TAS), 30 of whom developed a complete or partial Kluver-Bucy syndrome during recovery. The dynamics in the development of a Kluver Bucy syndrome during remission of a TAS are analyzed. The delineation between a pre-stage, full-stage and remission-stage of the Kluver-Bucy syndrome is suggested. PMID- 6669327 TI - Homicide of an aggressive adolescent boy with right temporal lesion: a case report. AB - The case is reported of a 14-year-old male who killed an 8-year-old child following an alleged insult. The subject had been known to be aggressive throughout his school career. He had suffered one nocturnal seizure at the age of 13, but he never was amnesic for any of his fights. There was a history of possible hypoxic birth trauma. Neuropsychiatric investigation revealed developmental lags in speech and other psychosocial skills and, on computer tomography, a circumscribed lesion (cystic defect) lateral to the right nucleus amygdalae. PMID- 6669328 TI - Stress: behavioral and biological interactions. PMID- 6669329 TI - Stress, behavior and experimental hypertension. AB - Over the past twenty-five years, several animal models of human essential hypertension have been produced through the development of inbred strains or lines of laboratory rats. The general availability of laboratory rats with genetically determined increases in arterial blood pressure has stimulated an impressive volume of research in the pathophysiology of experimental hypertension. In contrast, relatively little attention has been devoted to the study of behavioral correlates of experimental hypertension. In this review, I will evaluate the advantages and limitations of studying animal models of essential hypertension. Emphasis will then be placed on the relationship between stressful stimulation and behavioral and physiological responsiveness in two animal models of essential hypertension. Specifically, studies from my laboratory have examined sympathetic nervous system activity and behaviors of rats under basal conditions and following acute or chronic exposure to stressful stimulation. These findings indicate that the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) strain is excessively responsive behaviorally and physiologically to a variety of stressful stimuli when compared to its Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive control strain. In contrast, the behavioral and physiological responses of New Zealand genetically hypertensive (GH) and normotensive (N) rats do not differ following acute exposure to stress. Thus, the hyperreactivity of SHR rats to stressful stimulation is not necessarily related to the development of hypertension but may be a valuable marker of the predisposition to develop high blood pressure in rats of the SHR strain. An experimental approach is outlined for examining the causal relationship between a genetically determined physiological or behavioral marker and the development of hypertension. PMID- 6669330 TI - [Cataract--chief preventable cause of blindness]. PMID- 6669331 TI - [Extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of Fedorov-Zakharov intraocular lenses (3016 procedures)]. PMID- 6669333 TI - [Various improved methods of extracapsular extraction of cup-shaped cataracts]. PMID- 6669334 TI - [Late results of the extraction of complicated cataracts]. PMID- 6669332 TI - [Method of extracapsular extraction of senile cataracts]. PMID- 6669335 TI - [Microsurgical extracapsular cataract extraction]. PMID- 6669336 TI - [Implantation of a posterior chamber artificial lens in posttraumatic cataract surgery]. PMID- 6669337 TI - [Course of the postoperative period and immunologic studies in patients with artificial lens implantations]. PMID- 6669338 TI - [Prevention of posttraumatic retinal detachment using photocoagulation]. PMID- 6669339 TI - [Lysosomal enzymes in patients with melanoblastoma of the vascular coat of the eye]. PMID- 6669340 TI - [Complex treatment of visual function disorders in glaucoma using prolonged eye tissue saturation with components of an oxygen-glucose-protein-vitamin mixture]. PMID- 6669341 TI - [Evaluation of the severity of disbinocular amblyopia in children]. PMID- 6669342 TI - [State of haploscopic fusion capacity in healthy preschool children]. PMID- 6669343 TI - [Clinical picture, diagnosis and classification of intraocular cysts (anterior segment of the eye)]. PMID- 6669344 TI - [Ocular pathology in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and prospects of the development of ophthalmologic services]. PMID- 6669345 TI - [Adrenergic mechanisms of glaucoma]. PMID- 6669346 TI - [Elastic fibers of the drainage system of the human eye]. PMID- 6669347 TI - [Preliminary method of studying field of vision]. PMID- 6669348 TI - [Device for studying central field of vision using the static perimetry method]. PMID- 6669349 TI - [Standby lighting in microsurgery]. PMID- 6669350 TI - [Surgical technic for lacorhinostomy with constant intubation]. PMID- 6669351 TI - [Our experience with implantation of intraocular lenses]. PMID- 6669352 TI - Neural retinae of cadmium-induced congenital microphthalmic rats. PMID- 6669353 TI - Comparative anatomical observations on the tongue of the Insectivora. PMID- 6669354 TI - The effects of cortisone on mast cells in the adrenal glands. PMID- 6669355 TI - The posterior auricular artery of the cat. PMID- 6669356 TI - Ultrastructure of the enamel organ of the upper major incisor of the rabbit. PMID- 6669357 TI - Artefacts of intrusion in the pattern electroretinogram. AB - The pattern electroretinogram (PERG) was recorded intravitreally. Comparison of responses recorded in both eyes and at the optic tectum shows that the PERG does not have an origin in distant CNS generators, but rather, that it has an ocular origin. PMID- 6669358 TI - Mitosis of normal human lens epithelium in vitro. AB - Two normal senile lens epithelia obtained from keratoplastic donor eyes were cultured using Francois' plasma cloth method. With cell samples taken from the equatorial region it was possible to estimate all stages of mitosis. PMID- 6669359 TI - Comparison between in vivo and in vitro fluorophotometry in the rabbit eye. AB - In order to evaluate the reliability of a new commercial computer fluorophotometer (Fluorotron Master) for in vivo measurements, the distribution of fluorescein concentration in 10 rabbit eyes was measured in vivo as well as in vitro. In all but 1 eye the results for parts measured in vitro were within 27% in agreement with those for corresponding parts measured in vivo. PMID- 6669360 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of X-ray-induced cataract in mice on normal and galactose diet. AB - The possible multiple effect of galactose diet and X-irradiation on cataract development in mice was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray cataracts were induced by maintaining animals either on a normal or 50% galactose diet. No detectable changes in lens morphology were seen in animals fed galactose alone compared with normal controls. 2 months after X-ray, less damage had occurred to the lenses of the galactose-fed animals compared to those on a normal diet. At 4 months after X-ray, animals on a normal diet developed mature cataracts, while in the galactose-fed animals they were delayed by 0.5-1.5 months. Suppression of the development of X-ray cataract by galactose feeding may be related to the ability of this sugar, which accumulates in mouse lens due to the low levels of aldose reductase, to act as a free radical scavenger. PMID- 6669361 TI - [Spinal compression syndrome in hematogenic osteomyelitis of the spinal column]. PMID- 6669362 TI - [Biomechanics of injuries of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine]. PMID- 6669363 TI - [Fractures of the vertebral arches in closed spinal injuries]. PMID- 6669364 TI - [Comparative evaluation of methods of experimental spinal fusion]. PMID- 6669365 TI - [Treatment of unstable forms of cervical osteochondrosis in people of different ages]. PMID- 6669366 TI - [Anatomo-functional characteristics of idiopathic scoliosis with a benign course]. PMID- 6669367 TI - [Changes in the ribs in scoliosis (problems of the etiology and pathogenesis of scoliosis)]. PMID- 6669368 TI - [External tissue respiration and gas exchange in scoliosis patients]. PMID- 6669369 TI - [Treatment of fractures of the distal meta-epiphysis of the tibia]. PMID- 6669370 TI - [Mistakes and complications in the treatment of patients with fractures and dislocations of large segments of the limbs]. PMID- 6669371 TI - [Causes of spinal cord compression and the substantiation of various methods of decompression in unstable complicated injuries of the thoracolumbar spine (experimental study)]. PMID- 6669372 TI - Possible mechanism for origin of chiral specificity during origins of life. AB - We have earlier (Origins of Life 10 (1980), 15-30) proposed a conformational theory for the origin of nucleic acid-directed adaptor-mediated ordered and proliferative synthesis of proteins and hence origin of life. Conjunction of L amino acids and beta-D-ribonucleotides emerges as a natural consequence of a template fitting interaction in this theory of the origin of the genetic decoding apparatus. Here we propose an interesting new concept for the origin of chiral specificity, by showing that two autonomously developing systems of protein synthesizing machinery, one manufacturing L-peptides (L-system) and the other, D peptides (D-system) could have arisen and during early stages of evolution L system could have developed a killer enzyme to destroy the D-system, causing the presently existing chiral specificity in all the evolved organisms on Earth. It would be interesting to look for such 'killer enzymes' in the present-day organisms. Of course, the existence of D-amino acid-containing antibiotics gives some credence to this theory. PMID- 6669373 TI - Statistical fluctuation versus specific mechanism and the origin of the left handed asymmetry of proteins. AB - We point out an intrinsic weakness in the reasoning that adduces a statistical fluctuation as the origin of a left-handed, prebiotic stereoisomeric asymmetry which might have been the initial asymmetry that led to the left-handed asymmetry of proteins observed now on Earth. The argument in favor of a statistical fluctuation as the source of the asymmetry depends implicitly on the assumption of a very small number of terrestrial sites at which polymerization leading to protein formation took place. On the other hand, the probability that a left handed prebiotic asymmetry produced by a specific mechanism was efficacious would have increased linearly with the number of terrestrial sites. Thus, on the basis of the greater likelihood of a large number of possible polymerization sites in the prebiotic era, a random fluctuation is deemed to be a much less probable source of a stereoisomeric asymmetry than a specific mechanism, particularly the mechanism that follows from the parity violating weak interaction. PMID- 6669374 TI - Code dependent conservation of the physico-chemical properties in amino acid substitutions. AB - The frequency of amino acid replacements in families of typical proteins has been elegantly analyzed by Argyle (1980) showing that the most frequent replacements involve a conservation of the amino acid chemical properties. The cyclic arrangement of the twenty amino acids resulting from the most frequent replacements has been described as an amino acid chemical ring. In this work, a novel amino acid replacement frequency ring is proposed, for which a conservation of over 90% of the most general physico-chemical properties can be deduced. The amino acid chemical similarity ring is also analyzed in terms of the genetic code base probability changes, showing that the discrepancy that exists between the standard deviation value of the amino acid replacement frequency matrix and its respective ideal value is almost equal to that deduced from the corresponding base codon replacement probability matrices. These differences are finally evaluated and discussed in terms of the restrictions imposed by the structure of the genetic code and the physico-chemical dissimilarities between some codons of amino acids which are chemically similar. PMID- 6669375 TI - Conservation of physico-chemical amino acid properties during the evolution of proteins. AB - Based on a similarity ring constructed from a substitution probability matrix, we have analyzed the conservation of some amino acid properties in the evolution of proteins. Refractive index and bulkiness are highly conserved, hydrophobicity and polarity are fairly well conserved while optical rotation appears to be a less relevant property. On the other hand, the analysis of the correspondence between phenotype and genotype shows that the most frequent amino acid substitutions in proteins do not always correspond to the most feasible codon changes. The apparent disagreement between amino acid substitutions in modern proteins and the primordial amino acid-codon assignment is discussed. PMID- 6669378 TI - Symposium on the use of lasers in otolaryngologic surgery. PMID- 6669376 TI - Complexes of polyadenylic acid and the methyl esters of amino acids. AB - This report includes studies of the binding of the methyl esters of a series of amino acids to polyadenylic acid. The principal data were obtained using proton NMR; however, some additional data were obtained through the study of insoluble complexes and through ultraviolet spectroscopy. The binding constants are in the order Phe greater than Ile greater than or equal to Leu greater than Val greater than Gly, and show a direct correlation with the hydrophobicities of the amino acids. In most cases they are essentially double the binding constants found by Reuben and Polk (1980) for monomeric AMP. All of these amino acids, except Gly, have A as the middle letter of their anticodons, and Phe is the only one with XAA as its only anticodon. It has the anticodon richest in A and has the highest binding constant for A. These results, coupled with other data, continue to support a model of the origin of the code which is based on weak, but selective affinities between amino acids and their anticodons. PMID- 6669379 TI - High dosage diazepam as single antispasmodic agent in the treatment of neonatal tetanus. PMID- 6669377 TI - A study of the interaction of glycine and its oligohomopeptides with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde under possible primitive earth conditions. AB - It is established that glycine and glycine oligohomopeptides interact with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in a homogeneous weak acid medium (pH 3.3-3.7) at mild temperatures (60-80 degrees C) in the absence of inorganic solid substances. Together with the expected serine and threonine, the formation of alanine, glutamic and aspartic acid, norvaline and isoleucine, as well as four non-protein amino acids is also established. It is suggested that the non-protein amino acids are hydroxymethylserine, hydroxymethylthreonine, hydroxymethylaspartic acid and gamma-amino-delta-hydroxyvaleric acid. The modes of formation of all protein and non-protein amino acids are discussed. These results strengthen the probability that similar processes may have been one of the pathways for the prebiotic synthesis of amino acids on primitive Earth. PMID- 6669380 TI - Child care monitoring for a better child health service. PMID- 6669382 TI - Hookworm infection and its problems in Central Java. PMID- 6669381 TI - Aplastic anemia in children. PMID- 6669383 TI - Utility of tuberculin testing in children under 5 years of age. PMID- 6669384 TI - 3rd International Congress on Pharmacological Treatment of Burns. Milan, May 12 15, 1980. PMID- 6669385 TI - The severely burnt patient and urologic complications. PMID- 6669386 TI - Fugasit: a new topical agent. PMID- 6669387 TI - The use of topical cerium nitrate-silver sulfadiazine in major burn injuries. PMID- 6669388 TI - Bronchopneumonia in patients with burns. Bacteriological, pathogenetic, clinical and radiological aspects. PMID- 6669389 TI - Candida infections in the burn patients. PMID- 6669390 TI - Utilization of antipiocianaeus and antistaphylococcus vaccine in the treatment of the severe burned patients. PMID- 6669391 TI - Some experiences with the use of a microcomputer in a burns center. PMID- 6669392 TI - The epidemiology of imported bacteriae in a burns center. A warning! PMID- 6669393 TI - Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) resistant pseudomonas infection in experimental burn wounds. PMID- 6669394 TI - Pharmacological therapy of scars. PMID- 6669395 TI - Anticomplementary effects developed in vitro by two xenogeneic skin extracts on human sera. PMID- 6669396 TI - An approach to infection problems in major burns. PMID- 6669398 TI - Epidemiological aspects of the Niguarda Burns Unit of Milan. PMID- 6669397 TI - Use of combined traditional Chinese and western medicine in the management of burns. PMID- 6669399 TI - [Plasma variations in severe head injuries: prognosis and post-traumatic surveillance. I. Enzymes]. AB - Variations of four enzymatic activities (aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) were followed in human plasma for four days after head injury. Univariate analysis showed that each plasma enzyme activity significantly differed as early as 72 h after head injury according to the clinical evolution (survival or death). Multivariate analysis performed with these four tests allowed us to correctly divide, in terms of survival or death, 75 to 91% of unselected patients (n = 280). Combining these four tests increased discriminant power in severe head injury. Most of the patients who were misclassified according to their biochemical data received phenobarbital for treatment. Valuable prognostic information may thus be obtained by daily determinations of four enzymatic activities. PMID- 6669400 TI - [Comparison of 2 extraction methods of immunoglobulins A and serum albumin in sputum]. AB - The concentrations of immunoglobulins A (IgA) and serum albumin (SA) determined in sputum by electro-immunoassay have been compared after the extraction of proteins by two methods: 1) ion exchange chromatography and 2) mechanical agitation at high ionic strength. No significant difference of IgA is observed between the two methods. On the contrary, a very significant decrease in the concentration of SA is observed by the chromatographic extraction which is incomplete when pH - value of extract is lower than that of the isoelectric point of SA. PMID- 6669401 TI - [Copper, zinc and aluminum contamination of blood specimens used for determination of these metals]. AB - Increasing interest and demand in determinations of copper, zinc and aluminium in clinical biochemistry, led us to pay particular attention to problems of blood collection. We tested several blood collecting tubes for contamination by these metals. Evacuated tubes must be avoided; polystyrene and polypropylene tubes are apparently the least polluting. However, strict rules cannot be made, and each biochemist should test the blood collecting devices he wants to use for trace elements analysis. PMID- 6669402 TI - Interaction of dominant focus and conditional reflex as a functional unit of behavior organization. AB - The interaction of two fundamental phenomena--the dominant focus and the conditional reflex--discovered and introduced by A. A. Ukhtomsky and I. P. Pavlov lay at the basis of behavior. According to E. A. Asratyan, the backward conditioned connection is a specialized dominant focus in the functional structure of the consolidated conditional reflex. It makes the behavior goal directed and active. The dominant focus and conditioned reflex play the same role in the adaptive behavior of the individual as does variability and selection in the process of evolutional adaptation. That is why it is impossible to agree with Popper and Eccles that hypothesis theory has to replace Pavlov's theory of the conditional reflex. Imprinting and psychonervous activity by images (I. S. Beritashvili) are two special exemplars of conditional reflexes after one coincidence. The so-called "elementary reasoning activity of animals" (according to L. V. Krushinsky) is a kind of the instinctive inherited behavior. PMID- 6669403 TI - Significance of reinforcement for differentiation of signals of instrumental conditional reflexes in rats. PMID- 6669404 TI - Heart-rate responses (HRR) to lateralized visual stimuli. AB - Direction of changes in heart-rate responses (HRR) were investigated in three separate experiments as a measure of differential cognitive and emotional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres. Visual stimuli were presented via the visual half-field technique in all three experiments. Slides with different contents were flashed for 200 msec on each trial either to the left or right of a center LED fixation point. The LED went on 5 seconds prior to slide onset. HR changes were scored as second-by-second deviations during 10 seconds after LED onset from pre-LED base line. In the first experiment it was hypothesized that emotionally relevant stimuli initially projected to only the right hemisphere would result in more anticipatory acceleration than when the same stimulus was initially projected to the left hemisphere. A picture of a snake and of a geometric figure were repeatedly briefly flashed to the right of the LED for half of the subjects, and to the left for the other half. There were 25 trials with an intertrial interval of 25-40 seconds. Results showed significant effects of deceleration as a function of the slide stimulus in all groups on seconds 5, 6, or 7 after onset of the center LED. Furthermore, an anticipatory acceleration was observed during the first trial-block on seconds 3 and 4 in the right hemisphere groups only with no differences between the neutral and emotional stimuli. In Experiments 2 and 3, a letter-string of six letters and a complex symmetric pattern were used as stimuli. These stimuli were chosen because previous research has clearly implicated the hemispheres to be differentially specialized in their ability to process verbal and visuo-spatial stimuli. The set-up was identical to Experiment 1, with the exception that differences in response to the two types of stimuli were evaluated on a within-subjects basis. The results from Experiments 2 and 3 showed stimulus-related deceleration, peaking on seconds 5-7 in all groups and an anticipatory acceleration peaking on seconds 3 and 4 in the right hemisphere groups, with decelerations during the corresponding seconds in the left hemisphere groups. The results are discussed in relation to recent findings by Walker and Sandman (1982) about the possibility of hemispheric specialization in psychologic influences on heart rate changes in response to environmental demands. PMID- 6669406 TI - Is verbal behavior confined to the speech apparatus? PMID- 6669405 TI - Small groups in programmed environments. Behavioral and biological interactions. AB - This paper reviews a research program undertaken within a laboratory environment that was designed and constructed to support behavior analyses of individual and group performance effectiveness viewed conceptually within the context of a small scale human microsociety. Summarized are previous research emphases and findings in relationship to (1) conditions that sustain group cohesion and productivity and that prevent social fragmentation and performance deterioration, (2) motivational effects resulting from the programmed consequences of individual and group performance requirements, and (3) behavioral and biological effects resulting from a change in group size. A more detailed description is presented of the results of a recent series of experiments that were conducted to assess performance and hormonal effects of replacing an established group participant with a novitiate member. The significance of these investigative undertakings is to be understood in terms of emergent environmental, motivational, and behavioral biological principles having practical relevance for the establishment and maintenance of small-scale human social systems. PMID- 6669407 TI - Histopathogenic mechanisms in leishmaniasis. PMID- 6669408 TI - [Trabecular carcinoma of the skin]. PMID- 6669409 TI - [Sarcoma arising in a cerebral oligodendroglioma. Case report]. PMID- 6669410 TI - [Research on the composition of tears]. PMID- 6669411 TI - [Glycerophospholipids of high density lipoproteins in human serum]. PMID- 6669412 TI - [Hospital tumor registries of Bollate (1973-1981) and Vimercate (1975-1981): comprehensive data]. PMID- 6669414 TI - [Virus-associated hematophagocytic syndrome observed in 2 cases of fatal varicella-zoster infections]. PMID- 6669413 TI - [Globoid cell leukodystrophy]. PMID- 6669415 TI - [Cutaneous pseudolymphoma arising after an injection of antigenic matter]. PMID- 6669416 TI - [A case of mixed glioblastoma with sarcomatous components]. PMID- 6669417 TI - [Environment-related psychosomatic disorders in children]. PMID- 6669418 TI - [Male hermaphroditism syndrome in a newborn infant with multiple abnormalities]. PMID- 6669419 TI - [Congenital laryngeal cyst in a newborn infant]. PMID- 6669420 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of congenital lobar pulmonary emphysema]. PMID- 6669421 TI - [Results of treatment of acute renal vein thrombosis with streptokinase]. PMID- 6669422 TI - [Psychosomatic medicine of the developmental age]. PMID- 6669423 TI - [Evaluation of hearing in infants and young children]. PMID- 6669424 TI - [Clinical evaluation of N-acetyltransferase activity in children with various forms of diffuse connective tissue diseases]. PMID- 6669425 TI - [Main trends in familial-genetic studies of systemic lupus erythematosus in children]. PMID- 6669426 TI - [Cardiac syndrome in diffuse connective tissue diseases in children]. PMID- 6669427 TI - [Diseases of the respiratory organs in diffuse connective tissue diseases in children]. PMID- 6669428 TI - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis - an articular-visceral form]. PMID- 6669429 TI - [20-year experience and perspectives in the study of diffuse connective tissue diseases in children]. PMID- 6669430 TI - [Characteristics of secondary amyloidosis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6669431 TI - [Age-related characteristics of the pauciarticular variant of an articular form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6669433 TI - [Clinical variants, clinical course and prognosis in lupus nephritis in children]. PMID- 6669432 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of rheumatoid uveitis in children]. PMID- 6669434 TI - [Interrelations between systemic and focal scleroderma in children]. PMID- 6669435 TI - [Microcirculation and the nature of morphological changes in the gastric and duodenal mucosa in children with scleroderma]. PMID- 6669436 TI - [Pancreatic lesions in children with scleroderma]. PMID- 6669437 TI - [Current methods of treatment of diffuse connective tissue diseases (collagen diseases) in children]. PMID- 6669438 TI - [Extracorporeal hemosorption in the complex treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus in children]. PMID- 6669439 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the complex treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6669440 TI - [Systemic vasculitis in children]. PMID- 6669441 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease]. PMID- 6669442 TI - Serum lipids during starvation in obesity. AB - The HDL-cholesterol level was found to decrease during the first week of therapeutic starvation in hyperlipoproteinaemic (hypertriglyceridaemic), diabetic (non-insulin dependent) patients. The possible causes of the finding are discussed, and the view is expressed that the fall in HDL given no cause for discontinuing the caloric restriction or starvation as the therapeutic measures in obesity. PMID- 6669443 TI - Steroids excreted by human skin. I. C19-steroids in axillary hair. AB - Seven free androgen steroids and four C19-steroid sulphates were isolated and determined from the axillary hair of sexually mature healthy males and females. In 1 g axillary hair the free 4-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androsterone, 4-androstene 3,17-dione and 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione occurred in nanomol amounts, whereas dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androsterone sulphate and 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol-3-sulphate were found in approximately 1000 times these amounts. The quantity of testosterone sulphate lies among the values for the free steroids. The free steroids present in hair are regarded as products of the sebaceous glands, and the sulphate ester steroids as products of the sweat glands. PMID- 6669444 TI - Hepatitis a virus antibody in chronic diffuse liver disease. AB - 175 patients with histological evidence of chronic diffuse liver disease, 67 patients with heart failure, diabetes and atherosclerosis, and 118 healthy adults under 30 years of age engaged in sports were studied for the prevalence of hepatitis A virus antibody (anti-HAV) by radioimmunoassay using a HAVAB (Abbott) kit. Infection with hepatitis-A virus is highly prevalent in Hungary, anti-HAV having been demonstrated in a very high proportion of controls as well as of patients. Over the age of 40 the incidence is 100% in controls and 98% in patients with chronic liver disease. Infection with hepatitis-A virus must have been asymptomatic in the majority, since no more than 11.4% of the subjects had a history of acute hepatitis. The prevalence of acquired anti-HAV increases with age until it attains 100% in advanced age. The present results lend no support to the possibility that hepatitis-A virus infection might be involved in the production of chronic diffuse liver disease. PMID- 6669445 TI - Effect of blood loss on the plasma level of whole peptides and their fractions at rest and during exertion and restitution. AB - The plasma level of peptides and their fractions was investigated in 12 male voluntary blood donors aged 19-23 years at rest, during exercise and restitution before and 1 and 24 h after blood withdrawal. In each test the subjects exercised on Monark's cycle ergometer under loads producing a heart rate acceleration up to 170/min (Physical Working Capacity -- PWC 170). Blood loss produced a non significant decrease in the plasma peptide level. During exercise the levels increased significantly both before (P less than 0.001) as well as 1 h and 24 h after blood loss (P less than 0.025). About one half of the increase was due to haemoconcentration. During restitution the levels were not significantly different from the initial values. Blood loss gave rise to a significant increase in the level of fractions of a molecular weight exceeding 3500 while the concentration of fractions of 1500-3500 molecular weight decreased. The changes in the peptide fractions were slightly different in the case of exercise performed after blood loss from those observed before blood loss. This applies first of all to fractions with a molecular weight below 750 whose concentration decreased during exercise performed after, and increased before, blood loss. PMID- 6669446 TI - [Role of Streptococcus group D in infections in newborn infants]. AB - Our investigation concerns 14 streptococcus D sepsis neonates, thirteen of which were collected over a six year period during which eighty-two neonate infections were recorded. This rate slightly higher than generally recorded and may be due to the initial prescription of third generation cephalosporin to the mothers. The clinical, hematological and biological data are not specifically those of group D streptococcus. The issue was unfavourable in 15% of our cases and in 8 to 33% of the recorded cases. The sensitivity to antibiotics varies depending on the species of group D streptococcus. The effectiveness of Amoxicillin, of Mezlocillin and of Ampicillin justifies the initial prescription in association with an aminoglycoside because of the possibility of synergy; cephalosporins are contraindicated as they are inactive on this germ. PMID- 6669447 TI - [Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma. Anatomo-clinical study of a new case]. AB - A case of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma arising in right lumbar region with involvement of epidural space is described in a 16 years old girl. The diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma was done from cytochemical and electron microscopic studies which showed intra-cellular glycogen granules whereas cytologic and immunological analysis eliminated lymphoid malignancies. This case emphasized the interest of these techniques, adjunctive to routine light microscopic examination for the pursuit of a specific diagnosis in the small round cell neoplasm. PMID- 6669448 TI - [Heterogeneity of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage in newborn infants]. AB - Bilateral adrenal haemorrhage was diagnosed in 3 newborns. Clinical, biological and hormonal features were different in each case: abdominal mass in the first case; hyponatremic dehydration for the two others. This hyponatremic dehydration was related to temporary acute adrenal insufficiency for one newborn while association with medullary necrosis did not allow to assert hypoadrenalism for the other. These three cases emphasize: 1) variability of presentation at onset; 2) heterogeneousness of salt loose syndrome; 3) interest of systematic renal and adrenal exploration in adrenal haemorrhage. PMID- 6669449 TI - [Deficiency rickets in older children. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Typical rickets were observed in a 13 year old Turkish girl and in a 14 year old Moroccan girl. Hypocalcaemia was present in one case. Symptoms have easily regressed with vitamin D2. Seric 25 OH D3 was very low; seric 1-25 OH D3 was normal before treatment and increased very much with vitamin D. In the second case vitamin D deficiency was familial. Study of 15 immigrant children living in or near Saint-Etienne has shown low seric concentrations of 25 OH D3 in 9 (8 undetectable). PMID- 6669450 TI - [Enlarging fractures of skull bones. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - The authors report two cases of children, who had a severe head injury with large skull fracture. If neurological evolution was good, on the other hand, skull fracture went on to develop, to give a bone defect with a leptomeningeal cyst of arachnoidal origin, as it is pointed out by the classical authors. The authors insist upon the specificity of this entity in childhood, and upon the necessity to observe by repeated clinical and radiological examinations any young child who have a large skull fracture. PMID- 6669451 TI - How many trees does it take to make a forest? AB - In order to study the relative perceptual availability of global and local features in very sparse patterns, subjects were asked to make 'same'/'different' judgments on pairs of geometrical figures and the times needed to detect global and local differences were compared. With triangular patterns a global precedence was found which could be attributed to size differences. With rectangular patterns global precedence was larger, not accounted for by size differences, and indifferent both to the number of elements and to their spacing. Thus it was demonstrated that global precedence may hold for patterns with as few as four elements. Patterns with smooth edges could be compared much more quickly than patterns with serrated eges. It is proposed that configurational properties of some of the patterns interfered with the encoding of their global structures or with comparing them. It is argued that the results support a principle of global addressability which postulates that visual schemata are mainly addressed through their global constituents. PMID- 6669452 TI - 'Peak preference' and waveform perception. AB - Because the perception of waveforms has been relatively neglected in vision research, one phenomenon of waveform perception, the parsing of waves into peak shaped rather than trough-shaped segments, is examined. It is suggested that this so-called 'peak preference' is a grouping rule which can determine figure background segregation in some circumstances. It appears to resist explanation in terms of the spatial-filtering properties of the visual system. For a complete explanation of peak preference, the ecological significance for actions that wave stimuli would normally have in the natural setting has to be considered. PMID- 6669453 TI - R L Gregory and others: the wrong picture of the picture theory of perception. AB - It is the position of R L Gregory and other cognitive theorists that perceptual knowledge conceived as an inner picture leads to an infinite regress, but that perceptual knowledge conceived as an abstract or coded representation does not. It is argued here that this view is mistaken. All inner representations, whether pictorial or abstract, lead to the regress because all representations, inner or outer, require interpretation, and hence an interpreter. The problem will not disappear, furthermore, by formalizing the representation because rule-following is not equivalent to interpretation. The regress can only be avoided if the whole organism is made the interpreter, and representations are given their appropriate place: in the external world, not inside heads. PMID- 6669454 TI - The multiple determination of illusory contours: 1. A review. AB - Four theories of illusory-contour perception are reviewed--brightness contrast (simultaneous contrast, assimilation, and dissimilation), depth/completion, partial activation of neural feature analyzers, and the diffuse-sharp dichotomy. It is concluded that the processes and mechanisms involved in illusory-contour perception most likely depend upon the stimulus elements used in the illusory contour display. PMID- 6669455 TI - The multiple determination of illusory contours: 2. An empirical investigation. AB - Judgments of contour strength or saliency for twenty-four illusory-contour configurations were subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. A four-factor model that posited the involvement of simultaneous contrast, linear effects (assimilation and dissimilation), depth/completion cues, and feature analyzers accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance in judgments of illusory contour strength. The hierarchical addition of a fifth factor, diffuse illusory contours, significantly improved the overall fit of the model, but added little to the proportion of explained variance. The taxonomic approach adopted provides support for a multiprocess model of illusory-contour perception. PMID- 6669456 TI - The effect of two-dimensional and three-dimensional distance on apparent motion. AB - The problem of how the visual system matches corresponding inputs from one instant to the next to produce the perception of motion has been experimentally examined. The specific concern was whether this correspondence problem is solved prior to the interpretation of three-dimensional distance. Observers judged the degree of apparent motion between pairs of lights in a conflicting motion display. Spatial separation of the lights was varied in two and three dimensions in order to assess whether retinal distance, actual depth, or some combination of these provided critical information for correspondence. The results support Ullman's contention that only two-dimensional (retinal) distances are used in establishing correspondence in motion perception. PMID- 6669457 TI - Factors influencing the apparent rotation of a line on radially transformed backgrounds. AB - The expansion and contraction of a display consisting of a stationary grating with a superimposed inclined line leads to the apparent rotation of the line. This phenomenon has been investigated in six experiments with the use of a television system with a motorized zoom lens to effect such transformations. The maximum apparent line rotation occurs with the line at 45 degrees to the grating. In experiment 1 a greater magnitude of apparent rotation was found with a vertical grating and an oblique line than vice versa. Zoom-out (contraction) also produced greater rotation than zoom-in (expansion). The orientation anisotropy was not dependent upon the orientation of the display to the retinal meridian (experiment 2): the extent of apparent line rotation was approximately the same with a vertical grating when the head was upright or tilted so that the retinal meridian was at 45 degrees. At a constant rate of zooming, a zoom duration of 2 s produced a larger apparent line rotation than one of 1 s, but it was not influenced by the initial angular subtense of the superimposed line (experiment 3). Neither the spatial frequency of the grating nor the width of the line affected the apparent rotation (experiments 4, 5, and 6). Experiment 5 compared the apparent rotation when the display was zoomed (i) with a fixed surround and (ii) with a surround that also expanded during zooming. The magnitude of rotation in the latter condition was reduced to about 25% of that with a fixed surround. The results are discussed in terms of the discrepancy between the perceived transformations of the background grating and the superimposed line. PMID- 6669458 TI - Reaching for rattles: a preliminary study of contrast sensitivity in 7-10 month old infants. AB - Contrast sensitivity for a 3 cycles deg-1 sinusoidal grating in 7-10 month old infants was tested by presenting gratings and uniform fields on cylinders, with the former providing auditory reinforcement when the infant picked them up. The method shows that a contrast as low as 7.5% can commonly be detected at this age, compared with 1-2% for adults under comparable conditions. However, as the development of hand preferences with the task as an indicator of visual sensitivity, it is concluded that this method is not in its present form suitable for vision testing on a wide scale or in a clinical setting. PMID- 6669460 TI - Aftereffects of sustained convergence: some implications of the eye muscle potentiation hypothesis. AB - Aftereffects of sustained convergence are generally explained as the result of eye muscle potentiation (EMP). Three implications of this hypothesis for aftereffects in distance perception were tested: (i) According to the EMP hypothesis the aftereffects are based on oculomotor distance cues only. The addition of secondary cues during the test period should therefore reduce or eliminate the aftereffects. This expectation was confirmed. (ii) According to the EMP hypothesis the critical variable determining the aftereffect should be the distance of the inspection stimulus from the observer but not from the test stimulus. In confirmation of the expectation the aftereffects of certain inspection stimuli were of the same direction for test stimuli which bounded the range of inspection distances on both sides. (iii) When the aftereffects are based on oculomotor distance cues only, the effect of secondary cues during the test period should remain unchanged when they are present during the inspection period as well. Contrary to this expectation the aftereffects did not depend on the cues available during the test. This suggests that they are based on secondary cues, too, provided they are present during the inspection period. PMID- 6669461 TI - An investigation into the representations involved in visual masking. AB - Two experiments are reported in which the nature of the representations involved in visual masking with spatially overlapping stimuli is investigated. Recent work is described which was consistent with the proposal of Breitmeyer and Ganz (1976) that masking phenomena can be understood in terms of interactions between spatial frequency-tuned channels. In the first experiment targets which had been filtered to contain only high or low spatial frequencies were masked by high or low frequency masks. The results were more consistent with a model of masking in which higher-order representations, possibly derived from spatial-frequency information, were involved. A second experiment was carried out to test this conjecture which involved investigating the interaction between the effects of learning and the type of information used in target identification. The results provided further support for the model. PMID- 6669459 TI - The development of vergence does not account for the onset of stereopsis. AB - The onset of measurable stereopsis in human infants occurs at approximately 4 months of age, directly following a period of rapid oculomotor development. The experiment reported here was designed to investigate whether the onset of stereopsis is determined solely by the onset of accurate oculomotor coordination or whether neural development in the binocular visual system is necessary. These alternatives were examined by means of a testing procedure which ensured that stimuli were presented within 1.4 deg of the horopter. That these stimuli are insensitive to errors of vergence was verified by testing thirty infants aged 6 to 10 months who were known to have stereoacuity of at least 1 min of visual angle. All but one infant retained the ability to make stereo discriminations with simulated vergence errors of up to 30 prism diopters. Results obtained from a group of forty-four infants tested longitudinally between 0 and 6 months showed a mean age of onset of stereopsis of 4.1 months. Thus, ensuring that stimuli are presented near to the horopter does not significantly alter estimates of the age of onset of stereopsis. These results suggest that neural development which is critical for the ability to make stereo discrimination must occur during the first 3 months of life. PMID- 6669462 TI - Magnitude estimates of cold pressor pain: effects of suggestions, cognitive strategy, and tolerance. AB - Pain magnitude when subjects immersed an arm in ice water was assessed by means of a magnitude estimation procedure during baseline and posttest sessions. Before the posttest session, subjects either received or did not receive an analgesic suggestion. Best-fit functions were linear, though power fits were also good. Analgesic suggestions had no effect on the rate of change in pain intensity. When subjects were classified as copers or catastrophizers on the basis of written testimony, pain intensity increased more rapidly for catastrophizers than for copers during the posttest session but not during the baseline session. Subjects who kept their arm immersed for more than 240 s were classified as high in tolerance. High-tolerance subjects experienced a slower rate of growth in pain intensity than low-tolerance subjects. Theoretical implications of the results are discussed. PMID- 6669463 TI - The perception of depth contours with yellow goggles. AB - The ability of subjects to discriminate the depth of depressions in the snow was conducted at a cross-country ski area. The percentage of correct judgments on an overcast day was significantly greater with yellow goggles than with luminance matched neutral goggles. This experiment, suggested by the chromatic-achromatic theory of color vision, indicates why yellow goggles are popular despite many previous unsuccessful attempts to prove their effectiveness. PMID- 6669464 TI - [Diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma by high dose contrast enhancement CT]. PMID- 6669465 TI - [Staging of urinary blaccer cancer--evaluation by CT (olive oil injection method)]. PMID- 6669466 TI - [Serial rotatostereography--a new radiographic method. II. Application to cineangiography and stereoviewing of cineangiograms]. PMID- 6669467 TI - [Role of radiotherapy in the management of thymoma]. PMID- 6669468 TI - [Diagnostic accuracy of esophagography in detection of esophageal carcinoma]. PMID- 6669469 TI - [Diagnosis of liver cystadenocarcinoma by ultrasonography, computed tomography and angiography]. PMID- 6669470 TI - [Mass chest x-ray of children with 14-inch image amplifier]. PMID- 6669471 TI - [Studies of extracerebral space of infants shown on CT x-ray]. PMID- 6669472 TI - [Ultrasonographic diagnosis of pediatric intussusception]. PMID- 6669474 TI - [A nuclear medicine method for determining left ventricular stroke volume]. AB - A new non-invasive nuclear medicine procedure for determining the left ventricular stroke volume is described. The procedure exhibits the following features: 1. Individual calibration of scintigraphic counts in activity by first pass evaluation; 2. no need for a delta-shaped bolus injection; and 3. determination of different stroke volumes, e.g. during different grades of exercise, by only one injection and by only one blood sample. 36 results obtained at rest and during exercise are compared with corresponding results of the thermodilution method (r = 0.86). PMID- 6669473 TI - [Direct and indirect parameters of free thyroxine. I. Method, quality control and in vitro experiments on storage of samples and effect of drugs]. AB - The clinical applicability of direct FT4 determinations by the radioimmunoassays ImmoPhase, GammaCoat, Liquisol, Amerlex and LisoPhase is tested in comparison to the FT4 index and the T4/TBG ratio. Part I of this study deals with technical aspects concerning quality control as well as with in-vitro experiments concerning storage of samples and interference of drugs. The precision of FT4 RIAs is satisfactory; inter-assay coefficients of variation are generally lower than 10% for medium hormone concentrations. Because of a change of the standard curve calibration by the manufacturer of the Liquisol kit, the inter-assay variability (17%) of this assay is unacceptably high. The comparison of working ranges shows that the sensitivity of all FT4 assays is sufficient. However, the upper limits of working ranges of the Liquisol and LisoPhase kits are too low. Storing the samples in form of serum yields lower values for any FT4 parameter than storing as whole blood. This unexpected observation is true for room temperature as well as for refrigeration at 4 degrees C. To be sure, the values of indirect FT4 parameters from serum and whole blood coincide somewhat better especially when the samples are stored in the refrigerator. Repeated thawing and refreezing does not influence the results of FT4-RIAs significantly. In vitro testing of drug interferences by addition of therapeutic doses of primidone, phenobarbital, phenytoin and acetylsalicylic acid yields significant effects only for the last quoted pharmaceutical. While the FT4 levels of the Liquisol and LisoPhase assays rise with the acetylsalicylic acid dose according to expectations, the values of the Amerlex and GammaCoat assays decrease. With regard to handling of the tests, there are no special technical problems for all FT4-RIAs tested. PMID- 6669475 TI - [Prognostic value of thallium scintigraphy in diagnostic problem cases]. AB - Quantitative myocardial scintigraphy was performed in 40 patients with a medium prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD), i.e. in cases with diagnostic difficulties. The results were compared with those of coronary angiography and ventriculography performed within 6 months thereafter. Sensitivity of scintigraphy in 16 patients with CAD was 88% and specificity in 14 individuals without heart disease was 93%. But in 10 patients with non-coronary heart disease specificity decreased to 30%. Scintigraphic evidence of ischemia increased specificity to nearly 100% including patients with non-coronary heart disease but sensitivity was reduced to 69%. The results demonstrate that myocardial scintigraphy with 201Tl is useful in cases with suspected CAD if diagnostic difficulties arise during the early phase of investigation. But there are limitations due to a rather high prevalence of non-coronary heart disease in such groups. PMID- 6669476 TI - [Determination of colloid concentration in static liver scintigrams - clinical applications]. AB - This prospective study of a large number of patients demonstrates the clinical possibilities of impulse densitometric evaluation of colloid concentration in static liver scintigraphy. In addition to interobserver variation and intrapersonal reproducibility the demarcation between normal and cirrhotic livers and the relationship of impulse densitometry to clinical and blood parameters are described. Case studies show the potential advantages for routine diagnostics. PMID- 6669477 TI - Potassium nitrate and nitrosamine formation. AB - The influence of potassium nitrate on the formation of nitrosamines in salami was studied. Samples of salami were prepared, with and without the addition of potassium nitrate. Under the conditions of the experiment, potassium nitrate did not represent a source of either nitrite or nitrosamines. Independently of the presence of potassium nitrate in the sample formulation, the growth of bacterial flora reached a maximum in the first 20 days of the ripening process. PMID- 6669478 TI - Effect of feeding fermented milk on the incidence of chemically induced colon tumors in rats. AB - The effect of feeding skim milk fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus or Lactobacillus bulgaricus on the incidence of chemically induced colon tumors was studied in rats. Weanling Fisher-344 rats were fed chow plus skim milk (SM), chow plus SM fermented by S. thermophilus, chow plus SM fermented by L. bulgaricus, or chow plus water until sacrifice at 36 weeks, or before if moribund. Colon tumors were induced by s.c. injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride during weeks 3 through 22. The control (chow + water) group received saline injections. The survival rate of the rats fed fermented milks was significantly higher than that of the rats fed nonfermented milk. The latter had a significantly higher incidence of ear-duct tumors than the rats receiving fermented milk. The percentage of rats showing colon tumors was similar among all three experimental groups. The control group did not have any tumors. The rats receiving fermented milk had a significantly higher incidence of small-intestine tumors than those receiving nonfermented milk. The rats on S. thermophilus milk had the lowest percentage of malignant colon tumors of the three experimental groups. Results indicated that the feeding of fermented milks altered the metabolism of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine and shifted the target organ from the ear duct to the small intestine. In addition, the colon tumor distribution for the fermented-milk groups appeared to shift toward the anus. PMID- 6669479 TI - Immunological role of vitamin A and its related substances in prevention of cancer. AB - The antitumor effects of vitamin A and its related substances, vitamin E, vitamin K, beta-carotene, ubiquinone, phytol, and squalene, were examined using a syngeneic murine tumor system. Intraperitoneal administration of these substances (0.19 mumol/mouse/day) slightly suppressed the growth of Meth A fibrosarcoma cells inoculated s.c. into Balb/c mice. Administration of all test substances except beta-carotene significantly suppressed the growth of Meth A fibrosarcoma cells rechallenged in Meth A-primed mice on day 10, but did not influence the growth of Meth 1 fibrosarcoma cells (another syngeneic tumor of Balb/c origin) rechallenged in Meth A-primed mice on day 10. The growth of Meth A tumor cells was suppressed when Meth A was inoculated together with lymph node cells obtained from the Meth A-primed Balb/c mice treated with vitamin A, vitamin E, phytol, or squalene. Our findings suggest that certain constituents in green-yellow vegetables may contribute to the prevention of cancer by augmenting an immunological response against tumor cells in the early stages of carcinogenesis. PMID- 6669480 TI - Protective effect of citrus fruit on esophageal cancer. PMID- 6669481 TI - Comparative evaluation of methods of collecting food intake data for cancer epidemiology studies. PMID- 6669482 TI - On establishing the interchangeability of different dietary-intake assessment methods used in studies of diet and cancer. PMID- 6669483 TI - [Lung biopsy through a bronchofibroscope in diffuse pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 6669484 TI - [Effect of lidocaine on histamine-induced bronchial spasm]. PMID- 6669485 TI - [Rare complication of lung abscess]. PMID- 6669486 TI - [Further studies on the complement system in migraine]. PMID- 6669487 TI - [Role of the skin in the distribution of trimethoprim]. PMID- 6669489 TI - [Social environment and health]. PMID- 6669488 TI - [Clinical and hemodynamic aspects of 2 cases of the cough-syncope syndrome]. PMID- 6669490 TI - [2 cases of venous thrombosis in long-term transvenous cardiac pacing]. PMID- 6669491 TI - [Legislation with regard to drug control in the USA]. PMID- 6669492 TI - [Intrahepatic cholestasis: surgical management?]. PMID- 6669493 TI - [Results in treating hepatic coma by the total blood wash-out method in viral hepatitis and toadstool poisoning]. PMID- 6669494 TI - [Changes in serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations in patients with autonomic "hot" thyroid nodules]. PMID- 6669495 TI - [Chenodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of recurrent bile duct calculi after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 6669496 TI - [Hypercalcemic coma in Ewing's sarcoma]. PMID- 6669497 TI - Effects of the dwarfing gene (dw) on egg weight, chick weight, and chick weight: egg weight ratio in a commercial broiler strain. AB - The effects of the dwarfing gene (dw) on egg weight, chick weight, and chick weight: egg weight ratio were studied. Egg weights prior to setting and subsequent chick weights were determined on 1842 chicks from standard-sized broiler dams and 1694 chicks from closely related dwarf dams. Egg weight means were 67.3 and 63.0 g for standard and dwarf dams, respectively. Chick weights expressed as percentage of egg weight were 68.4 and 67.3% for standard and dwarf dam chicks, respectively. Both egg weight and chick weight: egg weight ratio differences were highly significant (P less than .01). Percent hatch weights of male and female chicks, 68.0 and 67.7%, respectively, were also significantly different (P less than .05). Regression analysis of egg weight on chick weight estimated the overall equation: chick weight = -6.13 g + .78 X egg weight. A significant positive linear relationship between chick weight: egg weight ratio and egg weight was detected; males increased more than females and dwarf dam chicks more than standard dam chicks. This suggests that chicks from large eggs utilize egg nutrients more efficiently than those from small eggs. Because the larger eggs come from larger hens, it is speculated that there may be a genetic basis to this phenomenon. It was concluded that egg weight, sex, and dam type each significantly contributed to the variability in chick weight and chick weight: egg weight ratio. PMID- 6669498 TI - Early expression of hereditary deep pectoral myopathy in turkeys due to forced wing exercise. AB - In a deep pectoral myopathy selected (DPMS) line, forced wing exercise (FWE) at 20 weeks of age resulted in the same level of expressed deep pectoral myopathy (DPM) as seen in unexercised DPMS turkey by 72 weeks of age. The FWE at 15 and 17 weeks of age in DPMS line females increased the incidence of DPM to 30 and 50% compared to 5% in unexercised controls. There is an apparent developmental age X exercise relationship in the expression of DPM. In varieties, lines, and crosses without a history of DPM, FWE does not induce the myopathy. Additional evidence confirms the modifier effect in the polygenic DPM defect. Body weight and breast width measurements in genetically susceptible turkeys were not closely or consistently associated with expression of the myopathy. The results suggest FWE of turkeys at 20 weeks of age or later as a method for detecting genetic carriers at prebreeding ages. PMID- 6669499 TI - Performance of broiler breeders on different feeding systems. AB - Two experiments were conducted in which broiler breeders were fed either at 0800, 1300, 1600 hr, ad libitum, or at 1300 hr followed by a calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) supplement 3 hr later. The Ca-P supplement was 10.6 g/bird/day of pellets containing 5.2% P and 21.0% Ca. Experiment 1 was conducted with 64-week-old hens from July 27 to August 23. Experiment 2 was conducted with 32-week-old hens from November 5 to January 27. The birds that were fed at 1300 hr followed by Ca-P pellets at 1600 hr and those fed at 1600 hr laid eggs with higher specific gravity than did the birds fed at 0800 hr, 1300 hr, or ad libitum. The ad libitum fed birds laid eggs with the lowest specific gravity. There were no significant differences in fertility or hatchability of fertile eggs attributed to different feeding times, although ad libitum-fed birds had lower fertility and hatchability. However, egg production was significantly higher for hens fed at 1300 hr with Ca-P pellets at 1600 hr than for birds fed ad libitum in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, ad libitum-fed birds had significantly higher egg production than birds fed at 1300 hr. However, there were no significant differences in egg production among birds fed at different times. PMID- 6669500 TI - The effect of light intensity on the growth performance of male turkeys. AB - The growth performance of tom turkeys maintained in closed and open confinement housing was examined. Treatments were initiated on the day of hatching and consisted of constant light intensity of 1, 11, 110, or 220 lx in an enclosed house or sunlight supplemented with 11 or 220 lx at night in an open-sided house; all treatments received a total of 23 hr of light each day (23L:1D). Body weight, feed conversion, mortality, leg abnormalities, and final testes weight were recorded. Growth performance at marker age was not significantly different among treatments except for a heavier 18-week body weight in the open-confinement group given sunlight only (DL) and, in the closed confinement, a better feed conversion in the 11 lx treatment (C11) than the 1 lx treatment (C1) at 22 weeks of age. There was no apparent relationship between light intensity level and leg abnormalities but 22-week testes weight increased as light intensity increased. It was concluded that within closed confinement a constant light intensity of 1 lx resulted in an inferior growth performance, whereas 11 lx was sufficient to allow a growth performance similar to that obtained with 110 or 220 lx. In open confinement, supplemental artificial light at night of 11 or 220 lx did not result in an improved growth performance from birds on natural daylengths. PMID- 6669501 TI - Histochemical analysis of liver cells from short term, aflatoxin-dosed and nondosed Coturnix coturnix japonica. 1. Aflatoxin-sensitive quail. AB - Although aflatoxicosis in Coturnix coturnix japonica has been described, the histochemical localization of liver chemicals and the occurrence of ingested aflatoxins within blood, feces, and liver have not been described. Six to 8-week old quail, which were intubated with a carrier with or without .3 mg mixed aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2)/kg body weight were sacrificed within .25 to 5 days of intubation. Deparaffinized sections of livers were stained for lipids, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and proteins. Other livers and excrement were homogenized and filtered homogenates as well as blood partitioned against chloroform. The aqueous phase was treated with pepsin and then partitioned, but the organic phase was analyzed directly. Organic phases of .25 to 5 day blood, feces, and liver lacked aflatoxins. Pepsin digesta of blood from males and females dosed 6 hr appeared to contain aflatoxicol (disappeared by 24 hr) and an unknown fluorescent compound, respectively. Whereas an unidentified fluorescent compound was observed within excrement of males dosed 6 hr, female excrement contained a fluorescent compound with an AFB1 Rf (disappeared by 24 hr). Although the liver of males dosed 6 hr had three fluorescent compounds (Rfs for AFB1 and AFB2a), only one was seen within dosed females. Ultra violet absorption spectra of presumed AFB2a and aflatoxicol failed to yield their reported absorption maxima. Livers from dosed quail exhibited bile duct proliferation, cellular necrosis, vacuolization, congestion, fatty changes and mild hepatitis. Sinusoidal membranes were thickened and contained abundant periodic acid-Schiff's (PAS) positive substances. Although livers of nondosed quail abounded with regularly shaped and uniformly distributed, Sudan IV-positive droplets, livers of dosed quail accommodated few, irregularly-shaped and positioned droplets. Hepatocyte nuclei and nucleoli of dosed quail displayed marked affinities for the Feulgen reagent and toluidine blue O, respectively. Lobules of dosed quail possessed concentrations of cells in which their entire cytoplasm was PAS positive. Treatment of sections with alpha-amylase reduced staining suggesting the presence of glycogen. Ninhydrin-positive substances were distributed throughout the liver in both DQ and non DQ with no apparent difference in intensities between the two livers. Generally the DQ showed mild hepatitis due to aflatoxicosis and the toxin altered liver histochemistry for the major classes of cellular chemicals. PMID- 6669502 TI - The effects of geographical area, rearing method, caging density, and lymphoid leukosis infection on adult performance in egg stocks of chickens. AB - Birds were brooded reared, and laying house-tested at two widely separated sites: Animal Research Centre (ARC) and North Central Region Poultry Breeding Laboratory (NCRPBL). Two strain and a commercial stock were included only at NCRPBL. At ARC, all birds were brooded, reared, and laying house-tested in cages. At NCRPBL, half of the chicks were brooded and reared on floor and half in cages, and all hens were laying tested at one or two birds per cage. Most hens housed one per cage were tested for lymphoid leukosis virus (LLV) infection by the complement fixation test for group specific antigen in egg albumen. When all hens tested at NCRPBL were considered, the method of brooding and rearing affected only egg weight and body weight in favor of the hens reared in floor pens. The commercial stock and the strain crosses performed better than the control strains. Despite very similar genetic backgrounds, there were large differences between control strains 10 and NCR. Hens housed one per cage had lower mortality and higher egg production than those housed two per cage. Average performance of birds at ARC was somewhat better than that at NCRPBL, but there were genotype-site interactions for mortality, egg production, and sexual maturity. The frequency of shedders in the crosses (17.2%) was the same as that of the control strains (20.8%), but the frequency of shedders in the commercial stock (4.5%) was much lower. The method of brooding and rearing had no effect on the frequency of shedders. The LLV infection was associated with significant reductions in egg production and egg quality. For example, the difference between test-positive and test-negative hens was 25 eggs per hen housed and 16 eggs per surviving hen. PMID- 6669503 TI - Efficacy and nontarget effects of Larvadex as a feed additive for controlling house flies in caged-layer poultry manure. AB - The insect growth regulator N-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6 triamine (Larvadex, CGA 72662, cyromazine) was provided as a feed additive (.3% Premix per ton of feed) to caged laying hens under field conditions in high rise, wide span and narrow poultry houses. The chemical effectively controlled house flies (Musca domestica) and soldier flies (Hermetia illucens). The feed additive had no adverse effect on the populations of manure-inhabiting mites (Macrochelidae and Uropodidae) and histerid beetles (Carcinops pumulio), which prey on fly eggs and larvae. Satisfactory fly control was demonstrated by use of the additive 50% of the time when the interval without the additive in the feed was 4 days but not when the interval was 7 days. Use of a fly monitoring program to time the use of the feed additive is advocated. PMID- 6669504 TI - The effect of dietary energy level and broiler body weight on abdominal fat. AB - Utilizing a moderate rearing temperature regimen, two trials were conducted to determine the effect of dietary energy level on the amount of abdominal fat deposited when broilers are grown to equal body weight by varying growth time. The most abdominal fat (2.29% average of live weight for male and females) was produced by broilers offered a diet calculated to contain 3325 ME kcal/kg. The least amount of abdominal fat (1.92% average of live weight for male and females) was produced by broilers offered diets calculated to contain 3100 and 3175 metabolizable energy (ME) kcal/kg. In one additional day (48 vs. 47 days) the growth of the broilers offered diets calculated to contain 3100 and 3175 ME kcal/kg equalled that of broilers offered diets calculated to contain 3250 and 3325 ME kcal/kg. Feed conversion (g feed/g live weight) significantly decreased as dietary energy level increased. Three additional trials were conducted to determine when abdominal fat is deposited in relation to age and weight. It was found that male broilers offered diets calculated to contain 3325 ME kcal/kg had as much abdominal fat when expressed as a percent of body weight at 40 days of age as they did at 53 days of age. PMID- 6669505 TI - Supplementary inorganic sulfate and methionine for young turkeys. AB - Two replicated experiments utilizing a total of 864 Large White Turkeys were conducted to determine the effects and possible interactions of supplementary inorganic sulfate and DL-methionine on body weight gain and feed consumption. Experimental diets, in which a corn-soybean meal basal diet was supplemented with inorganic sulfate either in the form of sodium sulfate (0, .0952, and .1904%) or potassium sulfate (0, .1180, and .2360%), and with methionine (0, .05, .10 and .15%) in the place of glucose monohydrate, were fed in a 3 X 2 X 4 experimental design. Each diet was fed to 9 males and 9 females from 1 day to 7 weeks of age. For 0, .05, .10, and .15% added methionine, 7-week body weights were 2020, 2162, 2238, and 2243 g, and feed consumptions were 3346, 3478, 3587, and 3571 g, respectively, producing significant (P less than .001) increases. For 0, .0215, and .0430% added sulfur from sulfates, body weights were 2163, 2167, and 2167 g, and feed consumptions were 3483, 3510, and 3494 g, respectively, but none were significantly different. Interactions were not significant; thus, sulfates did not replace or alter the requirement for added methionine in diets of young turkeys in this study. PMID- 6669506 TI - Effects of dietary levels and types of fat on performance and mineral metabolism of broiler chicks. AB - Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of increasing dietary fat level from 0 to 9.0% and sources of supplemental fat (animal-vegetable fat or corn oil) on the performance and mineral metabolism in broiler chicks from day old to 3 weeks of age. In experiment 1, increasing dietary fat level significantly (P less than .05) increased 3-week body weight and significantly (P less than .01) improved feed efficiency. There was no significant effect of the treatments on bone ash, bone magnesium, phosphorus, manganese, or zinc, although bone calcium content was significantly (P less than .01) reduced with increase in dietary fat level. Plasma minerals were not significantly affected by the diet treatments. In Experiment 2, neither source of fat, dietary calcium, nor vitamin D3 had any significant effect on performance parameters. Calcium and magnesium retention were significantly (P less than .05) reduced by dietary corn oil. Bone ash and magnesium were significantly (P less than .01) reduced when corn oil was the source of dietary fat, and there was a significant interaction between source of fat and dietary calcium level on bone calcium content. Increasing the dietary vitamin D3 from 1600 to 3200 IU/kg significantly (P less than .05) increased bone calcium content. Bone phosphorus, manganese, and zinc content were not significantly affected by the diet treatments. Plasma magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc content were not significantly affected by the diet treatments. It is concluded that increasing dietary fat, although beneficial for growth, was detrimental to calcium retention and bone calcification. Increasing dietary calcium does not seem to alleviate this problem. PMID- 6669507 TI - Effects of dietary fatty acids and calcium levels on performance and mineral metabolism of broiler chickens. AB - The influence of inclusion of 8% linoleic/oleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids as the major source of fat in the presence of low (.8%) and high (1.2%) calcium in broiler diets was investigated using broiler chicks from day-old to 3 weeks of age. Palmitic and stearic acid caused an increase (P less than .01) in daily feed intake and weight gain with a decrease in feed efficiency compared to oleic and linoleic acid. There was variation (P less than .01) in energy utilization with palmitic and stearic acid being essentially unavailable. An interaction (P less than .05) between type of fatty acid and dietary calcium level was observed with fat retention. Increasing dietary calcium increased fecal soap concentration (P less than .01). Palmitic and stearic acid caused a significant increase in fecal soap formation and decrease in calcium retention. A significant interaction between type of fatty acid and dietary calcium level was observed with magnesium retention. Bone ash and bone calcium level were reduced (P less than .01) in the presence of palmitic and stearic acid while oleic acid had no significant effect on these parameters. A significant interaction of fatty acid type and level of calcium was observed for bone magnesium content, while bone phosphorus was not affected. Plasma calcium level was significantly reduced (P less than .01) by the addition of fatty acids relative to the control diets. Increasing dietary calcium level did not alleviate the decrease in calcium retention and bone calcium content associated with addition of fat. PMID- 6669508 TI - The effects of sorghum tannin and protein level on the performance of laying hens maintained in two temperature environments. AB - A study was conducted to investigate the effect of sorghum grain tannins on the performance of laying hens. A total of 144 White Leghorn hens were arrayed according to egg production during a 10-day preexperimental period into eight groups consisting of four nutritional treatments in each of two constant temperature environments (22 and 28 C). The nutritional treatments consisted of low (RS610) and high (Savanna) tannin sorghum grains compared isonitrogenously within a protein level at two protein levels (11.5 and 14.5%) in sorghum-soybean meal diets. These diets were fed for an experimental period of 6 weeks. Egg production and feed efficiency were reduced and weight loss was increased by 11.5% protein as compared with 14.5% protein. Tannin significantly reduced egg production and feed efficiency at both protein levels while egg specific gravity and shell thickness were adversely affected only at the lower level of protein. Egg weight and weight loss of hens were not affected by tannin. Except for weight loss, all parameters were slightly reduced by the higher temperature. At the end of the experiment, all hens were placed on a commercial laying ration for a 31 day period. Recovery from the treatment effects was evidenced by the similar egg production, body weight, egg weight, and shell characteristics among the previous treatments at the end of this period. PMID- 6669510 TI - Role of protein and energy in the regulation of energy metabolism and reproductive performance of large white turkey hens. AB - An experiment was conducted with Nicholas Large White turkey hens to determine the roles of energy and protein in energy efficiency, reproductive performance, and in vitro metabolism. Hens were fed diets containing 2400 or 2850 kcal ME/kg and either 12 or 17% protein. The experiment was conducted in environmentally controlled rooms maintained at 21 C and 50% dew point. The efficiency of energy utilization for both egg and poult production was greater in the 2400 kcal diets, and the efficiency of protein utilization was greater in the 12% protein diets. In vitro lipogenesis was less and plasma uric acid was greater (P less than .05) in hens fed diets containing 17% protein. In contrast, plasma phosphorous and calcium were greater (P less than .05) in hens fed diets containing 2400 kcal ME/kg. Plasma zinc and copper were unaffected by either dietary energy or protein levels. Because the 2400 kcal diets contained 30% wheat middlings, the higher metal levels observed in hens may be related to some component in middlings. Broodiness and mortality were also lower (P less than .05) in the groups fed diets containing 2400 kcal ME/kg. PMID- 6669509 TI - Biological availability of selenodicysteine in chicks. AB - The biological availability of selenium (Se) in selenodicysteine (SDC) for chicks was evaluated using plasma glutathione peroxidase (SeGSHpx) activity and tissue Se levels as criteria. In each of two trials day-old Single Comb White Leghorn chicks were fed a basal diet low in Se but supplemented with vitamin E during Days 1 to 14. On Day 15 three replicate groups of eight chicks were assigned to each dietary treatment. Dietary treatments consisted of feeding the basal diet alone or supplemented with approximately 50, 100, or 150 ppb Se as either sodium selenite or SDC from Days 15 to 27. Pooled samples of blood, liver, and breast muscle were obtained from four chicks per replicate group on Day 27. Activity of SeGSHpx and the concentration of Se in plasma, whole blood, muscle, and liver were highly correlated (P less than .0001) with supplemental dietary Se. In Trial 1 no differences were observed between the slopes for each compound upon determining linear regression equations for SeGSHpx, plasma Se, whole blood Se, muscle Se, or liver Se versus supplemental dietary Se. In Trial 2 there were no differences between the slopes for each compound in equations for SeGSHpx, plasma Se, or whole blood Se versus supplemental dietary Se. The ratio of slopes (SDC/sodium selenite) was .82 for both muscle Se and liver Se versus dietary Se. Thus, data indicate that Se in SDC is highly available for chicks. PMID- 6669511 TI - Influence of genetic increases in egg production on traits associated with broodiness in turkeys. AB - Egg production, nesting frequency, and serum levels of prolactin, estradiol, and total phosphorus were monitored in relatively nonbroody (egg) and relatively broody (RBC1) strains of turkey hens during a reproductive period. In the egg strain, prolactin levels were increased in a group with a relatively high frequency of nesting in comparison to a group with a relatively low frequency of nesting. No differences between these two groups were detected for serum estradiol, total phosphorus, or egg production. In the RBC1 strain, prolactin levels did not differ between a group of hens that did not exhibit broodiness and a group that exhibited one or more bouts of broodiness. A broodiness treatment was used for the latter group. The broody group exhibited extremely variable levels of prolactin. In individual broody hens, the levels of prolactin were relatively high. After broodiness in 12 of 13 hens, the level of prolactin fell to relatively low levels. In the one hen not responding to broodiness treatment, the level of prolactin became low levels. In the one hen not responding to broodiness treatment, the level of prolactin became extremely high. Nesting frequency, total serum phosphorus, and egg production were generally not different between the two groups. The level of prolactin showed seasonal changes in both strains of hens, starting low, increasing to maximal levels between 40 and 80 days of production, and then declining to low levels late in the reproductive period. Laying hens always had higher levels of prolactin than nonlaying, nonbroody hens. PMID- 6669512 TI - Progesterone-induced delay of the onset of lay in the prepubertal pullet. AB - Thirty-six 119-day-old White Leghorn pullets were administered either a 2 cm progesterone (P4) implant or an empty (control) implant. Plasma samples drawn at 7, 14, and 43 days postimplant were assayed for P4 and luteinizing hormone (LH), and the day of first egg production and total egg production to 200 days of age was recorded. Treatment with P4 significantly elevated plasma concentrations of P4 at all sampling intervals and depressed plasma LH at the sampling intervals 14 and 42 days postimplant. In addition, P4 treatment significantly delayed the mean time of the onset of egg production by greater than 16 days and decreased the total number of eggs laid to 200 days of age. It is suggested that P4 can inhibit LH secretion in the prepubertal pullet. However, from the present study, it is not possible to determine whether the decrease in plasma LH in P4-implanted birds is directly or indirectly related to the delayed onset of egg production. PMID- 6669513 TI - The effect of light intensity on turkey poult eye morphology. AB - In each of two studies the influence of light intensity on the eye morphology of poults was examined. The light intensity treatments were started on the day of hatching and consisted of 1.1, 11, 110, or 220 lx from incandescent bulbs for 23 hr each day. Eye weight, anterior-posterior diameter, and transverse diameter were significantly increased only in the 1.1 lx treatment of both tests. Under the conditions of this test it was concluded that eye morphology of poults can be changed by low light intensity of 1.1 lx but not 11, 110, or 220 lx. PMID- 6669514 TI - The postrest performance of laying hens subjected to early or late water restriction during the feed withdrawal period. AB - Two experiments initiated in December and April were conducted to determine the effect of water restriction on the performance of force-rested hens. Birds used in this study were housed in cages and were 74 weeks of age at the beginning of each study. Treatment assignments were 1) no water restriction, 2) water restriction on Days 1 and 2 (48 hr), and 3) water restriction on Days 9 and 10 (48 hr). All birds were subjected to identical 10 day feed withdrawal periods, were fed low protein and low calcium recovery diets to Day 35, and then were placed on a standard postrest feeding system for six 28-day production periods. With only three exceptions, within-experiment differences in postrest performance due to water restriction treatment were not significant regardless of criteria evaluated or season of force-rest initiation. When water was restricted on Days 9 and 10 in the experiment initiated in April, hens laid at a significantly lower rate with significantly heavier eggs than others in the same experiment. Hens that experienced either water restriction treatment during the April force-rest had poorer feed conversion when expressed in terms of egg numbers. Feed intake, feed conversion on a weight-for-weight basis, egg specific gravity, and mortality were not affected by water restriction treatment, regardless of season. Water restriction was not necessary for a successful force-rest of laying hens, and, in fact, could be detrimental when instituted in the later part of the feed withdrawal period in warm weather. PMID- 6669515 TI - Blood parameters of one-year-old and seven-year old partridges (Alectoris chukar). AB - Several blood parameters were determined for 12 1-year-old and 12 7-year-old partridges to establish base line values on blood chemistry of this species. After taking blood samples, the 7-year-old birds were killed and necropsied for gross examination. With aging, there was a significant increase in plasma glucose, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), potassium, cholesterol, uric acid, and albumin. Males generally had a significantly lower lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) than females. The 7-year-old males had a significantly higher plasma cholesterol and GOT than 1-year-old males. There were no differences in plasma potassium, sodium, and calcium between partridges and data previously reported for chickens. Blood glucose levels in young and old partridge appear to be twice that for chickens, whereas cholesterol and lactic dehydrogenase levels were much lower in chickens. PMID- 6669516 TI - Effect of dietary sodium chloride, protein, and strain difference upon water consumption and fecal moisture content of broiler breeder males. AB - Water consumption of birds and moisture content and water-holding capacity of feces were determined for caged immature broiler breeder males of Strains A and B. Both strains were fed a commercial type corn-soy diet containing 16% protein and .35% sodium chloride. The breeder males of Strain A were also fed different levels of dietary proteins (12, 14, 16, and 18%) for 3 weeks and sodium chloride (0, .17, .35, and .70%) for 3 weeks to evaluate the effect on the criteria listed. A commercial type feeding and water restriction program was used. Strain A males consumed more water and had a significantly greater moisture content and a significantly reduced moisture-holding capacity of feces than did Strain B males when fed the same diet. The dietary levels of salt used had no effect on water consumption (off feed day), fecal moisture, or water holding capacity of the feces in strain A males. Water consumption on feed day significantly increased as dietary salt increased. Although decreasing dietary protein below 16% had no influence on water consumption, it did significantly decrease fecal moisture and increase the water-holding capacity of feces. It was concluded that strain differences in water consumption exist and that the large quantity of water consumed and high fecal moisture content of Strain A males was not related to dietary salt or protein. PMID- 6669517 TI - Tube inserts as aids in preparative ultracentrifugation. AB - Conventional preparative ultracentrifugation was modified by using inserts in the centrifuge tubes, causing a reduction of the time necessary to centrifuge a protein at reduced rotor velocity from suspension. PMID- 6669518 TI - Vertical ascending electrophoresis of cells with a minimal stabilizing medium. AB - Vertical fractionation of a mixture of fixed horse and human red blood cells layered over a stabilizing support medium was done to give a valid comparison with proposed space experiments. In particular, the effects of sample thickness and concentration on zone migration rate were investigated. Electrophoretic mobilities of horse and human cells calculated from zone migration rates were compatible with those obtained by microelectrophoresis. Complete cell separation was observed when low power and effective cooling were employed. PMID- 6669519 TI - An improved purification procedure and apoprotein preparation for the flavodoxin from Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - An improved method for the purification of the holoflavodoxin from Azotobacter vinelandii was developed, which resulted in improved yields and degree of homogeneity. The purity and homogeneity of this sample were established by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An apoprotein preparation procedure is outlined, which results in a homogeneous preparation of the apoflavodoxin. The homogeneity of the apoflavodoxin sample was established by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6669520 TI - A simplified technique for the isolation of the fourth complement component. AB - Prothrombin complex (P.C.) preparations obtained by batch adsorption onto DEAE Sephadex are highly enriched in C4. Based on this observation a technique has been elaborated where the P.C. analogue is further submitted to precipitation by ethanol and batch adsorption of impurities on DEAE-Cellulose. Unaltered C4 is obtained in a 2 days process with a yield corresponding to 40% of the starting material (cryoconcentrate supernatant). PMID- 6669521 TI - Developments in human reproduction and their eugenic, ethical implications. Proceedings of the nineteenth annual symposium of the Eugenics Society, London 1982. PMID- 6669522 TI - Screening for carriers of recessive disease. PMID- 6669523 TI - In vitro culture of embryo and fetus. PMID- 6669524 TI - Developments in human reproduction and their eugenic,ethical implications. Eugenic implications of new techniques. PMID- 6669525 TI - Developments in human reproduction and their eugenic, ethical implications. Social and ethical aspects. PMID- 6669526 TI - Developments in human reproduction and their eugenic, ethical implications. Legal implications. PMID- 6669527 TI - Difficult decisions in medical ethics. The fourth volume in a series on ethics, humanism, and medicine. Proceedings of the Eighth and Ninth Conferences on Ethics, Humanism, and Medicine. 1981 and 1982, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. PMID- 6669528 TI - CEHM: Ninth Conference--keynote address. PMID- 6669529 TI - Introduction: ethical decisions in the ICU. PMID- 6669530 TI - Ethical issues in the intensive care unit. Case for discussion. PMID- 6669531 TI - Patient's right to refuse psychotherapeutic medications. Case for discussion. PMID- 6669532 TI - Patient autonomy in intensive care. PMID- 6669533 TI - Ethical decisions in the intensive care unit. PMID- 6669534 TI - Patient autonomy and the refusal of psychotropic medications. PMID- 6669535 TI - Discussion summary: ethical issues in the intensive care unit. PMID- 6669536 TI - Introduction: surrogate mothering. PMID- 6669537 TI - Surrogate motherhood: past, present and future. PMID- 6669538 TI - Discussion summary: surrogate mothering. PMID- 6669539 TI - Introduction: truth telling in pediatrics. PMID- 6669540 TI - "Truth telling in pediatrics - in degrees". PMID- 6669541 TI - Introduction: when pharmacist and physician disagree. PMID- 6669542 TI - When pharmacist and physician disagree. Case for discussion. PMID- 6669543 TI - When pharmacist and physician disagree. PMID- 6669544 TI - When pharmacist and physician disagree. PMID- 6669545 TI - Summary: when pharmacist and physician disagree. PMID- 6669546 TI - The right to refuse psychotropic medications. PMID- 6669547 TI - Discussion summary: the right to refuse psychotropic medications. PMID- 6669548 TI - Introduction: health care professionals' obligation to report child abuse. PMID- 6669549 TI - Confidentiality and the obligation to report child abuse. Case for discussion. PMID- 6669550 TI - The necessity for reporting child abuse. PMID- 6669551 TI - Confidentiality and the obligation to report child abuse. PMID- 6669552 TI - Introduction: the right to refuse psychotropic medications. PMID- 6669553 TI - Discussion summary: health care professionals' obligation to report child abuse. PMID- 6669554 TI - Introduction: deception in the teaching hospital. PMID- 6669555 TI - Deception in the teaching hospital. Case for discussion. PMID- 6669556 TI - Deception in the teaching hospital. PMID- 6669557 TI - Deception in the teaching hospital: where we've been and where we're going. PMID- 6669558 TI - Discussion summary: deception in the teaching hospital. PMID- 6669559 TI - Viral hepatitis and delta infection. Proceedings of an International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis. June 10-11, 1983, Torino, Italy. PMID- 6669561 TI - Structure and organization of hepatitis B virus DNA. PMID- 6669562 TI - Epidemiology of the delta agent: an introduction. PMID- 6669560 TI - Experimental transmission of the delta agent to the eastern woodchuck (Marmota monax). PMID- 6669563 TI - Vertical transmission of the HBV-associated delta agent. PMID- 6669564 TI - Familiar clustering of delta infection. PMID- 6669565 TI - Delta infection: intrafamily spreading. PMID- 6669566 TI - Delta infection among haemophiliacs. PMID- 6669567 TI - Spread of delta infection in a group of haemodialysis carriers of HBsAg. PMID- 6669568 TI - Epidemiology of delta infection in Scandinavia. PMID- 6669569 TI - Aspects on the epidemiology of delta-agent among Arabs. PMID- 6669570 TI - Histopathology of chronic delta hepatitis. PMID- 6669571 TI - Morphologic evolution of frequently fatal delta agent infection in Venezuelan indians. PMID- 6669572 TI - Electron microscopic studies of delta infection. PMID- 6669573 TI - Clinical aspects of delta agent infection in southern Italy. PMID- 6669574 TI - Delta infection in the course of chronic hepatitis B. PMID- 6669575 TI - Delta antigen positive chronic liver disease in Greece: clinical aspects and natural course. AB - Chronic delta infection occurs in Greece in about 10 to 15% of HBsAg+ subjects, being largely unrelated to parenteral transmission and/or to drug addiction. The observed cases exhibited histological changes ranging from chronic persistent hepatitis to chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis. The male/female ratio of patients with delta Ag + CLD was 3.8:1 and their mean age 40 years. They were younger compared to delta Ag-/HBsAg+ CLD and they presented with a wide spectrum of symptoms and signs. About 25% of the patients were oligosymptomatic or asymptomatic and about 40% manifested their disease as an episode of acute hepatitis with protracted or relapsing course followed by chronicity. Biochemical changes appeared to be more severe than in delta Ag-/HBsAg + CLD. The natural history was frequently characterised by a progressive course, terminating, in about 15 years, to death from cirrhosis and liver failure, although remissions occasionally occurred. HCC also developed but probably less frequently than in HBsAg positive, delta Ag negative CLD. Whether the natural course of delta Ag+ CLD can be modified by any form of treatment remains to be proved. PMID- 6669576 TI - Epidemiology and clinical course of delta infection in Britain. AB - This study demonstrates the presence of serological markers of delta infection in HBsAg positive patients throughout the years 1976-1982. As in other Northern European countries, delta infection in Britain is predominantly found in drug addicts and haemophiliacs. delta Ag was detected transiently in serum in a minority of patients presenting with acute hepatitis. In the others and those presenting with chronic liver disease, anti-delta was the only serological evidence of delta infection. Our findings also confirm that delta infection is associated with a more severe and rapidly progressive liver disease. PMID- 6669578 TI - The woodchuck animal model of hepatitis B-like virus infection and disease. AB - As a model of virus-induced disease, the WHV/woodchuck system is at an early stage of development; yet, much progress has been made and there now exists considerable evidence that WHV causes serious liver disease with major parallels to HBV infection of man. The relatively short interval (4-5 yrs) from infection to end-stage disease in this model provides unique opportunities for definition of the natural history of HBV disease and the evaluation of various intervention strategies (e.g., vaccine prophylaxis and anti-viral therapy). Such studies are currently in progress in a number of laboratories. PMID- 6669577 TI - Delta infection in children. PMID- 6669579 TI - Role of delta agent in fulminant hepatitis in the Los Angeles area. PMID- 6669581 TI - Prospective study of epidemic delta infection in drug addicts. PMID- 6669580 TI - Epidemiological and clinical features of fulminant delta hepatitis. PMID- 6669582 TI - Autologous hepatocytes in hepatitis B virus (HBV) related liver disease: a problem of liver cell culture. PMID- 6669583 TI - Overt and latent HBV infection. PMID- 6669584 TI - Hepatitis B viral DNA sequences in the infected tissues. PMID- 6669585 TI - Chronic type B hepatitis: clinical course. PMID- 6669586 TI - Histopathology of viral hepatitis. PMID- 6669587 TI - Properties of delta-associated ribonucleic acid. PMID- 6669588 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of delta infected liver biopsies. PMID- 6669589 TI - Lack of effect of a new spasmolytic agent, rociverine, on intraocular pressure, pupil size and iridocorneal angle in patients with angle-closure glaucoma. AB - Twenty patients with angle-closure glaucoma (38 glaucomatous eyes - 17 surgically operated, 21 non-operated) were treated with rociverine (60 mg orally per day for 7 days), a new direct myolitic and mildly anticholinergic antispasmodic drug. Intraocular pressure, pupil size, iridocorneal angle, blood pressure and heart rate were checked before and during treatment. No clinically significant variations were observed in the parameters tested. It is suggested, therefore, that rociverine may be administered, if necessary, even to patients with angle closure glaucoma. PMID- 6669590 TI - Reducing the risk: barbiturate substitution with a benzodiazepine. AB - A study was carried out in general practice in 85 habitual barbiturate takers, many of whom had been using this hypnotic for over 30 years, to assess the clinical practicability and acceptance of barbiturate substitution with flurazepam. Each barbiturate capsule or tablet being taken by patients was replaced by 15 mg flurazepam, either immediately or by gradual substitution. Patients were followed-up over a period of 6 months. The results showed that 5% of the patients were able to stop hypnotic therapy after initial substitution with flurazepam, a further 7% were maintained on occasional flurazepam and 65% on repeated doses, while 18% continued to take barbiturates. PMID- 6669591 TI - Calcitonin in the treatment of intractable pain from advanced malignancy. AB - Clinical details are given of 8 patients who complained of severe pain from metastatic bone disease or from multiple myeloma. Four of the patients were included in a double-blind pilot trial designed to compare the effectiveness of salmon calcitonin (200 i.u. intramuscularly) and placebo given twice daily for 4 days. Two of these patients experienced pain relief and were found to have been given salmon calcitonin; the other 2 had no pain relief and had been given placebo. The other 4 of the 8 patients were treated with salmon calcitonin and also had relief of their pain. It would appear, therefore, that salmon calcitonin may be dramatically effective in the treatment of intractable pain from advanced malignancy and its use warrants further study. PMID- 6669592 TI - A comparison of acebutolol with methyldopa in hypertensive pregnancy. AB - Twenty pregnant women with mild to moderate hypertension were treated with either methyldopa or acebutolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent with cardioselectivity and intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, in a prospective open study. The two groups were comparable, although some selection bias may have been present. The dose of either drug was adjusted to attain a diastolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg or less, and 2 of the acebutolol group and 1 of the methyldopa group required the addition of hydralazine to achieve this. There were no still births or neo-natal deaths in either group. There was no difference discernible between the groups in duration of pregnancy, birth weight. Apgar score or placental weight, and no evidence of bradycardia, hypoglycaemia or respiratory difficulty in the babies born to mothers taking acebutolol. Fewer side-effects seemed to be present in the acebutolol group, and the mean period of hospitalization during pregnancy was 8 days in these patients compared with 14 days in the methyldopa group (p less than 0.01). The results of this pilot study suggest that acebutolol warrants further investigation as an effective and well-tolerated treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. PMID- 6669593 TI - [Effect of adjuvants on the pharmaceutical and biological availability of chlorpromazine hydrochloride]. AB - It is reported of the influence of adjuvants upon the pharmaceutical and biological availability of chlorpromazine hydrochloride from tablets. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose (Heweten 40) and potato starch have been used for tabletting. The adjuvants added act on the pharmaceutical availability, certain differences being due to a discriminate swelling behaviour. The differences observed in vitro exert no effect on the bioavailability of the drug in the rabbit. Thus, the tablets produced with the adjuvants mentioned have proved to be preparations of almost equivalent similar biopharmaceutical behaviour. PMID- 6669595 TI - The use of QSAR in activation of fibrinolysis in the series of arylaliphatic acids. PMID- 6669594 TI - [Protein binding of the macrolide antibiotic turimycin. Methodologic effects on results]. AB - A methodological investigation deals with the binding of the macrolide antibiotic turimycin to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and serum proteins. On this occasion, it is pointed out that, especially when serum is used, the critical evaluation of the analytical method is of the same importance as the utilization of standardized procedures for the quantification of the protein binding in the sense of general comparability. This concerns, for example, the chemistry of the reaction used for detection, the formation of degradation products of the active principle in the serum during the study of the binding and possible repercussions on the chemical determination, the electrolyte content of the sample in the punched hole of the microbiological test plate, losses of activity or synergistic effects of the serum-antibiotic combination during incubation of microbiological test plates after termination of the equilibrium dialysis. The determination of binding constants by means of a competitive fluorescence titration, the chemical analysis of equilibrium dialyses and their parallel assessment with the aid of the agar-diffusion plate test led to results which were not in agreement with each other. Turimycin which is very slightly soluble at pH = 7.4 and fairly soluble at pH = 5.0, is practically not bonded at the lower pH value of BSA and serum proteins (fluorescence titration of BSA: Kb approximately 20; equilibrium dialysis and chemical evaluation). The microbiological determination in serum on the basis of equilibrium dialyses yields higher values for the binding of turimycin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6669596 TI - The antimicrobial activity of garlic and onion extracts. AB - Aqueous extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) were tested for activity against Gram-positive organisms, Gram-negative organisms and fungi. A significant growth inhibition was shown by most of the organisms, tested at random. A quantitative assessment of the activity was carried out by determining the minimum bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations of the extracts against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Garlic extract showed greater activity as compared to the extract of onion. The activity of the garlic extract on the mouth flora of volunteers was then investigated. A mouth wash containing 10% garlic in quarter Ringer solution produced a drastic reduction in the number of oral bacteria. PMID- 6669597 TI - Investigations on unspecific, intestinal elimination in the case of poisoning with psychotropic drugs. AB - Anticholinergic and antiserotonergic activities of the psychotropic drugs chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, imipramine and promethazine have been investigated quantitatively on the guinea-pig isolated ileum. Additional experiments were made to assure the comparability of receptor activity with human intestinal (ileum) preparations. Each of the four compounds exhibited a marked blocking potency both on muscarinic and serotonergic receptors. The antagonism was found to be slowly reversible and non-competitive in higher drug concentrations. Sodium sulfate often recommended in cases of poisoning with these drugs was nearly ineffective for evoking contractions in model investigations with drug concentrations which can be found in practical clinical conditions. PMID- 6669599 TI - [Scientific and economic pharmacy practice from the viewpoint of health policy]. PMID- 6669598 TI - [The effect of new quaternary ammonium compounds on bacteria and fungi. 5: Synthesis of 3-methyl-n-alkylthiomethylpyridinium-, 1-methyl-3-n alkylthiomethylimidazolium- and 1-ethyl-3-n-alkylthioimidazolinium chloride]. AB - Synthesis of some chlorides indicated in headline and their antibacterial properties was described. Synthesis of quaternary pyridine and imidazoline chlorides was performed by reaction of chloromethyl-n-alkylthioether with 3 methylpyridine or 1-methyl- and 1-ethylimidazole. Antibacterial properties of obtained compounds was tested on 13 strains of bacteria and fungi. Chlorides with dodecyl radical indicated the best antibacterial activity. PMID- 6669600 TI - [Further development of supply systems in pharmacy]. PMID- 6669601 TI - [Estimation of heavy metal contamination in pharmaceutical preparations and implants]. AB - The results from studies on the heavy metal content in pharmaceutical preparations are reported. In connexion with pertinent information, it is suggested, in the interest of health protection, to consider in future respective limits. PMID- 6669602 TI - In vitro solubility studies of commercially available pharmaceutical products. PMID- 6669603 TI - [Circadian and ontogenetic changes in sensitivity to sodium phenobarbital in the golden hamster]. PMID- 6669604 TI - Elimination of arbutin from the organism. PMID- 6669605 TI - Studies on protein binding of analgin. PMID- 6669606 TI - Fluorimetric and spectrophotometric determination of labetalol hydrochloride and its tablets. PMID- 6669607 TI - [Gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G 10 for thiocyanate determination in biological materials]. PMID- 6669608 TI - [Correlation between the antimicrobial activity of quaternary ammonium salts of heptacaine against Staphylococcus aureus and the extraction constant of ion pairs]. PMID- 6669609 TI - Acetonyl esters as antibacterial agents. PMID- 6669610 TI - [Synthesis of N-alpha-arylsulfonylated 4-aminomethylphenylglycinamides and 4 aminomethylphenylalaninamides as thrombin inhibitors]. PMID- 6669611 TI - [Degree of crystallization of digoxin and its in vitro absorption behavior]. PMID- 6669612 TI - Synthesis and antimicrobial testing of certain oxadiazoline and triazole derivatives. AB - The synthesis of some novel oxadiazolines and triazoles is described. Cyclization of nicotinic acid hydrazones using acetic anhydride afforded 2-substituted 3 acetyl-5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolines. Likewise, when potassium dithiocarbazate--prepared from nicotinic acid hydrazide--was reacted with hydrazine hydrate, cyclization and production of 4-amino-3-(3-pyridyl)-5 mercapto[4H]-1,2,4-triazole was achieved. Ten new azomethine derivatives were prepared through the condensation between the latter amine and different aromatic aldehydes. The novel compounds were subjected to preliminary antimicrobial testing and the data obtained are summarized. PMID- 6669613 TI - Uracil, 2,4-dichlorophenol and diphenylether derivatives with antimicrobial activity. AB - For possible antimicrobial activity, 5-chlorosulphonyl-chloride uracil, 6 chlorosulphonyl-2,4-dichlorophenol and 4,4'-dichlorosulphonyldiphenylether were condensed with amines, hydrazine hydrate, amino acids and amino acid esters. PMID- 6669614 TI - Effect of some selected salts and non-ionic surfactants on the antimicrobial activity of nalidixic acid. AB - The effect of different concentrations of some selected salts, namely, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, monosodium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium chloride, dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium sulphate, aluminium chloride and sodium citrate on the antimicrobial activity of nalidixic acid was investigated. It was found that all the salts tested, except aluminium chloride and sodium citrate, exert no antimicrobial activity. The effect of 10% non-ionic surface active agents, namely, Myrj 51, 52, 59, Brij 35, 58, 98, Tween 20, 40, 60, and 80 on the antimicrobial activity of nalidixic acid was studied. The results indicated that the activity of nalidixic acid was decreased in the presence of these surfactants. Furthermore, the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride on the antimicrobial activity of nalidixic acid surfactants systems was reported. PMID- 6669615 TI - [Possibility of influencing drug release from polymers--using the example of bead polymers]. AB - By the example of the model drug phenobarbital, the authors report of the possibilities of influencing the liberation of drugs from acrylate-based bead polymers. The drug-containing bead polymers produced were studied in vitro (half change method, beaker device according to Moldenhauer, artificial digestive juices according to Munzel, without addition of enzymes). The composition of a unit-dose preparation, composed of several batches prepared under different conditions, is dealt with. The release values obtained largely meet the requirements made on depot preparations. PMID- 6669616 TI - Dissolution of meprobamate from various tablet formulations. AB - The effect of some formulation variables on the release of meprobamate from compressed tablets has been investigated. Possible interaction among the various variables was also studied. As a diluent, lactose produced a better dissolution rate than did starch. Tablets made with starch paste as the binder produced a faster release of meprobamate than those made with gelatin solution. Acacia proved to be the best disintegrating agent when compared to microcrystalline cellulose or starch, especially when the formulation already contained starch as the diluent. Under these conditions, microcrystalline cellulose was a better disintegrating agent than starch. Magnesium stearate or talc when used as a lubricant did not reduce the rate of release of meprobamate. Formulations containing a large proportion of starch (about 50%) did not produce a fast release of meprobamate. PMID- 6669617 TI - Anticonvulsant action of new cyclic derivatives of phenylsuccinimides. AB - The toxicity of three new cyclic derivatives of phenylsuccinimide, IL-7, I-10, I 11, and their anticonvulsant activity with the use of electric and chemical induced convulsion tests were investigated in animals; ED50 and LD50 were calculated. The new compounds were found to display anticonvulsant action similar to that of Lefadol and ethosuximide and to have interesting values to therapeutic index. They seemed to be less toxic as compared to classical succinimides. PMID- 6669618 TI - [Quantitative structure-activity analysis of thiobenzamides]. AB - It is very difficult to meet all prerequisites for the optimization of the tuberculostatic action of thiobenzamides. On the one hand, a strongly polarized C=S bond of the thiocarbamido group is necessary, and on the other hand, the value of the Hammett constant must be positive (to prevent hepatotoxicity). The conjugated system can be extended to reduce the excitation energy of the eta-eta electronic transition. However, the lipophilicity should not be overincreased (to avoid the risk of increased antimitotic activity and acute toxicity). Of the culture media, the Sauton system seems to be best suited since it is the most simple. However, the culture medium according to Sula comes closest to in vivo conditions as it contains proteins and is devoid of surfactants. PMID- 6669619 TI - [Construction, operation and initial experience with a laboratory apparatus for fluid-bed coating of particles]. AB - Starting from the developmental work of Dittgen and co-workers [1] and of Groning [2], the authors constructed an air-suspension device which permits to coat crystals, granules and pellets on a laboratory scale. The device developed is a glass apparatus for coating almost 10 g of particles. The motion of the particles to be coated is characterized by a high-speed rotation on a circular orbit associated with a raise by the air current and a fall caused by gravity. This combined motion prevents the development of zones of varying particle sizes. The usefulness of this apparatus is demonstrated by the example of the application of a polyacrylate depot coating to pholedrine sulphate and quinidine sulphate pellets. Scanning electron micrographs are used for the optical assessment of the coating. PMID- 6669620 TI - [Biologically active N-Mannich bases of 2,3-dioxo-1,4-benzoxazine]. PMID- 6669621 TI - [Vasopressin content of the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits after nicotine administration]. PMID- 6669622 TI - [Effects of active agent and adjuvants on the protein conformation and pharmaceutical use properties of gelatin preparations]. PMID- 6669623 TI - [Synthesis of antiproteolytic beta-tosylamino-gamma-(4-amidinophenyl) butyric acid derivatives]. PMID- 6669624 TI - [Effect of UV light on the in vivo biotransformation of quinoline]. PMID- 6669625 TI - Zopiclone, a third generation of hypnotics. PMID- 6669626 TI - Prediction of clinical efficacy of zopiclone by utilizing two psychophysiological tools in healthy volunteers. AB - The clinical effects of zopiclone were predicted by using two psychophysiological tests: the averaged photopalpebral reflex and the frontal midline theta activity. Zopiclone at 5 and 10 mg showed a rapid, dose-dependent, moderately lasting prolongation of the latencies of the averaged photopalpebral reflex related to the lowering of the arousal level. Diazepam 5 mg increased markedly the frontal midline theta activity, the appearance of which seems to be related to the relief from anxiety, while zopiclone 10 mg only slightly modified the frontal midline theta activity. The results suggest that zopiclone possesses a potent hypnotic effect, whereas its anxiolytic potential in humans is probably low. PMID- 6669627 TI - Effects of hypnotics on memory. AB - The influence on memory of 7.5 mg zopiclone, given in single and repeated doses was compared with that of 2 mg flunitrazepam, 5 mg nitrazepam and placebo. Compared with placebo, all three drugs induced some impairment of memory especially after the first day of administration. Effects were more pronounced for the two benzodiazepines and more marked for flunitrazepam. There was one report of an anterograde amnestic episode after flunitrazepam. PMID- 6669628 TI - Drug-alcohol interactions on psychomotor skills: zopiclone and flunitrazepam. AB - Interaction between alcohol and zopiclone or flunitrazepam as well as the residual effects of both these hypnotics were studied in 20 normal male volunteers who received each 3 of 6 different drug and drink combinations according to a balanced incomplete block design as follows: placebo, zopiclone (7.5 mg), or flunitrazepam (2 mg) was administered double-blind in identical capsules at 23.00 h, and 0.5 g/kg body weight of alcohol or placebo alcohol was given at 08.30 h the following morning. Psychomotor skills of the volunteers were measured before drinking and 30 min, 1.5 h and 2.5 h after it. As compared with placebo, zopiclone had no residual effects, while flunitrazepam had some effects on standing steadiness, tracking, and flicker recognition. Alcohol alone had a non-significant effect on skills, and the combination zopiclone plus alcohol behaved as alcohol alone. Flunitrazepam plus alcohol impaired significantly standing steadiness, tracking, and reactive skills when compared with all other treatments. Time anticipation and hand and foot proprioception were not affected by any treatment. The results suggest that flunitrazepam, unlike zopiclone, has residual effects and interacts with alcohol in the morning following overnight ingestion of the drug. PMID- 6669629 TI - Polygraphical sleep recordings in insomniac patients under zopiclone or nitrazepam. AB - Zopiclone, a new hypnotic with an original chemical structure, was compared in a sleep laboratory study with nitrazepam according to a double-blind, parallel group randomized design. Zopiclone (7.5 mg) and nitrazepam (5 mg) were each given for 14 nights to 5 insomniacs; a placebo washout period of 4 nights and a placebo withdrawal period of 10 nights were included in the design. Both drugs were found to be immediately and lastingly effective. Some slight insomnia rebound was found with nitrazepam, but not with zopiclone. Stage 2 was decreased, slow wave sleep (SWS) increased, and rapid eye movement unchanged by both drugs: however, only nitrazepam increased rapid eye movement latency. The differences between the effects of the drugs were quite limited. However, 3 out of 50 comparisons favoured zopiclone and none nitrazepam. PMID- 6669630 TI - Effectiveness of zopiclone as a preoperative hypnotic. AB - A controlled, double-blind study was made of the efficacy and safety of a new hypnotic, zopiclone, on the preoperative night's sleep by a Joint Study Unit Group of the anesthesiology departments in 6 national hospitals. The following results were found: (1) zopiclone 7.5 and 10 mg and nitrazepam 10 mg were significantly superior to placebo both on the quality of sleep and the mental state of the patient, while no significant differences were observed among these three active drugs; (2) a significantly higher incidence of side-effects was observed for nitrazepam 10 mg than for zopiclone 7.5 and 10 mg and placebo; (3) zopiclone 7.5 and 10 mg and also nitrazepam 10 mg were significantly more useful than placebo, and (4) the above results show that 7.5 and 10 mg of zopiclone are of great benefit to the preoperative night's sleep and have less side-effects than 10 mg of nitrazepam. PMID- 6669631 TI - Dose-finding and premedication studies with zopiclone. AB - The new non-benzodiazepine hypnotic, zopiclone, was investigated as a preanaesthetic medication in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy patients scheduled for minor gynaecological surgery. Initially a dose finding study was conducted in which zopiclone 3.75 mg, 7.5, and 11.25 mg was compared with diazepam 10 mg and placebo; 7.5 mg was established as the optimum dose of zopiclone. In the main study zopiclone 7.5 mg was comparable to diazepam 10 mg at 20, 40, and 60 min after administration and more efficacious at 90 min. PMID- 6669632 TI - Evaluation of zopiclone physical dependence liability in normal volunteers. AB - The potential of zopiclone, a non-benzodiazepine sedative hypnotic, to induce physical dependence in normal human volunteers was investigated. 9 male subjects (age range 21-39 years) participated in a 56-day double-blind study with random assignment to initial treatment A or B: (A) zopiclone 7.5 mg p.o. nightly for 21 days followed by placebo for 7 days, and (B) placebo nightly for 21 days followed by placebo for 7 days. Heart rate, blood pressure, hand tremor and auditory evoked EEG were repeatedly measured during the withdrawal periods. No differences in any of these variables between phases were found (beta = 0.90 for mean differences of 16% between phases). Subjects slept longer (mean 28 min, p less than 0.013) on zopiclone than on placebo. Symptoms of state anxiety were greater on days 2 and 4 after discontinuing zopiclone compared to all other withdrawal days (p less than 0.0021). The mean relative increase on days 2 and 4 was 30%. Sleep depth (self-rating scale) was no deeper on drug than on placebo, but during the withdrawal phases, sleep was less deep on days 2 and 4 of withdrawal from zopiclone compared to all other withdrawal days (p less than 0.0001). Subjects were unable to identify the pattern of drug administration on withdrawal, and none reported important symptoms. Discontinuation of zopiclone (7.5 mg for 21 days) is associated with detectable increase in state anxiety and lighter sleep on days 2 and 4 of withdrawal. Quantitatively, similar changes occur with other hypnotic drugs of relatively low dependence liability. PMID- 6669633 TI - Pharmacology of hypnotics. AB - Sedative hypnotics belong to several chemical classes and thus have heterogeneous pharmacodynamic properties. Among various ways of approaches, conventional pharmacology using animal models allows one to define a common pharmacological profile. It still remains the best predictive tool of hypnotic efficacy in man. The study of discriminative properties is a useful extension of these conventional models. Electrophysiological and biochemical studies allow primarily to approach the problems of the sites and mechanisms of action, but only begin at the moment to lead to practical applications. PMID- 6669634 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of zopiclone. AB - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of a new hypnotic, zopiclone (ZD), were studied under the following conditions: (1) rats and dogs were given oral doses of the molecule, 14C-labeled either on the side chain or on the pyrrolopyrazine nucleus; (2) rats, rabbits and dogs were given increasing oral doses of the cold compound; (3) human subjects in various physiopathological situations--young and elderly healthy volunteers, patients with liver or renal impairments, nursing mothers- were given single or repeated doses, p.o. or i.v. (range 3.5-15 mg). ZD is rapidly and efficiently absorbed: its oral bioavailability was greater than 75% in all species except rats, where a first-pass effect of about 65% was recorded. Plasma protein binding is about 45%. The radioactive material rapidly diffuses from the vascular compartment, with a marked affinity for the brain. Plasma kinetics of ZD are generally well described by a two-compartment open model; in man, terminal half-life is 4-5 h; total body clearance is large (300 ml/mn), renal clearance very low (10 ml/min). The relationship between doses and concentrations, doses and urinary excretion of unchanged compound and major metabolites was linear in all species, except rabbits. The major metabolic routes involve decarboxylation affecting more than 50% of dose (rats and dogs), N demethylation and N-oxidation--more than 30% as N-desmethyl and N-oxide derivatives in urine (humans). Due to intensive metabolism, only 7-10% of the dose is recovered in urine and feces as unchanged compounds (all species). In nursing mothers, milk and plasma kinetics of ZD are similar with a milk/plasma ratio around 0.80. In human volunteers, plasma half-life of ZD increases with age, while patients with liver or renal impairments show little or no modification of pharmacokinetic parameters. PMID- 6669635 TI - Zopiclone: sleep and performance studies in healthy man. AB - Effects of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mg zopiclone on sleep and on performance the next day were studied in 6 healthy adult males aged between 21 and 33 years. The experiment was double-blind and placebo controlled. 5.0 and 10.0 mg zopiclone decreased the amount of awake activity and drowsy (stage 1) sleep over the first 6 h of sleep, but this effect was only present for the whole sleep period with the 10.0-mg dose. The duration and percentage of stage 3 sleep were increased with 7.5 mg. The 7.5- and 10.0-mg doses increased the combined duration of stages 2, 3, and 4 sleep over the first 6 h and over the whole night. The first period of rapid eye movement sleep was delayed with 7.5 mg, and with 10.0 mg the time spent in rapid eye movement sleep was reduced during the first 6 h of sleep, but not over the whole night. The number of substitutions in the digit symbol substitution test was decreased 9 h after ingestion of 7.5 and 10.0 mg, and the number of symbols copied reduced after 10.0 mg. The clinical dose range of zopiclone is likely to be up to 7.5 mg. The latter dose provides a useful hypnotic effect with minimal residual effects the next day, whilst 5.0 mg is appropriate for those involved in skilled tasks where even the most minor changes in performance during the early part of the next day must be avoided. PMID- 6669636 TI - A double-blind study to establish the residual effects of zopiclone on performance in healthy volunteers. AB - A double-blind study was designed to establish the residual effects of zopiclone on performance in healthy volunteers. 10 healthy male volunteers aged 22-45 years (mean age 27.4 years) were included in this study. 6 of the volunteers were cigar/cigarette smokers and were asked to smoke as little as possible on the study days. The subjects were randomly allocated to a balanced design in which each subject received single oral doses of placebo, 2.5-, 5-, 7.5- and 10-mg tablets of zopiclone under double-blind conditions. A battery of tests were performed 10 and 13 h after overnight ingestion of the drug. The tests comprised: EEG, auditory reaction time, tapping rate, digit symbol substitution test, symbol copying test, mood rating scales, side effects rating scales, and subjective assessments of sleep and performance. Zopiclone is shown to have useful hypnotic properties but residual effects are detectable using EEG and psychological tests both 10 and 13 h after ingestion. The 10-mg dose significantly impairs performance the next day; the 5-mg dose is almost devoid of residual psychomotor effects but is only marginally effective in hastening onset of sleep and does not improve sleep quality. The 7.5-mg dose has definite effects on sleep and limited residual effects the next day. No significant side effects were reported. In this study, using single doses in healthy subjects, the best balance between wanted hypnotic effects and unwanted residual effects the next day was provided by the 7.5-mg dose of zopiclone. It is recommended that further studies with repeated doses in healthy volunteer subjects and in insomniac patients use the 7.5-mg dose as the reference point. PMID- 6669637 TI - Phototoxic effects of four psoralens on L1210 cells. The correlation with DNA interstrand cross-linking. PMID- 6669638 TI - Photochemical damage to DNA treated with chlorpromazine and near UV radiation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. PMID- 6669639 TI - Changes in serum and tissue fibronectin during ontogeny. AB - It has been proved that both in bovine and rat serum fibronectin concentration increases with age. While in foetal bovine the serum fibronectin concentration was 77 +/- 5 micrograms/ml, in adult cows the concentration of this protein reached 150.0 +/- 5.5 micrograms/ml. In newborn rats, the corresponding fibronectin concentration in the serum was 227 +/- 25 micrograms/ml as compared to 455 +/- 47 micrograms/ml in adult individuals. On the contrary, a drop in fibronectin concentration was found in the bovine glomerular basement membrane: fibronectin represents 3.8 +/- 0.6% of total protein in the newborn, while in animals older than two months this protein was not detectable. Accordingly, in newborn rats fibronectin represents 5.1 +/- 0.6% of total protein in the glomerular basement membrane and drops dramatically to 0.4 +/- 0.1% after one year of life with no detectable changes thereafter. In the alveolar basement membrane the changes are similar as in the glomerular basement membrane. While in newborn rats this protein represents 13.2 +/- 0.5% of total basement membrane protein, it drops to 3.2 +/- 0.3% after two years of life. PMID- 6669640 TI - Haemodynamics of erection in man. PMID- 6669641 TI - Effect of exogenous histone on the blood flow in the organs of seven-day-old chick embryos. PMID- 6669642 TI - Skin irritant and tumor promoting diterpene esters of the tigliane type from the Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum). PMID- 6669643 TI - Assay method for antihepatotoxic activity using carbon tetrachloride induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured hepatocytes. PMID- 6669644 TI - Effects of hippadine, an Amaryllidaceae alkaloid, on testicular function in rats. PMID- 6669645 TI - [Anti-inflammatory activity of extracts of Crassocephalum multicorymbosum]. PMID- 6669647 TI - [Encephalomyelitis syndrome in the cerebrospinal fluid in correlation to disease course criteria in multiple sclerosis]. AB - Basing on a classification of the dynamic forms of multiple sclerosis according to prognostic-social aspects and in view to different degrees of defect the incidence of the five possible syndromes of cerebrospinal fluid were subjected to a correlation in 345 cases. In moderate till severe grades of neurologic disturbances and courses of illness an immunoreactive syndrome of cerebrospinal fluid - typically complete to incomplete - was doing found (in ca 40%). The slighter forms of the disease predominantly presented the whole spectrum of possible findings of cerebrospinal fluid; in it the syndromes with unimportant deviations were prevailing. In the course of multiple sclerosis alterations in the constellation of cerebrospinal fluid in manner of a retrograde tendency were scarcely noted. An increase of pathologic parameters in cerebrospinal fluid did rather show the slighter forms, in the severe progredient courses the syndromes turned out to be comparatively constant. PMID- 6669646 TI - [Development of psychological EEG research]. AB - A historical reminiscence is given followed by a description of development tendencies, problems and aims of psychological EEG research. It is necessary to pay attention on methodical and methodological problems of psychological EEG research. Methodical questions concerning the registration of psychic variables and the EEG analysis are discussed. The results of examinations carried out by the authors explain the practical importance of psychological EEG research. PMID- 6669648 TI - [Theta rhythms and positive bioccipital waves in the EEG during sleep]. AB - Bioccipital theta rhythm and positive occipital sharp waves during sleep were observed in 46 of 192 neurologic patients. The age ranged of the patients between 15-54. The percentual incidence of this pattern (about 24%) was independent on the age. There was found a striking female preponderance in the young age group. The major symptom associated with this wave form were epileptic seizures (43%) and normocalcemic tetany (39%). 49% of patients had this EEG pattern as their single abnormality. In addition to this pattern 40% of them had also non-specific EEG abnormalities and 11% epileptic activity in their EEGs. No specific etiological factor was found in our patients. PMID- 6669649 TI - [Auditive analysis (a new method in group psychotherapy research]. AB - The principle of auditive analysis is that the type and degree of different emotional states expressed in the voices of the mentally ill are analyzed as accurately as possible. Patients receiving group centred non-directive treatment were examined by this method and the results were compared with those obtained by sociometric tests. It was found that patients, and also psychotherapists, with high standards of auditive ability were accepted into the group and were popular, whereas persons with poor auditive ability were rejected by the group. Experiments with the same method in the GDR yielded the same results as in the USSR. The application of this method as a means of checking the success of training in group centres non-directive therapy is being considered. PMID- 6669650 TI - [How stable are borderline diagnoses?]. AB - Borderline diagnostic terms are still being routinely and rather unreliably made in many centers. In the present sample of probands with various borderline states other diagnoses from the entire spectrum of psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia, were also found. Thus, in those cases with multiple admissions, a borderline diagnosis demonstrated only little stability over time. There was a strong tendency for borderline cases towards a diagnosis of schizophrenia and vice versa. Indeed, probands, with both borderline and schizophrenic diagnoses had no clear-cut course characteristics. It is suggested that the criteria of DSM III for borderline personality disturbance be provisionally used for research purposes. PMID- 6669651 TI - [Occupational stress experience and personality development in middle age]. AB - The relationship between performance and other personality characters was investigated with regard to the vocational stress experienced by neuropsychiatric patients and normal control subjects of the same age and educational standards. Emotional lability is of outstanding importance in connection with the experience of vocational stress. In neuropsychiatric patients, concentration and memory, both of which are often assumed to deteriorate with increasing age, depend not on age but rather on the degree of depressive disturbances, inhibitions and other personality characters. PMID- 6669652 TI - [Diagnosis of asocial, aggressive behavior--experiences with Petermann and Petermann's "EAS"]. AB - This article describes the testing and first application under standardized conditions of Petermann and Petermann's psychometric test for assessing aggressive social behaviour in specific situations among children aged 9 to 11 years in the GDR. Experience gained in using the test is reported, and orientational scores are given as a first step towards restandardization for this age span. The possibility of standardizing the test for application in the GDR is discussed, and proposals are made to broaden the test (especially by the development of an appropriate scoring scale). The connections between the scores and a few other important test variables are discussed, and the author shows clearly that the results of the test and the answers given depend on the "tendency to social desirability". PMID- 6669653 TI - [Value of MS associated factors for test procedures in multiple sclerosis: 1. Carp's MS associated agent in the serum]. AB - The determination of multiple sclerosis-associated factors in serum is grounded on the conception that there exist virus-like particles with a special predicative value for diagnosis. A test system, elaborated by Carp, is basing on the reduction of neutrophilic granulocytes in peripheral blood of mice by a MS associated agent (MSAA) of serum, cerebrospinal fluid, brain and other organs of MS-patients. Several groups and the present investigators did not always receive constantly positive findings in applying this method. The cause may be the variation of results characteristic for such biological test systems. As well as for some other methods discussed (e.g. the rosette test with measles-infected epithelial cells or the determination of anomalous cells in bone marrow of MS patients) the procedure shows an only confined valence, not absolutely specific for the disease in the diagnostical relevant case. PMID- 6669654 TI - [Electroencephalogram in standardized mental stress: variable trends in the theta, alpha and beta band]. AB - The results, gained in previous studies by means of computer-assisted interval analysis and amplitude analysis, of power spectra as well as of visuomanual pattern evaluation of the EEG during standardized mental load, were related to each other. Described are the significantly requirement-dependent trends of data in there three frequency bands. Under consideration of methodological rules (complementarity, non-reactive measuring, multivariate representation, balanced change-over design, multidimensional data analysis etc.) a characterization of the EEG functional test (graded cognitive strain, eyes opened) is given. PMID- 6669655 TI - [Periods and amplitude distribution parameters of the EEG in mental stress--on the concordance of mechanical and visuomanual methods of evaluation]. AB - Mean frequency, % index and mean amplitudes in 3 frequency bands served as basis for a dynamic comparison of manual and computer assisted EEG analyses in healthy adults. In spite of inevitable methodical deviations it was possible to assume quite a good concordance for the significant data trends with but one exception. Among others the mean frequencies proved to be predicative variables in the EEG functional test with eyes opened. The satisfactory result provides arguments for a greater involvement of automated methods for quantitative description of the EEG activity in clinical practice. PMID- 6669656 TI - Postgraduate training of psychiatric personnel. PMID- 6669657 TI - [Effect of neuroleptics on the changes in interphase potential and acetylcholinesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.7) activity in the blood of children with schizophrenic psychoses]. PMID- 6669659 TI - [Characteristics of physiological processes in patients with depression of various etiologies]. PMID- 6669658 TI - [Catamnestic evaluation of the effectiveness of atropine coma]. PMID- 6669660 TI - [Deterioration in schizophrenia in repeatedly hospitalized patients]. PMID- 6669661 TI - [Age and time disorientation in patients with schizophrenia hospitalized for a long time]. PMID- 6669662 TI - [Effect of amitriptyline on the activity of enzymes participating in biogenic amine metabolism in patients with affective disorders]. PMID- 6669663 TI - [Interest in specialization in psychiatry among undergraduate students at the Lublin Medical Academy]. PMID- 6669664 TI - [Transsexualism and somatic sex]. PMID- 6669665 TI - [Psychoanalytic theory of object attachment]. PMID- 6669666 TI - [Status epilepticus as a complication of fluphenazine treatment]. PMID- 6669667 TI - Multidimensional assessment of locus of control and obesity. PMID- 6669668 TI - Norming cautions for use of the Jesness Inventory with female delinquents. PMID- 6669669 TI - College shoplifters: rebuttal of Beck and McIntyre. PMID- 6669670 TI - Intelligence and learning of learning disabled adolescents under three conditions. PMID- 6669671 TI - "Floating" MMPI profiles and DSM-III diagnoses. PMID- 6669672 TI - Factor structure of a clients' satisfaction scale with psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 6669673 TI - The Work Environment Scale: baseline data for dental schools. PMID- 6669674 TI - Identification of random responders on the MMPI: an acturial approach. PMID- 6669675 TI - Relationships among social perception, social skill, and social anxiety of psychiatric patients. PMID- 6669676 TI - Diagnosing homosexuality in a state department of mental health. PMID- 6669677 TI - Job involvement as obsession-compulsion: some preliminary empirical findings. PMID- 6669678 TI - Stress in lower and upper echelon staff. PMID- 6669679 TI - The Tennessee Self-concept Scale: a revisit. PMID- 6669680 TI - Some preliminary findings on new MAACL scales. PMID- 6669681 TI - Foster mothers: are they unique? PMID- 6669682 TI - Psychosocial antecedents of narcissistic personality syndrome. PMID- 6669683 TI - State anxiety: 120 days in the life of a very anxious man. PMID- 6669684 TI - A study of aging, intelligence and problem solving. PMID- 6669685 TI - Self-monitoring in reducing children's excessive television viewing. PMID- 6669686 TI - Methodological adaptations in assertiveness training programs designed for the blind. PMID- 6669687 TI - [Resorption of 59Fe and 58Co-vitamin B12 by whole-body radiometry in the radiotherapy of uterine cancer]. PMID- 6669688 TI - [Computer tomography in topometric irradiation planning in prostate cancer]. PMID- 6669690 TI - [Image reproduction in medical scintigraphy]. PMID- 6669689 TI - [Relative biological effect of radiation-induced double-stranded DNA breaks]. PMID- 6669691 TI - [Significance of computer tomography in the diagnosis of bone diseases]. PMID- 6669692 TI - [Results of CT diagnosis in intrasellar tumors]. PMID- 6669693 TI - [Computer tomography in pathologic soft tissue processes]. PMID- 6669694 TI - [Computer tomography following liver surgery]. PMID- 6669695 TI - The usefullness of CT in the assessment of the resolution of the hematoma due to translumbar aortography. PMID- 6669696 TI - [Peculiarities of clinico-roentgenologic manifestations of central bronchial carcinoma of the upper lobe of the lung]. PMID- 6669697 TI - [Methodologic procedure for early roentgen diagnosis of pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 6669698 TI - [Experience with the use of electroroentgenography in the evaluation of the large intestine]. PMID- 6669699 TI - [Liquid crystal thermography of the hands in comparison to roentgen diagnosis, clinical aspects and capillary microscopy in arthritis psoriatica]. PMID- 6669700 TI - Radiological evidence of initial changes in the sacroiliacal joint in an ankylosing spondylarthritis. PMID- 6669701 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of laterobasal skull fractures]. PMID- 6669702 TI - [Function control of roentgen diagnostic generators]. PMID- 6669703 TI - [Radiation exposure of the eye of the patient in carotid angiography]. PMID- 6669704 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of mucosal cysts of the maxillary sinus]. AB - The most common cystic lesion of the maxillary sinuses is the mucosal cyst. In reviewing a 5-years material of 5026 pathological X-ray examinations of the sinuses 12.2% of these were found to have mucosal cysts. These cysts usually do not give rise to symptoms and require no treatment, but are often erroneously diagnosed as polyps, compact maxillary sinuses, hypertrophy of the lining mucosa or tumors. As radiologic examination of the sinuses is a common procedure and the diagnosis of a mucosal cyst is possible other diagnoses may not be given in most cases. PMID- 6669705 TI - [The value of computerized tomography for the diagnosis of diabetic osteoarthropathy]. AB - The diagnostic possibilities of computed tomography as compared to conventional radiology are presented. Morphological changes, which can be identified by normal x-rays, can be shown by computed tomography without any disturbing overshadowing. The computed tomography is showing especially well necrotic lesions, pathological fractures, and joint changes. The high resolution of computed tomography reveals good visibility of the adjacent soft tissues and para-articular structures. As computed tomography gives additional and important informations, it should be used for solution of diagnostic problems in diabetic osteoarthropathy. PMID- 6669706 TI - [Pharmacologic effects of contrast media in angio-densitometry]. AB - Angio-densitometry is a very sensitive method in the evaluation of vascular effects of a contrast medium. For that purpose the renal circulation is especially suitable. The method is based on the zero or subtraction method. Thus, the majority of the well known interference sources will not be recorded. Only changes of density caused by the passing blood are measured. Four different contrast media are compared. Their effects on the circulation cannot be predicted from a single measurement. The mean value of several measurements limits the scattering range and allows comparisons to be made. Accordingly there are some differences between the examined conventional contrast media and their influence upon the kidney circulation. They all slow down the blood velocity in the renal artery, but the extent is different. The causes responsible for the circulatory effects of the contrast media are discussed on the basis of current scientific knowledge. In addition the results of 144 angio-densitometric studies are reported. The analysis of the pharmacological effect of meglumine iothalamate (Conray 60) revealed only an unimportant influence upon the renal circulation. PMID- 6669707 TI - [Calcification in the upper anterior mediastinum]. PMID- 6669708 TI - Development of human brainstem auditory evoked potentials and gender differences from infants to young adults. PMID- 6669709 TI - Dietary control and the stomach. AB - Signals for meal termination are traced to the stomach rather than duodenum or mouth when rats eat familiar food. Two types of signal occur, one measuring amount of nutrient independent of volume or dilution, the other gastric distention. The signals concerning the second ascend the vagus. Nutrient content is measured by some product of the digestive breakdown of the nutrient. The nutrient signals have to be calibrated through a process of learning. The gastric signals generated by food with a novel flavor are disregarded and oropharyngeal cues assume control instead. Finally, evidence against the role of cholecystokinin and bombesin in satiety is presented. PMID- 6669710 TI - Partial characterization of the gastrointestinal weight changes produced in the female rat by 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2. AB - Oral and subcutaneous administration of 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 (16,16 dimethyl PGE2) resulted in an increase in the dry weight of the stomach and small intestine of the female rat. This weight response was rapid, controlled rather than continuously progressing, dose dependent and reversible. The dry weight of the colon also increased but this was not studied in detail. Two-day treatment with 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 caused an increase in the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the duodenum, jejunum and colon suggesting an increase in cell number. Incorporation into the stomach and ileum was not changed. The number of goblet cells per crypt was increased by prostaglandin treatment in all parts of the small intestine. Since these are mucus producing cells, the small intestine may have increased in cell number and mucus production. Both anti-secretory and cytoprotective doses of 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 caused weight increases in the stomach and small intestine. However, the weight gain by itself was not sufficient to protect the stomach or small intestine from necrotic agents after the prostaglandin was discontinued. PMID- 6669711 TI - An improved method for separation of thromboxane B2 by reversed phase liquid chromatography. AB - Column efficiency for thromboxane B2 (TXB2) is 10 times lower than for prostaglandins when chromatographed on octadecyl-silica columns. We described the use of a new non-silica reversed phase support which brings the column efficiency for TXB2 in the range of the prostaglandins. PMID- 6669712 TI - [Concepts of heredity in simple psoriasis based on personal studies. I. Simple model - one or two loci]. PMID- 6669713 TI - [Atopic dermatitis. II. Humoral immunity]. PMID- 6669714 TI - [Cytostructure of peripheral nervous system neurocytes after freezing of the skin with liquid nitrogen]. PMID- 6669715 TI - [Side effects of the long-term treatment of skin diseases with corticosteroids]. PMID- 6669716 TI - [Food allergy in skin diseases]. PMID- 6669717 TI - [Atopic dermatitis. IV. Granulocyte chemotaxis]. PMID- 6669718 TI - [Atopic dermatitis. V. Monocyte chemotaxis]. PMID- 6669719 TI - [Chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear granulocytes in patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 6669720 TI - [Vaginal biocenosis in pregnant women]. PMID- 6669722 TI - [Relation between the electric resistance of the skin and applied voltage]. PMID- 6669721 TI - [Atypical forms of dermatomycoses among cases seen at the Dermatological Clinic, Medical Academy, in Gdansk]. PMID- 6669723 TI - [Analysis of the incidence of early syphilis in the province of Bialystok 1975 1982]. PMID- 6669724 TI - [Epidemiology of Epidermophyton floccosum infection based on the statistical material of the mycological laboratory of the hospital outpatient clinic for the militia in Poznan]. PMID- 6669725 TI - [2 outbreaks of mycosis of the groin in training camps]. PMID- 6669726 TI - [Quincke's edema caused by food and respiratory hypersensitivity to fish]. PMID- 6669727 TI - [Case of tinea barbae profunda caused by Microsporum nanum]. PMID- 6669729 TI - [The most important practical problems and basic needs of Polish veterinary dermatology]. PMID- 6669728 TI - [Case of asymptomatic gonorrhea in a male detected during routine preventive examinations in a sobering-up station]. PMID- 6669730 TI - [Temporary changes in acute respiratory symptoms depending on allergens and atmospheric air pollution]. PMID- 6669731 TI - [Beta-glucuronidase of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus in relation to pharmacological treatment]. PMID- 6669732 TI - [Primary hyperlipoproteinemia from its clinical and laboratory aspects. V. Evaluation of circulatory hemodynamics based on the measurements of systolic time intervals and the physical analysis of blood circulation]. PMID- 6669733 TI - [Primary hyperlipoproteinemia from its clinical and laboratory aspects. VI. Evaluation of arterial elasticity based on the physical analysis of blood circulation]. PMID- 6669734 TI - [Prevention of ischemic heart disease. Report of the World Health Organization Expert Committee]. PMID- 6669735 TI - [Problems concerning the use of antibiotics]. PMID- 6669736 TI - [Is it possible to avoid undesirable, harmful side effects in the use of antibacterial antibiotics?]. PMID- 6669737 TI - Characterisation of bombesin-like immunoreactivity in human fetal lung. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for bombesin-like immunoreactivity (BLI) was developed and utilised in conjunction with G50 gel chromatography and reverse phase HPLC, to study the content and molecular characteristics of bombesin-like peptides in acid extracts of human fetal lung. The antiserum, (B5), is directed towards the C-terminal region of the bombesin molecule and cross-reacts 70% with synthetic porcine GRP and the synthetic GRP fragment, GRP (14-27). Specimens of lung were collected from fetuses of gestational ages 15-22 weeks, following prostaglandin termination of pregnancy. The tissue was extracted into 0.1 N HCl at 90 degrees C. The mean BLI content was 50.2 pg/mg wet weight of tissue (range 15.5-136 pg/mg; n = 13). No correlation between gestational age and BLI content could be established. G50 gel chromatography of acid extracts, under dissociating conditions, revealed two peaks of BLI, one in the position of synthetic porcine GRP and the second, constituting greater than 90% of the immunoreactivity, eluting with synthetic amphibian bombesin. Reverse-phase ODS silica HPLC of this major G50 peak, utilising a methanol/trifluoroacetic acid gradient, indicated that this peptide was similar to the GRP C-terminal fragment, GRP (14-27). We have therefore (1) confirmed the presence and heterogeneity of BLI in human fetal lung, and (2) shown, for the first time, that the majority of this BLI more closely resembles a fragment of GRP than amphibian bombesin itself. PMID- 6669738 TI - The N-terminal tridecapeptide fragment of gastrin-17 inhibits gastric acid secretion. AB - After a meal the serum concentrations of the N-terminal tridecapeptide-like fragment of gastrin-17, (1-13)G-17, increased markedly in patients with active duodenal ulcer, but less so in healthy subjects. Consequently the synthetic (1 13)G-17 was infused intravenously in doses that resulted in concentrations similar to those measured in duodenal ulcer patients in order to examine whether the N-terminal fragment influences gastric acid secretion. Doses of 125 and 400 pmol (1-13)G-17/kg per h inhibited the meal-stimulated acid secretion by 36% (P less than 0.05) and 66% (P less than 0.05) respectively. The release of endogenous C-terminal gastrin immunoreactivity was not influenced. The infusion of (1-13)G-17 also inhibited the acid response to exogenous gastrin-34, gastrin 17 and Peptavlon, but not to gastrin-4. The results suggest that the N-terminal gastrin-17 fragment--although devoid of the hitherto considered only active site of gastrin--plays a significant role in the regulation of the gastric acid secretion in patients with active duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6669739 TI - [Direct radiographic magnification: a contribution to the study of bone pathology]. AB - Direct magnification radiography was evaluated on 46 patients with skeletal disorders. The equipment employed was based on a microfocus tube and it gave a magnification factor of 3 X. This technique was judged to be more useful than standard X-ray films in 35/46 cases (76%). The size of the part examined played an important role in the effectiveness of this technique, since the most useful and impressive results were obtained in thin anatomic sites, like the extremities. The highest value of direct magnification radiography was found to be in uraemic osteodistrophy, in particular for the study of the hands. This technique appeared to be very useful also in bone tumours, since it allowed a detailed evaluation of the trabecular structure and of the cortical outline. PMID- 6669740 TI - [Place of radiology in giant cell tumors of the bone]. AB - The authors present 60 cases of histologically confirmed giant cell tumor classified by a radiological grading as quiet, active and aggressive form. On the basis of our acquired experience and mainly from the follow-up films, all the pertinent radiological findings are analysed either for a more correct therapeutic guidance or for an adequate post-operative follow-up (favourable evolution, definitive recovery, local relapse, malignant degeneration). PMID- 6669741 TI - [The hand of the patient under periodic hemodialysis treatment. Comparative radiographic and xeroradiographic aspects]. AB - Renal osteodystrophy is the skeletal response to long-standing chronic renal disease. The radiographic features include hyperparathyroidism (osteitis fibrosa cystica), rickets or osteomalacia, osteoporosis, osteosclerosis and soft tissue and vascular calcifications. Many investigators have verified that changes in the phalanges of the hand are the most sensitive indicator of renal osteodystrophy, especially subperiosteal bone resorption. The hands of 50 chronic dialysis patients were evaluated for at least one year for tuftal resorption (acro osteolysis), subperiosteal and intracortical bone resorption, and periosteal new bone formation (periosteal neostosis), using fine detail radiography and optical magnification. At last control, only in a group of 17 subjects (34%), xeroradiography of the hand was also performed. Results indicate the importance of the use of fine detail radiography in the early diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy and that serial radiography of the hand is a proper method of evaluating progressive bone resorption. In addition, a significant difference (p less than 0.05) is demonstrated between xeroradiography and radiography to evaluate periosteal neostosis. PMID- 6669742 TI - [Real-time high-resolution echotomography and oral cholecystography in the study of hyperplastic cholecystosis]. AB - A series of 305 patients underwent both cholecystosonography and oral cholecystography. Ultrasounds showed a higher diagnostic accuracy in the diffuse and localized cholesteroloses. Oral cholecystography is still reliable in the diagnosis of adenomyomatosis, especially of the fundus. As present diagnostic and therapeutical indications are nonhomogeneous, early sonographic visualization and follow-up of small cholesterol polyps are valuable for understanding the development of the disease and its clinical and prognostic significance. PMID- 6669744 TI - [Borderline between the normal and the pathological in the radiological diagnosis of the posterior male urethra and female urethra in childhood]. AB - The authors, with the support of a large case report, point out several varieties of the standard urethrography of a normal urethra and the correlations between macroscopic anatomy, radiologic anatomy and physiology. They stress the importance of a good knowledge of the urethral anatomy and of the urethrographic physiology in order to avoid considering as pathologic a really normal radiologic finding. PMID- 6669743 TI - [Echography in patients with clinically suspected pancreatic carcinoma. Analysis of a prospective study]. AB - Cancer of the pancreas is the fourth cause of death for tumor in USA; ultrasound has been shown a sensitive and specific technique in detection of this condition. We have prospectively studied with ultrasound 76 patients with clinical suspicion of cancer of the pancreas. Forty of these patients had carcinoma of the pancreas (histologically proved) and in the other 36 patients the cancer was clinically and/or surgically excluded. Sensitivity of ultrasound was 100%; specificity was 73%. The great part of our false-positive results were patients in which ultrasound detected a modification in the head of the pancreas and in which we couldn't have a biopsy from surgeons. The role of ultrasound scanning as first procedure to use in patients with clinical suspicion of carcinoma of the pancreas is confermed. PMID- 6669745 TI - [Percutaneous pulmonary needle biopsy using thin-needle aspiration. Experience with 302 patients]. AB - Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of the lung was performed in 302 patients, following the method of examination and the criteria of patient selection already reported in the literature. A fine (22-gauge) needle was always employed, each patient receiving an average of two needle placements. Sensitivity was 88.4%; the false negatives being mainly related to the aspiration of inadequate material. Specificity was 96.9% and overall accuracy 89.4%. A histological diagnosis was obtained in 84% of the primary neoplasms. Adverse reactions were observed in 9.6% of the patients; the most frequent complication was pneumothorax which required treatment in two cases. The usefulness of the method in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules is emphasized. PMID- 6669746 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma]. PMID- 6669748 TI - Digenetic trematodes of percoid fishes of Florianopolis, southern Brazil- Acanthocolpidae. PMID- 6669747 TI - [Reliability of the radiologic study in the diagnosis of cancer of the esophagus]. PMID- 6669749 TI - Digenetic trematodes of percoid fishes of Florianopolis, southern Brazil- Homalometridae, Lepocreadiidae, and Opecoelidae, with the description of seven new species. PMID- 6669750 TI - Digenetic trematodes of percoid fishes of Florianopolis, southern Brazil- Pleorchiidae, Didymozoidae, and Hemiuridae, with the description of three new species. PMID- 6669751 TI - [Multiple myeloma. Clinical review of 56 cases]. PMID- 6669752 TI - [Use of glycosylated hemoglobin as a prognostic indicator in amputations in the diabetic patient]. PMID- 6669753 TI - [Regenerative nodular hyperplasia. Report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6669754 TI - [Quantification of the trypsin-inhibiting capacity in the serum of animals with experimental cancer]. PMID- 6669755 TI - [Osteopetrosis or Albers-Schonberg disease. Presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 6669756 TI - [Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small intestine and immunodeficiency]. PMID- 6669757 TI - [Endocrine effects of alcohol]. PMID- 6669758 TI - [Incidence of chronic hepatitis in alcoholic patients]. PMID- 6669759 TI - [Osteopoikilosis. Review of 6 cases]. PMID- 6669760 TI - [Soluble proteins in the sputum of patients with bronchiectases and chronic air flow restriction]. PMID- 6669761 TI - [Hepatic dysfunction and hyperfibrinogenemia in renal adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 6669762 TI - [Serum ferritin in hemodialysis. Comparative study of the radioimmunologic and immunoenzymatic methods]. PMID- 6669763 TI - [Hereditary genital lymphedema of the Milroy-None type]. PMID- 6669765 TI - [Mesenteric panniculitis]. PMID- 6669764 TI - [Hypertriglyceridemia in patients on hemodialysis. Changes with various therapeutic regimens]. PMID- 6669766 TI - [Associated lesions in the cauda equina syndrome caused by disk herniation]. PMID- 6669767 TI - [Werner's syndrome. Presentation of a new case]. PMID- 6669768 TI - Recent scientific knowledge concerning breastfeeding. PMID- 6669770 TI - The effect of death certification and coding practices on observed differences in respiratory disease mortality in 8 E.E.C. countries. AB - National differences in respiratory disease mortality have been observed in eight member countries of the European Economic Community (E.E.C.). To investigate the extent to which death certification and coding practices explain such differences, a representative sample of certifying doctors in each country was asked to complete specimen death certificates for a bank of ten written case histories. The certificates from each country were coded firstly by their own offices and subsequently by the W.H.O. Reference Centre in the U.K. Large within- and between-country differences in the coded causes of death were found. Some of these differences were due to variations in the ways doctors certify deaths, others to the way certificates are coded in each country. These discrepancies explain part of the between-country differences in mortality in some disease categories. Comparisons of mortality statistics for respiratory diseases between different countries should therefore be viewed with caution. There is a need for further standardisation of death certification and coding practices in the E.E.C. PMID- 6669769 TI - [Effect of socio-occupational category on iterative hemodialysis treatment of advanced chronic renal insufficiency. Results of the DIAPHANE computerized Dialysis Registry cooperative program]. AB - The hypothesis that inequalities may be observed between patients of different socio-professional categories (S.P.C.) was assessed in a group of 1267 men treated by chronic haemodialysis (C.H.) in 34 dialysis centers throughout France and followed up in the computerized DIAPHANE Dialysis Registry. The percentages of manual workers and farmers were found lower than those calculated on the whole active french population. In contrast, the percentages of senior executives and patient with liberal professions were higher. Primary renal disease was detected sooner in patient of the higher S.P.C. than in other groups. Patients of the higher S.P.C. were more frequently treated in university or in private hospitals than in general hospitals. They were more likely on evening or night dialysis schedules than on daylight schedules; they more frequently received hypotensive drugs, vitamin D, calcium, iron, prescriptions of blood transfusions than patients of the lower categories. Survival rates were not correlated with the S.P.C., but the rehabilitation rate, expressed as the percentage of part or full time employments, was greater in patients of the higher S.P.C. Results indicate that, in patients treated by chronic haemodialysis, inequalities in favor of the patients of the higher socio-economic categories are observed and that these inequalities concern both the access and the delivery of care. PMID- 6669771 TI - [Accidents involving children and adolescents: from epidemiological findings to preventive action]. AB - It is generally accepted that improving epidemiological knowledge of accidents in childhood and adolescence leads to a better implementation of more efficient prevention programs. Nevertheless, it is not yet generally admitted that any new preventive measure addressing these accidents has to be evaluated by competent epidemiologists. Obviously, there are exceptions regarding these two rules. Four examples of successful implementation are presented in this paper: safety packaging of aspirin; fences around private swimming pools; changes in minimal drinking and driving age in adolescence; bicycle accidents. The discussion is focused on four intervention levels suggested for the epidemiologists. PMID- 6669772 TI - [Can arboviruses from seabird colonies in Brittany infect man?]. AB - Four tick-borne arboviruses circulate heavily and permanently among the seabirds colonies located along the coasts of Brittany: Soldado, Zaliv Terpeniya, Avalon and a member of Tyuleniy subgroup of flaviviruses. In order to appreciate the ability of these viruses to infect man, the authors studied for antibodies the sera of farmers living in South-Finistere, in the vicinity of Cape Sizun seabirds reserve. Antibodies were actually found on 14 of 474 farmers, or 3.0 per cent, substantiating the reality of infection by these agents. The possible mechanisms of the contamination and the eventual pathologic results of these viral infections are discussed. PMID- 6669773 TI - [Incidence of and indications for cesarean sections in the Quebec, Canada region 1973 and 1979]. AB - This study describes the frequency of cesarean sections and their indications in eleven hospitals located in the Quebec City area, in 1973 and 1979. Information on cesarean sections was abstracted from hospital records. Birth certificates provide the information on all deliveries. From 1973 to 1979, the cesarean delivery rate increased from 7.9 to 13.6 per 100 deliveries. Repeat cesarean sections account for 40.4% of this increase, while primary cesarean sections for dystocia, breech presentation and fetal distress explain respectively 21.1%, 21.1% and 12.3% of the rise. Prolonged labour, prolonged rupture of membranes, general anesthesia and pre-term repeat cesarean section were observed less frequently among cesarean sections in 1979. Moreover, Apgar scores were higher in 1979 than in 1973. PMID- 6669775 TI - [Evolution of cesarean-section rate in France (1972-1981)]. PMID- 6669774 TI - [Retirement, psychological well-being and health: longitudinal study of a population of Parisian executives]. AB - A longitudinal study was carried out on a sample of 155 french male managers in order to test the hypothesis that retirement has negative effects on health and life satisfaction in upper white-collar workers. At wave 1 (in 1976) of the study, these 155 managers were all working full time. At wave 2 (in 1979), 105 were retired and 50 were still working full time. Results from the comparison of these two groups do not support this hypothesis. On the other hand, the data suggest that some psychological factors assessed at wave 1 are, independently of retirement, significantly related to changes occurred in health and life satisfaction between the two waves of the study. PMID- 6669776 TI - Present and past alcohol consumption in Calvados (France) PMID- 6669777 TI - [Changes in the response to catecholamines induced by droperidol in the atria]. PMID- 6669778 TI - [Ventilation and oxygenation in severe tetanic processes]. PMID- 6669779 TI - [Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Immediate survival]. PMID- 6669780 TI - [Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Long-term survival]. PMID- 6669781 TI - [Endomyocardial biopsy]. PMID- 6669782 TI - [Cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation in the elderly]. PMID- 6669783 TI - [Determination of the volume of the right ventricle: comparison of different methods. Correlation in one group with those found for the left ventricle]. PMID- 6669784 TI - [Estimate of the size of acute myocardial infarct by creatine kinase and cardiac gammagraphy with PyP-Sn-Tc99m. Study of their correlations and of the usefulness of a single determination of creatine kinase 20 hours later]. PMID- 6669785 TI - [Variations of right ventricular pressure in isolated right ventricular infarct isolated and with anterior septal and left posterior septoparietal extension. Experimental study]. PMID- 6669786 TI - [Electrophysiology of complete intra-His auriculoventricular block. Importance of overload tests of the conduction system]. PMID- 6669788 TI - [Echocardiographic study in amyloidosis and idiopathic hemochromatosis]. PMID- 6669787 TI - [Incidence of ventricular fibrillation in coronary arteriography. Importance of the type and temperature of the radiologic contrast medium]. PMID- 6669789 TI - [Myocardiopathy caused by iron storage. Hemodynamic pattern]. PMID- 6669790 TI - [Primary hemochromatosis with cardiac failure as the first clinical manifestation. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6669791 TI - [Aortic aneurysm in childhood]. PMID- 6669792 TI - [Aortic pseudoaneurysm in the newborn infant as a cause of pulmonary edema. A complication of the catheterization of the umbilical artery]. PMID- 6669793 TI - [Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. Diagnosis using contrast echocardiography and advantages of the real-time bidimensional technic]. PMID- 6669794 TI - [Myocardial infarct caused by probable coronary spasm. Report of a case in a young adult]. PMID- 6669795 TI - [Segmental contractility of the right ventricle in ischemic heart disease. Refutation]. PMID- 6669796 TI - [Sustained-action oral theophylline in the asthmatic child. Clinical, pharmacokinetic and respiratory function studies]. AB - Twenty children aged between 5 and 16 suffering from severe asthma were treated with long acting oral theophylline. The minimum duration of treatment was three months and the maximum 12 months. Clinical, pharmacokinetic and pulmonary function studies were made. With a mean dose of 8.75 mg/kg, morning and evening, the theophylline blood levels on the 4th day of treatment (4 hours after the morning dose) were 12.3 +/- 4.36 mg/l. Those taken 4 hours after the evening dose 9.41 +/- 3.75 mg/l, suggesting a circadian rhythm for theophylline blood levels. The importance if fever is stressed in relationship to blood levels, which were increased by 67-100% with fevers of 38.5-39 degrees C. Treatment was very beneficial in 53% of cases. Respiratory function studies were performed in 13 children. After 4 days of treatment there was a significant decrease in airflow obstruction and hypoxemia However, despite carefully adjusted treatment, functional disturbances persisted, in particular hyperinflation. PMID- 6669797 TI - [Value of determining plasma INH during antitubercular treatment. Retrospective analysis of 204 cases]. AB - The acetylator phenotype of 204 tuberculous patients was assessed (152 men and 52 women aged between 15 and 90). The INH dose was adjusted according to Vivien's protocol, measuring the index of inactivation of Isoniazid I3, three hours after the oral dose. In fixing the transition zone of I3 at 0.50 the distribution between slow and rapid acetylators was 53% and 47% respectively. There was no difference for sex, age or ethnic group. The dosage used according to this protocol varied greatly, going from 1.64 mg/kg/day to 13.3 mg/kg/day with a mean value of 2.74 mg/kg/day for slow acetylators and 6.13 mg/kg/day for rapid acetylators. The usual dose advised is 5 mg/kg/day, which may lead equally to over or under treatment though the former is more likely in our experience. Adjusting the dosage is an important feature in good tolerance of the treatment: indeed only 4 of 86 subjects whose dosage has been adjusted showed elevated transaminases, whereas 34 of 118 patients had raised transaminases in the control group on a standard dose before the adjusted treatment was introduced. The difference was significant between the two groups. PMID- 6669798 TI - [Activity of intermittently administered rifampicin and cyclopentyl rifamycin (or DL473) on experimental tuberculosis in the mouse]. AB - The results of recent experiences with experimental tuberculous chemotherapy in the mouse give information on the activity of rifampicin (RMP) administered intermittently and on the activity of Cyclopentyl-Rifampicin (or DL473). The activity of RMP decreases as one spaces the treatment without increasing the dose. These observations are compatible with the known facts concerning the mechanism of action of RMP on RNA polymerase, and are unfavourable as regards the intermittent administration of RMP. Cyclopentyl-Rifampicin, a new derivative of Rifamycine SV, administered once per week, is as active as RMP administered six days per week, both in the initial as well as the continuation phase of treatment. PMID- 6669799 TI - [Treatment modalities applied to tuberculosis patients in a French department. Hautes-Pyrenees, 1973 to 1980]. AB - This study of tuberculous treatment in a French department--Les Hautes Pyrenees- was carried out on 539 patients registered on an epidemiological card index from 1973 to 1980. Isoniazid, ethambutol and rifampicin were the drugs most commonly used and were prescribed in 96% of cases by Specialists in thoracic medicine. The mean duration of treatment was a little more than 12 months for the duration of the study. A quarter of the patients were admitted to hospital and this figure did not change during the study from one year to the next although the mean length of stay fell by half between 1973 and 1980, the longest stays in hospital were for social reasons. PMID- 6669800 TI - [Permanent mechanical ventilation at home via a tracheotomy in chronic respiratory insufficiency]. AB - This study describes our experience from 1960 onwards of 222 patients suffering from terminal chronic respiratory failure; we report our results of domiciliary mechanical ventilation for 11-17 hours per day using tracheotomy. The method was easy to use at home at a reasonable cost and was far less than in a medical environment. The results were excellent both for length of survival and quality of life for all cases where respiratory failure was due to chest wall problems (neurological, muscular or restrictive syndromes due to chest deformity). The majority of cases were sequelae of polio, myopathies, kyphoscoliosis or tuberculosis. The results were less good for patients with intrinsic pulmonary disease such as chronic airflow obstruction; for this the superiority of mechanical ventilation compared to long term oxygen therapy is not proven. The results were very poor for patients suffering from bronchial dilatation. However, a positive correlation between the efficacy of the method and the duration of a normal PaO2 during a 24 hour period seemed to exist, both during periods of mechanical ventilation and weaning from the machine. PMID- 6669801 TI - [The "inhibitory threshold" in health education today]. PMID- 6669802 TI - [Physiological changes in sedentary adults undergoing a physical training program]. PMID- 6669803 TI - [Angiographic quantification of left ventricular function in chronic aortic insufficiency]. PMID- 6669804 TI - [Various endoscopic aspects of gastric ulcer]. PMID- 6669805 TI - [Computed axial tomography in the diagnosis of occlusive vascular accidents. Experience with 181 patients]. PMID- 6669806 TI - [Duodenal tumors: experience with 16 cases]. PMID- 6669808 TI - [Research and health]. PMID- 6669807 TI - [Fragile X chromosome syndrome: a chromosomal defect associated with mental retardation]. PMID- 6669809 TI - [Typhoid fever in Chile: epidemiological considerations]. PMID- 6669810 TI - [Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria induced by cold]. PMID- 6669811 TI - [Asthma, the endpoint of a continuum]. PMID- 6669812 TI - [Bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6669813 TI - [Febrile convulsions in children: their prognosis and their treatment]. PMID- 6669814 TI - [Vascular exploration using digital angiography]. PMID- 6669815 TI - [30 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Preliminary report. Study Group for Non Hodgkin's Lymphomas of the Liege University Hospital Center]. PMID- 6669816 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of echinococcosis]. PMID- 6669817 TI - [Heart valve surgery without prior heart catheterization?]. PMID- 6669818 TI - [Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans as a source of angiologic diagnostic error]. PMID- 6669819 TI - [Preventive rabies immunization--is simplification in view?]. PMID- 6669821 TI - [When is staging laparotomy indicated in Hodgkin's disease?]. PMID- 6669820 TI - [Non-invasive methods of localization in pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 6669822 TI - [Different amnesic syndromes. Semiology and anatomo-clinical correlations]. PMID- 6669823 TI - [Limping in children. Practical concepts based on 63 cases]. PMID- 6669824 TI - [Endocrine exploration of pregnancy in clinical practice: myth or reality?]. PMID- 6669825 TI - [Acquired immune deficiency syndromes (AIDS) and generalized lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 6669826 TI - [Crude art and ergotherapy: the "House of Artists" in Gugging, Austria]. PMID- 6669827 TI - [Fulminating viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6669829 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of antilipemic agents]. PMID- 6669830 TI - [Treatment of malignant pleural effusions]. AB - The methods used to induce pleural symphisis in recidivant malignant pleural effusions are reviewed. The most suitable for an average hospital are the intrapleural introduction of talc and tetracycline clorhydrate, of which the procedures are described. PMID- 6669831 TI - [Prediction in psychiatry]. AB - Prediction in Psychiatry is a subject which involves other controversial subjects as the clinical judgements, the reliability of the psychiatric diagnostic, the validity of the psychiatric entities, and the disorientation in the statistics due to the lack of coherent psychiatric theories. In this work two fundamental ways of prediction are studied and compared: the statistical prediction and the clinical prediction. In general the greater validity of the statistical predictions is confirmed, at least in appearance, according to the results of the revised works. However each kind of prediction has its precise applications, depending of the circumstances, therefore obtaining the best predictable accuracy by the combination of the both methods. Besides the denying preconceived ideas, the exposition can serve as a guide to tackle a deeper study of this subject. PMID- 6669828 TI - [Preliminary experience of selective intra-arterial chemotherapy of locally advanced malignant tumors]. PMID- 6669832 TI - [Internal derivation in the treatment of hepatic hydatidosis]. AB - The results of the surgical treatment of human hydatic cyst by cystojejunostomy are presented. This technique was performed in 17,3% of all cysts treated by the authors. The conditions for using technique, as well as it morbidity and mortality are reviewed. The authors' conclusion is that cystojejunostomy is a valid surgical technique for hydatic cyst in some cases in which it is indicated. PMID- 6669833 TI - [Treatment and prevention of lymph node metastasis of carcinomas of the oral cavity]. AB - From 1964-1977, 242 previously untreated patients with a oral cavity carcinoma were treated in the Service of Radiotherapy in the Clinica Puerta de Hierro of Madrid. The actuarial survival at five years was 52,5% (26 T1, 96 T2, 120 T3). The presence of nodes in the moment of treatment was of great prognostic value. And so the actuarial survival at five years of the N(+) was 31% vs 64% in the No (p less than or equal to 005). Of 161 patients without adenopathies (No), 73 patients were treated with prophylactic irradiation of the neck, and 88 patients were kept under observation without any cervical treatment; ganglionary relapses appeared in the 5,5% of the first group vs 26% in the patients who had no cervical treatment at all (p less than or equal to 001), wich reaffirms the value of prophylactic or elective radiotherapy. PMID- 6669835 TI - [Ethical limits of scientific research]. PMID- 6669834 TI - [Moxalactam]. PMID- 6669836 TI - [Chemotherapy of malignant tumors by arterial approach]. PMID- 6669837 TI - [Cutaneous scapular flaps]. PMID- 6669838 TI - [Parascapular cutaneous flap for repairing ulcers in a diffuse angioma of the whole lower extremity]. PMID- 6669839 TI - [Free dermis-fat double flap: progressive hemifacial atrophy (Romberg syndrome)]. PMID- 6669840 TI - [Cutaneous flap from the dorsum of the foot]. PMID- 6669841 TI - [Hemifacial repair using a vascularized free flap of wide dorsal muscle. Mixed basal and spinocellular tumor]. PMID- 6669843 TI - [Graft of vascularized fibula: giant cell tumor of the radius]. PMID- 6669842 TI - [Osteomyocutaneous flap of pectoralis muscles. Personal technic]. PMID- 6669844 TI - [A flap from the greater omentum for the oncologic repair of extensive loss of substance in the leg]. PMID- 6669845 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of cephalosporins]. PMID- 6669846 TI - [Netilmicin]. PMID- 6669847 TI - [Physician-patient relations in the context of current medicine]. PMID- 6669848 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of antifungal agents in deep mycoses]. PMID- 6669849 TI - [The influence of age on the end-results of the total surgical replacement of the hip]. AB - A revision of the first 700 total hip prostheses (operated on in the period 1969 1980) is carried out with the purpose to establish the influence of the age on the evolution of the arthroplasty. The results are very satisfactory but it is younger patients that complications related to loosening are more frequent. This fact can be explained by a longer period of evolution and a major prosthetic stress in these patients. By this reason, we do not use actually cement to fix the implants in those patients younger than sixty. PMID- 6669850 TI - [Acute brucellosis: our experience over a 3-year period]. AB - Authors, based on objectives data of large incidence of acute Brucellosis in their job area in the last years, get in every patient coming in their Medicine Internal Department suffering from it through three years. They analyse mainly the epidemiological, clinic-biological and therapeutics aspects of this acute pathology. The epidemiological conclusions established on the objective analysis of the series issue make known great interest. The increase of this illness does not happen to be because of infection in animal farms, but for the existence of food channels that are not under sanitary control. PMID- 6669851 TI - [Muscular ischemic pain. Effect of "training" after repeated performance of an experimental test]. AB - Ischaemic muscle pain is a commonly used experimental stimulus in the evaluation of therapeutic analgesic measures. However, some doubts have recently been cast on the reliability of the results obtained with these methods. In this study, the reproducibility of Pain Threshold and Pain Tolerance time was investigated in 11 subjects who performed a tourniquet test on three occasions. Pain experienced between these two parameters was estimated using a Visual Analogue Scale. A statistically significant increase (p = 0.007) in Pain Tolerance was observed between the first and third tests. A non-linear relationship between perceived intensity of pain and time of painful muscular activity was similarly verified. These results were interpreted as a training effect. Caution on the experimental design of studies sequentially using ischaemic muscle pain methods is therefore recommended. PMID- 6669852 TI - [Giant cell arteritis: temporal arteritis, rheumatic polymyalgia]. AB - Fourteen patients have been diagnosed for Giant Cell Arteritis by temporal biopsy or clinical criteria in the last five years. Two of them started with atypical symptoms. Polymyalgia Rheumatica was the commonest symptom (71%). Two patients (14%) had an irreversible blindness in eye one. Histologic changes of arteritis were shown by temporal biopsy in 8 cases, one of which had no cranial manifestations. A raised ESR was a constant finding (100%) followed by a alpha-2 globulin increase (93%) and anaemia (57%). One patient had rare complication of this disease: an aortic arch syndrome. The whole group responded well to the treatment. PMID- 6669853 TI - [Crural hemiparesis with homolateral ataxia. Apropos of a case with computed x ray tomographic study]. PMID- 6669855 TI - [Rebound nystagmus. Apropos of 2 cases, 1 with anatomo-pathological study]. PMID- 6669854 TI - [Optochiasmatic compression by a giant intracranial aneurysm. Treatment and favorable visual results]. PMID- 6669856 TI - [Regression under corticoid therapy of cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis of ORL origin]. PMID- 6669857 TI - [Carotid agenesis disclosed by ischemic accidents. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6669858 TI - [Spontaneous extradural hematoma. A case]. PMID- 6669859 TI - [Objective tinnitus. A dura mater arteriovenous fistula]. PMID- 6669862 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Report of 25 patients with pancreatojejunal shunt]. PMID- 6669861 TI - [Orbital neurilemmoma. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6669860 TI - [Familial cases of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. A case]. PMID- 6669863 TI - [Ultrastructure of the liver in patients with acute leukemia and hepatic dysfunction]. PMID- 6669864 TI - [The liver in the severely ill]. PMID- 6669865 TI - [Ischemic colitis]. PMID- 6669866 TI - [Advance in the treatment of intestinal parasitosis]. PMID- 6669867 TI - The effect of rheumatoid synovial fluid macrophages on DNA, glycosaminoglycan and collagen synthesis by synovial fibroblasts. AB - The effects of soluble factors secreted by peripheral blood monocytes and rheumatoid synovial fluid macrophages were tested on human synovial fibroblast cultures. Both monocytes and macrophages liberated factors which reduced DNA synthesis (3H-thymidine incorporation) by synovial fibroblasts. Monocyte and macrophage factors stimulated hyaluronic acid synthesis. The activation obtained with rheumatoid synovial macrophages was considerably greater than that with monocytes. Foetal bovine serum was found to have a clear stimulatory effect on the synthesis of collagen and other proteins by fibroblasts. The effects of monocyte and macrophage factors on protein synthesis in synovial fibroblasts were small: collagen synthesis was slightly increased relative to other extracellular proteins. PMID- 6669868 TI - Gas-like radiolucencies in a popliteal cyst. AB - A 71-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis complained of pain and swelling in the left calf. X-ray examination of the calf disclosed radiolucencies suggestive of soft tissue gas; however, subsequent investigation revealed no evidence of infection and an arthrogram showed a dissected popliteal cyst in the area of the gas. Gas-like radiolucencies in a popliteal cyst are an unusual finding which has not been previously reported. PMID- 6669869 TI - Asialylated immunoglobulins and rheumatoid factors. AB - A covalently coupled IgG-latex reagent was instrumental in isolating rheumatoid factors (RF) from normal immunoglobulins in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It was found that RF contained hyposialylated immunoglobulins of both IgG and IgM classes. This biochemical alteration might be relevant to understanding the etiopathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6669870 TI - The use of 'alternative treatments' by patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In a study of 199 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 68% were found to have tried 'alternative treatments'. Some treatments (acupuncture and faith healing) gave subjective benefit in nearly half those who tried them and were considered to be better than others (such as copper bracelets). No adverse reactions were reported. 'Alternative treatments' play an important role as self prescribed therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and their use should not be ignored nor underestimated. PMID- 6669871 TI - A synovectomy trial and the history of early knee synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. A multicentre study. AB - The results of a randomized synovectomy trial are reported and the history of early knee synovitis in 121 patients with rheumatoid arthritis is described. Conservative treatment (rest in splints, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and gold or an anti-malaria agent) for 4-5 months led to improvement in 81 of the 121 patients with early knee synovitis. In one-third of these 81 patients, the improvement continued, according to their own and the doctor's opinion, during 5 years of follow-up. Ten of the 22 patients who fulfilled the criteria for the synovectomy trial were operated upon. They showed improvement for 4 years. Over the 5-year period, two-thirds of the group were constantly seropositive or seronegative and in the other third the serology varied, but such that at each assessment 50% of the group were seropositive. Radiologically, all of the patients showed deterioration. The surgical group deteriorated more slowly for the first 2-3 years, but then showed the same pattern as the other groups. The disappearance of the clinical features of synovitis does not mean that radiological deterioration has ceased. PMID- 6669873 TI - [Hepatic diagnosis using radioisotope technics]. PMID- 6669872 TI - [Serological diagnosis of hepatitis B using radioimmunological and immunoenzyme technics]. PMID- 6669875 TI - Epigenetic and 'apogenetic'. PMID- 6669874 TI - [Fibronectin]. PMID- 6669876 TI - [Levels of dietary proteins and food preference in rabbits weaned early]. PMID- 6669877 TI - [Investigation of immunoconglutinin in beta-thalassemic patients after multiple transfusions]. PMID- 6669878 TI - [Tissue hypoxia due to stored blood]. PMID- 6669879 TI - [Study of survival in 332 blood donors and 399 non-donors]. PMID- 6669880 TI - [Comparative analysis of 2 clinical staging systems in 37 cases of multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6669881 TI - [Diffusion of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in chronic poly-transfused subjects]. PMID- 6669882 TI - [Familial nature of acute cerebral vasculopathies of the ischemic type]. AB - The frequency of cerebrovascular accidents and of risk factors including hypertension and diabetes was examined retrospectively in parents and siblings of 328 patients suffering from transient ischaemic attacks or non-embolic cerebral infarction and in a control group. The frequency of cerebrovascular accidents was significantly higher in the family of the patient compared to the family of the control. The relatives of the patient and the control had essentially the same frequency of diabetes, whereas hypertension was significantly more common in the family of the patient. When the relatives with one or both the risk factors were excluded and those with cerebrovascular accidents alone were compared, a greater frequency, though insignificant, was noted in the family of the patient. Hypertension and diabetes were more common in the relatives of the patient than in the control but this difference was not statistically significant. The significant excess of cerebrovascular accidents in the family of the patients suffering from transient ischaemic attacks and non embolic cerebral infarction cannot exclusively be attributed to the greater frequency of diabetes and hypertension. PMID- 6669883 TI - [Nyctohemeral incidence of acute cerebral vasculopathies]. AB - The time of onset of the neurological symptomatology was studied retrospectively in 258 patients, 107 (41%) autopsized, affected by non embolic cerebral infarction (172 cases), cerebral haemorrhage (52 cases) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (24 cases). In the patients suffering from cerebral infarction or haemorrhage the symptomatology began more frequently in the morning hours (from 6 to 12 a.m.) while it was comparatively rare in the night (from 00 to 06 am.). and evening hours (from 6 to 12 p.m.). This difference was significant (p less than 0.01) at the chi-squared test. The patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage showed a more homogeneous distribution with a higher but not significant frequency in the morning hours. The nyctohemeral distribution does not significantly differ in the patients affected by cerebral infarction, cerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage. The time of onset of the neurological symptomatology shows no significant variation in the patients with cerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage after dividing them in normotensives and hypertensives, while in the hypertensive patients with cerebral infarction a significant higher frequency of strokes was observed in the night hours (from 00 to 06 a.m.). PMID- 6669884 TI - [Dyslipidemias and ischemic cerebral vasculopathies]. AB - The serum cholesterol and triglycerid levels have been studied in 50 patients affected by transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) and in 89 patients suffering from cerebral infarction of non embolic origin. In 25 patients with TIA and in 59 patients with cerebral infarction, the HDL-cholesterol level and the HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol ratio have also been determined. Every patient was matched with a control of the same age and sex for statistical proposal. The mean total cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in the male patients affected by TIA and cerebral infarction. Dividing the patients according to age, the mean total cholesterol level remained significantly higher only in the male patients with TIA under the age of 60. The mean triglycerid concentration was significantly higher as compared with the controls in the male patients with TIA under the age of 50 and in the female patients with TIA aged from 60 to 70. The HDL-cholesterol level, though lower than in controls, showed no significant variation both in patients with TIA and with cerebral infarction, excepting the male patients affected by cerebral infarction over the age of 70. The HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol ratio was insignificantly lower than in controls both in TIA and in infarct patients. These results seem to emphasize the role of total serum cholesterol level in the pathogenesis of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases particularly in the male patients under the age of 60. Less striking appears to be the role of serum triglycerid level. Finally we can't show a significant HDL-cholesterol reduction in our patients as compared with controls. PMID- 6669886 TI - [A case of neuromyotonia. Considerations on etiopathogenesis]. AB - The Authors care about the Isaacs disease; they describe a clinical case and report the result trough carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin. They think that the hypothesis of nerve suffering, of motor plate suffering does not explain the clinical syndrome. The Authors hypothesize a functional change in the trophic proteins and in the balance excitation-inhibition and neuromodulation. This would explain therefore both the motor syndrome and the vegetative syndrome. PMID- 6669885 TI - [Phosphatidylcholine in the treatment of degenerative spinocerebellar ataxic syndromes. Long-term study of 6 patients]. AB - Six patients: three affected by different forms of inherited spinocerebellar ataxia and the others by acquired sporadic forms, were treated for six months with pure phosphatidylcholine, given orally (3,6 g daily). The open study has shown a significant improvement of spinocerebellar symptomatology after three and six months, in 5 patients. No improvement of the pyramidal symptoms was observed. These results, according to those obtained with lecitin, physostigmine and others choline precursors, suggest a possible pathogenesis with treatment. PMID- 6669887 TI - [Psychomotor handicap: a new rehabilitative intervention in relation to physiopathologic and clinical aspects]. AB - As regards physiopathologic and clinical aspects of psychomotor handicap, the authors present a new kind of rehabilitation intervention. PMID- 6669888 TI - [Roentgen study of the hand in primary biliary cirrhosis]. AB - The radiographic findings in the hand of 12 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis are described. 8 patients had osteopenia, one of these radiographic signs of hyperparathyroidism. Erosive arthritis was present in 5 of the 12 cases. Hyperostosis at ligamentous attachments was seen in 3 patients. Chondrocalcinosis was present in one case. PMID- 6669889 TI - [Roentgen morphology after vagotomy]. AB - Vagotomy is often followed by changes in the shape and motoric function of the stomach which usually return to normal in the course of a few months. The morphological changes which are typical for the different surgical techniques are described on the basis of references and the authors' own findings. X-ray examination contributes towards distinguishing regular postoperative changes from complications. The necessary long-term follow-ups to discover any possible recurrence of ulcers should be supplemented by gastroscopy. PMID- 6669890 TI - [Value of computed tomography in congenital hip dysplasia and hip luxation]. AB - A lot of methods of measurement have been developed to record precisely the degrees of luxation and the deviations from the normal form in the hip joints of the child and adult. The orthopaedic surgeon needs those data for a preoperative "coxometric program" before performing acetabuloplastic operations with osteotomy, osteotomy of the pelvis and combined operations. Computed tomography yields a series of informations and of possibilities of measurements which can determine the operative procedure in particular. These informations concern among other things the dimensions of the dysplasia of the acetabulum in the horizontal plane with the extension of the posterior lip and the angle of the acetabular opening, furthermore the physiological or pathological congruence between the head of the femur and the acetabulum, the angle of antetorsion of the neck of the femur and, in the small infant, the direct noninvasive imaging of the tube of the capsule with imaging of possible obstacles to reposition. PMID- 6669891 TI - [Gas- and fluid-containing cavities in the small pelvis and their differential diagnosis]. AB - Since untreated intra-abdominal abscesses are associated with a high mortality rate, early diagnosis is important. In abscesses involving gas formation, plain radiographs of the abdomen in various projections are sufficient for diagnosis. In this article, differential diagnosis of cavities containing gas and fluids is discussed. PMID- 6669892 TI - [Mediastinal pseudotumor, caused by a carotid-jugular fistula]. AB - The author presents the case of a mediastinal pseudotumour which can be explained by abnormally elongated and dilated large veins close to the heart. The reason for this rare ectasia of the venous system was a cervical fistula which had been existing for several years between the carotid artery at bifurcation level and the jugular vein following a war injury. Arteriography had originally been conducted because of subarachnoidal bleeding. PMID- 6669893 TI - [Scheuermann's disease and darwinism]. PMID- 6669894 TI - [Unusual muscle variant in the differential diagnosis of a soft tissue tumor]. AB - A rare variant of the plantar muscle is the formation of a good-sized muscle belly in the lower third of the lower leg. This venter distalis m. plantaris may be wrongly diagnosed, both clinically and by computed tomography, as a soft tissue tumour if it occurs unilaterally. PMID- 6669895 TI - [Conventional radiology and computed tomography in facial fractures]. AB - The possibilities and limitations of conventional radiography and CT in detecting maxillo-facial fractures are shown both experimentally and in a clinical setting. In 36 patients examined by both methods after maxillo-facial trauma, CT and conventional radiography (including pluridirectional tomography) proved to be equal in detecting fractures of the orbital roof, the anterior wall of the frontal sinus, the nasal bone and the pterygoid process. CT is inferior to conventional radiography in fracture of the orbital floor, the frontal base of the skull, the hard plate and the zygomatic arch. CT is superior to conventional radiography in fractures of the medial and lateral wall of the orbit, the posterior wall of the frontal sinus, the posterior, medial and anterior wall of the maxillary sinus as well as the zygomatic bone. PMID- 6669896 TI - [General Directorate of Public Health. Annual report, 1982]. PMID- 6669897 TI - [Hexachlorobenzene in Spanish margarines]. PMID- 6669898 TI - [Health resources in the neighborhood of La Cartuja, Granada]. PMID- 6669899 TI - [An update of the concept of public health]. PMID- 6669900 TI - [Health status measurement and public health]. PMID- 6669901 TI - [Chronic diseases and public health]. PMID- 6669902 TI - [Relation between the organizational health model and the possibilities of its application to epidemiology]. PMID- 6669904 TI - [Provincial health administration]. PMID- 6669905 TI - [The tuberculosis prevention and control plan of the Catalonian Parliament]. PMID- 6669906 TI - [A new indicator for the material quality of life appropriate for measuring the social and health development in the various provinces and autonomous regions of Spain]. PMID- 6669908 TI - [Technical and health institutions of the central administration of the state: technical, research, teaching and service aspects]. PMID- 6669907 TI - [Critical study of the Constitution from the health point of view]. PMID- 6669903 TI - [Health in the Spanish Constitution and in the Statutes of Autonomy of its nationalities and provinces]. PMID- 6669909 TI - [Organizational levels of public health laboratories]. PMID- 6669911 TI - [Ideas on the organization of a national laboratory for the control of biologics]. PMID- 6669910 TI - [Importance of health laboratories. Ideas on the organization of a health microbiology laboratory network]. PMID- 6669912 TI - [General directives for a new Health code]. PMID- 6669913 TI - [Elements for a new rural health policy]. PMID- 6669914 TI - [Basic principles of health assistance]. PMID- 6669915 TI - [The free choice of a physician under public health assistance systems]. PMID- 6669916 TI - [Rough draft of a prototype of the Health Code]. PMID- 6669917 TI - [Rubella: contribution to the knowledge of the immune state in the province of Badajoz]. PMID- 6669918 TI - [Residues of organochlorine pesticides in margarines]. PMID- 6669919 TI - [The psychological examination in the evaluation of suicide risk]. PMID- 6669920 TI - [Model for optimal resource allocation in a health service]. PMID- 6669921 TI - [Spain: democracy, economic crisis and health policy]. PMID- 6669922 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of capillary function in irradiated bowel. An experimental study in the cat. AB - Irradiated small intestine of the cat has decreased capillary function measured as capillary filtration. This decrease may be due to changes in capillary permeability or decreased capillary area. An electron microscopic study was carried out to examine whether there were any ultrastructural changes consistent with impaired permeability. Cat ileum was irradiated with doses from 10 to 25 Gy and examined 4 days, 1 month, and 4 months after irradiation. In the acute phase (4 days) degenerative endothelial changes were seen and increased with dose. Congestion and microthrombi were also observed. One month after irradiation endothelial changes were still seen after 20 and 25 Gy, and an aggregation of fibrous matter adjacent to the capillary wall was prominent. The endothelial changes were subtle after 4 months, but the pericapillary and stromal fibrosis increased, and an increasing number of collagen fibrils appeared. Micropores disappeared after 20 and 25 Gy but returned later. Pinocytic vesicles were observed after all doses and intervals. The initial decrease in capillary filtration coefficient after irradiation may partly be due to permeability changes caused by endothelial degeneration, whereas the late decrease parallels the increasing pericapillary fibrosis. PMID- 6669923 TI - Passage of molecules through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. Measurement of intestinal permeability to polyethylene glycols in the 634-1338 dalton range (PEG 1000). PMID- 6669924 TI - Gastric cascade: a diagnosis without clinical importance? AB - The clinical importance of the radiological diagnosis gastric cascade has been discussed for many years. In the present study, a group of patients with gastric cascades as their only radiologic gastric finding was compared with a group of patients without any pathological radiologic findings in their stomach. No statistically significant difference was found with regard to abdominal symptoms between the two groups. Furthermore, it was shown that even a slight bending of the body is sufficient to eliminate totally a gastric cascade. PMID- 6669925 TI - Mechanism of gastric acid response to pylorus ligation: effects of nephrectomy. AB - In the rat nephrectomy raises the serum gastrin concentration but makes the parietal cells refractory to gastrin. Pylorus ligation stimulates the gastric acid output by a long vago-vagal reflex in innervated animals and by an intramural reflex in chronically vagotomized animals. Nephrectomy reduced the acid response to pylorus ligation in vagally intact rats but enhanced it in vagotomized rats. The acid response to pylorus ligation in all the experimental groups was inhibited by a muscarinic blocker, atropine, and by an H2-antagonist, metiamide. The serum gastrin concentration was raised by nephrectomy and by vagal denervation. Histamine mobilization from gastric endocrine cells is reflected in the activity of gastric histidine decarboxylase. The enzyme activity in pylorus ligated innervated rats was raised by pentagastrin, atropine, and metiamide. In nephrectomized rats the basal enzyme activity was high, and it was raised further, slightly but significantly, by pentagastrin. The basal enzyme activity in pylorus-ligated rats was also quite high after vagotomy, and it was raised further by pentagastrin. After vagotomy + nephrectomy the basal enzyme activity was very high; it was not raised further by pentagastrin. It appears that both vago-vagal and intramural reflexes involve a cholinergic and a histaminergic pathway, that gastrin is not important for the neurally mediated acid response elicited by pylorus ligation, and that the postulated histaminergic pathway does not involve histamine derived from the gastric endocrine-like cells. PMID- 6669926 TI - The gastric mucosa in stomachs with polyps: morphologic and dynamic evaluation. AB - Biopsy specimens from the antral and body mucosa of 183 patients with gastric polyps (adenoma, 4; hyperplastic polyp (HP), 52; foveolar hyperplasia (FH), 49; and inflammatory polyp (IP), 78 cases) have been examined. The prevalence of gastritis in the series was compared with that in 183 age- and sex-matched controls. The dynamics (progression) of gastritis was evaluated by means of an age-adjusted gastritic score. In the HP and FH groups the prevalence and progression of body gastritis were significantly higher and more rapid (p less than 0.001) while the prevalence of antral gastritis was lower (p less than 0.05) and its progression less rapid (p less than 0.001) than in controls. It is concluded that the pernicious anaemia type of gastritis (A-type gastritis) is closely related to gastric polyps of hyperplastic origin. The progression of this gastritis type seemed to increase in the order IP, FH, and HP. In addition, we observed an increase in the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia (p less than 0.001) and marked epithelial dysplasia (0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05; chi square = 3.75) in stomachs with polyps as compared with in controls. PMID- 6669928 TI - Peritoneovenous shunt in treatment of ascites in patients with cirrhosis. A preliminary report with special reference to pathophysiology. AB - Peritoneovenous shunts (LeVeen type) were implanted in seven patients with cirrhosis complicated by ascites refractory to diuretic treatment. Three patients died of gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatic coma 1 to 7 weeks after the shunt implantation. The patients who died were those with the most severely impaired liver and kidney function. In two of the four surviving patients (observation time, 5-24 months) the shunt was patent during the observation time, and ascites disappeared. In the other two the shunt closed, in one patient repeatedly following several re-implantations. Enhanced urinary sodium excretion was observed in patients with patent shunts. After disappearance of ascites, the splanchnic venous pressures became less deranged. Long-term change in plasma volume or circulating albumin mass could not be detected. A patent shunt increases the drainage from the peritoneal cavity, but detectable increment in the overall lymph drainage was only found in a patient with a very low pre-shunt value. The findings do not support the 'overflow' theory of ascites formation but rather the 'lymph imbalance' theory. For clinical evaluation of peritoneovenous shunting in the treatment of ascites a controlled clinical trial is essential. PMID- 6669927 TI - Oesophageal peristalsis in normal subjects. Influence of pH and volume during imitated gastro-oesophageal reflux. AB - Acid gastro-oesphageal reflux in normal human subjects is followed by oesphageal peristalsis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of pH and volume during imitated reflux on oesophageal peristalsis. Fluid volumes of 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 ml (pH 1.0, 4.0, or 7.0) were instilled randomly in the lower end of the oesophagus in eight healthy subjects. Further, repeated instillations were carried out in one subject. Oesophageal pressures were measured 5, 10, and 15 cm oral to the gastro-oesophageal sphincter and in the pharynx, and pH 5 cm oral to the sphincter. Peristalsis confined to the oesophagus was found to be related to the volume of the instilled fluid, whereas pharynx-mediated peristalsis seemed to be related to the acidity of the fluid. It is concluded that peristalsis after imitated gastro-oesophageal reflux is influenced by both the volume and the acidity of the instilled fluid. Volume seems to initiate a local clearing mechanism, whereas low pH initiates pharynx-mediated peristalsis. PMID- 6669929 TI - Whole-gut transit time and its relationship to absorption of macronutrients during diarrhoea and after recovery. AB - Whole gut transit time (TT) was measured in 68 children aged up to 5 years (29 cholera, 17 rotavirus, 13 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and 9 Shigella) during acute stages of diarrhoea and 2 weeks after recovery. Absorption of calories, fat, protein, and carbohydrates contained in a normal Bangladeshi diet was studied for 72 h after the first appearance of a charcoal marker in the stool, both during acute diarrhoea and 2 weeks after recovery. Mean TT varied from 5.5 to 7.3 h during the acute stage and from 14.1 to 15.5 h during the recovery period of diarrhoea of all aetiologies; the increase in the TT was significant as expected (P less than 0.001). Correlation coefficients were calculated between TT and the coefficients for absorption of fat, nitrogen, calories, and carbohydrates in the acute and recovery stages of cholera, rotavirus, E. coli, and Shigella. No significant relation was found between TT and absorption of nutrients in any stage of diarrhoea of any aetiology. The results of this study suggest that the mechanism for absorption of nutrients is independent of the whole-gut transit time. Further studies are necessary to identify the role of transit of a meal and its absorption along the whole gut. PMID- 6669930 TI - Bioavailability of prednisolone in patients with intestinal malabsorption: the importance of measuring serum protein-binding. AB - The effect of intestinal malabsorption on the oral bioavailability of prednisolone has been studied in six patients with celiac disease and in six patients with malabsorption of various etiologies, five of whom had undergone gut resections. The serum protein-binding of prednisolone was measured in five patients with celiac disease and hypoalbuminemia and in eight healthy controls. Compared with the controls, patients with celiac disease had a 22% lower peak serum prednisolone concentration (p less than 0.05) and a 16% smaller area under the time-concentration curve of total prednisolone (NS). The proportion of free prednisolone was 79% greater in patients with celiac disease (p less than 0.01), and the area under the time-concentration curve of free, biologically active prednisolone 53% larger (p less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in peak prednisolone concentration or area under the time-concentration curve between the controls and the other patients with malabsorption, who all had normal serum albumin concentrations. These results indicate that the absorption of prednisolone in patients with malabsorption is normal and that the apparently reduced bioavailability in celiac disease patients is more likely to be due to an increased volume of distribution secondary to hypoalbuminemia and reduced protein binding. PMID- 6669931 TI - Effects of a low-fat diet on mineral absorption in small-bowel disease. AB - The absorption of calcium, magnesium, and zinc was studied by the metabolic balance technique at two fat intake levels in nine patients with fat malabsorption. The net absorption of all three minerals was significantly higher from the 40-g fat diet than from the 100-g fat diet. The data indicate that the lower fat content was the main reason for the increased mineral absorption, although the low-fat diet contained larger amounts of the minerals studied than did the high-fat diet. PMID- 6669932 TI - The fasting levels and the postprandial response of gastroenteropancreatic hormones before and after prolonged fasting. AB - The effect of a prolonged 5-day fast on the blood concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), secretin, human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP), gastrin, and group I pepsinogens (PG I) was studied in 11 healthy subjects. During the fast there was a marked increase in the concentrations of VIP, secretin, and hPP, whereas the rise in the concentrations of gastrin and PG I was less pronounced. Refeeding suppressed the increased concentration of VIP and caused elevated postprandial concentrations of secretin and hPP, whereas starvation did not influence the postprandial release of gastrin and PG I. The study shows that prolonged starvation has a pronounced effect on gut endocrine responses. PMID- 6669933 TI - Variations in the sulfation of circulating gastrins in gastrointestinal diseases. AB - The basal concentrations of sulfated and non-sulfated gastrins in serum were measured radioimmunochemically in healthy subjects and in normo- and hyper gastrinemic diseases. The degree of sulfation in patients with duodenal and gastric ulcer, chronic pancreatitis, gallstone disease, and chronic renal failure were similar to that of healthy controls, in whom 37.7 +/- 1.9% (mean +/- SEM) of serum gastrins were sulfated. In eight patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 57 +/- 5.4% of the gastrins were sulfated (p less than 0.005, compared with controls). In patients with pernicious anemia (no. = 20) only 24.4 +/- 2.0% of the gastrins were sulfated (p less than 0.005, compared with controls). An inverse correlation (r = -0.63, p less than 0.01) was found between the degree of sulfation and the total gastrin concentration in pernicious anemia but not in gastrinoma patients. The results indicate that diseases with increased synthesis of gastrin are accompanied by an abnormal degree of sulfation. PMID- 6669934 TI - Absorption and excretion of azodisal sodium and its metabolites in man after rectal administration of a single 2-g dose. AB - The behaviour of azodisal sodium (ADS) and its metabolites after a single 2-g rectal dose was investigated in 10 healthy volunteers. Blood samples were drawn frequently, and urine was collected during intervals of 24 h. The ADS absorption gave a mean peak serum concentration of 2.1 (SD +/- 0.7) microgram/ml. The urinary excretion of ADS was 0.8% of the given dose. After rectal administration 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) could be detected in the serum only in two of the subjects, with a mean concentration of less than 0.5 microgram/ml. Ac-5-ASA was present in increasing serum concentrations, being 0.93 microgram/ml at 24 h. The mean 24-h urinary excretion of these two metabolites was only 2.7% of the given dose. In another study the azo bond of ADS has been shown to be split by anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. The low absorption of its metabolites indicates that ADS is a suitable molecule for delivering the presumed pharmacologically active moiety, 5-ASA. PMID- 6669935 TI - Ethanol-induced mucosal injury in rabbit oesophagus. AB - The pathogenesis of oesophagitis associated with ethanol ingestion was studied experimentally by perfusing isolated rabbit oesophagus in situ with 20% and 40% (v/v) ethanol. Since ingestion of ethanol increases duodenogastric and gastro oesophageal reflux, the effects of HCl and bile salts (in combination with ethanol) were also investigated. The severity of oesophageal mucosal damage was assessed by using transmucosal potential difference, net ion fluxes of H+ and Na+, and mucosal permeability to two neutral molecules of different sizes, 3H-H2O and 14C-erythritol, as indicators of mucosal integrity. Macroscopic changes in the mucosa were also recorded. The results showed that the lower ethanol concentration (20%) is relatively harmless to the oesophageal mucosa. Furthermore, addition of 20% ethanol did not intensify the effects on the mucosa caused by HCl or bile salts alone. In contrast, the stronger ethanol solution (40%) did cause significant mucosal damage when used alone, and this damage was further potentiated by the presence of HCl. PMID- 6669936 TI - Duodenogastric reflux after gastric surgery. AB - Nineteen patients with a history of heartburn, bile vomiting, and postprandial pain after gastric surgery have been compared with 16 symptom-free gastrectomized patients with regard to bile reflux, gastric emptying rate, and gastric mucosal changes. Bile reflux was determined by an isotope-derivative method. Gastric emptying of a liquid meal was studied by a dye dilution technique. Gastric mucosal morphology was studied in biopsies taken at gastroscopy. A significantly higher degree of bile reflux could be demonstrated in patients with symptoms than in symptom-free patients. Gastric emptying of a liquid meal occurred at the same rate in both groups. There was no correlation between the gastric emptying rate and the amount of bile reflux. The gastritis was of the same severity in patients with and without symptoms and was not related to the degree of bile reflux. PMID- 6669937 TI - Pregnancy in ulcerative colitis. AB - The course of pregnancy in 97 women with ulcerative colitis was studied over a 12 year period. During this period they had 173 pregnancies and delivered 136 children. There were two gemellary deliveries. Nine women had a spontaneous and 16 an induced abortion, of which 4 were performed on therapeutic indication. For a woman with ulcerative colitis the risk of an exacerbation of the bowel disease was 32% per year in her fertile years, whereas it was 34% per year during pregnancy. This difference is not statistically significant. As compared with women with an inactive bowel disease, women in whom the disease was active at the start of pregnancy had a small but significantly greater risk of spontaneous abortion and premature delivery. The frequency of malformations, prematurity, and neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia was not higher in the children of ulcerative colitis mothers than in those of healthy mothers. Treatment with sulphasalazine, salazosulphadimidine, and corticosteroids had no influence on the course and outcome of pregnancy. Birth length and weight of the children of mothers with ulcerative colitis equalled those for children of healthy mothers. In conclusion, pregnancy does not necessitate any change in the usual medical treatment of ulcerative colitis. Women with ulcerative colitis should be advised preferably to conceive at a time when their bowel disease is inactive. Generally, ulcerative colitis constitutes no indication for induced abortion. PMID- 6669938 TI - Evaluation of liver steatotic and fibrous content by computerized tomography and ultrasound. AB - Twenty-four patients with steatotic liver underwent computerized tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) examinations and liver biopsy, performed within a maximum interval of 6 weeks. The CT and US findings were compared with the fat and fibrous content of the biopsy specimens. A good linear inverse correlation between the CT findings and fat content was found. The ranges of CT values were 39-60 HU (mean, 52 HU) for mild fat content (less than or equal to 9.9%), 4-46 HU (mean, 27 HU) for moderate fat content (10.0-24.9%), and -6 to 19 HU (mean, 10 HU) for severe fat content (greater than or equal to 25.0%). With US it was possible to estimate roughly the fat and fibrous content of the liver. There was always the 'bright liver' finding in patients with 10.0% or more fat content, but it was impossible to estimate the content of fat more accurately. 'Bright liver' was also found in most patients with mildly and in all patients with severely increased fibrous content. It was impossible to differentiate the latter from each other or from the 'bright liver' caused by fatty degeneration. PMID- 6669939 TI - Jejunal biopsy and lymphocyte co-culture in coeliac disease. AB - Jejunal biopsies from 13 patients with treated coeliac disease were maintained in organ culture for 24 h with and without the addition of gluten fraction III, in each case with and without autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biopsies cultured with gluten alone or with lymphocytes alone showed no significant reduction in mean enterocyte height compared with those cultured in control medium, but those cultured with both gluten and lymphocytes had significantly lower enterocyte height than control biopsies, than those cultured with gluten alone, and than those cultured with lymphocytes alone. These results demonstrate that the combination of gluten and lymphocytes is more toxic to treated coeliac mucosa in vitro than either one alone and support the suggestion that immune reactions to gluten may be important in the pathogenesis of the mucosal lesion of coeliac disease. PMID- 6669940 TI - Regional vascular influences of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has powerful vasodilating effects, shown by a striking conductance increase especially in the vertebral artery (+100%), the left descending coronary artery (+200%), the left gastric artery (+550%), the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (+200%), and the gastroduodenal artery (+220%). The conductance increase was also significant in the common and the proper hepatic artery (+60% and 50%, respectively). Total peripheral conductance was progressively increased by 45%; arterial pressure was reduced by 20%. Blood flow was assessed with non-cannulating electromagnetic flow sensors in anesthetized dogs. VIP was injected in a brachial vein at intervals of 1 min in amounts of 1-1024 ng X kg-1, following a logarithmic scale. The pulsatile flow and pressure signals were analog-digital-converted and processed simultaneously by a computer program to obtain mean flow (ml X min-1) and mean pressure (mmHg) values for every 3 sec. The hemodynamic data were presented as conductances. No response was observed in the inferior mesenteric artery, the renal artery, or the femoral artery. Major vasoactivity thus occurred in cerebral, cardiac, gastric, hepatic, and pancreatic regions. PMID- 6669941 TI - Secretin release in coeliac disease. Plasma secretin concentration and bicarbonate output to the duodenum after intraduodenal acid infusion in coeliac patients before and after treatment. AB - Infusion of 40 ml 0.1 mol/l HCl into the duodenum in eight untreated coeliac patients was followed by an increase of the plasma immunoreactive secretin (IRS) concentration from 1.6 +/- 0.2 pmol/l to a peak level of 2.4 +/- 0.3 pmol/l (p less than 0.05). After treatment with a gluten-free diet, the same patients showed an increase from 1.4 +/- 0.3 pmol/l to a peak level of 5.5 +/- 0.9 pmol/l after intraduodenal acid infusion, which was significantly higher than before treatment (p less than 0.01). In control subjects, intraduodenal acid infusion was followed by an increase from 1.4 +/- 0.2 pmol/l to 6.7 +/- 1.1 pmol/l, which was significantly higher than in untreated coeliac disease (p less than 0.01) but did not differ from what was found in treated coeliac patients. Significant differences in pH, volume, or bicarbonate content of the duodenal aspirates or the basal IRS levels were not found. PMID- 6669942 TI - Serum antibodies to Bacteroides species in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. AB - It has been proposed that the presence of elevated serum titres against various Bacteroides species among patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD) may yield aetiological, pathogenic, or prognostic information. Using a crossed immunoelectrophoretic method, we investigated circulating antibodies against four Bacteroides species in 122 patients with CIBD (80 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 42 with Crohn's disease (CD)) and in 32 patients with the irritable colon syndrome. In this cross-sectional study we found raised titre scores (greater than 0) among 26% of the patients with CD, among 46% of the patients with UC, and among 34% of the patients with the irritable colon syndrome. These differences are not significant. There were no correlations between the antibody titres and the duration of the disease, the clinical disease activity, or the site of the disease. Furthermore, the antibody titres yielded no prognostic information as to the necessity of surgery--that is, colectomy and/or small-bowel resection. PMID- 6669943 TI - Assessment of a rapid pancreatic isoamylase assay as a screening test for chronic pancreatic disease. AB - A new, rapid assay for pancreatic isoamylase (PIA) has been evaluated in normal subjects and patients with either proven chronic pancreatic disease or diseases in which chronic pancreatitis commonly enters the differential diagnosis. A wide normal range limited the diagnostic usefulness of the test. In non-pancreatic disease the serum levels of PIA were normal in 107 of 109 patients with non pancreatic disease, but only 3 of 16 patients with chronic pancreatitis and proven exocrine insufficiency had a low PIA level, and variable levels occurred in pancreatic carcinoma. These results suggest that measurement of serum PIA is of limited value as a screening test for chronic pancreatic disease. PMID- 6669944 TI - Cholic acid conjugation test and quantitative liver function in acute liver failure. AB - In 33 patients with acute hepatic encephalopathy due to toxic or viral hepatitis the following analyses were performed: (24-14C)cholic acid conjugation and sulfation, plasma phenazone clearance, galactose elimination capacity, and concentrations of glycocholic acid and glycolithocholic acid sulfate in plasma. The (24-14C)cholic acid conjugation in patients with viral hepatitis was significantly lower in fatal cases than in patients who survived (p less than 0.002). In these patients the galactose elimination capacity and the plasma phenazone clearance were insignificantly lower. Tauro-(24-14C)cholic acid was the predominant metabolite of (24-14C)cholic acid in six patients, but in four patients with toxic hepatitis this metabolite was only found in trace amounts. Sulfation after 3 h of (24-14C)cholic acid accounted for 0-8.2% of the administered dose. The sulfate of glycolithocholic acid was found in the plasma of all patients. No survival limit with regard to the capacity for the (24 14C)cholic acid conjugation could be defined. PMID- 6669945 TI - Effect of atropine on pancreatic bicarbonate output and plasma concentrations of immunoreactive secretin in response to intraduodenal stimulants. AB - In conscious dogs with gastric and pancreatic Thomas fistulas we studied the effect of atropine (50 micrograms kg-1 intravenously) on pancreatic bicarbonate output and plasma concentrations of immunoreactive secretin in response to intraduodenal bolus injections of HCl (0.75 mmol), L-tryptophan (1 mmol), and sodium oleate (1 mmol). The 10-min integrated bicarbonate response to HCl was 1.7 times greater than the response to oleate and 2.8 times greater than that to tryptophan. Atropine significantly (p less than 0.05) depressed the 10-min integrated bicarbonate response to HCl, oleate, and tryptophan by 67%, 79%, and 61%, respectively. HCl and oleate, but not tryptophan, significantly increased plasma secretin concentrations over basal levels. Atropine did not significantly alter basal plasma concentrations of secretin or the 10-min integrated plasma secretin response to HCl and oleate. We conclude that 1) intraduodenal tryptophan stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion by an atropine-sensitive mechanism, release of secretin not being involved, and 2) in the presence of atropine the depressed pancreatic bicarbonate response to HCl and oleate is not due to decreased release of endogenous secretin. PMID- 6669946 TI - Role of sodium, bicarbonate, and plasma osmolality in biliary secretion. AB - To examine the effect of changes in biliary sodium and bicarbonate secretion on bile formation, experiments were performed on fasted, pentobarbital-anesthetized pigs. During continuous intravenous secretin infusion (2.7 CU X kg body wt-1 X h 1) sodium secretion was altered by increasing or reducing plasma sodium concentration. Bicarbonate secretion was altered by varying arterial plasma pH. At increased biliary sodium secretion, bile formation was depressed, but changes in bicarbonate secretion were accompanied by parallel alterations in bile formation. Bile acid secretion was increased during elevated plasma sodium concentration, whereas reduced plasma sodium concentration depressed bile acid secretion. To distinguish between the effect of changes in plasma osmolality and sodium concentration, bile formation was also studied during intravenous sucrose infusion at normal plasma sodium concentration. About 50% of the effect on bile formation of changing plasma sodium concentration is solely caused by the changes in plasma osmolality. During secretin stimulation bile formation is mainly determined by bicarbonate. Changes in plasma osmolality affect bile secretion through alterations in the net osmotic force across the hepatocellular membrane. Sodium has an impact on the bile-acid-dependent fraction, whereas bicarbonate is the mediator of the bile-acid-independent fraction of bile secretion. PMID- 6669947 TI - Cytochemical methods for the backscattered electron imaging mode of scanning electron microscopy: further applications to the study of human leukemic cells. AB - The Backscattered Electron Imaging (BEI) mode of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has been applied to the study of cells stained with various heavy metals in cytochemical reactions. Improvements or modifications of some of these methods and their application to the study of normal and leukemic leukocytes have been evaluated in this report. The results obtained after staining peroxidase-positive granules with osmium, copper, cobalt-nickel and gold-cobalt are compared. Granules containing non-specific esterase activity were demonstrated in the BEI mode after incubation of the cells in Hanker medium and staining with osmium. While sites of acid phosphatase activity were easily localized with a conventional lead method, alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrated only in the phagocytic vacuoles of cells previously incubated with latex particles and subsequently stained with lead. Cell nuclei were identified in the BEI mode after silver methenamine or bismuth staining. Combining their cell surface and cytochemical characteristics a more accurate identification of the different blood cell types with the SEM becomes possible. PMID- 6669948 TI - New methods for cathodoluminescence in the scanning electron microscope. AB - Experiments using the CL imaging mode to recognise osteoid in the polished, cut surfaces of bone biopsies embedded in PMMA led to the development of a number of new methods for contrast formation in CL images in the SEM. These involve: (1) enhancing or (2) reducing the CL signal by staining the specimen, (3) utilising the cathodoluminescence of glass microscope slides to produce images of histological sections mounted on glass so that features in the section which scatter the electron beam appear dark against a light background, and (4) enhancing the CL signal from PMMA so that features which are less penetrated by the scintillator show up dark against a bright background. Efforts to increase the efficiency of light collection resulted in the development of a new means for manufacturing reflector-cum-light guide CL detectors by wrapping aluminum foil around a wooden former. These detectors enshroud the specimen so that CL light can only escape to the photomultiplier window (or back up the final lens). A variety of such designs have proved more efficient than the conventional plastic light guides used as CL detectors. By enlarging the beam entry aperture, other SE and BSE detectors can be used simultaneously. Examples of the value of the CL mode in mineralised tissue research include the use of enhanced CL plastic embedding media to detect marrow space and of enhanced osteoid CL to detect unmineralised bone matrix; the use of tetracycline as a growth marker in pathological studies of bone and experimental studies with bone, dentine and enamel; the use of bisbenzamid to locate and count nuclei in osteoclasts, the hard tissue resorbtive cells; and the use of superficial stain absorption of auto CL to locate stained material on tooth surfaces, with the view to monitor the efficiency of periodontal therapy. PMID- 6669949 TI - Proton-induced X-ray emission analysis - a new tool in quantitative dermatology. AB - Proton-Induced X-ray Emission analysis (PIXE) constitutes a method for trace element analysis characterized by multielemental capability, detection limits in the low ppm-range and size resolution down towards a micrometre. In applications where the sensitivity of the Electron-Induced X-ray Emission (EIXE) analysis is not sufficient and where a spatial resolution not better than a few micrometres is required, the PIXE technique provides a powerful tool. In this paper properties of the PIXE method are demonstrated by quantitative results from three different samples of dermatological interest. Firstly, mercury results from a longitudinal scan of a single hair strand from a mercury poisoned person are shown. With a spatial resolution of one or a few millimetres very fast scans may be performed on hair strands giving information on time and magnitude of intoxication or other exposures, as well as deficiencies. Secondly, results are given from a radial scan with a beam width of 4 micron on hair from a person exposed to high amounts of iron. The calcium, iron and zinc distributions but not the sulphur and potassium distributions show narrow peaks of concentration (less than 4 micron) about 15 micron from the surface of the hair. Further investigations have to be performed in order to interpret these data. Thirdly, the depth profiles in skin of some elements were measured with a beam width of 10 micron. The results show significant increases in sulphur, calcium and zinc concentrations and significant decreases in phosphorous and potassium concentrations at the skin surface, i.e. in the stratum corneum. PMID- 6669950 TI - Carbohydrate cytochemistry by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. AB - Macromolecules containing abundant carbohydrate moieties occur widely distributed on cell surfaces and in cell organelles. Extension to the ultrastructural level of light microscopic cytochemical methods for demonstrating the complex carbohydrates has provided extensive information about the precise location of a great diversity of glycoconjugates in various cell types affording, accordingly, an improved insight into the biologic significance of the chemical nature of some components. The available methods of ultrastructural carbohydrate cytochemistry are reviewed in this tutorial, and the applicability of these methods to demonstration of glycoconjugates by scanning electron microscopy is considered. Backscattered electron imaging was carried out on specimens of trachea stained by methods for demonstrating glycoconjugates by transmission electron microscopy. This approach provided a means of localizing sites of abundant complex carbohydrate by scanning electron microscopy. Further extension of carbohydrate cytochemical methods to demonstration of glycoconjugates by scanning electron microscopy appears feasible and offers a promise of providing valuable information for carbohydrate cytochemistry. PMID- 6669952 TI - Oxygen plasma etching of entire block faces improves the resolution and usefulness of serial scanning electron microscopic images. AB - The oxygen plasma etching technique of Humphreys et al. has been modified and applied for use on the entire block face of methacrylate and epoxy embedded biological specimens. This technique greatly improves the visualization of tissue and cellular components, including intracellular organelles. This procedure, when coupled with the use of a miniature microtome which functions inside the SEM specimen chamber, greatly increases the usefulness of serial SEM images instead of serial sections for 3-dimensional reconstructions. Although this technique is demonstrated using the central nervous system of the nudibranch mollusc Hermissenda crassicornis and the squid (Loligo pealei) fin nerve on both osmicated and non-osmicated tissue, it should have broad applicability to most biological material. PMID- 6669951 TI - Long term bone marrow cultures: an ultrastructural review. AB - Long-term liquid cultures of bone marrow support the growth and proliferation of self renewing haemopoietic stem cells and the majority of myeloid lineages. The maturation of granulocyte elements occurs in normal cultures, but this may be shifted to erythropoiesis by the addition of a stimulus such as serum from anaemic mice. The continued production of stem cells and differentiating populations of either granulocytes or erythroid cells is dependent upon the establishment and maintenance of an adherent layer in the cultures which arise from the stromal cells in the original marrow inoculum. To date, the presence of adipocytes, fibroblasts, reticulum cells, and endothelial cells has been established amongst the stromal cells; and neutrophil and basophil granulocytes, megakaryocytes, full erythroid differentiation, and monocytes and macrophages have been identified in the haemopoietic lineages. Interactions at the cellular level appear to occur between the lipid synthesising adipocytes and developing granulocytes, and a central macrophage and erythroblasts, forming an 'in vitro' erythroblastic islet. These associations may form aspects of an 'in vitro' haemopoietically inductive microenvironment. PMID- 6669954 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of exfoliative cervical cytology. AB - The cervical epithelium was studied in 2260 cells with the consecutive LM-SEM method. The purpose of the study was to describe as many cell types as possible and compare these results with the literature. Cells should be related to two diagnoses: that of the individual cell, and that of the tissue from which it originates. Micro-ridges with bars cover the luminal side of normal intermediate and superficial cells. Microvilli with grooves cover the basal side. Microvilli and microridges are intermeshing. Parallel-running plicae form side-to-side junctions. Regional differences on the same cell side were mainly found on normal cells. Metaplasia has some characteristic features. Dysplasia and carcinoma in situ show a continuous process of surface alterations to round cells with irregular microvilli and holes. Malignant cells show many bizarre forms. A quantitative, prospective study on SEM parameters, will be needed to establish prognostic SEM criteria with a high malignancy index. PMID- 6669953 TI - A correlative study of porcine endometrium and hormone levels during early lactation and the late luteal phase. AB - This study sought to determine what morphological similarities there were between sow uterus 6-10 days post-partum and during the late luteal phase of the estrous cycle (day 14 post-estrum). An attempt to assess blastocyst receptivity was made. SEM examination of the uterine surfaces in all sows revealed two distinct types of gland openings: 1) Several wider openings (40-60 microM diam.) were always surrounded by large numbers of ciliated cells. At day 7 post-partum distinct epithelial "ridges" surrounding these ciliated patches were very pronounced and consisted of proliferating/differentiating non-ciliated cells. These "ridges" seemed to appear as "valleys" on day 8 post-partum and were densely populated with cells bearing a single cilium. 2) Smaller, (2-4 micron diam.) more numerous gland openings were not associated with large numbers of ciliated cells. The larger gland openings were more numerous in post-partum uterus. Surface and glandular epithelial heights were similar in all sows. Circulating levels of steroids and prostaglandins were very low in post-parturient sows and appeared to exert little effect on cell morphology. Secretory cells lacking microvilli appeared around days 6 and 7 post-partum but were less prominent around days 8-10 post-partum. Several similarities were noted between the luteal phase uterus and the uterus at days 8 and 9 post-partum. These included cell heights, lipid inclusions and large secondary lysosomes, the amount of breakdown within the surface epithelium, and the densities of the zona compacta and the zona spongiosa. It was concluded that attempts at blastocyst implantation might be feasible at around days 8 and 9 post-partum. PMID- 6669955 TI - The application of scanning electron microscopy in the clinical investigation of the human colon. AB - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the human colon has extended the observations on gross examination and colonoscopy to ultrastructural levels. It has given a clear demonstration of submicroscopic cell surface details such as microvilli and has shown diagnostic alterations of surface topography in benign and malignant neoplasia. SEM investigation of Crohn's disease and of Clindamycin associated colitis has shed light on the pathogenesis of the disease process. The results of the latter study demonstrated its application as an aid in the definitive establishment of the clinical diagnosis. At all times, the SEM findings have been correlated with those of light (LM) and/or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). There are advantages and disadvantages to each one of these types of microscopy. SEM serves to complement the other two and to broaden the spectrum of morphological examination. PMID- 6669956 TI - Steroidogenic and morphological responses of hen granulosa cells to luteinizing hormone in vitro. AB - We examined in vitro progesterone production in granulosa cells isolated from the first (F1 group, 35 mm diameter) and third (F3 group, 25 mm diameter) largest ovarian follicles and granulosa cells isolated from hens stimulated hormonally to produce multiple follicular maturation (PMSG group). All granulosa cell groups maintained in a 48 hr culture produced progesterone. Luteinizing hormone (LH) significantly increased progesterone production for each group with the PMSG group progesterone levels the highest and F3 group the lowest. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that few single granulosa cells were present after 48 hr culture. Instead, granulosa cells were observed as multicellular aggregates, referred to here as clusters, which ranged between 15 and 60 micron in diameter. Regardless of the cell group few clusters attached to a support surface. The surface of F1 and PMSG clusters were irregular due to short folds and formed few surface elaborations. Individual cell boundaries within a cluster could not be discerned. With LH, surface folds became more elaborate, often giving rise to microvilli. Blebs about 1 micron in diameter or less also were more prevalent on clusters from groups cultured with LH. Clusters within the F3 group cultured with and without LH were similar in appearance. Therefore, in the F1 and PMSG groups, the development of surface elaborations in the form of microvilli and blebs was correlated with the LH promoted increase in progesterone production. PMID- 6669957 TI - Ultrastructural studies of renal stones from patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Patients on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis due to renal failure have an unusually high incidence of kidney stones (from 5 to 51% depending on methodology). However, there is a controversy on the composition of these stones whether they are calcium oxalate stones or matrix stones. This paper presents ultrastructural evidence that these stones are in fact heterogeneous, ranging from calcium oxalate stones with little organic matrix component, through calcium oxalate and calcium apatite stones with substantial organic matrix component, to matrix stones with little inorganic material component. The correlative analytical methodology developed in this laboratory employing analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electron and x-ray diffraction, as well as biochemistry, was reported previously. For the calcium oxalate stones, scanning electron microscopy showed that numerous small crystals of 1-3 micron in size were exposed to stone surfaces, apparently in an unorganized manner. However, transmission electron microscopy sections showed orderly stacking of crystals held together by organic matrix, just like bricks held together by mortar. For the matrix stones, scanning electron microscopy showed smooth stone surfaces while transmission electron microscopy sections showed focal areas of calcium oxalate or apatite deposits as identified by selected area electron diffraction. PMID- 6669958 TI - Changes in the surface epithelium of the developing olfactory organ in the sand sole (Psettichthys melanastictus) and the rex sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus). AB - The olfactory organ of the sand sole (Psettichthys melanastictus) and the rex sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus) begins its development as a primary olfactory groove containing a sensory epithelium with two or more cell types. The groove becomes dumbbell shaped as its lateral margins grow towards each other and eventually fuse, resulting in the formation of an olfactory chamber with openings for the anterior and posterior nares. Dimensions of the primary olfactory groove are different between these two species. Fusion of the olfactory bridge occurs about the time of metamorphosis in the sand sole, but before metamorphosis in the rex sole. The sensory epithelium of the sand sole larva contains microvillar cells, ciliated type I cells, and ciliated type II cells at hatching, while the rex sole larva has only microvillar and ciliated type II cells. Ciliated type I cells were observed in rex sole only after the olfactory bridge had fused. The olfactory epithelium in both species is directly exposed to the fish's environment for some length of time before it becomes enclosed within an olfactory chamber. PMID- 6669959 TI - Morphological changes occurring during thrombogenesis and embolization on biomaterials in a canine ex-vivo series shunt. AB - An acute canine ex-vivo femoral A-V shunt technique was used to study thrombus formation and embolization on a number of porous and non-porous polymer surfaces over a one-hour blood contact period. The technique allows for simultaneous exposure of all the surfaces under similar physiological and hematological conditions. This makes comparisons between surfaces more reliable. SEM was used to study changes in the morphology of platelets and thrombi present on the polymer surfaces. Quantitative information was obtained using radiolabeled platelets. In general, platelet deposition, activation, and aggregation was followed by thrombus formation which peaked at about 15-30 minutes of blood contact. Thrombi were composed mainly of platelets with few leukocytes present. Embolization was observed on Silastic (SIL), polyvinylchoride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), and oxidized polyethylene (OX-PE) surfaces between 20 and 60 minutes of blood contact. The mechanism for embolization involved clot retraction under the influence of a shear field. Leukocytes did not appear to be necessary for the initiation of embolization but were present during the embolization phase on OX PE, possibly due to chemotactic factors. Although extensive thrombus formation was observed on the porous PTFE materials (GORE-TEX and IMPRA), the thrombi formed were flat and did not significantly block the lumen. By 60 minutes of blood contact, only minimal embolization had occurred on the PTFE surfaces. SEM examination of the sequence of thrombus formation and embolization was found to correlate well with trends in platelet deposition measured using radiolabeling techniques. PMID- 6669960 TI - Use of colloidal gold to examine fibrinogen binding to human platelets. AB - Fibrinogen labelled colloidal gold was used in a direct labelling procedure with surface activated human platelets. Utilizing this technique, the platelet membrane receptor for fibrinogen was visualized by both scanning and high voltage electron microscopy. Changes in the degree of fibrinogen binding and the whole cell distribution of the fibrinogen receptor are associated with the progression of the morphological transformation induced following platelet activation. While unstimulated platelets do not bind fibrinogen, the amount of fibrinogen bound per platelet increases rapidly during the early stages of shape change characteristic of surface activation. Redistribution of fibrinogen receptors to the central areas of platelets occurs following saturation of receptor sites. The ease of preparation of the label and its easy detection by electron microscopy make it useful for correlative HVEM and SEM studies of the relationship between receptor redistribution and cytoplasmic ultrastructural reorganization. PMID- 6669961 TI - Electron radiation damage in thin specimens prepared for X-ray microanalysis by cryoultramicrotomy, freeze substitution and normal resin embedding. AB - Analysis of biological tissue is ultimately limited by the transformation of elemental composition under the influence of the electron beam. Specimen erosion depends on elemental composition and molecular structure, analytical conditions and specimen temperature. Studies reported here indicate a variability in elemental and mass loss for various preparations of thin sections. With careful choice of specimen preparation techniques and analytical operating conditions, mass and element losses from the specimen can be minimised. PMID- 6669962 TI - Scanning electron microscopy and recording of the physiological activity of tracheal ciliated cells treated by fractionated irradiation. AB - The ciliated epithelium of the rabbit's trachea was irradiated with daily fractions of 2 Gy to an accumulated dose of 20 Gy. The beat frequency of the cilia was recorded and specimens were taken for SEM-, TEM- and LM-investigations. Examination was made 1-10 days after each fractionation schedule. An increased ciliary beat frequency was recorded at 2 Gy and 4 Gy. With increasing dose, there was an inverted relationship to the frequency. Light-microscopy showed edema and an increased amount of goblet cells in relation to the increasing dose. With SEM an increased number of ciliary blebs could be seen. These could be classified according to size and number, and showed a positive correlation to the dose. TEM investigations showed signs of increased intracellular activity at higher doses in the form of multilobulated nuclei and an increasing number of nuclear pores. At lower doses, an increased amount of mitochondria appeared in the apical part of the cell. It is at present difficult to evaluate any correlation between the physiological activity and the morphology. More biological data are needed to explain the early irradiation effects. PMID- 6669963 TI - Temperature dependence of anisotonic NaC1 effect on radiosensitization and ultrastructure of V79 Chinese hamster cells. AB - Isodose radiation survival of V79 Chinese hamster cells, pretreated with strongly hypertonic concentrations of NaC1 at 22 degrees C, or at 37 degrees C, has been determined and correlated with ultrastructural changes within the nucleus. After an exposure of less than 10 min to 1.5 M NaC1, at both temperatures, the cells are radioprotected, but after longer exposures, the cells treated at 37 degrees C are radiosensitive, whereas those treated at 22 degrees C still show protection. The cells are radiosensitized at both temperatures by pretreatment with 0.5 M and 0.05 M NaC1. The ultrastructure of the nucleus observed after the anisotonic treatments suggests that contraction or swelling of chromatin may be associated with the observed variation in radiation sensitivity. PMID- 6669964 TI - [Myasthenia and sleep]. AB - A Central Nervous System (CNS) acetylcholine receptors involvement in Myasthenia Gravis (MG) has been suggested but never fully demonstrated. On the other hand, although the question concerning the neurotransmitters connected to REM sleep is still unsettled, the importance of acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter involved in the maintenance of this sleep stage has been outlined. The spontaneous night sleep organization has been studied in 9 male subjects with MG and results are compared with those obtained in normal subjects matched for age and sex. Statistically significant differences have been found: 1) slow-waves sleep better represented in MG patients; 2) average REM period length shorter in MG patients; 3) instability of the EEG consisting in a tendency toward lightening of sleep. These findings may confirm the presence of a disturbance in the CNS cholinergic activity of MG patients. PMID- 6669965 TI - [Swiss Neurological Society: 75th anniversary . 100th birthday of M. Minkowski. 6 7 May 1983 in Winterthur. Abstracts]. PMID- 6669966 TI - [Communication in "functional" and "dysfunctional" families with adolescent children. I. Verbal communication]. AB - This research studies family communications during the critical period of change provoked by the puberty of one of the children. Two groups of families are compared: one group of 15 "functional" families (no psychological consultation has been requested) and one group of 15 "dysfunctional" families (a psychological consultation has been requested for one of the adolescents). The micro-analysis of the verbal communications reveals a few significant differences between the two groups of families. The results point to structural differences between the family systems. PMID- 6669967 TI - [Mental illness without institutions. A field study in the Canton of Fribourg in 1875]. AB - In 1875, the government of the Canton of Fribourg decided that a field study should be carried out on the number of mentally ill people in their territory. This happened in view of the construction of a new state mental hospital. With the support of members of the local administration, an experienced psychiatric expert examined 164 mentally ill persons, 147 at home and 17 in general hospitals and homes. In the author's report, the sick person's case history, his present state and proposals for treatment cover on average two pages per patient. Almost all of the mentally ill described in this report can quite easily be classified according to the main categories of modern nosology: there are 69 schizophrenics, 28 cases of affective psychoses, 28 mental retardations, and 39 further mental disorders, most of them identifiable as well. The case histories of the patients, too, correspond with the courses of mental illness as we know them today. There is a very high tendency to develop chronic symptoms. 25 patients lived temporarily or permanently like prisoners, locked in and/or tied up, some of them in repellent conditions. This study disproves the following hypotheses: 1. that the symptoms and the course of psychiatric illnesses have changed significantly since the last century, due to the development in civilisation; 2. that the absence of psychiatric hospitalism and psychiatric labelling prevents the worst and most characteristic kind of schizophrenic and affective disorders and their chronification; 3. that the mentally ill were better cared for in a pre industrial and agricultural society without psychiatric care such as the community described in the Fribourg report. PMID- 6669968 TI - [Occupational rehabilitation of patients with mental or psychosomatic disorders. Study of 389 cases]. AB - The study of all the patients sent to the PPU by the disablement insurance in 1975 and 1976 (389 cases). The comparison of the propositions made in medical reports and the actual allowances provided by the disablement insurance reveals the following data: in 326 cases (84%) out of 389, medical doctors only conclude to the presence or absence of a certain rate of disability (from 0 to 100%), to the exclusion of any rehabilitational measure. In 63 cases (16%) measures were proposed such as a professional rehabilitation or a placing in a specialized institution for insertion to a new profession. For this second group, only in 27 cases was the disablement insurance able to follow the medical propositions. Only in 3 cases the measures taken can be considered fully successful, and in 1 case partially successful. All the other measures taken failed. A first examination of the group of 326 cases (propositions only for disablement) which concerned 297 cases also shows a certain number of discordances between the medical propositions and the allowances provided by the disablement insurance. The majority of the discordances has to do with an undervaluation of the rate of disablement by the medical experts. Moreover, the examination of the diagnosis shows that readaptation measures are more easily proposed to patients with psychosomatic complaints, to young men, and allowances rather to women and to patients with obvious psychiatric disorders. The authors discuss some assumptions regarding these observations. PMID- 6669970 TI - [Superstition, faith, delusion]. AB - The superstitious person makes use of various projective mechanisms and establishes a connection between two events or between an object and an event which are not causally related. Superstition can be understood as a narcissistic attempt at compensation by persons lacking self-confidence, who feel themselves to be under an existential threat. Religious belief can be defined as a commitment to an ultimate meaning in life. Absolute faith requires hope, in fact genuine faith is unthinkable without hope. A prerequisite, an underlying emotional substrate, of the development of faith is trust, in the sense of basic trust. A characteristic of genuine religious belief is orthopraxy, the practical application of faith in this world. The integrity of religious belief is in itself vulnerable, since, unlike delusion, it can be modified. Delusion is a disturbance of thought content which is maintained with absolute conviction. The deluded person is not capable of doubting or correcting the false belief. Transition from faith to superstition and vice versa is often fluid. Superstition can be the starting point for delusional ideas. It must be distinguished from delusion and in most cases it is easy to do so. The superstitious person feels secure in his world, while the deluded person breaks out of this security and places himself outside the community, outside the society that supports him. PMID- 6669969 TI - [Attempted suicide and depressive disorders]. AB - 211 persons consecutively seen for parasuicidal behavior by the various services of the CIMH (Central Institute of Mental Health) in Mannheim were investigated with regard to the seriousness of intention and the real risk to die. Seriousness and real risk to die were measured by a scale which was divided into two parts - the interviewer rating scale and the self-rating scale. The highest suicide risk was found in depressed patients. This group showed higher scores on the self- and interviewer rating scale than the non-depressed patients. It could be shown that the high risk of suicidal attempts of depressed patients cannot be explained by the older age of this group. However, it can be assumed that psychological factors, influencing the intention to die, are more important. PMID- 6669971 TI - [Usefulness of the HHM complaint list (Hamburg-Heidelberg-Munich complaint list)]. AB - A study on the Hamburg-Heidelberg-Munchen complaint-list (HHM, v. Zerssen, 1976) raised the question of the clinical usefulness of an overall summation score. 2 samples (215 patients, 326 healthy subjects) participated; emphasis was mainly on patients. From the results obtained through factor analysis the interpretation of a single factor-solution (general factor) is justified. This factor correlated highly with the "neuroticism-", "depression-", and "general well-being" dimensions in inventories like FPI, GT and PND-S. The rotated factor matrix (mineigen greater than or equal to 1) permits a reasonable interpretation of 6 factors. The first and partly the second factor represent domains like mood, well being and drive (factor I: gloomy, depressive mood; factor II: exhaustion, fatigue). Distinctive somatic complaints are muscle and joint pains , breathing and swallowing difficulties, and (less pronounced) gastro-intestinal and urogenital pains. The suggestion and proceeding of other authors is supported, to improve the usefulness of such an inventory by extending distinct somatic psychosomatic complaints. PMID- 6669972 TI - [Catamnestic study of 76 cases of heroin addiction among young adults (5 to 12 year follow-up)]. AB - A group of 76 narcotic addicts (53 male, 23 female) first admitted to the "Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire", Lausanne, between January 1970 and December 1977 were followed up 5 to 12 years later. The average age of first admission was 21,82; the average age of narcotic addition, 19. Over the period, 5.3% died - half directly from their addiction, half by suicide. In 1982 the status of 14,5% was uncertain. Only 13,2% were still known to be using drugs whereas 21% were under treatment (methadone maintenance program: 17,1%) and 2,6% in prison. Thirty-three subjects (43,4%) have achieved stable abstinence, i.e. haven't been using any opioid drug for 5 months before follow-up. Findings on employment and marital status indicated a satisfactory social adjustment for a majority of subjects. PMID- 6669973 TI - [Long-term and short-term patients in a psychiatric university-polyclinic: a comparison of their social indicators using the AMDP system]. AB - Although a remarkable knowledge about socioeconomic variables of psychiatric outpatients has been gathered until now little is known how their social conditions influence their duration of psychiatric service utilization. In this paper two groups of clients of the University Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic of Basle with different durations of treatment were compared by using the social indicators of the AMDP-System: the first group of outpatients has been in treatment for less than one year (short term patients, KZP), the second has been in treatment for more than five years (long term patients, LZP). Long term patients are more often than short term patients unmarried. They live more often in family fragments, are/were less often in professional leading positions and are less often integrated in the labour-market. Before as well as after their first contact to the University Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic long term patients were more often hospitalized in psychiatric clinics. Social sex differences are elaborated for both groups. The heavier institutional dependence of the second group is discussed in the light of their greater social disintegration. The importance of the social indicators as determinators for the institutional selection is stressed. PMID- 6669975 TI - Ten years of the North Karelia Project: results with community-based prevention of coronary heart disease. PMID- 6669974 TI - Housing standards, social group, and respiratory infections in children of Upernavik, Greenland. AB - During one year, contacts with the health service due to respiratory infections- including diseases of ear, nose, and throat--were studied in the 310 children of Upernavik town. 166 contacts were recorded. Children from low socio-economic groups had been expected to have a higher overall contact rate than other children, but this did not prove to be so. The disease pattern of these children was characterized by a low level of contacts due to certain acute respiratory infections and a high level of contacts due to chronic purulent otitis media, compared with children from higher socio-economic groups. The differences did not reach statistical significance, however. PMID- 6669976 TI - Efficacy of reporting systems of adverse reactions to drugs and care. AB - Only 13% of adverse drug reactions that should have been reported to the Committee on Side Effects in Sweden according to the criteria published by the National Board of Health and Welfare, were actually reported by the responsible doctors. This was found in a prospective study of all adverse reactions established in 1 271 patients at a department of infectious diseases. It was also found in retrospect that only half of the patients affected by complications making them eligible for compensation from the Patients' Insurance Office existing in Sweden actually received compensation, while the Drug Insurance Office was better utilized. Various reasons for these low reporting frequencies are discussed. PMID- 6669977 TI - A prospective longitudinal study of abusers of alcohol granted disability pension. AB - The present study was carried out to obtain a better conception of the consequences of disability pension for abusers of alcohol. A total of 78 abusers applied for disability pension during 1 1/2 years in one specific region of the Swedish county of Ostergotland. Fifty-six of 61 individuals who could be contacted and who were examined immediately before they were pensioned, could also be re-examined after 2 years. Two minor matched reference groups, newly pensioned non-abusers and abusers undergoing rehabilitation, were also examined in almost an identical way with a 2-year interval. In contrast to common expectations, the pensioned abusers demonstrated positive changes in their reported abuse, psychiatric status, self-rated well-being, nutritional status and mental test performance, as regards perceptual analysis and figurative memory. Their social and structural situation as well as their daily activities were fairly constant. The results are discussed particularly with regard to the selection of examination occasions, the international evaluational research on treatment for alcoholics and the course of alcoholism. It is advocated that the results should be interpreted with caution and not taken as indications for granting pensions to an even greater extent. However, it can be concluded that the examined pensioned abusers showed improvement rather than impairment. This is the fifth report in a series from the research project "Abuse of alcohol - Disability pension - Quality of life". PMID- 6669978 TI - Personality variations in population: intelligence. AB - The present study was designed to chart the distribution of cognitive factors in an adult population. The material consisted of a representative sample of persons aged 18-65 years, living in the county of Stockholm (except for the city of Stockholm) in 1970. The total selection was 3 064 persons. These persons were invited to a hospital for a health examination, covering both physical and mental health. Psychometric tests were included. In the study of cognitive factors the rate of non-response corresponded to 18.7% of the sample (males 20.7%, females 16.6%). The tool of examination was the Dureman-Salde test battery. It is shown that men score rather higher than women in analytical and spatial but not in verbal ability. Analytical ability declines steadily throughout the age spectrum. Spatial ability shows a declining trend from he age group 36-45 years. Verbal ability is best in the age group 36-45 years and here the reduction in higher ages is very limited. A positive correlation of considerable degree exists between social group and the intelligence factors. This applies particularly to verbal and spatial ability and the overall measures. The connection with logical inductive ability is quantitatively much less impressive. As regards verbal and spatial ability, there is an age-related tendency to a widened gap between social groups. Standardization for social group in tests is advocated in practical use. PMID- 6669980 TI - [2-dimensional echocardiography in acquired heart valve defects]. AB - A fundamental improvement in the diagnosis of acquired valvular defects has been achieved by the introduction of two-dimensional echocardiography. For the first time, it has now become possible to visualize the underlying morphological changes direct and true to anatomy. Additional information is supplied by a detailed study of the dynamics of the affected valve. At present, limited information only can be obtained in respect of the haemodynamic severity of the defect. In the near future, however, we may expect advances also in quantitative respect, from a combination of this method with Doppler echocardiography or contrast echocardiography. PMID- 6669979 TI - Imaging by nuclear magnetic resonance. PMID- 6669981 TI - [Echocardiography diagnosis of infarct complications]. AB - Congestive heart failure, shock or severe arrythmias after myocardial infarction can be caused by mechanical complications suitable for surgical correction. These complications - such as aneurysms, rupture of the ventricular wall, septum or papillary muscle, pericardial tamponade - are reliably detected or excluded by echocardiography. Additional aspects related to the surgical techniques can be evaluated, moinly the resectability of left ventricular aneurysms. From these, pseudoaneurysms bearing a high risk of rupture can be differentiated. The causes of systolic murmurs after myocardial infarction - septal rupture, papillary muscle rupture or dysfunction - can be classified definitely. The diagnosis of Dressler's syndrome is facilitated by echocardiographic demonstration of pericardial effusion. PMID- 6669983 TI - [Contrast echocardiography--limits and possibilities in cardiologic diagnosis]. AB - After injection of biocompatible fluids, contrast echocardiograms are obtained by ultrasound reflection from microbubbles in the streaming blood, which is thus opacified analogous to angiocardiography. As the microbubbles cannot pass the pulmonary capillaries, left heart contrasts are usually not seen after peripheral venous injection. Especially intracardiac shunts and valvular deficiencies may be recognized by this technique, which became an important diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease and in critically ill patients. The blurred border between the opacified cavity and the myocardium may be abolished by digital image enhancement techniques, applied to contrast echocardiograms, thus making these pictures more suitable for volume determination and ventricular function analysis than non-contrast echocardiograms. Newer contrast agents such as mini-microbubbles are able to pass the pulmonary vascular bed after venous injection. Furthermore, myocardial perfusion studies are being conducted in animals by opacification of the myocardium with echo contrast agents in order to detect ischaemic areas. PMID- 6669982 TI - [Quantification of the function of the left ventricle using 2-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - Left ventricular volumes and the ejection fraction can be determined by two dimensional echocardiography. Because of methodological problems, cineventriculographic normal values can not be transferred to two-dimensional echocardiography. Therefore, normal values for two-dimensional echocardiographically determined left ventricular volumes and the ejection fraction were established in 55 normal controls. Basing on these volumes, the sensitivity and specificity of two-dimensional echocardiography for detection of impaired left ventricular function was analysed and compared with results from cineventriculography. Sensitivity for detection of a reduced ejection fraction was 84%, specificity 89% and predictive accuracy 98%. Thus, two-dimensional echocardiography can be used as a screening method for analysing left ventricular function. Analysis of beat-to-beat variation revealed that for two-dimensional echocardiography 3 consecutive beats should be analysed because evaluation of 5 instead of 3 beats increased reliability only by less than 1%. It was necessary to analyse the day-to-day variations. To separate a random error from a non random error for an individual change, an absolute change of volumes of more than 10-12% and of ejection fraction of more than 10% had to be observed. Group changes can of course be smaller and yet significant. Intraobserver variation was not significant and below 5%. However, interobserver variability must be considered. This depends on observer experience. For a 4-chamber view no significant variability was observed, but for the RAO-equivalent view the observer variation was significant for end-diastolic and end-systolic volume. For the ejection fraction no significant difference was found. Two-dimensional echocardiography can be used for pharmacodynamic studies if percentage changes instead of absolute changes are listed. PMID- 6669984 TI - [2-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography: comparison of echocardiographic and anatomic section pictures]. AB - Conventional two-dimensional echocardiography has become a well established tool for evaluation of cardiovascular diseases. Recent introduction of two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography has widened the ultrasonic examination possibilities for the heart and the great vessels. This paper describes 6 standard transesophageal transducer positions which have proven to be representative and of diagnostic value. In order to facilitate structure identification and interpretation of the anatomic relation transesophageal recordings were compared with corresponding anatomic sections. PMID- 6669985 TI - The prognostic role of progesterone receptors in human breast cancer. AB - Estrogen-receptor protein is known to be an important prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer. The presence of estrogen receptor correlates with response to endocrine therapy in patients with metastatic disease and is associated with prolonged disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with primary disease. But the correlation between estrogen-receptor positivity and endocrine dependence is not perfect--approximately 40% of estrogen-receptor positive tumors fail to regress with endocrine therapy. It has been hypothesized that another protein, progesterone receptor, may be a more effective marker of endocrine responsiveness since progesterone receptor is an end product of estrogen action. Promising retrospective results indicate the need for new, prospective clinical trials to define further the prognostic value of progesterone receptor for patients with advanced disease. For patients with primary breast cancer, we have found that progesterone receptor appears to be more important than estrogen receptor for predicting time to recurrence. We suggest that both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor be routinely measured in all breast cancer tumors. PMID- 6669986 TI - Rational approaches to the hormonal treatment of breast cancer. AB - Clinical observations have shown that approximately one third of breast malignancies respond to hormonal manipulation, resulting in palliation of disease and increased survival. The need to increase the benefits of such therapy and minimize morbidity has encouraged a search for a better means of patient selection. Clinical and biologic characteristics have not been sufficiently reliable in differentiating hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tumors. The presence of estrogen receptors is the best indicator of hormone dependency. The role of progesterone receptors is still under investigation, but the response rate in patients with both types of receptors appears to be increased. Therapy for the patient with an estrogen-receptor-positive tumor is a function of her menopausal status. For the premenopausal woman, oophorectomy is the treatment of choice; in the postmenopausal patient, tamoxifen is currently most frequently used. Selection of a specific therapy, however, must be based on consideration of relative efficacy and toxicity. Response rates with antiestrogens, progestational agents, and aromatase inhibitors are similar but toxicities differ. All are preferable to ablative procedures, which are irreversible and require replacement therapy for the duration of life. PMID- 6669987 TI - Hormonal therapy of gynecologic cancers. AB - Progestins produce objective responses in about 30% of unselected patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the uterus. Selection of patients for treatment based on the presence of progesterone receptors may increase the probability of a response. There is little evidence to support a role of hormones as adjuvants in the primary management of poor-risk patients or in combination with chemotherapy. Antiestrogens may have a role as secondary agents in adenocarcinoma of the uterus, and progestins may have a role as secondary agents in ovarian cancer. PMID- 6669988 TI - Eradication of malaria from Singapore. PMID- 6669989 TI - Liaison psychiatry--referral pattern in a general hospital. PMID- 6669990 TI - Plasma theophylline levels in asthmatic children in Singapore. A preliminary study. PMID- 6669991 TI - Symptoms and peak expiratory flow rate: response to a slow release theophylline preparation. PMID- 6669992 TI - Vitamin A levels in lung cancer patients. A case-control study. PMID- 6669993 TI - Rehabilitation of the Guillain-Barre syndrome at the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore. PMID- 6669994 TI - Colposcopic diagnosis of cervical neoplasia. PMID- 6669995 TI - Augmentin (Amoxycillin and clavulanic acid) in the treatment of urinary tract infections and skin and soft tissue infections. PMID- 6669996 TI - Once daily 50 mg Atenolol in the treatment of mild and moderate hypertension. PMID- 6669997 TI - Myotonic dystrophy and hyperthyroidism--a case report. PMID- 6669998 TI - Pulmonary effects of acute exposure to nitrous fumes--a case report. PMID- 6669999 TI - Health and development in Africa. PMID- 6670000 TI - Planning and politics of resource allocation for primary health care: promotion of meaningful national policy. AB - Securing resources for primary health care (PHC) involves consideration of the entire health sector: the higher levels of the health service as well as the primary level, and the private and/or social security sub-sectors as well as the government service. Reshaping resource distribution is less a redistribution of existing resources than the allocation of new resources in accordance with PHC priorities. In this the planning of future current costs is a crucial element and requires a budgetary system that identifies expenditures by geographical area and level of care. Resources should be allocated geographically to reduce health care inequalities through the provision of an appropriate mix of different levels of care. Central resource planning and local health care programming (with 'dialogue' between the two) should be the basic planning division of labour, which largely resolves the so-called top-down/bottom-up dichotomy. The private medical sub-sector exerts economic, ideological and political influences on the public health service. Compulsory health insurance schemes can have some similar effects. Success of a PHC policy requires that governments adopt a holistic approach to the health sector. The allocation of health care resources on the bases of need and equity, as opposed to demand, is a political decision. The establishment of a national PHC policy backed up by adequate resources involves a specific politico-technical exercise with four components: research, planning, policy formulation, and government policy decision-making. The resource planning method, based on social epidemiology, is contrasted with conventional health planning methods, based on epidemiology. The articulation of these two approaches is discussed in terms of WHO's Managerial Process for National Health Development. PMID- 6670001 TI - Some observations about health development in three African socialist countries: Ethiopia, Mozambique and Tanzania. PMID- 6670002 TI - Vertical vs horizontal health programmes in Africa: idealism, pragmatism, resources and efficiency. AB - Argument still rages over whether vertical health programmes--attacking one or a few health problems--should still be set up in developing countries, or whether all their efforts should be devoted to establishing a horizontal multiproblem approach such as primary health care. This paper argues that the debate can be made rather more informed firstly by a consideration of the technologies available to improve health and the methods of delivery to which they are most suited; secondly by a consideration of their effectiveness and the organisational feasibility of different strategies of delivery, and finally, by investigation of the total costs and cost-effectiveness of different delivery systems. Particular attention is given to the contribution of economic analysis to elucidating these issues, and a variety of cost-effectiveness studies are reviewed to see what information is available on the way in which particular health programmes such as malaria control and immunisation activities can be organised in order to maximise their cost-effectiveness. PMID- 6670003 TI - Jamaica: a case study in health development. AB - Jamaica is a sub-tropical country with a population of 2.2 million, ethnically and culturally related to West Africa. Its level of health in 1920 was similar to that of the poorest sub-Saharan countries today, but improved steadily during the period to 1980 and is now not far from that of many developed countries. The factors responsible for health development include basic public health measures, improved medical technology and increasing incomes, literacy and public awareness of health matters, the balance between them varying over time; the emergence of a sense of national commitment on the part of health professionals is also important. While the Jamaican case demonstrates the feasibility of health development as the basis of modest national resources it is emphasised that each country is likely to find its own path to better health. International data are used to show the wide variations between developing countries in their present access to health resources. PMID- 6670004 TI - The state of health as a reflection of the level of development of a nation. AB - This paper attempts to demonstrate that the state of health is a good indicator of the level of development of a nation. Defining health as a physical and mental condition of an individual, it argues that a nation is healthy if the mental and physical needs of the generality of its citizens are adequately met. These needs include not only health services and available physicians and hospitals, but also good nutrition and water supply, comfortable housing, literacy, as well as a generally clean environment and habits. Reviewing the various ways development has been defined and measured, the paper pointed out a major shortcoming--the neglect of individual well-being. It maintains, however, that this shortcoming has been recognized and that efforts to rectify it have tended to illuminate the relationship between health and development. Health therefore becomes both a factor in and a powerful indicator of development. The paper then tries to relate certain health problems to the level of development. Finally, some of the implications of the discussion for development are highlighted. PMID- 6670005 TI - Health care in the developing world: the role of economists and economics. AB - This paper does not address itself to high theory or to complex methodologies; nor does it offer any detailed illumination of key economic concepts. Rather, it focuses on the role of economists and economics (not the same thing) in the formulation of health policies, and in influencing an evaluation of health strategies appropriate to the requirements of the developing world. The paper argues that the 'climate' has changed sufficiently in the developing world to promote a close interest in the economics of health and health care. Evidence exists of a growing willingness to employ economists and economic analysis to resource allocation issues within the health sector. Accordingly, a glossary of economic concepts in presented to demonstrate that economics does possess certain ideas, distinct from other disciplines, which can be of considerable value to health planners and health managers alike. The text also sets out, in tabular form, many of the key questions that should be of close interest to policy makers, and indicates the economic concepts and techniques that can be applied. At the same time, it is noted that there are very real conceptual and methodological problems likely to be faced by those wishing to apply economic reasoning to the health sector. The paper then moves on from analysis to consider implementation, and investigates the political constraints and institutional barriers to the acceptance of economic analysis in the health sector. In the past, the nature of the economics of health has sometimes been considered improper, i.e. views have been expressed that services should be made available to those for whom they may be beneficial, as a matter of right without regard to economics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6670006 TI - Economic issues in disease control and eradication. AB - This paper examines some of the methodological and measurement issues in assessing benefits and costs of vertical disease control and/or eradication projects. The paper also discusses the impact of improved health on rural output and employment first in a simplified model and then in connection with the target group, or group at risk, approach to disease control. The paper concludes with some general discussion of the interaction between health and development. PMID- 6670007 TI - Religiosity and health behaviour in Africa. AB - African medicine has in the past been misunderstood and misrepresented in Western scholarship--to the extent that medicine-men have been called 'witch-doctors'. In this article the author makes an attempt to show what is behind African medicine and to give it a positive interpretation. PMID- 6670008 TI - Making medical education relevant to health care systems. AB - Medical education must be made relevant, and this implies that it must train its students towards the local health care system. If behavioural objectives are defined which must be attained before a student graduates, and before he can function effectively in a health unit, areas which need emphasis are revealed. Communication is a skill which can be left to clinical training: but it is best learned very early in the community, where the student is the supplicant, and not in the hospital where he is dominant. Early community experience can mould a student's attitudes fundamentally and can make him realise the need for work with members of a health team within a health care unit. If education is dogma centred, and the student is not trained to ask questions early he will not be able to function effectively in any community: modern medical education should be problem-dominated, community-directed and learner-centered. If it is centred on the learner he will become equipped with the ability for independent study and a desire to learn, to improve himself and help other members of the health team throughout his professional career. PMID- 6670009 TI - Health and culture in an African society. PMID- 6670010 TI - [Improving sanitary and medical services for miners]. PMID- 6670011 TI - [Complex measures for improving the health of chemical industry workers]. PMID- 6670012 TI - [Ideological and political education of physicians during training and professional work]. PMID- 6670013 TI - [Complex activities of specialists of the Central District Hospital]. PMID- 6670014 TI - Cervical intraextradural hematoma secondary to radicular artery injury: a case report. AB - A young man presented with a 5-year history of high cervical pain after a blunt blow to the neck and clinical evidence of myelopathy. Preoperative radiographic findings, including metrizamide myelography, CT scan, and vertebral angiography, were consistent with a right C2-3 "dumbell" shaped intradural-extradural tumor. At surgery a firm red-grey mass was found beneath an abnormally thin right C2-3 facet joint. This mass was both intradural and extradural and extended laterally through the root canal to merge with an area of dense adhesions surrounding the vertebral artery. Pathological examination showed no tumor and was consistent with chronic, organized hematoma. Aspects of this unique case of intradural extradural hematoma in the distribution of a radicular vessel, and possible etiologic considerations are discussed. PMID- 6670015 TI - Calcified chronic spinal subdural hematoma demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - Spinal subdural hematoma is a rare clinical condition that may result in spinal cord compression. The authors present a patient with chronic calcified spinal subdural hematoma demonstrated by computerized tomography. Surgical removal resulted in clinical improvement. PMID- 6670016 TI - The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. AB - From a retrospective study of 412 thoracolumbar injuries, the author introduces the concept of middle column or middle osteoligamentous complex between the traditionally recognized posterior ligamentous complex and the anterior longitudinal ligament. This middle column is formed by the posterior wall of the vertebral body, the posterior longitudinal ligament and posterior annulus fibrosus. The third column appears crucial, as the mode of its failure correlates both with the type of spinal fracture and with its neurological injury. Spinal injuries were subdivided into minor and major. Minor injuries are represented by fractures of transverse processes, facets, pars interarticularis, and spinous process. Major spinal injuries are classified into four different categories: compression fractures, burst fractures, seat-belt-type injuries, and fracture dislocations. These four well-recognized injuries have been studied carefully in clinical terms as well as on roentgenograms and computerized axial tomograms. They were then subdivided into subtypes demonstrating the very wide spectrums of these four entities. The correlation between the three-column system, the classification, the stability, and the therapeutic indications are presented. PMID- 6670017 TI - Utilization of somatosensory evoked cortical potentials in spinal cord injury. Prognostic limitations. AB - The prognostic value of somatosensory evoked cortical potentials (SECP) for clinical recovery was studied in 71 patients with complete (28) and incomplete (43) spinal injuries. While the absence of an SECP was associated with no clinical recovery, the presence of an SECP was of little value in predicting the clinical state at the time of examination or the potential for recovery. PMID- 6670018 TI - An analysis of posture and gait following spinal fusion with Harrington instrumentation. AB - This study was stimulated by a paretic spinal injury patient who required crutches for a forward lean, which his trunk developed following spinal instrumentation. Ten patients who underwent Harrington instrumentation to correct scoliosis also displayed reduced lordosis. Partial compensation by increased lumbosacral angle occurred when this joint was open. The patients' standing posture and that of 11 normal adults were assessed with the visible vector system. Five stood with excessive hip hyperextension and three had exaggerated knee flexion. The latter three also demonstrated, during walking, inadequate terminal swing knee extension with excessive knee flexion and ankle dorsi-flexion during stance. There was increased frontal and sagittal sway in four patients. PMID- 6670019 TI - The effect of lumbar flexion and Boston Thoracic Brace on the curves in idiopathic scoliosis. AB - The correction of scoliosis induced by pure lumbar flexion was compared with the correction with the so-called Boston Thoracic Brace. Ten patients with idiopathic scoliosis were studied. There were 11 primary curves (31 +/- 6 degrees) (mainly thoracic) and four secondary curves (22 +/- 1 degree). Pure lumbar flexion reduced the primary curves by 6 +/- 2 degrees and the secondary curves by 8 +/- 3 degrees. The brace reduced the curves by 16 +/- 6 degrees and 14 +/- 5 degrees, respectively. Lumbar flexion per se produces a correction of the scoliosis of the same degree as the Milwaukee brace. Our results emphasize the importance of reduction of the lumbar lordosis in the conservative treatment of scoliosis. PMID- 6670020 TI - Deformation of the vertebral end-plate under axial loading of the spine. AB - When the published data on the radial disc bulge in relation to the axial compression of the motion segment are compared to a simple mechanical model, it follows that an axial inward bulge of the vertebral endplates should occur during compression. The model predicts that the disc height at its center should remain practically constant under compression. The axial endplate bulge has been measured in specimens of the human lumbar spine by stereoroentgen-photogrammetric methods. The results confirm the prediction that the axial endplate bulge is comparable in magnitude to the linear compression of the motion segment. Axial endplate bulge and deformation of the underlying trabecular bone are thus important determinants for the compression characteristics of the human spine. PMID- 6670021 TI - Variations in the nutrition of the canine intervertebral disc induced by motion. AB - In this experiment study, we have investigated some transport and metabolic parameters of the canine intervertebral disc induced by spinal motion. The movements of the spine were obtained during supervised exercise, where either moderate, violent, or specific movements were performed. The results show changes in the metabolic rates as well as in concentration profiles of metabolites of the exercised groups in comparison to the control group. An increasing aerobic metabolism was noted in the outer part of the annulus and in the central part of the nucleus pulposus, resulting in a reduction of the lactate concentration. These findings do indicate that spinal movements, over a longer period of time give rise to positive nutritional variations. Furthermore, the reported changes might be of significance also for the human lumbar disc problem, since previous studies have demonstrated nutritional similarities between the discs of dogs and men. PMID- 6670022 TI - A comparison of sonography and myelography in clinically suspected spinal stenosis. AB - Anterio-posterior measurements of the subarachnoidal space of the lumbar spinal canal were obtained by myelography and by ultrasound. The correlation between the measurements is low and the distribution of the regression coefficient is considerable. The usefulness of diagnostic ultrasound as a screening procedure for patients with clinically suspected spinal stenosis, therefore, is limited. The noninvasive ultrasound method, nevertheless, has a certain value for selecting patients for myelography. An ultrasound measurement of 14 mm or more will exclude that the corresponding anterio-posterior measurement obtained at myelography is 8 mm or below. PMID- 6670023 TI - The Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's lumbar spine analysis form: a prospective study of patients with "spinal stenosis". AB - A form for accurate and reproducible record keeping was introduced into the orthopedic practice of one author at Rush--Presbyterian--St. Luke's Medical Center (RPSLMC) in 1976 and has been used in the evaluation of each new patient with a lumbar spine problem since that time. In order to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of this form, a small subset of these patients (i.e., those with "spinal stenosis") who had had decompressive surgical treatment were recalled, reexamined, and the form redone completely. The format of the form then was changed (without changing the content) in order to give a numeric score to the various clinical subcategories covered in the history and physical examination. Within the parameters studied, significant changes were found in both of the major categories of pain and objective physical findings. This suggested that patients with "spinal stenosis" obtained definite, measurable benefit from surgical decompression during the period of 1-3 years following their surgery. PMID- 6670024 TI - The knee--elbow position in lumbar disc surgery: a review of complications. AB - Follow-up studies were carried out in 1962, 1977, and 1981 on 35% or 943 or our 2690 patients operated upon from 1950 through 1981 for lumbar disc herniation. Seven hundred and twenty-four were done with and 1848 without spinal fusion. There were 11.2% operative, 8.3% postoperative and 18.9% late complications. Sepsis occurred in 2 patients (0.2%). Thrombosis decreased from 10% in the 1950s to 4% in the 1960s and to zero in the late 1970s. Reoperations were performed in 10.8% of the fused and in 23.6% of the nonfused patients. There were no serious vascular injuries and no postoperative deaths. Serious complications from lumbar disc surgery with the patient in the knee--elbow position occur rarely and ought to be avoided. Posterior spinal fusion seems to give better protection against recurrence of pain than simple removal of the herniated disc material. PMID- 6670025 TI - Spondylolysis of the axis. Report of four cases. AB - Spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis of the cervical spine, especially of the upper cervical spine, is very rare. The authors report four cases of spondylolysis of the axis and outline its roentgenographic features for differential diagnosis. The clinical course of the cases and the unvarying roentgenographic findings throughout the course strongly suggest that the lesion is congenital in origin. PMID- 6670026 TI - Atlantoaxial rotary fixation. Report of a case with massive displacement. PMID- 6670027 TI - Double lumen sign as demonstrated by computerized tomography in spine dislocation. PMID- 6670028 TI - Computed tomographic demonstration of spinal metastases. PMID- 6670030 TI - Forestier's disease and lumbar stenosis. PMID- 6670029 TI - A new orthosis for immediate postoperative bracing in idiopathic scoliosis. AB - The "crutch-type scoliosis brace" and the KSO are leather covered aluminum braces, which have been successfully used in treating scoliosis patients at the Kosair Spinal Deformity Center both nonoperatively and postoperatively. This report defines the measurements, materials, and construction details for effective use of these braces and reports the very encouraging results of the KSO in a group of instrumented idiopathic scoliotic patients. PMID- 6670031 TI - [Personal experience in hemodialysis therapy in children with terminal renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6670032 TI - [Inborn errors of pyruvic and lactic acid metabolism in children]. PMID- 6670033 TI - [Gout and hypertension]. PMID- 6670034 TI - [Neurologic changes in patients with malignant hemopathies]. PMID- 6670035 TI - [The skeletal relations of the renal veins and their clinical significance]. PMID- 6670036 TI - [The role of rehabilitation in children with neurologic diseases]. PMID- 6670037 TI - [The genetics of ulcer diseases. Problems and perspectives]. PMID- 6670038 TI - [A large intracranial meningioma presenting as a case of transient cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 6670039 TI - [An unusual course of osteomyelofibrosis in a female patient]. PMID- 6670040 TI - [The biochemical basis of modern theories of aging]. PMID- 6670041 TI - Recent changes to the Railroad Retirement Act. PMID- 6670042 TI - Chile changes its health care system. PMID- 6670043 TI - Knowledge of Social Security: survivor families with young children. AB - This article addresses how well informed survivor family heads are regarding Social Security program provisions that are specifically relevant to them and to their families. Based on responses to 10 questions on benefit provisions, the evaluation finds that among three groups of beneficiaries--widowers, current widows, and remarried widows--widowers were least well informed. Overall, about 23 percent of all widows (compared with only 6 percent of the widowers) were able to correctly respond to 8 or more of the 10 questions. The strongest of the three subject areas of program knowledge--child's benefits, spouse's benefits, and work and earnings provisions--was the child's benefits area. The relative differences between widows and widowers in their knowledge in this area were not as large as in the other two areas. The article concludes that the heads of most survivor beneficiary units were aware of the program provisions they need to know to participate effectively in the program, indicating that this population is well served by the agency information system. PMID- 6670044 TI - Time, social change, and social work. AB - The nature of time and social change is considered from two points of view, the linear and the synergistic. The implications of both for social work in health care are considered, related to the teachings of Hyman J. Weiner and to an ecological perspective. PMID- 6670045 TI - Diagnosing the hospital team. AB - The process of teaming offers an expanded resource for diagnosis and problem solving. The interactions of team members will reflect both system and patient care problems. But those interactions also tend to pull the team apart. In order to survive, the team needs to understand the ways in which its conflicts reflect unresolved contradictions and paradoxes in society, in the patient, and in the health care system. Institutional support for health care teams will depend on the extent to which those in power come to rely on a collaborative process to fulfill their own objectives. PMID- 6670046 TI - Group intervention: a psychosocial and educational approach to open heart surgery patients and their families. AB - Fear and apprehension usually accompany surgery on the human heart. Experience and research have demonstrated that many patients who have undergone open heart surgery have less than optimal psychological outcomes. This article describes the response of one university hospital to the physiological and psychological needs of the cardiovascular surgery patient during the final phase of hospitalization. To give patients and families an opportunity to deal with their questions and concerns about discharge, one-sessional educational support groups are co-led by a social worker and cardiovascular nurse specialist. The development and implementation of patient and relative groups and the process through which a more comprehensive program evolved are described. An analysis of the experience and conclusions and recommendations for the future are reviewed. PMID- 6670047 TI - Predicting patterns of social work staffing in hospital settings. AB - One long-standing problem of social work departments in acute care hospitals has been their diverse patterns of staffing. The lack of a standard or guide has tended to diminish the utilization of social work services in hospital settings. Over a period of six years, the Society for Hospital Social Work Directors of the American Hospital Association developed and revised a guide for inpatient staffing. The guide is designed to assist hospital and social work administrators establish an inpatient line staffing plan which is based on the number of hospital beds, the number of patients to be served and the number of functions carried. The logic of the inquiry and the findings can serve as a base for future research in inpatient, ambulatory care and other settings which serve special populations. PMID- 6670048 TI - Towards more effective intervention in natural helping networks. AB - Fiscal constraints which are promoting a retreat from social welfare programming place increasing responsibility for care on natural helping networks of family and friends. Research has identified several characteristics of informal networks which are associated with support such as density, reciprocity, homogeneity, and multiplexity. Professional interventions have also responded to the potential supports available in networks. Professional practice concentrates primarily on self-help groups and the use of key persons in networks. There is, however, little correspondence between research findings and professional approaches to intervention. Little has been done to determine the possible impact of formal service provision on the dynamics of informal networks. More effective intervention in informal networks must consider the limitations of current practice, the development of assessment instruments, and the changes in network structures and processes over time. PMID- 6670049 TI - Internal and external barriers to obtaining prenatal care. AB - Few studies have examined the reasons women do not obtain medical care during their pregnancies. A retrospective case review of 70 patients in a large metropolitan hospital who received minimal prenatal care examined demographic variables and reasons women gave for not seeking care. Data suggested there are both internal and external barriers to care. More women cited reasons including depression, denial, and fear than cited financial or transportation problems. Implications for social work intervention in the hospital and in the community are drawn from the data and discussed. PMID- 6670050 TI - Issues for hospitals in educating social work students for social work practice in health care settings. AB - Conflicting values and issues emerge when hospital and professional school converge to educate the next generation of the profession. These values derive from issues of authority, responsibility, accountability, status, communication, and mutuality. This paper identifies their occurrence, describes a method for managing them, and delineates a hospital social work department's role in developing an educationally based, practice focused practicum site. The components and results of the relationship between the department and the school, including details of the practicum model, are discussed. PMID- 6670051 TI - Hepatic alterations in rats fed ethanol at two levels of lipotropes. AB - Two groups of rats were fed for 4 months either a lipotrope deficient (E-D) or a lipotrope supplemented (E-S) diet, both containing about 30% of total calories as ethanol (E). Two control groups consumed similar lipotrope deficient (S-D) and lipotrope supplemented (S-S) diets, but with sucrose (S) replacing ethanol. The rate of ethanol disappearance, microsomal protein content and total microsomal H2O2 generation were about 50% higher in the E-D group than in the other groups. Morphological studies revealed moderate to severe fatty changes only in the livers of the lipotrope deficient groups (E-D; S-D), while mitochondrial enlargement was observed only in the alcohol fed groups (E-S; E-D), particularly in the E-S group. State 3 respiratory rates with succinate and with malate glutamate as substrates were about 50% reduced in the liver mitochondria of the animals of the E-S group, as compared with the other groups. From these results it is inferred that the lipotrope supplemented diet effectively prevented the alcoholic fatty liver but counteracted the alcohol-associated increases of ethanol oxidation rate, microsomal protein content and total microsomal H2O2 generation. On the other hand, the lipotrope supplemented diet was a necessary factor for the impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory function observed after chronic ethanol feeding. PMID- 6670052 TI - Alcohol and state-dependent learning. AB - This paper reviews several attempts to demonstrate state-dependent (St.D) effects from alcohol and reports a study in which the subject's state (sober or intoxicated) produces a 'dissociation' decrement in recall performance only when the drug state differed from that under which the original learning took place. Thirty-two subjects were used in a 2 x 2 design with moderate doses of alcohol (mean BAC = 81 mg/100 ml). In a second study, with 16 volunteers, alcohol was administered immediately after learning in order to distinguish between 'stimulus' and 'storage' hypotheses. Greater retention was found for those subjects whose drug states were the same in memory consolidation and retrieval. Thus, an alcohol state effective during the memory consolidation interval following acquisition appears to be a sufficient condition for producing St.D learning. In this context, St.D learning might be better termed state-dependent memory storage and retrieval. The implications of these results for the aetiology and treatment of alcohol dependence are discussed. PMID- 6670053 TI - Overall evaluation of treatment modalities for heroin addiction in a toxicology unit. AB - A survey of treatment results is presented, using a variety of guidelines for the therapy of different features of heroin addiction in a toxicology unit. Data on 3,211 inpatients under treatment from 1972 are analyzed separately, as well as the follow-up status of 1,262 outpatients who were enrolled in a methadone treatment program. The results are discussed in terms of reliability of the programs and their risk-benefit ratios for the community. PMID- 6670055 TI - Changes of lipid peroxidation in mouse brain crude synaptosomal preparations in relation to the development and disappearance of tolerance to ethanol. AB - A single dose of ethanol induced a bimodal increase of Fe++- and ascorbic acid stimulated lipid peroxidation in mouse brain crude synaptosomal preparations. This effect of ethanol was lost in preparations from ethanol tolerant animals and reappeared when the animals recovered from tolerance after withdrawal from ethanol treatments. The parallel changes in lipid peroxidation of brain crude synaptosomal preparations with the development and disappearance of tolerance to ethanol imply that the effect of ethanol on brain lipid may be directly associated with its mechanism in the CNS. PMID- 6670054 TI - Effect of L-tryptophan pretreatment on d-amphetamine self administration. AB - Pretreatment with doses of the amino acid, L-tryptophan, known to increase brain serotonin levels, markedly reduced the number of intravenous self-injections of d amphetamine in rats previously demonstrating stable self-administration patterns. This attenuation of response was dose dependent in both magnitude and duration. Pretreatment with L-tryptophan did not alter the response rate in animals trained on an FR-40 food reinforced paradigm. L-tryptophan administration did not alter the apparent turnover of dopamine in nucleus accumbens septi, important since manipulation of dopamine in this brain area exerts a marked influence on psychomotor stimulant self-administration. These results are consistent with previous reports suggesting a role of serotonergic neurons in the self administration of d-amphetamine. PMID- 6670056 TI - Nicotine potentiates sodium pentobarbital but not ethanol induced sleep. AB - Nicotine potentiates, in a dose dependent manner, the sleep time induced by sodium pentobarbital but not by ethanol. Mecamylamine, a nicotinic receptor antagonist, blocked the nicotine induced increase in sleep time. Atropine itself reduced sleep time but did not change the nicotine effect. It is hypothesized that the central and the peripheral nicotinic receptors play an important role in potentiating sodium pentobarbital induced sleep time. PMID- 6670057 TI - Extent of retention of 2-monoglyceride backbone of diet fat in alcohol-induced fatty liver. AB - This study was carried out to determine whether hepatic triglyceride (TG) synthesis is a major determinant in the development of fatty liver induced by chronic ethanol ingestion. For this purpose, the degree to which the 2 monoglyceride (MG) backbone of dietary fat was retained in the accumulated TG of fatty liver was examined. Triglycerides were isolated from diet and from the liver and plasma of rats maintained for four weeks on a Lieber-DeCarli liquid ethanol diet. Pancreatic lipase hydrolysis of the TG from these three sources was carried out and the MG produced was analyzed for the fatty acid composition. Almost all of TG in fatty liver and that released to plasma retained the MG structure which originated from diet fat. This result demonstrates that the de novo glyceride synthesis or transacylation reactions do not have a major role in the production of TG in alcohol-induced fatty liver. PMID- 6670058 TI - Acceleration of ethanol metabolism by administration of uridine diphosphate(UDP) in rat. AB - To see if UDP accelerates the metabolism of ethanol, Wistar female rats were given UDP(100 mg/kg b.w.) intra-gastrically prior to a single dose of ethanol (3 g/kg b.w.) ingestion. UDP pretreatment accelerated blood ethanol disappearance rate by 50% (mg/kg animal/hr) by Widmark formula. Increases of the hepatic triglyceride concentration 6 hours and 20 hours after ethanol administration were significantly low in UDP pretreated animals suggesting the lipotropic effect of UDP. Neither the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase nor microsomal ethanol oxidizing system was affected by UDP pretreatment. The ratio of lactate to pyruvate in liver 6 hours after ethanol was not changed as compared with that of the control whether the rats were pretreated with UDP or not. There were significant increases in hepatic ATP content and the size of the adenylate pool in UDP pretreated group, whereas the energy charge was unchanged as compared with ethanol-alone group. These data suggest that UDP enhances ethanol metabolism possibly by causing a change in ATP metabolism. PMID- 6670059 TI - Methadone plasma levels and persistent drug abuse in high dose maintenance patients. AB - Methadone maintenance patients who maintained on a high daily dose were divided into good performers and poor performers based on whether they demonstrated persistent use of heroin, non-prescription diazepam, and/or excessive alcohol consumption. Mean methadone plasma levels 24 hours after an oral dose of 80 mg were found to be 410.4 ng/ml in good performers compared to 101.8 ng/ml in poor performers (P less than .05). Seven of nine (77.8%) poor compared to two of 15 (13.3%) good performers had 24-hour methadone plasma levels under 50 ng/ml (P less than .01). High dose methadone patients who show evidence of persistent drug or alcohol abuse should have their 24-hour methadone plasma level determined to help assess whether the patient should receive more methadone or find an alternative treatment. PMID- 6670060 TI - Des-Gly9-[Arg8]-vasopressin may facilitate methadone detoxification of heroin addicts. AB - Mild to moderate heroin addicts started on ambulatory detoxification with methadone were sublingually treated with placebo or desglycinamide9-arginine8 vasopressin (DGAVP, 1 mg/day) for 5 days using a double-blind design. Treatment with DGAVP (6 patients) led to a longer time course of clinic attendance and resulted in a higher percentage of successful detoxifications as compared to placebo treatment (6 patients). The analyses of urine samples revealed that DGAVP treatment decreased the use of heroin and cocaine below that with placebo treatment. The medical attendant judged DGAVP treatment superior to placebo treatment. It is concluded that treatment with DGAVP during the initial phase of methadone detoxification of heroin addicts may facilitate detoxification. This beneficial effect of DGAVP is consistent with animal data showing that this peptide may attenuate the reinforcing qualities of heroin. PMID- 6670061 TI - Changing perspectives on screening for ocular disease. PMID- 6670063 TI - Glaucoma screening in the health care setting. AB - Glaucoma surveys are an important means of detecting early cases of glaucoma. Traditionally, most such surveys have been conducted in the community, while the health care setting has been underutilized as a screening location. We reviewed studies on surveys conducted in community and health care settings, using tonometry and ophthalmoscopy, and presented data from a study we carried out in the outpatient department of a hospital. Results of our review indicate that over 11 times as many people were screened in the community studies as in the health care studies, but the latter had the higher percentage of referrals. Data from the literature review, as well as from our own study, suggest that the high number of referrals is related to the characteristics of the population available for screening in a health care facility. In such a population there is a higher percentage of individuals at risk for development of glaucoma. Risk factors for the disease include age, sex (males more at risk than females), race, (blacks more at risk than whites), family history of glaucoma, and presence of diabetes and vascular diseases. It was also found that ophthalmoscopy is an effective, but underutilized, method of screening. We recommend an increase in use of health care facilities as sites of glaucoma screening surveys. We also suggest that physicians employ ophthalmoscopy to screen for glaucoma as part of the routine funduscopic examination. PMID- 6670064 TI - Visual screening via television. AB - Using a test developed in 1977, visual screening via television is now beginning to be carried out on a large scale. The test consists of two parts, a visual acuity test and a visual field test using a modification of the multiple pattern method of Harrington and Flocks. It has been useful and has been well received by the public. A great advantage of the testing method is that many thousands of people can be simultaneously screened in a 10-minute period. The accuracy of the test is discussed. The videotape program is now available for broadcast from the National Society to Prevent Blindness, Inc. PMID- 6670062 TI - Preschool vision screening for amblyopia and strabismus. Programs, methods, guidelines, 1983. AB - Amblyopia and strabismus, which afflict at least 5% of children, require treatment early in life for best visual results. At present, many such children are treated late or not at all. Mass screening at preschool age, and perhaps ultimately of infants, appears the only viable solution to this problem. To ascertain the present status of preschool screening in the United States, on-site visits, mail questionnaires and telephone interviews were used to study existing preschool vision screening programs at the federal, state and private organization levels. We estimate that, at most, 21% of preschool children receive any form of vision screening. Only two states, Michigan and Minnesota, have legislated requirements for such screening. Several organizations have attempted to establish screening guidelines, with suggestions of specific test and referral criteria. These guidelines are reviewed. The guidelines are of particular interest because screening programs following them typically indicate far lower prevalence rates than most studies indicate actually exist, suggesting that the guidelines result in underreferrals. In order to assess this matter, vision screening methods appropriate for preschoolers or infants, based on current evidence, are reviewed. Stereoscopic testing, utilizing a random dot stereogram format, appears the best instrument available for amblyopia and strabismus screening, but large scale comparative studies of the different test methods are needed to arrive at a final determination. Suggestions are made for the physician interested in initiating preschool vision screening programs. PMID- 6670065 TI - [Comparative study of side effects using two card indexes]. PMID- 6670066 TI - [Comparison of 63 months' drug monitoring between an internal medicine department and the entire university hospital]. PMID- 6670067 TI - [Evaluation of 50 months' intensive drug monitoring in an internal medicine department with a cardiologic orientation. Prospective study]. PMID- 6670068 TI - [Establishment of a drug monitoring branch in a geriatric hospital]. PMID- 6670069 TI - [Metoclopramide. Evaluation of side effects and toxicity as detected at the Center for Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology of Marseilles]. PMID- 6670070 TI - [The pharmacokinetic basis of of the undesirable effects of drugs in the aged subject]. PMID- 6670072 TI - [Adverse effects of antihypertensive treatment in aged subjects in an internal medicine unit. Retrospective 3-year study]. PMID- 6670073 TI - [Therapeutic errors affecting the aged]. PMID- 6670071 TI - [Adverse effects of drugs in old people. Evaluation of cases received for a year at the French Association of Drug Monitoring Centers]. PMID- 6670074 TI - [Relation between the aged and drug therapy]. PMID- 6670075 TI - [Drug monitoring in anesthesiology. Evaluation of the Lyons experience]. PMID- 6670076 TI - [Drug monitoring in anesthesiology. Methodologic comments from the Lyons experience]. PMID- 6670077 TI - [Psychotropic drugs and anesthesia]. PMID- 6670078 TI - [Anaphylactic-type reactions to althesin. Preliminary study on the role of complement]. PMID- 6670080 TI - [Allergy to general anesthetics and especially to muscle relaxants. Diagnostic methods]. PMID- 6670079 TI - [Severe anaphylactoid complications after infusion of a modified gelatin fluid in balanced solution. 2 prospective studies]. PMID- 6670081 TI - [Tolerability of human leukocyte interferon in children. Evaluation of a series of 11 cases]. PMID- 6670082 TI - [Hypercalcemia from altizide. Apropos of a case in a patient with extramembranous glomerulonephritis and renal failure]. PMID- 6670083 TI - [Local application of an iodized antiseptic and neonatal biological hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6670084 TI - [Accidental intravenous injection of adrenaline instead of atropine. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6670086 TI - [Lung sequestration; a rare congenital lung disorder]. AB - Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital malformation. It is characterized by an abnormal arterial supply and venous drainage and a part of the lung which is not taking part in ventilation. Asymptomatic cases have been reported, but 37% of intralobar and 60% of extralobar sequesters became symptomatic before the age of ten years and need to be removed surgically. In this article one case-report illustrates the clinical course described in most cases whilst the other describes a patient in which the course mimicked an 'untreatable' bronchiolitis. PMID- 6670085 TI - [Persistent fetal circulation syndrome: long-term clinical and treatment results]. AB - The definition, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of the persistent fetal circulation syndrome are presented. A description of the clinical characteristics of 38 patients, admitted during a 3 years period, is included. The results of a follow-up investigation amongst the 20 surviving children are discouraging, because a maximum of only 5 children appears to be totally normal. At least half of the children is more or less handicapped, the majority of which severely! PMID- 6670087 TI - [The status of the teeth in native and foreign preschool children]. AB - In 1979 and 1981 respectively 375 and 347 kindergarten children were examined for dental caries with the aid of mirror and probe by a school medical officer. These examinations were carried out in a quarter of The Hague, where many families from Surinam and the countries around the Mediterranean reside. The foreign children numbered 163 in 1979 and 176 in 1981. In 1979 as well as in 1981 the average number of deciduous teeth, decayed, extracted or filled (deft-number) was calculated. In both years the deft-number for the foreign group (4,9) was higher than the deft-number for the native group (3,0). In 1979 50% of the native group received dental care as compared to 8% of the foreign group. In 1981 these percentages were respectively 53 and 18. Moreover there was a great difference in the consumption of fluoride-tablets by the native and foreign toddlers. The greater part (53%) of the first group consumed these tablets every day. In 1979 and 1981 respectively 20 (12%) and 34 (19%) foreign toddlers received fluoride tablets daily. These findings demonstrate that during regular medical inspection of foreign children much attention should be paid to dental health education. PMID- 6670088 TI - [The excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in the urine of children with urinary tract diseases]. AB - In 81 children without any urinary or kidney disease and in children with various diseases of the urinary tract, the excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was measured in an urine sample and related to creatinine excretion. The values of the first group of children accorded well with normal values reported in the literature. The age dependency (1-12 years) of the ratio NAG/creatinine is not of great importance, a single normal value for mean and mean + 2SD can be used. The estimation of NAG proved to be a relatively simple and useful measure of the involvement of the upper urinary tract in urinary infections. This is important for decisions about choice of treatment and further urological investigations. PMID- 6670089 TI - [Esophageal varices and portal hypertension in children; experiences with Vossschulte's method of dissection ligature]. AB - The optimal treatment of esophageal varices in childhood is an unresolved issue. Despite numerous studies concerning this topic, there seems to be no completely satisfying solution. An open and functioning portasystemic shunt provides a high degree of protection against esophageal variceal bleeding. However, technical obstacles imposed by the size of vessels available for shunting, reluctance to remove the spleen in a child and abnormalities of the portal vein often preclude successful portasystemic shunting in children. Therefore, a two-stage management has been proposed for the treatment of esophageal varices in childhood. In this approach Vossschulte's dissection-ligature has been utilized as a temporizing procedure. This operation has to bridge the time, until a decompressive shunt can be accomplished. Nine children with esophageal varices were treated by the dissection-ligature. There was no operative mortality. One patient succumbed during the follow-up period. One patient had a recurrent bleeding after 2 2/12 yrs, and underwent a shunting procedure at that time. Three patients had an esophageal stricture and swallowing difficulties. They were without complaints after a few dilatations. Data obtained from this study and from the literature indicate, that the dissection-ligature is safe and effective in controlling esophageal variceal bleeding. The dissection-ligature satisfies as temporary measure in the proposed two-stage management. Since many patients did not have any new bleeding-episodes and did not need any further surgery as well, it may be suggested that the dissection-ligature is not only suitable for temporary treatment, but also for permanent treatment. The dissection-ligature of Vossschulte should be kept in mind, if one is forced to consider a 'direct operation' of esophageal varices. PMID- 6670091 TI - [Ultrasonic determination of the normal values of the diameter of the lateral ventricles in newborn infants]. PMID- 6670090 TI - [Dyspnea caused by tracheal stricture following operative treatment of esophageal atresia]. AB - This report describes eight children with esophageal atresia who developed 'dyspnea spells' during feeding. These spells were caused by a combination of tracheomalacia and tracheal compression. One patient in addition had a vascular ring. Common characteristics in these patients were: low birth weight, other congenital abnormalities and a short esophagus. The diagnosis was confirmed endoscopically. Operative therapy consisted of hemithymectomy and aortopexy. In six patients the symptoms disappeared completely, the two other children improved. The operation appears an effective means of dealing with severe dyspnea spells in children after correction of esophageal atresia. PMID- 6670092 TI - [Various aspects of CARA in childhood]. AB - A survey is given of some aspects of chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) in children. Special attention is paid to epidemiology, heredity, allergy and hyperreactivity. Finally a number of factors which can give rise to COLD complaints are discussed. PMID- 6670093 TI - [Simple lung function studies; assessment of effects]. AB - In pediatric practice PEF and FEV1 measurements offer suitable information about the presence of bronchial obstruction. In the out-patient clinic PEF measurements can be performed with a Wright Peak Flow meter. Evaluation of symptoms and treatment at home can be done with a mini Wright Peak Flow meter and a diary card. Flow volume registration offers no essential extra information over spirometry. The severity of bronchoconstriction can be assessed by measuring the reversibility after a bronchodilator. Airway responsiveness to non-allergic stimuli can be determined by the histamine threshold and exercise testing. During an exacerbation of asthma PCO2 is increased due to disturbed ventilation and is a good measure for the severity of the condition. Blood gas measurements indicate the degree of disturbance in gas exchange and are therefore important to measure, especially during acute periods of bronchial obstruction. PMID- 6670094 TI - [Treatment of juvenile diabetes mellitus with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)]. AB - Six diabetic children were treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). The daily blood glucose values and the HbA1c-content normalised nearly. The carrying of the pump did not impede any normal activity. Although our experience is still limited, CSII seems to be an improvement in the treatment of children with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6670095 TI - [Problems with indications for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in 2 juvenile patients with diabetes mellitus]. AB - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) using peripheral insulin pumps is only indicated if optimal conventional insulin treatment fails. If psychosocial variables are associated with chronic metabolic disregulation of the treated diabetes mellitus, it may be difficult to decide what came first: the chronic disregulation or the psychosocial variables. In childhood, disregulation of the diabetes may be related to stress-factors, generating a vicious circle. In two such minors CSII was tried with dissatisfying and potentially dangerous results. PMID- 6670096 TI - [Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in children (CSII)]. PMID- 6670097 TI - [Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in 2 Moroccan sisters]. AB - The histories of two Moroccan sisters with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis are described. Two years follow-up is available. The elder girl has no complaints, her two years younger sister becomes dyspnoeic on exercise. Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare condition, which occurs mostly as a familiary disease. On pathologic examination characteristic calcifications are found in the alveoli. The radiographic picture of the chest is quite typical. A short review of the literature is presented. PMID- 6670098 TI - Combination therapy of gastric atypical epithelium and elevated type early gastric cancer with high frequency current and laser. AB - A total of 11 lesions, consisting of elevated type early gastric cancer and atypical epithelium of more than 2 cm in diameter which were found in 9 cases, were jumbo biopsied using high-frequency current and the specimens obtained were examined histologically. Based on the results, the final diagnosis was established in terms of the benign or malignant nature of the lesions, some modifications were made in the irradiation method in accordance with the depth of invasion of the gastric cancer, and the adequacy of the irradiation therapy was examined. Then, the remaining tumor was irradiated with laser. This combination therapy of high frequency current and laser can make up for the drawback associated with laser therapy which does not permit collection of specimens for pathohistological study. PMID- 6670099 TI - Zymosan-induced chemiluminescence of granulocytes in incubated human whole blood. The role of platelets. AB - Zymosan-induced chemiluminescence (ZI-CL) of whole blood which is mainly the response of granulocytes can be used as a rapid, simple and reliable diagnostic tool for hematological and allergic disorders. ZI-CL of whole blood remained unchanged when stored at 0 degree C for 4 hr, whereas it increased by incubation at 37 degrees C. This phenomenon points to platelet-granulocyte interaction during the incubation. ZI-CL of freshly prepared suspension of leukocytes and erythrocytes was enhanced by adding platelet rich plasma (PRP) obtained from incubated blood. Enhanced CL response was observed when erythrocytes or factors derived there of were present in incubated blood. Platelet stimulating factor (PSF) was prepared from incubated erythrocyte suspension. This factor also increased ZI-CL of granulocytes when incubated with fresh PRP. The consistent inhibition of CL of incubated blood by apyrase (0.5 U/ml) and the increased response of fresh blood by the addition of ADP (10(-5) M) suggested that this factor might be ADP itself. Platelets stimulated by this factor may respond more markedly to added zymosan for still unexplored reason with enhanced CL. PMID- 6670100 TI - Therapy for cervical cancer detected by mass screening. AB - Over a 19 year period since 1962, 972 cases of cervical cancer have been detected by mass screening in Miyagi Prefecture, a detection rate of 0.11%. Among these cases, 551 (56.7%) were cases of carcinoma in situ. In contrast, cervical cancers detected by means of private screening gave a detection rate of 0.39% (889 cases), among which there were 611 cases of invasive carcinoma (68.7%). Among the 421 cases of invasive carcinoma detected by mass screening, 352 were Stage I, 52 were Stage II, 14 were Stage III and 1 was Stage IV. Moreover, 178 of the 352 Stage I cases were Stage Ia. The 5 year survival rate for the cervical cancer patients detected by mass screening was 97.8% for Stage 0, 92.9% for Stage I, 75% for Stage II, 45.5% for Stage III and 0% for Stage IV. The 5-year survival rate for invasive carcinoma was 88.7%. Twenty-five deaths due to recurrence of the cancer were found, but all such cases were invasive carcinomas. There were no mortalities due to recurrence of carcinoma in situ among such cases detected by mass screening. PMID- 6670101 TI - Diabetic scleredema. AB - Many skin lesions are specific for diabetes mellitus. Necrobiosis lipoidica, lipoatrophy and idiopathic bullae (bullosis diabeticorum) are usually associated with diabetes. However, diabetic scleredema has not been noticed by internists, although dermatologists have paid attention to such a cutaneous manifestation. We reported a clinical case of a female diabetic patient aged 15 who had been afflicted with diabetic scleredema. She had been treated with insulin since 5 years of age. She noticed stiffness of the skin in April 1980. Skin biopsy showed thickness of the dermis and accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharide. After control of blood glucose with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and administration of tocopherol acetate and hyaluronidase, the skin lesion improved. Etiology of diabetic scleredema is unknown. Such skin lesion which is observed frequently in insulin dependent obese patients is different from a category of scleredema of Buschke. PMID- 6670102 TI - A follow-up study of painful diabetic neuropathy: physical and psychological aspects. AB - Twenty-one patients with painful diabetic neuropathy were followed up for about 18 months by means of physical and psychological tests. Patients with painful diabetic neuropathy had significantly more neurotic, anxious and depressive traits than those with non-painful diabetic neuropathy. During the course of the study, 17 patients out of 21 were found to be relieved of their neuropathic symptoms with improved blood glucose control and medications. However, despite this improvement, diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy of the patients deteriorated. Patients with improved neuropathy had gained body weight, with a concomitant relief of depression, nervous tendency and anxiety. However, lack of extroversion was not changed at all. Patients with painful diabetic neuropathy were significantly less extroversive than those with non-painful diabetic neuropathy, even when their neuropathic symptoms might have improved. This study shows that although nervousness, anxiety and depressive tendencies may be secondary to the symptoms of painful diabetic neuropathy, lack of extroversion can be a primary characteristic trait which may easily induce painful diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 6670103 TI - A case of poisoning by a mixture of methanol and ethylene glycol. AB - A fatal case of poisoning by a mixture of methanol and ethylene glycol is described. A 72-year-old man was hospitalized when he was found stuporous to semicomatose, and despite massive bicarbonate therapy, died 36 hr after the admission. While the presence of numerous oxalate crystals in urine strongly suggested ethylene glycol intoxication, the GC analysis of the liquid the patient ingested revealed that he presumably drunk about 150 to 200 ml of a mixture of methanol (80%) and ethylene glycol (20%), the amount well over the lowest lethal dose when the additiveness of toxicity was considered. Retrospective evaluation of the signs suggested that while some of them such as oxalate crystalluria, elevated CPK, hypocalcemia, renal failure are attributable to the toxicity of ethylene glycol, others including elevated serum amylase and cyanosis are indicative of methanol poisoning. Disturbed consciousness was considered to be of metabolic origin; the high anion gap observed (38.2 mEq/liter) may be due not only to lactic acidosis but also to acidogenicity of the two chemicals ingested. The importance of gas chromatographic analysis for identification of the causative chemical(s) is stressed. PMID- 6670105 TI - [Prospects of using the immunoadhesive hemagglutination reaction for leptospirosis diagnosis]. PMID- 6670104 TI - Effects of noradrenaline and acetylcholine on ureteral peristalsis. AB - Experiments in vitro were performed to compare effects of noradrenaline and acetylcholine on the pyeloureter, both of which activate ureteral peristalsis. Noradrenaline elevated the baseline renal pressure to accelerate the ureteral peristalic pace in a ratio of 1:1 with the pacemaker discharge at the pelvicalyceal border (PC-border). Acetylcholine also accelerated the ureteral pace for a short time, as compared with the effect of noradrenaline. The baseline renal pelvic pressure dropped after administration of acetylcholine. Noradrenaline a little quickened the rhythm of the pacemaker contraction at the PC-border, and acetylcholine also quickened the pacemaker rhythm. These data suggest that noradrenaline and acetylcholine, which both activate pelviureteral peristalsis, exert different effects on pelvic pressure. PMID- 6670107 TI - [Dynamics of the humoral immunity indices in laboratory animals multiply infected with Coxiella burnetii]. PMID- 6670106 TI - [Q rickettsiosis on the animal-breeding farm complexes of Siberia]. PMID- 6670108 TI - Secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: study of the N and C-terminal parathyroid hormones. AB - In 34 dialysis patients without secondary hyperparathyroidism and 10 dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, the concentration of parathyroid hormone, total calcium, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphate, total alkaline phosphatase and bone alkaline phosphatase in serum were determined. The following results were obtained: serum N and C-terminal parathyroid hormone levels, serum total and ionized calcium levels, and serum total and bone alkaline phosphatase levels in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism were higher than the corresponding values in cases of negative secondary hyperparathyroidism. Serum phosphate levels in dialysis patients with and without secondary hyperparathyroidism did not differ. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase activities were well correlated with serum total alkaline phosphatase activities in patients on hemodialysis. PMID- 6670109 TI - Secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: study of optimal hemopurification and parathyroidectomy. AB - We have found that hemofiltration and direct hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis removed significant amounts of parathyroid hormone. Hemofiltration and direct hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis seemed to have better effects on secondary hyperparathyroidism. Surgical parathyroidectomy is indicated when medical parathyroidectomy has failed to prevent progressive bone disease. We had ten patients with refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism. In these patients, subtotal parathyroidectomy was attempted. The results obtained were: 1) Subtotal parathyroidectomy was successful in all patients. 2) Preoperative serum parathyroid hormone values were useful for diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism. 3) The average serum N and C-terminal parathyroid hormone values measured preoperatively were 4,491.00 +/- 892.13 pg/ml and 4,580.00 +/- 474.48 pg/ml, respectively. 4) The average N and C-terminal parathyroid hormone values measured postoperatively were 298.60 +/- 128.68 pg/ml and 2,631.00 +/- 719.51 pg/ml, respectively. PMID- 6670111 TI - Study of urinary specific gravity by reagent strip method. AB - A newly developed reagent strip method for determination of urinary specific gravity is described. This reagent strip (Chemical S.G., Ames Co.) contains polyelectrolyte which is sensitive to the cation in solution. The urinary specific gravity is mainly decided by cation (Na+ and K+) concentrations in urine. As a result, the reagent strip gave measurements that corresponded to those measured by refractometry and gravimetry of NaC1 solution. Urea and glucose gave increased values by the refractometer, whereas the reagent strip did not cause changes. The values of urinary specific gravity obtained from reagent strip showed not only good correlations (r = 0.79-0.93) with the refractometry and gravimetry but also urinary osmolarity. This reagent strip method proved to be a most convenient tool for routine urinalysis because of the good reproducibility and accuracy considering its easy handling. PMID- 6670110 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of acute cardiac tamponade by the subxiphoid approach. AB - Emergency cardiac surgery has been performed on 18 cases of acute cardiac tamponade whose etiologies were as follows: 11 cases of metastatic carcinoma, four cases of idiopathic pericarditis and three with other causes. In most cases, the chief complaint was dyspnea. In many cases, the cardiac silhouette of frontal chest X-ray films showed the shape of a water-filled ice-bag placed on a table. The electrocardiogram showed a low voltage and a flat T-wave in approximately half of the patients. In cases of an echo-free space 1 cm or larger on the M-mode echocardiogram, the average amount of pericardial fluid drained was 850 ml and in those in which the space was less than 1 cm, the average drained was 557 ml. The CT values were 9-40 for patients with malignant pericardial effusion and 20-22 for cases of idiopathic pericarditis. In general, pericardiocentesis was performed in almost all the patients with acute tamponade, but if the drainage was inadequate, the subxiphoid pericardial window procedure was performed under local anesthesia. Surgical invasion in this technique was minimal and the operative results proved effective. For the operation, we resected a 2 X 2 cm pericardial segment. Since two of the patients with malignant pericardial effusion developed postoperative reaccumulation, resection of a 4 X 4 cm segment in the future has been contemplated. PMID- 6670112 TI - The effects of droperidol and diazepam on the neural excitation of ketamine hydrochloride. AB - The effects of neuroleptics (droperidol and diazepam) were studied on the neural excitation by ketamine hydrochloride by means of the c-fiber reflex, in the spinal cat and the intact cat. Results can be summarized as follows: 1) Ketamine hydrochloride 125-500 micrograms/Kg i.v. facilitated the neural activity on the c fiber reflex of the intact cat, but it depressed that of the spinal cat. 2) Droperidol 50-250 micrograms/Kg i.v. and diazepam 50-250 micrograms/Kg i.v. did not influence the neural activity on the c-fiber reflex of the intact cat, but it depressed that of the spinal cat. 3) Droperidol 125 micrograms/Kg i.v. followed by ketamine hydrochloride 125 micrograms/Kg i.v. facilitated the neural activity of the intact cat c-fiber reflex. 4) Diazepam 50 micrograms/Kg i.v. followed by ketamine hydrochloride 250 micrograms/Kg i.v. did not influence the neural activity of the intact cat c-fiber reflex. These data suggested that the neural excitation of ketamine hydrochloride was depressed by diazepam and that a small dose of droperidol did not depress the neural excitation of the intact cat. PMID- 6670113 TI - Clinical study on latent cirrhosis of the liver. AB - Although the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis is complex and not clearly understood, it can be assumed that the morphologic changes in the liver do not occur suddenly in a short space of time and that the morphogenesis goes on insidiously. Therefore, the physician discovers liver cirrhosis coincidentally during evaluation of some other unrelated disease in 20% of cirrhotic patients. Moreover, the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis is established initially at autopsy in 13.5-40% of the patients. The clinical aspect of these cases of latent cirrhosis of the liver was investigated and the patients in this category accounted for 30% of the cases. PMID- 6670114 TI - Clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya: a prospective study of 64 patients. AB - Clinical and laboratory findings of a series of 64 consecutive patients with visceral leishmaniasis are presented. The diagnosis was established by demonstration of parasites in splenic aspirates. Findings are discussed in comparison with those of former reports from Kenya and elsewhere. PMID- 6670115 TI - Secondary cerebral amebiasis. AB - Four cases of E. histolytica infection of the brain among 80 cases of hepatic amebiasis collected over a period of 18 years are reported. The patients were males aged 2, 30, 40 and 50 years. Three cases presented with chest and neurological manifestations. Intestinal and hepatic lesions were present in all and lung lesions in three cases. The cases with neurological manifestations showed extensive, almost confluent lesions in the brain. It is proposed that the condition should be called "Secondary cerebral amebiasis". PMID- 6670116 TI - Epidemiology and control of human head louse in Malaysia. AB - A survey of 4.112 primary school children living in and around Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, revealed that 12.9% of the children were infested with Pediculus humanus capitis. Indians (28.3%) and Malays (18.9%) have a higher prevalence than Chinese (4.6%). The higher prevalence among Indians and Malays correlates well with their lower socio-economic status in the community; long hair also contributes to the higher rates of pediculosis among them. The prevalence rate was found to be related to socio-economic status, length of hair, family size, age, crowding and personal hygiene. Treatment with 0.2% and 0.5% malathion in coconut oil gave cure rates of 93% and 100%. Treatment with gammexane and actellic at 0.5% concentration gave a cure rate of 100% against adults and nymphs of Pediculus humanus capitis. PMID- 6670117 TI - Host preference of Phlebotomus argentipes in different biotopes. AB - A study on host preference of P. argentipes in two different biotopes was conducted by capturing the flies from cowsheds and human dwellings. The human blood index of P. argentipes collected from cowsheds was 21.5% and 69.6% when collected from human dwellings; this indicates that host preference of P. argentipes varies widely in different biotopes. PMID- 6670118 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) for diabetic control in Africans; preliminary findings with the microcolumn technique. AB - Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) was determined by a microcolumn technique using Biorex 70 resin in normal Nigerians and in patients with diabetes, iron deficiency anaemia, sickle cell disease and renal failure. Mean %HbA1 was 10.0 +/ 1.9% in controls which is higher than levels reported in Caucasians. HbAS but not HbSS had a reducing effect on the %HbA1 which was also found elevated in iron deficiency anaemia and diabetes mellitus. Factors peculiar to tropical medical practice affecting glycosylated haemoglobin must be appreciated and further investigated to assess the usefulness of HbA1 determination in the long term control of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6670119 TI - Hand and foot ulcers in Nigerian diabetics - a comparative study. AB - A total of 160 consecutive diabetic patients were examined for hand and foot ulcers. We found 6 patients with ulcers of the hand. Antecedent trauma, all trivial, was noted in all the patients with ulcers. Five patients with foot ulcers had peripheral neuropathy and 1 patient had occlusive vascular disease. Only 3 of the 10 diabetic foot cases had a history of trauma. The mean age of the patients with hand and foot ulcers was 43 years and 56 years respectively. Staphylococcus was the commonest isolate. Digital gangrene was a more common complication in hand ulcers compared with the foot. PMID- 6670120 TI - Hematologic values and prevalence of anaemia in Libyan school children. AB - The hematologic values and prevalence of anemia in Libyan school children 6-19 yrs of age were investigated. The mean values of boys followed the normal pattern of rise with age. In girls, the mean values increased with age until age 15 yrs, and subsequently declined. The prevalence of low hemoglobin and of low hematocrit values was 3.2% and 11.3% respectively. The highest prevalence of low hemoglobin in boys and in girls was 4.6% (13-15 yrs) and 6.2% (16-19 yrs) respectively. The highest prevalence of low hematocrit was observed in age group 6-9 yrs in both sexes (boys 17.0%, girls 20.2%). Rates of prevalence of anaemia in Libyan school children were compared with those in Bahrain, Oman and USA. PMID- 6670121 TI - Comparison of folate levels in convulsing and non-convulsing febrile children. AB - The relationship between folic acid levels and occurrence of convulsion in febrile subjects was studied in thirty-two children aged 8 months to 5 years. Both the serum and red cell folate levels were significantly higher in the febrile children who convulsed than in those who did not convulse. When the period of convulsion was more than thirty minutes, there was a significant rise in the red cell folate. These results suggest that the accumulation of folate in the serum and red cell may be causally related to the development of the convulsing state in febrile children. PMID- 6670122 TI - Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma in Jordan. AB - This study presents striking differences in the occurrence of gastric and intestinal lymphomas in Jordan, demonstrating a picture similar to that reported in the Mediterranean zone but different from that in Western countries. In 47 Jordanians, the ratio of gastric to intestinal cases was 1:2.6; mean ages were 53 and 18 years respectively; and peak incidence rates were 1.1 and 1.2 in males 35 64 years old old and children below the age of 10 years, respectively. Lymphoma constituted 7% of gastric and 90% of intestinal malignancies. Gastric lymphoma generally presented at an earlier clinical stage. Ileocaecal lymphoma accounted for 21% of gastrointestinal lymphomas, occurring in children below the age of 10 years, with preponderance of the diffuse large cell type; 90% presented in clinical stage II. Annual minimal incidence of gastrointestinal lymphoma was 0.5 per 100.000 in the Jordanian population. It is envisaged that with the progressive change of Jordanians' habits towards a Western style, follow up studies have to be awaited to detect any possible changes in the pattern of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma in this population. PMID- 6670123 TI - Cryosurgery in vernal catarrh. AB - Thirty four cases of vernal catarrh were treated with cryosurgery. During a mean follow up of 5 months this resulted in complete relief of symptoms and flattening of papillae in 94% of cases. Significant improvement in vision occurred in three out of six patients with decreased vision. Cryosurgery is recommended as a first line treatment for vernal catarrh. PMID- 6670124 TI - Peritoneal dialysis in the management of hypertensive acute oliguric renal failure. AB - Twenty consecutive patients admitted because of severe hypertension and uraemia were offered the benefit of intermittent peritoneal dialysis as an adjunct to hypotensive therapy. The outcome of this modality of treatment showed that despite the adequate control of severe hypertension all the patients remained oliguric and died from uraemia. It is concluded that short term intermittent peritoneal dialysis merely prolongs life for a few days or weeks and does not appear to be the answer to the problem of management of uraemia due to hypertension. An attempt must be made to provide facilities for regular haemodialysis and transplant surgery in developing countries. PMID- 6670125 TI - Sandy faecal impaction caused by severe pica. AB - Two primary school age children having severe pica for sand, presented with severe constipation caused by sandy faecal impaction, simulating intestinal obstruction. Digital disimpaction and enema relieved the symptoms. PMID- 6670126 TI - [Autoradiographic and cytophotometric study of DNA synthesis in the oocytes of the domestic hen at the preleptotene prophase stage of meiosis]. AB - 3H-thymidine incorporation into the fowl oocytes was established radioautographically at the middle preleptotene, when chromosomes are condensed and associated in the complex chromocenters. According to the cytophotometry of Feulgen stained oocyte nuclei, their DNA value increases during preleptotene from 2 to 4c. So, the DNA synthesis observed is characteristic of chromosome reduplication, rather than of nuclear organizer amplification. The preleptotene should be considered as the initial stage of meiotic prophase because it involves spiralization and individualization of chromosomal threads. Both the analysis of literary data and of our own results enable us to conclude that in different species the meiotic chromosome reduplication may proceed in different periods between telophase of last gonial mitosis and the beginning of homologous chromosome conjugation. PMID- 6670127 TI - [Functional and structural changes in the surface of human erythrocytes after irradiation with UV rays of various wave lengths. II. Alcian blue sorption by the outer membrane components]. AB - Irradiation of erythrocytes with UV light (254 nm) in doses, which increased the activity of ABO and Rh system antigens followed by a photochemical destruction of the cell surface coat (outer perimembraneous layer) and the release of its components, which were stained in situ with alcian blue vital dye to be presumably glycoproteins. The role of this phenomenon in the therapeutic effect of UV light is discussed. PMID- 6670128 TI - [Changes in the parameters of equilibrium binding of acidic dyes by contractile proteins during their functional activity and heat denaturation]. AB - A study was made of the equilibrium distribution of acidic dyes (Heliogen blue, Bromthymol blue, Bromphenol blue, Phenol red) between actomyosin threads (intact, contracted by ATP, or denaturated by heating) and the medium. The limits of dye sorption (A infinity) were shown to rise with the increase in their hydrophobia. The heat denaturation is accompanied with similar changes in all the dyes examined: i.e. with the increase in the limits of dye sorption and constant dissociation, and with the decrease in dye affinity to protein. The functional activity of contractile proteins acted upon with ATP is accompanied with different changes. For Heliogen blue these are like those during denaturation, whereas for Phenol red these are quite opposite: the limits of dye sorption and constant dissociation diminish, and the affinity to protein rises. Thus, during the heat denaturation the number of polar and non-polar groups accessible to dyes increases, whereas during functional activity only the number of non-polar bonds increases, and the quantity of polar bonds is seen reduced. PMID- 6670129 TI - [Characteristics of the manifestation of the morphological signs of muscle differentiation in a suspension culture of myogenic cells]. AB - With electron microscopy, cell elements were observed in a suspension culture of the chick embryo femoral muscle cells. The newly formed myosymplasts displayed no regular ultrastructure. A disturbance in the temporal sequence in myogenic steps was noticed, in addition to the appearance of uninucleated cells with a differentiated sarcomere zone. PMID- 6670130 TI - [Cytomorphological characteristics of the tegument of daughter larvae in the cestode Taenia crassiceps]. AB - At the early stages of asexual breeding, the daughter larvae of T. crassicaps display destructive changes of the tegument due to its hyperfunction. The reparation of tegumental cytons is followed by the appearance of specific "brushes" of fibrillar material on the karyolemma of their nuclei. They are supposed to occur as a result of protein synthesis necessary for the reconstruction of cellular structures, mainly, of the nucleus. The abundant synthesized fibrillar falls into decay being transformed into bodies containing crystals which are transported to the superficial synthytium to be eliminated there. PMID- 6670131 TI - Congenital lobar emphysema. PMID- 6670132 TI - Mezlocillin therapy in children. PMID- 6670133 TI - Serum IgE levels in patients with ataxia telangiectasia. PMID- 6670134 TI - Scalp and face edema in Schonlein-Henoch syndrome. PMID- 6670136 TI - Echocardiographic findings in left ventricular to right atrial communication. PMID- 6670135 TI - A premature infant with Brucella abortus infection. PMID- 6670137 TI - Intercellular junctions in tumor diagnosis. PMID- 6670138 TI - Tubular cell emboli in the glomerulus--a needle biopsy artifact. AB - In a needle biopsy specimen of the kidney, epithelial cells were found within the capillaries of a single glomerulus. These proved to be proximal tubular epithelial cells with their typical nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, junctional complexes, and brush border. Similar cells were also found in Bowman's space. This is an artifact of the needle biopsy in which tubular cells or cell fragments had been detached from the tubule by the needle and then pushed through the cut end of an arteriole into the glomerular capillaries and to Bowman's space. PMID- 6670139 TI - Ultrastructural features of cultured mature adipocyte precursors from adipose tissue in multiple symmetric lipomatosis. AB - The pathogenesis of multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL) is as yet unknown; however, some studies seem to indicate the neoplastic nature of this lesion. In this study we have examined the ultrastructural features of the adipocyte precursors of patients with MSL. The cells were isolated by collagenase, cultured, and then examined at the moment of their confluence in a monolayer. Their ultrastructural features were compared with those of cells of the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue taken from patients with nonsystemic, surgically treated illnesses. When examined immediately after isolation, the cells from normal tissue did not show significant differences from MSL cells. In culture, however, MSL grew more quickly into a monolayer and showed numerous nuclear pockets and cytoplasmic microfilaments, which were not seen in cells from normal tissue. These differences appear compatible with the neoplastic nature of the MSL adipocyte precursors. PMID- 6670141 TI - Peculiar ultrastructural features in the cytoplasm of cells from human effusions associated with malignant disease. AB - A peculiar structure revealed by the electron microscope in a few cells from two human pleural fluids, showing the morphologic features of metastasizing cancer cells in effusions, is described. It has the appearance of a rod-shaped pentalaminary structure approximately 25-35 nm thick formed by an outer double membrane, surrounding a central, more dense axis showing transverse striations at about 10-nm intervals. The double membrane often exhibits a terminal expansion connected with the endoplasmic reticulum and it is sometimes associated with microfilaments. These structures could be a variant of or represent a step in the formation of confronting cisternae, but the periodic striations they show in the more dense lamella give them some resemblance to a Langerhan's cell granule. To date, such striations have not been seen in confronting cisternae. PMID- 6670140 TI - Intercellular junction formation between polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and between polymorphonuclear leukocytes and tumor cells. AB - Morphologic evidence of intercellular junctions was found between polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and between PMNs and tumor cells. All these junctions displayed electron-dense plaques along the plasma membranes with linear spaces in between. These plaques were finely granular and devoid of filaments. Fine granules were also observed in some of these linear spaces. The significance of these morphologic findings is not known but may be elucidated by a correlative type of study. PMID- 6670143 TI - Limitations of Doppler spectral broadening in the early detection of carotid artery disease due to the size of the sample volume. AB - In the present study the criteria of spectral broadening used in pulsed Doppler systems to diagnose minor disease in the cervical carotid arteries were evaluated in relation to the size of the sample volume. For this purpose the Doppler audio spectra as recorded in asymptomatic volunteers with an ATL Duplex scanner (relatively large sample volume) and a multi-gate pulsed Doppler system (relatively small sample volume) were compared with each other. The volunteers, randomly selected from the population registers, varied in age from 20-69 yr. Only in the common carotid artery at younger age, were normal spectra recorded, especially with the multi-gate system. In the internal carotid artery the number of spectra, supposed to be associated with low grade stenosis, increased significantly, especially when recorded with the Duplex scanner. More pronounced spectral broadening was found when the spectra were recorded distally in this artery. In the cervical carotid arteries normal spectra were found only when sampled in the middle of the bloodstream. These findings indicate that for the detection of vascular lesions in the cervical carotid arteries at an early stage of the disease on the basis of spectral broadening, small sample volumes and sampling in the centre of the vessel are required. PMID- 6670142 TI - Virus like particles in hamster liver. PMID- 6670144 TI - Fetal and maternal aortic flow in two different maternal positions. An investigation with combined Doppler-velocimetry and ultrasonic multiple array. AB - To study aortic velocities in the fetus, a newly developed multirangegated Doppler velocimeter was combined with a commercial B-mode linear-array apparatus. Spectrum analysis of the Doppler shift signals was performed. The signals with the highest frequencies were selected for hard-copy, and integrated with a digitizer. In the first part of the study, the reproducibility of the method was established by serial measurements of aortic velocity in 7 near-term fetuses. It proved sufficient to evaluate 5 successive heart-cycles. The mean coefficient of variation was 5% (mean number of recordings evaluated 7.5). In the second part of the study, possible influence of aortocaval compression on fetal aortic velocity indicative of changes in fetal cardiac output, was investigated in 10 pregnant women with no symptoms of supine hypotension. Doppler monitoring of the material cardiac output from the suprasternal notch was added to the set-up described to study the supine reduction of cardiac output frequently described in pregnant women. No significant change was found either in the maternal or in the fetal circulation. PMID- 6670145 TI - Ultrasonic tissue characterization of atheromatous plaques using a high resolution real time scanner. AB - Atheromatous plaques obtained at autopsies and surgical carotid endarterectomy specimens were scanned in a water bath with an 8 MHz high resolution real time instrument. The findings were correlated with histology at corresponding sites in each specimen. Fatty streaks were not detectable by ultrasound. Small fibro fatty plaques appeared as localized thickening of the arterial wall with little change in echogenicity or echo texture. In larger fibro fatty lesions, sizable aggregates of amorphous lipid residue appeared less echogenic than adjacent tissues and regions of dense fibrosis more echogenic. Densely calcified foci in plaques were highly echogenic and associated with acoustic shadowing. Surface irregularities of plaque at ultrasound may simulate ulceration. Ulcers, evident at gross inspection, appeared as marked surface irregularities or excavations at ultrasound. The basis of the findings and their relevance to clinical vascular ultrasound imaging are discussed. PMID- 6670146 TI - Temperature elevation in a beam of ultrasound. AB - Computations are made of the temperature elevation expected at points along the axis of an unfocussed beam of ultrasound in a homogeneous absorbing medium. A simplified model is used in which the intensity is assumed uniform over a cross section. Heat conduction is taken into account, but not convection or perfusion. Results are presented for frequencies from 1 to 10 MHz and beam diameters from 0.2 to 2.4 cm. The results include limiting temperatures, reached at infinite time, as well as temperature vs time characteristics. As an example for certain conditions (transducer diameter 1.2 cm, frequency 4 MHz, intensity at the transducer 0.1 W/cm2, tissue acoustically similar to liver, transducer thermal conductivity similar to that of tissue) the temperature elevation produced at a distance 2 cm from the transducer is calculated to be 0.61 degrees C after 253 s; it then increases more and more slowly, approaching, but never exceeding 1.46 degrees C. PMID- 6670147 TI - Local hyperthermia induced by focussed and overlapping ultrasonic fields--an in vivo demonstration. AB - Axial temperature distributions were measured in living and post mortem porcine tissues during sonication with plane, focussed and overlapping ultrasonic fields. With the focussed field it was always possible to induce the temperature maxima at depths up to 50 mm, although the actual temperatures achieved varied from animal to animal. The plane 0.75 MHz transducer produced a maximum temperature close to the skin surface. With 7 overlapping plane fields a relatively uniform temperature distribution was produced in a large tissue volume. The blood perfusion in tissue has a significant effect not only on the magnitude of the temperature increase, but also on the temperature distribution. PMID- 6670148 TI - Subharmonic emission as an indicator of ultrasonically-induced biological damage. AB - This paper describes work in which subharmonic emissions from ultrasonically irradiated biological samples are integrated over time, and the resultant signal (which is believed to be indicative of cavitation activity) is found to correlate well with the extent of cellular damage. Specifically, three studies have been carried out, in which the subharmonic energy emitted from suspension cultures of V79 cells is integrated during exposure to 1 MHz ultrasound. The effect of raised ambient pressure and sample rotation speed on the occurrence of cavitation, and of cavitation related cell death, have been investigated. Use of the subharmonic emission technique has also yielded additional evidence for the occurrence of an ultrasonically induced mechanism for damage that is neither thermal nor cavitational in origin, in experiments where cells are exposed to ultrasound whilst being held at an elevated temperature (43 degrees C). The potential of the use of subharmonic emission monitoring as a quantitative predictor of ultrasonically induced biological damage, both in vitro and in vivo, is discussed. PMID- 6670149 TI - Computerized evaluation of blood flow measurement indices using Doppler ultrasound. AB - The study involved computer-assisted analysis of Doppler blood flow signals from an in vitro experimental system utilizing a calibrated occlusive pulsatile pump, vinyl tubings of various dimensions, and human blood. The power spectra of these signals were obtained using the Fast Fourier Transform, and the peak and mean frequencies along with the first moments of the Fourier spectra around the zero frequency axis were computed. These indices were evaluated using different flow rates and tubal dimensions. It was experimentally verified that the first moment provided a more linear measure of volume flow rate than that estimated by peak and mean velocities. Although the first moment cannot measure the absolute flow rate, it may serve as a better indicator of relative flow changes than the other two indices. PMID- 6670150 TI - Zerocrossing density for ultrasonic Doppler signals obtained from computer simulations. AB - The first order probability distribution for the distance between adjacent zeros of a Gaussian process has been estimated using computer simulations of the process. The results are compared to theoretical approximate results found in the literature. PMID- 6670151 TI - [Changes in the gastric mucosa in complicated forms of peptic ulcer and postgastrectomy syndromes]. AB - Complex studies of the secretory function of the stomach have shown its activity to depend upon the type of gastric ulceration. It allows gastric ulcers to be differentiated into those with hyposecretory (primary ulcers) and hypersecretory (associated and secondary ulcers) syndromes. High secretory activity of the stomach with duodenal ulcers is confirmed by the results of morphological investigations. PMID- 6670152 TI - [Association of stomach and duodenal ulcers and diaphragmatic hernia]. AB - On the basis of complex examination of 83 patients with the ulcer disease including ionomanometry 25 of them were found to have hiatal hernia. Specific features of the clinical picture of this combination are described. The detection of hiatal hernia in patients with the ulcer disease allows the correction of the valve mechanism of the esophago-gastric transition to be simultaneously fulfilled during the operation. PMID- 6670153 TI - [Role of surgery in the treatment of lung cancer]. AB - For 50 years since the first successful ablation of lung for lung cancer the thoracic surgery has accumulated rich experience with the operative treatment of the disease. The article generalizes the authors' material with 1800 patients with lung cancer, half of them being subjected to operations. Recent progress in anesthesiology, transfusiology and reanimatology gives wider indications for lung resection. PMID- 6670154 TI - [Possibilities of ultrasonic echotomoscanning in the diagnosis of liver abscesses]. AB - The authors analyze results of the ultrasonic echotomoscanning of the liver in 45 patients, 22 of them having abscesses of the liver. This method could successfully diagnose the disease in 20 out of 22 patients prior to operation, which shows its high diagnostic value. PMID- 6670155 TI - [Surgical tactics (cecostomy or artificial anus?) in colonic cancer complicated by acute intestinal obstruction]. AB - On the basis of an analysis of results of the treatment of acute intestinal obstruction resulting from carcinoma of the left part of the colon the authors recommend performing decompression by creation of the two-trunk anus after Maydl. Cecostomy gives twice greater postoperative lethality. PMID- 6670156 TI - [Effect of noradrenaline on the course of experimental peritonitis]. AB - On the basis of examination of microcirculation by the method of contact microscopy and evaluation of the survival rate of rats with experimental peritonitis the authors have shown a positive effect (reduced lethality) of the intraperitoneal administration of noradrenaline at the expense of reduced capillary blood flow and reduced intoxication. PMID- 6670157 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course of chronic renal insufficiency and urolithiasis during preparation of patients for surgery]. AB - The work analyzes the treatment of 126 patients with urolithic disease. The authors distinguish five possible variants of the clinical course of chronic renal insufficiency resulting from the disease which determine indications and prognosis of the operative treatment of the urolithic disease, specific preoperative preparation and postoperative management. A conclusion is made concerning expediency of hemolysis made before and after operation which decreases its risk and gives better chances for the surgical treatment of these critical patients. PMID- 6670158 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in chronic fibrous encapsulated peritonitis]. PMID- 6670159 TI - [Intracavitary pressure in the appendix in appendicitis]. PMID- 6670160 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the pancreas]. PMID- 6670161 TI - [Pathology of involution of the vitelline duct]. PMID- 6670162 TI - [Surgical treatment of thoracoabdominal wounds]. AB - On the basis of an analysis of great clinical material the author gives recommendations for diagnosis and surgical measures for thoracoabdominal wounds. Realization of the lines of treatment proposed in the article reduces lethality in critical patients to 23,7%. PMID- 6670163 TI - [Partial rupture of the main bronchus in open chest trauma]. PMID- 6670164 TI - [Fractures of the patella and injuries of the extension system of the knee joint]. PMID- 6670166 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of nonspecific spontaneous pneumothorax]. AB - An analysis of the surgical treatment of 131 patients with spontaneous nonspecific pneumothorax has shown the operative treatment to be widely used after unsuccessful aspiration therapy, recurrent and complicated pneumothorax. PMID- 6670165 TI - [Diagnostic bronchofibroscopy in children with chronic lung diseases]. AB - The article analyzes the experience with the application of rigid bronchoscopes and bronchofibroscopes for bronchological examinations of children. Bronchofibroscopy was shown to be less traumatic and to give a great volume of diagnostic information on the morpho-functional state of the bronchial tree, localization of the pathological process. PMID- 6670168 TI - [True hermaphroditism in children]. AB - The authors have observed 8 cases of true hermaphroditism. Great significance is attached to laparoscopy and biopsy of gonads in diagnosing the pathology. Exact indications for the surgical correction of sex by the male and female types are given with special reference to terms and volume of the surgical correction of sex. PMID- 6670167 TI - [Microelement metabolism in children with peritonitis]. AB - The work presents results of the investigation of the level of microelements (iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, aluminium) in the blood of children with peritonitis. Their considerable decrease was found, especially on the third day after operation. Correction of electrolites in patients with peritonitis is considered to be necessary. PMID- 6670170 TI - [Penetrating abdominal wound caused by a board with multiple organ injuries in a child]. PMID- 6670169 TI - [Peace-time gunshot wounds in children]. AB - The authors have analyzed specific features of the clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of gunshot wounds in 34 children. The surgical treatment of gunshot wounds in peace-time is considered to be sparing and complex. PMID- 6670171 TI - [Congenital cyst of the common bile duct in a child]. PMID- 6670172 TI - [Isolated rupture of the gallbladder in a child]. PMID- 6670173 TI - [Access to the tibia in chronic hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. PMID- 6670175 TI - [Aggregative properties of the erythrocytes in acute suppurative-destructive diseases of the lungs and pleura]. AB - The investigation of aggregation properties of erythrocytes in 218 patients with acute pyo-destructive diseases of lungs and pleura at different stages of the conservative and operative treatment has revealed a pronounced hyperaggregation of erythrocytes. The aggregation mechanisms are to be studied and new methods of correction of the aggregation properties of blood red cells are to be searched for. PMID- 6670176 TI - [Successful resuscitation in recurrent circulatory arrest in a patient in the state of shock]. PMID- 6670174 TI - [Anesthesia and intensive therapy in acute suppurative peritonitis]. AB - The investigation of indices of hemodynamics and oxygen regimen in 58 patients with acute purulent peritonitis has shown the programmed intravenous narcosis in combination with Darenthin to promote increasing the cardiac and stroke index. Darenthin included in the complex intensive therapy of peritonitis was found to increase the portal blood flow and to cause early reestablishment of the intestine peristalsis. PMID- 6670177 TI - [Role of immunologic reactions in the development, prevention and treatment of postoperative anemia]. AB - On the basis of an analysis of immunological and hematological indices the authors have shown the role of activation of physiological hemolysis, immunization of the organism by erythrocyte antigens, inhibition of erythropoiesis due to intoxication and massive hemotransfusions in the development of early and late anemias after operations for congenital and acquired heart diseases under conditions of the artificial blood circulation. The authors propose recommendations for the prevention of such anemias. PMID- 6670178 TI - Ventilation, air hygiene and animal health. PMID- 6670179 TI - Sheep housing and health. PMID- 6670180 TI - Poultry housing and disease. PMID- 6670181 TI - Staphylococcal dermatitis in unweaned lambs. PMID- 6670182 TI - Congenital vestibular disease in a German shepherd dog. PMID- 6670183 TI - [Role of a methodological seminar in the provision of information and reference services in teaching and education]. PMID- 6670184 TI - [Improving the methods of hemosorption therapy in military medical institutions]. PMID- 6670185 TI - [Ways of improving the organization of laboratory studies]. PMID- 6670186 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of post-ischemic toxemia]. PMID- 6670187 TI - [Use of puncture catheterization of the subclavian veins in an intensive care unit]. PMID- 6670188 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of erysipelas in adults]. PMID- 6670190 TI - [Basic mechanisms of functional disorders in the body during hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 6670189 TI - [Combined effect of factors of external environment on the acid-base equilibrium of blood]. PMID- 6670191 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of osteoid osteoma]. PMID- 6670192 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of foot mycoses]. PMID- 6670193 TI - [Prevention of purulent infection in penetrating eye injuries using drug implants]. PMID- 6670195 TI - [Early diagnosis and emergency treatment of meningococcal infection]. PMID- 6670194 TI - [The time of radical operations in abscesses and epithelial pilonidal cysts of the sacrococcygeal region]. PMID- 6670197 TI - [Microbial sensitivity to antibiotics and dioxidine in pyoderma and microbial eczema]. PMID- 6670196 TI - [Association of pathology of the ORL and internal organs]. PMID- 6670198 TI - [Mobile surgical units in foreign countries]. PMID- 6670199 TI - [Chief results of studies of the effects of mineral waters and the direction of future research]. PMID- 6670200 TI - [Experimental study of drug electrophonophoresis]. PMID- 6670201 TI - [New variant of electrophoresis]. PMID- 6670202 TI - [Analysis of various aspects of the mechanism of action of helium-neon laser radiation]. PMID- 6670203 TI - [Use of laser therapy in patients with trophic ulcers and long-unhealed wounds during preparation for prosthesis]. PMID- 6670204 TI - [Therapeutic gymnastics in the complex treatment of combined injuries of the chest and bones of the extremities]. PMID- 6670205 TI - [Features of changes in peripheral hemodynamics during dosed physical loading in patients with thrombo-obliterating diseases of the arteries of the feet]. PMID- 6670206 TI - [Physical rehabilitation of patients after arterial surgery]. PMID- 6670207 TI - [Therapeutic physical training at the dispensary stage of rehabilitation after prosthesis of the aortic or mitral valves of the heart]. PMID- 6670208 TI - [Dynamics of the indices of activity of tissue enzymes in rats with gastroduodenal pathology after drinking sulfide mineral water (experimental study)]. PMID- 6670209 TI - [Efficacy of novocaine phonophoresis in bronchial asthma patients]. PMID- 6670210 TI - [Role of acupuncture in bronchial asthma in children]. PMID- 6670211 TI - [Effect of sodium chloride, a component of mineral water, on the penetration of iodine ions through the skin (experimental study)]. PMID- 6670212 TI - [Saunas as a means of increasing resistance to cold]. PMID- 6670214 TI - [Effect of slime mud applications and sea baths on the state of cellular immunity in patients with traumatic spinal cord diseases]. PMID- 6670213 TI - [Ultrasound and mud therapy in the treatment of patients with complicated forms of facial neuritis]. PMID- 6670215 TI - [Problem of scientifically-based objective criteria for the efficacy of sanatorium-health resort treatment]. PMID- 6670216 TI - [A container for mineral water]. PMID- 6670217 TI - [Evaluation of the hepatotoxic activity of several chlor-nitro derivatives of benzoic acid]. AB - Hepatotoxic effects of 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid (x-NBA), 3-nitrobenzoic acid (NBA) and 4-chlorobenzoic acid (CBA) were studied at the doses corresponding to LD50, 1/10 LD50 and 1/50 LD50. The toxic effects were estimated by monitoring alterations in activity of protein-synthesizing system in liver tissue and by the analyses for the presence in blood serum of two tissue-specific cytoplasmic enzymes of liver cells--urokaninase (EC 4.2.1.49) and histidase (EC 4.3.1.3). Single peroral administration of the toxic substances at a dose equal to LD50 led to dissimilar alterations in synthesis of liver proteins: activation within 0.5-5 hrs, distinct increase up to the maximal value within 60 hrs, with a gradual decrease approaching the control values within 8 days. Urokaninase and histidase activities were found in blood serum within 8 hrs after the intoxication, reaching the maximum within 15 hrs and exhibited the constant level during 25 hrs. Then the enzymatic activity was gradually decreased but it did not reach the control values within 70 hrs. After daily peroral administration of these toxic substances at the doses corresponding to 1/10 LD50 and 1/50 LD50, only the first dose inhibited the protein synthesis within 2 weeks. Within this period the enzymes studied were not found in blood serum. Distinct inhibition of the protein synthesis was observed within 4 weeks after administration of both these doses. In this case enzymatic activity was present in blood serum (up to 3 mumole/I L blood serum). Within 2 months after administration of these preparations the alterations studied were the most distinct. PMID- 6670218 TI - [Determination of the carotenoid content of human blood plasma by light scattering]. AB - Resonance combinational dispersion (RCD) of light was used for direct estimation of carotin in blood plasma without a previous extraction step. Intensity of RCD carotin lines in blood plasma correlated with that of standard beta-carotin solution in CCl4. Estimation of carotin concentration by means of RCD was compared with extraction-photometric procedure. The most suitable concentrations were 1.10(-5) = 1.10(-7) g/ml; 10 ml of blood plasma was sufficient for accurate measurements. PMID- 6670219 TI - [Development of a quick method of radioimmunoanalysis of myoglobin for the rapid diagnosis of myocardial infarction]. AB - Rapid radioimmunoassay of myoglobin is developed. The complete procedure requires about 60 min. The procedure might be used in routine laboratory practice. Content of myoglobin constituted from 14 to 56 ng/ml in blood serum preparations of 50 donors. In blood sera of 120 patients with acute myocardial infarction concentration of myoglobin was increased up to 90--6,000 ng/ml within 2-6 hrs, returning to the normal values within 38-48 hrs after the heart attack. PMID- 6670220 TI - [Effect of experimental hyperphenylalaninemia on the metabolism of gluco- and galactocerebrosides and sulfatides]. AB - Alterations in content of gluco- and galactocerebrosides were studied in brain of rats of various age. Specific radioactivity of glucocerebrosides exceeded distinctly that of galactocerebrosides. When chronic hyperphenylalaninemia was produced in adult rats, the specific radioactivity of brain cerebrosides and sulfatides decreased significantly. Content of these glycolipid fractions decreased only slightly in liver and spleen tissues. PMID- 6670222 TI - [Phospholipids in the liver and brain of animals in acute oxythiamine-induced avitaminosis B1]. AB - Under conditions of acute avitaminosis BI caused by hydroxythiamine administration, the amount of phosphatidyl ethanolamine was increased in animal liver tissue with simultaneous elevation of stearic and arachidonic fatty acids in the phospholipid. Incorporation of 2-14C-acetate into phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine as well as into their fatty acid residues was increased and incorporation of 2-14C-pyruvate--into phosphatidyl ethanolamine and its glycerol fragment was also increased. The content of these phospholipid fractions as well as incorporation of 2-14C-acetate and 2-14C-pyruvate into their structure were unaltered in rat brain tissue. PMID- 6670223 TI - [Characteristics of dyslipoproteinemia in patients with peripheral atherosclerosis]. AB - Reverse correlation between content of cholesterol in lipoproteins of high density (LPHD) and severity of clinical manifestations was observed in patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of legs. Concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and LPHD cholesterol were normal in the majority of patients but dyslipoproteinemia of various types including hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia, was noted in some patients. The molar ratio "cholesterol/phospholipids" was increased in erythrocytes of the patients examined, demonstrating the disbalance in cholesterol turnover between the cell membranes and blood lipoproteins. PMID- 6670221 TI - [Effect of olivomycin on the microsomal oxidation enzymes, the mitochondria and the protein-synthesizing apparatus of the rat liver in acute tetrachloromethane poisoning]. AB - Influence of olivomycin an inhibitor of protein biosynthesis on the enzymes of microsomal oxidation, bioenergetic processes in mitochondria and the polyribosomal profile in liver of rats intoxicated with tetrachloromethane was studied. It was established that the pretreatment of rats with olivomycin protected the hepatocytes from the effect of tetrachloromethane, reducing the hyperenzymaemia, hyperbilirubinemia, the degree of mitochondrial enzymes inhibition and the destruction of polyribosomes. Administration of olivomycin to healthy animals diminished the cytochrome P-450 content and led to slight changes of polyribosomal profile. Possible mechanisms of the protective effects of olivomycin under conditions of acute hepatic injury are discussed. PMID- 6670224 TI - [Effect of phenazepam and seduxen on the presence of histidase and urokinase in the blood]. AB - Liver tissue specific enzymes histidase and urokinase were found in blood of 160 rats after intraperitoneal administration of phenazepam at the doses of 1.0 and 2.5 mg/200 g of body weight as well as of diazepam at the dose of 2.0 mg/200 g. Administration of products of diazepam enzymatic degradation caused also the liberation of these enzymes from liver tissue into blood. PMID- 6670225 TI - [Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis]. PMID- 6670226 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of myasthenic crises]. PMID- 6670227 TI - [Rheography of the lungs and liver in the diagnosis of heart diseases in pregnancy]. PMID- 6670228 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of systemic arterial hypertension in chronic obstructive lung diseases]. PMID- 6670229 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of visceral syphilis]. PMID- 6670230 TI - [Diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 6670231 TI - [Significance of low molecular physiologically active substances in autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 6670232 TI - [Clinical and immunologic characteristics of arthritis of different etiologies]. PMID- 6670233 TI - [High molecular and euglobulin fractions of serum proteins in acute leukemia]. PMID- 6670234 TI - [Blood serum polyamines and their urinary excretion in malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 6670235 TI - [Blood kinin system in chronic gastroduodenitis during phonophoresis treatment with a medicinal herb decoction]. PMID- 6670236 TI - [Treatment of chronic hepatitis with etimizol and orkomin]. PMID- 6670237 TI - [Clinical case of Chiari's syndrome]. PMID- 6670238 TI - [Prevention of radiation reactions and complications during treatment of rectal cancer]. PMID- 6670239 TI - [Characteristics of current methods for differential diagnosis of lung diseases]. PMID- 6670240 TI - [Semeiotic and differential diagnostic characteristics of respiratory tuberculosis and chronic nonspecific lung diseases in the elderly and the aged]. PMID- 6670242 TI - [Effect of work activity on thermal adaptation reactions in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6670241 TI - [Factors influencing the frequency of allergic diseases in tuberculosis]. PMID- 6670243 TI - [Characteristics of acid-base balance disorders in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6670244 TI - [Diagnostic aspects of traumatic intracranial hematomas in the elderly and the aged]. PMID- 6670245 TI - [Effect of the age factor on functional and morphological changes in the kidneys in the acute period of cranio-cerebral injury]. PMID- 6670246 TI - [Comparative analysis of the morphofunctional characteristics of bone marrow cells preserved for long periods at low temperatures]. PMID- 6670247 TI - [Indications for treatment of chronic kidney insufficiency with hemodialysis]. PMID- 6670248 TI - [Structural characteristics and dynamics of monotypic attacks in recurrent schizophrenia]. PMID- 6670249 TI - [Methods of lowering the morbidity of workers in sugar beet factories]. PMID- 6670250 TI - [Pathogenesis of an infection induced in Syrian hamsters by attenuated strains of viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex]. AB - The results of virological and morphological study of the pathogenesis of the infection induced by viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex (attenuated TP-21 and E-30 strains) in Syrian hamsters with normal and suppressed immune response are presented. The data obtained indicate long-term persistence of the virus-specific antigen: sufficiently high titres of specific antibodies in the blood serum of the animals at late periods after virus inoculation, positive immunoenzyme tests for virus antigen in the meninges of the hamsters inoculated with the TP-21 strain. Features of the pathogenesis were found to be related to strain characteristics, particularly the degree of their attenuation. Chronic destructive process and reparative gliosclerosis were observed in the CNS of some animals due to Protozoa of the genus Encephalitozoon; in this connection, the necessity of differential diagnosis between cuniculosis and a process of virus genesis is emphasized. PMID- 6670252 TI - [Detection of the natural heterogeneity of natural populations of tick-borne encephalitis viruses and a grouping of the strains]. AB - Eighty strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus isolated from I. persulcatus ticks collected in 1976-1981 in the same biotopes in the south and north of the zone of coniferous-broad-leaved forests, and two biotopes of the southern taiga subzone of the Khabarovsk region and Sakhalin island, as well as from the brains of fatal cases were studied. Significant differences were found between maximal and minimal values of the invasive activity in spatially separated populations of the same zone (t = 2.32, P less than 0.02). Significant interpopulation differences were also found in the value of peripheral activity (t = = 2.77, P less than 0.02) and invasivity index (t = 3.83, P less than 0.01). Natural heterogeneity of the strains was found both by previously known markers (high neurovirulence for mice, invasivity index, plaque size in SPEV cell culture, viremia in mice, stability to thiamine 10X- and a new marker proposed by us: the degree of adsorption of hemagglutinins on an ion-exchanger DEAE-Sephadex A-50. Strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus were grouped in two landscape zones, this grouping indicated the existence of significant interpopulation differences. PMID- 6670251 TI - [Reversible dissociation of influenza virus ribonucleoprotein]. AB - Dissociation of influenza virus RNP under the effect of salt was studied. Separation of RNA and protein components of influenza virus RNP was shown to occur in a linear 15-30% sucrose concentration gradient containing 1.1 M NaCl. Upon RNP dissociation, protein-protein interactions between individual molecules of the structural protein were retained. The sedimentation coefficient of the protein component was 52S. The possibility of reassociation of the RNA-protein complex was studied. More complete reassociation was observed to occur in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl. The resulting RNA-protein complex morphologically is similar to the native RNP of influenza virus. PMID- 6670254 TI - [Ultrastructure of the retrovirus of human myeloma cells]. AB - Extracellular population of oncovirus of continuous human myeloma RPM18226 cells contains type D virions in addition to morphological types of A and C particles. Nucleoids of type D oncoviruses are encapsulated. Peculiar contacts morphologically similar to slit-like links between eucaryots were found between adjacent extracellular RPM18226V virions. Viral type A cores are formed both in any part of the cell hyaloplasm and on its surface. Comparative study of the ultrastructure of RPM18226V and some other retroviruses showed RPM18226V to be structurally and morphogenetically identical with squirrel monkey virus and, accordingly, should be classified in the group of type D oncoviruses (Retroviridae family, Oncoviridae subfamily, genus Oncovirus D). PMID- 6670253 TI - [Safety and high immunogenicity for children 3 to 15 of a mono- and a divaccine from recombinant influenza A/Brazil /11/78 (H1N1) and A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2) viruses obtained from a special donor attenuation base--the cold-adapted virus A/Leningrad/134/47/57 (H2N2)]. AB - The data on complete safety and high immunogenic potency of intranasal live influenza vaccine from the recombinant A/Brazil/11/78 (H1N1) and A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2) strains prepared with a special donor of attenuation, a cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/47/57 (H2N2) virus, have been obtained. The possibility of using a bivaccine from the recombinant strains constructed on the basis of a single donor of attenuation and inheriting from it most of the genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins was demonstrated. Administration of this bivaccine to children was not accompanied by any increase in the rate of postvaccination febrile reactions, but produced in the vaccinees an intensive immune response to the antigenic components of the vaccine which was in agreement with the data obtained after separate administration of monovaccines. PMID- 6670255 TI - [Role of individual genes in the manifestation of the pathogenicity of influenza viruses]. AB - The study elucidated the role of individual genes in manifestation of mouse pathogenicity by A/PR/8/34 and A/Seal/Massachusetts/1/80. The viruses were studied by the methods of recombination and molecular hybridization. The gene analysis showed that in a permissive system the pathogenicity of A/PR/8/34 strain was not associated with HA and NA surface glycoproteins. Gene P1 plays the decisive role in manifestation of pathogenicity of this strains. PMID- 6670256 TI - [Structural study of influenza A virus virions using cryogenic methods]. AB - The method of cryospalling was used to study formation of influenza A virus virion on the plasma membrane and to study the inner topography of virus membrane. This method is significantly superior to the others in that cryofixation of the native material constitutes one of its steps. The experiments showed that all budding virus particles were characteristically elongated and virions separating from the membrane acquired spherical shape. The mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed. Characteristics of four types of spalls of isolated virions are presented. An assumption is made with regard to the nature of intramembrane particles on the E-plane of influenza virion lipid membrane. PMID- 6670257 TI - [Effect of remantadine on the course of influenzal infection in immunosuppressed mice]. AB - The results of the study on the influence of remantadine on the course of experimental influenza infection in mice with immunity suppressed by cyclophosphamide are presented. Mice treated with cyclophosphamide were shown to have a more severe course of influenza infection. Remantadine, as an effective chemotherapeutic drug, decreased mortality rates in all the treated groups of the animals. PMID- 6670258 TI - [alpha-Interferon indices in systemic lupus erythematosus and the effect of interferon therapy]. AB - The effect of interferon inducers of viral and nonviral nature as well as of exogenous leukocyte interferon on interferon response of leukocytes (IRL) was studied in patients with different rheumatic diseases, mostly in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Studies in vitro showed that synthetic polyribonucleotide poly(1) X poly(C) induced in SLE patients on the average 3 times as high IRL indices as the viral interferon inducer Newcastle disease virus. A two-week course of treatment of some SLE patients with exogenous leukocyte interferon in various dosages (10(6), 3 X 10(5), and 10(4) units) resulted in a 2--16-fold increase of IRL values in the majority of the patients. PMID- 6670259 TI - [Isolation of the causative agent of calf enteritis in the Lithuanian SSR]. PMID- 6670260 TI - [Use of a polyethylene film for solid-phase radioimmunologic analysis of the influenza virus]. PMID- 6670261 TI - [Conditions for preserving the Simbu group of bunyaviruses]. PMID- 6670262 TI - [Effect of a single dose of cigarette smoke on the central hemodynamics, serum adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations and blood carboxyhemoglobin levels]. PMID- 6670263 TI - [Use of large doses of hydrocortisone in the treatment of shock in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6670264 TI - [Relation between thyroid hormone concentration of the blood and the blood collection site and circulatory status]. PMID- 6670265 TI - [Comparative studies on diagnostic values of urography, scintigraphy and renal angiography in the diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease]. PMID- 6670266 TI - [Effect of naprosin on the clinical picture and selected biochemical parameters in degenerative diseases of the peripheral joints]. PMID- 6670267 TI - [Repeated abdominal gynecological operations]. PMID- 6670268 TI - [Ejaculation blockade]. PMID- 6670269 TI - [Determination of schizophrenia risk factors in the diagnosis of neurotic syndromes]. PMID- 6670270 TI - [Various problems of the science of systemic syndromes in childhood. II]. PMID- 6670271 TI - [Digitalis-induced arrhythmia successfully treated with repeated defibrillation]. PMID- 6670272 TI - [Case of focal lymphatic hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma) of gastric mucosa]. PMID- 6670273 TI - [Giant retroperitoneal cystic uterine myoma]. PMID- 6670274 TI - [Value of drop tests in the diagnosis of Raeder's syndrome]. PMID- 6670275 TI - [Laboratory medicine. Presentation of a new specialty]. PMID- 6670276 TI - [Identification of hemoglobin D Punjab (beta 121 glu replaced by gln) in an Austrian family. Sequence analysis of the abnormal tryptic peptide beta XTp13]. AB - In the course of a screening programme for gestational diabetes an abnormal haemoglobin fraction was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), used for Hb A1c-quantification. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis revealed a heterozygote haemoglobinopathy with approximately equal amounts of Hb A1 and of an abnormal haemoglobin which migrated in the position of Hb S under the conditions used. Preparative separation of these haemoglobin components was performed by use of a DEAE-cellulose column and standard conditions. alpha- and beta-chains were isolated with CM-sepharose and buffer containing 8M urea. The abnormal component of the aberrant haemoglobin was found to be the beta-chains in reconstitution experiments with globin-chains and haemin. A tryptic hydrolysate of the isolated abnormal beta-chains was analysed by means of HPLC and a C2 reverse phase (RP2). Rechromatography of the abnormal fractions on a C18 reverse phase (ODS) led to a pure preparation of peptide beta XTp13. The amino acid sequence analysis of this peptide showed an exchange of glutamic acid to glutamine in position beta 121 (beta 121 Glu----Gln). By these means evidence was obtained for the existence of a heterozygote Hb D Punjab state in the observed patient. PMID- 6670277 TI - [Thrombocyte migration test--method, value and reproducibility]. AB - A method for platelet migration testing is presented. The results are comparable using sodium citrate and acid citrate dextrose as anticoagulants, whereas other anticoagulants lead to lower absolute migration. The day-to-day variability of the method is higher than the intra-day variability. The variability between the patients is higher than that between measurements carried out on the same patient. There is no correlation to ADP-induced platelet aggregation. PMID- 6670279 TI - [The concept of Job syndrome]. AB - The so-called Job's syndrome belongs to the group of diseases designated "chronic granulomatous disease", characterized by recurrent suppurative infections of the skin, eczema, nail dystrophy, conjunctivitis, lymphadenitis and pulmonary infections. Leucocyte function is defective; the nature of the defect has not yet been elucidated. High immunoglobulin E levels are characteristic. The historical background to this syndrome is outlined. PMID- 6670278 TI - [Non-enzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin and serum protein in children with galactosemia]. AB - Non-enzymatic galactosylation has been investigated by in vitro incubation of red cell haemolysate, a HbAo-preparation and of GBM of healthy children. The effects of non-enzymatic galactosylation of haemoglobin has been studied by high pressure liquid chromatography, the effects of GBM galactosylation by immunoelectrophoresis. Subsequently, the occurrence of elevated values for HbAIa c and GSP was evaluated in 14 galactosaemic children (11 transferase deficiency, 3 galactokinase deficiency), as well as urinary acid glycosaminoglycae excretion and GBM immunoelectrophoretic mobility in 6 of these 14 children measured. The results were compared to the respective values of healthy control children. After exclusion of significant non-enzymatic glucosylation by measuring postprandial blood glucose values the galactosaemic children showed significantly increased values for HbAIa-c (8.85 +/- 2.0% versus 7.7 +/- 0.3%; p less than 0.02), for GSP (0.43 +/- 0.13 mmol 5-HMF/mg protein versus 0.32 +/- 0.07 mmol 5-HMF/mg protein; p less than 0.005) as well as for urinary acid glycosaminoglycane excretion (45.3 +/- 23.4 micrograms/mg kreatinine versus 9.9 +/- 2.3 micrograms/mg Kreatinine; p less than 0.01). 3 out of the 6 children showed alpha 1-immunoelectrophoretic mobility of GBM antigens which was found also after incubation of GMB with galactose. The other 3 children had alpha 2-immobility, which was found in the healthy controls as well as in the control incubations. The impact of galactose on increased non-enzymatic glycosylation in children with galactosaemia as well as the significance of this finding for diagnostic purposes or for clarifying pathophysiological aspects of the disease remains to be studied further. PMID- 6670280 TI - [Celery allergy (celery contact urticaria syndrome) and relation to allergies to other plant antigens]. AB - Comparative study of 13 patients (group A) with severe attacks of angio-oedema and urticaria after eating celery and 143 atopics with hypersensitivity to mugwort-pollen (group B). Due to the severity of the reactions (group A) no oral provocation tests were performed. Scratch chamber tests with raw and cooked celery (and related plants) confirmed the case histories. RAST answers to celery were compared for both groups. RAST inhibition indicated that celery and mugwort pollen and also celery and birch-pollen allergens cross-react. Whether or not the reactions (in group A) are type I allergic or non-specific reactions is discussed. The term celery-"contact urticaria syndrome" should be used (Maibach and Johnson, 1975). PMID- 6670281 TI - Epidermal Langerhans cells in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. AB - The purpose of the study was to examine whether apposition between epidermal Langerhans cells and atypical lymphoid cells is a constant finding in mycosis fungoides (MF) and whether it also occurs in the Sezary syndrome (SS). Biopsies of 8 patients with MF and 2 patients with SS were examined by transmission electron microscopy. In both cases of SS and in 7 cases of MF appositions between the 2 types of cells were observed. The appositions were less frequently seen in stage III MF lesions than in MF stage II. The cell membranes of the Langerhans cells and the apposed atypical lymphoid cells formed gap junction-like structures in several instances. Our results indicate that the phenomenon of cellular interaction between epidermal Langerhans cells and atypical lymphoid cells is a constant finding in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. PMID- 6670282 TI - [Effect of chloroquine diphosphate on the superhelix structure of DNA and protein synthesis in synovial cells in chronic polyarthritis]. AB - The influence of chloroquine diphosphate on protein synthesis in synovial fluid cells was investigated in 8 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Intraarticular injection of chloroquine diphosphate at a dose of 25 mg and 50 mg is followed a small decrease in incorporation of 3H-marked amino acids into the synovial fluid cells. Above a dose of 100 mg the protein synthesis is significant reduced. In a second experiment the supercoiled structure of DNA under C1Q was lost. After 2 hours the chain breaks were repaired. PMID- 6670283 TI - [Reactive arthritis--clinical aspects and course]. AB - Post-enteritis reactive arthritis-mainly caused by Yersinia enterocolitica-has succeeded rheumatic fever as the most frequent postinfection arthritis in Northern and Central Europe. Aetiologically important are infective diseases produced by "arthritogenic" bacteria--as a trigger, and genetic predisposition, indicated by a high incidence of HLA-B27 (80%). Over a period of 5 years 51 cases of post-enteritis reactive arthritis were diagnosed in our clinic; the patients- after the first examination--were followed up for several years. The typical clinical findings initially were an asymmetric oligoarthritis, mainly affecting knees, ankles and toes. Transitory low-back pain and heel pain were the most important concomitant findings. Transient liver involvement was indicated by pathological laboratory tests in 12 cases. Acute primary disease was determined at latest within one year (average duration 6.5 months). In the follow-up period 7 patients developed symptoms of a chronic seronegative spondylarthritis. Thus, post-enteritis reactive arthritis may often represent the first manifestation of a chronic disease of the seronegative spondylarthritis group, e.g. Reiter's syndrome. PMID- 6670284 TI - [Oligoarthritic joint symptoms of the hands in metastasizing bronchial carcinoma]. AB - Bronchial carcinomata very frequently metastasize to bony tissue. The most common sites are generally known, but metastases can also occur in atypical locations where they then simulate other clinical syndromes. The present paper describes the clinical picture of a patient with small-cell bronchial carcinoma metastasizing to the finger joints. The frequency of this manifestation is investigated on the basis of the literature. PMID- 6670285 TI - The Ngaglik study: an inquiry into birth interval dynamics and maternal and child health in rural Java. AB - Preliminary analysis of the Ngaglik Study has been able to confirm much of what we knew about birth interval dynamics from past retrospective studies, while also adding new insights into birth spacing and maternal and child health in rural Java. In Ngaglik, a median duration of breast-feeding of over 2 years is associated with durations of lactational amenorrhoea of over a year on average, despite the very early introduction of other foods in the infant diet. Postpartum abstinence appears to play a role in birth spacing for many women, though as previous research has shown, it does not extend throughout the breast-feeding period and tends to be more abbreviated among younger, higher socioeconomic status individuals. The extent to which maternal nutrition affects the return of postpartum fecundity will be a central topic for more detailed investigation, though preliminary results do not lend support to nutrition as a major determinant. The anthropometry of women during pregnancy shows strong evidence of nutritional stress during the third trimester and, in general, provides valuable data for comparison with other Indonesian and international data. Maternal nutritional measurement during the postpartum period is perhaps even more valuable, since few studies anywhere have recorded detailed patterns of change during the months following childbirth. Among Ngaglik women, for example, upper arm measurements show very low values immediately after parturition, rising during the early months postpartum prior to a gradual decline. Nutritional indicators for lactators are somewhat higher than for non-lactators over the first year postpartum. Morbidity data for both mothers and children show frequent reported illness episodes and a wide variety of modern and traditional treatment patterns. The more than 8 000 observations of infant growth provide one of the few sources of such information for an Indonesian population, and data on primary tooth eruption will be used to relate dentition patterns to exact ages of child. A distinctive feature of the Ngaglik Study is the inclusion of attitudinal data and information on beliefs and customs, which will aid in interpreting behaviour patterns, will allow future detailed analysis to be set in a cultural context, and will help in the design of modern health and nutrition intervention programmes aimed at women and children during their most vulnerable stages of the life-cycle. PMID- 6670286 TI - A comparison of socioeconomic differences in mortality between Japan and England and Wales. AB - Japan and England and Wales have long traditions of publishing mortality rates by occupation. These data have been used in the present study to see how mortality from different causes of death is related to socioeconomic status in each country. In general, males in higher employment grades have been found to have lower mortality from most diseases. However, because mortality from certain diseases such as diabetes mellitus and ischaemic heart disease has been higher in the upper social classes (but is now lower in the upper classes) the relationship is not necessarily consistent. The aim of this study was, by comparing rates for Japan with those for England and Wales, to highlight differences in socioeconomic gradients which may indicate etiological differences between the 2 countries. PMID- 6670287 TI - Research on the effects of hormonal contraceptives on lactation: current findings, methodological considerations and future priorities. PMID- 6670288 TI - A comparison of reported differences in definitions of vital events and statistics. PMID- 6670289 TI - Cancer statistics in developing countries. Report on a WHO meeting, Nagoya, Japan, 18-22 August, 1981. PMID- 6670290 TI - Results of an ad hoc survey on infant and child mortality in Sudan: a summary report. PMID- 6670291 TI - Disorders of colonic motility in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Motility disturbances of the colon can give significant symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus. Constipation is a common complaint in these patients. Diarrhea associated with a generalized autonomic neuropathy can be very troublesome. There is a disturbance in the gastrocolonic response to eating in patients with diabetes mellitus who have constipation. These patients have no postprandial increase in colonic motility. However, their colonic smooth muscle contracts normally to the exogenous administration of neostigmine or metoclopramide. Stool softeners used in combination with the smooth muscle stimulants (neostigmine or metoclopramide) are helpful in treating constipation in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diarrhea can be treated with loperamide or diphenoxylate. Biofeedback may be useful in treating incontinence associated with diarrhea in these patients. PMID- 6670292 TI - The effect of endotoxin and endotoxin tolerance on inflammation induced by mycobacterial adjuvant. AB - Peptidoglycan, the substance in mycobacteria thought to be responsible for inducing adjuvant arthritis, and endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide or LPS) share many inflammatory properties. Since repeated administration of LPS produces tolerance, i.e., resistance to the toxic and inflammatory effects of LPS, we tested whether LPS and/or LPS tolerance might influence inflammation due to mycobacterial adjuvant. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with Escherichia coli LPS or saline intraperitoneally and then challenged with 100 micrograms killed Mycobacteria butyricum (adjuvant) in the footpad. A single dose of 100 micrograms LPS three or 24 hours before adjuvant markedly, but transiently, reduced the local footpad swelling that begins within hours of the adjuvant injection and histologically resembles a sterile abscess. Animals that received multiple doses of LPS and were therefore tolerant or animals that received LPS 72 hours before adjuvant demonstrated adjuvant-induced footpad swelling nearly equal to controls. The anti-inflammatory effect of LPS was transient since footpad swelling in all groups was nearly comparable six days after the adjuvant injection and LPS failed to inhibit consistently the arthritis that develops two or more weeks after adjuvant injection. These studies establish that LPS can markedly inhibit the prodrome of adjuvant arthritis (footpad swelling due to M. butyricum), that inhibition of this prodrome does not prevent the subsequent development of arthritis, and that LPS tolerance diminishes this anti-inflammatory effect of LPS. PMID- 6670294 TI - Production of oxalic acid by some fungi infected tubers. AB - Oxalic acid (as oxalate) was detected in four tubers commonly used for food in Nigeria-Dioscorea rotundata (White yam), Solanum tuberosum (Irish potato), Ipomoea batatas (Sweet potato), and Manihot esculenta (cassava). Whereas healthy I. batata had the highest oxalic acid content, healthy M. esculenta contained the lowest. When all tubers were artifically inoculated with four fungi-Penicillium oxalicum CURIE and THOM, Aspergillus niger VAN TIEGH, A. flavus and A. tamarii KITA, there was an increase in oxalate content/g of tuber tissue. The greatest amount of oxalate was produced by P. oxalicum in D. rotundata tuber. Consistently higher amounts of oxalate were produced by the four fungi in infected sweet potato tuber than in any other tuber and consistently lower amounts of oxalate were produced by the four fungi in Irish potato tuber. Differences in the carbohydrate type present in the tubers and in the biosynthesis pathway are thought to be responsible for variation in the production of oxalate in the different tubers by the four fungi used. PMID- 6670295 TI - Double or triple sets of replication functions as inverted and direct repeats on in vitro reconstructed streptococcal MLS resistance plasmids. AB - In vitro rearrangement of plasmid pDB102 together with comparative studies of other streptococcal plasmids allowed the localization of replication and copy control functions on sequences which were present on pDB102 and its naturally occurring ancestor pSM19035 as duplicates in inverted orientation. Evidence is presented that neither the presence of duplicate replication regions nor their arrangement in inverted orientation was essential for plasmid survival. Among the in vitro reconstructed plasmids were several that stably carried two or three sets of replication and copy control functions either as inverted or direct repeats or both. A copy control mutation is described which led to a tenfold increase of copy number over that of the naturally occurring plasmid pSM19035. PMID- 6670293 TI - Elevated transaminases and hepatomegaly in an obese diabetic. AB - A 61-year-old obese female presented with hypothyroidism, insulin-independent diabetes mellitus, and asymptomatic hepatomegaly. The diagnostic evaluation of hepatomegaly with elevated transaminase is discussed. Liver biopsy findings are discussed. Plans for therapy are presented and evaluated. PMID- 6670296 TI - Uncoupling of respiration in turimycin fermentations. AB - Results furnish evidence for a partial uncoupling of respiration at conditions of phosphate limitation in turimycin fermentations. The uncoupling was primarily caused by the high intracellular ATP hydrolase activity and probably also by the CN-resistant respiration. The results support the idea that high dephoshorylating enzyme activities may have a regulatory effect on the secondary product biosynthesis. PMID- 6670297 TI - Bioconversions of a macrolide glycoside by growing L-form cells of Streptomyces hygroscopicus. AB - Growing L-form cells of Streptomyces hygroscopicus were shown to carry out 3-0 acylation and 14-C-hydroxylation of a macrolide glycoside suggesting that both types of bioconversion do neither require the intact cell wall nor the periplasmic space. PMID- 6670298 TI - [Diagnostic importance of erythrocyte volume]. PMID- 6670299 TI - [Prazosin (Adversuten)]. PMID- 6670300 TI - [The problem of ergotism in thrombosis prevention with drugs]. PMID- 6670301 TI - [Cancer prevention, a important task for all physicians]. PMID- 6670302 TI - [Request for abortion after the 12th week]. PMID- 6670303 TI - [Analysis of child and adolescent neuropsychiatric activity in Hoyerswerda District--a pilot study]. PMID- 6670305 TI - [Chemodectoma of the carotid body]. PMID- 6670304 TI - [Municipal hygienic aspects of hospital hygiene. 1. Aspects of health facility location, water and sewage hygiene and refuse disposal]. PMID- 6670306 TI - [Clostridium difficile]. PMID- 6670307 TI - [Organization of a system of complex rehabilitation of all patients who suffered an acute myocardial infarction using as an example the district of Cottbus in the years 1978 - 1981]. PMID- 6670309 TI - [Preservation of kidneys at low temperatures--basic principles and methods]. PMID- 6670308 TI - [Coronary risk and occupational activity]. PMID- 6670310 TI - [Community health aspects of hospital hygiene. 2. Aspects of noise protection, air hygiene and air conditioning in hospitals]. PMID- 6670311 TI - [Fatal adrenal hemorrhage during anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 6670312 TI - [Panmixia hypothesis, Pi-system and Hp-protein types - possibilities and limits of the X2 adaptation test]. PMID- 6670313 TI - [The socialist health system in the Republic of Cuba]. PMID- 6670314 TI - [Current status of laparoscopy in gynecology]. PMID- 6670315 TI - [Role of general air pollution in the etiology of lung cancer]. AB - In a short review the relations known between general air pollution and the occurrence of lung cancer are analyzed. There is a great number of circumstances arousing suspicion of a causal connection, nevertheless, they do not prove anything. In no case general air pollution is responsible for more than 20% of all cases of lung cancer, and even this seems probably to be too high an estimation. PMID- 6670316 TI - [Occupational exposure to harmful substances and its significance in the development of chronic obstructive lung diseases]. AB - Smoking and professional influence of harmful substances prevail epidemiologically in the etiology of chronic obstructive lung diseases. Often, both factors act additively. Chronic obstructive lung disease of irritative and allergic pathogenesis are steadily increasing in the statistics of GDR. Dust of mineral, animal and vegetable origin are prevailing, however, chemical inhalative damages are gaining increasing significance. The problem of demarcating occupational from nonoccupational influence factors is discussed. PMID- 6670317 TI - [Epidemiology of chronic non-specific lung disease in persons employed in animal production]. AB - In 2,091 agricultural workers (animal production, plant production, agrochemistry) the parameters of ventilatory screening FVC and FEV 1.0 were investigated, completed by determination of PaO2 in 1,324 persons with the intention of making evident differences of pulmonary function for diagnosis between these fields of activity. The persons employed in animal production showed more obstructive disturbances of ventilation and highly significantly lower values of PaO2 than the persons in plant production. The regression coefficient b1 for the decrease of PaO2 in dependence on the duration of activity was more than double as high in animal production than in plant production. The exposure to organic dust (of irritative, allergenic, infectious, toxic action) must be regarded as the essential etiologic factor in animal production. PMID- 6670318 TI - [Pilot study of chronic bronchitis in varnished wire production]. AB - Until now knowledge on hazardous effects of wire-varnishings on the lung is insufficient. 31 wire-varnishers and 33 wire-drawers were studied by questionnaire, physical examination and lung function tests. The varnishers showed significant signs of small airways disease (decreased MEF50 and MEF75). They had symptoms like cough, phlegm and wheezing more often than the drawers. These findings supported the argumentation to acknowledge existing chronic bronchitis as a professional disease in three cases. PMID- 6670319 TI - [Task catalogue for Policlinical Departments for Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis for carrying out current fitness and supervision examinations on occupational medicine in the district of Schwerin]. AB - To the pneumologist manifold tasks are arising by the new fitness and supervision examinations in occupational medicine for improving health protection of workers; they can be solved only in cooperation and coordination with occupational medicine. PMID- 6670320 TI - [Human respiration models and critical observations on respiratory mechanical parameters]. AB - This paper is meant to summarize and compare certain conceptions of modelling human breathing as published by several authors. By means of respiratory mechanics models various definitions of lung mechanics parameters are stated. In lung function diagnostics and artificial ventilation control the generally used parameters are based on different conceptions of models of respiratory processes. For this reason it is necessary to agree on definitions of comparable parameters and to make clear meaning of terms as a base for giving reproductive measurement instructions and obtaining comparable measuring results. PMID- 6670321 TI - [Peculiarities of respiration mechanics in spontaneously breathing newborn infants. 1. Principles of the measurement technics]. AB - Disturbances of breathing mechanics may involve disturbances of ventilation as one cause of hypoxaemia. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of breathing mechanics has several diagnostical and therapeutical advantages, but their application in newborns, under conditions of spontaneous ventilation, is rendered more difficult by the missing co-operation of the newborns and by the missing of suitable measurement devices for a bedside measurement. The determination of parameters of breathing mechanics is based on the measurement of breathing flow rate (V), tidal volume (VT) and esophageal pressure (Pe). Bodyplethysmographs, face masks and nasal prongs can be used for the measurement of V and VT, however, face masks have the most methodological and technical advantages for the bedside application, moreover, they guarantee a very low injury of newborns. Until now the fluid-filled open catheter is used most frequently for the measurement of esophageal pressure, however, it will be replaced in future by the microtip pressure transducer (Tip-catheter), which offers fundamental advantages. In addition to these technical problems the complete clinical application of breathing mechanical investigations is rendered more difficult, because the standardization of the investigative conditions, the parameters and the proposals on evaluation techniques are absent until now. PMID- 6670322 TI - [Effect of nitrate on erythrocytes in the rat in subchronic experiments]. PMID- 6670323 TI - [Comparative impulse cytophotometric determination of DNA in the cell nucleus of various organs of outbred and K-inbred strain of rat]. PMID- 6670324 TI - [Cryopreserved bull semen as the test specimen for screening environmental pollutants (the sperm test)]. PMID- 6670325 TI - [Psychodiagnostic results of workers exposed to CS2 with special reference to repeated examinations]. PMID- 6670326 TI - [Recommendations for the evaluation of dynamic work involving various muscle masses using the physical endurance limit]. PMID- 6670328 TI - [Evaluation and classification of ecotoxicologically relevant substances based on their chemical structure]. PMID- 6670327 TI - [Lung cancer in the male population of the district of Neubrandenburg is in the epidemiologic state of equilibrium]. PMID- 6670329 TI - [Determination of the mercury content within the range of nanograms in biologic material and soil samples using an efficient method of analysis - a decomposing method for organic soil material]. PMID- 6670330 TI - [Determination of the mercury content within the range of nanograms in biologic material and soil samples using an efficient method of analysis - technical solution to measuring the analytic method]. PMID- 6670331 TI - [Determination of the limits for gaseous and steam admixtures in the air of homes and social centers]. PMID- 6670332 TI - [Monitoring odors as a physicochemical and psychophysiological problem]. PMID- 6670333 TI - [Air hygiene studies using adsorptive enrichment and gas chromatography]. PMID- 6670334 TI - [Studies of the vertical structure of SO2 emission load using measurements at a high-rise building]. PMID- 6670336 TI - [The effect of sunlight on the air temperature in camping tents]. PMID- 6670335 TI - [Air-borne dust exposure during the sorting of raw tobacco leaves]. PMID- 6670337 TI - [Hepatic clearance of aminopyrine in the evaluation of liver function in hormonal contraception]. AB - The function of microsomal destructing medicaments enzyme systems of the liver cell under hormonal contraception was objectified with the help of the aminopyrine test. After the oral administration of 9 mg dimethylaminoantipyrine (DMAAP) per kg body-weight together with 111 kBq 14C-DMAAP the elimination of 14CO2 was measured on the basis of the decrease of the radioactivity in the expiration air (respiration test). The plasma levels of DMAAP and its metabolites were measured, too. The two measurements lasted 5 hours. In contrast to a control group consisting of 8 women with healthy liver who were not ovulostatically treated (half-value time 14CO2-DMAAP 2.9 +/- 0.8 h, plasma 2.2 +/- 0.5 h) in 20 test women with healthy liver under ovulation inhibitors the elimination of 14CO2 DMAAP with 4.7 +/- 1.6 was clearly (alpha less than 0.01), the plasma elimination with 3.0 +/- 0.8 h was slightly retarded (alpha less than 0.05). In 19 patients with histologically ascertained chronic hepatopathies of above all insignificant degree of severity (13 degenerative lesions of liver parenchyma, 3 fatty livers stage I or II, 1 chronic active hepatitis each, chronic persisting hepatitis and cirrhosis) under hormonal contraception a half-value time of the 14CO2 elimination (alpha less than 0.001) prolonged to 5.0 +/- 1.5 h and a prolongation of the plasma elimination to 3.8 +/- (alpha less than 0.05). In 9 women in double examinations the 14CO2 elimination of the DMAAP after discontinuation of the application of ovulation inhibitors was compared with the values obtained under hormonal contraception and a regression of the retarded excretion in the expiration air (4.2 +/- 2.3 less than 5.1 +/- 1.2 h) and plasma (2.6 +/- 0.7 less than 3.4 +/- 1.7) was proved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6670338 TI - [Capillary fragility in diabetics and its modification by calcium dobesilate]. AB - Investigations of the peripheral capillary resistance with the congestion test after Rumpel-Leede resulted in a maximally increased vascular fragility in 172 diabetics in 72% of the cases and in 54 test persons with healthy metabolism in 11% of the cases. Clear sex or age relations could not be proved. The high proportion of pathological test results already after a short duration of diabetes (beyond the 5th year 75%) and in ophthalmoscopically not yet provable retinopathy (70%) renders evident the increased capillary fragility as a symptom of the functional prephase of the specific microangiopathy and at the same time confirms its generalized character. In 115 diabetics with high-degree pathological congestion test (IVb) a 4-week treatment with 750 mg calcium dobesilate led in 94 cases to an improvement of the findings, in 17 patients to a complete normalization. On the basis of this result as well as of pathogenetic considerations calcium dobesilate offers itself as an adjuvant treatment measure which is early to be used. The influence of a simultaneously present hypertension on the development of microangiopathy became clear at the significantly more frequent pathological and medicamentously essentially worse influencible capillary resistance. PMID- 6670339 TI - [Prognostic significance of the resting ECG of diabetics--results of a 10-year analysis]. AB - On 226 diabetics at the age of greater than or equal to 40 years the prognostic evidence of the ECG after resting using the Minnesota code was prospectively analysed with regard to the life expectancy in the subsequent 10 years. During this period 65 diabetics died, 46 of them of vascular and 19 of another cause of death. Essential results of the analysis are Diabetics with Q/QS types (code 1.1 1.2) as well as repolarisation disturbances (code 4.1-4.3/5.1-5.3) in the ECG showed a higher lethality rate in the observation period (48.8%) than those ones with an ECG unsuspicious of ischaemic heart disease (15.9%). When a hypertension is simultaneously present the prognosis is additionally loaded. The proportion of ECG-findings suspicious of ischaemic heart disease was initially only 62.3% in diabetics with coronary cause of death. A relation between codation pattern and year of death in a temporary interval to the ECG-registration could not be established. PMID- 6670340 TI - [Use of propranolol in essential hypertension--results of a 10-year therapeutic course study]. AB - For the control of the antihypertensive efficacy and the long-term tolerance in 1970 156 stable essential hypertensives of the clinical stages I-III were stablized with propranolol (obsidan). After an observation of the course lasting at first one year 58% (n = 90) proved as propranolol responders, 72 of them could be led monotherapeutically over 10 years (maximum mean dose 157 mg/die). The permanent propranolol therapy caused a persisting decrease of blood pressure in the non-hypertensive region (RR less than 160/95 mm Hg) by systolically on an average--44 mm Hg and diastolically--22 mm Hg with an adequate mean reduction of the heart rate of 19% compared with the basis values. Under conditions of the bicycle ergometer (watt-degree test) a significant decrease of the mean values of heart rate and blood pressure depending on the load as well as the tension-time index could be established; at the same time the physical work capacity increased on an average by 25 Watt. After an abrupt interruption of the chronic propranolol therapy (partial study in 29 hypertensives) blood pressure and heart rate again increased only relatively retardedly. In 10 cases a remaining normotension was observed during the therapy-free phase. There were no paradoxical reactions or discontinuation phenomena; altogether the number of side-effects was low. As a result of our 10-year study of the administration of propranolol the high value of the beta-receptor blockers as a basis medication is to be emphasized in the therapy of hypertension. PMID- 6670341 TI - [Effectiveness of different intervention measures in children and adolescents with hypertension and lipid metabolism disorders]. AB - 141 children and adolescents (7-21 years, mean age 14.2 years) showed values of blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglycerides greater than or equal to 90 percentile and HDL-cholesterol values less than or equal to 10 during an examination of 639 children of parents with distinct coronary risk factors or early percentile infarction. By randomization they were subdivided into two groups. (A and B) and underwent intervention measures of different intensity. While group B got only a unique recommendation concerning the preventive measures, in group A a regular, non medicamentous individual treatment was performed. After one year a decrease of blood pressure could be proved in the two groups. A significant decrease of total and HDL cholesterol was found only in group A. While the blood pressure was most clearly reduced in 7-13-year-old children, the most distinct lipid changes were shown in 14-17-year-old adolescents. An influence on body-weight and triglycerides could not be established. Our results confirm the possibilities and also the limits of preventive measures in childhood and adolescence. Apart from the intended decrease of blood pressure and total cholesterol the simultaneous decrease of HDL cholesterol refers to open questions in the conception of the primary prevention, particularly in children. PMID- 6670342 TI - [Gastroduodenal Crohn disease. Presentation with a case report]. AB - On the basis of a casuistics the infrequent isolated manifestation of a morbus Crohn in the duodenum is discussed. Apart from the clinical symptomatology the radiological and endoscopic proof of a segmentary stenosis is the most important diagnostic reference. The histological ascertainment of the granulomatous inflammation by aimed endoscopic biopsies is successful only at a low percentage, so that the synopsis of the findings is decisive for the diagnosis. PMID- 6670343 TI - [Damage caused by antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents]. AB - Side effects of antibiotics are based on direct toxic effects, depending on dose and excretion function, on allergico-immunological reactions and on interactions with other pharmaca. Furthermore the falsification of laboratory parameters and the disturbance of the microecology are significant. World-wide clinical observations lasting for decades are the basis of the knowledge about frequent and infrequent side effects. As to the most frequently used remedies from the groups of the antibiotics, antimicrobial chemotherapeutics and systemic antimycotics, these side effects were described in detail. PMID- 6670344 TI - Studies on the histogenesis of the tunica mucosa of the small and large intestines of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). II. Histogenesis of the colonic mucosa. AB - The colon is at first a simple tube, and its mucosa has a smooth luminal surface, surrounding a previous lumen. At the 150 mm stage the mucosa is thrown into a number of stout projections, each has a vascularized mesenchymal core and an epithelial cloth. These projections are in turn split into finger-like villi by transverse furrows. The villi reach their maximal length at the 260 mm stage and then gradually degenerate and slough into the lumen. The villi were completely disappeared at the 730 mm stage. The colonic glands were firstly observed at the 200 mm stage as downgrowths of the intervillous epithelium and they increase in number by dichotomous division of their bases. The Lamina muscularis mucosae is completely constructed at the 730 mm stage. PMID- 6670345 TI - Alterations in microvilli of uterine epithelial cells after colchicine treatment. AB - Colchicine has been injected intra-peritoneally to pregnant rats to determine the effect of this drug on the microvilli of uterine luminal epithelial cells. Microvilli in control animals (saline injected) were 0.51 +/- 0.07 micron tall, whereas in colchicine treated they were only 0.24 +/- 0.02 micron tall. We conclude that colchicine reduces microvillar height in these cells via interaction with microtubules, and suggest that modulations of microtubules probably contribute to the alterations in the microvilli of these cells seen during normal pregnancy. PMID- 6670346 TI - Metamorphic changes in the neurosecretory cells of Diacrisia obliqua Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). AB - 4 PF-positive NSC appear for the first time in each brain hemisphere on 4th day of exclosion. B-, C- and D-cells appear in the pars intercerebralis region on the second day in the 2nd instar. 3 lateral NSC appear for the first time in this instar. 2 A4-cells appear in the tritocerebral region of the 4th instar. An increase in the number and size of the NSC is noted in the successive instars. A3 cells appear for the first time in 5th instar. The secretory phases in the pupal period are completed in three "stages" which last for 3.3 and 4 days respectively. Adults lack PF-positive cells in the lateral and tritocerebral regions. Females show accumulation of NSM before mating which depletes gradually as the mating time reaches. PMID- 6670347 TI - Regeneration of hydra damaged by zolone PM insecticide. AB - The zolone PM (phosalone) insecticide in the suspensions used destroys parts of the hypostome, ruins many buds and budless hydras. In the insecticide suspension a hydra shrinks and assumes the smallest surface. It is due to this that the surface mucous layer thickens and epidermal and gastrodermal cells become highly squeezed together. The insecticide penetrates the hypostomal opening and destroys hypostomal cells but does not act specifically upon a certain type of cells. Gradually, other cells replace the destroyed ones. They arrive from the gastrodermal region. Among them, zymogen cells, capable of differentiation und dedifferentiation into other types of cells, play the most significant part. PMID- 6670348 TI - [Ultrastructural changes during atresia in human ovarian follicles. I. Primordial follicles]. AB - Ultrastructural signs of atresia were studied in healthy women between 25 and 36 years of age. As a morphologic correlate of incipient atresia the dispersion of the paranuclear complex of organelles (Balbiani's yolk nucleus) and a significant affection of mitochondria were detected. The latter structures showed higher electron density of the matrix and fewer cristae, compared with normal oocytes. Dilation of endoplasmic reticulum tubules and vesicles and presence of numerous various-sized ooplasmic vacuoles were noted. Deep invaginations and dilation of the nuclear envelope were also observed in terminal phases of atresia. The atretic follicles were lined by dark and light granulosa cells arranged partly over each other. The character of their cytologic changes was similar to those described in the oocytes. In most atretic follicles there were found deposits of extracellular material, after ruthenium red staining reminding of the zona pellucida, between the oocyte and the granulosa cells, sometimes exclusively between the granulosa cells. PMID- 6670349 TI - Further observations concerning the motor innervation of the tensor tympani muscle of the cat. AB - The cat tensor tympani muscle presented an uncommon ultrastructural organization of neuromuscular junctions compared with those in the other striated muscles. In cross sections, individual neuromuscular junctions had very extended contact area of the nerve terminal and muscle fiber, the terminal bouton was covering as a "calyx" the postjunctional muscle fiber. Long basal lamina was interposed between them. The sarcolemma at the level of the nerve terminal had multiple infoldings along its length, or smooth postjunctional muscle membrane was found beneath endings on both fiber types. PMID- 6670350 TI - Histochemical localization of ascorbic acid in the testis, epididymis and vas deferens of some rodents. AB - Histochemical localization of ascorbic acid was carried out in the testis, epididymis and vas deferens of rat, guinea pig, mouse and also human beings, using a modified technique (CHINOY and SANJEEVAN 1978). The staining pattern was same in all cases, wherein, the nuclei were stained more intensely as compared to the cytoplasm. The luminal spermatozoa were also darkly stained. The significance of the localization is discussed in the light of the recent findings. PMID- 6670351 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of the intestinal mucosa of an Indian freshwater adult major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). AB - Fine anatomical structures of the different regions (viz., anterior, middle and posterior) of the intestinal mucosa in adult Labeo rohita (Hamilton) have been studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Surface mucosal modifications of the anterior and the middle of the intestine not only increase the luminal surface by 2-4 times but serve also the storage function of the ingested food due to the absence of stomach in the fish studied. Fine anatomical structures of the columnar epithelial and goblet cells of the mucosa have been studied in detail. The height and complexity of the microridges on the luminal end of each columnar cells in the various regions vary greatly probably due to the functional variations of the region concerned. Communication between the columnar cells and the sub-mucosal layer through the basement membrane is effected by circular orifices. A pear-shaped apical portion provided with prominent microridges of the goblet cell probably allows the mechanical stress to develop for the accumulation of secretory mucins. PMID- 6670352 TI - Studies on the histogenesis of the tunica mucosa of the small and large intestines of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). I. Histogenesis of the small intestinal mucosa. AB - The histogenesis of the small intestinal mucosa passes through a previllous stage, comprising development until the formation of villi (at a C RL of about 15 cm), and a villous stage, comprising the further development. In the previllous stage, the mucosa consists of a Lamina epithelialis made up of undifferentiated cells with stratified nuclei and a Lamina propria/submucosa made up of homogeneous mesenchyme. The villi appear as luminal epithelial outgrowths associated with vascularized mesenchymal stalks and their growth advances in a cranio-caudal direction. The intestinal glands were firstly observed at the 26 cm stage as downgrowths of the intervillous epithelium into the underlying mesenchyme. PMID- 6670354 TI - Rate of OH radical induced strand break formation in single stranded DNA under anoxic conditions. An investigation in aqueous solutions using conductivity methods. AB - Single stranded DNA (ssDNA) in aqueous N2O-saturated solution was pulse irradiated with electrons or irradiated under steady-state conditions with 60Co gamma rays. The conductivity increase after irradiation was measured as a function of concentration, pH, temperature, metal cation content and additives. The conductivity increase could be shown to be due to the release of associated counterions (Na+ or H+) as a result of the formation of chain breaks. At 28 mg 1( 1) DNA approximately 8 sodium ions are liberated per 100 eV absorbed energy (G (Na+) = 8.3). On the basis of G value for single-strand breaks (ssb) of G (ssb) = 0.55, it is calculated that 8.3/0.55 = 15 sodium ions per strand break are set free. The release of Na+ monitored by 23Na-NMR at pH 7 as a function of dose corresponds to that of the conductivity increase. The rate of the conductivity increase does not depend on dose/pulse (range 2-20 J kg-1) and shows at least two components. The rate constant of the fast and dominant component is constant above pH 8.5 (k = 38 s-1, 20 degrees C) and increases linearly with proton concentration below pH 7. Values of 13 kcal/mol for the activation energy and 5 X 10(11) s-1 for the frequency factor were obtained at pH 7.3. Addition of p benzoquinone (pBQ) increases the rate constant of the fast component proportionally to the concentration of pBQ. From these results the rate determining step of the fast conductivity increase is concluded to be the splitting of DNA radicals. The pH dependence and the magnitude of the activation energy agree with results from low molecular weight model compounds for the C-4' mechanism; this mechanism involves a heterolytic splitting of the phosphoric acid ester bond starting from the 4' radical of DNA. PMID- 6670353 TI - Enzymatic removal of O6-ethylguanine versus stability of O4-ethylthymine in the DNA of rat tissues exposed to the carcinogen ethylnitrosourea: possible interference of guanine-O6 alkylation with 5-cytosine methylation in the DNA of replicating target cells. AB - In order to compare the kinetics of their enzymatic elimination from the DNA of liver, kidney, lung, and brain, the alkylation products O4-ethyl-2' deoxythymidine (O4-EtdThd) and O6-ethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (O6-EtdGuo) were quantitated by competitive radioimmunoassay over a period of 48 h after a single pulse of the carcinogen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (EtNU) applied i.p. to 10 and 28 day-old BDIX-rats. The content of O4-EtdThd in the DNA of all organs analyzed remained stable, while O6-EtdGuo (initially formed in DNA with 3-4 times higher frequency than O4-EtdThd) was rapidly removed from the DNA of liver, followed by lung and kidney, but persisted strongly in the DNA of brain. At 48 h after the EtNU-pulse, the O4-EtdThd content of liver DNA exceeded the O6-EtdGuo content by about a factor of 4. Since both O6-EtdGuo and O4-EtdThd are miscoding DNA lesions, the lack of enzymatic removal of O4-EtdThd is surprising in view of the apparent concern of cells to restore the integrity of the O6-position of guanine. Genetic consequences more specifically connected with the formation of O6 alkylguanine in DNA might be considered, e.g., possible alterations of gene expression via interference with enzymatic 5-cytosine methylation in 5'-CpG-3' sequences of newly replicated DNA. PMID- 6670355 TI - [N-terminal sequence of a porphobilinogen synthase]. AB - The N-terminal sequence of porphobilinogen-synthase (EC 4.2.1.24) from bovine liver up to position 44 is given. After tryptic hydrolysis two N-terminal peptides with identical amino acid composition were isolated in the ratio 1:1. One peptide was blocked whereas the other one started with methionine and showed the same primary structure which had been estimated by automatic degradation of the enzyme. Four of the eight subunits of PBG-S have free methionine as N terminal amino acid whereas the other half is blocked. PMID- 6670356 TI - Structure of ascorbic acid and its biological function: V. Transport of ascorbate and isoascorbate across artificial membranes as studied by the spin label technique. AB - It could be shown by the reduction of the spin label (1,14) located within DPPC vesicles, that Na-ascorbate and K-isoascorbate can permeate membranes. At physiologic pH value, these two compounds exist as electroneutral radicals with a cyclic side chain structure. Ascorbic acid and isoascorbic acid, on the contrary, can hardly permeate such an artificial membrane. Since the radical will cause lipid peroxidation, it must be modified prior to permeation. This can be done by GSH which changes the radical state but maintains the electroneutral bicyclic configuration. PMID- 6670357 TI - Purification and characterization of a dissimilatory nitrite reductase from the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. AB - A dissimilatory nitrite reductase from the facultatively phototrophic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain 1a1 was studied. A basic level of the enzyme (10-50 mU/mg protein) was measured in dark, aerated and anaerobic, photosynthetic cultures. A marked derepression of enzyme synthesis occurred under conditions of oxygen limitation (200-300 mU/mg protein). The addition of nitrite (or nitrate) to the culture medium had only a slight effect on the maximal nitrite reductase titer of cells. The enzyme was purified from photosynthetically grown cells by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, gel filtration through Sepharose 6B and repeated chromatography on DE 52-cellulose. As estimated by gel filtration, the nitrite reductase had a molecular weight of about 120 000 +/- 12 000 and yielded only one band (mol. wt. of about 68 000 +/- 7000) in SDS-gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was at pH 5.1. Nitric oxide (NO) was identified as the reaction product of nitrite reduction. The enzyme also exhibited cytochrome c-oxidase activity and was active with chemically reduced viologen dyes, FMN and cytochrome c as electron donors. Highly purified nitrite reductase preparations contained 10 mol% of a c-type cytochrome. Trace metal analyses indicated the presence of Cu in the enzyme. Consistent with the detection of Cu was the finding that the Cu-chelator, diethyldithiocarbamate, strongly inhibited the nitrite reductase. PMID- 6670358 TI - Cytochromes and anaerobic sulfide oxidation in the purple sulfur bacterium Chromatium warmingii. AB - Two soluble acidic c-type cytochromes--c' and c-552--were isolated by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and ammonium sulfate fractionation. Cytochrome c' is a high-spin cytochrome with maxima at 399 nm, 490 nm, and 634 nm in the oxidized form and at 550 nm, 425 nm and a characteristic shoulder at 434 nm in the reduced state. The best purity index obtained (A280/A399) was 0.35. Cytochrome c' is autoxidizable, has a molecular weight of 12000 (estimated by sodium dodecylsulfate electrophoresis), a midpoint redoxpotential of +10 mV and an isoelectric point at pH 4.0. The reduced cytochrome c' reacts with carbon monoxide. The reaction is reversible. Cytochrome c-552 shows maxima at 552 nm, 523 nm and 417 nm in the reduced form and at 408 nm in the oxidized state. The best purity index obtained (A280/A408) was 0.94. Cytochrome c-552 has a molecular weight of 30000 and an isoelectric point between pH 4.3 and 5.0. Chromatium warmingii also contains a membrane-bound cytochrome c-552. During anaerobic sulfide oxidation, elemental sulfur and sulfate were formed at the same time. When all sulfide was consumed by the cells, the remaining intracellular elemental sulfur was further oxidized to sulfate. PMID- 6670360 TI - [The rheumatic shoulder in general practice]. PMID- 6670362 TI - [The rheumatic hip in general practice]. PMID- 6670363 TI - [The rheumatic knee in general practice]. PMID- 6670359 TI - Molecular properties of high potential iron sulfur protein of Chromatium warmingii. AB - High potential iron sulfur protein (HIPIP) of the purple sulfur bacterium Chromatium warmingii was purified to homogeneity by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and ammonium sulfate fractionation. The acidic protein was isolated in the reduced form. The best purity index (A280/A388) obtained was 2.52, and 3.8 mumol of the protein was isolated out of 100 g wet cell material. The molecular weights estimated by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration through Sephacryl S-200 were 8900 and 10 500, respectively. The protein has an isoelectric point at pH 3.6 for the reduced form and at pH 3.8 for the oxidized form, and a midpoint redox potential of +355 mV. One mol of HIPIP contains 4 mol nonheme iron and 4 mol acid-labile sulfur. PMID- 6670361 TI - [The rheumatic hand in general practice]. PMID- 6670364 TI - [The rheumatic foot in general practice]. PMID- 6670365 TI - [Mycospor in the therapy of mycoses]. PMID- 6670366 TI - [Abomasum dilatation in cattle]. PMID- 6670368 TI - [Automatic sutures in surgery]. PMID- 6670369 TI - [Age-related characteristics of skin ultrastructure in longevous persons]. PMID- 6670367 TI - Molecular aspects of bilirubin conjugation and secretion. PMID- 6670370 TI - [Changes in the acid and alkaline phosphatase and acid hyaluronidase activities in skin homogenates in psoriasis]. PMID- 6670371 TI - [Histogenesis of skin melanocarcinoma]. PMID- 6670372 TI - [Evaluation of tuberculin treatment of cutaneous vasculitis]. PMID- 6670373 TI - [Use of propolis in the treatment of trophic ulcers]. PMID- 6670374 TI - [Erysipeloid arthritis and its treatment]. PMID- 6670375 TI - [Generalized argyria]. PMID- 6670376 TI - [Multiple progressive epifascial gangrene of the skin]. PMID- 6670377 TI - [Case of disseminated primary cutaneous horn with malignant transformation]. PMID- 6670378 TI - [Non-gonococcal urethritis complicated by partial necrosis of the prepuce]. PMID- 6670379 TI - [Severe form of congenital ichthyosis]. PMID- 6670380 TI - [Value of instrument examination in topical diagnosis of gonorrhea in women]. PMID- 6670381 TI - [Mechanical properties of the skin. I. Method]. PMID- 6670382 TI - [Extracorporeal kidney surgery]. AB - A report is given on the correlation between 50 planned extracorporal kidney operations and the 20 operations actually performed. The reasons for this relation, indications for the operations and operative techniques are discussed. Extracorporal kidney surgery is relatively seldom necessary with strict indication. PMID- 6670383 TI - [Spontaneous urinary extravasation in the retroperitoneum due to ureteral calculi obstruction]. AB - The diagnosis and management of 12 patients with spontaneous urinary extravasation due to ureteral calculous obstruction are described. Contrary to the "frank" rupture most cases can be managed without surgical intervention. The presistence of extravasation must be the reason for tumour exclusion. The renal fibrolipomatosis was seen as the possible late result of the extravasation. PMID- 6670384 TI - [Experimental development of hollow cellulose membranes for blood detoxification]. AB - In recent years there have been repeated demands in medical circles for new membranes for various purposes. At present attention is focussed on the development of membranes for the detoxification of blood. Using available technology and resources, it seemed appropriate to develop such hollow membranes out of cellulose by the viscose process. It is possible to give the membrane a suitable structure according to the use intended. The transport of matter and ultrafiltration can be influenced by varying the influence parameter in the spinning process via changes in the pore structure. In this way it is possible to produce hollow membranes for dialysis or ultrafiltration, with varying grades of permeability, out of cellulose by the viscose process. PMID- 6670385 TI - [Amino acid loss and protein spectrum of the peritoneal dialysate during continuous peritoneal dialysis]. AB - The loss of amino acids and the protein spectrum in the dialysate during continuous peritoneal dialysis were evaluated in 6 patients with normal kidney function in the context of a study on psoriasis therapy. On the 10th day the protein loss was lower than on the 1st day of therapy. The total loss of amino acids was only 0.6 g/day with a dialysate volume of 6 1/24 h and was thus lower than the losses quoted in the literature for an exchange volume of 10 1/24 h. As a whole the loss of amino acids apparently plays only a subordinate role as an influencing factor on protein metabolism in continuous peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6670386 TI - [Urodynamics. III: Urofluorometry--possibilities, significance and limitations]. PMID- 6670387 TI - Apposition rate in long bones of rabbits measured by tetracycline labelling. Short communication. PMID- 6670388 TI - [Circadian distribution of births in golden hamsters. Short report]. PMID- 6670389 TI - [Genetic analysis of puberty in the female mouse--a diallelic crossing of outbred lines. Short report]. PMID- 6670390 TI - [Approximation of longitudinal growth of Rattus norvegicus using Calhoun's (1952) data]. PMID- 6670391 TI - [Development of body and organ mass in Syrian hamsters with reference to age dependent organ changes]. PMID- 6670392 TI - Spontaneously occurring progressive tubular degeneration of unknown origin in the kidneys of mice. PMID- 6670393 TI - [Risk assessment in environmental hygiene]. PMID- 6670394 TI - [Microbial colonization of the walls of a copper pipeline in a central disinfection dosage unit]. AB - Part of a copper-pipe taken from an 11 years old central disinfection dosage apparatus was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The pipe was covered by a thin paste-like coating. SEM revealed two distinct layers. In direct contact to the copper a layer of extracellular polymeric substance was seen. In direction to the luminary we found a second layer consisting of bacteria which were not embedded in extracellular polymeric substance. Some of the microorganisms of this layer showed holes. Bacteria in direct contact with disinfection solution showed a rough thickened surface indicating the existence of capsule substances. PMID- 6670395 TI - [Measurements of iron, lead, arsenic and selenium concentration in respirable and nonrespirable fractions of Berlin urban aerosols]. AB - In the scope of air quality determinations in the city of Berlin, size fractioned immission concentrations of the heavy metals iron, lead and cadmium and the metalloids arsenic and selenium in suspended particulate matter in air were determined at a highly polluted urban site. The samples were gathered from Juli until December 1981 with a 6-stage-plus-backup high-volume cascade impactor, extracted with 33% HNO3 and analyzed with atomic absorption photometry (AAS) (flame: iron and lead, hydride system: arsenic and selenium) and inductively coupled plasm spectroscopy (ICP) (cadmium). The results show, that - the applied sampling and analyzing procedure proved to be suitable, - the immission concentrations of suspended particulate matter less than 10 micron in Berlin are comparatively high, with values up to 295 ng/m3, - the immission concentrations of the selected trace elements in suspended particulate matter less than 10 micron in Berlin are comparatively low for an industrialized area like this city (Fe: 1280 ng/m3, Pb: 325 ng/m3, Cd: 3.74 ng/m3, As: 11.9 ng/m3, Se: 1.6 ng/m3), but increase markedly during periods of air stagnation as they are quite common in the Berlin winter season (Fe: 2970 ng/m3, Pb: 859 ng/m3, Cd: 8.26 ng/m3, As: 67.3 ng/m3, Se: 6.68 ng/m3), - lead, cadmium, arsenic and selenium of main environmental hygienic interest were concentrated on particles smaller than 2 micron. PMID- 6670396 TI - [Lung cancer risk and passive smoking: quantitative aspects]. AB - The exposure of passive smokers is estimated equivalent to 1/10-1 cig./day actively smoked. According to the relationship of dose and time (ref. 4) lung cancer incidence figures are calculated for ages 40, 50, 60, 70 and 79 years of age and further relative risks in relation to non smokers. Risks of smokers with a daily consumption of 1/10-1 cig. are in the range of R = 1.03-1.36. Analogously applied to passive smokers this range of exposure can be neglected because it has no major effect on lung cancer incidence. The results of three studies about passive smoking and lung cancer (ref. 5, 7, 18) are compared with the calculated risks and differences discussed. PMID- 6670397 TI - [Chronic toxoplasmosis in pregnant women--an epidemiological and social problem]. AB - Frequency of pregnancy miscarriage was analized in 52 women with chronic toxoplasmosis treated clinically. The pregnancy miscarriage was found in 78.4% of cases including abortion-48.7%, premature and immature delivery resulting in death-17.1% and newborns with congenital defects-12.6%, of with 78.6% died shortly after the delivery. The percentage of normal pregnancy amounted to 21.6% and in 3 cases newborns with congenital defects survived. It was shown that chronic toxoplasmosis is dangerous for successive pregnancies and it is not restricted to one pregnancy only. PMID- 6670399 TI - [Pulmonary fibrosis caused by hard-metal dusts]. AB - Hardmetals are broadly used in many different branches. In the FRG lung fibrosis caused by hardmetal-dust are recognized as occupational diseases (no. 4107). New findings concerning pathogenesis of this disease should be considered. Not only the dust of the presintered material is hazardous but also the inhalation of the sintered material. There is a special risk for tool-grinders. Cobalt is suspected to be the causal agent. In tool-grinders an elevated external and internal Cobalt burden has been objectified. We report about 14 persons who suffered from lung fibrosis and worked in the hard metal industry. X-ray and pathohistological examinations may give some hints but there is no specific histological correlate. So the notifying procedure may be difficult. For this reason any case of aetiologically unknown lung fibrosis the lung biopsy and quantitative chemical analysis using AAS should be performed. In one patient the Cobalt-level in lung tissue was significantly elevated. Toleration of invasive diagnostic measurements can not be demanded. Tool-grinders need more medical surveillance in future. As a preventive strategy the cobalt-exposure is to be reduced to a minimum. The external cobalt-burden at work-place can be estimated by the determination of the renal Cobalt-excretion. PMID- 6670398 TI - [Risk of lung cancer in workers belonging to the occupational group of mining and stone processing]. AB - Out of 1580 male lung cancer patients and 3160 controls (data collected in a nationwide study) 177 patients and 197 controls belonged to the occupation "mining and processing of stone" (asbestos, metals and coal excluded). 164 (92.6%) patients had a Kreyberg I tumor, 13 patients a Kreyberg II tumor. There are significant more smokers among patients (98.9%a), all patients with a K I tumor were smokers, compared to the controls (82.2%). Patients had a significant longer smoking career (40.9 yearsa) and a higher tar exposure (TE = 2544)b compared to the controls (36.2 years, TE = 2223). Lung cancer risk (adj. for age, years of occupation, TE) of smokers belonging to occupation "stone" compared to smokers belonging to group "white collar" (no occupational exposure in their anamnesis) was R = 2.0a. Significantly higher risks (adj. for age, TE) were in relation to years of occupation: less than 10 years: R = 2.2a, 11-20 years: R = 2.7a, 21-30 years: R = 2.6a. a P less than 1%; b P less than 5%. PMID- 6670401 TI - [A simple testing installation for the production of aerosols with constant bacteria-contaminated concentrations]. AB - A simple experimental set for the production and investigation of bacterially contaminated solid-state aerosols with constant concentration is described. The experimental set consists mainly of a fluidized bed-particle generator within a modified chamber for formaldehyde desinfection. The special conditions for the production of a defined concentration of particles and microorganisms are to be found out empirically. In a first application aerosol-sizing of an Andersen sampler is investigated. The findings of Andersen (1) are confirmed with respect to our experimental conditions. PMID- 6670400 TI - [Production and characteristics of bacteria-labeled talc dust for experimental air hygiene studies]. AB - Freeze-drying of suspensions of Micrococcus luteus together with talc yields bacteria-labelled dust. This material can be used in experimental air hygiene. Loss of viability due to drying in air during experiments can be expected to be negligible. A wide range of particle diameters (1 to greater than 23 micron) is available. Scanning electron microscopy shows the bacteria sticking on talc particles after freeze-drying (Fig. 3a + b). Viable counts of the material decreased very slowly on storage. PMID- 6670402 TI - [Further microbiological studies of the air in a newly built (under the pavement) section of the underground railway in Budapest]. AB - In three subway stations, which are "sub-pavement" stations (Budapest), microbiological air analyses were simultaneously carried out by means of sedimentation and by the use of Krotow's impactor. In the course of the examinations, which lasted eight months, the following max. values were obtained on the agar plates: 78 colonies/dm2/h and 239 colonies/m3; the rates of incidence for pathogenic and indicator bacteria were 2.7 and 1.7 per 10 plates. The strongest airflow was 0.7 m/sec. These values were obtained at the "Nagy-varad ter" station, which forms a transition to the subway stations. The "stopper effect" was found to exist here as well, although not to such an extent as in the deep subway stations, but still more pronounced than in the other two "subpavement" stations "Esceri ut" and "Hatar ut". The microbiological values are at any rate more favourable than in the subway stations dealt with in an earlier paper. PMID- 6670403 TI - [The role of the forest and public parks in Hungarian health]. AB - The author presents a survey of the effects exercised by the public parks on the environment. The beneficial effect on climate, air pollution and the reduction of noise is stated mainly based on the results of investigations carried out in Hungary. The usefulness of public parks is reviewed from the standpoint of hygiene (environmental protection, recreation, therapy). The importance of the public parks and other green areas for recreational purposes is particularly stressed using Hungarian data as a basis. Some details are made known concerning the urban parks, their development between 1961 and 1980, as well as the further planning up to the turn of the century, with particular attention being paid to ecological and recreational aspects. In this context, the emission into atmosphere of substances noxious to plant life needs special attention. PMID- 6670404 TI - [Pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba isolated from water]. AB - Two Acanthamoeba strains were isolated from rivers in Berlin by intranasal inoculation into mice. No clinical or pathological symptoms could be observed in the animals. The intention of this study was to initiate and to increase the pathogenicity of these amoebae. The two strains were passaged in mice as well as in liquid medium followed by inoculation into mice. The pathogenicity was measured by the rate of lethality. The first cases of death were found after the 10th passage in those mice which had been infected with the amoebae only passaged in animals. Acanthamoebae could be isolated from brains and lungs, but pathological changes were found only in lungs. After the 11th and 12th animal passage, respectively, the amoebae were only cultivated in vitro for 15 weeks followed by another series of animal passages. Here, first cases of death were recorded after the 5th and 3rd inoculation into mice, respectively. No animals died having been infected with amoebae only maintained in vitro. A third experiment with animal passaged strains showed that mice died even up to the 6th week p.i. and that amoebae could be re-isolated until the 7th week i.p. The results are discussed in view of a possible selection of pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains by fast passages from man to man. PMID- 6670405 TI - [Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene and other pollutants during the burning of anthracite nut and brown coal briquettes in a room heater]. AB - After the measurements of emissions from an oil oven and a gas oven (2) the investigation on room heaters was continued with a coal oven. This oven had a nominal power of 7 kW. The following pollutants were measured: polycyclic aromatics, benzene, the total gaseous hydrocarbons, soot/fly ash and NOx. Studies were made with anthrazit-nut brown-coal briquettes. Investigations and results are described in a research report (3). This paper presents a summary of the research report. The emissions of almost all measured pollutants were essential larger at the coal oven than those from the oil and the gas oven. PMID- 6670406 TI - The bactericidal mats in the pediatric intensive care unit. AB - An evaluation of dry adhesive bactericidal mats S-Entry was conducted in pediatric intensive care unit (ICU). From April to June 1981 192 floor and 48 shoe samples were taken in three parallels in the periods with the mats used and in the periods without the mats for bacteriological control. The statistical analysis of the number of CFU showed no significant difference between the two periods. Under the conditions of work in the ICU the bactericidal mats cannot play an expected role. The bacterial flora of the floor and shoe soles had no influence on the degree of hospital infections in the ICU. PMID- 6670407 TI - [Filamentous bacteria in activated sludge (bulking sludge). I. Occurrence of filamentous bacteria in a sewage treatment plant working with the activated sludge process (plug flow system)]. AB - The occurrence of filamentous bacteria in activated sludge (bulking sludge) was investigated in the sewage treatment plant Berlin-Ruhleben. The studies were carried out in five periods from 26.10.1981 to 29.7.1982 (= 112 sampling days). It was noticed that filamentous bacteria appeared in the aeration tanks in different quantities and several kinds of species. With the identification key from Eikelboom Microthrix parvicella, Type 021 N and Type 0041 were frequently identified in all aeration tanks, whereas Type 0961 and Nocardia spec. were observed only in several aeration tanks. Haliscomenobacter hydrossis, Thiothrix spec., Type 0914, Type 1701, Type 1851 and Type 1852 appeared only sporadically. Besides the familiar filamentous bacteria another species was identified under the microscope which, however, could not be classified so far. The filaments are straight or slightly bent with a visible septation and long cylindrical cells. The species is Gram- and Neisser-negative and shows no deposition of sulfur granules. PMID- 6670408 TI - Isolation of sporothrix schenckii from the floor of an indoor swimming pool. AB - In a routine mycological examination of an indoor swimming pool during the winter season (January 1981) in Berlin (West), Sporothrix schenckii was isolated from the floor near a shower. The strain was characterized by cultural, morphological and biochemical properties typical of strains which are causative agents of sporotrichosis. It is suggested that in routine mycological examinations of swimming pools attention should not be limited to dermatophytes and yeast-like fungi. PMID- 6670409 TI - [Effect of human excrement on the air flora in the vicinity of moving trains]. AB - The use of train lavatories by the passengers during their journey was investigated. Selective samples in Petri dishes were exposed for 1 or 2 minutes at different times against the direction of train motion. The analysis showed that enterobacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella, coliform bacteria, Proteus) and chromogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) can be verified in addition to yeast fungi, mould, actinomyces and micrococci. The colony count obtained depends on the climatic conditions, the passenger frequency as well as the site and period of exposure. The "air tunnel" formed by the travelling trains must be looked upon as contaminated. I would be advisable for the trains to travel with the windows locked. The intestinal bacteria are little risk to the environment but definitely injurious to the passengers themselves. PMID- 6670410 TI - Microbial colonization of prosthetic devices. V. attachment of coagulase-negative staphylococci and "slime"-production on chemically pure synthetic polymers. AB - On 12 different, chemically pure polymers attachment and "slime"-production of the coagulase-negative staphylococcal strain KH 11 were studied. According to their behaviour the polymers investigated could be arranged into three groups: Group 1 with good attachment of staphylococci, but missing "slime"-production; group 2 with good attachment and moderate "slime"-production; group 3 with both properties strongly developed. According to the results presented, attachment of staphylococci and "slime"-production seem to be independent of the presence of organic additives in biomaterials. PMID- 6670411 TI - [Different selection rates--fallacies in epidemiological studies]. AB - Practical examples from preventive and curative medicine are given to demonstrate how competing selection rates distort the results of epidemiological studies. In order to quantify this distorsion the bias is tabulated and graphed for different combinations of features (diseases, symptoms, findings, etc.) on the one hand and different admission or participation rates on the other hand. With the help of a formula which can be stored in a pocket calculator the sample bias can be quantified also. Prerequisite is the estimation of selection rates. They have such a bearing on the results of epidemiological studies that it is advisable to ask two questions before any interpretation: 1. which factors can lead to different admission rates in the groups (A,B) under study and 2. which factors can lead to different admission rates of persons with and without the feature (X) under study. PMID- 6670412 TI - [Endogenous synthesis of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds: bacterial flora and nitrite formation in the healthy human stomach]. AB - The endogenous synthesis of cancerogenic N-nitroso compounds: Bacterial flora and nitrite formation in the human stomach. In the discussion of the endogenous nitrosamine synthesis, nitrites play a decisive role. Since in a healthy stomach the acidity important for the nitrosamine formation is present, but since this acid environment is hostile to the bacterial growth and thus counteracts bacterial endogenous nitrite formation, the oral cavity has so far been regarded as the main site of endogenous nitrite formation. An analysis of 130 gastric secretions taken from empty stomachs has demonstrated that also in a healthy stomach considerable germ counts may be obtained in part when acidity is lowered physiologically (e.g. at night). Nitrite concentrations, which are six times as high as the quantities supplied with the saliva at the same time, are also produced in the acid pH range from 4 to 6. Consequently, in a healthy stomach as well the quantity of nitrite available for an endogenous nitrosamine synthesis is by far higher than has been assumed previously. This physiological risk should be allowed for in evaluating the pathophysiological or therapeutic changes in the gastric environment. PMID- 6670414 TI - [Microbial contamination of hospital waste]. AB - Hospital wastes from a surgical department (operating unit, intensive care unit, nursery) and household refuse were examined with respect to their bacterial concentrations and species' pattern. The waste samples were processed by active suspending - a new method in the field of waste examination - which allowed gentle homogenization and quantitative microbial counts. Among several established features the most relevant ones like bacterial concentration and relative frequency of bacterial groups (aerobic bacteria, (facultative) anaerobic bacteria, gramnegative bacteria and D-streptococci) indicated, that hospital wastes were not more contaminated than household refuse. Under this aspect, the present practice of hospital waste management, whose main concern is the spread of infectious agents outside the hospital, deserves a reevaluation. PMID- 6670413 TI - Hematological indices of peripheral blood in workers occupationally exposed to benzene, toluene and xylene. AB - In 106 workers occupationally exposed to benzen, toluen and xylene through 1 to 122 months basic hematological indices of peripheral blood were evaluated. The benzene, toluene and xylene concentrations in the air at workplaces were equal to 0-370, 0-580 and 0-506 mg/m3, respectively. The workers were subdivided into three subgroups according to the service time corresponding to 1-29, 31-54 and 55 122 months. The first hematological changes noted in the workers studied consisted of diminishing the mean corpuscular hemoglobin and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in erythrocytes. Increased numbers of reticulocytes, lowered total count of leukocytes due to decreased numbers of T and "non-T, non B" cells as well as increased numbers of monocytes were other signs of exposure investigated. Increased numbers of reticulocytes were noted in all workers independently of service time whereas other hematological alterations presented above were marked only in the subgroup of workers exposed to benzene, toluene and xylene through 55 to 122 months. It was stated that the T cell count decreased gradually in relationship with an extent of exposure time (negative correlation). Since laboratory examinations serving the evaluation of health state of workers exposed are only few it was postulated that the E rosette test may be of practical use for monitoring the toxic effect of benzene, toluene and xylene on the lymphocyte system. PMID- 6670415 TI - [Induction of microbial growth on the walls of plastic tubes by drinking water]. AB - Drinking water flowing through flexible plastic tubes (PVC) causes the development of a thin film-like coating within 24 h. At this stage microorganisms could either not or rarely be seen. After 48 h the number of microorganisms has become greater. With increasing time of experiment the microbial community becomes more dense until after 72 h it covers the whole surface. Now the microorganisms are embedded in extracellular polymeric substances. The primary film seems to be important for the development of microorganisms in equipment and apparatus. PMID- 6670416 TI - [A test for the evaluation of the amplitude distribution of the EEG]. AB - After a critical analysis of the available publications, a new test for the examination of the EEG amplitudes with respect to a normal distribution is presented. By means of autoregressive models, a linear transformation of the EEG to noise signals of a low-degree correlation is carried out, the normal distribution which is studied with respect to obliquenes and excess. In this way, the compromise between the demands for a low scanning frequency, a large extent of random tests and short EEG intervals, which is necessary for the correct application of the adaptation test, is avoided. A total of 82 percent of the tested 40 EEG intervals showed a normal distribution, EEG's with slight general changes being more frequent than alpha-EEG's. PMID- 6670417 TI - [A pontine tumor appearing as a sellar process over a long period and its contribution to the differential diagnosis of the empty sella syndrome]. AB - A report is given on a pontine tumour with intrasellar cyst formation which, as it was suspected to be a hypophyseal tumour, was first treated transsphenoidally and then under the picture of an empty-sella syndrome was re-operated on subfrontally twice in an interval of ten years. PMID- 6670419 TI - [Postoperative treatment phases following the Cloward operation]. AB - In this article, the experience gained in the postoperative treatment and care after ventral vertebral fusion (operation after Cloward) are presented. After a radicular or medullary decompression has been achieved by the surgical intervention, an individually adapted, symptom-centered physiotherapeutic exercise programme, a continuous observation of the neurological findings with roentgenological checking of the bony blocking process is carried out. The postoperatively established camp cravat is worn up to the roentgenologically verified incorporation of the dowel. PMID- 6670418 TI - [Treatment of brain abscess under computer tomographic control]. AB - When taking the clinical and EEG findings into consideration, computer tomographic control provides the possibility to treat localised inflammatory cerebral affections by conservative methods or to heal cerebral abscesses exclusively by systematic puncture and antibiotic treatment. Descriptions of cases including patients with seven brain abscesses treated with conservative means and two patients in each of whom a brain abscess was puncture are presented. In all cases, complete healing was achieved. PMID- 6670420 TI - [Therapy of malignant supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors and the possibility of the pretherapeutic sensitivity testing of cytostatics]. AB - Today, the treatment of malignant gliomas is carried out surgically, radiotherapeutically or chemotherapeutically. In the field of radiotherapy, promising trials with radiosensitizers have been carried out which might increase the effectiveness of the irradiation of gliomas. Chemotherapy without a combination with the other above mentioned therapies is not promising. Test models for the pretherapeutic prediction of the individual cytostatic activity are available both in the form of experiments and short-term or long-term in vitro tests without any of the test models having sufficiently reflected the in vivo conditions up to now. PMID- 6670421 TI - [Neuroradiologic diagnosis of diastematomyelia]. AB - A report is given on 5 patients with diastematomyelia, in one case the fissure formation of the marrow being without a provable septum. In the frequently very complex pathological-anatomical conditions of the spinal dysraphic malformation, CT can be a considerable help. In combination with metrizamide myelography, details of the marrow parts and their envelopes can be demonstrated. The preoperative planning of the marrow separation becomes more exact. Other causes of a deep spinal marrow level (tethered cord) such as teratomas can also be recognized by CT. PMID- 6670422 TI - [Aneurysmal bone cysts of the base of the skull]. AB - On the basis of two observation of aneurysmatic bone cysts in the region of the skull, the diagnostic and therapeutic problems of this clinical picture are discussed. The highest diagnostic value is offered by computed tomography. The operation with a total extirpation to be aimed at is recommended. PMID- 6670423 TI - Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in goats in Nigeria: clinical, microbiological and pathological features. PMID- 6670424 TI - [Microbial flora in surface waters of the Valdivia River (Chile)]. PMID- 6670425 TI - Mesothelioma in cattle--a rare or an unidentified tumour? PMID- 6670426 TI - Sequence homology between tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and intermediate filament (IF) proteins. PMID- 6670427 TI - Modern trends in colorectal surgery. AB - In 39 patients, the 'classical' pretreatment for colorectal surgery (mechanical purgation, laxatives, irrigation and sulfaguanidine administration) was supplemented with the oral administration of 750 mg metronidazole daily for 3 days. This dose was later increased to 1 g daily. The 75 control cases received the same pretreatment as in the test group, with the exception of the metronidazole. In the test group, obligate anaerobic pathogens could not be cultivated from the wound discharge in the infected cases, and there were no surgical fatalities. In the control group, however, anerobic strains could be cultivated in 9 cases, and the surgical mortality was 8%. The proportion of wound suppurations induced by aerobic pathogens was 41% in the test group, and 55% in the control group. The results of the metronidazole pretreatment and treatment are evaluated on the basis of the pertinent literature. The use of metronidazole is strongly advisable in the pretreatment of patients subjected to colorectal surgery and in other fields of septic surgery as well. Seven hundred and fifty five elective colorectal operations were carried out in the 11 years between 1971 and 1981, and the surgical mortality rates in the periods 1971-1977 and 1978-1981 are compared. Beside the metronidazole pretreatment, technical modifications (greater use of a stapler) and cimethidine prophylaxis were introduced in the latter period. This led to a decrease in the surgical mortality rate from 12.8% to 6.5%, and no case of fatal anaerobic sepsis occurred. PMID- 6670429 TI - Continuous monitoring of the efficiency of haemodialysis by recording the UV transmittance of the dialysis solution. AB - The efficiency of haemodialysis, the elimination of uraemic retention substances of low and medium molecular weight can be continuously monitored by recording the UV transmittance at 254 nm of the dialysing solution. The method for controlling the efficiency of haemodialysis is optimal if it complies with the following requirements: No or little blood sample is needed. The elimination process can be continuously monitored. The degree of eliminating the hardly dialysable organic compounds and toxic materials can be well measured. Our method was devised to fulfil the above requirements [1]. The results obtained during routine application of the method are reported in this publication. PMID- 6670428 TI - Surgical treatment of mitral valve disease: late results with valve replacement. AB - Computer aided data processing of the results of surgery in 504 patients with mitral (and mitral + aortic + tricuspid) valvular disease, operated on by the Szeged cardiosurgery group between 1966-1983 are discussed. Late results after valve surgery are investigated from the point of view of survival time, functional state and social rehabilitation. Statistical evaluation of postoperative complications and the functional life-time of the Cross-Jones prosthesis are reported. The functional rehabilitation following the operation is mathematically assessed. PMID- 6670430 TI - Surgical treatment of recurrent and stomal peptic ulcers. AB - Twenty-three patients with endoscopically proved recurrences after a primary operation for peptic ulcer disease performed in the course of a 7-year period are reviewed. The time elapsed between the operation and the recurrence ranged from 1 year to 17 years. The patients were mainly males. During the period studied 451 primary operations for peptic ulcer disease were performed in the same department. In 12 out of 23 recurrences the primary operation was also performed in the department of the author. In cases of small duodenal or stomal ulcer with two or more previous laparotomies transthoracic truncal vagotomy is preferred to any kind of abdominal intervention. A useful combination of duodenal exclusion, truncal vagotomy and a reflux-preventing type of GEA for recurrences after B 1 type partial gastrectomies was developed. In cases of late recurrences with mild symptoms the patients have to be first treated with H2-receptor blockers (cimetidine, ranitidine, etc.). The cases resistant to medical management have to be considered for surgery. Their results after a secondary surgical intervention proved to be fairly good, probably due to methods adequately selected for the given patient and to reflux-preventing GEA used in some cases. The consideration of an optimal individual solution for each patient is emphasized. PMID- 6670431 TI - Changes of the mechanical properties of the lungs following abdominal surgery. AB - The mechanical properties of the lung (elasticity, laminar and turbulent resistance) were measured in 14 patients one day before and after abdominal surgery. A special measuring instrument was made for this purpose. The comparison of the conditions before and after operation showed that elasticity and turbulent resistance do not change significantly, but the value of laminar resistance showed an increase caused by the qualitative change of the lung tissue. PMID- 6670432 TI - Hyperbasophilia following heart valve xenograft implantation. AB - Circulating basophil and eosinophil leukocytes were counted daily in the blood of 76 patients following cardiac surgery. Typical response to operative stress was a sudden drop in basophil counts, followed by a gradual increase, exceeding preoperative values 2-3 weeks postoperatively. Basophil counts during this period of 'postoperative basophilia' remained below 50 per mm3. Such typical responses have been observed after various closed and open heart procedures, including implantation of glutaraldehyde treated heart valve xenografts. Following formation treated xenograft implantation, however, unusually high basophil counts were observed, exceeding 100 per mm3 in three patients. Since pronounced basophilia is observed after parenteral administration of antigens, the results are interpreted as a failure of formalin treatment to deantigenize xenogeneic tissues, whereas glutaraldehyde treated xenografts are free of antigen character. PMID- 6670433 TI - Immunity and hospital infections. AB - The frequent and inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospitals increases the number of resistant hospital bacterial strains. Apart from Staphylococci and Streptococci, different Gram negatives--such as Klebsiella, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Proteus and E. coli strains--have been found in the hospitals and in the patients. Due to the resistance, it is difficult to find antibiotics against them. This fact puts forward the possibility of immunization especially by vaccination. Phenol-treated vaccine was prepared from the usual hospital strains and patients with colorectal cancer were immunized intramuscularly 7-10 days prior to the operation. The efficiency of the vaccine treatment was judged by the incidence of wound infections. The best results were obtained in patients whose previously estimated immunoreactivity was strong or normal. Immunospecificity could not be detected in the above treatment. PMID- 6670435 TI - Computerized data processing in the clinical laboratory. AB - In order to satisfy the increasing demand for clinical chemical investigations, automatization is necessary. Computerized data processing facilitates administrative work. There are well-known fully automatized computerized systems, but they are too expensive. This paper presents our experiences with a 'hybrid' system, in which manual laboratory work is combined with computerized production of the daily list of laboratory work. The manpower needed had been decreased to one quarter, the work time from 126 minutes to 97 minutes, and the occurrence of errors from 0.72% to 0.21%. The system can be developed to produce laboratory reports, and for the continuous monitoring of data. In the case of pathological values the reports can be supplied with a warning signal and the system is suitable for the registration of laboratory statistics. PMID- 6670434 TI - Effects of beta adrenergic blocking drugs and trifluperidol on intestinal motility and splanchnic nerve activity in cats. AB - In cats anaesthetized with chloralose and urethane we studied the effect of the selective beta 1 adrenergic blocking practolol and the non-selective beta 1-2 adrenergic blocking pindolol on the intestinal motility, the efferent sympathetic activity, arterial blood pressure and heart-rate. We compared the effects of trifluperidol on the intestinal tone, the intestinal motility and its duration with those of trifluperidol and practolol combined. It was found that 1-, 2-, and 3 mg/kg of practolol given intravenously had no influence on the spontaneous electric activity of postganglionic fibres of the splanchnic or hypogastric nerves, thus it had no central effect. Accordingly, its site of effect proved to be peripheric. Its administration was associated with a slight decrease of the arterial blood pressure and heart rate. The intestinal tone was instantly increased depending on the does in every case. In two-thirds of our experiments the intestinal motility was restored 1 to 3 minutes following administration depending on the dose. Combined with trifluperidol, practolol produces a further increase in the enhancing activity of trifluperidol on the intestinal tone and motility. It considerably extends the duration of the action of trifluperidol on the intestinal motility. Pindolol increases the intestinal tone and motility dose dependently in every case, reduces the efferent sympathetic activity, which is inversely proportional to the dose. The action is most pronounced on administration of 0.125 micrograms/kg of pindolol intravenously but it cannot be observed with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. No significant changes were observed in blood pressure but there was a reduction in heart rate. The action of pindolol is supposed to be both central and peripheral in nature. PMID- 6670436 TI - Changes in the ultrastructure of neural tube cells and the notochordal sheath of ultraviolet irradiated Xenopus laevis embryos. PMID- 6670437 TI - Diagnosis and management of intrauterine adhesions by microhysteroscopy. AB - The Authors report their experience in the diagnosis and management of intrauterine adhesions in a group of 23 patients using the microhysteroscope. This new model of hysteroscope makes it possible to diagnose clinically suspected cases and to perform lysis of the adhesions in the out-patient department, without cervical dilatation and anesthesia. The technical features of the microhysteroscope made a double evaluation of adhesions possible: a) the macroscopic classification of the site and extension of the synechiae and b) their microscopic in vivo observation to identify the less vascularized areas and to perform adhesiolysis under direct visual control. Monthly hysteroscopic examinations were performed in order to follow the results of therapy and to remove residual or newly formed adhesions. In the authors' experience the microhysteroscope may be successfully used in the early diagnosis and subsequent best management of intrauterine adhesions in patients with previous medical history of curettage in a recent pregnant uterus. PMID- 6670438 TI - A simplified technique for fertilization and culture of human preimplantation embryos in vitro. AB - The paper describes simplification of existing methods of culture in human IVF. Focusing attention on the need to streamline procedures, the mode of housing the egg/embryo in a constant accessible environment is examined. We now culture with B2/B3-Menezo medium in a multidish under 5% CO2 in air at 37 degrees C in an open system within a CO2 gassing incubator. The advent of the multidish as a specific housing system is highlighted. The 80% fertilization rate combined with a stable osmolarity demonstrates that previous success is maintained with changes introduced to improve convenience and simplicity of procedures. PMID- 6670439 TI - Ovary-oviduct distance and fertility experimental study, clinical application. AB - As the importance of ovary and fimbria relationships is well admitted in the phenomenon of oocyte captation, it has seemed interesting to the authors to try and evaluate, on an experimental plane, how fertility varies in function of ovary fimbria distance, in view of possible therapeutic applications. PMID- 6670441 TI - Ways of interaction between human cervical mucus and sperm. PMID- 6670440 TI - In vitro fertilization and embryo-transfer: the Monash group experiences 1981-83. PMID- 6670442 TI - Protein characterization of multi-fraction split-ejaculates. Some physicochemical properties of prostatic and vesicular proteins. AB - A simple method of splitting ejaculates into 10-15 consecutive fractions proved to be valuable for separating proteins of prostatic and vesicular origin. After blocking autoproteolysis by EDTA and PMSF the fractions of four multi-fraction split-ejaculates were studied by one-dimensional electrophoresis in the presence of SDS (slab SDS-PAGE). Two split-ejaculates were further analyzed by isoelectrofocusing (PAGIEF). The zinc and fructose distributions were determined for one of the samples. The results show i) that the initial third, roughly, of the ejaculate contains proteins previously characterized as of prostatic origin (Balerna et al., 1982 a); ii) that these initial fractions have a high zinc/fructose ratio; iii) that the vesicular portion of the ejaculate is characterized by low zinc/fructose ratio and by fairly high amounts of low molecular-weight proteins and; iiii) that the proteins of the initial (prostatic) part of the ejaculate are mainly acidic-neutral whereas some proteins of the final (vesicular part) have a strong cationic character. PMID- 6670443 TI - Evaluation of human sperm fertility by interspecific (human spermatozoa-hamster oocytes) in vitro fertilization. AB - The fertilizing capacity of 1) Males with unproven fertility to be admitted to an IVF/RE programme; 2) Probably infertile subjects and of 3) Males with idiopathic infertility, has been evaluated using the humster (HUMan-hamSTER) test. Sixty seven percent of normal sperms from the IVF-Re couples were capable of fertilizing hamster oocytes, with an average fertilization rate of 52%. In one of the suspect male infertility group sperms were able to fertilize hamster oocytes and in the idiopathic infertility group forty-eight percent of sperms fertilize, but the average fertilization rate is clearly lower. It is surprising that 26% of normal sperms have a negative humster test and fertilize the human oocytes at the same rates (86%) as those having a positive humster test. It means that if statistically and over large populations this test undoubtedly gives good results, when the individual cases are taken into consideration this test does not provide final proof of the patient's infertility. Nevertheless the authors stress that the test may provide a new criterion for determining sperm quality and in the future it might become a complementary examination of the spermogram and postcoital test and supply fundamental data on the mechanism of fertilization (capacitation, acrosome reaction, spermatozoa-oocyte fusion and pronuclei formation). PMID- 6670445 TI - [Asthma associated with gastroesophageal reflux. Effects of antireflux surgery on the symptoms and intraesophageal pH in a patient]. PMID- 6670444 TI - Modulation of lymphocyte response by hormones. AB - The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of inhibitor factors on the immunological response of the mother. Using a FIVET program (in vitro fertilization and embryo-transfer) we were able to detect in vitro the modulation of lymphocyte response by hormones, utilizing subjects receiving hormone therapy. A new assay has been used to study the antibody response. The lymphocytes were adhered during the culture to the plastic surface of microplates, and the modulation of the expression of the surface IgG was detected with an E.L.I.S.A. assay in the same culture plate. Many hormones were tested in vitro using this assay. The addition to the lymphocyte cultures of hCG and oestradiol give a variable effect. This effect is concentration dependent and whilst in all instances the higher dosages were inhibitory, in same subjects the lower dosages had a stimulatory effect, but if the subjects were treated in vivo with hCG, then an inhibitory effect was observed in vitro even using very low concentrations of hormones. This could suggest that these hormones have an inhibitor effect on the lymphocyte response, inhibition that was enhanced when the lymphocytes were "primed" in vivo. PMID- 6670446 TI - [Endobrachyesophagus (Barrett's esophagus). Clinical and endoscopic study of 22 cases]. PMID- 6670447 TI - [Clostridium difficile and its toxin in a series of cases of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6670449 TI - [Presence of antinatriuretic factors in cirrhotic ascites]. PMID- 6670448 TI - [Evaluation of the treatment of refractory ascites by ultrafiltration followed by intra-abdominal reinjection]. PMID- 6670450 TI - [Glutamate dehydrogenase and acute alcoholic hepatitis]. PMID- 6670451 TI - [Introduction to the study of the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 6670452 TI - [Clinical aspects of retroperitoneal diseases]. PMID- 6670453 TI - Dynamic radiology of the retroperitoneum. Normal and pathologic anatomy. PMID- 6670454 TI - [Value of conventional radiology in retroperitoneal effusions, excluding pancreatitis and vascular diseases]. PMID- 6670456 TI - [Digestive manifestations of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis]. PMID- 6670455 TI - [Anatomopathology of a series of 60 primary retroperitoneal tumors]. PMID- 6670457 TI - [Conventional radiology in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis]. PMID- 6670458 TI - Retroperitoneal tumors. Clinical aspects. Diagnosis. PMID- 6670459 TI - Acute dysautonomia and arteriovenous malformation of the brain stem. AB - A patient with acute pure dysautonomia also suffered from several episodes of transient diplopia and hemiparesthesiae which were related to an arteriovenous malformation in the pons. The clinical presentations and the radiological diagnosis of arteriovenous malformations of the brain stem are reviewed, as well as the semiology and etiopathogeny of acute dysautonomia. No relationship was found between these two rare affections. PMID- 6670460 TI - [Palpebral and cephalic oculomotor deficits in deep cerebral hematomas]. AB - Oculomotor functions are analysed by clinical examination and oculography in 21 cases of deep cerebral hematoma. Significant paralysis of verticality and of movements contralateral to the lesions was observed in all cases where the hemorrhage affected the paramedian thalamo-subthalamic region. A slight deficit of elevation and controlateral movements was observed in the external thalamic and capsular hematomas. In the capsulolenticular hematomas the electro oculographic record revealed discrete disturbances. It is concluded that the oculomotor examination provides important information about the topography of these cerebral hemorrhage and the functional role of the structures concerned. The examination shows the gravity of median lesions which frequently entail serious oculomotor sequelae. PMID- 6670461 TI - The influence of dose-delivery time interval on neonatal plasma pethidine levels. AB - Plasma pethidine levels were determined by RIA during the first 24h of life in 126 neonates whose mothers had received a single intramuscular dose of 100-150 mg pethidine HCl 0.25 to 19.5 h before delivery. The mean (geometric) maternal and cord venous plasma pethidine concentration and the neonatal capillary plasma levels at 0.5, 1.5 and 12-24 h expressed per unit dose were 125, 98, 71, 59 and 23 ng/ml per mg/kg respectively. The mean (+/- S.E.M.) cord: maternal plasma concentration ratio was 0.741 +/- 0.036 (n = 40). The ratio was significantly correlated with the dose-delivery interval, r = 0.42, p less than 0.01. The pethidine concentration in cord and in neonatal capillary plasma was significantly correlated to the weight related dose, r = 0.25 to 0.48, p less than 0.01. Cord venous levels of pethidine rose rapidly after drug administration but neonatal capillary levels increased slowly to reach peak levels at 2 to 5 h before declining over the next 15 to 18 h. The maternal plasma pethidine half life, 5.59 h was considerably shorter than that observed in the newborn, 15.94 h. PMID- 6670462 TI - A comparison of cesarean section frequencies in two Norwegian hospitals. AB - The two largest Norwegian obstetrical departments, in the cities of Bergen and Stavanger, differ markedly with regard to the frequency of Cesarean section. During the 1970's the proportions rose in both departments, but the Stavanger rate remained about half of that in Bergen, the latter following the national average. These differences were not reflected in the perinatal mortality, which had the same rates and fell equally in both hospitals. To search for explanations, all records of Cesarean section cases from the years 1974 and 1979 were studied in both hospitals. We found that mechanical indications, meaning disproportion and prolonged labor, accounted for most of the difference, whereas there was no significant rise in the frequencies for the indication fetal asphyxia in either of the hospitals, these being numerically the most important indications. In fact, there was no significant rise for mechanical indications in Stavanger between 1974 and 1979, whereas in Bergen the increased frequency for this indication gave the highest significance level for any of the seven subgroups of indications. It is suggested that the chain of command may be an important cause of the observed differences between the two departments, although this is not reflected in any stated or conscious policy in either place. PMID- 6670463 TI - Invasive cervical cancer in a cytologically screened population. AB - In the community of Malmo, less than 10% of the 20-69-year-old women had been examined cytologically in 1960. By 1970 this figure had increased to 74% and the incidence of invasive cervical cancer decreased by 48% of th incidence prior to cytologic screening. In spite of continued screening and rescreening, no further decrease occurred during the 1970s. In 131 cases, invasive cancer was diagnosed in women previously screened. The smears of 90 of these women had shown changes more than a year before the diagnosis, but 30 women refused examination or therapy. In 60 cases of mild-moderate atypia, further examination consisted solely of a cytologic check-up. We believe that a more active examination program, including colposcopy, in cases of cytologic atypia will be the most important step towards a further reduction in the frequency of invasive cervical cancer. PMID- 6670464 TI - Preinvasive carcinoma of the cervix uteri and smoking. AB - The occurrence of smoking among 609 women with preinvasive cervical uterine cancer has been examined. Of these women, 66.3% were smokers. For 6 090 controls the figure was 41.9%. The difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.001). In all the age groups the proportion of smokers was greater among the women with cancer. These also started smoking at an earlier age, and the number of cigarettes smoked daily was greater than for the controls. PMID- 6670465 TI - Vaginal administration of 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha-methyl ester prior to vacuum aspiration. Peri- and postoperative complications. AB - In order to simplify the operative technique and lower the postoperative complication rate, 354 healthy primigravidae were treated with a vaginal suppository containing 1 mg of 15-methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha 12 hours prior to vacuum aspiration abortion in the first trimester. The mean cervical diameter found at the operation was 8.5 mm and in 38% of the women no further mechanical dilatation of the cervix was needed. The amount of bleeding during the operation was low (mean 30 ml, max. 300 ml). No perforations of the uterus or cervical lacerations occurred at operation. Side effects of the prostaglandin such as vomiting, diarrhea and lower abdominal pain occurred in 80% of the women and must be regarded as disturbing to the patient and seem to require that the women be hospitalized. The incidence of genital infection following the abortion was found to be 6.2%. In 8.2% of the women, the postoperative bleeding persisted for more than 14 days. It is concluded that if the frequency of side effects can be lowered by using new analogues of prostaglandins, pretreatment with vaginal suppositories may be recommended before vacuum-aspiration at legal abortion in the first trimester. PMID- 6670466 TI - Parturition and pelvic fracture. Follow-up of 34 obstetric patients with a history of pelvic fracture. AB - Thirty-four women with a history of pelvic fracture gave birth. Ten had experienced increasing or recurrent pain during the course of their pregnancy. Twenty-seven women gave birth without complications, including 13 patients with displaced pelvis. In only one patient was cesarean section carried out on suspicion of disproportion. Cesarean section was carried out in another case because of resymphysiolysis and in one because of other complications to the pregnancy. Two underwent vacuum extraction because of secondary inertia, but subsequently they gave birth by the vaginal route without complications. In connection with pregnancy and birth, 2 patients had resymphysiolysis. They were the only patients of 8 with symphysiolysis who had undergone osteosynthesis, and both had had the material removed before pregnancy. It is concluded that separation of the symphysis in a pelvic fracture is a more serious complication in subsequent parturition than is displacement of the bony birth canal. PMID- 6670468 TI - Neonatal fetal death following cesarean section secondary to hyperextended head in breech presentation. AB - There is a general agreement that infants with hyperextension in breech presentation should be delivered by Cesarean section in order to prevent spinal cord injuries and neonatal deaths. The following case report illustrates complete spinal cord transection in a fetus with hyperextended head in breech presentation delivered by Cesarean section who died 8 days after delivery. PMID- 6670467 TI - Hormonal and cytopathological changes in vaginal and cervical smears from women undergoing chemotherapy for extragenital malignant diseases. AB - The effects of various chemotherapeutic drugs on the squamous epithelium of the cervicovaginal tissues were investigated in a test group of 74 and a control group of 44 women with advanced extragenital malignancy. The cytological findings were as follows: (A) cytohormonal changes reflecting estrogenic withdrawal in pre and postmenopausal women, (B) reversible cytopathological changes reflecting a cytotoxic reaction, and (C) absence of premalignant and malignant changes. PMID- 6670469 TI - Separation of the Christiansen prosthetic components following dislocation of hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture. AB - During the period from April 1980 to July 1982 a total of 148 patients with acute femoral neck fractures had primary hemiarthroplasties with the Christiansen trunnion-bearing endoprosthesis. Dislocations occurred in six patients (4 per cent). Five of these required reoperation due to separation of the femoral head in relation to the stem or of the plastic head and the metallic cap of the prosthetic head. PMID- 6670470 TI - Mechanical loosening of the femoral component in total hip replacement, Brunswik design. AB - One hundred and sixty-one non-infected primary total hip replacements, Brunswik design, were examined clinically and radiographically. Mechanical loosening defined as a radiolucent zone developing at the proximal, lateral part of the stem occurred in almost 40 per cent during the first few years after the operation whereafter a steady state was reached. Loosening of the stem was more common in men and in patients with a previous femoral neck fracture and significantly related to improper cementing. PMID- 6670471 TI - Factors leading to rearthroplasty in a material with radiographically loose total hip prostheses. AB - The present project was undertaken in an attempt to analyse factors associated with clinical failure (defined as indication for rearthroplasty) of total hip arthroplasties when radiographic loosening of the femoral component was present. Out of 79 radiographically loose femoral components the rate of failure was 23 per cent. High viscosity bone cement was negatively correlated to clinical failure whereas male sex and high body weight was positively correlated to clinical failure. Signs of loosening appearing early in the period of observation significantly more often led to clinical failure than late appearance of loosening, which was encouraging for the long-term prognosis. PMID- 6670472 TI - Penetration of acrylic bone cements into cancellous bone. AB - The depth of penetration of five commercial acrylic bone cements into cancellous bone was measured in vitro. Under standard, idealized conditions, cement penetration was found to vary significantly with different cements. Penetration was critically influenced by the coarseness of the cancellous bone and increased directly with the effective volume of the "cells" within the osseous matrix. An inverse correlation was determined between the mean cement viscosity during flow into the bone and final penetration depth. The dough time, set time and working time of each acrylic formulation was found to have no significant effect upon the depth of cement penetration. It is suggested that in addition to the techniques adopted for introduction of cement to the bone, the selection of the bone cement itself may critically influence the incidence of late loosening following total joint replacement. PMID- 6670474 TI - Factors associated with calcar resorption in cemented total hip prostheses. AB - Patient data and radiograms from a series of 237 total hip replacements were evaluated by means of a computer program. Middle-aged patients and those without other dysfunctions of the lower extremities than the primary hip disease were prone to develop calcar resorption. Patients who did not use supportive aids preoperatively and subjects doing well without aids postoperatively were more frequently represented in the group with calcar resorption. The CAD-prosthesis (Computer Assisted Design, Howmedica), was positively correlated to resorption at calcar at 6 months postoperatively compared to the Charnley-Muller prosthesis. A negative correlation to valgus oriented femoral components was noted. Vertical placement of the acetabular cup, large cups and a long distance between the femur and the pelvis was noted to occur more often in the group with calcar resorption. Mechanical factors are concluded to be predominant in early calcar resorption and are suggested to be of clinical importance for the long term results. PMID- 6670473 TI - Metal determination in organic fluids of patients with stainless steel hip arthroplasty. AB - In 20 stainless steel Charnley hip arthroplasties (with a follow-up of 10-13 years) nickel, chromium and manganese levels were measured in blood, plasma and urine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Skin patch tests for these metals, and clinical and roentgenographic results of arthroplasty were also assessed. Metal levels in organic fluids were plotted against a control population homogeneous for age, residence and anamnestic conditions with the first, but which had never undergone a prosthesis or other metallic implant surgical procedure. Nickel levels in blood, plasma and urine, manganese levels in blood and urine and chromium levels in plasma were significantly higher in the hip prostheses population. Metal ion release from stainless steel prostheses is discussed with regard to implant failure, metal sensitivity and carcinogenesis. PMID- 6670475 TI - External compression arthrodesis of the shoulder joint. AB - Compression arthrodesis of the shoulder was carried out in 16 patients. One case of postoperative infection healed by conservative treatment, and all but one had primary fusion. With a median of 12 years follow-up, 12 patients were examined clinically and radiologically; one patient was lost to follow-up and three patients were dead. The result was rated as good by 10 patients and as improved by two patients. External compression arthrodesis was found to be a safe and easy way to achieve solid fusion of the shoulder joint. Arthroplasty and arthrodesis of the shoulder joint are complementary operations, applicable in different clinical situations. PMID- 6670476 TI - Costodesis and contralateral rib release in the management of progressive scoliosis. AB - This paper reports on 41 immature patients whose scoliosis was treated by fixation of ribs on the convexity. All had progressive scoliosis, the curve deteriorating at more than 10 degrees p.a., or the rib-vertebra angle difference being greater than 20 degrees. Of the 24 with infantile idiopathic scoliosis examined 5 years after operation, 10 maintained the improvement obtained at operation and in a further 19 the rate of deterioration had been slowed. Factors leading to a favourable outcome included: 1) An initial rib-vertebra angle difference of less than 30 degrees. 2) Success in achieving convex rib fusion. 3) The use of the operation in patients with infantile idiopathic scoliosis. There was a less favourable outcome in congenital and adolescent scoliosis. Spirometric volumes were diminished immediately after operation. Costodesis is therefore contraindicated in patients with precarious respiratory function. PMID- 6670477 TI - Minor collagens in arthrotic human cartilage. Change in content of 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha and M-collagen with age and in osteoarthrosis. AB - The content and distribution of 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha and M-collagens in human articular cartilage were studied. As controls, normal femoral heads and costal cartilage of autopsy material from newborn to 91-year-old persons were used. The osteoarthrotic cartilage was obtained from patients undergoing total hip replacement aged 45-80. The pepsin-digested cartilage collagen was fractionated by differential salt fractionation. The collagen content of the fractions was determined, and the fractions were separated by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. In the extracted collagen, the type II collagen varied from 82 to 97 per cent with increasing age. The 1 alpha, 2 alpha and 3 alpha chains decreased. M-collagen, especially of the high molecular weight components, disappeared with age. In osteoarthrosis three types of change - degeneration, new fibrocartilage formation on the surface of osteophyte and reparative cartilage - were separately studied. In all types of osteoarthrosis, an increase of minor collagens was found. In newly formed fibrocartilage, the reappearance of M collagen was conspicuous. It is proposed that the three types of osteoarthrotic cartilage may be characterized on the basis of content and distribution of minor collagens. PMID- 6670478 TI - Separation of tendon ends after suture of achilles tendon. AB - Ten patients treated for an acute rupture of the achilles tendon were studied. During the operation a marker was attached to each tendon end. The postoperative separation of the markers was studied by repeated X-ray examinations. Despite immobilization a small initial separation was found during the first 4 days, followed by a period of no separation. After about 20 days a second separation started. No re-ruptures occurred. Both in the rabbit and in man a small initial separation of sutured tendon ends seemed to indicate an adequate tendon suture and therefore also a good tendon healing. PMID- 6670480 TI - Morphological observations of torsional fractures of the adult tibial shaft. AB - The present study is an analysis of the radiographic morphology of 250 consecutive clinical torsional fractures of the adult tibial shaft. The site, extent, degree of comminution and orientation of the principal fracture plane were determined, with special attention paid to the initial lateral displacement as an estimate of injury to the interosseous membrane. The predilection site of the torsional fractures was at the junction of the middle and distal thirds of the tibia. An additional moment of axial compression in the causative violence seemed to result in a more distal fracture. The orientation of the principal fracture plane did not occur at random. The centre of the actual spiral component of the fracture line was located in the anterolateral and the vertical element of the fracture in the posteromedial quadrant of the tibial circumference in 78 per cent of cases. A latero-medial orientation of the fracture, approaching the sagittal plane and perpendicular to the interosseous membrane, showed increased frequency of severe initial lateral displacement as compared with postero anterior fractures, lying in the coronal plane (P less than 0.01). Tibial fractures with intact fibulae were seen only in the young, with a mean age of 25 years for these patients, but no other age-associated fracture characteristics were found. PMID- 6670479 TI - Incidence and stability of trochanteric femoral fractures. AB - Sex, age and stability were recorded in 376 cases of trochanteric femoral fractures. In 168 cases the age and sex specific incidence was determined. When comparing our results with those in previous studies from the same region there was no increase that could not be related to age. This is in contrast to other reports from Scandinavia where investigators have found an increase in fracture incidence that could not be explained by the increasing number of old people. We, as others, have found a high proportion of unstable fractures. The unstable fractures did not occur more frequently in the oldest age groups. PMID- 6670481 TI - Stress-protection after external fixation on the intact rabbit tibia. AB - Bone loss due to the stress-protecting effect of a metal plate on intact bone is a well-known phenomenon. The purpose of the present study was to find whether a similar effect is caused by external fixation. External mini-fixation was applied on the intact rabbit tibial diaphysis of one leg. The other tibia served as control. The animals were sacrificed after 6 or 12 weeks, and both tibiae biomechanically tested in three-point bending. The bone mineral content was measured by photon absorptiometry. No significant changes in bone strength, stiffness or mineral content were found after 6 weeks. The strength and stiffness were significantly reduced after 12 weeks. The median strength and stiffness at that time were 87 and 88 per cent, respectively, in relation to the control bones. The mineral content in the bone segment which had been stabilized by external fixation was significantly reduced after 12 weeks (median 90 per cent of the values for the control bones). No significant change in the mineral content occurred at a level in the tibial diaphysis distal to the external fixation device. It is concluded that the stress-protecting effect caused by external mini fixation on the rabbit tibia occurs later, and is less pronounced, than that caused by metal plates. PMID- 6670482 TI - Fibrin adhesive system in bone healing. PMID- 6670483 TI - Hip fractures in the county of Funen, Denmark. Implications of demographic aging and changes in incidence rates. AB - In patients 40 years and above a total of 3096 hip fractures (783 in males and 2313 in females) occurred in the entire county of Funen, Denmark from 1 July 1973 to 30 June 1979. The incidence of hip fractures increased exponentially with age in both sexes. During the survey the number of hip fractures in females showed a marked increase above what could be explained by demographic aging alone, whereas this tendency was not so pronounced in males. Provided the observed increase in incidence rates prevails, aging of the population in combination with this increase will lead to a threefold increase in the number of hip fractures over a 20-year period. This is substantially more than other Scandinavian authors have reported. PMID- 6670484 TI - Indium-111 leucocyte scanning in the evaluation of painful hip arthroplasty. AB - Thirty patients with a painful hip arthroplasty had an In-111 leucocyte scan before surgical reexploration. In 12 patients, the In-111 leucocyte scan was abnormal and in all of them, microorganisms were found at the culture of the material from their hips at the operation. Among the 18 patients with a normal scan no infection was found in 17. In one patient, a thick-walled abscess growing Escherichia coli was found. We conclude that In-111 scanning is sensitive, specific and therefore useful in the differential diagnosis of pain after hip arthroplasty. PMID- 6670485 TI - Axial compression in femoral neck osteotomies. A biomechanic study in human cadaver hips. AB - The risk of applying compression to a sliding-screw-plate osteosynthesis in the treatment of femoral neck fractures was evaluated in an experimental study of 40 femoral neck osteotomies. Ten pairs of bones from autopsied women between 70 years and 79 years of age were compared to 10 pairs of bones from autopsied women of more than 80 years of age. The compression was applied intermittently but measured continuously. The results showed a diphasic curve. When the maximum axial compression force was reached, any attempt to apply further compression resulted in a rapid fall in pressure at the site of the osteotomy. The median of the maximum axial compression force was 971 N, ranging from 275 N to 1756N. The maximum axial compression forces were significantly lower in bones from women of more than 80 years of age compared to bones from women in the seventh decade. The clinical implication of the study is that compression of femoral neck fractures by a sliding-screw-plate system may be hazardous in patients with brittle bone, e.g. women over 80 years of age. PMID- 6670486 TI - Total condylar prosthesis placement in knee arthroplasty. Biomechanic analysis of human knee preparations. AB - Knee replacement using the Total Condylar Prosthesis was carried out on six large cadaveric knees. Tibiofemoral articulation was studied radiographically with the tibial component placed anteriorly as well as posteriorly on the tibial plateau. It is concluded that, in this model, when using the Total Condylar Prosthesis for big-sized knees, a tall, posteriorly placed tibial component gave the best placement of the femoral component and the most central tibio-femoral articulation, entailing optimal distribution of the load on the trabecular bone beneath the tibial component. PMID- 6670487 TI - Hahn's operation for pseudarthrosis after osteomyelitis of the tibia in children. A report of three cases. AB - Three children with pseudarthrosis of the tibia after osteomyelitis and extensive sequestration of the diaphysis were operated according to Hahn with transfer of the fibula to the proximal part of the tibia at ages 2-9 years. Because of damage to the distal growth plate, secondary to the infectious process, epiphyseodesis of the proximal ends of the tibia and fibula on the unaffected side was necessary to reduce the length discrepancy. Restored continuity of the tibial diaphysis resulted in restored longitudinal growth proximally and in increased diaphyseal width. In all three cases the operation resulted in good weight-bearing limbs with only slight residual disability at adult age. Hahn's original method is simpler and in children may result in a limb which is closer to normal than the modifications of his method. PMID- 6670488 TI - Post-traumatic growth disturbance of the ankle treated by the Langenskiold procedure. Evaluation by radiography, roentgen stereophotogrammetry, scintimetry and histology: case report. AB - Progressive growth retardation and varus tilting were observed in a child with an ankle fracture of supination-adduction type initially treated by closed reduction and pinning. The patient was later operated with the Langenskiold procedure. Preoperatively, roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis showed decreasing growth rates especially medially in the distal tibia, radionuclide scintimetry manifested reduced activity on the injured side, and tomograms showed a bony bridge medially. The evidence of growth in the distal tibia indicated the existence of an osseofibrous bridge between the epiphysis and the metaphysis. This was also confirmed by the findings at the operation and partly by microscopical investigation of the removed osseofibrous bridge. Postoperative stereophotogrammetric analysis showed reduction of the varus position in two steps. Roentgen stereophotogrammetry permits early detection of a growth disturbance, and evaluation of the effects of therapy. PMID- 6670489 TI - Effects of compression on growth plates in the rabbit. AB - Compression was applied to the distal femoral growth plate in rabbits. Measurements of bone length and microscopic studies of the physis showed that the axial growth rate decreased proportionally with the compression force; forces greater than 30 N caused cartilage cell damage and rapid cessation of physeal growth. PMID- 6670490 TI - Radiographic instability of the ankle joint after Evans' repair. AB - Forty-two unstable ankle joints were treated surgically by Evans' operation. The clinical postoperative results were correlated with the objective radiological stress examinations. The mean age of the patients was 29 years (15-60 years). The clinical and radiological follow-up examinations were performed 6 months after the operation. In the stress X-ray examinations a modified stress frame was used. Clinical instability was noted in four patients. In the radiological examination one patient had a pathological finding in the talar tilt test and 18 patients in the anterior drawer sign test. The radiological instability correlated poorly with the subjective end results. Six patients were estimated to have a poor result of the operation. Five of these patients had a positive anterior drawer sign in the stress X-ray examination and one had degenerative changes in the ankle. Although Evans' repair is a simple and reliable method of reconstructing ruptures of the lateral ligaments of the ankle joint, it is associated with a relatively high frequency of positive anterior subluxation on radiological stress examination. This finding can be explained by the anatomical and geometrical factors on the lateral side of the ankle joint. PMID- 6670491 TI - Pseudotumor after metal fixation of a fracture surgery. A case report. AB - The present report describes an unusual complication after surgical treatment of a femoral fracture. Metal particles, produced by mechanical damage to an intramedullary rod by the insertion of screws perpendicular to the rod, were found to have initiated a tumor-like change in the soft tissues 4 years after removal of the metal implants. Conventional X-ray, angiography and CT-scan showed adjacent to the healed fracture a large tumor mass, which was interpreted as a soft tissue sarcoma. However, histopathological assessment revealed extensive necrotic changes around scattered metal particles in the biceps femoris muscle, which may be assumed to have been induced either chemically or bacterially. PMID- 6670492 TI - Acromio-clavicular separations treated conservatively. A 5-year follow-up study. AB - Seventy patients with acute acromio-clavicular separation were examined retrospectively after treatment with a minimum of immobilization. The mean interval between injury and follow-up was 6 years. In 37 patients with partial separation, the results were excellent in 24 and good in 13. In 30 patients with complete separation, the results were excellent in 7, good in 23 and unsatisfactory in 3. The radiographic findings are discussed. At follow-up, complete separation had often caused remodeling with stability of the joint. PMID- 6670493 TI - Surgical treatment of dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint. AB - Six patients with dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint are presented. Their main complaints were chronic recurrent spontaneous dislocation and local tenderness and discomfort during normal use of the shoulder. Two patients were treated according to Brown's modified procedure while four patients were operated with Burrow's technique. Ten weeks immobilization postoperatively is recommended to obtain a satisfactory result. PMID- 6670494 TI - Synovectomy in bacterial arthritis. AB - Twenty patients with bacterial arthritis with either delay in diagnosis or no response to treatment are presented. Synovectomy, even when performed after 5 days and up to 4 weeks later, could prevent joint destruction in the knee but not in the hip. The average follow-up time was 5 (2-9) years. PMID- 6670495 TI - Synovectomy with resection of the distal ulna in rheumatoid arthritis of the wrist. AB - Wrist synovectomy with resection of the distal ulna was performed in 47 cases, where rheumatoid affection in the wrist joint caused visible capsular swelling, pain and reduced range of motion. At follow-up after a mean observation time of 33 months, 31 cases had complete pain relief, eight cases had moderate pain relief. In eight cases pain during wrist motion was unchanged at follow-up and in five of these, recurrence of capsular swelling was noted. The range of motion (both supination/pronation and vola- and dorsiflection) was significantly improved, as was the subjective assessment of function. The radiographic findings showed progression in 41 cases. Deviation in the wrist was unchanged. In three cases reoperations were performed and one case had spontaneous rupture of the 4th and 5th extensor tendons 1 month postoperatively. In 15 cases dislocation of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon in volar direction by rotational movement was noted. Stability was good in all cases and no serious postoperative complications occurred. Wrist synovectomy with resection of the distal ulna is recommended in cases where regular medical treatment has been attempted for a minimum of 6 months without successful results. PMID- 6670496 TI - Calcitonin producing tumour. Effects on fracture repair and normal bone in rats. AB - The mechanical properties and the collagen metabolism of healing fractures and intact bones have been studied in rats with a transplanted, calcitonin (CT) secreting, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MCT). Sham operated animals served as controls. The MCT was transplanted beneath the kidney capsule. Seven months later, when the rats with MCT had increased circulating levels of CT, a standardized femoral fracture was produced in all the animals. The serum levels of CT were 3-40 times higher in tumour bearing rats than in controls in the period following the fracture. The fracture strength of rats with MCT was reduced by about 60 per cent compared to controls at 16 weeks after the fracture. The strength of intact femora (ultimate torsional moment) seemed to be progressively impaired by increasing levels of circulating CT. Also the strength of bone as a material (ultimate torsional stress) was reduced in the rats with MCT. The collagen synthesis was reduced in MCT rats, but the amounts of collagen in fractured or intact bones were not changed compared to controls. We conclude that chronic hypercalcitoninaemia due to MCT seems to have a negative influence both on fracture healing and on bone metabolism. PMID- 6670497 TI - The repair of soft tissue defects in the lower leg. A comparison of different flap techniques. AB - The results following reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the lower leg in 102 patients with 19 cross-leg flaps, 49 muscle flaps, 17 dorsalis pedis island flaps and 26 free composite island flaps were compared regarding the pattern of primary healing, time taken to heal and costs. The cross-leg flap appeared to be the least dependable method of reconstruction and most expensive way of reestablishing stable soft tissue coverage. Muscle flaps and dorsalis pedis island flaps appeared to be preferable and equal alternatives to cross-leg flaps in the proximal and distal part of the lower leg, respectively. Free composite island flaps also appeared advantageous compared to cross-leg flaps, and seem to be indicated when simpler means of reconstruction are inadequate or would yield a similar result at higher overall costs. PMID- 6670498 TI - Apophysitis of the olecranon. A report of four cases. AB - Apophysitis of the olecranon is described in one girl and three boys from 9 to 13 years of age. The symptoms were pain and tenderness and radiography showed fragmentation. The symptoms improved and disappeared with rest. PMID- 6670499 TI - Resection for tumor of the proximal tibia. PMID- 6670500 TI - Permeability of surgeons' gloves to methyl methacrylate. AB - The quick passage of methyl methacrylate at 21 degrees C and 35 degrees C through seven surgeon's glove materials in a diffusion chamber was quantified by gas chromatographic analysis. Polystyrene-butadiene dissolved in methyl methacrylate, latex and polychlorobutadiene showed reversible expansion, during which material from the samples dissolved. In order to prevent these phenomena from interfering with the analyses, experiments were performed with 4.7 M methyl methacrylate in ethanol. Even then, the time in which methyl methacrylate permeated the membrane was too short for sufficient protection. When using these gloves, the orthopaedic surgeon who is fixing endoprostheses is no doubt occlusively exposed to methyl and other methacrylates, benzoyl peroxide, rubber additives, etc. Of glove materials which are not surgically used, vinyl was inferior to latex, whereas a very thin polyethylene copolymer did not change in methyl methacrylate, showed better resistance to diffusion, but was insufficiently elastic and easily perforated. A better protective material is urgently needed. PMID- 6670501 TI - Depressive effects of acrylic cement components on bone metabolism. Isotope release and phosphatase production studied in vitro. AB - In vitro methyl methacrylate bone cement components were found to depress the release of radioactive calcium and proline as well as the activity of both alkaline and acid phosphatases. These effects were dose dependent and reached levels observed for dead bone. These observations may reflect part of the pathogenesis of loosening of joint replacements involving the use of bone cement. PMID- 6670502 TI - Early effects of parathormone and calcitonin on the number of osteoclasts and on serum-calcium in rats. AB - Using succinic dehydrogenase staining of osteoclasts, the authors have studied the early effects on these cells of parathormone and calcitonin in rats. Thirty minutes after injection of the hormones the number of osteoclasts had increased (parathormone) or decreased (calcitonin), associated with inverse changes in total serum-calcium. The results confirm earlier studies showing the remarkably rapid changes in the number of osteoclasts after substances acting on serum calcium. PMID- 6670503 TI - The stress-protecting effect of metal plates on the intact rabbit tibia. AB - The purpose of the present study was to find the extent of stress-protection by a steel plate (45 X 5 X 1 mm) on the rabbit tibia. The animals were sacrificed after 6, 12 and 18 weeks. The median strength after plate application was 84, 73 and 72%, respectively. The elastic stiffness of plated bones was also reduced, while the deformation at fracture showed no significant reduction. The mineral content in the bone segment previously covered by a plate was measured by photon absorptiometry; it was reduced after 12 and 18 weeks. The stress-protecting effect caused by this thin steel plate was less pronounced than that previously reported by groups using more rigid plates on rabbit tibiae. The stress protecting effect increased up to 12 weeks, but subsequently no further increase occurred. PMID- 6670504 TI - Compressive strength of tibial cancellous bone. Instron and osteopenetrometer measurements in an autopsy material. AB - The topographic variation of proximal tibial cancellous bone strength was investigated in 12 knees from routine autopsies. Samples from eight knees were tested to compressive failure in an Instron material testing machine, and four knees were tested with the osteopenetrometer, an instrument developed for intraoperative measurement of bone strength. Ultimate stress, elastic modulus and energy absorption of the bone were calculated from the Instron-curves. Mechanical properties varied considerably from knee to knee, but the topographic patterns were remarkably constant. The medial condyle showed the highest strength, the intercondylar area the lowest. On the medial side the bone was strongest at the front, while on the lateral side the reverse was true. The two horizontal levels tested did not differ significantly. The osteopenetrometer measurements closely modelled the pattern of ultimate stress. PMID- 6670505 TI - Osteochondrogenesis of free periosteal grafts in the rabbit iliac crest. AB - The influence of the bone marrow, cortical bone and apophyseal cartilage of the iliac crest on osteochondrogenesis from free autogenous periosteal grafts was studied histologically in 8-week-old rabbits. Tibial periosteum was transplanted around the iliac crest, from which the periosteum had been removed from the inner side, periosteum and cortical bone in an area on the outer side and perichondrium from the apophyseal cartilage. Most bone formation occurred in the area with periosteum in contact with the bone marrow of the cancellous bone. By means of an isolating Nucleopore filter, it was revealed that the most vigorous of this bone formation originated from the periosteal graft. Further, it was noted that in the series with the Nucleopore filter, bone formation was slower than in the series without the filter, suggesting some inductive factors. No bone formation occurred in the apophyseal area. PMID- 6670506 TI - The blood flow of rabbits' tendons. Variation with age, activity and hypoxia. AB - The Xenon133 washout technique was used to measure the blood-flow rate in flexor tendons of rabbits in different conditions. No variation was found with age. On the other hand, activity caused by electrical stimulation of the muscle increased the flow rate in the tendon significantly, confirming that the tendon is a metabolically active structure. Ligation of the vessels to the tendons failed to achieve a decrease of the blood flow rate. This was probably due to a rapid revascularization or biochemical modification of the tissue. PMID- 6670507 TI - Progression of congenital kyphosis in Ishibashi rats. AB - The development of congenital kyphosis was studied radiographically and histologically in 32 female and 34 male Ishibashi rats between the fourth and thirty-sixth week after birth. The major congenital spinal anomalies were defects of segmentation in the lumbar area. The malformation was classified into four groups according to the state of non-segmentation seen in radiographs. The progression of kyphosis was closely related to various changes at intervertebral spaces. The spinal deformity resulting from narrowing of the intervertebral spaces without bony fusion did not progress with growth, and the epiphyseal plates remained relatively intact unrelated to the existence of disc tissue. The deformity resulting from ventral bony fusion without radiographic bony anomalies showed histologically dysplastic epiphyseal plates on the ventral side. Progression of the kyphosis occurred in this type of deformity. The kyphosis resulting from bony fusion and ventral wedge-vertebrae progressed in the males. Progressive kyphosis appeared to be due to a difference in growth potential between the ventral and dorsal epiphyseal plates. PMID- 6670508 TI - The pathology of congenital metatarsus varus. A post-mortem study of a newborn infant. AB - A case of congenital metatarsus varus from an autopsy of a newborn infant was explored. Contracture of the anterior tibialis muscle was present as well as alterations in size and shape of the first cuneiform bone. Furthermore, subluxations in the fore- and midfoot were observed, especially round the first cuneiform bone. It is concluded that congenital metatarsus varus may be classified as a subluxation followed by secondary bone changes and contractures in the soft tissues. PMID- 6670509 TI - Features resisting primary treatment of congenital club foot. AB - The aims of this study were: (1) to see whether the number of relapses of hindfoot deformity in congenital club foot in the first year of life could be reduced by operative treatment, and (2) to try by surgery to pinpoint features of congenital club feet that make them resistant to treatment. As compared to treatment of 95 feet with manipulation and plaster cast only or with heel cord tenotomy added, early tenotomy of both the heel cord and the tibialis posterior tendon in 23 feet markedly reduced the number of relapses of hindfoot deformity, and the need for additional treatment. The results indicate that the achilles and the tibialis posterior tendons, and their corresponding muscles, are the main dynamic features that need to be dealt with when treating the hindfoot deformity in congenital club foot. PMID- 6670510 TI - Correction by growth of rotational deformity after femoral fracture in children. AB - Fourteen children with femoral shaft fractures were studied for 10 years after fracture or until growth plate closure, using repeated anteversion measurements. A mean anteversion difference of 9.6 degrees between the fractured and intact sides after fracture consolidation decreased to 5.6 degrees (p less than 0.01), indicating that children have a considerable ability to correct a rotational deformity by growth, especially during the first years after fracture. It was also found that tibial pin traction results in a greater rotational deformity than does bilateral Bryant traction. PMID- 6670511 TI - Post-fracture changes of the femur cortex. AB - Roentgenograms of the femora were obtained in 21 patients who on average 10 years earlier had sustained a fracture of the shaft of one tibia. On the fracture side a slightly uneven "spotted" appearance could be detected in most patients. Also, the marrow canal was about 10 per cent wider in the femora of the fractured limb- this widening was unrelated to the time factor, indicating a permanent loss of endosteal bone. PMID- 6670512 TI - A radiographic five-year follow-up of femoral neck fractures. AB - Forty femoral neck fractures were followed for 5 years in a prospective clinical, roentgenographic and scintimetric investigation. Thirteen cases had uncomplicated healing, 22 necrosis and five non-union. The diagnostic value of radiographic changes was analysed with reference to development of necrosis of the femoral head or non-union. Sclerosis of the femoral head, and compression and displacement of the fracture were compatible with eventual healing and clinical recovery. Subchondral fracture and collapse of the load-bearing surface, diagnostic for necrosis, were observed in only 7 of 22 cases at 1 year and as late as 3-5 years in three cases. By contrast, four out of five non-union cases were established radiographically within 1 year. Patients needing an arthroplasty after fracture of the femoral neck should be identified on clinical grounds after early radionuclide scintimetry. Waiting for radiographic documentation of necrosis in cases with pain will increase the risk for physical and social impairment associated with poor function of the hip. PMID- 6670513 TI - External fixation for redislocated Colles' fractures. AB - Rereduction was carried out in 5% of all treated Colles' fractures and they were externally fixated with a one-bar Hoffmann apparatus. The results of 57 of the first 69 patients treated with a follow-up time of at least 1 year are presented. Using Frykman's criteria, 18 patients were judged as "excellent", 25 as "good" and 14 patients were judged as "unsatisfactory". The anatomical analysis showed no increase of deformity during the fixation. The final mean results were a 3.0 mm radial shortening and the articular plane of the radius at a right angle to the long axis. Among the first patients, five cases of pin-loosening were seen, but there were no adverse effects in the final result. There were no pin-tract infections. The results justify using the method as a routine when a redislocated Colles' fracture is rereduced. PMID- 6670514 TI - Surface replacement arthroplasty of the hip. Experience with the ICLH method. AB - Fifty-six ICLH-surface replacement arthroplasties of the hip were followed up prospectively for 1 to 6 years postoperatively, mean 2.5 years. Fifty-one hips had osteoarthritis and five rheumatoid arthritis. Pain, motion, walking ability, and function were considerably improved after surgery. It is our impression that the clinical results were equal to those obtained by conventional stemmed hip arthroplasties. Complications were recorded in nine hips, with femoral neck fracture in two, loosening of both components in two, and loosening of the acetabular component in five. Three of the failures occurred in the five hips with rheumatoid arthritis. The high failure rate is disturbing, and we now limit the indications for this procedure to patients with osteoarthritis, 40-60 years of age, and with good bone stock. PMID- 6670515 TI - Seven-year follow-up of total hip replacement with the Brunswik prosthesis. AB - One hundred and sixty-one non-infected total hip arthroplasties were reviewed on average 4 years post-operatively and 113 of these were reviewed again on average 7 years post-operatively. Non-infectious stem loosening was observed in 38% and required exchange operation in 20%. At review, 12 sockets (7%) were found to be loose. However, the mean hip scores were good, which could partly be explained by cases excluded because of revision. PMID- 6670516 TI - Prosthetic arthroplasty of the shoulder. AB - Twenty-six patients, 18 with rheumatoid arthritis, underwent arthroplasty of the shoulder between 1973 and 1980, with an average follow-up of 3 years. The Stanmore and Kessel arthroplasties and the Neer hemiarthroplasty were used. Twenty-one patients undergoing 22 elective arthroplasties considered that the operation was worthwhile. Pain was completely relieved in 12 shoulders. Movement was improved in 18 shoulders. The priority of restoring movements which improved independence and self-respect is emphasised; the results were far superior to those obtained by an arthrodesis. PMID- 6670517 TI - Resection of the lateral end of the clavicle. A 3 to 30-year follow-up. AB - Fifty patients, operated on with resection of the clavicle, were evaluated postoperatively after an average of 9 years. There was no significant difference between the traumatic and non-traumatic group. The initial results did not alter significantly with time. Nearly half of the patients with poor outcome had psychiatric or alcoholic problems. Radiographic examination of 30 shoulders showed newly formed bone at the resected clavicle in one third and radio-opaque deposits in the resection gap in another third. These findings were consistent with good outcome. PMID- 6670518 TI - The vertical position of the patella. AB - A new radiographic method for estimation of the vertical position of the patella in extension is presented. The vertical position of the patella determined by this method and the length of the ligament, patella and its surface were all found to be related to body-height. The vertical position of the patella may thus be expressed as its ratio to body-height: the vertical index of the patella. PMID- 6670519 TI - Patellofemoral disorders treated by operations. AB - Thirty-six patients with patellofemoral disorders treated with various operative procedures were evaluated after an average follow-up period of 29 (6 to 72) months. Instability of the patella, either recurrent dislocation or subluxation, was present preoperatively in 27 knees (Group A). Twelve patients (Group B) were operated on for chondromalacia, which was not combined with a history of instability. Good results were obtained in 15 cases in Group A and in only three cases in Group B. Simple procedures, lateral release alone and medial duplication alone appeared to be ineffective methods. PMID- 6670520 TI - Healing of the medial collateral ligament of the knee. A morphological and biochemical assessment in rabbits. AB - Complete midsubstance injuries of medial collateral ligaments of matched New Zealand white rabbits were allowed to heal without repair or immobilization for various lengths of time. Morphological and biochemical parameters were used to evaluate healing as compared with normal unoperated and sham operated ligaments. Results showed incomplete healing at the longest term follow-up (14 weeks) with significant biochemical abnormalities. Although there was a trend toward normal, recovery from injury was much slower than previously reported. PMID- 6670521 TI - Knee function and muscle strength following distal ileotibial band transfer for antero-lateral rotatory instability. AB - In a prospective study, 60 consecutive patients underwent a distal iliotibial band transfer for anterolateral knee instability. Knee function was evaluated with a score system, static stability tests and a standardized test including thigh muscle measurements, a one-leg-jump-test and a figure-of-8 running test. At the 40-month follow-up there was a significant increase in the mean knee score. The quadriceps in the treated leg was significantly weaker than in the non operated leg, and the quadriceps strength was significantly correlated to the knee score. The functional outcome after operation was generally unsatisfactory. Few patients attained normal values in all tests, primarily because of poor restoration of stability. PMID- 6670522 TI - Size, site and clinical incidence of lipoma. Factors in the differential diagnosis of lipoma and sarcoma. AB - All 428 patients who had a non-visceral lipoma histopathologically diagnosed during 1 year in a defined population (0.74 million inhabitants) were analysed retrospectively as regards the age, duration of symptoms, size, site (location and depth) and multiplicity of the lipomas. Solitary subcutaneous lipomas were uncommon in the hand, thigh, lower leg and foot, and four-fifths of them (264/338) were smaller than 5 cm. Multiple subcutaneous lipomas were found in 61 patients, most of them young males. Subfascial lipomas, with a mean size (6 cm) double that of solitary subcutaneous lipomas, were found in 13 patients. A subgroup of 192 lipomas (153 patients) was reexamined histologically and the tumours were classified as either simple lipoma or angiolipoma. Angiolipomas were significantly more common in patients with multiple lipomas. To assess the reliability of a clinical diagnosis of lipoma as well as the proportion of clinically diagnosed lipomas not verified by histology, the records of patients seen in one department of surgery and in one health care centre were examined. Based on these data, the annual clinical incidence of lipoma (number of patients consulting a doctor for a lipoma, even if not histologically verified) was estimated to be 1/1000. When the data for solitary lipomas were compared to those for soft-tissue sarcoma, it was found that patient age and duration of symptoms were of minor value in the clinical differential diagnosis. However, if a tumour were (a) larger than 5 cm, irrespective of depth and location, (b) located in the thigh, irrespective of depth and size, or (c) deep, irrespective of location and size, it was more likely to be a sarcoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6670523 TI - Synovectomy of the elbow in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The results of 39 synovectomies of the elbow performed during the period 1976 1980 were evaluated, and the factors which may have influenced the success of synovectomy analysed. Synovectomy results were satisfactory in 27 of the cases. Success of synovectomy seems to be related to the operative approach used and not to the radiographic grade of destruction of the elbow or to the duration of the follow-up. PMID- 6670524 TI - Double oblique displacement osteotomy for hallux valgus. AB - Surgical treatment of adult hallux valgus was carried out in 57 feet using the double oblique displacement osteotomy described by Wilson. Twenty weeks after the operation, no patients had inconvenient problems when walking. The results were classified as excellent in 52 feet. Wilson's operation was found to be a simple, reliable procedure, giving satisfactory correction of the valgus deformity. PMID- 6670525 TI - Selection of amputation level. Comparison between morphine puncture test and skin perfusion pressure. AB - In 46 amputations performed on account of peripheral occlusive arterial disease, the morphine puncture test (MPT) and the local skin perfusion pressure measurement (SPP) were carried out preoperatively. Below-knee (BK) amputation was performed when the SPP was greater than or equal to 40 mm Hg unless clinical criteria indicated otherwise. Out of 12 BK amputations without any clinical skin changes, where the SPP was greater than or equal to 40 mm Hg but the MPT was negative, healing was achieved in 11 patients. Thus, if the MPT had been used as an objective method to determine the amputation level, 11 knees would have been sacrificed. The MPT is thus not suitable for determination of amputation level in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease. PMID- 6670526 TI - Contribution by tomodensitometry to the understanding and diagnosis of benign non epithelial endolaryngeal tumours. In connection with a case of chondroma, one of lipoma and one of rhabdomyoma. AB - The authors report on 3 cases of submucosal, non-epithelial tumour of the larynx: one chondroma, one lipoma and rhabdomyoma. A review of the literature is presented. These three cases have benefited by radiological imagery proper to tomodensitometry. This technique is certainly the preferential radiological examination, since it enables an appraisal to be made of the interrelationship of the tumour and its surrounding structures. It gives a probability diagnosis through comparative measurement of the tumorous density. PMID- 6670527 TI - [Capnocytophaga sputigena in sinusitis]. AB - The genus Capnocytophaga was reported in the literature for the first time in 1979. Capnocytophaga are fusiform gram-negative, slowly growing bacteria that require a high pCO2. They belong to the normal buccal flora and they are reported as pathogens in infections of the periodontal region with progressive periodontitis and in septicaemia in patients with immunodeficiencies and buccal ulcerations. The present paper is the first to report Capnocytophaga sputigena as a pathogen in sinusitis. The patient presented a chronic maxillary sinusitis as a complication of a complicated tooth-extraction. The proof for pathogenicity was demonstrated by the presence of Capnocytophaga in the polymorphonucleocytes of the sinusal secretions and by the fact that the bacteria were not easily eradicated despite multiple sinusal irrigations. PMID- 6670528 TI - [Surgical and functional results in partial surgery of the piriform sinus]. AB - The authors remind surgical technique and indications of the hemipharyngolaryngectomy for treatment of hypopharyngeal carcinoma. About 20 cases, functionnal postoperative disorders with their causes and their treatment are exposed. PMID- 6670529 TI - [Comparative study of standard radiology, sinusoscopy and sinusmanometry of chronic sinus pathology in the adult]. AB - The aim of this study is to establish a correlation between Standard X-ray, sinuscopy and sinusomanometry, in case of chronic maxillary sinusitis. One hundred and fifty-three adults maxillary sinuses were studied. A good positive correlation was found between radiology and sinuscopy (44,5-89,5%). There is no correlation either between X-Ray and sinusomanometry, nor between sinuscopy (excluded ostium) and sinusomanometry. On the other hand, a very good correlation exists between maxillary ostium morphology and sinusomanometry (84,1%). The authors concluded that morphological and functional investigations of sinusal pathology are complementary and cannot be dissociated. PMID- 6670530 TI - [Etiologic approach to keloids]. PMID- 6670531 TI - [Our attitude toward anterior mucoceles. Apropos of 16 cases]. PMID- 6670532 TI - The transethmoidal-transsphenoidal route to the pituitary gland. Technique, advantages, limitations and possible complications. AB - The technique of the transethmoidal-transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary gland is described stepwise. The importance of a thorough preoperative radiological work-up and a preoperative X-ray image-intensifying control is outlined. The greatest disadvantages of the transethmoidal route are the extra axial approach and the external scar. The greatest advantages are the shorter route than in the transseptal approach, the absence of endonasal complications and the minimal postoperative discomfort. In the own patient material consisting of 26 patients where a pituitary adenoma was removed, we noted no mortality, no meningitis and no endonasal complications. There were two cases of postoperative C.S.F. leak and one case of amaurosis and ophthalmoplegia of the heterolateral eye. PMID- 6670533 TI - [Our experience with musculo-cutaneous flaps in cervico-facial oncology]. PMID- 6670534 TI - Embryology of the larynx. PMID- 6670535 TI - [Incidence of postoperative complications in the radiotherapy of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors]. PMID- 6670536 TI - Glycerol test for Bell's palsy. AB - The glycerol test has been introduced into the oto neurological diagnosis of Bell's palsy. The test allows one to detect the fibres which are affected by neuroapraxia from those which will not recover. Same cases are reported which demonstrate the technique and its prognosis meaning. PMID- 6670537 TI - Critical comments on laryngeal fibrosarcoma. PMID- 6670538 TI - [Otorhinolaryngology and micro-computers. Presentation of the subject and several applications]. PMID- 6670539 TI - Tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy: present status. PMID- 6670540 TI - [Measurement of the efficacy of the Rimondini-Rossi test for audiometric screening]. PMID- 6670541 TI - [Otoneurologic study of Friedreich's ataxia by a multidisciplinary approach. Preliminary report]. PMID- 6670543 TI - [Experimental approach to the problem of the usefulness of prophylactic dissection in cancer of the larynx]. PMID- 6670542 TI - [Vertebro-basilar deprivation nystagmus and vertebral Doppler sonography (Contribution to the early diagnosis of vertebro-basilar insufficiency)]. PMID- 6670544 TI - [Stromal reaction as a morphologic parameter of prognostic evaluation in carcinoma of the larynx]. PMID- 6670546 TI - [Fibrous dysplasia of bone. Considerations on 2 cases of a particular clinical evolution]. PMID- 6670545 TI - [Cancer of the larynx in the female: clinical study of 143 cases]. PMID- 6670547 TI - [Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth]. PMID- 6670548 TI - Florid duct lesions and extensive bile duct loss of the intrahepatic biliary tree in chronic liver diseases other than primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Intrahepatic biliary tree with either florid duct lesions or a moderate to severe degree of the duct loss in four livers with chronic hepatic diseases other than primary biliary cirrhosis were studied with histometric and serial section observations. Florid duct lesions, distributed segmentally in the liver, were found in one case with incomplete septal cirrhosis and one case with idiopathic portal hypertension. The florid duct lesions including marked plasma cell infiltration and occasional periductal granulomas, were not associated with any bile duct loss in the two cases. The duct lesions were reversible in one case during a long clinical course. On the other hand, a moderate to severe bile duct loss with biliary epithelial degeneration and necrosis was associated with no or little periductal inflammatory cell infiltration in one other case with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis, probably drug-induced, and in one case with idiopathic portal hypertension. Although florid duct lesions and bile duct loss were important diagnostic features of primary biliary cirrhosis, one of them was observed to develop independently in severely diseased livers, not consistent with a diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis or intrahepatic bile duct paucity syndrome. PMID- 6670549 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study on the cerebral arterial endothelium of experimentally hypertensive rats fed an atherogenic diet. AB - In order to clarify the roles of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in atherogenesis, the cerebral arterial endothelium of experimentally hypertensive female rats fed an atherogenic diet were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The hypertension was induced by constriction of the bilateral renal arteries. In both hypertensive groups, group I (hypertension + hypercholesterolemia) and group III (hypertension), many endothelial cells covered with numerous microvillous projections were observed. Pinocytotic vesicles and caveolae were also increased in these endothelial cells. On the other hand, in group II loaded with only hypercholesterolemia, microvillous projections on the endothelial cells tended to be increased, but its grade seemed to be lower than those of the hypertensive groups. These findings suggest that hypertension appears to be more effective than hypercholesterolemia in the cause of the increase of microvilli on the endothelial cell surfaces and the increase may be related to increased permeability in the cerebral arteries. PMID- 6670550 TI - Ultrastructural studies of the mouse aorta and its endothelial pinocytosis in diet-induced arteriosclerosis. AB - In mice fed on an atherogenic diet for 4 to 8 months, the aortas were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. After 8 months of being fed a high cholesterol diet, the animals developed aortic intimal lesions composed mainly of proliferated modified smooth muscle cells with an increase of connective tissues. Scanning electron microscopy showed changes in aortic luminal surface consisting primarily of altered distribution of microvilli. Quantitative analysis of these changes showed a statistically significant (P less than 0.001) increase in cholesterol-fed animals compared with controls and a significant (P less than 0.001) difference between at 4 months and at 8 months in cholesterol-fed mice. Ultrastructural study on the uptake of protein tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), by aortic endothelial cells in vitro was performed. The uptake of HRP was essentially the same for controls and cholesterol-fed mice at 4 months, but a statistically significant (P less than 0.005) increased uptake of HRP was observed at 8 months. Additional mice were subjected to nephrectomy with DOCA administration for 4 months along with a cholesterol-feeding. These animals showed a 2-fold increase in HRP-uptake compared with nephrectomized mice without a cholesterol-feeding. These results suggest that the enhanced pinocytotic activity of aortic endothelial cells in vitro, especially in hypertensive condition, and altered distribution of microvilli might be correlated to the arteriosclerotic process. PMID- 6670551 TI - Morphologic study on aorta dot stained with Evans blue in normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. AB - When a normal rabbit is injected intravenously with Evans blue, focal blue areas showing strong permeability appear in a region of the aortic arch and in a region distal to the orifice of the aortic branches. These blue areas consist of the dot stained area but are not homogeneous blue area. The morphological changes in the intima of the dot stained area and the relationship between the appearance of dot stained area and lipid deposition in the aorta of cholesterol fed rabbit were investigated. Evans blue showed focal acceleration of the permeability at the region of the aortic arch as early as 10 minutes. Light and electron microscopically such dot stained areas showed the widening of subendothelial space, lifting of some endothelial cells, intracytoplasmic vacuoles and membranous structure, junctional dilatation, and enhanced permeability of peroxidase. In 2% cholesterol fed rabbits, lipid deposition showed a punctuate pattern similar to the dot stained area of normal rabbit. PMID- 6670552 TI - Immunohistochemical studies of ulcerative colitis. With special reference to localization of immunoglobulins, secretory component, and lysozyme in view of suffering periods. AB - Surgically resected large bowels with ulcerative colitis (UC) and biopsies specimens from UC patients were studied immunohistochemically in terms of localization of immunoglobulins, secretory component (SC), complement (C3), and lysozyme in relation to suffering periods. In the long-standing group (suffering periods more than nine months) of UC, marked decrease or absence of IgA as well as IgM was frequently observed in the columnar epithelial cells despite residue of SC positivity. However, in the short-standing group (suffering periods from one month to four months) both SC and IgA were well preserved in the apical portion of the epithelial cells in the similar manner as observed in the control group. There was moderate to marked increase of IgA-producing cells and slight to moderate increase of IgM-producing cells in the majority of the UC cases regardless of suffering periods. Lysozyme was not demonstrable in the normal epithelial cells of the large intestine but occasionally observed in those of UC cases. PMID- 6670553 TI - Potentiation of large intestinal tumorigenicity of cycasin derivative by high-fat diet and Lactobacillus in germfree mice. AB - Large intestinal tumorigenesis was investigated in germ free (GF) mice following the administration of methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate, lard, and Lactobacillus arabinosus. Twelve weekly doses of 0.3 mg/10 g MAM acetate given to groups of male weanling, germfree ICR mice, fed either low-fat (LF) chow alone, or chow with added lard (HF). Additional groups of mice, on the low-fat diet, were monocontaminated with Lactobacillus arabinosus (GA) and they and their GF controls were given 12 weekly doses of 0.2 mg/10 g of MAM acetate. The HF and LF groups were sacrificed after 123 days, and the GA and GF groups after 214 days. Serial sections of the entire large intestine of the MAM acetate-treated mice revealed many more sessile polyps in the mice maintained on the high-fat diet. In the mice monocontaminated with Lactobacillus, numerous tumors were found, of which 25 percent were invasive. In addition, the polyps found in these animals were generally considerably larger than the polyps found in the GF mice. Atypia occurred in the large intestinal mucosa in all groups. Lard enhanced the large intestinal polypogenesis induced by MAM acetate in germfree mice. Gnotobiosis potentiated the formation of sessile polyps, and carcinogenesis. PMID- 6670554 TI - Simple ameloblastoma with ghost cell and granular cell components. AB - A rare case of simple ameloblastoma, acanthomatous type, which contained ghost cells and granular cells is reported. Although the ghost cells were noted only in the center of some tumor cell follicles, these staining properties were the same as those in the calcifying odontogenic cyst. It is suggested that, like the granular cell and hyaline body in odontogenic tumors and cysts, the presence of ghost cells is not a specific feature of the calcifying odontogenic cyst. PMID- 6670555 TI - Generalized fibrosis associated with pulmonary asbestosis. AB - An autopsy case of pulmonary asbestosis with fibrosis of various organs was reported. Pulmonary carcinoma and glomerulonephritis were complicated. Asbestos bodies (ABs) and fibers (AFs) were identified in the organs with fibrosis such as the lung, liver, kidney, heart, and thyroid gland by electron microscopy and digestion method. Moreover, we identified AFs in the spleen by electron microscopy which had been resected due to idiopathic portal hypertension six years previously. It is suggested that AFs can be transported to various organs and persist for a long period of time to cause pathological changes there. PMID- 6670556 TI - Hypereosinophilic syndrome with extensive myocardial involvement and mitral valve thrombus instead of mural thrombi. AB - A 68-year-old woman complained of repeated signs of congestive heart failure during the last 10 years. Clinical examination revealed persistent marked eosinophilia of the peripheral blood. Postmortem examination of the heart revealed multiple thrombo-embolic materials of the small vascular lumina throughout the myocardium, associated with marked perivascular and stromal infiltration of eosinophils, many foci of myocardial necrosis, and diffuse myocardial fibrosis. There was also an organizing thrombus in the posterior mitral valve. Neither subendocardial fibrosis, overlying mural thrombi in the endocardium, pulmonary infiltration of eosinophils nor systemic granulomatous or healed vasculitis in the lungs and other organs were found. The disease is preferably consistent with a diagnosis of hypereosinophilic syndrome of Hardy et al., a group of ill-defined and overlapping conditions, and best descriptively termed as eosinophilic interstitial myocarditis. PMID- 6670557 TI - Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Report of a surgical case clinically manifested with rapid lung metastasis. AB - A surgical case of an aggressive form of adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the penis was studied. The histological features of the tumor originating from the coronal region of the penis showed a well differentiated keratinized squamous cell carcinoma in the superficial area, which transformed into, with a zone of transition in between, an alveolar structure in the deep invading portion and in the metastatic tumor in the inguinal lymph nodes. The alveolar lining cells exhibited an undifferentiated appearance with prominent nucleoli, frequent mitotic figures, and vascular invasion. These cells were neither dyskeratotic nor acanthotic as described in the literatures. Mucin was negative in the tumor cells and angiosarcoma was ruled out with a silver impregnation technique. The patient took a rapid downhill course for the ordinary squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, and he expired eight months after penile amputation with a radiological evidence of lung metastasis. These unusual pathological features and an aggressive behavior of this tumor which were not hitherto described for adenoid squamous cell carcinomas necessitated this report. Autopsy was not performed. PMID- 6670558 TI - Hyperplastic fundic gland polyp of the stomach. AB - A case of a solitary pedunculated gastric polyp occurring in the fundic mucosa of a 47-year-old woman is reported because of its unique morphology. The polyp showed a peculiar lobulated configuration supported by smooth muscle bundles, and its epithelial component was composed mainly of a proliferation of relatively normal but disorganized fundic glands containing variable numbers of mucous, parietal, argyrophile, and chief cells. Although these histologic features may suggest a hamartoma-like quality, the lesion probably represents a peculiar form of localized hyperplastic process of the gastric mucosa exhibiting fundic glandular cell differentiation. PMID- 6670559 TI - Lobular capillary hemangioma of the esophagus. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of lobular capillary hemangioma in the lower portion of the esophagus in a 49-year-old woman was investigated. Lobular capillary hemangioma of the esophagus must be a rare lesion. We have been unable to find a single case in the literature. The excised lesion consisted macroscopically of a single strip of red tissue ulcerated and covered with a white exudate, 7 mm in length, with an attached vascular pedunculated lesion no more than 4 mm in diameter. Microscopically, the pedunculated lesion had the features of a capillary hemangioma with a circumscribed aggregate of capillaries arranged in one or more lobules. Similar cases from the oral and nasal mucous membranes were recorded in 1980 by Mills et al. PMID- 6670560 TI - Local effect of anaesthesia on cerebral blood flow in the rat. AB - Local blood flow was measured in 81 cerebral structures of the paralysed rat during nitrous oxide, sodium pentobarbital and glucochloralose anaesthesia. With a ventilatory mixture of 75% nitrous oxide and 25% oxygen the flow values in comparable structures were slightly lower than those reported in awake animals. Pentobarbital and chloralose depressed the local flow by an average of 32 +/- 2% and 39 +/- 2%, respectively, as compared to values measured during nitrous oxide administration. In some areas the flow was reduced below 40% of the control, whereas other regions showed no significant change at all. Based on the coefficients of correlation, the distribution of local flow values is similar under pentobarbital and chloralose, but differs considerably from the pattern observed during nitrous oxide anaesthesia. The results indicate that the effect of anaesthesia on cerebral blood supply depends a great deal on local factors, and experimental data collected under different types of anaesthesia are not directly comparable. PMID- 6670561 TI - Exocrine function of the pancreas in regularly swimming rats. AB - The exocrine function of the pancreas was investigated in the course of adaptation to regular physical activity. In albino rats exercized by swimming for six weeks it has been observed that - in response to an identical physiological stimulation (liquid food via gastric tube) and under ad libitum feeding the rate of secretion and enzyme activity exceeded control values by 100 to 150%; - in pair-fed rats the values of the exercized animals were 50 to 70% higher, and - vagotomy suspended this effect even when food was offered ad libitum. On the basis of these results adaptation to regular exercise involves the exocrine function of the pancreas. In this functional increase both the increased food intake after training sessions and the direct effect of muscular work have a share. For adaptation an intact innervation is necessary. PMID- 6670562 TI - Interstitial fluid pressure changes in pregnant rats. AB - In pregnant rats significant interstitial fluid pressure changes could be detected by means of capsules chronically implanted into the subcutaneous tissue. The capsular pressure increased significantly from a control value of -4.3 +/- 0.5 mmHg to -0.7 +/- 0.5 mmHg during the first period of pregnancy. Immediately before parturition the capsular pressure returned to the control level. During lactation the pressure rose as high as + 0.5 +/- 0.9 mmHg. After lactation the pressure returned again to the control value. By determining the extracellular fluid and plasma volume, as well as protein concentration in plasma and capsular fluid, the hydrostatic and colloid osmotic forces operating in the extracellular space could be analysed. It has been concluded that the observed capsular pressure changes during pregnancy are not solely of volumetric or colloid osmotic origin. PMID- 6670563 TI - Composition of phospholipids in various rat tissues. AB - Total phospholipids and their various classes in erythrocytes, the blood plasma, liver, lung, myocardium, spleen and skeletal muscles were determined quantitatively by means of two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 6670564 TI - Influence of neonatal endotoxin treatment and hormonal imprinting on thyrotropin induced thyroxin (T4) production of adult rats. AB - A single subtoxic dose of endotoxin given to newborn rats by the intraperitoneal route decreased the T4 level in adulthood. TSH administration 24 hours after the endotoxin treatment failed to abolish this effect but, in this case, the response to TSH provocation in adulthood exceeded even the control value. PMID- 6670565 TI - Lack of protective effect of adrenaline tolerance haemorrhagic shock in conscious dogs. AB - Dogs were made tolerant to lethal doses of adrenaline by treatment with increasing doses of the hormone up to 1 mg/kg. The conscious animals were then subjected to haemorrhagic shock with a hypovolaemic period of 3 hours. Survival was 8/17 in the pretreated group and 15/18 in the control group. 12 of 29 dogs died already during adrenaline treatment. Plasma catecholamine levels were higher in the treated group already before bleeding and also during hypovolaemia. Catecholamine induced myocardial lesions were found in the treated group. No evidence of a blunting of the sympathetic response or a protective effect in haemorrhagic shock was seen in adrenaline tolerance. PMID- 6670566 TI - Possible role of an endogenous opioid in the antihypertensive action of propranolol in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The effect on systolic blood pressure and heart rate of the acute and chronic intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of d- and dl-propranolol was investigated on unanesthetised spontaneously hypertensive rats. The effect of naloxone on the propranolol induced hypotension was also studied to test the hypothesis that the antihypertensive effect of propranolol involves the release of an endogenous opiate. On i.p. administration, 3 mg/kg d-propranolol was inactive; 3 and 30 mg/kg dl-propranolol decreased blood pressure and heart rate in a dose-dependent manner. When the rats were pretreated with 2 mg/kg naloxone i.p., the effect of propranolol on the blood pressure was nearly completely abolished, while that on the heart rate was only partially blocked. Chronic administration of dl propranolol (30 mg/kg b.i.d.) to spontaneously hypertensive rats from the age of 6 weeks (prehypertensive phase) for 29 days prevented the development of hypertension while the rats treated with physiological saline for 29 days (control group) developed hypertension. Naloxone (2 mg/kg i.p.) administered on the 29th day to chronically treated rats induced a reversal of the propranolol action on systolic blood pressure and heart rate, i.e., blood pressure and heart rate increased. Naloxone had no such effect in the control group. We suggest that the release of an endogenous opioid contributes to the acute and chronic antihypertensive action of i.p. propranolol in spontaneously hypertensive rats and that the secretion of endogenous opioids participating in the control of cardiovascular functions is influenced by adrenergic mechanisms. PMID- 6670567 TI - Glucose and orthophosphate incorporation and lactate release in the perfused hind limb of the rat during lactic acidemia. AB - A perfused preparation of the hind limb of normal and diabetic rats was used to study the effects of lactic acidosis, alone or associated with hypoinsulinemic diabetes, on the incorporation of glucose and inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) into the skeletal muscle. A well oxygenated perfusate was recirculated for ninety minutes during which the lactic acid accumulated into the medium with the ensuing pH drop. The perfusions were practiced in the hind limb of alloxanized diabetic rats, in the hind limb of diabetic rats with perfusate containing 200 microU of insulin/ml, in the hind limb of 24 hour fasted rats, and on the hind limb of fed rats, and they were compared to similar groups with normalized pH perfusate with a sodium bicarbonate infusion. In the diabetic perfusions with lactic acidemia, it was observed that the addition of insulin increased the uptake of Pi and of glucose, and reduced the release of Pi by the muscular tissues. A smaller release of Pi by the preparations obtained from fed rats was observed when compared to the hind limb preparations of fasted rats. The diabetic preparations showed an increased glucose uptake when the pH was normalized, and a decrease of Pi released by the muscles, even in the absence of insulin, and at the same time, the administration of insulin associated with the normalization of pH increased the uptake of Pi and of glucose, and decreased the Pi released by the muscles. In all the groups, the administration of sodium bicarbonate significantly increased the lactate release into the medium. It was also found that the lactic acidosis reduced the uptake of Pi by the preparations inducing hyperphosphatemia. According to these results, muscular tissue plays a role in the hypophosphatemia that has been reported in the insulin treated diabetic ketoacidosis by increasing the incorporation of Pi and reducing its release by the same tissue. PMID- 6670568 TI - Preliminary study on the effect of temperature on the transport of thyroxine (T4) into the body tissues and sub-cellular fractions of liver and muscle of carp, Cyprinus carpio. AB - In order to determine if the inability of thyroxine to induce cellular effects at low temperature is mediated through a temperature-sensitive system for the translocation of T4 into the nucleus, the effect of temperature on the uptake of T4 by body tissues and sub-cellular fractions of carp liver and muscle was studied in vivo. A single injection of 125I-T4 (1 micro C/10 g body weight) was given intraperitoneally to juvenile carp maintained at 15 and 25 C. Uptake from the peritoneal cavity was rapid. All the tissues exhibited maximum radioactivity at 2 hour after the injection. Fish kept at 25 C showed another peak at 8 hour and those at 15 C at 48 hour after the single injection. Transfer of T4 from the cytoplasm to nuclei was not blocked at lower temperatures. For example, in liver at 8 hour, nuclei from fish tissues kept at lower or higher temperatures had equal amounts of radioactivity. Muscle nuclei had 15% more radioactivity than liver nuclei when expressed as radioactivity/g tissue. Since there are comparable amounts of activity in the nuclei at both temperatures, some other mechanism/s than a simple block in transport from cytoplasm to nuclei is operating. There are some indications that nutritional status of fish may be playing some role in this respect. PMID- 6670570 TI - Equalization of the coherence of rhythms in the EEG and its significance. AB - The article treats problems related to the application of coherent analysis in studying the spatial synchronization of rhythms in the EEG. The significance of comparing the changes in the coherent functions (CF) of more combinations of cerebral structures, i.e. of intercoherent relations, is pointed out. Evidence is given that the observed equalization of the coherence according to different frequency ranges has a definite physiological significance, connected with the readjustment of the functional state of the nervous system on the basis of changes in the organization of the spatial rhythmic interrelations in it. Tests are made of several parameters for quantitative estimation of the changes in the intercoherent relations, which may be applicable to studying the organization of rhythms in the bioelectrical activity of the nervous system in different functional states in norm and pathology. PMID- 6670569 TI - Ipsilateral thyroid growth and depressed thyroid hormone synthesis and content after unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy in rats. AB - The role of the sympathetic nervous system in the control of the goitrogenic response was examined in adult male rats subjected to unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy 12-30 days earlier. A spontaneous goiter as well as an increased thyroid growth after the administration of the goitrogenic agents methylmercaptoimidazole and thyrotropic stimulating hormone (TSH) were found in the ipsilateral lobe. Norepinephrine and epinephrine content decreased significantly by 80 and 31%, and thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) content by 24 and 15%, in the ipsilateral lobe. After the injection of a tracer dose of 125I, percent radioactivity incorporation to diiodotyrosine (DIT) was higher, and that to monoiodotyrosine (MIT) lower, in the ipsilateral lobe; additionally a lower ratio "labeled T3 + T4/labeled DIT" was found in the denervated thyroid lobe. These results suggest that the sympathetic nerve terminals in the thyroid gland modulate the organ's response to circulating TSH. PMID- 6670571 TI - Estimating the orientation of dot patterns presented tachistoscopically. AB - Human ability for determining the orientation of dot patterns was studied under tachistoscopic presentation. Random dot configurations with a great difference between the line determined by the most distant dots in the configuration and the line for which the sum of the squared distances between each dot of the configuration and this line is minimal were used. These lines determine the "extension" and the "elongation" of the patterns (Yakimoff, 1981). The results have shown that the elongation of a dot pattern is the essential characteristic determining its perceived orientation. PMID- 6670572 TI - Estimation of brief time intervals presented in the right and left visual half fields. AB - The perception of visually presented duration is studied depending on the visual half-field in which the light stimulation has been presented. Light stimuli of the order of 200-1000 ms, of equal duration, divided by a 10 ms interval, were presented in random order, one in the left, the other in the right visual half field. The subjects' task was to determine which of the pair of stimuli seemed longer. The response "equal in duration" was not allowed. It was found that two light stimuli of equal duration, consecutively presented in the left and right visual half-fields, are perceived as different owing to their time order. This difference reveals the effect of hemispheric differences in duration perception- the second of the pair of stimuli was reported by the subjects as longer in 70% of the cases when it was presented in the left visual half-field, while the second--in the right visual half-field was reported as longer in 60% of the cases. PMID- 6670573 TI - Effect of constant light and darkness on the circadian rhythms in rats: I. Food and water intake, urine output and electrolyte excretion. AB - The light/dark (L/D) rhythms of food and water intake, urine output and Na+, Cl- and K+ excretion were studied in male Wistar albino rats subjected either to constant light (LL) or darkness (DD). The LL regimen had a suppressive effect on the daily food and water intake, urine output and sodium excretion, combined with an elimination of L/D variations in all parameters studied. The DD regimen caused a decrease of the daily food and water intake, and sodium and chloride excretion. The L/D rhythms of water and electrolyte excretion were eliminated, while the diurnal rhythms of food and water intake were attenuated but still persisted after 16 days of DD. Our results suggest that the L/D cycle is the major external synchronizer of the circadian rhythms of water and electrolyte excretion in the rat. In the absence of L/D cyclicity, the persisting periodicity of food intake is not a potent enough synchronizer of the circadian rhythms of water and electrolyte excretion. Probably, the circadian rhythms of food and water intake from one hand, and the rhythms of renal excretion from the other hand, are regulated via different circadian mechanisms in the rat. PMID- 6670574 TI - Affect of musical preference on anxiety as determined by physiological skin responses. AB - Music affects the emotional state of the listener as well as the individual's performance on sensory and motor tasks. The present research investigated the effect of musical preference on anxiety between: music and nonmusic majors; males and females of each group; and females and males, regardless of sex, to determine the interaction effect. Results showed that there were significant differences in responses between each of the stated groups. PMID- 6670575 TI - [Theater and psychiatry]. AB - It is the look which creates theater, for the spectator as well as for the comedian. When this look does not exist anymore, the game disappears and the theater dies. In our work with patients, we have emphasized the representation, the look and the game. This is true for psychotic and neurotic patients, the working methods being however different. The director is there as guarantee of ethics of "well playing". He forces a door, but what lies behind does not concern him. To talk about his perception, his fantasies, has no room in the repetition. We think it is important that theater remains theater, respecting its own laws, and that it can only become therapeutic at this price. This work is dedicated to Claude Etienne who helped us to make our first steps in the theater. PMID- 6670576 TI - [Reflections on the concepts of anguish and anxiety]. AB - After a phenomenological analysis, the author demonstrates that anxiety is a bodily sensation (in the sense of lived body) as well as a state of consciousness that results from the activation of a fundamental mechanisms of which we always observe but a part. That mechanisms works immediately when the subject has to face a new situation that needs a mental reorganisation (separation or growth anxiety). The physiological variables do not allow to give the characteristics of the anxiety without the subject's speech. He reminds the distinction in french between anxiety and "angoisse", the distinction between anxiety-state and anxiety trait and gives the way to make the difference between normal anxiety and pathological one. Having reminded the mechanisms of defense against anxiety, he makes a clinical description of the anxious personality. PMID- 6670577 TI - [Hysterical manifestations in Black Africa. Pilot study conducted at the Neuro Psycho-Pathology Center, Kinshasa]. AB - In a retrospective study on twenty Zairese patients, presenting a hysterical personality structure, the different forms of decompensation have been described and classified according to the DSM III criteria. Even taking into account the inconstancy of hysterical manifestations and the use of criteria not adapted to the local context, some of the described syndromes seem rather atypical. Such findings should stimulate the African psychiatry to develop its own nosographical criteria. PMID- 6670578 TI - Diagnostic and demographic classification of psychiatric patients admission in Bendel state of Nigeria. A review of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) psychiatric inpatients' record of 1980. AB - The records of psychiatric inpatients treated in 1980 at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital psychiatric admission unit were reviewed. Diagnostic and demographic characteristics of these patients were extracted, analyzed and reported on. The trend in psychiatric patients admission in this part of the world is discussed. PMID- 6670579 TI - [Tele-accueil: advantages and inadequacies of the tool. Viewpoint of the neuropsychiatrist]. AB - The Royal law of july 20, 1973, clarified the mode of function of Tele-Accueil centers. They are at the border of neuropsychiatry. It looks like the psychiatrist is little concerned by this psychological help by telephone. Non paid listeners trained according to the Royal by law collect crisis telephone calls and try at most to face them. The reason for calling is for more than one third in socio-psychiatric problems. It should be welcome in the future, as wished by the Belgian State, that the psychiatric society gets concerned in the form of paramedical activity. PMID- 6670580 TI - Pilot study of a specific serotonergic antagonist, pirenperone, in the treatment of anxiety disorders. AB - Pirenperone (R 47465) is the prototype of a new class of psychotropic drugs, selective serotonin 5-HT2 receptor blocking agents. In an open pilot study, the anxiolytic properties of pirenperone were evaluated in a sample of five anxious inpatients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria for current Generalized Anxiety Disorder and who had a score of at least 25 on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS). Three dosage levels were tested: 15, 30 and 60 mg/a day in 3 divided doses. Each dosage period lasted at least 5 days, at the end of which patients were reassessed by HAS, Clinical Global Impression and a side-effects checklist. Results suggested a modest anxiolytic activity, without a clear dose-response relationship and with good tolerance. Subsequent treatment by lorazepam (7.5 mg/d) seemed to result in more specific improvement. PMID- 6670582 TI - Value of computed tomography in traumatic pancreatitis in children. AB - Only a few previous reports have stressed the value of computed tomography (CT) in traumatic pancreatitis in children. Three children with blunt upper abdominal trauma are presented, two of them had operatively confirmed pancreatic injury while in the third the clinical course confirmed the early exclusion of such injury at CT examination. A meteoristic abdomen, as is frequently present in acutely injured children, limited the early usefulness of ultrasound (US) in one of the patients. In all 3 patients, CT examination yielded important information. US proved easy to perform and reliable in the follow-up of complications such as pseudocysts. PMID- 6670581 TI - Treatment of depressive anxiety states associated with psychosomatic symptoms. A double-blind multicentre clinical study: mianserin versus melitracen-flupentixol. AB - A four-week randomized multicentre study comparing mianserin and melitracen flupentixol was conducted in 90 outpatients suffering from depressive anxiety states with a predominantly psychosomatic symptomatology. Both patient groups showed a favourable clinical response to treatment as well as a good tolerance. No significant differences were observed in the drop-out rates or in the incidence of side-effects, although drowsiness tended to develop more frequently during the first days of mianserin treatment. The improvement scores of the groups showed that mianserin has significant advantages when depressed mood, sleep disturbances and autonomic disregulations predominate the depressive anxiety state. PMID- 6670583 TI - Pulmonary haematoma caused by oral anticoagulant therapy. Report of a case. AB - During a poorly controlled warfarin treatment, a 51-year-old man developed bleeding in various organs. He presented a pulmonary haematoma with the radiologic appearance of a pulmonary nodule. In the literature we found only one report of a pulmonary haematoma with a similar presentation caused by anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 6670584 TI - Serial pulmonary angiography in rats with pulmonary damage due to intravascular coagulation. AB - Serial pulmonary angiography was performed in 30 rats with pulmonary damage caused by injection of a fibrinolysis inhibitor, tranexamic acid (200 mg/kg body weight injected intraperitoneally) and bovine thrombin (500 NIH/kg body weight injected into the right atrium or ventricle). The degree of inhomogeneity of the capillary phase was graded and compared with that in a group of normal rats. Changes in the capillary phase were well correlated to other signs of lung trauma, namely increase in lung weight and microscopic occurrence of interstitial and alveolar oedema and of intravascular fibrin deposits. Increased lung weight similarly was found to be well correlated to increased interstitial oedema. It had also a distinct relationship to increased inhomogeneity of the capillary phase. The disturbance of the capillary phase may have been caused by mechanical blockage due to intravascular coagulation with microembolism, and interstitial oedema, vasospasm of precapillary arteries, or by arteriovenous shunting. Inhomogeneity of the capillary phase is consistent with a gross change in the ventilation/perfusion ratio, which could explain arterial hypoxaemia observed in other investigations. PMID- 6670586 TI - Complications of intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants. Ultrasound follow up two to fifteen months after birth. AB - One hundred prematurely born infants were evaluated 2 to 15 months after birth with real-time ultrasound. Seventy of these had intracranial bleeding as demonstrated by ultrasound examination during the first days of life. Nine of 13 (69%) infants with single or multiple sites of hemorrhage but without intraventricular hemorrhage had normal ultrasound at the late follow-up, 3/13 (23%) had mild and only one (8%) severe ventricular dilatation. Fifteen of 57 (26%) infants with intraventricular hemorrhage had normal ventricles at follow-up ultrasound, 26/57 (46%) mild and 16/57 (28%) moderate or severe ventriculomegaly. Only 2 infants were shunted. Porencephalic cysts developed in 5 infants. The size of ventricles may either progress or regress after the early posthemorrhagic period. Real-time ultrasound is the modality of choice not only for the diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants but also for late follow-up examinations as long as the size of the fontanelle permits the performance of the examination. PMID- 6670585 TI - Size of the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. AB - Internal carotid angiography was performed in 38 patients with trigeminal neuralgia. The diameters of the middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries were measured and compared with the expected normal values obtained from a previously published study of a reference group of patients. The internal carotid artery was narrower than expected in the region close to the Gasserian ganglion and wider proximal and distal to this region. The differences were statistically significant. In 45 per cent of the patients, tortuosity and kinking of the internal carotid artery was found, indicating ectasia. Thus, in spite of signs of ectasia of the internal carotid artery, a significant reduction of the vessel size was seen close to the Gasserian ganglion, suggesting an etiologic relationship between the vascular changes and trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 6670587 TI - Barytoma of the rectum. AB - Two cases of barytoma of the rectum in a 33-year-old female and an 81-year-old male are presented. The cases were detected 4 1/2 and 3 months, respectively, after a barium enema. The morphologic, histochemical and radiologic findings are described. The pathogenesis and the differential diagnosis are then discussed in the light of the literature. PMID- 6670588 TI - Increased content of saliva cortisol following infusion of ioglycamate. AB - The release of steroid hormones from protein bound stores by ioglycamide has previously been confirmed by clinical and experimental findings. Increased saliva cortisol levels were observed following intravenous infusion of ioglycamate. Saliva cortisol content was measured before and after ioglycamide infusion in routine clinical examinations. The saliva steroid level has been shown to concur well with the serum level of free steroids. Thus, the increase of cortisol in saliva would indicate the release of cortisol from serum proteins by ioglycamate. PMID- 6670589 TI - Pulmonary edema induced by contrast medium. A comparative investigation in the rat following high intravenous doses of one ionic (diatrizoate) and non-ionic (metrizamide) contrast medium. AB - Monomeric ionic contrast media are known to induce a significant degree of pulmonary edema following intravenous injection of high doses of contrast media in rats. This edema has been shown to be dependent on dose and rate of injection. Metrizamide administered at the same dose causes much less and more transient pulmonary edema than diatrizoate. Although blood osmolalities were significantly and consistently lower following administration of metrizamide compared with diatrizoate, this difference alone does not account for the difference in the degree of pulmonary edema induced by these media. PMID- 6670590 TI - Functional lumbar myelography with iohexol. AB - The results of 25 functional lumbar myelographies with iohexol are reported. The image quality was good or excellent in all. The side effects were mostly mild and showed the same frequency as reported in lumbar and thoracic myelographies with metrizamide. A slight increase in the frequency of side effects was found in 13 patients with spinal repuncture 6 or 24 hours after the myelography. Vacuolized monocytes in ultracentrifuged CSF following repuncture was found in 5 patients. No EEG changes or serious complications were found. Iohexol is considered safe in intrathecal use. PMID- 6670591 TI - First clinical trial with iohexol in myelography. AB - This is a report of the first clinical trial with iohexol in lumbar myelography. The investigation was carried out as an open, non-comparative study in 30 patients and was part of a multicentre trial. Iohexol doses of 10 to 15 ml (180 mg I/ml) were used and clinical and laboratory tests were performed before and during 48 h after myelography. Spinal repuncture 6 or 24 h after myelography was done in all patients. Only minor side effects of temporary duration were recorded in 8 patients. No seizures or spikes on EEG were seen. There was no significant increase in CSF parameters such as white cell counts, protein or IgG. PMID- 6670592 TI - Experience with iohexol in lumbar myelography. AB - An open phase II clinical trial of iohexol for lumbar myelography in 17 patients is reported. The overall frequency of adverse reactions was exceedingly low. Special attention was paid to psychic reactions and no such were recorded. The CSF analyses and EEG recordings before and after myelography did not differ significantly. The CSF protein content could not be evaluated as the contrast medium interfered with the reagents. PMID- 6670593 TI - Developmental deficiencies of the upper facial skeleton due to partial elimination of mesencephalic neural crest cells in the chick embryo. AB - With the aim to test the hypothesis that cells derived from the mesencephalic portion of the neural crest, are involved in the process of differentiation of various upper facial bones, in 41 chick embryos of the 6-somite stage (approx. 26 hours of incubation) the anterior and middle thirds of this part of the neural crest were partially eliminated by micro-laser irradiation, either unilaterally or bilaterally. Of the 14 embryos sacrificed at the age of 12 days, a number of 6 proved to have developed harelip and/or cleft palate conditions. In these embryos, in addition a reduction or absence of the maxillary, palatal, jugale and quadrato-jugale was observed. On the contrary, other facial bones as well as the first and second branchial arch cartilages proved to have developed normally. From these results the conclusion may be drawn that (a sufficient number of) cells from the anterior and middle thirds of the mesencephalic neural crest are indispensable for a normal differentiation of the maxillary, palatal, jugale and quadrato-jugale. PMID- 6670594 TI - Development of myocardial vascularisation in the rat. AB - In rat, the development of the vascularisation of the myocardium starts in an embryo of 13 days, as a primarily solitary vascular plexus situated in the subepicardial mesenchyme. This plexus spreads out between the cells of the marginal layer of the myocardium of the ventricles. Thereafter it comes into contact with the intertrabecular spaces and with some endothelial offshoots of the left sinus horn. At day 15, just before the entire septation of the left and right arterial parts of the heart, this plexus contacts offshoots of the aorta. The myocardial trabeculae continue to grow longer from an enlarging base. In conjunction with this occurrence, there is a shift into the direction of the cells, resulting in a three-layered myocardium; from insided outwards a radial (trabecular) layer, a radio-tangential layer and a marginal layer can be found. A narrowing down of the intertrabecular spaces is another consequence of the enlarging base. The spaces deflect parallel to the radio-tangential layer. Thus a second plexus, deeply embedded in the myocardium, comes into existence. At day 19 a histological differentiation of the wall of the interconnected subepicardial myocardial plexus to either arteries or veins will start. In all stages, the vascular system runs parallel to the myocardial structures of the ventricles of the heart. PMID- 6670595 TI - The neuronal cell types in the arcuate nucleus in normal and monosodium glutamate treated rats: a Golgi study. AB - Two histochemical different populations of neurons migrate from the median eminence (ME) into the arcuate nucleus (ARC) at puberty in rats. Therefore the cellular composition of the ARC was studied in normal and monosodium glutamate (MSG) treated female rats at 22, 35, 55 days after birth and in mature ones. Golgi-Cox and mainly Rio-Hortega techniques with Nissl counterstaining were applied. In the mature arcuate nucleus several types of Golgi impregnated cells can be discerned. Neonatal MSG-treatment exclusively destructs the arcuate dopaminergic cells. From the Golgi-preparations it appears that in these animals one type is indeed damaged in or at the ARC. PMID- 6670596 TI - Generalized epilepsy evoked by freeze lesions in the mesencephalon of the cat. AB - Epilepsy was induced by making freeze lesions bilaterally in the mesencephalic reticular formation of cats. The convulsive activity was an equivalent of the generalized status epilepticus, devaloping 15-20 min after the freeze lesions had been made. The animals died in this state 16-20 h after it had developed. The generalized seizure activity may have spread to rostra1 structures from the lesioned mesencephalic reticular formation generalizing instantenously, or have been triggered and maintained by a local irritative zone, surrounding the necrotized tissue caused by freezing. The cooling of the same cryoprobes, by which the freeze lesions had been made, had no effect on the status epilepticus, probably because only the necrotized tissue was cooled. The cooling of the inferior thalamic peduncles changed the pattern of epileptic discharges, indicating that thalamocortical structures played a role in sustaining it. PMID- 6670597 TI - Relationship between some behavioral and electroencephalographic changes induced by intrahypothalamic injections of carbachol in the cat. AB - The relationship between changes in the hippocampal EEG, oculomotor activity and vocalization (growling), produced by intrahypothalamic injections of 10 mikrog of carbachol (CCh), was investigated in cats. The injections of CCh resulted in a continuous hippocampal rhythmic slow activity (RSA) of initially increasing and then decreasing frequency. These changes in RSA frequency were positively correlated with changes in oculomotor activity, but not with those in the intensity of the vocal response - growling. A pretreatment of the hypothalamus with atropine sulphate (At), but not with hexamethonim (Hx), before the injection of CCh, eliminated the vocal response. Neither the intrahypothalamically given At, nor Rx prevented the appearance of the continuous RSA and the increased oculomotor activity. However, the electroencephalographic and behavioral effects of CCh did not appear after the pretreatment of the hypothalamus with a mixture of At + Hx, or after an intraperitoneal injection of At in a dose of 2.0 mg/kg. The data suggest that (i) the vocal response is a product of an activation of muscarinic, cholinergic receptors in the hypothalamus, (ii) the continuous RSA and the increased oculomotor activity are due to a joint activition of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic systems, and (iii) there must be a common muscarinic link mediating the CCh induced changes in the hippocampal EEG. PMID- 6670598 TI - The influence exerted by Nembutal on reactivity of the superior colliculus neurons. AB - Effects of a Nembutal upon responses of the superior colliculus neurons were analyzed in pretrigeminal cats. Most cells were studied during the spindly barbiturate pattern in the EEG. In this condition collicular neurons lose their spontaneous activity, become sluggish in their reactivity to stimuli moving at high velocity, and less sensitive to direction of movement. After a further increase in the anesthesia down to the isoelectric EEG pattern the responses of neurons were gradually depressed and finally neurons became non-driveable by visual stimulation. A possible mechanism responsible for the reduction of the cells excitability is discussed. PMID- 6670600 TI - A case of "centronuclear myopathy" with late clinical onset. Clinical electrophysiological, histochemical study. PMID- 6670599 TI - "Primary reading epilepsy". Clinical and EEG study of a case and characteristics of the effective stimulus. PMID- 6670601 TI - Intracranial hemorrhages in children with hemophilia: medical and surgical treatment. PMID- 6670603 TI - A complex case of hysterical blepharospasm. PMID- 6670602 TI - Noradrenaline levels in cerebrospinal fluid of drug-free and pimozide-treated schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6670605 TI - Meningioma presenting as recurrent transient cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6670604 TI - Benign intracranial hypertension and Guillain-Barre syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus. A case report. PMID- 6670606 TI - [The spirit and the vital sentiments]. PMID- 6670607 TI - [Evaluation of the mental health and neuroticism in a group of persons with the toxic oil syndrome]. PMID- 6670609 TI - [Stress factors and life events in psychiatry]. PMID- 6670608 TI - [The Gray-Wheelwright test for determining Jungian typology and its application to groups]. PMID- 6670610 TI - [Oblique factor analysis of the 16PF questionnaire]. PMID- 6670611 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of superficial tumors of bladder with the binomial endoscopic surgery and local chemotherapy (adriamycin)]. PMID- 6670612 TI - [Humoral and cellular immunity in prostatic adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 6670613 TI - [Cancer of the penis: our experience]. PMID- 6670614 TI - [Treatment of germ cell tumors of the testis: review and results]. PMID- 6670616 TI - [Renal oncocytoma]. PMID- 6670615 TI - [Diagnostic considerations in tumors of the upper urinary urothelium: current aspects and contribution of our experience]. PMID- 6670617 TI - [Ureteral fibroepithelial polyp in an aged patient]. PMID- 6670618 TI - [Ureteral metastasis of carcinoma of the breast]. PMID- 6670619 TI - [Malignant melanoma of the penis: report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6670621 TI - [Embolization: alternative to the surgical treatment of varicocele]. PMID- 6670620 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma of the glands: report of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6670622 TI - [Schwannoma of the spermatic cord. Report of a case]. PMID- 6670624 TI - [Sine and square modulated checkerboard pattern reversal VEPs in anisometropic amblyopia]. PMID- 6670623 TI - Pharmacological, electrophysiological, and neurochemical actions of the convulsant benzodiazepine Ro 5-4864 (4'-chlordiazepam). PMID- 6670625 TI - [Immunologic studies of herpes simplex keratitis. Characterization of immune spleen cells in herpes simplex keratitis in mice]. PMID- 6670627 TI - [Surgical treatment of high astigmatism: wedge resection of the limbus in rabbit's eye]. PMID- 6670626 TI - [Spectral sensitivity of early receptor potentials in man]. PMID- 6670628 TI - [Saccadic reaction time. III. SRT in cases with occipital lobe diseases]. PMID- 6670629 TI - [Experimental studies on talc retinopathy. (3) Choroidal vascular changes and retinal lesions]. PMID- 6670630 TI - [Topographic studies of visual evoked potentials. 2. Comparison of flash and pattern reversal stimulation]. PMID- 6670631 TI - [Freeze-fracture studies of the choriocapillary endothelium. 1. Three dimensional visualization of the fenestral diaphragm]. PMID- 6670632 TI - [Ultrasonic measurement of the thickness of living ocular walls. 1. Computer analysis of RF signals]. PMID- 6670633 TI - [Synthesis of prostaglandins in uveitis]. PMID- 6670634 TI - [Lysosomal enzyme activities in bovine corneal endothelium]. PMID- 6670635 TI - [Non-enzymatic glycosylation of lens proteins. Comparison of senile cataract and diabetic cataract]. PMID- 6670636 TI - [Phagocytic activity of cultured human retinal pigment epithelium]. PMID- 6670638 TI - [Development of eye-head coordination in children]. PMID- 6670637 TI - [Behcet's disease and streptococcal infection. Measurement of Streptococcus derivative antigen]. PMID- 6670640 TI - [Intraocular pressure changes during Kelman's phacoemulsification]. PMID- 6670639 TI - [Neural activities of the central grey matter in saccadic eye movements]. PMID- 6670641 TI - [Resumed circulation in the choroidal capillaries following the obstruction]. PMID- 6670642 TI - [Observation of retinal correspondence by infrared fundus haploscope. (11) Alternation of fixation and binocular visual function]. PMID- 6670643 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic study of the adventitial aspects of microvessels in the rabbit ciliary body]. PMID- 6670644 TI - [Studies of human tear proteins. Analysis of tears in eye diseases and detection of secretory sites]. PMID- 6670645 TI - [Ultrastructure of abnormal permeability in retinal vessels. Endothelial fenestrations and atheromatous degeneration]. PMID- 6670646 TI - [Degradation of lens crystallins by benzoyl-arginine-naphthylamide cleavage activity in the bovine iris and ciliary body]. PMID- 6670647 TI - [Experimental white spot induced by ischemic choroidal vessels in pigmented rabbit]. PMID- 6670648 TI - [Neural mechanism of pupillary light reflex and near reflex]. PMID- 6670649 TI - [Effects of anterior segment inflammation on the corneal endothelium. Morphometric study with panoramic photography and cell shape analysis]. PMID- 6670650 TI - [Detection of IgM antibodies in immunized rabbits and toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis]. PMID- 6670651 TI - [Surface marker studies on the peripheral blood lymphocytes of Vogt-Koyanagi Harada's disease]. PMID- 6670652 TI - [Water distribution in normal crystalline lens: electron microscopic observation]. PMID- 6670653 TI - [Experimental study on retinal tears. 5. Glial proliferation following nerve fiber degeneration]. PMID- 6670654 TI - [Immune complexes in experimental autoimmune uveo-retinitis]. PMID- 6670655 TI - [Experimental study of changes in refraction following retinal detachment surgery. 3. Changes in axial length and refractive power following encircling operation in aphakic eyes]. PMID- 6670656 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the retina in retinoblastoma. Structural changes around the optic disc]. PMID- 6670657 TI - [Phagocytosis of iris fibroblasts: electron microscopic study]. PMID- 6670658 TI - [Phagocytosis of subcultured retinal pigment epithelial cells]. PMID- 6670659 TI - Mathematical approach to some methodological difficulties in settling newborn IgE reference levels (study in a Portuguese population). AB - The authors used statistical procedures to attempt to solve the usual methodological difficulties inherent in the determination of neonatal IgE reference values. The problem of un detectable values was overcome by theoretical estimation of their distribution, through the regression of the probits of the cummulative frequencies of the determinations on the natural logarithms of the known concentrations. Thus, the geometrical mean and 95% confidence limits were established, and population selection was replaced by exclusion of aberrant observations in successive steps, with recalculation of reference values. The final geometrical mean obtained was 0.21 I.U./ml with 95% confidence limits of 0.03 and 1.54 I.U./ml. These results have been compared with the work presented by other authors, observed differences probably reflecting distinct methodologies. PMID- 6670660 TI - Complement in allergen-induced bronchospasm in house-dust RAST negative asthmatic patients. AB - We studied a group of asthmatic patients with aspirin intolerance who were RAST negative for house-dust and Dermatophagoides-pteronyssinus despite having positive skin tests and positive inhalation tests to these allergens. Total haemolytic activity (CH50), C3, C4 and C3PA were measured after allergen-induced bronchospasm in these patients and also in a group of RAST-positive asthmatic patients taken as a control group. We did not find any change in complement level after allergen-induced bronchospasm in both groups of patients. PMID- 6670661 TI - Intrinsic polymorphonuclear chemotactic defect in a boy with chronic granulomatous disease. AB - A six year old boy is described who suffured from recurrent and protracted infections of multiple organs by various catalase positive bacteria. A severe episode of osteomyelitis involving several bones was caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. Studies of his PMNs revealed impaired metabolic as well as microbicidal functions characteristic of CGD. Chemiluminescence in response to both opsonized zymosan and sodium fluoride was markedly depressed, while control PMNs showed significant responses. Control leukocytes suspended in patient's serum likewise evoked normal chemiluminescence. Microbicidal activity against staphylococcus aureus 502A was also decreased using patient's PMNs, whereas control PMNs were able to reduce the number of colony forming bacteria by 2 logs in 120 minutes. Viable intracellular bacteria after lysis of extracellular bacteria formed 3 X 10(7) colonies from patient's PMNs and less than 2 X 10(5) colonies from the control. NBT dye reduction studies of the family members suggested an x-linked recessive mode of inheritance. The extraordinary nature of this case lies in the discovery of an associated intrinsic cellular defect of chemotaxis involving his polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Specifically, the Rebuck skin window showed predominantly mononuclear cells from 4 up to 24 hours. In addition, the patient's PMNs failed to migrate in response to cultured filtrates of E. coli as the chemoattractant. This abnormality persisted in the presence of autologous plasma or serum as well as in control plasma or serum. Control PMNs showed normal chemotaxis in the presence of the patient's plasma or serum. The extent to which the rare coexistence of these two phenomena influence the clinical disease is not known and remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6670662 TI - Private credentialing of health care personnel: an antitrust perspective. Part One. AB - This Article explores the antitrust and other implications of private credentialing and accrediting programs in the health care industry. Although such programs are usually sponsored by powerful competitor groups, they serve the procompetitive purpose of providing useful information and authoritative advice to independent decision makers. Part One examines the risk that credentialing will sometimes be unfair to competitors and deceive consumers. Its survey of common-law, antitrust, and regulatory interventions to correct such unfairness and deception seeks to determine the degree of oversight to which credentialing and similar activities have been and should be subjected. In recommending that judicial or regulatory scrutiny should be limited to discovering whether standards and practices have a rational relation to a procompetitive purpose, the Article argues that greater intrusion into credentialing schemes would be inconsistent with market theory and first amendment values and would discourage line-drawing efforts that stimulate competition and facilitate consumer choice. By emphasizing throughout that personnel certification and institutional accreditation embody ideology and opinion as well as factual information, Part One sets the stage for the argument in Part Two that antitrust law can and should be used to contest the dominance of a single ideology of health care and to facilitate the development of alternative sources of consumer information. The Article's overall thesis is that, whereas the quality of advice given to the public about health care personnel and similar matters should not be closely regulated, neither should the supply of competing information and opinion be artificially curtailed. PMID- 6670663 TI - Statutory classification of cocaine as a narcotic: an illogical anachronism. AB - Although cocaine is pharmacologically not a narcotic, federal and state drug control laws have classified it as one from 1922 through the present. In many states and under federal law, the classification is part of a statutory scheme that imposes substantially more severe penalties for offenses involving cocaine than for offenses involving other nonnarcotic drugs. This Note examines the circumstances surrounding the adoption and maintenance of the legal classification of cocaine as a narcotic. It then reviews two of the many cases that have rejected claims that the classification is unconstitutional. The Note concludes that, despite its constitutionality, the inaccurate classification is not only illogical and unnecessary to a legislative goal of strictly penalizing cocaine offenses, but is counterproductive as well. PMID- 6670664 TI - Red cell distribution width on the Coulter Model S-Plus. AB - Red cell distribution width (RDW) on the Coulter S-Plus has many limitations. Normal values (mean +/- 2 SD) were found to be sex dependent: 10.7 +/- 2.4 for males, and 9.8 +/- 1.8 for females. These ranges are broader than the normal range of 10.0 +/- 1.5 given by Coulter. When these broader ranges were applied, none of 29 patients with iron deficiency anemia showed an elevated RDW. Furthermore, a decrease in RDW with room temperature storage was observed and may contribute to erroneous results. The Coulter S-Plus RDW may not be as useful in quantitating anisocytosis as other methods of measuring the dispersion of the red cell volume histogram. PMID- 6670665 TI - Hematology problem. Hyperglycemia. PMID- 6670666 TI - Hematology problem. Sickle cell anemia. PMID- 6670667 TI - On estimating biological variation in diagnostic tests: application to the oral glucose tolerance test. AB - Biological variation (BV) in diagnostic tests can be conveniently estimated by the equation, BV = magnitude of reference limit - reference median magnitude of - 2(SD)A, where "reference limit" refers to either the 2.5th or 97.5th percentile in the reference population, magnitude of indicates absolute value, and (SD)A is the standard deviation of random analytical variation at the reference median. The value of (SD)A is calculated from the equation, (SD)A = (CV)A (reference median)/100, where (CV)A, the coefficient of variation of random analytical variation, is obtained from routine stable quality control material. The BV was calculated for plasma glucose concentration at the time points in the oral glucose tolerance test in an asymptomatic reference population and found to vary in the order: fasting less than 3 hour less than 1/2 hour less than 1 hour less than 2 hour. We present correlation coefficients between subject age and plasma glucose concentration that suggest that BV at the fasting, 1/2, 1, and 2 hour points might be reduced by subdividing reference populations according to subject age. PMID- 6670668 TI - Evaluation of an automated immunochemistry analyzer, the Auto ICS. AB - The Beckman Instruments' Automated Immunochemistry System, the Auto ICS is a fully automated version of the ICS. This evaluation examines several analytical and cost parameters for five representative assays: IgG, IgA, IgM, phenytoin, and phenobarbital. Correlation with more established methods was excellent, with the coefficients of correlation being 0.9880, 0.9948, 0.9862, 0.9812, and 0.9618 respectively. Intra- and interassay precision was on a par with other immunoassays, with CVs varying from 1.8% to 9.5%. Linearity of each assay was verified. The instrument can be cost-effective, if the simultaneous assay feature is used on batches of at least six samples. The instrument requires very little operator maintenance. PMID- 6670669 TI - Special training under simulated stat lab conditions. AB - A course has been devised to simulate a hospital stat lab environment for students in a 2-year MLT Associate Degree program. This course ensures that each student will individually perform a wide variety of laboratory procedures and report results under hospital-like circumstances. This course, which has received favorable comment from NAACLS, circumvents problems of insufficient placement situations, inadequate supervision, and limited variety of student experience in hospital sites. Course procedures, objectives, and student evaluation methods are described. PMID- 6670670 TI - Analytical methods for therapeutic drug monitoring. AB - The availability of new immunoassay and chromatographic methods has led to the revolution in therapeutic drug monitoring. The immunochemical and chromatographic methods both meet the analytical requirements of sensitivity, precision, and accuracy needed for most TDM applications. The technique chosen for any laboratory will depend upon numerous factors such as the availability of personnel and equipment, the time required to perform the assay, the speed with which the clinician needs the results, and the cost and medical benefit to the patient. It is reasonable to assume that the rapid development of new equipment and methodologies will continue to keep therapeutic drug monitoring one of the most interesting and fastest growing areas in clinical medicine. PMID- 6670671 TI - Therapeutic drug monitoring. Pharmacokinetics. PMID- 6670672 TI - The future role of the clinical laboratory in therapeutic drug monitoring. PMID- 6670673 TI - Utilization of cognitive style in the clinical laboratory sciences. AB - Cognitive style addresses the individual's unique preference for learning. Cognitive style differs from ability, achievement, performance, and productivity in that it is not measured quantitatively; it is value-free. Non one cognitive style is better than another. It is established in early childhood and remains stable. Cognitive style information has immediate use for those in an academic setting and those in any setting requiring effective communication. Cognitive style information has been widely used in medical settings, schools, hospitals, post graduate training and patient instruction. A practical model used in community colleges and in medical education is the Modified Hill Model. In that model 28 elements are assessed and the resultant "map" presents a graphic picture of learning preference. Research indicates that knowledge of cognitive style is effective in improving academic achievement and person-to-person communication. In medical technology, cognitive style can be effectively used in teaching (students, staff or patient), in work group communication, and in informing the many publics of the vital role played by medical technology. PMID- 6670674 TI - Maximizing the benefits of type and screen by continued surveillance of transfusion practice. AB - The use of type and screen (T&S) has reduced our overall crossmatch:transfusion (C:T) ratio from 2.5:1 prior to T&S to 1.9:1. Review of our progress, however, demonstrated only a partial reduction of C:T for elective cholecystectomy from 103:1 to 18:1, with only 39% T&S utilization. In addition, units crossmatched in excess of the surgical schedule for 174 high-risk patients had a C:T ratio of 18.6:1. Routine questioning of all excess orders proved unacceptable to blood bank staff and surgeons. An inflexible schedule was also deemed unacceptable. We therefore began monthly written summary reports to each surgical division listing each case in which extra crossmatching was reported and whether the units requested were transfused. These reports enabled the surgical directors to help monitor crossmatch utilization. In addition, we have reduced our C:T ratio of extra units for 405 high-risk patients to 4.0:1. T&S utilization for elective cholecystectomy has increased to 64%, and C:T has fallen to 9:1. These results demonstrate that establishing T&S can reduce the C:T ratio and patient costs; but continued attention is required to maximize the benefits of this procedure. PMID- 6670675 TI - Two cases of itching during pregnancy. PMID- 6670676 TI - Microbiology problem: pus in the left eye. PMID- 6670677 TI - [Prevention of repeated fetal death in utero with heparin therapy]. PMID- 6670678 TI - [Treatment of coagulation disorders complicating premature detachment of the placenta]. PMID- 6670679 TI - [Treatment of consumption coagulopathy with heparin]. PMID- 6670680 TI - [Thromboembolic complications during total hip replacement arthroplasty (240 cases)]. PMID- 6670681 TI - [Comparative study of acetylsalicylic acid and calcium heparinate in the prevention of venous thrombosis after transurethral resection of the prostate]. PMID- 6670682 TI - [Prevention of thromboembolism in paraplegics]. PMID- 6670683 TI - [Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Criticism of methods. Apropos of a national survey]. PMID- 6670684 TI - [Heparins and thrombosis]. PMID- 6670685 TI - [Heparinization of extracorporeal shunts]. PMID- 6670687 TI - [Current data on fibrinolytic agents used in clinical medicine]. PMID- 6670686 TI - [Thromboembolic disease and intravascular coagulation induced by heparin. 2 cases]. PMID- 6670688 TI - [Use and results of thrombolytic treatments in pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 6670689 TI - [Use and results of thrombolytic agents in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6670690 TI - [Value of the sequential treatment with defibrinating agents and plasminogenic urokinase in thromboembolic disease]. PMID- 6670691 TI - [Use of intravenous dipyridamole as the only antithrombotic agent in the hemodialysis of acute renal failure with a high risk of hemorrhage]. PMID- 6670692 TI - [Platelet antiaggregants and bleeding time lengthening: management in the preoperative period]. PMID- 6670693 TI - [Hemorrhagic syndrome from acquired platelet disorders. Role of beta-lactams]. PMID- 6670694 TI - [Hemodilution and prevention of postoperative thromboembolic disease]. PMID- 6670695 TI - [3 1/2-year evaluation of prolonged hemodilution]. PMID- 6670696 TI - [Obstetrical management of premature labor]. PMID- 6670697 TI - [Diagnostic value of plasma progesterone in nonendocrine incipient abortions in the 1st trimester]. PMID- 6670698 TI - [Our experience in using brikanil tokolytic therapy]. PMID- 6670699 TI - [Pregnancy, labor and the puerperium in women with heart valve prostheses]. PMID- 6670700 TI - [Typical characteristics of the basic heart rate of the premature fetus in relation to the gestational week during the performance of the nonstress test (NST)]. PMID- 6670701 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic value of the ESR in parturients with mastitis]. PMID- 6670702 TI - [Postmenopausal endometriosis]. PMID- 6670703 TI - [Current problems of myoma disease]. PMID- 6670704 TI - [Simultaneous appendectomy during gynecologic laparotomies]. PMID- 6670705 TI - [Effect of anesthesia during gynecologic operations on the acid-base status and blood gases]. PMID- 6670706 TI - [Total venous anesthesia with flunitrazepam and ketamine in surgical abdominal gynecology]. PMID- 6670707 TI - [Case of combined mesonephroma and bilateral megaureter in an 11-year-old girl]. PMID- 6670708 TI - Postnatal changes of cerebral blood flow velocity in normal term neonates. AB - Postnatal changes of cerebral blood flow velocity were studied in 43 healthy term neonates using a continuous waveform bidirectional Doppler flowmeter and an ultrasonograph with a pulsed Doppler unit. Pulsatility Index (PI) values of anterior cerebral artery were high within 6 hours after birth, and then decreased in the neonates born by means of both vaginal delivery and caesarean section. These postnatal changes of PI observed with the continuous waveform bidirectional Doppler flowmeter were identical with those with pulsed Doppler technique. The sequential measurement of right radial artery blood flow showed a marked decrease of diastolic flow velocity, which may be due to transient postnatal patent ductus arteriosus. Therefore, this postnatal transient patent ductus arteriosus may be one of the pathogenetic factors for high PI values shortly after birth. PMID- 6670709 TI - Cerebral blood flow velocities in postasphyxial term neonates. AB - Blood flow velocities of the anterior cerebral artery and right radial artery were studied in 15 postasphyxial term neonates using a continuous waveform bidirectional Doppler Pulsatility index (PI) values of most mild asphyxic infants were within the normal range. However, the infants with anoxic encephalopathy showed high or low PI values. The minimal flow velocities of the right radial artery (RRA) showed markedly retrograde flow velocity shortly after birth in comparison with those of the controls. The high PI values may be mainly due to a marked decrease of diastolic flow velocity representing retrograde flow in RRA. The low PI values indicated the poor prognosis in the postasphyxial infants. In low PI cases the cerebrovascular autoregulation may be presumed to be impaired, and arterioles to be markedly dilated. PMID- 6670710 TI - Criteria for discontinuing neonatal seizure therapy: a long-term appraisal. AB - In order to evaluate the criteria for discontinuing neonatal anticonvulsant treatment, 55 newborns with seizures have been studied. Clinical and EEG serial examinations were performed: soon after the first seizure, throughout the hospital course, and during the follow-up every 3 months until a year, and every 6 months later on. Anticonvulsant treatment with phenobarbital was discontinued (at 4 days-19 months; mean 104 days) on the basis of the following variables: type and number of seizures, time taken for their control, type and persistence of EEG abnormalities, initial neurological features, and seizure etiology. At the follow-up (12 months-8 years; mean 36 months) only 4 children had relapsed, 3 of them with a single short seizure without EEG abnormalities. The results obtained by means of the correlation between the length of anticonvulsant treatment and the clinical and EEG variables provide evidence of the value of the criteria employed. Of these, the duration of persistence of EEG abnormalities was the most important for planning the maintenance of anticonvulsant treatment and its discontinuation. PMID- 6670712 TI - Computed tomography in postinfluenzal encephalitis. AB - A 2-year-old girl developed encephalitis following influenza A virus infection. Brain computed tomography (CT) showed symmetrical hypodense areas in the putamina. Contrast enhancement was noted surrounding the hypodense areas 2 days after the onset of encephalitis. These localized lesions demonstrated on CT have not been reported in the literature of postinfluenzal encephalitis. PMID- 6670711 TI - Hyperargininemia: clinical course and treatment with sodium benzoate and phenylacetic acid. AB - In a patient with hyperargininemia, oral administration of sodium benzoate or phenylacetic acid together with an essential amino acid mixture was used to prevent hyperammonemia and to decrease plasma and CSF concentrations of arginine. Sodium benzoate reduced the plasma ammonia levels, which was confirmed by the increase of urinary excretion of hippuric acid. Phenylacetic acid also controlled hyperammonemia, and EEG findings also improved. By these treatments, plasma and CSF concentrations of arginine showed a slight decrease, but were far above the normal range. There was no clinical improvement, and spasticity of the lower and upper extremities was progressive with mental deterioration. PMID- 6670714 TI - Quick gas chromatographic method for measuring the water content of brain tissue: with reference to age-related changes of rat neocortex. AB - A quick and accurate method for estimating tissue water content by gas chromatography was developed. Age-related changes in tissue water content in the neocortex of rat brain were easily determined by this method. PMID- 6670713 TI - Vertebro-basilar arterial occlusion in childhood--report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A 9-year-old boy developed ataxia, right transient hemiparesis, left transient hemichorea, dysarthria and swallowing difficulties with left velar paralysis following two transient episodes of vomiting, headache and dizziness. Angiography demonstrated an occlusion of the distal part of the basilar artery. Thirty-six previously reported cases of vertebro-basilar arterial occlusion in children were reviewed, with particular regard to possible etiologies. PMID- 6670715 TI - Overview of humanistic progress in sickle cell anemia during the past 10 years. AB - Humanistic progress in sickle cell anemia over the past 10 years is described, with a focus on individual, institutional, and societal progress. Accessibility, acceptability, and accountability are examined for humanistic progress in medical care, counseling, education, support services, and public education. Specific dimensions of humanistic progress are noted, including career development, work with schools and employers, establishment of tutorial programs, retraining of health care providers, utilization of the team concept, and increasing awareness of this disease. Constraints, such as funding patterns and the political climate, will be considered as part of the challenge for the next decade. A frame of reference is suggested for meeting the challenges ahead for further humanistic progress. PMID- 6670716 TI - Management of sickle cell disease: progress during the past 10 years. AB - Despite the lack of successful drug development during the last 10 years, significant advances have been made in the management of a number of the complications of sickle cell disease. Identification of the vascular changes in the retina has led to the use of argon or zenon laser therapy to prevent progression of these changes to retinal hemorrhage and loss of visual acuity. Aseptic necrosis of the head of the femur or humerus is now successfully managed with the insertion of a bone graft or prosthesis. Exchange transfusions are believed to have prevented recurrent cerebrovascular accidents. The use of prophylactic penicillin and pneumococcal vaccine may have reduced the incidence of sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis due to susceptible organisms in young children. While this progress can be said to have improved the quality of life of many patients, other complications of sickle cell disease remain as therapeutic dilemmas. The ability to prevent complications is hampered both by a lack of specific therapeutic measures and ignorance as to which patients are likely to develop complications. PMID- 6670717 TI - A decade of screening in the hemoglobinopathies: is a national program to prevent sickle cell anemia possible? AB - The increased attention given to sickle cell anemia for the past decade has enhanced public and professional understanding of the disease. The need to counsel a large segment of the general public has resulted in the production of a large amount of informative educational material on the subject. Despite the large amount of effort expended in population screening and counseling, very few studies of the counseling process have been done. It is still not known whether people use the knowledge gained for decisions regarding their reproduction. The development of direct antenatal diagnosis of sickle cell anemia by restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA from amniocytes now makes it possible to make the diagnosis as early as 17 weeks of gestation; use of chorionic villi as a source of DNA may advance the age of allowable diagnosis to 8 weeks. A model program being initiated in Michigan in which screening and counseling is being incorporated into the delivery of obstetrical care is described. Neutral counseling free of coercion will be given. Widespread acceptance of prenatal diagnosis may make general population and newborn sickle cell screening obsolete. Although many women seek obstetrical care too late in pregnancy to avail themselves of the procedure, its availability may have the effect of inducing them to seek care earlier in gestation, thereby improving other aspects of prenatal care. Although many women may currently reject prenatal diagnosis, in time it promises to blunt significantly the effect of sickle cell anemia on public health as well as assure that no couple at risk need have an affected child. PMID- 6670718 TI - Molecular architecture of the fibers of sickle (SS) hemoglobin. AB - Direct observations by electron microscopy and image reconstruction on the fibers of hemoglobin S responsible for sickling have revealed a complex, solid-core structure with 14 filaments that appear to be arranged in seven pairs of double filaments. Several lines of evidence indicate a close correspondence between these helical double filaments and the linear double filaments that occur in crystals of hemoglobin S. An analysis of the movements that would be required to interconvert fibers and crystals (and the consequences for the intermolecular contacts) has recently been completed. The movements have been described in terms of three rotation angles, the largest of which involves a rotation of 12 degrees between adjacent molecules in opposite strands of the double filaments. The detailed topology of the molecular contacts within the fibers has been described in terms of a series of surface maps based on polar coordinates. The coincidence of various intermolecular contact sites for the fibers with particular amino acid residues has permitted roles to be proposed for almost all sites where secondary mutations are known to perturb fiber formation. Current efforts to test the premises and conclusions of this analysis are described. Overall, these studies should pinpoint sites on the surface of hemoglobin S that are most suitable as targets for antisickling agents. PMID- 6670719 TI - Rheology of hemoglobin S gels: possible correlation with impaired microvascular circulation. AB - The sequence of pathogenic events in sickle cell disease begins with the genetic abnormality and proceeds through molecular and red cell abnormalities to clinical events of vascular obstruction, hemolysis, and crisis. The least studied event, central in the sequence, is altered viscosity and rheology of the gelled deoxyhemoglobin S. In this work, shear is shown not only to measure the formation of gels, but to alter the progress of gelation. Thus, intraerythrocytic shear may be an important factor in pathogenesis. Increasing shear decreases the delay time for gelation as measured directly and by experiments in which shear rate is altered during the delay period. After the delay time, during the growth stage, characterized by a large increase in viscosity, shearing increases the rate of viscosity increase. On the other hand, as previously shown, shearing breaks down solid-like gels. These two effects of shear, one detrimental and the other possibly beneficial, may contribute to the variations known to exist in the clinical picture of sickle cell disease. The growth stage progress curve of gelation is here shown to be exponential in shape. This suggests that fiber breakage occurs under shear and/or that new fibers nucleate on the surface of existing fibers (i.e. heterogeneous nucleation). Finally, the progress curve is shown to be composed of plastic (i.e. solid-like) as well as viscous components early in gel development. PMID- 6670720 TI - Monocyte functions in sickle cell disorders. PMID- 6670721 TI - [Idiosyncrasy to aspirin and leukotrienes]. PMID- 6670722 TI - [Determination of immunoglobulins and complement in pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 6670723 TI - [Effect of prostaglandins on immunity]. PMID- 6670724 TI - [Tumors of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6670725 TI - [Traumatic facial paralysis. Radiologic study]. PMID- 6670726 TI - [Laryngeal involvement in a case of cervical lipomatosis]. PMID- 6670727 TI - [Ceruminoma of the middle ear]. PMID- 6670728 TI - [Surgical treatment of malignant ocular protrusions using rhinologic approach]. PMID- 6670729 TI - [Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. Clinico-pathologic study of 15 cases]. PMID- 6670730 TI - [The infection factor in the production of birth defects]. PMID- 6670731 TI - [The tuberculin index and the annual risk of infection as data for studying tuberculosis epidemiology]. PMID- 6670732 TI - [Clinical studies on the effect of various drugs on cardiocirculatory behavior during the induction phase of intubation anesthesia]. AB - In a randomized study on 150 patients (ASA 1) undergoing induction of anaesthesia, the effects of Fentanyl (0.1 mg), the combination of Fentanyl (0.1 mg) and Droperidol (5 mg) (Innovar, Thalamonal) and Atropine (0.01 mg/kg b.w.) alone on cardiocirculatory parameters were studied. Induction and intubation were carried out with Thiopentone and Succinylcholine. All patients were aged between 18 and 50 years. In addition to continuous ECG recording of standard leads I-III, blood pressure measurements (Riva-Rocci), capillary blood gases and serum potassium were estimated at regular intervals. Prior to intubation Atropine caused arrhythmias in 10% and during intubation in 40%, half of which occurred repeatedly. In comparison, the control group showed arrhythmias in only 28% at intubation time. The median value of the rate pressure products rose before intubation time to levels of almost 20,000 units whereas the control group reached the same high product only during intubation. Cardiac rhythm proved most stable using Fentanyl, the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure changes were significantly lower than in those groups without an additional analgesic. With Fentanyl and Atropine the increase of all haemodynamic parameters was less pronounced than in the control group given Atropine only. Comparison of the Fentanyl groups showed only a significantly lower arterial mean pressure when Atropine was given, the other parameters were similar. Using Innovar alone, 4 cases of severe and 1 of mild rhythm disturbances appeared, while with Innovar plus Atropine only 2 cases of mild and 1 of repeated extrasystoles occurred. In the Atropine-free groups, the addition of Innovar only caused a lesser increase in the heart rate, while the remaining parameters did not differ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6670733 TI - A simple electronic capillary microviscometer. AB - Inexpensive electronic components were adapted to a miniaturized version of a falling-ball viscometer. This allowed automatic determination of relative viscosities of Newtonian fluids with 1% accuracy and employing only 10 to 30 microliters of sample or about 1 microgram of some biological materials. The electronic microviscometer was tested with bidistilled water at several temperatures, with CS2SO4 and glycerol solutions, several organic liquids, and some preparations of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid. Details of construction, circuitry, temperature control, operating procedure, and calculations are given as well as an evaluation of the instrument's performance in terms of previously established criteria. PMID- 6670734 TI - How to prevent losses of protein by adsorption to glass and plastic. AB - An improved procedure for reducing the loss of protein by adsorption to glass or plastic surfaces is reported. For working with proteins at the microgram level, the solvent is modified by adding glycerol (50% final concentration) or Triton X 100 (0.2 mM final concentration). Coating the plastic or glass surfaces with proteins such as bovine serum albumin or other materials is not as effective; adding proteins such as bovine serum albumin to the solvent is counterproductive. PMID- 6670735 TI - A modified high-performance thin-layer plate for the separation of purines and pyrimidines. AB - Several ways of using the recently developed high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) precoated plate NH2 F 254s to separate purines and pyrimidines are described. This precoated plate is coated with silica gel 60 which has been chemically modified with alkylamino groups. In view of the chemical properties of the functional groups bonded to the silica gel matrix, the HPTLC precoated plate NH2 F 254s can be considered to be a weak basic ion exchange plate. In aqueous eluants the substances are separated principally according to charge differences. The HPTLC precoated plate NH2 F 254s can, however, also be used to separate uncharged, polar compounds with organic solvents. Examples of separations and chromatograms for its use in both aqueous and organic eluants are given. PMID- 6670736 TI - Quantification without purification of blood and tissue adenosine by radioimmunoassay. AB - Highly specific anti-adenosine antibodies were produced in rabbits by the injection of N6-carboxymethyl adenosine-methylated serum albumin conjugates. They were used to develop a radioimmunoassay allowing the quantitation of adenosine in the range 0.1-10 pmol per sample. Inosine did not interfere except at 300 times higher concentrations, while AMP (ATP) did not displace the [3H]adenosine tracer even at 10(5) (10(6) ) times higher amounts. Due to the high specificity of the anti-adenosine antibodies, determination of blood and tissue adenosine levels could be performed directly from perchloric acid extracts. Values for human peripheral venous blood from various donors obtained with this procedure varied between 46 and 148 pmol/ml blood. The procedure was also applied to HeLa cultures with low and high intracellular adenosine. The reliability of the method was demonstrated by comparative analyses using HPLC purification of adenosine prior to the radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6670737 TI - Molecular weight of human high-molecular-weight kininogen light chain by equilibrium sedimentation in an air-driven ultracentrifuge. AB - High-molecular-weight kininogen, a nonenzymatic glycoprotein of the intrinsic blood coagulation system, is proteolytically cleaved by kallikrein as an early event in the activation of this system. The light chain of cleaved kininogen retains the ability to form specific noncovalent complexes with prekallikrein and factor XI, other members of this system. We have determined the molecular weight of human kininogen light chain by equilibrium sedimentation in buffers of differing density, using an air-driven benchtop ultracentrifuge. The resulting molecular weight (30,500 +/- 800 g/mol) and partial specific volume (0.660 +/- 0.008 ml/g) are consistent with the idea that a sizeable fraction of the carbohydrate of high-molecular-weight kininogen is associated with the light chain. This level of precision is relatively easy to attain. The procedures are detailed, along with expressions for error propagation, to permit ready application of the technique. PMID- 6670738 TI - Comparison of rat blood preparation methods for acetaldehyde assay. AB - A comparison is made of four previously described methods for the preparation of blood for acetaldehyde (AcH) assay in the rat. The spontaneous formation of AcH which occurs during the treatment of blood containing ethanol and the recovery of known amounts of AcH added to the blood were studied. The methods using sodium nitrite-sulfosalicylic acid or perchloric acid (PCA) in saline gave low levels of spontaneous formation (1 to 2 microM AcH for 48 mM ethanol). In the recovery studies it was seen that semicarbazide does not allow displacement of all the AcH; treatment of the blood with the reactant sodium nitrite-sulfosalycilic acid and use of the hemolysis method gave levels of recovery lower than 50%. Only treatment of the blood with perchloric acid in NaCl allowed all the AcH added to the blood to be recovered. In vivo, PCA in saline releases the AcH which was seen to remain bound in the red blood cells with the semicarbazide method. So the recommended procedure for accurate assay of blood AcH in the rat is cold deproteinization in PCA/saline before head-space gas chromatography. The levels of in vivo blood AcH (4.1 +/- 0.33 microM) obtained in the rat using this method for a blood alcohol concentration of 52 mM are lower than those previously described in the literature. PMID- 6670740 TI - Rapid preparation of a relatively stable, partially purified lipoprotein lipase from perfused rat heart. AB - Rat hearts, extensively washed with cold 0.15 M NaCl solution, were perfused with 5 ml of 0.15 M NaCl containing 16 U of heparin and 10% glycerol to release endothelium-bound lipoprotein lipase. Approximately 100 mU of enzyme activity could be released from each heart (weighing about 1.7 g). Several hearts could be sequentially perfused with the same heparin solution to enrich it in lipase activity. When compared with other equally rapid and frequently used sources of rat lipoprotein lipase (such as heart acetone powder or postheparin plasma), our enzyme preparation had a much higher specific activity suggesting that a greater purification level had been already achieved in a single step. In addition, this lipoprotein lipase preparation contained only trace amounts of lipids, was stable for an hour at 37 degrees C and retained 75% of its activity after 10 days at 4 degrees C. The described procedure is a quick way to prepare a soluble, partially purified and relatively stable lipoprotein lipase that may be useful especially for the in vitro preparation of triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein remnants. PMID- 6670739 TI - A novel technique for efficient multiple sample dialysis. AB - Conventional methods for dialyzing numerous samples are either expensive or tedious and inefficient. These disadvantages were overcome through the construction and use of a Plexiglas dialysis sample holder (DSH). Large numbers of dialysis samples having 0.5 to 2.0-ml volumes may be attached to numbered positions on the DSH. Sample identification is greatly simplified and considerable savings in time and material are achieved. Furthermore, the risk of sample spill or mixing during filling or emptying of dialysis sacks, and the risk of leaks in dialysis tubing, are minimized. PMID- 6670741 TI - Preparation and properties of calcium-dependent resins with increased selectivity for calmodulin. AB - Calmodulin from both animal and plant sources is known to bind a number of hydrophobic compounds with resultant inhibition of calmodulin function. Some of these compounds, including certain phenothiazine and naphthalene sulfonamide derivatives, have been previously shown to be useful in the chromatographic isolation of calmodulin, when covalently linked to a solid support. With the exception of fluphenazine linked to epoxide-activated Sepharose, these resins have the undesirable characteristics of requiring high salt concentrations in the elution buffer for efficient elution of calmodulin, thus decreasing the selectivity for this protein. The synthesis of nine Sepharose-ligand affinity resins is reported. Some of the ligands are newly synthesized naphthalene sulfonamide and phenothiazine derivatives. The synthetic ligands have been coupled to three types of Sepharose: epoxide-activated, CNBr-activated, and carbodiimide-activated. The properties of these resins are reported and their relative abilities to act selectively in the isolation of calmodulin are compared. 2-Trifluoromethyl-10-aminopropyl phenothiazine (TAPP), when linked to epoxide-activated Sepharose, was found to be the most useful for calmodulin isolation in terms of its combined stability, capacity, and ability to select for calmodulin. This resin was found to behave as a true affinity resin. A quantitative evaluation of its affinity behavior was consistent with the presence of two high-affinity Ca2+-dependent phenothiazine binding sites on calmodulin, in apparent agreement with previous reports which involved the use of different methods. PMID- 6670742 TI - The quantitation of G- and F-actin in cultured cells. AB - An improved method to quantitate the amounts of filamentous (F-actin) and monomeric (globular) actin (G-actin) in cultured cells was developed. Cells are lysed into a myosin-containing buffer and F-actin is removed by centrifugation. The pelleted F-actin is then depolymerized to G-actin in a 1 mM ATP-containing buffer for 1 h before measuring the levels of G-actin using the DNase I inhibition assay. Partitioning of G-actin in the supernatant (greater than 95%) and recovery of actin in both fractions (greater than 85%) were measured by adding [3H]actin to cultured cells. Actin in the separated fractions is stable for at least 72 h at 0 degree C. Asynchronous monolayer cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells contain 2.5 +/- 0.2% of the total protein as actin with 72.4 +/- 5.7% as F-actin. About 10% of this F-actin is not associated with the readily sedimented Triton-cytoskeleton. CHO cells grown in suspension contain 55.8% of the actin as F-actin; following plating about 90 min is required for these cells to flatten and for the F-actin level to reach the monolayer value of about 70%. PMID- 6670744 TI - A simple technique for the preparation and storage of sucrose gradients. AB - A method for preparing multiple sucrose gradients by quickly freezing layers of sucrose has been developed. These gradients may be stored in the freezer indefinitely, and thawed from 8 to 24 h at 4 degrees C before use. The middle region of the resulting sucrose gradients was linear. Thawing time and centrifugation had little effect on the shape of the gradient. The method is applicable for both small- and large-volume centrifuge tubes. Gradients prepared in the same batch were nearly identical. PMID- 6670743 TI - Functional heterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies obtained using different screening assays. AB - Two alternate screening methods have enabled the detection of monoclonal antibodies with different specificities toward the lysosomal enzyme alpha mannosidase of Dictyostelium discoideum. Spleen/myeloma hybrid cell cultures were screened for antibody production by separate assays: an indirect enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) based on the antibody binding to enzyme adsorbed on plastic, and a direct assay of the antibodies' ability to precipitate enzyme activity with fixed Staphylococcus aureus cells (Pansorbin). Fourteen stable antibody-producing cell lines resulted from a single fusion; these fell into three distinct classes based on their screening characteristics. A group of eight were positive in both assays, and these immunoprecipitated a 140,000 Mr precursor form of alpha-mannosidase in addition to the 58,000 and 60,000 Mr mature enzyme subunits from [35S]methionine-labeled total secreted protein preparations. Two of the antibodies were positive only in the immunoprecipitation assay; these failed to precipitate the 140,000 Mr precursor. The third class consisted of four antibodies that were positive only in the ELISA method. These exclusively recognized an altered conformation of the enzyme (precursor and mature forms) that was immobilized either on plastic or on nitrocellulose paper. In addition, only members of this class were able to bind to immobilized fragments of protease treated enzyme. The implications of these findings for the general design of monoclonal antibody screenings and for the alternative structures of this enzyme are discussed. PMID- 6670745 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of phospholipids: quantitation by phosphate analysis. AB - Quantitation of individual phospholipids separated by HPLC from tissue extracts by colorimetric analysis of phosphate was investigated. Elution of inorganic phosphate and breakthrough of lecithin were determined using radioisotopes. A substance which interfered with sample phosphate determinations was found in the column eluant, and a method to minimize its effect was developed. This method allows accurate quantitation of individual phospholipids present at a minimum of 20 nmol phosphate. PMID- 6670746 TI - Selective purification of the 20,000-Da light chains of smooth muscle myosin. AB - The 20,000-Da light chains of gizzard smooth muscle myosin have been purified to homogeneity. Actomyosin, prepared by MgATP extraction of myofibrils, was denatured in 8 M urea, 1 M guanidine HCl, and 0.05% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Myosin heavy chains were precipitated with ethanol and the light chain enriched fraction was dialyzed and subjected to chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. Fractions containing the 20,000-Da light chains were further purified by hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose. The 20,000-Da light chains eluted at low ionic strength from the phenyl-Sepharose column were judged to be greater than 95% pure by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and contained only 0.04 mol of phosphate/mol of light chain. The yield of light chains was calculated to be 219 +/- 17 mg/kg of starting gizzard smooth muscle. This method may be useful for preparation of homogeneous 20,000-Da smooth muscle myosin light chains in the quantities necessary for study of contractile systems. PMID- 6670747 TI - A method for the ligation of DNA following isolation from low melting temperature agarose. AB - A rapid, simple, and reliable method is presented for the isolation and subsequent ligation of DNA from agarose gels. The technique involves the use of low melting temperature agarose, but with the inclusion of bovine serum albumin or gelatin to the ligation reaction. PMID- 6670748 TI - Separation of both fibrous and globular proteins on the basis of molecular weight using high-performance size exclusion chromatography. AB - A high-performance size exclusion liquid chromatographic system has been used to separate proteins with different shapes solely on the basis of their molecular weights. After the effects of ionic and hydrophobic interactions with the stationary phase have been overcome, protein elution is normally governed by their effective size in solution. Conditions are described under which proteins, with isoelectric points within the normal operating pH range of the columns, are eluted independent of their Stokes' radii. Even fibrous proteins with axial ratios of 50 elute according to their known molecular weights over the range 2000 2,000,000. PMID- 6670749 TI - Determination of ronidazole in animal feeds by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6670750 TI - Simultaneous determination of fentiazac and p-hydroxyfentiazac in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. PMID- 6670751 TI - The tridimensional structure of Nissl bodies: a stereoscopic study in ventral horn cells of rat spinal cord. AB - The tridimensional structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum was examined with both high and low voltage electron microscopes in large ventral horn cells of rat spinal cord, by combining stereoscopic techniques with the use of thick sections selectively impregnated with heavy metal salts. In all neurons examined Nissl bodies appeared as well defined clusters of densely stained and profusely anastomosed plate-, ribbon-, and thread-like cisternae. Plate-like cisternae were variable in size, often showed a shallow curvature, and usually ran in short parallel arrays, separated from one another by fairly constant intervals. All gave rise at their edges to several ribbon-like extensions which occasionally decreased in width distally, turning into thin, thread-like cisternae. Characteristically, these ribbon-like structures would emerge at an angle from their plate of origin and smoothly curve away from the plane of the plate to merge with ribbons or threads arising from adjacent or more distant plates. Most plate-like cisternae were found at the periphery of Nissl bodies and tended to be oriented parallel to their surface. In contrast, the center of Nissl bodies was almost exclusively occupied by a complex network of ribbon- and thread-like cisternae. It is suggested that the basic plate/ribbon association here described in spinal motoneurons might be a constant feature of Nissl body architecture in various neuronal types, while the size, orientation, and relative proportion of plate-like cisternae may vary according to the metabolic state and/or functional specialization of the cells. PMID- 6670753 TI - The permeability of human amniotic epithelium: studies using lanthanum as a tracer. AB - To study the permeability of human amniotic epithelium to small molecular weight substances, pieces of nonplacental amnion, with attached chorion laeve and decidua, were exposed to solutions containing lanthanum salts and processed for electron microscopy. Lanthanum penetrated the intercellular spaces and often reached the basal lamina region. In addition, some lanthanum was bound to the glycocalyx of the microvilli on the apical surfaces of the cells. Little lanthanum was found deep to the basal lamina. The results suggest the intercellular pathway is of major importance in the movement of small molecules across amniotic epithelium. PMID- 6670752 TI - Ultrastructural distribution of sulfated complex carbohydrates in elastic cartilage of the young rabbit. AB - Sulfated glycosaminoglycans are an integral component of elastic cartilage. We have investigated the ultrastructural distribution of sulfated complex carbohydrates (CC) in the mature cartilage and the perichondrium of young rabbit auricles using the high iron diamine-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (HID TCH-SP) and the tannic acid-ferric chloride (TA-Fe) methods. In the mature cartilage, HID-TCH-SP stained intracellular Golgi saccules of the mature face, secretory granules, and the extracellular matrix granules, but staining was not discernible in collagen fibrils and osmiophilic elastic fibers consisting of only amorphous elastin. The HID and TA-Fe staining were similarly observed in matrix granules, whereas the elastic fibers and collagen fibrils lacked the staining. The pericellular matrix granules had a diameter of 34 +/- 5 nm (mean +/- SD; n = 30). Thiery's periodate-TCH-SP (PA-TCH-SP) method stained vicinal glycol containing CC in collagen fibrils but failed to stain matrix granules and elastic fibers. In the perichondrium, HID-TCH-SP staining of the organelles was less intense in the flattened chondrocytes when compared with those in large mature chondrocytes. The extracellular HID and HID-TCH-SP staining were observed in the matrix granules. The diameter of pericellular matrix granules (19 +/- 4 nm, mean +/- SD; n = 30) was significantly smaller when compared to those in the mature cartilage (P less than 0.001). The HID-TCH-SP staining was closely associated with collagen fibrils. However, the staining was not seen in collagen fibrils and osmiophilic elastic fibers consisting of elastin and microfibrils. The PA-TCH-SP method stained collagen fibrils and microfibrils but did not stain the amorphous elastin. Thus these studies demonstrate that sulfated CC are packaged in chondrocyte secretory granules and are released into the extracellular matrix to form matrix granules, but are not incorporated into collagen fibrils and elastic fibers. PMID- 6670754 TI - Electron microscopic study of intramembranous changes in protein-extracted peripheral nervous system myelin. AB - Sciatic nerves from young mice were incubated for 2-8 hours in 0.5% Triton X-100 in 0.5 M ammonium acetate, a solution which solubilizes the large and small basic proteins of the myelin sheath. As previously noted (Peterson and Gruener, 1978), myelin sheaths from treated nerves extensively split and unravelled along major dense lines. Small focal areas of compact myelin remained. In freeze-fracture replicas, areas of myelin with lamellar splitting contained few intramembranous particles, while membrane areas with greater than normal densities of particles were associated with the patches of compact myelin membrane. Fixation for as short a time as 15 minutes stabilized the myelin membrane enough to prevent the Triton X-100 effects, even when incubations were extended to 20 hours. Controls, both untreated and 0.5 M ammonium acetate-treated nerves, had predominantly compact myelin sheaths; their leaflets were covered with numerous intramembranous particles. The data suggest that Triton X-100 alters the compact structure of peripheral nervous system myelin. In areas where lamellae are split and separated, there is a loss of intramembranous particles. It appears that the loss of intramembranous particles is related to the removal of the basic proteins which are located in major dense line regions of compact myelin sheaths. PMID- 6670755 TI - Structural domains of the muscle-tendon junction. 1. The internal lamina and the connecting domain. AB - The force generated within skeletal muscle fibers of vertebrates is transmitted to the tendon at the muscle-tendon junction. Ultrastructural analysis of the murine muscle-tendon junction following a variety of experimental manipulations has produced evidence that the muscle-tendon junction can be described in terms of four principal domains (Trotter and Eberhard, 1983), two of which are discussed in the present report. Each domain is defined by the shape and orientation of its principal components, and by its position with respect to the plasma membrane. The internal lamina is composed of actin filaments, with a center to center spacing of approximately 12 nm, oriented mainly parallel to the principal vector of contractile force, and to the plasma membrane. These filaments are cross-linked into a structural unit, perhaps by the electron-dense structures which are associated with them. The internal lamina is morphologically connected to the external lamina (lamina densa) by a population of fine filaments oriented approximately perpendicular to the principal vector of contractile force. These filaments which constitute the connecting domain, are approximately 2-8 nm in diameter and are at least 50 nm long. They pass through three separate regions: the sarcoplasm between the internal lamina and the plasma membrane; the plasma membrane proper; and the extracellular space between the plasma membrane and the lamina densa. This third region is often referred to as the lamina lucida. These filaments are composed of at least three separate components in series, linked together by noncovalent interactions. The existence of these discrete structural domains implies that each has a different molecular composition and different mechanical properties. PMID- 6670756 TI - A quantitative ultrastructural analysis of satellite cells in denervated fast and slow muscles of the mouse. AB - Mononucleated cells located between the external lamina and sarcolemma of denervated muscle fibers within the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles of adult mice were quantified and examined ultrastructurally from 3 to 65 days after ligating and removing a section of the sciatic nerve. During the first 2 weeks postdenervation, mononucleated cells in denervated muscles were morphologically indistinguishable from satellite cells observed in control muscles. With time, however, many of these satellite-like cells appeared more active as evidenced by a decrease in their nucleocytoplasmic ratio and an increase in their mean percentage of euchromatin material. The number of satellite cells (expressed as a ratio of satellite cell nuclei to satellite cell nuclei plus myonuclei) did not increase significantly until 30 days postdenervation, at which time the mean percentage for the soleus muscle had risen from a control value of 4.1-8.5%, and for the EDL from 1.2-4.1%. Small diameter, presumably regenerating, myofibers were occasionally observed but only after 30 days denervation. The ultrastructural evidence plus comparisons of euchromatin distributions between myonuclei and satellite cell nuclei support the concept that an increase in the number of satellite-like cells during denervation is more likely due to satellite cell proliferation than to the formation of mononucleated fragments utilizing preexisting myonuclei. PMID- 6670757 TI - The sensory innervation of the ovary: a horseradish peroxidase study in the rat. AB - Injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the right or left ovary of the rat produced labeling of perikarya in both nodose ganglia and ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) from T10 to L2. The greatest concentration of labeled cells was in T13 and L1, DRGs. It is suggested that visceral afferent fibers from the ovary may mediate visceral reflexes that modulate ovarian function. PMID- 6670758 TI - Cytochemical study on the distribution of adenylate cyclase in guinea pig testis. AB - The distribution of adenylate cyclase in testis, by means of a specific substrate adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), has been determined. Membrane-associated reaction products, indicative of adenylate cyclase activity, are localized by a complete cytochemical medium (containing 10 mM NaF) at the level of the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium, on the basal surface of Sertoli cells, and on adjacent plasma membranes of Sertoli cells and spermatogonial cells. At the level of the adluminal compartment, reaction products were found on adjacent plasma membranes of Sertoli cells and early or elongated spermatids. Adenylate cyclase reaction products are detectable by a basal incubation medium (without 10 mM NaF) only in the adluminal compartment on the spermatid plasma membranes. PMID- 6670759 TI - Intercellular contacts of lymphocytes during migration across high-endothelial venules of lymph nodes. An electron microscopic study. AB - The migration of lymphocytes across the wall of high-endothelial venules was studied by electron microscopic examination of murine lymph nodes fixed with glutaraldehyde and tannic acid. Regions of close membrane apposition, referred to in the present study as "intercellular contacts," were observed between migrating lymphocytes and endothelial cells of the vessel wall. At high magnification the intercellular contacts resolve into pentalaminar structures resembling gap junctions. However, the location of these contacts suggests that they are regions of membrane adherence utilized for locomotion of the lymphocytes across the endothelium. At present, it is unclear whether these intercellular contacts are communicating junctions or sites of membrane adherence. PMID- 6670760 TI - Distribution and size of Boettcher cells in the little brown bat, rabbit, and other species. AB - The distribution and size of Boettcher cells were determined from serial sections of the temporal bones of four little brown bats and six rabbits. In addition, one harp seal and one two-toed sloth were examined. In the little brown bat, the heights of the Boettcher cells measured 4-8 micron and they were found throughout much of the length of the cochlea. There were four rows in most of the lower basal coil, five rows in the upper basal coil, and four rows in the middle coil. In the rabbit there were nine rows in the basal coil and 12 rows in the middle coil. The heights of the Boettcher cells were approximately 14 micron in the rabbit. In the two-toed sloth, Boettcher cells were sparsely distributed along the basal coil; similarly, in the harp seal, Boettcher cells were confined solely to the basal coil, where there were only three rows, which measured approximately 18 micron in height. The distribution and size of Boettcher cells in the rabbit and the little brown bat were compared to those in other mammalian species. PMID- 6670761 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections: II. A microcomputer-based facility for rapid data collection. AB - A microcomputer-based facility is described that permits the data required for three-dimensional reconstructions to be collected quickly and inexpensively from serial sections. The facility consists of a microcomputer, a digitizer tablet, a graphics terminal, a printer, a plotter, and telephone coupler. Images of serial sections are superimposed on the digitizer tablet. Contours of interest on each section are digitized and the coordinates are stored on "floppy" disks. The problems of putting successive sections in correct register and of taking into account magnification factors are discussed briefly. Use of the facility for high resolution applications is also considered. PMID- 6670762 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of late hemopericarditis following heart surgery]. PMID- 6670763 TI - [Feasibility of thermometry for the diagnosis of hemodynamic disorders in young children after heart surgery using artificial circulation]. PMID- 6670764 TI - [Changes in regional arterial blood flow and cardiohemodynamics during synchronous veno-arterial perfusion in acute cardiovascular failure]. PMID- 6670765 TI - [Combined action of factors facilitating recovery of vital functions following circulatory arrest]. PMID- 6670766 TI - [Therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygenation in the acute stage of an ischemic stroke]. PMID- 6670767 TI - [Effect of sodium thiopental and seduxen on the cerebrospinal fluid pressure of brain tumor patients during principal anesthesia with nitrous oxide]. PMID- 6670768 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the contractile function of the heart in the zone of the ischemic lesion in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6670769 TI - [Early complications after reconstructive surgery of the trachea and principles of intensive care]. PMID- 6670770 TI - [Effect of ketamine and ketamine-sombrevin anesthesia on the contractile function of the myocardium in ambulatory dental patients]. PMID- 6670771 TI - [Diacarb in the prevention of the aspiration syndrome in the intra- and postoperative period]. PMID- 6670772 TI - [Methods and technics of peridural anesthesia]. PMID- 6670773 TI - [Protracted peridural anesthesia with morphine and local anesthetics after oncologic surgery]. PMID- 6670774 TI - [Prevention of various complications of puncture catheterization of the subclavian vein]. PMID- 6670775 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia syndrome during repeated surgery]. PMID- 6670777 TI - [Infusion of 37 liters of fluid in a 24 hour period in acute poisoning]. PMID- 6670776 TI - [Case of successful treatment of a patient with an extremely severe form of gynecologic tetanus]. PMID- 6670778 TI - [Hemosorption in the intensive treatment of Lyell's disease]. PMID- 6670779 TI - [Anesthesia with a fluothane-helium-oxygen mixture]. PMID- 6670780 TI - [Effect of alpha-adrenoblocking drugs on the course of anesthesia]. PMID- 6670781 TI - Implications of structure and geometry on cardiac electrical activity. AB - Electrical activity in the heart is dependent on the structure of the cellular components and their appositional geometry. The cells of the conduction system in mammals have a structure favoring faster conduction vis a vis the common working cells of the ventricles, which is further enhanced in large mammals and, significantly, in birds by an increase in cell diameters and tight packing of the component cells into large bundles. Tight packing also generates very narrow intracellular clefts that because of accumulation and depletion phenomena may contribute significantly to the measured electrical activity. Conduction cells may exist in mammalian atria analogous to their presence in bird atria, their electrical activity being possibly influenced by their diffuse anatomical integration with the common atrial working cells. Cell and bundle connections appear to be frequent within one length constant. PMID- 6670782 TI - The generation of the cardiac action potential: after the first millisecond. AB - After an initial, transient voltage- and time-dependent burst of sodium current (equivalent to that occurring in nerve), the membrane current of cardiac muscle reverses in sign to a maximum value that is orders of magnitude smaller than that seen in nerve. The membrane of cardiac muscle, rather than exchanging an increased permeability to sodium ions (Na+) for one to potassium ions (K+), appears to become relatively impermeable to a variety of ions. It is argued that in a tissue such as cardiac muscle where the time when the cell is active is comparable to that when it is quiescent, the current generated by the active electrogenic transport/exchange of Na+, K+, and Ca2+ must be comparable to the corresponding currents generated by the passive transport of these ions. Consequently, the complex voltage and time dependency of the membrane current on the time scale of repolarization and beyond is generated, at least in part, by the complex time and voltage dependency of these transport/exchange processes. Measurement of the electrochemical properties of such transport/exchange mechanisms must ultimately be made on the individual mechanisms in isolation, e.g., in artificial membrane systems, before their contribution to the generation of the cardiac action potential can be unequivocably determined. PMID- 6670783 TI - Intercalated discs as a cause for discontinuous propagation in cardiac muscle: a theoretical simulation. AB - A theoretical model of a cardiac muscle fiber (strand) based on core conductor principles and which includes a periodic intercalated disc structure has been developed. The model allows for examination of the mechanism of electrical propagation in cardiac muscle on a microscopic cell-to-cell level. The results of the model simulations demonstrate the discontinuous nature of electrical propagation in cardiac muscle and the inability of classical continuous cable theory to adequately describe propagation phenomena in cardiac muscle. PMID- 6670784 TI - A bidomain model for anisotropic cardiac muscle. AB - Cardiac muscle is considered to consist of an intracellular domain and an extracellular or interstitial domain. Current passes from one domain to the other through the cell membrane. Electric potentials in interstitial space are shown to be associated with current sources proportional to the spatial gradient of the cellular transmembrane action potential, phi m. Hence, given the distribution of phi m throughout the myocardium, one can calculate the surface electrocardiogram and extracorporeal magnetocardiogram. The problem is considerably complicated when anisotropy is considered. If interstitial space is approximately isotropic, however, the sources are still proportional to delta phi m. It is shown that the effects of intracellular anisotropy on the surface electrocardiogram may be relatively small. The inverse problem is discussed briefly, with consideration of the relationship of the magnetocardiogram to the electrocardiogram. Finally, it is shown that if the heart can be considered to be bounded by a closed surface, then the value of phi m on this surface is uniquely related to the surface electrocardiogram to within a constant, provided there are no internal discontinuities. Such discontinuities, however, would be expected to occur in cases of ischemia and necrosis. PMID- 6670785 TI - The discontinuous nature of electrical propagation in cardiac muscle. Consideration of a quantitative model incorporating the membrane ionic properties and structural complexities. The ALZA distinguished lecture. AB - The propagation of excitation in cardiac muscle has generally been treated as though it occurred in a continuous structure. However, new evidence indicates that propagation in cardiac muscle often displays a discontinuous nature. In this paper, we consider the hypothesis that this previously unrecognized type of propagation is caused by recurrent discontinuities of effective axial resistivity which affect the membrane currents. The major implication is that the combination of discontinuities of axial resistivity at several size scales can produce most currently known cardiac conduction disturbances previously though to require spatial nonuniformities of the membrane properties. At present there is no appropriate model or simulation for propagation in anisotropic cardiac muscle. However, the recent quantitative description of the fast sodium current in voltage-clamped cardiac muscle membrane makes it possible, for the first time, to apply experimentally based quantitative membrane models to propagation in cardiac muscle. The major task now is to account for the functional role of the structural complexities of cardiac muscle. The importance of such a model is that it would establish how the membrane ionic currents and the complexities of cell and tissue structure interact to determine propagation in both normal and abnormal cardiac muscle. PMID- 6670787 TI - Acrylic bone cement: in vitro and in vivo property-structure relationship--a selective review. AB - The nature and curing characteristics of acrylic bone cement are presented to give some basic understanding of the key to improving its performance in in vivo clinical use. The use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in the (polymerization) setting and curing/aging of bone cement under in vitro and in vivo conditions is presented. The current research effort to improve the implant fixation by precoating the prosthesis with acrylic polymers is also discussed. PMID- 6670786 TI - The mechanical and stress adaptive properties of bone. AB - The properties of bone tissue as a material and bones as the structural elements of the skeleton are reviewed and summarized. The first half of this work describes bone tissue microstructure, the stress-strain relations, and the strength and fracture of bone. The second and slightly larger half concerns the adaptation of living bone tissue to its load environment. Some observations and experiments of bone remodeling due to applied stress are described and continuum models for this process are formulated. An example of bone remodeling leading to shape changes in the bone is described as well as an example of bone remodeling leading to changes in the bulk density of the bone tissue. PMID- 6670788 TI - Surface characterization of biomaterials by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. AB - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) is perhaps the most valuable single method available for characterizing the surfaces of biomaterials. The ESCA analytical method is rich in information, observes a relevant surface region, and has been shown to generate results that correlate with biological response. In this article, the analysis of actual ESCA data is illustrated by reviewing a study in which polymer-coated glass surfaces, prepared for use as tissue culture substrates, are examined by ESCA. The application of more advanced ESCA techniques such as angular-dependent analysis to this situation is also considered. Finally, published applications of ESCA to the study of polyurethanes, hydrogels, protein films, cell culture substrates, and dental materials are briefly reviewed. PMID- 6670789 TI - Model utility in the study of cardiorespiratory control. AB - This study investigates the utility of differing modeling approaches to the study of cardiorespiratory control. Models are classified in terms of intended purpose. A structural model predicts behavior based on a hypothetical physiological structure. An empirical model summarizes observed behavior. A functional model attempts to relate physiological structure to observed behavior. Models from the literature for exercising man illustrate these concepts and motivate the importance of experimental design in terms of the dynamic variation of a work rate input. PMID- 6670790 TI - Information systems approach to integrated responses in the respiratory control system. AB - The appropriateness of integrated information systems to the description of integrated biological systems is discussed. An integrated information system in the physiology of the regulation of respiration is argued to be a structural mathematical model of the system and the relational data base, which it can compute. In contrast to the customary method of applying nonspecific statistical or control system formulations to data, the model-data base combination attempts to produce insight by reproducing from a single formulation many sets of experimentally validated data. The model then may predict results for experiments not yet done. An information system (thus defined) has both explanatory power and heuristic value. PMID- 6670791 TI - The effect of filtration on the loss of abnormal cervical cells in specimen preparation for automated cytology. AB - The UCLA monolayer procedure is used to produce a preparation of cervical epithelial cells for automated cytology. We investigated the nylon mesh filtration step of the procedure to determine if it altered the proportion of abnormal epithelial cells in the specimen. The proportion of such cells was found to be significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the final specimen retained by a 10 micron nylon mesh filter than in the filtrate, which has been routinely discarded in our studies. The filtrate specimen is contaminated by large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, however, making it unusable for automated cytology at present. The implications of our findings for the cost effectiveness of classifier performance are considered, and the implications of the results for further improvements in specimen preparation are discussed. PMID- 6670792 TI - The rejection of noncellular artifacts in Papanicolaou-stained slide specimens by an automated high-resolution system. Identification of important cytometric features. AB - The important cytodiagnostic features that permit discrimination of typical cell types by high-resolution image analysis and pattern recognition techniques have been previously studied in detail. An automated system for the diagnosis of Papanicolaou-stained specimens must also deal, however, with the "real world" of extraneous noncellular artifacts and debris found on every slide. Features that are ideal for the separation of typical normal and abnormal cells may not be adequate by themselves to reject these objects. A new set of discriminatory features must be found. In order to identify those features, a large set of images acquired using the TICAS high-resolution television rapid-scanning system was analyzed and studied. These images, from a variety of slide types, included normal cells, abnormal cells and noncellular artifacts identified by low resolution preprocessing logic as suspicious enough to warrant high-resolution study. The results indicate that the more important features for such discrimination are not those traditionally important in distinguishing abnormal from normal cells but include color relations, shape measures, boundary properties and texture features. PMID- 6670793 TI - Classification of bronchial epithelial atypias by the atypia status index. AB - The atypia status index (ASI) is a categorization method of classifying digitized images of atypical bronchial epithelial cells in sputum. The ASI is defined as a linear composite of features linearly related to atypia stage. Over 200 features were examined for more than 3,000 cells that had been classified by atypia stage (squamous metaplasia, mild, moderate or severe atypia and malignant) and staining characteristic (orangeophilia and nonorangeophilia). We reduced the number of features by using a selection process to minimize redundancy. The feature weights were optimized via a least-squares procedure. The 14 features selected accounted for over 60% of the variation of atypia stage and produced ASI values that were within one atypia stage of the criterion classification for over 90% of the cells. The results are consistent with the hypothesis of a progressive pattern in bronchial epithelial atypia and indicate the feasibility of using image analysis for mass screening of premalignant atypias in sputum from subjects considered to be at high risk for lung cancer. PMID- 6670795 TI - Radionuclide transformations. Energy and intensity of emissions. Report of a Task Group of Committee 2 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection on data used in ICRP Publication 30. PMID- 6670794 TI - Statistical models for evaluation of pleural effusions. AB - Statistical models designed to aid in the identification of neoplastic effusions were formulated. A computer program utilizing n-chotomous, multivariate probit analysis was used for estimation of model parameters. These parameters were estimated for an illustrative sample of 88 patients with effusions of unknown etiology. The outstanding feature of the statistical approach is its potential as a diagnostic and research tool. Regarding its diagnostic potential, if carcino embryonic antigen (CEA) levels of plasma (PLAS-CEA) and pleural fluid (PLFL-CEA) were used separately, PLAS-CEA values greater than 4.833 ng/ml and PLFL-CEA values greater than 4.193 ng/ml discriminated malignant from benign effusions. Elevated CEA levels in conjunction with cell block examination noticeably improved diagnostic efficacy. The thresholds are consistent with CEA levels found by other investigators. Furthermore, the method employed is specific in predicting the probability that a given effusion is malignant. Regarding its research potential, the efficacy of different sets of tests in predicting malignancy can be simultaneously and comparatively evaluated. PMID- 6670796 TI - [Usefulness of carcinoembryonic antigen for the prognosis and monitoring of patients with pulmonary neoplasms]. PMID- 6670797 TI - [Biliary-digestive fistula of lithiasis origin. Considerations on 20 observations]. PMID- 6670798 TI - [Radiologic study of the hepatic segmentation using endoscopic retrograde cholangiography]. PMID- 6670799 TI - [Considerations on the efficacy of choledoco-duodenal anastomosis]. PMID- 6670800 TI - [Gigantic leiomyosarcoma of the ascending colon]. PMID- 6670801 TI - [Hormonal variations after partial resection of the thyroid. Preliminary note]. PMID- 6670802 TI - [Role of Doppler ultrasonography in abdominal surgery. Experimental results]. PMID- 6670803 TI - [Menstrual cycle in young women. Correlation of age at menarche and menstrual characteristics]. PMID- 6670804 TI - [Gynecologic surgery in the elderly]. PMID- 6670805 TI - [The Erba Hospital's obstetrical activity for the two-year period 1976-1977]. PMID- 6670806 TI - [Results of 10 years of deafness screening and diagnosis in children and its implications. Early education of the young deaf child]. AB - In ten years, we have tested more than 1 200 children of 0 to 4 years in this way: at birth, within the maternity hospital, and then at 2, 6 and 9 months-old, doubtful cases with the Veit-Bizaguet audiometer and also Mrs Borel-Maisonny's sound toys: we have thus obtained the child's hearing test. Later on, according to age, we use R.O.C.--Peep-Show, tonal audiometry, and vocal audiometry with pictures. We also resort to objective means: systematically, tympanometry and Stape Reflex, and in difficult, doubtful cases, psychomotor retardation and autistic behaviour, we make B.E.R.A. We also search for hereditary, iatrogen and meningitic deafness. Such screening methods, at an early stage, to trace down severe and profound deafness enabled a demutization and early education of deaf children who will be equipped with stereophonic hearing aids; we use only an oral method with some cued speech. The children will thus be given a good school and social integration within the world of normal people. Then the children are in possession of a more structural language, of a voice of better quality and can develop all their abilities. PMID- 6670807 TI - [Treatment of primary lesions in cancer of the mobile portion of the tongue. Experience of the Curie Institute (1959-1972)]. AB - Six hundred and two patients were treated for carcinomas of the mobile portion of the tongue between 1959 and 1972. 16% were classified T1; 48% were classified T2; 36% were classified T3. 64% had no clinical signs of lymph node spread (NO). In the majority of cases the treatment of the primary lesion consisted of radium implantation, either alone or in association with external radiotherapy. Lymph nodes were treated chiefly by surgery. The absolute and determined survival at 5 years was 36% and 48%. Determined survival for lesions classified T1, T2 and T3 was respectively 80%, 56% and 25%. 70% of recurrences occurred during the first year. 13% of the patients who developed a tumour recurrence are living at 5 years. 33% of patients undergoing secondary surgery for recurrence were living at 5 years. 2% of patients developed necroses which were treated surgically. PMID- 6670808 TI - [A protocol for the treatment of cancers of the tongue]. AB - The protocole of multidisciplinary therapy of the tongue and base of the tongue tumors in the "Hospital de la Sta. Creu i Sant Pau" is presented. The exposition of the management trends by surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, in our protocole, is followed by the review of the therapeutic indications with special enphasis in the topographic ones in order to plan the surgical treatment. The non advanced tumors will be as well treated by intersticial radiotherapy as by surgery. In the treatment of the advanced tumors the multidisciplinary managament results essential. Depending on the degree of invasion, the topography of the tumor and the outline of therapeutic trials, the therapy will be chosen. PMID- 6670809 TI - [Tumor regression following local chemotherapy in carcinomas of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. The viewpoint of the pathologist]. AB - Few pathologists have given much thought to the problem of post-chemotherapeutic tumoral regression of upper respiratory and digestive tract carcinoma. In other oncological fields (pediatry: nephroblastoma, embryonic sarcoma, osteosarcoma; gynecology: mammary tumors...) pre- and post-chemotherapy tissue studies have led to histological grading of prognostic value (particularly well known is that of Rosen et al). Numerous specimens were examined following operations for cancer, including pelvimandibulectomy, buccopharyngectomy, facial resection... Possible tumoral changes were evaluated using a conventional scale of regression based on 6 histologic degrees, and findings were of prognostic significance when compared with the initial biopsy results. This evaluation scale may require modification in the near future since recently introduced chemotherapy, particularly cisplatinum, appears to have a more potent and more specific effect on histologie features. PMID- 6670810 TI - [Surgery of the footplate of the stapes excluding otospongiosis: critical study of a series of 60 cases]. AB - Operations on the foot of the stapes, excluding for otosclerosis, were performed in 60 patients: 5 mobilizations and 55 excisions. Surgery was for aplasia in 7 cases, injury in 5 cases, tympanosclerosis with a closed membrane in 17 cases (mobilization was performed in 5 of these patients), elective excision with a healthy cavity in 16 cases, and 15 involuntary excisions including 10 with an open membrane. Stapedectomy is a serious operation when the ear is open, whether it is performed for simple chronic otitis, or cholesteatomatous or tympanosclerotic otitis, risks being independent of age. The use of an appropriate technique can provide substantial functional gain in aplasias and tympanosclerosis with a closed membrane. PMID- 6670812 TI - [Multiple myeloma manifested by plasmocytic laryngeal localization]. AB - Multiple myelomas are very rarely accompanied by extramedullary collections of plasma cells. The authors report the exceptional case of a multiple myeloma which was revealed by a sub-glottal localization of plasma cells. This case illustrates the difficulties of interpretation of histological examinations and the value of tissue immuno-fluorescence for confirmation of the diagnosis. PMID- 6670811 TI - [Injuries of the nose in the newborn and young infant]. AB - After having emphasized the frequency of the newborn's and young child's nasal fractures, the authors insist on the difficulty of: - a precise outcome of the lesions, - the complications due to nasal obstruction, - the impossibility to anticipate the evolution of these lesions, which is being precised by a brief embryological recall. The traumas are deliberately presented according to the age of the patients: 1) the newborn's fractures: - the prenatal fractures, which generally have a favorable evolution. - obstetrical traumas, with nasal obstruction and feeding difficulty, both being indications to surgery. 2) The young child's fractures: often misknown, and relatively frequent, the nasal wall's hematoma is a dreadful complication. 3) During school years: (sports, car accidents, Silverman's syndrome) Nasal fractures are here generally associated to other facial lesions. Indications to surgery: Always: If it is a recent fracture, provoquing nasal obstruction with respiratory and feeding problems. Sometimes: Septoplasty as minima in case of respiratory difficulties. Never perform true rhinoplasty and/or osteotomies. PMID- 6670813 TI - [Post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea disclosing Mondini's syndrome]. AB - A mild head injury could have played a role in the development of post myringotomy cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea in an 18-month-old child with Mondini's syndrome. This notion of trauma may prevent exploration of the site of the fistula when these labyrinthic dysplasias are poorly understood. Once suspected, full radiological examination should precede closure of the gap using an otological approach. PMID- 6670814 TI - [Synthesis and biological properties of 2-nitrobenzofurans]. PMID- 6670815 TI - [Effect of dextroamphetamine on pancreatic and biliary secretions in rats]. PMID- 6670816 TI - [Study of 2 antianoxic agents by a method of decreased barometric pressure: demonstration of a different rate of action]. PMID- 6670817 TI - [Synthesis and spectral properties of substituted guanamines suitable for chromatography of biguanides]. PMID- 6670818 TI - [Role of the indirect fibrinolytic activity of heparins and similar compounds in the prevention of thrombosis]. PMID- 6670819 TI - [Value of the detection of rotaviruses by an immunoenzymatic technic in the etiologic diagnosis of pediatric gastroenteritis]. PMID- 6670820 TI - [Quality control of irradiated plasticized polyvinyl chloride using thermal methods]. PMID- 6670821 TI - [Model for studying the cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of antiseptics]. PMID- 6670822 TI - [Effect of ethylene oxide on medicinal plants and spices: absorption and combination]. PMID- 6670823 TI - [Toxico-pharmacology of benzonitrile derivatives and their structural analogs]. PMID- 6670824 TI - [Iopamidol: physicochemistry, toxicopharmacology]. PMID- 6670825 TI - [Clinical uses of iopamidol]. PMID- 6670826 TI - [Iopamidol in urography. Comparative study in infants and children]. PMID- 6670828 TI - [Iopamidol in aortography and selective arteriography. Apropos of 20 cases]. PMID- 6670827 TI - [Use of iopamidol for angiocardiography in infants under 7 kilograms. Preliminary report apropos of 9 cases]. PMID- 6670829 TI - [Iopamidol in aortography and selective abdominal arteriography]. PMID- 6670830 TI - [Iopamidol in renal arteriography]. PMID- 6670831 TI - [Trial of iopamidol in internal and external carotid and vertebral arteriography]. PMID- 6670832 TI - [Value of a new opacifying agent in peripheral arteriography]. PMID- 6670834 TI - [A new contrast agent in arteriography of the legs]. PMID- 6670833 TI - [Iopamidol in arteriography of the lower limbs. Apropos of 20 cases]. PMID- 6670835 TI - [Iopamidol in intravenous angiography]. PMID- 6670836 TI - [Hemodynamic response to opacification of the left ventricle. Comparative study of 3 contrast media with different structures]. PMID- 6670837 TI - [Comparative effects on left ventricular function in coronary patients of various contrast media used in coronarography: iopamidol, diatrizoate, ioxaglate]. PMID- 6670838 TI - [Use of iopamidol in pulmonary angiography]. PMID- 6670839 TI - [Comparative experimental study of central nervous system tolerability of the administration of iopamidol, metrizamide, ioxitalamate, ioxaglate and iocarmate]. PMID- 6670840 TI - [Cervical myelography with iopamidol]. PMID- 6670841 TI - [1st trials of a new contrast medium, iopamidol, in the study of the spinal canal]. PMID- 6670842 TI - [Iopamidol: a complementary study in 42 patients with pathology indicating the need for myeloradiculography]. PMID- 6670843 TI - [Radioclinical study of a new contrast medium in radiculography and myelography. Apropos of 100 tests using iopamidol]. PMID- 6670844 TI - [Intravenous injection of iopamidol: computed x-ray tomographic use in the study of the brain]. PMID- 6670845 TI - [Value of iopamidol in brain computed x-ray tomography. Experimental study]. PMID- 6670846 TI - [Use of a new iodized contrast medium: iopamidol, for the performance of rapid injections in whole-body computed x-ray tomography (dynamic-scan)]. PMID- 6670847 TI - [Experimentation with iopamidol in opaque arthrography]. PMID- 6670849 TI - 13th annual meeting of the European Thyroid Association. Madrid, July 11-15th, 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6670848 TI - Neuroblastoma in 88 children. Clinical features, prognostic factors, results and late effects of therapy. AB - The purpose of the present study was to analyze the clinical pattern of neuroblastoma, the development of therapy, therapeutic results and the effect of neuroblastoma treated in childhood on the patient's later life. A retrospective series of 88 patient under 15 with primary neuroblastoma from years 1951-1978 was analyzed. The material was divided into two groups: patients admitted in 1951 1964 and those admitted in 1965-1978. Thirty three of the children (37.5%) were treated in 1951-1964 and 55 (62.5%) in 1965-1978. No statistical differences were seen between the therapeutic groups regarding age and sex distribution, site of the primary tumor and the histological and stage distribution. The mean age of all the patients on admission was 3.2 years (range 0-14.6 years). The age distribution was as follows: 24 (27.3%) 12 months, 18 (20.5%) 12-24 months and 46 (52.3%) over 24 months. There were 45 (51.1%) boys and 43 (48.9%) girls. All the histological specimens were reexamined. On the basis of histological differentiation, the series contained 67 (76.1%) neuroblastomas and 21 (23.9%) ganglioneuroblastomas. The localization of the primary tumors was the following: neck one (1.1%), mediastinum 17 (19.3%), elsewhere in the thorax 9 (10.2%), abdomen 15 (17.0%), pelvis 6 (8.8%), adrenal glands 31 (35.2%), dumbbell tumors 9 (10.2%). The stage distribution (Evans et al., 1971) was: stage I 6 (6.8%), stage II 20 (22.7%), stage III 36 (40.9%), stage IV 20 (22.7%) and stage IV-S 6 (6.8%). The diagnostic studies performed were chest roentgenography on 97.7%, skull roentgenography on 62.5%, pelvic roentgenography on 18.2%, spinal roentgenography on 23.8%, roentgenography of the long bones on 53.4%, and urography on 59.1% of the total. A bone marrow study was made on 36.4% of the cases. 24-hour urinary excretion of VMA was determined at the beginning of therapy for 78.2% and of HVA for 38.2% of the patients of the latter treatment group. The commonest general symptoms were anemia (34.1% of all patients), vague pyrexia (25.0%), lack of appetite, weight loss (18.2%) and poor general condition (15.9%). General symptoms were commonest in patients in stages IV and III (75.0 and 72.2%) and least frequent in stage I patients (16.7%). The average duration of the general symptoms in the survivors was 1.9 months and in the patients who died 1.7 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6670850 TI - [Profile of gonadal hormones in 8 cases of male anorexia nervosa studied before and during weight gain]. AB - Hormonal investigations were performed in 8 cases of male anorexia nervosa at the time of their maximum emaciation. In 6 cases, these investigations were repeated during weight gain. At the time of the maximum emaciation, serum testosterone (T) was decreased in every case. Mean values of serum T, estradiol (E2), LH and FSH were significantly lower than those of controls with a comparable age and a normal weight. Four times out of five serum gonadotropins did not increase after LHRH injection. During weight gain, values of T, E2, LH, FSH and the gonadotropins' response to LHRH increased. T values and the corpulence index were significantly correlated (p less than 0,001), though these 2 parameters did not constantly change in a parallel way. Thus, male anorexia nervosa is associated with a severe hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This hypogonadism results from weight loss, but also from other factors, especially psychosomatic ones. PMID- 6670851 TI - [Partial identification and variations of the cytoplasmic androgen receptor in the rat kidney]. AB - In the course of our studies on the fate of cytoplasmic receptors for androgens in various target organs, such a receptor has been partially characterized in rat kidney cytosol: the high affinity constant, the specificity for testosterone and the formation of a hormone-receptor complex with a 8-10S sedimentation coefficient on sucrose density gradient led us to estimate that this macromolecule was similar to the rat prostate androgen receptor. This receptor is partially occupied by circulating androgens because the number of binding sites increases following castration or hypophysectomy. Constant levels of receptors have been recorded for several months in absence of testosterone. The age and the sex of animals, as well as the functional state of thyroid gland, did not affect the number of binding sites. These receptor characteristics may explain the slight renotrophic action of androgens in rat kidney. PMID- 6670852 TI - [Measurement of cytoplasmic androgen receptor in compensatory renal hypertrophy in the rat]. AB - In order to determine whether kidney hypertrophy secondary to unilateral nephrectomy was an appropriate model to study cytoplasmic androgen receptor modulation, this receptor was measured three weeks after surgery in intact or castrated animals. Our results demonstrate that the process of kidney hypertrophy is not accompanied by a proportional elevation of the number of androgen receptors and that these receptors are not significantly influenced by the gonadal activity in the rat. PMID- 6670853 TI - Transmission electron microscopy of malignant neurogenic rat cells during invasion into embryonic chick heart fragments in vitro. AB - Invasion of chemically induced brain tumour cells from BD IX-rats into precultured fragments of embryonic chick heart (PHF) was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The malignant cells from monolayer cultures were suspended and allowed to form aggregates for 24 hours on a gyratory shaker. The single aggregates were allowed ro attach to a single PHF and thereafter incubated in a confronting culture on a gyratory shaker. Invasion into the PHF started with cytoplasmic cell extensions between PHF cells and vanishing of heart cell junctions. Irreversible intracellular alterations in heart cells followed the disruption of intracellular contact by the malignant neurogenic cells. The latter exhibited fewer microvilli when invading the PHF than when located at the periphery. No junctions connecting heart cells with neurogenic cells were observed. Malignant cells were lying between the PHF and no extensions were seen in PHF cells. Hetero/autophagosomes were regularly present in the malignant cells and also in PHF cells. The aggregates of the 13 tumourigenic neurogenic cell lines tested, all produced the same alterations in the PHF cells. PMID- 6670854 TI - Induction of preneoplastic nodules: quantitative predictivity of carcinogenicity. AB - Using data from two independent studies, the quantitative predicitivity of carcinogenicity of the liver preneoplastic nodules test was examined. It was compared with the predicitivity of two short-term parameters: the Ames test and acute toxicity. In analyzing the results of both studies, a rather high quantitative predictivity was shown for the preneoplastic nodules (r = 0.43 and r = 0.60, respectively). For one study, the predictivity was approximately of the same order as the internal consistency of the carcinogenicity data (median r = 0.69). The preneoplastic nodules were more predictive than the Ames' test as a statistical trend. The predictivity of the Ames' test has been found to be rather poor; especially in one case where r = 0.10. As expected, acute toxicity was the less predictive short-term parameter. PMID- 6670855 TI - Efficacy of topical acyclovir cream in first and recurrent episodes of genital herpes. AB - Fifty-three patients with first episodes and 60 patients with prior culture proven recurrent genital herpes were enrolled in a single centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 5% acyclovir in an aqueous cream base versus matching placebo. For first episodes treated with topical acyclovir the median duration of pain (4 vs. 8 days, P less than 0.05), time to healing of all lesions (8 vs. 14 days, P less than 0.001), duration of viral shedding (4 vs. 11 days, P = 0.001) and duration of new lesion formation (0 vs. 2.5 days, P less than 0.001) were reduced compared with placebo recipients. In patients with recurrent episodes who completed the study topical acyclovir significantly reduced the median duration of all symptoms (3 vs. 6 days, P less than 0.001), the time to healing of all lesions (4 vs. 6 days, P less than 0.01), and the formation of new lesions (5 vs. 29%, P less than 0.01) compared with the controls. Greater clinical benefits were demonstrated in females than in males, particularly for first episodes, but the number of males was small. Topical acyclovir cream is well tolerated and an effective treatment for first and recurrent episodes of genital herpes. PMID- 6670856 TI - Resistance to tobacco necrosis virus induced by salicylate in detached tobacco leaves. AB - Sodium salicylate reduced both the size and viral antigen content of non-self limiting necrotic lesions produced by tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) in detached tobacco leaves during the partly localized reaction to virus. The antiviral effect of salicylate occurred at concentrations close to the limits of toxicity, and depended on the timing of administration. Both viral antigen accumulation and lesion size were strongly inhibited by a continuous supply of salicylate before or just after virus infection. Salicylate treatment did not prevent TNV accumulation when given after the establishment of infection or when arrested 24 h after TNV inoculation. Both procedures, however, did limit lesion enlargement. These results constitute a limit for the use of salicylate as a chemotherapeutic agent but do not exclude its use in limiting the pathogenetic effects of the virus. The salicylate treatments induced the formation of four pathogenesis related proteins (PRs). The PRs formation was stimulated during the first 8 h of treatment and persisted for some time after the salicylate supply was discontinued. No correlation was found between the presence of PRs and the reduction of TNV accumulation: low salicylate concentrations (0.25 mM) inducing the formation of the PRs did not induce resistance against the multiplication and/or cell-to-cell spread of TNV. PMID- 6670857 TI - Endophinergic modulation of acceptability of putative reinforcers. AB - A series of experiments was conducted in order to gain additional insight into how endogenous opioids may modulate taste reactivity and, thus, hedonic processes. Using a wide range of saccharin concentrations ranging from mildly preferred to aversive, it was demonstrated that naloxone reduced preference for saccharin over water. This reduction was not dependent upon concentration of saccharin and resulted in a downward displacement of the preference/aversion curve. Naltrexone was shown to result in a greater decrease in intake in animals drinking a mildly aversive quinine solution, as compared to animals drinking tap water. In conclusion, endogenous opioids may serve to broaden the range of food related stimuli which are avidly accepted, perhaps by inhibiting any aversive component associated with ingestion. PMID- 6670859 TI - Influence of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on feeding in the rat at different times of the light-dark cycle. AB - Two concentrations of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) were injected into adult male Long Evans rats at four times during the 12:12 light/dark cycle. At low concentrations (300 mg/kg) in the first 3 h of a 6-h test period, 2-DG significantly increased feeding (268%) in the early part of the light period (EL) when compared to uninjected and saline-treated controls. In the late light (LL), 2-DG increased feeding by 48% but this was not statistically significant. For the high concentration groups (750 mg/kg), 2-DG increased feeding by 240% in the EL, 117% in the LL, 50% in the early dark (ED) and 45% in the late dark (LD). As there was no significant interaction, it was concluded that 2-DG facilities feeding at all times of the day. In the second 3 h of the recorded 6 h, 2-DG decreased feeding by 37-45% in the ED and middle dark (MD) when compared to controls, although the suppression was significant only for the low concentration of 2-DG. There was some support from data on water intake and latencies to eat and drink for the view that 2-DG-induced feeding was not secondary to thirst stimulated by hypertonic injection fluids. It is concluded that 2-DG injection facilitates feeding for a few hours but the net effect on food intake may be reduced in the light, and even nullified in the dark, by a subsequent reduction of intake in rats with free access to food. PMID- 6670858 TI - Effects of food deprivation on intake of solid and liquid sugars in the rat. AB - In free-feeding rats, glucose at 0.025 M or 2 M evokes a vigorous bout of drinking. Powdered sucrose evokes more feeding than would occur without it, but powdered glucose does not. Food deprivation has little effect on intake of 2 M glucose, but it markedly augments intake of the powders, which rises to caloric intake values higher than that of the 2 M solution. This occurs even if the powders are offered only after solution intake has come to an end and at a time when it would remain inhibited. We conclude: 1. Some sweet-tasting commodities will evoke ingestive behavior in free-feeding rats, but others, some of them even sweeter, will not. 2. Solid carbohydrates follow different laws from concentrated carbohydrate solutions, in that the former, but not the latter, rise with deprivation. Intake of powders must therefore be limited or satiated by different and more permissive mechanisms from the ones that limit solution intake. PMID- 6670861 TI - The regulation of feeding: locusts and blowflies are not so different from mammals. AB - The regulation of feeding in two insect groups, the locusts and the blowflies, is reviewed. The patterning of feeding is discussed first, and then the underlying mechanisms are considered in detail. The concept of "central excitability" is the key to understanding the controls of feeding. It represents a central nervous mechanism for tuning the sensitivity of the insect to food-related stimuli. The level of central excitation is influenced positively by food and also non-food stimuli, both from within and outside the animal, and negatively by deterrent stimuli and by feedbacks from peripheral systems such as stretch receptors on the gut wall, hormones and blood composition. Sustained gustatory input is required if feeding is to continue, once initiated. The level of central excitation present as a meal begins influences ingestion rate and the amounts of negative feedback tolerated before feeding stops. The duration of intervals between meals is then a function of a number of excitatory stimuli and of feeding-induced changes which reduce the likelihood of further feeding, e.g., hormone release, changes in nutrient composition or osmotic pressure of the blood, and gut distension. Other areas reviewed include changes in the regulation of feeding during the life history and the control of drinking. PMID- 6670860 TI - A robust, brief measure of an individual's most preferred level of salt in an ordinary foodstuff. AB - A single-session procedure to assess an individual's most preferred level of a factor in a product is justified theoretically and illustrated by the results for salt concentration in samples of bread and tomato soup tested on 30 young men who had had no previous experience of the task. Each man rated the saltiness of each sample as a distance below or above his ideal for that food type. Without the rater knowing, his stimulus set was coordinated to his rating responses in order to minimise biases in what other have shown can be a linear response mode. The Weber fraction is constant for the medium range of NaCl solutions when concentration units are used, and so Fechner's principle of direct scaling was applied: mean linear regressions between ideal-relative intensity responses and the logarithm of salt concentrations in each individual were nearly always statistically reliable with only six to 20 ratings of three to six salt levels in bread or soup. Values of the regression intercepts for bread at the initial session and five months later correlated significantly, as also did the regression slopes. Thus, a robust value for each individual's ideal salt level for each food could be interpolated from the regression equation. There was no effect of sequence of bread and soup sessions. Bread and soup salt-ideals were correlated, as were their slopes. A regression slope appears to represent an individual's tolerance of deviations from ideal. The relation of the slope to choice behaviour, and its relative dependence on intensity sensitivity and a preference motivation characteristic of the individual and test situation, remain to be elucidated. This procedure should have wide application in consumer preference measurement. PMID- 6670862 TI - Neurosurgical management of epilepsy: a personal perspective in 1983. AB - The therapeutic goal in the neurosurgical treatment of medically intractable epilepsy is complete seizure control, for both biologic and psychosocial reasons. Cortical resections are more likely to accomplish this than other surgical alternatives for epilepsy. Although abnormalities on new imaging techniques (CT, positron emission scanning) aid in identifying the epileptic focus, interictal epileptiform EEG changes remain the main indicator of focal origin of the seizures. Where this is equivocal, direct brain recording of spontaneous seizures with subdural electrodes is of value in identifying the side and lobe of seizure onset. The cortical resection is then tailored by the extent of the interictal electrocorticographic abnormalities and functional identification of essential areas such as those for language, using an electrical stimulation mapping technique, under local anesthesia. With this approach, half of the patients with temporal lobe foci are seizure-free since the time of operation, over two-thirds become so with time, and over three-quarters have at least very major reductions in seizure frequency. PMID- 6670863 TI - Percutaneous radiofrequency spinal rhizotomy. AB - An anatomical study was conducted to evaluate the emergence of spinal roots at different levels and their relation to the intervertebral foramena. A percutaneous needle was then inserted in the direction of these roots and their contact studied under direct vision and by X-rays. These results were compared with those obtained in 50 patients who underwent spinal rhizotomies. There is a direct correlation between the anatomy at different levels and the quality of relief obtained after surgery. PMID- 6670864 TI - Anterior callosotomy and chronic depth electrode recording in the surgical management of some intractable seizures. AB - Chronic depth electrode recording has proven to be a safe and indispensable tool for the investigation of intractable seizures. Anterior callosotomy appears as an excellent palliative treatment at least in bifrontal foci. It is hoped that chronic depth electrode recording will be used more widely before callosotomy in order to establish more clearly the best indication for such a surgical procedure. PMID- 6670865 TI - Should the brain be regarded as a computer? AB - In recent years analogies between thinking processes and computer mechanisms have been pointed out. There exist, however, also considerable differences between higher cerebral activities and computers. It seems, therefore, hazardous to consider the human brain exclusively as a computer. PMID- 6670866 TI - Experimental tremor produced by ventromedial tegmental lesion in monkeys. Neuroanatomical study. AB - Destruction of the ventromedial tegmentum (VMT) of the midbrain in the monkey has been known to produce tremor similar to that seen in Parkinson's disease. A neuroanatomical study by a silver impregnation method was conducted on 5 monkeys, demonstrating the characteristic flexed posture with hypokinesia of the contralateral upper limb (reliable premonitory sign of tremor) following destruction of VMT with a histologically proven lesion site. The results are summarized as follows: (1) the tractus nigrostriatus, (2) tractus tegmentalis centralis, (3) ascending fiber bundles going to the thalamus (particularly VL.X and VPLo) and (4) descending fibers leading to the bilateral substantia nigra constitute the bulk, if not all, of those neural tracts which pass through the VMT. This, along with the proven existence of fibers projecting to the thalamic nuclei, is thought to account for the rhythmic burst discharges recorded from the VL or Vim nucleus in the monkey and in Parkinson's disease patients. The present experimental study also seems to provide an additional anatomical basis for the concept that the tractus tectonigralis is involved in the mechanism of development of kinesie paradoxale. PMID- 6670867 TI - Development of intraverbal behavior in mentally retarded individuals through transfer of stimulus control procedures: classification of verbal responses. AB - Intraverbal behavior, in which an antecedent verbal stimulus is followed by a verbal response that lacks point-to-point correspondence with that stimulus, is often lacking in mentally retarded individuals. The present studies examine the use of transfer of stimulus control procedures for developing one type of intraverbal responding (classification of verbal responses) in mentally retarded participants who employed manual signs as their primary mode of verbal communication. In Experiment 1, a delayed prompting procedure was used to transfer control from nonverbal stimuli (pictures) to verbal stimuli (signs). This procedure was modified so that transfer of stimulus control was effected without errors in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, a delayed prompting procedure was employed to train intraverbal behavior that involved a conditional discrimination. In all cases, transfer of stimulus control procedures produced rapid and enduring improvement in participants' intraverbal responding. PMID- 6670868 TI - Social adaptation of mentally retarded adults in community settings: a social ecological approach. AB - Evidence regarding the social networks of mentally retarded adults in community settings is reviewed. These networks appear to be widespread and consist primarily of peers. The social ecology of community settings is a critical factor in the development and maintenance of these networks. Given the considerable importance of such networks to the social support of nondisabled adults, the furtherance of peer support among mentally disabled adults appears to be a desirable goal. Some approaches to achieving this goal were suggested. Carefully consideration of the social ecology of community settings for mentally disabled adults may usefully supplement individual social skills training as a method for improving social adaptation to community life. PMID- 6670869 TI - A review of sociometric procedures in the assessment of social competencies in children. AB - In this review, sociometric procedures for the assessment of social competence in children are considered. Both the traditional nomination procedures as well as the more recently developed rating procedures are described and discussed in terms of the psychometric properties and utility as research tools. In addition, peer and teacher assessment procedures are reviewed. While by definition not sociometric measures, they provide comparable data and can be used in similar fashion. The implications of using these procedures with retarded children is discussed and research recommendations are offered. PMID- 6670870 TI - Parent-child interaction training for parents with a history of mental retardation. AB - The purpose of the present report was to describe parent-child interaction among families with a history of parental retardation and to explore the possibility of modifying the interaction through parent training. Subjects were six parents who attended eight small group sessions designed to teach relationship building skills. Parents learned to describe, praise, and reflect and to interact nondirectively by refraining from commands during play sessions with their child. Parents decreased directiveness (p less than .01) and increased positive verbal behavior (p less than .01) between pretraining and posttraining, but at one-month follow-up only the decrease in directiveness was maintained (p less than .01). Mentally retarded parents at follow-up were similar to a normative comparison group in number of praises used, but continued to lag behind in descriptive statements. Results suggested that parents with a history of mental retardation can acquire subtle attentional skills, but that they continue to use only the nondirective skills when training is discontinued. It was concluded that additional efforts to understand family interaction patterns and to provide parent training for parents with a history of mental retardation are worthwhile. PMID- 6670871 TI - Social validation in competitive employment: evaluating work performance. AB - Social validation is a methodology utilized to evaluate the social acceptability of treatment goals, procedures, and results of applied interventions. This methodology lends itself well to assessing the work performance of mentally retarded individuals in nonsheltered employment settings, i.e., competitive employment. In this investigation, work evaluations provided by managers, shift supervisors, nonhandicapped co-workers, and mentally retarded workers (self) were analyzed. Results indicated significant differences across rater groups with regard to worker evaluation. Mentally retarded individuals rated their own work behavior most positively, followed by co-workers, shift supervisors, and managers, respectively. Rater groups disagreed particularly with respect to evaluating mentally retarded workers' job skills and interpersonal relationships in the job environment. Implications of these findings to the issues of concordance and consumer validation are discussed. PMID- 6670872 TI - Job interview training for the mentally retarded: issues and applications. AB - Vocational training has long been a major part of habilitation programs for mentally retarded adults. However, even after retarded persons develop work habits and skills, they may be unable to convince potential employers of their vocational competence. The present article discusses the rationale for systematically teaching mentally retarded persons job interview and other job finding skills, and reviews applied job interview training research with mentally retarded clients and other low functioning populations. Implementation of training techniques is also discussed. PMID- 6670873 TI - Identification of social skill curriculum targets for severely handicapped children in mainstream preschools. AB - In order to identify potential social skills targets with severely handicapped preschool children, the social interactions of 80 children, 20 in each of the following groups were assessed; (a) nonhandicapped 3- to 5-year-olds who received high sociometric ratings from class peers, (b) severely handicapped 3- to 5-year olds who received relatively higher sociometric ratings than their similarly handicapped class peers, (c) nonhandicapped 3- to 5-year-olds who received low sociometric ratings from class peers, and (d) severely handicapped 3- to 5-year olds who received relatively lower sociometric ratings than their handicapped class peers. All children were recruited from 10 mainstream preschool programs. Continuous observations of specific social initiations and responses to those initiations (210 min total per child) indicated that: (a) nonhandicapped children seemed not to have been affected adversely by exposure to handicapped peers and, in fact, normal subjects regulated the complexity of their social initiations to match the developmental level of handicapped interactants; (b) negative social initiations emerged as a behavior pattern that powerfully influenced children's negative evaluations of others; (c) specific approach behaviors such as play organizers, shares, affection, and assistance were displayed more often by higher regard handicapped children; (d) responding to others' social initiations and having others respond to social bids were important requisites for social acceptability, and (e) the above-mentioned behavior patterns were not setting specific. PMID- 6670874 TI - Social skills training with institutionalized severely and profoundly mentally retarded persons. AB - This paper examines the literature on training severely and profoundly retarded individuals in social skills. Experimental studies have focused mainly on three areas: (1) cooperative responding during play, (2) non-verbal physical or close proximity interactions, and (3) conversational skills. Training procedures varied but usually involved combinations of physical and verbal prompting, modeling, shaping, and social and edible reinforcement. These studies provide strong evidence that severely and profoundly retarded individuals can be taught useful interpersonal skills and can sometimes even assist the development of these skills in their peers. In general, the studies were methodologically sound in terms of basic design and interobserver reliabilities but weak with respect to maintenance and follow-up procedures. Only some studies tested for generalization of treatment effects and only a few specifically trained for such generalization. PMID- 6670875 TI - Development of a rating scale to assess social skill deficits in mentally retarded adults. AB - In the current study, two experiments were conducted to establish the reliability of a scale developed with persons of normal intelligence for the assessment of social skill deficits and excesses of the mentally retarded. The experiment was divided into two studies. The first was aimed at establishing which of the 100 items could be accurately rated by having pairs of staff independently score 22 mild and moderately retarded adults who were outpatients at a local community mental health center. A correlation of r = .30 was established as a minimum cut off for reliability. With this criterion, 57 items were selected from the scale for further testing. In the second study, 207 different patients from the same outpatient clinic, from the mental retardation center of a nearby state psychiatric hospital and from Champaign, Illinois, were assessed on the 57-item Social Performance Survey Schedule. A factor analysis was then run and four subscales of the assessment instrument were established. Implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 6670876 TI - [Complete ureteral obstruction: delayed manometric response and its physiopathologic significance]. PMID- 6670877 TI - [Hemospermia: diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6670878 TI - [A case of urethral duplication: nomenclature of the double and bifid urethra and paraurethral ducts in the male]. PMID- 6670879 TI - [Descriptive epidemiologic study of mortality in malignant tumors of the bladder and other urinary organs in Spain 1951-1978]. PMID- 6670880 TI - [Bone structure in an urinary calculus]. PMID- 6670881 TI - [Ureteral injuries. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6670882 TI - [Renal anthrax. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6670883 TI - [Ecotoxicology and man]. PMID- 6670884 TI - [Evaluation of the cardiovascular burden, energy expenditure and psychosocial stress in employees reinstated in the iron and steel industry following a heart infarct]. PMID- 6670885 TI - [Influence of social factors on health. Problems in assessment]. PMID- 6670886 TI - [The disposal of hospital waste in the province of Antwerp]. PMID- 6670887 TI - [The level of ethylene oxide in air]. PMID- 6670888 TI - [Early case finding of cervix carcinoma in primary care]. PMID- 6670889 TI - Learning and memory in young and aged Fischer 344 rats. AB - Changes in learning and memory processes that occur with senescence were investigated in male and female Fischer 344 rats, 3-26 mth of age. Age-related impairments were seen in retention of inhibitory avoidance learning, acquisition of a Y-maze discrimination task, and in a swim escape task with short intertrial training intervals. In contrast, old animals performed better than the young rats in an active avoidance task. No age differences were observed in either open field activity or in flinch or jump thresholds to footshock. These results indicate that impairments in learning and memory processes of aged rats are task specific, and that memory deficits in old rats are best seen following one-time only events or with weak training. The behavioral baselines described will help in the design of further research to correlate memory and neurobiological changes observed during the aging process in the rat. PMID- 6670890 TI - On the interrelationship between serum parathormone levels and osteoporosis in old humans. AB - Seventy-eight persons (51 females, 29 males) of an average age of slightly higher than 65 yr were studied, suffering mostly from cardiovascular diseases or various degrees of osteo-arthropathies. The so-called compacta index was calculated from the values of the external and internal diameters measured radiologically in the central region of the left-hand second metacarpus. Serum parathormone levels were assayed by radioimmunological methods. Furthermore, a series of other parameters regarding the composition of the serum have been recorded. Statistical analysis of the data obtained revealed no correlation between the serum parathormone level and the compacta index actually found in the patients. Therefore, one can conclude that the senile bone-loss has no common aetiopathogenetic basis with the uraemic osteodystrophies or all other forms of increased parathormone production. The serum levels of parathormone did not increase with aging; on the contrary, as it is known for other hormones, they display a decreasing tendency. However, this decrease proved to be statistically insignificant. Otherwise, the age- and sex related alterations of the bone mass observed in the patients studies agree with the general knowledge. PMID- 6670892 TI - A teaching catalogue of physical findings developed on the geriatric ward of an acute-care teaching hospital. AB - A catalogue of physical findings from patients on a geriatric ward run by a Family Practice Centre was developed for the use of both medical educators and students. The collection and organization of the data is described, as well as the ethical problems involved. Advantages to both teachers and students are discussed with respect to the teaching of physical diagnosis. An added benefit of producing and using a catalogue of this nature could be the changing of negative attitudes towards the geriatric patient. PMID- 6670891 TI - Effects of isolation and food restriction begun at 50 days on the development of age-associated renal disease in the male Wistar rat. AB - The development of proteinuria with increasing age was studied in three groups of male Wistar rats: ad libitum fed and isolated, ad libitum fed and group housed 6 to 8 rats per cage, and food restricted (one-third of the isolated ad libitum food intake) and isolated. Studies were begun at age 50 days and continued throughout life. Ad libitum fed rats when isolated ate more food, grew faster, had larger maximum body weights and developed proteinuria at a faster rate than those that were group housed. There was a small increase in the severity of glomerular pathology in old age. However, systolic blood pressure was not affected significantly by isolation, nor was life duration. Food restriction of isolated rats inhibited body growth, prevented the development of proteinuria, reduced the incidence of glomerular and tubular pathology in old age and prolonged life. Electron microscopic examination of the kidneys of old food restricted rats revealed a much lower incidence of foot process retraction and spreading on the basement membrane of the glomerulus than in ad libitum fed rats. Cardiac enlargement was also prevented by long-term food restriction. PMID- 6670893 TI - Superoxide dismutase in the central nervous system of Torpedo marmorata. AB - In the central nervous system of Torpedo marmorata lipofuscin accumulates electively in the electric lobes. It has been found that the electric lobes have significantly lower superoxide dismutase activity than other areas of the central nervous system in animals of various ages and weights. These observations indicate that the lipoperoxidation action of the superoxide radicals or of their derived free radicals, due to superoxide dismutase deficit in these areas, might be related to lipofuscin accumulation. PMID- 6670894 TI - Occurrence of short-sized oligo(A) fragments during course of cell cycle and ageing. AB - Affinity chromatography of nucleic acids precipitated by N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium bromide on poly(U)-Sepharose has proved to be a suitable method for a nearly quantitative isolation of oligo(A) sequences down to a chain length of 4 nucleotide units. Analysis of short oligo(A) fragments in synchronized L5178y mouse lymphoma cells after labeling with [3H]Ado revealed that the percentage of A2-6 sequences on the total radioactivity amounted in S-phase cells to 1.6%, while the value obtained for the stationary L-cell system was 8.0%. The alterations of occurrence and chain length distribution of short oligo(A) fragments during ageing were studied in two age groups of female quails: mature (250-320 days old) and senescent animals (3-3.5 yr old). It was found that the amount of low molecular weight oligo(A) fragments gradually decreases during ageing of the animals; the amount in the mature animal group was significantly higher (6-fold) than in the old animal group. The decreased amounts of oligo(A) during S phase and ageing could in part be due to posttranslational modification of enzymes involved in poly(A) metabolism. It could be demonstrated that both homogeneous poly(A) anabolic poly(A) polymerase and homogeneous poly(A) catabolic endoribonuclease IV are phosphorylated by nuclear protein kinase NI. PMID- 6670895 TI - Analysis of Raben's technique for human growth hormone. PMID- 6670897 TI - Iron binding with sodium diphenylhydantoinate. PMID- 6670896 TI - Coagglutination of Staphylococcus aureus with enterobacterial common antigen. PMID- 6670898 TI - Immunoelectrophoretic demonstration of albumin in breast cancer. PMID- 6670899 TI - Sequential ultrafiltration in children on periodic hemodialysis. PMID- 6670900 TI - Cancer of the uterine cervix. I. Changes in the pool of aminoacids in the vaginal secretion. PMID- 6670901 TI - [Neuropsychiatric evaluation and minor neurologic signs in affective disorders]. PMID- 6670902 TI - [Role of the cerebral amygdaloid complex in the plasma corticosterone response to ether inhalation stress]. PMID- 6670903 TI - [Decerebrate posture in brain death. A case of post-ischemic alpha rigidity in man?]. PMID- 6670904 TI - [Sensitivity to halothane and neuromotor stress tolerance of boars]. PMID- 6670905 TI - [Oxygen uptake capacity of swine, depending on body weight]. PMID- 6670906 TI - [Relation between the concentration and quantity measures of blood in swine during the 1st week of life]. PMID- 6670907 TI - [Development of conditions for iron absorption and conversion in calves during the transitional phase of preruminant to ruminant digestion (age 0-90 d). 2. Development of feed consumption, iron intake, red blood cell count and iron metabolism parameters in drinking calves]. PMID- 6670908 TI - [Effect of varying insemination time on fertilization results using PMSG/HCG combination for stimulation of estrous cycle within the framework of ovulation synchronization in gilts]. PMID- 6670909 TI - [Biomorphosis of the liver in swine. 1. Body length and mass as well as mass, interstitium and lobulation of the liver]. PMID- 6670910 TI - [Chlamydia infections in swine. 2. Pathologic-histological peculiarities of experimental Chlamydia pneumonia in swine]. PMID- 6670911 TI - [Phagocytic activity of phagocytes in the peripheral blood of swine under the effect of various lighting conditions]. PMID- 6670912 TI - Type C virus particles in X63-Ag8.653 mouse plasmacytoma cells and in hybridomas derived from it. AB - In addition to type A virus particles which are common in Balb/c derived mineral oil induced plasmacytomas, type C virus particles have been found in the plasmacytoma cell lines X63-Ag8 and X63-Ag8.653 used in the hybridoma technique. In hybridomas obtained after fusion of X63-Ag8.653 cells with Balb/c spleen cells, C particles were expressed in 5 out of 13 different clones examined, whereas A particles were always present. Virus expression and antibody production do not exclude each other. PMID- 6670913 TI - Influence of thymic hormones on mitogen-induced interferon production in lymphocytes. I. Augmentation of mitogen-induced immune interferon production by thymosin. AB - Thymosin (thymus fraction 5) in combination with concanavalin A influences both 3H-thymidine uptake in lymphocytes in vitro and the production of interferon. After in vivo pretreatment of adult mice with thymosin the mitogen-induced interferon production was about 3 times higher than in controls. The produced interferon is immune interferon (IFN gamma) as determined by rho H 2-sensitivity and lack of neutralization by mouse IFN beta-antibodies. PMID- 6670914 TI - [Carcinogenic effect of 1-phenyl- and 1-(pyridyl-3)-3,3-dimethyltriazenes and 1 phenyl- and 1-(pyridyl-3)-3,3-diethyltriazenes in single pre- and postnatal administration to BD IX rats]. AB - 1-Phenyl- and 1-(Pyridyl-3)-3,3-dimethyltriazene and the corresponding 3,3 diethyl-derivatives have been investigated for carcinogenic effects in BD IX rats following pre- and postnatal exposure. In the prenatal experiments these compounds induce no tumors in the progeny when administered on day 10 post coitum. A pronounced neurotropic carcinogenic activity was observed in the progeny only with 1-(pyridyl-3)-3,3-diethyltriazene, when administered on day 15 p.c., while the other three triazenes tested were negative or only weakly active. Carcinogenic effects were observed with the two pyridyltriazenes, when administered on day 20 p.c., shortly before birth. All four triazenes were potently carcinogenic when administered postnatally on day 1, 10, 30, 60 and 90, respectively, post partum. The neurotropic carcinogenic activity was especially pronounced with 1-(pyridyl-3)-3,3-diethyltriazene. Observed tumor rates in heart and kidney depended upon the used triazene and to a great extend upon the age of the treated animals. PMID- 6670915 TI - [Colonic cancer screening with KRYPTO-HAEM SSW. The results in 3015 persons]. AB - In a factory 3015 individuals have been tested for occult blood in stool using the KRYPTO-HAEM SSW. Test results were positive in 100 individuals (3.3%). Subsequent investigations have revealed 6 carcinomas of the colon, one carcinoid in the cecum and adenomas in 9 cases. Eleven out of the 16 tumors detected were beyond the range of the rectoscope. The test was valued as false-positive in 42 individuals (1.4%). A cecum carcinoma and 5 adenomas were revealed by false negative findings. The importance of case history and exact diagnostic clarification of a positive test is pointed out. The inclusion of the KRYPTO-HAEM test into basic medical care proved to be an adequate measure for early detection of colorectal tumors. PMID- 6670916 TI - [Prognostic significance of cellular stromal reaction at the tumor margin and the reaction in the regional lymph nodes in rectal adenocarcinoma. Patient follow-up studies after curative abdominoperineal rectal amputation]. AB - A significant correlation was found between the prognosis, expressed by the tumorfree survival time after resection of the rectum and the stage of tumor, the grading of histological differentiation, and the cellular stromal infiltration at the margin of the tumor. The stage of the tumor ranked first in influence on prognosis followed, unexpectedly, by the granulocytic stromal reaction, relative lymphocyte value in the peripheral blood, the histological grading, and the adjuvant therapy variants. The prognostic relevance of the immunologic reactions in the regional lymph nodes (follicular hyperplasia, paracortical macrophage activity, sinushistiocytosis) and of the round-cellular stromal reaction at the margin of the tumor can be seen in the correlation analysis but is no longer evident in the steplike multiple regression analysis. PMID- 6670917 TI - The dynamics of morphological and cytoenzymatic changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte lysosomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia during treatment. AB - Changes in the number of lysosomes were studied by method of Blum and the activity of acid phosphatase was determined by the method of Barka and Anderson in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in relation to the phase of the disease (according to Rai) and the method of treatment. Treatment with powerful cytostatic agents (cyclophosphamide with vinblastine) significantly changed the fluorescent and cytochemical findings, with a different pattern of changes in cases treated with success (remission) and in cases with unsuccessful treatment (death). The morphological evaluation of lysosomes in the lymphocytes can be used as a simple criterion of success in the treatment, and prognosis in this disease. PMID- 6670918 TI - Nucleoli in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with cytostatic drugs. AB - Quantitative and morphological changes of the nucleoli in the lymphocytes were studied in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with cyclophosphamide and vinblastine, and were compared with the lymphocytes of patients treated with leukeran and healthy subjects. The nucleolar index was 1.20 in the lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in stages II, III and IV of the disease, according to Rai's classification, and it showed no significant correlation with the mode and effect of treatment. The index was significantly higher than in the lymphocytes of healthy subjects (p less than 0.05). The activity of nucleoli in the lymphocytes of the patients treated with cyclophosphamide with vinblastine was significantly higher than in the leukeran treated patients and healthy subjects, and it increased with progression of the disease and with successive passage from stage II to III and IV. In the patients in whom clinical improvement was achieved and the treatment with cytostatics was withdrawn, the proportion of active nucleoli in the lymphocytes was decreased. PMID- 6670920 TI - Effect of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on the activity of mouse phagocytes. AB - It has been stated that experimental infection with 0.01 LD50 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 74 decreases the phagocytic activity of mouse neutrophiles and peritoneal macrophages in relation to latex particles. In the course of infection suppression of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was delayed for two days as compared with that of neutrophiles. During the dying out of infection phagocytic activity of neutrophils and macrophages returned to the control values. Possible mechanisms of these events were discussed. PMID- 6670919 TI - The effect of mechanical vibration and industrial noise on the behaviour of blood serum immunoglobulins and on the lymphocyte blastic transformation. AB - The investigations have been undertaken to determine the effect of mechanical vibration on the behaviour of blood serum immunoglobulins and on the lymphocyte blastic transformation. The concentrations of IgA, IgG, IgM have been determined with 174 workers of metallurgical plants who were exposed to both vibration and noise, and with 50 workers exposed to noise only. The lymphocyte blastic transformation has been determined with 70 workers exposed to both vibration and noise. The investigations revealed that mechanical vibrations cause the concentration of IgA and IgG to increase, and that of IgM - to decrease; they also stimulate the lymphocyte blastic transformation. The noise itself causes the level of the examined immunoglobulins to lower. PMID- 6670921 TI - Biological aspects of tuftsin activity. AB - Radioisotopic methods for determination of the biological activity of tuftsin was applied to study the stimulatory effect of this compound as well as of its components. This effect appeared to be dependent on the presence of two amino acids - Proline and Arginine. Administered jointly, they exert much stronger effect than separately. PMID- 6670922 TI - Personal organization of the visual field: a study of ambient to focal reports of threatening stimuli. PMID- 6670925 TI - The conscious-unconscious interface: contributions to an understanding. PMID- 6670924 TI - Why microgenesis? An inquiry on the motivational sources of going beyond the information given. PMID- 6670923 TI - Can preschool children be creative? A perceptgenetic study of 4--6-year-olds. PMID- 6670926 TI - Subliminal effects on lexical decision time. PMID- 6670928 TI - Cognitive growth, psychoanalytic conceptions of the mind, aftereffect experience and disavowal as a defense against perceptgenetic threat. PMID- 6670927 TI - Studying effects of psychotherapy by the Defense Mechanism Test--two case illustrations. PMID- 6670929 TI - Personality features of grossly obese surgical patients - a preoperative study. PMID- 6670930 TI - Application of a percept-genetic approach to separation and oedipal conflict problems in primitive-hysteria and obsessive-compulsive neurosis. PMID- 6670931 TI - Perceptual rating of paintings from different artistic styles as a function of semantic differential scales and exposure time. PMID- 6670932 TI - On the predictability of performance in a serial problem-solving task: first results with the symbol maze test. PMID- 6670933 TI - [Absorption and utilization of amino acids infused into the cecum of growing swine. 3. Studies with 15N- and 14C-labeled isoleucine]. AB - In 3 experiments growing female pigs, (live weight 35-56 kg) received continuous infusions of 15N-labelled or 15N- and 14C-doubly labelled isoleucine by means of caecal cannulae. The whereabouts of the infused isoleucine were investigated. Between 8.9 and 12.3% of the infused 15N-excess (15N') was excreted in faeces mainly in the forms of bacteria protein, between 0.7 and 0.9% only of the infused amount unchanged as 15N-isoleucine. The highest quota is microbially decomposed in the colon and absorbed in the form of NH3 or amines. Between 45 and 70% of the infused 15N are excreted in urine, mainly as urea (85-95% of the 15N-amount in urine). Virtually no 15N from the infused isoleucine is incorporated in the organ and tissue proteins (exception: colon wall). These findings are corroborated by the 14C-activity measuring as no intact 14C labelled isoleucine could be detected in the tissue protein. These results show that intact isoleucine is not absorbed in the colon. The nitrogen originating from the absorbed NH3 is nearly completely excreted in urine and thus not available to the biosynthesis of body protein. PMID- 6670934 TI - [Protein and amino acid digestibility in various sections of the intestines in swine. 3. Amino acid composition of chyme and fecal proteins]. AB - The amino acid composition in the chyme and faecel protein after feeding pigs with different diets is described. It is to be stated that chyme protein cannot necessarily be considered homogenous. Faecal protein shows less considerable variations in its composition and deviates distinctly from the composition of the faecal bacteria. The quota of bacterial crude protein was calculated according to the content of 2,6 diamino pimelic acid. In the chyme protein (end of the ileum) it amounted to approximately 30% and in the faecal protein to approximately 50%. PMID- 6670935 TI - [Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages in inflammatory and hypersensitive reactions]. AB - The data of the author's own studies and those from the literature concerning morphological manifestations of antimicrobial activity of cation proteins of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNL) in phagocytosis and inflammation are summarized. A previously unknown type of secretion of PNL lysosomal proteins termed proexocytosis or pseudo-degranulation is characterized. A hypothesis on formation of nonphagocytic tissue resistance in inflammation foci is proposed. A lysosomal cation test expanding the possibilities for evaluation of the efficacy of treatment and prognosis of the course of diseases of the broncho-pulmonary system, purulent surgical diseases, infectious-inflammatory diseases of the urogenital organs, burn disease, parodontosis is proposed for the clinical practice. Ways for the development of methods for early diagnosis of hereditary lysosomal microdefects of PNL are outlined. Morphological manifestations of intracellular parasitising of microbes in macrophages are analysed. The problem of unity and interaction of granulocytic, macrophage, and lymphoid systems in hypersensitivity and inflammation is discussed. PMID- 6670936 TI - [Allergic inflammation]. AB - Current ideas of allergic inflammation reflected in the concept of immune inflammation are described. This concept considers immune inflammation to be an immune response mediated by a certain immunity reaction which gives the inflammation a number of qualitative and quantitative differences. The nature of the differences allows allergic (immune) inflammation to be evaluated as a biologically expedient type of defence-adaptative reaction in which the inflammatory response is optimally expressed owing to the participation of immunological mechanisms. PMID- 6670937 TI - [Several regularities of the interrelation of blood leukocytes and microbes in the infectious process]. AB - The rate of absorption by polymorphonuclear leukocytes of different strains of staphylococci present in a homogeneous mixture was studied. The cells of one of the strains were radiolabeled and this made it possible to differentiate them from the cells of another strain by means of electron microscopic autoradiography. Different rates of absorption of cocci belonging to different strains by leukocytes of normal subjects and by those from patients with sepsis resulting from burn or wound were observed. The seizing capacity of leukocytes of such patients in relation to the autostrains of S. aureus and epidermal staphylococcus cultivated from the blood did not differ significantly from normal in numerous tests. The electron-autoradiographic examinations of the synthesis of nucleic acids in cultures of S. aureus and epidermal staphylococcus revealed different functional status of individual cells. PMID- 6670938 TI - [The nature of an inflammatory reaction as dependent on the etiology of infection and some peculiarities of the macroorganism]. AB - The paper summarizes long-term studies on infectious pathology. On the example of the involvements of respiratory organs, the intestinal tract, and the central nervous system caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi, and Protozoa, differences in the structural changes of the internal organs due to particular properties of the causative agents are analysed. These changes have been shown to be the greatest when the causative agents belong to different types and classes. The influence of host factors, first of all the immune status, on the course of infectious diseases is discussed. Changes occurring in the macro- and microorganism in the course of the infectious disease are considered. Not only local but also systemic defence mechanisms have been shown to be disturbed during infection which facilitates the occurrence of diseases of other etiologies and leads to increased incidence of combined infections. PMID- 6670939 TI - [Acute peritonitis as an inflammation problem]. AB - Clinical features and morphology of circumscribed, general, and diffuse peritonitis were studied on the clinical material including 66 observations and in 320 small animals. In the reactive stage of the process because of rapidly increasing toxicity microcirculation was shown to be disturbed, immunoglobulins were fixed in basal membranes of the microvessels and peritoneum, endotheliocytes and mesotheliocytes decreased in number which facilitated marked plasmorrhagy but prevented migration of leukocytes from the vessels. The function of leukocytes and nonspecific resistance of the organism increased. Cell-mediated immune reactions appeared only by the end of the first 24 hours of the disease. In the toxic and terminal stages, severe degenerative changes developed in leukocytes, and pathological processes progressed. Some pathogenetic mechanisms of common forms of peritonitis are discussed. The authors believe that the severe course of peritonitis is associated with rapidly increasing toxicity due to the effect both of microbial toxins and disorders in the microcirculation preventing adequate supply of leukocytes into the zone of inflammation as well as with late involvement into the process of protective cell-mediated immune responses. PMID- 6670940 TI - [Significance of the immunodeficient state in human pathology]. AB - Recurrent infectious processes, malignant tumors, allergic, and autoimmune diseases regularly occur in immunodeficient conditions. A classification and data are presented on the basis of which different types (cell-mediated, humoral, combined, complementary, phagocytic) and nosological forms of primary, predominantly hereditary immunodeficiency syndromes may be distinguished. Pathological processes and diseases in which secondary acquired immunodeficient conditions may develop are listed. According to the author, morphology of the thymus is most informative for a pathologist with regard to diagnosis of the primary or secondary nature of an immunodeficiency syndrome. The problem of pathological diagnosis in immunodeficient conditions is discussed. PMID- 6670941 TI - [Syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation as the principal morphologic manifestation of shock]. AB - Examinations of 43 section observations of shock established that the role of the syndrome of disseminated intravascular blood coagulation (DIBC) in the development of shock was variable: in some cases it caused the shock condition (embolism with amniotic waters, premature desquamation of the placenta), in others it is its consequence (hemorrhagic, cardiogenic shock). Morphogenesis of the DIBC syndrome is different depending on its role in the development of the shock condition. The DIBC syndrome as the cause of shock is characterized by completeness of thrombus formation processes and the presence of thrombi consisting of fibrin and/or formed blood elements. The time of formation of microthrombi in various organs is approximately the same and coincides with the period of shock development in the clinical picture. The characteristic morphological features of DIBC as the consequence of the shock include incomplete thrombus formation processes with the presence of pre-thrombi and/or strands and filaments of fibrin, involvement of the adrenals, the presence of the phenomenon of fibrin lining of vascular walls. The time of development of intravascular coagulation does not coincide with shock occurrence and may be different in various parts of the microcirculatory bed. PMID- 6670942 TI - [Organ pathology of bacterial shock]. AB - On the basis of histological and histochemical examinations of 100 postmortem observations of bacterial shock, 4 stages of disorders in the microcirculatory bed and in cell elements of organs in this complication are distinguished. The hemodynamic stage consists in redistribution of the blood flow, alternation of spasm and paresis, and vascular dystonia. In the stage of hemorheological disorders congestion is substituted by stasis, sludging of erythrocytes due to pachyemia. As a result of increased permeability of vessel walls, interstitial edema and early changes of parenchymatous cells of organs occur at the enzymatic level. The addition of DIBC syndrome leads to deeper ischemia of organs and formation of necroses, hemorrhages, acute ulcers. As a consequence, organ insufficiency (adrenal, renal, respiratory) develops. PMID- 6670943 TI - [Pathologic anatomy of traumatic shock during peace time]. AB - The study on the morphology of organs in 316 fatalities due to traumatic shock and blood loss and organs of 120 dogs and 25 rats sacrificed after reproduction of closed trauma of the chest accompanied by blood loss revealed the dependence of morphological changes on the time of shock development and the size of blood loss. Soon after trauma, disorders in the permeability of the capillary basal membrane are found against the background of massive blood loss. Disorders in hemodynamics progress during the first 24 hours when first signs of necrobiosis of the parenchymatous organs begin to appear. Circulatory disorders in the myocardium, brain, and lungs regularly found in this period aggravate the progress of hypoxia and dystrophic changes which are clearly seen in the next 2-4 days. Inadequate treatment in the first days after trauma may increase microcirculatory disorders and necrotic processes sometimes progressing in some organ to its insufficiency, more frequently observed in the lungs or heart (myocardial infarction). The dependence of the above-mentioned complications on the initial manifestations of traumatic shock combined with massive blood loss allowed them to be united into a traumatic disease described in separate phases of its development. PMID- 6670944 TI - [Cardiogenic shock and sudden cardiac death]. AB - The study of 148 cases of sudden cardiac death revealed in 25 (17%) of them morphological signs of cardiogenic shock characterized by severe microcirculatory disorders: uneven blood-filling of the vessels of the microcirculatory bed and increasing number of nonfunctioning capillaries in the myocardium and hypothalamus; signs of juxtamedullar shunting in the kidneys and the development of sludge phenomenon in different parts of their microcirculatory bed combined with high activity of renin in the plasma. The signs of cardiogenic shock in the group of observations of sudden cardiac death were noted predominantly in the presence of myocardial infarction, large foci of ischemia in the heart or multiple scattered foci of cardiomyocyte damage. Cardiogenic shock was found to occur in sharp reduction of the density of adrenergic nerve structures in the myocardium. PMID- 6670946 TI - [All-Union convention of pathologists]. PMID- 6670945 TI - [Pathomorphology of toxico-infectious shock in influenza and leptospirosis]. AB - Examinations of the section material of fatal cases due to leptospirosis and influenza, as well as examinations of organs in experimental toxic influenza by light and electron microscopy with determinations of the infectious and immune complexes showed leptospira and influenza virus to be capable of causing toxico infectious shock (TIS) with typical changes in the microcirculatory bed and organ parenchyma. TIS should be considered to be a special form of the course of an infectious process in which different organs may be "shock organs" depending on the tropic properties of the causative agent: in leptospirosis - the kidneys and liver, in influenza - the lungs and brain. PMID- 6670947 TI - [Activities of the Moscow Scientific Society of Pathologists from September to October 1982]. PMID- 6670948 TI - Medical aspects of the 'Ash Wednesday bushfires'. AB - In the Dandenong mountains, within 30 kilometres of Melbourne, natural bush and Eucalypt forest hide the homes and narrow roadways of townships which were destroyed in one of the worst series of fires in Victoria's history--the 'Ash Wednesday bushfires' on 16 February 1983. In this article the medical aspects of that holocaust are classified similarly to a counter disaster plan. PMID- 6670950 TI - Organising and planning for a disaster. AB - Disasters affect people, communities, domestic animals and native fauna and often inflict damage to property, injury and loss of life. Australia has been relatively fortunate in this regard; nonetheless we must plan disaster procedures. PMID- 6670949 TI - The psychological sequelae to disasters. AB - This article describes the psychological sequelae to disasters with reference to the 1983 'Ash Wednesday bushfires' in the Dandenong mountains of Victoria. Psychological reactions during and after the disaster were varied. The intervention of a mental health team is described. PMID- 6670951 TI - Burns management in a disaster. AB - The 1983 bushfires in Victoria and South Australia highlighted the need for discussion of the management of burns injuries in a disaster. The prospect of being faced suddenly with 100 or more burnt patients is a nightmare but it has happened in other parts of the world; the importance of triage is stressed in the plans for such a disaster. PMID- 6670952 TI - Cold water immersion. AB - This paper discusses the effects of cold water immersion. The clinical manifestations, preventive measures and treatment of immersion hypothermia are presented. Other cold related mechanisms are discussed briefly. PMID- 6670953 TI - Penicillamine in rheumatoid disease. AB - Penicillamine is a slow acting oral antirheumatic drug and a chelating agent. Although it is derived from penicillin, allergy to that is not an absolute contraindication to the use of penicillamine. PMID- 6670954 TI - 'Doc, it's about a sick diver...' Guidelines for the management of a victim of a deep water diving accident. AB - If you are consulted about a sick diver this summer the problem probably will be related to diving rather than an intercurrent illness. Consequent major injury is likely and the patient will need specialised assessment and treatment. PMID- 6670955 TI - Pitfalls of aeromedical evacuation. AB - Many problems face the increasing number of doctors who practise in the isolation of small rural communities in Australia. One is the need to transport seriously ill patients, who require major hospital care, long distances by air. This article outlines the principles and difficulties of aeromedical evacuation. PMID- 6670956 TI - Conjunctivitis in infants and children. PMID- 6670957 TI - Deposition of sprayed particles in the nasal cavity. AB - Therapeutic effects of topically applied steroids is closely related to the deposition of sprayed particles. To clarify deposition in the nasal cavity, model experiments were undertaken using the gas and powder sprays. Deposits on the moistened filter paper which covered the surface of a nose model were assessed by absorbance of the extracts. The influence of the shape and the effect of continuous suction from the posterior outlet were also studied. When the nasal cavity was kept straight without any abnormal protrusions, the gas spray deposited more than 90% of particles. The amount was significantly lowered in the model of a concave septum with hypertrophic turbinates. The powder spray deposited approximately 75% of the original dose. This amount was more than 90% of actually sprayed particles because some loss was inevitable in spraying the powder. In general, the shape of the cavity more affected the deposition of the gas spray than the powder spray. This difference was probably due to the spray angle and to the size and speed of the aerosol particles. It was concluded that the powder spray was preferable to the gas spray with regard to the deposition in the nasal cavity. PMID- 6670958 TI - Chronic sialadenitis of the submandibular gland (so-called Kuttner tumor). AB - Two cases of chronic sialadenitis of the submandibular gland (so-called Kuttner tumor) are reported. Clinically, they are asymptomatic except for firm swellings which are similar to neoplasms. Light microscopic observations revealed that the lesion is characterized by various degrees of atrophy and/or destruction of acini, infiltration of inflammatory cells, periductal fibrosis and lymph follicle formation. With the electron microscope, a marked increase of collagen fibers are observed throughout the gland parenchyma, and the secretory granules of acinal cells in the remaining acini remarkably decreased in number. We suggest that an autoimmune mechanism may play a role in case 1 and that an ascending infection through the duct system may be a main factor in case 2. PMID- 6670959 TI - Three-dimensional holographic display of images of otological specimens. AB - Three-dimensional displays of anatomical structures and clinical findings are very persuasive and instructive. Using multiplex holograms, we designed a display of three-dimensional images of otological specimens. Multiplex holograms, reported by Cross of the United States in 1975, enable reconstruction of three dimensional moving images and are used for artistic display as well as for teaching in medicine and general education. Multiplex holograms were recorded in a two-step process. The first step is to make a series of original cine-pictures of an object from different horizontal directions, rotating it on a turntable. In the second step, one frame of the original film is recorded on a narrow strip hologram. All frames of the original film are recorded one after another and a complete multiplex hologram can be synthesized. In the reconstruction stage, the multiplex hologram is formed into a cylinder and illuminated from below by a small white light source. Reconstructions of the three-dimensional bright images of the object inside the cylindrical holographic screen are shown. PMID- 6670960 TI - Sem studies of the inflammatory changes of the middle ear mucosa. AB - Mucosal specimens of the middle ear from patients who had chronic otitis media were studied and compared with normal middle ear specimens using a scanning electron microscope. The epithelia in chronic otitis media were usually thick and those surface structures varied depending on the area in which the biopsy was taken. Moreover, the structure was not uniform even in the same specimen. Some areas showed a great number of secretory cells, while others demonstrated high population of ciliated cells. Areas with loss of the superficial layer were also observed in a few cases. There were less ciliated cells than we expected. They were not evenly distributed, except for the eustachian tube region. Morphologically, most of these ciliated cells seemed to be normal, and a few isolated atrophic ones were also observed. In cholesteatoma cases, squamous epithelia with desquamating, flat and keratinized cells were observed. PMID- 6670961 TI - Auditory evoked responses in clinical populations and in the cat. AB - An overview is presented of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and middle- and long-latency auditory evoked responses recorded from clinical populations and from an experimental model, the cat. The research strategy of this program is to use auditory evoked responses as surface probes of central auditory processing functions and of substrate systems. Comparisons of ABRs between normal and mentally handicapped populations indicate specific types of abnormalities in particular subpopulations. Generator substrates of these responses have been suggested from analytical animal experiments. Middle- and long-latency responses are now beginning to be compared in normal and mentally handicapped subjects. Experimental data from the cat suggest that these responses reflect the relatively independent activation of several parallel forebrain systems which receive input from brainstem levels. PMID- 6670962 TI - Effect of SO2 exposure on nasal mucociliary clearance in intact chickens. AB - The time required for mucociliary clearance from the chicken nasal turbinate and from the maxillary sinus was investigated in individual animals by using a newly designed plastic holder for the experimental animals. Determined in this way were: 1) the effect of SO2 exposure on sinus and turbinate clearance time, 2) the effect of the nerve blocking drugs atropine, scopolamine, reserpine, and propranolol on turbinate clearance time, and 3) the effect of these nerve blockers on clearance rates in chickens exposed to SO2. Turbinate mucociliary clearance was measured at 5 intervals per day, during 1 to 7 hr after exposure, for 7 consecutive days. Sinus clearance time was measured twice daily 1 to 4 hr after exposure. Turbinate clearance time in birds exposed to 6 ppm, and sinus clearance time in birds exposed to 40 ppm intermittently for 2 consecutive days both increased strikingly as a direct effect of SO2 exposure. However, continuous exposure to 6 ppm of SO2 during 16 hr per day for 7 consecutive days produced double peaks of increased turbinate clearance time with intervening recovery periods, suggesting an intranasal mucociliary homeostatic response. In individual animals, 26 of 35 animals (75%) exposed to 5 ppm, and 5 of 10 animals (50%) exposed to 20 ppm continuously during 16 hr per day for 7 consecutive days showed the same patterns. Reserpine and propranolol, which are sympatholytic agents, produced decelerated intranasal transport rates. Atropine and scopolamine, which are parasympatholytic agents, did not affect clearance rates. These nerve blockers, however, blocked the biphasic recovery pattern due to SO2 exposure. This blocking effect was statistically significant for atropine and reserpine 1 hr after injection. PMID- 6670963 TI - Anterior segment viscosurgery with Healon. Proceedings of Australian seminars, May 1983. PMID- 6670964 TI - Pernicious anaemia with subacute combined degeneration of cord in a Bangladeshi male. AB - Pernicious anaemia (PA) has previously not been reported from Bangladesh. A case is described which had the typical clinical features of PA with subacute combined degeneration of the cord and polyneuropathy. The patient had typical macroovalocytosis, megaloblastic bone marrow and Schilling test result in the range of PA. Vitamin B12 level in the serum was markedly reduced. There was rapid clinical and haematological response to vitamin B12 therapy. PMID- 6670965 TI - Hypertension in the rural population of Bangladesh--a preliminary survey. AB - A total of 5,026 persons constituting 75% of the total population of a village of Bangladesh were screened for elevated blood pressure. Three hundred thirty seven (6.7%) showed diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or above. Those with diastolic blood pressure of 95 or above constituted 2% of the population. 74% of the hypertensives were asymptomatic while 86.3% of the cases were undetected and therefore remained untreated. Our findings indicate the need for early detection and control of elevated blood pressure to prevent complications. It is recommended that a large scale community survey programme may be undertaken for detection and early treatment of hypertension which helps prevention of total complications. PMID- 6670966 TI - Mycotic keratitis. AB - Specimens of swabs from corneal ulcers from forty-nine patients were studied to isolate and identify fungus. Direct microscopy revealed the presence of fungal elements in eight (16.32 per cent) cases, whereas culture yielded growth of fungus in eleven (22.44 per cent) cases. Aspergillus species was isolated in eight of the eleven cases. PMID- 6670967 TI - A study on impact of an educational programme on immunization behaviour of parents. AB - A study was conducted to measure the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of parents of children 0-5 years of age in respect of expanded programme on immunization (EPI) target diseases. These variables were studied before and after educational programme. Before education of the parents, it was observed that increase in awareness of the target diseases was quite impressive, while improvement in knowledge about signs and symptoms of diseases, vaccines to prevent the diseases and immunization schedule were less evident. The attitude towards immunization was good and improved further with education. It was also observed that the increase in knowledge with regard to location of immunization centre and days on which services available was significant. Compared with improvement in knowledge and attitude ranging from 30 to almost 100 percent, the improvement in acceptance of vaccines was only within 6 to 10 per cent. Since the study time was short, the acceptance of all the required doses of all the vaccines could not be ascertained. Furthermore, the gap between KAP was as expected. However, strong motives are required or if motives are week, a compensatory strengthening of situational factors is called for to make the KAP easy and possible. PMID- 6670968 TI - The use of periovulatory human cervical mucus in human sperm capacitation and in vitro fertilization of foreign eggs. AB - The time requirement of a routine in-vitro fertilization experiment using human spermatozoa and zona-free hamster oocytes is more than one working day. We have used a simple process of simultaneous sperm washing and capacitation before challenging them against oocytes. Spermatozoa were recovered up to 90 minutes from the proximal end of a column of periovulatory human cervical mucus into Brinster, Whitten and Whittingham's (B.W.W.) medium. Without any further capacitation 50 microliters of these spermatozoal suspension, in the concentration of 2.5-3 X 10(6)/ml, fertilized 81% of a total of 100 eggs. A dramatic decrease in the fertilization rate (18%) was observed when these spermatozoa were further capacitated in-vitro for five hours before actual egg incubation for three hours. Both selection and accelerated capacitation may contribute to this result. PMID- 6670969 TI - Erythrocyte membrane stabilization by decamethonium and succinylcholine. AB - The effects of decamethonium and succinylcholine on hypotonic haemolysis of erythrocytes were studied. These drugs at concentrations of 5 X 10(-8) M to 10( 4) M caused a dose-dependent inhibition of haemolysis of erythrocytes in 0.45% NaCl but lysis occurred when the drug concentrations were increased to 10(-3) M. These results indicate that decamethonium and succinylcholine may have a membrane stabilization-lysis effect on erythrocytes. PMID- 6670970 TI - One-trial long-lasting food-aversion learning in wild Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). AB - We examined how Japanese monkeys in the wild formed an aversion to food which had been paired with poison. Ten monkeys of various ages and both sexes were chosen as subjects from 105 members of the Shiga-A1 troop at Jigokudani in Shiga Heights in Japan. We gave almond nuts to each subject. Once a monkey ate 10-20 almond nuts, he was captured and moved into an injection cage. Seven experimental subjects were injected intravenously with cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg). Three control subjects received the same treatment except that they were injected with physiological saline. About 1 hour later, all subjects were released into the troop. The tests for conditioned aversions were conducted during the next 2 days. In the tests, the experimental subjects would not eat almond nuts, while the control subjects showed no hesitation in eating them. Five of the seven experimental subjects retained perfectly the aversion to almond nuts in tests conducted 1 month and 3 months later. The one-trial long-lasting food-aversion learning shown by the wild Japanese monkeys is discussed in terms of their feeding strategy. These results also suggest that food-aversion conditioning has potential as a nonlethal method for controlling crop-raiding monkeys. PMID- 6670971 TI - Assessment of retention capacities in old rats. AB - Young (3-6 month) and old (24-27 month) barrier reared Wistar rats were tested for their ability to retain an inhibitory (passive) avoidance, acquired immobility, and a conditioned taste aversion response as a function of time. Old rats exhibited accelerated forgetting of both the inhibitory avoidance and acquired immobility response in comparison to young rats. In contrast, old rats displayed good retention of the conditioned taste aversion response at all time intervals tested. It appears that the dynamic aspects of retention are altered in aged rats depending on the task, and in some instances may be expressed as accelerated forgetting. PMID- 6670972 TI - Activity patterns and time budgeting of Aplysia fasciata under field and laboratory conditions. AB - Activity patterns of Aplysia fasciata were observed in a protected port environment and in an aquarium. In both, major activities were feeding and mating, which collectively took up about 45% of the total time of the animals. Active behaviors occurred primarily at night; much of the day was spent in the inactive state. Activities were highly synchronized, with large numbers of animals performing the same behaviors simultaneously at a specific time. Mating and eating occurred primarily at different times; relatively few animals were observed performing these behaviors simultaneously. Many animals laying eggs were simultaneously mating as females. PMID- 6670973 TI - Radial arm maze performance of mice: acquisition and atropine effects. AB - CD-1 mice were successfully trained in a six-arm radial maze in which half of the arms were baited, a procedure which had been used to differentiate between reference and working memory. Stable performance was achieved following eight daily training sessions, as measured by decreasing running time and number of errors. This finding strengthens the foraging hypothesis as a basis for the performance of rodents in the radial maze. Acute subcutaneous administration of the cholinergic antagonist atropine sulfate (1-6 mg/kg) to trained mice produced dose-related increases in running time and working memory errors, with a slight decrease in reference memory errors. This is in agreement with other studies on the role of the cholinergic system in memory processes. The peripheral cholinergic blocker, atropine methyl nitrate (4 mg/kg), somewhat increased running time without decreasing performance accuracy. In contrast to the prolonged pharmacological and physiological effects of atropine, behavioral decrements disappeared within 3 hr. It is concluded that mice trained in the radial arm maze may be used for screening of the effects of drugs on cognitive function. PMID- 6670974 TI - Inhibitory avoidance deficit following short-term adrenalectomy in the rat: the role of adrenal catecholamines. AB - Impaired retention of an inhibitory avoidance response was observed in rats subjected to adrenalectomy (ADX) up to 120 hr before the single learning trial. Corticosterone substitution failed to normalize this behavioral deficit. Rats ADX 240 hr prior to the learning trial showed a normalized behavior. Adrenomedullectomy (ADXM) 48 or 240 hr before learning caused a similar impairment as in short-term ADX rats. The 240-hr ADX rats subjected to corticosterone substitution showed the same behavioral deficit as short-term ADX rats or ADXM ones. Immediate postlearning subcutaneous injection of adrenaline in a dose range of 0.005-5.0 micrograms/kg or of noradrenaline (0.005-0.5 microgram/kg) to 48-hr ADX rats resulted in a dose-related improvement of later retention behavior. Higher doses of catecholamines were less or ineffective. Postlearning treatment of 48-hr ADXM rats with adrenaline (0.5-500 micrograms/kg) caused a similar pattern of behavioral changes. It is concluded that adrenal catecholamines play an important role in the modulation of consolidation of memory. In addition, the high circulating ACTH levels that follow long-term ADX may correct for the behaviorial deficit induced by the absence of adrenomedullary catecholamines. PMID- 6670975 TI - Kin recognition in Rana cascadae tadpoles: effects of rearing with nonsiblings and varying the strength of the stimulus cues. AB - Experiments with two clutches of Rana cascadae tadpoles were undertaken to determine if (1) rearing tadpoles exclusively with nonkin affects sibling recognition behavior and (2) if tadpoles are capable of distinguishing between groups of varying sibling/nonsibling composition. Individual tadpoles reared from embryonic stages with 12 nonsiblings behaved as tadpoles reared with siblings by exhibiting a preference for siblings over nonsiblings in choice tests. This suggests that experience with siblings is not a necessary prerequisite for the development of sibling recognition in this species. Tadpoles reared with siblings preferred to associate with a group composed of 50% siblings and 50% nonsiblings over a group of 100% nonsiblings, but exhibited no preference for a group composed of 25% siblings and 75% nonsiblings versus one composed of nonsiblings only. Thus tadpoles are capable of discriminating between mixed groups of siblings and nonsiblings, but probably require some minimum proportion of siblings to do so. PMID- 6670976 TI - The effects of age, exposure, preexposure, and noise conditions on variable interval performance. AB - The present study was designed to investigate the differential effects of environmental factors on performance in young and aged rats. Specifically, within and between-session habituation, environmental preexposure, and noise conditions were examined. Consistent age differences were found in response to environmental change and sensory condition. Variable-interval response rates of the well habituated old animal were well below those of the young. Stimulus change and increments in noise elevated these behaviors in the aged to levels well above those seen in the young. Aged animals appeared incapable of maintaining higher response rates without corresponding conditions of novelty, contextual change, or increments in ambient sensory conditions. Preexposure to sensory conditions similar to those used in the operant chamber reduced response rates in the old, as did habituation with repeated exposure to the chamber. PMID- 6670977 TI - Wheel-running activity of Binghamton Heterogeneous and Fuller brain weight mice. PMID- 6670978 TI - [Determination of pressure distribution between orthopedic technical aids and body surface area]. PMID- 6670979 TI - [Value of preoperative evaluation methods for the determination of amputation height in chronic arterial occlusive disease of Fontaine's stage IV (I)]. PMID- 6670980 TI - [Residual monomer content in bone cement following endoprostheses reoperation]. PMID- 6670981 TI - [Evaluation of postural reactions within the scope of orthopedic examination of newborn infants]. PMID- 6670982 TI - [Determination of intra-articular oxygen partial pressure of the stressed and unstressed rabbit knee joint with pO2 puncture electrodes]. PMID- 6670983 TI - [Stages of the arthrosis process--a scanning electron microscopy study of the rabbit knee joint]. PMID- 6670984 TI - [Classification and apprehension status of congenital systemic diseases of the skeletal system]. PMID- 6670985 TI - [Stimulation of fracture healing by ultrasound--animal experiment study]. PMID- 6670986 TI - [Histochemical and morphometric muscle studies in idiopathic scolioses]. PMID- 6670987 TI - Different quantitative expression of the hemoglobin alpha-chain genes in sheep. AB - We previously reported that the alpha-chain locus of sheep hemoglobin is duplicated and that the II alpha gene is less efficient than the I alpha gene. The II alpha locus controls two allelic alpha chains, one containing leucine (identical to that directed by the I alpha locus) and the other one having histidine in position 113 or 114 (called II alpha 113Leu and II alpha 113His chains, respectively). In sheep homozygous at the II alpha locus for the II alpha 113His allele, the I alpha 113Leu/II alpha 113His-chain ratio was about 1.8:1; in those heterozygous for the II alpha 113Leu and the II alpha 113His alleles, the ratio between the chains was 4-5:1. We report here the detection of a new alpha 113Leu/II alpha 113His-chain ratio of 12-15:1, observed in 16 sheep belonging to four domestic breeds, during a survey of 245 animals. This phenotype was found associated in five sheep with the alpha D-chain variant. The occurrence of a quantitative polymorphism of the II alpha 113His gene is considered. PMID- 6670988 TI - The occurrence of a regulatory mutation in postirradiation offspring of convict cichlid fish, Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum (Pisces, Perciformes). PMID- 6670989 TI - Human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase: characterization from subjects with a deficiency of enzyme activity. AB - Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) was characterized with respect to specific activity and immunoreactive protein (CRM) levels in hemolysate from 18 members of an APRT-deficient kindred. In addition, lymphoblastoid cell lines were established from six of these subjects and APRT from these cells was characterized in a similar fashion. Levels of specific activity and CRM in patients homozygous for the deficiency were less than 1% of normal. Heterozygous subjects had higher levels of activity and CRM in lymphoblasts than in erythrocytes and, in all cases, the APRT present was normal in terms of isoelectric point, subunit molecular weight, and heart stability. The higher levels of activity and CRM found in lymphoblasts may be due either to expression of a mutant gene product stabilized in a normal:mutant dimer or to autologous regulation. PMID- 6670990 TI - Thermal kinetic differences between allelic isozymes of malate dehydrogenase (Mdh B locus) of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. AB - Two alleles are encoded at the malate dehydrogenase locus in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Populations in the extreme northern areas of the range of this fish are fixed or nearly fixed for the B1 allele, whereas populations in Florida are fixed for the alternative allele, B2. The MDH-B1B1 and MDH-B2B2 allelic isozymes were isolated by preparative starch gel electrophoresis and subjected to in vitro kinetic analyses. The apparent Km (oxaloacetate) for each of these allelic isozymes was determined at 25, 30, and 35 degrees C. The Km values for both isozymes increased with increasing temperature and were not significantly different from each other at 25 and 35 degrees C. However, at 30 degrees C the Km value for the MDH-B1B1 allelic isozyme was higher than that for the MDH-B2B2 isozyme (i.e., 5.4 X 10(-5) vs 3.3 X 10(-5)). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the different environmental temperatures at different latitudes may be at least partially responsible for the north-south cline in Mdh-B allele frequencies. PMID- 6670991 TI - Metallothionein and the development of the mottled disorder in the mouse. AB - Copper accumulates in kidney tissue of mottled (Mo) mice largely in association with a low MW cytosol protein, and the reduced copper levels in neonatal mutant liver are largely the result of a reduction in the amount of copper associated with this same protein. On the basis of ion-exchange chromatographic profile, heat stability, absence of a 280nm absorption peak, and the binding of Cd109 and Zn65 the protein mutants in the kidney is identified as metallothionein (MT). Amino acid analysis, however, failed to confirm this, and it is suggested that the high copper content of the mutant protein results in its oxidative degradation during purification, even when normal anaerobic precautions are taken. Estimates of thionein protein content of tissues from mutant and normal mice demonstrated that the levels are significantly elevated in both young and adult mutant kidney and depressed in young mutant liver, in parallel therefore with the changes in tissue copper levels. In adult mutant liver tissue, however, thionein levels are significantly raised, even though tissue copper content is normal. The synthesis and degradation of MT was examined in some detail. Incorporation of S35-cysteine in kidney MT was significantly raised in both young and adult mutant mice, while in adult tissue the rate of degradation of MT was significantly depressed. The elevated kidney MT levels arise therefore in young mutant mice from an increased rate of synthesis and in adult mice from the combined effects of increased synthesis and reduced degradation. PMID- 6670993 TI - Genetic studies of the caddisfly Triaenodes tardus Milne (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). I. Evidence for a sex-linked esterase. AB - Electrophoretic analysis of esterase in Triaenodes tardus Milne, a widely distributed North American caddisfly, reveals sex linkage at one of several esterase loci. Females are the heterogametic sex, confirming observations made via cytogenetic observation of European species. PMID- 6670992 TI - Linkage relationships of eleven enzyme loci in the Aedes scutellaris group. AB - Linkage relationships of 11 enzyme loci were determined in backcrosses between Aedes polynesiensis and Aedes kesseli. Three linkage groups established were Aat2 Lap2-Me-Sex, Cat-Ao-Pgm-Idh2-Est6, and Gpi-Odh-Pgd. Lap2 and Cat have not been previously mapped in Aedes. Locus order and linkage groups were the same as those observed for seven loci mapped in Aedes aegypti. The significance of the observed similarities in chromosome organization and differences in crossover values among closely related Aedes are discussed. PMID- 6670994 TI - Polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase in laboratory rats. PMID- 6670995 TI - Metabolic conversion of orotic acid hydrazide into a nucleotide in mouse and rat liver. AB - When [2-14C] orotic acid hydrazide (OAH) was injected i.p. in mice the bulk of the radioactivity of the acid-soluble fraction of liver was found in a metabolite obviously not identical with natural pyrimidines known so far as elucidated by chromatographic methods. This compound is also formed in vitro by the cytosolic fraction of mouse liver or by purified orotate phosphoribosyltransferase/orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (OPRTase/ODCase) provided that PRPP is present in the medium. Using alkaline hydrolysis and snake venom to split off the hydrazine- and the phosphate group, respectively, the metabolic product of OAH was identified as a nucleotide, orotic acid hydrazide nucleoside monophosphate. The identity of OMP and orotidine thus formed was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 6670996 TI - [Uric acid determination in dilute serum with an enzyme electrochemical and enzyme-free sensor]. AB - The paper describes the development of electrochemical methods for analytical determination of uric acid basing on amperometric sensors: with an uricase enzyme electrode, termed "electrochemical-enzymatic" method; with an enzyme-free electrode by indication of the anodic oxidation of uric acid, termed "electrochemical" method. The comparison of analytical quality of both methods shows a sufficient specificity, precision, and accuracy. They show a good correlation with regard to the specific uricase-catalase reference method (UCM): yelectr./enz. = (0.943 xUCM + 19.8) mu mol/l; r = 0.9948 yelectr. = (0.964 xUCM + 6.31) mu mol/l; r = 0.9917 The analysis by the "electrochemical" method can be done with a higher frequency of samples per hour completely without need of enzyme. Both methods are principally suitable for an application in analytic biochemical laboratories. PMID- 6670997 TI - Status of glutathione in the rat liver. Enhanced formation of oxygen radicals at low oxygen tension. AB - Rat livers were initially perfused and then stored at various temperatures up to 4 h. The intra- and extrahepatic status of glutathione, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the preservation medium, the action of a OH-scavenger and of a xanthine oxidase-inhibitor were investigated as candidates for the assessment of oxidative alterations due to ischemia. Furthermore respiratory functions of mitochondria were measured. The increased efflux of GSSG from the liver tissue, the increase of the GSSGtot/GSHtot-ratio and the favourable effects of formate as OH-scavenger and of allopurinol as xanthine oxidase-inhibitor confirm the hypothesis about the oxidative damage under conditions of oxygen deficiency. The nucleotide degradation, especially the steps catalyzed by xanthine oxidase and uricase, is the main metabolic pathway for the generation of oxygen radicals under ischemic conditions. PMID- 6670998 TI - A micromethod for the determination of alkaline phosphatase in mammalian cells. AB - A micromethod for the determination of alkaline phosphatase activity in a few cells from two cell lines, undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma F 9 cells and differentiated embryonal mouse fibroblast STO cells, is presented. In F 9 cells a 4- to 5-fold higher activity of alkaline phosphatase than in STO cells extrapolated from 10 cells was evaluated and compared with the results of the specific activity from cell extracts of these two cell lines. The significance of the results and the application of the method is discussed. PMID- 6671000 TI - Proton NMR studies of creatine in human erythrocytes. AB - Proton spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the relative levels of some metabolites in intact human erythrocytes that had been fractionated by density gradient centrifugation. Age dependent changes in the concentrations of free glycine, choline and ergothioneine were seen for the first time, while glutathione was essentially invariant. In addition, there was a 10 fold decrease in creatine levels from the youngest to oldest cells. This confirms earlier reports and provides a simple explanation for the variable creatine resonance intensities seen in spectra obtained from different erythrocyte samples prepared from the same donor. We demonstrated the different chemical shifts of the methylene resonances of creatine and creatine phosphate and hence confirmed that the bulk of the creatine in intact erythrocytes is not phosphorylated. The chemical shift difference enabled the monitoring of the creatine phosphokinase catalysed reaction in lysates to which the rabbit muscle enzyme had been added. This experiment indicated that the enzyme is not significantly inhibited by factors in the lysates, and introduced a new means of assaying the in situ activity of the enzyme. PMID- 6670999 TI - [Detection of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in leukocytes and fibroblasts]. AB - Phenylalanine hydroxylase activity measured in leucocytes and fibroblasts by the fluorometric method is nonspecific and can be released by other aromatic hydroxylases. Investigations with the inhibitors p-Cl-phenylalanine, 3-I-tyrosine and 6-F-tryptophan made evident that these results may be caused by the tryptophan hydroxylase and the tyrosine hydroxylase. Phenylalanine hydroxylase activities in leucocytes could also not be measured by radiochemical investigations with [3-14C] phenylalanine (scanner and liquid scintillation technique). PMID- 6671001 TI - [Release of chromium 51 by coxsackievirus-infected FL cells]. AB - The time course of chromium-51 (51Cr) release was investigated on FL monolayer cells infected with different serotypes of coxsackievirus. 51Cr release was determined by means of the increase in 51Cr radioactivity in supernatants of cells saturated with 51Cr. Ten hours p.i. the 51Cr release of virus-infected cells was largely increased compared with the control cells. The greatest differences in 51Cr release between normal and virus-infected cells were observed from 10 to 30 hours p.i. The quantitative correlation between virus concentration and 51Cr release as well as the type-specific inhibition of virus-accelerated 51Cr release by virus-neutralizing antisera demonstrate the relationship between 51Cr release and coxsackievirus infection of FL cells. By the use of 51Cr labeled FL cells as an indicator system, the 51Cr release proved to be well suited for objective and quantitative evaluation of coxsackievirus-cell-interactions connected with the cytopathogenic effect (CPE). PMID- 6671002 TI - [Effect of stimulation of the locus coeruleus on cobalt-induced epileptiform activity in the rat]. AB - The effects of a short-time serial stimulation of the locus coeruleus (LC) on cobalt-induced focal epileptiform activity were investigated in unrestrained rats with chronically implanted electrodes. The results show a marked reduction of the spike-wave activity immediately after stimulation. The characteristic groups of "cobalt-spikes" are completely suppressed within 30 s and significantly reduced up to 120 s. This suppression was partly antagonized by pretreatment with the beta-receptor antagonist propranolol (2-5 mg/kg i.p.). On the other hand, the stimulation of other areas, lateral or medial of the LC (n. parabrachialis; stratum griseum centrale), reduced the spike-discharges only insignificantly. These data support the hypothesis that the noradrenergic system play an important inhibitory role in epileptiform activity. PMID- 6671003 TI - Interaction of baroreflex bradycardia and inotropy in the rabbit. AB - In urethane-anaesthetized, closed-chest rabbits negative inotropic reflex responses from the left ventricle were elicited by aortic nerve (AoN) and carotid sinus nerve (CSN) stimulation in the paced and spontaneously beating heart and characterized as percent decrease of the contractility index (d log p/dt)max. The negative inotropic reflex action upon the left ventricle is, at freely changing heart rate, masked by the concomitant reflex bradycardia, in dependence on the prestimulation spontaneous heart rate. Therefore, inotropic reflex responses to AoN and CSN stimulation, as well as before and after vagotomy are comparable only on the condition of paced heart. In hearts with a prestimulation rate below 245 beats/min the negative reflex inotropy at freely changing rate is higher than under pacing, and at rates above 245 beats/min vice versa. It is assumed that at lower rates the nervous inotropy is augmented by negative rate-dependent inotropy (Bowditch staircase), at higher rates counteracted by a positive staircase, caused by reflex bradycardia. This nonuniform interaction can be explained by the strength-interval relation of the left ventricle which has an optimum at 245 ms (= 245 beats/min). The inotropic effect differences between stimulations at freely changing and paced heart rate are correlated to the effective heart intervals; the regression lines both for AoN and for CSN stimulation show equal intercepts with the abscissa at 245 ms. This is further evidence that at high heart rate the negative nervous inotropy counteracts, and at low rate cooperate with the rate-dependent inotropy. PMID- 6671004 TI - [Effect of an alternating magnetic field on development and extinction of conditioned responses in rats]. AB - This paper deals with the problem whether there is an effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on simple learning processes. The conditioned reaction upon an electromagnetic fields on simple learning processes. The conditioned reaction upon an acoustic stimulus (1000 Hz) reinforced by an electric painful stimulus was used. During the conditioning and extinction process 28 adult albino rats were put in a 10 Hz, 0,3 G magnetic field. Their learning and extinction behaviour was compared with that of a control group of 28 rats trained under normal laboratory conditions. The extinction schedule differs significantly between the experimental and control group: The extinction develops faster in the experimental group (p less than 0.05). In connection with the results of other authors our findings are discussed as a general amount of adaptability by the influence of the 10 Hz field. PMID- 6671005 TI - Relation between 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration in maternal red cells and duration of labour and newborn birth weight in anaemic pregnant women. AB - We have found a high negative correlation between the 2,3-DPG level and the duration of labour (r = -0.586). The correlation between red cell 2,3-DPG concentration and newborn birth weight was 0.576. Both relations are statistically significant with p less than 0.01. These results suggest that the increased 2,3-DPG concentration in maternal red cells facilitates the release of oxygen to uterine muscle and to the foetus and thus helps the normal intrauterine development of foetus and reduces the duration of labour. PMID- 6671006 TI - [Use of iopamidol for the angiographic study of forearm fistulas in renal failure patients on chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 6671007 TI - [Tendencies of development of endosseous implants with special reference to the AmSwiss system]. PMID- 6671008 TI - [Results of 90 Heller operations for esophageal achalasia]. PMID- 6671010 TI - Pathological gambling: a new insanity defense. PMID- 6671009 TI - [Traumatic injuries of the distal ureter in pelvic fractures]. AB - Ureteral injuries due to external blunt violence are quite rare. Less than 40% of these injuries are diagnosed in the first 24 hours. The authors described 2 cases of traumatic injuries of the lower ureter due to pelvic fractures. In both patients the injuries are caused by a bony spicule of the fractured acetabulum. If acetabular fracture occurs possible ureteral injury should be suspected and excluded by an intravenous urogram. PMID- 6671011 TI - Relationship between plasma fibronectin, serum lipids and apoprotein A and B in healthy male subjects. PMID- 6671012 TI - Interaction of tri-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin with drugs. II. Enhanced bioavailability of ketoprofen in rats when administered with tri-O-methyl-beta cyclodextrin. PMID- 6671013 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography and fluorometric detection of biologically important thiols, derivatized with ammonium 7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4 sulphonate (SBD-F). AB - Thiol compounds which are derivatized with a fluorogenic reagent, ammonium 7 fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulphonate (SBD-F), are separated on a high performance liquid chromatography column (muBondapak C18) and detected fluorometrically at 515 nm with excitation at 385 nm. Two kinds of gradient elution system were adopted for the separation of SBD cysteine, homocysteine, cysteamine, glutathione and N-acetylcysteine. The detection limits were in the range 0.07-1.4 pmole. Utilizing the proposed method, only a reduced form of glutathione was found in human whole blood at the level of 1.6 +/- 0.4 mM. However, in the plasma, both the reduced and oxidized (tri-n-butylphosphine treated) L-cysteine, glutathione and an unknown substance were detected. The amounts of L-cysteine and total L-cysteine (reduced plus oxidized) in plasma were 27 +/- 2 and 72 +/- 7 microM, respectively. PMID- 6671014 TI - [The impact of the Hospital Infantil of Mexico on pediatrics. 40 years in the life of an institution]. PMID- 6671015 TI - [A minimum of welfare, mental development, behavior and learning]. PMID- 6671016 TI - [The future of perinatology]. PMID- 6671017 TI - [The pediatrician in Latin America]. PMID- 6671018 TI - [Television and its influence on children's selection of food, drinks and candies]. PMID- 6671019 TI - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in children: experience at the Children's Hospital of Mexico. Report of 17 cases and review of the literature]. PMID- 6671020 TI - [Urethral reconstruction with free dorsalis pedis flap with microvascular anastomosis]. PMID- 6671021 TI - [Prevalence and conditioning factors in arterial hypertension in university students]. PMID- 6671022 TI - Different behaviour patterns of mother-infant interaction. AB - In 17 infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) four different behaviour patterns of mother-infant interaction (On mother, Nipple, Immobile and Grooming by mother during On) were studied from the end of the first month of life to the beginning of the eighth. For both sexes of infants the mean durations and the mean number of bouts per session (frequency) were correlated for each behaviour; correlations between two different behaviours were also calculated (Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients). The results demonstrate an important fact, namely, that there are almost always significant correlations between frequency and duration both within and between behaviour patterns. In most of the cases, this is so only for analyses within the same sex. In general, neither the frequencies nor the durations of the behaviour of females are highly correlated with the frequencies or durations of the same or different male behaviour patterns. Behavioural frequencies and durations tend to be significantly correlated, but only within the same sex. In addition, two further facts emerge: first, that of all the analysed behaviour patterns, the frequency and the duration of Nipple are influenced by the time that the infant spends On mother and, secondly, that this tendency appears to be dependent on the sex of the infant. PMID- 6671023 TI - Digital dermatoglyphics in some tribal populations of Andhra Pradesh, India. AB - An analysis of digital pattern types, ridge counts and pattern intensity index was made on samples from six tribal populations viz. Koya, Kolam, Rajgond, Chenchu, Pardhan and sugali. Bimanual, sexwise and inter-tribal comparisons were made for all the six tribes. Males in Koya, Kolam and Sugali and females in Sugali showed significant bimanual difference (chi 2 values 10.44, 10.09, 9.74 and 10.71 respectively). Sex difference was significant in Rajgond, Chenchu and Pardhan (chi 2 values 19.26, 33.46 and 24.64 respectively) for frequency of digital patterns. Inter-tribal comparisons showed Koya resembling with Kolam and Pardhan and Rajgond with Pardhan. For Total Finger Ridge Count, Kolam showed similarity with Rajgond, Pardhan and Sugali, Rajgond with Sugali and Chenchu also with Sugali. Pattern intensity index did not differ significantly among these populations. PMID- 6671024 TI - Serum proteins in endogamous Brahmin sub-sects of Andhra Pradesh. AB - Haptoglobin phenotypes and rare variants of transferrin and albumin are reported in six endogamous Brahmin sub-sects, viz., Niyogi, Madwa, Dravida, Vadahalai, Tengalai and Vaidiki from Andhra Pradesh. Samples were collected from Vaidiki subsect from three different locations to study the genetic variation, if any, resulting from geographic isolation. The Hp1 gene frequency ranged from 0.1124 to 0.2064. A fast heterozygote transferrin variant and three albumin slow variants showing different electrophoretic mobility are reported for the first time in the Brahmin populations of South India. PMID- 6671025 TI - Carabelli's anomaly in a Karnataka town of south India. AB - A total of 3,656 subjects (M = 1,893., F = 1,763) comprising 1,560 children with deciduous teeth (M = 796., F = 764) and 2,096 individuals with permanent teeth (M = 1,097., F = 999) were studied for the Carabelli's anomaly. The trait occurred with higher proportions in females with deciduous teeth (38.4%) and males with permanent teeth (29.2% than in their counterparts. Significant differences were observed in the occurrence of the anomaly between upper and lower income group children with deciduous teeth (chi 21 = 4.7139), and between upper and middle income group persons with permanent teeth (chi 21 = 5.4987). There were no significant differences between other religious groups and Hindu communities. The incidence of the cusp is slightly more in younger children with deciduous teeth (below 5 years) than in others. No consistent trend was observed in persons with permanent teeth. PMID- 6671026 TI - Pigmentary variation in Indian populations. AB - Skin reflectance spectrophotometric studies on Indian populations have been reviewed. Age changes in skin colour have been described on the basis of available data. It has been observed that pigment is lost through adolescent years. Sex differences have been found in skin colour in Indian studies. Variation in skin tanning and seasonal changes in skin colour have been recorded. Pigmentary variation in the Indian populations have been discussed. Regional differences have been found to be the result of adaptative adjustments in response to local ecological conditions. Superimposed on their pigmentary variations are the differences induced by the caste hierarchy and reinforced by assortative mating for skin pigmentation. PMID- 6671027 TI - A comparison of methods for the detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). AB - Our aim was to check the relative sensitivity of the various commercial kits available on the Italian market for the detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in its two subtypes ay and ad. To this end, panels from different producers were compared by parallel sensitivity assays of several kits. It was found that the kits revealed different sensitivities depending on the panel used, and that sensitivity curves were not parallel. Given the lack of uniformity of response in the various panels currently available, we preferred to use two panels prepared at the Istituto Superiore di Sanita, one for each of the aforementioned subtypes. These HBsAg serial-concentration preparations were used to measure the sensitivity of the different kits on the basis of distinct methodological principles, i.e. RIA, ELISA and RPHA. These are currently considered the most sensitive methodologies and are used for kits classified as belonging to the 3rd generation. For each kit we used the procedure indicated by its manufacturer as being the most sensitive. For some of the kits we adopted all procedures in parallel recommended by respective manufacturers for different conditions of use. Sensitivity was found to be a function of lot, kit, methodology and procedure used. For the RIA and ELISA kits, we also used a modified method in parallel with the normal procedures. This method consisted in presaturating the solid phase in a solution of bovine albumin serum and was generally shown to increase the sensitivity of the kit adopted. For the majority of the kits examined, as well as the direct tests, a confirmatory test was also used, i.e. a specific inhibition test to verify the positivity revealed. In this way an increase in the sensitivity of the sample was also obtained. PMID- 6671028 TI - [Relation between primary and secondary antirubella immunization in a school population]. AB - The A.A. have analyzed the behaviour of the antibody titer against rubella in a limited number of people constituted of two groups of student-girls (vaccinated and not vaccinated, aged 12). It has been noticed that between the not-vaccinated ones exists a high prevalence of serum-positives (89%), almost all with negative anamnesis for rubella, whose mean titer was 1:135. It has also been noticed that after the vaccination the prevalence of serum-positives was 94% whose mean titer was 1:97, inferior to that of natural immunization: 1:135. PMID- 6671029 TI - IgG rheumatoid factors behaviour in young normal subjects following vaccination. AB - In order to contribute to explain the finding of Rheumatoid Factors of the IgG class in all normal subjects, even at low levels, a study on their behaviour in a group of young subjects serving in the army, at the time of anti-typhoid and antitetanic vaccination, and in the following two months, was conducted. Parallely some aspecific serological parameters of autoimmunity were determined. The results demonstrate, first of all, a good antibody response to the vaccine in all subjects observed. Immunoglobulins of the IgG, IgA, and IgM class were normal in all samples. Complement factors C3 and C4 were slightly decreased after the second dose of vaccine, suggesting a modest consumption probably due to immune complexes formation. Factor C3A showed a slight increase, may be to be considered as its property of an acute phase reactant. Autoantibodies determined by immunofluorescence were constantly negative. IgM rheumatoid factors became transitory positive in a significant proportion. IgG rheumatoid factors demonstrated a two-phase increase, more evident after the second dose of vaccine. We can conclude, mainly for the latest parameter, that these results reveal an autoimmune serological response, even quantitatively modest, concomitant to the specific sensitization resulting from vaccination. PMID- 6671030 TI - Management of candida peritonitis in a CAPD patient by flucytosine therapy: importance of drug level monitoring in body fluids. AB - A case of Candida albicans peritonitis in a CAPD patient successfully treated with Flucytosine is reported. Flucytosine blood levels were monitored during intraperitoneal, intravenous and oral administration. PMID- 6671031 TI - Endotoxic lipopolysaccharides and multiple sclerosis: a possible role? PMID- 6671032 TI - [Overfill of solid injectable preparations]. PMID- 6671033 TI - Polarographic analysis of sulindac in pharmaceutical products and differential pulse polarographic analysis of sulindac and its metabolites in plasma. PMID- 6671034 TI - [Innervation of the urinary bladder of Ovis aries L]. AB - The authors have extended a preliminary study about the innervation of urinary bladder, confirming the previous results pointing out the presence of metasympathetic ganglions in the wall of urinary bladder. Therefore nine urinary bladders of Ovis aries of different age and both sexes have been studied by Ruffini, Bodian and Bielschowsky's staining methods. It's possible summarize the data on the innervation of urinary bladder in the following way: in the tunica adventitia there are motor and sensitive bundles of myelinated nervous fiber. The formers, after many divisions, penetrate into the tunica muscularis contacting bundles of smooth muscle fibers, while the latters after several divisions after giving rise to thinner bundles, produce Pacini-like and Ruffini-like sense corpuscles and free nervous terminations. Furthermore, some metasympathetic ganglions of different size have been detected throughout the running of the bundles. In the tunica submucosa a diffuse and peculiar non myelinated network is observed, arising from the vegetative nervous fibers. PMID- 6671035 TI - The effect of evolution on the structure of tuna myoglobin. AB - The circular dichroic activity of tuna myoglobin in the far ultraviolet has been found to be lower than that of mammalian myoglobin, thus indicating a lower content of alpha-helix. Fluorescence and absorption studies have indicated that the structure of the N-terminal region of the molecule is essentially the same in all the examined apomyoglobins, whereas differences have been observed in the heme microenvironment. The prediction of secondary structure has revealed that the alpha-helical segments of tuna myoglobin, especially those involved in the formation of the heme pocket, are shorter than those of sperm whale myoglobin. PMID- 6671036 TI - Rat liver mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase mRNA: isolation of mRNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - In order to obtain an enriched fraction of mRNA for mAAT we applied the following method: preparation of cytoplasmic polysomes; isolation of total RNA; isolation of mRNA by chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose column; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; extraction of mRNA from the gel. The procedure seems to allow isolation of mRNA enriched fraction for mAAT. An enriched fraction of mRNAs can be useful for the preparation of corresponding cDNAs. PMID- 6671037 TI - Isolation of partly heme devoid but not fully carbon monoxide reacting cytochrome b, from beef heart mitochondria. AB - An easy and rapid preparation of cytochrome b from beef heart mitochondria is described. The method is based on four fractionation steps in the presence of bile acid and one step DE chromatography. The isolated cytochrome shows only partial reactivity with carbon monoxide; up to a level of 35 micrograms protein applied, it moves as a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, with an apparent molecular weight of 32000 +/ 1000. A ratio of 14.1 +/- 0.8 nmol heme b/mg protein has been found for isolated cytochrome, indicating that good part of heme b is lost during the isolation. The low number of steps required for the isolation could allow the identification of the stage(s) responsible for the loss of heme moiety and indicate preparation improvements. PMID- 6671038 TI - Cardiac performance in the rabbit as affected by the venom of bitis gabonica. (A preliminary report). AB - The effect of the venom of Bitis gabonica administered intravenously in the rabbit at the dose of 0.125 mg/kg has been compared with that produced by the same dose of the compound in the dog. In the rabbit the effect on total peripheral resistance, aortic blood pressure and stroke volume is less marked and shorter than in the dog. Furthermore in a period included between 5 and 30 min after the injection, in the rabbit a transient increase of stroke work is observed as a result of the ejection of an increased stroke volume against a blood pressure which has already returned to normal. Such a transient inotropic effect of the venom was also observed in other small mammalians and might be attributed to an adrenergic mechanism. PMID- 6671039 TI - [Blood filterability in cerebral vascular disease]. AB - The aim of this paper is to test whether an alteration of blood flow in microcirculation and in particular of red cell deformability is present in cerebrovascular insufficiency. To this end we determined by the method proposed by Reid and Dormandy (J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1976, 29, 855) whole-blood filterability in 31 patients with cerebrovascular disease, in 15 clinically healthy subjects and in 99 subjects without clinical evidence of ischemic pathology displaying one or more vascular risk factors. Blood filterability turned out to be significantly lower in cases of cerebrovascular disease than in the controls (p less than 0,001), while data about presence of risk factors in cerebrovascular insufficiency and in controls are almost overlapping. Reduction of blood filterability in cerebrovascular disease may therefore be attributed directly to the risk factors associated to the disease, which can significantly reduce red cell deformability. Further we didn't find any significant correlation between blood filterability and levels of fibrinogen, platelets, triglycerides and cholesterol in blood. PMID- 6671040 TI - [Blood filterability in peripheral obstructive arterial disease]. AB - The aim of this paper is to test whether an alteration of blood flow in microcirculation and in particular of red cell deformability is present in chronic arterial occlusive disease. To this end we determined by the method proposed by Reid and Dormandy (J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1976, 29, 855) whole-blood filterability in 18 patients with peripheral vascular disease, in 15 clinically healthy subjects and in 99 subjects without clinical evidence of ischemic pathology displaying one or more vascular risk factors. Blood filterability turned out to be significantly lower in cases of arterial disease that in the controls (p less than 0,001), and we found a constant reduction of blood filterability with the increase of number of risk factors. Comparison of the results obtained in arteriopatics and in controls displaying risk factors shows that though risk factors have an important impact on blood filterability, their presence alone is not enough to explain the reduction of blood filterability which, risk factors being equal, in vascular disease is always significantly lower than in controls. We also found a significant correlation between levels of fibrinogen and reduction of blood filterability. PMID- 6671041 TI - [Blood filterability in ischemic heart disease]. AB - The aim of this paper is to test whether an alteration of blood flow in microcirculation and in particular of red cell deformability is present in myocardial ischaemia. To this end we determined by the method proposed by Reid and Dormandy (J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1976, 29, 855) whole-blood filterability in 23 patients with myocardial ischaemia, in 15 clinically healthy subjects and in 99 subjects without clinical evidence of ischemic pathology displaying one or more vascular risk factors. Blood filterability turned out to be significantly lower in cases of coronary diseases than in controls (p less than 0,001), while it was lower but not significantly so, than in subjects displaying risk factors. We conclude therefore that the presence of risk factors is enough important to be considered one of the fundamental elements (though non the only one) in causing the reduction of blood-filterability encountered in ischemic cardiopathology. PMID- 6671042 TI - [The effect of dilazep on circulating platelet aggregation in diabetics]. AB - The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the effect of the 1,4 bis [3-(3,4,5 trimethoxybenzoyl-oxy) propyl] perhydro-1,4 diazepina (dilazep) on reduction of circulating platelet aggregates in 18 patients with type 2 diabetes, 13 female and 5 male, aged 25-65 years. Dilazep was orally given at 100 mg X 3/day for 8 weeks. The platelet activity has valued before and after the treatment trough the evaluation of circulating platelet aggregates with the method of Wu and Hoak. The results confirmed that the dilazep decreased statistically significant after 8 weeks the circulating aggregates. PMID- 6671043 TI - [Changes in platelet production of malondialdehyde in diabetics treated with dilazep]. AB - We have investigated the effect of dilazep on the prostaglandin synthesis determined as indicator malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. Twenty patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 25-65 years were orally given dilazep at 100 mg X 3/day for 56 daily. The platelet activity has valued before and after the treatment with the production of the MDA. We conclude that the dilazep inhibited statistically significant biosynthesis of prostaglandin endoperoxides from arachidonic acid. PMID- 6671044 TI - [Incidence of peptic ulcer in diabetic disease: a clinic-epidemiological study]. AB - We have investigated in 400 patients, 159 male and 241 female, mean age 58 years, with type 2 diabetes, the incidence of peptic ulcer and on 127 patients with peptic ulcer, the incidence of diabetes mellitus. In conclusion the incidence of peptic ulcer is no more than 3,9% in diabetic patients. In peptic ulcer the female to male ratio is 1:0,9. The seat of the ulcer is resulted to be in ratio of 1,4:1 more in the duodenal tract than in the gastric tract. The result are attributed to the increased secretion of the gastrointestinal hormones (Bombesin and Somatostatin) in the diabetic patients. However the neuromodulator of gastrointestinal hormones release is mediated of the Dorsal Motor nucleus of the Vagus nerve connected to the endocrine pancreas exclusively via vagal fibers and has a role in neurally mediated insulin release. PMID- 6671045 TI - [2,3-diphosphoglycerate and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes mellitus]. AB - Large amounts of intraerythrocyte 2-3 diphosphoglycerate (2-3 DPG) increase red cell oxygen-releasing capacity. Since glycosylated hemoglobins, found in higher percentages in diabetics, have an increased oxygen affinity, 2-3 DPG concentration was assayed in 12 diabetics (4 I.D.D., 8 N.I.D.D.) and 18 healthy volunteers. 2-3 DPG was related to glycemic fasting values and to glycosylated hemoglobins to evaluate if 2-3 DPG levels increase in diabetics as a compensatory mechanism to prevent peripheral hypoxia. 2-3 DPG values were significantly higher in diabetics than in normals: 11.4 mumol/gHb +/- 1.7 (= M +/- 1 SD) vs 9.8 mumol/gHb +/- 2.3 (p less than 0.05). 2-3 DPG did not correlate significantly to glycosylated hemoglobins or to glycemic values neither in diabetics nor in normals. These preliminary observations emphasize the usefullness of 2-3 DPG assay in evaluating peripheral oxygenation in diabetics: 2-3 DPG is higher in diabetics but does not correlate to glycemic equilibrium. PMID- 6671046 TI - Plasma catecholamine response to orthostasis in longstanding hypothyroidism. AB - In seven normotensive women affected by long-standing hypothyroidism norepinephrine peripheral levels were found significantly higher than after replacement therapy and than normal controls. After standing norepinephrine peripheral concentrations increased further; such an increase, although percentually lower than after therapy was sufficient to assure an adequate clinical response to orthostasis. PMID- 6671047 TI - [Various aspects of dopaminergic function in patients with prolactin-secreting hypophyseal adenoma]. AB - Controversial data have been published in these last years on the dopaminergic tonus of tubero infundibular (TIDA) neurons in hyperprolactinemic subjects. Some authors retain that L-Dopa (LD) stimulation test after pretreatment with Carbidopa (CD), a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor substance, may reveal the presence of a central Dopamine (DA) defect in patient with prolactinoma. To elucidate the reason of so different activity of DA central tonus in subjects with prolactinoma, the effects of Nomifensine (NOM), an indirect DA agonist, DOM, Carbidopa/L-Dopa (CD/LD) and LD, were studied in 26 prolactinoma patients, (basal Prl levels 50 to 280 ng/ml). The patients (24-39 years) were characterized by secondary amenorrhea with sella turcica enlargement at hypocicloidal polytomography. The NOM administration resulted unable to reduce Prl plasma levels in all the patients. On the basis of Prl response to CD/LD administration the patients were subdivided in two groups: group A, which showed a significant decrease of Prl plasma levels and group B, who did not show any significant change. LD test induced a significant Prl decrease in all patients with more evident response in these of group A. DOM administration induced a Prl rise in patients of group A, but failed to change significantly Prl levels in group B subjects. These results confirming the high validity of NOM inhibiting test in the diagnosis of tumoural hyperprolactinemic states, reveal contradictory responses to CD/LD, LD and DOM, with sustain the existence of 2 sub-group of Prolactinomas: with or without a maintained DA central tonus supporting the possibility of different etiopathogenetical factors in inducing a tumoural hyperprolactinemic states. PMID- 6671048 TI - [Sampling of tissue from microscopic areas of the spinal cord of the chick embryo. Description of the technic and application to the study of enzymes metabolizing acetylcholine]. AB - In the present communication we describe a very simple procedure which allows measuring the specific activity of cholinergic enzymes (Acetylcholinesterase and cholinacetyltransferase) in microscopical areas of chick embryo spinal cord. Microhomogenates were prepared as follows: i) a number of fresh cryostat sections (20 mu thick) were stained with toluidine blue; ii) the adjacent unstained sections were microdissected under stereomicroscope and tissue fragments were collected from different areas (lateral, medial and posterior columns; anterior, lateral and posterior bundles). Tissue fragments were dissolved in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.4 (20-40 sections). Protein assay was performed according to Bradford (1976). AChE and ChAc were measured by radiochemical methods of Fonnum (1969, 1970). In lumbar segments of 18-day chick embryo spinal cord AChE was found in all structure investigated, by contrast ChAc was localized almost exclusively in lateral somatomotor comumns. This result indicates that ChAc can be considered a specific marker for motoneurons. The ontogeny of the cholinergic enzymes in various areas of the chick embryo spinal cord has been investigated. PMID- 6671049 TI - [Maintenance of the contraction time of the smooth muscle cell]. AB - It has been analyzed the speed of contraction (measured as Vmax) of guinea-pig intestine in vitro, after stimulation with carbachol. High doses of carbachol induce an high Vmax; but repeating the dose at short interval (4 min) the speed of contraction is reduced until it reaches values of Vmax 4,3. Low doses of carbachol determine a low Vmax that with repeating doses increases until Vmax 4,2. On the base of this tendency at the same Vmax, and from the anomalous behaviour of the intestines to one dose in front to different doses in carbachol. The excludes that the process could be due to a passive adaptation and hypothesizes a model of behaviour inside the cell. A model to which the myocells balance the stimulus in the way to make constant their velocity of contraction. PMID- 6671050 TI - [Glycine uptake in brush border vesicles isolated from the rat intestinal cells]. AB - The uptake of glycine in osmotically active brush border membrane vesicles (obtained by the Mg++ precipitation method) has been studied and a partial characterization of its transport system has been established. The glycine uptake in these vesicles was stimulated by the presence of sodium and in the presence of an inwardly directed Na+ -gradient glycine was accumulated inside the vesicles. The effect of Na+ was specific; other monovalent cation as Li+, K+, Rb+ and choline were uneffective in the stimulation of glycine uptake, under the same experimental conditions. Preliminary experiments show an important role of some anions on the glycine uptake. A strong inhibition in the uptake rate was found when the measurements were carried out in the presence of sodium cyclamate, while in the presence of NaSCN the measured uptake values were similar to those observed in the presence of NaCl. PMID- 6671051 TI - [Temporal decay of the effect of a single vagal stimulation on cardiac rhythm in the rabbit]. AB - The negative chronotropic effect of a single stimulus randomly delivered through right, left or both vagi respectively, within the cardiac cycle was studied in anaesthetized rabbits. The effect was analyzed on the P-P cycles subsequent the stimulus application, calculating percentagewise the delay observed in definite time-lapses, equalized to two pre-stimulus cycles. The results indicate that the efficacy of the negative chronotropic effect of vagal stimulation shows the least delay the closer the stimulus to the wave, while the delay is higher when the stimulus is delivered within the central portion of the cycle. PMID- 6671052 TI - [Integration of the effects of a single stimulus applied to the vagus nerve on the right and the left, in the rabbit heart]. AB - It was reported by the literature that a train stimulation, simultaneously delivered on the two vagi, resulted in a decrement of the negative chronotropic effect, when it was compared to the sum of the effects obtained by the stimulation of the two nerves, separately. Our data indicate that the size of the chronotropic effect obtained by the simultaneous application on the two vagi of a single supraliminar stimulus, randomly applied within the P-P cycle, in rabbits, can be equal, higher or lower than the sum of the same stimulation separately delivered to the two nerves. The results could depend upon the different amount of acetylcholine released during stimulation. The hypothesis is put forward that different patterns of the neuro-cardiac junction regulation might be activated according to the quantity of released neuromediator. PMID- 6671053 TI - [Ultrastructural observations on B cells in the human synovial membrane]. AB - Two cellular type, A and B cells, are evident in the intimal layer of the human synovial membrane. The Authors studied the B-cells that show in their cytoplasm some secretory granules that are still unknown. In the normal synovial membrane of human knee, with transmission electron microscopic techniques, the relationship between the B-cells and the blood capillary vessels and some morphological features of the secretory granules, are studied. The blood capillary vessels have a continuous cellular wall, surrounded by a basal membrane. Typical features of the B-cells are the marked development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and dense secretory vesicles. The B cells appear to constitute some specific secretory cells, but its function has yet to be determined. PMID- 6671054 TI - [Microcinematographic study of in vitro fusion between blood monocytes and differentiated osteoclasts]. AB - The cell cycle of osteoclasts is hard to define, because regularly new nuclei enter in, and old nuclei are extruded from these polynucleated elements. The "transit-time" of a single nucleus averages 9-11 days in dogs and the factors conditioning this renewal are unknown. With the aim of elucidating in vitro the conditions necessary for the entrance of new nuclei in the polycarions, cultures of purified osteoclasts from medullary bone of laying hens and monocytes from circulating blood of the same animals have been performed after a previous period of 5 days of separate cultures each one of these two cell types. Part of the monocytes added to the osteoclast cultures, after a variable period of time entered in the polycarions by an active process of membrane fusion. Some phases of the process have been visualized at phase contrast and confirmed by time-lapse microcinematography and scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6671055 TI - [Relation between thermal comfort indices and various values of thermal impedence for clothes]. AB - The Authors show that there is some relationship between WBGT microclimatic index and PMV thermic comfort index. This relationship can be noticed at various levels of energetic expenditure and for three values of thermic impedance from clothes used in working places in the four seasons. PMID- 6671056 TI - [Analysis for diatoms in the diagnosis of drowning]. AB - The amount of diatoms in water samples collected in specific places of Lazio during the months of May and October is compared with the results of a study performed 17 years ago. It is pointed out that in the studies waters the diatom content is less to day than previously. This phenomenon related to the pollution explains the rare presence of diatoms, reported during the last years, in organs of drowned people. PMID- 6671057 TI - [Perception of light modulation]. AB - A simple method for testing visual sensitivity to flickering light sources is proposed. The method employs a triangular function generator, which modulates the luminance of a chromatic light source. Amplitude and frequency of the triangular pattern are adjusted until the subject perceives a periodic variation of luminance. In normal subjects the maximum sensitivity was found at a frequency modulation of 5-10 Hz. In multiple sclerosis patients the method proved to be more accurate than flicker fusion frequency in revealing subclinical damage of the visual pathway. PMID- 6671058 TI - Estimate of the daily urinary output based on creatininuria values. AB - The daily urinary output was calculated on the basis of creatininuria, starting from an accepted formula that evaluates ClCr, employing the subject's height and creatininemia. Results are satisfactory. The new formula estimates the daily urinary volume on the basis of the mean of the three creatininuria values of the day. PMID- 6671059 TI - Anatomy of the lumbar radicular canal. AB - The radicular canal is defined as the lateral part of the spinal canal containing the spinal nerve root from its point of emergence through the dural envelope up to and including the intervertebral foramen. The radicular canal, resembling a hollow hemicylinder opened towards the midline, can be divided into three parts, i.e. retrodiscal, parapedicular (the lateral recess per se) and foraminal. The different walls of the canal (notably those of the lateral recess) are described. A review of the main types of roentgenographic exploration of the radicular canal are presented based on these anatomical findings. Finally, this static description of the typical lumbar radicular canal and its variations according to the lumbar or sacral level under consideration is followed by a presentation of the modifications which arise in the upright position and during extension and flexion of the lumbar spine. PMID- 6671060 TI - The osseous structure of the carpal groove. AB - Transverse osseous structure of the carpal groove was studied using serial sections and microradiography. The width and area of the carpal groove were measured in x-ray films of each section. The wrist and carpal region was divided into six levels: 1) radio-ulnar joint level, 2) proximal level of the carpal bones, 3) intermediate level of carpal bones, 4) distal level of carpal bones, 5) the first C-M joint level, and 6) bases of the metacarpal bone level. The width of the carpal groove averaged 32 mm at the inlet and became narrower toward the outlet. Both inlet and outlet areas were small, the largest area was observed at the middle part. Although the carpal bones did not support the body weight, a remnant of the trajectorial architecture of the trabeculae was observed. PMID- 6671061 TI - The oculomotor nerve: biometry and endoneural fascicular systematization. AB - The authors carried out a macroscopic study of the oculomotor nerve based on the dissection of 60 hemifaces with special emphasis on the numerous variations of the course of the nerve from its apparent origin to its termination in the orbital cavity. Histological study of serial sections of the nerve showed that a true fascicular structure exists only distal to the point where it pierces the dura mater. The number of histologically identifiable fasciculi was found to be highly variable from one subject to another and, in a given individual, from one side to the other. PMID- 6671062 TI - An approach to the functional anatomy of the sacroiliac joints in vivo. AB - This first part of this paper is a review of the literature on the functional anatomy of the sacroiliac joint followed by a preliminary biomechanical study of the fresh post mortem pelvis. The latter was done in order to determine the coefficients of the screw matrix and the position of the instantaneous centers of rotation during the symmetrical movements of nutation and contranutation simulated in the biomechanics laboratory. The main part of this work deals with the spatial analysis in vivo of the relative displacements of the iliac bones with respect to the sacrum in the course of dissymmetrical movements of the pelvis. In the different phases of movement, the roentgenographic observation of the position of the bony components with respect to a three-dimensional orthonormal reference system required the use of material based on the principles of photogrammetry. This technique was used to achieve spatial reconstruction of the data recovered from a series of orthogonal x-ray films of the sacroiliac joints. Data retrieval was carried out on a digital table linked to a computer with a graphic terminal so that the information could be displayed in the form of rectangular coordinates of defined points on the bone. Owing to the limited amplitude of articular displacement, a statistical study was required to retrieve the coordinates from the projection of these points on the X-ray film with an estimated threshold of significance of 0.1 and an error of +/- 0.1 mm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6671064 TI - Bilateral accessory digastric muscles. AB - Four aberrant muscles occurring in the submandibular region are described. Accessory digastric muscles were found lying in the submental triangle. All four muscles were attached to the mylohyoid raphe. On one side the anterior muscle ran to the mandible while the posterior muscle reached the hyoid bone. Three of these muscles (the exception being that attached to the mandible) fused with the ipsilateral anterior belly of digastric thus presenting an unusual bilateral arrangement. PMID- 6671063 TI - The mechanical role of the digital fibrous sheath: application to reconstructive surgery of the flexor tendons. AB - The movements of flexion of the digital articular chain are dependent upon a vast functional complex comprising the long flexor tendons, their antagonist long extensor tendons, and the coupled action of the interosseous and lumbricales muscles. Based on theoretical biomechanical data backed up by experimental investigation, the authors emphasize the important role of the digital fibrous sheath in the mechanism of action of the long flexor tendon. Any proximal resection (even of minor degree) of the proximal pulley of the digit induces severe mechanical disturbances by enhancing flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint to the detriment of the proximal interphalangeal joint. Conversely, distal resection of the pulley enhances flexion of the interphalangeal joint to the detriment of the metacarpophalangeal articulation, although the resulting abnormalities are less pronounced than those due to proximal resection. The fibrous pulley plays a role in tendinous orientation in the frontal plane and in digital orientation of the index finger where the angulation between the pulley and flexor tendon is most pronounced. In this latter case ulnar deviation of the second finger occurs on flexion. Reconstructive surgery of the long flexor tendons requires that the digital fibrous sheath, especially its proximal segment, be preserved. The metacarpophalangeal joint seems to be the most vulnerable to morphological modifications of the pulley, as stressed from the anatomical standpoint by the absence of insertion of the long flexor tendons on the proximal phalanx. PMID- 6671065 TI - Metabolic relations of serum lipids and lipoproteins in diabetic children. AB - Serum lipids and lipoproteins of 29 insulin dependent diabetic children have been determined and related to the metabolic status of the patients. The findings were compared to results obtained in 30 healthy children. The diabetic children showing unsatisfactory metabolic parameters had significantly higher total lipid and total triglyceride levels than did the healthy children (p less than 0.01). All diabetic children, independently of their metabolic status, exhibited an increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol level (p less than 0.01). On the other hand, high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels found in diabetics did not differ from normal values and showed no relationship with their metabolic status. Prevention of vascular complications of diabetes must be started in childhood by attentive care directed to all details of the pathomechanism. PMID- 6671066 TI - Assessment of skeletal age in the first year of life on basis of the caput humeri ossification centres. AB - A new procedure has been worked out to estimate skeletal maturity in infancy. The size of the caput humeri ossification centres was determined with the help of a pattern set from the antero-posterior chest roentgenogram. In each month of the first year of life 100 examinations were carried out and from their data percentile lines were constructed for every month of life. PMID- 6671067 TI - Testing of two score systems for the diagnosis of malnutrition. AB - Two score systems, one for the diagnosis of obesity and another for diagnosing undernutrition were tested in thirteen overweight and seven underweight children aged five years and preliminarily classified as malnourished. These score-systems included indicators grouped into three categories, those which evaluate total body mass changes (one-point group); those which assess fatness (two-point group); and those which assess fatness and/or body composition through complex indices (three-point group). Indicators such as Energy/Protein Index, AKS Index, Somatotype ratings, and Somatotype Dispersion Distances were included in the third group and played an important role in the final score. A subject was classified as malnourished if he reached 80% of the maximum possible score. According to these criteria, only six among the thirteen overweight children could be considered obese and none of the seven underweight ones could be classified as undernourished. Mild or moderate overweight or underweight may be misleading and an incorrect diagnosis of either obesity or undernutrition can be made if the possibility of constitutional corpulence or thinness is not taken into account. PMID- 6671068 TI - Effect of parenteral allopurinol treatment in critically ill children in need of intensive care. AB - Intravenous allopurinol was administered in a dose of 5-10 mg/kg daily with continuous control of the blood level of the drug and its active metabolite in 12 infants or children in critical condition resulting from various illnesses. Only one died of the patients who were all in shock and whose state stagnated or progressed in spite of the usual intensive therapy. The importance of hyperuricaemia before treatment is emphasized as this is a common characteristic of hypoxic states and through urate nephropathy it further aggravates the course of the illness. Allopurinol may exert its beneficial effect not only by decreasing hyperuricaemia, but also by preventing the loss of purines from the hypoxic cells of the ischaemic tissues by inhibition of xanthine oxidase and/or diminishing the cytotoxic superoxide radical production, the source of which is xanthine oxidase. PMID- 6671069 TI - Elevated risk of osteoarticular complications in children with acute Brucella melitensis infection. AB - Infection with brucella microorganisms is considered uncommon in the paediatric age group. We report nine paediatric patients between the ages of 8 to 17 years with acute Brucella melitensis infection, who presented with spiking fever, night sweats, anorexia and malaise for 5 to 60 days prior to diagnosis. Four patients developed various osteoarticular complications: migratory arthralgia, hydroarthrosis of the knees, arthritis and osteomyelitis. Therapy with tetracyclines alone or in combination with streptomycin resulted in complete recovery in eight children. This combination failed in one patient who developed severe osteoarticular disease successfully responding to rifampicin. Since infection of bone and joints leads to irreversible damage, early recognition and immediate management are crucial for recovery. Rifampicin might be of benefit in children with severe osteoarticular complications when the traditional anti brucella regimen fails. PMID- 6671070 TI - Dermatoglyphics in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome: a family study. AB - The dermatoglyphic findings in a Cuban family with the Saethre-Chotzen syndrome are reported. The family consisted of the parents who were first cousins and their three children. A new classification of zygodactylous patterns was used. Characteristic dermatoglyphic patterns which appeared in these cases were representative of the syndrome. Dermatoglyphics also helped to discover minor expressions of syndactyly and showed that all the members of the family had zygodactylous patterns on palms and soles. PMID- 6671071 TI - Effect of drugs used in obstetrics on the constriction by oxygen of the ductus arteriosus of the rabbit fetus. AB - The tone of the ductus arteriosus of the rabbit fetus near term constricted by oxygen (PO2 = 20 kPa) was relaxed reversibly by the drugs chlorpromazine, promethazine, drotaverine, papaverine, diazepam, propanidid, isoxsuprine, pethidine, 5-ethyl-5-(1-methyl-propyl) 2-thiobarbituric acid, and furosemide. Ethyl alcohol, on the other hand, caused constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus. These drugs if used in obstetrics may disturb the newborn's adaptation to extrauterine life by inhibiting the postnatal closure of the ductus arteriosus. On the other hand, the constrictive effect of alcohol may adversely affect the fetus. The results make it necessary to investigate the effect of the drugs applied during the perinatal period on the adaptation of newborns to extrauterine life. PMID- 6671072 TI - Renal abscess in infancy. AB - Renal abscess is a rare occurrence in infancy. Its differentiation from an infected renal cyst may be difficult, especially if a perinephric abscess develops. This report illustrates a hitherto unrecorded unusual presentation of renal abscess as a tumour arising from the left lumbocostal region in an infant. PMID- 6671073 TI - [Bilateral crossed visuomotor ataxia--a case report]. AB - We observed a 55 y.o. right-handed woman, who was suspected of splenium tumor (glioblastoma?) by CT scan and presented bilateral crossed visuomotor ataxia proposed by Rondot et al. Left unilateral apraxia and agraphia were not found, but left unilateral hemialexia was evident by tachistoscopic examinations. In regard to bilateral crossed visuomotor ataxia, we suggested that at least there might be three possible hypotheses about its realization mechanism. (1) Callosal lesion might disconnect heterotopical fibers which runs from one occipital lobe to another frontal lobe. (2) Integrated information of visual and proprioceptive inputs in the parieto-occipital regions could not be transferred mutually to other side of the brain. (3) Functional dissociation between visual perception of "moving" and that of "position" might be the cause of this symptom. Former could be transferred via subcallosal pathway, but latter not transferred due to the callosal lesion. Hypothesis (1) could not explain, at least, "positive aspects" of this symptom, and which hypothesis is most probable might not be decided at present, because anatomical evidence and patho-plastic mechanism are not yet clarified. PMID- 6671074 TI - [Spectral analysis of cerebrospinal fluid pulse wave]. AB - The change of the cerebrospinal pressure wave from during the continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure is often experienced. We supposed that this phenomenon would be the result of the change of transmission of spinal fluid pulse through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system. Our study was performed to determine the change of auto power spectrum of CSF pulse when CSF pressure was increased by the slow infusion of lactate linger solution. The spectrum of CSF pulse was found to be composed of four main waves; wave derived from the respiratory movement, fundamental wave of cardiac origin and its 2nd and 3rd harmonic waves. The power of waves derived from the cardiac beats were increased when CSF pressure was elevated by the slow infusion, but the degree of increment was larger in the fundamental wave than harmonic waves. Elevation of CSF pressure caused relative attenuation of the harmonic waves included in CSF pulse. From the result of this study we found that CSF system would have the function of "high cut filter" and its cut-off frequency was lowered by the slow infusion of lactate linger solution. PMID- 6671075 TI - [Evaluation of brain death by computed tomography]. AB - The absence of cerebral circulation and electrocerebral silence have served as an accurate index of irreversible brain death. It is proposed that computed tomography (CT) findings be evaluated as confirmatory criteria of brain death. To this end, CT evaluation of 14 patients satisfying the conventional criteria of brain death was performed. A.CT finding of severe compression or disappearance of the ventricular system, or so-called "brain tamponade", was seen in 7 (50%) of the 14 patients. Enhanced contrast CT, especially dynamic CT, usually distinctly reveals the cerebral vessels whenever the cerebral blood flow is preserved; conversely, the lack of enhanced brain structures, even comparing attenuation values, indicates the absence of cerebral blood flow. In 7 (70%) of 10 patients, however, there was enhanced contrast of vascular brain structures, especially the circle of Willis, major cerebral arteries, choroid plexuses, and venous sinuses. It is suggested that this result is due to the improvement of demonstrability by CT. The usefulness of CT in the confirmation of brain death lies in visualization of the pathological changes associated with a dead brain, such as "brain tamponade", and the lack of enhanced contrast indicating the absence of cerebral blood flow. The latter point is still problematic as angiography revealed an extremely low cerebral blood flow in a few cases of "dead brain" patients. It is recommended that cerebral blood flow in brain death be evaluated by dynamic CT scanning and correlated with other methods of cerebral blood flow determination (e.g., intravenous digital subtraction angiography). PMID- 6671076 TI - Iatrogenic factors in the management of glaucoma. PMID- 6671077 TI - Operative treatment of typhoid ileal perforation with omental patch: comparative study. PMID- 6671078 TI - Radiological interpretation in an accident and emergency department. PMID- 6671079 TI - Denol liquid and cimetidine twice daily in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. A preliminary study. PMID- 6671080 TI - Treatment of venous ulcers using variclene. PMID- 6671081 TI - Adenocarcinoma arising in a rectal duplication. PMID- 6671082 TI - A possible interaction between intravenous naloxone and hydrocortisone. PMID- 6671084 TI - A plastic bread-bag clip--cause of intermittent intestinal obstruction. PMID- 6671083 TI - Isolated gangrene of the appendix complicating intussusception. PMID- 6671085 TI - Liver disease in haemophiliacs: an overstated problem? AB - Successful percutaneous liver biopsy was carried out on 12 multi-transfused haemophiliacs from the Manchester area with persistently abnormal liver function tests. Only one patient showed evidence of chronic active hepatitis with progression to active micronodular cirrhosis although a further four patients showed some evidence of mild chronic active hepatitis. This represents a much lower incidence of severe histological liver damage than many previous reports and implies that liver biopsy in asymptomatic haemophiliacs may not be indicated as a routine procedure, particularly in the absence of proven therapy. Dynamic liver function tests may prove to be a useful indicator of deteriorating liver function in the otherwise asymptomatic haemophiliac. PMID- 6671086 TI - Inhibition of the in vitro formation of irreversibly sickled cells by cepharanthine. AB - A method was developed to prepare irreversibly sickled cells (ISC) in vitro under a physiological condition. By exposing sickle red cells to repeated deoxygenation reoxygenation cycles for 15 h at 37 degrees C, 20-30% of the red cells formed ISC. These cells were separated from biconcave-shaped cells by a gradient density centrifugation. The percentage of the formation of ISC was determined spectrophotometrically after cells were haemolysed. Cepharanthine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, was found to inhibit this in vitro formation of irreversibly sickled cells by 50% at 15 microns. This concentration was much lower than that required to inhibit the in vitro sickling. PMID- 6671087 TI - Effect of coumadin-induced coagulopoietin plasma on vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of liver microsomes. AB - Coumadin-treated rabbits have a humoral substance(s) (coagulopoietin) which is capable of elevating vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors when injected into recipient rabbits (Karpatkin & Karpatkin, 1973). Biologic levels of coagulation factors II, V, VII and X; immunologic levels of factors II and X; and vitamin K dependent liver microsomal carboxylase activity were measured in recipient rabbits receiving coumadin-induced coagulopoietin plasma. Factor II biologic activity increased 3.5-fold compared to the increase in immunologic activity. Factor X biologic activity increased 1.7-fold compared to the increase in immunologic activity. This indicates an increase in specific activity of factors II and X. Coumadin-induced coagulopoietin plasma had no effect on vitamin K dependent liver microsomal carboxylase activity in vitro. However, livers obtained from recipient animals treated with coumadin-induced coagulopoietin plasma enhanced their carboxylase activity (compared to control animals) 2.4-fold employing endogenous microsomal precursor for carboxylation, and 6.2-fold employing synthetic substrate, phe-leu-glu-glu-val. Thus, coumadin-induced coagulopoietin plasma enhances the biologic activity of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, and X as well as the ex vivo vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity of liver microsomes. PMID- 6671088 TI - Prognostic value of bone marrow plasma cell infiltration in stage I multiple myeloma. AB - We analysed for prognosis and response to chemotherapy a series of 48 consecutive stage I myeloma patients who were treated with melphalan and prednisone soon after diagnosis. It was found that the extent of bone marrow plasma cell infiltration had prognostic value, the survival of the patients with more than 50% plasma cells being significantly shorter (P less than 0.005) than that of the patients with less than 50% plasma cells. In the latter group, the observed number of deaths was so small (two cases) as to preclude any further analysis. In contrast, in the former group, a significant relationship between the response to chemotherapy and patients' survival (P less than 0.001) was demonstrated. We conclude that a prospective randomized trial of treatment versus no treatment is warranted in stage I patients who have a high risk of death (i.e. with a high bone marrow plasma cell infiltration) in order to establish whether chemotherapy prolongs the length of survival. PMID- 6671089 TI - The triplicated alpha-gene locus and heterozygous beta thalassaemia: a case of thalassaemia intermedia. PMID- 6671090 TI - Phenotypic manifestations of heterozygous non-deletion alpha-thalassaemia (alpha alpha/(alpha alpha)th) in Sardinians. PMID- 6671091 TI - Flunarizine treatment for spur cell anaemia. PMID- 6671092 TI - Relationship between corneal arcus and hyperlipidaemia is clarified by studies in familial hypercholesterolaemia. AB - In subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia for whom integrated exposure to hyperlipoproteinaemia can be determined, arcus development correlates with age rather than extent or pattern of hyperlipoproteinaemia. This permissive effect whereby arcus development becomes progressively time-dependent rather than dose dependent at increasing levels of hyperlipoproteinaemia may underlie difficulties in the interpretation of premature corneal arcus in less specific disorders. Arcus development is not apparently influenced by levels of high-density lipoprotein in plasma. PMID- 6671093 TI - Association between corneal arcus and some of the risk factors for coronary artery disease. AB - The relationships between coronary artery disease risk factors and corneal arcus were examined in 150 adults aged 55 years and above of both sexes and from different ethnic origins. The width of the corneal arcus was measured accurately by a digitiser, and the risk factors for coronary artery disease were examined according to the standard procedure used by the Lipid Research Clinics. The results show that the corneal arcus is more frequent in males; the frequency and size of corneal arcus are positively associated with age; there is a positive correlation between the size of corneal arcus and the levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein in males; and that there is negative correlation between corneal arcus and diastolic blood pressure in both sexes. No associations were found between corneal arcus and other coronary artery disease risk factors such as triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, weight, Quetelet's ratio, glucose, and smoking. PMID- 6671094 TI - Effect of hypothermic perfusion on corneal endothelial morphology. AB - The effect of moderate in-vivo hypothermic perfusion on corneal endothelial integrity was studied in the cat. Eleven cats underwent in-vivo anterior chamber perfusion for 30 minutes with either normothermic (23 degrees C) or hypothermic (5 degrees C) perfusate. Corneas were then evaluated clinically (biomicroscopy), functionally (vital staining), and morphologically (scanning electron microscopy) for changes attributable to hypothermic perfusion. All 3 modes of evaluation suggested no difference in corneal endothelial integrity under the 2 experimental perfusion conditions. At the clinical and scanning electron microscope levels hypothermic perfusion does not show any effects on the corneal endothelium. Regional hypothermia is of theoretical and potential utility in procedures involving prolonged intraocular perfusion. PMID- 6671095 TI - Ocular hypothermia: anterior chamber perfusion. AB - The anterior chambers of 27 rabbit eyes were perfused at constant pressure with room temperature (25 degrees C) or cooled (11 degrees C) balanced salt solution at constant flow rates of 4.8 ml/min or 8.5 ml/min. Intraocular temperature changes in the anterior chamber, anterior vitreous, mid vitreous, and posterior vitreous and on the retina surface were monitored with an intraocular thermocouple probe. Perfusion of the anterior chamber of the pigmented rabbit eye with cooled fluid significantly reduced the temperature of the anterior chamber and anterior vitreous and even that of the retina. Both an increase in the rate of perfusion and a lowering of the perfusion temperature enhanced the cooling effect. The observed decrease in temperatures returned to approximately normal 4 minutes following the cessation of perfusion. PMID- 6671096 TI - Educating the glaucoma patient. AB - Forty-nine patients with open-angle glaucoma and 32 controls were studied at each of 2 medical centres, one in California and one in England. A 12-point questionnaire was answered before, immediately after, and 6 months after viewing a 6 minute video film about glaucoma. The English glaucoma patients and controls showed lower initial knowledge than their American counterparts. Immediately after the film all groups had substantially improved their knowledge by answering 78-88% of the questions correctly. Recall study showed that both American groups had retained more than their British counterparts and that glaucoma patients retained more knowledge of their disease than did controls. The use of an educational video film in an outpatient setting is a simple and economical method of patient education applicable to both American and British subjects with open angle glaucoma. PMID- 6671097 TI - A comparative study of visual field defects seen in patients with low-tension glaucoma and chronic simple glaucoma. AB - In a study comparing the visual field defects of patients with chronic simple and low-tension glaucoma differences in the nature of the defect were found between the 2 groups. Patients with low-tension glaucoma had far 'steeper sided' defects than those seen in chronic simple glaucoma (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6671098 TI - Identification of glaucomatous visual field defects from examination of monocular photographs of the optic disc. AB - A study was carried out of monocular disc photographs from 33 eyes for which the visual fields on both static profile and kinetic perimetry has been performed. Physical signs looked for at the optic disc included thinning of the neuroretinal rim, angulation of retinal vessels, extension of laminar dots, undercutting of the neuroretinal rim, and absence and pallor of the neuroretinal rim. These signs together proved more accurate than kinetic Goldmann perimetry in identifying the presence of glaucomatous visual field defect. Of these signs angulation of the retinal vessels was the one most consistently present. PMID- 6671100 TI - Presumed metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the choroids. AB - Ocular metastases from urinary tract carcinoma are extremely rare. Three previous cases of choroidal metastases from transitional cell carcinoma from the urinary bladder have been described, as have 2 cases of orbital metastases from bladder carcinoma. This is believed to be the first reported case of choroidal metastasis from transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a 50-year-old female patient. The tumour, despite the absence of extension beyond the pelvic wall, showed disseminated metastases that proved resistant to chemotherapy. The fluorescein angiographic and ultrasonographic findings are described and the literature is briefly reviewed. PMID- 6671099 TI - Solitary choroidal mass as the presenting sign in systemic sarcoidosis. AB - A solitary choroidal mass with an overlying neurosensory retinal detachment was seen in an otherwise healthy 25-year-old Caucasian female. Ocular and general physical examinations, serum chemistry, and pathological examination of a lymph node biopsy confirmed sarcoidosis as the cause for the choroidal mass. Treatment with systemic steroids resulted in resolution of the lesion and return of normal visual acuity. PMID- 6671101 TI - Role of contact lenses in the management of congenital nystagmus. AB - Congenital idiopathic nystagmus is usually associated with poor vision which has generally proved resistant to treatment. This study reports the use of contact lenses in 8 patients, 5 of whom achieved an improvement in their visual acuity of 3 lines on the Snellen's chart. PMID- 6671102 TI - Eye injuries in organised sport in a rural area. AB - Eye injuries in sport are a continuing preventable problem. An investigation into sport injuries in rural Ireland shows hurling to be the most dangerous pastime, and this is compared and contrasted with other local games. Forty-five consecutive injuries sustained in organised sport requiring admission to hospital over a 4-year period were studied. 40% were due to hurling. Over three-quarters of the 45 patients recovered 6/6 vision or better. The costs to the community of such eye injuries are discussed. PMID- 6671103 TI - Orbital laceration caused by a blast of water: report of 2 cases. AB - Two cases of orbital injuries caused by the jet of water from an irrigation sprinkler are described; they were of a type not previously reported. The jet of water, possessing high kinetic energy, stretched the orbital tissues and resulted in a rupture which followed the anatomical seams. Thus there was no bleeding, but oedema was present. The eyeball was also injured. PMID- 6671104 TI - Concordance among self-regulated responses: is self-regulatory ability a psychophysiological "trait"? AB - The purposes of this study were to examine whether or not self-regulation of physiological responses demonstrates day-to-day reliability, to determine the degree of individual subject consistency (or concordance) in the ability to self regulate across several different physiological responses, and, finally, to explore the impact of biofeedback training on interresponse concordance. Twenty normal subjects participated in six bidirectional self-regulation sessions-the first and last sessions involving instructions only, and the remainder, biofeedback. Self-regulation scores consisted of the absolute difference between increase and decrease trial means. The average test-retest reliability coefficients (rs) for the self-regulation scores, across the four biofeedback sessions, were a highly significant .50, .68, .30, and .47 for EEG, EMG, HR, and SCL, respectively. By contrast, the average concordance among the self-regulation scores for the four feedback sessions, estimated by Kendall's coefficient of concordance, was a marginally significant 39% of the possible variance of the rank sums. This corresponds to an average between-response rs value only of .19. The concordance level from the initial no-feedback (i.e., instructions only) session was not significant. Multivariate concordance levels did increase during the first three feedback sessions, but declined at the fourth, and again was nonsignificant during the final no-feedback session. Among the individual self regulation response pairings, only the EEG/EMG combination was consistently associated during the no-feedback sessions. The present results suggest that self regulatory ability is neither a highly unitary "trait"-like phenomenon nor an entirely response-specific event, but may vary considerably as a function of subject factors, or the situational circumstances, under which it is measured. PMID- 6671105 TI - Cognitive and physiologic responses to EMG biofeedback and three types of pseudofeedback during a muscular relaxation task. AB - Four groups of normal human subjects were tested for their ability to reduce frontal muscle tension levels during presentation of veridical auditory biofeedback or auditory pseudofeedback. A double-blind methodology was used. Three groups of subjects assigned to the pseudofeedback conditions received a feedback signal that was not contingent on EMG activity but that followed one of three different patterns. One group received a truly random signal, the second received a signal that gradually increased in frequency (apparent failure), and the third received a signal that gradually decreased in frequency (apparent success). Dependent measures included both physiologic (frontal and neck EMG) and subjective reactions to the relaxation task. The different patterns of pseudofeedback did produce reliably different subjective responses, suggesting that the manipulations succeeded in producing unequal nonspecific effects that were unrelated to the feedback contingency specifically. However, these differential subjective effects were not strongly reflected in the physiologic responses since the differences in EMG levels among the four groups did not differ significantly at any stage of training. An analysis of the integrity of the double-blind procedure showed that although experimenters were effectively kept blind to group assignment, subjects' responding suggested a response bias as well as the possibility that the double-blind was breached. The utility of the double-blind methodology in biofeedback experiments is discussed and suggestions for future research are offered. PMID- 6671106 TI - Blood volume pulse biofeedback in the treatment of migraine headache: a controlled evaluation. AB - In order to evaluate the specific effects of blood volume pulse (BVP) biofeedback in the treatment of migraine headaches, 21 female migraine patients were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: temporal artery constriction feedback, temporal artery dilation feedback, or waiting list. Biofeedback training consisted of 15 sessions over an 8-week period. All patients completed 5 weeks of daily self-monitoring of headache activity and medication before and after treatment. Results showed that constriction and dilation biofeedback were equally effective in controlling migraines and produced greater benefits than the waiting-list condition. No significant relationships were found between therapeutic gains and BVP self-regulation skills. However, further analyses revealed that changes in headache activity and medication were associated with changes in vasomotor variability. The current rationale for the use of BVP biofeedback in the treatment of migraine is questioned and a new one is proposed. PMID- 6671107 TI - Self-control: refinement of a construct. AB - Previous efforts, on a theoretical/model building level, refined the construct "self-control" into four quadrants: (1) positive assertive (active control), (2) positive yielding (letting-go control), (3) negative assertive (over-control), and (4) negative yielding (too little control). To test the discreteness of the four quadrants, 706 individuals, the majority in health and healing professions, from nine cities across the United States, responded to prompt words designed to assess each quadrant. A factor analysis provided partial concurrent validation, and the results revealed information about the semantic structure of self control, as well as personal characteristics associated with self-control. Further, mean tabulations showed not only cultural bias (i.e., high self-control was associated almost exclusively with Quadrant 1, but also sex role bias (i.e., low self-control for a man was most often associated with Quadrant 3, negative assertiveness, and for a woman was most often associated with Quadrant 4 negative yielding). Clinical implications of these findings in terms of developing a self control assessment inventory for matching self-control strategy to an individual with a particular clinical problem are discussed, and guidelines and suggestions for further research are offered. PMID- 6671109 TI - Learned helplessness and the facilitation of biofeedback performance. AB - The present article reports the results of two studies, which, taken together, support the hypothesis that learned helplessness resulting in effort cessation, while detrimental to performance on cognitive tasks, is actually facilitative to performance in a biofeedback relaxation task. Data are presented indicating that false failure feedback leads to the typically reported decrement in performance on a cognitive arithmetic task, while such feedback leads to enhanced performance in biofeedback relaxation. Self-report data suggest that this occurs because when subjects encounter failure, they revise their expectancies of future success downward and consequently plan to exert less effort. Reduction of effort is proposed as the common mechanism underlying the contrast in results between the arithmetic and biofeedback tasks. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the way in which theories of self-efficacy and learned helplessness are commonly interpreted. PMID- 6671108 TI - The relative efficacy of autogenic phrases and autogenic-feedback training in teaching hand warming to children. AB - There are few well-controlled biofeedback temperature training studies in the literature that have used children as subjects. The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate whether children can learn to increase hand temperature, controlling for methodological factors that have been overlooked in previous experiments, and (2) to determine whether adding thermal biofeedback to autogenic phrases results in improved ability to produce voluntary increases in hand temperature over the use of autogenic phrases alone. Twenty-six subjects (ages 9 11) were divided into two groups of 13 subjects each. All subjects participated in four 35 to 45-minute sessions consisting of a stabilization phase, a training phase, and a post-training phase on 4 consecutive days. One group was trained to increase finger temperature with autogenic phrases only, and the other was trained with autogenic phrases plus thermal feedback. None of the subjects in either group learned to increase hand temperature significantly within sessions. There was a consistent and reliable decreasing trend within each session; however, finger temperature did increase (.27 degrees F) for the first 8 minutes of the training phase. There was a significant increase in hand temperature from day 1 to days 3 and 4, and there were significant increases in temperature during the stabilization phase alone. There were no differential effects of treatments. Methodological issues concerning stabilization, the potential confounding effect of boredom and fatigue, and different training methods for children are discussed. PMID- 6671110 TI - An alternative perspective on biofeedback efficacy studies: a reply to Steiner and Dince. AB - Clinical applications of biofeedback have proliferated and considerable lore surrounding the application of these techniques has evolved. Many assertions about the effectiveness of biofeedback training are based on findings of the least well-controlled studies, while many of the better controlled studies have failed to show that biofeedback directly mediates target symptoms or is superior to other treatments. Steiner and Dince (1981) suggest that the failure of these controlled studies is primarily attributable to methodological deficiencies. We believe that the question of whether or not there is a specific effect of biofeedback training is still frequently confused with the question of whether or not the treatment package as a whole has therapeutic value. Biofeedback is often therapeutic; however, evidence is often lacking that its effectiveness is due to biofeedback-trained changes in a target physiological process. PMID- 6671112 TI - [Mechanism of post-synthetic changes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in human cells cultured in vitro]. AB - The reasons for the decreased stability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in transformed human cells were investigated. The enzyme stability was found to be dependent on its subunit composition; the dimeric form possessed a lower stability in comparison with the tetrameric one. An addition of NADP to cell extracts which had partly lost their glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, resulted in reactivation and stabilization of the enzyme. The constants for a forward (k1) and back (k2) reactions during stabilization are equal to 2.87 X 10( 3) and 5.77 X 10(-1) s-1, respectively. The inactivation and reactivation kinetics suggest that the enzyme destabilization may also occur inside the cells. The cells contain more than 40% of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase molecules in an inactive form. A mechanism of destabilization and inactivation of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase is proposed, which consists in NADP hydrolysis and enzyme decomposition to inactive monomers which are less stable to proteolysis. PMID- 6671111 TI - Differential left hemisphere activation during the voluntary control of skin resistance level. AB - Sixteen dextral subjects were presented auditory feedback (FBK) in the form of clicks, the frequency of which was inversely proportional to the sum of the skin resistance levels (SRLs) of the two hands. The FBK was presented in a two-ear changeover paradigm: FBK was presented for 10 minutes to one ear while a white noise masking stimulus was presented to the other; the ears of FBK and masking stimulus presentation were then reversed. Subjects were instructed to decrease the frequency of the clicking. An increase in the SRL of each hand was used as a measure of the activation of the contralateral hemisphere. Significant increases in right-hand SRL (on the order of 40% of baseline) were seen following FBK and obtained regardless of the ear to which FBK was presented, the order of FBK presentation, or the sex of the subjects. Also seen were small-magnitude changes in left-hand SRL, which were not statistically significant. These findings indicate that the left hemisphere was differentially active during acquisition of inhibitory control of SRL in dextrals receiving auditory FBK. Clinical implications of this finding are discussed. PMID- 6671113 TI - [Content, intensity of exchange, and metabolic interaction of phospholipids and glycolipids in various tissues in experimental diabetes]. AB - The contents of individual gangliosides in various tissues (e. g. heart, skeletal muscles, liver, brain, kidney, spleen, pancreas) under normal conditions and in alloxan diabetes as well as the incorporation of 1-14C-stearate into the phospholipid, glyceride and total ganglioside fractions were studied. The oxidation of 14C-fatty acid and the activities of neuraminidase and lipase in these tissues were determined. It was found that diabetes is concomitant with a marked decrease of the content and exchange of gangliosides, which is paralleled with activation of neuraminidase. The incorporation of 14C-stearate in the sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine fractions is significantly decreased, while that in the cardiolipin fraction is increased 1.5 - 2-fold. The oxidation of 14C stearate is also increased, the degree of this increase being tissue-specific. PMID- 6671114 TI - [Quantitative distribution and partial identification of actin-like protein in rat liver mitochondria]. AB - A comparative study of the primary structure of a mitochondrial polypeptide (Mr = 42000), using a peptide mapping technique, has demonstrated its similarity to actin, especially to that isolated from smooth muscle. The actin-like protein content in liver mitochondria is 2%. The protein is readily removed from the organelles but remains tightly bound to the mitochondria after addition of the high molecular weight compound polyvinylpyrrolidone to the isolation medium. The data obtained are discussed in terms of conservative structure of the action molecule. PMID- 6671115 TI - [Isolation from Micrococcus sp. n. of a homogeneous heme-containing catalase and a crystalline protein with catalase activity]. AB - A method for isolation and purification of catalases from the culture of Micrococcus sp. n. grown under aeration conditions is described. Heme-containing catalase (I) and the protein possessing a catalase activity (II) were separated by fractionation with ammonium sulfate. The specific activity of the highly purified protein causing degradation of H2O2 is 200 times less than that of the heme-containing enzyme. The molecular weights of catalases I and II as determined by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel gradient 4/30% are 240000 and 130000, respectively. The method described is designed at rapid isolation of preparative amounts of catalases from Micrococcus sp. n. PMID- 6671116 TI - [3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in the liver mitochondria of rats and chickens]. AB - The activity of mitochondrial 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30) in rat and chicken liver was found to be comparable with the activity of electron transport chain of rat liver mitochondria. This activity is absent in chicken liver mitochondria, which are devoid of the 3-hydroxybutyrate oxidase activity. Both types of mitochondria have nearly identical respiration parameters but respond differently to Mg2+. It was assumed that chicken liver mitochondria are characterized by a low rate of fatty acids oxidation due to the absence of 3 hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in these organelles. PMID- 6671117 TI - [Interrelation between the available boundary lipids in the bacterial membrane and the respiratory chain function]. AB - In order to establish a possible correlation between the expression of the boundary lipid and the NADH-oxidase activity, the temperature dependences of the membranes of bacteria grown at 14 and 38 degrees C were investigated. The Tmelt. for the boundary lipid determined by comparing the excimerization parameters of the fluorescent probe pyrene in the vicinity of the proteins and in the total lipid phase was directly correlated with Tgrowth. A similar temperature dependence was observed with the NADH-oxidase activity, i. e. inhibition of activity at T greater than Tmelt. coincided with the disappearance of the boundary lipid. Incorporation of a cis-unsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acid) into the membranes markedly decreased the structural heterogeneity of membrane lipids and caused a simultaneous inhibition of the NADH-oxidase activity. No structural-functional changes were observed in the case of saturated fatty acids (stearic acid). It was assumed that the presence of boundary lipids in the membrane is essential for the normal functioning of the multienzyme system of the respiratory chain. Presumably, the state of the immediate lipid environment controls the function of the micrococcal respiratory chain at the level of interaction between the carriers in the membrane. PMID- 6671118 TI - Robust estimation of population size in closed animal populations from capture recapture experiments. AB - In this paper the problem of finding robust estimators of population size in closed K-sample capture-recapture experiments is considered. Particular attention is paid to models where heterogeneity of capture probabilities is allowed. First, a general estimation procedure is given which does not depend on any assumptions about the form of the distribution of capture probabilities. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the usefulness of the generalized jackknife technique to reduce bias. Numerical comparisons of the bias and variance of various estimators are given. Finally, a general discussion is given with several recommendations on estimators to be used in practice. PMID- 6671119 TI - What price Kaplan-Meier? AB - The asymptotic efficiency of the Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator, relative to the maximum likelihood estimator of a parametric survival function, is examined under a random-censoring model. PMID- 6671120 TI - On constrained balance randomization for clinical trials. AB - A method is proposed for calculating the probabilities of assignment of a patient to treatments; it involves minimizing a quadratic criterion subject to a balance constraint. The optimal probabilities are very easy to compute. Numerical illustration is given and comparisons are drawn with the entropy-based methods of Klotz (1978, Biometrics 34, 283-287). PMID- 6671121 TI - Optimal crossover designs in the presence of carryover effects. AB - Under either the random patient-effect model with sequence effects or the fixed patient-effect model, the usual two-period, two-treatment crossover design, AB,BA, cannot be used to estimate the contrast between direct treatment effects when unequal carryover effects are present. If baseline observations are available, the design AB,BA can validly be used to estimate a treatment contrast. However, the design AB,BA,AA,BB with baseline observations is more efficient. In fact, we show that this design is optimal whether or not baseline observations are available. For experiments with more than two periods, universally optimal designs are found for both models, with and without carryover effects. It is shown that uncertainty about the presence of carryover effects is of little or no consequence, and the addition of baseline observations is of little or no added value for designs with three or more periods; however, if the experiment is limited to only two periods the investigator pays a heavy penalty. PMID- 6671122 TI - Regression analysis of cytopathological data. PMID- 6671123 TI - Biostatistical science as a discipline: a look into the future. AB - The field of biostatistics is enjoying unparalleled developments. Never before have members of our profession been in such demand. Current applications are significantly influencing the direction of research in statistical methodology. It is not clear whether there is a discipline which can be termed 'biostatistics', but we are part of the emergence of a discipline which is termed 'biostatistical science'. It refers to the applications of statistics, probability, computing and mathematics to the life sciences, with the goal of advancing our knowledge of a subject-matter field in this area. This paper discusses the role of computing, some aspects of training, and future directions of biostatistical science. A special role is envisioned for the Biometric Society to be more active in problems associated with developing countries. PMID- 6671124 TI - The univariate generalized Waring distribution in relation to accident theory: proneness, spells or contagion? AB - The univariate generalized Waring distribution (UGWD) was derived by Irwin [1968, 1975, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 131, 205-225 and 138, 18 31 (Part I), 204-227 (Part II), 374-384 (Part III)] as the distribution of accidents of an 'accident prone' population exposed to variable risk. This paper considers two further derivations of the UGWD in the context of accidents; these are based on a 'contagion' hypothesis and a 'spells' hypothesis, respectively. Both models assume that individuals are exposed to varying environmental risk. The problem of distinguishing between the three models is considered and some examples are given. PMID- 6671125 TI - Low-dose-rate extrapolation using the multistage model. AB - The distribution of the maximum likelihood estimates of virtually safe levels of exposure to environmental chemicals is derived by using large-sample theory and Monte Carlo simulation according to the Armitage-Doll multistage model. Using historical dose-response we develop a set of 33 two-stage models upon which we base our conclusions. The large-sample distributions of the virtually safe dose are normal for cases in which the multistage-model parameters have nonzero expectation, and are skewed in other cases. The large-sample theory does not provide a good approximation of the distribution observed for small bioassays when Monte Carlo simulation is used. The constrained nature of the multistage model parameters leads to bimodal distributions for small bioassays. The two modes are the direct result of estimating the linear parameter in the multistage model; the lower mode results from estimating this parameter to be nonzero, and the upper mode from estimating it to be zero. The results of this research emphasize the need for incorporation of the biological theory in the model selection process. PMID- 6671126 TI - Estimation in Markov models from aggregate data. AB - In this paper, situations in which individuals move through a finite set of states according to a continuous-time Markov process are considered. Only aggregate data are available: these consist of the number of individuals in each state at specified observation times. We develop conditional least squares and approximate maximum-likelihood-estimation procedures for time-homogeneous models, and extend the methods so that they can handle immigration of individuals into the system during observation. Asymptotic covariance estimates are presented, and some problems for future study are noted. PMID- 6671127 TI - Further results on a multiple-testing procedure for clinical trials. AB - O'Brien and Fleming (1979, Biometrics 35, 549-556) proposed a procedure for multiple testing in clinical trials for acute disease. We evaluated their procedure for chronic-disease models and found that it can be used without modification. Type I errors are unaltered and no loss of power is seen in comparison with single-sample procedures. However, average savings in sample size are less for the chronic-disease models than for the acute model. Finally, it is shown that for any specific disease model and fixed maximum number of inspections of the data, the percentage reduction in sample size can be readily predicted from the power. PMID- 6671128 TI - Estimating morbidity risks with variable age of onset: review of methods and a maximum likelihood approach. AB - Various methods for the estimation of morbidity risk in a disease with late variable onset are described, along with a maximum likelihood approach. It is shown that the Stromgren estimator is nearly as efficient as the maximum likelihood estimator when the true risk is low, but may be significantly less efficient for high morbidity risks. The maximum likelihood estimator offers greater protection against risk estimates greater than or equal to 1, and for small samples, may also be less biased than the Stromgren estimator, especially when risk is high. For reasonable sample sizes both estimates are nearly unbiased. The modified Stromgren estimator is too biased, in general, to be practical. Methods for comparing morbidity risks are also described. If an age-of onset distribution is estimated from the same sample as morbidity risk, a single maximum likelihood procedure is advocated. The methods are applied to a data set on major affective disorder. The sensitivity of morbidity-risk estimates and tests of hypotheses to the form of onset function assumed is examined. PMID- 6671129 TI - The statistical comparison of relative survival rates. AB - A statistical procedure for comparing the survival of two or more groups of patients adjusted for normal mortality expectation, i.e. for calculating relative survival, is proposed. The method is shown to correspond to some commonly used procedures for comparing unadjusted survival; it provides an improvement over these procedures in many situations, even when the normal mortality expectations for the patient groups are the same. An example of its use is given. PMID- 6671130 TI - Some distribution properties of the sample species-diversity indices and their applications. AB - In the area of ecological research the study of species diversity of a community or population seems to have been fully developed. However, the problem of how the distributions and expectations of the sample diversity indices are affected by the population diversity has received little attention. In this paper we show that if the diversities of the communities can be partially ordered through majorization as proposed by Solomon [1979, in Ecological Diversity in Theory and Practice, J. F. Grassle, G. P. Patil, W. K. Smith and C. Taillie (eds), 29-35, Fairland, Maryland: International Co-operative Publishing House], and if the sample sizes remain the same, then the sample diversity indices can be stochastically ordered when the samples are selected at random from the communities either with or without replacement. We also show that, when the sample size becomes large, the sample diversity indices are asymptotically normally distributed. These results can be applied for comparing the diversities of the communities on the basis of the samples, and they yield certain desirable monotonicity properties. PMID- 6671131 TI - Direct quantitative determinations by multiple metastable peak monitoring. 1- Warfarin in plasma. AB - A technique for the direct quantitative determination of plasma warfarin concentrations has been developed using multiple metastable peak monitoring on a double focusing mass spectrometer of normal geometry. The method uses a direct insertion probe and requires no sample purification or derivatization. Deuterated warfarin was added as an internal standard, and the first field free region metastable fragmentations for the loss of an acetyl radical from the molecular ion of both warfarin and internal standard were monitored. These independent daughter ions were focused by a simple combination of linking the magnetic and electric sectors, accelerating voltage switching and selected ion monitoring using standard instrumentation. Results were acquired and processed by normal selected ion monitoring software. Repeated determinations of plasma warfarin concentrations were made with plasma extracts representing approximately 4 microliter of plasma, each sample taking two minutes to process by this technique. PMID- 6671132 TI - The assessment of a plasma melatonin assay using gas chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AB - It has been shown that negative ion chemical ionization can increase the sensitivity of the mass spectrometric assay of the pineal hormone melatonin. However, it is an exacting assay requiring extensive sample preparation which precludes its use as a general research tool. We have investigated different derivatizing reagents and reaction conditions to demonstrate that a simple negative ion chemical ionization assay can be developed which will measure low picogram or even femtogram levels of the hormone in samples where the data have been ambiguous. PMID- 6671133 TI - Inhibition of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase by various 5-alkylated derivatives of 1-beta-arabinofuranosyluracil 5'-triphosphate: substituent effects on inhibitory action. AB - Inhibitory effects of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil 5'-triphosphate (ara-UTP) and its 5-alkylated derivatives [1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylthymine 5'-triphosphate (ara-TTP): 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-ethyluracil 5'-triphosphate (ara-EtUTP); 1 beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5'-propyluracil 5'-triphosphate (ara-PrUTP); 1-beta-D arabinofuranosyl-5-butyluracil 5'-triphosphate (ara-BuUTP)] on the activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase (TdT) from calf thymus were examined. All these compounds inhibited TdT activity by competition with the natural substrate dTTP for the same substrate-binding site of the enzymes. The extent of inhibition by the inhibitor, however, decreased by introducing an alkyl group on the 5 position of the uracil nucleus, indicating the importance of inductive and steric effects of the 5-substituents on TdT. Of the four 5-alkylated ara-UTP's, ara EtUTP was less inhibitory to TdT than the other compounds, and the potency of inhibition was restored by replacing 5-ethyl group with longer propyl or butyl group, suggesting that the hydrophobic effects of these 5-alkyl side chains are involved in the inhibitory action of the compounds. The results are compared and discussed with those of our previous report on the inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha and beta by these 5-alkylated ara-UTP's (Ono et al., 1981). PMID- 6671134 TI - Correlation between blood granulocyte progenitor cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. A tentative pathophysiological subgrouping of neutropenic and neutrophilic patients. AB - Blood granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) were studied in 116 normal, 32 neutropenic and 22 neutrophilic subjects through a double layer agar culture system. The neutropenic group showed significantly lower than normal mean value of CFU-GM per ml of blood, the blood concentration of CFU-GM being within normal limits in 25/32 subjects (78.1%). The neutrophilic group showed significantly higher than normal mean value of blood CFU-GM, and a normal blood concentration of CFU-GM was found in 17/22 patients (77.3%). Within the neutropenic group the concentration of blood CFU-GM was lower than normal in 5/11 (45.4%) patients with less than 1.1 x 10(9) polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and only in 2/21 (9.5%) patients with more than 1.1 x 10(9)/1 PMN. Within the neutrophilic group the concentration of blood CFU-GM was normal in all 12 subjects having less than 10.5 x 10(9)/1 PMN, while 5/10 (50%) patients with more than 10.5 x 10(9)/1 PMN had higher than normal blood concentration of CFU-GM. The mean leukocyte CSA of the normal, neutropenic and neutrophilic groups did not differ significantly. Within the neutropenic group the CSA was lower than normal in 3/11 (27%) patients with less than 1.1 x 10(9)/1 PMN and in 2/20 (10%) patients with more than 1.1 x 10(9)/1 PMN. Within the neutrophilic group the CSA was normal in all patients with less than 10.5 x 10(9)/1 PMN and it was higher than normal in 2/10 (20%) patients with more than 10.5 x 10(9)/1 PMN. A pathophysiological approach to both neutropenia and neutrophilia, according to PMN and CFU-GM blood concentration, is discussed. PMID- 6671135 TI - [Phagocytic activity of monocytes tin glomerulonephritis in complete remission]. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) account for a majority of GN. Their pathogenicity depends on size, molecular composition, glomerular hemodynamics and activity of phagocytes. The phagocytic function of peripheral monocytes was studied in 23 patients with non-systemic active GN and in 16 GN in complete remission. Phagocytic activity of peripheral blood monocytes was assessed in vitro, by calculating phagocytic index (IP: number of zymozan particles in each monocyte) and phagocytosis percentage (PP: number of phagocyting monocytes); the tests were carried out on autologous and heterologous serum samples. In 13 controls, PP was 79 +/- 5.8%. In 7 membranous GN, 6 membranoproliferative GN and 10 lipoid nephrosis, PP was severely decreased, 63.4 +/- 9.6%, 52.1 +/- 19% and 52.2 +/- 14%. In each group of GN, these results were significantly different from controls (p less than 0.01). In all groups these results were similar in autologous and heterologous serum samples (55 +/- 13% and 57.5 +/- 16%; NS). This perturbation was not observed in GN in complete remission. Therefore, this defect was not linked to the presence of serum inhibitors. In conclusion, alterations of phagocytic activity is present in some primary active GN and may explain an insufficient rate of CIC removal. PMID- 6671138 TI - Toxic leukoplakia of the conjunctiva. PMID- 6671136 TI - Interaction of [3H] estradiol - and [3H] monohydroxytamoxifen-estrogen receptor complexes with a monoclonal antibody. AB - The aim of this study was to compare and contrast the interaction of estrogen [( 3H]17 beta-estradiol)- or antiestrogen [( 3H]monohydroxytamoxifen)-receptor complexes from human breast tumor cytosols with monoclonal antibodies raised to the human breast tumor estrogen receptor. Breast tumor cytosols containing estrogen receptor which sedimented as radiolabeled peaks in either the 8S, 8S and 4S, or 4S regions of sucrose density gradients, interacted with the monoclonal antibody D547 to produce a broad 9-10S peak, a broad 8S-10S peak, or a more discrete 8S peak, respectively. On high salt (0.4M KC1) sucrose density gradients the 4S ligand-receptor complex plus antibody produced a binding peak at approximately the 8S region of the gradient. These sedimentation studies with the monoclonal antibody D547, and similar studies with the monoclonal antibody D58, could detect no differences in the cytosolic estrogen receptor whether complexed with [3H]estradiol or with [3H]monohydroxytamoxifen. These observations were confirmed by Scatchard equilibrium saturation analysis and sucrose density gradient analysis of cytosols from the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. The antibody D547 interacted with 8S ER from these cytosols to produce a broad 8S-10S peak, but the antibody produced no change in the affinity or number of binding sites present in these cytosols. It seems, therefore, that the antigenic determinants recognized by these particular antibodies on the breast tumor cytosolic receptor are not significantly altered by the binding of either an estrogen or an antiestrogen to the receptor. PMID- 6671137 TI - Assessment of mitogenesis of the hormone-responsive NMU rat mammary tumor grown in culture in soft agar, using 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. AB - We have recently shown that the soft agar clonogenic assay is suitable for growing the hormone-responsive N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) rat mammary tumor and for evaluating the factors affecting its growth. In order to improve our assessment of tumor mitogenesis beyond simple colony counting, we have validated and characterized in our system the use of 3H-thymidine (3H-ThD) incorporation of DNA. In time-course studies, we observed that in most tumors an initial peak of 3H-ThD uptake occurred on day 1 after plating followed by a decline in counts on day 2 and a second peak on day 3. 3H-ThD incorporation was markedly diminished on day 4 and 6 when maximal colony formation occurred. In experiments where NMU rat mammary tumors were plated at different cell concentrations, we observed that increasing the number of cells plated resulted in a parallel increase in counts on day 1 and colonies on day 6. Overall, a highly significant correlation was observed between 3H-ThD uptake and colony formation (r = 0.86, p less than 0.001). These results demonstrate that the 3H-ThD incorporation assay is a fast and effective method for assessing mitogenesis of hormone-responsive NMU mammary tumors grown in the soft agar clonogenic assay. PMID- 6671139 TI - [Specular microscope study of the relation between endothelial cell loss and the time of irrigation-aspiration during extracapsular cataract extraction]. PMID- 6671140 TI - Lensectomy and partial anterior vitrectomy in congenital cataract. PMID- 6671141 TI - Simultaneous ERG-VER recording: statistical study. PMID- 6671142 TI - [Polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine collyrium]. PMID- 6671143 TI - Effects of glucocorticoid hormones on lipid-synthetic enzymes from different adipose tissue regions and from liver. AB - The regional diversity of adipose tissue is dramatically accentuated in states of glucocorticoid excess, in which certain fat depots expand, while others contract. We have studied the molecular basis of this redistribution by determining the activity of fatty acid synthetase and enzymes catalyzing di- and tri-acylglycerol synthesis, in subcellular fractions from four adipose depots of rats injected with dexamethasone and from interscapular and epididymal adipocyte precursors after addition of either dexamethasone or corticosterone to confluent monolayers in secondary culture. Subcellular fractions from cervical and interscapular adipose tissue, as well as from cultured interscapular precursors, revealed a general increase in specific enzyme activity. The opposite trend was observed for retroperitoneal and epididymal fat tissue, as well as cultured epididymal precursors. Fatty acid synthetase and cytosolic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase appeared to be most responsive. The findings in culture indicate that the regional effects of glucocorticoids are partly independent of other circulating or neural factors. Injections of dexamethasone led to significantly enhanced specific activity of all the lipid-synthetic enzymes assayed in subcellular fractions from liver. Differences in hormonal influences between liver and certain fat tissue regions represent tissue specificity. In addition, the diverse effects of glucocorticoids on various adipose tissue depots indicate regional or "intratissue" specificity. PMID- 6671144 TI - A comparison of the rates of incorporation of fatty acids during the rapid synthesis in vitro of endogenous triacylglycerols by neuronal nuclei. AB - The incorporation of radioactive palmitate, oleate, linoleate, and arachidonate into endogenous triacylglycerols was followed in vitro using neuronal nuclei (N1) isolated from cerebral cortices of 15-day-old rabbits. Specific rates of incorporation of fatty acids into N1 triacylglycerols were 33-42 times and more than 100 times the corresponding values for cerebral cortex homogenates and microsomal fractions (P3), respectively. Acyl-CoA synthetase specific activities in N1 were 2.2 to 3.2 times the specific rates for fatty acid incorporation into N1 triacylglycerols. Using single fatty acids, N1 acyl-CoA synthetase showed a preference for linoleate which was more highly marked in linoleate-palmitate and linoleate-arachidonate competitions. In fatty acid incorporation into N1 triacylglycerols a preference for linoleate in competition with palmitate was noted; however, there was also a relatively higher utilization of arachidonate shown competitively than was noted in acyl-CoA synthesis. The data suggested that N1 diacylglycerol acyl transferase shows a selectivity for arachidonoyl-CoA in comparison with CoA esters of palmitate or oleate. Molecular class analyses of radioactive triacylglycerol products indicated that native endogenous N1 diacylglycerols bearing arachidonate or fatty acids of equal or higher unsaturation were used preferentially in N1 triacylglycerol synthesis. This preference was significantly decreased when higher levels of endogenous diacylglycerols were produced in N1 following a phospholipase C preincubation. PMID- 6671145 TI - Studies of the biosynthesis and metabolism of rat testicular galactoglycerolipids. AB - 1-O-Alkyl-2-O-acyl-3-O-beta-D-(3'-sulfatoxygalactopyranosyl)-sn- glcerol (SGG) and its nonsulfated analog (GG) are the major glycolipids of rat testis. Aspects of the biosynthesis and metabolism of these two lipids have been investigated by determining their specific activities at various times after injection of [16 14C]palmitic acid, [1-14C]cetyl alcohol, and D-[1-14C]galactose into the testes of the adult rats. Evidence was obtained from studies with each of these three radioactive compounds that is consistent with the interpretation that GG exhibits a precursor relationship to SGG in vivo. The turnover time of GG, as estimated from the use of each of the three precursors, ranged between 21 and 69 h. In contrast, a slow increase of radioactivity in SGG was observed following injection of each of the three precursors, a plateau value being reached between 72 and 168 h. The radioactivity in the acyl, alkyl, and galactosyl moieties of SGG thereafter remained quite constant for another 21 days. Small amounts of monoalkylmonoacylglycerol were detected in rat testis. Radioactive studies indicated that this compound could be a precursor of GG and (or) monoalkyldiacylglycerol, another lipid that was also detected in rat testis. The results are consistent with the concept that the synthesis of SGG occurs primarily at an early stage of spermatogenesis and that the various moieties of this lipid exhibit almost complete metabolic stability during the subsequent complex stages of this process. PMID- 6671146 TI - Phosphatidylinositol movement between isolated microsomal and mitochondrial membranes. AB - Transfer of membrane-bound phosphatidyl-[2'-3H]inositol from microsomal to unlabelled mitochondrial and from mitochondrial to unlabelled microsomal membranes was studied using partially purified cytosol proteins isolated from guinea pig liver cytosol. In the absence and presence of these proteins the amounts of phosphatidylinositol transfer from microsomal to mitochondrial membranes were approximately 21 and 33%, respectively, and the amounts from mitochondrial to microsomal membranes were approximately 31 and 39%, respectively. The release of phosphatidyl-[2'-3H]inositol from microsomal membranes in the absence of mitochondria was dependent on concentration of cytosol proteins. Two mechanisms for movement between membranes are proposed. In cytosol-protein-independent movement of phosphatidyl-[2'-3H]inositol from microsomal to mitochondrial membranes, a direct contact between membranes is required, since phosphatidyl-[2'-3H]inositol was not detected in the reaction medium. In the cytosol-protein-catalyzed transfer, formation of phosphatidyl-[2' 3H]inositol - cytosol protein complex is postulated, since phosphatidyl-[2' 3H]inositol was released into the reaction medium and its movement proceeded from mitochondrial to microsomal membranes in the presence of partially purified cytosol proteins. Thus, contact between the two membranes is probably not necessary for this transfer. Implications for the movement of phospholipids between biological membranes are discussed. PMID- 6671147 TI - Genome size of man and animals relative to the plant Allium cepa. AB - A direct Feulgen-cytophotometric comparison of the genomic DNA content (C value) was performed between the liliaceous plant species Allium cepa and a number of animal species to reassess the genome size ratios between plants and animals. These appeared unduly ambiguous as a consequence of divergent picogram estimates in several animal reference species. Taking 1C = 16.75 pg for Allium cepa, the estimates were (1C value in picograms): man, 3.11; Indian muntjak CCL 157 cell line, 2.68; domestic pig, 2.79; Chinese hamster, 2.66; CHO cell line, 2.73; laboratory rat, 2.65; mouse, 3.04; rat kangaroo Pt-K2 cell line, 4.21; fowl, 1.16; and the green toad, 4.30. These values are consistent with a number of independent absolute and relative DNA content determinations reported for animals, and therefore define a coherent set of animal and plant reference values for genome size determinations. PMID- 6671148 TI - Duration of meiosis and spermiogenesis in the dog. AB - The duration of meiosis and spermiogenesis was studied in the dog by following the kinetics of [3H]thymidine-labeled canine spermatocytes autoradiographically. Leptotene appears to last for at least 4.20 days, zygotene for less than a day, and pachytene for about 15.50 days. The transition from diplotene to metaphase II is extremely rapid and requires approximately a day. The duration of spermiogenesis is at least 19.60 days. Both meiosis and spermiogenesis are completed by 42.15 days. PMID- 6671149 TI - The oculocardiac reflex in strabismus surgery. AB - During strabismus surgery on 81 extraocular muscles in 49 children the cardiac response to calibrated traction on each of the muscles operated on was studied through the use of a microdisplacement transducer and the tachometer of a cardiac monitor. There was no significant difference in the frequency of induction of the oculocardiac reflex between the medial rectus and the other muscles or between the two eyes. However, quick traction provoked a reflex in 87% of instances, whereas progressive traction did so in only 51% of instances, a significant difference (p less than 0.05). Thus, because the oculocardiac reflex is frequent during strabismus surgery, cardiac monitoring during the operation and minimal, gentle manipulation of the extraocular muscles are important. PMID- 6671150 TI - The Peritest automatic perimeter in screening for glaucomatous visual field defects. AB - The ability of the Peritest to screen for glaucomatous defects of the visual field was studied by using this automatic perimeter to examine the visual fields of 69 eyes with chronic open-angle glaucoma and 46 normal eyes after manual perimetry had been performed. The Peritest correctly identified 62 (90%) of the glaucomatous eyes as having visual field abnormalities; the other 7 eyes (10%) had false-positive results. Of the 46 normal eyes, 36 (78%) were correctly identified as having normal visual fields; the other 10 eyes (22%) were incorrectly identified as having visual field abnormalities. Thus, the overall rate with which eyes were correctly classified as having normal or abnormal visual fields was 85%, and the rate with which fields were falsely identified as having glaucomatous abnormalities was 15%. PMID- 6671151 TI - Preretinal membranectomy in idiopathic preretinal macular fibrosis. AB - Idiopathic preretinal macular fibrosis (PMF) rarely causes progressive loss of vision. In 5 of 350 cases in which vision did markedly diminish, pars plana vitrectomy and membranectomy proved to be a useful surgical method of correcting the visual loss. There was an apparent recurrence of PMF in two of the five cases. PMID- 6671152 TI - Relationship between baring of circumlinear vessels of the optic disc and glaucomatous visual field loss. AB - Stereo disc photographs of the eyes of 232 patients with normal or elevated intraocular pressure were reviewed to assess the value of baring of circumlinear vessels of the optic nerve head as a sign of glaucomatous damage. Baring and the presence of glaucomatous visual field defects were significantly correlated, as were this sign and consistent elevation of the intraocular pressure in patients without a visual field defect. Baring was absent in 35% of the eyes with circumlinear vessels and known glaucomatous visual field defects. However, it was present in only 6% of the eyes with normal pressure, a normal visual field and circumlinear vessels. Therefore, this sign should lead to further evaluation. PMID- 6671153 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase level and protein pattern in the aqueous humour of patients with retinoblastoma. AB - The diagnostic significance of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and the protein pattern in the aqueous humour was evaluated in patients with retinoblastoma who presented with leukokoria. The mean LDH level for the 14 retinoblastoma patients was significantly greater than the mean for 6 patients with leukokoria but without retinoblastoma (p less than 0.05) and the mean for 10 patients (controls) with senile cataract (p less than 0.01). Cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis was performed on the aqueous humour of six of the patients with retinoblastoma, four of the patients with other causes of leukokoria and eight of the control patients. It showed that the protein in the aqueous humour was predominantly albumin in the patients with retinoblastoma; the globulin in these cases was usually beta-globulin. The protein was mostly or completely albumin in the three patients with Coats' disease, and the protein pattern simulated that in normal serum (owing to hemorrhage) in the patient with retinal detachment. No protein was detectable in the aqueous humour of the control patients. Thus, determining either the LDH level or the protein pattern in the aqueous humour can serve as a useful adjunct to the clinical diagnosis of retinoblastoma. PMID- 6671154 TI - The origin of senile lens exfoliation. AB - The uninvolved lens was removed from a patient with unilateral lens exfoliation, and electron microscopic examination of the lens confirmed the absence of exfoliation. Five years later white granules appeared on the vitreous face, and when the eye was removed at autopsy a further 4 years later typical exfoliation fibres were found in close association with the epithelium of the iris and the ciliary body and in clumps in the vitreous. PMID- 6671155 TI - Congenital hereditary downbeat nystagmus. AB - This report describes an 8-year-old boy with congenital hereditary downbeat nystagmus, the youngest person with downbeat nystagmus in the literature to date and the first to have an apparently congenital form. He had tended to keep his chin down since birth and had had difficulty reading since starting to attend school. His 28-year-old mother manifested a subclinical combined rotatory downbeat nystagmus only in oblique downward gaze. Neither the child nor the mother demonstrated evidence of spinocerebellar degeneration. Homologous base-up prisms incorporated into glasses eliminated his chin-down head posture, improved his vision in primary position and "cured" his so-called learning disability. PMID- 6671156 TI - Atypical sensory nystagmus and its surgical management. AB - Two patients with oculocutaneous albinism who had presumed sensory-defect nystagmus also showed the features of congenital motor-defect nystagmus. Both patients used an abnormal head posture to block the nystagmus, and each had coexisting strabismus. Modern surgical techniques simultaneously shifted the null point of the nystagmus to the primary position and corrected the strabismus. PMID- 6671157 TI - The 11th J.A.F. Stevenson memorial lecture. Blobs and color vision. AB - When the monkey striate cortex is stained for the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome oxidase a polka-dot pattern of patches or blobs is observed in layers 2 and 3 and more faintly in layers 5 and 6. In the macaque these blobs are aligned along the centers of ocular dominance columns. Cells within blobs lack the orientation selectivity and instead have the simpler concentric center-surround fields common in geniculate cells. Blob cells are specifically concerned with color and in particular with maintaining color constancy despite marked changes in the spectral content of the light source. PMID- 6671158 TI - Natriuretic effect of atrial extract on isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - To examine the mechanisms underlying the natriuretic action of a partially purified extract of rat atria (AE) we injected the equivalent of one atrium into isolated perfused rat kidneys. Some kidneys received an infusion of angiotensin II at 0.5 ng/min throughout the experiment. In the absence of angiotensin AE had a variable effect on renal vascular resistance (RVR) but, in the presence of angiotensin II, AE consistently decreased RVR by 3% for 5 min followed by a slight increase. Inulin clearance and filtration fraction increased slightly but significantly. AE increased sodium, chloride, phosphate, and free water clearance but not potassium excretion. Ventricular extract had no effect on any of these variables. Furosemide (50-250 micrograms) increased sodium, chloride, and potassium but not phosphate or free water excretion. AE did not alter dopamine or norepinephrine excretion. We conclude that AE increases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and inhibits tubular reabsorption by mechanisms which differ, at least in part, from those affected by furosemide. PMID- 6671159 TI - Actions of verapamil on the excitability of cultured neurones. AB - Applications of relatively high concentrations of verapamil (0.5-1.0 mM) to cultured spinal cord or dorsal root ganglion neurones blocked both calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) action potentials. They also depolarized these neurones and caused a voltage-dependent reduction of input conductance (measured under current clamp). The depolarization and apparent reduction of input conductance evoked in spinal cord neurones by L-aspartic acid appeared to be potentiated by coapplications of verapamil. Lower concentrations (maximum 100 microM) of verapamil blocked identified Ca action potentials without depolarizing neurones or changing their input conductance. This Ca antagonist provided only limited selectivity in cultured neurones. Voltage clamp of cultured spinal cord neurones demonstrated that high concentrations of verapamil (0.5-5.0 mM) can reduce outward currents (leakage and rectification). Inward currents evoked with single applications of L-aspartic acid were not potentiated by verapamil and thus potentiations recorded under current clamp can be attributed to depression of outward currents. The reduction of voltage-dependent outward currents (rectification) by verapamil improved resolution of the voltage-dependent inward current activated by L-aspartic acid. PMID- 6671160 TI - Digoxin-amiodarone interaction: in vivo and in vitro studies in rats. AB - Amiodarone is a new antiarrhythmic drug, commonly coadministered with digoxin in various cardiac disorders. Amiodarone caused a 10-fold increase of serum digoxin in rats, when the two drugs were simultaneously administered. Amiodarone significantly reduced digoxin uptake by renal cortical slices in the rat, and failed to reduce digoxin uptake by either heart or diaphragmatic muscle. The inhibition of the renal tubular uptake of digoxin caused by amiodarone may explain in part the increased serum digoxin concentration observed in vivo. Close resemblance was found between the mechanisms involved in the amiodarone-digoxin interaction, and those of digoxin interaction with either quinidine or verapamil. PMID- 6671161 TI - Methylmercury distribution, metabolism, and neurotoxicity in the mouse brain. AB - Methylmercury distribution, biotransformation, and neurotoxicity in the brain of male Swiss albino mice were investigated. Mice were orally dosed with [203 Hg]methylmercury chloride (10 mg/kg) for 1 to 9 days. Methylmercury was evenly distributed among the posterior cerebral cortex, subcortex, brain stem, and cerebellum. The The anterior cerebral cortex had a significantly higher methylmercury concentration than the rest of the brain. The distribution of methylmercury's inorganic mercury metabolite was found to be uneven in the brain. The pattern of distribution was cerebellum greater than brain stem greater than subcortex greater than cerebral cortex. The order of the severity of histological damage was cerebral cortex greater than cerebellum greater than subcortex greater than brain stem. There was no correlation between methylmercury distribution in the brain and structural brain damage. However, there was a relationship between the distribution of methylmercury's inorganic mercury metabolite and structural damage in the anterior cerebral cortex (positive correlation) and the anterior subcortex (negative correlation). There was also a positive correlation between the fraction of methylmercury's metabolite of the total mercury present and structural brain damage in the anterior cerebral cortex. This study suggests that biotransformation may have a role in mediating methylmercury neurotoxicity. PMID- 6671162 TI - Aging: its influence on the intestinal unstirred water layer thickness, surface area, and resistance in the unanesthetized rat. AB - The intestinal absorption of some nutrients changes with aging. As the unstirred water layer (UWL) is an important rate limiting step in the absorption of nutrients in general and of lipid soluble nutrients in particular, we investigated possible changes in the UWL dimensions in the aging rat in vivo. We measured the thickness (d) of the UWL using rapid changes in the luminal sodium concentration to induce changes in the transmucosal potential differences. We assessed the surface area (Sw) and resistance (d/SwD) of the UWL at varying flow rates by using increasingly lipophilic medium chain saturated alcohols as probes. At high UWL resistance, d decreased from 318 to 268 microns between 1 and 29 months of age. As the animals aged, Sw changed from 114 to 106 cm2/100 cm and from 262 to 214 cm2/100 cm at low and high flow rates, respectively, using dodecanol as a probe. The resistance of the UWL (d/SwD) remained relatively stable at all ages studied. These experiments demonstrate that age-related changes in absorption are dependent on the aqueous diffusion coefficient and degree of lipid solubility of the specific nutrients. At low UWL resistance, absorption of compounds with higher diffusion coefficients and greater aqueous solubility is decreased with aging. In contrast, previous studies have demonstrated that the absorption of nutrients with low diffusion coefficients and high lipid solubility increases with aging especially when the resistance of the UWL is high. PMID- 6671163 TI - Age-dependent changes in electrophysiologic characteristics of fast and slow action potentials in rat papillary muscle. AB - Isolated papillary muscles from juvenile (about 2 months old, average weight of 250 g) and young adult rats (about 4 months old, average weight 485 g) were studied for age-dependent differences in the characteristics of fast and slow action potentials (APs). The fast and slow APs were recorded in 5.4 mM and 25 mM K+-Tyrode solutions, respectively (stimulation rate of 1 Hz). For the slow APs, the dose-response curves for isoproterenol versus Vmax (the maximum rate of rise of the APs), overshoot, and AP amplitude were linear between 10(-9) M and 10(-6) M (10(-5 M in some cases) in the juvenile and young adult rats. Isoproterenol pretreatment (1 mg/kg s.c., 1 h prior) decreased the slope of the dose-response curve, and saturation was achieved at a lower concentration. The Vmax, overshoot, and amplitude of both the fast and slow APs were somewhat smaller in the young adult rats than in the juvenile rats; there were no differences in the resting potential, AP duration, or threshold voltage. These results suggest that activation of a greater fraction of the beta-adrenergic receptors is coupled directly or indirectly to activation of a greater fraction of the slow channels. The pretreatment data suggest that down-regulation of the beta-adrenergic receptor may occur. The conductance per channel for the fast Na+ channels and slow channels, and (or) the number of both types of functional channels, may decrease with age. PMID- 6671164 TI - Microvascular evidence for a transition zone around a chronic myocardial infarct in the rat. AB - Muscle fibers in the transition zone of an infarcted heart are thought to be potentially ischemic during the first 6-9 h following coronary artery occlusion. However, the long-term fate of the muscle fibers at the margin of the necrosis is uncertain. Ischemia implies reduced oxygenation, possibly owing to a reduced capillary supply; thus our objective was to determine whether a region of reduced microvascular supply exists at the margin of a necrosis produced by chronic coronary artery occlusion. Five variables were used to quantitate the capillary supply in the transition zone: C/F (capillary to fiber) ratio, Vf (number of vessels around a fiber), Fv (number of fibers surrounding a vessel), capillary density, and fiber diameter. Infarcts were induced in young male rats by ligating the left coronary artery midway between its origin and the apex of the heart. Five weeks later, the capillary supply in the transition zone was significantly below control values, i.e., significant reductions in C/F, Vf, and Fv were found. This region of reduced capillary supply extended 225-525 microns laterally from the edge of the necrosis. Thus, a narrow transition zone, defined as a region of viable muscle fibers with a subnormal microvascular supply, exists as long as 5 weeks following coronary artery occlusion in the rat. PMID- 6671165 TI - Inhibition by cinnarizine of the responses of smooth muscle from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. AB - A comparison was made of the inhibition by cinnarizine, a calcium antagonist, of the contractile responses of aortic, carotid, and iliac arterial strips and vasa deferentia from 15- to 17-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive counterparts, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. KCl-induced responses of the aorta from both strains of rats and carotid arteries from WKY only were more sensitive to inhibition than were responses to norepinephrine. No significant differences were observed in the inhibition of tissue responses from the two strains of rats with the exception of the K+-induced responses of carotid arterial strips from SHR which were significantly less sensitive to inhibition when compared with carotid strips from WKY. PMID- 6671166 TI - Partial purification and characterization of isopenicillin N epimerase activity from Streptomyces clavuligerus. AB - Epimerase activity, which converts isopenicillin N to penicillin N, has been partially purified from cell-free extracts of Streptomyces clavuligerus. No stimulating cofactors of this activity were found, and neither EDTA nor anaerobic incubation caused significant inhibition of activity. Although pyridoxal phosphate did not stimulate epimerase activity, the presence of this cofactor was necessary for the stabilization of enzymic activity during the purification process. Epimerase activity was purified 35.5-fold by a combination of salt precipitation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography. Gel filtration indicated that the epimerase has a molecular weight of 60 000 and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the 35.5-fold purified epimerase showed a major protein band running near that location. Pyridoxal phosphate antagonists did not uniformly inhibit epimerase activity, but the inhibitory effect of hydroxylamine could be partially reversed by pyridoxal phosphate. PMID- 6671167 TI - The in vitro effect of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4 lipopolysaccharide on murine peritoneal macrophages. AB - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined for its in vitro effect on murine peritoneal macrophage morphology, viability, and lysosomal enzyme activity. Fifty micrograms of Y4 LPS per 10(6) macrophages resulted in macrophage activation, eliciting the release of acid phosphates (AcP), as well as the accumulation of intracellular AcP, without a loss in viability. There was also an increase in the number of organelles and cell-surface ruffles. One hundred or 250 microgram of Y4 LPS caused flattening, rounding, and blebbing of the cell surface, as well as the release of large quantities of AcP and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), within 5 min of exposure to the LPS. Alteration of cell ultrastructure occurred within 30 min, and extensive autophagocytosis by 24 h, indicative of cell injury. Short-term (less than 24 h) experiments appear necessary to distinguish between the effects of cell activation and cell death caused by A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 LPS. PMID- 6671168 TI - Medicine in the Soviet Union. PMID- 6671169 TI - Assessing the elderly patient. PMID- 6671170 TI - Scientific letters. PMID- 6671171 TI - Radiation protection. PMID- 6671172 TI - Breast cancer. PMID- 6671173 TI - Treating Jehovah's Witnesses. PMID- 6671174 TI - "Women", not "girls". PMID- 6671175 TI - Assessing erectile dysfunction. PMID- 6671176 TI - Hyperthyroidism and psoriasis. PMID- 6671177 TI - Branhamella catarrhalis conjunctivitis. PMID- 6671178 TI - Numbering fingers. PMID- 6671179 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy. PMID- 6671180 TI - Diamorphine (heroin) and cancer pain. PMID- 6671181 TI - [Utilization of diagnostic tests in a family medicine service]. AB - For a random sample of 1029 visits occurring over a 1-year period in a family medicine service 1067 diagnostic tests were done within 1 week (or within 3 weeks in the case of nuclear medicine) following the visit; this represents a mean of 1.04 tests, costing $ 8.30, per visit. There was no test ordered in most (62.5%) of the visits. The results of 909 tests were recorded; 36.6% were abnormal. The pattern of use of diagnostic tests varied considerably among the physicians; however, no association was observed between this pattern and the status of the physician, the site of the encounter, or the age or sex of the patient. There was a weak and not statistically significant correlation between the number of problems identified and the number of tests with abnormal results per visit. These results suggest that the problem of overuse of diagnostic tests may not be as acute in a family medicine service as it has been observed to be in other settings. PMID- 6671182 TI - Interpretation of diagnostic data: 5. How to do it with simple maths. AB - The use of simple maths with the likelihood ratio strategy fits in nicely with our clinical views. By making the most out of the entire range of diagnostic test results (i.e., several levels, each with its own likelihood ratio, rather than a single cut-off point and a single ratio) and by permitting us to keep track of the likelihood that a patient has the target disorder at each point along the diagnostic sequence, this strategy allows us to place patients at an extremely high or an extremely low likelihood of disease. Thus, the numbers of patients with ultimately false-positive results (who suffer the slings of labelling and the arrows of needless therapy) and of those with ultimately false-negative results (who therefore miss their chance for diagnosis and, possibly, efficacious therapy) will be dramatically reduced. The following guidelines will be useful in interpreting signs, symptoms and laboratory tests with the likelihood ratio strategy: Seek out, and demand from the clinical or laboratory experts who ought to know, the likelihood ratios for key symptoms and signs, and several levels (rather than just the positive and negative results) of diagnostic test results. Identify, when feasible, the logical sequence of diagnostic tests. Estimate the pretest probability of disease for the patient, and, using either the nomogram or the conversion formulas, apply the likelihood ratio that corresponds to the first diagnostic test result. While remembering that the resulting post-test probability or odds from the first test becomes the pretest probability or odds for the next diagnostic test, repeat the process for all the pertinent symptoms, signs and laboratory studies that pertain to the target disorder. However, these combinations may not be independent, and convergent diagnostic tests, if treated as independent, will combine to overestimate the final post-test probability of disease. You are now far more sophisticated in interpreting diagnostic tests than most of your teachers. In the last part of our series we will show you some rather complex strategies that combine diagnosis and therapy, quantify our as yet nonquantified ideas about use, and require the use of at least a hand calculator. PMID- 6671183 TI - Promotion of breast-feeding in a Chinese community in Montreal. AB - Following a prospective survey that showed a very low rate of breast-feeding (10%) in 1977-79 among Chinese women in Montreal, a culturally targeted program, which included individual prenatal counselling and a community-wide promotion and education campaign, was developed to improve the rates. The study group consisted of all Chinese women delivering in 1980 and 1981 who had taken their infants to one pediatrician for continuing care. The rates of breast-feeding in the 88 women who had received prenatal counselling and the 93 women who had not were compared. Although the rates were substantially increased for both groups over the 1977-79 rate (54% and 34% in 1980 and 65% and 55% in 1981 respectively), the 2-year rate was significantly higher for the counselled group compared with the uncounselled group in the later study (59% v. 43%). The greatest effect of counselling was seen in young, primiparous women of higher socioeconomic status who spoke French or English in addition to Chinese. However, 33% of the counselled women who had started breast-feeding had stopped by 1 month, compared with only 15% of the uncounselled women. Thus, although the rates of breast-feeding in ethnic groups can be increased with the use of a language- and culture-specific approach, more support and encouragement must be given to women who start breast-feeding so that they will continue longer. PMID- 6671184 TI - Preventive health care of Indian preschoolers in the Sioux Lookout Zone, northwestern Ontario. AB - The provision of preventive health care to native children in the Sioux Lookout Zone of northwestern Ontario was assessed by reviewing the medical charts of 568 randomly selected preschoolers in 1980. Data were collected on the method of infant feeding; immunization status, vaccination and testing for tuberculosis; development, vision and hearing screening; monitoring of growth; and nutritional status and vitamin supplementation. Most of the children had been breast-fed and had received primary diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-polio immunization as well as measles-mumps-rubella and bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination. However, less than 30% had undergone developmental screening, and only 10% and 8% respectively had had their vision and hearing screened. Growth monitoring was adequate in the first year of life but not thereafter. Only about 55% of the children had ever had a hemoglobin level determined. More emphasis on health promotion is needed if native children are to receive adequate preventive health care. PMID- 6671185 TI - Amantadine-dyazide interaction. AB - To document an interaction between amantadine hydrochloride and Dyazide that had apparently produced amantadine toxicity, a patient was given amantadine alone for 1 week, followed by amantadine plus Dyazide for another week, under controlled conditions. A diuretic effect was observed after Dyazide was added to the regimen, but the urine amantadine excretion fell, and the drug's plasma concentration increased. It was concluded that one or both of the components of Dyazide (hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene) reduce the clearance of amantadine and can produce higher plasma concentrations and toxic effects. PMID- 6671186 TI - Recurrent Goodpasture's syndrome. AB - Goodpasture's syndrome was diagnosed in a 17-year-old boy with glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis. He was successfully treated with cyclophosphamide, prednisone and courses of plasmapheresis. The syndrome recurred 3 1/2 years later and was again successfully treated. PMID- 6671188 TI - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis--general considerations. PMID- 6671187 TI - Hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. AB - The apparent incidence of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is low in pregnancy but will likely increase now that more asymptomatic HPT is being diagnosed. However, since the serum calcium levels are decreased in pregnant women, mild primary HPT may go unrecognized. In untreated cases of HPT, complications during pregnancy or during the neonatal period have included spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death, neonatal tetany and hypercalcemia. A review of the literature indicates a substantial improvement in fetal outcome when parathyroidectomy is done during pregnancy, as in the case reported here. Therefore, parathyroidectomy is the treatment of choice when the diagnosis is made during pregnancy, although oral phosphate therapy may be an alternative if surgery is contraindicated. PMID- 6671189 TI - Pigeon breeder's disease. PMID- 6671190 TI - Humidifier lung. PMID- 6671191 TI - The effect of clomid induced superovulation on human follicular and luteal function for extracorporeal fertilization and embryo transfer. AB - The administration of clomiphene citrate (Clomid) 150 mg/day from days 5-9 of the menstrual cycle to spontaneously ovulatory women in order to induce adequate multiple follicular development followed by timed laparoscopic aspiration of mature oocytes does not appear to impair luteal phase length or the steroid pattern of oestradiol-17 beta (E2) or progesterone (P) production as reflected by their peripheral blood concentrations. In Clomid stimulated cycles where preovular oocyte pickup (OPU) and embryo transfer (ET) occurred but no recognizable pregnancy resulted, the cycle length was 30.0 (s.e.m. = 0.3) days, the follicular phase length was 15.6 (s.e.m. = 0.3) days and the luteal phase length was 14.4 (s.e.m. = 0.3) days, which did not differ from a group of women having spontaneous ovular cycles. Following Clomid stimulation the dominant follicle was similar in size to the pre-ovulatory follicle in spontaneous uniovular cycles, but the second, third, fourth and fifth order follicles were significantly larger (P less than 0.0001). The ultimate test of luteal competence was the successful implantation of 11 concepti in 7 women (4 sets of twins) from 49 laparoscopies (14%) or 33 embryo transfers (21%). Comparisons between conceptual and non-conceptual embryo transfers following identical Clomid regimes showed no difference between plasma E2 concentrations at the time of hCG administration or the start of an endogenous LH rise; follicle volume, follicular fluid E2, P and testosterone concentrations were also not different. However, there was a trend for follicular P to be higher in the non-conceptual group indicating that advanced luteinization may hinder successful implantation. The follicular fluid androstenedione (A4) concentration was significantly lower in the conceptual group and the total androgen concentration (A4 + T) was also lower which was indicative of active aromatase activity in these follicles. It was concluded from this study that there was no indication to give exogenous hormonal support to the luteal phase, provided there was both optimal follicular growth and steroidogenic function following Clomid stimulation and that exogenous hCG was administered very close to the expected rise of LH. This observation was supported by the finding that timing of OPU based on a knowledge of the start of the LH surge was associated with a higher pregnancy rate than when hCG was administered and indicates that the endogenous mid-cycle events may permit superior maturation of the oocyte and/or permit better synchronization of endometrial maturation for implantation. PMID- 6671192 TI - Some attitudes to artificial insemination by donor. AB - A preliminary survey to assess and quantify attitudes to Artificial Insemination by Donor (AID) has been conducted with the aid of an article in a national magazine. The consensus of 375 individuals (mostly with a vested interest in infertility) concerning their attitudes to semen donation, hypothetical receipt of donor semen, legal aspects and the keeping of donor records, etc., have been analysed and their answers correlated to their age, sex, ethnic grouping, educational level, religion, and marital and fertility status as well as their place of residence. Within the limitations of this study, three major conclusions can be drawn. Firstly there are probably many potential semen donors in the general community and recruitment techniques need to be improved to capitalize on this source. Secondly, a centralized non-identifying National Register of donor information may be tolerated, and finally, the couples questioned felt an AID child should not be likened to one received through adoption. These and other findings would suggest that attitudes towards AID are changing and consequently some of the practices within AID programmes may need to be altered. Further statistically conducted surveys are warranted to determine these current attitudes. PMID- 6671193 TI - Selective isolation of endo-D-galacturonanase of Aspergillus niger based on interaction with tri(D-galactosiduronic acid) covalently bound to poly(hydroxyalkyl methacrylate). AB - A selective affinity-adsorbent for the extracellular endo-D-galacturonanase (E.C. 3.2.1.15) of Aspergillus niger was prepared by covalent coupling of tri(D galactosiduronic acid) to Separon, a poly(hydroxyalkyl methacrylate) gel. Complexing of the enzyme with the adsorbent is pH dependent; maximal interaction occurs at the optimum pH for enzyme activity. The enzyme was quantitatively displaced from the adsorbent either by changing the pH or by bioelution with soluble tri(D-galactosiduronic acid) or other substrate. Within the range of substitution of Separon examined [content of tri(D-galactosiduronic acid) 1.7 6.7%] the amount of endo-D-galacturonanase retained was proportional to the content of affinity ligand. Under the same conditions, unsubstituted carrier did not complex with endo-D-galacturonanase. The dissociation constant of the affinity complex, as determined by zonal analysis, kinetic measurements, and by means of the adsorption isotherm KL (0.54 mmol.L-1), is close to the value (KI 0.44 mmol.L-1) obtained by the two first methods with soluble tri(D galactosiduronic acid). The results show that adsorption of endo-D galacturonanase on tri(D-galactosiduronic acid)-Separon is due exclusively to active-site-directed interaction with bound affinity-ligand. PMID- 6671194 TI - Radioimmunoassay of a glycoprotein associated with malignancy. AB - A glycoprotein associated with malignancy was purified from the 0.6M perchloric acid-soluble fraction of serum obtained from cancer patients. The purified glycoprotein contained sialic acid, which was responsible for binding to wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose. Gel electrophoresis showed one band with an apparent Mr of 50 000-55 000, and the isoelectric point was 4.4 +/- 0.1. The glycoprotein could be distinguished from carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein. Iodination of this material with chloramine-T permitted development of a radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6671195 TI - Radioimmunoassay of a cancer-related glycoprotein. Circulating levels. AB - Circulating levels of (a) tumor-related glycoprotein(s) were determined by radioimmunoassay for a variety of patients and controls, and correlated with sialic acid concentration. Levels were highest in patients with metastatic disease and progressively declined to those with localized disease receiving therapy. Values for normal, adjuvant, and cured patients were significantly lower. Sialic acid concentrations correlated best for the metastatic group but not for the normals. PMID- 6671196 TI - An apparatus for safe and convenient handling of anhydrous, liquid hydrogen fluoride at controlled temperatures and reaction times. Application to the generation of oligosaccharides from polysaccharides. PMID- 6671197 TI - 13C-N.m.r. study of the structures of two branched oligosaccharides from marsupial milk. PMID- 6671199 TI - Structural determination of the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 19A (57). AB - The structure of the Pneumococcus type 19A (57) capsular polysaccharide has been reinvestigated by using methylation analysis and n.m.r. spectroscopy. It is composed of residues of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose, D-glucose, L-rhamnose, and phosphate in the molar ratios of 1:1:1:1. The polysaccharide is linear, and is composed of these components in a repeating unit of the following structure. ---- 4)-beta-D-ManpNAc-(1 ---- 4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 ---- 3)-alpha-L- Rhap-(1-PO4-) ---- The type 19A polysaccharide (Na+ salt) was depolymerized by heating it in water at 100 degrees, conditions that also hydrolyzed the newly formed phosphoric monoesters. PMID- 6671198 TI - Absence of O-formyl groups in Klebsiella polysaccharides. PMID- 6671200 TI - Disproportionation reactions catalyzed by Leuconostoc and Streptococcus glucansucrases. AB - Glucansucrases from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F and Streptococcus mutans 6715 were found to utilize a number of D-gluco-oligosaccharides as D glucosyl donors and as acceptors. These donors included isomaltotriose and its homologs, panose, maltotriose, and dextran. In each case, D-glucosyl groups were transferred from the donor to an acceptor sugar. When the donor sugar also acted as an acceptor, disproportionation reactions occurred. Isomaltotriose, for example, gave rise to isomaltose and isomaltotetraose initially, and to a series of isomalto-oligosaccharides eventually. In addition to forming alpha-D-(1----6) linkages in the reactions, dextransucrase from S. mutans 6715 was capable of forming alpha-D-(1----3)-linked products. PMID- 6671201 TI - p-Nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, a new substrate for glucansucrases. AB - p-Nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside has been shown to be a substrate for the glucansucrases of various strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Streptococcus mutans. The products from a digest of p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside with L. mesenteroides B-512F dextransucrase were found to include dextran, a series of p-nitrophenyl isomaltodextrin glycosides, and p-nitrophenyl nigeroside. The kinetics of the reaction were non-Michaelis-Menten, possibly because p nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside has a dual role in the reaction as both a D glucosyl donor and acceptor. PMID- 6671202 TI - Biochemical and physicochemical properties of the solubilized S-100 protein binding activity of synaptosomal particulate fractions. AB - The 125I-labeled S-100 specific binding to a Triton X-100 (TX-100) extract of synaptosomal particulate fractions (SYN) was investigated. The results indicate that (a) S-100 binding to the TX-100 extract is partially irreversible after a critical association time at 37 degrees C, while it is fully reversible after any association time at 4 degrees C; (b) trypsin and phospholipase C partially reverse the S-100 binding, while phospholipase D enhances the interaction to some extent, in a dose-dependent way; (c) EDTA and high concentrations of NaCl or KCl are more efficient as inhibitors of the S-100 binding to the TX-100 extract than as 125I-labeled S-100 dissociating agents, in analogy with previous observations with SYN; and (d) two main populations of solubilized S-100 binding sites can be evidenced by gel filtration and sucrose gradient centrifugation when low amounts of the TX-100 extract are processed and/or low S-100 concentrations are used, while two additional molecular species are separated when greater amounts of either factors are tested. These results suggest the possibility that S-100 may be involved in the regulation of some membrane activities. PMID- 6671204 TI - Study of albendazole in the treatment of intestinal helminthiasis in Zimbabwe. PMID- 6671205 TI - The clinical presentation of gastric neoplasms in Zimbabwe. PMID- 6671206 TI - Bilateral genu vara in childhood. PMID- 6671203 TI - Appearance of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in noninnervated cultured primary chick muscle cells. AB - Asymmetric forms of AChE have generally not been detected in cultured chick skeletal muscle cells in the absence of cocultured neurons. To explore further neurotrophic effects of adult peripheral nerve extracts (NE) on muscle in vitro, we reexamined the appearance of various molecular forms of AChE in cultured chick muscle cells in the presence of NE. The various molecular forms of AChE were distinguished by sucrose gradient sedimentation and radioenzymatic techniques. In the presence of NE, cells proliferated during the first 48 hr of culture, then fused and formed spontaneously contracting myotubes by 6-8 days in culture. Total AChE, 5.4 S, and 11.5 S molecular forms reached activity plateaus by 8 days in culture which persisted until cultures were terminated at day 20. Between 1 and 6 days in culture, 19.5 S AChE (A12) was not detected. The A12 form was first observed at 7 days reaching a maximum of 11.3% of the total AChE at 14 days and then gradually declined to a level of 1% at day 20. Since the A12 form declined in older cultures but comprised 25% in embryonic muscle tissue, we examined the possible requirement of neurons in culture to attain higher levels of A12 AChE. Spinal cord neurons were plated onto 6-day muscle cultures and AChE activities were measured between 8 and 20 days. The results showed that 19.5 S AChE activity in the presence of both spinal cord neurons and NE was no greater than that found in the presence of NE alone. To suppress spontaneous contraction, 0.6 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX) or 15 microM d-tubocurarine (dTC) were added to 5-day-old muscle cultures at a time when myotubes were differentiated but contractile activity had not begun. TTX had cytotoxic effects and inhibited further development of myotubes. In contrast, dTC had no deleterious effect on morphological development, eliminated contraction, but did not interfere with the appearance of any forms of AChE including the A12 form. These studies show that primary chick muscle cells are capable of producing the A12 form of AChE if cultured in NE-supplemented medium. In this culture system, production of the A12 form does not require activity or innervation. PMID- 6671207 TI - A survey of the constituents, availability and use of skin lightening creams in Zimbabwe. PMID- 6671208 TI - Praziquantel in the treatment of bilharzia. PMID- 6671209 TI - Urban malnutrition. PMID- 6671210 TI - Action in urban undernutrition. PMID- 6671211 TI - Orthopaedic complications of long saphenous venous cut down in children. PMID- 6671212 TI - Candida septicaemia in a newborn complicating bacterial bronchopneumonia. PMID- 6671213 TI - Reliability of icterometer. PMID- 6671214 TI - Quality control of pharmaceutical preparations and the Third World. PMID- 6671215 TI - Acute osteomyelitis. Importance of early surgical intervention. PMID- 6671216 TI - Arrest of 3T3 cells in G1 phase by low density lipoprotein. AB - Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were purified from normal human serum by KBr density gradient centrifugation and gel filtration through Sepharose 4B. LDL reversibly inhibited proliferation of Swiss/3T3 cells, whereas HDL had no inhibitory effect on cell growth. The LDL-induced inhibition was LDL-dose dependent and was reversed by the addition of mevalonate, a product of the reaction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (mevalonate: NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating), EC 1.1.1.34). These data suggest that a specific reduction in the activity of HMG-CoA reductase produced by the addition of LDL is the main cause of the inhibition of cell proliferation. Studies of the effect of LDL on the cell cycle showed that it inhibited the entry of cells arrested in G0/G1 into the S phase but that it did not affect the transition of cells at the G1/S boundary into the M phase. The cell cycle of 3T3 is arrested solely in G1 by LDL. PMID- 6671217 TI - Family trees representing the finitely proliferative nature of cultured rat liver cells. AB - Family trees of rat liver epithelial-like cells in primary culture were obtained by cinemicrographic analysis. With few exceptions the proliferative profiles reconstituted from these family trees showed limited proliferation. This limitation was not due to post-confluence inhibition of proliferation or to nutritional deprivation during time lapse cinemicrography, but to the finite potential of clonal proliferation. In these family trees a cell entered mitosis, incomplete division, death, or a long interphase with no detectable termination. These family trees successfully related the life phases of the individual cells that compose the population to the limited nature of proliferative potential as observed in clonal cell populations. PMID- 6671218 TI - Ultrastructural changes during the enhancement of cellular 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in a Chinese hamster cell mutant resistant to compactin (ML 236B). AB - Chinese hamster V79 cell mutants resistant to compactin (ML236B) were isolated. A resistant clone, MF-2, grown in the presence of 2 micrograms/ml of ML236B for 1 week showed a 30-fold increase in 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-Co A) reductase activity compared to MF-2 grown in the absence of ML236B, and cells grown for 4 weeks showed a 53-fold increase. Apparent ultrastructural changes in thin sections of the MF-2 cells were observed after growth in ML236B: dilated cisternae in the rough endoplasmic reticulum had or did not have flocculated contents; there was significant distension of perinuclear space; and vesicular inclusion bodies were present in nuclei. PMID- 6671219 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by the constituents of medicinal plants. PMID- 6671220 TI - A fluorometric rate assay of peroxidase using the homovanillic acid-o-dianisidine hydrogen peroxide system. PMID- 6671221 TI - A direct radioimmunoassay of estradiol 3-glucuronide using specific antiserum. PMID- 6671222 TI - Identification of a serum glycoprotein whose content is increased in PSK-treated mice as haptoglobin. PMID- 6671223 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the stability of sisomicin in hydrophilic petrolatum ointment. PMID- 6671224 TI - Analysis of interfacial transfer and absorption behavior of drugs following dissolution from beta-cyclodextrin complexes. PMID- 6671225 TI - An isolated vascularly perfused stomach for studying drug distribution, metabolism and action in the stomach: acid secretion in response to secretagogues. PMID- 6671226 TI - Species differences in metabolism of sodium 2-[4-(2-oxocyclopentylmethyl) phenyl]propionate dihydrate (loxoprofen sodium), a new anti-inflammatory agent. PMID- 6671227 TI - Effect of sodium copper chlorophyllin on lipid peroxidation. V. Effect on peroxidative damage of rat liver lysosomes. PMID- 6671228 TI - Identification and determination of glutathione and glucuronide conjugates formed from butylated hydroxytoluene in rats. PMID- 6671229 TI - Studies on the absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. IV. Decomposition of ginsenoside-Rg1 and -Rb1 in the digestive tract of rats. PMID- 6671230 TI - Studies on the percutaneous absorption of paeonol by using stable isotopes. PMID- 6671231 TI - Controlled release of 5-fluorouracil from hydrophilic ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer matrices. PMID- 6671232 TI - Determination of lysozyme chloride in antiphlogistics by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6671233 TI - Interaction of urinary glycoproteins of cancer-bearing and normal rats with frog egg agglutinins. PMID- 6671234 TI - An affinity labeling of estrogen receptor. II. Synthesis and biological activity of 3-hydroxy-17 beta-(p-nitrophenyldithio)-1,3,5(10)-estratriene. PMID- 6671235 TI - Pharmacokinetics of p-phenylbenzoic acid in near-term fetus of the rat. PMID- 6671236 TI - Synthesis of 2-aminomethyl-3-benzyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohexanones. PMID- 6671237 TI - A new class of nitrosoureas. IX. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 3 substituted 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(methyl alpha-D-glucopyranosid-6-yl or methyl 2 acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosid-6-yl)-1-nitrosoureas. PMID- 6671238 TI - Studies on the constituents of asclepiadaceae plants. LVI. Isolation of new antitumor-active glycosides from Dregea volubilis (L.) BENTH. PMID- 6671239 TI - Preparation of haptens for use in immunoassays of tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol and its glucuronides. PMID- 6671240 TI - Continuous fluorescence detection of creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes by the use of a stream-switching valve. PMID- 6671242 TI - Distribution of fluocinolone acetonide in oil-in-water creams and its release from the creams. PMID- 6671241 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of minocycline using zirconium(IV), o hydroxyhydroquinonephthalein and fluoride ions in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. PMID- 6671243 TI - Preparation of and drug release from W/O/W type double emulsions containing anticancer agents. PMID- 6671244 TI - Solubilization of dl-alpha-tocopherol by bile salts, polysorbate 80 and egg lecithin. PMID- 6671245 TI - Studies on hypolipidemic agents. I. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of nicotinic acid-ethanolamine derivatives. PMID- 6671246 TI - Determination of sultopride in serum and saliva by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6671247 TI - The effects of phenobarbital, spironolactone and diazepam on hepatic 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in male and female rats. PMID- 6671248 TI - Effect of dietary calcium on growth, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus contents and fatty acid composition of individual tissues in rats. PMID- 6671249 TI - Effect of pharmaceutical adjuvants on the rectal permeability of drugs. III. Effect of repeated administration and recovery of the permeability. PMID- 6671250 TI - Kinetic studies on pancreatic lipase activity in micellar systems. II. Effect of fatty acid chain length of substrates. PMID- 6671251 TI - Liposomal membranes. XVIII. Interaction of spermicidal agents with liposomal membranes. PMID- 6671252 TI - Syntheses of 5-substituted oxazole-4-carboxylic acid derivatives with inhibitory activity on blood platelet aggregation. PMID- 6671253 TI - Alkaline degradation of clavulanic acid and high performance liquid chromatographic determination by post-column alkaline degradation. PMID- 6671254 TI - Studies on microcapsules. II. Influence of molecular weight of ethylcellulose in the microencapsulation of ascorbic acid. PMID- 6671255 TI - Relationship between hemolytic concentrations and physicochemical properties of basic drugs, and major factors inducing hemolysis. PMID- 6671256 TI - Effects of plasma components on platelet adhesion to microcapsules. PMID- 6671257 TI - Comparative study of the ventral and retro-peritoneal approach procedures for ureteral catheterization in the rat. Changes of renal functions and hemodynamics. PMID- 6671258 TI - Studies on metabolites produced by Aspergillus terreus var. aureus. I. Chemical structures and antimicrobial activities of metabolites isolated from culture broth. PMID- 6671259 TI - Highly viscous gel ointment containing carbopol for application to the oral mucosa. PMID- 6671260 TI - [Attitude of the pediatric surgeon faced with the prenatal diagnosis of a malformation]. PMID- 6671261 TI - [Closed flexible medullary nailing in pediatric traumatology]. AB - Flexible Medullary Nailing is an excellent method in children when operative management is indicated. It is a new biomechanical concept using prebent flexible rods introduced in a metaphyseal area. In femoral shaft fractures, closed percutaneous nailing permits stabilization using wires inserted by a medial and a lateral approach. In severely displaced humeral fractures of the upper end, two Kirschner wires are inserted under X-ray control through a epicondyl hole. Pinning can be indicated in others fractures : tibia, radial neck (original procedure), fore arm, humeral supracondylar original procedure and shaft fractures. This closed surgical procedure can always be done; the complication rate is light (no sepsis, no delayed union). Early mobilisation is often possible and cast is not necessary. PMID- 6671262 TI - [10 cases of retrosternal colonic esophagoplasty for caustic stenosis of the esophagus in children]. AB - This study is the authors' account of their experience of oesophagoplasty with the colon carried out among children in an african population. From 1978 to 1982, they performed 10 substernal intrathoracic transplantation of the colon to replace accidentally strictured oesophagus. The stricture in all cases is one to swallowing of corrosive substance, basic products (potassium lye and locally made bases) in half of the cases and battery acid in the other half. Follow-up has been between 9 months and 5 years. The results are as follows: In the immediate postoperative period there were: -- 1 death after surgery due to anesthetic error, -- 6 complications : -- 4 upper (cervical) anastomotic leakage, -- 1 incomplete stricture of the cervical anastomosis, -- 1 temporary dumping syndrome, -- 1 purulent pleurisy and parietal abscess; -- 3 cases without any complications. Before discharging the patients from the hospital, the functional results were evaluated on clinical features (quality of the deglutition, weight increase) and radiographically by a barium swallow (permeability of the colon transplant); these results were satisfactory. Long term follow-up was possible in 4 children (one monthly for the first 6 months, then once every 3 months for 6 months). Follow-up was less regular for the remaining 5 children. Except for a case of recurrent stricture of the cervical anastomosis which required reoperative surgery, normal deglutition was restored in all the patients, as was confirmed by a barium meal and a satisfactory weight gain. PMID- 6671263 TI - [Acute intestinal invagination in infants and children. Analysis of 125 cases treated surgically]. AB - 125 children were treated for acute intussusception with :-- Barium enema to establish the diagnosis and to do partial reduction--Even when total reduction is radiologically obtained a surgical control is done with routine appendicectomy.- The rate of recurrence is 3,2% occurring from 1 to 2 years after surgery. In 18% of our cases (23 patients) an organic etiology was discovered at surgery but in one patient only this was documented ona barium enema which demonstrated the necessity of systematic laparotomy. PMID- 6671264 TI - [Ganglioneuroblastoma of the head of the pancreas. Report of a case in a 2-year old boy]. AB - This is a case report of a two years old young boy whose abdominal tumor was discovered by a routine examination. The mass was a huge, solid and painless one, located anteriorly in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Abdominal X-ray, IVP and ultrasonography showed a calcified mass with a normal right kidney. Urinary catecholamine excretion was significantly increased and the diagnosis of extrasurrenal prerenal sympathoblastoma was preoperatively suspected. Transverse laparotomy founded an encapsulated solid tumor, widening the duodenal loop and developing in the head of the pancreas. A cephalic duodenopancreatectomy was performed with an un eventful post-operative course. Histopathological examination confirmed it was a ganglioneuroblastoma of the head of the pancreas with lymphatic metastasis and local invasion of the neighbouring pancreas with immature tissues. The child was then treated with radiotherapy (35 Grays) and chemotherapy (Oncovin-Endoxan alternated with Oncovin-Adriamycine). The boy is now in good health with a two years follow up. Malignant pancreatic tumors are exceedingly rare in the pediatric age group (about 40 cases in the literature). Most of them are carcinoma and sympathoblastoma is quite exceptional (Research has yielded only one case : Bienayme, 1976). The presence of a nervous tumor in such an unusual position explains the lack of precision in the preoperative location and brings up the difficult question of prognosis. It leads to pathogenic hypothesis. PMID- 6671265 TI - [Oxalate lithiasis associated bith abetalipoproteinemia. Report of a case]. AB - A case of oxalate lithiasis associated with Abetalipoproteinemia is reported. The excessive absorption of dietary oxalate in this patient with fat malabsorption occurs because unabsorbed fatty acids in the bowel lumen combine with calcium ions which would otherwise impair oxalate absorption by forming insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. The medical management include dietary fat restriction and supplements of the fat soluble vitamins A, E and K. The prognostic is poor particularly in the neurological and retinal component of this disease. PMID- 6671266 TI - [Leptospirosis on the Island of Reunion. I. Human leptospiroses]. AB - Human leptospiroses in the island of Reunion have a common point: they are severe diseases. Approximately 50 to 60 cases are biologically diagnosed every year. The number of cases is correlated with rainfall. The predominating serogroup is Icterohaemorrhagiae, followed by Canicola, Grippotyphosa and Australis. PMID- 6671267 TI - [Leptospirosis on the Island of Reunion. II. Animal leptospiroses]. AB - Bovine leptospirosis is a typical form in the island of Reunion. It appears during the second part of the rain season. The clinical picture of equine leptospirosis is acute hepatonephritis. About 10 serogroups are found in bovines, with greater frequency for Sejroe and Hebdomadis. In horses, the prevailing serogroups are Autumnalis, Ballum, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Australis, Grippotyphosa. PMID- 6671268 TI - [Leptospirosis on the Island of Reunion. III. Epidemiologic study]. AB - In the island of Reunion, rodents and wild dogs can be carriers of leptospires. Aquatic environmental plays an important part. Human contamination is associated with water and sugar cane. Animals are infected by numerous serogroups. PMID- 6671269 TI - [Current status of leptospirosis in Morocco (1979-1981)]. AB - Leptospiroses in Morocco have been studied from 1979 to 1981. In man, L. icterohaemorrhagiae is the most frequently diagnosed serotype. The highest incidence of positive diagnoses is found in Fes-Meknes area. Leptospirosis is a severe disease: 1 out of 3 patients is hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit. Rat is an essential carrier of germs in Casablanca. PMID- 6671270 TI - [Comparative results of coprological tests for the detection of intestinal amebae and flagellates in 200 male homosexuals. An appraisal of the risk of amebiasis]. AB - When comparing the results of coprological tests carried out in optimal conditions among 200 male homosexuals (MHS) (1) and 500 male heterosexuals, most of whom were suffering from intestinal disorders, it was found that 52% of MHS and only 3.6% of heterosexuals were Ent. histolytica carriers. The 14 to 1 ratio shows the "uncorrected" relative risk of amoebiasis among MHS, which becomes a 10 12 to 1 corrected relative risk, after taking into account intervening factors. Travelling to the tropics does not increase the incidence of amoebiasis among examined MHS. The occurrence rates of Ent. coli, End. nana, Giardia are higher among MHS, and the rates of two species which are usually rare, Pseudolimax (or Iodamoeba) and Enteromonas (flagellate of the colon), rise sharply in this group, although the occurrence rates of the other protozoa stay at the same level in both groups. Presently, we are unable to explain fully these different behaviors. The highly increased presence of intestinal protozoa and the unusual prevalence of some species among the MHS condition numerous and diversified parasitic associations. Some associations found only among MHS indicate oro-faecal contamination which is the only way for direct transmission of protozoa between individuals. PMID- 6671271 TI - [Incidence of intestinal parasitosis among the Batwa and Hutu pygmy tribes of Rwanda]. AB - The AA have carried out an epidemiological investigation on the incidence of intestinal parasitosis in groups of populations belonging to the pygmoid tribes Batwa and Hutu living in the Northern and Southern regions of Rwanda (East Africa). Positivity for intestinal parasites (protozoa and/or helminths) reached 100% in the 309 subjects examined, no significant difference in prevalence being observed between the Northern and Southern groups. Among the protozoa, E. coli and E. histolytica were most commonly found, while trichocephalosis and ascaridiasis were the most frequently encountered helminthiasis. The occasional finding of Strongyloides fulleborni infestation should also be pointed out. PMID- 6671272 TI - [Description of a new Aedes of the subgenus Ochlerotatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Madagascar: Aedes ambreensis n.sp. and general observations on the females of the subgenus Ochlerotatus in the Afro-tropical region]. AB - The authors describe the female of a new malagasy Aedes species belonging to the sub-genus Ochlerotatus, collected during epidemiological surveys on arboviroses: Ae. ambreensis n. sp. With this description, a review of Afro-tropical Ochlerotatus species is proposed, particularly on principal morphological female characters and geographical distributions. A key for identification of afro tropical adult females of the sub-genus Ochlerotatus is annexed. PMID- 6671273 TI - [Medical study of missionaries returning from overseas]. AB - The missionary Fathers live in very difficult conditions, very near local populations. The length of their stay is normally of 19 years (from 1 to 61 years). Among 345 files, most of which were drawn up after a stay in Asia, the malaria antecedents were found to be very frequent. The intestinal parasitic infestation (approx. 30%) is lower than in the autochthonous population with a majority of Trichuris trichuria (11%). PMID- 6671274 TI - [Computed x-ray tomography and multiple sclerosis (apropos of 30 cases of optic neuropathy)]. PMID- 6671275 TI - [Technics and value of conjunctival impression biopsy]. PMID- 6671277 TI - [Results of vitrectomy in diabetics using a 2d-generation vitreotome]. PMID- 6671276 TI - [Convergent strabismus and Pulfrich's phenomenon]. PMID- 6671278 TI - [Biopsy of the temporal arteries in 20 patients]. PMID- 6671279 TI - [Marginal ulcers and luteal insufficiency]. PMID- 6671280 TI - [Value of measuring tear pH in contactology]. PMID- 6671281 TI - [Treatment of detachments caused by giant tears and retinal inversion using a multiple decubitus table]. PMID- 6671282 TI - [Anteroposition of the inferior oblique muscle (apropos of 220 cases). Results in comparison with myectomy]. PMID- 6671283 TI - [Measurement of subjective aniseikonia--comparative study of the results of the haploscope, spacial eikonometer and polatest]. PMID- 6671285 TI - [Axonal electrovisiogram. Recording technic--clinical value]. PMID- 6671284 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the Nikon NR-1000F autorefractometer (preliminary study)]. PMID- 6671286 TI - [Electrophoresis study of lacrimal proteins of patients in contact lens practice]. PMID- 6671287 TI - [Severe infectious complication of soft hydrophilic lenses]. PMID- 6671288 TI - [Crystalline lens implants using Choyce's method and injuries to the eyeball]. PMID- 6671289 TI - [Leber's optic neuritis and micro-computers]. PMID- 6671290 TI - [Microsurgery of retinal detachment. Apropos of 58 cases--(1981)]. PMID- 6671291 TI - [False retinoschisis in myopic patients]. PMID- 6671292 TI - [Extensive arterial and choroidal occlusions in disseminated lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6671293 TI - [Acute chorio-vascular occlusion secondary to postpartum hypovolemic shock]. PMID- 6671294 TI - [Choroid metastasis of breast cancer. Reflections on 15 cases]. PMID- 6671295 TI - [Complete and bilateral retinal ischemia and vascular glaucoma]. PMID- 6671297 TI - [An unusual cause of optic atrophy in the child]. PMID- 6671296 TI - [Importance of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in poisoning caused by quinine]. PMID- 6671299 TI - [Natural history of an angioma of the pupil]. PMID- 6671298 TI - [Importance of vitrectomy in suppurative endophthalmia following surgery of cataracts]. PMID- 6671300 TI - [Conservative treatment of intraocular tumors in adults]. PMID- 6671301 TI - [Epidemiology and statistics on ocular poisoning]. PMID- 6671302 TI - [Viral keratoconjunctivitis, traumatic infectious keratitis and cortisone]. PMID- 6671303 TI - [Neurosensory changes following ocular contusion with an intraocular foreign body]. PMID- 6671304 TI - [Behavior of the retina in pseudophakia - apropos of 500 cases]. PMID- 6671305 TI - [Treatment of perforated retinal lesions without detachment immediately following cataract surgery with or without implant]. PMID- 6671306 TI - [Echography and prognosis of retinal detachment in aphakia]. PMID- 6671307 TI - [Use of air and gas in the treatment of detachment of the retina in aphakia]. PMID- 6671308 TI - [Importance of early skiascopy in the prevention of sensory motor disorders - preliminary study of 143 children from 8 to 13 months]. PMID- 6671309 TI - [Internal tamponade following removal of an intraocular foreign body]. PMID- 6671310 TI - [Implantation under Healon (effect on ocular pressure immediately following the operation)]. PMID- 6671311 TI - [Methods of eyelid reconstruction]. PMID- 6671312 TI - [Association of Leber-Coats disease and Fahr syndrome]. PMID- 6671314 TI - Scanner electron microscopy of the cervical mucus. AB - The cyclical changes that appear in the fibrillar structure of the cervical mucus are described using scanner electron microscopy (SEM). During ovulation the fibrillar mesh is formed of microfibers of 500 to 5000 A that form a large open network, that is not very dense noted by ample spaces (up to 40 mu) between the fibers. During the rest of the cycle the mesh is very dense and the fibers are very thick and less elastic. PMID- 6671313 TI - [Analysis and results of our first 2 years of microsurgery of detachment of the retina (without involving the vitreous body)]. PMID- 6671315 TI - Unilateral tubal pregnancy of twins. AB - A case of unilateral extrauterine twin pregnancy is presented. Even though this is a histopathological diagnosis, one might suspect it when facing an early rupture of tubal pregnancy preceeded by high beta-subunit HCG levels. PMID- 6671316 TI - Androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptors in vulvar dystrophy. AB - Assays have been developed for the quantitation of androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptors in the cytosol of 45 vulvar dystrophic tissues. In 27 patients we assayed only cytoplasmatic receptors, while in 18 patients both cytoplasmatic and nuclear receptors. The workers verified the possibility to assay these carriers, finding significant correlations neither with patient's age nor between atrophic and hypertrophic dystrophies. The research concerning the cytoplasmatic depletion and nuclear accumulation allowed us to understand the action mechanism of the androgen in vulvar tissues in patients in menopause. PMID- 6671317 TI - Considerations on tubal sterility of presumed psychogenic origin. AB - The Authors evaluate a certain number of patients presenting primary or secondary infertility, in the search of any emotional problem which could be responsible for it. While it is hard to demonstrate the psychological origin in some cases of infertility and to quantify its real incidence, the Authors point out the importance of ruling out any psychological factor at the beginning of the work-up for the infertile couple and particularly while ascertaining the tubal patency through the hysterosalpingography, a diagnostic technique which can be very stressing for women. PMID- 6671318 TI - Primary surgery in the treatment of cervical carcinoma. AB - The Author analyses the rationale for operative staging in cervical carcinoma. First-instance surgery in the treatment of this neoplasia can be merely exploratory, when during the operation radical removal of the neoplasia appears to be technically impossible. It can nevertheless identify the surgical stage, make lymphnodal histological control possible and detect target volumes for subsequent radiotherapy. In technically operable cases thanks to primary surgery not only can the primitive focus be controlled but through the pathologic study of the surgical specimen factors of risk for local or loco-regional relapse can be detected thus directing the planning of metasurgical radiotreatment. PMID- 6671320 TI - Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy in the study of infertile women. AB - The Authors confront the data obtained from HSG and laparoscopy carried out in women with sterility problems to evaluate the diagnostic validity of each one of these investigations. There is agreement between the results of both methods in 74.19% of the patients. They think that, for a conclusive evaluation of the tubal factor in infertility, laparoscopy is most useful. PMID- 6671319 TI - Ultrasound and hormonology in the diagnosis of hydatiform mole with coexistent foetus. A case report. AB - The Authors report a case of hydatiform mole coexistent with a 12 week old foetus. They suggest that a diagnosis of hydatiform mole cannot always be based on the results of ultrasound examination and that combined ultrasound/hormone assay investigation is a valid obstetric tool for formulating the diagnosis and prognosis of hydatiform mole. PMID- 6671321 TI - Chronic pelvic pain: psychosomatic aspects and clinico therapeutical reflections. AB - After describing the most common causes of chronic pelvic pain in women the Authors stress the importance of psychosomatic factors to the pathogenesis of chronic pelvic pain. Bearing this in mind it is easier to understand why the results of pharmacologic treatments often fail to come up to doctor's and patient's expectations. These limitations have often been stressed in the literature and several alternatives, like individual or group psychological treatment or, more recently, acupuncture, have been suggested. The Authors' proposal for treatment envisaged a dozen meetings to carry out skin reflexotherapy. Significant psychological elements came to light on those occasions and were subsequently discussed. The Authors' experience, though covering 15 cases only, is extremely encouraging and confirms the value of this reflexotherapeutical and psychosomatic approach which can really help patients who are chiefly alexitimic to overcome their problems. PMID- 6671322 TI - Fetal prolactin levels and respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Prolactin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in cord blood of infants between 28 and 40 weeks of gestation. Also infants, whose mothers received betamethasone prior to delivery, were examined. Between 33 and 36 weeks, the mean plasma cord prolactin levels in infants who developed RDS were significantly lower than HPRL levels in those infants who did not develop RDS. These findings suggest that betamethasone did not alter HPRL levels and point out the possibility of a role of prolactin in fetal lung maturation. PMID- 6671323 TI - Clinical staging versus operative staging in cervical cancer. AB - The Authors analyse the correlations between clinical staging (FIGO) and surgical staging in 152 patients affected by cervical cancer who underwent primary surgical therapy at the Gynecologic Institute of Padua University between 1974 and 1982. In the examined series clinical staging agrees with surgical staging in 2/3 of cases. The error percentage of clinical staging does not change significantly, from a statistical point of view, when staging varies. In those cases in which the two systems disagree the overstaging figure tends to decrease as staging becomes more severe while the clinical understaging figure tends to increase accordingly. On the basis of these results the Authors advocate a rational resort to operative staging in cervical cancer so as to evaluate the real topography of the original focus more accurately and plan the most adequate treatment. PMID- 6671324 TI - Prognostic factors in cervical carcinoma. AB - Primary surgical treatment in cervical carcinoma offers an unrepeatable chance to assess the biologic characteristics of the neoplasia by surgical staging and pathologic examination of the surgical specimen. The detection of factors of risk for locoregional diffusion, clinical staging being equal, can guide a subsequent target radio-treatment by identifying a group of patients at higher risk for relapses. The analysis of 155 cases of cervical carcinoma treated with radical primary surgery and pelvic lymphadenectomy at the Gynecologic Institute of Padua University has stressed the statistically significant correlation (P less than 0.05) existing between lymphatic diffusion and presence of neoplastic cells in capillaro-like spaces, degree of neoplastic cervical infiltration and parametrial diffusion. According to the Authors the presence of these features is a reliable basis to select patients eligible for post-surgery radiotreatment. PMID- 6671325 TI - Ultrasound placental study and fetal lung maturity. AB - This study was undertaken to ascertain the usefulness of placental development ultrasound study in prediction of RDS. We examined 96 women near term of pregnancy; the accuracy of placental maturity grades in predicting fetal lung maturity was compared with lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and with clinical development of RDS in the infants. We observed good correlation among ultrasound placental grades and fetal maturity. PMID- 6671326 TI - Computerized axial tomography in the evaluation of gynecologic pelvic masses. AB - The Authors retrospectively evaluate the advantages and limitations of CAT in 57 patients presenting suspected gynecologic pelvic masses. CAT showed great accuracy in identifying the presence or absence of the mass (only 3 false negatives and no false positive) whereas it diagnosed the nature of the lesion correctly only in 19 cases. In 41 cases the CAT provided clinically significant information adding to those of the gynecologic examination. Despite some limitations, CAT has proven to be a useful and accurate method to diagnose and evaluate suspected gynecologic masses before the surgical intervention. PMID- 6671327 TI - Ullrich-Turner's, Shereshevskij-Turner's or Morgagni's syndrome? AB - The Author reports the description of a woman presenting the anomalies of Turner's Syndrome in a study by Morgagni (1761). PMID- 6671328 TI - [Catecholamines and hypertension]. PMID- 6671329 TI - [Regulation of blood pressure by vasopressin]. PMID- 6671330 TI - [Hypothyroidism with serum anti-T3 autoantibody--a case report]. PMID- 6671331 TI - [Studies of ferritin levels during pregnancy, puerperium and in umbilical cords]. PMID- 6671332 TI - [Studies of serum TSH binding substance. Binding of TSH to thyroid plasma membrane]. PMID- 6671333 TI - [Experimental and clinical investigation of gastrin RIA kit II]. PMID- 6671334 TI - [Improved SPAC cortisol kit]. PMID- 6671335 TI - [Serum calcium determination by ion electrode and its clinical application]. PMID- 6671337 TI - [Regulatory mechanism of steroid receptors]. PMID- 6671336 TI - [Structure and function of insulin receptor]. PMID- 6671338 TI - [Steroid hormone receptors in the brain]. PMID- 6671339 TI - [Breast cancer and estrogen- and progesterone-receptors]. PMID- 6671340 TI - [Reversible renal artery stenosis associated with pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 6671341 TI - [Penile and clitoral size in premature and normal newborns, infants and children]. PMID- 6671342 TI - [Abnormal bone metabolism in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6671343 TI - [Serum free T3 determined by Corning FT3 RIA kit]. PMID- 6671344 TI - [Improved SPAC Cortisol II]. PMID- 6671345 TI - [Evaluation of SPAC Cortisol II]. PMID- 6671346 TI - [Serum CEA determination by polystyrene bead]. PMID- 6671347 TI - Neuroendocrinology. PMID- 6671348 TI - Current approaches to hypothalamic-pituitary radiology. AB - Currently computed tomography (CT) is the primary imaging modality for pituitary and hypothalamic lesions, although it is probable that NMR will supersede it. The range of size of the normal pituitary is considerable, with relatively larger glands occurring in adolescence and females of childbearing age. Asymptomatic microadenomas and cysts are not infrequent so that small low-density lesions in a gland on the borderline of enlargement can only be assessed in relation to clinical presentation. Patients presenting with clinical or biochemical evidence of abnormal pituitary hormone secretion or with an enlarged sella but without evidence of any neurological abnormality are likely to have either a small pituitary tumour or an empty sella and are investigated by thin section high resolution CT to produce coronal and sagittal images. Visual defects, paralysis of ocular muscles or hypothalamic disturbances, in the absence of clinical evidence of hypersecretion of pituitary hormones, may be due to a variety of pathologies. These cases are elucidated by plain plus contrast-enhanced CT, supplemented as necessary by angiography and computed cysternography after injection of non-ionic contrast media. Hypothalamic disturbances may occasionally complicate cerebral malformations which are also elucidated by cranial CT. PMID- 6671349 TI - Post-partum hemolytic uremic syndrome: treatment with plasma exchange. AB - Four patients with post-partum hemolytic uremic syndrome were treated with plasma exchange using fresh frozen plasma as replacement. Each patient had microangiopathic hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and progressive renal and hepatic failure. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was a major feature in each case. The microangiopathy and thrombocytopenia resolved in each patient following plasma exchange. Normalization of renal and hepatic function occurred in three patients, including one patient who died as a result of coronary artery dissection. One patient died as a result of an intracerebral bleed. Plasma exchange with fresh frozen plasma replacement appears to be of benefit if used early in the course of post-partum hemolytic uremic syndrome. PMID- 6671350 TI - Coagulopathy associated with the use of cephalosporin or moxalactam antibiotics in acute and chronic renal failure. AB - Nine azotemic patients who developed a coagulopathy associated with the use of either cephalosporin or moxalactam antibiotics are reported. The acute renal failure patients had neoplastic disorders and were considered to be septic at the time that multiple antibiotics were administered. Four of 5 chronic hemo- or peritoneal dialysis patients also received multiple antibiotics. Nevertheless, the coagulopathy seemed to be most closely associated with the administration of the cephalosporin. One patient received moxalactam as part of the combination therapy for diffuse pulmonary infiltration during renal transplant rejection. Bleeding occurred into the gastrointestinal tract in four patients, into the kidney-urinary tract in three patients, into vascular surgical sites in two patients, and one each into the pulmonary-bronchial and cerebral-ventricular systems. Five operations were performed in four patients: a nephrectomy for massive subcapsular hemorrhage with a prothrombin time that exceeded 100 seconds; arteriovenous graft complicated by post-operative bleeding associated with prolongation of the prothrombin time; elective femoral-popliteal bypass complicated by a prolonged prothrombin time, bleeding into the graft site, hypotension, and a subendocardial myocardial infarction; elective cholecystectomy complicated by a two unit bleed associated with a slightly prolonged prothrombin time, followed by elective femoral-popliteal bypass complicated by a fatal intercerebral bleed associated with a more than twice normal prothrombin time. Cephalosporins are most likely associated with Vitamin K deficiency. Moxalactam is more likely to be associated with platelet dysfunction. Monitoring of the prothrombin time for cephalosporins or the bleeding time for moxalactam is the most reliable way to prevent what may be rapid emergence of clinical bleeding in patients with renal failure. PMID- 6671351 TI - Hypophosphatemia-induced hypercalcemia during acute renal failure. AB - A case of hypophosphatemia-induced hypercalcemia during post-traumatic acute renal failure is described. Proposed causes for the hypophosphatemia include changes in tissue distribution of phosphate associated with hyperalimentation and phosphate losses during hemodialysis. In the absence of hyperparathyroidism the hypercalcemia as well as changes in osteoclast morphology found on bone biopsy are ascribed to a direct effect of hypophosphatemia on bone. PMID- 6671352 TI - High risk ratio on mortality and characteristics of malignancies in dialysis patients. AB - A questionnaire study was done in order to clarify the risk ratios on the mortality of malignancy and the characteristics of malignancies in dialysis patients. The risk ratios were 4.2 times in males and 7.5 times in females greater than those among the age adjusted general population respectively. The average interval from the first dialysis to the clinical onset of malignant disease was 12 months. About a half of the patients died within 3 months. Frequencies of death in colon cancer, especially rectum, uterus and liver were higher in dialysis patients. Dialysis patients died of malignancies belonged to the older group of the dialysis patient population, however they were younger comparing with those died of malignancies in the general population. PMID- 6671353 TI - A pharmacokinetic evaluation of the effect of plasma exchange on tobramycin disposition. AB - The effect of plasma exchange on the disposition of tobramycin was studied in three procedures done on two patients. Serum tobramycin levels were obtained when the subjects were off plasma exchange to calculate individualized tobramycin pharmacokinetic parameters. The amount of drug removed was measured and serum levels were obtained during plasma exchange. The effect of the procedure was evaluated by calculating the percentage of total body stores removed and comparing drug elimination half-life data on and off plasma exchange. The procedures resulted in the removal of 6.1%, 5.9% and 4.3% of total body stores of tobramycin. Plasma exchange provides an additional route of elimination for tobramycin which should be considered when dosing the drug in patients undergoing this procedure. PMID- 6671354 TI - The physiological surveillance of hemodialysis sessions by the continuous measurement of L.F. impedance of the circulating blood (Thomasset's method). AB - Everybody grants as a fact that hemodialysis disturbances are produced by volemia variations. During H-D the vascular sector is the necessary transit medium to withdraw excessive interstitial water. If this withdrawing is greater than the coming back of the interstitial water into the vascular sector, the plasmatic volume will be decreasing. Thus, to measure the variations of the plasmatic volume in circulating blood it is sufficient to effect a continuous measurement of these ones in a transducer having a definite volume. So, by the mean of an impedancemeter, 5 kHz impedance is continuously measured between the two electrodes of the transducer, because it is known (Thomasset's method) that at 5 kHz current uses only the plasma in order to pass from one electrode to another. PMID- 6671355 TI - Predictive value of atrial pacing test for survival of patients with coronary artery disease. AB - There is evidence that patients with signs of poor left ventricular function or marked ischemia at low work load during an exercise test have a poor prognosis for survival. To determine whether a pacing test can provide similar information, the 6-yr survival rate was computed in 118 medically-treated patients who had undergone a standardized atrial pacing test. Among the 118 patients, 80 had significant coronary artery disease (CAD). The variables measured for the atrial pacing test were: induced angina, myocardial lactate extraction (MLE), maximal heart rate (MHR) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) changes. There was no death in 38 patients without significant CAD. The 6-yr survival rate of the 80 patients with CAD was 84 +/- 4% (+/- SEM). Of all the variables, the combinations of MHR less than or equal to 150 beats min-1 during pacing associated with a LVEDP increase greater than or equal to 5 mmHg immediately after pacing or with MLE less than or equal to 0% during pacing constituted the best predictors. Patients with a MHR less than or equal to 150 beats min-1 and a LVEDP increase greater than or equal to 5 mmHg had a 6-yr survival of 56 +/- 12% in comparison to 92 +/- 3% for the remaining patients (P less than 0.001). Patients with a MHR less than or equal to 150 beats min-1 and MLE less than or equal to 0% during pacing had a 6-yr survival of 64 +/- 11% in comparison to 91 +/- 4% for the remaining patients (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6671356 TI - Right ventricular involvement in transmural inferior wall infarction: two dimensional echocardiographic and clinical correlations. AB - We used two-dimensional echocardiography to assess asynergy in the right (RV) and left (LV) ventricles in 34 selected patients with electrocardiographic evidence of acute transmural inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) 40 +/- 3 (SE) h from the onset of pain. We measured the extent of asynergy, defined as akinesis and/or dyskinesis, for RV and LV in 4 short axis sections and computed asynergy for both ventricles. The incidence of asynergy was 100% in the inferior LV, 76% in the inferior ventricular septum and 76% in the inferior RV. We found a direct correlation between peak creatine phosphokinase levels and LV asynergy (R = 0.71) or (RV + LV) asynergy (R = 0.72). The asynergy and right heart catheterization data correlated with clinical findings in 4 subgroups identified on the basis of hypotension (systolic blood pressure less than 100 mmHg) and pulmonary congestion, (confirmed radiographically): 1A, extensive biventricular asynergy (32% RV, 32% LV) with hypotension and congestion (N = 10); 1B, predominant RV asynergy (49% RV, 26% LV) with hypotension but no congestion (N = 5); 2A, predominant LV asynergy (7% RV, 26% LV) with congestion (N = 10); 2B less extensive biventricular asynergy (15% RV; 16% LV) and uncomplicated IMI (N = 9). Hypotension identified a high risk group (N = 15) prone to complications and death. The extent of RV asynergy was the third strongest discriminator for hypotension, next to systolic blood pressure and jugular venous pressure. The extent of LV asynergy was the strongest discriminator for pulmonary congestion. Among hypotensive patients, the RV/LV asynergy ratio was the strongest discriminator for pulmonary congestion, being significantly greater in those without congestion than in those with congestion (2.2 vs 1.0, P less than 0.001). The increased RV/LV asynergy ratio may be a useful index for predicting predominant RV infarction in IMI. PMID- 6671357 TI - Limitation of the atrial extrastimulus technique for assessment of the His Purkinje system in patients with right bundle branch block. AB - A prospective study of the usefulness of the atrial extrastimulus technique for assessment of the His-Purkinje system was undertaken in 19 consecutive patients with complete RBBB and an abnormal or indeterminate frontal QRS axis. A total of 59 basic cycle lengths (BCLs) could be analyzed in detail. The most common patterns of His-Purkinje conduction seen were simple linear (V1V2 vs H1H2, N = 49) or flat (H2V2 vs H1H2, N = 44) curves. This finding is related to the limitation imposed by interposition of the slowly conducting AV node between the site of the extrastimulus and the His-Purkinje system. One or more refractory periods could be measured in only 27% of BCLs (10 Effective Refractory Periods of the remaining intact His-Purkinje system plus 16 Functional Refractory Periods and 19 Relative Refractory Periods). No refractory periods of the His-Purkinje system could be determined in 8 of 19 patients (42%), the major limitation being slowed AV node conduction. The results suggest limited likelihood that additional clinically useful information about His-Purkinje system conduction can be obtained by the atrial extrastimulus technique, as used in this study, although it may be helpful in assessing other parts of the conduction system. PMID- 6671358 TI - Improvement in survival after recurrence of carcinoma of the breast. AB - The survival experience of 187 patients who developed recurrent breast carcinoma during the years 1961-1968 was compared to a similar series of 70 cases whose recurrences developed between 1975 and 1978. 'Modern' combination chemotherapy was available for the treatment of the later series of patients only. Survival from the time of recurrence was significantly longer in the more recently treated patients (median 22.8 vs 13.3 months, P = 0.002). The difference persisted when factors known to influence survival after recurrence were taken into account and did not appear to be due to earlier diagnosis of recurrence. These results, which suggest an impact of chemotherapy upon survival, are consistent with a few other studies, but contrast with recent reports from randomized trials that combination chemotherapy fails to prolong life. Possible explanations for these discordant findings are suggested. PMID- 6671359 TI - Staphylococcus aureus latex agglutination (Lat-SA) test for the diagnosis of S. aureus infection. AB - Animal models were established for Staphylococcus aureus generalized infection (septicemia), and for localized S. aureus infection (osteomyelitis and empyema) to evaluate the possible use of a S. aureus latex agglutination (Lat-SA) test as an indicator of S. aureus infection. Plasma, obtained from animals before and after S. aureus challenge, was used for the test. In the models of generalized infection, all nine rabbits and 13 of 20 (65%) rats had a positive Lat-SA test together with a positive blood culture. Only 3 of the 14 (21%) rats with negative blood cultures after S. aureus challenge had a positive test (P less than 0.05). In the models of localized infection, plasma samples were positive in all animals at some time after bacterial challenge, even if the animal was not bacteremic. Aspirates from bone marrow (2/2) for the osteomyelitis model and pleural exudate (2/2) for the empyema model were Lat-SA test positive and yielded S. aureus on culture. Plasma obtained from these animals before injection with bacteria were all negative by the Lat-SA test, as were plasma samples obtained from two rabbits after injection with S. epidermidis. Since these models mimic human disease, the Lat-SA test may be useful as a diagnostic aid for S. aureus infection in man. Further studies will be necessary to evaluate this. PMID- 6671360 TI - Latex agglutination test to identify coagulase, clumping factor and protein A produced by staphylococci. AB - Since a rapid latex agglutination method for identifying Staphylococcus aureus has recently been described, we attempted to identify which factors in staphylococci produce a positive reaction so as to indicate the possible applications and limitations of the test. Latex particles prepared with human plasma (latex-plasma), immune serum globulin (ISG) (latex-ISG) or bovine fibrinogen (latex-fibrinogen) were evaluated. Purified protein A or staphylococcal colonies possessing protein A caused latex-ISG and latex-plasma to agglutinate. Colonies which had clumping factor (CF) caused latex-fibrinogen and latex-plasma to agglutinate. A factor, with molecular weight and physical properties identical to staphylococcal coagulase, present in the supernatant of overnight broth inoculated with S. aureus caused latex-fibrinogen and latex plasma to agglutinate but not latex-ISG. Thus, when latex particles are prepared using plasma, the preparation appears to identify coagulase, CF and protein A. PMID- 6671361 TI - Occupational lung disease--past record and future trend using the asbestos case as an example. AB - Knowledge and understanding of the occupational lung diseases in the post World War II era has come from clarification of the underlying disease mechanisms (attributable to spectacular developments in the laboratory sciences in particular physiology) and from epidemiologic studies clarifying their relationship to occupational exposure. In the case of exposure to asbestos, the risk for all the serious asbestos-related pulmonary diseases (fibrosis of the lungs and pleura, as well as cancer of these organs) has been shown to increase with increasing exposure. However, it is evident that there are considerable differences in risk between workforces, differences believed to be the consequence of differences in the physical (i.e. size) as well as chemical characteristics of the dust clouds to which the different work forces are exposed. Two key questions as yet unanswered are the risk at low level exposure, and the critical characteristics of fibers, physical and/or chemical, which determine pathogenicity. Answers to these questions will determine the future role of this mineral in our society. PMID- 6671362 TI - Plasma lysosomal enzymes in experimental and clinical endotoxemia. AB - Endotoxins, which are lipopolysaccharide complexes derived from the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of gram-negative septic shock. One possible mechanism of endotoxin-induced damage may involve an action at cell surface membranes resulting in cell injury and lysosomal enzyme release. In our experiments, the administration of purified E. coli endotoxin (2 mg/kg intravenously) to guinea pigs produced elevations in the plasma activity of the lysosomal hydrolases glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and Cathepsin D of approx. 2-, 3- and 4-fold, respectively, at 5 h following endotoxin injection. Animals haemorrhaged to produce sustained hypotension that was greater than the reduction in blood pressure seen with endotoxin treatment, exhibited an elevation only in plasma Cathepsin D activity that was, however, significantly lower than the increase associated with endotoxemia. The three lysosomal hydrolases were also measured in man, including a control group, patients with gram-negative septic shock, other shock, gram-positive and gram-negative septicaemia without shock. Plasma Cathepsin D activity was significantly elevated (26-fold above control) in the group with gram-negative septic shock as compared to all other groups. Patients in the gram-negative septic shock group and the other shock group both had significantly greater glucosaminidase activity than controls. Our results suggest that plasma Cathepsin D measurements may be of diagnostic and prognostic value in the clinical management of gram-negative septic shock. PMID- 6671363 TI - Abnormal alanine aminotransferase level in blood units from donors in Montreal does not indicate high risk of transmitting hepatitis. AB - We undertook a prospective study to estimate the risk in Montreal of developing hepatitis following transfusion of blood with an elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level. Two thousand consecutive donor units were screened for ALT activity; 133 (6.7%) had values greater than or equal to 51 IU 1(-1). Twenty-four patients received one or more units with elevated ALT levels and completed follow-up; two (8%) developed hepatitis (one of these was type B hepatitis). One of the 10 'control' patients who received only units with normal ALT levels also developed hepatitis. In this study, the risk of transfusion transmitted hepatitis was the same in recipients of blood units with abnormal ALT levels as in those who received only blood with normal ALT, and very similar to the risk reported in other studies for recipients of volunteer donor blood with normal ALT. These findings require confirmation by a larger study, but suggest that the hepatitis risk associated with transfusion of high-ALT blood may be lower in Montreal than has been reported in several centers in the U.S. PMID- 6671364 TI - Considerations about the relationship of inhibitory concentrations and the pharmacologic and toxic properties of antimicrobial agents. AB - Too little attention has been given to the correlation of antimicrobial susceptibility tests and the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial agents. Ability to perform and provide reproducible, rapid, minimal inhibitory concentration data, combined with the knowledge of serum levels, can be used to yield inhibitory quotients which will improve the chemotherapy of serious infections. Antimicrobial susceptibilities have to be provided rapidly for the life threatening infections that occur in certain clinical settings. Antimicrobial susceptibilities also must be provided in a manner that demonstrates that one may not be able to achieve therapeutic concentrations with certain drugs. We have reached an era in which knowledge of an organism being susceptible or resistant is no longer adequate. PMID- 6671366 TI - Improved immunologic detection of Clostridium difficile antigen by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - An improved counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) procedure for detection of Clostridium difficile antigen is described. Commercially available antiserum to C. difficile toxin was absorbed with whole cells of C. difficile. CIE (absorbed) was 100% sensitive and 77.5% specific when compared to the tissue culture toxin assay. Instances are noted in which the CIE (absorbed) and/or bacterial culture was positive and the tissue culture assay was negative. PMID- 6671365 TI - Antigen-specific immunoglobulins in patients with acute pulmonary, chronic pulmonary, or disseminated histoplasmosis. AB - Patients infected with Histoplasma capsulatum exhibit protean clinical manifestations and similarly express variable humoral immune responses. Therefore, the specific goals of this study were to more clearly define host immune responses by determining the concentrations of total and H. capsulatum specific immunoglobulins in sera from patients with acute or chronic pulmonary and disseminated histoplasmosis. H. capsulatum-specific (AS) IgG, IgA and IgM, and total IgE were determined by radioimmunoassays while total IgG, IgA, and IgM were quantitated by laser nephelometry. In general, total IgG and IgA were elevated, while IgM and IgE were either decreased or normal for the three clinical forms of histoplasmosis studies. Antigen-specific IgG and IgA were markedly elevated in all classes of disease, whereas AS-IgM was only slightly increased. Total and AS-IgG were elevated in the sera of chronic patients directly proportional to the number of demonstrable precipitin bands. PMID- 6671367 TI - Metabolic acidosis. PMID- 6671368 TI - Hypertension in older people. PMID- 6671369 TI - Boom areas: implications for mental health care systems. AB - Areas of rapidly shifting population are a perennial phenomenon. Such occurrences offer particular challenges to mental health services. The boom areas which have developed recently in the southwestern rim of the United States have highlighted certain inadequacies in our mental health system. The Houston Consortium, a multi institutional endeavor, offers one model for addressing these problems. This model emphasizes innovative educational programs geared to local service needs. PMID- 6671370 TI - Systems planning for the 80s: the Nebraska Mental Health Desired Service System model. AB - In an effort to address the complex realities of mental health service delivery in the 1980s, a systems model for planning and policy making has been developed. The model, called "the Nebraska Mental Health Desired Service System," can serve as a template for future service delivery system design. The development of the model and issues attendant to it are presented. Application of the model to planning, fiscal management, system management, politics, human resources development, and services coordination is presented. PMID- 6671371 TI - Development, implementation, and findings of a continuing client satisfaction survey. AB - Development of a client-satisfaction survey is described and details are given for sampling clients and iterating survey mailings on a monthly basis. Consent rates, response rates, confidentiality concerns, and costs are discussed on the basis of one year of data collection experience. Analyses revealed a general satisfaction factor and problem severity factor for both active and terminated clients. A factor of improvement was found for active clients. The utility of continuous monitoring of client satisfaction is discussed. PMID- 6671372 TI - Classification decisions within psychogeriatric day care. AB - Classification decisions play a central role in implementation of day care services. A case study is presented which examines classification decisions within an outpatient multilevel psychogeriatric day care program at a state psychiatric center. Staff cited as relevant criteria: social isolation, severity of psychopathology, home emotional climate, activity, ADL and mental status. Issues related to utilization of criteria, such as relevance, consensus, definition and program changes, are discussed. PMID- 6671373 TI - A documented evaluation of primary prevention through consultation. AB - Mental health consultation was offered to an administrative group that anticipated turmoil in their religious community from introduction of change. Data collected on community members prior to consultation, two years, and four years later to study the spread of effect, showed significant improvement in support and well-being from 1977 to 1979 and from 1977 to 1981. A decreasing trend in the community's anxiety level observed in 1979 was maintained in 1981. Evaluation of consultee satisfaction and ongoing consultee programs also showed positive results from this primary prevention effort. PMID- 6671374 TI - Enhancing the utilization of outpatient mental health services. AB - This article describes two sets of field studies undertaken by the program evaluation unit of a community mental health center. These studies analyzed clients' utilization of service and assessed service impact in the process of testing procedural variations in service delivery. In the first set of studies, a procedure for ensuring verbal client-therapist contact prior to the first appointment was developed and tested. This procedure reduced the no-show rate for initial appointments from 22 to 12%. In the second set of studies, a brief pretherapy orientation nearly eliminated dropout during the first month of therapy. Orientation had both short- and long-range impact on the amount of services used by clients as well as on their outcomes. Therapist's global ratings of client functioning reflected more change for oriented clients, who reported greater short-term symptom reduction as well. Non-oriented clients were more likely to drop out early and to impress their therapists less favorably. The results of these studies suggest that a combination of pretherapy orientation and verbal client-therapist contact prior to the initial appointment might greatly reduce the failure to complete treatment. PMID- 6671375 TI - Swine fever. Immunisation of piglets. AB - Vaccination against Swine Fever using the CL Chinese strain can be done in 7-day old piglets if they are born of non-immune sows. The simultaneous weaning and vaccination emphasises the safety of this strain. The excellent immunity observed confirms the immunocompetence of 7-day-old piglets. In piglets born of immune sows and also weaned at 7 days, passive protection can extend beyond the age of 2 months if the sow is vaccinated several months prior to gestation. The immune level of the piglets would seem to depend on the interval between vaccination of the sow and farrowing and can be attributed to the quality of the antibodies transmitted by the colostrum. Piglets born of sows vaccinated 10 months prior to farrowing can be vaccinated as early as 5 weeks; the protection percentage observed at the age of about 6 months is over 80%. A booster injection at this age then confers immunity to future breeders throughout their economic life, i.e. 4 years in the reported experiment. PMID- 6671376 TI - Effect of administration of anti-bursal extract or perfusate serum on the antibody production in chickens. AB - Antisera to bursal extracts or perfusates were prepared and the influence of such sera on antibody production in chickens was investigated by the injection of antisera during the embryonic stage. Antisera to cyclophosphamide treated bursal extracts or bursal perfusates were injected on the 15th day of embryogenesis. The level of antibodies produced by chickens treated by these antisera was equal to the controls but IgG antibodies were totally absent. These results suggested that the administration of these antisera inhibited the differentiation of IgM antibody producing cells. PMID- 6671377 TI - [Immunocompetence of newborn calves: evaluation of the proliferative response of lymphocytes in vitro to 3 nonspecific mitogens (concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen) during the 1st 3 months of life]. AB - A micromethod technique was used to evaluate in vitro sensitivity of the peripheric bovine lymphocytes obtained from a newly born calf, up to 3 months of age to different non-specific mitogens: Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) Concanavaline A (Con A) and Pokeweed Mitogen (PWM). The results obtained show that the calf lymphocytes respond to the 3 mitogens by a considerable cellular proliferation. The blastogenic response was found at various levels during the first 3 months of life, and appeared to stabilize at levels similar to the adult bovine. Highly sensitive variations were noted in the lymphocyte reactivity, notably with PHA and Con A. These results seem to indicate the existence of periods of T cell immunodeficiency, not only during the first few days after birth, but throughout the first months of the calves' life. It may also be indicative of the interest of immunostimulant therapy during this period, which needs further investigation. PMID- 6671378 TI - Anomalous electrophoretic behavior of a cyanogen bromide peptide from type III collagen. AB - The relationship between relative mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels and the logarithm of molecular weight was linear for peptides derived by CNBr cleavage from purified collagen chains. One striking exception was found: when the CNBr peptide alpha 1(III)CB-8 was subjected to electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide slab gel calibrated with other peptides derived from the type III collagen chain, its relative mobility corresponded to a molecular weight of approximately 8,000. On a gel calibrated with globular proteins, its apparent molecular weight was 12,000. Its actual molecular weight, as determined by gel filtration and by amino acid analysis, is approximately 12,000. The dodecyl sulfate-protein binding ratio for this peptide did not differ from that of other collagenous peptides or globular proteins. Free electrophoretic mobilities and retardation coefficients were determined for selected collagenous peptides and globular proteins by electrophoresis on tube gels of different concentrations of acrylamide. By these indices, alpha 1(III)CB 8 resembled a globular protein rather than a collagenous peptide. Presumably, some difference in primary structure of this peptide results in conformational changes of its complex with dodecyl sulfate, such that the peptide-dodecyl sulfate complex behaves more like a globular protein than a collagenous peptide on polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 6671379 TI - Biochemical characterization of collagens and of a non-collagenous protein synthesized by guinea pig lung fibroblasts in culture. AB - Employing various radioactive amino acids, protein biosynthesis by guinea pig lung fibroblasts has been studied in monolayer culture. The cells were shown to synthesize and secrete several collagenous and noncollagenous proteins. The biosynthesized macromolecules have been characterized employing molecular sieve and ion exchange chromatography (DEAE-cellulose column), SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and enzymatic digestion. It was found that the guinea pig lung fibroblasts synthesized mainly type I procollagen molecules which appeared in the media in various stages of cleavage. The intact procollagen molecules and the various processed products were identified by their electrophoretic migration in SDS-polyacrylamide slab gels and further characterized by 1) elution position on SDS-agarose columns under reducing conditions; 2) hydroxyproline content; 3) change in elution position on SDS-agarose after pepsin digestion; 4) chromatographic separation on DEAE-cellulose columns and electrophoretic mobility of the various peaks; and 5) susceptibility to collagenase digestion. Slab gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions of aliquots of culture media after limited pepsin digestion indicated the presence of disulfide-bonded type III collagen alpha-chains. In addition, the lung fibroblasts synthesized a non collagenous protein composed of two disulfide-bonded chains. The individual chains appeared to have a molecular weight of approximately 220,000 when examined under reducing conditions. This protein has been identified as fibronectin based on its molecular weight, its resistance to collagenase attack, its susceptibility to protease digestion and its precipitation with specific antisera to fibronectin. PMID- 6671381 TI - Collagen fibril diameter and its relation to collagen turnover in three soft connective tissues in the rat. AB - Collagen fibril diameters were measured in electron micrographs of rat skin, gingiva and periodontal ligament. Gingiva was divided into two zones, termed elastin-containing gingiva and attached gingiva, depending on the presence or absence of elastic fibrils. The results revealed that skin had the largest fibrils, followed by elastin-containing gingiva, attached gingiva and periodontal ligament respectively. These differences in fibril diameter were highly significant. The observed trend in fibril diameter was the inverse of that documented for collagen turnover and collagen phagocytosis in the same tissues. A link between fibril diameter and collagen turnover is discussed. PMID- 6671380 TI - Healing of biodegradable vascular prosthesis. Incorporation of 3H-valine into proteins in the subendothelial scar and host intima-media of rat aorta. AB - Heparin treated and aldehyde crosslinked rat aorta segments were implanted in infrarenal aorta of homologous rats. One year following aortic replacement, the subendothelial scar and the prosthetic remnants were excised. The scar and the host intima-media were incubated with 3H-valine for 4 h and extracted with 5 M guanidinium chloride--0.05 M dithiothreitol--0.1 M Tris--0.1% EDTANa2 at pH 7.5 prior (Extract 1) and following (Extract 2) hydrolysis of collagen. The radioactivity of extract 1 accounted for approximately 80% of the total label incorporated in the scar and host intima-media. The 3H-label of extract 1 adjusted for the tissue collagen content was about twenty times higher in the scar than in the host aorta. The major 3H protein peaks from Extract 1 of scar and host aorta were of 130 K, 100 K and 70 K apparent molecular weight, based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS. Hydrolysis with 2N KOH of the extraction residue from the host aorta and scar yielded 3H-val-pro dipeptides and hydrolysis with 6N HCl desmosines. The incorporation pattern of 3H-valine into proteins and the presence of elastin synthesized de novo in the scar replacing the prosthesis indicate macromolecular repair of the host aortic wall. PMID- 6671382 TI - Effects of physical stress on the synthesis and degradation of cartilage matrix. AB - The effects of mechanical stress on the metabolism of dog femoral head cartilage have been investigated. The model involves exercising the dog on a treadmill for an 8-month period and isolating the cartilage proteoglycans from three different anatomical regions of the femoral head. These regions are 1) the articulating area, which shows degenerative changes, 2) the area surrounding the articulating area, and 3) the non-articulating area. The hexosamine analysis of cartilage from the exercised animals, indicates 43% and 21% decreases in regions 1 and 2, respectively, while in region 3 no significant change was observed. The size of the proteoglycan aggregates and monomers also decreased with exercise in regions 1 and 2, and the cartilage from these two regions also incorporated more radioactive sulfate, suggesting a possible attempt to repair the degenerative alterations. The proteoglycan monomer (D1) from the articulating region of exercised dogs failed to interact with hyaluronic acid, while the monomers from other regions in the same animal did interact. Glycosaminoglycan chains from region 1 were smaller than in the control tissue, and there was an increase in chondroitin-4-sulfate synthesis. The results of the present study indicate that the cartilage from the articulating area and the surrounding area resist mechanical deformation by increasing synthetic activity. These observations suggest that the exercised animal can be a valuable model and provide increased understanding of the mechanism of cartilage degeneration. PMID- 6671383 TI - Viscoelastic behavior of human connective tissues: relative contribution of viscous and elastic components. AB - Stress-relaxation tests were performed at successive strain levels on strips of human aorta, skin, psoas tendon, dura mater, and pericardium. The elastic fraction, the equilibrium force divided by the initial force, was calculated at each strain increment. In the aorta, the elastic fraction decreased with strain and was modeled as the transfer of stress from elastic to collagen fibers, while in skin it increased with strain, probably due to the rearrangement of individual collagen fiber orientations, resulting in an aligned collagen network at high strains. The strain-independent elastic fractions for tendon, dura mater, and pericardium were similar, and approximately equal to the values found for aorta and skin at high strains. It was hypothesized that the elastic fraction is related to the type of fiber loaded, and the tissue geometry. This analysis may be useful in studying disease-induced changes in the mechanical properties of connective tissues. PMID- 6671384 TI - Ultrastructural properties of collagen fibrils in rat intestine. AB - Collagen fibers (bundles of fibrils) of rat small intestine as observed by Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy were densely packed in parallel undulating arrays. At the electron microscopical level the diameters of intestinal collagen fibrils increased gradually from 50 nm at three weeks of age to 80 nm at 12 months of age. At each age the fibril diameters were fairly uniform in size. At three weeks or six months of age collagen fibrils from stretched, salted samples were somewhat larger in diameter (12-16%) than those from unstretched, unsalted samples. A biaxial orientation existed between bundles of collagen fibrils at angles that varied from 32 degrees to 81 degrees with a mean of 60 degrees. Thus, intestinal collagen at the fibril level is aligned at varying angles to the longitudinal and circular directions of the intestine. PMID- 6671385 TI - Urinary excretion of catecholamines in patients with primary aldosteronism before and after unilateral adrenalectomy. AB - The authors compared urinary excretion of noradrenalin (NA), adrenalin (A) and dopamine (DA) in 12 patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), 54 healthy controls and 17 patients with fixed benign essential hypertension (BEH), and in PA investigated the changes occurring in the catecholamine spectrum after removal of aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma. The patients with PA before adrenalectomy differed from the controls and patients with BEH by low NA excretion and high DA excretion. After unilateral adrenalectomy, patients with PA presented simultaneously with BP, aldosterone and renin normalization a rise in NA excretion and a drop in urinary DA to similar or lower values than those found in the controls and BEH. The results show that changes in urinary catecholamines excretion in A may be a secondary consequence of hypermineralocorticism. High DA may be the consequence of a mobilization of contra-regulatory natriuretic mechanisms in the course of aldosterone-induced sodium retention. Low NA and A may participate in lowering the plasma renin activity which in PA in suppressed, sometimes disproportionately to the actual body sodium content. PMID- 6671386 TI - Incidence of ischaemic heart disease in relation to blood cholesterol level, and the influence of non-medicamentous preventive measures on the cholesterol level in an open population. AB - Results are presented of a prospective study of the male population of Kaunas, aged 45-59 years, who were examined in 1972-1974 within the framework of the Kaunas-Rotterdam Study. Among 2,034 men, who at the first examination were without signs of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), there appeared after 7.4 years 75 cases of IHD. The age-adjusted IHD incidence per 1,000 inhabitants amounted in the 1st quartile of blood cholesterol (CS) distribution to 12.1, in the IInd quartile to 23.8, in the IIIrd quartile to 40.3 and in the IVth quartile to 69.6. Analysis of the findings carried out by using the multiple logistic function showed that the Cs level ranked first among all investigated IHD risk factors. The influence of nonmedicamentous preventive measures on the CS level was studied within the framework of the programme of assessing the effectiveness of multifactorial IHD prevention in subjects with a CS level of 6.72 mM/l and more, who at the initial examination were without signs of IHD. After two years of the operation of preventive measures, the CS level decreased by 11.6% vs. the initial value. PMID- 6671389 TI - Asymmetrical evoked potentials in response to face stimuli. AB - Evoked potentials were recorded from temporal, parietal and occipital regions in normal right-handed controls during presentation of known and unknown faces, geometric designs and pattern reversal. The results show a significant right greater than left amplitude asymmetry of P300 for face stimuli but not for geometric designs or pattern reversal. P100 showed no such asymmetry. The results provide physiological evidence to suggest that there is an interhemispheric difference in the processing of faces. PMID- 6671388 TI - [Hemodynamic changes after application of vasoactive substances in cats with unilateral renal artery constriction in addition to sinoaortal baroreceptor deafferentation]. AB - The relationship between total peripheral resistance (TPR), cardiac output (CO) and venous return (VR) and their role in the response of mean arterial pressure (MAP) on intravenous adrenalin (10 micrograms/kg) and angiotensin II (0.5 micrograms/kg), resp., were investigated in normal cats (A), cats with unilateral renal artery stenosis (B) and cats with sinoaortal baroreceptor deafferentation (C). In the maximum MAP increase in group A there participated both TPR and VR through altered CO. In group B the MAP increased after angiotensin II only in consequence of an enhanced TPR, whereas the VR response was dampened; only after adrenalin the VR contributed a little to MAP increase through CO. In group C, the MAP increase after both substances was due exclusively to increased TPR; at a restricted ejection capacity of the heart the VR cannot act on the level of blood pressure. PMID- 6671387 TI - Surgical treatment of atrial septal defects. AB - An analysis is presented of the results attained in 207 patients operated for isolated atrial septal defect at Centre of Cardiac Surgery in Brno from Jan. 1, 1978 to March 31, 1982. The paper discusses classification of the defects, the surgical procedure, results and complications, as well as indications and counterindications for surgery. Early mortality was zero. Emphasis is placed on the need to operate as soon as possible after detection of a haemodynamically significant shunt, i.e. before developing pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6671391 TI - rCBF for middle-aged males and females during right-left discrimination. AB - rCBF was measured in 10 male and 10 female normal righthanders with an average age of 44.2 years. For the measures f1 and IS significant occipital lobe activation was produced bilaterally and for the measure IS significant left hemisphere parietal activation was produced also by a visually presented right left discrimination cognitive activation task over and above the activation produced by a sensorimotor control task. The amount and pattern of blood flow changes were similar for both sexes. Performance of males on the cognitive task was not significantly better than that of females. However, an inverse relationship was found for males but not females between cognitive task performance and percentage increase in IS for all regions showing significant cognitive activation. PMID- 6671390 TI - Birth order, maternal age, season of birth, and handedness. AB - The handedness of 1,186 children about to enter kindergarten was tested. The sample represented approximately 98 percent of all children of this age in a school system during 8 years. Handedness was examined in relation to birth order, maternal age at birth, and sex, for 1,097 subjects (92.5%), and in relation to season of birth for the total sample. The finding that there were significantly more nonright-handed boys for birth orders one and four-or-later, than for two and three, provides support for Bakan (1971). There was a nonsignificant increase in nonright-handedness for boys born to the youngest (less than 20) and oldest (less than 30) mothers. A significant seasonal effect for the birth of nonright handed boys was observed. For each of the fall and winter months (September - February) the proportion of nonright-handed male births was higher than that for any of the spring and summer months. For girls, no significant effects on handedness were observed, for birth order, maternal age, or season of birth. PMID- 6671393 TI - Elaboration of representations in a left-handed subject with callosal damage. AB - Four experiments were carried out in a familial left-handed patient who, following a vascular accident, underwent a callosal lesion and had a right hemianopia. Previous observations by Poncet et al. (1978) demonstrated that both hemispheres controlled expressive language. In the first experiment haptic unimanual exploration showed that each system (right hand/left hemisphere; left hand/right hemisphere) elaborated very different mental representations of the stimulus and gave different types of verbal report of it (naming and talking about). In the second experiment, manual exploration of a maze in the search of a target was performed randomly with the right hand and following a competent spatial strategy with the left hand. The third experiment investigated the ability of the right hemisphere to discriminate the phonetic features of the names of objects that were identified but not named. In the fourth experiment, recognition memory of objects was shown to be better when information was processed by the left hand - right hemisphere system than by the right hand - left hemisphere system. Findings are discussed in terms of verbal vs. non-verbal processes and of perceptual awareness. PMID- 6671392 TI - Directional scanning or reporting preferences are not the cause of visual hemifield x report interactions. AB - Young, Bion and Ellis (1980) and Young and Bion (1981) suggested that findings of visual hemifield x report interactions in the naming of bilaterally presented line drawings reflect cerebral hemisphere differences in ability to effect the temporary storage needed when an identified drawing must be reported second. This interpretation has been questioned on the grounds that such a result could also arise from a preference for left to right over right to left scanning or reporting of stimuli. This directional preference account is shown to be untenable because when subjects fixate to one side of both members of horizontal pairs of drawings there is no sign of the (left or right) drawing position x report interaction that it predicts. PMID- 6671394 TI - Is prosopagnosia more frequent in males than in females? AB - A case review of prosopagnosia was carried out and male-female incidence of the disorder compared to relative male-female incidence of cerebro-vascular disease in general. Prosopagnosia was found to occur significantly more frequently in males than in females. Possible implications of this finding vis-a-vis male female differences in cerebral organization are discussed and topics for further investigation are suggested. PMID- 6671395 TI - Event-related potentials and reaction times as measures of hemispheric differences for physical and semantic Kanji matching. AB - Hemispheric differences associated with Physical Identity Matching and Semantic Classification of Japanese characters (Kanji) were examined using visual event related potentials and behavioural measures. Event-related potentials to the Kanji during matching tasks revealed hemispheric differences in the later components. Right hemisphere responses were larger than those or the left. The interaction of Types of Matches by Hemispheres was not significant. This interaction however was significant with the behavioural measure. On Semantic Classification Matching reaction times for right-visual-field Kanji were faster than those of the left field while no visual field difference was found for Physical Identity Matching. The sensitivity of both measures as indicators of laterality is discussed from the point of view of levels of processing. PMID- 6671396 TI - Exploring the aphasiac's naming disturbances; a new approach using the neighbourhood limited classification method. AB - The patterns of errors observed in eighteen patients with aphasia naming 42 different items presented 5 times in random succession were analyzed by the N.L.C. (Neighbourhood Limited Classification) method. The initial and last responses for each item were considered. The procedure allowed the computation of an improvement coefficient for each patient, illustrating the capacity to modify an initially erroneous response. For each type of response a cluster analysis was performed and a grouping of patients was obtained; in both cases some patients had close to normal scores. Clustering was chiefly a function of severity of word finding disturbance. Phonemic paraphasias follow a more independent course, allowing additional clustering. In the future, more importance should be given to their discriminative value in the taxonomy of naming disturbances. PMID- 6671397 TI - Color "amnesia" without aphasia. AB - Following an apparent left parietal CVA, a patient developed a severe and nearly complete color amnesia which was not associated with any disturbance in color vision or color perception. Like all previously reported cases with color amnesia, this patient was alexic but, unlike most previously reported cases, he was not aphasic. PMID- 6671398 TI - Sex differences in the cognitive effects of unilateral brain damage: comparison of stroke patients and normal control subjects. AB - Our original paper on the influence of the sex of the patients on the cognitive effects of unilateral brain damage mainly described the differences found between the various lesion groups (left/right, male/female) and said little about comparisons between these groups and our control subjects. Such comparisons are examined here; they confirm that the major sex differences after such brain damage appear in tasks intended to involve nonverbal processing. This evidence supports the hypothesis that women, to a greater extent than men, may employ verbal, left hemisphere processing to solve ostensibly nonverbal problems. PMID- 6671399 TI - [Deafness, mutism and behavior problems caused by bitemporal cerebral lesions]. AB - The case of a 29 years old woman with bilateral ischemic lesions in superior temporal and temporo-parietal areas is presented. An important speech reduction evolving toward muteness is associated to cortical deafness and behavior perturbations. The study of symbolic functions shows the partial respect of occipital activities and connexions between visual system and areas supporting graphism and manual praxia. The mechanisms of cortical deafness and secondary muteness is discussed, with reference to the previous descriptions. PMID- 6671400 TI - [Artificial lens implants apropos of the first 3 cases in Senegal]. PMID- 6671402 TI - [Pheochromocytoma in Black Africa; apropos of 3 new cases observed for a year at the Dakar General Hospital]. PMID- 6671401 TI - [Borreliosis caused by ticks in Senegal; apropos of 23 cases]. PMID- 6671403 TI - [2 gigantic mesenchymal pharyngo-laryngeal tumors]. PMID- 6671404 TI - [Statistical study on 265 extra-uterine pregnancies]. PMID- 6671405 TI - [Natural history of a case of hepatic amebiasis]. PMID- 6671406 TI - [Penetrating wounds of the neck; apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 6671407 TI - [Inverted papilloma of the nasal fossa; apropos of one case]. PMID- 6671408 TI - [Treatment of neonatal tetanus in Africa]. PMID- 6671409 TI - [Problems posed by intestinal occlusions at the Le Dantec Hospital]. PMID- 6671410 TI - [Observations on 129 cases of uterine fibroma observed at the Dakar University Hospital]. PMID- 6671411 TI - [Birth height at term in Cotonou]. PMID- 6671412 TI - [Review of indications for cesarean section at the Cotonou University Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic]. PMID- 6671413 TI - [Uterine rupture. Factors favoring their incidence and preventive measures]. PMID- 6671414 TI - Chronic alcoholism and myocardial disease. AB - Myocardial function was determined by echocardiographic and systolic time interval measurements in 24 abstinent chronic alcoholics and matched non alcoholic controls. In the patients, the measurements were taken sequentially 24 48 h after their last drink, 5-7 days later and 14-21 days after the second testing. All measurements were done without the investigators' knowledge of whose tracing he was evaluating. The results showed no significant deviation from normal values in any of the patients at any time and are in keeping with the assumption that chronic, excessive alcohol use by itself has no toxic effect on a healthy myocardium; excessive alcohol use probably plays a role by further impairing myocardial function in an already diseased heart. PMID- 6671415 TI - Accuracy of hospital discharge data: five alcohol-related diseases. AB - Accuracy of hospital discharge register data was studied by comparing 954 randomly selected abstracts to the respective medical records. The average percentages of agreement were: date of birth 98, date of admission 96, date of discharge 94, area of residence 93, principal diagnosis 91, disposition on discharge 89, marital status 84, third diagnosis 83, second diagnosis 76, social group 74, occupation 60, and source of admission 49. Accuracy of items was not related to alcohol etiology. An analysis of variance indicated that the number of items in agreement varied by both diagnosis and type of hospital. PMID- 6671416 TI - (--)-alpha-Acetylmethadol effects on alcohol and diazepam use, sexual function and cardiac function. AB - Selected behavioral and physiological effects of maintenance on (--)-alpha acetylmethadol (LAAM) were examined for 67 men beginning LAAM maintenance. Thirty four began LAAM maintenance after 1 month or more on methadone; 33 others were using street heroin immediately before beginning LAAM. Subjects were followed for 20 weeks on LAAM; assessment focused on changes in alcohol and diazepam use, sexual behavior and testicular function, and cardiovascular function. There was a trend toward increased alcoholism-related behaviors, but not consumption of alcohol, when on LAAM. Use of diazepam remained low. Subjects reported slightly enhanced sexual activity: reported number of ejaculations tended to increase, although interest in sexual activity remained constant. Semen volume values remained in the low normal range. In contrast to an earlier published report of reduced sperm motility in methadone and heroin users, normal motility was noted in this sample. The incidence of abnormal sperm morphology decreased from baseline to the end of the study. Cardiovascular function, as assessed by response to standard exercise, was unchanged during LAAM maintenance. Electrocardiograms revealed minor abnormalities prior to beginning LAAM maintenance; but these abnormalities did not consistently change during treatment. There is little evidence that the effects of LAAM maintenance differ from the effects of methadone maintenance on these behavioral and physiological functions. PMID- 6671417 TI - Objectives perceived by administrators within the 'decision to divert network': conflict and resolution. AB - The objectives involved in the process of diversion as perceived by the administrators of two independent 'decision to divert networks' were examined. These networks were at different stages of their development. The older City network had passed through the trauma of complete breakdown and reorganisation, in which the interdependent goals of court and clinic (provision of a diagnostic advisory service to aid the court in sentencing and enhancement of the individual offenders' opportunities to select appropriate treatment where necessary) were stressed. Acceptance of these goals by justice and health personnel overlaid the previous polarity of opinion on the major issues of voluntaryism, confidentiality of information etc. Data on the more recently initiated Northern Beach network was similar to the pre-reorganisation City data, indicating that we could be facing a set of common problems during initial attempts to translate the principles of diversion into hard practice. The reorganisation of the clinical/correctional interface to formalise the role of the linkage worker, was seen to be effective in maintaining the 'Decision to divert' network in functioning order. However, at least one major area of potential conflict remains. This concerns the large discrepancy between Justice and Health expectancies in regard to the results of diversion. Justice personnel are inclined to expect that diversion will 'cure' addiction while health workers settle for far more modest goals. PMID- 6671418 TI - Withdrawal seizures in black and white alcoholic patients: intellectual and neuropsychological sequelae. AB - An investigation was made of whether black alcoholics have a different response to having withdrawal seizures than white alcoholics, in terms of cognitive and other neuropsychological deficits. In a previous study it was found that white alcoholics with histories of withdrawal seizures did not demonstrate neuropsychological differences from white alcoholic patients without such histories. However, the apparently higher incidence of withdrawal seizures among blacks noted during screening of subjects for this study raised the question of whether the consequences of the seizure history might be different among blacks. The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery was administered to 22 white and 20 black alcoholic inpatients. Half of each group had a history of withdrawal seizures while the other half did not. The results of the study indicated that on several tests, there were significant differences between black patients with and without seizure histories, but that was not the case for the white patients. Various possible causes for this finding are discussed. PMID- 6671419 TI - Dietary choices and likelihood of abstinence among alcoholic patients in an outpatient clinic. AB - Animal experimentation and informal clinical observation both suggest a possible relation between diet and drinking. Sixty-four newly sober out-patients at the Elmhurst Alcoholism Treatment Program were interviewed at each clinic visit using the 24-h dietary recall method. Patients were interviewed an average of 3 times each. We analyzed for calories, carbohydrates, sucrose, sugar added to beverages, protein, fats, vitamins and minerals. Patients were grouped according to the number of days they remained sober from their last drink. Those who stayed sober longer chose diets containing twice as much sugar added to beverages and more overall carbohydrates (P less than 0.05). At this time we cannot say whether longer sobriety increased appetite for sugar or whether the choice of sugar influenced the patients' ability to stay sober. PMID- 6671420 TI - Exploration of the relationship between frequency of illness, attrition from alcohol treatment, neuropsychological status and field dependence. AB - One hundred thirty-nine male veterans receiving treatment for alcoholism were administered the Cornell Medical Index (CMI), neuropsychological tests comprising the Brain Age Quotient (BAQ) and the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT). Patients endorsing items on scale J (frequency of illness) of the CMI comprised a frequently ill group (27%) with the remaining patients comprising an infrequently ill group (73%). The frequently ill group patients were more likely to drop out of treatment, obtain lower BAQ scores and appear more field-dependent on the GEFT. Treatment attrition of frequently ill patients might be less if their individualized treatment plan involved greater structure consistent with their field dependent orientation and impaired neuropsychological status. PMID- 6671421 TI - The treatment requests of alcoholics. AB - Two hundred and thirty-four alcoholic patients at a general hospital outpatient clinic were administered a questionnaire to ascertain their treatment requests. One year later information characterizing the patients and their treatment outcomes was obtained by chart review and therapists' ratings. The alcoholics' treatment requests were similar to those obtained previously with general psychiatric populations. The most frequent requests were for psychological treatments: 'clarification of issues' or 'psychodynamic insight' while requests for administrative help or social intervention were least frequent. Requesting psychological treatments did not significantly predict engaging in psychotherapy or change during therapy. Requesting help with the complications of drinking only and not psychological help predicted early drop out. Medical, administrative and social intervention requests predicted poor improvement in drinking behavior during therapy. PMID- 6671423 TI - Patient compliance. PMID- 6671422 TI - Serum zinc, magnesium and calcium status in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. PMID- 6671424 TI - Haemoglobin genotypes, glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and bronchial asthma. PMID- 6671425 TI - Patterns of clinic visits among sickle cell patients in Ibadan, Nigeria and Oakland CA. U.S.A. PMID- 6671426 TI - Ascorbic acid in sickle cell disease: results of a pilot therapeutic trial. PMID- 6671427 TI - Diagnostic value of blind percutaneous liver biopsy in obstructive jaundice. PMID- 6671428 TI - Admissions to Mulago Hospital special care baby unit (SCU) 1971-1975, a retrospective study. PMID- 6671429 TI - Anaesthesia and pacemaker. PMID- 6671430 TI - Thanatophoric dwarfism: a report of two infants. PMID- 6671431 TI - A probable case of Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever in Kenya. PMID- 6671432 TI - Practical therapeutics: training health workers in oral rehydration in diarrhoeal disease. PMID- 6671433 TI - Mental health and student wastage. PMID- 6671434 TI - Reference values for blood pressures in non-pregnant women over the age of 14 years in two rural Tanzanian communities. PMID- 6671435 TI - Incipient cases of asbestosis in a Kenyan factory. PMID- 6671436 TI - Some aspects of paediatric native medicine in Sudan. PMID- 6671437 TI - The contribution of a psychological assessment clinic to school health service. PMID- 6671438 TI - Presbyopia in Nigerians. PMID- 6671439 TI - Incidence of renal amyloidosis in adult Ethiopian tuberculosis patients. PMID- 6671440 TI - Protein and lactose contents of breast milk from mothers of malnourished children. PMID- 6671442 TI - Female ritual circumcision in Africa an investigation of the presumed benefits among Ibos of Nigeria. PMID- 6671441 TI - The Zaria metal hinge joint. PMID- 6671443 TI - Antepartum haemorrhage: a profile from an urban hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. PMID- 6671444 TI - Rheumatic manifestations in leprosy: a case report. PMID- 6671445 TI - Pseudohypoparathyroidism: a case report. PMID- 6671446 TI - [Toxic damage to liver cells and the effect of heavy metal salts on mixed function oxidase enzyme system activity]. PMID- 6671447 TI - [Suppression of the graft vs host reaction after the inoculation of lymphocytes into the liver of F1 hybrid mice]. PMID- 6671449 TI - [Absorption spectra of lyophilized erythrocytes in the infrared, ultraviolet and visual regions of the spectrum]. PMID- 6671448 TI - [Effect of serotonin, noradrenaline, histamine and bradykinin on the surface electrical charge of erythrocytes]. PMID- 6671450 TI - [Dynamics of the morphological changes in the liver of guinea pigs treated with tetrachloromethane. A light and electron microscopic study]. PMID- 6671451 TI - [Use of a modified plate method for determining antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity]. PMID- 6671452 TI - [Study of noradrenaline metabolism in depressed patients by the determination of plasma dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol]. AB - The plasmatic levels of free, sulfoconjugated and total dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DOPEG), the main deaminated metabolite of noradrenaline, have been measured in thirty DSM3 major depressive inpatients and in thirty healthy controls matched for sex and age. DOPEG levels have been measured by a radioenzymatic assay. Almost fifty per cent of depressed inpatients were D.S.T. non suppressors, thirteen patients were unipolar and thirteen bipolar. Plasmatic DOPEG levels were significantly lower in depressed patients as compared to healthy controls despite a wide interindividual range of DOPEG values. However, the ratio of free over conjugated DOPEG was not statistically different in the two groups. DOPEG levels were slightly higher in the female population of healthy volunteers but not in the depressed patients. In the healthy volunteers, but not in depressed patients, there was a trend for free DOPEG to increase and for conjugated DOPEG to decrease with age. There was no statistical correlation between the DOPEG levels and Hamilton Depression Scores. Also plasmatic DOPEG values were not different in uni or bipolar patients and in DST suppressor or DST non suppressor inpatients. The significance of the decrease of plasmatic DOPEG levels in depressed patients is discussed: this diminution may reflect a deficiency in noradrenaline metabolism in CNS or else may be attributed to other factors e.g. alteration in circadian rhythms, differences in motor activity, in level of anxiety, in sleep and feeding behaviors; cotreatment with benzodiazepine and opiate compounds; monoamine oxidase activity. PMID- 6671453 TI - Polymorphism of parathyroid glands in patients with chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism. AB - The excised parathyroid glands of twenty-one patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure were submitted to careful histopathologic examinations including electron-microscopy. The previous history of these patients who had been on hemodialysis treatment for a certain period was relatively uniform with no association with primary hyperparathyroidism. Although eleven patients had four evenly enlarged parathyroid glands, eight patients showed four unevenly enlarged parathyroid glands with one or two glands weighing less than 100 mg. Histopathologic patterns of hyperplasia are easily divided into two distinctly different patterns, diffuse and nodular. Thirteen cases showed the same histopathological patterns of hyperplasia, either diffuse or nodular, in all excised glands. However, one or two out of four glands in eight patients evidenced a different histopathological pattern. PMID- 6671454 TI - Suppressive effect of calcitonin on intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus in sheep. AB - This study was carried out to determine the effect of calcitonin on calcium and phosphorus absorption in sheep. Six sheep, which were prepared with a carotid loop and a portal venous catheter, were used. Thyroidectomized sheep were injected intramuscularly with porcine calcitonin at feeding time. Serum calcium concentrations did not change in intact or thyroidectomized sheep after feeding but calcium venoarterial blood differences in thyroidectomized sheep were higher than in intact sheep 8 h after feeding. Serum calcium concentrations and calcium veno-arterial blood differences were decreased by calcitonin injection into thyroidectomized sheep. Calcitonin injection also reduced the serum phosphorus concentrations. Phosphorus veno-arterial blood differences in thyroidectomized sheep were much less than in intact sheep before feeding although the blood differences were not affected by calcitonin injection in thyroidectomized sheep. The results indicated that calcitonin decreased calcium absorption, which caused a reduction in the serum calcium concentrations, and that calcitonin injection did not affect phosphorus absorption in thyroidectomized sheep. PMID- 6671455 TI - Binding sites for glucocorticoids in cytosols from the ventral prostate and seminal vesicle of rats. AB - Binding sites for 3H-dexamethasone (Dex) were demonstrated in cytosols from the ventral prostate and seminal vesicle of rats only if dithiothreitol (DTT) was present in the incubation mixture. The binding observed in the presence of DTT was high affinity (Kd=1-5 nM) and low capacity (Bmax=approx. 0.1 p mole/mg protein) and exhibited a binding specificity for glucocorticoids. The addition of molybdate (Mo) to the incubation mixture enforced the effect of DTT on the binding but the extent of the effect of Mo in cytosols of the ventral prostate differed from that in the seminal vesicle. The binding sites in the cytosols of these tissues were depleted after administration of Dex to animals. The depletion observed was not due to occupation of the binding sites by injected Dex and this was confirmed by the exchange assay. Addition of the cytosol from the seminal vesicle inhibited the 3H-Dex binding in the liver cytosol but the cytosol from the ventral prostate did not show an inhibitory effect. The binding sites in neither of these male accessory sex organs were modified markedly after the animals were castrated. Although the 3H-Dex binding sites observed in the cytoplasm of male accessory sex organs fit the definition proposed for the steroid hormone receptors, it is not clear whether these tissues are under the influence of glucocorticoid or not; the rate of incorporation of 3H-leucine and 3H-orotic acid into the acid-insoluble fraction from the ventral prostate is not influenced by the administration of Dex to animals. PMID- 6671456 TI - Treatment of idiopathic pituitary dwarfism with methionyl human growth hormone. AB - Ten patients with idiopathic pituitary dwarfism were treated with methionyl human growth hormone (met-hGH) produced by recombinant DNA technology. They were given 0.5 IU/kg/week of met-hGH for three months. There were no significant changes in physical, blood, urine examinations. Their height increased between 1.5 and 2.7 cm during the 3 months of treatment, which was calculated to be equivalent 6.0 and 10.8 cm per year with a mean increase of 8.7 cm. Anti-hGH antibody was observed in all patients between one and two months of treatment with a titer between 10(1)X and 10(4)X. In spite of the formation of antibodies, the growth rate did not decrease in 7 of the 10 cases. PMID- 6671457 TI - The effect of ovarian hormones on stress relaxation in the uterus of the pregnant rat. AB - Tissue strip taken from rat uterine ampulla on day 20 of pregnancy was elongated at a contrast rate in Tyrode's solution at 37 degrees C to the length of a specified peak stress, and the stress decline was recorded at this length. The stress decline in uterine strips of ovariectomized progesterone-treated rats was significantly slower than those in intact pregnant rats at any different peak stress and elongation rate examined. Treatment with estradiol as well restored the physical properties to the control levels. Changing the medium to Ca-free Tyrode's solution had no effect on stress relaxation. Results suggest that estrogen with progesterone improves stress relaxation in the rat uterus during late pregnancy by changing the state of the noncontractile elements in the tissue. PMID- 6671458 TI - Glycosylation of 3, 5, 3'-L-triiodothyronine and its biological activity. AB - The formation of glycosylated Hb by the nonenzymatic reaction between Hb and glucose suggests that glycosylation is a general reaction in the living body, we demonstrated by means of TLC and HPLC that T3 was glycosylated when reacted with glucose in absolute ethanol for a week. We demonstrated in a metamorphic study in tadpoles that the biological activity of thus glycosylated T3 was less than about 1/10 of that of T3. These findings suggest that glycosylation of substances with amino group other than serum proteins including Hb may occur and that glycosylated substances may differ in biological activities from the original substances. PMID- 6671459 TI - Glucagon degradation in fraction of big plasma glucagon in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. AB - When whole plasma obtained from rats given carbon tetrachloride was applied to a column of Bio Gel P-30, P-150 or P-300, a large molecular form of immunoreactive glucagon (IRG), so called "big plasma glucagon" (BPG), was eluted in the void volume. Glucagon degrading activity, measured under the same conditions as for radioimmunoassay of IRG, was eluted in parallel with IRG. Since standard assay mixture containing aprotinin was used for the measurement of IRG, this degradation of glucagon might be due to an enzyme(s) other than serine proteinases. p-Hydroxymercuribenzoate depressed glucagon degradation and IRG in the BPG fractions to 20% and 30% of the control values, respectively. Other inhibitors of thiol proteinases, such as N-ethylmaleimide and leupeptin, also decreased the values for both glucagon degradation and IRG to a similar extent. However, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and pepstatin had little or no effect on these values. On filtration of plasma from carbon tetrachloride-treated rats on a column of Bio Gel A-1.5m, IRG peaks between 600k and 1,200k daltons were obtained and glucagon degrading activity was again eluted with IRG. When p chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate and N-ethylmaleimide were added to the elution buffer and assay mixtures, the glucagon degrading activity was almost completely inhibited and the values for IRG between 600k and 1,200k daltons were decreased to less than 10% of those of the control. These results indicate that more than 90% of the IRG in the fractions of BPG obtained from carbon tetrachloride-treated rats could be accounted for entirely by the degradation of immunoreactive 125I glucagon by plasma proteinases, probably thiol proteinases. Thus we conclude that some proteinases are still active in the radioimmunoassay system of glucagon which is widely used at present, and lead apparently higher glucagon values owing to degradation of 125I-glucagon. PMID- 6671460 TI - Homologous radioimmunoassay for human carboxyl-terminal parathyroid hormone and its clinical evaluation. AB - An homologous radioimmunoassay for human carboxyl-terminal parathyroid hormone (PTH) was developed using the antiserum raised against synthetic human PTH (46 84) and its clinical evaluation was attempted. Antisera were produced in guinea pigs by immunization with synthetic human PTH (46-84) conjugated with BSA. One of the antisera was used at a final concentration of 1 : 10,000 in the assay, and synthetic human PTH (53-84) for a standard and 125I-Tyr45 human PTH (46-84) for a tracer were used. A standard curve was obtained at concentrations from 0.001 to 10 ng per tube of human PTH (53-84). The displacement curves for human PTH (51 84), human PTH (46-84), Tyr45 human PTH (46-84) and bovine PTH (1-84) were almost identical with the standard curve made by synthetic human PTH (53-84). This antiserum, however, did not recognize the human PTH (1-34) fragment at all. Using this assay system, circulating immunoreactive PTH was measured in normal subjects and patients with parathyroid disorders. Normal PTH values in serum ranged from 0.47 ng/ml to an undetectable level (undetectable in two out of 32 normal subjects) and serum PTH values in patients with primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism or idiopathic hypoparathyroidism were almost completely discriminated from normal values. These results suggest that this homologous radioimmunoassay is a carboxyl-terminal specific assay for human PTH and can be quite useful in clinical practice. PMID- 6671461 TI - Meiosis-inhibiting effects in vivo of antiserum to progesterone on follicular ova in immature rats treated with gonadotropins. AB - Effects of the neutralization of endogenous progesterone with rabbit antiserum to progesterone (anti-progesterone) on germinal vesicle breakdown of ova in follicles of small (less than 125 micrometers), intermediate (125-250 micrometers) and large (greater than 250 micrometers) diameter were examined by a quantitative histological technique. Immature rats were treated with 5 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMS) then with 10 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Administration of anti-progesterone together with hCG 6 h later significantly decreased the incidence of germinal vesicle breakdown of ova in the large follicles, but not in the intermediate ones. This treatment did not affect the proportion of intermediate to large follicles in the population. Replacement with progesterone 1 h after the simultaneous injection of hCG and anti-progesterone partly reversed the reduced incidence of meiosis. An injection of rabbit antiserum to estrone, in addition to the replacement with progesterone 1 h after the simultaneous injections of hCG and anti-progesterone, restored the incidence of meiosis to a value comparable to the values found for control rats treated sequentially with PMS and hCG. We concluded that the hCG-induced preovulatory rise in progesterone has a limited but definite stimulatory effect on the resumption of meiosis in the ova of large follicles and that it mediates the meiosis-inducing action of hCG. PMID- 6671462 TI - Role of the nongravid part of the uterus in the luteolytic effects of estrogen in pregnant rats. AB - Effects of a low dose of estradiol on the luteal function were studied in intact pregnant rats. The pregnant rats received daily sc injections of 0.1 microgram estradiol or sesame oil from day 7 to 14 of pregnancy (day 1 = day of insemination). Serum progesterone levels on day 15 were significantly lower in the estrogen-treated group than in the oil-treated group. In order to study how estrogen induced luteolysis, the pregnant rats received each of the following treatments on day 7 of pregnancy: (1) The uterus except that containing a single conceptus was removed by hysterectomy (hysterectomy group); (2) All but a single conceptus were removed by aspiration, so that rats carried only a single conceptus with the whole part of the nongravid uterus (aspiration group). Each group of rats received also sc injections of 0.1 microgram estradiol or sesame oil from day 7 to 14 of pregnancy. Estradiol treatment caused a significant decline in serum progesterone levels in the aspiration group on day 15, but this was not the case in the hysterectomy group. There was no significant difference in serum LH levels among any of the groups on day 15 of pregnancy. These results indicated that estradiol induced luteolysis in the intact pregnant rats, which would, at least in part, be mediated through the uterus. PMID- 6671463 TI - Mammary growth and plasma progesterone level during pregnancy in the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus Linnaeus. AB - The process of growth of the mammary gland and change in the plasma concentration of progesterone were investigated throughout the course of pregnancy (30 days) in the home musk shrew, Suncus murinus L. Development of the mammary gland of the musk shrew was limited during the first half of pregnancy. Extensive branching of ducts and conspicuous alveolar formation and a marked increase in the DNA content of the gland started between day 15 and 20 of pregnancy, and continued until term. Milk synthesis indicated by accumulation of the secondary fluid in the alveolar lumen and a sudden rise in the RNA/DNA ratio of the gland tissue seemed to be initiated 1 or 2 days before parturition. No lactose was detected in either the mammary tissue or milk of the house musk shrew. Plasma concentration of progesterone was very low until mid-pregnancy and began to rise after day 15, reaching a peak of 10--13 ng/ml around day 25. The steroid level started to fall shortly before parturition and returned to the basal level in post-parturient animals. Ovariectomy interrupted pregnancy in some animals, but not in others. When pregnancy was maintained, the mammary development and the plasma level of progesterone were normal. PMID- 6671464 TI - Metabolism of 14C-pregnenolone in the placenta throughout pregnancy in organ culture. AB - The present study was undertaken to assess the metabolism of radiolabeled pregnenolone in the placenta throughout pregnancy in organ culture. The product generated from pregnenolone was only progesterone regardless of the weeks of gestation. The amount of progesterone formed by the placenta was 5.60 +/- 0.15 x 10(-11) moles/mg protein/hour in the 1st trimester (n = 4), 6.47 +/- 0.09 x 10( 11) moles/mg protein/hour in the 2nd trimester (n = 3) and 7.72 +/- 0.25 x 10( 11) moles/mg protein/hour in the 3rd trimester (n = 6). The increase in the formation of progesterone as gestation advanced was statistically significant. The increase in the placental weight throughout pregnancy was in proportion to the rise in maternal plasma levels of progesterone. These data indicate that the manifold increase in progesterone in the maternal circulation as gestation advances mainly reflects the increase in the functional mass of the placenta rather than the increased rate of production of progesterone in the placenta. PMID- 6671465 TI - In vitro effect of androgen on RNA synthesis in nuclei from androgen-independent subline of Shionogi carcinoma (CS 2). AB - By serial transplantation of CS 1, a subline of Shionogi carcinoma SC 115, to female mice, another subline was obtained and designated CS2. The subline showed a complete loss of androgen dependency on the growth of the tumor. When male mice bearing the tumor were castrated and treated with testosterone, the activity of RNA polymerase I in isolated nuclei from the tumor hardly varied during the period of the experiments (36 h), while the activity of RNA polymerase II exhibited a transient increase (about 40%) at 6 h after the testosterone injection. The results, together with the previous ones showing 80% and 40% increases in RNA polymerase I activity at 24 h after testosterone administration in the case of SC 115 (androgen-dependent tumor) and CS 1 (less androgen dependent tumor), respectively, indicate that the stimulation of RNA polymerase I activity by androgen in the tumor tissues is closely related to the androgen dependency on the growth of the tumors. PMID- 6671466 TI - Heterogeneity of free alpha-subunit in term placenta. AB - Free alpha-subunit in normal term placenta was examined for molecular weight, electric charge and ability to combine with standard hCG-beta in comparison with extracellular free alpha-subunit and standard hCG-alpha dissociated from urinary hCG in vitro. The gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100 of the placental extract revealed three major immunoreactive hCG-alpha peaks, designated as P alpha-A (Kav = 0.32-0.46), P alpha-B (0.47-0.58) and P alpha-C (0.59-0.70), near the position of standard hCG-alpha. In the isoelectric focusing, while P alpha-A was mainly distributed over the acidic region, the major components of P alpha-B and P alpha C were distributed over the basic region. Furthermore, in the combination study with standard hCG-beta, such a alpha-subunit with acidic pI scarcely showed any combining activity whereas alpha-subunit with basic pI revealed significant combining activity. These results suggest the following possibilities: that 1) the various size species of placental alpha-subunit may be responsible for the progressive glycosylation; 2) the small alpha-subunit with basic pI may combine with beta-subunit to form immunoreactive hCG; 3) the alpha-subunit, which has not associated with beta-subunit, may be converted to a large and incombinative form with acidic pI by further glycosylation, followed by secretion as a free alpha subunit. PMID- 6671468 TI - [Diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism in newborn infants]. PMID- 6671467 TI - Biosynthetic Met-hGH: lack of immunoreactivity for other pituitary hormones. AB - The immunoreactivities of 5 hGH preparations were examined in RIA systems for hPRL, hACTH, hLH, hFSH and hTSH. All preparations derived from pituitary extracts showed distinct displacements in almost all RIA systems when added 10(3) to 10(4) times larger amounts than the proper hormones. On the other hand, biosynthetic methionyl-hGH did not manifest any immunoreactivity in any system with comparable amounts. These results indicate that the displacements caused by hGH preparations in RIA systems for other pituitary hormones are solely due to contamination, and not due to intrinsic cross reaction. In in vitro and in vivo studies using extractive preparations of hGH one should be cautious about contamination of other pituitary hormones. PMID- 6671469 TI - N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in lymphocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by infections. PMID- 6671470 TI - [Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness (DIDMOAD syndrome) in 2 siblings]. PMID- 6671471 TI - Relationship between arterial pulsations and intraocular pressure. AB - A model of the eye is proposed in order to find a relationship between small changes in volume and the intraocular pressure in terms of the physical parameters of the globe. The results show that pulsations in pressure due to small variations in volume are directly proportional to the average intraocular pressure and inversely proportional to the radius of the globe. Comparisons are made between the results of this model and already existing experimental and clinical measurements. Further clinical and experimental studies are suggested to confirm the accuracy of the model. Conclusions are drawn connecting the findings to open angle glaucoma and to the effects of axial myopia and axial hyperopia. PMID- 6671472 TI - Effect of nigericin on distribution of sodium, potassium and calcium ion in rabbit lens. AB - Nigericin, a carboxylic monovalent cation ionophore, induced opacification in the rabbit lens within 2 hr of incubation at 37 degrees C at a concentration of 10( 7)M. The opacification was in the subcapsular region where a marked degree of Ca2+ accumulation and change in the monovalent cation balance occurred. Nigericin may accumulate and act locally at the surface region of the lens, presumably due to the high lipid solubility of nigericin. Nigericin induced an opacification of the lens when applied either to the anterior chamber or to the vitreous of rabbit eye. PMID- 6671473 TI - Post-ganglionic chemical sympathectomy of the cat nictitating membrane following systemic epinephrine: degeneration of nerve terminals followed by regeneration. AB - The present study was designed to provide further evidence that high doses of systemically administered epinephrine can result in a post-ganglionic chemical sympathectomy and to look for evidence of regeneration of nerve terminals. Three days following the systemic administration of a high dose of epinephrine a prolapse of the cat nictitating membrane was observed. Examination of the inferior smooth muscle associated with the membrane revealed ultrastructural evidence of nerve terminal destruction which was associated with a marked depletion of endogenous norepinephrine as measured with a catecholamine radioenzyme assay. Three weeks following treatment, appearance of nerve terminals and endogenous norepinephrine levels in the contralateral nictitating membrane were indistinguishable from untreated controls. High doses of epinephrine appear to result in nerve terminal degeneration, followed by regeneration, similar to that reported following 6-hydroxydopamine. PMID- 6671474 TI - Binding of fluorescein and carboxyfluorescein by human serum proteins: significance of kinetic and equilibrium parameters of association in ocular fluorometric studies. AB - The binding of fluorescein and 5- and 6-carboxyfluorescein by human serum proteins was measured at 37 and 4 degrees C by equilibrium dialysis. The equilibrium association constants (KA) for fluorescein were 3.7 X 10(3) and 7.1 X 10(3)M-1, and for carboxyfluorescein were 3.5 X 10(3) and 7.5 X 10(3)M-1 at 37 and 4 degrees C equilibrium dialysis data, was 3.9 X 10(3) binding sites in human serum, determined from the 37 degrees C equilibrium dialysis data, was 3.9 X 10( 3)M for fluorescein and 3.3 X 10(-3)M for carboxyfluorescein. Utilizing these binding parameters it was calculated that a maximum of 93.5% of the total fluorescein and 92.0% of the carboxyfluorescein would be bound by undiluted human serum proteins at 37 degrees C. Experimental binding data obtained after prolonged equilibrium dialysis (four days) at low total fluorochrome concentrations (1.5 X 10(-4)M or less) indicated that 93.1 +/- 1.0 (S.D.)% of the fluorescein and 90.1 +/- 0.7% of the carboxyfluorescein were bound at 37 degrees C by undiluted human serum proteins. Stopped-flow kinetic spectrophotometric studies of the changes in absorptivity at 487-488 and 510 nm that occurred when the fluorochromes were bound by human serum proteins, indicated that the fluorescein and carboxyfluorescein binding reactions were 99% complete within 0.65 and 1.72 sec. These had second-order association rate constants at 25 degrees C of 3.0 X 10(3) and 1.5 X 10(3)M-1 sec-1, respectively. These findings offer a basis for calculation of bound and free fluorescein and carboxyfluorescein in vivo in human subjects. PMID- 6671475 TI - Purification and crystallization of mammalian lens gamma-crystallins. AB - Monomeric crystallins, beta s and several members of the gamma-crystallin family, occur in different relative proportions in a way which is related to the age of the lens cells. Methods of purification of large amounts of these different low molecular weight protein components from young and old bovine lenses are described along with details of crystallization of several gamma-fractions. Purification procedures have been developed for rabbit gamma-crystallins. The chromatographic methods achieve separation of several bovine and rabbit gamma crystallins which have very similar electrophoretic mobilities. However, on storage, many electrophoretic variants are generated from some of these fractions. PMID- 6671476 TI - Correction of tyrosine content in the amino acid analysis of human ocular mucus and its fractions. PMID- 6671477 TI - Mortality associated with fertility and fertility control: 1983. AB - This analysis demonstrates that levels of mortality associated with all major methods of fertility control (tubal sterilization, the pill, IUD, condom, diaphragm, spermicides, rhythm and abortion) are low in comparison with the risk of death associated with childbirth and ectopic pregnancy when no fertility control method is used. The exceptions are the risks associated with pill use after the age of 40 for women who do not smoke, and with pill use after the age of 35 for smokers. The safest approach to fertility control is to use the condom and to back it up by abortion in case of method failure. Except for the lowest risk method of fertility control (condom and abortion) and the highest (pill use by a smoker), most strategies of fertility control result in a similar risk of mortality until the woman reaches 35 years of age. At that point, risk from pill use rises more sharply than risk associated with other methods. The above conclusions are based on the lowest contraceptive failure rates reported by Schirm and his colleagues for married American women. If, instead, the highest failure rates are employed, use of the pill by a nonsmoker or the IUD clearly is safer than reliance on barrier methods or rhythm. As noted earlier, there are few women who make their contraceptive choices solely on the basis of perceived risk of mortality. Very few, for example, would consider abortion as a primary method of birth control; and for many, abortion would not be acceptable even as a backup for failed contraception. Although the risk of mortality resulting from use of the IUD is low, many women who have not yet had children might not want to face the increased risk of infertility problems from pelvic inflammatory disease that have been associated with use of this method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6671478 TI - First intercourse among young Americans. AB - In 1979, 50 percent of women aged 15-19 and 70 percent of men aged 17-21 living in metropolitan areas of the United States reported that they had ever had sexual intercourse. The average age at which young women had their first sexual experience was 16.2, compared with 15.7 among the men; women tended to have their first intercourse with a partner nearly three years older than themselves, whereas men had their first intercourse with a partner less than one year older. Blacks generally experienced first coitus at a younger age than did whites. Young women's first coitus generally occurred with someone toward whom the respondent felt a commitment; more than six in 10 young women said they had been going steady with or engaged to their first sexual partner. In contrast, fewer than four in 10 young men said that they had been engaged to or going steady with their first partner, and more than one in three said that they and their first partner had been friends. Young men were more than twice as likely as young women to have had first intercourse with someone they had only recently met. Seventeen percent of the young women and 25 percent of the young men surveyed said that they had planned their first intercourse; women who had been going steady with their first partner were most likely to have planned intercourse, while the young men who had met their first partner shortly before intercourse took place were the most likely to have planned the act.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6671479 TI - The costs of contraception. AB - The cost of contraception is one factor that affects the choice of a birth control method. An analysis of the first-year costs for the various methods, based on fees charged by private physicians and supplies purchased at drugstores, shows that the cost can be considerable and that there are large differences in cost between methods. Prescription contraceptives--the pill, IUD and diaphragm- are by far the most expensive of the reversible methods because they require medical supervision, but supplies alone are also more expensive for prescription methods than for nonprescription methods. First-year cost is highest for the pill $172, compared with $160 for the diaphragm and $131 for the IUD. The mean of $154 for these three prescription methods is almost four times the mean first-year cost of $40 for condoms and foam. Sterilization necessitates the largest initial expenditure, and the cost of tubal ligation-$1,180-is almost five times the cost of vasectomy-$241. However, sterilization represents a one-time cost, while the other methods involve recurring expenses that may add up to more than the cost of sterilization over time. The methods that are associated with the lowest failure rates-sterilization, the pill and the IUD-are among the most expensive. To offset the costs of contraception, 4.6 million American women obtained low-cost care from subsidized family planning clinics in 1980. PMID- 6671480 TI - Sterilization in Quebec. PMID- 6671481 TI - Effects of bethanechol, metoclopramide, and domperidone on antral contractions in cats and dogs. AB - The effects of bethanechol, metoclopramide, and domperidone were examined on antral contractions in anesthetized dogs and cats. Bethanechol and metoclopramide were found to increase contractility in both the dog and cat, while domperidone did not stimulate contractions in the cat but was effective in the dog. With domperidone, unlike bethanechol and metoclopramide, changes in mean blood pressure were not produced. Our results indicate that all three of the agents examined can stimulate contractions in the antrum, but the choice of animal model is critical for the proper evaluation of the compounds. PMID- 6671482 TI - Effect of age and sex on the N-demethylation rate of 14C-aminopyrine, studied by the breath test. AB - The effect of age and sex on the N-demethylation rate of 14C-aminopyrine was studied by breath test in 28 normal subjects (12 men, 16 women) aged 26 to 86. It was found that demethylation of aminopyrine was inversely related with age and unaffected by sex. 6 out of 8 patients aged 70 or over, had breath test values within the range of values obtained in 31 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. In the elderly, a breath test can therefore be considered abnormal only if it is compared with a control group of the same age. PMID- 6671483 TI - Development of the bile acid pool in rats from neonatal life through puberty to maturity. AB - The bile acid pools of developing rats were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. From shortly after birth the bile acid pools fell to a nadir on the 10th day of life (0.295 +/- 0.031 mg X g-1 body weight at 2 days to 0.144 +/- 0.012 mg X g-1 body weight at 10 days, p less than 0.001). The pool re-expanded rapidly between the 12th and 15th day. After weaning and during puberty there was a further temporary increase in pool size, during which females had larger pools than males. By adulthood the pool size had returned to the 2-day-old and weanling (15- and 18-day-old) levels, expressed per gramme body weight, and there was no longer a significant sex difference. These results show that changes in pool size are occurring at times when there are major physiological changes in the developing animal. The changes during puberty suggest hormonal control. PMID- 6671484 TI - Ursodeoxycholic acid for the dissolution of radiolucent gall bladder stones. AB - In a prospective dosage response study of 84 patients with radiolucent gall bladder stones treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a dose of 500 mg daily was as effective as 1,000 mg daily. Complete dissolution of stones was achieved in 9 of 31 patients (29%) treated for at least 6 months with the lower dose, and in 7 of 33 patients (21%) on the higher dose. 4 patients in each group continue on treatment having shown partial gall-stone dissolution. When the two dosage groups were considered together, small stones dissolved more readily than larger ones and, after allowance for stone size, success rates were equal in obese and non-obese patients. Treatment with UDCA was well tolerated and significant adverse effects were not encountered. PMID- 6671485 TI - Halothane-associated granulomatous hepatitis. AB - We present a case of halothane-associated-hepatitis in a 34-year-old woman. She received halothane anesthesia twice within a 6-day interval, 2 weeks prior to the onset of symptoms. Liver histology was nonspecific, and unusual in showing not only lobular hepatitis but also granulomatous changes. Since the clinical picture and the laboratory values were more and the liver histology less in keeping with the diagnosis, we emphasize that the former two parameters should play a vital role in establishing or discarding the diagnosis of halothane-induced hepatitis. PMID- 6671486 TI - [The complement system]. PMID- 6671487 TI - [Tyramine and noradrenaline infusion in normal and hypertensive subjects. Evaluation of pressure changes and cardiac rate in both groups]. PMID- 6671488 TI - [Parathyroid hormones in the aged]. PMID- 6671489 TI - [Differential diagnosis of hypothyroidism with special reference to sub-clinical hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6671490 TI - [Antidotes: possible classification of anti-digitalis antibodies]. PMID- 6671491 TI - [Emergencies in valvular surgery]. AB - Ninety patients who underwent emergency cardiac valve surgery from January 1976 to December 1981 are reported. Patients were divided in two groups: those operated on native valves are included in group I; patients with prosthetic valves operated because of leakage or malfunction, in group II. In group I (57 patients) the aetiology was: rheumatic heart disease (34 cases); acute endocarditis (16 cases); sequelae of recent endocarditis (2 cases); luetic infection (1 case); sequelae of myocardial infarction (1 case); rupture of mitral chordae in mixomatous valve (3 cases). The emergency operation was prompted in 22 patients by cardiogenic shock, in 13 patients by intractable pulmonary edema, in 21 patients by low output syndrome, in one case by ventricular arrhythmias. In group II (33 cases) the causes of reoperation were: in 27 cases leakage (in 13 due to active endocarditis); in 6 cases variance of the occluder or thrombosis. The emergency originated in 12 cases from cardiogenic shock, in 11 cases from intractable pulmonary edema, in 9 cases from low output syndrome, in 1 case from ventricular arrhythmias. Twenty-six patients died perioperatively in group I and 17 in group II. Mean follow-up in group I was 26 months. Among 27 patients there were two deaths; 25 patients are alive and well (one has been reoperated again). Mean follow-up in group II was 21 months. Among the 15 patients observed there were 6 deaths (3 after re-reoperation); 9 patients are alive and well (one has been re-reoperated).' The Authors feel that surgery is mandatory in all such patients to ensure satisfying long term results, in spite of high perioperative mortality rate. PMID- 6671492 TI - [Emergency surgical treatment of infectious endocarditis. Experience developed on 19 consecutive cases]. AB - Our experience with the emergency surgical treatment of 19 consecutive cases of infective endocarditis (IE) is reported. The aortic valve was always affected, either alone (n = 16) or together with the mitral valve (n = 3). All patients were male. In 10 cases it was possible to identify the infecting agent (a staphylococcus was found in 6). Congestive heart failure (CHF) was the principal indication for surgery in 14 cases (in 6 active IE was associated). Five patients (1 with CHF) underwent operative treatment because of systemic emboli. Fifteen patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class IV, 3 in class III and 1 was in class II. Two patients (10.5%), both operated on for CHF, died in the early postoperative period. Early prosthetic valve dehiscence occurred in 2 cases, reoperation was successful in both. Follow-up of operative survivors ranges between 7 and 108 months (mean = 53.24 +/- 41.89). One patients died 10 months after operation with CHF following late prosthetic dehiscence. Out of 16 currently surviving patients 14 are in NHYA functional class I, 1 is in class II and 1 in class III. No one of them has had relapse of IE. PMID- 6671493 TI - [Status of the "cure" of non-complicated myocardial infarct in Italy]. AB - To analyze the state of health care for patients with myocardial infarction, questionnaires were sent to 191 Italian general hospital and university cardiological departments equipped with an intensive coronary care unit (ICCU). A total of 139 returned the questionnaire (72.7%), of which 138 were usefully completed. The mean number of beds per ICCU is 5.7 and still today 14% of the ICCU's transfer their patients to a medical department. The mean time to admission is 7 hours. In the acute phase, rehabilitation is begun in 49% of the ICCU; mobilization and hospitalization times are shorter than in 1978. The most widely employed pharmacological treatment in the acute phase is the glucose potassium-insulin infusion (74%). Prior to discharge, 16% of the institutions obtain an exercise test, 74% an echocardiogram and 42% a dynamic ECG. Health education programs, on the other hand, are very poor: only a few Centers provide educational material. In the case of recurrent chest pain, 81% of the institutions advise the patients to take nitroglycerin, and 67% with the patients to report to the hospital. Eighty-nine percent of the Centers carry out follow-up tests on all their patients 1 month after discharge. Calcium antagonists and nitrates are prescribed on discharge by one half of the departments. In the post infarction period an effort test is performed in 54% of Centers; coronary angiography is carried out on the youngest patients in 9% of Centers; in 30% of Centers, coronary angiography is only performed in patients with severe symptoms. Sixty-five institutions administer their own rehabilitation programs, while 35 send their patients to other institutions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6671494 TI - [Hemodynamic and humoral changes in long-distance athletes]. AB - Cardiac anatomy and function, and some biohumoral parameters, have been examined in 11 long-distance olympic runners, and in 11 healthy untrained control subjects. Echocardiographic methods and computed reading of tracings were adopted. Long-distance runners were also studied within 2 minutes after the end of a 30 Km race. At rest, the athletes had thicker interventricular septa and, posterior walls, higher left ventricular mass index, larger end-diastolic dimensions, cardiac index and stroke index compared to the untrained subjects (all P less than 0.01). Resting heart rate was lower in runners (P less than 0.01). In runners, competitive exercise test induced significant haemodynamic changes (increases in cardiac index, heart rate, stroke index, ejection fraction [all P less than 0.01], decreases in end-systolic dimensions and peripheral vascular resistance [both P less than 0.01]). After exercise, runners showed massive increases both of norepinephrine and epinephrine serum levels (measured in 4 subjects), an increase, in haematocrit and plasma glucose concentration, and a decrease in plasma potassium concentration (all P less than 0.01). In conclusion, olympic long-distance runners have increased cardiac dimensions and wall thickness at rest as compared with healthy untrained subjects matched for age and resting blood pressure. In the former group, a competitive long-distance test results in marked haemodynamic changes, with massive increase in plasma catecholamine concentration and concomitant reduction in plasma potassium concentration. This combination is potentially hazardous, and warrants further investigation. PMID- 6671495 TI - [Indications for the surgical correction of patients with transposition of the great arteries associated with an interventricular defect. Analysis of 98 cases operated on using the Mustard technic]. AB - At the Hospital for Sick Children, London, between Jan. 1965 and Jan. 1980, 98 patients, ranging in age from 22 days to 20.8 years (mean = 29.6 months), with a clinical diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) associated with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) found at cardiac catheterization, underwent Mustard procedure at the atrial level, whether or not associated with the VSD closure. Twenty-nine other patients, with irreversible obstructive pulmonary vascular disease in whom a "palliative" Mustard was performed, have been excluded from this report. At operation, in 8 cases, the VSD was found to have closed spontaneously during the interval between the cardiac catheterization and the surgical repair, while, in 13 patients, the VSD was judged to be too small to influence the hemodynamic results and, accordingly, was left open. In 35 cases the VSD was closed with mattress stitches buttressed with dacron pledgets and in 42 patients a dacron patch was used. The defects were accessible through the tricuspid valve in all but 10 cases. There were 24 early deaths (24%) and these did not correlate either with the year of operation or with the age at the time of operation. The mortality rate was higher in the cases who had required previous pulmonary artery banding (37%), than in those who had not (21.5%), but this difference was not statistically significant. The early results were related to the size of the VSD. In the 21 patients in whom the VSD was partially or completely closed, the early mortality was 9.5%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6671496 TI - [Extension of necrosis in the acute phase of myocardial infarct. Clinical picture and prognosis]. AB - In a consecutive series of 297 patients prospectively evaluated at the time of admission for an acute myocardial infarction, the extension of necrosis was found to occur in 16,4% of the cases. The electrocardiographic site of extension was the same as during the initial episode in over 75% of cases suggesting the possibility of a similar pathogenetic mechanism and the involvement of the same coronary district. Patients in Killip class I were respectively 61% and 45% before and after the extension, in class II 33% and 14%, in class III 6% and 14%, in class IV 0 and 27% (p less than 0,001). In-hospital mortality was 16,1% without and 38,8% with extension (p less than 0,001). The peak level of CPK-MB was an average of 110 +/- 45 U/1 before and 96 +/- 34 after the extension (p = N.S.). It was not possible to recognize the patients at risk of extension according to the traditional clinical parameters (age, sex, site of necrosis, transmural involvement, residual angina, Norris index and Killip class before the extension). It is concluded that the protection of the myocardium at risk is of primary importance in the setting of acute myocardial infarction, regardless of the possibility of saving areas already compromised at the time of admission or the hypothetical "border zone". PMID- 6671497 TI - [Seasonal variations and trends in cardiovascular disease mortality in Naples, 1974-1978]. AB - Death certificates of people who died from cardiovascular diseases in the City of Naples from 1974 through 1978 were reviewed. Data were classified according to three different groups of causes of death: 1. from all cardiovascular diseases (codes of the International Classification of Diseases-ICD-, VIII Revision from 393.0 through 458.9), 2. from ischaemic heart diseases (ICD from 410.0 through 411.9) and 3. from acute ischaemic heart diseases (ICD from 410.0 through 411.9). The monthly number of deaths in each group was analyzed using time series techniques to assess the seasonal pattern and the secular trend. A clear seasonal pattern was found in all groups, though in group 3 it was less evident. The maximum number of deaths per month was found to occur during the cold season and the minimum during the summer. The secular trend was found to be stable for groups 1 and 2. Group 3 showed an evident increase over the five years under study. PMID- 6671498 TI - [Is thrombolysis useful in myocardial infarct-in-evolution? A study by the Italian Group for Experimentation on Streptokinase in Myocardial Infarct]. PMID- 6671499 TI - Successful repair of delayed rupture of the left ventricular wall after mitral valve replacement. Report of two cases. AB - Rupture of left ventricular wall (LVWR) following mitral replacement (MVR) is rare (0.5 to 7.3% of all MVR). Two "types" of LVWR have been recognized and attributed to technical errors during MVR and/or to co-existing unfavourable conditions. The two types are precisely located, and appear "early" during operation, at discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Miller et al. have described a "third type" LVWR which depends primarily on local conditions, is located between the other two and occurs "late". Successful repair is rare. The outcome is favourably influenced by intraoperative recognition. This paper reports two LVWRs "type III" which occurred among 282 MVR (0.7%) done in our Department since 1977. Both were successfully repaired respectively 12 (and again 48) and 15 hours after MVRs. To the best of our knowledge these are the only cases of successful repair of a "type III" LVWR reported in the literature. On the basis of this experience some considerations are presented. PMID- 6671500 TI - [Protocol for the registration of the sinus node electrogram]. PMID- 6671501 TI - [Ethics and scientific discipline in research]. PMID- 6671502 TI - [Measurement of the coefficient of solubility of airborne substances in blood. II. Solvents of wide industrial use]. AB - A list of industrial solvents largely employed and produced in Italy (and somewhere else too) is presented. Using two methods previously described, blood/air partition coefficient of such solvents have been measured. Then a discussion is made about the possibility of their employment in the field of biological monitoring of subjects professionally exposed to solvent vapours. PMID- 6671503 TI - [Radiographic and xeroradiographic case finding in asbestosis]. AB - Statistical researches were carried out on subject samples exposed to asbestosis risk with the aim of investigating the advantages of xeroradiographic methods when applied to the early diagnosis of this occupational disease. In the initial phase of the research, the aim was to quantify the statistical incidence of minimum asbestosis. Thus the frequency of initial forms was compared with developed forms in 750 subjects working with amianthus cement. These subjects had been homogeneously exposed to asbestosis risk (as research on the environment in the factory confirmed), and over a period of 10 years had been checked radiographically at the Clinica del Lavoro of the University of Pavia. This first phase of the research confirmed the remarkable incidence of the disease. In the subsequent phase, the radiographs of 200 subjects with asbestosis were studied. The aim was to quantify the frequency of the different radiological symptoms of the disease. In the final phase of the research, both traditional radiographs and xeroradiographs were obtained on 51 subjects exposed to asbestosis risk with pulmonary alterations, although with no (or not significant) radiographic techniques in the early diagnosis of asbestosis would thus become clear. For protective reasons, the use of xeroradiography is proposed not for mass screening but only for controlled investigations. Xeroradiography can evidence plaques or pleural fibrous alterations, which would not be shown on traditional radiographs. It also allows more satisfactory examination of the small fibrous parenchymal opacities at the base of the lungs. On the other hand, additional controlled examinations of the same subjects, even when use was made of projections for pleural backgrounds and lordotic projections for the parietal pleurae, reduced earlier favorable statistics by half. However, the wide range of xeroradiography can evidence nearly all radiographic symptoms in a single xeroradiograph. This greatly facilitates routine examination while providing more satisfactory iconographic data for subsequent medico-legal discussion. PMID- 6671504 TI - [Proposals for the surveillance of persons exposed to aromatic amines]. AB - The AA present the results of an epidemiological investigation in a rubber factory, where aromatic amines are used. Environmental monitoring allowed to acquired informations about environmental concentrations of aromatic amines, to identify their physical condition and so to individuate a map risk in this factory. The biological monitoring was conducted to acquire epidemiological information from archives of usual biological check up. The AA propose a methodology for epidemiological survey of people exposed to aromatic amines. PMID- 6671505 TI - [A case of carbon tetrachloride poisoning]. AB - The authors present a case of severe poisoning as a result of ingestion of a considerable amount of Carbon Tetrachloride, where toxic hepatitis and hepato nephritis, neurological occurrences and sexual disturbances appeared. There was a considerable decline of the libido, complete impotence during several months. The accident occurred owing the ignorance of the instructions, unlabelled toxic material as such and not keeping it in a safe place. The Hamsin - a hot and dry wind - played an important part in the quick and severe appearance of the poisoning. The sexual disturbances which did not exist before the poisoning, appeared immediately after the intoxication. They were apparently connected with the injury of the liver cells; they are similar to those induced under the influence of other toxic materials. The general condition, including the sexual disturbances improved, and patient returned to his normal working condition after a period of nine months. PMID- 6671506 TI - [Lead exposure in the adult population non-occupationally exposed]. AB - Lead is added into the environment by the production, use and deposited a variety of lead-containing materials. This pollution is increasing during the last years. The major source for the human intake of lead is the food chain. The people who very hardly drinks (especially wine) have been found have very high blood lead levels. 184 hospitalized patients for alcoholic liver diseases were examined and the Pb-B levels were 36,3 +/- 10,2 micrograms/100 ml. Smoking habits are another factor that increases the blood lead levels. PMID- 6671507 TI - [Rehabilitation in disorders of human communication]. PMID- 6671508 TI - [Determination of the fluoride ion concentration in the water of several Mexican communities]. PMID- 6671509 TI - [Controversies on cerebral cysticercosis]. PMID- 6671510 TI - Cholinergic independent dopaminergic regulation of motilin release in man. AB - This study investigated the dopaminergic control of motilin secretion in normal volunteers. Dopamine infusion caused a significant decline of plasma motilin levels, but had no effect on human pancreatic polypeptide (hpp) secretion. Dopamine antagonism with domperidone resulted in a significant elevation of motilin 10 and 20 min after the drug administration, and a significant elevation of hpp at 20 and 30 min. Atropine suppressed the basal levels of motilin and hpp but did not alter the increment of motilin levels after domperidone administration, while atropine suppressed domperidone induced secretory response of hpp. These results suggest that dopaminergic mechanisms exert a tonic inhibitory effect on motilin secretion in normal subjects. PMID- 6671511 TI - The fine structure of pancreatic stones as shown by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray probe microanalyser. AB - To delineate the process of pancreatic stone formation, stones from four patients were studied with a scanning electron microscope and X-ray probe microanalyser. The stones consisted of a central core and surrounding shell. Two kinds of stones were demonstrated: one had a core composed of a calcium-rich amorphous substance and interlacing fibrils; the other had a core consisting of multiple cavities with smooth walls composed of a calcium-deficient amorphous substance. The shells showed a common structure: zones of layers or bands of a calcium-rich amorphous substance, network fibrils filled with a calcium-rich amorphous substance, and laminated parallelogrammic or polygonal plates of calcite parallel to the surface in one layer and oblique or perpendicular in the next layer. Calcium was in the crypto-crystalline state as well as crystalline state of calcite. Crystalline calcite showed spiral and epitaxial growth along with findings of dissolution, resembling cholesterol crystals of gall stones. Pancreatic stones are probably formed through central core formation and layered growth of a shell. Comparison of stones and protein plugs suggests that protein plugs can grow to stones with calcite deposition accompanied by precipitation of network fibrils and an amorphous substance. PMID- 6671512 TI - Intrahepatic cholestasis and hyperbilirubinemia in ethynyl estradiol and chlorpromazine-treated rats. AB - Intrahepatic cholestasis associated with hyperbilirubinemia was induced by the simultaneous administration of ethynyl estradiol (EE) and chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) for 7 days to female Sprague-Dawley rats. Increases in direct serum bilirubin levels and alkaline phosphatase activities were observed concomitantly with diminished bile flow and bile acid excretion. However, the bilirubin output in the bile remained unchanged. [14C]Erythritol clearance decreased in parallel with the diminished bile flow, while [14C]sucrose biliary clearance increased, suggesting that the decrease in bile flow was of canalicular origin and also due to increased permeability in the biliary tract. There was a prominent decrease in the bile acid-independent flow, and the bile acid-dependent flow also decreased concomitantly with the diminished bile acid excretion. Slight increases in cytochrome P-450 and anilin hydroxylase activities in liver microsomes were observed, and bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity increased significantly. Indirect bilirubin clearances determined by a bilirubin load test were markedly reduced in the icteric rats. The bilirubin load test also suggested that bilirubin flowed back into the circulating blood and that gluculonidation of bilirubin mono-gluculonide (BMG) to bilirubin diglucuronide (BDG) was impaired. Light microscopic examinations of the liver revealed marked proliferation of the bile ductules and numerous vacuoles in the hepatocytes. Dilatation of the bile canaliculi with diminished microvilli was also detected by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6671513 TI - Prognostic significance of bridging necrosis in chronic active hepatitis. AB - A retrospective study of 307 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) was conducted to assess the prognostic significance of bridging necrosis (BN). BN was encountered in 70 (22.8%) of 307 patients with CAH. Twenty six cases of CAH with BN and 40 of CAH without BN were followed up with repeated liver biopsies for periods of from 6 months to 12 years. Twelve (46.1%) of the 26 CAH cases with BN developed cirrhosis including 4 cases of early cirrhosis. Seven cases had no sequential histologic changes. Histologic improvement to CAH or to chronic inactive hepatitis (CIH) was seen in 3. On the other hand, one (2.5%) of 40 CAH cases developed cirrhosis and 3 early cirrhosis. Another 3 cases histologically showed aggravation to CAH with BN, two of which developed in a short period after the initial biopsy and the possibility of sampling error in the initial biopsy cannot be ruled out. There were no sequential histologic changes in 26 of the 40 cases. Histologic improvement to nonspecific reactive hepatitis or to CIH was seen in 7. From these findings, it may be concluded that the presence of BN in CAH holds prognostic implications. PMID- 6671514 TI - Establishment and characterization of a carcinoembryonic antigen producing cell line derived from human pancreatic exocrine cancer. AB - A human pancreatic carcinoma cell line derived from well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma of the pancreas head has been established and maintained for nearly 4 years. This established cell line produces and releases carcinoembryonic antigen into the culture medium. The cell line grows as a monolayer in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10 percent fetal calf serum. Xenotransplantation in athymic nude mice after subcutaneous injection of EDTA-trypsin treated cells did not succeed. PMID- 6671515 TI - Purification of small polydisperse circular DNA of eukaryotic cells by use of ATP dependent deoxyribonuclease. AB - Small polydisperse circular (spc) DNAs of mouse thymocytes were purified by a procedure involving nitrocellulose column chromatography and the treatment of ATP dependent DNase, which acts only upon linear DNA molecules. Nitrocellulose column chromatography prior to the enzyme treatment was essential because digestion of linear DNA duplexes by the enzyme was inhibited by the presence of concomitant single-stranded DNAs. Mitochondrial DNAs were eliminated by linearization with XhoI and digestion with ATP-dependent DNase. The size distribution of the purified spc DNA molecules ranged from 0.2 micron to more than 28 micron, with a mean length of 5.4 micron. Circular molecules of more than 0.4 micron long (or 1.2 kb) were free from the contamination of linear DNA fragments and pure enough to be cloned into plasmids. PMID- 6671516 TI - [Correlation of the maximum permissible concentrations of substances in the atmosphere with their ionization potential]. PMID- 6671518 TI - [Radiational-healthful evaluation of the centralized heating and hot water supply system for the village of Bilibino from the Bilibino Atomic Heating and Power Plant]. PMID- 6671517 TI - [Effect of raising the environmental temperature on the development of hypoxia in the myocardium]. PMID- 6671519 TI - [Study of the sanitary-microbiological self-purification processes of a recreational sea zone using mathematical modelling]. PMID- 6671520 TI - [Data for the regulation of soil contents of the herbicide, butyl ether 2,4-D]. PMID- 6671521 TI - [Water migration criterion of antimony hazards in a healthful determination of its maximum allowable concentration in soil]. PMID- 6671522 TI - [Enzymatic evaluation of the subacute activity of lower doses of T-2 toxin]. PMID- 6671523 TI - [Analysis of the work experience for the preparation of the yearly collection "Environmental Health in the USSR"]. PMID- 6671524 TI - [Basic insufficiencies of standard and technical documentation, identified in scientific health study, and ways to eliminate them]. PMID- 6671525 TI - [Health education of the population in relation to the extensive use of laser radiation]. PMID- 6671526 TI - [Spectrographic determination of trace elements in natural water using government reference standards]. PMID- 6671527 TI - [Device for emergency ventilation of inoculation chambers, used in a chronic toxicological experiment]. PMID- 6671528 TI - [Health and disease prevention]. PMID- 6671529 TI - [Spectrophotometric method of the determination of dispersed dye pigments and dispersants in model media]. PMID- 6671530 TI - [Electrophysiological method of registering the functional activity of smooth muscle vessels in a toxicological experiment]. PMID- 6671531 TI - [Comparative study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air and soil pollutants using a modified method of low-temperature spectrofluorimetry in liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6671532 TI - [Tentative determination of the class of industrial solid wastes hazards using a calculation method]. PMID- 6671533 TI - [Hygienic significance of submicroscopic fractions of asbestos dust in occupational and domestic environments]. PMID- 6671534 TI - [Evaluation of physical development: methodology and practical experience in criteria evaluation research]. PMID- 6671535 TI - [Determination of the single exposure threshold in healthful toxicology]. PMID- 6671536 TI - [Experience of the Ivano-Frankovsk regional health epidemiological station in organizing and exercising a comprehensive control]. PMID- 6671537 TI - [Antimony as a component of occupational air pollutants in an industrial town]. PMID- 6671538 TI - [An equation for the determination of harmful atmospheric substances released from plastic]. PMID- 6671539 TI - [Healthful substantiation of the maximum allowable concentration of morozole-2 in reservoir water]. PMID- 6671541 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of modern sprinkling equipment used in fields irrigated by water from cattle breeding complexes]. PMID- 6671540 TI - [Biological activity of soil microorganisms as an indicator of the toxic effects of acrex and metathione]. PMID- 6671542 TI - [Determination of the level of chemicals migrating from medical rubber in relation to its chemical composition]. PMID- 6671543 TI - [Antimicrobial effects of disinfecting agents]. PMID- 6671544 TI - [Dynamics of the work capacity of students attending out-of-school institutions]. PMID- 6671545 TI - [Examination stress as an indicator of the adaptative-trophic function of the nervous system]. PMID- 6671546 TI - [Raising the healthful dependability of tentative safe levels of exposure of metal-containing compounds in the atmosphere]. PMID- 6671547 TI - [Progress in prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 6671548 TI - [Clinical experiences in prenatal diagnosis based on the cases of the Child Health Center]. PMID- 6671549 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis in the Genetic Counseling Department of the Child Health Center]. PMID- 6671550 TI - [Prenatal endocrinology. I. Cortisol in the amniotic fluid and blood serum of women in the 17th week of pregnancy]. PMID- 6671552 TI - [Risk of thrombosis in the puerperium]. PMID- 6671551 TI - [Prenatal endocrinology. II. Growth hormone in the amniotic fluid and blood serum of women in the 17th week of pregnancy]. PMID- 6671553 TI - [Incidence of malignant genital neoplasms in Cracow 1976-1979]. PMID- 6671554 TI - [Fetal echocardiography. 4. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal heart defects]. PMID- 6671555 TI - [Lead poisoning]. PMID- 6671556 TI - [Treatment of phenothiazine overdose in children with physostigmine]. PMID- 6671557 TI - [Conduction system involvement during acute myocarditis]. PMID- 6671558 TI - [Pyogenic sacroiliitis]. PMID- 6671559 TI - [Acute streptococcal interstitial nephritis]. PMID- 6671560 TI - [Campylobacter enteritis mimicking relapse of ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6671561 TI - [Control of breathing during sleep]. PMID- 6671562 TI - [Impotence--differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6671563 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the liver Kupffer cells]. PMID- 6671564 TI - [Vision screening of 7 to 11 year-old children in special schools]. PMID- 6671565 TI - [The sexual activity following acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6671566 TI - [Hypertension in chronic renal failure--hemodynamics, and pathogenesis]. PMID- 6671567 TI - [Calcium and hypertension]. PMID- 6671569 TI - [Appendectomy in patients suffering from Crohn's disease]. PMID- 6671568 TI - [Chemonucleolysis]. PMID- 6671570 TI - [Relaxin]. PMID- 6671571 TI - [Carnitine--clinical implications]. PMID- 6671572 TI - [The auditory brainstem evoked response in comatose children]. PMID- 6671573 TI - [Photochemotherapy by the PUVA method in dermatology]. PMID- 6671574 TI - [Operative arthroscopy]. PMID- 6671575 TI - [Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)--A case report]. PMID- 6671576 TI - [Hazards of button battery ingestion by children]. PMID- 6671577 TI - [Kala-azar in the adult]. PMID- 6671578 TI - [Duodenal vascular compression syndrome]. PMID- 6671579 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the bladder with urine peritonitis]. PMID- 6671580 TI - [Polyamines as biomechanical markers in cancer and polyamine inhibitors efficacy in the treatment of malignant tumors]. PMID- 6671581 TI - [Short and intermittent course therapy for tuberculosis]. PMID- 6671582 TI - [Neonatal urinary tract infections]. PMID- 6671583 TI - [Characteristics and clinical importance of the natural killer cells]. PMID- 6671584 TI - [Prevention of neural tube defects]. PMID- 6671585 TI - [Sudden infant death syndrome (S.I.D.S.) and near-miss S.I.D.S]. PMID- 6671586 TI - [The effect of estrogens on the lower female urinary tract]. PMID- 6671587 TI - [Nutritional labelling of foods in Israel]. PMID- 6671588 TI - [Non-approved anti-obesity drug combinations and products]. PMID- 6671589 TI - [Congenital hypothyroidism due to athyreosis]. PMID- 6671590 TI - [Retrospective clinical and pathological study of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 6671591 TI - [Poisoning in Israel in 1981]. PMID- 6671592 TI - [Advisability of total hip replacement in a peripheral hospital]. PMID- 6671594 TI - [Papilledema and abducens nerve palsy in decompression sickness]. PMID- 6671593 TI - [Early surgical treatment of craniostenosis and frontal remodelling]. PMID- 6671595 TI - [Avascular necrosis of bone in decompression sickness]. PMID- 6671596 TI - [Failure of pneumococcal vaccine to prevent pneumococcal meningitis]. PMID- 6671597 TI - [Puerperal and neonatal pneumococcal infection]. PMID- 6671598 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux in children]. PMID- 6671599 TI - [Interception (postcoital contraception)]. PMID- 6671600 TI - [Medical day care unit in a general hospital]. PMID- 6671602 TI - [Oral fluid therapy in children with acute gastroenteritis]. PMID- 6671603 TI - [Constrictive pericarditis--an unrecognized complication of open heart surgery]. PMID- 6671601 TI - [Diagnosis of nutritional rickets in a community and determination of serum vitamin 25(OH)D3]. PMID- 6671604 TI - [The difficulties in diagnosing chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6671605 TI - [Reiter's syndrome]. PMID- 6671606 TI - [The treatment of gram-negative meningitis]. PMID- 6671607 TI - [Sinus node dysfunction in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6671608 TI - [Behavioral and histological effects of prenatal exposure to diazepam in rats]. PMID- 6671609 TI - [Postsplenectomy sepsis in children]. PMID- 6671610 TI - [Treatment of post-dural puncture headache]. PMID- 6671611 TI - [Endocardial excision without intraoperative endocardial mapping for intractable pleomorphic ventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 6671612 TI - [Endometriosis in an abdominal scar]. PMID- 6671613 TI - [Left atrial myoma presenting with atrial tachycardia]. PMID- 6671614 TI - [Pneumococcal meningitis following lumbar puncture]. PMID- 6671615 TI - [Missed bilateral anterior dislocation of the shoulder following convulsions]. PMID- 6671616 TI - [Septic arthritis of the knee caused by Salmonella typhi]. PMID- 6671618 TI - [Foot problems in children]. PMID- 6671617 TI - [Surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6671619 TI - [Renal angiomyolipoma]. PMID- 6671620 TI - [Vision screening of infants in mother and child health care centers]. PMID- 6671621 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in essential hypertension]. PMID- 6671622 TI - [The erythrocyte as an experimental paradigm in essential hypertension]. PMID- 6671623 TI - [Ocular lesions in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6671624 TI - [The origin of the Reed-Sternberg cell: a solution to the mystery]. PMID- 6671625 TI - [Pulmonary edema occurring after isoxsuprine treatment for preterm labor]. PMID- 6671626 TI - [Effects of intravenous infusion of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on acute experimental congestive heart failure]. AB - Experiments were undertaken to examine whether and how intravenous infusion of ISDN ameliorated hemodynamics of anesthetized dogs with congestive heart failure. A model of acute congestive heart failure with markedly high left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and low cardiac index (CI) was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) following 30-min infusion of dextran solution containing propranolol in halothane anesthetized open-chest dogs. Five minutes after occlusion of LAD, intravenous infusion of ISDN (100 and 500 micrograms/kg/min for 5 min) decreased the elevated LVEDP, aortic pressure and systemic vascular resistance, and enhanced the reduced CI. These changes produced by ISDN were significant (P less than 0.05 or P less than 0.01) as compared with values just before infusion of ISDN. ISDN at the same doses slightly reduced LVEDP, but did not increase CI in normal dogs which were not subjected to the coronary occlusion and dextran infusion. These results indicate that intravenous infusion of ISDN reduces both pre- and after-load and increases CI in dogs with heart failure, demonstrating that ISDN is useful for the vasodilator therapy of heart failure. PMID- 6671627 TI - [Effects of 4-(o-benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine hydrochloride (MCI-2016) on monamine metabolism in the brain]. AB - Effects of MCI-2016 on the uptake, contents and turnover rate of monoamines were studied in the rat brain. MCI-2016 exhibited more potent inhibitory effect on the noradrenaline (NA) uptake than on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) uptake. Especially, the inhibitory effect of MCI-2016 on the NA uptake in the hypothalamus was comparable to that of imipramine with the IC50 value of 4 X 10( 8) M. The levels of NA and its metabolite, MHPG-SO4, in the whole brain were significantly increased by 30 mg/kg, i.p. of MCI-2016. The peak effects were reached between two to 4 hrs after administration. The increase in 5-HT contents at the cortex were also observed by MCI-2016 (30 mg/kg, i.p.), with little changes in 5-HIAA contents. The levels of DA, HVA and DOPAC in the whole brain were not significantly influenced by MCI-2016. The turnover rate of NA was facilitated by 61.1% by 15 mg/kg, i.p. of MCI-2016. DA and 5-HT turnover rates were little affected by the same dosage of MCI-2016. In the case of imipramine (15 mg/kg, i.p.), however, it didn't increase the NA turnover, and in addition, it inhibited the 5-HT turnover. The increase in NA turnover rate induced by MCI 2016 was antagonized by 54.5% by 30 mg/kg, i.p. of atropine. Physostigmine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) also increased NA turnover rate which was also partially (62.6%) inhibited by atropine. These results may suggest that the effects of MCI-2016 on noradrenergic mechanisms were qualitatively different from those of tricyclic antidepressants. In addition, the results with atropine on the turnover rate may in part suggest a possible participation of the cholinergic mechanism on the turnover increasing effect of MCI-2016. PMID- 6671628 TI - [Anti-inflammatory effect of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase on carrageenin-induced arthritis in rabbits]. AB - Anti-arthritic action of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was studied in rabbits. Arthritis was induced by intraarticular injections of lambda-carrageenin (1%, 1 ml) into the knee joint weekly for two weeks. In this experimental arthritis, acid phosphatase activity, quantities of protein, uronic acid and lipid peroxide, and leukocyte counts in the synovial fluid increased; and the quantity of uronic acid in the articular cartilage decreased. Microscopic findings of the synovial membrane showed a proliferative synovitis. The responses of the left and right knee joint to carrageenin were much to the same in degree, so that the anti arthritic action of SOD by intraarticular injections was evaluated on one knee joint, referring to the other joint as a control (saline injections). Two injections of SOD (350 SOD unit = 0.1 mg), one a week, suppressed the inflammatory changes in the biochemical parameters of the synovial fluid and the articular cartilage; particularly, significant inhibitory effects on acid phosphatase, lipid peroxide and leukocyte were observed. The microscopic findings of the synovial membrane also revealed that SOD was efficacious. On the other hand, 0.1 mg of denatured SOD, prepared by reducing the S-S bond or heating under an alkaline condition, did not show any anti-arthritic activity. These results suggest that the anti-arthritic action of SOD actually depends on the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase. PMID- 6671629 TI - [Antihypertensive action of elcatonin]. AB - Subcutaneous injections of elcatonin, a synthetic analogue of eel calcitonin, lowered the blood pressure in DOCA/saline-hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), but not in normotensive Wistar rats. The hypotensive effect was more prominent in the DOCA hypertensive rats. Daily injections of elcatonin (10-30 U/kg/day for 21 days) resulted in maximum hypotension on the 4th day in DOCA hypertensive rats and on the 14th day in SHR, and the reduced level of blood pressure was maintained. After the cessation of elcatonin injections, the pressure started to elevate gradually towards the control level. In normotensive rats, elcatonin did not significantly alter the blood pressure for 6 weeks. Daily injections of elcatonin significantly prevented the development of DOCA-induced hypertension and spontaneously-occurring hypertension. Elcatonin induced hypotension did not differ in the control and parathyroidectomized DOCA hypertensive rats. Elcatonin did not alter the pressor response to noradrenaline, vasopressin and angiotensin II nor the depressor response to isoproterenol, acetylcholine and histamine in DOCA hypertensive rats. It is concluded that the antihypertensive effect of elcatonin is not associated with the release of parathyroid hormone nor with the blockade of alpha, beta, angiotensin II and vasopressin receptors. PMID- 6671630 TI - Effect of estradiol-treated females on all-female groups of rhesus monkeys during the transition between the nonbreeding and breeding seasons. AB - Behavior, sex steroid levels and sex skin color were monitored in 2 out-door housed all-female groups of rhesus monkeys during the nonbreeding season and into the breeding period. Each group contained gonadally intact and ovariectomized (OVX) females. In one group, 2 OVX females were implanted with estradiol benzoate pellets. Female-to-female sexual behavior, sex skin redness and endocrine indices of ovulation (in intact females) all increased as the breeding season approached. The two groups did not differ with regard to these measures. This lack of difference suggests that the presence of males may be required to mediate socially facilitated out-of-season breeding by females. No strong relationships were detected between steroid levels of intact females and sex skin color or female-to-female sexual behavior in all-female groups. PMID- 6671631 TI - Morphology of the interorbital region of Saimiri sciureus. AB - The skull of the platyrrhine primate Saimiri sciureus is distinguished by a large interorbital fenestra. Juvenile skulls still show a bony interorbital septum with some small gaps. A morphogenetic study was undertaken to better understand the structures of the interorbital region, which represents a linkage between the base of the braincase and the nasal skeleton. Already in early ontogenetic stages a reduction of the posterior portion of the nasal capsule and of the cartilaginous interorbital septum are observed, resulting in the formation of a primary interorbital fenestra. A bony interorbital septum is mainly formed in perinatal age stages by ossification of the presphenoid and by medial fusion of the frontals; the primary interorbital fenestra is retained as a small opening. It only occurs in late juvenile stages when the definitive interorbital fenestra develops by by secondary transformation of bone into a membrane of dense connective tissue; this process is most probably caused by mechanical friction of the very closely approximated eyes of both sides. PMID- 6671634 TI - [Primary requirements for the care of pregnant women]. PMID- 6671633 TI - Metabolism of D-phenylalanine and its effects on concentrations of brain monoamines and amino acids in rats--a basic study on possibility of clinical use of D-phenylalanine as an antidepressant. AB - The effect of D-phenylalanine on the concentrations of brain catecholamines, serotonin, beta-phenylethylamine and amino acids was examined using rats injected intraperitoneally with 200 mg/kg of D-phenylalanine. The contents of these monoamines in the rat brain were not affected by the administration of D phenylalanine. No spectacular change was observed in the concentrations of brain amino acids except phenylalanine, which increased about four times during 30-60 minutes after the injection. This increase was attributed to the administered D phenylalanine. To confirm the finding that D-phenylalanine did not affect the content of beta-phenylethylamine, the metabolism of D-phenylalanine was examined using D-[14C]-phenylalanine. It was proven that D-phenylalanine did not convert to beta-phenylethylamine. On the basis of these findings the antidepressant effect of D-phenylalanine was critically discussed. PMID- 6671632 TI - Amphetamine psychosis in Tokyo--its clinical features and social problems. AB - Japan is presently experiencing a second epidemic of amphetamine abuse, with methamphetamine abusers committing an increasing number of murders and injuries to ordinary citizens. As a result of the author's study of some 60 cases of amphetamine psychosis, the basic symptomatology of the disease was determined to be a paranoid hallucinatory state. Moreover, according to the contents of the paranoid hallucinatory state and the courses of the disease, amphetamine psychotics were divided into two types--the acute and the chronic. Though the former delusions were vivid, realistic and concrete, the latter were generalized, systematized and grandiose. Regarding the course of the disease, the former were episodic and the latter required longer treatments. Thus as the outline of the social background of these addicts had been made clear, it has been emphasized that the authorities must decide to solve this as a social problem. PMID- 6671635 TI - [Renal and extracorporeal elimination of digoxin and its methylated and acetylated derivatives]. AB - This study was performed to get more informations on the renal and extracorporeal elimination of digoxin. The first part of this study demonstrated that a radioimmunoassay for digoxin or a specific tritium label of digoxin is necessary to measure renal digoxin clearances. Randomly labeled 3H-digoxin may loose its label and thus give incoherent results. A comparison of digoxin and inulin clearances in patients demonstrates glomerular filtration as the major renal excretion pathway of digoxin, but a major fraction of the glycoside is excreted by tubular secretion. Opposite to digoxin, beta-methyl-digoxin undergoes less tubular secretion but eventually additional tubular reabsorption. The insertion of digoxin and quinidine may be a further prove for the existence of a tubular secretion of digoxin. While the renal clearance of digoxin is significantly bigger than the renal clearance of creatinine, additional quinidine therapy reduces the renal clearance of digoxin to the one of creatinine. We studied the renal excretion mechanism of digoxin additionally in an animal model of acute prerenal failure. After a 33% reduction of renal arterial pressure glomerular filtrate dropped 68%. Under these circumstances the renal excretion mechanism of digoxin measured as the digoxin to inulin clearance ratio did not change. We evaluated the efficiency of hemodialysis, hemofiltration and hemoperfusion to eliminate digoxin. Although digoxin is eliminated by all three methods, even the most effective, hemoperfusion, can reduce total body content of digoxin less than 3%. Thus we conclude that all these methods have no indication in the treatment of digoxin intoxications. PMID- 6671637 TI - [Application of topographic mapping of electroencephalogram to cerebrovascular diseases]. AB - Not a little difficulties lie in extraction of useful information by visual inspection alone from massive amount of data contained in multichannel polygraphic recordings of electroencephalography (EEG). Therefore, an effort to summarize conventional EEG and to demonstrate it semi-quantitatively has been made by many investigators and recently topographic mapping of EEG (TME), which is able to display equipotential maps of square roots of power spectra over each frequency band on computer-driven color video screen, has been designed. This system was clinically applied to the 16 patients who developed cerebrovascular disease with supratentorial lesions. (1) Slow wave focus was more obviously visualized on delta and/or theta bands of TME compared to visual inspection of conventional EEG in 8 cases out of 16. Also, suppression of alpha wave was beautifully demonstrated in 12 cases out of 16. The fact indicates that TME is useful as a sensitive detector of suppressed neuronal function. (2) Improvement of both TME and clinical signs after oxygenation at high pressure (case 3), carotid endarterectomy (case 1) and bypass surgery (case 6) were well correlated. The fact indicates that TME is one of the acceptable objective parameters for assessment of efficacy of various therapies. (3) TME was employed as a test evaluating effectiveness of bypass operation. This test was performed by compressing anastomosed superficial temporal artery (STA) for 10 minutes and change of TME after compression of STA was observed. In case 2 and 15, suppression of alpha activity was obviously noted in the occipital area ipsilateral to the STA compression following compression of STA, which suggested that these 2 cases depend hemodynamically on the anastomosed STA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6671636 TI - [Surgical management of trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, paroxysmal tinnitus and nystagmus by neurovascular decompression]. AB - Trigeminal neuralgia, facial spasm, tinnitus, vertigo, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia are believed to be the symptoms complex of hyperactive dysfunction of the cranial nerve caused by vascular cross compression at the root entry (exit) zone of the appropriate nerve. Posterior cranial fossa approach for the neurovascular decompression was enhanced by Jannetta et al (1975). From their experiences of surgery, they emphasized that these symptoms were relieved by surgery. In this report, we will discuss the etiology of the disease, the neurotological examination, the angiographic findings, the operative findings and results in a series of 10 patients who have undergone neurovascular decompression. The series consisted of 4 cases with trigeminal neuralgia, 5 cases with facial spasm, and 1 case with paroxysmal tinnitus accompanied by facial spasm. The postoperative progress in these all patients was excellent and relieved of the symptoms. There was neither mortality nor any significant complication. We stress that the neurovascular decompression surgery is now well justified as the definite treatment for the trigeminal neuralgia and facial spasm, because the surgery can be performed easily and safely by the neurosurgeons. The indication of the neurovascular decompression for the acoustic nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve is still controversial. In our own case, tinnitus was paroxysmal and complicated with facial spasm, not synchronous with facial spasm, but with nystagmus. This selective synchronism between tinnitus and nystagmus is a particular feature of our clinical instance. This particular clinical experience may provide some highly significant suggestions in considering the applicability of neurovascular decompression to the acoustic nerve. PMID- 6671638 TI - [Primula dermatitis]. AB - Ten patients with primula dermatitis observed in Hokkaido were reported. All patients presented positive patch test reactions to a part of an extract of primula obconica. Postlesional pigmentation is prominent in patients with recurrent dermatitis. Histologic features were liquefaction degeneration of a basal layer of the epidermis and incontinentia pigmenti histological, i.e., lichenoid tissue reaction. PMID- 6671639 TI - [Influence of the donor's smoking on P50 of the banked blood]. AB - Influence of the donor's smoking on the banked blood P50 was investigated. Twenty four male and 19 female donor's CPD blood were measured P50 immediately after donation with new P50 determing system. This system ( [P50-H] ) consists of a fully automatic blood gas analyser and Co-oxymeter and the oxygen equilibrium curve and P50 are mathematically determined with microcomputer. P50 of eleven male non-smokers was 24.8 +/- 1.9 mmHg at pH 6.98 +/- 0.06 and P50 of 16 male smokers was 22.9 +/- 1.2 mmHg at pH 6.97 +/- 0.08. On the otherhand, P50 of 13 female nonsmokers was 24.3 +/- 1.3 mmHg at pH 6.91 +/- 0.05 and P50 of 3 female smokers was 23.4 +/- 1.7 at pH 6.93 +/- 0.03. These data showed that P50 of smoker's blood was significantly low compared with non smoker's blood. PMID- 6671640 TI - Toward a clinically relevant experimental psychology of dreaming. PMID- 6671641 TI - The interaction between clinical research and treatment. PMID- 6671642 TI - Behavioral treatment of an acute schizophrenic inpatient: a case report. PMID- 6671644 TI - Reluctance to readmit psychiatric patients. AB - Psychiatric patients whom staff on an inpatient service were reluctant to readmit were compared to all other patients about whom no such reservations had been expressed. The former group revealed a much greater number of readmissions and a greater proportion of males. Although no statistically significant differences in diagnoses were found, there tended to be a greater proportion of patients with personality and affective disorders and a lesser proportion of those with neurotic and other disorders in this group. There was agreement among clinicians that patients with antisocial and aggressive personalities were difficult to treat, resulting in staff reluctance to readmit them. Marked disagreement about readmitting other patients who did not respond well to treatment efforts indicated differing tolerance among clinicians and also different attitudes toward, and philosophies of, treatment of difficult chronic patients. These data raise further questions concerning factors contributing to chronicity and poor prognosis in psychiatric patients. Recent work indicates that consideration should be given not only to individual characteristics of patients but also to the contribution of the characteristics and attitudes of their families, mental health professionals, and programs in the maintenance of chronicity. PMID- 6671643 TI - The general hospital psychiatrist as "compleat" therapist. AB - Four case histories have been presented to illustrate the range of therapeutic modalities which the liaison and consultation psychiatrist may be called upon to employ in the routine treatment of patients in the general hospital. These include analytically oriented insight and supportive psychotherapy, intervention with the family, collaboration with the medical and nursing staff, resolution of staff countertransference difficulties, pharmacotherapy, the turning of hospital and community resources to therapeutic account, and follow-up treatment and referral. Other more specialized modalities such as hypnosis (Frankel, 1978), amytal interview (Naples and Hackett, 1978) electroconvulsive therapy (Glaser, 1953), biofeedback and behavior therapy (Fordyce, 1978), and group therapy (Rahe, O'Neil, Hagan, and Ransom, 1975) have also proven useful. The synthesis of these skills into an individualized, coherent treatment approach is the challenge posed to the consultant by the 20 to 60 percent (Lipowski, 1967) of patients admitted to the general hospital with treatable emotional disorders. Because the vast majority of these disorders relate directly to the illness for which the patient was admitted and to the treatment rendered (Torem, Saravay, and Steinberg, 1979) they comprise a unique spectrum of psychiatric illnesses which often demand timely intervention (Solomon, Saravay, and Steinberg, 1980) before complete information is available. To effectively meet these challenges, the general hospital psychiatrist strives toward the ideal of the "compleat" therapist- creatively synthesizing an individualized approach from a varied therapeutic repertoire for each of the patients he is called upon to treat. PMID- 6671645 TI - Autoscopy: the experience of oneself as a double. AB - Autoscopy is thought to be a rare phenomenon in which a person visualizes or experiences a veritable hallucinatory image of his double. It may be more common than has hitherto been thought, however. It has no general pathological significance compared with its counterpart, the Capgras syndrome, where there is the experience of the object as a double, but it can occur in psychotic and borderline states and in afflictions of the central nervous system. Autoscopy has been known since ancient times but came into prominence only in the nineteenth century, both in the romantic literature of the double and in neuropsychiatric research. This paper details its history in literature as well as in psychiatry and neurology and also offers clinical examples from the author's caseload. It is the contention of the author that the phenomenon is far more common as an intrapsychic (nonhallucinatory) experience and that it is especially common in dreams. Autoscopy can ultimately be considered the quintessence of a "Cartesian artifice" in which one mind-body ("I") is caught in the act of regarding its compatriot self as a mind-body with sufficient distance as to register the ultimate meaning of self-recognition. A theory is offered that autoscopy is a special form of depersonalization which may be related to the "split-brain" phenomenon neurophysiologically and which is due to special forms of splitting and projective identification psychically. PMID- 6671646 TI - An analysis of the processing requirements of a complex perceptual-motor task. PMID- 6671647 TI - A comparison of rating scale, secondary-task, physiological, and primary-task workload estimation techniques in a simulated flight task emphasizing communications load. PMID- 6671648 TI - Perception of simulated propeller cavitation. PMID- 6671649 TI - Readability of text scrolled on visual display terminals as a function of window size. PMID- 6671650 TI - A study of methods for engaging moving targets. PMID- 6671652 TI - Response of the central circulation to decompression of different parts of the body in normal subjects. PMID- 6671651 TI - Comparative analysis of amplitude and frequency characteristics of human microphonic potentials obtained experimentally and with the aid of a mathematical model. PMID- 6671653 TI - Circadian rhythm of working capacity, sympathicoadrenal activity, and myocardial infarction. PMID- 6671654 TI - Regional lung function in the late stage of physiological pregnancy. PMID- 6671655 TI - Effect of hypoxia on external respiratory function in old age. PMID- 6671656 TI - Circadian rhythm of body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate. PMID- 6671657 TI - Asymmetry of sensitivity of the human auditory system measured by the constant stimulus method. PMID- 6671658 TI - Evoked potentials of posterior association areas of the cortex during discrimination and recognition of human portraits. PMID- 6671660 TI - Some data on generation of the ipsilateral somatosensory evoked potential. PMID- 6671661 TI - Monoamine oxidase & amine-tetrazolium reductase in mitochondrial preparations. PMID- 6671659 TI - Functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres during adaptation to new climato geographic conditions. PMID- 6671662 TI - Differential thermal sensitivity of subcellular lysozymes of rat kidney. PMID- 6671663 TI - Hormone-induced changes in acid phosphatase activity during imbibition of 96-hr germinated castor seed. PMID- 6671664 TI - Physico-chemical studies of the hydration of casein in presence & absence of fat, electrolytes & urea. PMID- 6671665 TI - Binding of cationic & anionic detergents to casein in presence and absence of milk fat. PMID- 6671666 TI - Structure of nucleohistone & nucleoprotamine--a comparative study. PMID- 6671667 TI - Psi-type CD spectra of DNA induced by pH & spermine. PMID- 6671668 TI - Cell-free synthesis of enzymatically active phenylalanine ammonia lyase protein in wheat germ system using mRNA isolated from gamma-irradiated potato bud tissue. PMID- 6671669 TI - Mechanism of inhibition of beef liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase by iproniazid. PMID- 6671671 TI - Inhibitory activity of cardiotoxin II of the Indian cobra & certain antibiotics on lysis of bacteria promoted by lysozyme. PMID- 6671670 TI - A possible relation between the salting-out behaviour of proteins & their surface hydrophobicity. PMID- 6671672 TI - Bio-degradation of acetates of geraniol, nerol & citronellol by P. incognita: isolation & identification of metabolites. PMID- 6671673 TI - Characterization of L-glutamate dehydrogenase activity of axenically grown Acanthamoeba culbertsoni. PMID- 6671674 TI - Determination of dipeptides in peptide mixtures using a simple biuret method. PMID- 6671675 TI - Physical & chemical studies on lipopolysaccharide of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. PMID- 6671676 TI - Effect of membrane active components from the venom of central Asian cobra (Naja naja oxiana Eichwald) on some functional parameters of mitochondria. PMID- 6671677 TI - Effect of feeding cooked tapioca as compared to rice on the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans in rats. PMID- 6671678 TI - Spectrophotometric evaluation of changes during activation of prothrombin to thrombin. PMID- 6671679 TI - Interaction of Mehler-type reagents & electron transport inhibitors with chloroplast-localized, photosystem I based nitrite reductase. PMID- 6671681 TI - On interaction of cobra venom polypeptides with different substrate systems. PMID- 6671680 TI - Purification & characterization of alpha-chymotrypsins from sheep & goat pancreas. PMID- 6671682 TI - Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance studies of water proton in subcellular fractions. PMID- 6671683 TI - Antibodies to dpApT sequence: purification & studies on their specificity & affinity to different ligands. PMID- 6671684 TI - Effect of berberine chloride binding on the structure of cholera phage phi 2 DNA. PMID- 6671685 TI - Purification & properties of glycogen phosphorylase a from mantle muscle of the cuttle fish, Sepia pharaonis. PMID- 6671686 TI - Possible influence of free functional groups in the chain on the bio esterification of fatty acids to triglycerides in nature. PMID- 6671687 TI - Purification & properties of arginase from Arachis hypogea L. seedlings. PMID- 6671688 TI - [Discoid lupus erythematosus as a sign of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6671689 TI - [Evaluation of urinary androstanediol in idiopathic hirsutism as a sign of peripheral hyperandrogenism]. PMID- 6671690 TI - [Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome, a variant of the epidermal nevus syndrome]. PMID- 6671692 TI - [Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia]. PMID- 6671691 TI - [A case of annular lipoatrophy (Ferreira-Marques type)]. PMID- 6671693 TI - [Considerations on a case of hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans]. PMID- 6671694 TI - [Chronic recurrent postular allergic vasculitis]. PMID- 6671695 TI - [Hepatitis in secondary syphilis. Review of the literature]. PMID- 6671696 TI - [A case of atypical annular granulomas]. PMID- 6671697 TI - [Use of the osmium-iodide technic in semi-thin sections of the skin for the histochemical study of melanocytes]. PMID- 6671698 TI - [Impetigo herpetiformis and aromatic retinoid]. PMID- 6671699 TI - [Photoradiotherapy with hematoporphyrin derivatives. New therapeutic possibility in cutaneous neoplastic pathology]. PMID- 6671701 TI - A quantitative assay of porphobilinogen (PBG) and delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in the urine of one hundred normal Punjabis. A spectrophotometric study. PMID- 6671700 TI - [Hydroxychloroquine with or without prednisone in the therapy of porphyria cutaneous tarda and of the associated hepatopathy. Preliminary results of a prospective trial]. PMID- 6671702 TI - Ocular changes after treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with chloroquine. PMID- 6671703 TI - A clinical and mycological study of dermatophytoses. PMID- 6671704 TI - The assessment of anxiety level in dermatological patients. PMID- 6671705 TI - Pemphigus vulgaris with myxoedema. PMID- 6671706 TI - Familial hyperlipidaemia with xanthomas. Two case reports with review of literature. PMID- 6671707 TI - Lipoid proteinosis. A case report. PMID- 6671708 TI - Hepatitis B infection in an orphanage. PMID- 6671709 TI - An outbreak of gastroenteritis due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Vellore. PMID- 6671710 TI - Incorporation of U-14C-glucose into the lipids & sugars of Culex pipiens fatigans. PMID- 6671711 TI - Sandflies of Jammu region with a review on their records in Jammu & Kashmir State, India. PMID- 6671712 TI - The effect of levamisole on the level of biogenic amines in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. PMID- 6671713 TI - A study of familial combined hyperlipidemia in 11 families. PMID- 6671714 TI - Autopsy study of pulmonary vascular changes in patients of rheumatic mitral stenosis. PMID- 6671715 TI - Natural killer cell activity in patients with cervical cancer. PMID- 6671716 TI - Preliminary study of age changes in Gujarati (Indian) pubic bones. PMID- 6671717 TI - Study of gastric & intestinal motility in young & adult rats. PMID- 6671719 TI - Study of variation in area mortality rates in Madras City & its correlates. PMID- 6671718 TI - A preliminary study of the antifertility effect of Vicoa indica in albino rats. PMID- 6671720 TI - Incidence of sickle cell disease in Chandrapur area. PMID- 6671722 TI - Weight pattern of pre-school children in a rural area of Delhi. PMID- 6671721 TI - Intracranial hemorrhage in newborn infants. PMID- 6671724 TI - Pulmonary functions and their correlation with anthropometric parameters in rural children. PMID- 6671723 TI - Feeding practices among children of different castes in rural Ludhiana. PMID- 6671725 TI - Feasibility of measles vaccine: experience with live attenuated virus vaccine in and around Sevagram. PMID- 6671726 TI - Suprasternal echocardiography-angiographic correlations in the young. PMID- 6671727 TI - Measles in India, a neglected problem. PMID- 6671728 TI - Chloramphenicol therapy in the neonate. PMID- 6671729 TI - Strategies for prevention and control of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. PMID- 6671730 TI - Neonatal nosocomial infections. PMID- 6671731 TI - Sarcoma botryoides of the vagina. PMID- 6671732 TI - Retropharyngeal abscesses in infants. PMID- 6671733 TI - Impacted esophageal foreign body in an infant. PMID- 6671734 TI - Alveolar microlithiasis--a case report with review of literature. PMID- 6671735 TI - Cavernous sinus thrombosis with retrobulbar mass and hemiplegia. PMID- 6671736 TI - Surgical management of A & V patterns. PMID- 6671737 TI - Contracture of extraocular muscle (a experimental study on monkeys). PMID- 6671739 TI - Application of the scanning electron microscopy in ophthalmic research. PMID- 6671738 TI - Glucose estimation in tear fluid in normal eyes and in acute mucopurulent conjunctivitis. PMID- 6671740 TI - Ocular cells as phagocytes--(a brief review). PMID- 6671741 TI - Computerised axial tomography in ophthalmology. PMID- 6671742 TI - Role of ultrasonography in ocular trauma. PMID- 6671743 TI - Disposable drapes used in ocular surgery. PMID- 6671744 TI - Make your own disposable stainless steel blades. PMID- 6671745 TI - An epidemiological study of ocular condition among primary school children of Calcutta Corporation. PMID- 6671746 TI - Study of ocular tissue response to paraffin wax. PMID- 6671747 TI - Ocular changes in infants and children treated for hyperbilirubinaemia with phototherapy in the neonatal period. PMID- 6671748 TI - Effect of oral acetazolamide on human aqueous and serum electrolytes. PMID- 6671749 TI - Determination of the time of death by estimating potassium level in the cadaver vitreous humour. PMID- 6671750 TI - An experimental clinico-histopathological study of toxic effects of aflatoxins on eyes. PMID- 6671751 TI - Effect of therapeutic agents on acute ocular toxicity of methyl alcohol (an experimental study). PMID- 6671752 TI - A clinical study of meridional ridges. PMID- 6671753 TI - Management & analysis of retinal detachment. PMID- 6671754 TI - Plasma viscosity in diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6671755 TI - Retinotoxic effect of zinc, manganese and molybdenum on rabbit retina (an experimental study). PMID- 6671756 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in retinoblastoma. PMID- 6671757 TI - Closed vitrectomy in vitreous haemorrhage-Eales' disease. PMID- 6671758 TI - Role of fluorescein angiography in choroiditis. PMID- 6671759 TI - Cataract in childhood--etiological appraisal. PMID- 6671760 TI - Pars plana lensectomy using ultrasonic fragmentation. PMID- 6671761 TI - Tear glucose in ocular inflammations and its enzymatic lysis as a possible therapeutic adjunct in treatment of ocular infections. PMID- 6671762 TI - Intraocular lens implantation (a report of 20 cases of intraocular lens implantation). PMID- 6671763 TI - A combined approach by spectacle correction, occlusion and active pleoptic treatment in management of amblyopia. PMID- 6671764 TI - Incompatibility of gentamycin and chloramphenicol in vitro and in vivo study. PMID- 6671765 TI - Fluorescein angiography in pseudo-papilledema. PMID- 6671766 TI - Evaluation of cases of enlarged sella. PMID- 6671767 TI - Evaluation of lensectomy in traumatic cataract with perforated & non perforated eye injuries. PMID- 6671768 TI - Paralimbal scleral window--a new surgical approach to incurable corneal blindness. PMID- 6671769 TI - Reduced fibrinolytic activity in aqueous humour in glaucoma. PMID- 6671770 TI - Evaluation of cup disc ratio with other parameters for diagnosis of O.A.G. PMID- 6671771 TI - Role of Friedmann's visual field analyser and ophthalmodynamometry in the early diagnosis of chronic simple glaucoma. PMID- 6671772 TI - Disc changes and field changes in glaucoma (a correlative study). PMID- 6671773 TI - Evaluation of surgery for congenital glaucoma. PMID- 6671774 TI - Peripheral iridectomy in primary angle closure glaucoma. PMID- 6671775 TI - Minimizing filtration surgery failure. PMID- 6671776 TI - Clinical presentation of congenital glaucoma. PMID- 6671777 TI - Trepanotrabeculectomy--a clinical study. PMID- 6671778 TI - Cytodiagnosis of kerato-conjunctival lesions. PMID- 6671779 TI - Recent epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Calcutta. PMID- 6671780 TI - Glucose-estimation in tear fluid--its diagnostic significance--a preliminary study. PMID- 6671781 TI - A clinical evaluation of Scheie's operation with sclerectomy along with lens extraction in lens induced glaucoma. PMID- 6671782 TI - Trabeculectomy combined with pars plana vitrectomy in aphakic glaucoma (a comparative study). PMID- 6671783 TI - Intraocular penetration of carbenicillin gentamicin and chloramphenicol with 'Sauflon 85' soft contact lenses. PMID- 6671784 TI - Phacomorphic glaucoma--management and visual prognosis. PMID- 6671785 TI - Survey of chronic simple glaucoma in the rural population of India (Udaipur) above the age group of 30 years. PMID- 6671786 TI - Tumour and cysts of conjunctiva--a study of 175 cases. PMID- 6671787 TI - New era in the surgical management of (nasal) pterygium. PMID- 6671788 TI - The pathology of cornea (a histopathological study). PMID- 6671789 TI - Management of corneal thinning and perforation. PMID- 6671790 TI - A comparative study of sub-episcleral iridencleisis and trabeculectomy. PMID- 6671792 TI - Topography and clinical correlation of the cornea. PMID- 6671791 TI - Teaching visually disabled. PMID- 6671793 TI - Various factors in etiopathogenesis of galloping corneal ulcer and their response to therapy. PMID- 6671794 TI - Sub scleral posterior sclerectomy in secondary glaucoma following perforated corneal ulcer. PMID- 6671795 TI - Ocular manifestations of Kyasanur forest disease (a clinical study). PMID- 6671796 TI - Therapy of anaerobic infections. AB - Anaerobic bacteria commonly cause soft tissue infections in humans, usually as a result of trauma. Although the susceptibility of some species to antibiotics can be predicted reasonably well, many clinical laboratories can do susceptibility tests more easily than they can correctly identify anaerobes. The broth-disk test is the simplest test for clinical laboratories, and a new standardized MIC method is now available for research laboratories. Several types of experimental anaerobic infections can be initiated in animals, and these infections have been used to test the efficacy of therapeutic regimens. Metronidazole was the most effective, and clindamycin was also very active. Elimination of the anaerobic component of abscesses may be sufficient therapy; it may be possible to ignore the facultative organisms. PMID- 6671797 TI - Infections caused by staphylococci. AB - Staphylococci are not highly virulent bacteria. They require a predisposing factor in the host to initiate an infectious process. Primary infections are rare. Typical staphylococcal infections develop on the basis of a locus minoris resistentiae with the subsequent participation of multiple cellular and extracellular staphylococcal factors. A hypothetical view of the development of staphylococcal infection is briefly presented. PMID- 6671798 TI - Colonization pattern of the digestive tract by potentially pathogenic microorganisms: colonization-controlling mechanisms and consequences for antibiotic treatment. AB - An outline is given of the various host-related and flora-related parts of the colonization resistance of the digestive tract. The host-related part of the colonization resistance has been found to be somewhat decreased by sublethal irradiation and leukemia (or chemotherapy), while treatment with antibiotics active against gram-positive flora may severely decrease the colonization resistance (depending on the antibiotic concentration established within the digestive tract during antibiotic therapy). The flora-related part of the colonization resistance, which controls colonization by potentially pathogenic microorganisms, differs greatly from one individual to the next. This observation appears to be important for the host-related part of the colonization resistance. Finally, it is concluded that in the clinical situation preference should be given to antibiotics which do not affect the part of the flora constituting colonization resistance for two reasons: 1) to limit the spread of (multi-) resistant potentially pathogenic microorganisms and 2) for infection prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients. In the latter situation, the potentially pathogenic microorganisms in the flora are selectively eliminated from the digestive tract, provided the antimicrobial drugs used for selective decontamination are active against the endogenous potentially pathogenic microorganisms and given in sufficient (oral) doses. PMID- 6671799 TI - Therapy with antibiotics in leukemic patients. AB - The recovery of an adequate granulocyte count after chemotherapy is the most important prognostic factor in neutropenic patients. In granulocytopenic patients, the risk of infection is very high and its course usually severe. Empiric antibiotic treatment must be started as soon as fever rises and blood cultures have been taken. The combination of an anti-pseudomonas penicillin with an aminoglycoside is presently the standard empiric therapy for febrile granulocytopenic patients. If the clinical response is inadequate, antimicrobial therapy should be adjusted to a bactericidal activity of greater than 1:16 in the serum. If antibiotic therapy fails, a fungal infection should be considered and amphotericin B added empirically. Patients must be closely supervised for superinfections. Therapeutic transfusions of granulocytes have proven useful in severe granulocytopenia and when antibiotic therapy has failed. PMID- 6671800 TI - Social skill and aging: principles and problems. AB - Over the last two decades it has become increasingly recognized that concepts of skill, formulated originally for sensory-motor tasks such as industrial operations, can be applied to interaction between people. The need for social skills in the interactions between old people, their contemporaries, and younger people with whom they have contact, are explored, and suggestions are made for training social skills in order to improve human relations with and between the elderly. It is also argued that present ideas, favoring opportunities for older people to live in communities with those of like mind, can lessen the need for social skills by reducing the social demands of institutional living. PMID- 6671801 TI - Age, skill, and management. AB - Although laboratory-based studies would suggest that most human attributes decay with age, almost all organizations and communities appoint individuals aged about fifty-five years as their policy-makers and leaders. Some human attributes which may improve with age are described from a series of skills analyses of managers. The older manager is more acceptable because he or she is less personally competitive, more capable of taking a global view concentrating on essentials, more veridical, more tolerant, more directional, and more aware of his or her own assets, limitations, and biases. PMID- 6671802 TI - Attitudes and behavior of elderly pedestrians. AB - Considering the increased traffic incident rate of pedestrians above sixty-five years of age, a study of attitudes and behavior patterns of older pedestrians in large towns was carried out by the Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, from 1973 to 1975. Interviews, group sessions, and additional thematic apperception tests were performed, as well as traffic observation and an analysis of behavior which was followed by accident events. Results showed many indications of especially dangerous traffic situations and especially risky behavior tendencies in older people. Recommendations can be derived for improving traffic communication dynamics and for influencing the traffic behavior of older pedestrians. PMID- 6671803 TI - The assessment of social skills deficits in the elderly. AB - This paper tested the hypothesis that a sample of elderly people compared to a matched sample of younger people reports an increase in difficulty and social anxiety in dealing with a wide range of everyday social situations. The literature on assertiveness and social skills training with the elderly was first reviewed. Then an assertiveness and social difficulty scale was administered to a group of eighty participants divided by age and sex. It was found that older people experienced less discomfort in situations requiring assertiveness, yet were less likely to respond assertively. Older people reported higher incidence of social anxiety across forty everyday situations. In general females reported more difficulty than males, though there were no interaction effects. The results are discussed in terms of the assessment and training of social skills in the elderly. PMID- 6671804 TI - The variety of social skills: remarks by the discussant. AB - Drawing analogies between social and perceptual motor skills can obscure the very different aims of participants in different social situations. Dissimilar social encounters often demand dissimilar abilities. Appropriate behavior in one case may be completely inappropriate in another. Insofar as there is a recognizable general social skill, everyday observation suggests that this usually improves during the adult years and does not deteriorate in later life unless sensory loss is severe or mental illness strikes. The special demands of institutional living might be alleviated through the efforts of sensitive care-givers, but professionals should be wary of accentuating minor problems. The vast majority of elderly people cope adequately with their social relationships without special courses. PMID- 6671805 TI - Issues of institutionalization: five percent fallacies and terminal care. AB - Place-of-death data are analyzed for King County, Washington (1971) and Whatcom County, Washington (1971, 1975, 1978), allowing comparisons with previous studies on "the five percent fallacy." The King County findings agree with past research on a major metropolitan area. For large urban areas, sex is found to be a significant correlate of place of death for whites (but not nonwhites), and race is found significant for females (but not males). Whatcom County data differ from earlier findings on a smaller geographic area. Changes in place-of-death distributions over time for Whatcom County are noted. Explanations are proferred for differences between the current data and past research, and for changes observed over time in one location. The implications of the findings for nursing homes and other extended care facilities, hospitals, health and old-age agencies, and the elderly themselves are discussed. PMID- 6671806 TI - A note on methodological fallacies in the "X% fallacy" literature. AB - This article demonstrates that the numerical estimate of an approximately 25 percent risk of nursing home institutionalization reported in the "4-5% fallacy" literature is based on an invalid set of implicit assumptions. Using the most recent national level statistics on nursing home residency and discharge, a measurement technique is introduced to provide an estimate of the maximum and minimum number of nursing home residents in 1976, and a corresponding range for the annualized risk of institutionalization between 6 and 9 percent, within which the true risk must lie. PMID- 6671807 TI - Social skill, psychological disorder, and aging. AB - There have been several therapeutic advances based on the application of Social Skills approaches to psychological disorders. However, only a few studies report work specifically with elderly clients. It is suggested that a simple extension of social skill and assertion training programs to elderly clients is, in most cases, not appropriate. Instead the theoretical model should be reapplied and the relevant problems identified. In contrast to younger groups, difficulties in social relations between elderly people and their caregivers seem likely to be the most potentially fruitful area. PMID- 6671808 TI - The 4% fallacy: R.I.P. AB - It is perhaps time for the 4% fallacy to rest in peace. Those who are alert to logical and methodological issues have probably registered the message clearly enough in the years since the first article appeared [1] and those who prefer fallacy have by now well demonstrated their invincibility. The diligent labors of McConnel [2, this issue], however, invite a brief and final response. PMID- 6671809 TI - Learning needs and efforts of the black elderly. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-perceived educational needs and activities of adults age sixty-five and older from varying backgrounds, with attention given to comparing black elderly (N = 51) with white elderly (N = 59) respondents. Sex, SES, and educational level differences also were investigated. Interviews were conducted using Tough's learning project procedure, Hiemstra's instrumental and expressive education instrument, and a general educational needs checklist developed by the investigator. Findings revealed significant race, sex, SES, and educational level differences in general educational needs. Significant race, SES and educational level differences were found in both learning projects and instrumental and expressive education. The number of significant race differences suggests that the cultural orientation of older blacks may have an affect on their interest and participation in educational endeavors. PMID- 6671810 TI - The situational relationship between age and the fear of crime. AB - It is commonly accepted that there is a positive relationship between age and the fear of crime, although there is some indication that this may not hold under all conditions. Most studies concerning fear of crime have been based upon questions involving fear of walking alone within one's neighborhood. This study examined fear of crime both in the relative danger of walking in the neighborhood and in the safety of one's home. Age was found to be positively associated with fear of crime in the former situation, but slightly negatively associated in the latter. It was suggested that the aged may only be more fearful of crime in particularly dangerous situations, and that there is a need for fear of crime measures with greater content validity. PMID- 6671812 TI - Mental health problems and aging: a short quiz. AB - The mental health needs of older adults remain largely unmet. This gap is due, in part, to a lack of adequately trained professionals and paraprofessionals. The sixteen-item quiz presented in this article has two purposes: 1) to present an overview of salient empirical and theoretical issues in the area of mental health and aging, and 2) to promote discussion of these topics. Each item is documented with supporting literature. In addition, average scores, item difficulties, and item-to-total correlations are presented for two groups of undergraduate students. PMID- 6671811 TI - Forgetting and use of memory aids in 20 to 70 year olds everyday life. AB - In order to examine age differences in everyday memory experiences, twelve younger (mean age = 28) and twelve older (mean age = 59) adults kept diaries of their experiences of memory failures and use of memory aids. There was a general increase with age in the absolute number of memory failures, upset ratings about memory failures, and frequency of memory aid use. There were no age differences in the relative frequency of particular types of memory failures or memory aids that were used. The results suggested that older adults experience more memory failures and are more concerned about memory failures than younger adults, but that they attempt to deal with this problem by increased use of memory aids. PMID- 6671813 TI - A comparison of sex role and related personality traits in young, middle-aged, and older women. AB - Self-descriptions on sex role characteristics and related personality traits including achievement and affiliation were compared in four age groups of women: eighteen to twenty-two, twenty-nine to thirty-nine, forty to fifty-five, and sixty to seventy-five year-olds. In general, the two younger groups emerged as least like the traditional feminine sex role stereotype. In comparison to the older women, they were more willing to ascribe masculine sex role characteristics to themselves and rated themselves as less responsible, self-controlled, and affiliative. Conversely, the women over sixty and homemakers in their forties and fifties adhered most strongly to the conventional feminine traits. These differences are explained in terms of the recent changes in societal attitudes toward sex roles. There is also some evidence that significant life roles are related to self-descriptions on these personality dimensions. PMID- 6671814 TI - Knowledge and use of services by the elderly: a critical review of the literature. AB - This article critically reviews the existing literature on the perceptions, knowledge, and use of services by the elderly. Definitive statements concerning these topics are difficult to make because of the contradictory research findings and inadequacies of existing studies. However, the following observations are supported by this review: many elderly do not hold positive attitudes towards services, a bare majority appear aware of services, utilization rates are extremely low, and the correlates of service use are not well understood. In addition, this article identifies a number of weaknesses with the existing research and discusses the following specific recommendations for improvement: conceptualization and operationalization of knowledge and use as continuums, not as discrete phenomena, examination of the processes by which individuals come to know of and use services, and consideration of the roles played by informal networks as facilitators or deterrents to knowledge and use of services. PMID- 6671815 TI - How important is marital fairness over the lifespan? AB - Do marital relationships become more equitable over time? Is a sense of fairness or equity in marriage equally important at different points across the lifespan? To answer these and related equity/intimacy questions, a sample of middle-aged and older married women was asked to describe the level of equity in their marriages at eight points across their lifespan and their feelings about the equity/inequity at each point. The aggregated results suggested women begin a marriage with a sense of overbenefit, move into a period of underbenefit during their middle years, and finally feel fairly treated in late middle age. The disaggregated data revealed three distinct patterns of equity/inequity over the lifespan. Women's reactions to the level of equity at each stage followed the predicted curvilinear pattern. PMID- 6671816 TI - Yoga as a preventive health care program for white and black elders: an exploratory study. AB - A ten-week yoga program was implemented with sixty-one white and forty-five low income black elders at two community sites, along with a pretest-posttest control group research design with random assignment at each site. White elders attended class regularly, practiced yoga on their own on a daily basis, improved psychological well-being, and lowered their systolic blood pressure level, in comparison to a control group. Black elders, on the other hand, attended the once a-week class regularly but did not practice on their own on a daily basis. Thus, they did not improve psychological well-being nor reduce blood pressure level in comparison to a control group. Social analysts suggest that low-income minority elders need more frequent contact with structured leadership in order to adhere to a daily routine that may lead to psychological and physical change. Other directions for controlled follow-up studies are suggested. PMID- 6671817 TI - The aged in Hispanic groups: a review. AB - This study presents an inventory of social science published reports about the elderly in Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban subnationalities in the United States. A review of this literature indicates that Cuban and Puerto Rican elderly have been disregarded by gerontologists interested in the study of ethnic groups. Available information on service availability and utilization and extended family support, as well as methodological and theoretical problems in this area of investigation, are assessed. The study concludes with a call for greater attention to matters of ethnic population density and ecology for understanding the life experiences of the ethnic elderly. PMID- 6671818 TI - Racial differences in social integration and life satisfaction among aged public housing residents. AB - The effects of social activity, social resources, health, and functional status on the life satisfaction of black and white aged were examined, based on interviews with 330 residents of age-integrated and age-segregated public housing estates in Cleveland, Ohio. The results of multivariate analysis call into question previous conclusions that age-segregation is conducive to greater life satisfaction. However, the findings do lend support to previous research indicating that social integration has a greater degree of importance in determining the life satisfaction of black than of white aged. PMID- 6671819 TI - Belief discrepancy reasoning in the elderly. AB - The development of belief discrepancy reasoning, or how people evaluate disagreeing others, was examined with forty-four college and elderly respondents. Dogmatism and IQ measures were also administered. The results showed that the elderly were significantly lower in belief discrepancy reasoning and higher in dogmatism than the college sample, despite statistically greater IQ for the former sample and controls for education. For belief discrepancy, the elderly sample did not evidence intolerance, but rather relativism and open-mindedness toward disagreeing others. Implications for the construct validation of belief discrepancy and senescent intolerance are discussed. PMID- 6671820 TI - The vulnerability of elderly consumers. AB - Research interest in the vulnerability of the elderly to consumer fraud has increased in recent years. Consumer surveys and studies of complaint data permit the examination of hypothesized indicators of vulnerability for samples of older and younger consumers. A review of the research shows that patterns of consumption, situational characteristics, education and product knowledge, awareness of deception, psychological losses, social isolation, and psychosocial transitions influence the elderly's vulnerability and ability to cope with consumer abuse. Higher educational attainment and a greater skepticism toward business practices should improve the coping ability of future cohorts of elderly, yet the potential for fraud will remain for many transactions vitally important to their well-being. Implications of the research findings for intervention strategies are presented. PMID- 6671821 TI - Grandma as revolutionary: elderly women and some modern patterns of social change. AB - Despite the disadvantages they face, women in western nations have coped very successfully with the problems of aging during the past century and, with limited material resources, have responded positively to great social and personal changes. Although women make up the majority of the elderly population, these achievements have received little attention. As we face the continued aging of the population and its attendant massive social changes in a setting of increasingly scarce resources, it is essential that all aspects of female aging be studied more closely. They may well provide us with the insights necessary to clarify our vision of the past and future and provide us with appropriate models for survival in a less-than-ideal world. PMID- 6671822 TI - An evaluation of two visiting programs for elderly community residents. AB - While many researchers have asserted that social participation enhances psychological well-being among the elderly, few empirical investigations have studied this relationship by systematically enhancing activities and developing supports for the isolated elderly. In the present study, elderly community residents participated in a network-building visiting program, which reinforced and encouraged involvement in community settings; in a relationship-oriented visiting program, which emphasized empathy and concern; or in a nonequivalent control group. All three groups were administered pre- and postpoint scales on life satisfaction, health, depression, I-E, current and desired social networks, telephone calls, and visitors. Weekly activities and biweekly quality-of-life ratings were collected on the two experimental groups. At the program's end, the network-building group exhibited directionally higher means on most variables; however, few significant differences were found. Prepoint correlates of current and desired networks emerged as central factors affecting the psychological well being of participants in this study. PMID- 6671824 TI - Between worlds: a relocation dilemma for the Appalachian elderly. AB - An historically based spatial separation of old people from their children has generated a critical relocation dilemma for the present generation of Appalachian elderly--reconciling the physical, social, and emotional support of a familiar environment with the desire to be close to family. This article, based on a four year participant observation study of a panel of elderly persons in a rural northern Appalachian community, explores the tension between factors that reinforce inertia and those that encourage relocation to the homes of children living outside Appalachian. The article traces and illustrates a normative trajectory involving several phases--departure of children, accommodation, seasonal migration, crisis, relocation, holding on, and severance--that characterize the decision process whereby, over a period of years, the dilemma is gradually resolved. PMID- 6671823 TI - Temporal and status dimensions of life cycles. AB - An alternative approach to the life cycle is developed which avoids the creation of monolithic age categories and exclusive reliance upon the unidimensional index of chronological age. An age status graph is constructed by intersecting age with a status dimension. Using a card sort technique, age norms of status transition for family and work are ascertained. These data exemplify the potential utility of age status graphing in understanding the life cycle. The methodological strengths of operationalizing variables, explicitness of criteria, and conceptual flexibility are discussed. PMID- 6671825 TI - Life stage and motives for television use. AB - Do motives for using TV vary by viewer's age? Mass communication literature suggests that TV plays an important role in the life of younger and older persons in American society, but has not investigated how motives for viewing vary by age of the viewer or what needs are satisfied by viewing. A systematic random sample of telephone households in the Carbondale, DeSoto, and Murphysboro area of Southern Illinois provided 140 interviews with adults aged eighteen to eighty seven. Life stage was related to five motives for using TV (to learn things, to forget, to overcome loneliness, to pass time when bored, and to find something to talk about). All but the forget/bored motive were positively correlated with age. PMID- 6671826 TI - Drug and alcohol abuse among the elderly: is being alone the key? AB - Despite the rising incidence of drug and alcohol abuse among the elderly, information concerning the social and psychological factors fostering such abuse is scanty and potentially biased toward the limited number of older abusers who obtain professional help. Using a brief interview with carefully selected samples, the present study compares characteristics of social background and social support among 21 older clients (age 55 and over) of drug treatment facilities, 30 older abusers not in treatment, and 155 elderly nonabusers. Analyses suggest that age and gender affect the likelihood of receiving treatment for substance abuse more than the likelihood of being an abuser. Controlling for age and gender effects, substance abuse appeared more prevalent among single and divorced elderly and among respondents who lived alone; presence or absence of living companions was more influential than relationships with nearby social supports. Implications for health and social service programs as well as for further research are discussed. PMID- 6671827 TI - Group processes in helping groups: toward a developmental perspective. AB - Ten interaction dimensions of group behavior and three emotional atmosphere categories were coded and analyzed on the basis of interactions among old and young participants in experimental "support-discussion" groups. The seven groups of elderly and five groups of young differed significantly with respect to frequencies of Boundary, Self-disclosure, and Support behaviors. In addition, the young were rated as showing signs of boredom more frequently. The implications of these results for development and age-linked assumptions about helping group interactions and interventions were explored. The results suggest that this approach is promising in generating knowledge that could facilitate age appropriate group intervention strategies. PMID- 6671828 TI - Implications of cognitive change for gerontological pedagogical practice. AB - The focus of this paper is the problem of designing educational systems for the aged so as to maximize their potential for success. Relevant geropsychological literature is briefly summarized. It is proposed that complex changes in working memory occur with advanced age; and that by understanding the nature of these changes, educational materials can be designed which properly bring to the fore concepts, refresh memory, and guide the comprehension process. In this way, the aged are more likely to maintain their performance and to acquire new skills, to the benefit of society. PMID- 6671829 TI - Health care needs of the rural elderly. AB - Statistics from the National Center for Health Statistics show that rural elders have greater health needs than urban elders, but receive less care. The barriers to adequate health care among rural elders include ignorance and denial, a tendency to use lay rather than professional treatment, financial and transportation difficulties, and the resistance of medical personnel to adequate care. Professionals can be more effective if they are aware of these special problems. PMID- 6671830 TI - The effects of severity of hearing impairment and locus of control on the denial of hearing impairment in the aged. AB - This is a pilot study exploring the effects of locus of control and severity of hearing impairment on the amount of denial manifested by older people with hearing losses. Forty-one participants from a geriatric clinic were given questionnaires to determine their locus of control on a I-E scale. In addition, they were given a questionnaire that measured self-reported hearing losses. A pure tone audiometric test was given each participant in order to ascertain actual hearing thresholds. This study predicted that the less severe the impairment, the greater the denial that would be manifested. Also, it was predicted that the greater the degree of internal control of a respondent, the greater the denial that would be manifested. Neither hypothesis was fully supported, but increasing results were obtained concerning the denial that the participants exhibited, warranting further investigation. PMID- 6671831 TI - Construction and validation of an ego integrity status interview. AB - Erikson's theory regarding the existence of an Ego Integrity versus Despair crisis in old age was tested using an interview derived from Whitbourne and Weinstock's application of Marcia's status construct to the ego integrity crisis. Four integrity statuses were defined: integrity achieving, dissonant (in crisis), foreclosed (avoiding crisis), and despairing. These statuses were reliably (80%) identified among forty elderly community-dwelling men and women through the forty five-minute semistructured interview. Moreover, predicted differences among the four statuses were observed on questionnaire measures assessing reminiscing activity, death attitudes and preparation, psychological well-being, and questionnaire scales of Stages 6 through 8 of Erikson's theory. The pattern of differences suggested that integrity achieving and foreclosed samples differed mainly regarding their degree of introspection regarding the past, but that both appeared to have a high degree of psychological well-being. Dissonant individuals appeared to be unhappy and stressed, but this was seen as a temporary state in contrast to the more chronic nature of the despairing's low sense of psychological well-being. The validity of the integrity status construct and the interview designed to measure it have, therefore, been supported, and provide the basis for suggested refinements within Erikson's description of the Ego Integrity versus Despair stage. PMID- 6671832 TI - Responses to moral dilemmas involving self versus others. AB - Forty older adults were administered the standard version (i.e. Other orientation) of Rest et al.'s Defining Issues Test (DIT) and a modified version (i.e., Self-orientation) of the same instrument on two separate occasions. Contrary to the results of previous studies with children and young adults, the self/other manipulation in the present study failed to influence significantly older adults' moral judgments. The role of cognitive/perspective-taking and personal/affective factors in the moral reasoning abilities of the elderly, as well as those of children and young adults, are discussed. PMID- 6671833 TI - Passages: fact or fiction? AB - Four large surveys were examined to establish the existence of "passages" through the use of objective methods. Such passages are the boundaries between age groups formed on the basis of minimum within-group variation and maximum between-group variation. Results from all four data sets indicated that such age groups and their associated passages can be identified. These passages were stable across two surveys taken in the same population at about the same time, even though the surveys measured divergent attitude dimensions. The passages appear to progress with time: two surveys taken seven years apart demonstrated a seven-year shift in passages. However, the passages are not stable across cultures: two surveys taken at about the same time in Canada and the United States showed no similarity of passages. It would appear that developmental schemes as presently espoused by psychologists are inadequate to explain these results, and that the "generational event" theory provides a better model for explanation. PMID- 6671834 TI - Who volunteers for adult development research?: research findings and practical steps to reach low volunteering groups. AB - The present study is an attempt to determine volunteering bias in racial, gender, and age groups in an adult development study. Samples were drawn from three different types of organizations in the Columbia, South Carolina SMSA. Volunteering rates were calculated as a function of the number eligible to participate in three age groups: young adult (aged 20-25); 2) middle adult (aged 40-45); and 3) old (aged 60-80). The middle group volunteered at a higher rate than the other two age groups, but this effect was restricted to the white sample. Women volunteered more readily than men, but not among the elderly. Whites volunteered more readily than blacks. In order to overcome these volunteering biases, special recruitment procedures were employed in order to obtain a sample which adequately represents the populations in question. PMID- 6671835 TI - Cognitive correlates of hemispheric performance on dichotic tasks. AB - Older (age 50+) adults were tested twice on three measures of dichotic memory and once on three measures of cognition. Internal consistencies of all three measures generally were adequate. However, test-retest reliabilities, by ear of presentation, were comparatively low for the three dichotic measures. A measure of vocabulary (a left hemisphere dominant cognitive ability) was related to performance on most dichotic tasks. Years of education (an index of left hemisphere mediated crystallized intelligence) was related to performance on left but not right hemisphere function on two of three dichotic tasks. Performance on tests of spatial ability was related to performance on left ear/right hemisphere but not right ear/left hemisphere function on two of three dichotic memory tasks. Individual differences in accuracy of recall and recognition of stimuli presented via dichotic tasks to the right ear/left hemisphere and the left ear/right hemisphere appear to have different cognitive correlates. Right hemisphere performance on dichotic tasks generally shows a significant negative association with age, as did performance on right hemisphere dominant cognitive tasks. On the other hand, most measures of left hemisphere performance showed no decline associated with age. PMID- 6671836 TI - Person-perception in adulthood: a categories analysis. AB - Adult age differences in person-perception were examined using a coding scheme developed by Peevers and Secord [1]. Forty individuals from three age groups, mean ages 35.3, 48.8, and 63.1 years, described three people that they knew, one from each of three age groups, thirties, late forties or early fifties, and sixties. Each statement was scored using a four-category system: undifferentiated, simple differentiating, differentiating, and dispositional. A pattern of stability in the degree of differentiation of descriptions emerged, although the older adults did provide more differentiating information than the other two age groups. For females, there were age differences in the proportions of the four categories. The older women used a lower proportion of dispositional statements, and a higher proportion of statements concerning appearance and social roles, than the younger women. The results are discussed in terms of the differences in socialization that might account for the observed pattern of results. PMID- 6671837 TI - The Modified Purpose in Life Scale: a Cross-National Validity Study. AB - Although the original 20-item Purpose in Life Test (PIL) has been subjected to various reliability and validity tests, its use has been limited largely to American culture. In this paper ten items were selected from the original scale, and both directionality and response categories were modified. This Ten-Item Modified Purpose in Life Test was then validated through item analysis by using two cross-national samples of elderly people. One sample consisted of 177 retirees from the school system in Payne County, Oklahoma, and the other consisted of 202 retired teachers in Taipei, Taiwan. It was concluded from this study that the Ten-Item Modified Purpose in Life Scale can be reduced to the Seven-Item Modified Purpose in Life Scale as an alternative measure for comparing the psychological well-being of the elderly cross-nationally. PMID- 6671838 TI - Male dentists at midlife: an exploration of the one life/one career imperative. AB - A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of male dentists (ages 35-50) in a single midwestern state. All dentists surveyed held similar views on the role that their careers played in shaping their identity, and 84 percent agreed with an hypothesis which suggests that most Americans believe they have the opportunity to pursue but one career during their lifetimes and that professionals, in particular, are likely to feel "trapped" in their careers as they age. A "crisis index" sought to isolate men undergoing the so-called midlife crisis, and both high and low crisis groups were identified. High-crisis dentists were markedly more concerned about health problems than were low-crisis dentists. High-crisis dentists were less satisfied with their careers, were far more likely to feel "trapped" in their positions, and experienced a greater entanglement of their domestic and professional lives. PMID- 6671840 TI - Predicting alcoholism manpower needs. AB - In response to the needs both to develop new, nonduplicative alcoholism services and to contain cost, and in order to plan for the labor-intensive alcoholism treatment system, planning techniques are needed to assist in the rational planning for and allocation of manpower. Using data from the 1980 National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Utilization Survey, it is possible to analyze the staffing patterns of various modalities of alcoholism treatment. Two regression equations were developed to identify key variables for predicting manpower needs in various facilities. Budget, service type, and treatment capacity were statistically significant predictions of direct-care FTE staff in inpatient/residential units. The best predictive ability for direct-care FTE staff in detoxification and longer-term residential facilities was obtained with a general regression model which was based on all types of services (e.g., detoxification, longer-term residential, and outpatient). For outpatient settings, however, direct-care FTE staff was best predicted by considering budgets and treatment capacities within outpatient settings only. Based on this study, a planner can predict, with reasonable confidence, FTE direct-care staff by varying the values of the independent variables in the regression equation to reflect the various characteristics of the services being planned. PMID- 6671839 TI - Sensation seeking and drug choice. AB - Sensation Seeking Scale scores were obtained from two groups of drug program clients: polydrug users and opiate and depressant drug users. The major findings were that polydrug users scored higher in sensation seeking than depressant users, and that this effect was independent of demographic differences between groups. These results suggest that the sensation-seeking motive may be a significant factor for polydrug, but not depressant, abuse patterns. PMID- 6671841 TI - Abuse of pentazocine combined with tripelennamine: an interaction of pharmacological and demographic characteristics. AB - Abuse of pentazocine (Talwin) and tripelennamine (Pyrabenzamine) (P and T) was studied in a group (N = 16) of inpatients. They were queried about subjective effects and their drug preferences. P and T use was associated with more anxiety than was the opiate or drug-free state. P and T use did not produce euphoria, and users preferred this drug next to last among other abused drugs. P and T use was further studied in outpatients (N = 628) using Client Oriented Data Acquisition Process information. These patients were younger and more often male, Black, and single or separated when compared with opiate users. They began using the drug later and had many fewer years invested in its use. PMID- 6671842 TI - Predicting alcoholism service needs from a National Treatment Utilization Survey. AB - Even when the prevalence of alcohol abuse and alcoholism allows for resource allocation based on differential problem size, further planning methods are necessary in order to determine what specific types of services should be developed to meet the estimated need. Using population-based variables (e.g., total population, White and minority populations) and easily obtainable alcohol indicator variables (consumption, revenue, alcohol-related deaths and arrests), regression models were developed to predict state bed capacity data, obtained from the 1980 National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Utilization Survey (NDATUS). Prediction models are presented for detoxification, quarterway and halfway house, other residential, hospital, and outpatient. Several variables, particularly total population, deaths, and arrests, are predictive of alcoholism service levels by state, as reflected on NDATUS. Based on this study, estimates of specific service needs within a geographic area can be made by varying the values of the independent variables in the models to reflect the characteristics of the area. PMID- 6671843 TI - Retention in drug-free counseling. AB - The 20 background characteristics and SCL-90-R Global Severity Index scores of 110 patients seeking outpatient drug-free counseling were correlated with (1) their lengths of stay in treatment and (2) whether or not they completed treatment. Length of stay was related to race, occupational level, presence of felony arrests, type of referral, secondary drug use of stimulants, and the SCL 90-R Global Severity Index. Completion of treatment was associated with just race; Whites dropped out of treatment more frequently than Blacks. When a multiple stepwise regression analysis was employed with the six significant zero order psychosocial characteristics for length of stay, only race, secondary stimulant use, and overall symptom distress (SCL-90-R) remained related to length of treatment. Length of stay was positively associated with being Black and secondary drug use of stimulants, but negatively associated with overall symptom distress. The clinical implications for retaining patients in outpatient drug free counseling are discussed. PMID- 6671844 TI - Return for service analysis over 4 years for 100 alcoholics. AB - This project attempted to predict return for aftercare-type services following discharge from an intermediate care facility for 100 alcoholics. The predictive set included 28 scales from a psychological questionnaire, factor analyzed into 10 second-order dimensions. The degree of autocorrelation of treatment statuses (present vs absent) over a 4-year follow-up period preceded the attempt to generate a predictive equation. Results are discussed with regard to program management, alcoholic personality studies, service models, and cost of care. PMID- 6671845 TI - Evaluating alcoholism treatment programs: considerations and caveats. AB - There are many pitfalls in the design and implementation of treatment evaluations which can be avoided by careful scrutiny of previous efforts. To this end, the author reviews several key methodological and conceptual issues which affect evaluations of treatment outcome. The issue of sampling is discussed with primary attention given to biases resulting from common sampling errors. The measurement of treatment outcome is explored, underscoring the limitations and benefits of employing drinking behavior indices. Suggestions are made to improve follow-up response rates, and a strategy for analyzing follow-up losses is outlined. Finally, a number of frequently overlooked variables which may relate to treatment outcome are reviewed. PMID- 6671846 TI - Drug education: a primer. AB - A review of the increasing literature describing various drug education efforts and programs suggests that few of the critical issues presented in this article have been considered in program planning and implementation. Second, research has demonstrated that although drug education programs can increase drug knowledge relatively easily, it is more difficult to modify attitudes; that is, changes in knowledge are not paralleled by changes in attitudes. Third, many, if not most, programs have been found to have no effect upon drug use. A number of programs have reported reduced drug use, while a few others have reported increased drug use. Fourth, there is no evidence that greater knowledge about drugs per se stimulates their use. The fact that drug users know more about drugs than nonusers doesn't mean that knowledge leads to use. It has been suggested (Stuart, 1974) that drug education might stimulate use by (1) providing students with facts that overcome beliefs which inhibit use, (2) changing attitudes that prevent use, (3) encouraging students to think of themselves as potential users by virtue of having been included in drug education programs, and (4) providing specific information which serves to facilitate the use of drugs. One should, of course, consider the obvious possibility that greater knowledge results from use rather than vice versa. Fifth, there appears to be little predictable relationship between values communicated by drug education programs, values held by recipients, value changes and drug use, or abstinence. The same can be said about behavioral styles. When one goes beyond the limitations of drug/drug user stereotypes--to include people and the almost unlimited types and number of available chemical substances which we must learn to adapt to and cope with--one is confronted by the reality that drug education, as currently designed and practiced, may be irrelevant to individual and group needs. Sixth, drug education appears to have little or no effect upon the increased availability of increasing numbers and types of powerful active chemical substance for more and more segments of the population. Drug education is at best a parallel phenomenon to chemical coping, which necessitates drug availability as well as the process of social pharmacology. Seventh, to date drug education has had no predictable effect upon either the mystification or demystification of drugs, drug use, drug users, or abstinence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6671847 TI - Drug-seeking behavior and its mediation: effects of aversion therapy with narcotic addicts on methadone. AB - The effectiveness of aversion therapy was tested in the modification of drug seeking behavior in addicts maintained on methadone. Covert imagery was paired with electric shock, and treatment sessions were randomized sequences of classical and avoidance learning trials. A significant decrease in positive ratings of drug stimuli was found immediately after treatment. However, there was no significant difference found between mean percent drug urines for experimental and control groups immediately after treatment, and at 3 and 6 months posttreatment for experiment volunteers and for eligible nonvolunteers, suggesting that motivational and expectancy variables may have interacted systematically with treatment. Implications for further research are discussed. PMID- 6671848 TI - A comparison of parental and adolescent MMPIs as related to substance use. AB - Three groups of adolescent psychiatrically hospitalized substance users (minimal, moderate, and heavy) and their parents were compared on the nine standard MMPI scales and the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale. The results indicated that the adolescent minimal users were more disturbed than the other two user groups. No relationship was found between adolescent and parent substance use. The major finding was that for the adolescent there was a significant relationship between the MacAndrew Scale and the extent of his substance use. PMID- 6671849 TI - Effects of opiate withdrawal on MMPI profile scores. AB - A sample of 200 opiate addicts were given the MMPI either during or after detoxification. Results showed decreases in K and in scores on the MacAndrews Alcoholism Scale; and increases in Hypocondriasis and Hypomania, and on the Wiggins Content Scales of Authority Conflicts, Psychoticism, Poor Health, and Hypomania during detoxification. When adjusted for age effects, Ss still showed significant elevations on Hypocondriasis, Hypomania, and Poor Health. Results are discussed in terms of documenting the specific effects of detox on MMPI profiles and may be construed as a construct validation report on the MMPI itself. PMID- 6671850 TI - Computed axial tomography and Disulphine Blue in the evaluation of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. AB - Precise evaluation of bone loss and bone viability is necessary in order to select the most appropriate operation for patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Bone destruction, and its exact location, can be assessed by computed axial tomography. The viability of remaining bone can be observed at operation by systemic vital staining with Disulphine Blue. PMID- 6671851 TI - [Indications for arthrodesis of the hip in the adult]. AB - The indications for and results of operations for arthrodesis of the hip undertaken between 1975 and 1980 have been compared with a similar series published from the same department in 1964. The development and reliability of total replacement of the hip has reduced the need for arthrodesis of the joint, with its attendant problems of long term overload of the back and knee. However arthrodesis is still a valuable salvage procedure after immobilisation of the muscles which move the joint, often as a result of multiple operations, or in the presence of troublesome infection. PMID- 6671852 TI - Flexion contractures of the knee following poliomyelitis. AB - Contractures of the knee after poliomyelitis are common in children in developing countries and treatment, particularly that of severe contractures, presents a surgical challenge. This paper describes a new method for correcting contractures of the knee. Mild contractures need manipulation only and a plaster cast. Moderate contractures are treated by a partial soft-tissue release of the hamstrings and fascia lata followed by gradual stretching of the remaining soft tissues by manipulation and plaster. Where the contracture is severe, skeletal traction is used through Steinmans pins inserted into the tibia and os calcis. One hundred and thirty-six knees with varying degrees of contracture were treated by these methods. Full correction was achieved and then maintained by plaster immobilisation, physiotherapy and calipers. This prevented recurrence during an average follow-up period of two and a half years. The severity of the contracture of the knee was in direct proportion to the severity of associated flexion abduction contractures at the hip and equinus deformity at the ankle, the degree of muscle imbalance. All of the contractures of the hip and some of the ankle (46.8%) needed simultaneous operative correction. The basic method is technically simple, requires no special equipment and the results recommend its use particularly in developing countries. PMID- 6671853 TI - Vascular response in fractured limbs with and without immobilisation: an experimental study on rabbits. AB - An experimental study was carried out on 24 rabbits in whom a fracture of the tibia was treated without plaster (group 1) and 24 rabbits in whom a plaster was applied to immobilise the fracture (group 2). The rabbits from each group were killed at varying intervals and the limbs were perfused with chromopaque so that the vascularity could be assessed by radiographs. After fracture the vascular response in limbs increased gradually from the third day, reached a peak by the end of the second week and thereafter declined gradually. The capillaries around the fracture site proliferated by the second week. When plaster was not used (group 1) dilatation of the main artery was followed by proliferation of the small and medium-sized vessels and capillaries which persisted until the tenth week. In group 2 (plaster) the vascular pattern returned to normal by the seventh week. Excess callus and delayed union was present in group 1 whereas early union with less callus formation occurred in group 2. PMID- 6671854 TI - The deformation of external fixation devices during loading. AB - The stability of four different types of external fixation devices was studied when they were subjected to torsion, bending and deformation under axial compression. The most stable fixation was achieved when the bone ends were in contact. The frames were weakest when the stress was applied at right angles to the plane of the frame. All four had adequate stability for fracture healing. PMID- 6671855 TI - A technique of dynamic reduction for displaced fractures of the thalamus of the calcaneum. AB - A new technique of reduction based on the anatomical structure of the calcaneum was first described in 1974. Two pins were inserted, one into the posterior surface and the other into the plantar surface of the bone. This allowed early mobilisation of the foot. The method can be used in all types of fractures including comminuted fractures of the tuberosity, the tongue type, the central depression type, the severe tongue type, the severe depression type and unclassified severe crush fractures. Complete anatomical reduction was obtained in 58 out of 72 fractures (77%) and 56 out of 64 patients (87.5%) were classified as "very good" by the Maxfield assessment. In this paper the authors discuss their method of management of displaced fractures of the thalamic part of the calcaneum. PMID- 6671856 TI - Retrofibular transfer of tibialis posterior to control residual adduction deformity of clubfoot. AB - The tibialis posterior muscle was transferred behind the fibula through the peroneal muscles and anchored in the fourth intermetatarsal cleft as an adjuvant step in postero-medial release to control the adduction deformity of the forefoot in clubfeet. The results of this procedure were compared after five years with conventional methods, including postero-medial release alone, in ten identical bilateral clubfeet. The immediate and late correction of the adductus deformity were significantly improved by this additional operation. PMID- 6671857 TI - [Closed intramedullary nailing of fractures of the shaft of the humerus]. AB - Fifty seven fractures of the shaft of the humerus were treated by closed intramedullary nailing without reaming of the proximal part of the bone. Fifty three of the fifty seven fractures healed promptly with an average time to union of 52 days. The technique of operation is described and the authors compare the results of their management with other methods of treatment. The indications for the use of closed nailing are discussed and its role in the treatment of pathological fractures and ununited fractures indicated. PMID- 6671858 TI - Neuropsychiatric aspects of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is a newly described, highly virulent, idiopathic syndrome characterized by lymphocyte dysfunction, multiple opportunistic infections and lymphoma, which primarily affects previously healthy, promiscuous homosexual males. Dementia and delirium due to infection and/or disseminated lymphoma may frequently occur in these patients, especially as the illness progresses. Consulting and liaison psychiatrists must be particularly alert to the possibility of organicity in these patients, in addition to the psychological distress caused by the AIDS syndrome itself. PMID- 6671859 TI - Cortisol secretion and urinary MHPG in unipolar depression. AB - The authors examined the relationship between both pre-dexamethasone 8:00 AM serum cortisol level and the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) with urinary 3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl glycol (MHPG) excretion in a group of fifteen men and fourteen women with unipolar depression. No significant difference was found between the mean MHPG excretion for either male or female DST suppressors or non suppressors. No significant correlation was found between the pre-dexamethasone 8:00 AM serum cortisol level and urinary MHPG. These results do not support the hypothesis that DST non-suppression in depression is related to central noradrenergic deficiency. PMID- 6671860 TI - Functional use of secondary cancer symptomatology. AB - This article presents several case studies which illustrate the way in which a terminal patient's attention may be diverted from the primary disease process, cancer, to secondary somatic symptomatology such as pain and nausea. This phenomenon has important consequences for the patient, family, physician, and the patient's medical treatment. These consequences are discussed in terms of primary gain, tertiary gain, and the "medicalization of existential problems." PMID- 6671861 TI - Sustained yawning as a side of imipramine. AB - The occurrence of sustained yawning, uncoupled from sedation but caused by psychotropic medication, has been noted infrequently in the literature. This case report suggests the possibility of an association between imipramine and sustained yawning. Mechanisms of action for this yawning are proposed and a treatment strategy is offered. PMID- 6671862 TI - Psychological reactions to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - The first twenty patients who entered our continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) program from March, 1979 to February, 1981 were interviewed to assess their psychological reactions to CAPD. Six patients were successfully maintained on CAPD for more than one year. CAPD provided patients with a greater sense of well-being, strength, and independence. This independence required adherence to a strict schedule of exchanges. Reactions to the loss of CAPD followed the pattern of a grief reaction. Those patients who were self disciplined and comfortable assuming active control of their health care proved to be the best candidates for CAPD. PMID- 6671863 TI - The emotional impact of end-stage renal disease: importance of patients' perception of intrusiveness and control. AB - The emotional impact of the intrusiveness of illness and patients' reduced control over several aspects of life were examined in the context of end-stage renal disease. A sample of thirty-five hemodialysis, ten continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and twenty-five posttransplant patients participated in a standardized interview in which a series of eight self-report measures of positive and negative mood, life happiness, self-esteem, depression, and somatic symptoms of distress were obtained. Attending staff also completed a depression rating scale for each participant. Data reduction via principal-components analysis yielded two factors, corresponding to negative and positive mood, and these were submitted to covariance analyses in which age, general nonrenal health, and defensiveness were controlled statistically. Patients' perceptions of increased intrusiveness, and their perception of limited control over eleven life dimensions, each correlated significantly and uniquely with increased negative and decreased positive mood, suggesting that each of these two factors contributes importantly and independently to patients' distress. An "objective" continuum of intrusiveness, constructed by ranking the various treatment modalities represented in the sample, also related significantly to positive (but not to negative) mood levels. PMID- 6671864 TI - Sex differences and asymmetry of lexical processing: effects of responding hand, stimulus familiarity and intraexperimental experience. AB - The possibility that language processing functions are more nearly equally represented in the two hemispheres of women than of men was investigated tachistocsopically by means of a lexical decision task in which words and nonwords were controlled for familiarity, and exposed vertically in the left and right visual half-fields. Analysis of both unimanual reaction times and response accuracy revealed differences in asymmetry as well as differences between male and female subjects which tended to decrease as a function of intraexperimental experience. Theoretical and methodological problems associated with reaction time and response accuracy as measures of language lateralization are discussed. PMID- 6671866 TI - Reliability analyses of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery summary and localization scales by diagnostic group: a follow-up study. AB - Reliability analyses were computed for the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) summary and localization scales using coefficient alpha as a measure of internal consistency. Separate reliability analyses were carried out for a mixed group of brain-damaged patients and neurologically normal groups of psychotic (schizophrenic or schizoaffective disorder) and alcoholic patients. The basic LNNB summary scales appeared to have adequate internal consistency for the three groups sampled. The localization scales were internally consistent for the mixed brain-damaged group, but caution was urged in the use of these scales with the psychotic and alcoholic groups in clinical practice. Their further experimental development was encouraged. Use of ipsative comparison tables based on mixed psychiatric and brain-damaged patients were recommended for clinical use only with mixed brain-damaged patients. PMID- 6671865 TI - Reliability analyses of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery factor scales by diagnostic group: a follow-up study. AB - The 30 scales developed from scalewise factor analyses of the items of the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery were subjected to internal consistency analyses by means of coefficient alpha for a mixed brain-damaged group and neurologically normal groups of alcoholic and schizophrenic or schizoaffective disorder patients. Thirty-seven per cent of the factor scales failed to reach a 0.70 coefficient alpha level for the mixed brain damaged group, but that figure was reduced to 23% with use of scales based on an orthogonal factor solution for the Receptive Speech scale. Further refinement of the internally consistent factor scales was recommended. Internal consistency values were too low for the factor scales with the alcoholic and psychotic samples to recommend their clinical use with these groups. Methodological issues in the derivation and application of the factor scales were discussed. PMID- 6671867 TI - Empirical evaluation of diagnostic rules for evaluation of Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery profiles of chronic schizophrenic, schizoaffective, and brain-damaged patients. AB - Various decision rules have been advanced for evaluation of brain dysfunction with the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery in a chronic schizophrenic or schizoaffective disorder psychotic population. The rules of Golden (1981a) produced the highest hit rate of 96% for identification of schizophrenics who had normal neurological examination findings as not brain damaged. Most of the psychotic profile decision rules, however, produced high false negative hit rates with known brain damaged cases. The critical level decision rules (Golden, Moses, Graber, & Berg, 1981) had the highest hit rate (76.7%) with the known brain damaged sample. Optimal classification of diagnostic groups appeared to be facilitated by use of decision rules that were especially designed for the psychotic and brain-damaged groups, respectively. PMID- 6671868 TI - Schizophrenic subgroups with normal and abnormal cognitive functioning on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. AB - A new set of decision rules for identification of brain dysfunction among schizophrenic or schizoaffective disorder patients were tested with the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. In a sample of 100 patients from these categories with normal neurological examination findings, three groups of patients were identified. These patients respectively were identified as cognitively normal, borderline, or abnormal. These groups were subjected to a series of multivariate and univariate analyses that showed them to be associated with significantly different profiles on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. Different functional systems were postulated to account for the differences in impaired scores across normal, borderline, and abnormal cognitive functioning groups. Further research with external validation criteria was encouraged. PMID- 6671869 TI - Neurocranial form: differentiating four ethnic populations using a simple CT scan measure. AB - Measurements of the cranial vault were obtained at the frontal and occipital poles, using computerized tomographic scans of 192 White, American Indian, Black and Oriental subjects. Significant differences were found in relation to the skull distance measurement (SDM) at the occipital pole for those subjects whose occipital SDM was greater than the frontal SDM (F less than O), as compared to other subjects who displayed equal frontal-occipital SDM (F = O) or frontal greater than occipital (F greater than O) SDM. With respect to these three relationships between frontal and occipital SDM, most American Indian subjects displayed the F = O pattern, most Black subjects the F less than O pattern and most Orientals the F greater than O pattern. White subjects distributed themselves equally among the three patterns. The importance of this new measurement is considered in relation to various areas of current neurological, psychological and anthropological investigations. PMID- 6671870 TI - Effects of age and education on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery performance of selected populations. AB - A number of studies have reported effects of age and education on neuropsychological test performance, finding these effects to different degrees on different tasks. The present study examines effects of age and education on Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery performance. Forty normal, 38 schizophrenic, and 38 nonpsychotic psychiatric subjects and 40 brain-damaged subjects in groups matched for age, education and sex were tested. Performance on each Luria-Nebraska scale was correlated with age and education in each diagnostic group and correlations were also calculated using scores adjusted for the age and education of individual subjects. Normal subjects showed significant education effects on all scales, with age-declines on "fluid" but not on "crystallized" functions. Schizophrenics showed education effects only on "crystallized" academic skills and showed age declines consistently on sensory functions. The brain-damaged and nonpsychotic psychiatric groups generally showed little age or education effect on test performance. The significance of these findings and methodological issues are discussed. PMID- 6671871 TI - Diagnostic validity of a short neurobehavioral test for screening of parietal lobe lesions. AB - Disturbances stemming from lesions of the parietal lobes can produce the most wide-ranging and diagnostically ambiguous symptoms of any of the cortical regions. Currently, parietal assessment and research is hampered by the lack of a specific, brief battery which emphasizes sensory-perceptual rather than cognitive aspects of parietal lobe disease. The Neurological Tests of Parietal Impairment (NTPI) is a battery designed to fulfill this need, providing a broad but brief assessment of major neurobehavioral symptoms of parietal insult. The present study was a preliminary attempt to investigate the diagnostic validity of the NTPI, comparing 7 focal left and 7 focal right parietal lesion cases with 7 focal left and 4 focal right frontal lobe cases, and 5 cases with diffuse cortical disease. The NTPI was found correctly to lateralize right parietal patients and successfully to discriminate them from patients with both right and left frontal lesions on all NTPI subtests except those involving complex receptive speech. Diffuse lesion cases could not be differentiated from parietal patients on the NTPI, as expected. Left parietal patients were not correctly lateralized as effectively as right parietal cases by the NTPI, nor could their performance be differentiated from that of the frontal lesion cases. Possible reasons for this finding were discussed. PMID- 6671873 TI - Eight arm maze for mice. AB - Certain behaviors have been found to be mediated by the brain. Eight-arm maze behavior is a measure of spatial-memory, and the integrity of this has been connected with the integrity of the hippocampus in rats (Olton & Samuelson, 1976). Mice are useful animals in neuropharmacological research, but an apparatus for mice has not yet been developed, perhaps because mice were thought incapable of executing intricate tasks as compared with rats. We developed an eight-arm maze adapted for mice to be used for such an experiment and also developed a procedure that was found to be highly useful and easy for mice to carry out, in order to increase their motivation to work in the apparatus. In our early studies we had shown that neonatal exposure to phenobarbital destroyed hippocampal neurons (Yanai & Bergman, 1981). Consequently, we used a sensitive eight-arm-maze to show that even small differences in performance can be clearly shown in this maze. PMID- 6671872 TI - The Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery and the Peabody Individual Achievement Test: a correlational analysis. AB - A group of 100 neurological, psychiatric, and normal subjects were administered both the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery and the Peabody Individual Achievement Test. Correlations between LNNB subtests that tap skills necessary for academic achievement (Reading, Writing, Intellectual Processes, Arithmetic) and corresponding PIAT subtests were high. Correlations between LNNB Localization scales and PIAT scores were also high, with the left Parietal-Occipital Scale showing the highest correlation. Multiple regression analyses generated prediction equations for each PIAT subtest using the LNNB clinical scales. PMID- 6671875 TI - An evaluation of the Quick Neurological Screening Test (QNST). AB - The Quick Neurological Screening Test (QNST) is a brief screening instrument which purports to identify children having, or likely to develop, learning difficulties in the regular classroom. The development of the QNST is compatible with a model of learning disabilities which invokes the construct of minimal cerebral dysfunction. The instrument is examined from a theoretical and methodological perspective. Additionally, comments on screening programs in general are discussed. PMID- 6671874 TI - Hemisphere specialization, bilaterality, and sex dimorphism in noise resistance. AB - This study shows the existence of right-sided lateral specialization of hemisphere noise resistance control of visual discrimination in rats. As a rule, right hemisphere activity, to a greater degree than left hemisphere activity is conducive to the improvement of noise resistance, the left hemisphere sometimes making it worse. Indications have been obtained concerning the existence of sex dimorphism of noise immunity in rats' visual discrimination. It is possible that the intact and split brain are more noise resistant in males than in females and are characterized by a greater asymmetry. The role of bilateral mechanisms in noise resistance is described: after section of the corpus callosum, noise resistance may either improve or deteriorate. It has been found that interhemispheric asymmetry can be changed up to its inversion by means of one of the hemisphere's polarization. PMID- 6671876 TI - Lateralized cognitive style and self-description. AB - A scale of hemispheric preference in cognitive style was related to self-report measures of emotional functioning, with the hypothesis that persons who rely on cognition characteristic of one hemisphere may also manifest emotional characteristics of that hemisphere. In two studies, university students characterizing themselves as preferring a cognitive style representative of right hemisphere processes endorsed more positive emotional orientations. This finding may suggest a more optimistic attitude, but may also reflect a tendency to deny negative traits; a right hemispheric cognitive style was associated with a positive self-report bias. These observations in normals have interesting parallels to the changes in emotional orientation and self-description bias that follow lateralized brain lesions or temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 6671877 TI - Operant control of auditory brainstem potentials in man. AB - Two studies are described which demonstrate operant conditioning of brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) component V. Our results show that reinforcement of the cumulative summation of the wave V P8N11 component (20 dB HL stimulus clicks) hastens its summation leading to increased wave V amplitude not associated with trivial mediation factors. The results were interpreted as demonstrating operant control of very early neural events in the brainstem of man. PMID- 6671878 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry in the processing of Stroop stimuli: a balanced design. AB - Based on results from earlier research, the Stroop test appears to be a means for gaining insight into the specialized functions of the cerebral hemispheres as related to sex differences. This study was designed to determine whether sex differences continue to be present in a balanced design. Sixty-two psychology students responded to color words printed in incongruent colors when presented by a slide projector. Four mean scores comprising 15 responses in each condition, grouped word, grouped color, random word, and random color were computed for each subject. One half of the subjects responded to the grouped condition first, while the other half responded to the random condition first. Two variables were considered, sex and the order of presentation of random and grouped modes. Analyses of covariance of color response times over the categories of sex and order of presentation with word scores as covariates were performed for all conditions. For all individuals, response latency was consistently shorter when reading the word than when reporting the color. As in earlier studies, the covariate (word scores) was significantly related to the color sores. Sex differences were not found; however a significant difference was found in the analysis of the random color responses. When means were adjusted for sex and the covariate, subjects having the experience of the grouped experiment first scored faster than those performing for the first time. It appears that in this balanced design, practice improves time on color responses for both sexes. PMID- 6671879 TI - Constraints on the Yerkes-Dodson law in skin temperature biofeedback. AB - The purpose of the present experiment was to explore the relationship between motivation and task difficulty during temperature biofeedback. A 2 (task difficulty: decreasing vs. increasing) X 3 (motivation: 0 vs. 25 vs. 50 payment) design was employed. It was hypothesized that a curvilinear function would be obtained in the decrease groups following the Yerkes-Dodson law. Sixty-five subjects were randomly assigned to the six experimental conditions and were trained to increase or decrease their finger temperature. Motivation was manipulated by paying subjects 0, 25, or 50 for every 0.1 degree F they increased their finger temperature over baseline for three days. As predicted, the results are quite compatible with the Yerkes-Dodson law on day one in the decrease conditions. However, as training continued the motivational variable no longer played a significant role in influencing performance, although the curvilinear function was still obtained graphically. It would appear that motivation can play a significant role in a subject's ability to control skin temperature. PMID- 6671880 TI - Interrelationships between and factor structures of the WAIS-R and WAIS in a neuropsychological battery. AB - We investigated whether the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) demonstrate similar patterns of relationship with the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB). Fifty VA Medical Center patients were administered the WAIS-R and HRB and 50 completed the WAIS and HRB. The groups were comparable in terms of demographic variables. Pearson correlations were computed between the subtest and IQ scores from the Wechsler Scale and scores from the HRB for each group. A comparison of the 140 correlations for the WAIS-R with those for the WAIS showed no significant differences, indicating that the WAIS-R and WAIS variables covary in a similar manner with the HRB scores. A factor analysis was performed for the two groups separately. Coefficients of congruence indicated a high degree of similarity between the two factor solutions. Clinicians may expect the same relationships to emerge between the Wechsler variables and the HRB regardless of which scale is administered. PMID- 6671881 TI - Individual variations in awakening times, daytime alertness and somnograms as a function of ad libitum extended sleep. AB - Individual variations in timing of polysomnograms, vigilance, alertness ratings, and wakeful electrocorticograms were investigated after being potentiated by extended sleep. The entire (N = 16) constituency of healthy young adults was dichotomized into subgroups (Ns = 8) whose delayed awakenings occurred before 1045 (0930-1036) and at 1105 (1105-1430) or later. Statistical analyses were applied to determine whether selected dependent variables during ad libitum delayed sleep covaried as a function of the substantial (5-hr) range observed for awakening times. Relative to the rigidly scheduled 8-hr control condition, statistically significant average increases occurred in stage 2, REM sleep and REM cycle length as a function of delayed afternoon awakening times, whereas this proved true for stage 3 during the morning. For all indexes of sleep physiology, there were statistically significant interactions of the ad-libitum extended treatment with arising times. Average elevations in stage 2, REM sleep and REM cycle length were associated with ad libitum sleep which terminated at 1105 or later. By contrast, increases of stage 3 coincided with extended sleep wherein awakenings occurred between 0930 and 1036 in the morning. The average integrated amplitude (microV) of 8-13 Hz alpha rhythm was greater (less cortical alertness), whereas psychometric alertness ratings were significantly less in conjunction with ad libitum delayed morning sleep and among individuals whose awakenings occurred greater than 1100. Finally, sublingual temperature was significantly more elevated within the vicinity of 1105-1430, and this proved true with respect to d', the signal detection index, from 0930 until 1036. Accumulated evidence does indicate that acute variations in sleep patterns contribute to a disturbance in the diurnal cycle most conspicuously during either: (1) morning or (2) when postdormital evaluations of alertness are initially completed. The clinical relevance of these findings for neuropsychiatric states such as idiopathic hypersomnias, bipolar affective illness and depression is explicated. PMID- 6671882 TI - Indolamine hallucinogens as MAO inhibitor agents--theoretical approach. AB - A new theoretical hypothesis on the mode of action of LSD and other hallucinogens of the indolamine family is proposed. In view of the suggestions that LSD acts both on the 5-HT system as an antagonist and on the DA system as an agonist, we suggest that in addition to 5-HT blocking capacity, LSD and the other indolamine hallucinogens act as MAO inhibitors. PMID- 6671883 TI - Relationships between the Booklet Category Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. AB - This study compares total errors on the Booklet Form of the Category Test (DeFilippis, McCampbell & Rogers, 1979) with several scores of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Heaton, 1981). In a heterogeneous sample of 30 neurologically impaired patients and 31 normal individuals the two tests exhibited a maximum correlation of 0.52 when partialing out the effects of age and education. In addition, this study suggests that the two exhibit similar overall diagnostic hit rates; however, they differ in false negatives and false positives. These results bring into question the assumption that these two neuropsychological tests are interchangeable. A need to recognize the nature of the differences between the tests in their clinical applications and in future research is discussed. PMID- 6671885 TI - A theory on the lability and stability of spinal motoneuron soma size and induction of synaptogenesis in the adult spinal cord. AB - There exists a dynamic relationship between the soma size of a motoneuron and its motor unit size. Adult motoneuron soma size can be experimentally increased if the neuron is allowed to innervate more muscle fibers than it normally innervates. In postnatal mammals a transition from polyneuronal to mononeuronal innervation of limb muscle fibers occurs which is temporally related to a plastic change in the perikaryal size. This lability of postnatal motoneuron size is temporally related to growth of synaptic connections on the motoneuron. In adult mammal, regenerating motor axons polyneuronally innervate the muscle fibers for a transient period. This hypothesis proposes that a plastic change in soma size occurs in these adult motoneurons. This short-lived labile state may revive the embryonic properties and evoke growth of synaptic boutons. Experimentally induced labile state in motoneuron pools and spinal ganglion neurons in the adult mammal should offer a basis for the study of mechanisms of synaptogenesis in the spinal cord. PMID- 6671884 TI - Effects of ethanol on rat cerebellar Purkinje cells. AB - The effects of ethanol on cerebellar Purkinje cells were studied in awake rats immobilized and mechanically ventilated. Single unit activity of 58 cerebellar Purkinje cells was observed for 1 to 8 hr following a single intraperitoneal administration of ethanol doses ranging from 0.25 g/kg to 3.0 g/kg. The alteration in Purkinje cell activity was related to the dose and the blood level of ethanol. Low doses of ethanol tended to excite and high doses tended to inhibit the spontaneous activity of Purkinje cells. At the peak levels of blood ethanol, cerebellar Purkinje cells often exhibited rhythmic short bursting discharges and the periodic intense activation followed by suppression. In contrast to previous observations that actions of ethanol were short, the present data indicate that cerebellar Purkinje cell activity was continuously affected for a few to several hours following a single dose of ethanol. The data are compatible with behavioral observations that impaired coordination in acute ethanol intoxication also had a similar time course. PMID- 6671886 TI - Vibratory stimulation to the teeth as a communication aid for profoundly deaf persons. PMID- 6671888 TI - The gastric anti-ulcer activity of naringenin, a specific histidine decarboxylase inhibitor. AB - The gastric anti-ulcer activity of a specific histidine decarboxylase inhibitor naringenin, the aglycone of naringin, a naturally occurring flavanone glycoside obtained from kino and grapefruits, has been studied on the various types of ulcers experimentally induced in rats, viz., pylorus-ligated (Shay method) and restraint ulcers, and on the gastric mucosal damage induced by aspirin, phenylbutazone or reserpine. Naringenin possessed significant anti-ulcer activity in all these models, manifesting a dose-dependent anti-ulcer effect on the pylorus-ligated and restraint ulcers. However, the ED50 value against ulcers in the pylorus-ligated rats (132 mg/kg) was significantly greater than that against ulcers in the restraint rats (42 mg/kg). Amongst all the models used, naringenin was found most effective against the restraint rats. It is suggested that a mechanism involving the inhibition of formation and release of endogenous histamine in the gastric mucosa of rats is implicated in the protective effect of naringenin. PMID- 6671887 TI - Food and pentagastrin stimulation of gastrin, pepsinogen I and acid in children with primary duodenal ulcer. AB - Six cases of duodenal ulcer were studied in male children (mean age 8.8 yrs., range 6-12 yrs., mean weight 29.8 kg). All were submitted to X-ray examination and/or digestive endoscopy. Ten healthy children, matched by weight, age and sex were chosen as controls. All children underwent a standardized protein meal to evaluate serum gastrin and pepsinogen I response and the pentagastrin test for acid secretion. The serum gastrin level was found to be similar in the two groups (normal children and duodenal ulcer) both in the fasting state and after food stimulation, whereas the basal and after-meal serum pepsinogen I values were statistically higher in the duodenal ulcer group (p less than 0.01). The pentagastrin test showed a basal, maximal and peak acid output significantly lower in controls than in the subjects with primary duodenal ulcer. The results confirm that elevated gastric acid response is already present in duodenal ulcer of childhood and seems to be its cause rather than its consequence. Our finding of an already elevated pepsinogen I level, coupled with the already reported family histories of the disease, further support an inherited basis for duodenal ulcer in childhood. PMID- 6671889 TI - Role of preoperative Multitest findings on predicting postoperative infectious complications. AB - On 100 patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery, relationships between preoperative Multitest findings of delayed hypersensitivity and postoperative infectious complications were investigated. Multitest preoperative quantitative data, due to its strict antigen potency and standardization of technique, have shown to be reliable in excluding postoperative infections and they are also a good indicator in predicting them. PMID- 6671890 TI - A comparison between scintigraphy and laparotomy in patients with Hodgkin's disease and mild liver disease. AB - In patients undergoing liver scintigraphy, surgical biopsies were obtained at laparotomy. The scintiscans were considered positive on the basis of two different levels of severity of the clinical picture, corresponding to an optimistic or to a pessimistic evaluation of scans. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and discriminating factor of the two types of scintiscan evaluation were also assessed. PMID- 6671891 TI - Enzymatic and metabolic changes in peripheral serum after superior mesenteric artery ligation in dogs. AB - Modifications in serum levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic-oxalacetic-transaminases (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminases, L-gamma-glutamyl transferases, alkaline phosphatase, glycemia, serum nitrogen, creatinine, amylase, sodium and potassium were measured in dogs during experimentally induced acute mesenteric infarction, in the attempt to establish useful criteria for the early diagnosis of mesenteric infarction. Twelve dogs were studied, 6 being submitted to simple laparotomy and 6 to ligation of the superior mesenteric artery which caused mesenteric infarction. Venous blood samples were collected for 24 hours after surgery in all animals in order to detect any changes in the above-mentioned enzymatic and metabolic parameters. All animals were killed after the experiment and autopsy studies carried out. Animal with mesenteric infarction displayed a significant increase in serum total CPK, LDH, GOT and alkaline phosphatase. This observation may be useful in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric infarction. PMID- 6671892 TI - Subcutaneous lateral internal sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. AB - One hundred and seventeen patients with chronic anal fissure were submitted to subcutaneous internal lateral sphincterotomy. Immediate pain relief was observed in all patients except two, in whom sphincterotomy was incomplete. One hundred and ten patients had their first painless bowel movement 24 to 48 hours after the operation. Temporary incontinence to flatus was reported by 38 patients, whereas fecal incontinence was never observed. Healing time of the wound was six days, that of the fissure four weeks. In the 98 patients followed at six months and one year, no complications or recurrences were reported. If particular technical precautions are taken, this type of operation presents several advantages over other procedures, namely posterior midline sphincterotomy and anal stretching. PMID- 6671893 TI - Surgical sphincterotomy in the early management of non-malignant obstructive jaundice. Indications and results. AB - Biliary obstruction by non-malignant lesions can be treated either by biliary enteric anastomosis or by sphincterotomy or sphincteroplasty. In the present report, 153 jaundiced patients operated on by sphincterotomy, were retrospectively examined. Proper indications for surgical sphincterotomy have been considered as follows: stones in the common bile duct (49.7%), biliary stones with secondary stenosis of Oddi (26.8%), impacted ampullary stones (17.6%), primary stenosis of Oddi (3.9%), stenosis of Oddi by perivaterian chronic pancreatitis (2.0%). Preoperative early diagnosis was recognized by US, ERCP, PTC, CT. The overall operative mortality was 2.6% and determined by acute renal failure in 2.0% and acute pancreatitis in 0.6%. Postoperative complications occurred in 4.6% and consisted in acute pancreatitis in 3.3% and bleeding from sphincterotomy in 1.3%. One hundred and twenty-three patients (82.5%) were followed up by questionnaire and by both X-ray studies and ultrasonography. Good results were observed in 80.5%, fair results in 17.1% and poor results in 2.4%. The presents study suggests further indications for surgical sphincterotomy in the treatment of benign biliary obstruction. The effectiveness of this procedure in the early management of non-malignant jaundice is also stressed. PMID- 6671894 TI - The surgical treatment of bronchial carcinoid adenoma: a personal experience. AB - Clinical and pathological observations on 7 resected cases of bronchial carcinoid have been reviewed. Bronchoscopy was the most definitive diagnostic procedure. Bronchoplastic procedures were the treatment of choice for these low-grade potentially malignant lesions. Indications for extensive lung resection were distal suppuration and tumor extention into the parenchyma. There were no operative deaths or major complications. All the patients are still alive (mean follow-up 39.4 months) with no recurrence of tumor. PMID- 6671895 TI - Duodenal stenosis from retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to traumatic retroperitoneal hematoma: a case report. AB - A case is presented of retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to post-traumatic retroperitoneal hematoma, resulting in duodenal obstruction six years after the traumatic event. The fibrotic encasement of the duodenum and the head of pancreas made it necessary to perform an "en bloc" resection, with excellent results both immediately and after three years of follow-up. PMID- 6671897 TI - Vascular surgery in Behcet's syndrome: a case report. AB - A case of Behcet's syndrome with right femoral artery thrombosis surgically treated by femoro-popliteal TEA and lumbar sympathectomy is described. The validity of TEA even in this rare vascular disease is evidenced. After having examined the reasons leading to this surgical procedure, and good results in long term follow-up are underlined. PMID- 6671896 TI - Rupture of multiple hepatic adenoma and oral contraceptive use: a case report. AB - A 38-year-old woman was seen with a hemoperitoneum caused by rupture of a hepatic adenoma of the right lobe. The patient had been taking oral contraceptives for ten years, but discontinued their use three years previously. During the postoperative course a second adenoma of the contralateral lobe, not diagnosed at the first operation, ruptured. The relationship between oral contraceptive use and hepatic cell adenoma is briefly reviewed. PMID- 6671898 TI - Cystic lesion of the kidney with ultrastructural evidence of mesothelial origin. AB - A case of cystic renal mesothelioma in a 55 year-old woman is described. The patient had only intense pain in the left lumbar region. The tumor macroscopically appeared as a cystic multilocular mass, 20 cm. in diameter, sharply demarcated from the renal parenchyma. A light and electron microscope study was performed, and strongly supported mesothelial origin. The patient was treated by surgical therapy which was completely resolutive. The differential diagnosis between this tumor and peri and para-renal cystic lesions is discussed. PMID- 6671899 TI - Adolescents' communication styles for learning about birth control from mass media. AB - This article is an exploratory study to identify discrete factors which predict the way in which adolescents are likely to communicate about birth control after receiving information from a mass medium is described. First, we discuss styles of interacting with others regarding information from mass media which have been described in previous research. Five styles are identified: media-oriented, peer oriented, home-oriented, professionally-oriented, and multi-source oriented. Next, we discuss categories of factors which theoretically should distinguish among the five communication styles. These factors are drawn from theories and previous research in communication and social learning. Using data collected from a random sample of 100 adolescents, we then test the predictive ability of categories of factors. Discriminant analysis is used to determine which factors within categories are most predictive of style and which best discriminate between styles. Eight factors are identified which predict 75% of all communication styles. The factors are sex, race, giving advice about sex, seeking information about birth control, dating rules regarding where one can go, dating rules regarding behavior on dates, feelings of pride, and feelings of popularity. Finally, we discuss the significance for practitioners of study findings and of predicting adolescents' communication styles. PMID- 6671900 TI - The implications of developing a profession-wide code of ethics. AB - Current efforts by two professional health education associations to draft a code of ethics could lead to the establishment of a profession-wide code serving as the basis for awareness, inspiration, training, and professional conduct. Such a code would also serve the social functions of professional protection and control. A coordinated attempt to formulate a profession-wide code could more closely unite all existing national health education organizations through a process of cooperative effort and value clarification, with implications for centralization, enforcement, and licensure. Members of the Society for Public Health Education, Inc. (SOPHE) and the Association for the Advancement of Health Education (AAHE) are currently engaged in an attempt to formulate a health education code of ethics. This article explores the history and purposes of such codes. In addition, it compares current health education professional concerns with those of the American Medical Association during the last century. Finally, it discusses the implications of a profession-wide code for centralization, enforcement, and licensure. PMID- 6671901 TI - Who volunteers for a breast self-examination program? Evaluating the bases for self-selection. AB - Interest in a free breast self-examination (BSE) teaching program offered to a patient population (n = 1590) was assessed, and a follow-up survey of refusers undertaken to determine difference between participants and refusers. Fifty-one percent of the known, eligible women patients expressed interest in the program and 24% ultimately had the teaching. Participants differed from refusers most notably in terms of less previous experience with BSE, more family history of cancer, a longer relationship with their physicians, and different health beliefs. They state more confidence in the effectiveness of breast cancer detection and treatment, less fear and embarrassment, and more personal and physician responsibility for health outcomes, as measured by the Health Locus of Control Scales. Self-selection thus seems rationally based on the kind of program and the needs of the women. Such self-selection can be cost-effective in delivering health education to the people most in need of it and most likely to benefit from it. PMID- 6671903 TI - Hb Le Lamentin [alpha 20 (B 1) His----Gln] in Japan: structure, function and biosynthesis. PMID- 6671902 TI - The first example of a deletion in the human alpha chain: hemoglobin Boyle Heights or alpha 2 6 (A4) Asp----to O beta 2. AB - Hemoglobin Boyle Heights (alpha 6 (A4) Asp leads to O) is the first observed variant with a deletion in the alpha chain. The variant, which was detected in a 39-year-old man of Mexican descent, constitutes 14% of the total hemoglobin and is associated with microcytosis, heat instability, and increased oxygen affinity. It migrates between Hb F and Hb S on cellulose acetate and starch gel electrophoresis and with Hb A on citrate agar gel electrophoresis. Identification was done by high performance liquid chromatographic procedures. Residue Asp alpha 6 is neither a heme nor an interchain contact, but does have intrachain contacts. Like Hb Sawara (alpha 6 Asp leads to Ala), Hb Boyle Heights has increased oxygen affinity. It is likely that the Bohr effect will be altered because the deletion in Hb Boyle Heights should alter the configuration of Val alpha 1 and influence its participation in the Bohr effect. PMID- 6671904 TI - Hemoglobin Korle Bu in a Mexican family. PMID- 6671905 TI - Two further examples of Hb Hirose, beta 37 (C3) Trp----Ser. PMID- 6671906 TI - Hb Sabine or alpha 2 beta 2 91 (F7) Leu----Pro in a Yugoslavian boy. PMID- 6671908 TI - A comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting acetabular cup fixation and design in total hip replacement arthroplasty: a series of experimental and clinical studies. PMID- 6671907 TI - Long-term follow-up of the Bombelli experience with osteotomy for osteoarthritis: results at 11 years. PMID- 6671909 TI - New developments in hip arthroplasty. Overview of current attempts to eliminate methylmethacrylate. PMID- 6671910 TI - Analytical support for acetabular component metal backing. PMID- 6671911 TI - Finite-element analysis of a metal-backed acetabular component. PMID- 6671912 TI - The effect of metal backing on stresses in polyethylene acetabular components. PMID- 6671913 TI - Advantages of metal-backed acetabular components for a total hip replacement: a clinical assessment with a minimum 5-year follow-up. AB - A group of 53 hips in which metal-backed acetabular components had been inserted with the use of bone cement were reviewed roentgenographically at an average of 6.5 years following insertion, with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Of this group, two were excluded for special reasons. Among the remaining hips, with an average age of 41 years at the time of insertion, the incidence of acetabular component loosening was 6%. In fact, the only acetabular component loosening occurred in three patients whose surgery was done at the age of 25 years or younger. No patient over the age of 25 years demonstrated a loose acetabular component. By selecting the subset of patients age 45 years and under, we could make a comparison with a similar group of patients reported by Dorr and Takai, in whom acetabular components had been inserted without metal backing. The group with the metal-backed acetabular components had a statistically significant reduction in acetabular component loosening. These clinical data, taken in conjunction with the finite-element studies reported in Chapters 11 and 12, make a very strong case for the use of the metal-backed acetabular component. Our clinical practice, and our recommendation, is to use a metal-backed acetabular component in every cemented total hip replacement, if possible. PMID- 6671914 TI - Pathogenesis of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. AB - There are several potential pathways by which bone dies, one or more of which may be operative in any given case. However, the compartmental nature of its circulation renders bone vulnerable to ischemia from a primary elevation of BMP due to increase in any of the tissues within bone and outside the vessels. Furthermore, ischemia from other primary sources may be potentiated by a secondary increase in BMP. Findings of elevated BMP in the preradiologic and even preclinical stages of INFH support this pathogenetic hypothesis. The long-term results of core decompression reported by Professor Ficat lend further credence to these concepts. PMID- 6671915 TI - Avascular necrosis of the femoral head--diagnostic techniques, reliability and relevance. AB - Diagnosis of avascular necrosis in the early stages (I and II) offers the opportunity to prevent late segmental collapse and secondary degenerative arthritis of the hip through early surgical intervention. Functional bone marrow studies and core biopsy are the simplest and best tests for diagnosing avascular necrosis of the hip. Bone scans are helpful in diagnosis and provide supportive evidence. Routine roentgenography and occasionally tomography are the only tests required for diagnosis in advanced stages of the disease. PMID- 6671916 TI - Treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. AB - We believe that all bone necrosis passes through a preradiologic stage, which is either painful and therefore Stage I or asymptomatic and therefore Stage O. Moreover, the diagnosis of osteonecrosis cannot be made by standard x-ray technique, which means that a normal x-ray examination does not guarantee that the hip is normal. The diagnosis in the early stage can be made only through the functional exploration of bone. In spite of multiple etiologies, there exists a pathophysiologic unity that centers around the circulatory disorder and is dominated by stasis. We believe that this explains the clinical and radiologic similarity of diverse causes of ischemic necrosis of bone. The medical treatment, preventive or prophylactic, is based on the causes and therefore is specific to the etiology of the avascular necrosis, whether that be cessation of drinking alcohol or reduction of steroid therapy. The interruptive treatment, however, which aborts the progression of the disease, rests on early diagnosis and core decompression. This dependence of results of treatment on timing has also been borne out by other authors as well, including Hungerford and Zizic and Marcus et al. PMID- 6671917 TI - Overview of attempts to revitalize the dead head in aseptic necrosis of the femoral head--osteotomy and revascularization. PMID- 6671918 TI - Osteonecrosis of the femoral head treated by pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs): a preliminary report. AB - This has been a preliminary report with a short-term follow-up of a small number of observations (28 hips of 24 patients). The follow-ups ranged from 6 to 36 months, with an average of 17.8 months. Only eleven hips (in eleven patients) were followed an average of 8 months after cessation of the treatment. It should be emphasized that this was a "pilot" study, in which no control series was used to determine the natural course of the disease in a comparable clinical setting. Of note was the pain relief, in 19 of 23 patients with moderate to severe pretreatment pain. Also there was an improved function, which suggests that at least in approximately two thirds of the patients there was some clinical benefit from this mode of treatment. In eight hips, clinical conditions did not change; and in two they worsened, requiring further treatment. Eighteen remaining hips were thought to have been benefited by the treatment. Six femoral heads that had already developed varying degrees of collapse (Ficat Type III) collapsed further (1 to 2 mm), and two round heads (Ficat II) progressed to off-round (Ficat III). This preliminary study suggests that further exploration of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) is warranted in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. PMID- 6671919 TI - The rationale for primary hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients. AB - In summary, we believe that hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of displaced fracture of the femoral neck in elderly persons is a rational procedure (Fig. 3 4). It carries no greater morbidity or mortality rate and may even decrease these parameters when modern medical technology is employed. In the long run it would appear that greater than 90% of the prostheses are serviceable for the duration of the patient's life. PMID- 6671920 TI - Displaced femoral neck fractures: the rationale for primary total hip replacement. PMID- 6671921 TI - Special problems of femoral neck fractures in adolescents and young adults. PMID- 6671922 TI - Greater trochanteric advancement of the proximal femur: a clinical and biomechanical study. PMID- 6671924 TI - Antibiotics in bile. PMID- 6671923 TI - Classification of femoral neck fractures in the elderly as pathologic fractures. AB - The following distinctions can be made between fractures of the femoral neck in elderly persons and similar fractures in younger patients: They are much more common in the elderly. They are more frequent in females than in males. There is a much higher incidence in the white than in the black population. Fractures of the opposite hip are more common in the elderly. Associated medical conditions in the elderly may make the patient more susceptible to falls and may increase the degree of osteopenia. There is a high rate of mortality in elderly patients within 1 year of the fracture. Minor trauma causes many of the fractures in elderly patients whereas severe trauma is usually the mechanism in younger ones. Osteopenia is more common in elderly women and places them at higher risk for fracture. Microfractures of the femoral head and neck may add to the high incidence of fracture in elderly persons. The anatomic configuration of the fracture is different in elderly patients, with impacted and displaced subcapital fractures more common. The incidence of union of the fracture is the same in older and younger patients, but in the older patient multiple pin fixation is necessary for impacted and nondisplaced fractures; also, in displaced fractures a device with side plate fixation is necessary to maximize fracture healing. The incidence of avascular necrosis is approximately the same in older and younger individuals, but revascularization of the avascular segment in older patients is a limited process. On the basis of these observations, fractures of the femoral neck in the elderly should be classified as pathologic fractures. There is a need for improved methods of reducing and treating nonunion and avascular necrosis, but also there is a need to obtain more data concerning factors related to the patient and to the quality of bone. Thus, it is hoped, some of these fractures can be prevented and better treatment can be provided. PMID- 6671925 TI - Amikacin concentrations in serum and blister fluid in healthy volunteers and in patients with renal impairment. AB - Following iv administration of 0.5 g of amikacin, the concentrations of the antibiotic were determined in serum and blister fluid of nine healthy volunteers and ten patients with renal impairment. In the former, the maximum concentrations of amikacin in blister fluid was 11.85 +/- 4.6 mg/l. The half-life in blister fluid was 2.39 +/- 1.10 h, slightly greater than that of serum (1.73 +/- 0.24 h). The concentrations of the antibiotic in serum and blister fluid are modified significantly in patients with renal impairment. The half-life values in both fluids increase similarly, parallel to the reduction in renal function. The penetration of amikacin into blister fluid in these patients increases progressively and a linear relationship is established between the maximum concentration reached and creatinine clearance. A linear relationship has also been established between the concentration of the antibiotic in serum and blister fluid. PMID- 6671926 TI - Distribution to human peripheral lymph of amoxycillin and of ampicillin from the oral prodrug bacampicillin. AB - Equivalent doses of 1600 mumol each of amoxycillin (582 mg) and ampicillin from bacampicillin (800 mg) were studied in five fasting healthy volunteers in a cross over study. Peripheral lymph was collected from the legs by cannulation of subcutaneous lymph vessels. Antibiotic concentrations were determined by bioassay. Passage to the lymph was rapid; for both agents lymph peaks occurred between 1-2 h after serum maxima. The compounds showed similar ranges of serum and of lymph concentrations; the mean individual peak concentration, area under the concentration curves, and elimination half-life in serum were 9.6 mg/l, 24.8 mg.h/l, and 0.80 h respectively for amoxycillin and 11.0 mg/l, 21.4 mg.h/l, and 0.93 h for ampicillin from bacampicillin. In lymph, the corresponding values were 5.5 mg/l, 21.9 mg.h/l, and 1.1 h for amoxycillin and 4.7 mg/l, 16.1 mg/l, and 1.0 h for ampicillin. The ratios between concentrations in lymph and serum were similar. The ratios between the total areas under the concentration curves was 0.88 +/- 0.19 for amoxycillin compared to 0.80 +/- 0.10 for ampicillin from bacampicillin. The areas under the lymph concentration vs. time curves ranged from 69-107% of the serum curve values of amoxycillin and 71-97% for ampicillin. Both drugs persisted longer in lymph than in serum. This pattern was somewhat more pronounced for amoxycillin, probably because of its more sustained serum concentrations due to delayed absorption. Thus the two antibiotics were similar in respect to passage into peripheral lymph. PMID- 6671927 TI - Activity of trimethoprim (TMP), sulphamethoxazole (SMX) and the combination against Bacteroides fragilis group isolates. AB - The in-vitro efficacy of trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) was tested against 59 isolates belonging to the Bacteroides fragilis group of bacteria and was shown to be dependent upon the inoculum size. With an inoculum of 3 X 10(5) colony forming units (cfu), 98% of these isolates were susceptible to the combination, whereas with a higher inoculum of 10(6) cfu, 88% were susceptible. None of the isolates were susceptible to less than 2 mg/l of TMP, whereas 57 (97%) were susceptible to SMX at the lower inoculum and 21 (36%) at the higher inoculum. These data indicate that TMP/SMX has moderate activity against organisms of the Bact. fragilis group when tested at an inoculum of 10(6) cfu. PMID- 6671928 TI - Bacteroides fragilis resistant to metronidazole. PMID- 6671929 TI - Interesting new findings regarding the age old shingles. PMID- 6671931 TI - M-mode echocardiography in the evaluation of patients with infective endocarditis. PMID- 6671930 TI - Systemic connective tissue diseases in India, VI. Raynaud's disease and pre progressive systemic sclerosis (Pre-PSS). PMID- 6671932 TI - A double blind controlled study of ECT vs chlorpromazine in schizophrenia. PMID- 6671933 TI - Platelet adhesiveness, plasma fibrinogen and fibrinolytic activity in angina pectoris before and after propranolol therapy. PMID- 6671934 TI - Value of lung biopsy in diagnosis of pulmonary lesions. PMID- 6671935 TI - Art of teaching. PMID- 6671936 TI - Endocrine pharmaco-therapeutics. PMID- 6671938 TI - Two unusual cases of herpes zoster involving cranial nerves. PMID- 6671937 TI - Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy in pulmonary medicine. PMID- 6671939 TI - A case of ST segment and T wave alternans. PMID- 6671940 TI - 'Amoebic granuloma of the lung' detected in a patient of pleuropulmonary amoebiasis. PMID- 6671941 TI - Alcaptonuria--2 cases. PMID- 6671943 TI - Spectrum of multiple sclerosis in Delhi. PMID- 6671942 TI - Hepatic tuberculosis simulating hepatic amoebiasis. PMID- 6671944 TI - Utility of FDP levels in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6671945 TI - Fibrin degradation products in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6671946 TI - Radioactive and nonradioactive bromide partition tests (BPT) in meningitis and meningoencephalitis. PMID- 6671947 TI - A study of serum cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 6671948 TI - Serum lipid profile in young strokes. PMID- 6671949 TI - Gastrointestinal dialysis. PMID- 6671950 TI - Mitral valve prolapse associated with secundum atrial septal defect: clinical, haemodynamic and angiographic correlations. PMID- 6671951 TI - Experience with insulin pump treatment in Indian diabetics. A preliminary report. PMID- 6671952 TI - Evaluation of parameters of cure in amoebic liver abscess. PMID- 6671953 TI - Stress testing for the diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 6671954 TI - Confusion in a middle aged alcoholic man. PMID- 6671956 TI - Microfilaria in bone marrow aspirate. PMID- 6671955 TI - Junctional premature beats unmasking myocardial infarction in WPW syndrome. PMID- 6671957 TI - Acute reversible cerebellar signs after Diazinon poisoning. PMID- 6671958 TI - How to record EKG without muscle artifacts. PMID- 6671959 TI - Bradycardia-dependent intermittent right bundle branch block. PMID- 6671960 TI - Changes in the position of human labyrinth in fetal period. PMID- 6671961 TI - Computed tomography of the knee joint in double-contrast. PMID- 6671962 TI - A review of the ultrasonographic criteria of cirrhosis and their accuracy. PMID- 6671963 TI - Recognition patterns for exon-intron junctions in higher organisms as revealed by a computer search. AB - Most genes of higher eukaryotes are discontinuous. The DNA which codes for a protein is interrupted by introns. In the nucleus, certain machinery is supposed to recognize the exon-intron and intron-exon junctions. Applying computer searching to eighteen genes from various biological species, we examined what kinds of patterns or nucleotide sequences are necessary and sufficient to recognize the splice junctions. We propose that four common patterns of AG/GTA, /GTAAGT, RG/GTGAG and AG/GTXXGT, where R = A or G and X = A, T, G, or C, are often used as signals for exon-intron junctions. This proposal is based on the facts that they are not found in the exons of the genes examined and on the assumption that the recognition machinery scans the mRNA precursor from the 5' end to the 3'-end. PMID- 6671964 TI - Amino acid sequence of troponin C obtained from ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi) body wall muscle. AB - The amino acid sequence of ascidian troponin C has been determined. It is composed of 155 amino acid residues and contains two tryptophan residues which have not been found in other troponin C sequences so far determined. The N terminus is acetylated, and the molecular mass was calculated to be 17,794. Calcium binding sites I and III of ascidian troponin C appear to have lost the ability to bind calcium, and the total number of binding sites is reduced to two. PMID- 6671965 TI - Studies on histone oligomers. V. Reconstitution of chromatin from purified DNA and acid-extracted histones. AB - DNA-histone complexes were reconstituted from DNA and acid-extracted core histones and the products were characterized by micrococcal nuclease digestion to examine whether proper nucleosome structure had been reconstituted. No nucleosome structure was produced starting from the mixture of acid-extracted histones and purified DNA in 2 M NaCl-5 M urea, while the reassociation of chromatin by the same procedures was successful. This was due to the inappropriate conformation of acid-extracted histones, which was preserved in 2 M NaCl even in the presence of 5 M urea. If acid-extracted histones were reannealed from the completely denatured state, such as in 5 M urea, 6 M guanidine hydrochloride or 0.6 M NaCl-5 M urea, reconstitution of nucleosome structure was always successful. PMID- 6671966 TI - Cross-linking of tobacco mosaic virus RNA and capped polyribonucleotides to 18S rRNA in wheat germ ribosome-mRNA complexes. AB - Tobacco mosaic virus RNA, forming 40S or 80S initiation complexes with wheat germ ribosomes, was covalently bound to 18S ribosomal RNA by the photoreaction with an RNA cross-linking agent, 4'-aminomethyl-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (AMT). Synthetic polyribonucleotide, poly(A, U), with the cap structure m7GpppGmC at the 5' terminal was also cross-linked to 18S ribosomal RNA in 40S or 80S complexes with ribosomes by the AMT photoreaction. Polyuridylic acid with the same 5'-cap structure, forming 40S complexes but not 80S complexes with ribosomes, was most efficiently cross-linked to 18S ribosomal RNA by the psoralen photoreaction. These results suggest that the interactions between mRNA and 18S rRNA are not necessarily of strict complementarity but occur during formation of the complexes in eukaryotes. The 40S complexes would be then converted to 80S complexes in the presence of the AUG initiation codon or AUG-like triplets containing A and U on the polyribonucleotide chains which interact with 18S ribosomal RNA. PMID- 6671967 TI - Purification and characterization of an alpha-mannosidase of sea-squirt. AB - An alpha-mannosidase was isolated from the extract of acetone powder of CHCl3 treated internal organs of the sea-squirt, Styela plicata. The enzyme was purified 4,110-fold in 11% yield. The preparation was fairly homogeneous on disc and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. The enzyme had an estimated molecular weight of 275,000 by gel chromatography and 70,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and was therefore considered to be a tetramer. The optimum pH for the enzyme activity was 3.4 but the stable pH range was from 4 to 6. The isoelectric point was 5.0. The enzyme was activated by Zn2+ but inhibited by Cu2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, and EDTA. The isolated enzyme released mannose not only from stem bromelin glycopeptide and ovalbumin glycopeptide but also from yeast mannan. PMID- 6671968 TI - Comparative study of acidic glycosphingolipids by field desorption and secondary ion mass spectrometry. AB - Acidic glycosphingolipids were analyzed by field desorption (FD-MS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SI-MS) using the primary ion Xe+ with a glycerol matrix. In the analysis of underivatized gangliosides by FD-MS, the fragment corresponding to the asialo residue resulting from the cationized cluster ion (M + Na)+ was the base peak, and ions due to cleavage at the glycosidic linkages were detected, as in the neutral glycosphingolipids. In the case of sulfatide, the ceramide fragment showed the highest intensity in the spectrum. In SI-MS spectra of acidic glycosphingolipids, (M + Na)+, (M + 2Na-H)+, and (M + K)+ were continuously detected as relatively high intensity ions during analysis of gangliosides and sulfatide. Other ions were mostly similar to those obtained by FD-MS. In FD-MS spectra of permethylated gangliosides, the cationized molecular ion (M + Na)+ was the base peak, and fragment ions due to asialo gangliosides were prominent. Other peaks were hard to detect. In SI-MS, molecular ions (M + H)+ and (M + H-32)+ and other ions due to cleavage of the glycosidic linkages were clearly detected. In this case, the sensitivity was greatly improved. Ions due to the non reducing end sugars were clearly detected, because of the relatively low intensity of ion peaks due to the glycerol matrix. It is concluded that the combination with FD-MS and SI-MS is particularly useful for the determination of molecular weight, sugar sequence and ceramide structure with sample amounting to only a few micrograms order. PMID- 6671969 TI - Effect of phosphate on the kinetics of assembly of oxygenated hemoglobin from isolated alpha and beta chains. AB - The kinetics of assembly of oxygenated hemoglobin from isolated alpha and beta chains was investigated under various buffer conditions by use of a circular dichroism (CD) stopped-flow apparatus. The difference CD spectra of hemoglobin against its constituent chains were independent of the buffer conditions, while the time courses of the Soret CD after mixing equimolar amounts of the alpha and beta chains changed with the buffer conditions. The time courses were analyzed on the basis of a scheme which included a monomer-tetramer equilibrium of the beta chain (beta 4 in equilibrium 4 beta), dissociation of the beta 4 (beta 4 leads to 4 beta), and a second-order combination of alpha and beta monomers (alpha + beta leads to alpha beta). The analysis showed that buffer conditions affected the dissociation of the beta 4 rather than the monomer combination: The rate of the dissociation of the beta 4 accelerated with decreasing phosphate concentration, while the rate of the monomer combination was less sensitive to the phosphate concentration. This result indicates that the stability of the beta 4 depends on the phosphate concentration. It was furthermore suggested that the inorganic phosphate was bound to the beta 4 with an association constant of 133 M-1 and a Hill coefficient of 1.2. PMID- 6671970 TI - Incorporation of bile acid of low concentration into model and biological membranes studied by 2H and 31P NMR. AB - We have analyzed the manner of incorporation of bile acid into lipid bilayers and resultant perturbation of the bilayer structure with lower bile acid/lipid ratios relevant to the physiological conditions (approximately 1 mM) by 2H and 31P NMR methods, as an aid to understanding the possible role as an endogenous tumor promoter in colon cancer besides the primary physiological function of solubilizing lipids. On the basis of the 2H quadrupole splittings of [6,6,7,7,8 2H5]deoxycholate and [11,11,12,12-2H4]chenodeoxycholate in the presence of lamellar multibilayers of egg yolk lecithin, these bile acids were found to be incorporated in such a manner that the B-D rings lie parallel with the normal of the bilayers when the ratio of the bile acid to lipid is low (less than 0.11). When the ratio is increased, these bile acid molecules are not dispersed entirely in the bilayer but aggregate to form micelles with lipids. Further, we studied the resultant perturbation of the multibilayers of egg yolk lecithin analyzed by using the 2H quadrupole splitting of [18,18,18-2H3]stearic acid as a probe and by 31P chemical shift anisotropy. We found that the bilayer structure is retained even at the bile acid-to-lipid ratio of 0.25, although a small amount of an isotropic phase appeared such as small vesicles and micelles. The molecular ordering of fatty acyl chains was rather enhanced by the presence of 1 mM deoxycholate in erythrocyte ghosts as seen from the 2H quadrupole splitting of [16,16,16-2H3]palmitic acid, although deoxycholate caused hemolysis in this condition. The former observation can be explained by the way the lipid-protein interaction is modified by deoxycholate located in the interface between the lipids and proteins. PMID- 6671971 TI - Prolidase from bovine intestine: purification and characterization. AB - Prolidase [iminodipeptidase, EC 3.4.13.9] was highly purified from the cytosol fraction of bovine small intestine by a series of column chromatographies on DEAE Toyopearl, Sephadex G-150, PCMB-T-Sepharose and hydroxyapatite. The purified enzyme appeared homogeneous as judged by disc gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was most active at pH 7.2 with Gly-Pro as substrate. It was stable between pH 5.5 and 8.5 for 30 min at 30 degrees C and retained half of the activity after 15 min at 40 degrees C. It was completely inactivated by p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) but not inhibited by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP), phenylmethane sulfonylfluoride (PMSF) and metal chelators. Its amino acid composition was determined. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 116,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 and 56,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis, suggesting that it is a dimer. It hydrolyzed dipeptides represented as X-Pro (X = amino acid). PMID- 6671973 TI - Purification and characterization of peptidylarginine deiminase from rabbit skeletal muscle. AB - The preceding paper described the identification and some properties of peptidylarginine deiminase, which catalyzes the deimination of arginyl residues in protein, from rabbit skeletal muscle, kidney, brain, and lung. In the present work we purified peptidylarginine deiminase from rabbit skeletal muscle with a 16% yield by 7 steps. The purification involved ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-0.5 m, and affinity chromatography on soybean trypsin inhibitor-Sepharose 4B and aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B. The purified enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with and without sodium dodecyl sulfate. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 83,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 130,000-140,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The isoelectric point was 5.3 and the amino acid composition was also determined. The enzyme preferably catalyzed the formation of citrulline derivatives from arginine derivatives in which both the amino and carboxyl groups were substituted and showed the highest activity towards Bz-L-Arg-O-Et among the arginine derivatives tested. The Km value for Bz-L-Arg-O-Et was found to be 0.50 X 10(-3) M. The enzyme also showed marked activities towards native protein substrates, such as protamine sulfate, soybean trypsin inhibitor, histone and bovine serum albumin. PMID- 6671972 TI - Muscle beta-actinin inhibits elongation of the pointed end of the actin filaments of brush border microvilli. AB - By using isolated actin bundles of brush border microvilli of chicken intestinal epithelial cells, it was clearly visualized that muscle beta-actinin caps the pointed end of an actin filament, whereas cytochalasin D masks the barbed end. The growth rate at the barbed end in the presence of beta-actinin was markedly slower than in its absence. PMID- 6671974 TI - Further fractionation of basic proline-rich peptides from human parotid saliva and complete amino acid sequence of basic proline-rich peptide P-H. AB - Three basic proline-rich peptides were newly isolated from human parotid saliva, and designated as P-G, P-H, and P-I. The amino acid sequence of P-H was determined to be Ser-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gly-Pro-Pro-Gln-Gln-Glu-Gly-Asn-Asn- Pro-Gln-Gly-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asn-Pro-Gln-Gln-Pro-Gln-Ala-Pro-Pro- Ala Gly-Gln-Pro-Gln-Gly-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gln-Gly-Gly-Arg-Pro-Ser-Arg-Pro- Pro-Gln by conventional methods. The amino terminal ten residues of P-H were the same as those of proline-rich peptides P-D, P-E, and P-F reported previously. Comparison of the amino acid sequences between P-H and P-D revealed that there are two deletion parts and several amino acid substitutions in the sequence of P-H. Homology between P-H and P-D was as high as 70%. PMID- 6671975 TI - Studies on subunit assembly of broad bean legumin in a reconstitution system. AB - The constituent subunits of 11S globulin of broad bean, legumin, were separated into basic subunits (BS, a mixture of BSI, BSII, and BSIII) and acidic subunits (ASI, ASII, and ASIII). The 11S components were formed in reconstitution reactions from combinations of BS and one or two each of the acidic subunits. The reconstituted 11S components were similar to the native legumin; they all consisted of acidic (A) and basic (B) subunits linked by disulfide bridges in the ratio of 1:1 and had the 6 (AB) structure. In the reconstitution of 11S components, ASI preferentially selected BSI from among the three kinds of BS, and ASII and ASIII exhibited selectivities for BSII and BSIII, respectively. The same selectivities were observed in the reconstitution reaction containing all subunits and in the renaturation reaction from the reduced-denatured state. The selectivity of each acidic subunit for basic subunits coincides with the combination of acidic and basic subunits in the native legumin. The 11S component was reconstituted from any combination of the intermediary subunits examined. This may be one of the reasons for the occurrence of heterogeneity of legumin molecular species. PMID- 6671976 TI - Interaction of hapten-sensitized liposomes with cells bearing hapten-specific receptors. AB - The binding of liposomes sensitized with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-6-N aminocaproylphosphatidylethanolamine (DNP-Cap-PE) to MOPC-315 cells, which secrete and bear on their surfaces anti-DNP immunoglobulins, was studied. The binding was affected by cholesterol content, phospholipid composition and hapten density of liposomes: The binding of distearoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes sensitized with 5 mol% hapten to the cells increased with increasing cholesterol content in liposomes. The amount of liposomes composed of phospholipid with a higher transition temperature (such as distearoylphosphatidylcholine), which bound to MOPC-315 cells, was much higher than that of liposomes composed of phospholipid with a lower transition temperature (such as egg yolk phosphatidylcholine). The amount of distearoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes containing equimolar cholesterol, which bound to the cells at 0 degrees C, increased with increasing amount of the hapten in liposomes up to 2.5 mol%. The binding became maximum at 2.5 mol% and decreased with higher hapten density in liposomes. The immunogenicity of hapten-sensitized liposomes is known to be affected by the liposomal composition such as cholesterol content, phospholipid composition and hapten density. This model study suggests that the binding of liposomes to cells is important for expressing the immunogenicity of hapten sensitized liposomes. PMID- 6671977 TI - Heparin as an inhibitor of L-arginyl-tRNA: protein arginyltransferase. AB - Heparin, a naturally occurring mucopolysaccharide, was found to be a potent inhibitor of L-arginyl-tRNA:protein arginyltransferase [EC 2.3.2.8]. It was demonstrated that heparin was not an acceptor of arginine, but an inhibitor competing with arginyl-tRNA. The Ki value of heparin was 1.5 microM, while the Km value of arginyl-tRNA was 0.5 microM. The inhibition was specific for heparin among the mucopolysaccharides examined. The N-sulfate groups were indispensable for heparin to inhibit the arginyltransferase activity. Arginyltransferases from various origins were commonly inhibited by heparin. Polyamines such as spermine and spermidine were also found to inhibit the transferase activity, competing with arginyl-tRNA. An extremely high specific activity of 2.3 mumol/min/mg was achieved by the application of these inhibitors to the purification of the transferase by affinity chromatography. PMID- 6671978 TI - The separation of neutral glycosphingolipids from mammalian erythrocytes by droplet counter-current chromatography (DCC). AB - In a previous paper (Otsuka, H. & Yamakawa, T. (1981) J. Biochem. 90, 247-254), we reported the separation of acidic glycolipids by droplet counter-current chromatography using 500 columns with a commercially available DCC apparatus and described the precise conditions of the separation. In this paper, separation of neutral glycolipids from rabbit and human erythrocytes by DCC is described. For efficient separation of neutral glycolipids, addition of a definite amount of benzene was required. The solvent system of chloroform: benzene: methanol: water = 50: 50: 70: 20 gave clear separation of these glycolipids and further modification of this solvent system to chloroform: benzene: methanol: water = 50: 25: 65: 30 gave satisfactory results for the separation of Globoside I from human erythrocytes due to the difference between the amide linked fatty acids. Also under the same conditions, the clear separation of two peaks with blood group A activity was demonstrated by a hemagglutination inhibition test. PMID- 6671979 TI - Expression of GM1 and GD1a in mouse liver is linked to the H-2 complex on chromosome 17. AB - GM2 containing NeuGc was a major ganglioside in the liver of most inbred strains of mouse; A/J (H-2a), C57BL/10 (H-2b), BALB/c (H-2d), C3H/He (H-2k), etc., but GM1(NeuGc) and GD1a(NeuGc) in addition to GM2(NeuGc) were detected in the liver of several strains such as SWM/Ms, SJL/J (H-2s), SL/QDJ (H-2s), SWR/J (H-2s), PL/J (H-2u), and RFM/Ms (H-2f) and a wild-derived strain as well, M. Cas-Qzn (H 2wc1, tentative designation). GM1(NeuGc) and GD1a(NeuGc) were also expressed in the liver of several strains of H-2 congenic mouse; B10. Cas-Qzn (H-2wc1), B10.S (H-2s), B10.G (H-2q), A.SW/Sn (H-2s), and C3H.JK (H-2j), although the respective inbred-partner strains had only GM2(NeuGc) as a major component. This difference of the ganglioside composition between H-2 congenic and inbred-partner strains suggests that a gene for expression of GM1(NeuGc) and GD1a(NeuGc) is closely linked to the H-2 complex. The locus was mapped at the left outside the H-2 complex on chromosome 17 by analysis of H-2 recombinant mice. PMID- 6671980 TI - The characterization of 2,3-alkanediol diacyl esters obtained from the Harderian glands of Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). AB - A major lipid class in the Harderian glands of the Mongolian gerbil was investigated. The IR and 1H-NMR spectra suggested that it was a wax-like compound. Fatty acids present were capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, and behenic acids in ratios of 3.0%, 16.3%, 16.5%, 29.5%, 5.1%, 16.4%, and 9.8%, respectively. Odd-numbered, branched chain and unsaturated fatty acids were not present in large amounts. The structure of the alcohol moiety was elucidated to be 2,3-alkanediol with carbon chain lengths from C12 to C22 by GC MS of the TMS and isopropylidine derivatives. Lemieux-von Rudloff oxidation of these alcohols confirmed the 2,3-diol structure, giving fatty acids two carbon units shorter. PMID- 6671981 TI - Interaction of alkali light chain 1 with actin: effect of ionic strength on the cross-linking of alkali light chain 1 with actin. AB - To determine the spatial relationship between alkali light chain and actin in the actosubfragment-1 complex, we studied the cross-linking of actin and subfragment 1 with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide. We found that (a) alkali light chain 1 was cross-linked to actin at two sites in the extrapeptide region, and (b) cross-linking of these two sites, especially the one which was very close to the NH2 terminal of the alkali light chain, to actin was inhibited drastically when the KCl concentration was increased from 0 to 100 mM. Since the inhibition of cross-linking with carbodiimide reagent means separation of amino and carboxyl groups in alkali light chain and actin, we suggest that this decrease in electrostatic attraction is the reason why subfragment-1 with alkali light chain 1 has higher affinity to actin than subfragment-1 with alkali light chain 2 at low ionic strength but has almost the same affinity at moderate ionic strength. PMID- 6671982 TI - Preparation of native connectin from chicken breast muscle. AB - Connectin, an elastic protein of striated muscle, was isolated in a native state from chicken breast muscle. Myofibrils were well washed with 5 mM NaHCO3 and extracted with 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 5.6. After washing with water, myofibrils were extracted with 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 6.6. The filtrate contained native connectin. The yield of connectin was as high as 200 mg, starting from 50 g of muscle. Since connectin had been isolated only in a denatured state before, the new preparation method enables investigation of possible interactions of connectin with other myofibrillar structural proteins. PMID- 6671983 TI - Steady flow development past valve prostheses in a model human aorta. I. Centrally occluding valves. AB - In this paper, laser-Doppler anemometry measurement of steady flow development in a model human aorta has been reported. Studies were made with uniform entry flow at the root of the aorta and our measurements showed the establishment of a pair of Dean vortices in the mid-arch region. Subsequently, the nature of flow development past centrally occluding caged ball valves in the model aorta was investigated. Our studies showed that in the ascending aorta, an asymmetric velocity profile is obtained with larger velocity gradients towards the inner wall of tertiary curvature (anatomically the left lateral wall) with centrally occluding valves. The peripheral flow past these valves prevented the development of Dean vortices in the mid-arch region. The caged ball valves at the root of the aorta had no discernible effect on the velocity profiles in the brachio-cephalic artery. PMID- 6671984 TI - Steady flow development past valve prostheses in a model human aorta. II. Tilting disc valves. AB - The flow development in the model human aorta with uniform entry as well as with centrally occluding valves mounted at the root of the aorta was described in Part I of this two-paper sequence. Part II deals with the flow development in the model aorta with tilting disc valves mounted at the root of the aorta. Bjork Shiley and Hall-Kaster tilting disc valves were mounted in three different orientations with respect to the root of the aorta. The velocity profiles and turbulent stresses were measured with laser-Doppler anemometry. Our results under steady flow conditions in the model human aorta show quantitatively that the flow development in the ascending aorta as well as in the brachio-cephalic artery are strongly dependent on the orientation of the tilting disc valves. With the valves tilting towards the outer wall of curvature, our results suggest a tendency for flow separation at the flow divider region of the brachio-cephalic artery. PMID- 6671985 TI - A dynamometer for the measurement of the extension torque of the lower leg during static and dynamic contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscle. AB - A dynamometer which makes an angular movement is described. The dynamometer enables the measurement of the extension torque of the lower leg at different knee angles during static and slow concentric and eccentric contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The influence of gravity on the measured torque signal can be compensated for by another signal representing the angular movement. The application of the dynamometer is demonstrated by giving an example of measurement. PMID- 6671986 TI - Flow disturbance measurements through a constricted tube at moderate Reynolds numbers. AB - Instantaneous velocities in the field distal to contoured axisymmetric stenoses were measured with a laser Doppler anemometer. Upstream flow conditions were steady and spanned a range of Reynolds numbers from 500 to 2000. Autocorrelation functions and spectra of the velocity were employed to describe the nature of fluid dynamic disturbances. Depending upon the degree of stenosis and the Reynolds number, the flow field contained disturbances of a discrete oscillation frequency, of a turbulent nature, or both. If turbulence was detected in a given experiment, it was always preceded upstream by velocity oscillations at discrete frequency arising from vortex shedding. For mild degrees of stenosis (50% area reduction or less) the intensity of flow disturbances was relatively low until the Reynolds number exceeded 1000, thus highlighting difficulties to be expected in employing flow disturbance detection as a diagnostic tool in the recognition of early atherosclerosis in major arteries. In view of the relatively high noise levels inherent in noninvasive Doppler ultrasound systems employed clinically, it seems unlikely that detection of stenosis of less than 50% area reduction is feasible unless the Reynolds numbers exceed 1000 or unless pulsatility introduces new unsteady flow features beyond those studied here. PMID- 6671987 TI - The mechanical properties of human tibial trabecular bone as a function of metaphyseal location. AB - Experimental determination of the elastic modulus and ultimate strength of human tibial trabecular bone as a function of metaphyseal location is presented. A 1 cm cubic matrix with planes parallel to the subchondral plate was defined on five fresh frozen cadaver tibias. Approximately 400, 7 mm X 10 mm cylindrical bone plugs were cut from the locations defined by the matrix and tested in uniaxial compressive stress at a strain rate of 0.1%S-1. Results of the study indicate that the trabecular bone properties vary as much as two orders of magnitude from one location to another. As might be predicted from Wolff's law, and noted by previous investigators, concentrations of strength arise from the medial and lateral metaphyseal cortices toward the major medial and lateral contact regions. These results may be valuable for improved analytical modeling and optimal prosthetic design. PMID- 6671988 TI - The mechanical characteristics of cancellous bone at the upper femoral region. AB - Mechanical behaviour of trabecular bone at the upper femoral region of human bones has been studied by compression tests on trabecular bone specimens removed from normal femora obtained at autopsy. Compression tests were performed along three different axes of loading on wet specimens and high loading rates. Femoral head specimens proved to be the strongest for any axis of loading. Large variation in compressive strength and modulus of elasticity is seen within and between femoral bone samples. Anisotropy and differences in anisotropy for the different regions have been observed. A significant correlation between mechanical properties (sigma max - E) and bone mineral content of the specimen was found. Tests on whole bone structures demonstrate that removal of the central part of the trabecular bone at the proximal femur reduces the strength for impact loading considerably (+/- 50%). PMID- 6671989 TI - Invariance of ankle dynamic stiffness during fatiguing muscle contractions. AB - Our objective was to determine the effect of muscle fatigue on the dynamic stiffness of the human ankle. Four subjects were required to maintain constant force contractions of tibialis anterior until the required force could no longer be maintained. Repeated pseudo-random displacements of ankle angular position were applied throughout each contraction. The dynamic relation between ankle angular position and ankle torque was identified by determining non-parametric compliance impulse response functions (CIRFs). The CIRFs were redetermined every 2.55S throughout the sustained contractions to provide a quantitative measure of changes in ankle stiffness dynamics. Inspection of these CIRFS revealed little change in shape or magnitude throughout the contractions, despite large increases in tibialis anterior EMG. The dynamics were further quantified by estimating the equivalent joint inertia, viscosity and elasticity associated with each CIRF. As each contraction progressed, the inertial and elastic terms remained constant whereas the viscous term decreased slightly. These findings demonstrate that fatigue of tibialis anterior during sustained constant mean force contractions results in little change in the mechanical dynamics of the human ankle. PMID- 6671990 TI - Ventilation inhomogeneity: alveolar mechanics and gas distribution. AB - The effects of regional lung differences in alveolar mechanics on the transpulmonary pressure-volume (Ptp-V) relationship and the single-breath washout (SBW) of nitrogen were investigated by mathematical modeling and postmorten human lung experiments. Regional nonuniformity in alveolar collapse and re-opening were associated with differences in gravitational stress or elasticity. Model simulations predict that neither type of regional nonuniformity qualitatively affects the shape of the Ptp-V curve, but does affect the terminal (or small volume) portion of the SBW. Comparisons of characteristics of the Ptp-V and SBW curves indicate that regional nonuniformity in alveolar collapse is an important mechanism associated with ventilation inhomogeneity. PMID- 6671991 TI - Influence of mitoxantrone on nucleic acid synthesis on the T-47D breast tumor cell line. AB - Mitoxantrone exerts growth inhibitory effects, suppresses [3H]-thymidine as well as [3H]-uridine incorporation, and induces ultrastructural alterations in T-47D human breast tumor cells. At low concentration (10(-9)M) the drug induced little effect on cell proliferation; cell growth kinetics were inhibited at a concentration of 10(-5)M. [3H]-thymidine and [3H]-uridine incorporation declined rapidly at the concentrations tested (10(-9), 10(-7), and 10(-5) M), revealing a potent effect on metabolic activity of the cultured cells. The sharpest decline in DNA and RNA synthesis occurred within the first 2 hr of drug treatment. Serial ultrastructural examinations indicated definitive alterations in chromatin structure, disintegration of nucleolar components as early as 2 hr after drug treatment, and complete segregation of nucleolar components following 8-hr exposure to concentrations of the drug between 10(-5) and 10(-7) M. A distinct increase in the density of mitochrondrial matrix was evident. The in vitro data presented in this report demonstrate the growth inhibitory and antimetabolic effects of mitoxantrone on human breast tumor cells and suggest that the drug may be a promising antitumor agent. PMID- 6671992 TI - Radioiodination studies of the envelopes from Xenopus laevis eggs. AB - To investigate the molecular basis of the observed morphological and biological characteristics of coelomic egg envelopes (CE), vitelline envelopes (VE), and fertilization envelopes (FE) of Xenopus laevis eggs, envelopes were radioiodinated under a variety of conditions: in situ, isolated and intact, or solubilized. The distribution of 125I in envelope components was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Each envelope type displayed unique profiles when iodinated in the intact state. A major constituent of VE, the 41,500 molecular weight component, was not labeled in the intact state, although the corresponding component of CE was heavily labeled. After dissociation of the envelope by guanidine-HCl or sodium dodecyl sulfate, all of the components could be radioiodinated. However, when the envelopes (VE and FE) were dissolved by heating and subsequently radioiodinated by lactoperoxidase, the resulting radioactivity profile was similar to that of the intact envelopes, suggesting that in the heat-dissolved envelope, the individual components retain similar structural relations as in the intact envelope. Quantitative but not qualitative differences were found between the inner and outer aspects of VE and FE. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to what is known about the morphological, biological, and molecular properties of the envelopes. PMID- 6671993 TI - Nuclear protein changes following N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-induced maturation. AB - A human colonic carcinoma cell line was exposed to a nontoxic concentration of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) for 2 wk. Nuclear proteins were isolated from control and treated cells and compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) electrophoresis. Qualitative and quantitative differences were observed. Metabolic labeling with tritiated leucine demonstrated qualitative variation between control and treated cells. PMID- 6671994 TI - Primary photochemistry in the facultative green photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. AB - The mechanism of primary photochemistry has been investigated in purified cytoplasmic membranes and isolated reaction centers of Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Redox titrations on the cytoplasmic membranes indicate that the midpoint redox potential of P870, the primary electron donor bacteriochlorophyll, is +362 mV. An early electron acceptor, presumably menaquinone has Em 8.1 = -50 mV, and a tightly bound photooxidizable cytochrome c554 has Em 8.1 = +245 mV. The isolated reaction center has a bacteriochlorophyll to bacteriopheophytin ratio of 0.94:1. A two-quinone acceptor system is present, and is inhibited by o-phenanthroline. Picosecond transient absorption and kinetic measurements indicate the bacteriopheophytin and bacteriochlorophyll form an earlier electron acceptor complex. PMID- 6671995 TI - [Supraceliac anterograde revascularization of the visceral arteries]. AB - Supraceliac revascularization of digestive (38 cases) and renal (12 cases) arteries, was performed in 50 patients between 1976 and 1982. Excluding acute ischemic lesions of the digestive arteries, and acute aortic thrombosis in one case, there was no postoperative mortality and only one case of late occlusion of an aortoceliac shunt. Short-and long-term follow-up examinations failed to reveal any morphologic or hemodynamic alterations. Implantation of the shunt in a zone that avoids the atheroma and the anterograde mode of revascularization appear to provide favorable results, this method being therefore competitive with conventional techniques. PMID- 6671996 TI - [Acute pancreatitis: severity factors. Retrospective analysis of 78 cases]. AB - Retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory findings was undertaken in 78 patients in which pancreatitis was confirmed pathologically. In our experience, severity factors are as follows: age over 55 years and, during the first 48 hours, fall in haematocrit of more than 10%, corrected plasma calcium lower than 8 mg %, plasma creatinine greater than 30 mg/1, hypoxia less than 60 mm Hg, resistant to assisted ventilation, liquid sequestration more than 6 litres. These objective parameters define the group of patients who, in our experience, should derive benefit from new suggested forms of treatment. PMID- 6671997 TI - [Thoracic outlet syndrome. Apropos of 112 cases: toward a more refined tactical approach]. AB - A total of 112 operations were performed in 87 patients with a cervicobrachial syndrome, 25 with bilateral lesions, over a period of 8 years. Surgery was reserved for severe or complicated cases. Presenting signs were complex and intricated in 53 p. cent of cases, with neurological lesions predominating. Absence of radial pulse after 90 degrees abduction of the arm, present in 87 p. cent of patients, is not a specific diagnostic test as positive results are obtained in over one-third of a normal population. Electromyography confirmed clinical lesions of the brachial plexus in only one out of 8 cases. A more precise and more sensitive procedure for electromyographic exploration of the plexus was therefore established. Dynamic arteriography of the upper limbs was not conducted routinely (70 p. cent of cases), but was reserved for arterial, neuro-arterial, and arterial and venous forms. The axillary approach was used exclusively (94 times), between 1974 and 1980. However, the frequency of postoperative complications (10 p. cent), and the high level of poor or incomplete results (19.5 p. cent) led to the reestablishment of the supraclavicular route of approach. The latter is used preferentially in neurological forms (57 p. cent of cases in this series) in cases requiring correction of an arterial lesion (aneurysm, ulcerated plaque), or when a cervical rib or apophysomegalia of the 7th cervical vertebra is associated. PMID- 6671998 TI - [Treatment of 282 cases of urinary stress incontinence by retropubic colpopexy to Cooper's ligaments]. AB - 282 patients have undergone colpopexy to cooper ligament: 184 patients with genital prolapse treatment by abdominal approach, 18 patients with total hysterectomy for bening disease, 80 patients without any surgical procedure. Clinical survey was completed, for some patients, especially for the fifteen second-hand patients, by uretrocolpocystogram and/or urodynamic explorations. Functional results are equal to other works and seem to little decrease at a five year's notice. 8.5% of patients have had urinary urgencies. Failures seem more related with wrong indication than wrong surgical technic. The use of urinary studies might achieve for the difficult cases a better selection of patients for surgery and improvement of results. PMID- 6671999 TI - [Partial nodular transformation of the liver with portal hypertension. A new case. Review of the literature]. AB - Based on a case of partial nodular transformation of the liver (PNT) with portal hypertension and splenic microaneurysms in a 24 year old man, the authors review the literature on this subject which only consists of 7 female cases. The authors point out the rarity of this entity which, together with hyperplastic nodular regeneration, is one of the causes of the essential portal hypertension syndrome. They stress the early onset of this disease (mean age of 35 years), on the severity of its clinical course and on the surgical possibilities of porto-caval shunts. The pathogenesis of PNT remains unknown. PMID- 6672000 TI - [Esophagectomy without thoracotomy in cancer of the esophagus. Apropos of 10 cases]. AB - Esophagectomy without thoracotomy was performed in 10 cases of cancer of the esophagus, whatever its site of origin. Advantages of this procedure include the absence of a third right thoracic approach and of secondary hemostatis, complications, the cervical anastomosis, and the ascension of the gastroplasty into the esophageal bed. Though less carcinolytic than excision through a thoracic approach, this technique provides identical survival with a lower mortality and a very reduced morbidity. This therapeutic strategy could represent progress for patients who usually have generalized spread of the disease at the time of diagnosis. PMID- 6672001 TI - [Recurrence after vagotomy for duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6672002 TI - Identification of long chain dicarboxylic acids in the serum of two patients with Reye's syndrome. AB - Sera from two patients with Reye's Syndrome were analysed by computerized capillary gas chromatography--mass spectrometry profiling techniques. The most striking abnormalities were the accumulation of long chain dicarboxylic acids. Four saturated dicarboxylic acids (dodecanedioic, tetradecanedioic, hexadecanedioic, and octadecanedioic), and six unsaturated long chain dicarboxylic acids (dodecenedioic, tetradecenedioic, tetradecadienedioic, hexadecenedioic, octadecadienedioic, and octadecenedioic) were identified. The C16 and C13 dicarboxylic acids have never been reported for Reye's Syndrome or any other dicarboxylic acidemias. The data might reflect marked increase of extramitochondrial omega-oxidation of long chain fatty acids or impaired metabolism of omega-dicarboxylic acids formed in Reye's patients. PMID- 6672004 TI - Gas chromatographic method for the determination of the lower volatile alcohols in rat blood and in human stool specimens on a fused silica capillary column. AB - A method is described for the simultaneous quantitation of the lower volatile alcohols in stool specimens and rat blood. The addition of potassium carbonate to the assay mixture markedly increased the sensitivity in the detection of these compounds. The method is shown to be simple and reproducible and is suitable for following the metabolism of ethanol in human stool specimens. PMID- 6672003 TI - Measurement of progabide and its deaminated metabolite in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. AB - Progabide (4- [[(4-chlorophenyl-5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenol)-methylene] amino] butanamide) and its deaminated metabolite were measured simultaneously in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Both compounds were extracted from plasma and the molecules were stabilized at the methylene--amino double bond with sodium borohydride reduction. Oxidative electrochemical detection was used for final quantitation. The method was used to measure progabide and progabide acid in plasma from a healthy volunteer who received a single 1200-mg dose of progabide orally. Lower limits of detection for progabide and progabide acid were 30 and 15 ng/ml, respectively. Coefficient of variation was less than 5% for both compounds. PMID- 6672005 TI - Identification and quantitation of a metabolite of anethol dithiolthione in rat and mouse urine using high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Urine samples from rats and mice fed anethol dithiolthione (ADT) [3-(p methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dithiol-3-thione] were analyzed using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Urine was introduced directly on the liquid chromatograph which was modified by replacing the sample loop with a guard column. Highly polar urine components were washed off the guard column prior to chromatography. A major metabolite and the parent compound (ADT) were separated and detected using the chromatographic conditions described in this study. The metabolite was identified as desmethyl ADT. The identification was based on co chromatography on two columns using two mobile phases and peak height ratios of the metabolite and the reference standard. Data pertaining to the pattern of excretion of ADT and desmethyl ADT in the animals studied are reported. PMID- 6672006 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cefoperazone in human serum and urine. AB - A gradient high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure has been developed for the determination of microgram amounts of cefoperazone in human serum and urine. The method employs a muBondapak C18 column and gradient elution with two mobile phases. Excellent separation of the drug from potential degradation products as well as from representative penicillins (sodium ampicillin, sodium methicillin, potassium penicillin G) and aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin, kanamycin) has been demonstrated. Coefficients of variation of 7.3% or less were obtained for 25-100 micrograms/ml cefoperazone in both serum and urine. Average recoveries of the drug from spiked serum and urine samples corresponded to 97.6% and 98.6%, respectively. Amounts as low as 1 microgram cefoperazone per ml of sample can be estimated using sample volumes corresponding to 0.1 ml serum or 1 ml urine. Good correlation between the HPLC assay and a microbiological cylinder-plate assay employing Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 has been demonstrated for human serum and urine of patients treated with cefoperazone. While the microbiological method is less time-consuming, it lacks specificity in the presence of other antibiotics. The HPLC method can be used to analyze cefoperazone in the presence of penicillins and aminoglycosides which can potentially be co-administered with cefoperazone. PMID- 6672007 TI - Quantitative thin-layer chromatography for routine determination of nomifensine and its metabolites in human urine. AB - For pharmacokinetic studies with nomifensine, a thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) assay for human urine was introduced. Following acid cleavage of the N glucuronides, nomifensine and its three main metabolites (M1, M2 and M3) were extracted at pH 10. An aliquot was transferred on to a silica gel plate. After chromatography, irradiation led to intense fluorescent yellow products, which were evaluated using a chromatogram spectrophotometer. Calibration graphs were defined by single parameters of non-linearity. The method is practicable, selective and accurate with detection limits of 0.2 micrograms/ml in urine for the four compounds of interest and can be used for assaying samples up to 24 h following dosage. Total nomifensine urine levels correlated well with those determined by a previous radioimmunoassay method. From cumulative excretions of nomifensine, complete relative bioavailability of a capsule formulation vs. oral solution was shown. Further, sex independence of urine excretion was demonstrated. Pharmacokinetic data were computed using a two-compartment open model for nomifensine and its potent metabolite M1 or a one-compartment open model for M2 and M3. PMID- 6672008 TI - Lipophilic ion exchangers for group separation of conjugated metabolites of xenobiotics. PMID- 6672009 TI - Application of anion-exchange column chromatography for determination of alkaline phosphatase activity using 2'-AMP or 3'-AMP as substrate. PMID- 6672011 TI - Simultaneous determination of hippuric acid and o-, m- and p-methylhippuric acids in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6672010 TI - Separation and quantitation of plasma lipoproteins by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6672012 TI - Gas-liquid chromatography of free amino acids in the cytosol of mammalian atrium and ventricle of the heart. AB - N-Trifluoroacetyl n-butyl ester derivatives of amino acids were studied. The investigations, carried out on random slaughter-house material, were based on the results of histological and biochemical differences between the atrium and ventricle of the mammalian heart muscle. The data indicate a high level of glutamic acid, and a predominance of tyrosine in the atrium and phenylalanine in the ventricle. The results provide evidence for metabolic differences between the atrium and the ventricle of the heart. This finding may have some significance in heart muscle defects. PMID- 6672013 TI - Measurement of 2-amino-N-(1,1-dimethylhexyl)acetamide (A643C), an investigative antidepressant, in plasma by electron-capture gas chromatography. PMID- 6672014 TI - Morphine analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6672015 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of practolol in plasma. PMID- 6672016 TI - Determination of lodoxamide in plasma using ion-pairing and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6672017 TI - Paired-ion extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of diminazene in plasma. PMID- 6672018 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of phenylbutazone in bovine milk with special reference to the fat content in milk. PMID- 6672019 TI - Rapid and simple determination of carprofen in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 6672020 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 2-beta-D ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide in urine and plasma. PMID- 6672021 TI - High-performance thin-layer chromatographic assay for the routine determination of piroxicam in plasma, urine and tissue. PMID- 6672022 TI - Analysis of phospholipids in human semen by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive method for the separation of phospholipids by a high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure is described. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a 25-cm column packed with Bio-Sil HP-10 coupled with a pre-column packed with Si-100 Polyol. Phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine were completely separated and quantitated. The eluted phospholipids were monitored at 203 nm. The method was shown to be applicable to the analysis of phospholipids from human semen. PMID- 6672023 TI - Quantitative analysis of aminophospholipids by high-performance liquid chromatography using succinimidyl 2-naphthoxyacetate as a fluorescent label. AB - A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the quantitative analysis of ethanolamine- and serine-containing phospholipids in tissue is described. The technique involves reaction of lipid extracts with succinimidyl 2-naphthoxyacetate to give fluorescent derivatives of aminophospholipids. Reaction products are separated by a silica gel column with gradient elution. The eluate is monitored by fluorescence detection at 228 nm (excitation) and 342 nm (emission). Ethanolamine and serine plasmalogens can be measured indirectly by converting their derivatives into lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylserine derivatives with exposure to hydrogen chloride fumes. The method is highly sensitive and selective. PMID- 6672024 TI - Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of catecholamines in rat brain using a laser fluorimetric detection system. AB - A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of catecholamines in rat brains has been developed using a fluorescence detector equipped with a continuous wave laser as an excitation light source. A new pre purification and derivatization method was established and confirmed to be useful for the determination of catecholamines in biological samples. This pre-treatment method was simple, reproducible and specific. About 1 mg of the rat brain tissue was enough to determine catecholamines levels. The levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in rat brain were 0.40 and 0.87 ng, respectively, which agree with the findings of other workers. PMID- 6672025 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the analysis of human parathyroid hormone in reference standards, parathyroid tissue and biological fluids. AB - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been used to fractionate human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) from a variety of natural sources and to compare it with synthetic hPTH and hPTH fragments. Multiple radioimmunoassay systems for amino, mid and carboxyl regions of hPTH were used to monitor various preparations of hPTH previously prepared by conventional methods and ampouled in nanogram amounts for reference standard and reagent purposes. Results confirmed that they were free of detectable cleavage products, but showed that the intact hPTH comprised three or four closely associated components. A similar pattern of heterogeneity was obtained when hPTH was extracted from stored human parathyroid adenomata by a simple rapid HPLC bulk fractionation method. Comparison with synthetic 1-84 hPTH and modification of sample handling to minimize oxidative conditions, indicate that some of these components are probably intermediate oxidation products. A number of less hydrophobic components, with carboxyl region immunoreactivities, were obtained from the individual adenoma samples, human parathyroid cyst fluid, ampouled samples of human adenoma tissue culture medium, and secondary hyperparathyroid plasma ultrafiltrate when they were fractionated by RP-HPLC. The results strongly suggest that the biological degradation of hPTH is more complex than generally believed, and that RP-HPLC offers a new dimension in its analysis. PMID- 6672026 TI - Analysis and kinetics of 2,4-dinitrophenol in tissues by capillary gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. AB - Five groups of six ICR mice were orally dosed with 22.5 mg/kg 2,4-dinitrophenol. Groups were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post treatment, and serum, liver, and kidney tissues were collected for analysis of dinitrophenol content. Quantitation was performed via a capillary gas chromatography--mass spectrometry technique after liquid--liquid extraction of biological specimens spiked with a trideuterated dinitrophenol internal standard. Concentration versus time data for each tissue were subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis. Similar two-compartment open models were found to characterize most phases of the disposition of this compound. The kidney appears to maintain a more persistent low concentration of 2,4-dinitrophenol. PMID- 6672027 TI - Determination of nomifensine in human serum. A comparison of high-performance liquid and gas--liquid chromatography. AB - High-performance liquid (HPLC) and gas--liquid chromatographic (GLC) methods for the measurement of the antidepressant nomifensine in human serum were developed and compared for precision, accuracy, sensitivity and convenience. No significant difference was found between these two techniques with regard to sensitivity and precision. Both methods can accurately measure serum nomifensine concentrations down to 8 nmol/1. The coefficient of variation (C.V.) for intra-assay variability of nomifensine was 4.8% (HPLC) and 5.5% (GLC) at 150 nmol/1. The HPLC method proved to be both simpler and more selective than the GLC method. The calibration graph was linear over the range 8-1000 nmol/1 in the HPLC method, but only up to 150 nmol/1 in the GLC method. The selectivity and simplicity of the HPLC method make it useful for both pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic serum level monitoring of nomifensine. The HPLC method was applied to the analysis of serum samples obtained from four healthy individuals receiving therapeutic dosages of nomifensine. PMID- 6672028 TI - Analysis of riboxamide in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography using automated column switching. AB - A sensitive and highly specific assay for riboxamide (TCAR) in human and canine plasma is described. The specificity of the procedure is derived from the method of sample preparation and a high-performance liquid chromatographic separation which utilizes the different selectivities of two columns. Partial separation of TCAR from plasma is achieved on a solvent-generated anion exchanger with silica gel as the solid support. The separation is completed by switching the eluent fraction containing TCAR from the first column to a second solvent-generated anion exchanger which has ODS-silica as its support. The relationship between the amount of drug injected and its peak height was linear over wide ranges of concentrations (0-10 micrograms/ml) and injection volumes (20-200 microliter). The limit of detection for TCAR in plasma was 40 ng/ml which can be detected by injecting 200 microliter of processed plasma. The recoveries from plasma were 100.2 +/- 0.9% and 101.3 +/- 2.3% when spiked at the 10 and 1 microgram/ml levels, respectively. The applicability of the method to pharmacokinetic studies was demonstrated by following the plasma levels of TCAR after intravenous administration in the dog. PMID- 6672029 TI - Possibilities and limitations of tracing industrial effluents in the sea by means of capillary chromatography. AB - Certain organic constituents of waste water, such as halocarbons and chlorophenols, can be used to establish the distribution pattern of effluents discharged into the sea. The approach requires simple sampling techniques and highly sensitive and rapid analytical methods. The combination of glass capillary column gas chromatography and electron-capture-detection meets the analytical requirements. The selectivity of the detector, together with the high resolving power of the column, makes it possible to handle the complex sea-water matrix. Selective derivatization directly in the water sample is combined with simultaneous extraction to increase the number of suitable tracers. Halocarbons can be measured at pg/l levels. Chlorophenols are determined at ng/l concentration levels. PMID- 6672030 TI - Occurrence of low- and high-chlorinated phenols in municipal sewage before and after passing through biological treatment plants. AB - Four biological treatment plants for municipal sewage, situated at different locations, were examined for their chlorophenol content and their ability to degrade these compounds. A routine method for the analysis of both low- and high chlorinated phenols was developed, based on gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). The method was evaluated by comparing the GC-ECD results with those obtained by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring of the molecular ions of the specific phenols. The total phenol content, determined by GC-ECD showed a good correlation with the phenol number, obtained by using the 4-aminoantipyrine method. PMID- 6672031 TI - Direct determination of trace amounts of chlorophenols in fresh water, waste water and sea water. AB - Chlorophenols were acetylated and the derivatives extracted by the simultaneous addition of acetic anhydride and hexane directly to the water sample. The extracts were then analysed by glass capillary column gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Determination of chlorinated phenols at micrograms/l concentration levels requires only 5 ml of sample. At ng/l levels a 100-ml sample is sufficient. The total time of analysis is 18 min per sample. A comparison between pentafluorobenzoylation and acetylation showed that the acetylated derivatives of chlorophenol isomers separated better on the column. The method has been applied to drinking water, sea water and waste water from a sulphate pulp mill. PMID- 6672032 TI - Amino acid determination by capillary gas chromatography on Chirasil-Val. Enantiomer labelling and nitrogen-selective detection. AB - Amino acid analysis by enantiomer labelling and capillary gas chromatography on Chirasil-Val is superior to conventional gas chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography with respect to sensitivity, accuracy and speed. Employment of an alkali flame-ionization detector allows the selective detection of amino acids and suppression of background peaks; in addition, the detectability of amino acids is enhanced. Most nitrogen-selective detectors require meticulous adjustment of the operating conditions, but in combination with enantiomer labelling this is less critical. Maximum sensitivity and selectivity of the alkali-bead flame-ionization detector is achieved with a minimal flow of hydrogen. When using it as the carrier gas in capillary gas chromatography, flow control instead of the common pressure regulation is recommended to avoid a continuous fall of the baseline during temperature programming. Accurate flow control is achieved with a micro-aperture. The benefit of nitrogen-selective detection is especially apparent for histidine and arginine. PMID- 6672033 TI - Capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric detection of anabolic steroids. AB - A procedure is described for the detection of anabolic steroids in urine by using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method is suitable for doping control and has a sensitivity as low as 1 ppb. The excretion mode and the metabolism of ten commercial anabolic steroids is reported. PMID- 6672034 TI - Procedure for the gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric confirmation of some exogenous growth-promoting compounds in the urine of cattle. AB - As gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is the most conclusive confirmation technique available today for the detection of ppb levels of anabolics in the urine of cattle, the following procedure was used. The urine is hydrolysed with Helix pomatia intestinal juice, extracted, and the extract cleaned by gel permeation chromatography or with Extrelut. In one fraction are eluted diethylstilboestrol, dienoestrol, hexoestrol, methyltestosterone, ethinyloestradiol, zeranol and trenbolone. This fraction is injected into a two dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography system. From the first column, the fraction containing the above-mentioned compounds is transferred to the second column, where a separation into two fractions is obtained. The first fraction contains zeranol and trenbolone, the second fraction the stilbenes, methyltestosterone and ethinyloestradiol. In general, the compounds are derivatized with an N,O-bis (trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide trimethylchlorosilane mixture to a trimethylsilyl derivative. With stilbene, confirmatory derivatization into heptafluorobutyryl derivatives is necessary. In combination with a Finnigan 4000/INCOS system, a CP-Sil-5 CB and a CP-Sil-19 CB capillary are used for final confirmation. Two capillaries with different polarities are necessary to overcome problems with possible interferences from compounds extracted from the urine. Recoveries at the ppb level are better than 80%. PMID- 6672035 TI - Capillary gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters from human milk lipid subclasses. AB - The fatty acid (FA) composition of the human milk lipid subclasses sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and cholesterol esters (CE) were analysed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) on wall-coated open-tubular glass columns. Compared with GC on packed columns, capillary GC was found to be ten times more sensitive (0.1 microgram of each individual FA methyl ester could be quantified), and the time needed for the analysis could be reduced by a factor of five. The reproducibility of the analysis was good relative standard deviation (4 7%) and comparable to that obtained by packed column GC. PMID- 6672036 TI - Steroid profiles of body fluids other than urine, obtained by capillary gas chromatography. AB - Steroid profiling by capillary gas chromatography has been applied to the analysis of free and conjugated steroids in serum, ovarian follicles, lutein cyst and peritoneal fluids. Sep-Pak C18 octadecylsilica was used for extraction, whereas the separation of free and different conjugates was accomplished by successive hydrolysis and liquid extraction steps. PMID- 6672037 TI - Computer-aided evaluation of gastric proteoglycans by high-resolution gas chromatography. AB - A convenient procedure is described for the simultaneous separation and identification of monosaccharides and aminomonosaccharides constituting the proteoglycans of gastric mucosa. Computer assistance was used to obtain significant information from gas chromatographic data on proteoglycan modifications induced by anti-inflammatory drugs. Glass capillary chromatography was used for the separation and identification of saccharides and aminomonosaccharides of hydrolyzed mucus samples scraped from the stomachs of control and treated rats. The data, transmitted to a 48 K personal computer, were processed to obtain three-dimensional probability density functions or subjected to factor analysis to evaluate the suitability of the method to evidence modifications at the proteoglycan level induced by drugs, orally administered to rats. Indomethacin, zolimidine and acetylsalicylic acid were used as models for the applications. PMID- 6672038 TI - Determination of the underivatized antineoplastic drugs cyclophosphamide and 5 fluorouracil and some of their metabolites by capillary gas chromatography combined with electron-capture and nitrogen-phosphorus selective detection. AB - A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of cyclophosphamide (CP) and 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) and some of their metabolites in one analysis has been developed. Surface-coated open-tubular OV-275 columns were combined with electron capture detection and nitrogen-phosphorus selective detection. The influence of the column diameter on the separation is shown. Extraction with 2-propanol diethyl ether (22:77) allows the isolation of CP, 5-FU and their analogues in one extraction step. The assay was applied to some pharmacokinetic experiments with chemotherapeutically treated patients and with a WAG/Rij rat. PMID- 6672039 TI - Determination of nifedipine in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen detection. AB - A gas chromatographic method for the determination of nifedipine in human plasma is presented. Nifedipine was extracted from plasma at basic pH with toluene, and nitrendipine was used as the internal standard. Chromatography was performed on a cross-linked methylsilicone fused-silica column by on-column injection and with a nitrogen-phosphorus ionization detector. The minimal detectable concentration was approximately equal to 0.5 ng/ml of plasma. The standard curve was linear in the range evaluated, 2-300 ng/ml plasma. The within-analysis coefficient of variation was 3.9-10.4%, and the day-to-day coefficient of variation was 3.8%. A peak with the same retention time as the nitropyridine derivative of nifedipine was detected in the plasma of patients who had taken 10 mg nifedipine orally. PMID- 6672040 TI - Conducting a needs assessment of university psychological services: a campaign of telephone and mail strategies. PMID- 6672042 TI - Survey of DSM-III use. PMID- 6672041 TI - Initial communications with the parents of emotionally disturbed university students. PMID- 6672043 TI - The role of the clinician in natural family planning. PMID- 6672044 TI - The Self-Care Center for Cuts: a model for student development. PMID- 6672045 TI - Aerobics for all ages: a broadband approach to a diverse university population. PMID- 6672046 TI - Herpes: coping and caring--a total college health program. PMID- 6672047 TI - Self-initiated smoking cessation in college students. PMID- 6672048 TI - Preganglionic neurons projecting to the first thoracic sympathetic ganglion in the terrapin (Trionyx sinensis). AB - After injection of HRP into the first right thoracic sympathetic ganglion of the terrapin, labeled cells are found in the central autonomic area, intercalated area, intermediolateral cell column, dorsal horn, ventrolateral edge of the dorsal column, dorsolateral edge of the ventral white column, and the ventral and ventromedial border of the ventral horn. They form one discontinuous column in the portion of the spinal cord marking the attachments of the tenth or eleventh to the fourteenth spinal nerves. The preganglionic neurons consist of small (8-9 micron), medium-sized (10-16 micron) and large (18-20 micron) cells. The number of labeled neurons in individual animals varies between 154 and 541. They are found ipsilateral to the injected ganglia in all animals. In a few cases 1-2 labeled neurons are contralateral. The results are compared with previous work in birds and mammals. PMID- 6672049 TI - Reflex hemodynamic response to superior laryngeal nerve stimulation in the rat. AB - In addition to projections through the vagus, cervical sympathetic, and aortic depressor nerves, baroreceptor afferents from the arch of the aorta are thought to rise through a superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) pathway in the rat. We evaluated this possibility, first, by determining the hemodynamic response to electrical stimulation of the SLN in anesthetized rats. Miniaturized pulsed-Doppler flow probes were placed on the right common iliac, superior mesenteric and left renal arteries. Stimulation of the SLN produced frequency-dependent (1-12 Hz) reductions in arterial pressure, heart rate and regional vascular resistance, with the greatest vasodilation occurring in the hindlimb. Right lumbar nerve transection selectively abolished the hindlimb response and attenuated the depressor effect of SLN stimulation. Mesenteric and renal vasodilation were markedly reduced by ganglionic blockade as was the reduction in arterial pressure and heart rate. Vagotomy alone and in combination with propranolol abolished bradycardia to SLN stimulation but had no effect on blood pressure or regional resistance responses, indicating that the reflex reduction in vascular resistance, rather than cardiac output, was the primary determinant of the depressor response. In a second group the pressure and heart rate responses to occlusion for 30 s of the bilateral common carotids (C), subdiaphragmatic aorta (A) and both vessels simultaneously (C + A) were evaluated before and after bilateral SLN transection. Transection of the SLN significantly potentiated the pressure increase produced by C and C + A occlusion. Bradycardia responses during C and A occlusions were converted to tachycardia following SLN transection. These data show that a strong baroreflex response may be elicited by both direct electrical and physiological stimulation of baroreceptor afferents in the SLN and suggest that the SLN may constitute a significant projection pathway for baroreceptors from the region of the aortic arch. PMID- 6672050 TI - Afferent innervation of the lower oesophageal sphincter of the cat. An HRP study. AB - Labeling of afferent neurons by the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was performed on anaesthetized cats in order to examine the afferent innervation of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS), involving both the vagal and the sympathetic nerves. The labeled cells, whose fibres follow the sympathetic pathways were found in dorsal root ganglia from T1 to L2. Nerve section experiments indicated that the main pathways involved were the splanchnic nerves, as expected from classical data. Additional pathways passing through the sympathetic cardiac branch emerging from the stellate ganglion and the thoracic sympathetic branches were also evidenced. This work corroborated the electrophysiological data showing the richness of the LOS sensory vagal innervation. Nevertheless, in this case the difficulties related to the HRP technique are particularly enhanced since the abdominal sensory vagal fibres can be affected by HRP injections. PMID- 6672051 TI - Influence of atrial mechanoreceptors upon the sympathetic efferent activity elicited during a cardiogenic chemoreflex in the dog. AB - Two different cardiogenic reflexes were studied for their effects upon the activity recorded from the thoracic cardiac nerves of 7 chloralose-anesthetized dogs. Sympathetic efferent activity in 5 right and 7 left anterior ansa multifiber preparations was quantitatively analyzed. A cardiogenic hypertensive chemoreflex was induced by administration of serotonin (100 micrograms/ml, 2 ml) into the left atrium before, during and after inflation of balloons in the right and/or left atrial appendages. Balloon inflations alone resulted in heart rate increases of 5-20 bpm but arterial blood pressure, pulse pressure and end diastolic pressure were not significantly affected. Control serotonin-induced efferent discharges were 174 +/- 10% (mean +/- S.E.M.) of resting activity with a duration of 5.2 +/- 0.4 s. During inflation of both atrial balloons, the serotonin-induced efferent discharges were 165 +/- 14% (N.S.) of resting activity with a duration of 7.8 +/- 0.7 s (P less than 0.01). Following release of the balloons, the serotonin-induced discharges were 152 +/- 17% (N.S.) of resting activity with a duration of 4.9 +/- 0.4 s (N.S.). These results suggest that afferent signals from atrial mechanoreceptors can act to increase the duration but not the total intensity of the efferent sympathetic discharges elicited during a cardiogenic chemoreflex. PMID- 6672052 TI - [Sclerocornea. Ultrastructural and morphologic study]. AB - A 6 month old white male infant had bilateral congenital diffuse sclerocornea. A penetrating keratoplasty was performed in his left eye. Histologic examination by electron microscopy demonstrated: the presence of vacuoles in the superficial epithelial layer, the absence of Bowman's membrane, a disorganization of collagen fibers and lamellae more prominent in the middle stroma, and an extremely thin Descemet's membrane. A comparison, using an automatized image analysis method, was carried out between the stroma of sclerocornea and a normal cornea. Morphometric analysis of the collagenous fibril's diameter and the interfibrillar distances demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.001) between the two corneas examined. PMID- 6672054 TI - [Posterior embryotoxon in ichthyosis]. AB - Slit-lamp examinations were conducted in 17 patients with X-linked inchtyosis, 11 female carriers, and 9 patients with ichthyosis vulgaris. All patients with ichthyosis were under 21 years of age. Dystrophic alterations reported in the literature were lacking in all cases. In all 3 groups (X-ichthyosis, carriers and ichthyosis vulgaris) a posterior embryotoxon arc was observed with a higher frequency than in controls. This arc was always localized at 3 and/or 9 hours in the cornea periphery. The high incidence of posterior embryotoxon was statistically significant (X2 . 6,51) only for patients with X-linked ichthyosis. PMID- 6672053 TI - [Morphologic and quantimetric study of the surface of the corneal epithelium]. AB - Studies were conducted to attempt to demonstrate the presence of a twofold cell population in the superficial cells of the corneal epithelium as seen on scanning electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy was used to compare corneas washed with acetylcysteine with unwashed corneas after staining of surface mucosubstances with ruthenium red. Washing was found to remove some of the mucus film deposited by the tears on the epithelial surface. In contrast, both specimens showed a layer of substance, stained by the ruthenium red and more or less abundant according to the cell, which was thick enough to mask the microvillosities on scanning microscopy. Two distinct layers were observed. One of constant thickness was a thin layer which followed the outline of the microvillosities exactly but did not mask them. This was formed of glycocalix itself, a substance of cellular origin which was visible on developed cell surfaces even before desquamation of adjacent cells occurred. The other layer was more heterogeneous and attached to the cell wall, but it cannot be removed by washing with acetylcysteine. It also appeared on developed cell surfaces before adjacent cells had desquamated. The substance could arise from the lacrimal film or the necrozed remnants of superficial cells. It appears to increase in quantity with aging of the cell, and is capable of infiltrating between the microvillosities giving the appearance of dark cells on scanning microscopy. The different cells noted on scanning microscopy vary only by the amount of this mucin-like substance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6672055 TI - [Treatment of severe ptosis by suspension of the upper eyelid using the autogenic frontal muscle and fascia lata. Analysis of 34 interventions]. AB - The surgical procedure using frontalis muscle and autogenous fascia lata suspension (Beard, Crawford) gives good results in the correction of severe blepharoptosis. Personal experience of 34 operations (23 patients) is reported. The level of the palpebral margin remains stable and there is no long-term undercorrection. The autogenous fascia lata is, in our experience, better than the other sling procedures. There is good tissular adhesion and less necrosis. The disadvantages are the constant lid lag in downward gaze and the scar on the thigh. The lagophthalmos is well tolerated and needs neither drops nor ointments 3 months post-operatively. Complications were infection (1 case) and corneal ulceration in a patient with traumatic ptosis and complete ophthalmoplegia. The sling must be deep and must support the suspensor ligament of Whitnall without perforating the conjunctiva. This step requires the use of a Reverdin needle, and is controlled by a finger applied in the superior fornix. PMID- 6672056 TI - [Eyelid motor impersistence]. AB - Eyelid motor impersistence is the impossibility shown by some people to maintain voluntary lid closure for a long period. This disorder is not exceptional, and the authors have seen fifteen cases over a short period of time. The phenomenon represents a form of apraxia, and occurs only when the minor hemisphere is damaged with a lesion of the parietal lobe. Diagnosis can often be confirmed by a CAT scan: of the three observations reported by the authors, two were tumors and one a thalamic hematoma. For some authors, motor impersistence is a manifestation of neglect and they include it within the general problem of interhemispheric balance. PMID- 6672057 TI - [Indications for vitrectomy in the extraction of intraocular foreign bodies]. AB - Vitrectomy represents an important advance for the extraction of intra-ocular foreign bodies, a study of 20 cases emphasizing the advantages of the method. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed using Kloti's vitreous stripper; intra-ocular foreign bodies were extracted through the pars plana incision by a magnet or with forceps. The main indications of the technique are: posterior pole foreign bodies; old embedded metallic foreign bodies; foreign bodies with complications (traumatic cataract, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment); non-magnetic oxidizable foreign bodies: these must be extracted under visual control with vitrectomy techniques, but complications and failure remain common. This technique also has its limits: extraction of non-oxidizable non-magnetic foreign bodies; foreign bodies attached to the ocular globe wall. These are preferably left in place. Vitreoretinal complications were the main reasons for failure in this study. Nevertheless, vitrectomy allows clearing of cloudy media, visualization, localization and extraction of foreign bodies under visual control through the pars plana, and reduction of complications. PMID- 6672058 TI - [Retinal detachment following extraction of an intraocular foreign body. Effects of vitrectomy]. AB - Intra-ocular foreign bodies have an extremely poor prognosis, retinal detachment with vitreo-retinal retraction being the main factor of treatment failure. Vitrectomy appears to be an effective method for preventing this complication. 77 patients with intra-ocular foreign bodies were studied in two separate groups: 45 patients in group I did not have preventive vitrectomy and 23 developed retinal detachments; 32 patients in group II did have preventive vitrectomy within 3 weeks following foreign body extraction, and only 6 patients developed retinal detachment. Vitreous hemorrhage and cataract were present in all cases with retinal detachment. The retinal detachment rate was significatively different between group I and II. Early vitrectomy seems to be effective in preventing retinal detachment after an intra-ocular foreign body. However, others factors still have to be studied: cataract, hemorrhage, contusion. PMID- 6672059 TI - [Serous macular detachment of the neuro-epithelium and flumequine]. AB - Flumequine (1 200 mg/day) was prescribed as treatment for infection of the urinary tract to three patients with chronic renal failure, who reported positive scotoma three days later. Ophthalmologic examination evinced bilateral symmetrical macular bullae. A characteristic yellow papule was present at foveal level. In all three cases, visual acuity was impaired (down to 4/10), without any angiographic alteration. Foveolas showed a moderate persistent hyperfluorescence. All patients recovered a normal visual acuity, within two days after treatment cessation, and bullae disappeared without sequelae within 5 days. The chronology and kinetics of clinical manifestations were clearly and reproducibly correlated with flumequine therapy in all patients, and suggest that this drug may be considered responsible for the ocular symptom reported. Chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance lower than 25 ml/mn) most certainly favoured the appearance of visual troubles, but other factors may possibly play a similar role: hepatic failure, individual hypersensitivity... Quinolones used as urinary antiseptics (nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, pipemidic acid...), and other flumequine analogues may possibly be involved in such side-effects. This was reported by Bouissou et al. in an experimental model with nalidixic acid, where transient bullae appeared on young animals' articular cartilage. Such lesions are related to focal alterations of the C2 intermediary layer of cartilage, with marked edema of the interstitial material. The volume of synovial fluid increases concomitantly. These alterations suggest a direct cytotoxic effect at the intercellular level of target organs, a mechanism possibly also occurring in the retina. PMID- 6672060 TI - [Cooperation of patients with chronic primary open-angle glaucoma]. AB - A survey was conducted in the homes of patients in a rural area to assess the degree of cooperation of patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma treated in the ophthalmology department of Valence Hospital, Drome, France. Degree of cooperation was estimated as a function of compliance to examinations over a two year period, and to observance of treatment over last six months. Ninety-seven medical records, covering a period of twelve and a half years, were selected and 70 of these patients were followed up. Cooperation of the patients was judged satisfactory in two out of three cases. Age and the distance from the medical center had little or no influence on the degree of cooperation of the patients. However, the influence of the socio-cultural level and of the family environment was important. Patients under treatment generally cooperated better than those who were not. Trabeculectomy seemed to have a positive effect on compliance of patients to control examinations, and a negative effect on observance of treatment. Although this could be expected in 10 per cent of the cases in our survey, we believe that a coherent attitude would encourage the majority of the patients to improve their cooperation. PMID- 6672061 TI - [The function of contrast sensitivity in deprivation amblyopia]. AB - Visual deprivation during the first few months of life is known to result in a severe and irreversible visual deficit. Animal models of amblyopia developed during the past 20 years has considerably increased our knowledge of the "sensitive period" during which deprivation can lead to irreversible effects, and of the anatomical and physiological changes underlying this visual deficit. However precise data regarding either the duration of the sensitive period or the nature of the amblyopic deficit are still mostly lacking in humans. Preliminary results on the latter topic are reported in the present paper. Contrast sensitivity function (CSF) has been studied using stationary sinusoidal gratings in three patients with deprivation amblyopia resulting from bilateral congenital cataracts and in nine normal emmetropic subjects. Compared with these control subjects, the three amblyopic patients showed a dramatic decrease of their CSF with a maximal drop in the high and medium spatial frequency range and a relative sparing at low spatial frequencies. Within the framework of current theories of parallel processing of visual information through the geniculostriate pathway, these results indicate that early visual deprivation in man severely affects development of "sustained" channels involved in form perception. Further studies are underway to explore "transcient" channels in similar cases. PMID- 6672062 TI - [Superior bullous retinal detachment: value of the intravitreous injection of sulfur hexafluoride]. AB - 15 cases of superior bullous hemi-retinal detachment were repaired during a 16 month period, with a post-operative follow-up of 3-19 months. Intravitreal injection of 0,75-1,5 cc of pure sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) was performed in 9 cases. The indications for injection at the end of the procedure were: 1) absence of chorioretinal contact in spite of an indentation in the correct position; 2) fishmouth configuration of the retinal break; 3) presence of radial folds over an indentation parallel to the limbus. Only two out of patients required a second operation, due to the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. One case was unsuccessful because of a redetachment secondary to massive periretinal proliferation. No complication was observed with the injection of SF 6. In particular, ocular hypertension was avoided by controlling the amount of gas used, always inferior to 2 cc, and postoperative treatment with acetazolamide and topical timolol. The intraocular injection of SF 6 appears to be useful contribution to the surgical treatment of superior bullous hemi-retinal detachment, allowing effective and durable internal tamponade, while avoiding prolonged bedrest. PMID- 6672063 TI - [Absorbable choroid indentation]. AB - R.I.C. differs from the other surgical techniques of retinal detachment repair in that only a choroidal indentation is achieved. And for the substance inoculated to such effect, it constitutes a reabsorbable indentation. We have employed the R.I.C. technique in 31 retinal detachments: 9 caused by macular hole; 10 caused by temporal breaks; 5 caused by beneath extra-ocular muscles holes; 6 caused by disinsertions of the "Ora" Serrata; 1 caused by large break. Excellent results were obtained in closing retinal breaks in these different locations and excellent middle visual acuity of 0,70. We have arrived at the conclusion that R.I.C. has advantages in the treatment of disinsertions of the Ora Serrata and retinal break situated beneath the extra-ocular muscles. In these locations the classical techniques are very difficult, according to the simplicity of the R.I.C. technique. One of the main applications of this technique is the treatment of the retinal detachment secondary to macular hole, in which we obtain an average visual acuity 0,10 five times more than previously published results. R.I.C. is an innovative technique applicable in general to the retinal detachment. PMID- 6672064 TI - [Computed x-ray tomographic aspects of intra-orbital hydatid cyst. Apropos of 10 cases]. AB - Echinococcus taenia occurs in human accidentally after contamination by infected dust of dog. Although it may localize in all parts of the body as a hydatic cyst, liver, lung and kidney are the most frequent sites. Intra-orbital localization is rare since all statistical studies estimate it to be one per cent of orbital tumours. Using computerized axial tomography (C.A.T. Scanner) ten cases of intra orbital hydatic cyst originating from Algiers, Tunis Hospitals and C.N.O. des Quinze-Vingts of Paris were studied. The inclusion of C.A.T. scanning in the orbital evaluation enables more positive preoperative diagnosis and facilitates the choice of the most efficient surgical approach. PMID- 6672065 TI - [Spontaneous hematoma of the intra-orbital optic nerve]. AB - A young male was observed with papilledema and optic nerve enlargement on CT scanning. Visual acuity and field were not affected. A microsurgical procedure, through a para-latero-nasal approach, revealed a blue domed cyst around the neural structure. Incision of the cyst released old hemorrhagic fluid and biopsies of the cyst wall were collected. Microscopy showed granuloma and hemosiderin pigments. The post-operative course was uneventful, and the papilledema resolved in six weeks. The clinical presentation and surgical findings, the histopathology and the post-operative course lead us to conclude that this is a case of spontaneous hematoma of the optic nerve. Although intracranial and chiasmal optic nerve hematomas have been described since 1966, this is the first report to our knowledge of a hematoma involving the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve. The para-latero-nasal approach seems to be a easy way of acquiring good visualization without any osteotomy, when an operating microscope is available. This report may alert ophthalmologists to consider a cyst as a rare cause of papilledema. PMID- 6672066 TI - [Modern perimetry: automatic or manual?]. AB - The possible applications of computer assisted static perimetry are examined after one and a half year of personal experience. The general advantage of a computer-assisted perimeter may be the elimination of the influence of the perimetrist on the results. We have employed the PERITEST perimeter because this system allows either full automatic perimetry or two types of manual perimetry with presentation of single or multiple stimuli. All perimetric examination is done after the determination of the individual visual retinal threshold. The examination is always performed at a supraliminal level relative to the individual threshold. The following conclusions can be drawn: 1 - Even after complete elimination of the perimetrist's influence fluctuations in results may be observed. Furthermore, the longer examination the more important patient cooperation becomes in automated perimetry as compared to the manual procedure. So we concluded that the best strategy should be related to the studies of the visual field defects. 2 - For perimetry of presupposed normal visual fields, the multiple stimulus procedure is quite adequate. If some problem appears, the flexibility of the PERITEST enables the use of the single manual stimulus mode. The full automatic examination is done only when there are mild field defects and in intelligent patients. 3 - These techniques enable the description of a new presentation of the classical perimetry's signs of early glaucoma: a loss of 0,5 Log. U.L. (which has the same significance as an isolated relative scotoma. PMID- 6672067 TI - [Quantitative analysis of visual field deficits]. PMID- 6672068 TI - Volume of sella turcica in normals and patients with peripheral endocrinopathies or idiopathic gonadotropin deficiency. AB - The volume of sella turcica (VST) was estimated from x-ray films in i) 883 control subjects (507 men and 376 women), ii) 135 adult patients with peripheral endocrine gland insufficiences (71 of the thyroid, 15 of the adrenals and 49 of the gonads) and iii) 41 adult patients with idiopathic gonadotropin deficiency. The mean VST value of men (1356 +/- 22 mm3) was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than that of women (1428 +/- 25 mm3). This difference resulted from a progressive increase of VST in women after the age of 45 (r = 0.254, p less than 0.001); the mean VST value of women aged less than 45 years (1301 +/- 33 mm3) been similar to that of men (p less than 0.05). VST was significantly (p less than 0.001) increased in peripheral endocrine insufficiences, this increase varying approximately between + 30% and + 55% of the mean volume of normals according to the endocrinopathy. Definitely abnormal sella turcica (VST larger than + 2SD) were observed in a percentage smaller than 27% of the cases in all groups. Furthermore, the increase in VST was significantly related to the severity of the disease in primary hypothyroidism (p less than 0.001) and the duration of the abnormal condition in Addison's disease and primary gonadal failure (p less than 0.001). Finally, VST was found within normal limits in patients with idiopathic gonadotropin deficiency. It is concluded that natural (menopause) or pathological peripheral endocrine insufficiency leads to VST enlargement which exceeds the upper normal limits in less than 27% of the cases. PMID- 6672069 TI - Age and sex related variations in biologically active and immunoreactive serum luteinizing hormone. AB - Relatively recent data from the literature show some discrepancies between bioactive LH (Bio-LH) and radioimmunoreactive LH (Ria-LH) in different endocrinological conditions. In 202 subjects of both sexes we have studied biologically active and immunoreactive LH and their ratio (B/l ratio) pattern through life. The results show that in male puberty the in vitro bioassay method gives a more discriminating measurement of serum LH than the radioimmunoassay. The ratio between bioactive and immunoreactive LH is well correlated with the increase of serum testosterone levels from male prepuberty to adulthood. On the contrary, there is no difference of B/l ratio between prepubertal girls and fertile women, in spite of the different gonadotropin levels. Finally LH bioactivity increases less markedly in elderly men than in postmenopausal women. These data suggest that, among several factors which may influence not only the quantity but also the quality of LH secreted, gonadotropin secretion rate and sex steroid milieu play an important role and may partly explain the B/l ratio changes in the situations investigated. PMID- 6672071 TI - Pituitary and hypothalamic dysfunction in a patient with a basal encephalocele. AB - A 31 year old Chinese man was found to have a large basal encephalocele extending into the nasopharynx associated with a cleft palate and chiasmal damage producing visual field defects. He was found to have marked hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction including deficiencies of growth hormone, thyrotropin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and gonadotropins, diabetes insipidus, adipsia with essential hypernatremia and poikilothermia. This man illustrates the importance of careful assessment of patients with craniofacial anomalies and outlines a simple investigational protocol. PMID- 6672070 TI - Hormonal and metabolic changes in starving obese patients during exhaustive physical exercise. AB - Exhaustive graded exercise leads to changes of hormones, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism in normal controls and obese patients after prolonged starvation. Concomitant with a large increase of plasma catecholamines, insulin concentration is reduced and blood glucose levels slowly increase. More glucose is made available by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis than can be oxidized in the mitochondria. Lactate associated metabolic acidosis appears. Starving obese patients in the basal state have reduced blood glucose concentrations, but their initial values for free glycerol, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies are much higher than in normal controls. This is caused by the starvation induced lipolysis. With exhaustive exercise adrenaline, noradrenaline, and free glycerol increase. In contrast, free fatty acids and ketone bodies decrease, because they are consumed as fuel. Prolonged starvation changes basal values of hormones and metabolites, but it does not change the quality of exercise-induced shifts in these values when compared with those of the normal controls. PMID- 6672072 TI - Study of the pituitary-thyroid axis in euthyroid goiter after partial thyroidectomy. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the time involved after hemithyroidectomy in reaching a new steady state in thyroid function and the relationship between thyroid hormones, basal TSH levels and TSH response to TRH. The investigations were performed on 35 patients 12-18 months after partial thyroidectomy in the first investigation and after 24-30 months in the second investigation. Tests included T4, T3, FT4, FT3 serum levels, basal serum TSH and TSH response to TRH. None of the patients received thyroid replacement and 38 healthy subjects of comparable age and sex were used as controls. We conclude that: i) the time involved in reaching a new steady state of thyroid function in hemithyroidectomized patients is variable and may take a long time; ii) TSH response to TRH returns to the normal range later than thyroid hormone and basal TSH levels. PMID- 6672073 TI - Cimetidine does not correct circulating calcium and parathyroid hormone in primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Thirteen patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were treated for 4-8 weeks with the H2-blocker cimetidine at a daily dose of 1 g. The drug had no effect on the serum concentrations of calcium or parathyroid hormone, nor did any of the patients improve clinically during the period of treatment. The recently reported efficacy of cimetidine in primary hyperparathyroidism is strongly questioned by the present results. PMID- 6672074 TI - [Registration of congenital malformations in Paris. Evaluation and perspectives of a study carried out under the auspices of the European Economic Community]. AB - Since 1976 a registration of congenital malformations has been gradually set in Paris. At present it covers 95% of the births registered in this department which amount to 38,925 births in 1982. Since 1981, it has been extended to include malformations diagnosed during the first month of life in neonatal units in Paris, for residents in Paris, and also a register of therapeutic abortions for congenital abnormalities. It is part of the 17 registers which have been started on the initiative of the European Economic Community. The results of the frequency of different types of congenital malformation are given for the years 1978 to 1982. The value of this register as epidemiological information and the studies that have been carried out with a view to determining aetiology are discussed. PMID- 6672075 TI - [Relation between spermatozoids and reducing sugars (glucose and fructose) in human seminal fluid]. AB - The prostatic fraction of seminal plasma contains components that are involved in the process of transforming fructose into glucose. If a positive correlation can be found between the slope of the decrease of fructose (estimated to be between 30 minutes and 5 hours) and the sperm count, with at the same time the maintenance of a relatively constant glucose level, then we have been able to demonstrate that glucose is more efficient than fructose to keep spermatozoa mobile. The enzyme process involved in transforming fructose into glucose may thus act to maintain definite glyspermia with a maximum value of 1.8 g/l. Aspermia in some circumstances then can be related to the absence or poor function of the transformation process and thus with the absence or decrease in prostatic secretion. PMID- 6672076 TI - [The menstrual cycle and drug pharmacokinetics]. AB - Cyclic variations in circulating hormone levels and the associated physiological changes during the menstrual cycle may modify the pharmacokinetics of drugs. So gastric acidity or gastrointestinal motility variations may alter drug absorption; plasma protein concentration changes may also modify drug binding. Finally biotransformations and elimination may be changed during the menstrual cycle. The few studies on menstrual changes in pharmacokinetics are often conflicting and this factor needs to be better documented. PMID- 6672077 TI - [An original method of echographic fetal measurements]. AB - The authors have tried to look at the graphs of ultrasound growth in their population in order to establish a base pattern. The infants were divided into groups according to their frame and a study of each diameter was made for each group. The authors show that all babies that start off from the same point arrive at their final stature which is different from all others because of their own rates of growth. The curve which is suggested fits in with this spread. The way it is built up has been explained as well as the follow-up studies that show that it is valid. The discussion points out that the rates of growth can be measured; and the value of the diameter of the thorax. PMID- 6672078 TI - [Study of fetal and placental circulation by ultrasound. New technic in the surveillance of pregnancy]. AB - Echotomography has been used for several years in routine for pregnancy follow up. The morphological parameters provided by this technique (biparietal diameter, transversal abdominal diameter, length of the limbs...) give an objective information on the foetal growth. The exploration of foetal and placental circulation by Doppler measurement has been used in the past for the detection of the foetal cardiac rythm. The association of Doppler and echotomography allows to know precisely the location of vessels of interest, to quantify blood flow volume transcutaneously, and to determine an index of placental resistance. Recent improvements have simplified the use of this complex technique. Transducers for Doppler and imaging have been placed in the same probe very easy to handle. This system allows a precise localization of Doppler sample volume within the vessel to be explored. The great vessels can be studied all long the pregnancy. Normal Doppler spectrum of umbilical arteries shows an important diastolic flow. This fact is related to the low circulatory resistance of the placenta. When the placental circulatory resistances increase (because of placental infarcts for instance) the diastolic flow decreases in the umbilical arteries. To quantify this modification of umbilical circulation we used an index of the resistance (Pourcelot index) [9]: R = (formula; see text) [A systolic amplitude; D diastolic amplitude]. In normal cases, values of R decrease progressively during the course of the pregnancy. In case of abnormal pregnancies (dysgravidy) the index increases. Abnormal values of R had been correlated with hypotrophy or foetus death. With this duplex system it is also possible to determine the different parameters which are necessary to quantify the foetal blood flow in ml/mn. The first results obtained in dysgravidies confirm the major interest of blood flow study in follow-up and prognosis of high risk pregnancies. PMID- 6672079 TI - [Screening for incomplete enzymatic blocks of 21-hydroxylase. Study of 17-OH progesterone with tetracosactide in the follicular and luteal phases in hirsute women]. AB - It seemed to us worth while when taking plasma samples to prove the presence or absence of ovulation and the presence or absence of a 21-hydroxylase block by estimating the levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone under stimulation with tetracosactide. The results are as delta hydroxyprogesterone (ng/dl/mn). Eighteen women were studied in this way in the follicular phase (delta OHP: 1.21 +/- 0.71 ng/dl/mn) and 9 women in the luteal phase (delta OHP: 0.76 +/- 0.55 ng/dl/mn). This, while reliable, was not significant statistically. The explanation seems to be linked to anovulation. In the five cases with anovulation delta OHP was 0.233 ng/dl/mn, while in other cases where ovulation was proved to exist it was 1 ng/dl/mn. It seems to us that the so-called "luteal phase" should not have been retained when we wanted to test for a hormonal block, except where ovulation has been proved previously to be present, because of the possibility of anovulation. The interrelationships between the polycystic ovary syndrome and the therapeutic implications are discussed. PMID- 6672080 TI - [Obstetrical profile of early maternity in Kinshasa (Zaire)]. AB - A prospective study was carried out on the circumstances in youthful pregnancy in 377 primapara aged less than 16 years of age in Kinshasa as compared with 805 mothers between 20 and 24 years of age. The incidence of such youthful pregnancy is 3% with a mean age of 14.67 years. The psycho-social circumstances are dominated by the unmarried state of the patient, the low level of schooling and the fact that the pregnancy was usually unwanted. The antenatal time was usually marked by insufficient supervision, but no special complications of pregnancy could be put down to youth. Delivery was usually normal. The Apgar of the newborns from these young mothers was usually lower than in the control group but most did well because the perinatal mortality was not statistically higher. The mean weight was lower than in the control group but higher than the classical definition of small-for-dates babies. PMID- 6672081 TI - [Pregnancy and injuries in traffic. Apropos of a case]. AB - 6.9% of women involved in accidents are pregnant. It is difficult to calculate all the fetal and maternal lesions that occur under these conditions. We are reporting a case of a 27-year-old primipara who had internal bleeding with shock without a precise aetiology. Very heavy vaginal bleeding occurred on the third day after admission so that a Caesarean had to be carried out in order to preserve the health of the mother and of the baby. Several complications can follow road traffic accidents in pregnant woman. The worst is usually fetal death and its mechanism is discussed. More frequently occurring, however, are fetal distress that threaten premature labour. Some lesions that are not lethal, such as bone fractures, can affect the long-term outlook for the pregnancy. PMID- 6672082 TI - [Pregnancy, diabetes and the insulin pump. A better prognosis?]. AB - The fetal prognosis in pregnancy in a diabetic woman depends mainly on the blood sugar equilibrium of the mother that can be obtained, since the normal range lessens the chances of fetal abnormalities. This has been demonstrated in this series, since a system that uses the continuous automatic administration of insulin has been used. Six diabetic women were treated with continuous subcutaneous perfusion of insulin in the second half of pregnancy. The quality of the maternal blood sugar equilibrium has been proved by the normal values of glycosylated haemoglobin and the values of venous blood sugar which were always within the mean of the normal range. The tolerance of the technique is excellent (83 days in mean without a single complication). In 4 out of the 6 cases the baby was born at the 38th week of pregnancy and studies show that there was no increase in weight and a very low level of neonatal hypoglycaemia. It seems desirable to use this kind of insulin therapy which should help to contribute to a better fetal prognosis in diabetic pregnancies. PMID- 6672083 TI - [Effect of 2 beta-blockers on arterial hypertension during pregnancy. Results of a prospective study on 56 pregnant hypertensive women treated with atenolol and labetalol]. AB - This study reports the results that were obtained in 56 cases of arterial hypertension in pregnancy solely by beta-blocking with Atenolol or Labetalol. Any pregnant woman whose arterial blood pressure rises to or exceeds 140/90 mm mercury in two successive examinations at intervals of 8 days with rest is considered to be hypertensive. As soon as treatment is started mothers' supervision is assured regularly by clinical and biological examinations and the dose of drug is adapted to each case. Fetal monitoring is ensured by ultrasound, cardiac rhythm tracings and hormone estimations. As far as the newborn is concerned, blood sugar and electrocardiogram measurements are taken to add to the normal examination at birth. Finally plasma levels of beta-blockers are estimated at birth in the mother and in the cord blood. The analysis of these results shows: for the mother: a fairly constant antihypertensive effect which is about the same for either drug in pregnancy. Further complementary injection therapy was needed, however, in 8 cases in labour. There were alterations in the method of delivery and in particular the Caesarean section rate rose to 12.5% and induction had to be carried out more frequently, triggered off by the slightest sign of fetal distress. As far as the child was concerned: 2 died in utero, the Apgar score was comparable to a control series, there was no bradycardia or broncho-spasm or teratogenic effect, mean weight at birth was significantly higher with Labetalol (3280 g +/- 555) than with Atenolol (2750 g +/- 630), the blood sugar levels at birth were in six cases lower than 1.4 mmol (0.25 g/l) but these were easily pu right by transfusion. The plasma levels of beta-blockers showed that there was a linear relationship between the maternal and fetal concentrations which confirmed that the two molecules pass through the placenta. This study confirms therefore that it is worth while using beta-blockers in cases of hypertension in pregnancy so long as careful observation is carried out, and it seems that the alpha constituent of Labetalol has advantages over the other. PMID- 6672084 TI - A community study on the prevalence of diphtheria carriers among the pre-school children of Ulloor Panchayat-Trivandrum. PMID- 6672085 TI - Biochemical & pathological changes in albino rats due to long term feeding of dietary DDT. PMID- 6672086 TI - Assay of antibiotics in urine from patients with urinary tract infection under antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6672087 TI - Susceptibility of Culex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus Giles adults and larvae to insecticides in Delhi area. PMID- 6672088 TI - Neonatal meningitis due to Salmonella virchow. PMID- 6672089 TI - Ixodid ticks from Kallar and Buliar areas of Nilgiri Hills (T. N.). PMID- 6672090 TI - Prevalence of nonfilarial elephantiasis in selected towns in India. PMID- 6672091 TI - [Neuron typing of the nucleus centralis superior (nucleus raphe medianus) of the rat]. AB - The nucleus centralis superior (Nucleus raphe medianus) of the adult rat was investigated by means of the rapid Golgi impregnation technique. Three neuron types could be distinguished: polygonal neurons exhibiting somatic spines, fusiform neurons, and small sized pyriform neurons. An strikingly conformity of the morphological characteristics of the neuron types in the nucleus centralis superior and in the nucleus raphe dorsalis, resp., was found. PMID- 6672092 TI - [Experimental anatomic study of the topography of the retinofugal projections in Discoglossus pictus (Amphibia, Anura). I. The thalamus: re-examination of the contralateral retinotopy and the origin of the uncrossed optic fibers]. AB - The topography of retinofugal projections on the thalamus of an Anuran Amphibia was studied by Fink-Heimer technique. After small lesions in retina, degeneration was found in all contralateral neuropils and in one or several ipsilateral neuropils according to retinal location: A lesion in temporal retina is followed by large axonal degeneration in neuropil of Bellonci; a dorsal lesion invaded whole geniculate neuropil while within it, contralateral ventral and nasal projections are scarce. Ipsilaterally, excepted for the nasal retina, all territories project to anterior neuropils; but, only temporal fibres ended in ipsilateral pretectal neuropil. The incinate neuropil receives bilateral projections from the whole retina. This study shows that, rather than a strict segregation, an overlap of quadratic projections into the same neuropil and a divisional repartition of these projections between the two anterior neuropils seem to be the rule. PMID- 6672093 TI - The optic tectum of the carp: pyramidal neurons of the SFGS. AB - We have studied the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (SFGS) of the carp optic tectum with optic and electron microscopy. This stratum is a dense neuropil with disordered appearance, in which numerous neuronal bodies of different characteristics and variable distribution according to the tectal regions are intercalated, more abundant in the dorsomedial zones of the tectum. Within these neuronal types, the most characteristic of SFGS are the large pyramidals of vertical development. Such neurons shows an ascendant dendritic shaft, very developed in the stratum marginale, a thinner dendritic shaft in the basal pole and a descending axon that reaches the internal zones of the stratum griseum centrale. Glial elements are highly associated to the pyramidal neuron bodies. The synaptic contacts are abundant and of various types, specially on the spinous dendritic branches which lie in the stratum marginale. PMID- 6672094 TI - Location and quantitative analysis of the motoneurons innervating the extraocular muscles of the guinea-pig, using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and double or triple labelling with fluorescent substances. AB - The location of the motoneurons innervating the extraocular muscles of the guinea pig was investigated using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the fluorescent substances fast blue, propidium iodide and nuclear yellow as retrograde tracers. The innervation of the inferior rectus, medial rectus and inferior oblique muscles is exclusively ipsilateral, and these neurons form three well-defined and mutually separate subnuclei in the oculomotor nucleus. The subgroup innervating the medial rectus lies exclusively along the medial face of the oculomotor nucleus, with no aberrant neurons in the medial longitudinal fasciculus, as have been found in other mammals. The superior rectus and levator palpebrae are innervated almost entirely by contralateral motoneurons located both in the oculomotor nucleus and in a variety of extranuclear positions (in the periaqueductal grey, among the fibres of medial longitudinal fasciculus and ventral to this bundle). There is no anteroposterior separation between the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei, since superior rectus and levator palpebrae neurons are found flanking the latter laterally all along its anterior half. In the caudal two-thirds of the oculomotor nucleus the motoneurons innervating the superior rectus and levator palpebrae are partially intermingled with those corresponding to the ipsilaterally-innervated muscles, particularly those of the inferior rectus. PMID- 6672095 TI - Changes in spinal ganglia satellite and Schwann cells after aortic occlusion. AB - Ultrastructural ischemic changes of satellite and Schwann cells in lumbar spinal ganglia were studied in dog after single 80-minute and repeated 40-minute ligation of the abdominal aorta 3-48 hours survival. Satellite cells undergo greater changes than the Schwann cells. After a single ligation for eighty minutes, the satellite cell cytoplasm reveals lengthened or slightly vacuolated cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum and more numerous lysosomes. The adneuronal surface of satellite cells shows retraction of the processes. Schwann cells, investing large myelinated axons contain markedly vacuolated endoplasmic reticulum and some osmiophilic inclusions. Three hours after repeated ligation the density of satellite cell cytoplasm is decreased and the cell processes of the adneuronal surface are less numerous. Some satellite cells containing large vacuoles undergo acute degeneration. Three hours after repeated ligation the Schwann cell cytoplasm reveals numerous lamellar bodies. Following 1-2 days survival after repeated ligation, strongly vacuolized satellite cells or those with lower cytoplasmic density are more frequent, but also hypertrophic satellite cells are visible. The changes of the Schwann cells are less advanced and manifest by the vacuolization of the organelles and the presence of lamellar bodies and other osmiophilic inclusions. PMID- 6672096 TI - The cerebellum of the frog Rana ridibunda. An electron microscopic study. AB - An electron microscopic study of neuronal types and different synaptic contacts has been made in the cerebellum of the frog Rana ridibunda. The Purkinje cells have a pear-shaped cell body and in their cytoplasm the organelles show a special arrangement because of the great amount of microtubules they contain. The granule cells are small, rounded neurons with a large nucleus surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm. The stellate cells are interneurons of the molecular layer whose large nuclei show a single finger-like invagination of its nuclear envelope. The afferent tracts to the cerebellum end either as climbing fibers or mossy fibers. The axon terminals of climbing fibers are large and the synaptic complexes exhibit all the features of a type-I Gray synapse. The mossy fibers reach the granular layer and synapses between them and granule cell dendrites are by far the most abundant. The parallel fibers establish synaptic contacts on the spines arising from the spiny branchlet units of the Purkinje cells and with the perikaryon and dendrites of stellate cells. The stellate cell axons cross the molecular layer and establish type-II Gray synapses on the Purkinje cells. PMID- 6672097 TI - [Experimental anatomic study of the topography of the retinofugal projections in Discoglossus pictus (Amphibia, Anura). II. The tectum: existence of a double system of primary optic projections]. AB - The possibility of retinotopic organization of bilateral retinotectal projection was studied by fotal retinal lesions followed by the Fink-Heimer technique. This work in Discoglossus pictus (Amphibia, Anura) shows two types of direct visual projections: a contralateral projection within the tectal layer 9 and a bilateral projection on tectal layer F of Potter (1969). The ipsilateral projection within tectal layer 9, earlier described after enucleation (Picouet et Clairambault, 1977), is not observed here. We discuss about reasons we failed to reveal it. Although appearing to be grossly in accord with data of literature, the retinotopic pattern of "classical" retinotectal projection (on layer 9) of Discoglossus presents some differences as the overlap of quadratic retinal projections. The anatomical tectal retinotopy appears less precise that physiologic retinotopy. The bilateral projections on layer F are characterised by medial (and specially medioposterior) location and the complete absence of retinotopy. All lesions in different parts of retina lead degeneration which take place in a series of distinct loci in the dorsal layer F. We discuss about a possible participation of axial optic tract to this projection. PMID- 6672098 TI - [Crown cells in the diencephalon of Acipenser ruthenus (Acipenseridae, Chondrostei)]. AB - Crown cells are considered to be typical for the Saccus vasculosus of gnathostome fishes. In Acipenser ruthenus these cells could be found on the entire floor of the diencephalon by SEM. There is one accumulation of crown cells in the frontal Recessus praeopticus, one caudal to the optic chiasma and one on the floor of the Recessus lateralis. The number of apical processes of the crown cells decreases significantly according to their distance from the Saccus vasculosus. In all basal gnathostome fishes examined until now, crown cells were found on the floor of the diencephalon outside the Saccus vasculosus. PMID- 6672099 TI - A morphological analysis of a new mutant mice with paralytic club feet, peroneal muscular atrophy (pma). AB - To determine the pathomechanism of the condition of CF 1 mutant mice which present paralytic club feet, anatomicohistological analysis (conventional histological staining, silver impregnation, cholinesterase staining, and retrograde tracer technique of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)) were carried out. CF 1 homozygotic mutant mice lacked the common peroneal nerve, while tibial nerve is larger than that of normal mice when they were compared at the similar levels of the posterior limbs. Anterior and lateral crural muscles of the homozygotic mutant mice except for peroneus longus and brevis muscles showed large group muscle atrophy. HRP study indicated that the number of HRP labeled cells after injection of HRP into the anterior and lateral crural muscles decreased remarkably in number in the homozygotic mutant mice, comparing with that of the normal mice. PMID- 6672100 TI - Quantitative brain organisation in anteaters (Edentata-Tubilidentata). AB - We can state that the encephalization and the quantitative organisation of the brain in edentates sensu lato exhibit a certain degree of common patterning but also differences between groups that have long been separated. Orycteropus in Africa and the dasypodids in South America can be considered relatively primitive if evolutionary progress is linked essentially with encephalization and neocorticalization. But again, as pointed out by Pirlot (1980), the concept of primitiveness needs careful reconsideration. To this end, more genera from the classical edentate group ought to be worked upon. In particular, the South American bradypodid Choloepus would be of great interest, as well as the African pangolin (Manis). Above all, more data are needed on the behaviour of all those ill-toothed mammals, especially in connection with their olfaction and their balance control as well as with the relative use they make of vision and audition. This project is now at an early stage in Montreal. PMID- 6672101 TI - Differences in some erythroid regulatory parameters between two inbred mouse strains. AB - Normal erythropoiesis in inbred CBA/Tr x CBA/Tr mice is shown to be associated with higher rates of red blood cell production and destruction than in age matched, but significantly larger, C57Bl6/Tr x C57Bl6/Tr mice. As expected from these observations, serum Ep titers were significantly higher in the CBA/Tr mice than in the C57Bl6/Tr mice. These differences, which appear to result from variations in the operating point for erythropoiesis, can explain the different in vitro erythropoietin sensitivities of hematopoietic tissue from these two mouse strains. PMID- 6672102 TI - Incidence and characteristics of colony-forming units fibroblasts (CFU-F) in the bone marrow of weanling mice treated with cytosine arabinoside and phenylhydrazine: correlation with CFU-S, progenitors of diffusion-chamber colonies (CFU-D), and CFU-C. AB - A study of murine adherent marrow cells (AMC) under conditions of high and low concentrations of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors was carried out. In one group of weanling mice, decreased marrow cellularity and increased concentrations of CFU-S, CFU-D, and CFU-C were observed two days after administration of two consecutive intraperitoneal (i.p.) cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) injections (2 x 200 ng/kg, at 6 h interval). Fibroblast colony-forming units (CFU-F) of this marrow were studied. In a second group of mice, which were given three i.p. phenylhydrazine (PHZ) injections (3 x 60 mg/kg on days 0, 1, and 3), CFU-S and CFU-C levels were unchanged or lowered 6 days after the start of PHZ administration. In these animals, however, the number of CFU-D was four times higher than in controls. The study of CFU-F in experiments of groups 1 and 2 indicated a high concentration of these progenitors in group 1 and lower concentration in group 2. Furthermore, fibroblastoid colonies produced in vitro by CFU-F of Ara-C-treated marrow were significantly larger than colonies from control marrow, and they markedly inhibited G/M colonies in split-phase agar cultures. By contrast, fibroblastoid colonies produced by PHZ-treated marrow were of regular size and did not inhibit G/M colonies from test bone marrow. PMID- 6672103 TI - Surface antigens of murine hemopoietic stem cells. VIII. Antisera define lineage antigens held in common between granulocyte-macrophage cells and between lymphoid cells. AB - The cell-lineage model of hemopoietic cell differentiation has been further investigated by detailed absorption analysis of the anti-stem cell activity in rabbit antisera against mouse hemopoietic cells. Of seven differentiated hematopoietic cells tested, platelets alone absorbed the anti-stem cell activity in anti-platelet serum. Thymocytes and B-lymphocytes absorbed all of the anti stem cell activity in antithymocyte serum whereas other nonlymphocytic cells showed only partial absorbing ability. Macrophages and granulocytic cells absorbed most of the anti-stem cell activity in antimacrophage serum and antineutrophil serum whereas other cell types showed little or no absorbing capacity. Antisera against a cloned mast cell precursor line showed partial cell lineage activity whereas anti-sera against eosinophils and B-lymphocytes showed no evidence of cell lineage activity. A detailed model of cell lineage antigens on hemopoietic cells is presented. PMID- 6672104 TI - Identification and distribution of megakaryocyte colonies in murine spleen. AB - This study is the first report on the utilization of specific cell function to identify splenic megakaryocytic colonies. Stem cell differentiation into megakaryocytes was studied by injecting each irradiated murine syngeneic recipient with 1 x 10(6) spleen cells. Morphological identification of erythroid, granulocytic, megakaryocytic, and mixed and undifferentiated colonies was done by staining consecutive cryostat sections with hemotoxylin and eosin, benzidine, myeloperoxidase, and acetylcholinesterase. The variation in the distribution of hemopoietic colonies within the spleen was reflected in the different ratio values derived for erythroid, granulocytic, and megakaryocytic colonies at varying depth within the spleen. An increase by 50% of megakaryocyte colonies was seen within the splenic pulp in the midzone region, compared with the surface. This suggests a localized microenvironment conducive for megakaryocytopoiesis. The data emphasizes the importance of identifying colonies of all cell types in histological sections of the spleen and evaluating spleen sections at least at two levels, one adjacent to the surface and the other in the midzone area. PMID- 6672105 TI - Myelopoiesis of human bone marrow cells in a micro-agar culture system: comparison of two sources of colony stimulating activity (CSA). AB - Human bone marrow cells were grown in a micro-agar culture system in the presence of human placenta (HPCM) and giant cell tumor conditioned media (GCT). The effects of HPCM and GCT conditioned media on linearity, growth dynamics, and morphological composition of colonies were studied after 7 and 14 days of incubation. Under the described conditions the dose-response curves for HPCM and GCT were different: on day 7 maximal stimulation was obtained with 2.5% HPCM and 20% GCT; on day 14 a maximal response was reached with 1.25% HPCM and 5% GCT. Both stimuli produced maximal growth after 7 days of incubation, followed by a rapid decrease in the number of formed colonies up to day 14. The morphological study of aggregates showed that after 7 days of incubation 80% pure granulocyte and 20% mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies were found in the presence of both stimuli. However, on day 14 the incidence of granulocyte-macrophage colonies increased to 60%, whereas the percentage of pure granulocyte colonies decreased to 20%. The frequency of eosinophil colonies was relatively low (median 15%) with both stimuli. The described system can be applied successfully for studies of myelopoiesis in vitro. Both sources of colony stimulating activitites (CSA) employed had no significant difference in their ability to stimulate myelopoiesis. PMID- 6672106 TI - Enhancement of human myeloid stem cell growth in vitro. AB - Human myeloid stem cell growth in agar was enhanced by the addition of human plasma, red-cell lysate, hemin, and beta-mercaptoethanol to the culture system. Using conditioned media from a human T-cell or leukocyte-conditioned media as a source of colony-stimulating activity, the number of colonies was increased due to enhancement by an average of 54%. Analysis of colony types indicated that over 80% of the increase in colony number at eight days was due to granulocytic colony growth. Light density marrow cells cultured with enhancing agents produced colony levels of approximately 12-27 CFU-C/2 x 10(3) cells. PMID- 6672107 TI - Spatial and functional relationships between human hemopoietic and marrow stromal cells in vitro. AB - The aims of the present study were to determine which stromal elements are important for the proliferation of human hemopoietic precursor cells in vitro and to develop a model for human bone marrow transplantation. First, we incubated bone marrow mononuclear cells in liquid culture under different conditions to obtain different proportions of fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages. We also looked for persistent hemopoiesis in association with these stromal cells. Second, we seeded nonadherent bone marrow mononuclear cells onto established stromal monolayers by incubating them together for 2 h and then washed off the unattached cells. The cells remaining on the monolayer were then stimulated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA). We found that persistent hemopoiesis was maintained only in the presence of fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages. We also found that hemopoietic precursor cells attached to monolayers containing fibroblasts and fat cells, but not to monolayers containing fibroblasts or macrophages alone. Therefore, fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages appear to be necessary for the maintenance of human hemopoiesis in vitro, and fat cells may permit repopulation of marrow stroma by transplanted hemopoietic stem cells. This in vitro model might reflect features of human bone marrow transplantation in vivo. PMID- 6672108 TI - The influence of choline chloride on murine hematopoiesis in vivo and in vitro. AB - We report here studies to further document the ability of cholinergic agonists to influence murine hematopoiesis. B6C3F1 mice were administered ultrapure choline (0.14, 1.4, and 7.0 mg/animal) i.p. for three days, then randomly sacrificed for assessment of hematological parameters. No significant change was observed in the packed red cell volume; however, the WBC was elevated significantly (85-400%) over noncholine administered controls during all days examined [1-12]. In vitro choline (10 mM) increased heterogeneous marrow-derived CFU-GM colony formation 210% above controls. Nonadherent marrow cell-derived CFU-GM produced a significant elevation in colony formation (36%), suggesting choline may influence directly a portion of the CFU-GM population. A twofold increase in the CFU-GM kill after 16 mM hydroxyurea exposure suggests choline can stimulate a subpopulation of CFU-GM not normally in cell cycle. In addition, choline (10 mM) was effective in stimulating CSF activity from marrow-derived conditioned medium. Dose-response studies demonstrated that choline was also stimulatory for megakaryocyte colony formation (CFU-Mk), 26% at 5 mM. Erythroid precursor stem cells, CFU-E/BFU-E, were reduced significantly (10-50%) at all choline concentrations tested (1-50 mM). These studies document the ability of choline to influence hematopoiesis, and provide further evidence that cholinergic mechanisms may be important in the control of steady-state hematopoiesis. PMID- 6672109 TI - The effect of steroids and filtration leukapheresis on circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells. AB - Filtration leukapheresis (FL) in which donors are pretreated with steroids, induces a rapid neutropenia followed by neutrophilia. To investigate whether these phenomena are associated with changes in circulating progenitor cells (CFU GM and BFU-E), 5 donors who underwent FL following steroid administration were compared with a control group who received steroids alone. Steroids alone caused an initial reduction in both circulating lymphocytes and committed progenitor cells followed by a rebound above baseline. Among donors undergoing FL, the changes in lymphocyte counts were identical to the steroid controls and the same early suppression of progenitor cells also occurred, but the rebound was blunted. Thus, the neutrophilia that occurs as a result of the FL procedure is not associated with an increase in circulating progenitor cells; and hence, the procedure does not appear to be a useful adjunct for increasing the yield of hematopoietic stem cells from the peripheral blood. PMID- 6672110 TI - A hypo-osmotic medium to disaggregate tumor cell clumps into viable and clonogenic single cells for the human tumor stem cell clonogenic assay. AB - A hypo-osmolar medium and tissue processing technique is described which is useful for disaggregation of residual human tumor cell clumps persisting after mechanical or enzymatic treatment of solid tumors and malignant effusions. The addition of the hypo-osmolar procedure to the standard methods for disaggregation increased the viable single cell yield in solid tumors by 47% and in malignant effusions by 67%. In 5 of the 26 solid tumor specimens tested in the human tumor stem cell assay, clonogenic single cells were obtained with the hypo-osmolar procedure, whereas no growth was observed using standard methods. Overall, the success rate for clonogenicity increased from 46% to 65% for the 26 solid tumors, with the major improvement occurring in ovarian cancer. Clonogenicity was obtained in 80% of malignant effusions both by standard methods and the hypo osmolar techniques. The increased total yield of clonogenic cells obtained with this procedure enhances the opportunity for experimental versatility and in vitro drug testing. PMID- 6672111 TI - Inhibition of cell growth in synchronous human hypernephroma cells by recombinant interferon alpha-D and irradiation. AB - It has been reported that interferon (IFN) can inhibit cell division on both normal and malignant cells. However, the effect of IFN on the cells at different phases of the cell cycle is still uncertain. In this report, we have studied the cytostatic properties of interferon in each phase of cell cycle by treating synchronous cell population with IFN alone and/or 60Co x-irradiation. Human hypernephroma cells ACHN (ATCC no. CRL 1611) originally initiated by Dr. Chang and Dr. Hogan were used in the experiments reported here. The cells were grown in monolayer cultures in MEM supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. The biological properties of exponential growing cells showed an abnormal karyotype, large vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and a doubling time of 24 h. Cells were synchronized into G1, S, and G2 + M phases by centrifugal elutriation. Autoradiography and flow cytometry data indicated that greater than or equal to 95% G1 cells, greater than or equal to 80% S cells, and greater than or equal to 70% G2 + M cells were obtained by this method. A single dose of 10(3) U human interferon alpha (HuIFN alpha) (Hoffman-LaRoche, recombinant leukocyte D interferon (IFN-alpha D), RO 22 9859) was given to the synchronous cell populations. The cell cycle delay, growth inhibition and cell viability were measured with the Coulter Counter and Channelyzer system, flow cytometry, and colony-forming assay. Preliminary studies showed that IFN inhibited ACHN cell growth to the same extent at each phase of the cell cycle. However, there was no reduction in the clonogenecity of synchronous cells after IFN treatment. The cell age response after single doses of 600 rad 137CS r-irradiation showed that S phase cells were resistant while both G1 and G2 + M cells were sensitive to radiation. The results of combining treatment of IFN and irradiation showed additional cell-killing effect as compared with irradiation alone. PMID- 6672113 TI - Response of L-1210 tumor in mice toward treatment with interferon or poly(I) X poly(C). AB - Two interferon (IFN)-mediated enzyme activities, the protein kinase and pppA(2'p5'A)n synthetase (2-5A synthetase) were employed to demonstrate the action of IFN on different tissues of mice as well as in ascitic tumors of L-1210 IFN (alpha + beta)-sensitive (L-1210S) and IFN-resistant (L-1210R) leukemia cells. The protein kinase is manifested by the phosphorylation of endogenous protein of molecular weight 67 kD (p67K kinase). Control and L-1210R or L-1210S tumor-bearing mice were found to respond similarly to treatment with IFN or when injected with an IFN inducer, poly(I) X poly(C). The 2-5A synthetase and the p67K kinase were enhanced in the lung and the spleen of mice, both control and with tumor graft. There was no apparent effect on L-1210R leukemia cells whereas in L 1210S cells the level of both enzymes was enhanced in response to treatment of mice with IFN or poly(I) X poly(C). These results indicate that the presence of tumor cells did not trigger modifications in the response of mice toward treatment with IFN. Furthermore, they provide biochemical evidences to show the response of IFN-sensitive and IFN-resistant tumor cells during treatment of the host with IFN. PMID- 6672112 TI - Comparison of the effects of alpha and beta interferons on the proliferation and volume of human tumor cells (HeLa-S3, Daudi, P3HR-1). AB - Treatment of three lines of tumor cells (epidermoid carcinoma: HeLa-S3, and Burkitt's lymphoma: Daudi and P3HR-1) with human alpha or beta interferon (HuIFN alpha or HuIFN-beta) results in inhibition of cell proliferation as well as in increased modal cell volume and heterogeneity of the populations with respect to cell volume. In all three cell lines the IFN-alpha- or IFN-beta-induced changes in cell proliferation and in cell volume are inversely related to each other. However, these lines differ significantly in their sensitivity to the effects of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. PMID- 6672114 TI - Effect of fibroblast-derived interferon administration on immune responsiveness in a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 6672115 TI - Comparative intranasal pharmacokinetics of interferon using two spray systems. AB - Physician-administered and self-administered interferon (IFN) nasal sprays were compared by measuring residual IFN recovered from the nose at intervals following single doses. Amounts of IFN recovered five minutes after administration and the decay curves of recoverable antiviral and immunoreactive IFN with time were variable between volunteers but similar for both methods. It follows that a self administered IFN spray would be suitable for future trials of IFN in upper respiratory infections. It was also confirmed that IFN persists in the nose for at least 24 h and is not all recovered by nasal washing, suggesting that it may be bound to, then slowly released from, nasal mucosal cells. PMID- 6672116 TI - Isolation of HuIFN-beta by immunosorbent and high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - A procedure for isolating HuIFN-beta without the use of SDS or other denaturants has been developed. The procedure involves the chromatography of IFN on an antibody affinity column followed by reversed-phase HPLC. The specific activity of the resulting IFN-beta is 4 X 10(8) u/mg protein, and overall recovery is about 76%. The procedure provides a method for isolating pure HuIFN-beta in its native form with an efficiency much higher than any other method reported to date. PMID- 6672117 TI - Nocodazole inhibits polyI:C induction of interferon by mouse macrophages. AB - Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages respond to both viral and nonviral inducers of interferon (IFN). The effect of nocodazole, an antitubulin drug, on the induction of IFN by either polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, or Newcastle disease virus was studied in mouse macrophages. Nocodazole, 0.5 microM and 15 microM, maximally inhibited polyI:C induction of IFN in bone marrow-derived macrophages and resident peritoneal macrophages, respectively, but had no effect on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) induction of IFN. PMID- 6672118 TI - [Effects of albumin concentration of reperfusates on the recovery of rabbit hearts following anoxic cardioplegia]. PMID- 6672119 TI - [Surgical management of empyema and lung abscess in children]. PMID- 6672120 TI - [Evaluation of pulmonary circulation in atrial septal defect (ostium secundum type) by right and left ventricular volume characteristics]. PMID- 6672121 TI - [Intrapulmonary metastasis in resected cases of pulmonary carcinoma]. PMID- 6672122 TI - [Enhanced myocardial protection by crystalloid cardioplegia at 4 degrees centigrade]. PMID- 6672123 TI - [Pathophysiology and surgical management of atrioventricular valvular lesions associated with cardiac myxoma]. PMID- 6672124 TI - [Effects of Kirsch's solution on myocardial protection]. PMID- 6672125 TI - [Surgical management of cor triatriatum]. PMID- 6672126 TI - [Surgical management of simultaneous pulmonary and esophageal cancers]. PMID- 6672128 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the thymus--a case report]. PMID- 6672127 TI - [Expansion of the false lumen following Carpentier's surgery for extensive aortic aneurysm complicated with DeBakey-type IIIa dissecting aneurysm]. PMID- 6672129 TI - [Behcet's disease associated with aneurysm of the thoracic aorta penetrating into the lung]. PMID- 6672130 TI - [Permanent pacemaker implantation in a 6-month-old infant with congenital A-V block]. PMID- 6672131 TI - [In situ assay for enzyme after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: application to DNA polymerase alpha]. PMID- 6672133 TI - [Clinical significance of serum ferritin levels in malignant tumors treated by radiotherapy]. PMID- 6672132 TI - [The 56th annual meeting of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Kyoto, April 11 13, 1983. Abstracts]. PMID- 6672134 TI - [Study of immunological suppression induced by combined use of cyclophosphamide and immunopotentiator, with special reference to its adverse effects]. PMID- 6672136 TI - [Clinical evaluation of preoperative bone scanning in breast cancer]. PMID- 6672135 TI - [Combined splenectomy and immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer]. PMID- 6672137 TI - Loss of age effect on human natural killer cell activity. PMID- 6672138 TI - [Clinical significance of coagulative and fibrinolytic changes in patients with ovarian cancer and anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 6672139 TI - [Flow-cytometric analysis of changes in lymphocyte subsets in the blood of cancer patients during radiation therapy]. PMID- 6672140 TI - [Studies of radiofrequency hyperthermia (1). Experimental studies of thermotron hyperthermia]. PMID- 6672141 TI - National health care surveys and health care management. Examples from the National Center for Health Statistics. AB - The bulk of medical care in the United States is provided in hospitals, physicians' offices, and nursing homes. The National Center for Health Statistics conducts three health record surveys that collect information on patient and provider characteristics and the services provided in these three settings. This paper describes each of these three surveys in terms of background (scope and data set), design, collection, processing procedures, and data dissemination. In addition, specific examples of how the survey data have been or can be used for management purposes in terms of monitoring, evaluating, and planning the utilization of health care in the United States are given. PMID- 6672143 TI - Data compression in a textual medical application. AB - On-line storage of textual data can represent a significant expense even with today's lower storage costs. This paper presents a hybrid compression scheme designed for rapid decoding and retrieval in a medical data base application. Utilizing this method, a 60% reduction of the space required has been obtained. PMID- 6672142 TI - Factors influencing consumer receptivity to the nurse practitioner. A systems analysis. AB - This paper describes a methodology to delineate factors associated with consumer acceptance of the medical nurse practitioner (MNP). The MNP is a category of new health practitioners with proficiency in medical/health care functions traditionally performed only by physicians. A process model approach was developed to study the significance of selected sociodemographic cognitive, attitudinal, and clinical/medical factors that are expected to predispose consumer acceptance of the MNP. The survey population consists of predominantly elderly and indigent ambulatory patients to an inner-city primary care clinic. The data were collected from 156 primary care patients before and after the introduction of the MNP program. The results clearly demonstrate consumer support for the new health practitioner concept. This finding is further substantiated in the "after" study. From an analysis of symptoms experience, symptom severity, and type of symptoms, symptoms experience emerged as the strongest indicator of consumer receptivity to MNP concept. Additionally, exposure to MNP caused the consumer to become more aware of proper consumption and increased the demand for physician care and specialty care where appropriate. PMID- 6672144 TI - Design planning to meet goals in health service organizations. Concepts and illustration. AB - The performance of health service organizations is affected by the existence of multiple, often conflicting performance goals, and by various social psychological processes that characterize the particular structure of the organization. This paper proposes a systematic, management-based methodology for identifying those "best" values for a set of social-psychological processes that enhance achievement of a set of organizational performance goals. The approach is illustrated with data from selected county health departments in North Carolina. PMID- 6672145 TI - Measuring consumer preferences for ambulatory medical care arrangements. AB - This paper describes how conjoint analysis can be applied to health care marketing. Data from a sample of 73 university students were used to estimate part-worth values for different levels of attributes of ambulatory care arrangements. A high degree of comparative validity was found. PMID- 6672146 TI - Dirofilariasis of human. PMID- 6672147 TI - Microsurgical reversal of vasectomy. PMID- 6672148 TI - Congenital heart disease in the selected catheterized adolescents and adults at Siriraj Hospital. PMID- 6672149 TI - Etiology of postmenopausal bleeding in Thai women. An analysis of 195 cases. PMID- 6672150 TI - Clinical study of Thai patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6672152 TI - An in vitro study of new antibiotic: thienamycin. PMID- 6672151 TI - Serum vitamin A and carotene levels in Thai cancer patients. PMID- 6672153 TI - The trauma of pedestrians involved in road traffic accidents. PMID- 6672154 TI - Re-appearance of goitre and its paradoxical findings in serum and urine in endemic goitre villagers, North Thailand. PMID- 6672155 TI - Surface morphology of chemically-digested Purkinje fibers of the goat heart. PMID- 6672156 TI - Distribution of cored tubule-containing Langerhans cells in the skin and lymph nodes of mice. PMID- 6672157 TI - Single degranulation of the rat mast cell induced by microelectrophoresis of compound 48/80. PMID- 6672158 TI - Separation of synaptic vesicles from bovine cerebral cortex. PMID- 6672159 TI - Ultrastructural construction of collagen fibrils as revealed by the freeze fracture technique. PMID- 6672160 TI - [The 84th congress and symposium of the Japanese Society of Otolaryngology May 19 to 21, 1983, Osaka Abstracts]. PMID- 6672161 TI - A comparison of isozymes of five axenic Giardia isolates. AB - The relative mobilities of six enzymes from the trophozoites of five axenically cultured isolates of Giardia from human, cat, and guinea pig hosts were compared by starch and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The six enzymes compared were malate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (MDH) (EC 1.1.1.37), malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (ME) (EC 1.1.1.40), hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P) (EC 1.1.1.49), and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8). The latter three enzymes have not been previously reported in Giardia. On the basis of zymogram patterns, the five Giardia isolates were divided into three zymodemes. Zymodeme I comprised human-1/England, human-1/Bethesda, and cat-1/Portland, Zymodeme II the guinea pig-1/Portland isolate, and Zymodeme III the human 1/Portland isolate. These zymodemes were further substantiated when several physical and kinetic properties of three of the enzymes, MDH, ME, and G6P, were examined. Our results, in which Giardia isolated from different mammalian hosts share multiple isoenzymes, question the validity of the practice of assigning Giardia species names on the basis of the animal host from which the protozoan was obtained. PMID- 6672162 TI - Comparative studies on the pattern of infection with Giardia spp. in mongolian gerbils. AB - Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were inoculated with known numbers of Giardia cysts isolated from humans, beavers and mice. The pattern of cyst release in the feces was studied for a period of 35 days. After a latent period of 5 days, animals infected with G. muris release cysts in their feces every day until day 14. Gerbils infected with human or beaver isolates released cysts in their feces intermittently for 30 days. These results indicated that the mode of cyst release in these animals was characteristic of the parasite, and was independent of the host. Mongolian gerbils acquire complete resistance upon homologous species challenge but demonstrate only partial protection when challenged with a different species of Giardia. We concluded that the Mongolian gerbil model could be useful in epidemiological studies for two reasons: it can be used for determination of cyst viability, and for the identification of the etiological agent. PMID- 6672163 TI - Ultrastructural characterization of serum-induced changes in the tegument of Taenia taeniaeformis. AB - The objective of this study was to characterize complement-dependent damage to the tegument of isolated metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis caused by exposure to immune or normal rat serum (IRS and NRS, respectively). Metacestodes of T. taeniaeformis (34- and 69-day-old) from rats were incubated for 1 hr in 0.85% physiological saline solution (PSS), IRS, NRS, heat-inactivated at 56 C for 1 hr (delta) IRS, or delta NRS and then fixed for 2 hr in 3% glutaraldehyde. The larvae were then prepared for freeze-etching, thin sectioning, and SEM by standard techniques. Freeze-etch replicas of PSS-, delta IRS-, and delta NRS treated larvae showed no damage, whereas those of IRS- and NRS-treated metacestodes exhibited vesiculation in the extracellular matrices, segmentation or "beading" of the microthrix tip, significant reductions in the number of intramembranous particles (IMP) in the P face of the membrane of the microthrix base, and changes in the pattern of IMP distribution in the P face of the base. Similar results were obtained from larvae prepared for thin sectioning and SEM. Additionally, thin-sectioned preparations demonstrated that in some cases the entire tegument was stripped away in IRS- and NRS-treated metacestodes. Our results have provided supportive evidence that complement-mediated lysis of larvae of T. taeniaeformis is not enhanced by the presence of antibody in serum, and we also characterized ultrastructurally the types of tegumental damage that may contribute to lysis. In addition, a possible defense mechanism used by the parasite to counter immunological attack by host phagocytic cells is proposed. PMID- 6672164 TI - Chemical composition of lipid droplets isolated from larvae of Taenia taeniaeformis. AB - Young developing larvae of Taenia taeniaeformis contain large deposits of osmiophilic droplets. These droplets are spherical, approximately 1.5 micron in diameter and are primarily localized in the tegument. After cellular disruption of the parasite, followed by centrifugation, the lipid droplets were found in a floating layer of lipid. The lipid droplets in the lipid layer resembled the droplets as seen in situ. The isolated lipid droplets mainly consisted of neutral lipids with triglycerides, sterol esters, sterols and free fatty acids being the major components. Smaller amounts of other neutral lipids were also present, as were glycolipids, phospholipids and protein. The lipid droplets were not membrane bound. The relationship between lipid droplets, lipid utilization and membrane synthesis during parasite growth is discussed. PMID- 6672165 TI - Control of swimming in cercariae of Proterometra macrostoma (Digenea). PMID- 6672166 TI - Naegleria fowleri infection acquired by mice through swimming in amebae contaminated water. AB - Groups of mice were placed in water containing from 10(2) to 10(6) Naegleria fowleri amebae per ml and allowed to swim for 2.5 to 20 min. Mouse mortality ranged from 0 to 70% and was dependent upon the concentration of amebae per ml and the length of swimming exposure. That swimming mice can develop fatal naeglerial infection further confirms the mouse model for studying experimental primary amebic meningoencephalitis. PMID- 6672167 TI - Radiolabeling of infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) with 75Se-methionine and their performance as tracers in sheep. AB - Haemonchus contortus infective larvae incorporated between 5 and 12 pCi/larva for each muCi of 75Se-methionine added per gram of fecal sediment. Thorough admixture of 75Se-methionine and fecal sediment was necessary to obtain approximately normal distribution and low variance of individual larval radioactivities. Ecdysis induced by treatment with 0.025% HClO in vitro resulted in loss of approximately 40% of the 75Se label of infective larvae. Loss of 75Se by parasitic larvae and adult H. contortus in vivo conformed to a two-component negative exponential function with half lives of 3.1 and 56 days acting on compartments representing 90% and 10%, respectively, of the 75Se label remaining after ecdysis. Labeled and unlabeled worms were readily distinguished by autoradiography 37 days after infection. No effect of gamma radiation arising from decay of 75Se in the range 130 to 1,300 pCi/larva could be measured in terms of survival or sex ratio of worms recovered at 17 days PI. PMID- 6672168 TI - Behavior of single- and mixed-sex infections of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in fed and fasted mice. AB - The behavior of male and female Nippostrongylus brasiliensis differed in the intestines of mice. Intraintestinal insertion of female worms at sites that represented 5 or 20% of the pyloric-caecal distance revealed localization at those sites, whereas male populations dispersed over 50% of the intestinal length. However, introduction of females at 40% of the intestine showed a wider distribution that was similar to the male's behavior at all three locations in the intestine. Insertions of both sexes reduced the male's dispersal behavior and arrested the female's preferential localization at the 5 and 20% intestinal sites. Females that were posterior in the intestine showed no dose-dependent movement toward males that were more anterior over various distances or with various combinations of ages of males and females. Food deprivation altered the behavior of females, but this change was inhibited, apparently by males, in bisexual groups. Dispersal of bisexual populations in the intestine was independent of helminth density after fasting of the host. PMID- 6672169 TI - Host influences on reproduction and establishment of mouse-adapted Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda). AB - Various influences of the host altered the establishment and reproduction of mouse-adapted Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Establishment and egg production were greater in mature male than in female mice. Worm fecundity increased similarly in both sexes of mice prior to 41 days of host age. Male mice at 62 days of age or older harbored more N. brasiliensis than did females, but the number of nematodes was similar in younger hosts of both sexes. Crowding of male mice significantly increased the establishment of helminths, but not the production of eggs by N. brasiliensis. Pregnancy of the host significantly increased both establishment of and reproduction by N. brasiliensis. Ligation of the bile duct of the mouse reduced both establishment and fecundity of the nematode after subcutaneous or surgical infection with larvae and adults, respectively. PMID- 6672170 TI - Migration of Alaria marcianae (Trematoda) in domestic cats. AB - The migration of Alaria marcianae was studied in domestic cats. Mesocercariae penetrated the stomach wall, entered the abdominal cavity, and penetrated the diaphragm within 3 hr. Direct penetration of the lungs via the thoracic cavity occurred within 6 hr. Also observed was a circulatory route to the lungs when mesocercariae were recovered from both the liver and the chambers of the heart. Upon entrance into the lungs, mesocercariae began to enlarge with sequential lappet formation, holdfast development, and penetration gland atrophy. By day 7, they were recognized as fully formed diplostomula. The diplostomula resided a minimum of 4 days in the lungs as they first appeared in the duodenum by day 11. Diplostomula were found in both the trachea and stomach, indicating that they reach the duodenum after being coughed up from the lungs and swallowed. Diplostomula recovered from the duodenum were indistinguishable morphologically from the most advanced lung forms. Maturation of the reproductive organs occurred in as little as 4 days as the first ovigerous specimens were seen on day 15. The bidirectional route to the lungs may be significant when viewed in light of the recent discovery of transmammarian transmission. If a hormonal stimulus is involved, it is conceivable that those mesocercariae in the circulatory system may be more readily influenced than those undergoing a somatic migration. This may account for why some larvae are diverted to the mammary glands in a pregnant mammal instead of the normal, maturative migration to the duodenum. PMID- 6672171 TI - Maternal transmission of asexually proliferative Mesocestoides corti tetrathyridia (Cestoda) in mice. AB - Asexually proliferative Mesocestoides corti tetrathyridia were studied to test the hypothesis of in utero transmission in mice and define more clearly the path of transmammary transmission. In utero transmission was not observed in 132 fetuses (22 litters) taken by caesarean section from infected mothers. However, 19 of these mothers had tetrathyridia in their mammary glands at the time of operation, nine had worms in the uterine lumen, and one had a single worm in the maternal blood space of a placenta. No tetrathyridia were found in amniotic cavities. No infection was found in 32 young (7 litters) examined immediately after birth to infected mothers, but before nursing. No infection was found in 30 young (5 litters) removed from infected mothers before nursing and raised by uninfected fosters. Of 29 uninfected young (5 litters) allowed to nurse on infected mothers, 18 became infected. Whole mounts and sections of infected mammary glands showed proliferating tetrathyridia free in larger milk ducts and free and encapsulated in mammary parenchyma. These data suggest that maternal transmission of M. corti tetrathyridia in mice occurs primarily or perhaps exclusively by the transmammary route. PMID- 6672172 TI - The camel (Camelus dromedarius) as an intermediate host for Hammondia heydorni. AB - Dogs fed raw camel meat containing two types of cysts shed unsporulated Hammondia heydorni oocysts and later sporulated Sarcocystis sporocysts in their feces, but were resistant to reinfection with the Hammondia cysts. Sporulated H. heydorni occysts did not induce an enteroepithelial cycle in dogs, but resulted in the formation of muscle cysts. PMID- 6672173 TI - Observations on the subgenus Argas (Ixodoidea: Argasidae: Argas). 18. Haller's organ roof and anterior pit setae. AB - Adults of 18 of the 22 species constituting the subgenus Argas, which parasitize birds nesting and resting in rocky habitats in each faunal region of the world (15 species) or in trees (e species) (2 Neotropical, 1 Nearctic), were studies by SEM. In each except three Neotropical species, the nine setae of the anterior pit of tarsus I are arranged in an anterior group (1 serrate, 1 setiform, 1 conical) and a posterior group (2 fine, e porose, 2 grooved), or the two groups are more or less confluent. Abnormally, additional setae may occur on one or both tarsi of a single specimen. In one Neotropical species, only the three anterior group setae are present. In three Neotropical species, only these three setae and a fourth seta are present (whether 6 or 5 additional setae are concealed within the tarsal structure should be investigated). The Haller's organ capsule is entirely open (unroofed) (3 species), roofed posteriorly and open anteriorly (7 species), or mostly roofed by a plate which is pierced by one large aperture and by more or less numerous, small, or medium-sized perforations (8 species plus one other not studied by use). This study suggests that the structure of Haller's organ has evolved in different lines in response to a multiplicity of biologic al factors related to the behavior and habitat of individual species. PMID- 6672175 TI - A technique for selecting uniform samples of Schistosoma mansoni based on egg production. PMID- 6672174 TI - The fecundity of Schistosoma mansoni in baboons, with evidence for a sex ratio effect. PMID- 6672176 TI - Rapid processing of in vitro cultured microscopical metacestodes for ultrastructure studies. PMID- 6672178 TI - Lipid composition of plasma lipoproteins in treated diabetics. PMID- 6672177 TI - Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in treated diabetics. PMID- 6672180 TI - Age and symptomatology of menopause in Indian women. PMID- 6672179 TI - Hyperlipidemia in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6672181 TI - Prognostic value of plasma fibrinogen in myocardial infarction. PMID- 6672182 TI - Sub-acute sclerosing panencephalitis (a report of 43 cases). PMID- 6672183 TI - Spinal muscular atrophy (a report of 44 cases). PMID- 6672184 TI - Sickle cell beta thalassemia with absence of spleen (a case report). PMID- 6672185 TI - Aggressive lymphangioma (report of an unusual case). PMID- 6672186 TI - Tuberculosis of gall bladder (a case report). PMID- 6672188 TI - Camptomelic dwarfism syndrome (a case report). PMID- 6672187 TI - Hydatid cyst as a cause of common bile duct obstruction (a case report). PMID- 6672189 TI - Disseminated histoplasmosis (a case report). PMID- 6672190 TI - Simultaneous measurements of estrogen nuclear (E2Rn) and progestin cytosol (PRc) receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of rats. AB - The present methods used to measure estrogen nuclear (E2Rn) and progestin cytosol (PRc) receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland require that separate assays be performed to determine the concentrations of each receptor. In the present studies we describe a method which simultaneously measures both E2Rn and PRc in hypothalamic and pituitary tissue. Tissue samples were homogenized in tris EDTA-glycerol-dithiothreitol buffer and centrifuged at 1500 X g for 5 min. The supernatant was purified for the PRc assay while the nuclear pellet was extracted for the E2Rn exchange assay. For the PRc assay, the supernatant was centrifuged at 106,500 X g for 30 min and aliquots from the resultant supernatant then were incubated with 3H-R5020. For the E2Rn exchange assay, the original pellet was purified further by successively resuspending and centrifuging it through several sucrose solutions. Estrogen-receptor complexes were extracted from the chromatin pellet with a 0.4M KC1 solution and aliquots of the final supernatant were incubated with 3H-estradiol. In both assays, the samples were placed onto Sephadex LH20 columns and the receptor bound 3H-steroid was eluted directly into scintillation vials. Scatchard analyses revealed that these assays measure a single class of binding sites for E2Rn and PRc with dissociation constants (KD) and maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) similar to those previously reported using a separate assay for each receptor. PMID- 6672191 TI - Modulation of progestin binding activity in cultured human breast carcinoma cells: the effect of serum type and concentration. AB - Progesterone receptor levels in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells increase as a specific response to estrogen and to some nonsteroidal antiestrogens. In the present study we demonstrate that the type and quantity of serum present during culture of these cells modifies the level of progestin binding activity, but not the level of estradiol binding activity. MCF-7 cells maintained in media supplemented with 5% charcoal-dextran treated calf serum (CDCS) contain 0.3 - 0.4 pmol of cytosol progesterone receptor (PRc) per mg DNA. When cells previously maintained in 5% CDCS-media are shifted to media containing 5% charcoal-dextran treated fetal calf serum (CDFCS), the level of progestin binding increases after day 16, and stabilizes at 2 - 3 pmol/mg DNA at days 30 to 40. Shifting these cells back to 5% CDCS-media, reduces PRc to 0.2 - 0.4 pmol/mg DNA within 3 days. This reduction is dose dependent with a half-optimal decrease at 1% CDCS, and a full decrease at 2% CDCS (4d incubation). Nuclear progestin binding was uniformly low (0.2 - 0.4 pmol/mg DNA) and unaffected by type or concentration of serum, and no consistent change in cytosol or nuclear estrogen receptor levels was observed. These cytoplasmic progestin binding sites are translocated to the nucleus by progesterone, and are similar to estradiol (E2) induced sites by Scatchard binding and sucrose gradient analysis. Similar serum-dependent changes are also observed in the T47D human breast cancer cell line where growth in CDFCS-media results in 4-fold higher progestin binding levels than observed in CDCS-media. Our findings suggest the presence of non-dialyzable stimulatory factor(s) in CDFCS that influence the progestin receptor level and highlight the fact that serum components can alter dramatically the cellular progestin binding activity. PMID- 6672192 TI - Venous distension in the diabetic neuropathic foot (physical sign of arteriovenous shunting). AB - A new physical sign is described in the feet of a group of diabetic patients with ulcerating neuropathic problems, in which major venous distension of the veins on the dorsum of the foot and lower calf is seen. Elevation of the leg is required to an average height of 32.3 cm to cause collapse of these distended veins. It is suggested that this clinical sign indicates the presence of arteriovenous shunting in such neuropathic legs, and as such is a simple and useful measure of this abnormality. PMID- 6672193 TI - Use of Jonas Silicon-Silver prosthesis in erectile impotence. AB - Eleven patients presenting over the last three years with erectile impotence who have been treated by the insertion of the Jonas Silicon-Silver penile prosthesis are reviewed. The insertion of this prosthesis is a minor procedure. It has a simple design, low cost, no permanent erection or mechanical problems and an excellent cosmetic and functional result. PMID- 6672194 TI - Variable symptomatology in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis is uncommon enough to be placed low down on a list of differential diagnoses of any problem facing a general surgeon in a district hospital. In this paper, 4 cases of retroperitoneal fibrosis are described, all of whom presented within a 5-year period to the same surgeon; each described a different symptomatology. This paper serves to reiterate the diversity of presenting features in retroperitoneal fibrosis and to demonstrate that this condition may not be as rare as is widely believed. PMID- 6672195 TI - Locked knee and osteochondritis dissecans. AB - Two patients presenting with a locked knee are described. In both cases a loose body from an osteochondritis dissecans defect had wedged beneath the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus, creating a block to extension which could not be reduced. Arthroscopy and arthroscopic methods proved unsuccessful in the removal of the loose body. PMID- 6672196 TI - Assessment of hearing disability: discussion paper. PMID- 6672197 TI - Change in cognition during depression--psychopathological implications: discussion paper. PMID- 6672198 TI - Situs inversus and ciliary immotility. PMID- 6672199 TI - Septic discitis presenting as a psoas abscess. PMID- 6672201 TI - Aetiology of acute fatty liver of pregnancy. PMID- 6672200 TI - Sarcoidosis associated with Crohn's disease of ileum, mouth and oesophagus. PMID- 6672202 TI - Hypnotherapy for enuresis. PMID- 6672203 TI - Cardiac arrest and plasma catecholamines. PMID- 6672204 TI - Connective tissues: the natural fibre-reinforced composite material. PMID- 6672205 TI - Doctors in training and the dying patient. PMID- 6672206 TI - Foot blood flow in diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 6672207 TI - Nutrition in medical education. PMID- 6672208 TI - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study of the recovery characteristics of high energy phosphate compounds and intracellular pH after global ischaemia in the perfused guinea-pig heart. AB - The recovery of high energy phosphate compounds in perfused guinea-pig heart at 20 degrees C after a 12 min period of global ischaemia was examined using 31P-NMR with a time resolution of 12 s. This time resolution was achieved by overlaying the data acquired from five successive ischaemic periods by arresting and restoring the flow of perfusion fluid to the heart in synchrony with the data acquisition sequence. The rate of creatine phosphate resynthesis after the ischaemic period proceeded 14 times faster than its rate of loss during the ischaemic period. ATP levels did not decrease during ischaemia and ADP was undetectable at any time. Estimates of intracellular pH from the chemical shift of the inorganic phosphate peak were impossible in normal guinea-pigs since the inorganic phosphate peak was not clearly defined. During the ischaemic period the inorganic phosphate peak increased in size and shifted upfield. On restoration of flow, the inorganic phosphate peak collapsed in a complex way following a different path to its formation during ischaemia. PMID- 6672209 TI - Effect of locally released catecholamines on lipolysis and injury of the hypoxic isolated rabbit heart. AB - The ability of endogenous myocardial catecholamines to stimulate lipolysis of endogenous triglycerides and the role of this process in the development of myocardial injury were studied in isolated, Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart preparations exposed to 3 h of hypoxic perfusion followed by 30 min of aerobic perfusion. Untreated hearts responded not only to hypoxia but also to reoxygenation with surges of noradrenaline outflow lasting 10 and 5 min, respectively. During hypoxia but not during reoxygenation a parallel surge of glycerol outflow was observed. Nicotinic acid (10(-5) M) prevented glycerol outflow during hypoxia but did not influence the outflow of noradrenaline during either hypoxia or reoxygenation. Neither noradrenaline nor glycerol were detected in the effluent from the hearts depleted of endogenous catecholamines by reserpine pretreatment. Those hearts also showed a smaller lactate dehydrogenase release during hypoxia (49% reduction) and no increase in lactate dehydrogenase release during reoxygenation. Similar reduction of lactate dehydrogenase release during hypoxia (52% reduction) was observed in the hearts treated with nicotinic acid. This drug, however, did not prevent the reoxygenation-induced lactate dehydrogenase release. The effects of reserpinization and nicotinic acid treatment on lactate dehydrogenase release were not additive. It is concluded that hypoxia is a stimulus for lipolysis in the isolated rabbit heart and most probably this process is catecholamine dependent. At least part of the deleterious effect of endogenous catecholamines on hypoxic myocardium might be attributed to catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis of endogenous triglycerides. The latter, however, does not seem to contribute to deleterious effects of endogenous catecholamines during reoxygenation. PMID- 6672211 TI - Exposure assessment: problems and prospects. PMID- 6672212 TI - Exposure assessment: problems and prospects. PMID- 6672210 TI - Histochemical alterations of acute and chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. AB - Histochemical alterations of acute and chronic doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity in the mouse were assessed by the localization of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ), cytochrome oxidase (COX), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reduced glutathione (GSH), and intracellular calcium. Isolated myocytes intensely stained for calcium were found at 72 and 120 h under the acute protocol; altered staining patterns of SDH, CoQ, and COX, were evident at 120 h. Chronically, two patterns of intracellular calcium staining were evident: (1) intensely stained myocytes as found in the acute protocol; and (2) multiple discrete intracellular deposits suggestive of mitochondrial localization. Altered staining patterns of SDH, CoQ, COX, CPK, and LDH under the chronic protocol were only seen after abnormal staining was evident in trichrome stained sections. The presence of characteristic vacuolated myocardial cells in both acute and chronic protocols was confirmed by one micron epon-embedded toluidine blue stained sections and electron microscopy. These histochemical findings suggest that DOX alters the functional integrity of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes in the myocardial cell. PMID- 6672213 TI - Human exposure to environmental pollutants. PMID- 6672214 TI - Assessing diet in case-control studies of cancer. PMID- 6672215 TI - Food intake assessment in the United States. PMID- 6672216 TI - Exposure assessment as a tool in regulatory decisions to ensure food safety. PMID- 6672217 TI - Data sources and methods for estimating consumption of food components. PMID- 6672218 TI - NIOSH occupational health and hazard surveillance systems. PMID- 6672219 TI - Sources and interpretation of asbestos exposure data. PMID- 6672220 TI - Data sources and methods for ascertaining human exposure to drugs. AB - Estimates of population exposure based on drug use data are critical elements in the post marketing surveillance of drugs and provide a context for assessing the various risks and benefits associated with drug treatment. Such information is important in predicting morbidity and planning public health protection strategies, indepth studies, and regulatory actions. Knowledge that a population of one thousand instead of one million may potentially be exposed to a drug can help determine how a particular regulatory problem will be handled and would obviously be a major determinant in designing a case-control or cohort study. National estimates of drug use give an overview of the most commonly used drug therapies in current practice. They also furnish valuable comparison data for specific studies of drug use limited to one group of drugs, one geographic region, or one medical care setting. The FDA has access to several different national drug use data bases, each measuring a different point in the drug distribution channels. None covers the entire spectrum of drug exposures. The major "holes" in this patchwork of data bases are the inability to measure OTC drug use with any accuracy and the lack of qualitative information on drug use in hospitals. In addition, there is no patient linkage with the data. The data can only show trends in drug use. They impart no sense of the longitudinal use of drugs for individual patients. There is no direct connection between the different data bases, all of which have their own sampling frames and their own projection methodologies. The market research companies have complete control over these methodologies and they are subject to periodic changes, a situation not entirely satisfactory for epidemiologic research. Sometimes it is a struggle to keep up with these changes. Over the past two years, every one of these data bases has undergone some type of sampling or projection methodology change. One important limitation to the use of all of these data bases is that they are subscription data bases, that is, the FDA purchases the data under contract to the marketing research companies and by doing so assumes certain contract obligations. Anytime the FDA wants to release any data outside of the Agency, it must first notify the company in sufficient time for review and approval. Subscribing to these data bases is costly, but the subscription cost is insignificant, compared to the estimated cost of duplicating these services. In spite of all of the limitations of these systems, there are obvious advantages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6672221 TI - Mortality data from the National Vital Registration System as they relate to exposure assessment. PMID- 6672222 TI - Exposure assessment techniques used by EPA. PMID- 6672223 TI - Household survey data. PMID- 6672224 TI - A role for National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys in exposure assessment. PMID- 6672226 TI - Job exposure matrix methodology. PMID- 6672225 TI - Multimedia fate and transport models: an overview. AB - Several multimedia fate and transport models have been described. They basically fall into three classes: continuous (dynamic) site-specific models; generic (non site-specific) screening models; and simple equilibrium partitioning screening models. The hydrologic components of site-specific models are all based on the Stanford Watershed Model. They all link existing single media models (e.g., air, land, water), but are not yet completely coupled. For each site-specific model, there are plans to eventually allow for feedback between media. The screening models take a variety of approaches, are much less data intensive than the site specific models, and are mainly used to identify the media in which further efforts should be directed. As time goes on, many more multimedia methods will undoubtedly be developed and applied to problems of EPA concern. A major impediment to widespread use that needs to be overcome is a general lack of adequate data to test, calibrate, implement, and use the various models, particularly the more sophisticated ones. Many of the necessary monitoring data are lacking or inappropriate for modeling use, as are the needed chemical and environmental data. Therefore, modeling objectives will need to be considered in the planning of improved and expanded monitoring efforts. Better communication between users and modelers needs to be established (18). Bases of chemical and environmental data of known quality need to be developed, along with more structure-activity relationships for predicting chemical properties. In short, the widespread use of multimedia models will depend on the availability of data rather than on the availability of a model. PMID- 6672227 TI - Exposure estimates based on computer generated activity patterns. PMID- 6672229 TI - Epidemiology of epilepsy among school populations in Khartoum Province, Sudan. AB - This paper describes selected findings of a survey of epilepsy among the entire school population in Khartoum Province, Sudan. An operational clinical definition to identify pupils with major seizure attacks was used. Cases were detected in schools, hospitals and doctors' private clinics. One hundred and eighty-eight epileptic children were identified. Nine were excluded because of incomplete information. A prevalence rate of epilepsy of 0.9 per 1000 was estimated. This was found to be lower than other rates for European and American school children, reported in the literature. Possible reasons for this were discussed. Four-fifths of the epileptic pupils were on anticonvulsants, but half of these seemed not to be complying with the treatment. Many were having traditional treatment as well. More than a quarter of primary school teachers who were asked about their attitude towards epileptic pupils showed rejection to these children. PMID- 6672228 TI - Dental caries in South African rural black women who had large families and long lactations. AB - A general recommendation for good bone and teeth formation is that a high intake of calcium is essential. Some consider that pregnancy and lactation, with associated calcium depletion, could aggravate caries development. South African black mothers in rural areas have habitually low calcium intakes, and usually several pregnancies and long periods of lactation. To learn whether high parity is detrimental to caries scores, investigations were made on a selected total of 521 black mothers, 250 aged 35-44 years, and 271 aged 45-54 years. Each group was sub-divided into those with small families (1-3 children) or large families (5 + children). The numbers involved were 122 and 133 mothers, and 128 and 138 mothers, respectively. Studies revealed: black mothers had very much lower mean caries scores than values reported for white mothers, who are accustomed, inter alia, to high calcium intakes, have few children, and often no or short lactation periods; black mothers of large compared with small families did not have significantly higher mean caries scores; and upper and lower thirds of black mothers respecting calcium intake, and sugar intake, did not have significantly different mean caries scores. Hence, in the context studied, it would seem that high parity has no obvious effect on caries scores. PMID- 6672230 TI - Natural history of chagasic cardiopathy in Chile. Follow-up of 71 cases after 4 years. AB - As part of study of Chagasic cardiopathy in Chile we report a follow-up study of 100 cardiopathic patients from two endemic areas who had been diagnosed 4 years earlier during an epidemiological and clinical survey. The follow-up consisted of a clinical, serological and electrocardiographic examination, and a continuous ECG recording for 60 min to detect possible arrhythmias. From the original 100 cases, three had died: one of a gastric cancer and the other two due to probable chagasic cardiopathy. Twenty-six had migrated to other areas and were lost to our study. From the remaining 71 patients, 48 were asymptomatic and 23 had complaints including palpitations, dyspnoea and Stokes-Adams crisis. In most cases, seropositivity by indirect haemagglutination did not change, but in six cases the titres decreased, becoming negative in three of them. Xeno-diagnosis was positive in 19.3% of seropositive patients. The ECG had returned to normal in 18 cases (17%) but showed a higher degree of blockades in others, three of which reached complete A-V block. The 60 min ECG was very important as it showed alterations in 93% of the cases, revealing arrhythmias that the ECG alone did not show. This work demonstrates that chagasic cardiopathy in Chile is a slow, progressive disease, that attacks the heart as a whole, but with special damage to the conducting tissues. PMID- 6672231 TI - Absence of 'true' minimal change nephrotic syndrome in African children in South Africa. AB - Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) which is a well defined clinical, histopathological and therapeutic entity accounts for the majority of childhood nephrosis throughout the world except Africa. We describe 15 (13%) of 115 biopsy confirmed African children with nephrotic syndrome who had minimal change on light microscopy. These are compared to 42 biopsied Indian children with typical MCNS. The critical differences between African children and children with classical MCNS were the lack of a predictable response in eight of the former to steroids and cyclophosphamide and in a later peak age of presentation (7-8 years). These patients differed in most respects from minimal change seen in the malarial zones of North Africa except for clinical presentation. Minimal change in West and East Africa more closely approximates typical MCNS. Two of the African patients with minimal change had endemic syphilis and responded clinically to penicillin therapy. The clinical presentation in all the African children, the favourable short-term outcome in 12 of these patients, immunofluorescent (13 patients) and electron microscopic (three patients) findings, and selectivity of proteinuria (eight patients) paralleled that of classical MCNS. The implications of this study are that African children in South Africa with MCNS should not be treated with steroids or cyclophosphamide. There is no clear benefit in the use of these drugs in nephrotic children with obvious glomerular lesions and therefore it follows that such therapy should be avoided in all African children in South Africa with this disease. PMID- 6672232 TI - Preventive health care for mothers and children. A study in Mozambique. AB - This study seeks to evaluate the delivery of preventive mother and child health services in Maputo, Mozambique. Mozambique has given priority to primary health care in the development of its new National Health Service, with a principal focus on maternal and child health (MCH). Three health centres were selected, from areas of contrasting urban ecology. Prenatal and under-fives' clinics were observed at each health centre. It was found that at a technical level the preventive services were operating efficiently, with a coverage of over two thirds of the target population. However, frequency of attendance at both clinics was much lower in the poorer areas of the city. Additionally, it was observed that women and children identified as having a high risk status were rarely given more care and support. Nurses and midwives, frequently adopted an attitude more punitive than supportive to those most at risk. Notwithstanding these shortcomings, it is clear that significant advances in preventive MCH care are being achieved in a country where 6 years previously the only available health services were curative, and confined to the better-off urban districts. PMID- 6672233 TI - The at-risk concept. PMID- 6672235 TI - Pharmacological studies on a Nigerian herbal preparation: II. Anticonvulsant evaluation of cow's urine concoction (CUC) and its individual components. PMID- 6672234 TI - Intrauterine growth pattern of live-born infants of southern Iran compared with Western norms. PMID- 6672236 TI - Development of child mental health services in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6672237 TI - The epidemiologic transition theory. A preliminary update. PMID- 6672238 TI - Dental caries in primary school children in Benin City, Nigeria. PMID- 6672239 TI - Factors influencing primary health care: a look at a pediatric emergency unit. PMID- 6672240 TI - The status of child nutrition in the Gulf Arab states. PMID- 6672241 TI - Assessment of the nutritional status of pre-school children in Mahabad rural areas. PMID- 6672242 TI - The role of community groups in furthering the impact of primary health care. PMID- 6672243 TI - [Development of perfluorochemical formula]. PMID- 6672244 TI - [Experimental studies on O2 carrier during deep hypothermia]. PMID- 6672245 TI - [Etiological studies of pulmonary edema. 1. Effects of fluid overload on oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema]. PMID- 6672246 TI - [Prevention of platelet reduction during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation]. PMID- 6672247 TI - [Changes of lipoperoxide concentration in endotoxin shock]. PMID- 6672248 TI - [Clinical evaluation of acetate Ringer as intraoperative fluid for patients with liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6672249 TI - [Hepatic circulation, metabolism and damage during halothane anesthesia]. PMID- 6672250 TI - [Effects of ATP on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in resuscitated dogs]. PMID- 6672251 TI - [Anaphylactoid reaction following alcuronium administration: a case report]. PMID- 6672252 TI - [Anaphylactoid reactions and acute myocardial infarction following maxillary nerve block]. PMID- 6672253 TI - [Anesthetic management of carotid arterial aneurysm and vascular reconstruction]. PMID- 6672254 TI - [Spinal anesthesia for dystrophia myotonica]. PMID- 6672255 TI - [Matsuki's seven rules of anesthesia]. PMID- 6672257 TI - [30th general meeting of the Japan Society of Anesthesiology. Kobe, April 6-7, 1983. Abstracts]. PMID- 6672256 TI - [A newly designed pediatric laryngoscope]. PMID- 6672258 TI - On the absolute magnitude of the human lead vector. AB - Twelve cases with temporary artificial pacing were used to investigate on the efficacy of a bipolar current source within the heart to generate potential variations in Frank lead ECGs. A constant current, subthreshold square pulse was applied to the catheter electrodes and the artefact was recorded with the Frank system. Assuming that the Frank system was normalized and orthogonal, the lead vector magnitude was calculated as 0.58 ohm/cm on the average. The value of the lead vector was inversely related to the thorax size. The direction of the vector determined from the recorded potentials approximated the direction of the catheter tip on the X-ray film. In addition, similar measurements were made with a homogeneous torso model and the results were compared with those of clinical cases. PMID- 6672259 TI - Body surface distribution of exercise-induced ST depression in patients with angina pectoris. AB - In 38 patients with angina pectoris, 87 unipolar lead electrocardiograms were recorded from different sites over the entire thoracic surface both before and after submaximal treadmill exercise. The site of exercise-induced ST depression on the body surface was correlated with the findings of the coronary arteriography. The number of leads which showed exercise-induced ST depression was 7.2 +/- 1.8 in one vessel disease, 15.6 +/- 2.1 in two vessel disease, and 23.6 +/- 2.0 in three vessel disease (values are mean +/- SEM). Thus, the number of leads showing ST depression was proportional to the severity of the coronary artery disease. Exercise-induced ST depression was most often seen in left anterior chest leads, especially in V5 of the standard 12-ECG. However, it was not possible to identify the obstructed coronary artery from the body surface distribution of ST depression. PMID- 6672260 TI - Echocardiographic formula for computation of left ventricular volume and stroke volume. Comparison with cardiac catheterization and the Teichholz formula. AB - An elementary computational formula for estimating cardiac volume and stroke volume from either M-mode or bi-dimensional echographic data is developed from an analysis of retrospective catheterization, angiographic and echographic data. The proposed equation has the form, V = 0.01 D12/5, where V is the cardiac volume in ml, 0.01 is a unit conversion constant and D is the ventricular dimension in mm. The new model assumes the validity of the Teichholz correction factor to the volume of an ellipsoid of revolution as an approximation of left ventricular cardiac volume. Application of this model to retrospective echographic data reveals that the new formula enjoys an identical domain of validity as the Teichholz formula, deviating from this model by less than 1% over a range of cardiac volumes from 20 to 180 ml. Comparison of this cardiac volume formula with a series of 37 echographic and catheterization measurements of stroke volume yields a correlation of r = 0.95 with a standard error of S.E. = 14.3 ml in comparison with the Fick principle method for cardiac stroke volume. The results of this study suggest that the present expression offers a computational simplification of the Teichholz formula, facilitating modifications for other configurations while retaining this expressions favorable correlation with invasive measurements of cardiac volume. PMID- 6672261 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic classification of persistent truncus arteriosus. AB - Three cases with persistent truncus arteriosus, a 1-year-old boy with a type I, an 8-month-old girl with a type II, and a 5-year-old girl with type II, all confirmed by surgery, were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE). The 2-DE findings corresponded well with the actual anatomy as determined by direct visualization as well as angiogram. A "piling-up" method using 2-DE to reconstruct three-dimensional anatomical images is useful in making the correct diagnosis of persistent truncus arteriosus as well as typing this anomaly noninvasively. PMID- 6672262 TI - Chaotic echo motion in the left ventricular cavity. Visualization of ruptured chordae tendineae of the mitral valve by real-time two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - The aim of the present study is to perform a detailed analysis of the spot echoes which show chaotic motion of the left ventricular cavity of patients with ruptured chordae tendineae. The subjects were 12 patients with surgically documented ruptured chordae tendineae. They were carefully examined preoperatively by real-time two-dimensional echocardiography with a commercially available wide-angle phased array system (Toshiba SSH-11A). An abnormal moving spot echo was often seen instantaneously in the left ventricle. Its motion was chaotic, and it moved both longitudinally and laterally. Lateral movements were seen in 10 of the 12 subjects and were not found in any of 10 controls. The site of this echo in the left ventricle was identical with the site of the rupture of the mitral chordae confirmed during surgery. Therefore, it was concluded that the spot echo with chaotic motion represents a direct visualization of ruptured chordae. This chaotic motion is considered to be a useful clue in diagnosis. The lateral component (left to right) of the movement is especially important. However, one must carefully examine the left ventricular cavity with moving pictures over a period of many heart beats in order to detect these chaotic movements of spot echoes. PMID- 6672263 TI - Nonuniform action potential durations at different sites in canine left ventricle. AB - We studied the action potential duration (APD) of isolated ventricular muscle fibers. Action potentials were recorded from four different sites (endocardium and epicardium at the apex and the base) in the canine left ventricle by microelectrode techniques. Action potentials from endocardial and corresponding epicardial specimens, and the differential potential between them were recorded simultaneously. The APDs at 60% and 90% repolarization (APD60 and APD90) were measured during superfusion with normal (K+ = 2.7 mM) and altered (K+ = 5.4 mM) Tyrode's solutions. Results were: 1) the distributions of APDs agreed with previous descriptions from in vivo studies; 2) endo-epicardial APD gradients were different between the apex and the base, and apico-basal APD gradients were different between endocardium and epicardium; 3) the shapes of the differential potentials in normal and altered Tyrode's solution were similar to the electrocardiographic T wave form in normal and in mild hyperkalemia. It was concluded that nonhomogeneous APDs may be due to the inherent characteristics of cardiac muscle and the nonuniform endo-epicardial APD gradient helps to account for the genesis of the electrocardiographic T wave form. PMID- 6672264 TI - Studies on the effects of hyperkalemia on serum and myocardial digoxin concentration in dogs. AB - The effects of hyperkalemia on serum and myocardial digoxin (DX) concentration was studied in conjunction with hemodynamic changes in 31 normal dogs. The myocardial DX concentration in the hyperkalemic (HK) group was significantly lower than that in normokalemic (NK) group, despite a significantly higher serum DX concentration in the HK group. In the HK group, the myocardial sodium concentration was significantly lower than in the NK group. Coincident with these biochemical changes, no increase of LV max dP/dt after DX administration was observed in the HK group. These results suggest that there might be competitive antagonism between myocardial uptake of potassium and DX. PMID- 6672265 TI - Cardiovascular effects of digitalis on intact dogs and isolated cross-perfused atria. AB - The chronotropic effects of digoxin and deslanoside were studied in canine atria cross-perfused with heparinized arterial blood from donor dogs. Intravenous injections of either drug (100 micrograms/Kg) into the donor dog produced bradycardia followed by ventricular tachyarrhythmia, with or without hypertension, in the donor dog. A significant increase in the developed tension was observed in the isolated atria, with or without slight sinus acceleration. These effects continued over 150 min after the injection. Digoxin (200 micrograms/Kg, i.v.) caused an immediate bradycardia followed by ventricular tachycardia. In addition, ventricular fibrillation occurred in 3 out of 5 donor dogs within 20 min of the drug administration. In isolated atria, there was a marked increase in the developed tension, usually with a little sinus tachycardia. Deslanoside (200 micrograms/Kg, i.v.) caused almost the same response patterns as digoxin. However, this dose of deslanoside caused ventricular fibrillation in all 6 experiments. Drug concentrations in the donor's arterial blood decreased rapidly for 15-20 min and then decreased slowly in all experiments. It is concluded that digoxin and deslanoside have no significant direct accelerating action on the SA node in doses which produced marked increases in the developed tension; only extremely high doses cause a direct, slight sinus acceleration. PMID- 6672266 TI - [Ultrasonography in detecting hematologic diseases]. PMID- 6672267 TI - [Decreased sodium influx in leaky red cell membranes in familial lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency]. PMID- 6672268 TI - [Periodic thrombocytopenia occurring during the incubation period of measles]. PMID- 6672269 TI - [Colony forming unit assay in chronic idiopathic neutropenia]. PMID- 6672270 TI - [Multiple myeloma associated with asbestosis]. PMID- 6672271 TI - [Neutrophil functions in the aged]. PMID- 6672272 TI - [Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in a child]. PMID- 6672274 TI - [Abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with chronic consumption coagulopathy and cerebral hemorrhage]. PMID- 6672273 TI - [Hodgkin's disease with bone marrow involvement and variegated hemophagocytosis in the terminal stage]. PMID- 6672275 TI - [Acute polyradiculoneuritis with thrombocytopenia following rubella infection]. PMID- 6672276 TI - [Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with prominent hypocomplementemia and marked bone marrow infiltration of immunoblast]. PMID- 6672277 TI - [Effect of transplacentally transferred gastric antibody on infant's gastric mucosa]. PMID- 6672278 TI - [A case of neuroblastoma with bone marrow necrosis]. PMID- 6672279 TI - [Pathological diagnosis of lymphoma]. PMID- 6672280 TI - [Histopathological diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease: diagnostic criteria]. PMID- 6672281 TI - [Histopathologic classification of Hodgkin's disease, with special reference to Rye's classification]. PMID- 6672282 TI - [Hodgkin's disease staging classification and procedures, with special reference to Ann Arbor classification]. PMID- 6672283 TI - [Mode of spread and staging in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6672284 TI - [Staging of Hodgkin's disease and choice of treatment]. PMID- 6672286 TI - [Morphological classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. International Working Formulation and Japanese classification]. PMID- 6672285 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Japan]. PMID- 6672287 TI - [Radiation therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma based on clinical staging of the disease]. PMID- 6672288 TI - [Chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma based on clinical staging of the disease]. PMID- 6672289 TI - [Extra-nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 6672290 TI - [Radiographic staging of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 6672291 TI - [Pathophysiology of platelet anomalies and its analysis. (2). Examination of platelet adhesiveness]. PMID- 6672292 TI - [Pathophysiology of platelet anomalies and its analysis. (3). Platelet aggregation, with special reference to clinical evaluation of the platelet aggregation in patients with diabetes mellitus and those under chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 6672293 TI - [Pathophysiology of platelet anomalies and its analysis. (5). The effect of human platelets on the initiation mechanism of intrinsic blood coagulation]. PMID- 6672294 TI - [Measurement of serum complement hemolytic activity--effect of separation and storage conditions of the serum and reference values]. PMID- 6672295 TI - [Measurement of sodium and potassium in red blood cells. (VIII). Method of adjustment for plasma osmotic pressure (plasma Na concentration)]. PMID- 6672296 TI - [Measurement of fibrinogen in heparinized plasma using Polybrene]. PMID- 6672297 TI - [Measurement of plasma fibronectin by laser nephelometry]. PMID- 6672298 TI - [Measurement of magnesium in the human sera with xylidyl-blue I. I. The effect of phosphate ion]. PMID- 6672300 TI - [Chemiluminescence assay for human natural killer cell activity]. PMID- 6672299 TI - [Inhibition of the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity by free fatty acids]. PMID- 6672301 TI - [Comparison of enzyme activities at reaction temperatures of 30 and 37 degrees C]. PMID- 6672302 TI - [Seldinger's technics]. PMID- 6672303 TI - [Cerebral angiography and embolization of external carotid artery area]. PMID- 6672304 TI - [Orbital venography]. PMID- 6672305 TI - [Thyroid angiography]. PMID- 6672306 TI - [Cineangiography of coronary arteries and left heart ventricle]. PMID- 6672307 TI - [Retrograde azygography]. PMID- 6672308 TI - [Internal mammary arteriography. Diagnostic and therapeutic use]. PMID- 6672309 TI - [Celiac and superior mesenteric arteriography]. PMID- 6672311 TI - [Lumbar epidural venography]. PMID- 6672310 TI - [Radicular arteriography]. PMID- 6672312 TI - [Pelvic angiography]. PMID- 6672313 TI - [Pneumoencephalotomography]. PMID- 6672314 TI - [Myelography]. PMID- 6672315 TI - [Dacryocystography]. PMID- 6672316 TI - [Nasopharyngography]. PMID- 6672317 TI - [Radiography of the salivary gland]. PMID- 6672318 TI - [Bronchography]. PMID- 6672319 TI - [Selective alveolo-bronchography]. PMID- 6672320 TI - [Tomographic pneumomediastinography]. PMID- 6672321 TI - [Radiography of the gastrointestinal system]. PMID- 6672322 TI - [Cholecystography]. PMID- 6672323 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography]. PMID- 6672324 TI - [Radiography of the urinary tract]. PMID- 6672325 TI - [Lymphography]. PMID- 6672326 TI - [Hysterosalpingography]. PMID- 6672327 TI - [Contrast media and its progress]. PMID- 6672328 TI - [CT x-ray of hilar lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 6672329 TI - [Computed tomography of the bronchovascular anatomy. 2. Right middle lobe, left lingular division and lower lobes]. PMID- 6672330 TI - [Carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus associated with Plummer Vinson syndrome, with special reference to precancerous condition]. PMID- 6672331 TI - [Werner's syndrome]. PMID- 6672332 TI - [Hyperostosis frontalis interna]. PMID- 6672333 TI - [Pulmonary varices -- a case report]. PMID- 6672334 TI - [Arterial-portal shunt in cavernous hemangioma of the liver]. PMID- 6672335 TI - [Selective arterial embolization for hemobilia]. PMID- 6672336 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of acute gangrenous cholecystitis and pericholecystic abscess]. PMID- 6672337 TI - [Recurrent ischemic colitis with dermatomyositis]. PMID- 6672338 TI - [Radiation therapy planning system using computed tomographic image]. PMID- 6672339 TI - [Osteoid osteoma of the thumb]. PMID- 6672341 TI - [The 82d annual meeting of the Japanese Dermatological Association. 3-5 April 1983, Osaka. Abstracts]. PMID- 6672340 TI - [Thyroid scintigraphy of Plummer's disease]. PMID- 6672342 TI - [Reflux esophagitis in progressive systemic sclerosis. (1) Nocturnal gastroesophageal motility in recumbent position]. PMID- 6672343 TI - [Clinicopathological studies of esophageal varices. Vascular structure of the esophageal wall]. PMID- 6672344 TI - [Measurement of regional gastric mucosal blood flow in chronic gastric ulcer and polypectomy-induced ulcer]. PMID- 6672345 TI - [Tissue fibrinolysis and hemostatic functions in gastric cancer]. PMID- 6672346 TI - [Factors influencing the course of chronic liver diseases--retrospective study of patients with history of blood transfusion]. PMID- 6672347 TI - [Sequential studies of the effects of long-term alcohol administration on the liver tissue and immunologic responses in mice]. PMID- 6672349 TI - [Experimental chronic pancreatitis by papilla fixation]. PMID- 6672350 TI - [Hereditary angioneurotic edema with interesting radiographic findings in the small intestine]. PMID- 6672348 TI - [Modulation of antibody response by sex hormones]. PMID- 6672351 TI - [Arteriovenous fistula caused by cavernous hemangioma of the spleen]. PMID- 6672352 TI - [RNase activities in normal intestinal mucosa and colonic cancer]. PMID- 6672353 TI - [Correlation between serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity and ADL in the aged]. PMID- 6672354 TI - [Oxidative phosphorylation of liver mitochondria in the aged rats]. PMID- 6672355 TI - [Age factors in myasthenia gravis: comparison of cases with the first onset prior to age 50 and over 50]. PMID- 6672357 TI - [Multivariate analysis of nutrition and serum lipids]. PMID- 6672356 TI - [Studies on serum lipid peroxide values and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activities in the aged]. PMID- 6672358 TI - [Clinical observation of stomach neoplasms in the aged]. PMID- 6672359 TI - [Hand dexterity related to age: pegboard test as an indicator of aging and brain dysfunction]. PMID- 6672360 TI - [CT diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 6672361 TI - Abstracts of papers communicated at the 27th annual meeting of the Japan Society of Human Genetics, 1982. PMID- 6672362 TI - [Cancer-predisposing genes and chromosome mutation]. PMID- 6672363 TI - Red cell glyoxalase II type in a Japanese population. PMID- 6672364 TI - A research of consanguinity in Japanese young couples. PMID- 6672365 TI - The first case of the Antley-Bixler syndrome with a consanguinity in Japan. PMID- 6672366 TI - A case of Klinefelter's syndrome with high intelligence level. PMID- 6672367 TI - Rapid procedures for prenatal diagnosis of Cockayne syndrome. PMID- 6672368 TI - [Phase analysis in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: correlations to surgically confirmed accessory conduction pathways]. PMID- 6672369 TI - [Necessity of oblique views in liver scintigraphy--with special reference to detection of localized foci]. PMID- 6672370 TI - [Fourier phase analysis of the left ventricle by first pass angiocardiography using a multi-crystal gamma camera--evaluation of statistical precision and reproducibility]. PMID- 6672371 TI - [Experimental study for cancer diagnosis with 18FDG: differential diagnosis of inflammation from malignant tumor]. PMID- 6672372 TI - [Redistribution pattern of exercise stress myocardial scintigraphy: its correlation to coronary-arteriographic findings]. PMID- 6672373 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of "Eiken" thyroglobulin radioimmunoassay kit]. PMID- 6672374 TI - [Study of suckling behavior in the rat: the effects of food deprivation of pups and lactational age of mother]. AB - The effects of food deprivation (0-1, 2-3, and 22-23 h) of pups and of lactational age of mother (1-7 days, 16-22 days and own mother) upon suckling behavior of pups were investigated with the mother anesthetized. The effect of food deprivation was not evident prior to 11 days of age but deprived pups showed higher level of suckling than non-deprived pups at 16 and 21 days of age (Experiment 1). The effect of lactational age of mother was not found at 6-17 days of age but pups at 1-2 and 21-22 days of age showed lower level of suckling to the anesthetized mother which differed in lactational age from their own mother (Experiment 2). PMID- 6672375 TI - [Examination of AB therapist type hypothesis]. AB - This study examined the AB therapist type hypothesis: An A therapist type is more effective with schizophrenics, a B therapist type is more effective with neurotics. In this study, contrasting with the previous AB type studies which used frequently the AB type scale, the scale was only supplementarily used. In Examination I, 66 subjects were chosen from experienced male therapists, and the types of the subjects were determined by their self ratings. The subjects were asked whether their personality traits are similar to schizophrenics or neurotics. The existence of AB type was supported by their answer, and it was found that the similarity in their personality to each patient type was important factor of AB type. There was no relation between the AB type scale and AB type which was determined by the self rating. Examination II was conducted to examine the reliability of the self ratings. AB type based on the self rating and AB type based on ratings by others were compaired with subjects of 13 male therapists. Results were that both ratings were identical in all four experienced therapists whereas only two out of seven less experienced therapists. The result was considered to indicate that the self ratings were reliable. PMID- 6672376 TI - [Relationship between verbal information processing and CNV pattern: effects of the numbers of letter and word upon CNV components]. AB - The present experiment was designed to examine the effects of the numbers of letter and word upon CNV components, by using a modified Sternberg's paradigm. The results indicated that CNV amplitude decreased and CNV rising time increased as a function of the numbers of letter and word. CNV resolution time increased with the number of word, while no increase in resolution time was observed with the number of letter. These findings were discussed in relation to recent information processing models. PMID- 6672377 TI - [Vascular-volume compensation method for noninvasive measurement of instantaneous arterial blood pressure: its usefulness in psychological research]. AB - A new method of measuring blood pressure proposed previously by us (1980) was examined to evaluate its usefulness and applicability for psychological research. In this method, beat-to-beat systolic and diastolic pressures and pressure waveforms of the human finger are measured noninvasively by the use of a volume servocontrol system, in which vascular volume changes, associated with intraarterial pressure and photo-plethysmographically detected, are compensated by an applied counterpressure (cuff pressure) to maintain a proper value corresponding to the unloaded vascular volume. At this state, the servocontrolled cuff pressure follows the intraarterial pressure instantaneously. Comparative data with direct measurement from the brachial artery were analyzed in a normotensive and a hypertensive subjects, and fairly valid regression coefficients as well as highly significant correlation coefficients were obtained between these two methods in each subject under various conditions. The present system can be used without any discomfort for the measurement of instantaneous arterial pressure for more than one hour, since the blood circulation in the finger is maintained. This system, therefore, was found to be an useful and practical means to study human subjects in various fields of psychology. PMID- 6672378 TI - [A study of rotating figure reconstruction by cerebral palsied children]. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine cerebral palsied children's characteristics in rotating figure reconstruction. Shochi's Block Design Test (1971) was used as the method for 30 cerebral palsied children (age 5-13) and 30 normal children (age 5-10). The cerebral palsied children had some difficulties in rotating figure reconstruction in comparison with that of normal children. But there was no difference in the directions of rotation between the two groups of children. It was found that the developmental trends of the performance of both groups were evident by increasing ages, but the trends of the cerebral palsied children were more delayed than the normal children. This was because the cerebral palsied children were staying at the motor level by their restricted experience and their delayed maturation. And it was also due to their difficulties in reconstruct the figures in relation to image, to reflective scheme and to their own motor scheme under the rotating condition. PMID- 6672379 TI - [Effects competition and cooperation between two participants on a third one's heart rate, problem solving, and cognitive responses in triad]. AB - Forty-two women's junior college students, healthy and aged 19 to 20 years, were divided into two (competitive or cooperative) groups, each consisting of seven triads. A problem solving task was given to each triad with two ("paired") participants instructed to be either competitive or cooperative. Mean heart rate during problem solving increased in both groups, but the degree of the heart rate increment showed significant differences as a function of group condition and position within triad. The heart rate of competitive participants increased more than the third ("isolated") one, while that of cooperative participants increased less. Analyses of the task performance and cognitive responses suggested that hyperarousal was induced in the isolated participant under the cooperative situation. PMID- 6672380 TI - [Trial equipment to measure skin conductance, based on the recommendations of The Society for Psychophysiological Research]. AB - It has been recommended by The Society for Psychophysiological Research (USA) that skin conductance should be recorded by the application of constant voltage 0.5 V across the electrodes, and the resultant current should be measured by the amplification of potential across a small resistor in series with the skin. A simple and inexpensive circuit has been recommended for this purpose. However, we cannot afford the same circuit in Japan, since the reference diode LM 113 T is not available. A Japanese version for this purpose is proposed, with satisfactory results. PMID- 6672381 TI - Operative arteriography: an indicator for infrainguinal bypass. AB - Preceding infrainguinal artery bypass surgery, a complete arteriographic delineation of the recipient artery is not always feasible. For 13 out of 63 patients with occlusion of the infrainguinal arteries, distinct delineation could not be accomplished with preoperative angiography. However, prebypass operative arteriography was successful in 8 of the 13. In 5, we performed bypass surgery on vessels not visualized on the preoperative angiography. In the other 3, bypass was performed on vessels in which the status of the distal circulation had not been well defined, although the popliteal and infrapopliteal arteries were partially visualized on the preoperative angiography. Intraoperative arteriograms -a technique requiring operative exploration of the target vessel--can significantly improve the visualization of the recipient artery and the distal circulation. Therefore, prebypass operative arteriography may become another indicator for arterial bypass surgery. PMID- 6672382 TI - Malignant thymoma associated with liposarcoma of the mediastinum--a case report. AB - Malignant thymoma occurring concurrently with mediastinal liposarcoma in a 49 year-old man is described. The patient underwent an incomplete resection of the mediastinal mass followed by irradiation therapy and additional chemotherapy. He died about 9 months after the detection of a mediastinal mass on chest X-ray films and the immediate cause of death was superior vena cava syndrome. The incidence of primary liposarcoma of the mediastinum alone is extremely rare. Only a few more than 20 with such a lesion have been documented in Japan. A review of the literature of patients with mediastinal liposarcoma and thymoma associated with malignancies revealed no case of an association of thymoma and liposarcoma. PMID- 6672383 TI - Intracystic carcinoma of the breast in an elderly man. AB - An eighty year old man with a mass in the left breast visited our department on October 27, 1980. Examination disclosed a smooth surfaced, round, elastic soft, 3 cm in diameter sized, non-tender mass underneath the left nipple. Mammogram showed a well defined oval opacity and echogram showed a cystic lesion. The mass was punctured and dark brown fluid was aspirated, but there were no malignant cells. The cyst was extirpated and a rice grain sized mass was found in the cyst wall. Histologically, it was diagnosed as non-infiltrating medullary tubular carcinoma. On November 27, 1980, simple mastectomy revealed no histological evidence of a residual cancer. PMID- 6672384 TI - Experimental ischemic colitis in dogs. AB - Experimental ischemic colitis was produced in 42 dogs by either ligation (ligation group, n=18) or temporary occlusion of the mesenteric vessels (temporary occlusion group, n=24) and changes in the local blood flow in the bowel were measured by the hydrogen clearance method. Tissue damage similar to damage seen in patients with ischemic colitis were produced in both of these groups. There was a close correlation between the severity of the ischemia and the ensuing tissue damages. In the ligation group, the tissue damages ranging from erosions or minute ulcerations to diffuse ulcerations occurred when the local blood flow was measured at 30 minutes after the ligation and was below 50 per cent of the basal flow. In the temporary occlusion group, the tissue damages were observed when the local blood flow was below 40 per cent of the basal flow and the occlusion was maintained for over two hours. PMID- 6672385 TI - Endogenous endotoxin absorption and the role of intestinal lymphatics. AB - We investigated the absorption routes of endotoxin derived from the intestine of rabbits with or without thoracic duct lymph drainage (TDLD). The intestinal circulatory disorders induced were superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) and superior mesenteric vein occlusion (SMVO). Detection and quantitation of endotoxin in plasma and lymph were carried out using a synthetic chromogenic substrate (peptide-4-methyl-coumarin amide, MCA). In the SMAO group, endotoxin levels in portal plasma exceeded levels in lymph from the thoracic duct throughout the experiment, and in the SMVO group, the relationship was reversed. In peripheral arterial blood, endotoxin levels were significantly lower in rabbits with TDLD than in those with intact lymphatic system. Intestinal lymphatics probably play an important role in appearance of systemic endotoxemia in non-septic shock. PMID- 6672386 TI - Acquired B antigen and polyagglutination in a patient with gastric cancer. AB - Erythrocytes from a patient with blood type of A1 became nongenetically reactive with A (anti-B) serum, following the development of gastric cancer. Transient polyagglutinability was also apparent. The in vitro acetylation of the erythrocyte antigens abolished both the acquired B antigen and the polyagglutination. Although incubation of the heterologous type A1 erythrocytes with the patient's serum did not produce B antigen, deacetylase activity in the serum seems to relate to the acquired B antigen. In this case, either ileus as a result of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach, or urinary tract infections could be the cause of the acquired B antigen. PMID- 6672387 TI - Effects of hemodynamic changes induced by hyper- or hypothermia on intravenous lipid clearance rate and lipoprotein lipase activity in dogs. AB - Hyper- and hypothermia was induced in dogs by peritoneal perfusion with warm or cold Lactate-Ringer's solution, the objective being to alter cardiac output. Changes in cardiac index, intravenous lipid clearance rate (K-value), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, concomitantly with changes of the temperature of the mixed venous blood were investigated. The cardiac index increased significantly with the hyperthermia and there was a close correlation between the cardiac index and the K-value. The LPL activity did not change significantly with changes in blood temperature, and the correlation between the LPL activity and the K-value was not significant. The hemodynamics has to be considered when attempting to discuss the intravenous lipid clearance rate. PMID- 6672388 TI - Adjuvant effect of heparin on peritonitis induced in rats. AB - The caecal apex in rats was ligated and animals given no treatment died at an early period. When kanamycin intraperitoneally (i.p.) or kanamycin i.p. plus heparin 20 units subcutaneously (s.c.) were given, 75 per cent of rats died within 10 days after development of peritonitis. In rats given kanamycin and heparin i.p., 25 per cent of rats died at much the same time. On the contrary, survival rates were 100 per cent in rats treated with kanamycin and heparin i.p. and heparin s.c. (total dose of heparin was same as given to other groups). In these rats, bacteria were not cultured from the fluid obtained in the peritoneal cavity. These results suggest that when heparin is given i.p. or s.c., it plays a significant role as an adjuvant in the treatment of peritonitis along with the usual chemotherapy. PMID- 6672390 TI - General rules for clinical and pathological studies on cancer of the colon, rectum and anus. Part I. Clinical classification. Japanese Research Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. PMID- 6672389 TI - Prevention of gastroesophageal reflux using Nissen fundoplication in the staged repair of esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula. AB - To prevent the reflux of gastric contents into the bronchial tree through the tracheoesophageal fistula in patients with esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, Nissen fundoplication was performed in the first-stage repair of staged operations. After elimination of the pulmonary complication, a correction of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula was successfully performed through the extrapleural route at the age of 16 days. Thus, because Nissen fundoplication is simple to perform and effective in preventing gastroesophageal reflux, this procedure is considered to be useful in the staged repair of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula. PMID- 6672391 TI - General rules for clinical and pathological studies on cancer of the colon, rectum and anus. Part II. Histopathological classification. Japanese Research Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. PMID- 6672392 TI - [Funnel chest associated with diaphragmatic relaxation]. PMID- 6672393 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 6672394 TI - [Hemodynamic study shortly after intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot in adults]. PMID- 6672395 TI - [Local cardiac hypothermia with or without cardioplegia in aortic valve surgery]. PMID- 6672396 TI - [J stylet method for the fixation of the atrial lead]. PMID- 6672397 TI - [Hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator for infants and children]. PMID- 6672398 TI - [Computerized Moire topography before and after surgery of funnel chest]. PMID- 6672399 TI - [Diagnosis and management of constrictive pericarditis following cardiac surgery]. PMID- 6672400 TI - [Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft for cyanotic heart diseases in infants]. PMID- 6672401 TI - [Emergency tracheal reconstruction for tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 6672402 TI - [Successful management of pericardial cyst with a peculiar shape]. PMID- 6672403 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at the 25th annual meeting of the Japan Society of Smooth Muscle Research (II)]. PMID- 6672404 TI - Airway obstruction responsible for genesis of deformation of expiratory-oxygen concentration curve in chickens. PMID- 6672405 TI - Electron microscopy of the canine apocrine sweat duct. PMID- 6672407 TI - Does estrogen influence the development of Leydig cells in fetal and early neonatal rats? PMID- 6672406 TI - Chronic toxicity of methylmercury chloride in rats: clinical study and chemical analysis. PMID- 6672408 TI - Tumorigenesis and anemia in mice induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. PMID- 6672409 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on experimental infection of mice against Clostridium chauvoei. PMID- 6672410 TI - Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in feral pigeons. PMID- 6672411 TI - Spontaneous rhabdomyosarcoma in a young rat. PMID- 6672412 TI - Prevalence of Chlamydia psittaci in pet birds maintained in public places or in close human contact. PMID- 6672413 TI - Isolation and serological survey of Chlamydia psittaci in feral pigeons from Japan. PMID- 6672414 TI - Clouded leopard, Neofelis neburosa, new host for Dirofilaria immitis. PMID- 6672415 TI - Solitary plasmacytoma originating from the rectum in a dog. PMID- 6672416 TI - Urinary estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle of the orangutan. PMID- 6672417 TI - Serological characterization of Clostridium septicum strains isolated from clinical materials of chickens and cows. PMID- 6672418 TI - [Tuberculosis in dialysis patients. 12. Tuberculin skin reaction]. PMID- 6672419 TI - [Short-term chemotherapy for juvenile tuberculosis]. PMID- 6672420 TI - [Nutritional assessment of tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 6672421 TI - [Respiratory failure due to tuberculosis: clinical studies]. PMID- 6672422 TI - [Comparative evaluation of 2 indirect methods of estimating sinoatrial conduction time]. PMID- 6672423 TI - [Premature ventricular excitation in bundle-branch blocks]. PMID- 6672424 TI - [Electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with multifascicular blocks]. PMID- 6672425 TI - [Evaluation of the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis systems in young men after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6672426 TI - [Ventilation and respiratory mechanics in patients with chronic post-infarction circulatory failure]. PMID- 6672427 TI - [Prediction of postoperative pressure between the right and left ventricles in tetralogy of Fallot based on angiocardiographic findings]. PMID- 6672428 TI - [Damage occurring as the result of complete mechanical jaundice and degree of reversibility (experimental observations)]. PMID- 6672429 TI - [Non-parasitic solitary cysts of the liver and kidneys]. PMID- 6672430 TI - [Treatment of perforations of hepatic echinococci into the biliary tract]. PMID- 6672431 TI - [Echinococcosis in a rarely encountered site]. PMID- 6672432 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of hiatal hernia]. PMID- 6672433 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of perforated and bleeding duodenal ulcers combined with truncal vagotomy]. PMID- 6672434 TI - [Surgical treatment of traumatic injuries of the thoracic duct and report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6672435 TI - [Congenital atresia of the large intestine]. PMID- 6672436 TI - [Electromanometric changes in large intestine motility in functional disorders of defecation in children]. PMID- 6672437 TI - [Surgical treatment of skin defects as a result of mechanical trauma]. PMID- 6672438 TI - [Use of chlorhexidine to control hospital infections following bladder surgery]. PMID- 6672439 TI - [Use of naniprus during urologic surgery on patients with renal hypertension]. PMID- 6672440 TI - [Foreign bodies in the rectum]. PMID- 6672441 TI - [HLA system and acute appendicitis in childhood]. PMID- 6672442 TI - [Retrosternal plastic repair of the esophagus after 2 unsuccessful attempts using the right colon and jejunum]. PMID- 6672444 TI - [Reconstructive surgery on traumatically injured blood vessels with report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6672443 TI - [Surgical treatment of giant mediastinal bronchogenic cysts]. PMID- 6672445 TI - [New method of creating and reinforcing anastomoses of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6672446 TI - [Multi-stage surgical procedures for cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 6672447 TI - [Villous tumors of the large intestine and rectum--diagnosis and choice of method of surgery]. PMID- 6672448 TI - [Postoperative hernias and eventrations]. PMID- 6672449 TI - [Reoperation on the biliary tract]. PMID- 6672450 TI - Arginase activity in peripheral erythrocytes in developing individuals. PMID- 6672451 TI - The second-look operation for management of cancer of the ovary. PMID- 6672452 TI - Massive cerebellar infarction with obstructive hydrocephalus--a case report. PMID- 6672453 TI - Parkinsonism associated with a brain tumor--a case of convexity meningioma. PMID- 6672454 TI - Studies on the mechanism of glucocorticoid hormone induced alterations in rat thymic transcription--I. Evidence from reconstituted cross-over transcription assays that sequential increases and decreases in transcription are due to changes in the activity of RNA polymerase II rather than in the activity of chromatin template. AB - In experiments to determine the mechanism of glucocorticoid induced decreases in thymic transcription, adrenalectomized rats were injected with hydrocortisone (50 mg/kg) or vehicle. Thymic nuclei were used to prepare chromatins and soluble nuclear extracts containing RNA polymerase II for cross-over experiments. With calf thymus DNA or rat thymic chromatins as templates limiting RNA polymerase II from rats treated with hydrocortisone 3 h previously had 130% of the [3H]UMP incorporating activity of RNA polymerase II from control vehicle treated rats. In contrast, limiting RNA polymerase II from rats treated with hydrocortisone 12 h previously had 40-50% of the [3H]UMP incorporating activity of RNA polymerase II from controls. When limiting calf thymus DNA or rat thymic chromatins were used in 12 h cross-over experiments. Individual RNA polymerases II produced equal [3H]UMP incorporations, but RNA polymerase II activity from hydrocortisone treated rats was again only 50% of control values. Thus with template saturation, RNA polymerase II from hydrocortisone treated rats could not transcribe rat thymic chromatin templates to the level achieved by RNA polymerase II from control rats. This suggests that the activity, rather than the amount, of RNA polymerase II from hydrocortisone treated rats is reduced. Double reciprocal plots of [3H]UMP incorporation on rat chromatins with increasing concentrations of RNA polymerases II were made at 12 h. The apparent Km for RNA polymerase II from animals treated with hydrocortisone was identical to that of RNA polymerase II from controls, but the Vmax of RNA polymerase II from hydrocortisone treated animals was reduced. These data suggest the presence of an inhibitor of transcription or an RNA polymerase II defective in its capacity to initiate and/or elongate RNA transcripts. Further experiments demonstrated that these effects were not due to steroid induced changes in ribonuclease or protease activities. PMID- 6672455 TI - Comparison of corticosteroid binder IB with the alpha-chymotrypsin- and RNase treated hepatic glucocorticoid receptors. AB - Rat liver and kidney cytosolic extracts contain the glucocorticoid receptor (binder II) and corticosteroid binder IB, both of which possess the steroid- and DNA-binding domains. Since it has been speculated that the smaller binder IB may be generated from binder II by proteolysis, the chymotrypsin-produced receptor fragment in rat liver cytosol has been compared with binder IB in terms of charge, size and DNA binding characteristics. The [3H]triamcinolone acetonide receptor complex is converted to a smaller fragment by short term digestion (10 degrees C, 30 min) with 100 micrograms/ml alpha-chymotrypsin. Although the chymotrypsin fragment produced from previously heat-activated binder II and binder IB both exhibit DNA-binding capability, they differ in charge and size. Whereas the alpha-chymotrypsin-treated receptor has a Stokes radius of 30 A and elutes from DEAE-cellulose at 0.06 M potassium phosphate in a linear salt gradient, binder IB has a Stokes radius of 20 A and elutes in the buffer wash of the DEAE-cellulose column. Thus, while binder IB can be resolved from the heat activated form of the [3H]TA-receptor on DEAE, the heat activated alpha chymotrypsin product elutes from the anion exchange resin at the same ionic strength as intact activated binder II (i.e. at 0.05 M potassium phosphate), and the unactivated intact receptor elutes at about 0.20 M potassium phosphate. A more extended digestion with alpha-chymotrypsin (24 h, 0 degrees C) results in elimination of the DNA binding site without further reduction of the Stokes radius or change in the elution pattern from DEAE-cellulose. Furthermore, molybdate completely blocks formation of binder IB but does not inhibit the production of the receptor fragment by alpha-chymotrypsin. Treatment of the hepatic [3H]TA-receptor complex with RNase has no effect on the charge, size or DNA binding properties of the bound receptor. These results suggest that RNase does not activate the [3H]TA-receptor complex nor does it produce a IB-like component in the liver cytosol. The present results are consistent with the hypothesis that binder IB is formed in vitro by a process which may not involve proteolytic cleavage or RNase-induced modification of the glucocorticoid receptor (binder II). PMID- 6672456 TI - Changes in nuclear translocation of estradiol-receptor complex in anterior pituitary and uterus of rats with streptozotocin diabetes. AB - We have studied estradiol (E2) receptor nuclear translocation in anterior pituitary and uterus of ovariectomized control and diabetic rats one month after diabetes induction with Streptozotocin. Animals were pretreated with a low (0.5 microgram/100 g) or a high (25 micrograms/100 g) E2 dose 60 min before killing for the pituitary nuclear translocation. We observed that with the low E2 dose, nuclear translocation was reduced in pituitary from diabetic rats; the low dose given for 4 days also resulted in reduced induction of cytosolic progestin receptors in the pituitary and lower serum prolactin response in the diabetic group. With the 25 micrograms/100 g E2 dose, E2-receptor translocation, and the biological activity of E2 (induction of progestin receptors and serum prolactin response) were in the normal range. Serum E2 in controls and diabetics treated with E2 were not different. In the uterus, both low and high E2 doses given for 4 days resulted in significantly reduced nuclear translocation and uterine weight increment in the diabetic animals. These results suggest a brain-pituitary disturbance in addition to a peripheral (uterine) relative insensitivity to sex hormones as contributing factors to the reproductive failure of diabetic animals. PMID- 6672457 TI - Nuclear translocation of estradiol receptors by the in vivo administration of norethisterone: an alternate mechanism for gonadotropin inhibition. AB - In order to investigate the anti-gonadotropic effect of norethisterone (NET) in long-term ovariectomized rats, we studied the interaction of this synthetic progestin with intracellular steroid receptors in the anterior pituitary by a nuclear exchange assay. The results demonstrated that the administration of NET to long-term ovariectomized rats resulted in nuclear translocation of estradiol cytosol receptors in the pituitary and uterus with a rate of accumulation and nuclear retention being similar in both tissues. Accumulation of nuclear estradiol receptors in the pituitary was in agreement with the rate of LH inhibition in NET-treated rats. The results presented in this communication may explain the anti-gonadotropic activity of NET in long-term ovariectomized rats in addition to its well known progestational activity. PMID- 6672458 TI - Mathematical analysis of antiserum titre and affinity in rabbits injected with 11 alpha OH-progesterone-hemisuccinate-BSA. AB - A mathematical procedure is presented here to determine the behaviour of antiserum titre in rabbits, after repeated injections of 11 alpha OH-Progesterone hemisuccinate-BSA. By means of methods recently applied to the time series, the peaks of maximum response were determined. A common behaviour of rabbits was revealed for the delay times in the response after each booster injection. The titre and affinity of antiserum were determined by means of a special method for mathematical treatment of data in RIA analysis, which gives directly such parameters with a statistical interpretation. PMID- 6672459 TI - Ileal metabolism in vitro of testosterone to 4-androstene-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol. AB - Testosterone metabolism to 4-androstene-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol by the 800 g supernatant fraction of ileum from male and female rats was investigated. Ileal production of this testosterone metabolite was higher in mature female animals than in mature males. This difference could be eliminated by administration of large doses estradiol-17 beta to mature male rats. Immature animals showed low ileal production of 4-androstene-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol before being weaned from their mother. PMID- 6672460 TI - Transformations of C21 and C19 steroids in porcine ovarian preparations and the chromatographic separation of the metabolites. AB - The separation of several C21 steroids, such as 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and androgens, such as testosterone, from the non-polar steroids like 16-androstenes has been achieved on one thin-layer chromatographic plate using a two-dimensional technique. This method has been further developed to include a separation of some oestrogens from C19 steroids. The thin-layer chromatographic development was then utilised to separate the metabolites of porcine ovarian incubations. Homogenised preparations of corpora lutea (5-14 days post ovulation) were incubated separately with [4-14C] testosterone, [4-14C] progesterone and [4-14C] pregnenolone, using NADPH as cofactor. After two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography the metabolites were identified by establishing their radiochemical purity either by repeated thin-layer chromatography or by gas fraction collection. Pregnenolone was converted to small yields of 4,16 androstadien-3-one (0.13-0.28%) and 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one (less than 0.1%) and also to 17-hydroxypregnenolone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (0.8 and 0.37% respectively). Increased activity of 5-ene-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/4,5-isomerase was shown by the high yields (73-83%) of progesterone obtained from pregnenolone. This was associated with decreased C-17.20 lyase activity as reflected in the relatively small amounts of 4-androstenedione obtained from both pregnenolone and progesterone. None of the well-known oestrogens or 16-androstenes was formed from progesterone or testosterone, but the latter was converted into 4-androstenedione, in small yield. Both pregnenolone and progesterone gave rise to a metabolite in 1-2% yield (of similar polarity to the 16-androstenes but separated from them by thin-layer chromatography on AgNO3-impregnated plates) which has been tentatively identified as 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione. Incubations of porcine follicular fluid and tissue with labelled pregnenolone or progesterone did not result in the biosynthesis of labelled 16-androstenes. PMID- 6672461 TI - Effects of clomiphene citrate on the pituitary gland in chronically estrogenized rat. AB - Effects of clomiphene citrate (clomiphene) on the pituitary gland of chronically estrogenized ovariectomized rats were investigated. Estradiol-17 beta (E2) pellet implanted subcutaneously in castrated rats for 7 days caused significant increases in pituitary weight and serum prolactin (PRL) level but suppressed serum luteinizing hormone (LH) level. In the estrogenized rats about 40% of estrogen receptor (ER) found in whole pituitary cells (65 +/- 7 fmol/10 mg tissue) was observed in the nucleus, while 60% of ER was present in the cytosol fraction. A single injection of 5 micrograms E2 translocated cytosol ER immediately to nuclear compartment; amounts of ER found in cytosol and nuclear fractions were 16 +/- 1 and 37 +/- 4 fmol/10 mg tissue, respectively, at 1 h. However, the distribution of ER returned to the pre-injection level within 4 h. In the non-estrogenized castrated rats, the nuclear retention of ER was significantly longer than that in the estrogenized rats. A single administration of 200 micrograms clomiphene in the estrogenized rats, on the other hand, increased nuclear ER gradually. Nuclear ER reached the peak level at 4 h (62 +/- 5 fmol/10 mg tissue) and the level remained almost unchanged for 24 h. Cytosol ER decreased and reached a nadir at 4 h (4.3 +/- 0.3 fmol), and the replenishment of cytosol ER could not be detected for 24 h. Similar patterns of cytosol and nuclear ER following the clomiphene injection were also found in the castrated rats. The clomiphene administration in the estrogenized rats resulted in a significant reduction of the pituitary weight 48 h after the administration. The present results seem to show the antiestrogenic action of clomiphene in the pituitary gland. PMID- 6672462 TI - Cyanoketone competition with estradiol for binding to the cytosolic estrogen receptor. AB - Cyanoketone, an inhibitor of many steroidogenic processes, has been found to inhibit binding of estradiol to its receptor in a competitive manner. The Ki observed was 1.2 X 10(-6)M. This action may explain some of cyanoketone's effects in vivo. PMID- 6672463 TI - Lack of effect of alpha-methyldopa on pressor reflexes. AB - The effects of three cumulative doses (20 mg/kg i.v.) of alpha-methyldopa were studied on pressor responses elicited by the stimulation of the central end of visceral or cutaneous afferences in the anaesthetized dog : vagus, superior laryngeal and saphenous nerves. As clonidine (previous results) alpha-methyldopa failed to modify these cardiovascular reflexes under our experimental conditions. PMID- 6672464 TI - [Toxicity and pharmacokinetics of zirconium oxychloride in mice and rats]. AB - The experimental toxicity of zirconium compounds is examined in the Mouse (acute toxicity) and in the Rat (short time toxicity). The absorption, the distribution and the elimination of zirconium are evaluated by zirconium cation assay in some biological fluids and tissues. After a single oral dose, zirconium oxyd is not toxic, zirconium oxychlorure slightly toxic and zirconium chlorure moderately toxic. At certain concentrations, cerebral and pulmonary disorders are observed, particularly with zirconium chlorure. In considering molar toxicity, the studied zirconium compounds are more toxic than certain aluminium salts mentioned in the literature. The zirconium oxychlorure doesn't influence the growth curve after iterative administrations (0.23 g zirconium/kg/day). Only a weak fraction of administered zirconium is absorbed and is electively fixed in the ovaries, in a lesser degree in the lung and the bone. In the ovary the zirconium induces vascular variation (hypervascularization) which appear one month after the end of the treatment. The absorbed zirconium is eliminated by the urinary tract. The fecal elimination can be essentially explained by an important quantity of non absorbed zirconium. PMID- 6672465 TI - [Platelet stimulation and hypotensive action of carrageenans in the rat]. AB - We studied the hypotensive effect of three carrageenans and of dextran sulphate in Brown Norway (BN) rats. The plasma of these BN rats is devoid of high molecular weight kininogen and poor in plasma prekallikrein. The hypotensive effect in BN rats was greatly reduced in comparison with the effects in normal rats. It was proportional to the thrombocytopenia induced by the sulphated polysaccharides and absent in rats made thrombopenic by antiplatelet serum. The hypotensive effect in BN rats was reduced by bromophenacyl bromide, mepacrine, aspirin, methysergide, promethazine and CCI 17810, and was unchanged after the administration of cobra venom factor, heparin, amino caproic acid, chloroquine, dexamethazone, lidocaine, propranolol, indomethacin, phenidone, imidazol, adenosine and cyproheptadine. The thrombopenic effect was reduced by methysergide and CCI 17810 and was not modified by bromophenacyl bromide and chloroquine. PMID- 6672466 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of urapidil]. AB - The cardiovascular effects of urapidil have been investigated in the anesthetized rat. The mechanism of the hypotensive action of this drug has been tested in vitro on the isolated rat aorta and in vivo by intracerebroventricular injections. The peripheral vasoconstrictor effect has been studied in the pithed rat. In the pithed rat, the thoracic part of the spinal cord was electrically stimulated in order to induce a tachycardia. The reduction of this tachycardia by a drug is due to its inhibitory effect on cardiac sympathetic nerves endings. Intravenous urapidil produces a significant hypotension without change in heart rate. Directly injected into the brain cavities, urapidil produces a hypotensive effect only at very high doses (1 mg/kg). This hypotensive action of urapidil appears therefore to be mainly of peripheral origin. Urapidil antagonizes competitively the contraction of the aorta induced by norepinephrine. The drug has alpha-blocking properties which explain its hypotensive action. On the other hand, urapidil provokes a weak vasoconstrictor effect in the pithed rat and induces a presynaptic inhibition in the heart which may explain the lack of heart rate change during the hypotensive effect of the drug. Urapidil may therefore also stimulate post or presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors. PMID- 6672467 TI - [2d Portuguese-Spanish Congress of Pharmacology. Coimbra, 25-28 May 1983. With the participation of the Pharmacology Societies of Belgium, France and Switzerland. Abstracts]. PMID- 6672469 TI - Evaluation of the isolated perfused heart of mice, with special reference to vasoconstriction caused by intracoronary acetylcholine. AB - A perfusion model of isolated hearts (left in situ) was developed in mice. The heart was perfused retrogradely, according to the Langendorff technique, under a fixed flow rate of about 4 ml/min with physiological saline solution. Left ventricular (LV) cavity pressure, LV dP/dt max, heart rate, and arterial perfusion pressure were measured. Stable levels of mechanical parameters were reached within 30 min following the start of perfusion and were maintained for more than three hours. Single doses of acetylcholine (ACh, 0.003-1 microgram) administered into the coronary perfusion system elicited a dose-dependent increase (vasoconstriction) followed by a decrease (vasodilation) in perfusion pressure. Coronary vasoconstriction in response to ACh was especially prominent. LV systolic pressure, LVdP/dt max, and heart rate resulted in a decrease followed by an increase. A single injection of atropine (10 micrograms) antagonized both cardiac and vascular (vasoconstrictor and dilator) effects of ACh. The present studies substantiate the validity of this experimental model for the assessment of the action of drugs on the heart and coronary vasculature. PMID- 6672468 TI - A technique for measuring the perception of added resistive loads during nasal breathing. AB - The perception of resistive loads added to nasal breathing was assessed in ten healthy adults using established psychophysical methods previously described for oral breathing. Detection threshold, that is, the smallest incremental resistance that the subject could detect 50% of the time, was determined at three different time periods (0, 30, and 60 min) on two separate days to determine the reproducibility of values over time. Nasal airway resistance measurements were made before and after threshold determinations to determine the influence of baseline resistance on the ability to detect added loads as well as to assess any effects of the procedure itself on resting nasal airway resistance. Analyses of the data revealed that subject-to-subject differences were the largest source of variability in threshold values followed by time period-to-time period differences and day-to-day variability. Although it was the smallest variability source, day-to-day variability still was significantly greater than zero. In contrast to previously published reports on resistive load detection during mouth breathing, the degree of baseline resistance did not appear to influence the subject's ability to detect added resistive loads during nasal breathing. These techniques may provide a methodological basis for objectively evaluating the effects of pharmacologic agents on perceived nasal patency. PMID- 6672470 TI - The measurement of monoamine oxidase activity: a comparison of the ion exchange resin column method and the solvent extraction method. AB - A comparison was made of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity level; the level was obtained by quantification of radiolabeled deaminated metabolites separated from unchanged amines by two different methods. MAO activity in whole brain of male and female mice from five inbred strains was measured with three substrates PEA, TYR, and 5-HT to examine apparent variations in enzyme activity level with substrate metabolized. Levels of activity measured by the two separation methods were equivalent, as demonstrated by comparison of population mean activity levels and by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients (0.92, 0.93, and 0.83 for PEA, TYR, and 5-HT, respectively). PMID- 6672471 TI - Concurrent measurement of respiratory and metabolic parameters in rats during exposure to a test vapor: respiratory stress test. AB - A 75-liter plexiglas chamber has been constructed to simultaneously expose ten rats to a test vapor. Each rat is confined in a small plexiglas plethysmographic box attached to the large chamber. During exposure, the respiration rate, tidal volume, and body temperature are measured. In addition, anaerobic blood samples may be removed through an indwelling catheter in the caudal artery. This sample may be used to measure the amount of a volatile test chemical reaching the blood or to measure blood pCO2, pO2, and pH. This method optimizes animal usage by permitting many sequential measurements on a minimum number of test animals. Since the animals are exposed simultaneously, the interanimal variations in exposure are minimized. Data obtained with this method are reported for rats undergoing a respiratory stress sequence that includes hypoxia and hypercapnia. PMID- 6672472 TI - A proposed mechanism for the catalatic action of catalase. AB - A detailed mechanism for catalatic action has been proposed which includes the formation of Chance's catalase compound I in the first step and hydride ion transfer in the second step. The first (oxidative) step involves direct reaction of hematin iron with an ionized H2O2 molecule, followed by an oxidation of the iron to Fe IV. The second step is assumed to depend upon the reductive action of a second H2O2 molecule on Chance's compound I through a catalyzed hybride ion transfer, resulting in the regeneration of uncomplexed catalase. Differences between the catalatic and peroxidative actions of catalase are discussed briefly in respect to the proposed mechanism for catalatic action. The rationale of the proposed mechanism is based to a considerable extent upon the type of ligand binding by the hematin iron of catalase, and this type of ligand bonding is contrasted with ligand binding in methemoglobin, which does not show catalatic activity. Finally, the dispositions of electrons in the outer electronic orbitals of the hematin iron of catalase and methemoglobin are discussed, as a means of justifying formulae presented for catalase and methemoglobin and their derivatives. One of the features of the proposed catalatic mechanism is the assumption, based on electron spin number, that the sixth coordination position around the hematin iron of uncomplexed catalase is unoccupied. PMID- 6672473 TI - NMR spin exchange kinetics at equilibrium in membrane transport and enzyme systems. AB - A set of differential equations is formulated to describe the rapid exchange (time scale, approximately 0.01 to approximately 10 s) of a labelled solute across the membranes of cells in suspension. The labelling is achieved with nuclear magnetic resonance by exposure of the system to a high intensity radio frequency pulse, and the excited nuclei relax to the equilibrium state with a short half life. An analytical expression for the decay of the magnetic resonance signal is presented; the solution involves the determination of eigenvalues, of an array of Laplace-Carson transformed differential equations, by use of the general solution of a quartic polynomial. Simulations of the behaviour of the exchange system using various conditions of cell number, rate constants and nuclear magnetic relaxation times are presented. The marked concentration dependence of the extent of reaction at a given time has not previously been reported for nuclear magnetic resonance exchange systems and is a feature anticipated from the known saturability of several membrane transport systems including glucose transport into human erythrocytes. The theory is readily generalized to other model systems by appropriate reinterpretation of the physical meaning of various parameters; the general form of the solution holds in many biological contexts other than membrane transport and includes equilibrium enzyme kinetics. PMID- 6672474 TI - A new theory on the origin and the nature of viruses. AB - The hypothetical model presented herein concerns the origin and nature of viruses. It advances the possibility of the appearance and existence of an organism lacking a cohesive morphological structure, that is: its subsystems are not in structural continuity. An attempt to delimit the concepts of life and organism and to integrate the viruses into this framework is made. Viruses are presented as organisms which pass in their ontogenetic cycle through two distinctive phenotypic phases: (1) the vegetative phase and (2) the phase of viral particle or nucleic acid. In the vegetative phase, considered herein to be the ontogenetically mature phase of viruses, their component molecules are dispersed within the host cell. In this phase the virus shows the major physiological properties of other organisms: metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Therefore, life is an effective presence. It is shown also, that in this phase so called "DNA viruses" have both nucleic acids: RNA as well as DNA. The virions are considered to be "spores" or reproductive forms of the virus, possessing life only as a potential property. PMID- 6672475 TI - Feeding strategy and the mechanics of blood sucking in insects. AB - As a means of exploring foraging strategies of blood-feeding insects, we studied the mechanics of blood feeding. We develop a mechanistic model for the dynamics of non-Newtonian fluid flow to describe the feeding process for blood feeders. Using available feeding and morphological data, we examine the relationship of feeding time to proboscis design, and consider optimal foraging strategies for blood feeders. Because of the flow rates typical of many blood feeders, the non Newtonian nature of blood is of little importance for flow dynamics. Observed feeding times and flow rates do not necessarily reflect the energy requirements for feeding. The radius of the food canal is the major morphological determinant of flow dynamics. Feeding time is a monotonically increasing function of blood hematocrit. There is an optimal blood hematocrit of 0.3 which maximizes the rate of total protein intake for blood feeders, regardless of the energy output or proboscis design. This hematocrit level is typical of humans with blood parasite infections. In contrast, the rate of red blood cell intake is maximized at a hematocrit of 0.4. We argue that the existence of such optima may be a general consequence of the mechanics of feeding on nutrients dissolved or suspended in a fluid medium. Results are discussed in relation to foraging strategy, proboscis design, and the coevolution among host, vector, and parasite in blood feeding insects. PMID- 6672476 TI - Do stalled replication forks synthesize a specific alarmone? AB - Potential causes of premature arrest of a replication fork in vivo include an encounter with a chemical lesion in the DNA, inhibition of one of the essential enzymes of the fork, and spontaneous failure of the fork due to its finite degree of processivity. I suggest that a premature arrest of either a eukaryotic or prokaryotic replication fork induces it to enter a different state in which the fork synthesizes a specific signal nucleotide ("alarmone"). One function of the postulated new alarmone would be to increase the probability of re-initiation of DNA replication, either in cis (at an origin proximal to a site of the fork arrest) or in trans (at many different origins). An additional, mechanistically related function of the postulated alarmone could be to increase the probability of re-assembly of an arrested fork beyond an otherwise impassable DNA lesion. In case of multiple fork arrests, an alarmone-mediated increase in the probability of replicon reinitiation (disproportionate DNA replication) would result in gene amplification at many different loci, thereby increasing the probability of cell's survival in a cytotoxic medium. Other likely functions of a fork-produced alarmone may include stimulation of DNA repair pathways including excision repair.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6672477 TI - Territorial confrontation among genes and activation of a cellular oncogene. PMID- 6672479 TI - Chemotaxis of peripheral granulocytes in children with acute respiratory infections. PMID- 6672478 TI - Wavelength dependent critical fusion frequency response in human retina. PMID- 6672480 TI - Ledakrin in treatment of patients with carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 6672481 TI - A discussion of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times of tumours in terms of their interpretation as self-organizing dissipative structures, and of their study in vivo by NMR zeugmatographic imaging. PMID- 6672482 TI - The effect of chloroquine on the electrical activity of the brain. PMID- 6672484 TI - Comparison of two methods for the evaluation of renal perfusion. AB - The validity of a single blood sample technique at the 44th min after the injection of OIH for the evaluation of effective renal plasma flow was assessed by comparison with a standard clearance method, based on two-compartment analysis of plasma disappearance of the tracer. The simplified method tended to overestimate the true values; the 95% confidence interval for the error in predicting the true value was found to be +/- 88 ml/min. Overall, the simplified method appears to be adequate to study renal perfusion or its changes in different conditions, but due to the predicting error it requires a larger number of patients, as compared with the reference method, in order to obtain statistically valid results. PMID- 6672483 TI - A comparison of the release of endogenous dopamine from the neural and the intermediate lobe of the rat hypophysis after electrical stimulation of the stalk. AB - Dopamine (DA) was released from the isolated neural lobe of the pituitary gland by electrical stimulation of the pituitary stalk. This observation completes the evidence for DA to be classified as a neurotransmitter substance in the neural lobe in the rat hypophysis. From the experiments on the isolated neural lobe and simultaneous experiments on the combined neuro-intermediate lobe it could be calculated that the DA release from the intermediate lobe was about three times larger than that from the neural lobe. Electrical stimulation of the pituitary stalk in the presence of pargyline and TEA led to an increase in DA synthesis in the neural lobe. This effect did not occur in the intermediate lobe. PMID- 6672485 TI - An inhalation method for testing the toxicity of volatile compounds in small laboratory animals. A study on short-term and long-term toluene inhalation in rats. AB - A coupola-shaped Plexiglass inhalation chamber (volume 190 I) with continuous infusion of toxicant and air flow was constructed for small laboratory animals. The method guarantees an even distribution of vapourized toxicant to 16 animals at the same time, and is convenient both in short-term and long-term experiments. As a volatile toxicant, toluene was used. The short-term and long-term effects of toluence on rats were studied using psychomotor tests, blood glucose, serum ALAT and ASAT values as well as hematocrit. Short-term exposure, but not long-term, impaired the performance in psychomotor tests, elevated blood glucose and serum ALAT and ASAT levels, and slightly increased hematocrit. Body weight decreased as compared to controls in short-term toluene exposure, but showed no difference in long-term treatment between toluene-and control groups at the end of exposure. The differences between the two exposures are probably due to the development of tolerance during long-term exposure either on receptor or metabolic level. PMID- 6672486 TI - Maturational aspects of the dopaminergic system: ontogenesis of high affinity dopamine binding to neural membrane fragments of the rat brain. AB - High affinity binding of [3H]-dopamine was measured in membrane fractions prepared from cerebral cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, thalamus and reticular formation of female rats aged 1 to 260 days old. [3H]-dopamine bound with approximately 30 x 10(-9) M affinity to neural membrane fractions of female brains of any age. [3H]-dopamine binding increased with age either in a sigmoid fashion, as was the case in the amygdala, hypothalamus and reticular formation, or in a parabolic fashion, as was the case in the cerebral cortex and thalamus, the adult levels being reached on the 30th and 70th day of life respectively. PMID- 6672487 TI - The analysis of drug action on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The choice of organic solvent for water-insoluble drugs. AB - Four organic solvents were tested for their ability to interfere with ADP- and 2,4-dinitrophenol-stimulated respiration in tightly-coupled guinea-pig liver mitochondria. All four compounds inhibited mitochondrial respiration, but dimethylformamide and ethanol were more potent than dimethylsulphoxide and propyleneglycol. The latter compound was the only one that failed to produce a significant inhibition of the reactions. Using dimethylformamide, it was shown that inhibition of the reactions was independent of the substrates employed. A detailed analysis was made of the effect of a range of concentrations of dimethylformamide on the uncoupling activity of a range of concentrations of 2,4 dinitrophenol. It was clearly demonstrated that the inclusion of dimethylformamide in the reaction medium would result in an underestimate of the activity of dinitrophenol. Recommendations are made concerning the precautions that should be taken when analysing the effects of water-insoluble drugs on oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 6672489 TI - Favorable effects of the lipid-lowering and platelet antiaggregant Plafibride on the aging process of mice of the C57bl/6J strain. AB - It is known that an excessive intake of lipids and raised lipid levels in the blood accelerate many of the age-dependent pathologies. Therefore, it is probable that the administration of hypolipidemic agents delays to a certain degree the rate of aging. This concept has been experimentally tested in mice of the C57BL/6J strain treated with N-(2-p-chlorophenoxy) methylpropionil)-N' morfolinomethylurea (Plafibride). The chemical was given in diet pellets at a dose of approximately 180 mg/kg body weight/day. There were no manifestations of toxicity despite the fact that treatment lasted 8 months. On the contrary, it seems that the aging process was favorably influenced since vigor and neuromuscular coordination were somewhat preserved in the treated mice in comparison to the controls. Moreover, old mice treated with Plafibride showed values for body and liver weights that were more similar to those of younger mice. These effects were especially evident in animals fed an hypercaloric diet enriched with fat and sucrose. The present experimental results suggest performing clinical studies for investigation of the effects of long-term treatment with Plafibride on the physiological and pathological manifestations of human aging. PMID- 6672488 TI - Quantitative structure activity considerations on the spore-inhibiting activity of esters of 1,3-dihydroxybutane. AB - Esters of 1,3-dihydroxybutane inhibit the growth of the asexual spores of Aspergillus niger. This activity is non-linearly related to lipophilic and steric parameters, e.g. partition coefficient, molecular connectivity and van der Waal's volumes. The gauche parabolic shape of the activity curve allows a transformation in a simple, bilinear mathematical model. Branched esters possess higher activity than the linear ones. The most potent molecule is the 2-ethylbutanoyl-1,3 dihydroxy-butane. PMID- 6672490 TI - Effect of timolol on the movement of water in the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye. AB - In the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye the following were determined: the rate of appearance, the inflow and the outflow of water under control condition and after pretreatment with timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution. In the aqueous humor HCO3(-), Na+, K+ content and pH was determined. Results suggest that timolol acts on the inflow (production) of aqueous humor. PMID- 6672491 TI - Effect of Kalmegh extract on rat liver and serum enzymes. AB - Oral administration of Kalmegh extract under acute (single dosage) and sub-acute (for 7 and 15 consecutive days) conditions at a dosage of 0.5 g dry leaf/kg/day to adult rats produced no change in the activities of glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in liver and rerum. Administration of ethyl alcohol at a dosage of 0.2 g/kg/day (oral) for 7 and 15 consecutive days produced an appreciable increase in liver GOT and GPT activities. No appreciable change in serum GOT and GPT activities was observed under similar condition of treatment. Oral administration of a high dosage of ethyl alcohol (3 g/kg/day) produced significant increase in the activities of serum enzymes only. This alcohol-induced increase in serum transaminase activity became normal with pre- and post-treatment of Kalmegh extract (0.5 g/kg/day). This result suggests that Kalmegh extract protects alcohol-induced toxic-effect in liver tissue. PMID- 6672492 TI - Evaluation of gastric mucus in man by means of the "mucoprotective index": a review of a five-year experience with this method. AB - measurement of a "mucoprotective index" on the basis of the mucoprotein content of human gastric juice proved a reliable method to evaluate the protective properties of gastric mucus in man in pathological conditions and under the effect of drugs. The results of five years' investigations with that method are reported and commented upon. PMID- 6672493 TI - [Experiences with solvent-dried fascia lata in surgical interventions in otorhinolaryngology]. AB - Basing on our good experiences with dehydrated solvent-dried human dura we applied, during the last two years, dehydrated solvent-dried fascia lata in our clinic. Fascia lata is more flexible in comparison to the stiff dura. In 225 cases we collected experience with the new dehydrated solvent-dried human fascia lata: 103 patients with frontobasal fractures and rhinoliquorrhoea 83 patients with tympanoplastics for mastoid lining 5 patients with laterobasal fractures 11 patients with septum perforations 21 patients with blow-out fractures 2 patients with facial paralysis. Fascia lata was fixated by human fibrin adhesive. The dehydrated human solvent-dried fascia lata showed the same good results as the group of patients where we used autologous fascia lata. PMID- 6672494 TI - [The importance of hearing-aid testing by the otorhinolaryngologist]. AB - In a period of 16 months, 312 patients suffering from impaired hearing were supplied with hearing aids after undergoing conventional hearing tests conducted by acousticians. During the hearing follow-up tests, it was found that 111 patients (35.5%) had been optimally supplied with hearing aids and that for 98 hard-of-hearing persons (31.4%) merely fine adjustments had to be made on the hearing aids. In some cases a second bore had to be drilled into the ear mould. We had to completely refit 103 patients (33.0%) with hearing aids, since the previously fitted devices no longer complied with the type and degree of a hearing impairment based on the frequency characteristics, amplification, and dynamic range. The fitting reports had not been filled out satisfactorily in the case of 224 patients (71.8%). This was especially true of the stereophonic adjustment reports. PMID- 6672495 TI - [Modification of vestibular tests by alcohol]. AB - Besides the positional alcohol nystagmus, PAN I and PAN II, alcohol in conventional doses causes marked side differences in experimental vestibular and oculomotor tests together with qualitative and quantitative alterations of the experimental nystagmus. These toxic, false positive results cannot be distinguished from post-traumatic central and peripheral pathological findings. When writing an expertise, we must therefore prevent a social insurance pension based on alcohol effects, by analysing the concentration of alcohol in the blood. PMID- 6672496 TI - [Diagnostic value of nasal secretions, current state: normal values. 1]. AB - Separation of pure nasal secretions has been very difficult until now. Therefore, examinations were performed only with a small number of patients. Employing a new method to separate pure nasal secretions it is now possible to perform routine examinations. In this paper the protein composition and electrolyte patterns of normal human nasal secretion is reported. The amount of nasal secretion depends from the location and region of human nasal mucosa. The average amount is between 135 and 75 microliters. The protein concentration shows a very wide variation in the normal secretion between 200 and 3500 mg%. The average concentration in the upper nasal meatus is 950 mg%, in the lower nasal meatus 1100 mg%. Selective glycoprotein stainings show that the main part of nasal secret proteins are glycoproteins. The electrolyte concentrations were calculated for sodium 90-148 mval, potassium 6-28 mval and calcium 2-3.5 mval. PMID- 6672497 TI - [Problems of electric response audiometry in practice]. AB - In recent years Electric Response Audiometry (ERA) has become a valuable method in the clinical audiology. However, there are two specific problems that make Electric Response Audiometry more complicated than other hearing tests. First, the evaluation of the averaged signals is subjective, and in some cases the distinction between response signals and remaining electrical background noise or artifacts may be rather difficult. The second problem concerns the interpretation of response signals. As there is no simple but only an ambiguous relation between response parameters and the different types of hearing disorders, again, it depends on clinical experience and knowledge to avoid misinterpretations and to arrive at a reliable diagnosis. PMID- 6672498 TI - [Aspergillosis of the nasal sinuses]. AB - Aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses is located mainly in the maxillary sinus, in a few cases in the sphenoid sinus. In typical cases the infection is unilateral. As a rule, the infection leads to a concrement formation in the diseased sinus. This concrement is sometimes characterised by dense masses of calcium phosphate, which seem like metallic structures on x-ray film. With regard to the course of aspergillosis in the paranasal sinuses, we must distinguish between an invasive-destructive form and a non-invasive form. The non-invasive form can be healed by removing the mycotic masses by surgical procedures. In the course of the invasive-destructive form, surgical procedures must be supported by systemic antimycotic treatment. Nevertheless, prognosis in these cases is poor. Finally, it is pointed out that aspergillus infections of the paranasal sinuses can occur even without clearly established immunological deficiencies. PMID- 6672499 TI - [A gouty tophus in the temporomandibular joint and on the eustachian tube]. AB - A 76-year old female patient was suffering from a right-sided conduction-type hearing loss due to a very painful tumour in the anterior parotid region. X-ray films showed a partial destruction of the right temporomandibular joint. Since the patient had undergone a left-sided mastectomy for breast carcinoma two years previously, an operation was performed under the suspicion of a metastatic lesion. A plum-sized gouty tophus was found adjacent to the temporomandibular joint. The head of the mandible was partly destroyed, the upper pole of the parotid gland displaced and atrophic. The dorsal and medial aspect of the tophus impinged on the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube. In the postoperative course, the conduction-type deafness disappeared, the pain was relieved, and the mobility of the joint almost completely restored. To our knowledge this represents the second case of a gouty tophus in the temporomandibular joint, the first one where the size of the lesion resulted in impingement of the Eustachian tube and conduction-type deafness. It is noteworthy that the patient showed no other signs or symptoms of primary gouty arthritis. PMID- 6672500 TI - [Electrodiagnostic and histochemical studies on the effect of electric stimulation on the atrophy of denervated laryngeal muscles in animal experiments]. AB - Electrodiagnostic and histometric investigations have been carried out on 56 adult male rabbits following unilateral paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Exponential current impulses were externally applied. The excitation threshold was determined endoscopically and also described graphically in terms of the excitation intensity as a function of time (I/t-curves). The diagnostic results thus obtained permit determination of the corresponding excitation parameters for therapy. The success of the therapy was evaluated from histometric data on type I and type II fibres of the vocalis and the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. RESULTS: 1. The stimulation of denervated laryngeal muscles by external application of exponential current impulses is selective. 2. The extent of the neurogenous atrophy of denervated muscles following paralysis of the recurrent nerve can be diagnosed electrically. 3. This atrophy could be significantly reduced by proper choice of stimulation parameters within the time span of the experiment (28 days). PMID- 6672501 TI - [Electron microscopy findings in allergic reactions of the nasal mucosa]. AB - The fundamental morphologic aspects of acute and chronic allergic reactions, as well as endonasal polyps in allergic patients and disturbances of the autonomic nervous system were studied by means of electron microscopy. Characteristic changes are described which differ according to the stage of the allergic reactions; they are discussed in relation to the altered function of the allergic nasal mucosa. PMID- 6672502 TI - The biliary excretion and pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin in jaundiced patients with external bile drainage. AB - The biliary excretion and pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin have been studied in jaundiced patients with total external bile drainage through a percutaneous transhepatic catheter. In 10 of 11 studies, 2 g mezlocillin intravenously resulted in biliary concentrations sufficient to exceed the minimum inhibitory concentrations of most common biliary pathogenic organisms. In 6 h, 0.2-6.2% of the dose given was recovered in bile. The biliary clearance was 0.21-7.82 ml/min and increased with the duration of biliary decompression. The serum half-life of mezlocillin was prolonged (1.81 +/- 0.23 h, mean +/- SD), and was due to reduced biliary and renal clearance. PMID- 6672503 TI - The plasma membrane origin of liver-specific protein (LSP). AB - Liver-specific lipoprotein (LSP) is a potentially important target antigen for autoimmune liver cell injury, but the complexity of LSP "the preparation" has hindered investigation of anti-LSP immune responses. In the present study, rabbit LSP and isolated liver plasma membranes (LPM) were compared using electron microscopy and marker enzyme analysis to determine the subcellular site of origin of LSP. These results suggest that LSP "the preparation" is highly enriched with plasma membrane. PMID- 6672504 TI - Dupuytren's contracture, chronic liver disease and IgA immune complexes. AB - Contrary to previous reports, Dupuytren's contracture was found to be equally common in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic biopsy-proven liver disease (25% v 28%). Furthermore, in 69 patients with Dupuytren's contracture referred for surgical correction, there was no significant increase in either history of alcohol abuse or abnormality of liver function compared to a matched control group. Patients with Dupuytren's contracture were found to have increased levels of circulating IgA immune complexes compared to those without (p less than 0.05 for those with liver disease; p less than 0.001 for those awaiting surgical correction). Circulating immunoglobulins and immune complexes of other classes were similar between the groups with and without Dupuytren's contracture. These results suggest that the importance of alcohol has previously been exaggerated but that IgA immune complexes may be involved in the pathogenesis of the condition. PMID- 6672505 TI - Electron microscopic observation of destruction of biliary epithelium in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Electron microscopic studies of the intrahepatic biliary tree in 16 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) disclosed four types of biliary epithelial injury suggesting cell death in the ducts: 1) coagulative and 2) lytic necrosis without detachment of affected cells from the biliary epithelial layer, and 3) apoptosis and 4) detachment of several adjoining biliary cells from the basement membrane and neighboring biliary cells. Lesions 1), 2) and 3) were also found in livers with extrahepatic cholestasis without bile duct loss, and 1) and 2) were found in PBC livers irrespective of the degree of bile duct loss. 3) was rare and mostly confined to bile ductules, when present. By contrast, 4) was only observed in PBC, especially in livers with a moderate degree of bile duct loss in which extensive bile duct destruction appeared to be progressing. Detached biliary cells in lesion 4) were occasionally in contact with and/or surrounded by migrating lymphocytes with pseudopod formation, suggesting lymphocyte-target cell interactions. It therefore seems possible that epithelial detachment is an important ultrastructural lesion associated with extensive bile duct destruction in PBC livers. PMID- 6672506 TI - The liver in fatal exertional heatstroke. AB - We describe the chronology of hepatic histopathologic alterations in 50 cases of fatal exertional heatstroke related to military training. Five patients who died in the field demonstrated the earliest alterations: fatty change (sometimes microvacuolar), amitotic hepatocellular regeneration, accumulation of hemosiderin, and congestion. In addition, the sinusoids contained polymorphonuclear leukocytes, immature erythroid and granulocytic cells, megakaryocytes, and lymphocytes. Fibrin was not evident. The other 45 patients, who survived up to 8 days following hospitalization, also demonstrated these findings. Microvacuolar fatty change was common in this group of patients, and degenerated hepatocytes resembled Councilman bodies. Coagulative degeneration and submassive necrosis were uncommon. Of those surviving over 12 h, more than half had bile stasis (sometimes ductal), frequently associated with acute cholangitis and ductular proliferation. Regeneration and pigmentary alterations have not been recognized as early hepatic findings in heatstroke, nor have intrasinusoidal bone marrow elements, ductal bile stasis, and acute cholangitis been described. Possible pathogenic factors, other than hyperthermia and sequellae of shock, include obesity, recent illnesses and immunizations, bacterial toxemia, hemolysis, and bone marrow injury. PMID- 6672507 TI - Idiopathic portal hypertension and non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis. PMID- 6672508 TI - [Immunologic study of the infertile male]. PMID- 6672509 TI - [Evaluation of IgG bound to platelet membrane in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6672511 TI - In vitro calculus formation from Actinomyces strains of oral origin. PMID- 6672510 TI - [Sarcoidosis. Review of 12 cases]. PMID- 6672512 TI - [Changes induced by cyclophosphamide in mice immune response to sheep red blood cells]. PMID- 6672513 TI - [Somatomedin activity in patients with short stature due to hypopituitarism or constitutional-familial growth retardation]. PMID- 6672514 TI - [Malignant Sertoli cell tumor (malignant androblastoma)]. PMID- 6672515 TI - [Chronic obstructive lung disease and tumor in the neck]. PMID- 6672516 TI - [Basis for individualizing hypertensive therapy. An approach based on hemodynamics and age]. PMID- 6672518 TI - [Immunologic principles of new vaccines and methods of bacterial diagnosis]. PMID- 6672517 TI - [Pharmacologic bronchodilation]. PMID- 6672519 TI - [Use of angiotensin II in the treatment of cancer]. PMID- 6672520 TI - [In vitro action and therapeutic evaluation of cefuroxime in acute bacterial infections in pediatrics]. PMID- 6672521 TI - [The yawning and stretching sign in hemiplegics]. PMID- 6672522 TI - [Vibration-induced morphological changes in the brain stem and spinal cord of the guinea pig]. AB - Some disorders of the brain stem and spinal cord microcirculation were observed in male adult guinea pigs exposed to vertical vibration of frequency 40 Hz and amplitude 1 mm for 3 hours daily during 7, 14, 30 days. These changes after 7 days of vibration were seen as congestion with single small haemorrhages and after 14 days as diffuse spongiosis of the brain stem and spinal cord. After 30 days both congestion with haemorrhages and spongiosis were noted but the first predominated. PMID- 6672523 TI - [Effect of bromfenvinphos (IPO-62) on changes in the apical dendritic spines of the cortical pyramidal neurons of the rat]. AB - The rats (control group--6 animals, experimental group I--13, experimental group II--8) of inbred Wistar/W Bog strain, were orally administered 84,6% technical concentrate IPO-62 (bromphenvinphose) dissolved in olive oil and next the spines on apical cortex dendrites were evaluated. Statistically significant loss of dendritic spines was found both in group I (IPO-62 daily dose from 3 to 12 mg per 1 kg of body weight during 58 days) and in group II (IPO-62 daily dose--12 mg per 1 kg/body weight for 5 days and 18 mg/kg body weight for 4 days). PMID- 6672524 TI - [Toxicodynamic properties of liquids used for cooling high power plants. II. Toxicity determined by inhalation and dermal routes]. AB - In experiments on toxicity, IWiOL-3-n aerosol as well as vapours and gases obtained by heating the oil up to 500 degrees C were administered by inhalation to experimental animals. No deaths of animals were recorded however, a significant decrease of cholinesterase activity was noted. The experiments were carried out in the specially constructed experimental chambers and the method of determination IWiOL-3-n in the air was developed. After intratracheal insufflation of IWiOL-3-n, rapid decrease of cholinesterase activity in blood serum was also observed. Tests on dermal toxicity showed very good absorption of the oils through the untouched skin. PMID- 6672525 TI - Effect of prenatal exposure to cadmium on avoidance acquisition in rats. AB - Inhalation exposure of female rats, prior to and during gestation, to cadmium oxide at concentrations of 0.02 mg Cd/m3 and 0.16 mg Cd/m3, depressed the avoidance acquisition of their 3-months' old female offsprings. The reduction of behavioral performance of offsprings depended on cadmium oxide concentration during prenatal exposure. PMID- 6672527 TI - [Correlation of psychological and neurological changes with indicators of exposure of workers in a shoe factory to glue solvents]. AB - In the group of 349 women exposed to organic solvents, chiefly extraction naphtha, n-hexane and toluene, medical examinations were carried out. Among them the 100 persons without signs of chronic intoxication were selected. In this group the following examinations were performed: Graham-Kendall's and Bender's psychologic tests, electroencephalograms, testing motor conduction of peripheral nerves. In the exposed and control groups urinary phenol and hippuric acid content was determined. Air solvents concentration at work environment was also measured. Within the examined group, psychologic tests score was as follows: 37 persons without organic changes, 28 on the border-1 and of the norm, 35 with cortical organic changes. No significant difference in average urinary phenol and hippuric acid content was found in 3 groups mentioned above. The hippuric acid excretion in the exposed group was significantly higher than in the control one. Hippuric acid in workers with normal and abnormal electrocardiograms was at the same level. No difference in the hippuric acid concentration in groups with normal and slowed nerve conduction velocity was noticed. The urinary phenol content in the exposed and control groups was at the same level. At some work posts extraction naphtha and toluene concentration exceeded MAC. Cortical organic changes and subclinical neuropathy were significantly more frequent in workers exposed to high concentrations of extraction naphtha and toluene. The authors suppose that subclinical signs, detectable by means of psychologic and neurophysiologic methods, may be considered as early symptoms of individual reaction to organic solvents. PMID- 6672526 TI - [Health status of workers in polyvinyl chloride processing plants. I. Evaluation of occupational exposure. Subjective and capillaroscopy studies. Conduction velocity in the motor nerves]. AB - The examinations covered 255 workers of two polyvinyl chloride processing plants. All workers were subject to general medical examinations including electrocardiography. In a part of workers employed in the plant located in the Katowice Voivodeship, the dermatological tests and neurological examinations including testing the velocity of conduction in motor nerves were carried out and the selected group was subject also to capillaroscopy and dermatothermometry. In the examined workers no "vinyl chloride disease" was found; capillaroscopy and neurological examinations did not reveal any evident changes. However, some dermatoses, most frequently of allergic type, were often encountered. PMID- 6672529 TI - [Degree of exposure to arsenic compounds of workers in zinc smelteries]. AB - Due to a number of cases of acute arsine poisonings in one of zinc metallurgic plants, the environmental concentrations of arsenic compounds were determined. In the technological process of zinc metallurgy, the highest arsine concentrations can occur: a) during zinc refining in the furnace, where, because of the full automatization process, the presence of workers is not necessary, b) during the refining furnace repair--because of the melting loss wetting. Levels of arsenic concentrations, just as cadmium and zinc concentrations, according to the valid hygienic standards, are very low at the shaft furnace and the agglomerating plant. The urinary arsenic concentrations in workers has not exceeded 100 micrograms/l and these results also testify to a small exposure. However, it is necessary to take into account the high lead concentrations at some work-posts, both due to the multiple exceeding of the hygienic standard, and the simultaneous occurrence of lead and arsenic, which create a potential possibility of forming more toxic compounds, e.g. lead arsenide. In view of the carcinogenic exposure, it is important to take into account the possibility of interaction between arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbones which occur during coke dry degassing. PMID- 6672528 TI - [Changes in the parameters of iron metabolism in acute poisoning with various drugs and solvents]. AB - The study was aimed at evaluation of the dynamics of changes of ferrum balance parameters in patients acutely poisoned with some drugs and solvents. Altogether 19 persons were examined, in this 12 patients poisoned with drugs and 7 poisoned with solvents. The control group consisted of 20 persons. In all patients, on the first, second, third and last day of hospitalization, Fe concentration in blood serum was determined as well as latent capability of binding Fe by serum. Next, the total capability of Fe binding and coefficient of plasmatic transferine saturation with Fe were calculated. In case of drugs poisonings, statistically significant decrease of Fe concentration in serum on the second and third day of poisoning was found while no statistically significant differences were found in the other tested parameters during the first three days of hospitalization. In poisonings with ethylene glycol the tested parameters of ferrum balance are similar like the ones in drugs poisonings. The significant increase of Fe concentration was noted in cases of poisonings with such solvents as PER, TRI and TETRA. PMID- 6672530 TI - [Measurement of the temporary auditory threshold shift (TTS) for evaluation of the degree of noise hazard]. AB - Long-term investigations of noise in coal mines enhanced the need to take measurements at work stations posing high risk of methane explosion. To facilitate evaluation of noise hazard at the workplace in coal mines, attempts have been made to apply TTS measurements. Measurements of TTS taken within 3 to 5 minutes after cessation of noise exposure in industrial conditions made it possible to evaluate equivalent sound level. PMID- 6672531 TI - [Questionnaire survey on the effectiveness of health resort treatment of patients with occupational respiratory tract diseases]. AB - The survey was carried out in 806 patients affected with different pneumoconioses or chronic respiratory system diseases treated at the Scientific Research Centre of Occupational Respiratory System Diseases at Szczawno-Zdroj. Tabular specification of individual questionnaires results showed the usefulness of such studies for evaluation of balneotherapy effect and length of period of improvement. Better results of treatment were found in less advanced forms of pneumoconioses and other chronic respiratory system diseases. Repeated treatment has lengthened the period of improvement. In elder patients, an evident subjective improvement is to be noticed which seems to be also an indication for spa treatment. PMID- 6672532 TI - What's doing in Washington? PMID- 6672533 TI - Social role valorization: a proposed new term for the principle of normalization. PMID- 6672534 TI - Language assessment tools for mentally retarded adults: survey and recommendations. PMID- 6672535 TI - The elimination of mealtime food stealing and scavenging behavior in an institutionalized severely mentally retarded adult. PMID- 6672536 TI - The effectiveness of instructional programming on the reduction of dental disease in mentally retarded individuals. PMID- 6672537 TI - Thickness of bone formed at remodeling sites in normal human iliac trabecular bone: variations with age and sex. AB - The thickness of the bone walls formed at completed remodeling sites was estimated by morphometry in iliac trabecular bone from 85 normal individuals (48 women and 37 men) aged 18-90 years. The mean three-dimensional (3-D) wall thickness was 59.4 +/- 5.9 micron. No sex difference was observed. The wall thickness decreased with age: Thickness (micron) = 65.56 micron - 0.14 micron/yr X age (yr). This reduction may lead to a loss of bone with increasing age. The coefficient of variation in completed wall thickness between individuals of the same age was 7%. The factors controlling the thickness are largely unknown, but it was noted that the intraindividual distributions of linear 3-D wall thickness (proportional to the mass of the wall) were symmetric, while distributions of reciprocal 3-D thickness (proportional to the conductivity for oxygen and waste products) were markedly rightskewed. A subgroup comprising 42 individuals aged 18 56 years had been double labeled with tetracycline. The average 3-D calcification rate was 0.63 +/- 0.11 micron/day. No relationship to age or sex was demonstrated. Based on the estimates of completed wall thickness and calcification rate, the mean duration of calcification at remodeling sites was calculated to be approximately 100 days. PMID- 6672538 TI - The assessment of postmenopausal osteoporosis by total body neutron activation analysis. AB - Total body calcium (TBCa) was measured using a cyclotron for in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA) in 20 healthy women, 15 women with vertebral compression fractures, and 8 women with wrist fractures. The precision of the technique, using phantoms, was 1.8% for a dose of 13 mSv. A formula for predicted TBCa (TBCap) was derived from the 20 normal women based on span and years postmenopause. The coefficient of variation of TBCa after normalization in the normal women was 6.6%. The mean TBCa values for the vertebral and wrist fracture groups were 69% and 84% of TBCap for women at the time of the menopause. The low TBCa in the wrist fracture group was attributable to post-menopausal bone loss. Of the low TBCa in the vertebral fracture group, about half the loss could be attributed to postmenopausal age and half to other factors. PMID- 6672539 TI - Histomorphometric analysis of dynamic parameters of trabecular bone formation in the iliac crest of normal British subjects. AB - Some dynamic parameters of bone formation in trabecular iliac crest bone have been measured in a group of normal British subjects of both sexes over a wide age range. There was a significant age-related decrease in mean wall thickness. When either double plus single or double only tetracycline-labeled surfaces were used to represent actively mineralizing surfaces, there was a significant age-related decrease in the bone formation rate at the basic multicellular unit level. Osteoid maturation period showed a significant age-related increase when calculated using double plus single labeled surfaces. There was no significant change with age in fractional labeled surfaces, mean osteoid seam width, bone formation rate at tissue level, or bone formation period. The mean osteoid seam width and osteoid maturation period were significantly higher in males than in females. PMID- 6672540 TI - Comparison of fetal and adult human bone: identification of a chemotactic factor in fetal bone. AB - Studies employing the matrix-induced endochondral bone formation system have outlined the processes involved in bone induction. An initial event is increased migration of mesenchymal cells to the implant site prior to endochondral calcification. This suggests that chemotactic factors in the bone matrix may be involved in the osteogenic process. Extracts of human fetal bone, obtained by sequential demineralization, stimulated the migration of osteoblast-like cells in a dose-dependent fashion, as assayed in the Boyden chamber. In contrast, comparable extracts of normal adult bone (40-year-old male) did not stimulate osteoblast migration. Monocytes, potential osteoclast precursors, did not migrate in response to either of these extracts. These studies suggest that significant differences exist in protein composition and/or distribution between fetal and adult human bones. These differences may well influence the remodeling potential of these bones. PMID- 6672541 TI - Phospholipid changes in the bones of the vitamin D-deficient, phosphate deficient, immature rat. AB - The epiphyseal (cartilage) and diaphyseal (bone) regions of the long bones of vitamin D-deficient, phosphate-deficient, immature rats have been shown to contain Ca-PL-PO4 complexes in amounts comparable to that found in normal rat bones. This suggests that these calcium acidic phospholipid complexes are formed prior to mineralization. The metaphysis (bone and calcified cartilage) of the experimental animals contained less Ca-PL-PO4 than control bone, which suggests that Ca-PL-PO4 content is elevated as mineralizing activity increases. Overall bone lipid composition was dependent on the vitamin D status of the animals. Total lipid, cholesterol, and cholesterol ester content was higher in experimental animals than in controls. In contrast, free fatty acid and lysophosphatide were lower in experimental than in control animal's bones. The total phospholipid content (based on organic phosphate analyses) was unaltered by the vitamin D status. These lipid changes, reminiscent of changes seen in the intestinal brush border membrane of rachitic animals, suggest that vitamin D effects on lipid metabolism in bone may be similar to those in the intestine. PMID- 6672542 TI - Calcification of cartilage matrix in chondrocyte cultures derived from rachitic rat growth plate cartilage. AB - Chondrocytes obtained from collagenase-digested epiphyseal growth plate cartilage of rachitic rats were grown in multilayer cultures. The cultured chondrocytes produced a metachromatic matrix and further electron microscopic examination revealed typical features of cartilage matrix collagen fibrils and matrix vesicles. The alkaline phosphatase activity in cultures was high during the entire 3-week culture period. Acid phosphatase showed a marked increase in activity during the first week of culture. The appearance of apatite crystals in the synthesized matrix was monitored by electron microscopy over a 3-week period. First crystals were consistently found to be associated with matrix vesicles, and in the older cultures calcification spread into the surrounding matrix. No collagen fibrils associated with mineralization were observed during the early culture period. This study clearly demonstrates that in chondrocyte cultures the first mineral crystals were found within or in close association with matrix vesicles. This gives further support to the hypothesis that matrix vesicles are the primary site of mineralization in cartilage. In addition to calcification studies it is suggested that this model is suitable for studying the effects of hormones or other agents on rachitic chondrocytes in vitro. PMID- 6672543 TI - Lebanese war. PMID- 6672544 TI - The summer of 1982. PMID- 6672545 TI - Injuries to vessels of neck. AB - A personal experience at the American University Medical Center with vascular neck injuries occurring between May and December 1976 is reported. Five unusual cases are presented and discussed, their ages ranging between 10 and 25 years. The causative agent was shrapnel in four and bullet in one. Four of the five cases had multiple associated injuries. The vessels involved were the carotid artery with internal jugular vein in two cases, the subclavian vein in one, the superior thyroid artery in one, and the carotid and vertebral arteries in one. The treatment consisted of a combined cervico-thoracic approach in two cases, a claviculectomy in one, suture-ligation and aneurysmectomy in four and venous graft to the artery in one. The complications consisted of postoperative bleeding in one case, partial facial nerve paresis in another, and superficial wound infection in a third. No deaths occurred among the five complicated cases presented. PMID- 6672546 TI - Peripheral vascular injuries--a three months experience. PMID- 6672547 TI - War injuries of limbs. Basic principles of management. PMID- 6672549 TI - Anatomy of a hospital in distress--the story of the American University of Beirut Hospital during the Lebanese civil war. PMID- 6672548 TI - Disaster transfusion experience. Contribution to disaster planning. PMID- 6672550 TI - One hundred day siege. PMID- 6672551 TI - Missile craniocerebral injuries. PMID- 6672553 TI - [Relation between the resistance of Proteus to antibacterials and R plasmids]. PMID- 6672552 TI - Penetrating injuries of the heart and the great vessels. AB - Twenty eight patients with penetrating injuries to the heart and/or the great vessels are presented. These constituted 9% of all penetrating chest injuries during the period between April 1975 and November 1976. The injuries were confined to the cardio-vascular system in 3 patients only. Twelve patients presented with signs of cardiac tamponade, of whom 2 succumbed intra-operatively due to ventricular fibrillation. Eight patients required respiratory support immediately after operation, of whom one died eventually due to extra-cardiac injuries. The mortality rate in this series was 11%. The remaining 25 survivors have resumed their regular life activities after discharge from the hospital. In none of the cases was the heart-lung machine used for repair. PMID- 6672554 TI - [Bee mite: Varroa jacobsoni qudemans]. AB - Varroatosis caused by varroa jacobsoni on honeybee, Apis mellifera L., is currently one of the worlds major bee keeping problems. The mite parasites the adult honey bee, as well as its developmental stages, by sucking the insects's haemolymph. Up to date, many chemicals were used against this mite but still there is no chemical which has 100% effect and at the same time bees and their brood demonstrate a good tolerance. The investigations on biology and therapy on Varroa are still going on in many countries. PMID- 6672555 TI - Towards better perinatal health. PMID- 6672556 TI - Maxillo-facial fractures--a retrospective analysis of 285 cases. PMID- 6672558 TI - Ocular toxoplasmosis in Malaysia. PMID- 6672557 TI - Kanamycin in the treatment of gonococcal urethritis in males. PMID- 6672559 TI - Hailey-Hailey disease--case report. PMID- 6672560 TI - Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau--a report of a case. PMID- 6672561 TI - The prevalence of tetracycline--stained teeth in Malaysians--a preliminary survey. PMID- 6672562 TI - Obturator hernia: a case report. PMID- 6672564 TI - Occupational exposure to inorganic lead in Malaysian battery-manufacturing factories. PMID- 6672563 TI - A study on the anti-smoking measures adopted by the local authorities in Malaysia, 1982. PMID- 6672565 TI - Idiopathic paroxysmal choreoathetosis--report of 2 cases and review of literature. PMID- 6672566 TI - Recurrent gall-stone ileus: a case report. PMID- 6672567 TI - Social problems encountered in the rehabilitation of physically-abused women: two case reports. PMID- 6672568 TI - Bromocriptine-induced pregnancies in the amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea syndrome. PMID- 6672569 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis--a preliminary report on 7 patients. PMID- 6672570 TI - [Sporadic cases of amebiasis in Donetsk Province]. PMID- 6672572 TI - [Opisthorchis felineus development in experimental opisthorchiasis in golden hamsters]. PMID- 6672571 TI - [Epidemiology of alveolar hydatid disease in the taiga zone of Yakutia. Water as one of the possible intermediate factors in the transmission of the infestation]. PMID- 6672573 TI - [Nonspecific resistance factors in intestinal helminthiases]. PMID- 6672574 TI - [Current treatment methods in trichocephaliasis and their effective use]. PMID- 6672575 TI - [Causes of fever attacks in malaria]. PMID- 6672577 TI - [Electroclinical characteristics of the effects of corticosteroids on experimentally induced epilepsy]. PMID- 6672576 TI - [High density lipoproteins and the value of determining them in clinical medicine]. PMID- 6672578 TI - [Incidence of obesity among school children and adolescents in Novi Sad]. PMID- 6672579 TI - [Congenital and acquired defects among children of Central Banat. Population genetic study of SAPV children in 1982]. PMID- 6672580 TI - [Arterial blood supply of the supraoptic nucleus in the golden hamster]. PMID- 6672581 TI - [Routine use of ultrasound and cardiotocography in the intensive surveillance of pregnancies at risk]. PMID- 6672582 TI - [Microbiological features of chronic otitis media]. PMID- 6672583 TI - [Gout and obesity]. PMID- 6672584 TI - [Maladjustment, stress and peptic ulcer in young adults]. PMID- 6672585 TI - [Osteomas of the frontal sinus with penetration into the orbit]. PMID- 6672587 TI - [Immunologic problems of EPH gestosis]. PMID- 6672586 TI - [External compression of blood vessels]. PMID- 6672588 TI - [Cryotherapy and its effects during treatment of ectopy of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 6672589 TI - [Catamnestic study of children treated for encephalitis]. PMID- 6672590 TI - [Surveillance of congenital malformations. Applications of the Chen method]. PMID- 6672591 TI - [Gastrin and celiac disease. Preliminary observations]. PMID- 6672592 TI - [Neurologic complications in epidemic parotitis]. PMID- 6672593 TI - [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Personal contribution]. PMID- 6672594 TI - [Segmental bullous pulmonary emphysema under pressure from a bronchogenic cyst]. PMID- 6672595 TI - [Current methods for the evaluation of the skeletal maturation. 1. Adaptation of the T.W.2 method to the Italian population]. PMID- 6672596 TI - [Platelet aggregation and Schoenlein-Henoch syndrome]. PMID- 6672598 TI - [Acute infectious diarrhea in early childhood. Review of a 5-year hospital case load]. PMID- 6672597 TI - [Preliminary survey in several provinces of Marche on arterial pressure values in children. IV. Study on the psycho-physical development of children in Marche]. PMID- 6672599 TI - [Ophthalmoplegia plus and ragged red fibers. Description of a case manifested in childhood]. PMID- 6672600 TI - [A case of collodion skin with an unfortunate outcome. Discussion and review of the literature]. PMID- 6672603 TI - [Current methods for the evaluation of skeletal maturation. A rapid method for screening changes in skeletal maturation]. PMID- 6672604 TI - The demography of deinstitutionalization. PMID- 6672601 TI - [A case of partial 9p monosomy]. PMID- 6672602 TI - [Mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema as a complication of bronchial asthma in childhood]. PMID- 6672605 TI - The influence of law on deinstitutionalization. PMID- 6672606 TI - An overview of deinstitutionalization. PMID- 6672607 TI - Psychiatric care of the deinstitutionalized patient. PMID- 6672609 TI - Community support systems for deinstitutionalized patients. PMID- 6672608 TI - Philosophy, treatment process, and principles of the psychiatric rehabilitation approach. PMID- 6672610 TI - New directions in deinstitutionalization planning. PMID- 6672611 TI - Toward humane mental health services: when system needs conflict with patient needs. PMID- 6672612 TI - The future of unified mental health services. PMID- 6672613 TI - California's transformation: can we learn from the pioneer? PMID- 6672614 TI - Wisconsin's system for funding mental health services. PMID- 6672615 TI - The dollar follows the patient, not the dollars. PMID- 6672616 TI - Unified services: a New York State perspective. PMID- 6672617 TI - Discussion of New York's unified services. PMID- 6672618 TI - The Georgia experience: unifying state and local services around the balanced service system model. PMID- 6672619 TI - The Georgia experience: another perspective. PMID- 6672620 TI - California--transformation of mental health care: 1957-1982. PMID- 6672621 TI - Toward a unified system of care: the Pima County approach. PMID- 6672622 TI - The Pima County approach: you call this a system? PMID- 6672623 TI - A proposal to replace state hospitals in Massachusetts. PMID- 6672624 TI - Families, relocation, and the corporation. PMID- 6672625 TI - Accommodation to contrast: being different in the organization. PMID- 6672626 TI - Recent trends in occupational mental health: an overview. PMID- 6672627 TI - The development of a community mental health program for occupational settings. PMID- 6672628 TI - Health promotion through psychological services. PMID- 6672629 TI - The psychiatrist's role in occupational mental health. PMID- 6672630 TI - Stress in the workplace: an integrated approach. PMID- 6672631 TI - Community mental health centers and industry: discussions with some key informants. PMID- 6672632 TI - Employee assistance programs: industrial and clinical perspectives. PMID- 6672633 TI - Rapid diagnosis of systemic candidiasis in children with cancer by pyrolysis gas liquid chromatography. AB - A pyrolysis gas liquid chromatographic method for detection of Candida antigen in patients with disseminated candidiasis is described. The test was positive in 73% of cases and no false positives or false negatives were noted in controls. PMID- 6672634 TI - The effects of heat on Sporothrix schenckii in vitro and in vivo. AB - In order to clarify the mechanism of action of topical thermotherapy on sporotrichosis, the effects of heat on Sporothrix schenckii in vitro and in vivo were investigated by observing the percentage germination and the ultrastructure. When the spores were heated to 42 degrees C, it took 10 hr with the conidia, 2 hr with the yeast-like cells and 1 hr with the spores in vivo to reduce the germination rates to 10%. The percentage germination curves were reduced slowly at first but later exponentially. Changes in the ultrastructure became evident in 2 hr with the yeast-like cells and in 8 hr with the conidia. The ribosome count declined and amorphous dense materials appeared in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. In vivo, the outstanding feature of the heated spores was the diversity of internal ultrastructural changes encountered and morphological changes. These were observed at 1 hr post treatment. PMID- 6672635 TI - Lymphocyte transformation test in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. AB - The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) by phytohemagglutinin was carried out on lymphocyte cultures from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, in medium with autologous plasma (from the patient) or homologous plasma (from an unaffected individual), and lymphocyte cultures from unaffected and apparently normal individuals, in medium with autologous plasma (from the individual) or homologous plasma (from a patient with paracoccidioidomycosis). Blastogenesis was evaluated morphologically by 'blast' percentage, and the results analyzed according to clinical form of the disease and general condition of the patient. In the medium containing autologous plasma, percentages below the lower limit of the confidence interval for the distribution of the values for apparently normal individuals were encountered more frequently among patients with diffuse extrapulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis and in poor general condition. When the lymphocytes from patients with the disease were cultured in medium containing homologous plasma, blastogenesis increased in most cases. The lymphocytes of unaffected individuals exhibited a lower response more frequently when cultured in medium containing plasma from patients with the disease than when cultured in medium containing their own plasma. These results suggest that existence of factor(s) inhibiting blastogenesis in the plasma of these patients. In addition to such factor(s), an intrinsic lymphocyte defect may also occur in some patients, which might prevent a greater response to phytohemagglutinin even in homologous plasma. Smears of lymphocytes cultured in autologous plasma and obtained from patients, especially those with diffuse extrapulmonary disease and in regular or poor general condition, and smears from most of the controls whose lymphocytes were cultured in the plasma of these patients revealed deeply stained cells with altered morphology and considerably reduced in number.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6672636 TI - The effect of aging on the neuronal population within area 17 of adult rat cerebral cortex. AB - The brains of Sprague-Dawley rats in various age groups from 3 to 33 months were fixed by perfusion with standard aldehyde solutions in order to determine the effects of aging on neuronal numbers. Several indices of cortical volume were then measured to determine whether neuronal packing densities were affected by age-related change in cortical volume. The lengths, heights and widths of individual hemispheres for 160 animals ranging in age from 1 day to 36 months were first determined, after which blocks of tissue were removed from area 17 of some of the brains. These blocks were osmicated, embedded in Araldite and sectioned at 1 micrometer to ascertain, in the vertical plane, the thickness of area 17 and, in the tangential plane, the packing density of the clusters of apical dendrites extending from layer V pyramidal neurons. Results indicate the overall dimensions of the cerebral hemispheres increased until 3 months of age, after which there was no further increase in size. Between 3 and 33 months of age there was no age-related change in either the thickness of area 17 or in the separation between dendritic clusters, indicating the volume of area 17 did not change after 3 months of age. Within individual age groups the amount of variation present is greater than that among age groups. Since the number of nucleus-containing neuronal profiles per unit area of layers II/III, IV, V, VIa and VIb was similar in two groups of three animals at 3 and 33 months of age and the diameters of neuronal nuclei were unchanged, there seems to be no significant change in the number of neurons contained in these layers of rat visual cortex between 3 and 33 months of age. It is therefore concluded that no neurons are lost from area 17 as the mature cerebral cortex ages. PMID- 6672637 TI - Integrity of blood-brain barrier to peroxidase in senescent mice. AB - The brain distribution of systemically-administered horseradish peroxidase was studied in senescent mice and compared with the distribution in a group of young mice. The distribution of HRP was surveyed in both the experimental and control groups by light and electron microscopy by an observer unaware of the source of the material. No qualitative differences were observed in the brain distribution of systemically-administered HRP in old mice compared to young mice. The results of this study suggest that the blood-brain barrier to HRP is preserved in senescent mice. PMID- 6672638 TI - CT scan studies of superficial cerebral regions: frequency and distribution of abnormalities in elderly psychiatric patients. AB - The CT scans of 50 elderly psychiatric patients were evaluated for the presence of discrete cerebral abnormalities. The prefrontal, superior temporal and inferior parietal areas showed the most frequent occurrence of defects. Motor, sensory and tertiary visual cortical regions, on the other hand, did not commonly exhibit signs of atrophy or sulcal widening. Clinical diagnoses of depression and dementia occurred in patients whether or not specific gyral defects were present, and therefore did not predict their presence. Patients with regional cerebral defects, however, were more likely to be older and to have sustained severe neurological insults. Patients with affective disorders who were treated with ECT showed no differences in the occurrence of superficial cerebral defects. PMID- 6672639 TI - Methadone in brain and its effects on locomotor activity of young and aged mice. AB - Plasma and brain levels of methadone produced by subcutaneous injections of the chloride salt (7.5, 15.0 or 22.5 mg/kg) and resultant changes in locomotor activity were determined in young (6-8 months) and aged (30-32 months) C57BL/6J mice. Methadone elevated locomotor activity of young and aged mice above control levels to about the same extent. The degree of activity elevation was inversely related to dose for both age groups, however, the reduction in stimulation with increasing dose was greater for young than aged mice; and only young mice exhibited a significant biphasic response to the high drug dose. Although the behavioral results suggest that aged mice were less responsive than young mice to methadone, brain concentrations of the drug were higher in aged than young mice by approximately one hour after injection. The age difference noted in brain concentration was not observed for plasma levels of methadone; hence cannot be accounted for by reduced drug metabolism in aged mice. The results of this study indicate that compared to young adults, aged mice are less responsive behaviorally to methadone despite higher brain concentrations of the drug. PMID- 6672640 TI - In vitro studies of guanidinoethyl sulfonate and taurine transport in the rat retina. AB - The present study reports inhibition of taurine uptake in the rat retina in vitro to 49% of control by 1 mM guanidinoethyl sulfonate. No efflux of preloaded [14C]taurine was observed by incubation in the presence of guanidinoethyl sulfonate. The in vivo depletion of retinal taurine by guanidinoethyl sulfonate treatment may arise owing to antagonism of taurine transport into the retina from the blood. PMID- 6672641 TI - Post-translational changes of chromosomal proteins in rat cerebellum during postnatal development. AB - Acetylation, phosphorylation and methylation of nuclear proteins in rat cerebellum at 10 and 30 days of age were investigated in vitro. Isolated nuclei were incubated in the presence of [1-14C]acetyl CoA, S-adenosyl [methyl 3H]methionine and [gamma-32P]ATP and then separated into histones and non histone proteins (NHP), which were further fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results obtained indicate that acetylation, phosphorylation and methylation of both basic and acidic proteins decrease from 10 to 30 days of age. Electrophoretic analysis of histones shows that the decrease mainly concerns H1, H3, and H2b fractions. The H3 fraction is always more labeled than the other fractions and shows the major changes during postnatal development. Phosphorylation of H2a and H4 fractions increases from 10 to 30 days of age, whereas acetylation and methylation of these fractions do not show significant changes from 10 to 30 days. The densitometric and radioactive patterns of NHP show considerable changes between 10 and 30 days, especially in the high molecular weight region. The incorporation of 14C-acetyl and 3H-methyl groups and of 32P phosphate appears to be generalized throughout the molecular weight range and decreases from 10 to 30 days of age. The methylation of an as yet unidentified protein with a molecular weight of approximately 110,000 daltons occurred at both ages. PMID- 6672642 TI - The effect of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine on ischemia-induced disturbances of brain phospholipid in the gerbil. AB - Brain ischemia was produced in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) by the bilateral ligation of the carotid arteries with reported procedures. Changes in the energy status of brain demonstrated that carotid ligation was effective. At different time intervals from ligation, groups of gerbils were given either saline of S Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) by the intraventricular (i.v.) route (1.6 mg/Kg body wt. twice, at each 10 min interval), or by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration (200 mg/Kg body wt.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) with 40 mg/Kg body wt, daily, for two weeks. Control animals, with and without SAMe, together with the ischemic groups, were decapitated directly into liquid nitrogen, 10 min after ligation. Brain neutral and polar lipid, together with free fatty acids, which were all labeled in vivo by the intraventricular injection of [1-14C]arachidonic acid 2 hr prior to ligation, were extracted, purified and separated by conventional procedures. SAMe when injected i.v. or i.p. noticeably corrected the changes in polar lipid by reversing the decrease of brain phosphatidylcholine and choline plasmalogen, as well as of their labeling, which was due to ischemia. Concurrently with this action, SAMe treatment (i.v. and i.p.) also provided to some extent to re-establish the normal level of labeling of ethanolamine lipids. When SAMe was given s.c., no effect was present. SAMe had no effect on the increase of free fatty acid and diglyceride due to ischemia. The prevention by SAMe of the changes of choline lipids suggests that a stimulation of the methyltransferase reaction may occur in the ischemic brain, due to increased substrate (SAMe) availability. This effect may be important for cell survival, since membrane phospholipid derangements alter the properties of the membrane. PMID- 6672643 TI - Brain DNA metabolism in myelin deficient mutant jp, jpmsd and qk mice. AB - We studied metabolism of brain DNA in three myelin deficient mutants qk, jp and jpmsd mice. The DNA content, the in vivo incorporation of [14C]thymidine in DNA and the activity of acid DNase in tissues (cerebellum and cerebrum) from normal littermates and affected mice were compared. The results showed that neither the DNA content, the incorporation of [14C]thymidine in DNA nor the activity of acid DNase in brain were altered in qk affected mice. In jpmsd mice, however, the DNA content as well as the incorporation of thymidine in DNA were reduced in both cerebellum and cerebrum, but the activity of acid DNase was reduced in cerebrum only. In jp mice, although the DNA content was reduced in both cerebellum and cerebrum, the incorporation of thymidine in DNA and the activity of acid DNase were reduced in cerebrum only. The data suggest a) that in qk mutants DNA metabolism and hence cell (glial) proliferation is not affected; b) that in jpmsd mutants DNA synthesis, and thus the cell proliferation is reduced in cerebellum as well as in cerebrum of the affected mice and c) that in jp mutants the synthesis of DNA and the cell proliferation is reduced in cerebrum but not in cerebellum. PMID- 6672644 TI - [Pseudo-epileptic psychogenic seizures in the epileptic child]. PMID- 6672645 TI - Time course of functional relations between brain structures during differentiation of time intervals by monkeys. PMID- 6672646 TI - Role of the pallidum in the formation of different types of adaptive behavior. PMID- 6672647 TI - Neurochemical mechanisms of participation of the caudate nuclei in food-getting behavior. PMID- 6672648 TI - Some new experimental approaches to the analysis of complex forms of behavior. PMID- 6672649 TI - Spatial synchronization of brain potentials during extinctive inhibition. PMID- 6672650 TI - Plastic properties of visual cortical neurons in cats. PMID- 6672652 TI - Role of the hippocampal cortex and dorsal ventricular ridge in conditioned reflex activity of the anguid lizard scheltopusik (Ophisaurus apodus). PMID- 6672651 TI - Effect of a dominant focus in the mesencephalic reticular formation on the functional state of the sensomotor cortex. PMID- 6672653 TI - Impulse activity of neurons of the brainstem reticular formation after functional (cold) disconnection of the temporal neocortex. PMID- 6672654 TI - Effects of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and serotonin on neurons of the septum in vitro. PMID- 6672655 TI - Characteristics of human auditory evoked potentials during lateralization of a "moving" acoustic image. PMID- 6672656 TI - Interactions of excitation foci and their complexes in cerebral cortex. PMID- 6672658 TI - Neuronal composition of microareas of the cat sensorimotor cortex. PMID- 6672657 TI - The role of neuropeptides and blockers of protein synthesis in neuronal mechanisms of food-getting behavior. PMID- 6672659 TI - Analysis of responses of the neurons of the hippocampus to endogenous opioid peptides in mice. PMID- 6672660 TI - Difference of neurophysiological mechanisms of delayed reaction and trace conditioned reflex. PMID- 6672661 TI - Role of the globus pallidus in the mechanisms of memory. PMID- 6672662 TI - Conditioned motor reactions in free-moving elasmobranchs and bony fishes. AB - Food-getting conditioned motor reflexes to light and darkness discrimination were developed in elasmobranchs (the sharks Scyllium canicula and Galleus canis) and bony fishes (Mugil capitocum). Several distinctions in ecological and conditioned motor behavior were observed in sharks with low and high degrees of organization. There were significant differences between elasmobranchs and bony fishes in ecological and food-getting behavior and in conditioned reflex reactions. The nervous activity of elasmobranchs is characterized by a lower and more primitive degree of organization, compared to bony fishes. PMID- 6672663 TI - [A classification scale for recovery from anesthesia]. PMID- 6672664 TI - [Magnesium sulfate and pain caused by succinylcholine]. PMID- 6672665 TI - [Use of etomidate in cardiosurgery. Clinical contribution]. PMID- 6672666 TI - [Anesthesiologic problems in the surgical treatment of obstetric paralysis of the brachial plexus in the newborn infant]. PMID- 6672667 TI - [Anesthesia in hemodynamic studies. Indications and limits of althesin and flunitrazepam-fentanyl combination]. PMID- 6672668 TI - [Carbon hemoperfusion. Case contributions]. PMID- 6672669 TI - [Gastric polyps. Pathologic study and histogenetic classification]. PMID- 6672670 TI - [Quantitative variations of glycosaminoglycans in the gastric mucosa in inflammatory gastropathy and gastric ulcer. Preliminary study]. PMID- 6672671 TI - [Subclinical hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6672672 TI - [Serum haptoglobins in hepatic cirrhosis with portal hypertension and secondary hypersplenism]. PMID- 6672673 TI - [Screening for cancer of the large intestine in the inhabitants of an alpine valley]. PMID- 6672674 TI - [Short bowel syndrome]. PMID- 6672675 TI - [Intrauterine devices and serum levels of prolactin]. PMID- 6672676 TI - [Antepartum treatment with glucocorticoids for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome in the premature child. 8 years' experience]. PMID- 6672677 TI - [Diabetes and pregnancy. III. Ultrasonic biometry and fetal growth]. PMID- 6672678 TI - [Occasional encounter of fetal malformations during echographic examination in pregnancy]. PMID- 6672679 TI - [Low-dose calcium heparin in the prevention of postoperative thromboembolic disease in gynecology]. PMID- 6672680 TI - [Fetal movements as an index of well-being in the third trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 6672681 TI - [New therapeutic possibilities in andrology. The nucleotides]. PMID- 6672682 TI - [Influence of bromocriptine therapy on the sex behavior of amenorrheic patients]. PMID- 6672683 TI - [Clinico-experimental evaluation on the use of sulprostone, new PGE2 derivative. II. Interruption of pregnancy in the second trimester]. PMID- 6672684 TI - [Clinico-experimental evaluation on the use of sulprostone, new PGE2 derivative. III. Its use in some aspects of obstetric pathology]. PMID- 6672685 TI - [Clinico-experimental evaluation on the use of sulprostone, new PGE2 derivative. IV. Possible modalities of its use in gynecology]. PMID- 6672686 TI - Serotoninergic fibers in dorsal roots of the spinal cord. AB - In the lumbar segment of the spinal cord, serotonin-containing nerve fibers are shown to connect the descending serotoninergic pathway of the intermediolateral column with the ipsilateral dorsal root. This may suggest that efferent serotoninergic fibers, originating from brainstem raphe nuclei, leave the spinal cord via the dorsal roots. However, when tryptophan pretreatment is employed in addition to a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, a limited number of yellow-fluorescing neurons can at times also be visualized in the dorsal ganglia. These could be the cell bodies of origin of at least some of the above-mentioned serotonin containing nerve fibers, which would then have, at least in part, an afferent, sensory function. At present, therefore, the origin and function of this newly discovered serotoninergic pathway remains to be clarified. PMID- 6672687 TI - Ultrastructural studies on synaptic formations in dissociated fetal mouse brain cultures. AB - Sequential electron microscopic studies of cultures of neurons derived from dissociated fetal mouse brain on the eleventh day of gestation revealed the formation of well-developed synapses during the second and third weeks of growth in vitro. Synaptic junctions were associated with synaptic vesicles nd dense synaptic membranes. Dense-core vesicles were also observed frequently in presynaptic terminals. PMID- 6672688 TI - Location of short neck muscle motoneurons in the cat as revealed by horseradish peroxidase. AB - The locations of short neck muscle motoneurons have been determined by means of the horseradish peroxidase technique. Although rectus capitis dorsalis major, rectus capitis dorsalis minor and obliquus capitis caudalis muscles have different functions implicated in head movements, their motoneurons are located in a common area of the ventromedial nucleus of the spinal cord, with no noticeable somatotopic organization. The three motoneuronal populations showed similar morphometric parameters with respect to soma size and shape. Some functional implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 6672689 TI - Laminar origin of the tecto-thalamic projections in the albino rat. AB - Cells of origin of the tecto-LP (lateroposterior nucleus of the thalamus) projection and the tecto-LGNd (dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate body) projection were studied in the albino rat by means of retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Tecto-LGNd neurons with small spindle form were located in the stratum griseum superficiale of the superior colliculus (SC), whereas tecto-LP neurons with polygonal shape were found in the stratum opticum of the SC. PMID- 6672690 TI - The termination pattern of sciatic nerve afferents in the substantia gelatinosa of neonatal rats. AB - A study was carried out to determine at what stage of development the adult pattern of primary afferent projections to the substantia gelatinosa (SG) is first established. Horseradish peroxidase conjugated wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA HRP) was applied to cut ends of sciatic nerves at mid-thigh level in adult and neonatal rats aged 1-16 days. The distribution of transganglionically transported label in primary afferent terminals in SG was reconstructed from transverse sections of spinal cord segments L1 to S1. The distinctive U-shaped projection field of the sciatic nerve in SG of the adult was found to exist in miniature form already in the second postnatal day 24 h after WGA-HRP had been applied. The highly specific somatotopic projections of primary afferents to SG are probably established before birth. Any delay in the maturation of functional specificity in the dorsal horn of the neonate cannot be attributed to the absence or disorganization of anatomical projections to SG of primary afferent inputs. PMID- 6672691 TI - Direct projections to the prestriate cortex from the retino-recipient zone of the inferior pulvinar nucleus in the macaque monkey. AB - It was found by the anterograde and retrograde horseradish peroxidase methods that the medial border region of the inferior pulvinar nucleus of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata), where optic fibers have been shown to end [8], was connected reciprocally with the ipsilateral prestriate cortical regions around the compensatory sulcus on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. PMID- 6672692 TI - The major calmodulin-stimulated phosphoprotein of synaptic junctions and the major post-synaptic density protein are distinct. AB - The major post-synaptic density protein (mPSDp) present in isolated synaptic junction fractions is distinct from the major phosphoprotein (50Kpp) that is labelled by an endogenous calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase. mPSDp and the 50Kpp have different apparent molecular weights on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gels and the presence of 50Kpp in brain soluble fractions indicates that the two proteins have different subcellular distributions. PMID- 6672693 TI - Endplate postsynaptic structure dependent upon muscle activity. AB - The influence of contractile activity on the preservation of the denervated postsynaptic region of the endplate was quantitatively assessed by electron microscopy. The extensor digitorum longus muscle of rats were denervated for 21 days. Denervated animals were divided into two groups, those receiving electrical stimulation treatment (1 h/day for 21 days) and those left untreated. The postsynaptic area of clefts and folds in endplates of type I and II muscle fibers from controls and denervated-stimulated animals were found to be comparable in size whereas the postsynaptic areas in the denervated-non-stimulated muscles were significantly reduced. The results show that electrically-induced contractile activity plays a significant role in the maintenance of the postsynaptic region of the endplate. PMID- 6672694 TI - Two descending medullary inspiratory pathways to phrenic motoneurones. AB - Synaptic connections of the medullary inspiratory neurones of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and nucleus retroambigualis (NRA) with phrenic motoneurones were studied using spike triggered averaging of the synaptic noise of phrenic motoneurones. More than 60% of NTS inspiratory neurones made monosynaptic connections with phrenic motoneurones, while similar connections between NRA and phrenic motoneurones could be shown in less than 7% of studied neuronal pairs. Relations between cross-correlations and observed synaptic connectivity of the phrenic motoneurones are also discussed. PMID- 6672695 TI - Cultivation of rat cerebellar cells under conditions of optimal oxygen supply. AB - A method is described for the cultivation of essentially small cerebellar neurones under optimal oxygen supply. Cerebellar cells were seeded onto polylysine-coated dishes equipped with a gas-permeable bottom (Petriperm). Under these conditions, cells migrated to form small groups and developed dense networks of fibres covering the entire bottom of the dish. Contamination with non neuronal cells was restricted to fibroblasts (less than 0.1%), oligodendrocytes (less than 1%) and astrocytes (approximately 6%), even after prolonged cultivation (15 days). PMID- 6672698 TI - Acute glaucoma following Nd: YAG laser membranotomy. AB - A 65-year-old aphake with a functioning filtration bleb underwent neodymium:YAG laser membranotomy. Shortly thereafter, he acutely developed pain, nausea, and visual blur with an intraocular pressure of 42 mm Hg. The mechanism of the acute glaucoma is believed to be occlusion of the fistula by herniated vitreous. PMID- 6672697 TI - The standard of care in defensive medicine: a lawyer's point of view. PMID- 6672696 TI - Physicians are responsible for the practice of "defensive medicine". PMID- 6672699 TI - Vitrectomy in children. AB - A series of 24 consecutive pars plana posterior vitrectomies in children is reported. The postoperative visual acuities improved in 59%, were unchanged in 23%, and worsened in 28%. Trauma was the most common predisposing etiologic factor to vitrectomy and accounted for 59% of cases. Boys in the series outnumbered girls by a ratio of nearly 3:1, a factor most likely attributable to the high incidence of trauma. In no case did visual loss occur as a direct result of vitrectomy. PMID- 6672700 TI - Modified lacrimal system intubation. AB - A modified technique for silicone intubation of the lacrimal system is presented to eliminate the two major postoperative problems of punctal erosion and loop retraction. PMID- 6672701 TI - The treatment of necrotizing scleritis with an autogenous periosteal graft. AB - We used autogenous periosteum to reinforce scleral defects in two patients with necrotizing scleritis. This technique produced good anatomical results and maintained useful vision in each case. Autogenous periosteum offers advantages over other tissues as a tectonic graft for necrotizing scleritis, since it is easy to harvest and handle, it is strong and vascular, and is not subject to immunologic rejection. PMID- 6672703 TI - Special scissors for oculoplastic surgery. PMID- 6672702 TI - Limitations of blue field entoptoscopy in evaluating macular function. AB - Evaluation of macular function in cataract patients using blue field entoptoscopy (BFE) has been reported as useful in all cases by some authors; another found it useful only in patients with moderate visual acuity loss due to cataract. This paper reports findings in 101 cataractous eyes evaluated consecutively with BFE. A strong correlation was found between cataract type and percentage of false negatives, but the correlation between the preoperative acuity level and percentage of false negatives was poor. BFE was also poor in detecting moderate macular dysfunction (20/60-20/80). Four cases with profound visual acuity loss due to macular holes had normal perception of BFE. PMID- 6672704 TI - On coughing and the open eye. PMID- 6672705 TI - More on sedation prior to local injection. PMID- 6672706 TI - Unnecessary cataract extraction. PMID- 6672707 TI - [Current questions concerning the evaluation of the pathomechanism of epilepsy]. PMID- 6672708 TI - [Thr value of continuous lumbal peridural anesthesia (based on 2606 cases)]. PMID- 6672709 TI - [K-cell activity in bone cancer patients]. PMID- 6672710 TI - [Recovery from gramoxone poisoning]. PMID- 6672711 TI - [Ureter bifidus with a blind end in one of the ureteral branches]. PMID- 6672712 TI - [The danger of unnecessary examinations]. PMID- 6672713 TI - Effects of blood pressure control on the progression of renal insufficiency in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6672714 TI - Tubular deposition of complement in non-obstructive nephrolithiasis. PMID- 6672715 TI - Morphologic and functional damage of gastric mucosa in liver cirrhosis. PMID- 6672716 TI - A biequatorial hip prosthesis. PMID- 6672717 TI - Observations in iodine exchange in thermal therapy with salsobromoiodic water. PMID- 6672718 TI - An unusual tongue necrosis in bilateral occlusion of external carotid artery branches. PMID- 6672720 TI - [Changes in the lipid structure of leukocyte membranes in atopic bronchial asthma in children]. PMID- 6672719 TI - [Serum prostaglandins and their dynamics in allergic diseases in children]. PMID- 6672721 TI - [Status of local immunity of the digestive tract in children with food allergies]. PMID- 6672723 TI - [State of lipid peroxidation in infectious-toxic lesions of the nervous system in young children]. PMID- 6672722 TI - [Immunologic indices in evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of atopic bronchial asthma in children]. PMID- 6672724 TI - [Effect of glucocorticosteroid preparations on immunologic indices and the functional status of the adrenal cortex in young children with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 6672725 TI - [Features of the dynamics of seizures with psychopathologic manifestations in epileptic children and adolescents]. PMID- 6672726 TI - [Standards for sexual development and criteria for hypogonadism in boys]. PMID- 6672727 TI - [Principal results of pediatric research in 1982]. PMID- 6672728 TI - [Principles of pediatric deontology]. PMID- 6672729 TI - [Cases of activation of latent tuberculosis in adolescents undergoing corticosteroid therapy]. PMID- 6672730 TI - [Status of the otorhinolaryngologic organs in patients with diffuse diseases of connective tissue in childhood]. PMID- 6672731 TI - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in children with nonsteroidal anti inflammatory preparations]. PMID- 6672732 TI - [2 cases of periodic disease in children with severe symptomatology]. PMID- 6672733 TI - [Subclinical allergy and its role in the development of allergic diseases in children]. PMID- 6672734 TI - Apparent reversal frequencies in squares and trapezia: the effect of invariant and variant information. AB - Three studies of apparent reversals (ARs) in rotating rectangular and trapezoid arrays are reported, together with a mathematical analysis. Study 1 explores the effect of different degrees of outline suppression on the frequency and distribution of ARs in squares and trapezia. Study 2 examines how modifications in both types of array reduce AR frequency, demonstrates a manipulation whereby ARs in rotating squares are eliminated, and suggests that ARs in squares and trapezia are of different origins. In the mathematical analysis, an invariant characteristic of the transformations of rotating rectangles is reported, and from this a numerical index is developed that expresses the extent to which a rotating trapezium may appear to pause just before each point of oscillation. In study 3 it is shown that this measure is a better predictor of AR frequencies than the heuristic proposed by Braunstein. PMID- 6672735 TI - Pattern recognition in kittens: performance on Lie patterns. AB - Despite a vast accumulation of knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of the cat's visual system in recent years, and about its early development, there has been very little experimental study of the development of visual behaviour in this species. This is especially true of the kitten's ability to recognize patterns. Two experiments are reported that aim to remedy some part of this deficiency, and that also serves to examine a particular hypothesis about the basis of pattern analysis in the young organism. This is Hoffman's hypothesis that the orbits of elementary Lie transformation groups (a species of continuous transformation group) represent the basis for coding pattern information. PMID- 6672737 TI - Optic-flow and cognitive factors in time-to-collision estimates. AB - Time-to-collision (Tc) estimates were obtained from twenty-four subjects who viewed film clips for varying lengths of time. The film clips showed the view from a moving car travelling towards a stationary target car, but ended 100 m before reaching the target. Viewing time varied from 2 to 6 s, approach velocity from 40 to 100 km h-1, and Tc from 3.6 to 9.0s. It was hypothesised that, if time were needed to calculate Tc, the accuracy of Tc estimates would increase with viewing time up to some maximum. However, the results showed no effect of viewing time, and this was taken to indicate that estimates were based upon information directly available from the changing optic array at the eye of the observer. A significant velocity effect was found, accuracy increasing with velocity. Since velocity was inversely correlated with Tc, this probably implies that accuracy decreases with increasing Tc. Sex differences were found, with males giving higher and more accurate estimates than females. The relevance of these findings to the nature of Tc information is discussed. PMID- 6672736 TI - Light source position in the perception of object shape. AB - The apparent relief of monocularly viewed surfaces reversed when the order of light and shade was reversed relative to the position of a lamp observed the moment earlier. The pattern of shading was reversed either by illuminating from a direction opposite to that of the apparent direction of illumination or by inverting the illuminating image relative to the light source. The combination of both of these manipulations restores the original juxtaposition of light source and shading and reestablished accurate perception of relief. These results demonstrate that the perception of the relief of physical surfaces depends upon the remembered position of an apparent light source. PMID- 6672738 TI - Depth from dichoptic edges depends on vergence tuning. AB - Small but reproducible fixation disparities occur in normal subjects when they view certain types of dichoptic stimuli. During dichoptic as well as stereoptic stimulation the motor fusion process determines first the average vergence state of the eyes. The subsequent fine tuning of vergence is shown to depend on the spatial distribution of contrast edges both of the same contrast sign ('stereoptic edges') and of opposite contrast sign ('dichoptic edges'). Stereoptic edges tend to induce superposition attempts of the vergence control system and dichoptic edges tend to antagonise this process. If a single low contrast dichoptic edge is presented with zero disparity and within a stereoptic reference frame, a fixation disparity of several minutes of arc results. This influences depth vision since dichoptic edges are perceived (as monocular edges) at the actual rather than at the intended fixation distance. The findings explain previous paradoxical results of eg Kaufman and Pitblado who reported seeing depth in opposite-contrast stereograms. Their results seemed to contradict the well established 'same-sign rule' (SSR) which states that the stereoptic system only detects disparities of edges with the same contrast sign. It is concluded that (i) the SSR holds; (ii) dichoptic (and monocular) edges are seen at the horopter; (iii) the vergence fine tuning prevents superposition of dichoptic edges even if this causes a fixation disparity. PMID- 6672739 TI - Afterimages, binocular rivalry, and the temporal properties of dominance and suppression. AB - When different contours are presented to the two eyes, an unstable percept, binocular rivalry, is the result. Parts of each set of contours may be seen but the two sets are not seen in the same place at the same time. The contours need not be physically present. Afterimages will produce binocular rivalry. Normal rivalry can be prevented if intermittent stimulation is used. Previous work has shown that orthogonal gratings, flashed for less than 150 ms and separated by more than 150 ms, will appear to fuse into a plaid or checkerboard pattern. In the present experiment this phenomenon is examined with afterimages used to produce rivalry. This abnormal 'fusion' is seen when negative afterimages are stroboscopically illuminated at less than 5 Hz. The results obtained with afterimages are predictable from the previous results obtained with stimuli external to the eye. PMID- 6672740 TI - Influence of spatial frequency, luminance, and duration on binocular rivalry and abnormal fusion of briefly presented dichoptic stimuli. AB - Orthogonal gratings, presented dichoptically, do not fuse into a single percept. Parts of each are seen while other parts are suppressed in an unstable perception (binocular rivalry). However, it has been previously noted that, if the gratings are briefly flashed, they will appear to fuse into a plaid or checkerboard pattern. Three experiments are reported which have been designed to define more clearly the spatial and temporal parameters of this effect in the hope that this would lead to better understanding of the normal mechanisms of dominance and suppression. Stimuli appear fused if flashed for less than 150 ms. The effect is independent of substantial changes in spatial frequency and luminance. Single flashes that appear fused when presented in isolation produce rivalry if separated by intervals less than about 150 ms. Intervals greater than 150 ms produce continued abnormal fusion. Possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6672741 TI - Low spatial frequencies dominate apparent motion. AB - Experiments are reported which have been designed to establish what features of a pair of figures can be used as an input for apparent motion. The display consisted of a central figure, A, which appeared briefly and was followed immediately afterwards by two figures, B and C, which appeared on either side of the original location of A. Figure A can thus move towards either B or C. When A was a low-pass filtered square it moved towards C (a low-pass filtered square that was similar to A but 'rotated' by 45 degrees) rather than toward B (a high pass filtered square identical to A in orientation and size). When A was an unfiltered square it moved towards C (a low-pass filtered square of identical orientation) rather than towards B (a high-pass filtered square of identical orientation). Lastly, when A was a 'solid' square it moved towards C (a solid circle) rather than towards B (an outline square). All three experiments suggest that the direction of perceived movement is determined exclusively by low spatial frequencies rather than by similarity of oriented edges, especially when speed of alternation is rapid. PMID- 6672742 TI - Apparent movement induced by afterimages. AB - A small light source viewed in the dark through an afterimage produced by an electronic flash may appear to move along short random paths. Experiment 1 shows that this is not an instance of the autokinetic phenomenon, and experiment 2 shows that it is not related to the 'fluttering hearts' phenomenon. On the basis of experiments 1 and 3 it is concluded that small-scale ocular drifts, microsaccades, and possibly tremors cause the whole afterimage to move. The afterimage serves as a frame of reference and induces movement of the light source. PMID- 6672743 TI - Position in the visual field and spatial expansion. AB - Measurements of the tilt illusion by parallelism matches have taken as their baseline data estimates of parallelism between two lines. This is because Carpenter and Blakemore and others found in this situation that parallel lines appeared to diverge at their upper ends. It was hypothesised that this effect was due to inappropriate constancy scaling-the parallel lines being interpreted as being located in a receding plane-and that consequently it was inappropriate to take this effect into account in assessing the degree of the tilt illusion. To test the theory, a horizontal line was compared with other horizontal and vertical lines lower down in the visual field. A tendency to underestimate the length of lines lower down in the visual field was found but this varied inversely with distance from the standard. The findings were accounted for on the assumption that the occurrence of inappropriate constancy scaling depended upon prior organization by contiguity which determined whether the two lines were taken as a group or not. PMID- 6672744 TI - Visual, kinaesthetic and cross-modal development: relationships to motor skill development. AB - The ability of children between the ages of 5 and 10 years to match the length of lines within and between the modalities of vision and kinaesthesis was studied. No evidence was found for specific increases in cross-modal skill which could not be explained in terms of within-modal development. Performance in the perceptual task was related to measures of developing motor skill in the children. Substantial relationships were found between performance on the within-modal tasks and motor skill, but no significant relationships were found between cross modal measures and motor skill development. It is concluded that the development of cross-modal integration is not a major determinant of motor skill development. PMID- 6672745 TI - Illusory contours in line patterns with apparent depth due to either perspective or overlay. AB - An illusory contour along a partially delineated border in the form of an apparent 'outside' corner due to perspective was as strong as one along a similarly delineated border in the form of an edge due to overlay. An illusory contour along a border in the form of an apparent 'inside' corner, due probably to both perspective and overlay, was stronger than either. These outcomes suggest that apparent stratification from overlay is not necessary for the occurrence of illusory contours. They also accord with the view that apparent depth due to overlay or to perspective is equally effective in rendering partially delineated borders more prominent and, in consequence, the illusory contours that form along them stronger. PMID- 6672747 TI - The grass is always greener: an ecological analysis of an old aphorism. PMID- 6672746 TI - Evidence relating subjective contours and interpretations involving interposition. AB - Subjective contours, according to one theory, outline surfaces that are apparently interposed between the viewer and background (because of the disruption of background figures, sudden termination of lines, and other interposition 'cues') but are not explicitly outlined by intensity discontinuities. This theory predicts that if the cues are not interpreted as evidence of interposition, no intervening surface need be postulated, hence no subjective contours would be seen. This prediction, however, is difficult to test because observers normally interpret the cues as interposition evidence and normally see the subjective contours. Tests are reported on a patient with visual agnosia who is unable to make the usual interposition interpretations and unable to see subjective contours, but has normal ability to interpret standard visual illusions, stereograms, and in particular, stereogram versions of the standard subjective contour figures, which elicit to him strong subjective edges in depth (corresponding to the subjective contours viewed in the monocular versions of the figures. PMID- 6672748 TI - [Dose-time-volume factors in radiotherapy of T2N0M0 glottic cancer]. PMID- 6672749 TI - [Result of radiotherapeutic management of nasopharyngeal cancer]. PMID- 6672750 TI - [Hepatobiliary scintigraphy and liver function test with 99mTc-N-pyridoxyl-5 methyltryptophan (99mTc-PMT)]. PMID- 6672752 TI - [A rare anomaly of the abdominal aorta and its branches. A case report with angiography and embryological consideration]. PMID- 6672751 TI - [Effect of even or uneven dose fractionation regime on murine squamous cell carcinoma with combined use of misonidazole]. PMID- 6672753 TI - [Mucosal patterns of the gastric cardia and action of the cardiac orifice in opening and closing during deglutition]. PMID- 6672754 TI - Ultrasonographic measurements of the normal gastric wall. PMID- 6672755 TI - [Radiotherapy of esophageal cancer in combination with chemotherapy]. PMID- 6672756 TI - [Interstitial irradiation by after-loading technique with 192Ir seed-assemblies for deep-seated malignant tumors. I. Optimal placement of 192Ir seed-assemblies and their dose distribution]. PMID- 6672757 TI - Glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood of healthy horses given different selenium supplementation. AB - Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity in the blood is correlated to the amount of selenium which was given to the horse. Currently recommended doses of selenium seem to be sufficient in order to prevent selenium deficiency. The blood GSH-px in foals reflects the amount of selenium given to the mare during pregnancy. PMID- 6672758 TI - Experimental use of iohexol in visualization of the canine urinary tract. PMID- 6672759 TI - Acceptability and pathological changes in organs of rats fed wheat contaminated with a mixed culture of Aspergillus and Penicillium species. AB - Mouldy grains can cause problems with pathological changes in vital organs. This investigation involved histological studies including the occurrence of fungal conidiospores in organs of rats fed wheat contaminated by the addition of a mixed culture of Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. PMID- 6672760 TI - An outbreak of duck virus enteritis among ducks and geese in Denmark. AB - Duck virus enteritis occurred in the spring of 1982 among domesticated mallards, Pekin ducks and geese producing eggs for the same hatchery. Wild mallards may have introduced the infection to the domestic birds. High mortality occurred in one flock of Pekin ducks and in young geese. Mallards were also affected, but less severely. Gross and microscopic lesions were in general typical for DVE. Virus was demonstrated by electron microscopy of Bursa fabricii from experimentally infected ducklings. Neutralizing antibodies were found in serum from ducks, surviving an acute outbreak in the flock. Vaccination was performed and hygienic precautions taken, and transmission from infected flocks to progeny was negligible. PMID- 6672761 TI - An age related and breeder flock associated hemorrhagic disorder in Danish broilers. AB - An age related and breeder flock associated hemorrhagic disorder has recently been demonstrated in Danish broilers. The present paper deals with the etiology of the disorder in addition to clinical signs and pathological lesions associated with the syndrome. Additionally some epidemiological observations are presented. PMID- 6672762 TI - Heat synchronization in dairy cows. AB - Dairy cows were heat synchronized with two injections of cloprostenol (PG1/PG2) with an interval of 13 days and inseminated 72 hours after PG2. The total pregnancy rate obtained was 42% The probability of achieving luteal phase at PG2, the probability of undergoing luteolysis after PG2 and the probability of achieving pregnancy were all equal whether the cows were in luteal phase, follicular phase, had follicular cysts or small ovaries at PG1. Close correlations were found between the signs of heat at the insemination and the interval from calving to PG1 to the pregnancy rates. PMID- 6672763 TI - A method for culture and recovery of gastrointestinal strongyle larvae. PMID- 6672764 TI - The external transcribed spacer and preceding region of Xenopus borealis rDNA: comparison with the corresponding region of Xenopus laevis rDNA. AB - We report sequence data from a cloned rDNA unit from Xenopus borealis, extending leftwards from the 18S gene to overlap a region previously sequenced by R. Bach, B. Allet and M. Crippa (Nucleic Acids Research 9, 5311-5330). Comparison with data from other species of Xenopus leads to the inference that the transcription initiation site in X.borealis is in the newly sequenced region and not, as was previously thought, in the region sequenced earlier. The X.borealis external transcribed spacer thus defined is some 612 nucleotides long, about 100 nucleotides shorter than in X.laevis. The X.borealis and X.laevis external transcribed spacers show a pattern of extensive but interrupted sequence divergence, with a large conserved tract starting about 100 nucleotides downstream from the transcription initiation site and shorter conserved tracts elsewhere. The regions in between the conserved tracts differ in length between the respective external transcribed spacers indicating that insertions and deletions have contributed to their divergence, as previously inferred for the internal transcribed spacers. Much of the overall length difference is in the region flanking the 18S gene, where there are also length microheterogeneities in X.laevis rDNA. As in X.laevis, the transcribed spacer sequences flanking the 18S gene in X.borealis contain no major tracts of mutual complementarity. The accumulated data on transcribed spacers in Xenopus render it unlikely that processing of ribosomal precursor RNA involves interaction between the regions flanking 18S RNA. PMID- 6672765 TI - Regional chromosomal localization of N-ras, K-ras-1, K-ras-2 and myb oncogenes in human cells. AB - The identification of transforming genes in human tumor cells has been made possible by DNA mediated gene transfer techniques. To date, it has been possible to show that most of these transforming genes are activated cellular analogues of the ras oncogene family. To better understand the relationship between these oncogenes and other human genes, we have determined their chromosomal localization by analyzing human rodent somatic cell hybrids with molecularly cloned human proto-oncogene probes. It was possible to assign N-ras to chromosome 1 and regionally localize c-K-ras-1 and c-K-ras-2 to human chromosomes 6pter-q13 and 12q, respectively. These results along with previous studies demonstrate the highly dispersed nature of ras genes in the human genome. Previous reports indicated that the c-myb gene also resides on chromosome 6. It has been possible to sublocalize c-myb to the long arm of chromosome 6 (q15-q21). The non-random aberrations in chromosomes 1, 6 and 12 that occur in certain human tumors suggest possible etiologic involvement of ras and/or myb oncogenes in such tumors. PMID- 6672767 TI - The effect of adriamycin on Z-DNA formation and DNA synthesis. AB - The ability of adriamycin to inhibit Z-DNA formation induced by a high-salt environment was investigated. ADM inhibited this conversion, such that in poly (dG-dC) total inhibition was observed at 1 ADM: 9 base pairs and in eukaryotic DNA (calf thymus) at 1 ADM: 11,5 base pairs. Even at low ADM concentration, 1 ADM: 160 base pairs, some inhibition was observed. At similar ADM:DNA concentrations, an inhibition in DNA synthesis in cells in culture was observed, which showed some parallel with the inhibition of Z-DNA formation. A model is proposed where Z-DNA formation precedes DNA synthesis and where inhibition of the former could explain the antineoplastic nature of adriamycin. PMID- 6672766 TI - Vimentin gene expression during myogenesis: two functional transcripts from a single copy gene. AB - We have previously reported that a single vimentin gene is present in the chicken genome (22). In vivo transcription of this gene yields two distinct classes of mRNA's (approximatley 2200 and-2500 nts) generated through the possible differential utilization of polyadenylylation sites. In this report we demonstrate that 1) both transcripts are functional in vitro and direct the cell free synthesis of the vimentin polypeptide, as judged by two dimensional gel analysis; 2) three of the four possible adenylylation signals indicated in the sequence of the gene are utilized in vivo as determined by S1 analysis; 3) furthermore, these adenylylation sites are utilized identically in all tissues of the chicken examined; 4) the adenylylation site closest to the body of the message is apparently not used as judged by the S1 conditions employed in the assay. Levels of vimentin mRNA decrease in different tissues of the chicken during the embryonic to adult transition. There is no evidence for a tissue specific or developmentally regulated pattern of expression for either of the two vimentin transcripts. The same pattern of vimentin mRNA expression is seen in all tissues examined, only the level of expression is altered. PMID- 6672768 TI - Stabilization of (dG-dC)n.(dG-dC)n in the Z conformation by a crosslinking reaction. AB - (dG-dC)n.(dG-dC) was converted to the Z conformer by heating in the presence of Mn++n. Reaction of this preparation with the crosslinking reagent, DL diepoxybutane (DEB), stabilized this conformer so that it retained its structure even when returned to conditions that favored reversion to the B conformation. Treatment of the crosslinked Z conformer with periodate caused scission of the crosslink, allowing reversion to the B conformer. Reaction of (dG-dC)n.(dG-dC)n in the B conformation with DEB did not prevent conversion to the Z conformer in 4M NaC1; dialysis of the high salt solution against low ionic strength buffer allowed return to the B conformer. The Z in equilibrium B transitions were followed by circular dichroism studies and immunochemical procedures. The results suggest the feasibility of stabilizing Z sequences of DNA in chromatin by crosslinking, so that they could then be identified after DNA isolation. PMID- 6672770 TI - Daunomycin inhibits the B leads to Z transition in poly d(G-C). AB - The cancer drug daunomycin is an effective inhibitor of the B leads to Z transition in poly d(G-C) in 4 M NaCl. Both the rate and extent of the B leads to Z transition are decreased by the drug, as judged by equilibrium and kinetic studies. Daunomycin can, under some conditions, convert Z form DNA back to B form. Drug binding to poly d(G-C) in 4 M NaCl is slow and highly cooperative, consistent with a role for daunomycin as an allosteric effector on the B leads to Z equilibrium. Since daunomycin binds preferentially to alternating purine pyrimidine sequences, which are the very sequences capable of undergoing the B leads to Z transition, these effects may be an important part of the mechanism by which the drug inhibits transcription and replication. PMID- 6672769 TI - Mass spectrometric monitoring of solid phase phosphate triester synthesis of DNA fragments. AB - A new and convenient pyrolysis mass spectrometric approach for monitoring solid phase phosphate triester synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides in 5'-3' direction has been developed. The base-typical fragment ions produced by pyrolysis at 280 degrees C of the polymer-bound oligonucleotide triesters in the mass spectrometer permit the analytical monitoring of DNA chain growth, using simple mathematical operations. The base composition can be determined directly from the polymer. In addition, minor nucleosides can easily be detected. PMID- 6672771 TI - Characterization of an unusual DNA length polymorphism 5' to the human antithrombin III gene. AB - Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that a DNA length polymorphism 5' to the human antithrombin III gene is due to the presence of 32bp or 108bp nonhomologous nucleotide sequences (variable segments) 345bp upstream from the translation initiation codon. Sequences at the 3' borders of both variable segments can form intrastrand inverted repeat structures with sequences further downstream. An inverted repeat is also found immediately 5' to the site where the variable segments are located. Thus, cruciform structures may form flanking the variable segments of both alleles of this DNA length polymorphism. DNA secondary structure may be detected with single strand specific nucleases. S1 nuclease sensitive sites were mapped in recombinant plasmids containing the cloned alleles of the ATIII length polymorphism. The site most sensitive to S1 is located upstream from the variable segments in an AT-rich segment flanked by 6bp direct repeats. A region of lesser nuclease sensitivity was also observed in the AT-rich loops formed between the inverted repeats 5' to the variable segments. PMID- 6672772 TI - Specific binding of the adenovirus terminal protein precursor-DNA polymerase complex to the origin of DNA replication. AB - Initiation of adenovirus DNA replication is dependent on a complex of the precursor of the terminal protein and the adenovirus-coded DNA polymerase (pTP pol complex). This complex catalyzes the formation of a covalent linkage between dCMP and pTP in the presence of a functional origin of DNA replication residing in the terminal nucleotide sequence of adenovirus DNA. We have purified the pTP pol complex of adenovirus type 5 and studied its binding to double-stranded DNA. Using DNA-cellulose chromatography it could be shown that the pTP-pol complex has a higher affinity for adenovirus DNA than for calf thymus or pBR322 DNA. From the differential binding of the pTP-pol complex to plasmids containing adenovirus terminal sequences with different deletions, it has been concluded that a sequence of 14 nucleotide pairs at positions 9-22 plays a crucial role in the binding of pTP-pol to adenovirus DNA. This region is conserved in the DNA's of all human adenovirus serotypes and is obviously an important structural element of the adenovirus origin of DNA replication. Comparative binding studies with adenovirus DNA polymerase and pTP-pol indicated that pTP is responsible for the binding. The nature of the binding of pTP-pol to the conserved sequence will be discussed. PMID- 6672773 TI - Interaction of diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) with natural and synthetic nucleic acids. AB - The interaction of DAPI with natural and synthetic polydeoxynucleotides of different base content and sequences was studied with circular dichroism, ultracentrifugation, viscosity and calorimetry. All the polymers show two types of binding. The strength of the interaction and its resistance to ionic strength are related to the content of AT clusters in the chain. On the other hand, sedimentation measurements rule out an intercalation mechanism. A model of DAPI interaction with DNA, similar to that displayed by distamycin and netropsin, is proposed. PMID- 6672774 TI - A large inverted repeat sequence overlaps two acceptor splice sites in adenovirus. AB - The distribution of nucleotide sequences resembling functional sites for mRNA splicing was examined by computer-directed searches in order to determine what factors may influence splice site selection in nuclear precursors. In particular, the distribution of large potentially stable hairpin structures or regions of extensive dyad symmetry was studied in adenovirus sequences. One region, spanning 106 nucleotides, was found at 66.4 map units, overlapping back-to-back acceptor sites for two mRNA molecules, those coding for the 100K protein and the 72K DNA binding protein, which are transcribed from opposite strands. This region displays exceptional dyad symmetry and is potentially capable of forming a single, highly stable hairpin when transcribed. It seems likely that the secondary structure as well as the primary structure of RNA plays a role in determining the correct splicing of these mRNA molecules. PMID- 6672776 TI - [Effect of radiotherapy on the number and function of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with grade I cervical cancer. II. Immediate and late effects in relation to the method of treatment and initial number of circulating lymphocytes]. PMID- 6672775 TI - Nuclei purified from cauliflower mosaic virus-infected turnip leaves contain subgenomic, covalently closed circular cauliflower mosaic virus DNAs. AB - Nuclei isolated from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) infected turnip leaves contain subgenomic CaMV DNA species in addition to the genome length CaMV DNA. These subgenomic CaMV DNA species are present as covalently closed circles (form I), relaxed circles (form II) and linear (form III) molecules. The subgenomic form I DNA species range in size from about 10% of genome length to nearly genome length. These subgenomic DNA species appear in tissue infected with cloned CaMV DNA, indicating that they arise rapidly and have not accumulated in the virus population from serial propagation of CaMV. No specific region of the CaMV genome appears to be preferentially deleted to form the subgenomic CaMV DNA species. At least three distinct subgenomic species appear to accumulate preferentially in nuclei isolated from infected tissue. Two of these abundant subgenomic CaMV DNA species are form I and the other one is form III. Some of the subgenomic CaMV DNA species appear to be minichromosomes. PMID- 6672777 TI - [Immunologic response and prognosis in patients with breast cancer. I. Characteristics of tissue reactions in the primary tumor and in regional lymph nodes]. PMID- 6672778 TI - [Estrogen activity and prolactin secretion in menopausal women at high risk of developing breast cancer]. PMID- 6672779 TI - [Usefulness of objective determination of the efficiency of the upper limb for evaluation of the results of rehabilitation after mastectomy]. PMID- 6672780 TI - [Bone changes in plasmacytoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6672781 TI - Primary preventive health care in children with heart disease. AB - In order to evaluate the preventive health care practices in children with heart disease, 499 families were surveyed in outpatient settings. Data were collected on 215 children with heart disease and 284 control children without known chronic illness. There was no significant difference between the groups in the type of primary physician utilized or frequency of visits to the primary care physician. Immunizations were incomplete in 32.7% of the children with heart disease compared to only 2.5% in the control group (P less than 0.0001). Among the children over 3 years of age with heart disease, 29% had not received routine dental care within the past year compared with 23.4% in the controls (P = NS). The parents of children with heart disease were found to pay less money out-of pocket for their child's health care than the parents of control children (P less than 0.0001). The data suggest that important aspects of primary health care were neglected in a large group of children with heart disease and that cost was not a major cause for the inadequate preventive care delivery. An educational program directed at health care professionals and parents is proposed. PMID- 6672782 TI - Reduced left ventricular size and endocardial fibroelastosis as correlates of mortality in newborns and young infants with severe aortic valve stenosis. AB - 30 patients with severe aortic valve stenosis presented in severe congestive heart failure within the first 2 months of life. In 25 of them, left ventricular volume and contractility were assessed; five of them had a left ventricle of normal size, in 11 left ventricular size was diminished, and in nine patients it was enlarged. Eleven of the infants had extensive endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) evidenced angiographically by myocardial sinusoids in ten of them and established at autopsy in six. The presence of EFE correlated with the size of the left ventricle; eight of 11 with a small left ventricle, two of five with a normal-sized left ventricle, and one of nine with an enlarged left ventricle displayed EFE. The severe depression of left ventricular function associated with EFE was documented by left ventricular volume determinations on exclusion of the myocardial sinusoids. Of 30 patients, 12 (including eight of 26 who underwent surgery) did not survive. Mortality, severity, and early onset of symptoms were associated mainly with small size of the left ventricle and with the severe left ventricular dysfunction associated with EFE. PMID- 6672783 TI - Univentricular atrioventricular connection: the single ventricle trap unsprung. PMID- 6672784 TI - Contracted form of endocardial fibroelastosis: angiographic diagnosis and necropsy confirmation. PMID- 6672785 TI - Serial two-dimensional echocardiography for detection of coarctation of the aorta in the postnatal period. AB - We describe the ultrasound appearance of postnatal development of an angiographically proven coarctation of the aorta in a full-term infant. The diagnosis of a discrete coarctation was subsequently supported on a repeat two dimensional echocardiogram, after an initial clinical and two-dimensional study at 6 h of age that had revealed only minimal juxtaductal aortic deformity. We stress the importance of two-dimensional echocardiography as a reliable noninvasive method for detecting the change in aortic contour occurring with ductal closure in infants with predisposing aortic anatomy who will go on to develop coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 6672786 TI - A rare form of isolated interrupted aortic arch: the value of two-dimensional echocardiography in the precatheterization evaluation. AB - Preoperative evaluation of a 12-year-old girl, previously diagnosed as having a coarctation of the aorta, revealed a rare form of isolated interruption of the aortic arch. Two-dimensional echocardiography played an important role in the delineation of the defect and significantly reduced the need for invasive techniques. It helped to anticipate problems in reaching left-sided structures at cardiac catheterization, saving time and unnecessary trauma. This technique also ruled out associated intracardiac anomalies that were not detailed at cardiac catheterization. PMID- 6672787 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. AB - We present a case of tetralogy of Fallot associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous return, with successful surgical correction. This association presents problems as regards surgical indications and technique. PMID- 6672788 TI - Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage associated with tetralogy of Fallot: report of a case. AB - The association of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and Tetralogy of Fallot is a rare occurrence; only six cases have been reported and only in one of these was the pulmonary drainage by the infracardiac route. A further such case is reported in a girl twin, with cleft palate and umbilical hernia and a normal spleen, who died at the age of three weeks and the clinical and post mortem features are described. The masking effect of the pulmonary outflow stenosis on pulmonary venous obstruction is discussed together with the relevance to clinical diagnosis and surgical intervention as "palliative" surgery may be dangerous. PMID- 6672789 TI - Pulmonary vascular disease in transposition of the great arteries and "protected" lungs. PMID- 6672790 TI - MSH peptides are present in mammalian skin. AB - Immunoreactive alpha-MSH was found in human skin and the skin of numerous other mammals. After hypophysectomy the concentration of alpha-MSH in rat skin showed little change suggesting that the pituitary is not the source of this MSH. In human skin the highest concentration was found in the epidermis and HPLC revealed four peaks of immunoreactive alpha-MSH. Two of these co-eluted with mono- and des acetyl alpha-MSH standards. An earlier peak probably represented an oxidized MSH and a later running peak, diacetylated alpha-MSH. Although no differences were found in alpha-MSH content of skin from albino and pigmented rats or between involved and non-involved epidermis of patients with vitiligo, its predominance in human epidermis could suggest a relationship with the melanocyte or its melanin. Whether alpha-MSH in the skin has any pigmentary significance or any other role has yet to be established. PMID- 6672791 TI - Renal function and pituitary hormone release during cerebral osmostimulation and TRH in dogs. AB - The effects of increases in serum osmolality on renal function and plasma levels of radioimmunoassayable prolactin (PRL) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were examined during intracarotid (IC) infusions of hypertonic NaCl in conscious dogs with a sustained water diuresis (SWD). A 10 minute bilateral IC infusion of 45 mumole/kg X min X artery of NaCl during SWD which raised jugular osmolality by 10.1 mOsm/kg, without significantly altering peripheral venous osmolality, produced a significant decrease in free water clearance (CH2O) at 20 to 40 minutes postinfusion. IC infusions of 0.9% NaCl did not produce an antidiuretic response. No change in heart rate or blood pressure from preinfusion control values occurred during NaCl infusions. Elevations in cerebral osmolality did not result in changes in circulating levels of LH or PRL which qualitatively differed from levels of these hormones recorded during IC infusions of 0.9% NaCl. Although fluctuations in levels of LH occurred during experiments, renal function was not concomitantly affected. The results suggest that a specificity exists in the hormonal response to selective elevations of cerebral osmolality. The administration of TRH 3.8-4.2 micrograms/kg produced a transient increase in blood pressure and inhibited a water diuresis, the latter possibly as a result of releasing antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 6672792 TI - Changes in circadian rhythms of thermoregulation and motor activity in rats as a function of aging: effects of d-amphetamine and alpha-MSH. AB - Thermoregulatory and motor activity circadian cycles are age-dependent. While the level of thermoregulation and motor activity remained almost at the same level during the first 1-15 months during the light portion of the 24-hr cycle, a significant decrease in the level of both rhythms was observed during the dark period. Therefore, older rats exhibited reversed cycles compared with younger rats. Treatments with d-amphetamine resulted in the enhancement of reversal of the cycles. Rats treated with alpha-MSH failed to exhibit a reversal of the cycles. While the effects of d-amphetamine are mediated by the brain DA mesolimbic pathway, it seems that alpha-MSH acts on the dopaminergic system at different sites of action. PMID- 6672793 TI - Evidence for the presence of immunoreactive histidyl-proline diketopiperazine [cyclo (His-Pro)] in the adult human brain. AB - The current study was undertaken to evaluate the presence of cyclo (His-Pro) in adult human brain tissues obtained at autopsy. We found evidence for immunoreactive cyclo (His-Pro), which diluted in parallel to the radioimmunoassay standard curve and which had mobility on HPLC that was similar to synthetic cyclo (His-Pro), in several regions of the adult human brain. Whereas the levels of cyclo (His-Pro) in the pituitary stalk-median eminence were high (2.2 ng/mg protein), the concentrations in the whole hypothalamus were much lower (0.105 ng/mg protein). Among the extrahypothalamic brain regions examined, the levels of cyclo (His-Pro) were highest in the cerebellar hemisphere (0.168 ng/mg protein) and olfactory bulbs (0.180 ng/mg protein) and were lowest in the hippocampus (0.080 ng/mg protein) and occipital cortex (0.079 ng/mg protein). Thus, immunoreactive cyclo (His-Pro) has widespread distribution in the adult human brain and the potential exists for this cyclic diepeptide to play a role in human brain function. PMID- 6672794 TI - Bovine intermediate pituitary alpha-amidation enzyme: preliminary characterization. AB - A secretory granule-associated enzymatic activity that converts mono-[125I]-D-Tyr Val-Gly into mono-[125I]-D-Tyr-Val-NH2 has been studied. The activity is primarily soluble and shows optimal activity at pH 7 to pH 8. Amidation activity was stimulated 9-fold by addition of optimal amounts of copper (3 microM). In the presence of optimal copper, ascorbate stimulated the reaction 7-fold; none of the other reduced or oxidized cofactors tested was as effective. Taking into account the dependence of the reaction on ascorbate and molecular oxygen and the production of glyoxylate [2], it is suggested that the alpha-amidation enzyme is a monooxygenase. Lineweaver Burk plots with D-Tyr-Val-Gly as the varied substrate demonstrated Michelis-Menten type kinetics with the values of Km and Vmax increasing with the addition of ascorbate to the assay. A variety of peptides ending with a COOH-terminal Gly residue act as inhibitors of the reaction. Two synthetic peptides, gamma 2MSH and ACTH(1-14), with carboxyl termini similar to the presumed physiological substrates for the enzyme, act as competitive inhibitors with similar K1 values. It is likely that this secretory granule alpha amidation activity is involved in the physiological biosynthetic alpha-amidation of a wide range of bioactive peptides. PMID- 6672795 TI - In vivo release of dopamine during perfusion of neurotensin in substantia nigra of the unrestrained rat. AB - The functional effect of neurotensin on the kinetics of dopamine (DA) release in the substantia nigra of the freely moving rat was investigated. After guide tubes for push-pull perfusion were implanted stereotaxically just above the substantia nigra, endogenous stores of DA in this structure were labelled by micro-injection of 0.02-0.05 microCi of [14C]-DA. Then an artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was perfused within the site at a rate of 20 microliters/min at successive 5 min intervals. Neurotensin added to the CSF perfusate in concentrations of 0.05-0.1 microgram/microliter evoked an immediate, Ca++ dependent release of DA from sites directly within the substantia nigra or a delayed efflux when the peptide was perfused at the edge of this structure. Neurotensin failed to affect the pattern of release of this monoamine at sites which were not within the substantia nigra. Further, the body temperature of the rat also was not altered by neurotensin at any of the sites of perfusions. A relatively inactive analogue of the peptide, [D Arg]9 neurotensin, was essentially without effect on DA activity. In double isotope experiments in which the substantia nigra of the rat was labelled with both [3H]-5-HT and [14C]-DA, the perfusion with neurotensin failed to affect 5-HT efflux while the release of DA was enhanced. Chromatographic analysis of the metabolites of DA in samples of push-pull perfusates revealed that neurotensin enhanced significantly the level of DOPAC and HVA. Overall, these results demonstrate that in the unrestrained rat neurotensin acts selectively within the substantia nigra to alter the presynaptic, Ca++ dependent release of DA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6672797 TI - [The human Y chromosome]. PMID- 6672796 TI - Methionine-enkephalin facilitates the cardiovascular response to epinephrine in the conscious dog. AB - Methionine-enkephalin (ME) is present in high concentrations in the adrenal medulla; it is co-stored with catecholamines in chromaffin vesicles, and released together with catecholamines during adrenal stimulation. We have examined the interactions of intravenously administered bolus doses of ME and epinephrine (EPI) in the conscious dog. EPI, 1.0 microgram/kg, increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 104 +/- 6 to 130 +/- 11 mm Hg, while reflexly reducing heart rate(HR) from 103 +/- 13 to 83 +/- 13 beats/min (bpm). ME, 5.0 micrograms/kg, increased MAP from 106 +/- 7 to 122 +/- 7 mm Hg and increased HR from 111 +/- 12 to 139 +/- 14 bpm. EPI and ME administered together increased MAP in apparently additive fashion from 106 +/- 6 to 153 +/- 12 mm Hg, and also increased HR from 102 +/- 10 to 114 +/- 17 bpm. ME, 1.0 microgram/kg, exerted a similar effect. Thus, in these concentrations, ME exerts a co-operative influence upon the EPI cardiovascular response in the conscious, neurologically intact dog, probably by inhibiting baroreceptor reflexes. These findings suggest a possible role for ENK as an excitatory stress hormone. PMID- 6672798 TI - [Sister chromatid exchange in children with malignant tumors]. PMID- 6672799 TI - [Results of the cytogenetic examination of 2278 newborn infants in Lodz]. PMID- 6672800 TI - [Erythrocyte glucosephosphate dehydrogenase deficiency as a factor in a drug induced hemolytic crisis in a patient of Asiatic origin]. PMID- 6672801 TI - [The self-education aspects of a physician's activity]. PMID- 6672802 TI - [Complications of induced abortion--personal observations]. PMID- 6672803 TI - [Hormonal activity in women after hysterectomy and castration before and after balneological therapy]. PMID- 6672804 TI - [Compounds of low and medium molecular weight in the blood ultrafiltrate of patients with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 6672805 TI - [Procainamide in renal failure]. PMID- 6672806 TI - [Congestive loop syndrome after 3 cesarean sections]. PMID- 6672807 TI - [Periapical abscess as a cause of disseminated intravascular coagulation and hematuria]. PMID- 6672808 TI - Demonstration of intracellular and secreted forms of large human chorionic gonadotrophin alpha subunit in cultures of normal placental tissue. AB - Free human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) alpha-subunit in tissue extracts and incubation media of normal placentae before and after four days of culture was investigated by Sephadex G-100 chromatography. Prior to incubation, tissue extracts of first-trimester and term placentae contained a large form and a small form of alpha-subunit relative to a reference urinary hCG alpha-subunit preparation. The large alpha-subunit comprised 30.6 +/- 1.4 per cent s.e.m. and the small alpha-subunit, 66.9 +/- 4.1 per cent of total intracellular alpha subunit. After 96 h of incubation, the large alpha-subunit comprised 77.6 +/- 9.8 per cent of the total intracellular alpha-subunit, and the small 21.0 +/- 8.1 per cent. The incubation medium contained a single form of alpha-subunit which eluted with a larger apparent molecular weight than the urinary hCG alpha-subunit. Following neuraminidase treatment, the large alpha-subunit from tissue extracts eluted as a smaller molecule in the position of the urinary hCG alpha reference. A change in Ve/Vo of the small alpha-subunit was not detected. Identical neuraminidase treatment of the large alpha-subunit from incubation medium resulted in an increase in the Ve/Vo, but the large alpha-subunit continued to elute from Sephadex G-100 before the urinary hCG alpha-subunit. However, large alpha-subunit from culture medium did elute in the position of urinary hCG alpha following mild acid hydrolysis. These studies demonstrate that a large form of alpha-subunit is present in first-trimester and term placental tissue both before and after incubation in vitro and that the large form of alpha-subunit is secreted by the normal placenta. The differential effects of neuraminidase treatment on the intra- and extracellular forms of large alpha-subunit coupled with our findings from acid hydrolysis of the extracellular form suggest that alpha-subunit secreted into the culture medium may contain additional carbohydrate residues not present on the intracellular form. PMID- 6672809 TI - Fetomaternal blood group incompatibility studies in placental intervillous thrombosis. AB - Samples of maternal and fetal blood from 32 cases of placental intervillous thrombosis have been analysed for blood group incompatibility and compared to a control group of 21 cases. No overall link has been demonstrated between intervillous thrombosis and ABO incompatibility. Red cell antibody reactions of all types probably account for only a small proportion of thrombi and it is suggested that the principle mechanism may be a thromboplastin release from the damaged vasculo-syncytial membrane, causing a coagulation of the mixed maternal and fetal cells. PMID- 6672810 TI - A function of the allantoic sac in the metabolism of uteroferrin and maternal iron by the fetal pig. AB - The possible roles of the allantoic sac in metabolism of uteroferrin, the iron containing, purple phosphatase, were examined. This protein, which originates in the maternal endometrium, was measured in allantoic fluid by a specific double antibody radioimmunoassay and by its beta-mercaptoethanol-activated acid phosphatase activity. Total uteroferrin reaches a maximum between days 60 and 75 of pregnancy, when it constitutes up to one-third of the total protein, and then declines towards term. Fluid volume, total protein and total iron also reach a maximum around day 60. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis was employed to identify proteins in allantoic fluid. Of the proteins detected, at least three basic and two acidic polypeptides are also characteristic of maternal uterine secretions. The remaining proteins appeared identical to those found in fetal serum and included transferrin, albumin and alpha-fetoprotein. Although uteroferrin acid phosphatase activity is stable when incubated in buffer, the enzyme loses activity in sterile allantoic fluid collected at all stages of pregnancy. Experiments with 59Fe-uteroferrin have shown that allantoic fluid promotes iron loss from uteroferrin and that the metal appears in transferrin. Thus the allantoic sac may serve not only as a depot for uteroferrin accumulation but as a site of active iron metabolism. PMID- 6672811 TI - A survey of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in human placental homogenates. AB - The mono-oxygenase activity in vitro towards 7-ethoxyresorufin (ERR) and 2,5 diphenyloxazole (PPO) was studied in 108 human placental homogenates obtained from mothers who were either smokers (61), non-smokers (44), or epileptics (3). With both substrates the average placental AHH level among smokers was 50 to 60 times greater than the average level in nonsmokers. Some association was found between levels of placental AHH activity and the number of cigarettes smoked per day by the woman concerned: PPO, r = 0.42, P less than 0.01; ERR, r = 0.39, P less than 0.01. In smokers, placental PPO hydroxylase and ERR O-deethylase activities were highly significantly correlated (r = 0.96, P less than 0.001). In non-smokers the low average levels of AHH activity obtained using both substrates were found to be significantly non-zero: PPO, P less than 0.01; ERR, P less than 0.001. No correlation was found, in either smokers or non-smokers, between placental AHH activity and parameters such as age, body weight, diet (including consumption of tea, coffee and alcohol), number of previous pregnancies or placental and baby birth weights. Women who continued smoking during pregnancy but at a reduced rate still maintained fairly high levels of AHH activity. Administration of carbamazepine appeared to cause some enhancement of placental AHH activity. Phenytoin administration, however, had no apparent effect on the level of enzyme activity. PMID- 6672812 TI - Fetal circulation of the placenta: a comparative study of human and baboon placenta by scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts. AB - This study was undertaken to compare the ultrastructural appearance of the fetal microvasculature of the baboon and human placenta by the latex injection corrosion-cast technique. The general pattern of distribution of blood vessels in the placenta and the microvasculature were examined primarily by scanning electron microscopy using single and double latex (Cementex) injections of the placentae. The results of these latex injections of the baboon placenta demonstrate that (1) all the fetal arterial vessels of the baboon placenta at about three-quarters of the gestation period have a characteristic tortuosity while the venous vessels have a straight appearance, with no distinct coiling, (2) the arterial vessels exhibit a rough surface contour, (3) on the venous side the wide-calibre vessels are fairly straight and exhibit a smooth luminal surface contour, and (4) the capillary network on the arterial side is dense and highly convoluted, while on the venous side the capillary network is less tortuous. Moreover, no arterial-venous anastomosis was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The main findings based on observations of the SEM appearance of the human placental casts at three-quarter gestation and at term include the following: (1) the arterial vessels do not exhibit a marked tortuosity but do retain a rough surface contour, (2) stem vessels appear to branch at a horizontal plane before dividing into numerous smaller branches, (3) the venous side has straight, wide-calibre vessels with smooth surface contour, and (4) the capillary bed is densely tortuous on the arterial side and less tortuous on the venous side. PMID- 6672813 TI - Frequency and localization of binucleate cells in the placentomes of ruminants. AB - Throughout most of normal pregnancy 15 to 20 per cent of the cells of the trophectodermal epithelium of the cow, deer, goat and sheep placentomes were found to be binucleate when a counting technique suitable for electron microscopy was used. Of this binucleate cell population about one-fifth were discovered to be migrating up to and across the microvillar junction at all stages of pregnancy. This migration appears to serve at least two functions: the transfer of the characteristic granules of the fetal binucleate cell to the maternal circulation; and the formation of the placentomal syncytium bounding the maternal connective tissue in sheep and goat. PMID- 6672814 TI - [Current trends in improving the accuracy of indicator tubes]. AB - The accuracy of the determinations made by the indicator tubes is constantly improved by the introduction of accurate dosage apparatuses for their calibration and due to the methods and criteria for the control of their quality. Modern dosage apparatuses for calibration were designed at RIHOD, reading the effect of air humidity and some other obstructive substances. A mathematical model was obtained, via a statistical way, of air humidity effect on the indices of some kinds indicator tubes for chlorine, hydrogen chloride, sulphur dioxide, etc. Correction coefficients were introduced reading air humidity effect, in this way guaranteeing the error of the determination not to exceed the allowable error, internationally accepted, of +/- 25%. In fact, the results obtained for the error were between 8 and 15% within the whole range of air relative humidities. With the accuracy attained some indicator tubes compete with the classical and apparatus methods for sanitary-chemical control of the air in the working environment. PMID- 6672815 TI - [Relation between population morbidity and atmospheric pollution in several industrial regions of the country]. AB - Population morbidity rate was studied in some regions of chemical industry, petro chemical and metallurgical industry as well as in some big towns of the country according to the data on the appeals for medical aid for a 7-year long period (1972-1978). A correlation was established between the type and degree of atmospheric pollution in the polluted regions and morbidity rate, according to nozological entities, both among infant and adult population. PMID- 6672816 TI - [Toxicologic characteristics of several pesticides and standards for them in water]. AB - The progressive increase of production and application of chemicals for plant protection transmuted the problem of protection of water cleanliness into an international and national problem. The cases with incidental pesticide pollution of water-reservoirs became more numerous. A necessity arose of the supplement of our sanitary legislation with hygienic standards (MAC) for the water for the newly implemented chemicals for plant protection in the country. During the last several years, some of the most frequently used and formulated in our country pesticides were experimentally studied: Afalon and Patoran (from chemical group of carbamates and dithiocarbamates) and amide herbicide: Dimid, Ramrod, Lasso, Treflan. Complex hygienic-toxicological studies were carried out in order to study the toxicological effect of the pesticides mentioned and to elaborate hygienic norms (MAC) of the same in the water. The effect on the organoleptic qualities of water was determined as well as on the sanitary regime of waterreservoirs (according to BON5, sanitary-indictory microflora and toxicity for fishes). Toxicological studies were performed under the conditions of acute, subacute and chronic experiment. The results obtained allowed the hygienic toxicological characteristics and the proposal of hygienic standards (MAC) for the pesticides studied in water. PMID- 6672817 TI - [Effect of several microelements contained in drinking water on the development of atherosclerosis]. AB - During his whole life man drinks water - about 2 litres in 24 hours for an adult in the countries with moderate climate. Usually, drinking water contains many microelements. Their type and concentration depend mainly on the geochemical characteristic of the earth layers. The pollution of waters by industrial enterprises has, very likely, an effect on the content of microelements. According to literature data, in epidemiological studies information was collected, providing grounds to admit that some microelements have an effect ion atherosclerosis advancement. The results obtained are not convincing enough to judge if a casual relationship exists between the microelements in the drinking water and atherosclerosis advancement. In order to supplement the existing studies, the authors carried out investigations to elucidate the role of some microelement in the progress of experimental atherosclerosis. The results obtained provided grounds to claim that the microelements chromium, zinc, lead, cadmium, vanadium stimulate or restrict the advancement of experimental atherosclerosis. PMID- 6672818 TI - [Stress reaction to work today]. AB - The characteristic of stress factors at work and their effect upon humans is of great significance in labour optimization, detection of early changes in organism, assessment of the operative MAC and MAN, standardization and categorization of labour, etc. On the base of such studies (biochemical, physiological and psychophysiological) stress and fatigue in various occupations and working regimes are characterized. The results from the studies on stress reactions at work are presented in a summarized way, making use of complex methodical approach. PMID- 6672819 TI - [Several current hygienic problems in residential and recreational environments- results of studies during the 7th five-year-plan]. AB - Dwelling and rest - two of the basic elements of life activity, draw now-a-days the attention of state, political, economic and scientific bodies and organizations in our country. The care of man in our society is expressed in such a formation and protection of the environment that could guarantee adequate conditions for dwelling and rest at present and in the future. The hygienic problems, associated with that type activity, include planning and construction of new settlement systems studies on the deleterious and favourable physical factors (noise, vibration, electromagnetic fields, natural solar radiation), mode of construction, equipment and exploitation of residential and administrative buildings. They are the object of the present paper, which presents, in a summarized way, the experience of the research work at the laboratory "Physical factors of the environment, planning and construction in settlements", at the RIHOD, carried out during the seventh 5-year period. Some results are presented that have an essential share in the new approach to the hygienic standardization and regulation of the qualities of the environment for dwelling and rest. PMID- 6672820 TI - [Hygienic aspects of youth work brigades]. AB - A comprehensive inquiry study was carried out on living conditions, labour and regime in youth brigades. Furthermore, a complex hygienic-physiological assessment was made of the work of the students gone on agricultural brigades on the base of studies on the changes in the cardiovascular system, energy expenditure, nervous-muscular and thermoregulatory apparatuses, as well as on the functional activity of sympathico-adrenal system. The work, done by the students members of the brigades, is qualified as moderately heavy, and as heavy only in some labour operations. Regardless of the relatively heavy and intensive work, the students are not overtired, because the duration of the working time is shortened on account of the rests, made at their desire. Recommendations are presented for the improvement both of the conditions in brigade camps and organization of labour regime. PMID- 6672821 TI - [Intensification and effectiveness of scientific research in hygiene (several problems of information supply)]. AB - The nature of the concept "intensification" and the notions effect and effectiveness, associated with it are discussed. The nature of the separate kinds effect, obtained in hygienic science are determined - primary (health) and secondary (derivative). Effectiveness is determined on that base - as juxtaposition of the kinds of effects obtained with the resources spent in the field of hygienic science. Studies were carried out on the increased intensity of utilization of information resources as factor for the improvement of effectiveness in hygienic science. The place and role of information - retrieval systems are determined. Numerous concrete information systems are discussed as well as some of the factors in the evaluation of their effectiveness. PMID- 6672822 TI - [Current methods in automated statistical analysis]. AB - The advantages and disadvantages of the so called minicomputers (e.g. type NOVA) and microcomputers (e.g. type NR 95) are compared in their use for statistical analysis. In spite of some advantages - autonomy, possibilities for immediate use, etc. of microcomputers, the minicomputers, type NOVA, were established to enable the elimination of their non-specific work for the non-mathematical specialists, their direction to the most proper and complexly applied statistical method in the organized statistical processing, existing at the Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, hence the expenditures would be lower and reability - higher. PMID- 6672823 TI - [Visual fatigue during work associated with increased visual loading]. AB - Visual perception is an important factor of human activity. The quality of production activity of the worker depends on its accuracy and speed. Representative groups of workers with various occupational activities, associated with considerable loading of visual system, were systematically examined by clinical and functional methods in the course of several years. A total of 765 subjects were examined, aged from 20 to 55 and a length of service from I to 25 years. The results reveal considerable alterations in visual system within one working day. The most general features of those alterations are as follows: elevation of the threshold of electric sensitivity towards the end of the working day, reduction of light-distinguishing and colour distinguishing sensitivity, the closest point of clear vision is removed father, unproper ergogram with an ascending course, reduction of fusion ability towards the end of the working day, etc. A great part of the subjects over the age of 40, were established to have uncorrected presbyopia, leading to high strain of accommodation and convergation, followed by visual fatigue. The adaptation of visual system to labour conditions is the best at the age range 25-35. The alterations in the visual function are far better manifested in the age group over 40. The determination of fatigue degree and the time of developing of the first alterations is of particular significance for the introduction of additional rest for rehabilitation. PMID- 6672824 TI - [Physical condition and work capacity of Vietnamese workers in the People's Republic of Bulgaria]. AB - The expansion of integration processes on economics between P.R. of Bulgaria and S.R. of Vietnam during the eight 5-year plan period and the increased number of Vietnamese workers in Bulgaria determine the actuality and significance of the problem of the studies on their physical state and working capacity. One hundred sixty newly-come Vietnamese workers, aged between 20 and 35 were examined as well as 89 subjects, working as miners in Madan mines, with three years average length or service and average age 20-30. The following indices were used in the determination of the physical state and working capacity: height, body weight, chest measurements, vital capacity, muscular strength and hand muscular strength, time of simple and complicated visual-motor reaction. The results revealed that the group of workers, with a 3-year stay in Bulgaria, had statistically significant, higher values of the majority of the indices as compared with those of the newly-come Vietnamese. The Vietnamese workers manifested lower values of the indices for physical development (with 5 to 25%) as compared with the Bulgarians, the difference being considerably smaller in the miners' group. The future longitudinal studies on the physical state and working capacity of the Vietnamese workers will be the grounds for the elaboration of norms for physical loading, weight lifting, etc. PMID- 6672825 TI - [Combined effect of physical factors in the work environment]. AB - Usually several noxious physical factors of the environment are established under working conditions. The literature data suggest the possible synergetic effect of some of those factors. No criteria exist so far for the prognostication of the effect from the combined activity of the physical factors. All norm documents are based on the data from their isolated effect. Many studies on the combined effect of the most frequently found unfavourably acting physical factors were carried out during the last several years: vibration and noise, local vibration and cooling microclimate, noise and high air temperature, and recently--radiofrequent electromagnetic fields and noise. The alterations in organism were followed up, both under laboratory conditions and at-work experiments, by physiological (peripheral vascular tone, skin thermometry, vibrosensitivity, audiometry, peripheral vision) and by some immunological indices. Some data are presented in the paper, outlining the character of the combined effect of two or more on-the job physical factors, some mechanisms of affection as well as recommendations for their complex assessment. PMID- 6672826 TI - [Current methodologic approaches to the study of various delayed effects of pesticides]. AB - Studies on the possibilities of origination of remote sequelae (embryotoxic and teratogenic, gonadotropic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, alterations in cardiovascular system, etc) under the effect of the wide application of pesticides in the practice is one of the most important aspects of the present-day toxicology. Numerous of our studies in that field are directed to the pesticides, to fungicides in particular, the greater part of them being with mechanisms of biological activity, triggering changes in DNA synthesis and disturbances in cellular respiration. The results from our experimental studies are presented in the communication, with an aspect of alterations in the gonads, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity, of representatives of various groups of chemical preparations for plant protection. The eventual use of those data in the prognosis of potential risk for humans is discussed. Model conditions are proposed for a more thorough assessment and more accurate determination of threshold levels of effect with a view to their utilization in hygienic standardization. PMID- 6672827 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the livers of white rats after 3-months' exposure to DDT]. AB - Wistar male albino rats, with a body weight 100 +/- 200 g were treated with 1/15 LD50 daily dose of 12 mg/kg body weight of DDT in the course of 30 days (group II), 60 days (group III), 90 days (group IV) and control (not-treated) animals (group I). Histological, histochemical and electron-microscopic studies were carried out. Most pronounced proved to be the changes in the hepatic cells on the 60th experimental day. The granular endoplasmatic reticulum, mitochondria and lysosomes were mainly affected. Data about a moderately manifested fatty degeneration were established. The findings described on the 60th day, however, were not aggravated with the further treatment--90th day, suggesting a relative light injury of the rat liver by the toxic effects mentioned. PMID- 6672828 TI - [Cutaneous resorption of actellic (O,2-diethylamino-6-methyl pyrimidin-4-yl-O,O dimethyl phosphorothioate) in the presence of high temperature and humidity]. AB - Studies were carried out on the combined effect of high relative humidity and temperature on stability and dynamics of skin actelic resorption. Actelic resorption with skin application was established to be uneven. The initial resorption of the substance by the skin, was followed by its increased concentration on skin surface, and a further decrease and maintenance with a general tendency to decrease of the concentration. Humidity accelerated resorption, whereas with the combination of high temperature and high relative humidity--an reverse tendency was observed. PMID- 6672830 TI - [Industrial hygiene studies in the production of various fibers and plastics]. AB - The results from the labour-hygienic and clinical laboratory studies on working environment and workers engaged in production of polyamide (PAS) and polyacrylnitrile fibres (PAN) are summed up as well as in the production and processing of polyvinylchloride resin, polyurethan, polysterene and glass fibre laminates. The main deleterious factors in those productions are the chemical ones: caprolactam, acrylonitrile,tolyl diisocyanate, vinylchloride, styrene, etc. Noise and microclimate are the other unfavourable on-the-job factors. The concentrations of the toxic substances in the air of the working environment are pointed to be far over MAC, in spite of the new plants. Experiments are reported aiming at the determination of the real exposure of the workers - via individual sample collecting and elaboration of BMAC. The measures for the improvement of the conditions of the working environment in the production of synthetic fibres and plastics are summed up as well as the reduction of occupation risk of the workers. PMID- 6672829 TI - [Significance of mixed function oxidases for evaluation of the harmful effects of chemicals on exposed persons]. AB - The significance of the mixed function oxidases (MFO) for hygienic toxicology is determined by the exceptional role of that enzyme system in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. On the other hand, the changes in MFO activity are some of the basic mechanisms in organism adaptation to repeated toxic exposures. An original method is elaborated for the assessment of MFO activity, used in the examinations of workers, exposed to carbon sulphide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organic solvents, vinylchloride and styrene. Representative groups from the population, that live in a region with strongly polluted atmospheric air were studied. The results obtained reveal that the alterations in MFO activity are an early manifestation of compensatory strain of adaptive mechanisms of organisms and could be used in the diagnosis of premorbid states with chemical etiology, in checking the conformity of MAC in force, for the purposes of vocational selection, etc. The method is easy to perform and could be used for the purposes of therapeutic-diagnostic activity in some other medical specialties: gastroenterology, infectious diseases, etc. PMID- 6672831 TI - [Role of hygienic science in controlling overall and occupational morbidity]. AB - Hygiene as a science of man still faces some responsible tasks. Their solution requires the provision of broad, constructive complexity between the separate hygienic branches with constant increase of hygienic knowledge and expansion of the potentialities for scientific-practical implementation. However, at the present stage, the creative application of the hygienic-prophylactic approach is necessary, as well as of the clinical sciences and their introduction into the elaboration of measures for morbidity rate reduction (morbidity rate with temporary incapacity for work including). The complex research work of MA in collaboration with the health organs of MC "Kremikovzi", etc. could serve as good examples. A decisive precondition, in the campaign against the occupational diseases, is the determination of the actual number and dynamically changed structure in occupational pathology, as well as their incomplete registration. The present and future prospective tasks of hygienic science are determined of the base of the analysis of the conditions of life, work and training under socialist reconstruction of our economy. PMID- 6672832 TI - [Neurovegetative reactivity among female workers systematically locally exposed to cold and overexertion]. AB - Workers from different occupations associated with cooling of the upper extremities are exposed to chronic local cold effect in their daily work. The objects of the present study were 45 females, engaged in packing of cooled fruits and vegetables, stored in freezing chambers. The following methods were used aiming at the studies on the neurovegetative reactivity and the task proceeding from it in objectivization of the neurovegetative disturbances of the upper extremities: directed neurologic and autonomic anamnesis, routine neurological state, clinical-functional autonomic tests and methods. Anamnestically, complaints were established in 97.78 per cent from all the examined, the majority of them objectivizing the neurovegetative angiodystonic disturbances of the upper extremities with a difference, statistically significant, versus the control group (p less than 0.05.0%). Those alterations could be interpreted in connection with the factors of the working environment - chronic local cold effect and overstrain of the upper extremities. PMID- 6672833 TI - On the moments used in the extraction of teeth and their acting times. Strain gauge measurements of rocking and twisting moments in connection with the extraction of teeth, including observations on the lengths of their acting times. PMID- 6672834 TI - Abnormal functional development of the heart, lungs, and kidneys. Approaches to functional teratology. Proceedings of a conference, Asheville, North Carolina, May 11-13, 1983. PMID- 6672835 TI - Effects of prenatal nitrofen exposure on postnatal lung function in the rat. AB - The herbicide Nitrofen was administered by gavage to pregnant F-344 rats during Days 10 through 13 of gestation. Postnatal lung function was measured in male progeny at 3 and 6 weeks of age. There were no differences in body weight or wet and dry lung weights between control and Nitrofen-exposed rats in either age group. Nitrofen produced no observable effects on lung function at 3 weeks of age. However, by 6 weeks of age the Nitrofen-exposed animals had significant decreases in tidal volume (p less than 0.01), vital capacity (p less than 0.01), total lung capacity (p less than 0.05), and quasi-static lung compliance (p less than 0.01). There was also a mild ventilation inhomogeneity, as indicated by significant increases in the nitrogen washout slope (p less than 0.01) and the moment ratio (p less than 0.05). Histopathology of lung, liver, kidney, and testes was not significantly altered by Nitrofen exposure. These data suggest that prenatal Nitrofen exposure may have an effect on postnatal lung maturation in the rat and could potentially be useful as a model of pulmonary hypoplasia. PMID- 6672836 TI - Experimental intrauterine fetal growth retardation in the rat: effect of a single dose of hydroxyurea or cycloheximide on the fetus at term. PMID- 6672837 TI - Electrocardiographic studies of developing rodents exposed in utero to trypan blue. AB - Techniques, based on computer-assisted analyses of ensembled ECG waveforms, have been developed in this laboratory to serve as a screening procedure for potentially cardiotoxic substances. This procedure was tested on fetal and neonatal rats exposed in utero to two levels of trypan blue, a known cardiovascular teratogen. The offspring of the treated animals exhibited decreased viability, as well as significant levels of both cardiac and noncardiac malformations. Qualitative assessment of ECG irregularities demonstrated an increased number of abnormalities in the treated groups. Correlations were also obtained between observed morphological defects and ECG irregularities in the trypan blue treated groups. PMID- 6672838 TI - Cardiotoxicity of perinatal lead exposure. PMID- 6672839 TI - Normal organogenesis of the human kidney. PMID- 6672840 TI - Detection of renal dysfunction in neonatal rats: methodologies and applications. PMID- 6672841 TI - Assessment of the utility of postnatal testing following prenatal exposure to forty chemicals. PMID- 6672842 TI - Effect of indomethacin on rats with Grollman hypertension. AB - Grollman hypertension was produced in 15 Sprague-Dawley rats, and chronic 46-week hypertension was observed in these rats. Weekly subcutaneous injections of 1.44 mg indomethacin resulted in significant reduction of the systolic blood pressure 1 h after the injection (p less than 0.001). There was no change in the blood pressure following treatment with indomethacin in the 6 normotensive control rats. Light microscopic examinations revealed that adrenal and cardiac tissues were free of serious toxic indomethacin effects. Liver tissue examination showed slight degenerative changes in the indomethacin-treated animals. PMID- 6672843 TI - Sodium reabsorption during intrarenal diazoxide infusion in the dog. AB - Infusion of diazoxide, a potent benzothiazide antihypertensive, into the renal artery results in diuresis and natriuresis. The site within the nephron of decreased reabsorption has been controversial. Thus free flow recollection micropuncture studies of the superficial proximal tubule of the dog were undertaken to determine if diazoxide decreased sodium reabsorption from this part of the nephron. Renal blood flow, monitored by an electromagnetic flow meter, was increased by about 15% with the diazoxide infusion. Systemic blood pressure and hematocrit remained unchanged. Glomerular filtration rate increased significantly from 26 +/- 2 to 34 +/- 3 ml/min, urine flow and sodium excretion also increased (0.13 +/- 0.01 to 0.33 +/- 0.06 ml/min and 5.5 +/- 0.90 to 35.5 +/- 11.0 microEq/min, respectively). Decreased sodium reabsorption from the proximal tubule was demonstrated by a decrease in the tubular fluid to plasma inulin ratio (1.62 +/- 0.1 1.47 +/- 0.1) thus giving a reduction in fractional sodium reabsorption to the site of micropuncture (36.1 +/- 4.3 to 29.5 +/- 5.1%, p less than 0.05). To examine peritubular effects of diazoxide infusion, capillary protein concentration and pressure were measured; the former increasing significantly (9.17 +/- 0.32 to 9.80 +/- 0.35, p less than 0.05) and the latter did not change (13.1 +/- 1.0 vs. 15.2 +/- 1.4 mm Hg). Thus intrarenal diazoxide causes whole kidney vasodilatation with diuresis, natriuresis and decreased sodium reabsorption from the superficial proximal tubule. Additional studies provided no data to indicate that changes in peritubular physical factors account for the changes in sodium handling.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6672844 TI - The influence of verapamil on calcium transport and uptake in segments of rat intestine. AB - The effects of verapamil on calcium transport and uptake in duodenal and jejunal segments of intestine in young male rats were determined using the everted gut sac technique. Verapamil added to both the mucosal and serosal surface of duodenal segments decreased calcium transport and tissue uptake in a dose-related fashion over a concentration range of 1-2 mM. In jejunal segments verapamil (1 mM) added to both the mucosal and serosal surface reduced calcium transport but did not alter tissue uptake. Similarly, verapamil (1 mM) added to either the mucosal or serosal surface alone in duodenal segments reduced transport but did not depress tissue uptake. The results of this study indicate that verapamil alters calcium translocation in intestinal tissue in a fashion which is similar to that reported in other biological tissue. PMID- 6672845 TI - Initial assessment of the performance of an 0.3 T permanent magnet in whole body NMR imaging. AB - An 0.3 Tesla permanent magnet was constructed and incorporated into a complete whole body NMR imager. Axial, sagittal and coronal images from human subjects were obtained using a two-dimensional Fourier Transform analysis of selected planes 8 mm thick, combined with an efficient multislice technique that produces sections centered 12 mm apart. Images were obtained based on inversion recovery and spin echo modes. The permanent magnetic field is uniform to 10 ppm over 38 cm. The magnet requires no special maintenance and has an extremely small fringe field. The magnet design, with its field vertical to the long axis of the subject, permits use of a solenoidal radiofrequency receiving coil for optimal signal-to-noise ratio. Images were shown that are of high quality and produced under conditions simulating those necessary for efficient patient throughout in a clinical setting. Many of the unique features of NMR imaging, such as ability to directly obtain axial, sagittal and coronal projections, the variety of imaging modes, the natural sources of contrast, and the ability to visualize clearly medium and large blood vessels, were demonstrated. PMID- 6672846 TI - Use of a Faraday shield to obtain well-resolved 31P-NMR spectra from a localized region in live animals. PMID- 6672847 TI - Treatment of sleep disorders IV: Sleep apnea. PMID- 6672848 TI - [Ultrasonographic study in breast immersion]. AB - 100 breast symptomatic patients have been examined with ultrasound, using an automated water-path scanner (Senomatic 3D CGR), and commercial B-mode or real time scanners. All the patients were also examined with xeromammography. Normal breast patterns, as well as benign and malignant breast lesions, are presented. PMID- 6672849 TI - [Echographic evaluation of portal flow]. AB - Authors analyze clinical possibilities offered by the combination of pulsed Doppler/B mode in automatic ultrasound equipment in evaluating portal vein flow. In 60% of cases the system gave informations about flow in right (452 +/- 21 cm3/min) and in left (348 +/- 27 cm3/min) portal vein branches. Measurement failure causes and methods to avoid them are discussed. PMID- 6672850 TI - [Intracortical tunnels: an early sign of hyperparathyroidism in chronic uremia under periodic hemodialysis]. AB - The authors studied the hand bones in 83 uremic patients undergoing periodic hemodialytic treatment, with microfocus and magnification, valuing particularly the debated findings of cortical striation (tunnelling). In 33 cases the radiological signs have been compared with the values of plasma parathyroid hormone and a significant relationship was found between the hyperparathyroidism and the development of cortical striation. The intracortical tunnels are proposed as an important sign for the early diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 6672851 TI - [The ribs in beta-thalassemia. Course of the changes in relation to transfusion therapy]. AB - At the present time, the only treatment available to correct the anemia in Cooley's disease is the use of blood transfusions. The patients maintained at a higher baseline level of Hb (Hypertransfusion Regimen = HTR, with Hb levels of 8 divided by 10 g/100 cm3) are in general, in better health and have smaller organs: particularly, the changes in the skull and in other bones become less pronounced and may recede. The authors have reviewed in 77 patients with beta thalassemia syndromes a spectrum of rib changes, including widening, osteoporosis with or without localized lucencies, "rib-within-a-rib" appearance, subcortical lucency and extramedullary hematopoietic masses. These radiological changes are explained on the basis of the relationship of the proliferating marrow to the medulla, cortex and periosteum. The type of abnormalities depends on the type of transfusion regimen. HTR begun early in life will prevent the development of any abnormal rib changes; on the other hand, in the majority of cases, abnormal findings did not regress with LTR (= Low Transfusion Regimen, with Hb level of 4 divided by 6 g/100 cm3). PMID- 6672852 TI - [Interstitial radiotherapy using I-125 seeds in brain neoplasms of slow development]. AB - The opportunity of stereotactic biopsy for the histological diagnosis of brain tumors, the radiobiologic bases, clinical implications and technical possibilities of interstitial radiation therapy are discussed. The results of 9 cases, out of 14 treated to-date over 20 months, with a minimum follow-up of 4 months, are presented. PMID- 6672853 TI - [Solitary extra-osseous plasmacytoma: a case of extradural localization in the dorsal spine]. PMID- 6672854 TI - [Inferior accessory ossicle of the anterior arch of the atlas]. PMID- 6672855 TI - [A case of dyschondrosteosis]. PMID- 6672856 TI - [Slipped epiphyses in chronic nephropathies of childhood: complications of rickets and secondary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 6672857 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of thymolipoma: considerations on 2 cases]. PMID- 6672858 TI - [A case of primary jejunal lymphoma with an unusual clinical presentation]. PMID- 6672859 TI - [Updating of the technology in the radiological diagnosis of bronchopulmonary tumors]. PMID- 6672860 TI - [Early radiological diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 6672861 TI - [Role of radiology in the clinico-diagnostic staging of bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 6672862 TI - [Surgical therapy of pulmonary carcinoma]. PMID- 6672863 TI - [Radiological follow-up of patients with bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 6672864 TI - [Experimental infection of Biomphalaria glabrata with Schistosoma mansoni by the injection of miracidia]. PMID- 6672865 TI - On the regulation of schistosomiasis by the effects of the parasite on the snail host. PMID- 6672866 TI - [Infective endocarditis]. PMID- 6672867 TI - [Long-term prognosis in children with epileptic crisis treated for 5 years]. PMID- 6672868 TI - [Familial congenital spherocytosis]. PMID- 6672869 TI - [Anthropometry of school children of high socioeconomic level. Descriptive study]. PMID- 6672870 TI - [The natural history of asthma in childhood]. PMID- 6672871 TI - [Evaluation of intrauterine growth in the newborn infant. Recommendations of the Nutrition Section of the Chilean Pediatric Society ]. PMID- 6672872 TI - [Alcoholic myocardiopathy in asymptomatic patients (I). Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic studies]. PMID- 6672873 TI - [Alcoholic myocardiopathy in asymptomatic patients (II). Hemodynamic and electrophysiologic studies]. PMID- 6672874 TI - [Immunoglobulins in the sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (I) Local production of IgA and IgG in unstable periods and in clinical stabilization]. PMID- 6672876 TI - [Severe poisoning with barbiturates, glutethimide and other sedative drugs. (I) Clinical aspects, mortality and therapeutic aspects of 68 patients]. PMID- 6672875 TI - [Erythema nodosum. Review of 68 cases]. PMID- 6672877 TI - [Severe poisoning with barbiturates, Glutethimide and other sedative drugs. (II) Hemodynamic, respiratory, metabolic and renal evaluation of 68 patients]. PMID- 6672878 TI - [Intracranial tuberculomas. Study of 5 cases]. PMID- 6672879 TI - [Sacroiliitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus in a heroin addict]. PMID- 6672880 TI - [Plasma cell granuloma with mediastinal involvement]. PMID- 6672882 TI - [Susceptibility of the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) to rotavirus infection]. PMID- 6672881 TI - [Deficit of erythrocyte antigens as a cause of pathology. IV. Weak ABO phenotypes. Ax and Bx phenotypes]. PMID- 6672883 TI - [Epidemiology of hepatic fascioliasis (Fasciola gigantica) at the dairy farm of the Lubumbashi (Zaire) ranch. Results of a deparasitization trial. Recommendations]. PMID- 6672884 TI - [Existence of tropical babesiasis caused by Babesia bovis in Guadeloupe (French Antilles)]. PMID- 6672885 TI - [The hematocrit of N'Dama and Baoule cattle of the Ivory Coast]. PMID- 6672886 TI - [Study of the productivity of Djallonke sheep at the Kolda Zootechnical Research Center in Senegal. 2. Body weight, productivity of the ewes and the flock]. PMID- 6672887 TI - [Development of animal draught and evolution of pastoral systems in Sine Saloum, Senegal (1970-1981)]. PMID- 6672888 TI - [Identification of cattle from a description of coat and horns in Fulfulde, a dialect of stock breeders of Diamare (Northern Cameroon)]. PMID- 6672889 TI - Some marketing aspects of slaughter animals in rural slaughterslabs in Kaduna State of Nigeria. PMID- 6672890 TI - [Recording ventilation during sleep using pneumotachography: drawbacks and disadvantages]. AB - Pneumotachographic recording of ventilation requires an air-tight nasobuccal face mask which might disturb the subjects' sleep and thereby modify their breathing pattern. In a cross-over randomised study we compared recordings obtained with and without a face-mask in 20 healthy normal volunteers (10 males, 10 females, mean age = 21.7 +/- S.E.M. = 0.5). The sleep modifications that resulted from the presence of the face-mask were a lengthening of the REM-sleep latency (+ 38%; P less than 0.01), an increase in intra-sleep waking-time (+ 65%, P less than 0.05), an increase in stage I duration (+ 40%, P less than 0.02), and a decrease in REM-sleep duration (- 20%, P less than 0.01), resulting in a decrease in total sleep duration (- 9%, P less than 0.05). The sleep latency, the number of awakenings, the stage II duration, the deep slow-wave sleep duration, the sleep stability, and the number of sleep cycles were not significantly modified. PMID- 6672891 TI - [Seizures in the newborn infant; value of polygraphy]. AB - Recordings were made from 20 newborns during seizures in their first days of life, using a polygraphic study enabling observation of electro-clinical seizures, electric seizures, and seizures with no EEG transfer. The interictal EEG as well as the duration of status epilepticus are discussed. An estimation of the prognosis from the EEG clinical criteria is envisaged. CT scans and ultrasound scans were performed in serious cases of neonatal distress responsible for status epilepticus; these showed diffused or localized oedema of the white matter, either isolated or associated with intracranial hemorrhagic lesions. PMID- 6672892 TI - [Different clinical and electroencephalographic aspects of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Apropos of 51 cases]. AB - The authors have studied 51 cases of SSPE, mainly focusing their attention upon clinical and EEG signs of the onset of the illness. Clinical disorders have been classified in the 3 following categories: psychic prevailing, neurologic prevailing, and visual disorders prevailing. These 3 categories do not have the same evolution and may not have the same prognosis. Concerning EEG disorders, the typical periodic complex topography allows to recognize 3 groups: bilateral and symmetrical complexes, bilateral but asymmetrical complexes, and unilateral complexes. These 3 groups may be further analysed, according to an anterior or posterior prevalence of the periodic complex. The authors think that this distinction may be of interest for diagnostic precision. PMID- 6672893 TI - [Electroencephalographic aspects of classic agyria-pachygyria]. AB - Four infants had agyria confirmed by CT scan. All were mentally retarded, microcephalic, 3 of them having characteristic facial dysmorphy and 2 infantile spasms. EEG was characterized by very high amplitude rhythms in the alpha range, associated with delta waves and with infrequent spikes. The tracing was poorly modified by sleep. Drugs reduced its amplitude and rapid rhythms appeared with benzodiazepines. The authors point to the usefulness of the EEG in suggesting diagnosis before the CT scan, as was the case in 2 patients. They point to the urgent need of studying infantile epilepsies according to etiology, and not only to seizure types. PMID- 6672896 TI - [EEG and brain-stem evoked potentials in 125 recent concussions]. AB - EEG and ipsi/contralateral BEPs have been recorded in 125 cases of concussion at most 48 h after the cerebral trauma. In 100 cases of minor concussion the temporary loss of consciousness lasted not more than 2 min. In 25 cases of mild concussion, the loss of consciousness lasted until their arrival at the hospital. In minor concussions an abnormal EEG was found in 17% of the cases and in mild concussions, in 56%. The abnormalities of the BEP, more often seen in mild concussions (60%) than in minor concussions (8%), are an increase of interpeak latencies or distorted responses with average to bad reproducibility. The results are discussed. PMID- 6672894 TI - [Significance of discontinuous traces in the full-term newborn infant]. AB - This article is devoted to a consideration of the clinical prognostic significance of "trace discontinu". The authors first distinguish "trace discontinu" from the "trace paroxystique" and trace alternant" patterns in the newborn. The distinction is very important. The bad prognosis of the "trace paroxystique" is well known, but prognosis of the "trace discontinu" seems to be different. If the "trace discontinu" is permanent, there was a 50% favourable outcome in our 22 newborn babies brought to the reanimation department. If some continuous activity can be observed: beginning of sleep organisation, then the prognosis seems to be better: 61% of our cases. As blood levels of anticonvulsants are rarely measured it seems difficult, given our present knowledge, to appreciate anticonvulsive drug effects on EEG recordings. Thus 3 aims should be pointed out: --Measurements of anticonvulsant blood level each time a "trace discontinu" is observed in a treated newborn. --Early EEG recordings of sufficient duration to obtain eventually some continuous tracing. - Correct differentiation between "trace paroxystique" and "trace discontinu" for the clinician: "trace discontinu" in a full-term newborn should never allow the paediatrician to stop treatment. PMID- 6672895 TI - [Genetic basis of beta patterns of the EEG in the adult]. AB - Stable EEG-characteristics of a normal healthy person can be subdivided into posterior basic rhythms and normal variants. Posterior basic rhythms are: alpha type, theta type, occipital beta type and diffuse beta type. Normal variants- accessory characteristics without pathological significance--are: occipital theta variant, mu waves, beta bursts over the frontal areas, lambda and sleep lambda waves as well as subvigil beta bursts. It has been proven that posterior basic rhythms as well as normal variants--the latter only to some extent Both types of posterior beta rhythm show a high correlation with low voltage and are inherited in a simple autosomal dominant mode. Both types of frontal beta bursts are rare normal variants, and show characteristics which can be easily distinguished from each other. Type 1 is inherited in a simple autosomal dominant mode whereas type 2 is inherited in a simple dominant mode. Subvigil beta bursts are found in 10% of the population as a stable characteristic during light NREM and during REM sleep. A sleep dominant mode of inheritance--although quite likely--has not yet been proven even though this characteristic shows a marked individual stability. PMID- 6672897 TI - [Cervical somatosensory evoked potentials in the healthy subject: analysis of the effect of the location of the reference electrode on aspects of the responses]. AB - Cervical SEPs were recorded in 111 normal subjects following stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist, using 3 different sites for the reference electrode (Fz, earlobe, shoulder). It was shown that cephalic reference electrodes (Fz or earlobe) modify the wave form of the cervical response, because they pick up far field SEPs (P9, P11, P13, P14) originating from cervical roots, spinal cord and brainstem. These far-field SEP components are injected as negativities in the activity recorded by the cervical electrode. The responses recorded with cephalic reference differ from those recorded at the same cervical site, with a non cephalic reference in 3 main points: (1) the amplitude of negative components N11 and N13 is increased; (2) the onset latency of N11 is significantly shorter; (3) an N14 negativity is added, the origin of which is probably in the brainstem; this component may occupy the peak of the cervical negativity; thus the central conduction time, calculated as the time interval between N14 and N20, does not take into account the time for spinal propagation of the somatosensory afferent inputs. A topographic study of cervical responses in 10 normal subjects showed an increase of the onset latency of N11 (mean 0.89) from the lower cervical region to the cervico-occipital junction, provided that a non-cephalic reference is used. This result suggests that N11 corresponds to the travelling of action potentials in the ascending spinal somatosensory pathways. The use of a medio frontal (Fz) reference electrode results in: (1) a masking of the latency shift of N11 latency because of the subtraction of the far-field Fz-recorded P11 component, the onset of which was found to be synchronous with the entry of afferent volleys in the lower cervical spinal cord; (2) a modification of the spatial organization of the responses, due to the subtraction of far-field scalp recorded positivities P9, P11, P13 and P14, that creates negative N9, N11, N13 and N14 potentials far below the level where cervical roots enter the spinal cord. PMID- 6672898 TI - [Value of neuromuscular biopsy in the child. Clinical, electrophysiologic and histopathologic correlations in 97 cases]. AB - The authors tried to test the diagnostic yield of muscle and nerve biopsies in children and studied the relationships between clinical, electrophysiological and histopathological findings in 97 cases seen over a 3-year period. Specific histopathological lesions were described in 17.9% of muscle biopsies and 27.2% of nerve biopsies. In 65% of the cases, the biopsy revealed or confirmed the diagnosis, or specified the process (neurogenic or myogenic). Histopathology was concordant with clinical and electrophysiological findings in 83.5% of the cases. PMID- 6672899 TI - [Electromyographic study of 50 cases of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease]. AB - An electromyographic study was performed in 50 cases of severe infantile spinal muscular atrophy (type I). 164 muscles and 93 nerves (ulnar and posterior tibialis) were tested. The thresholds of stimulation of the motor nerves were increased. Motor action potential was absent in 30% of the investigated nerves, motor nerve conduction velocity was slow in 44%, H reflex was absent in 86%. Proprioceptive nerve conduction velocity was slow in some cases. Using the long time (50-100 msec) direct longitudinal technique of muscle stimulation (provoked fibrillation), denervation could be proved in 98% of cases. The authors emphasize diagnostical difficulties in the first days of life. PMID- 6672900 TI - [Technic and results of electromyographic exploration of the diaphragm in the infant and young child]. AB - Electromyographic study of the diaphragma cannot be separated from the exploration of the nervi phrenici. The left nervus phrenicus is longer than the right. Both divide into 3 terminal branches that innervate the 3 main muscular areas. A different recording technique is used for each muscular area: thoracic surface electrodes for the cupulae, oesophageal probe electrodes for the crura diaphragmatis, and needle electrodes for the pars sternalis. Voluntary activity, recorded only during inspiration, is of limited use in pediatrics. The various parameters of the response to stimulation of the nervi phrenici, which are described here, are more interesting. In particular the latency period for each muscular area as a function of age is examined in detail to give an impression of the nerve conductivity. PMID- 6672902 TI - [Current considerations on food allergy]. PMID- 6672901 TI - [Hypothalamic hamartomas and laughing seizures]. AB - The authors report 7 new cases of children with laughing seizures associated with hamartoma of the hypothalamus. Precocious puberty is present in 4 cases and seizures of another type (clonic or tonic) in 5 cases. The diagnosis is confirmed by histology (2 cases) or by CT scan (5 cases). The interictal EEG abnormalities are detailed as well as those found during the laughing seizures which were registered (3 cases). The literature was reviewed and 18 cases were found with posterior hypothalamic lesions and laughing seizures: they have been studied and compared with ours. The role of hamartoma is discussed in the production of these seizures, either isolated laughing seizures or else laughing seizures accompanied with other symptoms. PMID- 6672903 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphocyte electrophoretic mobility in a group of primary immunodeficiencies before and after substitutive immunotherapy]. PMID- 6672904 TI - [Pulmonary sarcoid-like necrotizing granulomatosis]. PMID- 6672905 TI - [Iron poisoning]. PMID- 6672906 TI - [Metabolic osteopathies]. PMID- 6672907 TI - [Progress in orthopedic surgery in achondroplastic subjects]. PMID- 6672908 TI - [The natural history of the evolutive chronic hepatopathies. Contribution of the medical history]. PMID- 6672909 TI - [Changes in the renin-aldosterone system in patients with hepatic cirrhosis during concentration-reinfusion of ascitic fluid]. PMID- 6672910 TI - [Hormonal peptides and neuropeptides of the digestive system of man. Physiology and pathology]. PMID- 6672911 TI - [Acute abdomen caused by gynecologic pathology]. PMID- 6672912 TI - [Antigens of the basal membranes and its clinical relevance]. PMID- 6672913 TI - [Follow-up treatment of patients with prosthetic joint replacement]. PMID- 6672914 TI - [Is interference only electric stimulation? (II)]. PMID- 6672915 TI - Expiratory pattern and laryngeal responses to single-breath expiratory resistance loads. AB - Responses of expiratory duration (TE) and laryngeal aperture to small flow resistance loads (2 and 5 cm H2O/LPS) applied to single expirations were measured using repeated applications in four subjects during quiet breathing. All subjects significantly prolonged TE in response to the higher load and 3 of the 4 showed that same response to the lower load, which was not perceived by these subjects. These same 3 subjects showed a narrowed laryngeal aperture in response to loading such that their expiratory impedance must have been greater than the increase provided by the load alone. The effect of such a loading response was to slow the expiratory volume decay so that a small but significant increase in the halftime for volume decay was observed. The prolongation of TE seen with loading could be due to the alteration of volume-related feedback consequent to the increased expiratory impedance. This may serve a role in regulation of expiratory muscle function. PMID- 6672916 TI - Laryngeal receptors responding to transmural pressure, airflow and local muscle activity. AB - The larynx has a rich sensory supply which is the main source of several respiratory reflexes. These reflexes, that influence both the patency of the upper airway and the pattern of breathing, are related to transmural pressure and/or airflow in the upper airway. Yet hardly any information is available on the response of laryngeal mechanoreceptors to transmural pressure and airflow. We recorded action potentials from single fibers separated from the superior laryngeal nerve of anesthetized dogs, breathing spontaneously either through a tracheostomy or the upper airway. The airway could be occluded above or below the larynx. On the basis of their behavior during tracheostomy breathing, upper airway breathing, tracheal occlusion and upper airway occlusion, laryngeal mechanoreceptors were classified as pressure receptors, flow receptors or 'drive' receptors (stimulated by the respiratory activity of upper airway muscles). Pressure receptors were encountered most frequently, representing 63.6% of our sample of 110 receptors, 'drive' receptors constituted 21.8% and flow receptors the remaining 14.6%. Our findings indicate that, even though the three types of receptors differ in sensory modality, they concur in exhibiting a predominant activity during inspiration. In fact, 65% of all receptors are active during eupneic inspiration. Moreover, their activity increases markedly during upper airway obstruction. PMID- 6672917 TI - The contribution of central mechanisms rostral to the pons in high altitude ventilatory acclimatization. AB - In order to explore the role of suprapontine mechanisms in the ventilatory features of acclimatization to high altitude (HAVA) a study was made of: (a) normal cats after 48 h of exposure to a simulated altitude of 5500 m; (b) those same acclimatized cats 6 h following mid-collicular decerebration; (c) decerebrate cats after 48 h of exposure to a simulated altitude of 5500 m; (d) decerebrate cats after 48 h of exposure to room air at sea level. In a pilot study in which high altitude exposure was maintained for 30 days it was determined that normal cats show all of the manifestations of HAVA after 48 h. These were: increase of VI over acute hypoxic value and a maintained hyperventilation with normoxic inhaled gas; increase of both VT and f, the latter predominantly due to shortened TE; increase of VT/TI. Following decerebration the ventilatory pattern of these cats reverted to the preoperative, acute hypoxic exposure characteristics. Decerebrate cats maintained under normoxic conditions for 48 h showed no changes that were statistically significant, but brief (20 min) hypoxic tests indicated an increase of ventilatory response at the end of the second day. Decerebrate cats maintained for 48 h in the hypoxic environment showed all of the main features of HAVA. We conclude that suprapontine mechanisms in the intact cat exert a facilitatory influence which supports the development of HAVA, but if the structures in which those mechanisms normally reside are chronically removed, a comparable mechanism in the ponto-medullary region is capable of assuming the same function. PMID- 6672918 TI - The effects of unilateral carotid body excision on ventilatory control in goats. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not unilateral carotid body excision (UCBE) alters normal respiratory control in awake and otherwise intact goats. We measured resting VE and blood gas tensions and pH and ventilatory responses (VR) to NaCN, dopamine and Doxapram in awake goats before and after UCBE. Resting ventilation, blood gas tensions and pH, and the VR to the above stimuli were not altered by UCBE. During exposure to hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber (PB = 450 torr), PaCO2 decreased in UCBE goats over the first hour, indicating acute hypoxic hyperventilation. During the subsequent 8 h, PaCO2 decreased an additional 5-6 torr, suggesting ventilatory acclimatization to chronic hypoxia (VACH). The response was similar to that observed in intact goats. Acute normoxia following 6 and 8 hr did not completely alleviate the hypocapnia of prolonged hypoxia, further suggesting VACH. We conclude that sufficient redundancy exists in the inputs from the paired carotid body chemoreceptors so that normal ventilatory responsiveness to acute and chronic stimuli is present in goats possessing only a single carotid body. PMID- 6672919 TI - Cardiopulmonary response to acute altitude exposure: water loading and denitrogenation. AB - In order to determine if a positive water balance would impair cardiovascular and ventilatory adjustments during acute altitude exposure, six healthy male subjects were exposed to 4570 m for 2 h with and without water loading. No significant differences in any of the measured variables were observed between normal and overhydrated subjects. In order to determine if rapid ascent to altitude involves the formation of nitrogen bubbles which could impair gas exchange, 11 subjects were exposed to 4570 m with and without denitrogenation (by breathing 100% O2 prior to ascent) and 6 subjects were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (14% O2). Prior O2 breathing reduced the hyperventilatory and alkalotic responses to altitude, tachycardia did not develop, and systemic blood pressure fell, despite the fact that arterial desaturation was similar to that during the untreated altitude exposure. Reduced urine flow and increased urine osmolality were observed in two subjects at 4570 m, but these changes were not observed in the same subjects after O2 breathing. Breathing 14% O2 also produced the same degree of arterial desaturation but the hyperventilatory response was significantly greater than in the prior altitude exposures. Heart rate, blood pressure, and urine flow and osmolality were not altered and symptoms of altitude illness were minimal. Thus, neither of our hypotheses proved to be correct; however, we did observe a prolonged effect of O2 breathing on the hypoxic ventilatory response, and a potential effect of hypobaria on ventilation. PMID- 6672920 TI - [Adjuvant arthritis in rats. Clinical aspects, morphological and biochemical changes in the blood and histopathological changes in the internal organs]. PMID- 6672921 TI - [Fasciitis eosinophilica in the light of observed cases]. PMID- 6672922 TI - [Review of the methods for studying maximal muscle power]. PMID- 6672923 TI - [Posterior capsulotomy as a method of treatment of flexion contracture of the knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6672924 TI - [The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Mexico]. PMID- 6672925 TI - [Dynamic, ambulatory (Holter) electrocardiography monitoring in the diagnostic study of patients with neurologic manifestations]. PMID- 6672926 TI - [Risk of changes in glucose metabolism in women in the pre-gestational stage. Evaluation of indicators]. PMID- 6672927 TI - [Neonatal jaundice and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Havana]. PMID- 6672928 TI - Recessive inheritance in a neuronal motor neuropathy form of peroneal muscular atrophy. PMID- 6672929 TI - [Hereditary deficiency of coagulation factor X. Study of 10 cases in a family in Mexico]. PMID- 6672930 TI - [Psychotropic drugs in internal medicine. II. Tranquilizers]. PMID- 6672931 TI - [Clinical sensitivity and specificity of erythrocyte protoporphyrin in the detection of iron deficiency]. PMID- 6672932 TI - [Bacteriophage typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from nosocomial infections in the city of Cordoba (Argentina)]. PMID- 6672933 TI - [Development of the production of specific human immunoglobulins. I. Titration of tetanus antitoxin in the process of obtaining normal human immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6672934 TI - [Isolation of Actinomyces viscosus from an abscess caused by a dog bite]. PMID- 6672935 TI - [Isolation and purification of a mycobactin]. PMID- 6672936 TI - [Complement-fixing antibodies against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in the populations of Corrientes and Chaco, Argentina]. PMID- 6672937 TI - [Comparative study of activities and errors in microbiological evaluation of antibiotics]. PMID- 6672938 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations from patients with cervical uterine carcinoma undergoing radiation therapy. PMID- 6672939 TI - [Development of the production of specific human immunoglobulins. II. Comparison of 3 technics for in vivo and in vitro titration of tetanus antitoxin]. PMID- 6672940 TI - [Fungal contamination of the atmospheric air in the city of Recife (Pernambuco, Brazil)]. PMID- 6672941 TI - [Sensitivity of Prototheca zopfii to antifungal, chemotherapeutic and sulfamide agents]. PMID- 6672942 TI - [Vitamin content of Scenedesmus quadricauda. II. Vitamin B 12]. PMID- 6672943 TI - Methods for age-adjustment of rates. AB - Different age structures in two populations complicate any comparison of their levels of mortality. Many methods exist which provide death rates or mortality indices adjusted for age and other factors. Such summary measures inevitably lose information, but they are useful for the initial examination of large quantities of data and for the presentation of results. This paper reviews a number of techniques available for producing age-adjusted death rates or mortality indices, emphasizing their historical development. Formulae are given for their calculation. The appropriate context for using each method, and its associated disadvantages are described. PMID- 6672944 TI - Adjusting proportional mortality ratios for the influence of extraneous causes of death. AB - Proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) are frequently used where denominators of the population at risk are not available or are known to be seriously biased. The interpretation of proportional measures requires care and can be complicated by the fact that a PMR of a cause of interest may be affected by disproportionate mortality from one or more other causes of death. This problem is examined using occupational mortality data for England and Wales. A method of allowing for the influence of other causes of death on a PMR of interest is proposed and it is argued that this approach is a useful aid to the general interpretation of PMRs. PMID- 6672945 TI - An investigation of an excess incidence of heart disease. AB - In a large complex chemical company, it is difficult to distinguish clusters of disease of occupational origin from those due to non-occupational factors and those that have arisen by chance. The mechanical application of statistical procedures to health data to detect occupational hazards will produce many false positives. More refined techniques were used to demonstrate that the incidence of coronary disease at a small site was too high to be attributed to chance alone. An intensive search for a causative factor proved abortive. PMID- 6672946 TI - Prediction intervals for survival data. AB - This paper concerns large sample prediction intervals for the survival times of a future sample based on an initial sample of censored survival data. Simple procedures are developed for obtaining non-parametric and exponential prediction intervals for the future sample quantiles; the non-parametric interval results from inversion of an appropriate test statistic. A simulation study performed under various conditions evaluates the accuracy of the proposed intervals. An adjuvant chemotherapy study of breast cancer patients illustrates the methodology. PMID- 6672947 TI - Validity and power investigation of a test for serial correlation in univariate repeated measures analysis. AB - A common design in biostatistics and psychometrics is the repeated measures design. A popular example is a clinical trial with one grouping factor, e.g. treatment or drug, and one repeated measures factor, e.g. time or visit. For selected 'real world' parameter sets, we performed a validity and power study on a test for serial correlation in repeated measures analysis and also conducted a similar study of a test for sphericity. Simulation showed that the serial correlation test identified the serial correlation structure, whereas the sphericity test, for some parameter sets, failed to detect this non-spherical pattern as often as 85 per cent of the time. PMID- 6672948 TI - [Multiple and recurrent paralysis of the cranial nerves of unknown etiology]. PMID- 6672949 TI - [Possibilities of excision offered by new repair technics in tumors of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6672950 TI - [Solitary eosinophilic granulomas of the temporal bone. Apropos of an internal petrous form]. PMID- 6672952 TI - [Pituitary metastasis of a digestive tract cancer]. PMID- 6672951 TI - [The significance of otoneurosurgical cooperation in the treatment of ORL cancers of the orbit with meningeal and cerebral invasion]. PMID- 6672953 TI - [Prognostic factors in sudden deafness]. PMID- 6672955 TI - [Ideas on prescription writing in pregnancy]. PMID- 6672954 TI - [Post-radiotherapy stenosis of the cervical vessels supplying the brain]. PMID- 6672956 TI - [Embryonic development of the face, nose and palate]. PMID- 6672957 TI - [Differential diagnosis of anomalies in basal-distal relations. I. Clinical subtypes (male control group)]. PMID- 6672959 TI - [Essential histopathological lesions of 71 inflammatory odontogenic cysts]. PMID- 6672958 TI - [Lipofuscin in human tongues]. PMID- 6672960 TI - [Multiple myeloma (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 6672961 TI - [Thoughts on the orthodontic treatment of cleft palate]. PMID- 6672962 TI - [Ionizing radiations in dentistry]. PMID- 6672963 TI - [Jaw cysts]. PMID- 6672964 TI - Tooth loss and prosthetic replacement in Portugal. A baseline study in youths and adults. PMID- 6672965 TI - [Differential diagnosis of anomalies in basal-distal relations]. PMID- 6672966 TI - [2 cases of pulmonary metastases of mandibular ameloblastic carcinoma]. PMID- 6672967 TI - [Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of odontogenic cysts of the jaws: general and specific characteristics of each of the variants]. PMID- 6672968 TI - [Ulcers and ulcerative diseases of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 6672969 TI - [Clinical case report of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 6672971 TI - [Teaching levels in the discipline of orthodontics at the Lisbon College of Dental Medicine]. PMID- 6672970 TI - Dental health among young adult Portuguese in relation to socio-economic differences. PMID- 6672972 TI - [The oral health of Portuguese children of school age]. PMID- 6672973 TI - [Syphilis and its oral manifestations]. PMID- 6672974 TI - [Retention of upper incisors due to supernumerary teeth]. PMID- 6672975 TI - [Burton's line. A clinical and histopathological study]. PMID- 6672976 TI - [Cardiopathy and pregnancy. Review of 150 cases]. PMID- 6672977 TI - [Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in blood donors in a general hospital of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil]. PMID- 6672978 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the medial palpebral ligament]. PMID- 6672979 TI - [Functional and immunologic evaluation of prothrombin in the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis and hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 6672980 TI - [Truncal vagotomy and antroduodenectomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Late results]. PMID- 6672981 TI - [Epidemiologic surveillance system in the State of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 6672982 TI - [Contrasts and confrontations between the principles and objectives of the post graduate in tropical medicine]. PMID- 6672983 TI - [Hemorrhagic varicella]. PMID- 6672984 TI - Detection of IgM anti-toxoplasma antibodies in acute acquired and congenital toxoplasmosis after protein A treatment of serum. PMID- 6672985 TI - Biochemistry of Schistosomiasis mansoni. IV--Effects of oxamniquine on the hepatic lysosomal activity. PMID- 6672986 TI - [Hepatic lesions caused by injection of Schistosoma mansoni eggs into the portal vein of sensitized and unsensitized mice]. PMID- 6672987 TI - [Incidence of HBsAg and anti-HBsAg. Frequency of the hepatitis B surface antigen and its antibodies detected by radioimmunoassay, in hospital personnel]. PMID- 6672988 TI - American cutaneous leishmaniasis: disappearance of amastigotes from lesions during antimonial therapy. PMID- 6672989 TI - [Polycythemic hyperviscosity syndromes]. AB - Packed red cell volume (VPRC) and total blood volume chiefly affect oxygen transport to tissues and produce the syndrome of polycythemic hyperviscosity. Several studies have demonstrated that a raised VPRC increases the blood viscosity and, under a measured pressure, decreases the flow rate in a capillary tube. Reduced flow results in a less effective tissue perfusion. The oxygen transport at different values of VPRC is shown by an inverted arc-like curve: at normal VPRC levels the oxygen transport is optimal. Hypervolemia affects oxygen transport to tissues: at the same VPRC values, hypervolemic patients have a better oxygen transport. In polycythemia vera (PV), hypervolemia may partially reduce the damage due to the increased blood viscosity. However, in some local areas where fixed vessel diameter (from arteriosclerosis) limits the increased blood flow, hyperviscosity may result in a local tissue ischemia. A relative iron deficiency with associated microcytosis due to venesection frequently occurs in PV. It is also associated with a delayed red blood cell filtration which may contribute to hyperviscosity. When thrombocytosis is present, the risk of thrombotic complications is furthermore increased. We report symptoms and signs at the onset in a series of 80 patients affected by PV. All patients have a minimum follow-up of 4 years. We also report the course of the illness, the treatment effectiveness (venesection, dibromomannitol) on clinical symptoms, the survival curve with analysis of prognostic factors at the onset and the causes of death. PMID- 6672990 TI - [Hemoglobin S as the cause of primary hyperviscosity of the blood]. AB - The hemoglobinemia S is a genetic defect due to a replacement of a single amino acid in the beta-chain of the human hemoglobin, leading to the most characteristic case of primary blood hyperviscosity. The difference in beta-chain of normal HbA compared to that of HbS is represented by the replacement of glutamic acid, normally found in the 6th position, with valine. The sickling of HbS-containing erythrocytes is due to the polymerization of deoxygenated HbS tetramers with formation of linear structures and to the parallel distribution of these fibers in the red blood cell. The full deoxygenation of HbS blood induces the characteristic morphological changes of red blood cell and increases the blood viscosity from 40 to 120% if compared to the viscosity of the same oxygenated blood. Any change in the viscosity of normal blood following deoxygenation was observed. Almost all the clinical symptoms found in patients carrying HbS can be directly or indirectly correlated to the increased blood viscosity following deoxygenation. PMID- 6672991 TI - [Microspectrophotometry in the study of physiological and pathological events in erythrocytes]. AB - Microspectrophotometry turns out to be the ideal method for an accurate study of single cells, namely of red blood cells, from the biochemical and physiological standpoint. Hereafter several possible applications are reported: a. the kinetics of gas-exchange (O2 and CO) in human erythrocytes has been made possible by the photosensitivity of the Hb-CO complex. In this way, it has been possible to establish that both ligands recombine with intraerythrocyte hemoglobin following a zero-order kinetic process. This suggested that diffusion of a ligand across an unstirred layer of buffer (approximately 5.10 mu thick) all around the cell could be the rate-limiting step of this recombination. Moreover, an intracellular facilitated oxygen diffusion has been observed and possible physiological implications have been shortly mentioned; b. the kinetics of intracellular polymerization of sickle cell hemoglobin in single red blood cells has been measured by quickly (approximately 1 msec) flashing-off the CO employing a cw Argon ion laser. The polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin has been followed by detecting the increased light scattering of the laser beam itself. The distribution of delay times (td) in several patients has been found significantly correlated to the severity of the disease, supporting the hypothesis that the td is a determinant factor in the pathophysiology of the disease. Possible therapeutic applications of this method are briefly discussed; c. the intraerythrocyte distribution of different hemoglobins of trout (Salmo irideus) among several erythrocytes has been observed by means of different physiochemical properties of single components. These turned out to be homogeneously present in all red blood cells studied. PMID- 6672992 TI - [Erythrocyte changes in diabetes]. AB - The relationship between some glucose metabolism alterations in erythrocytes and the increased rigidity of these cells in diabetes mellitus is discussed. For this purpose, the literature data concerning the role played by glycolytic intermediates, adenosine and pyridine nucleotides and by insulin are particularly analyzed. In addition, original data on intracellular levels of some sugars, in particular sorbitol and their contribution in the rise of erythrocyte rheological alterations in diabetic subjects are presented. PMID- 6672993 TI - [Correlation of metabolic and hemorrheological parameters in diabetes and hyperlipidemia]. AB - Blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and erythrocyte filterability were studied in 46 diabetic and in 24 hyperlipidemic patients and were compared with those of a group of normal controls; 35 diabetics were type I (IDDM, 13 of whom complication free and 22 with micro- and macroangiopathy), 11 diabetics were type II (NIDDM, 5 of whom complication-free and 6 with micro- and macroangiopathy). Erythrocyte filterability was lower in type I and II diabetes than in controls, and was also lower in diabetics with vascular complications than in complication-free patients. Erythrocyte filterability inversely correlated with HbA1c and with plasma uric acid levels. The hyperlipidemic group included 6 type IIa, 6 type IIb, 8 type IV and 4 type V patients. All hyperlipidemic patients were examined before and during diet and drug therapy. In all the hyperlipidemic patients blood viscosity inversely correlated with HDL-cholesterol, while plasma viscosity directly correlated with plasma uric acid. All these findings suggest that some hemorheological factors can play a role in the onset and progression of vascular complications of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemias, and that the hemorheological changes correlate with the severity of the metabolic abnormalities. PMID- 6672994 TI - [Hemorrheological anomalies: an element of additional risk in arterial diseases]. AB - Arterial blood flow to different tissues and organs is influenced by blood viscosity. The main determinants of blood viscosity are hematocrit and plasma protein concentration. Venesection and consequent reduction of hematocrit are very useful in various pathological conditions. Plasma-exchange removes proteins in excess (such as LDL in familial hypercholesterolemia) from plasma and thereby improves plasma viscosity, erythrocyte deformability and blood flow to the body tissues. PMID- 6672995 TI - [Hemorrheological changes in cerebrovascular disease]. AB - Over the past ten years, several studies have outlined the importance of high blood viscosity as a pathogenetic factor in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Clinical studies have demonstrated that a high blood viscosity due to an elevated hematocrit (greater than 46%) increases the risk of cerebral infarction. Furthermore, in patients with high hematocrit, the cerebral blood flow seems to be lower than in controls and, by removing 200-250 ml of blood by venesection, the cerebral blood flow can be normalized. Several authors have therefore proposed that venesection may be used as a preventive measure in patients at risk for cerebral ischemia with high hematocrit. In addition, studies on experimental brain ischemia have shown that hemodilution reduces the size of the infarction. Therefore, hemodilution has been proposed as an effective measure in the treatment of acute cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, it seems that high blood viscosity is a risk factor in cerebral ischemia although its pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical importance are not yet completely clarified. PMID- 6672996 TI - [Hemorrheological changes in ischemic heart disease]. AB - Ischemic cardiopathy in its various clinical manifestations, whether acute (angina pectoris or myocardial infarction) or chronic (chronic coronary insufficiency), has shown in recent years particular hemorheological characteristics of its own. The observation of patients with such diseases has allowed us to record the existence of modifications in the parameters indicative of rheological damage. Numerous studies have been made, many of which are still in progress, with the aim of clarifying the relationships between these data and the disease. In our experience an increase in blood and plasma viscosity and a decrease in red cell deformability are often present in a manner which is statistically significant, if these patients are compared with normal subjects. Hemorheological change is more evident in the acute forms of myocardial ischemia. In fact, in angina pectoris the occurrence of pain is always accompanied by an increase in blood viscosity and by a worsening of red cell deformability both during spontaneous crises and during provocative tests. The hemorheological damage tends to diminish fairly rapidly when the crisis is over, even if the level of stabilization proves to be still higher than normal. In myocardial infarction higher levels of viscosity appear for a brief period after the onset with a slight tendency to diminish up until the 30th day. With the aim of ascertaining whether the alteration is more evident precisely at the point where the ischemia occurs, we chose a necessarily limited number of subjects, undergoing coronarography and atrial pacing for diagnostic purposes, and decided to control the hemorheological data not only in the systemic venous blood but also in the blood taken from the coronary sinus. Our data has shown that the level of viscosity and of red cell filtrability, in the blood taken from the coronary sinus, is worse than those of the systemic venous blood and that, after atrial pacing, in negative pacing subjects the variations are of slight significance whilst in positive pacing subjects we observe a rapid increase in viscosity and a decrease in red cell filtrability. This seems to confirm what we have already observed in the limbs affected by peripheral ischemia, and to demonstrate the existence of a local hyperviscosity syndrome which, even in the myocardium, appears to be dependent on the tissue ischemia. PMID- 6672997 TI - [Hemorrheological changes in peripheral obliterative arterial diseases]. AB - The relationships between blood rheology and peripheral arterial disease are reviewed. The connections between abnormal blood rheology and peripheral arterial disease are discussed considering the opinions of the enthusiastic and skeptic rheologists. A prospective for future investigations is also proposed. PMID- 6672998 TI - [Fibrinolytic and defibrinogenation therapy]. AB - Plasma fibrinogen is one of the main determinants of blood viscosity and is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of venous and arterial thromboembolism. The pharmacological intervention on these factors can be achieved by lowering fibrinogen. Plasma fibrinogen concentrations can be lowered by fast-acting and slow-acting drugs. Among fast-acting drugs, fibrinolytic agents (such as streptokinase, urokinase, brinase and plasmin) act by cleaving FGN directly or indirectly through the formation of the proteolytic enzyme plasmin. Defibrinogenating agents (ancrod and batroxobin) are thrombin-like enzymes which induce the in vivo formation of fibrin microclots characterized by a peculiar physicochemical structure rendering them more easily cleared by the reticuloendothelial system. There is a clear-cut evidence for the clinical efficacy of fast-acting FGN-lowering drugs in the prevention and treatment of a number of clinical conditions associated with thromboembolic manifestations. However, it is not well established to which extent the effectiveness is due to their action on blood viscosity rather than to their fibrinolytic and anticoagulant properties. Slow-acting drugs (such as anabolic steroids, clofibrate, ticlopidine and pentoxifylline) decrease plasma FGN less rapidly and to a smaller extent than fast-acting drugs. Unlike these, they can be employed in long-term treatments. Clinical trials have clearly shown their clinical efficacy in a number of conditions associated with an altered microcirculation (Raynaud's syndrome, liposclerosis and postphlebitic syndrome). Their effect on blood viscosity is likely to be an important determinant of the clinical efficacy of these drugs. PMID- 6672999 TI - [Drugs acting on erythrocytes]. AB - The deformability of red blood cells depends not only on acidosis and hypoxia, but also on hemoglobin concentration, presence of Heinz bodies, characteristics of red blood cells, membrane fluidity, surface/volume ratio, ATP levels and water concentration of red blood cells. The two most important consequences deriving from the change in one or more of the above mentioned factors are a reduction of red blood cell flexibility and an increase of red blood cell aggregation. We have examined various drugs which directly or indirectly interfere with one or more of the previously listed factors. There are also drugs considered useful in improving the altered red blood cell deformability and/or in reducing the formation of red blood cell aggregates; among these are some xanthine derivatives (pentoxifylline) and some calcium-entry blockers used as antihistamines (cinnarizine and flunarizine). These considerations need an experimental verification based on in vitro and in vivo or ex vivo studies. PMID- 6673000 TI - [Methodological survey of whole blood filtration in the evaluation of erythrocyte deformability. I. Effect of temperature]. AB - We have demonstrated how temperature affects whole blood filterability. The filtration index appears to be dependent on temperature; the higher temperature is, the higher it rises. At body temperature of 37 degrees C the method resulted more reliable. PMID- 6673001 TI - [Methodological survey of whole blood filtration in the evaluation of erythrocyte deformability. II. Effect of preservation time at various temperatures]. AB - We have demonstrated how conservation time affects whole blood filterability. The filtration index decay appears just after withdrawal and is present, with different characteristics, both at room temperature and at 37 or 4 degrees C. It is absolutely necessary to take measurements immediately after blood withdrawal. PMID- 6673002 TI - [Methodological survey of whole blood filtration in the evaluation of erythrocyte deformability. III. Relative influence of various cellular components]. AB - We have counted the different types of blood cells before and immediately after filtration. During filtration, an almost equal quantity of each type of cells remained in the filter, with a slightly higher percentage of leucocytes. The problem regarding occlusion of filter pores should be considered in the light of these findings. PMID- 6673003 TI - [Methodological survey of erythrocyte filtration time]. AB - We measured the whole blood filtration time of 30 healthy subjects. The influence of hematocrit, fibrinogen, leucocyte and platelet count on filtration time was also evaluated. Multiple regression analysis did not demonstrate any effect of the above-mentioned parameters when they were separately considered. We have subsequently taken from the entire population a group of 14 subjects in which were simultaneously found values of hematocrit greater than or equal to 41%, fibrinogen greater than or equal to 210 mg/100 ml and platelet count greater than or equal to 250,000/mm3. The filtration time was significantly higher in this group (69 +/- 4 sec) than in the remaining 16 normal subjects (56 +/- 4 sec), p less than 0.05. These data suggest that the simultaneous variation of several parameters could modify the whole blood filtration time, while these parameters have no effect when taken separately. PMID- 6673004 TI - Isovolemic hemodilution as a functional therapy of decompensated arteriosclerotic stenoses of the femoral, cerebral and ophthalmic artery. AB - Isovolemic hemodilution, i.e. an intentionally induced anemia with strict replacement of red cell volume, represents a simple, effective and safe procedure to improve the fluidity of blood, especially under conditions of local or generalized low flow. After a short historical note on phlebotomy, the precursor therapy to hemodilution, the hemorheological theory proposed to explain the effects of hemodilution in the treatment of obliterative vascular diseases, is outlined. It is stressed that this procedure is not intended to reduce the 'viscosity' of blood in the conventional sense, but to counteract or abolish the thixotropic and pseudoplastic properties of human blood. These exist only at low shear stresses and only at normal or elevated hematocrit levels. Thence, hemodilution is induced to ensure maintenance of residual blood flow even if the shear stresses fall below subcritical levels in the poststenotic areas of the vascular beds. Compensatory mechanisms for the induced anemia, the effect of hemodilution on oxygen delivery to various organs is reviewed, and a short summary of the presently available clinical experience is given. PMID- 6673005 TI - [An outline for applying to human plasma classical theories on the viscosity of colloidal suspensions and macromolecular solutions (Kuhn, Simha, Taylor et al.). (A brief preliminary outline. I)]. AB - This methodological investigation is a formal and short outline of a rheological model for human plasma. Such a model proposal originates from equations and formulae for viscosity of colloidal suspensions and macromolecular solutions established by several authors (R. Simha, G. I. Taylor, W. and H. Kuhn). The model here proposed requires very hard oversimplifications and it may be considered as a semiempirical approach. PMID- 6673006 TI - [Assay of the thromborheological properties of blood by measurement of the filtration pressure of normal blood across polycarbonate filters]. AB - A simple test for the evaluation of the thromborheological properties of native blood was developed. The test measured the filtration pressure produced by the 24 sec passage of 1.5 ml of native blood through a polycarbonate filter with pores of 5 mu. Healthy subjects, patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis and patients with miscellaneous non-vascular disorders taking neither drugs active on red blood cell deformability nor on platelet and hemostatic functions were examined by this test. No correlations between filtration pressure of native blood and fibrinogen, PTT, factor VIIIR:Ag and hematocrit values were found. The results suggest that this test may be useful in the detection of thrombophilic patients and in monitoring the effectiveness of drugs known to be active on red blood cell deformability and/or on platelet and hemostatic functions. PMID- 6673007 TI - [Statistical study on the effect of erythrocyte aggregation on blood filterability]. AB - The values of erythrocyte aggregation (expressed as erythrocyte sedimentation rate corrected for plasma viscosity and hematocrit) were correlated with the values of blood filterability in a group of 165 healthy subjects and patients suffering for the most part from vascular disorders. A highly significant inverse correlation (r = -0.57, p less than 0.001) was observed between the two parameters, being a lower blood filterability correlated with a higher erythrocyte aggregation. PMID- 6673008 TI - [Relation of blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and hematocrit]. AB - The results from 398 consecutive measurements of blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and hematocrit were submitted to a statistical analysis. Hematocrit appeared to be the main determinant of blood viscosity, even though its influence was not so strong as illustrated in previous investigations. The correlation between blood viscosity and hematocrit appeared strictly connected with the red cell amount of the blood sample, being higher when the latter exceeded its physiological range; this correlation disappeared when red blood cell amount was strongly reduced, while the correlation between plasma viscosity and blood viscosity had an opposite behaviour. From these results we can conclude that correlations between hematocrit and plasma viscosity with blood viscosity have opposite trends and that a reciprocal interference is often present. PMID- 6673009 TI - [A small subpopulation of rigid erythrocytes changes the erythrocyte filtration test]. AB - By means of the filterability test of Reid et al., the influence of a subpopulation of rigid erythrocytes (5% and 2.5%, respectively) was studied using Nucleopore polycarbonate membranes with pore size of 5 mu and diameter of 13 mm. The addition of 5% and 2.5% of rigid red cells delays the erythrocyte filtration times and alters the red cell deformability index. The meaning of the obtained data is discussed. PMID- 6673010 TI - [The lack of correlation between erythrocyte filtration parameters and other hemorrheological parameters]. AB - The findings of 300 consecutive measurements of erythrocyte filterability, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and white blood cell count have been statistically analyzed in order to find a possible correlation between these parameters. No correlation between erythrocyte filterability, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and white blood cell count was found. Some hypotheses are enunciated to explain such absence of correlation. The meaning of erythrocyte filtration test is still unclear. PMID- 6673011 TI - [Hyperlipemia and erythrocyte filterability]. AB - The erythrocyte filterability was examined in 30 patients presenting identical values of fibrinogen and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (10 patients had normal values of lipemia, cholesterol and triglycerides and in the other 20 patients one or more of these parameters were altered). In the first group filterability values were homogeneous, while in the second group they were higher and widely dispersed. A close proportionality between the reduced filterability rate and cholesterolemic values was also found. PMID- 6673012 TI - [Erythrocyte deformability in chronic respiratory insufficiency]. AB - The red blood cell deformability was evaluated in 10 patients suffering from chronic respiratory failure and in 10 normal volunteers. Patients with chronic respiratory failure showed a pH of 7.36 +/- 0.04, a pCO2 of 48.7 +/- 7.3 mmHg and a pO2 of 61.2 +/- 10.2 mmHg and had a decreased red blood cell deformability if compared with normal volunteers (p less than 0.001). The red blood cell deformability of patients suffering from chronic respiratory failure showed a weak correlation with pO2 (r = 0.50, p less than 0.05). PMID- 6673013 TI - [Hemorrheological survey in dystrophia myotonica and other muscular dystrophies]. AB - We have determined the main hemorheological parameters in a group of patients suffering from myotonic dystrophy and in another group with oculopharyngeal or limb-girdle myopathy. From the results we have obtained it is evident that of all the rheological parameters considered only hematocrit, fibrinogen and fibrinogen/albumin ratio are different in patients with myotonic dystrophy when compared to that of normal controls. There were no variations in blood, plasma and serum viscosities and in erythrocyte filterability. In addition, hemorheological alterations were not present in patients with oculopharyngeal or limb-girdle myopathy. PMID- 6673014 TI - [Erythrocyte filterability in diabetes mellitus (a survey carried out by two methods)]. AB - In 45 diabetic patients (22 men and 23 women) subdivided in relation to type and vascular complications we have evaluated the erythrocyte filterability either by filtering whole blood (VRBC) or red blood cells suspended (5%) in autologous prefiltered plasma (deformability index). From the obtained results it is evident that VRBC is able to distinguish diabetic patients from normal subjects, whereas this does not happen with the deformability index. The explanation of these data is that the whole blood filterability, especially in diabetic patients, depends on the behavior of both cellular and plasmatic extraerythrocyte parameters. PMID- 6673015 TI - [Blood viscosity in diabetes mellitus (evaluation on the basis of high shear rates)]. AB - In 45 diabetic patients (22 men and 23 women) subdivided in relation to type and vascular complications we have evaluated the blood viscosity at high and low shear rates. From the obtained results it is evident that only at low shear rates this hemorheological parameter distinguishes diabetic patients from normal subjects and diabetic patients without vascular complications from those with these complications. This result is present only because these shear rates are dependent on the influence of the erythrocyte aggregation which is altered in the diabetic disease. PMID- 6673016 TI - [Blood viscosity and erythrocyte deformability in diabetic retinopathy]. AB - The whole blood and plasma viscosity, hematocrit and plasma fibrinogen were studied in 26 diabetic patients (11 with and 15 without retinopathy) and in 25 non-diabetic control subjects. Blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and plasma fibrinogen were significantly higher in diabetics than in controls, but no significant differences were found when diabetics with retinopathy were compared to diabetics without retinopathy. The red cell deformability was significantly reduced in diabetics if compared with that of controls; the statistical significance of this reduction was confirmed only in the group of diabetics with retinopathy, but failed when the group of diabetics without retinopathy was considered. PMID- 6673017 TI - [Changes in erythrocyte deformability following changes in oxido-reductive metabolism in diabetes mellitus]. AB - The enhanced sorbitol synthesis in diabetic red blood cells can lead to a depletion of NADPH and, by limiting the amount of GSH produced in the glutathione reductase step, can make the cell more susceptible to oxidant injury. Diabetic red blood cells have a shortened life span, as shown by the increase of creatine level. The osmotic resistance of diabetic erythrocytes was measured and the erythrocyte flexibility was studied using a filtration method in which the cells were forced, at a constant flow rate, through a polycarbonate membrane with 5-mu pores. The increased osmotic resistance and the impaired flexibility shown by diabetic red blood cells can be induced in normal cells by a treatment with SH reagents (diamide). This points to a redox state-mediated decrease in deformability and survival of diabetic erythrocytes. PMID- 6673018 TI - [Hemorrheological changes induced by submaximal exertion in subjects with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]. AB - The influence of an acute physical exercise on hemorheological parameters in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in not actually known. We have examined the behavior of hemorheological parameters and other laboratory findings such as blood glucose, blood lactic acid, O2 and CO2 venous pressure and venous pH before and after a submaximal physical exercise standardized by ECG monitoring and by means of an 'oxygen consumption computer'. The work load was significantly lower in diabetic patients than in normal control subjects. On the other hand, changes in hemorheological parameters were more evident in diabetic patients. The significance of these findings is also discussed. PMID- 6673019 TI - [Hemorrheological determinants and metabolic parameters in reactive hypertension caused by exertion]. AB - In a group of 31 healthy subjects submitted to the exercise test and subdivided according to the presence or absence of hypertensive reaction we have evaluated at rest, at the maximum of the exercise and at recovery the hemodynamic and metabolic parameters and the hemorheological determinants. From the obtained results it is evident that the hemorheological determinants in the two groups of subjects show an almost similar behavior and, in any case, they behave in a manner that the hemorheological pattern cannot be considered sufficient by itself for clarifying the physiopathological mechanism of the hypertensive reaction. PMID- 6673020 TI - [Evaluation of erythrocyte deformability in subjects with essential arterial hypertension]. AB - Red blood cell filtration rate was studied in patients with essential hypertension selected according to the homogeneity of parameters which could interfere with such a test. An increase of filtration time in control subjects was put in evidence both in patients without vascular complications and in patients with cerebrovascular diseases; no significant difference was seen between the two groups. The red cell filterability behavior can be correlated to hypertension and is an expression of red cell deformability alterations. The variation of this hemorheological parameter could be better defined by an improvement of the red cell filterability test and by further studies on the membrane function in essential hypertension. PMID- 6673022 TI - [Hemorrheological factors in the developmental stages of peripheral arterial occlusive diseases]. AB - It was our aim to evaluate the degree of impairment of the blood rheological properties according to the clinical stage of peripheral occlusive arterial disease. From the 2nd to the 4th clinical stage the following hemorheological changes were observed: a progressive increase of whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation and plasma fibrinogen levels, as well as a progressive decrease of erythrocyte filterability. PMID- 6673021 TI - [Erythrocyte filtration in acute myocardial infarction]. AB - In 12 patients with acute myocardial infarction we have studied the behavior of the red blood cell filterability using polycarbonate membranes of 13 mm diameter with pores of 5 mu diameter according to the Reid's method. The samples were drawn soon afterwards the admission and successively every 48 h for a period of about 12 days. In the meantime, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen, leukocyte, platelet and alpha 2-macroglobulin changes have been determined. The average initial filterability values in patients with infarction were 0.84 +/- 0.20, while in control subjects were 0.58 +/- 0.15. During the observation period, a statistically significant increase of filterability after 48 h (1.06 +/ 0.24) and after 96 h (0.88 +/- 0.21) was observed. Using the statistical analysis we have noticed a strong correlation among filterability and leukocytes and ESR. The effect of leukocytes is due to the reduction of membrane pores through which red blood cells filter. The correlation with the ESR shows the presence of a plasma factor different from fibrinogen and capable of transforming the red blood cell aggregation by reducing their filterability. PMID- 6673023 TI - [Clinical value of hemorrheology in peripheral arterial occlusive diseases]. AB - The authors report their study on the red blood cell deformability of 30 patients with isolated and combined obstructive lesions in both aorto-iliac and femoral trunk, performed before and after the exercise test. Such a test does not significantly change the deformability in normal patients while, on the contrary, the exercise test significantly changes the deformability in patients affected by atherosclerotic disease. Furthermore, in the experience of the authors the decrease of the deformability is directly related to the degree of the circulatory impairment. PMID- 6673024 TI - [Preliminary study on erythrocyte filterability and other hemorrheological parameters in arteriosclerotic vascular disease]. AB - Red blood cell filterability, platelet aggregation and blood fibrinogen levels were evaluated in 46 vasculopathic patients with a history of peripheral insufficiency (15 subjects), cerebral insufficiency (16 subjects) and coronary insufficiency (15 subjects). In comparison with a control group of 24 normal subjects, filterability was depressed, platelet aggregation was enhanced and there was a higher plasma concentration of fibrinogen even one month after the last clinical episode of acute ischemia. PMID- 6673025 TI - [Multi-distributed ischemia and degree of hemorrheological changes]. AB - A hemorheological study has been carried out in patients suffering from peripheral occlusive arterial disease alone or associated with occlusive arterial disease of the epiaortic vessels or with ischemic heart disease. Significantly more severe hemorheological impairments of whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and erythrocyte filterability have been observed in patients with ischemia of two vascular districts than in patients with peripheral ischemia alone. PMID- 6673026 TI - [Influence of age factors on the rheological properties of blood in healthy subjects and those with vascular disease]. AB - The main hemorheological factors (whole blood and plasma viscosity, hematocrit, erythrocyte aggregation and filterability, plasma fibrinogen concentration) have been examined in apparently healthy subjects and in vascular patients divided into different groups of age. Whereas in healthy subjects a progressive alteration of the hemorheological factors has been observed from adult to senile age, in vascular patients a similar behavior resulted only from the comparison between subjects of the 7th and the 8th decade of age and subjects of the 6th decade, while no significant changes were found between patients of the 7th decade and patients of the 8th decade of age. PMID- 6673027 TI - [Can normovolemic hemodilution really modify blood flow in the limbs?]. AB - A clinical study on the effects of the normovolemic hemodilution on hemorheological and peripheral hemodynamic parameters has been carried out in patients with peripheral obliterative arterial disease. Two sessions have been performed: the acute test consisted in daily normovolemic hemodilutions for a period of 7 days in 10 patients with the determination of hemorheological and peripheral hemodynamic parameters before and after each treatment. A chronic study was then carried out in 8 patients by applying weekly normovolemic hemodilutions, by evaluating the hemorheological parameters as in the first session and by measuring the peripheral hemodynamic parameters at the beginning, after 5 weeks and at the end of the treatment. The results are reported and the possible mechanism of action of normovolemic hemodilution is discussed. PMID- 6673029 TI - [Erythrocyte filterability and treatment with pentoxifylline]. AB - The purpose of our study was to verify the possibility of obtaining a reduction in the erythrocyte filtration rate and an improvement in the O2 tissue uptake in twenty patients suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and diabetic angiopathy, randomly divided in two groups receiving pentoxifylline (1,200 mg/day for 30 days) or a placebo solution, respectively. The erythrocyte filtration rate decreased in patients treated with pentoxifylline and the difference of erythrocyte filtration rate between the two groups was statistically significant. PMID- 6673028 TI - [Use of pentoxifylline in diabetes with intermittent claudication]. AB - The authors have investigated the effect of pentoxifylline administration (400 mg in three doses) in diabetic subjects with lower limb vasculopathy. The results have shown a marked improvement in clinical symptoms and VRBC and a slight improvement in fibrinogen and blood lipid levels. PMID- 6673030 TI - [Erythrocyte filterability in Raynaud's disease]. AB - Hemorheological changes were more recently believed to be responsible for the pathogenesis of the Raynaud's phenomenon. In order to verify such changes, the authors report the data on red blood cell deformability obtained from a study performed in 8 patients with cold-induced Raynaud's phenomenon. From the evaluation of these data it seems likely that hemorheological changes observed during the phenomenon are the consequence of the ischemia and not vice versa. PMID- 6673031 TI - [Hemorrheology and neurovascular syndromes of the extremities]. AB - The hemorheological factors of subjects affected by Raynaud's syndrome, by sclerodermia and by acrocyanosis have been compared with those of normal control subjects. The patients with Raynaud's syndrome and those with acrocyanosis, besides the phenomenon of critical ischemia, do not show any significant hemorheological difference in comparison with normal control subjects. In patients suffering from Raynaud's syndrome secondary to sclerodermic disease, an increased blood viscosity due to plasma hyperviscosity secondary to increased plasma fibrinogen levels, an increased erythrocyte aggregation and a reduced red blood cell filterability have been observed. PMID- 6673032 TI - [Erythrocyte deformability in subjects with microangiopathy caused by vibrating tools]. AB - A research on hemorheological and microvascular behavior with regard to the red blood cell filterability determined by the Teitel-Reid-Dormandy technique has been performed on 15 subjects with microangiopathy due to vibrating tools, who were hospitalized at the Work Medicine Institute of the 2nd Medical Faculty of Naples University. The results pointed out an increase of filtration times and a consequent decrease of blood flow, as opposed to the control group. As a conclusion of the research, the authors were in the opinion that in the vibrating tool syndrome, in addition to the hemodynamic elements, the hemorheological components of the microcirculation should also be primarily evaluated alongside red blood cell filterability. PMID- 6673033 TI - [Combined instrumental evaluation of microangiopathy caused by vibrating tools]. AB - A clinico-instrumental study has been carried out on 15 subjects who had been hospitalized for microangiopathy due to vibrating tools at the Work Medicine Institute of the 2nd Medical Faculty of Naples University. Various instrumental methods (in vivo nailbed microscopy, conjunctival biomicroscopy, finger photoplethysmography, hand-contact thermography) were employed. As a conclusion of the research and from the obtained results it is assumed that the evaluation of the various methods, as far as the microangiopathy due to vibrating tools is concerned, should be performed in a critical and exhaustive way. However, the in vivo nailbed microscopy integrated by conjunctival biomicroscopy seems to represent the most sensitive indicator of microcirculatory disorders in differentiating conditions of general microvascular pathology and for a more precise diagnosis and appropriate therapy. PMID- 6673034 TI - [Changes in conjunctival microcirculation in arteriosclerotic disease]. AB - We have studied by biomicroscopy the changes of microcirculation in bulbar conjunctiva during arteriosclerosis and in the early stage of this pathological condition. PMID- 6673036 TI - [Sanitary condition and quality of food in workers dining rooms]. PMID- 6673035 TI - [Model of proper nutrition in the opinion of Warsaw adolescents (relationship to sex and social environment]. PMID- 6673037 TI - [Evaluation of the sanitary-hygienic conditions of the food storage rooms on selected ships of the Polish Merchant Marine]. PMID- 6673038 TI - [Nutritional value of the daily rations of adolescents living in boarding schools]. PMID- 6673039 TI - [Attempt to evaluate the quality of milk for consumption in several hospitals in Bydgoszcz]. PMID- 6673040 TI - [Evaluation of selenium consumption based on the complex process of metabolism of this microelement]. PMID- 6673041 TI - [Concentration of iron, zinc, tin, copper, lead and arsenic in Polish beers]. PMID- 6673042 TI - [Analysis of the concentration of nitrates and nitrites in selected vegetables from the soil of Szczecin Province]. PMID- 6673043 TI - [Evaluation of the precision and accuracy of a modified method of determining nitrates and nitrites in milk]. PMID- 6673044 TI - [Detection and determination of pesticides in subsurface waters]. PMID- 6673045 TI - [Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD's) during pyrolysis of chlorophenols and certain herbicides produced in Poland]. PMID- 6673046 TI - [School absenteeism by 1st and 3rd grade students in urban primary schools and rural collective schools]. PMID- 6673047 TI - The effect of clindamycin on the intestinal flora in patients with enteric hyperoxaluria. AB - Enteric hyperoxaluria is due to increased absorption of oxalate, especially in the colon. However, this mechanism is not fully understood. Little is also known about the composition of the intestinal flora in these patients. Eleven patients with hyperoxaluria (greater than 0.45 mmol/24 h) after jejunoileal bypass were therefore studied under surgical ward conditions for 5 days. The patients were maintained on a constant diet. During days 3, 4, and 5 clindamycin (Dalacina), 1.8 g/24 h, was given parenterally in three divided doses. All patients had hyperoxaluria, with a mean oxalate absorption of 0.94 +/- 0.09 mmol/24 h (+/- SEM). No significant disturbances in the colonic microflora were found. The degree of hyperoxaluria did not change during clindamycin administration, in spite of a significant decrease in the number of anaerobic bacteria. Our patients with enteric hyperoxaluria seem to have a normal colonic microflora. The degree of hyperoxaluria did not seem to be related to changes in the intestinal anaerobic flora. PMID- 6673048 TI - Solid-bolus passage in patients with pathological oesophageal acid clearing. AB - To evaluate the mean transit time of a solid bolus in 17 patients with prolonged acid clearing, a scintigraphic non-invasive technique was used. Sticking of the bolus in the middle third of the oesophagus was a common feature in these patients as compared with normals. Thus, the deteriorated transport pattern of a solid bolus in patients with prolonged acid clearing is not acidification dependent. The catheter-intubated oesophagus showed a significantly (p less than 0.01) lower tendency for sticking as compared with prior intubation, whereas acidification of the oesophagus increased the sticking tendency significantly (p less than 0.01) as compared with the intubated oesophagus without acid. The evaluation of mean transit times was of no value because of the frequency of sticking. The fact that intubation improves the passage must be kept in mind when studies of solid bolus are performed in intubated patients. PMID- 6673049 TI - Capillary filtration in the small intestine after irradiation. An experimental study in the cat. AB - Capillary filtration in the experimentally irradiated small intestine of the cat was studied by measuring the capillary filtration coefficient (CFC). Segments of the small intestine were exposed to X rays of 15, 20, or 25 Gy and studied during the acute gastrointestinal radiation syndrome (4th day) and later (1 and 4 months). On the 4th day CFC had decreased to less than 60% of the original value. Increasing doses resulted in decreasing CFC. One month after irradiation CFC increased, but not to normal levels. After 4 months no further improvement was observed. With the higher doses a secondary decrease in CFC appeared, which might indicate a late effect of irradiation on capillary function. PMID- 6673050 TI - Selected bacterial antibodies in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. AB - Agglutinins to four strains of anaerobic gram-positive coccoid rods (species of Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus and Coprococcus) were found in significantly higher frequency in Crohn's disease (CD) than in ulcerative colitis (UC) and in other diseased control subjects and were virtually absent in apparently healthy subjects. When the posterior probability of having CD was calculated on the basis of these agglutination reactions, 64% of patients with CD and 34% of patients with UC but only 10% of diseased controls and none of the healthy controls were regarded as 'probable' or 'definite' cases of CD. However, the posterior probability of CD did not sharply differentiate between CD and UC but indicated chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Factors contributing to the appearance of these agglutinins in CD were also evaluated. The findings would indicate the importance of a damaged intestinal mucosal barrier for the production of these agglutinins, provided the antigens are present in the intestine. No significant differences were observed between the occurrence of antibodies to pseudomonas like organisms (PLO) in CD and the various control groups. The study could not add further evidence to the hypothesis of a possible aetiopathogenic role of PLO in CD. PMID- 6673051 TI - Computer tomography of the abdomen in patients with uncharacteristic abdominal disturbances. AB - Computer tomography (CT) was performed on 48 patients with uncharacteristic abdominal disturbances. Pathological CT findings were encountered in five patients, namely hepatic steatosis in three patients, liver metastases in one, and occlusion of the inferior vena cava in one. CT may be indicated in patients with uncharacteristic abdominal disorders when other investigations are negative. In some patients the negative result of the CT examination for organic disease was of great importance for the psychiatric approach to these patients' psychosomatic disease. In spite of this, the positive yield of abdominal CT seems to be highest when other less expensive examinations or tests have suggested abnormality of abdominal organs. PMID- 6673052 TI - Plasma cobalamin and transcobalamin in patients with primary carcinoma of the liver. A study from Thailand. AB - Of 37 patients with histologically verified hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from Bangkok, Thailand, 34 had raised values of plasma cobalamin, and 1 presented with a markedly increased value of plasma transcobalamin I (TC I). One patient with clinical malignancy of the liver, not proven histologically to be HCC, had a raised plasma cobalamin value and a markedly increased value of TC I. From our own studies and from studies in the literature we find circumstantial evidence that TC I occasionally is produced by the malignant liver cells in HCC. PMID- 6673053 TI - Portal blood flow in man during surgery, measured by a modification of the continuous thermodilution method. AB - The continuous thermodilution method was applied to measurement of peroperative portal venous blood flow in man in relation to hepatic surgery during steady state enflurane nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Portal-vein catheterization through the umbilical vein for cytostatic administration and blood flow measurements was successful in 14 out of 17 patients with primary or secondary liver tumours. Mean portal blood flow was 1195 +/- 179 ml X min-1 (mean +/- SEM), corresponding to 17.6 +/- 2.9 ml X min-1 X kg-1 body weight. Mean oxygen consumption in the prehepatic splanchnic area was 0.27 +/- 0.04 ml X min-1 X kg-1. No significant complications were associated with the catheterization or flow recording procedures. The described method offers possibilities for haemodynamic and pharmacokinetic investigations in man. PMID- 6673054 TI - Enzyme activities in human and rat jejunal mucosa. AB - To define reproducible conditions for the homogenization of small-intestinal biopsy samples, tissue homogenization has been studied by the use of three different homogenizers. Tissue samples of increasing wet weights (0.5-10.8 mg) were homogenized in a fixed volume (1 ml) before DNA and protein were determined. The DNA to protein ratio was calculated for all wet weights and used as a measure for reproducible homogenization. The minimum tissue wet weight needed for analysis (2 mg) was determined from the values obtained for the DNA to protein ratio. Highly sensitive techniques are described in detail for the assay of brush border (maltase, lactase, sucrase, neutral alpha-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase), basolateral membrane (5'-nucleotidase), and mitochondrial (succinate dehydrogenase) marker enzymes and for four acid hydrolases (acid phosphatase, acid beta-D-galactosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, acid diesterase) in human and rat jejunal mucosa. Linear kinetics have been established for all enzyme assays. The optimal dilution of tissue homogenate for the assay of the various enzymes has been determined to enable the determination of a maximum number of enzymes in each homogenate. The range of enzyme activities in samples of human and rat jejunal mucosa has been determined. PMID- 6673055 TI - Jejunal mucosal enzymes in untreated and treated coeliac disease. AB - A series of marker enzymes for brush borders, basolateral membrane, and lysosomes were assayed in mucosal biopsy specimens from patients with untreated and treated coeliac disease and from controls. The brush border enzymes lactase, sucrase, neutral alpha-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, and leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase showed reduced activities in the untreated state and complete or partial normalization during treatment. The lysosomal marker enzyme acid phosphatase increased in activity in untreated coeliac disease and was normalized by treatment. The brush border enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase was nearly normal in untreated patients and slightly increased in treated patients. The basolateral membrane marker, 5'-nucleotidase, was reduced both in untreated and treated patients, whereas the lysosomal marker N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase was normal in the untreated state and decreased during treatment. The possible pathogenetic role of the three latter enzymes in coeliac disease is discussed. The patterns of the other enzymes are suggested to be attributable to the morphologic changes in the mucosa. PMID- 6673056 TI - A description of diagnostic strategies in jaundice. AB - Diagnostic strategies applied in 144 consecutive patients with jaundice were investigated. Diagnostic hypotheses formed on the basis of initial data--history, physical findings, and results of routine laboratory tests--enabled the clinician to adopt a single-target strategy in 75 patients and a multi-target strategy in 61 patients. Four patients died very early in the course of events and another four were excluded from analysis because they were judged not to benefit from further investigations. The single-target strategy, in which the clinician explored one diagnostic hypothesis only, often led to a short diagnostic process (mean, 11 days), and in 89% of the patients the clinician's hypothesis was correct. In the multi-target strategy several diagnostic hypotheses were evaluated. In these patients the correct diagnosis was included in the first set of hypotheses in 84%, and the mean duration of the diagnostic process was 25 days. Patients with cholestatic jaundice presented the most difficult diagnostic problem, and most of these were investigated by a multi-target strategy. The possibility of an extrahepatic obstruction often forced the clinician to use invasive procedures to rule out this diagnosis. Considerable time was spent in observing the clinical course and waiting for investigations to be carried out. To reduce the investigative cost, controlled studies of diagnostic value and optimal order of investigations are warranted. PMID- 6673057 TI - Association between HLA-B40 and acute alcoholic hepatitis with cirrhosis and the lack of relation between carcinoembryonic antigen and HLA antigens in alcoholic liver disease. AB - The frequency of HLA-B40 was significantly increased in 30 patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis with cirrhosis (63%) and in 60 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis with or without acute alcoholic hepatitis (48%) compared with its frequency in 234 healthy blood donors (18%). The HLA-B40 frequency was not increased in 20 patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis without cirrhosis (0%), in 41 patients with fatty liver infiltration (12%), or in 67 alcoholics with moderate biochemical abnormalities (19%). The association between HLA-B40 and alcoholic liver cirrhosis and acute alcoholic hepatitis with cirrhosis favors the idea that these disorders might be genetically determined. There was, however, no difference in the distribution of the HLA antigens in 54 patients with different degrees of alcoholic liver disease and an elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) value of greater than or equal to 5.0 micrograms/l compared with 61 alcoholics with different degrees of liver disease and a normal CEA value. Thus, the results of HLA-A and -B typing gave no evidence of genetic susceptibility to develop a CEA elevation in patients with alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 6673058 TI - Prednisolone pharmacokinetics and protein-binding in patients with portosystemic shunt. AB - The pharmacokinetics and protein-binding of orally administered prednisolone have been studied in seven patients with chronic liver disease and portosystemic shunts. The peak prednisolone serum concentration and the time of peak prednisolone concentration were similar to those found in normal subjects, indicating that there is no clinically significant first-pass metabolism of prednisolone. The elimination half-time and the extent of bioavailability of total prednisolone tended to be lower in the patients, and the extent of free, unbound prednisolone higher, but the differences were not statistically significant. The patients had a significantly lower serum protein-binding of prednisolone than the controls. Despite the decreased protein-binding in the patients, however, the results indicate that changes occur in the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone that tend to reduce the bioavailability of free, biologically active prednisolone towards that seen in healthy subjects. Reduction of the prednisolone dose is therefore not indicated in patients with portosystemic shunt and chronic liver disease, even in the presence of hypoalbuminemia. PMID- 6673059 TI - Cimetidine--an antifibrinolytic agent? AB - The mucosal fibrinolytic activity was estimated in 14 patients with duodenal ulcer before and after 4 weeks' treatment with cimetidine. A significant reduction in fibrinolytic activity in the corpus and antrum mucosa was found after treatment. In patients with healed ulcer after treatment, the activity was lower than in patients with unhealed ulcers, but no significance was proved. Similarly, in five patients with gastric ulcer, reduction in fibrinolytic activity was found after cimetidine treatment but in the corpus mucosa only. The fibrinolytic activity in the mucosa is caused by plasmin. Whether this antifibrinolytic property of cimetidine is of any importance in the treatment of ulcer disease is still unknown. PMID- 6673060 TI - Pulmonary hydrogen and methane and plasma ammonia after the administration of lactulose or sorbitol. AB - The gut microfloral metabolism of sorbitol and lactulose was investigated in 10 healthy control subjects and 10 patients with cirrhosis of the liver, by measuring the pulmonary excretion of the fermentational gases hydrogen and methane during 3 h. A possible acute effect on venous plasma ammonia after a single dose of sorbitol or lactulose was also investigated. No significant difference in fermentation gas excretion was found after ingestion of sorbitol compared with lactulose in healthy controls or cirrhotic patients (p greater than 0.05). Neither sorbitol nor lactulose had significant effect on plasma ammonia concentrations during the first 3 h after ingestion. These findings indicate that both sorbitol and lactulose are extensively fermented by the colonic flora and that the possibility of replacing lactulose with the much cheaper sorbitol in the treatment of portal-systemic encephalopathy ought to be investigated. The suggested acute gut-ammonia trapping effect of lactulose caused by acidification of the gut lumen from fermentative end-products was not supported by the present findings. PMID- 6673061 TI - Serum lysozyme in inflammatory gastric and enteric diseases and in functional dyspepsia. AB - Serum lysozyme was reevaluated in inflammatory bowel disease and other gastrointestinal disorders. A total of 109 patients were divided into six groups: ulcerative colitis (28), Crohn's disease (9), simple atrophic gastritis (16), atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia (23), functional dyspepsia (17), and controls (16). Elevated levels of lysozyme, compared with control levels, were found not only in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease but also in atrophic gastritis with or without pernicious anemia and in functional dyspepsia. The elevation of lysozyme, since it results from the product of granulocytes and macrophages present in increased amounts in the mucosa of inflammatory bowel diseases, is easily explained. The cellular infiltration in atrophic gastritis may also explain the elevated lysozyme levels. The higher lysozyme levels in some patients with functional dyspepsia could possibly reflect an underlying latent inflammatory process. PMID- 6673062 TI - Tube for sampling of uncontaminated small-bowel juice. AB - A tube system for the collection of uncontaminated small-bowel juice is described. It consists of an outer guide tube, its distal end being closed by a membrane, and an inner aspiration tube. When the outer tube is placed at the desired site of aspiration, the membrane is perforated by advancing the sterile inner tube. The device was tested in 90 healthy human volunteers. The procedure was completely or partly unsuccessful in 9 cases (95% confidence limits, 4.7 18.0). Median intubation time was 12 min; range, 5-14 min. The time used for aspiration of 5 ml of intestinal juice varied from 1 to 30 min; median, 10 min. The site of aspiration in jejunum distal to the ligament of Treitz varied from 0 to 14 cm; median, 3 cm. No complications of the procedure were registered. PMID- 6673063 TI - Evaluation of gliadin antibodies for detection of coeliac disease. AB - To evaluate assay of gliadin antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes as a test for detection of coeliac disease, we analysed sera from 36 adult patients and 8 children with coeliac disease, 62 patients with other gastrointestinal diseases, and 124 blood donors with diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA). Depending on the choice of reference levels for gliadin antibodies of the IgA and IgG classes, respectively, we found a diagnostic sensitivity for coeliac disease of 93-86% and a diagnostic specificity of 95 100%. Determination of gliadin antibodies by DIG-ELISA can thus be used as a test for detection of coeliac disease and selection of patients for small-intestinal biopsy. PMID- 6673064 TI - Oral testosterone load related to liver function in men with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. AB - The relation between liver function and an oral testosterone load was examined in 42 consecutive patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Administration of an oral load of 400 mg micronized free testosterone increased the serum concentration of testosterone (range, 31.9-694.4 nmol/l; median, 140.8 nmol/l) in male patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis to significantly (P less than 0.01) higher levels than in male subjects without liver disease (range, 25.4-106.6 nmol/l; median, 61.5 nmol/l). The increase of testosterone after the load (log delta testosterone) in patients correlated inversely with galactose elimination capacity (r = 0.54; P less than 0.001), serum albumin (r = -0.53; P less than 0.001), plasma factor II + VII + X (r = 0.62; P less than 0.001), indocyanine green clearance (r = -0.71; P less than 0.001), and hepatic blood flow (r = 0.61; P less than 0.01) and correlated directly with wedged-to-free hepatic vein pressure (r = +0.54; P less than 0.01). The increase of testosterone after the load did not correlate significantly with sex hormone-binding globulin (r = +0.35; P greater than 0.05). It is concluded that the hepatic extraction of testosterone is significantly decreased in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. This decrease seems to be due to decreased liver function, decreasing hepatic blood flow, and increased portosystemic shunting. Oral testosterone loading may therefore be of prognostic significance in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. PMID- 6673065 TI - A radioimmunoassay for rat pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor. AB - A radioimmunoassay for the detection of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) in the rat is described. The sensitivity of the assay enables the specific measurement of this inhibitor in the serum of normal rats. The average base-line value for multiple animal serum specimens taken from fasting female Wistar rats being fed conventional diets was 11.6 +/- 6.2 micrograms/l. The inhibitor existed in its free form in serum, and PSTI immunoreactivity increased significantly within 2 h of the induction of experimental pancreatitis. The present assay will facilitate the study of PSTI in experimental diseases of the pancreas. PMID- 6673066 TI - The effect of ileotransversostomy on carrageenan-induced colitis in guinea pigs. AB - By oral administration of degraded carrageenan a colitis-like disease can be induced in guinea pigs which almost exclusively affects the caecum. To study the effect of degraded carrageenan on the distal colon and rectum, an ileotransversostomy was performed. In the non-operated group of animals ulcerative lesions and changes in the mucosal surface structure were observed only in the caecum and proximal colon after administration of degraded carrageenan. Animals with ileotransversostomy had similar lesions, but the distal colon and rectum were also severely affected, with formation of crypt abscesses in the rectum. This study indicates that the long transit time in the caecum, which enables bacterial decomposition and/or absorption of degraded carrageenan, is the reason that only the proximal colon is affected in non-operated animals. After ileotransversostomy degraded carrageenan reaches the distal colon in an active form that produces ulcerative changes. PMID- 6673067 TI - Kupffer cells inhibit the lymphoproliferative response to antigenic stimulation by rat hepatocytes. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were immunized with liver-specific protein. Kupffer cells and hepatocytes were prepared by the enzyme digestive procedure, and macrophage depleted lymphocytes were prepared by the glass adherence method. Lymphocytes were incubated with macrophages or with Kupffer cells during the antigenic stimulation of mitomycin-C-treated hepatocytes for 90 h, and 3H-thymidine incorporation of lymphocytes was analyzed. The proliferation of lymphocytes cultured with macrophages was increased, but the proliferation of lymphocytes cultured with Kupffer cells was decreased in the rats immunized with liver specific protein. And cytotoxicity to hepatocytes was increased after lymphocyte Kupffer cell culture in the immunized rats. On the other hand, the proliferation of lymphocytes and cytotoxicity to hepatocytes were not significantly increased in normal rats. In the immunized rats lymphocytes cultured with macrophages showed a proliferative response to the membrane of hepatocytes, but inhibition of the lymphoproliferative response by Kupffer cells is considered to be due to destruction of hepatocytes (and thereby removal of antigen). PMID- 6673068 TI - Fasting and postprandial serum concentrations of glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids in Crohn's disease. AB - Fasting and postprandial serum concentrations of glycine and taurine conjugates of cholic, chenodeoxycholic, and deoxycholic acid were measured with a high pressure liquid chromatographic-enzymatic assay in 17 patients with ileal Crohn's disease and in 17 controls. The postprandial concentrations of the taurine conjugated bile acids in the patients were significantly lower than in the controls, whereas the concentrations of the glycine conjugates were not significantly different. The total glycine to taurine ratios of serum bile acids were significantly higher in the patients (means, 2.9 fasting and 4.8 postprandial) than in the controls (1.9 and 2.6). Of the patients, 65% had a postprandial total G/T ratio of serum bile acids which was above the control interval. PMID- 6673069 TI - The effect of highly selective vagotomy on sick-listing in peptic ulcer patients. AB - The amount of sick-listing in 75 patients operated on with highly selective vagotomy (HSV) was studied during two periods, the first consisting of 12 months and ending 1 year before operation and the second period, also consisting of 12 months, starting 1 year after operation. Patients with suspected ulcer recurrences were excluded and only patients who, at the 1-year postoperative follow-up study, were without symptoms suggestive of ulcer recurrence are included. The median amount of sick days was 31.3 for the period preceding and 37.2 (NS) after the operation. Before operation 60% of all sick-leave diagnoses were ulcer or gastritis, compared with 20% after operation. A 50% increase in infectious diseases and lumbago occurred. Psychiatric disorders rose from 1 to 16 occasions. We therefore conclude that patients apparently cured of chronic ulcer disease change target and develop symptoms elsewhere. The study shows no potential economic benefits of HSV, at least not with regard to a diminishing amount of sick days after operation. PMID- 6673070 TI - Age behaviour of gastric acid secretion in males and females with a normal antral and body mucosa. AB - In males with a normal gastric mucosa the acid secretion expressed in terms of fat-free body weight (FFB) shows a random distribution with age, whereas in females there is a significant increase. To explain this sex-related discrepancy, we examined maximal pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid output (AO) and the parietal cell density (P) and thickness (T) in 50 males and 50 females with a normal antral and body mucosa randomly collected from a representative Finnish population sample. Two alternatives were considered: 1) the parietal cell reactivity remains constant, and the age variation in females is due to an increase in the total parietal cell mass, 2) the age variation in females is due to an increase in the reactivity of parietal cells, the total parietal cell mass (P X T X body area (A)) remaining constant. Starting from the first alternative, P and T were measured and showed no correlation with age in males and a decrease in females. The variable A is, according to the formula, expressed by the ratio AO/P X T, and this ratio shows an expected significant correlation with AO in both males and females. However, the variable A showed a significant increase with age in females but not in males. In view of the results of Cox that A should not vary with age, the present results suggest that the ratio AO/P X T in females must include, in addition to body area, other variables, such as the reactivity of parietal cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6673071 TI - Regulation of cholesterol synthesis in jejunal absorptive cells of the rat. AB - Cholesterol metabolism was studied in jejunal mucosa of the rat with special emphasis on cholesterol synthesis of villous cells, the site of intestinal lipid absorption. The type of diet and nutritional state clearly affected the cholesterologenesis of villous cells. Consequently, the incorporation of 14C acetate into nonsaponifiable lipids (NSL; includes squalene and sterols) decreased in the following order of magnitude: 1) fat-free diet supplemented with safflower oil (FFD-SO), 2) FFD alone, 3) standard rat chow, 4) 1% cholesterol in FFD-S(, 5) total fast. Both the cholesterol feeding and the fast increased the total cholesterol concentrations in the villous cells, but the concentrations were unaffected by the other diets. In rats fed FFD-SO diet the cholesterol synthesis was significantly higher in the villous than in the crypt cells, although the cellular cholesterol concentrations were similar. The hepatic cholesterol synthesis from 14C-acetate was low in rats fed FFD-SO as compared with chow diet, whereas the incorporation of 14C-acetate into hepatic fatty acids and the incorporation of 3H-mevalonate into NSL were not affected by the diet. 5% cholestyramine had no significant effect on the cholesterol synthesis or cholesterol concentrations of the villous cells during high (FFD-SO diet) or low cholesterol synthesis (chow or cholesterol feeding). FFD-SO increased serum total cholesterol compared with chow diet and total fast, whereas cholestyramine and cholesterol feeding had no effect. Intraperitoneal administration of the hypocholesterolemic agent, 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine, to fasting rats decreased markedly crypt cell cholesterol and increased cholesterol synthesis in the crypt cells and in the villous cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6673072 TI - A predictor analysis of clinical assessment of outcome among patients operated on for duodenal ulcer. A 1-year prospective study. AB - During a period of 1 year, data concerning life events, non-specific psychological symptoms, individual social history, and ulcer history were obtained for consecutive cases of patients about to have elective surgical treatment for duodenal ulcer. At the 1-year follow-up examination a blind, clinical evaluation was performed (dumping, dyspepsia, recurrence, and Visick grading), and information concerning the 94 patients' assessment of outcome was obtained. A multivariate predictor analysis was performed. Most patients (85%) benefited from treatment. The excess rate of non-specific psychological symptoms indicating impairment remained unchanged. The patients assessments of outcome were correlated with the clinical assessment. A positive correlation was found for women to have dumping and poor Visick grade and for unmarried persons to have postoperative dyspepsia and a poor Visick grade. A negative correlation between a long ulcer history and postoperative dyspepsia and a positive correlation between pyloroplasty and dumping were found. Non-specific psychological symptoms predicted poor clinical assessments. It is suggested that it is relevant to apply the patients' assessments for the purpose of evaluation, supplementing the clinical assessment of the more biomedical aspects of outcome. PMID- 6673073 TI - Recurrence rate after surgical treatment of Crohn's disease. AB - In an unselected series of 207 consecutive patients with Crohn's disease diagnosed between 1958 and 1974, 170 underwent a resection of all the macroscopically involved bowel ('radically' resected). Two patients died during the first postoperative month. The crude recurrence rate for the surviving 168 patients was 49%. The cumulative recurrence rate, calculated by the actuarial method, was 53% at 15 years. Age, sex, length of preoperative disease history, localization of the lesions in the bowel, and primary surgical procedures performed had no influence on the recurrence rate. However, the histopathological appearance of the resection margins seemed to influence the prognosis, since the presence of ulcers and/or granulomas was correlated with a significantly increased recurrence rate. PMID- 6673074 TI - Gastric mucosal erosions. An endoscopic, histological, and functional study. AB - Gastric erosions were detected in 404 patients in an elective gastroscopic series of 3837 patients. One hundred and seventeen patients with predominant erosion findings were examined in detail, and the results compared with those of age- and sex-matched controls. No difference was observed between patients and controls with regard to antral and body gastritis. The complete (type I) erosions were different from the other erosion types. They were more often located in the body mucosa (p less than 0.001), and foveolar hyperplasia (p less than 0.025) and hyperplastic polyps (p less than 0.01) and characteristics of A gastritis in the surrounding mucosa were common. The erosion patients had a higher acid secretion capacity than the corresponding controls (p less than 0.005), but with regard to the type of erosion, only the patients with incomplete (type IIb) erosions differed statistically significantly from the corresponding controls (p less than 0.005). PMID- 6673075 TI - Plasma concentration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide during prolonged physical exercise, calorie supply deficiency, and sleep deprivation. AB - Twenty-four military cadets went through a 5-day period of heavy physical exercise (35% of max O2 uptake), severe calorie supply deficiency (about 36,000 kJ/24 h), and sleep deprivation (2 h of sleep as a total during 5 days). Some cadets compensated for the caloric deficiency, whereas others partly compensated for the sleep deprivation. Fasting and meal- and glucose-induced changes in the plasma concentration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were measured on separate days during the course and 8 h after the course was finished (day 6). Fasting plasma concentration of VIP increased two- to five-fold during the course, with the highest increase on day 2. The calorie-compensated subjects showed a smaller increase than those who did not receive any calorie or sleep compensation. Intake of a meal or glucose solution lowered the VIP concentration in plasma within 30-60 min to the concentrations found in the control experiments performed several weeks after the course. The results indicate a role of VIP as 'a polypeptide of substrate need'. PMID- 6673076 TI - Abdominal ultrasonography in patients with uncharacteristic abdominal symptoms. AB - Ultrasonography (US) was performed in a prospective study of 48 patients with uncharacteristic abdominal symptoms. All patients had been examined in other hospitals, but no diagnosis had been established. Pathologic US findings were encountered in five patients: fatty liver in two patients, gallstones in one patient, ovarian cyst in one, and liver metastases in another patient. US may be used as a diagnostic approach in patients with uncharacteristic abdominal complaints when conventional X-ray examinations are negative. In patients with psychosomatic disease a negative US result may be of importance in the psychiatric approach to these patients' disease. PMID- 6673077 TI - Neurotensin inhibits meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion in man. AB - The effect of physiological doses of exogenous neurotensin on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin concentration was investigated in six healthy subjects. Acid secretion was reduced by 32% during intravenous infusion of neurotensin, the plasma neurotensin concentration being within physiological range. Serum gastrin concentration was unchanged during infusion of neurotensin. The results strongly suggest that neurotensin participates in the regulation of gastric acid secretion and support the theory that neurotensin may play a role in the intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion in man. PMID- 6673078 TI - Cholangiography in rabbits before and after papillotomy. AB - The gallbladder and the function of the sphincter of Oddi were studied after papillotomy (EPT) in New Zealand white rabbits. Intravenous cholangiography (IVC) was performed before and after papillotomy. After papillotomy, IVC showed gallbladder opacification in one of seven test animals, whereas gallbladder filling occurred in all six control animals. The bile ducts were not visualized in any of the test animals, whereas five of six controls showed contrast filling of the bile ducts. Reflux cholangiography was performed after EPT and showed free reflux of contrast from the duodenum to the bile ducts. These findings indicate that papillotomy results in the insufficiency of the sphincter mechanism of the ampulla of Vater, and hence intravenous cholangiography may not be valid for showing the gallbladder and the bile ducts after papillotomy. PMID- 6673079 TI - Improvement of physical capacity after long-term training in patients with chronic active hepatitis. AB - A training program was started in nine patients with chronic active hepatitis in clinical remission while receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The patients were examined before and after a training period of 4-5 weeks and 10-12 weeks, respectively. The calculated oxygen consumption increased by 19% and 29%, and the estimated work load capacity improved. No change occurred in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatases, gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase, serum bilirubin, or prealbumin, whereas creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly. The clinical condition did not worsen in any patient, and most of the patients felt that their physical performance capacity had improved. We conclude that long-term regular physical training is well tolerated by patients with chronic active hepatitis in clinical remission and that training leads to improvement in the oxygen consumption and the estimated work load capacity in such patients. PMID- 6673080 TI - Follow-up after colorectal polypectomy. I. A comparison of the effectiveness of repeated examinations of the colon every 6 and 24 months after removal of stalked polyps. AB - To investigate the effect of follow-up study after colorectal polypectomy, 156 patients with symptomatic stalked adenomas with light to severe dysplasia were allocated at random to colorectal examination every 6 (A) and 24 (B) months after colonoscopic polypectomy. No high-risk group could be identified. Twenty-one of the 23 new polyps were located above the rectum, but 15 could have been removed during examination with the flexible sigmoidoscope. The risk of new adenomas was similar at all 6-month examinations, during the first 4 years of the study. A small carcinoma (Dukes A) was found at 24 months in group B. A fatal colonic perforation was seen in group A after seven previous colonoscopies without complications. The new polyps caused no symptoms other than minimal bleeding in some of the patients, and because increasing the rate of colonoscopies increases risk of complications, it was considered justified to prolong the intervals to 24 and 48 months, at random. PMID- 6673081 TI - Follow-up after colorectal polypectomy. II. Repeated examinations of the colon every 6 months after removal of sessile adenomas and adenomas with the highest degrees of dysplasia. AB - Fifty-five patients with colorectal sessile adenomas and adenomas with the severest dysplasia were followed up every 6 months with colonoscopy and/or double contrast enema during 4 years, after a clean colon had been obtained, by repeated colonoscopy within 3 months after piecemeal polypectomy. The repetition at 3 months resulted in detection of two cancers. An overlooked cancer was detected at 1 year, and another cancer was diagnosed between examinations. Risk of new adenomas (19 patients) was related to original size, number, and glandular structure of the polyps. Twelve of the 19 patients had new polyps above the rectum. The 336 colonoscopies were complicated by 3 laparotomies, made necessary by perforation and bleeding. The results suggest that intervals between examinations of patients with the present type of adenomas may be prolonged, and patients are now allocated at random to colorectal follow-up examination every 6 and 12 months. PMID- 6673082 TI - Variations in the release of the NH2-terminal fragment of gastrin-17 in the course of duodenal ulcer disease. AB - Fasting and meal-stimulated NH2-terminal gastrin concentrations in serum were significantly higher in patients with active duodenal ulcer than in control subjects and in patients with inactive duodenal ulcer (p less than 0.05). In contrast, the COOH-terminal gastrin concentrations (the bioactive gastrins) did not differ among the groups. Parallel variation in the NH2- and COOH-terminal gastrin concentrations occurred both during meal stimulation and as response to adrenaline or secretin infusion. In a longitudinal study of duodenal ulcer patients, higher NH2- than COOH-terminal gastrin concentrations were associated with the active phase of the disease, whereas this seldom occurred during the inactive phase (p less than 0.001). These data suggest that abnormally large amounts of the NH2-terminal fragment of gastrin-17 are released to the circulation during the active phase of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6673083 TI - Consumption of refined sugar by patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or irritable bowel syndrome. AB - The daily dietary consumption of refined sugar was studied in four equal-sized groups of 30 patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis (UC), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or minor orthopedic conditions. The latter group was matched for sex and age with the Crohn's disease group. The Crohn's disease patients consumed significantly more refined sugar (88.9 +/- 50.7 (SD) g/day) than the controls (64.3 +/- 45.6 g/day), the UC patients (64.3 +/- 38.7), or the IBS patients (59.9 +/- 33.3). Fifteen patients with Crohn's disease interviewed within 6 months of diagnosis consumed similar amounts of sugar (69.9 +/- 43.9) to those of the subjects in the other three groups. Fifteen other patients with Crohn's disease studied 7-36 months after diagnosis consumed significantly more refined sugar (107.9 +/- 41.2). These results indicate that the high sugar consumption in Crohn's disease is a secondary phenomenon without etiologic importance. PMID- 6673084 TI - The influence of locally deposited fibrin on the biomechanical properties of developing granulation tissue in rats. AB - A recently developed method for the occlusion of fistulas with a fibrin clot has stimulated studies concerning the effects of deposited fibrin on the formation of granulation tissue (g.t.). In this study the influence of artificially implanted fibrin on the biomechanical properties of developing g.t. was investigated in rats. Perforated Teflon cylinders either empty or fibrin filled, were implanted subcutaneously for two weeks. The g.t. from fibrin filled cylinders was found to adhere significantly better to the cylinder walls which is an important property in the case of fistula closure with fibrin. Mechanical testing, however, showed that the maximum load and the maximum strain were significantly higher in cylinders implanted empty. However, the collagen concentration was no higher in cylinders implanted empty suggesting that in the newly formed g.t. studied, factors other than the collagen concentration determined the strength of the tissue. PMID- 6673085 TI - Distally based fasciocutaneous flap from the sural region. A preliminary report. AB - Based on the principle of skin vascularization through perforating branches along intermuscular septa, a new distally based fasciocutaneous flap from the sural region is presented. Its use in reconstruction of defects in the middle and lower third of the leg is demonstrated by the clinical application in our sample of 3 cases. The limits of the extent and the exact basis of its vascularity have to be determined by further investigations. PMID- 6673086 TI - Cleft lip and palate in Finland in 1948-75: correlations to infections, seasonal and yearly variations. AB - Comparison of the patient records of the Finnish Red Cross National Cleft Center and the Central Register of Congenital Malformations showed a statistically significant yearly fluctuation as well as an increasing trend in the incidence of both cleft lip (and palate) and isolated cleft palate during the period 1948 1975. Almost significant difference was found in the monthly incidence of CL(P) with the peak in children born in April, while no such difference could be noticed in CP or both groups combined. The rapid increase and similarity of the incidence curves of both CL(P) and CP is suggestive of the action of simultaneous and similar exogenous agents in the pathogenesis of both types. In patients with CL(P) the etiological factor was considered to have been active 35 weeks and in CP 31 weeks before delivery. The monthly number of clefts was compared to the number of serologically verified infections (influenza A, respiratory syncytical, mumps, measles, rubeola, parainfluenza, adenoviruses as well as Mycoplasma pneumoniae) in the years 1971-75. No statistically significant correlation was found in this respect. PMID- 6673087 TI - Early bone grafting in complete cleft lip and palate cases following maxillofacial orthopedics. V. A postoperative evaluation of nasal patency. AB - The nasal patency of children born with complete unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate was studied with rhinomanometry. The children had all been early bone grafted with a "four-flap" technique. The unilateral deformities were composed of two groups. One group of 39 children (mean age 17.6 years) primarily operated without preoperative orthopedics and another group of 46 children (mean age 10.8 years), where preoperative orthopedics ("T-traction") was performed before the operation. In the bilateral group, 19 children (mean age 15.1 years), preoperative retropositioning pressure and if necessary outward rotation of the lateral maxillary segments was performed before the operation. No difference of total nasal patency was found between unilateral and bilateral cleft children. The nasal cavity of the cleft side of unilateral clefts had, however, a more pronounced nasal stenosis than each cavity of bilateral clefts. In unilateral groups a significant difference in nasal patency was found between the cleft and the noncleft side. This difference was not changed by decongestion indicating a skeletal anatomical stenosis. Nasal patency did not differ between the unilateral groups. However, considering the age difference between the two groups a further improvement of nasal patency with increasing age may possibly occur in the younger "T-traction" group. PMID- 6673088 TI - Early bone grafting in complete cleft lip and palate cases following maxillofacial orthopedics. VI. Assessments from photographs and anthropometric measurements. AB - The superficial facial topography of children born with complete unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate was studied with anthropometry and subjective assessments of standardized photographs. All the children had been bone grafted early with Nordin's "four-flap" technique. The unilateral deformities group comprised two sub-groups: one of 39 children (mean age 17.6 years) primarily operated without preoperative orthopedics, and another of 46 children (mean age 10.8 years) primarily operated after preoperative "T-traction" The bilateral group, 19 children (mean age 15.1 years) was primarily operated after preoperative premaxillary retropositioning pressure, if necessary, combined with outward rotation of the lateral maxillary segments. The groups were compared with each other and then in the anthropometric study with nonclefts. With 14 expert observers the subjective assessment method was found to be useful when comparing groups of children. When comparing the two unilateral groups, the "T-traction" group showed a straighter and more normal nose and less difference in sagittal and vertical directions between the levels of the alar bases. Overall facial features scored closer to normals than did those of the non-traction group. On comparing the unilateral groups with nonclefts our findings for several variables corresponded to what was found by others earlier. The width of the mouth was narrower in unilateral clefts than in nonclefts. Unlike that reported by others, our unilateral cleft sample had shorter medial vertical upper lip length and shorter and broader noses than nonclefts. PMID- 6673089 TI - Adjustment of the contralateral breast following breast reconstruction. AB - Surgery on the contralateral breast was performed in 64 of 100 patients for adjustment of size and shape or for diagnostic purposes. The patients found it more desirable to adjust size than shape asymmetry on the contralateral breast. There was only one early complication and six late ones. The former was a postoperative hematoma after a reduction mammaplasty. The latter were three cases of capsular contractures after augmentation mammaplasties. In these cases the implant was placed in a submuscular position. In three cases, patients asked for a secondary reduction mammaplasty because of poor symmetry. There were some difficulties in comparing pre- and postoperative mammography after augmentation mammaplasty. In the other adjustment procedures, there were only minor difficulties in a few cases comparing pre- and postoperative mammography. Patients with a high risk of bilateral breast cancer needing size and/or shape symmetry correction should be considered for mastectomy and immediate reconstruction. PMID- 6673090 TI - Nipple and areola reconstruction. A study in 79 mastectomized women. AB - Seventy-nine patients of 100 desired a nipple-areola reconstruction. In nipple areola reconstruction, skin from the upper inner thigh gives the best results as areola replacement, except perhaps in women with very large contralateral areola. Nipple-sharing was the most favourable method for reconstruction of the nipple. Mushroom nipple plasty could give satisfactory results when nipple sharing was not feasible. There were no early complications of nipple-areola reconstruction, which often can be done on an out-patient basis. Most of a series of women who underwent breast reconstruction thought that nipple-areola reconstruction was important and were satisfied with the result. PMID- 6673091 TI - Sequelae of capillary hemangiomas of the eyelids and orbita. AB - Five children earlier treated for capillary hemangiomas of the eyelid and orbit have been examined for cosmetic and functional results of treatment as well as their ocular status. In all cases the optic axis has been obstructed for a varying period in the first year of life. Two patients got exceedingly amblyopic and 3 patients moderately amblyopic. The cosmetic result is satisfactory in three cases. Different treatments have been used in these cases, i.e. surgical, X-ray and corticosteroid. The most essential aspect of the treatment is to open the eyeslit so much that the optic axis is free and in this way try to prevent amblyopia. PMID- 6673092 TI - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. A clinico-pathological study of nineteen cases and review of world literature. AB - The clinical course, pathological features and response to treatment in a consecutive 16-years series of 19 cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans were studied. A review of the world literature, comparing the results to ours too was performed. The tumour, occurring at every age and equally among females and males, most commonly involves the trunk without any particular pattern. The disease usually runs an indolent course and is too often regarded lightly by patients as well as physicians leading to delayed and often too conservative treatment. The tumour has definite invasive and metastatic potential and is considered a low grade soft tissue sarcoma. To avoid mutilating surgery (and maybe metastases) later in the course, the initial treatment must be wide surgical excision including a surrounding margin of at least 1 inch normal tissue. The removal of underlying deep fascia is essential and adequate resection will require a skin graft replacement in nearly every instance. Follow up periods should be no less than 3 years at the surgical and oncological service and should be continued at the general practitioners because tumours may recur after considerable periods of time, even in apparently adequately treated patients. PMID- 6673094 TI - Median nerve compression complicating arthrodesis of the rheumatoid wrist. AB - The frequency and pathogenesis of median nerve compression complicating the Rush pin method of fusing the rheumatoid wrist was evaluated retrospectively. This complication was encountered in 14/50 wrists (28%). In 7 hands the carpal tunnel was explored, mostly within 2 weeks after fusion. In addition to signs of acute entrapment of the median nerve the most constant finding was that the volar edge of the resected distal end of the radius was prominent and projected into the bottom of the carpal tunnel caused by too vigorous correction of the subluxed carpus. Obviously the median nerve was squeezed or angulated at the volar edge of the radius. After median nerve release and resection of the bony prominence all patients regained full sensibility within the period of observation (in average 2.5 years). It is concluded that this mechanism of nerve entrapment should be realized when fusion of a severely destructed rheumatoid wrist is considered. PMID- 6673095 TI - Methods for detecting occupational causes of male infertility. Reproductive history versus semen analysis. AB - The use of semen and reproductive histories in epidemiologic studies is reviewed. Traditional parameters of semen quality are easily measured. A significant change may be positive proof of an effect on the reproductive tract and may occur within two or three months of the start of exposure. Conversely, semen specimens are difficult to obtain. The use of an appropriate reference group may be hard to ensure. A change in semen quality need not lead to abnormalities of reproduction. Past effects of exposure may not be detectable if exposure has been reduced or eliminated. Reproductive histories are readily obtained for fertility analysis. A reduction in fertility may be evidence of impaired health. Past effects of exposure are easily determined. For the detection of reduced fertility, however, two or three years of exposure may be needed. A change in fertility does not necessarily indicate an effect on the reproductive tract. The analysis of fertility requires considerable technical expertise. Since data for fertility analysis may be gathered in the workplace with little effort, suitable information should be obtained during employee medical examinations wherever potential exists for effects on reproduction. PMID- 6673093 TI - Silicone rubber implants for arthrosis of the scaphotrapezial trapezoidal joint. AB - Degenerative changes of the scaphotrapezial trapezoidal (ST) joint commonly cause pain and weakness. These patients do not respond to conservative treatment, and for several years effort has been made to find an easy way to relieve symptoms. In a previous report a silicone interposition arthroplasty was described and considered to be a useful method. However, the durability of the elastomer was insufficient, and implant fractures and migration of fragments occurred. Since then the procedure has been modified, and high performance Silastic has been used for interposition. Ten patients have been reviewed, with a follow-up from 6 to 36 months (average 15 months). All patients have had lasting relief from pain and consider they have full hand function, without stiffness or limited thumb or wrist motion. Roentgenographic reviews have neither revealed deterioration nor dislocation or migration of the implant. Untoward bone reactions have not been observed. Implant hemiarthroplasty is indicated only when the degenerative changes are solely confined to the ST joint. PMID- 6673096 TI - Some remarks on the operation of biases. AB - Etiologic research is easily invalidated by wrong conclusions based on the use of dubious methods of study design or data analysis. This paper discusses three central types of validity concepts, namely, selection bias, information bias, and confounding bias. Bias is defined in statistical terms as a misrepresentation of an effect measure, such as disease rate ratio. The discussion is presented basically within the framework of fourfold frequency table data to investigate the dependence of the presence or absence of a disease on a dichotomous exposure variate. A brief review of the statistical strategies and techniques available for controlling confounding is given. The issue of properly measuring a true confounder is dealt with in some detail because of its importance for the avoidance of biased estimates. The presentation concentrates on pointing out the direction and magnitude of the distortion caused by the operation of these sources of error. PMID- 6673097 TI - Effects of trace levels of nitrous oxide on psychomotor performance. AB - Twenty-four male student volunteers were exposed to 50 ppm of nitrous oxide or air in an exposure chamber for 4 h in two experimental sessions. The subjects completed a battery of psychomotor tests during the final 40 min of the exposure sessions. Nitrous oxide, at this low concentration, did not produce any statistically significant changes in performance. PMID- 6673098 TI - Elimination of chromium in urine after stainless steel welding. AB - Nine retired (on an average of four years) stainless steel welders had higher (p less than 0.001) urinary chromium levels [mean 7 (range 3-13) mumol/mol of creatinine] than 21 nonexposed referents [mean less than or equal to 1.5 (range less than 0.6-7) mumol/mol of creatinine] but did not differ in this respect from 14 active welders studied at the end of a 31-d vacation (mean 9, range 4-17). This result shows the existence of a slow compartment for chromium in the body. Urinary chromium on time after the end of exposure was analyzed mathematically by use of an exponential two-compartment model. Good fits were obtained, showing the existence of a fast compartment in addition to the slow one. For four welders followed for 31 d, the biological half-time of the slow compartment ranged from 14 d to infinity. For 12 welders followed for 60 h, the fast compartment had a median half-time of 7 (range 4-35) h. For 19 welders there was a significant (p less than 0.01) correlation between chromium in air (total and soluble hexavalent) and urinary chromium (rs = 0.68 and 0.64). However, the variation of urinary chromium on chromium in air was considerable, especially at chromium air levels at or below the hygienic standards. Correction for urinary chromium levels on Monday morning did not decrease the variation. PMID- 6673099 TI - Human response to controlled levels of toluene in six-hour exposures. AB - The nasal mucus flow, lung function, subjective response, and psychometric performance of 16 young healthy subjects was studied during 6-h exposures to clean air and to 10, 40 or 100 ppm of toluene under controlled conditions. The toluene exposures did not affect nasal mucus flow or lung function. At 100 ppm irritation was experienced in the eyes and in the nose. There was a significant deterioration in the perceived air quality and a significant increased odor level during all exposures to toluene. The test battery investigated visual perception, vigilance, psychomotor functions, and higher cortical functions and comprised five-choice, rotary pursuit, screw-plate, Landolt's rings, Bourdon Wiersma, multiplication, sentence comprehension, and word memory tests. In these eight tests measuring 20 parameters, no statistically significant effects of the toluene exposure occurred. For three tests (multiplication errors, Landolt's rings, and the screw plate test) there was a borderline significance (0.05% less than p less than 0.10%). The subjects felt that the tests were more difficult and strenuous during the 100-ppm exposure, for which headache, dizziness, and feeling of intoxication were significantly more often reported. The exposures to 10 and 40 ppm did not result in any adverse effects. PMID- 6673100 TI - Tissue distribution of styrene, styrene glycol and more polar styrene metabolites in the mouse. AB - A primary objective of the present investigation was to determine the tissue distribution of styrene, styrene glycol, and more polar metabolites in mice at different times (0.5-5 h) after the intraperitoneal administration of styrene (3.3 mmol/kg). Another aim was to determine the dose dependence of the metabolite pattern of styrene in the different tissues. The dose range chosen was 1.1-4.9 mmol of styrene/kg administered intraperitoneally, and the time delay 2 h after dosing. The highest initial concentrations of unchanged styrene were found in adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, and brain. Styrene glycol reached its maximum concentration within 1 h in most tissues. The levels in the kidneys, lungs, pancreas, and liver far exceeded those in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Only in the liver and kidneys was a notable amount of styrene glycol conjugated. Polar metabolites occurred to a considerable extent in the liver, kidneys, lungs, and plasma. The concentration of unmetabolized styrene seemed to increase exponentially with the dose in subcutaneous adipose tissue, liver, kidneys, lungs, and brain. No tendency towards a decreased relative occurrence of styrene glycol was observed at higher doses. However, when the dose was increased, the more polar metabolites occurred at relatively lower levels in all tissues except brain. PMID- 6673101 TI - Lung cancer, stomach cancer, and smoking status among coal miners. A preliminary test of a hypothesis. AB - This paper presents an empirical test of the hypothesis of Meyer et al, who propose inhaled carcinogens to be a risk for both stomach and lung cancer, stomach cancer occurring in persons with nonimpaired lungs and lung cancer occurring in persons with impaired lungs. Based upon a case-referent study comparing 46 white male coal miners who died from stomach cancer in the United States with age-matched miners who died from lung cancer and with reference miners who died from other cancers or from noncancer, nonaccident causes, the present study failed to confirm the Meyer hypothesis. The data suggest a reverse relationship than that postulated, namely, that airway obstruction may be a precondition for stomach cancer and normal pulmonary function a precondition for lung cancer. Different dust agents were found to be involved with cancers at the different sites. For coal miners with airway obstruction, greater years of coal mine dust exposure were found to pose a slightly elevated stomach cancer risk (odds ratio 3.64, not significant), while, for miners with normal ventilatory function, cigarette smoking posed a disproportionately elevated lung cancer risk (odds ratio 7.00, not significant). PMID- 6673102 TI - Cutting oils and bladder cancer. PMID- 6673103 TI - Mortality from lung cancer in an acetylene and phthalic anhydride plant. A case referent study. AB - Mortality from lung cancer in an acetylene and phthalic anhydride plant: A case referent study. Scand j work environ health 9 (1983) 455-462. The study tested the hypothesis that an excess of lung cancer observed in a small town of the Milano Province in Italy was attributable to occupational exposures in a chemical plant (SISAS) producing mainly acetylene, phthalic anhydride, and their derivatives. Exposures included a large number of chemicals, some of which are known or suspected carcinogens such as soot and phthalates. The local register of deaths was the source of the cases and referents. The cases (N = 43) were the male residents in the town who had died from lung cancer from 1976 to 1979. The referents were a sample of residents from the same town who had died during the same four-year period from causes other than respiratory cancer. Causes of death were validated through clinical data and relatives' reports. Information for a complete occupational history and on smoking habits was collected in interviews of the next of kin of each study subject. After control for age and smoking, the risk of dying from lung cancer for the subjects previously employed at the SISAS plant relative to those never occupationally exposed was 5.6 (95% confidence limits 1.9-16.2). The risk for exposure to lung carcinogens in work environments other than SISAS was 1.7 (95% confidence limits 0.9-3.5). On the whole, occupational exposure to chemical carcinogens accounted for about one-third of the total number of lung cancer deaths that occurred in the area during the study period. The results call for further investigation of specific chemicals, mainly soot and phthalates, in the etiology of lung cancer. PMID- 6673104 TI - Evaluation of the current risk of lead poisoning in the ceramics industry. AB - Evaluation of the current risk of lead poisoning in the ceramics industry. Scand j work environ health 9 (1983) 463-469. The authors evaluate the current possibility of lead poisoning in the production of ceramic tiles, an industrial sector which has always been considered dangerous due to the use of lead-rich glazes. The study was conducted in nine plants, four of which were repeatedly monitored (five checks on 94 exposed subjects). The other five plants (for a total of 221 exposed subjects) were only checked once. An analysis of all the results showed a clear reduction in mean blood lead levels, which the authors believe was due to the use of glazes with less lead. The results obtained were generally satisfactory; they indicated a definite improvement in the situation with respect to the authors' previous investigations, even for jobs in which workers were more frequently exposed. The data overlap those observed in the production of artistic pottery, which has always been considered less dangerous. PMID- 6673105 TI - Exposure to styrene. Uptake, distribution, metabolism and elimination in man. AB - Exposure to styrene: Uptake, distribution, metabolism and elimination in man. Scand j work environ health 9 (1983) 479-488. Eight male subjects were exposed for 2 h to about 2.88 mmol/m3 (300 mg/m3) of styrene vapor during light physical exercise. The uptake of styrene averaged 4.4 mmol, or 68% of the amount supplied. The arterial blood concentration of styrene reached a relatively stable level of about 20 mumol/l after 75 min of exposure. The calculated value of blood clearance was 1.7 (SD 0.3) l/min, and the extraction ratio about 0.2. The half time for the elimination phase was 41 (SD 7) min, and the calculated volume of distribution 99 (SD 13) l. The concentration of styrene in the subcutaneous adipose tissue was about 50 mumol/kg 30-90 min after exposure. The concentration of nonconjugated styrene glycol in blood increased linearly during exposure and was about 15% of the styrene concentration in blood at the end of exposure. It was eliminated with a half-time of 72 (SD 13) min. Within 28 h after exposure 58% of the total uptake of styrene was recovered in the urine as mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acid. Their excretion half-times (0-20 h) were 3.6 (SD 0.4) and 8.8 (SD 1.3) h, respectively. Styrene-7,8-oxide was detected and quantified in blood in a complementary study. PMID- 6673106 TI - Sampling and analysis of hexavalent chromium during exposure to chromic acid mist and welding fumes. AB - Sampling and analysis of hexavalent chromium during exposure to chromic acid mist and welding fumes. Scand j work environ & health 9 (1983) 489-495. In view of the serious health effects of hexavalent chromium, the problems involved in its sampling and analysis in workroom air have been the subject of much concern. In this paper, the stability problems arising from the reduction of hexavalent to trivalent chromium during sampling, sample storage, and analysis are discussed. Replacement of sulfuric acid by a sodium acetate buffer (pH 4) as a leaching solution prior to analysis with the diphenylcarbazide (DPC) method is suggested and is demonstrated to be necessary in order to avoid reduction. Field samples were taken from two different industrial processes-manual metal arc welding on stainless steel without shield gas and chromium plating. A comparison was made of the DPC method, acidic dissolution with atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) analysis, and the carbonate method. For chromic acid mist, the DPC method and AAS analysis were shown to give the same results. In the analysis of welding fumes, the modified DPC method gave the same results as the laborious and less sensitive carbonate method. PMID- 6673107 TI - Monitoring 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate in air by chemosorption sampling. AB - Monitoring 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate in air by chemosorption sampling. Scand j work environ health 9 (1983) 497-503. A sampling procedure for 1,6 hexamethylene diisocynate (HDI) in air is described. The diisocyanate is trapped on a chemosorption tube containing 9-(N-methylaminomethyl)anthracene adsorbed on Amberlite XAD-2. Recoveries in the laboratory experiments were 81-91%. The chemosorption technique was evaluated in the field by measurements at two different factories using HDI as a hardener in two-component paints for vehicle refinishing. Simultaneous sampling with a fritted-glass bubbler and by the chemosorption technique showed equal collection efficiencies for HDI when 3.5- to 22-1 air samples were used. For air samples exceeding 20 1 the collection efficiency of the fritted-glass bubbler decreased. Several additional peaks appeared in the chromatograms from the fritted-glass bubblers. Statistical treatment of the data showed that these peaks are closely related to the amount of HDI. PMID- 6673108 TI - White lead exposure among Danish police officers employed in fingerprint detection. AB - White lead exposure among Danish police officers employed in fingerprint detection. Scand j work environ health 9 (1983) 511-513. White lead is often used by police officers employed in fingerprint detection (dactylography). On the basis of a case of mild lead intoxication in a police officer all 22 exposed police officers at the Bureau of Dactylographic Identification in Copenhagen were examined. All went through a clinical examination and blood lead determination. None of the participants showed any sign of lead intoxication. The median blood lead concentration was 0.97 mumol/l (10th-90th percentiles 0.72-1.44 mumol/l), a value definitely higher than the average of the general population matched for age and sex. A correlation between the weekly white lead exposure and blood lead concentration (r = 0.87, p less than 0.0001) was found among the participants. PMID- 6673109 TI - Re: "Man-made vitreous fibers and workers' health: An overview of the epidemiologic evidence" by R Saracci, L Simonato. PMID- 6673110 TI - Studies on antihepatitic drugs. Total synthesis of (+/-)schizandrin C and its analogs. AB - This paper reports the total synthesis of (+/-) schizandrin, C, namely 5,6,7,8 tetrahydro-1, 12-dimethoxy-2, 3, 10, 11-bismethylenedioxy-6, 7-cis dimethyldibenzo (a, c) cyclooctene (12B), a new active SGPT lowering principle isolated from the Chinese medical plant Schizandra chinensis, and its 6, 7-trans dimethyl isomer (16B). We also synthesized two more isomers, namely 5, 6, 7, 8 tetrahydro-3, 10-dimethoxy-1, 2, 11, 12-bismethylenedioxy-6, and 7-cis-(and trans ) dimethyldibenzo (a, c) cyclooctene (12A and 16A). The NMR, UV and mass spectra of these four isomers are discussed. IR (in chloroform), UV, NMR and MS of synthetic schizandrin C (12B) are identical with those of the natural compound. PMID- 6673111 TI - Carrageenin-induced arthritis: V. A morphologic study of the development of inflammation in acute arthritis. AB - Following a single injection of the polysaccharide carrageenin into the rabbit knee joint, a rapid inflammatory process occurs in the joint space and synovial membrane, followed by changes in the articular cartilage. Initially there is an influx of cells, mainly PMNs, into the synovial fluid, accompanied by proliferation of the synovial lining cells and infiltration of the synovial membrane. The numbers of synovial fluid cells decline gradually after 24 hr. The reaction in the synovial membrane is greatest at day 7, and inflammation is still evident at day 21. Initially, the infiltrate consists mainly of PMNs, but by day 7 it is predominantly mononuclear, with small clusters of lymphocytes. The articular cartilage shows loss of metachromasia with toluidine blue at 3-14 days after injection, but stains normally after day 21. Electron microscopy shows damage to the chondrocytes at day 1 and 7, with complete destruction of cells in the surface layer. At day 7 cells in the deeper layers have lost the apparatus required for proteoglycan synthesis, but at day 21 the cells appear virtually normal. There was no evidence for a direct inhibitory effect of carrageenin on proteoglycan biosynthesis. Most labeled carrageenin was rapidly cleared from the joint space, but about 10% was retained in the synovial membrane and 0.6% in articular cartilage at 48 hr after injection. Since the increase and decline in PMN numbers respectively precede the cartilage damage and recovery, it is suggested that there may be a correlation between the clinical activity of arthritis and the number of PMNs in the synovial fluid. PMID- 6673112 TI - CREG antigens differentially influence expression of extraarticular manifestations in whites and blacks with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - B27 and the CREG antigens (-7, -27, -40, -42, and -22) have been shown to be related to the spondyloarthropathies. We have studied the frequency distribution of these antigens in patients with RA. Two hundred ninety-six patients with either classical or definitive RA by ARA criteria were studied: 199 were whites and 97 were blacks. Appropriate local control subjects were also studied (242 whites and 283 blacks). In the white RA patients 48.7% possessed a CREG antigen (97 of 199) while in the black patients 28.9% were CREG positive (28 of 97). In the white control subjects, 45.9% had a CREG antigen and 31.4% for the black control subjects. The relationship between CREG antigens and disease expression was compared using clinical, demographic, radiologic, and therapeutic parameters. For the white group there was no difference in the age and sex, disease duration, functional capacity, anatomic grading, C/M ratio, seropositivity, frequency of extraarticular manifestations (subcutaneous nodules, vasculitis, sicca symptoms, pleuropulmonary, or pericardial disease), frequency of remittive therapy, and toxicity to chrysotherapy. For the blacks all parameters were comparable except for a decrease in the frequency of extraarticular manifestations among the CREG positive patients (21.4 vs. 46.4%) which is significant (p less than 0.05). Our data show no significant differences in the frequency of the CREG antigens in either blacks or whites with RA as compared to normal subjects. However, a possible sparing of some of the extraarticular manifestations of the disease appears to associate with the CREG antigens. PMID- 6673113 TI - Factors limiting exercise performance in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - In order to evaluate to which extent various organs limit physical performance in PSS, maximal working capacity was studied in 22 patients. Special attention was given to cardiac and pulmonary function, joint mobility, and muscular strength. A model for scoring these parameters is given. Working capacity was on the average 51% of the predicted normal value. Ventilation at maximal workload was high despite normal arterial blood gases and presumably normal physiologic dead space. This can be explained by an increased demand on ventilation from an increased muscle metabolism. This may be due to impeded mobility of respiratory and locomotive organs. The maximal heart rate was low and patients with low physical capacity had only a small decrease in base excess. One third of the patients developed arrhythmia during exercise, which contributed to a low performance. Other myocardial involvement was common, seen in the Q-waves, low voltage, left axis deviation, and increased heart volume. In PSS, these ECG changes probably reflect myocardial fibrosis that has developed without clinically manifest infarction. Special attention must be given to arrhythmias at work, which are overlooked in a resting ECG. Ventricular tachycardia plays an important role in sudden death, which, when it occurs, almost always does so within the first years after the onset of PSS. There was no close linkage between cardiac dysfunction and pulmonary fibrosis or joint-muscle impairment. The scoring system showed an equal distribution in reduction of working capacity as to circulation, pulmonary function, and locomotive function.+2 PMID- 6673114 TI - Relapsing polychondritis: an autoimmune disease. PMID- 6673115 TI - Pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of the swan-neck deformity. PMID- 6673116 TI - Bulmer on pseudo-patient studies: a critique. PMID- 6673117 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of the tegumental surface of adult Schistosoma sinensium. AB - The SEM study of tegumental surface of adult Schistosoma sinensium reveals that the male tegument lacks tubercles or bosses; instead it is corrugated with small pits or perforated ridges. On the dorsal surface, spines are present whose number and size progressively increase towards the posterior end of the body. In addition, there are three types of papillae interspersed among the ridges and spines. The first type of papillae has crater-like holes surrounded by a circular doughnut-shaped elevation; some are ciliated and others are non-ciliated. They are generally found on the dorsal and ventral surfaces. The second is sensory papillae which are hemispherical in shape bearing apical cilia. They are found to be concentrated around the oral sucker and on the posterior end of the worm. The third is fungiform papillae without cilia which are found on the posterior end. There are short spines present on the tegument lining the gynecophoral canal of the male worm. The tegument of the female S. sinensium is corrugated with ridges on the ventral surface. Small spines are present on the anterior portion of the dorsal surface. They become larger and increased in number towards the posterior end of the worm. The three types of papillae are present but they are much fewer and less developed than those in the male worm. PMID- 6673118 TI - Microtopography of the surface of adult Schistosoma japonicum-like (Malaysian) as observed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The surface of adult Schistosoma japonicum-like (Malaysian) was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The basic pattern of surface microtopography is similar to other strains of S. japonicum as previously reported. However, among male member there are some unique differences in the types, number and distribution of surface papillae and morphology of ridges. Three kinds of papillae were observed: (1) the large fungiform papillae (3.5-4 micron in diameter, most without cilia) are more numerous than in other strains of S. japonicum, they concentrate on the lateral aspect of the anterior and middle parts close to the edge of the gynecophoral canal, and on the dorso-lateral aspect of the posterior part towards the tail tip; (2) the small hemispherical papillae (1.5-2 micron in diameter, all bearing cilia) are especially numerous in the suckers, the gynecophoral canal and parts of the tegument around the suckers and close to the tail tip; on the rest of the surface they are evenly distributed; (3) the cratered papillae (3-4 micron in diameter, about half having cilia) are more numerous than on other strains, they concentrate on the lateral aspect of the middle part and on the edges of the gynecophoral canal. The surface ridges (about 0.2-0.3 micron in width) are tall, highly branching and perforated; they are most developed in the middle part. Spines were observed only in the suckers and the gynecophoral canals. In contrast to the male, the female has numerous spines on all parts of the surface except the most anterior, where a large number of long cilia were observed. All three kinds of papillae were present; fungiform papillae are more numerous than in females of other strains; they concentrate on the latero-dorsal aspect of middle and posterior parts, and around the excretory pore. Ridges are much less developed than in the male and are prominent only in the middle part. PMID- 6673119 TI - Circumoval precipitin (COP) test using air-dried eggs of Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni. AB - In an attempt to establish a simplified circumoval precipitin (COP) test for the diagnostic purpose of schistosomiasis, air-dried eggs of both Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni were tested as antigens for this assay. Twenty-six sera from mice infected with S. japonicum showed positive COP reactions as assessed by air-dried eggs. Among 36 serum samples from patients with schistosomiasis japonica, five exhibited false negative reaction when assessed with air-dried eggs and showed a minimum level of COP reaction when assessed with lyophilized eggs. Similarly, all of 30 serum samples from jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with S. mansoni gave positive COP reaction when assessed using air-dried egg. Diagnostic sensitivity of air-dried egg-system was comparable to those of fresh egg-or lyophilized egg-systems. A simple COP technique employing air-dried eggs, instead of lyophilized or fresh ones, would be thus useful for the serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis in local endemic areas, where sophisticated laboratory facilities are not available. PMID- 6673121 TI - Schistosoma mansoni-like infection in Phayao Province, Northern Thailand. AB - Schistosome ova were found in the serosa of colon mass of a 65-year old Thai woman from Dokkhumtai District, Phayao Province. On the basis of the shape and microscopic appearance of the ova, they probably belonged to those of Schistosoma mansoni complex. In follow-up study, no ova were found by faecal examinations and rectal biopsy. There are evidences suggesting the presence of two distinct mammalian strains in Thailand: Orientobilhorzia harinasutai, a schistosome of water buffalo in Southern region and Tricula bollingi schistosome, a rodent schistosome in Northern region. This case is believed to be the first human schistosome infection with mammalian strain of S. mansoni complex in Thailand. PMID- 6673120 TI - HBV exposure and HBsAg positivity rates in schistosomiasis japonica: study in a Philippine community endemic for both infections. AB - HBV exposure and HBsAg positivity rate were examined in 561 residents of an area endemic for S. japonicum and 22 additional cases with severe HSS japonica were also included. The differences in HBV exposure and HBsAg positivity rates among the groups without the parasitism, with schistosomiasis japonica and with HSS (53 cases) were not statistically significant. Comparison of the same parameters between those with and without S. japonicum infection according to sex and age groupings did not also show significant differences. Increasing intensity of S. japonicum infection was not associated with either increasing or decreasing HBV exposure and HBsAg positivity. It is postulated that HBV infection does not contribute to the production of HSS japonica mainly because HBV infection occurs at a much earlier age than S. japonicum infection. PMID- 6673122 TI - Human rotavirus infection in Malaysia. III. A one year survey on the prevalence of rotavirus enteritis in children. AB - The prevalence of human rotavirus enteritis in children admitted to the gastroenteritis ward of the Kuala Lumpur General Hospital was studied in 1982. Human rotavirus in the stool of the patients was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The survey showed that rotavirus enteritis in children were observed throughout the year, with two broad peaks of rotavirus infection occurring around March and September. The lowest incidence was recorded in July, however, no prolonged period of low prevalence of rotavirus enteritis was observed. The average prevalence for the whole of 1982 was 40% of the total diarrhoeal cases. No significant relationship was noted between the prevalence of the disease and rainfall. PMID- 6673123 TI - Leptospirosis in man and rodents in North and Northeast Thailand. AB - A seroepidemiological study of leptospirosis in man and rodents in the North and Northeast Thailand revealed that 0.27% of the rural people from three different ecologic areas were positive. The positivity rate has dropped dramatically when compared to a previous survey (28%). Of 1,135 wild rodents studied, 42 of 365 (11.5%) B. indica and 50 of 676 (7.4%) R. rattus were serologically positive. Others were negative. Only two of 157 R. rattus had positive cultures in which L. javanica and L. autumnalis were isolated. The study shows that wild rats are naturally implicated in human disease as a common reservoir and that the yearly rat eradication campaigns attributed as one of the effective factors in a major reduction of disease to a level of non significant public health hazard. PMID- 6673124 TI - Disappearance of measles antibody in Thai infants after birth. AB - A seroepidemiology of measles hemagglutination inhibition antibody was studied in infants at birth to 8 months of age. It was found that at birth the antibody was greater than 1:8 in 56 of 64 newborns. At 2 and 4 months of age, 9 of 21 and 12 of 21 respectively had measles antibody titer less than 1:8, while at 8 months of age, only 1 of 6 had the antibody titer greater than 1:8. It shows that the maternal measles antibody can protect the infant at young age and the decrease in antibodies occur as the child grows. The measles vaccine should be given when the maternal passive immunity of measles disappears. This study indicates that the optimal age to recommend measles vaccination should be at the age of 9 months. PMID- 6673125 TI - Parasitic diseases with emphasis on schistosomiasis in Cambodian refugees, in Prachinburi Province Thailand. AB - Epidemiologic surveys were carried on 24,619 Cambodian refugees in Khao-I-Dang holding center, employing a skin test as a screening device to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis. The diagnosis of Schistosoma mekongi was confirmed in 62 by positive stool examination. The majority of the positive cases came from Battambang province which is probably a new endemic area of schistosomiasis in Cambodia. PMID- 6673126 TI - A retrospective survey on side effects of praziquantel among 25,693 cases of schistosomiasis japonica. AB - A retrospective survey involving 25,693 persons was carried out in four provinces and the city of Shanghai, China between December 1981 until May 1982 to document relatively serious side effects of praziquantel used in a mass treatment programme for schistosomiasis japonica. Only 122 or 0.47% of those participating in the study had experienced relatively serious side reactions to the drug. Most had only one kind of side effects but two or more were recorded in a few patients. Neuropsychiatric reactions were seen in 39 persons (0.15%,) cardiovascular reactions in 37 (0.14%), hepatic changes in four (0.02%), dermatological reactions in 18 (0.07%) and delayed reactions resulting in fatigue and inability to work in 29 (0.11%). Praziquantel remains the drug of choice for the treatment of oriental schistosomiasis, it is highly effective and although side effects are minimal, caution should be taken in the treatment of chronic disease with heart failure, ascites, poor hepatic compensation and renal failure. PMID- 6673127 TI - Increased efficacy of liposomes-encapsulated praziquantel in treatment of opisthorchiasis in hamsters. AB - An increased efficacy of liposomes-encapsulated praziquantel was observed in the treatment of hamster opisthorchiasis. A single intracardial dose of 1.5 mg/kg of encapsulated praziquantel is as effective as an intracardial dose of 30 mg/kg or an oral dose of 100 mg/kg of free praziquantel. The suppressing activity of both free and liposomes-encapsulated praziquantel significantly decrease as the infection times increase from 1 to 5 weeks, suggesting that the young liver flukes are more susceptible to praziquantel than the adult flukes. PMID- 6673128 TI - Attempts to infect experimentally immunosuppressed iris monkeys (Macaca iris) with Brugia malayi. AB - Iris monkeys resistant to repeated infections with B. malayi were subjected to immunosuppression by treatment with cortisone. Degree of immunosuppression was measured by: (a) blood counts, (b) lymphocyte transformation to mitogens and (c) immunofluorescent antibody to microfilarial antigens. Attempts were made to infect such immunosuppressed animals with B. malayi. No microfilariae were detected in the blood of any of the Iris monkeys during the 6 months of study. There was a sharp drop in the percentages of lymphocytes, but a rise in neutrophil counts during the first week of cortisone administration. Treatment with cortisone did not alter the antibody titres. The significance of this line of approach in the understanding of filarial resistance is discussed. PMID- 6673129 TI - Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis: a first reported case in Thailand. AB - A case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria, from Sisaket province of Thailand is first reported. A 5-year old Thai with boy a history of swimming in a pond along a rice field before the onset of this illness, was admitted to the provincial hospital for chief complaints of headache, high fever, vomiting and drowsiness for 4 days. On admission he had convulsions and became comatosed with signs of meningeal irritation. The cerebrospinal fluid was similar to pyogenic meningitis but numerous amoebae were found and identified as Naegleria sp. Unfortunately, specific treatment was not administered promptly, the patient died 3 days after admission. PMID- 6673130 TI - Isospora belli infection as a cause of diarrhoea. AB - A case of Isospora belli infection in Thailand is reported. An 18 month-old Thai girl from a foster home was hospitalized for acute mucous diarrhoea. Immature oocysts of I. belli were detected in the stool examination by simple saline smear. The symptoms subsided spontaneously with the disappearance of parasite from the stools on the fifth day. The pathogenesis of mucous diarrhoea and the route of transmission was discussed. PMID- 6673131 TI - Studies on trypanosomes in the Taiwan monkey. AB - Fifty-three or 9% of 594 Taiwan monkeys, Macaca cyclopis, were found infected with a Trypanosome species. The parasites were recovered from monkey blood in diaphasic blood-agar culture medium with a Locke's solution overlay. Trypanosomes were found on only a few thick blood smears and no dividing or multiplying forms were found. Some of the organisms had a free-flagellum (4.7 microns), an undulating membrane and both ends of the body were pointed. The total length averaged 41.7 microns; nucleus was slightly anteriorly located. Blood from culture positive monkey would not infect monkeys or other animals, but cultured parasites readily infected monkeys and one mouse, and one rat treated with cortisone. Triatoma rubrofasciata and Triatoma protracta fed upon culture positive monkeys did not become infected but one of the former became infected after membrane feeding upon cultured parasites mixed with monkey blood. Studies were also done on the development of Trypanosome conorhini in monkeys and other animals. The parasite was recovered from the hind-and mid-gut of naturally infected Taiwan Triatoma rubrofasciata (109 of 117). Some bugs also had salivary gland infections. Most laboratory animals (rats, mice, Mongolian gerbils, guinea pigs, rabbits) developed infections detected by blood-smear and culture. The parasite was serially passaged through monkeys and bugs monthly for one year but there was no change in the development pattern. Only trypmastigotes were present in blood smears; no dividing forms were found. Triatoma rubrofasciata and Triatoma protracta readily developed gut infections when fed upon monkeys, but only a few Rhodnius prolixus became infected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6673132 TI - Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to infections with Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. AB - Eight stocks of Aedes aegypti-4 geographic stocks and 4 selected stocks-were tested for their susceptibility to infection with Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens. Four of the stocks were found to be susceptible and the other 4 were refractory of infection with D. immitis. All the stocks of Ae. aegypti that were susceptible to D. immitis were also susceptible to D. repens but the stocks that were refractory to D. immitis were all partially susceptible to D. repens. PMID- 6673133 TI - Immunogenicity of soluble haemagglutinin-lipopolysaccharide complex of classical vibrio cholerae. AB - Soluble haemagglutinin-lipopolysaccharide complexes were found to be good antigens since it elicited high levels of the antibodies in the intestine especially of the IgA class. These specific antibodies sustained for a long period of time at the significantly high levels (longer than 6 months). The enteric memory primed by the antigens in the intestinal tract were longer than 3 months. Pools of intestinal fluids obtained from mice immunized with single dose of SH-LPS at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the antigen stimulation conferred protection against the homologous challenge. Better protection was found in the corresponding specimens collected from mice which received antigen booster at 3 months after the first stimulation. Multiple oral doses of the antigens (three doses at weekly intervals) did not have any advantage over the single dose immunization. The intestinal fluids obtained from the former group conferred similar degree of protection as those from the latter though the serum specimens offered higher PD50. The protection against cholera does not correlate with the levels of vibriocidal antibody in the body fluids which seems to confirm the hypothesis that the mechanism of protection against cholera by intestinal antibody is by reducing or preventing the attachment of the vibrios to the epithelium either via agglutinating process or via masking of the vibrio adhesive sites. PMID- 6673134 TI - A note on adaptation of Anopheles annularis Van Der Wulp, Kanchanaburi, Thailand to free mating in a 30 X 30 X 30 cm cage. PMID- 6673135 TI - Experimental treatment of Gnathostoma spinigerum infection in mice with thiabendazole. PMID- 6673137 TI - [The tuberculin test in the diagnosis of renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 6673136 TI - [Use of the antioxidant dibunol for the local treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6673138 TI - [Methods of early detection of breast cancer]. PMID- 6673139 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in patients with lung cancer after surgical and combined treatment]. PMID- 6673140 TI - [Various prognostic factors in the radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy of Ewing's sarcoma]. PMID- 6673141 TI - [Role of chemotherapy and hormonal treatment in primarily operable breast cancer]. PMID- 6673142 TI - [Characteristics of the nucleolar system of peripheral blood lymphocytes in abdominal typhus]. PMID- 6673143 TI - [Current approaches to the treatment of primary breast cancer]. PMID- 6673144 TI - [Circulation of tumor cells in the blood vessels during surgical treatment of stomach cancer]. PMID- 6673145 TI - [Serum hexokinase isoenzymes in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6673146 TI - [Various problems of chronomedicine and health]. PMID- 6673147 TI - [Various medico-biological concepts and current ideological trends]. PMID- 6673148 TI - [Value of the stroke register for practical health services]. PMID- 6673150 TI - [Causes of missed diagnosis of rectal cancer]. PMID- 6673149 TI - [Improving the effectiveness of preventive oncological examinations of workers in industrial plants]. PMID- 6673151 TI - [Prevalence of arterial hypertension among female workers in industrial plants]. PMID- 6673152 TI - [Detection of high cancer risk groups during preventive examinations of subjects with chronic stomach diseases]. PMID- 6673153 TI - [Physical fitness and work capacity of patients after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6673156 TI - [Characteristics of thymomas and their prognosis]. PMID- 6673155 TI - [Follicular tumor and sarcoma of the breast]. PMID- 6673154 TI - [Optimal programs for the roentgenological examination of the skull]. PMID- 6673157 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in malignant rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6673158 TI - [Clinico-pathological study on the cervical involvement in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6673160 TI - [Long-term follow-up of Felty's syndrome--study on physiopathology and therapy]. PMID- 6673161 TI - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Study of 50 cases]. PMID- 6673159 TI - [Case of mixed connective tissue disease with severe pulmonary fibrosis treated with herbal drugs]. PMID- 6673162 TI - [Detection of erythropoietic activity in fibromyoma cells]. PMID- 6673163 TI - [Structural and immunochemical study of platelet membrane glycoproteins]. PMID- 6673164 TI - [Analysis of platelet parameters and distribution curves obtained using the Coulter Counter Model S Plus in the physiopathological mechanism of thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis]. PMID- 6673165 TI - [Ferropenic anemia: changes produced by blood transfusion on the survival of erythrocytes]. PMID- 6673166 TI - [Dissociation, by chloroquine, of antibodies bound to the erythrocyte membrane]. PMID- 6673167 TI - [Chronic lead exposure. Its repercussion on indicators of heme synthesis and iron metabolism]. PMID- 6673168 TI - [Hemoglobinopathy S with an interaction of HbS and Hb G-Ferrara]. PMID- 6673169 TI - [Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria caused by biphasic anti-IH-specific hemolysin]. PMID- 6673170 TI - [Myeloma with osteocondensing lesions]. PMID- 6673171 TI - [Development of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome in a patient with Maffucci syndrome]. PMID- 6673172 TI - [Cytochemistry of tricholeukemia]. PMID- 6673173 TI - Histochemical application of mild alkaline hydrolysis for selective elimination of O-glycosidically linked glycoproteins. AB - A new technique to eliminate O-glycosidically linked glycoprotein (mucin-type glycoprotein) selectively has been developed. Composite paraffin sections were collodionized before and after alkaline treatment with 0.5 M NaOH in 70% ethanol; the effect of this procedure on mucosubstances was examined using the periodic acid-Schiff reaction. Exposure to alkaline hydrolysis for 72 to 144 hours at 4 C led to a complete loss of periodic acid-Schiff reactivity of epithelial mucins in rat sublingual gland, stomach and small intestine, but that of fuzzy coat, thyroid colloid, collagen fibers and tracheal cartilage was well preserved. These results agreed fairly well with biochemical findings. The present study also revealed that materials prepared by freeze-substitution provided the most satisfactory results. PMID- 6673174 TI - Stable nitrones from 17 beta-Hydroxylamine derivatives of 8 beta- and 8 alpha estrone. AB - 17 beta-Hydroxylamine derivatives of 8 beta and 8 alpha-estrone can be obtained by reduction of the corresponding oximes with diborane or NaCNBH3. The products can be converted easily and reversibly to nitrones by addition of aldehydes or ketones. The nitrones are more stable than the corresponding hydroxylamines, and may be used as protecting groups. PMID- 6673175 TI - Metabolism of bile acid oxazoline derivatives by hepatocyte monolayer cultures and intestinal anaerobic bacteria. AB - Certain bile acid oxazoline derivatives (100 microM), but not corresponding unconjugated bile acids (100 microM), were found to inhibit the growth of Eubacterium sp. V.P.I. 12708. The growth inhibition was correlated with the polarity of the steroid portion of the bile acid oxazoline. Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures converted [7 epsilon 14C]methylchenooxazoline3 into MeOH-H2O soluble derivatives. Certain intestinal bacteria were capable of metabolizing [17 epsilon-14C]methylchenooxazoline as well as the MeOH-soluble hepatocyte derivative(s). These results suggest that bile acid oxazoline derivatives may undergo hepatic, as well as bacterial metabolism during enterohepatic circulation. PMID- 6673176 TI - Characteristics of the cytoplasmic and nuclear dihydrotestosterone receptors of human thymic tissue. AB - Dihydrotestosterone receptor was prepared from both the cytoplasm and nucleus of human thymic tissue. Human cytoplasmic and nuclear dihydrotestosterone receptor possessed a KA greater than 1.0 and by competition assay was highly specific for dihydrotestosterone. Human thymic cytoplasmic dihydrotestosterone receptor prepared in standard buffer sedimented on 5-20% sucrose gradients in the 4s region but human thymic cytoplasmic dihydrotestosterone receptor prepared in buffer containing sodium molybdate (10 mM) sedimented in the 7s region on 5-20% sucrose gradients. It is concluded that the human thymic dihydrotestosterone receptor is similar to classic androgen receptor. PMID- 6673177 TI - Development of a specific radioimmunoassay for cortisol 17-butyrate. AB - We describe the development and validation of an assay for cortisol 17-butyrate in blood in which there is no significant cross reaction with endogenous corticosteroids at levels encountered normally in man. Preliminary data on blood levels of the drug in absorption studies are presented. PMID- 6673178 TI - Cardiac glycosides: 2. Synthesis of glucose and galactose analogs. AB - Five cardioactive steroid genins 1a to 5a of widely varying C17 beta-side groups were converted by modified Koenigs-Knorr reactions into the corresponding beta-D glucosides 1c to 5c and beta-D-galactosides 1e to 5e. The genins included digitoxigenin (3 beta, 14-dihydroxy-5 beta, 14 beta-card-20-(22)-enolide, 1a); (20R)-20, 22-dihydrodigitoxigenin (3 beta, 14-dihydroxy-5 beta, 14 beta, 20R cardanolde, 2a); 3 beta, 14-dihydroxy-22-methylene-5 beta, 14 beta, 20S cardanolide (3a); methyl 3 beta, 14-dihydroxy-5 beta, 14 beta-pregn-20(E)-ene-21 carboxylate (4a); and methyl 3 beta, 14-dihydroxy-21-methylene-5 beta, 14 beta pregnane-21-carboxylate (5a). PMID- 6673179 TI - In vivo patterns of circulating testosterone following castration and intramuscular testosterone propionate injections of adult male rats. AB - In vivo patterns of circulating testosterone (T) were investigated in castrated and in intact male rats following a single intramuscular injection of 1mg testosterone propionate (TP). In addition, the in vivo clearance pattern of T was investigated following castration. The injection of TP into intact rats resulted in a rapid, statistically significant increase in circulating T which lasted for 12h and returned to normal by 24h post-injection. Circulating T decreased to nondetectable levels by 6h following orchiectomy. Injection of TP into castrated rats caused a rapid increase in circulating T which reached highest levels 60 min after administration. The concentrations of T in TP-treated orchiectomized rats remained elevated for 12h with a gradual decline which persisted for the experimental period of 6 days post-injection and provided moderate maintenance of sex accessory organ weights. TP injections increased circulating T levels in both groups of rats, but the magnitude of elevation was greater in intact animals where the normal T diurnal variations were disturbed. The elevation in circulating T persisted longer in the castrate-TP-treated animals than in intact animals, suggesting a difference in clearance, distribution and metabolism of T in orchiectomized rats. PMID- 6673180 TI - Kinetics of inhibition of estrogen 2-hydroxylase by various haloestrogens. AB - Inhibitors of estrogen 2-hydroxylase can be utilized in studying the kinetics of this cytochrome P450 enzyme complex and in elucidating the structural requirements of the active site. The conversion of estrogens to 2 hydroxyestrogens in rat liver microsomal preparations was examined using two radiotracer assays, the conversion of [4-14C]-estradiol to [4-14C]-2 hydroxyestradiol and the release of 3H2O from [2-3H]-estradiol. Using the microsomal fraction from male rat liver, the apparent Km for the substrate estradiol was 2.2 microM. Competitive inhibition was observed for 2-halo- and 2,4 haloestrogens (apparent Ki's of 1.6 to 3.7 microM), while 4-haloestrogens did not produce normal inhibition patterns. Employing female rat liver microsomes in which nonclassical enzyme kinetics was observed, the synthetic steroids increased the sigmoidal character of the velocity curve. Multiple inhibition studies with 2 haloestrogens and 4-haloestrogens with the male rat liver microsomal fraction indicated that these compounds are mutually exclusive inhibitors of the 2 hydroxylase activity. PMID- 6673181 TI - Metabolism of 17 alpha-methyltestosterone in the rabbit: C-6 and C-16 hydroxylated metabolites. AB - 17 alpha-Methyltestosterone and the reduced metabolites, 17 alpha-methyl-5 alpha androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, 17 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol and 17 alpha-methyl-5 beta-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, together with three hydroxylated metabolites, 17 alpha-methyl-5 beta-androstane-3 alpha, 16 alpha, 17 beta-triol, 17 alpha-methyl-5 beta-androstane-3 alpha, 16 beta, 17 beta-triol and a new metabolite, 17 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 6 alpha, 17 beta-triol, were isolated and identified in the urine of rabbits dosed with 17 alpha-methyltestosterone. No hydroxylated 5 alpha-metabolite of 17 alpha methyltestosterone has been identified previously. No of 17 alpha methyltestosterone has been identified previously. No evidence for epimerization at the C-17 position was observed. PMID- 6673182 TI - Immunoassay of unconjugated estriol in serum of pregnant women monitored by chemiluminescence. AB - 6-Oxoestriol-6-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime-aminobutylethyl- isoluminol conjugate was synthesized. This luminogenic estriol derivative enabled us to develop a solid phase immunoassay method for the determination of unconjugated estriol in serum of pregnant women by the measurement of the bound estriol-isoluminol conjugate upon oxidation with a hydrogen peroxide/microperoxidase system. The sensitivity of the assay was 700 pmol/l. Results obtained by radioimmunoassay and the described method showed good agreement (r = 0.95). The chemiluminescent method is applicable in the routine measurement of unconjugated estriol. PMID- 6673184 TI - A convenient equilibrium separation method for competitive protein-binding assay of corticosterone in rat serum. AB - Competitive protein-binding assays for corticosterone have typically employed adsorption methods for separation of free and bound ligand. Such methods often impose inconveniently strict limits upon incubation time and temperature, due to the necessity of minimizing the progressive loss of bound ligand to the adsorbent. This paper describes a convenient equilibrium assay method in which a centrifugable ion-exchange medium, DEAE-cellulose, is used to separate the corticosteroid binding globulin of rat serum and ligand bound to it, from free ligand. This method allows great latitude in incubation time and temperature, and is therefore very convenient for processing large numbers of samples. An assay optimized for use over the 50-1000 pg range showed midrange precision averaging 12% c.v., an interassay variation of 15%, and high specificity. PMID- 6673183 TI - Effect of 1 alpha, 24 R,25-trihydroxycholecalciferol on isolated parathyroid cells secretion. AB - In this work we have studied the action of the trihydroxylated vitamin D metabolite (1 alpha, 24 R,25(OH)3D3) on parathyrin secretion by isolated parathyroid cells. In contrast with the results obtained with mono and dihydroxylated vitamin D, 1 alpha, 24 R,25(OH)3D3 increased the secretion of parathyrin. The effective concentration of this metabolite was 1.54 X 10(-9)M for cells rat and 1.54 X 10(-10)M for human cells. PMID- 6673185 TI - Evidence of 2-hydroxylation of estradiol-17 beta 17-glucuronide by male rat liver microsomes. AB - When estradiol-17 beta 17-glucuronide was incubated with male rat liver microsomal preparations with a NADPH-generating system, 2-hydroxyestradiol-17 beta 17-glucuronide was obtained. This 2-hydroxylation was shown to occur without cleavage of the conjugate group. The result clearly indicates that estradiol-17 beta 17-glucuronide could act as substrate for rat liver microsomal 2 hydroxylase. PMID- 6673186 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of some 3-amino compounds related to digoxigenin. AB - 3 alpha-Amino 1a and 3 beta-amino 1b analogues of digoxigenin 14 and their 12 beta-acetate derivatives 2a and 2b were prepared and tested for inotropic activity in the isolated guinea-pig atrial preparation. The 3 alpha-amino compounds were inactive whereas the 3 beta-amino compounds showed comparable activity to their 3 beta-hydroxy counterparts. The replacement of the 17 beta butenolide ring by other ring systems was investigated. Compounds with a 3'-furyl ring, 9b and 16 were found to possess appreciable activity. A compound with a 4' pyridazinyl ring 13b exhibited weak activity, whereas the isomeric butenolide compound 11b proved inactive. N-monomethylation of the amine 2b reduced activity and N-dimethylation abolished activity. Acetylation of the 12 beta-hydroxyl function gave less active compounds. PMID- 6673187 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of some cardiotonic compounds related to digitoxigenin. AB - 3 beta-Amino compounds with 17 beta-(3-furyl) and (4-pyridazinyl) ring systems were prepared from digitoxigenin 1b and found to have similar cardiotonic properties to the analogous 3 beta-hydroxy compounds when tested in the isolated guinea-pig atrial preparation. Derivatives with 3 alpha-acetoxy functions were found to have higher than expected activities. Particularly potent was the pyridazine N1-oxide 19. All isocardenolides and the unsaturated anhydride 18 were devoid of activity. PMID- 6673188 TI - Characteristics of cholic acid uptake in primary cultured hepatocytes. AB - The characteristics of cholic acid uptake by primary cultured hepatocytes was studied. The cholic acid uptake below 10 degrees C was unsaturable, while that determined at 20 degrees and 37 degrees C showed a biphasic type, which suggested the presence of a saturable process. This saturable process was a temperature dependent and carrier-mediated transport process with an activation energy of 36.1 Kcal/mol. The apparent Km and Vmax values at 37 degrees C were 57.1 microM and 0.566 nmoles/mg protein/min, respectively. The saturable process was inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol and ouabain, and reduced significantly in the absence of sodium, suggesting that this process is energy- and sodium-dependent. The cholic acid uptake mediated by the saturable process in the absence of sodium was, however, significantly larger than that mediated by the unsaturable process. These results suggest that the transport of cholic acid in primary cultured hepatocytes may consist of three different types: unsaturable, sodium and energy dependent carrier-mediated, and sodium-independent and energy-dependent processes, respectively. The presence of a common transport carrier for cholic acid and its conjugates with taurine and glycine in primary cultured hepatocytes was also suggested. PMID- 6673189 TI - Rapid corticosterone pulses: confirmation by an alleged disconfirmation? AB - Data from a paper reporting a failure to confirm our report of rapid corticosterone pulses and suggesting that our data were artifactual were reanalyzed and reevaluated. It is shown that these data actually appear to confirm our original report. Artifacts in their procedure tend to introduce smearing that minimizes the observed effect. In addition, their method of data presentation combined with the lack of appropriate data analysis apparently led to their failure to draw the proper conclusions. PMID- 6673190 TI - Steroids in Porifera. II. Steroid derivatives from two sponges of the family Halichondriidae. Sokotrasterol sulfate, a marine steroid with a new pattern of side chain alkylation. AB - A trisulfated derivative of 24,25,26,26-tetramethyl-5 alpha-cholest-23E-ene-2 alpha, 3 beta, 6 alpha-triol (sokotrasterol sulfate) has been isolated from the sponge Halichondriidae gen. sp., collected near Sokotra Island (Arabian Sea), and its structure has been elucidated. The side chain of the new steroid involves a "normal" alkylation at C-24 and the unprecedented addition of two extra methyl groups at C-26 and one extra methyl group at C-25. A free sterol fraction contained only 24-isopropyl-5-cholesten-3 beta-ol and 24-isopropyl-5, 22E cholestadien-3 beta-ol. 24-Isopropyl-5, 22E-cholestadien-3 beta-ol as sole monohydroxy sterol and halistanol sulfate as major polyhydroxylated steroid derivative have been detected in Halichondria sp., a Madagascar sponge. PMID- 6673191 TI - The effects of adrenal and gonadal steroids and K+-canrenoate on the metabolism of aldosterone by rat liver microsomes. AB - The synthesis of polar aldosterone metabolites by rat liver microsomes at physiological concentrations of aldosterone (21.5 nM), was markedly inhibited by progesterone, testosterone, corticosterone, K+-canrenoate and estradiol-17 beta. In contrast, corticosterone and estradiol-17 beta significantly increased the synthesis of reduced aldosterone metabolites by 8- and 15-fold respectively, the majority of which were 5 alpha-reduced products of aldosterone. In experiments at higher substrate (aldosterone) concentrations (20-200 microM) the synthesis of ring A-reduced aldosterone metabolites by liver microsomes followed Michaelis Menten kinetics with a Km[app] for aldosterone of 160 microM and Vmax[app] of 12.2 nmoles/mg protein/5 min. In these experiments progesterone, testosterone and K+-canrenoate all competitively inhibited the synthesis of reduced metabolites with inhibition constants (Ki [app]) of 70, 85 and 55 microM respectively; however, corticosterone did not. In contrast, estradiol-17 beta increased the rate of synthesis of reduced products by 40%, lowering the Km[app] to 83 microM. PMID- 6673192 TI - Conversion of progesterone to corticosteroids by the midterm fetal adrenal and kidney. AB - Midterm fetal adrenal and kidney tissue homogenates were incubated with 3H progesterone (1 microM) and its conversion to te 3H-corticosteroids metabolites studied. Cortisol (36.3%) and corticosterone (4.7%) were isolated from the adrenal, and 11-deoxycortisol (32.5%) and deoxycorticosterone (21.1%) from the kidney. The results of these incubations confirmed the presence of 17- and 21 hydroxylase activities in both fetal tissues, and that of 11 beta-hydroxylase activity only in fetal adrenal tissue. We conclude that during pregnancy when progesterone levels are high, biosynthesis by the fetal kidney of 11 deoxycortisol, the most abundant corticosteroid formed by this tissue in this investigation, might provide to the fetal adrenal an important precursor for cortisol biosynthesis within the fetal compartment. PMID- 6673193 TI - Novel nuclear methylation of sterols by the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - Caenorhabditis elegans possesses a unique sterol methylation pathway not reported to occur in any other organism and also removes the C-24 ethyl group of sitosterol (a plant sterol). This nematode produced substantial quantities of 4 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol and smaller amounts of lophenol from dietary cholesterol, desmosterol or sitosterol. When C. elegans was propagated in media containing sitosterol plus 25-azacoprostane hydrochloride (25 aza-5 beta-cholestane hydrochloride), an inhibitor of delta 24-sterol reductase in insects, its 4 alpha-methylsterol fraction largely consisted of equal amounts of 4 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3 beta-ol and 4 alpha-methyl-5 alpha cholesta-8(14),24-dien-3 beta-ol. Thus 25-azacoprostane hydrochloride inhibited both a delta 24-sterol reductase and a delta 7-sterol isomerase in C. elegans. PMID- 6673194 TI - Androgenic modulation of progesterone metabolism by rat granulosa cells in culture. AB - Effects of androgens on progesterone accumulation, utilization of exogenous progesterone and accumulation of [4-14C]progesterone metabolites by rat granulosa cells in culture were studied. Androgen increased progesterone accumulation in cultures without exogenous progesterone and slowed the overall decline of progesterone concentration in cultures supplemented with exogenous progesterone. Both aromatizable testosterone and nonaromatizable 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone decreased [4-14C]progesterone utilization by granulosa cells by 12 to 30%. This effect was observed irrespective of whether the cells were continuously exposed to androgens or only pre-exposed. In he same experiments, androgens decreased conversion of radiolabeled progesterone to 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one by 11 to 50% and to 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 alpha-diol by 26 to 49%. Accumulation of 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one was not altered in 3 h incubations and was increased by up to 43% in 24 h incubations by androgen treatment. It is suggested that androgens alter progesterone catabolism by granulosa cells by decreasing 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and that this effect may contribute to overall stimulatory action of androgens on progesterone accumulation. PMID- 6673195 TI - Minor and trace sterols in marine invertebrates 47. A re-investigation of the 19 nor stanols isolated from the sponge Axinella polypoides. AB - The aim of this research was to establish the true composition of the 19-nor stanols isolated from the sponge Axinella polypoides and to determine accurate stereochemistry for each 19-nor stanol isolated. The following new 19-nor stanols were collected from this sponge: (i) (22E,24S)-24-methyl-19,27-bisnor-5 alpha cholest-22-en-3 beta-ol, (ii) (22R,23R)-22,23-methylene-19-nor-5 alpha-cholestan 3 beta-ol, (iii) (24 xi)-24-propyl-19-nor-5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol and (iv) (23R,24R)-23,24-dimethyl-19-nor-5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol. The general structure and stereochemistry of all fifteen 19-nor stanols were established by analysis of the MS and H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) data measured for each compound. The relative percentage of 19-nor stanols having delta 22 double bonds should be sufficient to suggest that this sponge could be a potential source of starting material for the partial synthesis of certain oral contraceptives, which also have a 19-nor steroid nucleus. PMID- 6673196 TI - Suicide among older people: projections for the future. AB - Guided by recent demographic analyses of birth cohort effects, the authors demonstrate the relationship between cohort size and longitudinal suicide rates, with reference to four particular cohorts which have entered adulthood at various periods throughout the present century. Combining this perspective with a look at projected population increases among older age groups, estimates are made of the scope of the problem of suicide among older people which is likely to be encountered during the early decades of the next century. PMID- 6673197 TI - Homicide followed by suicide: Los Angeles, 1970-1979. AB - A study of 104 homicide-followed-by-suicide events in Los Angeles during 1970 1979 are reported and compared, in part, to the findings of D.J. West for Wales and England, 1954-1961. Variables discussed are age, ethnicity, sex distribution of both offenders and victims, relationship between them, methods by which victims were killed, alcohol content in victims and offenders, suicide notes, depression, and physical illness. PMID- 6673198 TI - The role of drugs in adolescent suicide attempts. AB - Drug histories of 46 adolescent suicide attempters and their parents are described. In addition, these attempters and their parents are compared with a group of non-attempters and their parents on selected measures of drug use. Findings indicate that adolescent drug use is closely related to and perhaps symptomatic of suicidal behaviors and overall pathology. The relationship between adolescent suicidal behaviors and parental drug use is unclear because of the discrepancy between parent-adolescent responses. PMID- 6673199 TI - On abolishing "death": an etymological note. AB - The distinction is made between two uses of the word "death," specifically, your death (the death of the other) and my death (the death of the self). It makes (logical, epistemological and phenomenological) sense for me to speak of your death, but not for me to speak of my death-inasmuch as, by reasonable definition, I cannot possibly ever experience my death. Dying is experienceable-although one can never be certain. The word death is a perfectly good word for the demise of the other; the word omega is suggested to allude to that non-event (the cessation of the self) now routinely spoken of as "my death," PMID- 6673202 TI - Diversity and polymorphism of the H-2 major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 6673201 TI - Survival in extreme conditions. AB - This article explores the psychosocial and environmental configurations that might have been responsible for an unusual situation of survival under extreme conditions. A group of 500 civilians (mostly Americans) lived 31/2 years in a Japanese internment camp in the philippines during World War II. Although conditions were very harsh, the survival rate of this group was better than expected for a comparable group under normal conditions. Discussion of available demographic, social organizational, and cultural information leads to three hypotheses that might account for this outcome. PMID- 6673200 TI - Family loss and hospital suicide. AB - In 19 consecutive cases of inpatient suicide occurring over many years, 18 out of the 19 cases (95 percent) were judged to have a significant "family" loss issue affecting the suicide. In five cases (26 percent), there seemed to be a powerful institutional attachment and loss threatened that attachment. In 13 cases (68 percent), a major family issue was involved which included events that estranged the patient from the family (real or imagined); divorce or separation issues; death or illness of a significant other; a family that insisted on continued treatment (and/or growth). In 13 cases (68 percent), significant communication from or about the "family" occurred which seemed to have an impact on the suicidal behavior often within days of the final event. In 10 cases (53 percent), an actual family visit had occurred within two weeks of the death. These issues are discussed and case examples presented. PMID- 6673203 TI - Diversity and polymorphism in the MHC appear to be generated by a copy mechanism. PMID- 6673204 TI - Structure of murine class I major histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 6673206 TI - Capping experiments fail to reveal H-2Rd molecules in Dd region. PMID- 6673205 TI - The biochemical genetics of the Qa-Tla region. PMID- 6673207 TI - Polymorphism and expression of Qed. PMID- 6673208 TI - Possible role of regulatory genes in H-2D-end immune functions. PMID- 6673209 TI - Role of the carbohydrate prosthetic groups in the biosynthesis of membrane antigens and in the H-2-restricted lysis of MBL-2 lymphoma cells. PMID- 6673210 TI - Structural and functional alterations in H-2 antigen expression on tumor cells. PMID- 6673212 TI - Biologic significance of autoantibodies against H-2 antigens in syngeneic antitumor sera. PMID- 6673211 TI - Alloimmunization for induction of graft-versus-leukemia reactivity in H-2 compatible donors: critical role for incompatibility of donor and alloimmunizing strains at non-H-2 loci. PMID- 6673213 TI - Physical growth measurements of preschool urban Turkish children. PMID- 6673214 TI - Rubella immunity among hospital personnel. PMID- 6673215 TI - Potter's syndrome: bilateral renal agenesis (a report of two cases emphasizing associated malformations). PMID- 6673216 TI - Lateral cervical thymic cyst. PMID- 6673217 TI - Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome and generalized malabsorption. PMID- 6673218 TI - Myocarditis resulting from ECHO type 21 virus. PMID- 6673219 TI - Operation of cardiopulmonary bypass versus an intracorporeal total artificial heart. PMID- 6673220 TI - The advantage of measurement of intact PTH in the prediction of clinical response and calcium metabolism after subtotal parathyroidectomy for renal osteodystrophy. AB - As previously reported, the circulating half-life of carboxyterminal PTH is greatly prolonged in renal failure (mean t1/2 33.20 +/- 10.18 hrs), while intact PTH is much less affected (t1/2 less than one hour). Preoperative intact PTH levels were strongly predictive of clinical response to subtotal parathyroidectomy, and may help to differentiate the nature of metabolic bone disease in symptomatic dialysis patients. Intact PTH levels showed strong correlation with postoperative calcium metabolism, allowing prediction of extent of postoperative hypocalcemia. Carboxyterminal PTH levels, influenced by renal function as well as by functional parathyroid state, were poorly predictive of response to parathyroidectomy and not correlated with postoperative calcium metabolism. PMID- 6673222 TI - Advantages of self care hemodialysis to patients and hospitals. PMID- 6673221 TI - The unsuitability of BUN as a criterion for prescription dialysis. PMID- 6673223 TI - An unsuspected cause of acute hemolysis during hemodialysis. PMID- 6673224 TI - Determination of the surface tension of protein coated materials by means of the advancing solidification front technique. AB - We investigated whether substrates with different surface tensions would induce a different degree of conformational change in adsorbed protein molecules, which would be reflected by differences in the surface tension of the adsorbed layers. The solidification front technique allowed this study without requiring to expose the protein coated-particle to an air interface which would induce conformational changes in the adsorbed protein layer. With a low bulk albumin concentration (0.1%) decreasing surface tension of the adsorbed protein layer with increasing hydrophobicity of the substrate, suggested more extensive conformational changes on the more hydrophobic surfaces. At high bulk concentrations (0.5% and above) the surface tension of the adsorbed albumin layer was independent of the substrate material and increased to a value of approximately 70.2 ergs/cm2. This was consistent with the surface tension of albumin derived from other independent techniques such as contact angle measurements on thick layers of the protein material or from adsorption data. Freezing front measurements with albumin (BSA or HSA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and fibrinogen adsorbed onto one and the same substrate material, octyl-sepharose beads, indicate that the hydrophobicity of the protein coated sepharose increased in the following order: BSA less than HSA less than IgG less than Fibrinogen. This was in good agreement with the relative hydrophobicity of these proteins determined by other independent methods. PMID- 6673225 TI - Spectroscopic probes of blood-surface interaction. PMID- 6673226 TI - Low stress shear-induced hemolysis in capillary flow. AB - An experimental investigation was undertaken to evaluate shear-induced blood damage behavior in capillaries within the clinically relevant low-stress regime (stress less than 300 dynes/cm2). As a result of these studies, it was determined that: blood damage increases most rapidly during the initial seconds of capillary residence time and then increases more slowly thereafter; there is a minimum capillary length through which red blood cells must travel, before any significant leakage of hemoglobin occurs; capillary blood damage correlates with wall shear rate as H alpha gamma . n, where the exponent depends on the blood sample tested; experimental results for the largest capillary tested indicated a blood cell damage mechanism based on 2 competing factors: a) time of shearing and b) shearing intensity level; the theoretical model developed to describe capillary blood damage is in good agreement with the experimental results. The blood damage model is discussed in another report and is based on the simultaneous contribution of surface and bulk hydrodynamic and mass transfer effects. PMID- 6673227 TI - Surface chemistry and blood-material interactions (BMI). PMID- 6673228 TI - Noninvasive radioisotopic technique for detection of platelet deposition on bovine pericardial mitral-valve prosthesis and in vitro quantification of visceral microembolism in dogs. AB - Platelet deposition on bovine pericardial-tissue mitral-valve prostheses in dogs was observed noninvasively by use of 111In-labeled platelets and quantified after sacrifice at one, 14 and 30 days postimplantation (300-400 microCi of labeled platelets having been injected 24 hrs previously). Thrombosis on the sewing ring and pericardial leaflets at one and 14 days and on the leaflets at 30 days was delineated in scintiphotos. In vitro quantification (% injected dose) indicated that the sewing ring and perivalvular tissue retained 0.75% of labeled platelets at one day postimplantation, 0.084% at 14 days, and 0.0042% at 30 days. Platelet survival was reduced to 38 hrs at 21 days postimplantation but returned toward the normal (50 hrs) with endothelial covering of the sewing ring. Microemboli in lung and kidney, as measured by tissue/blood radioactivity ratio, decreased significantly at 30 days. 111In-labeled platelets thus provide a sensitive marker for noninvasive imaging and in vitro quantification of platelet deposition on valvular prostheses and microemboli trapped in viscera. PMID- 6673229 TI - Evaluation of thrombus deposition onto polymeric biomaterials in a new subhuman primate ex vivo series shunt model. PMID- 6673230 TI - Interaction of albumin-heparin conjugate preadsorbed surfaces with blood. PMID- 6673231 TI - Control of thrombosis in extracorporeal circulation: variations of anticoagulation. PMID- 6673232 TI - Complement depletion prevents pulmonary hypertension and leukopenia in sheep extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. PMID- 6673233 TI - Alkyl derivatized cellulose acetate membranes with enhanced albumin affinity. AB - Alkylation techniques have been developed for C16 derivatization of cellulose acetate membranes. High yields of alkylated cellulose acetate were obtained which led to correspondingly high yields in albumin adsorption. Centrifugation improved impurity removal and enhanced albumin binding to the membrane. The affinity of the alkylated membranes for albumin diminished with increasing degrees of alkylation, which we attribute to steric hindrance effects. The results suggest that improved thromboresistance may be obtained by such means for hemodialysis, plasmapheresis and other filtration applications. PMID- 6673234 TI - Surface modification of polyurethane to promote long-term patency of peritoneal access devices. PMID- 6673236 TI - Anisotropic polyurethane nonwoven conduits: a new approach to the design of a vascular prosthesis. PMID- 6673235 TI - Development of a neo-artery induced by a biodegradable polymeric vascular prosthesis. AB - A microporous, compliant and biodegradable vascular prosthesis prepared from a polyurethane-poly-L-lactic-acid (PU-PLLA) mixture, induces fast growth of a neo artery after implantation as an arterial substitute. The prostheses used in this study resulted in 100% patency. Mechanical functionality of the neo-arteries is suggested by the regeneration of elastic laminae throughout the subintimal tissue. The fact that elastogenesis occurs in our biodegradable PU-PLLA graft may be a step forward in solving the problem of how to maintain a natural compliance in vascular prostheses. PMID- 6673238 TI - Improved catheter patency by means of a simple check-valve mechanism. PMID- 6673237 TI - The importance of cell origin and substrate in the kinetics of endothelial cell alignment in response to steady flow. PMID- 6673239 TI - Oscillating blood flow enhances membrane plasmapheresis. PMID- 6673240 TI - Semi-selective hyperthermia of the cancer-bearing pelvic organs utilizing extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 6673241 TI - Albumin coated and critical point dried polyester prostheses as substitutes in the thoracic aorta of dogs. PMID- 6673243 TI - Artificial kidney, renal failure. PMID- 6673242 TI - Dynamic performance of heart valve prostheses and the testing loop characteristics. PMID- 6673244 TI - First implantation of a 16-channel electric stimulation device in the human body. PMID- 6673245 TI - Peripheral nerve repair with bioresorbable prosthesis. AB - Using the transected sciatic nerve model in adult mice, regeneration of a large bundle of axons organized into the form of a nerve with myelinated and unmyelinated axons, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, collagen, blood vessels, and connective tissue sheaths has been achieved with bioresorbable microtubular guidance channels over gaps of 5 mm in nonimmobilized animals. After 4-6 wks postoperatively, the regenerated nerve cable contains on the order of 40% as many myelinated axons as were measured in the proximal nerve stumps. With the channels used so far in this model, regenerating axons pass into the distal stump in about 3-6 wks postoperatively. The guidance channels used consist of synthetic polyesters and/or polyester composites including glycolic and lactic acid polymers, and polyesters derived from Krebs Cycle dicarboxylic acids. Inflammatory response to these materials has been minimal. Biodegradation/resorption rates can be controlled so as to be compatible with axon growth rates. PMID- 6673246 TI - Histological and mechanical evaluation of the ligament augmentation device. PMID- 6673247 TI - Monitoring of prosthetic vascular grafts using piezoelectric polymer sensors. PMID- 6673248 TI - Selective continuous extracorporal elimination of low-density lipoproteins with heparin at acidic pH. PMID- 6673249 TI - In vivo assessment of pyridoxylated crosslinked polyhemoglobin as an artificial red cell substitute in rats. PMID- 6673250 TI - An indwelling right atrial catheter for long-term hemodialysis. PMID- 6673251 TI - A comparison of dialysis access grafts. PMID- 6673252 TI - Experience with a coaxial dialysis cannula for temporary vascular access. PMID- 6673253 TI - Management of the infected hemodialysis access grafts. PMID- 6673254 TI - A new method to give an antithrombogenicity to biological materials and its successful application to vascular grafts. PMID- 6673255 TI - Regional experience with the Hemasite no-needle access device. PMID- 6673256 TI - Successful conversion of external shunts to arteriovenous fistulas in adults and children with end-stage renal failure. PMID- 6673257 TI - Phosphate in dialysis patients. AB - A single pool extracellular compartment (10-15 L) model was demonstrated to fit changes in plasma Pi (at steady state or rebound during HD) on the assumption that its G increased linearly or exponentially during HD. G at the end of HD was estimated to be 30-300 times that at the start of HD, which suggested rapid outflow of Pi from its reservoirs. When bovine or human RBC as a cellular model of probable Pi reservoirs were incubated with solute-free NSS or dialyzed plasma, BUN instantaneously reached a new equilibrium, but Pi and CR gradually flowed out from RBC. Pi efflux from RBC was observed even after the Pi concentration in the incubation media exceeded its initial plasma concentration. With regard to BUN and Cr, the concentration in RBC estimated from that in the incubation media decreased exponentially during HD corresponding to the change in their plasma concentrations. Estimated concentration of Pi in RBC, however, remained unchanged during HD in spite of significant decreases in its plasma concentration. These results suggest that Pi does not leave RBC by simple diffusion and that RBC contains Pi precursor(s). 31P NMR spectra obtained from packed RBC showed that uremic RBC contained more ATP and unidentified compounds (possibly sugar phosphates) than nonuremic RBC and that the peak amplitude of the latter unidentified compounds significantly decreased in uremic RBC leaving the dialyzer or at the end of HD. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that during incubation at 37 degrees C with NSS or dialyzed plasma, the peak amplitude of 2, 3-DPG decreased in contrast with an increased Pi peak.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6673258 TI - Effect of cooled dialysate on serum catecholamines and blood pressure stability. AB - In the current study dialysis at 34 degrees C resulted in improved vascular stability in a group of patients who developed hypotension on conventional dialysis at 37 degrees C. Side effects of dialysate cooling were not noteworthy. The stability of blood pressure during cool dialysis may at least in part be due to an increase in plasma norepinephrine concentrations not observed during warm dialysis. Although pathogenesis of dialysis induced hypotension has not been clearly elucidated, a reduced vasoconstrictor and catecholamine response may be an important mechanism. PMID- 6673259 TI - Formaldehyde kinetics in reused dialyzers. PMID- 6673260 TI - Acetate intolerance in hemodialysis. PMID- 6673261 TI - Suction-assisted continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. PMID- 6673263 TI - The effect of temperature on the extent of platelet adhesion to foreign surfaces. AB - For a given temperature the extent of platelet adhesion increased with increasing substrate surface tension, in agreement with earlier findings. For a given substrate platelet adhesion decreases linearly with decreasing temperature. Morphometric evaluation of the adhering platelets indicated that the extent of platelet spreading as a function of temperature follows the same pattern as the extent of platelet adhesion. Smaller quantities of ADP were required to induce aggregation at the reduced temperatures. Substrate roughness did not appear to influence the extent of platelet adhesion to any of the surfaces for any of the temperatures examined. PMID- 6673262 TI - Regional citrate anticoagulation in chronic hemodialysis patients. AB - The pronounced leukopenia caused by cuprophane dialyzer membranes was significantly blunted by citrate regional anticoagulation. Cellulose acetate produced less leukopenia than the cuprophane, regardless of anticoagulant. The pO2 response to the initiation of hemodialysis was not affected by dialyzer membrane or anticoagulant choice. We therefore conclude that citrate anticoagulation reduces dialyzer-induced leukopenia. Citrate anticoagulation does not, however, change the hypoxemia present with acetate dialysis. The dissociation of leukopenia and hypoxemia with citrate anticoagulation suggests that pulmonary sequestration is not a major cause of hypoxemia during hemodialysis. PMID- 6673264 TI - Measurements of platelet collision efficiency upon virgin and platelet-primed (foot-printed) fibrinogen with fluorescent video-microscopy. PMID- 6673265 TI - Platelet-protein interactions at blood-polymer interfaces in the canine test model. PMID- 6673266 TI - The biochemical mechanisms of shear-induced platelet aggregation. PMID- 6673268 TI - A distributed source-model for the hybrid artificial pancreas. PMID- 6673267 TI - Retrieval of artificial blood cells (perfluorochemical) from whole blood. PMID- 6673270 TI - Plasma collection by on-line membrane plasmapheresis with plasmax. PMID- 6673271 TI - Prototype of hybrid artificial liver assist system. PMID- 6673269 TI - Cryogel studies for the optimization of cryofiltration (CF) therapy. AB - This study has shown that cryofilter plugging correlates with pretreatment pathologic macromolecule concentrations (e.g. rheumatoid factor and immune complexes) in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Pathologic macromolecules are concentrated relative to albumin in the cryogel. Molecular aggregation in the cryogel depends upon heparin concentration, exhibiting maximum aggregation in a specific range of heparin concentrations. Molecular aggregation in cryogel increases with decreasing temperature. In the use of cryofiltration in over 50 rheumatoid arthritis patients, clinical improvement has accompanied the removal of cryogel and the pathologic macromolecules it contains. Filter plugging or cryogel formation may be indicators of disease activity. Formation of cryogel is variable depending upon type of disease, severity of disease, temperature, heparin concentration, and membrane structure. These factors are important parameters to consider to optimize conditions for removal of cryogel and for continuing improvement of plasma therapeutic techniques for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6673272 TI - Silicone as coating material for hemoperfusion. AB - The effectiveness of activated charcoal in direct hemoperfusion (DHP) has been recognized, but there are still problems with a decrease in solid components of blood and of dimishing adsorption capacity by coating layers on the surface of the sorbents in DHP. In the present study, we have developed activated charcoal derived from thermosetting resin, coated with silicone, and have observed changes in blood components after a 3 hr DHP. Adsorption capacity of the activated charcoal was determined in vitro, and was compared with noncoated charcoal and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) coated charcoal. Reduction in leukocyte and platelet counts was less with the silicone coated and PHEMA coated charcoals than with the noncoated charcoal. Variations in leukocyte counts and platelet counts were less in DHP with silicone-coated charcoal than with the others. Adsorption of the solid components of blood on the silicone-coated charcoal, examined by scanning electron microscopy after DHP, was very slight, showing its excellent applicability to DHP therapy. The degree of adsorption of various amino acids and related compounds on the silicone-coated charcoal was comparable to that on the noncoated charcoal. Thus, there seems only slight reduction in the degree of adsorption on the silicone-coated charcoal. PMID- 6673273 TI - Portocaval hemofiltration during the anhepatic phase in isolated liver perfusion. PMID- 6673274 TI - Not the artificial beta cell algorithms but their parameter values are important in automated glucose control of insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - The blood glucose responses of diabetic dogs on the ABC are nearly identical if different algorithms, but equivalent sets of parameters are used to control the glucose-dependent insulin infusion. There are however some differences in the insulin doses applied, which obviously result from different response kinetics of the particular formula to the minor BG oscillations that always occur. In the practical application of closed-loop systems the control constants should be individually estimated on the basis of certain controlled plant characteristics. For use in patients the checking and modeling systems still have to be simplified. The limits of the study, i.e. the fact that normoglycemia was restored for a short time only using the IV instead of the physiological portal route, remain the subject of further investigation. PMID- 6673275 TI - Changes in red cell mass, plasma volume and hematocrit in patients on CAPD. AB - In summary, sequential measurements of hematocrit, red cell mass and plasma volume were made in 10 CAPD patients over one year. There was a demonstrated rise in Hct, accompanied by, and correlated with, a fall in plasma volume. There was, however, no change in red cell mass at one year. PMID- 6673276 TI - Closed loop computerized control of sodium nitroprusside. PMID- 6673277 TI - Spontaneous membrane plasmapheresis. PMID- 6673278 TI - Instant shift from continuous flow assistance to paracorporeal diaphragm type pulsatile assistance. AB - Experiments were conducted implementing a special technique for shifting instantaneously from continuous flow to pulsatile flow assistance by using the assistant heart and obtaining the following results: Within only a few minutes, the shift could easily be made from one type of flow assistance to another on calves with normal hearts. In the 10 calves in which ventricular failure was produced, this instantaneous shift from continuous to pulsatile flow assistance brought about remarkable improvements in their hemodynamics. At the occurrence ventricular fibrillation in 6 of the calves, the return to sinus rhythm was possible with aid of this shift mechanism. PMID- 6673279 TI - Physiopathological studies of nonpulsatile blood flow in chronic models. PMID- 6673280 TI - Percutaneous energy transmission systems: long-term survival. PMID- 6673281 TI - Efficiency of high volume low frequency continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PMID- 6673282 TI - Infection in artificial blood pump implantation. AB - Infection has been observed in artificial heart experimentation to be of early onset and generally within the first 2 postoperative weeks. The organisms most often detected in blood cultures were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, E. coli and Enterococcus, all of which are intestinal species. Contamination is thus thought to be the most plausible cause of perioperative infection. Absolute sterility must be maintained in animal care areas and blood access to these animals is to be minimized. Although prompt selection of a proper antibiotic therapy is essential, the eradication of infection maintains a poor prognosis. The time course of fibrinogen levels is a reliable index to determine the onset of infection. PMID- 6673283 TI - Infection in total artificial heart recipients. PMID- 6673284 TI - Development of an implantable, integrated, electrically powered ventricular assist system. PMID- 6673285 TI - In vivo evaluation of a compact, implantable left ventricular assist system (LVAS). PMID- 6673286 TI - Clinicomorphologic correlations following long-term implantation of cloth-covered prosthetic heart valves: implications for device development. PMID- 6673287 TI - Polyester fibril flocked surface for blood pumps. PMID- 6673288 TI - Inhibition of epithelial downgrowth on percutaneous access devices in swine. PMID- 6673289 TI - Magnetically actuated LVAD. PMID- 6673290 TI - Observations on inadequate buffer concentration in peritoneal dialysis solutions for CCPD. PMID- 6673292 TI - Effect of the concomitant use of dynamic patch left ventricular assist device and counterpulsation on the ischemic failing heart. PMID- 6673291 TI - Left atrial-to-aortic assistance with in-line left ventricular venting. AB - Left atrial-to-aortic assistance (LA-A) has been employed for left ventricular failure (LVF) refractory to intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. Although clinical success has been reported, LA-A is limited by incomplete left ventricular (LV) decompression. We have developed a method to augment LA-A with an in-line LV apical vent (LA-lv-A). LVF was produced in 12 dogs by ligation of the circumflex coronary artery. Circulatory assistance was established with LA (28-32 Fr), LV apex (12-14 Fr) and femoral artery cannulation and a centrifugal pump. LA-A assistance was compared to LA-lv-A. Left atrial pressure was reduced from 10 +/- 3 torr to 5 +/- 3 torr (p less than 0.001), left ventricular systolic pressure was reduced from 48 +/- 4 torr to 9 +/- 2 torr (p less than 0.001) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was reduced from 10 +/- 2 torr to 1 +/- 1 torr (p less than 0.001). We conclude that LA-lv-A results in complete LV decompression. LA-lv-A should be considered as an alternative method for temporary left heart bypass. PMID- 6673293 TI - Noninvasive cardiac monitoring and diagnostics for pneumatic pumping ventricles. PMID- 6673294 TI - Reduction of myocardial infarct size: a comparison of the effectiveness of intra aortic balloon pumping and transapical left ventricular bypass. AB - The present study reveals that, in our experimental infarct model, only left ventricular bypass is effective in reducing the infarct size within the region at risk when pumping is initiated 3 hrs after the onset of acute ischemia. It also confirms that, although high flow through the bypass system is effective in the large infarct model, total left ventricular decompression is not a necessary criterion for the recovery of the infarcted myocardium. PMID- 6673295 TI - Sequential external counterpulsation (SECP) in China. AB - A new SECP was developed and is currently successfully used in more than 120 clinics in China. This sequenced counterpulsation device has the effect of milking more blood as pressure is applied on the extremities in succession (first distally then proximally) and in decreasing values (265 to 200 mm Hg). In comparison of the 4 types of counterpulsation, namely nonsequenced leg and 4 limb counterpulsation, and sequenced 4 limb and 4 limb with buttock balloons, the SECP with buttock balloons method raised the DA to appreciably higher levels with respect to DA amplitude and area. DA was raised 43.9% higher than that obtained with 4 limb SECP alone. From our experimental and clinical results, we conclude that SECP with buttock balloons is a far more effective method providing greater diastolic augmentation than previously reported in the literature. Two hundred angina and 52 AMI patients who had undergone the SECP treatment constitute the basis of this report. The present work represents an analysis of 6 yrs experience with studies on the design, development and clinical evaluation of the SECP method. Ninety-seven percent of the angina patients obtained long-term symptomatic relief. Relapse was minimal. In 95.7% of the AMI patients chest pain or shock symptoms were rapidly relieved. SECP with high DA appears to be very effective in improving myocardial blood supply and ventricular function. Moreover, the simplicity and advantages of this noninvasive sequenced counterpulsation method have been reported (1063 cases) from 31 clinics in China. This method is convenient, safe, and far more effective than conventional drug therapy for patients with acute and chronic ischemic myocardial disease. PMID- 6673296 TI - Effective use of amino acid dialysate over four weeks in CAPD patients. PMID- 6673297 TI - Successful peritonitis reduction with a unidirectional bacteriologic CAPD filter. PMID- 6673298 TI - Hemodialysis, in contrast to CAPD, improves parasympathetic function in ESRD patients. PMID- 6673299 TI - Evaluation of a polymer dialysate. PMID- 6673300 TI - Feasibility of a sterile splice for connection in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6673301 TI - A new catheter for peritoneal dialysis (two years of experience with Valli catheter). AB - The authors analyze the experience of more than 2 yrs of peritoneal dialysis with a new type of catheter. The catheter proposed allows higher flow rates and the maximum outflow of fluid even if malpositioned. The possibility of migration of the catheter is also reduced. The main new feature of this catheter consists in a perforated silastic balloon which protects the distal end of a standard Tenckhoff catheter. PMID- 6673302 TI - Progressive sclerosing peritonitis: a late and severe complication of maintenance peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6673303 TI - Acute and chronic studies of the relationship between sodium flux in hemodialysis and hemofiltration. PMID- 6673304 TI - Separation of Na+ and H2O transport during hemodialysis and quantification of high-low NaDi levels during sequential sodium therapy. PMID- 6673305 TI - Sequential changes in dialysate sodium (DNa) during hemodialysis. PMID- 6673307 TI - A bag-filter model as machineless artificial kidney. PMID- 6673308 TI - Experience with the disinfectant peroxyacetic acid (PES) for hemodialyzer reuse. PMID- 6673306 TI - In vivo membrane depolarizations. PMID- 6673309 TI - A model for study of the kinetics of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PMID- 6673311 TI - Sodium fluxes during hemodialysis. PMID- 6673310 TI - A new approach to glomerular filtration. PMID- 6673312 TI - Treatment for cholestatic liver disease (CLD): plasma sorption and filtration for improved bilirubin removal. PMID- 6673313 TI - Attachment of adult rat hepatocytes to modified Amicon XM-50 membranes. PMID- 6673314 TI - Effect of an oral adsorbent on chronic hepatic disturbance. PMID- 6673315 TI - Cold as cardiovascular stabilizing factor in hemodialysis: hemodynamic evaluation. AB - Vascular instability represents the most frequent intradialytic complication of uremic patients. Catecholamine impairment, changes in plasma sodium or osmolality and, more recently, temperature (T) of dialysate have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. In order to evaluate the role of T in hemodynamic stability, we studied the effect of cooling dialysate in 5 patients (3 m, 2 f), who often experienced hypotension during dialytic sessions. Dialysate T was lowered, leading to a body T decrease of 1.5 degrees C, measured by a thermistor in the pulmonary artery. Ultrafiltration was kept constant during both "warm" (W) and "cold" (C) hemodialysis (HD). Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic parameters were studied by thermodilution technique. The evaluation was performed in the same patients during W-HD and C-HD with the same dialysate composition. MAP showed a significant reduction during the first hour under both dialysis conditions. Subsequently a further decrease of MAP was observed in W-HD, while it remained stable in C-HD. CI and SI demonstrated similar trends, whereas HR showed no major changes. TPRI appeared significantly higher during C-HD compared to W-HD, with no clinical symptoms of hypotension. Similarly pulmonary parameters resulted in a better cardiovascular stability during C-HD. Our hemodynamic study confirms the important role played by T on intradialytic vascular stability and may explain the better control observed during hemofiltration compared to standard W-HD. PMID- 6673316 TI - Effect of extracorporeal IgG removal on IgG kinetics. PMID- 6673317 TI - Selective removal of immune complexes by cryofiltration in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6673318 TI - Interactions between platelets and red blood cells in plasma filtration. PMID- 6673319 TI - Flow controlled selective plasma ultrafiltration (SPU) with on line membrane regeneration by back flush techniques. PMID- 6673321 TI - Aluminum kinetics of the REDY system: a study of the impact of deferoxamine therapy. PMID- 6673320 TI - Portable artificial heart systems. PMID- 6673322 TI - Membranes in artificial organs: a state-of-the-problem discussion. PMID- 6673323 TI - Impact of regulations on artificial organs research. AB - From a research perspective, some of the primary problems created by the FDA regulations include: the amount of time necessary to comply with the regulations and to obtain FDA and IRB review of the studies. The cost of such delays may be great in terms of statistical death. Lack of understanding of the regulations on the part of investigators. Escalated costs and extra restrictions on the use of animals. Benefits of the regulations appear to be: better preclinical testing performed prior to initiating clinical trials, and improved testing protocols, both of which may result in lower risks to patients. PMID- 6673324 TI - Clinical plasmapheresis - who needs it? PMID- 6673325 TI - Comparing vascular access methods. AB - Adequate AV access remains the key to long-term survival of patients having ESRD requiring maintenance hemodialysis. The standard AV fistula described by Brescia and Cimino remains the time proven preferred hemodialysis AV access. However, the overwhelming majority of ESRD patients have inadequate, absent, or thrombosed vasculature preventing surgical creation of the fistula bringing out the necessity for prosthetic grafts. The Bovine heterograft, although associated with increased primary thrombosis and a shorter duration of patency, does offer greater stimulation of fibroblastic ingrowth in some patients with predictable poor healing characteristics. The reinforced PTFE (Gore-Tex) graft for construction of a bridged AV fistula has proven to be a valuable, reliable prosthetic with a minimum complication rate and the longer duration of patency when used as AV access. The physical characteristics and physiological properties of Gore-Tex and Bovine grafts are reviewed in Table II. PMID- 6673326 TI - On flash points, glory and the house of science. Presidential address. PMID- 6673328 TI - Ischemic dysfunction: relationship to mechanical rest. PMID- 6673327 TI - Response of the human body to the first permanent implant of the Jarvik-7 Total Artificial Heart. AB - The success of the first permanent total artificial heart implant would have been more obvious had the patient been able to be transferred from the hospital to an outlying home care setting. Nevertheless, several major achievements were realized. First, we were able to demonstrate that the total artificial heart will fit within an adult male chest without causing obstruction to inflow or outflow channels. Second, we were able to demonstrate that the total artificial heart would sustain life on a long-term basis (at least up to 112 days) without any evidence of systemic or local infection and without any untoward systemic effects. Third, we were able to demonstrate that the patient was able to tolerate a total artificial heart without complaint of the noise or the bulk of the drive system to which he required permanent attachment and that the patient could be comfortable and totally free of pain. An additional finding, which could not be assessed in the animal experimentations, was the fact that the patient was able to maintain higher CNS activity on an undisturbed basis following the implant of the total artificial heart. It is for these reasons that the entire University of Utah Medical Center staff feel great indebtedness to the patient and his family for demonstrating to the world the feasibility and the necessity for pursuing this device as a new therapy for end-stage heart disease. PMID- 6673329 TI - Coronary blood flow augmentation by intra-aortic balloon pumping during open chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 6673330 TI - Chronic in vivo evaluations of a long-term, implantable left ventricular assist system. AB - Total THI/Gould LVAS experience includes 59 pneumatically and electrically actuated blood pump evaluations (in calves, goats and sheep), including 23 studies with the Gould Model V energy converter. This experience has resulted in greater than 8 cumulative years of actuation, in vivo, including electrically actuated LVAS durations up to 6 mos. PMID- 6673331 TI - Nursing and related care homes. PMID- 6673332 TI - Hypothalamic-hypophysial vasculature and its relationship to secretory cells of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. PMID- 6673333 TI - [Clinico-morphologic changes in the small intestine mucosa in duodenal ulcer]. AB - The morphological-functional state of small-intestinal mucosa was studied in patients with duodenal ulcer. The authors established that the functional disorders developed mainly in the intestines, manifested with enhanced resorption and considerable increase of mucus production by mucosa, with highly increased content of glucosamine-glicans in the mucus. Those processes have compensatory adaptive and protective character associated with the high acidity of the gastric juice in case of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6673334 TI - [Possibility for studying the life expectancy of patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy by dispensary observation]. AB - The follow-up cards of 1100 patients that died of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) within the period 1962-1981 were studied with a view to establishing the incidence of the disease in Vratza district, affection of sex and age and chiefly -the duration of the disease. The authors established that the disease was found in 47 settlements of Vratza district, that the females were more often affected as compared with the males and that the subjects aged from 30 to 70 were most frequently affected. More that the half of the patients with BEN was established by the authors, to die with--in the first 5 years since the onset of the disease, whereas the rest--live longer, in single cases, over 20 years. PMID- 6673335 TI - [Familial nature of Balkan endemic nephropathy]. AB - Quite contradictory data are found in literature as regards the family character of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). Various authors report various incidence, ranging from 30 to 100%. During the period 1961-1980, a total of 2252 patients with BEN were followed up. With the processing of their family-grams, the greater part of the patients showed a familial grouping. Two or a greater number of affected by BEN were found in the family-grams of 1982 of the patients, i.e. the family character was established in 88%. In many families, followed-up for years as free of BEN, single cases of the disease appeared. In spite of that fact, the family character of BEN is characteristic for the disease and deserves a particular attention in the elucidation of etiology and pathogenesis of BEN. PMID- 6673336 TI - [Changes in the cellular-humoral immune reactivity of patients with lupus nephritis and chronic glomerulonephritis treated with corticosteroids or corticosteroids and imuran]. AB - The changes in cellular-humoral immune reactivity were followed up in 13 patients with lupus nephritis and 10 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, treated with corticosteroids or with corticosteroids and imuran. A tendency to correction of lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte deficiency, inhibition of FsG- and FsM-receptor lymphocytes and of T-gamma and T-mu lymphocyte subpopulations was established in the patients with lupus nephritis, treated only with corticosteroids. The treatment with corticosteroids and imuran inhibited more sharply T gamma- and T mu lymphocytes than with corticosteroids alone. It was established, in the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, treated with corticosteroids, that GsG- and FsM-receptor lymphocytes were with significantly lower values than the non treated ones. No significant changes were established in B-cellular reactivity and serum level of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) with the treatment with corticosteroids and corticosteroids and imuran in both nosological entities. C3- fraction of the complement in the lupus patients treated was with lower values than in the non-treated. The authors conclude that the corticosteroids and corticosteroids and imuran, inhibiting the reactivity of T-lymphocytes, regulating the immune-biological balance, should be cautiously used and under the control of the cellular populations, exposed to their effect. PMID- 6673337 TI - [Age-related characteristics of the normal blood content of lipids and lipoproteins and in arterial hypertension]. AB - The quantity of low and very low density lipoproteins and the total cholesterine is increased in the blood of healthy subjects with advanced age (60-74) as compared with young subjects (20-30). The incidence of hyperlipoproteinemias is increased and cholesterine content is reduced in the composition of high density lipoproteins. In old age (75-89) those discrepancies are less manifested as compared with the young. Hyperlipoproteinemias (IIa, IIb, II and IV types) are more frequent in hypertonic disease, mainly in young patients and patients with advanced age. The content of lipids and lipoproteins in blood is increased in atherosclerotic systolic hypertension; hyperlipoproteinemias (mainly IV type) are found more often in old age. PMID- 6673338 TI - [Cardiac lesions in alcoholic patients]. AB - On the base of literature data and their own experience, the authors discuss the problems of the early diagnosis of alcoholic cardiopathy. With the study on the cardiac disorders in 1039 alcoholic patients, the authors established a nutritive type of affection (according to D. Tolbott classification, 1975) in 6 per cent of the patients, being most frequent in the patients with steady and continuous type of drinking, toxic type of lesions in 84,62 per cent and conductive type - in 9,38 per cent. With the studies on the contractility of myocardium, it was established that the changes in contractility preceded the electrocardiographic and X-ray changes. The increased time for normalization of the polycardiographic indices, after loading, is considered, by the authors, an early indication for the changes in contractility. The discontinuation of alcohol drinking has been accompanied by a shortening of the time for normalization of A-wave from apexcardiogram, the ratio IVET/EICT and cardiac index. The treatment of alcoholic cardiopathy is recommended to be always complex, where along with pharmacotherapy, the individual and group psychotherapy play their role. PMID- 6673339 TI - [Use of Falicard and Sectral in patients with COPD and ischemic heart disease]. AB - Thirty patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ChOPD) and concomitant ischemic heart disease (IHD) were studied that were admitted to the clinic for the treatment of a recurrence of the basic disease within the period 1981-1982. The patients were grouped into three groups of 10 patients and each group was treated for a period of 14 days, as follows: group 1--10 patients were given only sectral 50 mg per os during the first week and 10 mg/day during the second week; group II--treated with falicard, 5 mg daily, intravenously, for one week and later 2 X 5 mg, intravenously--the second week; group III, received sectral--50-100 mg/day after 5 mg falicard intravenously. Best results, manifested with a reduction of the paroxysms of dyspnea and stenocardia, were obtained in group III, suggesting the advantage of the combined effect with cardioselective beta-blockers and Ca-antagonists in the patients with ChOPD and concomitant IHD. PMID- 6673340 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of pleural changes in asbestosis]. AB - One of the characteristic biological effects of the inhaled asbestos dust is the formation of hyaline thickenings on all pleurae in the form of plaques, in which calcium could be deposited. Due to the difficulties in the differentiation of the pleural hyalinosis with the conventional X-ray methods, the authors studied the potentialities of echography in 18 patients in contact with asbestos. They used two apparatuses (type "grey scale" 3401 of the firm (Bruel & Kjaer with linear scanning and "Siam" with sector scanning). Echography could establish areas of thickening on the parietal and diaphragmatic pleurae, to determine their thickness in micron and the degree of echogenicity. The comparison with the X-ray examination of the chest (face and I oblique position, lowvoltage technique) showed a positive finding with both methods in 7, suspicious X-ray finding with positive echography--in I, positive finding only with echography--in 6 and negative by both methods--in 4 subjects. The echographic examination on pleura is a rapid, cheap and harmless method, contributing not only to the early detection of its asbestosis lesions but to the elucidation of the etiology of pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 6673341 TI - [Menopausal indices as criteria for the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment of the climacteric syndrome (preliminary report)]. AB - Ten female patients with manifested climacteric syndrome (CS) were treated by acupuncture according to the traditional east methodology, the basic therapy making use of the points--Nai-Guan, Gun-Sun, Ha-Gu and Zsu-San-Li and for the determination of the severity of CS and the effect of its treatment --five of the most often applied menopause indices (MI) in the hormonal treatment of CS were used. Copperman, Blatt--modification of Neugarten and Kreins: Jones, Marshall and Nordin: Wenderlein and Striker. The favourable clinical results observed from the acupuncture treatment, determined by MI, are similar to the results, reported by the authors, making use of MI in the hormonal treatment of CS. That provided grounds to admit that they are suitable criteria also for the objectivization of the effect of the acupuncture treatment of climacteric syndrome. PMID- 6673342 TI - [Comparative studies of the analytical reliability of the results of various hematologic tests]. AB - In connection with the implementation of new methods and apparatuses for the determination of hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, MCV, MCH, MCHC and leukocytes, the reproducibility was studied in series, compared with the arithmetical means and standard deviations and correlation analysis of the results was performed. Manual and automated, to various degrees, investigation methods were used. The reproducibility in hemoglobin determination was very good, with no significant differences between the means of the different methodical variants. The microhematocrit method provided a very good reproducibility for hematocrit, with significant differences in the means of the three methods used. The reproducibility of erythrocytes was between 1,09% and 2,34%. VK of leukocytes ranged from 2,0% to 5,73%. The differences between the means of the different methods for erythrocyte count and, in the majority of the cases, for leukocytes, allow the statistically significant comparability of the results. The best reproducibility from the mathematical indices of erythrocytes was obtained for MCHC. The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the methods compared in all parameters studied. PMID- 6673343 TI - [Balkan endemic nephropathy and tumors of the excretory system]. PMID- 6673344 TI - [Hormones and immunogenesis]. PMID- 6673345 TI - [Essentiale in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 6673346 TI - [Intrahepatic cholestasis. I. Classification, etiopathogenesis, clinical forms and diagnosis]. PMID- 6673347 TI - [Treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis using plasmapheresis]. AB - A case with Wegener's granulomatosis in a young woman is described. The diagnosis was made after extirpation and histological investigation of granuloma tissue from the nasal concha and by needle renal biopsy. A successful treatment was carried out with plasmapheresis, hemodialysis and immune-suppressors, the acute paroxysm being coped as well as the developed acute renal insufficiency. After each plasmapheresis a considerable reduction of the circulating immune complexes was established. After a remission of 9 months the patient developed a stage of terminal chronic renal insufficiency and was subjected to chronic dialysis with good rehabilitation. PMID- 6673349 TI - [Rescreening study of the population of the endemic village Gorno Peshtene, Vrachansk]. AB - The number of the recorded patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy gradually decreased during the period after 1970. The author explains that by the interrupted prophylactic examinations and screenings of the population from the endemic villages during that period. The results obtained with the repeated screening, after 16 years, of the population of one hyperendemic village in Vratza district support that view point. New 74 patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy were found, 8 of them with uroepithelial tumours of the upper urinary pathways. Together with the 45 patients known so far, their total number amounts to 119, suggesting that 13,7 per cent of the population from that village has been affected by the disease. Those data convincingly suggest that the morbidity rate from Balkan endemic nephropathy in our country has not decreased - only its recording has been neglected, due to the interruption of the active search of those patients via screening of the population from the endemic settlements. That emphasizes the great importance of those investigation methods in the establishment of the real Balkan endemic nephropathy morbidity. PMID- 6673348 TI - [Clinical and morphologic stages in Balkan endemic nephropathy]. AB - The first clinical classification of Balkan endemic nephropathy was elaborated by A. Puhlev et al in 1960, according to which two stages could be established in the course of the disease-compensated and decompensated. Gradually, many new data accumulated as regards the various aspects of the disease, that cannot be put into the frames of the first clinical classification. On the base of the author's own long-term complex clinical-laboratory, functional, instrumental and nephrobiopsic studies, he admits the existence of four stahes in the clinical and morphological course of the Balkan endemic nephropathy. 1. Initial stage, reflecting the onset of the morbid process. The disease, at that stage, could be diagnosed via some provoking methods or renal biopsy. Morphologically, light alterations in some glomerules were established as well as more severe ones in the cells of the proximal tubules. 2. Subclinical stage - decreet and inconstant manifestations of the disease were established with completely preserved renal function. The size of the kidneys is slightly reduced - bilaterally. The morphological alterations are localized in the glomerules, proximal tubules, small vessels and interstitium. 3. Compensated stage - with manifested renal symptomatics and considerable morphological alterations in renal parenchyma, but still preserved excretory function. 4. Decompensated stage - where the known four stages of the chronic renal insufficiency are included. The classification proposed reflects the dynamics of the advancement of the morbid process. In this way, the most adequate treatment is enabled as well as the prophylaxis and assessment of working capacity and disability of the patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy. PMID- 6673350 TI - [Longitudinal observation of patients with subclinical stages of Balkan endemic nephropathy]. AB - One hundred patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy, subclinical stage were complexly examined under clinical conditions, and later, in the course of 20 years they were subjects of followup care. The indices followed up revealed how slowly and gradually the characteristic clinical and laboratory signs of the disease were manifested. The duration of the disease was established to be far longer than that known so far (7-8 years), determined by anamnestic data of the patients about the disease onset, which usually coincided with some of the stages of the chronic renal insufficiency. Furthermore, by a long-term observation of the patients in the subclinical stage, it was established that the preazotemic stage of the disease was much longer than the azotemic. That fact is of great significance for the non-specific prophylaxis of the disease with a view to a further prolongation of its azotemic-free stage. PMID- 6673351 TI - [Pericarditis in acute myocardial infarct]. AB - The incidence, diagnostics and significance of pericarditis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were studied, depending on some factors - sex and age of the patients and site of infarction in four patients groups and deceased: I-132 deceased with AMI abd cardiac rupture; II 337 deceased with AMI, 46 of them with aneurysms; III-334 deceased and 153 patients with subendocardial infarction and IV - 140 patients with AMI. Pericarditis was diagnosed in 8.1 per cent of the patients with AMI, in 16.6 per cent of the deceased with AMI and aneurysms, in 24,2 per cent of those with cardiac rupture and very rarely in the deceased with subendocardial infarction. It is more frequent in males, with anterior infarction and in the younger subjects. Pericardial friction occurred on 2-3 day, localized behind the sternum and in IV left intercostal space, whereas in posterior infarction - a little below. Pain is an important sign of pericarditis. imposing a very careful search of pericardial friction. ECG signs of acute pericarditis are not very often. The presence of pericarditis suggests a possibility of aneurysm formation, manifestation of cardiac insufficiency, increases the probability of cardiac rupture and mortality rate is greater with pericardial complications, hence it is an unfavourable prognostic sign. PMID- 6673352 TI - [Transient pathologic Q-wave--necrosis or ischemia?]. PMID- 6673353 TI - [Diagnostic and surgical tactics in primary hyperparathyroidism]. AB - Fifty seven patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are reported to be successfully operated. The pneumomodiastinography and hypotensive esophagoscopy, according to Reimberg--Semzov, were used for preoperation localization of the pathologically changed para thyroid glands. Operation technique applied in adenoma, hyperplasia and carcinoma of parathyroid glands is described. The lethality of the operations performed is 0 per cent. The early and late postoperative results are analyzed as well as the favourable effect on the alterations in the osseous, gastrointestinal and excretory system. The necessity of early diagnosis of the disease is stressed upon as well as the timely performance of the operation. PMID- 6673355 TI - The marathon for health for all. PMID- 6673354 TI - [Determination of changes in the mineral content of the bones of diabetics by photon absorption measurements]. AB - The absolute value of mineral content of the bones (MCB), obtained from a single measurement and compared with the so called mean or normal value for a certain age-sex population, cannot be a reliable diagnostic index owing to the great individual discrepancies of MCB, reaching even to +/- 40%. Only the successive, dynamic and compared within each other values of MCB could be of use for the purposes of medical diagnostics and therapy. As a result for periodic measurements in patients with diabetes, the juvenile diabetes was concluded to be characterized by a higher initial MCB value and a faster demineralization, contrary to diabetes that advanced at an older age. PMID- 6673356 TI - Toward worldwide rabies control. PMID- 6673357 TI - [Anatomopathological findings in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 6673358 TI - [Functional hyperbilirubinemia in adults]. PMID- 6673359 TI - [Chronic respiratory tract diseases in workers in the animal feed processing industry]. PMID- 6673360 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological analysis of nocturnal enuresis in children]. PMID- 6673361 TI - [Isolated mitral valve insufficiency in a patient with Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 6673362 TI - [Acute appendicitis with perforation into the right fallopian tube]. PMID- 6673363 TI - [Malignant neurilemmoma of the small intestine]. PMID- 6673364 TI - [A case of ovarian adenoacanthoma in a 74-year-old woman]. PMID- 6673365 TI - [Post-traumatic tumor of the clavicle]. PMID- 6673366 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in tularemia]. PMID- 6673367 TI - [Various aspects of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis]. PMID- 6673368 TI - [Sphincter preservation in rectal cancer: possibilities and limits of anterior resection]. AB - The feasibility of sphincter preservation was studied in surgery of tumours in the upper, middle and lower third of the rectum. All patients operated on for rectal cancer between January 1977 and May 1980 were included in the investigation. Preoperative localization of the tumours was performed with the rigid sigmoidoscope. Every patient was scheduled for post-operative follow up. Altogether 211 patients were operated on for rectal cancer. 111 were treated by anterior resection, 90 by abdominoperineal excision, and 10 by other sphincter saving methods. All of the 59 tumours located in the upper third of the rectum (12 to 16 cm from the anus) were treated by anterior resection. 62 tumours were located in the middle third (8 to 12 cm). In these cases anterior resection was carried out in 60% of the men and in 82% of the women, whereas the other patients underwent abdominoperineal excision. 80 tumours were located in the lower third (4 to 8 cm). Anterior resection was possible in only 4.4% of the men and in 14% of the women. Irrespective of their localization on sigmoidoscopy, 37% of the tumours which were within reach of the finger on rectal palpation could be removed by anterior resection. Local recurrence after anterior resection occurred in 18.3%, the median follow-up time being 50 months. The cumulative probable survival for all stages was more than 5 years for 60% of the patients. PMID- 6673369 TI - [Hemolytic transfusion incident caused by a Kidd-antibody, anti-Jka]. AB - A severe haemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-Jka, is described. The antibody was not detected in the cross-match test in saline and 22% bovine serum albumin after incubation at 4, 20 and 37 degrees C. This observation shows that the indirect antiglobulin test (= indirect Coombs reaction), which is able to reveal such antibodies, should be routinely performed in all cases with a history of transfusion and/or pregnancy. PMID- 6673370 TI - Metabolism of tetraorganolead compounds by rat-liver microsomal mono-oxygenase. I. Analytical methods for quantitative determination of dealkylation products. AB - Different methods have been examined for the separation and determination of the triethyl lead ion in the presence of tetraethyl lead in biological material. Quantitative recovery of triethyl lead, and a limit of detection of less than 10( 8)M, were obtained with selective chromatography on kieselguhr (Extrelut) in combination with atomic absorption spectrometry. PMID- 6673371 TI - Metabolism of tetraorganolead compounds by rat-liver microsomal mono-oxygenase. II. Enzymic dealkylation of tetraethyl lead. AB - The biological degradation of tetraethyl lead to the triethyl lead cation by rat liver microsomes from untreated, phenobarbital-pretreated and methylcholanthrene pretreated rats has been studied; NADPH and oxygen are essential. The reaction is inhibited by CO and can be reactivated in the presence of O2 by irradiation with u.v. light with a max. at 450 nm. Substrate binding to cytochrome P-450 is of type 1. Apparent Km values for triethyl lead formation in microsomes were determined. The highest activities (i.e. about 2 nmol triethyl lead per nmol cytochrome P-450 per min) and the lowest apparent Km values (i.e. 7 X 10(-6) M) are found in microsomes from methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats. In microsomes from control and phenobarbital-pretreated rats Ks values from substrate-binding studies (about 2 X 10(-6) M) are one order of magnitude lower than the apparent Km values (3 X 10(-5) M). PMID- 6673372 TI - Biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation of paracetamol in the rat. AB - Within 8 h after i.v. administration of paracetamol (100 mg/kg) to rats, 28.7% was excreted into bile; 1.2% dose as unchanged drug, 14.3% as the glucuronide, 8.2% as the sulphate, 4.7% as the glutathione conjugate, 0.32% as the mercapturate. Rats with cannulated bile-ducts excreted 62.8% dose in the urine in 8 h compared with 83.5% in sham-operated rats. Metabolites in urine were paracetamol sulphate (63.2%), the glucuronide (12.1%), unchanged paracetamol (7%), and the mercapturate (1.2%). Bile containing paracetamol and its conjugates was infused into the duodenum and within 8 h 45.3% was excreted (5.6% in bile and 39.7% in urine). In rats not subjected to surgery, 91.3% dose (100 mg/kg, i.v.) was excreted in urine in 24 h. However, in rats treated twice with activated charcoal or cholestyramine (2 X 1 g/kg orally), urine excretion was decreased to 72.8 and 59.3% dose, respectively. These results indicate the enterohepatic circulation of paracetamol and its metabolites in the rat. PMID- 6673373 TI - The effect of ascorbic acid on the conjugation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl in rat isolated hepatocytes. AB - Ascorbic acid at high non-physiological levels inhibited the sulphation of 4 hydroxybiphenyl by rat isolated hepatocytes. Glucuronylation of 4 hydroxybiphenyl, formed from 4-methoxybiphenyl, was increased at ascorbic acid levels which inhibited sulphation. The glucuronylation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl added directly to the cells was enhanced at concentrations of ascorbic acid which did not inhibit sulphation. Ascorbic acid did not influence the cytochrome P-450 dependent O-demethylation of 4-methoxybiphenyl or the level of cellular lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6673374 TI - The metabolism of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide in the rat. AB - Ethyl[14C]benzene hydroperoxide administered orally to female rats (30 mg/kg) is rapidly absorbed and metabolized. Most of the administered compound (81%) is eliminated in the 0-24 h urine. Major metabolites include mandelic acid (23%), hippuric acid (34%) and 1-phenylethyl glucuronide (4%). Ethyl[14C]benzene is metabolized via 1-phenylethanol to the same mixture of metabolites as obtained with the hydroperoxide. Biotransformations of the hydroperoxide and their likely biochemical mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6673375 TI - The enterohepatic circulation of the metabolites of 17 alpha-ethynyl[3H]estradiol in the rat. AB - The biliary metabolites of 17 alpha-ethynyl[3H]estradiol (3H-EE2) and their enterohepatic circulation were studied in female rats. Rapid and extensive elimination of radioactivity in bile followed i.v. administration of 3H-EE2. The metabolites consisted largely of beta-glucuronides of 2-hydroxy-EE2 and, to a lesser extent, 2-methoxy-EE2. Intraduodenally infused radiolabelled biliary metabolites underwent enterohepatic circulation; 15 +/- 6% (mean +/- S.D., n = 4) of the 3H was excreted in the bile of the recipient rats in 5.5 h. The metabolites excreted by the recipients were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the infused metabolites. The 1(4)-glutathione adduct of 2-hydroxy-EE2 was synthesized, but was not observed in either the donors' or recipients' bile. PMID- 6673376 TI - The metabolism of 3-benzoylpyridine. AB - 3-Benzoylpyridine (3-BP), a decomposition product of the soman antidote, HGG-12 (3-benzoylpyridino(1)-methyl 2'-hydroxyiminomethylpyridino(1')methyl ether dichloride) was rapidly metabolized in the isolated perfused rat liver, giving 3 (alpha-hydroxybenzyl)pyridine and its corresponding glucuronide, 3 benzoylpyridine-N-oxide, and 3-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)pyridine-N-oxide. The latter is formed both from 3-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)pyridine and 3-benzoylpyridine-N oxide. Metabolism of 3-BP studied in rats and dogs in vivo revealed significant species differences. In rat, 80% of 14C-3-BP was excreted as N-oxides and alpha hydroxybenzyl derivatives in the urine. In dogs, 95% dose was excreted in urine mostly as the glucuronide of 3-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)pyridine and as the quaternary pyridinium compounds, 3-benzoyl-1-methylpyridinium and 3-(alpha hydroxybenzyl)-1-methylpyridinium. These latter were hardly detected in rat urine. In contrast to rats, the N-oxides were present only in small amounts in dog urine. PMID- 6673377 TI - 2-Mercapto-1-methyl-5-methylmercapto-imidazole: a new metabolite of thiamazole. AB - 2-Mercapto-1-methyl-5-methylmercapto-imidazole (13) was found in urine samples of man and rat after intake of thiamazole (1). It is assumed that the metabolite is produced via a N-oxidation intermediate enabling a nucleophilic attack at carbon 5 in the thiazole ring. PMID- 6673378 TI - Metabolism and excretion of butein, 2',3,4-trihydroxychalcone, 3-O-methylbutein, 4-O-methylbutein and 2',4',4-trihydroxychalcone in the rat. AB - Butein (2',3,4,4'-tetrahydroxychalcone) and 2',3,4-trihydroxychalcone, following administration to bile-duct-cannulated rats, gave rise to the corresponding 3-O methyl ethers which were excreted in conjugated forms in bile and urine. After parenteral and oral administration of [14C]butein, 53% and 20% of the dose, respectively, was excreted in bile in 24h. After oral administration of [14C]butein, 4-O-methylbutein, or 2',4',4-trihydroxychalcone to non-cannulated rats, 51%, 58% and 40% dose, respectively, was excreted in faeces, and 39%, 37% and 56%, respectively, in urine. Intraperitoneal administration of butein to non cannulated rats led to excretion of 41% dose in urine and 56% in faeces. 3-O Methylbutein and 4-O-methylbutein were demethylated in vivo and on incubation with rat-intestinal microflora in vitro, whilst 2',4-dihydroxy-3-methoxychalcone and 2',3-dihydroxy-4-methoxychalcone were not demethylated in vivo or in vitro. Following parenteral and oral administration of 4-O-methylbutein to bile-duct cannulated rats, 91% and 21% dose, respectively, was excreted in the bile in 24h. After parenteral or oral administration of 2',4',4-trihydroxychalcone to cannulated rats, approx. 100% and 45% dose, respectively, was excreted in the bile in 24h. Trace amounts of 2',4',4-trihydroxychalcone were hydroxylated to give butein. PMID- 6673380 TI - [Immunologic determination of small total plasma protein concentrations using laser nephelometry]. PMID- 6673379 TI - Cysteine conjugate beta-lyase in the gastrointestinal bacterium Fusobacterium necrophorum. AB - A cysteine conjugate beta-lyase from the anaerobic gastrointestinal bacterium Fusobacterium necrophorum was purified 51-fold by heat treatment, ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel-filtration chromatography, and anion-exchange chromatography. This enzyme catalyses the cleavage of the thioether linkage in cysteine conjugates of the following S-alkyl- or S-aryl-linked compounds: cysteine conjugate of propachlor (2-S-cysteinyl-N-isopropylacetanilide); 1,2 dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-S-cysteinylnaphthalene and S-(2-benzothiazolyl)cysteine. 2 Mercapto-N-isopropylacetanilide, pyruvic acid and ammonia were produced from the beta-lyase cleavage of the cysteine conjugate of propachlor in equimolar ratios. The apparent Km values for the cysteine conjugate of propachlor and S (benzothiazolyl)cysteine were 1.1 and 1.0 mM, respectively. Pyridoxal phosphate was required for enzymic activity. Ammonium ion activated enzymic activity, while hydroxylamine completely inhibited the enzyme. Dithiothreitol and bovine serum albumin had no effect on enzymic activity. PMID- 6673381 TI - [Fully automatic determination of serum triglycerides using the flow principle]. PMID- 6673382 TI - [Measurement of erythrocyte volume distribution using the automatic hematology system PHA-1. Initial experiences with the mathematical characterization of the distribution curve]. PMID- 6673383 TI - [HDL phospholipids: determination method and relation to total lipids]. PMID- 6673384 TI - [Diagnosis of pancreas function by electrolyte and trace element determination in endoscopically obtained pancreatic juice following secretin/pancreozymin stimulation]. PMID- 6673385 TI - [A closet for the storage of histologic preparations]. PMID- 6673386 TI - The postnatal development of the human sertoli cells. AB - Seminiferous tubules from infant testes show a mean tubular diameter of 70 micron with a high number of Sertoli cells (20...24 cells) per transverse tubular section which form a pseudostratified epithelium. Basal Sertoli cells have round to ovoid nuclei, regular in outline, with small nucleoli. The cytoplasm contains the usual organelles homogeneously distributed. Columnar Sertoli cells reach the lumen and show basal projections which surround the basal Sertoli cells. Basal regions of columnar cells contain numerous parallel microfilaments. Apical regions contain abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, several Golgi complexes, and associated vesicles of electrondense content, Desmosome-like structures and extensive, flattened interdigitations are observed between Sertoli cells. Gap junctions between peritubular myofibroblasts and Sertoli cells are occasionally seen. During childhood the seminiferous tubules show a similar pattern, but the number of Sertoli cells per transverse tubular sections decreases (16...19 cells). From 9 years of age onwards the seminiferous tubules become thicker, the number of Sertoli cells decreases (12...15 cells), and the pseudostratified epithelium is gradually replaced by a columnar epithelium. The Sertoli cells begin to mature and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and lipid droplets develop. Annulate lamellae, crystals of Charcot-Bottcher, and Sertoli-Sertoli specialized junctions appear. PMID- 6673387 TI - [Occurrence and structure of accessory adrenal glands in Wistar rats]. AB - In complete series of histological sections through the entire abdomen of one normal Wistar-rat, one untreated and two bilaterally adrenalectomized, spontaneously hypertensive Wistar-rats accessory suprarenal glands were found in each case. The detailed findings in the various groups of animals investigated were as follows: (1) In the normal animal 10 accessory suprarenal glands were present. They consisted of tiny aggregates of cortical cells and were surrounded by a thin layer of collageneous fibers. The diameters of the accessory suprarenal complexes were in the order of 0.3 mm. (2) In the untreated, spontaneously hypertensive rat three accessory suprarenal glands were found. However, in contrast to what was seen in the normal rat, these complexes were larger and had diameters of up to 1 mm. Some of these accessory suprarenal glands consisted almost exclusively of small, chromophobe cells, whereas in others a rim of such cells was seen to surround a central core of larger and more acidophile cortical cells. There were few and collapsed capillaries. (3) In the bilaterally adrenalectomized, spontaneously hypertensive rats three, respectively four, accessory suprarenal glands were found. They were situated in the retroperitoneum and partly within the adipose capsule of the kidney but never in the place of the exstirpated main suprarenal glands. In one case an accessory gland was found within the fibrous capsule of the kidney and seen to compress the renal parenchyma. In the bilaterally adrenalectomized animals the average diameters of the accessory glands were larger than in the other groups reaching values of up to 5 mm. At least in both animals one of the accessory glands had a diameter comparable to that of the normal suprarenal gland of an untreated animal. The capillaries were dilated and their number was increased in comparison to what was seen in the other groups. In certain regions the cortical tissue of the accessory glands had an appearance resembling that of zona fasciculata and reticularis. PMID- 6673388 TI - Scanning electron microscopical investigation of the larval development and the morphological differentiation of the paraventricular organ (PVO) of the South African clawed toad Xenopus laevis Daudin. AB - The development and the differentiation of the surface of the paraventricular organ (PVO) in tadpoles of the South African Clawed Toad Xenopus laevis Daudin from stages 46 to 66 and one adult animal was studied by means of light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. At the light microscopical level, the PVO is visible from stage 46 on. From stage 48 on the organ is divided into two parts, a narrow rostral one and a more flattened and broad caudal one. From stage 58 on the rostral part of the PVO lies in the sulcus organi paraventricularis similar to the caudal part which lies in the sulcus lateralis infundibuli. The position of the PVO on both sides of the third ventricle is unchanged over all stages studied. The growth of the organ is finished at stage 65. The structure of the surface of the rostral and the caudal part of the organ differs up to the stage of 57. From stage 58 on the surfaces of the two parts of the PVO assimilate by developing a network of fibers which is orientated transversally. The different cell types of the PVO which can be seen at the level of transmission electron microscopy are fully developed at stage 57 but their position does not correspond to that of the adult animal. There is no difference between the right and left half of the organ in all groups studied. PMID- 6673389 TI - Enzymatic activation of lymphoid population following inflammatory reactions in the human appendix. AB - We have histochemically evaluated the LAP, AP and ANE activities of the human appendix in 100 surgical specimens. The mucosa has been particularly investigated for its different aspects during inflammatory conditions. Two main facts have been ascertained: the subepithelial location of macrophages, and the AP and ANE activities of two groups of cells in the germinal centers. Subepithelial macrophages show conspicuous AP activity that correlates with the degree of inflammatory response and of exposure to luminal antigens. In the germinal centers, AP and ANE activities disclose two further groups of positive cells, probably the same cells reacting to both technics. One group is rooted to the core of the germinal center; the other to the intermediate area between the germinal center and the follicular mantle. PMID- 6673390 TI - [Topography of the quail retina]. AB - Retinas of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were studied by light microscopy. By this, an area centralis with high cell density could be demonstrated. Moreover, in the posterior-superior retina there exists a region of moderate cell density containing a central red field with a high concentration of cones with red oil droplets. The results suggest the quail to be able to fix objects lateral to its head and in front of its bill in direction of picking. PMID- 6673391 TI - New details of the ultrastructure (TEM, SEM) of taste buds in fishes. AB - Quantitative distribution of the taste buds (TB) in different parts of the body and the fine structure of the TB components are described in Cobitis taenia L. No evidence of synaptic contacts between any cellular components in the TB has been found. The afferent synapses have been recognized only at the gustatory cells and at the basal cell. The microvillar processes on the upper side of the basal cell are demonstrated for the first time in fishes. These processes resemble those at the basal cells in the TB of tetrapods and at the Merkel cells, scattered in the epidermis of all vertebrates. Since the basal cells of fish TB correspond also to other criteria of the Merkel cells, its mechanoreceptive function in the TB is discussed. A relatively large number of atypical gustatory cells has been found in the studied material. As the examined specimens of C. taenia lived for a long time in aquarium conditions, it may be supposed that these gustatory cells are damaged by pollutants introduced mainly with food such as Tubifex. For purposes of comparison, a related species, Misgurnus fossilis L., was used in the study. PMID- 6673392 TI - The fine structure of the parabronchi and the gas exchange area of the Adelie penguin lung. AB - The parabronchi of the Adelie penguin are endowed with wide atria forming pockets between a loose meshwork of bundles of smooth muscle cells lining the parabronchial lumen. The atrial epithelium is of variable thickness and bears numerous microvilli, which are overlain by/or embedded in sheets or whorls of lamellar material ("trilaminar substance", diameter of one lamella 8 ..10 nm) forming layers of very variable thickness. The cells contain either stacks or whorls of this material or roundish lamellated bodies, and are interconnected by desmosomal contacts as well as what presumably represent tight junctions. Underneath the epithelium and within the bundles of muscle cells regularly nerve fibres have been found. The diameter of the morphological air/blood barrier is about 165...210 nm in thin areas, excluding a 12...20 nm thick layer covering the luminal plasma membrane of the air capillary epithelium. The blood capillary endothelium ordinarily is markedly thicker (40...250 nm) than the air capillary epithelium (17...25 nm). The basal lamina between endo- and epithelium is a uniform structure measuring about 95...105 nm. The endothelial cells are interconnected by desmosomal and probably tight junctions. PMID- 6673393 TI - Some electron microscopy characteristics of lung immune response in the rats stimulated by respiratory and parenteral ways with pneumococcal suspensions. AB - Conventional albino rats of either sexes, weighing about 100 grams, were stimulated, one group by inhalation of pulverized suspensions of living type III pneumococci, in 6 exposures, and the second group, by 5 intramusculary injections, one a week, of 0,1 ml, emulision of killed germs, in complete Freund's adjuvant submitted after a week free interval to the inhalation of aerosolized living pneumococci. The tissue fragments sampled at two and respective five weeks after the beginning of the experiment, from central and peripherical sites of lungs, inclusively from a control group, were fixed in glutaraldehide-osmic acid and prepared for electron-microscopical examination. In the thickened, densely cellular alveolar walls there are numerous mature plasma cells, intermediate elements between reticular septal cells and plasmablast and also histiocytic cells which phagocytic inclusions and shape suggests their movement in the interalveolar septa. The swollen free alveolar macrophages contain an increased number of lysosomes and ribosomes. The hyperplastic granular pneumocytes possess enlarged cytosomes excreting osmiophilic material in the air spaces. There are discussed the problems of local plasma cell differentiation, alveolar macrophage physiology and transparietal migration of histiocytes. PMID- 6673394 TI - [Breast sonography: technic and results]. PMID- 6673395 TI - [Social and occupational medicine aspects following breast cancer therapy]. PMID- 6673396 TI - [Human lymph nodes from the viewpoint of functional morphology]. PMID- 6673397 TI - [Lymph formation and lymph flow following bloodletting and volume replacement]. PMID- 6673398 TI - [Structure and function of the cardiac lymph system]. PMID- 6673399 TI - [Film-screen combinations in mammography]. PMID- 6673400 TI - [Medical science or technology? Avenues to knowledge in medicine]. PMID- 6673401 TI - [Bitter pills: useful or risky?]. PMID- 6673402 TI - [Microcirculation in patients with psoriasis and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6673403 TI - [Combined treatment of patients with chronic pyoderma using dimocifon]. PMID- 6673404 TI - [Disorders of intestinal absorption and parietal digestion in patients with allergic dermatoses]. PMID- 6673405 TI - [Permeability of human skin to formaldehyde]. PMID- 6673406 TI - [Association of HLA-B18 antigen with various forms of alopecia]. PMID- 6673407 TI - [Diagnosis of nodular brittleness of hair]. PMID- 6673408 TI - [The International System of Units]. PMID- 6673409 TI - [Combined use of hemosorption and PUVA therapy in the treatment of patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 6673410 TI - [Selective phototherapy of psoriasis]. PMID- 6673411 TI - Drugs, driving, and traffic safety. PMID- 6673413 TI - Early congenital syphilis (a review). PMID- 6673412 TI - A case-control study of stillbirths occurring at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka: serological investigations. PMID- 6673414 TI - Cooperative effects in the process of elution of Newcastle disease virus pre attached on chick embryo cell monolayer culture. AB - After the virus attachment to the cell surface at 4 degrees C followed by incubation of the virus-loaded cells at 37 degrees C two processes are going simultaneously: one portion of the attached virions penetrates inside the cells and another portion elutes outside the cells (a certain portion during a certain time period remains bound to the cell surface). Quantities of both penetrated and eluted viruses depended on the quantity of the attached virus. The dependence of the quantity of the penetrated virus on the quantity of the attached virus was linear, while there was an accelerating increase of the quantity of the eluted virus depending on the quantity of the attached virus. This non-linearity is described by a mathematical model based on cooperativity effects which are caused by a certain interaction between the attached virions. Since, according to the calculations, this interaction is effective at the distance equal to about 15 fold virion diameter, a kind of "at distance" interaction between the adjacent virions realized through spreading modifications of plasma membrane is suggested. PMID- 6673415 TI - [Animal experimental studies of passive oral immunization against staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)]. AB - Intoxications by S. aureus enterotoxins are predominant in our country, together with enteric infections by Salmonella spp. For lack of a specific therapy the possibility was examined to neutralize orally provided toxin in vivo. For this purpose before and after the intoxication, respectively, antitoxin and normal rabbit serum as a control were also applied per os. In extensive trials SPF-mice were used as a model in spite of their insensitivity to staphylococcal toxins even with 10000 times the emetic dose for monkeys. By serological means, the rate of free toxin in stomach, intestinal contents and fecal matter after and before application of antiserum was identified as an indicator for the neutralization of the toxin in vivo. As toxin, S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) was used which could be identified in the samples up to three hours after oral feeding. Antiserum was obtained by immunization of rabbits with toxoid. The application of antiserum one hour after intoxication resulted in an average reduction of free toxin in the intestine of 87,5 and 86,5%, (10 independent trials) one and two hours, respectively after serum administration. In contrast, administration of antiserum one hour before experimental intoxication did not produce statistically confirmed differences between the experimental and the control animals. PMID- 6673416 TI - Mechanism of coagulase production in Staphylococcus aureus Smith. AB - Coagulase production and release were studied in Staphylococcus aureus Smith using TC Medium 199 containing bovine serum albumin. The bacteria released coagulase continuously in the medium containing serum albumin, but only at the early-mid log phase of growth in the medium not containing serum albumin. In each of the media, coagulase was considered to be a newly synthesized one encoded by a newly synthesized messenger RNA. By the experiments using bacteria pre-treated with acridine orange, it was suggested that the coagulase gene was located on the chromosome. The plasmid regulating coagulase production was considered to be present. PMID- 6673417 TI - Staphylococcal lipase: intracellular enzyme production. AB - It is well known that staphylococci produce extracellular lipase which has been isolated, purified and characterized. Existence of intracellular lipase has not been yet established. In this investigation, cellular content liberated by lysostaphin digestion of cell wall revealed presence of lipolytic activity. This has been observed with living staphylococcal cells only. Presence of intracellular lipase was not observed in young bacterial cells, and the enzyme was appearing rapidly in the late phase of the culture. Highest level of enzyme was observed on the 3rd day of culture in described conditions. Accumulation of lipase inside cells followed by its liberation was not observed. PMID- 6673418 TI - The IgA antibody activities in relation to the parasitologic status of Toxocara canis in dogs. AB - In this study, the relationship between the IgA antibody activities to Toxocara canis infection in dogs and their parasitologic status has been examined. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to the sera of dogs for the detection of the specific IgA antibodies and at the same time, autopsy and stool examination were performed on these dogs. The most elevated IgA antibody levels were observed in the one-month age group of puppies. Thereafter, the levels gradually decreased until six and 10 months of age. These low levels were maintained in adult dogs. However, the IgA antibody activities were not related to the age and the number of worms when the correlation coefficients were calculated. It was suggested from the results obtained that the elevated IgA antibodies at one month of age may have been due to the locally stimulated immunity by the adult worms grown up in the intestines and as a result, could be detected in the circulation. PMID- 6673419 TI - Preliminary study on the follow-up observations of the antibodies and circulating antigens in canine toxocariasis. AB - In the sera of dog fetuses and newborn puppies, no antibody to Toxocara canis was found but an elevation of the circulating toxocaral antigens (CTA). In the mother dogs, detectable IgG and IgM antibodies were found. The IgG antibodies gradually increased in the course of this observation. The most elevated levels of IgA antibodies were observed one month after birth. The same was true for the CTA levels. There was no placental transfer of the antibodies nor could they be transferred from the mother dog to the offspring via the colostrum. PMID- 6673420 TI - Minimal infectious doses and prepatent periods in Giardia muris, Spironucleus muris and Tritrichomonas muris. AB - The minimal infectious doses (MID) of Giardia muris cysts, Spironucleus muris cysts and Tritrichomonas muris pseudocysts for athymic mice were determined. A novel micromanipulator-aided technique was developed for selecting small exact numbers of specified fresh or old cysts/pseudocysts from a faecal homogenate. This technique can also be of value in manipulating protozoan parasites of any particular species. Only fresh cysts/pseudocysts, which appeared bright under phase contrast optics, were infectious. Older cysts and pseudocysts which appeared dark in phase contrast were not infectious. The MID for three murine intestinal flagellates addressed above were: 10 (between 5 and 20), 1 and 5 cysts/pseudocysts respectively. Corresponding prepatent periods (PP) were 8, 5 and 10 days. A relation was evident between the infectious dose and the PP: The prepatent period shortened with an increased infectious dose. PMID- 6673422 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from the roots of yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus). AB - A crude preparation of PEP carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) from the yellow lupin roots exhibits the pH optimum of activity within the range of 7.4-8.6 and the temperature optimum at 32 - 40 degrees C. Its Km for PEP is 0.1 mM, and Km for HCO3- is 0.7 mM. The affinity of the enzyme towards Mg2+ diminishes with the metal ion concentration. At the concentration of Mg2+ below 0.5 mM Km for Mg2+ is 0.07 mM and at the Mg2+ concentration over 1.5 mM it rises to 0.47 mM. The Hill coefficients are 0.37 and 0.88, respectively. Among several compounds affecting the PEP carboxylase activity, such as organic acids, amino acids, and sugar phosphates, at physiological pH (7.0 and 7.8), malate shows the strongest inhibition of a competitive character, its Ki being 2 mM. Also acidic amino acids strongly inhibit the enzyme activity, aspartate being more effective than glutamate. Glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-diphosphate markedly activate the enzyme. Both the inhibition by malate, aspartate and glutamate, and the activation by sugar phosphates rises considerably when pH is decreased from 7.8 to 7.0. Malonate scarcely affects the enzyme. PMID- 6673421 TI - Control of protein synthesis in a wheat germ cell-free system. AB - Thermostable low molecular weight translational inhibitor was found in wheat germ cell-free extract. The inhibitor was formed during preincubation of wheat S-23 fraction with components of the energy-supplying system (ATP, GTP, phosphoenolpyruvate) in the absence of exogenous mRNA. The inhibitor effectively and irreversibly blocks protein synthesis in both wheat germ and rabbit reticulocyte systems. Our results seem to suggest that the inhibitor can activate wheat endogenous mRNA, which under the standard conditions does not reveal template activity but, once activated, can effectively compete with exogenous mRNA. PMID- 6673423 TI - Palladium(II) complexes with cytidine-guanosine pair in DMSO. AB - Solutions containing nucleosides: cytidine and guanosine, and Pd(II) ion in dimethylsulphoxide have been investigated using 1H NMR method. It has been found that the glycylglycinate-palladium(II) complex reacts with cytidine through its N(3) nitrogen atom as the fourth donor for Pd(II) ion, and with guanosine which binds with Pd(II) through N(7) of purine ring. The primary binding site of cytidine-guanosine pair for the glycylglycinate-Pd(II) complex was N(7) of guanosine. However, in the reaction of PdCl2 with the cytidine-guanosine pair, equivalent binding sites were N(1) of guanosine and N(3) of cytidine giving CydN(3)-Pd-N(1)Guo ternary complex. PMID- 6673424 TI - Aromatic ring cleavage of protocatechuic acid by the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. AB - In Pleurotus ostreatus protocatechuic acid is degraded by protocatechuate 3,4 dioxygenase (protocatechuate: oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.3) via "intradiol" cleavage of aromatic ring to form beta-carboxy-cis,cis-muconic acid. The enzyme was isolated from the mycelium induced with p-hydroxybenzoic acid. An about 460-fold purification of the enzyme was achieved by ammonium sulphate fractionation, and DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. The enzyme was homogeneous on analytical electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions, whereas in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate several polypeptides of low molecular weight appeared additionally in trace amounts. Molecular weight of the enzyme, determined by gel filtration and electrophoresis was 200 000 and 205 000, respectively. The enzyme showed low substrate specificity, its pH optimum was 8.0 and Michaelis constant for protocatechuic acid was 14.2 microM. PMID- 6673425 TI - Localization of arginyl residues modified with butanedione in glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase from pig muscle. AB - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) from pig muscle was inactivated by incubation with butanedione in triethanolamine buffer, pH 8.3. The inactivation was reversible after short treatment with butanedione; it became irreversible after 12-15 h, with a concomitant loss of two arginyl residues per subunit. The modified enzyme was digested with TPCK-trypsin and the peptides were purified by chromatography and electrochromatography. Two new peptides were obtained as the result of modification. From their partially determined sequence the modified arginyl residues were identified as Arg-13 and Arg-231 in the primary structure of pig muscle enzyme. PMID- 6673426 TI - Effect of inhibited endocytosis in sinusoidal liver cells on catabolism of equine haptoglobin and haemoglobin in the hen. AB - Catabolism of equine haptoglobin (Hp), haptoglobin-haemoglobin complex (Hp-Hb) and haemoglobin (Hb) in the hen was studied in the liver reticuloendothelial system (RES) in which endocytosis of protein was inhibited by aggregated denatured albumin (Agr-Alb). Intravenous injection of Agr-Alb together with equine [125I]Hp, [125I]Hp-Hb or [125I]Hb partially inhibited elimination of these proteins from hen circulation. The decrease of clearance was less pronounced when the labelled proteins were introduced 30 min after Agr-Alb injection due to stimulation of phagocytosis in RES by Agr-Alb. Elimination of equine proteins (Hp, Hp-Hb and Hb) from hen circulation by RES is only one of the possible metabolic fates of these proteins. PMID- 6673427 TI - Properties of dipeptidyl peptidase I from rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) lungs. AB - Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DAP I; EC 3.4.14.1) was isolated from rabbit lungs and purified to apparent homogeneity. Similarly as the liver and spleen enzymes, it requires Cl- ions for its activity and is activated by thiol compounds. With Gly Arg-2-naphthylamide as a substrate the broad pH optimum for DAP I activity ranged from 5.0 to 6.5; at pH 6.0-9.0 the enzyme catalysed the transamidation reaction. The Arrhenius plot for the DAP I activity at pH 5.0 was inflected at a point corresponding to 28 C. The enzyme was inhibited by the protease inhibitors, N alpha-tosyl-L-lysylchloromethane, N-tosyl-L-phenylalanylchloromethane, phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride and antipain. Molecular weight of DAP I determined by sedimentation equilibrium in the presence of substrate was 128 000; in the absence of substrate two molecular forms of Mr of 135 000 and 91 600 were revealed. The Mr value determined on Sephadex G-200 was 154 000 +/- 7000. Molecular weight of the subunits determined by the two methods was about 21 000. Association of subunits over the pH range 4.6-6.0 was favoured by lowered temperature (7 C), presence of the substrate and increased enzyme concentration in the presence of the substrate. Only the forms of higher molecular weight, probably hexamers and octamers, exhibited enzymatic activity. PMID- 6673428 TI - Isolation and characterization of elongation factor EF-2 from Guerin tumour. AB - A homogeneous preparation of EF-2 from Guerin tumour cells was obtained. Its Mr (68 000), pI (6.5), optimum pH (7.0) and amino acid composition are very close to those of rat liver elongation factor. EF-2 from Guerin tumour cells is active in the heterologous liver - tumour system, although half as effective as in the homologous system. PMID- 6673429 TI - Mercury iodide as a catalyst in oligosaccharide synthesis. AB - The disaccharide 4-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranose and the trisaccharide 2-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-L rhamno pyranose determinants, which are analogs of the repeating unit of Salmonella sero-group A, B and D, have been synthesized using mercury(II) iodide as a catalyst in the glycosylation reaction. The reducing end of the di- and the trisaccharide was substituted with a linking arm for covalent attachment to a protein carrier. Reaction of 8-ethoxycarbonyloct-1-yl 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-L rhamnopyranoside with acetobromomannose in the presence of mercury(II) iodide gave, after deprotection, the disaccharide in 49% yield. The trisaccharide was prepared by a block synthesis in which 6-O-acetyl-4-O-allyl-2-O-(6-O-acetyl-2-O allyl-3,4-di-O-benzoyl-alpha-D- galactopyranosyl)-3-O-benzyl-alpha-D mannopyranosyl bromide (21) and 8-methoxycarbonyloct-1-yl 2,3-O-cyclohexylidene alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside were condensed in the presence of mercury(II) iodide. These conditions gave the trisaccharide (26) in 26% yield. The disaccharide 21 was prepared by mercury(II) iodide catalyzed condensation of the protected galactopyranosyl bromide (15) and 4-O-allyl-1,6-anhydro-3-O-benzyl-beta- D mannopyranose followed by acetolysis and reaction with titanium tetrabromide. PMID- 6673430 TI - A simple mechanochemical method for studying structure and dynamics of biopolymer fibers in various media. PMID- 6673431 TI - [Copper and ceruloplasmin determination in patients with lymphoma and leukemia]. PMID- 6673432 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of bovine fascioliasis in the West central region of Venezuela with emphasis on the prevalence of the trematode and its intermediate host]. PMID- 6673433 TI - Composition of plantain leaves (Musa paradisiaca L., subsp. normalis O. Kze). A possible source for leaf protein concentrate. PMID- 6673434 TI - A leaf protein concentrate from plantain (Musa paradisiaca L. subsp. normalis O. Kze). PMID- 6673435 TI - Hypertension and the arterial wall. PMID- 6673436 TI - [Sezary syndrome with minimal dermatologic lesions]. PMID- 6673437 TI - Recurring spontaneous pneumothorax in association with pleural endometriosis. PMID- 6673438 TI - Non excretory myeloma presenting as a liver nodule on ultrasound. PMID- 6673439 TI - Caroli's disease -- diagnostic procedures and management 22 years after initial diagnosis. PMID- 6673440 TI - Bromism: rare but still present. PMID- 6673441 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 2 homosexuals in Belgium]. PMID- 6673442 TI - Superior cava syndrome in benign intrathoracic goiter. PMID- 6673443 TI - Treatment of hyperprolactinemias: a matter of controversy. PMID- 6673444 TI - Non-liquefaction of semen: a physiological therapeutic approach? PMID- 6673445 TI - Contraception with danazol plus testosterone enanthate in the rabbit. I. Effects on vas deferens. AB - Effects of danazol plus testosterone enanthate on rabbit vas deferens are investigated. Seminal, biochemical tissue and histological studies were performed. Sperm motility was markedly impaired with the advancement of treatment. At the end of treatment 75 per cent of the animals became azoospermic. Seminal fructose did not change, whereas citric acid showed a progressive non significant increase. Phosholipid and protein contents of vas deferens decreased during drug exposure. No appreciable changes were observed in sialic acid concentration. Citric acid and fructose in ampullae reduced following 60 days of treatment. Vas deferens lumen was devoid of spermatozoa. The combination therapy impaired the secretory activity of vas deferens reversibly. PMID- 6673446 TI - Habitual abortion and uterine malformations. AB - After a review of the main problems related to metroplastics (i.e. frequency of malformations, their importance in maintaining infertility, clinical classifications, diagnostic techniques, the Authors discuss the problem of their surgical treatment. The results obtained in 54 cases from a cooperative study (Audebert 17 cases; Cittadini 25 and Cognat 12) are presented. In 50 out of 54 cases the Bret-Palmer technique has been performed and in several cases complementary operations such as adhesiolysis, salpingoplastics, ligamentopexies, myomectomies, cystectomies, wedge resections of ovaries, were performed. On the basis of their experience, the Authors affirm that the results of metroplastics are better when their indications are strictly selective and they stress that the overall results may be considered as favourable. PMID- 6673447 TI - Tele-thermography and Eco-Doppler evaluation of subclinical varicocele in infertile men. AB - The diagnosis of subclinical varicoceles in infertile men is available with thermographic and Eco-Doppler evaluation. In our experience the patients with both positive findings showed a more significant improvement of semen analysis after surgery of the varicocele. PMID- 6673448 TI - Unexplained infertility: a new syndrome: multiple immature luteinized follicles (MILF) syndrome. PMID- 6673449 TI - Significance of the ultrasonic morphology of preovulatory ovarian follicles prior to in vitro fertilization. AB - Forty-eight oocytes were collected from 47 follicles in 36 cycles from 24 patients with tubal infertility by ultrasonically guided percutaneous puncture under local anesthesia. The ultrasonic represented morphology of the aspirated follicles was compared to the presence of an egg-cumulus-mass in the follicular aspirate and the result of oocyte fertilization. There was a higher frequency of a cumulus-mass in the aspirate from follicles containing echoes (90 per cent) compared to ultrasonically empty follicles (37 per cent). Thirty-four oocytes were fertilized corresponding to a fertilization rate of 71 per cent. The mean diameter of follicles in the fertilized group was bigger (20.9 mm) than the mean diameter of follicles in the non-fertilized group (18.5 mm). The fertilization rate was higher in oocytes collected from follicles with internal echoes (87 per cent) compared to echo-free follicles (50 per cent). It seems that the ultrasonic demonstration of a fine cloud projecting into the follicle or a clouding of the cavity increases the possibility of collecting an oocyte suitable for in vitro fertilization. PMID- 6673450 TI - Endometrial patterns in malformed uteri. AB - In the 12 subsep uteri the endometrium covering the septum was studied using light microscopy, electronic scanning microscopy and electronic transmission microscopy for the purpose of determining if it should be considered a reason for inadequate implantation and therefore justify an anomalous evolution of pregnancy. The results show that compared with a normal endometrium there is only a slight difference with the basal state. This alteration could however negatively influence the stages of development following implantation and particularly the structure of the maternal-fetal relationships which preclude placentation. PMID- 6673451 TI - Pregnancy rate after diagnostic curettage in the evaluation of infertility. AB - The Authors present a series of 200 infertile women, who underwent a diagnostic curettage as part of the evaluation of infertility. 18.6 per cent of the patients became pregnant after this procedure after correction for other causes of infertility. Most of the pregnancies were achieved within four cycles after the curettage. From this study, it seems that the removal of a pathological endometrium is not followed by pregnancy. To utilize the therapeutic potential of a diagnostic curettage in infertile women, it is suggested that regularly menstruating women with no history or clinical findings suggestive of tubal disease or endometriosis and without pathological lesions of the endometrium, should wait at least four cycles before the next invasive procedure (HSG or laparoscopy) is performed. PMID- 6673452 TI - Relationship between fertility, semen analysis and human sperm penetration of zona-free hamster eggs. AB - Spermatozoa from 12 fertile donors, 37 infertile patients with normal spermiogram and 61 infertile men with abnormal semen analysis were assessed with zona-free hamster eggs penetration test, according to Barros. We obtained significant differences in positive penetrations in the 3 groups tested: 96 per cent of positive results for the first group, 59 per cent for the second and 21 per cent for the third group. A significant relationship between penetration results and sperm count, motility and morphology is evidenced. PMID- 6673453 TI - Effect of glutamine and nucleosides on prolactin secretion in the rat. AB - The effect of glutamine and some nucleosides (cytidine and uridine) on basal and stimulated prolactin release was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Acute injection of glutamine did not modify serum prolactin concentration, both in basal and stimulated conditions; conversely repeated administrations of the aminoacid significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) the prolactin surge which occurs at 04:00 p.m. in male rats as well as that induced by the injection of the dopamine antagonist sulpiride. The hypoprolactinemic effect of glutamine was significantly potentiated by uridine and cytidine, which per se were not effective. No significant change in prolactin release was observed when anterior pituitary glands were incubated in presence of the above mentioned drugs. However, repeated in vivo injections of glutamine, uridine and cytidine were able to potentiate the inhibitory effect of dopamine on prolactin release in vitro. These results suggest that both glutamine and the nucleosides cytidine and uridine may influence the activity of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-prolactin axis, probably via an interference with endogenous neurotransmitters. PMID- 6673454 TI - Effect of bilateral vasectomy on liver function in langur monkeys (Presbytis entellus entellus Dufresne). AB - Changes in serum biochemical measures associated with liver dysfunction and biochemical and histological structure of the liver after vasectomy have been studied in langur monkeys. No appreciable changes were observed in the serum SGOT, SGPT, LDH and alkaline phosphatase levels after vasectomy as compared with sham operated controls. Likewise glycogen and cholesterol contents of the liver were found to be unchanged after vasectomy. Histologic structure of liver remained normal. The present investigation has suggested that vasectomy does not cause any adverse effect on liver function in langur monkeys. PMID- 6673455 TI - On the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. PMID- 6673456 TI - Importance of defensive factors in the prevention of peptic ulcer recurrence. Role of carbenoxolone sodium. PMID- 6673457 TI - Comparative study of carbenoxolone and cimetidine in the management of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6673458 TI - Side-effects of carbonoxolone. PMID- 6673459 TI - Cigarette smoking behavior in conjoined twins. AB - A study of cigarette smoking was undertaken in a pair of craniopagus twins to determine how a transfer of products of smoking is occurring between the twins. Alternately and independently, one twin smoked a nicotine-free cigarette, then the second twin smoked a nicotine-containing cigarette. The procedure enabled the investigators to study the migration of nicotine and carbon monoxide from one twin to the other. Salivary determination provided a noninvasive method of measuring cross circulation in conjoined twins. Measurements of salivary nicotine, however, indicated that, although the nicotine levels rose following smoking, there was relatively little transfer from one twin to the other through the circulation. PMID- 6673461 TI - [DNA content of Howell-Jolly bodies]. PMID- 6673460 TI - Triplet pregnancies in Linkoping, Sweden, 1973-1981. AB - A survey of triplet pregnancies in Linkoping, Sweden, 1973-1981, showed a low perinatal mortality (4%) and low morbidity possibly due to prophylactic bed rest and tocolytic treatment. All children were followed at child health clinics. In one child, a persistent growth retardation was recorded at 4 years of age. No psychomotor deviations were found in the group. An interview concerning social and economic factors after delivery was carried out. The answers revealed considerable strain in daily life for all families. PMID- 6673462 TI - [Granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in the liver of human embryo]. PMID- 6673463 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies reactive with human granulocytes and monocytes]. PMID- 6673464 TI - [Antineutrophil opsonizing antibody in the sera of rabbits immunized with human neutrophils and in patients with autoimmune neutropenia]. PMID- 6673465 TI - [Classification of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia based on the distribution picture of peroxidase activity and cell size. Correlation between the classification and therapeutic response]. PMID- 6673466 TI - [Role of complement in blood coagulation]. PMID- 6673467 TI - [Immunological markers of hepatitis B virus in the population of Polish blood donors]. PMID- 6673469 TI - [Selective red blood cell aplasia after exposure to the insecticide Muchozol]. PMID- 6673468 TI - [Characteristics of anti-Coa antibodies of the Colton blood group system and their significance in hemotherapy]. PMID- 6673470 TI - [Analysis of renal changes and factors causing renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6673471 TI - [Graphic method of determining laboratory criteria for iron deficiency]. PMID- 6673472 TI - The glomerulopathy associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection. An experimental study in the mouse. PMID- 6673473 TI - Use of labetalol during anesthesia for pheochromocytoma removal. AB - Labetalol, an alpha and beta adrenergic blocking drug, was used during anesthesia for removal of a very large pheochromocytoma which was predominantly epinephrine secreting. The 70-year-old female patient suffered from angina pectoris and chronic bronchitis. A preoperative treatment including an alpha-adrenolytic drug was administered but beta-adrenergic blockers were avoided because of the risk of cardiac decompensation and bronchoconstriction. During the operation, hypertensive peaks were easily controlled by bolus injections of labetalol 20 mg. The removal of the tumor was followed by a transient moderate hypotension. Heart rate remained stable throughout the operation. No hemodynamic problems occurred during the postoperative period. With regard to this case, a summary of the literature concerning the properties of labetalol is presented. PMID- 6673474 TI - Hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism under deliberate hypotension. An experimental study in dogs. AB - Coronary blood flow, cardiac work and metabolism were studied in dogs under sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and trimetaphan (TMP) deliberate hypotension (20% and 40% mean pressure decrease from baseline). Regarding the effects of drug-induced hypotension on coronary blood flow, aortic and coronary sinus metabolic data (pH, pO2, pCO2) we could confirm that nitroprusside hypotension could be safely used to 30% mean blood pressure decrease from control, trimetaphan hypotension to 20% mean blood pressure decrease. Cardiac work was significantly reduced during SNP hypotension. Myocardial O2 consumption and O2 availability were directly dependent on the coronary perfusion. Careful invasive monitoring of the blood pressure, blood gases and of the ECG ST-T segment is mandatory. PMID- 6673475 TI - New aspects of acid-base balance. AB - Diagnostic and therapy of acid-base disturbances are based today on so called blood-gas measurements. Recent research shows that these data can only give exact information about the acid-base status of the extracellular body compartment and that the more important intracellular space which is the aim of our clinical efforts is excluded from these measurements and still remains obscure for the clinician. Recent results could demonstrate that the arterial PO2 does not necessarily correlate with intracellular O2 tension. pH another parameter of the blood-gas analysis seems to behave in a similar way. Results, obtained with the DMO-method, an indicator distribution method for determination of the intracellular pH, are presented which show that simple interpretation of blood gas analysis can lead to wrong conclusions and mistakes in therapy. PMID- 6673476 TI - [Case of situs inversus viscerum totalis observed in a 95-year-old female]. PMID- 6673477 TI - [Light electron-microscopic study of the lateral cervical nucleus of the cat, with special reference to terminal boutons]. PMID- 6673478 TI - A case of the right subclavian artery as the last branch of the aortic arch. PMID- 6673479 TI - [Rare case of m. supraclavicularis singularis (Gruber)]. PMID- 6673480 TI - Lactation performance of mothers with contrasting nutritional status in rural Kenya. AB - Breastmilk yields and its composition during the first 6 months of lactation were measured in 46 women with low weight-for-height during the third trimester of pregnancy (WH minus group) and in 52 mothers with good weight-for-height in the same period (WH plus group). On average WH minus mothers produced 695 g per 24 hours and WH plus mothers 790 g. In the WH minus group yield was affected by feeding frequency, season, mother's energy intake during lactation and infant's weight-for-age. In the WH plus group feeding frequence, parity and sex were the affecting variables (male infants consumed more milk). The difference in yield between WH minus and WH plus mothers corrected for feeding frequency, sex and season was significant but was only 80 g per 24 hours. Protein and lactose concentrations in milk were in both groups comparable with that of British mothers, fat concentrations were lower. PMID- 6673481 TI - Effect of season and vitamin D supplementation on plasma concentrations of 25 hydroxyvitamin D in Norwegian infants. AB - Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were determined in 81 vitamin D supplemented or unsupplemented infants at the end of winter. The values were compared with maternal levels and with concentrations found in 22 unsupplemented infants at the end of summer. The 25OHD levels of the neonates were lower, but closely related to maternal values (r = 0.95, p less than 0.0005). Unsupplemented breast-fed infants had lower 25OHD levels at 6 weeks than at 4 days (16 +/- 7 vs. 32 +/- 15 nmol/l, mean +/- 1 SD, p less than 0.0005). The mean 25OHD level of vitamin D supplemented 6-12 months old infants was intermediate between those of the unsupplemented nursed groups and the unsupplemented children studied during summer (53 +/- 28 vs. 85 +/- 28 nmol/l, p less than 0.0005). Six weeks old infants who had received a milk formula containing 400 IU vitamin D3 per liter had levels similar to the latter group (92 +/- 21 nmol/l). The data suggest that the vitamin D stores acquired during fetal life, or from ultraviolet light exposure during the summer, may be inadequate to maintain safe levels of 25OHD throughout the winter, but that a daily supplement of 400 IU is adequate to establish concentrations in the summer range. PMID- 6673482 TI - The effect of vitamin E on erythrocyte hemolysis and lipid peroxidation in newborn premature infants. AB - The biochemical effect of vitamin E supplementation to mothers with threatened premature delivery and to premature infants after birth has been studied. Although a weak correlation was found between maternal and cord blood vitamin E levels at birth, cord blood levels were not significantly higher in the infants from supplemented mothers than those from unsupplemented mothers. Furthermore, maternal vitamin E treatment did not prevent either erythrocyte hemolysis or lipid peroxide formation in the premature infants after birth. On the other hand, intramuscular vitamin E to infants after birth produced a marked biochemical effect, with both zero erythrocyte hemolysis and low lipid peroxide formation when serum vitamin E increased above 2 mg/100 ml. We conclude that intramuscular vitamin E immediately after birth is necessary to achieve a biochemical effect of vitamin E in the early neonatal period. (No cases of retrolental fibroplasia occurred in the present study.) PMID- 6673483 TI - Plasma erythropoietin concentrations during the early anemia of prematurity. AB - Plasma erythropoietin concentrations were studied in 11 preterm appropriate for gestational age infants at the age of 3-14 weeks. Their birth weights ranged from 860-1 690 g. Erythropoietin was measured by a cell culture technique. Significant concentrations of erythropoietin was detected in 18 out of 29 samples, at all stages of the early anemia. The highest levels were found at 3-9 weeks. Individual erythropoietin values did not correlate with hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit levels or 'corrected' reticulocyte counts, nor did the 'corrected' reticulocyte count correlate with hemoglobin or hematocrit. The lack of correlation with hemoglobin concentration most likely reflects the importance of other factors as well as the hemoglobin in determining the oxygenation status of the infant. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.60, p less than 0.01) was found between erythropoietin concentration and weight gain in the preceding week. The study shows that small preterm infants are capable of erythropoietin production during their early anemia, and indicates that the hormone plays a role in the regulation of erythropoiesis also at this time of life. PMID- 6673484 TI - Inherited isolated hyperphosphatasemia. AB - An 11-year-old girl presented with permanent elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase activity (AP) exceeding 4 times the upper normal limit. Family investigations revealed a persistent increment of AP activity in the father and one of the two sisters, indicating a dominant form of inheritance. Physical examination and laboratory results were normal; isoenzyme studies revealed that the raised serum AP activity was mainly due to an increase of the bone isoenzyme. No disturbance of calcium or phosphate metabolism or morphological alterations of the skeleton could be demonstrated. This indicates an inherited abnormality in the metabolism of bone AP in the absence of disease. PMID- 6673485 TI - Muscle substrate levels, muscle enzyme activities and muscle morphology in the vastus lateralis and deltoideus muscles in normal children and in children with coarctation of the aorta. AB - Muscle biopsies from the deltoideus dx and vastus lat. dx muscles were taken in 17 children with coarctation of the aorta, aged 5.0 to 13.8 years, prior to surgery. Higher concentrations of glycogen, ATP and CP were found in the vastus lat. muscle compared to the deltoideus muscle. The same differences between these two muscles were also found in healthy controls. No differences were found between the patients with coarctation of the aorta and the control group. Nor were any differences found for the other variables studied; glucose, glucose-6 phosphate, lactate, muscle enzyme activities (SDH, LDH and phosphorylase), muscle fibre composition or fibre sizes. It seems reasonable to assume that the differences in muscle substrate levels found between the vasus lat. and the deltoideus muscles in the two groups were due to a higher degree of activity during daily life for the legs as compared to the arms. Patients with coarctation of the aorta do not seem to be influenced by the altered haemodynamic situation with regard to the studied variables. PMID- 6673486 TI - Phototherapy-associated diarrhea. The role of bile salts. AB - The concentration of fecal bile salts was measured in 14 jaundiced neonates who received phototherapy (PT group) and their 14 nontreated matched controls (C). Before initiation of phototherapy, mean bile salt concentrations in stool specimens from the two groups were similar. At 12 hours of 'lights on', stool specimens from PT babies showed a significantly increased mean bile salt concentration, whereas in the C babies there was no change (3.65 +/- 0.39 vs 2.62 +/- 0.22 mmol/l; p less than 0.01). At 24 hours after 'lights off', stool specimens from the PT infants had a mean bile salt concentration like that before phototherapy, and not different from C. During phototherapy, nine PT babies had a bile salt concentration in their stools of 3.5 mmol/l and above; 6 of these babies had watery stools with a high sodium content. The high concentration of bile salts found in the colonic contents of neonates during phototherapy would appear to be a factor in the pathogenesis of phototherapy-associated diarrhea in the jaundiced neonate. PMID- 6673487 TI - Postprandial gastric acid secretion in infants. AB - Gastric acid secretion in response to meals of infant formula was studied in 8 healthy infants aged 4 to 24 weeks. The technique involved intragastric volume determinations using a marker and measurement of the acidity of the gastric contents. In the 2-hour postprandial period, pH declined from 7 to 5.2. The one hour postprandial gastric acid output was 236 +/- 49 mumol/kg body weight. PMID- 6673488 TI - Amyloid-related serum protein (SAA) as an indicator of lung infection in cystic fibrosis. AB - Amyloid-related serum protein (SAA) was analysed by radioimmunoassay in 32 patients with cystic fibrosis, and compared with other acute phase reactants and lung function. The level of SAA showed significant correlation with impaired lung function due to active Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, and also to C-reactive protein. SAA seemed to correlate better to the presence of bacteria in sputum than C-reactive protein. Ten of the patients received extensive antibiotic treatment for their pulmonary infection, and falling serum levels of SAA paralleled the clinical response to treatment. Thus the concentration of SAA in these patients was a valuable guide for the selection of patients for antibiotic treatment as well as a good parameter of the response to therapy. PMID- 6673489 TI - Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis during the growth period in children. AB - The thoracic kyphosis and the lumbar lordosis were studied in 1,101 healthy children in consecutive age-groups between 8 and 16 years of age. The sagittal curves were estimated with a spinal pantograph--a noninvasive device--with the child standing in a relaxed position. The accuracy and the reproducibility of this technique are studied and shown to be acceptable. The thoracic kyphosis varied in both boys and girls. The least pronounced kyphosis was seen at the age of 10-12 years. At the age of 8 and 14-16 the mean range of the kyphosis increased statistically significantly. A positive correlation was also seen between the velocity of growth and the range of the kyphosis. In the lordosis, a similar trend could not be seen, but instead a slow continuous increase. A positive correlation was also observed between the ranges of the kyphosis and lordosis in most of the age-groups. An individual variation was, however, seen and wide ranges of kyphosis as well as lordosis must be accepted as normal variations. PMID- 6673490 TI - Urolithiasis in children. Presenting signs, etiology, bacteriology and localisation. AB - Based on a personal series of 310 observations, the authors have studied the presenting signs, the etiology, the urinary bacteriology and the localization of the stone in children with urolithiasis. Urinary tract infection is the presenting sign in 55% of the cases, hematuria in 23% and abdominal pain in 20%. Urinary malformation is associated in 26% of cases, whatever the age at diagnosis. The urinary bacteria found in 55% of cases is Proteus. Localization was in the kidney in 228 cases, in the ureter in 71 cases, the bladder in 45 cases and in the urethra in 5 cases. PMID- 6673491 TI - Kidney length in the newborn measured by ultrasound. AB - Kidney length was measured in 115 unselected neonates with portable real-time ultrasound. The left kidney was slightly, but significantly, longer than the right. There was a positive correlation between kidney length and birthweight, but kidney size did not increase significantly after 36 weeks gestation. Further ultrasound studies of the newborn kidney will be of interest. PMID- 6673492 TI - Pre-HbA1c in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Day-to-day fluctuations in blood concentration of the glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c or HbA1, are mainly due to variations in content of the intermediate aldimide form, preHbA1c. Using electrofocusing we have studied this component adjacent to the HbA1c band, which represents the stable ketoamine form. The fraction of preHbA1c present rapidly increases upon incubation of erythrocytes in 20 mM glucose at +37 degrees C, and the reaction is fully reversible if glucose is removed. In children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with different degrees of metabolic control, levels of preHbA1c varied between 0.2 and 3.7% of total hemoglobin (median value 1.3%, N = 25). A clear correlation was found between preHbA1c and urinary glucose concentrations during the 12 hours preceding blood sampling (r = 0.75, p less than 0.001, df = 18). As expected, pre-HbA1c did not correlate to HbA1c or glycosylated albumin, which reflect long- and medium term diabetic control. PMID- 6673493 TI - Prolonged remission of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (Still's disease) following measles. PMID- 6673494 TI - Malformed female genitalia in newborns with the VATER association. PMID- 6673495 TI - Membranous glomerulopathy and chronic small-intestinal enteropathy associated with autoantibodies directed against renal tubular basement membrane and the cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells. AB - A child with an immune-mediated disease is described, who presented two very rare clinical manifestations, a membranous glomerulopathy with circulating anti-renal tubular basement membrane antibody and a small-intestinal enteropathy with circulating antibody directed against the cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells. Steroid treatment was followed by complete resolution of the renal but not the intestinal manifestations. PMID- 6673497 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Potter's syndrome by ultrasound. AB - A variety of fetal anomalies can be diagnosed by ultrasonographic examinations during the antepartum period. This report describes the first Scandinavian case of Potter's syndrome detected prenatally. The syndrome must be suspected whenever the combination of intrauterine growth retardation and severe oligohydramnios is seen. It is then essential to scan for the presence of fetal kidneys to establish that bilateral agenesis is not occurring. PMID- 6673496 TI - The successful completion of the Oslo Marathon by a patient with cystic fibrosis. AB - Metabolic consequences of prolonged, severe exercise were investigated in a well trained 16-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis (CF) who completed the Oslo Marathon (42 195 m). His CF was diagnosed 6 years earlier. He had minimal radiological lung changes and a maximal oxygen uptake of 63.0 ml/kg/min. Several blood, urine and lung function parameters as well as body weight, fluid intake and rectal temperature were measured. None of the findings differed from those reported in healthy marathoners. Interestingly, no changes were found in the serum concentrations of electrolytes. PMID- 6673498 TI - Dicarboxylic aciduria due to medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase defect. A cause of hypoglycemia in childhood. AB - Dicarboxylic aciduria was found during hypoglycemic episode in a 14 months old girl. Her brother had died at the age of 4 years during febrile illness. A ketogenic diet induced in this patient a severe hypoglycemia. Urinary organic acid profile exhibited abnormal excretion of the C6-C10 dicarboxylic acids (adipic-suberic-sebacic) and related metabolites (5 hydroxyhexanoic, hexanoylglycine, suberyl glycine). This pattern suggested a defect in fatty acids beta oxidation. Plasma carnitine values was within control limits. Similar clinical findings and urinary organic acids excretion have been described in 6 patients since the initial case of Gregersen. Enzymatic studies on cultivated fibroblasts from our patient showed a defect in medium chain CoA dehydrogenase. The treatment of this disease consists of glucose infusion during attacks and prevention of fasting. This rare disease must be considered in a child with non ketotic hypoglycemia or Reye's syndrome. PMID- 6673499 TI - Toxin A of Clostridium difficile: production, purification and effect in mouse intestine. AB - Clostridium difficile produces one diarrhoeogenic toxin designed A, and one cytopathogenic toxin designed B. Toxin A was purified in a four-step fractionation procedure. In the last purification step the toxin was separated by elution with galactose from an agarose gel. The purified toxin A induced a clear and watery hypersecretion in intestinal loops of mouse, while mixtures of toxin A and B induced a haemorrhagic secretion. At an ED50 value for the purified toxin A of 0.5 microgram there was a brief, optimal hypersecretion after four hours. Like the fluid secretion induced by cholera toxin, that induced by toxin A could be inhibited by chlorpromazine or by depletion of intestinal bile. In contrast to cholera toxin, however, toxin A did not activate intestinal adenylate cyclase--at least not permanently. Antisera which neutralized cholera toxin did not neutralize toxin A, and vice versa. PMID- 6673500 TI - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of immunoglobulin G antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan in patients with staphylococcal infections. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) for determination of antibodies against S. aureus peptidoglycan was used for serological diagnosis of staphylococcal infections. Elevated IgG antibody levels were found in 21/21 patients with S. aureus endocarditis and in 10/24 patients with S. aureus septicemia. Two patients with streptococcal and one patient with pneumococcal septicemia showed elevated antibody levels as well, probably due to cross reactions between peptidoglycans of different bacterial species. In cases of chronic osteomyelitis caused by S. aureus, 12/33 patients showed elevated antibody levels while all patients with recurrent furunculosis had normal antibody levels. Anti-peptidoglycan antibodies were also found in all healthy controls (n = 160) but at lower levels. This might explain the rapid booster response of IgG antibodies found in 73 per cent of patients with S. aureus endocarditis already within 10 days after the first symptoms. The best clinical value of the assay seems to be in separating S. aureus endocarditis from uncomplicated septicemia. PMID- 6673501 TI - Isolation of virus-like particles in urine from a psoriatic patient. AB - Virus-like particles have been isolated from urine of a psoriatic patient. A 70,000-dalton glycoprotein, gp70, located on the surface of the particles was purified by concanavalin A fractionation and immunosorbent chromatography with antibodies against virus-like particles produced by a cell culture established from a psoriatic lesion. Rabbit antiserum against purified gp70 seemed to be highly specific when anti-gp70 immunobeads reacted with detergent-disrupted urine pellet. When the immunobeads were added to urine in the absence of detergent, the proteins p27, p15, and p12 were extracted in addition to gp70. The three former proteins were radioactive labelled only after detergent-disruption of the adsorbed material in contrast to gp70. The results demonstrate that p27, p15, and p12 are located within the same particle which contains gp70 on the surface. An approximate quantitation of isolated core particles suggested that about 20 micrograms virus-like particles can be extracted from one litre urine by anti gp70 immunobeads. PMID- 6673502 TI - Comparative thermoresistance of two biological indicators for monitoring steam autoclaves. I. Comparison performed in a gravity BIER/Steam Vessel. AB - The thermoresistance of two biological indicators (BIs) for steam sterilization control (Swedish spore tablets and Attest No. 1242 BI) was compared at 121 degrees C and at 134 degrees C, saturated steam, in a special test autoclave (a gravity BIER/Steam Vessel). In this autoclave, three lots of Attest No. 1242 BI (ABI) demonstrated longer survival exposure times than did the three lots of the Scandinavian BI (SBI) tested while the survival-kill range was approx. the same. Also, the ABI had higher D121 degrees C- and D134 degrees C- values based on fraction-negative tests. The D121 degrees C-value of approx, 1.5 min as suggested by the European Pharmacopoeia, was met by both BIs. The larger spore population and the package configuration of the ABI units contribute to the higher thermoresistance of the ABI in the gravity BIER/Steam Vessel. PMID- 6673503 TI - Nitroblue tetrazolium slide test. Use of the phorbol-myristate-acetate-stimulated NBT-reduction slide test for routine and prenatal detection of chronic granulomatous disease and diagnosis of heterozygous carriers. AB - Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) in utero has recently been detected by a new qualitative nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction slide test using phorbol myristate-acetate (PMA) as a stimulus. The technique is simple and inexpensive and requires only a few microlitres of blood. Reported here is an evaluation of this method as applied to routine clinical diagnosis. The blood granulocytes from 300 normal individuals and 49 CGD patients and their relatives were tested and the results compared to the conventional in vitro function tests. In normal individuals the number of abnormal cells was very low never exceeding 2% of granulocytes. CGD patients (14 out of 15) diagnosed by conventional functional tests showed no positive cells in the NBT-PMA test. One patient diagnosed by functional tests had 4% positive cells. Thirty-four relatives of these patients were tested and eleven were found to have fewer positive cells than normal in the NBT-PMA slide test ranging from 16-88% of all granulocytes. These are presumably carriers, a finding supported by granulocyte function tests. All these individuals were female, mothers, sisters or maternal aunts of male CGD patients, thus presumably X-linked heterozygote carriers of CGD. An example of successful prenatal diagnosis using the PMA-NBT test is described. The results show that the PMA-NBT test provides a simple and reproducible method for routine diagnosis of CGD and CGD X-linked heterozygote carriers. PMID- 6673504 TI - Characterization of two strains of selectively bred guinea-pigs. 3. Homocytotropic antibodies in guinea-pig lines with high or low susceptibility to respiratory anaphylaxis. AB - Two strains of guinea-pigs selectively bred for either high (IMM/S) or low (IMM/R) ovalbumin-induced respiratory anaphylaxis were examined for correlations between respiratory anaphylaxis and production of homocytotropic and passive hemagglutinating antibodies. The passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assay (PCA-assay) was used to test for the production of the three classes of homocytotropic antibodies, IgGla, IgGlb and IgE after immunization either by inhalation of the antigen or by intraperitoneal injection of the antigen adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide. IgE was not detected in any of the strains within the seven-week period following immunization. When immunization was performed by the inhalation technique, antibodies of the two subclasses IgGla and IgGlb as well as hemagglutinating antibodies were demonstrated in all sublines from IMM/S, while in sublines from IMM/R IgGla and IgGlb were never found, and hemagglutinating antibodies were only detected in small amounts or not at all. However, injection of the antigen with aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant resulted in production of hemagglutinating antibodies as well as IgGla and IgGlb in both IMM/S and IMM/R. When such animals were challenged by inhalation of the antigen, a severe respiratory anaphylactic response was induced in guinea-pigs from IMM/S only. PMID- 6673505 TI - Essential fatty acid status in zinc deficiency. Effect on lipid and fatty acid composition, desaturation activity and structure of microsomal membranes of rat liver and testes. AB - The effect of zinc deficiency on the lipid composition, fluorescence anisotropy of the membrane labeled with diphenyl hexatriene and delta 9, delta 6, and delta 5 fatty acid desaturation activity of liver and testes microsomal membranes was studied. Sixty days of zinc deficiency in weanling rats evoked a loss of hair and scaled and ridged tail. The activities of delta 6 and delta 5 desaturases, that are relevant enzymes involved in linoleic acid conversion into arachidonic acid, were decreased in both liver and testes. However, the delta 9 desaturase of liver was increased by the zinc deficiency. The arachidonic acid concentration of liver and testes microsomes was decreased. The microsomal phospholipid/cholesterol ratio was markedly decreased, and this change was correlative to an increase of the fluorescence anisotropy of membranes labeled with diphenyl hexatriene, that indicated an increase of the order parameter for diphenyl hexatriene and considering the criterium of Van Blitterswijk et al., an increase of the molecular packing of the bilayer. Zinc deficiency evoked an essential fatty acid deficiency status with low eicosa-5,8,11-trienoic acid, and decrease of delta 6 and, specially, delta 5 desaturase activity, that aggravates the symptoms and avoids compensatory biosynthesis of the polyunsaturated acids of oleic family. PMID- 6673506 TI - Antagonism and supersensitivity to phenylephrine-induced chronotropic responses. AB - Right atria from rats were analyzed for chronotropic responses to phenylephrine in face of various drugs and procedures. Propranolol, 10(-8) M, produced a competitive antagonism against the agonist which concentration-effect curve was closely similar to that obtained from reserpinized animals. Prazosin, but not phentolamine (both 10(-6) M) showed inhibition of the phenylephrine-induced changes in heart rate, as judged by their -log EC50. Either of the alpha adrenoceptor antagonists exhibited a greater steepness in the curve slope with respect to control. The simultaneous exposure of tissues to phentolamine and propranolol proved to effectively antagonize the chronotropic effect of the agonist. This held true for phentolamine assayed in atria from reserpine pretreated rats. Previous incubation of tissues with papaverine, 10(-5) M, brought about supersensitivity to phenylephrine which was thoroughly inhibited by either phentolamine or propranolol. These results strongly suggest that beta adrenoceptor stimulation of heart rate by phenylephrine takes place indirectly via norepinephrine release. There is also alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation (blocked by prazosin). Finally, it is hypothesized that supersensitivity develops by papaverine-enhanced Ca2+ influx, since numerous evidences are against a phosphodiesterase inhibition-dependent cAMP accumulation mechanism triggered by papaverine in the presence of phenylephrine. PMID- 6673507 TI - Analysis of urinary steroid profiles of women with Cushing's syndrome by computerised gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Urinary steroidal profiles were studied in five women with Cushing's syndrome and in two normal women that were chosen as controls, by means of gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Four patients presented ACTH-dependent adrenal hyperplasia and the last patient had an adrenocortical carcinoma. Steroids were analyzed in urinary extracts, as their respective trimethylsilyloximes and/or trimethylsilylderivatives. Qualitative and quantitative data about 36 urinary steroids were obtained. Three pituitary patients showed a well defined picture of "5-ene pathway" in adrenal function. The fourth patient depicted some primary deficiencies of corticosteroid biosynthesis that overshadowed most biochemical expressions of Cushing's disease. The patient with adrenal carcinoma developed a steroidal pattern resembling autonomous functioning of adrenal cortex inner zones, showing both "5-ene pathway" and "4-ene pathway" increase. This patient also had an unexpected excretion of a major metabolite of 18-hydroxycorticosterone, that did not correlate with parameters of aldosterone production. Tetrahydro-6-hydroxy cortisol was determined in urine of two patients and original data about urinary cortoic acids in Cushing's syndrome are given. Peripheral reductive metabolism played the most important role in almost all patients. In turn, some oxidative metabolic pathways for cortisol were not specifically favoured in the cases of Cushing's disease here reported. PMID- 6673508 TI - Growth of the functional components of the rat skull in protein deficiency. PMID- 6673509 TI - [Determination of organochlorine insecticide residues in herbs and herbal mixtures prepared in 1980]. PMID- 6673510 TI - [Determination of antimitotic activity in new 1-methylpiperazine and perhydroazepine derivatives]. PMID- 6673511 TI - [Semisynthetic penicillins. XXV. Therapeutic effect of hetacillin acetylmethyl ester hydrochloride (CEAH) in Balb/c mice experimentally infected with gram negative bacteria]. PMID- 6673513 TI - [The imaginary in the psychic reality. Psychotherapeutic applications]. AB - Imagery is considered an important psychotherapeutic means in many contemporary systems, in an explicit way, or implicitely. Its function is at least double. On the one hand it detains the development of personal possibilities, for it raises an unreal barrier of transference when confronting new experiences, but on the other it amplifies life by extending it towards what Gaston Bachelard calls "a reality of superabundance". It represents the discovery of new facets in the external world but, much more important in psychotherapy, the revelation of unknown aspects of oneself. Thus, for explorative aims imagery is used in tests, interviews and even anamnesis, and for furthering the cure (insight and growth) in systems such as psychodrama, Desoille's waking dreams, sensitivity training and others. The question arises: what is the source of its effectivity? In my opinion it depends on two influences: 1) images, as symbols, constitute "intermediary objects" which permit a confrontation comparatively free of anxiety with oneself and above all to envisage new forms of behaviour. These can even be rehearsed in some psychodramatic techniques or in laboratories; 2) symbols give access to psychical areas which are forbidden to a conceptual approach. Therefore, I suggest that the conquest of one's reality results, paradoxically, from incursions in unreality. PMID- 6673512 TI - [Preliminary comparative pharmacological studies of 3-aryl and 3-alkyl-5 benzylidene derivatives of hydantoin, 2-thiohydantoin and 2-selenohydantoin]. PMID- 6673514 TI - [Satisfaction and dissatisfaction in the physician-patient relations]. AB - This study presents some results obtained in a research about sociological aspects of the doctor-patient relationship, taking in account the present or potential patient's point of view. Specifically, it aims to analyse the influence of some basic variables as age, sex and socioeconomic level on some aspects of the doctor-patient relationship: what symptoms determine that a patient calls a physician, how a patient chooses a doctor, what are the reasons to be satisfied or unsatisfied with a doctor's performance and in what kind of situation a patient does not call a doctor. For that purpose a sample group of 302 subjects was given a questionnaire of 35 items built by the author. The answers obtained in this research show the importance of socioeconomic level over the doctor patient relationship, which agrees with the sociological literature consulted. PMID- 6673515 TI - [Physiological research and clinical psychiatry. Approach studies]. AB - One of the research approaches followed at the Psychophysiology Unit of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, is described. After clarifying the broad concept of physiology employed in these studies, the notion of behavior is put forward as a function of tre whole living organism. Some reasons for its being neglected in traditional physiological research are briefly presented, along with comments on its relation to clinical work in psychiatry, especially in description and diagnosis. Electrophysiological studies conducted at the Psychophysiology Unit have been aimed at generating data of behavioral relevance during well-defined experimental conditions in order to obtain information complementing that obtained in other observational settings, such as psychometric testing or clinical interview. It is hoped that such approach might be used in the establishment of diagnostic categories of high consensual validity and based on culturefair indicators. As an example of methodical strategy in clinical phychophysiology, work on slow brain potentials (contingent negative variation, CNV) is briefly reviewed. PMID- 6673516 TI - [10 cases of psychosis in Mapuche indians]. AB - Ten Mapuche indians have been studied with the purpose of observing the particularities of mental disorders in this ethnic group, composed of rural migrants. In each case a syndromatic and an etiological diagnosis has been made. Our cases correspond to six women and four men with an average age of 24.5 years. All are single with a low educational level. Our results show a great frequency of the acute oniroid psychotic syndrome. These results agree with a retrospective study made by Munoz et al (1966) who found the same syndrome in 66.6% of their Mapuche patients against only 16.3% in non Mapuche chilean patients. PMID- 6673517 TI - [Construction of semantic scales for the subjective evaluation of noise]. AB - This is the first stage of a research the aim of which is to construct proper scales for the subjective evaluation of noise, using Osgood's Differential Semantic Technique. 137 adjectives were selected using two criteria. For the first criterium a method based on Gougenheim's and Hogenraad's researches was used. 200 subjects were asked to write 30 adjectives that could be used for qualifying sonorous stimuli. The frequencies of the adjectives given by the subjects were calculated and 25 of them were selected for being under the 10% limit of the probability, arbitrarily chosen as a criterium for the selection. For the second criterium 10 acoustic researchers were asked to write all those adjectives they considered important for noise evaluation. Thus, 112 adjectives were selected. The 137 adjectives got by the two criteria were judged by 15 university professors of different careers, for getting their opposites. A level of agreement of at least 6 of 15 judges was considered. 62 adjectives with their opposites were got and using other two criteria they were reduced to 37. A hypothesis was formulated grouping the adjectives into 8 factors taking into account the three universal factors: Evaluation (E), Potency (P) and Activity (A) according to the Differential Semantic Technique. Seven point scales were constructed with the adjectives. The construction of the scales, the selection of concepts, the application of them to a sample of subjects and data analysis will be the second stage of this research. PMID- 6673519 TI - [Detection of suicide attempts likely to be repeated within a year]. AB - According to the World Health Organization, 20-30% of suicide attempters make a new attempt within 12 months. Buglass and Horton have proposed a 6-point clinical scale meant to predict the risk of repetition within a year. The authors used this instrument on 183 suicide attempters. Based on the new attempts actually observed, they discuss the validity and the specificity of this instrument. PMID- 6673520 TI - [Dexamethasone suppression test and suicide]. AB - Suicidal behavior may be related to perturbations of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. We administered the DST to 51 patients admitted for suicide attempt on admission day. No correlation is found between DST result and type of suicide attempt. The DST's diagnostic predictive value was absent for our population. Neither alcoholism, nor repeat of suicide attempt, nor suicidal behavior rating scales were correlated with DST results. Drug interference effects and the "stress" factor may explain our DST results on a population of suicide attemptors. PMID- 6673518 TI - [The Risk-Rescue Scale and evaluation of suicidal persons]. AB - The R-S scale evaluates the lethality of suicidal acting-out behavior. We applied it, in the first phase, to 97 patients. The differences between our results and those of Weisman and Worden bring us to frame two hypotheses: either the differences are due to the specific nature of each population, or the differences are due to the observers. In the second phase, we apply the R-S scale to 170 patients. Across the three groups studied (Weisman and Worden's, our first phase, our second phase), we note that in the first phase there are differences linked to the observers, but that the specific nature of the respective populations also contribute to the differences. This is all the more obvious when we consider the number of suicide attempt repeaters within each group. PMID- 6673521 TI - [Effect of lysine-vasopressin on the Flicker Test and the Buschke Memory Test in elderly patients]. AB - In the present study, we have tested the cortical arousal (Flicker's Test) and mnesic function (Buschke Test) before and after a short-term Lysine-Vasopressin (LVP) treatment in normal senescent male (Age: 64,3 +/- 3,4). We have not been able to evidence any objective nor subjective improvement in the LVP versus placebo treated group. We do not know the origins of the discrepancies between the different clinical studies published so far concerning the influence of exogenous vasopressin on memory in man. PMID- 6673522 TI - [Computerized letter to the attending physician. Practical application of the AMDP (Association of Methodology and Documentation in Psychiatry)]. AB - The authors have elaborated a micro-computerized program which enables --on the basis of the Psychopathology Form (plus optionally the Somatic Form) of the AMDP System and of an open-language diagnosis and treatment --to print out instantly a semi-standardized letter and a syndromic profile of 10 or 13 factors. This realization is favorably acknowledged by general practitioners and medical inspectors thanks to its speed of transmission, to its brevity and to the clarity of the syndromic reduction of the clinical picture. Other advantages lie in the greater validity of factor scores as compared to items scores, the standardization and readability of the clinical files, and the extension of the AMDP data bank. PMID- 6673523 TI - Search for the relationship between academic performance and some psychosocial factors. The use of a structured interview. AB - Eight hundred and seventy-four freshmen underwent a structured interview to study the relationship of psychosocial factors to academic performance. The scores were measured using the SPSS computer package. The results demonstrate positive significant relationships between study success and sex, fulfilled study expectations, fulfilled college expectations, informal contacts with faculty members, introversion and confidence. The scores indicate negative significant relationships between study success and regular alcohol drinking, abuse of medication and some psychopathological symptoms. PMID- 6673524 TI - Search for the relationship between interrupted university attendance of first year students and some psychosocial factors. AB - Eight hundred and seventy-four freshmen underwent a structured interview to study the relationship of some psychosocial factors to interrupted university attendance. The scores were measured using the SPSS computer package. The scores indicate negative significant relationships between interrupted university attendance and satisfactory housing, own study choice, study motivation, campus participation and irregular alcohol consumption. The results demonstrate a positive significant relationship between withdrawal and the distance from the university. PMID- 6673525 TI - [Pain and anxiety]. PMID- 6673526 TI - [Premedication and anxiety in operative dentistry and maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 6673527 TI - [Music therapy]. PMID- 6673528 TI - [Light-colors and musical relaxation]. PMID- 6673530 TI - Promising directions in pediatric research. PMID- 6673529 TI - [Obstetrical hypnorelaxation]. PMID- 6673531 TI - [Specular and electron microscopic studies of Chandler's syndrome: corneal endothelium and anterior chamber angle]. PMID- 6673532 TI - [New stereochronoscopy]. PMID- 6673533 TI - [Surgical management of superior oblique palsy. 4. Analysis of cyclovertical components by measuring binocular dynamic counter-rolling]. PMID- 6673534 TI - [Clinical studies of macular changes in diabetic retinopathy. 2. Effects of photocoagulation]. PMID- 6673535 TI - [Effects of anterior chamber irrigation on blood-aqueous barrier]. PMID- 6673536 TI - [Spatial modulation transfer function of anisometropic amblyopia]. PMID- 6673537 TI - [Experimental studies of refraction changes following retinal detachment surgery. 2. Changes in refractive power following encircling operation]. PMID- 6673538 TI - [Purification and characterization of calcium ion pump activator in bovine lens]. PMID- 6673540 TI - [Clinical studies of retinochoroidal atrophy. 1. Clarification of aggravating factors by quantitative analysis]. PMID- 6673539 TI - [Sulphydryl groups in human cataractous lens gamma H crystallins]. PMID- 6673541 TI - [Dynamic topography of visual evoked potentials and possible extrageniculate projection in Riddoch's phenomenon]. PMID- 6673543 TI - [Ultrastructure of interendothelial junction in the blood vessel of human iris]. PMID- 6673542 TI - [Pattern reversal VEPs on the lower, upper, nasal and temporal field stimulations in anisometropic amblyopia]. PMID- 6673544 TI - [Retinal changes following intravitreal injection of amino acids]. PMID- 6673545 TI - [Immunological characteristics and localization of insoluble antigen from bovine retina]. PMID- 6673546 TI - [Oculomotor nerve in the cavernous sinus]. PMID- 6673547 TI - [Summation of photocoagulation areas with graphic digitizer]. PMID- 6673548 TI - [Impairment of red-, green-, and blue-sensitive mechanisms detected by a new color campimeter. 2. Static threshold campimetry in early glaucoma]. PMID- 6673549 TI - [Effects of the encircling procedure on aqueous flow rate. Fluorophotometric study]. PMID- 6673551 TI - [Effects of intravitreal injection of urokinase on the rabbit eye. II. Effects of urokinase with stabilizer on ERP amplitude]. PMID- 6673550 TI - [Intraocular irrigating solution for ophthalmic surgery. 3. Role of bicarbonate and S-MA2]. PMID- 6673552 TI - [Cytofluorometric nuclear DNA determination in human corneal endothelial cells]. PMID- 6673553 TI - [Rabbit vitreous cells in tissue culture]. PMID- 6673554 TI - [Ocular fluorophotometry in patients with essential hypertension]. PMID- 6673555 TI - [Serum-free culture of chick retinal pigment epithelial cells]. PMID- 6673556 TI - [Effect of coagulation on rat retina. II. Histological studies on the changes of coagulated external retina]. PMID- 6673557 TI - [Effects of ozone on human nuclear cataractous lens crystalline]. PMID- 6673558 TI - [Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in experimental retinal siderosis]. PMID- 6673559 TI - [Glycosaminoglycans of the bovine Tenon's capsules]. PMID- 6673560 TI - [Cone and rod functions evaluated by electroretinography]. PMID- 6673561 TI - [Visual axis and measurement of refractive errors. A theoretical study based on computer program ACRA-83]. PMID- 6673562 TI - [Experimental hyphema and clump cells--electron microscopic study]. PMID- 6673563 TI - [Role of prostaglandins E in cataract associated with uveitis]. PMID- 6673564 TI - [Immature trabecular meshwork in juvenile open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 6673565 TI - [Quasistatic study on accommodation]. PMID- 6673566 TI - [Visual evoked potentials elicited by sinusoidal gratings in optic nerve disorders]. PMID- 6673567 TI - [Aqueous flow through anterior and posterior parts of the human trabecular meshwork]. PMID- 6673568 TI - [Lens protein degrading activity in the aqueous humor]. PMID- 6673569 TI - [Culture of cells derived from retinoblastoma]. PMID- 6673570 TI - [Cold cataract of neonatal mouse lens]. PMID- 6673571 TI - [Sequential observation of visual fields in glaucoma with Friedmann analyser 2]. PMID- 6673572 TI - [Effects of hydrogen peroxide on calcium-induced lens protein aggregation]. PMID- 6673573 TI - Excess vitamin A and the metabolism of carbohydrates: variation of enzyme activities in gingiva of rats submitted to excess vitamin A, vitamin A plus cortisol and vitamin A plus ascorbic acid. AB - The effect of 1 to 5 doses of 15,000 I.U. of vitamin A on some enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism in gingival tissue from rats was studied. Vitamin A feeding resulted in a significant increase in the activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase with the different doses tested. A reduction in the activity of phosphofructokinase was observed with 2 and 4 doses. The administration of ascorbic acid along with vitamin A, did not prevent the effects of vitamin A on the activities of the enzymes studied. The data on the enzyme activities in the groups simultaneously fed on vitamin A and cortisol may indicate an additive effect of these compounds. PMID- 6673575 TI - Intestinal absorption of oxalate in scorbutic and ascorbic acid supplemented guinea pigs. AB - Radiolabelled U-14C oxalic acid uptake was measured in the intestine of scorbutic and ascorbic acid (AA) supplemented guinea pigs. The feeding of vitamin C deficient diet to the animals for 26 days resulted in a significant fall in the ascorbic acid levels in the various tissues studied. Supplementation of vitamin C (10, 25 or 50 mg per 200 g body weight) increased ascorbic acid levels of spleen, adrenals, liver and leucocytes. The intestinal uptake of oxalate follows a passive diffusion mechanism in normally fed guinea pigs. The oxalate uptake rate was significantly increased (p less than 0.001) in the vitamin C administered group. Vitamin C depletion significantly decreased the oxalate uptake rate as compared to control animals. The changes observed in the uptake rate appear to be related with the chemical aberrations produced in the brush border membranes. PMID- 6673576 TI - Thiamine-binding protein from rat erythrocytes. AB - A protein with thiamine-binding activity (14 nmole/mg protein) was isolated from rat red cells by affinity chromatography. Adsorbent with varying degrees of hydrophobicity containing thiamine as ligand were used for the isolation. A 2300 fold purification in a 50% overall yield was attained. The purified thiamine binding protein is homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. PMID- 6673574 TI - Modulation of alkaline phosphatase in different organs by ascorbic acid and related compounds. AB - The organ-specific modulation by ascorbic acid and related compounds on alkaline phosphatase activity of calf intestinal and human placental tissues has been studied at pH 8.0 and 37 degrees C. L(+)-ascorbic acid and its isomer D(-) ascorbic acid inhibit to a similar extent the intestinal isoenzyme and appear to be more potent modifiers than dehydro-L-(+)-ascorbic acid. In contrast, the placental isoenzyme shows an initial activation by the three chemical agents, followed by an inhibition. The inhibition is lower with L(+)-ascorbic acid and D( )-ascorbic acid, while its catalytic activity is affected only slightly by dehydro-L-(+)ascorbic acid. PMID- 6673577 TI - Action of vitamin P like compounds on lysosomal status in hypercholesterolemic rats. AB - Vitamin P like compounds such as quercetin and hesperidin administered at a dose of 50 mg/Kg/day along with a hypercholesterolemic diet for three weeks significantly restored the elevated cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in rats. Both these flavonoids exerted in vivo a stabilising effect on lysosomes in rat liver which had been rendered fragile in hypercholesterolemic condition. Moreover, these compounds also possessed the stabilisation effect on lysosomes in vitro. The stabilisation effect exerted on lysosomes was found to be due to the retarded release of lysosomal acid hydrolases and not to enzyme inhibition. Such stabilisation of the lysosomes may have a beneficial role in partial amelioration of hypercholesterolemic conditions. PMID- 6673578 TI - Psychoanalysis and hypnosis theory: comments on five case histories. PMID- 6673579 TI - The multiple personality: a legal defense. PMID- 6673580 TI - The use of hypnosis in the treatment of reflux esophagitis: a case report. PMID- 6673581 TI - Ericksonian hypnotic framework for Asian-Americans. PMID- 6673582 TI - Therapeutic indications in applying an innovative hypnotherapeutic technique: the client-as-hypnotist. PMID- 6673583 TI - Psychogenic seizures treated by hypnosis. PMID- 6673585 TI - Hypnotherapeutic techniques in patients with affective instability. PMID- 6673584 TI - Hypnosis, memory, and incidental memory. PMID- 6673586 TI - Pseudo-orientation in time in the treatment of agoraphobia. PMID- 6673587 TI - A comparative analysis of direct and indirect hypnotic communication styles. PMID- 6673588 TI - Hypnotherapy over the telephone. PMID- 6673589 TI - Early uses of the telephone and recordings in hypnosis. PMID- 6673590 TI - The use of hypnotic techniques with psychotics. PMID- 6673591 TI - Hypnosis with psychotic patients: comment on Scagnelli-Jobsis. PMID- 6673592 TI - Hypnosis with psychotic patients: response to Spiegel. PMID- 6673593 TI - New perspectives in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the role of glipizide in its treatment. Proceedings of a symposium. PMID- 6673594 TI - Increased capillary permeability in diabetes mellitus and its relationship to microvascular angiopathy. AB - Increased capillary permeability to large molecular weight plasma proteins is an early phenomenon in diabetes that affects the microvasculature of the kidney, eye, brain, and many other peripheral tissues such as skin and muscle. This widespread vascular leakiness is related to the metabolic disturbance of diabetes and associated changes in blood flow and intravascular pressure. Correction of hyperglycemia and increased blood flow reduces and often normalizes the excessive leakage. The relevance of increased small vessel permeability to eventual organ and tissue damage remains largely speculative. However, recent experimental evidence has suggested that certain levels of subclinical elevated urinary albumin excretion rate strongly predict the onset of Albustix-positive proteinuria, a certain precursor of renal failure. Hemodynamic factors in the genesis of diabetic microangiopathy are discussed, and a hypothetic sequence of events leading from increased capillary permeability to end stage organ or tissue failure is suggested. PMID- 6673595 TI - Sclerosteosis involving the temporal bone: clinical and radiologic aspects. AB - Sclerosteosis is one of the rare, potentially lethal, autosomal recessive, progressive, craniotubular sclerosing bone dysplasias. Syndactyly of the second and third or other fingers is evident at birth. Hyperostosis and sclerosis are most prominent in the skull and tubular bones, and are frequently associated with excessive height and weight. The typical facial deformity is apparent by the age of 5 years. The changes involving the temporal bone include a marked increase in overall dimensions, extreme sclerosis, and narrowing and constriction of the external ear canal, middle ear cleft, internal acoustic meatus, and falloppian canal. Impairment of hearing, as a rule bilateral, is a frequent presenting symptom which may manifest in early childhood. Initially it is an expression of interference with sound conduction; later it may become associated with a loss of sound perception. Impairment of facial nerve function is another salient feature which occasionally is present at birth. As a rule, it manifests initially as a unilateral, recurrent paresis, eventually progressing to a bilateral permanent partial loss of facial nerve function. Since impairments of hearing and facial nerve function are two of the salient features, present at birth or in early childhood, the responsibility for recognizing the disease often falls upon the otolaryngologist. The clinical and radiologic features permit not only early recognition of the disorder but also differentiation from similar bony dysplasias. Hyperosteosis and sclerosis of the skull lead to thickening and distortion of the calvaria, cranial base, and foramen magnum resulting in reduction of the intracranial volume, interference with the cerebral blood flow, resorption of cerebrospinal fluid, and gradual increase of intracranial pressure. Severe headaches resulting from this mechanism often develop in early adulthood, and several patients have died suddenly from impaction of the medulla oblongata in the foramen magnum. Decompression of the transverse sigmoid sinus and jugular bulb may be lifesaving, combined with a posterior, and if necessary, an anterior, craniectomy for decompression. Early decompression of the internal acoustic meatus and falloppian canal may help in the preservation of cochlear and facial nerve function. PMID- 6673596 TI - Sudden deafness associated with bilateral Reissner's membrane ruptures. AB - A histologic study of sudden deafness resulting from rupture of cochlear membranes, first in the left ear, and then, three years later, in the right ear, in a patient with vertebro-basilar arteriosclerosis is reported. Two healed ruptures were demonstrated on the right side, one in the hook portion of the cochlea, and one in the area of the promontory. The latter was adherent to the saccule, distorting it inferiorly. In the left temporal bone, a healed rupture was demonstrated approximately 5 mm distal to the labyrinthectomy obliteration. Although the patient's vertebro-basilar artery disease and her sudden deafness syndromes are considered separate entities, one must at least consider whether such longstanding vascular insufficiency might predispose to more readily ruptured membranes with sudden pressure changes in the inner ear. PMID- 6673597 TI - Second-order neural responses after contralateral vestibular nerve sectioning. AB - The characteristics of the response to an 8 degrees/sec2 acceleration of 41 neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus of the cat following vestibular nerve sectioning were compared with those of 73 control neurons at the same site. In 14 of the vestibular nerve-sectioned animals the same neuron was recorded before and after sectioning. No difference was found between the resting discharge rates, maximal response rates, and rates of adaptation of the two groups. Following contralateral vestibular nerve sectioning Type II neurons were still plentiful, suggesting many receive ipsilateral labyrinthine innervation. PMID- 6673598 TI - High-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone: its role in the evaluation of middle ear disease. AB - High-resolution computed tomography (CT) was performed on the temporal bones of 93 patients in conjunction with pluridirectional tomography. The majority of the patients were scanned on the prototype Pfizer 0200 FS second-generation scanner, modified to meet the demands of high-resolution scanning. Images from this relatively economical scanner are almost comparable to those obtainable with the GE CT/T 8800 scanner in spatial and contrast resolution. CT scans of the temporal bone were found to be more sensitive than pluridirectional tomography in visualizing fractures and soft tissue masses in the middle ear, including fluid levels and tympanic membrane swelling. It is concluded that high-resolution CT of the temporal bone will probably soon entirely replace pluridirectional tomography. PMID- 6673599 TI - The relationship of stria vascularis volume and cochlear duct volume. AB - To determine whether stria vascularis volume correlated with cochlear duct volume, 1,180 human temporal bones were examined. Fifty-eight ears in 44 persons showed the presence of endolymphatic hydrops. Strial atrophy was found in 143 ears in 83 persons, in five of which it was severe. Eight cases of endolymphatic hydrops occurred in the presence of mild to moderate strial atrophy. A decrease in cochlear duct volume usually accompanied severe strial atrophy. However, a case in which cochlear duct volume was normal in the presence of severe strial atrophy was seen. Cochlear duct volume does not always correlate with stria vascularis volume. PMID- 6673600 TI - Auditory middle latency responses in the guinea pig. AB - Auditory middle latency responses (latencies 6 to 50 msec in guinea pigs) were recorded from eight awake, restrained guinea pigs. Before recording, screw electrodes were implanted in the skull in a coronal plane in line with the bregma. Another electrode, which served to monitor auditory brainstem responses, was placed 1 cm posterior to the bregma. All electrodes were referenced to a lead positioned 2 cm anterior to the bregma. During the recording session, click stimuli of various repetition rates and intensity levels were delivered monaurally in a closed sound system. Auditory brainstem responses were monitored to ensure normal functioning of the peripheral auditory system. Responses from electrodes at the midline and over the temporal area ipsilateral to the stimulus ear were greatly attenuated or absent. From an electrode over the temporal area contralateral to the stimulus ear, two positive peaks occurred at latencies of approximately 12 and 27 msec. A negative trough was identified at approximately 17 msec. Latency and amplitude functions for this waveform were determined for various stimulus levels. Response amplitude increased as stimulus repetition rate was decreased. Anesthesia greatly altered waveform structure and prolonged peak latencies. These effects were more marked at stimulus repetition rates faster than 10/sec than at slower rates. Properties of the guinea pig middle latency response are compared with those previously reported for cats and humans. PMID- 6673601 TI - Eustachian tube pathophysiology. AB - Studies of eustachian tube physiology have mainly focused on the ability of the tube to open. For this reason, impaired opening ability has been regarded as the basis of eustachian tube malfunction. Characteristic patterns have been found in pressure measurements in patients with chronic middle ear disease. Simultaneous measurements of nasopharyngeal and middle ear pressures in patients with atelectatic tympanic membranes and retraction cholesteatoma have shown that high negative intratympanic pressure is generated by the voluntary act of sniffing. Eustachian tube malfunction in these patients is thus characterized by failure of the tube to close. PMID- 6673602 TI - Continuous portable vacuum drainage of auricular hematomas. AB - A simple, fast, effective method of managing auricular hematoma is presented. It is based on continuous vacuum drainage after complete aseptic evacuation of the hematoma and blood clots. Pressure dressings are unnecessary. PMID- 6673603 TI - Leiomyoma of the trachea. AB - Benign tracheal tumors are rare but important to recognize early because they are curable. A 70-year-old man had a brief history of asthma-like symptoms. Bronchoscopy showed a mass in the lower trachea. The biopsy specimen was interpreted as a benign spindle cell tumor, defined histologically as leiomyoma. This appears to be the 11th report of tracheal leiomyoma. PMID- 6673604 TI - Longevity of otolaryngologists. PMID- 6673605 TI - The preepiglottic and paraglottic spaces in relation to spread of carcinoma of the larynx. AB - The submucosal compartments of the larynx were examined using a whole-organ sectioning technique. Seven specimens of normal larynx and 35 specimens of carcinoma of the larynx were studied. Victoria blue and van Gieson stains were used to demonstrate connective tissue elements. The preepiglottic space was distinctly separated from the paraglottic spaces by membranous partitions made up of collagen and elastic fibers. These partitions offer some resistance to tumor invasion in the early stages of laryngeal cancer, keeping the tumor from extending to the adjacent compartment while allowing it to spread freely within the same compartment. In the absence of mucosal extension across the midline, submucosal spread of tumor to the opposite side is unlikely. In view of possible cranial spread of tumor along the preepiglottic and paraglottic spaces, excision of all these spaces, together with the hyoid bone, is indicated in total laryngectomy. PMID- 6673606 TI - Plain roentgenography in the evaluation of unilateral vocal cord mobility. AB - Despite the availability of many methods for the structural and functional evaluation of the larynx, this study suggests that plain roentgenographic techniques are simple and effective means of providing diagnostic and prognostic data useful in the management of hemilaryngeal dysfunction. Lateral soft tissue and anteroposterior views of the neck can demonstrate unilateral vocal cord dysfunction within a few hours after onset. Complete recovery of vocal cord function is most likely to occur when hemilaryngeal dysfunction is not associated with the appearance of a distended ventricle on the lateral soft tissue roentgenogram of the neck. Conversely, when the distended ventricle assumes a delta or Y configuration, it is unlikely that the hemilarynx will resume its normal mobility. Laryngeal immobility lasting more than six months is usually irreversible. PMID- 6673607 TI - [Our experience in treating women with pathologic functional hyperprolactinemia and normal blood prolactin levels with bromocriptine]. PMID- 6673608 TI - Ultrastructure of the absorptive cells in the small intestine of the rat during starvation. AB - The ultrastructure of the absorptive cells in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum after 7, 14 and 21 days of starvation was investigated using rats aged from 12 to 18 months weighing about 500 g. In the basal cytoplasm of the absorptive cells (in the duodenum and ileum of 21-day-starved rats and the jejunum of 14- and 21 day-starved rats), the following changes were found: atrophied mitochondrion-like bodies, small vesicles, a short and sparse rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and a lack of density in a portion of the cytoplasm. Moreover, many autolysosomes of various sizes and shapes were encountered in the basal cytoplasm; occasionally these elements accumulated and appeared to fuse to one another. In contrast, in the apical cytoplasm of absorptive cells in the intestine of starved rats, the ultrastructure was similar to that of control rats. It was considered that the apical cytoplasm of the absorptive cells in the starved rat intestine might be preserved as long as possible during starvation in order to absorb nutrients when they become available again. PMID- 6673609 TI - Neuronal and synaptic arrangements of the lateral geniculate nucleus in night active primates. AB - The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of Aotus trivirgatus and Nycticebus coucang shows two types of neurons at the ultrastructural level: a large thalamo-cortical relay neuron (TCR) and a small neuron of Golgi type II, which is considered to be an interneuron. The interneuron contains small aggregations of synaptic vesicles in the perikaryon adjacent to the cell membrane in synaptic contact to a TCR neuron. Only in the perikaryon of the interneurons can cilia have their origin. After unilateral enucleation, neurofilamentous or dark degenerations of large boutons with round vesicles (type RL) occur in the outer layers of the contralateral LGN and in the inner layers of the ipsilateral LGN. The optic terminals establish synaptic contacts in the glomerulus with dendritic spines of the TCR neurons and with presynaptic dendrites (F2) of interneurons. PMID- 6673610 TI - Quantitative studies on regional differences in Purkinje cell dendritic spines and parallel fiber synaptic density. AB - Volume densities, surface densities, length densities and numerical densities of several structures in the neocerebellar lobule VIa and the archicerebellar lobule X of six-month old male Han: WIST-rats were estimated by point- and intersection counting. The volume densities of dendritic spines (ca. 6.5%), parallel fiber varicosities (ca. 25%) and processes of Bergmann glial cells (ca. 21%) were similar in the upper third of the molecular layer of lobule VIa and X respectively. The surface density of the spine membrane was 31 mm2/mm3 in lobule X and 32 mm2/mm3 in lobule VIa (p = 0.4375; paired Pitman permutation test). The length density of dendritic spines varied from 793 meters/mm3 in lobule VIa to 675 meters/mm3 in lobule X (p = 0.0938). The mean caliper diameter of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses was estimated by Mayhew's (1979) method and calculated by Cruz-Orive's (1983) computer program. Both tests yielded nearly identical numerical densities of parallel fiber synapses in lobule VIa (6.558 X 10(8)/mm3) and in lobule X (4.892 X 10(8)/mm3; p = 0.0313). The area of synaptic apposition relative to the postsynaptic dendritic spine surface was higher in lobule VIa (13.3%) than in lobule X (10.4%; p = 0.0313). The data provide electron microscopic evidence of regional differences in spine morphology, which together with different spiny branchlet diameter and numerical density of parallel fiber synapses may be of importance in Purkinje cell physiology. PMID- 6673611 TI - Nerve endings in the pulmonary trunk, ductus arteriosus and aorta of intact and decapitated pig fetuses. AB - Nerve fibres reactive to acetyl-thiocholine, and tissues showing catecholamine fluorescence were examined in the pulmonary trunk, ductus arteriosus and aorta of 28 pig fetuses between 31 and 113 days of gestation (term = 114 +/- 1 days). Eight additional fetuses, which had been decapitated in utero at 40-43 days, were also studied at ages between 51 and 114 days of gestation. Spherical micro networks of nervous tissue reactive to acetyl-thiocholine are present in the adventitia on the cranial aspect of the pulmonary trunk and ductus arteriosus, between the aorta and pulmonary trunk, and on the caudal aspects of the pulmonary trunk and the pulmonary arteries. These fibres invest spherical clusters of catecholamine containing cells which are well supplied with blood vessels. Nerve fibres which fluoresce are also found in association with these cells. Decapitation in utero does not appear to affect the distribution of morphology of these structures. The observations show that structures are present in the major arteries of the fetal pig which may act as sensory receptors, and that these structures are unaffected by chronic vagotomy of the fetus produced by decapitation early in gestation. PMID- 6673612 TI - Development of nervous tissue in the heart of the fetal and neonatal pig and the effect of decapitation in utero. AB - The development and distribution of the nerves in the heart of the pig was studied macroscopically and by light microscopy. Hearts were collected from 86 fetuses between 31 and 114 days of gestation (term = 114 days), from 12 neonatal pigs aged 9 and 20 days and from 6 adult sows of the Dutch Landrace breed. The effect of vagotomy produced by decapitation in utero at 40-43 days was studied in an additional 24 hearts from fetuses aged between 51 and 114 days of gestation. The amount of acetyl-thiocholine reactive fibres increases in the atria, A-V node and ventricles throughout gestation. At every age the amount of nervous tissue is highest in the A-V node and lowest in the ventricles. Hearts from decapitated fetuses have smaller amounts of nerve tissue than those from intact fetuses at every age studied. Ganglia are present in both intact and decapitated fetuses. Fluorescent cells containing catecholamines are observed in hearts from fetuses as young as 35 days gestation. Although fluorescent nerve fibres are rarely seen in hearts at 70 days gestation, more fibres are present near birth and thereafter there appears to be a considerable increase in the number of fibres and in the intensity with which they fluoresce. These results show that there is substantial nerve growth into the heart of the pig during gestation and that catecholamine containing nerve fibres develop later than those reactive to acetyl-thiocholine. PMID- 6673613 TI - The first appearance of the major divisions of the human brain at stage 9. AB - Five embryos of stage 9 (20 days) were studied in detail and graphic reconstructions were prepared. This is the first report based on more than one specimen of this rarely seen stage. Detailed measurements of the embryos are provided. The characteristic features of this stage are 1 to 3 pairs of somites, the head fold and foregut, the otic discs, and the pericardial cavity. The primitive streak is not decreasing as rapidly as in stage 8 but the caudal eminence is proliferating. The notochordal plate is not increasing as rapidly as in stage 8 and a notochord is not yet present. It is to be stressed that the 3 major divisions of the brain (prosencephalic, mesencephalic, and rhombencephalic) can be identified in the open neural groove. The rhombencephalon is the dominant feature of the brain and comprises 4 subdivisions, the last of which, previously unrecognized, is related to the (occipital) somites and represents the hypoglossal region. Features that may not be visible include the caudal fold and hindgut, endocardial tubes or plexus, neural crest, and neurenteric canal. In 2 specimens, atria, left ventricle, right ventricle, conotruncus, and first (or first and second) aortic arches are distinguishable. Two of the embryos studied are the earliest examples in which neural crest has been identified. PMID- 6673614 TI - Effects of monosodium glutamate on the development of intraventricular axons in the rat hypothalamus. AB - The development of intraventricular axons in the infundibular recess of the young rat was investigated by correlative scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM-TEM). From the fourth through the fifteenth day of life such axons increase steadily in number. During subsequent weeks their number gradually decreases. In animals given monosodium glutamate on the fourth postnatal day there is widespread neuronal necrosis in the arcuate nucleus, and the development of intraventricular axons is greatly reduced. These findings suggest that the axons originate from the neurons of the arcuate nucleus. PMID- 6673616 TI - [The role of the physician today]. PMID- 6673617 TI - [Caval neoplastic thrombosis in renal tumors: clinico-therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 6673618 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the stomach]. PMID- 6673615 TI - Glycogen accumulations in differentiating mesonephric ducts and tubuli in male human embryos. AB - Human mesonephric duct epithelial cells contained empty appearing regions in the infranuclear cytoplasm when prepared for transmission electron microscopy using glutaraldehyde and osmium fixation. The same regions stained positively with PAS in Epon sections for light microscopy suggesting that glycogen was present. Incubation with saliva abolished the reaction. For electron microscopy the glycogen stained very intensely if a mixture of osmium tetroxide and potassium ferrocyanide was used instead of osmium alone. Glycogen accumulations were present between the ages of 5 to 10 weeks and absent at the age of 15 weeks. Reports by others indicate that glycogen may be present in different reactive forms in relation to its staining behaviour after various fixatives. The present results, and similar studies in other tissues, indicate that osmium tetroxide potassium ferrocyanide fixative should be used routinely for preservation of embryos and fetuses and where indicated, for ultrastructural identification of glycogen and cytoplasmic filaments in clinical specimens. PMID- 6673619 TI - [Diagnostic problems of primary malignant gastric lymphomas]. PMID- 6673620 TI - [Biliary pathology in gastric-resected patients]. PMID- 6673621 TI - [Radiologic and manometric aspects of diffuse esophageal spasm]. PMID- 6673623 TI - [Reflux cholangitis: long-term results after surgical intervention on the common bile duct]. PMID- 6673622 TI - [Surgical treatment of refractory ascites with peritoneovenous shunt and its complications]. PMID- 6673624 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma: considerations on 3 clinical cases]. PMID- 6673626 TI - [Problems of surgical therapy of rectal prolapse]. PMID- 6673625 TI - [Non-epithelial gastric neoplasms]. PMID- 6673627 TI - [Pre- and post-operative care in patients having total colectomies]. PMID- 6673628 TI - [Acute mucosal lesions: modern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches]. PMID- 6673629 TI - [The role of microsurgery in the free autotransplant of the intestine for the esophagogastric reconstruction]. PMID- 6673630 TI - [Clinico-instrumental evaluation of ciclonicate in the therapy of obliterating arteriopathies of the lower extremities in Fontaine's stage II]. PMID- 6673631 TI - [Diagnostic contribution of echography in the surgical indications in the so called "excluded gallbladder"]. PMID- 6673632 TI - [Infections in arterial reconstructive surgery after expanded polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis]. PMID- 6673633 TI - [The Tomoda reconstruction after total gastrectomy: clinical study]. PMID- 6673634 TI - [Use of the midline transhepatic access to the biliary junction in the presence of massive postoperative hilar sclerosis. Note on the surgical technic]. PMID- 6673635 TI - [Spontaneous bilio-digestive fistulas: clinico-therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 6673636 TI - [Fournier's disease: case contribution]. PMID- 6673637 TI - [Surgical treatment of achalasic megaesophagus with myotomy and the Dor fundoplication. Long-term results]. PMID- 6673638 TI - [Biochemical analysis of pancreatic juice withdrawn by the duodenal sonde technic and by endoscopic catheterization of Vater's papilla]. PMID- 6673639 TI - [Experimental study and clinical applications of an electronic scalpel with modulated power]. PMID- 6673640 TI - [Studies on Plasmodium atheruri]. AB - Plasmodium atheruri, a parasite of the African porcupine Atherurus africanus, is infective to splenectomised laboratory Rats and Mice, to Hamsters and to 2 exotic rodents which are easily bred in captivity: Calomys callosus and Meriones unguiculatus. Sporogony develops in Anopheles stephensi fed on Atherurus and on laboratory rodents; it is similar to that of the Rodent Plasmodia. Exoerythrocytic schizogony usually lasts 4 to 6 days but schizonts have been found in the liver of a porcupine at day 8. Schizogony in the blood (induced by inoculation of infected blood or by injections of sporozoites) follows two stages which are morphologically distinct: a) acute infections developing in clean Atherurus, following splenectomy of infected Atherurus or in laboratory rodents; it is characterized by large trophozoites, schizonts with 8 to 16 merozoites, gametocytes and infectivity to Anopheles. b) chronic infection which only occurs in the blood of Atherurus and follows the acute stage 15 to 21 days after its onset; it is characterized by small trophozoites and schizonts producing 4 merozoites. Thus it is thought that the chronic stage only occurs in the natural host when it is immunized. We think that, in nature, chronic schizogony maintains the parasitaemia through periods of low transmission and is followed by "recrudescences". The mechanisms that trigger the "recrudescences" are unknown but are probably connected with a decrease in the immune status of the host. PMID- 6673641 TI - Leishmaniasis in Tuscany (Italy): VIII. Human population response to leishmanin in the focus of Monte Argentario (Grosseto) and epidemiological evaluation. AB - A skin test survey carried out in the towns of Porto St. Stefano and Porto Ercole showed a total positivity rate of 15.3%. The progressive increase of positivity according to age was not uniform but similar for the two towns since the values concerning the last two age groups did not follow the general trend of the graph but were lower than expected. The possible causes of this phenomenon have been discussed. The absence of overt visceral leishmaniasis cases in recent years and the concomitant high prevalence of canine leishmaniasis have been considered in the light of the occurrence of infectious diseases and the increase of the nutritional levels in the local human population. PMID- 6673642 TI - [Trematodes of the genus Prohemistomum Odhner 1913 and Paracoenogonimus Katsurada 1914 (Strigeata: Cyathocotyloidea)]. AB - The genera Prohemistomum and Paracoenogonimus are defined. A key to their species is proposed. Prohemistomum chandleri Vernberg, 1952 is considered as identical with Neogogatea kentuckiensis (Cable, 1935). Paracoenogonimus stresemanni Odening, 1960 is probably similar to Prohemistomum vivax (Sonsino, 1892). PMID- 6673643 TI - [On the genus Nematodirus Ransom 1907 (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea)]. AB - N. roscidus Railliet, 1911, from Dama dama (Italy); N. abnormalis May, 1920, from Ovis aries, Capra hircus and Rupicapra rupicapra (France, Italy, Australia); N. lanceolatus Ault, 1944, from Ovis aries (Iran); N. europaeus Jansen, 1972, from Capreolus caperolus and Ovis musimon (first record) (France); N. davtiani alpinus Biocca, Balbo & Costantini, 1974, from Rupicapra rupicapra (Italy); N. rupicaprae Biocca, Balbo & Costantini, 1983, from Rupicapra rupicapra (France); N. ibicis Biocca, Balbo & Costantini, 1983, from Capra ibex (Italy). In addition four new species are described: N. Bioccai n. sp. from Ovis aries (Iran), resembles N. lamae Becklund, 1963 from Lama pacos and Vicugna vicugna (Peru), N. ibicis Biocca, Balbo & Costantini, 1983 from Capra ibex (Italy), and N. archari Sokolova, 1948 from Ovis ammon (USSR), in that ray 8 is long and closely adpressed to ray 6 throughout most of its length. The new species differs from the first of the above in the form of the point of the spicules and from the remaining two since the two branches of the dorsal ray are well separated and the dorsal lobe well differentiated from the rest of the bursa. N. chabaudi n. sp. from Rupicapra rupicapra (France) is similar to N. oiratianus Rajewskaja, 1929, from Cervus canadensis asiaticus and Ovis aries (USSR), and N. europaeus Jansen, 1972 from Capreolus capreolus (Holland), in the disposition of its bursal rays. Il is distinguished mainly by the presence of three tubercles on the tail of the female. N. hugonnetae n. sp., from Rupicapra rupicapra (France), resembles N. bioccai n. sp. in the general form of the bursa and in that the spicules are fused at their extremities, but is distinguished by the form of the point of the spicules and by the disposition of the bursal bosses. N. iranicus n. sp. from Ovis aries (Iran), resembles N. hugonnetae n. sp. in the disposition of the bursal rays but is distinguished by having more cuticular ridges and a shorter ray 8. On the basis of morphology, host distribution and host paleogeography, an hypothesis is given on the evolution of the Nematodirus and the Nematodirinae. According to this hypothesis Nematodirus arose in North American Camelidae from an ancestor similar to lamanema (which occurs in neotropical Camelidae), later passed to nearctic Odocoileinae and Caprinae, and was transported secondarily into the palaearctic region with its hosts. Beginning with this genus, the Nematodirinae evolved in holarctic ruminants (Nematodirella), holarctic Leporidae (Nematodiroides and Rauschia) and palaearctic and oriental Ochotonidae (Murielus). PMID- 6673644 TI - [A new filaria, Chabfilaria jonathani n.gen, n.sp., an onchocercid parasite of edentates]. AB - Chabfilaria jonathani n. gen., n. sp. is described from Choloepus didactylus (family Bradypodidae) from French Guyana. This species and C. freitaslenti (Yeh, 1957) n. comb., constitute a genus interesting because of its primitive characters, which could represent a link between the Onchocercinae and the Setariinae. Eleven species of filaria are known from the Xenarthra. They are primitive members of the Onchocercinae, the Dirofilariinae and if our notions on Chabfilaria are correct, the Setariinae; thus, the three major groups which occur in mammals. The neotropical region with its primitive fauna (marsupials, Xenarthra and protoungulates) may be of particular importance in understanding the origins of the filaria of mammals. PMID- 6673645 TI - [Cymothoadian parasitosis of the sea-dace (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus 1758) during breeding. II. Parasitic ecophysiology in the Diana pond (upper Corsica)]. AB - This study deals with the problem of some aspects of the influence of infestation by an hematophagous parasite Nerocila orbignyi (Crustacean, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) on sea-bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax, L. 1758) ecophysiology, reared in the pond Diana (Corsica). We can summarise results as: decrease in body condition, in weight, in levels blood protein, blood lipids and triglycerides; but increase in levels blood urea. We too observe hypochromic macrocytic anemia with increase in eosinophils, neutrophils and a decrease in lymphocytes. When parasitism decrease, we remark improvement of body condition and biometry characteristics; an increase in level blood protein, lipid, cholesterol and a decrease in the level blood urea. We remark erythropoiesis stimulation. PMID- 6673646 TI - [Differentiation of females of the subgenus Larroussius Nitzulescu 1931 (Diptera Phlebotomidae) of the Mediterranean region]. AB - The observation of the distal part of spermathecal ducts shows basal dilatations whose form varies with species. This character can be used for specific identification of females belonging to Mediterranean species of Larroussius. PMID- 6673647 TI - [Annual fluctuations of Phlebotomus populations (Diptera, Phlebotomidae) in the province of Grenada (Spain)]. AB - During a whole year, in order to know the annual evolution of the populations, a sampling of sandflies fauna in Granada (Spain) was carried out. The method of capture used was paper oiled. From the collected species, only S. minuta, P. perniciosus and P. ariasi were present in sufficient numbers to enable a proper observation of evolution. The first of these follows a monophasic course with maximum activity during the warmest months (July, August, September). However, P. perniciosus and P. ariasi show, in general, a diphasic curve with a highest rate at the beginning and end the warm season. PMID- 6673648 TI - [Leishmania major (Yakimoff et Shokkor 1914), the agent of Gafsa boil]. PMID- 6673649 TI - [Reoperations for primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 6673650 TI - [Treatment of congenital hip dislocation in infants under 1 year by traction to the zenith. Technic and evaluation of our first 83 cases]. PMID- 6673651 TI - [Should the lateral peroneus brevis muscle be used for external ligamentoplasties of the ankle?]. PMID- 6673652 TI - [Duplications of the esophagus. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6673653 TI - [Treatment of eviscerations by an absorbable endoprosthesis]. PMID- 6673654 TI - [Shoulder rotator cuff syndrome caused by paralysis of the suprascapular nerve. Pathogenic approach and therapeutic effects]. PMID- 6673655 TI - [Endolymphatic stromal myosis]. PMID- 6673656 TI - [Tiapride in anesthesiology. Study of the tiapride-ketamine combination in general and specialized surgery]. PMID- 6673657 TI - [Absorbable hemostatics. Antibacterial effect of oxidized regenerated cellulose]. PMID- 6673658 TI - Respiratory pathways in Hansenula saturnus. AB - Hansenula saturnus is a petite-negative yeast species which displays a different pattern of respiration depending on the age of the cultures. The respiration is sensitive to antimycin A (AA) in the early exponential phase, is sensitive to the simultaneous addition of AA and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) in the middle exponential phase and is sensitive to SHAM in the late exponential and stationary phase. The three respiratory activities are all associated to the mitochondrial fraction. The presence of AA in the growth medium determines the induction of the AA + SHAM-insensitive respiration which is 50% inhibited by 5 mM azide. On the contrary, the presence of erythromycin in the growth medium, which inhibits mitochondrial protein synthesis in this yeast species and the synthesis of cytochromes aa3 and b, totally prevents the appearance of AA + SHAM-insensitive respiration. Moreover, the antibiotic affects cell viability, suggesting a role of the mitochondrial protein synthesis in the cell cycle of H. saturnus. PMID- 6673659 TI - Self-stimulation of the prefrontal cortex after microinjections of pimozide and GABA into the prefrontal cortex or ventrotegmental area in the rat. PMID- 6673660 TI - [Effect of opiates on the rat vas deferens]. PMID- 6673661 TI - [Dopaminergic receptors of the bladder. Study of bladder pharmacologic behavior]. PMID- 6673662 TI - [Effect of antidepressant drugs on the contraction of the isolated rat ileum induced by CaCl2]. PMID- 6673663 TI - [Effect of various ions on a model of experimental ventricular automatism]. PMID- 6673664 TI - [Comparative analysis of trazodone and imipramine against acetylcholine and electrical stimulation in the isolated guinea pig ileum]. PMID- 6673665 TI - [Screening strategies for rubella in pregnancy]. PMID- 6673666 TI - [Epidemiology of measles in Belgium]. PMID- 6673667 TI - [Epidemiology of poliomyelitis in Belgium]. PMID- 6673668 TI - [Basic procedures in data registers and processing]. AB - This paper describes the general principles that must be used as a frame of reference to identify the appropriate procedures for the management of data collected in large scale studies. It has two parts: 1) Data recording and, 2) data processing. In the first part (data recording), the various steps required for the preparation of forms and/or questionnaires and for the recollection of data are discussed. In the second part (data processing), the steps to achieve real quality control, proper coding and data entry for analysis are described. For the latter case, an outline of continuous general steps is proposed, and some statistical procedures commonly used for testing different hypotheses are identified. The overall process is illustrated through flow charts, emphasizing the fact that the processing and analysis of data, must be a continuous action which requires careful definition in the standard protocol of operations. PMID- 6673669 TI - Corn amino acid imbalance and the role of leucine excess. AB - A study was conducted using two experimental models with weanling rats of the Wistar strain fed isocaloric diets containing 7% protein, Model I: two genetic varieties of maize were used; common corn (CC) or opaque-2-corn (M); and Model II: casein, 7% protein used without nicotinic acid in the diet in order to enhance the tryptophan limiting conditions like in the CC diet of Model I. PER, nitrogen balance, urinary urea and hepatic fat were determined. The results suggest that the imbalance of CC protein is related to lysine and tryptophan limitation, although the leucine excess content also plays an important role. PMID- 6673671 TI - Influence of supplementation on the dental caries incidence and growth of rats fed two model diets. AB - In order to improve the quality of caries-promoting diets MIT 200 and NIH 2000, both diets were supplemented with fat. In addition, the NIH 2000 diet was supplemented with minerals and vitamins. Supplementation with essential nutrients improves the quality of the diets and enhances growth when compared to control animals. Adding minerals and vitamins to diet NIH 2000 abolishes loss of pigmentation of incisors, improves hemoglobin and hematocrit and reduces caries scores in the buccal surfaces by 50% when compared to the non-supplemented diet. It is possible that the cariogenic properties of diet NIH 2000 may be a function in part of a nutrient deficiency. PMID- 6673670 TI - Growth, development and dental caries in rats fed two experimental diets. AB - In order to determine the nutritional adequacy of diets MIT 200 and NIH 2000 on the growth and development of experimental animals, these two diets were fed to two groups of animals during three periods of development: 1) pregnancy; 2) lactation, and 3) post-weaning. These diets were compared with a diet that satisfied the requirements of the National Research Council for growth and maintenance. It was found that for the two experimental diets, growth was compromised due to a caloric deficit in both diets. In addition, NIH 2000 was deficient in other nutrients such as iron. Analysis of other parameters such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, salivary protein, saliva flow and weight of vital organs upon autopsy revealed a picture of iron deficiency in the NIH 2000 group. Caries formation can be precipitated by a mechanism influenced by a nutrient deficit. PMID- 6673673 TI - [Effect of the harvest season on the composition of raw and fermented cotyledons of 2 varieties of cacao and shell fractions]. AB - A study was carried out wherein during the period August 1979 to January 1980, samples of raw and fermented cacao were analyzed monthly. These included two varieties: Arriba, taken from a farm in "Quevedo", and the EET-19, grown in "Pichilingue" by the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP). Taking the ear of cacao as a basis, the weight of its main parts was determined. The proximal composition was established in the cotyledons, with significant statistical differences in regard to moisture, protein, and ether extract content according to the month of harvest. As to the fermentation process, differences in moisture, ether extract and ash content were detected; differences in the ether extract and ash content were found between the two varieties. The fat extracted from the cotyledons presented different iodine, saponification and acidity index values between the raw and fermented samples, but none were determined between the varieties; as far as the month of harvest is concerned, differences in the acidity index were observed. The percentage composition of the main fatty acids is reported (palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids). In order to suggest possible industrial ways of utilizing the cacao shell by-product which is discarded by the shelling machine, the chemical characteristics of five fractions were determined based on the functioning of the shelling machine. The moisture, protein, ether extract, ash, crude fiber, theobromine, and caffeine contents varied among the fractions, and it was dependent on the broken "nibs" content. Differences in the protein, ether extract, and ash content, according to the months of production, were found. Obviously, the high fat content in fractions A (fine dust) and B (fine ground), which varied from 30 to 11 g/100 g, merits its extraction; the remainder meal has a valuable protein and alkaloid content. The chemical characteristics of the fat extracted from the shell of two fractions were similar to the fat extracted from the cotyledons. PMID- 6673672 TI - Influence of dietary iron on the dental caries incidence and growth of rats fed an experimental diet. AB - In view of the fact that supplementation with essential nutrients improves the quality of diet NIH 2000 and enhances growth, this study was carried out to determine the effects of supplementation with a specific nutrient. Diet 2000 was supplemented with 35 ppm of FeSO4 and fed ad libitum for 40 days. Iron supplementation reverses the caries process and reduces its incidence especially in the buccal surfaces which are bathed readily by saliva. In addition, hemoglobin and hematocrit, growth and pigmentation of the incisor teeth improve significantly with supplementation. The results of this experiment suggest that the effect of diet in the caries process involves not only the sucrose component of the diet but also an essential nutrient such as iron. PMID- 6673674 TI - [Chemical composition, amino acid content and nutritive value of the protein of the annatto seed (Bixa orellana, L.)]. AB - On several occasions, many Latin American countries have shown interest in the economic potential of industrializing the exploitation of the pigment in Annatto seed (Bixa orellana, L) used as a natural coloring agent in the food industry. Production of the pigment leaves the seed as a by-product, which once characterized chemically and nutritionally, could contribute to a more profitable exploitation of Annatto seed. The main objective of the present study was to obtain information in regard to this matter. The results of chemical analyses of the seed showed a relatively high amount of protein, which fluctuated between 13 and 17%. Crude fiber levels were also high, about 16%; however, more than 50% of this fiber can be eliminated through sifting of the seed flour. This operation also increases protein content. Annatto seeds have a high phosphorus and a low calcium content. Its protein contains adequate levels of tryptophan and lysine, but is low in methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and threonine. The protein quality of Annatto seed flour was about 65% that of casein, which was used as reference protein. Partly responsible for this low biological value are the amino acid deficiencies, mainly that of methionine, and the low digestibility of the protein. The latter was 57% as compared to 94% for casein, a finding which can be attributed to the crude fiber content of Annatto seed flour, since partial elimination of the fiber resulted in an increase in digestibility up to a value of 65%. In order to utilize more effectively this potential feedstuff in combination with other feeds, further studies should confirm the amino acid deficiencies and digestibility of the Annatto seed protein. PMID- 6673675 TI - Breast milk consumption in rural Costa Rica. AB - Breast milk consumption was measured in 20 breast-feeding infants, aged two days to six months. This was achieved by test-weighing infants before and after every feeding over a 24-hour period. Infant length, weight, number of breast-feedings, and time spent sucking were also measured. The mean consumption among 10 full breast-feeders (no supplementation) was 639 +/- 214 ml/day at a mean age of 42 +/ 36 days, and 396 +/- 249 ml/day at a mean age of 95 +/- 53 days for ten breast feeders receiving supplements (partial breast-feeders). Significant correlations were found between the number of feedings per day and breast milk consumption (ml/day) when examining all twenty infants (r = 0.788, p less than 0.01) and the ten partial breast-feeders (r = 0.903, p less than 0.01), but not the ten full breast-feeders (r = 0.431). Correlations between the time sucking per day (min/day), and breast milk consumption (ml/day), were again significant for all twenty infants (r = 0.576 p less than 0.01) and partial breast-feeders (r = 0.728, p less than 0.02), but not for full breast-feeders (r = 0.357). The weight for-length ratio for full breast-feeders ranged from 94 to 135% of the 50th percentile of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) curves, while for partial breast-feeders it ranged from 103 to 141%. Both groups show adequate growth in this poor, rural area of Costa Rica. PMID- 6673676 TI - Nutritional status of the elderly in Palmares, Costa Rica. AB - The nutritional status of aged persons living in a small Costa Rican community was evaluated using anthropometric measurements, clinical findings and dietary surveys. Eighteen per cent of the aged were overweight, a condition that occurred more frequently in women than in men. In a random sample of subjects, serum albumin values were low in 45%, serum cholesterol values high in 39%, and hemoglobin values low in 3%. The subjects consumed a simple, repetitive diet with few processed foods which met 80% of requirements for protein, calcium, and iron, although calorie and vitamin A values appeared low. The lack of severe nutritional problems of the elderly was attributed to the family structure, good hygiene and protection from debilitating infectious disease, good community health services, and simple balanced diets. PMID- 6673677 TI - [Descriptive study of 43 nutritional education programs in Venezuela]. AB - This study aimed to determine the existing resources and specific characteristics of non-formal nutrition education programs in Venezuela. Of the 174 institutions initially contacted, 43 were involved in these activities-22 official and 21 private institutions. The bulk of the programs fell under the official health sector and the private food industry. While objectives of the former were to motivate and educate the audience, the latter's goal was basically commercial. Forty-three per cent of the program content dealt with basic nutrition concepts; only 19% of programs included information on breast feeding, and maternal and child nutrition. There is a significantly greater use of interpersonal communication (65%) as compared to mass media (35%), irrespective of the type of institution. In the majority of programs, the nutritionist-dietitians and medical doctors carry out their activities, primarily oriented towards homemakers and school-age children. The official health sector gears its programs toward the poor, while the main interest of private industry are the middle and upper class communities. A total of 46% of the official programs and 55% of the private institutions do not include an evaluation component. It is concluded that the nutrition education programs in the country appear to follow traditional concepts as far as objectives, program content, media and target groups are concerned. This could have contributed to the apparent lack of impact of non-formal nutrition education in the country; thus the re-planning of existing programs, is suggested. This should be based on well-defined and measurable objectives: include messages geared toward the practical solution of specific nutrition problems, and the use of combined techniques of social communication with as much participation of the community as possible, not only in program implementation but also in its conception and planning. PMID- 6673678 TI - [Materno-fetal infections in the newborn. A plea for the ampicillin-kanamycin combination]. PMID- 6673679 TI - [Hypothalamic hamartoma and gelastic crises. Apropos of 7 cases]. AB - Seven cases of hypothalamic hamartomas with gelastic seizures are reported. A precocious puberty was found in 4 cases. The normal neurologic examination and lack of sign of intracranial hypertension were in contrast with the severity of the epileptic seizures, of the mental impairment and of the behavioral disorders. The fact that the presenting symptom may be gelastic seizures is stressed. CT scan is the best means to assess the diagnosis and to follow the evolution of these tumors. Except for the management of the precocious puberty, the treatment is disappointing and neurosurgical indications are quite exceptional. PMID- 6673680 TI - [Branchio-oto-renal dysplasia. A hereditary dominant autosomal syndrome with variable expression]. AB - A pedigree of branchio-oto-renal dysplasia (BOR syndrome) is reported. BOR syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder in which affected individuals may have branchial fistulas or cysts, preauricular pits, structural defects of the outer, middle an inner ear with hearing loss, and renal anomalies which may range from mild hypoplasia to complete absence. As shown in our pedigree, all carriers of the gene may not present with all features of the syndrome. In all individuals presenting with preauricular pits and branchial clefts, both otologic and renal investigations should be performed. Genetic counselling of family members is indicated. PMID- 6673682 TI - [Ileo-cecal tuberculosis. A difficult diagnosis]. AB - An ileocaecal tuberculosis suspected in an Algerian girl was confirmed only by operative findings and by the presence of caseum at histological examination. Mycobacterium tuberculosis could not be cultured from the lesions. Diagnostic problems between tuberculous enteritis and Crohn's disease are discussed. PMID- 6673681 TI - [Familial form of total digestive aganglionosis with absence of nerve fibers]. AB - Two familial cases of intestinal aganglionosis with lack of innervation concerning the whole digestive tract from the rectum to the esophagus are reported. The relationships between this histologic picture and that found in classical Hirschsprung's disease are discussed. The lack of obstructive symptom makes the diagnosis difficult; however, it should be suspected in the presence of intraluminal calcifications in the small bowel. The familial incidence of the condition seems to be high. A recessive autosomal transmission is likely. Neurologic signs resembling those in dysautonomia lead to suspect an extensive disorder of the development of the neural crest. PMID- 6673683 TI - [Parathyroid adenoma in children. A new case]. AB - The case reported concerns a 13 year-old girl presenting with a palpable parathyroid adenoma. Impairment of general condition, weight loss and abdominal pain were the presenting symptoms. Surgical excision of the adenoma led to recovery. The main clinical and laboratory signs of tumoral hyperparathyroidism are reviewed, the misleading character of the presenting symptoms being emphasized. PMID- 6673684 TI - [Wolfram syndrome or DIDMOAD syndrome]. AB - The authors report a case of Wolfram's syndrome and discuss the evolution of the symptoms in relation with the data in the literature. The possibility of an association of Wolfram's syndrome with the HLA system is suggested. The use of carbamazepine in the treatment of the diabetes insipidus present in this syndrome is discussed. PMID- 6673685 TI - [Thalassemia major manifested by megaloblastic anemia caused by folate deficiency]. AB - In a 11 month-old child, a deep anemia with reticulocytopenia and megaloblastosis on bone marrow aspiration revealed a thalassemia major. The low folate intake and the increased needs probably account for initial findings. Folic acid deficiency has already been described in patients with dyserythropoiesis or chronic hemolysis. Daily folic acid treatment is necessary in these patients. PMID- 6673686 TI - [Brucella osteitis in children]. AB - The authors report a case presenting with a very rare localization of brucellosis: the isolated involvement of a single bone of the metatarsus, in a child in otherwise excellent general condition. The lesions of the diaphysis and epiphyses induced a fragility of the epiphyseal cartilage and a minimal traumatism resulted in a detachment of the epiphysis which was the first clinical sign. The bacteriological examination of a sample of pus led to the early diagnosis of brucellosis, therefore allowing efficient treatment. PMID- 6673687 TI - [Fetal macrosomia and the study of risk factors in maternal diabetes]. AB - The authors report the results of a study performed in 142 women who gave birth to overgrown neonates. Among them, the incidence of diabetes was high: 7.75%. Older maternal age, maternal obesity and the former birth of large infants were also found to be risk factors for fetal overgrowth. PMID- 6673688 TI - Two types of immature erythrocytic series in the human fetal liver. AB - Cells of erythrocytic series in the human liver obtained from 109 embryos 28 to 49 days after ovulation and 76 fetuses between 8 to 22 weeks of gestation were investigated by light and electron microscopy. Antisera against fetal hemoglobin (Hb-F) were used in the immuno-peroxidase method to identify erythroblasts in the embryonic and fetal liver. Immunoperoxidase staining for Hb-F revealed that most of the hemopoietic cells found in fetal hepatic parenchyma were erythrocytic in nature. The cells of the erythrocyte series consisted of large immature cells which were usually invaginating into the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, and small mature erythroblasts which tended to gather in the subendothelial spaces of the sinusoids. The early hepatic erythroid progenitor cells observed in the intercellular spaces of the hepatocytes until 10 weeks of gestation (the early stage of hepatic hemopoiesis) distinctly differed in ultrastructure from the late hepatic erythroid progenitor cells which appeared after 10 weeks of gestation (the late stage of hepatic hemopoiesis). These findings indicate that the progenitor cells of the erythrocytic series and the hemopoietic stem cells in the early stage of hepatic hemopoiesis are morphologically different from those in the late stage, and that the cells of erythrocytic series in the liver in the early stage differ in the course of maturation from those in the late stage. PMID- 6673689 TI - Four types of presumptive hemopoietic stem cells in the human fetal liver. AB - Presumptive hemopoietic stem cells in the human liver obtained from 109 embryos 28 to 49 days after ovulation and 76 fetuses between 8 and 22 weeks of ovulation were investigated by light and electron microscopy. Presumptive hemopoietic stem cells in the human embryonic liver are concluded to be a series of cells that show a variegated ultrastructure. They are classified into four subtypes (type I, II, III and IV). Presumptive hemopoietic stem cells of type I are thought to differentiate from the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that are derived from the septum transversum. Presumptive stem cells of type I, II and III transitorily appear in the liver during the early stage of hepatic hemopoiesis, and cannot be detected in late stages. With the development of the fetus, presumptive stem cells of the type IV, however, gradually increase in number. The cells of megakaryocytic, granulocytic and erythrocytic lineages originate from the presumptive stem cells of type II in the early stage of hepatic hemopoiesis, whereas the cells of the three lineages originate from the presumptive stem cells of type IV in the late stage. The presumptive hemopoietic stem cells of type IV are surmised as corresponding to the pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) in laboratory animals or pluripotent hemopoietic progenitors in human bone marrow (CFU-mix). PMID- 6673690 TI - Surface structures and osteoclasts of mouse parietal bones: a light and scanning electron microscopic study. AB - The resorption surface caused by osteoclasts are identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), but the morphological interrelation between these resorption surfaces and Howship's lacunae observed by light microscopy remains obscure, and little evidence showing that the distribution and structures of the resorption surface change according to the function of osteoclasts is available. To understand the relationship between the function of osteoclasts and the morphological evidence of bone resorption, surface structures of the parietal bones in mice, newborn to adult, were studied by SEM. The osteoclasts on the inner surface of the calvaria are considered to be involved in the growth of the skull. The outer surface of the parietal bone was smooth, whereas the inner surface consisted of both smooth and rough areas. The rough areas were usually much larger than Howship's lacunae, which are generally thought to be of osteoclast size. These areas were composed of small and shallow concavities with oval or polygonal outlines. The borders between adjacent concavities appeared as ridges. The rough areas were very wide in the growing skull and osteoclasts were scattered on these wide rough areas. The osteoclasts were much larger than the concavities in the rough areas. During the growth of the skull, the proportion of rough areas occupying the inner surface changed parallel to the number of osteoclasts, which varied in correspondence with the growth rate of the skull. The maximum value of the proportion was ab out 60% at 1 week of age. The findings suggest that the osteoclasts resorb the bone by moving along its surface, forming small concavities and leaving rough areas larger than Howship's lacunae of osteoclast size. Furthermore, they suggest that the size and distribution of the rough areas and the morphological features of the concavities in the rough areas vary depending upon the activities of the osteoclasts. PMID- 6673691 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the development of human fetal salivary glands. AB - Parotid and submandibular glands in human fetuses at 16, 18 and 24 weeks of gestation were studied by electron microscopy. The salivary glands of the 16 week fetus were composed of primary ducts and terminal buds. The primary duct was double layered and consisted of inner glycogen-rich ductal cells and outer myoepithelial precursor cells. The terminal bud was a cell cluster which consisted of glycogen-rich ductal precursor cells and myoepithelial precursor cells. In the 18 week fetus, the terminal bud developed into the terminal tubule, and the formation of a lumen was evident. The terminal tubule was composed of ductal cells containing a few secretory granules and immature myoepithelial cells at the basal portion of the tubule. The differentiation of secretory activity was clearly visible in the terminal tubule of the salivary glands in the 24 week fetus. In the parotid gland of the 24 week fetus, one kind of secretory cell was found, but at the same stage, two kinds of secretory cells were distinguishable in the submandibular gland. Some mature myoepithelial cells were distinctly observed in both glands. At this stage, also, immature intercalated ducts and immature striated ducts were present. The relationship between the histogenesis of normal structures and that of tumors is also discussed. PMID- 6673692 TI - Fine structural aspects of the development of Ito cells (vitamin A uptake cells) in chick embryo livers. AB - The development of Ito cells in the chick embryo liver was studied using electron as well as fluorescence microscopes. The collagen fibrils in the Disse's space can already be seen in 6-day-old chick embryos. This space contains fibroblast like cells which should be called primitive Ito cells. They are slender cells characterized by numerous free polyribosomes. The rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and 10 nm microfilaments are also well developed. The fluorescence of vitamin A and lipid droplets begin to appear in the primitive Ito cell at 9 days of incubation in both the control and vitamin A-treated animals. A special topographic relation between the lipid droplets and cell organelles is difficult to recognize. The primitive Ito cell in the Disse's space acquires the ability to produce collagen fibrils earlier than that of taking up and storing vitamin A. The Ito cells containing lipid droplets increase in number with embryonic age, and about 40-50% of perisinusoid cells have droplets of vitamin A at 21 days of incubation. The droplets are usually less than 1 micron in diameter and do not fuse with each other. PMID- 6673693 TI - Transmissible antibiotic resistance in halophilic vibrios. PMID- 6673694 TI - Studies on the role of Shigella-like bacilli in the etiology of the diarrheic disease. PMID- 6673695 TI - Origin and prevalence of Salmonella serotypes in Romania during the years 1971 1980. PMID- 6673696 TI - Surface water Salmonellae: serotypes and antibiotic resistance. PMID- 6673697 TI - Volunteer studies in the development of a live oral typhoid vaccine. PMID- 6673698 TI - Measles maternal antibodies in infants. PMID- 6673699 TI - [Evaluation of the Doppler-pulse volume recorder in Raynaud's phenomenon]. AB - A study was made of 15 patients (10 female and 5 male), between the age of 18 and 65 years, in order to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the combined Doppler P.V.R. (Pulse Volume Recorder) technique when examining Raynaud's phenomenon. The patients in the study had suffered for at least a year from recurrent episodes of Raynaud's phenomenon and were compared with 15 normal non-smokers. The patients were given a Doppler and plethysmograph exam with P.V.R. in basal conditions and following heat stimulus. It can be said that while the Doppler exam supplies data that is compatible with the variations in peripheral resistance encountered in Raynaud's phenomenon, P.V.R., although able to give useful information on the general condition of the segment examined, does not yet provide exact data on account of the difficulty in interpreting the graph obtained. Interpreting P.V.R. data can be facilitated by combining P.V.R. with heat test. PMID- 6673700 TI - [Doppler diagnosis in the localization of incompetent perforating veins]. AB - If persistent or recurring varicosis is to be avoided, it is vital to locate the incontinent perforating veins in patients with venous insufficiency of the lower extremities. This is the case wherever surgery, sclerotherapy or the use of elastic support is required and especially in the absence of the normal signs of diseased deep veins, such as stasis, dermatitis or ulcerations. The inadequacy of clinical examination or certain instrumental techniques in evidencing the largest possible number of incontinent perforating veins is demonstrated. Personal experience of Doppler testing at a Phlebology Clinic is then presented and it is pointed out that the accuracy of this technique depends essentially on the examiner's experience. Correctly performed the technique gives over 90% accuracy in the preoperative diagnosis of incontinent perforating veins. PMID- 6673701 TI - [Usefulness of antibiotic prophylaxis in emergency abdominal surgery]. AB - Two groups of patients submitted to emergency abdominal surgery were examined. The first group was treated with antibiotics before surgery whereas the second group was treated with antibiotics only following surgery. The percentage of local and general complications, the bacteria involved and recovery times were compared for the two groups. It is concluded that presurgical antibiotic cover is necessary to give sure prevention against local and general complications. PMID- 6673702 TI - [Hohmann's operation in the treatment of humeral epitrochleitis]. AB - 7 cases of epicondylitis surgically treated by a Hohmann operation and perforations were checked. These were the only cases of epicondylitis to be operated at the G. Pini Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, over a decade. Careful evaluation of the results showed complete success in all cases. The association of the Hohmann operation and perforations is therefore to be recommended in the rare forms of epicondylitis which do not respond to nonsurgical treatment. PMID- 6673703 TI - [Osteogenesis imperfecta and calcitonin. Considerations on 10 years of clinical experimentation]. AB - Salmon and porcine calcitonin has been used in the drug treatment of Osteogenesis Imperfecta for ten years. The evaluation of its therapeutic efficacy is complex and inaccurate because of difficulty in clinical and pathogenetic classification of the disease and impossibility to standardize and evaluate the patients. Calcitonin therapy showed no capacity to modify the degree of osteoporosis and the incidence of pathological fracture and bone deformities, because it does not affect the underlying biochemical defect. Calcitonin may be useful only in selected patients and in addition to physiotherapeutic, orthopaedic and surgical measures. PMID- 6673704 TI - [Clinical and biological significance of the correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin, blood uric acid and blood triglycerides]. AB - An example of the correlations between sugar, fat and protein metabolisms is presented and discussed. The example is taken from a group of patients subjected to outpatient metabolic tests, among whom a sub-group was found to have a higher glycosylated haemoglobin level due to unusually high levels of uricaemia and triglyceridaemia (P less than 0.001). Alcohol abuse, common to all these patients, may explain the simultaneous increase in uricaemia and triglyceridaemia, while the increase in Hb A1, might be caused dy the hyperinsulinism provoked by the first two. Altogether these alterations may put the patients at serious risk of atherogenesis, especially considering the role of insulin in regulating the fat metabolism of the arterial wall. PMID- 6673705 TI - [Acute experimental hepatic insufficiency in pigs. Validity of a model with biohumoral and electroencephalographic monitoring]. AB - Effectiveness of surgically induced acute hepatic failure in pig and most suitable time to apply artificial support in hepatic coma are evaluated in this work. Five male pigs weighing about 30-35 kg are employed. Latero-lateral porto caval shunt was performed; the vascular disconnection of liver was obtained by ligature of blood vessels. Ligature was also placed on main biliary way after cholecistectomy. Blood samples were obtained (at 0, 1, 2, 6, 12, 18, 24 hours) to essay serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and GOT-GPT levels as index of cholestasis and necrosis. Porto-caval encephalopathy was evaluated by means of serum ammonium levels, aminoacid pattern and E.E.G. Serum aminoacid pattern was carefully determined; its changes were found similar in man during coma. All pigs died 24-36 hours after surgery with liver ischemic and necrosis. Clinical and laboratory data obtained in experimental conditions were found similar to picture of acute hepatic failure in man, confirming validity of our model. PMID- 6673706 TI - [Environment and biology of the population in the determination of blood lead levels]. AB - The survey presented is an attempt to explain the reasons for the higher average lead concentrations in the blood of certain groups living in two mountain valleys than encountered in residents of Turin and other towns in the Province. To this end the influence of several environmental, individual and genetic variables was investigated. PMID- 6673707 TI - [Analysis of maternal-fetal exchange in the study of environmental exposure to lead]. AB - 398 women at various stages of pregnancy and living in two areas subject to different levels of atmospheric pollution were examined. Blood samples were taken from about 200 women and their funiculi at the moment of parturition. The results showed a difference in lead concentrations in the blood and in the ratio of mother and funicular lead concentrations according to the place of residence. Several hypothesis to explain these results are formulated. PMID- 6673708 TI - [Borderline arterial hypertension. Preliminary study of a young Roman population]. AB - Blood pressure levels and related factors such as age, sex, body mass index, socioeconomic level and family were studied in a group of 398 young subjects. A high incidence of subjects with borderline hypertension was confirmed. The results analysed and discussed the conclusion being reached that the form of arterial hypertension may be considered as either the onset or at least a risk factor or stable hypertension. PMID- 6673709 TI - [Hysterosalpingographic study in uterine malformations. Analysis of 345 cases]. PMID- 6673710 TI - [Computerized tomography in the location of hepato-splenic echinococcal cysts. Presentation of 2 cases]. AB - Computerised tomography (CT) was used in a study of liver and spleen hydatids in two patients. CT is of primary importance, even when such cysts occur in unusual sites, i.e. the spleen, because it clinches the diagnosis in all cases where daughter cysts are present. Scintigraphy, angiography, and conventional radiology may be regarded as of secondary importance. Even when CT is not specific due to the absence of daughter cysts, it offers a panorama of the hydatid territory, its boundaries, and the displacement and compression it imposes on neighbouring organs. It immediately defines the liquid content. In addition, the diagnostic values of CT goes beyond that of ultrasonography, which may be impeded by meteorism and surgical sequelae, such as adhesions and scars. PMID- 6673711 TI - [Nosologic position of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Apropos of 2 debatable cases]. AB - Two cases of lymphadenopathy grouped together by a common histologic diagnosis of angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (A.I.L.) have been described. While in the first case there was a recent vaccination with BCG and tests positive for toxoplasmosis, the second case did not reveal any important anamnestic elements. The first case appeared to respond to antiprotozoan therapy while the second underwent lymphomatous degeneration with cerebral involvement. In view of the different clinical developments the existing nosologic position of A.I.L. comes under discussion. The great difficulty with which A.I.L. is demarcated from forms of reactive or neoplastic lymphadenopathy is emphasized by this example. Essential towards this is the study of lymphocyte markers and their in vitro function. PMID- 6673712 TI - [Reiter's syndrome. Considerations on a clinical case]. PMID- 6673713 TI - [The problem of the second tumor. Case study]. AB - All patients admitted to the San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital in 1979 with bronchial carcinomas were examined. The survey showed that 4,07% of the cases had a previous malignant neoplasm, a much higher percentage than encountered in the population as a whole. PMID- 6673714 TI - [Ergotropic efficacy of 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline-1,4-dioxide and 2 methylquinoxaline-1,4-dioxide in growing broilers using hydrocolloid-rich rations as well as broiler fattening feed]. AB - 2,3-dimethyl-quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide and 2-methyl-quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide proved to be ergotropic in the feeding of a hydrocolloid ration as well as of a broiler fattening feed. They are at least equal to Nitrovin. The ergotropic effect of the hydrocolloid ration was higher than that of the conventional ration. For this reason methylated quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides are considered as belonging to the intestinal stabilisers. They increased nutrient and energy retention and decreased feed efficiency by approximately equal to 10%. Residues in the liver, the kidneys and the intestines could only be detected after 10 times the ergotropic amount. PMID- 6673715 TI - [Levels of mass concentrations of ammonia in the air in Zagreb]. PMID- 6673716 TI - Investigation of the content and ratio of cotinine and nicotine-1'-N-oxide in the urine of smokers. PMID- 6673717 TI - [The effect of socioeconomic factors on the incidence of acute respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6673718 TI - Spectrofluorometric determination of mercury (II) in river waters with rhodamine B. PMID- 6673719 TI - [Total residues and methyl mercury in fishes and mussels in the Northern Adriatic]. PMID- 6673720 TI - [Content of ethylenethiourea in commercial formulations based on ethylenebis(dithiocarbamates) under normal storage conditions]. PMID- 6673721 TI - Use of health care services for an infant population in a poor socio-economic status, multi-ethnic municipality in Melbourne. AB - Use of preventive and curative health services for a birth cohort of infants is described and related to morbidity patterns and family characteristics. The maternal and child health service provided continuing contact and effective preventive care for the majority of families. However, a small group of families, predominantly recent immigrants with poorer education and inability to speak English, did not use these services effectively. By contrast, medical care for most families was carried out by a number of different doctors in general practices or hospitals. Continuity of care was lacking, with only 30% of families having continued contact with either one practitioner or group practice, and 15% not using any medical services for their infants. PMID- 6673722 TI - Accidental death in Australian children. AB - In 1980 the Child Accident Prevention Foundation of Australia commissioned a national study of children's accidents. The results indicate that accidents are becoming relatively more important as a cause of death in childhood. Variations in accident death rates between the age groups, the sexes and the States indicate broad target groups for preventive activity and further research. In particular attention should be focused on deaths from transport accidents and drowning. PMID- 6673723 TI - Socio-economic status and childhood injuries. AB - The hypothesis that there was an inverse linear relationship between childhood injuries and socio-economic status was tested. Four measures of socio-economic status were related to childhood injury records covering the first seven years of life. The results failed to show any significant relationship between history of injury and four measures of socio-economic status. PMID- 6673724 TI - Comparison of salbutamol powder with terbutaline aerosol administered with a tube spacer in asthmatic children. AB - The bronchodilator effect of 400 micrograms of salbutamol powder (2 capsules) administered by a rota-haler was compared with that of 500 micrograms of terbutaline (2 metered doses) administered as an aerosol via a tube-spacer in a group of ten stable asthmatic children (mean age 12 years). The salbutamol powder produced significantly greater bronchodilatation compared with the terbutaline. Forty-five minutes after the administration of each preparation, nebulised salbutamol was given to determine if further bronchodilatation was possible. Additional bronchodilatation was seen in both groups, the greater additional change being after terbutaline. It is concluded that 400 micrograms of salbutamol powder was more effective than 500 micrograms of terbutaline via tube-spacer but following both preparations, nebulised salbutamol produced significant additional bronchodilatation. PMID- 6673725 TI - The prevalence of obesity in singapore primary school children. AB - The purpose of this study is to survey the prevalence of obesity in Singapore primary school children from 1976 to 1980. The number of children screened comprised of 221,988 in primary I and 218,104 in primary VI. The male to female ratio was 1.04:1. Obesity is defined as body weight above 120% of Harvard standard weight for height. The overall prevalence rate was 3.51% with a significantly higher rate in boys (3.95%) than in girls (3.06%), p less than 0.0001. This sex difference prevailed in both the primary I and primary VI group. Furthermore, primary VI students had a higher prevalence rate (4.29%) compared to the primary I students (2.75%) p less than 0.0001. The prevalence rates were rising over the years with a rate of 5.33% in 1980 compared to that in 1976 (1.80%). Our observations suggest that the problem of obesity is an increasing one. The tendency to become obese increases with age and boys are more prone to obesity. PMID- 6673726 TI - The obesity hypoventilation syndrome and the Prader-Willi syndrome. AB - Fourteen children with the Prader-Willi syndrome have been managed at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children between the years 1964-1980--twelve male, two female. Six male children developed features of the obesity hypoventilation syndrome. The age of onset of this complication ranged from 4.0 to 12.6 years. With one exception those children with the obesity hypoventilation syndrome were more obese than those without it. At the time of onset of the syndrome, five of six patients had weights greater than or equal to 6.5 standard deviations above ideal body weight. Those children without the obesity hypoventilation syndrome had a range of standard deviations 1.0 to 4.2 above the ideal body weight. In four of six cases weight reduction and a cardiac failure regimen resulted in reversal of the obesity hypoventilation syndrome. With two of the six children there had been cardiomegaly and increased pulmonary venous vascularity on x-ray at a chronological age of three months. Two of the six children died. PMID- 6673727 TI - Bleeding ears: case report of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. AB - A two and a half year old child presented with "bleeding" ears which proved to be factitious in origin. A previous episode of haematuria, haematemesis and melaena at age 9 months was probably also factitious. A brief discussion of Munchausen syndrome by proxy is presented. PMID- 6673729 TI - International satellite symposium: Perinatal physiology and behavior. Melbourne, Australia, August 22-26, 1983. In associatin with the XXIXth Congress of the International Union of Physiological Sciences. PMID- 6673728 TI - Toxic adenoma in childhood--case report. AB - A 12-year-old girl was noted to have a left sided thyroid nodule on routine examination. Although clinically euthyroid she was found to have an elevated T3 value, and the TSH failed to rise following TRH injection. Thyroid scan showed a hyperfunctioning nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid gland. Following surgical removal of the nodule the patient became biochemically euthyroid and a repeat thyroid scan demonstrated the previously suppressed normal right lobe. PMID- 6673730 TI - Integration of community paediatric services. PMID- 6673731 TI - New poly-nylon bags - technological and chemical-physical characteristics. Part I. PMID- 6673732 TI - [Rationalization in the problem of drug analysis: HPLC procedures for the contemporaneous determination of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, their esters, beta carotene and other carotenoids]. PMID- 6673734 TI - An orienting diagnostic system in neonatal and infantile neurology. AB - A fast orienting diagnostic system was derived from a computerized diagnostic system in order to provide paediatricians and practitioners with a guide how to act in order to detect or exclude symptoms of pre- and perinatal brain damage endangering the normal development of the CNS. Other diseases of the nervous system are also included in the diagnostic system. The system is based on the neurological investigation and follow up of 2000 infants with suspicion of ante and perinatal CNS damage. PMID- 6673733 TI - An improved colorimetric method for plasma nicotinic acid determination. PMID- 6673735 TI - Changes in cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic children during a camping holiday. AB - Diabetic children in a holiday camp were divided into two groups according to physical activity. In the active group a significant elevation of HDL-cholesterol and a highly significant decrease in total/HDL-cholesterol ratio were observed. In the inactive group similar but non-significant changes occurred. No appreciable changes were observed in the serum albumin level but the fasting FFA level decreased in both groups, more markedly in the active group. Therefore, the FFA/albumin quotient and also body fat percent decreased considerably in the active group while in the inactive group there were no significant changes. PMID- 6673736 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors in circulating lymphocytes of premature infants and newborns. AB - The number and affinity of glucocorticoid receptors in lymphocytes of newborns and prematures were determined by a whole cell 3H-dexamethasone binding assay. Mean receptor numbers were, 1758 +/- 245/cell in cord blood, 2758 +/- 307/cell in mature newborns and 2025 +/- 485/cell in prematures. Three of the premature babies died with hyaline membrane disease (HMD). They had not been treated prenatally with dexamethasone and no specific binding was measurable in their lymphocytes, suggesting that the lack of receptors might be one of the causes of HMD. PMID- 6673737 TI - Relationship between placental perfusion and endocrine parameters of pregnants in cases of intrauterine growth retardation. AB - The placental perfusion index (PPI) measured I-27 days before delivery was compared with maternal urinary and serum oestriol (OT) and serum human chorial somatomammotropine (HCS) levels in the mothers of 24 newborns born with intrauterine growth retardation. No significant correlation between placental perfusion and the above endocrine parameters was found. Placental perfusion was not reduced in every case of intrauterine growth retardation. Mathematical analysis has shown that hit accuracy can be increased by the use of more endocrine parameters in pathological pregnancy. PMID- 6673738 TI - Cerebrovascular occlusion in childhood. AB - Among 2493 patients undergoing cerebral angiography 43 children were found to have cerebrovascular occlusion. The diagnosis, aetiology, management and care of the condition is outlined. It is stressed that angiography is indispensable in diagnosis. PMID- 6673739 TI - Non-invasive examination of pulmonary stenosis by transcutaneous Doppler technique. AB - Analysis of the transcutaneous Doppler velocity blood flow curve was performed in a 12 year old girl with pulmonary stenosis. The blood flow indices of the pulmonary artery were compared with those obtained in a control group. PMID- 6673740 TI - Synthesis of a brain-specific protein (S100 protein) in a lectin-resistant mutant of a rat glial cell line (C6). AB - The synthesis of S100 protein increases toward the end of the exponential phase of growth of clonal rat glial cells C6 in monolayer culture. Moreover the synthesis of this protein can be increased by treatment of C6 cells with the lectin succinylated concanavalin A (succinyl ConA). In order to study the relationship between these two inductions of S100 protein we have isolated a cell line resistant to ConA from a population of C6 cells. The resistant cells (C6 ConAR) have less succinyl ConA receptors than C6 cells. In contrast to C6 cells, the synthesis of S100 protein does not increase in C6-ConAR cells after treatment with succinyl ConA. However in both cell types the synthesis of S100 protein increases toward the end of the exponential phase of growth. These results suggest firstly that the induction of S100 protein in C6 cells by succinyl ConA is mediated by an interaction of the lectin with its membrane receptors and secondly that the initial steps in the induction of S100 protein by the lectin are different from the initial steps in the induction of this protein which occurs toward the end of the exponential phase of growth in monolayer culture. PMID- 6673741 TI - Subunit structure of a potent platelet-activating glycoprotein isolated from the venom of Crotalus durissus cascavella. AB - The potent platelet-activating factor isolated from the venom of Crotalus durissus cascavella is an acid-soluble multisubunit glycoprotein of Mr 72,000 built up of two types of subunits, alpha and beta, linked by disulphide bonds. The mean apparent Mr of the reduced complex was around 12,000 by gel filtration under denaturating conditions. The Mrs of the alpha and beta subunits, with an apparent ratio of 1/1, were 12,600 and 13,580 by SDS-PAGE respectively. The Mr 72,000 glycoprotein is thought to be an alpha 3 beta 3 complex. The urea dissociated glycoprotein (Mr 72,000) retained its platelet-stimulating activity. It is concluded that the Mr 300,000 form isolated at acidic pH under native conditions, and showing a rosette - like, ring-shaped structure in the electron microscope as well as the Mr 144,000 form isolated at physiological pH under native conditions and active on platelets were the tetrameric and dimeric states of the molecule respectively. PMID- 6673742 TI - Properties and function of malate enzyme from Pseudomonas putida. AB - Malate enzyme (L-malate: NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxalacetate-decarboxylating, EC 1.1.1.40)) has been purified from Pseudomonas putida to 99 per cent homogeneity by heat, ammonium suphate fractionation, gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. Sodium dodecylsulphate-(SDS)-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis analysis showed an approximate tetrameric subunit with a molecular weight of 52,000. The purified enzyme showed a pH optimum between 8.0 and 8.5 (for Tris-HCl buffer) and required bivalent cations for catalysis; monovalent ions like K+ and NH4+ acted as very effective activators. The temperature-activity relationship for the malate enzyme from 35-80 degrees C showed broken Arrhenius plots with an inflexion at 65 degrees C. The enzyme halflife was 30s at 85 degrees C. The enzyme showed hyperbolic kinetics for both substrates with apparent Km values of 4.0 X 10(-4) M and 2.3 X 10(-5) M for L malate and NADP+ respectively. From the study of the effects of some compounds on the enzyme, the physiological significance of those produced by fumarate, succinate and oxalacetate can be emphasized. PMID- 6673743 TI - Potential phasic and tonic muscles express a common set of fast and slow myosin light chains and fast tropomyosin during early development of chick embryo. AB - We investigated the expression of myosin light chains and tropomyosin subunits during chick embryonic development of the anterior (ALD) and posterior (PLD) parts of the latissimus dorsi muscles. As early as day 8 in ovo, both muscles accumulate a common set of myosin light chains (LC) in similar ratios (LC1F: 55 per cent; LC2S: 25 per cent; LC2F: 12 per cent; LC1S: 8 per cent) and a common set of tropomyosin (TM) subunits (beta 2, beta 1, alpha 2F). Later during development, the slow components of the LC regularly disappear in the PLD and the fast components of the LC and the alpha 2FTM disappear in the ALD, so that the adult pattern is almost established at the time of hatching. Thus, early in development, the two muscles accumulate a common set of fast and slow myosin light chains and fast tropomyosin and some isoforms are repressed at a later stage during development. These data might suggest that during development, the regulatory mechanisms of muscle specific isoform expression differ from one contractile protein to another. PMID- 6673744 TI - [Estradiol stimulation of ribosomal synthesis in adenohypophysis cells]. AB - A single dose of 10 micrograms oestradiol injected to a male rat stimulates in the anterior pituitary the synthesis of ribosomal RNA and of the associated proteins. This stimulation is shown using in vitro double-labeling of RNA with adenine or guanine and of proteins with valine. The analysis of polysomes reveals the incorporation of the neo-synthesized molecules into the 40 S and 60 S subunits. Therefore, the stimulation of ribosomal RNA and protein biosynthesis by oestradiol is a coordinated process. No change in the whole polysome distribution is observed in these conditions though such a modification may occur in a specific cell population without being detected by using sucrose gradient analysis. PMID- 6673745 TI - High phosphate requirement for oxidative phosphorylation and low affinity for phosphate transport in newborn rat liver mitochondria. AB - Rat liver mitochondria are not fully functional at birth. The relationship between this deficiency and the affinity for phosphate, in oxidative phosphorylation or in phosphate transport, have been studied. The phosphate concentration necessary to observe maximal rate of succinate oxidation in the presence of ADP was higher for newborn than for adult rat liver mitochondria. After preincubation of newborn rat liver mitochondria with ATP, the rate of succinate oxidation in the presence of ADP increased with phosphate concentration similarly for newborn and adult rat liver mitochondria. The maximal rate of phosphate-acetate exchange, which is an indirect measure of the rate of phosphate transport across the mitochondrial membrane, was not significantly different for adult and newborn rat liver mitochondria. On the contrary the apparent affinity for phosphate was about ten-fold lower for newborn than for adult mitochondria. PMID- 6673746 TI - Recent progress in the theoretical treatment of protein folding. PMID- 6673747 TI - Peptides, polypeptides, and proteins: interactions and their biological implications. Proceedings of an international symposium, Padova, Italy, 20-26 June 1982. PMID- 6673748 TI - The unfolding mechanism of thermolysin. PMID- 6673749 TI - Folding of protein fragments: conformational and biological studies on thioredoxin and its fragments. PMID- 6673750 TI - Conformation and folding in histones H1 and H5. PMID- 6673751 TI - Conformational and functional properties of hemoglobin in water-organic cosolvent mixtures: effect of ethylene glycol and glycerol on oxygen affinity. PMID- 6673752 TI - Sequential individual resonance assignments in the 1H-nmr spectra of polypeptides and proteins. PMID- 6673753 TI - Nmr analysis of structure and function of snake neurotoxins. PMID- 6673754 TI - Theory of protein secondary structure and algorithm of its prediction. PMID- 6673755 TI - The optical activity of polypeptides. PMID- 6673756 TI - Vibrational analysis of conformation in peptides, polypeptides, and proteins. PMID- 6673757 TI - The key role of residue 5 in angiotensin II. PMID- 6673758 TI - Sequential hydration of a dry globular protein. PMID- 6673759 TI - Functional significance of flexibility in proteins. PMID- 6673760 TI - Conformational flexibility in a small globular hormone: x-ray analysis of avian pancreatic polypeptide at 0.98-A resolution. PMID- 6673761 TI - Refinement of the structure of bovine seminal ribonuclease. PMID- 6673762 TI - Interactions between poly(Gly-Pro-Pro) triple helices: a model for molecular packing in collagen. PMID- 6673763 TI - X-ray diffraction study of the interaction of the amino terminal half-molecule of histone H4 with duplex DNA. PMID- 6673764 TI - Neurophysin-neuropeptide hormone complexes: biosynthetic origin and noncovalent interactions. PMID- 6673765 TI - Topological aspects of the conformational transformations in polypeptides and proteins. PMID- 6673766 TI - Structural aspects of the interaction of bee venom peptide melittin with phospholipids. PMID- 6673767 TI - From synthetic antigens to synthetic vaccines. PMID- 6673768 TI - Field desorption mass spectra of dermorphin and some related peptides. PMID- 6673769 TI - An empirical approach to protein conformation stability and flexibility. PMID- 6673770 TI - Exploitation and exploration of ceruletide and eledoisin, two peptides of nonmammalian origin. PMID- 6673771 TI - Conformational and dynamic considerations in the design of peptide hormone analogs. PMID- 6673772 TI - New challenges facing the peptide and polypeptide chemist. PMID- 6673773 TI - Strategy for trapping intermediates in the folding of ribonuclease and for using 1H-nmr to determine their structures. PMID- 6673774 TI - Domain characteristics of the carboxyl-terminal fragment 206-316 of thermolysin. PMID- 6673775 TI - Equilibrium folding-unfolding pathways of model proteins: effect of myoglobin heme contacts. PMID- 6673776 TI - Conformational properties of microtubule protein: their relation to the self assembly process in vitro. PMID- 6673777 TI - Multiphasic conformation transition of globular proteins under denaturating perturbation. PMID- 6673778 TI - Factors controlling the size of proteinoid microspheres. AB - Proteinoid microspheres were prepared from aqueous solutions containing various metal halides under different pH values and ionic strengths. The effects of pH and ionic strength on the diameter of the microspheres and also the solubility of the proteinoid in hot solution (100 degrees C) were investigated by means of different physiochemical measurements. It is found that, under high ionic strength, the diameter of the microsphere is mainly affected by the salt concentration, while the pH of the system is the main factor when the ionic strength is low. Moreover, the change in the solubility with ionic strength and pH is found to show a striking resemblance to that in the diameter with both factors. On the basis of these results, the external and internal factors controlling the size of proteinoid microspheres are clarified, and a plausible mechanism of the proteinoid microsphere formation under prebiotic conditions is also discussed. PMID- 6673779 TI - Eucaryote/procaryote ratio as an indicator of stability for closed ecological systems. AB - The eukaryote/prokaryote ratio permits immediate and direct estimation of ecological stability in closed microbial ecosystems as well as in natural systems. Previous research demonstrated partial pressure of oxygen can be used as a long term indicator of stability (Kearns and Folsome , 1981). The eukaryote/prokaryote ratio correlates with oxygen measurements and is another useful determinant in the studies of closed ecological systems. In the future this ratio may find widespread application since it is based on reliable internal properties of the system. PMID- 6673780 TI - Cellular growth and size in a filamentous organism: mathematical analysis and modeling. AB - In Bryales protonema , elongation rate plays an essential role in the determination of cell size. It regulates the intermitotic increase of apical cells and could act on nucleus movements. In constant growth conditions, the duration of the mitotic cycle of the apical cell is strongly correlated to the growth rate. However, the relationship between elongation rate and the rhythm of cellular division is not linear. In the apical cell, the distance of the nucleus from the apex is also correlated to the growth activity. This could determine the position of the daughter apical nucleus after mitosis. PMID- 6673782 TI - Evidence for a reaction-diffusion system as a mechanism controlling mammalian hair growth. AB - A scheme is outlined for the differentiation of epithelial cells in hair follicle bulbs which requires several spatial pattern properties characteristics of a reaction-diffusion system. Spatial patterns in the reacting and diffusing substances, called morphogens , develop spontaneously depending on the size and shape of the follicle bulb. The patterns correctly predict the cross-sectional shape of several classes of fibres known as awls , auchenes and zigzags found in mice. The spatial patterns also determine the distribution of ortho- and para cortical cells within the fibre cross-section. In order to explain the observed variation in the morphology of zigzag fibres it is necessary to use the capacity of a reaction-diffusion system to produce spatial patterns with a preferred orientation. Moving the dermal papilla of the hair follicle bulb off-centre causes a homogeneous pattern of morphogens to become unstable and a bilateral pattern to develop with a preferred orientation. This phenomenon forms the basis of a control mechanism for the formation of zigzag fibres. PMID- 6673781 TI - Optimal control mode of a biochemical feedback system. AB - An optimal feedback system for constant-value control of biochemical reaction system was investigated by computer simulations. A feedback system containing a cyclic enzyme system where two enzyme types share a substrate in a cyclic manner, was found to be the most reliable one. This feedback system has a capability to keep the stationary value of the end product at a desired level against not only exogenous substrate supply but also endogenous parametric disturbances. The cyclic enzyme system installed as a control element of this feedback system played the role of comparator in this feedback system. The control mode of this feedback system was in good agreement with that of a system established by means of optimization technique based on the maximum principle. Also bang - bang control could be performed in this biochemical feedback system as well as in electrical one. PMID- 6673783 TI - Capacitance in ant cuticle is frequency dependent: a statistical model. AB - The capacitance and the electric resistance of the cuticle of the ant Cataglyphis bicolor nigra Andr e (Hymenoptera, Formicinae ) were measured. The measurements were done at the frequencies 100 Hz and 1000 Hz and at a temperature range of 27.5-45 degrees C. Inverse correlation was observed between the capacitance and the frequency, so that at the higher frequency the capacitance was lower. Thus, in some instances, at 1000 Hz the capacitance ranged between 0.49 and 2. 16nF , while at 100 Hz it ranged between 5.74 and 19. 39nF at the measured temperature range. A similar inverse correlation was detected also between the resistance and the frequency. At 1000 Hz, the resistance values in some specimens ranged between 0.166 and 0.278 M omega whereas at 100 Hz they varied between 0.342 and 0.883 M omega. At both frequencies measured there was a temperature-dependence of the capacitance and of the electric resistance. With increase in temperature there was increase in the capacitance and a decrease in the resistance. Invariably, the trend of cuticular behavior was similar under cooling as under warming, but the values differed, creating a gap (hysteresis). Under cooling the resistance values were higher and the reverse was true for the capacitance. A statistical model is offered which graphically describes the behavior of the ant cuticle (resistance and capacitance) under changes in temperature and frequency. X-ray analysis of the cuticle revealed the presence of Ca as the most prominent element. Additional elements, but less prominent were P, S and K. It also contains Fe and Zn. The finding of a correlation between the capacitance and the frequency might lead to the following conclusions: that the measured system contains polarized substances; that the measured value in each case represents a resultant of values obtained from the measurement of more than one electrical circle (and probably more than one network of electrical circles); and that possibly a combination of (a) and (b) prevails. Presumably these changes in the capacitance and resistance at different temperatures and frequencies indicate that the ant cuticle is capable of responding to changes in the physical ambience , thus promoting proper ant spatial orientation and the pursuant behavior. PMID- 6673784 TI - Cell adhesiveness and the cell cycle: correlation in synchronized Balb/c 3T3 cells. AB - The adhesiveness of Balb/c 3T3 cells partially synchronized either by drug treatment or by the mitotic cell shake-off procedure was assessed by following the aggregation kinetics of aliquots of the cells suspended under defined conditions within the confines of a cone and plate viscometer. M phase cells synchronized by either method were significantly more adherent than appropriate control cells. Cells arrested in S phase following drug treatment were found to be poorly adhesive whereas G1 phase cells prepared by allowing drug treated M phase cells to proceed through mitosis or by treating them with L-histidinol did not differ in their adhesiveness from appropriate control cells. The adhesiveness of control cell populations was found to vary with the extent of re-feeding indicating a possible metabolic dependency of cell adhesion. It is suggested that although M phase cells are poorly adherent to the substrate they are nevertheless considerably adherent in an aggregation system. There was no apparent correlation of the observed increase in intercellular adhesion with any particular stage of M phase (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase). We propose that Balb/c 3T3 cells show an increase in cell-cell adhesiveness as they proceed into M phase and that this is maintained until after division is complete. Our suggestion that certain cell types may interact differently with each other and with the substrate in different stages of the cell cycle could have in vivo relevance in those processes such as tumour spread where considerable cell division is involved. PMID- 6673785 TI - [Colloquium of French and Belgian electron microscopy societies. 16-19 May 1983. Abstracts]. PMID- 6673786 TI - Density-dependent inhibition of growth: fractionation of inhibitory diffusible factor(s) released by dense cultures of 3T3 cells. AB - Different data have suggested that the density-dependent inhibition of growth in normal 3T3 cells is due to the release of inhibitory factor(s) into the medium. The present results provide more evidence supporting this hypothesis. From conditioned medium of dense cultures of 3T3 cells, we fractionated a thermolabile inhibitory diffusible factor (I.D.F.) with a molecular weight of about 40.000 This factor decreased the [11C]-inosine incorporation into purine nucleotides and into nucleic acids of stimulated 3T3 cells. DNA synthesis, determined by [11C] thymidine incorporation into nucleic acids, and protein synthesis (determined by the protein content of the cultures maintained in the presence or absence of I.D.F.), were also decreased. The possibility that I.D.F. is involved in density dependent inhibition of growth is discussed. PMID- 6673787 TI - Changes in nuclear ribonucleoprotein constituents and chromatin disposition during neuronal differentiation and maturation. AB - Morphological and quantitative changes of ribonucleoproteic (RNP) structures and chromatin are studied in the nuclei of undifferentiated cells, neuroblasts and neurons in several degrees of maturation, in order to relate them to the drastic modifications in transcription and/or RNA processing taking place during cell differentiation. Undifferentiated (matrix) cells of 2-day embryos differ from that of 4-day embryos in their nucleolar volume and in the amount of compact chromatin. These differences are interpreted as the earliest signs of neuroblast differentiation. All over the process of matrix cell-bipolar-multipolar neuroblast differentiation there is a large spreading of compact chromatin well before any important change in RNP structures or in nuclear volume. The most remarkable increase in nuclear volume and in the amount of RNP particles occurs during the differentiation of multipolar neuroblasts to immature neurons, which is characterized by large synaptogenic activity. The interpretation of these changes is discussed in connection, on one hand with the metabolic effects of synapses, and on the other hand with the variations of gene expression taking place in cell differentiation and under other natural and experimental situations. PMID- 6673788 TI - Effects of actinomycin D and cycloheximide on the nucleolar ultrastructure of porcine oocytes. AB - In early antral follicles 0.5 mm in diameter, pig oocytes were intensively engaged in rRNA synthesis. Actinomycin D caused degranulation of their nucleoli which became entirely compact; the fibrillar centers that remained adjacent to the nucleolar surface also increased in size. In contrast, oocytes from preantral follicles treated under the same conditions failed to complete nucleolar compaction and were engaged in a special process of vacuolation. The rate of [3H] uridine incorporation, evaluated by light-optical autoradiography, indicated that, even at high concentrations, cycloheximide impaired nucleolar transcriptional activity of the oocytes without suppressing it. The nucleoli of such treated oocytes were either unchanged or incompletely transformed, fibrillo granular regions remaining adjacent to large compact areas. This study provides evidence that the process of nucleolar compaction in pig oocytes depends directly on the inhibition of rRNA synthesis. This process, which only occurs in oocytes from antral follicles, might represent an important step in the acquisition of oocyte capacity to initiate meiotic maturation. PMID- 6673789 TI - The ependymal secretion of the fetal and adult rat subcommissural organ. morphological aspects linked to the synthesis, storage and release of the secretory products. AB - Different localizations of secretory material are noted in adult and fetal subcommissural organ (SCO) in light microscopy. At the electron microscope level, the secretory ependymocytes reveal frequent associations among mitochondria and ribosomes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the SCO ependymocytes of the adult rat, the relationship between mitochondria and ribosomes of the ER is observed in the subgolgian zone, the ER cisternal profiles are smooth except where they face the mitochondria. Here, a constant interval of 40-45 nm separates the ribosome-coated ER membrane from the external membrane of the mitochondria. This association evidences a functional cooperation between mitochondria and ER, at least in some phases of the synthesis of the organ's gliosecretory material. By contrast, in the fetus (17-21 fetal day), the synthetic apparatus displays an entirely granular ER. The secretory products are stored as flocculent material which fills the ER cisternae. In the apical zone of the ependymocytes, as the membrane of the dense secretory granules fuses with the apical plasmalemma, the granules release their contents into the ventricular cavity. A possible link between the releasing process and the coated vesicles is discussed. PMID- 6673790 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the pars intermedia of the goldfish kept in calcium free environments. AB - The PAS-positive-calcium-sensitive (Ca-s) cells of the pars intermedia (PI) were studied in goldfish kept in fresh water (FW), deionized water (DW), 1/3 sea water (SW) and 1/3 Ca-free SW. Ultrastructural studies show that Ca-s cells of control goldfish kept in FW have a low activity with elongated or deeply indented nuclei. This activity is slightly reduced after 19 days in 1/3 SW. A considerable stimulation of most Ca-s cells is noted in goldfish kept in DW for 20 or 40 days. The stimulation is similar in 1/3 Ca-free SW, but it affects sometimes a smaller percentage of cells and may be less marked in peripheral areas of the PI. Exocytotic figures are more numerous in Ca-s cells of goldfish in 1/3 Ca-free SW than in DW. A basal lamina is rarely present and direct contacts between PI cells and nervous tissue are frequent, although a single synaptic contact with a type B fiber was observed. MSH cells are not affected in goldfish kept in DW. They are stimulated in 1/3 Ca-free SW: the physiological significance of this response remains unclear. Few agranular (Agr) cells are scattered in the PI. Evident changes are not observed in the different environments. The present ultrastructural data support the hypothesis that the Ca-s cells of the PI secrete a factor involved in calcium regulation in some teleosts. PMID- 6673791 TI - Human spermatozoa with large heads and multiple flagella: a quantitative ultrastructural study of 6 cases. AB - Macrocephalic spermatozoa of six men were studied. In all cases, sperm concentration, proportion of live spermatozoa and sperm motility were very low. A range of ultrastructural abnormalities was found, essentially comprising a threefold increase in nuclear volume and acrosomal hyperdevelopment and malformation. There were on average 3.6 flagella for each sperm head found in the semen, some tails were separate from heads. The various defects appeared with great constancy in all of the six cases: this homogeneity indicated the existence of a defined semen profile whose most significant expression was sterility. In four of the cases large incidences of different flagellar abnormalities were also noted; whether these flagellar abnormalities are intrinsic to the above profile is not clear. Although the increase in nuclear volume suggests a disturbance in meiosis, its association with defective nuclear elongation would also indicate the existence of one or more anomalies of spermiogenesis. These results were discussed in relation to abnormalities already reported in other species either spontaneously in cases of mutations, or by experimental inhibition of microtubular structures. PMID- 6673792 TI - Isolation and characterisation of a transcribing polynucleosomal chromatin fraction. AB - A method is described for preparation of a fraction of chromatin enriched in transcribing regions from nuclei of mouse GR cells. This fraction, released by mild staphylococcal nuclease digestion of isolated nuclei, contains 2 to 10% of the DNA as polynucleosomal chromatin together with 50-70% of pulse-labelled RNA and about 90% of all template-engaged RNA polymerase B molecules, titrated with (3H)-alpha-amanitin. Hybridisation of DNA from this chromatin fraction to total nuclear RNA in excess shows that it is enriched in frequently-transcribed DNA sequences. A modification of the Miller technique, allowing the spreading of the active chromatin fraction for electron microscopy, has been developed. Examination of the spreads reveals that this chromatin fraction contains 20-100 nucleosome-long polynucleosomal chains bearing lateral RNP fibrils interpreted as nascent transcripts. The average length of the DNA fragments in the fraction is greater than that of average transcribed regions, suggesting that the transcribed regions are linked to flanking segments whose chromatin conformation probably contributes to the selective release of transcribing chromatin. PMID- 6673793 TI - Two sites of intracellular localization of rhodaminyl-phalloidin in hepatocytes. AB - The uptake of a fluorescent phallotoxin (tetramethylrhodaminyl-phalloidin) into rat hepatocytes has been studied. The experiments were performed in vitro, using freshly isolated hepatocyte suspensions or monolayers of hepatocytes cultured for up to 5 days, as well as in vivo, by investigating cryostat sections of a liver from an animal injected with the labelled toxin. In vitro, in freshly isolated hepatocytes, a staining of actin was observed. On the contrary, if the hepatocytes were cultured, only fluorescent endocytotic vesicles were found accumulated around the nucleus, and remaining in the cells unchanged for several days. In vivo, both fluorescent patterns were observed, often in one and the same cell. The endocytotic vesicles of rhodaminylphalloidin looked very similar to those obtained with fluoresceinyl-concanavalin A. navalin A. We conclude that in all systems the fluorescent phallotoxin enters the hepatocytes by endocytosis. However, in the freshly isolated cells the endocytotic vesicles apparently undergo some kind of processing with release of the toxin and subsequent staining of cellular actin, while in cultured hepatocytes the endocytotic vesicles persist unprocessed. PMID- 6673794 TI - Recovery of acetylcholinesterase and of its multiple molecular forms in motor end plate-free and motor end-plate-rich regions of mouse striated muscle, after irreversible inactivation by an organophosphorus compound (methyl phosphorothiolate derivative). AB - Most of mouse diaphragm muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is irreversibly inhibited after a single intraperitoneal injection of a methyl-phosphorothiolate derivative (MPT), an organophosphorus compound which phosphorylates the active site. The muscle recovers its AChE (de novo synthesis) and we studied the time course of reappearance of AChE and its multiple active molecular forms. After inhibition, there is an initial (3 to 15 hr) rapid recovery of total AChE (which evolves from 20-28% to 50-60% of the control values), followed by a slow phase of AChE return. After 3 days, the recovery is still incomplete (reaching 70-80% of control values). Among the main molecular forms present in diaphragm muscle (16 S, 10 S and 4 S, accompanied by minor components), the 16 S and 10 S forms are the most sensitive to MPT treatment. During the rapid initial phase of AChE recovery, the absolute rate of recovery of the 4 S form is faster than for the other forms with a correspondingly much higher relative proportion to total AChE. These observations are consistent with the hypothesized precursor role of the 4 S form. The 16 S form, which is found concentrated in the motor end-plate (MEP) rich regions and in low amounts in MEP-free regions, is similarly partially recovered in both regions, suggesting that there is 16 S biosynthesis not only in the MEP-rich regions but also in the MEP-free regions. PMID- 6673795 TI - Development of interscapular brown adipose tissue in the hamster. II - Differentiation of transplants in the anterior chamber of the eye: role of the sympathetic innervation. AB - The relationship between brown adipose tissue (BAT) and its sympathetic innervation during development was investigated by transplantation of undifferentiated (white fat-like) hamster BAT into the anterior eye chamber of adult hamsters. Such transplants are known to be revascularized and reinnervated by the vessels and the nerves of the host iris. The morphology of the BAT transplants was analysed during the post-operative weeks by light and electron microscopy, and the ingrowth of sympathetic nerve fibres from the iris was followed by radioautography. BAT appeared to differentiate in oculo, i.e. presented increasing amounts of adipocytes with multilocular fat deposits and abundant, well-developed mitochondria, but only after a delay of approx. 10 days, and remained much fatter than in situ. The establishment of the sympathetic innervation was not synchronous with the revascularization process. It occurred simultaneously with the morphological differentiation of the BAT transplants, and the nerve fibre density remained low. In the absence of sympathetic innervation, i.e. when the host irides were sympathectomized prior to transplantation, BAT still differentiated, but the process was further delayed and the proportion of differentiated brown adipocytes after 20 days in oculo was clearly lower than in control transplants. It is concluded that the sympathetic innervation in BAT is involved in the regulation of differentiating activity in the tissue, but is not obligatory for differentiation to occur. PMID- 6673796 TI - Freeze-fracture characterization of the outermost Golgi cisterna (OGC) in rat pancreatic acinar cells. AB - The outermost Golgi cisterna (OGC) frequently exhibits 55 nm diameter protuberances in P fracture faces and corresponding depressions, or pits, in E faces. When these protuberances (pits) appear regularly disposed, OGC faces are recognizable at relatively low electron microscopic magnifications. The mean particle width is less in OGC (6.4 nm) than in rough ER (7.9 nm) P faces, while particle number per unit area is respectively 70% and 100% greater in OGC P and E faces than in corresponding ER faces. The rather small OGC P face particles are better resolved at a relatively low shadowing angle. These differences in particle size (for P faces) and density between OGC and rough ER faces are detectable by inspection and may be used in the recognition of OGC faces devoid of protuberances (in P faces) and pits (in E faces). Fusion of presumably rough ER-derived microvesicles form short double-bossed tubular elements which constitute the OGC initial structure. These tubules enlarge by addition of microvesicle membrane and contents forming a characteristic sheet-like bossed structure. PMID- 6673797 TI - Ultrastructural localization of DNA in tissue culture cell nuclei by means of enzyme-gold and autoimmune sera-protein A-gold techniques. AB - The post-embedding localization of DNA was investigated in cell nuclei by means of DNase I-gold and autoimmune sera-protein A-gold techniques. Using the former technique, gold particles were found mainly over euchromatin, nucleoli exhibit occasionally high labeling. In the latter technique, the use of the serum binding dsDNA confined the label mainly to condensed chromatin. PMID- 6673798 TI - [Quantitative microscopy seminar. Lyons, 8 June 1983. Organized by the Cercle Francais de Microscopie Quantitative. Abstracts]. PMID- 6673799 TI - Human and bovine vascular endothelial cells. Comparative effect on cell growth and longevity of an eye-derived growth factor (EDGF) and of extracellular matrix. AB - Human and bovine vascular endothelial cells from the umbilical vein and the aorta, respectively, were cultured in the presence of EDGF (a growth factor prepared from bovine retina) on plastic or on extracellular matrix (ECM). Both EDGF and ECM are required to allow the maximal proliferation of human cells and their organization in a typical monolayer. Conversely, bovine aortic endothelial cells grow perfectly in the absence of both factors in 6% fetal calf serum. However, a requirement for EDGF can also be demonstrated in low serum conditions, or in cells at high passage number. ECM had no growth promoting activity by itself. Thrombin acts similarly to EDGF on bovine serum-starved cells. EDGF prolongs the in vitro lifespan of both types of cells. Cells at all stages still synthesize factor VIII antigen as revealed by immunofluorescence. Thus EDGF, like other growth factors from brain, FGF or ECGF, may have an important role in angiogenesis, a critical problem in pathological retinas. PMID- 6673800 TI - Megakaryocytes separation in homogeneous classes by unit gravity sedimentation: physico-chemical, ultrastructural and cytophotometric characterizations. AB - Separation by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity according to the STAPUT system of Miller and Phillips was applied to a population of rabbit megakaryocytes previously enriched by density gradient centrifugation. By this means, 80,000 to 100,000 megakaryocytes with 100% purity were collected in eight fractions according to size for a sedimentation velocity of 52 to 30 mm/hr. DNA Feulgen cytophotometric measurements show significant correlation between megakaryocyte size and ploidy. The study of the eight purified fractions is of particular interest because it reflects megakaryopoiesis evolution. The different stages of megakaryocyte maturation of each fraction were analysed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy and were correlated to ploidy level. Thrombopoietic megakaryocytes with grape-like appearance were found in ploidy fractions 8n to 128n. Cytophotometric determinations of nucleohistones revealed several populations. PMID- 6673801 TI - Thyrotropin effects on vesicle transfer and thyroid follicle morphogenesis: a stereological study in the rat. AB - Incubation in a culture medium with and without TSH of 16 day-old foetal thyroid glands induces hypertrophy of the Golgi apparatus which may be correlated with a considerable increase in the number of secretory vesicles. A stereological study performed during the first 6 hr of incubation showed that: vesicle secretion was biphasic; vesicle secretion was heterogeneous with two different populations of vesicles; When TSH (20 mU and 80 mU) was added to the medium, the volume density of the follicular lumina increased; at least during the first 6 hr TSH seemed to be necessary to the formation of follicular lumina. PMID- 6673802 TI - Morphological study of cell organelles during development II-The mitochondria of the renal and intestinal epithelium. AB - The ontogeny of the chondriome was studied in the developing kidney of fetuses and newborn rats and compared to its maturation in jejunum cells of adult rats. The tissues were immersed in a double lead and copper citrate solution which stains mitochondria selectively. Thick sections (0.3-0.5 micron) were observed with a standard transmission electron microscope (80-100 kV). Mitochondria have in developing cells a shape different from those in mature cells and seem to increase in number and volume during development. In the undifferentiated stages of both jejunum and nephron, the mitochondria are small, spherical and scattered throughout the cytoplasm with no particular orientation. As jejunal cells migrate towards the villus tip, the mitochondria orient themselves in the apical-basal direction; those of the proximal nephron become parallel to the lateral cell membranes. The morphological communications found in adult renal cells are much less prominent in the jejunum. With maturation, the close association between membranes, mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum takes place in both epithelia. Our studies suggest that the mitochondrial mass is increased by a continuous process of addition of sub-units and that the chondriome development appears to be more analogous to the growth, differentiation and modification of the endoplasmic reticulum system. The chondriome also seems to reach a certain stage of development before the onset of the organ function. PMID- 6673803 TI - Basement membrane maintenance in cultures of isolated thyroid follicles. AB - Follicles from adult rat thyroid glands were isolated by digestion with collagenase followed by sieving. Electron microscopic studies have shown that basement membrane was present around each one of the isolated follicles. Follicles were cultured in vitro with or without thyrotropin and fibronectin. When cultured in a medium free of thyrotropin, basement membrane remained around them, while it was lacking in presence of this hormone. PMID- 6673804 TI - Ultrastructural aspects after cryoultramicrotomy of bone tissue and sutural cartilage in neonatal mice calvaria. AB - Using transmission electron microscopy after cryoultramicrotomy, mineralized as well as unmineralized bone tissues and sutural cartilage were observed in neonatal mice calvaria. A good definition of osteoblasts (nucleus, membranes, organelles) and extracellular constituents (collagen fibrils, matrix vesicles, mineral substance) was obtained. The sutural zone was composed of an unmineralized cartilaginous tissue with more or less hypertrophic cells surrounded by a finely fibrillar matrix. PMID- 6673805 TI - Red cell ageing: phagocytosis and life-span of young and old erythrocytes fractionated by centrifugation. AB - Young and old red blood cells, separated by centrifugation on the basis of differences in cell density, were submitted to phagocytosis by either autologous human alveolar macrophages or syngeneic murine bone-marrow macrophages. Young cells adhere to macrophages, but to a much smaller extent than old ones. The influence of both type and quality of the separation procedure on the differences observed between the two erythrocyte subpopulations is discussed in the light of the half-life times of murine young and old red blood cells. Fractionation according to age was obtained following the method of Murphy (1973) and glutamate oxalo-acetate transaminase activity was measured and used as an indicator of both cell age and separation. PMID- 6673806 TI - Biochemical and electron microscope radioautographic study of intestinal absorption of tritiated palmitic and oleic acids in control and actidione cycloheximide-treated rats. AB - Intestinal absorption of tritiated palmitic and oleic acids was investigated in control and actidione-cycloheximide-treated rats. Pancreatic juice was collected and 24 hr later an intestinal loop was cannulated in situ. A 90 mumole-lipid emulsion composed of an equimolar mixture of monopalmitin, palmitic and oleic acids with bile was infused with either 3H-labeled palmitic or oleic acid. After 15 or 30 min biochemical analysis was carried out to follow the uptake and the transfer of the labeled fatty acids. Mucosa was removed for both biochemical analysis of lipid classes and the ultrastructural or radioautographic electron microscope study depending on the radioactive activity. Following actidione cycloheximide treatment, the uptake of both fatty acids decreased, but the amount of lipids in the mucosa greatly increased, while amount of the reesterification of fatty acids in the mucosa diminished. Consequently the amount of infused palmitic acid which was transferred in 15 min decreased from 36% in the absence of treatment to 4.6% when treatment was used. The corresponding figures for oleic acid are 70% and 20.9%. Unstructured lipids were in the intercellular spaces, indicating that a cytotoxic effect had occurred which produced a defect in the lipoprotein particle organization. The Golgi complex, in the final step of the chylomicron synthesis before exocytosis, showed low level of radioautographic reaction indicating less participation by the complex in lipid transfer. The various processes which were inhibited during long-chain fatty acid absorption from the luminal area to the Golgi complex included fatty acid binding by proteins, enzymatic acylation and esterification, apoprotein participation. This inhibition explains why long-chain fatty acid absorption was greatly impaired. Moreover, our observations compared with those obtained during decanoic acid absorption, particularly our radioautography based observations, emphasize the important role of the Golgi complex which requires intense membrane turnover during lipid absorption. PMID- 6673807 TI - Morphometry of fetal Leydig cells in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis), correlation with plasma testosterone. AB - The evolution of Leydig cells in Macaca fascicularis fetuses was followed throughout gestation (50-150 d) by morphometric procedures (volume densities of: cells, SER, mitochondria and lipid droplets). Testosterone from umbilical artery plasma was radioimmunoassayed starting on day 57. After predifferentiation and differentiation phases, Leydig cells entered the maturity phase (57-66 d), they occupied 19% of testicular volume, SER and lipid droplets represented 19% and 5% respectively of cytoplasmic volume. Then Leydig cells regressed dramatically (involution phase I: 66-83 d), their volume density decreased to 8%, that of SER to 12% whereas lipids doubled. Leydig cell volume density diminished to 5% during the second half of gestation (involution phase II), but their ultrastructure was not significantly altered. High plasma testosterone level (2.4 ng/ml) was observed during the maturity phase of Leydig cells, decline of testosterone occurred during involution phases I and II (1.13 and 0.58 ng/ml respectively). Its was shown that from day 57 to the end of fetal development the evolution of the plasma testosterone level correlated with the Leydig cell volume density and the SER volume density. PMID- 6673808 TI - Lipid studies on Candida tropicalis grown on alkane. AB - The lipid composition of whole cells and microsomal fraction of Candida tropicalis grown on alkane, glucose and glycerol have been examined. Small quantitative variations in the total lipid content are detected; the differences observed in both triacylglycerols and phospholipids are related to the substrates used to the growth. PMID- 6673809 TI - Localization of measles virus nucleic acid sequences in infected cells by in situ hybridization. AB - Vero cells were infected with measles virus and hybridized in situ to a cloned DNA fragment containing specific sequences for measles nucleocapsid protein. The DNA was labelled with tritium by nick-translation. The viral RNA were detected in the cytoplasm 21 hrs after infection. In many cells, the probe hybridized to nuclear structures, and in several mitotic cells, to chromosomes. After 36 hrs of infection, hybridization sites were found both in the center and in many nuclei of all the polykaryons. These results indicate that cellular distribution of viral RNA molecules varies in the course of infection. They further suggest that the nucleus plays a more active role than expected in measles virus transcription and replication. PMID- 6673810 TI - Effect of xipamide and furosemide on guinea pig cochlear recorded potentials. AB - The effects of furosemide and xipamide on guinea pig cochlear potentials were studied under acute conditions. Auditory nerve action potentials (AP) and cochlear microphonics (CM) were depressed by both diuretics in a dose-related manner. Furosemide was more effective on AP than on CM. In contrast, the xipamide induced reductions of AP and CM were similar. Our results suggest that the depressive effects of furosemide or xipamide may be related to a direct action on cochlear mechanisms. PMID- 6673811 TI - Stereoisomery and the release of the adrenergic neurotransmitter by indirectly acting sympathomimetics. AB - The isolated right rat atrium was used to investigate the chronotropic effects of dl-tranylcypromine and its d- and l-isomers. The concentration-effect curves of the three compounds were similar. The response of the preparation to the three drugs was completely blocked by pretreatment of the animal with reserpine, thus indicating an indirect effect of the drugs by the release of the natural mediator. Cocaine present in the bathing fluid partially antagonized the effect of dl-tranylcypromine and its isomers. It is concluded that the accumulation of the different forms of the drug by neural structures and the subsequent release of the neurotransmitter are not stereospecific processes. Furthermore it is suggested that the efflux of the neurotransmitter in the rat atrium may be carrier-mediated, and that this process is inhibited by cocaine. PMID- 6673812 TI - Diphenylhydantoin inhibition of drug-induced contractions of isolated rat vas deferens: additional evidence for a calcium-blocking action. AB - The present study analyzed the inhibitory effects of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on acetylcholine (Ach)-, norepinephrine (NE)- and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced contractions of the isolated rat vas deferens in normal bath medium. The effect of DPH on CaCl2-induced contractions of depolarized preparations was also investigated. Pre-incubation with 30 microM to 1mM DPH for 20 min promoted a non competitive antagonism of Ach-, 5-HT- and NE-induced contractions with pD'2 values of 4.0 +/- 0.11, 4.05 +/- 0.10 and 3.38 +/- 0.10, respectively. In contrast, 12.5 microM to 100 microM DPH caused parallel, dose-related, rightward displacements of the dose-response curve to CaCl2 in potassium depolarizing solution. The Schild plot of these data was linear and compatible with a competitive antagonism by DPH of Ca2+-induced contractions (pA2 = 4.75 +/- 0.2; slope = 0.99). These results strongly suggest that, in the isolated rat vas deferens, DPH interferes competitively with Ca2+ membrane translocation, thus inhibiting the action of several neurotransmitters in a non-competitive manner. PMID- 6673813 TI - The peripheral analgesic effect of morphine, codeine, pentazocine and d propoxyphene. AB - The prostaglandin hyperalgesia and tail immersion tests were used to evaluate the analgesic action of morphine, codeine, d-propoxyphene and pentazocine following intraperitoneal, intraplantar and intracerebroventricular administration to rats. In the prostaglandin hyperalgesia test, all drugs produced a dose-dependent analgesia by the various routes. The rank order of potency after intraperitoneal administration was morphine (100) greater than d-propoxyphene (4) greater than pentazocine (2) greater than codeine (1). Although morphine (ID50 = 4 micrograms) was a very potent analgesic when given intracerebroventricularly, very shallow dose-response curves were obtained with the other substances which promoted less than 30% of inhibition at doses up to 250 micrograms. In the paw, morphine (ID50 = 5 micrograms) was only 5-8 times more potent than pentazocine, propoxyphene and codeine. Thus, in contrast with morphine, intraplantar administration of codeine, pentazocine and d-propoxyphene is much more effective than intracerebroventricular administration. In the tail immersion test the smallest intraperitoneal doses which affected the reaction time were 9 mg/kg morphine, 16.2 mg/kg codeine and pentazocine and 48.6 mg/kg d-propoxyphene. When injected intracerebroventricularly morphine (10 micrograms) was the only opiate that caused a detectable analgesic effect. In the prostaglandin hyperalgesia test, a small dose of naloxone (1 micrograms) given into the rat paw significantly antagonized the analgesic effect of d-propoxyphene, codeine and pentazocine administered either intraperitoneally or intraplantarly. These results clearly indicate that a method involving or mimicking inflammatory hyperalgesia is much more sensitive in detecting opiate analgesia than a method which uses heat as a nociceptive stimulus. Furthermore, our results support the proposition that part of the overall analgesia which follows the systemic administration of opiates is due to a peripheral antinociceptive action. PMID- 6673814 TI - Retinal ganglion cells of the pigeon accessory optic system. AB - After the demonstration of its involvement in visuomotor coordination, the accessory optic system has been the subject of renewed interest. An interesting feature of its functional organization is that the retinal ganglion cells generating projections to accessory optic nuclei appear to be, at least in birds, the displaced ganglion cells of Dogiel. Retinal extracellular unit recordings were performed for 21 pigeons. Neurons were identified by antidromic activation from primary visual relays, including the nucleus of the basal optic root of the accessory optic system, the optic tectum, and the thalamic dorsolateral nuclear complex. Ganglion cells (N = 68) of the accessory optic system were always found deeper in the retina, close to the boundary between the inner plexiform and the inner nuclear layers, i.e. displaced from the ganglion cell layer itself. Their latencies to antidromic activation ranged from 1.3 to 4.6 ms (mean +/- SD, 2.3 +/ 0.5 ms). The receptive fields were very large, peripheral and apparently non organized. Responses to stationary photic stimuli were weak, and the main feature of these cells appeared to be high sensitivity to slowly moving targets, with some degree of directional selectivity. These response properties indicate that the ganglion cells of the accessory optic system in pigeons could well detect visual image displacement on the retina. Together with other anatomical, physiological and behavioral data, the present study provides information linking the accessory optic system to oculomotor control functions. PMID- 6673815 TI - Proximal tubular acidification in metabolic alkalosis. AB - Metabolic alkalosis was induced in rats by acute bicarbonate loading in the presence and absence of extracellular volume (ECV) expansion. Proximal tubular acidification was studied by stopped-flow microperfusion and the determination of luminal pH by antimony microelectrodes. Stationary pH and bicarbonate were markedly increased in proximal tubules of alkalotic rats, and acidification half times were increased, leading to a fall in net bicarbonate reabsorption (JHCO-3) to 36% of control values. Net H+ ion secretion (JH+) into phosphate buffer fell to 56% of controls, whereas alkalinization t/2 and H+ fluxes, measured during perfusion with acid phosphate, were unaltered. ECV expansion reduced proximal JHCO-3 36% in control rats, without affecting JH+, and caused a fall in alkalinization t/2, compatible with increased bicarbonate back-flux into the lumen. However, it did not affect JHCO3 and JH+ in alkalotic rats. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition did not significantly reduce acidification in alkalotic rats. An analysis of the components of bicarbonate reabsorption showed that alkalosis reduced catalyzed H+ -ion secretion to 7% of the control values. It is concluded that proximal H+ ion secretion is significantly reduced in metabolic alkalosis leading to lower JHCO-3. No evidence for modification of H+/HCO-3 apparent permeabilities was obtained. The effects of alkalosis were not significantly altered by ECV expansion or by carbonic anhydrase inhibition. PMID- 6673816 TI - [Neuro-endocrine changes and physiopathology of sleep: uses in differential diagnosis of depressive syndromes]. PMID- 6673817 TI - Fatty acid composition and primer specificity of de novo fatty acid synthetase in Bacillus globispores, Bacillus insolitus, and Bacillus psychrophilus. AB - The fatty acid compositions of three psychrophilic species of Bacillus were determined by gas--liquid chromatography. The proportions of straight-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, and unsaturated fatty acids were found to be 13.3, 86.7, and 26.1% of the total cellular fatty acids for Bacillus globispores, 36.6, 63.4, and 25.1% for Bacillus insolitus, and 6.9, 93.1, and 18.4% for Bacillus psychrophilus, respectively. In all three organisms the de novo fatty acid synthetase specificity towards acyl-CoA primers was butyryl-CoA greater than propionyl-CoA much greater than acetyl-CoA. This shows that B. insolitus, which has an unusually large proportion of straight-chain fatty acids for Bacillus, does not possess a different de novo fatty acid synthetase than the other two organisms. Therefore, the greater proportion of straight-chain fatty acids in B. insolitus may be explained by a large supply of straight-chain primer. PMID- 6673818 TI - Interaction between bile acids and staphylococcal polysaccharide: inhibition of capsule formation in encapsulated mutant strains (taurine+, taurine-) of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - In a previous paper, we showed that bile acid derivatives inhibit capsule formation as well as taurine biosynthesis in a taurine+ (Tau+) encapsulated strain of Staphylococcus aureus. In the present study, binding of [14C]cholic acid [( 14C]CA) and [14C]taurocholic acid [( 14C]TA) to the staphylococcal polysaccharide antigen (SPA) of the capsular fraction was examined. The bile acids were found to bind with SPA via taurine of the Tau+ cells. [14C]CA bound with the SPA fraction of the Tau+ strain within 10-30 min, whereas 60-120 min was required in the binding of [14C]TA. Various bile acids competed with cholic acid binding to Tau+ cells which was shown by the inhibition of binding with cholic acid or taurocholic acid but not with glycholic acid. Binding of bile acid derivatives to a Tau- encapsulated mutant or to capsular material from this mutant was not observed. PMID- 6673819 TI - Prevention of the enhancing effect of mucin and iron in mouse meningococcal infection. AB - In vivo resistance of mice to Neisseria meningitidis was entirely abrogated by a concomitant administration of mucin and iron with N. meningitidis organisms. Resistance, however, was restored when the latter challenge was given to animals which had been immunized 7 days previously with a crude extract of meningococcal antigens (MA), BCG, or proteose peptone. These results suggest that depression or activation of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) may be important in resistant of mice to meningococcal infection. Also, like BCG, MA inoculation was able to prevent infection by Listeria monocytogenes indicating its marked ability to activate the RES. The data show that immunization can induce nonspecific RES stimulation and that the nonspecific resistance persists for at least 7 days. PMID- 6673820 TI - Persistence of naturally acquired cell-mediated immunity to rubella virus during the first trimester of pregnancy. AB - We studied the persistence of naturally acquired cell-mediated immunity to rubella during early pregnancy. We compared lymphocyte transformation responses to phytohemagglutinin and rubella virus in 35 naturally immune women aged 17-37 years, in the first trimester of pregnancy, with 49 naturally immune age-matched nonpregnant controls. A significant lower lymphocyte transformation response to phytohemagglutinin was observed during the first trimester of pregnancy (P = 0.008), but lymphocyte transformation responses to rubella virus were not significantly different (P = 0.901). These data indicate that, in naturally immune women, cell-mediated immunity to rubella virus is not significantly altered by the physiological changes in early pregnancy. PMID- 6673821 TI - Subunit composition of goblet-shaped particles from the cell wall of Flexibacter polymorphus. AB - Submicroscopic goblet-shaped particles ( goblets ) were released from the cell envelope of the marine gliding bacterium Flexibacter polymorphus when treated with the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 followed by sonication. The goblets were purified by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation and exhibited an equilibrium buoyant density of 1.30 g/mL at 23 degrees C. They were composed of protein and a small amount of carbohydrate (approximately 3.4% by weight). Aqueous suspensions exhibited an absorption maximum in the ultraviolet at a wavelength of 276 nm and a smaller shoulder at 281 nm. Phospholipids were not detected in purified preparations of goblets , though they are known to be prominent constituents of the intact membranes of this microbe. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of goblets solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2 mercaptoethanol indicated four major polypeptide components ranging in molecular weight from 13 000 to 80 000. This number of different protein subunits corroborates earlier ultrastructural observations indicating a multisubunit composition. PMID- 6673822 TI - Purification of proteins similar to HPr and enzyme I from the oral bacterium Streptococcus salivarius. Biochemical and immunochemical properties. AB - The phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) is made of several proteins. Two of them are designated general proteins because they are required for the transport and phosphorylation of all sugars of the PTS. These two proteins are found in the soluble fraction of cellular extracts and are termed HPr and enzyme I (EI). We reported in this work the purification and the characterization of these two proteins from Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975. HPr was purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, molecular sieving on Ultrogel AcA44, and carboxymethylcellulose chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis in the presence of urea revealed a single band with a molecular weight of 6700. The protein contained no tryptophan and had a pI of 4.8. The purification scheme of EI was as follows: DEAE-cellulose chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography, preparative electrophoresis, and molecular sieving on Ultrogel AcA34. The five-step purification for EI produced a 199-fold purified preparation with a specific activity of 530 mumol of HPr phosphorylated per minute per milligram of protein at 37 degrees C. The fraction obtained after filtration on Ultrogel AcA34 gave one band (68 000) on sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the native enzyme determined by gel filtration at 4 degrees C was 135 000, suggesting that it was a dimer. Enzyme I had a pI of 4.2, a pH optimum of 6.7, a Km for HPr of about 27 microM, a Km for phosphoenolpyruvate of 0.48 mM, and kinetics that were consistent with a Ping Pong mechanism. Evidence had been obtained which indicated that S. salivarius enzyme I was antigenically very similar to enzyme I from various strains of Streptococcus mutans, but not to the enzyme from Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli. PMID- 6673823 TI - Nonreaginic anaphylactic and/or blocking antibodies: introduction. PMID- 6673824 TI - Nonreaginic anaphylactic and/or blocking antibodies: conclusion. PMID- 6673825 TI - The mast cell--introduction. PMID- 6673826 TI - Systolic time-interval evaluation by thermistor plethysmography during uninterrupted dynamic stress test in normals and in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - 18 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 21 normal subjects underwent a triangular bicycle exercise test. Systolic time intervals (STI) were calculated at rest and every 2 min during exercise. Under resting conditions, STI were similar in the two groups. During exercise, the ejection time index (ETI), i.e. left ventricular ejection time (LVET) corrected for HR, rose significantly more in CAD patients, as compared to normals. Pre-ejection period (PEP) was also differently affected by exercise in CAD patients, who showed a more shortened PEP (p less than 0.001) in the early stage of dynamic stress. PEP/LVET ratio, which in the control group decreased continuously, in CAD patients fell during exercise at lower work loads (p less than 0.001), whilst rose during strenuous exercise. Finally, significant differences (p less than 0.001) were found in the percent change (% delta) PEP/LVET ratio between the two groups during the early phase of exercise, in which no superimposition of single values was present. Therefore, this last parameter seems the most reliable to differentiate clearly CAD patients from normal subjects, but its use must be limited at early exercise. PMID- 6673827 TI - Electrophysiological effects of lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction with bifascicular block or complete A-V block. AB - Electrophysiological effects of lidocaine were studied in 27 patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by bifascicular block (group I: 20), and complete A-V block (group II: 7). Lidocaine was administered intravenously in bolus doses of 100 mg each at intervals of 10 min. In group I, there was no significant change in the heart rate (Before (B) = 84.85 +/- 24.19, After (A) = 87.25 +/- 20.26 beats/min) intra-atrial (PA) conduction time (B = 25 +/- 6.18, A = 27.22 +/- 6.69 ms), A-V nodal (AH) conduction (B = 111.5 +/- 56.12, A = 111.5 +/- 56.5 ms) or His bundle to ventricular (HV) activation time (B = 59.5 +/- 19.32, A = 61.25 +/- 18.62 ms) after lidocaine administration. In group II, 2 patients reverted to sinus rhythm, one with 1:1 conduction and the other with type II Wenckebach's block, with being prepared for the study, but both had complete A-V block within 1 h of the His bundle electrogram recordings. Of the remaining 5 patients, 4 had supra and 1 infra His A-V block. After lidocaine, 2 patients developed asystole. In the remaining 4 patients, there was no change in the escape rate or various conduction intervals. PMID- 6673828 TI - Buschke's scleredema with right-sided heart failure. Echocardiographic and clinical observations. AB - Heart failure as a complication of Buschke's scleredema was not reported in the literature on this rare disease. A young girl with a severe form of Buschke's disease is described. She developed severe right-sided heart failure--proven by the typical clinical, auscultatory, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings; was treated successfully with penicillin, anticongestive measures and steroids, and showed a remarkable complete recovery. PMID- 6673829 TI - Cefoperazone in the treatment of osteomyelitis. AB - Twenty-six patients (aged 20 to 78 years) with osteomyelitis of the lower extremity (22) and infections of the spine (4) were treated with the broad spectrum antibiotic cefoperazone. Staphylococcus aureus was the major pathogen isolated. A complete cure was obtained in 18 (69.2%) of the 26 patients treated; an additional four patients (15.4%) demonstrated a satisfactory clinical result without complete eradication of all baseline pathogens. PMID- 6673830 TI - A study with quinfamide in the treatment of chronic amebiasis in adults. AB - Quinfamide, a luminal amebicide, is a dichloroacetyl quinolol used to treat chronic and subacute intestinal amebiasis. Several previous dose-ranging studies have indicated that quinfamide is effective in a total dose of 300, 600, or 1,200 mg. The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of 100- and 200-mg doses, each given three times daily. A cure rate of 100% was found at a dosage of 100 mg/8 hr and of 93.3% at 200 mg/8 hr. These results indicate that quinfamide is an effective luminal amebicide at the doses studied. PMID- 6673831 TI - Treatment of chronic amebiasis in pediatric patients with a suspension of quinfamide. AB - Quinfamide, a dichloroacetyl quinolol synthesized and tested at Sterling Winthrop Research Institute, is a potent luminal amebicide with potential utility for a one-day treatment of chronic and subacute amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Previous studies demonstrated that quinfamide is a safe and efficacious drug for adult patients when given as a one-day treatment regimen of 300 mg taken in tablet form at a dosage of 100 mg every eight hours. To test the drug in suspension form in pediatric patients, 46 children from newborn to 12 years old, assigned to groups according to age, were administered quinfamide in doses ranging from 50 to 300 mg/day as either single or divided doses. In all age groups quinfamide suspension, given as multiple doses in a single day, was shown to be highly effective in eliminating trophozoites from the stool. Cure rates ranged from 77.8% to 100%. PMID- 6673832 TI - Safety and efficacy of a three-drug regimen for the treatment of hypertension: hydrochlorothiazide, propranolol, and guanadrel. AB - Twenty-seven patients with moderate to moderately severe hypertension who had not responded optimally to treatment with a standard step 2 regimen were treated with a three-drug regimen of hydrochlorothiazide, propranolol, and guanadrel. The addition of guanadrel reduced blood pressure to levels significantly below those achieved by the step 2 regimen. The achievement of normotensive blood pressure levels was accompanied by a decrease in the number of adverse effects reported. PMID- 6673833 TI - Muscle dedifferentiation and contractile protein synthesis during post-traumatic regeneration by Owenia fusiformis (polychaeta annelid). AB - During anterior traumatic regeneration of the polychaete annelid Owenia fusiformis, we have observed by electron microscopy the dedifferentiation processes of muscle cells. The dedifferentiated cells are reminiscent of undifferentiated myoblasts. They form the blastema and redifferentiate in muscle cells in the regenerate. The in vivo and in vitro biochemical studies of the biosynthesis of contractile proteins, as markers of the terminal differentiation programme of the muscle cells, showed that gene expression correlated with the terminal differentiation programme (at last for muscle cells) seemed unaffected. It seems in fact that contractile protein synthesis is regulated partly at the translational level during traumatic regeneration in the invertebrate. PMID- 6673834 TI - Morphology of epithelio-mesenchymal interaction during lung development of the mouse. AB - Basement membrane gaps and epithelio-mesenchymal contacts could be shown in the lung of mouse embryos during the entire pregnancy period. Some of the contacts corresponded to gap junctions. The significance of these findings for the differentiation of epithelium and mesenchyme, as well as for the development of the epithelial tube system of the lung as a model for the epithelio-mesenchymal interaction, has been discussed taking into account the results of other investigators. It was concluded that direct epithelio-mesenchymal contacts are necessary for organ development. PMID- 6673835 TI - Initial appearance of myomesin in differentiating muscle cells. AB - The time between the appearance of the striated-muscle-specific M-line protein myomesin and the previous mitosis was measured in individual chick breast muscle cells. The shortest time interval (16 h) was measured with time-lapse cinematography followed by indirect immunofluorescence on 84 cells during the first two days of culture. During these experiments diffuse, cell border and cross-striated fluorescent patterns were observed in both bipolar and non-bipolar cells. A quantitative comparison of the spatial distribution of myomesin to cell morphology and time of culture revealed considerable variation among individual cells. These results indicate that the mechanisms regulating these factors during terminal differentiation are separable and not strictly coordinated. PMID- 6673836 TI - Incorporation of radioactive precursors into glycosaminoglycans by rat muscle fibroblasts exposed to a solubilized rat bone matrix fraction. AB - Confluent cultures of rat muscle fibroblastic cells respond by increased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis when cultured in medium containing a solubilized bone matrix fraction (SBM) at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. The metabolism of the GAG associated with the cell pellet, the cell surface and the tissue culture medium fractions was studied, in the presence and absence of SBM, by measuring the incorporation of radioactivity from [3H]glucosamine and [35S]SO4 into the isolated GAG. Net synthesis of hyaluronic acid and of chondroitin sulfate in the medium fraction increased more rapidly in cultures containing SBM compared to controls, and the accumulation of labelled GAG in the medium of the treated cultures was approximately linear with respect to the length of incubation. The addition of SBM also resulted in increased incorporation of 3H and of 35S into the GAG of the cell surface and cell pellet fractions. In these fractions, stimulation of incorporation of radioactivity occurred in two waves: an early, relatively minor increase and a later relatively major increase. The relatively major stimulation of radioactivity into the GAG of the cell surface fraction occurred between 24 and 48 h and was independent of any apparent effect of serum. PMID- 6673837 TI - Differences in the efficiency and stability of gene expression after transfection and nuclear injection: a study with a chick delta-crystallin gene. AB - The efficiency of an exogenous gene's expression was compared after its transfection and injection into various mouse cells to systematically evaluate these two gene transfer techniques. Special attention was paid to the period of transient expression. The gene used was a derivative of chicken delta-crystallin gene with the 5' end region replaced by a promoter base sequence of a retrovirus. Nuclear injection was more efficient than transfection in several respects: it was roughly one thousand times more efficient in producing gene-expressing cells than the transfection technique; it produced positive cells in every challenged cell line in contrast to the results of some unsuccessful trials found with transfection; and the maximum expression of the exogenous gene in a gene transferred cell was much higher after injection than after transfection. With the transfection technique, use of a DNA-calcium phosphate coprecipitate was slightly more efficient than the use of DEAE-dextran. The stability of gene expression in transfected and nuclear-injected cells differed greatly: Expression of the exogenous gene in transfected cells was transmitted to 92% of the daughter cells per division, whereas its expression in injected cells was transmitted to only 32% of the daughter cells. This great difference in stability probably reflects different states of the major fraction of the exogenous gene: integration into chromosomes in transfected cells versus extrachromosomal localization in injected cells. PMID- 6673838 TI - Separation of human colostral macrophages and neutrophils on gelatin and collagen serum substrata. AB - A new technique for separation of human colostral macrophages and neutrophils was developed. Macrophages attached more readily to acid soluble collagen-serum or gelatin-serum substrata than neutrophils. Most of the adherent neutrophils were removed during the first 5 minutes incubation in 3 mM EDTA, thereafter, complete detachment of macrophages followed. Neutrophils and macrophages were enriched more than 80% in nonadherent cell populations and detached cell populations, respectively. These separated colostral leukocytes retained their viability and phagocytic activities. Therefore, functional studies of these purified human colostral leukocytes are possible. PMID- 6673839 TI - Flow cytometry of the phagocytosis of fluorescent microspheres in V79 cells. AB - Phagocytosis of fluorescent microspheres (1.8 micron diameter) by Chinese hamster lung cells, V79 cells, was observed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The phagocytic V79 cells observed by these methods had phagocytosis values that varied by less than 5%. PMID- 6673840 TI - Current trends in malaria chemoprophylaxis and treatment. AB - Current and new antimalarial drugs are discussed in relation to the prevention and treatment of malaria, with special reference to multiple drug resistance in P. falciparum as it affects non-immune travellers. PMID- 6673841 TI - [Hypocalcemia in malaria. Study of correlations with other parameters]. AB - In a privileged observation of severe malaria contracted after laboratory contamination, we noticed a deep hypocalcemia 67 mg/l = 1.67 mmol/l. Since then we found again that hypocalcemia, connected with hypoalbuminemia, in ten other patients showing severe forms of malaria Plasmodium falciparum. The main biological datas of those four cases are summarized below. We made a systematic study of malaria cases, whatever may have been the intensity of parasitemia and clinical symptoms, and whatever the plasmodial species. For 26 non african paludisms , we found an average level of calcemia of 85 mg/l and an average hypoalbuminemia of 37 g/l = 536 mumol/l. For 30 african paludisms we found an average calcemia of 87.5 mg/l. That reduced value is statistically significant comparatively with the average value of 30 african people with no malaria 91.5 mg/l. The problem is to know if this hypocalcemia is connected only with hypoalbuminemia and if it may involve clinical or therapeutical effects. PMID- 6673842 TI - Malaria control and primary health care: or the art of squaring the circle. AB - The present trends of malaria control in developing countries aim at integrating the specific antimalaria activities, as much as possible, with the tasks of the primary health care. This seems to have been achieved in a few countries through the close involvement of the community and the support of the national, politically orientated health programme. However, such social and administrative discipline is seldom seen, although it can be of immense long-term value. In view of the present increasing difficulties of malaria control by residual insecticides and by antiplasmodial methods, it is doubtful if the primary health care can achieve the desirable aims of comprehensive malaria control, even if can greatly help in implementing such measures as are necessary. A realistic appraisal of intermediate health targets is needed, together with a maintenance of a core of technical expertise to advise and conduct the necessary activities. There is also great need of a reorientation of individual and community attitudes throughout the endemic malarious areas of the Third World. PMID- 6673843 TI - [Treatment of 700 cases of bilharziasis with the new drugs oxamniquine, oltipraz, praziquantel]. AB - The authors study the results of a treatment of 700 cases of bilharziasis seen in Paris and in two foci in Togo, by oxamniquine, oltipraz or praziquantel. The three drugs are well tolerated; only a few mild side-effects were reported such as discomfort, nausea, headaches (two cases of acrodynia with oltipraz ). The three drugs are very efficacious in the case of schistosomiasis mansoni (85,5% success rate with oxamniquine, 92,9% with praziquantel, from 76,5 to 92% with oltipraz depending on the different strains) at day 180. As far as schistosomiasis haematobium is concerned, oltipraz and praziquantel have a 87,5% success rate with oltipraz and 80% with praziquantel; however, in the case of oltipraz , it is necessary to increase the dose. The action of praziquantel seems to be slower on Schistosoma haematobium than on S. mansoni. By the study of the evolution of antibodies, the fast action of praziquantel was noticed, explaining the peak of serological titers and of eosinophilia as early as day 10 after treatment; in the case of oltipraz , the apparition of this peak is only recorded at the 30th day. The slower effect of oltipraz on worms implicates not to judge its efficacy by too early controls. PMID- 6673844 TI - [Mass treatment of Schistomsoma haematobium bilharziasis in the member states of the Organization for Coordination of the Campaign against Endemic Diseases in Central Africa]. AB - The authors analysed the results of the control of Schistosoma haematobium bilharziasis in two central African countries, the Congo and the Cameroun . These results demonstrated: --The feasibility of mass screening by filtering urine; - The acceptability and efficacy of new antibilharzian drugs, praziquantel and oltipraz . With the aim of improving the cost/effectiveness ratio of these campagnes and taking into account the health requirements which exist and/or are desired by the population, the authors propose four modifications of the strategy of mass control: --The integration of Schistosoma haematobium bilharziasis control with the other regional health priorities; --Screening target groups; PMID- 6673845 TI - Schistosomiasis among Surinam immigrants in The Netherlands, watch the family! PMID- 6673846 TI - An apparent association of enzymic variants of Leishmania major with specific geographical areas in Israel. AB - Isolates of Leishmania major from man, Psammomys obesus, Meriones crassus and Phlebotomus papatasi from three separate areas of Israel were characterised using isoenzyme electrophoresis. Three enzymic variants of phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) were seen, the distribution of which is correlated with the different geographical areas. PMID- 6673847 TI - Leishmaniasis in Sardinia: an introductory note. AB - Preliminary data on a project planned in Sardinia for the epidemiological study of leishmaniases are presented. Twenty-six dogs were found infected in the south western part of the island. Nine isolates were successfully stabilated . In a canine leishmaniasis focus on the outskirts of Cagliari, Phlebotomus perniciosus was the predominant sandfly species (95%). In the same area, 28 specimens of Rattus norvegicus were trapped and their spleen homogenate was injected into hamsters. No Leishmania has yet been isolated. PMID- 6673848 TI - Aflatoxins and kwashiorkor. Epidemiology and clinical studies in Sudanese children and findings in autopsy liver samples from Nigeria and South Africa. AB - The aetiology and pathogenesis of kwashiorkor remains obscure. Clinical and epidemiological studies are in progress in Sudan to determine whether aflatoxins play a role in the pathogenesis of kwashiorkor. Local foods are screened for their aflatoxin content and children with kwashiorkor and age and sex matched children with marasmus and with normal nutrition are being investigated for aflatoxins in their blood and urine. Autopsy liver samples of children with kwashiorkor and other nutritional disorders in Nigeria and South Africa have been examined for their aflatoxin content. Aflatoxins are detected using two dimensional thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Results to date on over 350 children studied show that aflatoxins occur more frequently and at higher concentrations in the sera of children with kwashiorkor than in children with marasmus or in normal children. Urinary excretion of aflatoxins in kwashiorkor appears to be less than in other groups. In the autopsy liver samples, aflatoxins have been detected in all kwashiorkor livers but not in livers from marasmic children. These findings seem to implicate aflatoxins in the pathogenesis of kwashiorkor. If this is confirmed it would have very wide implications for the management and prevention of kwashiorkor. PMID- 6673849 TI - Portal hypertension in Nairobi, Kenya. AB - Previous reports have suggested that idiopathic portal hypertension, a condition quite distinct from tropical splenomegaly syndrome, occurs in Kenya. In the present study patients with oesophageal varices were allocated to diagnostic groups on the basis of liver histology and results of splenoportovenography , and these groups were then compared for prevalence of hepatitis B markers, immunoglobulin levels and results of enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) for S. mansoni infection. 85 patients with oesophageal varices were studied. 29.4% had histological evidence of Schistosoma mansoni infection, 20% had cirrhosis and in 25.9% liver histology was non-diagnostic and the portal vein was radiologically shown to be patent. A comparison of clinical findings, serological data and parasitological investigations suggested that this latter group was a distinct one, and did no result from failure of histological diagnosis of cirrhosis or schistosomiasis. It is likely that these patients had idiopathic portal hypertension. In 82 normal controls, the carrier rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 12.2%, 59.8% had antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and 7.3% showed antibody to core antigen (anti-HBc) as the only viral marker. 58.3% of the cirrhotics and 26.7% of patients with probable idiopathic portal hypertension were HbsAg positive. The implications of these results, and limited data on hepatitis Be antigen and antibody are discussed. PMID- 6673850 TI - The pathology in perinatal mortality in Nairobi, Kenya. AB - The clinico-pathological causes of death in 497 stillbirths and 1st 24 hour neonatal deaths in Nairobi are described. The major factors in stillbirth (303 cases) were cord compression and prolapse, birth trauma, and prolonged labour. Hyaline membrane disease and intraventricular haemorrhage caused death in 52% of the neonatal cases. The importance of intra-uterine infection is discussed. PMID- 6673851 TI - [Toxicogenic fungi isolated from foodstuffs coming from the Far East]. AB - Acetonic extracts of filamentous fungi formerly isolated from asiatic foodstuff were studied for toxicity. Eight out of 19 isolates inhibited seed germination of Lepidium sativum. Fluorescence was light at 366 nm. The skin test on rabbit was negative. PMID- 6673852 TI - [New cases of chromoblastomycosis: importances of anatomo-pathologic examinations]. AB - Several cases of chromoblastomycosis have been observed, for 7 years, in the laboratory of Pathology, in the IMTSSA . Their various aspects are described. The diagnosis includes three stages: clinic, mycology and pathology. The most frequent clinical lesions have been observed on the legs. Often, they were like a malignant tumour (carcinoma). The fungal investigation, by direct research of fungi in the lesions, is carried out scarcely, because it is difficult. It should be completed by cultures, in order to isolate the pathogenic agent, but its identification is not possible, if it is not carried out by a laboratory of mycology. The most simple technique , adapted to tropical areas, is the pathological examination. It reveals several points of interest: by analyzing the cutaneous lesions (in order to eliminate a carcinoma)--observing the intensity of the inflammatory reaction--but, first of all, the discovery of the thick-walled dark cells. Two techniques are usual, for staining, but they could be improved by using other special techniques, in order to analyse more carefully the lesions. PMID- 6673853 TI - Sleeping sickness in the Luangwa Valley of Zambia. A preliminary report of the 1982 outbreak at Kasyasya village. AB - Sleeping sickness (SS) in the Luangwa Valley of Zambia is widespread but generally sporadic and of low prevalence. Between March and June 1982 eleven SS cases were reported from Kasyasya village, a community of about 75 people in 12 households. Transmission most likely occurred in two periods between November 1981 and April 1982, when people were living in three groups of small farming homesteads adjacent to their fields and to woodland . Their main village was deserted for the duration of the cultivation season. The high incidence of SS at Kasyasya , particularly amongst adult females of one homestead , suggested that transmission occurred close to or within areas of habitation. Intimate contact between man, fly and the unknown reservoir was also indicated by the finding of only two, almost identical, T. rhodesiense zymodemes amongst Kasyasya cases. The zymodemes differed only by a single band in one enzyme (ALAT) of the twelve examined by starch-gel isoenzyme electrophoresis. There was no evidence for cyclical man-fly-man transmission, but mechanical transmission and single-fly transmission of a mature infection to several people may have occurred. Game animals feeding close to the homesteads were the most likely, but unproven, sources of the outbreak. PMID- 6673854 TI - Cardiac lymph drainage in experimental African trypanosomiasis in vervet monkeys. AB - In group I (15 monkeys) the infection time was less than 70 days with one exception and histologically 14 had trypanosomal pancarditis with morphological evidence of lymph stasis. Trypanosomes served as markers of the dilated cardiac lymphatics seen at apices, atrioventricular junctions, near the His bundle, at the base of cardiac valves and around the root of the aorta and pulmonary artery. 3 hearts had apical aneurysms. In group II (6 monkeys) the infection time exceeded 130 days and despite specific non-arsenical treatment all relapsed. Histologically focal cardiac fibrosis and extravascular trypanosomes within the brain were seen (encephalitis), the latter was absent in group I. The impairment of the cardiac lymph flow is contributory to the development of pericarditis, valvulitis, myocytolysis, apical aneurysm as well as fibrosis, and it may well be a common denominator in the pathogenesis for cardiopathies induced by various pathogenes . PMID- 6673855 TI - [Treatment of human African trypanosomiasis]. AB - The melarsoprol is still the only active drug during the nervous stage of African human trypanosomiasis, its prescription still relies on empiric rules and because of its toxicity, it appears necessary to study in gaseous phase chromatography and mass spectrometry, its pharmacokinetic in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the patients at the evolutive stage of the illness. Because of the early penetration of the Trypanosoma into the central nervous system, new therapeutic investigations should only search molecules capable to pass through the blood brain barrier: this in unfortunately not always the case, the rifamycins diffusing easily into CSF, they seem to offer a reliable way of research. For these therapeutic investigations, sheep is an easy to handle experimental model and of a reasonable cost. PMID- 6673856 TI - [Epidemiologic concept of the prevention of leprous mutilations and surgery]. AB - The frequency of mutilations reaches about 20% to 30% of the tuberculoid or borderline forms owing to the evolution of leprosy neuritis and their aggravation when leprosy reactions occur. In fact, the determinant cause is the loss of sensitivity of the extremities, as a result of internal compression of nervous bundles, which is increased by traumas in articular movements, and mainly by the external compression in the bony canals, in hypertrophic neuritis. There are many propitious causes: exposure of the extremities to traumas which are related either to crafts or to walk, or to occupational traumas, and which are worsened by deformations and subacute infection. In intractable neuritis, hygiene, protection from traumas of the extremities (especially of the feet), treatment of paralyses, resection of bony prominences, in order to distribute pressions more equally, in spite of such care, only will be able to delay supervening of mutilations. The best technique of prevention is represented by early diagnosis and early treatment of leprosy and neuritis, for which retrospective epidemiological investigations should be carried out, in order to apply identifying the risk factors. PMID- 6673857 TI - [New epidemiologic data on meningococcal meningitis in tropical Africa]. AB - From recent data, the authors touch up the epidemiological features of meningococcal meningitis in tropical Africa, especially in Sudano -sahelian areas of countries included in the "Meningitis Belt". PMID- 6673858 TI - [Diagnosis of Vibrio cholerae in the laboratory]. AB - The authors describe a new specific and immunologic process for V. cholerae isolation. Specific anti-V. cholerae antibodies (specific IgG anti-fraction Ch 1 + 2) are sticked on magnetic beads. These beads are added to choleric stool. V. cholerae germs stick on the beads. These particles are drawn out of the mixture with the help of a magnet and laid on a Mueller-Hinton agar plate. Incubation is carried out for 18 hours. One drop of toluen is then added on the beads. Wells are sinked in the agar plate and filled with specific serum or antitoxin serum. 12 hours after, the appearance of a precipitation line, facing the specific serum, reveals the presence of toxinogen V. cholerae. PMID- 6673860 TI - [Epidemiologic study of intestinal helminthiasis in the valley of the Guerleo River (North Cameroon)]. AB - Prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis: 999 stool specimens are examined in 9 villages located in the valley of the Guerleo River. In this sample eggs of N. americanus are seen in 20.4% of the specimens, eggs of S. mansoni in 2.6%, T. trichiura in 2.0%, T. saginata in 1.4%, A. lumbricoides in 1.1% and H. nana in 0.6%. The prevalence of bilharziasis measured by means of the hemagglutination test using a S. mansoni antigen is 28.5% in the villages. It should be noticed that urinary bilharziasis too is frequently seen in the area. In the village of Madalam , where intestinal bilharziasis as the highest prevalence, B. pfeifferi are numerous in the Guerleo River close to the village. PMID- 6673861 TI - [Hydatic cyst of the pelvis. Failure of treatment with flubendazole]. AB - In a 54 year old, algerian male we found a inoperable hydatid disease of the pelvis. A treatment by flubendazole 4 g/day is started on February 1982. The patient presents a neck of the femur fracture, on April 1982; on September 1982 he had a myocardial infarctus and a second one in February 1983. On March 1983 he had a new femur fracture. The biological data show no difference in hypereosinophilia and serological exploration. In this case the result is poor. PMID- 6673859 TI - Immunopathologic aspects in human onchocercal lymphadenitis. AB - Lymph nodes (LN) from 50 patients with generalized onchocerciasis with or without diethylcarbamazine treatment and LN of patients with untreated localized onchocerciasis were studied. Light and electron microscopic examinations and immunostaining (PAP) were performed. In both forms of the disease the majority of microfilariae were degenerated and surrounded either by eosinophils or macrophages. In addition increased number of mast cells and plasma cells was observed. A direct contact between eosinophils and microfilariae, degranulation of eosinophils and free eosinophil granules in the electron dense material around the degenerating microfilariae were registered. The majority of plasma cells produced IgE or IgG. A positive staining for IgE was also present on the surface of mast cells. An extensive hyperplasia of the follicles was a characteristic feature in localized as well as treated generalized onchocerciasis. After anti IgE staining a heavy intercellular deposition suggesting trapping of immune complexes by dendritic reticular cells developed in the light parts of the germinal centres. Not seldom, IgE producing blast cells were found in the follicles. PMID- 6673862 TI - [Influence of alcohol drinking to cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 6673864 TI - [Epidemiologic study of multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis and polymyositis in the city of Kumamoto, Japan]. PMID- 6673865 TI - [Efficacy of alternate-day corticosteroid administration in the treatment of polymyositis]. PMID- 6673863 TI - [Electromyographic study on the arm tapping test]. PMID- 6673866 TI - [Two cases of myasthenia gravis with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism]. PMID- 6673868 TI - [Tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic system in Shy-Drager syndrome]. PMID- 6673867 TI - [Serum muscle-specific enolase levels in neuromuscular diseases--possibility as a new specific marker for muscular disorders]. PMID- 6673869 TI - [Case of distal lipoatrophy with canities, stunted somatic growth, painful muscle cramps and hypoplastic uterus]. PMID- 6673870 TI - [Periventricular lucency and electroencephalogram in aged patients with dementia]. PMID- 6673871 TI - [Clinical significance of immune complexes at the motor endplate in myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 6673872 TI - [Case of Villaret syndrome of unknown origin with a benign course--study on the putative foci and etiology]. PMID- 6673874 TI - [Clinical significance of the resection of pulmonary lesions in cryptococcal meningitis]. PMID- 6673873 TI - [Case of dysmorphic type of sialidosis: autonomic nervous system function and cerebral electrophysiological studies]. PMID- 6673875 TI - [Two cases of acute cerebellar ataxia associated with influenza B virus infection]. PMID- 6673876 TI - [Periodic EEG discharges in a case of cryptococcal encephalitis]. PMID- 6673877 TI - [Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous functions in hemispheric cerebrovascular disease]. PMID- 6673878 TI - [Clinical characteristics of vascular parkinsonism]. PMID- 6673879 TI - [Case of alexia with agraphia caused by hematoma of the right temporal lobe]. PMID- 6673880 TI - [Case of insulin autoimmune syndrome associated with prolonged CPK elevation]. PMID- 6673881 TI - Tamoxifen in the treatment of male breast carcinoma. AB - Twenty-four patients with advanced carcinoma of the male breast have been treated with tamoxifen citrate (Nolvadex). An objective regression rate of 37.5% was obtained, with five complete and four partial responses. In addition, two patients had stabilisation of their disease for 24 months each. Regression of disease was noted in soft-tissue disease, bone and lung metastases. The duration of response ranged from 8 months to 60 months with a mean of 21 months. In view of the singular lack of side-effects and the age group of the patients (mean age 63 years), it is suggested that tamoxifen should be the first line of endocrine therapy before orchidectomy or adrenalectomy. PMID- 6673882 TI - The management of craniopharyngioma. AB - Twenty-six patients with proven craniopharyngioma were treated between 1954 and 1977. Total surgical removal was achieved in three patients (11.5%). Tumour recurrence was inevitable following incomplete surgical removal alone. Fifteen patients received post-operative radiotherapy following incomplete surgical removal of the tumour and eight patients (54%) survived, recurrence-free, for 5 years or more. Post-operative radiotherapy, delivering a central target absorbed dose of 4500 cGy in 20 fractions over 28 days (1520 rets) or more, significantly improved the recurrence-free survival (P = 0.019) with minimal morbidity. Partial resection of recurrent tumour carried a high mortality rate. Minimal salvage surgery in the form of cyst aspiration sometimes resulted in worthwhile palliation. PMID- 6673883 TI - Evaluation of peripartum strokes by computed tomography. AB - Eleven women with peripartum strokes were evaluated by cranial computed tomography (CT). The interval between childbirth and the onset of symptoms varied from 1 day to 22 days. Computed tomography scans were done within 7 days of the onset of symptoms in six cases and in the remaining five cases on the 8th, 12th, 12th, 12th and 20th day, respectively. All CT scans were abnormal, 10 showing evidence of arterial infarction by low-attenuation lesions and only one of sino venous occlusion shown by a high-attenuating haematoma. PMID- 6673884 TI - Chest radiographic patterns following kerosene poisoning in Ghanaian children. AB - The appearances on chest radiographs following kerosene poisoning in 94 children are described. Fifty-eight were abnormal. The radiological patterns were differentiated into six groups, the commonest of which was perihilar infiltration and the least common basal change. The radiological manifestations may be seen as early as 2 h following kerosene poisoning. Ninety-six per cent of the pneumonitis resolved within 14 days. PMID- 6673885 TI - The radiological measurement of oesophageal stricture diameter. AB - A radiographic method of measuring the diameter of oesophageal strictures is described. Both a liquid bolus and a solid sphere were used. The measurements obtained were compared with measurements obtained at endoscopy. It is suggested that the most effective method is to determine the maximum size of barium sphere which will pass through a stricture. PMID- 6673886 TI - Surgical implications of stone impaction in the gall-bladder neck with compression of the common hepatic duct (Mirizzi's syndrome). AB - Four surgically proven cases of Mirizzi's syndrome are reported and the literature reviewed. The clinical presentation and radiological investigations are described and discussed. All four patients presented with right upper quadrant pain and progressive jaundice. Three patients reported intermittent chills and fever. The percutaneous transhepatic cholangiographic appearances in three cases were diagnostic of this condition. The diagnosis was not made in the fourth case. The important role of the cholangiographer in entertaining the diagnosis and alerting the surgeon to a difficult cholecystectomy is emphasised. PMID- 6673887 TI - Splenic abscess: a review with the value of ultrasound. AB - Five cases of splenic abscess are presented. A positive ultrasound diagnosis was made in each patient, showing a regular or ill-defined anechoic mass with large or small, high-intensity echogenic foci due to contained debris. Computed tomography performed in two cases showed intrasplenic low-density areas essentially unchanged following intravenous contrast administration. Gas was present in one of the abscesses. The clinical implications in a septicaemic patient with intrasplenic gas formation following splenic embolisation are discussed. PMID- 6673888 TI - Sonography as an aid to diagnosis of caecal carcinoma in the elderly. AB - Many elderly patients with suspected colonic neoplasm are referred to radiology departments for barium enema. Despite routine use of laxatives and colonic washouts and employment of antispasmodic drugs, problems occur with faecal residue and poor retention of barium. This may lead to inadequate demonstration of the caecum. Over a 6-month period sonography following the barium enema allowed a confident diagnosis of a caecal mass lesion to be made in five such patients, whose barium enema had been suspicious but suboptimal. It is suggested that in some patients sonography, where positive, may shorten and facilitate investigation. PMID- 6673889 TI - The role of decubitus films in double-contrast barium enemas. AB - Five hundred barium enemas were reviewed to find the influence of the decubitus films on the radiologist's report. In two cases they demonstrated abnormalities that had not been seen on any other film. In 21 out of 43 cases they resolved a diagnostic problem that had arisen when viewing the other films. They were of greatest value in differentiating possible polyps from faecal residue in patients with imperfect bowel preparation. PMID- 6673891 TI - Embolisation of hypernephromas: a simple technique using ethanol. AB - Experience of the embolisation of hypernephromas with 95% ethanol is described in 10 patients. An initial technique using 95% ethanol diluted with contrast has been modified. A single injection of 15 ml of undiluted 95% ethanol through a balloon occlusion catheter is now recommended. We conclude that this is a quick, easy and safe method of embolising hypernephromas. PMID- 6673890 TI - Spontaneous aorto-caval fistulae. AB - The clinical and radiological presentation of four cases of spontaneous aorto caval fistula is described. This is an unusual complication of an abdominal aortic aneurysm and presents with abdominal pain, a pulsatile abdominal mass and an abdominal bruit. Our cases illustrate the variable clinical presentation, outline the diagnostic difficulties and confirm the value of aortography. A possible role for the radiologist using a balloon catheter to close the fistula prior to surgery is suggested. PMID- 6673892 TI - Suprapelvic phleboliths: prevalence, distribution and clinical associations. AB - The preliminary radiographs of 783 patients undergoing excretory urography were prospectively surveyed for the presence of abdominally located phleboliths. Two per cent demonstrated typical densities in a periureteral distribution flanking the lumbar spine where they could be confused with ureteral calculi. All these patients were multiparous females and three-quarters of them had pelvic masses (11% of all patients with pelvic masses), suggesting a possible association with gonadal vein thrombi. Altered venous flow with dilatation of ovarian veins, consequent valvular incompetence and stasis may account for the gonadal vein distribution in the pelvic mass cases. Other observed clinical conditions included hepatic disease, portal hypertension and varices. Obstruction and stasis of venous flow in hepatic disease states may lead to phlebolith formation in gastric and mesenteric varices. Unlike pelvic phleboliths, suprapelvic phleboliths are infrequent but may be detected by careful inspection of low kilovoltage films, particularly in the regions closely flanking the lumbar spine. Their presence may be associated with pelvic masses or significant chronic hepatic disease and they may be confused on plain film with ureteral calculi. PMID- 6673893 TI - Infection and peripheral venous catheterization. AB - A prospective bacteriological and clinical study was carried out to determine the incidence of local and systemic infection associated with peripheral venous catheterization in a 630-bed general hospital with 24 hr intravenous team coverage. In all, 1,696 cannulas were obtained using standardized techniques and were cultured by a semiquantitative method on solid media. 41 cannulas (2.4%) yielded positive cultures (15 or more colonies). An additional 318 (18.8%) showed lesser growth indicative of contamination. No case of septicemia was encountered. Local signs of inflammation showed no correlation with positive cannula culture. The semiquantitative culture technique is easily performed and yields clear results. However, the upper limit for the number of colonies which should be regarded as contamination and criteria for phlebitis require further study. Although the infective risk of peripheral venous catheterization must not be ignored, an extremely low rate can be achieved with continuous IV team coverage and strict aseptic technique. PMID- 6673894 TI - Influenza B: hospital activity during a community epidemic. AB - During a community epidemic of influenza B, surveillance throat cultures for influenza were collected from febrile adult patients and hospital employees on three medical wards to determine the frequency and source of influenza among hospitalized patients. Twenty-five cases of influenza B (18.5% of febrile patients) were identified; no clusters of influenza-like illness occurred. The attack rate on two wards was 4.6%. Peak hospital influenza incidence followed that in the community by 1-2 weeks. Twelve of the cases were community-acquired and 13 were nosocomial. 75% of community-acquired cases had three or more common influenza B symptoms, compared with only 39% of nosocomial cases. A viral etiology of fever was suspected clinically in one-half of the cases, but influenza was specifically suspected in only one case. Two ill culture-positive nurses were identified on the job but no asymptomatic carriers were found among ward personnel. We conclude that influenza B cases were present among hospitalized patients in the absence of recognizable clusters of disease and that patients with community-acquired illness as well as nursing personnel may have introduced influenza into the hospital. Influenza B may be difficult to diagnose clinically in hospitalized patients, but viral throat cultures performed in all suspected cases should identify many infected patients. PMID- 6673895 TI - Rapid diagnosis of measles using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measles immunoglobulin M. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measles-specific immunoglobulin M (MIgM) was developed for use as a rapid diagnostic test for acute measles. A titer greater than or equal to 1:20 in both the acute and convalescent sera was present in 100% of patients with measles and was diagnostic of acute measles infection in children. Interference by rheumatoid factor (RF) was avoided by pretesting sera for RF and absorption with aggregated gamma globulin. Ion exchange separation of IgM and IgG should eliminate RF interference. The ELISA MIgM assay can easily be used in any laboratory for the serologic confirmation of measles infection. PMID- 6673897 TI - Bacterial flora of marine penetrating injuries. AB - Bacteriologic and clinical features of 28 cases of traumatic marine injuries are described. The most common bacterial isolates were normal skin bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and, in 11% of cases, Vibrio alginolyticus. All injuries responded to local wound care, and only half received antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6673896 TI - Aeromonas species in clinical microbiology: significance, epidemiology, and speciation. AB - Over a one-year period, 32 strains (31 clinical, 1 environmental) of Aeromonas sp. were recovered. Chief sources of isolation were the gastrointestinal tract (48%), wounds (19%), and blood (13%). Gastrointestinal isolates were most often recovered from young (less than 5 yrs) children with diarrhea; wound or blood isolates were recovered more often from an older (avg. 56 yrs) population with one of several underlying disorders. Regardless of body site of isolation, most strains of Aeromonas appeared to be community acquired and not nosocomially transmitted. Over 70% of all isolates recovered during this year period were isolated during summer or fall months, suggesting a seasonal distribution of this microorganism. Speciation of Aeromonas isolates revealed A. hydrophila to be the predominant species isolated from clinical specimens, although significant percentages of other Aeromonas sp. were also recovered from clinical material. PMID- 6673898 TI - Rapid determination of novobiocin susceptibility for the identification of Staphylococcus saprophyticus. AB - In order to provide a rapid presumptive identification of Staphylococcus saprophyticus, the Autobac MTS was investigated as a method of determining susceptibility to low concentrations of novobiocin. Novobiocin-sensitive strains showed an LSI of greater than or equal to 0.6 and a zone size of greater than or equal to 16 mm on Mueller-Hinton agar; resistant strains showed an LSI of less than or equal to 0.6 and no zone of inhibition. PMID- 6673899 TI - A comparative study of Lippes loop and Delta loop intrauterine devices in early postpartum. AB - Two IUDs (Delta loop, Lippes loop D) were randomly inserted in 260 postpartum women within 2-36 hours after delivery by uterine-packing forceps. The Delta loop was designed with the intention of lowering the expulsion rate compared with the standard Lippes loop. The analysis of the data indicated that the expulsion rate of the Delta loop was as high as the Lippes loop D at the one-month follow-up (Delta loop 24.1%, Lippes loop 23.9%). The comparison of other pertinent event rates also showed no significant differences. PMID- 6673900 TI - Norethisterone levels in maternal serum and milk after intramuscular injection of norethisterone oenanthate as a contraceptive. AB - There is concern that the breast-fed infant whose mother is receiving intra muscular progestogens for contraception will be exposed to significant quantities of the steroid. Norethisterone levels in maternal serum and milk were studied throughout an injection interval after intramuscular administration of 200mg norethisterone oenanthate. Milk samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of the feed. Norethisterone concentrations in milk were very much lower, but declined more slowly, than serum concentrations. Post-suckling concentrations were higher than pre-suckling concentrations. Experiments in adults receiving an oral dose of norethisterone in cow's milk comparable to that ingested by an infant in a day resulted in low serum levels. It is concluded that only very low concentrations of norethisterone would be present in the infant's circulation. PMID- 6673901 TI - Long-term effects of vasectomy. Part I: Biochemical parameters. An ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) Task Force Study on Regulation of Male Fertility (surgical approaches). AB - Two-hundred-sixty vasectomized industrial workers were randomly selected for the study group. An equal number of industrial workers were taken as matched controls. The results indicated that there was a decrease in the total low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and an increase in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, whereas triglycerides remained unchanged. The findings of the lipoprotein fractions corroborated well with the lipid parameters. Glucose level showed a significant decrease in the study group whereas uric acid levels remained unchanged. All the changes observed in biochemical parameters mentioned here were within the normal range. The percentage of abnormal electrocardiograms (ECG) did not show any difference between the 2 groups. Hence no adverse effects were noticed in any of the parameters studied following vasectomy. PMID- 6673903 TI - Effects of androgens on fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa. AB - The potential functions of testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, the androgens normally present in human seminal plasma, on human spermatozoal physiology were evaluated by studying the effects of these two steroid hormones on the in vitro fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa. Spermatozoa collected from presumably fertile men were washed in BWW medium and incubated with different concentrations (0, 100, 250, 500, 1000 pg/ml) of testosterone or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone for 5 hr before insemination of the zona-free hamster ova. Penetration of the zona-free hamster ova was scored 6 hr later and the results were analyzed statistically. Both testosterone and 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone, at the concentrations tested, significantly decreased the in vitro penetration of the denuded hamster ova in comparison to the controls (p less than 0.05). A dose-dependent response was also observed for the 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone tested. These findings indicate that exogenous testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone can inhibit the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa in vitro, and suggest that the androgens normally present in human seminal plasma may serve, in part, to prevent premature spermatozoal capacitation before the spermatozoa reach the site of fertilization in vivo. PMID- 6673902 TI - Billings natural FP method: correlation of subjective signs with cervical mucus quality and ovulation. AB - Daily self-appraisal of the degree of vulvar humidity sensation by highly motivated and trained volunteers was correlated to actual cervical mucus quality patterns and time of ovulation. Sixty-two ovulatory cycles were studied. Humidity degrees reported by the women showed a highly significant correlation with simultaneous values of cervical mucus spinnbarkeit and crystallization. On the other hand, ovulatory days were also closely related to the days reported with maximal (+++) humidity degree. In summary, the correct appraisal of vulvar humidity may provide consistent information on both cervical sperm penetrability and ovulation predictions; these in turn could complement each other in ascertaining the potentially fertile period of the cycle. PMID- 6673905 TI - Long-term effects of vasectomy. Part II: Immunological parameters. An ICMR Task Force study on regulation of male fertility (surgical approaches). AB - A cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the long-term immunological sequelae of vasectomy with respect to humoral response as well as the cell mediated immune response (CMI) to spermatozoa. In the humoral response, circulating immune-complexes (CICs) were also estimated and attempts were made to investigate whether the development of antibodies to spermatozoa had any association with the HLA system. Four different techniques, viz. tray agglutination test (TAT), spermatozoa immobilization test (SIT), cellular radioimmunoassay (CRIA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to estimate antibodies to spermatozoa. Serum samples were considered positive when at least two of the above mentioned techniques gave a positive response to spermatozoal antigens. The results indicated that 37.5% of the vasectomized men developed antibodies to spermatozoa. CICs were present in 12% of the vasectomized subjects and 4% of the controls. 59.3% of the vasectomized who showed the presence of CICs, were negative to the presence of antibodies to spermatozoa. The HLA antigen frequency in the vasectomized subjects did not differ in individuals with and without spermatozoal antibodies. The CMI response to spermatozoa was negative in vasectomized subjects. PMID- 6673904 TI - Influence of oral contraceptives on the incidence of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix. AB - The effect of oral contraceptive use on the development of severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma of the cervix was studied by a prospective longitudinal survey of 32,000 women. They were enrolled into the study between the ages of 15 and 39. Some had started oral contraceptive use before enrollment, others started after enrollment and some remained non-users throughout the study period. They were followed-up to 6-1/2 years. Analyses were performed on data from 24,784 women who met our criteria for incidence. Data were adjusted for years of follow-up, age at enrollment, age at first pregnancy, number of pregnancies, number of smears, and duration of use. PMID- 6673906 TI - The effect of alpha-chlorohydrin on the oxidation of fructose by rabbit spermatozoa in vitro. AB - (R,S)-alpha-Chlorohydrin inhibits the oxidative metabolism of fructose in mature rabbit spermatozoa in vitro. This effect is not noticeable at concentrations of the compound up to 10 mM, is evident at 50 mM but at 100 mM is apparently accompanied by cell damage. At a concentration of 50 mM, (R,S)-alpha-chlorohydrin causes the specific inhibition of the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and is metabolised by the spermatozoa to 3-chlorolactaldehyde of unknown configuration. Exogenous (R,S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde (5 mM and 10 mM) appears to inhibit glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in rabbit spermatozoa as well as affecting other metabolic pathways. The ineffectiveness of (R,S)-alpha chlorohydrin as an anti-fertility agent in male rabbits may be due to the inability of the spermatozoa to produce a sufficient amount of the inhibitory metabolite (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde. PMID- 6673908 TI - Cancer and sexual function. PMID- 6673907 TI - The effect of sex steroids and hormonal contraceptives upon thymus and spleen on intact female rats. AB - In view of a possible influence on oral contraceptives upon the immune system, the effect of chronic treatment of intact adult female rats with sex steroids and contraceptive preparations upon the thymus and the spleen was investigated. Daily injections with 10 micrograms estradiol, estradiol benzoate, or diethyl stilbestrol for 2 weeks resulted in a marked but reversible involution of the thymus, while the spleen was not affected. Androgens exerted a significant effect at a dose of 0.3 mg, and progestogens only when 2 mg were given. When various contraceptive preparations were injected for 4 weeks, there was a total involution of the thymus which persisted even 2 weeks after cessation of treatment. The effect appeared to be mainly due to the estrogenic component. Progestogens intensified the reduction of thymic weight only at higher doses. Histological examinations revealed that estrogen treatment alone resulted in a reduction of the cortex and a depletion of lymphocytes. When contraceptive preparations were administered, the medulla was also reduced, and both cortex and medulla were replaced by reticular and adipose tissue. The estrogen receptors of thymus cytosol showed dissociation constants between 0.34 and 0.49 nM in diestrous rats, progesterone-treated rats and ovariectomized rats, and binding capacities between 6.5 and 2.6 fmoles/mg protein. It remains, however, to be shown whether the estrogen-induced involution of the rat thymus may lead to an impairment of immune responses. PMID- 6673909 TI - Psychological reactions in younger women operated on for breast cancer. Amputation versus resection of the breast with special reference to body-image, sexual identity and sexual function. PMID- 6673910 TI - Female sexuality and crisis of mastectomy. PMID- 6673911 TI - "Leve som for" ("reach to recovery"). PMID- 6673912 TI - To be unreserved. PMID- 6673913 TI - Sexual function and somatopsychic reactions after vulvectomy. A preliminary report. PMID- 6673914 TI - Sexual dysfunction after treatment of cervical cancer. PMID- 6673915 TI - Intestinal stomas. PMID- 6673916 TI - Sex and cancer. PMID- 6673917 TI - [Clinical results of the use of the Army Health Services external fixation device. Apropos of 95 cases]. PMID- 6673918 TI - [ALJ external fixation apparatus. 1st clinical results of epiphysometaphyseal fractures treated with the external device]. PMID- 6673919 TI - [Perforated inflammatory pseudotumors of the ascending colon in the amebic patient]. PMID- 6673920 TI - [Possibilities offered by the free transplant over the extensor apparatus in knee ligament surgery]. PMID- 6673921 TI - [Inguinal hernioplasty with prosthetic interpositioning. Evaluation of 950 procedures, 226 of them for recurrence]. PMID- 6673922 TI - [Pyelocalicial retention syndrome in children. Apropos of 200 cases]. PMID- 6673923 TI - [Treatment of urinary incontinence of neurological origin by implantation of Scott's artificial sphincter. Apropos of 23 cases]. PMID- 6673924 TI - [Rectoplasty by posterior median perineal approach in the treatment of anorectal malformations]. PMID- 6673925 TI - [Results of Nissen's operation with pyloroplasty and surgical indications in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and hiatal hernia in infants and children. Apropos of 267 operations]. PMID- 6673926 TI - [Total traumatic section of the neck of the pancreas in children. Ideal surgical reconstruction. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6673927 TI - [Neonatal peritonitis caused by gastric perforation. Apropos of 21 cases]. PMID- 6673928 TI - [Light and electron microscopic observation of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma]. PMID- 6673929 TI - [Evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid hGH level in suprasellar extension of pituitary hGH-secreting tumor]. PMID- 6673930 TI - [Bromocriptine therapy of prolactinoma and hyperprolactinemia]. PMID- 6673932 TI - [Clinical analysis of ventricular tachyarrhythmia in 82 cases of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6673931 TI - [The relation between the cardiac work and attack of angina pectoris]. PMID- 6673933 TI - [Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis--analysis of 40 cases]. PMID- 6673934 TI - [Determination of zinc in gastric tissue, gastric fluids, plasma and urine in gastric cancer and non-cancer patients]. PMID- 6673935 TI - [Clinical observation on schistosomiasis japonica treated with amoscanate and phenithionate in a hyperendemic area]. PMID- 6673936 TI - [Pathologic study on 53 cases of schistosomiasis japonica with hepatitis B]. PMID- 6673937 TI - [Advances in pituitary cancer]. PMID- 6673938 TI - [Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava of the hepatic section]. PMID- 6673939 TI - [Treatment of severe digitalis intoxication with digoxin antibody]. PMID- 6673940 TI - [Differential diagnosis in 1,099 cases of common types of congenital heart diseases with left-to-right shunts based on the blood oxygen content]. PMID- 6673941 TI - [Clinical significance of blood zinc, copper, cadmium and magnesium determinations in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6673943 TI - [Serum cholesterol, triglyceride and beta-lipoprotein in healthy urban and rural inhabitants]. PMID- 6673942 TI - [Effects of higenamine on action potential in canine Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle]. PMID- 6673944 TI - [Plasma catecholamine in primary hypertension]. PMID- 6673945 TI - [A report of 100 cases of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage]. PMID- 6673946 TI - [Surgical treatment of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: report of 10 cases]. PMID- 6673947 TI - [Postoperative monitoring and management in 40 cases of rheumatic heart diseases after valve replacement]. PMID- 6673948 TI - [Cardiac echinococcosis]. PMID- 6673949 TI - [Non-cardiac surgery and myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6673950 TI - [Correlation between creatine kinase release and myocardial ultrastructural changes during anoxic perfusion of isolated rat heart]. PMID- 6673951 TI - [Experimental study on the inhibition of atherosclerosis by reserpine]. PMID- 6673952 TI - [A preliminary cytochemical study on lipid distribution in atherosclerotic lesions in human aorta]. PMID- 6673953 TI - [The cardiovascular effects of peruvoside and neriifolin in anesthetized dogs]. PMID- 6673954 TI - [Morphological study on the ventricular septum of Chinese]. PMID- 6673955 TI - A survey to assess passive case-finding in pulmonary tuberculosis in Kenya. PMID- 6673956 TI - Evaluation of maternal and child health services and nutrition status of under fives in Mwanza district, Malawi. PMID- 6673957 TI - Ten years of day-case herniorrhaphies in Nigeria. PMID- 6673958 TI - The tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes in the sleeping sickness epidemic area of Busoga, Uganda. PMID- 6673959 TI - Studies on scorpion stings. PMID- 6673960 TI - Comparative study on the teratogenicity of some antiepileptics in the rat. PMID- 6673961 TI - Hodgkin's disease in Kenya a histopathological and epidemiological study. PMID- 6673962 TI - Practical therapeutical drug quality control in Kenya--further observations. PMID- 6673963 TI - [In vivo effect of adrenaline on the monooxygenase system of isolated liver microsomes from the male rat]. PMID- 6673964 TI - [Level of biogenic monoamines in the brains of rats after subchronic flooding with salts of several heavy metals]. PMID- 6673965 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the ends of striated muscle fibers following denervation]. PMID- 6673966 TI - [Identification and immunochemical characteristics of an organ-specific antigen in the embryonic liver of the rat]. PMID- 6673967 TI - [Non-chromatin nuclear structures in thymus epithelial cells of the mouse after treatment with L-3,3,5-triiodothyronine]. PMID- 6673968 TI - [Adrenomimetic activity of a derivative of 2-aminotetralin]. PMID- 6673970 TI - 4-Amino-3-(3'-methoxycarbonyl-2'-thioureido)benzophenone, a prodrug of mebendazole. AB - The compound 4-amino-3-(3'-methoxycarbonyl-2'-thioureido) benzophenone has shown promise as a prodrug of the anthelmintic mebendazole. The compound is stable in acid and neutral media and is rapidly hydrolysed in base. An HPLC assay procedure for mebendazole, the prodrug and their known or expected metabolites and degradation products in aqueous media and rat blood has been developed. The prodrug administrated orally to rats is rapidly converted to mebendazole. The area under the blood level versus time curve of mebendazole, in rats dosed with the prodrug, is more than twice that obtained after dosing rats with an equimolar amount of mebendazole. Only the prodrug, mebendazole and known metabolites of mebendazole are detected in rats dosed with the prodrug. PMID- 6673969 TI - Effect of 1.1.1 trifluoro-N-(2-methyl-4-phenyl sulfonyl) methane sulfonamide (Destun 50WP) on rat hepatic microsomal enzymes, aniline hydroxylase and amino pyrine N-demethylase. AB - Investigations have been carried out to determine the effects of the herbicide 1.1.1 trifluoro-N-(2-methyl-4-phenyl sulfonyl) methane sulfonamide (Destun) on some hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes in rat. Administration of 100 mg herbicide/kg rat (i.p. or oral) resulted in a stimulation of aniline hydroxylase and p-aminopyrene N-demethylase activities by 1.3 fold and 1.6 fold respectively. A dose-related increase in enzyme activities was observed with a maximum effect at about 100 mg Destun/kg rat. The increased microsomal protein content, liver weight: body weight ratio and decreased sleeping time in the herbicide-treated animals indicated the possibility of Destun being an "inducer". Results of investigations on the kinetic properties of aniline hydroxylase and p aminopyrene-N-demethylase on administration of Destun suggests that in addition to its inducer effect, the herbicide could stimulate the enzyme activities by decreasing the affinity of these enzymes for their respective substrates. PMID- 6673971 TI - Excretion and metabolism of lorcainide in rats, dogs and man. AB - After p.o. or i.v. administration of 3H-lorcainide, excretion of the radioactivity was almost complete within four days. In rats and dogs, about 35% of the dose was excreted in the urine and about 60% in the faeces. However, in humans, 62% was excreted in the urine and 35% in the faeces. In rats, about 70% of the orally administered radioactivity was excreted in the bile within 24 hours. Enterohepatic circulation was proven by "donor-acceptor" coupling in rats. Lorcainide was extensively metabolized. Urinary and faecal metabolites were isolated by extraction and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and characterized by chromatographic comparison with reference compounds, by mass spectrometry, and NMR. The mass balance for unchanged lorcainide and its major metabolites (determined by radio-HPLC) was very similar in the urine and faeces. Only minor quantitative differences were observed between intravenously and orally dosed animals, and between male and female rats. Major biotransformation pathways in the three species were: hydroxylation, O-methylation and glucuronidation. 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-lorcainide was the main metabolite. alpha Oxidation resulting in alpha, 4-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-lorcainide, was observed in dogs only. Minor pathways were: oxidative N-dealkylation and amide hydrolysis. A remarkable 5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-metabolite was identified unambiguously in the three species. PMID- 6673972 TI - Mass spectral investigation of the metabolites of lorcainide in man. AB - [3H] Lorcainide hydrochloride was administered orally to healthy male volunteers. About 97% of the total radioactivity was excreted in the urine and faeces within four days of its administration. The metabolites were purified by adsorption chromatography, liquid-liquid extraction, thin layer chromatography or by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after silylation of the samples. When there was a sufficient amount available, the samples were submitted to a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The results were confirmed by comparison of spectral data obtained from the reference compounds. The major metabolites of lorcainide were formed by aromatic hydroxylation, O-methylation and oxidative N-dealkylation. The urinary phenolic metabolites were present both as free aglycons and conjugates. PMID- 6673973 TI - Urinary excretion kinetics of intact quinidine and 3-OH-quinidine after oral administration of a single oral dose of quinidine gluconate in the fasting and non-fasting state. AB - To obtain more precise urinary excretion data of intact quinidine (D) and its main metabolite, 3-OH-quinidine (DM), the specific HPLC method of Bonora et al has been used to follow its urinary excretion kinetics. In a cross-over study, 2 commercial dosage forms of quinidine gluconate, fast- and slow-release, were administered to 18 healthy subjects who had fasted for 10 hours in 3 treatments which were administered during the fasting period (T1), and before (T2) of after (T3) a standard breakfast. The urine was collected at fixed time intervals for 72 hours after the administration of a single dose (405 mg of quinidine base). The difference between the drug release characteristics of the two products was studied by analysing the cumulative amount of D and DM excreted as a function of time, and the time required to reach the maximum value for the urinary excretion rate of intact quinidine. A food effect could be noticed among treatments with the conventional fast-release dosage form when comparing the maximum values of the urinary excretion rate of D (T2 greater than T1). There was no significant difference in the percentage of drug absorbed from the 2 products, according to the data on the cumulative amount of D and DM. The parameters estimated for quinidine and the metabolite were: the apparent half-life of elimination, the urinary excretion rates and the time to reach a maximum value in the urinary excretion rate. The urinary excretion rate constant and the renal clearance were also quantified for quinidine by combining urinary parameters with the corresponding serum data previously reported. PMID- 6673974 TI - The metabolic and pharmacokinetic disposition of mebendazole in the rat. AB - The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mebendazole was studied in rats using [2' 3H]-mebendazole (biologically stable; specific activity 383.9 (mCi/mMol) and [2 14C]-mebendazole (specific activity 2.57 mCi/mMol). Analyses were performed by high pressure liquid chromatography and liquid scintillation spectrometry. About 85% of an intravenous dose was eliminated with the bile and the remainder with the urine. The majority of the dose was recovered as conjugated metabolites. The major metabolite (methyl-5(6)-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate) accounted for about 77% of the total recovered and 99% of it was conjugated. Anaerobic metabolism studies conducted in vitro with intestinal microorganisms obtained from rats indicated that metabolism of mebendazole did not occur in the gut, but that the intestinal microflora was able to hydrolyse conjugated metabolites which were eliminated with the bile. Mebendazole was found to have a biphasic elimination profile after intravenous administration. Its terminal plasma elimination half-life was 3.2 hours and its re-distribution half-life was 0.4 hour. After oral administration, as a solution in aqueous dimethyl sulphoxide, a bioavailability of 53% was obtained. PMID- 6673975 TI - The dispositional kinetics of phencyclidine and its N-ethylamine analogue in rats. AB - The uptake kinetics of [3H]-labelled phencyclidine (PCP) and N-ethyl-l phenycyclohexylamine (PCE) in rats, measured in terms of decreases in the blood concentrations of the drugs after i.v. administration of a single 1.09 mumol dose, were not significantly different. Within a week of administration, the rats excreted about 93% of the [3H]-PCP and about 65% of [3H]-PCE via their urine and faeces; their urine contained nore [3H], mainly as metabolites of [3H]-PCP and of [3H]-PCE, than their faeces. Similarly, more [3H] remained in the tissues of rats treated with [3H]-PCE than in the tissues of [3H4-PCP-treated rats. The fact that PCE is metabolized and excreted more slowly than PCP may account for the higher psychotropic effects of PCE. PMID- 6673976 TI - Estimation of the elimination half-life of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor cimoxatone in rat brain on the basis of ex vivo inhibition data. AB - Cimoxatone is a reversible mixed-type selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A. For a mixed-type inhibitor, it can be shown that (vo-vi)/Vi is proportional to the inhibitor concentration. This relationship has been used to estimate the t 1/2 of the elimination of cimoxatone in rat brain after a single dose of inhibitor. t 1/2 values, estimated with three monoamine oxidase substrates, were in the range 3.9-4.8 h, in reasonable agreement with t 1/2 values determined from the plasma and brain concentration/time curves of cimoxatone. PMID- 6673977 TI - The hydrolysis of estramustine phosphate; in vitro studies. AB - The hydrolysis of estramustine phosphate by enzymes of blood, liver, intestines and prostate of man, dog and rat was studied by using specific analytical methods for the parent compound and some of its metabolites. Estramustine phosphate was stable in blood and plasma of different species but rapidly dephosphorylated to estramustine by liver, intestinal and prostatic enzymes. The prostate was the most active tissue. The ester bond by which nornitrogen mustard is linked to estradiol-17-phosphate was slowly cleaved by enzymes from the liver and prostate of the rat, dog and man. The dog tissues were more effective than those of the rat and man. Intestinal enzymes also exhibited the ability to hydrolyze the carbamic ester, but to a greater extent in the rat than in the dog. It is concluded that, with regard to the metabolism of estramustine, the rat is more similar to man than is the dog. Possible clinical implications of the biotransformation of estramustine phosphate are discussed. PMID- 6673978 TI - Preliminary studies with azapropazone in gout and hyperuricaemia. AB - Eight patients with acute gouty arthritis were treated with high dose oral azapropazone 600 mg qds in an open study in order to evaluate its therapeutic potential in acute gout. The drug appeared to be as effective as previous agents used in the management of individual patient's acute gout with resolution of pain in 2-21 days, and it had a potent hypouricaemic and uricosuric effect. The uricosuric effect of azapropazone 300 mg qds and phenylbutazone 100 mg tds was compared in a seven day cross-over study in seven asymptomatic patients with gout and hyperuricaemia. Azapropazone had a more rapid uricosuric effect than phenylbutazone. There was a statistically significant fall in serum uric acid and rise in uric acid clearance 24 hours after starting azapropazone and 72 hours following phenylbutazone. PMID- 6673979 TI - Absorption and disposition of ibuprofen in hemodialyzed uremic patients. AB - The absorption and disposition of ibuprofen was investigated in seven hemodialyzed uremic patients. Ibuprofen (400 mg) was orally administered to each patient 1 hr or 4 hr prior to hemodialysis. Uremic patients appeared to absorb ibuprofen at a slower rate as compared to normal subjects. The hemodialysis systems used in this study yielded a mean extraction efficiency of 16.7% for ibuprofen, with a mean dialysis plasma clearance of 22.7 ml/min. The drug recovery resulting from hemodialysis represented a small fraction of the ingested dose of ibuprofen (less than 4%). The half-life of ibuprofen (1.3-1.9 hr) was not significantly altered by hemodialysis. Observations of extraction efficiency, drug recovery and half-life during dialysis suggested nondialyzability of ibuprofen, probably due to its extensive protein binding (approximately 90%). Uremic patients may require a comparatively longer time to achieve the therapeutic concentration attained in normal volunteers. However, dosage adjustment is not required once a regimen is implemented in uremia. PMID- 6673981 TI - Selective atrophy of the type IIb muscle fibers in rheumatoid arthritis and progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). A biopsy histochemical study. AB - We have examined biopsy material from the left m. vastus lateralis of eight patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and four patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). All were chosen according to the duration and the severity of disease, so that the broadest possible spectrum of signs and symptoms could be considered. Muscular specimens showed a selective and constant atrophy of the type IIB fibers, as revealed by the myofibrillar ATPase histochemical reaction (both at a pH of 9.4 and with pre-incubation at pH 4.35 and 4.63). Atrophy of the type I fibers was seen only occasionally. Neither structural abnormalities, such as 'motheaten' fibers, nor inflammatory reactions were observed. We think that (1) changes in skeletal muscles of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and progressive systemic sclerosis may be quite selective, and (2) the myopathy associated with rheumatoid arthritis can be differentiated from inflammatory myopathies, even in muscle biopsy specimens, on the basis of histoenzymologic investigations. PMID- 6673980 TI - Serum copper and caeruloplasmin are higher in seropositive than seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Increased serum copper (sCu) and alpha 2 caeruloplasmin (alpha 2 sCP) concentrations have been reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. Close parallel changes of sCu and alpha 2 sCP in rheumatoid arthritis have recently been observed by us in 30 subjects. The 'IgM rheumatoid factor positive (IgM-RF)' patients showed higher sCu and alpha 2 sCP concentrations when compared with 'IgM-RF negative'. Moreover a significant correlation was found between sCu alpha 2 sCP and other humoral indexes altered in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore it seems useful, as further index of inflammation, to test both sCu and alpha 2 sCP. PMID- 6673982 TI - Adrenal response in rheumatoid arthritis treated with long-term steroids. AB - Twenty eight patients who received corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis for at least five years were studied. Short synacthen tests were carried out in twenty two of these patients and twelve showed a subnormal response. This response was unrelated to initial or present dose, duration of treatment or activity of disease. Ten patients accepted our offer of steroid reduction. Reduction proved difficult because of patient resistance although the only index of inflammation to worsen was the articular index. We postulate that patient resistance to withdrawal may be due to some factor other than the loss of the anti-inflammatory effect of corticosteroids. PMID- 6673983 TI - Steroid-sparing action of flurbiprofen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis: a nine-week study. AB - Thirty out-patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged from 3 yrs. (+/- 0.5 SEM) were included in a between-patient controlled trial comparing effectiveness and safety of flurbiprofen 300 mg daily and indomethacin 150 mg daily. The duration of the treatment was nine weeks. Both drugs allowed to reduce the initial dose of corticosteroids administered (-21% on flurbiprofen and -12% on indomethacin) and were effective in improving clinical signs of the disease such as number of swollen joints, grip strength, articular index and morning stiffness. Flurbiprofen was better tolerated (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6673984 TI - Perna canaliculus in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Freeze-dried extracts of the New Zealand green lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus, have been promoted extensively as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis for some years though there have been few published trials of its effectiveness. Our study was designed to test the ability of the mussel extract to relieve the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis as both a supplement and an alternative to orthodox anti inflammatory medication. PMID- 6673985 TI - A double blind study of antrafenine, naproxen and placebo in osteoarthrosis. AB - Antrafenine, a new non-narcotic analgesic, has been compared at a dose of 600 mg/day to naproxen 500 mg/day and placebo in a double blind three way cross-over study on 36 patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip and/or knee. There was significant improvement with both active drugs. There was no significant difference between the two active drugs. Patients' preference at the end of the study was antrafenine 7, naproxen 10, placebo 2, no preference 9.3 patients withdrew because of concomitant illness; 2 patients withdrew because of lack of efficacy in the placebo period; 3 patients failed to attend clinic. Antrafenine is more efficacious than placebo in the treatment of osteoarthrosis of the hip and/or knee, and at the doses tested, is of comparable potency to naproxen. PMID- 6673986 TI - Once-a-day treatment for arthritis. A comparison. AB - The three currently available once-a-day treatments for osteoarthritis were compared in a double blind crossover trial. 90 patients received benoxaprofen 600 mg daily, slow-release indomethacin (Indocid-R) 75 mg daily and piroxicam 20 mg daily for three weeks each. The three compounds were comparable in efficacy. Benoxaprofen caused more side effects than the other two drugs and slow-release indomethacin caused slightly more than piroxicam. Despite the greater incidence of side effects, a number of patients still preferred benoxaprofen and elected to continue taking it. Individual preference remains the most important factor in choosing an anti-inflammatory drug for osteoarthritis. PMID- 6673987 TI - Age-differences in choline acetyltransferase activities and muscarinic receptor binding in brain regions of C57BL/6J mice. AB - Muscarinic receptor binding and choline acetyltransferase, (ChAT, EC.2.3.1.6.) activity were assayed in four brain regions of C57BL/6J mice of four ages (4, 12, 18, and 24 months). In the cerebellum, there were no age differences in either of the cholinergic markers. However, significant age differences were noted in the Vmax for ChAT and in the Bmax for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ( [3H]QNB) in the cortex, striatum and hippocampus. Increases were noted in Vmax of the synthetic enzyme in all three regions and for Bmax in the hippocampus. Bmax for [3H]QNB decreased in the cortex and striatum. The high- and lower-affinity muscarinic binding constants, the percentage of muscarinic binding to high affinity sites determined by carbamylcholine displacement of [3H]QNB, as well as the affinities of ChAT for acetyl coenzyme A and choline chloride showed no age differences in any brain region. PMID- 6673988 TI - Differential effects of dietary caloric and protein restriction in the aging rat. AB - Numerous studies have shown caloric restriction retards the physiological decline and increases the life span of animals. However, in these studies protein consumption was also reduced; thus, whether the beneficial effects were due to caloric or to protein restriction is unclear. To examine independently the effects of caloric and protein restriction on growth, renal function, and survival, caloric restricted male rats were fed 18, 30 or 42 percent casein diets that provided two-thirds of the quantity of diet consumed by groups fed 12, 20, or 28 percent casein diets ad libitum, respectively. Hence, caloric restricted groups consumed the same amount of protein as their paired ad libitum fed groups but one-third fewer calories. The results showed that caloric restriction decreased mature body weight, increased the rate of attaining mature body weight, retarded the age-associated decline in renal function, and increased survival. Protein restriction had no effect on mature body weight, decreased maturation rate, improved renal function, and decreased survival. Thus, protein restriction did not contribute to the survival-promoting effects of caloric restriction in rats. PMID- 6673989 TI - Age-dependent changes of protein structure. The properties of young and old rabbit aldolase are restored after reversible denaturation. AB - The significantly increased helical content is observed in muscle aldolase molecule of old rabbits. The unfolding and refolding of protein conformation followed by circular dichroism, fluorescence and enzyme activity showed the recovery of initial conformation after the denaturation. The protein folds into the form that existed prior to denaturation--"young" into "young" and "old" into "old"--the conformational differences between them being restored. This suggests that the primary structure modifications prior to the folding of the native protein conformation are the origin of the age-dependent differences of aldolase structure and function. PMID- 6673990 TI - Age-related changes in sulfation of basement membrane glycosaminoglycans. AB - Alterations in heparan sulfate, the principal glycosaminoglycan species in glomerular basement membrane, have been proposed as contributory to permeability changes in nephropathic disorders. In the present study, the extent of sulfation of glycosaminoglycans isolated from pronase digests of human glomerular basement membrane, obtained from subjects 15-89 years old, was examined. The sulfate to hexuronic acid ratio significantly diminished as a function of increasing age. These results suggest that decreased sulfation of glycosaminoglycans and consequent reduction in net negative charge alters permselective properties of the glomerular basement membrane with aging. PMID- 6673991 TI - Age and oxygen toxicity related fluorescence in the honey bee thorax. AB - The blue fluorescent material in thoraxes of honey bees of known adult age from eclosion to 28 days was measured. The amount was greater in older insects and exposure to ozone (ppm) augmented the rate of accumulation. The nearly constant daylight flying by the bees and the ozone effect suggest radical peroxidative origin of the fluorescence. The material was partially purified by chromatography. It is a relatively non-polar lipid. PMID- 6673992 TI - Oblique effects, vertical effects and meridional amblyopia in monkeys. AB - Orientation anisotropies were investigated for monkeys with normal visual acuity and for monkeys with experimentally induced amblyopia. It was found that the majority of control monkeys showed a normal oblique effect if any existing refractive errors were carefully corrected, but a few of the control monkeys had a meridional amblyopia, i.e., an orientation anisotropy in which the grating orientation for the greatest and lowest contrast sensitivities were correlated with the principal meridians of an astigmatic refractive error even when the refractive error was corrected. For monkeys with strabismic amblyopia caused by a surgically induced divergent strabismus, the orientation anisotropies showed a vertical effect in which contrast sensitivity was lower for vertically oriented gratings than for horizontally oriented gratings. However, monkeys with the same degree of amblyopia resulting from experimental procedures that did not involve a misalignment of the visual axes showed orientation anisotropies that corresponded to the usual oblique effect. PMID- 6673993 TI - Morphophysiological study on the divergent projection of axon collaterals of medial vestibular nucleus neurons in the cat. AB - (1) Spikes of single neurons were extracellularly recorded in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) in decerebrate cats and were functionally identified as secondary type I neurons by observing their responses to horizontal rotation and monosynaptic activation after stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve. Axonal projection of these neurons was examined by their antidromic responses to stimulation of the contralateral abducens nucleus, the spinal cord, and the ascending and descending MLF. (2) Almost all secondary type I vestibular neurons which sent their axon to the contralateral abducens nucleus were antidromically activated from the descending MLF at the level of the obex as well. Nearly half of these neurons sent their collateral axon to the level of C1 segment in the spinal cord and approximately one third to the ascending MLF close to the oculomotor complex. (3) The mean conduction velocity was 29 m/s for descending collateral axons and 30 m/s for ascending collateral axons. (4) Systematic tracking for antidromic microstimulation in the contralateral abducens nucleus and spinal gray matter at C2-C3 suggested that collateral axons of single type I vestibular neurons gave off local branches in the abducens nucleus and the motoneuron pool in the upper cervical gray matter. Existence of terminal branches in the neck motoneuron pool was confirmed by intraaxonal staining with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). (5) Neurons which projected to both the contralateral abducens nucleus and the spinal cord were located in a fairly localized region in the ventrolateral part of the rostral MVN. Neurons which projected to the contralateral abducens nucleus and not to the spinal cord were located in a rostrocaudally wider area in the ventrolateral MVN. Neurons projecting to the spinal cord and not to the contralateral abducens nucleus were located in the widest area in the rostrocaudal direction, covering almost the whole extent of the rostral half of the MVN. PMID- 6673994 TI - Eye and neck motor signals in periabducens reticular neurons of the alert cat. AB - The purpose of this work was to search for neurons in the ponto-medullary reticular formation which can carry horizontal eye position signals to dorsal neck muscles of the cat. The recordings were localized in an area of the ponto medullary reticular formation which contains reticulo-spinal neurons projecting to the neck (Peterson et al. 1980). Experiments were performed on alert, head fixed cats. Eye movements were measured by the search-coil technique. Neuronal activity was recorded extracellularly with glass microelectrodes. Neurons were localized both by stereotaxic coordinates and by their position with respect to the antidromic field potential profile of the abducens nucleus. EMG of longissimus capitis, obliquus capitis and splenius muscles were recorded. Vestibular stimulation was produced by a turn-table. Reticular cells were found below the abducens nucleus (1 to 3.5 mm below the center of the nucleus, A.P.:5.3 to 7.2 mm;L: 1 to 1.5 mm) showing a firing rate closely related to EMG during spontaneous saccades and, to a variable degree, to the ipsilateral horizontal component of eye position. 'Tonic' and 'burst-tonic' cells were found. During vestibular stimulation, the firing rate kept the same relationship with eye position and neck EMG. It is concluded that the analyzed reticular cells are good candidates to be reticulo-spinal neurons which mediate a signal allowing a synergistic movement of head and eye during orientation in the horizontal plane. PMID- 6673995 TI - Central localisation of somatic evoked responses in Landes goose. AB - The central localisation of responses to stimulation of different peripheral somatic areas was studied in anaesthetised geese of the Landes breed. Natural (light touch, tap) and electrical stimuli were applied. In the first experiments the changes in the spontaneous activity following natural stimuli were recorded systematically from different brain regions. In the following experiments evoked potentials were recorded from responsive sites. The majority of the somatic responses were localised in the paleostriatum augmentatum, the neostriatum and the neostriatum caudale. Stimulation of the bill and the head elicited responses in tractus quinto-frontalis, paleostriatum augmentatum, neostriatum and neostriatum caudale while activation from the body were mainly localised in neostriatum caudale and paleostriatum augmentatum. Responses to photic stimulation were recorded from the visual wulst, the stratum opticum and the nucleus rotundus. Auditory stimuli were found to be ineffective under our recording conditions. These results are discussed and compared with previous data obtained in other species. PMID- 6673996 TI - The vestibulo-ocular reflex arc in the newborn kitten. An electrophysiologic investigation. AB - Field potentials and postsynaptic potentials were recorded in the vestibular and abducens nuclei and neurons following vestibular nerve stimulation in anesthetized newborn kittens (within 72 h after birth). Stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve evoked an initial P wave and an N1 field potential in the vestibular nuclei. No N2 potential was evoked. Latencies of the peak of the P wave, the onset and the peak of the N1 potential were 0.99 +/- 0.16 ms, 1.66 +/- 0.18 ms, and 2.51 +/- 0.23 ms, respectively. Ipsilateral vestibular nerve stimulation evoked monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and polysynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in vestibular nuclear neurons. Stimulation of the contralateral vestibular nerve evoked polysynaptic IPSPs in vestibular nuclear neurons. In abducens motoneurons, ipsilateral vestibular nerve stimulation evoked monosynaptic EPSPs and disynaptic IPSPs; contralateral vestibular nerve stimulation produced disynaptic EPSPs. We conclude that short circuit pathways of the vestibulo-vestibular and vestibulo-ocular reflex arc are present in the kitten already at birth. PMID- 6673997 TI - Topographic studies on visual neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the monkey. AB - The topographic distribution and organization of visual neurons in the prefrontal cortex was examined in alert monkeys. The animal was trained to fixate straight ahead onto a tinty, dim light spot. While he was fixating, we presented a stationary second light spot (RF spot) at various locations in the visual field and examined unit responses of the prefrontal neurons to the RF-spot stimulus. Many prefrontal neurons, especially those located in the relatively superficial layers of the cortex, responded with a phasic and/or tonic activation to the RF spot illuminating a limited extent of the visual field, a receptive field (RF) being so determined. The visual neurons were found to be widely distributed in the prearcuate and inferior dorsolateral areas. One hemisphere mainly represented the contralateral visual field. According to the location of the neurons in these areas, their visual properties varied with respect to RF eccentricity from the fovea and in size. The neurons located in the lateral part of the areas and close to the inferior arcuate sulcus had relatively small RFs representing the foveal and parafoveal regions. When the recording site was moved medially, the RFs became eccentric from the fovea and were larger. Then, the neurons located between the caudal end of the principal sulcus and the arcuate sulcus had RFs with a considerable eccentricity. The size of the RF became progressively larger for anteriorly located neurons and this occurred generally without a change in RF eccentricity. The visual neurons were not organized on a regular pattern in the cortex with regard to their RF direction (vector angle) from the foveal region. From these observations, we conclude, first, that the prearcuate and inferior dorsolateral areas of the prefrontal cortex are functionally differentiated so that the lateral area's function is related to central vision, while that of the medial area to ambient vision. Second, the RF representation on the cortex with loss of the vector relation may generate an interaction between separate objects in visual space and may subserve the control of attention performance. PMID- 6673998 TI - Motor representation in the rostral portion of the cat corpus callosum as evidenced by microstimulation. AB - In six chronic cats experiments were carried out to examine the motor effects elicited by microstimulation of the rostral portion of the corpus callosum (CC) which contains fibres interconnecting the motor cortices of the two hemispheres. Serial dorso-ventral penetrations were stereotaxically performed along the rostro caudal extent of the CC at 0.25-0.5 mm intervals. Motor responses, consisting of very discrete contractions of shoulder, whisker and eyelid muscles, were obtained upon stimulation of about the most rostral 4 mm at intensities lower than 50 microA. At threshold the responses appeared in only one body region and were often unilateral. A light increase in current gave rise to symmetrical bilateral effects. Thresholds were the lowest in the middle of CC and gradually rose towards its dorsal and ventral surfaces. In the course of a penetration an effect once elicited persisted until either the threshold became higher than 50 microA or the ventral edge was reached. All motor effects had thresholds higher than 10 microA. Contractions of shoulder, whisker and eyelid muscles at a threshold lower than 20 microA were obtained in 62.7%, 25.7% and 54.3% of penetrations, respectively. Shoulder and eyelid muscles were represented in the rostral and caudal half of the effective zone, respectively, whereas the representation of whisker muscles overlapped with the other two in the rostral third or the middle part of the effective zone. Single fibres driven by palpation of muscles responding to microstimulation or by movements of the joint mobilized by microstimulation were found at the most rostral sites, whereas units responding to hair displacement over or around the affected muscles were isolated mainly at the most caudal sites. It was inferred that functionally homogeneous callosal fibres are clustered in bundles arranged in dorso-ventrally oriented laminae. The somatotopic representation of the motor effects elicited by microstimulation along the rostro-caudal extent of the effective zone should be the consequence of the serial arrangement of these partially overlapping laminae. PMID- 6673999 TI - Unilateral behavioural thermosensitivity after transection of one lateral funiculus in the cervical spinal cord of the cat. AB - Cats were trained to discriminate temperature increases or decreases with the paws of one body half in a T-maze. The discriminatory proficiency was found to be inferior compared to cats who may use all four paws. The accomplishments of cats discriminating temperature decreases were superior to those of cats discriminating temperature increases. After transection of one lateral funiculus at the fifth cervical segment all of the cats lost the ability to discriminate temperatures with the contralateral paws. No thermosensory deficiency of the ipsilateral paws was observed. Five out of six cats recovered some ability to discriminate temperature differences with the contralateral paws, but no cat regained its preoperative proficiency within more than one and a half years postoperatively. The findings are taken to indicate the existence of more than one spinal, ascending, thermosensory pathway in the cat. PMID- 6674000 TI - The capacity for generation of rhythmic oscillations is distributed in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the cat. AB - (1) Pinna stimulation evoked rhythmic oscillations in the spinal cord of the decerebrate curarized cat ("fictitious" scratch reflex). The role of different spinal segments in generation of these oscillations was studied. For this purpose, destruction of the grey matter of one or of several spinal segments was performed. Besides, different numbers of caudal segments were disconnected from the rest of the cord by cooling the lateral surface of the cord. ENGs muscle nerves and activity of spinal neurons were recorded. (2) Different parts of the lumbosacral spinal cord, i.e. the L3 and L4 segments disconnected from the caudal part of the cord as well as the isolated L5 segment, are capable of generating rhythmic oscillations with a frequency (3-4 Hz) typical of the scratch reflex. (3) Rhythmic activity of the more caudal segments (L6-S1) usually appears only provided the rostral segments (L3-L5) generate rhythmic oscillations. However, when the dorsal surface of the L6-S1 segments is cooled, pinna stimulation evokes rhythmic activity in these segments earlier than in the L3-L5 segments. (4) The hypothesis is advanced that the L3-L5 segments are the "leading" ones, i.e., they determine the rhythm of activity in the whole spinal hindlimb centre. PMID- 6674002 TI - [Chorionic gonadotropins and placental lactogen in pregnancy maintenance and maternal-fetal relationship]. PMID- 6674001 TI - Imprinting in the domestic chick: the role of each side of the hyperstriatum ventrale in acquisition and retention. AB - Previous experiments have shown that the acquisition of a preference through imprinting is impaired if part (IMHV) of the hyperstriatum ventrale is destroyed bilaterally before chicks are exposed to a visually conspicuous (training) object. The present experiments were undertaken to determine (i) whether the acquisition of a preference for the training object is possible with only one IMHV intact and, if acquisition is possible, (ii) whether destruction of this IMHV impairs retention. Chicks were hatched and reared in darkness to congruent to 12 h posthatch. The chicks were then anaesthetised and a lesion placed in (i) the left IMHV (N = 12 chicks), (ii) the right IMHV (N = 12), (iii) the left hyperstriatum accessorium (HA) (N = 12) or (iv) the right HA (N = 12). There were 48 sham operated controls. Approximately 24 h after the operation chicks were exposed to the training stimulus. Their approach to this stimulus and to a second, novel stimulus were then measured and a preference score calculated. All five groups of chicks preferred the training stimulus and the magnitude of the preference was similar in all groups. To determine whether the IMHV region which had been intact during training was essential for retention, all chicks were anaesthetised for a second time, congruent to 20 h after the end of training. The remaining IMHV region was then destroyed. Approximately 28 h later the chicks' preferences were again measured. The sham operated and HA lesioned chicks continued strongly to prefer the training stimulus, but the birds lesioned in IMHV showed no such retention, the preference score of the IMHV chicks being significantly lower than that of the sham operated and HA lesioned chicks. The order in which the right and left sides were destroyed did not significantly influence the preference score; this result was true both for IMHV and for HA chicks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674003 TI - [Activation and regulation of vitamin D in pregnancy, fetus and newborn infant, with special reference to the etiology of rickets]. PMID- 6674004 TI - [Oxytocin levels in placenta, maternal and fetal blood]. PMID- 6674005 TI - Ectopic pregnancy: a seven-year survey. AB - Seventy-five patients with ectopic pregnancy were treated at Jordan University Hospital (JUH) during a 7-yr period from January 1976 to December 1982. The ratio of ectopic pregnancies to deliveries was 1 to 162. The most common symptoms were: abdominal pain, 96%; amenorrhea, 69.3%; vaginal bleeding, 60%. No patients with pelvic inflammatory disease were found. An intrauterine contraceptive device was present in 14.6% of the patients and 10.6% of the cases had previous pelvic surgery. Culdocentesis gave false negative results in 16.7% of the patients. The treatment of choice was salpingectomy. There were no maternal deaths in this series. PMID- 6674006 TI - The interaction between cervix and corpus uteri in the generation of intra amniotic pressure in labour. AB - Theoretically, the response of the cervix to myometrial activity should affect the intra-amniotic pressure waveform. Clinical assessment of cervical response, in 80 induced labours, has been correlated with various waveform parameters. More abrupt and more rapid rises in intra-amniotic pressure are associated with the non-responding cervix. The clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 6674007 TI - Fetal growth retardation in gestational hypertension: relationships with blood pressure levels and the time of onset of hypertension. AB - To evaluate the effects of gestational hypertension on fetal growth, we studied the standardized records of 2996 single live-birth pregnancies. Mothers all had documented diastolic blood pressure of less than 85 mmHg before the 16th wk of amenorrhea and no history of pre-pregnancy hypertension or kidney disease. Diastolic blood pressure readings exceeding 84 mmHg were found later in pregnancy in 38.4% of the mothers, and were associated with an increased number of small for gestational-age infants: 3.2% in mothers whose diastolic blood pressure had never reached 85 mmHg, 6.3% when peak diastolic blood pressure had been in the 85 94 mmHg range, and 8.5% when it had exceeded 94 mmHg (p less than 0.01). In mothers who had had one or more diastolic readings of more than 84 mmHg, and for all peak diastolic pressures, the rate of small-for-gestational-age infants was higher when hypertension had begun early in third trimester (between the 27th and 36th wk), than in the second trimester or later than the 35th wk (10.2% compared to 5.6 and 6.1% respectively, p = 0.02). This temporal reinforcement of the adverse fetal effects of hypertension when it began in the early third trimester was not explained by differences in the incidence of proteinuria or in maternal age, parity, obstetric history or smoking habits. PMID- 6674009 TI - Follicular fluid steroid levels and ovarian steroid secretion in polycystic ovarian disease. AB - Comparison of the plasma levels of steroids between ovarian and peripheral venous blood in polycystic ovarian disease revealed that polycystic ovaries secreted androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and 17 hydroxyprogesterone significantly more than healthy ovaries at the early follicular phase of the cycle, whereas the levels of estradiol and progesterone did not differ from the control values. Follicular cyst fluid from polycystic ovaries showed significantly higher concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione jand dehydroepiandrosterone and much lower levels of estrone, estradiol, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone than follicular fluid from healthy preovulatory follicles. Testosterone and estradiol did not, however, show any significant difference when follicles in polycystic ovaries were compared to those in healthy ovaries at early follicular phase of the cycle. According to these findings follicle development in polycystic ovaries is arrested at a stage corresponding to the early follicular phase of the cycle. Increased androgen and 17-hydroxyprogesterone secretion by polycystic ovaries seems to originate mainly from the hyperplastic theca interna cells. PMID- 6674008 TI - Neonatal outcome in infants of epileptic mothers. AB - The effect of epilepsy and anti-epileptic treatment on neonatal outcome was investigated in 86 pregnancies terminating in delivery. Various maternal and neonatal parameters were considered. Each infant born to an epileptic mother was double-matched with two infants born to healthy mothers and the results were submitted for statistical analysis. Infants of epileptic mothers had smaller head circumference. Primidone was the only anti-epileptic drug, taken during pregnancy, to have a significant effect on infant head circumference. The results suggest that a drug effect, rather than an association with maternal epilepsy, is responsible for this difference. Hypertelorism is the only congenital anomaly to be significantly more frequent in newborns of epileptics. All drugs, except for primidone, were associated significantly with this anomaly. Further similar studies and prolonged follow-up of the infants of epileptic mothers are necessary before drawing any final conclusions regarding the outcome of these infants. PMID- 6674011 TI - [Unfolding of the brain and secondary mandibular joint and face development in mammals: a synergetic and synchronous event]. AB - The connection of phylogenesis and ontogenesis is discussed in terms of the interdependence of the development of face, secondary mandibular joint, and brain. The results show that phylogenesis can be explored from preadaptations which become functionally effective during ontogenesis. Therefore phylogenetically "old" functions will not be eliminated but functionally changed and then integrated into new ones. This is discussed as "synergetic events". Changes in the genetic material cannot be correlated with these functional changes, they are acausally connected. This is termed "synchronizition". Synergetic and synchronistic events together cause new functions thus forming archetypical organisms continuing evolution. It is further discussed that the essential role of ontogenesis during phylogenesis could be facilitated by an immaturity of the genome in the early embryological stages. PMID- 6674010 TI - [Functional relations of the adrenal cortex, thyroid and pineal body. II. Adrenal cortex reaction following epiphysectomy and administration of melatonin]. AB - Histologic-cytological and morphometrical changes were investigated in the adrenal cortex of male Wistar-rats following pinealectomy and application of melatonin in eu-, hypo-, and hyperthyroid situations. A rat experiment (at an average of 45 d) to find a possible functional connection between the pineal gland and the adrenal cortex was carried out. In the literature, there are only a few of informations about the role of the pineal in regulating ACTH secretion. The results are very contrarily. We found that pinealectomy is connected with a progressive transformation and melatonin with a little regressive transformation in the adrenal cortex. But, it is not evident, that the glomerular zone is activated after both pinealectomy and application of melatonin. In our opinion, the glomerular zone and the secretion of aldosterone increased after as well pinealectomy as melatonin. Application of melatonin diminishes the function of the pineal gland (see group 4-pinealectomy plus melatonin-where was found a progressive transformation). Under these experimental conditions, one can speak of a "pharmacological pinealectomy" after application of melatonin alone. However, the effect of melatonin on the fascicular zone and the glomerular zone is different. The effects of pinealectomy or application of melatonin in combination with methylthiouracil or thyroxin are relatively unimportant. PMID- 6674012 TI - An effect of low temperatures on the morphological picture of the rabbit tongue mucosa. Part I. AB - Observations were made of the morphological picture of the rabbit tongue mucosa subjected to cryoapplication. Haematoxylin and eosin staining method showed tissue damage with a variable degree of necrosis varying in its extent in relation to the time of freezing and the term of taking samples for biological examination. Experiments with the animals permitted to estimate primary symptoms of tissue cryodestruction as well as a damage depth in the tongue mucosa. PMID- 6674013 TI - [Integration of the Ludwig v. Bertalanffy's growth differential equation. I]. AB - The growth differential equation of v. BERTALANFFY, (formula; see text) has no closed (analytic) general solution for any given values of m and n. Only for n = 1 and any m, the v. BERTALANFFY's equation is a BERNOULLI's one which is soluble without difficulties. If m and n both are rational numbers, the equation is soluble in all cases but the integrals are members of very different classes. In this paper, some methods are demonstrated to integrate the equation for rational m and n if delta = m - n = 1 up to the exponents' denominator four. For any numerically given real m, n, the transformation of CONTE may render possible to find a reduced form of the primarily given equation which can be solved by a range of analytical terms. PMID- 6674015 TI - [Annual meeting of the Bavarian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Austrian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics. June 1983, Velden am Worthersee]. PMID- 6674016 TI - [Uterine carcinoma]. PMID- 6674017 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis]. PMID- 6674014 TI - [Reissner's fiber in the central canal of primate spinal cord]. AB - The Reissner's fibre (RF) in the canalis centralis of the spinal cord was studied with the aid of transmission and scanning electron microscope in Tupaia, Cebus, Sarmiri, Macaca, Alouatta, Ateles, Callithrix and Callicebus. The RF of the primates is structurally not different from the corresponding structure of other chordates. The diameter of the RF is slightly increasing in the canalis direction. The increase of the diameter varies between 2 and 5 micron. It is assumed that the increase is brought about by the inclusion of cell debris into the fibre. Material which definitely does not belong to the RF is found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the canalis centralis and occasionally it adheres to the surface of the fibre. This material appears either as amorphous flocculent substances, the granulation of which differs in both density and size of the granula or as vesicles. If the material makes contact with the RF, a membrane like structure may appear which is a condensation restricted to the area of the contact between material of different viscosity and granulation. The origin of this variable material is still not clarified. According to our observations, it is probably sequestrated material from ependymal cells. It is not a secretion as sometimes assumed since the intracellular processes of the synthesis of the secretion have not been observed. PMID- 6674018 TI - [Asphyxia]. PMID- 6674019 TI - [Swiss Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Report of the annual meeting 23-25 June 1983, Lausanne]. PMID- 6674020 TI - [Choice of combination therapy in ovarian carcinoma]. PMID- 6674021 TI - [Clonogenic tests (stem cell assays): therapeutic problems and perspectives in ovarian cancer]. PMID- 6674022 TI - [Cesarean section: indications, incidence, perioperative and perinatal morbidity/mortality. Results of a 1982 Swiss pilot study with 41 participating hospitals (Study Group of Swiss Women's Hospitals]. PMID- 6674023 TI - [Indications for cesarean section in a university hospital]. PMID- 6674024 TI - [Indications for cesarean section in the Nyon Hopital de Zone (1973-1982)]. PMID- 6674025 TI - [Cesarean section: too many indications? From the viewpoint of the practicing gynecologist]. PMID- 6674026 TI - [Hazards of cesarean section for the mother]. PMID- 6674027 TI - [Hazards of cesarean section for the newborn infant. Problems of cesarean section in early prematurity]. PMID- 6674028 TI - [Indications, standardization and therapeutic conclusions in second-look laparotomies in ovarian carcinoma]. PMID- 6674029 TI - [Effect of epidural analgesia on labor]. PMID- 6674030 TI - [Mortality in acute nonoliguric renal failure]. PMID- 6674031 TI - [Bioplast implantation for urinary stress incontinence]. PMID- 6674032 TI - [Repair of hypospadias]. PMID- 6674033 TI - [Antibacterial activity in vitro of ear drops in common use in Israel]. PMID- 6674035 TI - [Anti-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy, hyperthyroidism and vasculitis]. PMID- 6674034 TI - [Thorotrast granuloma causing vascular occlusion]. PMID- 6674036 TI - [The steroid hormones: mechanism of action and regulation]. PMID- 6674037 TI - [The contribution of vectorcardiography to the diagnosis of delta waves of various etiologies]. PMID- 6674038 TI - [Fluctuating mood vs. affective psychoses: what is the normal range?]. PMID- 6674039 TI - [Dissolving gallstones: a 1982 update]. PMID- 6674040 TI - [Graft versus host disease]. PMID- 6674041 TI - [Photochemotherapy and the photocarcinogenic potential of the psoralenes]. PMID- 6674042 TI - [Rothschild hospital in Haifa--sixty years of service to the community]. PMID- 6674043 TI - [Serum prostatic acid phosphatase]. PMID- 6674044 TI - [Dressler syndrome as an early feature of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6674045 TI - [Fever as the only manifestation of Dressler syndrome]. PMID- 6674046 TI - [Open-heart surgery for patent ductus in the elderly]. PMID- 6674047 TI - [Acute liver disease during treatment of severe preeclampsia]. PMID- 6674048 TI - [Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 6674049 TI - [Congenital diastasis of the distal tibiofibular mortise]. PMID- 6674050 TI - [Pemphigus vegetans Hallopeau]. PMID- 6674051 TI - [A dramatic presentation of primary idiopathic cold urticaria]. PMID- 6674052 TI - [New approaches to the treatment of breast cancer: stage I-II. 1]. PMID- 6674053 TI - [The role of norepinephrine in schizophrenia]. PMID- 6674054 TI - [Prevention of adriamycin cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 6674055 TI - [A community program for the prevention of anemia in infants]. PMID- 6674056 TI - [Reliability and validity of faculty evaluation]. PMID- 6674057 TI - [Management of end stage renal failure: state of art and future perspectives]. PMID- 6674058 TI - [Risks and benefits of population screening for early detection of breast cancer]. PMID- 6674059 TI - [Early stages of glottic carcinoma]. PMID- 6674060 TI - [New technics for the treatment of compound fractures, exposed bones and chronic osteomyelitis in the lower extremities]. PMID- 6674061 TI - [Towards eradication of poliomyelitis]. PMID- 6674062 TI - [Safety of drugs]. PMID- 6674063 TI - [Congenital tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 6674064 TI - [Urinary cytology in superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder]. PMID- 6674065 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 6674066 TI - [Polymicrobial bacteremia]. PMID- 6674067 TI - [Sensitivity patterns of enteropathogenic bacteria in the Negev]. PMID- 6674068 TI - [Gastro-jejuno-colic fistula in a patient with parathyroid carcinoma]. PMID- 6674069 TI - [Fatal complication of internal jugular vein catheterization]. PMID- 6674070 TI - [Potentiation of anaphylactic reaction by propranolol]. PMID- 6674071 TI - [Lupinus thermis poisoning]. PMID- 6674072 TI - [Memory: mechanisms and pathophysiology]. PMID- 6674073 TI - [Therapeutic characteristics of elderly patients]. PMID- 6674074 TI - [Nutritional surveillance of children in maternal and child health stations]. PMID- 6674075 TI - [50 years of surgery--trends and changes]. PMID- 6674076 TI - [Increased frequency of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in women after pregnancy]. PMID- 6674077 TI - [ECT in our time]. PMID- 6674078 TI - [Steroid treatment in brain edema]. PMID- 6674079 TI - [Decompression of the pancreatic ducts in chronic and chronic relapsing pancreatitis: new surgical trends]. PMID- 6674080 TI - [Immunotherapy of allergic diseases--present and future]. PMID- 6674081 TI - [Non compliance in hypertension]. PMID- 6674082 TI - Paragonimus infection in crabs and school children in Taipei County, Taiwan. PMID- 6674083 TI - [Ultrastructural study on cartilage tumors in man]. PMID- 6674085 TI - The role of state and local government in health. PMID- 6674084 TI - [Factors related to cariogenicity studied using a low cariogenicity mutant of Streptococcus mutans KI-R]. PMID- 6674087 TI - The role of state and local government in health. Sun Valley Forum on National Health. PMID- 6674088 TI - Who's kidding whom? PMID- 6674086 TI - Environmental health. PMID- 6674089 TI - Relman's agenda. PMID- 6674090 TI - Research priorities for state and local health departments. PMID- 6674091 TI - State rate setting issues reviewed. PMID- 6674092 TI - Biomedical research and the future of public health. PMID- 6674093 TI - New ways to keep old promises in health care. PMID- 6674094 TI - Setting priorities in health education and promotion. PMID- 6674095 TI - The role of state and local government in health. A federal perspective: an interview with Sen. David Durenberger. PMID- 6674096 TI - What is public about public health? PMID- 6674097 TI - The long voyage: policies for progress in mental health. PMID- 6674098 TI - Anthropometric characteristics of elite adolescent competitive swimmers. PMID- 6674099 TI - Intercorrelation between sleep and activity patterns in Otmoor villagers. PMID- 6674100 TI - Sickle cell trait, maternal age and pregnancy outcome in primiparous women. PMID- 6674101 TI - Maternal anthropometric changes during pregnancy and lactation in a rural Taiwanese population. PMID- 6674102 TI - Individual differences of ultrasound assessment of subcutaneous fat: effects of body position. PMID- 6674103 TI - Seasonal effect on the variability of summer immunoglobulin levels. PMID- 6674104 TI - Cross-sectional growth of nomadic Turkana pastoralists. PMID- 6674105 TI - Elemental hair analysis: new evidence on the etiology of cribra orbitalia in Sudanese Nubia. PMID- 6674106 TI - Increments across age in body composition for children 10 to 18 years of age. PMID- 6674107 TI - Body build and age in relation to thyroid function tests in adult women. PMID- 6674108 TI - Ethnic and social class differences in selected anthropometric characteristics of Mexican American and Anglo adults: the San Antonio Heart Study. PMID- 6674109 TI - Further studies on the genetics of the Chamorros of Guam: dermatoglyphics. AB - The present study represents a continuation of our efforts to further define the genetic structure of the Chamorro population of Guam. The dermatoglyphic features of Guamanian Chamorros differ significantly from those of Western Carolinians from the Outer Islands of Yap in fingerprint patterns, model types of C line, frequency of patterns in the thenar/I area and in the presence of Sydney creases. The results of this analysis confirm earlier data from serological and other genetic markers that Guamanian Chamorros are genetically more closely related to the people of southeastern Asia than to their Micronesian neighbors to the south. PMID- 6674110 TI - Genetic analysis of multiply-affected families of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) probands. AB - The present study combines segregation and linkage information on 30 families ascertained through a proband and a first degree relative affected with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). An autosomal dominant model with incomplete penetrance was much more likely to fit the family data than a recessive model, whether or not linkage to HLA was assumed. The lod scores for linkage to HLA were 2.46 at theta M = theta F = 0.00 for dominant and 1.45 at theta M = theta F = 0.22 for a recessive model. The results are discussed in light of heterogeneity in likelihood and lod scores when the families are grouped by familial types, which indicate that the increase in likelihood of a dominant hypothesis can be attributed to the parent-child families and not the sib-sib families. PMID- 6674111 TI - Blood group, serum protein and red cell enzyme polymorphism in Filipinos. AB - 144 Filipinos living in the Federal Republic of Germany have been typed for 18 polymorphic blood group, serum protein and red cell enzyme polymorphisms. The results are compared with those reported for other population samples from the Philippine. It could be shown that within the Filipino populations a considerable genetic heterogeneity is present. Finally, genetic distance measurements have been performed in order to evaluate the degree of genetic similarity with Southeast Asia. PMID- 6674112 TI - Population studies in northern Sweden. XI. The Duffy blood group polymorphism. AB - Frequencies of the Duffy blood groups were studied in 222 Swedish Lapps and in a series of 3,151 Swedish conscripts and blood donors from the counties of Norrbotten and V asterbotten in northern Sweden. The conscripts and blood donors were distributed according to place of birth into 23 subpopulations. The frequency of the Fya gene among the Lapps was significantly higher than that in the Norrbotten and V asterbotten populations. The inbreeding coefficient FST for northern Sweden was found to be 2.8 . 10(-3) and significant (p less than 0.05). The Fya gene frequency in V asterbotten county was significantly higher than that in Norrbotten county. The overall picture of geographical variation of the Fya gene was not explainable in terms of Lappish and Finnish influence, it was rather contrary to the expected ethnic influence. The reason for this discrepancy is discussed. PMID- 6674113 TI - Population studies in northern Sweden. XII. The haptoglobin polymorphism. AB - The haptoglobin groups were studied in a material of 4,333 conscripts and blood donors from the counties of Norrbotten and V asterbotten in northern Sweden. According to their place of birth, the individuals were distributed into 23 subpopulations. In all subpopulations a good consistency with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found. In contrast to this finding, patients from the same population with immunogenetic disorders (psoriasis, allergy) were found to have a significant deficiency of heterozygotes. The frequency of the Hp1 gene showed significant variations between subpopulations (from 0.24 to 0.45) and the FST in V asterbotten county was high (9.0 x 10(-3)). The variations were, however, not interpretable in terms of ethnic heterogeneity. The results indicate that random processes, most likely 'the four effect', have had a profound effect on the structure of the North-Swedish population. PMID- 6674114 TI - Individual differences with respect to the sneezing reflex: an inherited physiological trait in man? AB - Individual differences with respect to the sneezing reflex are described. Visual exposure to strong light may induce a sneezing reaction in about 20% of the individuals in the Swedish population. Preliminary data indicate that the ' sneezer trait' may be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. The eventual selective advantage of ST is discussed. PMID- 6674115 TI - Deoxycytidylate antibodies: elicitation, purification & studies on interaction with ligands. PMID- 6674117 TI - Possible methylation of plasma proteins involved in coagulation & fibrinolysis. PMID- 6674116 TI - Serum aryl acylamidases of primates & non-primates: association with serum cholinesterase, amine sensitivity & immunological reactivity. PMID- 6674118 TI - Comparative studies of protein components of hen's egg alpha- & beta lipovitellins. PMID- 6674119 TI - Distribution of adriamycin in tissues & subcellular fractions. PMID- 6674120 TI - Phospholipid biosynthesis in Culex pipiens fatigans from [14C]choline & [14C]ethanolamine. PMID- 6674121 TI - Ligand-induced conformations of rat liver hexokinase II--sigmoid inhibition by FDP. PMID- 6674122 TI - Pentose phosphate cycle in developing rat brain during undernutrition. PMID- 6674123 TI - On the condensation of tryptamine & indole-3-acetaldehyde. PMID- 6674124 TI - Glucuronidation & deglucuronidation reactions in regenrating rat liver. PMID- 6674125 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of 1,2,3,4 tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as inhibitors of phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase. PMID- 6674126 TI - Hypothyroidism and antibody production in immature male chickens. AB - This study was conducted to determine if hypothyroidism has an effect on humoral immunity in immature male chickens. Two week old Single Comb White Leghorn male chicks were used as experimental animals. Two experiments were conducted using different methods to induce hypothyroidism. In Experiment 1, birds were surgically thyroidectomized (Tx group) and in Experiment 2, hypothyroidism was induced by supplementing the feed throughout the experiment with 0.1% propylthiouracil (PTU group). Antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) (thymus-dependent antigen) and Brucella abortus (BA) (thymus-independent antigen) was tested at 4 weeks of age. Serum concentrations of T4 and T3 were measured in birds from each treatment group at 5 and 9 weeks of age. Body weights were recorded and birds were then autopsied and thyroid gland weights were measured. Hypothyroidism was successfully induced in both Tx and PTU birds, as reflected by significant reduction in body weights in both groups, enlargement of thyroid glands in PTU birds and absence of thyroid glands in Tx birds. Though T4 and T3 were reduced in sera of treated birds, considerable amounts of these hormones were detected. Hypothyroidism did not seem to have profound or consistent effects on antibody production against SRBC or BA. The possibility that thyroid hormones play a role in antibody production was not ruled out. However, it was suggested that within the physiological range of thyroid gland activity, thyroid hormones may not significantly regulate antibody production. PMID- 6674127 TI - [Pathogenesis of tick-bite granulomas. Ultrastructural study]. PMID- 6674128 TI - [The vitiligo-psoriasis combination. Genetic and immunologic study]. PMID- 6674129 TI - [Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis in the newborn with conjunctival and respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6674130 TI - [Cutaneous granuloma caused by Dirofilaria. Study on 9 cases observed in Turin and province between 1978 and 1981]. PMID- 6674131 TI - [Case of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]. PMID- 6674132 TI - [Ledderhose disease. Apropos of a case with features of multiple fibromatosis (Dupuytren's diathesis)]. PMID- 6674134 TI - Non-random distribution of break-points on muntjac chromosomes induced at G2 by in vitro X-ray irradiation. PMID- 6674133 TI - [UV-induced solar urticaria]. PMID- 6674135 TI - Photodynamic denaturation of chromosomal DNA in situ by acridine orange. PMID- 6674136 TI - Retarded recovery of Purkinje cells in rats following cyclophosphamide treatment in early postnatal period. PMID- 6674137 TI - Sensitization of Salmonella typhi towards gamma-radiation by ascorbic acid. PMID- 6674138 TI - Affinity chromatographic purification of glutamate dehydrogenase of Aspergillus ochraceus. PMID- 6674139 TI - Hyaluronidase & circulating cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide titre. PMID- 6674140 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of nandrolone phenylpropionate. PMID- 6674141 TI - Changes in serum testosterone & dihydrotestosterone levels in response to bromocriptine & pimozide in maturing male rats. PMID- 6674142 TI - Mycoversilin, a new antifungal antibiotic from a mutant derivative of Aspergillus versicolor. PMID- 6674143 TI - Utility of human anti-hepatitis B surface antigen serum in purification & detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. PMID- 6674144 TI - Goat serum as a substitute for fetal calf serum in in vitro culture of murine lymphocytes. PMID- 6674145 TI - Masking effect of artificial scents on pheromonal block to pregnancy (the Bruce effect) in mice. PMID- 6674146 TI - Mechanism of blood coagulation by purified cerebrospinal fluid--procoagulant. PMID- 6674147 TI - Modification of antinociceptive action of morphine by femoxitine (FG4963)--a possible drug interaction. PMID- 6674148 TI - Genetics of abnormal abdomen in Culex pipiens fatigans. PMID- 6674149 TI - Inhibition of alkaline ribonuclease activity by nogalamycin. PMID- 6674150 TI - Effect of administration of lipid vesicle (liposome) bound cholesterol esterase on liver cholesterol ester levels in cholesterol-fed rats. PMID- 6674151 TI - Muroor virus: a new arbovirus isolated in India from the bat tick (Ornithodoros piriformis). PMID- 6674152 TI - Prevalence & subtypes of hepatitis B surface antigen in the tribal population of Arunachal Pradesh, India. PMID- 6674154 TI - Chloramphenicol resistant Salmonella typhi in Bangalore. PMID- 6674153 TI - Chemoprophylaxis against leprosy with acedapsone. PMID- 6674155 TI - Bacteriology of burn wound using the quantitative full thickness biopsy technique. PMID- 6674156 TI - Impact of antimalaria house spraying on phlebotomid population in Surat district, Gujarat. PMID- 6674157 TI - Plasma sialic acid during normal & abnormal pregnancies. PMID- 6674158 TI - Relative importance of factors associated with mental function of pre-school children. PMID- 6674159 TI - Studies on DNA antibodies in SLE & experimental animals by microhemagglutination. PMID- 6674160 TI - Chlorinated insecticide residues in certain food samples. PMID- 6674162 TI - Effect of Aloe barbedensis & clofibrate on serum lipids in triton-induced hyperlipidaemia in Presbytis monkeys. PMID- 6674161 TI - Effect of berberine chloride on Leishmania donovani. PMID- 6674163 TI - Nonenzymatic glucosylation of lens proteins in different types of cataracts. PMID- 6674164 TI - Isolation of Salmonella new-brunswick in a Delhi hospital. PMID- 6674165 TI - Blotting paper strip for the transport of stool specimens for laboratory diagnosis of cholera. PMID- 6674166 TI - Hospital based surveillance of faucial diphtheria in & around Delhi. PMID- 6674167 TI - Biochemical changes in latent Litomosoides carinii infection in rats. PMID- 6674168 TI - Genetic & morphological variants in Culex quinquefasciatus in Pondicherry. PMID- 6674169 TI - Current status of the nutrition component of community health volunteer scheme in andhra pradesh. PMID- 6674170 TI - Long-term impact of oral rehydration in diarrhoea on nutrition of children in Calcutta slums. PMID- 6674171 TI - Hypocholesterolemic effect of cowpea in rats on atherogenic diet. PMID- 6674172 TI - Clinical & prognostic significance of blast cell morphology & cytochemistry in acute non-myelogenous leukaemia. PMID- 6674173 TI - Sickle cell & thalassaemic genes in the tribal population of Rajasthan. PMID- 6674174 TI - Evaluation of techniques for assessing portosystemic shunt patency. PMID- 6674175 TI - Effect of malathion on adrenal activity, liver glycogen & blood glucose in rats. PMID- 6674176 TI - The effect of ingestion of food on some of the common biochemical estimations of blood. PMID- 6674177 TI - Intra-individual variation in energy requirement & its implications. PMID- 6674178 TI - Glucose levels & glucose metabolism in human amniotic fluid at different stages of pregnancy. PMID- 6674179 TI - A study of serum glycoprotein in cardiovascular disorders. PMID- 6674180 TI - Serum glycoprotein levels in health. PMID- 6674181 TI - Study of A, B and H antigens in female genital tract malignancy. PMID- 6674182 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility tests on Clostridia. PMID- 6674183 TI - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis in typhoid fever. PMID- 6674184 TI - Study of dermatophytoses in Punjabi population. PMID- 6674185 TI - Aminoaciduria with serum and urinary copper in renal diseases. PMID- 6674186 TI - Tumour and tumour like lesions in infancy and childhood (a 25 years experience). PMID- 6674187 TI - Pyelonephritis of the xanthogranulomatous type. PMID- 6674188 TI - Diagnosis of lymphadenopathy by fine needle aspiration cytology. PMID- 6674189 TI - Intracranial neoplasms -- pathological review of 283 cases. PMID- 6674190 TI - Intraepithelial involvement of endometrium, fallopian tube and vagina by cervical carcinoma. PMID- 6674191 TI - Study of fat embolism in road accident cases (an autopsy study). PMID- 6674192 TI - Primary mediastinal germinoma in a female: a case report. PMID- 6674193 TI - Primary hydatid cyst of the heart (a case report with review of literature). PMID- 6674194 TI - Actinomycosis involving bone (review and a report). PMID- 6674195 TI - Endometrial cancer together with leiomyosarcoma (report of an unusual case). PMID- 6674196 TI - Pathophysiologic consequences of cyanotic congenital heart disease. PMID- 6674197 TI - A study of children's view of health of disease. PMID- 6674198 TI - Role of breast feeding in preventing acquisition of roundworm and hookworm in Dhaka slum children. PMID- 6674199 TI - An epidemiological study of leprosy among children in a rural area. PMID- 6674200 TI - Family size and immunization status of the underfive children. PMID- 6674201 TI - Prognostic value of cytobiochemical changes in children with pyogenic meningitis. PMID- 6674202 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children--histopathologic classification in relation to age and sex. PMID- 6674203 TI - Clinical and electroencephalographic study of infantile spasms. PMID- 6674204 TI - Foreign bodies in the pediatric airway. PMID- 6674206 TI - Normal variant short stature. PMID- 6674207 TI - Tabular and diagrammatic presentation of bi-variate data. PMID- 6674205 TI - Immune complexes: biochemical and biological aspects. PMID- 6674208 TI - Current approach to the management of nevi. PMID- 6674209 TI - The biology of virus diseases, their diagnosis and management. PMID- 6674210 TI - Hypoplastic right heart complex-clinical, hemodynamic and angiographic assessment. PMID- 6674211 TI - Vocal cord paralysis in neuraxial malformation. PMID- 6674212 TI - Neurogenic pulmonary edema during hyperpyrexic convulsions. PMID- 6674213 TI - Fatal infectious mononucleosis: a case with a review of the literature. PMID- 6674215 TI - Health information service in India. PMID- 6674214 TI - An outbreak of conjunctivitis in an Indian town. An epidemiological report. PMID- 6674216 TI - Morbidity profile with reference to housing and environmental status criteria. PMID- 6674217 TI - Obesity as predisposing factor to diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6674218 TI - A study of smoking habits of medical students of Uttar Pradesh. PMID- 6674219 TI - A networking approach to rehabilitation service delivery in the developing nation/states of Micronesia. AB - The people of Micronesia , those inhabitants of a collection of over 2,000 islands and atolls encompassing three million square miles of Western Pacific Ocean, have developed by the establishment of three political entities, compacts of Free Association with the United States (United Nations Administrators of the area under the designation of the U.S. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands). These emerging nations aim for self-sufficiency in all areas of national endeavor within specified periods of time. The University of Guam's Vocational Rehabilitation Training Program has addressed itself to the issue confronting not only these newly emerging nation/states of Micronesia , but indeed, those developing nations which currently struggle with the social, cultural and economic issues of providing for its citizenry , appropriate rehabilitation programming which meets criteria of high quality services to the largest number of people within an attainable cost structure. Initial findings suggest this Third World Rehabilitation community refrain from adopting a polarity of thinking approach in the design and delivery of Rehabilitation services. The logical extension of such either/or planning attempts seems only to limit current and future Rehabilitation programming effort. Rather, a comparative cost analysis of selected rehabilitation services and accompanying travel expenses related to providers from both sides and throughout the Pacific, demonstrates that an admixture approach, which includes all available sources of services, warrants further investigation as a viable programming model for the nation/states of Micronesia to utilize as they develop locally based Vocational Rehabilitation Service programs of their own. PMID- 6674220 TI - [Objectification of the training effect of sports therapy for wheelchair users]. AB - The effects of an additional six-weeks training program were investigated ergometrically and in practice in 10 paraplegics. In order to develop stamina, strength and coordinative abilities, the load components were varied by increasing training frequency, expanding load range and increasing stimuli density. It was possible to show a significant increase in the general physical capacity. The performance parameters of paraplegics were compared with those of wheelchair-bound sports competitors and able-bodied persons. It was possible to improve the capacity of skeletal muscles and bring it closer to that of competitive athletes and able-bodied persons. Trained paraplegics as well as competitive athletes both display to the same extent a conspicuously poorer cardiovascular capacity in relation to able-bodied persons. The reason for this is believed to lie in the extensive muscular and vascular deficiency due to the particular disablement and the poorer venous return resulting from the latter. It points to a reduced overall blood volume and a relatively small heart volume. These investigations are being continued. The findings of sports medicine necessarily require that continuous training take place with relatively high intensity for the purpose of producing a circulatory effect. On the other hand, a basic stamina training must ensure that the indicated capacity reserves of skeletal muscles are developed. The multifaceted possibilities for training within the framework of sport for the disabled are presented. PMID- 6674221 TI - Evaluation of amputees. AB - During 1978 the Queen Alia Fund registered all disabled persons in the East Bank of Jordan. This paper is intended to investigate the actual condition of a sample selected from those persons registered as amputees. The registration showed a total of 696 amputees and a sample of 100 patients was randomly selected from this group. This study explored the disability, its nature and location, physical and vocational rehabilitation received, and the functional capability of the amputee. The two most important causes which lead to the amputation were mine explosions and road accidents. 32 persons received physical rehabilitation and prosthesis was recommended for 56 persons. Only 9 patients received vocational rehabilitation. Final analysis of the data showed steady increase in the past two decades with a doubling of the number from the 1960s to the 1970s. Road accidents played a major role in this increase. It is interesting to note that males and educated persons tend to use their prosthesis more than females and illiterate persons. In conclusion vocational rehabilitation remains an important element missing from the management of amputees. More emphasis and effort should be directed toward this element in order to complete the picture of an effective rehabilitation of this group of disabled persons. PMID- 6674222 TI - Evaluation of the phrenic nerve in patients with neuromuscular disorders. AB - Twenty-six patients suffering from neuromuscular disorders underwent electrodiagnostic studies of the phrenic nerve as well as lung function and fluoroscopic evaluations. Fourteen (53.8%) out of the 26, manifested uni- or bilateral phrenic nerve involvement. Of these, only 5 (35.7%) showed a correlation between clinical complaints of shortness of breath and the pathological findings in the electrodiagnostic studies of the phrenic nerve and in the lung function and fluoroscopic evaluations. Another 5 (35.7%) patients had normal lung function and fluoroscopic evaluations, in spite of complaints of shortness of breath and pathological phrenic nerve conduction findings. It is recommended, therefore, that electrodiagnostic evaluation of both phrenic nerves be part of the evaluation of patients with neuromuscular disorders. PMID- 6674223 TI - School health screening of a birth cohort: a prospective longitudinal study. AB - School age illnesses, coded according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) from information in 4 327 school health records, are reported for a perinatal cohort (The Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort 1959-61) comprising 9 125 successive live births. Although characteristic somatic disorders continue to arise, the medical picture is dominated by problems of a psycho-social nature. This finding suggests that the school health service should be adapted towards this changing pattern of child health. PMID- 6674224 TI - Rehabilitation of patients with thoracic spine injury treated by spring alloplasty. AB - Stabilization of the traumatic injured spine by means of springs, called spring alloplasty, was introduced into clinical practice by Professor M. Weiss in 1965 and has been applied in the Warsaw Medical Academy Rehabilitation Clinic ( Konstancin ) ever since. The springs here replace the damaged system of posterior ligaments of the spine, restoring its stability and alleviating the front (often damaged) part of the body. This method has been used in surgery on about 350 patients mainly with spinal injury in the thoracic and thoracolumbar levels. Spine stabilization by the method in question usually makes it possible to start an early verticalization and an active rehabilitation. The verticalization of the patient in a specially designed bed is introduced as early as a few days after the accident, and attempts at active verticalization are made in 2-3 weeks time after surgery, thus the rehabilitation process is substantially precipitated and the period of hospital treatment is significantly reduced. The methodology of rehabilitation of the patients in question has been presented and functional effects of the treatment have been discussed in the paper. PMID- 6674225 TI - Model development and research on the design of working conditions for psychically disabled persons in rehabilitation and work settings. PMID- 6674227 TI - The Nottingham survey of visually handicapped people. PMID- 6674226 TI - The Swansea relocation study of mentally handicapped adults. PMID- 6674228 TI - A study of factors which influence spatial decentration in a group of deaf children. PMID- 6674229 TI - Incidence and types of visual handicap in school age children in the Federal Republic of Germany: first results of a survey of 24 000 students. PMID- 6674230 TI - Neighbourhood Services Project, Dinnington. PMID- 6674231 TI - An assessment of the value of a domiciliary acre and rehabilitation service for acute stroke. PMID- 6674232 TI - An investigation of the effects of music therapy on a group of profoundly mentally handicapped adults. PMID- 6674233 TI - Intonation as a cue to speech act identification in aphasic and other brain damaged patients. PMID- 6674234 TI - Evaluation of industrial training units for slow learners. PMID- 6674235 TI - A study of various factors affecting digestion of fish tissue prior to mercury determination. AB - The effect of temperature on digestion, the acid combination and their quantities, and the time required for digestion of fish tissue were investigated using Hamour (Epinephelus tauvina) body tissue. Concentrations of Hg in fish tissue digested for four hours at 80 +/- 2 degrees C and 95 +/- 2 degrees C were statistically similar and significantly higher than in tissue digested at 60 +/- 2 degrees C. Eight acid combinations were investigated as digestion media and a 1:2 mixture of concentrated HNO3:H2SO4 proved to be the best. A quantity of 15 ml of this digestion media were found to be sufficient to digest approximately two grams of wet fish tissue. The use of 25 ml of digestion media resulted in significantly reduced Hg concentration whereas 10 ml was not sufficient to digest two grams of fish tissue. A digestion period of four to six hours at 80 degrees C was sufficient to oxidize the fish tissue. However, a two hour digestion resulted in reduced Hg values. Mercury determinations made from the samples prepared by the best combination of all the experimental conditions showed a good agreement with those of samples prepared in Teflon Acid Digestion Bombs. This study has pointed the necessity of developing a uniform standard procedure for digesting fish tissue prior to Hg determinations. PMID- 6674236 TI - Length of stay in a psychiatric hospital: how is the decision made? PMID- 6674237 TI - Outcome of psychiatric hospitalization of Israeli soldiers in compulsory service. PMID- 6674238 TI - A judgmental measure of coping with cancer and its social, psychological and medical correlates: an exploratory study of Israeli patients. PMID- 6674239 TI - Contributions of immunohistochemistry to the problem of differentiation in medulloblastoma. AB - The problem of differentiation of medulloblastoma is considered. In this regard 43 medulloblastomas, showing cells with glial or neuronal features by routine histologic methods, were studied. The investigation was carried out by means of the immunohistochemical demonstration of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the neuron-specific enolase (NSE). In most cases, GFAP-positive cells are preexisting astrocytes; in two cases they correspond to the transitional cells of the subependymal layer. NSE was demonstrated in areas filled with cells with neuroblastic features. The relationship between medulloblastoma with neuron differentiation and cerebellar neuroblastoma is discussed. PMID- 6674241 TI - Penicillin CSF levels following intravenous therapy in syphilitic patients. AB - Serum and CSF levels of penicillin have been determined in 13 syphilitic patients treated with relatively high doses of penicillin G by the intravenous route. Wide individual variability in the CSF/serum concentration ratio was observed. In all patients the concentration of the antibiotic in the CSF was equal to or greater than 0.03 IU/ml., which is considered to be the minimal therapeutic concentration. The potential clinical usefulness of different therapeutic regimens in the treatment of neurosyphilis is discussed. PMID- 6674240 TI - Serum pyruvate kinase in different neuromuscular diseases and in carriers of muscular dystrophy. AB - Serum pyruvate kinase and creatine kinase activities were measured in a group of patients with various neuromuscular diseases and in carriers of muscular dystrophy. Elevated values of PK were usually but not invariably associated with elevated levels of CK. THe data showed that PK activity was elevated in all patients with DMD, high values generally correlating inversely with age or disease duration. In definite carriers, the level of PK was raised simultaneously with CK, while in potential carriers, classified by their relationship with MD patients in mothers, sisters and other relatives, the PK levels were elevated in 23%, 44% and 10% respectively, indicating especially for sisters, an increased genetic probability of being a definite carrier. In this way, we have confirmed that the serum PK assay is more sensitive in younger subjects and that combined CK and PK measurement will be of value in detecting a higher proportion of potential carriers. PMID- 6674242 TI - Experimental pharmacological Parkinsonism (preliminary report). AB - The purpose of our project was to analyse membrane-bound proteins in Haloperidol treated rats with clear Parkinson type motor inhibitions. Membrane-bound protein was chosen because the main sites of functional changes in the Parkinson syndrome may be the plasma membrane and postsynaptic membranes of nerve cells. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with Haloperidol for 67 days. The areas analyzed were the hippocampus and the caudate nucleus. The electrophoretic analyses were done by the method of Ballou (1974) as further elaborated by Booth (1977). Double labeling analysis of 7 protein fractions after gel electrophoresis showed the presence of a 50 000-dalton protein in fraction 3 of the caudate nucleus (see block diagrams) in the haloperidol-treated animals but not in the hippocampus material. PMID- 6674243 TI - So-called neuralgic amyotrophy: clinical features and long term follow-up. AB - The clinical features of 61 patients with Neuralgic Amyotrophy are analysed with special reference to recovery time, recurrence and residual deficits in 42 of these patients. Although the etiology is still unknown, N.A. has a characteristic clinical picture with a fairly typical pattern of symptoms and signs. A correct diagnosis is important because in spite of the severity and extent of the initial symptoms the overall prognosis in good. PMID- 6674244 TI - Subclavian steal diagnosis: Doppler sonography vs. angiography. AB - Continuous-wave Doppler sonography is a reliable technique for the diagnosis of subclavian steal. This tool also allows us to identify incipient steals, characterized by either alternating flow or systolic flow deceleration in the vertebral artery, which might escape detection by conventional angiography. Diagnostic criteria are reported and results of a 48-patient study are compared with angiographic data. The different patterns of vertebral flow depend on the degree of proximal subclavian or innominate artery functional stenosis. The Doppler examination is a useful method because it is non invasive, harmless to the patient and allows for the evaluation of associated lesions in other extracranial vessels. It is of particular interest for the diagnosis when the clinical picture is still apparently normal and in the absence of both neurological findings and asymmetrical blood pressure in the arms. PMID- 6674245 TI - Is memory impairment greater than cognitive impairment in moderate chronic alcoholics? AB - The aims of the research were to test (i) whether moderate chronic alcoholics (A/pts) perform worse than non teetotaler controls (C/pts) either on memory or on intelligence tasks or on both, and (ii) whether there was a significant difference between verbal and spatial memory scores pointing to the claimed prevailing right hemisphere sensitivity to alcohol abuse. Great care was taken in selecting C/pts not to exaggerate by sample biasing the psychological effects of alcoholism. Intelligence was tested by means of verbal and performance Wechsler Bellevue IQ and Raven PM47; memory was tested by means of serial immediate memory span and learning by means of verbal and spatial devices. The results support the conclusion that chronic wine alcoholism in a band of drinkers with lowish educational background and very set drinking habits impairs memory and intelligence without any significant difference. Moreover there is no evidence of a prevalent right hemisphere sensitivity to chronic alcohol addiction. PMID- 6674246 TI - Visual evoked potentials and CSF IgG at different stages of multiple sclerosis: a possible correlation. AB - Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP) have been investigated in 102 patients affected by Multiple Sclerosis (MS), classified both by disease stage and by optic pathway status. VEP abnormalities were significantly correlated with the clinical stage and increased CSF IgG levels. The delay in the VEP latencies and the CSF IgG values proved to be increased in parallel in the worsening phases of MS. The diagnostic value of these findings is also discussed. PMID- 6674247 TI - Electroencephalographic findings in patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. AB - A retrospective study of the electroencephalographic patterns in 26 adults with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. 12 of them presented EEG anomalies, all slight and aspecific. Of the various parameters considered (age, age at onset, duration of disease, CT, CSF findings, abnormalities of muscle mitochondria) the only two that seem to correlate are altered EEG patterns and severity of mitochondrial anomalies in skeletal muscle tissue. PMID- 6674249 TI - Why may epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) induce myopathy in man? Report of a case and literature review. AB - A case of necrotizing myopathy due to a short epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) treatment in a 72 year-old patient with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is described. Pathogenetic hypotheses are discussed. PMID- 6674248 TI - Toxic polyneuropathy of shoe workers in Italy. A clinical, neurophysiological and follow-up study. AB - Cases of polyneuropathy due to exposure to industrial solvents have been studied at several shoe factories in the province of Siena. After the screening of 654 employees 98 verified cases were detected. Of these, 16 were rated as moderate to severe, 45 as mild, and 37 were minimally involved but with characteristic electrodiagnostic abnormalities. Follow-up study in 53 patients showed that neurological signs and symptoms as well as electrodiagnostic abnormalities continued for years in several patients. In addition, after a year's observation, some patients showed signs of central nervous system dysfunction such as spasticity of the lower limbs and increased deep tendon reflexes. High percentages of commercial n-hexane were found in all the samples of glues and solvents collected from home-workers and from factories where cases of polyneuropathy occurred. PMID- 6674250 TI - Simultaneous EEG/ECG recordings during prolonged status syncopus. Physiopathological considerations on a case. AB - Report of a case of status syncopus in which only simultaneous EEG/ECG recordings permitted the correct diagnosis and a study of the feed-back mechanisms between brain and heart. PMID- 6674251 TI - Binasal quadrantanopsia in pseudotumor cerebri. PMID- 6674252 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (an 8-year experience in Hawaii). PMID- 6674253 TI - Aplastic anemia and quinidine. PMID- 6674254 TI - Malignant melanoma of the vagina in a black woman. PMID- 6674255 TI - Variation in infant mortality rates among census tracts in Hawaii. PMID- 6674256 TI - Latrodectus spider bites in Hawaii. Case report and literature review. PMID- 6674257 TI - Serum erythropoietin levels in neonatal polycythemia. PMID- 6674258 TI - The Frances and Anthony D'Anna International Symposium on Clinical Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. May 9-13, 1983, Dearborn, Michigan. PMID- 6674259 TI - Clinical applications of parathyroid hormone assays. PMID- 6674260 TI - Assessment of trabecular bone status. PMID- 6674261 TI - Assessment of mineral and matrix turnover. PMID- 6674262 TI - Pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6674263 TI - The management of primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6674264 TI - Recent developments in bone physiology. PMID- 6674265 TI - Parathyroid--mediated bone loss. PMID- 6674266 TI - Osteomalacia. PMID- 6674267 TI - Bone disease in uremia. PMID- 6674268 TI - Nonparathyroid hypercalcemia. PMID- 6674270 TI - Paget's disease. PMID- 6674269 TI - Osteoporosis. PMID- 6674271 TI - Calcium disorders in childhood. PMID- 6674272 TI - Management of primary hyperparathyroidism: report on a workshop. PMID- 6674273 TI - Radiology of metabolic bone disease: workshop report. PMID- 6674274 TI - Poly TMS and poly acetate derivatives for fingerprinting polyenes by NMR. PMID- 6674275 TI - Effect of Hamycin on prostatatic secretion and serum testosterone levels in the rabbit. PMID- 6674277 TI - Correlation of HPLC retention times with structure and functional group of macrolide polyenes. PMID- 6674276 TI - Erythromycin assay: specificity of determining erythromycin A in relation to erythromycin B. PMID- 6674278 TI - Wheat pasture poisoning. I. An evaluation of cereal pastures as related to tetany in beef cows. AB - Forage samples were obtained from three wheat and rye mixed pastures (replications) from December 1979, to April 1980 (140 d), while they were being grazed by mature cows at the Southwestern Livestock and Forage Research Station, El Reno, Oklahoma. These samples were taken three times during December, twice monthly in January and February and weekly in March and April. Samples were analyzed for dry matter, ash, N, K, Ca, Mg, P, ash alkalinity, aconitic, malic and citric acids, total lipids, NO3-N, Na and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC). In vitro digestibility was also determined. The N:TNC ratio, estimated plasma Mg levels and K:(Ca + Mg) ratio (tetany ratio) were calculated. On d 105 (March 19), 16% (five of 32 head) of the cows developed tetany. At tetany, the forage K, protein, digestibility, ash alkalinity, aconitic acid and total lipids increased suddenly and markedly. Forage dry matter, TNC and ash decreased. Forage Ca and Mg were slightly below or equal to the animals' requirements and remained relatively constant during the period of tetany. Forage P increased about 2 wk before tetany and decreased after tetany occurred. The levels of forage NO3-N and Na did not appear to be related to the incidence of tetany. The N:TNC ratios exceeded .4 immediately before tetany and two sampling periods thereafter. The estimated plasma Mg levels were lowest at tetany and shortly thereafter and tetany ratio exceeded 2.2 during most of the study, with peaks of 3.2 in December, at tetany and in early April. PMID- 6674279 TI - Matrilinear social dominance and spatial relationships among Angus and Hereford cows. AB - Two groups of Angus and Hereford cow families on summer pastures were observed to determine the effects of kinship and breed on social dominance and spacing relationships among individuals within groups. Each group was composed of 20 cows and contained two granddam-dam-daughter families and two dam-daughter families of each breed. Herefords tended to weigh more (P less than .10) than Angus; 518 (SD = 114) and 467 (SD = 92) kg, respectively. However, Angus were socially dominant (P less than .01) to Herefords, with 51.9 (SD = 20.1) and 33.4 (SD = 15.9) mean dominance values for cows of the respective breeds. In no case was a Hereford cow determined to be dominant to an older Angus cow. Within families of both breeds, dams and granddams were always dominant to their progeny. Relative distances among cows were determined on 30 occasions over a 2-mo period of time. Based on nearest neighbor frequency, there was a tendency for members of families to aggregate, but in general family explained only a slight to moderate amount of variation in spacing characteristics. Breed affected mean distance to all cows (P less than .01), distance to group center (P less than .05), distance to same breed group center (P less than .01), distance to opposite breed group center (P less than .05) and mean distance to all cows of the same breed (P less than .01), but breed did not affect mean distance to all cows of the opposite breed. Distances for Angus were less than those for Herefords for each of the significantly affected spacing characteristics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674280 TI - Behavior and performance of pigs grouped by three different methods at weaning. AB - Crossbred pigs (384) used in three trials were assigned to one of three grouping treatments when moved to 1.4 X 1.6 m nursery pens 4 h postweaning at 28 d of age. Treatments included eight pigs from the same litter (8-1), four pigs from each of two different litters (4-2) and one pig from each of eight different litters (1 8). A commercial odor masking agent (OMA) commonly used to reduce tail biting and fighting was sprayed on one-half of the replicates of each treatment 20 min after (trial 1) or immediately before (trials 2 and 3) the pigs were moved to the nursery. Agonistic behavior was quantified (trials 2 and 3) by direct observation for the first 3 h and again for 2 h at 24 and 48 h post-grouping. Application of OMA 20 min post-mixing caused only a temporary (3 to 5 min) cessation of fighting. A slight increase in fighting in all three grouping treatments was observed when OMA was applied before mixing. Average daily gain for 0 to 4 and 0 to 28 d and feed intake for 0 to 7 and 0 to 28 d were not influenced by OMA or grouping treatments. Combining alien pigs resulted in a significant increase in fighting but did not affect long term performance. PMID- 6674281 TI - Calving date versus calving interval as a reproductive measure in beef cattle. AB - Calving date and calving interval records obtained from the Beef Cattle Division of Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Des Moines, Iowa, were studied to determine the reproductive measure of choice when a fixed breeding season is employed. Fixed model, least-squares procedures were used to analyze 2,411 records collected on purebred Red Angus, Angus and Hereford cows during the years 1969 through 1976. Calving interval decreased .86 d and calving date was delayed .11 d for each 1-d delay in previous calving date. A 1-d increase in gestation length was associated with a 1.17-d delay in calving date and 1.17-d increase in calving interval. The bias caused by the use of a fixed breeding season was determined to be much greater for calving interval than for calving date, as evidenced by the strong dependence of calving interval on previous calving date. Because calving date is likely to be more heritable and has clear economic significance, and because selection for earlier calving date should not lead to adverse response in other reproductive traits, calving date was preferred over calving interval as a reproductive measure. PMID- 6674282 TI - Reciprocal recurrent selection for 21-day litter weight of crossbred gilts. I. Selection applied and genetic change in reproduction of crossbred gilts. AB - Six cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) between Line 8 (Duroc) and Line 9 (Beltsville No. 1) were completed at the Fort Reno Livestock Research Center, El Reno, Oklahoma. A randomly mated control line was maintained. Each cycle of selection required three seasons. Selection of purebred pigs (born in the second season) was based on the mean 21-d litter weight of their maternal and paternal half-sib crossbred gilts that were born in the first season and farrowed in the third season (XB21DLWT). On the average, 5.8 maternal and paternal half sib gilts contributed to the mean XB21DLWT for each purebred individual. The average potential selection differential for XB21DLWT was 5.64 kg, but only 70.2% of this value was realized in the initial selection (3.95 kg). Disease problems and unsoundness were the primary reasons for this discrepancy. The potential, initial, final and weighted final standardized selection differentials for females averaged 61, 60, 55 and 47%, respectively, of the corresponding differentials for males. Standardized selection differentials were similar for Line 8 and Line 9. The estimate of realized heritability for XB21DLWT was .076 +/ .319 for the average of 8 X 9 and 9 X 8 gilts. Environmental trends, estimated from control data, were not significant for any of the traits evaluated. The genetic change in reproductive ability of 8 X 9, 9 X 8 and their unweighted average was estimated by regressing the deviation of the line mean from the control mean on generation number. In general, estimates of genetic change for litter size, litter weight and average pig weight/litter at 0, 21 and 42 d of age were not significant, but all estimates were favorable. The estimated genetic change for 21-d litter weight was 1.04 +/- 1.25 kg/cycle of selection. Based on these results and considering the complexity of RRS, the increase in generation interval and the expected decline in purebred performance that theoretically should accompany successful RRS, it seems doubtful that RRS can be more beneficial than selection based on purebred performance as a method to improve productivity of crossbred gilts. PMID- 6674283 TI - Reciprocal recurrent selection for 21-day litter weight of crossbred gilts. II. Reproductive performance of purebred females producing purebred and two-way cross litters and performance of purebred and crossbred pigs. AB - This paper reports estimates of correlated genetic change in reproductive performance of purebred gilts producing two-way cross litters and purebred sows producing purebred litters as well as postweaning performance of two-way cross and purebred pigs produced during reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) between Line 8 (Duroc) and Line 9 (Beltsville No. 1) for 21-d litter weight production of crossbred gilts. A randomly mated control line developed from a crossbred foundation was maintained to monitor environmental change. Data were adjusted for age of dam, inbreeding of dam, inbreeding of litter (or pig) and linear and quadratic effects of day born within season. The traits evaluated were: litter size, litter weight and average pig weight/litter at birth and weaning (42 d); postweaning average daily gain; age at 90.7 kg and backfat thickness at 90.7 kg. Two data sets were analyzed; the first set included seven seasons of data with purebred gilts producing two-way cross litters, and the second set included seven seasons of data with purebred sows producing purebred litters. No estimates of environmental trend were significant in either set of data. In the first data set, only the estimate of genetic change in backfat thickness of two-way cross pigs was significant and it was in the desired direction. All other estimates were small and did not approach significance. In the second data set, estimates of genetic trend were greater in Line 9 than in Line 8.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674284 TI - Age-related alterations in thyroid hormone binding properties of porcine skeletal muscle cytosol. AB - Thyroid hormone binding properties were evaluated in cytosol prepared from semitendinosus muscle of 1-d, 3-wk and 5-mo-old Yorkshire-Duroc crossbred pigs. Optimum thyroxine (T4) binding was obtained with 35 ug cytosolic protein in a solution containing 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, and 25 mM KCl and 10 mM MgCl2. The half-time of maximum T4 binding was approximately 10 min. Protease digestion of cytosol eliminated specific T4 binding. Muscle cytosol preferentially bound T4 over triiodothyronine (T3). At equimolar concentrations the amount of T3 binding relative to T4 was .1, 50 and 10% at 1 d, 3 wk and 5 mo, respectively. Scatchard analysis of T4 binding revealed a similar high-affinity, low-capacity component in all age groups. However, at 3 wk of age the concentration of the low-affinity, high-capacity binding component for T4 was 12-fold greater than at either 1 d or 5 mo of age. The affinity of this high-capacity binding component did not change with age. The function of thyroid hormones in regulating skeletal muscle growth and metabolism have not been elucidated. These data demonstrate that thyroid hormone binding properties of skeletal muscle do change with age and further research is needed to investigate the possible relationship of these findings to growth regulatory mechanisms. PMID- 6674285 TI - Phosphorus in swine. VI. Utilization of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus and reproductive performance of gravid gilts fed two dietary phosphorus levels for five parities. AB - Sixty-two gilts were paired at breeding and assigned randomly to one of the following dietary treatments: (1) low P or (2) high P during gestation and lactation. Two sets of diets (A and B) were formulated; each set to provide a low (10 g) and high (15 g) daily P intake (equal Ca daily intake, 15 g) when fed at 1.82 and 2.27 kg daily, respectively for sets A and B. Females were fed 1.82 kg daily of set A diets during the first 11 wk of gestation, 2.27 kg daily of set B diets for the next 3 wk and 3.34 kg of the appropriate set B diets containing 20% wheat bran until farrowing, at which time the bran was gradually removed from set B diets and the feed level increased to 4 kg daily until weaning. The proportions of defluorinated phosphate and limestone were varied to provide the appropriate level of Ca and P (low and high). At approximately 5 wk before farrowing at each parity, up to 12 females from each group were used in Ca, P and N balance trials that lasted about 2 wk. Dietary P intake did not affect the apparent absorption and retention of N and Ca; 88% of the consumed N was absorbed and one-half of the absorbed was retained, and 37% of the Ca was absorbed and 94% of the absorbed was retained. Females fed the higher P intake, although excreting higher levels of P in the feces and urine, absorbed and retained a larger amount of P; but the low P fed sows were more efficient in the retention of P when expressed as a percentage of intake or as a percentage of the absorbed P. With the exception of average total litter weight at birth that favored high P-fed sows, live, dead and total pigs at birth, average birth weight and breeding performance were not statistically different between P levels. Except for the first parity, most characteristics favored sows fed the higher P intake. Serum Ca and P levels and hair P concentration were similar between P levels. Hair Ca concentration, however, was higher for the high P-fed sows. Sows fed the higher daily P intake retained more P and there was a trend for better farrowing performance. However, breeding performance, serum Ca and P levels, hair P concentrations and Ca and N balance were similar between dietary P intakes. These results would support current National Research Council-suggested Ca and P levels for sows. PMID- 6674286 TI - Tiamulin feed medication for the maintenance of weight gains in the presence of mycoplasmal pneumonia in swine. AB - Tiamulin, a semisynthetic antibiotic, was fed to growing pigs and its value in maintaining weight gain and feed efficiency in the face of mycoplasmal pneumonia was determined. Four treatments divided among 64 growing pigs from a conventional pig farm were used to test the effects of tiamulin administered in feed at levels of 10, 20 and 30 ppm. All pigs were artificially infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Medication was started on the 14th day after infection (d 0) and continued for 28 d (d 0 to 28). Pigs were continued on test for an additional 14 d period for further observation (d 28 to 42) after the medicated feed was withdrawn. Tiamulin fed at 10, 20 and 30 ppm for 28 d did not cure the mycoplasmal pneumonia. The effect of tiamulin on growth performance was not the same for all periods. During the medication period (d 0 to 28), both daily gain and feed conversion were not significantly affected by dietary tiamulin concentrations. For the post-treatment period (d 28 to 42), tiamulin improved daily gain (P less than .05) and feed conversion (P less than .05) over those of nonmedicated controls, and the responses of both daily gain and feed efficiency increased linearly (P less than .05) as dietary tiamulin levels increased. PMID- 6674287 TI - Valine requirement for reproduction in swine. AB - Five levels of L-valine [3.3 (basal), 5.5, 7.8, 10.1 and 12.4 g/d] were fed to gilts from one estrus before mating through two pregnancies and for 30 d of a third pregnancy. Five litter-mate outcome groups of five animals each were allocated randomly to the diet treatments. Animals were individually fed 1.82 kg/d premating and during pregnancy. A common diet was fed to all animals during lactation at levels of 4.0 and 4.75 kg/d for first and second farrowings, respectively. Animals fed 3.3 g/d L-valine retained less N (P less than .10) at d 45 and 90 for two pregnancies than did animals fed higher valine levels. Plasma valine concentrations determined after a 24-h fast and 2 h postfeeding increased sharply (P less than .01) among animals fed more than 5.5 g/d L-valine. There was a treatment X bleeding time interaction (P less than .01) for plasma valine, explained by a postfeeding depression compared with a higher fasting concentration for animals fed 3.3 g/d L-valine. At all other levels of valine, the fasting and postfeeding plasma valine concentrations were equal or increased after feeding. Sow weight gain during the experiment increased (linear, P less than .05) as dietary L-valine increased. Estimated milk yield was greatest for animals fed 5.5 g/d, but average pig gain was maximized at 7.8 g/d L-valine. We conclude that 5.5 g/d L-valine met the requirement for pregnancy in this experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674288 TI - Effects of low-level infections by coccidia and roundworms on the nutritional status of rats fed an adequate diet. AB - Experiments were conducted on male, Sprague-Dawley rats of the same age fed a standard laboratory diet to determine the comparative effects of single and concurrent subclinical infections by coccidia (Eimeria nieschulzi) and roundworms (Nippostrongylus brasiliensis) on nutritional status and metabolism. All infections produced anorexia, but it was more prolonged and intense with the concurrent ones. Feed:gain ratios were increased only by infections by nematodes alone, but average daily gains were reduced beyond the effect of anorexia (i.e., "specifically") only with the double infections. Infections by coccidia only, but not by nematodes only, specifically reduced the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and N; whereas only the apparent N digestibility was specifically reduced by the double infections. Balances of N were reduced in infected rats and pair-fed controls during anoretic periods, but significant differences between the daily means for infected and pair-fed rats occurred only erratically. Specific increases in urinary N loss did not occur with the single infections, but occurred on 2 d with the double ones. Increased losses of fecal N occurred with both coccidial and double infections, but they were much more pronounced in the latter. No effects of infection on the balances or carcass contents of Ca and P occurred. The only significant differences between mean empty carcass densities occurred with the double-infected and free-fed uninfected groups, with the mean for the uninfected group being the higher. PMID- 6674289 TI - Role of bentonite in prevention of T-2 toxicosis in rats. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of bentonite and nonnutritive dietary polymers on toxicity and metabolism of T-2 toxin in rats. Male weanling rats were fed diets containing 5% bentonite, anion exchange resin, cation exchange resin or vermiculite-hydrobiotite. Each diet was fed with and without 3 micrograms T-2 toxin/g of feed for 2 wk. Bentonite and anion exchange resin were the treatments most successful at overcoming growth depression and feed refusal caused by T-2 toxin. Subsequent experiments tested bentonite and anion exchange resin at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% of the diet. Bentonite fed at 10% was the most effective treatment at overcoming feed refusal and growth depression. Rats were fed 0, 5, 7.5 or 10% bentonite for 2 wk and then dosed with [3H] T-2 toxin. Urine and feces were collected for 21 h after dosing and tissues were excised for determination of residual 3H. Feeding bentonite had little effect on the fraction of the dose excreted in the urine. Significant increases in fecal excretion of 3H were shown, when the feeding of 5, 7.5 or 10% bentonite was compared with the casein-based, semi-purified control diet. Dietary bentonite had no effect on residual 3H in liver or kidney, but all concentrations of bentonite tested reduced residual 3H in muscle. More 3H was found in the digesta in the small intestine and in the wall of the intestinal tissue when rats fed 5% bentonite were compared with the controls. Intestinal transit time for rats fed bentonite diets was reduced compared with that of the controls as indicated by chromic oxide marker studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674290 TI - Effect of protein source and lasalocid on nitrogen digestibility and growth by ruminants. AB - Protein supplements having either a high (soybean meal, SBM) or low (escape protein, EP) extent of ruminal N degradability with or without lasalocid (L) were evaluated in digestion and growth trials. The SBM supplement included soybean meal while EP was a combination of dehydrated alfalfa and distillers dried grains. Nitrogen digestibility of SBM supplements was consistently higher than EP supplements when evaluated with two lamb trials. Digestibility of N was improved 8% in trial one (64.9 vs 60.3%) and 27% in trial two (66.3 vs 52.3%) with SBM vs EP. The addition of L to the supplements improved N digestibility by 6% in trial one (64.5 vs 60.6%) and 13% in trial two (62.9 vs 55.7%). No interactions between protein source and L were measured in either trial. Dry matter digestibility was not changed by protein source or L in either trial. Rumen propionate was increased and acetate to propionate ratio decreased when L was fed. Plasma urea N was lower over a 24 h sampling period when lambs were fed EP supplements compared with SBM supplements (11.07 vs 16.44 mg/100 ml); however, L did not appear to consistently alter the values. When steers were supplemented with the same protein sources during a 105-d winter pasture trial daily gains were not affected (P greater than .10) by either protein source or L (.429, .495, .476 and .514 kg/d for SBM, SBM+L, EP and EP+L, respectively) although numerically there did not appear to be main effect improvements due to EP and L.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674291 TI - Effect of supplemented magnesium from magnesium oxide or dolomitic limestone upon digestion and absorption of minerals in sheep. AB - Three metabolism trials were conducted with six lambs fitted with abomasal and ileal cannulae to determine the site of supplemental Mg absorption when supplied as dolomitic limestone or magnesium oxide. Magnesium intake was 1.09 g/d for the lambs fed the control diet and 2.21 and 2.10 g for those fed the dolomitic limestone and magnesium oxide supplemented diets, respectively. Irrespective of its source, the major site of Mg absorption was the preintestinal region. Magnesium was secreted in the small intestine in lambs fed all three diets. Magnesium supplementation resulted in an increase (P less than .05) in preintestinal Mg absorption, with magnesium oxide having the highest value. Supplementation had no effect (P greater than .05) on secretion or absorption of Mg from the small and large intestines or total retention of Mg. With all three diets, the major site of Ca absorption was the stomach region with additional absorption taking place in the large intestine. Calcium was secreted in the small intestine of lambs fed all treatments. Generally, K, Na and P were secreted in the preintestinal region and absorbed from the small and large intestines. The major site of K and P absorption appeared to be the small intestine and for Na, the large intestine. Serum minerals were unchanged (P greater than .05) due to treatment, but the levels of Mg, K and inorganic P tended to be higher in lambs supplemented with either of the Mg sources. It appears that the greater utilization of Mg from magnesium oxide vs dolomitic limestone is due to greater absorption of Mg from the forestomach region. PMID- 6674292 TI - Laidlomycin butyrate--an ionophore with enhanced intraruminal activity. AB - The polyether ionophore, laidlomycin, and several acyl derivatives were tested for their ability to favorably alter fermentation in two types of in vitro rumen fluid incubations. Dose response data were used to estimate the concentration (microgram/ml) of each ionophore required for either 50% maximal enhancement of propionic acid production (EC50) or 50% maximal inhibition of lactic acid production (IC50). Acylation of laidlomycin with straight-chain acyl groups from two to 12 carbon atoms tended to improve the potency of laidlomycin, especially for inhibiting lactic acid production. Comparative incubations using laidlomycin butyrate, laidlomycin and monensin indicated that both laidlomycin butyrate (EC50 = .3) and monensin (EC50 = .7) were more potent enhancers of propionic acid production than laidlomycin (EC50 = 2.0; P less than .05). Laidlomycin butyrate (IC50 = .3) was a more potent inhibitor of lactic acid production than either laidlomycin (IC50 = 1.8) or monensin (IC50 = 1.3; P less than .05). In a continuous culture experiment, three chemostats each received laidlomycin butyrate or monensin at the rate of .5 micrograms/ml of effluent/d while two flasks remained as control. Propionic acid production was increased (P less than .01) from 22.9 mmol/d in control flasks to 30.5 and 33.7 mmol/d in flasks treated with monensin and laidlomycin butyrate, respectively. Concomitant decreases in production rates of acetic, butyric and isovaleric acids also were observed (P less than .01). Thirty-six steers were used in a 56-d trial to evaluate effects of laidlomycin butyrate and monensin, at 33 mg/kg of diet, on feedlot performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674293 TI - Semitendinosis muscle development in several strains of fetal and perinatal pigs. AB - At 110 d of gestation, fetuses were removed from Ossabaw, Yorkshire and crossbred sows and from sows selected for high (obese) or for low (lean) backfat thickness. Ossabaw and obese fetuses were smaller than lean, Yorkshire and crossbred fetuses (595 +/- 32 and 863 +/- 44 g vs 1,030 +/- 77, 1,380 +/- 1,144 +/- 80 g; means +/- SE), respectively. Minimum fiber diameters in the semitendinosus muscle were larger in obese, lean and Ossabaw fetuses than in Yorkshire and crossbred fetuses (12.9 +/- .3, 12.5 +/- .2 and 11.8 +/- .2 micron vs 10.2 +/- .2 and 11.1 +/- .8 micron), respectively. Histochemical analysis for NADH-tetrazoleum reductase (NADH-TR) and esterase activities indicated no fiber type differentiation and no strain differences. Fiber type differentiation was obvious with acid ATPase histochemistry in muscles from all fetuses. The white portion of the semitendinosus from Ossabaw, obese and lean fetuses had many fibers that contained no histochemically detectable lipid (oil red O staining). The unstained fibers (oil red O) were always the most peripherally located fibers in a fasciculi. In some instances, 50% of the fibers in a fasciculi were not stained for lipid. All the fibers in the red portion of muscle from Ossabaw, obese and lean fetuses contained lipid. All the fibers in the red and white portions of muscles from crossbred and Yorkshire fetuses contained lipid. Muscles from young (1 to 2 d old) Ossabaw, Yorkshire and crossbred pigs were also histochemically analyzed. Analysis for NADH-TR, esterase and alkaline phosphatase (capillary staining) activities indicated no fiber type differentiation and no strain differences. As in the fetuses, the white portion of muscle from Ossabaw pigs had many fibers with no lipid (oil red O). Lipid was present in all fibers in the deep portions of muscle from Ossabaws and in all fibers in both portions of muscle from crossbred and Yorkshire pigs. These results indicate that when lipid staining is used as the criterion, fiber type differentiation is evident in muscle from fetuses and young pigs from strains not genetically selected for muscling (Ossabaw, obese and lean strains). Furthermore, fiber type differentiation is not evident in muscle from strains of pigs genetically selected for greater muscling (crossbred and Yorkshires). PMID- 6674294 TI - Satellite cell and myonuclei populations in rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles after maternal nutritional deprivation and realimentation. AB - The manner and rate of nuclear proliferation and accumulation in rat skeletal muscle was investigated using a model of induced permanent growth impairment in rats to gain additional insight into the regulation of skeletal muscle growth. Comparisons were made at 1, 21 and 175 d between control progeny and progeny of dams restricted during gestation and lactation to 50% the daily feed intake of ad libitum fed controls, followed by realimentation after weaning. Estimates of total satellite cells/muscle were lower (P less than .01) in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of restricted progeny at 21 and 175 d. Estimates of total satellite cells/muscle increased nearly twofold between 21 and 175 d in the soleus and decreased slightly in EDL in both treatment groups. Satellite cell concentration expressed as a percentage of total muscle nuclei was not different between restricted and control progeny at either 1 or 175 d. However, while satellite cell percentages decreased about 50% between 1 and 21 d in controls, they remained at initial levels in restricted progeny. Incidence of satellite cells/muscle fiber (satellite cell concentration) decreased between 1 and 21 d in control soleus and EDL, but remained unchanged or was slightly higher in soleus and EDL of restricted progeny at 21 d. Incidence of satellite cells continued to decrease between 21 and 175 d in restricted and control EDL and restricted soleus, but was unchanged in control soleus. Incidence of myonuclei/fiber (myonuclei concentration) increased with age (P less than .005), was not affected by growth impairment either before or after realimentation and was higher (P less than .005) in soleus than EDL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674295 TI - Infrared flash synchronization. PMID- 6674296 TI - The anatomy of discovery. PMID- 6674297 TI - Photography and the response of voltage sensitive liquid crystals to blood and plasma exposed to high voltage. PMID- 6674298 TI - A guide to the photography of cleared small bone specimens. PMID- 6674299 TI - Serum magnesium levels in cases of acute myocardial infarction and its prognostic significance. PMID- 6674300 TI - Bumetanide in congestive cardiac failure. PMID- 6674301 TI - Serum digoxin estimation in adults by a non-RIA method (an 86Rb uptake inhibition study). PMID- 6674302 TI - Carotid angiography in acute cerebrovascular accidents. PMID- 6674303 TI - Value of maximal treadmill exercise test to screen asymptomatic persons for coronary artery disease. PMID- 6674305 TI - Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6674304 TI - Hypereosinophilic syndrome. PMID- 6674306 TI - Renal biopsy. PMID- 6674307 TI - Filariasis, chyluria and chylous effusion. PMID- 6674308 TI - A drug interaction between clonidine and enphenamic acid. PMID- 6674309 TI - Thalamic abscess. PMID- 6674311 TI - VII. International Symposium on Column Liquid Chromatography. Baden-Baden (F.R.G.), May 3-6, 1983. PMID- 6674312 TI - Determination of picogram levels of brain catecholamines and indoles by a simplified liquid chromatographic electrochemical detection method. AB - A simple and rapid method for the simultaneous determination of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in rat brain regions by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection has been developed. Perchloric acid extracts of the tissue were directly analyzed in the HPLC system. Each of these compounds gave a linear response over the range of 10-320 ng/ml cerebellar homogenate (0.2-6.4 ng on column). Analytical recoveries of these compounds added to the homogenates were complete when compared with standards dissolved in perchloric acid. The average between-run coefficients of variation for all these compounds were lower than 6.7%, over the range of 10-320 ng/ml, whereas the within-run coefficients of variation at 10 ng/ml were lower than 6.9%. Under the present instrumental and mobile phase conditions, all compounds were readily oxidized at 0.72 V vs. a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The present method has been applied to a study determining the basal levels of these compounds in several rat brain regions as well as levels after medium raphe lesions. PMID- 6674313 TI - On-line screening for drug metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array UV detector. AB - Rapid screening for and selection of potential metabolites of urapidil in dog urine by high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis is achieved by use of a diode array UV detector, which allows multi-wavelength detection and collects several complete UV spectra from each peak in the course of a single chromatographic analysis. Because of the similarity of metabolite spectra to the spectrum of the parent compound, few interesting peaks are picked out, rather rapidly, by means of a selection criterion based on absorption ratios. Inspection of the complete UV spectra of these pre-selected peaks allows further restriction to "candidate" metabolite peaks. Comparison of up-slope, apex and down-slope spectra is a convenient way of testing for peak purity. PMID- 6674310 TI - Dysautonomia in acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. PMID- 6674314 TI - Direct determination of phenylalanine in serum extracts of phenylketonuria patients by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method for direct determination of phenylalanine (Phe) in serum extract by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with an octadecylsilane column has been devised. Phe is monitored at 220 nm with a UV detector. The mobile phase is a mixture of methanol and water (10:90) with added phosphoric acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate and has a pH value of 4.3. The minimum detectable amount is 6 ng. The average contents of Phe found for healthy adults and children are 12 and 15 micrograms/ml respectively. Phe contents of sera of three phenylketonuria children are about 10 to 15 times higher than these values. PMID- 6674315 TI - Elimination of peak deformation in the liquid chromatographic separation of a strongly protein-bound drug from directly injected blood plasma samples. AB - Direct injection of blood plasma samples into reversed-phase columns resulted in skewed chromatographic peaks for the drug naproxen. The skew is shown to be due to strong binding of naproxen to albumin present in the blood plasma. Methods to eliminate the peak skew have been investigated. They include changes of the composition of the eluent and of the sample solution in order to decrease the degree of binding of the drug to albumin. The methods studied were dilution, addition of displacers, change of pH and change of methanol concentration. Calculations based on known binding constants indicate that the degree of peak skew was directly influenced by the degree of protein binding of the drug in the sample solution. PMID- 6674316 TI - Determination of sugars (and betaine) in molasses by high-performance liquid chromatography. Comparison of the results with those obtained by the classical Lane-Eynon method. AB - The adaptability of four different high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) columns (ion exchangers in the sodium and calcium forms, ODS and NH2) for the analysis of sugars in molasses was studied. Some sample pre-treatment procedures were also examined. A strong cation-exchange column in the sodium form was the most suitable for the determination of both sugars in cane molasses and sugars and betaine in beet molasses. The only necessary pre-treatment was filtration of the diluted molasses sample through a 0.22-micron membrane before injection. HPLC gave lower sugar contents than the classical Lane-Eynon method. The lower values are more reliable, because the HPLC method eliminates interferents from the sugars. PMID- 6674317 TI - Measurement of conjugated bile acids by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Vhe quantitatively most important conjugated bile acids in man were separated by reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography without prior derivatization. As non-polar matrix an Ultrasphere I.P. column (C18) was used, and an ionic alkyl compound, tetrabutylammonium phosphate, was added to the mobile phase, which was a mixture of acetonitrile and water. Under these conditions, the glycine and taurine conjugates of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid were separated within 15 min. At 214 nm, the minimum measurable concentration was 1.3 2.0 nmol/ml. The average recovery from bile was 94%. In ten patients with biliary drainage an average of 79.5% of the bile acids were glycine conjugates. PMID- 6674319 TI - On-line high-performance liquid affinity chromatography-high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of monomeric ribonucleoside compounds in biological fluids. AB - We describe an on-line multi-dimensional column chromatography system. It consists of a high-performance liquid affinity chromatography perfractionation column for cis-diol compounds and a series-connected reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography system for the analysis of ribonucleosides. This on-line procedure allows the rapid and direct analysis of methylated ribonucleic acid catabolites in biological fluids (serum, urine) and therefore might be useful in pathobiochemistry. PMID- 6674318 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of naturally occurring 8-, 7-, 6-, 5- and 4-carboxylic porphyrin isomers. AB - Naturally occurring 8-, 7-, 6-, 5- and 4-carboxylic porphyrin isomers are separated on C18 reversed-phase columns with various proportions (13-31%, v/v) of acetonitrile in 1 M ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.16) as the mobile phases. Hydrophobic interaction between the porphyrin side chain substituents and the C18 hydrophobic surface is the main retention mechanism. Ion-exchange behaviour is also observed, but this does not influence the relative retention of the isomers. All possible forms of the decarboxylation intermediates of uroporphyrinogen III are detected in normal and porphyric urine, and the results provide conclusive evidence for the existence of decarboxylation pathways other than the currently accepted clockwise sequence, starting at the ring D acetic acid group of uroporphyrinogen III. PMID- 6674320 TI - [Use of the dia-contact method in ophthalmology. A new method of fluorescein angiography presentation]. AB - An innovative presentation of fluorescein angiograms on radiographic film, called "dia-contact", is described. Photographs are produced by the classical procedure of contact-printing on subtraction film and are of very high quality resolution. Less expensive than conventional prints, the resultant document is easy to copy and file. The reading of this document with the help of two + 10 lenses, allows a sequential analysis of the angiogram and a stereoscopic interpretation alternatively. The image can be enlarged without loss of resolution by means of a microfilm reader device. This method requires a certain amount of self discipline, in that a new habit must be learned. However it rapidly proved itself invaluable in the author's daily practice. PMID- 6674321 TI - [Functional amblyopia. Physiopathology, clinical pathology, methods of testing]. PMID- 6674322 TI - [The lacrimal film, structure and stability]. AB - The precorneal tear film is important in preserving the integrity of the corneal epithelium. One of several quantitative and qualitative clinical evaluation of the tear film is the determination of break-up time (BUT). Although controversial, this test is an important index of tear film physiology. The test depends upon the viscosity, surface tension and geometry of the tear film. The system is therefore ill-defined and current practices of bio-microscopic examination do not take into account the real nature of the called "dry spot". In this paper, we describe an innovative method of microscopic examination of the wetting film formed on the eye. The method is based on physico-chemical studies of thin wetting film (thin liquid film formed on solid surface). A freshly enucleated eye is immerged in a physiological solution and a thin wetting film is formed by bringing an air bubble into contact with a corneal epithelium. The examination of the wetting film is done using a specially-constructed device which simultaneously enables the deliver of an air bubble and the ability to observe the formed bubble. The observed interference colours provide information about the thickness and homogeneity of the liquid film. One can also observe the nature of lipid droplets floating at the surface of the tear aqueous phase by this technique. The study of the stability and rupture of thin films formed on freshly enucleated normal rabbit or rat eyes shows that the corneal epithelium is perfectly wettable as long as the epithelial cells had not suffered any irreversible damage. "Dry spot" are in reality microscopically thin fluid films with a thickness of several hundred nanometers. PMID- 6674323 TI - [Geographic and helicoid choroidopathies. Clinical and angiographic study; attempted classification]. AB - Among the helicoid and geographic (or serpiginous) choroidopathies, several entities can be distinguished which differ in their clinical evolution, morphology, angiographic appearance and pathophysiology. The entity is a chorioretinal heredodystrophy characterized by tonguelike strips of choroidal atrophy radiating starlike, from the optic disc. The evolution lasts many years (up to 20 or more), with slow progression and no inflammatory stages. Other types originate from occlusion of one or several short ciliary vessels, or at least of the corresponding choriocapillary network. Inflammation is always present initially. In the acute stage, there are localized or lobular areas of exudation. After an evolution of variable duration, up to 4-5 years, exudation is followed by atrophy and formation of scars at times helicoidal in configuration but somewhat more irregular than the dystrophic entity. Similar scars around the optic disc or in the posterior pole sometimes arise from a generalized vasculopathy e.g. a giant cell arteritis. Several typical cases are presented to demonstrate the variety of manifestations that constitute tentative system of classification. PMID- 6674324 TI - [Hypertensive retinopathy]. AB - Retinal blood vessels differ from most other vessels in the body (with the exception of those in the brain) in two important respects. The first is the presence of blood-retinal barriers, best illustrated by fluorescein angiography. The second important difference is that retinal vessels do not have sympathetic innervation and blood flow is modulated by autoregulation mechanisms. In 1939 Keith, Wagener and Barker proposed a classification system for hypertensive retinopathy which was innovative and of prognostic importance at that time. However, the different features of hypertensive and arteriosclerotic vasculopathies are not adequately distinguished by this classification system. Clinical features of accelerated hypertension are retinal haemorrhages, cotton wool-spots, hard exudates, papilloedema and increased vascular permeability. These must be differentiated from features associated with arteriosclerosis which are arteriovenous crossing changes and arterial constriction. The advantages of the Hogan classification system, based up on histopathologic and pathogenetic considerations are discussed. Other retinal vascular diseases associated with hypertension are also mentioned. Such as toxaemia of pregnancy, arterial macroaneurysm and anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Retinal branch vein occlusion is rather associated with arteriosclerosis than with hypertension. PMID- 6674325 TI - Small scale field trials with Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis H-14 strain against larvae of anopheline and culicine mosquitoes. PMID- 6674326 TI - Post measles complications in a rural population. PMID- 6674327 TI - Morbidity pattern in the eastern railway population. PMID- 6674328 TI - Susceptibility of Indian dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) to insecticides. PMID- 6674329 TI - Health education to the school children through the staff of Urban Malaria and Filaria Schemes under National Malaria Eradication Programme--India. PMID- 6674331 TI - On the presence of Leptotrombidium (L) deliense in district Bastar, Madhya Pradesh. PMID- 6674332 TI - A simple derotation apparatus. PMID- 6674330 TI - A note on sandflies of Jammu area. PMID- 6674334 TI - Affective disorders: analysis of 175 patients. PMID- 6674333 TI - Report on rabies in West Bengal. PMID- 6674335 TI - Causative allergens and the results of specific hyposensitisation in nasobronchial allergies. PMID- 6674336 TI - Observations on diabetic foot. PMID- 6674337 TI - Meatoplasty. PMID- 6674338 TI - Self-mutilation of female genitalia as a cause of vaginal bleeding. PMID- 6674340 TI - Stromal sarcoma of the breast. PMID- 6674339 TI - Primary carcinoid tumour of the testis. PMID- 6674341 TI - Ruptured splenic abscess. PMID- 6674342 TI - Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome. PMID- 6674343 TI - Reperforation of peptic ulcer. PMID- 6674344 TI - Pregnancy in rudimentary horn. PMID- 6674345 TI - Exercise induced rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure. PMID- 6674346 TI - Human rabies and antirabies vaccine. PMID- 6674347 TI - Socio-economic and demographic study of factors influencing fertility control in India. PMID- 6674348 TI - Bacterial, fungal and parasitic flora in vaginitis. PMID- 6674350 TI - Adult intussusception in Allahabad. PMID- 6674349 TI - Chronic liver disease in Afghanistan: contribution of hepatitis viruses. PMID- 6674351 TI - Ocular changes in Kyasanur forest disease. PMID- 6674352 TI - Clinical, radiological and pulmonary function studies in pneumonias. PMID- 6674353 TI - Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. PMID- 6674354 TI - Bilateral testicular rupture. PMID- 6674355 TI - Myocarditis associated with hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 6674356 TI - Spinal cord compression by metastatic testicular embryonal carcinoma. PMID- 6674357 TI - Agenesis of gall bladder. PMID- 6674359 TI - Ocular rhinosporidiosis. PMID- 6674358 TI - Spontaneous delivery of giant urethral calculus. PMID- 6674360 TI - Unusual radiological changes in metacarpals, metatarsals and phalanges in rickets. PMID- 6674361 TI - Caesarean section on the rise. PMID- 6674362 TI - Residency programme in family medicine/general practice. PMID- 6674363 TI - Worldwide control of hepatitis B. Proceedings of a symposium held in Athens, Greece, l5 November 1982. PMID- 6674364 TI - Worldwide strategy to control hepatitis B. PMID- 6674365 TI - Immune responses to active and passive-active vaccination against hepatitis B. PMID- 6674367 TI - The preparation and safety of hepatitis B vaccine. AB - Preparation of hepatitis B vaccine in our laboratories consists of a series of steps that include initial concentration of surface antigen by ammonium sulphate precipitation, followed by isopycnic banding and rate zonal centrifugation in a K II centrifuge. The partially purified antigen concentrate is digested with pepsin at pH 2 and the antigen is unfolded in 8 M urea solution followed by renaturation. After gel filtration, the antigen is treated with formalin in I :4000 dilution, adsorbed on to alum, and preserved with thimerosal. The final product contains essentially pure hepatitis B surface antigen. The process relies both on physical elimination of infectious virus particles and treatment with highly viral-destructive reagents in the pepsin (pH 2), urea and formalin steps. The process is known to be highly destructive of all known viruses tested and to include procedures that are known to be highly destructive of representatives of all known groups of animal viral agents. The three-step process in inactivation provides a fail-safe system for establishing safety of the product. Tests in more than 20000 persons, who are under surveillance, have shown no untoward effect and have confirmed the safety of the product. PMID- 6674366 TI - Hepatitis B and the dental profession: response to hepatitis B vaccine in Canadian dental personnel. A study by the Canadian Red Cross Collaborative Group. AB - Reports from North America and Western Europe based on the prevalence of hepatitis B virus markers and frequency of hepatitis B in dentists indicate that this professional group is at increased risk of HBV infection. We gave hepatitis B vaccine (Merck Sharp and Dohme) to 251 dental students and faculty/staff members at faculties of dentistry in three Canadian universities. Participants received three 20 micrograms doses of vaccine, at 0, 1 and 5.5 months. Anti-HBs was detected in 42.9 per cent of persons after the first dose of vaccine, in 96.8 per cent after the second dose and in 99.6 per cent after the third dose. A follow-up of 150 persons 22 months after the first dose of vaccine indicated that high or medium levels of anti-HBs were maintained in nearly 87 per cent of the participants and only six per cent had no detectable antibody. Female vaccinees in each age group developed anti-HBs more promptly, and more of them were in the high antibody-response range in comparison to male participants. There were no unacceptable reactions to the vaccine. Our favourable experience with this vaccine would support recommendations for its routine use among dental professionals in Canada and other countries where this group is at increased risk of HBV infection. PMID- 6674368 TI - Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in staff and patients in renal dialysis units. AB - Anti-HBs response was detected in 96 per cent of staff members in three haemodialysis units after three 20 microgram doses of hepatitis B vaccine and in 82 per cent of adult patients treated with three 40 microgram doses. The percentage of responders and levels of antibody remained unchanged at 12 months from the beginning of the trial. Three out of six children injected with three 20 microgram doses in a paediatric haemodialysis unit remained free from markers of HBV infection and had high levels of anti-HBs after the second dose of vaccine. The other three children who developed serological markers of HBV infection seroconverted to anti-HBc within six months from the first dose and, in one of them, antigenaemia at three and four months was detected. PMID- 6674369 TI - Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in drug addicts. AB - Drug addicts are at high risk of hepatitis B infection and are therefore candidates for vaccination against hepatitis B. Since drug addicts may have an impaired immune response, and low compliance for therapy extending over several months, we evaluated a vaccination scheme according to the instruction of the manufacturer (HB- Vax 20 micrograms at zero, one and six months) in drug addicts using daily methadone (Group M), in drug addicts in residential detoxification programmes (Group D), and in treatment centre staff who were seronegative for hepatitis Bs (Group S). All 23 controls and 20 of 21 of Group D completed the vaccination programme, in contrast to 14 of 24 in Group M. Anti-HBs developed in 91 per cent of Group S and in all addicts tested at six months. Anti-HBs titres at seven months were higher than 100 RIA units in 55 per cent of Group S, in 94 per cent of Group D and in 44 per cent of Group M. We conclude that HB- Vax induces production of anti-HBs equally well in drug addicts and in controls: a shorter-duration vaccination schedule might be more appropriate for 'non-captive' drug addicts living outside therapeutic communities. PMID- 6674371 TI - Immunogenicity and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in normal children and in patients with thalassaemia. PMID- 6674370 TI - Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in newborns. AB - Three injections of 10 microgram/ml hepatitis B vaccine (Merck) given in the first week after birth, a month later and again at the age of six months to 63 neonates in a rural African population, elicited an antibody response in 93 per cent. The initial hepatitis B marker status of the babies and mothers did not influence the results at nine months. Side-effects were minor and we conclude that the vaccine can effectively and safely be used from birth in endemic situations. PMID- 6674372 TI - Reduction of the dose of hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 6674373 TI - An account of a pilot hepatitis B vaccination programme for high-risk individuals in Zurich. PMID- 6674374 TI - Hepatitis B vaccination strategy for health-care workers in a country of intermediate hepatitis B endemicity. PMID- 6674376 TI - [Urethral duplication in boys. Apropos of 16 new cases]. AB - A total of 16 cases of urethral duplication in boys have been treated over a period of 20 years. Applying the classification described by Innes Williams cases could be divided into: epispadial urethral duplications, hypospadial duplications, spindle urethras, bifid urethras with an accessory preanal branch, and finally collateral duplications. The 16 cases reported were an epispadial double urethra (3 duplicated and 2 bifid) in 5 cases, a hypospadial duplication (4 bifid and 6 blind urethras) in 10 cases, and a bifid urethra with an accessory preanal branch in one case. Not one of the other forms was observed. Treatment of epispadial double urethras consisted mainly of almost total ablation of the supernumerary urethra with freeing of the corpus cavernosum when dorsal incurving developed during erection. The blind forms associated with the hypospadias in hypospadial duplications have no incidence on treatment. In the incomplete forms, treatment is based on four principles: the impossibility of using the superior urethra which extends to the end of the penis, as it is to narrow, implying its opening up to the region facing the hypospadial meatus and the transformation of this incomplete urethral duplication into a single orifice hypospadias; endoscopic resection of the mucosal folds producing a valve effect at the junction between the 2 urethras; the need to straighten an angled penis; and finally the performance of a urethroplasty using the same rules as for surgery of hypospadias. Treatment of bifid urethras with accessory preanal branches depends on the condition of the principal urethra. When this is normal it is sufficient to excise the accessory branch.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674375 TI - Summary of worldwide clinical experience with H-B-Vax (B, MSD). PMID- 6674377 TI - [Compression of the pelvic ureter by a hypogastric aneurysm]. AB - An isolated aneurysm of the right hypogastric artery provoked ureteral compression responsible for renal colic and evidence of uretero-pyelo-caliceal dilatation on I.V.U. Diagnostic features are reviewed and emphasis laid on the severe course of this affection which justifies urgent surgery associating vascular reconstruction, ureterolysis and ureteral reimplantation. PMID- 6674378 TI - [Ureteral lithiasis: excision by ureteroscopy]. AB - The authors report the first 6 cases in the world of removal of ureteric stones under visual control with the aid of a rigid ureteroscope . In 5 of the 6 cases, the authors were able to extract the stone endoscopically. The only failure was a case in which the stone was too large for the Dormia basket. The only source of difficulty was passing the ureteric meatus. A very small meatotomy may be required. Only the future will tell whether this results in reflux. PMID- 6674379 TI - [Prognosis of venous and lymphatic invasion in cancers of the renal parenchyma treated with enlarged nephrectomy]. AB - Fifty-three (22 p. 100) of 247 cases of renal parenchyma cancer seen between 1963 and 1978 were Robson's stage III cancers. Of the 211 patients treated by enlarged nephrectomy 18 (8.5 p. 100) had lymph node invasion, 35 venous extension without lymph node involvement, and 8 simultaneous spread into the large renal vessels or inferior vena cava and lymph nodes. Of the 10 patients N+ V0 operated upon, one died postoperatively and 7 from cancer, including 6 with a less than 5-year survival. There are only two survivors. Only one of the 8 patients with both lymph node and vein involvement operated upon is still alive. Ten (58.8 p. 100) of the 17 patients undergoing surgery with renal vein extension but no invasion of the inferior vena cava or lymph nodes, and truly exposed to a 5-year postoperative follow-up period, lived for 5 years and 9 of these are still alive. Invasion of the inferior vena cava in the absence of lymph node involvement (11 cases operated) produced no recurrence of the tumor in 5 patients after a prolonged follow-up period. These findings, together with those published in the literature, suggest the need for modifying Robson's classification. PMID- 6674380 TI - [Results of reconstructive surgery of renal artery stenosis in children]. AB - The authors report their experience of 20 cases of renal artery stenosis in children, seen over the last ten years. The stenosis was latent in 8 of the 20 cases and was usually discovered during investigation for headaches or a complication of hypertension. The search for a renal cause involved the use of urography (which shows the classical signs of asymmetrical kidney size, delayed excretion, very sharp image, asymmetry on the fluid load test) (19 of the 20 cases) and arteriography which, in 5 cases, showed a bilateral lesion. Almost all of the anatomical lesions were situated in the arterial trunk (20 out of 25), 4 lesions were at the bifurcation of the trunk and only one lesion involved a branch. The most common lesions were dysplasia and hyperplasia of the arterial wall. These lesions were treated by aorto-renal by-pass grafting (without any synthetic prosthesis) in 8 cases, by direct re-implantation into the aorta in 5 cases, by spleno-renal anastomosis in 5 cases, by resection and anastomosis in 4 cases, by enlargement venous angioplasty in 1 case and by auto-transplantation in 1 case. The following results were obtained: 9 cures (45%), 3 moderate results (15%) and 8 failures (40%), including 7 cases of early thrombosis and 1 delayed stenosis. The cases treated by direct aorto-renal re-implantation or by resection and end-to-end anastomosis were always successful. The failures occurred in children operated by one of the other techniques of arterial repair. Surgery provided these authors with excellent or satisfactory results in 60% of cases. PMID- 6674381 TI - [Embolization of the inferior mesenteric artery in hemorrhagic bladder neoplasms after failure of hypogastric arteries embolization]. AB - The authors report 3 cases of revascularisation through the inferior mesenteric artery of bladder tumors which had previously been treated by transcatheter occlusion of both hypogastric arteries because hemorrhage. New uncomplicated embolizations of the inferior mesenteric artery are performed in 2 cases and recurrency of the bleeding was stopped. PMID- 6674382 TI - [Adenomatoid tumor of the tunica vaginalis testis. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - The authors report five cases of adenomatoid tumour of the tunica vaginalis. Two cases were located on the epididymis and two on the tunica albuginea of the testis. In each case, a limited excision of the tumour without removal of the testis resulted in a cure, confirmed by a follow-up of three years. A histological examination at the time of the operation revealed the exact nature of the lesion in each case, thereby preventing the unnecessary excision of the gonad. The authors then review the literature on the subject with particular mention of the histopathology, the classification of these tumours, the clinical features and the treatment. They stress that in the majority of cases, mesotheliomas of the tunica vaginalis are benign and can be treated with limited excision and conservation of the testis. However, a few malignant forms have been described, hence the need for a careful histological examination. PMID- 6674383 TI - [5 rare tumors of the testicle]. AB - 5 cases of extremely rare testicular tumours are related in the subject, 2 cases of non hodgkinian malignant Lymphoma, 1 case of leiomyosarcoma in the testis and epididymis , Leydig, Cell. Tumour, Pick's Adenoma. These cases result from the study of a series of investigated testicular tumours between 1960 and 1970. This delay of publication enables the adequate set back for some cases. A 3% frequency of rare tumours in the study of the testicular tumours investigated from 1955 to 1978. The scientific study has been brought up to date, but it is necessary to remember the different possibilities of investigation and treatment which were very limited with regard to the large range of possibilities Actually at our disposal. PMID- 6674384 TI - [Thrombosis of the dorsal vein of the penis. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of thrombosis of the dorsal vein of the penis are reported and the clinical features and course of this benign lesion outlined. Diagnosis follows observation of edema of the foreskin with an indurated cord-like dorsal vein on palpation. Recovery usually occurs spontaneously or after anti-inflammatory treatment. PMID- 6674385 TI - [Genetic markers in papillary cancer of the bladder]. AB - The distribution of the phenotypes and the gene frequency of the 3rd fraction of complement (C3), the specific group (Gc), haptoglobin (Hp) and transferrin were studied in 133 patients with transitional cell cancer of the bladder (papillary cancer). Statistical analysis of these results, in comparison with the frequency of these genes in the general population, was unable to demonstrate a correlation between the distribution of these phenotypes and papillary cancer. PMID- 6674386 TI - Erythroid and granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells in primary acquired sideroblastic anemia. AB - In order to study the pathogenesis of primary acquired sideroblastic anemia (PASA), bone marrow and/or peripheral blood specimens obtained from four patients with PASA were cultured for erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E), erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E), and granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units (GM CFU). The number of CFU-E was markedly decreased in all four patients. CFU-E colonies consisted exclusively of normal-appearing erythroblasts, while ringed sideroblasts were observed only in scattered single erythroblasts or in small erythroblast aggregates. In one case, very few BFU-E colonies containing both normal-appearing erythroblasts and ringed sideroblasts were detected. In addition, the number of GM-CFU was significantly decreased in three out of the four cases. These findings may suggest that there are abnormalities in the pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells at least in some cases of PASA. PMID- 6674387 TI - In vitro activation of dacarbazine (DTIC) for a human tumor cloning system. AB - Dacarbazine (DTIC) is an agent with clinical activity against human malignant melanoma. We have explored two methods for activating DTIC so it may be used in vitro in a human tumor cloning system. The activation of DTIC by white light was found to be a viable alternative to utilizing a microsome plus cofactor system for bioactivation. The microsome plus cofactor system itself actually caused some inhibition of tumor colony formation. Light activation of DTIC appears to be a reliable and simple method which allows testing of DTIC in an in vitro soft agar culture system. PMID- 6674388 TI - The stimulation of rat bone marrow fibroblast colony formation by 2 mercaptoethanol. AB - The definition of the function of bone marrow stromal cells in the regulation of hematopoiesis has been complicated by the limited growth of these cells in vitro. We have demonstrated that the addition of 2-mercaptoethanol to rat bone marrow cultures enhances bone marrow fibroblast proliferation as evidenced by a 2-fold increase in the total number of fibroblast colonies and a 5-fold increase in the number of these colonies which contain more than 80 cells. We also present evidence suggesting that enhancement of fibroblast growth may not be due to direct action of 2-mercaptoethanol, but may result from the activation of a serum component. The results from this study should facilitate further research into the function of bone marrow fibroblasts in the regulation of hematopoietic cell differentiation. PMID- 6674389 TI - The production of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) positive cells in cultures of human pluripotent hemopoietic progenitor cells. AB - A transient increase in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positive (TdT+) cells was observed during the early phase of (less than or equal to day 5) cultures supporting the growth of pluripotent myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-mix). T-cell growth-promoting medium and erythropoietin were not required. The rapidity with which TdT+ cells appeared in cultures and the results of cultures where TdT+ cells were high initially (greater than 800 cells/culture) were not consistent with their having been produced by proliferation of pre-existing TdT+ cells from the bone marrow inoculum. The results suggest production of TdT+ cells from a TdT negative precursor either by altered enzyme expression or by production of TdT+ progeny. PMID- 6674390 TI - [Electrical impedance pneumography with a catheter electrode in the pulmonary artery--monitoring intrapulmonary water volume]. PMID- 6674391 TI - [Left ventricular function before and after the surgery of mitral regurgitation. Relation between regurgitant fraction and left ventricular function]. PMID- 6674392 TI - [Long-term follow-up after the surgical correction of persistent atrioventricular canal, with special reference to the repair of the mitral cleft]. PMID- 6674393 TI - [Intraoperative autotransfusion combined with temporary bypass procedure for the surgery of thoracic aneurysm]. PMID- 6674394 TI - [Clinical studies of chronic tuberculous pleurisy with persisting hemorrhagic lesion]. PMID- 6674395 TI - [Changes in hemodynamics and endocrine system during open heart surgery- differences between ischemic heart disease and mitral valvular disease]. PMID- 6674396 TI - [Surgical correction of isolated congenital mitral valve regurgitation--report of 7 cases]. PMID- 6674397 TI - [Operative stabilization of traumatic flail chest successfully achieved with orthopedic metal plates--a case report]. PMID- 6674398 TI - [Cervical aortic arch associated with aortic kinking and aneurysm]. PMID- 6674399 TI - [2-step operation of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and hypoplastic right ventricle]. PMID- 6674401 TI - [A control program for an electronic typewriter by a hand-held computer: a simple word-processor for biochemical papers]. PMID- 6674400 TI - [Aminotransferases and animal species]. PMID- 6674402 TI - [Simulation of mass spectra of deuterated compounds by personal computer]. PMID- 6674404 TI - Primary carcinoma in situ and dysplasia of the upper urinary tract: microspectrophotometric study of nuclear DNA content. PMID- 6674403 TI - [Evaluation of cellular change to malignancy by tissue localization of blood group antigens, A, B, O(H) and carcino-fetal proteins (CEA, HCG)]. PMID- 6674405 TI - [Combination therapy of radiation and immunomodulators in the treatment of MM 46 tumor transplanted in C3H/He mice. Histological and histoenzymatic studies using alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase staining]. PMID- 6674406 TI - [Implant operation of penile prosthesis in erectile impotence patients who underwent intrapelvic cancer surgery]. PMID- 6674408 TI - [Experimental study for growth kinetics of residual tumor cells after surgery]. PMID- 6674407 TI - Studies on the effect of oral administration of 5-FU emulsion as an adjuvant to surgical treatment of gastric cancer. PMID- 6674409 TI - [Specific type stomach neoplasms: report based on the questionnaires of the 40th Stomach Cancer Research Group]. PMID- 6674410 TI - [Demography and genetics. The usefulness of geneologic data banks]. AB - The authors have tried to answer an essential question: the usefulness of data bases in Genetics and Demography. Problems concerning the collect and the treatment by computer of registers of population have been presented. The usefulness of the genealogic reconstitutions for all the fields of the research, particularly for historic demography, genetic and medical research, both basic and applied, is presented. PMID- 6674411 TI - [Fronto-nasal dysplasia (apropos of 4 cases)]. AB - Four cases of frontonasal dysplasia are reported in two boys and two girls. Clinical diagnosis was made at 16 months in one case and sooner in 3 cases (1 month-3 1/2 months) in presence of following features: severe hypertelorism (4/4), paramedian lip and palate cleft (3/4), nose root broadering (4/4), bifid or cleft nose tip (3/4), window's peak (3/4) mediofrontal swelling (4/4), cranium bifidum occultum (2/4). Many abnormalities were associated: conduction deafness (1/4), goldenhar syndrome (1/4), GH deficiency (1/4), etc... In three cases when cerebral investigation was possible, it was pointed out: corpus callosum agenesis (3/3), hydrocephalus (3/3), Dandy-Walker cyst (2/3). Caryotype is normal in whole cases which are sporadic. Two children are dead. The two alive remaining have severe mental impairment. PMID- 6674412 TI - Ring chromosome 14. A distinct clinical entity. AB - In this report two non consanguineous children are presented with strikingly similar phenotypes confirming the existence of a characteristic phenotype due to a ring chromosome 14 formation. PMID- 6674413 TI - Sister chromatid exchange in patients affected by severe psoriasis. AB - An analysis of the sister chromatid exchanges has been carried out in lymphocytes from patients suffering from a severe form of psoriasis--pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch), eruptive psoriasis vulgaris (more than 30% of the skin surface), severe arthropathic psoriasis and psoriatic erythroderma. These patients had never received treatment for their disorder. Our results, which show a normal level of sister chromatid exchanges in their blood cells, argue against the presence of a mutagenic factor in such patients. PMID- 6674414 TI - [Acceleration of bone maturation and dysmorphic syndrome in 2 siblings (Marshall Weaver syndrome)]. AB - This paper relates two cases of a complex syndrome with unusual facies, restricted articular movements and accelerated skeletal maturation (already present at birth) in two siblings (brother and sister). These infants died in early age: one was ten days, the other six weeks old. Clinical and radiological findings of these newborns are part of both the Marshall-Smith and the Weaver syndrome, suggesting that these syndromes are one entity. The observation of affected siblings from unaffected parents favors autosomal recessive inheritance. PMID- 6674415 TI - [Familial Wiedeman-Beckwith syndrome: prenatal echography diagnosis and histologic confirmation]. AB - A new family with Wiedeman-Beckwith Syndrome is reported. All the affected subjects are conceived from normal sisters. In two cases, antenatal diagnosis has been established by ultrasound examination which showed an exomphalos. In one case, pathological examination of the abortus product confirmed the diagnosis. PMID- 6674416 TI - [Sirenomelia and multicystic renal dysplasia. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of sirenomelia with multicystic renal dysplasia (Potter's type II A) are reported. One case was discovered on fetal ultrasonography. Multicystic renal dysplasia in sirenomelia is an additional plea for a primitive mesoblastic defect in the caudal regression syndrome. PMID- 6674417 TI - Del (8) (q212q2200) de novo in a boy without Langer-Giedion syndrome. AB - A two year-old boy with congenital malformations, psychomotor retardation and absence of phenotypical features of the Langer-Giedion syndrome (LGS) was found to have a de novo del (8) (q212q2200). The comparative analysis with other 8q monosomic cases suggests the existence of at least two distinct syndromes: one due to the monosomy of a part of the segment 8q22----q24, clinically manifested as the LGS, and the other to the deletion of the band 8q21. PMID- 6674418 TI - The effect of intravenous infusion of Tebonin (Ginkgo biloba) on pial arteries in cats. AB - The dilatory effect of intravenously infused Tebonin (extract of Ginkgo biloba) on pial arterial vessels (less than 100 micron diameter), has been measured using a multichannel videoangiometer through a closed cranial window in cats. After 20 minutes there was a significant dilatation of 7% which increased to 21% by one hour. Results from 6 cats treated with 0.3 mg/kg/min. Tebonin were compared with a group of 6 control cats; the same blood gas "steady state" situation applying to both groups. Results imply a cerebral metabolic effect of Ginkgo biloba that induced a slow rise in cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6674419 TI - Changes of CSF prolactin induced by metoclopramide in man. AB - A sharp increase in serum and CSF prolactin (PRL) values after acute metoclopramide (10 mg i.m.) administration was found in six male patients without endocrine diseases. Peak values occurred simultaneously in serum and in CSF. This finding suggests the possibility that CSF PRL content depends also on the retrograde transport from pituitary gland. PMID- 6674420 TI - Influence of psychic distress on short-term outcome of lumbar disc surgery. AB - The authors tried to assess neurotic traits of 19 consecutive patients having micro-lumbar discectomy and to verify the relation between psychic distress and surgical outcome. All subjects had unequivocal clinical and myelographic evidence of lumbar disc herniation. Neurotic distress was measured by Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (M.H.Q.) and was related to M.H.Q. scores of a control group. Subjective ratings of treatment effectiveness and residual pain, assessed by interview at one month after surgery, were related to psychometric data. Results of statistical analysis provided evidence that although M.H.Q. scores of patients group were different from controls' M.H.Q. scores with regard to the tendency to somatize, psychological disturbances played no role in determining outcome after discectomy. Authors suggest that whenever a reliable diagnosis of herniated disc together with correct operative approach are performed, neurotic mechanisms do not usually affect surgical outcome. PMID- 6674421 TI - Compression of the palmar cutaneous nerve by ganglions of the wrist. AB - Two cases of compression of the palmar cutaneous nerve by ganglion of the wrist are presented. The anatomy of the region, compression factors, mechanism and clinical features are discussed. Timely surgical removal of compression is recommended. PMID- 6674422 TI - Median third ventricle meningioma. Case report. AB - A case of meningioma located in the median part of the third ventricle and revealed by autoptic examination in a patient who died for meningoencephalitis is reported. PMID- 6674423 TI - Successful surgical treatment of multiple intracranial aneurysms associated with brain abscess. PMID- 6674425 TI - Coincidence of uremic and hypertensive encephalopathy with chronic subdural hematoma under hemodialysis. Case report. AB - In this case report the underlying disease of uremic and hypertensive encephalopathy was complicated by a suspected disequilibrium syndrome under hemodialysis. Examinations proved a coinciding subdural hematoma. The clinical pictures of the different neurological conditions are discussed. Furthermore the importance to eliminate in those conditions primarily the well known but time and again overlooked complication of subdural hematoma is stressed. PMID- 6674426 TI - Sacral agenesis: usefulness of CT study. AB - The authors report on a case of sacral agenesis evaluated by Computed Tomography (CT) of the spine. Sacral agenesis is an exceedingly rare, nongenetic, developmental anomaly which consists in an absence of the entire sacrococcygeal complex. Although maternal diabetes appears to be the most important etiologic factor, the significant teratogenetic effects related to maternal diabetes are not yet completely understood. Only few cases have been reported in neurological and neurosurgical literature because most authors believe that the neurological deficits associated with sacral agenesis are static and, therefore, myelography and surgical approach are useless. However, sacral agenesis can be surgically treated when dural sac stenosis is evident in presence of progressive neurological deficits. The usefulness of CT in depicting nervous anomalies which may favorably respond to surgical treatment is emphasized, in particular when compared with contrast myelography. CT scan seems able to replace contrast myelography in delineating the intraspinal nervous anomalies, thus avoiding the myelographic risks. PMID- 6674424 TI - Cystic fibrous dysplasia of the skull presenting as an extradural mass. Case report. AB - This report describes a case of fibrous dysplasia of the skull, involving the right parietal, occipital and temporal bones, with complication caused by entrance of air into the extradural and subcutaneous spaces with intracranial hypertension. This type of complication has never been reported in the literature. PMID- 6674427 TI - Intrasacral meningocele associated to lumbar disk rupture. A case report. AB - A case of intrasacral meningocele associated to L4-L5 discal rupture is described. The possibility for this kind of malformation to be asymptomatic is emphasized. PMID- 6674428 TI - Clinical evaluation of 123I-labeled p-phenylpentadecanoic acid (p-IPPA) for myocardial scintigraphy. PMID- 6674429 TI - No acute effect of naloxone and dermorphin on calcitonin secretion in man. PMID- 6674430 TI - Qualitative and quantitative studies on the stress of internal tritiated environment on developing mouse liver. PMID- 6674431 TI - The early diagnosis of breast tumours. PMID- 6674432 TI - Chemical radiation protection by alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine. PMID- 6674433 TI - Temporary disappearance of an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule after T3 suppression test. PMID- 6674434 TI - [Carcinoma of the hypopharynx and hypopharyngeal web. Report of a case with clinical survey of the incidence]. PMID- 6674435 TI - [Laryngeal cancer and use of laser surgery]. PMID- 6674436 TI - [Surface basophilic cells in laryngectomized patients]. PMID- 6674437 TI - [Recent tendency of laryngeal tuberculosis--a report pf 12 cases]. PMID- 6674438 TI - [A staging classification of acute comatose patients using auditory evoked potentials]. PMID- 6674439 TI - [Balloon occluded arterial infusion with direct hemoperfusion for head and neck tumors]. PMID- 6674440 TI - [Immotile cilia syndrome]. PMID- 6674441 TI - [Clinical application of 40Hz ERP for audiometry]. PMID- 6674442 TI - [Bacteria detected in the retention fluid and the surface of mucous membrane in chronic sinusitis]. PMID- 6674443 TI - [Early acoustic neuromas. Relation between the origin of the tumor and caloric testings]. PMID- 6674444 TI - [A study of the nerve endings of the outer hair cells after acoustic exposure]. PMID- 6674445 TI - [Use of hydroxyl apatite ceramics for frontal osteoplasty]. PMID- 6674446 TI - [Protective effect of fosfomycin against aminoglycoside induced ototoxicity]. PMID- 6674448 TI - Natural killer cell activity during murine Schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - Natural killer cell (NK) activity of spleen cells from CBA/J and C57BL/6 mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni was assayed using 51Cr-labeled YAC-1 cells as target cells. No significant difference in NK activity was detected between infected and age-matched control spleen cells from 1 to 4 wk after infection. The NK-mediated cytotoxic abilities of both infected and age-matched control mice fell in parallel, as expected, on an age-related basis. However, on a cell-to cell basis the splenic NK activity of mice infected from 8 to 18 wk was significantly less than that of age-matched control mice. Meanwhile, because of the splenomegaly associated with patent infection, the total number of nucleated splenocytes in chronically infected mice increased to fourfold that of age matched control mice. Therefore, the total available NK activity per spleen was increased by chronic infection. The NK activities of spleen cells from age matched control mice and those infected for 18 wk could be augmented by in vivo administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, indicating the continued responsiveness of NK cells from chronically infected mice to activation. Spleen cell NK activity in age-matched control and infected C57BL/6 mice exhibited a pattern similar to that of CBA/J mice. PMID- 6674447 TI - [Electric potentials recorded from the cochlea]. PMID- 6674449 TI - Identification of species-specific and gender-specific proteins and glycoproteins of three human schistosomes. AB - Species-specific and gender-specific polypeptides of Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, and Schistosoma mansoni have been identified. Proteins of these schistosomes were metabolically labeled in vitro with 35S-methionine and their total proteins, concanavalin-A binding glycoproteins, released (shed or secreted) proteins, and released glycoproteins compared by two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Many of the released proteins were glycosylated, and most of the synthesized glycoproteins were released. The most striking gender specific and species-specific differences were observed in the released glycoproteins. These results provide a basis for investigating the molecular evolution of schistosomes, the occurrence of dioecy in the schistosomatidae , and for the development of improved serodiagnostic reagents. PMID- 6674450 TI - Lysosomal enzyme activities in susceptible and refractory strains of Biomphalaria glabrata during the course of infection with Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The distribution and abundance of the lysosomal enzyme markers, acid phosphatase (AP), peroxidase (PO), and nonspecific esterase (NE), within circulating blood cells (hemocytes) were examined in a schistosome-susceptible (PR albino M-line) and a resistant (10-R2) strain of Biomphalaria glabrata during the course of infection with Schistosoma mansoni. The dynamics of serum (cell-free hemolymph) AP activities and total hemocyte numbers in infected snails also were investigated. Hemocyte subpopulations, as determined by these enzyme markers, responded differently to parasite infection between snail strains. Generally, the hemocyte subpopulations within PR albino snails remained largely unchanged, whereas the same subpopulations in 10-R2 snails fluctuated considerably. The distribution of AP in the hemocytes of 10-R2 snails decreased by 1 hr postexposure (PE) to the parasite and remained low through 12 hr before increasing to control values at 24 hr and 2 wk PE. In comparison, PO activity increased by 1 hr PE and peaked at 12 hr before dropping to 0 hr values by 2 wk PE. The NE activity exhibited still another pattern with the percentage of NE positive cells decreasing from 0 to 12 hr PE followed by a recovery to 0-hr values by 24 hr. The abundance of these hemocyte enzymes followed a similar pattern to that of their distribution, although some differences were observed. Serum AP values varied little in PR albino snails except for a significant increase at 2 wk PE, indicating a possible response to tissue damage resulting from migrating daughter sporocysts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674451 TI - Report of Olfersia coriacea (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) feeding on a human in Panama. PMID- 6674452 TI - A survey of susceptibility to infection with Trichinella spiralis of inbred mouse strains sharing common H-2 alleles but different genetic backgrounds. AB - Twenty-eight different inbred strains of mice representing five different H-2 haplotypes were compared for degree of susceptibility to a primary infection with Trichinella spiralis. Marked differences in susceptibility, measured by the average number of muscle larvae per host, were seen among strains of mice sharing common H-2 alleles. The genes controlling these differences must therefore map at loci outside the major histocompatibility complex. Strains of mice sharing the H 2k haplotype were generally more susceptible than strains expressing other haplotypes and strains expressing H-2q alleles were most resistant. Strains of mice were ranked in order of decreasing susceptibility. Knowledge of these ranking may be of value to researchers wishing to select strains of mice appropriate for studies on T. spiralis. PMID- 6674453 TI - Parameters influencing the susceptibility of neonate mice to infection with Brugia pahangi. AB - A total of 307 young mice between less than 1 day (neonate) and 4 wk after birth were inoculated either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally with infective larvae of Brugia pahangi to determine the best protocol for the establishment of patent infections. For both male and female neonates, i.p. infection produced higher adult worm burdens than did s.c. infection. Although the numbers of adult worms harbored by male and female mice were not statistically different, male mice were more prone to develop a patent infection; no neonate female mice became microfilaremic , whereas seven of 113 i.p.-infected male mice developed microfilaremia. More female adult worms were recovered, on the average, than were male worms, regardless of the age of mice used for infection. However, the younger the mice were at infection, the higher were the numbers of male worms recovered. A high number of gravid female worms were recovered from amicrofilaremic mice. Adult female and male worms harvested from amicrofilaremic mice, implanted into the peritoneal cavity of jirds (Meriones unguiculatus), did not produce microfilariae although approximately 50% of the jirds contained gravid female parasites. Jirds implanted with worms from microfilaremic mice did, however, contain peritoneal microfilariae. It appeared that amicrofilaremic mice irreversibly damaged female worms to the extent that worms could survive and appear healthy, but could not release microfilariae. PMID- 6674454 TI - Characterization of the exposed carbohydrates on the sheath surface of in vitro derived Brugia pahangi microfilariae by analysis of lectin binding. AB - Adult female Brugia pahangi were maintained metabolically active in vitro for up to 35 days in Click's medium supplemented with 10% horse serum. For the first 14 to 18 days microfilariae were released into culture. Although these in vitro derived microfilariae were morphologically identical to in vivo-derived microfilariae, they could be differentiated by their characteristic of binding to a panel of fluorescein-conjugated lectins. The results suggest that maturation and release of microfilariae are correlated with glycosidic alterations on the sheath surface. PMID- 6674455 TI - Phospholipid dependence of the Hymenolepis diminuta mitochondrial NADPH:NAD transhydrogenase. AB - The mitochondrial, membrane-associated, nonenergy -linked NADPH:NAD transhydrogenase of adult Hymenolepis diminuta exhibited a phospholipid dependence. This lipid dependence was suggested when mitochondrial membranes were subjected to organic solvent or phospholipase treatments. Although hexane extraction of lyophilized membranes enhanced transhydrogenase activity, subsequent aqueous acetone extraction significantly inhibited the transhydrogenase. An acetone/water-dependent extraction of phospholipids was reflected in the phosphorus content of released material. Incubation of mitochondrial membranes with phospholipase A2 or C markedly reduced transhydrogenase activity, and phospholipase A2 treatment resulted in the greater reduction in activity. The mitochondrial, membrane-associated, NADH-utilizing oxidase and fumarate reductase activities were diminished significantly by hexane as well as phospholipase treatments. Phospholipase A2 caused the greater inhibition of the NADH-utilizing systems. Thus, in contrast to the transhydrogenase, neutral lipids and phospholipids apparently were required by the electron transport-coupled activities. The transhydrogenase activity of organic solvent- or phospholipase-treated membranes was not stimulated effectively by phospholipid addition. However, phospholipid-dependent stimulation of transhydrogenase was accomplished employing a partially lipid-depleted preparation of the enzyme obtained by detergent treatment and ammonium sulfate precipitation. Of the phospholipids tested, only phosphatidylcholine significantly stimulated transhydrogenase activity. The stimulation noted with phosphatidylcholine was not duplicated by cholate or deoxycholate. PMID- 6674456 TI - Quantitation of Leishmania tropica major by its ability to form distinct colonies on agar-based media. AB - The growth of the pathogen Leishmania tropica major on agar-based media was studied to further develop techniques that can be used to quantitate the number of viable organisms in infected tissues. Individual, intact amastigotes formed distinct, countable colonies on four different agar-based media. However, the largest colonies (0.35 mm) and highest plating efficiency (greater than 90%) were found on media formulated with a heart-infusion agar base. Use of this media in the quantitation of the organism should increase the sensitivity of the quantitation technique and allow one to collect more interpretable data on host parasite interactions in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 6674457 TI - The effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone III on tick cells. AB - Two cell lines isolated from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ( RAE 25) and Anocentor (= Dermacentor) nitens (ANE 58) responded to the invertebrate hormones 20 hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) and juvenile hormone III (JH III) in vitro. In the presence of 0.2 or 2 nMolar 20-HE, the cells of the continuous line RAE 25 attached to the culture substrate at a rate of 9% per hr for the first 8 hr, as did cells in growth medium. Twenty or 200 nMolar of 20-HE reduced the rate of cell attachment to 6% per hr, and in the higher hormone concentration the cells ceased to attach after 4 hr. Low concentrations (0.2 and 2 nMolar ) of 20-HE stimulated the growth of the RAE 25 line (P less than 0.02), but 200 nMolar or more inhibited growth (P less than 0.001). Twenty-HE suppressed the growth of the young line ANE 58 in a dose-dependent manner, but the decrease in cell growth was less pronounced than in RAE 25. Ten to 100 times more (2 and 20 mu Molar) 20-HE was needed to achieve significant growth suppression (P less than 0.025 and less than 0.005). The growth of both lines declined (P less than 0.01) by 20% ( RAE 25) or 30% (ANE 58) when the medium contained 38 mu Molar of JH III. The bimodal growth response of line RAE 25 to 20-HE also occurred in the presence of 3.8 and 38 mu Molar JH III, and 2 nMolar 20-HE counteracted the suppressive effect of 38 mu Molar JH III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674458 TI - Effects of various anthelmintics on larval stages of Nematospiroides dubius (Nematoda). AB - The effects of six anthelmintics on larval stages of Nematospiroides dubius in mice were assessed. Levamisole phosphate, at a dose of 100 mg/kg administered per os 6 days postlarval inoculation (PI), effected greater than 98% reduction in worm burdens. At dose rates one log2 higher, 50% mortality of the mice occurred. Ivermectin, given per os at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg, removed all of the worms when administered either on Day 3 or 6 PI. No toxicity was observed even at the highest dose tested (25 mg/kg). Albendazole, cambendazole, pyrantel pamoate, and fenbendazole, all given per os at a dose of 100 mg/kg on day 6 PI, allowed from 52 to 75% of the worms to develop to adulthood. Ivermectin emerged as the larvicidal drug of choice owing to its high efficacy and undetectable toxic side effects. PMID- 6674459 TI - Identification of sex of schistosome larval stages. AB - Sex of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae was identified by a C-banding technique; interphase nuclei of females exhibited W-chromatin (heterochromatin of the W chromosome) whereas those of males did not. Similar sexual dimorphism was also shown in nuclei of S. mansoni miracidia, sporocysts, and adult worms. Cercariae of the following schistosomes could not be sexed by examination of nuclei after the C-band technique: S. japonicum, S. haematobium, and Schistosomatium douthitti . The method presented was 100% accurate and relatively rapid (total time for S. mansoni cercariae: 80 min). PMID- 6674460 TI - Karyotypes of Brugia pahangi and Brugia malayi (Nematoda: Filarioidea). AB - Using air-dried preparations of the testis and ovary, karyotypes were analyzed and compared to each other in two species of filarial parasites, Brugia pahangi and B. malayi. Both species had a diploid number of 10 chromosomes and were karyotypically very similar. C-banding analyses disclosed that the sex determining mechanism of these species was of the XY-XX type, where the X chromosome was the largest, and the Y chromosome was of medium-size. PMID- 6674461 TI - Comparison of three subspecies of Trichinella spiralis by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The surface morphology of three subspecies of Trichinella spiralis was examined by SEM in an attempt to find characteristics useful for distinguishing the subspecies. The subspecies studied were T. spiralis spiralis, which had been maintained in swine and laboratory animals for about 50 yr; T. spiralis nativa collected from Ursus maritimus at 58 degrees N latitude and 95 degrees W longitude in 1976; and, T. spiralis pseudospiralis, which was derived from the original isolation of this subspecies from Procyon lotor at 43 degrees N latitude and 47 degrees 30'E longitude in 1972. All three subspecies were passed in CFW mice and adult worms were collected from the small intestine at 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 11 days PI. Characteristics examined included labial and cephalic papillae, cuticular ridges and folds, hypodermal gland cell pores, pseudobursal lobes, genital papillae, cloacal aperture, copulatory bell and vulval morphology. Previous reports of subspecies differences within Trichinella spiralis in the number and distribution of hypodermal gland cell pores, position of genital papillae, shape of the cloacal aperture and shape of pseudobursal lobes were not confirmed and are believed to have been in error resulting from artifacts of fixation and a lack of knowledge of variations within the subspecies caused by low numbers of samples. Differences in surface morphology were not found among the three subspecies. The available names of the recognized biological populations of Trichinella were used at the subspecies level rather than species level because this more clearly represents the state of our knowledge of the nematodes. The question of whether the epidemiology of trichinosis is complicated by the presence of more than one species has not been answered, and it is important that our nomenclature reflect this. PMID- 6674462 TI - Trichuris odocoileus sp. n. (Nematoda: Trichuridae) from white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, in southeastern U.S., and a key to trichurids in North American ruminants. AB - A new species of Trichuris from the cecum of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, from the southeastern United States, is characterized herein. Males had spicules 2.20 to 3.05 mm long with bluntly rounded tips, an ejaculatory duct equal to or slightly longer than the vas deferens, and a spinous spicular sheath with an expansion near its center. Females had a spinous vulva, usually not everted, a loop in the oviduct just before it opened into the uterus, and a slightly curved posterior portion. Trichuris odocoileus was differentiated from T. lani , a species described in Russia which is most like T. odocoileus, by 1) possessing a spicular sheath with a central expansion, 2) greater size with longer ejaculatory duct and vas deferens, 3) slightly larger eggs, and 4) the unique loop in the oviduct. Trichuris odocoileus constitutes the 6th species of Trichuris recovered from North American ruminants. A key is provided to facilitate differentiation of the six species. PMID- 6674463 TI - Percutaneous infection by Schistosoma mansoni "tailless" cercariae. PMID- 6674464 TI - Vaccination of susceptible hosts with uninfective strains of the same parasite (Taenia taeniaeformis, Cestoda) provide protection against an infective strain. PMID- 6674465 TI - Expression of expulsion of Trichinella spiralis in mice. PMID- 6674466 TI - Mast and goblet cell responses in the small intestine of rats concurrently infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Strongyloides ratti. PMID- 6674467 TI - Helminths of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes L., in west central Wisconsin. PMID- 6674468 TI - Toxicity and efficacy of the antileishmanial drug meglumine antimoniate in the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). PMID- 6674469 TI - Helminth parasites of swordfish (Xiphias gladius L.) from the northwest Atlantic Ocean. PMID- 6674470 TI - Hosts and distribution of the bird-parasitizing tick Ixodes (Ixodes) euplecti in Africa. PMID- 6674471 TI - Mass cultivation of Giardia lamblia in a serum-free medium. PMID- 6674472 TI - [The effect of various 2-phenylamino-3-pyridine carbamoylsulfonamides on blood lipids]. PMID- 6674473 TI - [Determination of cis(Z)-clopenthixol and fluphenazine in whole blood and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with an internal standard]. PMID- 6674474 TI - Sustained release of drugs by inclusion in plastic matrices. I. Dexchlorpheniramine maleate. PMID- 6674475 TI - Intestinal absorption of dl-alpha-tocopherol from bile salts and polysorbate 80 micellar solutions in rat. AB - The intestinal absorption of dl-alpha-tocopherol (VE) from various micellar solutions was studied by the in situ recirculating perfusion in rat small intestine. The perfused micellar solutions of VE were formed by sodium taurocholate (STC), sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC) or polysorbate 80 (PS-80). The absorption ratio of VE was STC greater than STDC greater than PS-80 micellar solutions. The addition of egg lecithin (PC) to all micellar solutions caused the decrease of the absorption. The absorption ratio did not necessarily have a simple correlation with the VE solubilization in these micellar solutions. And it was also found that the absorption ratio correlated with the micellar size and with net water flux in the intestinal lumen. PMID- 6674476 TI - Biochemical and physicochemical characterization of a mitogen obtained from an oriental crude drug, Tohki (Angelica actiloba Kitagawa). AB - Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of an immunomodulator, which is a non-dialyzable and acetone precipitable material(s) extracted with hot water from Angelica actiloba KITAGAWA (Yamato Tohki) (AIP), were investigated. AIP was composed of about 90% sugar and 10% protein. The major polysaccharide was identified as pectic substance(s) because its main component sugars were found to be arabinose, glucose, and galacturonic acid by gas liquid chromatographic analysis. The pectic substance(s) was not concerned with the mitogenicity of AIP since the activity was similar before and after pectinase(endo-polygalacturonase) treatment. More than half of the mitogenicity was destroyed by acid or alkali treatment. With pronase treatment, the activity was not affected, but the molecular weight of the mitogen was lowered. In addition, the mitogenic substance was partially purified from AIP by pectinase treatment and Westphal's phenol/water fractionation. The partially purified mitogenic substance(s) was rich in protein. These facts suggest that the mitogenicity of AIP was carried by a heat stable and protease resistant protein. PMID- 6674478 TI - Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of 5-O-substituted derivatives of 5 hydroxypicolinic acid. AB - 5-O-Substituted derivatives of 5-hydroxypicolinic acids were synthesized from nojirimycin and studied for their antihypertensive activity in unanesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) restrained in wire mesh cage and acute toxicity in mice. 5-n-Butoxy-picolinic acid (ND-186) was found to have antihypertensive activity comparable to fusaric acid and lesser acute toxicity. Introduction of halogeno group, in particular trifluoromethyl group to the omega position of 5-n-butoxy group resulted in the enhancement of antihypertensive activity. The acute toxicity was also lowered 3-5 times compared to that of fusaric acid. Replacement of alkyl group with phenyl group resulted in a slight increment of activity. Some of ester derivatives of ND-186 potentiated the antihypertensive activity and reduced the acute toxicity. There was good correlation between partition coefficient (log P) of ester groups and their antihypertensive activities; compound with higher lipophilicity showed higher antihypertensive activity under the condition of oral administration. However, esterification of other compounds such as 5-halogenoalkoxy- and 5-(substituted) phenoxypicolinic acid was not accompanied with activity increment. Considering from the balance of the antihypertensive activity in SHRs and the acute toxicity in mice, 5-(5',5',5'-trifluoropentoxy)-picolinic acid was selected as a candidate for further evaluation. PMID- 6674477 TI - Influences of maternal ethanol intake on maternal and perinatal hepatic heme and drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. AB - The effect of ethanol on maternal and neonatal hepatic heme and drug metabolizing systems was determined. Ethanol (16%, w/v) was administered orally as drinking solution to pregnant or lactating rats at different pre- and post-natal stages. The dams and pups were sacrificed on days 7, 14 and 21 after parturition, respectively. Ethanol administration to lactating rats from just after birth caused an appreciable decrease in the maternal and neonatal body and liver weights. In addition, the activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c reductase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-cytochrome b5 reductase and heme oxygenase were significantly enhanced in the livers of neonates whose mothers were exposed to the ethanol during only first week of lactation, but those activities were not altered in the maternal livers. However, no remarkable alterations were observed in the contents of cytochrome P-450 and b5, and the activities of aminopyrine demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and delta aminolevulinic acid synthetase in the livers of neonates from mothers who had received ethanol during lactation period or last week of gestation, although the activities of aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase were enhanced significantly in lactating dams by ethanol consumption for 14 d after parturition. PMID- 6674479 TI - Further investigations on brain distribution of hydrazine and its gamma aminobutyric acid elevating effect in rats. AB - Perry's hypothesis that hydrazine (Hz) derived from isoniazid (INH) treatment plays an important role in the elevation of brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels was reexamined by measuring Hz and GABA levels in the brain after the treatment with 50 mg/kg of INH or different doses of Hz. The treatment with 50 mg/kg of INH to rats resulted in the elevation of GABA levels in rat whole brain. The maximum levels of GABA increased about twice at 4 h from 2.06 +/- 0.4 mumol/g wet wt. in the control group to 3.61 +/- 0.4 mumol/g wet wt. in INH treated group. In this case, brain levels of Hz ranged from 25.6 to 80.8 ng/g wet wt. within 10 h. On the other hand, Hz levels after the treatment with 0.5 mg/kg of Hz were about five times higher than those after INH treatment. However, 0.5 mg/kg of Hz treatment did not increase brain GABA levels at all. Perry's hypothesis was denied by the fact that brain Hz levels after INH treatment were too low to elevate brain GABA levels. PMID- 6674480 TI - Chemical and toxicological studies on bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum. VIII. The inability of bracken extracts containing pterosins to cause cattle bracken poisoning. AB - Methanol extracts of bracken frond and rhizomes prepared using a metallic extraction vessel, were proved incapable of producing bracken poisoning in calves. Nevertheless, they contained appreciable quantities of pterosins and pterosides. Thus the poisonous principle(s) in bracken responsible for the toxicological effects are not associated with these major sesquiterpenoids of the plant. PMID- 6674481 TI - Influence of diethylmaleate on the formation of bis(methylmercuric)selenide and methylmercury distribution in rats. AB - This study was undertaken to examine a possible role of bis(methylmercuric) selenide(BMS) in selenite-induced redistribution of methylmercury in rats. Pretreatment of diethylmaleate(DEM), which depletes tissue reduced glutathione(GSH), completely suppressed the significant increase of BMS produced by selenite injection in the blood of methylmercury-treated rats. Its inhibitory effect was also observed in the kidney and brain. Under the same conditions, the characteristic accumulation in the brain and testis of total mercury induced by selenite was markedly inhibited by DEM pretreatment. Total mercury in these tissues was not altered by DEM alone and BMS in the blood existed in the erythrocytes, but not in the plasma. Thus, it seems likely that the suppressed formation of BMS in the erythrocytes mainly leads to the decreased accumulation of total mercury in the brain and testis. PMID- 6674482 TI - Salivary excretion of warfarin in rabbits: relationship between pharmacological effect and salivary pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rabbits. AB - The salivary excretion of warfarin was investigated following intravenous and oral administration to rabbits. The salivary decay curves following intravenous injection (50 mg/kg) fitted to the two-compartment open model. On the other hand, following oral administration (100 mg/kg) the disposition of warfarin fitted to the one-compartment open model. There was a good linear relationship between the warfarin concentrations in saliva and plasma. The saliva vs. plasma (S/P) ratio was approximately 0.07. A good correlation was also observed between the warfarin concentrations in saliva and plasma protein-unbound fraction. The saliva vs. plasma protein-unbound fraction (S/Pf) ratio was approximately 0.92. Therefore, salivary concentration of warfarin corresponded with plasma free warfarin concentration. Furthermore, warfarin concentration in saliva was correlated with pharmacological effect, prothrombin complex activity. These results suggested that salivary warfarin concentration which was correlated with pharmacological effect had a possibility of utilization in pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic drug monitoring. PMID- 6674483 TI - [Studies of plants containing indole alkaloids. IX. Quantitative analysis of tertiary alkaloids in various parts of Uncaria rhynchophylla MIQ]. PMID- 6674484 TI - [Studies onspasmolytics. IV. Synthesis and anticholinergic activity of N-(2 acyloxyethyl)-N-(1,3-dioxolan-2-and 4-ylmethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium derivatives]. PMID- 6674485 TI - [Synthesis and antiandrogenic activity of 17-deoxysteroids]. PMID- 6674486 TI - [Physicochemical stability of ground mixtures of pharmaceutical products and microcrystalline cellulose]. PMID- 6674487 TI - [Influence of fasting on elimination of sulfonylurea compounds from plasma in rabbits]. PMID- 6674488 TI - [Physico-chemical properties of glycyrrhizic acid in aqueous media. V. Critical micelle concentration of mixed solutions of glycyrrhizin and sodium cholate]. PMID- 6674489 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of aldioxa in pharmaceutical preparations]. PMID- 6674490 TI - [Conditions for measuring the dermal blood flow in anesthetized rats using thermoelectrical elements]. PMID- 6674492 TI - [Labeling of 5-fluorouracil and pyrimidine nucleosides with 4-bromomethyl-7 methoxycoumarin for fluorimetric detection in high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6674491 TI - [Toxicological studies on biological effect of herbal drug extracts on rats and mice--peony root, peach kernel, Japanese angelica root and Cnidium rhizome]. PMID- 6674493 TI - [Gas chromatographic separation of the diastereomers of labetalol as n butylboronate]. PMID- 6674495 TI - [Effect of thyroxine on enzyme activities in small intestinal mucosa of rats]. PMID- 6674494 TI - [Biologically active principles of crude drugs. Cholagogic substances in cardamon seed and their properties]. PMID- 6674496 TI - [Synthesis of new flavones of Bauhinia championii in Formosa]. PMID- 6674497 TI - Seasonal variation of forearm blood flow at rest and during submaximal exercise. PMID- 6674498 TI - [New experiments for student practice. I. Evoked electromyography]. PMID- 6674499 TI - [Body acceleration measurement and oxygen uptake during jumping]. AB - The integral of the positive acceleration per unit time was defined as physical activity. The device that measured physical activity during jumping was developed and the relationship between physical activity by acceleration measurement and energy expenditure was evaluated. Acceleration wave forms of back were measured with strain gauge type accelerometer. After amplification and rectification, the positive acceleration wave forms integrated. When the output of the integrator reached the threshold of comparator, the output of the comparator contained trigger signal. The physical activity was determined by the total counts of the trigger signal. 10 males jumped at four jumping cycles (20, 40, 60 min-1 and random) and 24 children jumped at random jumping. Oxygen uptake, physical activity and heart rate were simultaneously measured. The results showed the oxygen uptake, physical activity and heart rate of males were linearly related to jumping cycle. However, oxygen uptake of random jumping was less than one of 60 min-1 jumping in spite of the greater physical activity. This result indicated that the random jumping was operated efficiency due to the effect of elastic bounce. The oxygen uptake/body weight of males had good correlation to physical activity (r = 0.922), and heart rate (r = 0.902). Also the oxygen uptake/body weight of males and children had good correlation to physical activity (r = 0.953). The difference of ages and weights was not significant during jumping. These results mentioned to be useful in providing an objective evaluation of the physical activity of human subjects during jumping. PMID- 6674500 TI - [New experiments for student practice. II. Blood pressure]. PMID- 6674501 TI - The collagen fibrils in the collapsed and the chronically stretched intestinal wall. AB - A partial and progressive obstruction of the ileum (stenosis) was produced by surgery in adult rats and guinea pigs. Oral to the stenosis the accumulation of ingesta imposed a condition of chronic stretch on the intestinal wall: the lumen was much distended and the wall increased in thickness, mainly by hypertrophy of the mucosa and muscle coat. The submucosa too increased in volume and its collagen fibrils showed marked ultrastructural changes: in the rat the collagen fibrils (which were of rather uniform diameter in the control submucosa, mean 87 nm) varied greatly in size and formed two distinct populations: large fibrils (similar to those of controls) and small fibrils (4-5 nm in diameter). The latter were probably newly formed fibrils and their number increased in the more advanced stages of hypertrophy. The small fibrils were usually gathered into groups of 15-60 but were found throughout the entire thickness of the collagen bundles. Aboral to the stenosis the intestine was collapsed. In the submucosa there was a widening of the range of fibril sizes, a small increase in the average size and the occurrence of very large and irregular fibrils. Similar changes occurred in the guinea pig; however, the size of the control collagen fibrils (57 nm) was smaller than in the rat, and in the condition of chronic stretch small and large fibrils could not be clearly separated into distinct populations. PMID- 6674503 TI - Substructure of the postacrosomal sheath of bovine spermatozoa. AB - The substructure of the postacrosomal sheath and its relationship to the plasma membrane and nuclear membrane complex were examined in thin-section, negative stain, surface-replica, and freeze-fracture preparations. The matrix of the postacrosomal sheath contains a single layer of closely associated 10- to 12-nm filamentous elements aligned parallel to the long axis of the sperm. A precise lateral interaction of the filaments is suggested from negative-stain images which reveal a second set of parallel striations extending over the surface of the sheath at 60 degrees relative to the filament long axis. Several structural differences between the posterior and anterior segments and the outer and inner surface of the postacrosomal sheath were identified. Data on structural specializations of the plasma membrane and nuclear membrane complex which relate to the asymmetric structure are presented and their potential significance in fertilization events discussed. PMID- 6674502 TI - The pattern of MAP-2 binding on microtubules: visual enhancement of MAP attachment sites by antibody labeling and electron microscopy. AB - We used affinity-purified rabbit antibody to hog brain microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) to examine the pattern of attachment of MAPs to microtubules purified by cycles of in vitro assembly and disassembly. Microtubules were fixed, deposited on EM grids, and labeled with antibody and protein A-gold colloid followed by negative staining. We observed that: The sites of MAP attachment were greatly enhanced by antibody binding in negatively stained preparations. The axial repeat revealed by antibody (100 +/- 5 nm) was greater than the previously reported value of 32 nm based on thin sectioning and negative staining procedures. The antibody was arranged in a broad band and revealed a helical pattern of binding. Microtubules with and without treatment with alpha chymotrypsin to remove the projection portion of MAP-2 looked similar, suggesting that the antibody-enhanced pattern may reflect the sites of MAP attachment on microtubules. Microtubules with an increased MAP:tubulin ratio exhibited the same 100-nm periodicity. PMID- 6674504 TI - Light microscopy, electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis of glycerinated collagen fibers. AB - Light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (freeze-fracture replicas and thin sections), and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to investigate the structure of rat tail tendon collagen fibers subjected to one of the following treatments: water, phosphate buffer, glutaraldehyde, glutaraldehyde followed by glycerol, glycerol, and glycerol followed by phosphate buffer. As seen by light microscopy, only treatment with glycerol induces a remarkable swelling of the native (untreated) collagen specimens. Replicas and thin sections show that this swelling is due to an expansion of the interfibrillar space, and to a dissociation of the collagen fibrils into microfibrils. X-Ray diffraction analysis reveals great disorder in the glycerol-swollen collagen fibers. However, this does not appreciably involve the microfibrillar and molecular structure. Light and electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction techniques show that the collagen fiber swelling induced by glycerol is an almost completely reversible process. PMID- 6674505 TI - [High dose fentanyl anesthesia and cardiac surgery]. PMID- 6674506 TI - [Effects of enflurane anesthesia in the normal and ischemic heart]. PMID- 6674507 TI - [Comparative study between slow induction method of anesthesia with halothane and enflurane]. PMID- 6674508 TI - [Effects of halothane on the recovery of hypoxia-depleted ATP in the canine liver]. PMID- 6674509 TI - [Remarkable hypotension and erythema-hypersensitive reaction to succinylcholine chloride--a case report]. PMID- 6674510 TI - [Bedside measurement of extravascular thermal volume (EVTV) as an estimate of lung water--provisional guideline for data interpretation]. PMID- 6674511 TI - [Anesthesia for primary aldosteronism evaluation of plasma aldosterone responses]. PMID- 6674512 TI - [The platelet functions and protective action of methylprednisolone in endotoxin shock model]. PMID- 6674514 TI - [Relationship between respiratory dead space and ventilatory volume during high frequency ventilation]. PMID- 6674513 TI - [Descending inhibition from mesencephalic ventromedial periaqueductal gray upon viscero-intercostal reflex]. PMID- 6674515 TI - [Bacterial species recently isolated from urinary tract infections and their antibiotic susceptibility, with special reference to acute cystitis]. AB - Numbers of the strains of each bacterial species isolated from urinary tract infections were summed and their incidences were calculated for each a half year from the second half of 1980 to the first half of 1982. The incidences of Escherichia coli strains were found to be greatly reduced and those of Streptococcus faecalis strains were greatly increased. Those of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were also increased. This trend was thought to be caused by the extensive and exclusive use of cephalosporin derivatives. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin (GM), amikacin (AMK), ampicillin (ABPC), cefazolin (CEZ), ceftizoxime (CZX), latamoxef (LMOX) and minocycline (MINO) against these isolated strains were estimated. The most sensitive drugs for E. coli were found to be CZX, LMOX, GM and AMK, CZX and MINO for Klebsiella, CZX and LMOX for Proteus, and GM for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All Gram-positive cocci were found generally to be most susceptible to MINO, but S. faecalis and other Pseudomonas were also sensitive to ABPC. Exclusive use of cephalosporins for the treatment may induce selective increases of the resistant species in normal flora. Since these flora could be the causative agents for various infections, these selections caused by the exclusive use of the monotype drugs are not preferable, and various different drugs should be used for the suitable cases. PMID- 6674516 TI - [Clinical evaluation of ototoxicity associated with intravenous drip infusion of amikacin]. AB - On the 53 patients with ENT (ears, nose, and throat) diseases, ototoxicity after intravenous drip infusion of amikacin (Biklin AMK) was studied. Each dose of AMK was 400 mg/day in adults and 4--8 mg/kg/day in children. From audiometric analysis, there were no patients with any hearing disturbances and subjective complaints concerning labyrinth injury. Also abnormal laboratory findings were not found in them. An intravenous drip infusion of AMK in adequate dosage would be beneficial to use against some infectious diseases of otorhinolaryngologic field. PMID- 6674517 TI - [Piperacillin concentration in the pelvic dead space exudate following surgery of cervical cancer]. AB - Twelve patients with uterocervical cancer had panhysterectomy and were administered piperacillin (PIPC) at a dose of 2 g by one shot injection 2 times a day for a period of 5--6 days. PIPC concentrations in serum and pelvic dead space exudate were investigated before and after administration for 3 days (5 times). Serum concentration was observed ca. 49 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after the first, third and fifth administration. Concentrations in pelvic dead space exudate at 1 hour after the first, third and fifth administration were observed 26.7 +/- 5.8, 10.8 +/- 4.0 and 8.7 +/- 3.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. The highest concentration was 63.0 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after the first administration in case 4. It was thought that these concentrations were sufficient for the therapy of parametritis. No side effects caused by the drug were observed. PMID- 6674518 TI - [Postoperative chemotherapy of perforating appendicitis in children; with special reference to latamoxef therapy]. AB - We employed latamoxef (LMOX) as antibiotic therapy subsequent to the performance of appendectomies in children. Fifteen patients, consisting of 8 cases of catarrhal appendicitis and 7 cases of gangrenous appendicitis, were administered LMOX at 50 mg/kg/day, while 13 patients with peritonitis due to a perforated appendix were treated with a dosage of 90 mg/kg/day. Both of these dosages were administered in 3 equally-divided doses, as one shot intravenous injections. All of the cases of catarrhal and gangrenous appendicitis showed good, steady recovery after the surgery, and there were no instances of complications. With regard to the 13 cases of perforating appendicitis, a clinical efficacy of at least "good" was obtained in 12 patients, for an efficacy rate of 92.3%. In addition, bacteriologically, 35 out of 36 strains that were isolated initially could no longer be detected after the LMOX therapy, indicating an eradication rate of 97.2%. Complications consisted of 1 case of dehiscence of the wound, and 1 case of adhesive ileus. Comparison of the values of the laboratory tests before and after the LMOX therapy revealed no development of abnormalities. Moreover, with regard to side effects, with the exception of 1 case of transient diarrhea, there were no side effects which presented clinical problems. It was found that the causative microbes involved in these cases of appendicitis--especially in the perforative appendicitis cases--were Gram-negative bacilli such as E. coli, and an anaerobic bacterium, B. fragilis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674519 TI - [Fosfomycin susceptibility of clinical isolates from otorhinolaryngological infections]. AB - To investigate the clinical and bacteriological usefulness of orally administered fosfomycin calcium (FOM), the susceptibility of 558 strains to FOM was determined. These strains were isolated at our Center, between Feb. 1982 and Feb. 1983 from otorhinolaryngological infections. Several other drugs were also tested on the same strains for comparison. The results were as follows. The MIC80 of FOM was 6.25 micrograms/ml against each of aerobic Gram-positive cocci such as S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, anaerobic Gram-positive cocci such as Peptococcus spp., and H. influenzae. P. mirabilis, indole-positive Proteus spp., P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were inhibited, respectively, at 3.13, 12.5, 12.5 and 50 micrograms/ml. Most of the MICs were between 3.13 and 12.5 micrograms/ml, and the difference between the MIC50 and the MIC90 was only 1 to 2 tubes since there were few resistant strains. With the comparative drugs, there was a reduction seen in the sensitivities of pipemidic acid (PPA), ampicillin (ABPC), and cephalexin (CEX) against, respectively, P. aeruginosa, beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae and S. aureus. FOM showed good and constant sensitivity for the weakly PPA-sensitive P. aeruginosa, weakly ABPC-sensitive beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae and weakly CEX-sensitive S. aureus. The MICs of FOM against the main problematic isolates from otorhinolaryngological infections were mostly between 3.13 and 12.5 micrograms/ml, including the above weakly PPA-, ABPC and CEX-sensitive strains. Based on these values, FOM may be said to have moderate antibacterial efficacy when administered orally in the usual dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674520 TI - [Evaluation of fosfomycin in Campylobacter jejuni enteritis]. AB - Out of 1,219 pediatric patients who were brought to our hospital with chief complaint of diarrhea and abdominal pain and in whom stool cultures were obtained for bacteriological studies in the 17 month period from May 1 in 1981 to September 30 in 1982, Campylobacter jejuni was isolated in 203 patients (16.7%). In this study we assessed the efficacy of fosfomycin (FOM) for C. jejuni enteritis. Results of antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that C. jejuni is highly sensitive to FOM. The efficacy of FOM was confirmed both clinically and bacteriologically. Moreover, improvement in diarrheal symptoms and the duration required for cultural conversion under FOM treatment were assessed. From the results obtained, it was considered that FOM is an antibiotic with high efficacy for the treatment of C. jejuni enteritis. PMID- 6674521 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies on parenteral infusion of tobramycin in newborn and premature infants]. AB - The fundamental trials on intravenous administration of tobramycin (TOB) were studied in a total number of 29 neonates and premature babies who was divided into 3 groups by their ages; 0--3, 4--7 and 8 or more days after birth. Moreover, the results obtained in them were compared with those in a small number of infants and the school children reported previously to investigate the possibility of administration of the drug to neonates and premature babies. Analysis of the pharmacokinetics of TOB in neonates and premature babies demonstrated that its half-life (T 1/2) became shorter with age; it was 5.37, 4.28 and 3.03 hours at the age of of 0-- 3, 4--8 or more days, respectively when 1.5 mg of the drug per kg body weight is instilled into the vein for 30 minutes. A similar trend was observed at a dose of 3.0 mg per kg body weight. Although the number of subject was small, T 1/2 averaged 2.07 hours at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg in 2 infants and 1.40 hours at 3.0 mg/kg in 3 infants. These results indicate that administration of TOB based on the same conception as that in infants and school children should be avoided in neonates and premature babies. Especially in 0--3, 4--7 day-old neonates and premature babies the behavior of the drug in the body suggests that once or twice administration a day may be safer and better to avoid its accumulation. The peak serum concentrations in neonates and premature babies were slightly higher with decrease in number of days after birth, but it was not specially high as compared with those in infants and school children. It is, therefore considered that 1.5 mg/kg is an adequate single dose to moderate cases. On the basis of the above-mentioned results of the pharmacokinetic study we are confirming the clinical safety and utility of TOB in cases in which its administration is essential. PMID- 6674522 TI - [Combined action of cephamycin and aminoglycoside antibiotics]. AB - The combined actions of cefoxitin (CFX) with amikacin (AMK), gentamicin (GM) and dibekacin (DKB) were studied against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The following results were obtained. The synergistic actions of CFX with AMK, GM and DKB were observed on S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, S. marcescens, K. pneumoniae, Proteus spp. and Acinetobacter by checker board titration method. The combination of CFX with AMK was most effective. In case of the combination of CFX with AMK, the simultaneous administration showed the highest bactericidal effect, followed by the case of addition of AMK after adding CFX. The phase-contrast microscopic observation on S. marcescens revealed that the bacterial cell prolonged with CFX showed a filament-like form and with AMK almost a normal form. In the combination, lysed cells were observed. The therapeutic experiment of S. marcescens infection in mice demonstrated that the combination of CFX with AMK showed superior effect than that of each drug alone. PMID- 6674523 TI - [Clinical experience with cefoxitin in infections associated with hematopoietic disorders]. AB - Ten inpatients at the Second Department of Internal Medicine, Mie University Hospital, developed infections in the course of treatment for hematopoietic disorders and were administered cefoxitin (CFX). Patients suffered from the following infections: pharyngitis, 2; bronchitis, 2; pneumonia, 2; sepsis, 2; bacteremia, 1; suspected cases of bacteremia, 2; and fever of unknown origin, 1. The number of infections totaled 12 as 1 patient with pharyngitis also developed sepsis and 1 patient with pneumonia developed bacteremia. Duration for the administration of CFX ranged between 5 and 18 days with a total dosage of between 30 and 108 g. Of the 10 patients treated with CFX, 9 were treated concomitantly with micronomicin (MCR), doxycycline (DOXY), or sulbenicillin (SBPC), some were treated concomitantly with only 1 of the drugs and some were treated concomitantly with 2 of the drugs. The following clinical results were obtained: Following treatment, 4 patients were considered "excellent", 5, "good", and 3, "poor". Clinical efficacy rate was 75%. Four strains of Gram-positive cocci (1 strain of S. aureus, 2 strains of S. epidermidis and 1 strain of Streptococcus sp.) and 3 strains of Gram-negative rods (2 strains of P. aeruginosa and 1 strain of E. cloacae) were found in the clinical specimens of the 10 patients. These results differed somewhat from reported data that Gram-negative rods such as E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., are dominant. No serious side effects requiring cessation of treatment were observed. Elevations in the levels of S-GOT, S-GPT, serum alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, etc. were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674524 TI - [Disc sensitivity test for micronomicin]. AB - Susceptibilities of 228 strains of 32 bacterial species to micronomicin (MCR) were determined by the 2-fold agar dilution method in parallel with the diameter of inhibition zone by the single-disc method, under the experimental conditions established by Kanazawa. The experiments demonstrated significant correlation between MIC by the dilution method and diameter of inhibition zone in each of conventional assay of the over-night (about 16 hours) incubation, delayed assay (about 24 hours incubation), and rapid assay (after 5--6 or 3--4 hours incubation), thus confirming applicability of the single-disc assay for MCR. Analysis of the data obtained by using MCR disc containing 30 micrograms revealed the primary regression equation to be: D (diameter, mm) = 25.7-9.5 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in conventional assay, D = 30.3-11.6 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in delayed assay, D = 21.0-7.0 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 5--6 hours rapid assay, D = 16.8-4.8 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 3--4 hours rapid assay, respectively. The range of variations in MICs estimated from the diameter of inhibition zone by the disc test was then calculated in comparison with that in MIC determined by the 2 fold dilution assays, as reference for the experimental errors which may be involved in the estimation of MIC of MCR by the single-disc assay. PMID- 6674525 TI - [Ototoxicity of micronomicin sulfate--audiometric assessment]. AB - Micronomicin sulfate (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, and its antibacterial spectrum is similar to that of gentamicin (GM). According to the animal test, MCR has less ototoxicity than other aminoglycoside antibiotics such as GM. To check its clinical ototoxicity, MCR was given intramuscularly to 20 patients at dose of 120--240 mg/day, respectively for 2--8 days, and audiometry was carried out before and after administration of MCR. No evident change was detected between the preadministration hearing levels and the postadministration hearing levels. These data suggest that MCR is sufficiently safe in ototoxicity within dose of 120 mg/day for 4 days. PMID- 6674527 TI - [Experimental investigation on intrapulmonary and tracheobronchial distribution of ampicillin after administration of a beta-lactam antibiotic, bacampicillin]. AB - Bacampicillin (BAPC) is a esterified derivative of ampicillin (ABPC) developed recently by the Swedish company. In present investigation we measured the concentration of ABPC in plasma, lung and tracheobronchial tissues from normal, pleuritis and pneumonitis male albino rabbits after an oral administration of BAPC. In these 3 groups plasma level of ABPC reached the maximum at 30-50 minutes after oral administration, then showed a gradual decrease. The decaying curves of pleuritis and pneumonitis groups were steeper than that of control group. Plasma level of ABPC in pneumonitis group at the maximum value was about 1/2 comparing with that in control and pleuritis groups. ABPC levels of tracheobronchial tissues in pleuritis and pneumonitis groups were higher than that in control group at 60 minutes after oral administration of BAPC. On the other hand, tissue level of ABPC in control group was higher than that in pleuritis and pneumonitis groups at 120 minutes after oral administration of BAPC. ABPC level of lung tissues (L1 and L5) in control group was higher than that in pleuritis and pneumonitis groups at 60 minutes after oral administration of BAPC, on the other hand ABPC level of L3 in control group was lower than that in pleuritis and pneumonitis groups. ABPC levels of lung tissues (L1 - L5) at 120 minutes after oral administration of BAPC were higher in control group comparing with that in pleuritis and pneumonitis groups. PMID- 6674526 TI - [Clinical use of ticarcillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Efficacy of ticarcillin in single administration and in combination therapy with S sulfonated human immunoglobulin]. AB - Single use of ticarcillin (TIPC, Monapen) was administered in 57 cases and combination therapy of TIPC and S-sulfonated human immunoglobulin (Venilon) was carried out in 23 patients who were either with severe infection, very old or in poor general conditions. The results obtained were as follows. Effective rate of single use of TIPC was 100% (3/3) in cases with infection, 50% (3/6) in cases with infection in which prior antibiotics therapy was poorly effective and 100% (48/48) in post operative cases. Effective rate of combination therapy of TIPC with S-sulfonated human immunoglobulin was 85.7% (6/7) in cases with infection, 71.4% (5/7) in cases with infection in which prior antibiotics therapy was poorly effective and 100% (9/9) in post operative cases. In laboratory findings, mild elevations of transaminase were recognized in 6 cases but restored to normal values without specific therapy. Side effect such as diarrhea, exanthema, fever, nausea and vomiting was not found in our cases. PMID- 6674528 TI - Toxicological studies on bestatin. I. Acute toxicity test in mice, rats and dogs. AB - Studies on acute toxicities of bestatin (NK421) were carried out in both sexes of mice and rats, and male dogs. NK421 was administered subcutaneously, intraperitoneally and orally in mice and rats, and orally in dogs respectively. Mice and rats were observed for 14 days after treatment and LD50 values were calculated by the probit method. NK421 showed very low toxicity and no death occurred in any species following the oral administration of the maximum dose capable of dosing such as 4 g/kg for mice, 2 g/kg for rats and 1.2 g/kg for dog. General toxic signs seen in mice and rats following subcutaneous and intraperitonial injections were as follows; depression, suppressed movement, piloerection, inhibition of spontaneous movement, anorexia and emaciation. Death occurred within 5 days after administration. The toxic target organs of NK421 were found to be kidney, lymphoid tissue and liver based on histopathological examination of dead animals. PMID- 6674529 TI - Toxicological studies on bestatin. II. Subacute toxicity test and recovery study in beagle dogs. AB - Subacute toxicity and its recovery of bestatin (NK421) was studied on both sexes of 34 Beagle dogs. At dose levels of 600, 240, 96 and 38.4 mg/kg, NK421 was administered orally to dogs for 90 successive days. The control group was treated orally with 2 g/dog of corn starch. Each group was constituted of 3 males and 3 females, and 2 males and 2 females were added to the 240 mg/kg group for the recovery test for 35 days. As general symptoms, loss of appetite, vomiting, abnormal feces (loose stool, diarrhea, mucous stool), eye mucus, decoloration of the visible mucous membrance and unkempt fur were observed slightly and almost dose-dependently in the group dosed with more than 96 mg/kg. Body weight decreased with the passage of time in the 600 and 240 mg/kg groups, but no death appeared in any group. In correlation with general signs, slight anemia was seen hematologically, and the increased alkaline phosphatase activity and the decreased albumin ratio in serum protein fraction were observed biochemically. The slight abnormal findings of bone marrow, spleen and liver were also demonstrated histopathologically. All the above findings disappeared during the recovery period. The maximum non-toxic dose of NK421 in this study is estimated to be 38.4 mg/kg in dogs. PMID- 6674530 TI - Toxicological studies on bestatin. III. Chronic toxicity test and recovery study in beagle dogs. AB - Chronic toxicity and its recovery of bestatin (NK421) was studied in both sexes of 28 Beagle dogs. At dose levels of 96, 38.4 and 15.4 mg/kg, NK421 was administered orally to dogs for 540 successive days. Control dogs were treated orally with 2 g/dog of corn starch. Each group consisted of 3 males and 3 females, and 2 males and 2 females were added to the 38.4 mg/kg group for a recovery test of 35 days. As general signs, anorexia, abnormal feces (loose stool, diarrhea, mucous stool), loss of activity, loss of lustre in fur, decoloration of the visible mucosa and emaciation were transiently observed in a early stage in 1 male and 1 female of the 96 mg/kg group. In correlation with these signs, slight anemia appeared hematologically, and the increased alkaline phosphatase activity and the decreased albumin ratio in serum protein fractions were observed biochemically. Except for the slight abnormal findings observed in the liver of the above 2 dogs, no significant changes were histopathologically noticed in any organ of all the dogs examined. The maximum non-toxic dose of NK421 in this study is estimated to be 38.4 mg/kg in dogs. PMID- 6674531 TI - Toxicological studies on bestatin. IV. Studies on antigenicity, ocular mucosal irritation and mutagenicity. AB - The antigenicity, local irritation and mutagenicity tests of bestatin (NK421) were carried out as special toxicity studies. The antigenicity tests in rabbits and guinea pigs were as follows: active and passive anaphylactic shock tests, Schultz-Dale reaction test, PCA (passive cutaneous anaphylaxis) reaction test, agar gel precipitation test, hemagglutination test of tannic acid-treated erythrocyte and the test according to the appraisal in the U.S.A. The ocular mucosal irritation test in rabbits was performed as a local irritation test. The mutagenicity test was made using S. typhimurium TA100, TA98 strains by means of preincubation method. The results were that NK421 had no antigenicity, irritation on the ocular mucosa and mutagenicity. PMID- 6674532 TI - [Safety evaluation of micronomicin IV. Acute toxicity in rats, rabbits and dogs after drip intravenous infusion]. AB - Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara City by Nara et al. This antibiotic shows a close similarity to gentamicin C components in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc, as well as against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Toxicological studies of MCR were carried out for safety evaluation as follows: Studies were carried out to assess acute toxicity, when administered in 1 hour by drip intravenous infusion to Wistar rats, Japanese White rabbits and Beagle dogs. The results of the studies are summarised as follows: There was no difference on acute toxicity between drip intravenous infusion (d.i.v.) and intramuscular injection (i.m.) in rats. However, acute toxicity of d.i.v. was less than that of bolus intravenous administration (i.v.) in rats. Acute toxicity of d.i.v. was stronger than that of i.m. in dogs when administered in rats. Acute toxicity varied with species, and it was ranked in rabbits not equal to dogs greater than rats. There was no difference on symptoms between d.i.v. and i.m. PMID- 6674533 TI - [Safety evaluation of micronomicin V. Subacute toxicity in rats after intravenous injection]. AB - Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara City by Nara et al. This antibiotic shows a close similarity to gentamicin C components in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc. as well as against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Toxicological studies of MCR in rats were carried out by intravenous injection for safety evaluation. Study on subacute toxicity: Wistar rats were injected intravenously with MCR at the dose levels of 4, 10, 25, 63 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for 30 days. The results of the studies are as follows: In the subacute toxicity study, animals died at the dose level of 100 mg/kg (10 out of 30 animals). Main changes observed were renal disorders and ataxia which showed a close similarity to those seen in intramuscular toxicity studies in rats. The renal histological disorders occurred mainly at the dose levels of 25 mg/kg and over, but they were slight at the dose levels of 25 mg/kg. Ataxia was observed at the dose levels of 63 mg/kg and over, but its grade was slight at the dose level of 63 mg/kg. The maximum safety dose was equal to in the intramuscular subacute toxicity in rats, 10 mg/kg. PMID- 6674534 TI - [Safety evaluation of micronomicin VI. Subacute toxicity in rabbits after drip intravenous infusion]. AB - Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara City by Nara et al. This antibiotic shows a close similarity to gentamicin C components in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc. as well as against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Subacute toxicity studies of MCR in rabbits were carried out by drip intravenous infusion (d.i.v.) comparing with intramuscular injection (i.m.) for 30 days (doses; d.i.v. = 4, 25, 63 mg/kg, i.m. = 63 mg/kg). The results of the studies are as follows: Animals did not die at any dose. Renal disorders occurred mainly at the dose level of 63 mg/kg; they were almost similar to those observed when administered by i.m., and the grade of disorders in d.i.v. was the same as in i.m. The maximum safety dose was 4 mg/kg. PMID- 6674535 TI - [Safety evaluation of micronomicin VII. Fertility study by intravenous injection in rats]. AB - Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara City by Nara et al. This antibiotic shows a close similarity to gentamicin C components in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc. as well as against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Fertility studies of MCR in rats were carried out by intravenous injection for safety evaluation (Dose: 25, 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg). The results of studies are as follows. There was no adverse effect on fertility ability at any dose. Suppression of adult body weight gain was observed slightly at all dose level in male and at the dose level of 75 mg/kg in female. PMID- 6674536 TI - [Safety evaluation of micronomicin VIII. Teratogenicity studies in rabbits after intravenous injection]. AB - Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara City by Nara et al. This antibiotic shows a close similarity to gentamicin C components in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc. as well as against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Teratogenicity studies of MCR in rabbits were carried out by intravenous injection for safety evaluation (Dose; 25, 50 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg). The results of studies are as follows. Fetal malformation attributable to MCR was not observed at any dose. There was no adverse effect on new borns at any dose. PMID- 6674537 TI - [Safety evaluation of micronomicin IX. Perinatal and postnatal study by intravenous injection in rats]. AB - Micronomicin (MCR) is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans which was isolated from soil collected at Sagamihara City by Nara et al. This antibiotic shows a close similarity to gentamicin C components in physical and chemical properties. The antibacterial activity of MCR is broad-spectrum and almost equal to that of gentamicin C complex. MCR exhibits particularly high activity against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, etc. as well as against some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin C1a. Perinatal and postnatal studies of MCR in rats were carried out by intravenous injection for safety evaluation (Dose; 25, 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg). The results of studies are as follows. There was no adverse effect on delivery and nursing ability in dams at any dose. There was no adverse effect at any dose on postnatal development of offspring, such as weight gain, postnatal differentiation, spontaneous motor activity, learning, sexual maturation and reproductive performance. Renal toxicity was observed at dose of 75 mg/kg in autopsy of dams after treatment. PMID- 6674538 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies on micronomicin in rats. Comparison of intramuscular and drip intravenous administration models]. AB - Absorption, tissue distribution and excretion of micronomicin (MCR) were studied in rats after intramuscular or 30 minutes drip intravenous administration (10 mg/kg). Serum levels of MCR were measured by bioassay, enzyme immunoassay and high pressure liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic studies of MCR after intramuscular or drip intravenous administration were carried out using one compartment open model or two-compartment open model, respectively. Among 3 assay methods, similar pharmacokinetic parameters of MCR were obtained. In the simulation of serum levels of MCR, the differences between the measured and calculated serum levels after intramuscular or drip intravenous administration were less than 19% of the former levels. After intramuscular or drip intravenous administration of MCR, similar changes of the organ (kidneys, lungs, spleen and liver) levels were observed. Urinary recovery rates of MCR amounted to 82.3% or 91.6% by 24 hours after intramuscular or drip intravenous administration, respectively. After intramuscular or drip intravenous administration of MCR, no metabolites were found in urine of rats. PMID- 6674539 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies on micronomicin in dogs. Comparison of intramuscular and drip intravenous administration models]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of micronomicin (MCR) were studied in dogs after intramuscular (i.m.) and drip intravenous (d.i.v., 0.5, 1 and 2 hours) administration (10 mg/kg). After i.m. administration, the plasma levels of MCR followed a one-compartment open model, and after d.i.v. administration it followed a two-compartment open model. The peak plasma levels of MCR after i.m., 0.5, 1 and 2 hours d.i.v. administration were 28.7 +/- 6.5, 36.7 +/- 3.6, 30.2 +/ 5.1 and 20.3 +/- 2.3 mcg/ml, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters (T1/2, AUC, Kel, Vd and Cl) of MCR except Cmax and Tmax were not differentiated by the route of administration. Urinary recovery of MCR after d.i.v. administration was equal to that of MCR after i.m. administration. PMID- 6674540 TI - [Muscle-relaxant effects of intravenously administered micronomicin]. AB - Pharmacological effects, mainly on its muscle-relaxant of micronomicin (MCR) were studied. Intravenous infusion of MCR at a dose of 20 mg/kg/hour did not influence on both respiration rate and cardiovascular functions in anesthetized rabbits. When MCR was injected to anesthetized rabbit at an intravenous dose of 100 mg/kg, a respiratory arrest followed by a cardiac arrest was observed. This effect was antagonized by either treatment with CaCl2 or artificial respiration. In slant test, MCR at a dose of 100 mg/kg (i.v.) in mice induced muscle relaxation. This effect was weakened by slowing the injection speed of the drug. Intravenous injection of MCR potentiated the lethality induced by either d-tubocurarine or succinylcholine. Intravenous injection of MCR influenced on neither pentobarbital sodium-, ethyl ether-, nor halothane-induced anesthesia in mice. From these results, intravenous infusion of MCR at a dose of 20 mg/kg/hour that is considered as 5 approximately 10 times of clinical dose (120 approximately 240 mg/day) did not influence on both respiration and cardiovascular functions. PMID- 6674541 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies of micronomicin using a continuous intravenous infusion method]. AB - The basic pharmacokinetics of micronomicin (MCR) were studied in 4 healthy adult volunteers. MCR 60 and 120 mg were intravenously administered in 30 and 60 minutes at constant rates by means of continuous infusion apparatus. The same dosages were also tested by intramuscular route. The concentrations of MCR in serum and urine were determined by HPLC and analyzed following the two compartment open model after intravenous treatment and following the one compartment open model after intramuscular treatment. When MCR was given by intramuscular route, the mean serum concentration of 4 subjects reached a peak of 3.98 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after a dose of 60 mg and 6.7 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after that of 120 mg. The peak concentration was achieved at the end of intravenous infusion and was dose-related, since it was 6.1 and 10.5 micrograms/ml after a 30-minute infusion of 60 and 120 mg, respectively, and 4.85 and 9.43 micrograms/ml after a 60-minute infusion of 60 and 120 mg, respectively. At 8 hours, concentrations dropped to less than 0.1 microgram/ml and to 0.2 microgram/ml or less after 60 and 120 mg, respectively, regardless of the route and rate of administration. The mean urinary recovery up to 8 hours ranged 84 to 92% of the dose. There were no appreciable differences in pharmacokinetic parameters among 4 modes of intravenous infusion, with a T1/2(beta) of 1.43 approximately 2.02 hours. In the case of intramuscular treatment, parameters analyzed following the one-compartment open model were on similar levels to corresponding values found after intravenous treatment and the T1/2 was 1.39 hours after 60 mg and 1.43 hours after 120 mg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674542 TI - [Clinical studies of intravenous drip infusion of micronomicin. 1. Absorption and excretion]. AB - Pharmacokinetics of MCR administered by 1 hour intravenous drip infusion were studied in healthy volunteers by two-compartment model. In 120 mg-dosage group (n = 3) studies were made by single administration, and in 60 mg-dosage group (n = 4) were administered twice daily and continued until a total of 9 doses. RESULTS: When MCR was administered in a 60 mg dosage, its Cmax was 4.3 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml (mean +/- S.D.) after the 1st dose and 3.7 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml after the 9th dose, while it was 8.8 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml when the dosage was 120 mg. It should be noted that in the case of repeated dosing with 60 mg, serum levels just before administration were always below the analytical limit. The mean of T 1/2 was 1.69 +/- 0.14 hours, remaining stable at all determination. The kinetic parameters that showed different values between determinations performed after the 1st and 9th 60 mg doses were V1 (0.107 vs 0.164 L/kg) and Kel (1.02 vs 0.68 hr-1). This was also the case with comparison of 2 different dosage groups (60 mg 1st vs 120 mg; V1: 0.107 vs 0.135 L/kg, Kel: 1.02 vs 0.72 hr-1). There was no evidence indicative of side effect of MCR. DISCUSSION: The above results demonstrated that Cmax and other kinetic parameters were little influenced by whether MCR was administered by intravenous drip infusion or by intramuscular injection. There was a little larger difference in AUC between those 2 routes of administration but the differences seemed negligible when the same dosage was used. Pharmacokinetic studies are to be continued in subjects whose renal function is impaired in different ways to establish the optimum dosage regimen for MCR. PMID- 6674543 TI - [Clinical study on intravenous infusion of micronomicin]. AB - In recent years, aminoglycoside agents as well as beta-lactam antibiotics have been increasingly used with increased incidence of opportunistic infection caused mainly by Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, we administered micronomicin sulfate (MCR), reportedly lower in nephrotoxicity, at doses of 60 and 120 mg by intravenous drip infusion for 1 and 2 hours to healthy male volunteers and determined the blood level and the urinary recovery rate. The peak of blood level after 1 hour infusion of MCR was 7.3 micrograms/ml in the 60 mg group and 9.5 micrograms/ml in the 120 mg group. T 1/2 (beta) was 3.34 and 2.48 hours respectively. The peak of blood level after 2 hours infusion of MCR was 5.7 micrograms/ml in the 60 mg group and 8.7 micrograms/ml in the 120 mg group. T 1/2 (beta) was 3.36 and 3.71 hours respectively. In the 120 mg group, the urinary recovery rate for the first 24 hours was 53.5% after 1 hour infusion and 60.9% after 2 hours infusion. In the 60 mg group, the rate was higher, 90.1 and 98.6% respectively. It was suggested that intravenous drip infusion of 120 mg of MCR for 1 hour is comparable to intramuscular injection of the same dose. Further, safety and effectiveness of this drug were studied in 7 clinical cases of urological infection. Good results were obtained in 7 clinical cases given 60 or 120 mg of MCR by intravenous drip infusion. Neither side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed in clinical cases. PMID- 6674544 TI - [Clinical study on drip infusion of micronomicin in the fields of surgery and gynecology]. AB - The drip infusion of micronomicin (MCR) in the field of surgery and gynecology was investigated. MCR was administered by drip infusion to 73 cases of surgical diseases and 31 cases of gynecological diseases. The clinical effective rate of MCR alone was 68% in all cases and that of MCR combined with other antibiotics was 89%. No remarkable side effect of drip infusion of MCR was found in all cases. Drip infusion of MCR was found to be as effective and safe as intramuscular injection of the antibiotic. PMID- 6674545 TI - [Clinical evaluation of tinidazole on anaerobic infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - The bacteriological and clinical effect of tinidazole (TDZ) was evaluated in 16 cases of intrauterine, intrapelvic and vulvar infection caused by anaerobic organisms and the following results were obtained. Anaerobes were detected in 16 cases, including 1 case with anaerobes alone and 15 cases with mixed anaerobes and aerobes. Eight different species and 24 strains were detected. A single species was isolated from 9 cases, 2 species from 6 cases and 3 species from 1 case. The main species detected were Bacteroides fragilis and Peptostreptococcus spp. of which 9 strains (37.5%) each were isolated. Escherichia coli and B. fragilis was the most frequently occurring combination. The peak MIC values of TDZ were 0.78 micrograms/ml for B. fragilis and 1.56 micrograms/ml for Peptostreptococcus spp. Most other organisms were also sensitive to TDZ. The bacteriological response of the anaerobic infections to TDZ was 87.5% and overall clinical efficacy was 87.5%. Few side effects were observed. PMID- 6674546 TI - [Clinical evaluation of cefbuperazone in complicated urinary tract infection]. AB - Cefbuperazone, a new cephamycin antibiotic, was used in 13 complicated UTI cases. The drug was given at a dose of 1 g in 100 ml of physiological saline solution twice a day for 5 - 14 days and judged for its clinical effect in 11 cases on days 5 - 7 according to the criteria of the UTI committee. Overall clinical efficacy was excellent in 3 cases, moderate in 2 cases and poor in 6 cases, the effectiveness rate was 45.5%. In laboratory findings, slightly elevated transaminase and A1-P were observed in 2 cases and 1 case, respectively. PMID- 6674547 TI - [Antibacterial peptides (XX). Synthesis and antibacterial activity of alpha acyltetrapeptides containing basic amino acids (IX)]. AB - In order to compare the antibacterial activity with Acyl-Lys-Lys(Thr)-Glu-OH (I), already reported, 3 kinds of Acyl-Lys-Lys(Glu)-Thr-OH (9a - c) and corresponding tetrapeptide (10), which were exchanged Thr for Glu on I, were synthesized by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide method. It was proved the (+)-6-methyloctanoyl-Lys Lys(Glu)-Thr-OH (9a) shows antibacterial activity against 5 kinds of Gram negative bacteria and against 2 kinds of Gram-positive bacteria, but that the others (9b), (9c), only have the weak one, and that tetrapeptide has against Gram positive bacteria; and that those compounds have almost the same one as Acyl-Lys Lys(Thr)-Glu-OH (I) has. PMID- 6674548 TI - Discrepancy between plasma level of intravenously infused kanamycin and its neuromuscular blocking action in anesthetized rats. PMID- 6674549 TI - [Protective effect of fosfomycin against renal accumulation of aminoglycoside antibiotics]. AB - Male Wistar rats received 20 mg/kg/day of amikacin (AMK) with or without 200 mg/kg/day of fosfomycin (FOM) for 5 days. Accumulation of AMK in renal lysosome containing fraction was inhibited by FOM. FOM was reported to interfere with the nephrotoxic properties of aminoglycosides. Our observation supports the finding. PMID- 6674550 TI - [Comparison of side effects of intravenous cephapirin and cephalothin with special reference to the incidence of phlebitis]. AB - The frequency and severity of side effects, above all, phlebitis, associated with an intravenous use of cephapirin (CEPR) or cephalothin (CET) was compared in 69 patients with infections. Two grams of each drug were administered intravenously twice a day with a 21-G vein needle in one of the two arms of the patients. CEPR was administered to 32 patients, and CET to 37 patients respectively. After treatment, the status of the veins was checked, and laboratory findings and other side effects were evaluated daily. Each drug appeared to be equally efficacious in the treatment of infections. The administration of CEPR was associated with a slightly lower rate of phlebitis and other side effects, but the difference between the 2 drugs was not significant (0.05 less than P less than 0.10). Phlebitis was observed in 1 patient (3.1%) of CEPR group and in 3 patients (8.1%) of CET group. Side effects, including phlebitis, were observed in 4 patients (12.5%) of CEPR group and in 12 patients (32.4%) of CET group. In CET group, drug exanthema (3 cases), drug fever (3 cases), and abnormalities in liver function (4 cases) were observed. These findings, together with the results of other reports, suggest that CEPR is a safe and useful drug in the treatment of infection as compared with CET. PMID- 6674551 TI - [Chronological variations in blood isolates and their susceptibility to various antibiotics]. AB - Chronological variation in blood isolates obtained from 1968 to 1982 was studied. Escherichia coli was the most frequent isolates followed by Klebsiella species, glucose-non-fermentative Gram-negative rods (excluding Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Enterobacter-Serratia group, and Staphylococcus aureus. The isolation of glucose non-fermentative Gram-negative rods, about half of which being Achromobacter xylosoxidans, increased greatly in number from 1980. A total of 113 strains of blood isolates was examined for susceptibility to various antibiotics. Although there was a significant increase in S. aureus resistant to GM, these strains were susceptible to cephalosporins. In the 9 strains of GM-resistant aerobic Gram negative rods (2 strains of Klebsiella, 2 strains of Enterobacter, 4 strains of Serratia and 1 strain of P. aeruginosa), 3 strains of Serratia species were also resistant to AMK. Two strains of LCM-resistant Bacteroides fragilis were susceptible to LMOX, but 1 strain was not inhibited by 100 micrograms/ml of CFX. Among the clinical specimens, differences were found in the rate of isolation of resistant strains, particularly in the case of Serratia and P. aeruginosa. Antibiotic resistant strains were isolated more frequently from urine and the least frequently from sputum. Since the frequency of isolation of resistant strains varied according to organism, clinical material and year of isolation, microbiological laboratories should develop their own data base from which clinicians can make rational therapeutic decisions. PMID- 6674552 TI - [Aerosol administration of dibekacin--the sputum concentration]. AB - Serum concentrations of dibekacin (DKB), sisomicin (SISO) and gentamicin (GM) were measured in 3 rabbits after intratracheal administration through the transtracheal teflon tube. The peak serum levels (average) were 106 micrograms/ml (administrated 100 mg DKB for injection), 148 micrograms/ml (administrated 100 mg DKB solution), 166 micrograms/ml (administrated 100 mg SISO solution) and 80 micrograms/ml (administrated 80 mg GM solution). Serum concentrations and urine excretions of DKB were measured in 3 volunteers after aerosol administration using ultrasonic nebulizer. The peak serum levels (average) were 4.6 micrograms/ml (administrated 100 mg DKB for injection) and 3.1 micrograms/ml (administrated 100 mg DKB solution). The urine excretions (average) were 3.7 mg and 4.3 mg respectively during 6 hours. Before and after administration of DKB aerosol the spirogram and flow-volume curve were examined in the volunteers. But the examinations showed no changes. Sputum concentrations were measured in 1 patient with chronic bronchobronchiolitis after administration of DKB aerosols using the ultrasonic nebulizer. The highest sputum concentration was acquired immediately after nebulization and the sputum levels decreased gradually while time passed. Six patients with the lower respiratory tract infections were treated with DKB aerosol therapy and the utility rate was 80%. PMID- 6674553 TI - [Clinical experience with cefoperazone in respiratory tract infections and studies on its penetration into pleural effusion]. AB - Patients with bronchopulmonary infections were treated with cefoperazone (CPZ), and the serum and pleural effusion concentrations were determined after 2g CPZ drip infusion. The following results were obtained: Eight of 10 patients treated with CPZ responded with a significant clinical improvement. Side effects were found in 4 cases; eruption in 1 case, fever and granulocytopenia in 1 case, elevation of GPT in 1 case, and thrombocytopenia in 1 case. But these side effects disappeared immediately after cessation of CPZ treatment. Intravenous drip infusion of 2 g CPZ yielded a peak serum concentration of 112.0 --210.0 micrograms/ml immediately after the end of drip infusion, and a peak pleural effusion concentration of 8.8--43.0 micrograms/ml at 2--6 hours after the end of drip infusion. The ratio of peak pleural effusion concentration to peak serum concentration was 4.4--26.9%. PMID- 6674554 TI - [Proposal for the clinical application of left ventricular assist device]. PMID- 6674555 TI - [Dobutamine, dopamine, and other catecholamine-like substances for myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6674556 TI - [Effects of sympathetic blocking agents on vasodilation]. PMID- 6674557 TI - [Effects of calcium antagonists on mean circulatory pressure]. PMID- 6674558 TI - [Effects and limitations of vasodilator agents-trapidil and other smooth muscle relaxant]. PMID- 6674559 TI - [Mexiletine, an anti-arrhythmia agent for acute stage of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6674560 TI - [Disopyramide, an anti-arrhythmia agent for acute stage of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6674561 TI - [Aprindine, an anti-arrhythmia agent for arrhythmia associated with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6674562 TI - [Amiodarone, a new anti-arrhythmia agent in arrhythmia associated with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6674563 TI - [Thrombolytic therapy]. PMID- 6674564 TI - [Intra-aortic balloon pumping]. PMID- 6674565 TI - [Veno-arterial bypass in heart failure following myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6674566 TI - [Mechanical circulatory assistance (MCA)--clinical studies]. PMID- 6674567 TI - [Physical factors affecting the prognosis of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6674568 TI - [Complications affecting the prognosis of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6674569 TI - [Factors affecting the prognosis of myocardial infarct. Time from the onset to initial treatment]. PMID- 6674570 TI - [Present status of coronary care units in Japan]. PMID- 6674571 TI - [Mobile coronary care unit--early phase of acute myocardial infarct and usefulness of MCCU]. PMID- 6674572 TI - [Tonic vibration reflex and acupuncture]. PMID- 6674573 TI - [Problems concerning standard electrodes used in recording EEG]. PMID- 6674574 TI - [Re-examination of montage for recording EEG]. PMID- 6674575 TI - [Sleep apnea and polysomnography]. PMID- 6674576 TI - [Respiration monitoring by respiratory sound analysis]. PMID- 6674577 TI - [Measurement of electric impedance of extremities and its clinical application]. PMID- 6674578 TI - [Cardiovascular diseases and clinical laboratory examination. (5). Atherosclerosis and abnormal metabolism of lipids]. PMID- 6674579 TI - [Human immunoglobulin D. II. Radioimmunoassay and latex fixation test for the determination of IgD]. PMID- 6674580 TI - [Presence of anti-placental ALP antibody and intestinal ALP linked to immunoglobulins in a patient with myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 6674581 TI - [Case of anti-streptolysin O activity in M-like protein detected by preparative electrofocusing]. PMID- 6674582 TI - [High urinary chromium levels in patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 6674583 TI - [New approach in the data analysis of radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 6674584 TI - [In vitro augmentation of human natural killer cell activity by pokeweed mitogen stimulated lymphocytes]. PMID- 6674585 TI - [Statistical analysis of laboratory data on disseminated intravascular coagulation--use of multivariative analysis]. PMID- 6674586 TI - [Studies on the function of monocytes from patients with multiple myeloma. IV. Effects of the monocytes on the function of lymphocytes]. PMID- 6674587 TI - [Ventricular septal motion and left ventricular performance in patients with artificial pacemakers]. PMID- 6674588 TI - [Changes in the blood pressure and electrocardiogram in healthy subjects with recumbent arrhythmias during a cold pressor test]. PMID- 6674589 TI - [2 cases of infective endocarditis due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans]. PMID- 6674590 TI - [Neonatal meningitis caused by Campylobacter fetus]. PMID- 6674591 TI - [Radiologic-pathologic correlation of pulmonary diseases with special reference to the secondary pulmonary lobule]. PMID- 6674592 TI - [Site of the appearance of the pulmonary ligament]. PMID- 6674593 TI - [Computed tomography of the bronchovascular anatomy of the lungs. 1. The right upper lobe and left upper division]. PMID- 6674594 TI - [Computed tomography of the ascites]. PMID- 6674595 TI - [Future of the digital medical image control system]. PMID- 6674596 TI - [2 cases of intrathoracic lipoma]. PMID- 6674597 TI - [Case of subacute hepatitis with interesting CT findings]. PMID- 6674598 TI - [Case of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver]. PMID- 6674599 TI - [Case of schistosomiasis japonica with hepatic calcification]. PMID- 6674600 TI - [Case of hepatic artery aneurysm in which echography and CT were useful for the diagnosis]. PMID- 6674601 TI - [2 cases of afferent loop syndrome diagnosed by ultrasound]. PMID- 6674602 TI - [Case of multiple colonic polyps apparently developing into adenocarcinoma during a 12-year-observation]. PMID- 6674603 TI - [Case of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 6674604 TI - [Adrenal scintigraphy of Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral macronodular hyperplasia]. PMID- 6674605 TI - [Tumor of the eye. (2)]. PMID- 6674606 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of spondylitis]. PMID- 6674607 TI - [Experience of iopamidol in peripheral arteriography]. PMID- 6674608 TI - [Ultrasonography diagnosis of calcified lesions of the liver]. PMID- 6674609 TI - [A case report of pulmonary aspergilloma]. PMID- 6674610 TI - [Two cases of biliary cystadenocarcinoma]. PMID- 6674611 TI - [An interesting case of double cancer of the stomach and gallbladder]. PMID- 6674612 TI - [A case with cholecystoduodenal fistula and CAT scanning]. PMID- 6674613 TI - [Primary malignant lymphoma with multiple ulcers in the entire colon: a case report]. PMID- 6674614 TI - [Application of xeroradiography to maxillofacial lesions]. PMID- 6674615 TI - [Effects of smoking, alcohol and coffee drinking on the course of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6674616 TI - [Effect of water-immersion stress on blood viscosity and gastric mucosal blood flow in rats]. PMID- 6674617 TI - [Gastric adaptation to indomethacin in rat]. PMID- 6674618 TI - [The effects of sex hormones on the macrophage-mediated hepatocytotoxicity]. PMID- 6674620 TI - [Crohn's disease in siblings]. PMID- 6674619 TI - [A follow-up study on the liver in alcoholics]. PMID- 6674621 TI - [Hodgkin's disease of the small intestine]. PMID- 6674622 TI - [An autopsy case of extrahepatic portal obstruction with hepatic morphological features similar to those of idiopathic portal hypertension]. PMID- 6674623 TI - [A case of primary biliary cirrhosis with special reference to copper metabolism]. PMID- 6674625 TI - [A trial of double-contrast cholecystography under ultrasound guidance. A case of early cancer of the gallbladder]. PMID- 6674624 TI - [Quantitative assessment of hepatic microsomal function by breath test using 13C aminopyrine]. PMID- 6674627 TI - [Assessment on blood pressure differences in both arms and arm-and-leg]. PMID- 6674626 TI - [Plasma cholecystokinin response following ingestion of test meal in chronic pancreatitis patients]. PMID- 6674628 TI - [Hyperlipidemia in pregnancy and influence of weight change after delivery on total cholesterol]. PMID- 6674630 TI - [Recovery of activity of daily living in cases of cerebral infarction]. PMID- 6674629 TI - [Serum creatine phosphokinase levels of rural and urban subjects in Japan]. PMID- 6674631 TI - [Effect of aging on cerebrospinal fluid GABA level]. PMID- 6674632 TI - [Application of roentgenography to medicolegal diagnosis. I. Gunshot wounds]. PMID- 6674634 TI - [A case of diagnosis of drowning by means of cremated bones]. PMID- 6674633 TI - [An autopsy case of fatal anaphylactic shock following intra-venous administration of sulbenicillin]. PMID- 6674635 TI - Differentiation of sex origin of bloodstains by radioimmunoassay of sex hormones. PMID- 6674636 TI - [A method for determination of methemoglobin in blood containing carboxyhemoglobin]. PMID- 6674637 TI - Detection of methamphetamine from urine by a latex agglutination inhibition test using microtiter technique. PMID- 6674638 TI - Enzymic microanalysis of spermine and its application to forensic practice. PMID- 6674639 TI - [Properties of antibodies in goat anti-human hemoglobin A0 sera separated by affinity chromatography]. PMID- 6674640 TI - [The significance of serum immune complex in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6674641 TI - [Immune complex in patients with nephrotic syndrome and collagen diseases]. PMID- 6674642 TI - [Clinical effects of dilazep dihydrochloride on glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6674643 TI - [A histopathological study of asymptomatic hypocomplementemic persistent glomerulonephritis: manifestation of the early stage of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis?]. PMID- 6674644 TI - [Histopathological study of isolated hematuria]. PMID- 6674645 TI - [Long-term outcome of lupus nephritis]. PMID- 6674646 TI - [Evaluation of exercise tolerance and cardiac function on symptom limited treadmill exercise test in chronic hemodialysis patients, and exercise training]. PMID- 6674647 TI - [The glucocorticoid effect on the impaired water excretion and hypofunctioned thick ascending limb of Henle in the adrenalectomized rabbit]. PMID- 6674648 TI - [Experimental autoimmune antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody induced glomerulonephritis (GN) by immunization with rat GBM antigen derived from Masugi nephritis in Wistar rats]. PMID- 6674649 TI - [The mechanism of HbA1 synthesis and its clinical aspects in renal failure]. PMID- 6674650 TI - [Urinary excretion of prostaglandin E in various female hypertensive diseases- with special reference to ages, urinary excretion of electrolytes and the severity of hypertension]. PMID- 6674651 TI - [Two cases of shunt nephritis]. PMID- 6674652 TI - [IgA nephritis accompanied by malignant hypertension. Report of a case]. PMID- 6674653 TI - Distribution of water losses among fluid compartments of tissues under thermal dehydration in the rat. AB - Dehydration amounting to about 10% of body weight was induced in adult male rats by exposure to a hot, dry environment (D.B.T., 36 degrees C; R.H., 20%) over 6 to 8 hr. The volumes of total water (TW), extracellular fluid (ECF), and plasma (PV) were determined both on individual tissues and on the whole body using the constant dry weight as well as 51Cr-EDTA and 125I-RIHSA dilution methods. Total body water (TBW), intracellular (ICF), and interstitial (ISF) fluid volumes were calculated from these data. The 10% loss of body weight caused a decrease in TBW by 17% from the control value; 41% of this loss was from ICF, 47% from ISF, and 12% from PV. The decrease of ISF was proportional to that of PV and the water loss from ICF was caused by an increase in plasma osmolality. As to the water loss from organs, 40% of the whole body water loss came from muscle, 30% from skin, 14% from bone, and 14% from viscera. The G.I. tract had the highest tendency to lose water while the brain and liver showed the least. These findings suggest that under heat-induced dehydration, both the extra- and intracellular fluid compartments of muscle and skin play an important role in the compensation of water loss and in the maintenance of circulation to the brain and liver. PMID- 6674654 TI - Twenty-four-hour pattern of ventricular excitation rhythm in resting normal human subjects. AB - Using a biotelemetry system, the electrocardiogram (ECG) was continuously measured over 24 hr in a given environmental condition in 8 normal human subjects. The frequency of ventricular excitation rhythm (VER) was obtained from inverse of R-R interval of ECG. This study was undertaken to be informed of the variation of VER over 24 hr in resting normal subjects with different ages. The averaged frequency of VER per day (VERd) and its relative coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 1.44 to 1.01 Hz (mean: 1.24 Hz) and 26 to 10% (mean: 20%) with age of 10 to 73 years (mean: 42 years). VERd and CV showed a tendency to decrease with age. The VERd histogram showed not a normal distribution but a multimodal distribution. Two or three large positive deviations, denoted as L, N, and H modal components, from the normal distribution curve were detected. The mode of L and H modal components was 1.01 and 1.37 Hz, respectively. The frequency distribution of L and H modal components changed with relation to a circadian rhythm and sleep-wakefulness cycles. An hourly histogram of ventricular excitation rhythm (VERh) frequently showed an unimodal distribution and the relative coefficient of variation of VERh ranged from 7.9 to 13.3% which was smaller than that of CV. The mode of VERh histogram changed in association with the circadian rhythm, the sleep-wakefulness cycles and a fluctuation period of 2 to 3 hr. PMID- 6674655 TI - Conditions for secretion of vasopressin in pressor amounts in water-replete rats. AB - Conditions for secretion of pressor amounts of vasopressin were sought in conscious, water-replete rats. The characteristic lowering of arterial pressure on injection of a vasopressin antagonist was used to detect vasopressin secretion in pressor amounts. The absence or marked abatement of both baroreceptor impulses and adrenomedullary secretion were found necessary for secretion of vasopressin in pressor amounts: the vasopressin antagonist lowered arterial pressure in rats with sinoaortic denervation and ganglion blockade or adrenalectomy. Besides baroreceptor activity and adrenomedullary secretion, anesthetics were also found inhibitory on vasopressin release in pressor amounts. The adrenomedullary hormone signaling the presence of adrenomedullary activity to the vasopressin releasing mechanism was identified as noradrenaline and not adrenaline. It is suggested that the vasopressin pressor mechanism is recruited to sustain arterial pressure when the sympathoadrenal system fails. PMID- 6674656 TI - Dependence of shortening heat on sarcomere length in frog muscle and fiber bundles. AB - The relation between shortening heat and sarcomere length was studied using fiber bundles from frog semitendinosus muscles as well as using whole muscles. The initial sarcomere length was varied between 2.0 and 3.66 micron. Shortening heat was estimated as the excess heat produced after a rapid isovelocity release in a 3 sec tetanus at 0 degrees C. The isometric control heat was measured in the same tetanus, before and after the period of shortening. The unstimulated whole muscles showed a large thermoelastic absorption of heat when released at sarcomere lengths longer than 2.5 micron, and the apparent shortening heat was negative at very long sarcomere lengths. The apparent shortening heat was corrected by subtracting the thermoelastic heat absorption by assuming that the thermoelastic effect was also present in releases of active muscles. The corrected shortening heat decreased linearly with increasing sarcomere length in the range 2.29-3.66 micron, intersecting the length axis at 3.73 +/- 0.21 micron. The thermoelastic heat absorption at long sarcomere lengths was substantially reduced in fiber bundles, suggesting that the parallel elasticity responsible for the thermoelastic effect is mainly present outside muscle cells. The corrected shortening heat in fiber bundles also decreased linearly with increasing sarcomere length, intersecting the length axis at 3.84 +/- 0.25 micron. Thus the results on fiber bundles, also based on correction but the extent of which is substantially smaller than in whole muscles, are in agreement with the results on whole muscles. The results are interpreted to mean that shortening heat is produced by the interaction of thick and thin filaments in contracting muscle. PMID- 6674658 TI - A simple microtonometric method for whole blood oxygen dissociation curve and a critical evaluation of the "single point" procedure for blood P50. AB - We devised a rapid and simple method to obtain oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) for a small amount of blood with simple equipment. This system achieved the gas blood equilibrium within 3 min. Oxygen saturation of the equilibrated blood was measured spectrophotometrically while the pH, PCO2, and PO2 was measured with a Radiometer blood gas analyzer system. Whole procedures to construct ODC from the 6 point measurements could be performed within 1 hr. The standard ODC for 25 normal Japanese adults showed a mean P50 of 27.6 +/- 1.1 Torr (pH 7.40, PCO2 40 Torr, 37 degrees C), a slightly higher value than previously reported. The discrepancy, however, can be eliminated when corrected for a slightly lower SO2 by the present procedure. The standard curves for the adult blood at pH 7.20 and 7.60 and for the cord blood at pH 7.40 were also described. The "single point" procedure, a much quicker approach to measure the P50 (Aberman et al., 1975), was scrutinized by comparing with the "whole curve" method. The P50's by the two methods were not significantly different, mean +/- S.D. of the differences being 0.4 +/- 2.5 Torr (n = 126) for the adult blood at pH 7.40, PCO2 40 Torr and 37 degrees C. Similar results were obtained for the adult blood at pH 7.20 and 7.60 and for the cord blood at 7.40. We concluded that the "single point" method was sufficiently accurate and reliable. PMID- 6674657 TI - Properties of caffeine- and potassium-contractures in fatigued frog single twitch muscle fibers. AB - The properties of caffeine contracture and potassium contracture in fatigued single fibers were examined in detail using frog semitendinosus muscle, Rana japonica. Fatigue was caused by repetitive stimulation at 2 Hz. The dose-response curve of caffeine contracture in the fatigued fibers was shifted toward the right; the threshold concentration of caffeine for the contracture in normal fibers was 1.5 mM, whereas that in fatigued fibers was 5 mM. However, in the presence of 25 mM K+ or 0.01% Triton X-100, caffeine contractures occurred sufficiently at the lower concentrations (3-5 mM) even in the fatigued fibers. Furthermore, in the fatigued fibers, the peak tension of the initial component of biphasic potassium contracture with 60 or 80 mM KC1 (C1 constant; 120 mM) was slightly inhibited, whereas the secondary component of the contracture was markedly inhibited. These results indicate that the permeability to caffeine of the transverse tubular membrane (T-membrane) of the fibers and the Ca influx in response to the direct depolarization of T-membrane with K+ are markedly inhibited in the fatigued fibers. PMID- 6674659 TI - Modulation of reflex activity of motor units in response to stretch of a human finger muscle. AB - Changes in stretch reflex responses were examined in two types of motor task, force control and position control, by applying a small quick stretch to the middle finger extensor digitorum communis (EDC) muscle at an unpredicted time and observing activities of single motor units. Subjects were asked to maintain a constant extending isometric force at the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint for force control, and to maintain a constant middle finger position against an applied force for position control. No significant differences in the tonic activities of EDC motor units were seen between the two types of motor task when the same force was exerted about the MP joint. Tonic activities of the EDC muscle and its antagonists were thus similar for both types of motor task. Ten of the eighteen motor units investigated showed obvious reflex responses (increase in firing rate) with latencies of 30-60 msec after the stretch. This reflex response was greater for position control than for force control, given the same operating conditions of tonic force, finger position, and activities of motor units. Enhancement of the stretch reflex for position control was also observed in surface electromyograms of the same muscle. PMID- 6674660 TI - [Stimulus configuration and geometric transformation as determinants in two- and three-dimensional stroboscopic motion]. AB - Geometric transformation theory which claims the correspondence between the stroboscopic motion and the geometric transformation of stimulus-figures in two- or three-dimensional rotation was examined from the viewpoint of stimulus configurational feature theory which stresses the role of parallel lines for three-dimensional stroboscopic rotation. It was found that the two theories were compatible to the extent that the "equality in length" of adjacent parallel elements powerfully contributes to the formation of an axis for three-dimensional rotation. This was true even in the case where there was no three-dimensional rotation in its geometry. The "inequality of length" of parallel lines lost the power to generate three-dimensional stroboscopic rotation but did not affect two dimensional rotation at all. In all cases the angle of rotation in either two dimensional or three-dimensional geometric rotation did not play any role as determinants of the types of stroboscopic rotation. PMID- 6674661 TI - [A new test for hemisphericity: the examination of its validity and reliability]. AB - A new cognitive test for hemispherecity, based on the knowledge of hemispheric functional differences, was developed. In the first experiment, fifty subjects were examined their preferences for either visual-spatial or visual-verbal processing to the stimuli to which both types of processing were available. In the second experiment, ERP (Event Related Potentials) were measured in the two conditions: One, subjects processed the stimuli used in the first experiment as the visual-nonverbal stimuli, the other, subject processed the same stimuli as the visual-verbal stimuli. ERP from the left and the right hemispheres differed between both conditions in the later components. In the third experiment, both groups of subjects who preferred visual-verbal processing and visual-nonverbal processing were asked to report the Hiragana words presented tachistoscopically to the left or the right visual field. The former group of subjects showed a significant right visual field advantage while the latter group of subjects showed no visual field difference. These results confirm that the newly developed test for hemispherecity has appropriate validity and reliability. PMID- 6674662 TI - [Characteristics of contralateral suppression along the vertical meridian]. AB - A hypothesis has been advanced which suggests that the magnitude of suppression in binocular rivalry along the horizontal meridian is stronger at the center of the rivalrous pattern than at its peripheral. It was tested whether this hypothesis can be extended to the vertical meridian. Accuracy in detecting a briefly flashed target superimposed upon the completely suppressed pattern during binocular rivalry was measured at each of two target positions combined with two fixation positions along the vertical meridian (Exp. I). As a control experiment, target-detection performance in monocular observation was examined (Exp. II). The results obtained from one of the two subjects supported this hypothesis, although the effect of position within the rivalrous pattern was less marked than that obtained along the horizontal meridian. The results obtained from the other subject suggested that there was little difference in suppression effect between the center and the upper end of the pattern. These results suggest that the variation in suppression effect within the pattern along the vertical meridian is smaller than that along the horizontal meridian. PMID- 6674663 TI - [Reaction time and eye movements in the recognition task of hand-written Katakana letters: an experimental verification of the discriminant analysis of letter recognition by Hayashi's Quantification]. AB - Hayashi's Quantification, model II, is a multivariate discriminant analysis for qualitative data. This method was applied to the quantitative indices about confusability of recognition of handwritten Japanese Katakana-letters. The experimental results of reaction time and eye movements in the recognition task corresponded well with indices computed by this statistical procedure. (a) The labels, given by the subjects to the letters, were in line with the prediction by the discriminant, (b) the reaction time and the number of fixations were bigger for highly confusable letters, and (c) those features, which were important according to the discriminant, were fixated more frequently. Thus, Hayashi's quantification procedure is valid for psychological experiments. PMID- 6674664 TI - [Effects of fornix lesion on visual evoked responses during sleep and wakefulness in rats]. AB - The effects of fornix lesion on visual evoked responses (VERs) recorded from the occipital cortex (OCX) and the lateral geniculate body (LGB) were examined during wakefulness (W), slow wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) respectively, in freely moving rats (N = 6). In intact animals, amplitudes of VERs changed with sleep-waking stages in a decreasing order of SWS, PS and W. After fornical lesion, mean amplitudes of VERs were significantly enhanced at OCX, but not at LGB. As to OCX, amplitudes of early components of VERs increased during all sleep waking stages, and those of later components increased only during sleep. These results suggest that the fornix system exerts some modulatory (probably inhibitory) influence on OCX in close relations to sleep-waking stages in rats. PMID- 6674666 TI - [The effects of spatial arrangement upon selective letter perception]. AB - Two experiments were conducted in order to test the hypothesis presented by Sonoda, Sato, & Sakuma (1975): Selective letter perception in visual letter displays is influenced not only by the total number of letters presented and the spatial separation between the target letter and its adjacent noise letters, but also by the spatial arrangement of letters. The reaction time of pressing buttons to the target letter was measured as a function of spatial arrangement of letters, where the effects of the total number of letters and the spatial separation were controlled appropriately and the line indicator was strictly the only cue for target selection. It was suggested that the selective letter perception is influenced by the special spatial arrangement of letters which is produced by both the total number of letters and the heterogeneity of letter-to letter separations. PMID- 6674665 TI - [Lightness decrease of the total area accompanying simultaneous lightness contrast]. AB - Matches to the Munsell Lightness Scale were made in the two areas in a contrast inducing pattern whose luminance difference was less than about 10%, and were compared with those of two uniform luminance field of corresponding luminances. The results showed (1) the simultaneous lightness contrast appeared in the contrast-inducing pattern, (2) the high luminance area in the contrast-inducing pattern appeared darker than the uniform luminance field of the same luminance. The lightness decrease in the high luminance area could be explained neither by Bekesy's neural units model nor by Stevens' power transformation model, since Bekesy's model predicts that high luminance area should appear lighter than the corresponding uniform luminance pattern, while Stevens' model expected the identical lightnesses between the two areas. In order to explain both the simultaneous lightness contrast and the lightness decrease, it was introduced a new model which included not only the antagonistic excitation and inhibition depending upon luminance-intensity, but also the non-antagonistic inhibition which is dependent upon the luminance-difference. PMID- 6674667 TI - [Effects of evoking imagery on the control of peripheral skin temperature]. AB - This study aimed to examine the effects of evoking imagery as a strategy to control the skin temperature with the biofeedback method. Subjects were 32 female nursing school students. Pair-matched by their ability to evoke imagery, they were assigned to either the I group that was instructed to evoke warm imagery or the NI group that did not receive such instruction. The experiment was consisted of four sessions: pre-test session, two feedback training sessions, and post-test session. All subjects were instructed to raise their finger skin temperature, and the visual feedback was presented to both groups only during the feedback training sessions. Results obtained were as follows: (a) Both groups were able to raise their skin temperature during the feedback training sessions. (b) In the post-test, however, the number of subjects who were able to raise their skin temperature were greater in the I group than the NI group. These results suggested that the subjects who had acquired a strategy could control their skin temperature more effectively if the feedback was taken off. PMID- 6674668 TI - [A study of the repression-sensitization dimension in the Thematic Apperception Test]. AB - This study examined the differences and characteristics of defense patterns on TAT responses among repressors and sensitizers. Based on the score on Byrne's repression-sensitization scale, 16 repressors and 16 sensitizers were selected from 90 male subjects, and the TAT was administered to them. Results showed that the mean time required to tell a story for each card was shorter for repressors than for sensitizers. Repressors' stories were shorter, monotonous and stereotyped, while sensitizers' were longer and more dramatic. Sensitizers sometimes were unable to construct stories, depending instead on direct verbalizations of anxiety. Content analysis demonstrated that repressors tended to express need as located in the external situation and press as coming from the environment, while sensitizers tended to express press as originative with persons and manifested need to avoid that press. These results suggest that the TAT clearly differentiates between repressors and sensitizers and that the study of defense behavior as it relates to the repression-sensitization dimension requires a multiphasic understanding. PMID- 6674669 TI - Metabolic production and renal disposal of hydrogen ions. PMID- 6674670 TI - Early functional and morphological changes in renal tubular necrosis due to p aminophenol. AB - Functional and morphological changes developed rapidly in rats after the intravenous administration of the organic nephrotoxin p-aminophenol. Proximal intratubular pressure remained close to its mean control value of 14.9 +/- 0.9 mm Hg up to 40 min after injection of the nephrotoxin then rose rapidly over the following 50 min to a maximum of 38.7 +/- 7.4 mm Hg. Distal tubular pressure also rose in the same manner. Renal blood flow remained constant, but GFR fell to 11% of control values while fractional excretion of sodium and water rose 12 and five times, respectively. Morphological changes developed in parallel with the functional changes. They were widespread, varied in intensity from cell to cell, were more severe in the distal third of the proximal convoluted tubule and consisted of cytoplasmic swelling, reduced organelle concentration, reduction or loss of basal infoldings, widening of lateral intercellular spaces, extrusion of bubbles of cell sap into the tubular lumen; brush borders were preserved. No casts were present up to 90 min. Similar results were seen when p-aminophenol was added to the perfusate of the isolated perfused kidney. It is proposed that metabolic and morphological damage leads rapidly to both impairment of proximal tubular sodium reabsorption and increased flow resistance in the cortical collecting system. Both effects contribute to a rise in tubular pressures which oppose glomerular filtration. PMID- 6674671 TI - Ultrafiltration in single isolated human glomeruli. AB - To determine the ultrafiltration properties of human glomeruli, we induced filtration in vitro and estimated the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient, Kf or LpA, and the glomerular capillary hydraulic conductivity, Lp, in single glomeruli from 17 human kidneys retrieved for allotransplantation. Cadaver donors ranged in age from 2 to 46 years. Filtration was induced in individual isolated glomeruli by abruptly lowering the protein concentration of the medium surrounding a glomerulus to produce a transcapillary oncotic gradient. The events which occurred were recorded on videotape for analysis. Kf was calculated from the maximum rate of glomerular swelling during filtration. Initial glomerular diameter for the individuals studied ranged from 146 +/- 2 microns (age, 2 years) to 292 +/- 6 microns (age, 42 years). Kf ranged from 5.1 +/- 0.8 to 30.7 +/- 3.0 nl/min . mm Hg and varied directly with donor age and glomerular size. The glomerular filtering area was estimated from the formula A = 3 pi D2 and from morphometrically measured basement membrane surface density. Lp was calculated from Lp = Kf/A. Lp using A = 3 pi D2 (LpD) averaged 3.7 +/- 0.2 microliter/min . mm Hg . cm2. To compare the hydraulic conductivity of glomeruli from children and adults, Lp was also calculated using the total basement membrane area derived from measured surface density (LpS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674672 TI - Mechanisms of improvement of water and sodium excretion by immersion in decompensated cirrhotic patients. AB - Eight patients with alcoholic liver disease, ascites, and edema were found to have impaired water (36 +/- 6% in 5 hr) and sodium (3.9 +/- 1.1 mEq/5 hr) excretion during a 20 ml/kg water load. These patients were submitted to a 5-hr head-out water immersion (HWI) with hemodynamic monitoring (Swan-Ganz). HWI increased cardiac index (3.3 to 4.2 liters/min/m2), right atrial pressure (RAP, 3.9 to 9.0 mm Hg), and wedge capillary pulmonary pressure (9.8 to 15.4 mm Hg) (all P less than 0.01). HWI decreased plasma renin activity (6.4 to 4.5 ng/ml/hr, P less than 0.001), aldosterone (73 to 43 ng/dl, P less than 0.001), arginine vasopressin (AVP, 1.03 +/- 0.15 to 0.76 +/- 0.08 pg/ml, P less than 0.005), norepinephrine (NE, 584 to 435 pg/ml, P less than 0.001) and increased the percentage of water load excreted (36 to 63%, P less than 0.005) and urinary sodium excretion (3.9 to 9.7 mEq/5 hr, P less than 0.05). The percentage of water load excreted was inversely correlated to AVP levels (r = 0.52, P less than 0.05) and directly correlated to RAP (r = 0.74, P less than 0.05). A significant positive correlation was also found between the increase in fractional excretion of sodium (delta FENa) and the increase in RAP (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001). FENa also correlated inversely with NE levels (r = 0.56, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674673 TI - Acid-base status of awake rats after cannulation of aorta and vena cava. PMID- 6674674 TI - Diagnosis of renal parenchymal diseases by a modified open kidney biopsy technique. AB - A modified open renal biopsy technique was performed under local anesthesia on 129 patients over a 10-year period. This technique yielded sufficient tissue to establish a diagnosis for every patient. The mean number of glomeruli obtained was 54 +/- 3; the mean duration of the operation was 71 +/- 2 min. No deaths resulted and only one major complication developed following this procedure which required additional surgery. Two patients required blood transfusions following surgery and both had a bleeding abnormality. These results demonstrate that the modified open renal biopsy technique is a safe and reliable procedure that should be performed whenever the percutaneous route is either unsuccessful or contraindicated. PMID- 6674676 TI - [Problems of postoperative adhesive pericarditis]. PMID- 6674675 TI - Acquired distal renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 6674677 TI - [Transposition of an anomalous left superior vena cava into the left atrium]. PMID- 6674678 TI - [Cannulation of the internal jugular vein with a venocat in anesthesiologic and resuscitative practice]. PMID- 6674679 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of postoperative pancreatitis]. PMID- 6674680 TI - [Considerations on the feasibility of cholecystoduodenal anastomosis]. PMID- 6674681 TI - [Hyperdiagnosis in inflammatory diseases of the appendix]. PMID- 6674682 TI - [Various problems in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 6674683 TI - [Vesico-intestinal fistula with contribution of 2 cases]. PMID- 6674684 TI - [Significance of experimental surgical procedures in practice using models of viscero-visceral reflexes originating in the gallbladder taking into account viscero-cerebral effects]. PMID- 6674685 TI - [Case of traumatic rupture of the duodenum with postoperative development of stenosis of the common bile duct]. PMID- 6674686 TI - [Expanded hemicolectomy in advanced carcinoma of the large intestine]. PMID- 6674688 TI - [Myxedema--ileus]. PMID- 6674689 TI - [Double aortic arch]. PMID- 6674687 TI - [Case of penetrating multiple organ injury by a stake through the rectum with a peculiar clinical course]. PMID- 6674690 TI - [Tumors of the pancreas with mechanical icterus]. PMID- 6674691 TI - [Surgical procedures in carcinoma of the pancreas and of the duodenal papilla in our clinical material]. PMID- 6674692 TI - [Diagnostic and surgical aspects of malignant tumors of the pancreas]. PMID- 6674693 TI - [Our experience with the surgical treatment of tumors of the pancreas and periampullary region]. PMID- 6674694 TI - [Diagnostic problems in malignant tumors and cysts of the pancreas]. PMID- 6674695 TI - [Surgical tactics in carcinoma of the pancreas]. PMID- 6674696 TI - [Cancer of the pancreas]. PMID- 6674697 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of IgG and IgM class antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus. PMID- 6674698 TI - [General review of splenic abscess (with the exception of amebic and tuberculous)]. PMID- 6674699 TI - [Recent acromioclavicular joint dislocations]. PMID- 6674700 TI - [Infectious jaundice of the newborn infant]. PMID- 6674701 TI - [Echotomography of hydatic cysts of the liver in children (apropos of a series of 42 cases)]. PMID- 6674702 TI - [Therapeutic abortions]. PMID- 6674703 TI - [Pancreas transection by an abdominal contusion in a 12-year-old child]. PMID- 6674704 TI - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with adult onset. Report of 5 cases]. PMID- 6674705 TI - [Analysis of the correlation between a written test and the personal interview in the selection of medical residents]. PMID- 6674706 TI - [Sister chromatid exchange in workers of a chemical industry]. PMID- 6674707 TI - Verapamil effects on retrograde dual A-V conduction. PMID- 6674708 TI - [Shock not associated with hydrosaline depletion in a case of adrenal gland insufficiency of metastatic etiology]. PMID- 6674710 TI - [Skin vasculitis, pulmonary infiltrates and nephropathy in a 55-year-old man]. PMID- 6674709 TI - Corticosteroidogenic tumour of the kidney causing primary aldosteronism with the histologic appearance of a hypernephroma. PMID- 6674711 TI - [Quantitative homeostasis of erythropoiesis]. PMID- 6674712 TI - [Pulmonary artery hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6674713 TI - [Telescoped sediment as an unusual presenting form of multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6674714 TI - [Immunochemical characterization of hydatid fluid]. PMID- 6674715 TI - [The work station at the video terminal: health aspects]. PMID- 6674716 TI - [Environmental and biological determination of N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p phenylendiamine (IPPD) in a rubber vulcanization shop]. PMID- 6674717 TI - [Farmer's lung and pigeon breeder's pneumopathy: description of 2 acute episodes]. PMID- 6674718 TI - [Dimensional limits of respirable asbestos fiber: discussion and proposals]. PMID- 6674719 TI - Effect of environmental contamination of the work place with benzene, toluene and xylene on human lymphocyte-associated immunity. PMID- 6674721 TI - [Carotid echocardiography and spectral analysis--modern detection of carotid lesions]. PMID- 6674720 TI - The importance of infrathermographic examination of the face and lower limbs in the differential-diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon caused by vibration and systemic disease. PMID- 6674722 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the paraventricular nucleus (nucleus paraventricularis) in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)]. PMID- 6674723 TI - [The relation of humoral and cellular immunity and the clinical stage in patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 6674724 TI - [Detection of developmental anomalies of the gallbladder in children using sonotomography]. PMID- 6674725 TI - [Personal experience in the use of Ditamin in the treatment of herpes zoster]. PMID- 6674726 TI - [Therapy of Turner's syndrome with oxandrolone]. PMID- 6674727 TI - [Menarche in secondary school girls in Novi Sad]. PMID- 6674728 TI - [Hydrocephalus congenitus permagnus caused by congenital toxoplasmosis (case report)]. PMID- 6674729 TI - [Coincidental appearance of retrobulbar neuritis, surgery of the paranasal sinuses and the dissemination process]. PMID- 6674731 TI - [Possibilities of the early detection of occupational diseases with an immunologic etiopathogenesis]. PMID- 6674730 TI - [Cerebrovascular malformations in the developmental period]. PMID- 6674732 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in the diagnosis of diseases of the hepatobiliary tract]. PMID- 6674733 TI - [Comparative review of the results of a study of the gallbladder using contrast methods (personal experience)]. PMID- 6674734 TI - [High blood pressure and care of the hypertensive in ambulatory practice]. PMID- 6674735 TI - [A case of mental confusion syndrome caused by Akineton]. PMID- 6674736 TI - A new infusion apparatus for emergency medical care: a technical note. AB - In order to facilitate infusion therapy during rescue and transport of emergency patients a new disposable infusion apparatus has been developed. This device is composed of a specially constructed stactometer and a double rolling clamp and is suitable for both gravitational and pressure infusion. In the latter case, and infusion stand is no longer necessary and the stactometer can be used in any position as well as shaken without danger of air embolism. Clinical tests on over 50 patients have been successful and have confirmed the apparatus' simplicity and safety of use - a major criterion for emergency medical care. PMID- 6674737 TI - The influence of novel platelet aggregation inhibitors on human blood platelet clustering and retention effected by some polymer materials, in vitro. AB - Human blood platelet clustering and retention in vitro induced by medical grade Cuprophane and Silastic and by non-medical grade polyethylene and Mylar, are discussed. The influence of synthetic compounds on polymer-induced platelet clustering and retention has been evaluated, interpreted in terms of physicochemical parameters, and correlated with ADP- and human alpha-trombin stimulated aggregation; the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient for a series of bis (alkylnipecotoylamino) alkanes was computed at r = 0.98 between (i) mylar-induced cluster formation and (ii) ADP-effected aggregation, and at r = 0.94 in corresponding correlations with thrombin as an inducing agent. All experiments were carried out in vitro. Due to the paucity of polymer specimens meeting the stipulated specifications, several evaluations had to be limited to triplicate and duplicate determinations. PMID- 6674738 TI - Long-term intracranial pressure monitoring. AB - Continuous or intermittent measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP) is important in patients at risk for raised ICP. Indications exist for short- and long-term measurements. The various methods used for short-term monitoring are discussed with their relative advantages and disadvantages. For long-term measurements of ICP use of a completely implantable telemetric epidural pressure transducer is indicated. No such device is commercially available. We have developed an inexpensive passive telemetric transducer for this purpose. Results obtained up till now have demonstrated its reliability for measurements of two to three months duration. The life span of the device is limited by degrading of the epoxy utilized for sealing of the titanium pressure sensing part to the radiolucent ceramic cap of the transducer, causing leakage of water into the transducer and false low measurements. Because of these problems new hermetic sealing techniques were tested. Both active metal brazing and glass bonding yielded good results and hermetic sealing could be obtained. The metal to ceramic bonding presented is generally applicable within the design of implants. Besides the technical progress reported, the experience with clinical use in 12 patients is presented. PMID- 6674739 TI - In vitro testing of a new driver for the pneumatic total artificial heart with inherent cardiac output measuring system. AB - Based upon the Utah pneumatic driver, a new model for use in animal experiments was designed. It enabled measurement of cardiac output, optimal percentage of systole as well as diagnosis of some of the causes of the decrease of cardiac output of the pneumatic total artificial heart, such as valvular stenosis due to pannus formation. This driver is based on the expansion of a known amount of 'driving-air' during the systolic period. In the calculation of the cardiac output, the in vitro experiments yielded an error range of +/- 3.5%. The analysis of the driving-air pressure tracing during its decompression (systolic period) gave accurate information about the optimal percentage of systole for each frequency and the inflow and outflow resistances. PMID- 6674740 TI - [On the dental changes during various pediatric diseases]. PMID- 6674741 TI - [Behavior of platelet populations in drepanocytosis and thalasso-drepanocytosis before and after splenectomy]. PMID- 6674742 TI - [Dermatology cases in a pediatric first-aid service]. PMID- 6674743 TI - [Measurement of the fontanelles in full-term neonates]. PMID- 6674745 TI - [Gianotti's disease as a case disclosing intra-familial infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV)]. PMID- 6674744 TI - [Monosomy 18p syndrome with holoprosencephaly]. PMID- 6674746 TI - [Therapy of infections of the urinary tract with sisomycin in a single daily dose]. PMID- 6674747 TI - [Evaluation of the antipyretic effect of imadyl in children's pills and suppositories. Double-blind versus placebo comparison]. PMID- 6674749 TI - [Recurrence and survival in 30 partial resections of bladder neoplasms. Critical review of the cases]. PMID- 6674748 TI - [Neoplasms of the urinary tract: radical or conservative therapy?]. PMID- 6674750 TI - [Continuous peridural analgesia with bupivacaine and morphine in urologic interventions of the pelvic cavity]. PMID- 6674751 TI - [Percutaneous nephrostomy. Indications, technic, results and complications]. PMID- 6674752 TI - [Conservative surgery in the treatment of tumors of the upper urinary tract. Long term results]. PMID- 6674753 TI - [Single-dose tobramycin in the therapy and prevention of urinary infections]. PMID- 6674754 TI - [Use of indomethacin and metamizole administered intravenously in renal colic. Comparative study]. PMID- 6674755 TI - [Piperacillin in the treatment of severe infections of the urogenital system. Our experience]. PMID- 6674756 TI - [Sigmoid-vesical fistula caused by a foreign body]. PMID- 6674757 TI - [Calculosis in ureterocele. Description of 2 cases]. PMID- 6674758 TI - Estrogen pellet therapy after hysterectomy. A clinical review. PMID- 6674759 TI - Carotid endarterectomy using local anesthesia. PMID- 6674760 TI - Postpartum perineal necrotizing fasciitis. Case reports and a review. PMID- 6674761 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). PMID- 6674762 TI - [Renal function after non-blood priming extracorporeal circulation]. AB - Non-blood priming extracorporeal circulation (ECC) in open heart surgery was studied to evaluate its effect on kidney, and was compared with blood-priming ECC. Non-blood priming ECC was performed in 49 cases, and blood-priming ECC was performed in 25 cases. Serum creatinine creatinine clearance, BUN, UUN/BUN and urinary Na/K ratio were measured. Perfusion flow, total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR) and cardiac index after ECC were measured to know if there is a significant difference between the two groups. The following results were obtained: There were no significant differences between the two groups as to the perfusion flow, TPR during ECC and cardiac index after ECC. Using non-blood priming ECC was found to be the safer method from the point of preserving the renal function. When compared with blood priming ECC, the non-blood priming ECC was found to be more beneficial for the renal function. Renal failure was observed in 3 pediatric cases using blood priming ECC and 1 adult case using non blood priming ECC. Low cardiac output syndrome or heart failure were thought to be causes of the renal failure in these 4 patients. PMID- 6674763 TI - [Experimental studies on the selective profound hypothermia of the abdominal viscera by descending aorta and inferior caval vein occlusion]. AB - In the present study, an effort was made to establish the procedure for 60 minutes selective profound hypothermia below 20 degrees C of the abdominal viscera. In 6 mongrel dogs, hemodynamic changes were investigated during 60 minutes normothermic vascular exclusion of the abdominal viscera by occluding the aorta and inferior caval vein just above the diaphragm. Hemodynamic state just after the combined occlusion of these vessels was stable, but 60 minutes occlusion was followed by hypoperfusion of the cranial half of the body. In 15 mongrel dogs, the 60 minutes selective profound hypothermia below 20 degrees C of the abdominal viscera was performed after occluding these vessels with an aid of extracorporeal circuit. Pooled blood in the splanchnic region during hypothermia was warmed and drained to jugular vein to maintain the hemodynamic state in the cranial half of the body. Twelve of 15 dogs survived 2 weeks after the procedure with minimal hepatic damage. In 7 mongrel dogs, blood coagulation system was investigated. Decrease of platelet, fibrinogen, plasminogen, anti-thrombin III, prothrombin and cold insoluble globulin concentration, elongation of prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time, and elevation of FDP occurred during and after the selective profound hypothermia. But these changes were self limiting and recovered soon after heparin neutralization. In 9 mongrel dogs, extended pancreatectomy with splenectomy and combined resection of portal vein using selective profound hypothermia was performed. Bleeding and splanchnic congestion during extended pancreatectomy was minimum. Five of 9 dogs survived 2 weeks with slight hepatic and renal damage. PMID- 6674765 TI - [Studies on diagnosis of pancreas head region cancer using echotomography]. AB - On 67 cases of pancreas head region cancer with its definite diagnosis confirmed by laparotomy, studies were made of their ultrasonograms and of their urtrasonic tissue characterization obtained from the ultrasonography of the resected specimens immersed in water in 17 of 29 cases resected. The following results have been obtained. Ultrasonogram of pancreas head region cancer has the following characteristics. Direct findings: i) abnormal internal echo level of tumor images, ii) irregular images of tumor margin, iii) irregular internal echo of tumor images, iv) localized enlargement of the pancreas, v) altenuation or disappearance of back echo of tumor images. Indirect findings: i) dilated common bile duct ii) enlarged gallbladder, iii) dilated intrahepatic bile duct, iv) dilated pancreatic duct, v) abnormal deformation of vascular images surrounding the pancreas. Resected cases had less scanty ultrasonographic findings than non resected cases. The detection of pancreas head region cancer by ultrasound was possible in 43 cases (64.2%). Differential diagnosis of pancreas head region cancer by ultrasound may be possible to a certain extent. Internal echo level of tumor images had a close relation with tissue-type, interstitial connective tissue hyperplasia and the cut surface structure of the resected specimens. PMID- 6674764 TI - [Artificial liver support system: removal of bilirubin and bile acids by hemoperfusion with ionex-column]. AB - Removal of toxic substances from the circulating blood of patients with severe hepatic failures may be life-saving, however, the substances should be clarified. IONEX is a new resin specially designed to adsorb bilirubin in the blood. The adsorption of bilirubin from the blood to IONEX was 2 to 3 times than that to the activated charcoal beads in vitro. Direct hemoperfusion with IONEX column was performed using 6 jaundiced dogs. Removal rate of bilirubin after 90 minutes direct hemoperfusion ranged from 49% (IONEX 70 gm) maximum to 9% (IONEX 24.1 gm) minimum. It has been found that the removal of bilirubin is disturbed by thrombus formation on the IONEX fibers. To prevent the platelet loss and aggregate formation during hemoperfusion with IOENX, Prostaglandin (PGE1 or PGI2) was administered continuously into the arterial line of the extracorporeal circulation using IONEX column during 90 min. direct hemoperfusion. Thrombus formation in the IONEX column was little observed and the platelet losses were also not observed. The average removal rate of bilirubin from the blood of the jaundiced dogs was as much as 40% (IONEX 70 gm) and that of bile acid was 61% in mean value. Using PGI2, slight hypotension could not be avoided in dog. In 7 patients with severe jaundice, direct hemoperfusion was performed. Mean removal rate of bilirubin and bile acids from the blood of these patients was 21% and 31.2% respectively after 60 to 90 minutes direct hemoperfusion with activated charcoal and IONEX. PMID- 6674766 TI - [Hormone secreting ability in patients with parathyroid autograft]. AB - In order to elucidate the function of parathyroid autograft, we determined the plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the blood from cubital veins in two patients who had parathyroid autotransplantation after total parathyroidectomy. The first patient with chronic renal failure had been treated by hemodialysis for the past nine years and showed marked symptoms due to secondary hyperparathyroidism for five years. The second patient showed an evidence of recurrence of parathyroid cancer three years after the initial operation carried out elsewhere. The parathyroid tissue of 80 mg was sliced into 25 pieces and transplanted into separate pockets in one of the brachioradial muscles of the forearm. These patients showed an increase in plasma PTH levels two weeks after surgery. Plasma calcium level returned to the normal range three months after operation. Artificial hypocalcemia was induced by an injection of porcine calcitonin at ten months after surgery and a reserve of PTH secretion was tested. An increase of plasma C-PTH and N-PTH levels were recognized in the two patients as well as in the normal healthy volunteers. It was shown that parathyroid autograft has sufficient function to maintain normocalcemia and a reserve of function to respond against an artificially induced hypocalcemia at the tenth month after autografting. PMID- 6674767 TI - [Clinico-pathological study of giant cell carcinoma of the lung]. AB - Giant cell carcinoma of the lung is not so commonly found compared to other types of lung carcinoma. Six cases of giant cell carcinoma were experienced in our hospital for these 15 years. Five cases were resected, in 3 of these combined partial resection of surrounding thoracic organs (chest wall, pericardium and other pulmonary lobe) was performed. The mean age of these patients was 56. Most of these tumors were located at the peripheral zone including of intermediate zone in the lung and foci of adenocarcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma were found in 3 cases. We thought the tissue origin of pulmonary giant cell carcinoma might be in the area of bronchial or bronchiloar epithelium. All cases died within a year. Because of its very poor prognosis we would like to emphasize giant cell carcinoma should be distinguished clinically from the usual type of large cell anaplastic carcinoma or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6674768 TI - [A new direct solubilizer for bilirubinate calcium stones]. AB - Hepatobiliary surgeons must have faced difficulty in treating patients with intrahepatic gallstones. In spite of considerable progress in operative methods or mechanical techniques, it is very difficult to remove intrahepatic gallstones completely. Under such circumstances, the development of a solubilizer that can dissolve intrahepatic bilirubinate calcium stones by means of injecting it through a postoperative catheter or PTCD catheter has been awaited. Up to now, a chelating agent, so-called hexametaphosphate (HMP) has been used for removing the calcium from calcium bilirubinate. But this chelating agent, in itself, cannot dissolve the bilirubin. The authors found a direct solubilizer for bilirubin, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) which is a well known bi-polar non protonic solvent and used as an accelerator for bilirubin determination. After the purification of DMSO to 99.98%, toxicity was examined by oral administration, intravenous administration and infusion into biliary tract. But no remarkable toxicity or side effects were detected on biochemical and pathological examinations. Clinical application of 90% DMSO together with 5% HMP was performed and a satisfactory effect was obtained as a direct solubilizer for bilirubinate calcium stones. PMID- 6674769 TI - [Mucosal hyperplasia of the ileum after subtotal colectomy in rats]. AB - To evaluate factors contributing to ileal mucosal hyperplasia following extensive colectomy, the following three models were designed in rats: Subtotal colectomy and end-to-end ileoproctostomy; retransection of the terminal ileum with end-to side proximal-ileoproctostomy (colectomy group), End-to-side ileoproctostomy without colectomy (bypass group), and End-to-side ileocecostomy (control group). In all groups the terminal ileum was left out of the intestinal stream as defunctionalized segments. Specimens were obtained from the terminal ileum during operation and from both the functioning and the defunctionalized segments at various intervals postoperatively. The mucosal hyperplasia was evaluated by measuring eight variables including numbers of villi around the bowel circumference, villous height, crypt depth, total mucosal thickness, epithelial cell counts per villus, DNA contents per unit length of the bowel and radioactivity of incorporated 3H-thymidine as well as DNA specific activity. The results showed that marked mucosal hyperplasia of the functioning segments was noted in all groups, and that mucosal hyperplasia was also observed in defunctionalized segments of colectomized rats, but not in those of both bypass rats and control. These findings were statistically confirmed by analysis of variance. It was concluded that although intraluminal factors played an important role in mucosal hyperplasia of the ileum following extensive colectomy, humoral factors might be also involved in intestinal adaptation. PMID- 6674770 TI - [Carcinoma of the esophagus engrafted on corrosive stricture of the esophagus]. AB - A highly significant incidence of esophageal cancer engrafted on corrosive stricture of the esophagus has been statistically evaluated. So far, only 8 cases in Japan and over 100 cases in foreign literatures have been reported. In 1976, we reported the first case of carcinoma of the esophagus associated with corrosive stricture of the esophagus in Japan. Our second case operated in 1975 was pathologically confirmed to be adenosquamous carcinoma of the esophagus which has never been reported in the literatures. In this paper surgical and pathological problems of the carcinoma of the esophagus associated with corrosive stricture of the esophagus were discussed adding to the analysis of 8 reported cases in Japan. PMID- 6674771 TI - [A case of perforation of the small intestine in Crohn's disease]. AB - Perforation of the small intestine occurs rarely in the course of Crohn's disease. A case of perforation of the ileum affected by Crohn's disease was presented. A 92-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital complaining of sudden onset of abdominal pain. Laparotomy revealed peritonitis and two perforations in the diseased ileum. She underwent resection of 60 cm of terminal ileum, ileocecum and adjacent 5 cm of ascending colon with an end-to-end ileocolic anastomosis. The intestinal wall of 40 cm of terminal ileum was thickened and edematous. The bowel lumen was narrow. Several longitudinal ulcers were seen. Histological examination of the resected specimen revealed the perforation in Crohn's disease. The intestinal wall was thickened. The mucosal surface was ulcerated and focally perforated. Ulcerated base was covered by abundant necrotizing mass. The submucosa was replaced by non-caseous inflammatory granuloma comprising with fibroblasts, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Perforated area showed abscess formation with plentiful granulocytes. She died of pneumonia 10 days after operation. PMID- 6674772 TI - [Antitumor immunity in the relatively early period after cryosurgery. Experimental study using rat's metastasizing mammary tumor]. AB - Six-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were inoculated with a mammary tumor, MRMT-1. At 2 weeks after inoculation, one of the following 4 treatments was done: surgical tumor excision (SE), cryosurgery (CR), surgical excision plus re inoculation of freezing-thawing-produced vaccine (FT), and surgical excision plus fasting for 72 hours (FA). In FT and FA groups, incidence of metastatic death were higher than in SE group, while that in CR group was similar as in SE group. Specific footpad reactivity at 2 and 3 weeks after treatment was lower in CR than in SE group. Winn's neutralization assay revealed that antitumor activity of spleen cells at 1 and 3 week(s) after treatment was lower in CR than in SE groups. In vivo observation on effect of inactivated serum at 1 week after treatment showed tumor enhancement in SE group and tumor inhibition in CR group. In conclusion, the observed mild reduction in antitumor immunity in the relatively early period after cryosurgery might not be due to blocking action of superfluous tumor antigens, but probably due to activation of suppressor cells consequent on cryosurgical stress or on slow absorption of tumor antigens. PMID- 6674773 TI - [Clinical and pathophysiological study of myocardial contusion]. AB - Myocardial contusion was observed in 25 patients (7.5%) out of 333 blunt chest trauma victims. As the cause of injury, 19 patients (76%) were due to traffic accident and 12 out of 19 patients had steering wheel injuries. There were a total of 72 associated thoracic injuries, and this means 2.9 injuries for each patient. As ECG abnormalities, sinus tachycardia on admission and ST, T change in time course were mostly found in this series. Chest X-ray findings revealed the maximum value (55.2 +/- 1.3%) of CTR (cardio-thoracic ratio) on the 2nd-4th hospital days, followed the decreasing tendency. CPK-MB showed its peak on the 1st-3rd hospital days, and was nearly normalized on the 5th hospital day. There were 10 expired cases, and the mortality was 40%. Cardiac death due to cardiac tamponade or cardiogenic shock was observed in 4 cases. Ventricular function study showed 2 right ventricular dysfunction. 1 left ventricular dysfunction, and 4 biventricular dysfunction, and showed extremely poor prognosis in the biventricular dysfunction group. The cases of myocardial contusion were classified into the following 3 types by the clinical findings. Type I: ECG abnormality type 13 cases; Type II: Cardiac tamponade type 7 cases; Type III: Cardiogenic shock type 6 cases. I conclude that measuring the ventricular function is useful for the evaluation of the severity and prognosis of myocardial contusion if the blunt chest trauma victim is in shock state. PMID- 6674774 TI - [The effect of cysteamine on the duodenal defense mechanism in the vagotomized rats--with special reference to the parietal cell vagotomy with CO2-laser]. AB - The parietal cell vagotomy with CO2-Laser defocused beam has been developed and its efficacy was confirmed in cysteamine induced duodenal ulcer in rat. Rats were classified into the truncal, parietal cell and Laser vagotomy groups and control. After cysteamine was administered, the change of the Brunner's gland were examined histologically for each group. Duodenal ulcer was seen and the depletion of the Brunner's glands was observed in all control rats. Duodenal ulcer formation was prevented in all vagotomized rats regardless of the type of vagotomy and the preservation of synthetic activity of the Brunner's gland was noted. However, multiple gastric ulcer was seen in truncal vagotomy group. Laser vagotomy was done very easily and safely. It consumed much less time and prevented duodenal ulcer formation. It prevented the cysteamine induced duodenal ulcer formation in rats by preservation of the Brunner's gland activity. PMID- 6674775 TI - [Mechanism of the bile duct dilatation in congenital dilatation of the common bile duct]. AB - Radiographic studies including operative cholangiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography were performed in 44 patients with congenital dilatation of the common bile duct. The relation between the maximum transverse diameter of the common bile duct (CBD) as an indicator of the degree of dilatation and various possible factors causing dilatation of CBD was studied. Among these factors, the length of the narrow segment (X) was closely related with the maximum transverse diameter (Y). The relation of these two was expressed by a simple equation; log Y = 0.068X + 1.06 (r = 0.934, p less than 0.001, n = 19) Dilatation of CBD has been successfully produced by narrowing the ductal lumen with a small plastic tube encirculating the distal common bile duct in dogs. Experimental dilatation was quite similar with congenital dilatation. In addition, the relation between the maximum transverse diameter (Y') and the length of the narrow segment (X') was also expressed in the following simple equation; log Y' = 0.060X' + 0.88 (r = 0.972, p less than 0.001, n = 18) The present studies did not support the hypothesis that abnormal junction of the pancreatico-biliary system might be the primary cause of congenital dilatation of CBD. They suggest that the stenosis of the distal CBD in the fetal life may determine dilatation of CBD. PMID- 6674776 TI - [Clinicopathological studies on carcinoma of Vater's ampulla]. AB - Clinicopathological studies were carried out in fifty nine surgical cases of carcinoma of Vater's ampulla. In the point of view of the developmental process of the carcinoma, they were divided into the following two types; tumor-forming type and ulcerative type. No significant difference in survival time was noticed between two types. In the ulcerative type, prognosis was much better in the cases of carcinoma with small ulcer than those of carcinoma with large ulcer. The "early cancer" in which carcinoma did not extend beyond the sphincter of Oddi showed better prognosis than the "advanced cancer" in which carcinoma infiltrated into the pancreas. There were 10% of vascular permeation and 20% of metastasis into lymph nodes in the "early cancer", while there were 92% of vascular permeation and 71% of metastasis into lymph nodes in the "advanced cancer". Although high incidence of positive tissue-CEA (28 out of 34 cases, 82.4%) was observed, 9 out of 19 cases (47.4%) showed slight increase of serum-CEA level. The diagnostic value of serum-CEA seemed to be relatively low in carcinoma of Vater's ampulla. PMID- 6674777 TI - [A successfully operated case of atrial septal defect with pheochromocytoma]. AB - A 16 year-old male, who had marked hypertension and complained of palpitation, hyperhidrosis, headache and weight-loss, was diagnosed as atrial septal defect with pheochromocytoma. The first operation was performed for tumor on September 3, 1981. The hemodynamic change was recorded through the operation. The total systemic peripheral resistance and the total pulmonary resistance were improved after surgery. The systemic and pulmonary blood pressure were also decreased to normal level after surgery, although pulmonary arterial flow was increased. On one hundred and third day after this operation, radical correction for the cardiac malformation was performed. Operative and postoperative course were uneventful and the patient is free from all untoward complaints at this moment. Blood or urine catecholamine levels have also improved and are within normal limits. PMID- 6674778 TI - [Studies on metabolism of fat emulsion in endotoxemic dogs]. AB - Changes of fat metabolism in endotoxemic dogs were studied by means of intravenous fat tolerance test. Twelve dogs subjected to the present studies were divided into two groups; peritonitis was produced in one group (6 dogs) and 1.5 mg/kg of E. coli lipopolysaccharide was injected intravenously in another groups (6 dogs). After production of peritonitis, Limulus test was positive in all of the six dogs, however there were no significant changes in blood sugar levels, lactate/pyruvate ratio, and elimination rate of fat emulsion from the venous blood (K-value) after the induction of endotoxemia by peritonitis. On the other hand, a significant fall of the blood sugar levels and an increase of lactate/pyruvate ratio were found after the injection of endotoxin. A significant fall of K-value (from 0.0133 +/- 0.0056 to 0.0069 to 0.0024) was also observed in these six dogs. Results of the present studies suggest that the metabolism of fat emulsion is significantly affected by the intravenous injection of endotoxin, but not by the production of peritonitis if there is no disturbance of tissue perfusion. PMID- 6674780 TI - [Intraoperative dual-mode independent lung ventilation for open-chest surgery: conventional volume-set ventilation in healthy lung and high frequency jet ventilation in diseased lung]. AB - An effort by the anesthesiologist to maintain adequate ventilation during thoracic surgery is sometimes disturbing for the operative procedures of the surgeon. Unilateral ventilation with a large tidal volume, leaving the operative site unventilated, may provide an adequate and quiet operative field, but is opposed by the problem of disturbance in pulmonary gas exchange. The application of high frequency jet ventilation has recently been introduced to solve these problems. However, the disadvantage inherent to this technique is the tendency to produce carbon dioxide retention although it provides adequate oxygenation. In the present study, using a double lumen endobronchial tube, the large-tidal volume ventilation of the non-operative site and the high frequency jet ventilation with small tidal volume of the operative site were performed simultaneously. This technique provided the satisfactory condition of operative field, i.e., "quiet lung". Also, the serial gas analysis of the arterial and mixed venous blood samples indicated the satisfactory condition of pulmonary gas exchange. PMID- 6674779 TI - [Effects of extracorporeally induced systemic hyperthermia on cell-mediated immunity]. AB - We have studied the effects of extracorporeally induced systemic hyperthermia on cell-mediated immunity in 12 patients. Also, the effect of heating and anti cancer drugs on ADCC activity 3 Plaque forming method and 51Cr release method) and NK activity (51Cr release method. target: K-562 cells) of normal human lymphocytes was studied in vitro. The following results were obtained: Lymphocytes, T-cells and IgGFcR+ T-cells counts slightly decreased during the hyperthermotherapy in patients. During initiation of the hyperthermotherapy (Rectal temp. 41.6-41.8 degrees), ADCC activity, PHA, and Con-A induced lymphocyte blastogenesis were slightly depressed, while NK activity was slightly enhanced. At the end of the hyperthermia, ADCC activity, lymphocyte blastogenesis and NK activity were extremely depressed. In vitro, 1 hour of heating at more than 40 degrees C extremely depressed ADCC activity. By heating at 42 degrees C, ADCC activity was depressed depending on heating time, while NK activity was slightly enhanced for the first 10 minutes and then depressed depending on heating time. The administration of anti-cancer drugs (MMC, 5-FU, ADM) did not affect NK activity at all during the heating at 42 degrees C. From these results, it is highly suggested that immunopotentiators should be used during extracorporeally induced systemic hyperthermia in order to make up for the depressed cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6674781 TI - [Possible substances which block the rosette formation of peripheral lymphocyte Fc receptor to sensitized corpuscle (EA) in the serum of patients with gastric and colon cancer]. AB - Possible substances which block the rosette formation of peripheral lymphocyte Fc receptor to sensitized corpuscle (EA) was discovered in the serum from patients with cancer of the digestive system, and was designated as EA rosette formation inhibitor (EAI). The immunological and clinical significance of EAI was studied. Considering the activity of EAI being correlated with serum CH50 or immune complex level measured by "Raji cell method", the activity of EAI is mainly attributed to blood immune complexes. In addition, concentration of EAI was not correlated with non-specific cellular immunity. However, in the patients with high serum EAI level, the rate of peripheral lymphocytic transformation stimulated with PHA tend to be lower, but that with Con A tend to be higher. These observation suggested that suppressor T cell was activated by binding with immune complex. Serum EAI level was studied in patients with 74 gastric cancer and 70 with colon cancer before and after treatment. The results obtained revealed that EAI was frequently detected in pretreatment cases and it was decreased after operation or immunochemotherapy. Ultimately, EAI could be one of the specific parameter for diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients from immunological aspects. PMID- 6674782 TI - [Postprandial plasma secretin concentration and luminal pH in patients with gastrectomy]. AB - The plasma secretin concentration in response to a meat meal and luminal pH were investigated in patients with gastrectomy: total gastrectomy with Roux-Y anastomosis or interposed jejunal anastomosis and partial gastrectomy with Billroth I or Billroth II anastomosis. The fasting plasma secretin concentration was significantly elevated in relation to the decreases of duodenal pH in postprandial state in normal subjects. No significant response of the plasma secretin and jejunal pH were observed in patients with total gastrectomy with Roux-Y anastomosis, however total gastrectomized patients with jejunal interposition showed the peak plasma secretin response in postprandial state. In patients with Billroth I the postprandial plasma secretin concentrations were well responded when the duodenal pH was below 4.5, however it was less than that of normal subjects. In patients with Billroth II the response of plasma secretin was much less than that of Billroth I, even though the decrease of jejunal pH was as comparable as in Billroth I. These studies suggest that a Billroth I operation after subtotal gastrectomy and interposed jejunal anastomosis after total gastrectomy are better procedures than the Billroth II or Roux-Y anastomoses to obtain endogenous secretin release. PMID- 6674783 TI - [Pathogenesis and prevention of the revascularization syndrome]. AB - Revascularization syndrome is one of the dangerous postoperative complications which results sometimes in loss of a limb, renal shutdown and death due to myoglobin-nephrosis and hyperkalemia. During the past 3 years, 2 cases of revascularization syndrome were experienced in 16 cases of thrombo-embolectomies for acute peripheral arterial occlusion. One patient died from hyperkalemia 100 minutes after revascularization. Another patient suffered from a renal shutdown, and was treated with hemodialysis and thigh amputation. It is sometimes very difficult to predict whether the revascularization syndrome will occur or not. When revascularization is performed within 12 hours after an onset of acute occlusion and when the amount of ischemic muscle is not large, the syndrome may not occur. When the time-interval between the onset of ischemia and revascularization is longer than 24 hours and when the mass of ischemic muscle is large, the syndrome will occur. Preoperative serum creatinine and urea nitrogen level are important parameters predicting the prognosis. PMID- 6674784 TI - [Isolated aneurysm of the external iliac artery caused by non-specific angiitis]. AB - Isolated aneurysm of the iliac artery is considered to be a rare disorder, although iliac aneurysm associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm is more common. Its clinical diagnosis is difficult, because symptoms are absent if an aneurysm is small, and because symptoms often mimic urogenital, neurological or gastrointestinal diseases if an aneurysm grows large without rupture. We reported a 40-year-old woman with isolated aneurysm of the left external iliac artery caused by giant cell arteritis, and surgically treated with success. PMID- 6674785 TI - [Experimental study on acute gastric ulceration in rat--including influence of obstructive jaundice and vagotomy]. AB - Prognostic indicator for acute gastric ulceration was experimentally investigated using water immersed and restrained rats, with special interest in influence of obstructive jaundice and effect of vagotomy. The results obtained are as follows: Intragastric pH and gastric mucosal potential difference (PD) faithfully reflected the ulcer index. This shows that continuous monitoring of these two parameters may be of clinical use as indicator for acute gastric ulceration in critically ill or postoperative patients. Water immersing and restraint stress ulcer may be caused by imbalance between gastric offensive and defensive factors as a result of progressively increasing gastric secretion and progressively deteriorating gastric mucosal barrier. Gastric ulceration was enhanced in rats with obstructive jaundice, probably because of compromised defensive factor. Prophylaxis of acute gastric ulceration with or without obstructive jaundice may not be attained by vagotomy alone; an adequate maintenance of defensive factor seems to be also necessary. PMID- 6674786 TI - [Multiple regression equation evaluating the resectability for liver tumors]. AB - In order to avoid postoperative liver failure after resection of the liver associated with chronic injury, an accurate evaluation of resectability should be established based on available preoperative factors. This paper reports our multiple regression analysis of the correlation between the prognosis (Y) after hepatectomy and the seventeen sorts of preoperative factors (X) to obtain a multiple regression equation predicting the prognosis. The analysis was employed on 36 patients who underwent hepatectomy of varying extent. The prognosis (Y) was represented in our scoring system (0-100 point) determined by the degree of postoperative liver failure. As a result, the following multiple regression equation, consisting of four prognostic factors, was derived. Y = -110 + 0.942X1 + 1.36 X2 + 1.17 X X3 + 5.94 X X4 (X1 = resection rate of the liver tissue calculated by C.T. Scan, X2 = retention rate of ICG (15)%, X3 = age, X4 = maximal removal rate of ICG (mg/kg/min). The Y-score of 36 patients computed by this equation revealed that: Y-scores of the 8 patients with fatal liver failure had wholly more than fifty points, and Y-scores of the remaining 28 patients with a favourable course had less than fifty points. The validity of this equation was ascertained through the predetermined Y-score, in which critical point is set about fifty points or more, for other 49 patients. By this equation, accurate evaluation of resectability for liver tumors has been made possible. PMID- 6674787 TI - [Massive hepatic resection for metastatic cancer associated with Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Report of a case]. AB - Massive hepatic resection was carried out on a 42 year-old female who had metastatic lesions of the colonic cancer in right lobe of the liver, which was accompanied by Dubin-Johnson syndrome. The following observations were made. Patient with Dubin-Johnson syndrome tolerated major hepatectomy. As for postoperative regeneration of the liver, there was no difference in comparison with the normal liver. Dubin-Johnson pigments in the hepatocytes decreased in proportion to hepatic regeneration for two months after hepatectomy. Therefore, it might be concluded that Dubin-Johnson syndrome is not poor risk factor for major surgery and massive hepatic resection. PMID- 6674788 TI - [The blood flow in the peripheral arterial occlusive disease--investigation by 133Xe clearance method]. AB - The blood flow in the lower extremities was investigated before and after surgery on patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease by 133Xe clearance method in order to evaluate results of sympathectomy and reconstructive arterial surgery. Sixty-four patients, 54 with arteriosclerosis obliterans, 7 with thromboangiitis obliterans and 3 with Raynaud's disease were divided in two groups. Skin blood flow was measured in one group and muscle blood flow in another one. Flow was measured at rest in the former, while at rest, during and after exercise in the latter. The following results were obtained. The preoperative clearance was correlated with severity of the disease. Skin blood flow increased after sympathectomy more than reconstructive arterial surgery. Muscle blood flow before and after reconstructive surgery increased adequately at rest and under reactive hyperemia. The 133Xe clearance method is a simple and reliable test for evaluation of the blood flow in the extremities. PMID- 6674789 TI - [Metabolic study on acute arterial occlusion of the extremities]. AB - Some experimental and clinical studies were done from the metabolic viewpoint to elucidate the characteristics of myonephropathic-metabolic syndrome. In experimental dogs with their femoral arteries ligated and two third of femoral muscles divided, aldolase and myoglobin showed remarkable increase without significant changes in electrolytes. Slight increase of GPT and GOT was observed. Amino acids showed elevation in urea, taurin, leucin, isoleucin, valine, threonine, 3-methylhistidine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine, methionine, tyrosine and anserin and decrease in glutamine, alanine, glycine, proline, carnosine, citrullin and arginine. In patients with acute arterial occlusion, potassium, GOT, LDH, CPK, lactate and pyruvate increased moderately and myoglobin showed remarkable increase and aldolase slight increase. Amino acids showed remarkable increase in 3-methylhistidine and beta-amino-isobutyric acid and moderate increase in phenylalanine and arginine. These results revealed that measurement of free amino acid concentration, especially that of methylhistidine as well as myoglobin, pyruvate, lactate and some other enzymes might be of great help to predict the prognosis of patients with acute arterial occlusion of the extremities. PMID- 6674790 TI - [Postoperative respiratory care and prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications by use of percutaneous intratracheal catheter]. AB - A method of percutaneous intratracheal catheter (PITC) was studied for postoperative respiratory care and prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications. The oxygen was insufflated through the catheter persistently at 2 4 liters per minute. Successful results were obtained in 20 patients who were in poor pulmonary risk such as older age, major operation and pre-existing pulmonary insufficiency, revealing more effectiveness in oxygenation rather than other devices of oxygen supply. An experimental study was performed to evaluate its efficacy using dogs with respiratory impairment, which were designed by removal of 6 ribs of 5 cm in each from the left thoracic wall and bilateral division of phrenic nerves. The animals were maintained under the condition of spontaneous respiration with air-insufflation through the PITC. The following results were obtained. End-expiratory pressure (0.22 cm H2(0)/1 min) increased. Functional reserve capacity increased. Alveolar ventilation increased. Dead space to tidal volume ratio decreased. PaO2 and PaCO2 improved to the normal range. The immediate postoperative use of this method has been found most satisfactory in respiratory care and elimination of postoperative pulmonary complications. PMID- 6674791 TI - [Immunological effect of splenectomy in tumor-bearing rat]. AB - Immunologic merit and demerit of splenectomy were studied, using experimental model in rat. ANIMALS: SD rat. Tumor: Metastasizing Rat's Mammary Tumor No. 1 (MRMT-1) originally induced by 3-MC administration to SD rat. Experimental study: Splenectomy was done on day before and after subcutaneous inoculation of 200mg of MRMT-1 at the back of 4 week-old female SD rats. Tumor growth following splenectomy and immunological competency of rat's peripheral lymphocytes, spleen cells and thymus cells was investigated and following results were obtained. When splenectomy was done pre-operatively or on the 2nd or 14th day after tumor inoculation, subsequent tumor growth was inhibited, however, when it was done on the 7th day after the inoculation, tumor enhancement and shortening of survival period were observed. When it was done on the 21st day, tumor growth was almost the same as in the rats without splenectomy. The results of cpm values and SI ratio of PHA-induced blastogenesis, and NK-activity indicated that immunological competency of spleen cells of tumor bearers was reduced during the early tumor bearing period and the late tumor bearing period, while it was increased in the middle tumor bearing period. Tumor growth following splenectomy was considered to be controlled by immunological competency of spleen cells. Thus, it may not be unreasonable that tumor growth is inhibited on some occasions and it is facilitated on other occasions after splenectomy. PMID- 6674792 TI - [Immunotherapy of postoperative cancer patients with immune RNA-sensitized lymphocytes and tumor antigen]. AB - Tumor cell suspension was prepared from resected tumor tissue of various cancer patients. 1-RNA was extracted from lymphoid tissues of rabbits immunized with each tumor cells and CFA. When the postoperative condition of patient recovered stable, autologous lymphocytes were prepared with blood cell separator (IBM 2997 type) and incubated with I-RNA, then, return to himself. Total number of sensitized lymphocytes was 4 X 10(9) - 1.2 X 10(10). After this passive immunization was finished, active immunization with autologous 3M KCl tumor extract was added. Three of gastrointestinal cancer, 3 of lung cancer, 2 of miscellaneous malignant tumor were treated with this schedule. T-cell ratio, blastogenesis of T-cell with PHA, skin reaction with PPD and PHA, CEA, IAP and Ig in serum was not definitely changed before and after the immunotherapy. But 3 of them, LAI AND LMI became to positive after the treatment and NK cell activity also increased in 3 cases. In these 3 cases, tumor regression was recognized after the treatment. In a case of synovial sarcoma, skin reaction for autologous tumor antigen became to positive and the metastatic lesion in the lung was gradually regressed and regression is still continuing 6 months after the treatment (reduction ratio 90%). PMID- 6674793 TI - [Post-operative suppression of natural killer activity]. AB - The effects of anesthesia and surgical procedures on natural killer (NK) cell activity were studied. The data indicated that splenic lymphocytes taken from mice 1 to 5 days after surgery showed significantly diminished activity of natural killing. When splenic lymphocytes were treated by anti-Thy 1 antibody and complement, NK activity to Lewis lung carcinoma cells was remarkably depressed in normal mice, but was not depressed in laparotomized mice. Peripheral lymphocytes from cancer patients following major surgery also showed depressed NK activity. The suppression was first detected during the operation. In patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery, the suppression was at its maximum during first three days and decreased to control levels by the day 7 to 14. Following major thoracic surgery, the suppression continued more longer. PMID- 6674794 TI - [Experimental study on the optimal potassium concentration in the cardioplegic solution]. AB - There is a lot of controversy about potassium cardioplegic solution in its components and its method of perfusion. Although its effect emphasized in many reports, the optimal potassium level is still in question. In order to determine the optimal level of potassium, the isolated rat hearts were preserved in relatively bad conditions; such as 37 degrees C of infusates, non-oxygenation and continuous perfusion. The hypothermic effect on its optimal level was also studied by just reducing the temperature of the infusates to 4 degrees C. Thirty isolated rat hearts were divided into six groups of 5 hearts each. Each group received a different concentration (15, 25, 40, 60, 80, 100 mEq/L) in the cardioplegic solution. Using an isolated rat heart preparation, hemodynamic indices after 30 minutes preservation were compared with the previous control values of the same hearts. And the same protocol was performed on the profound hypothermia group using another 30 rat hearts. When Basic-Modified-Krebs-Solution was used as a base for the cardioplegic solutions, we concluded from the results that the solution' with 40 mEq/L of potassium chloride might offer the best myocardial protection of all concentrations tested; and that the safe range of the potassium was from 25 mEq/L to 60 mEq/l in the profound hypothermic preservation. PMID- 6674795 TI - [Studies on inferior mesenteric arterial stump blood pressure and aortographic findings in surgical cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm: in relation to ischemic colitis]. AB - In 18 cases with unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, preoperative aortographic findings and the mean ratio of inferior mesenteric arterial stump blood pressure to systemic blood pressure (IMA/Syst. Pr. Ratio) were analyzed. In all cases IMA was ligated at operation because IMA/Syst. Pr. Ratio was more than 0.4, and one developed ischemic colitis. Preoperative aortogram was useful to identify meandering mesenteric artery and its flow direction to predict colon ischemia. IMA/Syst. Pr. Ratio following aortic reconstruction ranged from 0.41 to 1.0 with mean value of 0.70. In a case of ischemic colitis the ratio was the lowest value (0.5) except one case. Thus the ratio had diagnostic value to predict colon ischemia. Aortogram and IMA/Syst. Pr. Ratio were summed up to evaluate collateral circulation to colonic blood supply. Hypogastric arteries played an important role in some cases with intact IMA, and meandering mesenteric artery frequently in cases with occluded IMA. Consequently, it is important to preserve hypogastric arterial blood flow especially in the cases with intact IMA. In two cases whose internal iliac arteries were ligated bilaterally, IMA stump pressure was enough, and ischemic colitis was not encountered. The problems of peripheral vascular reconstruction in these two cases were also discussed. PMID- 6674796 TI - [Pathological and clinical studies on primary aldosteronism]. AB - In the surgical treatment of patients with primary aldosteronism, differentiation of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia should be kept in mind. Controversies exist, on the other hand, concerning the diagnosis and management of multiple nodular hyperplasia which often coxists with adrenal adenoma. We studied correlations between pathological findings and clinical diagnosis on 13 patients with primary aldosteronism who were operated on during the 19 year period from 1963 to 1981, and the results were as follows; (1) Histologically, adrenal glands of these patients were classified into three subgroups, namely i) adrenocortical adenoma alone, ii) adrenocortical adenoma associated with multiple nodular hyperplasia, and iii) nodules of multiple nodular hyperplasia alone. (2) Clinically, the latter two subgroups showed increase in plasma renin activity following the combination test of volume depletion and spironolactone administration. From these results it is suggested that even in patients with primary aldosteronism multiple nodular hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex can coexist together with adrenal adenoma, and that coexistence of this hyperplasia may modify some clinical features of the disease. PMID- 6674798 TI - [Evaluation of surgical therapy for thromboangitis obliterans, with special reference to follow-up studies]. AB - Out of sixty patients with thromboangitis obliterans from January 1966 to December 1981, 50 cases underwent such surgery as sympathetic ganglionectomy, thromboendarterectomy and arterial bypass. The remaining 10 cases received conservative therapies such as intravenous infusion of Prostaglandin E1 (60 micrograms in 5% glucose 500 ml) and epidural sympathetic ganglion block using 1% xylocaine. Good results were obtained in 29 operative cases and in 5 cases with non-surgical therapies. Among the operative cases, the subjective symptoms after discharge improved in forty-one patients (82%) unchanged in three (6%) and remained poor in six (12%). While, those of non-surgical group improved in eight and unchanged in two. In twelve of twenty-nine operative patients whose subjective symptoms improved immediately after discharge, their subjective distress turned worse again. However, the subjective symptoms of 5 patients in non-surgical group remained well in follow-up studies. Many patients who were diagnosed unchanged during follow-up period, had underwent the lumbar and/or thoracic sympathetic gangloinectomy. It is thus concluded that the effects of the sympathetic ganglionectomy are not permanent. The arterial reconstructive surgery is very effective for relief of peripheral ischemia in the follow-up studies if good function of the grafts was obtained in the early postoperative period. PMID- 6674797 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of a large dose injection of OK-432 (picibanil)]. AB - Intratumoral administration of a large dose of OK-432 has two antitumor functions; a direct cytotoxic effect and an indirect effect through the host reticuloendotherial functions. It has been pointed out that this method, however, occasionally results in shock. Several investigators have suggested the importance of the use of general anesthesia to avoid such shock. In order to explore the hemodynamic effect of intratumoral injection of OK-432, a simulated experiment (OK-432 or saline intramuscular injection) was carried out utilizing 10 anesthetized and 10 unanesthetized dogs. In addition, hemodynamic alterations during the OK-432 administration were studied in nine patients under neuroleptal anesthesia. In both anesthetized and unanesthetized dogs, OK-432 intramuscular injection resulted in a slight decrease of the mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and cardiac output as compared with those of the saline injected dogs. The hemodynamic alterations, however, were minimal and were thought not to cause severe hemodynamic derangements. Clinical experiences also showed no serious hemodynamic effects by the OK-432 intratumoral injections. It was concluded that the OK-432 intratumoral injection appeared not to induce hemodynamic derangement when applied to euvolemic and hemodynamically stable patients. PMID- 6674799 TI - [Leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma of the esophagus: report of 9 cases and review of the Japanese literature]. AB - Seven cases of leiomyoma and two cases of leiomyosarcoma of the esophagus were presented. Review of the Japanese literature revealed a total of 260 cases of the former and only 35 cases of the latter, including our own cases. They occurred more frequently in males than females, by a ratio of 1.6:1 and 1.8:1, respectively. The patients with leiomyosarcoma distributed in higher age groups. The most frequent symptom was dysphagia in both groups of the cases, but in cases of leiomyosarcoma the incidence was much higher and the duration of the symptom was shorter. About 20% of the patients with leiomyoma were asymptomatic. Although the size of leiomyosarcoma tended to be larger, giant leiomyomas more than 10 cm in diameter were found in 18% of the cases. The lower third of the esophagus was the site of both tumors in over half of the cases, the middle third being the next frequent. The surgical removal by enucleation was the procedure of choice for leiomyoma. However, when either the tumor is densely adherent to the mucosa for considerable length or accidental extensive mucosal tear occurs, esophageal resection is recommended. Postoperative morbidity was minimal and results were generally excellent. On the contrary, esophageal resection including the tumor was indicated for leiomyosarcoma. The long-term results were poor particularly in cases of infiltrating-type lesions, though survival data could not be fully evaluated. PMID- 6674801 TI - [Successful ex vivo preservation of canine hearts for 24 hours]. AB - Prolonged storage of hearts in a viable condition is one of the most important problems of cardiac transplantation. Recently we have developed the new perfusion system and succeeded in preserving hearts extracorporeally for 24 hours in beating condition. In this series nine canine hearts were preserved for 24 hours by this perfusion method. Three of them were only for preservation and six were transplanted orthotopically into the recipient dogs after 24 hours preservation. These hearts were examined by light and electronmicroscopy at the different stages, namely after 24 hours preservation, at 24 hour after transplantation, on 7th day after transplantation. The morphological study demonstrated that myocardium showed no evidence of structural damage. This perfusion system is newly developed and one step to the clinical use for long-term heart preservation. PMID- 6674800 TI - [Heart valve replacement with the Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial xenograft. Hemodynamic evaluation and early clinical follow-up of 170 patients]. AB - The Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial xenograft (ISPX) has been widely accepted clinically because of its superior hemodynamic characteristics and low incidence of thrombogenicity. After confirmation by our own experiment of its superior valve performance, we have adopted in clinical application of this valve since August of 1979, and implanted 189 of this valve in 170 patients up to November of 1981. The overall mortality rate including of hospital and follow up death was 14.1%. The pressure gradient and calculated orifice area of ISPX were compared to those of Hancock xenograft (HX), and the valve characteristics of ISPXs was found to be better than those of HX. The cardiac function following implantation of this valve apparently showed improvement. No incidence of thromboembolic episode or malfunction was observed, however, prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) was encountered in four patients and two died. This incidence of PVE in ISPXs was not significantly higher in comparison to that in other type of prosthetic valve. However the low incidence of thromboembolic episode as well as acceptable valve performance were confirmed by our study, the durability and susceptibility to PVE has to be carefully observed in the longer follow up. PMID- 6674802 TI - [Extended aortic bypass operation for dissecting aortic aneurysm of De Bakey type III: experimental and clinical studies]. AB - For the purpose to achieve good operative results of dissecting aortic aneurysm of De Bakey type III, an extended aortic bypass operation was utilized in our institute. Experimental study: Twenty two mongrel dogs were operated upon by placing bypass graft between the descending aorta distal to the left subclavian artery and the infrarenal abdominal aorta. The descending aorta distal to the proximal anastomosis was divided and closed. Fifteen dogs survived operations. Thrombus formation in the distal descending aorta was noted in all animals, but not extended beyond the level of coeliac artery. In six dogs which survived more than three months after the operation thrombi were well organized. Clinical application: four patients were operated upon using this operative procedure. Three patients survived the operation, but one patient who had previous abdominal reconstruction for ruptured aneurysm developed paraplegia postoperatively and eventually died from prolonged respiratory failure five months after operation. Two patients have been in excellent health until 10 to 26 months after operation and postoperative aortograms showed conspicuous thromboexclusion of the distal descending aorta. It is concluded that extended aortic bypass operation is useful for the surgical treatment of De Bakey type III aortic dissection. PMID- 6674803 TI - [The effects of gastrointestinal hormones on the growth and protein synthesis of gastric carcinomas]. AB - The effects of gastrointestinal hormones on gastric carcinomas were examined in vitro and in vivo. In five of seventeen cases of human gastric carcinomas, the uptake of 14C-leucine into the tumor tissue in organ culture was enhanced by 10 micrograms/ml of gastrin. Also, in four of thirteen cases of human gastric carcinomas, the production of 14C-labelled proteins in medium was increased by gastrin. All the cases in which protein synthesis was enhanced by gastrin were histologically poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. The effects of gastrin and secretin on the growth of gastric carcinoma, which was serially transplanted in athymic mice, were examined. The doubling time of the tumor was 7.1 days. The doubling time was shortened to 4.1 days by daily administration of 250 micrograms/kg of gastrin. This topic effect of gastrin on gastric carcinoma was inhibited by 100 U/kg of secretin. These results showed that the growth and protein synthesis of gastrointestinal tumor may be regulated by gastrointestinal hormones. PMID- 6674804 TI - [An experimental study of the role of portal vein blood factors in the regeneration of the liver after partial hepatectomy]. AB - It is generally accepted that the portal venous blood has an important role in hepatic regeneration. However, the actual factor or factors of the portal venous blood have not been fully identified. In this experimental study on dogs, 1) the effect on the amount of hepatic blood flow, 2) the effect of pancreatic hormones, and 3) the effect of amino acids in the portal vein upon hepatic regeneration at 96 hours after 40% hepatectomy were examined by 3H-thymidine labelling indices of hepatocyte nuclei. Diversion of portal blood from the liver resulted in a significant decrease of labelling index. Portacaval transposition did not influence the labelling index regardless of pancreatic venous flow into the liver. On the other hand, the direct infusion of amino acids into the liver via portal vein after portacaval transposition with or without pancreatic venous flow significantly increased the labelling index. However, additional arterialization of portacaval transposition resulted in no significant increase of the labelling index. These results indicate; 1) Adequate amount of blood flow is necessary for hepatic regeneration. 2) Pancreatic venous flow into the liver may not be a major factor in hepatic regeneration. 3) High concentration of amino acids in the portal venous blood is one of the most influential factors in hepatic regeneration. 4) Oxygen concentration in the portal vein may not the factor which effected directly hepatic regeneration. PMID- 6674805 TI - [Septic complications after total colectomy, excision of the rectal mucosa ileoanastomy and its prevention--with special reference to pelvic sepsis]. AB - Forty-two patients had total colectomy, excision of th rectal mucosa and ileoanastomy for adenomatosis coli or ulcerative colitis. The essential operative management for prevention of pelvic sepsis are 1) intraoperative bowel irrigation with antimicrobes, 2) creation of temporary defunctioning ileostomy, 3) effective drainage of the rectal cuff. With these methods pelvic sepsis developed in ten out of forty contaminated case. Whereas in one contaminated case both pelvic sepsis and wound infection developed. Age of the patients, the presence of underlying diseases, type of reservoir and surgeon's experience had no correlation with the incidence of pelvic sepsis, however the short rectal cuff seemed significant for its prevention. The stenosis of the transposed ileum had developed in two cases, one of which case had recurrence of pelvic sepsis after closure of ileostomy. One patient had chronic fistula between transposed ileum and perineum after removal of the transperineal drainage. These complications are very difficult to manage. Three patients had closure of ileostomy with satisfactory result. Proctoscopic examination were essential to identify with anastomotic break down and pus discharge. Irrigation of the transposed ileum with antimicrobes for aerobes and anaerobes should be started after diagnosis. Incision and drainage were necessary when irrigation failed to heal cuff abscess. PMID- 6674806 TI - [Experimental study of the modified human saphenous vein as a small caliber arterial substitute]. AB - The present study was designed to experimentally evaluate the efficacy of the modified human saphenous vein as a small caliber arterial substitute. In the process of vein preparation, digestion with proteolytic enzyme, ficin, was mandatory in order to increase the diameter of cadaveric veins. However, the tensile strength of the graft was necessarily reduced as the digestion progressed. The optimal time of digestion, therefore, was determined as 60-90 min. For the tanning, 1.5% glutaraldehyde was used. The veins harvested from mild varicose patient seemed to offer a good material, because the varicose veins also exhibited enough strength in the tensile stress test. Twelve glutaraldehyde tanned human saphenous veins (Group A), fourteen ficin treated glutaraldehyde tanned human saphenous veins (Group B) and ten Gore-Tex (Group C) were implanted to the canine abdominal aorta. The patency rate was 83% in Group A, 85% in Group B, and 80% in Group C. One graft in Group B developed a false aneurysm and another was markedly dilated. In Group C, four grafts were calcified about one year following implantation. In contrast with these, in Group A, there was no aneurysm or thrombus formation and the graft surface was very smooth. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that glutaraldehyde tanned human saphenous veins (Group A) can be reliably used as a small caliber arterial substitute. PMID- 6674807 TI - [Genesis and extension of intraductal papillomas of the breast--a three dimensional morphological study]. AB - Graphic reconstruction of semi-serially sectioned breast specimens allowed a three-dimensional observation of intraductal proliferative lesions and their growth characteristics. Ten surgical specimens with intraductal papillomas obtained by microdochectomy were subjected to this study, and the primary site and extending behavior of papillomas were analysed. The results indicated: (1) In seven out of the ten cases papillomas appeared to arise from terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) as multiple foci three-dimensionally independent of each other. (2) Secondary ductal involvement by multiple papillomas attained to as far as subsegmental or segmental level. (3) On the other hand solitary papilloma arose from segmental duct without involving TDLU. (4) Both solitary and multiple papillomas transformed and distorted the duct system while sustaining its basically arborescent pattern. (5) Duct papillomatosis, situated within TDLU, was often proved to be connected with multiple papillomas in more proximal ducts, and therefore was regarded as a prepapillomatous lesion. (6) Retention cysts associated with multiple papillomas were accounted for by intraductal proliferations obstructing outflow tracts. PMID- 6674808 TI - [Production of experimental colonic cancer in dog. A comparative study of administrative methods of carcinogen]. AB - It may be useful for therapeutic purposes if experimental colonic cancer can be produced in larger animals. Our protocols for experiment to produce colonic cancer in dog were as follows: Two beagle and 12 mongrel dogs were used. Endoscopic examination was done every month or every other month. 1,2 Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was given subcutaneously in 3 mongrel dogs once a week for 25 months. The protrusion like verruca was observed macroscopically in colonic mucosa in two of them. Histologically it was like lymph follicle hyperplasia in the submucosa. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) soaked in sponge was inserted daily into the rectum of 2 beagle and 2 mongrel dogs for about 20.4 months. A leiomyoma of the colon was detected histologically in one beagle. N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) soaked in sponge was inserted daily into the rectum of 4 mongrel dogs for about 26.5 months. During follow up study, adenoma of the colon was detected by biopsy in one dog. ENNG suppository (containing 50 mg of ENNG) was administered through the anus in 3 mongrel dogs. Colon cancer was induced in all of three dogs. There were metastases to the liver, lung and lymph nodes in one of them. Colonic cancer was successfully induced in dogs by suppository of ENNG into the rectum. This model seems to be the most useful for producing experimental colonic cancer. PMID- 6674809 TI - Immune-complexes solubilization: effect of antigen-antibody ratio and relative role of alternative and classical complement pathways. AB - Insoluble immune-complexes (IC) are solubilized by complement. A functional alternative pathway (AP) is required for solubilization. Classical pathway (CP) has an enhancing effect, but the effect of antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) ratio and the relative role of AP and CP at these different Ag-Ab ratios is controversial. We reinvestigated these factors in a human model (IC prepared with tetanus toxoid and affinity purified human Ab solubilized by normal serum--NHS). We present evidence that (1) IC prepared at Ag excess are only partially solubilized. (2) IC prepared at large Ag excess are not solubilized by AP. (3) AP prepared at Ab excess are solubilized exclusively by AP. (4) IC prepared at equivalence are solubilized by AP and CP acting in synergy. PMID- 6674810 TI - Ecdysteroids in adults of the nematode, Dirofilaria immitis. AB - Adult males and females of the dog heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, were extracted separately and, following separation of the free and conjugated ecdysteroid fractions, the conjugates were hydrolysed enzymically. Both the ecdysteroids released by hydrolysis of the conjugates and the free hormones were further purified and analysed by a combination of radioimmunoassay, thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography monitoring fractions by radioimmunoassay, and by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (selected ion monitoring). Both males and females contained free and conjugated ecdysteroids. Evidence was obtained for the presence of ecdysone, 20 hydroxyecdysone, 20,26-dihydroxyecdysone and possibly ponasterone A. The possible parallel between ecdysteroid endocrinology in nematodes and insects is discussed. PMID- 6674812 TI - Genomic organization of Trypanosoma brucei variant antigen gene families in sequential parasitemias. AB - cDNA libraries were made from mRNA purified from each of seven sequentially isolated variant antigen types (VATs) of the IsTat 1 serodeme. Plasmids containing variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) sequences corresponding to each of the isolates were used in Southern analyses to examine the genomic organization of VSG nucleotide sequences. In most cases, cells expressing a given VSG were shown to have an extra copy of the corresponding VSG gene. In one case an expression-linked copy (ELC) was not detectable. VSG gene rearrangements not obviously correlated with the expression of homologous sequences were detected in four of six VSG gene families. Thus, even cDNAs which detected an ELC revealed additional genomic reorganization in regions flanking VSG sequences. The cells used to initiate the chronic infection expressed the same VSG as those isolated from the first parasitemia. The extent of genomic rearrangement observed between these two sequentially derived populations was comparable to that observed between any of the other serially derived VATs. Thus, within a short period of time and in the absence of detectable antigenic variation, the amount of genetic flux in sequences associated with VSG genes can be substantial. PMID- 6674813 TI - [Bioindications for elevated metal contents in flowing waters]. AB - Lawful arguments of food research require an information of the concentrations of heavy metals in fishes. Whereas for the control of emissions and of river pollution the analysis on heavy metals in excellent indicator organisms - as specific submerged water plants or fish food (zoobenthic) organisms - is generally more sensitive and therefore more suitable. With analytical results there is no successive accumulation of metals in the aquatic food chain - that means no biomagnification - determinable. By the analysis of some bioindicators the degree of the environmental load due to heavy metals can be estimated. With this ecological method we are able to detect the emissions' locality and their producers. PMID- 6674811 TI - Molecular characterization of initial variants from the IsTat I serodeme of Trypanosoma brucei. AB - Variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) were isolated from variant antigen types (VATs) of the IsTat 1 serodeme. Molecular weight and isoelectric focusing analysis demonstrate that seven early VSGs possess properties generally attributed to VSGs isolated from other trypanosome serodemes. Six of the seven VSGs characterized are distinct from one another, while two (D and 1) appear identical. The presence of VSG specific mRNA in corresponding VATs was demonstrated by in vitro translation of RNA from each of the VATs, followed by immunoprecipitation with homologous and heterologous antisera. Hybridization of VSG cDNA clones with RNA from each VAT confirm that VSG mRNA is present only in homologous VATs and verifies the transcriptional control of these VSG genes. The two VATs D and 1 express indistinguishable VSGs by a variety of biochemical criteria, as well as by reactivity with 24 monoclonal antibodies. The VSG mRNAs in VATs D and 1 also appear identical. However, this identity is not reflected at the genomic level. Data is presented which establishes that DNA rearrangements can occur around both expressed and non-expressed VSG genes without qualitatively affecting VSG gene expression. PMID- 6674815 TI - Concentration of coliphages from drinking water by Mg(OH)2 flocculation. PMID- 6674814 TI - [Biorheology: problems and results in medicine]. AB - After a short explanation of the topic and a methodological introduction, several recent biorheological findings are presented and discussed. Intrinsic viscosity measurements with lipoproteins show, that a certain type associates strongly in presence of Ca ions thus representing a risk factor for infarction. A rheological theory of rheumatic deterioration of knee joint synovial fluid is presented and suggested as a diagnostic aid. Finally, recent results in blood rheology are reported and their bearing on circulation problems and arterial obstructive conditions discussed. PMID- 6674816 TI - Tn, a universal carcinoma (CA) marker, frequently strongly expressed in anaplastic, aggressive CA. PMID- 6674817 TI - Influence of single doses of dothiepin and amitriptyline on physiological measures and psychomotor performance in normal young and elderly volunteers. AB - The subjects were 14 (7 young and 7 elderly) men. Self-rating, and physiological and psychological measurements were applied, and experiments were performed 24 h after drug administrations. 25 mg dothiepin hydrochloride (DP) decreased critical flicker frequency less than 25 mg AMP in both age groups. 25 mg DP reduced whole mouth salivary rates less than 25 mg AMP, especially in the young subjects. 25 mg DP decreased diastolic blood pressure more than 25 mg AMP. Systolic blood pressure (after 25 mg DP and 25 mg AMP) and whole mouth salivary rates (after 25 mg AMP) were affected more intensely in the elderly than in the young volunteers. PMID- 6674818 TI - High plasma concentrations of metoclopramide are not detected by radioreceptor assay. AB - Plasma samples from individuals treated with equivalent doses of metoclopramide or thioridazine were tested for their potency in the radioreceptor assay. Samples of plasma from patients treated with thioridazine actively displaced 3H spiroperidol from striatal membranes, while plasma from patients treated with metoclopramide were virtually inactive. The lack of activity in the radioreceptor assay is of particular interest as the concentration of metoclopramide determined by gas chromatography, in the same plasma samples, indicates a mean value of 1,102 ng/ml. PMID- 6674819 TI - Comparison of chlormethiazole (Heminevrin) and chlordiazepoxide (Librium) in the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal. AB - This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of chlormethiazole and chlordiazepoxide in the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome in 40 patients. Repeated biochemical, clinical, and psychophysiological measurements were obtained in a randomized, double-blind design in which one group of patients received chlormethiazole and a second group received chlordiazepoxide over a period of 7 days. Analysis indicated both drugs to be of equivalent potency and were equally well tolerated by patients. The more severe aspects of withdrawal were brought under control within the first 4 days of treatment. However, even at 7 days, there still persisted some symptoms attributable to the withdrawal from alcohol. PMID- 6674820 TI - Depression-inducing and antidepressive effects of neuroleptics. Experiences with flupenthixol and flupenthixol decanoate. AB - The antidepressive and anxiolytic efficacy of flupenthixol has been investigated in numerous controlled and open trials involving patients with endogenous, reactive as well as senile depressions. When administered at a mean daily single or multiple dose of 1-2 mg, flupenthixol proved to be a very effective and well tolerated antidepressant. As opposed to some of the currently available antidepressants, flupenthixol has a rapid onset of action which is often displayed within the first 2-3 days following its application. Flupenthixol decanoate has also a pronounced antidepressive and anxiolytic effect which appears to be adequate enough for treating mild to moderately severe syndromes of depression. This depot neuroleptic has been given at a fortnightly dosage ranging between 2.5 and 30 mg. However, if the aspect of efficacy in relation to tolerance has to be taken in to consideration, then 5 mg are apt to be an appropriate dose. Patients with an agitated depression and/or suicide ideation should, however, be excluded from therapy with this drug. Extrapyramidal movement disorders which may appear during treatment are a disadvantage of this medication. Apparently such disorders are rarely encountered if the dose is kept below 10 mg. Other untoward effects are very seldom indeed. A final and conclusive judgement on the possible application of flupenthixol decanoate in the prophylaxis of phases in patients with bipolar and periodical depressions is as yet not feasible. Further clinical trials are necessary before flupenthixol decanoate can be classified as a possible 'depot antidepressant'. PMID- 6674821 TI - Organizing and conducting clinical trials. AB - Of the three stages of clinical trial, i.e. design, data collection, analysis, the second stage is the most neglected. The literature abounds with discussions on design and analysis, but there is a dearth of information on the organization and execution of the trial itself. Easily the most time-consuming aspect of a trial, data collection is frequently carried out by individuals who have not designed the study and who will not perform the analysis of results. With different individuals involved in each of the stages, intercommunication on substantive and procedural issues is essential for the successful culmination of the clinical project. PMID- 6674822 TI - The many facets of poor sleep. AB - Insomnia is a syndrome composed of symptoms of disturbed sleep, decrement of day time performance and depressed mood to various degrees and in various combinations. This article roughly describes the methods of measuring the different facets of insomnia. A major difficulty in research with insomniacs is seen in the fact that many methods have been developed in research with young healthy volunteers, not with insomniacs. While good sleep is a homogeneous phenomenon, and its quality will be described similarly well by different methods, insomnia is a very heterogeneous syndrome with low intercorrelation of the different measures. Therefore, insomniacs' sleep quality should be assessed from as many points of view as possible. PMID- 6674823 TI - Activation and anxiety as represented by patterns of catecholamine levels in hyper- and normotensives. AB - Types of hyper- and hyposympathetic plasma catecholamine response and types of pronounced epinephrine and pronounced norepinephrine response were identified within samples of hyper- and normotensive subjects each. Hypersympathetic subjects emerged as more active and well-adapted than hyposympathetic ones in both groups. Among hypertensives, subjects producing high levels of epinephrine and low levels of norepinephrine scored higher on state and trait anxiety scales than those with a reverse catecholamine pattern, while no such differences could be demonstrated between respective normotensive types. PMID- 6674824 TI - The COMSTAT algorithm for multimodal factor analysis: an improvement of Tucker's three-mode factor analysis method. AB - Three-mode factor analysis, as developed by Tucker in 1966, is a method for nonredundant representation of data arrays with three subscripts (e.g. observations classified according to persons by variables by conditions). Tucker , however, did not succeed in obtaining a least-squares solution for his model. We derive in this paper a necessary condition for a least-squares solution and construct an algorithm which improves any given initial solution in the least squares sense. We show that this algorithm converges to a representation satisfying the necessary conditions for a least-squares solution. The method is in no way restricted to three dimensions, but can be applied to any multimodal data array. PMID- 6674825 TI - Example for applying the COMSTAT multimodal factor analysis algorithm to EEG data to describe variance sources. AB - An example is given for the application of the COMSTAT algorithm for multimodal factor analysis to EEG power spectral data. The COMSTAT algorithm enlarges Tucker 's three-mode factor analysis to a multimodal one, and improves his algorithm by a least squares solution. The EEG power spectral data from 65 healthy subjects with an occipital rhythm between 8 and 12 Hz were taken. For demonstration purposes we selected three modes, which have been used by other authors: mode 1: 29 frequency classes, 1n of relative power, in delta f = 1.0-Hz steps between 1 and 30 Hz; mode 2: 16 segments, 40 s each, during the two situational vigilance conditions reaction time (RT) and resting (RS), and mode 3: 65 persons. The frequency mode could be described sufficiently by five factors which we called: delta F/alpha F1; nu F/alpha F2; beta F1/alpha F1; beta F2; beta F3. The factor loading profiles were similar to those described earlier in independent data. Thus, in the three-mode model we obtained results comparable to those of two-mode models. In the level of 16 situational segments only two factors were extractable. They described the two situations RT, higher vigilance level, and RS, lower vigilance level. In order to demonstrate the changes in factor structure, if a two-mode model is enlarged by a third mode, we used two models for the description of personal (P) variance. When the matrix persons X segments (P X V) was taken, only two factors were extractable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674826 TI - Correlates of adaptation to the sleep laboratory. Behavior, sleep organization, quantitative EEG. AB - The present study aims at establishing to what extent adaptation phenomena should be taken into consideration for the definition of an independent baseline in sleep research. To this purpose we have studied: (1) a standard battery of neuropsychological test evaluating performance, subjective assessments of moods and sleep quality; (2) classical sleep parameters; (3) data derived from quantitative analysis of sleep EEG. 19 young male volunteers have been recorded for consecutive nights; 7 of them underwent the recordings for 3, 8 for 6 and 4 for 10 nights. Results can be summarized as follows: (A) both interindividual and intraindividual variability show a progressively decreasing trend toward homogeneity for most of the explored parameters; (B) steady state is reached in different times for different groups of parameters; (C) an adequate group homogeneity was achieved from the 5th night onwards. Implications of these data in sleep studies, namely in sleep active drug research are discussed. PMID- 6674827 TI - Serum cholesterol levels in homicidal offenders. A low cholesterol level is connected with a habitually violent tendency under the influence of alcohol. AB - Serum cholesterol fasting concentrations were measured in 280 male homicidal offenders. Those with an antisocial personality or an intermittent explosive disorder with a habitually violent tendency in both when under the influence of alcohol showed a lower mean level of serum cholesterol than did other offenders. The results were also compatible with the hypotheses that antisocial personality consists of two groups. The exact reason for the finding is not clear but it could be connected with an enhanced insulin secretion. PMID- 6674828 TI - Plasma noradrenaline and clinical psychopathology in schizophrenia. A correlation analysis. AB - Plasma noradrenaline was assayed in schizophrenics selected according to research diagnostic criteria. Clinical symptomatology was simultaneously rated according to the comprehensive psychopathological rating scale. Global psychopathology, positive (delusional, hallucinatory), negative (autistic), paranoid and hallucinatory symptomatology were separately rated. Noradrenaline was significantly higher in schizophrenics than in a normal control group. A correlation analysis was applied to both psychopathology and plasmatic noradrenaline levels. Noradrenaline was significantly correlated (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.02) with global psychopathology, positive symptoms and paranoid symptomatology. No correlation was demonstrated between plasma noradrenaline and negative and hallucinatory symptomatology. Plasma noradrenaline is proposed to be related to a high level of sympathetic general activity in schizophrenics, specially associated with paranoid symptomatology. PMID- 6674829 TI - Paranoiac psychoses: a follow-up. AB - 74 patients with paranoiac psychoses were followed up. Paranoiac psychoses are characterized by affect-laden delusions, resemble the paranoias of Kraepelin, but have a better prognosis. 18 cases appeared to show a chronic course of illness, but only 1 case needed prolonged hospitalization in a mental hospital. Paranoiac psychoses are considered benign insofar as they have a nonschizophrenic long-term outcome. They resemble schizophrenic psychoses because the familial loading of psychoses is predominantly schizophrenic. To a great extent, the clinical picture revealed typical schizophrenic symptoms at the onset of the illness, so that at discharge from hospital there were often doubts as to whether psychoses should be classified as schizophrenias. PMID- 6674831 TI - Cytochemical demonstration of cadmium and iron in experimental blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). PMID- 6674832 TI - Progesterone receptors in pituitary and brain: combined autoradiography immunohistochemistry with tritium-labelled ligand and receptor antibodies. PMID- 6674830 TI - Mortality and hidden mental disorder in the Lundby Study. Age-standardized death rates among mentally ill 'non-patients' in a total population observed during a 25-year period. AB - In the Lundby Study, all mental illnesses, treated as well as untreated, that occurred during a 25-year period in a geographically defined Swedish general population sample were evaluated. All forms of psychiatric services used by the population during the same period were registered. The present study investigates the mortality pattern of mentally ill persons who did not receive psychiatric specialist treatment. Men with a 'hidden' mental disorder showed a significantly increased mortality from non-violet causes (p less than 0.001). The relative somatic death risk in this group was even slightly higher than that found among mentally ill men who had received psychiatric specialist care. The somatic overmortality found among women with a hidden mental disorder did not reach statistical significance, while mentally ill women who had been treated showed a significant excess mortality from natural causes (p less than 0.05). The total number of violet deaths was small and calculations on violet death risks were performed only for men. Among men with a hidden mental disorder the age standardized violent death risk was twice that of the total male population, but the increase did not reach statistical significance. Men with a treated mental disorder showed a significant over-mortality from violent causes (p less than 0.001). PMID- 6674833 TI - [Automatic control of the transport of film in scanning electron microscopic documentation based on the Cambridge Stereoscan 250 TP microscope]. PMID- 6674834 TI - Craniocervical malformations. AB - This short survey summarises the important craniocervical dysplasias, the malformations accompanying primary neuroectodermal and secondary lesions of the neural structures and their coverings, and complex malformations. The interpretation, classification and the identification of the static and/or dynamic biomechanical pathogenesis is a prerequisite for the correct diagnosis and for assessing the indications for and the choice of any operation to be adopted. PMID- 6674835 TI - Computer-tomographic investigations in malformations of the occipito-cervical junction. AB - The diagnosis of occipito-cervical dysplasias has been improved markedly by computer-tomography. Two millimetre transverse cuts with sagittal and coronal reconstructions are necessary. Based on nine cases with nearly all types of malformations it is shown that even complex osseous (mesodermal) malformations and dysplasias as well as isolated or combined neuroectodermal dysplasic or secondary compressive lesions of the medulla oblongata and cord can be detected. Transverse and AP diameters of the foramen magnum and spinal canal and the classical lines and angles can be measured. This time-consuming procedure will give more information than the classical radiological methods and avoid myelographic and cisternal examinations. Its disadvantages are the impossibility of dynamic functional studies and the length of the procedure. PMID- 6674836 TI - Craniocervical abnormalities. Modern diagnosis and a comprehensive surgical approach. AB - A retrospective study of 41 patients operated on between 1975 and 1983 is presented including guidelines for surgical management with some alternative technique both in anterior and posterior approaches and modern diagnostic procedures. A proposed base-line inclined--10 degrees from Reid's base-line proved to be adequate to obtain the true shape and size of the foramen magnum on CT-scan. The normal range of the clivo -axial angle in adults is reported and its clinical significance is stressed. PMID- 6674838 TI - Congenital atlanto-axial dislocation. AB - Report about 105 personally operated cases of congenital atlanto-axial dislocation. This fairly common malformation in India occurs three times more in males than in females, 50% show symptoms before the age of 20 years, the other half during the third decade of life. Transient attacks of cervical cord compression occur with progressive motor and posterior column defect, and sometimes unconsciousness and cerebellar involvement are characteristic. The diagnosis is proved by X-rays including tomograms and dynamic studies. Three types of malformation can be differentiated: Group I with assimilation of the atlas, group II with anomalies of the odontoid process and group III with a normal atlas and axis. The different types and subtypes are described in detail as well as the pathological and pathogenic factors. The treatment and personal experiences show that the early treatment with posterior decompression, sometimes combined with posterior fusion was unsuccessful and resulted in a high mortality and morbidity. The antero-lateral approach, described by the author proved to be the method choice. The prognosis is dependent on the extent of the damage to the cord before treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment lead to excellent results. PMID- 6674837 TI - Transoral operations for craniospinal malformations. AB - The transoral approach to the lower third of the clivus and to the ventral aspect of the upper cervical spine is used in craniospinal malformations with or without dislocation as well as in basilar aneurysms, ventrally situated cranio-spinal tumours, fractures of the odontoid process, and in rheumatoid arthritis compressing the spinal cord. In consideration of the literature and ten personal cases the indications and techniques of the transoral approach in craniospinal malformations are discussed. According to our own experiences and those of other authors it is possible to expose the lower clivus and the cervical spine down to C2 by a midline incision of the pharyngeal wall using a mouth retractor and oral intubation. Splitting of the soft palate or resection of the hard palate are not necessary, a tracheotomy should be performed only in exceptional cases. In congenital craniospinal malformations without dislocation or instability causing a ventral compression of the spinal cord, for instance by the odontoid process, the transoral decompression is preferable to dorsal decompressing operations. In cases of pure instability without any space-occupying lesion the transoral and posterior approach are possible in order to perform a fusion. The last one seems more advantageous in these cases. In craniospinal malformations with dislocation causing a ventral and dorsal narrowing of the spinal canal, apart from the decompression a stabilization has to be achieved. In these usually complex malformations individual treatment is necessary. According to the rare cases in the literature and to our own experience a primary anterior decompression, followed by a most careful posterior stabilization seems to produce the most favourable results. PMID- 6674839 TI - Indications and technique for the operative treatment of hypoplastic deformities of the odontoid process. AB - On the basis of four typical cases of congenital hypoplastic deformities of the odontoid process the clinical significance, symptoms, diagnosis and the indications for operative treatment of the malformations are described. It is further shown that these malformations lead to clinical manifestations only when associated with a primarily existing, or a later acquired inadequacy of the ligaments with movement-induced changes in the position of the atlas. The operative treatment recommended involves a special technique for a bilateral dorsal fixation with tibial grafts. By this operative technique a substantial or even completely stable fixation of the atlas can be achieved, in the acute phase by the stability of the tibial grafts and in the long term by the bony fusion which occurs. PMID- 6674840 TI - Traumatic tetraparesis in craniocervical dysplasia. Case report. AB - Case report of traumatic induced tetraplegia due to multiple cranio-cervical abnormalities with cord compression at the level of C4/C5. Diagnostic and operative procedure. PMID- 6674841 TI - [Idiopathic aggressive colitis. Current problems of surgical therapy]. PMID- 6674842 TI - [Thoraco-pulmonary wounds caused by hunting rifles. Treatment and classification]. PMID- 6674843 TI - [Bronchial adenomas and carcinoids: conservative or extensive surgery? Considerations on 30 operated cases]. PMID- 6674844 TI - [Etiology and pathologic anatomy of superior vena cava occlusions]. PMID- 6674845 TI - [Mesenteric infarct caused by venous thrombosis. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations on 6 surgically treated cases]. PMID- 6674846 TI - [Use of a trans-anastomotic stent in high bilio-digestive by-pass]. PMID- 6674847 TI - [Surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. Analysis of 45 cases]. PMID- 6674849 TI - [Lights and shadows in the surgical day hospital today]. PMID- 6674848 TI - [Slipping rib syndrome]. PMID- 6674850 TI - Hazardous exports. A perplexing problem. PMID- 6674851 TI - Physicians should retain control of records. PMID- 6674852 TI - Good start is essential in mobile health testing. PMID- 6674854 TI - Shape of the fibular part of the plantar aponeurosis in Japanese. PMID- 6674853 TI - The effects of saponin on sinusoids and capillaries in various organs: an electron microscopic study. PMID- 6674855 TI - Embryological study on the articular cavity, especially the articular cavity of the jaw articulation in chick and cat embryos. PMID- 6674856 TI - Electron microscopic study on differentiation of intramural ganglia in the developing rat colon. PMID- 6674857 TI - [Proceedings of the 31st meeting of the Polish Otolaryngologic Society. Poznan, 20-22 September 1980. IV]. PMID- 6674858 TI - Malignant melanoma of the digestive system. PMID- 6674859 TI - The relation of asbestos burden to asbestosis and lung cancer. PMID- 6674860 TI - Forensic aspects of the highway crash. AB - It can be stated that patterns of injury in highway crashes can often be related to specific design and damage features of the vehicle. The restraint systems designed to attenuate injury may also, under severe crash circumstances, produce trauma. Problems may arise as to identification of vehicular drivers. It behooves the pathologist concerned with the necropsy of crash victims and the physician responsible for treating crash victims to become familiar with the pathogenesis of injuries. Such knowledge can be utilized in the recommendation for improvement of vehicles to render them more crashworthy. Awareness of the various mechanisms of injury in vehicle crashes also enhances the diagnostic skill of the initial treating physician when he or she is confronted with a crash victim in the emergency department. Ideally, when the victim arrives at the hospital, the emergency room physician should be supplied with the details of the crash including the type of vehicle, position within the vehicle, use or nonuse of restraint systems, and the direction of the impact. When a fatality results from a car crash, ideally the autopsy pathologist should inspect the vehicle or at least view pictures of the exterior and interior of the vehicle to help establish the pathogenesis of injury in a specific collision. Unfortunately, because of time constraints, this ideal is not always achieved. Because of the considerable volume of civil and criminal litigation resulting from highway crashes, there is a need for competent medical expertise to help both the plaintiff and the defendent. The pathologist involved in forensic work and the treating physician play a particularly important role in the judicial arena. PMID- 6674862 TI - Small airways disease and mineral dust exposure. PMID- 6674863 TI - The autopsy--illusion and reality. PMID- 6674861 TI - Tumor emboli in intramammary lymphatics in breast carcinoma: pathologic criteria for diagnosis and clinical significance. PMID- 6674864 TI - War of the words: classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 6674865 TI - Clinching the diagnosis: what would Osler say today? PMID- 6674866 TI - Test and teach. Number forty-three. Diagnosis: dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. PMID- 6674867 TI - Test and teach. Number forty-four. Diagnosis: strongyloidiasis. PMID- 6674868 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity to tetanus toxoid in man: in vivo and in vitro studies. AB - The frequency of positive delayed hypersensitivity skin test reactions to tetanus toxoid in 47 healthy volunteers was 80%. The frequency of immediate hypersensitivity was low (8%) and there was less discomfort than with streptokinase or PPD. There was good correlation between leukocyte migration inhibition and delayed hypersensitivity skin testing, and a quantitative relationship was demonstrated between diameter of cutaneous reaction and degree of leukocyte migration inhibition. No relationship was demonstrated between any measures of immune responsiveness and the interval from the last booster immunization. It was concluded that tetanus toxoid is a valuable antigen for assessment of delayed hypersensitivity in man. PMID- 6674869 TI - Gastric and esophageal brush cytology. AB - A review of gastric brush cytology from 488 patients and esophageal brush cytology from 108 patients over a 7-yr period was undertaken. 80 gastric brushings and 20 esophageal brushings were positive for malignancy. The microscopic appearances of the brush specimens are described and illustrated. Histological correlation was possible in 429 gastric and 85 esophageal brush cases and supported the validity of a positive cytological diagnosis. Brush cytology of the stomach and esophagus is a useful and reliable procedure which can improve the diagnostic yield of endoscopic examinations. PMID- 6674870 TI - Teratoid carcinosarcoma of the paranasal sinuses. AB - Malignant tumours with teratoid or blastomatous features are exceptionally rare in the upper respiratory tract with only 8 documented cases, including the 3 in this report. The tumours occurred in adults aged 27 to 62 yr, and the sites of origin were the ethmoid sinus (4 cases), ethmoid and other paranasal sinuses (2 cases), unspecified sinuses (1 case) and nasopharynx (1 case). The disease was rapidly fatal in 3 cases in which treatment was restricted to surgery and was associated with longer survivals in those given supportive radiotherapy. The tumours are locally aggressive and may invade soft tissues, bone, orbit and cranial cavity. Histologically, the tumours are characterized by a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal components including cellular elements with immature or embryonal characteristics. These tumours, variously termed malignant teratoma, blastoma, teratocarcinoma or teratoid carcinosarcoma, probably comprise a homogeneous group of neoplasms since their histological and biological features are essentially similar. It is postulated that the tumours develop from primitive embryonic tissues or pluripotential cells that have remained sequestered in the sinonasal tract. PMID- 6674871 TI - Malignant Schwannoma of cranial nerves. AB - The clinical presentation and histopathological features of 5 cases of malignant Schwannoma of cranial nerves are described. The ultrastructural appearances of one case and the pattern of nerve sheath cell differentiation of these tumours are also discussed. These uncommon tumours often are not diagnosed at initial presentation. Since the cases provide evidence that early diagnosis and surgical treatment are vital in the management of patients with this tumour criteria for its diagnosis are suggested. PMID- 6674872 TI - Histopathological and tissue culture studies of a melanizing cell line derived from a retinoblastoma. AB - Histological examination of the enucleated eye of a 7-mth-old child revealed a retinoblastoma with areas of rosette formation as well as focal areas of melanin pigmentation. Biopsy derived cells readily established a continuous cell line in liquid culture. The cells which have now been cultured continuously for over 3 yr, were shown to be malignant by being non-contact inhibitable, by readily forming colonies in semi-solid nutrient agar medium and by producing tumours in nude mice. When grown to the point of overcrowding in liquid culture the cells became heavily melanized. Electron microscopy of the melanized cultured cells showed the melanin to be contained in melanosomes. These findings suggest that retinoblastomas may be derived from bipotential primitive retinal cells which retain the capacity for both nuclear cell and pigment cell differentiation. Alternatively, separate malignant transformations may have occurred in each of 2 different progenitor cell types committed to a separate differentiation pathway. The clinical behaviour of this tumour has not differed from that expected of non pigmented retinoblastomas. PMID- 6674873 TI - A simplified colorimetric method for the measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin. AB - A colorimetric method for the measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin is described. The method is based on the detection of hydroxymethylfurfural liberated from the ketoamine-linked hexose of glycosylated hemoglobin. Rapid hydrolysis is achieved by heating at 120-124 degrees C under pressure, and simplification of the procedure enables the test to be performed in one disposable test tube. Standardization is by means of easily prepared lyophilized human hemoglobin preparations. The test has proven to be reliable and economical in routine use. PMID- 6674874 TI - Erythrocyte membrane fluidity in type 1 diabetes mellitus. AB - Erythrocyte membrane fluidity was determined in a group of type 1 diabetics in varying metabolic control. No difference in membrane fluidity, as measured by fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, was found between cells from diabetic subjects. In addition, no difference was detected in membrane phospholipid and cholesterol content or the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid in the diabetic subjects when compared to controls. The present study suggests that changes in erythrocyte membrane fluidity do not play a major role in the alterations of the physical properties of blood seen in type 1 diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6674875 TI - Hemoglobin Setif and in vitro pseudosickling noted in a family with co-existent alpha and beta thalassemia. AB - A Turkish Cypriot family was investigated for suspected heterozygous sickle cell disease, which had been reported in a maternal branch of the family resident in England. Two maternal grandparents were of African Negro origin. Pseudosickling was noted in members of the family who were found to have an abnormal hemoglobin fraction. This abnormal fraction proved to be Hemoglobin Setif (alpha 94 Asp leads to Tyr). Family studies demonstrated the presence of this hemoglobin in varying proportions in the mother and 2 of the 4 children. alpha and beta thalassemia traits are also present in several family members. PMID- 6674876 TI - Disinfection of human heart valve allografts with antibiotics in low concentration. AB - Antibiotic disinfection of allograft heart valves is now an established procedure. A new low-concentration, broad-spectrum mixture of antibiotics was formulated and used successfully to disinfect 58 of 60 human aortic and pulmonary valves after 48 h exposure at 4 degrees C. The antibiotics included were cefoxitin 240 mcg/ml, lincomycin 120 mcg/ml, polymyxin B 100 mcg/ml, vancomycin 50 mcg/ml and amphotericin B 25 mcg/ml. Microorganisms isolated from experimental tissue and from clinical valves before treatment were tested for sensitivity to these antibiotics and were found to be sensitive to one or more. One isolate of Pseudomonas spp. showed decreased sensitivity to polymyxin B, and was found to have a minimum bactericidal concentration of 70 mcg/ml. Results indicated this antibiotic mixture had superior antibacterial efficiency to that in routine clinical use for the past 13 yr. PMID- 6674877 TI - The susceptibility of renal arterial forks in rabbits to dietary-induced lipid deposition. AB - The major forks of the renal arteries from 21 rabbits fed a cholesterol supplemented diet for periods of 1-90 d were examined electron-microscopically to compare the changes in the stem of the renal arteries with those at the first main fork. Lipid accumulated preferentially in the intimal pads or cushions at the fork. Matrix vesicles diminished in number and appeared to be transformed into enlarged membrane-bound vacuoles with electron-translucent contents. Foam cells were observed particularly beneath the endothelium. The lipid in endothelial and smooth muscle cells differed from that in the foam cells, indicating the likelihood of a different metabolic response. Interstitial lipid resembled an infiltration of the matrix with separation of the mural constituents but was not associated with the increased cellular degeneration, the progressive accumulation of matrix vesicles or the augmentation of the dystrophic basement membrane changes prominent in spontaneous atherosclerosis. In the arterial stems of 2 rabbits fed cholesterol for 62 and 90 d respectively, interstitial lipid deposition occurred without intimal proliferation. PMID- 6674878 TI - Large parathyroid adenoma in a normocalcemic patient. AB - A large parathyroid adenoma was found in a patient who presented with a mass in the neck with, however, no overt evidence of hyperparathyroidism. The morphological features of this tumour are described. PMID- 6674879 TI - Clinching the diagnosis: 1. Iron deficiency and iron overload: serum ferritin and serum iron in clinical medicine. PMID- 6674880 TI - [Morphological and ultrastructural indicators of alcoholic hepatitis]. PMID- 6674882 TI - [Morphological changes in murine myocardium after combined administration of ethyl alcohol and chlordiazepoxide (elenium)]. PMID- 6674881 TI - [Effect of combined administration of diazepam and ethyl alcohol on the morphological picture of the rat liver]. PMID- 6674884 TI - [Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma]. PMID- 6674885 TI - Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML). PMID- 6674883 TI - [A case of peritoneal gliomatosis]. PMID- 6674886 TI - [Bone marrow involvement in non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas. Study of a biopsy case record]. PMID- 6674887 TI - [Colloid cysts of the third ventricle. Morphometric and histochemical study]. PMID- 6674888 TI - Hepatic arterialization after porto-caval shunt: an experimental morphometric study. PMID- 6674889 TI - Urinary cytology in the diagnosis of epithelial bladder tumors. A nine-year experience with cyto-histologic correlation in 643 cases. PMID- 6674890 TI - [A case of tumor calcinosis. Morphologic and histochemical aspects and histogenetic profile]. PMID- 6674891 TI - Periodic-acid-Schiff positivity in erythroblasts of children with iron-deficiency anemia. PMID- 6674893 TI - [Morris syndrome. Morphometric study of the testis and genealogic analysis of 6 cases]. PMID- 6674894 TI - [Endodermal sinus tumor. Report of 5 cases, one of them with paratesticular localization]. PMID- 6674892 TI - [Karyotype abnormalities in male subfertile sterility. Apropos of 318 cases]. PMID- 6674895 TI - [Spinal tumors: anatomo-clinical considerations on 197 cases, with special reference to site and to longitudinal localization]. PMID- 6674896 TI - [Hepatic lipofuscinosis caused by phenacetin abuse]. PMID- 6674897 TI - Congenital fibrosarcoma of the tongue. A case report. PMID- 6674898 TI - Urinary cytology of rhabdomyosarcoma in children. Report of two cases located in the urinary bladder and in the prostate. PMID- 6674900 TI - [Reproducibility of Lauren's classification in the diagnosis of gastric cancer]. PMID- 6674899 TI - Carcinoid tumors of the lung. Report of 66 cases. PMID- 6674901 TI - [New cases of the subclavian steal syndrome]. PMID- 6674902 TI - [Histological and ultrastructural observations in 15 cases of Dupuytren's disease]. PMID- 6674903 TI - [Caroli's disease. A report of recent cases]. PMID- 6674904 TI - [Renal adenomas. Clinical and prognostic aspects]. PMID- 6674905 TI - [Sudden cardiac death: an analysis of 151 cases]. PMID- 6674906 TI - Stage IIE diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma of the cervix. PMID- 6674908 TI - Amikacin doses in very low birthweight newborns. PMID- 6674909 TI - The accuracy of amikacin administration in neonates. PMID- 6674910 TI - Effect of phenobarbital treatment on erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in human newborns. AB - The effect of phenobarbital (PB) treatment on erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) levels was studied in normal and G-6-PD-deficient human newborns. An increase of erythrocyte G-6-PD levels was observed in normal G-6-PD patients, while increase in the enzymatic activity was not observed in G-6-PD deficient neonates. PMID- 6674907 TI - Absorption of orally administered gentamicin in infants with diarrhea. AB - The use of oral gentamicin in infantile diarrhea is recommended by some authors. However, no data are available concerning the gastrointestinal absorption of gentamicin in infants when the mucosa of the small intestine is damaged. In this study, plasma gentamicin concentrations were measured in 14 infants suffering from prolonged diarrhea and treated with oral gentamicin (mean dose: 17 mg/kg every 8 hr). Plasma gentamicin levels were determined serially following the oral dose. Although marked individual and erratic temporal variations existed, average plasma gentamicin concentrations were low and stable (0.31 +/- 0.12 micrograms/ml). A positive correlation was found between the duration of the diarrhea and plasma gentamicin concentrations (r = 0.59, P less than 0.05). It is theorized that the damage to the mucosa as it occurs in prolonged diarrhea allows the absorption of the polar gentamicin molecule. PMID- 6674911 TI - Pentobarbital in refractory status epilepticus. AB - Tonic-clinic status epilepticus, which is refractory to phenobarbital, phenytoin, and diazepam, may respond readily to a continuous infusion of pentobarbital. The efficacy of pentobarbital can be monitored at the bedside by electroencephalography. We report the clinical and electroencephalographic findings of two children who developed refractory tonic-clonic status epilepticus and responded to pentobarbital. PMID- 6674912 TI - Improved embryonic survival in the jaundiced female rat fed activated charcoal. AB - The effects of reducing plasma bilirubin concentrations, by feeding activated charcoal, on embryonic survival in the jaundiced female Gunn rat was studied. The feeding of charcoal was effective in reducing plasma bilirubin levels by as much as 40%. Improved embryonic survival was observed in the charcoal-fed female rats in which 58% of the time-mated females were pregnant at necropsy. This was compared to 0% for the control females. Forty-eight percent of the charcoal fed and 7% of the control females that were continuously mated produced a live litter. Necropsy observations showed that 41-58% of the fetuses were in some stage of resorption. These findings support the hypothesis of an adverse bilirubin effect on reproduction in the female Gunn rat. It is suggested that jaundice during pregnancy may result in a risk to the unborn fetus. PMID- 6674913 TI - Fluctuations in steady-state phenytoin concentrations as measured in saliva in children. AB - Data from two studies are reported. In the first, salivary concentrations were monitored hourly in epileptic children receiving phenytoin monotherapy, twice daily. The results indicated rapid drug absorption in the majority with time of maximum concentration occurring most frequently 1-5 hours following morning medication. A number of children showed moderate to large fluctuations in steady state drug concentrations during the day, and there was a mean peak-to-trough fluctuation of 52% over the group. In the second study, drug concentration data are reported from an ongoing investigation of phenytoin's behavioral effects. Medication was given before sampling on one day, whereas it was delayed until after sample collection on the alternate day. Results indicated that salivary concentrations were higher, for 38 of 41 subjects, on the expected-high day with an overall mean difference in drug concentration of 56% between the 2 days. These findings were discussed in terms of their implications for clinical management and the possible relation of drug concentrations to psychomotor function. PMID- 6674914 TI - Correlation between biochemical tests, parameters of drug elimination and hepatic enzyme induction in chronic liver diseases. AB - The biochemical liver function tests form an integral part of diagnostic practice in hepatology. In this study the parameters suited for the estimation of drug elimination and of the induced state of the liver, thus the excretion of D glucaric acid, of menthol glucuronide and the parameters of antipyrine and sulphadimidine kinetics were correlated with the results of biochemical laboratory tests in patients with chronic liver disease. The aim was to establish universally valid quantitative correlations between the above results. Multiple relationships were revealed, but generally valid correlations for the group of liver diseases occurred only in special relationships (serum albumin level and antipyrine T1/2; serum bilirubin level and sulphadimidine T1/2). The results have been evaluated from the methodological aspect to work out an appropriate dosage regime in liver diseases. PMID- 6674915 TI - Gastric acid and serum gastrin response to sham feeding, and the effect of cimetidine on the response to sham feeding in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - Sham feeding resulted in a significant increase of gastric acid secretion in 12 male patients with duodenal ulcer. No significant change in serum gastrin concentration was produced by sham feeding. Reproducibility of gastric acid response to sham feeding was very good (r = 0.74). The mean peak 30 min acid output amounted to 9.5 +/- 1.0 mmol/30 min following sham feeding. That was 46.5% of the 30 min peak acid output elicited by pentagastrin infusion administered in a dose of 1.5 micrograms/kg/h. Cimetidine in a dose of 2 mg/kg/h almost completely reduced (by 85%) the gastric acid secretion induced by sham feeding. Cimetidine did not cause any change in serum gastrin concentration during and after sham feeding. PMID- 6674916 TI - Microbiological findings and protein concentration in gastric juice. AB - From 17 patients subjected to pentagastrin test, 136 samples of gastric juice (fasting sample, basal secretion, fractions after stimulation) were collected. The concentration of the protein components (IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and albumin) in the fasting samples were in excess of those found in the basal secretion, but protein output (volume X concentration) was nearly identical in the two samples. The protein concentration of the fractions obtained in response to pentagastrin stimulation were too low to be measurable. According to correlation analysis, protein concentration in the gastric juice is primarily the function of the microbiological finding. The allergic effect of microorganisms in the gastric juice may give rise to an increase in its immunoglobulin and albumin concentrations. PMID- 6674917 TI - The effect of cytostatics on the intestinal absorption of D-xylose in patients with malignant lymphoma. AB - The absorption of D-xylose was studied in patients with malignant lymphoma treated with cytostatics according to C. O. P. protocol. It was found that the absorption of D-xylose decreased for 24-48 h after the administration of the drugs. Following the cytostatics therapy a temporary artificial malabsorption can be expected. PMID- 6674918 TI - Effect of aminoethyl-isothiuronium (AET) treatment on intestinal cell proliferation during ageing. AB - To establish whether aminoethyl-isothiuronium X bromide X hydrobromide (AET) treatment influenced intestinal cell proliferation during ageing, juvenile and aged female rats were treated with AET for a period of 20 days. Subsequent incorporation of 3H-thymidine was studied in the epithelial cells of the duodenal and jejunal crypts. It was found that after AET administration the major changes occurred in the duodenum, i.e. the number of the villous epithelial columnar cells were found to be elevated during senescence with a markedly higher level of mitotic numbers in the crypts. Changes were less in the ageing jejunum, here neither the cells nor the number of mitoses were as altered as those of the duodenal region. In general, the labelling indices of crypt cells increased in young ages after AET treatment. The findings can be explained by the role of AET with respect to nuclear metabolism. PMID- 6674919 TI - Pentagastrin analogues containing alpha-aminooxy acids. VII. Catabolism in vivo and in vitro of a pentagastrin analogue containing N-terminal aminooxyacetyl residue. AB - In rat, BOC-NHO-1-14C-Ac-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 (14C-I) is metabolised more slowly than BOC-1-14C-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 (14C-II). Of the cytosol fractions of the rat organs the lung and pancreas exhibited a lower activity in the catabolism of BOC-NHOAc-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 (I) than in that of BOC-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 (II). In contrast, the cytosol fractions of the dog's lung, small intestine and pancreas hydrolysed I at a faster rate than they hydrolysed II. PMID- 6674920 TI - Fifteen year follow-up of lung function in obstructive and non-obstructive pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - Pulmonary function (VC, FEV1, RV) was assessed in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis discharged in 1958/59 as cured or markedly improved. According to FEV1/VC% the patients were divided into 40 obstructive and 59 non-obstructive cases and the tests were repeated by the same method in 1974. The control included physical and X-ray examinations, a questionnaire and the assessment of airway resistance (Rt). In the non-obstructive group the change in VC in 15 years was only -27.7 ml/year, in the obstructive group, -54.3 ml/year. There was little difference between the two groups in the diminution of FEV1 (28.8 and 35.3 ml/year, respectively). The material was subdivided into surgically and drug treated groups and studied statistically. The only significant change of function in the surgically treated group was in RV, whereas in the other group nearly all of the functional changes were significant statistically. PMID- 6674921 TI - [Platelet aggregation and platelet and plasma fatty acid levels in the child with migraine. Apropos of 40 case reports]. AB - The authors have studied platelet aggregability in the presence of ADP and collagen in a population of 40 migrainous children between migraine attacks. They completed their investigations by a qualitative dosage in platelets and in plasma of fatty acids, precursors of prostaglandins, which are well known for their importance in platelet aggregation and vasculomotor reactions. This study was made in comparison with an equal number of controls chosen from the same age groups. The authors didn't find the hyperaggregability observed by other authors in grown-up populations. They noticed a light-but statistically significant diminution of linoleic acid in the platelets and in the plasma. A study based on observations does not entirely confirm for certain an alimentary origin. PMID- 6674922 TI - [Serum ferritin in premature infants]. AB - This study was carried out in twenty-two newborn of birthweight lower than 2 000 g at four and six weeks to determine normal values of serum ferritin in preterm infants and pathological factors who influenced this evolution. Serum ferritin was measured by a kit using a sandwich radioimmunometric method. Elevated values are found in the series of fifteen preterm infants without pathology, with a decreasing evolution. There is no difference in median values at four (266 +/- 91 ng/ml) and six (279 +/- 162) weeks. There is no correlation between serum ferritin values and gestational age nor with hemoglobin values. Serum ferritin values are elevated by inflammatory pathology, blood transfusions and in this case no represent stain pool. PMID- 6674925 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Acute pneumopathy with a pseudotumoral spherical radiologic image]. PMID- 6674923 TI - [Liver abscess in a newborn infant. Cure following percutaneous puncture under echographic control]. AB - In a six weeks old infant an hepatic abscess with several affected areas is diagnosed by ultrasonography confirmed by scintillation scanning. Closed percutaneous needle aspiration and antibiotherapy permitted a good outcome avoiding surgical drainage or excision. PMID- 6674926 TI - [Acute epiglottitis in children]. PMID- 6674924 TI - [Infectious endocarditis in the neonatal period]. AB - A case of bacterial endocarditis in a newborn without any congenital heart disease is reported. The clinical diagnosis was suspected on evolutive heart failure by mitral dysfunction with sepsis. T.M. mode echocardiography could detect only the valvular defects. Correlations between anatomic and echocardiographic findings allowed to discuss the limits of the method. Neonatal bacterial endocarditis is a rare event. Its diagnosis is difficult and its prognosis very poor. This affection must be prevented. PMID- 6674927 TI - [A new method of calculation of thyroid weight using computed tomography]. PMID- 6674928 TI - [A case suspected crossed fused renal ectopia]. PMID- 6674929 TI - [Tumor response and local control after radiation therapy of T1N0M0 glottic carcinoma]. PMID- 6674930 TI - [Venous invasion of the urogenital malignant tumors--CT and sonographic evaluations]. PMID- 6674931 TI - [The cyclic response to D-T neutrons of synchronous mouse fibroblast L5 cells]. PMID- 6674932 TI - [Computerized processing of temperature data in the hyperthermic treatment]. PMID- 6674933 TI - [Fundamental and clinical examination for ventilation study using non-radioactive xenon]. PMID- 6674934 TI - Heavy metals (cadmium, copper, lead and mercury) in common eiders (Somateria mollissima) from Denmark. AB - In an examination of 50 Danish common eiders, the liver and kidney content of cadmium, copper, lead and mercury was determined. Eiders were chosen for analysis, because this species feed almost exclusively on the common mussel (Mytilus edulis), which is known to accumulate heavy metals. The concentrations recorded of cadmium, copper, and mercury were lower than what is usually regarded as toxic for birds, except for one eider which carried more than 2000 mg copper/kg liver tissue (dry weight). Of the 42 eiders analysed for lead, four had toxic levels, i.e., more than 7 mg per kg liver wet weight, and two other had increased levels, i.e., 3-7 mg lead per kg liver wet weight. The mean Cd concentration was 3.3 mg/kg liver (ww). This means that by consumption of ab. 160 gram liver from the common eider, the weekly tolerable intake of cadmium suggested by FAO/WHO would be exceeded. PMID- 6674935 TI - Testicular feminization in the Finnish racoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides). AB - The clinical features of testicular feminization in the racoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) are reported. The condition is characterized by a normal male karyotype, but a mixed phenotype consisting of vulva, enlarged clitoris and scrotal testes. Partial spermatogenesis with a relative arrest at the first meiotic division was observed. The likely underlying genetic defect and mode of inheritance are discussed, together with implications for breeding programmes. PMID- 6674936 TI - The Wolff-Parkinson-White-syndrome. A rare ECG diagnosis in the dog. AB - A case of the rare heart disease Wolf-Parkinson-White-syndrome in the dog is described. ECG-findings typical of the syndrome are shortened P-R interval, widened QRS-complex with an initial delta-wave, and supraventricular tachycardia. Pre- (Fig. 1) and post-treatment (Fig. 2) ECG's are analyzed. Different kinds of treatment are discussed. PMID- 6674937 TI - Osteochondrotic changes in the vertebrae of four ataxic horses suffering from cervical vertebral malformation. AB - Ataxia caused by a focal compression of the cervical spinal cord was diagnosed in four young standardbred trotting horses. Diagnosis was verified by myelography. Changes in the cervical vertebral column were studied using microradiographic and histologic methods. In the vertebrae involved, there was irregularity of the cartilaginous growth zone, cracks with a loose fragment and disturbance in the enchondral ossification. These changes resemble osteochondrosis. Porous appearance in lateral and ventral funiculi as well as mural calcified plaques in the small vessels of the white matter were found in the spinal cord. PMID- 6674938 TI - [Changes in apolipoprotein B concentrations in various types of lipid metabolism disorders]. PMID- 6674939 TI - [Benign stomach neoplasms in autopsy material in the past 15 years]. PMID- 6674940 TI - [Epithelioid-cell sarcoma]. PMID- 6674942 TI - [How to teach medicine, how to educate a physician?]. PMID- 6674941 TI - [Reconstruction of the cervical esophagus using a free, secondarily vascularized intestinal transplant]. PMID- 6674943 TI - [ECG changes in the atrial complex heralding hyperexcitability-induced arrhythmia in patients with acute-phase myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6674944 TI - [Polycardiographic evaluation of cardiac efficiency in patients with chronic renal failure treated by repeated dialysis]. PMID- 6674945 TI - [Analysis of indications for nephrectomy based on the data of the Urology Department of the Wolski Hospital in Warsaw]. PMID- 6674946 TI - [Anuria in a patient treated with disopyramide for paroxysmal auricular fibrillation]. PMID- 6674947 TI - [Roentgenostructural phase analysis of urinary calculi. I. Introduction to the method]. PMID- 6674948 TI - [Nursing as the subject of academic studies throughout the world]. PMID- 6674949 TI - [The chest pain syndrome; differentiation from coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 6674950 TI - [Hemodynamic effect of prazosin in patients with aortic and mitral valve insufficiency]. PMID- 6674951 TI - [Case of latent functional sinoatrial block II of the Wenckebach type with syncope attacks]. PMID- 6674952 TI - [Drugs inhibiting the slow transport of calcium ions through the cytoplasmic membrane of myocytes]. PMID- 6674953 TI - [Selected problems of etiopathogenesis, clinical aspects and treatment of Hodgkin's disease in children]. PMID- 6674954 TI - [Analysis of recurrences of Hodgkin's diseases in children]. PMID- 6674956 TI - [Clinical analysis of thrombocytosis]. PMID- 6674955 TI - [Splenectomy due to hematological indications. Results and complications]. PMID- 6674957 TI - [Hypersplenism as a symptom of recurrence of Hodgkin's disease in a boy with congenital immunoglobulin deficiency]. PMID- 6674958 TI - [Pancytopenia and immunologic disorders in Weber-Christian disease]. PMID- 6674959 TI - [Geriatric pharmacology]. PMID- 6674960 TI - [Propranolol pharmacokinetics in elderly persons]. PMID- 6674961 TI - [Effect of troxerutin on platelet aggregation in patients with arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 6674962 TI - [Selective denervation of the gastric corpus and fundus in the treatment of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6674963 TI - [5 years' results of prospective clinical studies on the treatment of duodenal ulcer by vagotomy or denervation of the gastric corpus and fundus]. PMID- 6674964 TI - [Proteolytic activity of blood serum in patients with surgically treated duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6674965 TI - [Occurrence of various types of pathological changes in the gastric mucosa and preliminary analysis of the incidence of intestinal metaplasia in relation to sex and age]. PMID- 6674966 TI - [A case of intestinal tuberculosis complicated by obstruction]. PMID- 6674967 TI - [Radiological changes in a child with fetal alcohol syndrome]. AB - A congenital alcoholic syndrome (CAS) belongs to rarely diagnosed embryopathies . It consists of polysymptomatic misdevelopings in numerous organs of the fetus caused by alcoholic abuse through the mother during the pregnancy. The diagnosis of the CAS is established on the basis of following topics: the anamnesis confirming the chronic alcoholism of baby's mother, the excluding of congenital genetic defects and intrauterine infections as well as qualitative and quantitative feeding deficits. In the differential diagnosis should be taken congenital cranial and facial dysmorphies which are most often seen in many syndromes such as: Pierre-Robin, Treacher-Collins, Weyer , Franceschetti - Zwahlen . In the presented paper there is described one case of the CAS observed during 15 months clinically and radiologically. PMID- 6674968 TI - [Effect of 2450 MHz microwaves on the fertility of Swiss female mice]. AB - The effect of repeated expositions to 2450 cm2 microwaves at power densities of 10 or 40 mW/cm2 on fecundity of female Swiss mice was investigated. After microwave irradiations during whole pregnancy mice were allowed to have offsprings. On the day of birth litters were inspected, the number of pups noted. 30 days later female mice were mated with males for the second time and after delivery the litters were controlled, offsprings were counted. The size of first and second litters were compared. The size of second litters of irradiated animals were compared with controls. We concluded, that microwave repetitive exposure of female mice in presented conditions does not result in impaired fecundity measured as a litter size. PMID- 6674969 TI - [Survival and physical development of progeny of Swiss mice after 2450 Mhz microwave irradiation during pregnancy]. AB - The influence of prenatal repetitive 2450 MHz microwave irradiation of Swiss mice on postnatal survival and development was investigated. The animals were divided after mating into experimental and control groups and irradiated at power densities of 10 or 40 mW/cm2 at various periods of gestation. The pregnant females were allowed to deliver at term and feed their offsprings. Size of the litters and body mass of springs were checked on the 4th, 12th day of life. In progeny delivered by females irradiated at 40 mW/cm2 during the second half of pregnancy lowered increments of body mass before the 12th day of life was noted. We observed as well the lower size of litters delivered by females irradiated in the same conditions during the first half of pregnancy. PMID- 6674970 TI - [Development of murine embryos and fetuses after irradiation with 2450 MHz microwaves]. AB - Microwave radiation has been reported to produce adverse effects in a variety of biological systems. We attempted to estimate the influence of repeated expositions to 2450 MHz microwaves at power densities of 10 or 40 mW/cm2 on murine (Swiss) embryos and fetuses development. Mated females were divided into groups and irradiated in various periods of pregnancy. Control animals were placed in the anechoic chamber for similar periods of time. In the 4th day of gestation part of animals were killed, number, phase of development and morphology of embryos after their washing out from uterus were noted. Among embryos obtained from dames irradiated at 40 mW/cm2 (whole body MW hyperthermia) the lower percent of blastulas was counted while more embryos were in the phase of 2-8 blastomers . This suggests retardation of development in the early period of gestation in mice exposed to thermal MW fields. The other part of animals from experimental and control groups were killed on the 19th day of gestation. The fetuses and placentas were removed, weighed, the morphology of fetuses was evaluated. In mice exposed to microwaves at 40 mW/cm2 during the second half of pregnancy increased number of resorptions, stillbirths and internal hemorrhages was noted. The living fetuses had lowered body mass compared to the offsprings of sham-irradiated mice. PMID- 6674971 TI - [Clinical value of the fetoplacental ratio]. AB - Scientific interest in the placenta derives not only from its enormous diversity of form and function but also from the unique metabolic, endocrine and immunologic properties. The steady increase in size and weight of the placenta throughout pregnancy has been investigated in the large number of studies. The data obtained from weighing the placenta vary considerably, depending upon how the placenta is prepared. If membranes and mass of the cord are left attached and adherent maternal blood clot is not removed, the weight is increased by nearly 50 percent. In our study we tried to asses the value of the feto-placental ratio and to correlate the weight of placenta with the other data obtained during pregnancy and labour and with outcome of pregnancy. A group of 1010 patients was assessed. The data obtained these patients were correlated with the length of pregnancy, the body weight of the baby and the status of the newborn estimated by Apgar score in 1 and 5 min. The feto-placental ratio was significantly affected by the length of pregnancy and the status of the newborn. Another comparisons were made with the medical illnesses during pregnancy, i. g. H--Gestosis, renal diseases and the cholestasis of pregnancy. PMID- 6674972 TI - [Morphological evaluation of postnatal development of the rat ovary]. AB - Follicular development represents one of the essential functions of the ovary. It was done a lot of various classifications including kinetics or morphometry of growing follicles. All these experiments were carried on adult animals and so very little was known about developing follicles in youngs. In the view of this, we decided to investigate the postnatal development of rat ovary. Ovaries from rats between 14-84 days were examined; our own modification was used for classification of follicles, the number of each type of follicles and their diameter was counted, the number of granulosa cells in small growing follicles was noted and diameter of luteal cell and its elements in luteal body in which ovulation took place, were described. PMID- 6674973 TI - [Environmental and occupational factors in the development of congenital malformations]. AB - Teratology has grown from a little known discipline to a discipline embracing a vast accumulation of literature on experimental studies in many animal forms. Emphasis has shifted from preoccupation with descriptions of anatomical defects to concern about subtle and interacting causative factors. The aim of this work is to assemble a source of facts, concepts, methods and references within the broad scope of teratology. Our review summarizes reports of teratogenic effects in mammals. The major intent of this work, however, has been to introduce into a field of teratology. Special attention has been paid to the relation of animal studies to the problem in man and to the interactions between teratogens and environmental variables. We present a number of illustrative examples of various kinds of interactions that may occur and their possible significance. Striking degrees of potentiative interactions have been demonstrated in laboratory animals when two or more compounds were used simultaneously at doses at or below the threshold level for teratogenicity of the same compound when applied singly. We propose the name coteratogenesis for the agents which are not teratogenic but which aggravate teratogenicity of the other factors known as teratogens. PMID- 6674974 TI - [Biochemical and morphological studies of cells of the corpus uteri mucosa in women with risk of uterine cancer]. AB - On basis of the investigations authors found out that threat of cancerous process is related to increasingly growing disturbances in tissue trophics in disturbances in the process of growth and differentiation of glandular cells of mucosa of uterine corpus as well as increased capacity of cytoplasmic receptor to estrogen and elevated fibrinolytic activity of endometrium. PMID- 6674975 TI - [A model of the prevention of malignant female genital neoplasms introduced into the gynecological health services in the Bialystok macroregion]. AB - The authors have presented model of prophylaxis of female genital organ cancers introduced into the practice of obtained and gynaecological health service in Bia l ystok macroregion . It was emphasized the significance of particular methods components of mentioned above model to proper function of this model. The results were analysed and compared with the mortality rate trends. PMID- 6674976 TI - [Early complex rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy]. AB - The aim of a study was to evaluate health, psychological and social problems related to rehabilitation of cerebral palsy children (c.p. children). The study was based on 30 children c.p. who after diagnosis underwent systematic complex rehabilitation. Half of the children was under observation in outpatient clinics and their parents played the role of physiotherapeutists another half of the children apart from ambulatory kind of rehabilitation was hospitalized periodically in rehabilitation centres. Each half year all the children underwent control examinations of physical and motor development (including evaluation of postural and righting reflexes) as well as of psycho-motor development. Environmental conditions, parental attitudes towards examined children taking into consideration their evolution were also evaluated. The therapeutic team consisting of a paediatrician, neurologist, psychologist, physiotheraupeutist and psychiatrist took advantage of these examinations in psychotherapy of parents. Observation period of children was from 1:6 to 3 years. Age when rehabilitation was initiated was below 20 months of life. It was observed that result are influenced mainly by the degree of neurological disorders not by the conditions of rehabilitation. There are differences with regard to motor efficiency between rehabilitation at home and in rehabilitation center. Treatment at home has a better effect upon psychomotor development of children with more serious developmental disorders. Infections of upper respiratory tract are more rare in this group of children. There are two reasons why children in preschool age should be recommended for sanatorium treatment: medical indication e.g. operation and social indications. PMID- 6674977 TI - [Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in families with neural tube defects]. AB - An analysis of 141 families with children with neural-tube defects was performed. The families were consulted in the Department of Genetics, the Institute of Mother and in Child the period between 17.01.1978 and 29.02.1980. The family histories were obtained from the parents. The diagnosis was established on the basis of autopsy data and/or medical records. In cases of multiple congenital malformations coexisting with a neural-tube defect the precise diagnosis of the syndrome was established after a thorough search of the medical literature. Analysis of the material, showed that in 10 families (6,5%) neural-tube defect was associated with other malformations. There were 5 cases of sporadic syndromes (cloacal extrophy-2, aberrant tissue bands-2, sacrococageal teratoma-1), 3 families with Meckel's syndrome and 2 cases in which the nature of the syndrome was not determined. In 131 families the neural-tube defect was isolated and multifactorial inheritance was assumed (table VII). 113 families were given information about the cause of malformation, risk of recurrence, possibility of prenatal diagnosis and indications for amniocentesis (estimation of alpha foetoprotein in amniotic fluid). After receiving genetic counseling and being fully informed about prenatal diagnosis the parents were asked about their procreative plans and their attitude to amniocentesis. Out of these families 74,3% planned next pregnancy (table IX), 57,6% wanted to have prenatal diagnosis (table VI). 131 family histories (probands with isolated neural-tube defect) were reviewed to determine recurrence risk for relatives. The recurrence risk for sibs was found to be: 4,9% (table III) and was higher than the expected risk (3,4%) from the population incidence of neural-tube defects in Poland (1, 15/1000 births including stillbirths). The recurrence risk for second and third degree relatives was found to be 0,1% (table IV) and 0,3% (table V) respectively. PMID- 6674978 TI - [Evaluation of hearing in children with an isolated cleft of the secondary palate]. AB - Examinations of hearing and middle ears has been estimated in 101 children at the age from 2 to 13 years with cleft defect of the face, as a isolated cleft of secondary palate. All the children were under treatment at the Surgery Clinic for Children and Jouth of the Institut for Mother and Child. Hearing impairment of conductive type has been found in 53% (percent) of the children taken for treatment and inflammation of the middle ear in 64%. PMID- 6674979 TI - [Selected problems in the rehabilitation of young children with severe hearing loss]. AB - The aim of the work was an analysis of the causes of difficulties in the rehabilitation of children with profound hearing loss. A theoretical basis of this analysis is the assumption that rehabilitation effects are determined by factors related to the system of care of the deaf child, diagnostic possibilities, and psychophysical properties of the child. The reported analysis was carried out in a material of 232 children aged up to 3 years, treated at the Audiology Outpatient Clinic of the Institute. The following factors were found of great importance in the analysis of difficulties in rehabilitation: care-system applied to the child with a profound hearing loss, diagnosis of the hearing impairment, type of a central nervous system disfunctions . PMID- 6674980 TI - [Sexual dimorphism of the somatic characteristics of Warsaw's children and adolescents in the light of secular trends]. AB - Somatic development of two populations of Warsaw children and adolescents aged 3 18 years examinated in 1958/59 and 1976/80 years was compared. The following anthropometric measurements were taken into consideration: height, weight, trunk length, lower extremity length, biacromial diameters, chest breadth, chest depth, chest circumference and subscapular skinfold. Secular trend strongly expressed in boys than in girls was observed. The differences in age groups and certain somatic characteristic were found. PMID- 6674982 TI - [Perineal topometry of male newborn infants in the surgical treatment of anal and rectal defects]. AB - The aim of this work was to designate the place of the anus on the perineum with topometric method. The examinations were carried out on 100 healthy male newborns, born in time. Five basic diameters of perineum were determined: anal symphyseal distance, anal-phallic, anal-scrotal distance, anal-coccygeal distance and transversal dimension of perineum. The material was examined taking into consideration body weight, body length and weight-growth index. Dimensions of perineum most useful to pointing out the location of the anus in case of impotency are: anal-coccygeal distance and anal-scrotal distance. The above dimensions show the greatest relation to male newborns weight. PMID- 6674981 TI - [Surgical treatment of epispadias]. AB - The anatomy and pathophysiology of epispadic urethra and bladder is presented. The operative procedures used for correction of the genital deformity and coexisting incontinence are described. The controversial points concerning the staging of procedures, the choice of optimal time and technic is discussed, with the results reported in recent series. In the Surgical Clinic of the Institute of Mother and Child 15 children with epispadias were treated during 1969-1979. There were 12 males and 3 females. 13 children had complete peno -pubic epispadias, with prolapse of bladder mucosa in two of them. Thery were totally incontinent. Amongst two boys with partial penile deformity 1 had bladder control. IVP showed no abnormalities, excluding solitary kidney in one boy. Cystography revealed wide bladder neck and short urethra with dilation of its posterior part; transient vesico-ureteral reflux was observed in 2 patients. Two children with prolapsing bladder mucosa were operated on when 6 and 14 months old. The age of remaining 13 children at the time of surgery was: between 3,5 and 6 years in 7, 6-9 years in four, the oldest two were 10 and 12. The Cantwell -Young reconstruction of the urethera was usually performed, with mobilizing of corpora cavernosa. In 5 children it was combined with wedge resection of anterior bladder neck and in 4 with infra-pubic wedge excision of dilated anterior urethera and Mayo plasty of external sphincter. The Young- Dees operation was performed twice, as a secondary procedure for treatment of total incontinence. During follow up the gradual improvement of bladder control was observed. Continence was achieved in 5, including 2 children after Young- Dees plasty. 3 children have stress incontinence, another 3 are dry at night and at rest, but wet during normal activities, 1 is totally incontinent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6674983 TI - [Selected measurements of the skull in children with cleft defects of the face]. AB - In available literature there are many controversion ablut influence of cleft of face on her development. In 48 children with cleft palate and in 45 children with Pierre Robin syndrome on estimated the next measurements: a) the lenght of the skull, b) the length of the anterior fossa cranii , c) the relative length of the maxilla, d) the height of the face, e) the relative length of mandible, f) the angle of the mandible. In children with Pierre-Robin syndrome there was decreased the length of mandible and the length of the anterior fossa cranii and increased the height of face. In children with cleft palate there was decreased the lenght of the maxilla. PMID- 6674984 TI - [Diameter of the external urethral meatus in boys]. AB - The urethral meatus caliber was evaluated in 368 boys from 0 to 14 years. The material was divided into 8 age groups. The length and circumference of penis, height and weight were also measured in each investigated patient. Arithmetic mean of urethral meatus caliber was calculated in two-years' age intervals. The relationship between the meatus caliber and other body parameters has been analysed. The equations of linear regression of meatal caliber according to the length and circumference of penis have been established. The urethral meatus caliber in investigated boys ranged from 8 to 23 Charr . This size was increasing gradually according to the age of patients. The highest correlation was found out between the meatus caliber and the length of penis. PMID- 6674985 TI - [A few remarks on the subject of correct planning of epidemiologic studies]. AB - The paper presents some problems on the planning of epidemiological studies. The definition of epidemiology is related to medicine, statistics, sociology, demography and other branches of science. Different types of epidemiological studies are enumerated (descriptive, analytical and experimental epidemiology, retrospective and prospective analysis). In the plan of epidemiological studies fifteen stages are distinguished and described. Special attention is given to the aim and object of research, sources of data, methods and techniques of evaluation, presentation and the analysis of results. The consequences of working without plan or with incomplete and wrong plan are presented. The authors suggest how to develop modern epidemiology in Poland. PMID- 6674987 TI - [Osteogenesis of the rat mandible during development]. AB - The author studied the mandibular osteogenesis process in Wistar rats during extrauterine development using macroscopic and microscopic investigations. Macroscopic investigations were carried out on rats aged 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 70 days, for establishing changes in the structure of the mandible and its elements, and autoradiographic determination of the sites of increased osteogenetic activity using Cr-51 chromium was obtained. Microscopic investigations were carried out in rats aged 1 and 5 days. The purpose of these investigations was a study of the morphological structure of the mandible, autoradiographic demonstration of the sites of increased cellular proliferation using 3H thymidine in rats aged 1 day, and osseous matrix formation in rats aged 1 and 5 days using 3H proline. The reported investigations showed that the periosteum and perichondrium were the source of mandibular bone formation. Proliferation of the cartilage of the condylar process and coronoid process occurs from the side of the perichondrium covering both these processes. This type of cartilage growth differs from the growth of the cartilage on the anterior part of mandibular corpus which showed additionally evidence of enchondral proliferation of cells. The process of osteogenesis was most active in the mandibular processes, anterior part of the mandibular corpus and the sites of attachments of muscles. This finding is explained as a result of function influence on the growing mandible. The results of macroscopic autoradiography performed with Cr-51 were confirmed by microscopic examinations. PMID- 6674986 TI - [Methods used in the diagnosis and treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma]. AB - The authors present their own clinical material of 74 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in children, treated in the years 1962-1980. The analysis consists of generally used methods of diagnosis and treatment. Diagnosis was made on the base of clinical, radiological and pathological examination. Treatment was established after stagging qualification and after actually used methods. The treatment based on surgery, radiotherapy, and simple drug chemotherapy was giving bad prognosis and good results was obtained in single cases only. Significant improvement in the results was obtained after multidrug chemotherapy introduced into combined treatment (40%). PMID- 6674988 TI - [Selected morphological features of the rat liver 2-97 days of life]. AB - Examination of rat liver (Wistar strain) led us to distinguish 3 periods of its morphological development. The differences concerned the development hepatocyte cytoplasm and trabecular liver structure. The particularly essential period was observed between 21-42 days after birth; when cytoplasm capacity had the highest rate. PMID- 6674989 TI - [Growth and maturation of children of normal short stature in the light of selected auxological determinants]. AB - In longitudinal complex auxological studies of healthy short stature children in the first decade of life the authors analyse the dynamics of height velocity and growth rate of 11 somatic patterns with skeletal maturation of the hand and wrist as well as the influence of some genetic, paragenetic and biological determinants (morbidity). They find that the degree of stature deficit is on the same level during the period of observation (5-10 years) with slow growth rate in some of the analysed anthropological parameters. The delay of skeletal maturation typical for children under study is coexistent with a number of minor anomalies of hands and wrists which are more frequent than in healthy normal children. These minor anomalies are more frequent in boys than in girls. The analysed paragenetic determinants seem not to be significant, however there exists a strong association between the short stature of mothers and children under study. Moreover a higher morbidity of respiratory tracts is observed in short stature children than in general population. PMID- 6674990 TI - [Centile charts of body height, body weight and skinfold thickness of Warsaw's children and adolescents from birth to 18 years of age]. AB - The tables and centile charts of height, weight and thickness of 3 skinfolds of Warsaw children from birth up to the age of 18 are presented. The data was collected in the years 1976-80. The results were compared with the data of the 60s for Warsaw children and with present figures for urban children from other towns of Poland. The acceleration of growth of Warsaw children has been established and it was stated that they were the tallest of all Polish children. PMID- 6674991 TI - [Centile values of annual increments in 12 somatic features in Warsaw's children from 4 to 11 years of age]. AB - In a longitudinally followed series of Warsaw children from good socioeconomic conditions 12 anthropometrical traits increments were calculated during the period from 4 to 11 years of life at 1 year intervals. Number of children in age groups ranges from 73 to 104. On the basis of these results were calculated the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of annual growth velocity. Height and weight velocity is expressed in the form of centile charts. The results are compared with those obtained in series of Polish children born in 1953 and also of British and Swedish children. PMID- 6674992 TI - [Level and characteristics of the psychosomatic development of children from nurseries]. AB - The authors describe the results of longitudinal complex investigations carried out in the years 1976-80 for estimating the psychomotor development, somatic development and health status of 370 children aged 12-36 month in Warsaw's cr eches . The level of psychomotor development exept language was good in children under study and depended on the psycho-educational level of personnel. The analysis of anthropological traits showed the higher value of children under study as compared with standard values (secular trend). High morbidity were also found in children from cr eches . PMID- 6674993 TI - [Self concept of obese children]. AB - The author observed 58 obese and 28 control children aged from 7,7 to 15,1. Every child had drawn two pictures, the first presenting ideal body figure and the second--his (her) own portrait. There were differences between obese and control groups. It was found that 63% of obese children had a wrong estimation of her (his) own portrait. The study showed that they underestimated their figures, because they are not able to make critical selfestimation (very young children) or they do not realize their obesity. They prefer to show themselves without unpopular obesity. The investigation may be helpful in recognition of the children's attitude to their obesity, which assures the success in therapy. PMID- 6674995 TI - [Experience in organizing antituberculosis measures concerning cattle breeders]. PMID- 6674996 TI - [Experience in organizing homestead visits for the purpose of detecting lung pathology in rural population]. PMID- 6674994 TI - [Personality disorders in adolescents]. AB - The aim of the study was the investigation of symptoms and origin of the disturbances in personality development of adolescents. The group of 50 patients (22 girls and 28 boys aged from 14 to 20 years) of the Young People's Unit and Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Child and Youth Psychiatry of the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw were examined. The study consists of the psychiatric, psychological and sociological types of investigation. The following methods were used in the study: the standard methods of the clinical investigation, Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, R. B. Cattell, M. Choynowski and M. Nowakowska 's 16 PF; A. Roe and M. Siegelman 's "My Father" and "My Mother" questionnaires; E. S. Schaefer and R. Q. Bell's Parental Attitude Research Instrument and E. Kobia lka's Family Environmental Questionnaire. The control group was formed in the method of pairs and was investigated in the same way as patients. After the detailed analysis of the data, the final conclusions were formed. They are as follows: In the clinical picture of disturbances of the development of patients personality, the conduct disorders prevailed. The suicidal and parasuicidal behaviour occurred in 1/3 of the patients. Also the depressive and other neurotic symptoms took place. The intelligence level was average and dull normal. The following personality features were established: emotional instability, guilt proness , low self- sentiment , high ergic tension (both sexes); protension ( suspection jealous ), shrewdness (girls) and threat sensitive (boys). Patients attitudes toward both parents were disturbed and unfavourable for normal personality development. The declared mothers attitudes toward patients were also unfavourable for development of mature personality. The general family environment (also living standard) was significantly worse in the criterion group. It should be stressed in conclusion, that the results of the study showed among others that the disturbed family hinder the development of adjustment mechanisms, mainly of the adjustment to the small group, which are essential for the normal personality functioning. PMID- 6674997 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases associated with inactive tuberculosis in a rural regional hospital]. PMID- 6674999 TI - [Tasks of improving antituberculosis care of the rural population]. PMID- 6674998 TI - [Tuberculosis in adolescents]. PMID- 6675000 TI - [Course of coniotuberculosis in coal mine workers]. PMID- 6675001 TI - [Pulmonary tuberculosis and tobacco smoking]. PMID- 6675002 TI - [Intravenous injection of isoniazid and PAS twice weekly to outpatients with tuberculosis in rural areas]. PMID- 6675003 TI - [M. xenopi mycobacterioses in humans caused and sources of these mycobacteria]. PMID- 6675004 TI - [Evaluation of the hepatotoxicity of isoniazid using the bromsulphalein test in animal experiments]. PMID- 6675005 TI - [Pathomorphism as a problem of clinical pathology]. PMID- 6675006 TI - [Genetic processes in mycobacteria]. PMID- 6675007 TI - [Goodpasture's syndrome developing in a patient with silicotuberculosis]. PMID- 6675009 TI - [Diseases presenting as tuberculosis of the female genital organs]. PMID- 6675008 TI - [Goodpasture's syndrome associated with tuberculosis of the adrenal glands]. PMID- 6675011 TI - Chemical taxonomy, molecular biology, and function of plant lectins. Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by E.Y Laboratories, May 31-June 3, 1983, Asilomar, California. PMID- 6675010 TI - Current genetic and biological approaches to alcoholism. AB - Three out of 4 adoption and 2 out of 3 twin studies imply a genetic contribution to alcoholism in males. A recent study of moderate drinking in male twins suggests that familial factors account for some two-thirds of the variance in alcohol consumption, and that the genetic component slightly outweighs the effects of the within family culture. There has been little support for the notion of a genetic entity which expresses itself as alcoholism in males and depressive illness in females, but among normal male twins anxiety and depression are genetically correlated with alcohol consumption. Increased liability to form acetaldehyde and the potentially additive tetrahydroisoquinolines could be one factor predisposing to alcoholism but human studies have been less convincing than their animal counterparts. PMID- 6675012 TI - Binding of adenine and cytokinins to lima bean and other legume lectins. PMID- 6675013 TI - The possible role of lectins in mediating plant cell-cell interactions. PMID- 6675014 TI - Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins and lectins in the defense of plants. PMID- 6675015 TI - Fungal spores are agglutinated by proteins and adhere to bean hypocotyls due to nonspecific binding. PMID- 6675016 TI - Distribution and properties of the Dolichos biflorus lectins: a model system for exploring the role of lectins in plants. PMID- 6675017 TI - Trifoliin A: a Rhizobium-recognition lectin in white clover roots. PMID- 6675019 TI - Soybean lectin: does it have an essential role in the rhizobium-soybean symbiosis? PMID- 6675018 TI - Structural homologies of some leaf and seed lectins. PMID- 6675020 TI - Lectins and lectin binders (receptors) from plants. PMID- 6675021 TI - Structural subclasses of lectins from leguminous plants. PMID- 6675022 TI - Structure and expression of soybean lectin genes. PMID- 6675023 TI - Evidence for structuring of water in growing oocytes: an X-ray microanalysis and nuclear magnetic resonance study. AB - Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis measured the Na, K, Cl, P, Mg, S and Ca contents (mM/kg dry weight) in the nucleus and yolk-free cytoplasm of growing Xenopus laevis oocytes quick frozen in the ovary. Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of T2, the transverse relaxation time of water protons, were obtained on small immature oocytes and on large, fully grown oocytes. Changes in the nucleus and cytoplasmic content were observed for all elements except for Ca. Nuclear/cytoplasmic macroscopic gradients of K, Cl, Na, and Mg increase with growth. The T2 times of large oocytes were found to be shorter than those of small oocytes. The data in this report further support the hypothesis that intraoocytic water and elements do not exist in an ideal dilute solution and that changes in the states of water and elements occur during oocytic growth. PMID- 6675024 TI - A fluorescent probe for the active site of bovine trypsin. AB - The compound 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-(N-beta-ethylamine hydrochloride) sulfonamide (compound III) has a structure that is appropriate for binding to the active site of trypsin. It also has the property of fluorescence when in a nonpolar environment such as when bound to trypsin. Kinetic studies show that compound III competitively inhibits the trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of L-alpha-N Benzoylarginine-p-nitroanilide (L-BAPNA) with a KI' of 3.6 X 10(-4)M at pH 8.1. The fluorescence enhancement of III when bound to bovine trypsin further confirms the existence of a hydrophobic specificity region within the active site of trypsin. The pH dependence of the fluorescence of compound III with trypsin was also determined. PMID- 6675026 TI - Contrast enhancement in NMR imaging by selection of radiofrequency pulse sequence and time: examples in demyelinating disease. PMID- 6675027 TI - Cold injury-induced swelling of brain and other tissues: its molecular mechanism. AB - Isolated mouse brain, kidney, and other tissues were incubated for from one to several days at 4 degrees C in isotonic solutions containing varying mixtures of sucrose and NaCl (or Na2SO4, LiCl, Li2SO4, MgSO4). The ischemic, cold-injured tissues swelled in proportion to the concentration of NaCl or LiCl. They swelled less in Na2SO4 and Li2SO4 and they swelled even less and/or shrank in MgSO4 or sucrose. It was shown that in the presence of about 100 mM NaCl, the degree of swelling follows inversely the level of ATP present in the cells. The data were interpreted using the theory of cell swelling based on the association-induction hypothesis: NaCl- and LiCl-induced swelling in injured tissues and KCl-induced swelling in normal tissues, were both explained as the consequence of the dissociation of the volume-restraining effects of salt linkages among cell proteins. The depletion of ATP and the consequent increase of electron density or c-value of the fixed anionic groups turns NaCl (ineffective in causing swelling of normal tissues) into a fully effective agent for causing swelling of the injured tissues. PMID- 6675025 TI - Classification of potentially toxic chemicals based on their effects on mitochondrial respiration. AB - The classification of potentially toxic chemicals including environmental pollutants was made with respect to state 3 and state 4 respiration of mitochondria. The concentration of certain metals for 50% inhibition of respiratory control index (RCI; state 3/state 4) was lower than that of organic compounds tested. Various chemicals including environmental pollutants were classified into four groups by combination of effects on state 3 and state 4 respiration. PMID- 6675029 TI - Microwave enhancement of membrane conductance in snail neurons: role of temperature. AB - Microwave irradiation with 2450 MHz of Helix aspersa neurons causes a decrease of membrane resistance at 8 degrees C and 21 degrees C but not at 28 degrees C. PMID- 6675030 TI - Noise-modulated-microwave-induced response in snail neurons. AB - Helix aspersa neurons were irradiated with noise-amplitude-modulated microwaves (carrier frequency 2450 MHz, 20% AM, 0-20 kHz, specific absorption rate 6.8 and 14.4 mW/g). It was found that such an exposure caused an appearance of high frequency bursts and a rise in membrane resistance. PMID- 6675028 TI - Evidence that Na+ in a sulfonate ion exchange resin exists in an adsorbed state. Its significance for the interpretation of NMR data in resins and cells. AB - The concentrations of total Na+ and of free Na+ were measured in solutions of Na+ polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS). Free Na+ was determined using a Na+-sensitive glass electrode having a high degree of specificity for Na+. In a 5% PSS solution, 80% or more of the Na+ was not detected by the glass electrode and was adsorbed specifically onto the anionic sulfonate groups. The degree of adsorption increased with an increase in the concentration of PSS. These results were discussed in regard to the interpretation of NMR studies of Na+ in the cross linked PSS resins (Dowex 50) and in living cells. The results show that the quadrupolar splitting of the Na+ NMR signal is caused by specific ionic adsorption onto fixed anionic sites and not by a diffuse charge gradient extending over large distances. PMID- 6675031 TI - Science fraud--a review of Broad and Wade: Betrayers of the Truth: Fraud and Deceit in the Halls of Science. PMID- 6675032 TI - Studies on the physical state of water in living cells and model systems. IV. Freezing and thawing point depression of water by gelatin, oxygen-containing polymers and urea-denatured proteins. AB - Using a differential scanning calorimeter, we studied the freezing and thawing behavior of solutions of six globular proteins (hemoglobin, bovine serum albumin, gamma-globulin, beta-lactoglobulin, egg albumin, and protamine sulfate); gelatin; and three synthetic polymers (polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinylmethylether (PVME), and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)]. The native globular proteins in concentrations up to 50% produced no major change of the freezing temperature of the bulk phase water, or of the shape of the freezing peaks. In contrast, the synthetic polymers caused a lowering of the freezing temperature and a widening of the freezing peaks; the peaks disappeared at the highest macromolecular concentration and exothermic peaks appeared during subsequent warming (warming exothermic peak or WEX). Gelatin behaved like the three polymers and so did the globular proteins after denaturation with urea but not after denaturation with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). These different patterns of freezing and thawing of solutions of native globular proteins and of SDS-denatured globular proteins, on the one hand, and of gelatin, PVP, PVME, PEO, and urea-denatured globular proteins, on the other, parallels perfectly the different abilities of these groups of substances to reduce the solvency of the water for solutes, reported earlier. The major new conclusion from this study is that the presence of macromolecules to a concentration as high as 50% does not necessarily inhibit or even delay to any appreciable extent the freezing of the bulk phase water present. On the other hand, inhibition of ice-formation does occur in the presence of macromolecules (e.g., gelatin, PVP) that cause multilayer polarization of the bulk phase water. The findings allow new evidence to be derived that the bulk of water in living cells also exists in the state of polarized multilayers. PMID- 6675033 TI - Studies on the physical state of water in living cells and model systems. V. The warming exothermic reaction of frozen aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(ethylene oxide), and urea-denatured proteins. AB - The warming exothermic peaks (WEX) first described by Luyet and coworkers in solutions of ethylene glycol, glycerol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) was interpreted on the basis of a devitrification phenomenon, in which rapid cooling converts normal water to amorphous ice, which devitrifies on warming to the state of normal Ice I. Our present studies of the WEX phenomenon in aqueous solutions of urea-denatured proteins, PVP, PVME, and two types of poly(ethylene oxide) led us to a different conclusion: WEX is the result of a transformation of chilled water in the state of polarized multilayers to Ice I. Among the evidence for this is the fact that WEX of the polymer-water system is indifferent to the rate of cooling between 320 degrees/min. and 1.25 degrees/min. and that polymer-water systems cooled to -70 degrees C remain viscous liquids and not (solid) vitreous ice. The transformation from water dominated by PVP, PVME, and urea-denatured proteins to Ice I can occur rapidly during warming or more slowly when the chilled polymer-water systems are kept at 223 degrees K. To effect this transformation the polymers themselves must undergo movements which tend to be retarded most by the presence of bulky side chains, as in urea-denatured proteins, and least in polymers with no side chains (e.g., Polyox WSR-N750). PMID- 6675034 TI - Thermal bradycardia during radiofrequency irradiation. AB - The present study was performed to determine if any heart rate or blood pressure changes occur during intermittent exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR), and to determine if parasympathetic blockade due to atropine has any effect on these changes or on thermal responses. Anesthetized rats were exposed to 2.8 GHz pulsed RFR at an average power level of 60 mW/cm2 (average specific absorption rate, 14 W/kg). During an initial exposure period to raise colonic temperature to 39.5 degrees C, heart rate decreased significantly. This thermal bradycardia is similar to that reported by other investigators during environmental heat exposure. Intermittent exposure to radiation, which was designed to result in 1 degree C colonic temperature changes, did not significantly affect heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure, before or after atropine administration. The time courses of these 1 degree C temperature changes were not altered significantly by atropine. Following administration of atropine, the thermal bradycardia during the initial heating period was still evident. Thus, factors other than vagal activity are responsible for the phenomenon. It is possible that the bradycardia is a consequence of a general reduction in metabolism, which occurs also during environmental heat exposure. PMID- 6675035 TI - Postmenopausal flashes: studies of chronological organisation. AB - The times of occurrence of climacteric flashes were recorded by three women over a period of one month. The mean intervals between flashes were 130 +/- 5, 142 +/- 6 and 67 +/- 3 min (mean +/- S.E.) for the three women. The flashes did not occur simply randomly in time. Following a flash, a period of suppression of the ability to flash again was apparent. No mathematical model was derived which satisfactorily described the incidence of flashing in all three women. However, models assuming suppression of the ability to flash immediately following a flash gave the best fits to our data. This suggest that there is an inhibitory feedback mechanism mediating partial suppression of flashing for at least 30 min after a flash. PMID- 6675036 TI - Situational depression and the dexamethasone suppression test. AB - Neither baseline integrated 24 hr cortisol concentrations nor cortisol escape from dexamethasone suppression were able to distinguish a group of endogenously depressed patients who experienced precipitating events prior to their depression (situational) from a group of endogenously depressed patients with no discernible precipitating events (non-situational). Symptom severity, features of psychosis, and family history also were similar between the two groups. These results highlight the inadequacy of using the presence or absence of precipitating events for subtyping endogenous depression. PMID- 6675037 TI - Changes in total serum immunoreactive neurophysins and corticosterone levels after restraint stress in rats. AB - This study indicates that total immunoreactive circulating neurophysins (IRN) increased in male rats submitted to acute restraint stress. Total immunoreactive serum corticosterone levels also were elevated, confirming the stressful character of the restraint situation. It is speculatively suggested that IRN elevations due to stress are the reflection of a corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-IRN product. PMID- 6675039 TI - 'Metabolic role of vanadium in human nutrition in health and disease.'. PMID- 6675038 TI - Thirty-four hour dexamethasone suppression test in depression. AB - The utility of extending the dexamethasone suppression test past its usual 24 hr period to include a cortisol determination at 34 hr was investigated in 18 depressed patients. Conventional suppressors and non-suppressors differed significantly on their 34 hr cortisol values. However, this difference was small. Furthermore, 34 hr values generally returned close to baseline values, so that the 34 hr DST cannot now be recommended in the assessment of depressed patients without further study. PMID- 6675040 TI - [Determination of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) in diabetic subjects]. AB - NAG activity was measured in the serum of 40 diabetic subjects and 38 normal subjects. Diabetic subjects were divided into 8 groups on the ground of diabetic pattern, therapy and complications. Results showed significantly higher NAG activity in diabetics in comparison with normals. Inside the 8 groups of diabetic subjects, correlation between serum NAG activity and Hg A1 concentration appeared significant (P less than 0.001). Therefore NAG activity in diabetics appears rather related to the degree of glycometabolic control than to the presence of diabetes complications. PMID- 6675041 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic significance of blood lipids in assessing the atherogenic risk]. AB - In order to recognize laboratory tests suitable for atherogenic risk evaluation, the authors compare several chemical determinations in a population of patients with atherosclerotic vasculopathia and in a control group. By the examination of results the authors propose ApoB immunochemical determination as the test more simple and more significant. PMID- 6675042 TI - [Total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in sensorineural deafness]. AB - In order to verify an assumed hypothesis of a correlation between sensorial hearing loss and arteriosclerosis type injuries, these parameters were studied: total cholesterol and cholesterol associated to high density lipoproteins in order to evaluate the risk of developing coronary heart disease in patients with cochleopathy as compared to control patients. It proved impossible to point out any significant difference between results obtained in the two groups for any of the analytical parameters considered. PMID- 6675043 TI - [Lipid-metabolic and blood coagulation factors in chronic peripheral arteriopathies]. AB - The authors have tested serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, with the plasmatic levels of Antithrombin III and other parameters (Quick time, PTT, fibrinogenaemia and platelets) in patients affected by chronic obstructive arterious diseases in various stages including a group of patients affected by diabetes mellitus. The results show that there is a correlation between the behaviour of the parameter tested and the follow-up of the diseases, particularly for HDL and LDL cholesterol and Antithrombin III. The authors suggest the use of these tests for monitoring this kind of vascular peripheral diseases. PMID- 6675044 TI - [Semiquantitative determination of leukocyturia, a necessary complement to urine culture]. AB - The authors used a strip-test (Cytur-test) for the semiquantitative assay of leukocytes in the urines: they also did a cultural examination and an assay of antimicrobial power (PAR-test). Or the whole of 2613 urines they found 931 specimens (35.6%) with a number of leukocytes higher than 10/microliters; the 44.7% of these came out negative of the bacterial research. The Cytur-test proved to be an important method in the diagnosis of pathologic leukocyturia in the screening of urines because of its convenience and rapidity. PMID- 6675045 TI - [Evaluation of a new system for the simultaneous identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing of gram-negative bacilli by automation]. AB - ABAC- IDENTIBIOGRAMMA II is a new system allowing the carry out of antimicrobial susceptibility testing on various bacterial groups and also the fully automatic simultaneous susceptibility testing and identification of Gram-negative bacilli (urinary and not). Particularly most species of Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas hydrophila, Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp. can be identified. This system has two important characteristics, due to a computerized program: that is the possibility of using sensitivity data as complement of the biochemical assays to obtain identification and the directions for use transmitted through the display. The validity of system and the reliability of its results have been verified. PMID- 6675046 TI - [Statistical evaluation and diagnostic consideration on trichomoniasis and candidiasis in vaginal pathology]. AB - From 1980 to 1982, we studied 1,827 cases of vaginal smears with particular interest in positive cases of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida sp. Moreover, we studied the statistical incidence of these microorganisms, and also some diagnostic problems, and the effects of these agents on vaginal microflora. PMID- 6675047 TI - [Interference of hemolysis in plasma urea determination. A comparison of 2 methods: classical Berthelot urease and the modified Berthelot urease]. AB - The authors have tested the interference of the hemoglobin by two routine methods ( Berthelot classic and Berthelot modified) for the determination of plasmatic urea. From their work it appears that Berthelot classic method already presents a very sensible positive interference for hemoglobin at 0.04 g/dl level while for the Berthelot modified method such interference begins to be significant only for those values which are than 1.25 g/dl level. The correlation between these two methods, tested by limpid and lacking in hemolysis plasmas, is very good, so the authors think the Berthelot modified method is more respondent to the exigence of the routine as it is not exceptional the case to have to execute anyhow some determinations of urea and plasmas which have a partial hemolysis. PMID- 6675048 TI - [Serum viscosity and chronic hepatopathies]. AB - In 26 patients with chronic liver disease, the serum viscosity was studied. In 42% of subjects, the serum viscosity was found increased, almost always associated with clinical findings of central nervous system involvement. The remission of central nervous system symptoms occurs with fall into normal range of serum viscosity levels. Therefore, the serum hyperviscosity should be included among various causes of cirrhosis encephalopathy. When serum viscosity is increased, relates rather to immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) increases then to increased amounts of total globulins. PMID- 6675049 TI - [Interpretation of the spleen size in the liver scintigram]. AB - Interpretation of spleen size in the liver scintigram was analysed in this study. The spleen size of 325 cases, finally proved of their diseases by autopsies, surgeries, etc., were interpreted by 11 nuclear medicine physicians from 8 institutions. Moderate splenomegaly was suggested when the size of the spleen, expressed by the ratio of longitudinal spleen length to the body width, exceeds 40%. Definite splenomegaly was correctly diagnosed at the ratio of more than 50%. PMID- 6675050 TI - [Clinical efficacy of the liver scintigram--rates of interpretation of physiologically defective activity areas]. AB - Liver scintigrams of 406 cases were interpreted by 11 physicians. The ratios of the interpretation of the physiologically decreased activity areas in the liver scintigrams were 27% in the regions of the porta hepatis, 23% in the gall bladder fossa, 20% in the inferior vena cava, 7% in the renal impression, 2% in the portal vein, 2% in the rib impression and 2% in others. The cases having space occupying lesions showed decreased ratio of the interpretation of the physiologically decreased activity areas, as compared with other groups. Cases of the liver cirrhosis showed decreased ratio in the region of inferior vena cava. Cases using Anger camera demonstrated more increased ratio than cases using a scanner. The 11 physicians could be divided for two groups. One group showed high ratios of the interpretation of the physiologically decreased activity areas, and another group showed very low ratio, because of the different interpretation about the physiologically decreased activity areas in the two groups. In our cases, a very few cases showing decreased activity on the liver image were false positive or false negative for diagnosis of space occupying lesions. PMID- 6675051 TI - Detectability of 201T1 cold area with myocardial phantom. AB - The lesion detectability of scintillation camera was studied for 201T1 imaging using simulating myocardial phantom having a cold lesion with volume of 12 cm3 (1.3 X 3 X 3). The lesion detectability expressed as level of confidence of visual evaluation on phantom images was discussed with the position of cold lesion and the object contrast defined by the maximum signal to background ratio. PMID- 6675052 TI - Trace element analysis of airborne particulate matters in relation to air pollution in Benin City, Nigeria. AB - The methods of neutron activation analysis (NAA) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) have been employed to determine the concentration levels of 18 trace elements in filter-collected airborne aerosols over an urban area in Nigeria. The highest concentrations measured in the samples were for Cl, Na, Al, Pb, Ca and Zn. The aerosol particles were found to contain higher concentrations of soil-derived trace elements, such as Al, Ti, K and Na than those derived from combustion and industrial activities such as As, Cd, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni and Sb. The average precision of measurements varied between +/- 5.2% and 13% for most elements. Possible sources of the elements are also discussed. PMID- 6675053 TI - [Experimental and clinical evaluation of CIS thyroglobulin I-125 kit]. PMID- 6675054 TI - [Experimental studies of GammaCoat T3 and T4 RIA kit]. PMID- 6675055 TI - [New color-photographic observation of thermoluminescence of sliced rock samples]. AB - New observation technique has been established for the thermoluminescence photography using extremely high-sensitive color films. Considering future application to the geological fields, a granite was selected as a testing material. The sliced specimens (0.5- 0.7 mm in thickness), which were irradiated with a 60Co source, were mounted on the heater attached with a thermocouple, which was connected to a microcomputer for measuring the temperature. The samples were heated in the temperature range of 80-400 degrees C by operating the camera shutter controlled with the microcomputer. Four commercially available films (Kodak-1000(ASA), -400, Sakura-400, Fuji-400) could give apparently detectable color-images of artificial thermoluminescence above a total absorbed dose of 880 Gy(88 krad). The specimens, irradiated upto 8.4 kGy(840 krad), allowed easily to distinguish the distinct appearance of the thermoluminescence images depending on kinds of white mineral constituents. Moreover, such color images were changeable with the heating temperature. Sakura-400 film has proved the most colorful images from aspects of color tone although Kodak-1000 film showed the highest sensitivity. By applying this Kodak-1000, it was found that the characteristic color image due to natural thermoluminescence was significantly observed on the Precambrian granite which was exposed with natural radiation alone since its formation. This simple and interesting technique, obtainable surface information reflecting impurities and local crystal defects in addition to small mineral constituents, was named as the thermoluminescence color imaging (abbreviated to TLCI) technique by the authors and its versatile applications were discussed. PMID- 6675056 TI - Syntheses of deuterated phenylpropionic acid derivatives. AB - 2-(4-(2-Thienylhydroxymethyl)phenyl) propionic acid (I), 2-(4-carboxyphenyl) propionic acid (II), 2-(4-(5-hydroxy-2-thienylcarbonyl)phenyl)propionic acid (III) were labeled with multiple-deuterium for the purpose of using as internal standards in studies on the metabolism of 2-(4-(2 thienylcarbonyl)phenyl)propionic acid (suprofen, IV), anti-inflammatory agent, in man and animals by the mass fragmentography. I-d4 was obtained in a 93% yield from IV-d4 by reduction with sodium borohydride, and its deuterium content was 99 atom%. On the other hand, II-d4 (99 atom% D) was obtained by four-step synthesis from 2-((4-bromophenyl-d4)1, 1-ethyleneglycol)propane (V) in a 43% yield and III d4 (98.4 atom% D) by five-step synthesis from V in a 12% yield. PMID- 6675057 TI - [Radiolysis of acrinol in radio-sterilization of acrinol pharmaceuticals]. AB - Acrinol in dry solid state after gamma irradiation with 80 kGy (8 Mrad) undergoes 8% decomposition, with G(-M)=30, and in wet solid state (10% moisture content) undergoes 15% decomposition, with G(-M)=56, as shown by absorbed spectrometric measurement. From these results, it is estimated that the irradiation dose of 25 kGy (2.5 Mrad) prefered by many countries as sterilization dose will achieve the radiolysis rate of 2.8% or 4.7% for dry solid state or wet solid state acrinol, respectively. The stickiness power of plaster tape made of raw rubber and polyterpene resin don't decrease with irradiation dose of less than 40 kGy (4 Mrad). Then, the radio-sterilization on the dose of 25 kGy (2.5 Mrad) may be applied to solid pharmaceuticals such as commercial rubber adhesive plaster with acrinol pad. Besides, acrinol in 0.1% aqueous solution after irradiation of 10 kGy (1 Mrad) at room temperature undergoes 20% decomposition, with G(-M)=0.5. The radiolysis rate in this state is estimated 45% with the dose of 25 kGy (2.5 Mrad). Then, the radio-sterilization with this dose must not be applied to liquid pharmaceuticals such as 0.1% acrinol aqueous solution. While, it was reported by Hosobuchi and Sato that the antimicrobial effect of irradiated acrinol to Staphlococcus aureus increased with irradiation dose. Then, it is expectable that some materials with antimicrobial activity are prodused by gamma irradiation. PMID- 6675058 TI - [Clinical usefulness of lymphoscintigraphy by rectal submucosal injection of radioactive colloid]. AB - Lymphoscintigraphies about 27 cases were examined by the methods of 11 cases of anal subcutaneous and 17 cases of rectal submucosal injections of 99mTc-rhenium colloid. Para-aortic nodes and common iliac nodes were visualized in more than 70% out of the 27 cases by these methods, and those images were superior to images obtained by the conventional methods with pedal subcutaneous injections. Internal iliac nodes were visualized in 78.1% by the rectal injection method while in 27.3% by the anal injection method. It was concluded that the transrectal injection method should be used to visualize internal iliac nodes. Examination efficacies of lymphoscintigraphies by these methods on detection of lymph nodes metastases which were confirmed by autopsy, operation, contrast lymphoangiography and/or X-ray CT. As for 131 regions of rectal and anal injected cases, sensitivity was calculated at 84.0% and specificity was at 89.6%. When the cases in which more than one definite defect was detected were scintigraphycally diagnosed as positive to metastasis and when calculated case by case, sensitivity was calculated at 90.9% and specificity was at 62.5% in the 27 cases. Lymphatic systems were seen specifically and systematically by using lymphoscintigraphies. Though the sensitivity was not enough for a screening test of lymph node metastases and the specificity was not enough for a test to rule out lymph node metastases, lymphoscintigraphies are clinically very useful as supplementary examinations. The lymphoscintigraphy by the method of rectal submucosal injection is much more useful as it is convenient and is the only one method to visualize the internal iliac nodes systematically. PMID- 6675059 TI - [Determination of the Ca/P atomic ratio in the spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by neutron activation and X-ray fluorescence analysis]. AB - Ca/P atomic ratios in spinal cords of seven amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases were determined by neutron activation and X-ray fluorescence analyses, and were compared with those of seven control cases. In order to obtain calibration curves, the standard samples with 0.01-0.1 of Ca/P atomic ratio were prepared by mixing diammonium hydrogen phosphate with calcium carbonate. In neutron activation analysis, gamma-ray spectra of 49Ca and beta-ray intensities of 32P produced from (n, gamma) reactions of the spinal cords and standard samples were measured by Ge(Li) and GM detectors, respectively. In X-ray fluorescence analysis, the samples were excited with 1.6 MeV alpha particle beam accelerated by a Van de Graaff accelerator, manganese K X-rays from 55Fe radioactive source and rhodium K alpha X-rays from X-ray tube, respectively. The characteristic X ray spectra were measured by Si(Li) or proportional detector. From the peak areas on the spectra and beta-ray intensities, the Ca/P atomic ratios in spinal cords were determined. Based on these results, the Ca/P atomic ratio of precipitate including calcium and phosphorus in spinal cord of ALS case was calculated. As a result, the Ca/P atomic ratios in spinal cords of ALS and control cases were 0.018-0.021 and 0.030-0.049, respectively. The calculated Ca/P atomic ratio in the precipitate of ALS case was estimated to be 1.6. PMID- 6675060 TI - [Measurement of dead layers of the surface barrier semiconductor detectors]. PMID- 6675063 TI - [Investigation of radiation facilities damaged in the 1983 Nihon-kai Chubu earthquake]. PMID- 6675061 TI - [Sample changer with a shielding system for automatic gamma-ray spectrum analysis]. PMID- 6675062 TI - [Utilization of nuclear instruments in RCA (Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research, Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology) countries]. PMID- 6675064 TI - [Peak blood levels of mepivacaine following intravenous regional anesthesia using various concentrations]. AB - In a previous study we assumed, that with I.V.R.A. the peak blood levels after opening the tourniquet would be less when lowering the concentration and simultaneously increasing the volume of the anesthetic solution. For supporting this hypothesis, on 17 patients each the peak blood levels of mepivacaine after I.V.R.A. were determined. For this a 0.25% (gr. A) and 0.50% (gr. B) concentration of solution was given. The same absolute amount (3.75 mg/ml b.w.) of the anesthetic was used and the measured values are compared. The results show a median for the 0.25% solutions of XA = 4,046 ng/ml and for the 0.50% ones of XB = 6,894 ng/ml. The values differ for p less than 0.05 with the onesided mediantest. Our initial assumption is confirmed which consequently contributes to greater safety. PMID- 6675065 TI - [Controlled study on intravenous regional anesthesia using high and low concentration prilocaine]. AB - In a prospective randomised study, 20 out-patients in each group received 0.8%, 1.5% or 2% prilocaine (4 mg/kg body weight) as intravenous regional anaesthesia for operations in the carpal region. The latency time, quality of analgesia and recurrence of pain after the tourniquet release rose with increasing prilocaine concentration from 5.7 min on average at 0.8% to 15.6 min on average at 2%. The latency time was shortest with 2% prilocaine. The blood plasma levels using the highly concentrated prilocaine were significantly lower than with 0.8% prilocaine. PMID- 6675066 TI - [Phantom phenomena during regional anesthesia]. AB - Phantom phenomena were studied following the administration of peridural (PDA), spinal (SA) and brachial plexus anaesthesia (PB) to 200 patients undergoing a peripheral surgical procedure. 18% of the subjects in PDA, 40% in SA and 63% in the PB group reported a typical, phantom of lower, respect. upper extremities as already described in the literature. Various additional (atypical) forms of phantoms were observed: 10% in PDA, 24% in SA and 6% in PB group. Sex, age, tourniquet, premedication and type of local anaesthetic did not influence substantially the occurrence of phantom. The latter was however directly related to the total dose (mg) of local anaesthetic administered. The appearance of phantom was not always a guarantee of successful block. The possible mechanisms of painless phantoms are discussed. PMID- 6675067 TI - [Modification of axillary plexus block with the loss-of-resistance method using a blunt needle]. AB - A modification of the method of brachial plexus block is described using the "loss of resistance"-test and a needle with an extra short 45 degrees bevel (the Crawford bevel). This report is presented firstly to describe this needle and secondly because it is not necessary to search for paraesthesiae before injecting. This technique has the advantage of a much clearer "loss of resistance" on penetrating the neurovascular bundle. We have treated 219 patients using this technique and the blocks were given by both experienced staff and trainees. The initial failure rate was 3.7%, but a second attempt was successful in 2.3% to give an overall failure rate of 1.4%. No nerve injuries were observed and troublesome haematomas from accidental puncture of the artery were 2.7%. PMID- 6675068 TI - [Problems of accidental blood vessel puncture in peridural anesthesia]. AB - An angiogram of the lumbar venous plexus was obtained following accidental insertion of a peridural catheter into the plexus. The problem of vascular puncture is discussed and the possible methods of prevention of intravascular injection of local anaesthetic are outlined. PMID- 6675069 TI - [A new catheter set for continuous axillary plexus anesthesia]. AB - A new device for continuous axillary plexus block is described. Using the "loss of-resistance"-method as in peridural anesthesia it allows a safe introduction of a catheter within the neurovascular axillar sheath. Danger of puncture of blood vessels or of neural injury is minimized by a specially developed FEP-teflon cannula. The main field of application for this device is seen in the management of pain postoperatively, mobilisation of contracted joints as well as in sympathetic block for peripheral vascular disease of various etiology. Furthermore, its allows the anaesthesia of the axillary plexus for operations of long duration (i.e. plastic surgery). PMID- 6675070 TI - Poultry coccidiosis: evaluation of management systems on the incidence of coccidia infection in Nigeria. PMID- 6675071 TI - Preliminary observations on relative areas of oocyst concentrations in commercial deep litter houses. PMID- 6675072 TI - [Bovine onchocerciasis in Senegal. Preliminary note]. PMID- 6675073 TI - Some observations on the prevalence and pathology of hydatidosis in Sudanese camels (Camelus dromedarius). PMID- 6675074 TI - [Ticks (Acarina, Ixodoidea) of the Mascarene Islands (Indian Ocean) and diseases transmitted by them]. PMID- 6675075 TI - Studies on ticks of veterinary importance in Nigeria XV--An attempt to control tick infestation on a herd of cattle grazed on tick infested pasture through acaricide treatment alone. PMID- 6675076 TI - Some ectoparasites of veterinary importance on dwarf sheep and goats under traditional system of management in the humid forest and derived savanna zones of Nigeria. PMID- 6675077 TI - The effects of Indigofera hochstetteri on goats. PMID- 6675078 TI - Reproductive efficiency of exotic dairy cattle under tropical conditions. PMID- 6675079 TI - [Calcium antagonists in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6675080 TI - [Effect of vasodilators on the resistance vessels of the forearm in patients with essential hypertension]. PMID- 6675081 TI - [Different effect of nifedipine in normotensive and hypertensive individuals: a functional anomaly of vascular smooth muscle in essential hypertension?]. PMID- 6675083 TI - [Constitutional and hereditary factors in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6675084 TI - [Ambulatory cardiology. Present and future]. PMID- 6675082 TI - [Long-term effectiveness of nifedipine combined with propranolol in the treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 6675085 TI - [Cardiac manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis. Review apropos of an unusual case]. PMID- 6675086 TI - [Aortic valve replacement in ankylopoietic spondylitis]. PMID- 6675087 TI - [Primary cardiac tumors in the newborn infant. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6675088 TI - [Carotid sinus syndrome. Electrostimulation treatment. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6675089 TI - [The wake-sleep cycle in the cat following dorso-pontine lesions]. AB - Modifications in total amount, frequency and duration of episodes of wakefulness (W), drowsiness (D), slow sleep (SS) and paradoxal sleep (PS) were examined in cats with small unilateral lesion in the locus coeruleus (LC) and/or neighbouring structures. Throughout a 8 week period, 24 h weekly records were obtained from each cat. Control group with lesions in the dorsomedial pontine area showed a noticeable stability in sleep-wakefulness cycle (SWC). Significant decrease of W (with shortening of episodes) occurred during the whole postlesion period in the group with lesions in the lateral vestibular nucleus. The group with small lesions restricted to the dorsal-intermediate part of RPO and RPC nuclei had only acute SWC modifications consisting of a decrease of W and increase of PS. Finally, small lesions in LC complex that encroached to a limited extent neighbouring structures produced a maintained decrease of W (with shortening of episodes) and increase of PS (due to a major number of episodes). Results suggest a different role of dorsopontine region from other pontine areas in SWC mechanisms and give support to the hypothesis of a permissive role of LC in PS mechanisms. PMID- 6675090 TI - [Neurophysiology of the motoneurons of the external oculomotor nucleus in the waking cat]. AB - The spontaneous and visually induced activity of abducens motoneurons has been recorded in the alert cat. Motoneurons were identified by their antidromic activation from the ipsilateral abducens nerve. All identified motoneurons appeared related to both the position and velocity of the eye in the horizontal plane, although distributed in a wide range. Neural time constants were also measured, showing a mean value similar to that of the mechanical time constant of the oculomotor plant. According to present results, abducens motoneurons of cats and monkeys are very similar, notwithstanding some differences in their activities during saccadic movements. PMID- 6675091 TI - Isocitrate oxidation in dog heart mitochondria under anoxic conditions. AB - The roles of NAD- Specific Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NAD- IDH) (EC 1.1.1.4), NADP Specific Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP- IDH) (EC 1.1.1.42) and Piridin Nucleotide Transhydrogenase (Transhydrogenase) (EC 1.6.1.1) in the mitochondrial oxidation of isocitrate through the respiratory chain in conditions of normal and increased energy requirements have been studied in submitochondrial particles isolated from healthy and ischemic dog hearts. The activities of both, NAD- IDH and NADP- IDH were increased in conditions of anoxia, while Transhydrogenase remained unchanged. The results obtained showed that the mitochondrial oxidation of isocitrate in dog myocardium occurs mainly through the NAD- IDH pathway in normoxic and anoxic conditions. PMID- 6675093 TI - [Changes in the albumin and globulin fractions in seeds of Pinus pinea during artificial aging]. AB - The alterations on the electrophoretic patterns of albumin and globulin fractions in both embryo and endosperms of Pinus pinea seeds during artificial ageing have been investigated. The results show that the electrophoretic patterns of aged seeds are drastically different from those of seeds with high germination capacity. These alterations were observed even when the quantitative analysis did not show any significant changes. PMID- 6675092 TI - In vitro 14C-leucine incorporation into nonsynaptic and synaptic rat brain mitochondria isolated by Ficoll gradients. AB - The in vitro incorporation of 14C-leucine by nonsynaptic and synaptic rat brain mitochondria purified by means of discontinuous Ficoll gradients has been characterised. The incorporation was linear for the first 45 min for both populations. Synaptic mitochondria showed a higher rate of incorporation than the nonsynaptic mitochondria at high concentrations of leucine. The incorporation was more effective in the presence of Mg2+ and inhibited by dinitrophenol. The incorporation was sensitive to chloramphenicol and insensitive to cycloheximide. Bacterial contamination was in any case lower than 1,000 colonies per ml after the incubation period. The incorporation was carried out in the presence of either an external ATP-generating system consisting of ATP, phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase or with mitochondria respiring with oxidisable substrates plus ADP (state III). The rates obtained for incorporation in this state III were higher for all the substrates assayed (succinate, pyruvate and glutamate) than in the presence of exogenous ATP. The highest rate obtained was found when glutamate was the respiratory substrate. No significant metabolic oxidation of leucine occurs in either synaptic or nonsynaptic mitochondria in the presence of exogenous ATP. Glutamate did not increase leucine uptake in any mitochondrial populations. PMID- 6675094 TI - [Fractionation of lymphocytes using affinity chromatography with 9 lectins]. AB - Lymphocyte subclasses from normal peripheral blood have been fractionated by affinity chromatography with lectins. Concanavalin A (Con A), Lens culinaris lectin (LC), Pisum sativum lectin (PS), Phaseolus vulgaris lectin (PHA), Dolichos biflours lectin (DB), Glicine max lectin (SBA), Ricinus communis lectin (RCA II), Tetragonolobus purpureus lectin (TP) and Triticum vulgaris lectin (WGA), were coupled to Sepharose 6MB, and lymphocytes labelled with 125I were eluted through the chromatographic columns. The binding of lymphocytes to WGA and SBA lectins was 32% and 13% respectively. The binding to the other lectins tested were found to be between 32% and 13%. When solutions of increasing concentrations of specific sugar were added to the columns a progressive elution of bound lymphocytes was observed. These results indicate the existence of a large range of lymphocyte subclasses, with different binding capacity to lectins, which was a function of the receptor number or/and receptor affinity to each lectin. Furthermore, these two parameters were found to vary in each functional population. Even though all the lymphocytes had lectin receptors, T lymphocytes showed higher affinity for Con A, PHA and TP lectins, while B lymphocytes appeared to be more specific for LC, PS, SBA, DB, RCAII and WGA lectins. PMID- 6675095 TI - [Hormonal influence on rat vas deferens responses induced by field stimulation]. AB - The effect of castration and treatment with testosterone propionate (PT), estradiol benzoate (E2) and ciproterone acetate (CPA) on the responses of the vas deferens in rat has been studied. Castration produces a time-dependent decrease of the response amplitude. PT augments the response amplitude in normal rats and reverses the effect of castration. E2 augments the response amplitude in normal rats without modifying the castration effect. CPA does not change the response of the vas deferens. The results suggest that PT and E2 through possible different mechanisms, facilitate the transmission in rate vas deferens, whereas castration obstructs it. PMID- 6675096 TI - Relative changes in bile secretion during rat liver regeneration. AB - The influences of partial hepatectomy (66%) on some aspects of rat biliary secretion were studied at different time intervals after surgery (0, 40, 96, 192 and 384 h). Bile salt independent and bile salt dependent fractions were determined. During the first intervals (40 and 96 h) bile salt independent fraction clearly decreased after which it slowly recovered (192 h) until control levels were reached (384 h). These results are interpreted as proof of a faster compensatory hyperplastic regeneration in zone I of the hepatic acinus than in zone III. PMID- 6675097 TI - Absorption kinetics for leucine, cycloleucine and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid by rat small intestine in vivo. AB - The intestinal absorption kinetics of three neutral amino acids, leucine, cycloleucine and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, has been studied in rat jejunum in vivo, with luminal perfusion during successive periods, by measuring the passive component and the active transport. The mass-transfer coefficients of the passive process, are similar for the three amino acids and increase with the perfusion rate. The transport component, obtained from the difference between total absorption and passive diffusion, shows saturation kinetics and also increases with the perfusion rate. The apparent Michaelis constants, Km, and the maximal transport rates for the three amino acids have been determined. The Km values are greater than those reported for in vitro studies, a result imputable to greater thickness of the unstirred layers in vivo and to the unequal signification of the constant in both conditions. Passive flux has proved to be an important component for in vivo absorption, even at low substrate concentrations (1-5 mM), so that its evaluation cannot be neglected for the calculation ot the kinetic constants of the mediated transport. PMID- 6675098 TI - Increase of the hypothermic effect of morphine in restrained guinea-pigs. PMID- 6675099 TI - The evaluation of patients with Eales' disease. AB - Thirty-two patients with documented Eales' disease who have been followed-up at Johns Hopkins Hospital for periods of as long as 37 years were investigated. The previously reported association of Eales' disease with tuberculoprotein hypersensitivity was confirmed in 10 of 21 patients tested. For the first time, associated vestibuloauditory dysfunction is described. The previously reported association with multiple sclerosis was not confirmed. Eales' disease is a specific vasculopathy that can affect both the retinal and vestibuloauditory circulations. Patients with suspected Eales' disease should also be examined to rule out other diseases such as diabetes, sarcoidosis, and connective tissue diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus. This can be done by obtaining such tests as fasting blood glucose, chest radiograph, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, and LE cell preparation. Tuberculoprotein sensitivity status should be ascertained and active tuberculosis should be ruled out. The patient should be questioned regarding hearing or balance problems, and if a history suggestive of abnormalities is elicited, referral for vestibuloauditory function testing should be made. PMID- 6675100 TI - Autosomal dominant preretinal vascular loops. AB - Preretinal vascular loops are a congenital malformation usually occurring in otherwise normal fundi. These anomalies consist of vessels, most commonly arteries, that spiral into the vitreous and return to the otherwise normal retinal vascular system. The authors present two members of a family with preretinal vascular loops and two members with other vascular anomalies. The inheritance pattern in this group is autosomal dominant. PMID- 6675101 TI - Surgical results of vitrectomy in ocular trauma. AB - The authors have analyzed 49 consecutive eyes with trauma that had undergone vitrectomy. Anatomic success (eyes with attached retinas and generally clear media, regardless of visual function) was achieved in 80% of eyes. This high rate of success resulted from the use of silicone oil in 20 eyes with complicated retinal detachment that was judged otherwise as irreversible. Functional success (eyes with a final visual acuity of 0.2 [20/100] or better, or a postoperative improvement in visual acuity of two lines on the Snellen chart) was achieved in 53% of eyes. In most of the eyes that underwent vitrectomy 2 months or longer after injury, the visual outcome was poor, even when anatomic success was achieved. Retinal detachment was a major factor in poor surgical prognosis. Prophylactic scleral buckling and/or an encircling procedure significantly decreased the incidence of postoperative retinal detachment. PMID- 6675102 TI - Spontaneous release of retinal traction due to subretinal strands. AB - Spontaneous release of a taut, fibrotic subretinal strand was observed in a patient with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. This strand had been elevating the retina, and its release led to partial reattachment. Whereas spontaneous resolution of preretinal membrane contraction in retinal detachment has been reported, this is the first report of spontaneous release of such a subretinal fibrotic strand. The manner in which the strand released raised the question of whether efforts should be made to rupture such strands with transcleral pressure prior to considering retinotomy. PMID- 6675103 TI - Diffuse choroidal thickening detected by ultrasonography in various ocular disorders. AB - Diffusely thickened choroid was detected ultrasonically in 207 eyes in various conditions, including: following intraocular surgery (108 eyes), trauma (8 eyes), phthisis bulbi (52 eyes), endophthalmitis (12 eyes), and nanophthalmos (27 eyes). Diffusely thickened choroid was seen by A-scan as a widening of the echo pattern originating from the posterior coats of the eye and by B-scan as a curvilinear echo giving a double contour to the globe. Although B-scan characteristics of thickened choroid consisted of a smooth curvilinear echo in 196 eyes, this echo was irregular with multiple angulations in 11 eyes that had phthisis bulbi. The mechanisms suspected of choroidal thickening were ocular hypotony (sudden or chronic, 154 eyes), impaired drainage in the vortex system (41 eyes), and severe intraocular inflammation (12 eyes). PMID- 6675104 TI - The Taylor Smith approach to giant tears : in perspective. PMID- 6675106 TI - Vitreous hemorrhage in senile macular degeneration. AB - Eleven patients (13 eyes) with vitreous hemorrhage secondary to senile macular degeneration are reported. Two cases were bilateral. This unusual but not rare condition has a guarded visual prognosis, even with spontaneous clearing of the vitreous opacity, which occurred in about half of the eyes. Time required for resolution of the hemorrhage averaged 36 months. Diagnosis is based on the clinical setting and ultrasonographic findings. Senile macular degeneration should be considered as a possible cause of vitreous hemorrhage in elderly patients, especially those with macular changes in the opposite eye. Because of the limited expectation of visual improvement in patients with central macular lesions, vitrectomy should be done only in extraordinary circumstances. PMID- 6675107 TI - [Pathomorphological changes in the internal organs and causes of death in cases of rheumatoid arthritis in adults]. PMID- 6675109 TI - [Reiter's disease - clinical observation of 35 cases]. PMID- 6675105 TI - Acute macular neuroretinopathy following adverse reaction to intravenous contrast media. AB - Two young women noted acutely altered vision while suffering an adverse reaction to an intravenous injection of contrast agent for computerized tomography. One patient initially showed swollen maculas with subtle opacification of the parafoveal retina. Deep retinal lesions typical of acute macular neuroretinopathy were present later in both cases. Paracentral scotomas corresponding to the fundus lesions were present in both patients but subsequently improved. The temporal relationship of the onset of symptoms and the retinal abnormalities to the adverse reaction suggests that acute macular neuroretinopathy in these patients was caused either by the adverse reaction or its treatment. PMID- 6675108 TI - [Topographical differences in the content and composition of glycosaminoglycans of patellar cartilage]. PMID- 6675110 TI - [Sjogren's syndrome - observation of 45 cases]. PMID- 6675113 TI - The value of the direct semi-longitudinal CT-plane (Zonneveld) in the preoperative evaluation of petrous bone pathology. A new otological approach. PMID- 6675112 TI - [Satisfactory but short-lasting effects of the treatment of coxarthrosis with injections of Impletol Depot Bayer]. PMID- 6675111 TI - [Scleromalacia perforans in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6675115 TI - Metrizamide canalography in the frontal projection. PMID- 6675116 TI - The value of lateral tomography of the petrous bone in Meniere's disease. PMID- 6675114 TI - The value of the direct semi-longitudinal CT-plane in the preoperative evaluation of petrous bone pathology. PMID- 6675117 TI - [Radiotomographic study of the posterior petrous bone and the glycerol test in Meniere's syndrome]. PMID- 6675118 TI - [Immunological evaluation and carcinomas of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. Critical study]. PMID- 6675119 TI - [Acoustic study in tinnitus]. PMID- 6675121 TI - [Metastases in epidermoid epitheliomas of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. Apropos of a case of cervical dura mater metastasis]. PMID- 6675120 TI - [Morphological study of the ansa cervicalis]. PMID- 6675122 TI - [Alport's syndrome : oto-neurologic and genetic study of 2 families]. PMID- 6675123 TI - [Bilateral perceptive deafness in a child with myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 6675124 TI - [Prevention of oropharyngeal candidiasis during radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cancer of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts]. PMID- 6675125 TI - [Current problems concerning the recuperation of patients with chronic bronchopathies and chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6675126 TI - [Epidemiology of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases. V. Favoring factors. Prevention]. PMID- 6675127 TI - [The diagnostic, pathogenic and therapeutic bases of asthma. I. Diagnostic bases]. PMID- 6675128 TI - [Prolonged digitalization in the home care of infants with congenital heart disease]. PMID- 6675129 TI - Evolutive aspects in the rehabilitation of toxic exogenous polyneuropathies objectivized by EMG. PMID- 6675130 TI - [Our experience in surgery of the suprarenal glands]. PMID- 6675131 TI - [Studies of several microelements from water sources in rural localities in correlation with morbidity due to thyreopathic endemic dystrophy and dental caries]. PMID- 6675132 TI - [The nutritional ascorbic acid and niacin status in adolescents]. PMID- 6675133 TI - [Enteroviral neuroinfections in a district of southern Moldavia 1977-1981. Virological survey]. PMID- 6675134 TI - [Morphological changes in the temporomandibular joint in pathological occlusion. II]. PMID- 6675135 TI - [Study of Candida infections of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6675136 TI - [The incidence of dental pulp diseases in relation to influenza epidemics]. PMID- 6675137 TI - [The social environment and obesity]. PMID- 6675139 TI - [Research on the availability of oral preparations with aspirin]. PMID- 6675138 TI - [Correlations between alcohol-induced hypoglycemias and hyperlipoproteinemias]. PMID- 6675140 TI - [Dilatation of benign esophageal stenosis with the balloon catheter]. PMID- 6675141 TI - [Contributions to the method of chlorcyane determination]. PMID- 6675142 TI - [Peculiar aspects of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6675143 TI - [Examination of a case of male infertility]. PMID- 6675144 TI - [Hemodynamics in post-hemorrhagic anemia]. PMID- 6675145 TI - Immunomodulators and hemopoiesis. PMID- 6675146 TI - Immunomodulation of protozoan diseases. Potential of glucan as an adjuvant. PMID- 6675148 TI - The complement system. PMID- 6675149 TI - Current knowledge on fibronectin. PMID- 6675147 TI - Human monocyte maturation/differentiation during in vitro culture. PMID- 6675150 TI - Class I genes of the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 6675151 TI - Relationship of the murine t-haplotypes and the H-2 complex. PMID- 6675152 TI - Genetic factors in allograft unresponsiveness. PMID- 6675153 TI - Immunoglobulin secretion in human disease states. PMID- 6675154 TI - Progress on studies of myasthenia gravis during 1982. PMID- 6675155 TI - Role of immunomodulation in surgical infections. PMID- 6675156 TI - Immunotoxicology--current concepts. PMID- 6675157 TI - Discrepant in vitro versus in vivo interaction of M-positive donor red cells with IgG1 anti-M. AB - Following massive transfusion and a suspected sepsis, a patient produced a potent, high titer IgG1 anti-M alloantibody reactive at 37 degrees C with an indirect antiglobulin test [IAT] titer using anti-IgG of 1:512 versus MM red blood cells (RBC). During pretransfusion tests, the antibody was strongly reactive with M+ RBC using IAT, however, transfused M+ RBC remained in circulation and demonstrated normal red cell survival. The direct antiglobulin test remained negative and no antibody activity was detectable in eluates prepared at various times from red cells obtained from the patient post transfusion. There was no direct agglutination of red cells obtained from the patient post transfusion with autologous serum, even at 4 degrees C. However, these samples contained donor M+ RBC as determined by tests using various examples of human and rabbit anti-M antisera. The extraordinary findings of transfused M+ RBC, highly incompatible pretransfusion using IAT, coexisting with potent warm reactive anti-M antibody without evidence of in vivo antibody-antigen interaction represents an unusual discrepancy. Although the explanation for these findings remains unclear, it may indicate antigen modification of donor red cells in vivo. PMID- 6675158 TI - Geographical and ethnical distribution of HBs antigen subtypes in Mauritania. AB - A survey conducted in sera from 515 black and 499 white individuals living in 8 villages of Mauritania showed an HBs Ag prevalence of 15.7%. Two main subtypes, ayw2 (34.7%) and ayw4 (63%), were found in this country which is a junction area between North and West Africa and where 2 ethnic groups are living close one to the other but with very rare cross-breeding. ayw2 was more prevalent in the driest part of the country (North) and ayw4 in the South. Analysis of the subtype distribution in each village indicates that there is no relationship between HBs Ag subtype and ethnic groups, but there is a correlation between HBs Ag subtype and the geographical location of the villages. PMID- 6675159 TI - Weak B3 antigen in a family. PMID- 6675160 TI - [Studies of the role of the kitchen cockroach in the transmission of some aerogenic bacteria]. PMID- 6675161 TI - [Genital Chlamydia infection as a current health problem]. PMID- 6675163 TI - [Serological studies in research on arbovirus antibodies in a human population of the Ribeira Valley region. IV - Survey of school children living in Iguape County, SP (Brazil)]. PMID- 6675162 TI - [Incidence of antitoxoplasma antibodies in subjects with lymph node diseases]. PMID- 6675164 TI - [Biological control: Helobdella triserialis lineata Blanchard, 1849 (Hirudinea: Glossiphonidae) on Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Mollusca: Planorbidae), in the laboratory]. PMID- 6675165 TI - [The occurrence of rickettsiosis of the Rickettsia rickettsii group]. PMID- 6675166 TI - Erythrocyte ammonia in liver disease. AB - This study reports the relevance of plasma and erythrocyte ammonia concentrations in patients with liver disease. Three groups of subjects were studied: group 1, 47 normal subjects; group 2, 73 patients with liver disease; and group 3, 14 patients with portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE). The difference in plasma ammonia concentrations between groups 1 and 2 was not significant, but for erythrocyte ammonia this was significant (p less than 0.05). Group 3 subjects had significantly elevated plasma (p less than 0.001) and erythrocyte ammonia (p less than 0.001) compared with the other two groups (Mann-Whitney U-test). In group 3, two patients had plasma ammonia values within the reference range, whereas six patients had values within the range of group 2 subjects. However, none of group 3 subjects had erythrocyte ammonia concentrations within the range of either group 1 or 2. A cut-off level of 65 mumol/l was assigned to differentiate group 3 from group 2 subjects. We conclude that erythrocyte ammonia measurement is a better biochemical index of PSE than plasma ammonia. PMID- 6675167 TI - Absorption and excretion of a single 1-g dose of azodisal sodium in subjects with ileostomy. AB - The behaviour of a single 1-g oral dose of azodisal sodium (ADS) given to 10 healthy volunteers with an ileostomy was studied. Blood samples were drawn at various times, and urine and ileostomy fluid were collected during the following 24 h. ADS was absorbed to a very low extent, giving a maximum serum concentration of less than or equal to 5.1 micrograms/ml within 0.5-2 h after the dose was ingested. A mean of 0.3% of the dose was excreted in unchanged form with the urine. The metabolites 5-ASA and Ac-5-ASA could not be found in serum or urine. Of the ADS dose given, 100.2% (SD +/- 14.8%) could be recovered in the ileostomy fluid. The results indicate that ADS is a potentially useful drug for the local treatment of ulcerative colitis, 5-ASA being the active part of the molecule. PMID- 6675168 TI - The importance of the enteric nervous system for the bile-salt-induced secretion in the small intestine of the rat. AB - We have investigated the possible involvement of the enteric nervous system in the intestinal secretion induced by sodium deoxycholate. Hexamethonium, lidocaine, and tetrodotoxin significantly inhibited the fluid secretion in extrinsically innervated and denervated rat jejunal segments. Atropine had no effect. We conclude that the sodium-deoxycholate-induced intestinal secretion is partly caused by the activation of local nervous reflexes. PMID- 6675169 TI - The intramucosal cysts of the stomach. III. In Japanese subjects with gastric or duodenal ulcers. AB - Gastrectomy specimens from 102 Japanese patients with peptic ulcer disease were examined for intramucosal cysts. The number of cysts for each centimeter of mucosa analyzed (cyst index) was calculated. The intramucosal cysts occurred in 90% of the patients. The mean number of cysts in the 102 specimens was 12.3 (SD +/- 23.45). The resulting cyst index was 3.4 (SD +/- 6.6). Earlier studies have demonstrated a significantly lower cyst index in Swedish patients with peptic ulcer disease. A significantly higher cyst index was found in Japanese and Swedish patients with focal elevated dysplasias and in patients with early gastric cancer. The possibility that some intramucosal cysts of the stomach may be symptomatic of lesions antedating malignant transformation in that organ has been discussed. PMID- 6675170 TI - Influence of electrical vagal stimulation and acetylcholine on the function of the feline gallbladder. AB - The effects of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves on the function of the feline gallbladder and hepatic bile outflow were studied with a perfusion technique in vivo. After elimination of the muscarinic receptors with atropine, efferent stimulation of the cut vagus nerve in the neck relaxed the gallbladder, reduced the net water absorption rate across its wall, and increased the bile outflow from the liver. The results imply that the concentrating function of the gallbladder and the bile formation in the liver are under regulatory control by noncholinergic, nonadrenergic nerve fibres in the vagus nerves. PMID- 6675171 TI - Inhibition of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer in the rat by bile diversion. Enhancement of the ulcerogenic effect of cysteamine by taurocholic and glycocholic acids. AB - Three groups of rats were twice given cysteamine subcutaneously in a dose of 20 mg/100 g body weight. Nine of 10 controls developed severe duodenal ulcers. In contrast, the ulcer formation was inhibited significantly in the rats submitted, before exposure to cysteamine, to a bile diversion operation consisting of jejunopylorostomy and Roux-en-Y anastomosis without gastric resection. However, rats submitted to the same operation but drinking a solution with 5 mmol/l sodium salts of taurocholic and glycocholic acid, 1:3, developed severe duodenal ulcers after cysteamine injections (8 of 10). The conclusion is that neither the chemical cysteamine nor hydrochloric acid alone can be made responsible for cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer in the rat, but that bile salts clearly enhance the ulcerogenic property of cysteamine. PMID- 6675172 TI - Motor responses to serotonin in isolated guinea pig fundus and antrum. AB - The effects of serotonin on gut motility have been both excitatory and inhibitory. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate how serotonin influences motor activity in two functionally different parts of the stomach. Pressure recordings were made from fundic and antral pouches of isolated guinea pig whole stomach preparations. In the fundus serotonin induced relaxation, which developed gradually within 3 min. In the antrum serotonin initiated phasic contractions, which culminated within 3 min and then returned to near or below prestimulatory values. Whereas tetrodotoxin did not significantly reduce the fundic relaxation, the antral excitation was strongly inhibited by both atropine and tetrodotoxin, indicating different effect mechanisms in fundus and antrum. PMID- 6675174 TI - Impaired pancreatic innervation after pyloric transsection in dogs. Reduced pancreatic polypeptide response to insulin hypoglycaemia. AB - Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is released by efferent vagal impulses and its secretion is impaired after truncal and selective gastric vagotomy while remaining unchanged after parietal cell vagotomy. In three dogs an innervated antral pouch with transsection of the pylorus was constructed. After this operation the PP response to insulin hypoglycaemia was significantly reduced as compared to the preoperative response. In another four dogs an innervated antral pouch was constructed without transsecting the pylorus. Postoperatively we found that the PP response to insulin hypoglycaemia was unchanged compared to preoperatively. These results seem to indicate that vagal fibres to the pancreas run in close anatomic relation to the pylorus, and their inevitable damage during pyloric transsection results in reduced endocrine pancreatic secretion to vagal stimuli. PMID- 6675173 TI - The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia with and without atropine on plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in man. AB - Plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was measured in six healthy male students on 2 separate days after insulin-induced hypoglycemia with and without atropine and on a 3rd day in five of the students after atropine alone. A significant increase in peripheral plasma VIP was observed when atropine was given together with insulin, whereas insulin or atropine alone had no effect on plasma VIP. It is suggested that cholinergic nicotinic receptors may be involved in the increase of VIP after insulin-induced hypoglycemia and that the lack of VIP increase seen after insulin alone may be caused by an inhibitory effect of other gastrointestinal hormones. PMID- 6675175 TI - Decreased absorption of ingested unconjugated chenodeoxycholic acid in patients with Crohn's disease. AB - The intestinal absorption of unconjugated chenodeoxycholic acid (CDA) was studied in 27 healthy individuals and 28 patients with Crohn's disease who had undergone ileal resection. After they had taken 1 g CDA orally serum levels of bile acids were significantly lower in the patients than in the healthy individuals; the difference was apparent already 30 min after ingestion. There was no correlation between CDA absorption and recurrent disease, length of ileal resection, or number of defecations. These findings indicate that the intestinal absorption of ingested CDA in patients with Crohn's disease is decreased. Since CDA is absorbed mainly in proximal areas of the gut, these observations may indicate that proximal areas are involved in ileocolic Crohn's disease. PMID- 6675176 TI - Liver biopsy in chronic aggressive hepatitis. Diagnostic reproducibility in relation to size of specimen. AB - For the purpose of evaluating the reproducibility of the main diagnosis in liver needle biopsies and estimating the size of the specimen for an acceptable accuracy, 100 liver specimens selected from the daily routine, all 25 mm or more in length, were investigated. The material consisted of specimens from 50 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH; including 37 without and 13 with suspicion of cirrhosis), 6 with macronodular cirrhosis, 5 with micronodular cirrhosis, 10 with acute viral hepatitis (including 3 with suspicion of chronicity), 10 with primary biliary cirrhosis, 6 with chronic persistent hepatitis, and 13 with other diagnoses. The specimens were investigated without knowledge of clinical data in five sessions with an increasing amount of tissue made visible. The predictive value of a diagnosis present (diagnostic specificity) and a diagnosis absent (diagnostic sensitivity) was used in evaluating the efficiency of the diagnosis made on the visible part of the biopsy. For CAH (with and without suspicion of cirrhosis) the number of biopsies with the correct diagnosis increased significantly with increasing amounts of tissue visible (p less than 0.01), and the required length for an acceptable accuracy of CAH was 15 mm. The diagnostic sensitivity for CAH was very high (94%) with only 5 mm tissue available and constant through all sessions. PMID- 6675177 TI - Early detection of acute fulminant pancreatitis by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. AB - Twenty-eight consecutive patients with a first attack of acute alcohol-induced pancreatitis were examined by computed tomography (CT). After a survey scan of the abdomen a rapid contrast bolus (400 mg I/kg) was given intravenously, and the contrast enhancement of the pancreatic parenchyma was measured from a consecutive series of pancreatic scans. Nine patients with a fulminant course of the disease were operated on, and haemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis was found in eight. In all of these the contrast enhancement was decreased or absent. Patients recovering by conservative treatment showed normal or increased enhancement. The contrast enhancement seems to constitute a useful criterion for the early differentiation of acute fulminant pancreatitis from less severe forms of the disease. PMID- 6675178 TI - 14C-triolein breath test as a rapid and convenient screening test for fat malabsorption. AB - The 14C-triolein breath test was evaluated as a screening test for fat malabsorption in 50 consecutive patients. After the ingestion of a 30-g fat meal containing 5 microCi 14C-triolein, the breath excretion of 14CO2 was measured at hourly intervals for 6 h and compared with a 3-day faecal excretion of fat. Nineteen patients had steatorrhoea and 31 patients normal fat excretion. The maximum specific activity of CO2 in the breath provided the best means of distinguishing between the two groups, with no false-negative values and nine false-positive values (29%). Our findings confirm that the 14C-triolein breath test is sensitive and has sufficient specificity for screening fat malabsorption, especially among outpatients. If a normal 14C-triolein breath test is obtained, it seems unnecessary to perform measurements of excretion of faecal fat. PMID- 6675179 TI - On the development of primary acute cholecystitis. PMID- 6675180 TI - Morphology of the pancreatic ductal epithelium after traumatization of the papilla of Vater or endoscopic retrograde pancreatography with various contrast media in cats. AB - The epithelium of the pancreatic duct in cats was examined histologically, in the scanning electron and in the transmission electron microscope, after traumatization of the papilla of Vater or after pancreatography (ERP) with various contrast media. Ten minutes after traumatizing the papilla by repeated cannulation, we found lesions of the surface membrane of the epithelial cells. After ERP with the contrast media metrizamide and sodium meglumine ioxaglate, in the acute experiments, the least damage was observed when the low-osmolar, non ionic metrizamide was used. In our chronic experiments the epithelial changes did not correlate with the contrast medium used. The degree of papillary stenoses and, probably, the initial injection pressure are more important. A mixture of the antiseptic polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine to the contrast medium, which would prevent a bacterial contamination of the pancreatic duct after ERP, is morphologically justifiable but entails a risk of latent hyperthyroidism. Parenchymography with this mixture damaged the epithelium more than pancreatography. PMID- 6675181 TI - Intestinal transit time in constipated and non-constipated geriatric patients. AB - Intestinal transit was measured by following a radioisotope capsule through the gut. The transit in 16 elderly patients with chronic constipation was compared with that in 16 patients of the same age and with 10 healthy younger people without constipation. Although the constipated patients generally had a slower total transit time through the gut, some old and young people without constipation also showed a slow total transit. Constipated patients had a significantly slower transit only through the rectosigmoidal part of the colon. It is also suggested that old age per se does not imply an increased transit time. PMID- 6675183 TI - Intestinal bypass. A randomized, prospective clinical study of end-to-side and end-to-end jejunoileal bypass. AB - Of 21 patients with morbid obesity 10 were randomly allocated to ES (end-to-side) and 11 to EE (end-to-end) jejunoileal bypass. Ten patients in each group were followed up for more than 3 years. Average weight loss 18 months after operation was 37 kg or 33% of preoperative body weight in the ES group and 40 kg or 37% in the EE group (p = 0.26). One year after operation the mean serum concentration of magnesium was 0.84 mmol/l in the ES group and 0.66 in the EE group (p = 0.02), and the serum concentration of folic acid was 11.5 nmol/l in the ES group and 6.0 in the EE group (p = 0.01). The liver biopsies showed significant (p = 0.01) increased steatosis 1 year after operation in the EE group compared with peroperative biopsies, and the difference between the two groups at the 12-month follow-up almost reached statistical significance in favour of the ES group (p = 0.07). In the EE group, interposition of an intestinal segment was performed in 4 patients 17-27 months after the primary operation because of electrolyte deficiency and/or ulcer in the ileocolic anastomosis. The results in this series indicate that the ES shunt is a better operation than the EE shunt. PMID- 6675182 TI - Metabolism of the NH2-terminal tridecapeptide of gastrin-17 in normal subjects and duodenal ulcer patients. AB - The metabolism of the NH2-terminal tridecapeptide fragment of gastrin-17 (1-13)G 17) was examined in normal subjects and duodenal ulcer patients. A dose of 65 pmol synthetic human (1-13)G-17/kg/h was infused intravenously for 90 min. After cessation of infusion the disappearance curve was similar in the two groups. The mean half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance rate were, for normal and duodenal ulcer subjects, 6.3 and 6.3 min, 100 and 93 ml/kg, and 11.0 and 10.2 ml/kg/h, respectively. The gastric acidity decreased during the infusion in duodenal ulcer patients (54 +/- 11 to 40 +/- 10 meq/l (p less than 0.02] but not in normal subjects. The results suggest that the increased serum concentrations of the NH2-terminal fragment of gastrin-17 in duodenal ulcer patients are not caused by a decreased metabolism of (1-13)G-17. Moreover, the data show that (1 13)G-17 reduces gastric acid secretion. PMID- 6675184 TI - Increased concentrations of the NH2-terminal fragment of gastrin-17 in acute duodenal ulcer and acute gastritis. AB - The concentration of the NH2-terminal fragment of gastrin-17 in serum was determined by radioimmunochemistry. Two antisera were used, one specific for the COOH-terminus and the other for the NH2-terminus of gastrin-17. The NH2-terminal gastrin-17 immunoreactivity in unfractionated serum correlated well with the amount of fragment found after gel filtration of the same sera (p less than 0.001). In healthy subjects (no. = 100), the NH2- and COOH-terminal gastrin immunoreactivity was 8 +/- 1 and 20 +/- 1 pmol/l (mean +/- SEM), respectively. In patients with acute duodenal ulcer (no. = 30) and acute gastritis (no. = 10) the NH2-terminal immunoreactivity was fourfold increased compared with in healthy subjects (p less than 0.001), whereas the COOH-terminal was identical, the NH2- and COOH-terminal concentrations being 33 +/- 7 and 22 +/- 2 pmol/l in duodenal ulcer and 35 +/- 6 and 21 +/- 1 pmol/l in acute gastritis. Other groups of patients had NH2- and COOH-terminal gastrin concentrations in serum similar to those measured in healthy subjects. The results suggest that gastrin cells process gastrin-17 abnormally during the acute phase of duodenal ulcer and gastritis. PMID- 6675185 TI - Magnesium deficiency after ileal resections for Crohn's disease. AB - The magnesium status of the body was studied in 87 patients with various lengths of small-bowel resections for Crohn's disease. The urinary magnesium excretion decreased with increasing resection length, and so did the concentration of magnesium in muscle. Muscular fatigue, an early symptom of magnesium deficiency, was positively correlated to a pathologically low concentration of muscle magnesium. It was concluded that clinically important magnesium deficiency, which was not detected by determination of serum magnesium, occurred in patients with ileal resections exceeding 75 cm. PMID- 6675186 TI - The effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion in man. AB - The effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in six healthy volunteers. Acid secretion was stimulated by instillation of a 10% solution of peptone, which was adjusted to pH 5.5, circulated through the stomach via a double-lumen gastric tube by a peristaltic pump. The acid secretion was estimated by continuous titration by a pH-stat. The subjects were studied twice on separate days, receiving an intravenous infusion of either VIP (1 microgram/kg/h) or saline. No effect on acid secretion was found. Mean serum gastrin concentration rose from 42 pmol/l to 150 pmol/l during meal stimulation and was unaffected by infusion of VIP. Plasma VIP concentration during infusion of saline was 6.8 pmol/l and during VIP infusion, 82.8 pmol/l. Plasma VIP concentration was unaffected by the peptone meal. PMID- 6675187 TI - The effect of prolonged strain on serum levels of human pancreatic polypeptide and group I pepsinogens. AB - Twenty-four young male subjects participated in a 5-day training course with long term physical exercise (35% of VO2max), calorie supply deficiency (intake of approximately 6300 kJ/24 h, against a combustion of approximately 40,000 kJ/24 h), and severe sleep deprivation (2 h of sleep as a total during 5 days). The subjects were divided into three groups; one group (no. = 7) had no compensation for the stress factors, another group (no. = 8) compensated for the calorie deficiency, whereas a third group (no. = 9) partly compensated for the sleep deprivation. Fasting serum concentration of human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) and group I pepsinogens (PGI) were measured immediately before the course, every morning during the course, and 8 h after the course. In addition, the serum response of hPP to a test meal was measured on day 3 during the course and in a control study performed 8 weeks later. The fasting serum concentration of hPP showed a two- to three-fold increase during the course in the low-caloric but not in the iso-caloric subjects. The serum concentration of hPP was decreased to pre course levels after 8 h of rest. The postprandial hPP response was elevated in all the subjects during the course, with a greater increase in the low-caloric subjects than in the subjects with calorie balance. Serum concentration of PGI was 10-30% decreased during the course, and the levels were normalized after 8 h of rest after the course. The study shows that the function of the hPP cell and the chief cell is influenced by prolonged, multifactorial strain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6675188 TI - Mucosal function of the perfused ileum in patients with and without diarrhoea and dumping after vagotomy and pyloroplasty. AB - Perfusion studies of the terminal ileum were performed in patients who had previously had vagotomy and pyloroplasty performed for peptic ulcer disease and who at follow-up study had either diarrhoea or dumping, or no symptoms (the control group). The aim was to elucidate possible pathophysiological factors contributing to the sequelae. Net movements of water, electrolytes, and sugars, unidirectional fluxes of sodium and chloride, and the transmural electrical potential difference (PD) were measured simultaneously with and without the influence of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC), 1.0 mmol/l, in the intestinal lumen. In patients without symptoms or with dumping, water and sodium chloride were absorbed during the control perfusion. Addition of CDC reduced the absorption or evoked secretion. In patients with diarrhoea the control perfusion disclosed a large spontaneous ileal secretion that was not influenced by CDC. The secretion was mainly due to a reduced mucosa-to-serosa flux of sodium and chloride and, to a lesser extent, to an increased serosa-to-mucosa flux. The diarrhoea patients showed an increased xylose absorption rate, suggesting an increased interepithelial leakiness. No change in PD was demonstrated. The effect of CDC on the unidirectional fluxes was identical in all three groups of patients. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the basic biological mechanisms are identical (and normal) in all patients, but the ileal epithelium of patients with diarrhoea secretes spontaneously and seems to be prestimulated by some at present unidentified agent. PMID- 6675189 TI - The delta agent in acute and chronic hepatitis B infection in Sweden. AB - The occurrence of the delta (delta) agent was analyzed in 89 patients with acute hepatitis B infection during 1976-1979 in Gothenburg, Sweden, and in 46 patients (16 drug addicts) with chronic HBsAg-positive liver disease. Four of the patients with acute hepatitis B had transiently detectable anti-delta antibodies in serum. At least three of these four cases were associated with intravenous drug abuse. Eleven of the HBsAg carriers (24%) were anti-delta-positive, and all of them were drug addicts. One of the drug addicts transmitted hepatitis B infection without detectable anti-delta in serum to two other non-addicts via parenteral routes. Apparently, in Sweden today delta-infection is mostly restricted to drug addicts and seldom found in other groups of hepatitis B patients. PMID- 6675191 TI - [Clinical significance of the appearance and dynamics of immune complexes in patients with chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6675192 TI - [Malnutrition as a factor in the onset of diseases of the mouth and teeth]. PMID- 6675190 TI - The accuracy of the clinical diagnosis in acute hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. Clinical versus morphological diagnosis. AB - Microfilms were prepared from the case histories of 357 consecutive patients submitted to liver biopsy for the first time so that all information after the time of the liver biopsy was erased. The microfilms were assessed by four clinicians, and the pre-biopsy diagnostic proposals were graded according to the degree of certainty and were compared with the results of the liver biopsies. Out of 357 patients, 200 had a history of alcoholism, of whom 172 had alcohol-induced changes in the liver biopsies: 80 cases of alcoholic cirrhosis, 84 cases of steatosis, and 8 cases of alcoholic hepatitis without cirrhosis. In 65 of the 80 patients with biopsy-verified alcoholic cirrhosis the clinical pre-biopsy diagnosis was in agreement with the histological findings. In 51 cases in which the clinical diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis was given as moderately certain or very certain, 4 clinically incorrect diagnoses occurred. No incorrect diagnoses occurred in the 35 cases in which the clinicians claimed the greatest diagnostic accuracy. In the 84 patients with steatosis in the liver biopsies the clinicians felt uncertain or moderately certain about all but 2 patients, and 14 incorrect diagnoses occurred. In none of the 8 patients with histological alcoholic hepatitis without cirrhosis was a correct clinical diagnosis made. The clinical pre-biopsy diagnosis of acute hepatitis was in agreement with the results of the liver biopsies in 52 out of 57 patients. In 51 cases in which the clinical diagnosis of acute hepatitis was given as moderately certain or very certain, 1 clinically incorrect diagnosis occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6675193 TI - [Role of oral surgery in the treatment of the sequelae of diseases of the mouth and teeth]. PMID- 6675194 TI - [The effect of prolonged physical exertion at various heart rates on levels of glucose, lactic acid and free fatty acids in the blood]. PMID- 6675196 TI - [Clinical experience with lateral cysts of the neck]. PMID- 6675195 TI - [The role of fever in protecting the body against acute infection. The severe form of the disease]. PMID- 6675197 TI - [Methods of detecting steatorrhea: study of feces using microscopy and administration of a test using triolein labeled with radioactive carbon]. PMID- 6675198 TI - [Diarrhea caused by Campylobacter: campylobacteriosis]. PMID- 6675199 TI - [Bronchopneumonia with a hemorrhagic syndrome and fatal outcome during the convalescence period after varicella]. PMID- 6675200 TI - [Case report of a patient with a solitary neurofibroma of the mandible]. PMID- 6675202 TI - Cerebral dysfunction associated with alcohol consumption. AB - Intellectual dysfunction, usually involving short-term memory, abstract reasoning, visuomotor coordination, intellectual flexibility, and spatial reasoning, is a well-documented finding among alcohol imbibers of various drinking styles. Despite the diversity of groups examined and the attempted control of variables other than alcohol consumption, little concensus has been reached with regard to the chronology of dysfunction (as related to lifetime drinking style, duration of alcoholism, quantity consumed per session, or type of potable). In many instances, diet, age, and even sex have outweighed the relative influence of alcohol in the degree of intellectual dysfunction. Morphologically, brain changes tend to be in the anterior/basal areas and may involve the third ventricle, diencephalic areas, and other focal variations. Cerebellar changes also are not uncommon yet may reflect a subgroup of alcoholics rather than a generalised trend. Generally, many intellectual deficits partially rebound rapidly within the first two or three weeks after cessation of drinking, with perhaps modest further improvement if sobriety is sustained for several months. Because of the extreme heterogeneity of the alcoholic population and the potent effect of ancillary variables upon measures of intellectual functioning, control and matching of demographic factors is a paramount consideration. Demographic variables of primary concern include age, sex, socio-economic status, education, duration of alcoholism, quantity of alcohol consumed per session, diet, psychotropic medications, secondary psychiatric diagnoses, secondary medical diagnoses, exact duration of abstinence, and prior exposure to psychometric instruments. PMID- 6675201 TI - Indomethacin-ethanol interactions on acute inflammation. AB - The effect of ethanol on the anti-inflammatory actions of indomethacin was studied using carrageenan-induced edema in the paw of the rat as the test for acute inflammation. The agents were administered 1 hour prior to carrageenan injection, and the volume of the paw was measured immediately and at 3 and 5 hours after carrageenan. Ethanol at 1, 2, and 4 g/kg and indomethacin at 5 and 20 mg/kg significantly inhibited paw edema at 3 and 5 hours. The combination of the various doses of ethanol and indomethacin produced the same degree of inhibition as ethanol alone and significantly higher inhibition than indomethacin alone. The concentration of indomethacin in the inflammed paw was significantly higher than in the other paw in animals receiving 20 mg/kg indomethacin alone and 5 or 20 mg/kg indomethacin in combination with 2 g/kg ethanol. Ethanol co-administration significantly increased the concentration of indomethacin in the inflammed paw. Whether the observed interaction is due to increased concentration of indomethacin at the site of action or to direct interaction of ethanol and indomethacin in the inflammation process remains unclear. PMID- 6675203 TI - The Missouri Alcoholism Severity Scale as a predictor of transfer from outpatient to inpatient treatment. AB - 102 patients (41 women) who were enrolled in Appleton 's Outpatient Treatment service between June 1, 1977 and June 1, 1978 required transfer to an inpatient setting. This comprised 17% of all admissions. The entry records of these individuals were scored for the Missouri Alcohol Severity Scale by entering retrospectively the data collected on admission. When, some time after their entry to the outpatient service, these individuals were transferred to an inpatient setting, they became part of the study sample. A like number of controls was also scored for alcoholism severity. The controls remained in the outpatient program successfully. Comparing the score of transferees and controls, the individuals had a statistically significant higher score on the Missouri Alcohol Severity Scale when they had first entered the outpatient clinic (p + 0.03). With addition of other questions, the Appleton Modification, the probability of this happening by chance was 0.001. The data support the concept that inpatient units may play a meaningful role in the course of alcoholism treatment. High dropout rates from outpatient treatment were among the limiting factors of the outpatient setting. PMID- 6675205 TI - The Joint French-U.S. Seminar of Phencyclidine and Related Arylcyclohexylamines. La Grande Motte (France), September 20-24, 1982. Abstracts. PMID- 6675204 TI - Addictive behaviour and the art of medicine. PMID- 6675206 TI - [Accidental poisoning by volatile hydrocarbons in children (apropos of 57 cases)]. AB - Most of the accidentally intoxicated children who are admitted into hospital have swallowed volatile hydrocarbons. The ingested products are either aliphatic hydrocarbons, whether white spirit or petrol, or aromatic hydrocarbons. We have collected informations upon 57 children admitted into the pediatric department of The American Memorial Hospital in Reims, from 1973 to 1982. The children's average age is 24 months and they have usually swallowed very small amounts of the products. Early clinical manifestations involve mainly respiratory and digestive systems, while the most frequent manifestation is high fever. The early roentgenologic manifestations have a predominantly alveolar pattern which is to be found in the lower lobes. The appearance of pneumatoceles is the typical roentgenologic disturbance. The recovery is usually complete. Hydrocarbons directly reach the lungs down the respiratory tract-even without the children's swallowing down the wrong tract-owing to the physical characteristics of those products. That accounts for any gastric lavage being both unnecessary and dangerous. PMID- 6675207 TI - [Poisoning by diazomethane inhalation]. AB - A case of Diazomethane intoxication has been reported. Diazomethane is gaz commonly used by pharmacological and industrial chemist. This case of intoxication is rare, since only 15 other cases have been published up to now. A review of the literature leads leads describe the clinical feature of such an intoxication by gaz inhalation. When Diazomethane is inhaled it induces respiratory and general disorders. In some cases, it be fatal, and, in some other cases, when a second exposure happens, bronchial asthma may appear. Post mortem studies show pulmonary oedema lesions with important inflammatory reaction localized in the peribronchia. It must be emphasized that direct aggression is probably responsive of toxical discorders, but increase of the symptoms consecutive to a second exposure are related to allergical mechanisms. PMID- 6675208 TI - [Collective acute poisoning by nitrous gases]. AB - A collective nitrous fumes poisoning (five cases) is reported. Two patients (case 3 and case 4) were comatose, in severe respiratory distress. Shock and slate blue cyanosis were noted. Physical examination and chest X ray revealed acute pulmonary edema-Methemoglobin levels were 71,3% (case 3) and 58% (case 4). Despite treatment both of them died from severe hypoxia resulting in cardiorespiratory arrest. Post-mortem examination was performed upon these four men. On admission the last one (case 5) was conscious, and in good hemodynamic condition. Acute pulmonary edema and cyanosis were present. Methemoglobin level was 37,3%. This patient recovered appropriate therapy. For case 1 and 2 acute anoxia due to methemoglobinemia seems to be cause of death. For cases 3 and 4 death is due to hypoxemia associated with pulmonary edema. PMID- 6675209 TI - [Acute poisoning by inhalation of metallic vapors]. AB - Seven cases of acute intoxications by inhalation of metallic vapors are reported. The metals involved were zinc in three cases, tin in one case and mercury in three cases. The severity of the respiratory symptoms was dependent from the inhalated metal. The inhalation of zinc or tin vapors produced an acute limited pneumonitis. A lesional pulmonary oedema and acute interstitial fibrosis with lethal outcome was observed in two cases of intoxication by mercury vapors. The treatment by dimercaptopropanol used in mercury intoxications, increased urinary mercury excretion, but did not improve the pulmonary symptoms. PMID- 6675210 TI - [The pulmonary toxicity of mercury vapors in the rat]. AB - Rats have been exposed for periods of 120 to 240 minutes to an atmosphere containing 6 +/- 0.7 mg per cu.m mercury vapor. All rats developed an acute respiratory distress which lead to death within 2 to 210 hours (mean 53.5 h). Microscopical examination of the lungs showed an oedema rich in fibrin, an epithelial necrosis, hyaline membranes and in two cases an interstitial fibrosis. Mercury levels in the lungs ranged between 0.5 and 9.37 micrograms per gramme wet weight. The activity of pulmonary superoxide dismutase was decreased to 1.57 +/- 0.66 micrograms per mg of soluble proteins, compared with the level of 5.01 +/- 0.76 micrograms per mg in control rats. This study confirm the pulmonary toxicity of mercury vapors observed in human intoxication. PMID- 6675211 TI - [Cobalt and sintered metal carbides. Value of the determination of cobalt as a tracer of exposure to hard metals]. AB - Cobalt urinary excretion should be a good way to know the level of exposition of subjects submitted to hard metals. The study is done on 28 workers of 3 different workrooms. Sunday 24 hours diuresis is retained. For 5 workers, the urinary cobalt measurements are done from samples made at the beginning and the end of work during 5 days. Atmospheric dust measurements are realized in different points of the 3 workrooms (individual and general samples). For measures atomic absorption spectrometry is used. The results show a good correlation between cobalt exposure and urinary concentrations. Friday evening urinary cobalt is a good expression of week exposure. The results obtained well correlate with those of others authors. Cobalt urinary measures are proposed for supervision of workers exposed to hard metals. PMID- 6675212 TI - [Toxic pneumopathy following voluntary ingestion of 1 1/2 liters of gas-oil]. AB - Authors recall an original observation about a twenty years old young girl who ingested one and half litre of gas-oil for suicide. A severe toxic lung disease appeared in the following days. Several weeks will be necessary for complete resorption, but no heavy breathing assistance will be needed. This observation confirmates the very rare cases described in publication. PMID- 6675213 TI - [Effect of HF on the hepatic metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine in the rat]. AB - The authors have studied the action of fluorine, administered by inhalation, on the liver metabolism of a chemical carcinogen: dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). The results demonstrate a decrease in the level of cytochrome P450 and in the activity of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase in animals treated with DMN or DMN + HF. The greater inhibition in the presence of HF is paralleled by a decrease in the weight of the liver and in the synthesis of liver microsomal proteins. This reduction of activity (with the exception of dimethylnitrosamine demethylase which is unaffected) is supported by the result of the histological examinations showing two different types of lesion-necrotic toxic hepatitis and post-hepatitic cirrhosis - the frequency of which is much higher in the presence of fluorine. PMID- 6675214 TI - [Evaluation of a systematic analysis scheme used in clinical toxicology. Evaluation of 4 years' experience in a national health laboratory]. AB - The author describes briefly a systematic analytical approach in emergency toxicology during the past 4 years. In all cases, a systematic toxicological investigation was performed and the results are listed. In 30% of the cases, the nature of the poison suspected by the clinician could not be confirmed by toxicological analysis and in an other 30% of the cases, the toxicologist had no clinical information at all. PMID- 6675215 TI - Current concepts in ultrastructural pathology. Diagnosis of human tumors. The Aspen course, Aspen, Colorado, August 2-6, 1982. PMID- 6675216 TI - Diagnosis of human tumors. Case 3: Renal oncocytoma. PMID- 6675217 TI - Diagnosis of human tumors. Case 4: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung, intermediate size cell type. PMID- 6675218 TI - Diagnosis of human tumors. Case 5: Metastatic paraganglioma in lung (primary in left carotid body). PMID- 6675219 TI - Diagnosis of human tumors. Case 8: Ewing's sarcoma with intermediate filaments. PMID- 6675220 TI - Diagnosis of human tumors. Case 9: Epithelioid sarcoma. PMID- 6675221 TI - Diagnosis of human tumors. Case 12: Medullary thyroid carcinoma forming follicles. PMID- 6675222 TI - Diagnosis of human tumors. Case 13: Extracranial meningioma. PMID- 6675223 TI - Diagnosis of human tumors. Case 14: Schwann cell tumor of the small intestine. PMID- 6675224 TI - Diagnosis of human tumors. Case 15: Melanotic schwannoma. PMID- 6675225 TI - Gas inertia and ventilatory measurements under pressure: methodological considerations. AB - A bag-in-box apparatus with a spirometer was used to measure the ventilatory minute volume in subjects exercising at air pressures up to 6.8 atm. During rest there was good agreement between minute volumes derived from the expired gas in the bag and the sum of tidal volumes from the spirometer, whereas during exercise the bag volume exceeded the spirometer volume by up to 20%. This was found to be due to the inertia of high density gas in the breathing hoses. Given sufficient flow rate the gas would continue to flow from the box to the bag following end expiration and end inspiration. The spirometer would not record this because it only responds to changes in the sum of box and bag volumes, whereas emptying the bag through a gas meter records the volume of gas actually moved. A model was constructed to investigate the phenomenon. It was concluded that many different conventional setups for respiratory measurements may be subject to this type of error. Solutions to the problem include a collapsible tube section downstream from the subject, pneumotachometers, chest-mounted magnetometers, or inductive plethysmographs. PMID- 6675226 TI - Cardiovascular effects of induced decompression sickness in sheep fetus. AB - Ten chronically catheterized near-term sheep fetuses were used to study the effect of induced intravascular bubbling on fetal placental vascular dynamics and fetal regional blood flows. Fetal blood pressure and heart rate were measured, and radioactive microspheres were administered to fetuses before and 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after a simulated no-decompression dive to 100 fsw (4 ATA) for 25 min. A decrease in brain blood flow was the only effect observed 5 min after decompression. Fifteen minutes later arterial hypertension was evident. Eight fetuses displayed arrhythmia, but there was no significant change in heart rate, myocardial blood flow, or resistance. There was a reduction in blood flow, and a concomitant increase in vascular resistance, in the gut, kidneys, placental membranes, and skeletal muscle, as well as in the brain. Total placental blood flow was unchanged throughout the postdive period, although placental vascular resistance was elevated 20 min after surfacing. Analysis of the placental blood flow at the cotyledonary level in 6 animals revealed no uniform response to decompression. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the instrumented fetus suffers widespread vascular embolization and disruption of organ blood flows. We conclude that the observed changes in the fetal cardiovascular system, however, are not precipitated by an initial effect of decompression on the fetal placental circulation. PMID- 6675227 TI - Field study of ventilation in volunteer scuba divers during head-out immersion. AB - Seven subjects had spirometric studies during head-out immersion before and after working at depth in coral research. Under the variable environmental conditions of a field study the seven subjects demonstrated changes in the spirometric variables consistent with those found in wet laboratories. Exercise at depth did not change the variables from preexercise levels. This suggests either that the body reestablishes preexercise head-out immersion equilibrium rapidly or that subtle changes were beyond the sensitivity of the instrument. On head-out immersion, one subject with abnormal control values of FEV1/FVC% and FEF25-75 had a rise rather than a fall in these values, which was the opposite of that of the other six subjects and the expected result. PMID- 6675228 TI - Effects of helium-oxygen and hyperbaric helium-oxygen environment on drug metabolizing enzyme activity in rat liver. AB - The effects of room-air normoxic (22 degrees C +/- 1 degree C), 1.2-ATA He-O2 (400 mmHg PO2, 29.0 degree C +/- 1 degree C), and 21-ATA He-O2 (400 mmHg PO2, 32.5 degrees C +/- 1 degree C) environments were investigated on the activity of drug-metabolizing enzyme systems in rat liver, as monitored by O-dealkylation and N-dealkylation reactions. Continuous exposure of rats to both He-O2 environments for 12 days significantly increased the in vitro activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver preparations. The increase in the in vitro O-dealkylation of p nitroanisole based on product formed X mg protein-1 X 20 min-1 was 32.2% (P less than 0.05) between normoxic animals and those exposed to 1.2 ATA He-O2, and 24.4% (P less than 0.01) in animals exposed to between 1.2 and 21 ATA He-O2. A significant increase of 48.8% (P less than 0.001) was noted between normoxic animals and those exposed to 21 ATA He-O2. Similar differences were noted if the data were expressed on the basis of 200 mg liver wet wt. The N-dealkylation of morphine based on product formed X mg protein-1 X 20 min-1 was significantly increased between animals kept at normoxic and at 1.2-ATA He-O2 conditions (17.6%, P less than 0.05) and between animals kept at normoxic and at 21 ATA He O2 conditions (28.2%, P less than 0.05). No significant differences for N dealkylation of morphine were noted between animal groups at 1.2 and those at 21 ATA He-O2 nor between any animal groups for N-dealkylation of cocaine. PMID- 6675229 TI - Pulmonary capillary blood volume during immersion in water at different temperatures. AB - Pulmonary capillary blood volume (Qc) was determined for 7 subjects in the standing posture and immersed up to the sternal manubrium at three water temperatures: 34 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C, thermally neutral bath; 25 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C, cold bath; and 40 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C, hot bath. The Qc was calculated from the lung transfer factor DLco measured while breathing two gas mixtures (21.1% O2 and 90.0% O2) during breath holding. Control experiments in a dry air environment show that Qc values for standing posture decrease compared to the sitting values, owing to a redistribution of the intrathoracic blood volume to lower body parts as a result of gravity. Immersion at 34 degrees C in an upright position produces a significant increase in Qc (P less than 0.01). This is a result of the hydrostatic counterpressure: blood shifts from the periphery to the intrathoracic regions. Immersion at 25 degrees C increases Qc compared to the values obtained at 34 degrees C, but the difference is not significant. The contribution of vasoconstriction to blood volume shift in cold water is probably less important than that of hydrostatic counterpressure. During immersion at 40 degrees C, the rise in Qc is very significant (P less than 0.05). This may be explained by an increase in cardiac output and central blood volume when skin temperature is raised at 40 degrees C. PMID- 6675230 TI - Decrease of ether induction time after exposure to dysbaric conditions in rat. AB - In 22 adult male albino rats (means = 565 g) it was consistently observed that the time required to anesthetize them with 5 ml of diethyl ether after a hyperbaric exposure of 6 ATA using compressed air decreased depending on the severity of the animals' post-decompression reaction to the compression decompression exposure. Monitoring the time required to lightly anesthetize adult male rats with diethyl ether to a point of losing the righting reflex after a particular compression-decompression exposure provided an indication of the rats' post-exposure state of health. This technique aided in correctly establishing if a rat developed a degree of decompression sickness that may have otherwise gone unnoticed. The loss of resistance to ether induction as a result of decompression sickness may be related to alterations in the blood-brain barrier, blood perfusion inequities, or changes in cardiopulmonary mechanics due to the presence of gaseous emboli. Rats that survived the compression-decompression exposures showed a marked resistance to ether induction after 24 h of recovery. PMID- 6675231 TI - Properties of red blood cell after multiday exposure to 31 ATA. AB - Hematologic changes, osmotic fragility of red cells, and lipid contents of plasma and red blood cells were determined during the course of a 14-day dry saturation dive at 31 ATA (SEADRAGON IV). Increases in hematocrit and red blood cell count were observed during the early period at 31 ATA, which was attributed to hemoconcentration resulting from a diuresis. The osmotic fragility of red blood cells decreased slightly during the course of the experiment, but the changes were not related to the atmospheric pressure. Cholesterol and phospholipid content of the red blood cell and the plasma showed slight, insignificant daily variations independent of pressure. However, the same overall correlation was observed between the osmotic fragility and the phosphatidylcholine content of red blood cells and between the osmotic fragility and the total cholesterol level in the plasma, at both 1 ATA and 31 ATA. These correlations revealed an intimate relationship between the cell fragility and lipid composition of the cell membrane and the plasma within intra- and interindividual variations during the course of the experiment, but did not indicate any significant alteration of red blood cell function by the prolonged exposure to 31 ATA helium-oxygen environment. These results indicate that the exposure of human divers to 31 ATA for 14 days does not seem to induce any irreversible chemical changes in the red blood cell. PMID- 6675232 TI - Symposium on biochemical markers for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6675233 TI - Pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6675234 TI - S-CK and S-CK B in suspected acute myocardial infarction. Routine methodology and diagnostic strategy evaluated by the Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes. PMID- 6675235 TI - Methodology and stability of selected analytes used as markers of myocardial disease. PMID- 6675236 TI - The diagnostic and prognostic value of serum-myoglobin determinations in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6675237 TI - Cardioprotective effects of increased myocardial glycogen stores and beta blockers in cardiac surgery. PMID- 6675239 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute intestinal obstruction in incomplete obliteration of the vitellointestinal duct in children]. AB - The authors have performed operations on 132 children with different kinds of acute intestinal ileus caused by the Meckel diverticulum. Out of 132 children operated upon 22 patients (16,6%) died, 15 of them were newborns. The clinical picture and treatment of the disease are described. PMID- 6675238 TI - [Isolated injuries of the gallbladder]. PMID- 6675240 TI - [Results of the treatment of Hirschsprung disease using the Duhamel operation]. AB - The Duhamel operation was performed on 136 children with Hirschsprung's disease. Eight patients died. Results of the operation were studied in 121 patients within the terms of from 1 to 17 years. Late complications were noted in 7 patients. In the other 114 patients remote results of the treatment were good. PMID- 6675241 TI - [Organ-preserving surgery in closed injuries of the kidneys in children]. AB - Fourteen organ-preserving operations were fulfilled for deep ruptures of kidneys in children aged from 2.5 to 14. The examination including echography and dynamic scintigraphy in addition to traditional methods has shown good reestablishment of functioning the damaged kidney. The authors believe the operative organ preserving treatment to be expedient for deep ruptures of the kidney. PMID- 6675242 TI - [Acute destructive cholecystitis in a 9-month-old boy]. PMID- 6675243 TI - [Controlled drainage of the thoracic lymph duct]. AB - A surgical technique and experience with the clinical employment of catheterization of the thoracic lymph duct with the help of silicon cannulae are described. The method of catheterization of the thoracic lymph duct allows controlling the day volume of the lymph loss and prevents different clinical manifestations of lymphostasis in the nearest postoperative period. PMID- 6675244 TI - [Long-term results of emergency microsurgery operations in severe injuries and amputations of large segments of the upper limbs]. AB - Under study were blood circulation, innervation and functions of distal parts of upper arms in 114 patients operated upon for traumatic abjunction and severe injuries of large segments. The state of blood circulation was found to be satisfactory within the terms of from 4 to 27 months. The degree of the extremity reinnervation was dependent on the level of the nerve injury and when observed longer than a year it was found to repair up to the level of hypesthesia without hyperpathia. The functional results of such operations were noted to depend on the character of trauma, the completeness and quality of repair of damaged nerves and tendons, on adequacy of rehabilitation therapy in the postoperative period. PMID- 6675245 TI - [Correction of the foot after transplantation of the toes and foot tissues to the hands]. AB - Main practical directions in rehabilitation of feet after microsurgical transplantations of different transplants from feet to hands are described. Four main groups of operations with different specific features of rehabilitation of feet both during operation and in the postoperative period were distinguished on the basis of an experience with the treatment of 46 patients. PMID- 6675246 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of injuries of the Achilles tendon]. PMID- 6675247 TI - [Approach to the injured Achilles tendon]. PMID- 6675248 TI - [Significance of studying hemodynamic reactions to physical exertion in the evaluation of work capacity of women after surgery for congenital heart defects]. AB - The hemodynamic indices under conditions of growing physical exercise were studied in 15 healthy women and 17 patients operated for the congenital heart disease. The operated women were found to have a restricted ability to increase the stroke volume. The individual choice of the level of everyday domestic and professional activity should be made with special reference to individual hemodynamic reactions upon the physical exercise. PMID- 6675249 TI - [Leukocyte index of intoxication in acute suppurative and inflammatory lung diseases]. AB - The leukocyte intoxication index (LII) was examined in 292 patients with acute abscesses, pulmonary gangrenes and pneumonias. The more extended and severe the process, the higher were the LII parameters. It was the highest in patients with pulmonary gangrene, the lowest with focal pneumonia. The index is considered to represent the dynamics of the process allowing to timely diagnose the development of the disease and its complications. A simple formula of LII is proposed which makes its application easier. PMID- 6675250 TI - [Diseases of the artificial esophagus]. AB - A classification of diseases of the artificial esophagus is made on the basis of the observation of 319 patients with the artificial esophagus. Causes of the disease are analysed in 75 patients. Methods of diagnostics, treatment and prevention of the disease are recommended. PMID- 6675251 TI - [Criteria of benign and malignant ulceration of the stomach]. AB - Observations were made on 183 patients with benign ulcers and 48 patients with ulcerated forms of gastric cancer subjected to gastric resection. The data obtained at examining the patients are analyzed. A conclusion is made that the final diagnosis of the character of gastric ulceration is possible only after a histological analysis of endoscopic biopsy and of the preparation removed during operation. PMID- 6675252 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with morbid obesity]. AB - Indications for operative procedures, preoperative preparation, operative methods and postoperative management of the patients are discussed on the basis of an experience with the surgical treatment of 46 patients with morbid obesity. The surgical treatment is believed by the authors to be indicated for morbid obesity of the IIIrd and IVth stages when conservative measures proved to be unsuccessful. Positive results were obtained in most the patients operated upon. Two patients died after operation. PMID- 6675253 TI - [Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. AB - The Mallory-Weiss syndrome is thought to occur more frequently than it is diagnosed. For its diagnosis fibrogastroscopy should be used widely. The surgical tactics for the disease is to be changed--to be more conservative, since arrest of the bleeding is possible by non-operative methods in a considerable number of patients (31,5%). PMID- 6675254 TI - [Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis]. AB - Data of ultrasonic scanning of 117 patients with acute cholecystitis are analyzed. The gallbladder was visualized in 95,7% of examinations. Operations were performed on 38 patients. Gallstones were revealed by echosonography in 94,7% of cases. Echosonography should be widely used in diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and in analysing the indications for surgical treatment. PMID- 6675255 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of traumatic fistulas of the pancreas]. AB - The experience with the treatment of 13 patients with pancreatic fistulas is presented. Good effects of hypothermia in preventing postoperative complications is shown. PMID- 6675257 TI - [Ulcero-necrotic enterocolitis complicated by peritonitis]. AB - Among 217 patients with acute peritonitis there were 12 patients with the peritonitis developed against the background of segmentary enteritis or colitis. The article describes this form of peritonitis characterized by great severity, rapid development and high death rate. On the detection of a necrotic segment of the small intestine, a one-step resection within the limits of healthy tissues is indicated. Two-steps operations are expedient for necrosis of the colon. PMID- 6675256 TI - [Retroperitoneal novocaine block in the treatment of diseases of the colon]. AB - Novokain retroperitoneal blockades were used in 150 patients with non-specific ulcerative colitis, diverticulosis and functional disturbances of the colon. The blockades allowed improving results of the treatment, normalizing the motor function, cupping off the inflammatory process, shortening the time of staying at the hospital. PMID- 6675258 TI - [Central hemodynamics in diffuse peritonitis]. AB - Under examination were 134 patients with diffuse peritonitis. The elevated indices of the central hemodynamics (hyperkinetic conditions) was established in the reactive phase of peritonitis followed by growing symptoms of heart failure and general decompensation of blood circulation in the toxic and terminal phases. A difference between the terminal phase of peritonitis and septic shock developing at early stages of the process is shown. PMID- 6675259 TI - [Reconstructive surgery in lesions of the vertebral artery]. AB - The investigation of 33 patients with occlusive disease of the vertebral arteries has shown atherosclerosis to be the most common cause of the disease. The optimum method of the surgical treatment for isolated injuries of the vertebral arteries is thought to be a transsubclavian endarterectomy from the orifice of the vertebral artery. Multiple injuries should be treated by a one-step reconstruction of the vertebral and subclavian arteries. The data obtained allow these operations to be recommended for use in the vascular centers. PMID- 6675260 TI - [Complications in the postoperative period resulting in recurrent nephrolithiasis]. AB - Under study were the factors influencing the recidivation of nephrolithiasis. An analysis of 1310 operations was made. Organ-preserving operations made up 90,3%. The analysis of repeated operations shows the transparenchymatous pathology for the removal of a kidney stone to be complicated by recurrent stones in 73% of cases. A disturbed outflow of urine not corrected in due time after operation results in purulent injuries of the kidney with or without a recurrent stone in 35,8% of cases. A recidivation of the disease is also related with urine leakage into the retroperitoneal fat. Technical improvement of the operative procedures and prevention of complications can make the operative treatment of nephrolithiasis more effective. PMID- 6675261 TI - [Villous tumors of the colon]. AB - Under observation there were 26 men and 15 women with villous tumors of the colon. Radical operations were performed on 26 patients. Two of them died in the postoperative period. Eighteen patients survived for more than 5 years. PMID- 6675262 TI - [Interiliac-abdominal amputation in sarcoma of the bones and soft tissues of the pelvic girdle]. AB - The interilio-abdominal amputation was fulfilled in 62 patients for the period from 1960 to 1979. The postoperative mortality was 6,4%. General five-year survival was 24,3% +/- 5,6. The survival terms were dependent first of all on the tumor type. The advances of anesthesiology, reanimatology and operative oncology have considerably reduced the danger of interilio-abdominal amputation. So, indications for the operation can become wider even in the cases when it has a palliative character. PMID- 6675263 TI - [Prevention of synovitis after surgery of the knee joint]. AB - To prevent postoperative synovitis in 382 patients operated upon for injuries and diseases of the knee joint (traumas of menisci, ruptures of crucial and collateral ligaments, Hoffa's disease etc.) 60 mg of prednisolone was administered into the joint cavity at the end of the operation. The intra articular injection of prednisolone was shown to considerably reduce incidence of synovitis. PMID- 6675264 TI - [Ligation of the 3d portion of the vertebral artery]. PMID- 6675266 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus]. PMID- 6675265 TI - [Ischemia of the lower limbs in dissecting aneurysm of the aorta]. PMID- 6675267 TI - [Variant of the surgical approach to the caval fossa of the liver]. PMID- 6675268 TI - [Strangulated internal paracecal hernia]. PMID- 6675269 TI - [Multiple synchronous cancer of the colon]. PMID- 6675272 TI - [Infectious intracardiac complications of gunshot wounds of the heart]. AB - The author describes two cases of gunshot wounds of the heart complicated by an abscessing form of an infectious septic endocarditis. The disease resulted in the destruction of the mitral valve with multiple arterial embolism in one case and in the perforation of the interventricular septum in the other. The patients were operated on. Remote results were good. PMID- 6675270 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of Mondor's disease in sportsmen]. PMID- 6675273 TI - [Injuries of the heart and pericardium]. AB - In the peace time wounds of the heart occur in 13-15% of penetrating injuries of the chest. Of leading importance in diagnostics of heart wounds is the triad of symptoms: hemorrhage, tamponage of the heart, wound in the heart projection. The main task in the treatment of heart wounds is to suture the wound. PMID- 6675271 TI - [Progressive epifascial gangrene]. PMID- 6675274 TI - [Use of cyanoacrylate glue MK-6 in the treatment of injuries of the esophagus]. AB - The experimental work with the application of cyanacrylate glue MK-6 for the treatment of cut and gunshot wounds of the cervical part of the esophagus enabled the authors to make a conclusion that the best method of closing the wound of the esophagus is suturing the defect followed by additional hermetization of the suture by the MK-6 glue. PMID- 6675275 TI - [Metal osteosynthesis in fresh closed fractures of the diaphyses of long tubular bones]. AB - Metallic osteosynthesis must be used for fractures of the diaphysis of long tubular bones on the basis of strict indications. Its high efficiency can be reached by creation of the ideal adaptation, good interfragmental contact and absolute fixity of the fragments. The compression osteosynthesis is thought to be a perspective method. PMID- 6675276 TI - [Penetrating wounds of the abdomen with injuries of the small intestine, common iliac artery and inferior vena cava]. PMID- 6675277 TI - [Experimental infection of pigs with Akabane virus]. PMID- 6675278 TI - [Nephrogenic anemia and porphyrin biosynthesis]. AB - Porphyrin biosynthesis in erythrocytes, after incubation with delta aminolevulinic acid (DALA) was studied in 180 patients with renal diseases. A decrease of porphyrin synthesis was confirmed as early as the compensated stage of the disease with normal hematological indices. With the advancement of the renal insufficiency the biosynthesis of porphyrin and porphobilinogen was progressively decreased, as well as the percentage of DALA used in porphyrins synthesis and the activity of porphobilinogen synthesis in erythrocytes, accompanied by a progressive deterioration of the hematological indices. The correlation between the functional state of the kidneys, the indices of porphyrins metabolism and hematological indices in the patients with chronic renal diseases is underlined. PMID- 6675279 TI - [Plasma protein loss via the gastrointestinal tract in nephrotic syndrome patients]. AB - Plasma protein loss via gastrointestinal tract was determined in 24 patients with clinical and laboratory data for manifested nephrosis syndrome, 21 of them being with various histological forms of chronic glomerulonephritis, 2--with disseminated lupus erythematosus and 1--with renal amyloidosis. Isotope labelled chromium trichloride was intravenously applied, marking the albumin pool in a dose of 0.5 micro curie (20 KBq/kg body weight). In four patients an increased fecal radio-activity was established amounting to 1.00 to 2.63 per cent of the injected dose for 96 hours. The possible causes for that phenomenon are discussed as well as its significance in the advancement of nephrosis syndrome. PMID- 6675280 TI - [Electrocardiographic studies in acute inferior cardiac infarct]. AB - Studies via the orthogonal electrocardiographic systems of Frank, McFee, SVEC III and Akulinicef were carried out in 91 patients with acute inferior transnural cardiac infarctions, confirmed clinically, electrocardiographically and enzymatically (in 35 patients at necropsy). A higher number of statistically significant indices was found in males (49) as compared with females (40). McFee system indicated the highest number of pathological indices (27), whereas the rest three--almost equal number (Frank and Akulinicev--20 and SVEC III--22). The distribution of the indices in the separate axes established most frequent involvement of the axis Y by the first three systems, and in Akulinicev--most frequently--the axis X. The systems of Frank, McFee and SVEC III were established to indicate direct necrotic-lesion alterations in the axis Y, whereas the system of Akulinicev--only indirect in the axis X. The probable causes for that fact are discussed. The differentiation of inferior-lateral infarction is possible electrocardiographically with all the systems. The indices with high and exceptionally high correlation dependence are reported according to systems and sex. Sex discrepancies are present for Qy in Frank and SVEC III and for Rx--in McFee. PMID- 6675281 TI - [Time, place, causes and prevention of sudden cardiac death]. PMID- 6675282 TI - [Dynamics of the incidence of myocardial infarct in Smolyan District 1965-1979]. AB - The authors, on the base of a retrospective study on morbidity rate of myocardial infarction carried out in Smolyan district for the period 1965-1979, established a pronounced tendency to an increase number of the diseases in the district. The latter resulted from the effect of a complicated complex of social, economic and psychological factors. What is characteristic for the district is that the diseases number tends to increase during the winter and spring months. The circadian cyclic recurrence of the origination of the disease is manifested by a sharp increase of the cases during the night and early morning hours. The mass engagement of the women in the economic and public life led to an increased number of infarctions among them during the last six years of the observation period. With age advancement, the number of infarction rapidly grew, reaching the highest values among the age groups over 50. PMID- 6675283 TI - [Pulmonary edema in pulmonary thromboembolism]. AB - Thirty six decreased with pulmonary thrombembolism (PTE) were analytically studied. 18 of them being with concomitant pulmonary edema (PE), confirmed pathologoanatomically. The incidence established was in 50 per cent of all the deceased, most often in combination with the unfavourable--factors arterial hypertension IIB stage and ischemic heart disease in 77,7 per cent. The effect of two factors on hemodynamics is discussed--elevated peripheral vascular resistance and coronary ischemia. In 18 deceased patients with PTE and PE the multiple intrapulmonary localization of emboli (61%) was predominating as well as the advancement of right cardiac insufficiency. PMID- 6675284 TI - [Cardiovascular changes among deceased patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy among 9015 autopsied over the age of 14]. AB - Out of 9015 necropsies of patients, over the age of 14, performed between January 1, 1967 and March 1, 1979 at a general hospital in Sofia, 729 of them (8,07%) proved to have diabetes as well. Renal complications were found in 315 of them (43,2%)--chronic pyelonephritis being most frequent (21,2% of all diabetics) followed by diabetic glomerulosclerosis (DG)--18,5 per cent of the diabetics and in 7,9 per cent--a combination of both complications. The authors studied only the patients with DG. They lived about 5,2 years, on the average, less than the other diabetics and 91,1 per cent of them had arterial hypertension versus 61,3 per cent among the rest of the diabetics. A total of 90 per cent of the hypertonics with DG had left ventricular hypertrophy--I--III stage. Atheromatosis of aorta and coronary arteries were found, in those deceased from hypertonic disease, to be more frequent and more severely manifested, than those decreased from chronic pyelonephritis with hypertension and than those deceased from chronic glomerulonephritis with hypertension in all age groups. Regardless of that, the morbidity rate among the deceased with DG from cardiac complications is a little less than that among the deceased from hypertonic disease and the causes for brain vascular complications among diabetics, in spite of the more frequent and more severe atherogenesis has been three times less rare than among the deceased from hypertonic disease. Very likely, the involvement of the kidneys contributes to those discrepancies. PMID- 6675285 TI - [High-frequency tonal threshold hearing changes in diabetes mellitus]. AB - Hypoacusis diabetic neuro-sensorica was established in 45 per cent of 100 patients with diabetes mellitus examined by high frequency audiometry, whereas by a standard audiometry (a frequency range to 8 kHz), the affection was established in 21 per cent of the cases. That indicates the high significance of high frequency audiometry in the early detection of the complication of diabetes mellitus. The diabetic hypoacusis is more frequently found in patients that had had manifestations of neuropathies as well as in patients with insulin independent diabetes, to a certain extent in patients with frequent decompensations of the basic disease. No correlation was established between the origination of hypoacusis and patients' age, the duration of the diabetes and the presence of vascular degenerative syndrome. PMID- 6675286 TI - [Functional criteria for differentiating blast cells in acute leukemia]. AB - Eighty nine patients were examined that had various clinical-morphological forms of acute leukosis, the phagocytic activity of leukosis cells being determined and the synthesis and secretion of lysozyme by them followed up, reflected in its serum level. Leukosis cells of monoblast type were established to have the ability to ingest staphylococci, candida and particles of latex, as well as to synthesize lysozyme, confirmed by the highly elevated enzyme quantity in the sera of the patients. Those functional manifestations are proposed to be used as additional criteria in the determination of cellular type of leukosis proliferation. PMID- 6675287 TI - [Description of disseminated intravascular coagulation in a case diagnosed intravitally]. AB - A brief survey of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is presented, with clinical, paraclinical and pathologoanatomical characteristic. The difficulties in making the diagnosis at the clinic are stressed upon, authors' observations on one male subject, admitted to the clinic with multiple extensive subcutaneous hemorrhages are reported, that were followed by successive pareses of the lower and upper limbed. The case had a lethal end with manifestations of pulmonary edema and cerebral coma on the base of the disseminated intravascular coagulation. The diagnosis was made, while still living, by skin biopsy and later at necropsy--confirmed thrombus in the lungs, heart, kidneys and brain. PMID- 6675288 TI - [Effectiveness and tolerance of "Lignocainum hydrochloricum" in the treatment of arrhythmia in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6675289 TI - [Respiratory tract infection in mechanically ventilated patients]. PMID- 6675291 TI - [The state of pediatric nephrological diagnostic services in the Walbrzych province]. PMID- 6675290 TI - [Evaluation of various urine-acidifying agents]. PMID- 6675292 TI - [A case of acute hepatic porphyria]. PMID- 6675293 TI - [Unusually extensive pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in a patient with pyloric stenosis and mechanical ileus]. PMID- 6675294 TI - [Surgical treatment of incarcerated inguinal hernia in a 104-year-old woman]. PMID- 6675295 TI - [Pseudoneoplastic gastric deformity in acute recurrent pancreatitis]. PMID- 6675297 TI - [Kidney damage after treatment with butapyrazole]. PMID- 6675298 TI - [Tuberculous meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 6675296 TI - [A case of inflammatory dilatation of the upper urinary tract in a child as a late complication of the surgical treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux]. PMID- 6675299 TI - [Arthritis manubriosternalis]. PMID- 6675300 TI - [Pathophysiology of the digestive tract in elderly persons (I)]. PMID- 6675301 TI - [Post-infarction shock--clinical aspects, histochemical studies and postmortem coronarography]. PMID- 6675302 TI - [Microbiological analysis of postoperative wound exudates from patients in general surgery clinics]. PMID- 6675303 TI - [Temperature of the surrounding tissues during local renal hypothermia]. PMID- 6675304 TI - [Biodemographic aspects of the incidence of skin cancer]. PMID- 6675305 TI - [Ultrasonometric studies of fetuses with intrauterine dystrophy in H gestosis]. PMID- 6675306 TI - [Usefulness of the bacteriological transport kit no. 1 in maxillofacial surgery and stomatology]. PMID- 6675307 TI - [A case of cold agglutinin disease]. PMID- 6675308 TI - [A case of malignant pleural mesothelioma treated by a combined method]. PMID- 6675309 TI - [A case of Brower's disease]. PMID- 6675310 TI - [A case of intolerance to a contraceptive intrauterine device]. PMID- 6675311 TI - [General principles of the nutrition of elderly persons. II]. PMID- 6675312 TI - [Hypertension among the working population]. PMID- 6675313 TI - [Skin changes and symptoms in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6675314 TI - [Occupational exposure to heavy metals in foundry workers]. PMID- 6675315 TI - [Mortality and causes of death among patients operated on for appendicitis]. PMID- 6675316 TI - [Effect of zinc on immunoproteins in women with uterine myomas]. PMID- 6675317 TI - [The nature of memory and learning]. PMID- 6675318 TI - [2 cases of pulmonary mycobacteriosis]. PMID- 6675319 TI - [Acute renal failure in multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6675320 TI - [Gangrene of the ascending colon wall as a complication of cancer of the right colonic flexure]. PMID- 6675321 TI - [Bilateral dislocation of the knee joints complicated by subacute ischemia of the limb]. PMID- 6675322 TI - [Pharmacotherapy of urologic diseases in general practice]. PMID- 6675323 TI - Proceedings of the International Commission on Trichinellosis. No XVII. PMID- 6675324 TI - The interaction of arylalkybenzimidazoles and related compounds with microsomal oxidation. AB - A series of 2-arylalkyl- and 2-(4'-alkyl)phenoxymethylbenzimidazoles was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of mixed-function oxidase activity in phenobarbitone- and beta-naphthoflavone-induced rat liver microsomes. Higher homologues of the 2-arylalkyl series were more potent inhibitors than lower homologues against all mono-oxygenase activities except aniline p-hydroxylation. Smaller 2-substituents were associated with relatively low-affinity reverse type I spectral binding behaviour, whereas larger substituents were associated with type I binding of high affinity. PMID- 6675325 TI - Distribution and excretion of methamphetamine and its metabolites in rats. II. Time-course of concentration in blood and distribution after multiple oral administration. AB - The time-course of total blood radioactivity after oral administration of 3H methamphetamine, following multiple oral administration of non-radioactive methamphetamine for 7 and 14 days to rats, was examined to elucidate the effects of multiple administration on enterohepatic circulation. Whole-body autoradiographs of rats after oral administration of 14C-methamphetamine showed high levels of radioactivity in contents of stomach and small intestine, bladder urine, liver, and various glands. Distribution of methamphetamine and the major metabolite in tissues during multiple dosing was investigated; accumulation occurred in brain, liver, testis and fat. Multiple oral administration of methamphetamine to rats slightly induced enzyme activities of N-demethylation and aromatic hydroxylation of methamphetamine in rat-liver 9000 g supernatant. PMID- 6675329 TI - [Typology, place, time]. AB - The conception of the kinetic typology (H. Tellenbach ) represents a substantial extension of the genetically and peristatically , that means the constitutionally referred typology. By the characteristics of the " Typos " which became traditional form the antiquity one can gain important dimensions concerning the patient's existance and way of living to the purely clinical-phenomenologic exposition of the type of disease. In this correlation Typos , Topos and Chronos prove to be categories related to each other on principle within the frame of a kinetic typology. PMID- 6675328 TI - [Dreams and communication]. AB - Since S. Freud in psychoanalytic theories of dreaming the communicative function of dreaming attained more and more importance. Phenomenological researchers - e. g. L. Binswanger, V. E. v. Gebsattel , M. Boss , D. v. Uslar and especially D. Wyss - consider communication and meeting as origin of dream-experience. They emphasize the possibilities of "being" and "existence" which are inaugurated by dreaming. D. Wyss widened the horizon of understanding by pointing out the relation of dreams to "perspective/ aperspective " and to the category of "possibilities". He describes the therapeutic interpretation of dreams as an intersubjective and dialogic process. The modi of communication created by D. Wyss turned out to be very suitable in order to illustrate the communicative power and potentialities of dreams. PMID- 6675327 TI - Dynamics of xenobiotic metabolism by isolated rat hepatocytes using a multichannel perifusion system. AB - The multichannel perifusion system in recirculating and non-recirculating (single pass) mode has been used to monitor the rate of oxidative metabolism of three model substrates--7-ethoxycoumarin, dichloronitroanisole and aldrin. With control hepatocytes, the rate of de-ethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin derived from recirculating mode was essentially similar to the rate obtained with conventional flask-incubated cell suspensions. The formation of 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide and sulphate by hepatocytes exposed to 7-ethoxycoumarin demonstrated the retention of conjugative ability of cells in the perifusion system. The rate of demethylation of dichloronitroanisole to dichloronitrophenol was low whilst aldrin epoxidation to dieldrin was rapid using control hepatocytes in recirculating mode. The inductive effect of phenobarbitone on hepatic mixed function oxidases was demonstrated by a marked increase in the rate of 7 ethoxycoumarin (nine-fold) and dichloronitroanisole (64-fold) dealkylation by hepatocytes from phenobarbitone-treated animals in recirculating mode. The rate of substrate oxidation by hepatocytes perifused in the recirculating and the single-pass mode were the same. With dichloronitroanisole as substrate and a single-pass mode, the rate of dichloronitrophenol formation declined rapidly on perifusion with substrate-free medium and rapidly re-attained steady state on re introduction of the substrate; the presence of metyrapone effectively inhibited dichloronitroanisole metabolism. The perifusion system is recommended for the study of the dynamics of xenobiotic metabolism by isolated mammalian hepatocytes. PMID- 6675330 TI - [Psychoanalytic data collection and the problem of dates--a contribution to the basic problem in psychoanalysis]. AB - My thesis is that the specifically psychoanalytic form of data collection is unsuitable for checking at least two groups of hypotheses in psychoanalysis, namely neurosis aetiology and developmental psychology. The reason lies in the problem of reconstructing dates. In the psychoanalytic literature there are a number of arguments for the reconstruction of dates ( retrodating ). These arguments are critically examined and rejected. In the final part, I discuss an alternative approach, psychoanalytic child observation, and its advantages and problems. PMID- 6675331 TI - [Concentration camp confinement in the light of a phenomenology of alienation]. AB - Alienation is an integrational existential process. The concepts of alienation as used by various specialized scientific approaches: anomy , reification , depersonalisation , alienation (in a limited sense) refer to individual aspects of the process, which can only be understood with regard to their totality and structure. " Endt - fremdung " means the coming to be as well as the passing away of alienation within the field of integrational -anthropological understanding of "possibility" ( vide D. Wyss ) and the structural-ontological basic concept of " Veranderung " ( vide H. Rombach ), so that the " Endt - fremdung " and " Veranderung " are based on one another. The human tragedy of detainment in a concentration-camp, humiliation as well as human greatness in the radical " Entborgenheit " can well be described within integrational anthropological concepts. PMID- 6675326 TI - Induction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 and drug metabolism by metyrapone in the rat: relevance to its effects in rat-liver cell culture. AB - The ability of metyrapone to induce hepatic cytochrome P-450 and xenobiotic metabolism in rats and rat hepatocyte culture has been studied. Metyrapone is a phenobarbitone-type inducer in rats. When rat hepatocytes were cultured with beta naphthoflavone, a polycyclic hydrocarbon-type induction pattern was observed. In contrast, the observed induction pattern of both phenobarbitone and metyrapone in cell culture differed from that obtained with these compounds in vivo. The relationship between the nature of the induction of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism by metyrapone in vivo and its effects in liver-cell culture are discussed. PMID- 6675332 TI - [Relation between behavior and experience variables in the communication of happy and unhappy couples]. AB - Distressed (n = 7) and nondistressed couples (n = 7) were examined. They had to discuss 4 tasks (2 scenes of the IMC from Olson a. Ryder [1970], one own problem and a proverb ). The Interactions were videotaped and coded with the MICS from Hops et al. (1979). For the operational definition of the experience-variables the Relationship Inventory from Barrett- Lennard (1962) was used. The coherences between observation and questionnaire data are represented and discussed. PMID- 6675333 TI - [Glutathione conjugation as a mechanism of the detoxication of various alkene epoxides]. PMID- 6675334 TI - [Esophageal atresia]. PMID- 6675335 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance in the developing rat. PMID- 6675336 TI - Possible prevention and eradication of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection with povidone iodine in vitro. AB - The results of preliminary in vitro studies of the efficacy of povidone iodine (P.V.I.) in preventing and eradicating infection in cerebrospinal fluid shunts are reported. After preliminary flushing of the system with P.V.I., it was not found possible to colonize valves. To eradicate infection from a previously colonised shunt it was found necessary to inject P.V.I. three times at 24 hourly intervals at a point above the level of colonisation. PMID- 6675337 TI - Should "normalisation" of the ventricles be the goal of hydrocephalus therapy. AB - One hundred and nine shunt-treated hydrocephalic children were reviewed. The size of the ventricular system was related to the psychomotor development, recurrent symptomatology and the frequency of shunt complications. Three groups were identified: children with normal functioning shunts, children with a shunt-ASD combination and children whose shunt ceased functioning or had been removed for ten years or more. It is concluded that retarded psychomotor development, recurrent symptoms and ventricular catheter obstructions are more frequent in patients with small ventricles compared to those with residually enlarged ventricles. A "normalised" ventricular system is more likely to be associated with shunt dependency and may, in fact, hinder the ultimate goal of shunt independence. PMID- 6675338 TI - Central nervous system lesions and developmental scoliosis in myelomeningocele. AB - Hydrocephalus, spinal cord tethering, cord atresia, hydromyelia, syringomyelia and various manifestations of the Arnold-Chiari malformation occur in association with scoliosis in patients with myelomeningocele. While the causes of the cord lesions remain debatable, these lesions appear to be progressive and causally related to the scoliotic deformity. We have reviewed seventeen myelomeningocele patients with developmental scoliosis and have found that aggressive orthopaedic treatment combined with neurosurgical treatment can satisfactorily control spinal deformity in most cases. Before undertaking orthopaedic treatment of severe spinal deformities in patients with myelomeningocele a careful investigation of the central nervous system with myelography and cord and head CT scans should be carried out. PMID- 6675339 TI - Myelomeningocele newborn management: time for parental decision. AB - We retrospectively reviewed a process whereby parents were afforded additional time to decide the initial managements of their newborn with myelomeningocele. Of 110 newborn referrals, 52 (47%) had early surgery within the first 48 hours, 32 (29%) had delayed surgery between 3-7 days, 12 (11%) had late surgery from 7 days to 10 months, and 14 (13%) had no surgery, per parental request. There were no significant differences among the early, delayed or late surgery groups in mortality where 92%, 94% and 100% respectively were alive at 10 months, or the morbidity of worsening paralysis, ventriculitis or developmental delay. Our data suggest, therefore that there is no urgency or emergency for surgical intervention in the initial management of newborns with myelomeningocele. Rather, there is time to fully discuss issues with parents and obtain a better-informed consent for or against surgical management. PMID- 6675340 TI - Self-retaining catheters for congenital neuropathic bladder: a continuing evaluation. AB - Sixty (60) spina bifida children have had their neuropathic bladder managed with a continuous Foley catheter regime for periods up to 14 years. Technetium renogram and renal scan assessments prior to commencement of catheter and again recently have shown no overall significant deterioration in 66 kidneys. There is however significantly less (p less than 0.001) intermittent emptying and significantly more (p less than 0.01) renal scarring in those patients who have had a continuous catheter regime for more than 4 years. Remedial complications were reported in 28% patients and these were predominantly males. PMID- 6675341 TI - Response to termination of pregnancy for genetic reasons. AB - The study was undertaken to demonstrate the reactions to termination of pregnancy for genetic reasons and to examine follow up services that are available. Women resident in Mid Glamorgan who had experienced a termination of pregnancy between 1977 and 1981 either as a result of positive findings during the alpha fetoprotein screening programme for neural tube defect or chromosome abnormality following amniocentesis because of their high risk, were interviewed using a structured interview. Three internal comparison groups were formed from those women who had also experienced a spontaneous abortion, previous stillbirth or neonatal death and a previous therapeutic abortion. Of 48 women interviewed 77% demonstrated an acute grief reaction, 45% remained symptomatic 6 months after the pregnancy ended compared with no such reaction after spontaneous abortion or therapeutic abortion earlier in pregnancy. The response of termination of a wanted pregnancy was similar to stillbirth reaction, but follow up visits by midwife or general practitioners were limited to only 16% of the post termination group. It is concluded that such women should receive support immediately after the termination and later receive genetic counselling. PMID- 6675342 TI - [Instability of host-virus association in Acholeplasma laidlawii infected by a mycoplasma virus of the Gourlay group L1]. AB - Since L 1 Mycoplasmaviruses have been described by Gourlay for Acholeplasma laidlawii, two hypotheses tried to explain the relationships between virus and host, the first by a "gradual lysis", the second on the basis of a "reduced growth" of infected acholeplasmas. Neither has implied that susceptible cells, free of virus, can be obtained from infected populations, the cells being supposed to die according to the first and to be all infected but still slowly dividing according to the second hypothesis. However, we have shown, that uninfected susceptible cells do survive within infected acholeplasms. So, in the present work, we investigated the possibility that the susceptible cells may arise from a secondary dissociation between virus and host. Testing 51 clones for infectivity after isolation from two different A. laidlawii lines initially infected with two different strains of L 1 virus, we obtained 11 infected clones. The clones were studied for stability of association between virus and host. Six were shown not to be vertically stable during a serial reisolation procedure much longer than the usual cloning ("hypercloning"). Of the remaining 5 vertically stable lines, three were shown to be horizontally unstable when cloning was performed according to a multiple simultaneous technique. This indicates, that the association between virus and host cannot be considered stable and the virus is apparently of a pseudolysogenic type. Moreover, cell cloning is convenient to separate some cells from others, but may not be appropriate to isolate cells from viruses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6675344 TI - New possibilities of staphylococcin detection in the exfoliatin-producing strains of staphylococcus aureus. AB - C. renale was found to be highly sensitive to the effect of bacteriocin produced by the exfoliatin-positive strains of S. aureus. The sensitivity of other indicator organisms used was determined through descending series of C. pseudodiphtheriticum, C. diphtheriae, S. aureus strains Oxford 209P, UT 0017, and Wood 46. Strains of C. pyogenes only produced contradictory results which made any satisfactory interpretation impossible. A modification of the simultaneous bacteriocin-detection method of exfoliatin-positive S. aureus strains, which use suspension of an indicator strain in nutrient agar to obtain lawn homogeneity, has been employed. The use of the modified method together with C. renale to serve as the indicator strain represents a rapid and reliable test suitable for routine diagnostics. PMID- 6675343 TI - A nonspecific inhibitor of hemagglutination by Tahyna virus in acetone-extracted mouse sera and its removal. AB - A nonspecific inhibitor of hemagglutination of Tahyna virus was present in acetone-extracted sera of 3-week old ICR mice but in a much lower level in the 3 day old mice of the same strain. This inhibitor did not neutralize Tahyna virus in vitro and did not protect mice against the lethal challenge by this virus. The inhibitor could not be removed by treatment with: acetone; kaolin, trypsin; heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min or 60 degrees C for 20 min, filtration through Seitz EK pads, a successive treatment with either acetone + trypsin, acetone + filtration, acetone + pH 2.0, or trypsin + heating. However, the inhibitory activity was eliminated by a combined treatment with acetone and heat (56 degrees C/30 min) - or vice versa, or by the isolation of gammaglobulin with the use of rivanol. Fractionated precipitation of serum proteins suggested that the nonspecific inhibitor is a lipoprotein, this being supported by a comparison of the lipoprotein content between samples with the inhibitor present and removed. The course of specific globulin (IgG and IgM) production in mice infected with Tahyna virus was studied in hemagglutination-inhibition test (HIT) using the sera treated with acetone plus heat. This combined treatment of sera might also be suggested for use in routine serological surveys (HIT) of small rodents with Tahyna virus antigen. PMID- 6675345 TI - Significance of Yersinia enterocolitica isolates and antibody titers. A prospective study in patients with enteritis and healthy controls under bacteriological, serological, epidemiological and clinical aspects. AB - A simple and fast isolation procedure in combination with the search for Salmonella and Shigella spp. has been applied for the screening of Yersinia enterocolitica from the faeces. The microorganisms was isolated from 31 out of 4052 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms (0.8%) and from one out of 2295 healthy individuals (0.04%). 42% of the isolates were detected from infants up to the age of 3 years. Y. enterocolitica was excreted on the average at least 22 days after the clinical onset (n = 29). In 17 out of 24 patients (71%) significant agglutinin titers were demonstrated by the first serological examination one to 13 weeks after clinical onset. Acute diarrhoea, the most prominent symptom, lasted for 15 days and was followed in one third of the cases by a protracted course of approximately eight weeks. A reliable diagnosis of "enteric yersiniosis" rests besides the uncharacteristic clinical symptoms on the isolation of the microorganism and/or the demonstration of specific antibodies in significant titers, preferable with fourfold rise or decrease. PMID- 6675346 TI - The newly described pathogenic species Vibrio mimicus isolated from human diarrhoeal stools and from a sea water sample. AB - Four Vibrio strains have been isolated from three patients presenting diarrhoea as well as from a sea water sample; identification proved their belonging to Vibrio mimicus, a recently described new pathogenic species. The morpho-cultural and biochemical characteristics of the isolated strains are presented. The distribution and incidence of this newly described species in Romania are under study. PMID- 6675347 TI - A hydrogen sulphide producing Gram-negative rod from water. AB - The biochemical properties of a hydrogen sulphide-producing Gram-negative rod, provisionally designated HG group, were compared with those of the known H2S producing and H2S-negative Enterobacteriaceae and related organisms. Sixty-four tests were used as a basis for numerical identification. All these tests demonstrated a distinctness of the HG group from other members of Enterobacteriaceae and related organisms. Results of numerical identification are discussed. According to the guanine-plus-cytosine molar content in DNA the bacterium could belong to the tribe Escherichiae of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Plasmids of different molecular size or linear fragments of DNA were found in 17 of 19 strains which indicates that the H2S production is not in correlation with the occurrence of a plasmid of definite size. So far, the only habitat of the HG group had been water, and it seems to be no rarity. Among 28 HG strains a single isolate HG16 was found which differs from HG group in biochemical properties. The distinctness of this single isolate has been confirmed also by numerical identification. Note: On the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization performed by Dr. P.A.D. Grimont and coworkers the HG group has been established as a new genus and a single species. The authors accordingly propose for the group the generic name Budvicia and the specific epithet aquatica. PMID- 6675348 TI - Activation of complement by leptospires and its bactericidal activity. AB - Bactericidal activity of complement was found to be effective on saprophytic Leptospira biflexa strains and not on Leptospira interrogans strains, by means of viable counting; the killing effect on saprophytic strains was probably due to a direct activation of the complement system via the alternative pathway. On the contrary the pathogenic strains seemed to activate the complement at a lower extent and were, in any case, resistant to the lytic action of the activated complement. PMID- 6675349 TI - [Effect of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin on blood platelets from various animals]. AB - Staphylococcal-alpha-hemolysin caused aggregation and subsequent lysis of blood platelets (BP) from cattle, pigs and rabbits. These reactions could be demonstrated by microtiter-plate-assay (Fig. 1) and aggregometry (Fig. 2). With the use of the latter, monophasic (by aggregation ans lysis) transmission curves were registered with BP in platelet-enriched plasma (PRP) from rabbits and with washed BP-suspensions from cattle, pigs and rabbits. Biphasic (by aggregation, desaggregation, reaggregation and lysis) transmission curves were formed with BP in PRP's from cattle and pigs. Prior addition of anti-alpha-hemolysin completely inhibited the effects of alpha-hemolysin on the BP. The reactions of the BP leading to the transmission curves in the aggregometer, could be confirmed by electron microscopy (Fig. 3) and by the release of 14C-serotonin from labelled BP (Fig. 4). PMID- 6675350 TI - Isolation of Pseudomonas maltophilia from human stools with thienamycin. AB - P. maltophilia, a thienamycin-resistant species, was isolated by means of thienamycin-blood agar (10 mg/l) from 14 out of 218 stools. MacConkey agar with thienamycin was inhibitory for part of the strains. PMID- 6675351 TI - Studies of polyarthritis caused by mycoplasma arthritidis in rats. III. Histopathological findings. AB - Mycoplasma arthritidis induced polyarthritis in the rat is characterized histologically by four distinct phases. Firstly, two days after infection, early lesions such as vascular changes and alterations in the lining cell layer of synovium are observed. This is followed four days after inoculation by an acute exudative phase with the deposit of fibrin and infiltration by polymorphonuclear granulocytes together with first signs of joint destruction by pannus-like granulation tissue. From about the third week onwards, lymphocytes and plasma cells predominate in the subsynovium, indicating subacute inflammation. In the fourth phase which lasts until the end of the one year observation period, chronic arthritis with destruction of cartilage and bone, ankylosis, and chronic inflammation, sometimes with acute recurrences, were observed in about 25% of the joints. Both the marked tendency to pannus formation and the longevity of the arthritis, make this an interesting, experimental model of chronic polyarthritis, particularly as it has been induced by a peptidoglycan-free microorganism. PMID- 6675352 TI - [Establishment of a fish-virus susceptible cell strain from the pituitary gland of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)]. AB - A new continuous cell strain (CaPi) was established from normal pituitary tissue of carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Cells of a fractionated dispersion (0.25% trypsin PBS, 10 degrees C) of pituitaries formed monolayer (fibroblast- and epithelial like-cells) at 25 degrees C using Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and non essential amino acids. The continuous cell strain, designated CaPi, was obtained by an enzymatical selection of epitheloid cells from the monolayer of the primary pituitary cell culture. This culture has been subcultured 70 times over a period of 24 months. CaPi-cells multiply over a temperature range of 15-35 degrees C with an optimum growth temperature of 30 degrees C at a seeding density of 1.7 X 10(6) cells/ml. Chromosome analysis indicates the cells are heteroploid and show modal numbers of 47 chromosomes. The CaPi cell line is susceptible to fishviruses (VHSV, PFR, SVCV) producing cytopathic effects (CPE). However, IPNV replicates without visible cell alterations. PMID- 6675353 TI - Experimental infection with Treponema hyodysenteriae in nude mice. AB - Compared with phenotypically normal heterozygous (nu/+) littermates, congenitally athymic, BALB/c nude (nu/nu) mice inoculated with a single oral dose of Treponema hyodysenteriae had a higher incidence of cecal lesions. PMID- 6675354 TI - Growth of 10 Leptospira interrogans serovars using polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) treated Tween in protein-free medium. AB - Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-treated Tween was used to prepare a protein-free medium for cultivation of leptospires. 6 out of 25 media were selected for culturing 10 serovars of leptospires. The best results were achieved in a medium containing Tween treated with PVP 25000. In several subcultures 8 out of 10 serovars reached a concentration of 10(8) leptospires/ml or more, when cultured in tubes without aeration.l Only in the case of 2 serovars (Leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa and tarassovi) growth was not satisfactory. The results have shown that it is possible to detoxify Tween with the aid of polyvinylpyrrolidone. In the meantime the 40th subculture of 8 strains has been prepared. PMID- 6675355 TI - Candida adherence to mucosal epithelial cells with regard to its pathogenicity. AB - Twelve Candida strains were tested to compare their ability to adhere to human buccal and vaginal mucosa epithelial cells in vitro. The tests were performed in 0.9% saline and in phosphate buffer with both kinds of cells and additionally in saliva with buccal cells. The time of incubation was either 30 or 90 min. The pathogenicity of all of the fungal strains had been evaluated previously using viability test in mice. Eight strains were found to be pathogenic while four strains were considered to be not pathogenic. Out of the pathogenic ones, 5 strains of C. albicans, two strains of C. guilliermondi and one strain of C. stellatoidea were found. Non-pathogenic single strains were identified as C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. pseudotropicalis and C. tropicalis. The adherence tests with the pathogenic strains revealed significantly higher values for vaginal epithelial cells after 30 as well as after 90 min of incubation both in phosphate buffer and in saline in comparison to non-pathogenic ones (p less than 0.01). The adherence of the pathogenic strains to the buccal cells was significantly greater only after incubation in saline (p less than 0.05 after 30 min and p less than 0.01 after 90 min). The above findings suggest that adherence may be of importance in fungal colonization on mucous membrane surface resulting in development of fungal infection. PMID- 6675356 TI - [Problem of amyotrophy]. AB - Clinical and electroneuromyographic studies of 1771 patients with diseases of the nervous and neuromuscular systems revealed disruption of the trophic supply to the skeletal muscles in cases of damage to both the segmento-peripheral neuromotor apparatus and vegetative and somatic segmental and suprasegmental formations. Electroneuromyographic indicators of the amyotrophic process include a decrease in the amplitude of the maximal M-response and a reduced number of functional motor units. In hyperkinetic syndromes, a paradoxical elevation of these indices is observed, which seems to be associated with "an alleviating trophotropic effect" exerted by striatal system impairment. PMID- 6675357 TI - [Sporadic distal myopathy]. AB - The presented description of two cases of sporadic distal myopathy represents the first report on this disease published in the national literature. The clinical picture of the disease was consistent with that of five patients with this disease entity described in the world literature and was characterized by the disease onset in young age expressed in the form of distal muscular atrophies, a dramatic increase in the activity of serum creatine kinase, with electromyographic, histologic and electron microscopic findings indicating the presence of the myopathic process. A differential diagnosis from other diseases manifesting themselves in distal muscular atrophies is also outlined. PMID- 6675358 TI - [Ophthalmoplegia-plus (multisystem mitochondrial cytopathy) in childhood]. AB - Two cases of ophthalmoplegia-plus are described for the first time in the national literature. The clinical picture of both patients aged 7 and 15 years exhibited a characteristic triad: external ophthalmoplegia, retinitis pigmentosa and heart conduction impairments. In one patient, this triad was supplemented by neurosensory deafness, torsion dystonia and the myopathic syndrome, and in the other one, by ichthyosis, cerebellar symptomatology, the myopathic syndrome and a marked elevation of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. In both patients, the diagnosis was supported by electron microscopic studies of a muscular biopsy specimen which disclosed pronounced changes in the number, structure, size and form of mitochondria as well as the presence of glycogen and lipid drops accumulating near mitochondria. PMID- 6675359 TI - [Evoked potentials of the somatosensory system in patients with progressive muscular dystrophies]. AB - A study of evoked potentials at various levels of the somatosensory system in 90 patients with primary and secondary progressive muscular dystrophies (PMD) was carried out. The detected superficial changes in primary PMD (myopathies) at the clinical stages of the disease seem to be of a secondary nature induced by the myodystrophic process itself. The presented electrophysiological methods are contemporary and highly informative. They allow researchers to evaluate the condition of various levels of the somatosensory system and may be used for purposes of the differential diagnosis. PMID- 6675361 TI - [Genetic heterogeneity of myotonic dystrophy]. AB - The results of a long-term study on the mechanism of hereditary transmission in myotonic dystrophy are presented. Thirty-five patients suffering from myotonic dystrophy including 29 with a familial form of the disease and six with a sporadic one were observed. Additionally, detailed information about 135 relatives of the first group patients and 25 of the second group patients was obtained. Most of the patients and some of the relatives were examined by the authors themselves. On the basis of the data obtained, a conclusion is drawn that in some families, myotonic dystrophy may be transmitted according to the dominant whereas in others, according to the recessive type of heredity. PMID- 6675360 TI - [Plasma lipids of patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy at different stages of the disease]. AB - Blood plasma lipids were studied in patients with Duchenne's myodystrophy. The authors examined 40 patients, aged 3-16 years suffering from different stages of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Lipids and fractional composition of plasma phospholipids were investigated by thin-layer chromatography on "Silufol" plates; lipoproteins were assessed by the method of high voltage disk electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The changes in plasma lipids were found to be correlated with both the stage of the myodystrophic process and the type of the disease course. The changes included blood plasma lipemia with increased levels of triglycerides, cholesterol and its esters and also a decrease in phospholipid concentrations with the concomitant redistribution of their fractions. A study of the blood plasma lipoprotein spectrum showed a rise in the values of chylomicrons, remnants and alpha-LP. The data obtained are important for objective determination of the disease stage. PMID- 6675362 TI - [Radionuclide study of the thymus gland in myasthenia patients]. AB - Using 75Se methionine the authors performed a scintigraphic examination of the thymus in 65 patients, 15 of whom were suffering from myasthenia and 48 (control) from various neoplastic pathologies of the thyroid and the larynx. The examination has made it possible to discover parts of the thymus active tissue including those remaining after thymectomy. The method enables one to control the results of radiation and surgical treatment of myasthenic patients. PMID- 6675363 TI - [Treatment of myotonia]. AB - The results of sodium oxalate treatment undertaken in 25 patients with various forms of myotonias are presented. The beneficial effect of the drug is confirmed by the clinical, biochemical and electromyographic findings. PMID- 6675364 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on protein metabolism in skeletal muscles]. AB - Using a radioindicator method the authors studied the effects of hydrocortisone on the synthesis and breakdown of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins in white (m. extensor digitorum longus) and red (m. soleus) functioning and idle skeletal muscles of rats. It was found that in addition to the catabolic effects, i.e. inhibition of the protein synthesis and/or stimulation of their breakdown the hormone also exhibited an "anticatabolic" effect that manifested itself in an inhibition of the protein breakdown. This effect was observed in all the cases (except the white functioning muscle) simultaneously with the protein synthesis inhibition, thus counteracting to this or that degree the development of atrophic reactions in the muscles. PMID- 6675365 TI - [Dynamics of recovery of the contractile properties of skeletal muscles after peripheral nerve damage]. AB - Experiments on 35 sexually mature rats showed that inhibition and weakening of muscle contractions at the early stage of reinnervation is replaced by their acceleration and strengthening at the later stages. An analysis of the neurotrophic influence of the nerve on the skeletal muscle is also carried out. The findings obtained can be utilized in assessing both motor function recovery following injury to the peripheral nerve and the efficacy of therapeutic and rehabilitation measures. PMID- 6675366 TI - [Features of emotional disorders in psychopathic personalities]. AB - Emotional disorders were explored in patients with hysteric and psychoasthenic psychopathies and in those with hysteric pathocharacterologic development (a total of 154 patients) are present. Clinical and neurophysiologic research methods were employed. The results obtained suggest that an elevation in emotivity of both group patients represents the leading characteristic of pathocharacterologic disturbances playing the major role in the desadaptation of patients. The evidence also shows a general regularity in the organization of their higher nervous activity in the form of the tension of the adrenergic cerebral mechanism of adaptive reactions regulation which leads to a higher affectiveness. PMID- 6675367 TI - [Types of adrenograms in neuroses]. AB - A total of 714 adrenograms (graphic depiction of adrenalin and noradrenalin excretion in relation to the circadian rhythm) obtained from neurotic patients were analyzed. The authors succeeded in ascertaining the differences of their types in patients suffering from hysterical neurosis, neurasthenia and obsessive neurosis. The adrenographic method is believed to be capable of serving as an additional diagnostic criterion in the differential diagnosis of these pathological forms. PMID- 6675369 TI - [Dynamics of neuropsychiatric disorders in psoriasis and neurodermatitis patients taking the performance of hemosorption into account]. AB - The author examined 150 patients with psoriasis and neurodermatitis. A total of 102 patients had such neuropsychic disturbances as neurotic reactions, neurotic developments, psychopathic reactions, and the psychoorganic syndrome. A definite relationship was found between the premorbid features of the personality, the severity and duration of the underlying disease on the one hand and the type of neuropsychic disturbances on the other. The time-course of the disturbances in the process of treatment is described. The comparison of the therapeutic effect showed that the best results (a regressive time-course of neuropsychic disorders, an improvement in the course of dermatosis) were seen in patients receiving as a part of multiple modality therapy both psychocorrective treatment and hemosorption. PMID- 6675370 TI - [Clinical features of mental disorders among gynecologic patients with hormonal dysfunction and hormone-dependent pathology]. AB - Using clinical procedures supplemented with a method of multiple personality investigation, the author found nonpsychotic psychic disturbances in 56.6% of 297 gynecological patients with a hormonal dysfunction of central or peripheral (inflammatory) genesis and with hormone-dependent pathology (uterine myoma, endometriosis, cystoma and cysts of the ovaries); another 22.4% of these women showed marked accentuation of personality features. The most typical psychopathological symptomatology was represented by affective disturbance (predominantly depressive, seen significantly more frequently in patients with hormonal dysfunction of central genesis rather than in hormone-dependent pathology), the syndrome of senestopathic hypochondria and psychopathlike conditions with a tendency to form super worship ideas, paranoid reactions (occurring significantly more often in patients with hormone-dependent pathology as compared with hormonal dysfunctions of central genesis). A conclusion is drawn about pathogenetic relationships existing between alterations in the psychic state and characteristics of the reviewed gynecological hormonal and hormone dependent pathology. PMID- 6675368 TI - [Clinical picture and features of the dynamics of vegetative crises in patients with neurotic disorders]. AB - The author studied 115 patients with principal clinical forms of neuroses and neurotic developments of personality, with the clinical picture characterized by vegetative crises. Using clinical follow-up examinations of patients and specially designed questionnaires, the characteristic features of the clinical picture and the time-course of vegetative crises were investigated. The findings showed the dependence of the crisis structure on the character of the main neurotic syndrome and the relationship between the structure of crises and permanent vegetative disorders in patients. The time-course and regularities of the manifestations of the major components of the crisis were studied in relation to the stage of neurotic disorders--neurosis and neurotic development of the personality. PMID- 6675371 TI - [Problem of defining psychopathies and so-called preclinical states in borderline psychiatry]. AB - The structure of the personality of mentally deficient law violators of sound mind can be differentiated into two types of aberrations, namely pathological (clinical disturbances) and nonpathological (social and psychologic deformations). These properties in different combinations were detected in all law violators examined. The role of these deviations in the genesis of law violation is discussed. Differential assessment of clinical, social and psychological phenomena allows a more clear-cut differentiation of psychopathic, psychopathlike and some preclinical conditions and also determination of their probable time-course. PMID- 6675372 TI - [Clinical structure of neuropsychiatric disorders in the late period of organic brain diseases]. AB - On the basis of large clinical material (850 patients), the results of a study of neuropsychic (nonpsychotic) disorders at a long-term period of cerebroorganic pathology of vascular (360 patients), traumatic (252 patients) and infectious (238 patients) genesis are presented. The clinical structure of the studied disturbances was heterogeneous and included 1) neurosis-like conditions (258- 30.3%); 2) neurotic reactions (422--49.6%); 3) neurotic development (91--10.7%); 4) pathocharacterologic development of the personality (79--9.4%). The significance of the etiologic factor in the development of the nonpsychotic disorders in late period of cerebroorganic pathology shifted from nosologic forms of the underlying disease toward psychogenic, somatogenic-situational and microsocial factors which should be considered while choosing adequate therapy for these disturbances. PMID- 6675373 TI - [Features of catatono-oneiroid paroxysms of schizophrenia manifesting in the puerperal period]. AB - A total of 131 puerperas with manifest paroxysms of schizophrenia were examined to correlate the time- course of their psychic and somatic state (puerperal characteristics and complications). Specific features of schizophrenia in the postpartum period were disclosed. The authors analyzed the course of manifest paroxysms (patients with predominant catatono-oneiroidal symptomatology) accompanied by pyrexia associated with acute endometritis, the subclinical forms of schizophrenia and also its course during an uncomplicated puerperium and correlated the clinical picture of psychoses in the presence of fever and without it. On the basis of the results obtained a suggestion is made that the febrile reaction accompanying manifest paroxysms of schizophrenia with predominant catatono-oneiroidal symptomatology cannot be considered as a manifestation of infection or as a manifestation of the toxic course of schizophrenia, inasmuch it reflects a particular state of the whole body and the CNS in the puerperium giving rise to the manifestations of schizophrenic process. PMID- 6675375 TI - [Group psychotherapy in neuroses: styles of conducting psychotherapy groups (comparative study in the USSR and Czechoslovakia)]. AB - Using an adapted psychologic technique, the authors considered the predominant types of therapeutic behaviour of 70 psychotherapists from the USSR and CSSR who employ methods of group psychotherapy in treating neuroses. The frequency of optimal variants of the therapeutic behaviour resorted to by psychotherapists in difficult situations arising in the course of group psychotherapy was established. Characteristic features of the therapeutic tactics used by psychotherapists from both countries are shown. PMID- 6675374 TI - [Primary prevention in borderline neuropsychiatric diseases]. AB - An analysis is presented of the work of the outpatient consultative centre on complex and difficult diagnostic cases, operating at the V. M. Bekhterev Institute for ten years. The most typical motives of seeking medical advice are reviewed with reference to 539 cases; conditions of desadaptation are diagnosed. Follow-up findings for the period of 2-8 years are presented. The questions of operative psychotherapeutic intervention and effectiveness of the service activities are discussed. PMID- 6675376 TI - [Clinical dynamics of hypochondriacal disorders and mechanisms of their reversal during psychotherapy]. AB - A follow-up study of 18 patients hospitalized for hypochondriac disturbances revealed that in none of the cases was suggestive of a specific hypochondriac neurosis. A formed hypochondriac syndrome was observed at the stage of the neurotic development of the principal forms of neuroses: neurasthenia, neurotic depression, hysterical and obsessive neuroses. The mechanisms of eliminating hypochondriac fixation in all these clinical forms of neuroses are identical. PMID- 6675377 TI - [Continuity in the rehabilitation of mental patients]. PMID- 6675379 TI - [Proceedings of the 8th scientific meeting of surgeons of Serbia. Leskovac, 18-21 May 1983. Diseases, injuries and tumors of the breast]. PMID- 6675378 TI - The reduction potential of lactoperoxidase. AB - The reduction potential of Fe(III)/Fe(II) lactoperoxidase has been determined. Optical determinations of equilibria with 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone as indicator and prereduced 9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonate as reducing agent gave Em,7.0 = -191 +/- 2 mV. Potentiometric determinations with 9,10-anthraquinone-2 sulfonate as mediator and, in the reduced form as reducing agent, gave Em,7.0 = 188 +/- 1 mV. Addition of 0.5% N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-ammonium bromide, and using dithionite as reducing agent, gave Em,7.0 = -183 mV and -179 mV with 9,10 anthraquinone-2-sulfonate and 9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate, respectively, as mediators. PMID- 6675380 TI - In vitro fertilization and microsurgery. AB - The places microsurgery and in vitro fertilization (IVF) hold, respectively, in the treatment of tubal infertility are evaluated. "Optimal" and "acceptable" results of the two techniques are compared, and future results are talked about. Most of the indications for microsurgery are still valid, some are debatable (salpingostomies with bad prognosis, repeated surgery, tubal transplant, etc.), and some new ones emerge. Technically speaking, IVF introduces some changes in surgery of the ovary and surrounding tissues and gives rise to new techniques. Diagnostic and therapeutic management is changed insofar as initial assessment, preoperative coelioscopy and, above all, postoperative monitoring are concerned. The microsurgeon, who is to remain a reproduction specialist, undergoes few personal changes, but his team must be organized on a multi-field basis in order to cope with the new techniques. PMID- 6675381 TI - Twelve-year follow-up study of pregnancy rates in 1291 couples with idiopathically impathically impaired male fertility. AB - A twelve-year follow-up study covering 1291 infertile couples in whom the male suffered from idiopathic oligoteratoasthenospermia, reveals that spontaneous pregnancy rates are directly dependent on the mean density of motile spermatozoa per milliliter of ejaculate. The results are direct evidence for the fact that no lower threshold density exists below which pregnancy is impossible. Conversely, the duration of infertility provides an important prognostic element in a given couple's fertility work-up. Full diagnostic work-up of females married to oligospermic males is advocated. Any andrological therapy in O.T.A.-patients should yield results that are significantly better than spontaneous conception rates. Time itself is considered not only a diagnostic and prognostic tool, but an effective and cheap therapeutic. PMID- 6675382 TI - The significance of scanning electron microscopy findings from the endosalpinx in tubal pregnancies. AB - Authors report the endosalpingeal scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) findings in eleven tubes removed for ectopic pregnancies. The first aim of this study is to verify whether there is a corresponding morphological common aspect in all cases. The second aim is that of locating, with the aid of S.E.M. findings, some prognostic indications for predicting the future fertility of the patient. PMID- 6675383 TI - Experimental research into the changes in the way sexuality is experienced by the infertile woman. AB - An investigation was made on women afflicted by primary infertility with a view to ascertaining their ways of experiencing sexuality. The tools used were a questionnaire and some Murray T.A.T. tables. An analysis of the results has pointed out the existence of significant changes in sexuality with regard to decreased frequency of sexual intercourse. This change is meaningfully correlated with their socio-cultural level. PMID- 6675385 TI - Copper IUDs. AB - Clinical and fundamental IUD research has made tremendous progress during the last few decades, but many clinical problems still remain unsolved. After a general review of literature data, Author reports his experience with copper bearing IUDs and their modified models; these modifications have four main objectives: increase of effectiveness, prolongation of the intrauterine life span, improvement of fit, and implementation of effective insertion at immediate postpartum. PMID- 6675384 TI - The response of serum and seminal plasma prolactin to bromocriptine in normal men. AB - The Authors describe their experience with a group of twelve volunteer healthy men in order to evaluate if the bromocriptine inhibition of serum prolactin concentration also modifies seminal plasma PRL values. The results of this study lead us to suppose that PRL in semen could arrive from serum by a filtration process through the prostatovescicular apparatus. PMID- 6675386 TI - Human embryo chromosomes: preliminary results of a study to karyotype multipronuclear human oocytes fertilized in vitro. AB - Using special techniques the authors have analyzed the chromosome constitution of human gametes participating in fertilization in vitro. Only oocytes with multiple pronuclei have been used in this study. Two conclusions are reached by the Authors: first, that the gametes involved in the production of oocytes with multiple pronuclei can be chromosomally abnormal, specifically aneuploid and that not all oocytes with three pronuclei will cleave to form triploid embryos. The Authors underline that even normal, normospermically fertilized oocytes could have a chromosomal abnormality. They conclude that embryos with chromosomal abnormalities may be produced by IVF and ET and that their existence is reflected by the inability of the vast majority of transferred embryos to survive to term delivery. PMID- 6675387 TI - Modifications of the endosalpinx at S.E.M. in a case of post-hysterectomy tubal prolapse. AB - One case of left fallopian tube prolapse following vaginal hysterectomy is reported. Modifications of the endosalpinx at S.E.M. show a mucosa relatively resistant to biological assault. PMID- 6675388 TI - Effect of calcium on sperm motility of cauda epididymis in vitro. AB - Experiments were performed to investigate the effect of calcium on percent motility of cauda epididymal spermatozoa in vitro. Epididymal luminal contents collected by micropuncture were immediately diluted with different concentrations of calcium chloride in KRB buffer. Percent motility was recorded at different time intervals at room temperature. Results revealed that there was an immediate effect of calcium on sperm motility. The maximum motility was attained only on addition of 10(-5)M calcium chloride in the buffer, whereas a higher or lower concentration than the above in the medium was inhibitory. Higher calcium levels maintained the sperm motility for a longer duration with a slow, time-dependent decrease than the lower concentrations where a faster depression in motility occurred. It is concluded that calcium at an appropriate level in the medium is essential for optimal sperm motility. PMID- 6675389 TI - Induction of functional sterility in male rats by low dose Carica papaya seed extract treatment. AB - The result revealed that a short term administration of an aqueous extract of Carica papaya seed manifested an androgen deprived effect on the target organs and thereby caused antifertility effect in adult male albino rats. The complete loss of fertility is attributed to decline in sperm motility and alteration in their morphology as well as to reduced contractile response of the vas deferens. The androgen deprived effect of the extract led to slight alteration in the histoarchitecture and weight of the reproductive organs, mainly cauda and distal vas deferens which has been related to their greater androgen sensitivity in comparison to the other target organs and or their greatly diminished target organ response to testosterone or its metabolites. The data revealed that functional sterility could be induced in male rats by papaya extract treatment, which promises to be a potential male contraceptive. PMID- 6675390 TI - Excurrent duct system in male rabbit: a morphological study. AB - The present study was carried out to determine the detailed histological and cytological features of the excurrent ducts of the male reproductive system in the rabbit. The rete testis is comprised of flattened epithelium surrounding a wide lumen which is devoid of spermatozoa. Vasaefferentia epithelium is comprised mainly of ciliated and non-ciliated cells and the lumen is devoid of sperms. On the basis of the characteristics of the epithelium, and luminal contents and histometric observations such as luminal diameter, epithelial cell height and stereocilia height, seven regions of epididymis were identified. Similarly, the vas deferens was identified into 3 regions; proximal, distal and terminal. Results were discussed bearing in mind the functional significance of different regions. PMID- 6675391 TI - [Drugs are effective in the treatment of a duodenal ulcer episode. Can they modify the course of the disease?]. PMID- 6675393 TI - "Dysplasia" in endoscopic biopsies of the stomach and the gastric remnant. PMID- 6675392 TI - [Dukes' histological classification of rectocolonic cancer]. PMID- 6675394 TI - Colitis cystica profunda. Report of 3 cases. PMID- 6675395 TI - [Smooth muscle tumors of the digestive tract. Observations on the usual criteria of malignancy and, especially, on the value of the mitotic index]. PMID- 6675396 TI - Mechanism of erythrocyte production. PMID- 6675397 TI - Physiological endogenous fibrinolysis: its congenital abnormalities. PMID- 6675398 TI - Stem cell differentiation. PMID- 6675399 TI - The role of glycoprotein hormones in the regulation of hematopoiesis. PMID- 6675400 TI - Structure and function of membrane undercoat in erythrocytes. PMID- 6675401 TI - Erythrocyte membrane fluidity change induced by intracellular delivery of Ca2+. PMID- 6675402 TI - Centrifugal elongation and laser diffractometry for assessing red cell deformability. PMID- 6675403 TI - Recent progress in research on red cell membrane disorders in Japan: pathogenesis of microspherocytosis in hereditary spherocytosis, sodium transport abnormalities in stomatocytosis, and homeo-adaptive compensatory mechanism for membrane fluidity in red cell membrane lipid abnormalities. PMID- 6675404 TI - Distribution patterns of actin and myosin during leucocyte movement and phagocytosis. PMID- 6675405 TI - Granular enzyme release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes: effect of the respiratory burst on enzyme activity. PMID- 6675406 TI - [Leukemic colony (L-CFU) formation in vitro: clinical correlations of the in vitro growth pattern of L-CFU and drug sensitivity in acute leukemia]. PMID- 6675407 TI - Marrow stromal cells in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. PMID- 6675408 TI - Arrangement of hexons and polypeptide subunits in the adenovirus capsid. AB - With direct analysis of electron micrographs and with Markham's rotational integration technique we have demonstrated that in the adenovirus capsid the triangular profile of the hexon-end facing are formed by one polypeptide each and the sides by two neighbouring polypeptides. The mutual rotational and spatial orientation of the three hexon polypeptide subunits has been determined in relation to each other and to the pentons. Two polypeptides of the peripentonal hexons are oriented towards the penton. A "one-to-one" pattern was found in relation to two peripentonal hexons, "one-to-two" to two of the three neighbouring hexons and "two-to-two" to one hexon. "One-to-two" orientation is the general rule in the GONs. The mutual orientation between the hexons of the neighbouring GONs being in connection with each other and that of the polypeptide subunits of the peripentonal hexons is characterized by the regular alternation of the "one-to-two", "one-to-one" and "two-to-two" orientation. The mutual orientation between the hexons at different points of the capsid has been studied in model experiments and was characterized by the angle enclosed by the longitudinal axis of the given hexon and that of the other hexon in open position towards the virion surface, if the longitudinal axis of the hexons of the triangular faces are perpendicular to the plane of the face and those of the edge hexons perpendicular to the plane of the edge and the longitudinal axis of the penton faces in radial direction the centre of the virion. In this way the longitudinal axes of the peripentonal hexons enclose with that of the penton an angle of approximately 32 degrees and with each other approximately 36 degrees. The longitudinal axis of the edge-forming hexons shows a deviation of approximately 21 degrees in relation to the longitudinal axes of hexons situated on the neighbouring triangular faces. We present on a tentative virus model the mutual rotational and spatial orientation of all the polypeptide subunits of the adenovirus-building hexon capsomers. This corresponds to the two-, three- and fivefold rotational symmetry characteristic of the icosahedral capsid. PMID- 6675410 TI - Quantitation of macrophage activation. AB - Chemoluminescence is a sensitive and relatively easy method to quantitate macrophage activation. Cytotoxic assay as measured by 51Cr release from tumour target cells is more involved and less sensitive. Our experiments indicate that, depending on the mode of activation, different effector mechanisms are operational. Thus, macrophages activated with double stranded yeast RNA show good chemoluminescence but no cytotoxic response while thioglycollate activated macrophages show the reverse response. PMID- 6675409 TI - Polypeptides and immunoreactivity of empty adenovirus type 1 particles. AB - Two distinct CsCl-stable empty particle populations were characterized in human adenovirus type 1 infected cells. Different sensitivity to proteases and polypeptide composition indicate that empty capsids A and B are degradation products of two different assembly intermediates. Both empty particle populations react with antihexon antibodies similarly to complete virions. Thus the arrangement of exposed type-specific epitopes is suggested to be unchanged during virus assembly. Experimental evidence is presented that both antifibre and antihexon antibodies trigger structural changes of complete virions, which are initiating the specific loss of core protein V from antibody-aggregated virions. PMID- 6675411 TI - Bacterial modulation of the cellular immune response in mice. I. The course of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in Bordetella pertussis vaccine pretreated mice with physiological thymus involution. AB - The cellular immune response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection was found to be normal in 6-month-old mice with physiological thymus involution, while it was reduced in 18-month-old mice. The Bordetella pertussis vaccine elicited immunosuppression in 6-month-old mice with normal immunological responsiveness, while it failed to affect the physiologically diminished cellular immune response in 18-month-old mice. The extent of immunosuppression elicited by the vaccine changed parallel to its concomitant spleen hypertrophy inducing effect. PMID- 6675412 TI - [Proposed targeted chemotherapy in advanced head and neck cancers using an arterial bypass]. PMID- 6675413 TI - [Comparison between the clinical and pathological classifications of cervical metastatic lymphadenopathies]. PMID- 6675414 TI - [Importance of function studies in the immunological assessment of laryngeal cancer patients]. PMID- 6675415 TI - [Primary cervical tubercular infection and post-primary oropharyngeal tuberculosis]. PMID- 6675416 TI - [Potentials and limits of the technics for luxation of the alar cartilage in surgery on the nasal tip]. PMID- 6675417 TI - [Simultaneous pendular and caloric stimulation in normal subjects. Preliminary notes]. PMID- 6675418 TI - [Auditory potentials of the brain stem masked by continuous wide-band noise]. PMID- 6675419 TI - Studies of Swedish marine organisms. I. Screening of biological activity. PMID- 6675420 TI - Studies of Swedish marine organisms. II. Muscle-relaxant alkaloids from the marine bryozoan Flustra foliacea. PMID- 6675421 TI - Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of some 3-substituted 4H-1,2,4-triazoles. PMID- 6675422 TI - Vehicle effect on topical drug delivery. I. Influence of glycols and drug concentration on skin transport. PMID- 6675423 TI - Vehicle effect on topical drug delivery. II. Concurrent skin transport of drugs and vehicle components. PMID- 6675424 TI - Physical studies of detomidine hydrochloride, a new drug substance. PMID- 6675425 TI - Cytochrome P-455 nm complex formation in the metabolism of phenylalkylamines. Part X. Comparative studies with 2-amino- and 2-hydroxyamino-1-phenyl-1-alkanols. PMID- 6675426 TI - Studies on amiflamine, a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A, selective for serotonergic neurons. PMID- 6675427 TI - Investigations of exercise adaptation of the cardiovascular system in pilots breathing an oxygen-poor gas mixture. Part I. Analysis of haemodynamic parameters. AB - The author studied exercise adaptation of the cardiovascular system in pilots breathing a gas mixture containing 12% of oxygen in nitrogen. During hypoxia the following findings were obtained: earlier achieving of the assumed peak value of heart rate, lower value of diastolic arterial blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance. Hypoxia modified the exercise tolerance decreasing the maximal power and sum of the performed work. Differences in the adaptation response of the cardiovascular system depended on the fitness level of the pilots. Those with a high fitness level performed greater work at stable heart rates and had higher exercise tolerance during hypoxia. The exercise test in hypoxia related to the haemodynamic parameters increases significantly the scope of information about the efficiency of the cardiovascular system. PMID- 6675428 TI - Investigations of exercise adaptation of the cardiovascular system in pilots breathing an oxygen-poor gas mixture. Part II. Analysis of polycardiographic parameters. AB - The author carried out investigations of the adaptation to exercise of the cardiovascular system in pilots breathing an oxygen-poor gas mixture analysing the polycardiographic parameters at rest and during postexercise restitution. It was found that hypoxia increased the degree of the adaptation response of the cardiovascular system to exercise. Polycardiographic investigations demonstrated differences in the pattern of post-exercise restitution depending on the level of fitness. Subjects with high fitness had a more pronounced hyperdynamic response, immediately after exercise, while in subjects with low fitness a hypodynamic response developed in a later period of restitution. PMID- 6675429 TI - Serum manganese concentration in healthy population of the city of Lodz. AB - The reported study was carried out in 80 healthy subjects from the population of the City of Lodz not exposed occupationally to metals. Manganese was determined by the method of atomic absorptiometry (method error +/- 12%). The concentration of manganese in the serum ranged from the values below the detectability of the method (below 0.10 micrograms/100 ml - 1 case) to 0.78 micrograms/100 ml, the mean value was 0.39 +/- 0.18 micrograms/100 ml (means +/- SD). No significant differences were found in manganese concentration in relation to age, sex and smoking. PMID- 6675430 TI - Ambient temperature effect on changes in heat exchange and skin and coat thermoisolation induced with nembutal in guinea pigs. AB - The experiment was carried out on adult male guinea pigs not adapted to cold at temperatures of 29 degrees, 20 degrees and 12 degrees C. During 150 minutes after nembutal injection the following values were recorded: oxygen consumption, subcutaneous, cutaneous and hair-coat temperatures. Using Hatfield's disc heat loss from the body surface by radiation and convection was measured. Nembutal not only inhibited thermogenetic processes at low ambient temperature, but decreased also heat production in a thermoneutral environment. This effect increased with decreasing ambient temperature. At the same time, there was a reduction in heat loss, although in a lower degree. The final result was a fall of the rectal temperature (even by 10 degrees C in a cold environment). Following nembutal administration skin thermoinsulation decreased slightly but the thermoinsulating activity of the hair-coat increased (the pilomotor response was more pronounced than in waking animals). Thermoregulation disturbances induced by nembutal included mainly thermogenesis impairment. The effect of general anaesthesia on heat loss was without any greater importance for maintenance of thermic homeostasis of the organism. PMID- 6675431 TI - Effects of cold, starvation and immobilization on the composition of acid-soluble nuclear proteins in chicken liver. AB - Nuclear proteins soluble in 0.2 M sulphuric acid were isolated from the liver of three groups of hens subjected for 60 hours to starvation, immobilization or cold exposure. The obtained proteins were separated by means of one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. It was observed that this exposure of the birds to stress caused no qualitative changes in liver nuclear proteins. Histones, histone-like proteins - M1, M2, M3, uM1, HMG 1 and 2 proteins, and a large group of non-histone protein fractions gave nearly identical patterns. However, several components of nuclear proteins were found whose quantity changed in the liver of the birds subjected to stress. These changes were observed in a protein with molecular weight about 27 000 daltons and two proteins weighing over 100 000 daltons. PMID- 6675432 TI - Ampicillin effect on lymphatic tissue of mice and its reaction to sheep erythrocytes. AB - Ampicillin given to B6A F1 mice in multiple doses of 250 mg/kg of body weight caused changes of the thymus with reduction in size, weight and cellularity of the organ, and with a decrease of the migratory activity in vitro of thymocytes derived from mice treated with ampicillin. Ampicillin produced also a stimulatory influence on the reaction of B-lymphocyte zone in the subpopliteal lymph nodes of mice stimulated with sheep erythrocytes, and delayed the development of this reaction in the thymus-dependent zone of these nodes in response to syngeneic erythrocytes. PMID- 6675434 TI - [Dichlorvos--its metabolism and the effect on the nervous system]. PMID- 6675433 TI - Imidazole action on guinea pig heart. AB - Imidazole (IM) exerts a positive inotropic effect on the guinea pig heart in a dose-dependent manner. This effect is not controlled by any of histamine receptors. Both, mepyramine - a H1-histamine receptor blocker, and cimetidine - a H2-histamine receptor blocker have no influence on IM responses. A positive inotropic action of IM on the heart has been shown in both, normal Ringer-Locke solution and in solutions with calcium deficit, however, the relative increase in contraction amplitude was higher at lower calcium concentrations than in solutions with normal calcium content. In calcium - free solution IM produces a marked delay of heart arrest, but fails to restore the heart action stopped by absence of calcium in the perfusion medium. The effects of IM and theophylline are additive. It is concluded that the action of IM on the guinea pig heart is not connected with histamine receptors, and a possible role of IM as a regulator of free calcium ions is suggested. PMID- 6675435 TI - [Effect of nutrition on the longevity of mammals]. PMID- 6675436 TI - [Physiological and biochemical aspects of metabolism of steroid hormones in the central nervous system]. PMID- 6675437 TI - [Pathological changes associated with topical chemotherapy of adriamycin for bladder cancer]. AB - Since the study of intravesical instillation of thio-TEPA by Jones and Swinney, the method of topical chemotherapy with several anti-cancer drugs for superficial bladder tumors have been reported and it is now an established method of anti bladder cancer treatment. Adriamycin is one of the most common topical agents against bladder tumor today. We studied the histopathological changes associated with the topical treatment in 26 cases of bladder cancer, all in which either TUR Bt or cystectomy (partial or radical) had been performed after intravesical instillation of adriamycin. Transurethral biopsies of bladder tumor were done before the chemotherapy, and these findings were histopathologically compared with those of the surgical specimens. In 3 of the 26 cases, the tumors disappeared completely. In the other 23 cases, the main changes were: 1) cellular atrophy of tumor, 2) exfoliation, 3) interstitial hyalinous degeneration, 4) hemorrhage, and 5) dystrophic calcification. These changes are nonspecific of adriamycin, which seems to act as a toxic substance despite its potential activity to inhibit RNA replication. PMID- 6675438 TI - [Role of lymphangiography in staging carcinoma of the prostate]. AB - Pedal lymphangiography was done on 21 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. The lymphangiograms were positive in 11 cases and negative in 10. Out of 9 patients who underwent lymphadenectomy (5 with positive and 4 with negative findings), operative findings were in agreement with the lymphangiogram in 8 patients (89%). Lymphangiography should be used as the primary procedure in all cases where aggressive therapy is being considered. PMID- 6675439 TI - [A case of ovarian dermoid cyst with bladder perforation]. AB - A 60-year-old female presented with the main complaints of hematuria, pain upon urination, and pollakiuria. Simple abdominal X-rays revealed a dumb bell-shaped calculus shadow, and a calculus was detected in the right posterior wall by cystoscopy. At surgery, a left ovarian dermoid cyst accompanied by a calculus that was adhesive and perforating in the right posterior wall of bladder was detected. Twenty-eight cases of ovarian dermoid cyst with bladder perforation including this case are reported. PMID- 6675441 TI - [A case of a tumor of the spermatic cord metastatic from cecal cancer]. AB - A 71-year-old man was admitted with the complaint of painless tumor in the right inguinal region, one month after right hemicolectomy for cecal cancer. The tumor seemed to exist in the right spermatic cord, so right radical orchiectomy was done. A tumor was found in the right spermatic cord, but the right spermatic duct, right epididymis and right testicle were intact. Histopathological examination of the tumor revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma from the cecal cancer. Twenty cases of metastatic tumors of the spermatic cord from the gastrointestinal cancers have been reported in Japan including this case. PMID- 6675440 TI - [A case of arteriovenous fistulae secondary to renal cell carcinoma accompanied by congestive heart failure]. AB - The patient was a 62-year-old male who had visited a physician with the chief complaint of fever. After IVP and CT scanning, left real carcinoma was suspected and he was transferred to our hospital on March 2, 1982. The chest X-ray showed cardiac enlargement, distention of the pulmonary veins and symptoms of congestive heart, such as dyspnea. Selective renal angiography revealed marked arteriovenous fistulae present in the neovascularity, while cardiac echo and VCG did not suggest any disease of the endocardium or the valves. Thus, the case was diagnosed as cardiac insufficiency caused by renal cell carcinoma accompanied by arteriovenous fistulae. On March 31, 1982, left transabdominal nephrectomy was performed. The specimen measured 6 x 6.5 x 13.5 cm and weighed 395 g. Histological examination of the specimen showed clear cell carcinoma, and fragmentation of the lamina elastica was observed in the arteries. Improvements in the chest X-ray findings as well as the subjective symptoms were observed post operatively, and the patient was discharged on April 21, 1982. Since cases of renal cell carcinoma accompanied by renal arteriovenous fistulae in which congestive heart failure develops are rare in Japan, we have reported this case. PMID- 6675442 TI - [Megaureters in adults]. AB - Megaureters are common in children but are rarely found in adults, probably due to the scarcity of clinical symptoms. Reconstruction surgery in adults has been performed only exceptionally up to a few years ago. We encountered 7 adults with 7 megaureters in the recent 6 years. The underlying pathologic entities responsible for the megaureters were non-peristaltic lower segment, ectopic ureter and ureterovesical junction stenosis. Six adults with 6 megaureters were treated by complete surgical reconstruction and reimplantation of the ureter. The outcome of all the reported cases was excellent. PMID- 6675443 TI - Ureteral stent encrustation. AB - Palliative ureteral stent placement is effective in relieving obstructive renal impairment, especially that precedent to malignant spreading, and can take the place of surgical intervention. Furthermore, cutaneous antegrade and/or endoscopic retrograde stenting can be indicated for other pyelo-ureteric operations and prevent their complications, but is has its consequences: We experienced three cases in which stenting had to be repeated because of its obstruction. The stent catheter blockage is discussed. PMID- 6675445 TI - [Clinical studies on combination chemotherapy with fosfomycin and dibekacin in complicated urinary tract infection]. AB - Clinical studies were performed on combination chemotherapy with Fosfomycin and Dibekacin. Sixteen patients with complicated urinary tract infections were treated with a combination of Fosfomycin (4 g/day, d.i.v.) and Dibekacin (200 mg/day, i.m.) for 5 days; and, 15 of them were clinically evaluated by criteria of UTI committee. The clinical effects proved excellent in 3 patients, good in 8 patients, and poor in 4 patients overall effective rate was 73.3%. Out of 19 strains isolated from the patients, 12 strains disappeared after the therapy. No side effect was observed in 16 cases. Clinical use of the combination chemotherapy with Fosfomycin and Dibekacin was thought to be effective and safe for patients with complicated urinary tract infections, because the combination acts not only synergistically, but also because Fosfomycin acts to protect against the nephrotoxicity induced by Dibekacin. PMID- 6675446 TI - [Effect of calcitonin on body pains caused by bone metastases of urogenital cancer]. AB - Calcitonin obtained from eels (ell-CT) was given to 14 patients who had developed bony pains due to bone metastases of malignant tumors and who did not respond to 12 various analgesics. The patients consisted of 12 males and 2 females, with a mean age of sixty-five. Eel-CT (Elcitonin) was injected intramuscularly to each patient at a dose of 40 units twice daily. Other analgesics were assessed to be ineffective at the time of CT administration and they were not given consideration in the evaluation. For the assessment of drug effect, a pain score was prepared. Eel-CT was markedly effective in 3 patients, effective in 8 patients, and ineffective in 2 patients. Eel-CT had a better effect on prostatic cancer than any other cancer. The analgesic effect was observed in the first week of drug administration at around a total dose of 1,000 units. Although the pain tended to appear at regions on which the body weight was liable to rest, the analgesic effect was seen irrespective of the side of pain. Since serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), CT levels and bone scintigrams between pre and post-CT administration did not differ, the analgesic mode of action of CT is not supposed to be related to inhibition of bone absorption nor bone formation. The therapeutic effect hardly suggests any direct action of CT on the tumor. PMID- 6675447 TI - [Clinical statistics in the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Urology, Kyoto University Hospital, 1977-1982]. AB - A recent six year statistic survey was carried out on the patients in the Urological Outpatients Clinic of Kyoto University Hospital. PMID- 6675444 TI - [Two cases of primary urethral carcinoma in females]. AB - Two cases of primary female urethral carcinoma are presented and discussed. The patients were 70 years old and 65 years old, and the pathological diagnoses were squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, respectively. The patient with squamous cell carcinoma had metastasized inguinal lymph nodes at the first consultation, despite the administration of bleomycin, and the tumor had widely metastasized to skin of the lower extremities. She died of cachexia and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). The other patient with adenocarcinoma was treated by postoperative cobalt radiation therapy in a total dose of 6,000 rads. After 18 months, she had recurrence of tumor in urethra, and developed Virchow's node metastasis, she died of acute renal failure. Both patients died within two years. PMID- 6675448 TI - [Studies on the pathogenesis of idiopathic male infertility by testicular biopsy]. AB - We have been studying the cause of idiopathic male infertility by means of testicular biopsy, and already have made several reports. This is a summary of these reports and a presentation of our concept for hypothetic pathogenesis of idiopathic infertile testes. Testicular biopsies were performed by Charny's accepted technique and tissues examined by light microscopic, histochemical, and transmission and scanning electron microscopic procedures. Also the circulatory sexual hormones; follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone of all patients were measured. The primary pathogenetic changes occur in the seminiferous tubular walls which are thickened by increase in immature collagen fibers and lamellation of seminiferous basement membrane, and they are followed by increase of follicle stimulating hormone. These seminiferous tubular changes occur discontinuously, so the idiopathic infertile seminiferous tubules resemble a rope strangulated in various places, or a tail-like rope gradually becoming thinner. Also, activated mast cells increase around the strangulated places. Thus, spermatogenesis in strangulated tubular parts decreases because of the nutritional disturbance caused by thickened tubular walls, and the strangulation of tubules interferes with the travel of sperms in the seminiferous tubules by interrupted seminiferous tubular peristalsis. Sloughing or disorganization in the infertile seminiferous tubules can be observed. In the infertile testes, Leydig cells generally increase with the elevation in the level of luteinizing hormone, but serum testosterone does not increase. And this normal value of serum testosterone is statistically found to be caused by the degradation in the quality of Leydig cells in idiopathic infertile testes. Also, galactose deficiency in glycoproteins of idiopathic infertile testicular tissue is reported. PMID- 6675449 TI - Prevalence of bovine ketosis in relation to number and stage of lactation. PMID- 6675450 TI - Serum and milk concentrations of several sulphonamides and their N4-acetyl metabolites following oral administration to cows. PMID- 6675451 TI - Inheritance of an abnormal haemoglobin haplotype in horses and its possible influence on blood values. PMID- 6675452 TI - Congenital ascorbic acid deficiency in pigs. PMID- 6675453 TI - An epidemiological study of foot rot in pastured cattle. PMID- 6675454 TI - Drug withdrawal from farmed fish. Depletion of oxytetracycyline, sulfadiazine, and trimethophrim from muscular tissue of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). PMID- 6675455 TI - Indigestion in young calves. VI. Studies of diarrheic calves fed milk replacers made of normal and heat-treated skim milk and whey powder. PMID- 6675456 TI - Vibrio anguillarum: a comparative study of fish pathogenic, environmental, and reference strains. PMID- 6675457 TI - Serum phospholipase A2 in canine acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6675458 TI - An outbreak of excessive neonatal mortality in four Danish mink farms. I. Descriptive epidemiological investigations. PMID- 6675459 TI - Malignant hyperthermia in pigs modified by low-potassium diets. PMID- 6675461 TI - Urea in bulk milk as compared to the herd mean of urea in blood. PMID- 6675462 TI - Disturbances of vitamin A metabolism in animals. PMID- 6675460 TI - Endocrine studies of a pig with ovotestes. PMID- 6675463 TI - Private credentialing of health care personnel: an antitrust perspective. Part Two. AB - Having argued in Part One against extensive judicial or regulatory interference with private personnel credentialing in the health care field, this Article now shifts its focus to emphasize the anticompetitive hazards inherent in credentialing as practiced by professional interests. Competitor-sponsored credentialing is shown to be a vital part of a larger cartel strategy to curb competition by standardizing personnel and services and controlling the flow of information to health care consumers. Instead of altering the conclusions reached in Part One, however, Part Two sets forth a new and hitherto unexplored agenda for antitrust enforcement, one that the authors believe will increase the quantity and quality of information available to consumers and offer a fairer competitive environment to individuals and groups disadvantaged by the denial of desirable credentials. The specific targets singled out for antitrust scrutiny are (1) the practice of "grandfathering," by which new candidates for credentials are required to meet tougher requirements than were met by existing credential holders; (2) agreements to standardize educational programs if they go beyond setting and applying accrediting standards and impair the freedom of institutions to decide independently whether to offer unaccredited training; (3) agreements by which independent certifying or accrediting bodies limit the nature or scope of competition among themselves; and (4) mergers and joint ventures in credentialing and accrediting. The legal theory supporting antitrust attacks in the latter two categories is strengthened by the apparently original insight that commercial information and opinion are themselves articles of commerce such that agreements and combinations restricting their nature and output can be characterized as restraints of trade. Among the many self-regulatory institutions in the health care field whose operation or sponsorship is called into question by the analysis herein are the leading medical specialty boards, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education, various accrediting and certifying bodies in the allied health occupations, and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals. PMID- 6675464 TI - Licensure of health care professionals: the consumer's case for abolition. AB - While state medical licensure laws ostensibly are intended to promote worthwhile goals, such as the maintenance of high standards in health care delivery, this Article argues that these laws in practice are detrimental to consumers. The Article takes the position that licensure contributes to high medical care costs and stifles competition, innovation and consumer autonomy. It concludes that delicensure would expand the range of health services available to consumers and reduce patient dependency, and that these developments would tend to make medical practice more satisfying to consumers and providers of health care services. PMID- 6675465 TI - City of Revere v. Massachusetts General Hospital: government responsibility for an arrestee's medical care. AB - City of Revere v. Massachusetts General Hospital presented the United States Supreme Court with its first opportunity to consider whether a state or municipality has a constitutional duty to pay for medical treatment received by an individual in police custody. The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts had held that the city had an eighth amendment duty to pay for an arrestee's treatment. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed, observing that eighth amendment rights and duties are not implicated prior to conviction and that fourteenth amendment due process concerns were met once the arrestee received adequate medical care. No obligation to pay arises, the Court held, absent a specific state law provision requiring such payment. Because arrestees are subject to physical restraints similar to those imposed on convicted prisoners, this Case Comment argues that courts undertaking to determine the scope of a state's duty to provide treatment to arrestees should apply a due process standard which draws upon eighth amendment analysis. The Comment concludes that under such an eighth amendment equivalence approach, no duty to pay arises because the state's failure to pay the health care provider does not reflect "deliberate indifference" towards the recipient of the treatment. PMID- 6675466 TI - A quality control program for a computerized, high-volume, automated hematology laboratory. PMID- 6675467 TI - Hematology quality control and the Coulter S-Plus II. AB - Establishing thorough maintenance and operational protocols for multichannel hematology instruments is an integral part of any QC program. Implementing appropriate collection techniques and properly informing the technical staff about all protocols are equally important. Selecting standards and/or controls for use on the multichannel instruments frequently presents difficulty. However, fresh WB samples (EDTA, 1 mg/ml) can be used to calibrate the instruments periodically. Additionally, data from the Coulter S-Plus II print-out of WB patient samples can be statistically evaluated using R and/or XB statistics to monitor instrument performance. PMID- 6675468 TI - Hematology quality control and the Ortho ELT-8. AB - In summary, it is our conviction that each clinical hematology laboratory must perform a rigorously controlled primary whole blood calibration of their ELT-8 or other CBC instrument. Commercial controls should be obtained from more than one source, and assayed by each laboratory. The ELT-8 Control Libraries are a convenient electronic medium for storage of these assay values and subsequent accumulation of control runs. The moving average library needs to be configured for mean value and ranges by each laboratory and serves as an extremely sensitive real time monitor of instrument performance as well as a guide to the use of stable commercial controls. PMID- 6675469 TI - Correlation of hematologic data from the individual patient as a quality control tool. PMID- 6675470 TI - A study of learning style preferences of medical technology and physical therapy students. AB - Instruments designed by Kolb, Canfield, and Rezler-French have been used to measure the learning style preferences of students in several health fields. The majority of students in these fields prefer learning in concrete, active experimentation, and teacher-structured formats. Using the Rezler-French instrument the learning preferences of medical technology (MT) and physical therapy (PT) students were studied. It was found that their first preference was on the concrete scale and that their second preference was on the teacher structured scale. PMID- 6675471 TI - [Experimental data on the artificial maturation of the cervix uteri in pregnant guinea pigs and rats induced by enzymes (hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC). I. Histological changes]. PMID- 6675472 TI - [Experimental data on the artificial maturation of the cervix uteri in pregnant rats induced by enzymes (hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC). II. Effect on its mechanical properties]. PMID- 6675473 TI - [Duration of induced abortion in the 2d trimester in relation to placental insertion]. PMID- 6675475 TI - [Deceleration of the heart rate in the preterm fetus during premature labor]. PMID- 6675476 TI - [Monitoring changes in the variability of the heart rate of the preterm fetus during tocolysis with beta-adrenomimetics. Partusisten and Pre-par]. PMID- 6675474 TI - [Changes in the hematocrit values in late pregnancy toxicoses]. PMID- 6675478 TI - [Hospital infections among newborn infants and puerperae in 2 different modes of structuring the obstetrical ward of obstetrics and gynecology departments]. PMID- 6675477 TI - [Prognostic potentials of certain parameters in fetal growth retardation]. PMID- 6675479 TI - [Atypical clinical picture in suppurative postpartum mastitis]. PMID- 6675480 TI - [Diagnostic experience with human urogenital diseases of chlamydial etiology]. PMID- 6675481 TI - [Current problems of male infertility]. PMID- 6675482 TI - [Complications in a case of pregnancy interruption by the Aburel method]. PMID- 6675483 TI - [Case of uterine pregnancy with the superfetation of an extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 6675484 TI - [Tumors of the round ligament of the uterus]. PMID- 6675485 TI - Genetic variability at the pig SLA complex in U.S. breeds of pigs. AB - Lymphocytes from 90 mature pigs and 548 growing pigs from 65 litters were screened with cytotoxic antibodies against swine lymphocyte antigens. Pigs included in the survey were from the Chester White, Duroc, Hampshire, Landrace and Yorkshire breeds. Significant differences between breeds were found in the frequency of the three haplotypes tested. Such differences may provide the genetic variability needed to determine associations between disease susceptibility and the pig's major histocompatibility gene complex. PMID- 6675486 TI - Testing genetic models in populations which contain pedigree errors. AB - In a genetic analysis of a polymorphic system, differences between the observed type of an individual and that expected from the parental types can arise either from an incorrect model or from pedigree errors. Such pedigree errors can cause severe difficulties in studies of the mode of inheritance of a novel polymorphic system. A method is proposed which overcomes the problem by including sire and dam error rates explicitly in the genetic model. The error rates are estimated by maximum likelihood, and likelihood ratio tests used to compare different models or estimates from different data sets. The proposals are applied to a study of the inheritance of the bovine serum AmI amylases. PMID- 6675487 TI - Non-MHC alloantigenic system in pigs (SLC) detected by leucoagglutination. AB - Two cell membrane leucocyte alloantigens were detected in pigs by simple direct agglutination tests. Family studies showed that the locus controlling these antigens was not identical, or in close linkage, with the SLA major histocompatibility complex, SLB leucocyte locus or with the A, E, and N blood group loci. In the studied population, the locus termed SLC (Swine Leucocyte C locus) has two alleles controlling mutually exclusive antigens SLC-1 and SLC-2. The frequency of SLC1 and SLC2 alleles is 0.10 and 0.90, respectively. The antigens have not been detected on erythrocytes and thrombocytes but are well determined on granulocytes, peritoneal macrophages, mononuclears from different sources (thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes) and enriched T and B cells from peripheral blood. PMID- 6675488 TI - Haemoglobin types in Norwegian horses. PMID- 6675490 TI - Direct determination of sodium and potassium in blood serum by flow injection and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - A simple and reliable method for the measurement of sodium and potassium in blood serum without any sample dilution by using flow injection and atomic absorption spectrophotometry is described. A sample throughout of 100 measurements per hour is possible. Matrix problems have not been encountered. The coefficient of variation for within-run determinations is about 1,14 and 2,36% for sodium and potassium, respectively, in serum samples (n = 10). The method is easily adaptable to pediatric research, because of the low required sample volume of 5 microliter. PMID- 6675489 TI - [A new quaternary alkaloid from Aspidosperma gilbertii]. AB - The present work describes the structure determination of a new quaternary carbozol type alkaloid, isolated from Aspidosperma gilbertii: N,N Dimethyltetrahydroellipticinium Hydroxyde. PMID- 6675491 TI - Glutamate and spreading depression in chick retina. AB - This work is centered on the involvement of glutamate in spreading depression. Chick eye cup preparations bathed with Ringer solution at 28 degrees C were used. For chemical stimulation KCl was increased and glutamate was added to the Ringer solution. The occurrence of spreading depression was detected by visual observation of the optical changes accompanying the phenomenon. Enzymatic method based on the fluorescence of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide was used for glutamate dosage in the Ringer's samples. The investigations proceeded under six different experimental conditions, and the results were analysed by nonparametric statistical methods. No correlation was found between spreading depression and glutamate outflux. The glutamate hypothesis to account for spreading depression was discussed, and experimental situations involving glutamate, K+ and Cl- were indicated that proved unfavorable to the incidence of the reaction. PMID- 6675492 TI - Oxygen and glucose requirements in chick retinal spreading depression. PMID- 6675493 TI - [Sociological aspects of identity disorders in the pathology of migration]. AB - Many people think that mental pathology connected with maghrebian migration into France is coming from a psychopathology more or less specific to migration and maghrebian origin. But, the migrant worker, when sick, asks directly or not the question of his own identity. Authors insist on obligation to take in count the sociological, psychological and cultural characteristics of migrant's problems, and also the ways of changing concerning both his own imago and his relationship to others. The concept of identity gives us facility to integrate all these elements. PMID- 6675494 TI - [Psychopathologic aspects of tetanic seizures]. AB - In that work, the tetanic's depresses are taken out from the sphere of spasmophilie , concept that the authors take as no pertinent. Those depresses find again the sphere of the nevrosis . It is an answer to the anguish and to the oedipus-problematic of the subject. The authors, by making clear their remarks with several observations, circle the clinic constants escorting the birth of depresses, the bodily expression of the anguish, the psycho-motive peculiarity of the tetanic and the phenomenon of repetition. The authors conclude with a thought over the sense of the symptoms, and over a psycho-somatic medicine that essentially refers to the relation between the doctor and the patient. PMID- 6675495 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. chelonei to sisomicin, gentamicin and tobramycin. AB - The in vitro action of sisomicin, gentamicin and tobramycin against 62 strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum and 20 strains of M. chelonei was investigated. At a drug concentration of 4 micrograms/ml, 31, 31 and 11%, respectively, of M. fortuitum strains and 90, 25 and 15%, respectively, of M. chelonei strains, were inhibited. PMID- 6675496 TI - [Hypertensive pathology in pregnancy: study of the placenta insertion zone]. PMID- 6675497 TI - [Cholestasis in pregnancy]. PMID- 6675498 TI - [Curve of intrauterine growth in relation to gestational age. Evaluation of 8495 cases]. PMID- 6675499 TI - [Pregnancy in women over 40. Course and complications. Study of 224 cases]. PMID- 6675500 TI - [Cyclic behavior of the fetus determined by the registration of the fetal heart rate]. PMID- 6675501 TI - [The hematologic state in pregnancy: clinico-epidemiologic study]. PMID- 6675502 TI - [A new dosage form of indomethacin. Pharmaceutical profile of an oral form with osmotically controlled release]. PMID- 6675503 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of nitrosamines. Study of various analytical parameters]. PMID- 6675504 TI - [Heparin and chemically related compounds. Study in experimental thrombosis]. PMID- 6675505 TI - [Synthesis in the azacoumarin series. 3,3'-Methylene-bis(hydroxy-4-azacoumarins) and their amebicidal properties]. PMID- 6675506 TI - [Reaction of alkyl isocyanates with 4-hydroxyquinolines and 9-hydroxy-3 methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline]. PMID- 6675507 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological properties of new N-benzyl-omega-chloramides]. PMID- 6675508 TI - [Determination of the radioprotective activity of imipramine analogs]. PMID- 6675509 TI - [Ionization constants of bithionol sulfoxide]. PMID- 6675511 TI - [International meeting on esophageal pathology. Marseilles, 22-23 October 1982. Abstracts]. PMID- 6675510 TI - [Identification and determination of plant hydrocolloids in pharmaceutical dosage forms and food products by ion exchange chromatography]. PMID- 6675512 TI - [Retroperitoneal abscess today. General review apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6675514 TI - [Extensive surgery]. PMID- 6675513 TI - [Differentiated cancers of the thyroid gland. Treatment and long-term results]. PMID- 6675515 TI - [Initial surgical treatment of differentiated epitheliomas of the thyroid]. PMID- 6675516 TI - [Systematic monitoring of treated differentiated thyroid cancers]. PMID- 6675517 TI - [Limits and indications for thyroglobulin assay in patients followed-up for a differentiated epithelioma of the thyroid]. PMID- 6675518 TI - [Factors affecting the capacity for radioactive iodine binding by thyroid cancers]. PMID- 6675520 TI - [Growth-hormone resistance states]. PMID- 6675519 TI - [Effects of estrogen hormones on the lipid metabolism of rat adipose tissue]. PMID- 6675521 TI - [New antihormone treatment with an antiandrogen and an LHRH agonist in prostate cancer]. PMID- 6675522 TI - [Clinical use of RU 486: control of the menstrual cycle and effect on the hypophyseal-adrenal axis]. PMID- 6675523 TI - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and natural killing in nude rats: quantitative study according to age and sex. AB - Rats bearing the rnu mutation were used to study the influence of the thymus on killer (K) and natural killer (NK) cytotoxic activities. Both functions developed to a comparable level in 3-month old homozygote rnu/rnu athymic rats and their normal rnu/+ littermates. In old rats, cytotoxic activities did not decrease, except in the case of female rnu/rnu rats. K and NK cytotoxic activities are thus able to develop normally in the absence of thymic influence. Moreover, nude rats will be useful as a source of potent effector cells for studying both the cellular functions themselves and the antibodies involved in K-cell activity. PMID- 6675524 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen from human malignant melanoma cells. I. Production and shedding characteristics. AB - Two major findings are reported in the present studies: (a) Long-term cultivation, followed by cloning, of a human malignant melanoma HMMC-ShA cell line gave melanotic and amelanotic cell variants. During in vitro proliferation, the melanotic melanoma (HMMC-ShAE+) cells released carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and an inhibitor of phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte stimulation. Gel filtration patterns of CEA on Sephadex-G200 varied from one culture condition to another. Glycosylation-deficient CEA obtained from cells harvested from media supplemented with non-toxic levels of tunicamycin showed lower molecular weight and delayed filtration through Sephadex-G200. (b) Human melanotic melanoma (HMMC ShAE+) differed from amelanotic melanoma (HMMC-ShA-) and glycosylation-deficient cells in the amount of CEA and in the suppression of lymphocyte response activity which they shed into the medium and as well as in oncogenicity in athymic nu/nu BALB/c mice. PMID- 6675526 TI - [Elongation of mouse spinal cord axons in isogenic grafts of the sciatic nerve, skeletal muscle and submaxillary gland]. AB - Isografts of sciatic nerve, skeletal muscle, submaxillary gland and, as control experiments, of optice nerve, were transplanted into the non transected spinal cord of young albino mice, through a punctiform pial aperture. Under these conditions, local cellular reactions were reduced and the sensori motor behavior of the operated animals remained apparently undisturbed throughout the experimental period. Within a few days, axonal sprouts issuing mainly from the terminal clubs of intraspinal nerve fibres severed by the grafting procedure were seen elongating and growing into--and presumably throughout--the nervous as well as the muscular and glandular transplants. The Schwann cells of these grafts, either sedentary or migrating towards the cord and intermingling with host reactive glial cells, appeared to guide the growth of the axonal sprouts they ensheathed (from day 3 to day 10) and generally myelinated (as early as day 6). Optic nerve transplants, lacking Schwann cells, were never reinnervated. Furthermore, in control microinjuries without grafting, limited growth of axonal sprouts was observed only when a few host Schwann cells were present. Mouse spinal neurons, therefore, demonstrate a marked capacity for regrowth when minimal damage to the spinal cord is associated with an adequate supply of Schwann cells. In contrast, host as well as transplanted glial cells, were unable, at least when they were not associated with Schwannian elements, to promote regenerative expression of these central neurons. PMID- 6675525 TI - Calcium-phosphate-adjuvanted allergens: total and specific IgE levels before and after immunotherapy with house dust and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extracts. AB - Results of total and specific IgE levels before and after immunotherapy carried out with calcium-phosphate-adjuvanted house dust and mite allergens for 36 patients are reported here. Total and specific IgE levels were evaluated by radioimmunological methods based on the IgE/anti-IgE interaction. Total IgE levels were not significantly different before and after immunotherapy; most of the specific IgE levels remained on the same order. IgE levels after immunotherapy varied only slightly in most patients and were not correlated with therapeutic results. Advantages of calcium phosphate compared to aluminium compounds are reported. PMID- 6675527 TI - [Effect of paraformaldehyde fixation on the qualitative preservation and stereological parameters of the adult rat liver]. AB - Studies were made to compare the impact of immersion fixations with different concentrations of paraformaldehyde (10%, 6% + 0,25% glutaraldehyde, 4% and 1%) on the cellular and subcellular structure preservation. The study was performed on 3 animals. Similar conditions existed for all the preparative steps, since they were done in one operation. Cellular parameters as the volume densities of hepatocytes (VVH), nuclei (VVNH), cytoplasm (VVCYT) and extra-hepatocytic space (VVEX) were assessed by light microscopy on toluidine blue stained semi-thin sections at X 1 000. The volume (VVM), the surface density of mitochondria (SVMO) and their mean profile size (am) were measured at the electron microscopic level (X 15 000). The most striking differences were observed in the volume density (VVM), surface to volume ratio (SV) and mean profile area of the mitochondria (am). Qualitative results revealed that the zone of good electron microscopic observation varied according to the concentrations of the fixative. In conclusion, the best qualitative and quantitative preservation is assumed with 4% paraformaldehyde and at a less degree with 6% paraformaldehyde + 0,25% glutaraldehyde. PMID- 6675528 TI - [Research activities in the urban school environment. Prevention of problems in adolescence]. PMID- 6675529 TI - [Distribution of reasons for consultation in general practice. Methodologic approach and results of a pilot study]. PMID- 6675530 TI - [Rising trend in suicides in Belgium 1955-1980]. PMID- 6675531 TI - Detailed organization of cerebello-olivary projections in the cat. An autoradiographic study. AB - Several small injections of tritiated leucine were placed in regions of the cerebellar nuclei and sites of distribution in the olive were revealed by autoradiography. Different survival periods from a few hours to several days were utilized and high or low specific activity tracers were evaluated. A general pattern of distribution whereby the dentate, anterior and posterior interposed respectively project to principal, dorsal accessory and medial accessory olives was confirmed. Several new details of distributions from regions of the interposed and dentate nuclei to parts of the olivary subdivisions were demonstrated. The pattern of representations is complex and distributed in three dimensions. It is very precise and approximates a point to point representation. However, these projections which appear relatively dense do not represent the only link between the cerebellar nuclei and olive. With survival periods of a few hours, additional lighter projections distributed according to a different pattern can be revealed. A small ipsilateral projection was observed and it is suggested that it is made of collaterals of the crossed fibers. PMID- 6675532 TI - Brainstem projections of different branches of the vestibular nerve. An experimental study by transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase in the cat. I. The horizontal ampullar and utricular nerves. AB - Twenty-seven adult cats were used to study the central projection of the horizontal ampullar nerve and the utricular nerve using transganglionic transport of HRP. The nerve to be investigated was exposed transtympanally, cut, and a capsule containing 50% HRP applied to the proximal stump for one hour; 2-8 days later the animals were perfused. Frozen serial sections were cut from the brainstem and processed for the demonstration of HRP using tetramethyl benzidine as chromogen. Maximal labelling was observed 5-7 days postoperatively. After application of HRP to the horizontal ampullar nerve extensive labelling was found in all four main nuclei except the lateral vestibular nucleus. Furthermore, labelling was observed in the interstitial nucleus of N. VIII, the rostral part of the external cuneate nucleus and in the reticular formation laterodorsal to the abducens nucleus. Small fibers were also seen in the brachium conjunctivum oriented towards the cerebellum, from the superior vestibular nucleus. After exposing the utricular nerve to HRP, labelling was observed in the ventral part of the lateral vestibular nucleus, the central part of the medial vestibular nucleus and in the rostral part of the descending vestibular nucleus. The findings are discussed in relation to known physiological differences between the two kinds of nerves here investigated. PMID- 6675533 TI - Projections from the visual cortical region of the superior temporal sulcus to the striatum and claustrum in the macaque monkey. AB - Solutions of tritiated aminoacids were injected into the visual cortical region hidden in the depth of the superior temporal sulcus (STs) of the macaque monkey. Injection sites involved the middle temporal visual area, extending into the surrounding visual cortices. Projections were found homolaterally in both the striatum and claustrum. In the caudate nucleus labeled material affected mainly the body and spread both to the tail and the head of the nucleus. Label was also seen in the caudal third of the putamen and in the postero-ventral claustrum. Compared with the scarcity of afferents arising from occipital visual areas, the present data point to a heavy projection system from additional visual areas of the STs to the basal ganglia in the macaque monkey. PMID- 6675534 TI - Cholinergic mechanism controlling the response gain of forelimb extensor muscles to sinusoidal stimulation of macular labyrinth and neck receptors. AB - The multiunit EMG activity of the triceps brachii was recorded in precollicular decerebrate cats during roll tilt of the animal or neck rotation at the frequencies of 0.026-0.15 Hz and at the peak amplitude of 10 degrees, leading to selective stimulation of labyrinth or neck receptors. The first harmonic component of the EMG responses to labyrinth stimulation was characterized by an increased activity during side-down tilt of the animal and a decreased activity during side-up tilt; however, just the opposite changes were elicited for the same directions of neck rotation. The peak of the responses was closely related to the extreme animal or neck displacement, thus being attributed to stimulation of position-sensitive macular labyrinth and receptors. Moreover, the modulation as well as the gain of the EMG responses were small in amplitude. Intravenous injections of an anticholinesterase at a dose which in some instances slightly decreased the extensor tonus as well as the background activity of the triceps brachii (eserine sulphate, 0.05-0.075 mg/kg), greatly enhanced the response gain of this extensor muscle to animal tilt or neck rotation at the parameters reported above. This finding was also observed in the absence of any decrease in spontaneous EMG activity of the extensor muscle after injection of the anticholinesterase. In no instance did the phase angle of the response change following these injections. The increased gain of the EMG response of the forelimb extensor muscle to sinusoidal stimulation of labyrinth and neck receptors was first observed 5-10 min after the injection and reached the highest value in about one hour. This effect, was not only time-dependent, but also state dependent. In fact, the increase in response gain described above either did not occur or was negligible during the sudden recovery of the extensor rigidity which occurred either spontaneously or after somatosensory stimulations. The effects elicited by eserine sulphate were reversed within seconds by a 0.1-0.5 mg/kg dose of atropine sulphate, an anticholinergic drug. It is postulated that for the same labyrinthine or neck signal giving rise to excitatory vestibulospinal volleys acting on extensor motoneurons, the amplitude of the EMG modulation of limb extensor muscles depends on the activity of a cholinergic system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6675535 TI - Factors affecting the results of tricuspid annuloplasty, especially left heart factors. PMID- 6675536 TI - Effects and limitations of intra-aortic balloon pumping: an experimental study with quantitated heart failure model. PMID- 6675537 TI - [Biohazard control in the research laboratory]. PMID- 6675538 TI - [A histochemical study of dopaminergic neurons in estradiol-induced pituitary adenoma]. PMID- 6675539 TI - [Mechanism of the formation of bilirubin stones. (I). Studies on bile duct dilatation and stone formation]. PMID- 6675540 TI - [Rat small intestinal motility after massive bowel resection]. PMID- 6675541 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias following an open heart surgery for atrial septal defect, treated successfully with temporal emergency pacing. PMID- 6675542 TI - A case of Hodgkin's disease of the rectum. PMID- 6675543 TI - Surgical treatment of abdominal aneurysm in hemodialysis patient with polycystic kidney. PMID- 6675544 TI - Congenital fibrosarcoma of the axilla in an infant. PMID- 6675545 TI - [A case of benign segmental stricture of the distal common bile duct simulating a malignant stricture]. PMID- 6675546 TI - [Women's role in post-harvest food preservation. Summary of 5 case studies and their follow-up]. PMID- 6675547 TI - [Effect of various solvents on the extraction of protein fractions of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)]. AB - A study was carried out to determine the effect of different solvents on the extraction of protein fractions in beans. Black bean protein was extracted with the following solvents: distilled water, 0.01 M sodium hydroxide, 0.05 M sodium chloride, and 70% ethanol. By using each solvent under different conditions, it was possible to establish the optimum ones for the best extraction and fractionation of proteins from leguminous seeds. These conditions were the following: one hour agitation at room temperature, three successive extractions with the same solvent, and a ratio of solid to solvent of 1:20 W/V. The effect of 24 different sequences of solvents upon the extraction of protein was also investigated. From the extraction point of view, the best sequence of solvents for extracting the protein was that where NaOH constituted the first solvent used; this sequence, however, has the disadvantage of extracting all the protein from the seed, making it impossible to separate other protein fractions by another solvent. If the purpose of the extraction is to separate different protein fractions, the best sequence of solvents is distilled water or sodium chloride in the first place, followed by ethanol and sodium hydroxide. The need for using standardized methodology for the fractionation of protein from seeds in order to obtain comparable data between research laboratories is emphasized. PMID- 6675548 TI - [Biological behavior of protein fractions isolated from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)]. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the factors responsible for the low digestibility of bean proteins. To this effect, protein fractions were isolated from black beans through sequential extraction with distilled water, 70% ethanol and 0.01 M sodium hydroxide. Since the amount of protein extracted with the solvents was very low, it was practically impossible to carry out its biological evaluation in rats. Therefore, the protein fractions were added to casein diets in order to determine the decrease in casein digestibility due to the particular protein fraction added. The extracts and residues were heated and dehydrated prior to their incorporation in the rations. Nine rations were prepared. The first one was the control with casein only; 20% of whole bean flour was added to the 2nd; rations 3, 4 and 5 contained the water extraction residue, the water extract, and both, respectively; rations 6, 7 and 8 contained the ethanolic residue, the ethanol extract, and both, respectively. Finally, ration 9 was prepared with the NaOH residue. All the materials used as well as the rations were analyzed for their proximate composition and amino acid pattern. The results of the biological evaluation were as follows: casein and dry matter digestibility decreased significantly with the 2nd ration which contained 20% whole bean flour, effect which was significant also in rations containing either the water or the ethanol extract. This effect is attributed to the antiphysiological factors present in the beans which are resistant to heat treatment. The protein efficiency ratio was lower for the rations prepared with the residues from water and ethanol extractions (3 and 6) than for casein; these results are attributed to the lysine and methionine deficiency in the protein fractions, complicated by a lower protein intake. The lowest nutritive value was found in group 7, which was fed the ration containing the ethanol extract, but when the latter was added together with its residue (ration 8), the PER was superior than for ration 7, possibly due to a higher content of methionine and lysine in ration 8. Finally, it is suggested that better results could be obtained by using higher amounts of beans and their protein fractions in the ration. PMID- 6675549 TI - [Phenotypic and technological influences of the Lupinus mutabilis (Tarwi) seed on its methionine availability and sulfur content]. AB - The present study was carried out to determine the content of available methionine and sulphur in seed cultivars of Lupinus mutabilis from different Andean regions, and to study the influence of processing on methionine and sulphur contents. An additional objective was to evaluate interrelationships among these chemical characteristics and protein quality, as measured by the protein efficiency ratio (PER) method. Results revealed a high variability in the content of available methionine and sulphur between the different ecotypes and varieties of Lupinus mutabilis. Fertilization with CaSO4 (200 kg/ha) did alter the content of available methionine and sulphur in Lupinus albus seeds. Traditional water-debittering of lupines did not affect the methionine content of the seeds, whereas oil-extraction and alcohol-debittering led to a decrease in available methionine (14 and 23% reduction, respectively). Production of a protein isolate further reduced the methionine content (54%). Regression analysis revealed a high correlation between available methionine and sulphur (r = 0.83), between sulphur and PER (r = 0.98) in the processed lupine samples, and lupine mixtures with other protein sources. PMID- 6675551 TI - [Analysis of the seed Bixa orellana, L. (annatto) and the waste generated in the extraction of its pigments]. AB - Annatto seed (Bixa orellana, L.) contains colored pigments (bixin and orelline) on its outer surface which at present are currently used as coloring agents in the food industry. This seed was analyzed, with and without the pigment--which was extracted by the vegetable oil method--so as to establish the possible use of the extracted seed which nowadays is considered as waste. Different dehulling and defatting treatments were applied to the annatto seed in order to obtain a flour with a greater protein content, and to diminish its crude fiber level. The different flours were then subjected to proximate analysis; protein quality was determined by amino acid analysis, and toxicological factors, mineral and vitamin contents, fatty acid profile, breakdown potential by measurement of feed digestion in the rumen of fistulated goats, fiber fractions, and bacteriological determinations were also performed. A protein content of 13.7% was determined in the seed without pigment, which increased to 14.8% with the dehulling and defatting procedures, thus reducing the crude fiber level from 14.4% to 6.5%. The results showed that the limiting amino acid is tryptophan. The toxicity level was found to be of no importance, and the vitamin and mineral content as well as the fiber fractions were very similar to those determined in cereals, but with a higher level of carotenoids. A satisfactory dry matter degradation index was obtained in the digestibility test done in ruminants. According to the above mentioned results, it is possible to use this resource as a feed and, when mixed with other materials, as a food in human nutrition. PMID- 6675550 TI - [Evaluation of nutritional potential of fish in diets based on beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and a cereal/corn (Zea mays) and/or rice (Oryza sativa)]. AB - p6e complementation between corn and fish, and rice and fish was evaluated for the purpose of establishing the required levels of each constituent in the mixture to obtain the optimum value in the biological evaluations for each diet. The optimum fish levels were around 10 and 6% for the corn and rice diets, respectively. Complementary levels of fish in the bean: corn and bean:rice diets were evaluated in the same manner. The best values in the biological evaluation were obtained with only 2% of fish. The economical analysis of these mixtures revealed that the nutritional value of the Central American rural diets can be increased with the introduction of fish in small quantities in the habitual diets, without increasing the family food expenses. PMID- 6675552 TI - [Use of the urinary calcium/creatinine ratio as an indicator of the nutritional status of calcium]. AB - The relationship between calcium and creatinine in basal urine for evaluating its usefulness as an indicator of calcium nutritional status was evaluated. Samples of basal urine were collected form a group of 5 to 12-year-old school children who followed a three-month program of dietary complementation. The calcium to creatinine ratio showed no correlation with daily total calcium intake. However, a correlation was found when intake was expressed in mg per kg of body weight (r = 0.67) and increased significantly when data were grouped according to growth rate (r = 0.85). On this basis, the Ca/Creat. ratio was analyzed as a function of weight gain (g/kg) for calcium intake: higher and lower than 10 mg/kg/day (4 = 0.82 and 0.89, respectively), the intercept of each line with the Y axis (null weight gain) being 0.096 and 0.068, respectively. These findings indicate the possibility of using the Ca/Creat. ratio in field studies as an indicator of nutritional status of the population in regard to calcium. PMID- 6675554 TI - [Effect of lactation on the weight and body composition of wet nurses]. AB - In order to assess the impact of lactation on the nutritional status and body composition of mothers, 134 women were followed up during a period of six months (95 were exclusively breast-feeding and 39 were bottle-feeding their babies). Their weight was measured at monthly intervals, and mid-arm circumference, skinfold thickness and food intake were determined at two and six months, respectively, as well as food intake by the 24-hour recall method. Both groups evidenced similar non significant and slight changes in weight and body composition. Only 10% of mothers showed weight losses above 4 kg; weight loss was significantly higher in overweight and obese women as compared to underweight and normal mothers. Both arm circumference and total fat (sum of skinfolds thickness) followed the same trend. Dietary intake revealed to be deficient in calories, protein, calcium, iron and vitamin A when compared to the FAO/WHO standards. Given the excellent growth curves of the children as well as the minimal changes observed in maternal nutrition and body composition, it may be assumed that the current recommended dietary allowances (FAO/WHO) are overestimated for a population of the type studied. PMID- 6675553 TI - Maternal supplementation and postnatal physical growth: a review. AB - Five maternal supplementation trials are compared in which mothers, but not their infants, were given food supplements and infant growth was measured as the outcome. In contrast to studies wherein children were supplemented, in addition to or exclusive of mothers, the trials under review generally failed to demonstrate any effect on physical growth. PMID- 6675555 TI - [Clinico-statistical observations in a group of patients with allergic manifestations of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 6675557 TI - [Allergy due to Parietaria: clinico-statistical observations]. PMID- 6675559 TI - [Right para-cardiac lung opacity]. PMID- 6675556 TI - [CEA and TPA in serum and pleural exudates in patients with pulmonary neoplasms: preliminary results]. PMID- 6675560 TI - [Effect of letosteine on muco-ciliary transport in patients with chronic bronchopathy]. PMID- 6675558 TI - [Current trends in immunotherapy of tumors of the lung]. PMID- 6675561 TI - [Mediastinal opacity]. PMID- 6675562 TI - [Clinico-statistical research on the incidence of aspecific bacterial flora responsible for infections in lung disease patients in the Monaldi Hospital in Naples 1980-1983]. PMID- 6675564 TI - [Corticofugal model of cerebral functioning]. PMID- 6675563 TI - [Roundish hilar opacities. Clinical case]. PMID- 6675565 TI - [Radicular myelin transition. Lumbosacral study in 3 species of domestic animals]. PMID- 6675566 TI - [Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in an infant]. PMID- 6675567 TI - P-chlorophenylamide of 3-methyl-5-benzoylaminoisothiazole-4-carboxylic acid (ITCL, Wratizolin)--the new antiviral drug. AB - The synthesis of p-chlorophenylamide of 3-methyl-5-benzoylaminoisothiazole-4 carboxylic acid (ITCL, Wratizolin), the new antiviral drug, was carried out and its structure was studied on the basis of the elementary and spectral analysis. PMID- 6675568 TI - Effects of Wratizolin on growth and metabolism of cells in vitro. AB - The new isothiazole derivative--Wratizolin was found to have several properties which are characteristic of the acidic non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, among others--indomethacin. The minimal cytotoxic concentration (MCC) of Wratizolin for the chicken or mouse embryonic monolayer tissue cultures maintained in the media without serum is 6.25 microM. In the medium containing from 3 to 10% calf serum MCC for several animal cells was found to be from 12.5 to 62.5 microM. Wratizolin inhibited the synthesis of DNA in the cultured human lymphocytes at the subtoxic concentration only. Wratizolin, in a characteristic way, stimulates the synthesis of lactic acid and increases the consumption of glucose by the chick or mouse fibroblasts. The drug at concentration of 10(-6) to 10(-12) M stimulates the multiplication of mouse L cells. In all above tests Wratizolin is more active than indomethacin. PMID- 6675570 TI - Wratizolin ITCL in the treatment of herpes simplex and recurrent and zoster. AB - Herpes simplex and zoster are frequent skin diseases of viral origin and the mechanism of their development as well as their course are not yet fully known. Fully effective methods of treating these diseases are not known. The authors evaluated the results of the externally applied ITCL preparation in the form of a 2% cream. A group of 92 patients was treated, 64 with herpes simplex or recurrent, 16 with zoster, 9 with purulent skin lesions and 3 with verruca plana. Very good results, that is earlier regression of lesions with inhibition of further dissemination, were obtained in 83% of patients with herpes, in over half of the cases of zoster, and in nearly all cases with purulent skin lesions. In most cases the tolerance of the drug was good. PMID- 6675569 TI - Antibacterial activity of Wratizolin. AB - Wratizolin in the concentration of 1-10 micrograms/ml was found to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria such as: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Sarcina, Corynebacterium, and some representatives of aerobic bacilli. Gram-negative bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas were not sensitive to Wratizolin even in the concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6675571 TI - Results of Wratizolin treatment of selected skin diseases with particular reference to those of viral etiology. AB - A newly synthetized compound, p-chlorophenylamide of 3-methyl-5 benzoylaminoisothiazole-4-carboxylic acid (ITCL) was used for local treatment in 68 patients with the following skin diseases: herpes simplex, herpes zoster, eczema complicated by bacterial infection, aphthae of the mucosa. In all cases examined, a good tolerance of the drug, rapid subsidence of pathologic symptoms, mainly of inflammation, pain and edema could be seen. The drug was found to reduce markedly the duration of the disease, particularly in the case of herpes simplex and aphthae. PMID- 6675572 TI - Studies on the therapeutic effect of Wratizolin in selected dermatoses. AB - Clinical investigations of ITCL drug ("Polfa") were carried out on 50 patients (15 women, 16 men, 19 children, at the age of 4-80). ITCL has been successful in non-specific inflammations accompanying some virus dermatoses (zoster, herpes simplex), in streptococcal pyoderma (impetigo, ecthyma), and in some allergic dermatoses (disseminated eczema and atopic dermatitis). Encouraging results were obtained with ITCL in the treatment of psoriasis. It seems that the further attempts with this should be continued in psoriasis. The capillaroscopic examinations in 6 patients revealed ITCL to have vasoconstrictive effect on the nail wall cutis capillaries 6 h after its application. This may be associated with the anti-inflammatory effect of the drug. PMID- 6675573 TI - Clinical studies on the effectiveness of Wratizolin in the treatment of some dermatoses. AB - Clinical studies on therapeutic effectiveness of ITCL applied as 2-3% ointment, 2% cream and 2-3% lotion were carried out. The study material included 96 patients at the age of 9-80. Of this group, 19 patients were with herpes zoster, 16 with herpes simplex, 29 with eczema complicated by secondary bacterial infection, 30 with palm and foot pustulosis, 1 patient with actinic cheilitis and 1 with varicella. The results obtained have revealed that the preparation is particularly effective in the treatment of dermatoses induced by herpes zoster and herpes simplex virus. PMID- 6675574 TI - The effect of TFX (Polfa) on mouse fibroblasts and macrophages in carcinogenicity assays. AB - TFX (Polfa) was tested for potential carcinogenic effect in in vitro and in in vivo - in vitro tests, using BALB/c mouse cells. Neither mouse embryo culture cells, nor BALB/3T3 fibroblasts cell line exposed to TFX did show any sign of transformation in their pattern of growth and morphology. In the in vivo - in vitro peritoneal macrophages transformation test TFX caused transformation as estimated by alteration in cell morphology and growth behavior, but after s.c. transplantation of the transformed cells into immunoincompetent syngeneic animals as well as into nude mouse, no tumor developed. PMID- 6675575 TI - Examinations on contribution of bradykinin in the action of dopamine in circulatory system of rats. I. Influence of bradykinin in the action of dopamine on arterial blood pressure of rats. AB - The influence of different doses of bradykinin (2.5 micrograms, 5 micrograms/kg i.v.) and dopamine (0.5 micrograms - a small dose and 25 micrograms, 250 micrograms/kg i.v. - a big dose) administered into the rat femoral artery on the blood pressure was estimated. Dopamine evoked hypotension (the small dose) or hypertension (the big dose). Bradykinin evoked dose-dependent decrease of the blood pressure. Bradykinin (2.5 micrograms/kg i.v.) administered in the 45th sec of the dopamine action enhanced the hypertensive effect and decreased the hypotensive effect of dopamine. Dopamine administered in the big dose after phentolamine and propranolol evoked hypotension. This effect was stronger after administration of dopamine (25 micrograms/kg i.v.). The hypotensive action of bradykinin persisted in spite of phentolamine and propranolol application but this peptide did not change the hypotensive effect of dopamine under these conditions. The authors discuss hypothetical mechanism of action of the observed influence of bradykinin on the effect of dopamine in the circulatory system. PMID- 6675576 TI - Examinations of contribution of bradykinin in the action of dopamine in circulatory system of rats. III. Influence of bradykinin on chosen metabolic effects of dopamine. AB - The influence of bradykinin on the action of dopamine in the biochemical examinations (the activity of phosphorylase "a" in the heart muscle, the level of free fatty acids and the level of lactic acid in blood) were estimated. It was shown that dopamine (250 micrograms, 500 micrograms, 750 micrograms/kg i.v.) increased and bradykinin (2.5 micrograms, 5 micrograms/kg i.v.) did not change the examined biochemical parameters. Bradykinin applied in the smaller dose simultaneously with dopamine in the smallest dose intensified the amine action. The peptide introduced into the organism in the higher dose increased the stimulatory action of dopamine as estimated by the of phosphorylase "a" activity in the heart muscle and diminished the amine effect as estimated by the free fatty acids and lactic acid in blood. Administration of bradykinin with dopamine in the highest dose - 500 micrograms/kg i.v., did not change the stimulatory action of the catecholamine. But application of bradykinin with dopamine in the highest dose diminished the stimulatory effect of the dopamine. Therefore, bradykinin modified the action of dopamine as it was demonstrated by the estimation of the metabolic effects. PMID- 6675578 TI - [A holistic model for information storage]. PMID- 6675579 TI - The consistency of behavioral inconsistencies. PMID- 6675577 TI - Chemical, pharmacological and oncostatic properties of 5-(4' hydroxybenzylidenoimino)-4, 6-diketo-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydropyrimidine-[4, 5-d]-3 methyl-isothiazole (compound IP-10). AB - Advanced preclinical studies on IP-10 preparation (4,6-diketo-4, 5, 6, 7 tetrahydropyrimidine-[4, 5-d]-3-methyl-isothiazole) were carried out. The drug was shown to be devoid of the irritating local effect, mildly toxic and hardly absorbing when administered per os. The toxic effect showed tendency toward cumulation. In the long-term exposure it did not affect either the elements of peripheral blood or parenchymatous organs. It exerted slight hypotensive effect on the circulatory system but only after intravenous administration. In relation to the smooth muscle organs and central nervous system, IP-10 was only slightly active. Weak effect of the compound was observed with bacteria and fungi. In the case of transplantable tumors, its activity was differentiated. It exerted a significant effect in relation to leukemia, melanoma B-16, Ehrlich carcinoma and Nemeth-Kellner lymphoma. As other isothiasole derivatives, IP-10 exhibits an interesting pharmacological, easy to render activity; particular attention should be paid to its oncostatis activity. PMID- 6675580 TI - The evaluation of convergent and discriminant validity by use of structural equations. PMID- 6675581 TI - [Program control and parameter adjustment in a sensory motor learning procedure]. PMID- 6675582 TI - Single-case analysis (time-series analysis) for the evaluation of documents. PMID- 6675583 TI - [A controlled study on the effects of nomifensine treatment of depression in the elderly]. AB - After a description of the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of Nomifensine, the results obtained by administering the drug to 40 elderly patients suffering from depression are reported. A double blind test with a placebo was conducted in two separate stages. Dosage was 70-75 mg per diem. Effects were evaluated on a slightly modified Plutchik scale. The drug alleviated depressive symptoms to a statistically significant greater degree than the placebo. Subjective side effects were minimal. No A.P. or biohumoral changes were observed. PMID- 6675584 TI - [Correlation of the DNCB skin test and CEA assay in the prognosis of malignant neoplasms]. AB - 130 neoplastic patients were subjected to DNCB skin tests and radioimmunological CEA measurements during antiblastic and/or radiation treatment. The prognostic reliability of the two techniques was examined as was the connection between DNCB response and CEA plasma levels. Results obtained confirm the link between development of the neoplasia and immunological factors in the host organism in 73% of the cases. The connection between CEA measurement and DNCB test was noted in only 56%. Finally CEA measurements of haematic levels alone corresponded to the clinical development of the condition in 71% of the cases examined. PMID- 6675585 TI - [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system during the extraction, concentration and reinfusion of ascitic fluid in cirrhotic patients]. AB - The course of hepatic cirrhosis involves alterations to the sodium-water balance, the aetiopathogenetic causes of which are still not entirely known. At first major importance was assigned to the role of secondary hyperaldosteronism which develops during the ascitic phase. This was subsequently recognised to have only a permissive rather than determinant function. Changes in the renin-angiotensin aldosterone (RAA) system and variations in hydrosaline balance as the extracellular volume (ECV) expands during the reinfusion of concentrated ascitic fluid have been studied. The data reported show that ECV expansion causes increased diuresis, natriuresis and osmolar clearance. The RAA system is suppressed and at the same time kaliuresis increases. The latter factor points up the role played by increased solute flow to the distal tube in the diuretico metabolic response, where aldosterone plays a purely permissive part. PMID- 6675586 TI - [Advantages and disadvantages of an experimental model for the study of acute hepatic insufficiency]. AB - At present, there is no ideal model for acute hepatic insufficiency that assists in the understanding of its numerous clinical and metabolic problems. Pharmacological models are reversible but biologically imprecise, whereas surgical models offer a homogeneous biological answer, but are irreversible and only suitable for brief experiments. An assessment is made here of a model in the rat involving complete devascularisation of the liver by portocava anastomosis and ligation of the liver peduncle, and total hepatectomy in a single stage. The following parameters were used to evaluate the experimental usefulness of the model: reproducibility of the response and death due to acute insufficiency after a period long enough to permit the efficacy of support management to be assessed. All the controls survived for indefinite periods after portocava anastomosis, whereas the mean survival of 20 animals subjected to total hepatectomy was 12.05 +/- 5.0 hr), and coma intervened 7.5 +/- 3.3 hr after resection. These results point to the usefulness of the model in studies on the treatment of hepatic insufficiency. It is open to further improvement through alteration of the post operative glycidic control and reduction of the radicality of liver resection. PMID- 6675587 TI - [Rectocolic carcinoma associated with ovarian neoplasms. A clinical study and review of the literature]. AB - Five cases of colorectal cancer associated with ovarian neoplasma are reported: three of them are multiple primary malignant lesions and the others are colorectal carcinoma with ovarian metastasis. Problems of its frequency are then discussed as well as and ethiopathogenesis in multiple primary malignant neoplasma and in ovarian metastasis. PMID- 6675588 TI - [Delayed intestinal cannulation in the postoperative period]. AB - 550 patients given abdominal or extra-abdominal surgery in the first six months of 1980 were examined to provide data on the incidence of delayed postoperative canalisation. Both general (sex, age, physical constitution) and surgical (extent of surgery, whether the peritoneal sac was opened) factors were considered. The data collected provide information on the prophylaxis and therapy of delayed postoperative canalisation. PMID- 6675589 TI - [Pseudomyxoma peritonei. Two illustrative cases]. AB - The authors present two cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei caused by a ruptured mucocele of the appendix and by ruptured mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary observed during the period from 1974 to 1981. It is demonstrated that the development of a generalized pseudomyxoma depends upon the rupture of mucocele or of mucinous cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary with graft of the muciparous cells floating in the "jelly" on the peritoneum of neighbouring organs. Cause of recurrences which require repeated operations for intestinal obstruction, the prognosis is poor although other treatment is carried on post operatively. PMID- 6675590 TI - [Biliary peritonitis without perforation]. AB - The extreme rarity of this condition is shown and its anatomopathological and clinical features described. Conclusive diagnosis is impossible to formulate preoperatively and emergency surgery is necessary to avoid complications which are always serious in biliary peritonitis. Finally the observed clinical case is described. PMID- 6675591 TI - [Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects of false acute articular rheumatism. Relation between acute articular rheumatism and viral arthralgia]. AB - All cases personally observed over a period of 18 months have been considered as possible cases A.A.R., beginning from january 1980. The results show that diseases simulating A.A.R. do exist, but they are probably of viral origin and have different clinical and laboratory characteristics. PMID- 6675592 TI - [Various epidemiological data on breast cancer in the north-west Canavese area]. AB - A retrospective epidemiological investigation has been conducted on nipple cancer cases observed over the past 10 years in the hospital of Castellamonte and Cuorgne. The high percentage of advanced cases of breast cancer encountered indicates the need for facilities (accurate, wide-ranging information, a tracer unit etc.) to provide early and therefore useful treatment of breast cancer in the area in question. PMID- 6675593 TI - [Two cases of vertebral agenesis]. AB - Two cases, one of partial lumbosacrococcygeal and one of partial sacrococcygeal agenesis are reported with a description of the deformities involved and, in the second case, the surgical correction carried out. PMID- 6675594 TI - [Atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis. Report of a personal case]. AB - A cause of cutaneou leishmaniosis is reported in which the similarities with ordinary dermatoses made differential diagnosis rather difficult. The patient's provenance from a endemic area and the exposed location of the lesions indicated leishmaniosis but conclusive diagnosis was only confirmed when the parasite was found in the lesion. PMID- 6675595 TI - [Radioisotopic ventriculography at rest and during effort: normal values]. PMID- 6675596 TI - [Sudden death in a low socioeconomic population of the city of Campinas: anatomopathological study]. PMID- 6675597 TI - [Treatment of chronic increase in the stimulation threshold with the use of corticosteroids in patients with artificial pacemakers]. PMID- 6675598 TI - [Compliance, efficacy and cost of the treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6675599 TI - [Radiological archway sign in the scimitar syndrome and its importance in surgery. Report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6675600 TI - Non-invasive detection of beat to beat variation in stroke volume during ventricular tachycardia. A case report. PMID- 6675601 TI - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and constrictive pericarditis with effusion]. PMID- 6675602 TI - [Dissociation of systemic and cardiac perfusion for heart surgery]. PMID- 6675603 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes during coronary arteriography]. PMID- 6675604 TI - [Fascicular blocks of the right branch. Standardization of vectorelectrocardiographic findings]. PMID- 6675605 TI - [Qualitative changes in the intracardiac autonomic nervous system in chronic Chagas' disease patients]. PMID- 6675606 TI - [Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Clinical and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6675608 TI - [Relation between blood pressure and urinary excretion of sodium in normal young subjects]. PMID- 6675609 TI - [Correlation between electro- and vectorcardiographic changes and left ventricular performance in chronic Chagas' cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6675607 TI - [Acute myocardial infarction. Comparison of the factors affecting the time elapsing between the onset of pain and hospitalization, in Sao Paulo and Jundiai]. PMID- 6675610 TI - [Cardiovascular lesions induced in rats by vitamin D. Possible protective effect of sulfinpyrazone]. PMID- 6675611 TI - [Pulmonary biopsy for evaluation of vascular disease secondary to congenital heart disease]. PMID- 6675612 TI - [Isolated ultrafiltration in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency and other hyperhydration states]. PMID- 6675613 TI - [Mitral atresia associated with transposition of great arteries, with well developed left ventricle. Clinical and angiographic analysis and results of atrial septostomy]. PMID- 6675614 TI - [A new technic for pacemaker implantation with an endocardial electrode in children]. PMID- 6675615 TI - [Myocardial protection by blood cardioplegia during extracorporeal circulation. Ultrastructural myocardial evaluation in the dog]. PMID- 6675616 TI - [Surgical treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Late clinical, electrophysiological and angiographic evaluation]. PMID- 6675617 TI - [Autotransfusion in cardiac surgery]. PMID- 6675618 TI - [Clinical and hemodynamic results of the Biocor bioprosthesis. Preliminary cooperative study]. PMID- 6675619 TI - [Late evaluation of patients with the heterologous Lifemed prosthesis. Cooperative study]. PMID- 6675620 TI - [Clinical experience with bovine pericardial bioprosthesis]. PMID- 6675621 TI - [An epoxy aortic valve: 9 years' clinical experience]. PMID- 6675622 TI - [Late clinical evaluation of patients with a Starr-Edwards prosthesis re-covered with biolytic carbon]. PMID- 6675623 TI - [Hemodynamic monitoring in the postoperative period of children undergoing correction of congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 6675624 TI - [Enlargement of the aortic root with a bovine pericardial patch preserved in glutaraldehyde]. PMID- 6675625 TI - [Carotid endarterectomy and simultaneous myocardial revascularization]. PMID- 6675627 TI - [Echocardiography--relative sensitivity and specificity of the method in various cardiopathies]. PMID- 6675628 TI - [Disagreement in the interpretation of ergometric tests]. PMID- 6675626 TI - [Conservative surgery of the mitral valve]. PMID- 6675629 TI - [Valve surgery in the elderly patient]. PMID- 6675630 TI - [Late evaluation of dura mater bioprostheses in tricuspid position]. PMID- 6675631 TI - [Chronic Chagas' cardiomyopathy: effects of dipyradamole on ventricular dynamics]. PMID- 6675632 TI - [Anatomopathological confirmation of the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 6675633 TI - [Congenital stenosis of the inferior vena cava in the suprahepatic region. Surgical correction of a case]. PMID- 6675634 TI - [Acute effects of nifedipine on left ventricular dynamics, in normal subjects and in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6675635 TI - Intussusception. A clinical review. PMID- 6675636 TI - Fractured neck of femur. A criteria audit of occupational therapy treatment. PMID- 6675637 TI - First steps towards community health accreditation. PMID- 6675638 TI - Diabetic clinics: a review of ethnic, suburban and medical referral patterns. PMID- 6675640 TI - A proposed national tonsillectomy audit? Report from the Criteria Committee on Tonsillectomy Audit. PMID- 6675639 TI - Medication errors--an ongoing problem. PMID- 6675641 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy. AB - A Clinical Memorandum of The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists outlining guidelines on the prescription, practice and procedure of Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). (October 1982--for review in October 1985.) An article entitled "Electroconvulsive Therapy--A Victorian Survey" was published in the March 1983 issue of Australian Clinical Review. This survey had been carried out as part of the process used by The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists to develop a position statement on Electroconvulsive Therapy. A clinical memorandum which provides standards for clinical review has now been produced and is published below. PMID- 6675642 TI - Peer review and the law. PMID- 6675643 TI - An audit in cardiovascular surgery. PMID- 6675644 TI - Hysterectomy review. PMID- 6675645 TI - Qualitative and quantitative changes in milk fat during lactation in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). AB - There are major quantitative and qualitative changes in the milk lipids during lactation in the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii. The crude lipid content of the milk is relatively low during the first 10 weeks of lactation; between 10 and 26 weeks post partum the lipid content increases gradually but after that it increases rapidly. The triglyceride fraction of the lipid at early stages of lactation contains a large amount of palmitic acid and relatively little oleic acid whereas mature milk exhibits little palmitic and much oleic acid. In the early stages of lactation fat represents 15% of the total solids and carbohydrate 55%; around 26-30 weeks post partum the carbohydrate moiety falls sharply to a level less than 2% of the solids while lipids increase to c. 60% of the solids. These changes coincide with increases in milk solids, emergence of the young from the pouch, ingestion of herbage, and fermentation of cellulose in the stomach. PMID- 6675647 TI - Plasma luteinizing hormone and testosterone concentrations in different breeds of young beef bulls in the tropics. AB - Plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were measured at 3, 8, and 11 months of age in 48 Africander cross (AX), 24 Brahman cross (BX), 21 Hereford-Shorthorn, selected (HSS) and 14 Hereford-Shorthorn, random-bred (HSR) bulls. In all breeds plasma LH was lower (P less than 0.01) at 8 months (1.7 ng/ml) than at 3 months (2.6 ng/ml) or at 11 months (2.6 ng/ml). Over all ages there were no differences among breeds in mean plasma LH (AX 2.4, BX 2.4, HSS 1.8, HSR 2.2 ng/ml) and no breed X age interactions. In contrast, plasma testosterone increased significantly (P less than 0.01) with age at a faster rate in the AX breed, resulting in a significant (P less than 0.05) breed X age interaction. Testosterone concentrations, though similar among breeds at 3 months of age (0.45 ng/ml), were much higher (P less than 0.01) by 11 months in AX (2.56 ng/ml) than in BX (1.30 ng/ml), HSS (0.78 ng/ml) or HSR (0.66 ng/ml) bulls. Although LH did not differ among the breeds studied, the more pronounced increase in testosterone with age in the Africander cross bulls is consistent with the higher level of fertility commonly observed in this breed when compared to Brahman cross and Hereford-Shorthorn breeds during natural mating in Queensland. PMID- 6675646 TI - Tissue metabolism of methionine in sheep. AB - The rate of oxidation of the carboxyl and methyl carbons of [14C]methionine to CO2 by homogenates of liver, kidney cortex, pancreas, muscle and small intestinal mucosa was studied in two breeds of sheep (Merino and Poll Dorset Horn) at three ages (2 weeks, 3 months, 4 years). Sodium alpha-keto-gamma- methiolbutyrate (0 X 4 mM) stimulated production of CO2 from the carboxyl carbon of methionine, but not from the methyl carbon. Sodium pyruvate did not affect the recovery of CO2 from either carboxyl or methyl of methionine. Sodium formate (15 mM) suppressed the conversion of the methyl carbon of methionine to CO2 by liver and kidney homogenates to 4 and 50%, respectively, of control values, but did not affect the percentage of carboxyl carbon of methionine recovered in CO2 with either tissue. With addition of S-methyl-L-cysteine (40 mM) and 3- methylthiopropionate (10 mM) the percentage of methyl and carboxyl carbons recovered in CO2 was reduced to about 20% of control values in homogenates of both tissues. Activity per gram of tissue was higher in liver and kidney cortex than in pancreas, intestinal mucosa, or muscle, with no significant differences due to breed (Merino or Poll Dorset Horn) or sex (ewe, ram or wether) of sheep. Conversion of both the carboxyl and methyl carbons to CO2 by liver was significantly lower in 2-week-old lambs than in older animals (P less than 0.01). The activity of other tissues was not markedly affected by age. Results are discussed in relation to evidence of alternative pathways of methionine catabolism, and capacities of the tissues of the sheep to catabolize methionine by alternative pathways. PMID- 6675648 TI - Mechanical effects of right atrial pressure on heart rate in the conscious rabbit. AB - We attempted to detect and quantify the mechanical effects of change in right atrial pressure on the chronotropic properties of the cardiac pacemaker, when blood volume was altered in an isohaemic fashion by +/- 27% in 8 conscious rabbits. Under control conditions there was a strong negative association between heart rate and right atrial pressure, attributable to the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex. After deletion of the main afferent sources of reflex effects on heart rate, by denervating the arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, there was an insignificant association between heart rate and right atrial pressure or arterial pressure. Then, in addition, the main neurohumoral effects on the cardiac pacemaker were eliminated by three different pharmacologic treatments: (1) the cardiac nerves were blocked by instilling 2% procaine into the pericardial sac, (2) cardiac beta-adrenoceptors and cholinergic receptors were blocked with intravenous propranolol and hyoscine methyl bromide, (3) the above treatments were combined with autonomic ganglion-blockade by intravenous pentolinium. The combination of cardiac afferent and efferent blockade (1 and 3) revealed a small but consistent positive association between heart rate and right atrial pressure of 1.3 and 0.7 beats/min/mmHg, respectively. With efferent blockade alone (2), there was a steeper positive association of 2.3 beats/min/mmHg. We conclude that in the conscious rabbit there may be a mechanical effect of right atrial pressure on the cardiac pacemaker, but that it is so small as to be of little importance under physiological conditions. PMID- 6675649 TI - Modulation of antibody responses to Vibrio cholerae in mice by adoptive transfer of Peyer's patch lymphocytes from orally immunised donors. AB - Peyer's patch lymphocytes from mice orally primed with V. cholerae injected into recipient mice together with V. cholerae led to a considerable suppression of IgM antibody-forming cells in the spleen by comparison with control mice receiving the same schedule but with Peyer's patch lymphocytes from unprimed mice. The effect on the splenic IgA responses of recipients was variable. Incomplete separation of the Peyer's patch cells showed that both T and B cell enriched fractions were active in this suppressive effect. PMID- 6675650 TI - Hepatic sinusoidal endothelium in goats. AB - The ultrastructure of the hepatic sinusoids of the goat was examined. Contrary to current belief concerning this and other ruminant species, we found the sinusoids to be lined by a smooth, continuous layer of endothelium, broken only by the presence of numerous, unoccluded fenestrae which provide a direct path of communication between the sinusoidal lumen and the space of Disse. Therefore, we suggest that a sieving function similar to that which has been shown to occur in rats may be attributed to the sinusoidal endothelium of the goat. PMID- 6675651 TI - Porphyria and scleroderma: a clinical and laboratory review of 12 patients. PMID- 6675652 TI - Investigations of trace metal content of normal and diseased nails. PMID- 6675653 TI - Clinico-histopathological study of epidermal naevi. PMID- 6675654 TI - The sign of Leser-Trelat. PMID- 6675655 TI - Exposures to patients in Australian radiological practice. PMID- 6675656 TI - Transfer of intravenous contrast media to the cerebro-spinal fluid: a brief communication. PMID- 6675657 TI - Case report. Recurrent hilar and mediastinal adenopathy secondary to bacterial pneumonitis. PMID- 6675658 TI - Bronchial artery-pulmonary artery anastomosis producing massive hemoptysis. PMID- 6675659 TI - Computed tomographic assessment of the mediastinum in patients with lung cancer. PMID- 6675661 TI - Stereoscopic calculation of tomographic cut level for intravenous cholangiography. PMID- 6675660 TI - Quantitative evaluation of biliary x-ray contrast agents in computed tomography. PMID- 6675662 TI - Evaluation of the double contrast small bowel enema in Crohn's disease of the small intestine. PMID- 6675663 TI - A particular use for the intravenous injection of indigo carmine. PMID- 6675664 TI - Successful surgical treatment of malignant hypertension due to metastatic seminoma. PMID- 6675665 TI - Idiopathic hypertrophic osteo-arthropathy (report of a further case with brief literature review). PMID- 6675667 TI - The value of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. AB - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) using Chiba needle was employed to diagnose obstructive jaundice in 31 subjects. It was successful in all 27 (87%) subjects who had dilatation of the biliary tree. Out of them, 15 had features suggestive of carcinoma, 9 had features of stone and 3 had features of stricture of the common bile duct (CBD). Surgery was done in 11 cases and PTC diagnosis of carcinoma of CBD in 4 and stricture of the same in one subject were confirmed. While in the remaining 6 subjects with a PTC diagnosis of CBD stone, 4 were found to be so and 2 had stricture of the duct. Three subjects had complications such as bile peritonitis, cholangitis and shock. In majority of the cases, the biochemical parameters were inconclusive. These results suggest that PTC may be useful in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice and this procedure should be employed more widely. PMID- 6675668 TI - Unilateral laryngocele--a case report. PMID- 6675666 TI - Study of the presence of rabies virus in indigenous bats. AB - One hundred and thirteen fruit eating and insectivorous bats were captured from different parts of Bangladesh. Antemortem and post mortem examinations of the bats for rabies were conducted. Microscopic studies and biological tests were carried-out with bat's brain for the detection of rabies virus. The results were negative. It may therefore, be concluded that the insectivorous and fruit eating bats from different parts of Bangladesh do not act as the reservoir for rabies virus. PMID- 6675669 TI - Cathepsin D from human brain: purification and multiple forms. AB - Cathepsin D was purified about 1000-fold from human brain cortex by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation (30-70%), Sephadex G-75 chromatography, affinity chromatography on pepstatin-Sepharose and isoelectric focusing. The enzyme was assayed fluorometrically at pH 3.2, the substrates used were globin or haemoglobin modified with pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. 6 multiple forms of cathepsin D were resolved in the isoelectric focusing step with pI values 4.4, 4.8, 5.3, 6.2, 6.5 and 6.8. Km of pyridoxal-globin and pyridoxal-haemoglobin for all 6 multiple forms is 1.8-2.0 X 10(-5) M and 1.3 to 4 X 10(-6) M, respectively, and Ki of pepstatin is 2-4 X 10(-9) M. Gel filtration of the multiple forms on Sephadex G 100 column showed that each has a molecular weight of about 50 000. Human brain cathepsin D has a pH optimum of 3.2 with a smaller second optimum at pH 4.0 (pyridoxal-haemoglobin being used as substrate). All the multiple forms have the same pH-dependence curve. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the purified enzyme produced 3 bands approximately corresponding to Mr 50 000, 35 000 and 15 000. Study of the breakdown of substance P and its C-terminal heptapeptide by cathepsin D shows that cleavage occurs at the Phe-Phe linkages of both substrates tested. PMID- 6675670 TI - [Quantitative aortic flow and cardiac output volume determinations in rabbits using tetrapolar impedance plethysmography]. AB - In 25 normal rabbits the transthoracic impedance changes were continually registered at rest and during pharmacological exercise by use of various types of electrodes. These changes were quantified by the formula of Kubicek for estimation of cardiac output. The obtained values were compared with the values of cardiac output and the flow in the aorta descendens measured by electromagnetic flowmetry in the aorta descendens. Linear regression analyses for several intervals of ejection and various types of electrodes showed a high and significant correlation between the values estimated by both methods (r greater than or equal to 0.96, p less than or equal to 0.001). The analyses of confidence intervals of the parameters of linear regression showed that the functional relations can be described by uniform parameters of regression. On this basis were estimated coefficients of correction which allow quantitative evaluation of the cardiac output and the flow in the aorta descendens in rabbits by use of tetrapolar impedance plethysmography. For cardiac output: (Formula: see text) for the flow in the aorta descendens: (Formula: see text) Tetrapolar impedance plethysmography is a noninvasive method, which allows quantitative and dynamic evaluation both of the cardiac output and the flow in the aorta descendens in rabbits. PMID- 6675671 TI - [Changes in protein synthesis in the liver and small intestine of rats after feeding]. AB - Rats trained on fast food intake received a combined intravenous injection of [14C]valine and unlabelled valine before and 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after food intake, respectively. The rate of protein synthesis was calculated basing on the average specific radioactivity of free valine in blood plasma and in the analyzed tissues during the 10 min incorporations period and on the specific radioactivity of protein bound valine in the tissues at the end of incorporation time. Before food intake the fractional rate of protein synthesis (ks) in liver was 55-67% per day and increased 1 to 4 h after food ingestion to 80-120% per day. ks in small intestine before food intake amounted to 78-109% per day and no specific changes were observed in time course. The synthesized amount of protein in liver and small intestine (related to 100 g body weight) was found to be 14-19 mg/h before food ingestion. This value increased postprandially in the liver to 25-32 mg/h and decreased towards the end of the testing period to 20-25 mg/h. The stimulation of the rate of protein synthesis in liver and perhaps in other organs may be part of a mechanism delaying the inflow of amino acids into tissues with lower turnover rates. PMID- 6675672 TI - [Calorigenic action of dopamine and dobutamine]. AB - In tests on narcotized rats dopamine and dobutamine show significant calorigenic actions By subcutaneous application dobutamine is nearly as effective as noradrenaline while dopamine acts approximately five times less. Pretreatment with desipramine increases the calorigenic action of noradrenaline and accelerates its onset and its dying down simultaneously. Such a pretreatment exerts no influence whatever on the calorigenic action of dobutamine, which begins and dies down remarkably fast. Calorigenic action of dopamine is lessened by desipramine pretreatment, unambiguously. If sympathomimetics are not taken up into the neurons or their uptake is blocked by substances like desipramine, their access to the receptors is facilitated and their biotransformation possibly favoured. PMID- 6675673 TI - [Calorigenic action of noradrenaline and isoprenaline without and after pretreatment with desipramine]. AB - In metabolic tests in narcotized rats it could be demonstrated that isoprenaline under continuous intramuscular infusion is, calorigenically, about three times more effective than noradrenalin. By blocking the uptake of sympathomimetics into peripheral adrenergic neurones by means of desipramine the calorigenic effect of noradrenalin is increased thirteenfold while under isoprenaline it decreases slightly. PMID- 6675674 TI - Vasopressin and oxytocin in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of conscious rabbits- response to dehydration and haemorrhage. AB - Vasopressin and oxytocin were determined simultaneously by a radioimmunoassay in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of conscious, unrestrained rabbits. An elevation of neuropeptide levels in plasma, but not in cerebrospinal fluid, in response to dehydration or haemorrhage suggests an independent regulation of vasopressin and oxytocin concentration in both body fluids. PMID- 6675675 TI - [Modification of the recovery of reserpine-induced amine depletion]. AB - Recovery of the dopamine storage pool after depletion by reserpine was slightly enhanced by treatment with nandrolone but remained unaffected by nootropic drugs. PMID- 6675676 TI - [Effectiveness of phenol body polymers against influenza virus A/Krasnodar/101/59/H2N2]. PMID- 6675677 TI - Biorheological and metabolic dysfunctions of density-fractionated erythrocytes in diabetics with peripheral vascular disease. AB - Preliminary communications are presented about a serial study of biorheological and metabolic dysfunctions of density-fractionated erythrocytes (RBC) in diabetics with vaso-occlusive disorders. The study aimed at evaluating the influence of metabolic disorder due to diabetes mellitus on RBC substrates, deformability and glycohaemoglobin (HbA1) levels. The peak HbA1 level served to confirm the duration of serum metabolic disorder due to diabetic crisis. The rheological and metabolic changes of RBC were compared with serial estimations repeated on the same patients when asymptomatic concerning diabetes after insulin therapy. RBC deformability was measured optoelectronically by microcomputer assisted polymicroviscometry (filtrometry) following separation of RBC into old (dense) and young (buoyant) fractions by means of density-layer centrifugation. 15 adult patients with diabetes mellitus typ II associated with macroangiopathy Fontaine II underwent RBC investigations before and after diabetic therapy. Those RBC fractions containing older cells disclosed an impaired metabolism, increased HbA1 levels and markedly altered deformability which significantly differed from values obtained from young RBC. But after insulin-therapy old RBC fractions only revealed persistently an increase of HbA1 levels and metabolic disorder associated with a still altered deformability, in contrast to young RBC which in again showed normal values. The preliminary results suggest an adaptable alteration of RBC metabolism and function in diabetes, predominantly existing in old RBC, but after insulin-therapy still persisting only in old (dense) fractions. Thus, a prolonged pathologic effect of older RBC occurred in diabetes probably resulting in a further persistent maintenance of diabetic vascular disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6675678 TI - Does cell density correlate with red cell age? AB - We have examined age-related changes in red cells by employing a serial hypertransfusion protocol to generate populations of in vivo-aged mouse red cells. Studies of these old cells have revealed alterations in membrane components; namely, a conversion of band 4.1b to 4.1a and an increase in the amount of membrane-associated, Triton-insoluble globin. Furthermore, we have found that the erythrocyte does change in density, but only during the earliest stages of its life-span. As the cell continues to age, there is no longer a correlation between age and density. PMID- 6675680 TI - Mechanical membrane properties of human red blood cells and their change due to metabolic disturbance. AB - Blood of patients suffering from non-spherocytic chronic haemolytic anemia due to individual mutations of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and pyruvate kinase (PK) was investigated by biochemical and rheological methods. Both enzymopathies are characterized by a strong increase (by the factor 2 to 4) in the overall RBC-rigidity and the elastic membrane shear modulus of the RBC. There was a positive correlation between the changed elastic shear modulus and the clinical picture in the case of PK deficiency and, in contrast, a negative correlation for patients with G-6-PD enzymopathies. The ability of RBC to change their shape or the static deformability is determined by the excess surface regarding to the enclosed volume, by the rheological properties of the hemoglobin content and by the membrane extension and bending moduli. The dynamic deformability is characterized by the time constant for rapid elastic and plastic deformations and becomes important for entrance and discharge processes in the microcirculation. These rheological relevant properties are subjected to metabolic control. Although for both enzymopathies the mechanism of hemolysis is not understood in detail, it has to be assumed that PK deficient RBC are mostly phagocytized and on the other hand G-6-PD deficient cells are destroyed to a higher extent by intravasal hemolysis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not expected changes in the RBC membrane structure due to the decreased ATP production by PK enzymopathies and diminished NADPH production by G 6-PD deficiencies result in abnormal mechanical membrane properties. The answer should give a better understanding of the premature RBC destruction. PMID- 6675679 TI - Some morphological consequences of uncoupling the lipid bilayer from the plasma membrane skeleton in intact erythrocytes. AB - Various procedures which achieve the local separation of the lipid bilayer portion of the plasma membrane from the membrane skeleton cause a destabilisation of the lamellar form of the bilayer and release of bilayer microvesicles containing encapsulated cytosol. These procedures can give us information concerning the composition of the bilayer, the nature of its interaction with the membrane skeleton and the mechanism of the membrane fusion events which are involved in vesiculation. Bilayer microvesicles appear to retain the phospholipid orientation of the original cells, suggesting that spectrin is not essential for the maintenance of lipid asymmetry. PMID- 6675681 TI - Senescent red cell-bound IgG is attached to band 3 protein. AB - Senescent red cell-bound IgG autoantibody-antigen complexes were precipitated from extracts of surface-125I-iodinated red cells with an antibody to human IgG. Immunoprecipitates contained labeled band 3 protein and some higher molecular weight complexes. PMID- 6675683 TI - Concomitant changes of membrane leak permeability and phospholipid dynamics in erythrocytes subjected to chemical and physical membrane perturbation. AB - A mild selective oxidant of erythrocyte membrane SH-groups producing SS-bonds and inducing reversible crosslinking of spectrin, as well as strong less specific oxidants which produce a more extensive modification of membrane proteins and peroxidation of lipids and dielectric breakdown of the membrane induce formation of structural defects acting as aqueous pores and reorientation sites for phospholipids. The coupling of a process requiring hydrophilic structures (leak permeability) and a process also involving hydrophobic constituents (flip of phospholipids) suggests that the membrane lipid domain is involved in the effects. PMID- 6675682 TI - Membrane processes during 'in vivo' aging of human erythrocytes. AB - Membrane modifications occurring during in vitro and in vivo aging in human erythrocytes have been investigated. The structural damages are the consequence of proteolytic and oxidative processes and involve both glycoprotein and protein component of the membrane. The target of these processes seems to be the same during in vitro and in vivo aging. PMID- 6675684 TI - Analysis of erythrocyte rheology by laser light scattering. PMID- 6675685 TI - The reaction between nitrite and hemoglobin. PMID- 6675687 TI - Exercise-induced increase of methaemoglobin concentration and low cooperativity in haemoglobin-oxygen binding at rest correlate with low oxygen consumption during maximal effort. AB - Relations between oxygen consumption, physical effort and parameters characterizing oxygen transport by red blood cells [rbc] before and after exercise were assessed in 32 healthy persons. The oxygen affinity of haemoglobin was studied in rbc by several measurements of pO2, pCO2, pH and HbO2 in samples of heparinized venous blood equilibrated with the gas compartment containing decreasing concentrations of O2 and 5% CO2. The actual oxygen affinity significantly decreased after exercise with the values of log p50 [act] equal 1.42 +/- 0.1 at rest and 1.51 +/- 0.12 after the effort; the difference was assessed by the nonparametric test of pairs [p less than 0.05]. No effect of exercise was noted on the mean values of apparent p50, a parameter sensitive to the intraerythrocytic regulators of haemoglobin-oxygen affinity. In subjects with the highest values of efficiency of oxygen utilization [Eff], i.e. the lowest oxygen consumption during maximal effort, the values of Eff were however found to be correlated with the cooperativity in Hb-O2 binding at rest [r = 0.565] and with the exercise-induced changes in metHb concentration [r = 0.258]. The exercise-induced changes in metHb concentration correlated with the exercise induced change in apparent p50 [r = 0.496]. PMID- 6675686 TI - Enzymatic reduction of hemoglobins M. AB - Reductions of five species of hemoglobins (Hb1) M by two methemoglobin reductases and by ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADP reductase were studied under anaerobic conditions. Abnormal chains of Hb M Milwaukee and Hb M Saskatoon were reduced by NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (= NADH-methemoglobin reductase) highly purified from human erythrocytes. Hb M Saskatoon was also reduced by an another enzyme in red cells, NADPH-flavin reductase (= NADPH-methemoglobin reductase). All Hbs M with a beta chains anomaly such as Hb M Hyde Park, Hb M Saskatoon, and Hb M Milwaukee were reduced by ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADP reductase. These three enzymatic reduction systems did not reduce Hbs M with an alpha chain anomaly such as Hb M Iwate and Hb M Boston. These differences in the reduction are discussed in relation to the redox potential of each abnormal chain in methemoglobin M. PMID- 6675688 TI - Transbilayer mobility of phospholipids in the erythrocyte membrane. Influence of the membrane skeleton. AB - Oxidative treatment of erythrocytes results in a strong enhancement of transbilayer reorientation of exogenous lysophospholipids. Only upon selective oxidation of SH-groups and concomitant crosslinking of spectrin by diamide, however, asymmetry of distribution of inner layer phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine in the erythrocyte membrane becomes lost. This indicates that asymmetry is not due to a low transbilayer reorientation of the inner layer phospholipids, but that phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine do not have access to the flip sites in the native membrane. A role of membrane skeleton proteins in the suppression of access of inner layer phospholipids to the flip sites is indicated by the loss of asymmetry of both phospholipids in spectrin depleted inside out vesicles and in vesicles produced by heat denaturation of spectrin. This idea is further supported by the observation that inner layer phospholipids analogues lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylserine spontaneously accumulate in the inner layer of native erythrocytes, whereas lysolecithin does not. Moreover, this asymmetry is abolished in inside out vesicles. PMID- 6675689 TI - Oxido-reductive reactions of sulfhemoglobin with various reagents associated with changes in conformation of the protein. AB - The optical peaks at Soret region and near at 620 nm of sulfhemoglobin (sulfHb) shifted from 419.5 nm to 423 nm and from 623 nm to 619 nm, respectively, according to the decrease in oxygen concentrations of the sulfHb solution (1 atm to zero atm). This shift of optical peaks was strengthened by the addition of inositol hexaphosphate (P6-inositol), a strong allosteric effector of Hb. Thus the shift of the optical peaks seems to reflects the changes in conformation of sulfHb. In order to clarify the relationship between the conformation of sulfHb and the reactivity of the protein with various reagents, we studied the oxidation and reduction reaction of the protein with ascorbic acid, ferricyanide and nitrite under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The results suggested that the rate of oxido-reductive reactions of ferrous and ferric sulf Hbs with these compounds are associated with the conformation of the protein. PMID- 6675690 TI - Transferrin endocytosis and iron uptake during erythroid cell development. AB - Electron microscope autoradiography was used to quantitate the uptake of transferrin and transferrin-bound iron by rat erythroid cells at the various stages of development. The capacity of the cells to take up iron closely paralleled their ability to bind transferrin, suggesting that the level of transferrin receptors is the major factor which regulates the rate at which immature erythroid cells can accumulate iron. Maximal transferrin and iron uptake occurred at the basophilic normoblast stage and then decreased progressively during maturation to the reticulocyte. During development, immature rat erythroid cells acquire about twice as much iron from transferrin as is present in the haemoglobin of mature erythrocytes. PMID- 6675691 TI - The unequal expression of human alpha-globin genes at the protein level. AB - Chromatographic and electrophoretic quantitation of the two different kinds of abnormal alpha-chain variations, present in the double heterozygote for Hb J Buda/Hb A/Hb G Pest, revealed a relative abundance of Hb J Buda in the young red cells in comparison to the old and total erythrocyte populations of the same individual. This result is in good agreement with the literary data on the unequal mRNA production of the two alpha-globin genes, providing the supposition that unequal alpha-gene expression is manifested at the protein level in humans too. PMID- 6675692 TI - Isolation of erythropoietin by monoclonal antibody. PMID- 6675693 TI - Balance of ATP consumption of reticulocytes. AB - The sum-total of ATP produced amounts to 135 mmoles X 1 reticulocytes-1 X hour-1. About 70% of the ATP consumption has been accounted for by specific processes. The main contributing processes are: the globin synthesis with about 28%; the Na+/K+-ATPase with 23%, and the ATP-dependent share of proteolysis with more than 15%. 30% of ATP consumption has not been accounted for. Cycloheximide (20 X 10( 6) M) leads to a dissociation between synthesis and degradation of proteins, which argues against any obligatory connection between these processes. About 90% of the lysine liberated from mitochondria by proteolysis were reutilized for the globin synthesis demonstrating the high nitrogen economy of reticulocytes. Each of the ATP consuming processes studied appears to control ATP production in an independent manner without competition with each other. PMID- 6675694 TI - Sickled erythrocytes: a model to study the stabilization of the phospholipid bilayer in the red cell membrane. PMID- 6675695 TI - Energy balance in rabbit reticulocytes and its control by adenine nucleotides. AB - Respiration, lactate formation and adenine nucleotide contents were measured in highly enriched rabbit reticulocytes using substrates and mitochondrial inhibitors to adjust different states of energy metabolism. With glucose as substrate rates of ATP synthesis generated via mitochondrial plus glycolytic ADP phosphorylation of 1,6 mumoles ATP/ml cells X min were calculated at cellular ATP/ADP ratios of 13 resp. phosphorylation potentials of about 8000 M-1. Titrations with inhibitors acting at different levels of mitochondrial ATP production (antimycin A, oligomycin, uncouplers 2,4 DNP or FCCP and combinations) revealed a stepwise decline of ATP/ADP ratios and phosphorylation potentials attaining values of 5 and lower, and 1100, respectively, comparable to observations without exogenous glucose. The inhibited phosphorylating respiration was compensated by apparently not fully stoichiometric stimulation of glycolysis resulting in calculated rates of ATP synthesis lowered towards 1,0 (oligomycin) and fluctuating between 1,3 and 2,0 (antimycin). Mutual linkages between ATP producing and consuming reactions obviously influenced by the inhibitory species themselves are suggested compatible with the assumption that multiple steady states in reticulocyte energy metabolism might be established. PMID- 6675696 TI - Red cell creatine in steady state and stimulated erythropoiesis. AB - Intra- and interindividual variances as well es the age dependency of red cell creatine were studied. Following a single erythropoietic stimulation creatine can stay elevated for many months. A rise of creatine may not only reflect a shift towards a younger cell population but also different erythropoietic sites. The creatine concentration of red blood cells (rbc) has been shown to be an excellent indicator of cell age (1,2,3) and of dynamics of erythropoiesis (3). Intra- and interindividual variances were determined. Fig. 1 (designed according to 4) shows the variance of the method (3)-both for serial determinations and for repeated analyses of the same sample after storing up to 19 days--as well as the variances for the individual person and for a group. It is shown, that the values for one individual are remarkably constant. Fig. 2 illustrates values obtained from presumably healthy persons without evidence of hematological pathology--from newborn to old age. The fat bar represents the values for adults with a mean of 6,64 mg/dl cells and a rather small standard deviation. The mean creatine concentration for very old persons (bar to the utmost right) appears to be higher with a larger standard deviation. However, these values probably should be taken with caution, since some of the persons might have had some minor cardiac or pulmonary difficulty or occult blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract--even though they were declared healthy by the physician of the seniority home. From the age of 6 months on there appears to be no age dependency of rbc creatine concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6675697 TI - Conversion of pyruvate kinase (PK) isozymes during development of normal and PK deficient erythroblasts. AB - Using immunofluorescent antibody techniques, conversion of pyruvate kinase (PK) isozymes during the maturation of erythroblasts was studied. In normal subjects, M2-type PK was clearly seen at the proerythroblast stage, then markedly declined with cell maturation, whereas L-type PK continued to increase. In classical type PK deficiency, M2-type PK was still clearly seen in orthochromatic erythroblasts, whereas L-type PK was scarcely detected during maturation. In other PK deficiency cases, change of L-type PK showed a similar pattern to that of normal while M2 type PK was still clearly seen at the later stage of maturation as in the classical type. In K-562 human leukemia cell line, M2-type PK declined and L-type PK increased in parallel with hemoglobin synthesis by addition of hemin, an inducer for differentiation into erythroblasts. Hemoglobin synthesis and L-type PK production appear to have interrelation during the differentiation and maturation of erythroblasts. PMID- 6675698 TI - Structural variants of human glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD): role of intracellular decay in the expression of deficiency. AB - The biochemical mechanisms of enzyme deficiency were investigated for two low activity G6PD variants, i.e. G6PD Mediterranean and G6PD Cagliari (a new variant). This study required the complete removal of leukocytes and platelets from blood samples and the use of sensitized procedures for assays of activity. G6PD Cagliari has a highly accelerated decay within circulating RBC and a near normal catalytic efficiency. The deficiency typical of G6PD Mediterranean (approx. 0.1% of the normal levels) is mediated by moderately reduced specific activity, while no clear decay was seen in mature RBC: however, the minute levels of activity that are observed in reticulocytes suggest that a strongly enhanced breakdown takes place during maturation of erythroid cells. PMID- 6675699 TI - Mechanisms of red cell clearance in favism. AB - Divicine (2,6-diamino-4,5-dihydroxypyrimidine) is a quinoid compound contained in high amounts in all fava bean strains. It elicits a number of metabolic and rheological modifications in G6PD-deficient RBC. Besides this, it stimulates erythrophagocytosis by mouse peritoneal macrophages and formation of crossbonded red cells. The latter are intracellularly membrane-bonded red cells, which form during hypertonic incubation and subsequent swelling. All effects observed in vitro were also observed in vivo in the early phases of fabic hemolysis. In particular, phagocytosis and crossbonding offer a basis for understanding extravasal hemolysis. PMID- 6675700 TI - On the "anaemia" of heterozygous thalassaemia and on the possible relation of microcytosis to haemoglobin concentration. PMID- 6675701 TI - The energy metabolism of pyruvate kinase deficient red blood cells. AB - The metabolic consequences of PK enzymopathies on the energy metabolism have been studied by means of mathematical modelling. The proposed steady state model of glycolysis takes into account the main regulatory properties of the non equilibrium enzymes and the Mg-complex formation by the adenine nucleotides and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. The analysis of three distinct individual cases of PK enzymopathies has demonstrated that mathematical modelling may lead to a deeper understanding and a quantitative estimate of the metabolic disregulation. PMID- 6675702 TI - Developmental changes of mouse red cell pyruvate kinase. AB - The increase in red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentration during mouse postnatal development is highly correlated with the decrease in red cell pyruvate kinase (PK) activity. Immunoneutralization curves for newborn and adult red cell PK are parallel, which suggests that the higher PK activity in newborn mouse red cells is due primarily to a greater quantity of PK protein. Mouse newborn and adult red cell PK also differ in mobility on cellulose acetate electrophoresis (pH 7.5). This is true for two strains of mice (C57BL/6 and IS/Cam) whose adult red cell PK electrophoretic patterns differ (single vs. double bands, respectively). Trypsinization does not alter the electrophoretic mobilities of C57BL/6 newborn and adult red cell PK, but it does convert the IS/Cam adult PK to a single band of greater mobility than the single band of C57BL/6 adult PK. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that mice have structurally different forms of PK for newborn and adult red cells, analogous to the fetal gamma- and adult beta-globins of humans. PMID- 6675704 TI - A comparative kinetics and regulatory study of pyruvate kinase from rat erythrocytes, reticulocytes and bone marrow cells. AB - The kinetics of pyruvate kinase (PK) at various phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) concentrations, has been studied in cells of the erythrocytic line. The enzyme from erythrocytes shows positive cooperativity, it behaves as michaelian in reticulocytes and shows negative cooperativity in bone marrow cells. ATP exerts an inhibitory effect in all cases. The activator effect of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate (FBP) was found only in erythrocytes. PMID- 6675703 TI - One-step purification of L-type pyruvate kinase by microimmunoaffinity chromatography. AB - L-type pyruvate kinase from several tissues was purified by a micro-method of immunaffinity chromatography and the subunit structure analysed by SDS electrophoresis (1-3). Whereas in adult human kidney L as well as L' seem to be present in the normal erythrocyte only L' subunits could be identified. PMID- 6675705 TI - Mathematical model of pyruvate kinase of chicken erythrocytes. AB - The PK in mammals is different with regard to molecular structure and kinetic properties from PK in avian hepatocytes (1). Our studies show that the same isoenzyme of PK occurs both in red blood cells and hepatocytes. The PK of human erythrocytes belong to the L-type, that of chicken erythrocytes to the K-type. Both isoenzymes are characterized by cooperative regulation. Allosteric behavior is more pronounced for the chicken enzyme than for that of human erythrocytes. Chicken erythrocyte PK is activated by serine and exhibits a high FDP affinity. PMID- 6675706 TI - Red cell G6PD decay in circulating cells: a possible marker for variants identification. AB - The age dependent decay of G6PD activity was studied in G6PD deficient red cells free of leukocytes and platelets and separated on a density gradient. The pattern of decay can be a useful additional parameter to characterize enzyme variants. PMID- 6675708 TI - Xth International Symposium on Structure and Function of Erythroid Cells. PMID- 6675707 TI - The intraerythrocytic response to anaemia in syndromes of intermediate beta thalassaemia. PMID- 6675709 TI - Breakdown of adenine nucleotides of human erythrocytes. PMID- 6675710 TI - Rabbit red blood cell hexokinase. Mechanism of decay during cell life-span. AB - Rabbit red blood cells contain hexokinase type I whereas in the reticulocyte two distinct molecular forms (HK Ia and Ib) are present. One (HK Ia) corresponds to hexokinase type I from other tissues, while the other differs from any previously reported isozyme. Rabbit bone marrow cells contain hexokinase type I and II. However, when the erythroid precursor cells become predominant over the non erythroid cells (during phenylhydrazine anemia) a great increase of HK Ia can be observed concomitant with the appearance of HK Ib. Fractionation of the bone marrow cells on density gradients provides evidence that basophil erythroblasts and proerythroblasts contain only HK Ia while HK Ib appears at the reticulocyte stage. Maturation and ageing of circulating reticulocytes are associated with the decrease of hexokinase activity. Since the decay rate of HK Ib is about three times higher than the decay rate of HK Ia, the mature erythrocytes do not contain appreciable amounts of HK Ib. Furthermore, in vitro, HK Ia and Ib possess similar stabilities so that a cellular mechanism must be responsible of their in vivo different decay rates. This mechanism, as reported in this paper, is ATP dependent, could be found in the soluble fraction, and is active only at the reticulocyte stage. These properties are similar to those of the ATP-dependent proteolytic system. Pure ubiquitin, an essential polypeptide of the ATP-dependent proteolytic system, is also able to catalyze the decay of hexokinase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6675711 TI - Spectrin oligomers of the red cell membrane extracts in hereditary spherocytosis. AB - Spectrin oligomers were extracted from the erythrocyte membrane at 37 degrees C with the low ionic strength buffer. The spectrin extractability of HS membranes was enhanced compared with controls in some cases. The major spectrin component in the extract was dimer which was, apart from a tetramer, purified by gel filtration on the Sepharose 4B column. No changes of dimer-tetramer interconversion in the extract from HS membranes were observed. Similarly, the protein composition of the membrane extracts from two types of red cells remained unchanged. PMID- 6675712 TI - Assessing a quality control program for erythrocyte preservation and attempts to improve quality of cells after storage at +4 degree C. AB - About 22 in vitro parameter values were used to evaluate the condition of erythrocytes stored at +4 degrees C in SAGM (1) medium for 28 and 42 d. The parameters were related to such different functions of the erythrocyte, as glycolysis, ion transport, purine metabolism, membrane function and membrane morphology immediately after storage and after subsequent incubation at physiological conditions for 30 min. The evaluation included comparison with posttransfusion viability after 42 d of storage. The investigation gives information in statistical terms about relations between the parameter values and their change with storage time. Total adenylates are superior to ATP in predicting post transfusion viability. There is a good correlation between the in vitro parameters: total adenylates, morphology score and erythrocyte fluidity. PMID- 6675713 TI - Cell shape and total adenylate concentration as important factors for posttransfusion survival of erythrocytes. AB - Red cells were stored for 42 days in a CPD/SAGM plastic bag system and then rejuvenated with bicarbonate, pyruvate and slow addition of adenosine. The reversibility and the time dependence of metabolic and morphologic changes were compared with autologous, posttransfusion survival. Total adenylates correlated better (r = 0.88) than ATP with viability in vivo ATP was better maintained when the blood was stored under anaerobic than aerobic conditions. A high correlation between morphology and viability was found in rejuvenated cells (r = 0.95). It is suggested that the time needed for reversal of changes is essential for viability. PMID- 6675714 TI - CDS-AG medium for red blood cell preservation. AB - Buffy coat-free red cell concentrates (RCC) from ACD, ACD-AG, and EDTA blood were prepared at the day of collection and resuspended with about one half of the packed red cell volume of a citrate-dextrose-sucrose-adenine-guanosine solution (CDS-AG). The posttransfusion survival of RBC in red cell suspensions (RCS) amounted to about 80% after 35 days of storage. 50 to 63% of the normal ATP level still remained. About 0.3% of red cells were hemolysed. 10% of red cells existed unchanged as discocytes, about 85% were transformed to echinocytes and 5% to spherocytes. The MCHC increased by about 25% due to a shrinkage of RBC. A much more hypertonic citrate-saline anticoagulant solution (420 mosmol/kg) increased the shrinkage, led to a higher hemolysis and lower posttransfusion survival rates. PMID- 6675715 TI - Membrane alteration during banking of red blood cells. AB - Irreversible RBC membrane alterations take place during liquid storage (whole blood, RBC concentrates). Major membrane lesions are conformational changes of glycophorines, number reduction of A determinants and NaNa containing negatively charged groups, loss of phospholipids, expression of IgG receptors, redistribution of spectrin and vesiculation. Effects of these changes on the rheological and immunological cell properties as well as their importance for RBC elimination after reinfusion are discussed. Preliminary studies show that low temperature preservation of RBC (-25 degrees C) stabilizes the RBC membrane more extensively than liquid storage techniques. PMID- 6675716 TI - The genetic abnormalities involving red cell membrane protein 4.1 with or without elliptocytosis. AB - We have studied 20 caucasian individuals including 3 independent persons and 17 persons belonging to 6 unrelated families. These subjects are normal or elliptocytic. On biochemical grounds, families with hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) can be divided in two groups. (i) Three families in which HE is associated with a marked reduction (approximately 30%) of the band 4.1 percentage, upon scanning of SDS-polyacrylamide gels. This deficiency is associated with the absence of obvious clinical symptom and a dominant genetic transmission. (ii) Three HE families display a normal amount of band 4.1. Among two of them, HE is concomitant with moderate clinical manifestations and with a genetic transmission that seems to be morphologically recessive. In the last family, HE is transmitted as a dominant trait and is clinically silent. Finally, in the 3 isolated persons, HE is asymptomatic but the mode of genetic transmission could not be ascertained. One of them has a decreased amount of band 4.1 similar to that observed in the first group. To date, the band 4.1 deficiency is probably the best example of a relatively frequent specific molecular defect associated with a specific morphological abnormality. In one family with this type of HE, we have fortuitously discovered, at the heterozygous state, a variant of protein 4.1, shortened by about 8 500 daltons, involving both subcomponents 4.1a and 4.1b and morphologically silent. PMID- 6675717 TI - Vitamin E and stabilization of membrane lipid organization in red blood cells with peroxidative damage. AB - The phospholipids distribution across red cell membrane bilayer is asymmetrical. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) are predominantly present in the outer, and phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are predominantly present on the cytoplasmic side of the red cell membrane. The present study reports the effect of fatty acid peroxidation on the organization of PS and PE in human red cells using a nonpermeable Bee Venom phospholipase-A2 which specifically hydrolyzes outer bilayer lipids. Lipid peroxidation in the red cell membranes was accomplished by exposing cells to hydrogen peroxide. This treatment resulted in a significant movement of PS and PE from inner bilayer to outer bilayer, which had a highly positive correlation with the concentration of malonyldialdehyde generated in the red cells. Antioxidant vitamin E abolished the effects of peroxide treatment on fatty acid peroxidation and red cell membrane lipid organization. Thus, lipid peroxidative damage can disturb organization of phospholipids in the membrane bilayer of human red cells. PMID- 6675718 TI - Highlights in erythrocyte research. PMID- 6675719 TI - Ionic states and metabolism of erythrocytes. PMID- 6675720 TI - Dynamic behaviour of amphiphilic lipids to penetrate into membrane of intact human erythrocytes and to induce change in the cell shape. AB - Shape change (crenation, echinocyte formation) of intact human erythrocytes induced by added phosphatidylcholine or lysophosphatidylcholine species with varying acyl chain lengths was dependent only on the amount of the lipid incorporated into the membrane (determined with 14C-labelled lipids), irrespective of the chain length. The chain length appears to determine the speed and the maximal extent of the lipid transfer from the outside medium into the membrane. The altered shape gradually reverted upon incubation at 37 degrees C, not at low temperature, until the cells reassumed their normal shape. Translocation of the incorporated lipid molecules from the outer to the inner leaflet of the membrane lipid bilayer occurred to a slight extent during the incubation. PMID- 6675721 TI - Bilayer couple hypothesis of red cell shape transformations and osmotic hemolysis. AB - It is shown how according to the bilayer couple hypothesis the cell volume and cell shape at hemolysis depend on the difference between areas of the two leaflets of the membrane bilayer. The result is used to interpret the time course of the hemolytic process. PMID- 6675722 TI - Assay of red cell membrane deformability with some applications. AB - An improved method is described for measuring red cell membrane deformability via aspiration into the 0.6 micron pores of Nuclepore filters. Application of this technique to the membranes of echinocytes formed in various ways showed that the method of preparation, not the final shape, determined deformability. Old and young red cells had equally deformable membranes. Membrane deformability was independent of the internal viscosity of cells suspended in media over the range 300-600 mOsm, while between 300 and 100 mOsm the deformability decreased. PMID- 6675723 TI - The effect of cell swelling rate on the permeability and mechanical properties of the erythrocyte membrane. AB - A theoretical C-state model based on a thermodynamic equilibrium between water and chloride ions was used to calculate the cell volume of erythrocytes in hypotonic NaCl or sucrose media from information on the intracellular concentrations of cytoplasmic compounds and the area and volume distributions of erythrocytes in an isotonic reference state. Using various assumptions regarding prelytic potassium release and the corresponding sodium influx into cells swollen to a spherical mode, theoretical curves for the total amount of potassium released and cells haemolyzed as a function of the ambient osmotic pressure were generated and compared with the experimental results. The mechanical properties of the cell membrane in NaCl media during rapid water influx do not allow the cells to reach a spherical shape without membrane damage, which makes the membrane permeable to cations and also to haemoglobin. Reduction of the swelling rate diminishes the membrane injury and increases the protective role of potassium efflux in preventing haemolysis, but the cell membrane still is injured during sphering. PMID- 6675724 TI - Inspecting the quality of drugs. PMID- 6675726 TI - Degradation kinetics of thiamine HCl in solutions subjected to sterilization by heat, in relation to the microbial decontamination kinetics. PMID- 6675725 TI - [9-Hydrazinoacridine derivatives and 9-hydrazino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridines: preparation and biological activity]. PMID- 6675727 TI - [Clinical effectiveness of difenoxine in patients with acute and chronic diarrhea]. PMID- 6675728 TI - Blood volume pulse biofeedback treatment of chronic cluster headache. AB - Behavioral interventions shown to be clinically effective in the treatment of migraine headache have generally not been employed for cluster headache. Herein, we report on the treatment of a severe case of chronic cluster headache with a common method of migraine treatment, temporal blood volume pulse (BVP) biofeedback. The patient was a 61-year-old male, medically diagnosed as suffering from chronic cluster headaches for over 20 years. Following an 18-day baseline, 14 BVP biofeedback sessions were conducted over a 7-week period. By the last 2 weeks of treatment, there was a 70% reduction in daily headache frequency and a 45% decrease in headache severity. Improvement was maintained at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 21 months follow-up. Large decreases in the consumption of migraine abortives , narcotic analgesics, and antiemetics were also observed. These encouraging results call for further evaluation of the efficacy of BVP biofeedback treatment of chronic cluster headache. PMID- 6675729 TI - Voluntary control of skin temperature: role of experimenter presence versus absence. AB - The purpose of the present experiment was to determine whether the physical presence of an experimenter affects biofeedback performance according to social facilitation predictions. A 2(experimenter: presence vs. absence) X 2(task directionality: increase vs. decrease) design was employed. It was hypothesized that the presence of an experimenter would hinder the acquiring of skin temperature control in a biofeedback task. Fifty-three subjects were randomly assigned to the four experimental conditions. The results were compatible with social facilitation predictions, i.e., experimenter presence hindered performance. PMID- 6675730 TI - A comparison of two behavioral treatments in decreasing the orofacial movement of tardive dyskinesia. AB - In a study with an elderly female subject, two behavioral treatments were evaluated in terms of their effectiveness in decreasing orofacial movement associated with tardive dyskinesia. Video feedback and discreet-discrete prompting, a self-control procedure using a portable audio signal generator, were compared by means of an alternating treatments experimental design. Video and instructional controls were included in the study. Results indicated that both procedures were effective in decreasing orofacial movement. In addition, during the concluding phase of the study, a prompting card was carried by the subject at all times as a reminder to control mouth movements on an ongoing basis. This concluding phase resulted in generalization of treatment effects to the nontreatment environment. Follow-up sessions indicated maintenance of treatment effects. PMID- 6675731 TI - The effects of instructional set on the outcome of a stress management program. AB - A multicomponent stress management program, consisting of education about stress, various sorts of relaxation training, and cognitive coping strategies, was administered under two different instructional sets: In the positive demand set the program was touted to have previously been shown to be very effective, while in the neutral demand set the program was described as experimental. The two conditions were compared to a waiting list control. Results showed higher expectations of benefit in the positive demand group. Moreover, this group rated themselves as more able to cope with stress than the other two groups. Finally, the positive demand group showed significantly greater reductions in systolic blood pressure reactivity to laboratory stress tests (mental arithmetic and cold pressor) than the other two groups. The posttest advantages seemed to be mediated by a significantly higher level of home practice in the positive demand group. PMID- 6675732 TI - Mediation of skin temperature biofeedback effects in children. AB - Three studies are reported that, in general, fail to replicate an earlier investigation by this laboratory ( Suter & Loughry - Machado , 1981) in which impressive self-regulation of skin temperature by children was obtained. Mediation of skin temperature biofeedback effects is discussed. It is concluded that biofeedback self-regulation cannot be understood independently of the interpersonal, attitudinal, and cognitive context in which it occurs. PMID- 6675734 TI - [Is nosocomial infection control useful?]. PMID- 6675736 TI - [Legionnaires' disease: Legionella pneumophila, an agent in nosocomial infection]. AB - Legionella pneumophila recently identified in 1977 as responsible for legionnaires' disease, is present in the natural environment. The discovery of the bacteria, the development of suitable complex media ( BCYE ) and of serological techniques improved the knowledge of epidemiologic features of L. pneumophila widely distributed geographically. Legionella has been frequently isolated from the aquatic environment: the organism is able to colonize the condensed water of air-conditioning systems and the water-supply system in public buildings. The presence of Legionella in hospitals constitutes a danger for immunosuppressed patients. PMID- 6675733 TI - Attention and regulation of EEG alpha-attenuation responses. AB - Two experiments with 16 normal adults of both sexes tested the hypothesis that inattention to a biofeedback display is associated with increased variability of those physiological processes that had been regulated by the biofeedback. Each experiment was a repeated-measures-on-independent-subjects-design. Dependent variables were the time durations and the mean rms power of two mutually exclusive segments of the parietal-occipital EEG: alpha and not-alpha segments. Independent variables were combination of counting tasks and instructions to look at, listen to, and count visual and auditory flashes and clicks. The durations of alpha and not-alpha segments were controlled or regulated by means of an alpha contingent visual feedback stimulus, Attention to the feedback stimulus was challenged by instructions to count other, noncontingent stimuli. Control of alpha and not-alpha segments was least for conditions of (1) "sham" feedback, and (2) feedback with instructions to count noncontingent auditory clicks, which were presented 3/sec while the feedback visual stimuli were occurring. A new EEG test of attention and distraction was suggested. PMID- 6675737 TI - [Health as felt by the subject and assessed by the physician. Methods for measurement and evaluation in a population of subjects in their sixties]. AB - The relationships between the self-assessment of general health, and that made by a physician have been repeatedly reviewed. However, little is known concerning the detailed ratings by subjects and by physicians of the functional status of the major organ systems of the body. This paper presents the use of autorating scales in such problems. Application of the technique is made on a population of elderly men of social position and income comparable to those of physicians; it is found that there is an agreement between physician and subject concerning the mean ratings given to the functional status of major organ systems. Both subjects and physician agree also in giving priority to the cardiovascular system in their assessment of the subject's general health. PMID- 6675735 TI - [Bacteriological study of hands and the use of soap in the hospital environment]. AB - Direct contact, especially by touching, is the most important route for the transmission of hospital infections. To examine this risk, we have investigated the frequency of bacteria present on the hands of the nursing staff on the long and medium stay wards of the Hospital Paul- Brousse in Villejuif. The study showed that the amount of bacteria after tending the patients before and after washing the hands with soap tablets is still far from negligible. Staphylococci were predominant both from the frequency and density of their cultures, the risks of transmitting the infection increased with the level of contamination. Although in far smaller amounts, enterobacteria were isolated, probably a sign of faecal contamination. Some of these organisms belonged to bacteria called "hospital infections", resistant to many types of antibiotics. The results point out the limitations of the present system for washing hands, in particular using soap tablets--the soap is a source of infection as it becomes soft when kept wet. Improvement could be achieved by instituting a few simple measures, such as rehabilitating mobile basin units using a scrubbing-brush, carefully drying the hands, using linen that is kept only for patients who have septic infections, issuing personal soap tablets or even better using liquid soap in disposable containers. PMID- 6675738 TI - Time-lapse cinemicrography and scanning electron microscopy of platelet formation by megakaryocytes. AB - The surface architecture of megakaryocytes undergoing platelet formation in vitro has been examined by time-lapse cinemicrography and scanning electron microscopy. Fragments of mouse bone marrow were placed in culture medium and incubated at 37 degrees C. After several hours mature megakaryocytes migrated out of the marrow and some underwent shape changes so that they eventually appeared as a relatively small central body, housing the nucleus, from which emerged a number of thin processes which resembled platelet chains. Scanning electron microscopy showed that initially the megakaryocyte surface was ruffled but with development of processes it became smoother. Circumferential folds of small amplitude were found on the surface of developing constrictions which separated putative platelets. It is thought they may be associated with the mechanism of extension, but could have a role in establishing the topography of membrane components. Rupture of the chains and release of platelets was not observed; this permits the number of putative platelets formed by individual megakaryocytes to be determined. The putative platelets exhibited features common to circulating platelets when exposed to a glass surface including the development of pseudopodia and, eventually, flattening on to the surface. PMID- 6675739 TI - Time-lapse cinemicrography and scanning electron microscopy of platelet formation by megakaryocytes: a commentary. PMID- 6675740 TI - A study of variance in measurements of tank-treading frequency in populations of normal human red cells. AB - The statistical variance in rheoscopic measurements of tank-treading frequency ( TTF ) of normal human red cells has been investigated and the sources of this variance analyzed. Experiments were designed to expose the influence of donor, the stability of a donor's cells over a 2-month period, storage time from venipuncture to testing, cell age, applied shear rate and variations in the rheoscope gap due to trial-to-trial manipulation. The results show that the TTF varies linearly with applied shear rate within the range 20 to 180 s-1 and is strongly dependent on cell age. The slope of the TTF characteristic is not significantly different in cells taken from different, but hematologically normal adults nor does it change significantly over time in a particular donor. TTF measurements may be useful in distinguishing rheologically abnormal cell populations which differ from normal cells by at least 10%. PMID- 6675741 TI - [Morphogenetic factors and mechanisms in the articulation of limbs]. AB - After excision or reorientation of a part of the tibia rudiment in the chick embryo, an articular head or a heterotopic joint may develop by regulation without direct or indirect participation of the interzonal mesenchyme. The undifferentiated cells which take part in the regulation arise from the prospective perichondrium: their proliferation, organization and incorporation are controlled by influences exerted by the adjacent parts of the skeletogenous blastema. Other experiments have been performed on the tibia rudiment in the attempt to modify the pressures exerted along the zeugopod by its growing skeleton. When the pressures are reduced, a joint can form between the distal end of the tibia and the proximal tarsal, which undergo fusion in normal development. As an effect of increased longitudinal pressures, fusion of the proximal tarsal and the proximal epiphysis of the 180 degrees inverted tibia may occur in spite of the interposition of a part of the interzonal mesenchyme of the knee. Our results stress the primary role seemingly exerted by the growing articular ends of the skeletal pieces during joint formation; under the conditions of our experiments, joint development does not seem causally related to any special morphogenetic property of the interzonal mesenchyme. In some joints, menisci, ligaments, fatty pads differentiate from parts of the interzonal mesenchyme which are apparently endowed with a special and early determination; it is still unknown, however, whether the interzonal mesenchyme also plays a more general role in all the joints. PMID- 6675742 TI - [Effects of a fixed mixture of lactate, glucose and phosphate on the survival of human spermatozoa]. AB - It is admitted that selection of human motile spermatozoa improves chances of conception by homologous artificial insemination. Effect of media constituted by different concentrations of glucose, lactate and phosphate in the maintenance of vitality and forward motility (positively correlated with penetrating capacity) was studied in human spermatozoa after washing. Lactate optimal concentrations appear necessary in the maintenance of progressive motility. The vitality is little affected in the various media. To complete this minimum medium various substances known to improve spermatozoa survival should be added. This complete media should allow to dispose of suitable spermatozoa suspensions during several days permitting many inseminations by cycle. PMID- 6675744 TI - [Morphological study of a homogenous population of teratocarcinoma cells]. AB - When an experimental teratocarcinoma was injected into the peritoneal cavity of isogenous 129/Sv mice, ascites developed and cell aggregates known as embryoid bodies were isolated from the ascitic fluid. Ficoll gradients have been used to seperate the embryoid bodies and their evolution in the peritoneal cavity has been followed by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6675743 TI - [Roos' axillary approach to the brachial plexus]. AB - An anatomic study of five cadavers, that were dissected on a level with the two shoulders, was made to explore the possibilities of the Roos ' axillary surgical approach. This surgical approach permits almost complete resection of the first rib and dissection of plexus brachialis's inferior roots. (T1, C8 and C7). PMID- 6675749 TI - [Determination of dl-methylephedrine hydrochloride and noscapine in mixed pharmaceutical preparations by high performance liquid chromatography autoanalyser system separation]. PMID- 6675745 TI - [Pancreas divisum or embryonic pancreas. Anatomical study (apropos of 16 cases)]. AB - The authors study the Pancreas divisum's rate in 242 cadavers. With two successive studies, they establish a rate of about 6.6%. They conform the sexual disparity and the presence of muscular fibre cells on a level with papilla duodeni minor. PMID- 6675748 TI - Proceedings of the World Conference of the IUAT-3 (International Union against Tuberculosis). Buenos Aires, 15-18 December 1982. PMID- 6675750 TI - [Determination of peroxide and acid values of dressings for the establishment of food standards]. PMID- 6675746 TI - [Numbering of the dorsal spinal nerve roots in man from the 12th thoracic nerve to the coccygeal nerve]. AB - A bilateral study for locating the dorsal root filaments of specific nerves was accomplished from the twelfth thoracic to the coccygeal level and this using 26 fetal and 8 adult specimens. After laminectomy from the thoracic to coccygeal levels, incision of the dural sac permitted visualisation of the dorsal root filaments, the successive rootlets corresponding to each segmental level (T12 to Co1 ) were counted with the aid of a binocular microscope where they penetrated the spinal medulla at the posterior sulcus. Statistical evaluation shows that for each dorsal nerve the average number of root filaments is greater on the right compared with the left. Numbering the dorsal nerve root filaments in the cephalo caudal direction allows to assert with 99% probability up to the L5 level and with 95% probability up to the S1 level that one is at a given spinal level of the respective segmental range; caudal-cephalic direction numbering permits to affirm with 99% probability up to the S1 level and 95% probability up to the L4 level that one is at a given spinal level of the respective segmental range. PMID- 6675747 TI - [Morphometric study of the piririform aperture]. AB - The piriform aperture or enter orifice of the nose may be too small, creating an obstacle for inspirated flow. The functional disturbance realised has been described as the "syndrome of aspiration of the nasal ala". The present study has been made on 100 skulls. We have measured the dimensions of the piriform aperture, calculated a "form index" and searched a correlation between the morphology of this aperture and the morphology of the skull. It appears that the form and the dimensions of the piriform aperture depend on the ethnic origin and not on the cranial anthropologic type. The surface of the piriform aperture can be calculated on a radiological examination. The dimensions and the form of the piriform aperture must be correlated with the morphology of the nasal pyramid. Knowledge of the dimensions of the piriform aperture is useful for diagnosis of functional rhinologic disturbances. PMID- 6675751 TI - [Effect of the SDS addition on the pH dependency of TBA value obtained from rat liver homogenate]. PMID- 6675752 TI - [Photochemical conversion of ethoxyquin in methanol]. PMID- 6675753 TI - [Biochemical values in serum of laboratory animals (VI). Variations in the data due to pretreatment and sampling volume]. PMID- 6675754 TI - [Cultivation of medicinal plants (XII). Growth, yield, quality, strains and the year of harvesting of Aconitum chinense Sieb]. PMID- 6675755 TI - [Digoxin reference standard (Control 801) of the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences]. PMID- 6675756 TI - [Cyanocobalamin reference standard (Control 821) of the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences]. PMID- 6675757 TI - [Urokinase reference standard of the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences (Control 821)]. PMID- 6675758 TI - [Determination of harmful metals in food (XI). Determination of harmful metals in baby food]. PMID- 6675759 TI - [Determination of harmful metals in food (XII). Analysis of copper, cadmium and lead in algae and shells with anodic stripping voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrometry]. PMID- 6675760 TI - [Organophosphorus pesticide residues in food contamination monitoring--in vegetables and fruits]. PMID- 6675761 TI - [Microanalysis of amphetamines II. Detection of metabolites in the body fluids of the amphetamine-treated monkeys]. PMID- 6675762 TI - [Analysis of nicarbazin by voltammetry]. PMID- 6675763 TI - [Analysis of nicarbazin residue in chicken tissue (II). Colorimetric analysis of nicarbazin]. PMID- 6675764 TI - [Mycological survey of "Tsukudani" (food boiled down in soy) for a standardization purpose]. PMID- 6675765 TI - [Acute toxicity of chemicals used in the household (I)]. PMID- 6675766 TI - [Comparative studies of various preparations of urokinase on isoelectric focusing]. PMID- 6675767 TI - [Morphine content of Japanese opium harvested during 1976-1980]. PMID- 6675768 TI - [Radio-sterilization of medical products. IX. Migration of plasticizer from the blood tubing irradiated by gamma-ray of 60-Co]. PMID- 6675769 TI - [Determination of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in aerosol products by head space gas chromatography]. PMID- 6675770 TI - [Analysis of oxidative dyes in hair dyes]. PMID- 6675771 TI - [Studies on intake of natural colors (I). Determination and presumptive intake of curcumin]. PMID- 6675772 TI - [Effect of oral administration of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate to pregnant rats on prenatal and postnatal development]. PMID- 6675773 TI - [Influence of age at start of the treatment on induction of F344 rat thymic lymphoma by N-propyl-N-nitrosourea (PNU)]. PMID- 6675774 TI - [Morphometric evaluation of nuclear size of transplantable gastric adenocarcinoma (SG2B) after antineoplastic agent administration]. PMID- 6675775 TI - [Separation behavior of ionogenic drugs at reversed phase chromatography]. PMID- 6675776 TI - [Synthesis of antitumor heterocyclic compounds]. PMID- 6675778 TI - [Assay of enzyme preparations (III). A bromelain preparation containing trypsin]. PMID- 6675777 TI - [Changes in physiochemical properties of shelved oleaginous suppository bases: the effects on indomethacin, aminopyrine and sulpyrine release rates]. PMID- 6675779 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies to human erythrocytes]. PMID- 6675780 TI - [Estimate of tetrachloroethylene exposure level during washing with a detergent containing tetrachloroethylene]. PMID- 6675781 TI - [Predisposition to postcontusion retinal detachment]. PMID- 6675782 TI - [Anatomo-clinical correlation in traumatic retinal detachment]. PMID- 6675784 TI - [Microsurgery for retinal detachment caused by perforation of the eyeball]. PMID- 6675783 TI - [Visual function disorders after operation for retinal detachment]. PMID- 6675785 TI - [Retinal detachments and injuries. Medico-legal aspects]. PMID- 6675786 TI - [Judicial considerations apropos of posttraumatic retinal detachment]. PMID- 6675787 TI - [Essential blepharopspasm and its treatment by selective facial nerve section]. PMID- 6675789 TI - [Symposium on retinal detachment and injuries (round table)]. PMID- 6675788 TI - [Traumatic retinal detachment. Conclusions]. PMID- 6675790 TI - [A case of acute esotropia]. PMID- 6675791 TI - [Measurement of cyclodeviation]. PMID- 6675792 TI - [Peripheral visual acuity in aphakia and pseudophakia]. PMID- 6675793 TI - [Laser trabeculoplasty. Preliminary note]. PMID- 6675794 TI - [Kloti's vitreotomes in anterior segment surgery]. PMID- 6675795 TI - [Traumatic retinal detachment. Introduction]. PMID- 6675796 TI - [Posttraumatic retinal detachment]. PMID- 6675797 TI - The visual system in myelin disorders. PMID- 6675798 TI - The visual system in myelin disorders. Abnormal myelination. PMID- 6675800 TI - The visual system in myelin disorders. Vascular and other factors. PMID- 6675799 TI - Mechanisms of demyelination in hereditary metabolic disorders. PMID- 6675801 TI - The visual system in myelin disorders. General neurological signs. PMID- 6675802 TI - Symptomatology of optic neuritis. PMID- 6675803 TI - Clinically pupillary signs in optic neuritis. PMID- 6675804 TI - Uveitis and perivenous sheathing. PMID- 6675805 TI - Involvement of the optic chiasm, optic tract and geniculo-calcarine visual system in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6675806 TI - Differential diagnosis of optic neuritis. PMID- 6675807 TI - Internuclear ophthalmoplegia. PMID- 6675808 TI - Nystagmus in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6675809 TI - Superior oblique myokymia in a case of hereditary metabolic neurodegenerative disease (adrenoleucodystrophy). PMID- 6675810 TI - Differential diagnosis of demyelination. PMID- 6675811 TI - The visual system in myelin disorders. Clinical chemistry and cytology (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid). PMID- 6675813 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in demyelinating disease. PMID- 6675812 TI - The visual system in myelin disorders. Imaging techniques. PMID- 6675814 TI - The visual system in myelin disorders. Human and animal myelin disorders: neurophysiological diagnostic methods. PMID- 6675815 TI - The use of tears for diagnosis of some demyelinating disorders. PMID- 6675816 TI - Conjunctival biopsy. PMID- 6675817 TI - Visual psychophysical tests in demyelinating disease. PMID- 6675818 TI - Visual evoked potentials. PMID- 6675819 TI - The visual system in myelin disorders. The retinal electrical potentials. PMID- 6675820 TI - Eye movements recording. PMID- 6675821 TI - The visual system in myelin disorders. Electromyography (EMG). PMID- 6675823 TI - Hereditary metabolic myelin diseases in humans. PMID- 6675824 TI - Leukodystrophies in animals. PMID- 6675826 TI - The visual system in myelin disorders. Histopathological techniques. PMID- 6675825 TI - Ophthalmological features of some human hereditary disorders with demyelination. PMID- 6675822 TI - Neuropathological diagnostic methods. PMID- 6675827 TI - Inflammatory demyelinating disorders in humans. PMID- 6675828 TI - Ophthalmological features of inflammatory demyelinating disorders. PMID- 6675829 TI - Toxic metabolic disorders of myelin --ophthalmological features. PMID- 6675830 TI - Nutritional disorders: ophthalmological aspects. PMID- 6675831 TI - Neurophysiological methods of examination of myelin. PMID- 6675832 TI - Secondary demyelination. PMID- 6675833 TI - White matter myelinolysis after head injuries. PMID- 6675834 TI - White matter myelinolysis after brain edema. PMID- 6675835 TI - Ophthalmologic features of secondary demyelination. PMID- 6675836 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 6675837 TI - Hereditary metabolic disorders. PMID- 6675838 TI - The visual system in myelin disorders. Morphology. PMID- 6675839 TI - The maturation of myelin. PMID- 6675840 TI - Physiology of myelin. PMID- 6675841 TI - The visual system in myelin disorders. Biochemistry: chemical composition and molecular organisation. PMID- 6675842 TI - The visual system in myelin disorders. Enzymology, metabolism and turnover. PMID- 6675843 TI - [The beginning of activity in health occupations: the case of doctors]. PMID- 6675845 TI - [Arbovirus antibody survey of human sera in China]. PMID- 6675844 TI - [The vector of scrub typhus in winter in Fujian Province]. PMID- 6675846 TI - [Investigation on the level of antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus in children in Nanning City]. PMID- 6675847 TI - [A survey on infection rate of Japanese encephalitis virus in Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Beijing area]. PMID- 6675848 TI - [An outbreak of acute infective polyneuritis associated with the contamination of the water supply in Huhehaote]. PMID- 6675849 TI - [Epidemiological investigation on an outbreak of epidemic adult diarrhea in a coal mine area of Jinzhou]. PMID- 6675850 TI - [Recent studies on the epidemiology of enterocolitis due to rotaviruses in infants and children]. PMID- 6675851 TI - [Study on infection of hepatitis B from mother to baby]. PMID- 6675852 TI - [Neutralizing activity of HBsAg-positive sera with different titers]. PMID- 6675853 TI - [Observation on dynamics of 131 cases of HBsAg carriers]. PMID- 6675855 TI - [Specific and nonspecific infection of hepatitis B among population in town center of Lipu County of Guangxi autonomous region]. PMID- 6675854 TI - [Identification of the e-system and subtypes in 607 cases of HBsAg carriers]. PMID- 6675856 TI - [Preliminary study on preparation of the immune sera against lipid A of Brucella endotoxin]. PMID- 6675857 TI - [Phage typing of Salmonella typhi isolated from 12 provinces of China]. PMID- 6675858 TI - [Evaluation of hydrogen peroxide for its efficacy in disinfection]. PMID- 6675860 TI - [A simple micromethod of Widal's reaction]. PMID- 6675859 TI - [Microagglutination with Rickettsia of Q fever]. PMID- 6675861 TI - [Observation on serotype distribution and survival of Shigella in Mauritania]. PMID- 6675862 TI - [Verification of proposal for evaluation of prophylactic vaccination]. PMID- 6675863 TI - [Pathogenesis of Bacillus thuringiensis Var. israelensis in killing larva of mosquitoes and its application]. PMID- 6675864 TI - [Recent information on rat activities and the strategy for their control]. PMID- 6675865 TI - The Gavin Livingstone Memorial Lecture. The enigma of the infant larynx. PMID- 6675866 TI - The clinical picture of benign lympho-epithelial lesion. AB - The histopathological diagnosis 'benign lympho-epithelial lesion' characterizes the major salivary gland disease in Sjogren's syndrome. It is not known if all cases with microscopically diagnosed benign lympho-epithelial lesion are variants of Sjogren's syndrome. The present clinical investigation showed that in 19 patients with the microscopical diagnosis of lympho-epithelial lesion, 84% fulfilled all criteria of Sjogren's syndrome. The rheumatoid factor and/or antinuclear factor was found in 84% and M-component was present in 16%. Sialography revealed sialectasis in all parotid glands. Salivary gland enlargement was found in 79%, and keratoconjunctivitis sicca in 89% of the patients. Systemic disease was found in 32%. The disease in the 2 patients with M component took a malignant course, culminating in immunoblastic sarcoma and myelomatosis. The clinical diagnosis 'autoimmune sialadenitis' is proposed for the oral and salivary gland component is Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 6675867 TI - Tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy: present status. AB - There are many problem areas in tympanoplasty surgery. For the most part the extent of the problems relates directly to how vigorously one pursues a good functional result: the harder the surgeon tries, the more problems he may have. There are also many controversial areas in tympanoplasty, most of which relate to technique. In regard to tympanic membrane grafting and management of the sound pressure transfer mechanism, how well the surgeon performs the operation is far more important than which of the variety of techniques he uses. In relation to obtaining an air-containing mucous membrane-lined middle ear space and the management of the mastoid, there are many philosophical and emotional factors. There are many ways to manage the mastoid in cholesteatoma surgery, all of which can be successful if properly performed. We use all procedures but prefer the intact canal wall technique. The major advantage of the intact canal wall procedure is that the surgeon may avoid a post-operative mastoid cavity. The main disadvantages of this technique are the problems of recurrent and residual cholesteatoma, problems that necessitate a two-stage procedure in the majority of patients. PMID- 6675868 TI - A comparison of transtympanic and ear canal recorded electrocochleography in clinical practice. AB - Electrocochleograms were recorded in a routine clinic on 21 patients by the transtympanic method and from a surface electrode in the ear canal. This was to determine whether a non-invasive technique would give the same clinical information as the normal transtympanic technique. Taking the transtympanic technique as the standard for comparison, the ear canal technique produced a significant number of errors in compound action potential threshold and width. The summating potential/compound action potential ratio could only be measured in just over half the ear canal recordings compared with the transtympanic recordings. From these results and a retrospective study of the notes looking at the effect of electrocochleography on diagnosis and management, it was concluded that the ear canal technique was not a substitute for transtympanic electrocochleography where the use of an invasive technique is justified. PMID- 6675869 TI - Diagnostic and treatment considerations in depressed dialysis patients. AB - Depressive symptoms are common in a dialysis population. These symptoms are only infrequently part of a major depressive illness, however, and are more usually related to adjustment disorders associated with the onset of chronic dialysis treatment, or medical complications of end stage renal disease. A substantial proportion of depressive symptoms are also related to problems in living not directly associated with renal failure. Psychotherapeutic support helps the majority of patients with depressive symptomatology. Nurse-patient and physician patient relationships are potentially powerful factors influencing patient adjustment to dialysis. PMID- 6675870 TI - Sexual dysfunctions of hemodialysis patients. AB - Our knowledge of the sexual dysfunctions of patients with renal failure is in a relatively early phase. We have only recently proceeded to know what are some of their sexual dysfunctions. A good deal of the answers while lie ahead must be in the field of renal endocrinology which still is in its earliest phases. The little that we know is largely restricted to the male and the dysfunctions of females, in many cases much can be done to improve this important aspect of life. PMID- 6675871 TI - The study of sexual dysfunction in uremic males: problems for patients and investigators. AB - Sexual dysfunction is a common complication of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). This paper discusses the shortcomings of research efforts in this area and presents an overview of our research. PMID- 6675872 TI - A CAPD patient group on sexuality--a critical view. AB - This article describes the experience with a social work group on sexuality and analyzes the results critically. Patient groups have been widely described in the social work literature. For ESRD patients the group approach has been found to be particularly useful and the patient's ability to help each other with the many problems in dealing with psychological, social and economic life changes has been valued. The issue of sexuality in ESRD patients has also been frequently discussed although no references have been made to groups on sexuality. PMID- 6675873 TI - Treatment decisions for patients and end-stage renal disease: psychological considerations. AB - Consideration of psychological factors can lead to more informed treatment decisions and more successful medical management of patients with end-stage renal disease. Several criteria are specified as a useful guide. The psychological issues of dependence-independence, activity-passivity, and control and mastery are frequently referred to in the literature as being important in understanding the chronic stress of illness and treatment. Treatment planning should be tailored, if possible, to the psychological needs of the patient, the family and the staff. The process of adaptation to chronic dialysis and kidney transplantation are discussed. Several clinical vignettes are presented to illustrate the importance of psychological considerations in making "good fit" between patient and treatment modality. PMID- 6675874 TI - The liaison psychiatrist and the outpatient hemodialysis unit. Part I: Reliability and validity of staff assessments of patient compliance on a hemodialysis unit. AB - The use of staff ratings as an outcome measure in adaptation to hemodialysis studies is discussed, and the absence of reliability or validity of such ratings is emphasized. Staff ratings for global impressions of patient compliance are collected in an outpatient hemodialysis unit, inter-rater reliability is calculated, and the rating averages are correlated with three biological markers. A high degree of exact inter-rater agreement is found and correlation of ratings with inter-dialysis weight gain, mean BUN, and mean K are determined. PMID- 6675875 TI - The liaison psychiatrist and the outpatient hemodialysis unit. Part II: Clinical psychiatric-liaison issues. AB - A brief review of the literature is presented followed by a discussion of three main groups of liaison problems on a dialysis service: patient non-compliance, inter-staff disputes, and patient-staff emotional involvements. Clinical vignettes are used to illustrate the discussion and suggested guidelines for intervention are offered . Basic principles underlying a "liaison stance" are outlined. PMID- 6675876 TI - Social support as a mediator of psychological dysfunctioning and a determinant of renal failure outcomes. PMID- 6675877 TI - Psychiatric work with the medical staff of dialysis units. AB - The issue of psychiatric work with the medical staff has been reviewed from two points of view: a) There is some evidence that the medical staff is in psychological distress. Psychological help for the staff per se, however, is not recommended. b) There is quite a lot of evidence that staff attitudes/reactions influence the condition and adjustment of patients. It is very highly recommended to establish group work aimed at changing some staff attitudes, and by that improve patients' adjustment. PMID- 6675878 TI - [Clinicopathological study on the structures related to eye movement in the brain stem and cerebellum in cases of spinocerebellar degeneration]. PMID- 6675879 TI - [Effect of L-dopa on clinical duration and quality of life of patients with Parkinsonism-dementia in Guam]. PMID- 6675880 TI - [Acute-onset amnestic syndrome due to unilateral paramedian thalamic infarct on the dominant side]. PMID- 6675882 TI - [Case of suprascapular nerve palsy manifesting as selective atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle in an archery player]. PMID- 6675881 TI - [Membranous lipodystrophy (Nasu) among three siblings--with special reference to cerebral CT findings]. PMID- 6675883 TI - [Frequency response analysis of oculomotor function--spinocerebellar degeneration]. PMID- 6675884 TI - [Cytosine arabinoside-induced cerebellar ataxia model. (2). Roles of the 5 hydroxyindole compounds in the developmental cerebellum]. PMID- 6675885 TI - The Coronary Drug Project: methods and lessons of a multicenter clinical trial. Coronary Drug Project Research Group. PMID- 6675887 TI - The Coronary Drug Project. Experimental design features. PMID- 6675886 TI - Evolution and funding of the Coronary Drug Project. AB - The evolution of the CDP from its origin in 1960 to its completion in 1975 has been recounted. The inextricable interrelationships of the scientific planning and conduct of this trial with the budgetary considerations and uncertainties as it proceeded are described to illustrate some of the dynamic forces that determine whether or not such large-scale trails can be brought to successful completion. A clear message from this experience is that a long-term clinical trial needs full advance scientific and administrative discussion and an understand of the resources required to bring it to its completion. Continuing scientific and administrative commitment are also essential to assure that the needed resources are provided over the course of the trial. The experience gained in this long-term clinical trial involving 53 clinics, a Coordinating Center, Central Laboratory, ECG Reading Center, and Drug Procurement and Distribution Center has provided a basic model for the new generation of clinical trials that have since been undertaken by the NHLBI. PMID- 6675888 TI - The Coronary Drug Project. Organizational structure of the study. PMID- 6675889 TI - The Coronary Drug Project. Role of the National Institutes of Health. AB - A clinical trials staff within an Institute is essential for adequate participation in and monitoring of any large cooperative clinical trial supported by that Institute. At minimum such a staff should consist of a medical scientist with professional interests and experience in clinical trials methodology; a biometrician with direct experience and interest in the design, large-scale data collection, data analysis, and quality control needs of such trials; a contract specialist; and additional consultants in the technical areas related to the clinical disease or intervention study, such as pharmacology, laboratory operations, computer science, or other areas. The continuity of professional development and experience of such a staff is essential to expand the capabilities for participation and advancement of this rapidly developing science of the design, organization, and conduct of cooperative clinical trials. PMID- 6675890 TI - The Coronary Drug Project. Role and methods of the Coordinating Center. PMID- 6675891 TI - The Coronary Drug Project. Role and methods of the ECG Reading Center. PMID- 6675892 TI - The Coronary Drug Project. Role and methods of the Drug Procurement and Distribution Center. PMID- 6675893 TI - The Coronary Drug Project. Role and methods of the clinical centers. PMID- 6675894 TI - The Coronary Drug Project. Design of data forms. PMID- 6675895 TI - The Coronary Drug Project. External quality control programs. PMID- 6675896 TI - The Coronary Drug Project. Monitoring of the data for evidence of adverse or beneficial treatment effects. PMID- 6675897 TI - The Coronary Drug Project. Further aspects of data analysis. PMID- 6675898 TI - The Coronary Drug Project. Closing down the study. PMID- 6675899 TI - Impact of the Coronary Drug Project findings on clinical practice. PMID- 6675900 TI - Isolation, serotyping and drug resistance of salmonellae in scouring pigs in Taiwan. AB - The incidence of salmonellae in scouring pigs (from 6 to 16 weeks of age) in Taiwan was investigated by means of rectal swab survey and a study of necropsy pigs. The rectal swab survey revealed salmonellae in 62 (9.5%) of 655 scouring feeder pigs. Salmonellae isolates belonged to 10 different serotypes. Of these, S. typhimurium was the serotype most frequently isolated (41.5%) and the second one was S. panama (10.8). Of 69 samples of internal organs from the feeder pigs died of scouring and septicemia examined, 33 (47.8%) yielded salmonellae which belonged to 6 different serotypes. Of these, S. choleraesuis was the most common serotype (42.4%) and S. typhimurium appeared to be the second (36.4%). However, salmonellae were not isolated from the rectal swabs of suckling pigs and the sows nursing those baby pigs. Of 98 salmonellae isolates examined for drug susceptibility, 94 (95.5%) were resistant to two or more drugs, and 50 (53.2%) were resistant to more than five drugs. The percentage of isolates (all serotypes) resistant to the individual drugs was as follows: 95.9% to sulfathiazole (1.0 mg), 89.8% to tetracycline (30 ug), 76.5% to streptomycin (10 ug), 56.1% to kanamycin (30 ug), 53.1% to chloramphenicol (30 ug), and 45.9% to ampicillin (10 ug). However, all of the salmonellae isolates were sensitive to colistin, gentamicin and nalidixic acid. Results pertaining to the resistance of S. typhimurium and other serotypes to the six individual drugs are given separately. PMID- 6675901 TI - Cryptosporidiosis in domestic birds. AB - From March to June 1982, three cases of avian cryptosporidiosis were encountered in chickens, ducklings, and canaries. The bursa of Fabricius of chickens and ducklings were the main target organs and the agents were found to attach the microvillus border of the plical epithelium. In canaries, the parasites adhered to the microvillus border of mucosal epithelium of the proventriculus. Diagnoses were based on the microscopic pathology, the morphology of the parasites, and the type of attachment to epithelium. This represents the first authenticated evidence of cryptosporidial infection in Taiwan. PMID- 6675902 TI - A new method for preparing Formvar-C supporting film for the examination of viruses with electron microscope. PMID- 6675903 TI - [Incidence of spinal injuries in different seasons of the year]. PMID- 6675904 TI - [Results of surgical treatment combined with administration of decaris in patients with chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 6675905 TI - [Total alloplasty of the hip joint using Mittelmeier's endoprosthesis without cement]. PMID- 6675906 TI - [Further remarks on hip endoprosthesis by Wagner's method]. PMID- 6675907 TI - [Clinical picture of patellar chondromalacia in our cases]. PMID- 6675908 TI - [Synovectomy in chronic diseases of the knee joint]. PMID- 6675909 TI - [Radiological picture of the knee joint after synovectomy]. PMID- 6675911 TI - [Our method of surgical treatment of spastic flatfoot in adolescents and adults]. PMID- 6675910 TI - [Healing of bone defects after using the preparation "collapat"]. PMID- 6675912 TI - [Fracture of the sternum]. PMID- 6675913 TI - [Case of chronic brucellosis of the hand]. PMID- 6675914 TI - [Evaluation of fetal heart rate monitoring in association with fetal scalp blood analysis in the diagnosis of fetal distress]. PMID- 6675915 TI - [Fetal monitoring during labor by analysis of fetal scalp blood gas]. PMID- 6675916 TI - [Blood gas analysis of maternal and fetal blood samples during labor]. PMID- 6675917 TI - [Clinical evaluation of antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring and its combined test]. PMID- 6675918 TI - [Fetal distress as an indication of cesarean section]. PMID- 6675919 TI - [Ultrastructural study of placenta in pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 6675920 TI - [Glucose tolerance test in normal pregnancy]. PMID- 6675921 TI - [Flap method in the repair of urinary fistula--an analysis of 29 cases]. PMID- 6675923 TI - [A preliminary report on serum sialic acid determination in the diagnosis of gynecological malignancy]. PMID- 6675922 TI - [Serum lipid-bound sialic acid assay for detection of ovarian neoplasm]. PMID- 6675924 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in endometrium of women with stainless steel IUD]. PMID- 6675926 TI - [Clinical observation on 341 patients with arrhythmia treated with amiodarone]. PMID- 6675925 TI - [Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6675927 TI - [A-V nodal dual pathways and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 6675928 TI - [The gap phenomenon of A-V conduction: electrophysiological study and report of 7 cases]. PMID- 6675929 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the liver of asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers]. PMID- 6675930 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical and pathologic changes in 15 postmortem patients]. PMID- 6675931 TI - [Sjogren syndrome complicated by periodic paralysis: a report of 5 cases]. PMID- 6675932 TI - [Clinical analysis of granulocyte CFU-C in 59 blood disorder patients]. PMID- 6675933 TI - [A preliminary study on serum growth hormone concentration in diabetics]. PMID- 6675934 TI - [Advances in diagnosis and treatment of secondary hypertension]. PMID- 6675935 TI - [Hemorrhage and thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients]. PMID- 6675936 TI - [Electrocardiographic manifestation of primary dilated cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6675938 TI - [The value of serum myoglobin in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and its extension]. PMID- 6675937 TI - [Clinical and pathologic analysis of 53 cases of sudden death]. PMID- 6675939 TI - [Effect of cold upon chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. PMID- 6675940 TI - [Determination of zinc content in blood, liver tissue, urine and hair of patients with chronic liver diseases and its clinical significance]. PMID- 6675941 TI - [Clinical observations on 22 cases of idiopathic jaundice of pregnancy]. PMID- 6675942 TI - [Relationship between hemoglobin concentration and red cell count of the immigrants in Tibet]. PMID- 6675943 TI - [Treatment of adult toxic shock]. PMID- 6675944 TI - [Microsurgical removal of acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 6675945 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of 72 cases of huge acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 6675946 TI - [Analysis of postoperative death in 70 cases of acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 6675947 TI - [Clinical analysis of 602 cases of acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 6675948 TI - [Report of 42 cases of cerebellar abscess]. PMID- 6675949 TI - [A preliminary study on evoked potentials of the brain in schizophrenia]. PMID- 6675950 TI - [Dermatoglyphic examination of 200 cases of schizophrenia]. PMID- 6675951 TI - [Application of cerebrospinal fluid lactic dehydrogenase and its isoenzyme analysis in infection of central nervous system]. PMID- 6675952 TI - [Clinical significance of examination of the oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders]. PMID- 6675953 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulation of the cerebrospinal fluid in patient with sporadic encephalitis]. PMID- 6675954 TI - [Etiological study on two acute cases of sporadic viral encephalitis]. PMID- 6675955 TI - [Clinical and pathological analysis of 10 cases of concentric sclerosis]. PMID- 6675956 TI - [Electroencephalographic changes in sporadic encephalitis--analysis of 160 cases]. PMID- 6675957 TI - [Analysis of the cases misdiagnosed as sporadic encephalitis]. PMID- 6675958 TI - [Differential diagnosis of psychotic type of non-specific encephalitis--analysis of 100 cases]. PMID- 6675960 TI - [Virological diagnosis of sporadic encephalitis]. PMID- 6675959 TI - [Tetramisole-induced encephalitic syndrome]. PMID- 6675961 TI - [An experimental study on toxicity of nitrate in rats]. PMID- 6675962 TI - [Mathematical models for relationship between the height of a desk and chair and reading and writing postures]. PMID- 6675963 TI - [The relationship between certain endemic diseases and geographical environment]. PMID- 6675964 TI - [Experimental study on the effect of local vibration in rabbits]. PMID- 6675965 TI - [A method of dissecting mixed samples for estimating the normal value in medicine]. PMID- 6675966 TI - [Campylobacter jejunum isolated from defeathered chickens]. PMID- 6675967 TI - [Isolation of a new serotype of Leptospira from Bombina orientalis (Boulenger)]. PMID- 6675968 TI - [Hair zinc values of adolescents at different levels of physical growth and development]. PMID- 6675969 TI - [Statistical test between two constituent ratios in the same group]. PMID- 6675970 TI - [Three field trials of rat control in special situations]. PMID- 6675971 TI - [The preventive function of the factory health station]. PMID- 6675972 TI - [Isolation of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus from raw milk]. PMID- 6675973 TI - [Investigation on the level of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin in a microsample of healthy people in the Shanghai area]. PMID- 6675974 TI - [Colorimetric determination of nitrates and nitrites and nitrites in drinking water, food and biological samples]. PMID- 6675975 TI - [Microammetric determination of trace iodine in water]. PMID- 6675977 TI - [Normality test and procedure for calculating skewness and kurtosis]. PMID- 6675976 TI - [Clinical and epidemiologic analysis of botulism]. PMID- 6675978 TI - [Monitoring indices of biological effect of lead exposure--free erythrocyte protoporphyrin(FEP)]. PMID- 6675979 TI - [Comparison of adsorption methods for concentrating mutagens in drinking water]. PMID- 6675980 TI - [A report of staphylococcal food poisoning caused by enterotoxin types A and B]. PMID- 6675981 TI - [Studies on the prolongation of mosquito larvicidal effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis]. PMID- 6675982 TI - [Testing method of rank data in the design of paired comparison]. PMID- 6675983 TI - [Investigation on the urinary catecholamine of workers in benzene, toluene and xylene plants]. PMID- 6675984 TI - [Migration and reinfectivity of Ancylostoma duodenale larva in experimentally infected Meriones unguiculatus]. PMID- 6675985 TI - [Distribution of serotypes of Leptospira in the southeast region of Guizhou Province]. PMID- 6675986 TI - [Investigation on an outbreak of Salmonella arizonae food poisoning]. PMID- 6675987 TI - [Experiences in treatment of severe compound fractures of extremities]. PMID- 6675988 TI - [Clinical observation on the effect of stimulin on fracture healing]. PMID- 6675989 TI - [Repair of the cruciate ligaments of the knee]. PMID- 6675990 TI - [Treatment of trochanteric fractures of the femur with Ender's nailing]. PMID- 6675991 TI - [Formation and the role of cartilages in fracture healing]. PMID- 6675992 TI - [Histology and mechanics of healing of lumbar vertebral compression fracture: an experimental study]. PMID- 6675993 TI - [An anatomical study on pedicled skin flaps in intermuscular spaces]. PMID- 6675994 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic study on inflamed mucosal epithelium of the gallbladder]. PMID- 6675995 TI - [Investigation on the etiology of postoperative reflux gastritis]. PMID- 6675996 TI - [Changes in serum zinc and copper concentrations after operative trauma]. PMID- 6675997 TI - [Early diagnosis and treatment of brain abscess]. PMID- 6675998 TI - [Subclavian steal syndrome]. PMID- 6675999 TI - [Treatment of internal carotid-cavernous sinus fistula with a "flying kite"]. PMID- 6676000 TI - [Surgical treatment of primary tumor of the sternum]. PMID- 6676001 TI - [Post-inflammatory pseudo-tumors of the lung and mediastinum]. PMID- 6676002 TI - [Hydatid cyst of the heart: report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6676003 TI - [The relationship between phosphate and formation of oxalate urinary calculi]. PMID- 6676005 TI - [Progress in the treatment of femoral fractures]. PMID- 6676004 TI - [Localization of normal renal pelvis and ureter in plain abdominal film]. PMID- 6676006 TI - [Free vascularized metatarsophalangeal joint transfer for the reconstruction of metacarpophalangeal joint]. PMID- 6676007 TI - [Autogenous free nerve transplantation with interfascicular anastomosis for missile injuries of peripheral nerves]. PMID- 6676008 TI - [Replantation of amputated finger phalangettes with vascular anastomosis]. PMID- 6676009 TI - [Successful replantation of amputated fingers in children: report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6676010 TI - [Free transplantation of iliac bone with anastomosis of the superior gluteal vessels]. PMID- 6676011 TI - [Omentum regeneration after resection: an experimental observation on rabbits]. PMID- 6676012 TI - [Microvascular anastomosis using a new method of "intussusception" in rats]. PMID- 6676013 TI - [Serum pseudocholinesterase activity during intravenous procaine anesthesia]. PMID- 6676014 TI - [An improved surgical method for familial adenomatosis of colorectum]. PMID- 6676015 TI - [Vascular malformations of the duodenum, small intestine and colon]. PMID- 6676016 TI - [Ultrasonically guided percutaneous fine needle biopsy in the diagnosis of abdominal tumors]. PMID- 6676017 TI - [Mucinous cystic adenoma and mucinous cystic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas- report of 4 cases]. PMID- 6676018 TI - [Clinical experience in 17 cases of bronchoplasty]. PMID- 6676021 TI - [Multiple organ failure]. PMID- 6676020 TI - [Radial nerve injury complicating Monteggia's fracture]. PMID- 6676022 TI - [Intimal hyperplasia in aorta adjacent to small diameter Gore-Tex graft in monkey and its reduction by antiplatelet therapy]. PMID- 6676019 TI - [Clinical application of high sodium dialysis: report of 6 cases]. PMID- 6676023 TI - [Experimental observations on restoring adequate blood inflow to supply tissue cells of ischemic lower extremities]. PMID- 6676025 TI - [Evaluation of reliability of urinary creatinine excretion, cell mediated immune function and plasma amino acid in nutritional assessment of surgical patients]. PMID- 6676024 TI - [Metabolic effects of crystalloids and colloids in resuscitation of experimental hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 6676026 TI - [Portacaval shunt associated with arterialization of portal vein: an experimental study in cirrhotic rats]. PMID- 6676027 TI - [End-to-end deep-intussuscepted esophagogastrostomy: an experimental study]. PMID- 6676028 TI - [Investigation and modification of low anterior resection for carcinoma of rectum]. PMID- 6676029 TI - [Choledochoplasty using autogenous graft: an experimental study and clinical observation]. PMID- 6676030 TI - [Gastric schistosomiasis: report of 10 cases]. PMID- 6676031 TI - [Analysis of 30 cases of blast injury]. PMID- 6676033 TI - [Composite skin and cartilage free grafts from the ear for repair of partial nasal defects]. PMID- 6676032 TI - [Clinical application of medial skin flap of leg--analysis of 9 cases]. PMID- 6676034 TI - [Centripetal compression triple arthrodesis for treatment of foot deformity]. PMID- 6676035 TI - [Surgical treatment of poliomyelitic paralysis of gluteus maximus muscle]. PMID- 6676036 TI - [Surgical treatment of pelvic inclination]. PMID- 6676037 TI - [Total removal of acoustic tumor with preservation of facial and acoustic nerves]. PMID- 6676038 TI - [Unusual complications after resection of carcinoma of esophagus and gastric cardia]. PMID- 6676039 TI - [Urolithiasis in inpatients of Guizhou Province]. PMID- 6676040 TI - [Clinical analysis of misdiagnosed urolithiasis]. PMID- 6676041 TI - [Percutaneous trephination with spinal needle for ventriculocentesis]. PMID- 6676042 TI - [ABO(H) cell surface antigens in carcinoma of urinary bladder: its correlation with grade, stage and clinical course]. PMID- 6676043 TI - [Primary aldosteronism: a comparison between adenoma and hyperplasia]. PMID- 6676044 TI - [Adrenal allograft for Addison's disease: preliminary report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6676045 TI - [Angiomyolipoma of the kidney: report of 6 cases]. PMID- 6676046 TI - [The extrarenal manifestation of renal cell carcinoma]. PMID- 6676048 TI - [Anatomical basis for partial splenectomy]. PMID- 6676047 TI - [Plasma amino acid patterns in 42 normal Chinese]. PMID- 6676049 TI - [Effect of scopolamine on hemorheology in experimental burn of rabbit]. PMID- 6676050 TI - [Application of digital color density slicing technic in CT scan of the head]. PMID- 6676051 TI - [Application of a NiTi shape-memory alloy in double-cup prosthesis of hip]. PMID- 6676052 TI - [Observations on sagittal diameter of cervical vertebral canal in adult Chinese]. PMID- 6676053 TI - [Epidural para-neurodokon block via inter-vertebral foramen route for acute sciatica]. PMID- 6676054 TI - [Congenital anomaly of the craniovertebral junction associated with chronic atlanto-axial dislocation]. PMID- 6676055 TI - [Repair of burn scar contractures: report of 686 cases]. PMID- 6676056 TI - [Esophageal fistula secondary to pulmonary resection: report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6676057 TI - [Traumatic posterior fossa hematoma]. PMID- 6676058 TI - [Liposarcoma: report of 33 cases]. PMID- 6676059 TI - [Hemofiltration: report of 9 cases]. PMID- 6676060 TI - [A clinical analysis of 42 cases of adult respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 6676061 TI - [A clinical analysis of 33 cases of adult respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 6676062 TI - [Adult respiratory distress syndrome: clinical and etiological analysis of 13 cases]. PMID- 6676063 TI - [Indication of thoracoplasty after pneumonectomy for pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6676064 TI - [Value of serum IgE anti-mite antibody (IgEAM) and IgG anti-mite blocking antibody (IgGAM) estimation in monitoring the treatment of allergic asthma]. PMID- 6676065 TI - [Renal compensatory range in chronic hypercapnia]. PMID- 6676066 TI - [Misdiagnosis of 35 cases of unilateral congenital bronchopulmonary cyst]. PMID- 6676067 TI - [Pulmonary alveolar echinococcus disease]. PMID- 6676068 TI - [Diagnosis of ruptured pulmonary hydatid cysts: analysis of 24 cases]. PMID- 6676069 TI - [Evaluation of several measurements of forced expiratory flow rates]. PMID- 6676070 TI - [Comparative study on the area on the right side of the maximal expiratory flow volume curve and V50 or V25]. PMID- 6676071 TI - [Estimation of small airway function in healthy children]. PMID- 6676072 TI - [Evaluation and clinical application of lung biopsy]. PMID- 6676073 TI - [Vaccination in pneumococcal and pseudomonas infections]. PMID- 6676074 TI - Concretions in renal basement membranes. AB - A study of 196 renal biopsies was carried out by electron microscopy. In 78 cases concretions were detected, which x-ray microanalysis (EDAX) proved to be calcium phosphate deposits. Concretions always occurred in damaged basement membranes, especially in the basement membranes of Bowman's capsules and of proximal convoluted tubules. They were frequently also found in sclerotic foci. Both nephrotic syndrome (through hypercholesterolaemia) and progressive sclerotic processes seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of concretion formation. Concretions are considered to represent early dystrophic calcification. PMID- 6676076 TI - A prognostic index based on the mean nuclear area of breast cancer cells and efferent vascular invasion in the axillary nodes. AB - Statistical evaluation of the prognostic impact of different variants of the mean nuclear area (MNA) of tumour cells in breast carcinoma was used to find an optimal combination for use in conjunction with the absence/presence of tumour cells in the efferent vessels of the axillary nodes (EVI). This model gives an estimate of the relative prognostic impact of the different variables and their reliability. Combination of EVI with MNA of the primary tumour gave the optimal prediction of disease outcome; 81 per cent correct prediction before 60 months, falling to 73 per cent by 98 months after the operation. PMID- 6676075 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a pathological, clinical and aetiological analysis of 87 cases. AB - Analysis of 87 cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis ( XPN ) from 1958 to 1983 (14 males, 73 females, ages 13-85) revealed an incidence of 1.4 cases/100 000 population per annum which is apparently increasing. Clinical, radiological and pathological investigations demonstrated universal urinary obstruction (77.5 per cent calculi, 17.5 per cent pelviureteric junction obstruction) and pathogenic organisms such as E. coli or Proteus were cultured from the urine in 72 per cent of cases. Rare complications included sinuses or fistulae to bowel. We believe that the combination of urinary obstruction and infection by organisms of low virulence initiate XPN , and that associated lipid is derived from renal pelvic adipose tissue. Problems of differential diagnosis are discussed in relation to the use of immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. PMID- 6676077 TI - The prevalence and prognostic significance of trophoblastic proteins in testicular teratoma. AB - Testicular neoplasms incorporating trophoblastic tumour can contain HCG, SPI and PP5 and have a bad prognosis. These placental proteins also may be localized immunocytochemically in other germ cell tumours in isolated cells which morphologically resemble those in the syncytial layer of trophoblastic tumour, but the prognostic significance of these syncytial giant cells is not established. In sections from 89 malignant teratoma intermediate tumours of pathological stage P1 syncytial giant cells containing HCG were observed in 66 per cent, PP5 in 47 per cent and SPI in 46 per cent. No correlation was observed between the presence of cells staining for each protein and survival at 4 years. Immunocytochemical localization of these proteins in this group of tumours is not a necessary part of a diagnostic service. PMID- 6676078 TI - [Establishment of human pulmonary giant cell carcinoma cell line (PLA-801) and observations of its biologic properties]. PMID- 6676079 TI - [Diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer by fiberoptic bronchoscope and lung biopsy]. PMID- 6676080 TI - [The distribution characteristics of different pathologic types of lung cancer in the urban area of Shanghai--an analysis of 2,740 cases]. PMID- 6676081 TI - [Occult carcinoma of the thyroid gland--a clinicopathologic study of 13 cases]. PMID- 6676083 TI - [Fiberendoscopy of the esophageal carcinoma--analysis of 985 cases]. PMID- 6676082 TI - [Treatment of leukopenia with ethylestrenol in patients with malignant tumors--a clinical study of 100 cases]. PMID- 6676084 TI - [Radiotherapy of hypopharyngeal carcinoma--analysis of 52 cases]. PMID- 6676085 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of primary solid tumor of the mesentery--analysis of 61 cases]. PMID- 6676086 TI - [Treatment of carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract--clinical study of 25 cases]. PMID- 6676087 TI - [Rhabdomyosarcoma--report of 113 cases]. PMID- 6676089 TI - [Clinical dosimetry in radiotherapy--basic radiation dosage]. PMID- 6676088 TI - [A huge myelolipoma of adrenal gland--a case report]. PMID- 6676090 TI - [Cuneate board radiation technic in cancer radiotherapy]. PMID- 6676091 TI - Poisons information and treatment. PMID- 6676092 TI - Psychiatric illness in Kenyan children with mental handicap. PMID- 6676093 TI - Experience with pindolol in African hypertensives. PMID- 6676094 TI - Fractures of the humerus. PMID- 6676095 TI - Correction of unocular aphakia. PMID- 6676096 TI - Man-made dams acting as sources of bilharziasis in Onganga village, Kanyaluo Location, South Nyanza. PMID- 6676097 TI - Blood pressure in nomadic Turkana pastoralists. PMID- 6676098 TI - Amoebic colonic perforation: case report and review of literature. PMID- 6676099 TI - Practical therapeutic occupational health in Kenya. PMID- 6676100 TI - [Semeiology of anxiety]. AB - The difference of concept between somatic anxiety (" angoisse ") and psychic anxiety (" anxi ete") as it was considered by authors in the past, has now fallen into disuse. However, it is worth considering this difference on the basis of the recent data relative to the selective effect that certain antidepressant drugs may have on panic attacks, while they have no effect on the basic anxiety. Consequently, a new nosography could then be considered in function of several factors: the reaction to imipramine, the preponderance in the disorders of their acuity and of the somatic impact, the spontaneous appearance of these same disorders. PMID- 6676101 TI - [Psychometry of anxiety]. AB - The methods of anxiety assessment include: on one hand the rating scales, based on either a global or analytical clinical evaluation, or on a self evaluation; on the other hand, the mental tests. Among the latter, the questionnaires, corresponding to a direct approach to the object of measure, are the most numerous and the most frequently used. PMID- 6676102 TI - [Epidemiologic studies on anxiety]. AB - The prevalence rate of anxiety disorders seems to be at least 5 per cent in a given population. Unfortunately there are only a few epidemiological studies in this field. With the help of three examples, the author underlines their interest in assessing the frequency of anxiety states and finding risk factors of etiological and prognostic value. PMID- 6676103 TI - Calcium metabolism in relation to chronic ethanol ingestion and estrogen deficiency in rat. AB - The plasma calcium concentration, urinary calcium excretion, total bone calcium content and the rate of calcium uptake and release by tibias were measured in 6 groups of rats which were kept under various treatment protocols for 8 wk. Ovariectomy led to significant hypocalcemia and a decrease in bone calcium content; the former being reversed towards normal by estrogen treatment. Chronic ethanol ingestion reduced the bone calcium content without apparent effect on plasma calcium in intact rat and further reduced (P less than 0.05) the bone calcium content in ovariectomized rats. The calcium uptake by the bone measured by 45Ca injected ip at zero hour was the same among the 6 groups. When 45Ca was injected ip 17 hours earlier, the disappearance of plasma 45Ca was found to be slower in ovariectomized and alcohol treated groups, indicating a higher rate of calcium movement from bone to plasma. Moreover, there was also an increase in the rate of calcium release by tibias after ovariectomy and chronic alcohol ingestion; the release was slightly greater in the condition of ovariectomy plus alcohol. The present investigation thus, provides evidence that ethanol is likely to have a direct stimulatory effect on bone resorption as well as an indirect effect through disrupting ovarian function during chronic administration. PMID- 6676104 TI - Radioimmunoassay of human transcortin. AB - A specific, sensitive and simple radioimmunoassay (RIA) system for human transcortin was developed. A highly purified transcortin was prepared from pooled human serum by the following four successive steps; ammonium sulfate fractionation, cortisol-Sepharose column chromatography, Ultragel AcAA column chromatography and hydroxylapatite column chromatography. Anti-transcortin antibody was raised by immunizing rabbits. The RIA employing 125I-labeled transcortin preparation and polyethylene glycol solution for separation of free and bound-form was sensitive to transcortin in concentrations as low as 10 ng/ml. This RIA was reliable in the tests of dilution, reproducibility and recovery. The presence of cortisol does not interfere with the assay. Also a test of cross reactivity revealed that the system was not influenced by human serum albumin in a concentration 10,000 times that of transcortin. The transcortin concentrations determined by the RIA (Y) and those by the conventional steroid-binding assay (X) revealed a good correlation (Y = 1.01 X + 6.25) in normal serum, and the immunoreactivity and steroid binding activity revealed a good correlation in heat and acid-inactivated transcortin. With some total cortisol concentrations given, the transcortin concentrations were inversely correlated with protein-unbound cortisol concentrations. The present assay is useful not only for biochemical research but also for clinical studies, in which the determination of transcortin makes it possible to evaluate the concentration of protein-unbound cortisol which is the physiologically active fraction in serum. PMID- 6676105 TI - Central and peripheral dopaminergic mechanisms in the cardiovascular actions of pergolide in neurogenic hypertensive dogs. AB - The cardiovascular actions of the dopaminergic ergoline, pergolide were examined in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. When administered intravenously (i.v.) to dogs made hypertensive by sino-aortic deafferentation, pergolide produced a sustained reduction in blood pressure, dilatation of the hindlimb vasculature and bradycardia. The antihypertensive action of pergolide in neurogenic hypertensive dogs was converted into a pressor action when it was given to dogs pretreated with i.v. sulpiride or hexamethonium plus atropine. Pergolide caused significant impairment of renal vasoconstriction elicited during stimulation of renal sympathetic nerves but not that caused by exogenous norepinephrine. The inhibitory action of pergolide on renal sympathetic nerve function was antagonized by sulpiride suggesting that pergolide activated presynaptic dopamine receptors. Direct administration of pergolide within the central nervous system via the cisterna magna (i.c.) to normotensive dogs also resulted in hypotension, bradycardia and iliac vasodilatation. The central actions of pergolide were prevented by sulpiride (i.c.) but not by yohimbine (i.c.), which indicates that specific activation of central dopamine receptors was responsible for these actions of pergolide. The antihypertensive, bradycardic and iliac vasodilatory actions of i.v. pergolide in neurogenic hypertensive dogs were significantly attenuated by i.c. sulpiride. It was determined that while this dose of sulpiride antagonized central dopamine receptors, it did not antagonize peripheral presynaptic dopamine receptors. These results suggest that pergolide exerts antihypertensive and bradycardic actions via simultaneous stimulation of dopamine receptors in the brain and on postganglionic sympathetic neurons. While presynaptic dopamine receptor activation contributes to the blood pressure lowering action of pergolide, stimulation of central dopamine receptors appears to be the dominant mechanism by which pergolide elicits the observed antihypertensive and bradycardic effects. Pergolide appears to lower blood pressure by a novel mechanism of action and may offer an additional therapeutic approach for the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 6676107 TI - The action of tabernanthine on noradrenaline-stimulated contractions and 45Ca movements in rat isolated vascular smooth muscle. AB - The iboga alkaloid tabernanthine inhibited depolarization (100 mM K+)-induced contractions in aorta and mesenteric arteries in an concentration-dependent manner with the respective IC50 values being about 21 and 7 microM. Contractions elicited by noradrenaline in the mesenteric artery were potentiated by lower concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 microM) of tabernanthine while they were inhibited by higher concentrations (10-100 microM). Tabernanthine produced only inhibition of noradrenaline-elicited responses in aorta and portal vein, the vein being the most sensitive of the vessels to the inhibitory effects of the compound. The magnitude of the spontaneous contractions of the portal vein, the aortic intracellular calcium fraction releasable by noradrenaline and the turnover of calcium in unstimulated aorta were enhanced by tabernanthine. Depolarization stimulated 45Ca influx and contractions in the aorta were inhibited to a similar extent by tabernanthine and 100 microM virtually abolished the 45Ca influx stimulated by noradrenaline and depolarization. It is concluded that tabernanthine has a calcium entry blocking action but also has other actions related to the turnover of intracellular calcium releasable by noradrenaline. PMID- 6676106 TI - Solubilization of imipramine-binding protein from human blood platelets. AB - Various procedures for the solubilization of the imipramine-binding protein (IBP) of human platelets were compared. An IBP of a molecular weight of 300 000-400 000, as determined by exclusion chromatography on Sepharose 6B, was obtained with high amounts of digitonin and with lysolecithin. With smaller amounts of digitonin the molecular weight varied between more than 1 million and about 550 000 depending on the batch of detergent. The KD values and the IC50 values of drugs inhibiting imipramine binding were similar in the soluble preparation and in intact membranes. CHAPS and CHAPSO, even in high amounts, yielded solubilized IBP of high molecular weight (greater than 1 million). Membrane preparations of human platelets solubilized with high amounts of digitonin and with lysolecithin would therefore seem to be the most suitable for further purification of IBP. PMID- 6676108 TI - Sensitivity of compacta neurones in the rat substantia nigra slice to dopamine agonists. AB - Extracellular recordings were made from neurones in the zona compacta of the substantia nigra in a novel slice preparation in vitro. The pharmacological profile of some dopamine related drugs was assessed by their depressant action on neuronal firing after known concentrations were added to the perfusing media. The most potent drugs were the rigid stable dopamine analogues 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy 1,2,3,4- tetrahydronapthalene (ADTN) and apomorphine. 2-Amino-5,6-dihydroxy 1,2,3,4- tetrahydronapthalene (5,6-ATN), was less potent than either. Octopamine, Norphenephrine , m- and p-tyramine were all less potent than dopamine. Although noradrenaline was equipotent to dopamine, alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors were not involved since propranolol and phentolamine were not antagonists, while (-) sulpiride, haloperidol and alpha-flupentixol were potent antagonists of the dopamine mediated responses. PMID- 6676109 TI - Tolerance develops to LSD while the drug is exerting its maximal behavioral effects: implications for the neural bases of tolerance. AB - Tolerance to a test dose of 50 mg/kg of LSD occurred within 0.5-1.0 h following an initial dose of 10 mg/kg of the drug, using limb flicking and abortive grooming as behavioral indices in the cat. These findings represent an example of very rapidly developing drug tolerance using a behavioral index. These data are discussed within the context of hypotheses concerning the neurochemical bases of tolerance to LSD. PMID- 6676110 TI - The molecular target size of brain TBPS binding sites. PMID- 6676111 TI - Specifications for identity and purity of buffering agents, salts, emulsifiers, stabilizers, thickening agents, extraction solvents, flavouring agents, sweetening agents and miscellaneous food additives, as prepared by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Geneva, 11-20 April 1983. PMID- 6676112 TI - [Normalization of the "occupational" specific bronchoreactive tests in occupational medicine, Study group of the Italian Society of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene]. PMID- 6676114 TI - [Manual informational procedures for occupational medical services in a transition phase]. AB - An interdisciplinary study group worked out a non-automatic informative procedure for the Services of industrial hygiene, in their present stage of operation. The system provides the census of the factories, the storage of the group data (group registers, sanitary program, environmental and health statistics) and of the individual sheets; the file is organized into several sections. The system is compatible with automatic procedures, which have been adopted by a model-Service. PMID- 6676113 TI - [Normal values of methemoglobinemia in a sample of Sardinian workers]. AB - The susceptibility of hemoglobinic iron to oxidation in the ferric form by action of numerous industrial substances, suggested the use of metHbemia dosage in biological monitoring of professional exposure to such substances. In order to have useful reference values, the metHbemia of 975 male workers, from various parts of Sardinia, was measured at least 12 hours after last work shift. 95% of the examined population had metHbemia values lower than 0,86% of total Hb; such result has been compared with other normal values, found in literature and likely causes of the differences between such values have been discussed. On the basis of our results and on the examination of literature an intervention prospectus is suggested for biological monitoring of exposure to methemoglobinising substances. PMID- 6676115 TI - [The measurement of the solubility coefficients of gases in the blood. III. Other solvents of toxicological importance]. AB - Solubility coefficients of 21 organic industrial solvents of toxicological importance are presented. Using a multiple phase equilibration method, blood/air partition coefficients (lambda) of such substances have been measured. The lambda values proposed can be employed in the field of biological monitoring of subjects professionally exposed to solvent vapours. PMID- 6676116 TI - [Description of several cases of preclinical lead poisoning in decorators of ceramic tiles]. AB - Tha AA report 10 cases of subclinical lead poisoning in a small ceramic factory for artistic painting of building tiles . The decoration was done by hand, using lead glazes . In spite of the extremely low lead air level, the decorators , whose time of exposure was 6-18 months had on average 1868 (SD: 810) micrograms Pbu EDTA/24h and 18,2 (SD: 14,8) mg ALAu /l. Hematochemical data were within the normal range, all but serum iron (144 +/- 33 micrograms %). The cases are presented as a clear example of working conditions where lead intake occurs mainly by gastrointestinal absorption. The AA emphasize the importance of biological monitoring as essential to complete the data of environmental pollution. Moreover the prevention of lead poisoning, especially in small factories, requires the implementation of those general hygienic measures recommended in the recent EEC directive. PMID- 6676117 TI - Elementary public school teachers' attitudes toward elderly women and men: sex stereotypic? PMID- 6676119 TI - Where I am today may not be where I'll be tomorrow: the uncertainty principle. PMID- 6676118 TI - Gerontologic continuing education: do professionals seek education or training? PMID- 6676120 TI - Consortium: survival of small college gerontology programs faced with diminishing resources. PMID- 6676121 TI - Academic and background predictors of gerontological job embeddedness. PMID- 6676122 TI - Nontraditional study of aging in a university setting. PMID- 6676123 TI - Departments of gerontology? Toward significant survival. PMID- 6676125 TI - Biological aspects of aging: two models of teaching. PMID- 6676124 TI - Sexuality and aging: an innovative educational approach. PMID- 6676126 TI - An evaluation of nursing students' attitudes and interest in working with older people. PMID- 6676127 TI - A classroom experience to improve young children's views of the elderly. PMID- 6676128 TI - Proceedings for the 16th annual meeting of the Japan Epilepsy Society and the Japanese Branch of the International League against Epilepsy. September 17-18, 1982, Sapporo. PMID- 6676129 TI - Epilepsy, personality, behavior and psychopathology--the state of the evidence and directions for future research and treatment. PMID- 6676130 TI - Psychotic symptoms in childhood epilepsy--an electroencephalographic study. AB - To investigate the significance of EEG findings relating to the appearance of psychic symptoms in epileptic children, a clinicoelectroencephalographic study was undertaken on 15 cases with psychotic episodes. 1) Psychotic episodes with hallucination and/or illusion were observed, though rarely, in childhood epilepsy. These seemed liable to occur in temporal lobe epilepsy. 2) Three of four patients in the hallucination and illusion group showed frequent epileptic discharges. However, no distinct relation existed between seizure discharges and psychotic episodes. 3) Eight of 11 patients in the dysphoria and excitement group were secondary generalized epilepsy. 4) In the dysphoria and excitement group, psychotic episodes occurred either as a result of the increase in epileptic discharges or conversely as a result of the suppression of epileptic discharges. The former was more frequent. Epileptic discharges tended to be suppressed in the Lennox syndrome and allied conditions relating to psychotic episodes. 5) A forced normalization-like phenomenon mostly resulted from the marked suppression of diffuse slow spike-waves. However, a complete suppression of epileptic discharges was not always noted. PMID- 6676131 TI - Primary generalized epilepsy and temporal lobe epilepsy: a psychological study using Rorschach tests. AB - Rorschach tests were performed on patients with primary generalized epilepsy (PGE) and on patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) combined with generalized tonic-clonic convulsions. Each group consisted of 20 cases and the two groups were matched as closely as possible. Patients with PGE were found to be characterized by variable responses, sensitivity, extroversion and undifferentiated tendencies. Patients with TLE are practical but inefficient and constricted in character. Cases not on medication displayed the same character types. On the basis of the above findings, speculation is made concerning the features of neurotic or psychotic PGE patients. PMID- 6676132 TI - Limbic lobe epilepsy with paranoid symptoms: analysis of clinical features and psychological tests. AB - Ten cases of limbic epilepsy with paranoid symptoms were compared with 10 cases of limbic epilepsy without paranoid symptoms and 10 cases of primary generalized epilepsy ( GTC ). The clinical features (onset of seizures, their duration, combination with GTC , seizure control, social adaptability and laterality of foci) and psychological tests (WAIS, Bender-Gestalt, MPI, Y-G, Rorschach) were analyzed. Paranoid epileptics showed poor social adaptation in spite of the seizures being better controlled. They had a low performance IQ, a low object assembly test and a low picture completion test in WAIS. They were less extroversive in MPI, less aggressive and more introversive in the Yatabe -Gilford test. In the Rorschach test, they had a high color response and a form response but the form level was low. PMID- 6676133 TI - A study of superimposition of hysteria upon epilepsy. AB - The superimposition of hysteria upon epilepsy was seen in 23 patients out of a group of 758 epileptic outpatients (3.03%). Secondary generalized epilepsy showed the highest prevalence (10.14%). Hysterical fits were seen in 15 patients. Seven patients showed hysterical twilight states. As for the other long-persisting features, the disturbances of motility, ataxias and paralyses without any organic basis were seen in seven patients and hysterical pseudodementia was found in one patient. As provocative factors, a variety of psychological problems was seen in 14 patients and hysterical personalities preexisted in eight patients. In a longitudinal study, the hysterical symptoms were transient in nine patients but they persisted for a long time or superimposed upon epilepsy repetitively in 14 patients. PMID- 6676134 TI - Longitudinal study for childhood epilepsy. PMID- 6676135 TI - Ganglioside alterations of the rat brain in cholera toxin-induced convulsion. PMID- 6676136 TI - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors of the convulsive strain (E1) mouse. AB - The biochemical characteristics of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors were studied on the E1 strain mouse brain by the binding assay using [3H]1- quinuclidinyl benzylate. Scatchard analyses showed that the receptor density (Bmax) of the hippocampus significantly decreased by 26.4% and the affinity (Kd) increased by 18.8% in E1(+) compared to dd-Y. It is suggested that this hippocampal subsensitivity found in E1(+) mouse might be strain-specific, because repeated megimide convulsions failed to produce the same down regulation. PMID- 6676137 TI - Possible existence of loosely membrane-bound specific binding sites for phenytoin. PMID- 6676139 TI - Proceedings of the third meeting of the Japanese Group for Lithium Research. April 2, 1983, Tokyo. PMID- 6676140 TI - Blood levels of long-acting propranolol in normal subjects and patients with renal failure. PMID- 6676138 TI - Potentiation of GABA by midazolam and its therapeutic effect against status epilepticus. AB - The anticonvulsive effect of midazolam was studied in rats and mice brains. Microiontophoretically applied midazolam (0.2M, pH 3.5) potentiated the GABA effect at the single neurone level, and inhibited neuronal firing in the rat cuneate neurones. Midazolam administered intraperitoneally (15 mg/kg) increased the primary afferent depolarization for at least two hours. Three mg/kg of midazolam slightly increased the glutamate decarboxylase activities in the mice cerebrum and the increase was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The authors reported a case of clinical application of midazolam: a status epilepticus was successfully treated with it, while intravenous diazepam of 30 mg failed to control the status. PMID- 6676142 TI - [Basic study and clinical evaluation of interpolated sagittal and coronal reconstruction of CT images in the screening of neck abnormalities]. PMID- 6676143 TI - [Demonstration of Le antigen on platelet by means of microtechnique of platelet complement fixation]. PMID- 6676141 TI - Local steroid therapy for oral mucoceles. PMID- 6676144 TI - Incidence of endotoxemia in pigs with ischemic hepatic necrosis treated by hemodialysis. Prevention of endotoxemia with lactulose. AB - The incidences of endotoxemia and bacteremia were evaluated in 30 pigs with ischemic hepatic necrosis treated by hemodialytic procedures. Prior to induction of hepatic ischemia, ten pigs underwent bowel cleansing by means of an oral dose of magnesium sulfate, and 20 received a combination of magnesium sulfate and lactulose. Endotoxemia and bacteremia seldom occurred during the development of hepatic encephalopathy, but the incidence of both increased markedly shortly before death. Pigs pretreated with magnesium sulfate and lactulose however did not develop preterminal endotoxemia. A significant relation between endotoxemia or bacteremia and survival was not found, irrespective of pretreatment with lactulose. Of the positive limulus tests, 67% were accompanied by a positive blood culture, while 42% of all positive blood cultures were associated with a positive limulus test. Dialysis with dialysates contaminated with endotoxins did not increase the risk of endotoxemia. It is concluded that in an animal model of ischemic hepatic necrosis (1) endotoxemia and bacteremia appear mainly in the preterminal stage, but do not influence the duration of survival significantly; (2) lactulose prevents endotoxemia and (3) dialytic procedures do not increase the risk of endotoxemia and bacteremia. PMID- 6676145 TI - The role of certain habits and various diseases in the occurrence of gastritis. AB - Four biopsy specimens of antral and body mucosa were taken from the greater and lesser curvature of the stomach in 557 Germans and 46 Turks with no gastric or duodenal lesions. The age-adjusted gastritis score in each area was related to various habits and clinical diagnoses. In contrast to the Germans the Turks had advanced antral gastritis at an early age which did not progress with age. Patients of low social class were more prone to antral gastritis than academics and civil servants. Hypertension was associated with a lower incidence of antral gastritis. Patients who had had a cholecystectomy had advanced gastritis in antral and body mucosa as compared with those with gallstones but intact gallbladders. The incidence of fundic gastritis was higher in patients with degenerative joint disease than in the controls. It is concluded that alcohol, nicotine, drug abuse and various diseases do not play an important role in the frequency of occurrence of gastritis. PMID- 6676146 TI - Lactose intolerance in adults with chronic unspecific abdominal complaints. AB - 77 hospitalized patients with chronic unspecific abdominal complaints, in whom any other organic disease had been previously excluded, were investigated for lactose malabsorption; they were subdivided into two groups: 46 patients complaining primarily of colicky abdominal pain and/or intermittent diarrhoea (group 1) and 31 patients presenting with dyspepsia as the predominant symptom (group 2). To establish the exact prevalence of isolated lactase deficiency in the healthy adult population served by our hospital, 40 Italian adult healthy subjects were also studied. The prevalence of lactose malabsorption was significantly higher (p less than 0.005) in patients of the 1st group than in patients of the 2nd group, and in the healthy adult population seen at our hospital (74% vs 35.5% and 37.5%, respectively). Furthermore a high prevalence of lactose intolerance, determined by means of a three-week diet trial (lactose free diet versus normal diet), was documented among lactose malabsorbers of the 1st group. We concluded therefore that lactose intolerance is a factor in some Italian adult patients who suffer from long-standing aspecific abdominal discomfort, and it should be always considered in these patients, especially when colicky abdominal pain and diarrhoea are present, before the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome is made. PMID- 6676147 TI - The influence of smoking and intravenous nicotine on gastric mucus. AB - Smoking predisposes to peptic ulcer. Bound N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) is an essential constituent of mucus. In order to examine whether smoking changes gastric mucus secretion, the concentration of N-acetylneuraminic acid was measured in the gastric juice of 10 non-smokers and 10 smokers. Gastric juice was aspirated during intravenous infusion of 0.67 microgram/kg/hr pentagastrin given alone or together with 5 micrograms/kg/hr nicotine. Instead of intravenous nicotine, the 10 smokers smoked 5 cigarettes over a period of 2 hours. In the fasting gastric juice and during infusion of pentagastrin the gastric concentration and output of bound N-acetylneuraminic acid were similar in smokers and in non-smokers. Acute nicotine administered intravenously or by smoking left gastric output of bound N-acetylneuraminic acid unaffected. It is concluded that neither chronic nor acute consumption of nicotine affects gastric turnover or adherence of mucus to the mucosa. PMID- 6676149 TI - Auditory brainstem evoked potentials. PMID- 6676148 TI - The use of carprofen, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, in peptic ulcer diseases. AB - The effects of carprofen (Roche), a nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, on gastric secretion, serum gastrin level, electropotential difference (PD), gastric microbleeding, DNA loss, and the generation of mucosal prostaglandins (PGs) were examined in 20 duodenal ulcer patients with active ulcer (15 patients) or in remission (5 patients). Carprofen administered for one-week period at a therapeutic dose (300 mg/day) was well tolerated by all ulcer patients and no adverse effects were observed during or after treatment. Endoscopy performed after carprofen treatment showed complete ulcer healing in 9 out of 15 patients and no exacerbations were observed in the rest of patients. No significant changes were observed in basal or pentagastrin-induced secretion, PD, gastric microbleeding and DNA loss. The generation of PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 was not affected by the treatment with carprofen. This study indicates that carprofen shows excellent gastrointestinal tolerance in ulcer patients, and it might be useful in the treatment of arthritic patients with peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 6676151 TI - Reserves of the respiratory system at different levels of aerobic capacity. PMID- 6676150 TI - Assessment of a time interval by the different fingers. PMID- 6676152 TI - Adrenocortical activity in athletes during frequent physical exercise in the course of the day. PMID- 6676153 TI - Sphygmographic parameters of the arterial system in children aged 7-12 years. PMID- 6676154 TI - Effect of a combination of respiratory and CSF pressure tests on parameters of the rheoencephalogram. PMID- 6676155 TI - Mechanism of urea excretion after protein loading. PMID- 6676156 TI - Evoked potentials to flashes in trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 6676157 TI - Relevance of hydrophobic interactions in specific binding of multivalent ligands to Concanavalin A--effect of organic solvents. PMID- 6676159 TI - Phospholipid complexes of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from rat heart & liver. PMID- 6676158 TI - A study of salting-out behaviour of egg-white trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 6676160 TI - Starch phosphorylase from mature banana (Musa paradisiaca) leaves: Part I- Kinetics & inhibition studies at optimum pH. PMID- 6676161 TI - Starch phosphorylase from mature banana (Musa paradisiaca) leaves: Part II- Aromatic amino acid inhibition at pH 7.0. PMID- 6676162 TI - Lysosomal status in diabetic polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 6676163 TI - Effect of ethanol administration on changes in metabolism of glycosaminoglycans in heart & aorta in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. PMID- 6676164 TI - A method for removal of interference by ammonium sulphate in protein assay by Lowry's method. PMID- 6676165 TI - Effect of different metal ions, inhibitors/metabolites & antibiotics on autoxidation of adrenaline to adrenochrome in alkaline medium. PMID- 6676166 TI - Organic acid metabolism during ripening of fruits. PMID- 6676168 TI - Dependence of anaesthetic activity on molecular polarizability & van der Waals volume. PMID- 6676167 TI - Hydrolysis of Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in presence of magnesium & fluoride ions in aqueous media. PMID- 6676169 TI - Carcinoma of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 6676170 TI - Intensive multi-drug post-operative chemotherapy for high risk stage II breast cancer. PMID- 6676171 TI - Adenolipomatosis of the thyroid gland. PMID- 6676172 TI - [Campylobacter infection and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome]. AB - A 20-year-old man with an acute enteritis caused by Campylobacter fetus developed a haemolytic-uraemic syndrome on the fifth day of his disease. The pathogenesis of the disseminated intravascular coagulopathie , the nephropathie and the haemolysis are discussed. With increasing rate of isolation of Campylobacter, the connection of this infection with HUS may be seen more frequently. PMID- 6676173 TI - [Toxic shock syndrome]. AB - The entity of the variable pictures of an illness summed up by the description "toxic shock syndrome" has been focussed on by a great number of publications in Northern America since 1978, but has been described scarcely until yet in Germany. An etiological relationship with formerly described "toxic scarlet fever" and "Kawasaki syndrome" is to be discussed. This case in charge deals with a 25-year-old female patient, who developed acutely without any former disease during her menstruation an illness of severe clinical presentation. The findings were high fever, arterial hypotension, and reversible renal failure, watery diarrhea and vomitus , different cutaneous manifestations and signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation, and severe thrombocytopenia with bleeding mucosal ulcerations. Massive growth of Staphylococcus aureus was demonstrable as well as growth of Proteus mirabilis and E. coli in a culture of vaginal smear. PMID- 6676174 TI - [Rubella immunization with HPV77DE5 and RA 27/3 vaccines of 11 to 16-year-old girls: studies of antibody formation and antibody resistance after 4 and 8 years]. AB - In the first prepubertal study 292 girls aged 11-15 years from 5 secondary schools were immunized with HPV77DE5 with the normal dose and 1/10 of it. The seronegative rate was 30.4%. HAI-antibody conversion occurred in 98.2 to 100%. The mean antibody titer in the two groups with 1:80 and 1:84 were 2 titer steps below the mean HAI-titer of the prevaccinal seropositive girls. The booster effect on the pre-existing titers was minimal. In the second prepubertal study with 625 girls aged 11-16 years from 3 gymnasiums 50.4% were seronegative. Of 312 seronegative girls, 56 had been immunized with HPV77DE5 s.c., 151 with RA 27/3 s.c. and 105 with RA 27/3 i.n. HAI-antibody conversion was observed in 98.2%, 100% and 100% respectively. The mean HAI-antibody titer following HPV77DE5 was +/ 2 titer steps, following RA 27/3 s.c. and RA 27/3 i.n. only 0.6 titer steps lower than the mean titer of the prevaccinal seropositive group. The individuals with a low prevaccinal antibody titer showed a significant but transient antibody booster response. Antibody titer controls 4 years post vaccination in 213 of the girls (160 prevaccinal seronegative, 53 prevaccinal seropositive) showed that all prevaccinal seronegatives had remained antibody-positive. The mean HAI-titer following HPV77DE5 was only slightly lower (1: 97) than 8-12 weeks post vaccination (1: 104) wereas the mean titers following RA 27/3 s.c. and i.n. showed a decline from 1: 158 to 1: 119 and from 1: 181 to 1: 111. The comparison of negative, low and higher HAI-antibody titers with neutralisation antibody titers in sera taken before, 8-12 weeks and 4 years after vaccination gave a perfect correlation between negative and positive results in both tests. Also 8 years post vaccination all vaccinees had remained seropositive. In comparison to the 4-year value, the geometric mean HAI antibody titer had dropped to somewhat lower levels of 1: 64, 1: 74 and 1: 64 respectively in the prevaccinal seronegative vaccinees so that no titer differences existed 8 years following vaccination in the different vaccine groups. Low positive HAI titers of 1: 16 were found in 3 of 23 (13%) in the HPV77DE5 group and in 2 of 76 (2.6%) in the RA 27/3 s.c. group but in none of 54 in the RA 27/3 i.n. group. The low positive HAI titer of 1: 16 could be confirmed in the HiG and ELISA IgG tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6676175 TI - [Immunomodulation with symptomatically effective antirheumatic agents]. AB - As antigen-presenting and/or monokine-secreting cells, macrophages play a major role in immunoregulation. Proteases of macrophage origin (cathepsin G, elestase , thrypsin and pronase) act on cell surfaces of different cell lines, inducing cell activation, e.g. of B-lymphocytes. T-lymphocytes might be stimulated by the activating factor LAF. Other macrophage products (CSF, FIM ) control monocyte production in bone marrow. While lymphocytes are the target cell lines for classical immunosuppressive agents, mononuclear phagocytes are kept for the major cell population affected by antiinflammatory drugs. The presented study outlines the significance of the mononuclear-phagocyte-system in antiinflammatory drug research. The inhibiting potency of antiinflammatory drugs on the monocyte macrophage cell line as an additional immunoregulatory principle should be discussed. PMID- 6676177 TI - [Anaerobic effect of tinidazol compared with metronidazol, ornidazol, cefoxitin and lamoxactam]. AB - The in vitro inhibitory activity of tinidazole, metronidazole, ornidazole, cefoxitin and moxalactam was determined against 150 isolates of clinically important anaerobes including Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides bivius and Clostridium perfringens by means of agar dilution tests. The members of 18 gramnegative and 14 grampositive species were inhibited by tinidazole at less than or equal to 0,01-8 micrograms/ml thus being without exception susceptible to the drug. A similar in vitro activity was recorded for metronidazole and ornidazole. Though cefoxitin and moxalactam generally had a good in vitro activity against most anaerobic species, single strains of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, B. distasonis, Clostridium difficile and Eubacterium rectale were resistant to these drugs. With regard to its in vitro activity, tinidazole seems to be a promising substance for the therapy of anaerobic infections. PMID- 6676178 TI - Impairment of vas sympathetic nervous system & contractility following vasectomy in rat. PMID- 6676179 TI - Biochemical & histological changes in male reproductive system of Loris, Loris tardigradus lydekkerianus (CABR), following efferent ductule ligation. PMID- 6676180 TI - Evaluation of teratogenic potential of a combination of norethisterone and ethinyl estradiol in rats. PMID- 6676181 TI - Effect of restricted feeding on circadian rhythmicity of intestinal brush border hydrolases & nutrient uptake in pigeons. PMID- 6676182 TI - Variability in nutritional requirement of an improved strain of Streptomyces erythreus for erythromycin production. PMID- 6676183 TI - Sodium nitroprusside & skeletal muscle relaxants: drug interaction. PMID- 6676185 TI - Effect of acetaldehyde on hepatic gluconeogenesis. PMID- 6676184 TI - Effect of malathion & DDT on the action of some tranquilizers on learning & memory traces in rats. PMID- 6676186 TI - Effect of ethanol administration on changes in the metabolism of glycoproteins in the heart produced in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. PMID- 6676187 TI - Protection induced in chick embryos against Ranikhet disease virus by some plant extracts or their fractions. PMID- 6676188 TI - Lethal & enterotoxic effects of Salmonella saintpaul toxin. PMID- 6676190 TI - Functional anatomy of macula and diagnostic procedures for macular function in clear media. PMID- 6676189 TI - Proceedings of the 41st annual conference of All India Ophthalmological Society. Calcutta. PMID- 6676191 TI - Blue field entoptoscopy. PMID- 6676192 TI - Assessment of macular function in anterior segment surgery (diagnostic tests with opaque media). PMID- 6676193 TI - Investigative procedures in heredomacular degeneration. PMID- 6676194 TI - Immunological status of macular degeneration. PMID- 6676195 TI - Low vision aids developed by intermediate technology and its specific role in the management of macular diseases. PMID- 6676196 TI - Pathophysiology of central serous retinopathy. PMID- 6676197 TI - Prospective therapeutic study in macular oedema. PMID- 6676198 TI - Management of central serous retinopathy. PMID- 6676199 TI - Cystoid macular oedema in aphakic patients. PMID- 6676200 TI - Cystoid macular oedema. PMID- 6676201 TI - A new look at some macular lesions. Topography of the human pathological retinas using scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6676202 TI - Central serous retinopathy and choroiditis. PMID- 6676203 TI - Preretinal macular fibrosis. PMID- 6676205 TI - Macular lesions secondary to choroidal vascular disorders. PMID- 6676204 TI - Fluorescein angiographic study of myopic macula. PMID- 6676206 TI - Toxoplasmosis affecting the macula. PMID- 6676207 TI - Aetiology and management of macular holes. PMID- 6676208 TI - Model eye for indirect ophthalmoscopy. PMID- 6676209 TI - Natural history of retinal detachment on the basis of the study of the fellow eye. PMID- 6676210 TI - Epiretinal membranes. PMID- 6676211 TI - Lattice degeneration in rhegmetogenous retinal detachment in phakic eyes. PMID- 6676212 TI - Photostress test. PMID- 6676213 TI - Observations on retinal detachment with history of trauma (non-penetrating). PMID- 6676214 TI - Prophylactic surgery for retinal detachment. PMID- 6676215 TI - Retinal tears and detachment after pars plana surgery. PMID- 6676216 TI - Retinal detachment surgery sine retinopexy. PMID- 6676217 TI - Fundus findings in aphakia. PMID- 6676219 TI - Technique of sub-retinal fluid drainage in retinal detachments. PMID- 6676218 TI - Management of aphakic retinal detachment with small, immobile pupil. PMID- 6676220 TI - Postoperative intraocular tension after retinal detachment surgery. PMID- 6676221 TI - External buckling without drainage. PMID- 6676222 TI - Simple approach for permanent buckling procedure in retinal detachment surgery due to dialysis. PMID- 6676223 TI - Treatment of retinal vascular disease using photocoagulation and cryotherapy. PMID- 6676224 TI - Diabetic retinopathy and E.C.G. changes. PMID- 6676225 TI - Early receptor potential in retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 6676226 TI - Diagnostic problems in leucocoria. PMID- 6676227 TI - Choroidal detachment (a clinico-aetiopathological study). PMID- 6676229 TI - Vitrectomy our experience with VISC-X. PMID- 6676228 TI - Post operative cilio-choroidal detachment. PMID- 6676230 TI - Towards a clearer understanding of non-haemorrhagic disciform detachment of macula. PMID- 6676231 TI - Genetically determined macular disorders. PMID- 6676232 TI - Segmental radial buckles under encircling elements in the management of large traction tears and giant retinal breaks (a conceptual treatment). PMID- 6676234 TI - Early cases of retinoblastoma (conservative approach). PMID- 6676233 TI - Electrolyte pattern in normal goat lenses and its alteration in lens culture during cataractogenesis. PMID- 6676235 TI - Study of cysteine, cystine and methionine in normal and cataractous human lenses. PMID- 6676236 TI - Nutritional factors in cataract. PMID- 6676237 TI - Hypotony for intraocular surgery (comparison of all available methods). PMID- 6676239 TI - Comparison of wound edge flora after cataract surgery. PMID- 6676238 TI - Modern extra-capsular microsurgery. PMID- 6676241 TI - Anterior vitrectomy. PMID- 6676240 TI - Preliminary report of treatment study of 100 cases of ingrowth after cataract surgery. PMID- 6676242 TI - Management of traumatic cataract. PMID- 6676243 TI - The role of intraocular lens in traumatic cataract. PMID- 6676244 TI - Out patient cataract surgery (a study of the 100 cases). PMID- 6676245 TI - Experimental amblyopia in kitten-II. Histological and morphological changes in the lateral geniculate nucleus (L.G.N.) in experimentally induced strabismic amblyopia. PMID- 6676246 TI - Penalization in amblyopia. PMID- 6676248 TI - Classification, etiology and pathology of myopia. PMID- 6676247 TI - Myopia in newborn. PMID- 6676249 TI - Differential tonometry in myopia. PMID- 6676250 TI - Prophylaxis in myopia. PMID- 6676251 TI - Peripheral retina in myopia. PMID- 6676252 TI - The epidemiology of high myopia--changing trends. PMID- 6676253 TI - Filtration surgery in myopic eyes. PMID- 6676254 TI - Radial keratotomy controversy in the U.S.: a closer look. PMID- 6676255 TI - Anterior keratotomy in myopia. PMID- 6676256 TI - Optical treatment of myopia including contact lenses. PMID- 6676257 TI - Therapy of myopia. PMID- 6676258 TI - Cataract surgery in myopia. PMID- 6676259 TI - Further report on trabeculectomy "trabeculectomy with scleral flap". PMID- 6676260 TI - Argon laser trabeculoplasty in the treatment of glaucoma. PMID- 6676261 TI - Argon laser therapy in open angle glaucoma. PMID- 6676262 TI - Surgical treatment of myopia--with special references to posterior scleral support operation and radial keratotomy. PMID- 6676264 TI - Cyclocryotherapy in juvenile glaucoma. PMID- 6676263 TI - Inducing pre-operative hypotony for intra ocular surgery. PMID- 6676265 TI - A modification in trabeculectomy. PMID- 6676266 TI - Microsurgery in congenital glaucoma. PMID- 6676267 TI - Diagnostic problems in ocular hypertension. PMID- 6676268 TI - Ocular manifestations in head injuries. PMID- 6676269 TI - Quantitative trabeculectomy. PMID- 6676271 TI - Beneficial effects of myopia. PMID- 6676270 TI - Scleral wick trabeculectomy. PMID- 6676272 TI - Singh's pupillary plane intraocular lens. PMID- 6676273 TI - Electro-coaptation of conjunctival wounds. PMID- 6676274 TI - The clinical and hematological profile of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies in India. PMID- 6676275 TI - An exploratory study to investigate the nutritional impact of nutrient and health inputs on school children (Boys, 5-13 years). PMID- 6676277 TI - Infant feeding practices in Kabul. PMID- 6676276 TI - Effect of Ascaris lumbricoides infestation on growth of children. PMID- 6676278 TI - Incidence and clinical features of Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 6676279 TI - Intellectual assessment in school children with endemic goitre. PMID- 6676280 TI - Serum protein (including immunoglobulin) status of neonates. PMID- 6676281 TI - Giant cystic meconium peritonitis. PMID- 6676284 TI - Workshop on ICC. PMID- 6676283 TI - Robinow syndrome (Fetal Face syndrome). PMID- 6676282 TI - Neonatal obstructive cholangiopathy. PMID- 6676285 TI - Abdominal tuberculosis presenting as inguinal hernia. PMID- 6676286 TI - Pediatric education at the crossroads. PMID- 6676287 TI - Correlates of the self-concept in child-abusing parents. PMID- 6676288 TI - Knowledge attitude and practice of perinatal care amongst traditional birth attendants (DAIS) trained vs. untrained. PMID- 6676289 TI - Training the trainer in relevant and specific nutrition health education (NHE): development of a low-cost and effective communication model. PMID- 6676290 TI - Rheumatic fever. Clinical profile of 339 cases with long term follow up. PMID- 6676291 TI - Gastroscopy in children. PMID- 6676292 TI - Community perception and practices in childhood diarrhea. PMID- 6676293 TI - Hypothyroidism with multiple congenital anomalies. PMID- 6676295 TI - Pulmonary tuberculoma in an infant. PMID- 6676294 TI - Plasmapheresis in acute Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 6676296 TI - Short rib-polydactyly syndrome (Majewski type). PMID- 6676297 TI - Parents' knowledge about cerebral palsy. PMID- 6676298 TI - Collodion babies. PMID- 6676299 TI - Integrated approach to MCH and family planning. PMID- 6676300 TI - General understanding and pleasure in newborn. PMID- 6676301 TI - Copper and Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 6676302 TI - Comparative study of incidence of diarrhea among children in two different environmental situations in Calcutta. PMID- 6676303 TI - Bacteriological analysis of expressed human milk and its relation to the outcome of high risk low birth weight infants. PMID- 6676304 TI - Blood pressure profile in children of age 3-15 years. PMID- 6676305 TI - Drinking water as a source of copper. PMID- 6676306 TI - A clinico-pathological study of Indian childhood cirrhosis before and after steroid therapy. PMID- 6676308 TI - Benign osteoblastoma of the lumbar spine. PMID- 6676309 TI - Midline subgaleal epidermoid. PMID- 6676307 TI - Pyridoxine therapy in tetanus neonatorum. PMID- 6676310 TI - Burkitt lymphoma--as anterior mediastinal tumor. PMID- 6676311 TI - G-6-PD deficiency in neonates in relation to religion of parents. PMID- 6676312 TI - Scurvy--the forgotten cause of proptosis. PMID- 6676313 TI - The pediatric population--orphan for transfusion. PMID- 6676314 TI - Child health in 7th plan. PMID- 6676315 TI - Child health in the 7th plan 1985-90--India. PMID- 6676316 TI - Chronic ingestion of natural fluoride and endemic bladder stone disease. PMID- 6676317 TI - Influence of maternal iron deficiency anemia on the fetal total body iron. PMID- 6676318 TI - Anterior fontanel size of Chandigarh infants. PMID- 6676319 TI - Serum calcium and phosphorus in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 6676320 TI - The role of copper in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 6676321 TI - Serum zinc level in pica. PMID- 6676322 TI - Familial aniridia. PMID- 6676323 TI - Wet nappy detector. PMID- 6676324 TI - Lethality in male fetuses. PMID- 6676325 TI - Congenital syphilis with chylous ascites. PMID- 6676326 TI - Umbilical granuloma. PMID- 6676327 TI - Corrosion of metallic utensils. PMID- 6676328 TI - Chemical basis of the passage of metals into the food and water from the copper based utensils. PMID- 6676329 TI - Progeria with Marcus-Gunn phenomenon. PMID- 6676330 TI - The toxic effects of interferon in man. PMID- 6676331 TI - How often do adults recall their dreams? AB - The question of age changes in frequency of dream recall was addressed in a questionnaire survey of 295 collage-educated men and women aged seventeen to seventy. Dream recall was found to be maximal for men and women alike during the college years, with a subsequent decline to a much lower level in the forties and beyond. The drop in recall frequency is paralleled by a declining interest in, and valuation of, dreaming among middle-aged and older adults. PMID- 6676333 TI - The fifty-year-old woman and midlife stress. AB - It has been assumed that the fifties are a relatively stable decade; however, women in their fifties are susceptible to many stresses, internal and external. The possibilities of widowhood, divorce, or poverty, combined with intra- and interpersonal strains, make this a time of insecurity about aging for many women. Some suggestions as to why women nonetheless cope successfully with aging are considered. PMID- 6676332 TI - Environmental satisfaction, sociability, and well-being among urban elderly. AB - A review of the literature indicates that until recently little attention has been paid to the effects of the environment on well-being among the aged. This study analyzes data relevant to both the individual and his or her environment from a large (N = 2265) national sample of low- and middle-income elderly. A recursive causal model is presented; the results indicate that perceived health and housing satisfaction contribute the most to well-being among the elderly. In addition, for men and women home ownership was not found to affect well-being positively. For men who owned their own homes lower scores on well-being were reported. The findings also indicate that while the quantity of neighbor interaction benefits the well-being of men, women benefit more from the positive sentiments of sociability in the neighborhood. This study emphasizes the importance of environmental satisfaction and neighborhood sociability as key determinants of well-being in later life. PMID- 6676335 TI - Airway obstruction due to epiglottic lymphangiectasis: a case report. AB - Airway obstruction caused by the epiglottis was seen in a 4-month-old boy. Biopsy showed multiple dilated lymphatic vessels, and spontaneous resolution occurred over a period of one year. The possible causes for lymphangiectasis of the epiglottis are discussed. PMID- 6676334 TI - The development and significance of septal and dental deformity from birth to eight years. AB - The septa of a series of 145 babies at birth was assessed into 3 types: type A- in the midline, type B--unilateral bending or kinking at the vomerine junction, type C--deformed to both sides. These were reassessed aged 5-6 years with the primary dentition present, and 90 cases reassessed aged about 8 years. In some there was a change to types B and C, but none changed to type A. Of 15 cases of external deformity of the nose at birth, 10 (66%) had irregularity of the columella. The children had dental examination and plaster casts made, an ear, nose and throat examination, and were photographed. The chances (which were statistically significant) of developing dental abnormalities and malocclusion, palatal asymmetry, upper respiratory tract infections and ear disease were found to be mostly in type B cases, less in type C cases and least in type A cases. Thus ear troubles were found in 45% type B, 25% type C and only 10% of type A cases. The palatal height was not related to any septal deformity. PMID- 6676336 TI - Leprosy in sub-human primates: potential risk for transfer of M. leprae to humans. AB - Twenty six owned monkeys were examined in Andhra Pradesh, India during the period May-July, 1982. The prevalence rate among humans in daily contact with these monkeys was 98.6/1000. None of the monkeys examined had any evidence of current infection with M. leprae but six were in daily contact with individuals who had leprosy. All six of these monkeys were used for begging and had daily physical contact with large numbers of people, particularly children. PMID- 6676337 TI - Automobile accidents in Illinois veterinarians. AB - Interviews to solicit information on total automobile or truck travel, occupation related travel and automobile accidents were completed on 1082 non-military veterinarians in Illinois in 1969. Most had driven between 10,000 and 19,999 miles the previous year. Of the 1082 veterinarians interviewed, 313 had been in a total of 416 automobile accidents; of which 228 had been in only 1 accident, 69 in 2 accidents, 14 in 3 accidents and 2 veterinarians had 4 accidents each. the frequency of automobile accidents correlated directly with the number of work related miles driven. Large animal, general practice and government employed were the three practice types with most miles traveled and greatest percent of miles traveled which were occupationally related. Veterinarians who had been in one or more automobile accidents differed from the total veterinary population in that fewer were married, veterans, smokers, had consulted a physician concerning their health the last six months or had been sick following insecticide use. Searches of death certificates indicated that 14 Illinois veterinarians had died as a result of vehicular accidents between 1950 and 1973, a figure similar to the rate in Illinois white males. PMID- 6676338 TI - Anisakiasis and phocanemiasis in marine fishes from the south of Chile. PMID- 6676339 TI - Toxoplasma antibodies in polo horses of Nigeria. AB - A serological survey of Toxoplasma antibodies was carried out amongst horses used for polo game in Nigeria using the indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). A total of 70 horses from Kaduna, Kano and Jos that were assembled in Zaria for the annual national tournament were sampled. 26 (37.1%) of these were seropositive to T. gondii with the highest serological titre at 1:256. Out of the 52 local breeds, 20 (38.5%) were seropositive while of the 18 Argentine breeds, 6 (33.0%) were seropositive. No significant difference was found amongst the breeds. With the increasing interest in the game of polo in Nigeria and with the findings that T. gondii could cause encephalomyelitis in horses, the need to take precautionary measures so that these horses don't get infection cannot be over emphasized. PMID- 6676341 TI - Studies on cysticercosis of small ruminants in Nigeria. AB - 1,132 animals (720 goats and 412 sheep) brought to the Ibadan abbatoir within a six month-period were examined during necropsy for the presence of Cysticercus tenuicollis. C. tenuicollis was found in 20.97% and 23.30% of goats and sheep respectively. In both species, female animals were more predisposed to infection and it appears that adult animals were more susceptible. There was a low degree of infection during the dry season. The economic and public health importance of this disease are discussed. PMID- 6676340 TI - Role of veterinary public health in the environmental pollution in Nigeria. AB - Veterinary public health has a part to play in the environmental pollution control programme. However there is a need to conduct research surveys to draw a line of demarkation where a public health hazard could be considered as well a problem of environmental pollution. In the developed countries some of these diseases have been successfully dealth with by the rigourous enforcement of law pertaining to hygiene, sanitation, quarantine, compulsory vaccination etc. In the developing countries by contrast this has so far not been possible due to the scarcity of funds for control programme and of inadequacy of law enforcement and monitoring agencies. PMID- 6676342 TI - Grice's operation for spastic flat foot. AB - The authors report 24 cases of severe spastic pes valgus in children affected by cerebral palsy, treated surgically by a technique derived from that of Grice - taking the transplant from the calcaneus itself instead of from the usual sites. They discuss the parameters usually considered in assessing the results and describe their own method of interpreting the measurements derived from the angles usually employed in the evaluation of pes valgus. PMID- 6676343 TI - Antero-lateral rotatory instability of the knee. AB - Acute or chronic antero-lateral capsulo-ligamentous laxity of the knee is not always detected on clinical examination and is therefore wrongly thought to be uncommon. However, even in moderately mild lesions, the functional deficit is often quite severe, particularly in athletes. After discussing the aetiopathogenesis and clinical features of this condition, the authors deal in detail with the surgical treatment, and describe the Andrews technique which they normally use. The long-term results in 15 acute and chronic cases treated by this method confirm the effectiveness of this procedure. PMID- 6676344 TI - Recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint a modification of Bankart's capsuloplexy. Notes on the surgical technique. AB - Twenty-one cases of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint were operated on by a modification of Bankart's technique between 1975 and 1981. The modification consists in the introduction of two screws with their respective washers in order to fix the lateral flap of the capsule to the neck of the glenoid cavity, after which the medial flap is turned back and secured by a reefing suture. This device overcomes the difficulty encountered with the insertion of the joint capsule in Bankart's original method. PMID- 6676345 TI - Selective aponeurectomy by Skoog's method in the treatment of Dupuytren's contracture. AB - Whatever surgical procedure is adopted in Dupuytren's contracture, it demands the utmost finesse and delicacy of technique. Even so, the functional and cosmetic results are often equivocal, but in our view Skoog's technique offers the most practical and effective method of treatment. It offers the following advantages: Duration of operation: In a case of moderate severity affecting only 2 digits the operation can be completed in 30-40 minutes. The surgical trauma is minimal and post-operative complications are therefore minimal. Recovery of function is rapid and there is complete absence of the disturbances associated with prolonged immobilisation. The relapse rate is minimal and certainly no greater than that associated with more radical techniques. The only disadvantage, if it can be so considered, is that the surgeon must be perfectly familiar with the detailed anatomy of the palm and fingers. Since the method does not involve the more extensive exposure and display of all the structures, as in other methods, it is easier in the absence of such knowledge to do accidental damage. PMID- 6676346 TI - Atypical indications for Ender's osteosynthesis. AB - On the basis of a considerable experience in the use of Ender's nails in basal and trochanteric fractures of the neck of the femur, the authors are convinced of the excellent mechanical properties of this fixation device. They have therefore used it in five atypical and complex cases of subtrochanteric fracture. They describe and discuss the clinical and radiological results obtained. Their reasons for choosing this method in preference to rigid osteosynthesis are given in each case. PMID- 6676347 TI - Intracapsular metaphyseal osteoid osteoma of the femoral neck. AB - The authors discuss the 20 cases of intracapsular metaphyseal osteoid osteoma of the neck of the femur found among the total 186 cases of osteoid osteoma on the files of the Tumour Centre of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute. They assess the diagnostic methods that can be used to determine the precise position of the "nidus" with reference to the surgical route to be used. The operation must expose the osteoid osteoma directly by opening the joint. PMID- 6676348 TI - A case of progressive scoliosis in a patient with craniocleidopelvic dysostosis. AB - The authors describe a case of craniocleidopelvic dysostosis in a patient with progressive scoliosis. They attribute the pathogenesis of the vertebral deformity to imbalance of the shoulder girdle muscles and dysplasia of the vertebral metameres. They agree with the majority of authors in regarding craniocleidopelvic dysostosis as a specific clinical manifestation of a complex hereditary syndrome. PMID- 6676349 TI - Progressive teleangiomatous osteolysis. Case report. AB - Progressive teleangiomatous osteolysis (P.T.O.) is a very rare disease, particularly when one recalls that only five cases have been recorded at the Rizzoli Institute (Campanacci, 1981). The aetiopathogenesis is unknown and according to Campanacci it is not clear whether it is attributable to an angiomatous condition or to a post-traumatic dystrophy. A typical case is presented, localised in the thoracic cage and complicated by severe haemothorax. The patient was observed over a period of 17 years and made a complete recovery. PMID- 6676350 TI - Tibia vara or Blount's disease: pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment. AB - Tibia vara or Blount's disease is a rare disorder characterised by varus deformity of the upper epiphysis and metaphysis of the tibia, caused by osteochondrosic changes in the proximal growth cartilage of the tibia. The infantile form appears at about 3 years of age, while the post infantile form, which is more rare, appears after the age of 6. Treatment consists of valgizing tibial osteotomy. If performed at an early stage, this can, with time, lead to complete recession of the anatomical and radiological changes in the proximal epiphysis. In the later form, distraction epiphysiolysis (after Monticelli) applied asymmetrically, is a new alternative to osteotomy. PMID- 6676351 TI - Congenital hyperphosphatasaemia. Case report of a patient observed between the ages of three and eleven years. AB - The authors investigated a case of congenital hyperphosphatasaemia. This disease is due to a change in the bone metabolism and produces severe skeletal deformities. Treatment with calcitonin relieved the pain but had no effect on either the evolution of the deformities or the laboratory findings. PMID- 6676352 TI - Skeletal changes in a case of Goltz's syndrome (focal dermal hypoplasia). AB - Goltz's syndrome (focal dermal hypoplasia) is a rare congenital disease only 50 cases of which have been recorded in the literature. Complex changes in the skin and the skeleton occur in this disease. Although the bone changes have been described in nearly all reported cases, these have only been reported in the orthopaedic literature in one case (Lynch, 1981) in which the disease was accompanied by an aneurysmal bone cyst in the pelvis. The disease is hereditary but is not sex-linked, although all the reported cases have been female. This is because the disease is lethal in males during gestation (Gorlin et al., 1963). The case reported by us, however, brought her pregnancy to term and gave birth to a male infant with no malformations either of the bones or the skin. PMID- 6676353 TI - Binding of cytosolic proteins to the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 6676354 TI - Genomic organization of variant surface glycoprotein genes in Trypanosoma brucei procyclic culture forms. AB - The production of the variant surface glycoprotein coat of bloodstream form African trypanosomes ceases after conversion to the procyclic form. In the bloodstream stage alternate expression of different variant surface glycoprotein genes is responsible for the antigenic variation that occurs during relapse infections in the mammalian host. We have examined procyclic stage populations, derived from different bloodstream variant antigen types, for the two types of genomic alterations associated with variant surface glycoprotein genes in the bloodstream stage. Transcriptional activation of some variant antigen genes is accompanied by the generation of a new copy of the gene, the expression-linked copy. We find that the expression-linked copy is maintained after conversion to procyclic form, indicating that the presence of an expression-linked copy is not sufficient for the expression of a surface coat. Sequences 3' to other variant surface glycoprotein genes show expression-independent variation in bloodstream stage trypanosomes. The same genes showed variation between procyclic populations of different origin, and between procyclics and their bloodstream parent. These data are discussed in light of observations on the sequence of variant antigen expression after cyclic transmission. PMID- 6676355 TI - Killing of Giardia lamblia trophozoites by normal human milk. AB - The clinical course of giardiasis is variable, and serum antibodies do not appear to be protective. We propose that natural factors either produced by intestinal tissue, transported into the intestine, or ingested (ie, by breast-fed babies) might promote resistance to this disease. Human milk is very rich in secretory IgA (S-IgA) antibodies, as well as nonspecific antibacterial factors (eg, lactoferrin, lysozyme). Previous studies showed that Giardia lamblia trophozoites were killed by nonimmune human milk (NHM) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Removal of greater than 99% of the S-IgA from NHM did not decrease its Giardia-cidal activity. Thus, the killing was not antibody dependent. This is the first demonstration of nonimmune antiparasitic defenses in human milk. The present studies show that in the presence of NHM, trophozoites lost motility, swelled, and lysed. The Giardia-cidal activity (GCA) may be specific to human milk, since unheated cow's and goat's milk were virtually devoid of activity. Much, but not all, of the GCA was lost when NHM was heated or reacted with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DIFP), a specific esterase inhibitor. Activity of the major human milk lipase (BSL, bile salt-stimulated lipase, a fatty acid esterase) was lost after heat or DIFP treatment and was absent from cow's or goat's milk. The parasites were also killed by pure BSL. These studies suggest that BSL may be a heat-labile Giardia-cidal component of NHM. PMID- 6676358 TI - Morbid jealousy: an analysis of its clinical significance. PMID- 6676357 TI - Oral glucose tolerance test in myoma uterus. PMID- 6676356 TI - Glucose tolerance during pregnancy, puerperium and its reflection on growth parameters in the newborn. PMID- 6676360 TI - Weight pattern in puerperium. PMID- 6676359 TI - Clinical evaluation of sodium iodide in the treatment of various types of cataracts. PMID- 6676362 TI - Serum aldolase in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6676361 TI - Pulmonary function in tropical eosinophilia. PMID- 6676363 TI - Medical practice and limitations of ear drops. PMID- 6676364 TI - Button-hole technique of tubectomy. PMID- 6676365 TI - Gastro-oesophageal reflux and hiatal hernia problem in children. PMID- 6676366 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma of lymph node. PMID- 6676367 TI - Pseudobiliary cyst following extrahepatic bile duct injury. PMID- 6676368 TI - Double pregnancy in a uterus duplex unicollis. PMID- 6676369 TI - Sloughing and spontaneous expulsion of intussusceptum. PMID- 6676370 TI - Public relations in hospitals. PMID- 6676371 TI - [Functional tricuspid regurgitation and its relation to the morphology of the tricuspid valve and annulus: pulsed doppler echocardiography and two-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - The mechanism for the development of functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was studied by an ultrasonic method. Thirty-five examinations were performed in 31 patients who were expected to have functional TR, and the severity was classified into 4 grades according to the extension of the regurgitant signals by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The satisfactory horizontal section of the tricuspid valve was obtained by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) to measure the tricuspid annular diameter and to observe systolic configuration of the tricuspid valve in 22 examinations. The tricuspid annular diameter was well correlated with the severity of TR, and "lack of coaptation" of the valve was recognized on 2DE in some cases of severe TR with the markedly dilated annulus, indicating that this dilatation was an important trigger of functional TR. Additionally, in the majority of patients with severe TR, "anterior displacement" of the tips of tricuspid leaflet(s) (6 mm or more from the tricuspid annulus towards the right ventricle) was observed, which was thought to be due to the chordal traction secondary to the right ventricular dilatation, and contributed to the development of functional TR by disturbing sufficient coaptation. In one particular case, severe TR was associated with " malaligned coaptation" caused by the anterior displacement confined to the septal leaflet, indicating that asymmetrical dilatation of the right ventricle and/or disorientation of chordae-valve system may contribute to TR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6676372 TI - [Echocardiographic recognition of ruptured chordae tendineae: patho-anatomical evaluation of the diagnostic criteria]. AB - Various pathological changes of the mitral valve (MV) apparatus have been reported to be associated with ruptured chordae tendineae (RCT). We studied the clinical importance of echocardiographic examination to detect the etiology of RCT in 15 cases with patho-anatomical findings obtained. The commonly observed echocardiographic abnormalities were diastolic MV flutter (80%), systolic MV vibration (73%), flicky (or exaggerated) MV motion (73%), MV prolapse (47%), and abnormal systolic echoes in the left atrium (53%). Diastolic flicky motion of the MV was observed exclusively in the patients of bacterial endocarditis accompanied with MV vegetations. The main ruptured chordae of the MV were recognized as floating chordal echoes. MV prolapse was associated with myxomatous changes of the valve or multiple echoes chordae tendineae. These results show that M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography may be predictive to evaluate the etiology of RCT. PMID- 6676373 TI - [Analysis of coronary hemodynamics in exercise by T1-201 scintigraphy: examination of rates of change of cardiac output, myocardial blood flow distribution, coronary blood flow and coronary vascular resistance]. AB - From our observation that initial distribution of 201T1 in tissue is mainly dependent on blood flow distribution, we designed the method to obtain the rates of change of coronary blood flow and coronary vascular resistance and applied it to the analysis of coronary hemodynamics in patients with ischemic heart disease during submaximal exercise. We measured the rates of change of cardiac output (delta CO) and myocardial blood flow distribution (delta Fract ) in two occasions by the sequential two injections of T1, and obtained the rate of change of coronary blood flow (delta Flow) from delta CO and delta Fract . Using the rate of change of mean blood pressure, we calculated also the rate of change of coronary vascular resistance (delta CVR). The initial components of histograms of the right ventricle by the first and second injections of T1 were fitted into gamma function curve. S1 and S2 were the areas bounded by the curve and baseline of the first and second injections, and then the cardiac output ratio was estimated by R X S1/S2, where R was the dose ratio measured by another camera system. The five min count rates on the myocardium by the first (H1) and second (H2) injections of T1 were calculated five min after the injection. H2 was approximately H1 X R in the same condition of T1 injection but H2 was not equal to H1 X R, when the T1 injection was done in the different loading condition. Therefore the rate of change of myocardial blood flow distribution was calculated as delta Fract = (H1 X R-H2)/H2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6676375 TI - [Multiserial ECG-gated computed tomographic method: Evaluation of left ventricular volumes, wall thickness and wall motion]. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential usefulness of multiserial ECG-gated computed tomography (CT) (GE CT/T 8800) for a quantitative assessment of left ventricular volume, wall thickness and wall motion in 15 patients with coronary heart disease. In order to obtain ideal left ventricular short-axis images, the gantry was tilted to the cephalad 15 degree with patients on the right lateral position. Five ECG-gated scans (5.6 sec for one scan) were performed in each patient with intravenous injection of contrast material (Urografin 76). Left ventricular volumes were computed by a modified Simpson's rule and segmental wall motion was analyzed at three levels (base, papillary muscle and apex) by tracing the endocardial outline at end-diastole and end systole. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic volumes ( LVSV , LVDV ) had a good correlation with those measured by left ventriculography (LVG) (r = 0.75 and 0.66). Wall thickness of the interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall obtained by CT was correlated with those by M-mode echocardiography (r = 0.82 and 0.71). Comparative analysis of segmental wall motion by CT, two-dimensional (2 D) echocardiography and left ventriculography was done. The 2 D echocardiographic segments with normal and abnormal wall motion were accurately identified by CT, best at the papillary muscle level (91%), and less at the base (71%) and the apex (73%). Similarly, 85% of left ventriculographic segments could be detected by CT. In conclusion, ECG-gated computed tomography proved to be a useful method for evaluating left ventricular function in coronary heart disease. PMID- 6676374 TI - [Clinical significance of stress thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy for evaluation of right ventricular ischemia]. AB - Although stress thallium (T1)-201 myocardial imaging has been used for evaluation of the ischemic lesion of the left ventricle, there are few reports on the usefulness of this method for the assessment of the right ventricle in ischemic heart disease. The patients (pts) fell into three distinct groups according to the findings of the coronary arteriogram: normal control group (16 cases) without angiographically documented coronary artery disease; non-RCA group (16 cases) with a significant stenosis (greater than or equal to 75% narrowing) in the left coronary artery but free of a significant right coronary artery (RCA) stenosis; RCA group (28 cases) with a significant RCA stenosis regardless of the presence or absence of a significant left coronary artery lesion. After the pts were exercised to 80-85% of the expected maximum heart rate, immediate and delayed (3 to 4 hrs) T1-201 myocardial images were obtained. The images of the right ventricular free wall ( RVFW ) in 30 degrees and 60 degrees left anterior oblique (LAO) projections were evaluated visually with regard to the presence or absence of a defective T1-201 uptake, degree of the radioactivity and redistribution phenomenon of the RVFW . On immediate images, all normal controls and 13 pts in non-RCA group had continuous visualization of the RVFW . In RCA group, the RVFW was not visualized in five and 11 showed defective visualization of the RVFW in the 30 degrees LAO projection. In 60 degrees LAO projection, the RVFW was not visualized in six and five had defective visualization. On delayed images in RCA group, two pts who had no inferior myocardial infarction (MI) had redistribution of T1-201 into the RVFW . Defective visualization of the RVFW on the image was associated with location of the RCA lesion, history of inferior MI and degree of RCA stenosis. Collateral circulation seemed to protect the RVFW against the development of exercise-induced ischemia and affect the occurrence of redistribution of T1-201 into the RVFW . The RVFW findings on images improved the sensitivity for identifying the pts with RCA disease, compared with the LV findings alone. Thus, stress T1-201 myocardial imaging is able to visualize the myocardial blood flow of the RVFW and may provide a useful non-invasive method in the evaluation of right ventricular ischemia. PMID- 6676376 TI - [Effect of regional phase delay on left ventricular performance studied by radionuclide angiography]. AB - When cardiac hypokinesis in myocardial infarction is analyzed by means of phase analysis of radionuclide (RI) angiography, there are some cases in which the amount of regional wall movement of the left ventricle does not so decline, but the phase delay of regional wall movement is great. Hence, a simulation experiment was performed with a computer to evaluate the influences of regional phase delay on cardiac work. It was assumed that the radius of the model of the left ventricle varies from 3 cm in the late diastolic phase to 2 cm in the late systolic phase, and that in the initial 1/3 time of diastole, the radius alters by 90% of the change. One cardiac cycle (360 degrees) was divided into 60 fractions (1 fraction = 6 degrees), 0 degree being the end of diastole and 180 degrees the end of systole. An ischemic area was supposed to cover S% of the whole volume of the left ventricle, its amount of regional wall movement being P% of the normal area, and the phase delay being R degrees. By varying S, P and R, and taking weighted means of volume curves and normal ones, their assumed volume curves of the left ventricle were computed. Stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF) obtained from these curves were compared to those obtained from the normal curves, and were expressed in percentage (%SV, %EF). The influences of the changes of S, P and R on the volume curve and on the cardiac work were examined. Then the count curves of the left ventricle (LV) were obtained by gated RI angiography in 22 cases of myocardial infarction and 8 healthy controls, and LV regional wall movements were examined by means of the Fourier analysis. The circular volume was partitioned from the center into eight sections on the LV image of LAO 45 degrees, and the amount of wall movement and the phase delay of each section were evaluated from the count curves of each section. The following results were obtained. %SV and %EF declined with sole occurrence of regional phase delay. Occurrence of the regional phase delay flattened the slope of the volume curve of the initial diastolic phase and formed shoulders on this curve. This was observed also on the count curves actually determined from cases with myocardial infarction. When regional wall movement was markedly decreased, the influence of the regional phase delay on the pattern of the volume curve was slight even if the phase delay was extensive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6676377 TI - [Left ventricular diastolic performance in patients with myocardial infarction: assessment with backward method of radionuclide angiography]. AB - Radionuclide technique in the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) diastolic performance has been applied in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). But the late diastolic LV volume curve obtained from the radionuclide angiogram is unreliable, whenever we sum up radioactivities by ECG-triggered method (conventional method) because of respiratory arrhythmia. The purpose of the present study was (1) to estimate the reliability of diastolic LV volume curve obtained from the radionuclide angiogram by our new method (backward method: backward ECG-gated radionuclide angiogram to the preceding R wave), and (2) to determine the availability of Phase 1 max and Phase 3 max as the indexes of LV diastolic performance. We analyzed LV volume curve and its dV/dt curve in 29 cases by both conventional and backward methods. The LV diastolic period was equally divided into three time intervals. The early, mid and late trisections of the diastolic period were expressed as phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3, respectively. A Phase max was defined as maximum dV/dt in the phase corrected for end-diastolic counts. At first, ejection fraction (EF), Phase 1 max, Phase 2 max and Phase 3 max were compared between the two different methods to estimate the reliability of diastolic LV volume curve obtained from a backward method. The backward method correlated well with the conventional method regarding EF and Phase 1 max (r = 0.965 and r = 0.940, respectively), but there was no correlation regarding Phase 3 max. This indicated that LV diastolic volume curve obtained from the backward method was reliable. In the second place, we analyzed LV dV/dt curve obtained from the backward method in 8 controls and 28 MI patients to determine the availability of Phase max as the indexes of LV diastolic performance. Phase 1 max was reduced earlier than a decrease of EF, and Phase 3 max was increased prior to a decrease of EF in MI. These data indicated that Phase 1 max and Phase 3 max as the indexes of LV diastolic performance were more sensitive than the indexes of LV systolic performance. Also MI patient had an abnormality in early diastolic filling and an increased atrial contraction in late diastolic filling of the left ventricle. The mechanism of abnormal LV early diastolic filling, even in the absence of abnormal systolic function, might be impaired LV suction because of fibrosis or the relatively ischemic myocardium. In mild to moderate LV failure atrial contraction compensated abnormal early diastolic filling, but there was no such a compensation in severe LV failure. It may suggest the limitation of atrial function as a booster pump. PMID- 6676378 TI - [Clinical estimation of the relation between coronary artery disease and regional myocardial blood flow by continuous thermodilution with the multithermistor catheter]. AB - To evaluate coronary hemodynamics more precisely in ischemic heart disease, great cardiac vein flow ( GCVF ) and coronary sinus flow (CSF) were simultaneously measured before and during atrial pacing by a continuous thermodilution technique with the multithermistor catheter in 10 patients with significant coronary stenosis (narrowing of the left anterior descending artery of 75% or more) (Group 1: CAD) and 12 cases with the normal coronary artery (narrowing of 25% or less) (Group 2: NonCAD ). GCVF reflects the anterior regional flow of the left ventricle and CSF reflects total left ventricular flow. Between the two groups, no significant differences were noticed in either resting GCVF or resting CSF. However, atrial pacing induced a reduction of coronary resistance (CR) and increasing regional myocardial blood flow in both groups in the same way, and the maximal pacing provoked anginal episode in CAD group in which both the percent decrease of coronary resistance (CR) (% delta CRant 25.3% and % delta CRt 23.3%) and the percent increase of regional myocardial blood flow (% delta GCVF 49.6% and % delta CSF 40.6%) were lower than those in NonCAD group (% delta CRant 42.3%, % delta CRt 37.6%, % delta GCVF 80.6%, and % delta CSF 68.3%, respectively). These data imply that resting coronary blood flow may be maintained as normal in patients with angiographically significant coronary stenosis, though coronary reserve probably decreased in these patients. In this respect, the continuous thermodilution technique using the multithermistor catheter may be useful for the clinical estimation of coronary hemodynamics induced by various interventions. This technique can be performed repeatedly for a short time and permits simultaneous assessment of venous blood flow draining from the anterior wall and of total left ventricular flow. PMID- 6676379 TI - [Intracardiac flow pattern in dilated cardiomyopathy studied with pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. AB - Left ventricular (LV) flow dynamics were analyzed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in patients (pts) with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Subjects consisted of five normal controls, 27 pts with DCM, five with myocardial infarction and five with valvular heart disease. The equipment used was a two dimensional echocardiograph ( Toshiba SSH- 11A ) coupled with a pulsed Doppler flowmeter ( Toshiba SDS-10A). The long-axis plane through the left ventricle was obtained from an apical transducer position and Doppler flow signals were recorded at the apex (point A), the middle portion (point B), the inflow portion (point C), the portion near the mid-IVS (point D) and the outflow portion (point E) of the left ventricle, respectively. Left ventriculography was performed in all subjects, and ejection fraction (EF), the ratio of the short-axis to long axis distance in end-diastole, percent shortening of the long axis and percent shortening of the short axis of the left ventricle were measured. Doppler signals of an ejection flow were recorded at points A, B, D and E in the normal controls, while in 27 pts with DCM Doppler signals of an ejection flow were detected only in two pts (7%) at the point A, in three pts (11%) at the point B, 16 pts (59%) at the point D and 27 pts (100%) at the point E. Twelve pts (44%) had abnormal Doppler signals with wide-band spectral pattern at the point C in systole. Toward flow signals in early diastole were recorded at the points A, B, C and D in the normal controls, while in pts with DCM the signals were visualized in only three pts (11%) at the point A, in 27 pts (100%) at the points B and C, and 10 pts (37%) at the point D. EF in pts with DCM was lower than that of the normal controls (36 +/- 11 vs 65 +/- 5%, p less than 0.005). The ratio of the short-axis to long-axis distance of the left ventricle was higher in pts with DCM compared with that of the normal controls (0.82 +/- 0.09 vs 0.60 +/- 0.02, p less than 0.005). Percent shortening of the long axis and the short axis was depressed in pts with DCM compared with the normal controls (11 +/- 5 vs 21 +/- 4%, p less than 0.02 and 15 +/- 6 vs 34 +/- 3%, p less than 0.001, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6676380 TI - [Pericardial closure causing post-operative abnormal septal motion: an echocardiographic study during cardiac surgery]. AB - To assess a possible mechanism of abnormal interventricular septal motion following cardiac surgery, 16 patients were studied during cardiac surgery by M mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. All 16 patients underwent open heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. M-mode echocardiogram and short-axis views of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography were obtained before and after pericardiotomy, and before and after the closure of the pericardium. Interventricular septal motion did not change after pericardiotomy. Interventricular septal motion just after cardiac surgery was variable and dependent on each underlying condition. In all the 16 patients, interventricular septal motion became abnormal after the closure of pericardium. The abnormal septal motion persisted following the chest closure. We conclude that pericardial closure is responsible for post-operative abnormal septal motion. PMID- 6676381 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular function in patients with atrial septal defect by exercise echocardiography]. AB - In order to evaluate left ventricular function in atrial septal defect (ASD), 12 cases with ASD, 18 postoperative cases of ASD and 27 normal controls were examined by means of exercise echocardiography using supine bicycle ergometer (50 watts and 3 min). M-mode echocardiograms and left ventricular (LV) short-axis views by two-dimensional echocardiography were subjected to the observation. M mode echocardiographic studies: ASD group showed an increased stroke dimension (SD) during exercise mainly due to a marked increase of left ventricular end diastolic dimension ( LVDd ) and a slight decrease of left ventricular end systolic dimension ( LVDs ). Postoperative ASD group showed an increased SD during exercise mainly due to a marked decrease of LVDs and a slight decrease of LVDd . On the other hand, in normal control group exercise increased SD only by a significant decrease of LVDs . Right ventricular dimension was decreased during exercise in ASD group, but did not change significantly in postoperative ASD and normal control groups. During exercise in ASD group, peak velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF) was increased most markedly, and negative peak VCF was decreased most strikingly. Eight of 12 patients with ASD who showed abnormal interventricular septal motion demonstrated remarkable improvement of the motion during exercise. Two-dimensional echocardiographic studies: Left ventricular short-axis views demonstrated that the shape of the left ventricular cavity changed from flattened to more circular configuration during exercise at end- and early-diastole in ASD group. The shape of the left ventricular cavity at late-systole did not change significantly during exercise in this group. In postoperative ASD group, the left ventricular short-axis view demonstrated circular configuration of the left ventricle at end-diastole both in rest and during exercise. The shape of the left ventricular cavity did not change by exercise. It was concluded that in ASD group cardiac output is increased during exercise by decreasing a left to right shunt at the atrial level and increasing left ventricular filling rate. Therefore, the left ventricular function was found to be good in ASD. PMID- 6676382 TI - [Usefulness of contrast echoangiographic diagnosis of congenital tricuspid stenosis]. AB - Congenital tricuspid stenosis is an uncommon congenital anomaly and usually associated with other lesions such as severe pulmonic stenosis or atresia. Sometimes, it is difficult to diagnose this malformation non-invasively, but the differential diagnosis from tricuspid atresia is essential for the surgical considerations. Described here were three patients with congenital tricuspid stenosis who were successfully diagnosed by contrast echoangiography using peripheral venous injection of the contrast medium. Contrast echoes appeared in the right atrium initially and then in the right ventricle through the stenotic tricuspid valve. In conclusion, contrast echoangiography is mandatory in the diagnosis of this entity. PMID- 6676383 TI - [Characteristic findings of mitral valve and mechanism of mitral valve prolapse in Marfan syndrome]. AB - To elucidate the mechanism of generation of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in Marfan syndrome, we studied the relations of the length of the anterior mitral leaflet to the diameter of the mitral ring. In 13 cases of Marfan syndrome associated with MVP (Group I), 21 of isolated MVP (Group II), and 24 controls free from valvular disease (Group C), the maximal length of the anterior mitral leaflet (L) and the end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters of the mitral ring (Rd and Rs) were measured in the long-axis views on two-dimensional echocardiograms. In addition, the measurements were corrected with the body surface area; designated as L(c), Rd(c) and Rs(c), respectively. Furthermore, L/Rd and L/Rs, and the percentage of shortening of the mitral ring in systole, (Rd-Rs)/Rd X 100, were obtained. The body surface area in Group I was greater than that in Group II (p less than 0.05), but there was no significant difference between Groups II and C. The L was obviously different between Groups I and II or C (p less than 0.001, respectively). Similarly, there was a significant difference in L(c) between Groups I and II (p less than 0.02) or C (p less than 0.001), indicating the remarkably long anterior mitral leaflet in Group I. The Rd in Group I and II was greater than that in Group C (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.02, respectively), while there was no significant difference in the Rd(c) among the 3 groups. There was also no statistical difference in either Rs or Rs(c) among the 3 groups. Both L/Rd and L/Rs in Group I were remarkably higher than those in Groups II and C (p less than 0.001, respectively), whereas these parameter did not differentiate Group II from Group C. (Rd-Rs)/Rd X 100 was higher in Group I than that in Groups II and C (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively), but it was not significantly different between Groups II and C. These results suggested that one of the probable mechanisms of generation of MVP in Marfan's syndrome is the redundant mitral valve resulting from a remarkably long leaflet and increased systolic shortening of the enlarged mitral ring. PMID- 6676384 TI - [Application of computed tomography to cardiovascular system: present status and perspective]. AB - In spite of major limitation in the application of computerized transmission tomography to the cardiovascular system, it has several unique advantages. The aim of this lecture is to give the recent advance and perspective of cardiac CT examination. The advantages include excellent spatial and contrast resolution and obtaining three dimensional images of the heart and the great vessels. Although CT scanning of the heart without contrast medium provides vague differentiation of the cardiac structures, with contrast medium injection it gives more precise information. Rapid sequential scanning with table movement may be useful to give tomographic images covering the whole heart. Since temporal resolution is improved with rapid sequential scanning at the fixed position, functional analysis of the cardiovascular system in a slice, for example patency of the aorto-coronary bypass graft, can be easily examined with excellent accuracy. ECG gated scanning provides anatomical information with good temporal resolution, as well as functional values, such as left ventricular mass, left ventricular volume, left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac output. These values obtained from cardiac CT showed a good correlation with the values from cine left ventriculography and a dye-dilution study. Thrombi or tumors in the cardiovascular lumen could be detected with CT examination. Attenuation of left ventricular wall motion, thinning of the ventricular wall and reduced regional myocardial thickness seemed to be major landmarks for computed tomographic diagnosis in ischemic heart disease. Cardiac CT examination may give the comparable information with echocardiography in this field. In the future, ultra fast CT scanners will be developed to give the multiple section capacity for three dimensional imaging and to improve temporal resolution for cardiac functional analysis. PMID- 6676385 TI - [Calcification of the tricuspid annulus in association with pulmonary stenosis: report of a case]. AB - A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of palpitation, dyspnea and anterior chest discomfort. She had had a heart murmur since childhood. On physical examination, a rough grade 6/6 ejection systolic murmur was maximally audible at the second left intercostal space with a systolic thrill. The chest X ray film showed the cardiothoracic ratio of 54% and the electrocardiogram demonstrated right ventricular hypertrophy. Calcification of the tricuspid annulus was recognized by chest X-ray films (anteroposterior and lateral views), M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiograms and the computed tomogram (CT) of the chest. Cardiac catheterization revealed the presence of valvular pulmonary stenosis and atrial septal defect. These findings were confirmed by surgical operation. Since the first description of Paktovskii in 1960, nine cases of calcification of the tricuspid annulus were reported, but no case has been described in the Japanese literature. Contrary to the mitral annulus, the echocardiographic and computed tomographic features of the calcification of the tricuspid annulus has not been reported previously. In this paper, we reported a middle aged patient with circumferential calcification of the tricuspid annulus in association with severe pulmonary stenosis and atrial septal defect, and the features of the echocardiogram and CT images were illustrated. PMID- 6676387 TI - [Development of the S-form hip brace of Wakayama Medical College type for osteoarthritis of the hip]. AB - In order to improve the therapeutic results of conservative treatment for coxarthrosis and to start functional training soon after surgery, the S-form hip brace of Wakayama Medical College type has been developed with due regard to the instability of the hip joint which is related to the origin of coxarthrosis and to biomechanics of the hip joint. Functional investigation was made by electromyography, etc. Even healthy people tend to develop gradual lack of stability at the hip joint with aging and the tendency is more pronounced in secondary coxarthrosis. This brace has been designed to reinforce such an unstable hip joint both mechanically and functionally, to permit flexion, extension and abduction, to correct the inadequate position of the limb such as adduction, both internal and external rotation contractures, to prevent up- and outward movement of the femoral head and to keep it in a more centripetal position. This brace had been applied to 1,678 cases in 17 years from 1964 to 1980 and the following results were obtained. In the period from pre osteoarthritis to the first half of advanced stage, complaints were improved and progression of the disease was suppressed. In the period from advanced to terminal stage, this brace was used after surgery and walking ability was soon improved. PMID- 6676386 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in a case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia ( ARVD ) were described. A 38-year-old male was admitted to our hospital on January 1982 because of palpitation and dyspnea caused by ventricular tachycardia. A cardiothoracic ratio was 45% and electrocardiogram revealed right axis deviation and T wave inversion in right precordial leads. A QRS configuration during ventricular tachycardia showed left bundle branch block pattern. The right ventriculogram showed dilatation and diffuse hypokinesis of the right ventricle, although the left ventriculogram and the coronary angiogram were normal. Histological findings of both right and left ventricular tissues obtained by endomyocardial biopsy revealed myocytolysis, scarcity of myofibrils and proliferation of collagen fibers, and the final diagnosis of ARVD was established. Echocardiographic examination disclosed right ventricular and right atrial dilatations, hypokinesis of the right ventricular anterior wall and abnormal motion of the interventricular septum. These seemed to be diagnostic of this condition, if right ventricular volume overload including atrial septal defect, endocardial cushion defect, Ebstein's anomaly, tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary regurgitation was clinically excluded. PMID- 6676388 TI - [Clinical study on bone mineral mass in metabolic bone disorders--I-125 photon absorptiometry]. AB - Changes in bone mineral mass were investigated by 125I-photon absorptiometry in 5 groups of patients; postmenopausal osteoporosis (n = 50), after partial or total gastrectomy (n = 54), thyroid disorders (n = 28), parathyroid disorders (n = 6) and healthy subjects (n = 214) as control. Radial bone mineral content (BMC) was measured at the distal 1/3 and 1/6 sites of the radius and the densitometric patterns were analized . The results obtained were as follows: Age variation in bone mineral mass and bone mineral change in pathological status were more sensitively detectable at the distal 1/6 site of the radius (predominantly trabecular) than the distal 1/3 site of the radius (predominantly cortical). In osteoporosis there was a diminution in radial 1/6 BMC and a significant decrease of radial trabecular bone index ( RTBI ) estimated from densitometric patterns, as compared with age-matched control. Sequential changes of bone mineral mass were evaluated during the treatment. There was no significant change in bone mineral mass during the first 3 months of 1 alpha-OH-D3 administration. Bone mineral mass then decreased about 20% in radial 1/6 BMC in the course of the treatment. An increase in bone mineral mass at the distal 1/6 site of the radius was revealed at 1 year treatment with 1 alpha-OH-D3. But at the distal 1/3 site of the radius only a little change in bone mineral mass was recognized during the treatment. Total gastrectomy caused a significant deficit of radial BMC as compared to partial gastrectomy. 1 alpha-OH-D3 was also effective on bone mineral loss after gastrectomy. Loss of radial 1/6 BMC occurred in hyperthyroidism (high turn over osteoporosis) but not in hypothyroidism. Striking bone mineral loss was observed in hyperparathyroidism, which recovered after surgical treatment. PMID- 6676390 TI - [New method of describing the motion of the knee joint]. AB - Knee motion in the full flexion range was measured for fourteen specimens under moderate load, and for eight normal volunteers while descending a step. Measurements showed that the posterior femoral condyles could be accurately modelled as parts of spheres. The line joining the centers of the spheres was defined as the femoral axis and joint motion was described by motion of this axis relative to axes defined on the tibial surface. From 0 to 120 degrees of flexion, the lateral center moved posteriorly by seventeen millimeters, the medical center moved forward by two millimeters, external rotation was 20 degrees, and varus valgus rotation was 4 degrees. Specimens and volunteers gave similar results. The method was simple and accurate and has several potential applications. PMID- 6676389 TI - [Effect of eel calcitonin derivative (elcatonin) in osteoporosis]. AB - Calcitonin has been considered to be useful in the treatment of osteoporosis due to its remarkable suppressive action on bone resorption as well as its putative stimulative effect on bone formation. However, its usefullness, especially the effect for decreasing the loss of bone mass in osteoporosis has not been proved substantially. We have studied this point using eel calcitonin derivative, elcatonin , in relatively low doses with and without calcium supplement. Bone mass was evaluated by microdensitometry of the roentgenograms of the second metacarpal bone. One hundred and thirty cases of postmenopausal and senile osteoporotics were divided into the following four groups and studied for six months: A) calcium and elcatonin treated group, B) calcium treated group, C) elcatonin treated group, D) control group. Elcatonin was administered intramuscularly 10 units once a week, and calcium was given 700 mg for every day. The results of metacarpal densitometry revealed the signs of significant increase of the bone mass in the calcium and elcatonin treated (A) group compared with the control (D) group, while the changes in the other groups (B and C) were not significant. It was shown that elcatonin had the significant analgesic effect for the back pain in the patients. Serum iPTH was not increased and the antibody for elcatonin was not detected in elcatonin treated patients. Although the study period is rather short, necessitating further studies, at present, our study suggests that the use of calcitonin with calcium supplements had the place in the treatment of osteoporosis. PMID- 6676391 TI - [Changes of the acetabular cartilage following experimental subluxation of the hip joint in rabbits]. AB - Subluxation of hip joints and subsequent acetabular dysplasia was experimentally produced by fixation of young rabbits' knee joints at each extension position. The restoration of processes of acetabulum after the reduction of subluxation of one-week-fixed group (Group I) and of two-week-fixed one (Group II) were followed up. The difference in time course of the processes were discussed roentgenographically, histologically and autoradiographically using 35S. The results are as follows; Roentgenologically, acetabular angles of Group I were restored in two weeks after the removal of the wires. However, acetabular dysplasia of Group II persisted at four weeks and even six weeks after the removal of the wires. Histologically, a remarkable change of growth cartilage was observed in each hypertrophic zone of the two groups when the wires were removed. Normalization of histological changes required two weeks in case of Group I and four weeks in that of Group II. In autoradiograms using Na2 35SO4, acetabulum was normalized in four weeks after the reduction of subluxation in both groups. However, the two restoration processes showed a different pattern from each other. Judging from the above results, it is assumed that a restricted unusual stress on an acetabulum causes some morphological and functional lesion to growth cartilage more quickly than expected and that the lesion becomes more unrestorable the more the period of the stress is prolonged. PMID- 6676392 TI - [Bone structure in aseptic necrosis of the femoral head by light microscopy, contact microradiography, and fluorescent microscopy --comparing with osteoarthritis and rapidly destructive coxarthrosis]. AB - In order to obtain further information of the pathological changes and bone structure of aseptic necrosis (AN), the present author carried out histological investigation on 20 femoral heads removed by prosthesis or total hip replacement from 18 patients. Both decalcified and undecalcified sections were investigated by microscopy, contact microradiography (CMR) and fluorescent microscopy. Schemata of individual cases were drawn to know the relationship between femoral head deformity and bone reactivity. Moreover, 19 femoral heads with secondary osteoarthritis (OA) removed from 18 patients and 7 with rapidly destructive coxarthrosis (RDC) from 6 patients were similarly investigated to compare with AN. The following results were obtained; Histologically, there are four different areas in AN. From the top of the femoral head, the lesion consisted of (1) subchondral necrosis, (2) granulation tissue, (3) an area of variable bone formation, and (4) normal bone tissue. As the advancement of the head deformity, fibrous component in the granulation increases and seems to divide the femoral head into necrotic and living areas, which by fibrous as well as enchondral ossifications become more prominent in the edge of the demarcation. As for the bone formation, four different types of bone tissues are discernible by CMR; (1) low calcified appositional bone and its absorption, (2) low calcified, appositional bone on wide trabeculae, (3) low calcified appositional bone on narrow trabeculae, and (4) irregularly calcified woven bone. Although during the comparatively early stage, the bone formation is seen in almost all of the living area, as the advancement of the head deformity, its activity decreases and results in overt head deformity to resemble that of OA which would be caused by mechanical factor. Increase of fibrous component in the granulation along with decrease of the bone formation would reduce the repairing activity of the femoral head. In the femoral heads with OA, a wedge-shaped area of bone formation is formed of which peak is located on the medial thickened cortex. In the femoral heads with RDC, a large amount of woven bone with irregular calcification is found in the bone formation area, in the upper part of a femoral head. PMID- 6676393 TI - [Experimental study on the vulnerability of the peripheral nerve]. AB - Compression neuropathy can occur simultaneously at dual points on a nerve, but the details of such lesions are still unknown. An experimental study was performed in order to investigate the vulnerability of the peripheral nerve in the "double crush" situation. Materials and Methods The sciatic nerves of 46 adult dogs were used. Compression was applied by special devices, and the compression force was 15 g (27.6 mmHg). The animals were divided into three groups. Group 1: One device was applied to the sciatic nerve 3 cm distal to the sciatic tuberculum. Group 2: Two devices were applied simultaneously with a 2 cm interval. Group 3: Two devices were applied at the same sites as in Group 2, but the second was applied three weeks after the first. These three groups were followed electrophysiologically up to eight or ten weeks postoperatively, at which time histological studies were undertaken. Results Electrophysiological studies: In Group I, complete conduction block was never induced. Mean motor nerve conduction velocity (M.N.C.V.) was 39% of the preoperative value at three weeks and increased slightly at six weeks. In Group 2, complete conduction block was induced in 50% at six weeks. Mean M.N.C.V. was 34% of the preoperative value at three weeks, and there was no significant change after this time. In Group 3, complete conduction block was induced in 50% at five weeks after the second operation. Mean M.N.C.V. was reduced to 14% of the preoperative value at three weeks after the second operation. HISTOLOGY: In Group 1, the number of large myelinated fibers was reduced at the site of compression and in the distal segment. Mean values for the diameter of the fibers distal to the compression site were shifted to the left when compared with the controls. In Groups 2 and 3, severer changes were noticed, especially in the segment distal to the site of the second compression. Conclusion Subclinical neuropathy was induced by a compression force of 15 g, and it was considered to be axonostenosis . The nerve had been compressed in the proximal region, became vulnerable to an additional compression trauma in the distal region. Even complete conduction block could be induced under such circumstances, and it was considered to be as axonocachexia . Impairment of axonal flow should be considered as a causes of the vulnerability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6676394 TI - [Experimental study of dynamic mechanical properties of the knee joint in varus valgus direction in vivo]. AB - In the present experiment an attempt was made to investigate dynamic mechanical properties of the knee in varus-valgus direction in vivo. Twelve adult cats with the knees which consist of medial collateral, lateral collateral, anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate ligaments were used. A measuring device, which was developed for this investigation, consisted of a fixation unit, a driving unit and strain and force transducers. Non-linearity of these transducers were 0.5% F.S. and 1% F.S. respectively. Both static and dynamic measurement could be performed with the measuring device. The femur of the cat was firmly clumped with the fixation unit. Care was taken to avoid crushing the skin and muscles by splitting small part of the skin and underlying muscles. Operation and measurement were carried out under general anesthesia and a muscle relaxant was given at regular intervals. Sinusoidal bending strain (bending oscillation) of 0.3, 1.0, 1.6, 3.3, 5.0, 8.6 and 10.0 Hz in varus-valgus direction was transmitted to the knee-leg complex under each pre-bending strain, which was given to varus or valgus direction prior to the initiation of the test, and bending moment was measured. Bending strain could be regarded as generated in the knee because bending strain in the femur and tibia may be ignored. Frequency, amplitude and phase of bending strain-bending moment response were analysed after passing through amplifiers and low-pass filters, and dynamic mechanical properties of the knee-leg complex was given as a complex bending elastic coefficient. Overall error of the present investigation was within 5%. Dynamic mechanical properties of the knee-leg complex resembled those of the Kelvin model on condition that pre-bending strain and amplitude of bending oscillation were constant. Corner frequency was approximately 5 Hz. It suggested that bending elastic and bending dumping coefficients of the knee were calculated by the least square method. Bending elastic and bending dumping coefficients of the knee were under the influence of pre-bending strain and amplitude of bending oscillation. As the pre-bending strain, which was loaded in the step-loading method, increased on condition of constant amplitude, bending elastic coefficient increased linearly, while bending dumping coefficient increased although the rate of increase decreased gradually. As amplitude increased sequentially from small to large on condition of constant pre-bending strain, both bending elastic and bending dumping coefficients decreased monotonously. However, dumping-elastic ratio (D/K) of the knee was approximately constant in spite of variation of those parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6676395 TI - Studies on conversion of motor function in intercostal nerves crossing for complete brachial plexus injuries of root avulsion type. AB - The progress of the functional conversion in cases where the 3rd and 4th intercostal nerves were crossed to the musculocutaneous nerve to regain elbow flexion after a total avulsion type of brachial plexus injury was followed up by means of the electromyogram, goniogram and spirogram in 25 patients. The joint position sense was further studied. It was found that in the early stage of reinnervation, spontaneous activity which synchronized with respiration was found in the biceps brachii muscles, but this involuntary element disappeared gradually and followed this the volitional control and endurance improved and became quite satisfactory within several years. It was observed that skin sensation played an important role in judging joint position. PMID- 6676396 TI - [Experimental study on the repair of peripheral nerve lesions--subacute compression neuropathy and neurolysis]. AB - Neurolysis has been a widely accepted treatment for entrapment neuropathy and other nerve injuries in continuity. The purpose of this experimental study is to clarify the effects of neurolysis on the recovery from subacute compression neuropathy. The sciatic nerves of 49 mongrel dogs were used. In order to make the model of subacute compression neuropathy, the apparatus designed by Horiuchi to compress the nerve with constant force was applied to each nerve for three weeks. The pressure of compression was 55 mmHg when the thickness of the nerve was 2 mm. According to the degree of injury of the motor nerve in the peroneal funiculus of the sciatic nerve, 18 nerves were classified as first-degree injury ( Sunderland ) and 31 as second-degree injury. After removing the compressing apparatus, either external neurolysis (E.N.) or internal neurolysis (I.N.) was performed on these neuropathies under magnification. After the operation, each nerve was electrophysiologically followed up to 24 weeks; at one-week interval in the early stage and at four-week interval in the late stage. The macroscopic and histological observations were made on the fifth, eighth and 24th week. Electrophysiological findings: In the first-degree injuries, conduction block at the compressed site had already disappeared at the first week and motor nerve conduction velocity (M.N.C.V.) recovered rapidly with no apparent difference among the removal group (removal of apparatus only) and the neurolysis groups. In the second-degree injuries, evoked muscle action potential in the anterior tibial muscle appeared at the sixth week, about one week earlier in the I.N. group than in the removal group. M.N.C.V. of the removal group recovered gradually without exception, but that of the neurolysis groups inconstantly in the early stage. In the late stage, M.N.C.V. of all groups reached about 60 m/sec gradually and exponentially and never exceeded the average value (75.3 m/sec) of normal M.N.C.V. Macroscopic findings: The swelling of the portion adjacent to the compressed site ( pseudoneuroma ), which had been observed until the eighth week, disappeared at the 24th week. A scar around the nerve existed even at 24 weeks post-operatively, but it became loose and appeared like a mesoneurium and its vessels communicated with epineurial nerve vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6676397 TI - [Compartmental syndrome of the lower limb--basic evaluation]. AB - In order to clarify the structural background for compartmental syndrome in the lower limb, biomechanical study was carried out on cadavers and pathological investigation was done on amputated limbs in clinical cases. Experimental ligation of arteries was made on rats and histochemical analysis of the ischemic muscles was also performed. Furthermore, the pressure inside the leg compartments of normal controls was measured. Based on these observations, the following conclusions were drawn. Some structural specialties of compartments are responsible for the clinical fact that anterior compartment syndrome is most frequently seen in the lower limb. Circular fibers existing at the wall of the anterior compartment is probably related to frequent occurrence of a high pressure in the compartment. In the muscle with ischemic changes, regenerating muscle fibers are found just under the fascia. This fact suggests that the muscle fibers have possibilities of regaining their function. Ischemic change of nerves is more severe in the peroneal than in the tibial nerves. This fact may be due to the anatomical specialties of compartments rather than circulatory characteristics of nerves themselves. PMID- 6676398 TI - [Basic characteristics of Gunma clone-4 in the experimental study of metastasis]. AB - Gunma clone-4 (Gc-4) cell was isolated by limiting dilution method from Radiological Science-Chiba- Toyama sarcoma which appeared spontaneously in a C3H/He mouse and cultured for generations. The character of Gc-4 cells was as follows: Gc-4 cells grew exponentially in vivo and in vitro, and the doubling time was 3.4 to 4.2 days in vivo and 20 to 22 hours in vitro respectively. Inoculation of 1 X 10(6) Gc-4 cells into A/Jackson mice and C57BL/6 mice resulted in rejection and disappearance within 17 days. Inoculation of 1 X 10(6) Gc-4 cells into C3H/He mice which were immunized with Gc-4 cells treated with 100 micrograms/ml of mitomycin C for 30 min. did not result in rejection. The Gc-4 cells showed histiocytic and fibroblastic characteristics morphologically and functionally, and corresponded to human malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Experiments on artificial and natural metastasis of Gc-4 cells revealed that Gc-4 cells had a high colony forming efficiency. PMID- 6676399 TI - [Collagen volume of the umbilical cord in infants with unstable hip joint]. AB - Collagen amounts in the umbilical cord in infants with unstable hip joint and positive Ortolani 's sign were measured and the results were discussed from pathogenetic viewpoint. Incidence of unstable hip and that of neonatal hip with positive Ortolani 's sign were 0.23% and 0.93% respectively, in 4,824 neonates examined during one year: 1980. Biochemical analysis was carried out in the umbilical cords of 8 female neonates with positive Ortolani 's sign and of 8 female babies who were later diagnosed as having unstable hip joint. A control group consisting of 16 normal babies with similar sex, body weight, period of gestation and birth order, corresponding to the above mentioned 2 groups, was also investigated for the purpose of statistical analysis. The amount of hydroxyproline was examined by a modified Woessner 's method and the amount of collagen was calculated by Fredensborg 's method. No significant statistical difference in collagen amounts was found between these three groups. Relationship between amounts of collagen and 9 obstetrical factors relating to congenital dislocation of the hip joint: mother's height, weight and occupation; neonatal sex, birth order, position in the uterus and weight; weight of placenta and length of the umbilical cord, were studied and statistical analysis was made. Amounts of collagen in the cross section of the umbilical cord were significantly lower in neonates with longer umbilical cords.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6676400 TI - [Acoustical analysis of joint-sound through passive motion--with special reference to degenerative osteoarthrosis of the knee joints]. AB - Sounds from the joints are still in the mysterious zone. It seems to be important to study the sound which occurs on motions. Here, a new analysing method and its clinical application are presented and discussed. The joint which is studied, is moved in some ranges for four seconds in the unechoic chamber, and a special microphone is kept to touch on the pan-articular skin manually throughout the motion. These collected sounds are analyzed with a narrow band spectrum analyzer (Br uel & Kjaer Co., 2031 Type) and a computer. In the unechoic chamber, it may diminished the background noises. The narrow band spectrum analyzer made it possible not to use the magnetic tape which usually induced much noise. Furthermore, as the computer system is utilized, it become easy to compile the data of each frequency analysis and to obtain over all value, with which the sound volume can be compared with each other. The over all value means an integrated volume of each joint sound. In this paper, joint sound were obtained from normal and pathological human joints. In the normal cases, the frequency analysis data showed almost flat spectrum curves, and the total over all values (0.5 kHz to 5 kHz) were usually less than 80 dB. On the other hand, in the pathological joints which had bony changes affected by rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative osteoarthritis, fracture, and others, the frequency analysis showed elevated curves in range from 0.5 kHz to 4.0 kHz, and the total over all value increased in each pathological joint. In 85 cases of osteoarthrosis of the knee joints, the total over all values were a wide dispersion from 76 to 104 dB. And these values and radiological grading (by Swanson) correlated to each other. The over all values at each 0.5 kHz interval, especially from 0.5 to 1.5 kHz, were maximum ones in each radiological gradings. It is concluded that these results in osteoarthrosis cases, are related to with radiological gradings. PMID- 6676401 TI - [Quantitative analysis of lateral force of floor reactions in normal and above knee prosthetic gait]. AB - Analysis of the lateral force of floor reactions has only been reported with reference to the vertical and fore- and-aft force because of large individual variations and great differences between the right and left limb of the same individual on the normal pattern of the force curve. In this study, the lateral force in normal and above-knee prosthetic gait was evaluated by calculating the total impulse during stance phase duration as well as by characteristic points of the force curve. The sensitivity of the electronic unit connected to the Kistler 's force plate was enhanced four times. The following results were obtained: In normal gait, the lateral stability during stance phase was shown by the lateral force which was proved to be a regulative element for rhythmical forward movement of the center of gravity of the body. The lateral stability in above-knee prosthetic gait was evaluated not only by the characteristic pattern of the force curve, but also by a decreased difference of the impulse of lateral force between the natural and artificial limb. The initial adduction angle of above-knee prostheses was determined by such a definition of the lateral force. Five degrees proved to be the most appropriate angle, as has been generally accepted. The lateral force of floor reaction can be definitely measured by a quantitative analysis of the total impulse during stance phase duration. PMID- 6676402 TI - Quantitative assessment of bone density on X-ray picture. AB - On an X-ray picture of the hands along with an aluminum step-wedge, the bone density was measured at the middle site of the metacarpal bone II with a densitometer and a computer to provide 6 indices in healthy subjects and patients with osteoporosis in order to assess the degree of bone density. This method was observed to exhibit significant correlations with the already established methods for bone mineral assessment including the Jikei method, photon absorptiometry, and bone biopsy. Thus our method permits the assessment of the degree of bone atrophy. PMID- 6676403 TI - [Malignant lymphoma--recent progress in diagnosis and treatment. 1. Changing concept and classification of malignant lymphomas]. PMID- 6676404 TI - [Malignant lymphoma--recent progress in diagnosis and treatment. 3. Progress in therapeutic results. (1). Multidisciplinary approach to patients with malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 6676405 TI - [Malignant lymphoma--recent progress in diagnosis and treatment. 3. Progress in therapeutic results. (3). Present status and problems of treatment of malignant lymphoma in Japan]. PMID- 6676406 TI - [Malignant lymphoma--recent progress in diagnosis and treatment. (Supplement 1). Long-term survivors of malignant lymphoma patients treated with combination chemotherapy: retrospective analysis]. PMID- 6676407 TI - [Clinical significance of serum immune complex in collagen diseases. Relation between diseases and analytic methods]. PMID- 6676408 TI - [Gastric emptying in patients with gastroduodenal disease. IV. Studies on relation between treatment with anticholinergic drug and ulcer recurrence in patients with gastric ulcer]. PMID- 6676409 TI - [Case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 6676410 TI - [Case of acute interstitial nephritis with bone marrow granulomas and uveitis (Dobrin's syndrome)]. PMID- 6676411 TI - [Case of beta-thalassemia intermedia]. PMID- 6676412 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in 150 patients with cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 6676413 TI - [Patterns in the fall of blood pressure during the erect position in patients with orthostatic hypotension syndrome--with special reference to the pathophysiology of sympatheticotonic-type orthostatic hypotension]. PMID- 6676414 TI - [Optimal dose of aspirin in ischemic cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 6676415 TI - [Case of Castleman lymphoma with plasma cell type in the retroperitoneum]. PMID- 6676416 TI - [Case of partial trisomy 8q with empty sella]. PMID- 6676417 TI - [Hypokalemic paralysis in a case with hyperthyroidism and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism]. PMID- 6676418 TI - [Case of Behcet's disease associated with chylothorax]. PMID- 6676419 TI - [Respiratory failure: risk factors in acute exacerbation and their influence on the prognosis of chronic respiratory failure]. PMID- 6676420 TI - [Respiratory failure: pulmonary gas exchange during the acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure]. PMID- 6676421 TI - [Respiratory failure: manifestation of acute aggravation of respiratory insufficiency during its chronic course and a therapeutic approach--hemodynamic studies with Swan-Ganz catheter]. PMID- 6676422 TI - [Respiratory failure: therapy of acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory failure]. PMID- 6676423 TI - [Respiratory failure: index for evaluation of walking-training of patients with chronic severe respiratory failure]. PMID- 6676424 TI - [Respiratory failure: therapeutic trial on its acute exacerbation]. PMID- 6676425 TI - [Respiratory failure]. PMID- 6676426 TI - [Clinical significance of exercise ST mapping]. PMID- 6676427 TI - [Biochemical study on pulmonary alveolar proteinosis--glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid]. PMID- 6676428 TI - [Effects of rehabilitative exercise on circulatory and respiratory responses to treadmill exercise in patients in the recovery phase of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6676429 TI - [Therapeutic effect of parathyroidectomy on secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 6676430 TI - [Familial pheochromocytoma: case report and a review of literature in Japan]. PMID- 6676431 TI - [Case of Bence-Jones type multiple myeloma with initial symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 6676432 TI - [Case of type-A Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome with dual atrioventricular nodal pathways]. PMID- 6676433 TI - [Case of polymyositis associated with aplastic anemia]. PMID- 6676434 TI - [Case of familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency]. PMID- 6676435 TI - [Role of antidiuretic hormone in hyponatremia of a patient with primary hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6676436 TI - [Case of XY gonadal dysgenesis associated with skeletal anomalies around the foramen magnum]. PMID- 6676437 TI - Hematological values in healthy Thai infants in southern Thailand. PMID- 6676438 TI - The estimation of desirable weight of Thai adult females. PMID- 6676439 TI - Treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea with rosoxacin. PMID- 6676440 TI - Ascorbic acid in iron-deficiency anemia. PMID- 6676441 TI - Serum lipids in normal subjects, coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 6676442 TI - Intraocular pressure in certain age group in southern of Thailand. PMID- 6676443 TI - Prevalence of heart diseases in school-age children of Bangkok. PMID- 6676444 TI - Intracranial angiogliomas. PMID- 6676445 TI - Malignant tumour of the parathyroid gland : report of case. PMID- 6676446 TI - Effect of chronic administration of riboflavin 2',3',4',5'-tetrabutyrate on the hepatic enzymes of fatty acid oxidation in the rat. AB - Effects of long-term administration of riboflavin, sodium butyrate or riboflavin 2',3',4',5'- tetrabutyrate ( RTB ) on the activities of renal and hepatic enzymes that catalyze the beta-oxidation of fatty acid were determined in the rat. Feeding of riboflavin or sodium butyrate for 5 weeks had no effect on all the enzymes examined. By contrast, feeding of RTB resulted in an increase in the hepatic activity of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase [EC 2.3.1.16] by 50% of the control level, while the activities of renal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase and of hepatic and renal acyl-CoA synthetase [EC 6.2.1.3] and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase [EC 1.3.99.3] remained unaffected. The increase in hepatic 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase activity suggests that prolonged RTB administration results in an increased beta-oxidation of fatty acid in the liver, which may explain the reported reduction in the concentration of tryglyceride in plasma during RTB treatment. PMID- 6676447 TI - The changes of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in bone and serum of developing chick. AB - The changes of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP) levels in bone and serum were studied in relation to those in calcium metabolism using chick embryos and chicks aged from 13 days' incubation to 8 weeks old. Chick BGP was determined by radioimmunoassay using antiserum to purified chick BGP. BGP levels in bone and serum increased significantly at hatching and then decreased until 3-5 days of age. Thereafter, BGP levels in bone and serum increased gradually until 8 weeks of age. These changes of BGP levels were well correlated with those of serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and bone calcium content. The molecular size of increased serum BGP at hatching was not different from that of bone BGP. These results suggest that BGP plays a role in hatching and bone formation during chick development. PMID- 6676448 TI - Effect of voluntary running exercise on hypertriacylglycerolemic effect of sucrose in relation to its feeding timing in rats. AB - The effect of voluntary wheel-running to modulate sucrose-induced hypertriacylglycerolemia was investigated on both sedentary and exercised rats in relation to the timing of sucrose feeding. The exercised group was allowed voluntary wheel-running between 21.00-08.00. Rats of both groups were daily meal fed a 35% sucrose diet at 20.00-21.00 and a basal diet at 08.00-09.00, or inversely meal fed the two diets at the reversed time for 7 weeks each. At the end of the feeding period, plasma or serum triacylglycerol (TG) levels of exercised rats, as compared to sedentary rats, showed smaller diurnal changes regardless of the timing of sucrose feeding. Hepatic-intestinal TG secretion rates measured during both resting and physically active periods were lower in the exercised rats than in the sedentary control rats, whereas the cardiac and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity of the two groups was not significantly different. These results suggest that voluntary wheel-running exercise may modulate the hypertriacylglycerolemic effect of sucrose in rats regardless of the timing of sucrose feeding, with decreased TG secretion. PMID- 6676449 TI - Effects of dietary picolinate on mice deprived of tryptophan, niacin and vitamin B-6. AB - Tryptophan (Trp) is usually catabolized to CO2, H2O and urea in mammals. Quantitatively, minor branches from this pathway lead to the production of picolinate (PA) and NAD+. Although niacin is a required nutrient when NAD+ synthesis from Trp is insufficient, it is not known if dietary PA is beneficial in such conditions. Two kinds of experiment were used to investigate the effects of dietary PA. First, mice were fed on a diet deficient in Trp for six weeks to diminish endogenous PA synthesis and stores. After this time the body mass of the mice was reduced by approximately 30%. Tryptophan-deficient mice subsequently fed a nutritionally complete diet gained weight more rapidly during the first but not subsequent week(s) of recovery when PA was added to their food. Second, mice were fed on a diet deficient in Trp, niacin and vitamin B-6 during the preimplantation period of pregnancy in an attempt to acutely lower PA synthesis and perhaps alter the embryos thus produced. The rate at which preimplantation blastocysts formed trophoblastic outgrowths when cultured in vitro was stimulated by dietary PA only if these blastocysts came from mice fed on a nutritionally deficient diet. The results suggest that PA serves as a beneficial nutrient under some conditions where its endogenous synthesis may be diminished. PMID- 6676450 TI - Protein and energy intake of adult hospitalized patients. PMID- 6676451 TI - Effect of vitamins other than vitamin C on viruses: virus-inactivating activity of vitamin K5. PMID- 6676452 TI - [Studies on the components of Ophiopogon roots (China). I]. PMID- 6676453 TI - [Studies on the constituents of fructus Momordicae. I. On the sweet princple]. PMID- 6676454 TI - [Studies on the constituents of fructus Momordicae. II. Structure of sapogenin]. PMID- 6676455 TI - [Studies on the constituents of fructus Momordicae. III. Structure of mogrosides]. PMID- 6676456 TI - [Coupled column chromatography using hydrophilic gel permeation column to clean up biological fluid]. PMID- 6676457 TI - [Improved determination of betahistine mesylate]. PMID- 6676458 TI - [Resistance factors in Streptococcus pneumoniae cell wall to lysozyme digestion]. PMID- 6676459 TI - [Development of the ultra-fine size reduction method of slightly soluble medicinal crystals. IV. Enhanced bioavailability of oxolinic acid by ultra-fine size reduction]. PMID- 6676460 TI - [Synthesis of 3-amino-3-methyl-2-azetidinone-1-sulfonic acid and its derivatives]. PMID- 6676461 TI - [Development of the ultra-fine size reduction method of slightly soluble medicinal crystals. III. Inference of origin for ultra-fine size reduction of oxolinic acid crystal]. PMID- 6676462 TI - [Effect of ascorbic acid on metabolism and excretion of isoniazid in rat]. PMID- 6676463 TI - [Genetic and physiological studies of mouse systolic blood pressure]. AB - At the present, it is obviously demonstrated that the blood pressure is genetically controlled. But genetical analysis are not well done because it is very complicated in relation to the environmental factors. In this study, the systolic blood pressure measurement and some blood examinations were carried in 23 inbred strain mice which were relatively representative in different genetical background groups and included 2 diabetic mutants, 1 obese mutant and 1 obese congenic mouse, and the relations were calculated between them. And also the heritability and the number of genetic loci of blood pressure were determined with the hybridization experiment. The results obtained were as follows. About 50 mmHg difference was shown among the blood pressure of different inbred mice. The strains of 129/J, JPW , XP and C57BL/6J indicated lower values, and NZB, ICR, C3H and PL/J strain showed higher blood pressure. Diabetic mutants demonstrated relatively higher values compared with control mice. It was demonstrated that the blood pressure rose high correlatively with the age in the experiment of prediabetic NOD mouse. Remarkable correlations were shown between the blood pressure and serum triglyceride and cholesterol especially in diabetic mice. It was calculated that the blood pressure was controlled by about 5 genetic loci and the heritability was 0.3455. PMID- 6676464 TI - Effects of running speed on the mechanical power and efficiency of sprint- and distance-runners. PMID- 6676465 TI - Cysteamine rapidly decreases mitotic cells in random culture of HeLa S-3 cells. PMID- 6676466 TI - Nonrandom distribution of chromosome breaks in lymphocytes of atomic bomb survivors. PMID- 6676467 TI - Measurement of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for the radiation beam from neutron source reactor YAYOI--comparisons with cyclotron neutron and 60Co gamma ray. PMID- 6676468 TI - Effects of hyperthermia at 42 degrees C on DNA lesion and cell inactivation caused by X-ray. PMID- 6676469 TI - Influence of chemical forms on iodine uptake by plant. PMID- 6676470 TI - Increase in the apparent sensitivity of HeLa cells on a membrane filter to ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 6676471 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in host after tumor irradiation. PMID- 6676472 TI - Promoting prevention. A discussion document prepared by a Working Party of the Royal College of General Practitioners. PMID- 6676473 TI - General practitioner hospitals. Report of a Working Party appointed by the Council of the Royal College of General Practitioners. PMID- 6676474 TI - Trends in childhood poisoning: a collaborative study 1970, 1975, 1980. AB - A collaborative study of 273 treated poisonings at three regional poison control centers showed a significant decrease in salicylism from 19% of all cases in 1970 to 9% in 1975 and 11% in 1980. A temporal correlation with safety packaging was also seen in the decrease in poisonings by household products from 36% and 42% of all treated poisonings in 1970 and 1975 to 21% in 1980. Poisonings by non salicylate medications increased from 45% to 68% of treated ingestions. Therapeutic mishaps were relatively constant at 27%, 20% and 20% of all poisonings by medications. In children under one year of age 59% of medicinal poisonings were therapeutic mishaps, significantly higher than the 27% incidence for ages 1 to 5 years. Therapeutic mishaps and ingestions of household products resulted in significantly longer hospitalizations than accidental ingestion of medications. Additional data from two other regional centers permitted analysis of a total of 47 cases of treated salicylism. Therapeutic mishaps showed a possible upward trend from 27% of salicylate poisonings in 1970 to 36% in 1980. Almost all of the therapeutic mishaps with salicylates involved repeated overdose; 18 of the 19 mishaps due to other medications were allergic reactions. PMID- 6676475 TI - Capacity of two forms of activated charcoal to adsorb nefopam in vitro and to reduce its toxicity in vivo. AB - The adsorption of nefopam hydrochloride to two different charcoals was studied in vitro at pH 1.2 and 7.4. Both forms of activated charcoal effectively adsorbed nefopam, but the adsorption was significantly (p less than 0.001) more complete to PX-21 than to Norit A and the neutral pH favored adsorption over the acid pH. The unadsorbed fraction increased steeply when the charcoal-to-nefopam ratio was decreased below 5. In mice, the administration of Norit A and PX-21 (1700 mg/kg) significantly (p less than 0.001) increased the acute LD50 of nefopam hydrochloride, by 4.3 fold and 5.8 fold, respectively. The calculated amounts of free drug in the gastrointestinal tract are in good agreement with the observed LD50 values without charcoal when the free fractions at pH 1.2 and the corresponding charcoal-to-nefopam ratios in vitro are used in the calculations. The antagonism of charcoal to nefopam toxicity was confirmed in rats, too. At charcoal-to-nefopam ratios higher than those used in the present study, an even more effective reduction of toxicity is obvious. Therefore, immediate oral administration of a high dose (50-100 g) of activated charcoal is highly recommended to prevent nefopam absorption in acute intoxications in man, too. PMID- 6676476 TI - Stroma-free methemoglobin solution as an antidote for cyanide poisoning: a preliminary study. AB - Effective treatment of cyanide poisoning requires rapid diagnosis, good supportive treatment and the use of a specific antidote. The currently available antidotes offer demonstrated efficacy along with significant potential adverse side effects. We have investigated an alternate approach to antidote therapy for cyanide poisoning by using Stroma-Free Methemoglobin Solution ( SFMS ). Rats injected with an LD100 intravenous dose of cyanide were treated with SFMS equal to 1.5% of their total body hemoglobin. There was a highly significant increase in the survival rate of the treated group compared to saline controls. The potential advantages of SFMS over current antidotes include an immediate onset of action, rapid elimination of cyanide from the body and a mode of action that doesn't compromise any of the patients' oxygen carrying capacity. SFMS shows promise as a significant adjunct in the treatment of cyanide poisoning. PMID- 6676477 TI - Studies on the venom of Oxyuranus microlepidotus. AB - The Australian Small-scaled Snake, Oxyuranus microlepidotus , recently rediscovered, is the world's most venomous snake, with a murine LD50 of 0.01 mg/kg. Recently developed immunological techniques, combined with a whole animal model, have enabled us to measure accurately the mass of venom actually injected by a striking snake. The venom of this species contains at least six identified protein fractions, and one or more of these possesses potent neurotoxic action. An initial assessment of the molecular weights of each of these is reported. This study describes field biting experiments applicable to potential human snake bite, and presents data concerning the injected venom:LD50 ratio which is an index of potential human lethality. This snake delivers an average mass of 17.3 mg in a strike, and the injected mass:LD50 ratio is 1730, the highest recorded for any snake. Comparative results for five other Elapidae whose venom contains potent neurotoxins are also presented. An average mass of 0.6 mg of venom is split on the skin surface during a strike, and 40% of this can be recovered within three hours after a simulated bite. As with other Elapidae studied to date, an adequate mass of venom remains on the skin for an accurate species diagnosis to be made in the case of human snake-bite. PMID- 6676478 TI - Physostigmine versus naloxone in heroin-overdose. AB - Two groups of 10 chronically heroin addicted patients who were admitted to the Emergency Ward because of hypoventilation and coma, were treated random- aselectively with naloxone, 3 micrograms kg-1 BW iv, or with physostigmine salicylate 0,04 mg kg-1 BW iv. Patients in both groups completely regained consciousness and breathed spontaneously, regularly and adequately within 10 minutes. One essential difference in the treatment was that physostigmine caused no signs of acute opiate withdrawal, the patients felt fine and stayed for further control, in contrast with naloxone where the patients felt bad and occasionally escaped prematurely from the ward. Another difference is that the beneficial effect of one dose of physostigmine is shorter lived than that of naloxone. Authors emphasise the fact that treatment of heroin overdose in an addict need not jeopardize the patient's well-being by a withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 6676479 TI - Ethchlorvynol ingestion: interpretation of blood concentrations and clinical findings. AB - Thirty-eight patients who ingested ethchlorvynol were seen at our institution over an 8.7 year period. Eleven involved ethchlorvynol alone ("pure") while the remainder included at least one other drug ("mixed"). Twenty-three of the patients were women. Six patients required hospitalization. Five patients were chronic users of the drug. Admission ethchlorvynol blood concentrations ranged from 3 to 46 mg/L ("pure") and from 3 to 75 mg/L ("mixed"). For the "pure" cases the most common physical findings were depressed level of consciousness (10 cases), dysarthria (7), mydriasis (6), nystagmus (6), areflexia (4), tachycardia (4), and hypotension, ataxia, and respiratory depression (2 cases each). Following "pure" ingestion, ethchlorvynol concentrations greater than 19 mg/L were usually associated with dysarthria, mydriasis, nystagmus, and tachycardia. When concentrations exceeded 38 mg/L, coma, areflexia, hypotension, and respiratory depression were generally noted as well. All patients recovered with supportive care alone. PMID- 6676480 TI - Gasoline injection. AB - Injection of petroleum distillates is rare. We recently cared for a man with a long history of drug abuse who attempted intravenous injection with gasoline into a right forearm vein in order to "get high." We believe he accomplished an intramuscular and subcutaneous injection of gasoline which resulted in a severe impairment of the right hand and forearm from damage to the right median, ulnar, and radial nerves. PMID- 6676481 TI - Effect of colchicine on rat small intestinal absorptive cells. I Formation of basolateral microvillus borders. AB - Treatment of rats with colchicine (0.5 mg/100 g of body weight) for more than 3 hr causes formation of microvillus borders along lateral and basal surfaces of absorptive cells in the small intestine. Morphologically, these strongly resemble the apical brush border inclusive of the terminal-web region. Formation of basolateral microvilli is restricted to mature absorptive cells. At 6 hr after administration of colchicine, 3.47% (+/- 1.94%) of the basolateral cell surfaces exhibit "implantation" of microvillus borders. The results show that colchicine induces formation of surface differentiations at lateral and basal surface regions that are restricted to the apical cell surface in controls. Redistribution of constituents of the plasma membrane from apical to basolateral membrane portions, as well as rearrangement in the organization of microfilaments can be considered to underlie formation of basolateral microvillus borders. From the antimicrotubular effect of colchicine it may be deduced that microtubules exert a regulative function in the formation of surface differentiations on absorptive cells of the small intestine and in the maintenance of the polarity of the cells. PMID- 6676482 TI - Effect of colchicine on rat small intestinal absorptive cells. II. Distribution of label after incorporation of [3H]fucose into plasma membrane glycoproteins. AB - By means of radioautography the influence was tested of various periods (5, 15, 30, 40 min, 2 hr) of pretreatment with colchicine, administered intraperitoneally to rats at a dosage of 0.5 mg/100 g of body weight, on the intracellular pathway of [3H]fucose in absorptive cells of the small intestine. Administration of colchicine for 30 min and longer time intervals causes delay in the insertion of [3H]fucose into the oligosaccharide chains of glycoconjugates in the Golgi apparatus, and results in redistribution of the label apparent over the different portions of the plasma membrane. In controls, at 2 and 4 hr after administration of [3H]fucose the apical plasma membrane is strongly labeled; 53.7 +/- 3.2% of the silver grains are recorded over apical regions of the plasma membrane that contrast to basolateral portions comprising 25.4 +/- 3.2% of the label. Colchicine causes equalization of the reaction of apical and basolateral regions of the plasma membrane: the number of silver grains attributable to the apical plasma membrane is reduced; following treatment with colchicine, apical portions of the plasma membrane comprise 31.6 +/- 1.8% of the silver grains, 38.6 +/- 3.8% are attributable to basolateral membrane regions. The colchicine-induced equalization of the density of label of apical and basolateral regions of the plasma membrane, in addition to the occurrence of basolateral microvillus borders (demonstrated in the companion paper), suggests microtubules to be important in the maintenance of the polar organization of small intestinal absorptive cells. PMID- 6676483 TI - [Present status of tumor antigen testing]. PMID- 6676484 TI - [Problems associated with the progression of the pathologic process of gastric cancer]. PMID- 6676485 TI - [Serum lipids and lipoproteins during therapy in a patient with familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 6676486 TI - [Study on N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in urine. I. Methodological study and normal values]. PMID- 6676487 TI - [Transient bisalbuminemia in patients with high blood urea nitrogen]. PMID- 6676488 TI - [Evaluation of HDL cholesterol by various methods using commercial control serum and freeze-dried sera prepared at our laboratory]. PMID- 6676489 TI - [Drug interference of a chloride-selective electrode]. PMID- 6676490 TI - [Simple modification of erythrocyte membrane lipid analysis with TLC-FID]. PMID- 6676491 TI - [Methods for estimating the normal range using density function]. PMID- 6676492 TI - [Notes on handling the clinical specimens from patients with AIDS or similar conditions]. PMID- 6676493 TI - [Change of reserve bilirubin binding capacity during exchange blood transfusion]. PMID- 6676494 TI - [Ultrastructural study of trichogenic trichoblastoma]. PMID- 6676495 TI - [Case of skin ulcer due to influenza HA vaccination]. PMID- 6676496 TI - [Hyperfunction of cutaneous fibroblasts in macular amyloidosis--electron microscopy study]. PMID- 6676497 TI - [Dilation changes of lymphatic vessels observed around cutaneous tumors]. PMID- 6676498 TI - [Immunological analysis of melanoma specific antigen. (I). In-vitro induction of melanoma-antigen specific killer T lymphocytes in primary immune response]. PMID- 6676499 TI - [Tissue culture of neurofibroma]. PMID- 6676500 TI - [Systemic plasmacytosis--syndrome of multiple peculiar skin eruptions, lymphadenopathy and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 6676501 TI - [Case of isolated epidermolytic acanthoma--special reference to electron microscopic observation of virus like particles]. PMID- 6676502 TI - [Ultrastructural changes of skin nerve in Alexander's disease]. PMID- 6676503 TI - Effect of diethylcarbamazine citrate on Angiostrongylus malaysiensis infection in rats. AB - The aim of the study was to observe the effect of diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) on Angiostrongylus malaysiensis infection in albino rats. An attempt was made to vary the dose of DEC and treat infected animals at the larval and adult stages of infection. The doses were varied with an aim at finding an effective dosage. Animals were treated also during the pre-infection period to observe if the drug had any prophylactic properties. The results obtained show that DEC given after infection was effective only when its administration was initiated on day 42 of the infection corresponding to the mature adult stage of the parasite. In addition, it had some prophylactic activity against the infection. PMID- 6676504 TI - Temperature-dependent growth restriction in measles vaccine strains. AB - Temperature-dependent growth restriction was studied with the measles vaccine strains licensed in Japan in comparison with their parental wild strains. Plaquing efficiency was compared at various temperatures from 35 to 40 C. AIK-C strain derived from Edmonston wild strain was temperature-sensitive with the 39 C shutoff temperature. No significant restriction of growth was found for other vaccine strains, i.e., Schwarz, FF-8, and CAM-70, and for their parental wild strains, i.e., Edmonston and Tanabe . A paradoxical feature was found for FF-8 strain; in spite of undiminished plaquing efficiency at 40 C, the growth in the fluid medium was markedly depressed at 39 C or above. PMID- 6676505 TI - Adenomatous intestinal hyperplasia in guinea pigs associated with Campylobacter like bacteria. AB - Adenomatous intestinal hyperplasia was diagnosed in two dams and five young guinea pigs. The pathological condition was characterized by diarrhea and the thickened, rugose jejunum and ileum. Adenomatous proliferation of immature crypt epithelial cells was observed primarily in the ileum and the distal part of the jejunum. Immature epithelial cells contained various numbers of intracytoplasmic, non-membrane bound, curved organisms resembling Campylobacter sp. bacteria. PMID- 6676507 TI - [Review of Matsukura's theory concerning the inheritance of finger-print patterns (II). Family study]. PMID- 6676506 TI - Species and strain differences in sensitivity to Toxoplasma infection among laboratory rodents. AB - Different susceptibilities to Toxoplasma infection were shown among various inbred and outbred laboratory rodents. On the basis of several criteria, the animals can be divided into three groups: (i) highly sensitive (S) mice, Syrian hamsters and Chinese hamsters; (ii) moderately sensitive (M) Mongolian gerbils and mastomyses ; and (iii) resistant (R) rats and Korean striped field mice. S and M hosts supported intraperitoneal growth of the parasites and died of acute infection. M hosts showed prolonged time to death and low fatality as compared with S hosts. Some R hosts died only when they had received an extremely large size of inoculum, accompanying poor intraperitoneal proliferation of the parasite. WM/Ms and WKY rats markedly resisted the infection. These hosts were considered to be useful models for studying infection of and immunity to toxoplasmosis. PMID- 6676508 TI - [Blood alcohol level in the cases of medico-legal autopsy: its relation to the cause of death and age]. PMID- 6676509 TI - [Personal identification of human bloodstains by crossed electroimmunodiffusion]. PMID- 6676510 TI - [Extraction of methamphetamine and amphetamine in blood and urine by Extrelut column]. PMID- 6676511 TI - Changes in organ blood volumes during haemorrhagic and anaphylactic shock in rats. PMID- 6676512 TI - Anaerobic metabolism in dogs after organismal death. PMID- 6676513 TI - [Evaluation of myocardial involvement in Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy with thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging]. PMID- 6676514 TI - [Case of testosterone-producing adrenal cortical adenoma]. PMID- 6676515 TI - [Basic and clinical evaluation of serum thyroglobulin measurement by thyroglobulin "Eiken" radioimmunoassay kit]. PMID- 6676516 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of serum free T3 radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 6676517 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of serum free T3 by Amerlex free T3 radioimmunoassay kit compared with equilibrium dialysis and free T3 index]. PMID- 6676518 TI - [Asynchronous left ventricular filling in patients with angina pectoris: assessment by multiple gated blood pool imaging]. PMID- 6676520 TI - [Quantitative analysis of regional left ventricular wall motion abnormality by phase image: comparison with ultrasonic cardiotomography]. PMID- 6676519 TI - [Analysis of left ventricular wall motion during early diastole in patients with coronary artery disease]. PMID- 6676521 TI - [Regional distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratio in patients with interstitial pneumonia using Kr-81m]. PMID- 6676522 TI - [Basic and clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary function by 99mTc-pyridoxyl-5 methyl-tryptophan]. PMID- 6676523 TI - [Assessment of bone scintigram showing multifocal accumulations in benign bone lesions]. PMID- 6676524 TI - [Studies on a solid phase CEA radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 6676525 TI - [Measurement of free triiodothyronine in serum by the use of corning free triiodothyronine RIA kit--correlations to other thyroid functions and serum levels of free triiodothyronine in various diseases]. PMID- 6676526 TI - [Acoustic study of the lung sounds]. PMID- 6676527 TI - [Evaluation of diagnostic digital radiography of the chest in comparison with conventional chest x-ray films]. PMID- 6676528 TI - [Clinical evaluation of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid in diffuse interstitial lung disease]. PMID- 6676529 TI - [Distribution of the current within the hemithorax based on clinical results measured with impedance pneumography]. PMID- 6676530 TI - [Diagnosis by isotopes--respiratory function tests using stable isotopes]. PMID- 6676532 TI - [Effect of pentobarbital sodium on tracheal pressure increase induced by vagus nerve stimulation in anesthetized dogs]. PMID- 6676531 TI - [Electron microscopic observations of the lung in vitamin E deficient hamsters]. PMID- 6676533 TI - [Magnifying peripheral pulmonary wedge angiography in chronic obstructive lung disease]. PMID- 6676534 TI - [Catamenial pneumothorax--classification and diagnostic criteria]. PMID- 6676535 TI - [A male case of lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis associated with Sjogren's syndrome presenting obstructive ventilatory defect]. PMID- 6676536 TI - [A case of diffuse, granulomatous interstitial pneumonia due to tatoo]. PMID- 6676537 TI - [A case of opportunistic Legionnaires' disease with primary lung cancer]. PMID- 6676538 TI - [A case of pulmonary dirofilariasis]. PMID- 6676539 TI - [CO pulmonary diffusing capacity]. PMID- 6676540 TI - [Oxygen transport to the tissue]. PMID- 6676541 TI - [Precipitating antibodies to farmer's lung antigens in a dairy farming area in Hokkaido]. PMID- 6676542 TI - [Computed tomography of pulmonary nodules]. PMID- 6676543 TI - [Components of pleural surface pressure: theoretical study with a thorax-lung model]. PMID- 6676544 TI - [Percutaneous lung aspiration in bacterial pneumonia]. PMID- 6676545 TI - [Case of diffuse pulmonary hamartoangiomyomatosis with bilateral pneumothorax]. PMID- 6676546 TI - [Autopsied case of pulmonary tumor embolization presenting a clinical picture of subacute cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6676547 TI - [Case of rheumatoid arthritis with high fever, interstitial pneumonia and bilateral pleurisy associated with asbestosis]. PMID- 6676548 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of a case of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis caused by Mucor-like fungus]. PMID- 6676549 TI - [Case of scimitar syndrome with pulmonary sequestration]. PMID- 6676551 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at the 15th annual meeting of the Japan Society of Smooth Muscle Research (I)]. PMID- 6676550 TI - [Symposium: Humoral regulation of smooth muscle organs]. PMID- 6676552 TI - [Analysis on lymphocyte electrophoretic mobility pattern in urogenital cancer patients]. PMID- 6676553 TI - [The study of the sperm transport in the human genital tract-- pharmacological responses to autonomic drugs in vitro]. PMID- 6676554 TI - [Biochemical marker of malignant bladder tumors--polyamine concentration in tissues of bladder cancer]. PMID- 6676555 TI - [Percutaneous extraction of urinary stone]. PMID- 6676556 TI - [Postoperative evaluation and diagnosis of a case with bladder neck contracture by combined ultrasonotomography and urodynamic monitoring]. PMID- 6676557 TI - [Three dimensional urethral pressure profile. II. Basic consideration of the catheter with only one eye and comparison with the catheter with the tip transducer by Millar]. PMID- 6676558 TI - [Early effects of preoperative radiation therapy for invasive bladder cancer]. PMID- 6676559 TI - [Survival of patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma: comparative study of prognosis in various stages]. PMID- 6676560 TI - [Effect of preoperative renal arterial embolization on prognosis of renal cell carcinoma]. PMID- 6676561 TI - [Endoscopic surgery in pediatric urology]. PMID- 6676562 TI - [Testicular blood flow changes of rats after treatment with cadmium chloride]. PMID- 6676563 TI - [Phagocytic function of urinary leukocytes]. PMID- 6676564 TI - [Management of micturitional disturbance in the patients with Shy-Drager syndrome. Part 1. Relation to the activity of daily living]. PMID- 6676565 TI - [Management of micturitional disturbance in the patients with Shy-Drager syndrome. Part 2: Results of self catheterisation, uropharmacotherapy and transurethral resection of bladder neck]. PMID- 6676566 TI - Management of non-seminomatous testis cancer. PMID- 6676567 TI - [Systemic hemodynamics in acute renal failure]. PMID- 6676568 TI - [Urodynamics. X. Clinical significance of uroflowmetry simultaneous with sphincter electromyography]. PMID- 6676569 TI - [Significance of urinary hyaluronate assays in the detection of bladder carcinoma. I. Production of hyaluronate by established cell lines from human bladder carcinoma in vitro]. PMID- 6676570 TI - [Significance of urinary hyaluronate assays in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma. II. Hyaluronate in patients with bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 6676571 TI - [Urine transport function of the ureteropelvic system--evaluation of urine bolus volume in congenital hydronephrosis]. PMID- 6676572 TI - [Changes of the renal function after permanent urinary diversion]. PMID- 6676573 TI - [Clinical management of carcinoma in situ of the bladder. I. Cases of total cystectomy]. PMID- 6676574 TI - [Urolithiasis in elderly people--urolithiasis in Tokyo Geriatric Hospital during the period 1972 to 1978]. PMID- 6676575 TI - [Male sexual impotence. XIV. Clinical evaluation of stamp technic for the method of discriminating between organic and functional impotence]. PMID- 6676576 TI - [Urethral occurrence of bladder cancer following cystectomy]. PMID- 6676577 TI - [One-stage repair of severe penoscrotal hypospadias]. PMID- 6676578 TI - [Case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder]. PMID- 6676579 TI - [Malignant interstitial cell tumor: a case report and review]. PMID- 6676580 TI - [On renal function and structure in ureterovesical junction anomalies--with special reference to the genesis of renal dysplasia]. PMID- 6676582 TI - [Evaluation of the pelvi-ureteral function through a new urine bolusmetry. II. Simultaneous measurement of urine bolus volume and electroureterogram]. PMID- 6676581 TI - [Clinical evaluation of total cystectomy on patients with bladder cancer]. PMID- 6676584 TI - [Three-dimensional urethral pressure profile. I. Experimental study in male and female dogs]. PMID- 6676583 TI - [Male sexual impotence. Report 15. Blood levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin in impotent male]. PMID- 6676585 TI - [Function of autonomic receptors in the canine proximal urethra--a comparison of in vitro and in vivo experimental results in a pharmacological investigation]. PMID- 6676586 TI - [Endocrinological studies on pathogenesis of urolithiasis. IV. Pathogenesis of the intestinal-calcium-absorptive hypercalcemia]. PMID- 6676587 TI - [Clinical study of hypercalcemia: oral calcium tolerance test for the diagnosis of hypercalcemia in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 6676588 TI - [Oxalate metabolism in urolithiasis. 1. Determination of urinary oxalate by high performance liquid anion exchange chromatography]. PMID- 6676589 TI - [Management of chronic spinal cord injury patients with prazosin]. PMID- 6676590 TI - [Human urinary trypsin inhibitor. II. Fundamental and clinical investigation of radioimmunoassay of human urinary trypsin inhibitor]. PMID- 6676592 TI - [The study of pituitary and adrenal cortical hormones before and after surgery]. PMID- 6676591 TI - [Human urinary trypsin inhibitor. III. Investigation of plasma protein which reacts with an antiserum against urinary trypsin inhibitor]. PMID- 6676593 TI - [Detection of circulating immune complexes and their blocking effect on cell mediated cytotoxicity in patients with urological cancers]. PMID- 6676594 TI - [Case of acute renal failure due to extrinsic ureteral obstruction induced by pelvic endometriosis]. PMID- 6676596 TI - [Tuberculosis in dialysis patients. 11. Characteristics of kidney and urinary tract tuberculosis]. PMID- 6676595 TI - [Case of renal cell carcinoma causing Budd-Chiari syndrome by tumor thrombus of inferior vena cava]. PMID- 6676597 TI - [Tuberculosis in lower lung field]. PMID- 6676599 TI - [Prostaglandins in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 6676600 TI - [Epidemiologic approach to hemoglobinopathies in Morocco]. PMID- 6676598 TI - [Case of chronic empyema with interesting healing processes by surgical treatment]. PMID- 6676601 TI - [Fracture of the neck of the 5th metacarpus. Apropos of 36 cases]. PMID- 6676602 TI - [Evaluation of the routine determination of the isoniazid acetylation phenotype using a microbiologic technic]. PMID- 6676603 TI - [Super-selective vagotomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Preliminary results in 65 cases]. PMID- 6676605 TI - [Effect of Staphylococcus aureus lipase on granulocyte chemotaxis]. PMID- 6676604 TI - Effects of systemic and intracerebroventricular domperidone treatment on striatal and hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons. AB - In this study we compared the effects of systemic administration of haloperidol (HAL), a typical dopaminergic antagonist and of domperidone (DOM), a dopamine (DA) receptor blocker which does not cross the blood brain barrier but has a potency similar to HAL at DA receptors, on hypothalamic and striatal DA system turnover (evaluated by means of HVA and DOPAC levels) and prolactin (PRL) secretion in male rats. In accordance with previous data, we found that HAL (1 mg/kg, i.p.) raised DOPAC and HVA levels whereas DOM (1 mg/kg, i.p.) did not alter DA turnover in striatum. Both DOM and HAL affected the hypothalamic DA system, increasing DOPAC levels in a pattern similar to that observed in PRL secretion. An intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of DOM and HAL (4 micrograms/10 microliters/rat) was then made to investigate its effect on DA turnover in this experimental condition at striatal and hypothalamic level. DOM stimulated DA turnover a little in the striatum though its action was delayed; no effects were seen on HVA and DOPAC concentrations in the hypothalamus at any of the tested times. On the other hand, an equal amount of HAL induced an increase in striatal HVA and DOPAC levels, with no significant effects on hypothalamic DA metabolites. These results show that systematically administered DOM and HAL may affect the hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular DA system, probably acting through PRL release. Furthermore DOM, even when injected icv, shows only weak antidopaminergic action on DA turnover in both central areas. PMID- 6676606 TI - [Serological response of rabbits to low doses of Mycoplasma antigen]. PMID- 6676607 TI - [Etiopathogenesis and sequelae of viral neuroinfections in children. II. Etiology and clinical aspects]. PMID- 6676608 TI - [Humoral and cellular immunity to selected viral antigens in children from the Belchatow Industrial Region]. PMID- 6676609 TI - [Total liver failure in the scintigram of alcoholic liver cirrhosis]. AB - Case reports are given of 3 female patients suffering from advanced, hypertrophic alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver with portal hypertension. The livers of these patients were not demonstrable by scintigraphy. The patients died a few months afterwards from liver failure. This syndrome - failure of the liver to show up in scintigraphy - may have diagnostic and prognostic implications; it may be caused by deficient blood circulation and by reduced phagocytic capacity of the kupfer cell system. PMID- 6676611 TI - [Sonographic follow-up of endoscopic papillotomy, percutaneous transhepatic drainage and endoscopically implanted bile duct prosthesis]. AB - Normal transpapillary bile flow after EPT with or without implantation of bile duct draining catheters can be checked by sonographic demonstration of air in the bile ducts and/or normal calibers of the bile duct system. The position of percutaneous transhepatic catheters within the liver can be shown by sonography after insufflation of air into the catheter in most cases; this will allow to ascertain the correct location in the bile duct system or the dislocation of the catheter into the abdominal cavity. After EPT, PTD or endoscopic implantation of bile duct draining catheters sonography should be the first line procedure in controlling the success of the intervention before x-ray examination or endoscopy are applied. PMID- 6676610 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis and therapy of papillary tumors]. AB - Endoscopic papillotomy (EPT) allows biopsy of tumors of the Vater's papilla using coils or forceps. EPT is a preoperative diagnostic procedure in patients with carcinoma of the papilla, who can be operated upon, a palliative procedure in patients which cannot be operated upon anymore, and a curative procedure in patients with benign tumors which cannot be operated upon because of general risk factors. EPT is also a preparatory procedure for internal drainage of the bile duct system by endoscopy. PMID- 6676612 TI - [Gallstone ileus]. AB - 15 cases of gallstone ileus were seen during the period 1951-1981 at the 2nd Surgical Department of the University of Vienna which makes up 1,3% of a total of 1 162 cases of ileus during this time period. A review of this condition is warranted, because of the variability of clinical symptoms, the difficulty of establishing a diagnosis based on clinical and radiological findings, and because of letality (26%) in our patient group. Care has to be taken not to overlook air in the bile ducts on abdominal x-ray; the possibility of a gallstone ileus has always to be considered especially in cases with a history of cholelithiasis. Surgical therapy consists in enterotomy, removal of the stone and drainage. Closing of the fistula usually is unnecessary since in most cases the fistula tends to occlude spontaneously. PMID- 6676613 TI - [Causes and diagnostic criteria of hepatic coma--an analysis of 560 cases]. AB - 560 patients with hepatic coma were treated during the years 1958 to 1982 in Homburg and Bad Kissingen . 82 patients had an endogeneous and 478 an exogeneous hepatic coma. Endogeneous hepatic coma was caused most frequently by fulminant virus hepatitis, intoxication, and hepatorenal syndrome accompanying serum hepatitis. Exogeneous hepatic coma in patients with cirrhosis of the liver was caused in most cases by gastrointestinal bleeding, by a diet too high in protein, or by excessive diuresis. Early clinical symptoms are changes in writing tests and ability to concentrate, whereas hepatic foetor occurs in coma stage III and IV. Clinical chemistry findings pointing to imminent hepatic coma are increase of arterial ammonia in exogeneous hepatic coma, and increase of free phenols in endogeneous hepatic coma. The increase of prothrombin time is prognostic for imminent hepatic coma in both types. Prognosis of endogeneous hepatic coma is still rather bad; 87% of the patients suffering from it died; in exogeneous hepatic coma prognosis has improved for stage I and II in the last 23 years, whereas however the total prognosis for all 4 stages is still unchanged, letality being 55%. PMID- 6676614 TI - [The rotor syndrome]. AB - Case reports of 4 patients with Rotor syndrome are given, including clinical chemistry values for liver function, BSP-test, histology, as well as sequential scintigraphy results with 131I-BSP. All results were normal, except serum bilirubin, which was increased, conjugated bilirubin making up for the largest part of the increase. The BSP-curve showed elevated 45-minute-values and liver scintigraphy disturbed hepatic uptake and storage of BSP. Therapy with phenobarbital led to a decrease of serum levels of bilirubin and BSP-retention. PMID- 6676615 TI - [Granulosa cell tumor (Abrikosov's tumor) of the esophagus]. AB - Granular cell tumors (Abrikossoff's tumor) are rather rare tumors of the esophagus, which are benign in most cases. 59 tumors have been described in 49 patients. Therapy of choice is surgical removal. Periodic endoscopic follow up may substitute for surgery only in patients, which are considered to be high risk during surgery, and whose tumors are small, asymptomatic and benign. Removal by endoscopic means should be performed only in selected cases, that is if tumors are small and removable by biopsy forceps or if they are quite prominent. PMID- 6676616 TI - [Sequelae of secondary jejunum interposition in gastrectomized patients]. AB - Secondary interposition of the jejunum was performed in 45 patients who had 2/3 gastrectomy before. An additional a selective gastric vagotomy was done. All patients had a follow-up examination after 2 months to 6 years. Secondary disturbances like dumpingsyndrome were not observed. In 30 cases, which underwent sequential scintigraphic control examination no duodeno- gastral reflux could be observed. In 2 out of the 45 patients florid ulcers could be diagnosed by gastroscopy, in 3 of them silent ulcers. PMID- 6676617 TI - [Duodenal wall cysts and diseases of the pancreas]. AB - Examination of 124 pancreatico-duodenal preparations obtained during surgery and of 250 pancreatic preparations at post-mortem has shown, that patients with chronic pancreatitis do have rather frequently cysts of the duodenal wall (38,5%). These cysts have a diameter of 2-100 mm. They are located in most cases in the submucosal layer as well as in the muscularis propria layer of the duodenal wall between pylorus and papilla. They lead to stenoses of the duodenum in 27% of the cases and they may be considered as a drainage barrier for pancreatic juice in 48.6% of the cases. They are lined with a single layer cylindrical or cubical epithelium; below the epithelium there are located rather frequently tubular glands (49.1%) and sometimes residues of Brunner's glands (7%) as well as ectopical pancreatic tissue (8.8%). The type of epithelial lining points to the fact, that these cysts may be considered as heterotopic formations of pancreatico-ductal tissue. On comparing the groups of patients with chronic pancreatitis with and without cysts of the duodenal wall it turned out that there was no difference between these groups in regard to histology of the disease, alcohol abuse, age and sex. Single cases described in the literature and 4 own cases show however, that chronic pancreatitis may be caused by primary cysts of the duodenal wall. PMID- 6676618 TI - [Forms of cavernous hemangiomas of the intestine]. AB - Cavernous hemangiomas of the gastrointestinal tract are considered to be vascular hamartomas from the point of view of pathogenesis. They occur as diffusely infiltrating tumors or as polypous circumscript tumors. Two case reports are given, and histopathology, pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of this disease are discussed. One patient had a diffusely infiltrating cavernous hemangioma of the rectum which presented as a circumrectal hemangioma of usual size and form; the angioarchitecture of this tumor could be analyzed. It may be speculated that the extensive vascularisation of the intestinal wall would have enhanced proliferation of extrarectal adipose tissue by way of improving metabolic conditions. This case as well as the other case reported would fit into the hypothesis that this type of tumor is pathogenetically a vascular hamartoma also taking into account the angiolipomatous component. PMID- 6676619 TI - [A new micromethod for the determination of ammonia concentrations in whole blood and plasma]. AB - Ammonia concentrations were measured in 152 plasma samples taken from patients with liver cirrhosis or from intensive care patients. For each sample, a new reflectometric procedure (AC-System) as well as the enzymatic method (Monotest) were used. There was a high and significant correlation between the values obtained with the two methods (r = 0.98, p less than or equal to 0.001). Ammonia determination by means of the reflectometric procedure can also be done in whole blood. PMID- 6676621 TI - [Senile dementia and the cholinergic system: a pharmacologic proposal]. PMID- 6676620 TI - [Gnosias, phasias and praxias: critical review and proposal for a new method of clinical evaluation]. PMID- 6676622 TI - [Stuporous amentia: a case precipitated by particular events. Uncertain water supply]. PMID- 6676623 TI - [Amineptin. Description of a case of acute iatrogenic hepatopathy]. PMID- 6676624 TI - Case report: massive osteolysis in a case of rheumatoid arthritis: clinical, histologic and biochemical findings. AB - A 54-year-old male with a 10-year history of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis subsequently developed generalized osteoporosis, multiple cervical spine subluxation, vertebral collapses, and massive osteolysis of the humeral and femoral heads and carpal bones. These lesions were accompanied by neurologic manifestations in both the upper and lower extremities. Bone matrix collagen and noncollagenous proteins in this rare syndrome were analyzed. The pathogenesis of this rare phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 6676625 TI - Adult osteosclerosis. AB - Quantitative bone histology was carried out in five osteosclerotic adults. The bone was extremely hard in all patients, and open biopsy was usually required. One patient, aged 18 years, presented with hypoplastic anemia, and the most probable explanation for the osteosclerosis is a marrow stem cell defect leading to defective osteoclasts. Another had the dominant form of osteopetrosis. Her bone contained cartilage remnants, and there were many large, morphologically abnormal osteoclasts, which lacked normal cytoplasmic acid phosphatase activity. The third patient had chronic renal failure and osteomalacia; here the increased bone mass might have resulted from an inability of normal osteoclasts to resorb bone, due to the surface coating of osteoid, though an earlier increase of bone formation cannot be excluded. The fourth patient, who suffered from systemic mastocytosis, had high turnover bone, with greatly increased bone formation. The fifth patient, with fluorosis of bone, also had increased bone formation and resorption, the process being much more pronounced in the head of her pathologically fractured femur than it was in the iliac crest. In this patient some osteoclasts had reduced acid phosphatase activity and long cytoplasmic extensions, both changes similar to those observed in diphosphonate-treated animals. Very diverse processes can result in the increased cancellous bone mass producing the radiographic appearance of diffuse osteosclerosis. PMID- 6676627 TI - Back-scattered electron imaging of skeletal tissues. AB - The use of solid-state back-scattered electron (BSE) detectors in the scanning electron microscopic study of skeletal tissues has been investigated. To minimize the topographic element in the image, flat samples and a ring detector configuration with the sample at normal incidence to the beam and the detector are used. Very flat samples are prepared by diamond micromilling or diamond polishing plastic-embedded tissue. Density discrimination in the image is so good that different density phases within mineralized bone can be imaged. For unembedded spongy bone, cut surfaces can be discriminated from natural surfaces by a topographic contrast mechanism. BSE imaging also presents advantages for unembedded samples with rough topography, such as anorganic preparations of the mineralization zone in cartilage, which give rise to severe charging problems with conventional secondary electron imaging. PMID- 6676626 TI - Matrix vesicle calcification in rat epiphyseal growth plate cartilage prepared anhydrously for electron microscopy. AB - The preparation of mineralizing tissues for electron microscopy by methods that involve the use of aqueous solvents may result in translocation and/or removal of mineral, leading to the possible erroneous interpretation of initial calcifying loci. The failure of a recent cryoultramicrotomy study to detect a mineral phase associated with matrix vesicles raised doubts about the role of the matrix vesicle in initial mineralization and prompted us to reexamine the ultrastructure of calcifying cartilage using three different anhydrous preparatory techniques. Matrix vesicles or structures similar in profile and location were identified in rat epiphyseal growth plate cartilages that had been subjected to freeze substitution, cryoultramicrotomy, or ethylene glycol fixation. Furthermore, mineral deposits, as confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray analysis, were observed within or in close association with the matrix vesicles in the extracellular matrix of the growth plate cartilage by all three methods. No evidence of mineral deposition at other sites preceding matrix vesicle calcification was found. Our studies support the conclusion of many investigations that matrix vesicles are the initial site of growth plate calcification. PMID- 6676628 TI - Plasmids in Vibrio parahemolyticus strains isolated in Japan and Bangladesh with special reference to different distributions. AB - We surveyed plasmids in naturally occurring Vibrio parahemolyticus strains isolated in Japan and Bangladesh. Among the strains isolated in Japan, about half of the strains isolated from stools of patients of domestic diarrhea outbreaks as well as of travelers returning from East Asia were found to have plasmids, but no strains from foods had plasmids. In contrast, among the strains isolated in Bangladesh, none of the four strains isolated from patients had plasmids, but two out of eight strains isolated from water had plasmids, suggesting that plasmids are common in strains from the water in Bangladesh. All plasmids so far reported in V. parahemolyticus were detected in strains isolated from stools of patients. Incidences of plasmids in this organism were not so high in either area. In Japan, all plasmids were detected in strains from human intestines at 37 C, but in Bangladesh, where the temperature is around 30-40 C, the plasmids were detected in strains from the natural environment. These results suggested the possibility that these plasmids can come from different bacteria under rather high temperatures and that incidences of plasmids are influenced by the incidences of plasmids in bacteria present in the vicinity of V. parahemolyticus strains. None of these plasmids were found to have any relation to the biological characters tested. PMID- 6676629 TI - A selective medium for isolation and presumptive identification of the Bacteriodes fragilis group. AB - A new selective medium, Bacteroides fragilis ammonium-sulfate gentamicin (BFAG) agar, for isolation and presumptive identification of the Bacteroides fragilis group is presented in this paper. This semisynthetic medium includes 0.2 g of ammonium sulfate, 0.7 g of lactose, 10 mg of gentamicin, 0.1 mg of aminobenzylpenicillin, 60 units of bacitracin, 20 mg of sodium cholate and 1 mg of sodium azide per 100 ml of medium. Stock cultures of the B. fragilis group grew well on this medium. None of the other 126 gram-positive or negative strains belonging to 40 aerobic or 45 anaerobic species tested grew on this medium. Three of the seven specimens in the clinical trials yielded colonies of only the B. fragilis group on BFAG agar plates. Also BFAG agar plates inoculated with human feces and contents of the alimentary tract (stomach, small intestine, cecum and colon) of mice gave rise to colonies of only the B. fragilis group. The high selectivity and good plating efficiency of BFAG agar enabled us to isolate the B. fragilis group rapidly from various clinical specimens. PMID- 6676630 TI - [The effects of surgical intervention and removal of the primary tumor, and the effectiveness of Corynebacterium parvum on metastatic tumor proliferation]. AB - The effects of surgical intervention and removal of the primary tumor, and the effectiveness of Corynebacterium parvum (Cp) on the proliferation of metastatic tumor tissue were investigated by using autoradiography to follow post-operative changes in the 3H-thymidine labelling rate of metastatic tissue in an experimental model of metastasis in mice. In addition, the delayed hypersensitivity reaction and the cytotoxicity (ADCC, NK) of lung cells were studied, to investigate the immune capacity of the host. The effect of surgical intervention on the proliferation of metastatic tumor tissue was only transitory, while removal of the primary tumor caused the continuous proliferation of remnant foci. This indicated that the primary tumor controlled the metastatic proliferation. C. parvum is an effective immunomodulator ; hence, when given before removal of the primary focus, it inhibited the formation and the continuing proliferation of remnant metastatic foci, and maintained the immune capacity of the host. PMID- 6676631 TI - [A study on carbohydrate metabolism in surgical patients with special reference to changes of plasma glucagon levels]. AB - The effect of surgery on plasma glucagon levels was studied in forty patients divided into three groups (major, moderate and minor stress groups) according to the severity of surgical stress. In the major and the moderate stress groups, significant increases of plasma glucagon levels were noted during surgery. In these groups, plasma glucagon levels also increased during the first to fourth postoperative days. There seemed to be a correlation between the amount of the increase and the severity of surgical stress. In the minor stress groups, no significant postoperative increase of plasma glucagon levels was noted. On the second postoperative day, the plasma glucagon levels of the moderate stress group were decreased by intravenous administration of several kinds of sugars such as glucose, fructose, xylitol, sorbitol and maltose. The most marked decrease was seen during glucose infusion. And the decreases were continued for two hours after infusion of fructose and maltose, respectively. The results indicate that the severity of surgical stress had a direct effect on the amount of intra- and postoperative increases of plasma glucagon levels. The mechanism of hyperglucagonaemia in surgical patients was also discussed. PMID- 6676632 TI - [Fine needle aspiration cytology of 637 thyroid nodules]. AB - Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed in the preoperative evaluation of 637 thyroid nodules. Cytological findings in benign and malignant tumor were classified and compared. In 514 cases in which cells were sampled, accuracy rate, false negative rate and false positive rate of cytology was 88.0, 7.0 and 4.1%, respectively. The corresponding figures of clinical diagnosis were 82.3, 13.0 and 4.1%, respectively. Cytological diagnosis was thus more accurate than clinical diagnosis. As the cause of erroneous diagnosis, association between cancer and benign tumor was seen frequently in 24 cases, followed by follicular carcinoma without nuclear atypia in 7 cases. Among 123 cases in which cells were not sampled, cystic degeneration of cancer lesion itself was found in 7 cases (6 of them had papillary carcinoma). Even when cystic fluid was aspirated, cystic formation of papillary carcinoma should always be considered. Intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusion appeared in papillary carcinoma (117/140), follicular carcinoma (8/20), anaplastic carcinoma (1/8) and medullary carcinoma (1/3), but none in benign tumor. Among other cytological findings, multinucleated cell, nuclear atypia, coarse granular chromatin, papillary cell arrangement and hypercellularity frequently appeared in malignant tumor. The complications related to fine needle aspiration were not seen except for subcutaneous hemorrhage. Fine needle aspiration cytology made it possible to predict the histological type and proved to be useful in planning for the preoperative therapy. PMID- 6676633 TI - [Analysis of intraluminal flow velocity profile in peripheral arterial reconstruction--with special reference to the effect of abnormal flow wave on postoperative thrombosis formation]. AB - Normal and abnormal flow wave forms electromagnetically determined in the reconstructed peripheral arteries were analysed in terms of luminal velocity profile using a model pump system "Flow Wave Form Simulation Pump" which was designed and constructed by us. In the blood flow with normal flow wave, the velocity gradient in the limited layer adjacent to the wall at the straight as well as dilatated or constricted part of the conduit was found to become larger with formation of a boundary layer. In addition, a respective fluctuation on velocity, including reversal stream during the phase of cardiac diastole, was found to be characteristic in a cardiac cycle. In contrast, in the flow with abnormal wave, the velocity in the layer adjacent to the wall was always stagnant with little alteration in velocity gradient during each phase of a cardiac cycle. A stagnation of flow velocity in the layer adjacent to the wall would be a source in facility of platelet deposition on the luminal surface of the reconstructed artery, and such would lead to vascular occlusion. Accordingly, it was highly considered that the flow wave form is a useful indicator to assess the outcome of the reconstructive surgery since the hemodynamic property of the reconstructed artery is reflected in the electromagnetically determined flow wave form. PMID- 6676635 TI - [Successful treatment in an adult case of congenital esophagobronchial fistula]. AB - A case of congenital esophagobronchial fistula in a 46-year-old woman was described. The patient had presented with repeated attacks of pulmonary infection from her childhood and had been diagnosed pneumonia at least five or six times after the age of 18 years. Preoperative examinations including esophagogram by barium swallow revealed the existence of a fistula between middle thoracic esophagus and left B6 bronchus. The fistula was recognized as Type II of Braimbridge and Keith's classification, and successfully resected with left lower pulmonary lobe. Sixty-eight cases with congenital esophagobronchial fistula in adult including our own case have been reported in Japanese literature and about 70 cases in the literature of western countries. From the analysis of these cases, diagnostic basis on congenital origin of the fistula, useful diagnostic methods, types of the fistula and appropriate surgical procedures were discussed. PMID- 6676634 TI - [Clinical evaluation of transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement for lower limb ischemia]. AB - Transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) of superficial layer of the foot at 44 degrees C was studied preoperatively in 33 patients (38 legs) with arteriosclerosis (ASO) or thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO). The cases were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 3 legs, amputated. The second group consisted of 35 legs, not amputated but receiving such treatments as arterial bypass, lumbar sympathectomy or conservative therapy. The tcPO2 index was calculated by dividing the tcPO2 of the chest wall by the tcPO2 of the foot. The value of the tcPO2 of the chest decreased in proportion to the advance of age. There was no significant differences in the tcPO2 indices between ASO and TAO, nor among different sites of peripheral vascular occlusion. On the other hand, as the grade of Fontaine classification increased, the tcPO2 index reduced, with significant difference between grade II and IV. The tcPO2 index of the amputated group was 0.08 +/- 0.04. In contrast, the tcPO2 indices of the lumbar sympathectomy, arterial bypass and conservative therapy groups were 0.74 +/- 0.18, 0.84 +/- 0.12 and 0.74 +/- 0.13, respectively. There was significant difference between the amputated and non-amputated groups. From our results, it is suggested that oxygen tension measured transcutaneously is a useful indicator for the decision of operative indication and surgical procedure. PMID- 6676636 TI - [A case of sudden gross hematuria caused by an iliac artery-ureteral fistula]. AB - A 51-year-old male patient, who had been treated for nonspecific angitis with pulselessness in the upper extremities, was found to have stenosis of the left common iliac artery. Patch grafting was performed for the stenotic lesion of the artery. Sixteen months after the operation, the patient developed a sudden massive hematuria for which he was immediately admitted. He required blood transfusions and bed rest. Pyelography and arteriography revealed almost complete impairment of the left kidney function. During subsequent left retrograde ureterography , the patient again developed massive hematuria and fell in shock. The ureterogram revealed left hydronephrosis and the adhesive left ureter to the site of the patch graft. Extraluminal outflow of contrast medium into the artery was also noted. These findings were considered to indicate the hematuria being an extravasation of blood from an arterio-ureteral fistula formed in the patch graft region. An emergency operation was performed. Contamination was avoided by construction of the femoro-femoral arterial bypass graft to the left lower extremity, prior to the radical removal of the potentially infected fistula and left kidney. The surgical procedures have saved the patient and his lower extremities. PMID- 6676637 TI - [Nonsurgical technique for removal of catheter fragments in the heart and the great vessels]. AB - With the widespread use of intravenous polyethylene or silicone elastomer catheters for continuous infusion of fluids and drugs and monitoring central venous pressure, loss of catheter fragments into the central circulation has become an increasing problem. These catheter fragments have been removed from all areas of the right side circulatory system by various techniques not requiring thoracotomy. Many kinds of instruments for nonsurgical removal of these fragments have been utilized. The majority of them have been accomplished using a loop snare or a helical basket. As with loop snares and baskets, a free end of fragments is necessary for fragment entrapment. In this report the authors describe four cases with catheter fragments in the heart or the great vessels and a new nonsurgical technique using a "forceps with three or two grasping prongs for endoscope" for their removal. In the first case, we could remove the embolized catheter fragment without accessible free ends in the pulmonary artery by this method. This special forceps with two grasping prongs was applicable even for the infant and could be inserted through a No. 8 French Cordis catheter introducer. This method is extremely promising for removal of catheter fragments in the central circulatory system. PMID- 6676638 TI - [Perineural invasion of pancreas head carcinoma]. AB - Perineural invasion of carcinoma is of considerable interest especially in the pancreas, because this organ is adjacent to the main autonomic plexuses of the abdomen. The present study was based upon 14 cases of primary carcinoma of the pancreas head in which total pancreatectomy with extensive dissection of the regional lymph nodes and autonomic plexuses was performed. Information concerning perineural invasion was obtained from histological specimens of the pancreas, lymph nodes and autonomic plexuses. Carcinomatous involvement of nerves was observed in all 14 cases within parenchyma of the pancreas head, but never found in the body and tail. Perineural extension of carcinoma to the regional autonomic plexuses was observed in 9 cases, which included the pancreatic capital plexus in 8 patients, superior mesenteric plexus in 3, celiac plexus in 2 and plexus on the common bile duct in 2 patients. This manner of invasion had no relationship with behaviour of lymph node metastasis. Thus, invasion and extension along the autonomic nerves by carcinoma of the pancreas were more common than usually recognized. Extensive dissection of the regional autonomic plexuses should be performed to increase the possibilities of a curative procedure. PMID- 6676639 TI - [Surgical treatment of biliary atresia]. PMID- 6676640 TI - [Studies on total colectomy, mucosal proctectomy and ileoanal anastomosis (ileoanostomy)]. AB - Studies have been made in order to establish a practical operative procedure of the ileoanostomy as well as to understand its postoperative pathophysiology using 45 patients including 34 with familial polyposis and 11 with ulcerative colitis those which have been followed up for 1 to 4 years. Three major technical problems here with challenged are how to minimize the complications, how to improve the bowel function and how to simplify the procedure. Our J-pouch method was found to have better bowel function compared with those without a pouch and those with H-pouch and also considered to be superior to S-pouch, with its consistent spontaneous evacuation and with a simpler construction. The length of rectal cuff was found to be able to be minimized down to just above the levator muscle without disturbing the bowel function, based on our experiences on two polyposis cases with rectal cancers. The short rectal cuff of about 7-6 cm was considered to be the method of choice for eliminating the cuff abscess in addition to routine use of a diverting ileostomy, and for technical simplification. Ano-abdominal rectal mucosectomy at prone-jack-knife position is recommended to achieve further technical feasibility. The pathophysiological studies including anorectal manometry, intestinal transit time, physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis of the stool, water absorption of the ileal neorectum as well as the systemic metabolic studies supported favorable clinical result of our method. Ileoanostomy by our principle consisting of J-pouch, short cuff and loop-ileostomy, was concluded to be a break through to avoid an abdominal ileostomy after total proctocolectomy. PMID- 6676641 TI - [Clinical and biological significance of arterial blood ketone body ratio in hepatic surgery]. AB - In a recent study from our laboratory, 372 patients were classified into 4 groups according to the postoperative changes in the arterial blood ketone body ratio: Group A without decrease below 0.7 (greater than 0.7 in control), Group B with transient decrease to 0.4, Group C with progressive decrease to below 0.4, and Group D, the terminal stage, with decrease to below 0.25. Groups A and B patients tolerated operation well. In the 28 Group C patients, 24 of them died of multiple organ failure. The metabolic liver support designed by us (an ex vivo pig or baboon liver cross-hemodialysis with an interposed cuprophan membrane) has been applied for the patients with both blood ketone body ratio below 0.4 and grade IV hepatic coma. All Group C patients became fully alert after liver support concomitant with the restoration of the blood ketone body ratio. By contrast, in Group D patients, there was no restoration of consciousness and no improvement in their blood ketone body ratios by this liver support. It has been suggested that blood ketone body ratio level serves as an excellent indicator of the deranged metabolic process and mortality in critically ill patients. PMID- 6676642 TI - [Divergent histology in the primary and metastatic lesions of thyroid carcinoma]. AB - The metastatic lesions of malignant diseases tend to present similar histological findings as the primary tumor. However, thyroid carcinoma is one of the malignancies which may be an exception to this rule. We have reviewed 61 consecutive autopsies of thyroid cancer patients at the Ito Hospital and Kawasaki Medical School Hospital during a period between 1969-1982. Fifty-five of 61 cases of thyroid carcinoma were found to have metastatic spreads beyond the thyroid. The uniform pathological findings were present in 5 of 9 papillary adenocarcinomas, 14 of 15 anaplastic carcinomas, and 1 of two squamous cell carcinoma and one epidermoid carcinoma. The remaining 36 patients were found to have different histological findings in metastatic lesions from the primary tumor. The histological types in coexisting metastases varied from one lesion to the other; the primary tumor was adenocarcinoma, but one of the metastases was anaplastic and the others showed adenocarcinoma or its combination. Those histological divergence in the primary tumor and metastases can be considered as the results of anaplastic or squamous cell transformation from adenocarcinoma. Such alteration of the histological findings in thyroid carcinoma calls for the reassessment of the therapeutic strategy. PMID- 6676643 TI - [A clinicopathological study of metastasis of lung cancer and metastatic lung cancer]. AB - In a series of 282 resected lung specimens of primary lung cancer and 28 of metastatic lung cancer, an investigation was made on some factors influencing on the metastasis. These factors were blood vessel invasion of tumor cells, lymphoid cell infiltration at the site of vessel invasion and the basement membrane formation around the tumor foci. The relationships between the cumulative survivals and these various factors were realized with the following results. Findings of blood vessel invasion were equally correlated with the prognosis of patients as lymph node metastasis. Among patients with blood vessel invasion, those with prominent lymphoid cell reaction at the site of vessel invasion showed the longer survival than those of negative reaction. The formation of basement membrane, which was thought to be a factor influencing on the prognosis, around tumor cells, were correlated with the blood vessel invasion. PMID- 6676644 TI - [Micrometastasis in the resected lungs of lung cancer patients with special reference to their clinical features]. AB - The microscopic metastases were examined seemingly unaffected areas of the resected lungs in 116 primary lung cancer patients. In 55 patients (47%), micrometastases were found in the areas which looked normal. The investigation on the route and location of micrometastaes revealed that lung metastases were formed mainly through haematogenous and partly through lymphatic route. The high incidence of postoperative intrapulmonary spread in the positive micrometastasis group suggested that most of microscopic deposits would become distinct tumors in time. Thirteen patients have had a second operation for the intrapulmonary metastatic lesions. There was one postoperative death. Nine patients have subsequently died. Three patients are still alive and well without evidence of recurrence. PMID- 6676645 TI - [Histopathological study on hepatic metastases and blood CEA levels in patients with intestinal carcinoma]. AB - In 37% of 177 cases with colo-rectal cancer, our original staining method succeeded in the detection of cancer cells invaded in the small vein vessels in the primary lesion, 35.4% of which metastasized to the liver. Cancer cells were found histologically in the portal vein in these cases. Serum CEA levels were abnormally high in the cases of vein invasion in 57%. Hematogenic metastases occurred in 90% in the cases of vein invasion with abnormal CEA level. Serum CEA level decreased after the resection of the involved intestine, but increased sharply when hematogenic metastases occurred, while the CEA level increased gradually and slowly in cases of local recurrences or peritoneal disseminations . PMID- 6676646 TI - [Surgical treatment of metastatic lung tumors]. AB - Surgical treatments were performed in 88 cases of metastatic lung tumors, where 5 years survival rate in all resected cases was 37.5%. We report our principles on the surgical treatment for metastatic lung tumors. First of all, the biological characteristics of the primary lesion is among the most important factors in considering the indication for the surgical treatment in metastatic lung tumors. For example, chemotherapy must be the first choice in treating lung metastasis of choriocarcinoma, and hormone therapy in lung metastasis of mammary carcinoma. On the other hand, such tumors as osteogenic sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, colorectal carcinoma and Grawitz's tumor, should be treated by surgery. Another point in the surgery of the metastatic lung tumor is the choice of the mode of operation for the solitary metastatic tumor according to tumor type. As a principle, partial or segmental resection is preferably chosen for metastatic lung tumor. However, the location of the lung tumor, tumor size, hilar lymph node metastasis and the pattern of invasion to the surrounding lung tissue must be considered to decide the surgical procedure. From these considerations, the segmental or partial resection for metastatic sarcomas and the lobectomy for the metastatic carcinomas are appropriate in general. PMID- 6676647 TI - [Significance of major hepatectomy for metastatic liver malignancy]. AB - Major hepatectomies for 24 metastatic liver tumors including 13 of colo-rectum origin were performed. The cumulative survival rate in 23 cases excluding one case of operative death is 67.4%, 44.3% and 29.1% for 1, 3 and 5 year, respectively. The significant difference was observed in survival rate between H1(n = 16) and H2 - 3 (n = 7). In colo-rectum origin group the survival rate of solitary H1 was better than that of multiple H1 significantly. The Japanese Colon Cancer Research Meeting reported the relative survival rate of 33 cases of H1 colo-rectum origin including 2 of hepatectomized cases. The survival rate of the present 11 hepatectomized cases in the same category is significantly better than that in the report of Colon Cancer Research Meeting, which shows utility of hepatectomy for H1 metastatic tumor. Although in H2 - 3 group 5 of 7 cases died within one year after hepatectomy, 2 particular cases survived 22 months and 57 months. The primary lesions of these two were leiomyosarcoma of the jejunum and carcinoid tumor of the lung. The indication for major hepatectomy for metastatic liver malignancy is the tumor of H1, especially solitary and the slow growing or some kind of functioning tumor. PMID- 6676648 TI - [Open heart surgery for removal of secondary cardiac tumors]. AB - Recent remarkable development of the non-invasive diagnostic apparatus such as two dimensional echocardiography, computed tomography and RI angiography improves early diagnosis for secondary cardiac tumors and promotes surgical treatments for them. Five cases of secondary intracardiac tumors underwent open heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass with successful removal. Although a case of direct invasion of a malignant thymoma into the pericardium, RA and SVC was lost at ICU after surgery because of massive hemorrhage followed by LOS, another 4 cases, i.e., a 27 year-old female with implantation of LA myxoma into the RA and RV, a case with intracavitary extension of leiomyosarcoma of the IVC, a case of intravenous extension of the uterine leiomyomatosis through the IVC to the pulmonary artery and a case of intravenous extension of chondrosarcoma of the left fibula to the heart are alive actively. Open heart surgery has become acceptable treatment for cases with secondary intracavitary cardiac tumors in order to rescue emergency cases with circulatory obstruction by the tumor mass, to make sure a pathological diagnosis of unknown origin and to promote further chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy after surgery. Our surgical results may support these active treatments for secondary cardiac tumors. PMID- 6676650 TI - [Total correction of complete transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) and Fontan procedure for tricuspid atresia(TA)]. AB - Since 1975, 87 patients underwent total correction consisting of 35 cases of Mustard procedure with 6 early deaths (17.1%), 36 Senning with 2 deaths (5.6%), 12 Rastelli operations with 4 deaths (33.3%), and Jatene procedure on 4 cases without mortality. Sixteen patients out of 63 early survivors following intraatrial repair resulted in fatal outcome. In 17 with a modified senning procedure with a pedicled autologous pericardial patch on the functional left atrium, 8 died of pulmonary venous obstruction caused by thickening and calcification of pericardium. However, no death was seen in 17 patients with original Senning procedure. Right ventricular function remained poor in cases with intra-arterial repair and accounted for relatively poor long-term results. Although Rastelli operation carried high early mortality, late death was seen only in 1. Jatene procedure was performed in 4 ranging in ages from 5 months to 6 years without mortality. Fontan procedure was done on 22 patients with 2 early deaths and no late death in tricuspid atresia. Average cardiac index after surgery was 2.6 +/- 0.6. Cardiac index showed close correlation with preoperative cross sectional area of both pulmonary artery divided by body surface area (PA index), but had poor correlation with right atrial pressure or left ventricular volume. PMID- 6676649 TI - [Heterogeneity in drug sensitivity of human tumors in the human tumor colony forming assay]. AB - The human tumor colony-forming assay was used to compare chemosensitivity among tumor cells within a primary tumor, between primary tumor and its metastasis, and between different metastases. The results indicate that the reported discrepancies of in vitro and in vivo results in clinical trials with TCFA for predicting of resistance or sensitivity to cytostatic drugs may be due to therapeutic heterogeneity among tumor colony-forming units within a primary tumors and between primary tumor and metastases, and that the results from a metastatic lesion may have more profound implications in planning treatment of other metastatic lesions of the same patient. PMID- 6676652 TI - [Operative results of atrioventricular canal defect]. AB - Partial Atrioventricular Canal Defect ( PAVC ) The operative results of this anomaly is generally acceptable. Between 1978 and 1982, 32 patients with PAVC underwent intracardiac repair. Two operative deaths occurred in 41 and 42 years old patients who were in NYHA class 4 preoperatively. Postoperative mitral insufficiency was either nil or mild except in one patient with mitral valve prolapse which was left unrepaired. Complete Atrioventricular Canal Defect ( CAVC ) Our operative procedures for the repair of CAVC are as follows, 1) all of accessory chordae are cut off and the bridging leaflet is incised into mitral and tricuspid components. 2) Ventricular septum, atrioventricular valve and atrial septum are constructed with our designed endocardial cushion prosthesis (Dacron prosthesis with pericardial brim of 3-4 mm width in each side). Between 1978 and 1982, 20 patients with CAVC containing 16 infants less than 2 years old underwent intracardiac repair using this prosthesis. Thirteen patients had no severe associated anomalies and only one death occurred in this group. Three patients were combined with tetralogy of Fallot (one died) and two patients with double outlet right ventricle (one died). The other two patients had either coarctation of the aorta (died) or interruption of the aortic arch (survived). PMID- 6676653 TI - [Surgical treatment of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]. AB - Surgical experience of 70 patients with TAPVC between 1966 and 1982 were reviewed. Their age ranged from 2 days to 13 years. Fifty-two patients (74%) were below 6 months of age, 36 (51) below 3 months and 17 (24%) were neonates, respectively. Thirty-seven patients (56%) were with supracardiac type, 14 (20%) were with cardiac type and 12 (17%) were with intracardiac type. Results of operation below 6 months of age were unsatisfactory. Only 10 patients including 3 neonates out of 52 survived. However, 16 of 18 patients over 6 months of age survived. Early referral and emergency intracardiac repair is important in small babies as well as precise operation and fine bypass technique. Patients with supersystemic pulmonary hypertension immediately after surgery showed poor prognosis. Long-term results with 26 survivors were satisfactory. Eighty-one % of them showed sinus rhythm and %LVEDV and LVEF were within normal range in 6 patients investigated. In recent years, surgery without angiocardiography is recommended as the diagnostic ability of UCG developed. However, care must be taken as to some rare complicated pulmonary venous connection and associated cardiac anomaly such as VSD. Also, it should be recognized that pulmonary venous beds in neonates and early infancy demonstrated various degree of mascularization , medial hypertrophy and endothelial cell proliferation in intraacinar pulmonary veins. They were more marked in cases with intracardiac type TAPVC . PMID- 6676651 TI - [Current status of cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease-- tetralogy of Fallot and double outlet right ventricle]. AB - In tetralogy of Fallot (TF) a new method of repair has been utilized since 1978. The method is transpulmonary and trans-atrial repair without or with minimal right ventriculotomy. Out of consecutive 81 patients, 79 patients underwent repair with this method with one operative death (operative mortality 1.3%). Postoperative hemodynamic evaluation revealed the better results in cardiac index, right ventricular endodiastolic volume and right ventricular ejection fraction. Also, pulmonary regurgitation has been reduced significantly compared to the conventional method with right ventriculotomy. The main criteria for total repair in TF is size of the pulmonary artery, and PA area Index (PA area/Normal R PA area) over 0.20 is our minimal criteria to obtain postoperative right ventricular peak pressure ratio below 0.8. In double outlet right ventricle (DORV), operative mortality in last 5 years has improved to 19% (21 cases) from 68% of previous series. Six Taussig-Bing anomalies have undergone primary repair with 2 deaths. Various methods have been utilized including Kawashima 's method in 1 (0, op-death), Rastelli's method in 1(1), Hightower 's method in 1(0), and recently 2 patients had repair with Rastelli's operation with creating AP window to avoid subaortic obstruction. Also, Jatene operation (arterial switch) has been successfully performed in 8 month-old patient. PMID- 6676654 TI - [Current status of surgical treatment of univentricular heart disease and complicated cardiac anomalies associated with asplenia and polysplenia syndrome]. AB - Current status and problems in diagnosis and surgical treatment for complicated cardiac anomalies were assessed by analyzing surgical cases consisted of 32 univentricular heart cases, 27 asplenia syndrome cases, and 8 polysplenia cases. Univentricular heart cases consisted of 3 cases of type A, 8 cases of type B and 21 cases of type C. All of 7 cases performed corrective surgery were with bidirectional cross blood flow. Corrective surgery was performed on 7 cases including 6 cases of ventricular septation procedure with blood flow conversion and a case of modified Fontan procedure, and 2 were survived. Anatomical corrective surgery was performed for complicated cardiac anomalies on 4 cases with asplenia syndrome and 7 cases with polysplenia syndrome, and 2 and 6 cases were survived respectively. It was possible to perform functional corrective surgery on some cases who had difficulties for anatomical corrective surgery. For anatomical corrective surgery, it is preferable to use left ventricle as systemic ventricle. In splenic dysgenesis cases, main causes of late deaths were infection (asplenia syndrome) and complete A-V block (polysplenia syndrome) and it is necessary to clarify the immune mechanism and conduction system of the heart. PMID- 6676655 TI - [Recent experience in cardiovascular surgery in neonates and infants less than 3 months of age]. AB - In past ten years, 43 neonates and 73 infants less than 3 months of age underwent cardiovascular surgery in our institute. The surgical mortality was as high as 46% in neonate, and 45% in infant in this series. Recently, results of surgery for pulmonary atresia, transposition of the great arteries, total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, and coarctation of the aorta has been improved significantly. The use of non-invasive diagnostic technique such as echocardiography and radial angiography, and the use of prostaglandin-E1 as preoperative management has contributed to recent improvement. Further refinement of surgical procedure is mandatory to minimize various postoperative complications and improve late result of those infants. PMID- 6676656 TI - [A clinical study on surgical patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation: with special reference to the occurrence of major organ failures]. AB - Among 113 consecutive patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), twenty cases who developed this condition under surgical intervention are the subject of this study. At the onset of DIC, fourteen cases were suffered from severe infection. Coagulation study in these patients revealed decreased platelet counts and prolonged prothrombin time. There was marked increase in fibrinogen degradation products and positive ethanol gelation test was frequently observed. These findings were analogous to those found in the more chronic presentations of DIC in the patients with neoplastic diseases, however, plasma concentration of fibrinogen was normal. Antithrombin III level was extremely low in the patients with surgical DIC. The patients with DIC in surgery took acute or subacute courses with very high incidence of major organ failure. The patients with dysfunction of more than three organs were seen in eight of 20 cases. The lungs, kidneys, liver and gastrointestinal tracts were involved in the descending order of frequency. Fourteen patients died and six of these were autopsied. All had multiple fibrin thrombi in more than two organs. The numbers and sites of microthrombi in the major organs were well matched with the clinical manifestations. These results suggested that DIC might be one of the precipitating factors of multiple organ failure. PMID- 6676657 TI - [Development of MOF as result of DIC. Clinical and experimental studies]. AB - Sixty three percent of 60 cases of clinically diagnosed Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) developed to Multiple Organ Failure (MOF) and the mortality was high in the group which showed organ failure before the manifestation of DIC. The mortality of MOF cases was 91.6% and the presence of organ failure before or after DIC manifestation did not affect the mortality. Among 41 autopsy cases, microscopic examination showed pathohistological DIC in 19 cases even in basic lesion bearing cases without any clinical DIC signs (31.3%). Clinically and experimentally it was suggested that intrinsic and extrinsic endotoxin, namely, hepatic failure, infection etc. may play an important role in manifestation of DIC and development of MOF. Once DIC appears, hypercoagulability and hyperfibrinolysis will develop, then microthrombus in organs will appear in quite early phase of clinical course. Organ specificity and intraorganic specificity might be explained by anatomical factor and local fibrinolysis, etc.. In conclusion, the early detection of DIC and employment of protective treatment for organ failure are though necessary to improve prognosis. PMID- 6676658 TI - [Experimental ARDS and its prevention]. AB - Our retrospective study on the postoperative ARDS and DIC in surgical patients, during the period of April, 1974 through October, 1980, revealed the presence of DIC in all the 13 patients with ARDS. Although ARDS was not found to have developed in all the patients with DIC, the number of which was 28, we speculated that DIC might have underlain ARDS, on the basis of an observation that the parameters for respiratory functions had changed nearly in parallel with those for the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Our animal study in dogs seems to support our concept, which showed a good correlation between the severity of respiratory functions and that of consumption coagulopathies. By giving animals a variety of chemical agents and drugs prophylactically in order to inhibit platelets or blood coagulation or both, we clearly showed that respiratory functions were significantly well preserved when compared with the control group. Thus we would like conclusively remark that DIC may underly and trigger ARDS under certain postoperative conditions, although not all the contributory factors have been clarified at this stage of investigation. PMID- 6676659 TI - [The role of multiple organ failure in DIC]. AB - The records of 27 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation with burn, trauma, perforated peritonitis or leakage of gastrointestinal anastomoses at the Second Department of Surgery and Intensive Care Unite, Toho University Hospital from 1977 to 1982 were reviewed. In this series, multiple organ failure (MOF) occurred in 20 cases and single organ failure occurred in 4 cases. Lung failure occurred in 20 out of 27 cases. Renal failure occurred in 18 out of 27 cases. Then, correlation was observed between decrease in platelet count and decrease in PaO2/FiO2. Serum creatinine level and total bilirubin level were elevated according to the progress of DIC. Twenty death cases with DIC out of 21 had MOF. However, 3 survived cases out of 6 cases had only single organ failure and other 3 survived cases out of 6 cases had not organ failure. Therefore, close correlation was observed between DIC and MOF in the prognosis of DIC. Earlier and active support of organ failure was important for clinical management of DIC. PMID- 6676660 TI - [The causes of abnormal coagulation system in the early phase of burns]. AB - The relationship between abnormality in blood coagulation and Burn Index (B.I.) were examined in 174 patients treated in our department for trauma during past 7 years. Platelet counts decreased rapidly and became minimal at 3rd or 4th hospital day, but PT, APTT, fibrinogen and FDP were abnormal in many cases over 30% BSA only within 24 hours after thermal injury. The platelet counts at 3rd hospital day and PT within 24 hours were well correlated with Burn Index (platelet vs. B.I. r = 0.665, p less than 0.01; PT vs. B.I., r = 0.587, p less than 0.01). And PT was also well correlated with plasma total protein (r = 0.686, p less than 0.01). AT-III, plasminogen and alpha 2 PI had also a tendency of interrelation to plasma protein level. These data suggest that systemic intravascular coagulation does not commonly complicate immediately after thermal injury, although consumption of coagulation factors are mainly occurred at the site of burn and correlated with the loss of plasma protein. PMID- 6676661 TI - [Disseminated intravenous coagulation in acute necrotizing pancreatitis]. AB - The coagulation changes observed in acute pancreatitis were studied clinically and those changes observed in acute experimental pancreatitis were compared with those after the intravenous infusion of pancreatic juice and ascitic fluid exudate obtained from bile-induced pancreatitis in dogs. The coagulation changes observed in six among 37 patients with acute pancreatitis and half of them died. Those changes observed clinically were either hypercoagulability or hypocoagulability. The coagulation changes after trypsin-induced acute experimental pancreatitis, elastase and autologous bile showed an indication of consumption coagulopathy. The effect upon blood coagulation after the intravenous injection of pancreatic juice included decreased platelet counts and plasma fibrinogen levels, prolonged partial thromboplastin and prothrombin time. The intravenous injection of pancreatic exudate produced greater changes than did those of an equal amounts of pancreatic juice. There was a shortening of E.L.T. and a marked increase in F.D.P. pancreatic exudate which accumulated during acute pancreatitis may contains a toxic substance or substances which contribute to the consumption of coagulation factors. PMID- 6676662 TI - [Reappraisal of clinical pictures of multiple organ failure]. AB - Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC) and also multiple organ failure (MOF) still remain principal causes of death after major surgery or trauma. The author tried to reappraise the clinical features of MOF, especially with the special reference to DIC. One hundred and thirty three cases with MOF were collected from eight university hospitals. The results of analysis of these cases were as follows. 1. Criteria in the diagnosis MOF and also DIC remain controversial among each institute. 2. Severity in the impairment of organ functions also so different among various kinds of vital organs in the present conventional criteria in the diagnosis of MOF. 3. The author proposes a new criterion in the diagnosis of MOF, including serum total bilirubin level above 10 mg/dl or serum transaminase level above 200 K.U. as to the sign of impaired liver function, and BUN above 75 mg/dl or serum creatinin level above 5 mg/dl to indicate an impaired renal function. More precise and close relation between the numbers of impaired organs and the therapeutic results might to obtained by our new criterion. 4. Analysis of these collected cases with MOF also indicated that MOF associated with DIC might be considered to have more grave and serious prognosis, although 58 cases with MOF showed no sign and symptoms of DIC among 129 cases, diagnosed by Tamakuma 's criterion. PMID- 6676663 TI - [Indication for hepatic resection, with special reference to functional reserve of the liver]. AB - Liver failure is a major cause of death after hepatectomy in cirrhosis. Therefore, an accurate indication for hepatectomy should be estimated preoperatively. By using multiple regression analysis of liver function, we could accurately select any one of five possibilities in hepatic surgery: 1) trisegmentectomy , 2) lobectomy, 3) segmentectomy, 4) partial hepatectomy, and 5) no surgery, without severe postoperative complications. Furthermore, the functional reserve of the remnant liver after hepatectomy should be estimated preoperatively. We measured ICG Rmax of the remnant liver, from both the effective liver volume rate obtained by the uptake of radioisotope on a liver scan and ICG Rmax of the whole liver. If it is above 0.4 mg/kg/min, any type of hepatic resection may by possible. On postoperative management, it is also important to estimate function of the reticuloendothelial system, blood clotting mechanism, and cardio-pulmonary and renal function. ICG Rmax per unit liver volume in the remnant liver after proposed hepatectomy can be calculated preoperatively from volume of the remnant liver on CT scan and ICG Rmax of the remnant liver. If it is above 0.8 microgram/kg/min/cm3, regeneration and function of the remnant liver will remain good without any late postoperative complications after hepatectomy. PMID- 6676664 TI - [Postsplenectomy infection and immunologic aspects of splenectomy]. AB - Of 619 trauma patients undergoing splenectomy, 503 lived more than 10 days. In this group, 114 patients (22.7%) developed systematic sepsis and 36 patients (7.2%) succumbed from sepsis. Septic morbidity and mortality rates in splenectomized patients were significantly greater than those in 2180 consecutive trauma patients treated in 1978-1979. Septic mortality rate in septic patients was significantly greater than that in 2180 consecutive trauma patients. Septic mortality rate in the patients whose trauma were seen only in the spleen or associated with only one organ injury was also very high. Long-term follow-up information was obtained in 242 splenectomized patients with a mean patient follow-up interval of 4.4 years. Severe bacterial infections have occurred in six patients. Thus far, there have been no deaths from overwhelming sepsis. Of interest, 10% of the patients complained of more severe viral infection following splenectomy. On the other hand, the incidence of postoperative infection in the patients who underwent total gastrectomy with splenectomy was not different from that of the patients who underwent total gastrectomy without splenectomy. However, the incidence of the postoperative infection in the splenectomized patients together with total gastrectomy was greater than that of the the splenectomized patients in trauma. PMID- 6676665 TI - [Evaluation of splenectomy and possible metastasis from gastric cancer, with reference to nonspecific immunological parameters and postoperative survival]. AB - For the complete removal of metastasized lymph nodes at splenic hilus in the operation for gastric cancer, the splenectomy has been widely accepted. In order to reveal justifiable of such splenectomy, nonspecific immunological parameters and postoperative survival were compared between the groups of splenectomized (S) and nonsplenectomized cases (N) in the same stage of gastric cancer. The immunological parameters in N were more stable after surgery than those in S. As to the postoperative survival there was no significant difference. The survival rates showed no definite difference. The postoperative platelet count of S was higher than that of N. It may be concluded that the splenectomy should be avoided unless the metastases are remarkable. PMID- 6676666 TI - [Immunological significance of splenectomy in gastric cancer surgery. Production of immunosuppressive factor in the spleen]. AB - We studied immunological significance of splenectomy in gastric cancer surgery with special reference to serum suppressor factor. The results showed that the sera from splenic venous blood in advanced gastric cancer was more suppressive to PHA blastogenesis of normal lymphocytes and also higher in the values of circulating immune complexes, as compared to the sera from peripheral blood. Furthermore, the media from cultures of spleen cells of patients with advanced gastric cancer indicated to suppress PHA blastogenesis of normal lymphocytes, as compared to the media from cultures of peripheral lymphocytes of the same patients. The suppressive activity was more increased in the media from cultures of nonadherent cell population obtained from the spleen cells. From these data, it was suggested that the spleen of patients with advanced gastric cancer was capable of producing serum suppressor factor. Therefore, gastrectomy combined with splenectomy may be reasonable in patients with advanced gastric cancer. PMID- 6676667 TI - [Effect of splenic mononuclear cells on autochthonous peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to mitogens in gastric cancer patients]. AB - Mononuclear cells and their fractions which were prepared from spleens removed at the time of surgery for gastric cancer were treated with mitomycin C and their effect on autochthonous peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to PHA-P and Con A was assessed in coculture experiments. Splenic mitomycin C treated mononuclear cells from certain gastric cancer patients were found to have suppressor activity on peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to PHA-P and Con A and the cells with the activity were either plastic dish adherent cells or T-enriched cells alone or both of them. The suppressor activity were more frequently detected in patients with stage IV disease and the patients with the activity tended to exhibit more decreased cell mediated immunocompetence than those without it. Splenic mitomycin C treated mononuclear cells from certain gastric cancer patients were also found to have augmenting activity on peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to PHA-P and the cells with the activity were either plastic dish adherent cells or T-enriched cells or all of plastic dish adherent cells and T- and B-enriched cells. PMID- 6676668 TI - [Role of the spleen in tumor immunity--with special reference to anti-tumor immunity induced by solubilized and purified tumor-associated antigen]. AB - The effects of post-operative immunization with purified tumor-associated antigen on the development of lung metastases following resection of the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) were studied. The soluble tumor-associated antigens were isolated from 3LL cells by detergent solubilization and purified by affinity chromatography on peanut agglutinin (PNA)-agarose. The immunization with subcutaneous injections of PNA-binding glycoproteins at early phase following resection of primary footpad tumors of 3LL resulted in a significant decrease in incidence and size of lung metastases. The delayed immunization, however, failed to suppress the development and growth of metastatic lung tumors after surgery. The suppression of postoperative development of lung metastases was found to depend on timing of immunization following local tumor resection. Splenectomy performed simultaneously with amputation of tumor-bearing leg was completely abolished the decrease in the development and growth of postoperative lung metastases in immunized-mice. Evidence of lymphoid system involvement in the control of metastatic tumor growth was also supported by the observation of in vivo tumor neutralization assay utilizing the spleen cells. PMID- 6676669 TI - [Significance of splenectomy in the treatment of cancer]. AB - With inoculation of a large amount of tumor cells, the tumor growth of splenectomized mice was depressed compared to sham operated mice. On the contrary, with inoculation of a small amount of tumor cells the occurrence of tumor was lower in sham-operated mice. The effect of splenectomy on tumor growth was bidirectional depending on the dose of the inoculate. The effect was due to the production of the immunosuppressive factor in sera obtained from mice inoculated with a large but not small amount of tumor cells. Studies for the late survivals of 113 patients who had received curative total gastrectomy with or without splenectomy revealed that the non-splenectomized group showed a significantly better late survival rate than the splenectomized group when the splenic hilar lymph nodes were not involved with cancer metastasis. PMID- 6676670 TI - [Experimental study on immunological effect of splenectomy on tumor-bearers]. AB - In view of popularity of splenectomy in combination with gastrectomy for gastric cancer, immunological effect of splenectomy was studied experimentally, using SD rats and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mammary cancer, MRMT -1. Splenectomy was performed on day -14, 2, 7, 14 or 21 of sc inoculation of 200 mg (about 4 X 10(6) cells) of MRMT -1 at the back of 4-week-old female rats. Tumor growth and immunocompetence of peripheral lymphocytes, spleen cells and thymus cells were examined. Tumor growth on day 35 tended to be inhibited in rats splenectomized on day -14, 2, or 14, while it tended to be promoted in rats splenectomized on day 7. PHA-induced blastogenesis and NK activity of spleen cells were reduced on day 2, rose on day 7 and gradually decreased on days 14 and 21. Winn's neutralization assay revealed that spleen cells on days 2, 14 and 21 of tumor inoculation had suppressor activities. In conclusion, spleen cells of tumor-bearing rats showed a reduced immunocompetence on day 2 (the early tumor-bearing stage) and on day 14 and later (the late tumor-bearing stage), while they showed a raised immunocompetence on day 7 (the middle tumor-bearing period). PMID- 6676672 TI - [The 83rd symposium of the Japan Surgical Society. April 5-6, 1984, Osaka Abstracts]. PMID- 6676671 TI - [Immunological evaluation of splenectomy in tumor-bearing mice]. AB - The effect of splenectomy upon neoplastic outgrowth was examined after inoculation of methylcholanthrene-induced C3H/He murine tumors. Three days or 20 days after tumor inoculation, splenectomy resulted in significant retardation of tumor growth when compared with sham operation, while splenectomy 6, 9, 15 days after tumor inoculation did not alter the tumor outgrowth. These results suggest that spleen might have immunologically negative element in early or late stage of tumor burden. In fact, spleen cells from mice bearing MCA-F tumors for 3 days or 30 days nonspecifically facilitated the tumor outgrowth in Winn assay. The non specific tumor-enhancing cells were radioresistant (700 rads), capable of phagocytizing carbonyl-iron and adherent to plastic dish suggesting those were tumor enhancing macrophages. On the other hand, spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice for 9 to 15 days specifically reduced the tumor growth in Winn assay, and those cytotoxic cells were radio-sensitive (700 rads) T cell population. PMID- 6676673 TI - Saccadic eye movements in psychiatric patients. AB - Saccadic eye movements were examined in 110 psychiatric patients and 26 controls, evaluating three parameters, the frequency of dysmetric saccades, nonfixation and the saccadic reaction time. Dysmetric saccades (dysmetria) were defined as saccadic reactions undershooting the target, nonfixation was defined as a deviation of the gaze from the target with the target stationary. While the nonfixation score and the saccadic reaction time were slightly increased in most of the psychiatric patient groups as compared to controls, an increase of the dysmetria score was confined to patients with schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders. Dysmetria is thus interpreted as the expression of a relatively specific impairment of attention in these patients. PMID- 6676674 TI - Age-of-onset in schizophrenia and schizotypal disorders. Clinical and genetic implications. AB - Age-of-onset data were gathered on 93 chronic schizophrenic probands and 57 affected (mainly schizotypal) siblings. 55% of affected individuals were ill before age 20 and 14% had their onset before age 14. The risk period for schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorders terminated at age 40. Age-of onset did not distinguish paranoid from nonparanoid schizophrenics, or definite from probable schizotypal personalities. Schizophrenic and schizotypal subjects were similar in their age-of-onset patterns. Sex effect on age-of-onset was not present. A square-root normal distribution gave the best fit to the data. The implications of these findings for schizophrenia research were discussed. PMID- 6676675 TI - Effect of nomifensine on cortisol, prolactin and biogenic amines in neurotic depressed patients. AB - The effect of nomifensine on plasma levels of cortisol, prolactin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and serotonin were studied in neurotic depressive patients. Cortisol levels were elevated in the morning and were significantly decreased by nomifensine treatment. Prolactin levels were within the normal range and nomifensine did not modify them. A significative increase in catecholamine plasma levels was observed at the 6th week of treatment in depressed patients (dopamine: 106%; noradrenaline: 14%; adrenaline: 10%) whose nomifensine plasma levels ranged between 84 and 105 ng/ml. No statistical differences were found between pre- and post-treatment serotonin concentration. Reduction of plasma cortisol and clinical improvement may be related to increased catecholamine levels. PMID- 6676676 TI - Behavioral effects of carbamazepine after single and repeated administration in emotionally labile subjects. AB - The sample investigated consisted of two groups of emotionally labile healthy male subjects who were given either 100 mg/day of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (n = 16) or placebo (n = 16) for 8 days. Subjects were selected on the basis of their scores in the neuroticism scale of the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI-A: N score greater than or equal to 6). By means of an extensive test battery (ratings of emotional state, emotional reactivity tests, performance tests, physiological parameters) at day 1 and day 8 of ingestion the psychotropic effects of carbamazepine were evaluated as well as the differences in effects after single and repeated administration. Behavioral effects could be demonstrated for carbamazepine after single administration, but the differences found were rather small and limited to four parameters. After several days of administration carbamazepine revealed clear effects on psychological parameters. It is concluded that a drug like carbamazepine needs more than a single administration to be effective in psychological tests, in contrast to tranquilizing, sedating, neuroleptic and stimulating drugs. Carbamazepine has this characteristic common with antidepressant drugs. The experiment demonstrated that carbamazepine is a drug which under the chosen dose level conditions has a positive influence on subjective emotional states, e.g. reduction of deactivation and emotional tension (anxiousness). PMID- 6676677 TI - EEG monitoring in anesthesiology and intensive care. AB - Knowledge of the actual state of cerebral function and of the changes induced by psychotropic drugs is important not only to neurologically oriented specialties but also to other branches of medicine concerned with altering cerebral function. This applies especially to anesthesiology which involves numerous procedures leading to a temporary loss of cognitive brain function. Recently, the application of EEG combined with spectral analysis performed during anesthesia and intensive-care treatment has attracted attention: we investigated the changes in EEG during standardized anesthesiological and therapeutical procedures pre-, intra- and postoperatively, or during intensive-care treatment in 1,500 patients undergoing general surgery from 1977 to 1982. Two-track EEG leads accompanied by spectral analysis were used on line. The evaluation of routinely applied EEG monitoring justifies the following statements: EEG monitoring can be adapted technically and organized to comply with the working conditions and daily activities of an anesthesiological department. Spectral analytic representations allow the assessment of the EEG by the anesthesiologist. The various methods of general anesthesia produce specific EEG changes which can be obliterated by the cumulative effect of drugs. The actual depth of anesthesia is visible in the EEG. During a defined constant anesthetic depth, potentially hazardous cerebral dysfunctions can be detected early and treated accordingly. EEG monitoring can be useful in solving urgent medical problems of intensive-care therapy. PMID- 6676678 TI - Correlation between EEG changes indicative of sedation and subjective responses. AB - The central activity of ketotifen ( Zaditen ), a benzocycloheptathiophene derivative for use in the prophylaxis of asthma, was determined by quantitative pharmaco-EEG in 7 healthy volunteers in a single-blind trial. During the 1st week of the trial, placebo was given twice daily followed by ketotifen 1 mg twice daily for 3 weeks. Placebo was again given for a further week. 15-min resting EEGs were taken immediately before and 3 and 6 h after medication on 8 defined days during the study, and the subjects were asked for side effects. Lead O2-Cz was analyzed by spectral analysis, and the relative power of the delta, theta, and fast and slow alpha bands as well as the dominant alpha frequency were calculated. The mean of each of these parameters was calculated per subject for each of the three measurements on each study day and compared with the baseline by means of one-way analysis of variance. A statistically significant slowing of the dominant alpha frequency, a decrease of the relative power of the fast alpha activity, and an increase of the relative power of the theta rhythm were found. These effects, indicative of a mild sedation, were highest during the 1st week of treatment with ketotifen, with a peak at the 3rd day, and gradually decreased thereafter. In contrast to the sensitive pharmaco-EEG method, none of the subjects complained of sedation or tiredness while taking ketotifen. PMID- 6676679 TI - Consumption of hospital resources for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in a community. AB - The consumption of hospital resources for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in six counties in Norway (population 1.07 million) has been estimated based on hospital admission data. The number of discharges for men (1345/100 000 inhabitants) is about 30% higher than for female patients (1021/100 000 inhabitants) whereas the number of bed-days is only 8% higher, reflecting a difference in length of stay of about 2 days. The proportion of digestive diseases compared with the total somatic care varies between 8.8--10.3% depending upon the method of estimation. The consumption of resources is both age and sex dependent with an almost exponential age-dependence for patients older than 14, and with a male dominance for all age groups except for patients between 15 and 24 years of age. The proportion of digestive diseases compared with the total somatic care shows also sex- and age-group variations with high proportion (i e high consumption) for men in productive ages, whereas women in the same age groups have a considerably lower consumption. A marked increase in hospitalization time is found for older patients. Relatively low mortality rates are found for gastrointestinal diseases. Regional differences in consumption are revealed with differences in discharge rates of up to 50%, in bed-days up to 70% and with differences up to 20% for length of stay. PMID- 6676680 TI - Meningococcal disease in Norway 1980--83. AB - The development in the epidemiological patterns of meningococcal disease in Norway after 1979 is briefly described for the general and military population. With the high incidence levels which have lasted for about nine years, the situation may be described as Norway having experienced a shift in 1974 to a new endemic level. The predicted incidence for 1983 is higher than for any year since 1941. PMID- 6676682 TI - Factors preceding the onset of meningococcal disease, with special emphasis on passive smoking, symptoms of ill health. AB - In a prospective study of 115 patients with systemic meningococcal disease, 61 control patients and 293 population controls, environmental and other factors which preceded the illness and which might have influenced the acquisition and case fatality rate of the meningococcal disease were investigated. Passive smoking in children under 12 year of age, stressful events, and symptoms and signs of preceding illness within the last two weeks were significantly more frequent in meningococcal patients than among the population controls. In contrast, those patients who had been exposed to stressful events, or who had symptoms or signs of ill-health preceding the meningococcal disease, had significantly reduced case fatality rates as compared to those who had not had any such experiences. Passive smoking remains a factor of great interest for further studies and intervention. PMID- 6676681 TI - An epidemiological, clinical and microbiological follow-up study of incident meningococcal disease cases in Norway, winter 1981-1982. Material and epidemiology in the MenOPP project. AB - To investigate the relative importance of the many possible influencing factors and developmental traits of systemic meningococcal disease (MCd) in the practical Norwegian context, a comprehensive multipurpose case control study was carried out during the winter of 1981-1982 on incident cases in the whole country. The design of the study, the MenOPP project, is outlined. The main inclusion criteria for patients were suspected bacterial meningitis and/or septicemia on referral to hospital. This resulted in 115 verified or probable cases of MCd and 61 patient controls. Randomly drawn from three age strata, 320 population controls were actually approached and 293 (92%) of these responded to the "environmental questionnaire". So did most of the patients (98%). The clinical data mainly comprised information from the commencement of the disease to a sequelae check about six weeks after hospital admission. Laboratory data on strain and serum characteristics were, and still are, collected. The results are to be published in several papers. Here, some epidemiological characteristics of the material are given. Regional, seasonal, and age/sex differences in case fatality are reported and discussed. PMID- 6676683 TI - The early phase of meningococcal disease. AB - In a prospective case control study in Norway during the winter 1981-1982, 115 patients with systemic meningococcal disease were compared with 61 patient controls. Initially, skin bleedings, reduced general condition and consciousness, and body pain were seen more often, but irritability less often in meningococcal patients than in the patient controls. The meningococcal patients presented symptoms typical of infectious diseases in general. Symptoms that correlated with a poor prognosis of the meningococcal disease were reduced consciousness, cyanosis, and early diarrhea. The mean time interval from start of the meningococcal disease until admission to hospital was 34 hours. No deaths occurred when less than six hours elapsed before it was decided to admit the patient. All fatal cases were admitted by the first doctor who saw the meningococcal patient. Contact with the family doctor does not seem to have reduced the risk of death. To avoid unnecessary delays, access to hospitals should be facilitated, and efforts should be made to shorten the time interval before patients with relevant symptoms are seen by a doctor. PMID- 6676684 TI - The occurrence and features of hemorrhagic skin lesions in 115 cases of systemic meningococcal disease. AB - Hemorrhagic skin lesions (SH) are common in systemic meningococcal disease (MCd) and are very importance in differential diagnosis. The occurrence of SH in 115 MCd cases in relation to outcome (sequelae or death) and diagnostic category of MCd is described as well as the occurrence of SH in 61 control patients with similar referral diagnoses. We found SH in 77% of the MCd patients and about 20% of the control patients. The SH in the latter group tended to be small, localized and few. Multiple SH, a larger size and a generalized distribution was found in MCd patients with a graver prognosis. Health workers and particularly the public should learn more about SH in MCd and their significance. This may improve the care of MCd patients in promoting earlier diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 6676685 TI - Some helminth and arthropod parasites of the grey duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia. AB - Sixteen grey duikers were culled on the farm Riekert 's Laager in the central Transvaal at irregular intervals from May 1979-March 1981. One trematode species, 3 cestode species and 16 nematode species were recovered from these animals. Of these the following are new helminth records for this antelope: Cooperia hungi , Cooperia neitzi , Cooperia pectinata , Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus falculatus , Trichostrongylus instabilis , Impalaia tuberculata , Nematodirus sp. and Paramphistomum sp. In addition, 6 species of ixodid ticks were collected. These, in order of abundance, were Amblyomma hebraeum (55,9%), Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (36,6%), Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (5,1%), Boophilus decoloratus (2,3%), Boophilus microplus (0,05%) and Haemaphysalis sp. (0,05%). Only 60 (2,8%) of the 2 118 ticks that were collected were adults. Of the 3 species of lice that were recovered, Linognathus zumpti zumpti was most abundant (58,9%), but, out of a total of 1 498 collected, 1 496 occurred on 1 animal only. Linognathus breviceps constituted 29,5% and Damalinia lerouxi 11,6% of the total. A total of 277 specimens of the hippoboscid fly Lipoptena paradoxa were collected from 12 of the 16 animals examined. Trends in the seasonal fluctuation of Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Impalaia , Lipoptena and the immature stages of Amblyomma and R. appendiculatus are graphically illustrated. PMID- 6676686 TI - Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XVI. Helminth and arthropod parasites of blue and black wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus and Connochaetes gnou). AB - Fifty-five blue wildebeest ( Connochaetes taurinus ) were shot for parasite recovery at approximately monthly intervals during a period of 13 months in the Kruger National Park. Thirteen nematode species, 4 cestode species, 1 trematode, the larvae of 5 oestrid flies, 3 lice species, 7 ixodid tick species, 1 mite species and the nymphae of a pentastomid were recovered. The seasonal prevalence of 8 nematodes, 2 cestodes, the larvae of 4 oestrid flies, 2 lice and 4 ixodid tick species was determined. The endo- and ectoparasite burdens of 7 black wildebeest ( Connochaetes gnou ) shot in the Golden Gate Highlands Park in the Orange Free State and 3 shot in the Rietvlei Reserve in the Transvaal were determined. These animals harboured 4 nematode species, 1 cestode, the larvae of 5 oestrid fly species, 2 lice species, 4 ixodid tick species and a mite species. PMID- 6676687 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of Strongylus spp. in zebra. AB - The external ultrastructure of the anterior and posterior extremities of the nematodes, Strongylus asini , Strongylus vulgaris, Strongylus equinus and Strongylus edentatus, was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fresh specimens of S. asini were collected from the caecum, ventral colon and vena portae of Equus burchelli and Equus zebra hartmannae ; S. vulgaris from the caecum, colon and arteria ileocolica of E. burchelli ; S. equinus from the ventral colon of E. z. hartmannae and S. edentatus from the caecum and ventral colon of both zebras , during surveys of parasites in zebras in the Etosha Game Reserve, South West Africa/Namibia, and the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa. The worms were cleaned, fixed and mounted by standard methods and photographed in a JEOL JSM - 35C scanning electron microscope (SEM) operating at 12kV . The SEM showed the following differences: the tips of the external leaf crowns varied and were fine and delicate in S. asini , coarse and broad in S. vulgaris and, in S. equinus and S. edentatus, closely adherent, separating into single elements for half their length. The excretory pores showed only slight variation, and the morphology of the copulatory bursae did not differ from those seen with light microscopy. The genital cones differed markedly: S. asini had a ventral triangular projection and laterally 2 finger-like projections: in S. vulgaris there were numerous bosses on the lateral and ventral aspects of the cone; in S. equinus 2 finger-like processes projected laterocaudally ; and in S. edentatus 2 pairs of papilla-like processes projected laterally on the ventral aspects, and a pair of rounded projections and a pair of hair-like structures adorned the dorsal aspects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6676688 TI - Treatment and thrombocyte levels in experimentally induced canine ehrlichiosis and canine babesiosis. AB - Three dogs which were carriers of Babesia canis were infected with Ehrlichia canis. These animals developed clinical signs and haematological evidence of ehrlichiosis and made an uneventful recovery, despite the fact that they were subsequently treated with doxycycline only. Three control dogs which were also carriers of B. canis were clinically normal, despite the fact that they showed a distinct drop in the thrombocyte levels associated with increases in the numbers of parasitized red cells. PMID- 6676689 TI - Retardation of wool growth in Merino sheep caused by bacteria. AB - A condition evidenced by retarded growth of wool with alteration of the yolk into a yellow, sticky, wax-like substance was investigated. The condition was associated with hyperaemia and cellular infiltration into the dermis in the affected areas. Three bacterial species, viz. Enterobacter aerogenes, E. agglomerans and Hafnia alvei, which could grow on the water-extractable component of wool-yolk, were incriminated as the cause of the condition. PMID- 6676690 TI - The epidemiology of bacterial infection of the genitalia in rams. AB - The interrelationship between the various bacteria isolated from the genital tract of rams and their host animals was studied. The pathogenicity of the different isolates varied. Several of these bacteria could be cultured in a medium consisting of a suspension of pen floor debris solidified with agar, while many organisms survived in the suspension for 10 days. Epidemiological investigations showed that rams kept under intensive systems were subjected to large-scale invasion of their genitalia by bacteria which led to infection of the accessory glands and orchitis and epididymitis. Apart from the preputial cavity, some rams kept on open range were entirely free of bacterial infection of their genitalia, and those that did have bacteria in the deeper parts of their genitalia had a very significantly lower incidence of pathological lesions of their genitalia. Finding bacteria and neutrophils in semen is consistent with the epidemiological findings. PMID- 6676691 TI - Studies on the parasites of zebras. III Nematodes of the mountain zebra from the farm "Kelpie" and the Namib-Naukluft Park, South West Africa/Namibia. AB - Twelve mountain zebra which were culled at monthly intervals on the farm " Kelpie " in South West Africa/Namibia were examined for helminths. The zebras varied in age from 2-15 years, the middle group of which, aged 4-7 years, had the highest worm burdens. Fourteen species of nematodes belonging to the families Atractidae , Strongylidae , Oxyuridae , Setariidae and Spiruridae were recovered. The highest worm burdens were those of Crossocephalus sp. with 692-61 066 680 and Probstmayria vivipara with 1 257 810-42 004 300. The predominance of the atractids is discussed. The nematodes consistently present were: Cylicodontophorus n. sp. (44-2 107), Triodontophorus spp. (2-934), Cylindropharynx spp. (20-2 332), Crossocephalus sp. and P. vivipara. Two new species, Cylicostephanus longiconus and Cylicodontophorus n. sp., were reported. An additional 3 mountain zebra, culled in the Namib - Naukluft Park, were also examined for helminths. Of 3 zebras ranging in age from 2-7 years, the 2 older animals had the highest helminth burden. Ten species of the nematodes belonging to the same families mentioned above were recovered. The only Spiruridae present were 3 Habronema majus in 1 zebra. The highest worm burdens were those of Crossocephalus sp. with 64 052-883 070 and P. vivipara with 50 720-220 200. The nematodes consistently present were the same as those in the " Kelpie " zebra. In addition, a 2nd, new species of Cylicodontophorus was reported. PMID- 6676692 TI - Krimpsiekte and acute cardiac glycoside poisoning in sheep caused by bufadienolides from the plant Kalanchoe lanceolata Forsk. AB - Three toxic bufadienolides , one characterized as hellibrigenin 3-acetate, have been isolated from Kalanchoe lanceolata Forsk. Typical signs of cardiac glycoside poisoning, involving the gastro-intestinal, neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems, could be induced by drenching the milled plant to sheep. Such signs could also be induced by dosing the bufadienolides to sheep or by injecting them into both guinea-pigs (subcutaneously) and sheep (intravenously). The specific paretic syndrome, krimpsiekte , on the other hand, was reproduced only by the repeated intravenous administration of smaller doses of the 2 unknown bufadienolides to sheep. Histopathological examination revealed a mild to severe multifocal cardiomyopathy in sheep receiving plant material or bufadienolides . PMID- 6676693 TI - The experimental production of krimpsiekte in sheep with Tylecodon grandiflorus (Burm.f.) Toelken and some of its bufadienolides. AB - Six bufadienolides were isolated from Tylecodon grandiflorus ( Burm .f.) Toelken . The paretic syndrome, krimpsiekte , could be induced in sheep either by repeated oral administration of small quantities of plant material or the intravenous injection of small quantities of certain bufadienolides . A mild to moderate, acute to subacute, multifocal cardiomyopathy was evident in sheep poisoned by both the plant and the bufadienolides . PMID- 6676694 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of the jaagsiekte retrovirus (JSRV). AB - Jaagsiekte, or ovine pulmonary adenomatosis, is caused by a recently discovered retrovirus. The virus cannot be cultivated in vitro at present, but a procedure is described for the isolation and purification of small amounts in the form of immune complexes with IgA from affected lungs. The virion was shown to possess a 70S RNA genome which can be transcribed by an endogenous reverse transcriptase. Nine size from 94 000 to 25 000 daltons, were found in purified preparations. Using neutralization of the viral reverse transcriptase and an enzyme immunoassay as criteria, no serological relationship could be demonstrated to representatives of type B, C and C oncoviruses, or to bovine leukemia virus, maedi-visna virus of sheep or caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. PMID- 6676695 TI - The morphology and morphogenesis of jaagsiekte retrovirus (JSRV). AB - Jaagsiekte retrovirus ( JSRV ) was recently shown to be the aetiological agent of jaasiekte (ovine pulmonary adenomatosis). The morphogenesis of JSRV was studied in jaagsiekte tumour tissue. Intracytoplasmic particles, often associated with centrioles, were found in tumour cells. JSRV budded from tumour cells with a complete core which appeared to mature during the budding process. Extracellular particles were found in the alveolar lumen. Immature extracellular particles were rare. Mature extracellular JSRV was membrane-bound and had a slightly eccentric nucleoid with an electron-dense perinucleoidal space. In negatively stained preparations of JSRV the envelope was covered with spikes. JSRV is morphologically distinct from all known retroviruses. PMID- 6676697 TI - Research on zinc intake and elimination in the Japanese in the early 1980's. PMID- 6676698 TI - Treatment of lateral fracture of the femoral neck. PMID- 6676696 TI - Effects on the ciliary activity and morphology of rabbit's nasal epithelium exposed to tetrahydrofuran. PMID- 6676700 TI - Health examination with liver function tests of lead workers. PMID- 6676699 TI - Systemic Candida tropicalis infections following cryo-prostatectomy and laparotomy. Report of an autopsied case. PMID- 6676702 TI - Interruption of dot processing by a backward mask. AB - A white target field with 0-10 randomly positioned black dots was presented for 20 ms, and followed by a patterned mask with a duration of 200 ms. Subjects reported target numerosity, with strict or lax criteria. Numerosity functions, and control forced-choice discrimination results, supported an interruption model for backward masking by pattern, even for stimulus onset asynchronies as short as 50 ms. When the same targets were degraded by reducing their contrast, but not otherwise masked, results supported an integration model. PMID- 6676701 TI - A case of coagulation factor XII deficiency showed weak clot-formation. PMID- 6676704 TI - Instability in triangular-wave gratings: a role for perceptual inferences? AB - Recently it has been reported that a grating with a triangular-wave luminance profile may fluctuate between being perceived veridically , and as a percept which more closely resembles a square wave, and is itself bistable. Several additional percepts which may be experienced are reported. It is also noted that the relative dominance of two of these percepts can be altered by either physically present or inferred cues as to the probable direction of illumination. It is suggested that these observations implicate higher-level processes in this new form of perceptual instability. PMID- 6676705 TI - Visual apparent movement: transformations of size and orientation. AB - Sequential alternation between same-shaped stimuli differing in size (size ratio s) and orientation (angular difference v) produced a visual illusion of translation in depth and concurrent rotation. The minimum stimulus-onset asynchrony required for the appearance of a rigidly moving object was approximately a linearly increasing function of (s-1)/(s+1) for simple translation in depth and a linearly increasing function of v for simple rotation. The extrapolated zero intercept was lower for translation than for rotation, but estimated transformation times were additive in combined transformations. The results suggest that (a) the processes of apparent translation in depth and apparent rotation are individually sequential-additive in structure, and (b) apparent translations and rotations are combined by fine-grained alternation of steps of apparent translation and steps of apparent rotation. Similar principles account for recent data on imagined spatial transformations of visual size and orientation. PMID- 6676706 TI - Motion parallax information for direction of rotation in depth: order and direction components. AB - The work of Hershberger and his associates has demonstrated the effectiveness for judging direction of rotation in depth of several components of motion parallax. Confounding and conflicting results have made the status of two of these transformations, labeled Direction and Order, unclear. A study is reported in which the problems encountered in previous studies have been eliminated. College students correctly judged the direction of rotation of horizontal rows of dots which appeared to rotate in depth, which demonstrates that Direction and Order can, in fact, provide useful information about direction of motion in depth. PMID- 6676703 TI - Discrimination of spatiotemporal patterns: the role of sustained and transient mechanisms. AB - The role of sustained and transient mechanisms in pattern and flicker perception has been examined in two discrimination experiments. In the first, observers were required to analyze the temporal or spatial properties of a stimulus that highly stimulated either sustained or transient mechanisms. The results were only partially consistent with a model identifying sustained mechanisms with pattern perception and transient mechanisms with flicker perception. In the second experiment a subthreshold summation paradigm was used to explore interactions among those mechanisms that encode the temporal and spatial properties of a stimulus. The effect of a subthreshold temporal-frequency change on discrimination performance could not be explained by models in which temporal frequency and spatial-frequency changes are evaluated separately and then combined. PMID- 6676707 TI - Illusion of extent in simple angular figures. AB - With the exception of very small angles (less than 15 degrees) Heywood and Chessell found systematic misestimations of the baseline distances of angles. Here three experiments are reported two of which indicate that the baseline distances of a wide range of acute angles (less than 75 degrees) are overestimated while the third confirms Heywood and Chessell 's pattern of errors. The results are discussed with reference to a possible confounding present in the method used in the third experiment and, therefore, in the original Heywood and Chessell experiments. PMID- 6676708 TI - The cylinder configuration: when is a distortion an illusion? AB - A figure with one end rounded and the other concluding in an ellipse (the 'cylinder configuration') may appear longer than a rectangle of the same true length. It is proposed that when this configuration is processed as a three dimensional body, it provides a cue for object orientation which causes the perceptual system to make an adjustment in the direction appropriate for maintaining size constancy. This effect may be considered a normal perceptual adjustment, appropriately applied. When the cylinder configuration is embedded in a context which does not favour its being processed as three-dimensional, a weaker adjustment in length may still occur. It is suggested that this effect, which may properly be classified as an illusion, may arise through direct association of the critical pattern of lines with the process of lengthening produced by the size-constancy mechanisms. Some relations of the present configuration to the Muller-Lyer illusion, and implications for the latter, are also discussed. PMID- 6676709 TI - Things are deeper than they are wide: a strange error of distance estimation. AB - An error of distance judgement is reported: subjects judge a length seen in depth to be greater than the same length seen in width. In depth-to-width comparisons they underestimate depth, and in width-to-depth comparisons they overestimate width. This is hard to explain in both inferential and realist theories of three dimensional perception. Two plausible accounts of the error are proposed. PMID- 6676710 TI - Locus of habituation in the human newborn. AB - There is some controversy concerning the youngest age at which an infant will habituate to a visual stimulus or will prefer a novel to a familiar pattern. One suggestion has been that apparently successful reports of habituation and dishabituation in the newborn baby are attributable to retinal adaptation. This interpretation was tested in two experiments. In both experiments monocular conditions of viewing were used: newborns were habituated with one eye as the 'seeing' eye, and posthabituation novelty preferences investigated with the other eye. Significant preferences were found both for a novel colour (experiment 1) and for a novel shape (experiment 2), which implies that a retinal-adaptation model can be ruled out. It is suggested that the habituation effects and the subsequent novelty preferences found in the experiments are most reasonably interpreted as a function of memory formation, and evidence is presented for the storage of visual experience from birth. The results also demonstrate some form of binocular interaction in the newborn. PMID- 6676711 TI - Children's photograph selections and verbal reports in a spatial task. AB - The tendency for children to select a photograph of their own view of a scene when asked to represent the view seen by another observer in a different position has been attributed to an egocentric view of the world. It seems likely, however, that the egocentric response need not necessarily be related to the question of sensitivity to the viewpoints of others. Rather, it may reflect the way in which children treat two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional arrays in mental-rotation tasks. In the present investigation, strong visual and verbal cues were given for correct selection of a photograph of another observer's view in a perspective-shift task. Justifications for choices were required. Whilst floor effects were seen with children 3 to 4 years old, the responses of 8-year olds polarised into a choice between the correct and egocentric view, as Freeman would predict. Verbal justifications for these choices were mainly in terms of appropriate content. After first selection, this chosen view was removed from the array. Two-thirds of children who had chosen egocentrically then went on to choose correctly on a second attempt. It is suggested that the egocentric response may form an easier alternative for the child, but that the provision of such an alternative may prevent the child from displaying the knowledge that he or she has. PMID- 6676712 TI - Haptic dominance in form perception with blurred vision. AB - Three experiments are reported in which subjects were exposed to discrepant visual and haptic form information. Stained glass was used to blur vision and lower its accuracy close to the level of touch. Haptic dominance occurred with the large intersensory conflicts under study. It is proposed that touch may be dominant in form perception when vision is peripheral and blurry . PMID- 6676713 TI - The spatial characteristics of tactile form perception. AB - The perceived orientation of a raised letterform indenting the skin of the finger reverses (from normal to its mirror-image) when the letter is held in contact with the finger and both are rotated through 180 degrees about the axis of the finger. Thus, though the pattern of stimulated skin receptors remains constant, the perceived orientation of the letter reverses. On the basis of this observation it is proposed that tactual perception of object form involves assignment of a spatial coordinate system within which the patterns of skin stimulation are interpreted. In experiments in which the orientations of letters and subjects are systematically varied within the environment, the occurrence or nonoccurrence of reversal in perceived orientation of letters has been used to investigate the origin of the proposed spatial coordinate system; that is, whether it is assigned with respect to the observer ( egocentrically ) or with respect to the environment ( geocentrically ). The results indicate that the assignment of coordinates is determined by both egocentric and geocentric factors. It is proposed that the reversal phenomena observed in these experiments, and in experiments of others which involve drawing characters on the skin, are consistent with Gibson's proposal that it is object form which is directly perceived, but that this involves interpretation of the patterns of skin stimulation within a framework of spatial coordinates. PMID- 6676714 TI - Gustatory responses to nongustatory stimuli. AB - Subjects were required to give taste responses to days of the week and states of the USA, as well as colour responses. Some consistency of response was obtained over three sessions held at two-week intervals. The implications of such consistency of response to nongustatory stimuli for psychophysical taste description are discussed. PMID- 6676716 TI - [Epidemiology of urinary infections. I. Variations observed among ambulatory and hospitalized patients in the 5-year period 1977-1981]. PMID- 6676715 TI - On the plausibility of Superman's x-ray vision. AB - Requirements that a vision system must meet to make Superman 's x-ray vision possible are stated, and two solutions are proposed. In one, emitted x-rays carry the information to Superman 's eyes; in the other, emitted rays make objects transparent to a second type of ray. Further subjects lending themselves to this type of research are superhearing , the biomechanics of leaping tall buildings, or being faster than a bullet. PMID- 6676717 TI - [Bioserotypes of Yersinia isolated in Italy from 1979 to 1982]. PMID- 6676718 TI - [Evaluation of the incidence of toxoplasmosis in the resident population of the island of Panarea (Eolie)]. PMID- 6676719 TI - [Secondary prevention of epilepsy in school-age children: proposed action and preliminary survey]. PMID- 6676720 TI - [The use of the LB medium modified by preparation of Leishmania microcultures on glass slides]. PMID- 6676721 TI - [Functional restitution of the median nerve and the economic aspects after correction of inveterate injuries]. PMID- 6676722 TI - [Prevention of foot dermatoses]. PMID- 6676723 TI - [Thrombophlebitis. Incidence, complications and economic problems]. PMID- 6676724 TI - [Evaluation of the incidence of ornithosis based on serological studies]. PMID- 6676725 TI - [Trichinosis with a severe course and fatal outcome]. PMID- 6676726 TI - [Mechanisms of hospital infection and their classification in the United States]. PMID- 6676727 TI - Summary and recommendations of the Conference on Blood Lipids in Children: optimal levels for early prevention of coronary artery disease. American Heart Foundation, April 18 and 19, 1983. PMID- 6676728 TI - Hyperlipidemia as a risk factor in early life. PMID- 6676729 TI - Reference values and tracking of blood lipid levels in childhood. PMID- 6676730 TI - Strategies of screening for hyperlipidemia (dyslipoproteinemia) in school-age children in the Tokyo area. PMID- 6676731 TI - Therapy of familial and acquired hyperlipoproteinemia in children and adolescents. PMID- 6676733 TI - Dietary fats and adipose tissue fatty acid composition. PMID- 6676732 TI - Diet, drugs, and plasma exchange in the treatment of hyperlipidemia in childhood. PMID- 6676735 TI - The effect of magnetic fields on platelets, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in guinea pigs. AB - Exposure of guinea pigs to homogeneous magnetic fields as low as 0.005 T for 1 hour, 7 days a week, for 6 weeks led to a decreased platelet count; increased platelet aggregation; increased prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times; decreased fibrinogen and increased fibrinolysis. These effects were reversible within 2 months of discontinuation of exposure to the magnetic field. These results suggest an extensive hemorrhagic diathesis combined with a tendency toward thrombosis. Possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6676736 TI - 23Na NMR maps of head sized phantoms and a low resolution 23Na map of the live human head. AB - An NMR system capable of obtaining 23Na NMR signals and scans from large objects containing biological concentrations of sodium in a 411 gauss magnetic field in less than one hour was developed. Scans were carried out on 6"-8" diameter phantoms containing 150 mM NaCl and the first low resolution 23Na NMR map of a live human head was obtained. PMID- 6676737 TI - [Drug abuse in the Philippines]. PMID- 6676738 TI - [Alcohol and drugs: a continuous matter of concern]. PMID- 6676739 TI - [Epidemiological study of alcoholism in Japan]. PMID- 6676740 TI - [Survey on the status of drug abuse]. PMID- 6676741 TI - [Drug abuse as a social phenomenon in West Germany]. PMID- 6676742 TI - [Handwriting, alcoholism and depression]. PMID- 6676743 TI - [Rights of patients with mental disorders in psychiatry and the law]. PMID- 6676744 TI - [Professional ethics in psychiatry]. PMID- 6676745 TI - [World-wide abuse of psychiatry]. PMID- 6676746 TI - [Human rights and the law concerning mental patients in Japan]. PMID- 6676747 TI - [Ethical problem concerning experiments using mental patients in Japan]. PMID- 6676750 TI - [Ethical and legal aspects of psychiatric examination--an example in Akabori case]. PMID- 6676748 TI - [Trends in recognition of the rights of mental patients in Japan]. PMID- 6676749 TI - [Conflict between management of psychiatric hospitals and treatment of patients]. PMID- 6676751 TI - [Ethical problems in psychiatry: from the cultural viewpoint]. PMID- 6676752 TI - [Autopsy of a case of alcoholic cerebellar degeneration]. PMID- 6676753 TI - [Prevention of suicide]. PMID- 6676754 TI - [Basic and practical approach to human behavior in interpersonal relations]. PMID- 6676755 TI - [Current concept on primary prevention of mental disorders]. PMID- 6676756 TI - [Eye movement as a psychophysiological index of mental disorders]. PMID- 6676757 TI - [Psychiatry and sleep research]. PMID- 6676759 TI - [Possibility in psychophysiological psychiatry]. PMID- 6676758 TI - [Japanese psychiatry and psychoanalysis as imported cultural concept]. PMID- 6676760 TI - [Current trend in psychobiological research]. PMID- 6676762 TI - [Clinical approach to therapy-resistant schizophrenia by quantitative EEG analysis]. PMID- 6676761 TI - [Specific responses to drug therapy and Leonhard classification of chronic schizophrenia]. PMID- 6676763 TI - [Radioreceptor assay of serum psychotropic drug levels]. PMID- 6676765 TI - [New concept for therapy of manic and depressive disorders]. PMID- 6676764 TI - [Pharmacological characteristics of caerulein, a CCK-8 like peptide]. PMID- 6676766 TI - [Facotrs determining the resistance of depression to therapy]. PMID- 6676767 TI - [Prediction of resistance of depression to drug therapy by diagnostic scales]. PMID- 6676768 TI - [Therapy and clinical course of emotional disorders]. PMID- 6676770 TI - On downward causation in biological and behavioural systems. PMID- 6676769 TI - [Clinical significance of depot fluphenazine decanoate in therapy of acute psychotic disorders]. PMID- 6676771 TI - [Diagnostic status in chronic pancreatitis. Observations on 50 cases]. AB - The authors, after underlining the persistent interest for the problem of the chronic pancreatitis, especially about the diagnostic difficulty, refer the anamnestic, clinical and instrumental data concerning 50 patients with chronic pancreatitis examined in a period of ten years in Grosseto 's hospital. The authors discuss the most probable aetio -pathogenetic factors of chronic pancreatitis and review the numerous diagnostic methods at present available to study this disease, proposing future levels of research, on the basis of their significance, facility of execution, acceptability for the patient and cost, for a fit screening of the disease. PMID- 6676773 TI - The behavior of oxypurines in human primary gout. PMID- 6676772 TI - [Pseudomonas: considerations on its in vitro sensitivity to antibiotics]. AB - The Pseudomonas spp. increase more and more. The chemoantibiotics tested on 187 strains result 75% no sensitive and other 25% weakly sensitive. PMID- 6676774 TI - [The specific erythrocyte adherence method in the study of ABH antigens on normal and neoplastic bladder epithelium]. AB - The isoantigens A, B, and H, identical with those present in erythrocytes, are also present in epithelial cells of some normal tissues, included the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder. The cell surface ABH antigens can be detected with the specific erythrocyte adherence method (SEA), but could not be detected when carcinoma developed in this tissue: with rare exceptions, the loss of demonstrable antigens paralleled morphological anaplasia. We studied retrospectively by SEA test 51 specimens of urinary bladder, including 36 primary transitional cell carcinomas at the time of initial biopsy, and 15 controls. The SEA reaction was strongly positive in normal bladder epithelium, in vascular endothelium and in erythrocytes already present in sections, while was negative in connective tissue. 21 were classified as grade 0 (papilloma): in 19 of them the ABH antigens were fully or partially preserved, and the follow up from 5 to 15 years demonstrated no recurrences; the other 2 patients with negative SEA recurred locally. The only one graded as I, with strongly positive SEA, had not recurred in at least 6 years, 5 were classified as grade II; in 2 of graded as III, the SEA reaction was weakly positive in 3, while in remaining 6 the antigens were absent. The usefulness of the detection of ABH antigens as a prognostic tool in low grade and stage bladder carcinomas is confirmed by our data establishing the correlation of antigens deletion with subsequent clinical behavior. An alteration of blood group substance synthesis occurs in malignant epithelium, but it is not known whether it causes or results from malignant changes. The SEA method resulted highly sensitive and specific; however, the test is cumbersome and time-consuming, requires special expertise and shows some limitations, particularly the frequency of the occurrence of false-negative or weakly positive results in blood group O patients. PMID- 6676775 TI - [Clinico-statistical evaluation of the simultaneous clearance of sulfobromophthalein and galactose in chronic liver diseases]. AB - Sulfobromophthalein dye test and galactose tolerance test were performed, using both substances simultaneous i.v. injection, in 48 subjects with chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis (with and without ascites). As control group 10 normal subjects were tested. Sulfobromophthalein excretion constant ( K1BSF ) drawn from the first part of the retention curve, and the galactose excretion constant (K Gal) were considered. The following conclusions were obtained: a) K1 BSF and K Gal are well-correlated; b) K1 BSF appears more sensitive for a whole evaluation of liver involvement, in absence of evident jaundice (total serum bilirubin less than 6 mg/100 ml); c) K Gal is less reliable in presence of ascites because of the artificial increase in galactose plasmatic clearance provoked by the substance passage to the effusion fluid; d) the statistical analysis using discrimining function methods makes possible a better distinction among the various kinds of liver diseases; e) the same type of statistical analysis shows a difference between cirrhotics with ascites responding to medical therapy in comparison to treatment- resistent ascites. This fact may account for a different level of hepatic functional activity. PMID- 6676777 TI - [Evaluation of peak efficiency of high purity Ge detector in examination of volume samples]. AB - The Monte Carlo code PEAK was developed to calculate the peak efficiency of Ge(Li) and high purity Ge( HPGe ) detectors to voluminous sources of cylindrical and Marinelli -type shapes. The accuracy of the PEAK code has already been verified for Ge(Li) detectors and in this study its accuracy to HP Ge detectors was investigated. First, the sensitive region of the HP Ge detector was determined from the combination of the collimated beam and the standard point source experiments. By using this shape of the sensitive region, the peak efficiencies to radioactive agar, activated alumina and manganese dioxide samples encapsulated in a cylindrical vessel were calculated and showed very good agreement within about several % with the experimental results. PMID- 6676778 TI - [Evaluation of correlation between radioactivity and exposure rate of irradiated concrete and stainless steel]. AB - Cylindrical concrete and stainless steel blocks were irradiated one week by the cyclotron of Institute for Nuclear Study of University of Tokyo. Their gamma-ray activities were measured by a high-purity Ge( HPGe ) detector and simultaneously the residual exposure rates were measured by the GM survey-meter. Radionuclides and their gamma-ray activities were obtained by dividing the peak counts of the measured pulse height spectra by the peak efficiencies. For this purpose, the HPGe detector having known sensitive region in good accuracy was used, and its peak efficiency to these cylindrical sources was calculated by the PEAK Monte Carlo code including the self-absorption correction. The residual exposure rates were obtained from the simple analytical calculation by using these gamma-ray activities uniformly distributed in the concrete and stainless steel blocks. The calculated exposure rates showed very good agreement with those measured by the GM survey-meter. From this comparison, the relationship between gamma-ray activities and residual exposure rates were evaluated in good accuracy for these volume samples. PMID- 6676779 TI - [Whole body autoradiography by positron emitting radionuclides]. AB - The technique of freezing whole body autoradiography using positron emitting nuclides has been developed in the present study. Because of rapid decay of positron emitters, a frozen section to contact with a X-ray film must be prepared within a few hours. All the procedures to obtain autoradiograms of rats using 18F 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) or 11C-glucose-fructose mixture (11C glucose) were described in detail. In the present technique, exposure must be performed at -20 degrees C to keep a section frozen. Density of X-ray films after exposure at 20 degrees C or -20 degrees C was examined using various radioactive sections. The reduction of the density exposed at -20 degrees C was observed. But the density exposed at -20 degrees C was proportional to the radioactivity. Freezing whole body autoradiography of rats bearing subcutaneous AH109A tumors was performed using 18F-FDG (half life of 109.7 min) and 11C-glucose (half life of 20 min). Density of tumors and other organs on the autoradiogram was comparable with tissue distribution studies of 18F-FDG and 11C-glucose. Freezing whole body autoradiography can be feasible for the analysis of tissue distribution on positron emitting radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 6676776 TI - [Urine culture and antibiogram in 2 different populations (ambulatory and hospitalized). Considerations on 2155 tests performed consecutively]. AB - The authors report a their casuistry on 2155 between urinocultures and cultures of vescical catheters, pointing out an unexpected prevalence of Gram-positive germs and of that point out the possible causes. There are represented also some tables relative to the antibiotics tested for the single germs. PMID- 6676780 TI - Substoichiometric determination of mercury using 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol. AB - A substoichiometric radiochemical method for the determination of mercury has been developed using 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) as a chelating agent. The chelate was extracted at pH 9.5 ( Na2CO3NaHCO3 buffer) into chloroform. 15-65 micrograms of mercury was determined with an accuracy +/- 0.9%. Effects of many diverse metal ions have been studied and procedures were developed for the suppression of interference due to these ions. PMID- 6676781 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of a tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) kit- TPA as a tumor marker]. PMID- 6676783 TI - [The present state of nuclear medicine in Japan--a report on a nationwide survey using ICPM code of WHO]. PMID- 6676782 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of free triiodothyronine by Amerlex free T3 RIA kit]. PMID- 6676784 TI - [Ultrastructure of the nerves of the human heart]. PMID- 6676785 TI - [Relation between the sympathetic nervous system and the elevation of myocardial phosphorylase activity after ligation of the coronary artery]. PMID- 6676786 TI - [Control of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system by bilateral stellate ganglia: a comparison of blood epinephrine levels of the coronary arteries and veins of the right and left ventricles and the lateral wall]. PMID- 6676787 TI - [Role of myocardial catecholamines in myocardial diseases]. PMID- 6676788 TI - [Effect of maximum exercise on plasma catecholamines in patients with heart disease and on healthy subjects]. PMID- 6676789 TI - [Effect of lower extremity exercise on plasma catecholamine and peripheral venous pressure]. PMID- 6676790 TI - [Coronary vasospasm and catecholamine--coronary angiography and coronary sinus catecholamines during ergometric exercise test]. PMID- 6676791 TI - [New approach to peripheral airway lesions]. PMID- 6676793 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiogram in primary pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 6676792 TI - [Shift of the blood oxygen dissociation curve by pH and temperature--accuracy threshold of the equations for data adjustment in computation of blood oxygen saturation from oxygen partial pressure]. PMID- 6676794 TI - [Echocardiographic studies on left ventricular function in patients undergoing hemodialysis--comparison between acetate and bicarbonate dialysates]. PMID- 6676795 TI - [Echocardiographic studies on Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 6676796 TI - [Protective effect of nicardipine hydrochloride on the perfused ischemic canine myocardium]. PMID- 6676797 TI - [A case of functional alternating bundle branch block induced by premature atrial stimulation]. PMID- 6676798 TI - [Case of mitral stenosis with regression and elimination of left atrial thrombus after combined therapy of urokinase, dipyridamole and aspirin]. PMID- 6676799 TI - [Newly developed "cardiomoveogram" to measure cardiac motion based on the principle of electromagnetic field body motion measurement]. PMID- 6676800 TI - [Myasthenia gravis: respiratory care after thymectomy]. PMID- 6676801 TI - [Jugular venous pulse]. PMID- 6676802 TI - [Evolution of myocardial infarction elucidated by serial CPK technic, connected with chest pain duration and coronary arterial stenosis]. PMID- 6676803 TI - [Right and left ventricular function in patients with mitral stenosis]. PMID- 6676804 TI - [Distribution of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation in mitral stenosis with extreme pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 6676805 TI - [Effects of verapamil on supraventricular tachycardia--electrophysiological study]. PMID- 6676806 TI - [Hemodynamic and electrophysiological effects of intravenous injection of mexiletine]. PMID- 6676807 TI - [Right and left ventricular volume characteristics in patients with postoperative tetralogy of Fallot, with special reference to residual PSI and extent of outflow patch]. PMID- 6676808 TI - [Risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and the exercise test in males of professional level in Santiago]. PMID- 6676809 TI - [Comparative study of 2 treatment schedules with cimetidine in patients with duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6676810 TI - [Enteroparasitosis in children in kindergarten. Comparative study according to socioeconomic level]. PMID- 6676811 TI - [Esophageal perforation: experience in 42 patients]. PMID- 6676812 TI - [Embryopathy induced by oral anticoagulants]. PMID- 6676813 TI - [Chagas cardiopathy of acute course. Anatomo-clinical case]. PMID- 6676814 TI - [Clinical usefulness of the determination of serum bile acids]. PMID- 6676815 TI - [Hormonal regulation of ovum transport]. PMID- 6676816 TI - [Specialty certification system: an ad portas delayed reality]. PMID- 6676817 TI - [Characteristics of surgical services in Chile and the most frequently performed operations in different types of hospitals]. PMID- 6676818 TI - [Symptomatology of the lung]. PMID- 6676819 TI - [Current concepts on pulmonary sounds and murmurs]. PMID- 6676820 TI - [Research concerning the biodisposability of ephedrine hydrochloride tablets]. PMID- 6676823 TI - [Primary lipoatrophy in bands of the thigh and leg]. PMID- 6676822 TI - [Pelvi-genital echinococcosis]. PMID- 6676821 TI - [The production of antimycotic tablets with nystatin-polyvidone]. PMID- 6676824 TI - [Subacute bacterial endocarditis. I. Current diagnosis]. PMID- 6676827 TI - [Bacterial tolerant to antibiotics with action on the wall]. PMID- 6676826 TI - [Operative indications in lumbar disk hernia]. PMID- 6676825 TI - [Organization of health education in the field of oral and dental health of the population]. PMID- 6676828 TI - [Epidemiology of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases. IV. The epidemiologic process: pathways and mechanisms of response to factors of aggression in the mass of the population. Receptivity and adaptability]. PMID- 6676829 TI - [Clinical and laboratory aspects of 105 cases of tuberculous meningitis]. PMID- 6676831 TI - [Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Considerations on 9 cases]. PMID- 6676830 TI - Effects of glucagon on the human duodenal motility. PMID- 6676832 TI - [Chest injuries. Personal experience in 727 cases]. PMID- 6676833 TI - [Acute cholecystopancreatitis. Anatomo-clinical and therapeutic correlations]. PMID- 6676834 TI - [Considerations on 1641 cases of gastric cancers hospitalized and treated for 25 years (1955-1980) in the surgical department of the Suceava District Hospital]. PMID- 6676835 TI - [Drug resistance of pathogenic Staphylococcus in the hospital environment and in the general population, as an indicator of the negative implications of modern etiological therapy]. PMID- 6676836 TI - Experimental data concerning the use of neomycin perfusions in the subdural cerebral space in therapeutic of serious intracranial infections with special regard to the posttraumatic intracranial infections. PMID- 6676837 TI - [A case of ileal necrosis of unspecified etiology]. PMID- 6676838 TI - [Considerations on a case of darier's disease]. PMID- 6676839 TI - [Influence of estradiol on vascular and myocardial lesions in castrated female rats]. PMID- 6676840 TI - [Pharmacological testing of an acetylate derivative of glucose. II. Biochemical and pharmacodynamic data]. PMID- 6676841 TI - [Psychopathology of the interaction and victimology in the dynamics of dissociability]. PMID- 6676842 TI - [Geronto-pharmacological aspects of the digestive system]. PMID- 6676843 TI - [Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6676844 TI - [Morphological changes in the temporo-mandibular joint in pathological occlusion. I]. PMID- 6676847 TI - [Diagnostic, pathogenic and therapeutic bases of asthma. II. Pathogenic bases]. PMID- 6676845 TI - [Recuperation of patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6676848 TI - [Diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and Reye's syndrome]. PMID- 6676846 TI - [Ecotoxicology of chemical substances in the environment]. PMID- 6676849 TI - [Esophagogastric junction in patients with duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6676850 TI - [Depressive syndromes and reactive significance of mourning depression]. PMID- 6676851 TI - [Male hypogonadism. Case studies of the Endocrinological Clinic of Jassy 1975 1982]. PMID- 6676852 TI - C reactive protein in the early diagnosis and prognosis of neonatal septicemia. PMID- 6676853 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 6676854 TI - [Personal experience in thymus surgery]. PMID- 6676855 TI - [Therapeutic trends in recurrent anterior dislocation of the humerus]. PMID- 6676857 TI - [Differential diagnosis of lumbar disk hernia; 1500 cases]. PMID- 6676856 TI - [Lipomas of the small intestine and colon]. PMID- 6676858 TI - [Hospital epidemic outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus]. PMID- 6676859 TI - [Viral hepatitis in the Jassy district (1952-1980)]. PMID- 6676860 TI - [Circulation of influenza A (H3N2) virus in the winter and spring of 1983 in Moldavia]. PMID- 6676861 TI - [Non-specific anti-infectious defense factors in urological pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6676862 TI - [The effect of estrogens on serum gonadotropins, prolactin and testosterone in postmenopausal women]. PMID- 6676863 TI - [Acute poisonings in relation to circadian biorhythms]. PMID- 6676864 TI - [The level of blood and tissue catalase activity in various forms of human cancer]. PMID- 6676865 TI - [Possibilities of evaluating and improving the prognosis of cancer of the uterine cervix subjected to radiotherapy]. PMID- 6676866 TI - [Research on the interrelation of nutritional level and state of health in the rural population. II. Implication of some dietary factors favoring the appearance of arterial hypertension in rural areas]. PMID- 6676867 TI - [Senescence--an absolute risk factor in surgery of the digestive system?]. PMID- 6676868 TI - [Calcified ventricular aneurysm]. PMID- 6676869 TI - [A case of malignant degeneration of an aberrant intrathoracic goiter]. PMID- 6676870 TI - [Infantile acropapulosis syndrome]. PMID- 6676871 TI - [Anthropology and reconstitution]. PMID- 6676872 TI - [The psychopathology of interaction in psychiatric research and care of dissociative behavior]. PMID- 6676873 TI - [Indications and results of right intraventricular stimulation with implanted pacemakers]. PMID- 6676874 TI - [Multilateral and interdisciplinary study of children and young people for the purpose of optimizing the factors influencing behavior development. II. Structuring the model of personality development in the adolescent period]. PMID- 6676875 TI - The relationship between tabacism and pulmonary determination in the influenza. PMID- 6676877 TI - [Intrahepatic lithiasis]. PMID- 6676876 TI - [Abdominal injuries. Personal experience with 255 cases]. PMID- 6676878 TI - [Neurosurgical approach in tumors of the orbit]. PMID- 6676879 TI - [Circulation of enteroviruses in a pediatric ward]. PMID- 6676880 TI - [Evaluation of the state of health of pre-school and school children by a physical examination survey]. PMID- 6676881 TI - [Influence of central nervous stress on the dynamics of medullary excitability]. PMID- 6676882 TI - [Statistical analysis of several risk factors in cancer of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 6676884 TI - [Two cases of Mendelsohn syndrome]. PMID- 6676886 TI - Experimental study on the antitumoral activity of some N-mustards derivatives of the L-asparagic acid. PMID- 6676885 TI - [Correlations between candidiasis of the buccal cavity and various drug treatments]. PMID- 6676883 TI - [Gastric ulcer in the aged]. PMID- 6676887 TI - Ceruletide in the treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis. PMID- 6676888 TI - [Endoscopic cytology as an aid in the diagnosis of esogastric neoplasms]. PMID- 6676889 TI - [Pancreatic lymphangioma. Considerations on a case]. PMID- 6676890 TI - [A non-secreting adrenal cortex carcinoma of unusual size; surgery and cure]. PMID- 6676892 TI - [Evaluation of gynecomastia]. PMID- 6676891 TI - [Diagnostic problems in hypothyroid myopathy]. PMID- 6676893 TI - [Vitamin pharmacotherapy: between the necessary and dangerous]. PMID- 6676895 TI - [Indispensable values of the spirituality of our people: dignity and national pride]. PMID- 6676894 TI - [Policy of the Romanian Communist Party in the field of science]. PMID- 6676897 TI - [Echocardiography in coronary disease]. PMID- 6676896 TI - [The 9th Conference of neurologists of Moldova]. PMID- 6676899 TI - [Neurophysiological and biochemical criteria in the diagnosis of infantile autism]. AB - The author reviews some of the neurophysiological and biochemical date more relevant on the autism. Making emphasis in the EEG, evoked potentials and some metabolical determinations: MAO, HVA, 5-HIAA, COMT. PMID- 6676898 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of the most frequently used aminoglucosides: gentamycin, tobramycin and amikacin]. PMID- 6676900 TI - [Acute Q fever. Description of a case]. AB - In this paper is reported a case of Q fever which followed a clinical course with a syndrome of self-limited fever. Being discussed are those clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the disease; and emphasizing finally that Q fever is not an infrequent clinical entity in our midst. PMID- 6676901 TI - [A case of idiopathic retropneumoperitoneum, pneumoperitoneum, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema]. AB - We present a case of retropneumoperitoneum , pneumoperitoneum , pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in a caquectic 17 years old young man with an important depressive disorder . Several possible etiopathogenic factors are discussed, as well as the pathways of transmission of the pulmonary , mediastinic and abdominal gas. PMID- 6676902 TI - [Energy reclamation from hospital refuse]. PMID- 6676903 TI - [Educational orientation on human love. Holy Congregation for Catholic Education]. PMID- 6676905 TI - [Dust control in Belgian coal mines. Status at the beginning of 1983]. AB - The present communication gives a general view of the methods of dust control in the Belgian coal mines at the beginning of 1983. The statistical data received from the mines are presented in tabular form. The length and the output of coal treated by the classical methods of wet cutting and water infusion are given separately. The number of stone drivages in which different methods of dust control are used, is also given. PMID- 6676904 TI - [Diagnostic problems in rare types of pneumoconiosis]. AB - The problems encountered in diagnosing the rare types of pneumoconiosis ( silicatosis other than asbestosis, aluminosis and hard metals fibrosis), result from the difficulties in realising a good occupational anamnese and from the disease pattern by itself. The classical examinations, (X-rays of the thorax and lung function measurements), are not able to detect the cause of these diseases, which are fundamentally characterised by an absence of specificity. These last years, new methods of diagnoses (angiotensin converting enzyme, gallium scan, transbronchial biopsies, mineralogical, cytological and histological examinations of the lung tissues and of the bronchial alveolar lavage) were developed and progressively introduced in the daily practice in pneumology. Only the examination of lung biopsies and of the products of bronchial alveolar lavage, in particular the mineralogical examinations, may usefully orientate the diagnosis. The bronchial alveolar lavage has the advantage of an easy repetition and of a small invasive character. Moreover this technique is of a rather low financial cost. However the results of these examinations must be interpreted with the greatest caution, in function of the complete medical and occupational data. The experience following more than 500 BAL shows that the discovery of talc and kaolin is very significant for an exposition since these minerals were never observed among not exposed subjects. The evidence of these minerals argues also for the diagnosis of talcosis or kaolinosis if there are radiological lesions that are compatible with these diseases. On the other hand a recent study suggests that the identification of multinuclear macrophages and of tungsten and/of tantalum in the bronchial alveolar lavage is pathognomonic of the pathology of the hard metals. PMID- 6676906 TI - [Reverse-Y cardioplasty for achalasia]. PMID- 6676907 TI - [One stage operation for cases with funnel chest and heart disease]. PMID- 6676908 TI - [Results of combined resection of adjacent structures for lung cancer]. PMID- 6676909 TI - [Results of extended operation of advanced lung cancer in combination with adjacent organs]. PMID- 6676910 TI - [Relation between left atrial size and prognosis after surgery in mitral valve disease]. PMID- 6676911 TI - [Myasthenia gravis developed after extirpation of thymoma]. PMID- 6676912 TI - [Ventricular assist device system and clinical experience of 2 cases weaned from left ventricular assist device]. PMID- 6676913 TI - [Case of tetralogy of Fallot associated with rudimentary pulmonary valve- intracardiac repair with pulmonary valve insertion]. PMID- 6676914 TI - [Two cases of double valve replacement combined with enlargement of the aortic and mitral annuli]. PMID- 6676915 TI - [Myocardial electrode implanted for 12 years]. PMID- 6676916 TI - [Lung resection for aged patients]. PMID- 6676917 TI - [Early surgical treatment for type A acute aortic dissecting aneurysm]. PMID- 6676919 TI - Cimetidine and parietal cell regeneration in experimental wounds in rat gastric mucosa. A light and electron microscopic study. AB - Cimetidine, 75 mg/kg body weight, was given twice daily by gastric tube to rats with experimental gastric ulcers. After 130 days' treatment the rats were killed, and sections from the wounds and normal mucosa were prepared for light and electron microscopy. Light microscopic studies showed that the regenerating mucosa in the wounds was thicker in the cimetidine-treated animals than in the controls. Stereological analyses demonstrated no differences in mean size of the parietal cells or in parietal cell volume density between the cimetidine-treated and the untreated groups, but an increase in the secretory surface density was detected in the parietal cells from rats that had been given cimetidine. PMID- 6676918 TI - [Cytophotometric DNA analysis of carcinoma of the esophagus]. PMID- 6676920 TI - Effects of pyloroplasty, truncal vagotomy, and antrectomy on parietal cell regeneration in experimental gastric wounds in the rat. A light and electron microscopic study. AB - Parietal cell regeneration in cauterized gastric wounds was studied in rats after antrectomy (Billroth I), pyloroplasty, and truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty. Six to eight animals in each group were killed 90 or 130 days after operation, and in each rat stereological data were obtained from electron micrographs of 15 to 20 parietal cells from the wound area, from the normal mucosa beside the wounds, and from the mucosa in unoperated controls. Antrectomy reduced parietal cell size and mucosal thickness in normal mucosa and retarded parietal cell maturation and reduced mucosal thickness in the healing wounds. Pyloroplasty slightly reduced parietal cell size in normal mucosa and retarded maturation of the parietal cells in the wounds. If truncal vagotomy was added, the reduction in parietal cell size induced by the pyloroplasty was prevented in normal mucosa. PMID- 6676921 TI - Zinc absorption in patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - Zinc absorption was measured by whole-body counting in 10 patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis without steatorrhoea and in 8 healthy subjects. After oral administration of 65Zn the absorption was measured at regular intervals until a straight time/activity retention curve was obtained in a semilogarithmic system, whereafter it was calculated by extrapolation to time zero. Cirrhotic patients had a median absorption of 69% (27-90%), compared with 42% (25-67%) in healthy subjects (P less than 0.01). Median T1/2 of 65Zn as calculated from the retention curve was 156 days (83-280 days) in cirrhotic patients and 103 days (72-132 days) in healthy subjects (P less than 0.05). Median serum zinc value was 11 mumol/l (9-17 mumol/l) in cirrhotic patients and 16 mumol/l (12-17 mumol/l) in healthy subjects (P less than 0.01). Median erythrocyte zinc value was 224 mumol/l (205-281 mumol/l) in cirrhotics and 223 mumol/l (188-275 mumol/l) in healthy subjects (P less than 0.1). Six cirrhotic patients, of whom four took diuretics, had increased urinary zinc excretion (greater than 15 mumol/24 h). Zinc absorption seems intact in compensated alcoholic cirrhosis. The increased absorption and prolonged T1/2 of 65Zn might be compensatory to a moderate zinc depletion. PMID- 6676922 TI - Clofibrate, caloric restriction, supersaturation of bile, and cholesterol crystals. AB - Lipid composition, cholesterol saturation, and cholesterol crystal formation of gallbladder bile were studied in seven type-IV hyperlipoproteinemic subjects who did not have gallstones. Thereafter, biliary cholesterol solubilization was overloaded, first by clofibrate and then by caloric restriction treatment. Initially increased cholesterol saturation was still increased by both clofibrate and caloric restriction treatment, but none of the subjects developed cholesterol crystals in bile, indicating that they had a mechanism to maintain cholesterol in solution in the bile despite remarkable supersaturation. This suggests that the patients who are at risk of developing gallstones can be better selected by cholesterol crystal analysis of bile samples than by analysis of lipid composition of bile. PMID- 6676923 TI - Breast-feeding during infancy in patients who later develop Crohn's disease. AB - Breast milk is of importance for protection against infection and for normal development of the intestinal mucosa. This study is a case-control study comparing the length of the breast-feeding period of patients who later in life develop Crohn's disease with matched control individuals. In 308 matched pairs both patient and control were able to produce information concerning the length of their period of breast-feeding. The mean length of the breast-feeding period was 4.59 months among patients and 5.76 months among controls, a significant difference (p less than 0.01). Crohn's disease patients were particularly overrepresented among those with no or very short periods of breast-feeding. PMID- 6676924 TI - Assessment of disease activity in ulcerative colitis using indium-111-labelled leukocyte faecal excretion. AB - A new method of assessing disease activity in ulcerative colitis has been developed utilizing indium-111-labelled granulocytes. Faecal 111In excretion after intravenous administration of labelled granulocytes ranged from 1.1% to 45% of the injected dose in patients with ulcerative colitis, showing significant differences between mild, moderate, and severely active groups. There was a significant correlation between faecal 111In excretion and a clinical index based on the Crohn's disease activity index (r = 0.79, p less than 0.001) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.73, p less than 0.001). Quantitative faecal 111In-labelled granulocyte excretion is an objective and specific method of assessing disease activity in ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6676925 TI - Morphometric studies of parietal cells during basal conditions and during stimulation with pentagastrin in healthy subjects. AB - A morphometric study was carried out of parietal cells from seven healthy volunteers. Under gastroscopical control, biopsies were taken with a hydraulic capsule before and 30 min after stimulation with pentagastrin. No significant change was found in the absolute volume of the parietal cells or their nuclei during stimulation. When median values for the ultrastructure were compared, microvilli constituted 4.6% of the parietal cell volume during basal conditions and 9.3% during stimulation with pentagastrin. Tubulovesicular structures constituted 10.9% of the cell volume during basal conditions and 1.9% during stimulation. These ultrastructural differences between basal and stimulated conditions were statistically significant, with P = 0.02 using Wilcoxon's test for paired data. Similarly significant changes were found in the membrane area of the secretory canaliculus and the tubulovesicular structures. PMID- 6676928 TI - The personality pattern of patients with chronic peptic ulcer. A case-control study. AB - The personality assessment of 96 patients with gastric ulcer (GU) and 70 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) was carried out using the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF). Two control groups were used; one group comprised community controls and the other patient controls--that is, patients with cholelithiasis. Three of the four personality characteristics that distinguished female GU and/or DU patients from controls--emotional instability, tension, and anxiety--and the two characteristics that distinguished male GU patients--low enthusiasm and low self-control--are components of neuroticism. Female GU patients in exacerbation resembled those in remission, and GU and DU patients had similar personality profiles. Although a distinct personality pattern has yet to be identified in peptic ulcer, the results of this study and others suggest that both GU and DU are associated with the personality abnormalities of anxiety and neuroticism. PMID- 6676927 TI - Lysolecithin and glyceroglucolipids in gastric secretion of patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer. AB - Basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretions, collected (at 15-min intervals for 1 h) from six duodenal ulcer and six gastric ulcer patients, were analyzed for their content of lecithin, lysolecithin, and glyceroglucolipids. Whereas the glyceroglucolipid concentrations and the molar ratios of lysolecithin to lecithin (2.5:1) in basal and stimulated secretions from patients with duodenal and gastric ulcer were similar, significant (p less than 0.01) differences were noted between these two groups with regard to the lysolecithin contents. The basal secretions of patients with duodenal ulcer contained about 4.5-fold less (204 mumol/l) of lysolecithin than those from patients with gastric ulcer (932 mumol/l). After pentagastrin stimulation, the lysolecithin concentrations in the secretion from duodenal ulcer patients rose slightly (to 212 mumol/l), whereas a twofold decrease (to 440 mumol/l) in lysolecithin was observed in the secretion from patients with gastric ulcer. Statistically significant correlation between concentrations of lysolecithin and glyceroglucolipids was only observed in basal (r = 0.85, p less than 0.05) and stimulated (r = 0.93, p less than 0.01) secretions from patients with gastric ulcer. It is concluded that high concentrations of lysolecithin in the secretion of gastric ulcer patients results in the weakening of the gastric mucosal barrier by depleting its glyceroglucolipid component. PMID- 6676926 TI - Premedication in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A comparison of glucagon and atropine given in combination with diazepam and pethidine. AB - The effects of four premedication regimes on clinical variables regarded as important in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were evaluated in a double-blind randomized study. The drug combinations were diazepam/glucagon, diazepam/atropine, pethidine/glucagon, and pethidine/atropine. No significant difference was observed among the combinations of regimes or between diazepam and pethidine or between glucagon and atropine with regard to the variables duration of examination, vomiting, secretion and maximal pyloric opening. Pethidine was more effective than diazepam in reducing salivation and pyloric reflux. Glucagon was more effective than atropine in reducing motility and reflux and was also superior to atropine with regard to diagnostic accuracy. Glucagon caused less subjective discomfort than atropine 2 h and 1 day after the investigation. PMID- 6676929 TI - Elimination of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor from the circulation. A study in man. AB - The elimination of human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) from the circulation of man has been examined in two human volunteers. Serial samplings of blood and urine were made for 55 h, after a rapid intravenous infusion of 125I labeled human PSTI. The findings demonstrated a rapid initial elimination from the circulation. Within 30 min only 30% of the infused label remained (T1/2, 6 min). This was accompanied by the rapid appearance in the urine of radiolabel. Our results indicate that PSTI would prove a poor diagnostic marker for acute pancreatitis late in the course of the disease. This is opposed to the findings of Ogawa et al., who reported prolonged elevated circulating levels of PSTI weeks into the disease. However, they also noted rises of PSTI during acute pancreatitis in excess of 10 times the levels we have noted. Further exploration of population differences and the behavior of PSTI during acute pancreatitis are necessary to help resolve these findings. PMID- 6676930 TI - Relationship between morphological findings and function of the small intestine in familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. AB - Twenty-seven patients with familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy were studied with regard to the morphology of the small intestine, and this was correlated to symptoms and malabsorption features. The mucosa was normal in all cases investigated by the dissecting microscope, the light microscope, and the scanning electron microscope. Amyloid was demonstrated in 83% of the cases by the presence of green birefringent material in the biopsy specimens stained with alkaline Congo red and examined in polarized light. Nineteen patients had steatorrhea, and 12 had pathological D-xylose test results. The degree of amyloid infiltration did not correlate with these data, nor did the symptomatic state correlate with the amount of amyloid in the biopsy specimens. The surface ultrastructure was normal when investigated by means of the scanning electron microscope in all patients except five in whom the glycocalyx was altered. As a group, however, those five did not differ in any respect from the rest of the patients. Rod-shaped microorganisms were shown to adhere to the surface in one patient. The results suggest that mechanisms other than bowel-wall deposition of amyloid cause the dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract in familial amyloid polyneuropathy. PMID- 6676931 TI - [The physician's conflict and transformation]. PMID- 6676932 TI - [The importance of peripheral-arterial occlusive diseases in medical practice. Conclusions from the Basel study]. AB - Based on prospective epidemiological studies, tentative conclusions concerning the place of occlusive peripheral artery disease ( OPAD ) in general practice are presented. For men aged 35-64 the 5-year incidence of OPAD was found to be 76%, i.e. 3 times higher than that of intermittent claudication. In a high percentage of cases new occurrences of OPAD were predictable by the risk profile at entry. Men with 3 risk factors had an incidence of 114% compared to 20% in those free of risk at entry. A comparative 11-year follow-up of 273 men with OPAD and 273 age matched, randomly selected controls without OPAD , revealed a moderate incidence of local complications (3% amputations) but an impressive excess mortality of 33% vs 11%, mainly due to coronary heart disease. The high correlation between the risk profile on the one hand and morbidity/mortality on the other emphasizes the need for action against risk factors. The efficacy of measures for the improvement of the risk profile and the reduction of cardiovascular mortality is discussed on the basis of the so-called " Mister Fit Study". PMID- 6676933 TI - [Clinical aspects of arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities. Side-branch thrombosis and arterio-arterial embolism]. AB - Branch thrombosis is an occlusion of an arterial branch while the main artery driving blood into the limb is normal. This situation may be observed in iliaca interna or femoralis profunda arteries; ankle systolic pressure is normal despite typical intermittent claudication. Diagnosis of branch thrombosis must be confirmed by arteriography. There are 3 different kinds of arterio-arterial emboli, i.e. emboli coming from proximal arterial wall: (1) emboli deriving from an arterial aneurysm, (2) emboli of atheromatous plaques, often caused by an invasive medical procedure, and (3) cholesterol emboli, often spontaneous, occluding 50-500 micron diameter arteries. Clinically, the disease resembles vasculitis and may simulate periarteritis nodosa. PMID- 6676934 TI - [Non-invasive evaluation of peripheral arterial occlusive disease]. AB - By means of the 3 basic methods of oscillography , ankle pressure determination by Doppler ultrasound, and ergometric exercise testing, most patients with peripheral artery occlusive disease can be adequately evaluated. Thorough non invasive diagnosis is rewarding, particularly with regard tot he currently available invasive therapeutic methods. PMID- 6676935 TI - [Outcome after hospital rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarct]. AB - A series of follow-ups were carried out in 947 patients who had 12 to 28 months previously (average 16.6 months) undergone a period of rehabilitation at this clinic in Gais . 17 patients were not traced, but from the remaining 930 patients, 35 (3.8%) had died of cardiac disorders, 21 had had nonfatal infarctions, and 51 patients had undergone aortocoronary bypass operation by the follow-up period. The prevalence and grade of angina pectoris (NYHA functional classification) in 816 patients from whom data was obtained remained unchanged. Even after exclusion of all patients with reinfarction or bypass surgery, there was no increase in the severity of angina pectoris in the remaining 752 patients. 705 patients had returned to work, 555 of whom were still in full employment and 118 part-time , while 32 remained active housewives. From the remaining 112 patients who were not working, 55 had retired. In conclusion, a stable course and high grade of employment were observed during the first year after infarction in patients who had undergone a course of rehabilitation at this clinic. PMID- 6676936 TI - [Clonidine transdermal therapeutic system in essential hypertension: effect and tolerance]. AB - The antihypertensive efficacy and side effects of a transdermal therapeutic system containing 2.5 mg clonidine (clonidine-TTS) was investigated in 21 patients with essential hypertension over a period of 10 weeks. The system was designed to release 0.1 mg clonidine/24 h. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell from 160 +/- 17/106 +/- 7 mm Hg to 139 +/- 16/91 +/- 8 mm Hg after 4 weeks and to 135 +/- 14/89 +/- 8 mm Hg after 10 weeks (p less than 0.001). Sufficient blood pressure control was achieved by one clonidine-TTS weekly in 24% and by 2 clonidine-TTS in 33% of the patients. 43% of all cases required additional oral therapy with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide/day. However, antihypertensive action was accompanied by a high incidence of local skin reactions. These skin reactions with erythema, itching and red papules occurred in 6 of the 21 patients (29%) after treatment with TTS for at least 4 weeks. Patch testing with the various components of clonidine-TTS in 4 patients identified clonidine-allergy of delayed type in 3 cases. Typical clonidine side effects such as fatigue, dry mouth, constipation and sexual disturbances were moderate. It is concluded that clonidine-TTS has a good and continuous antihypertensive action. However, the high incidence of skin reactions limits its use in the treatment of essential hypertension. PMID- 6676937 TI - [Risk factors in coronary arteriosclerosis in women]. AB - 108 women aged 28 to 74 years underwent cardiac angiography for evaluation of chest pain or other heart disease. 29 were found to be free of coronary disease and formed a control group. Multi-variable analysis indicated that hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, familial coronary disease and diabetes were the most relevant atherogenic risk factors. PMID- 6676938 TI - [Effect of various types of liver diseases on the behavior of cefoperazone]. AB - Cefoperazone is a third generation cephalosporin mainly excreted by the biliary route. Hepatic dysfunction may have a pronounced effect on its pharmacokinetic behaviour. Sixty liver patients (acute viral hepatitis, alcoholic fatty liver and liver cirrhosis), without overt renal disease, have been studied and compared to controls. In liver disease the total clearance of cefoperazone is markedly decreased by reduction of extrarenal clearance, which is variable for each type of liver injury. Renal clearance does not change or may even increase, when hypoalbuminemia is present and compensates the reduction in extrarenal clearance. PMID- 6676939 TI - [Atopy and generalized allergic reactions to insect stings]. AB - 458 patients with systemic allergic reactions following hymenoptera stings were investigated with regard to the incidence of atopic disease. Personal atopy (13.7%) and a family history of atopy (26.4%) were not found more frequently than in a normal population. The age of the first manifestation of hymenoptera sting allergy was however significantly lower in atopic than in non-atopic patients, sensitization occurred following a smaller number of stings and there was a preponderance of respiratory symptoms. PMID- 6676940 TI - [Demonstration of drug-specific IgE and IgG antibodies using RIA: clinical importance as shown with nomifensin (Alival)]. AB - Serum samples from 41 patients who developed adverse reactions during therapy with nomifensine were screened by RAST-based immunoassay for specific IgE and IgG antibodies against nomifensine and three of its metabolites. The results were compared with those of 10 patients without side effects and with 8 non-treated controls. Nomifensine-specific IgE antibodies were found in none of the subjects. However, all patients treated with nomifensine (with and without side effects) had specific IgG antibodies. The antibody cross-reacted in all cases with the metabolites. The titers did not discriminate clearly between the different side reactions and only partially between the presence or absence of a side reaction. The finding of specific anti-drug IgG antibodies warrants more detailed investigation of immunological mechanisms, to determine the clinical relevance of these antibodies and identify patients at risk for serious side effects. PMID- 6676941 TI - The problem of determining and estimating health. PMID- 6676942 TI - [Survey of the fertility of the female population of Romania, 1978]. PMID- 6676943 TI - Study on the detection and epidemiology of risk factors in ischemic cardiopathy in some localities of Bihor County. PMID- 6676944 TI - [Determination of current exposure to carcinogens as a requirement for the organization of preventive measures]. PMID- 6676945 TI - Reasons for starting the anti-tobacco campaign. Remarks on the situation in the Socialist Republic of Romania. PMID- 6676946 TI - Suicide: rights and rationality. PMID- 6676947 TI - Suicide and ethical theory. PMID- 6676948 TI - Self-ownership and the ethics of suicide. PMID- 6676949 TI - Self-regarding suicide: a modified Kantian view. PMID- 6676950 TI - Suicide and the failure of modern moral theory. PMID- 6676951 TI - Coercive suicide prevention: a libertarian perspective. PMID- 6676952 TI - Clinical implications of moral theory regarding suicide. PMID- 6676953 TI - Contemporary philosophical literature on suicide: a review. PMID- 6676955 TI - The basis for the choice of treatment of duodenal ulcer: how does it differ in developing and developed countries? PMID- 6676954 TI - Sphincter preserving surgery for rectal neoplasia. PMID- 6676957 TI - Solid amoebic liver abscess. PMID- 6676956 TI - Immunology of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6676958 TI - High resolution ultrasonic imaging by controlled averaging of backscattered signals. AB - A new synthetic aperture technique for obtaining ultrasonic images with a high resolution is described. The attained resolution is in the order of the ultrasonic wavelength and, when using a 5 MHz unfocussed beam, amounts to 0.3 +/- 0.1 mm, i.e. it is much smaller than the diameter of the sound beam. Measurements have been performed on a model specimen consisting of a two-dimensional array of threads. The distance between the threads were chosen to approximate to the macroscopic fibre spacing of 1.5 mm +/- 0.3 mm in human muscle. PMID- 6676959 TI - Gelatine-alginate complex gel: a new acoustically tissue-equivalent material. AB - Methods are described for the preparation of gelatine-alginate complex gels and measurements are reported of certain of their acoustic and physical properties relevant to their use as tissue-equivalent phantoms in medical ultrasonics applications. Speed of sound at 20 degrees C is 1520 ms-1 with a coefficient of +2.6 ms-1/degrees C. Attenuation coefficient in unloaded gel is 0.12 dB cm-1 MHz 1 (varying approximately linearly with frequency) but can readily be increased to at least 0.5 dB cm-1 MHz-1 by loading the gel with polyethylene or lipid microspheres. Volume stability under conditions of water immersion without an impermeable boundary layer is within about +/- 2% over a 300 day period, an improvement by a factor of at least 25 on both simple and cross-linked gelatine gels, and stability against chemical or bacterial degradation can also readily be maintained. PMID- 6676961 TI - Improvement of pancreatic ultrasound imaging after secretin administration. AB - The pancreas is usually well recognized by ultrasound, but in some cases it is obscured by the presence of gas in the stomach and duodenum. Water and other orally administered fluids produced poor results. In this study we stimulated pancreatic juice secretion by a standard dose of intravenous secretin in 24 normal subjects, and continuously monitored the pancreatic region for a period of 20 min. Four to five minutes after hormone administration pancreatic juice outflow into the duodenum generated a fluid-filled echofree area around the head of the pancreas, allowing excellent visualization of its boundaries and other channel structures (distal common bile duct, pancreatic duct and gastroduodenal artery). This method should be utilized in selected patients whenever a pathological condition of the pancreatic head region is suspected. PMID- 6676960 TI - Migrations of fluid of pancreatic origin: ultrasonic and CT study of 28 cases. AB - Efficacious management of migratory collections of pancreatic origin requires precise topographic diagnosis. Such collections can be multiple, atypical and ubiquitous, extending from the mediastinum down to the pelvis, within peritoneal recesses and retroperitoneal spaces, and even within viscera such as the liver, spleen or kidney. Sonography and CT are complementary in the diagnosis and management of such collections. PMID- 6676962 TI - Transgastric ultrasonography of the pancreas. AB - This is a report of initial experience gained with the transgastric diagnostic examination of the pancreas in a total of 80 patients. The examinations were carried out with two different instruments. One of the two fiberscopes carries on its tip a mechanical sector scanner, the scan plane of which is angulated through 90 degrees vis-a-vis the longitudinal axis of the instrument. The other ultrasonic endoscope is provided with an ultrasonic linear array assembly arranged along the longitudinal axis of the instrument. The sonic frequency is 7 and 7.5 MHz, respectively, so that the quality of resolution obtained is equal to that of a "small parts" scanner. Intubation of the stomach is readily possible with either instrument. In contrast, owing to the relatively long flexible tip of the instrument, intubation of the duodenum proved impossible in about one quarter of the patients, in particular when the duodenum was deformed by scar tissue. The topographic-anatomic orientation proved difficult, in particular since the scan planes are strictly determined by the position of the endoscope. A systematic examination of the pancreas in two planes is, as a result, virtually impossible. All in all, therefore, the technique must be considered merely as a supplementary procedure to external diagnostic ultrasonography. Thanks to its superior resolution, and the avoidance of such obstacles as "bowel gas", however, it is capable, as a supplementary examination, of providing additional diagnostic information about lesions of the pancreas. PMID- 6676963 TI - Evaluation of the pancreatic duct: a reappraisal based on a retrospective correlative study by sonography and pancreatography in 117 normal and pathologic subjects. AB - A retrospective study of 117 normal and pathologic pancreatic ducts by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), with ultrasonic correlation in 80 cases, confirmed the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of ductal dilatation. The specificity of ultrasound is good: the ultrasonic discovery of a dilatation constitutes a relevant feature. Sensitivity is however poor, particularly in moderate and localized dilatations: a suggestive clinical picture requires ERCP even if sonography is in favor of a normal pancreatic duct. Correlative measurements show discrepancies, with higher ERCP values in normal subjects. The average ERCP diameter in the corporeal ductal segment is 2.6 mm. Until correlative results arising from a prospective study are available, the ultrasonic diagnosis of ductal dilatation must take into account the high normal values demonstrated by ERCP. PMID- 6676964 TI - Diabetic corneal neuropathy. AB - Corneal epithelial lesions can be found in approximately one-half of asymptomatic patients with diabetes mellitus. These lesions are transient and clinically resemble the keratopathy seen in staphylococcal keratoconjunctivitis. Staphylococcal organisms, however, can be isolated in equal percentages from diabetic patients without keratopathy. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was found to be related to the presence of diabetic keratopathy after adjusting for age with analysis of covariance. The strongest predictor of both keratopathy and corneal fluorescein staining was vibration perception threshold in the toes (P less than 0.01); and the severity of keratopathy was directly related to the degree of diminution of peripheral sensation. Other predictors of keratopathy were: reduced tear breakup time (P less than 0.03), type of diabetes (P less than 0.01), and metabolic status as indicated by c-peptide fasting (P less than 0.01). No significant relationships were found between the presence of keratopathy and tear glucose levels, endothelial cell densities, corneal thickness measurements, the presence of S epidermidis, or with duration of disease. It is our conclusion that asymptomatic epithelial lesions in the nontraumatized diabetic cornea can occur as a manifestation of generalized polyneuropathy and probably represent a specific form of corneal neuropathy. PMID- 6676965 TI - Fluorescein glucuronide: can this metabolite interfere with fluorescein tracer studies? PMID- 6676966 TI - An evaluation of the clinical role of vitreous fluorophotometry. PMID- 6676967 TI - The drainage of subretinal fluid. AB - Drainage of subretinal fluid was performed in 84% of a consecutive series of 662 scleral buckling procedures. Complications of drainage occurred in 5.6% of cases, and the ultimate anatomical success rate in the series was 94.2%. Ninety-seven percent of failures were due to massive PVR, but this process was not associated with complications of surgery. Although drainage of subretinal fluid is a potentially hazardous maneuver, complications of this procedure are an uncommon cause of anatomical failure in retinal detachment surgery. PMID- 6676968 TI - Subretinal cellular bands. AB - Subretinal cellular proliferation manifests itself in such a way that, with newer techniques in microsurgery, this previously often untreatable condition can be managed. Study of the ultrastructural components of the band suggests that it originates from pigment epithelium. PMID- 6676969 TI - Strabismus after retinal detachment surgery. AB - In conclusion, we can summarize our experience as follows: Exoplants oriented radially and wherever placed can be productive of important degrees of astigmatism and diplopia. In our experience, they are often associated with torsional diplopia; Surgery under the rectus muscles may be responsible for adhesions and limitations of excursion of the globe; Anteriorly placed exoplants, especially those placed under the rectus muscles and particularly temporally or below, are apt to erode the overlying muscle sheath and tendon; a muscle so eroded may sometimes be found reattached to the globe just posterior to the exoplant; Repeated surgical intervention, perhaps in association with careless or inaccurate closure of the periocular tissues, Tenon's fascia and conjunctiva, may be important factors in the production of strabismus; Factors which have not been responsible for strabismus as far as we can tell are encircling elements without exoplants and intraoperative detachment and reattachment of the extraocular muscles. I know of no instance where these alone have been productive of an important postoperative strabismus. PMID- 6676970 TI - Xenon arc photocoagulation of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (a review of 2688 consecutive eyes in the format of the diabetic retinopathy study--DRS). AB - Over 2500 xenon arc-treated eyes which would have qualified for inclusion in the DRS were reviewed in the format of the DRS. When comparable risk groups were compared, the results of treatment were even more favorable than reported in the DRS without the severe complications attributed to xenon treatment in the DRS. A critical analysis of the DRS gives clues for the greater amount of visual loss found with xenon than argon in the DRS. Since these complications may be avoidable in some cases and since xenon has been shown to be at least as effective as argon, it should continue to be used in the treatment of PDR. PMID- 6676971 TI - Uveal effusion syndrome: a new hypothesis concerning pathogenesis and technique of surgical treatment. AB - It is hypothesized that the primary underlying cause of the idiopathic uveal effusion syndrome is a congenital anomaly of the sclera, and in some cases, the vortex veins. Superimposed aging and hormonal changes in the sclera and its emissary channels impair its permeability to protein and predispose the eye to vortex vein obstruction. The inability of the eye to transport extravascular protein across the abnormal sclera is probably the cause of prolonged exudative detachment of the uvea and retina in these patients. Partial thickness sclerectomies and sclerostomies without choroidal puncture in each quadrant near the equator caused prompt resolution of long-standing uveal and bullous retinal detachment in two eyes. PMID- 6676973 TI - Intraocular lenses: complications and visual results. PMID- 6676974 TI - Asymmetric pigment dispersion syndrome. AB - The hypothesis proposed by Campbell goes a long way to clarify the loss of pigment from the posterior iris pigment epithelium in PDS. However, the present series of cases of either asymmetric PDS (cases 1 to 3) or early developing PDS (cases 5 to 7) suggest that other factors appear to play a role in addition to mechanical rubbing. These other factors await further identification. PMID- 6676972 TI - Lensectomy-vitrectomy in chronic uveitis. AB - Cataract extraction in patients with chronic uveitis may be hazardous, although recent studies have indicated an improvement in prognosis using lensectomy vitrectomy techniques in selected cases of uveitic cataracts. The results of lensectomy-vitrectomy in 12 eyes with uveitic cataract are reported. All patients had improvement in vision. No significant "flare-up" of the underlying uveitis occurred. The importance of extensive preoperative evaluation is emphasized. The major cause of decreased acuity postoperatively was persistent cystoid macular edema, a complication of chronic inflammation. PMID- 6676975 TI - Argon laser trabeculoplasty in the treatment of secondary glaucoma. PMID- 6676977 TI - Orbital extension of choroidal melanoma: within a long posterior ciliary nerve. AB - Following enucleation, an epithelioid type of malignant choroidal melanoma involving the posterior pole was grossly and histologically found to exhibit direct extraocular extension along the emissary for the long posterior ciliary artery and nerve on the temporal side. In addition to a small tumor nodule on the outside of the sclera, melanoma extension was found up to the cut end in the otherwise well preserved ciliary nerve. After tenonectomy, additional extraocular melanoma extension in the core of this long posterior ciliary nerve was demonstrated for a total distance of 5 mm. As a result of the present findings, intraneural melanoma extension into the orbit by the way of a ciliary nerve has to be added to the other possible ways of direct extraocular melanoma extension. PMID- 6676976 TI - A course in surgical technique for residents in ophthalmology. PMID- 6676978 TI - The visceral nuclei of the oculomotor complex. AB - A series of experiments in monkeys utilizing the fluorescent tracer substances, FB and NY, injected into the ciliary ganglion have demonstrated labeling in three distinct regions in the mesencephalon: (1) the AM, (2) the NP, and (3) the EWN. Further, it was shown that the caudal extensions of the EWN reached to the level of the CCN of the somatic complex and that the LVC divided into a major and accessory column at the junction of the middle and posterior one-third of the somatic complex. The latter finding, ie, projections from the LVC to the ciliary ganglion in concert with the known connections of the retinorecipient areas in the pretectum with the visceral nuclei, allowed the formation of postulates about the reflex pupillary light pathways. PMID- 6676979 TI - Funduscopically controlled scotometry. AB - The following is a brief summary of the results in our ten groups of cases. The positive features of laser scotometry are emphasized. The normal response is well defined: there are no uncertain blind spot margins. The peripheral field is probably extended beyond 60 degrees nasally and superiorly. The size and shape of the small central scotomas associated with macular holes are easily defined and correlated directly with the visible edge of the hole. This result is distinct from the intact subjective response with cystoid maculopathy and surface wrinkling retinopathy. Plotting the margins of peripheral abnormalities such as retinal detachments, retinoschisis, and lattice degeneration is easily done. Schisis is distinguished by an absolute scotoma. This scotometry is facilitated by a larger "normal" field with the laser instrument. Lattice degeneration causes a field defect. A branch retinal artery occlusion shows a slightly jagged border, difficult to detect by standard methods. A cotton-wool spot does not show a total nerve-fiber-bundle defect. Small absolute scotomas are correlated with degenerative changes within nevi. Degenerative changes over small melanomas--ie, the orange spots--also produce absolute field defects. "Bear track" lesions have a normal field, whereas dense black isolated lesions are associated with absolute scotomas. In macular degeneration the bright laser test object is usually visible to the patient within detachments of neuroepithelium, detachments of the pigment epithelium, and over recent subretinal neovascularization. Response is absent over sharply-defined zones of pigment atrophy and over late subretinal fibrovascular mounds. In contrast to the degenerative cases, a selection of hereditary cases showed no direct correlation between the zone of pigment atrophy and the zone of absolute scotoma. The scotoma was much larger than the atrophic region, extending to the edge of the cream-colored subretinal spots. The laser target method sharply defines the absolute scotoma associated with papilledema. It also detects a slit-like nerve-fiber-bundle defect, suggesting progressive damage. Small, but possibly not the earliest, scotomas associated with glaucoma can be detected with laser scotometry. In some cases they are detected when the Goldmann perimetric field is normal. Late residual visual fields are easily defined, since fixation can be directly monitored. The vertical border of hemianopic defects can be defined within one degree of accuracy. PMID- 6676981 TI - Orbital manifestations of Erdheim-Chester disease. AB - The ophthalmological changes in two patients with Erdheim-Chester disease are described. These consist of exophthalmos, ophthalmoplegia, xanthelasma, optic disc swelling, blindness due to optic atrophy, retinal striae, and bilateral enhancing orbital masses on CT scan. The clinical and histopathologic findings of Erdheim-Chester disease are reviewed and the manifestations in two patients with orbital change are presented. This is believed to be the first report describing the ophthalmological manifestations of Erdheim-Chester disease. Our observations support the view that Erdheim-Chester disease is unrelated to the histiocytosis X group. PMID- 6676980 TI - Saccadic velocity measurements in strabismus. AB - Traditional evaluation of strabismus has included cover test measurements, evaluation of the range of ocular rotations, and an array of subjective sensory tests. These studies could not always differentiate paresis of an extraocular muscle from restrictions and from various neuro-ophthalmic motility disorders. The measurement of horizontal and vertical saccadic movements can provide an objective test of rectus muscle function. Using EOG, saccades can be recorded easily, inexpensively, and repeatably at any age. In ocular muscle paresis or paralysis, saccadic speed is reduced mildly to markedly and can be used to monitor recovery. Assessment of saccadic velocity does not appear useful in evaluating superior oblique palsy, although it is valuable in sixth nerve palsy, Duane's syndrome, and third nerve palsy. When restrictions are the major cause of limited rotation, as in thyroid ophthalmopathy and orbital floor fracture, saccadic speed is unaffected. The induction of OKN or vestibular nystagmus is helpful in the study of children too young to perform voluntary saccadic movements. In patients with limitation of elevation or depression, this technique can separate innervational from mechanical causes of diminished rotation. The specific saccadic velocity pattern in myasthenia gravis, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and Mobius' syndrome is helpful in differentiating these disorders from other neuroophthalmic motility problems. Transposition surgery of the rectus muscle is effective because of an increase in force, seen as an improvement in saccadic velocity and resulting from the change of insertion of the muscles. Saccadic velocities can also be of assistance in diagnosing a lost or disinserted muscle following surgery for strabismus. Although analysis of saccadic velocity is not required for the proper evaluation of all problems in strabismus and motility, it can be of inestimable value in the diagnosis of many complex and confusing disorders. Together with forced duction testing, a clinical profile can be obtained concerning muscle force and muscle and orbital restrictions, which are required information for appropriate surgical planning. PMID- 6676982 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa: clinical observations and correlations. AB - This thesis presents the results of a study of 384 eyes of 192 patients with a mean age of 39.1 years who presented with typical retinitis pigmentosa. The major findings are outlined below, together with suggested hypotheses: Cataract was found in 46.4% of the eyes. Among these, 93.6% showed posterior subcapsular opacification. The incidence of cataract increased with age. The vitreous degeneration that is characteristic of the RP syndrome and begins in childhood was described as showing dust-like, particulate matter throughout the gel; posterior vitreous separation; formation of a posterior matrix of coarse, white, interconnected strands and opacities; and final collapse of the residual gel. Ultrastructural studies of vitreous material from eight eyes revealed that the particles were isolated pigment granules and the coarse strands were composed of condensed collagen fibers. Notwithstanding the vitreous degeneration and prevalence of myopia in RP, neurosensory retinal breaks and/or rhegmatogenous detachment were found in only 7 (1.8%) of the 384 eyes studied. Premature separation of the vitreous from the retina, absence of lattice retinal degeneration, and perhaps a stronger than normal RPE-neurosensory retinal bond are thought to be possible protective factors. Rather than searching for a "toxin," elaborated by diseased retina, that causes vitreous degeneration and cataract formation, it is suggested that the ocular media be studied for an absence of moieties that are normally produced by healthy retina for vitreous and lens maintenance. The classic criteria for diagnosis of RP were met by 96.3% of eyes that showed retinal vascular attenuation and by 52.0% that showed pallor of the optic disc. Less frequent manifestations included solitary retinal hemorrhage, peripheral microaneurysms, telangiectasia, and fluorescein leakage at the macula and disc. Seven additional cases with a Coats'-like retinal detachment were added to the 14 already presented in the literature. Two of the seven had autosomal dominant RP, the first such cases reported. The vascular malformations and detachments were most often inferior. Unlike typical Coats' syndrome, the condition was usually bilateral, showed no sex preference, and appeared to affect older individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6676983 TI - Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome: a theory of mechanism and distinctions from the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. AB - Twenty-four patients with the diagnosis of Axenfeld's anomaly or Rieger's anomaly or syndrome were the subjects of a clinical study, which included specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium in 16 cases and fluorescein angiography of the iris in 5. Histopathologic material was obtained from ten eyes of eight of these patients (one enucleated eye and nine trabeculectomy specimens) and was studied by light and electron microscopy. The overlapping of ocular and nonocular defects in these patients prevented subclassification according to traditional criteria. Any attempted subdivision appears to have minimal clinical value, and a single classification for the disease spectrum is believed to be more practical. The collective term Axenfeld-Rieger (A-R) syndrome is proposed. A theory of mechanism for the ocular features of the A-R syndrome is postulated which involves a developmental arrest, late in gestation, of tissues derived from neural crest cells. This leads to retention of primordial endothelial tissue on the iris and across the anterior chamber angle, which produces the iridic changes and the peripheral tissue strands. Continued contraction of these membranes after birth explains the progressive changes noted in some patients. This primordial endothelium also produces excessive and atypical basement membrane, especially near the corneolimbal junction, which accounts for the prominent Schwalbe's line. The secondary glaucoma results from arrested development of the anterior chamber angle structures, characterized by incomplete maturation of the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal and a high insertion of the iris. The ICE syndrome may be confused with the A-R syndrome on the basis of certain clinical and histopathologic similarities. Based on available evidence, however, it is postulated that the two entities are distinctly separate, in that the fundamental defect in the ICE syndrome is believed to be an abnormality of the corneal endothelium with secondary proliferation of a tissue layer over the anterior chamber angle and iris, while the A-R syndrome is thought to represent a developmental arrest with retention of a primordial membrane and other developmental defects. PMID- 6676985 TI - Adverse external ocular effects of topical ophthalmic therapy: an epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical study. AB - New knowledge of adverse external ocular reactions to topical ophthalmic medications was obtained by means of a computerized epidemiologic study, laboratory studies, and clinical observations. Listed below are the major findings and conclusions that represent facts or concepts that were previously unknown, uncertain, misunderstood, or forgotten: The incidence of clinically important drug reactions among all cases was at least 13.09% and may have been as high as 16.02%. Among treated patients it was at least 16.26% to 19.90%. Taken together, drug reactions were the second most common external disease diagnosis. The incidence of each kind of drug reaction was determined. Toxic papillary reactions accounted for 79.10% of drug cases and 10.35% of all cases. Toxic papillary keratoconjunctivitis was the third most common single diagnosis. The following epidemiologic factors were found to be related to the development or presence of drug reactions: number and variety of treating practitioners, number of practitioners consulted, number of practitioners consulted who treated, specific ophthalmologist consulted (8.24% of ophthalmologists referred 39.55% of all drug cases and showed a tendency habitually to overtreat), number and kinds of patients' symptomatic complaints, number of medications prescribed and used, number of days of treatment, particular drugs and preservatives used (but not their strengths or vehicles), underlying (primary) diagnoses, and inaccuracy of referring ophthalmologists' diagnoses. Patients with dry eyes were especially at risk for the development of toxic papillary reactions. Among all cases, the incidence of reactions to preservatives (mainly thimerosal) in contact lens solutions was 0.39% to 1.95%, depending on whether definite or probable cases, respectively, were considered. The incidence among the 54 patients who used daily wear lenses (excluding extended-wear therapeutic and optical contacts) was 7.41% for definite reactions and 37.04% for probable ones. Factors relating to the development of papillary contact-lens reactions were daily wear, number of days of wear, and, especially, the preservatives to which the patients were exposed. Reactions occurred more often with soft lenses than with hard ones. Of patients with drug reactions, 5.22% had two different ones simultaneously. Coexisting reactions to pharmacologically active agents were also present in 15% of patients who reacted to preservatives in contact lens solutions. The ocular tissues that were affected by each kind of drug reaction were tabulated, and the relative degrees and sequences of involvement were discussed. The frequencies with which particular drugs, physical ag PMID- 6676987 TI - Diabetes mellitus in Jamaica. PMID- 6676986 TI - Acute idiopathic corneal endotheliitis. PMID- 6676984 TI - Biosynthetic human interferon treatment of herpetic keratitis. PMID- 6676988 TI - Some laboratory, epidemiological and clinical features of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a focus of low endemicity. PMID- 6676990 TI - Arbovirus studies in an evergreen seasonal marsh forest in Trinidad, West Indies. PMID- 6676989 TI - Altered thyroid status: a possible cause of growth retardation in children with congenital heart disease. PMID- 6676991 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysms: results of resection. PMID- 6676992 TI - Craniofacial dysostosis: Crouzon's disease. PMID- 6676993 TI - Malnutrition and diabetes mellitus: a case study. PMID- 6676994 TI - Plasmapheresis in the Guillain-Barre syndrome. A preliminary report. PMID- 6676996 TI - Aspects of human and national nutrition. PMID- 6676997 TI - Adolescent reproductive health. An approach to planning health service research. Introduction. PMID- 6676995 TI - Arteriomesenteric duodenal compression following head injury. PMID- 6676998 TI - The adolescent and health needs. PMID- 6676999 TI - The adolescent and health services. PMID- 6677000 TI - The adolescent and health service research. PMID- 6677001 TI - Specific research programmes in Sri Lanka and Malaysia. PMID- 6677002 TI - Adolescent reproductive health. An approach to planning health service research. Overview. PMID- 6677003 TI - [Malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the orbital region. Histological classification and immunohistochemical studies]. AB - We analysed 15 cases of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the orbital region in a retrospective study of the biopsy material from 1965 to 1981. There were 9 cases of lymphoplasmacytic immunocytomas , 1 case of pleomorphic immunocytoma, 2 cases of centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma and 1 case of plasmacytoma, lymphoblastoma and pleomorphic immunoblastoma . In the majority of cases the orbital region was the primary site of the lymphoma. In a minor part the lymphomas were the expression of a generalized lymphomatous disease. The 15 patients were 12 men and 3 women from 38 to 82 years of age. The peak of incidence was in the septuagenarians . In some of the cases the neoplastic nature of the lymphoproliferative disorder was proved immunohistochemically by the presence of monoclonal cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. The clinical course of the disease was very different and could not be predicted bioptically. Discussing the results we compared our own findings with those in the literature. PMID- 6677004 TI - [Loss of neurons in the granular layer of the cerebellum in epilepsy]. AB - Morphometric examination of the neurons in the cerebellar granular layer in epilepsy showed a significant mean decrease in their number. There is no correlation between this reduction and the duration of epilepsy or frequency of seizures, respectively. The pattern of lesions reach from slight patchy cell loss to severe diffuse reduction of neurons. The diameters of the granular neuronal nuclei showed a great variability. There is no correlation between age and the distribution of these diameters. PMID- 6677005 TI - Electron microscopic study of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of adult skeletal muscle. AB - Ultrastructural studies of a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma are presented. The tumor consisted of rhabdomyoblasts and rhabdomyocytes as is described in the literature on the embryonal development and regeneration of skeletal muscle. The significance of electron microscopic studies in the diagnosis of tumor is emphasized. PMID- 6677006 TI - [Automated morphometric and densitometric studies of pituitary adenomas]. AB - A set of 131 pituitary adenomas has been investigated morphometrically and densitometrically by use of a system for automatical microscope picture analysis (AMPA). About 500 nuclei per adenoma have been scanned for estimating 20 nuclear and tissue parameters (5 and 10 min per adenoma). Endocrine inactive adenomas differ significantly by some parameters from active adenomas. The cell nuclei of inactive tumors are smaller, of more spherical and have higher extinction values on an average. The nuclei of adenomas from patients with Cushing's syndrome differ from the nuclei of prolactinomas and acromegalics because of their lower similarity to spheres. We found no correlation between the nuclear and tissue parameters analyzed in this study and the blood hormone levels. PMID- 6677007 TI - Renal amyloidosis. Histological differentiation based on chemical types compared to Reimann's classification. AB - 13 cases of renal amyloidosis were reclassified on the basis of the chemical types of the major amyloid fibril proteins. The classification (primary, secondary) depending on the absence or presence of a coexisting disease was found not to correlate with the classification based on the chemical types (AL, AA). It is concluded that in association with a disease capable of inducing amyloidosis amyloid of type AA does not necessarily appear. The deposited amyloid may be of AL type. No difference of decisive importance between the AL and the AA type was observed concerning the tissue distribution of the amyloid within the kidney. With respect to the cause of death, however, a significant difference was found between the chemical types. In amyloidosis of AA type, the cause of death was always renal insufficiency, whereas in the cases of AL type cardiac or hepatic insufficiency led to death. Differentiation of the types of amyloid proteins has gained practical importance, as it offers the possibility of selective therapeutic approaches. Their routine differentiation is possible with the potassium permanganate method. PMID- 6677008 TI - [Experimental orchitis in white rats, caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum]. AB - An experimental infection with U. urealyticum was induced in white male rats by intratesticular injection. The microorganism produced dystrophic necrobiotic changes in the spermatopoietic epithelium and a granulomatous inflammatory reaction in the gonads. The process ended with a focal atrophy of the seminal canaliculi. The morphological changes depended upon the reproduction grade and the survival period of the microorganism. The authors consider that these experimental data can be taken into account at the evaluation of the late prognosis of the genital mycoplasmosis in man. PMID- 6677009 TI - Changes of the DNA content of cell nuclei in mucosa and carcinoma of the rectum after replication of different methods of the preoperative irradiation. AB - Microspectrophotometric investigation of the DNA content of cell nuclei in normal mucosa and carcinoma of the rectum was performed in 47 patients before and after an irradiation with doses of 20 Gy, 40 Gy, and 36 Gy plus 7 g 5-fluorouracil. Pretreatment biopsy and surgical specimens were used for the investigation. It was observed that the normal mucosa contains a homogeneous cell population with diploid DNA values. Rectal adenocarcinoma is characterized by polyploidy, augmentation of the "DNA accumulation index" that continues to rise if the degree of differentiation decreases. After radiation therapy and combined chemo- plus radiationtherapy the rectal mucosa shows signs of polyploidy and increase of the "index of DNA accumulation". Irradiation causes a considerable poly- and heteroploidy of cell nuclei in rectal adenocarcinomas. PMID- 6677011 TI - [Trunk and limb dimensions of Hawaii-born Japanese children]. PMID- 6677010 TI - [Importance of environmental factors for the development of liver cirrhosis]. AB - The frequency of cirrhoses drastically increased in the seventies. This increase was predominantly due to an augmentation of alcoholic cirrhosis in men. Cirrhosis is significantly more wide-spread in men than in women. Most of the cirrhoses in women are of unknown origin. Morphologically, the alcoholic cirrhoses are of the micronodular types in their great majority. Combined with HBsAg positivity, the macronodular type is most frequent. The classification in micro- and macronodular cirrhoses do not imply a different etiology but it may indicate different stages in cirrhosis of identic origin. Histologically, the signs of alcoholic hepatitis particularly help to trace back the alcoholic etiology. If HBsAg can be detected and the margins of the pseudolobules are moth- eatenlike , this speaks for a hepatitic origin. The lowest average age was observed in cases of alcoholic cirrhoses, the highest in HBsAg positive cirrhoses of women. Men suffering from cirrhosis die earlier than women. In the case of alcoholic origin, the bulk of the cirrhotic livers are eutrophic while, beside HBsAg positivity, the atrophic livers are prevailing. The two most frequent environmental causes of cirrhosis are alcoholic beverages and hepatitis. Better exploration of the environmental factors and clearing up the origin of cryptogenic cirrhoses are essential tasks of the future. PMID- 6677012 TI - [Scalp hairs of a mummified body found in a space under a factory boiler chimney]. PMID- 6677013 TI - [Histogenesis of the subepithelial lymphatic tissues--with special reference to the tonsilla caecalis of chickens and the palatine tonsils and appendix vermiformis of man]. PMID- 6677014 TI - [Electron microscopic study on macrophages in hagfish liver sinusoids]. PMID- 6677015 TI - [Cephalometry of Hawaii-born Japanese children]. PMID- 6677016 TI - [Detection of HLA antigens in the stains of blood, seminal fluid and saliva]. PMID- 6677017 TI - [Folic acid metabolism during pregnancies--special reference to radioassay]. PMID- 6677018 TI - [Morphological study of ovarian hilus cells]. PMID- 6677019 TI - [Pharmacodynamic effects of zopiclone]. PMID- 6677020 TI - [Complication after operation for thoracic aortic aneurysm--transition of pulmonary function in the use of double lumen endobronchial tube and the clamp of left pulmonary artery]. PMID- 6677021 TI - [Evaluation of reduction surgery for advanced ovarian cancer]. PMID- 6677022 TI - [Embryological aspect of dental structures and variations]. PMID- 6677023 TI - [Unknown digastric muscle on the lateral neck region]. PMID- 6677024 TI - [Case of hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery associated with persistent primitive hypoglossal artery]. PMID- 6677026 TI - [Comparison of the sensitivity of murine hematopoietic and P388 leukemic stem cells to five antitumor drugs]. PMID- 6677025 TI - Osteometrical studies on calcaneus of Middle Kyushuites. PMID- 6677027 TI - [The effect of saponin isolated from stems and leaves of ginseng on experimental liver injury]. PMID- 6677028 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of double-bottle intravenous infusion]. PMID- 6677029 TI - [Studies on long acting contraceptives: synthesis of 17 beta-steroid esters]. PMID- 6677030 TI - [Studies on antitumor chemotherapeutic agents. II. Synthesis of cantharidine derivatives and analogues]. PMID- 6677031 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Murraya paniculata (L) Jack]. PMID- 6677032 TI - [Studies on percent distribution of tertiary amine drugs]. PMID- 6677033 TI - [The microstructure and identification of pearl and pearl layer]. PMID- 6677034 TI - [Analysis of diphenyldicarboxylate by gas-liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6677035 TI - [Stability of sodium p-aminosalicylate in the solid state]. PMID- 6677036 TI - [Asymmetric synthesis of steroids]. PMID- 6677037 TI - [Dosage regimen calculation of "intravenous injection+intravenous infusion" for two compartment model drugs]. PMID- 6677038 TI - [Cardiotonic and toxic effects of peruvoside and neriifolin]. PMID- 6677039 TI - [Synthesis of the hydrochloride of hexahydrocanthinone]. PMID- 6677040 TI - [Studies on potent analgesics. VI. Modification of 4-N-propionyl group of cis-3 methylfentanyl and analgesic activity]. PMID- 6677041 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Dioscorea plants. II. Isolation and identification of steroidal saponins from Dioscorea collettii Hook. F]. PMID- 6677042 TI - [Analysis of ginseng. III. Isolation and determination of ginseng saponins]. PMID- 6677044 TI - [Chemotherapeutic effect of artesunate in experimental schistosomiasis]. PMID- 6677045 TI - [The chemical constituents of essential oil from Murraya euchrestifolia Hayata]. PMID- 6677046 TI - [In vitro studies on effect of particle size of bismuth subcarbonate on antacid effectiveness]. PMID- 6677043 TI - [Vitamin B1-selective electrode]. PMID- 6677047 TI - [Progress in pharmaceutical chemistry of antimalarial agents in the last 2 decades]. PMID- 6677048 TI - [Depletion of monoamines in the rat by DL-tetrahydropalmatine]. PMID- 6677049 TI - [Use of 1,2:5,6-dianhydrogalactitol in combination with maytansine in experimental tumor therapy]. PMID- 6677050 TI - [Studies on the effect of the essential oil of Gangsong (Baeckea frutescens L.) on experimental liver injury in mice]. PMID- 6677052 TI - [Q-model cluster analysis of 96 common aromatic substituents]. PMID- 6677051 TI - [Effects of dauricine on the dose-effect response of isoprenaline and calcium and the electro-mechanic activity of cat papillary muscle]. PMID- 6677053 TI - [Studies on antimalarials. X. Synthesis and antimalarial activity of derivatives of 2,4-diamino-6-N1,N2-disubstituted hydrazinoquinazoline]. PMID- 6677054 TI - [Studies on hepatobiliary imaging agents: synthesis of N-substituted phenylcarbamoylmethyl iminodiacetic acids]. PMID- 6677055 TI - [The chemical constituents of Aristolochia mollissima Hance. IV. Determination of chemical structure of mollislactone]. PMID- 6677056 TI - [High performance liquid chromatographic determination of the main alkaloids in aconite]. PMID- 6677057 TI - [Separation and determination of puerarin by high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6677058 TI - A new chromatography system for separation of biomolecules. PMID- 6677059 TI - [From the study of Fructus schizandrae to the discovery of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate]. PMID- 6677060 TI - Effect of cadmium in vitro on benzphetamine-N-demethylation and ethoxyresorufin-O deethylation in rats of different age. AB - The in vitro influence of CdSO4 on the liver microsomal benzphetamine-N demethylation and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation activities in male Wistar rats/age 10, 30, 60 and 240 days/as well as the type of inhibition were studied after phenobarbital or beta-naphthoflavone pretreatment. Both reactions were inhibited by CdSO4 in dependence on concentration in all age groups. After phenobarbital pretreatment the inhibition of N-demethylation was slightly pronounced in 10-day old rats. In 10 and 30-days old rats the type of inhibition was competitive while in 60 and 240-days old rats a non-competitive type of inhibition was observed. O-deethylation of ethoxyresorufin was inhibited also in 10-day old rats, the inhibition type was non-competitive in all age groups. After beta-naphthoflavone pretreatment N-demethylation was inhibited competitively in all age groups. The inhibition of O-deethylation was more pronounced in 30-day old rats, in other age groups the inhibition was weak but concentration dependent. The type of inhibition was noncompetitive for all age groups studied. PMID- 6677061 TI - Lipid peroxidation in mitochondrial membranes induced by enzymatic deamination of biogenic amines. AB - In the presence of Fe2+ and ascorbate lipid peroxidation in mitochondrial membranes is induced by incubation of membrane fragments devoid of catalase activity with amines which are the substrates of monoamine oxidases of the type B (2-phenylethylamine, benzylamine) or transformed monoamine oxidases of the type A (cadaverine). The highest stimulation of lipid peroxidation is observed in the samples containing both cadaverine and benzylamine. On the contrary, the substrate of the monoamine oxidases of the type A, serotonin, causes an antioxidative effect under these conditions. The necessary prerequisites for lipid peroxidation induction in mitochondria during their incubation with amines are i) the absence of catalase activity in the biomembranes and, ii) the presence of physiological concentrations of Fe2+. Physiological concentrations of ascorbate or pH shifts cause additional stimulation of lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6677062 TI - Neuropharmacological activity of newly-synthesized derivatives of 3,3-diethyl-2,4 pyridinedione. V. Relation between chemical structure and pharmacological activity. AB - On the basis of neuropharmacological screening of newly-synthesized derivatives of 3,3-diethyl-2,4-pyridinedione ( Pyrithyldion ) some regularities are pointed out, related to the link between the chemical structure and the pharmacological activity of the pyridinedione derivatives. The following groups of compounds were studied: N-acyl, N-alkyl, N-amino-methyl, 5- acyloxymethyl and 5-aminomethyl. The derivatives tested were found to be biologically active substances with central depressant action differing from that of pyridinedione. Most generally, it may be stated that substitution of the pyridinedione nucleus with N-alkyl and 5 aminomethyl radicals results in compounds with analgesic action without soporific effect, while substitution with N-aminomethyl radicals leads to compounds with marked anticonvulsive activity and manifestation of soporific effect in high doses (1/2 of the lethal doses). PMID- 6677063 TI - Ionic interactions in the smooth muscles of cat pulmonary artery and portal vein. AB - The contractile activity of isolated smooth-muscle preparations of pulmonary artery and portal vein was recorded under isometric conditions and the changes in the membrane potential were recorded by the sucrose gap method. The replacement of Na+ by sucrose or cholinechloride ([Na+]o = 0) in the presence of phentolamine and atropine causes contraction of the smooth-muscle strips, characterized by initial fast and subsequent slow tonic component. The contraction is accompanied by hyperpolarization of the membrane. D600 (10(-5) M) and sodium nitroprusside (10(-5) M) do not influence the tonic component of the [Na+]o = 0-induced contraction. Low Na-content in the solution ([Na+]o = 15.5 mM) causes brief contraction only of the portal vein strips. In Ca-free solution the tone of the arterial preparations does not change, while the tone of portal vein strips decreases and phasic contractions are inhibited. In Ca-free solution or after pretreatment of the strips with 10 mM LaCl3, substitution of sodium induces a slowly developing contraction without initial fast component. Pretreatment of the preparations with ouabain (10(-4) M) or their preincubation in K-free solution potentiates the [Na+]o = 0-induced contraction. The results obtained exclude membrane-potential-dependent processes in the development of the [Na+] o = 0 induced contraction and support the existence of Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism in the smooth muscles of cat pulmonary artery and portal vein. PMID- 6677065 TI - Postnatal development of the myenteric plexus in cat stomach. AB - The postnatal development of the myenteric plexus in cat stomach has been studied at birth, on the 14th, 30th, 45th and 180th postnatal days, using light- and electronmicroscopic methods. In newborn kittens the main network of the Auerbach plexus is well formed, but the myenteric ganglia are composed of nerve cells with different maturity and a scarce neuropile. During the first two postnatal weeks the dimensions of the ganglia increase owing to the increase of the nerve bodies and the rising number of glials cells and intercellular fibres. This is accompanied by a potentiation of the AChE-activity, mainly in the nerve cell bodies and to a lesser extent in the neuropile. Impregnation reveals different in calibre and form nerve fibres and terminals. Different ultrastructural types of neurones are identified on the 14th day. Later development is expressed in the formation of large compact ganglia and thick connecting strands. The number of AChE-positive fibres in the neuropile increases. Owing to the increase in the cell organelles and their more advanced maturity, it is possible to define the ultrastructural type of an ever increasing number of neurones. PMID- 6677064 TI - Prenatal development of the myenteric plexus in cat stomach. AB - The prenatal development of the myenteric (Auerbach) plexus in cat stomach has been studied light- and electronmicroscopically. Neuroblasts and axon bundles of the myenteric plexus are found in the gastric wall of the smallest embryos studied (10-15 mm) even before its layers are formed. The plexus elements are not separated from the mesenchyme with a basal membrane. In the larger embryos (40-55 mm) the myenteric plexus is already between two muscle layers. The ganglia are shaped and contain more neuroblasts. A small part of the nerve cells are advanced in their maturation--primary and secondary dendrites are emanated and they are slightly AChE-positive. The maturation of the nerve perikarya is intense during prenatal life. In 95-115 mm long embryos the differentiation of a considerable part of the nerve cells is advanced and it is possible to distinguish some ultrastructural types of myenteric neurones. The number of AChE-positive neuroblasts is increased and there are more dendritic profiles in the neuropile. PMID- 6677066 TI - The role of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal system in aetiology of the lateral hypothalamic syndrome in cats (II): behavioural responses to regulatory challenges. AB - Far-lateral hypothalamus ( FLH ) and substantia nigra (SN) were destroyed by means of radio-frequency current (RF lesion) or neurotoxically (6-hydroxydopamine injection) in 4 groups of cats. Deficits in osmoregulatory thirst were observed only after RF lesions of FLH . Disturbances in gluco-regulatory eating were observed after RF destructions and injections of 6-hydroxydopamine to the FLH . Both methods of SN damage did not affect the behavioural responses of the animals to regulatory challenges. These results suggest that deficits in behavioural responses to regulatory challenges observed in LH syndrome in cats are not related to the function of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal bundle. PMID- 6677067 TI - Changes in the amplitude of hippocampal evoked potentials during avoidance behaviour in the cat. AB - In seven cats changes in the hippocampal EEG and in the hippocampal evoked potentials (EP-s) produced in Ca-1 field by stimulation of the contralateral hippocampus, ipsilateral hippocampus and entorhinal cortex were investigated during a conditioned, active avoidance response (AAR). The highest amplitudes of the EP-s were observed before the CS (conditioning stimulus) onset, when the animal was relaxed and an irregular activity of variable amplitude and frequency, dominated in the hippocampal EEG record. The lowest amplitudes were recorded during performance of the conditioned locomotor response, associated with a rhythmic, slow activity (RSA) or, occasionally, with a small irregular activity (SIA) in the hippocampal EEG. The course of changes in EP amplitude during trials might be expressed in the form of an U-shaped curve. The data suggest that changes in the hippocampal EP-s and in the hippocampal EEG are due to changes in the intensity of the same unspecific process. PMID- 6677069 TI - [Diamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives. IV. Synthesis and hypoglycemic properties of various 6-amino-1,2-dihydro-4-(5-methyl-2-pyrazoline)-1,3,5-triazine derivatives]. PMID- 6677068 TI - Light and darkness effect on adrenocortical secretion of rats exposed to stress. AB - The investigations were carried out on sexually mature Wistar rats divided into three groups: control group, a group kept always in darkness, and a group exposed continually to light. In each group a subgroup was isolated which was subjected to formalin stress. In all animals aldosterone and corticosterone concentrations in adrenal venous blood were determined spectrophotometrically. Thin layer chromatography was used for separation of steroids. It was found that keeping the rats in darkness caused a fall in the concentrations of corticosterone and aldosterone, while stress caused in the rats kept in darkness a rise of the concentrations of both these hormones. Continuous exposure to light reduced the concentration of aldosterone to undetectable values and of corticosterone by 90% in relation to the control group. Decrease of hormones level was observed in the stressed and non-stressed subgroups. PMID- 6677070 TI - [Diamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives. V. Synthesis and hypoglycemic properties of various 6-amino-1,2-dihydro-4(5-ethyl-4-methyl-2-pyrazoline)-1,3,5-triazine derivatives]. PMID- 6677071 TI - [Allergen release from ointments depending on their composition and their clinical evaluation in contact skin tests. III. Comparative evaluation of neomycin sulfate and chloramphenicol]. PMID- 6677072 TI - [Comparison of the central effect of lefadol and 3-bromophenylsuccinimide]. PMID- 6677073 TI - Effects of cystamine in vitro on thymidylate synthetase activity of the mouse erythropoietic tissue. PMID- 6677076 TI - Assessing disulfiram compliance: validational study of an abbreviated breath test procedure. AB - An abbreviated breath test for detecting the disulfiram metabolite carbon disulfide (CS2) was evaluated in an analogue investigation of the sensitivity of the test in identifying disulfiram and non-disulfiram intake in a group of 14 alcoholic inpatients. Disulfiram (250 mg) was administered within an ABAB repeated measures design over a 12-day period with corresponding breath tests administered during morning and afternoon time periods. Dependent measures included spectrophotometric analysis of reacted test samples and visual ratings of sample color. Results indicated that the test was highly sensitive in discriminating disulfiram administration for the group as a whole, as well as for individual subjects. Moreover, visual ratings were more accurate than spectrophotometric cut-off scores in identifying disulfiram administration. The test shows considerable promise as a rapid means of assessing disulfiram compliance. PMID- 6677074 TI - Employment factors in outpatient recovery of alcoholics: a multivariate study. AB - This study examined the effects of patient and treatment variables on alcoholic outpatient recovery over a one year period. One-hundred-seventy-four subjects, dichotomized by age (less than or equal to 42 or greater than 42) and employment status (employed or unemployed), were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (medical check-up, medication, or multi-therapy). Seventy-eight percent of these subjects were available for follow-up. Dependent measures included neuropsychological functioning and subject ratings of mood and alcohol consumption. Statistical analysis was by a 2 X 3 X 2 MANOVA. Employment status was a significant variable relative to positive outcome changes on mood and neuropsychological functioning. Moreover, older employed alcoholics showed a significant reduction of confusion. No group differences were noted at outcome with respect to age or treatment. The implications of the results for conventional alcoholism outpatient treatment are discussed. PMID- 6677077 TI - Drinking problems of alcoholics: correspondence between self and spouse reports. AB - The present study examined the level of agreement between alcoholics and their wives on a variety of drinking-related behaviors. The self-report of alcoholics on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) was compared with a parallel version completed by the wives concerning their husbands' behaviors. The couples evidenced a high level of agreement with respect to the Total MAST score as well as to the Helpseeking subscale. The Recognition of Alcohol Problems subscale manifested relatively lower levels of agreement. Alcoholics tended to under report on this scale relative to their wives and maintain that they were normal drinkers. PMID- 6677075 TI - Cigarette smoking during anxiety-provoking and monotonous tasks. AB - Cigarette smokers were exposed to three conditions within a single session: stagefright anxiety, monotonous concentration, and a relaxation control. One cigarette was lit during the second 10-minute half of each condition, and smoking topography (number of puffs and cumulative volume smoked) was continuously recorded. Subjects smoked significantly more in the two task conditions than during relaxation, supporting the hypothesis that anxiety-provoking and attention demanding situations elicit smoking. Younger subjects increased their smoking more than older subjects during stagefright , and females responded more than males to the concentration task. PMID- 6677078 TI - Side-effects and weight gain following a smoking cessation program. AB - Few prospective studies on possible side-effects of smoking cessation have been reported. In the current study, a variety of side-effects and weight gain were assessed throughout and following a smoking cessation program with 94 subjects. Subjects in a cognitive urge control maintenance condition were found to have gained significantly more weight than other conditions. This group also tended to have the highest abstinence rate and lowest percent baseline smoking at follow up. Abstainers tended to have gained more weight than relapsers , and had rated themselves as higher on "eating more" and had placed themselves as farthest from "optimal" on a measure of general appetite and overeating. On all other side effects, however, relapsers appeared to be reporting more negative attributes. These results were discussed within the context of incorporating side-effect control strategies as part of smoking cessation programs. PMID- 6677079 TI - Social-environmental factors among light and heavy cigarette smokers: a controlled comparison with nonsmokers. AB - Support for the importance of psychosocial influences on smoking is limited because the evidence is primarily based on intervention studies which deal with self-selected and thus unrepresentative samples of smokers. There have been few comparisons with nonsmokers on these factors. In this study, we examine the role of psychosocial factors among a representative community sample of smokers and nonsmokers. Heavy smokers were distinguished from nonsmokers by only slightly higher levels of environmental stressors, less supportive social resources, and poorer psychological functioning. Light smokers did not differ from nonsmokers on these factors. Although stressors and resources were correlated with psychological functioning across all respondents, such relationships were not significantly stronger for either heavy or light smokers. These results suggest that psychosocial influences may have differential relevance during the different phases of smoking behavior such as initiation, maintenance, and cessation. PMID- 6677080 TI - Evaluation of a junior high school primary prevention program. AB - A two-year primary prevention program for junior high school students was evaluated. The program consisted of drug education, "alternatives," and affective in- service training for the students' teachers. Students in one junior high school received the intervention and students in another school served as a no treatment control group. The students were pretested at the beginning of 7th grade and posttested at the end of 8th grade. Positive effects were found for females on several drug-related variables; few effects were found for males. The findings are discussed with regard to the individual prevention strategies. PMID- 6677081 TI - Addictive behaviors and life problems before and after behavioral treatment of problem drinkers. AB - The broader impact of a behavioral self-control training intervention focusing on the reduction of alcohol consumption was examined in a sample of 93 problem drinkers (55 male). Individual life problems were assessed via the method of goal attainment scaling before and after treatment and at 3-6 months, 12 months and 24 months following termination. Alcohol and drug use, smoking and weight were also evaluated. At intake, women were more likely than men to be unmarried, married to a problem drinking spouse, or taking psychoactive prescription medication but less likely to be using illicit drugs, smoking or gambling . For both men and women negative emotional states and family discord headed the list of current life problems. Although intervention focused primarily on drinking behavior, the majority of other life problems also showed improvement at all follow-up points. Remission of life problems was associated with decreased alcohol consumption. Body weight tended to increase slightly after treatment but typically returned to or below baseline by later follow-ups. Overall rates of drug use and smoking showed little change; however, smoking cessation was associated with successful control or cessation of alcohol use and relapse to smoking coincided with unremitted drinking. Implications for treatment are considered. PMID- 6677082 TI - Restrained eating: measuring an elusive construct. AB - As a measure of restrained eating, Herman's Restraint Scale (1978) reliably predicts laboratory food consumption in college students regardless of their weight. However, the generality and psychometric properties of the scale have not been established. In the present study, 136 male and female adults were cross classified as obese and normal and as dieting or non-dieting. The subjects were administered a single questionnaire containing items of the Lie, Social Desirability, and Restraint scales presented in randomized order. Unlike previous reports by Herman, the three adult groups differed significantly on the Restraint Scale in the following order: Obese dieters greater than Obese non-dieters greater than normals. Also, alpha reliability coefficients varied across groups and corrected item-total correlations also displayed considerable variability with no uniformity apparent for individual item correlations. The factor analysis identified three factors within the ten item scale, and for the obese dieters, the scale was not independent of social desirability. These results indicate that the Restraint Scale has limited usefulness beyond laboratory settings with college students. PMID- 6677085 TI - Does living with smokers make quitting cigarettes more difficult? AB - To test the assumptions that living with smokers and having housemates with low interest in one's stopping smoking would make quitting cigarettes difficult, successful stoppers were compared with non-stoppers for housemates ' smoking and attitudes. Subjects were 147 people who attended several American Cancer Society Stop Smoking Clinics. Chances of stopping smoking were not enhanced by living either with non-smokers or with people believed to have high interest in one's stopping regardless of how close their relationship was. Giving up a smoking addiction seems to require inner motivation from the smoker, with external cues for smoking and support having minimal influence in a clinic stopping process. PMID- 6677083 TI - Component analysis in smoking prevention research: effects of social consequences information. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of information about the negative social consequences of cigarette smoking on adolescents' beliefs and intentions to smoke. In contrast to the large-scale, multiple component interventions most commonly conducted, this study compared two brief videotaped messages that contained either social consequences or control information. Fifty four seventh graders enrolled in health education classes participated. Measures collected immediately after the intervention and at a one month follow-up indicated that the social consequences information successfully altered subjects' smoking-related beliefs. The social consequences information also affected intentions to smoke in the future, but only for subjects who had previously experimented with smoking. Female smokers' intentions to continue smoking were reduced, but the intervention had the opposite effect on male smokers. The discussion addresses the importance of examining the effects of prevention program components on different subsamples of adolescents in small-scale process evaluations. PMID- 6677084 TI - Patterns of substance abuse in pathological gamblers undergoing treatment. AB - Increasing public exposure to gambling as a recreational option is leading to increased pathological gambling . The prevalence and correlates of substance abuse in a population of severe pathological gamblers is investigated. The results indicate a high rate of alcohol abuse and drug abuse in this population and in their biological families. The implications of these findings for clinicians working with pathological gamblers and substance abusers are discussed. PMID- 6677086 TI - [Clinical evaluation of serum ferritin levels in urologic cancer (II)]. AB - By means of the RIA-Gnost Ferritin and Spac Ferritin kits, the serum ferritin levels of patients with some urological malignant diseases were quantitated; and, the clinical significance of these values as a tumor marker was discussed. The normal (reference) level in serum obtained by the RIA-Gnost kit was 142.5 +/- 67.5 ng/ml (n = 58) for healthy males and 49.6 +/- 28.8 ng/ml (n = 76) for healthy females. The assay values for 22 cases of bladder cancer by both kits were somewhat lower than the normal range, and the positive rates presented were around 30%, being in rough agreement with each other. The positive rate for 22 patients with prostatic cancer was 45.5% by either method. The assay values obtained by the RIA-Gnost kit was higher and differed significantly (p less than 0.1%) from those obtained on healthy males. Furthermore, the same tendency was found in 6 cases of renal cancer. The assay values of RIA-Gnost were significantly higher (p less than 0.1%) than normal; and, the positive rate was 100% for RIA-Gnost and 67% for Spac . In conclusion, serum ferritin determination especially that by the RIA-Gnost kit proved to be a useful and significant tumor marker for the detection of renal cancer. PMID- 6677087 TI - [Four cases of parapelvic cyst]. AB - Four cases of parapelvic cyst are reported, and 27 clinical cases reported in Japan are reviewed. Three of our four cases were male; two of the three cases were benign prostatic hypertrophy, and one was cholelithiasis. For routine urinary tract examination and for differential diagnosis, excretory urograms were made first. The excretory urograms suggested the presence of these parapelvic cysts. Computed tomography performed immediately, gave clear images of the parapelvic cyst in the kidney. The fourth case was a female patient preoperatively suspected as having a renal malignant tumor associated with hemorrhage, however, this case was postoperatively diagnosed as a parapelvic cyst of the kidney associated with hemorrhage in the cyst. Computed tomography should be considered as one of the most useful methods for the diagnosis of parapelvic cysts. PMID- 6677088 TI - [A case of spontaneous pyeloduodenal fistula]. AB - A 71-year-old man was admitted for right loin pain and fever. DIP showed a non visualizing right kidney. Retro- and antigrade pyelography demonstrated right hydronephrosis secondary to uretero-pelvic junction obstruction with leakage of the dye from the right kidney into the duodenum. Diagnosis of spontaneous pyeloduodenal fistula was confirmed at the operation. Right pyeloplasty was performed after closure of the duodenum. We believe that this is the 9th case reported in the Japanese literature. PMID- 6677089 TI - [Ureteral polyp in childhood: a case report]. AB - An 8-year-old boy was admitted because of left flank pain. The excretory urogram showed left hydronephrosis and a filling defect at the pelviureteric junction. Surgical exploration revealed a polypoid lesion on the mucous membrane of the pelviureteric junction and ureteric stenosis due to a periureteric fibrous band. Dis-membered pyeloplasty was performed. The pathological diagnosis was benign fibrous polyp of the ureter. Convalescence was uneventful and an intravenous pyelogram showed no evidence of recurrence one year after operation. We found 13 cases of ureteral polyps in children in the Japanese literature. The differences between ureteral polyps in childhood and those in adults are discussed. PMID- 6677090 TI - [Carcinoma of the urachus: report of two cases]. AB - Carcinoma of the urachus is a rare disease with poor prognosis. This is probably due to the difficulty of preoperative diagnosis. Radiological modalities have been considered to be of little value, but in many cases, preoperative diagnosis can be established with the aid of CT scan. In patients with urachal carcinoma, CT scan visualize the primary tumor and its extension beyond the bladder wall into the space of Retzius. Although about 150 cases of urachal tumor have been reported in the English literature, computerized tomographic findings have not been established. We present two cases and emphasize the usefulness of CT scan in preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 6677091 TI - [Clinical statistics on inpatients, outpatients and operations at the Department of Urology, Toyooka General Hospital (1979-1981)]. AB - The patients seen between January 1979 and December 1981 were reviewed. The outpatients according to our classification of the patients, presented the most frequently with infections, followed by urogenital tumors and anomalies. Urogenital tumors and urolithiasis were the predominant diseases of the inpatients. The representative operations were TUR-P and prostatectomy. PMID- 6677092 TI - [Choreito and Shakuyakukanzoto: their effects on facilitating the voiding of stones in the urinary tract]. AB - We treated 30 patients having 37 urinary calculi in all, with " Choreito " (5 g/day) and " Shakuyakukanzoto " (5 g/day) to study whether these medicines hastened spontaneous calculus excretion. Within 2 months, 91% of the small calculi (5 X 5 mm and smaller), and 33% of the medium-sized (6 X 10 mm and below) were excreted. These results were similar to those obtained with conventional conservative treatment, and suggest that this therapy will be useful. PMID- 6677093 TI - [Treatment of tumors of the urinary bladder with so-called immunopotentiators]. AB - Eighty-eight cases of urinary bladder tumor were treated in our Department from 1976 to 1978. The effect of so-called immunopotentiators (OK-432, Levamisole and PSK) was studied in 23 patients. The following results were obtained. Pretreatment intracutaneous response to PHA was significantly lower in the high stage and high grade group than in the low stage and low grade group (P less than 0.025). However, there was no correlation between the effect of immunotherapy and PHA skin reaction. Of the immunoglobulins, only IgM was significantly lower in the high grade group than in the low grade group (P less than 0.025). The one year survival rate for the patients in the high stage group was higher receiving immunotherapy than those not treated. This suggests that immunotherapy may be useful for prolonging the survival time of patients with advanced bladder carcinoma. PMID- 6677094 TI - [Clinical study on ureterosigmoidostomy]. AB - Clinical studies were made of 60 patients who had undergone ureterosigmoidostomy at our department. The 45 men and 15 women ranged from 35 to 73 years old, with a mean of 59.2 years. Ureterosigmoidanastomosis was performed using the modified Coffey II technique in this series. Bladder tumor was the reason for the operation in 55 cases, uterine cancer in 2, contracted bladder in 1, vesicovaginal fistula in 1 and urethral stricture in 1. In the excretory pyelogram one month after the operation, normal findings and slight hydronephrosis were observed in 37% and 63% of the patients, respectively. However, the pyelogram 6 months after the operation demonstrated normal findings in 61% of the patients, slight hydronephrosis in 34% and moderate hydronephrosis in 5%. None of them showed severe hydronephrosis. Slightly increased BUN level (less than 30 mg/dl) was seen in 15 out of 45 patients (32%) at one year after ureterosigmoidostomy. However, serum creatinine level was not above normal throughout the postoperative course. Although postoperative hyperchloremia was appreciably detected, it was easily managed by the administration of sodium bicarbonate. Serum sodium and potassium levels remained stationary. Of 35 patients observed for more than one year after operation, 11 patients (31%) had developed fever due probably to pyelonephritis, but sigmoidography failed to demonstrate any ureteral reflux. Either urinary or fecal fistula, a complication in the early postoperative period, occurred in 10 patients (17%). One of these patients died. Five patients were cured by conservative treatment. The remaining 4 patients underwent surgical treatment that was ureterocutaneostomy , nephrectomy, or colostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6677095 TI - [Surveillance colonoscopy after ureterosigmoidostomy]. AB - Twenty-two patients underwent surveillance colonoscopy for 2 to 54 months (average, 22 months) after ureterosigmoidostomy. The distance between site of ureterocolonic anastomosis and anal verge ranged from 13 to 30 cm (average, 18.3 cm) in right side and from 20 to 37 cm (average, 29.5 cm) in left side. The form of implanted site could be classified into 3 types which were flat, sessile and pedunculated types. Endoscopic biopsies performed on eleven polyp-like regions of ureterocolonic anastomosis revealed inflammation in 10 cases (90%) and adenoma without malignancy in one case (10%). The mucosa more than 5 cm away from implanted site showed findings of inflammation without constitutional abnormality in more than 60% of all patients. The periodical surveillance colonoscopy at intervals of approximately one year seemed to be useful for early detection of the tumors of the colon after ureterosigmoidostomy. PMID- 6677096 TI - [Percutaneous transabdominal fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes in genitourinary cancer]. AB - Percutaneous fine needle aspiration of retroperitoneal pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes was done in 21 patients with clinically localized bladder, prostate, or penile cancers. A diagnosis of metastases to regional lymph nodes was detected by this method in 6 patients, but only one case could be diagnosed by bipedal lymphography. Positive aspiration results may spare the patient with prostatic or bladder cancer an unnecessary radical operation. This method also enables the detection of micrometastasis of lymph node which can not be detected by lymphography. No complications were seen in this series. PMID- 6677097 TI - [Total cystectomy for bladder tumor: eight-year experience]. AB - Between 1975 and 1982, 39 patients underwent total cystectomy and urinary diversion at our hospitals. The type of urinary diversions were ileal conduit (32 cases) and ureterocutaneostomy (7 cases). Preoperative irradiation was used in 10 patients. The postoperative mortality rate was 2.6%. Early complications occurred in 38.5% and included wound infection, acute pyelonephritis, intestinal obstruction, pelvic infection, intestinal leakage and/or medical complications. Ureteroileal stricture was most frequent in late complications. Over-all relative 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 92.4, 56.6, 41.7%, respectively. Survival was dependent on the stage and the grade of the tumor. No significant difference was found between the older (greater than or equal to 65 years old) and the younger (less than 65 years old) groups. PMID- 6677099 TI - [Value of cytological examination for postoperative bladder cancer]. AB - In this preliminary report the usefulness of cytological examinations is emphasized in any follow-up for bladder cancer after surgery. In this study, 20 cases of bladder cancer, 3 of which were initially treated by TUC , 16 by TUR, and one by segmental resection, were followed-up regularly by consecutive cytologies, cystoscopy, and biopsies. Anti-cancer drugs were instilled intravesically after the initial surgery in 16 cases. Cytological examinations one month after surgery gave negative results in 7 cases and positive results in 13 cases; cancer cells were confirmed by means of surgical specimens or biopsy in 6 of the latter cases. Positive cytology was documented in 7/9 cases of multiple tumors, in 10/13 cases of tumors larger than 1 cm in diameter, in 7/7 cases of grade 3 tumors, and in 9/9 cases of tumors more advanced than pTa. Positive cytology and negative biopsy were converted to negative in 7 cases by vesical instillation therapy, even in 4 cases with grade 3 tumors and in 2 cases with pT2 . In 6 cases with histologically proved cancer, urine cytology was positive or suspicious in 37.5% (positive in 25.0%) and vesical washing cytology was positive or suspicious in 71.1% (positive in 44.4%). In 7 cases with positive cytology and negative biopsy, urine cytology was positive or suspicious in 20.6% (positive in 7.7%) and vesical washing cytology was positive or suspicious in 70.8% (positive in 43.6%). The above results reveal that in diagnosing cancer in the bladder, washing-fluid cytology is superior to conventional urinary cytology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6677098 TI - [Regional renogram and functional imaging with I-123-orthoiodohippurate in obstructive nephropathy]. AB - Renal scintigraphy and regional renography using I-123- orthoiodohippurate were performed in 26 cases of obstructive nephropathy. After 1 mCi of I-123- orthoiodohippurate was given intravenously, serial renal scintigrams were obtained for 25 minutes and regional renogram curves were derived from the whole kidney, the cortical and pelvic areas. At the same time, renal functional images with Tmax as the peak arrival time were processed. Tmax in normal cases ranged from 2 to 3 minutes in the cortex and from 4 to 5 minutes in the pelvis, while there was some delay in Tmax in the obstructive nephropathy. In the case of acute ureteral obstruction by stones, most of the regional renograms in the cortex and pelvis improved soon after the removal of the obstruction. On the contrary, in the case of chronic obstructive nephropathy obstructive patterns on renogram curves was usually observed postoperatively. However, in some cases, functional images in cortical and/or pelvic areas showed marked recovery before improvement of findings on renograms or IVP. I-123- orthoiodohippurate renoscintigraphy is a useful adjunct for assessing pre- and post-operative renal function in obstructive nephropathy. Particularly, the analysis of regional renogram curves enables early prediction of postoperative recovery, and the functional image enables early detection of the functional recovery of the hydronephrotic kidney. PMID- 6677100 TI - [Photocystoscopy: experience with a new telescope and polaroid camera]. AB - The ability to photograph the interior of the bladder accurately just by pressing a button has great clinical merit. This approach, which has become a basic method in gastrointestinal endoscopy, is now possible in cystoscopy. We will call this technique which uses a newly designed telescope, Olympus A 3405 and Polaroid Instant Endocamera EC-3 with Polaroid High Speed Color Land Film 600, photocystoscopy . The telescope used in photocystoscopy has more improved resolution and homogeneous brightness through its field of view than the conventional telescope, Olympus O 3405. The photographic image of the bladder interior taken by the Polaroid camera has a good color and fine resolution but its size which is 2.5 cm in diameter is too small for clinical use. Color instantographs by the Polaroid camera are most appropriate for use in photocystoscopy , but many devices and improvements are necessary before it can be used routinely. PMID- 6677101 TI - [Clinical studies on children with congenital neurogenic bladder treated during the past 10 years]. AB - During the past 10 years, 22 children (13 males and 9 females) had been treated for congenital neurogenic bladder at our department. These cases were reviewed for urinary tract infection, urodynamics, vesicoureteral reflux and renal deterioration. Urinary tract infections were observed during the follow-up period in 12 of the 22 cases (54.6%). The incidence was 38.5% in males and 88.9% in females. Cystometric findings were arbitrarily divided into 3 types; hyperreflexic type, areflexic hypertonic type and areflexic hypotonic type. Of the 17 cases examined, 3 cases were of the hyperreflexic type, 6 cases the areflexic hypertonic type and 8 cases the areflexic hypotonic type. Urinary tract infections were not observed in 5 of the 8 cases categorized as the areflexic hypotonic type compared to one of the 9 cases of the hyperreflexic and areflexic hypertonic types together. UPP was examined in 13 cases. UP max values were lower than normal in the areflexic type cases, but were normal or higher in the hyperreflexic type cases. Vesicoureteral reflux was examined in 9 cases. Reflux was observed in 9 ureters of 6 patients. Renal deterioration was observed in 6 cases; 4 cases of hydronephrosis and 2 cases of pyelonephritis. Management of 22 cases consisted of ileal conduit (1 case), clean intermittent self catheterization (2 cases) and Cred e maneuver and/or pharmacologic treatments (19 cases). The usefulness of clean intermittent self-catheterization and management for vesicoureteral reflux were discussed centering on 4 selected cases. PMID- 6677102 TI - [Circle tube nephrostomy--designing of a circle tube and connector]. AB - We performed circle tube nephrostomy in 17 patients using a newly designed catheter. The catheter which we called 'Chiba Nephrostomy Circle tube' consisted of a silicon tube which has three holes in the middle portion, and a metal connector. The renal function recovered to normal in 12 of the 17 patients (recovery rate 71%), improved in 4 (24%), and remained unchanged in only one patient. Although temporal urinary leakage occurred in 5 patients (29%), there were no serious complications with this newly designed tube. Furthermore, pyelonephritis, renal bleeding and urolithiasis, which occasionally occur by single nephrostomy, did not occur with this method. Thus, we proved the clinical usefulness of the newly designed circle tube. PMID- 6677103 TI - [Metastatic renal tumor]. AB - Metastases of malignant tumor to the kidney are observed rather frequently at autopsy, but rarely found in living patients. Two cases of metastatic renal tumor were found at our clinic. One was a 35-year-old male with esophageal tumor. Five months after on operation for the esophageal tumor, he had asymptomatic macroscopic hematuria and had urological examinations at our clinic. X-ray and ultrasonographic examinations suggested a metastatic tumor in the left kidney. Left nephrectomy was performed. Pathohistological examination revealed a metastatic esophageal tumor in the kidney. Five months after the nephrectomy, right lumbago and macroscopic hematuria appeared. Metastatic right renal tumor was diagnosed with X-ray and ultrasonographic examination. Chemotherapy was conducted, but he died three months later. The other case was a 69-year-old male with left lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) who had left partial pneumonectomy . In the second year after the operation, he developed asymptomatic hematuria. After X-ray examinations and 67G -citrate scanning, a metastasis to the right kidney was diagnosed. No special treatment for the metastasis was given to the patient because of his failing condition. He died four months later. Metastatic renal tumors present a worse prognosis than primary renal cancer. This seems to be because the former progresses rapidly after its discovery. When a patient with a previous history of malignant tumors in any organ develops hematuria or lumbago, detailed examinations of the kidney should be performed. PMID- 6677104 TI - [Familial vesicoureteral reflux]. AB - Primary vesicoureteral reflux was seen in 2 siblings in a family of 5 (1 daughter and 2 sons). Voiding cystogram of elder sister, who complained of fever and backache, showed bilateral reflux at the age of 6. Left reflux disappeared soon but right reflux persisted. Right antireflux operation was performed at the age of 9, but right renal function deteriorated gradually. Right nephrectomy was done at the age of 12 because of persistent pyuria and renal stones. The second case was her younger brother who was sent to us because of proteinuria and hypertension. Excretory urogram showed left small kidney and voiding cystogram showed bilateral reflux with moderately dilated ureter and calyceal blunting. Urinalysis revealed normal findings except for proteinuria and he had no urological symptoms. Renal angiogram and renal vein renin study were unremarkable, so bilateral antireflux operation was done. Findings of urinalysis of his parents and younger brother were normal and cystogram of his brother was normal. PMID- 6677105 TI - [A case of renal leiomyosarcoma]. AB - A case of renal leiomyosarcoma is presented. A 65-year-old man was admitted with asymptomatic gross hematuria. On excretory pyelography, the left kidney was not visualized. Computed tomography showed a left intrarenal mass. The patient underwent left radical nephrectomy. The histological diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma probably originating from the left renal pelvis. PMID- 6677106 TI - Parathyroid cysts with primary hyperparathyroidism: report of a case. AB - Cysts of the parathyroid glands are uncommon, and, moreover functioning parathyroid cysts that cause primary hyperparathyroidism are rare. Herein is reported a 53-year-old female with primary hyperparathyroidism accompanied by 2 parathyroid cysts, in one of which adenoma was noticed. Forty-two cases of parathyroid cysts were found in the Japanese literature. Twelve of them were in the hyperparathyroid state, but infarction of the adenoma lead to cystic degeneration in most of such cases and so the cyst wall were lined with adenoma cells. In only 2 cases including our case were the cyst walls lined with cuboid cells and the adenoma evident in the wall. The pathogenesis of our case seems to be a common embryonic defect or dilatation of vestigial remnants rather than a degenerative change of the adenoma. PMID- 6677107 TI - [Late complications of radiotherapy in testicular tumor]. AB - During the past 21 years, 105 patients with germinal testicular tumor were treated in our hospital; 86 out of 105 patients were irradiated postoperatively. Late radiation injury was observed in 14 patients: Cutaneosigmoidal fistula in 1 patient, ileus (jejunum necrosis) in 1 patient, gastric ulcer in 1 patient, duodenal ulcer and stenosis in 1 patient, lung fibrosis in 1 patient, radiation cystitis in 1 patient, severe lymph edema of lower extremity in 1 patient, muscle atrophy of lower extremity in 1 patient, lower extremity growth disturbances in 3 children and severe abdominal cutaneosubcutaneal fibrosis in 3 patient. Two cases of late radiation injury are presented and discussed. PMID- 6677108 TI - [Clinical study of urinary cytology: with special reference to bladder cancer]. AB - During the last 66 months, 482 urinary cytologic examinations were performed on 160 inpatients suspected of having genitourinary cancer at our University Hospital. Cytologic diagnosis was done according to the Papanicolaou's classification. The cytologic findings were compared by size, shape, numbers of the tumor and the histologic findings. The positive rate (classes IV and V) was 56.7% (90 patients) in bladder cancer, 22.2% (18 patients) in prostatic cancer, 13.3% (15 patients) in renal cancer and 62.5% (8 patients) in renal pelvic or ureteral cancer. There was no false positive case for benign disease. The positive rate of cytologic examinations for stage A bladder cancer was statistically lower than that for stage B, C and D cancers. There were no statistically significant differences among the stage B, C and D groups. The positive rate in the low grade (grade I and II) bladder cancer was statistically lower than that of high grade (grade III and IV) cancer. In the small tumor less than thumbtip -sized, cytological diagnosis was positive in 40.0%, while in the large tumor larger than this size, the positive rate was 73.3%. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant. The positive rate in the non-recurrent cases of the bladder cancer was 64.5%, while that in the recurrent cancer cases was 39.3%. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant. The positive rate of urinary cytology did not correspond to the shape or number of tumors. It is desirable to perform cytology more than 3 times on the same patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6677109 TI - [Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin, carboquone and 5-Fu for bladder cancer]. AB - We treated 25 bladder cancer patients with combined cytotoxic chemotherapy of adriamycin (10--20 mg/day administration on days 1, 2 and 3), carboquone (4 mg/day administration on day 1 of weeks 3, 4 and 5 and 5-Fu (200 mg/day for 5 weeks) or futraful suppositories (750 mg/day for 5 weeks) as one course. According to the Koyama - Saitoh criteria, CR + PR was observed in 4 (17.4%) of 23 patients excluding the 2 dropout patients. According to Karnofsky's criteria, an effect with chemotherapy was observed in 9 (39.1%) of the 23 patients. There was a relatively good response rate in a group of 12 patients with the superficial tumors as compared with a group of 11 patients with the deep tumors. There were no severe adverse reactions. PMID- 6677111 TI - [A case of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder]. AB - A case report of a benign leiomyoma of the urinary bladder in a 34-year-old female is presented with a review of the literature. Diagnosis and treatment are discussed, stressing the importance of preoperative diagnosis by cystoscopic examination. PMID- 6677112 TI - [Computerized tomographic demonstration of a nontraumatic renal subcapsular hematoma]. AB - Nontraumatic renal subcapsular hematoma is an uncommon but not rare clinical entity. If a small renal cell carcinoma is the cause of the hematoma, the carcinoma can hardly be diagnosed on the basis of conventional roentgenographic findings. Computerized tomography provides a noninvasive means of visualizing the hematoma and renal tumor, and of understanding their extent, location and relationship to renal parenchyma. A 42-year-old female, whose complaint was right abdominal pain and vomiting, was admitted to our hospital and a right renal subcapsular hematoma was demonstrated by computerized tomography. She was in good general condition, and renal malignant tumor was not demonstrated by computerized tomography, conventional roentgenographic examinations or ultrasonography. Her clinical course was not eventful . A brief review of clinical diagnosis and management of this disease are made. PMID- 6677110 TI - [Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in urological malignancies. I. S-TPA in bladder cancer patients]. AB - Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (S-TPA) levels in 22 patients with bladder cancer were determined using a radioimmunoassay kit by the two-antibody technique to evaluate the usefulness of this parameter as an index of the presence of cancer. As S-TPA values (mean +/- SD) in 72 Japanese normal blood donors (37 male and 35 female) were in the range of 32.4-97.2 units per liter, values higher than 97.2 u/l were considered positive. We found a remarkably increased level of S-TPA in 14 out of 18 (77.8%) patients with untreated cancer and a slightly increased level of S-TPA in 3 out of 4 patients whose tumors had been removed. Elevated S TPA levels in patients who had tumors remaining were suggested to correlate with histological stage and grade of tumors, type of growth and size of tumors, although not to correlate with number of tumors and whether tumor occurrence was initial or recurrent. Simultaneous urinary cytological examination and measurement of plasma CEA in the same patients gave the positive ratio of 7/16 (43.8%) and 0/14 (0%), respectively. It is possible that S-TPA may be one of the most useful tumor markers in the screening of cancer, diagnosis of histological characteristics, monitoring of cancer therapy and detection of recurrence. PMID- 6677113 TI - [Torsion of appendix of testis and epididymis: a report of 4 cases]. AB - We report our clinical and pathological observations on four patients with torsion of appendix testis or epididymis, and reviewed 72 cases of torsion of the appendages of intrascrotal organs collected from the Japanese literature; 35 cases of torsion of appendix testis, 36 cases of torsion of appendix epididymis and 1 case of torsion of paradidymis . Case 1 was a 10-year-old boy visiting us because of pain and swelling in his right scrotum continuing for the past ten days. His right scrotum was found to contain a hen-egg sized tender mass. The testis and epididymis could not be differentiated by palpation. The blood count disclosed 10,000 white blood cells. At operation, two appendix epididymis were found in his right scrotum. One of them was twisted 360 degrees clockwise and 10 x 8 x 5 mm in size. Case 2 was a 11-year-old boy with complaint of pain in his left lower abdomen and left scrotum for the past three days. Palpation of his left scrotal contents revealed a slightly hard testis and tender epididymis. At operation, we found his left spermatic cord to be twisted 90 degrees counterclockwise and appendix epididymis 180 degrees counterclockwise. The twisted appendix epididymis was 10 x 8 x 7 mm in size. Case 3 was a 13-year-old boy whose complaint was left scrotal pain. The upper pole of his left testis was found to be swollen and tender by palpation. The exposure of his left scrotum at operation revealed that his left epididymis was abnormally attached to his left testis and had two appendices. One of these appendix epididymis was twisted 180 degrees clockwise and measured 10 x 10 x 8 mm. Case 4 was a 19-year-old male who suffered from right testicular pain for the past seven days. He had a history of three intermittent episodes of similar right testicular pain during the past two years. His right testis was enlarged and palpated slightly hard and tender. We explored his right scrotum surgically and found the appendix testis twisted and enlarged to little-finger's head size. However, it was impossible to determine whether the rotation was clockwise or counterclockwise because the twisted appendix was too severely damaged. The preoperative diagnosis was correct in one case and three were erroneously diagnosed as having torsion of spermatic cord. All four cases were treated by surgery which relieved all patients of discomfort. PMID- 6677114 TI - [A case of Buschke-Loewenstein tumor]. AB - A 67-year-old man with a tumor resembling carcinoma of the penis was seen at our Department. The tumor appeared clinically to be malignant and partial amputation of the penis was therefore performed. But biopsy specimens from parts of the mass were benign and histological examination revealed Buschke-Loewenstein tumor. PMID- 6677115 TI - Circulating cytotoxic anti-RCC antibody responses in renal cell carcinoma patients. AB - The circulating anti-RCC cytotoxic antibodies of eighteen RCC patients, preoperatively, and one inoperable case were studied by 51Cr release CDC and ADCC assays, using the cultured human RCC cell line, OUR-10. Circulating cytotoxic anti-RCC antibodies were detected in eight patients as CDC antibodies. The patients with a low pathological grade had a significantly higher percentage (P less than 0.05) of positive antibody responses. PMID- 6677116 TI - [Scrotoplasty for repair of prepenile scrotum]. AB - Our surgical technique of scrotoplasty for repair of prepenile scrotum performed at our Department is described. Inverted omega skin incision was made around the scrotal skin and base of the penis. Scrotal flaps were prepared and these were brought beneath the penis. These scrotal flaps were sutured in two layers, subcutaneous tissue with 3-0 or 2-0 chromic catgut and skin with 4-0 or 3-0 prolene. Twenty four patients with prepenile scrotum were operated on with this technique and cosmetic results were excellent. When complicated with hypospadias, scrotoplasty was performed as the third stage operation, following chordectomy and urethroplasty. PMID- 6677117 TI - [A case of retroperitoneal malakoplakia]. AB - A case of retroperitoneal malakoplakia is reported. A 50-year-old female was admitted with the chief complaint of right flank pain. Intravenous pyelography, computed tomography, selective iliac arteriography and abdominal echography revealed right pararenal abscess and the right renal tumor suspected. About one liter of yellowish fluid was drained from the retroperitoneal space, but no right renal tumor was found. Pathological diagnosis was retroperitoneal malakoplakia postoperatively. This is assumed to be the second case of retroperitoneal malakoplakia in Japan. PMID- 6677118 TI - [A long-term survival after partial nephrectomy in a case of pelvic tumor arising in a solitary kidney]. AB - A 44-year-old man was admitted on January 21, 1975 because of asymptomatic hematuria. The patient had nephrectomy of his left kidney due to nephritis at the age of three. Cystoscopy revealed no abnormalities, and excretory urography showed an irregular filling defect and slight ectasia in right upper calyx. A clinical diagnosis of pelvic tumor of the right kidney was made and partial nephrectomy was performed on April 18, 1975. The resected kidney was 4.5 X 5.0 X 6.5 cm in greatest dimension and the tumor was well localized in the upper calyx. Pathological diagnosis was transitional cell carcinoma, papillary, grade 11, stage 1. About 2 years after the operation, the patient developed a rice-sized tumor in the bladder neck followed by transurethral resection. Otherwise he is in good condition to date, 7 years and 4 months after the partial nephrectomy. PMID- 6677119 TI - [Localized amyloidosis of the ureter: report of a case]. AB - A case of primary amyloidosis of the ureter is presented. The patient was a 48 year-old woman with a 5-year history of asymptomatic macrohematuria. Roentgenographic examination showed left hydronephrosis and stenosis of the left distal ureter. Histological examination of the biopsied specimen during the operation revealed no malignancy; and, left partial ureterectomy and uretero- vesiconeostomy was performed. Congo red stain proved amyloid deposition after surgery. Rectal biopsy was negative for amyloid; and, other laboratory findings were within normal range. Thus it was diagnosed as a primary localized amyloidosis of the ureter. Importance of intraoperative histologic examination was discussed. This is the 22nd case in the literature. PMID- 6677120 TI - [A case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder in a child with urethral prolapse]. AB - A case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a child with urethral prolapse is reported. The patient was an 18-month-old girl and was admitted to our clinic with complaints of micturition pain, hematuria and tumor of the vulva. Histological examination revealed that this tumor was urethral prolapse. A grape like tumor was demonstrated at bladder bottom by cystogram and cystoscopy. The histological pattern was embryonal type of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder. Combined chemotherapy with actinomycin D, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide has been started. A survey of Japanese literature on rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder in children was done with reference to age, sex, site of tumor, symptom, histological findings, treatment and prognosis. PMID- 6677121 TI - [Clinical statistics on inpatients and operations at the Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 1980]. AB - The following tables show the statistics on the inpatients, diseases and operations at our department during the period from January through December of 1980. PMID- 6677122 TI - [A new method to assay urinary oxalic acid using high-performance liquid chromatography]. AB - Measurement of oxalic acid in urine has an important clinical significance because approximately 70% of human urinary calculi are composed of calcium oxalate. Different analytical methods of oxalic acid have been reported, but most are unsuitable for clinical use. Thus we developed a new method to assay oxalic acid in urine using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This acid was extracted from urine with tri-n-butyl phosphate and converted into the fluorescent derivative by esterification with 9- anthryldiazomethane (ADAM). The reaction mixture containing the oxalic acid derivative can be directly chromatographed on HPLC using an ODS reverse phase type column monitored with a fluorophotometric detector. A linear relationship was observed from 1 to 100 micrograms/ml of standard oxalic acid dissolved in saline. Healthy adults excrete 23.8 +/- 9.0 mg (mean +/- SD) of oxalic acid per day. This method should prove valuable for routine measurement of urinary oxalic acid as it is accurate, simple and specific. PMID- 6677123 TI - [Histological study of urinary bladder tumor: DNA of rat urinary bladder tumor caused by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine and that of human bladder tumor]. AB - Male Fisher rats were treated with 0.5% BBN, and the appearance of cancer in the rat's bladder was observed successively. The quantities of DNA in the normal and tumorous tissues were compared with those in the bladder cancer excised from man; and, the bladder cancer produced in the rat and that occurring in man were compared. 96 rats were divided into 4 groups, and given 8, 16, 24 or 32 weeks of treatment with BBN. Papillomas appeared after administration for 8 weeks, and with subsequent increase in the period of administration the rate of canceration increased. The cancerous tissue proliferated papillarily , the malignancy was grade 1 to 2, no case showed infiltration into the muscle layer, and the quantity of DNA scarcely changed with time, always showing a peak near 2c. In the papillary type of bladder cancer in man, the quantity of DNA showed little change at any stage, and little tendency of infiltration; and, the growth pattern was similar to that of the BBN-induced cancer in rats. On the other hand, non papillary cancer in man showed a flat histogram of DNA, had a strong tendency of infiltration, and showed a growth pattern different from that of the BBN-induced cancer in rats, thus the BBN-induced cancer in the rat cannot be used as a model of non-papillary infiltrative cancer. PMID- 6677124 TI - [Postoperative complications and followup in cystectomy]. AB - Clinical studies on postoperative complications and prognosis were done on 27 patients who had undergone cystectomy at our hospital. Thirty one postoperative complications were seen in 16 patients. Early complications which developed within 3 months of operation were more frequent (25 cases). They included pyelonephritis (5 cases), wound infection (4 cases), pulmonary complications (2 cases), cardiovascular complications (2 cases), ileus (2 cases) and delayed ambulance (2 cases) in decreasing order of frequency. Complications related to urinary diversion were observed in 4 out of 6 late complications. Reoperation secondary to surgical complications were done in 6 cases. Four of the 6 reoperations were related to gastrointestinal complications, all of which would be fatal if left untreated. Postoperative followup period ranged from 3 weeks to 49 months with a mean period of 12.8 months. The present status of the patients is as follows: 16 patients alive, 10 patients dead and 1 patient lost to followup. So far we cannot draw a definite conclusion regarding the relationship between surgery and the prognosis of the patients because the followup period is too short in many patients. In our experience: 1) The fewest cancer deaths occurred in patients who had undergone radical surgery; 2) the largest percentage of living patients was seen in the group of patients who had undergone radical cystectomy; and, 3) almost all patients with low stage tumors are living more than 6 months after operation. PMID- 6677125 TI - [A case of serous cyst of the retroperitoneal space]. AB - There have been very few reports on retroperitoneal serous cysts and only 23 cases have been reported in Japan. We report a case of a 47-year-old woman who presented with the complaint of dull pain in her lower abdomen. After careful examination, she was diagnosed to have retroperitoneal serous cyst. PMID- 6677126 TI - [Angiomyolipoma: a case report and a statistical study of 147 cases in Japanese literature]. AB - A 32-year-old housewife with gross hematuria and right flank pain had excretory urography and angiography performed. A large right renal mass with neovascularity was demonstrated. Computerized tomography also revealed a large well-demarcated renal mass with low value of HU. Right nephrectomy was done and histopathological diagnosis was angiomyolipoma weighing 1100 g. A statistical study was made on 147 cases of renal angiomyolipoma in the Japanese literature including this case. The male to female ratio was 1 to 2.9, and the average age of male and female patients was 37.8 and 39.0 years, respectively. Thirty-eight per cent of the cases were associated with tuberous sclerosis. The main clinical signs were flank pain, flank mass and hematuria. In 80% of the cases, nephrectomy was done because of the difficulty of preoperative differential diagnosis from renal cell carcinoma. Recently, CT and sonography have become a great help in diagnosing angiomyolipoma, because they can demonstrate the fat in the renal mass. Conservative or surgical treatment to save the kidney can be used more often when it becomes possible to make a clear differential diagnosis between angiomyolipoma and other malignant diseases. PMID- 6677127 TI - [A case of paraganglioma of the urinary bladder]. AB - A very rare case of paraganglioma of the bladder is reported. The patient was a 51-year-old man. He was admitted to our hospital on June 18th, 1981, with the complaint of gross hematuria. He had no attack of hypertension and we could not find in him any parasympathetic symptom except hematuria. Upon urological examination, he was suspected to have stage B cancer of bladder. He received partial cystectomy with uneventful course during the operation on June 30th, 1981 and was discharged on the 15th postoperative day. The postoperative histological diagnosis was paraganglioma of the urinary bladder. He was confirmed to have normal levels of catecholamine and its metabolites in the urine after 4 months postoperatively. At present, he is asymptomatic. PMID- 6677128 TI - [Clinical studies on varicocele. (1). Findings on semen and testis]. AB - The semen and testicular histology of 39 patients with varicocele on the left side, and who had high ligation of the internal spermatic vein at our Department between 1975 and 1981 was examined. The grade of varicocele was neither related to density nor motility of the sperm, nor to the score count of the left testis. In 40% of the patients, both density and motility of the sperm improved after the surgical treatment. In 80% of the patients, the left testis weighed less than the right testis. In most of the patients, the score count of both testes was lower than normal, and was found to decrease remarkably in testes weighing less than 10 g. In 30% of the patients, the score count of the left testis was lower than that of the right testis. A positive correlation was recognized between score count and testicular weight, and no correlation was found between the score count of the right testis and sperm density. PMID- 6677129 TI - [Experience with microsurgical two-layer vasovasostomy]. AB - Excellent results of vasectomy reversal have been reported by Silber and Owen in 1977 using microsurgical technique without splints. Herein, we report two cases of male sterility due to previous voluntary vasectomy in which fertility was restored by microsurgical vasovasostomy. The reason for vasectomy reversal in these cases was a subsequent marriage. Case 1: A 36-year-old male who had had vasectomy 3 years earlier, underwent vasovasostomy on September 20th 1976. The sperm granuloma was not found, but sperm was observed in the fluid from the proximal cut-end of the vas deferens at the time of operation. He fathered a baby on October 2, 1977. Case 2: A 43-year-old male who had had vasectomy 10 years ago underwent vasovasostomy on February 5th 1980. Sperm granuloma was observed at the time of operation. He fathered a baby on February 25th 1981. The important factors that determine the success of vasectomy reversal are the method and time of reversal. 1) Microsurgical two-layer vasovasostomy is the most reliable method among the various operations for vasectomy reversal. 2) A shorter duration between vasectomy and it's reversal, and the existence of sperm granuloma after previous vasectomy increase the possibility to restore fertility. PMID- 6677130 TI - [Urodynamic studies on postmicturition dribble]. AB - Sixteen patients presenting with a symptom of postmicturition dribble were studied. All the patients were examined by the technique of voiding cysto urethrography recording on video-tape. The findings of the videocysto urethrography confirmed that postmicturition dribble resulted from a residue of urine in the bulbar urethra. No urodynamic abnormality was seen in the six patients who had no other symptom or disease. The patient is instructed to compress the bulbar urethra manually in the perineum after micturition and evacuate the bulbar residual urine. Symptomatic relief is usually obtained. PMID- 6677131 TI - [Two cases of renal angiomyolipoma]. AB - Two cases of renal angiomyolipoma without tuberous sclerosis are presented. The 1st case was a 33-year-old woman who had left flank pain and macroscopic hematuria on August 26, 1980. Physical examinations revealed a large left renal tumor, and selective renal angiograms showed the presence of a hypovascular mass located in the central to median lower part of the left kidney. Ultrasonography showed a high echogenic mass accompanied by a round low echogenic area in the left kidney. Computed tomography revealed a fatty density in the renal mass. The 2nd case was a 60-year-old woman who was incidentally diagnosed as having a right renal tumor by ultrasonography on February 18, 1982. The echogram showed a high echogenic mass in the right kidney, and the fatty density in the renal mass was determined by computed tomography. These patients underwent nephrectomy and the histological diagnosis was angiomyolipoma. The usefulness of ultrasonography and computed tomography in the preoperative diagnosis of this clinical entity and the possibility of association with renal cell carcinoma are discussed. PMID- 6677132 TI - [Renal leiomyosarcoma associated with penile carcinoma: a case report]. AB - A case of renal leiomyosarcoma in a 55-year-old male is presented. The patient also had penile carcinoma. We believe this is the first report of renal leiomyosarcoma associated with penile carcinoma. Since 1957, thirty four cases of renal leiomyosarcoma have been reported in the Japanese literature. Some diagnostic problems of renal leiomyosarcoma are discussed, and the association of penile carcinoma with other malignant tumors is reviewed. PMID- 6677134 TI - [A case of an incompletely duplicated ventral urethra]. AB - A ventral incomplete duplicated urethra was found in a 20-year-old male. The accessory urethra lay ventral to and in parallel with the normal urethra. The external orifice of the accessory urethra was also ventral to the orifice of the normal urethra in the glans. On the other hand, the accessory urethra was closed near the bulbar region, and an abscess was found at the dead end. The accessory urethra, which was 9 cm long, was surgically removed. Histopathologically, the luminal surface was covered with a stratified squamous epithelium; and, smooth muscle and spongy tissue were observed around the accessory urethra. The classification of the duplicated urethra is discussed. PMID- 6677133 TI - [A case of paraganglioma of the urinary bladder]. AB - Herein we report a case of primary paraganglioma of the urinary bladder. A 21 year-old woman was admitted to an emergency hospital, because of gross hematuria, dysuria and complete urinary retention. Pelvic CT scan and ultrasonic examination revealed a bladder tumor and coagulated blood mass, then she was referred to our clinic for further treatment. On cystoscopy a dark brown lobular tumor was seen on the anterior wall. The bladder tumor was removed by partial cystectomy. The operative specimen measured 6 X 4 X 3 cm and weighed 50 g. Histological examination showed it to be a paraganglioma of the urinary bladder, which was chromaffin positive. Her serum and urinary catecholamine level were within the normal range after operation. She is now ten months postoperative, free from hematuria, and showing no other symptoms or signs of disease including metastasis. PMID- 6677136 TI - [A case of true hermaphroditism]. AB - The patient was a two years and seven months old, who was legally a female. She visited our University Hospital with the chief complaint of ambiguous genitalia. The hypertrophied clitoris was 13 mm in length and 11 mm in diameter. The external urethral orifice and vagina were observed separately. The testis-like mass was palpable in the right labium. She had a karyotype of 46XX . The Urinary excretion of 17 KS and pregnanetriol and serum 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were within the normal range. Vaginography showed the vagina, uterus and left fallopian tube. At exploratory laparotomy, we found the uterus and left fallopian tube; the left and right gonads were in the intraperitoneal cavity and the inguinal canal, respectively. To build female characteristics, clitoroplasty was performed, the right gonad was removed the testis-like portion of the left gonad was resected, and the ovary-like portion in the left gonad was biopsied. Both gonads were confirmed to be ovotestis histologically. PMID- 6677135 TI - [A case of a scrotal hemo-lymphangioma]. AB - A nineteen-year-old man with a painless tumor in the right scrotal area was seen at our Department. The scrotal mass had been noticed from his childhood. The tumor was 8.2 X 5.2 X 5.0 cm weighed 47.3 g. Histological examination revealed hemo-lymphangioma. PMID- 6677137 TI - [Diagnosis of bladder cancer by transurethral ultrasonic scanning]. AB - Transurethral ultrasonographic examination was performed on a total of 24 patients with 40 bladder tumors to evaluate the accuracy of the method to detect bladder tumors and to compare ultrasonographic staging of bladder tumors with pathological staging. The results showed that it was difficult to detect bladder tumors of any size located in the bladder neck or dome and those less than 0.5 cm in diameter located anywhere, indicating the difficulty in tumor staging. On the other hand, diagnostic accuracy was approximately 90% for the tumors larger than 0.5 cm in diameter. Therefore, if a tumor with a diameter larger than 0.5 cm is detected by cystoscopy, we believe that urethral ultrasonographic examination should be performed as a routine protocol after the cystoscopy. PMID- 6677138 TI - [A clinical survey on 24 cases of primary ureteral tumors]. AB - A clinical survey was performed on 24 cases of primary ureteral tumors treated in our University Hospital between Jan. 1972 and Dec. 1981. The incidence of primary ureteral tumors was 0.17% among the outpatients in our urologic clinic. The patients ranged from 41 to 84 years old in age (average age: 65 years), and the male to female ratio was 3 to 1. The left ureter and the lower third of the ureter were involved more frequently. The most frequent initial symptom was macrohematuria seen in 19 cases (79%), followed by loin pain seen in 6 cases (25%). A cytologic study of the voided urine or ureteral urine was carried out in 18 cases and positive results were obtained in 9 cases (50%). Cystoscopic examination revealed a tumor protruding through the ureteral orifice in 16.7% (4 of 24 cases), followed by bulging orifice in 8.3% (2 of 24 cases). Excretory pyelography showed ureteral filling defects in 41.7% (10 of 24 cases). Retrograde pyelography showed ureteral filling defects in 100% (10 of 10 cases). CT showed a mass region in 44.4% (4 of 9 cases). A total of 14 patients underwent nephroureterectomy with partial or total cystectomy (66.7%). The overall 5-year survival rate was 56.5% and could be directly associated with grade and stage of tumors. PMID- 6677140 TI - [Ureteroceles in adult women: report of two cases]. AB - Two cases of ureteroceles are reported. Case 1: Transurethral prolapse of a simple ureterocele was seen in a 27-year-old woman. Bilateral vesicoureteral neostomy was carried out, and she has been living with no vesicoureteral reflux or complaints. Case 2: An ectopic ureterocele was seen in a 51-year-old woman. She had right complete double renal systems, neither of which was dilated. There were three stones in the ureterocele and several stones in the upper renal system. Ureterocelectomy and plasty of the ureteral orifices were performed, and a complete cure was achieved. PMID- 6677141 TI - [A case of malignant melanoma of the penis]. AB - We experienced a 53-year-old male with malignant melanoma of the penis. A lentigo was noted in the dorsal penis in 1980. On February 4, 1982, he was referred to our Hospital with the complaint of enlargement of the lentigo of the penis and swelling of the bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. Lymph node biopsy disclosed metastasis of the malignant melanoma. He was hospitalized for treatment of the lesion. On physical examination at admission, a black tumor, 3 cm in diameter, with necrosis at the center and unclear demarcation was observed in the dorsal part, very close to the coronal sulcus, slightly to the left. Many black spots were scattered around the tumor. Curative operation could not be expected because of metastasis to the lymph nodes and the lung. Combination chemotherapy with DTIC, ACNU and vincristine, and immunotherapy were carried out. CT scan, lymphangiography and intravenous pyelography confirmed right hydronephrosis due to compression of enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Agenesis of the left kidney was confirmed through these evaluations. Right ureterostomy was performed and a metastatic lesion was identified in the resected ureter. After the operative treatment, chemotherapy and immunotherapy were performed again, but their effects were limited, and he died on May 6, 1982. Metastatic lesions in the lungs, liver, brain, skin and agenesis of the left kidney were confirmed by autopsy. Eleven malignant melanomas of the penis including our case have been reported in the Japanese literature. This case is considered to be secondary to an ureter tumor. PMID- 6677139 TI - [Fracture of the penis: report of 10 cases and a review of 231 cases in Japan]. AB - Ten cases of fracture of the penis were experienced between 1961 and 1981 at our Department. In all cases, the penis was swollen and distorted by a subcutaneous hematoma. No hemorrhagic discharge from urethra was seen. The patient's age was between 19 and 57 years. The causes of these fracture were coitus in 3 cases, manipulation in 4 cases (including one masturbation case), inverting in 2 cases, and the last case resulted from the patient's rolling over in bed. Surgical repair was performed on all patients. The causes, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of 231 cases of fracture of the penis reported in the Japanese literature between 1934 and 1982 are reviewed. PMID- 6677142 TI - [Synchronous double cancer of the esophagus and the urinary bladder: report of two cases]. AB - An 82-year-old man was seen with the complaints of gross hematuria and dysphagia in September 1979. An invasive bladder tumor was found and TUR-Bt (Transitional cell carcinoma, G2, pT3NXMO ) was performed. Fluoroscopic examination revealed a large esophageal cancer (Undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma, T2NXMO ) and irradiation was performed (Linac 4,600 rads). The patient's condition aggravated rapidly and he died in February 1980. A 76-year-old man irradiated for an esophageal cancer (Linac 6,540 rads) (undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma, T1NXMO ) in March 1981. Eleven months later, bladder cancer was found and treated with TUR-Bt (Transitional cell carcinoma, G2, PTlmNXMO ) followed by intravesical instillation of carboquone and adriamycin. The patient was alive 1 year and 9 months after the diagnosis of the esophageal cancer. Sixteen cases of double cancer of the esophagus and urinary bladder were found in the Japanese literature. Eighteen cases including the above 2 cases were males and their ages ranged from 51 to 82 years. Sixteen bladder cancers were transitional cell carcinoma and 15 esophagus cancers were squamous cell carcinoma. Of 9 cases whose clinical course were described in detail, 3 were synchronous and 6 were metachronous. Radical surgery was performed for one or both of the two cancers in 5 cases, 4 of which were metachronous. Indication of surgery for the metachronous second cancer does not differ significantly from sporadic cancer when the first cancer has been managed successfully. However, the treatment for the synchronous double cancer of this type of combination is often forced to be restricted, since the prognosis of esophageal cancer is poor and surgical risk may be increased by two radical surgeries in such elderly patients. PMID- 6677143 TI - [Primary malignant lymphoma of the urinary bladder: report of a case]. AB - A case of primary malignant lymphoma of the bladder is reported. A 73-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with the chief complaint of asymptomatic gross hematuria on January 11, 1982. Preoperative examinations with cystoscopy, DIP, cystogram, CT scan, ultrasonography and transurethral biopsy suggested a non epithelial tumor of the bladder. Partial cystectomy was performed on March 31, 1982. Histological diagnosis was diffuse lymphoma, medium-sized cell type by the classification of LSG (The lymphoma-leukemia study group of Japan). One month later, she was treated with VEPA therapy, which consisted of vincristine, cyclophosphamide (Endoxan), prednisolone and adriamycin. Postoperative course was uneventful and she has been doing well without any clinical evidence of recurrence during the period of 11 months following the operation. PMID- 6677144 TI - [Retroperitoneal lipoma: report of a case]. AB - A case of retroperitoneal lipoma is reported. The patient came to our hospital with the complaint of an abdominal mass. The pathological finding was benign lipoma. The diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of 51 cases of the disease collected from the Japanese literature are reviewed. PMID- 6677146 TI - [Clinical statistics on outpatients, inpatients and operations at the Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, in 1982]. AB - Statistical studies on 2,040 new outpatients, 575 inpatients and 570 operative procedures at our department in 1982 revealed the following. The most frequent diseases among the outpatients were urogenital infections followed by anomalies and tumors. Over half of the inpatients were pediatric patients and the major diseases among inpatients were hypospadias, vesicoureteral reflux, urolithiasis, congenital urethral stenosis and undescended testis. A total of 570 operations were performed on 531 patients, and the major five operations were hypospadias repair (79), optic internal urethrotomy (71), TUR-P (49), ureterocystoneostomy (33) and orchidopexy (32). PMID- 6677147 TI - The contribution of psychoanalysis to the psychotherapy of adolescents. PMID- 6677145 TI - [Clinical statistics on patients admitted at the Department of Urology, Kyoto University Hospital, 1977-1982]. AB - A statistic survey was carried out on the patients, diseases, and operations experienced at the urological ward of Kyoto University Hospital during the years of 1977 to 1982. PMID- 6677148 TI - The adolescent self during the process of termination of treatment: termination, interruption, or intermission? PMID- 6677149 TI - Obstacles and pathways in the journey from adolescence to parenthood. PMID- 6677150 TI - Early adolescent deaf boys: a biopsychosocial approach. AB - In this chapter I have reviewed observations from clinical consultation and group therapy work with early adolescent deaf boys in a special day school for the deaf. I have stressed how problems in communication exert a profound effect on the lives of these youngsters, both by virtue of their past and present influence on family life and by their ongoing effect on peer-group processes and academic adjustment. Primary consideration was given to certain "here and now" aspects of these boys' lives: ongoing problems in the social fabric of their home and school; narcissistic vulnerabilities and defenses against shame; and language processing difficulties. The ways in which these problems undermine the supportive effect of the peer group at a time when it plays a particularly important role in development were reviewed. By emphasizing current sources of difficulty, using a biopsychosocial approach, I hope to point out fruitful opportunities for significant psychiatric intervention in a psychiatrically vulnerable population whose needs for professional service have never been met. PMID- 6677151 TI - Special problems in borderline adolescents from wealthy families. AB - Borderline adolescents from wealthy families pose a number of special problems in psychotherapy. The family may use great affluence to cushion the lives of their children in such a way as to diminish motivation for work, avocational pursuits, or anything requiring self-discipline. This in turn may exacerbate problems in the formation of identity, already impaired in the borderline adolescent. Antisocial tendencies may go unchecked because of the wealthy family's unusual ability to get around the authorities whenever its children are apprehended for an offense. Appropriate limit setting, imposed in ordinary families partly out of economic necessity, may fail to be imposed where family wealth has nullified the necessity for it. Parental deprivation, encountered often among the very poor, may also be seen among the wealthy, some of whom insulate themselves against their children to a marked degree, via household servants to whom almost all parental functions may have been allocated. From such deprivation, various character deformations may develop, including pathological narcissism. Clinical vignettes, illustrating these points and containing some suggestions for therapy, have been included. PMID- 6677152 TI - Learning disabilities and the college student: identification and diagnosis. AB - The identification and diagnosis of a learning disability in the college student are complex tasks. They constitute important tasks when we realize that 720,000 college students (6 percent, if we assume that there are 12 million in college today) may be learning disabled ( Astin 1983). It is evident that children with learning disabilities are at risk for psychological and social problems in adolescence and young adulthood ( Bellak 1979; Crabtree 1981; Cruikshank et al. 1980; Horowitz 1981). There is a risk that the learning disability will not be identified, and, hence, the problem will be treated as only a psychogenic one. Unfortunately, this will tend to contribute not only to the student's feelings of guilt, stupidity, and inability to change but also to the clinician's sense of frustration. The description of the learning disabled college student and the two step identification process in this chapter provides guidelines to aid understanding of these issues. Most colleges have not yet come to grips with what it means to have learning disabled students in terms of teaching, academic evaluation, diagnosis, and college counseling. To do so is important not only because of recent laws that guarantee equal educational opportunity for these students but also because a learning disability, whether overt or covert, can profoundly affect a person's educational and psychosocial development. It has often been said that the capacity to love and work is the foundation for the healthy adult. It is easy to see how academic learning is the work of the college student and educational success or failure is linked integrally to self-esteem and self-love. PMID- 6677153 TI - Sexual abuse of children and adolescents. AB - Parents, relatives, and friends may inflict their passions on children of the same or opposite sex. This is often initiated by sleeping together. Sexual abuse contributes to and causes emotional trauma, although the child's turmoil, confusion, wish for acceptance, and anxiety may be overlooked by the parent and professional. Mutual silence aided by threats adds to the anxiety. Despite the notion that reports of parental sexual exploitation of their children are usually fantasies, there appear to be increasing data that incest and sexual abuse are frequent traumata. At present, there is increased risk of lowering the incest barrier because of increased rates of divorce and step- or surrogate parenthood, since they provide additional potential for being sexually and emotionally traumatized. Sexual abuse seems to be part of a constellation involving neglect and a pathological symbiosis. That sexual abuse is emotionally traumatic is apparent, but it needs emphasizing. Children's defensive reactions may cloud this, and it may be years before such incidents are connected to symptomatic behavior, even when the child is in intensive therapy. In the reported cases, there appears to be a pattern of reactions and defenses related to the traumata that are embedded in imprinting and identification with the aggressor. This leads to sexual abuse being a legacy passed on to the next generation of victims, as the victim becomes the molester through identification. Adolescent self destructive behavior may stem from guilt about sexually abusing younger children. Therapists may be better able to understand and deal with some of their patients' symptoms if sexual abuse is considered as a possible factor in one or both directions. PMID- 6677154 TI - The pursuit of the fantasy family: generational aspects. PMID- 6677155 TI - The academia, the pseudo-community, and the army in the development of identity. PMID- 6677156 TI - Competent adolescents from different socioeconomic and ethnic contexts. AB - In this report two groups of adolescents have been compared and contrasted--black adolescents from working-class families and white adolescents from middle- and upper-middle-class families. The comparisons were based on detailed content analyses of intensive interviews. Although from very different neighborhoods, levels of family income, and life opportunities, the adolescents in these two groups shared an important asset. They were from families determined by rigorous research methodology to be functioning at the more competent end of the continuum of family competence. A preliminary hypothesis that ethnic and socioeconomic forces would cause these two groups of adolescents to be very dissimilar was incorrect. The similarities were, in fact, striking. This important research finding underscores the power of the family as the crucible of human development. PMID- 6677157 TI - The fairy tale as paradigm of the separation-individuation crisis: implications for treatment of the borderline adolescent. AB - This chapter is an attempt to offer a model for therapeutic work with borderline patients that is based on the structure and content of the fairy tale. It views the fairy tale as both descriptive in its echoing of developmental struggles of childhood and integrative in providing a model for resolution of these conflicts. Clare's use of the fairy tale offers confirmation of theoretical notions which place the etiology of borderline pathology in early developmental failures and a clue to the therapeutic work with borderline patients. While the childhood route of the fairy tale may no longer be available to most, its subtle mirroring of the separation-individuation crisis and gradual, growthful steps toward integration of both the external and the internal worlds offer an exquisite model for the work of psychotherapy. "Once a king in Narnia , always a king in Narnia . But don't go trying to use the same route twice. . ." (Lewis 1950, p. 186). PMID- 6677158 TI - Reflections. PMID- 6677159 TI - The diary as a transitional object in female adolescent development. AB - The concept of the diary as a transitional object adds a new perspective to the theory and treatment of adolescents. The findings of this pilot study suggest that the diary mirrors, soothes , helps inhibit frightening impulses, and helps integrate inner and outer realities. These functional aspects of the diary become internalized into the evolving psychic structure just as the analogous functions of the therapist in the context of a positive transference are internalized. The use of the adolescent diary in psychotherapy enhances and enriches the meaning of the treatment alliance and promotes the progress of the "second separation individuation." The therapist's sensitive and creative understanding of the diary diarist relationship can lead to improved treatment strategies for adolescent patients. Further empirical research on the phenomenon of adolescent diary writing may deepen our clinical and theoretical understanding of this challenging population. PMID- 6677160 TI - [The problem of the campaign against leprosy]. PMID- 6677162 TI - [Validation of a steam sterilization cycle]. PMID- 6677161 TI - [The current role of excipients in formulation]. PMID- 6677163 TI - [Effect of clonidine and adrafinil on biliary secretion in the rat]. PMID- 6677164 TI - [Effects of sodium aurothiopropanol sulfonate on the proliferation kinetics of articular chondrocytes in culture]. PMID- 6677165 TI - [Radioimmunologic study of antidigitoxin antibodies in the liquid phase and after fixation in the solid phase]. PMID- 6677166 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy study of the morphologic effects of the peritoneal margination of mast cells]. PMID- 6677167 TI - [A practical method for the synthesis of 1-aminoisoquinoline]. PMID- 6677168 TI - [Anti-edematous action of a hexane extract of the stone fruit of Serenoa repens Bartr]. PMID- 6677170 TI - [Application of thermal analysis to the determination of the purity of chemical drugs. Chlorprothixene as an example]. PMID- 6677169 TI - [Tolerance of mouse intestinal mucosa to prolonged ingestion of senna powder]. PMID- 6677171 TI - [New research on the cellular effects of thiaproline]. PMID- 6677172 TI - [Purification of a tannic extract of strawberry plant by fermentation]. PMID- 6677173 TI - [Vascular effects of dialkylaminoalkyl ethers of eurapone or isomers of euparone]. PMID- 6677174 TI - Cow-calf and sow-piglet behaviour in relation to colostrum ingestion. AB - The declines in both production of immunoglobulin (lg) by mothers and absorption efficiency by young make it desirable for calves to ingest an adequate amount of colostrum by 6-12 h and piglets to do so by 4-8 h. In cattle, suckling attempts may be delayed by weakness of the cow or calf due to difficult calving, injury, deformities or disease. The incidence of attacking or avoiding calves is greater among heifers than among older cows and rejection is occasionally a serious problem. Amongst dairy cattle, the major factor leading to inadequate colostrum intake is difficulty in finding a teat or suckling from it because the udder is pendulous and the teats are fat. Calves of cows with pendulous udders, and this included most older cows, failed to suck within 6 h and obtained inadequate lg levels unless put to the teat. Absorption of lg may be more efficient if the mother is present. Some attacking of piglets by gilts is common and injuries to piglets due to sow attacks may be a serious problem. Injuries, deformities, general weakness or becoming trapped in part of the farrowing pen reduce the chances that a piglet will suckle adequately. Agalactia and competition for teats result in some piglets in larger litters failing to suckle. Fighting for colostrum producing teats peaks 2 h after the birth of the first piglet so later born piglets must obtain less of the lg produced if farrowing is prolonged. Group farrowing and group calving increase the chances that some piglets or calves will fail to obtain adequate colostrum. PMID- 6677175 TI - The importance of colostral immunoglobulins and their absorption from the intestine of the newborn animals. AB - It is well established that there normally is no transmission of maternal immunoglobulins across the placenta of the pig and calf. The passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins from mother to neonate is for pig and calf the most important way of giving immediate immunological protection. The proteolytic activity in the digestive tract is low, and is further minimized by the presence of trypsin inhibitor in colostrum. The small intestine is lined with highly vacuolated, immature mucosal epithelial cells which are capable of absorbing macromolecules. Immunoglobulins in the lumen of the intestine are first internalized by enterocytes via pinocytosis in the uptake phase, and internalized macromolecules are thereafter transported to the blood. In pig and calf, the uptake and transport of macromolecules is qualitatively nonselective, including a variety of homologous and heterologous proteins. The absorption of immunoglobulins has dropped to a relatively low level after 24-36 hours. What regulates closure is not fully known, but appears to be controlled by endocrine influences and coordinated with the development of the enzymes that characterize the mature microvillus surface. Many factors influence the absorption of colostral immunoglobulins in the newborn e.g. starting age of colostrum feeding, feeding before colostrum feeding, amount of colostrum fed, concentration of immunoglobulins in colostrum, exposure to stress, permeability changes in the intestine. PMID- 6677176 TI - Implantation and development of the gut flora in the newborn animal. AB - The newborn mammal, germfree in the mother's uterus, steps in complex microbial environment as soon as born. Bacterial development in the digestive cavities of the newborn animal, from the environmental bacteria, occurs very quickly. Within three hours after birth a small microbial population is present in the piglet, baby mouse or human baby. Within twelve hours after birth, dominant microbial population of the newborn animal can be as important as that of the adult animal. In any case, this highest level is reached within 24 h after birth. Studying several animal species, one observes a certain diversity in the steps of establishment of the principal bacterial groups. For instance, facultative anaerobic bacteria appear before strictly anaerobic bacteria in the young mouse, whereas the opposite situation happens in the young hare. In the calf and the piglet, strictly and facultative bacteria establish approximatively at the same time. On day one after birth E. coli and Streptococci establish in the human infant, and also species belonging to genus Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. This last genus becomes dominant from 4 to 5 days after birth. The newborn successively meets three different bacterial ecosystems: maternal vagina, maternal feces and finally environment where it is reared. Each of these three ecosystems probably takes a role in the elaboration of the newborn animals flora, but in proportion difficult to estimate. Any way, one can state that the newborn possess powerful systems to sort out certain specific bacterial species among those constituting the environmental population to which he is exposed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6677177 TI - Development of digestive functions in the newborn ruminant. AB - To assess the progress of developing digestive functions accurately, it is necessary to evaluate the relative changes of certain variables. Observations have been reported on anatomical, biochemical and physiological changes that occur during the digestive adaptation of the neonatal lamb or calf to the extra uterine life. For example, chymosin, a milk-clotting acid protease, is maintained by the milk diet at a high level until weaning in calves, as a result of the stimulation by casein of the rate of chymosin synthesis. PMID- 6677178 TI - Thermoregulation and energy metabolism in the neonatal pig. AB - The period of 2-3 days following birth represents a critical period in the life of a pig. A major factor adversely affecting survival is the difficulty of the piglet to maintain homeothermy. Its thermoregulatory mechanisms available at birth become active immediately, but the thermogenesis is limited by the paucity of body energy reserves mainly composed of glycogen. Ingestion of colostrum is associated with a considerable increase in the metabolic rate which contributes to maintenance of body temperature. Within the first day of life, it is established that both heat production and rectal temperature are closely related to the level of colostrum intake. Failure to provide an adequate thermal environment reduces colostrum intake in the neonatal pig with corresponding effects on the development of the immunological and thermoregulation system. Finally, the key role of cold stress on neonatal mortality is discussed. PMID- 6677179 TI - Energy metabolism and thermoregulation in the newborn calf. AB - About half of calf losses occur during the first two days of life. Mortality rate is increased by difficult parturition and adverse climatic conditions. However, thermoregulatory mechanisms are operative at birth, these including the metabolism of brown adipose tissue, shivering and physical activity. Thermoregulation is just as effective in twin as in single calves provided that calving conditions are good. Heat production of Charolais and Salers calves was lower than that of Friesian; the difference came from a lower basal metabolic rate rather from a better thermic insulation. In dystocial calves, blood pH at birth was very low, lactataemia was two or three times higher than in eutocial calves, mobilization of body lipids was reduced and plasma thyroid hormone level were low, which can explain the lower heat production and the drop in rectal temperature. The physiological responses of calves born by caesarean parturition depend on the delay incurred during surgical removal. PMID- 6677181 TI - Prevalence rate of porcine rotavirus in Danish swine herds. AB - The prevalence rate of rotavirus in swine herds in Denmark was examined. 28 intensive breeding herds were tested and rotavirus was detected in 18 herds, i.e. 64.2%. Of the 638 fecal samples examined, 221 were positive (34.6%). The age distribution showed that rotavirus occurred with highest frequency (approx. 60%) in four week-old piglets. Rotavirus infection in neonatal piglets predominantly occurred in litters born by gilts. Production systems had influence on the occurrence of rotavirus. In traditional farrowing pens with loose sows, the prevalence rate was lower (28.3%) than in more restrictive farrowing pens with tethered sows and perforated flooring (43.3%). The most marked by difference occurred after the first two weeks when prevalence rate in piglets in restrictive farrowing pens rose distinctly over pigs in traditional pens (72.5% and 42.3%, respectively). The weaning age had distinct influence upon rotavirus shedding. Piglets weaned at two weeks had much higher prevalence rate (66.2%) than piglets weaned at 4-5 weeks of age (24.1%). PMID- 6677180 TI - Rotavirus infections in calves. AB - Rotaviruses are now established as a major cause of neonatal enteritis and diarrhoea in calves. Laboratory diagnosis is usually based on detection of the virus or virus antigens in faeces by direct electron microscopy or tests such as ELISA and IEOP. Rotaviruses are resistant to inactivation and are normally present in large numbers in faeces, so that environmental contamination is both heavy and persistent. Infection is transmitted primarily by faecal-oral contact. Calves are usually protected from infection for the first few days of life by colostral antibody. When this disappears from the gut the calf is totally susceptible to infection and maximum virus excretion normally occurs around the end of the first week of life. The disease has a high morbidity, but clinically is of mild to moderate severity. Many infections are subclinical. The virus infects and destroys mature villous enterocytes in the small intestine, resulting in villous atrophy and replacement of mature epithelial cells by undifferentiated immature cells. Diarrhoea probably results from malabsorption and net water secretion. Control is based on management systems designed to decrease the amount of infection to which the calf is exposed and on increasing the specific resistance of the calf to infection e.g. by feeding immune colostrum or by vaccination. Vaccination of the dam with adjuvanted, inactivated vaccines has given promising results, but this work is still at an early stage. PMID- 6677182 TI - Environment and gastro-enteritis. AB - Pathologists are always tempted to account for the occurrence of diseases by the presence or absence of some specific microbiological agent. It is the case when a major infectious agent is in contact with a receptive animal. When the Transmissible Gastro-enteritis virus is introduced into a susceptible herd, the results of the infection are calamitious. Nevertheless, the relationship between the infection and the disease is rarely simple. It is necessary to distinguish two kinds of diseases: --the monofactorial diseases (T.G.E....) --the multifactorial diseases (Colibacillosis especially after the weaning...). For these multifactorial diseases the clinical signs and the lesions are induced by an infectious agent which can be considered as a final "effector" whose multiplication depends on factors in the farm which disturb physiological or immunological mechanisms of regulation (humoral immunity, clearance, intestinal motility...). The herd system can be defined by 6 variables which could be considered as limiting factors responsible for the onset of digestive disorders: food, building, management, animal with specific and non-specific resistance, microbism and the farmer who plays a main role in the control of these variables. The disease has to be considered not only as the result of the multiplication of the microbe which is often the last actor of a morbid process but also as the disharmony of the variables defining the structure of the herd. PMID- 6677183 TI - Influence of environmental factors on the onset of digestive disorders of the weaned piglet. AB - An ecopathological study was conducted in Brittany (France) in 89 conventional herds in order to identify the main circumstances that permit the onset of weaning disorders. By comparing the different practices in affected and non affected herds using multidimensional data analysis methods, a combination of 10 variables was found. These variables are considered as predisposing factors and called "risk factors". They are connected and have a cumulative effect. Preparation to weaning (piglets' weights at weaning, feeding level ingested during suckling period) and environmental conditions of reception of the weaned piglet such as housing requirements are needed. PMID- 6677184 TI - The occurrence of diarrhoea in calves under different management systems. AB - A total of 3200 Friesian male calves were purchased into our experimental station at Grange in the period January 1976 to June 1982. The study examined the effect of calf source, serum immunoglobulin level and purchase weight on the occurrence of diarrhoea and death in two systems of calf management. Occurrence of diarrhoea was significantly (P less than 0.001) influenced by calf source, serum immunoglobulin level and purchase weight under both management systems. Deaths were significantly influenced by serum immunoglobulin levels and purchase weight under both systems. Calf liveweight among calves which had diarrhoea was lower. The occurrence of diarrhoea and death was lower among calves group fed acidified milk replacer ad libitum warm compared with calves fed normal milk replacer under similar circumstances. PMID- 6677185 TI - Influence of weaning age and housing conditions on gastro-intestinal disorders in piglets. AB - In a trial with 222 litters flat deck pens and pens on concrete floor for weaners were compared. The pens were installed in separate rooms, and the comparison was accomplished with pigs weaned at three, four, five and six weeks of age, respectively. Results from this trial did not show any differences in gastrointestinal disorders. No differences in relation to weaning age or type of pen were found. Neither results from analyses of interaction between weaning age and type of pen were significant. PMID- 6677186 TI - Lysozyme, an abomasal enzyme in the ruminants. AB - A strong lytic activity against Micrococcus luteus was demonstrated in abomasal secretions from calf, adult cattle, goat and sheep. This bacteriolytic activity was undetectable in other secretions. Bacteriolysis was caused by a glycosidase displaying endo-N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase specificity (EC 3.2.1.17) and was further characterized in the calf. This lysozyme also displayed significant chitinase activity. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed the secretion of lysozyme by abomasal gastric glands exclusively. Electrofocusing revealed multiple molecular forms, the predominant one (more than 80%) being characterized by Mr approx. 15,000, pH optimum 5.0, pl 7.5 and remarkable conformational stability. The lytic activity of lysozyme was ionic strength dependent and competitive inhibition was observed with both N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl muramic acid. Amino-acid analysis demonstrated common characteristics with known lysozymes, i.e. four disulphide bridges, two proline and N-terminal lysine. Structural homology between the three ruminant lysozymes was established by immunological cross-reactivity. PMID- 6677187 TI - Influence of birth prematurity on colostrum composition and subsequent immunity of piglets. AB - Two groups of seven pregnant sows were farrowing either naturally after 111-114 days of gestation or prematurely after 109 days following an injection of 125 micrograms/animal of a prostaglandin analogue. Colostrum intake was controlled individually on piglets during the first 24 h of life. Measurements of IgG, IgA and IgM were performed on 3 samples of colostrum after 0, 12 and 24 h following the birth of the first piglet, then in the serum of the piglets, sampled at 4, 12 and 42 days of age. Then, we calculated the total amount of Ig intake during the first 24 h of life and an estimation of the Ig stores of each piglet on the basis of weight, blood volume, and hematocrit at different ages. Results showed a marked average difference in the birth weight in favour of mature piglets as well as an increased colostrum intake: 315 vs an average of 213 g for premature piglets. Considerable variations between sows were found in the initial level of colostral IgG, independently of the gestation length. Two thirds of the IgG intake by piglets occurred during the first 12 h. Total Immunoglobulin intake in the first day was respectively 15.8 g vs 25.1 g for premature or mature piglets. Total estimated Ig content in the serum of 4 day-old piglets was also lower for premature ones (2.55 vs 3.2 g/animal), representing 10 to 27% of the total amount of Igs ingested during the first day of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6677188 TI - Utilization of volatile fatty acids and improvement of fluid therapy for treatment of dehydration in diarrheic calves. AB - Oral glucose-electrolytes solutions have been first developed for treatment of watery diarrhea in situations where resources are limited. However, oral therapy proved by no means to be a limited or alternative form of treatment and it must be now considered as the treatment of choice for acute diarrhea of practically all etiologies. Furthermore, it must be pointed out that, whatever the additional treatments (antibiotics essentially), oral therapy and suppression of milk feeding have to be effected as soon as possible. Glucose-facilited sodium transport is one of the main processes involved in efficiency of oral formulations. However, recent investigations in our laboratory have shown that acetate (and propionate) brought about a substantial stimulation of sodium and water absorption in the small intestine. This effect was all the more interesting since it was observed throughout the small intestine, in contrast to solutes such as glucose, aminoacids or chloride. Furthermore, acetate affords the possibility of having a more physiological Na/Cl ratio, for correction of acidosis. Besides, acetate may display a delayed alkalinizing effect after metabolization. Propionate also exhibits interesting properties on sodium absorption and as glucogenic substrate after absorption. Field evaluation have demonstrated the efficiency of oral formulations including acetate and propionate (treatment of more than 100 000 diarrheic calves), with generally more than 95% success. Further progress should be expected from improvement in energy supply from oral formulations. The problem is at present the matter of investigations, particularly by utilization of lactose in carefully balanced electrolytes formulations. PMID- 6677189 TI - Minimise calf diarrhoea by good husbandry: treat sick calves by fluid therapy. AB - Calf morbidity and mortality rates up to three weeks old were 11.3% and 1.2% respectively when good husbandry was practised compared with 36.6% and 5.4% with poor husbandry. The annual mortality rate was 4% in earlier years when management was inadequate. The main features of good husbandry were feeding at least 2.25 litres of colostrum to each calf within the first hour of life to boost its immunity while minimising infection rates by regular thorough cleaning and disinfection of calving boxes and calf pens and providing uncrowded, dry, draught free accommodation. By these means satisfactory control of early calf losses was achieved without concentrating on specific microorganisms. Detailed examinations of sacrificed moribund diarrhoeic calves showed that E. coli, cryptosporidia, rota and corona viruses were associated agents. The serum immunoglobulin level of any individual calf was an unreliable guide to its future viability because 12 out of 488 calves with high levels died whereas 53 with unacceptably low levels remained healthy. Nevertheless when calves were grouped by immunoglobulin status the highest mortality rates occurred among those with low levels. Clinical examination of diarrhoeic calves to determine the degree of dehydration was more reliable than clinical pathologic laboratory tests. Results of a treatment trial indicated that oral glucose-glycine electrolyte solution alone was as beneficial as the electrolyte plus an oral triple sulphonamide and streptomycin. This was not unexpected in view of the widespread antibiotic resistance also demonstrated. PMID- 6677190 TI - Diarrhoea treatments--fluid replacement and alternatives. AB - Treatments for diarrhoea in animals include antibiotics, antisecretory drugs, adsorbents and fluid therapy. Of these, antibiotics have a role in bacterial disease, but are probably often used in cases where they contribute little. Other drug approaches (antisecretory, adsorbents, etc.) may in the future be useful, but those so far available do not appear very effective. Fluid therapy, especially by the oral route, is rational, is effective in both bacterial and viral diarrhoea, and should be the treatment of first choice. PMID- 6677192 TI - The constituent oocytal layers of the avian germ and the origin of the primordial germ cell yolk. AB - By radioactive or trypan blue induced fluorescence yolk labelling (used at certain developmental stages as intravital cytoplasmic markers), it can be demonstrated that the constituent yolk layers of quail blastoderms are formed when the precursor oocyte is growing from 3 to approximately 18 mm (rapid growth period). A previous study ( Callebaut , 1974) and the present study demonstrate that 2 cytoplasmic regions, each with a different constitution and behaviour, can be discerned in the avian germinal disc: 1) a deep and paraxial region, containing yolk that has been in contact with the t.i.c.o.s. (3H-thymidine incorporating cytoplasmic organelles) during oogenesis; 2) a superficial and peripheral region, which has not been in contact with the t.i.c.o. material and which penetrates into the first region along with the cleavage furrows. In the large blastomeres, the originally superficial ooplasm surrounds the deep ooplasm. The area centralis of the unincubated blastoderm must be considered as a heterogeneous cell population, containing both deep and superficial material in variable amounts. After laying and incubation, extra-embryonic tissues such as yolk endoderm and margin of overgrowth develop in the superficial and peripheral region. The embryonic mesoderm also develops from the latter. The yolk, which will be incorporated in the primordial germ cells (germinal yolk), derives only from the original deep and paraxial region of the oocytal germinal disc, i.e. from the region which has been in contact with the t.i.c.o.s. The germinal yolk plasm can be traced in the deep paraxial region of the oocytal germinal disc, in the central region of the unincubated blastoderm, in the endophyll (early primitive streak stage) and finally in the primordial germ cells (P.G.C.s.) at the moment of their separation from the endophyll wall (early somite stage). Thus our results provide evidence for the existence of a germ cell plasm in the avian postlampbrush oocyte. PMID- 6677191 TI - A GABA-EEG test of the blood-brain barrier near epileptic foci. AB - The permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the region of an epileptic focus may be assessed by infusing GABA and measuring a change in epileptic spike activity on the EEG. GABA does not cross the normal BBB but will suppress epileptic spike activity when it does cross where the BBB is damaged. 9 alumina-cobalt experimental epileptic foci were all initially suppressible, but 7 then became unsuppressible . When the foci were irradiated to lower the BBB, all 7 became temporarily suppressible. The experiments demonstrate that (1) epileptic foci can be equally active both with the BBB 'open' and 'closed'; (2) the intravenous GABA-EEG test can detect whether the BBB near the epileptic focus is open to GABA, and (3) anatomic tests of BBB integrity (in these experiments intravenous trypan blue) cannot determine if whether BBB near the focus is 'open' to GABA. Since the intravenous GABA-EEG test reveals the permeability of the BBB in the immediate environment of the epileptic focus, it may be very useful in the selection of a susceptible therapeutic group for inhibitory amino acid therapy. PMID- 6677193 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the effects of various doses of beta irradiation (50-5000 rads) on epidermal cells of embryos and larvae of Pleurodeles waltlii Mich. (Amphibia, Urodela)]. AB - Embryos of Pleurodeles waltlii at the hatching stage were irradiated with doses of 50 to 5 000 rad. From 70 to 500 rad chromosomal aberrations appear; they are studied respectively 24,48 hours and 3 weeks after the treatment. Breakages are observed, that may be followed by rearrangements, i.e. acentric, telocentric and dicentric fragments, chromatid translocations and chromosome translocations. With time, the cells showing the most severe abnormalities are eliminated by the developing larvae. From 1 000 rad cytoplasmic structures (membrane systems and mitochondria) are alterated . PMID- 6677194 TI - [Characteristics of Vibrio metschnikovii isolated in Tunisia]. AB - We report the isolation in Tunisia of two strains of Vibrio metschnik ovii from waters; These strains present some atypical characteristics the most important being their weak halophilie property. PMID- 6677195 TI - [Distribution of hydrocarbon residues in the sediment from Bizerte lagoon (Northern Tunisia)]. AB - The study of hydrocarbon residue by infrared spectrophotometry in the deposits of the Bizerta Lagoon allows us to recognize a polluted zone sector of the Menzel Bourguiba Arsenal. The Eastern part of the lagoon, a zone of "oyster parks" is not affected by pollution. Its average contents of hydrocarbon residues are clearly below the maximum content determined by international regulations. The distribution of hydrocarbon residues in the superficial sediments following three well differentiated zones, reflects the weak hydrodynamism in the lagoon. The vertical variations of this pollution agent contents show the preferential accumulation of the terrigenous material, from lake Ichkeul , in the western part and the weak rate of sedimentation in the eastern zone. PMID- 6677196 TI - [Extraction of urinary pregnanediol and estriol by the Bio-Rad column]. AB - In the present study, we have evaluated the quality control parameters of a new method for the determination of the urinary Pregnandiol and Estriol using a small column AG 1X2 proposed by Bio-Rad Laboratories. The principle of this method is based on a single extraction of steroids by ion exchange and methanol elution under different pH conditions. Compared to the "classical" methods using solvent extraction, the present method has some advantages mainly the elimination of the use of large volumes of solvents and the reduction of the sample volume to be analyzed. The preliminary results showed a recovery of 89,0% - 98,9% (C.V. = 5%) for Estriol and 83,8% - 93, 2% C.V = 5%) for Pregnandiol . The precision of the method evaluated by its repeatability and between-assay reproductibility showed 4% and 6% variation for Estriol and Pregnandiol . The Comparison of the present method with a classical one using Ether/Ethanol (4/1) for extraction gave us a very good correlation. PMID- 6677197 TI - Changes in the renal morphology after calcitonin treatment in the house shrew, Suncus murinus. PMID- 6677200 TI - Histological changes in the chorioallantoic placenta of the mouse with increasing gestational age. PMID- 6677201 TI - [Diagnostic features and clinico-electromyographic evaluation of the surgical therapy of the carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 6677199 TI - [Morphogenesis of compartments and fascial spaces of the sole of the foot. Observations in human fetuses]. PMID- 6677202 TI - [Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of the metacarpus. Bibliographic and clinical considerations]. PMID- 6677203 TI - [Role of scintigraphy in Legg-Perthes-Calve disease]. PMID- 6677204 TI - [Remote results in the bloodless treatment of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease using a pelvi-malleolar plaster cast with weight relieving stirrups]. PMID- 6677205 TI - [Valgus of the femur head and neck in the outcome of congenital dysplasia of the hip. Etiopathogenetic aspects]. PMID- 6677198 TI - [The intestinal mucosa of neo-bladders and ileal conduits]. PMID- 6677206 TI - [Harris femur head surgery in the treatment of postdysplastic coxarthrosis]. PMID- 6677207 TI - [Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femur head (clinical and radiographic contribution on cases of intertochanteric osteotomy)]. PMID- 6677208 TI - [Valgus-flexion osteotomy in the treatment of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femur head]. PMID- 6677209 TI - [Physiopathogenetic interpretations on the use of calcitonin in aseptic femur head necrosis]. PMID- 6677210 TI - [Analysis of the causes of reimplantation in total arthroprosthesis of the hip]. PMID- 6677211 TI - [Pes cavus. Treatment with medio-tarsal or double arthrodesis and remote results]. PMID- 6677212 TI - [Hallux valgus treated by the Keller-Lelievre-Viladot technic: indications and results]. PMID- 6677213 TI - [4th generation computed axial tomography in non-traumatic vertebral pathology (study of 40 cases)]. PMID- 6677214 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of diaphysial fractures of the humerus]. PMID- 6677217 TI - [Technico-surgical strategies in the treatment of transcotyloid fractures]. PMID- 6677215 TI - [Osteosynthesis of olecranon fractures with the brace technic]. PMID- 6677216 TI - [The treatment of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in childhood (cases and results)]. PMID- 6677218 TI - [Various methods for the treatment of diaphysial fractures with intramedullary nailing]. PMID- 6677219 TI - [Osteosynthesis of femur neck with Knowles nails]. PMID- 6677220 TI - [Non-traumatic luxation of the proximal tibio-peroneal articulation]. PMID- 6677221 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities in thalamic fractures of the calcaneus by autoplastic bone transplants]. PMID- 6677222 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of metatarsal fractures with percutaneous intramedullary fixation]. PMID- 6677223 TI - [Remote acute exacerbation of osteomyelitis of the femur after intramedullary nailing with Kuntscher nail]. PMID- 6677224 TI - [Indications for saccoradiculography in the diagnosis of posterior hernia of the lumbar disk]. PMID- 6677225 TI - [Fibrin glue in osteochondral separation of the knee]. PMID- 6677226 TI - [Radiographic parameters of the distal epiphysis of the radius in the healthy and fractured wrist]. PMID- 6677227 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome in dialyzed patients with an arteriovenous fistula of the forearm]. PMID- 6677228 TI - [Marfan's syndrome (description of an atypical case)]. PMID- 6677229 TI - [K.G.B. syndrome: review of the literature and presentation of a case]. PMID- 6677230 TI - [A familial case of aneurysmal bone cyst]. PMID- 6677231 TI - [A rare case of bilateral osteochondrosis of the first cuneiform bone]. PMID- 6677232 TI - [On an unusual case of monostotic fibrous dysplasia of metacarpal localization]. PMID- 6677233 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the distal tendon of the adductor longus muscle of the thigh. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 6677234 TI - [A simple instrumental method for mass screening of the dorsal curvature]. PMID- 6677235 TI - [Complication deriving from a second sacco-radiculography with dimer-X (clinico statistical study of 95 cases)]. PMID- 6677236 TI - [Remote radiographic results after hemilaminoarthrectomy intervention for hernia of the lumbar disk]. PMID- 6677237 TI - [Technical strategies in reinterventions for lumbar disk hernia]. PMID- 6677238 TI - [Use of the Lasegue sign in the diagnosis of lumbar disk hernia: topographic disco-radicular relations]. PMID- 6677239 TI - [Surgery of the cervical spine by transoral approach: anesthesiologic management]. PMID- 6677240 TI - [Comparison of results obtained with the preoperative correction using a plaster cast, Cotrel's traction or without correction, in the surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis]. PMID- 6677241 TI - [Peroxidase content of human eosinophilic leukocyte]. PMID- 6677242 TI - [Standardization of allergen extracts--evaluation of in vitro methods for determination of the potency of allergen extracts]. PMID- 6677243 TI - [Prevalence of bronchial asthma in school children in western Japan]. PMID- 6677244 TI - [Experimental allergic asthma in guinea pigs--immunological study by the passive transfer of antibodies and sensitized cells]. PMID- 6677245 TI - [Effect of institutional therapy on children with chronic severe intractable asthma]. PMID- 6677247 TI - Binding of plasma fibronectin to monolayer human endothelium. AB - Interaction of exogenous plasma fibronectin with endothelium was examined using monolayer cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Plasma fibronectin was purified on gelatin-sepharose with 1 M arginine elution and iodinated with 125I by the solid phase glycoluril method. Endothelial monolayers were incubated with 0.5 to 15.0 mg/l (125I)fibronectin. Specificity of binding was 50 to 60% as determined by competition with 50-fold excess nonlabeled fibronectin. Binding reached maximal levels within 1 hour and without saturation over the concentration range. The bound glycoprotein showed minimal dissociation during subsequent incubation in media free of fibronectin. PMID- 6677246 TI - [IgG4 antibody response to phospholipase A in bee keepers]. PMID- 6677248 TI - Metabolism of C14 mevalonate by adult and fetal arteries. AB - The metabolism of mevalonate by the arterial wall was evaluated in fetal and adult maternal arteries of the New Zealand white rabbit. Freshly minced tissue from umbilical arteries, fetal aortas and adult maternal aortas was incubated in oxygenated Krebs Henseleit bicarbonate buffer at 37 degrees C in the presence of 5-14C-mevalonate or 5-14C-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A (HMG CoA). After incubation, the arterial tissue lipids were extracted and total cholesterol and free fatty acids were purified by thin layer chromatography and assayed for 14C by liquid scintillation spectrometry and analyzed chemically. The conversion of labeled HMG CoA or mevalonate to cholesterol in fetal aorta was 15 fold greater than in maternal aorta and 5-10 fold greater than in fetal umbilical artery. In addition some 14C from HMG CoA became incorporated into palmitate, stearate and oleate while 14C from mevalonate appeared in palmitate and stearate in trace amounts. Similarly, conversion of label from both precursors to 14CO2 was greatest in fetal aorta followed by umbilical artery and maternal aorta of the term pregnant rabbit. Of particular interest was the observation of enhanced (3.5 fold) conversion of label from mevalonate to 14CO2 by maternal aortas at mid gestation compared to aortas of late-term gestation. These results are consistent with the explanation that while mevalonate clearly serves as a precursor for cholesterol synthesis in arterial tissue, a finite degree of exclusion from the main stream sterol pathway also occurs. This "shunt" pathway may involve oxidation directly to CO2 or indirectly by way of fatty acids. The level of activity through this exclusion pathway in arterial tissue appears to be under physiologic control during pregnancy since a 3.5 fold increase in conversion to 14CO2 occurred in aortas obtained in midgestation compared to those obtained at term gestation. PMID- 6677249 TI - The effect of ethanol and/or acetaldehyde on the incorporation of U14C-glucose into human umbilical artery lipids. PMID- 6677250 TI - [Concomitance of hepatic lesions with chronic calcifying pancreatitis in the alcoholic. Study of 60 cases]. AB - Sixty patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP) of alcoholic etiology have been submitted to liver biopsy: in 44 cases the fragment was obtained during surgery, in four cases under laparoscopy, in five during necropsy, in two blind percutaneous biopsy and both surgical and laparoscopic in two cases. Cirrhosis was demonstrated in eight patients (13,3%). The authors emphasises the necessity in patients with alcoholic CCP. PMID- 6677251 TI - Ulcerative colitis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and rectovaginal fistula: report of a case. AB - A case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with ulcerative colitis and rectovaginal fistula in a 27-year-old woman is reported. It appeared during the first episode of ulcerative colitis occurring in the immediate puerperium. Laboratory studies revealed a positive direct Coombs test with polyspecific sera and monospecific for IgG. Panagglutinins and cold agglutinins with titers under 1:50 were also demonstrated. Treatment with steroid therapy was sufficient for a swift and complete recovery of the patient, the direct Coombs test becoming negative six weeks after admission. PMID- 6677252 TI - [Crohn's disease of the duodenum associated with acute acalculous cholecystopathy]. AB - Since the initial description of Crohn's disease (CD) located in the distal ileum, great number of cases has been observed, and we know that this disease can occur in any part of the digestive tube, from mouth to anus. The duodenal involvement is rare and no more than two hundred cases have been observed. A case of Crohn's disease located in the duodenum, with a severe acalculus cholecystitis, without intestinal involvement is presented. Radiological study showed a stenotic process in the first, second and third duodenal portion, later on confirmed by endoscopy. This was confirmed at surgery, when a gastrojejunostomy with truncal vagotomy, cholecystectomy, besides duodenum and liver biopsies were performed. The patient is asymptomatic four years after surgery. It is considered that bile reflux, resulting from involvement of Vater papilla by CD, is responsible factor of the biliary pathology. PMID- 6677253 TI - [Clinical session at the Brazilian Institute for the Study and Research in Gastroenterology]. PMID- 6677254 TI - [Diet in the treatment of peptic ulcer. A psychosomatic approach]. PMID- 6677255 TI - [Gastric mucosal changes induced by the augmented Histalog test: endoscopic and histopathological study]. AB - A prospective study of the effects of maximal doses of betazol hydrochloride ( Histalog ) on the endoscopic and histologic findings of the gastric mucosa of volunteers was made. Of the 11 patients examined, no alteration was seen on gastroscopic examination after Histalog in three, slight to moderate congestion of the mucosa in six and scattered oozing bleeding points in two. The study of the histologic findings revealed no statistical significant difference in the recurrence of erosion, hemorrhage and edema in the antrum and body gastric mucosa, before and after the administration of Histalog . It was concluded that maximal doses of Histalog cause no significant hemorrhage in the mucosa of the stomach and that the brown colour frequently seen in the gastric secretions of the final portions of a Histalog test is to be attributed to trauma to the mucosa by the nasogastric tube and to Histalog induced congestion of the mucosa. PMID- 6677257 TI - The subgenus Persicargas (Ixodoidea: Argasidae: Argas). 38. Haller's organ roof and anterior pit setae in Persicargas and Microargas. AB - Adults of 13 of the 17 species constituting the subgenus Persicargas (parasitizing birds nesting in trees) and the single species of the subgenus Microargas (parasitizing the Galapagos giant tortoise) were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The setae of the anterior pit of tarsus I number nine(1 serrate, 1 setiform, 1 conical, 2 fine, 2 porose, 2 grooved) in Persicargas. The single, serrate seta arises from an anterior section of the pit, the other eight setae arise from a posterior section. Abnormally, fewer or more setae occur on one or both tarsi of a single specimen. The setal arrangement is similar in Microargas, but the total number is eight (setiform seta absent). The capsule roof of Haller's organ in Persicargas is typically flat and platelike with a circular central aperture and few to moderately numerous small perforations. Thus, this roof is more solid than in other subgenera of Argas, except in Microargas and subgenera associated with cave-dwelling bats (Carios and Chiropterargas). The roof structure is quite variable in samples of A. (P). radiatus. The roofs of two Persicargas species differ from the typical pattern, the A. (P.) minatus roof is more extensively perforated and in some specimens of A. (P.) streptopedia the roof is netlike. The Microargas roof, on a sloping surface bounded by a transverse anterior groove, is more solid than those of Argas and has a circular aperture surrounded by small perforations. The biological implications of these structural properties should be investigated. PMID- 6677256 TI - [Acute hepatic insufficiency in guinea pigs. Experimental model caused by the injection of monoethanolamine oleate]. AB - An appropriate animal model of acute fulminant hepatic failure was developed in the guinea pig by he intrabiliary administration of monoethanolamine oleate. The animals were assigned in two experimental groups: 1) ethanolamine group - 42 guinea pigs that received intrabiliary 2,5 ml injection of monoethanolamine oleate; 2) control group - 18 guinea pigs subjected to intrabiliary 2,5 ml administration of saline. The intrabiliary administration of the ethanolamine oleate resulted in massive liver injury with 85,9% of hepatic coma during the first 96 hr. The liver damage was characterized by clinical manifestations (anorexia, increasing stupor, muscle wasting and deep coma), serum biochemical tests (elevations of serum transaminases, bilirubins , alkaline phosphatase), studies of blood coagulation (prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times were markedly prolonged and the concentration of fibrinogen decreased) and histopathological findings (massive hepatic necrosis). This animal model appears promising for future studies of the pathogenesis and treatment of acute hepatic failure. PMID- 6677258 TI - Inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion by acid perfusion of the duodenum in chronic gastric fistula rats. AB - The effect of duodenal acid perfusion on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats provided with a chronic gastric fistula, gastroenterostomy, and a 4-cm blind duodenal loop anastomosed to the jejunum. During maximal acid stimulation with intravenous pentagastrin (16 micrograms X kg-1 h-1) the loop was perfused with 0.15 M NaCl or 0.05 M, 0.10 M, or 0.20 M HCl at a rate of 2 ml X h-1. Perfusion with 0.05 M HCl did not significantly alter pentagastrin-stimulated secretion. 0.10 M and 0.20 M HCl reduced the 2-h acid response by 56% and 63%, respectively. Acid secretion returned to control level after cessation of acid perfusion. It is concluded that physiological amounts of HCl in the duodenum inhibits maximal acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin in rats. PMID- 6677259 TI - [Plerocercoid larvae of Diphyllobothridae Luhe, 1910: findings in marine fish of human consumption in the Peruvian coast]. PMID- 6677261 TI - [Updating and perspectives of the epidemiology of trichinosis in Chile]. PMID- 6677263 TI - Separation of IgM for diagnostic purposes by exclusion chromatography: a comparison between six gels. AB - Sera from rubella patients were fractionated with six different gels on a 0.9 X 30 cm column. Fractionation efficiency was evaluated by determining the IgM, IgA and IgG concentrations in each fraction and titring the rubella virus hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies before and after treatment with 2 mercaptoethanol. All six gels were able to separate IgM from the other Ig, but the distance between their elution peaks varied considerably. Assessment of the usefulness of a gel for diagnostic purposes requires evaluation of its ability to separate IgM from the oligometric IgA often present in sera and a possible source of diagnostic error. Ultrogel AcA 22 and Bio-Gel A5m gave the best results. In addition to displaying good peak separation, they eluted IgM within their linear fractionation range. PMID- 6677262 TI - [Prevalence of infection by intestinal protozoa and helminths in children of boarding schools of Region I (Chile 1982)]. PMID- 6677260 TI - [Praziquantel: a world-wide clinical experience]. PMID- 6677264 TI - Immune profile alterations in thalassaemic patients. AB - Aspects of the humoral and cellular immune response have been studied in polytransfused patients with beta-thalassaemia major. Serum immunoglobulins (G, A, M) levels were significantly higher than in controls; reduced C4 serum level and high incidence of circulating immune complexes and anti-nuclear autoantibodies were found in the majority of patients. Marked increases were also observed in absolute and relative numbers of lymphocytes and their subpopulations. Such results suggested that the allogenic stimulation, by frequent transfusion, is the mainly responsible of the immunological alterations observed in these patients. PMID- 6677265 TI - Hydatidosis: a first approach for serological standardization. AB - Hydatid fluids were collected in three continents and used as antigens against both human E. granulosus and E. multilocularis hydatidosis-positive sera collected in the same countries, in ELISA. The sensitivity of the antigens was good for all sera examined and this confirms the existence of common antigens, which is particularly marked in the 0.8M fraction of Italian hydatid fluid. PMID- 6677267 TI - [Anti-tetanus vaccines]. AB - Antitetanus vaccination is the safest and more effective means to eradicate tetanus from the world. The vaccination success will depend on the intrinsic immunogenicity of the vaccine, on the one hand, and on the capacity of a subject to respond to the vaccine stimulation, on the other. To increase the vaccine immunogenicity and to enhance the vaccine immunocompetence, vaccines were potentiated with adjuvants. Mineral adjuvants, so far successfully employed, show some drawbacks. The use of fluid polymerized vaccines might offer an alternative to the use of absorbed vaccines. Another interesting development of the investigations in this field is the attempt to increase and modulate the immunological response to the toxoid favourably, by means of coupling to the toxoid compounds endowed with specific properties. Vaccines made up of subunits of the toxin molecule do not appear to have future development. On the contrary, a future approach to the antitetanus vaccination problem would be the design of a vaccine, made up of a synthetic oligopeptide simulating one of the antigenic determinants of the toxin molecule and involved in eliciting the formation of neutralizing antibodies. Besides, this vaccine should be very suitable for carrying out the oral vaccination. PMID- 6677266 TI - [Epidemiology of tetanus]. AB - The vaccinal preventive measures which were made compulsory since 1963 for the new working levies of some professional high risk categories, and since 1968 for the newborns, contributed to a large extent to the tetanus control in our country. In the last twenty years a progressive drop in the notified tetanus cases was observed. The epidemiology of this disease is conditioned, on the one hand by the correct application of the legal directions in force; on the other hand, by the level of health education, acquired by those who have not yet been involved, so far, by the compulsory antitetanus vaccination. PMID- 6677268 TI - [Prevention of tetanus: regulations, indications and protocol of treatment]. AB - The Italian law directions for tetanus prophylaxis are briefly outlined and commented in relation to the prophylaxis in children, adults and wounded subjects, as well as pregnant women and newborns. PMID- 6677269 TI - [Standardization and stability of reagents for the titration of anti-tetanus antibodies by means of the passive hemagglutination technic]. AB - The evaluation of the antitetanus immunity in human sera is of primary importance for the carrying out of an adequate prophylaxis and treatment of tetanus. Tetan Test is a diagnostic kit for the titration of the antitetanus antibodies, by means of the passive hemagglutination technique. Tetan Test is examined under the point of view of the preparation techniques and the process and final controls which warrant the quality and the standardization of the product itself. The stability of Tetan Test, after storage at the temperatures: 67 degrees C, 52 degrees C, 37 degrees C, 22 degrees C is evaluated. The excellent results obtained allow the use of the product also in hot climates, in developing countries, where the storage at the advised temperatures is not possible. PMID- 6677270 TI - Determination of immunity against tetanus infection by passive haemagglutination assay. AB - Evaluation of anti-tetanus antibody level in human sera is of primary importance for a prophylaxis of tetanus infection. Many efforts have been made to develop simple, sensitive and reproducible in vitro methods for detecting and quantifying antibodies to tetanus toxin. We have recently developed an HA assay using lyophilized turkey red blood cells (TRBC-HA). In this paper we demonstrated that the TRBC-HA test is more sensitive than the most widely used sheep red blood cell assay (SRBC-HA) and that TRBC-HA assay shows a high correlation with the neutralization test (NT). Furthermore, comparisons of TRBC-HA assay with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) indicate that TRBC-HA and ELISA assays detected the same antibody level with a sensitivity up to 400-fold higher than that determined by CIE. However, TRBC-HA also offers many advantages over the ELISA test, because TRBC-HA can be performed in only 40 minutes instead of the 24 hrs. needed for the ELISA, it is less expensive than ELISA and requires no special equipment. Therefore, the overall results suggest that the TRBC-HA is the most appropriate method for rapid and sensitive determination of tetanus antibody levels. PMID- 6677271 TI - [The use of passive hemagglutination with turkey erythrocytes for the effective prevention of tetanus in wounded patients]. AB - The passive haemagglutination assay is at present the most common method available for evaluating tetanus antibody levels. We recently developed a modification of the technique of HA by Mai and Rosin using turkey red blood cells (TRBC-HA) instead of sheep red blood cells (SRBC-HA). TRBC-HA assay seems to offer the advantages of being more sensitive and easier to perform than the SRBC HA method. More important, with the TRBC-HA assay, we found that the HA values greater than 0.5 H.U./ml always correspond to NT values greater than 0.01 IU/ml. Therefore this value (0.5 H.U./ml) was chosen as a discriminating level between protected and non protected persons. On this rationale base we have tested sera from injured persons in order to individualize a single prophylactic treatment under a rationale guideline against the alternative of a blind intervention under anamnestic basis. Among 437 persons tested 248 did not remember if they had been vaccinated or not. According to the anamnestic basis all these persons should require injection of human antitetanus Ig plus a basic course of vaccination. On the contrary antitetanus antibody levels monitored by TRBC-HA assay indicate that 132 were protected and did not require any treatment; 79 were partially protected and required a boosting of tetanus toxoid and only 37 were not protected and needed human antitetanus IgG plus a complete course of vaccination. These results underline the necessity of monitoring a single person for antitetanus antibodies in order to prevent both under or over evaluation of their tetanus immune status. PMID- 6677272 TI - Comparative study on the mechanical property of silk thread from cocoons of Bombyx mori L. AB - Specimens of bave (undegummed silk thread) were collected from cocoons of various origins of parent silkworm races, such as Japanese, Chinese, European, Korean and tropical origins, and from as many races as possible. An apparatus was set up to measure the dynamic elastic modulus of these specimens. In all the categories of the races tested, the elastic modulus was linearly related to the size of bave, regardless of the portion of cocoon layer from which the specimens were taken. This correlation was concluded to be universal to the silk thread of Bombyx mori L. species; however, values of the regression coefficient and of the elastic modulus were susceptible to the origin of silkworm races, depending on whether they were native or improved. PMID- 6677273 TI - Theory of non-Newtonian viscosity of red blood cell suspension: effect of red cell deformation. AB - The effects of the deformation of red blood cells on non-Newtonian viscosity of a concentrated red cell suspension are investigated theoretically. To simplify the problem an elastic spherical shell filled with an incompressible Newtonian fluid is considered as a model of a normal red cell. The equation of the surface of the shell suspended in a steady simple shear flow is calculated on the assumption that the deformation from a spherical shape is very small. The relative viscosity of a concentrated suspension of such particles is obtained based on the "free surface cell" method proposed by Happel. It is shown that the relative viscosity decreases as the shear rate increases. PMID- 6677275 TI - Rheological properties of mixtures of protein-polysaccharide-dynamic viscoelasticity of blend gels of acylated gelatin, kappa-carrageenan, and agarose. AB - Complex Young's modulus of blend gels of gelatin and kappa-carrageenan or agarose has been measured in order to clarify the protein-polysaccharide interaction in biological systems. The mixture of gelatin and kappa-carrageenan showed phase separation in the intermediate volume fraction of gelatin, and it formed a homogeneous gel when the volume fraction of gelatin is very large or very small. Since the dynamic Young's modulus for blend gels of kappa-carrageenan and gelatin was larger than the calculated one from a theory for dispersed systems, some structural reinforcing must occur. The mixture of agarose and gelatin showed the inverse tendency. It was concluded that the role of electrolytic groups was dominant in dilute gels, while molecular entanglement became more important in concentrated gels. PMID- 6677274 TI - Effects of hemolysis, hematocrit, RBC swelling, and flow rate on light scattering by blood in a 0.26 cm ID transparent tube. AB - The intensity of light scattering by blood in a tube of diameter 0.26 cm was measured with an apparatus devised by us at different angles on an incident cross sectional plane. Changes in angular distribution of light intensity associated with hemolysis, and changes in hematocrit (Ht), red blood cell (RBC) swelling, and flow rate were plotted on polar coordinates. The dyssymmetry index, defined as the ratio of the intensity of light at 45 degrees to that at 135 degrees, was used to characterize the shape of the diagrams of light scattering. The index decreased with Ht, flow rate, but increased with RBC swelling. It is concluded that light scattering by blood requires intactness of the RBC membrane. Even when the cell membrane is intact, light scattering is subject to changes with the flow rate of blood, presumably due to RBC aggregation. PMID- 6677276 TI - Numerical study on post-stenotic dilatation. AB - Steady flows and pulsatile flows of a Newtonian fluid through a channel with a rectangular hump were numerically studied as a two-dimensional model of blood flow in a constricted artery. From the numerical calculation, it was shown that one of the hydrodynamic causes of endothelial lesion of artery and post-stenotic dilatation can be found in the large temporal variation of shear stress behind a constricted portion of artery. Local maximum of the pressure there can be seen as secondary factor for the post-stenotic dilatation. PMID- 6677277 TI - Nonuniform distribution of aggregates in a suspension flowing around a solid body. AB - A flow of a highly concentrated latex suspension around a solid body in a thin layer between two parallel glass plates was observed by an optical microscope. A clear region, where suspended particles were rare, appeared near the rear stagnation point of the body. A model for explaining this phenomenon is proposed, in which the area of the clear region depends on an average size of aggregates of suspended particles. A possibility is suggested to use this phenomenon for measuring aggregate size in concentrated suspensions. PMID- 6677278 TI - Shear viscoelasticity of suspensions of biological cells with fluid membrane. AB - In order to consider the effect of membrane fluidity upon the mechanical property of biological cell suspensions, we have calculated the complex intrinsic viscosity [eta*] = [eta'] - i[eta"] of spherical shell structures with material incompressibility in suspension as a function of the dimensionless frequency x = omega eta'a/gamma' together with the parameters of hm = eta m/eta', g = gamma/gamma', h = eta/eta', delta = d/a, where a is the radius of the cell, d is the width of the membrane, eta, eta m, and eta' are the viscosities of the medium, of the membrane and of the internal region of the cell, gamma and gamma' the surface tensions at the outer and the inner side of the membrane respectively, and omega the angular frequency. The result is simply represented by two dispersions as follows: [eta*]/[eta] = A1 + B1/(1 + i omega tau 1) + B2/(1 + i omega tau 2). Here i is the imaginary unit, A1 = 2(1 - h)/(2 + 3h) + O(delta), B1 = 3h/(5 + 5h) + O(delta), B2 = h (19 + 16h)/[5(1 + h) (2 + 3h)] + O(delta), tau 1 = [(5/24) (1 + h) (1 + 1/g) delta-2 + O(delta-1)] a eta'/gamma', tau 2 = [(2 + 3h) (19 + 16h)/[40 (1 + h) (1 + g)] + O(delta)] a eta'/gamma', and [eta] = (5/2) [96hmg + 32g (5 + 5h - 12hm)delta + O(delta 2)]/[96hmg + 32g (5 + 2h - 12hm) delta + O(delta 2)]. PMID- 6677279 TI - A note on a theoretical study of erythrocyte sedimentation. AB - An entire settling curve for whole blood is derived theoretically based upon Chien's expression for the viscosity of whole blood at hematocrits in excess of 40%. This problem was already studied by Puccini et al. in 1977. The aim of this note lies in correcting a mistake found in their treatment of a differential equation. The functional form of the entire settling curve differs, of course, from that obtained by them. It is shown that the settling curve is governed by only two parameters. The comparison of our theoretical formula with experimental data is left for our future task. It is suggested that the meniscus will be curved in close neighborhood of the glass wall due to the fluid mechanical influence of the wall. The effect of the aggregation of red cells will also be taken into account in future. PMID- 6677280 TI - Hemorheological factors of oxygen transfer in capillary tissue unit. AB - The supply of oxygen to tissue from capillaries may be influenced by hemorheological factors. A hemorheological model is developed for elucidating which factors play a major role in the oxygen transport to tissue. For a capillary tissue unit, a modified cylindrical model of Krogh is used. For blood, two fluids model of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma is used where hemoglobin release effect is included. Non-equilibrium flows as well as equilibrium flows are examined for various parameters (total flow Q or RBC velocity Vr, discharge hematocrit Hd and capillary hematocrit Hc). In equilibrium flow, Hd and Q determine the oxygen transport. In non-equilibrium flow, Hc also becomes important. Especially, hemoglobin release effect becomes significant in low Hc flow, which affects the area of lethal region in tissue. PMID- 6677281 TI - Effect of high osmotic media on blood viscosity and red blood cell deformability. AB - Effects of high osmotic media on the shape and deformability of RBC were examined for determining increasing factors of blood viscosity. Dog blood and Urographin (a hypertonic contrast medium) were used; the plasma osmolality was changed by Urografin suspended in blood. The viscosity was measured for normal RBC and glutaraldehyde-treated RBC suspensions with a cell volume concentration. The RBC deformability was evaluated from the difference in viscosity between the two suspensions. It was shown that normal RBC suspension increased the viscosity with increase in osmolality at high shear rate; hardened RBC suspension decreased the viscosity with increase in osmolality. It was concluded that the RBC deformability decreased with increasing osmolality. PMID- 6677282 TI - Study of wall effect on the flow of milk in capillary. AB - Dependence of the viscosity of milks on the bore-size of capillary viscometer has been studied at 25 degrees C. Viscosity measurements were carried out with a Maron-Belner type low shear capillary viscometer with various capillary radii (0.0190-0.076 cm) within the shear stress range of 0.2-30 dynes/cm2 at the capillary wall. Each milk showed non-Newtonian flow behavior and dependence on the size of the capillary. The viscosity of human fresh milk and cow's fresh milk decreased with the decreases in the capillary bore-size within the range of shear stress studied, and the viscosity of homogenized milk, although similar phenomena as above were observed in higher shear stress, decreased with the decrease in the capillary bore-size at the range of lower shear stress. The difference in characteristics of capillary bore-size dependence on viscosity may be attributed to the difference in the behavior of fat droplets existing near the wall at which thermal motion of fat droplets will be hindered by the existence of capillary wall. The results were represented by the modified Ree-Eyring generalized flow formula for a flow system containing one Newtonian flow unit and one non Newtonian flow unit which included additional terms dependent on the capillary bore-size. The viscosity equation suitable for analysing the dependence of viscosity on the capillary bore-size at entire ranges of rate of shear, was derived by assuming the wall layer. Composed of double layers (of thickness do and di - do) in the flowing liquid in capillary tube, and by combining this equation with the modified Ree-Eyring equation, the values of do and di were calculated. PMID- 6677283 TI - Blood viscoelasticity and thixotropy from stress formation and relaxation measurements: a unified model. AB - A Maxwell-type equation, which involves both time-dependent viscosity eta (t) and elastic modulus G(t) is proposed as governing the shear stress difference sigma' = sigma - sigma Y, where sigma and sigma Y are total and yield shear stresses respectively. A (reaction kinetics) equation for a structure variable lambda is written which describes the evolution of blood structure (network in equilibrium rouleau in equilibrium RBC) in stress formation and stress relaxation measurements and which also depends on the (constant) applied shear rate gamma 1. The time dependent viscosity is assumed to involve the solution lambda (t, gamma 1) of the rate equation in the same manner than its equilibrium value lambda eq(gamma 1) enters in a viscosity equation eta [lambda eq] yet proposed by one of the authors. A simple relation G[lambda] completes the structural description. General solutions sigma (t) of the Maxwell-type equation are discussed in the case of stress relaxation (after the cessation of steady flow) and stress formation (under constant shear rate). Especially, the latter exhibits the well known "overshoot" behavior. Moreover, the long time behavior of the former allows the quantification of the yield shear stress. Lastly one example of application to blood measurements is discussed. PMID- 6677284 TI - The anionic barrier of blood vessel walls and the possible pathologic changes due to the deionization of the barrier and plasma proteins. AB - For the purpose to observe the possible vessel wall damage by deionization of the related anionic groups the perfusion test of rat kidney and aorta with cationic iron colloid particles and the injection experiments with albumin-poly-L-lysine complex were carried out. By staining the fixed tissue sections with the cationic iron colloid at pH 7.3 the ionized anionic sites on vessel walls have been demonstrated histochemically. The perfusion test of living tissue with the cationic iron colloid induced the desquamation of the endothelial cells. The perfused colloid particles were adsorbed to the whole endothelial cell surfaces facing to luminal and subluminal sides. Albumin-poly-L-lysine complex injected into vein deposited in the subendothelial spaces of glomerular capillaries through the endothelial cell layer having the well-kept anionic barriers. Discussion was made on possible damage of vessels due to the deionization of anionic groups of endothelial cells and serum proteins by general cationic molecules. PMID- 6677285 TI - Tentative application of the tangent simple system method to the study of the viscoelastic behaviour of blood. AB - The method of the tangent simple systems is applied to the study of the viscoelastic behaviour of human blood in unstationary flow for rectangular steps and triangular ramps of shear rate. The tangent systems we utilize, Maxwell liquids, enable us to determine, at every point of the rheograms, apparent instantaneous values of retardation or relaxation time, viscosity coefficient and elasticity modulus of the studied blood samples, and to plot the curves of variation of these parameters as a function of flow duration. A qualitative interpretation of the results is proposed from data on the aggregation disaggregation kinetics of red blood cells. Examples are given for samples of normal and pathological bloods. PMID- 6677287 TI - Separation flow in matrices - redefinition of friction coefficients. AB - Separation flow through matrices or membranes is generally characterized by three phenomenological coefficients. Of these the hydraulic permeability Lp and the reflection coefficient sigma are the most commonly discussed. Their theoretical interpretation is much aided by the use of friction coefficients flm defined to characterize the relative interaction in flow of the thermodynamic component l in its movement past m. It is shown that this definition can be further simplified and that as a result simplified expressions notable for Lp result. PMID- 6677286 TI - The measurement of density and its significance in blood rheology. AB - When viscoelasticity is measured with an oscillating capillary rheometer, the density of the fluid under study is an influencing factor (inertia). In the particular case of blood rheology hematocrit is also of interest. It can be measured more exactly on the basis of the density of blood and blood plasma than by conventional methods using a hematocrit centrifuge or Coulter counter, as these give too high readings when there is an increased tendency towards erythrocyte aggregation and reduced erythrocyte flexibility. Due to the double significance of blood density for blood viscoelasticity, an oscillating capillary rheometer and a new type of density-measuring device were attached to a computer in such a way that simultaneous evaluation is possible. The density-measuring device is a U-tube that is set into oscillation electronically. The duration of the oscillation is an indication of the density of the fluid in the U-tube. PMID- 6677288 TI - [Correction of aphakia]. PMID- 6677289 TI - [YAG lasers and aphakia]. PMID- 6677290 TI - [The onset of glaucomatous cupping]. PMID- 6677291 TI - [Importance and limitations of the electromagnetic localization for extraction of intraocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 6677292 TI - [Recent data on the localization and extraction of intraocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 6677293 TI - [Echography of foreign bodies in the anterior chamber]. PMID- 6677294 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of echography studies of foreign bodies in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6677296 TI - [Metallic intra-lens foreign bodies and crystalline lens transparency]. PMID- 6677295 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of ultrasonography in clinical observations on intraocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 6677297 TI - [Retrospective studies on the extraction of magnetic intraocular foreign bodies by trans-scleral approach]. PMID- 6677298 TI - [Treatment of intraocular foreign bodies in the posterior segment resistant to electromagnetic localization]. PMID- 6677299 TI - [The effect of mass in the prognosis of intraocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 6677300 TI - [Prevention of intraocular infection following foreign bodies. Experimental study]. PMID- 6677301 TI - [Chorioretinopathy caused by migration of a caterpillar hair]. PMID- 6677302 TI - [Detachment of the retina following a perforating wound of the ciliary region]. PMID- 6677303 TI - [Use of ND-YAG lasers in the field of traumatology]. PMID- 6677304 TI - [Permanent gas-permeable lens for aphakia]. PMID- 6677305 TI - [Immediate automatic morphometry of video-recorded specular endothelial images]. PMID- 6677306 TI - [Comparative specular microscopy study of endothelial changes following four-loop Binkhorst implants and Kelman anterior chamber implants]. PMID- 6677307 TI - [Specular microscopy: changes occurring following the use of permanent lenses for the correction of aphakia]. PMID- 6677308 TI - [Corneal endothelium and permanent lenses. Specular microscopy study]. PMID- 6677309 TI - [Lacrimal immunoglobulins in aphakic patients wearing permanent corneal lenses]. PMID- 6677310 TI - [Prediction of postoperative parameters in calculating intraocular lenses]. PMID- 6677311 TI - [Deviations of refraction from the calculated goal following implantation of intraocular lenses]. PMID- 6677312 TI - [Optokinetic inexcitability in abduction]. PMID- 6677313 TI - [Electrophysiologic explorations of chiasma disorders]. PMID- 6677314 TI - [Automatic perimetry in neuro-ophthalmology]. PMID- 6677315 TI - [Quantitative study of changes in the central static visual field]. PMID- 6677316 TI - [Perimetry of delay]. PMID- 6677317 TI - [The value of CT scanning in the etiologic appraisal of blindness in children]. PMID- 6677318 TI - [The role of papillophlebitis in circulatory disorders of the optic nerve head]. PMID- 6677319 TI - [Optico-chiasma conflict of anterior polygonal origin (campimetric changes and attempt at physiopathogenic explanation]. PMID- 6677320 TI - [Ocular signs of a basilar mega-dolicho trunk]. PMID- 6677321 TI - [Regression of ophthalmic ischemia caused by extra-intracranial anastomosis]. PMID- 6677322 TI - [Involvement of the visual pathway in a giant aneurysm]. PMID- 6677323 TI - [Limitations of physiologic anisocoria]. PMID- 6677324 TI - [Mechanisms of compensation. Basis for the surgical treatment of congenital nystagmus]. PMID- 6677326 TI - [Tumors of the optic nerve: unexpected anatomo-clinical correlations]. PMID- 6677325 TI - [Post-therapeutic perimetric evolution of homonymous lateral hemianopsia of tumor origin]. PMID- 6677327 TI - [Orbital nerve tumors]. PMID- 6677328 TI - [Diagnosis and prognosis of gliomas of the optic pathways in children. Apropos of 78 cases]. PMID- 6677329 TI - [Epidemiology of optic neuropathies]. PMID- 6677331 TI - [Etiologies of oculomotor paralysis and oculomotor deficiency observed in a neurologic milieu. Apropos of 1200 cases]. PMID- 6677330 TI - [Correction of aphakia using intraocular lenses in young patients]. PMID- 6677333 TI - [The Hugonnier syndrome]. PMID- 6677332 TI - [Aicardi syndrome: typical and atypical aspects]. PMID- 6677334 TI - [Subclinical oculomotor disorders in diabetics]. PMID- 6677335 TI - [Chorio-retinal coloboma and detachment of the retina. Apropos of 8 cases]. PMID- 6677336 TI - [Diabetic choroidopathy: recent advances]. PMID- 6677338 TI - [Fluorescein angiography. Apropos of various causes of failure not attributable to technical defects]. PMID- 6677337 TI - [Diabetic uveopathy]. PMID- 6677339 TI - [Hemato-ocular barriers in multiple sclerosis. Angiographic and fluorometric study]. PMID- 6677340 TI - [Artificial crystalline lenses. Statistical multicenter study]. PMID- 6677341 TI - [Surgical treatment of tumors of the inside corner of the eye: apropos of 37 cases]. PMID- 6677342 TI - [Importance of so-called early vitrectomy in severe diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6677343 TI - [Resolving effect of vitrectomy in chronic inflammations of the posterior segment]. PMID- 6677344 TI - [Indications and limits of a temporary indentation in the treatment of detachment of the retina]. PMID- 6677345 TI - [Pulfrich's stereo phenomena. Clinical semeiology]. PMID- 6677346 TI - [Keratomileusis and keratophakia for the correction of congenital hypermetropia and aphakia]. PMID- 6677347 TI - [Changes in the corneal endothelium in progressive essential atrophy of the iris]. PMID- 6677348 TI - [Ocular echometry, a new parameter in the diagnosis and prevention of the development of congenital glaucoma]. PMID- 6677349 TI - [Unilateral pseudophakia and binocular vision: apropos of 150 cases]. PMID- 6677350 TI - [Treatment of the Adamantiades-Behcet syndrome using an immunosuppressive agent (azathioprine) and prednisolone]. PMID- 6677352 TI - [Bacteriology of intraocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 6677351 TI - [Forceps for non-traumatic extraction of intraocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 6677353 TI - [38 extractions using forceps in 115 cases of non-magnetic intraocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 6677354 TI - [Vitamin A and electroretinography]. PMID- 6677355 TI - [Comparative study of oculographic recordings of saccadic eye movements and convergence in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6677356 TI - [Electrooculography study of acute and chronic alcohol intoxication]. PMID- 6677357 TI - [Binocular vision in the patient with unilateral pseudophakia]. PMID- 6677358 TI - [Changes in latency time of visual evoked potentials in disorders of the visual pathways]. PMID- 6677359 TI - [Ophthalmologic signs in Fahr disease]. PMID- 6677360 TI - [Neuro-retinal complications associated with drusen of the pupil]. PMID- 6677361 TI - [Ocular and general manifestations of neurologic Behcet's disease. Apropos of 15 cases]. PMID- 6677363 TI - [Congenital paralysis of the 2 elevators of the eye. Diagnosis and surgical treatment]. PMID- 6677362 TI - [Visual evoked potentials of the child from birth to 6 months]. PMID- 6677364 TI - [Clinical and diagnostic aspects of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy]. PMID- 6677365 TI - [Reconstruction of the lower eyelid using the upper eyelid]. PMID- 6677366 TI - [Examination of the retinal periphery in the patient with an intraocular lens]. PMID- 6677367 TI - [A system for measuring cyclophoria]. PMID- 6677369 TI - [Electrophoretic study of proteins in tears and the bacteriologic and mycologic environment of patients wearing hydrophilic contact lenses. Clinical importance of this study of 95 eyes fitted with hydrophilic lenses]. PMID- 6677368 TI - [Sturge-Weber syndrome]. PMID- 6677370 TI - [Results of diabetic retinopathy following 2 years of treatment with a permanent insulin pump]. PMID- 6677371 TI - [Study of peripheral visual fields in the patient with an intraocular lens]. PMID- 6677372 TI - [Green monchoromatic argon lasers. Results of a 2-year comparative study]. PMID- 6677373 TI - [Computerization of medical records of patients hospitalized in an ophthalmologic service]. PMID- 6677374 TI - [Ocular symptoms in the Mohr-Claussen orofaciodigital syndrome type II]. PMID- 6677375 TI - [Pseudo-congenital cortisone-induced glaucoma]. PMID- 6677376 TI - [Use of a personal computer for establishing the etiologic diagnosis of acquired cataracts in the adult]. PMID- 6677377 TI - [Study of 100 cataract eyes operated on and the placement of a Kelman implant in the anterior chamber]. PMID- 6677378 TI - [Studies on enzymatic activity in the aqueous humor]. PMID- 6677379 TI - [Treatment of retinoblastoma using 106Ru/106Rh or 60 cobalt (comparative study)]. PMID- 6677380 TI - [Corpuscular contaminants in solutions used in ocular microsurgery: prevention using micropore filters]. PMID- 6677381 TI - [Mediterranean spotted fever: apropos of the physiopathology of uveal manifestations]. PMID- 6677384 TI - [Vestiges of traditional ophthalmology in Syria]. PMID- 6677382 TI - [Automatic topography of the central visual field (between 20) of glaucoma patients]. PMID- 6677383 TI - [The central retinal artery. Macroscopic aspects apropos of 50 dissections]. PMID- 6677385 TI - [Development and complications of Kelman anterior chamber implants]. PMID- 6677386 TI - [Anterior chamber implants with flexible loops (Simcoe anterior chamber implant)]. PMID- 6677387 TI - [Comparison of a series of pupillary implants and a series of anterior chamber implants from the viewpoint of visual acuity]. PMID- 6677388 TI - [Posterior chamber implants. Apropos of 150 cases]. PMID- 6677389 TI - [Complications following implantation of intraocular lenses]. PMID- 6677390 TI - [Results and complications of a series of implantations using Binkhorst implants with 4 loops and Sinskey implants]. PMID- 6677391 TI - [Intraocular implants and inflammatory reactions]. PMID- 6677392 TI - [Toxic syndrome of intraocular implants]. PMID- 6677393 TI - [Retinal photic injury during implantation of an artificial crystalline lens]. PMID- 6677394 TI - Preovulatory ovum harvest and transfer to sterile and infective hydrosalpinges in the rabbit. AB - Preovulatory ova were harvested from ovarian follicles of eight doe rabbits and transferred into chronic sterile hydrosalpinges induced by infundibular ligation in four rabbits and into chronic infective hydrosalpinges in another four rabbits. Afterwards, normal pregnancies implanted in the uterine horns on the side of the transfer procedures in all four sterile hydrosalpinx rabbits, but in none of the uterine horns of the chronic infective hydrosalpinx group. This points to sequelae of infection rather than simple dilation of the oviductal ampulla as the more potent cause of infertility in the rabbit. PMID- 6677395 TI - Community attitudes to artificial insemination by husband or donor, in vitro fertilization, and adoption. AB - Although reproductive medicine is rapidly advancing within society, few studies have been conducted in this area on the opinions and attitudes of people in the community. A survey of the attitudes of 104 Geelong residents, selected by a random sampling technique, was conducted, in order to assess community attitudes to adoption, artificial insemination using husband and donor sperm, and in vitro fertilization. The results indicate that attitudes in general are positive, supporting the pro-natalist bias of society. AID was seen as the most problematic technique used, and was given less support in general than the other techniques. A surprising number of respondents felt that single and homosexual groups should have access to these techniques. Further results are discussed, including those bearing on the possibility of establishing a National Register for AID donor offspring information. PMID- 6677398 TI - In vitro fertilization--a two-edged sword. PMID- 6677396 TI - The XX male. Clinical and theoretical aspects. AB - A male patient attending a fertility clinic was recognized as having an XX chromosomal constitution. The clinical and theoretical aspects of the XX male are discussed and note is made of some improvement in the understanding of the condition with the determination of the H-Y status of these individuals. PMID- 6677397 TI - Biochemical factors affecting the fertility of cryopreserved human semen. AB - The effects of dilution and cryopreservation on biochemical, fine structural and conventional semen parameters were studied and correlated with an index of fertility. Dilution of semen had major effects on the parameters studied. Freezing and thawing further reduced motility and the proportion of viable spermatozoa, and increased the proportion of spermatozoa with damaged membranes. The fertility index of donors was positively correlated with sperm concentration, seminal plasma protein concentration, damage to sperm head membranes and the proportion of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes prior to dilution or after freezing and thawing. Seminal plasma [Na+], [Ca2+], Ca2+/Mg2+-ratios and the change in [K+] were negatively correlated with fertility index. Multiple regression analysis revealed that [Na+] in seminal plasma, and sperm concentration in semen prior to dilution and freezing, contribute to 68% of the variation in fertility of cryopreserved semen. PMID- 6677400 TI - Mediastinal emphysema following an attack of bronchial asthma. PMID- 6677399 TI - The epidemiology of patients examined by medical boards. PMID- 6677401 TI - Recombinant technology in medical research and therapeutics. PMID- 6677402 TI - The young diabetic--a clinical study. PMID- 6677403 TI - Some aspects of epilepsy in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6677405 TI - Study of Vibrio cholerae non-01 (non agglutinable vibrios). PMID- 6677404 TI - Prevalence of gentamicin resistance among bacterial isolates from urine culture. PMID- 6677406 TI - Hypereosinophilic syndrome. PMID- 6677407 TI - An extra adrenal malignant phaeochromocytoma. PMID- 6677408 TI - [24th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Neurology. 25-27 May 1983, Kyoto]. PMID- 6677409 TI - [Studies on the pathogenesis of ALS with review of literature]. PMID- 6677410 TI - [Genetic epidemiology of myotonic dystrophy in Kagoshima and Okinawa districts in Japan]. PMID- 6677411 TI - [Electrophysiological studies in myotonic dystrophy]. PMID- 6677412 TI - [Experimental myotonia]. PMID- 6677413 TI - [Muscle pathology of myotonic dystrophy]. PMID- 6677414 TI - [Pathology of the heart in myotonic dystrophy]. PMID- 6677415 TI - [Endocrine abnormalities in myotonic dystrophy]. PMID- 6677416 TI - [Immunological function in myotonic dystrophy]. PMID- 6677417 TI - [Thiamine and the central nervous system]. PMID- 6677418 TI - [Experimental thiamine deficiency]. PMID- 6677419 TI - [Clinical aspects of Wernicke's encephalopathy]. PMID- 6677420 TI - [Neuropathology of Wernicke's encephalopathy and experimental thiamine deficiency]. PMID- 6677421 TI - [Clinical and neuropathological spectrum of Leigh syndrome]. PMID- 6677422 TI - Drug therapy of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6677423 TI - Single-session psychotherapy. PMID- 6677424 TI - Lithium therapy. PMID- 6677425 TI - Differential approaches to the syndrome of alcoholism. PMID- 6677426 TI - Clinical therapy of alcoholism. PMID- 6677427 TI - Treatment of cocaine abuse. PMID- 6677428 TI - Substance-use disorders among physicians: special treatment considerations. PMID- 6677430 TI - Treatment of acting-out adolescents. PMID- 6677431 TI - Hospital management of borderline patients. PMID- 6677429 TI - Short-term intensive group therapy for resistant functional disorders. PMID- 6677432 TI - Body movement in psychotherapy. PMID- 6677435 TI - Sharia in Islamic therapies for the aged. PMID- 6677433 TI - Therapeutic systems in the comprehensive treatment of psychotic patients. PMID- 6677434 TI - Psychiatry in East Africa. PMID- 6677436 TI - Group and allied therapies in China. PMID- 6677437 TI - Transcultural anxieties and social therapies. PMID- 6677438 TI - Patients at risk. PMID- 6677440 TI - Treatment of obsessive--compulsive behavior. PMID- 6677441 TI - Psychoanalytic therapy of the obsessional patient. PMID- 6677442 TI - Therapy of male gender dysphoria. PMID- 6677443 TI - Crisis therapy for homosexuals. PMID- 6677444 TI - Outpatient psychotherapy of the acting--out patient. PMID- 6677439 TI - The effects of the ERA experience on psychotherapy. PMID- 6677445 TI - Masked depression. PMID- 6677447 TI - Psychoanalytic evaluations of psychotherapy. PMID- 6677446 TI - A holistic approach to family assessments. PMID- 6677448 TI - Developments in the science and practice of toxicology. Proceedings of the Third International Congress on Toxicology. San Diego, California, U.S.A., August 28 September 3, 1983. PMID- 6677450 TI - The dose-dependence of DNA interactions of aminostilbene derivatives and other chemical carcinogens. PMID- 6677451 TI - Evidence for indirect genetic damage as methylation of DNA guanine in response to cytotoxicity. AB - Administration of hepatotoxic doses of the inorganic carcinogen, hydrazine, to rodents results in the rapid formation of methylguanines in liver DNA, the methyl donor presumably being S-adenosylmethionine. The DNA methylation pattern after hydrazine administration is qualitatively similar to that seen after dimethylnitrosamine administration, and this type of genotoxicity is thought to be part of the initiation process in chemical carcinogenesis. Preliminary evidence suggests that the methylation of liver DNA guanine may be an endogenous response to the cytotoxicity caused by hydrazine rather than due to any intrinsic property of the chemical itself. These investigations represent an approach to the study of the causal role, if any, of toxicity in chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 6677449 TI - Toxicological testing for hazard identification in synthetic fuel technology. PMID- 6677453 TI - Importance of non-genetic mechanisms in carcinogenicity. AB - Integration of all this data suggests that the tumors reported by Hiraga and Fujii are related to the cytotoxicity induced in bladder epithelial tissue when primary metabolic pathways are overloaded by administration of high doses of SOPP . However, this appears to be a SECONDARY consequence of toxicity, rather than any PRIMARY effect upon DNA. Consequently, it appears that there is little chance for inducing bladder tumors with OPP or SOPP unless exposure levels are high enough to saturate primary metabolic pathways. PMID- 6677452 TI - Relationship between DNA repair and mutagenesis and transformation of human cells. PMID- 6677454 TI - Cancer dose-response models. PMID- 6677455 TI - An epidemiological approach to the problem of dose responses to genotoxic carcinogenic stimuli in relation to modulating factors. PMID- 6677456 TI - Chronic cell-mediated immune reactions to metals. AB - Cell mediated immune reactions may underly toxic reactions to certain metals, particularly Cr, Ni, Zr, Be, and Hg. Metal conjugated to a carrier protein forms the immunogen, but how the metal acts as a hapten is poorly understood. The possibility that the metal changes the antigenicity of the protein by changing its configuration is discussed and could explain cross reactions between Zr and Cr. Most reactions are contact sensitivity reaction, but granulomas may also develop to Be and Zr. These are epithelioid cell lesions associated with fibroblast proliferation and increased collagen synthesis. Sensitization of guinea pigs to Be and Hg is possible by epicutaneous contact. Cr, Ni, and Zr sensitivity need Freund's adjuvant and frequent intradermal injections. Three initial protocols have been compared and their efficacy for each metal assessed. Specific unresponsiveness for Cr and Ni can be induced by intratracheal installation prior to attempted sensitization. After sensitivity has developed, unresponsiveness to Cr can be induced by intravenous injection of the metal together with an epicutaneous application given within 24 hours. Flare up of old Cr reaction sites can also be induced by intravenous injection of the metal. The reaction lasts for 48 hours, is associated with increased vascular permeability and subepidermal infiltration with basophil leucocytes. PMID- 6677457 TI - Immune complexes as a manifestation of toxicological change. PMID- 6677458 TI - Immunotoxicity of pesticides. PMID- 6677459 TI - Small molecular weight toxic compounds as haptens. PMID- 6677460 TI - Significance of electrophilic reactivity and especially DNA alkylation in carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. AB - Alkylating agents have proved useful as models, especially for low molecular weight mutagens and carcinogens, to probe molecular mechanisms of genotoxicity. Results of many studies have indicated that not all DNA substitutions cause mutagenic or carcinogenic responses. Often, quantitatively minor alkylation products are responsible for initiating these biological processes. The factors that influence the distribution of DNA substitution products include: the SN1 reactivity of the electrophilic species; the nucleophilicity and steric accessability of the DNA site; van der Waals or electrostatic interactions that attract the agent to specific DNA sites; and post-alkylation rearrangements. With low molecular weight alkylating agents, a primary determinant of product distribution in DNA, and of genotoxic potential, is the electrophilic reactivity. Agents with high SN1 reactivity (low Swain -Scott s factors) generally have high mutagenic and carcinogenic activity, at equal levels of total DNA alkylkation . This appears to be due to the ability of such agents to cause relatively more alkylation at oxygen sites in DNA, especially at O6 of guanine and at O4 of thymine. Alkylation of DNA alone is insufficient to induce cancer or mutations. Post-alkylation factors such as DNA repair, rate of cell turnover, or presence of tumor promoters can have a profound effect on the biological response to DNA damage (1,5,6,24,42). In this sense, the persistence of a specific miscoding of altered DNA base is significant in carcinogenesis or mutagenesis only to the extent that it remains in DNA long enough to be fixed into the code. This concept necessarily assumes that the altered base has promutagenic potential. Persistence of an alkylated DNA constituent does not, by itself, indicate that the alkylated constituent has biological significance. PMID- 6677461 TI - Covalently bound metabolites as a measure of dose: the pharmacokinetic aspect. PMID- 6677462 TI - The determination of in vivo alkylation of haemoglobin and DNA using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 6677463 TI - Tissue doses in man: implications in risk assessment. PMID- 6677464 TI - Assessment of endogenous nitrosation in humans in relation to the risk of cancer of the digestive tract. PMID- 6677465 TI - The problems of toxicological testing of complex mixtures. PMID- 6677466 TI - Glutathione depletion and cytotoxicity of benzodioxoles and related compounds in isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 6677468 TI - Comparison of the effects of Brussels sprouts, glucosinolates, and glucosinolate metabolite consumption on rat hepatic polysubstrate monooxygenases. PMID- 6677469 TI - Perfluidone, a fluorinated arylalkylsulphonamide carries protons across mitochondrial coupling membrane. PMID- 6677467 TI - Urinary excretion of orally administered oxalic acid in xylitol fed mice. PMID- 6677470 TI - Use of national statistics in evaluating the potential health effects from synthetic fuels. PMID- 6677471 TI - Quantitation of chemically induced DNA damage and repair in isolated rat hepatocytes by a filter elution method. PMID- 6677472 TI - Naturally occurring amines in seafoods and their implication in the formation of endogenous carcinogenic nitrosamines. PMID- 6677473 TI - Metabolic activation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene by avian liver microsomes in vitro. PMID- 6677474 TI - A modified protocol for measuring alterations in human placental aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity associated with environmental chemical exposure. PMID- 6677475 TI - New pathways of trichloroethylene metabolism. PMID- 6677476 TI - High spin cytochrome P-448 with high activity for mutagenic activation of aromatic amines. PMID- 6677477 TI - Metabolism and disposition of hexachloro (1,3) butadiene in rats. PMID- 6677478 TI - A physiologically-based description of the inhalation pharmacokinetics of styrene in rats and humans. PMID- 6677479 TI - A small animal model for direct respiratory and hemodynamic measurements in toxicokinetic studies of volatile chemicals. PMID- 6677480 TI - Distribution and metabolism in Syrian golden hamsters of 4-(methyl-nitrosamino)-1 (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a tobacco-specific carcinogen. PMID- 6677481 TI - Evaluation of human and animal data in a comprehensive health assessment of energy systems. PMID- 6677482 TI - Effect of ethanol on the immune system in mice. PMID- 6677483 TI - Determination of inulin and PAH clearance in different types of nephropathy rats. PMID- 6677484 TI - Effect of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) on renal transport. PMID- 6677485 TI - Effects of 3-methylcholanthrene and starvation on intranephron distribution of cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6677486 TI - Dose-dependent involvement of intralobular regions of the liver in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. PMID- 6677487 TI - Cystamine treatment of chemically induced liver injury. PMID- 6677488 TI - Interactions of formaldehyde with glutathione in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6677489 TI - The effect of ascorbic acid nutritional status on paraquat toxicity in guinea pigs. PMID- 6677490 TI - Stereological evaluation of alveolar epithelial lesions in murine lungs, after BHT and oxygen intoxication. PMID- 6677491 TI - Changes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative protective systems in rat lungs upon life span exposure to low levels of nitrogen dioxide. PMID- 6677492 TI - Biological effects of inhaled welding fumes from flux-coated electrodes (OK 46.00). PMID- 6677493 TI - Relationship between catalase activity and uptake of elemental mercury by rat brain. PMID- 6677494 TI - Neurotoxic esterase and acetylcholinesterase activity in rat nervous system after repeated treatment with triorthocresyl phosphate or oxotremorine. PMID- 6677495 TI - Protective effect of pretreatment against the anticholinesterase action of cyanofenphos. PMID- 6677496 TI - A biologic marker for organophosphate exposure: neurotoxic esterase activity in human lymphocytes and platelets. PMID- 6677497 TI - Increase of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake in rabbit hypothalamic synaptosomes but not in blood platelets ex vivo by lead and zinc. PMID- 6677498 TI - "Play" behavior and trace dose of metal(s) in mice. PMID- 6677499 TI - The combined administration of certain metals in trace dose upon the postnatal development of behavior in mice. PMID- 6677500 TI - Effects of chlordimeform on the brainstem auditory evoked response in rats. PMID- 6677502 TI - Genetic abnormalities in CD-1 mice after dietary restriction. PMID- 6677503 TI - Toxicological implications of chronic noise exposure during gestation. PMID- 6677504 TI - Assessment of intravenous toxicity as a function of infusion speed. PMID- 6677501 TI - Persistent cardiovascular problems in newborn rats prenatally exposed to sub teratogenic doses of the pesticide, mirex. PMID- 6677505 TI - Micronuclei in circulating erythrocytes: a rapid screen for chromosomal damage during routine toxicity testing in mice. AB - Micronuclei in circulating erythrocytes provide a convenient measure of genetic damage resulting from chromosomal breakage or anaphase lag in bone marrow erythroblasts. The assay is easily integrated with acute, subchronic, or chronic toxicity tests. Scoring micronucleated erythrocytes in blood rather than bone marrow permits repeated sampling, simplifies sample preparation, and provides a more favorable cell population for scoring. Micronucleated erythrocytes accumulate during repeated exposures to clastogens and reach a maximum steady state frequency after about five weeks of continuous treatment. Measurement of micronuclei in peripheral blood is therefore ideally suited for inclusion with routine subchronic toxicity tests. The same smear made for differential white blood cell counts at or near the end of the study can be scored for micronucleated erythrocytes, minimizing the effort required for this additional information and also permitting retrospective evaluation of completed studies. PMID- 6677506 TI - Validation of the whole-embryo culture method for in vitro teratogenicity testing. PMID- 6677507 TI - Mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid excretion in workers exposed to styrene under model conditions. PMID- 6677508 TI - Environmental and biological monitoring of occupational methylethyl ketone exposure. PMID- 6677509 TI - Monitoring of occupational exposure to low concentration of carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 6677510 TI - Structure activity requirements for phthalate ester-induced peroxisome proliferation in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6677511 TI - Species differences in di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced hepatic peroxisome proliferation. PMID- 6677512 TI - Chemical exposures and animal activity: utility of the figure-eight maze. AB - In 1975, Norton and coworkers (11) described a figure-eight maze system for measuring motor activity in rodents. Since their original report, a number of studies have appeared in the literature which have utilized the figure-eight maze to evaluate the behavioral toxicity of a variety of chemical and physical agents (Table 1). The present paper describes a number of salient features of the maze which have emerged from these studies which support its continued use in toxicological studies. These features are described in the context of EPA's Test Guidelines for motor activity (4). PMID- 6677513 TI - Morphological effects of heavy metals in the brain. AB - A semiquantitative ultrastructural analysis of the cerebral cortex from heavy metal treated rats shows that current glial cell criterions are more sensitive than vascular or neuronal parameters. PMID- 6677514 TI - Family therapy--a science or an art? AB - Family therapy can be viewed as science and as art. Following leads provided by Gregory Bateson, this paper reflects on problems and promises inherent in both views. PMID- 6677515 TI - Contrasting strategic and Milan therapies. AB - Three related models of therapy are often grouped together as the strategic therapies. These are brief therapy model associated with the Mental Research Institute, approaches developed by Jay Haley and Cloe Madanes, and the model developed by the Milan associates. Controversy exists, however, as to whether the Milan model should be included as a strategic therapy. It appears that the similarities among the three models can mask deeper differences, thus confounding the confusion. This paper contrast the models in their development, theory, and practice. PMID- 6677516 TI - Agency triangles: problems in agency-family relationships. AB - This article focuses on ways in which helping agents, including family therapists, become part of the problem they are treating. Particular emphasis is placed on triangular patterns that frequently develop when one agency involves another in carrying out its functions and in diffusing conflict with a client and his or her family. We refer to this process as an agency triangle. Case examples of such triangles involving various service systems (e.g., schools, courts, mental health centers) are presented, followed by discussion of how agency triangles can be prevented. PMID- 6677517 TI - An institution for change: developing a family day unit. AB - This paper describes the theory and structure of a day unit designed to intervene in the systems of families who present with severe or multiple problems to agencies attempting to help them, but who are difficult to engage in a therapeutic pact and unresponsive to attempts at outpatient therapy. An analysis of these families is offered in terms of the relations between internal and external boundaries and difficulties in making transitions in the daily contexts of life. The principles of the unit are described in terms of the creation of an artificial extended family, the intensification of sequence and patterns of interaction, and the making and traversing of boundaries. Particular attention is paid to the function of agency interventions in family patterns and to redefining the relationship between family and agencies. PMID- 6677518 TI - Process, structure and world views: toward an integrated view of systemic models in family therapy. AB - Therapeutic modalities centered in interpersonal processes, in structural phenomena, and in reality constructions--the three care orientations in the field of family therapy--are here defined as mutually nonexclusive "translations" of the systemic paradigm into clinical practice. This definition does not attempt to blur the distinctions among these models but seeks to show their common denominator and thus expands the conceptual and clinical repertoire of the systems-oriented family therapist. PMID- 6677519 TI - Live supervision/consultation: conceptual and pragmatic guidelines for family therapy trainers. AB - This paper addresses a conceptual and pragmatic gap in the area of family therapy training and supervision. It details an evolving stage-specific set of skills for the conduct of live supervision/consultation, using the previously developed conception of the isomorphic nature of training and therapy as a theoretical backdrop. PMID- 6677520 TI - Multiple theoretical approaches to supervision: choices in family therapy training. AB - The supervision techniques used in structural, strategic, family-of-origin, and experiential family therapy training are discussed and compared, with emphasis on the isomorphism between supervision and therapy in each school. The usefulness of each supervisory model is related to supervisees' needs at different levels of training. Recommendations are made about the sequence of family therapy training, including the utility of eclectic versus purist family therapy training programs for trainees at different levels of experience. PMID- 6677521 TI - Mourning is a family affair. AB - Mourning is a process of social disengagement. In our modern society, however, the influence of social and religious institutions on the process of mourning has significantly diminished and been partially replaced by mental health clinics. Given the latter's penchant for the intrapsychic view, the perspective on mourning has become reduced to the individual. These trends are clearly reflected in a review of current literature and research on mourning. This paper proposes an interactional, systemic view of mourning through the analysis of two different families. Findings indicate that despite contextual differences between these two families, some basic commonalities render generalizations possible: (a) The selection of the identified patient is not coincidental to the stage of the family life cycle and to the role of the deceased member in the system. (b) Although death affects each individual differently, depending upon his or her relationship with the deceased, it continues to influence all family relations with equal powers. (c) Nonresolution of mourning permits a ghost to become an integral member of the family system. Examination of the treatment process demonstrates that a systemic approach is effective, even when individuals are interviewed alone. PMID- 6677522 TI - Prescribing family criticism as a paradoxical intervention. AB - Two case studies are presented in which parental criticism of children was prescribed in two fused families, who in part were fused because of the mutual and intense criticism between the parents and children. In both cases, prescribing the criticism resulted in blocking the parental criticism, thus forcing the family members to interact in new and different ways. Blocking the criticism permitted the individuals and the family to evolve to the next developmental stages in the family life cycle. Discussion is detailed as to why the prescription of family criticism led to shifts in the family system. PMID- 6677523 TI - Soft meaning and sincerity in the family system. AB - The concept of "sincerity" is often dismissed as being irrelevant to the understanding of families as systems, since sincerity is seen as a linear, intrapsychic construct. This paper makes the opposite argument. Much family communication involves a particular kind of "soft" meanings. Such meanings are flexible and open to varied interpretation, but their use is nevertheless framed by social rules. Sincerity rules function as social agreements to refrain from manipulating "soft" meaning in particular ways. The expectation that family members are (or are not) likely to communicate sincerely is a crucial systems property, altering both the interpersonal strategies and relationship structures that are likely to emerge within families. The analysis of soft meaning developed in this paper suggests new ways of understanding the rich, tangled, sometimes paradoxical communication typical of families. However, a number of premises frequently associated with family systems theory must be abandoned before a clear analysis of family communication can proceed. PMID- 6677524 TI - Perceptions of family environment among psychiatric patients and their wives. AB - This study compared the perceived family environments of former psychiatric inpatients with thought, affective, and substance abuse disorders to those of normative comparison couples using the Family Environment Scale. Family environment was assessed among patients and wives separately at hospital discharge and at three- and twelve-month follow-ups. Patients and their wives were consistently more incongruent in their perceptions of their shared environment than normative couples. In addition, low-functioning patient couples reported less family cohesion, expressiveness, and recreational emphasis than their higher functioning counterparts; the high-functioning patient couples more closely resembled the norm. The paper discusses possible relationships between positive family contact and better patient functioning. PMID- 6677525 TI - Mammalian cell propagation on derivatized polyacrylamide microcarriers. AB - A working system for studying the effects of factors involved in the chemical nature of microcarrier on cell attachment, spreading and growth, was established. The system is based on polyacrylamide beads, prepared by the emulsion polymerization technique. Sieved beads of desirable mean diameter were derivatized to generate controlled amounts of primary and tertiary amino groups. These microcarriers were used for propagation of vive different cell strains: BHK, MDCK, CEF, MRC-5 and FS. It was found that BHK cells attach and spread significantly faster on primary amino derivatized beads than those with tertiary amino groups, and at a lower degree of charging. As a result of introducing hydrophobicity to the side chain carrying the primary amino group, higher kinetic rates of BHK cell attachment were obtained. Optimal cell growth of all the tested cells was recorded for the butyl and the hexyl side chains. On the other hand the introduction of hydrophobicity into the polymeric backbone of the microcarrier led to lower cell yields. Primary amino derivatized MCs with an optimal degree of hydrophobicity city exhibit a higher cell yield of MDCK cells (with pronounced epithelial morphology), as compared to the tertiary amino derivatized MCs. CEF and FS cells (with pronounced fibroblast morphology) attained cell yields comparable to those obtained with the tertiary amino derivatized MCs. The diaminohexane derivatized polyacrylamide microcarriers seem to be a potential alternative for the commonly used tertiary amino derivatized micro-carriers. PMID- 6677526 TI - The use of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) to monitor growth during a cell culture. PMID- 6677527 TI - The scull fermentor. PMID- 6677528 TI - The description of a device which facilitates the oxygenation of microcarrier cultures. PMID- 6677529 TI - Development, screening and quality specifications of hybridomas synthesizing anti polypeptide hormone antibodies to be used for diagnostic tests and in-process control. AB - Hybridomas were developed for the production of monoclonal antibodies against human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and against bovine and porcine (pro)insulins. Screening tests were devised to select those hybridomas synthesizing antibodies with predefined antigen-specificity. Cell lines, which produce anti-hCG antibodies with a low cross-reactivity against luteinizing hormone (hLH) and which are suitable for agglutination tests, were isolated. In addition hybridomas were obtained with various specifications for porcine and bovine (pro)insulins. Their monoclonal antibodies can be used for quantitative enzyme immunoassays of insulin and proinsulin mixtures. Specifications of hybridomas for production purposes have been defined with regard to growth requirements, antibody production capacity and absence of mycoplasma contamination. PMID- 6677530 TI - Early screening for hybrid antibodies. AB - A new system for the screening of hybrid cultures in high number for possible production/secretion of antibodies (immunoglobulin) is presented. In the hybridoma technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies, myeloma cells are fused with B-lymphoblasts. This fusion is induced and often polyethylene glycol is used for this. Soon after fusion, a multitude of small colonies appears. Because of the biochemical characteristics of the myeloma cells, a selection, which only leaves fused cells, is possible. Among these colonies of fused cells, some will be antibody producing and secreting, and some of these will have the correct specificity. This specificity is towards the antigen originally used for immunization of the animal (often mouse). Because of the high number of fused cells, it is important to eliminate competition among different clones, wherefore seeding is done in microtest plates. Even so, more fused cells can end up in the same well, and competition can occur. Therefore, it is important to identify the clones secreting antibody of correct specificity as soon as possible. In the systems employed until now, medium had to be removed from the culture microtest plates. This induces a change in composition with replenishment, and so is not desired too often. Furthermore, this pipetting of small amounts of medium is laborious having 5, 10, or more plates. Therefore, a new system has been developed, which does not remove any medium, that has EIA sensitivity, is fast, and with very few necessary pipettings. The system uses a transferred solid phase, and is called NUNC-TSP-Screening System. PMID- 6677531 TI - Potential for therapy of monoclonal antibodies coupled with toxins. PMID- 6677532 TI - The use of various immunochemical, biochemical and biological methods for the analysis of rabies virus production in tissue cultures. AB - For the preparation of rabies vaccines, virus was grown in cultures of primary cells (bovine fetal kidney) or heteroploid cell lines (Hak and Vero). Comparative analysis of concentrated and/or purified antigen has shown a good correlation between the protective capacity (as determined by the NIH test for potency) on one hand, and hemagglutinating titer, optical absorbance at 280 nm and glycoprotein content (evaluated by the Enzyme-Immuno Assay - EIA) on the other. Furthermore, the evaluation of the respective content of glycoprotein and nucleoprotein (EIA) before and after impairment of viral membrane can be done to know if the rabies glycoprotein is anchored in an intact membrane or not (soluble glycoprotein). In addition, a good correlation has been obtained for the virus harvest between the NIH-test and the EIA-glycoprotein titer. In the light of the easy and rapid application of Enzyme-Immunoassay it is suggested that this technique be used for the analysis and evaluation of expected potency of virus harvest during rabies vaccine production. PMID- 6677533 TI - Human lymphoblastoid interferon for clinical trials: large scale purification and safety tests. AB - Human lymphoblastoid cell lines are one of the best sources for the production of large amounts of human interferon for clinical trials. The potential risk of using transformed cell lines for production of a substance for human use can be overcome by an extensive purification of the interferon to a high degree, and by carefully testing the final product for DNA content and toxic materials. In previous reports we described a method for large scale production of interferon by a human lymphoblastoid cell line (Namalva). In this report a system for large scale purification of Namalva interferon and safety tests is presented. The procedure consists of three main steps: 1. Concentration of crude interferon by ultrafiltration. II. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 or Ultrogel AcA 54 columns. III. Affinity chromatography on anti-interferon antibody column. All steps were adapted for the processing of batches of hundreds of litres and can be easily further scaled-up. The final highly purified product undergoes a series of quality control tests such as purity, sterility, toxicity, pyrogenicity and DNA content. After passing all tests the IFN is released for clinical trials. PMID- 6677534 TI - Neuronal cultures on microcarriers: dissociated spinal cord cells. AB - Dissociated spinal cord cells from rat fetuses were successfully cultured up to the state of synaptogenesis and myelin formation on DEAE cellulose cylindrical microcarriers. Nerve cells and microcarriers interconnected to form conglomerates offering optimal nutritional conditions which enhanced cell maturation. These conglomerates yielded large amounts of cells which could easily be harvested for biochemical analysis. PMID- 6677535 TI - The use of plate heat exchangers in growing human fibroblasts. AB - A method of using plate exchange equipment for the culture of anchorage dependent cells is described. No special orientation of the plates is required and cells may be readily recovered for subsequent use in other culture vessels. The method offers certain advantages over existing systems. PMID- 6677536 TI - The growth of human diploid fibroblasts in serum-free medium. PMID- 6677537 TI - Microcarrier technology. Present status and prospects. PMID- 6677538 TI - Production of a fibrinolytic enzyme from cultures of guinea pig keratocytes grown on microcarriers. AB - Microcarrier technology was investigated as a means of producing a fibrinolytic enzyme, for the treatment of occlusive thrombotic vascular disorders, in sufficient quantity to carry out an evaluation of its clinical potential and the economics of large scale production. Preliminary results showed that the cells grew well and produced significant quantities of the enzyme at high (10 g/1) microcarrier concentrations. PMID- 6677539 TI - Thousand litre scale microcarrier culture of Vero cells for killed polio virus vaccine. Promising results. AB - Through the progress of scientific knowledge the Vero cell line was considered to be a suitable alternative cell substrate for the industrial production of Polio Virus. Using microcarrier culture, more than 10(12) cells could be obtained weekly for virus inoculation. The virus yield is around 60 D units/ml for type I; 20 D units/ml for type II, and 50 D units/ml for type III. PMID- 6677540 TI - The use of Cytodex 3 microcarriers and reduced-serum media for the production of nerve growth promoters from chicken heart cells. AB - Microcarrier cell culture provides an efficient method for the production of cell products. Cytodex 3 microcarriers were used for the production of an active nerve growth-promoting substance from chicken heart fibroblasts (1 degree -4 degrees cultures). Such cells release into culture medium a factor which stimulates the growth of nerve fibres from explanted ciliary, sympathetic and spinal neurons. Furthermore, culture in low-serum or serum-free media reduces the presence of contaminating proteins and facilitates the production and biochemical analysis of this factor. A mixture of DME/F 10 was supplemented with either 10% (v/v) foetal calf serum (FCS), 0.5% FCS, a low molecular weight fraction of FCS, (MW less than 10,000; prepared by dialysis) or different hormones and growth factors. Cells cultured in medium supplemented with insulin (I, 1 microgram/ml), transferrin (T, 25 micrograms/ml), human serum albumin (HSA, 2 mg/ml) and fibronectin (F, 10 micrograms/ml) (ITAF) in combination with 0.5% FCS or a low molecular weight fraction of FCS progressed through the cell cycle with normal kinetics and maximum DNA synthesis was after 20 h. The results were similar to those obtained with a supplement of 10% FCS alone. Media supplemented with insulin, transferrin, fibronectin and HSA in combination with dexamethasone (200 ng/ml) or epidermal growth factor (10 ng/ml) did not promote cell proliferation to the same extent. The fibroblasts proliferated on Cytodex 3 at a rate similar to cells grown on cell culture plastic and produced sufficient amounts of nerve growth-promoting substance for biological analysis. Production of this factor was generally associated with cell proliferation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6677541 TI - The separation of harvested cells from microcarriers: a comparison of methods. AB - Two techniques are described which have been designed to separate harvested cells from microcarriers. The requirements of efficient recovery and high viability of the cells are met by both procedures. Differences both in size and density between cells and microcarriers allow separations which are based on differential centrifugation or filtration. After trypsinizing the cells from the microcarriers, separation was performed by either ; a) low-speed centrifugation on Ficoll-Paque or, b) filtration through nylon meshes. The methodologies for both techniques are presented. Up to 78% of the total cells were recovered by discontinuous gradient centrifugation using Ficoll-Paque. similar results were obtained when separating Vero, BS-C-1 and MRC-5 cells from Cytodex 1, Cytodex 2 and Cytodex 3 microcarriers. Equally high recoveries were obtained by filtration through an 88 micron pore size nylon mesh. Data are presented for the separation of both Vero and HeLa cells from all 3 types of microcarriers after filtration through 53 and/or 88 micron meshes. Greater than 92% viability of the recovered cells was consistently obtained and their growth properties upon subsequent reculturing were unaffected by either separation procedure. Differential sedimentation by unit gravity provides adequate cell recovery for many applications, but yields are significantly increased by using one or other of the methods described here. Both techniques are rapid and efficient. In addition, differential centrifugation provides a concentrated suspension of the recovered cells, while the nylon meshes for filtration are reusable and can be autoclaved at least 5 times.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6677542 TI - Production of a feline parvovirusvaccine using monolayer cell systems in roller flasks and microcarriers. AB - A parvovirus-strain originating from a case of spontaneous panleukopenia has been adapted and propagated in a feline lung fibroblastic cell line. Cultivation of parvovirus infected monolayer cells was carried out in 11 glass flasks containing 50 ml media and on microcarriers in 0.5 - 101 stirring flasks with 0.5-61 media. Harvest of propagated virus from flask monolayer and microcarrier cultures was performed daily for 5 days during one week. The yields of virus antigen per/ml tissue culture media were equal in the two systems, as monitored by hemagglutination and ELISA assays. The seeding and harvesting procedures of virus were found to be simpler with the microcarrier system than with roller flasks. The scaling up is in progress and comparable results have been obtained in 101 scale. PMID- 6677543 TI - Oxygen in human lymphoblastoid cell line cultures and effect of polymers in agitated and aerated cultures. AB - Oxygen demand in submerged animal cell cultures is an important factor that must be controlled. Due to the increased interest in human lymphoblastoid cell lines and hybridomas for the production of various biologicals (such as immunoglobulins, antibodies, interferons and lymphokines) attention should be given to controlling and understanding better the effect of partial oxygen pressure (pO2) in mammalian cell culturing systems. Two points concerning oxygen requirement are reported in this paper: Cell growth and immunoglobulin production were found to be pO2-dependent. The highest cell yield was attained at the highest atmospheric pO2 (166 mmHg). On the other hand, the highest immunoglobulin yield was achieved at the lowest pO2 (33 mmHg). Therefore, the maintenance of different optimal pO2 is desirable in the cultivation of cells for either mass cell production or immunoglobulins. Synthetic polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl starch and pluronic polyols are added to the media for the propagation of cells in submerged culture. These polymers are not metabolized but protect cells from mechanical damage due to agitation and aeration. PMID- 6677544 TI - Antimicrobial activity of "clofoctol" on microorganisms of the human oral cavity. PMID- 6677547 TI - [Sensitivity of various species of Proteus to antimicrobial drugs]. PMID- 6677545 TI - [Use of cefaclor in the treatment of the acute exacerbation chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6677546 TI - [Multicenter study on the efficacy and tolerance of josamycin in adults and children]. PMID- 6677548 TI - [Synergistic properties of quinolinium compounds with broad spectrum antibiotics]. PMID- 6677549 TI - Histology of aging: adipose tissues. PMID- 6677550 TI - Basic concepts for geriatrics/gerontological education. PMID- 6677552 TI - A proposed sociology of gerontology. PMID- 6677551 TI - A gerontology program comes of age. PMID- 6677553 TI - Making gerontology student practica "learning" experiences, not just "doing" experiences. PMID- 6677554 TI - Teaching programs in geriatric dentistry: an international comparison. PMID- 6677555 TI - Promoting faculty support and participation in geriatric teaching programs. PMID- 6677557 TI - Aging and counseling: developing a partnership. PMID- 6677556 TI - Geriatrics consultation: implications for teaching and clinical care. PMID- 6677558 TI - The efficacy of a self help teacher training program for older adults. PMID- 6677559 TI - Continuing education in the later years: learning in the third age. PMID- 6677560 TI - Evidence for the detection of the normal counterpart of Hodgkin and Sternberg Reed cells. AB - To clarify the origin of Hodgkin (H) and Sternberg-Reed (SR) cells, frozen sections of lymph nodes from 30 patients with Hodgkin's disease were immunostained with a large panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive with cells of lymphoid tissue and granulopoiesis. The results showed that: (a) H and SR cells are devoid of markers specific to, or characteristic of B cells, macrophages, dendritic reticulum cells, interdigitating cells, or cells of erythropoietic or thrombopoietic origin; (b) the vast majority of H and SR cells contain granulocyte-related antigens detectable with the monoclonal antibodies TU9 and 3C4, but constantly lack other granulocytic cell markers (such as peroxidase and chloroacetate esterase). Monoclonal antibodies raised against a Hodgkin's disease derived cell line included one, Ki-1, that was found to be selectively reactive with H and SR cells and a minute, but distinct cell population in normal lymphoid tissue and bone marrow. The latter, as yet unidentified cell population appears to be the normal equivalent of H and SR cells. PMID- 6677561 TI - Multicompartment analysis of cell proliferation and cell migration in the Sezary syndrome. AB - Serial radioautographic data obtained in two patients with Sezary syndrome following intravenous tritiated thymidine administration were analysed using multicompartment kinetic models. In both patients, the grain count halving time in the cutaneous Sezary cell compartment was too long to account for the grain count halving rate observed in the peripheral blood. This implies that some proliferating cell compartment other than the skin is primarily responsible for producing the Sezary cells that circulate in the peripheral blood. In both patients, the cell compartment that served as the source of circulating Sezary cells consisted of 5-6 X 10(11) cells (500-600 g of tumor) with an average cell cycle time of 3-4 days. By comparison, the cutaneous Sezary cell compartment was estimated to contain 2.2-4.6 X 10(12) cells (2.2-4.6 kg of tumour) with an average cell cycle time of 7-70 days. While this study does not permit direct anatomic localization of the primary site of Sezary cell production, the properties of this compartment that can be deduced from the available data suggest the lymph nodes as likely candidates. Thus, the Sezary syndrome may well be a true lymph node malignancy with prominent cutaneous manifestations. PMID- 6677563 TI - Prognostic factors in patients with subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease. AB - Between April 1969 and December 1980, 329 patients with pathologically staged IA IIB Hodgkin's disease were treated at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy. Twenty-five (7.6 per cent) of these patients presented with inguinal-femoral or superficial iliac adenopathy and had disease limited to below the diaphragm. In addition 11 patients presented with intra-abdominal masses and Hodgkin's disease was diagnosed on laparotomy. The median age, histologic subtypes, and actuarial relapse free and overall survival of patients with peripheral adenopathy limited to below the diaphragm were similar to patients with supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease. Patients with disease limited to the pelvic or inguinal-femoral nodes were treated with pelvic and para-aortic irradiation alone. Staging laparotomy identified those patients with para-aortic or splenic involvement and these patients were treated with total nodal irradiation or combined modality treatment. The small group of patients who presented with intra-abdominal disease without peripheral adenopathy was older, had a predominance of lymphocyte depleted histology, and had a worse prognosis than the other patients described. PMID- 6677562 TI - Reed-Sternberg cells cultured from morphologically unidentifiable precursors in the blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - In order to examine whether morphologically unidentifiable precursors of Reed Sternberg cells (RSC) may circulate in the blood of patients with untreated Hodgkin's Disease (HD), mononuclear leukocytes were isolated from the blood of 33 consecutive patients and cultured in soft agar. Abnormal colonies containing multinucleated giant cells developed in the specimens of 12 patients. These cells had the light and electron microscopic appearance of RSC. They were positive for alpha-naphthyl acetate and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterases, acid phosphatase and lysozyme, bespeaking their monocyte/macrophage lineage. The observations suggest that unidentifiable precursors of RSC could be responsible for hematogenous spread of the disease in some cases. Moreover, since RS-like cells developed in the specimens of 8 patients with stage I and II HD, it may be useful to evaluate whether soft agar colony culture would yield data of prognostic significance in patients with early disease. PMID- 6677564 TI - Cytogenetic studies in patients with hairy cell leukemia. AB - We performed cytogenetic studies on 58 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) from 1975 to 1981. Analysable metaphase cells stained with Q-banding were obtained in 77 samples from 44 patients. Cells with abnormal chromosomes were found in both unstimulated and stimulated cultures of bone marrow and peripheral blood. Patients were classified in 6 groups. Group I, 2 patients with a clonal chromosome abnormality; group II, 13 patients with nonclonal structural abnormalities; group III, 5 patients with nonclonal numerical abnormalities; group IV, 19 patients with only a normal karyotype; group V, 15 patients with no or with fewer than 5 normal metaphase cells; group VI, 4 patients with questionable abnormal chromosomes. Common abnormalities were deletion of the long arm of No. 6 or +3 each in 3 patients, and +Y, +12 or +18 in 2 patients. Actuarial survival for each group was calculated from diagnosis and also from chromosome examination. The two patients with a clonal chromosome abnormality died within one year. Eight of 13 patients with nonclonal structural abnormalities died within 5 years after diagnosis, while none of 5 patients with nonclonal numerical abnormalities and 2 of 19 patients with normal chromosomes died within 5 years. The difference in the 5-year actuarial survival between patients with nonclonal abnormalities (groups II and III) and those with a normal karyotype was significant (p less than 0.05). The difference was more marked between patients with nonclonal structural abnormalities and those with a normal karyotype (p less than 0.01). Patients with nonclonal numerical abnormalities had a longer survival than those patients with nonclonal structural abnormalities (p less than 0.05). Thus, structural chromosome abnormalities in HCL may be a poor prognostic sign even when they are not clonal. PMID- 6677565 TI - Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase as a differentiation marker for the human mononuclear phagocyte system. AB - Human blood monocytes (BM) were stimulated with various immune modulators in short-term cultures. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TAcP) activity was demonstrated with an enzyme cytochemical method. Other members of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), such as peritoneal (PM) and alveolar macrophages (AM), were also tested. Unstimulated BM and physiologic functional forms of macrophages, with the exception of AM, were invariably TAcP negative. On appropriate stimulation, particularly with media containing lymphokines, cultured BM became TAcP positive. The results suggest that TAcP is an inducible differentiation marker that indicates transformation of monocytes into cells belonging to a distinct subset of the MPS. PMID- 6677567 TI - The human temperature adaptation functional system. PMID- 6677566 TI - Ways of increasing human resistance to acute hypoxia. PMID- 6677568 TI - Regulation of body heat content. PMID- 6677569 TI - Interhemispheric functional asymmetry of auditory evoked potentials in young children. PMID- 6677570 TI - EEG manifestations of functional asymmetry of the human cerebral cortex during perception of words and music. PMID- 6677571 TI - Voluntary control of GSR amplitude. PMID- 6677572 TI - A model of the working of a binocular visual system during depth discrimination. PMID- 6677573 TI - Mathematical models of readaptation of human vision after exposure to short flashes. PMID- 6677576 TI - Presidential address: 42nd All India Ophthalmological Conference at Pune, on January 4, 1983. PMID- 6677574 TI - State of the pulmonary blood flow and central hemodynamics in normal subjects breathing a helium-oxygen mixture. PMID- 6677575 TI - A system for automatized stabilography. PMID- 6677577 TI - Experiences with orbital tumours. PMID- 6677580 TI - D.C.R.--a modified technique. PMID- 6677578 TI - Orbital ultrasonography--a diagnostic tool. PMID- 6677579 TI - Proptosis due to arteriovenous malformations and fistulae. PMID- 6677581 TI - Tear film break up time in normal Indian subjects. PMID- 6677582 TI - Meibomian gland carcinoma. PMID- 6677583 TI - Double-cannalicular-single tube intubation in dacryocystorhinostomy. PMID- 6677584 TI - Surgical management of blepharophimosis syndrome. PMID- 6677585 TI - Surgical management of residual ptosis. PMID- 6677586 TI - Impact of computrised axial tomography on orbital diagnosis (a study of 100 cases). PMID- 6677587 TI - A-scan ultrasonography in orbital lesions (a clinical study). PMID- 6677588 TI - Make your own striated glasses. PMID- 6677589 TI - Technique and indications for surgery of the inferior oblique muscle. PMID- 6677590 TI - Cam vision stimulator in the treatment of strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. PMID- 6677591 TI - Accommodation synoptophore in the treatment of convergence insufficiency. PMID- 6677592 TI - Treatment of amblyopia by cam vision stimulator--study of 40 cases. PMID- 6677593 TI - Clinico-biochemical study of xerophthalmia in rural population of Allahabad. PMID- 6677594 TI - Retinal visual acuity in ametropia. PMID- 6677595 TI - Glycerine eye drops in keratopathy. PMID- 6677596 TI - Treatment of mycotic sloughing corneal ulcer by actual cautery--a review of 110 cases. PMID- 6677597 TI - Complication of epidemic viral conjunctivitis. PMID- 6677599 TI - Use of Bhilawan oil as a cauterizing and tatooing agent in corneal ulcers. PMID- 6677598 TI - An etio-clinico-pathological study in two epidemics of conjunctivitis. PMID- 6677600 TI - Steroid addction: a complication of use and abuse of steroids in herpes simplex keratitis. PMID- 6677601 TI - Techniques in the removal of retained intraocular foreign body. PMID- 6677602 TI - Ocular tumours in children--a study of 75 cases. PMID- 6677603 TI - Rhino-orbito-cerebral, mucormycosis. PMID- 6677604 TI - Survey of ocular diseases in arid zone (Jaisalmer) with special reference to vitamin A. PMID- 6677605 TI - Optic nerve involvement in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6677606 TI - Trauma index--a system of evaluation of ocular damage due to trauma. PMID- 6677607 TI - Estimation of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole levels in tears after systemic administration. PMID- 6677609 TI - Intra-scleral motility implant. PMID- 6677608 TI - How much insult the human eye can tolerate. PMID- 6677610 TI - Rare toxicity of diamox (acetazolamide). PMID- 6677611 TI - Worldwide prevention of blindness. PMID- 6677612 TI - Psychiatric malpractice. PMID- 6677613 TI - Models for the custody of mentally disordered offenders. PMID- 6677614 TI - The relevance of philosophy to law and psychiatry. PMID- 6677616 TI - Violent youth: the impact of mental health treatment. PMID- 6677615 TI - Offenders remanded for a psychiatric examination: perceived treatability and disposition. PMID- 6677617 TI - Psychodynamic and social development of neurotic patients applying for disability compensation: a catamnestic study. AB - Neurotic illnesses in which the desire for compensation or pensioning complicates the picture must not always take an unfavorable course. Prognostic criteria allowing definitive projections for individual cases are not available. The award or denial of compensation--in a group comparison--has no influence on the neurotic symptomatology. There are no differences in the psychodynamic and social histories of those subjects who apply for a pension because of the inability to work and those who claim compensation following an external trauma. In one-fourth of the subjects who were examined in connection with accidental or war injury, conspicuous personality characteristics could be demonstrated for the time preceding the incident. Satisfactory therapeutic possibilities for the group of neurotic applicants for disability compensation or pensions are not yet available. PMID- 6677618 TI - Characterization of metastatic heterogeneity among subpopulations of a single mouse mammary tumor: heterogeneity in phenotypic stability. AB - The frequency of metastasis formed by tumor cells injected into lateral tail veins, mammary fatpads, or the subcutis are described for eight subpopulations of a single, spontaneously arising BALB/cfC3H mouse mammary tumor. These subpopulations display a spectrum of metastatic behavior from all three injection sites. The proportion of animals with metastases does not depend upon the site of primary tumor growth (i.e., mammary fatpad versus subcutis). One subpopulation can grow as lung nodules after intravenous injection but is only poorly metastatic from subcutaneous or fatpad implants. Heterogeneity among the subpopulations in the stability of the metastatic phenotype is evident. Although most of the subpopulations and their clones remained stable for periods of 2-5 years, one subpopulation rapidly lost metastatic ability within 3 months and another gradually became more metastatic over 2 years. PMID- 6677620 TI - A fluctuation analysis of the rate of reexpression of the metastatic potential in a nonmetastatic mutant of the MDAY-D2 murine tumor. AB - A fluctuation analysis was performed on cell populations of a nonmetastatic, wheat germ agglutinin-resistant mutant (MDW4-1) of the murine MDAY-D2 tumor in order to determine the spontaneous frequency of occurrence of metastatic revertants during in vitro proliferation. A number of clones derived from the MDW4-1 mass culture were expanded in vitro and equal samples were inoculated intravenously into groups of DBA/2 mice. The number of metastatic cells present in each clonal population was estimated on the basis of the mean survival time per animal group, by making reference to a standard dose-response relationship. The final calculation indicated that metastatic cells arise randomly in vitro at a rate of 2 X 10(-5) cell per MDW4-1 cell per generation (upper estimate). The lower estimate of the rate reveals that only few metastatic revertants preexisted prior to inoculation when wheat germ agglutinin-sensitive cells are counterselected in the presence of the lectin. We conclude that the reexpression of the metastatic potential in the MDW4-1 tumor cell line may occur spontaneously, outside the host-selective environment, and may be linked to the loss of the wheat germ agglutinin-resistance phenotype. PMID- 6677619 TI - Changes in anatomical distribution of tumour lesions induced by platelet-active drugs. AB - To examine the effect of platelet-active drugs on the spread of blood-borne tumour cells, two murine tumours, sarcoma 180 (S-180) and TLX-5 lymphoma, were selected. Following intravenous (IV) injection into CBA mice the former elicited thrombocytopenia and formed discrete pulmonary tumours, whereas the latter failed to elicit thrombocytopenia and formed discrete tumours in all visceral organs examined except the lungs. S-180 cells were injected IV into mice pre-treated with RA233 (known to prevent thrombocytopenia and thrombus formation) and TLX-5 cells were injected IV into mice pre-treated with Corynebacterium parvum (known to induce thrombocytopenia and thrombus formation). RA233 pre-treatment did not change survival time or incidence of S-180 pulmonary tumours but did result in a higher incidence of extrapulmonary tumours and a lower tumour cell burden immediately after injection. Pre-treatment with C. parvum resulted in a higher TLX-5 tumour cell burden but not discrete tumours in the lungs. On the basis of known drug activities it is proposed that thrombocytopenia induced in these experiments is in part a reflection of thrombus formation in the lungs which influences the speed of passage of tumour cells through capillaries. In some cases this may lead to a changed anatomical distribution of tumour lesions. PMID- 6677621 TI - Characterization of BSp73, a spontaneous rat tumor and its in vivo selected variants showing different metastasizing capacities. AB - BSp73 arose spontaneously (1979) as intraperitoneal nodules together with ascites. Histologically, the nodules were classified as adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. During serial transplantation of ascites cells to a subcutaneous site, two variants appeared--one fast-growing, nonmetastasizing, the other slowly growing and metastasizing via the lymphatic system to the lung. From the in vivo selected variants as well as from the parental tumor, two types of tissue cultured cell lines were established. These differed in morphology, adherence to plastic, susceptibility to detachment by trypsin, and, above all, in the ability to metastasize upon reinjection into syngeneic recipients. From differences in growth kinetics in vivo it has to be concluded that variant cell types coexisted in the parental tumor in the form of precursors, which adopted their characteristic features (irreversibly) after a shift in the environment. PMID- 6677622 TI - Comparison of 'spontaneous' and 'experimental' metastasis using rat 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma metastatic cell clones. AB - Rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma cloned cell lines were assayed at different in vitro passage numbers and compared for their abilities to form 'spontaneous' metastases by subcutaneous injection of cells and 'experimental' metastases by intravenous injection of cells. Tumor cell clones were established from locally growing tumor and spontaneous lung metastases, and these clones were found to possess heterogeneous metastatic potentials in both metastasis assays. The rank order of clonal metastatic potentials based on either the average number of lung tumor colonies or the average total lung tumor volume was generally equivalent for 'spontaneous' and 'experimental' metastases, but some differences were noted. Ranking of 'spontaneous' metastasis by average total lung tumor volumes more closely resembled the rank order of 'experimental' metastasis than by the average number of spontaneous metastases. The results demonstrated that in the 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma system (i) there is heterogeneity in tumor cell clonal metastatic potential using either 'spontaneous' or 'experimental' assays; (ii) these two assay methods yield generally the same rank order of metastatic potential; (iii) the metastatic potential of each of the tumor cell clones drifts with time (passage number) in cell culture, and (iv) ranking by average tumor burden calculated from total lung tumor volumes may yield a better estimate of metastatic potential than ranking by the average number of lung tumor colonies. PMID- 6677623 TI - Lymphoma cell interaction with cultured vascular endothelial cells and with the subendothelial basal lamina: attachment, invasion and morphological appearance. AB - Invasion and extravasation of tumor cells through blood vessels and the capillary bed of different organs provide a major pathway for the dissemination and metastatic spread of neoplastic cells. In order to investigate this process in vitro, cloned lines of the low-metastatic methylcholanthrene-induced DBA/2 T lymphoma Eb and its highly metastatic variant line ESb were compared for their mode of interaction (attachment, invasion and morphological appearance) with a confluent monolayer of cultured vascular endothelial cells and with the subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM). Both the Eb and ESb lymphoma cells exhibited a much faster and firmer attachment to the subendothelium than to the apical surface of the endothelial cell layer. Whereas the Eb cells mostly retained their spheroidal shape when attached to the subendothelium, the ESb cells adopted within 5-24 h a flatter morphology and 30-40% of the cells exhibited an extension of a long pseudopod. Invasion through the endothelial cell layer was faster and occurred to a higher extent with ESb than with Eb cells and was most frequently seen at the edges of an artificial wound made to locally expose the subendothelial basal lamina. Lymphoma cell invasion was most often initiated by a cytoplasmic process indenting at junctions between adjoining endothelial cells and less often traversing through intact cells. Invasion was followed by regeneration of the endothelium and sealing of the invasive cells from the exterior environment. These findings corroborate and extend previous observations on endothelial cell penetration and basement membrane attachment and degradation by various types of metastatic tumor cells. The major new observation comes from the striking contrast in morphological appearance and dynamic behavior between the high- and low-metastatic cells of this tumor system after contact with endothelial cells or their ECM. This suggests a critical role of pseudopod formation and cell motility in endothelial cell penetration and invasion, and thus in an essential step in cancer metastasis. PMID- 6677624 TI - The membrane external proteins of human astrocytomas in culture. AB - The cell surface proteins of some human astrocytomas have been investigated. Cell cultures were initiated from the tumours and surface proteins labelled with radioiodine in monolayer cultures. Normal glial and astrocytoma cells were found to possess a common surface protein pattern. In the molecular weight (MW) range of 225,000-75,000 daltons, the protein profile contained 6 well-defined peaks. The 195,000-dalton component (pb) was found liable to resolve into pb and a forerunning component pb'. Component pd (130,000 daltons) similarly showed resolution into subcomponents in 5 out of 9 tumours. The remaining components appeared more homogeneous in electrophoresis. There were also significant quantitative changes in the expression of the various components of the astrocytomas as compared with the normal glial cell line. Component pa was found to be reduced by greater than 70% in 7 out of 9 astrocytomas. The levels of 225,000-dalton proteins were found to be directly proportional to the survival times of the patients. Components pc appeared to be amplified by a factor of 1.6 3.5 in all the astrocytomas as compared with the normal glial line. Increased incorporation of radioiodine was also seen in 7 out of 9 tumours in components with MW of less than 75,000 daltons. The possible significance of the differential expression of the surface components is discussed. It is suggested that some of these changes, especially in component pa, may be associated with the malignant state. PMID- 6677625 TI - Increased metastatic capacity of Lewis lung tumor cells by in vivo selection procedure. AB - Lewis lung tumor cells from liver metastases originally obtained from an intrasplenic tumor, and lung metastases obtained from an intramuscular transplant, were repeatedly passaged in the corresponding transplantation sites (spleen, intramuscular). Cells from liver metastases injected into the spleen gained an increased metastatic capacity. The same phenomenon was observed with lung metastatic cells injected intramuscularly, but to a lesser degree. In all passages metastases occurred only in the organs receiving the venous blood from the primary site. The enhanced metastasis formation may be a result of a selection of tumor cells resistant to host cytotoxic cells and/or of selection of tumor cells 'seeding' successfully in target organs. PMID- 6677627 TI - Organ preferences in metastatic colony formation by spontaneous mammary carcinomas after intra-arterial inoculation. AB - We have demonstrated earlier that cells from some spontaneous murine mammary tumours heavily colonise the lungs of every inoculated animal when injected intravenously, whereas those from others do so weakly or not at all. Extrapulmonary deposits are rare when cells are inoculated by this route. In the current experiments, we have found that if the cells are inoculated retrograde along the subclavian artery into the arch of the aorta, or directly into the abdominal aorta, they are capable of colonising organs other than the lungs and that individual tumours have reproducible preferences for establishing colonies in certain sites. The combination of organs favoured vary from tumour to tumour but most still showed a predilection for forming pulmonary deposits. Several organs are not colonised by any tumour in any recipient. It is concluded that the distribution of metastatic colonies formed by these spontaneous mammary tumours is influenced by interplay between intrinsic properties of tumour cells, microenvironmental influences in the organs in which the cells arrest, and rheological considerations. PMID- 6677626 TI - Elicitation of macroscopic metastases via surgery: various forms of surgical intervention differ in their induction of metastatic outgrowth. AB - Surgical removal of a primary tumor implant established in a hind limb frequently gives rise to the emergence of macroscopic lymph node metastases. The present work, utilizing various kinds of surgical intervention, sets out to assess the extent to which surgery itself and/or the associated trauma were responsible for the enhancement of secondary tumor growth. The findings show that a hind limb control amputation did not affect the frequency, size or location of metastases. In contrast, comparable amputation of the tumor-bearing limb resulted in a marked increase in the incidence of macroscopic metastases. These and other findings make it likely that the more frequent and enhanced outgrowth of metastases occurring upon removal of the primary tumor implant is not the result of the operative procedure as such. Additional findings, showing that in animals bearing primary tumor implants on the limb, partial hepatectomy resulted in an enhanced outgrowth of macroscopic metastases developing in diverse locations, are more difficult to interpret. Possibly the often enhanced growth of the primary tumor implant may well favor the spread and the establishment of neoplastic cells at secondary sites; alternatively, putative growth-promoting agents, released by the regenerating liver, may stimulate primary and secondary tumor growth. The present findings diminish the likelihood that nonspecific operative stress is a major contributory factor in the enhancement of metastatic tumor growth following certain types of surgical intervention; they indicate, however, that in certain special situations of the host, such as after hepatectomy, both primary and secondary tumor growth may be enhanced. PMID- 6677628 TI - Tumor subpopulation interactions in metastasis. AB - Subpopulations isolated from a single mouse mammary tumor differ in ability to metastasize when tested independently in normal, syngeneic mice. The presence of a metastatic subpopulation, however, enabled relatively nonmetastatic subpopulations to metastasize. Tumor subpopulation 67 did not form metastatic nodules after intravenous injection of 3 X 10(6) cells. If injected with 1 X 10(4) cells of the metastatic subpopulation 410.4, colony-forming tumor 67 cells, as well as 410.4 cells, were found in the resulting lung nodules. Mice bearing subcutaneous implants of subpopulation 168 tumors and which were injected intravenously with saline or 1 X 10(4) of subpopulation 168 cells did not develop metastases. The intravenous injection of 1 X 10(4) of subpopulation 410.4 cells into mice bearing subcutaneously subpopulation 168 tumors resulted in lung nodules consisting of colony-forming 168 as well as 410.4 cells. Thus, the simultaneous presence of metastatic and nonmetastatic subpopulations can result in metastatic nodules containing the nonmetastatic subpopulation. PMID- 6677630 TI - Photographing video displays. PMID- 6677629 TI - [Local tissue burn. Results of thermosurgery]. PMID- 6677632 TI - The role of medical photography in safe-guarding the potential wandering patient. PMID- 6677631 TI - Technical design of class composites--an alternative approach. PMID- 6677633 TI - Crisis in biocommunications--dangers and opportunities. PMID- 6677634 TI - Children's item and other errors on time-compressed, sequenced rhyming words. AB - This investigation provided normative data for the performance of 36 M and 36 F children in 3 groups averaging 8, 10, and 12 yrs old, presented time-compressed (TC) rhyme sequences under multitalker masking and no masking conditions. Analysis of both item and order errors yielded significant effects for TC and masking conditions. These effects were consistent with findings for stimuli previously found useful in assessing auditory perceptual problems, thereby supporting the diagnostic potential of these stimuli. Analysis of the order errors also yielded several higher-order interactions which appeared to be clinically negligible but supportive of the suggestion that order errors may be especially sensitive to subtle pathological problems. PMID- 6677635 TI - Hearing levels in U.S. Army engineers. AB - An 18-item questionnaire on otoaudiological and noise-exposure history was completed by over 900 U.S. Army engineers, of whom reference and current audiograms were collected on 209 Ss who reported no obvious ear or hearing problems and did not participate in non-military noise-hazardous hobbies or activities. Subgroups of 6 military occupation specialties were studied separately; differences among these were unremarkable in age, length of military service, and job-related noise exposure, in current HTLs and in hearing losses re reference audiogram prior to appreciable military noise exposure. Mean current HTLs were better 3, 4 and 6 kc/s by about 23, 34, and 24 db (L + L ears) than a comparably-aged group of 450 men working in industry (Glorig et al, 1957). These results augur well for the current Army hearing conservation program. PMID- 6677636 TI - The effects of short-term auditory masking on fundamental frequency variability. AB - Normal speaking young men (N:6) repeatedly uttered a 3-word sentence stressing either Word 1, 2, or 3, in quiet and in while noise at 100 db SPL. Fo was measured for each word and over each sentence. Fo variability was significantly affected when stressed words were produced in noise. Mean sentence Fo levels were elevated in noise; Ss were therefore more restricted in their prosodic maneuvering above this average Fo level. SS could produce consistent stress patterns in noise. These results suggest that Fo may be regulated by open-loop systems. PMID- 6677637 TI - High-frequency Bekesy audiometry: IV. Normative aspects for normal-hearing young adult. AB - Normal-hearing young adults Ss (10 M, 20 F) produced Bekesy threshold tracings on a modified Grason - Stadler E-800 audiometer for pure tone in 2-kc/s increments from 7-19 kc/s, using as transducer an air-coupled 1/2-inch condenser microphone. Mean threshold functions and variances, the proportion of Ss responding at each frequency, and the role of sex-related differences were analyzed and discussed. Although the same was too small to yield reference equivalent threshold SPLs for high-frequency audiometry using the present apparatus and procedures, the data are useful for a future full-scale normative study. PMID- 6677638 TI - Normal ABR's in children classified as learning disabled. AB - Some preliminary studies on children identified as having "minimal brain dysfunction" have suggested that auditory brainstem (ABR) latency measures may be useful in facilitating early identification of children with learning disabilities. However, the present investigation on 20 boys aged 9-14 yrs classified as learning disabled according to typical psychoeducational criteria used in the United States showed that no ABR latency measure to repetitive click stimuli could differentiate this group from age-matched normal controls. Furthermore, psychoeducational Battery was not related to ABR latency in these children. PMID- 6677639 TI - The acoustic cricothyroid response in the rat. AB - Contraction of the cricothyroid muscle (CTM) in the bat is known to raise vocal pitch. An electrode was placed on the CTM of 12 adult lightly-anesthetized rats and electromyograms obtained in response to 5-sec pure tones from 2-80 kc/s at 100 db SPL. Response patterns (rate-of-firing by frequency) were obtained for each rat, being greatest at frequencies below 15 kc/s. This is not the region of greatest audibility, which in the rat is thought to be 30-40 kc/s. Response latencies were determined to be 830 msec at each rat's best frequency. Evidently in rats, as in bats, the CTM is acoustically responsive, but its precise ethological role in controlling vocal pitch is not as yet understood. PMID- 6677640 TI - Excursion size Bekesy tracings of continuous and interrupted tones at threshold and at most comfortable loudness in cochlear-impaired ears. AB - Bekesy fixed-frequency tracings at .5, 1, and 4 kc/s were obtained at THL and at MCL from 64 men with cochlear-impaired ears. Mean continuous- (C) and interrupted tone (I) excursion sizes were compared within 4 hearing-level categories from mild to severe/profound. Mean I-tone excursions were comparable at THL and MCL, regardless of amount of loss or frequency, the majority of excursions between 5 15 db. Mean C-tone excursions at MCL were reduced to less than 5.5 db a value at HTL said by Bilger (1965) to be clinically significant in separating normal from pathological cochlear function], i.e., significantly more often than mean C-tone excursions at THL . Inspection of excursion size at MMCL appears to have diagnostic value. PMID- 6677641 TI - Language comprehension of pre-school children reared in one-parent families: a preliminary report. AB - In a previous study ( DiSimoni and Mucha , J. Aud . Res., 1982, 22, 265-270) 97 essentially normal pre-school children were given the Token Test for Children (TTC), a receptive language test of semantic function. The socioeconomic status (SES) of each parent was estimated on a 7-pt scale. Data were here further analyzed to show that while TTC scores were not correlated with SES for the whole group, in a subgroup of 33 Ss in 1-parent families (all mothers) the correlation was strong (p = 0.003) between TTC and maternal SES. Thus, receptive language comprehension varies not only with family SES but with important familial factor(s) beyond the power of this exploratory study to elucidate. PMID- 6677642 TI - Time management: reducing the biocommunicator's stress. AB - The author introduces three steps in the technique of time management and gives examples of different "time waters." She outlines myths of time management and offers suggestions for eliminating these misconceptions, along with time-saving tips that will maximize productivity while minimizing stress. She concludes by pointing out the importance of mastering time management skills in one's personal and professional life. PMID- 6677643 TI - Mass media & health education: an interview with Arthur Ulene, M.D. PMID- 6677644 TI - Cel vinyls: materials and methods. AB - Many commercial uses of media are applicable to medical/scientific media production and illustration, not the least of which are techniques pioneered in the commercial cartooning field. Whether or not the illustrative effort culminates in a "cartoon," the production techniques of the cartooning industry cannot be overlooked by the illustrator faced with providing projection graphics, whether animated or still, for slides, motion pictures, television or even print media. When Walt Disney introduced Mickey Mouse as "Steamboat Willie" in 1928, his technology opened the door for exploration of cartooning media by all artists. Only in comparatively recent years have these tools been used by the scientific illustrator. In this article cel vinyl acrylics or cartoon colors will be discussed: the rationale for the use of this medium, materials and methods, and considerations related to the photography of this art form. PMID- 6677645 TI - Designing learning experiences for teachers...and students. AB - Guidelines for helping medical educators make decisions about designing learning activities are very few and non-specific. The author describes and illustrates four concepts that govern those decisions: personal anchor, objectifying the subjective experience, developing knowledge, and collective wisdom. Medical educators at the Medical College of Virginia have used these concepts to plan and implement their teaching activities. PMID- 6677646 TI - A microradioiodination method for detection of nanogram amounts of proteins resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - A procedure is described for the rapid analysis of nanogram quantities of protein resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Proteins are first radioiodinated by the chloramine T method, acid precipitated after addition of a visible marker protein and collected on a nitrocellulose filter. The region of the filter containing protein is excised and the proteins are then extracted from the filter into electrophoresis sample buffer. PMID- 6677647 TI - Bacteriophage concentration from water by filter chromatography. AB - The efficiency of an electropositive filter for membrane chromatography of viruses was examined using coliform phages T1, T4, lambda and Salmonella phage P22. Phages diluted in dechlorinated tap water were adsorbed to filters at neutral pH and eluted by 3% beef extract in 0.05 M glycine buffer at selected alkaline pH values. With exception of lambda phage, which displayed erratic adsorption behavior at any pH, all bacteriophages studied, adsorbed to filters with an efficiency of 97-100% at pH values ranging between 6.0 and 8.0. Each phage was readily eluted at alkaline pH levels. Maximal elution (86.2%) of T1 phage and lambda phage (79%) occurred at pH 10, while T4 and Salmonella phages were eluted most efficiently at pH 11 at values of 91.7 and 81.9%, respectively. The resolving power of the filter was such that individual phages within the same virus group (T1 and T4 phage) could be eluted at pHs differing by only one unit. PMID- 6677648 TI - Efficient transfection of mammalian cells with viral DNA in optimal culture conditions. AB - Standard or newly developed DNA transfection procedures were compared for both innocuity and efficiency using simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA and monkey kidney (Vero) cells as an indicator system. Optimal results have been obtained by treating the delicate cell monolayers with a solution of glycerol before infection with DNA-calcium phosphate complexes. PMID- 6677649 TI - Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of toxicological levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH D3) in human serum. AB - A reversed-phase HPLC method for determination of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25 OH D3) in serum samples is described. The method involves extraction of 25-OH D3 with hexane, followed by differential resolubilization in acetonitrile. The sample is then applied directly on the C18 bonded phase column of the liquid chromatograph, and developed in a acetonitrile-water solvent system. In the range 12.5-400 ng, a linear relationship was observed between detector response and the amount of 25-OH D3 placed on the column. Also, a very good correlation was observed between the amounts of 25-OH D3 added to serum samples, and the calculated amounts. The method can be used for screening for toxicological levels of 25-OH D3 in patients treated with high doses of vitamin D3. PMID- 6677650 TI - Efficiency of a composite treatment for mixed fission products in rats. AB - The effect of a composite antidotal treatment - consisting of a mixture of calcium alginate, ferrihexacyanoferrate(II) and potassium iodide - administered in diet and/or Na3(CaDTPA) administered intraperitoneally on the absorption and the removal of radioactive strontium, caesium, iodine and cerium was investigated in 7-week-old female rats. The animals were on respective treatments for 3 days. The retention of 141Ce, 85Sr, 137Cs and 131I was determined in the whole body, carcass, gut, liver, kidneys and respective critical organs (femur, muscle, thyroid) 6 days after their oral or intraperitoneal administration. In animals which received the antidotal mixture or Na3(CaDTPA) alone, the radionuclide retention was practically the same as in rats which were given the composite treatment [mixture + Na3(CaDTPA)]. This indicates that the efficiency of one treatment was not increased by the other. For 141Ce, Na3(CaDTPA) was an effective antidote, while 85Sr, 137Cs and 131I were reduced by the mixture. It is concluded that the composite treatment might be a quick treatment for choice for reducing mixed fission products retention, especially in cases when identification of exposure is difficult or impossible to make. PMID- 6677651 TI - An investigation of fibrogenic and other toxic effects of arc-welding fume particles deposited in the rat lung. AB - Lung burdens of deposited particles from fumes generated by arc-welding were established in rats by single inhalation exposures, repeated intermittent exposure or by intratracheal injection. Fumes from manual metal arc-welding using flux-coated mild-steel rods (MMA-MS) were compared with those from metal inert gas welding with stainless steel wire (MIG-SS). After initial rapid clearance of deposited material from the lungs, persistent residual deposits remained. Such residues resulting from single inhalation were small and confined mainly to peribronchial accumulations in macrophage clusters. Deposits remaining after repeated inhalation were larger and more widespread. Intratracheal administration (50 mg) established massive residual deposits, giving nodular accumulations in peribronchial, subpleural and perivascular sites, with substantial alveolar parenchymal involvement. Deposits from both types of fumes contained predominantly iron. Particles from stainless steel also contained chromium, but concentrations of this element were low in deposits from MMA-MS fumes. MMA-MS deposits contained silica, probably amorphous. Long-term studies (up to 450 days) attempted to detect evidence of fibrosis resulting from particle burdens. Low grade collagen fibre layers developed at margins of MMA-MS nodules. Diffuse reticulin fibre networks occurred within MIG-SS aggregates. Tissue hydroxyproline levels were increased (doubled) in lungs with intratracheal burdens of MMA-MS particles, but no significant increases resulted from MIG-SS. The major lesions were nodular aggregates of particle-laden macrophages with giant-cell formation, and alveolar epithelial thickening with atelectasis. PMID- 6677652 TI - The effect of chronic exposure to 100 ppm carbon monoxide on brain biomines, serum corticosterone and organ weights in rats. AB - The effect of chronic exposure to 100 ppm (0.01%) CO on pituitary-adrenal activity was evaluated by measuring serum corticosterone and brain bioamine levels in the rat. Exposure to CO for 1 month induced a decrease in the brain serotonin levels. Serum corticosterone, brain dopamine and noradrenaline as well as the weight of the adrenal glands, lungs, spleen and liver were unchanged. After two months of exposure, serum corticosterone and brain serotonin levels were elevated and the liver weight was significantly lower. This suggests that at this chronic low concentration CO acts as a stressor, and the organism initiates a general defensive reaction. The effect of CO on the pituitary-adrenal axis could be mediated by a central neuronal pathway. PMID- 6677653 TI - Blood-flow distribution in the mouse. AB - Blood-flow distribution was determined in pentobarbital-anesthetized male B6C3F1 mice, using intracardially administered 141Ce-radiolabelled microspheres (10 micro Ci). The proportion of cardiac output and blood flow per g tissue was determined in 18 organs and tissues, including the nasal cavity, lobes of the liver, individual kidneys and sections of the intestinal tract. To provide comparative data, blood-flow distribution was also determined in pentobarbital anaesthetized male Fischer 344 rats. In general, there was close agreement between the distribution of blood flow between these two rodent species. The bladder and large intestine of mice appear to receive more, while the testes receive less, of the cardiac output than in rats. Rat liver and kidney, however, appear to receive approximately twice the amount of blood on a weight basis as in the mouse. PMID- 6677654 TI - Urinary excretion products after the administration of 14C-acetaldehyde to rats. AB - Rats were injected with 120 micro Ci of 14C-acetaldehyde containing carrier acetaldehyde, and the urinary excretion products were assayed by cation exchange chromatography, resolving five main peaks of radioactivity. Urine contained 6% of the dose of 14C-acetaldehyde administered. The main urinary product of acetaldehyde, fraction 5, was produced via acetate. Acetate was also identified in the urine. Two cysteine adducts, probably isomeric metabolites of 2 methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, were detected. They constituted about 2% of the radioactivity in the urine collected 48 h after the administration of 14C acetaldehyde. They appeared to retain a carboxylic group. When the reaction mixture of 14C-cysteine and acetaldehyde was injected into a rat, the half-lives of the two tiazolidine derivatives was 10 h. Only 13.6% of the radioactivity was detected in the urine suggesting ready metabolism of 2-methylthiazolidine-4 carboxylic acid. PMID- 6677655 TI - Regulation of a S(trans-1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine-induced renal tubular toxicity by glutathione. AB - The nephrotoxin S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC) is cleaved in the renal tubules to produce a reactive electrophilic intermediate. If this intermediate is responsible for the toxicity, addition of the nucleophilic scavenger glutathione (GSH) should decrease toxicity, and depletion of tubular GSH should enhance toxicity. GSH was added to isolated rabbit renal tubules simultaneously with, 15 min before, and 15 min after the addition of DCVC. The active accumulation of the organic anion para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and organic cation tetraethylammonium bromide (TEA) was used as an index of renal toxicity. Incubation of renal tubules with 0.01-1 mM DCVC for 15 min decreased active transport, with complete inhibition at 1 mM. This was accompanied by a 50% decrease in non-protein sulfhydryl concentration. The addition of GSH (6 mM) simultaneously with DCVC completely prevented any decrease in active transport. The addition of GSH (6 mM) to tubules in which active transport was inhibited by DCVC reversed the inhibition to 80% of control. Similar enhancement of active transport occurred when tubules isolated 1 h after in vivo exposure to DCVC at 20-100 mg kg-1 were incubated with GSH (6 mM). Preincubation of renal tubules with GSH (5-15 mM) made them more refractory to the DCVC-induced decreased PAH and TEA transport. The inhibition of active transport by DCVC is enhanced if the tubular non-protein sulfhydryl is first lowered by diethyl maleate or glycidol. Thus, the tubular GSH concentration appears to be an integral component in regulating the alterations in active transport caused by DCVC. PMID- 6677656 TI - Use of the hamster embryo cell transformation assay to detect metabolic activation of N-2-acetylaminofluorene by intact organ cells. AB - N-2-Acetylaminofluorene (AAF), a potent carcinogen in a variety of animal species and organs, was used to determine the metabolic capabilities of isolated organ cells in transformation as well as biochemical studies. Cells isolated from liver, lung, small intestine, kidney and bladder were compared with hamster embryo fibroblasts (target cells in the transformation studies) and rat mammary fibroblasts in all studies. In addition to studying AAF activation by the cells, we also determined the levels of whole-cell binding. Liver, kidney, small intestine and lung cells from hamsters, and liver, kidney and lung cells from rats showed high levels of AAF metabolism to 2-aminofluorene and N-hydroxy-2 acetylaminofluorene. The highest levels of covalent binding to intact cells were seen with the same cell types. These cells were also effective in activating AAF to a form which transformed hamster embryo cells. Cells isolated from a variety of organs can activate AAF as evidenced by the metabolites which are formed and by the levels of whole cell binding. Furthermore, hamster embryo cells are transformed when co-incubated with a variety of organ cells and AAF. PMID- 6677657 TI - [Birdshot-type chorioretinopathy]. AB - "Birdshot" retinochoroidopathy is an intraocular inflammation described by Ryan and Maumenee in 1980. It is characterized by vitreous changes, retinal vascular leakage, and multiple depigmented spots of the retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris. Clinical, ophthalmoscopic, and angiographic findings of the disease in two cases are reported. in the first case, the immune response to retinal S-antigen and the presence of HLA A and B antigens were studied. In the second case, particular angiographic appearances were noted. Characteristics differentiating this disease from other intraocular inflammations and etiopathogenesis were studied based on clinical, angiographic, electrophysiologic, immune response and HLA antigen findings. The etiopathogenesis has not been elucidated, but the inflammatory nature of these disease allows symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment of macular cystoid oedema, to which may be related the loss of central vision. PMID- 6677658 TI - [Adapto-electroretinographic study of regeneration of the visual pigments in the fauve de Bourgogne and albino rabbit after photobleaching with monochromatic light]. AB - Kinetics of rod pigment regeneration were studied in vivo in Fauve de Bourgogne and Albino rabbits by adapto-electroretinography (AERG). Electroretinography in the rabbit using polychromatic flashes affords the means to dissociate the response of the cones (a-wave, b1-wave: photopic function), from that of the rods (b2-wave scotopic function). After photobeachting, electroretinograms were recorded at two minutes' intervals during dark adaptation of one hour duration. Variations of b2/b1 with time of dark adaptation provide an adapto electroretinogram giving relative measurements of rod pigment concentration at various stages of regeneration. In the present study, photobleaching was provoked by monochromatic light (at 405, 436 and 546 nm) actinometrically controlled. Studies were conducted in two Fauve de Bourgogne and two Albino rabbits. The effect of four doses, varying from 4.10(17) photon.cm-2 to 1.10(19) photon.cm-2, was measured at each wavelength on the AERG in the four rabbits. First order kinetics for rod pigment regeneration were observed, mainly at 546 nm and at high dose levels: overall regeneration rate is apparently controlled by the isomerization step. For Fauve de Bourgogne and Albino rabbits, the regeneration rate depends on the bleaching wavelength and on the dose. At high dose levels and for long wavelengths, delayed recoveries are observed in the Fauve de Bourgogne animals. However, durations of delays are shorter with monochromatic light experiments than with polychromatic light bleaching, at the same dose. Differences of ocular media transmission may be responsible for a faster regeneration process at shorter than at longer wavelengths. PMID- 6677659 TI - [Routine monitoring of patients treated with synthetic antimalarials]. AB - Routine tests of visual acuity, and ocular fundus, angiography, and ERG examinations should be conducted regularly in patients receiving synthetic antimalarial drugs. Toxicity of these compounds is a current problem as 8 out of 81 patients being treated presented symptoms associated with ERG changes or macular lesions, and reduced visual acuity in some cases. There was a lack of correlation between ERG effects and the onset of macular disorders: one patient had marked macular changes and a normal ERG while another had a normal fundus and visual acuity but abolished ERG activity. Identical doses do not always produce the same effect and toxic symptoms have developed after a dosage ranging from 86 to 760 g. This suggests the existence of individual hypersensitivity. PMID- 6677660 TI - [Scanning microscopy study of the corneal epithelium. Relation of various aspects to the lacrimal film]. AB - Cells of the superficial layer of the corneal epithelium demonstrate differences in luminosity on scanning electron microscopy which has led to their classification as clear, intermediate or dark cells, differences attributed to varying amounts of surface microvillosities. Evidence is provided confirming that differences between cells is not due to artefacts during preparation or observation of specimens. On the other hand, this technique cannot demonstrate whether different evolutory stages of the same cell are involved. Scanning microscopy cannot confirm a single evolutory epithelial cell are involved. Scanning microscopy cannot confirm a single evolutory epithelial cell cycle from the position of the cell in relation to adjacent desquamating cells, or the study of the cell nuclei. Nor can a satisfactory response to the problem be supplied by studying mucosubstances deposited by the lacrimal film on the surface of the epithelium, either by optical microscopy or after scanning electron microscopy with or without washing with acetylcysteine. The presence of superficial epithelial cells of different appearances on scanning microscopy must be due to variations in the amount of glycocalix, the mucus film adsorbed onto the cell surface. PMID- 6677661 TI - [Nevus of Ota. Apropos of a bilateral case]. AB - A case of bilateral congenital oculodermal melanocytosis is reported. Ota's naevus is characterized by benign melanosis of the skin of the face in the area supplied by the first (and second) branch of the trigeminal nerve. This is associated with ipsilateral pigmentation of the episclera++, uveal tract, conjonctiva and fundus. The condition is usually unilateral, occurring mainly in the dark races (black races and orientals). Eighty percent of patients are women. It is very rarely potentially malignant, this occurring most frequently in white races and when only ocular (and not oculodermal) melanocytosis is present. PMID- 6677662 TI - [Osseous choristoma of the choroid]. AB - Two patients developed bone choristoma of the choroid, one case being unilateral and the other bilateral. In both cases the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by B scan ultrasonography and computerized axial tomography. Infrared angiography with indocyanin green was carried out on both eyes of the patient with bilateral lesions. The angiogram showed multiple small vessels within the tumor. However, the angiogram with indocyanin green was quite different from the angiogram observed in cavernous choroidal hemangioma. One patient had an associated cleft palate, this being supportive evidence of the hypothesis of a developmental tumor of the choroid. PMID- 6677663 TI - [Symptomatology of glaucomatous papillary cupping]. PMID- 6677664 TI - The geriatric psychiatrist's role as consultant. PMID- 6677665 TI - The final picture in art. PMID- 6677666 TI - Notes on casework with the terminally ill. PMID- 6677667 TI - Psychotherapy of the elderly. PMID- 6677668 TI - Psychotherapy of the elderly. Case #1: Institutionalizing a spouse: who is the client? PMID- 6677670 TI - Psychotherapy of the elderly. Case #3. PMID- 6677671 TI - Psychotherapy of the elderly. Case #4: Psychotherapeutic treatment of functional aphonia in an 84-year-old woman. PMID- 6677669 TI - Psychotherapy of the elderly. Case #2: On meeting Peter Pan. PMID- 6677672 TI - Psychotherapy of the elderly. Case #5: Psychotherapeutic treatment of an elderly widow with severe hypochondriacal and somatic symptomatology. PMID- 6677674 TI - Psychotherapy of the elderly. Case #6. PMID- 6677673 TI - Psychotherapy of the elderly. A miserable old age--what can therapy do? PMID- 6677675 TI - Psychotherapy of the elderly. Case #7. PMID- 6677676 TI - Psychotherapy of the elderly. Case #8. PMID- 6677677 TI - Psychotherapy of the elderly. The life validation approach in psychotherapy with elderly patients. PMID- 6677678 TI - Normal elderly men: a longitudinal study. PMID- 6677679 TI - Sex differences in coping and perceptions of life events. AB - These data illustrate some important methodological considerations about the study of life events and the study of developmental data. As the data on the distribution of life events indicate, when individuals retell their life stories, events are rarely discrete. Psychologically, an event expands to include those predictors that later became apparent and the time taken to put the event into perspective. This calls into question the interpretation given to many life event questionnaires that seek to consider an event within a narrow time framework. Positive and negative events appear to have differential consequences. Our exploration of coping with positive events was an interesting one. Most of our respondents did not perceive that they had a coping task to accomplish when the event was perceived as a positive one. Many of the events reported by our respondents were events in the lives of others. Although this was more often the case for women than for men, interpersonal events and events in which the major impact fell on a family member were quite common in later life. In attempting to understand the impact of sociohistorical events as a context for development, it has often been assumed that overall negative events such as wars and economic depressions will have predominantly negative impacts. Our data suggest that sociohistorical events form the context for events in the family life cycle that happen independently of what is happening in the larger society. Events related to family formation happened against different backgrounds of sociohistorical events. These data also suggest that we look for cohort effects in nonlinear ways that would reflect generational communality of an event. This study also has limits. Our sample was small, and as the respondents had maximum freedom to pick the events to be discussed, we only know that we had a sample of three positive and three negative event contexts. We did not ask individuals 500 many positive and negative events they had during their lives and how the events mentioned fit into that ranking. The interviews were rich in the individuals' perceptions of the important aspects of their lives and indicated a realistic group of persons who had managed to cope reasonably well with the events in their lives. The cohorts in the study are of the age that traditional gender differences are founded on. Looking at the content of the issues to be coped with and the requirements of the situation suggest that life experience is what is predictive of coping skills.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6677681 TI - Two poems. PMID- 6677680 TI - Treatment of the elderly characterologically disturbed patient in the chronic care institution. PMID- 6677682 TI - The mechanisms of permanence time: support for a psychodynamic hypothesis of psychological aging. AB - We often observe in advanced age a degree of obsessionalization in behavior, attitudes, and interests. This phenomenon, seemingly the expression of unconscious defense mechanisms, may be explained in various ways: as a consequence of losses related to aging; as regression in the service of the self; as an expression of the "death instinct." Another level of reflection is concerned with the influence of the perception of time. Confronted by the curtailing of one's expectation of life, the aged person may unconsciously yearn for some kind of permanence, designed to conjure away the effect of passing time. We find such a process underlying rigidity, collecting, or hypochondria, which may be regarded as "mechanisms of permanence." These strategies, although constituting for the aged person a defense intended, in fantasy, to preserve life, in reality constitute a trap that excludes life. PMID- 6677683 TI - Sero-epidemiological survey of measles. PMID- 6677684 TI - Transferable drug resistance amongst salmonellae in India--a preliminary report. PMID- 6677685 TI - Comparison of disc diffusion and agar plate dilution method of antibiotic sensitivity test for Staphylococcus aureus strains. PMID- 6677686 TI - Current epidemiological aspects of cholera in Delhi. PMID- 6677687 TI - Immunoprophylaxis against kala-azar. IVa. Immunization of golden hamsters and Hissar strain albino mice against Leishmania donovani (an exploratory study). PMID- 6677688 TI - Present status of the filariasis problem in India. PMID- 6677689 TI - Morphometrical variations in Anopheles annularis. PMID- 6677690 TI - Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in selected railway colonies of Tamil Nadu. PMID- 6677691 TI - Salmonella aetiology of acute diarrhoea. PMID- 6677692 TI - From sexual identity to sexual relationships: a contextual shift. AB - The article has three major purposes. First, it adumbrates four contexts within which the discourse on sexual identity has been carried on: the historical, bisexual, homosexual, and biological. Within these contexts sexual identity has been conceived in three general forms: the biological, psychological, and socio cultural. The biological form is the most basic since all conceptualizations of sexual identity make the biological sex of partners in sexual relationships the criterial distinction. Second, the article addresses problems that have arisen in each of the contexts: the uncritical use of popular concepts and explanations of sexual identity, the incorporation of unacknowledged moral judgements, and the misapplication of the scientific method. Third, it identifies conceptual, methodological, and moral advantages in redirecting the discourse on sexual identity so that the focus of inquiry is on sexual relationships: (a) The focus is shifted from isolated individuals to their mutual associations. (b) Social scientists could conceive of sexual relationships in other than biological terms or metaphors. (c) The shift would capitalize on the advantages of the psychoanalytic method (the exploration of personally constructed meanings) and symbolic interactionism (the identification of socially constructed meanings) while avoiding the pitfalls of relying on one of these approaches to the exclusion of the other. (d) The shift would allow investigators to view sexual relationships from the vantage point of a morality of individual choice rather than a traditional morality of externally imposed obligation. PMID- 6677693 TI - Vices, gods, and virtues: cosmology as a mediating factor in attitudes toward male homosexuality. AB - Using historical and anthropological evidence, the article examines the relationship of the polytheistic and monotheistic cosmologies and attitudes toward sexuality, in particular, male homosexuality. The polytheistic cosmology included the ideas of the continuity of creation, the generative forces of the universe as a whole, and gender blurring in the realm of the supernatural. In the monotheistic cosmology the godhead (Yahweh) is unborn and does not father any generations, the universe is desexualized, and the conception of gender is rigidified. The author concludes that polytheism created the conditions for a wide variety of sexual expression and sex-role behavior and did not preclude any particular form of sexual activity. In contradistinction, the monotheistic cosmology was highly restrictive of permissible male and female behavior and sexual expression and conduct. Consequently, polytheism was able to embrace the crossing of gender lines and homosexual relationships while monotheism was incapable of making these accommodations. PMID- 6677695 TI - Freud reconsidered: bisexuality, homosexuality, and moral judgement. AB - This article examines methodological problems and unacknowledged moral judgements in Freud's theory of homosexuality. Freud raises the issue of bisexuality in connection with the origins of homosexuality. When critically examined, the theory of bisexuality reduces to a theory of the capacity to be attracted to either females or males, and in that sense explains little about the origin of exclusive homosexual orientation. Freud's further investigations into the origin of homosexuality, strictly speaking, do not provide a clear explanation of sexual exclusivity. Finally, it is argued that Freud's moral assumptions color the nature of his conclusions. At the very least, without morally justifying his procedure, he transforms the course of psychosexual development as determined by psychoanalysis into a moral imperative against which homosexuality is judged a fixated and immature state. PMID- 6677694 TI - The bisexual identity: an idea without social recognition. AB - Theories of sexuality reflect popular notions by treating sexual identity as a simple dichotomy. There is research evidence for the coexistence of homosexual and heterosexual interest and behavior in a significant portion of the population. This paper examines how various conceptualizations of human sexuality have failed to adequately deal with bisexuality. The lack of acknowledgement by both the larger heterosexual society and the emerging lesbian/gay community, and its impact on the individual bisexual is examined by using the sociological concept of marginality. Some of the differences in self-labeling by women and men are noted in the light of social sex-roles. Finally, the implications of society's acceptance of bisexuality for evolving forms of relationships are suggested. PMID- 6677696 TI - The dilemma of essentiality in homosexual theory. AB - A close examination of the literature on homosexuality reveals a long history of definitional crises in which the central consideration has been the maintenance of a belief in homosexuality as a state of being. This paper asks what, if anything, can be considered essential to the homosexual category. To answer this question, various approaches to homosexuality in the literature have been examined: as a general state of being (the person), as a state of desire (sexual orientation), as a form of behavior (sexual acts), and, more recently, as a personal identification (sexual identity). In addition, the interrelationships of these categorizations are explored. PMID- 6677697 TI - Homosexual identity formation as a developmental process. AB - Homosexual identity is conceptualized as a life-spanning developmental process that eventually leads to personal acceptance of a positive gay self-image and a coherent personal identity. Habermas' theory of ego development is utilized to provide a synthesis and understanding of the literature on the construction and maintenance of the homosexual identity. It is concluded that the homosexual identity generally emerges in a three-stage process in which the person progresses from: (1) an egocentric interpretation of homoerotic feelings to (2) an internalization of the normative, conventional assumptions about homosexuality to (3) a post-conventional phase in which societal norms are critically evaluated and the positive gay identity is achieved and managed. Developmental tasks associated with each stage are outlined in terms of their ego-integrative functions. Although the stages in the process of homosexual identity formation are theoretically the same for females and males, because of the paucity of research on the homosexual identity in females, this paper deals chiefly with males. PMID- 6677699 TI - [Study of bladder tumors using ultrasonics]. AB - The authors used ultrasound to evaluate bladder tumours, both in their detection and in the assessment of their stage. 105 bladder tumours were studied in this way. Provided the tumour is larger than 1 cm, all of the bladder tumours can be discovered on a well performed ultrasound. This investigation also enables an evaluation of the morphology of the tumour, its base of implantation, its site and its size. All of these tumours were resected either via the transurethral approach or by cystectomy (19 cases), so that a comparison could be made between the histological findings and the ultrasound findings. Of the 55 stage I tumours, ultrasound had provided an accurate diagnosis in 48 cases (87.2%). 7 tumours were incorrectly classified as being T2; that is, over-estimated. Of the 22 patients with stage T2 tumours, the ultrasound diagnosis was correct in 15 cases (68%) with 2 under-estimations and 5 over-estimations (considered as being T3). Of the 28 patients with T3 tumours, the ultrasound diagnosis was correct in 25 cases (89.2%) with only three under-estimations as T2. In general, the authors found that ultrasound had a 92.3% reliability in distinguishing between the 2 main types of tumour: the infiltrating and the non infiltrating. This degree of reliability is superior to all other methods. With trans-abdominal ultrasound, the authors obtained degrees of reliability comparable to those of other authors using endo-cavitary ultrasound. PMID- 6677700 TI - [Lymphography and lymph node excision in bladder cancer. Apropos of a series]. AB - The authors reviewed a series of 100 consecutive total cystectomies for carcinoma of the bladder, 78 with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection and 43 with preoperative lymphography, attempting to determine the reliability of lymphography, to quantify the risk of lymphadenectomy and to assess the usefulness of lymphadenectomy when the nodes are involved. Routine reading of lymphography was associated with a level of accuracy of 68.7% an error rate of 10.8% and a level of uncertainty of 20.5%. Evaluating the results by number of patients rather than by the number of sides opacified by lymphography, the score was even lower: accuracy 60.5%, error 13.2%, doubt 26.3%. Strictly reviewing those cases where all necessary information was present in the record, initial routine reading of lymphographies gave 58% accuracy, 14% error, and 28% doubtful. Retrospective reading by one radiologist only gave much better results, but these did not correspond with the results obtained in everyday routine work. The number of complications related to lymphadenectomy appeared slight: amongst 78 operations, one lymphocoele, two cases of prolonged lymphatic discharge and three cases of oedema of the lower limbs. Of 14 patients with involved nodes, only three are living without recurrence and with follow-up periods which are as yet too short. All patients with involvement extending above the common iliac bifurcation died within a short time, as did all those with prostatic involvement. Comparing the data from their own series and the literature, the authors came to the following conclusions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6677698 TI - [Closed traumatic ruptures of the normal upper urinary tract]. AB - In the context of urinary tract trauma, closed rupture of the upper urinary tract is rare, although not exceptional. It usually occurs in the region of the pyelo ureteric junction and more often on the right side. It is more common in children, especially in boys. The diagnosis is often delayed and only made after the appearance of a urinary pseudocyst. The diagnosis depends on intravenous pyelography, ultrasound and retrograde uretero-pyelography, which should only be performed immediately prior to the operation. In the great majority of cases, the urinary tract can be simply repaired by a uretero-ureteral or ureteropyelic anastomosis, or more rarely, a ureterocalyceal anastomosis. The indications for autotransplantation are exceptional and are essentially based on the associated lesions, especially of the renal vascular pedicle. The results are very encouraging; a review of the literature reveals 64 cases of ruptured upper urinary tract whose outcome was able to be followed: 10 nephrectomies (only 3 followed failure of attempted reparative surgery) and 54 salvaged kidneys. Great progress has been made since Bienayme's report in 1962 of 40 cases in which he found only 4 successful repairs. PMID- 6677701 TI - [Clinical and histological study of 25 cases of hydronephrosis caused by primary stenosis of the pyeloureteral junction]. AB - The authors report 25 cases of primary stenosis of the pyelo-ureteric junction (PUJ) in terms of their clinical and histological features. Based on a semi quantitative study of the histological modifications, the authors attempt to determine whether these modifications are primary and therefore responsible for the stenosis of the PUJ or wether, on the contrary, these changes are secondary to the stenosis. After studying 25 children and adults, it appears that these histological signs are primary and responsible for the malformation: rarefaction of the muscle layers (24 cases out of 25), fibrosis of the sub-mucosa or intermuscular layer in every case, presence of valvular mucosal folds in every case but one. PMID- 6677702 TI - [Urinary tract infection in patients with calculi]. AB - The authors review a series of 2,475 cases of patients operated for renal calculi and select 843 files in which the bacteriological study was performed. E. coli is the most common organism (29.8%) compared with Proteus which infects 21% of patients. 71.5% of the patients were infected. Bilateral calculi are the most heavily infected. Kidneys containing calculi which were subjected to a complex operation involving the parenchyma (nephrotomies) were the most difficult to disinfect, even in the absence of recurrence. Conversely, in the absence of recurrence, simple operations (pyelotomy, partial nephrectomy) provide disinfection in the majority of cases. In the authors' series, E. coli remains the organism most frequently encountered, even in cases of recurrence. Proteus and Pyocyanicus are the most difficult organisms to eradicate. PMID- 6677703 TI - [Clarification of the ultrasound features of benign kidney tumors. Apropos of 10 cases]. AB - Benign tumours of the kidney are rare conditions; their pre-operative diagnosis is of great importance, as in many cases it avoids the need for a total or even extended nephrectomy. The authors report 10 cases of benign renal tumours, which were explored by ultrasound and confirmed: an adenoma, a haemangiopericytoma, 4 angiomyolipomas, 2 oncocytomas and 2 multilocular cysts. The ultrasound appearance of these tumours does not seem to be specific. The angiomyolipoma only had a typical appearance in two cases, while the other two cases had an appearance no different from an adenocarcinoma or from another benign tumour. PMID- 6677704 TI - [Malignant tumorous urogenital fistula. Apropos of 19 cases]. AB - Malignant tumors were responsible for 19 cases of urogenital fistula, including 10 ureterovaginal and 9 vesicovaginal fistulae, treated between 1974 and 1982. Details of the cases are reviewed and the therapeutic attitude to adopt towards urogenital fistulae of malignant tumor origin discussed. Recommended steps are: repeat plastic surgery as soon as possible after the postoperative appearance of the fistula, conservation of the kidney for as long as possible, and small intestine replacement of the ureter in selected cases. External as compared with internal urinary shunts are preferred in cases of advanced lesions with renal failure, tumor recurrence, or cobalt therapy. Cutaneous ureterostomy in Y with a single median or right lateral skin opening appears to be an excellent bypass procedure enabling a left colostomy to be performed, either primarily or secondary in case of rectal invasion. PMID- 6677706 TI - [5 years' experience with revascularization of the corpus cavernosum by a new microsurgical technic in the treatment of vascular sexual impotence]. AB - Treatment of 138 patients with sexual impotence of vascular origin involved revascularization of the dorsal and/or cavernous arteries of the penis by means of a venous auto or homograft branched on the external iliac or femoral arteries. Arteries requiring revascularization can be clearly detected by peroperative arteriography. Two or three shunts are usually necessary. The branches of the venous graft are firstly anastomosed microsurgically (under a 25 to 30 magnification) to the dorsal and/or cavernous arteries of the penis after their microsurgical dissection. The origin of the graft is then joined to the femoral or terminal iliac arteries. Results were generally excellent and there were very few complications: thrombosis during the first 30 postoperative days in 9 cases, hemorrhage in only one case during the last 3 years, frequent but rapidly regressing edema of the foreskin, and obturation of the shunt after the first month (between the 6th and 32nd months) in 4 patients. Postoperative priapism was never noted. This technique, in contrast to that employing direct implantation of the epigastric arteries into the corpus cavernosum, ensures the return of normal physiological erections. Follow-up after a minimum of 6 months showed that recovery was total in 78.6%, the condition being made worse in only 8.8%. PMID- 6677705 TI - [Bladder accommodation disorders in children with posterior urethral valves]. AB - On the basis of 8 special cases, the authors draw attention to the role of pathology of the bladder itself in the aetiogenesis of residual dilatations of the upper urinary tract after endoscopic treatment of posterior urethral valves. This pathology is dominated by impaired accommodation of the bladder with hypertonicity during filling. It is a second bladder disease, residual after section of the valve. The diagnosis may be made on the basis of two arguments: - narrowing of the upper tract when the bladder is kept permanently drained (in the absence of any vesico-ureteral reflux); --data from urodynamic examination (confirming the absence of any residual obstructive pathology in the cervico urethral canal). The effects upon the upper urinary tract of this impaired vesical accommodation may be demonstrated by simultaneous urodynamic studies of the upper and lower urinary tract, but in practice urography findings (comparison between full bladder and empty bladder) and those of urodynamics are sufficient to make the diagnosis. It is thus possible to avoid an erroneous diagnosis of primary obstruction of the terminal ureter or of residual cervico-urethral obstructive pathology. This in turn avoids useless and dangerous ureterovesical reimplantations, endoscopic procedures involving the bladder neck or so-called residual valve tissue which no longer exists. Therapeutic approaches are reviewed. The respective roles of urinary bypass and of enterocystoplasty have not yet been clearly defined. PMID- 6677707 TI - [Persistent gluteal pain after embolization of the hypogastric arteries. An unexpected complication]. AB - Ligation or embolization of the hypogastric arteries for control of intractable hemorrhage from the bladder has been used in the past with equal results and without ill effect. Gluteal pain following hypogastric embolization is common and was reported to be resolved in less than 48 hours. A 57 year old man in our ward underwent a bilateral hypogastric embolization. The bleeding decreased considerably but a severe gluteal pain and claudication ensued. The pain persisted over a month necessitating frequent Morphine injections. We propose to use superselective catheterization technique in the future sparing the superior gluteal artery. PMID- 6677708 TI - [Interdependence between hormonal disorders, stage of development and degree of malignancy of prostatic cancer. 1]. AB - The aim of this study was to determine whether in human clinical practice destruction of the prostate gland by a malignant process is accompanied by a fall in serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels. Mean serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels were significantly lower and LH levels notably higher in patients with metastases than in those without metastases. No notable differences were found between serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels in relation to the degree of malignancy of the tumours. Concentrations of relatively inactive androgens (DHA and delta-4-androstenedione) in the serum were normal. The fall in serum concentration levels with later increase in LH levels is probably caused by malignant destruction of the prostate gland. PMID- 6677709 TI - Design procedure for a high resolution electron microscope objective lens. PMID- 6677710 TI - Ultrastructure of growing epiphyseal cartilage processed by rapid freezing and freeze-substitution. PMID- 6677711 TI - A three-dimensional study of the embryonic development and postnatal maturation of rat duodenal villi. PMID- 6677712 TI - Electron microscopy of whole mounted culture cells extracted with saponin. PMID- 6677715 TI - [Studies on pyridinol derivatives. X. Synthesis and pharmacological activity of 4 acyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,2-b]-1,4-oxazine derivatives]. PMID- 6677714 TI - Antibacterial activity studies of flavonoids from Salvia palaestina. AB - Ten aglycones and six glycosides of luteolin and apigenin were identified from the leaves of Salvia palaestina Bentham (Labiatae). Among them cirsimaritin showed a high activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the others have little or no activity against the same bacterial strains. PMID- 6677713 TI - Assay method for antihepatotoxic activity using galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in primary-cultured hepatocytes. AB - Conditions were investigated to devise an in vitro assay method for antihepatotoxic activity using galactosamine-produced injury in primary-cultured mouse and rat liver cells. Employing 1.5-h preincubated hepatocytes prepared from rats, which were much more sensitive to the hepatotoxin, a satisfactory assay procedure was achieved. Some natural products known to exert liver-protective effects in vivo were subjected to screening by this in vitro assay method to reveal that cynarin, desoxypodophyllotoxin, glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhizin, picroside II, and silybin possessed significant antihepatotoxic activity. The described assay method may be useful for primary screening of antihepatotoxic activity of materials of plant origin. The assay method has a number of advantages including the ability to dispose numerous samples at one time at a low cost, the requirement of small sample sizes, little variation, and good reproducibility of results. PMID- 6677716 TI - [beta-Glucuronidase inhibitor in Chinese medicinal prescription "Inchinko-to"]. PMID- 6677717 TI - [Pharmacological study on Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. I. Effects of red ginseng on the experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 6677718 TI - [Plant lectin-dependent polymorphonuclear leukocyte-mediated cytolysis]. PMID- 6677719 TI - [Effect of free fatty acids on renal clearance of chlorpropamide in rabbits]. PMID- 6677720 TI - [Quantitative determination of tiquizium bromide in human serum and urine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6677721 TI - [High-performance liquid chromatography for determination of adenosine-5' triphosphate in biological materials]. PMID- 6677722 TI - [Clinical significance of the panic values in emergency clinical tests--BUN]. PMID- 6677723 TI - [Clinical significance of the panic values in emergency laboratory tests- bilirubin]. PMID- 6677724 TI - [Clinical significance of the panic values in emergency laboratory tests- definition of the panic values]. PMID- 6677725 TI - [Clinical significance of the panic values in emergency laboratory tests--the panic values in bacteriological and serological tests]. PMID- 6677726 TI - [Clinical significance of the panic values in emergency laboratory tests- compatibility tests for blood transfusion]. PMID- 6677727 TI - [Clinical significance of the panic values in emergency laboratory tests--urine examination]. PMID- 6677728 TI - [Clinical significance of the panic values in emergency laboratory tests--ECG]. PMID- 6677729 TI - [Analytical histocytochemistry by multiparametric cytofluorometry--analysis of malignant and benign cells]. PMID- 6677730 TI - [Cytodiagnosis and biopsy: cytodiagnosis from the pathological viewpoint]. PMID- 6677731 TI - [Clinical significance of the panic values in emergency clinical tests- electrolytes]. PMID- 6677732 TI - [A substance resembling tricarboxylic porphyrin in the urine of rabbits with experimentally induced lead poisoning]. PMID- 6677733 TI - [A study of the characteristics of trace elements in the hair of Japanese. Reference values and element patterns for determining normal levels]. PMID- 6677734 TI - [Basic studies of environmental monitoring using Lemna paucicostata. Heavy metal absorption and action]. PMID- 6677735 TI - [The relationship between body sway and human foot placement angle]. PMID- 6677736 TI - [Stimulation of glucose transport and metabolism in rat adipocytes induced by trace metals]. PMID- 6677737 TI - [The formation of trihalomethanes precursor in anionic surfactant biodegradation]. PMID- 6677738 TI - Removal by adsorption of hydrogen sulfide by a new type of activated carbon containing nitrogen. PMID- 6677739 TI - [Principles of mass transfer]. PMID- 6677740 TI - [Modern concept of the system control]. PMID- 6677741 TI - [Material design for artificial organs]. PMID- 6677742 TI - [Artificial organs and the concepts of normalcy and health]. PMID- 6677743 TI - [Current status and problems of artificial organs. 1. Artificial kidney]. PMID- 6677744 TI - [Current status and problems of artificial organs. 6. Cardiac valve prosthesis]. PMID- 6677745 TI - [Foreign developments in artificial organs. 1. Utah University]. PMID- 6677746 TI - [Foreign developments in artificial organs. 2. Cleveland Clinic Foundation]. PMID- 6677747 TI - [Application of HLA test plate on paternity testing]. PMID- 6677748 TI - [Analysis of crossed immunoelectrophoretic and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of human seminal plasma. Forensic immunological studies of body fluids and secretion, report XXI]. PMID- 6677749 TI - [Synthesis of isohemagglutinins in cervical mucus by the immunogenic stimulation of seminal blood group substances]. PMID- 6677750 TI - [Studies on the detection method of planktons contained chlorophyll by fluorescence]. PMID- 6677751 TI - [Relationship between methamphetamine toxicity and catecholamine levels in heart and brain of mice]. PMID- 6677752 TI - [Effect of ethanol on methanol intoxication. II. Effect of ethanol on blood formic acid in rabbit administered with methanol]. PMID- 6677753 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of sulpyrine in blood and the effect of ethanol intake on the sulpyrine level in rabbit blood]. PMID- 6677755 TI - [Application of roentgenography to medicolegal diagnosis. II. A piece of a human finger]. PMID- 6677756 TI - [An autopsied case of head injury with acute tubular necrosis]. PMID- 6677754 TI - [Analysis of acute poisoning patients admitted to Critical Care Medical Center, Nippon Medical School during the past 7 years]. PMID- 6677757 TI - [Report of the study group on blood protein variations and its medico-legal application]. PMID- 6677758 TI - [Immunoelectron microscopic studies on the human specific and MN specific active sites of red cell membranes. Forensic immunological studies on human specificity, report XIII]. PMID- 6677759 TI - Genetic polymorphism of red cell enzymes in Yamanashi Prefecture. PMID- 6677760 TI - Comparison of processes of death by heat and cold in rabbits. PMID- 6677761 TI - [Superior cornal defect of thyroid cartilage. Its clinical and medicolegal significance]. PMID- 6677762 TI - Enzymic fluorometry of spermine in seminal fluid. PMID- 6677763 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of methemoglobin concentration. PMID- 6677764 TI - [Use of Sep Pak Cartridge for carbamate pesticide extraction-- gas chromatographic determination of methomyl in serum and urine using a rapid Sep Pak Cartridge extraction]. PMID- 6677765 TI - [An industrial accidental death due to Freon 113 poisoning. Toxicological analysis of its cause of death]. PMID- 6677766 TI - [Reports of medico-legal data from the mass-investigation performed by the Medico Legal Society of Japan (IX). Autopsy cases of therapeutic complications]. PMID- 6677767 TI - [An autopsy case of pulmonary asbestosis complicated with secondary bronchitis and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6677768 TI - [A case of Wegener's granulomatosis with marked subglottic tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 6677769 TI - [A case of Weber-christian disease with multiple shadows on chest X-ray]. PMID- 6677770 TI - [Some problems related to respiratory failure]. PMID- 6677771 TI - [Macrophages in pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 6677772 TI - [Analysis of bronchial and alveolar secretions]. PMID- 6677773 TI - [Immunological significance of respiratory secretion]. PMID- 6677774 TI - [The multiple compartment analysis of N2 washout curve]. PMID- 6677775 TI - [Clinical studies on heparin therapy of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6677776 TI - [Peripheral airway lesions in interstitial lung diseases]. PMID- 6677777 TI - [A study on Fc-receptor activity of pulmonary alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6677778 TI - [Computed tomography of asbestos-related pleural thickening]. PMID- 6677779 TI - [Easily changeable intra-alveolar edema by postural positions]. PMID- 6677780 TI - [Significance of pleural stress pressure with regard to accumulation of pleural liquid in pleural space]. PMID- 6677781 TI - [The effects of nocturnal hypoxia on pulmonary hemodynamics]. PMID- 6677782 TI - [A case of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia accompanied with skin eruption, generalized lymph adenopathy, polyclonal hypergamma-globulinemia and hepatosplenomegaly]. PMID- 6677783 TI - [A case of interstitial pneumonitis due to hard metal (stellite)]. PMID- 6677784 TI - [Two cases of pulmonary pseudolymphoma]. PMID- 6677785 TI - [A case of pulmonary sarcoidosis with advanced fibrosis, multiple giant bullae, and pneumothorax]. PMID- 6677787 TI - [Intrathoracic spleen secondary to non-penetrating traumatic rupture of the diaphragm]. PMID- 6677786 TI - [A case report of diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma combined with follicular thyroid carcinoma, and a biochemical study on its glycosaminoglycans]. PMID- 6677788 TI - [Combination therapy of transurethral resection (TUR) and radiotherapy in advanced bladder cancer]. PMID- 6677789 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism: experience with 24 cases]. PMID- 6677791 TI - [Radiation therapy for prostatic cancer. Computer controlled conformation radiotherapy]. PMID- 6677790 TI - [Effect of reduced glutathione on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder cancer in rats]. PMID- 6677792 TI - [Histological evaluation of renal cell carcinoma. II. Histopathological features affecting prognosis]. PMID- 6677793 TI - [Clinical studies on serum lipids in the patients with tumor of the prostate gland. 3rd report: changes of serum lipid peroxide levels during estrogen therapy for prostatic cancer and therapeutic and preventive effect of riboflavin tetrabutylate for hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 6677794 TI - [Studies on male sexual impotence. Report 15. Treatment of erectile impotence by implantation of Shirai's silicone penile prosthesis]. PMID- 6677795 TI - [Renal cell carcinoma with contralateral adrenal metastasis]. PMID- 6677796 TI - [A case of mesonephric adenocarcinoma arising from the Gartner's duct cyst]. PMID- 6677797 TI - [Hypospadia and incomplete penoscrotal transposition in a boy with the partial deletion of the long arm of the Y chromosome]. PMID- 6677798 TI - [Three cases of sarcomatoid renal adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 6677799 TI - Prevention in boxing. PMID- 6677800 TI - Abnormal ECG findings and heart function examined by non-invasive methods in a group of athletes. PMID- 6677801 TI - Effect of 15-minute bicycle work load on static and kinetic visual acuities. PMID- 6677802 TI - Origin of the plasmatic L.D.H. during physical exercise. PMID- 6677803 TI - Metabolic modifications caused by sport activity: effect in leisure-time cross country skiers. PMID- 6677804 TI - Optimization mechanisms of cardiorespiration system at maximal exercise in athletes. PMID- 6677805 TI - Relationships between body composition, leg strength and maximal alactacid anaerobic power in trained subjects. PMID- 6677806 TI - Orthetic experiences in sportsmen's metatarsalgias. PMID- 6677807 TI - The effect of taping on ankle mobility following moderate exercise. PMID- 6677808 TI - Tennis foot drop. PMID- 6677809 TI - Comparison of 3 protocols of determination of direct VO2max amongst 12 sportsmen. PMID- 6677810 TI - Physiological and perceptual responses of women to equivalent power outputs on the bicycle ergometer and treadmill. PMID- 6677811 TI - Anaerobic threshold alterations caused by endurance training in young children. PMID- 6677812 TI - Prognostic evaluation of conduction disturbances in athletes: a five years experience with non-invasive and invasive procedures. PMID- 6677813 TI - Vitamin E and athletic performance. PMID- 6677814 TI - A multidisciplinary overview of intoxicating enema rituals in the western hemisphere. PMID- 6677816 TI - The ethnobotany of chamairo: Mussatia hyacinthina. AB - Recent fieldwork in the eastern lowlands of Bolivia and Peru has revealed a traditional use of coca (Erythroxylum coca Lam.) as a medicine and stimulant that is distinct from the well-documented customs of the Northwest Amazon and the Andean highlands. In Bolivia some nine indigenous tribes centered mainly in the Rio Beni drainage masticate entire sun-dried coca leaves, yet use as an alkaline additive the crude ash of the spathe or leafbase of the motacu palm (Scheelea princeps (Mart.) Karst.). To the quid they add a piece of the bark of the bignoniaceous liana chamairo (Mussatia sp.), which markedly sweetens the chew. In the montana of Peru, the liana is also used and a new species is reported from the upper Apurimac river. The ethnobotany of chamairo throughout its range is examined and the need for pharmacological screening is emphasised. PMID- 6677815 TI - The African Strychnos species and their alkaloids: a review. AB - A review of the phytochemistry of African Strychnos species and the biological activities of some species as well as of some individual alkaloids isolated from them is presented. Although pharmacological studies of 48 species showed that muscle-relaxant and/or convulsant properties were generally present, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and hypotensive properties among others have also been demonstrated by some of the species and/or alkaloids. PMID- 6677817 TI - Inventory of plants used in traditional medicine in Tanzania. Part III. Plants of the families Papilionaceae-Vitaceae. AB - Forty-six plants are listed, which are used by traditional healers in the northeastern part of Tanzania. For each species are given: the botanical name with synonyms; vernacular name; collection number; locality; habitus; approximate distribution and medical use. Results of a literature survey are also reported, including medical use, isolated constituents and pharmacological effects. PMID- 6677819 TI - The ethnomedicine of the Waorani of Amazonian Ecuador. AB - The Waorani Indians of eastern Ecuador are one of the least acculturated tribes in South America and hence provide a unique opportunity for studying the role of medicinal plants in an isolated Amazonian people. Biomedical studies conducted by a team from Stanford and Duke Universities have revealed a surprising dearth of endemic disease among recently contacted Waorani. An intensive ethnobotanical study in the spring of 1980 found a perspicacious knowledge of ethno-ecology among all adult Waorani, but discovered relatively few medicinal plants. Partial results of this survey and a discussion of Waorani disease concepts are presented. The implications in terms of the origin of plant medicines among indigenous peoples are discussed. Are the Waorani unique because of their isolation or do they represent a pattern of medicinal plant use closer to the aboriginal situation before the impact of Western disease? The conclusions challenge the orthodox view of the native and the origins of his prodigious knowledge of medicinal botany. PMID- 6677818 TI - Physiological effects of cabbage with reference to its potential as a dietary cancer-inhibitor and its use in ancient medicine. AB - Interest in the potential of cabbage and other Brassica species as possible dietary cancer-inhibitors has been expressed. Preliminary data in support of this include the following: dietary cabbage has been reported to enhance the aromatic hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) microsomal enzyme system and increase the rate of metabolism of certain drugs and carcinogens and to affect chemically-induced tumor formation. Bacterial studies also indicate that cabbage has demutagenic activity in the Ames assay. Cabbage has also been reported to have a protective effect against radiation exposure. In addition, cabbage has been shown to have a variable ability to induce goiter formation in otherwise healthy laboratory animals. Other effects discussed in the literature include an affect on blood sugar, gastric secretion and antibacterial activity. Reference is made to claims found in ancient herbal literature regarding cabbage's alleged therapeutic benefit in putatively cancerous conditions. PMID- 6677820 TI - Some pharmacological, toxicological and phytochemical investigations on Centaurea phyllocephala. AB - Centaurea phyllocephala Boiss. has been used in folkloric medicine as an antidiabetic agent. Present investigations on various extracts of C. phyllocephala revealed that basal plasma glucose concentration and plasma glucose response to glucose load were either elevated or unchanged by the i.v. administration of these extracts in anaesthetized rats or by i.p. or oral administration of the extracts in conscious rats. The predominant effect of C. phyllocephala is the toxicity in rats and mice and this indicates the presence of some toxic or active compounds which merit phytochemical isolation. Further, C. phyllocephala extracts also caused either an initial brief hypotension followed by a delayed hypertension or produced no changes when injected i.v. in the rats. The hypotensive effect was inhibited by atropine whereas the hypertensive effect was prevented by phentolamine or guanethidine but not by hexamethonium. The alcoholic extract also induced an initial brief negative inotropic effect, followed by delayed prolonged positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects on the spontaneous inotropic and negative chronotropic effects on the spontaneous contractions of the guinea pig right atrium. The initial depressing effect and the delayed positive inotropic effect were inhibited by pretreatment with atropine. The extract of C. phyllocephala also produced a contractile activity on guinea pig ileum strips and this could be prevented by atropine. No significant diuretic effect was produced by the extract. Phytochemical screening revealed that C. phyllocephala contains tertiary and quaternary alkaloids, sesquiterpene lactones, methylated flavones and their glycosides, as well as leuco- and proanthocyanidines. Further studies on sesquiterpene lactones and methylated flavones resulted in the isolation of lactones with alpha-methylene gamma-lactone and methylene side chain on the cyclopentyl ring as well as of four methylated flavones (hispidulin, nepetin, cirsiliol, jaceosidin) structurally closely related to the cytotoxic flavonoids of other Compositae plants. PMID- 6677821 TI - A new medicinal plant from Amazonian Ecuador. AB - Dalbergaria tessmanii, a shrub of the Gesneriaceae locally abundant in the tropical forests of Ecuador, is variously ethnomedicinally employed. For example, none of several Shuar (Jivaro) herbal healers know or use it, but the one Shuar Shaman consulted extols its importance in reducing vaginal bleeding. Although Mestizo native consultants from the provincial capital of Morona-Santiago report its use in alleviating heart problems, those from Pastaza Province employ it to reduce menstrual flow. The Lowland Quechua apparently use it for this purpose as well. This plant has apparently not yet been chemically examined. Its reported use in several different cultural context suggest that it should be phytochemically investigated. PMID- 6677822 TI - Hispano-Indian trade of an Indian ceremonial plant, peyote (Lophophohora williamsii), on the Mustang Plains of Texas. PMID- 6677823 TI - Vindication of Maritime Indian herbal remedies. PMID- 6677824 TI - New wines and beers of native North America. PMID- 6677825 TI - Preliminary phytochemical studies of Combretodendron macrocarpum (P. Beauv) Keay with reference to its hypotensive principles. PMID- 6677826 TI - Carrageen: a local habitation or a name? PMID- 6677828 TI - Visual feedback of intonation I: Effectiveness and induced practice behavior. PMID- 6677827 TI - The use of threats in children's discourse. PMID- 6677829 TI - Speaking fundamental frequency: some physical and social correlates. PMID- 6677830 TI - The perceptual center and rhythm categories. PMID- 6677831 TI - Pre-lexical phonological recoding becomes automatic with stimulus repetitions. PMID- 6677832 TI - Replication of hog cholera virus in porcine alveolar macrophage cultures. AB - Eight hog cholera viral strains were tested for virulence for pigs and ability to replicate in porcine alveolar macrophage cultures. Of them, five were virulent and replicated well in the macrophage culture. The other three were avirulent and grew less remarkably in this culture than them. It was suggested that the ability of the hog cholera viral strains to replicate in porcine macrophages might be correlated with their virulence. PMID- 6677833 TI - Distribution of chicken anemia agent (CAA) and detection of neutralizing antibody in chicks experimentally inoculated with CAA. AB - When chicks were inoculated experimentally with chicken anemia agent (CAA) at 1 day of age, CAA was consistently recovered from all the organs, including the brain, up to 28 days postinoculation (PI). It was recovered from the brain and rectal contents even 49 days PI, when the experiment was finished. In chicks inoculated with CAA at 28 or 42 days of age, CAA was also proved to multiply in all the organs, except the brain. It disappeared from these chicks earlier than from the chicks inoculated at 1 day of age. Neutralizing antibody against CAA began to be detected 21 days PI in the chicks inoculated at 1 day of age, and 7 days PI in the chicks inoculated at 28 or 42 days of age. PMID- 6677834 TI - A study on heifer mastitis in Japan and its causative microorganisms. AB - Survey and bacteriological examination were conducted on heifer mastitis in Hokkaido, the northern island of Japan over a period from 1976 to 1981. The disease occurred in heifers, mostly 13 to 18 months old, less than a half of which was pregnant in late summer or in August and September. Infection occurred predominantly in a front quarter than a rear one. Some microorganisms were isolated by the CO2 gas jet method from all the 74 secretions from the affected quarters of 67 heifers. Actinomyces pyogenes ( Corynebacterium pyogenes) was isolated from 49 secretions (66.2%), forty-six of which were involved in mixed infection with other microorganisms, including Peptococcus indolicus that was found in 41 secretions. Streptococcus dysgalactiae was isolated from 13 secretions, from nine of which were obtained pure cultures. The microorganisms harbored in secretion were much more closely associated simultaneously with A. pyogenes and P. indolicus than with A. pyogenes alone or a combination of A. pyogenes and any other microorganism than P. indolicus . This is the first report that P. indolicus was isolated from heifer mastitis in Japan. The "score" used for the expression of quality of milk secretion seemed to be useful for the clinical diagnosis of heifer mastitis. The disease in Hokkaido may be etiologically identical with summer mastitis found in the northern European countries. PMID- 6677835 TI - Five new species of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from West Malaysia. AB - Five new species, Culicoides cheahi , C. cameronensis , C. perakensis , C. jefferyi and C. fadzili , were described in West Malaysia. They were added to many new candidates for species of the genus Culicoides to be published by Wirth and Hubert from that country, as a part of Southeast Asia, in near future. PMID- 6677836 TI - Experimental egg transmission of chicken anemia agent. AB - When inoculated with chicken anemia agent (CAA) via the yolk sac at 6 days of age, chick embryos could develop normally into chicks. All the chicks hatched suffered from anemia and died at 10 to 15 days of age with bone marrow aplasia. Specific pathogen free laying hens were inoculated with CAA, and eggs were collected from them over a period from 1 to 28 days after inoculation. Two of 67 chicks hatched from the eggs revealed anemia at 14 days of age. CAA was recovered from 3 of 40 chicks. From the results, a possibility of egg transmission of CAA from dams to their progeny was experimentally suggested. PMID- 6677837 TI - The pathology of idiopathic midline destructive disease (IMDD) in the eyelid. AB - Subcutaneous eyelid and brow nodules were noted in a 25-year-old man who, at the age of 14 years, had developed the central facial and upper airway necrosis characteristic of idiopathic midline destructive disease (IMDD). One large nodule was located near the lateral canthus rather than a midline position. Insofar as we know, this report would constitute the first evidence of IMDD in the eyelids and brow in the absence of orbital disease. PMID- 6677838 TI - Discoid lupus erythematosus of the eyelids. AB - Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic skin disease that may affect the eyelids. Unless suspected, these lid lesions may resemble chronic blepharitis and persist for years. We present the clinicopathologic features of DLE from the lids of seven patients, electron microscopic features of one case, and a review of 31 previously reported cases. PMID- 6677839 TI - A Merkel cell tumor of the eyelid. AB - The Merkel cell is a distinctive nondendritic, nonkeratinocytic, epithelial clear cell believed to migrate from the neural crest to the epidermis and dermis, which is usually located in or near the basal layer of the epidermis and associated with nerve terminations. Merkel first described these cells in 1875 as "Tastzellen" occurring in the snout of a mole. They are believed to function as slowly adapting mechanoreceptors that mediate the sense of touch. Tumors arising from Merkel cells have been reported to occur on the head and neck area, the trunk, arms, and legs, and resemble a primary cutaneous lymphoma or cutaneous metastasis of a lymphoma or a carcinoma. Electron microscopy, to locate the characteristic membrane-bound, dense core neurosecretory granules, is needed for accurate diagnosis. These tumors must be treated aggressively to minimize the chance of local recurrence and nodal or visceral metastases. The authors present a case of Merkel cell tumor occurring on the eyelid. The clinical history, light and electron microscopic findings are shown. PMID- 6677840 TI - Benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (neurofibromas) of the lacrimal gland. AB - Two patients, a 43-year-old woman and a 62-year-old man, developed benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (neurofibromas) of the lacrimal gland, in the former case of the deep orbital lobe, and in the latter of the palpebral lobe. A neurogenic tumor was not seriously considered clinically in either case, because of the paucity of previous reports on the occurrence of neural tumors in the lacrimal fossa region. Instead, in the first case a benign mixed tumor was considered the most likely clinical diagnosis, whereas in the second the coexistence of a swelling in the parotid gland raised the possibilities of a lymphoid tumor or a leukemia. Due to unusual light microscopic features, transmission electron microscopy was required to secure unequivocal diagnoses. In the orbital lobe tumor, an encapsulated spindle cell proliferation without nuclear palisading but with focal areas of myxoid change suggested either a cellular benign mixed tumor or a schwannoma. The palpebral lobe lesion displayed a myxoid spindle cell proliferation that had splayed apart the ducts and acinae of the lacrimal gland, to impart the overall appearance of a benign mixed tumor. The ducts, however, were multilaminar rather than possessing the usual double cellular layer seen in classical benign mixed tumors, and the glandular units contained zymogen granules, which are typically not seen in benign mixed tumors. Electron microscopy disclosed in both lesions the presence of interrupted basement membrane material partially surrounding the tumor cells, long spacing collagen (banded basement membrane material), and poorly developed desmosomes, features compatible with a neural tumor. Neither myofilaments, tonofilaments, nor ductal-type granules sometimes observed in benign mixed tumors were discovered. The tumor cells in these cases therefore failed to demonstrate clear-cut Schwann cell characteristics (eg, continuous basement membranes, pseudo-mesaxons, tangles of cell processes), and more closely resembled perineural cells that have been described in ultrastructural studies of peripheral nerve tumors including neurofibromas of other sites. PMID- 6677841 TI - Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor) of the orbit. AB - The endodermal sinus tumor is a malignant germ cell neoplasm that usually arises in gonads, but on rare occasion occurs in extragonadal locations. Five tumors of the orbit, which by light microscopy displayed features characteristic of gonadal endodermal sinus tumor, were tested for the presence of alpha fetoprotein using paraffin-embedded tissue and an immunoperoxidase technique. Each tumor contained intracytoplasmic alpha fetoprotein. Review of the clinical histories revealed that orbital endodermal sinus tumors differ from other extragonadal endodermal sinus tumors in that they occur at a younger age and when treated aggressively can result in long-term survival. In children with rapidly progressive proptosis the distinction between endodermal sinus tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma poses diagnostic difficulties for both the clinician and the pathologist. When considering the diagnosis of endodermal sinus tumor, the use of immunohistochemical testing for alpha fetoprotein can be helpful. PMID- 6677842 TI - Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease of the orbit. AB - Hodgkin's disease is a rare occurrence in the orbit and, when present, has been seen in patients as part of the known systemic diasthesis usually in the terminal phase. A case of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's with a long-standing lesion of the orbit leading to bony excavation in the lacrimal fossa is reported. PMID- 6677843 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the palpebral mucocutaneous junction. A clinical, light microscopic and electron microscopic study of an unusual tubular variant. AB - An 81-year-old man developed a left lower lid lesion. The lid margin was red, thickened, and indurated with foci of ulceration and telangiectasia on the palpebral conjunctiva. The initial clinical impression was either a chalazion or sebaceous carcinoma, and an incisional biopsy was performed. By light and electron microscopy, the tumor demonstrated infiltrating cords of cells with an admixture of epidermoid and mucus-secreting elements arranged in a distinctive elongated tubular fashion. The involved lid was resected and reconstructed by a Hughes' tarso-conjunctival graft with marsupialization of the canaliculus. No recurrence has been encountered after a year. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva is a rare, locally aggressive neoplasm characterized in all seven previously reported cases by recurrence within 6 months, and a high incidence of intraocular or orbital invasion. PMID- 6677844 TI - Conjunctival myxoma. A clinicopathologic study. AB - A 54-year-old white man had a slowly growing painless epibulbar mass that clinically mimicked a lymphangioma. Morphologically, the paucicellular tumor contained stellate and spindly cells, mast cells, and dilated lymphatic channels embedded in a loose collagenous matrix. The clinical differential diagnosis included lymphangioma, amelanotic nevus, lymphoma, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, dermoid, lipoma, and botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma. Pathologically, lymphangioma, myxoid neurofibroma, and spindle cell lipoma were all considered. The authors discuss the clinical and histopathologic features of the various tumors, and confirmation of the diagnosis of conjunctival myxoma by differential alcian blue staining properties dependent on critical electrolyte concentration. PMID- 6677845 TI - Benign cystic nevus of the conjunctiva. AB - A 51-year-old white man presented with a large, cystic conjunctival mass along the inferotemporal limbus which was obscuring his vision. Differential diagnosis included benign cystic nevus of the conjunctiva, lymphangioma, lymphangiectasia, and multiple conjunctival inclusion cysts. Biopsy revealed a large cystic nevus of the conjunctiva. PMID- 6677846 TI - Blue nevi of the conjunctiva. AB - Two examples of conjunctival blue nevi are presented. The clinical and histologic features of these lesions are not in accord with descriptions of blue nevi in the ophthalmic literature. In both cases, the nevi's clinical appearance was brown instead of blue; the nevi could be moved with the conjunctiva over the sclera; and they were not present at birth. Histologically, they demonstrated subepithelial, spindle-shaped melanocytes. The location of the cells was no deeper than that of common acquired compound or subepithelial conjunctival nevi. PMID- 6677847 TI - Ocular and oculodermal melanocytosis associated with uveal melanoma. AB - Fifteen patients with ocular or oculodermal melanocytosis were found after reviewing 1210 cases of histologically proven uveal melanomas. The melanoma in each of these patients developed in the eye affected with ocular or oculodermal melanocytosis and not in the unaffected eye. In the one case of bilateral involvement with oculodermal melanocytosis, the patient developed the melanoma in the eye more affected with melanocytosis. In the only case of partial ocular melanocytosis, the melanoma developed in a sector of the eye affected with melanocytosis. A comparison of the prevalence of ocular or oculodermal melanocytosis in patients with uveal melanoma with the prevalence of ocular or oculodermal melanocytosis in the general population, implies that there is an increased incidence of uveal melanomas in patients with ocular or oculodermal melanocytosis. PMID- 6677848 TI - Pigmented squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva. A clinicopathologic ultrastructural study. AB - The clinical and morphologic features of a pigmented squamous cell carcinoma of the bulbar conjunctiva in a 57-year-old black man are reported. The tumor resembled the more usual epibulbar squamous cell carcinoma but had many melanin containing cells within it. Transmission electron microscopy disclosed melanosomes within squamous epithelium, melanocytes, and macrophages. The only cells within the tumor with morphologic features of a malignant neoplasm were squamous in type. The literature on this rare conjunctival tumor, which has a good prognosis following complete excision, is reviewed. Pigmented squamous cell carcinomas need to be distinguished from the more common nodular melanomas, which have a more ominous outlook. PMID- 6677849 TI - Conjunctival Rhinosporidiosis. Light and electron microscopic study. AB - Two cases of conjunctival rhinosporidiosis were studied by light and electron microscopy. Two distinct phases of the tissue life cycle were present: trophic and endosporulating. Young trophocytes contained a single nucleus. As the trophocyte matured chromatin was dispersed throughout the cyst. During the next phase of the life cycle, sporangial cyst walls acquired a new inner layer that appeared to give rise to endospores. Histochemical and ultrastructural features of Rhinosporidium seeberi are consistent with it being a fungus. Complete surgical excision of the lesion is the only known method to eradicate the infection. PMID- 6677850 TI - Epibulbar subconjunctival fibroma. A tumor possibly arising from Tenon's capsule. AB - A fibroma, a benign neoplasm arising from the periorbita or tendon sheaths, is described in a 74-year-old woman as an indolent, lobular tumor situated in the episcleral and subconjunctival connective tissues with superior limbal fixation. Because most fibromas arise from tendon sheaths or fascial planes, we speculate that our lesion arose from Tenon's capsule. The rarity of periocular fibroma is documented by a review of the modern ophthalmic literature. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of a paucicellular population of fibroblasts, sometimes displaying hyperchromatic nuclei and widely separated by abundant broad bundles of collagen. Mast cells were infrequently dispersed in the lesion. A wide local excision was performed, and no recurrence has developed during an 18-month follow up period. PMID- 6677852 TI - Adenoma of the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body. AB - A 42-year-old woman developed a ciliary body mass which indented the lens equator and produced a dense focal cataract in the right eye. The clinical diagnosis was malignant melanoma of the ciliary body, and the lesion was removed by a large iridocyclectomy. Histopathologic examination revealed an acquired adenoma of the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium. The clinical and histopathologic features of this rare intraocular tumor are discussed with emphasis upon its differentiation from malignant melanoma. PMID- 6677851 TI - Scrolls of Descemet's membrane in healed syphilitic interstitial keratitis. AB - A 45-year-old woman with healed syphilitic interstitial keratitis presented with decreased vision, foreign-body sensation of the right eye, and bilateral conjunctival injection. Examination disclosed a network of tissue on the posterior corneal surface, with extension into the anterior chamber. Bullous keratopathy developed after intracapsular cataract extraction, and a keratoplasty was performed. Pathologic examination of the corneal button disclosed corneal edema, posterior stromal vascularization, much thickening of Descemet's membrane, and concentrically laminated scrolls of Descemet's membrane-like tissue that extended from the posterior corneal surface into the anterior chamber. Endothelium was attenuated considerably throughout and in one area was replaced by a single layer of iris melanocytes. PMID- 6677853 TI - Medulloepithelioma diagnosed by ultrasound and vitreous aspirate. Electron microscopic observations. AB - Ultrasonography and cytologic examination of the vitreous aspirate established the correct pre-enucleation diagnosis of medulloepithelioma in the case of an 8 year-old boy. The use of a muscle hook allowed the examiner to elevate the eye and bring the ciliary body into adequate ultrasonographic view. Histopathologic examination of the enucleated eye showed a partially pigmented mass composed of elongated neuroepithelial tubules and cords arising from the ciliary body inferiorly. Several tubules displayed a central lumen with rosette-like structures. The tumor was classified as a benign, nonteratoid medulloepithelioma. Electron microscopically the lumens of the rosettes contained myriad, slender microvilli, and were bordered by numerous terminal bar complexes and areas displaying zonula adherens and zonula occludens type junctions. Additionally, invaginating gap junctions, which clearly established that the tumor originated from the ciliary epithelium, were identified. PMID- 6677854 TI - Hamartomatous adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium arising in iris ciliary body coloboma. Light and electron microscopic observations. AB - A 2 1/2-year-old boy had a slowly enlarging mass at the site of a typical iris ciliary body coloboma for 2 years. The mass was excised partially by iridocyclectomy. By light microscopy, the tumor cells were embedded in a rich mucoid stroma that contained abundant hyaluronidase-sensitive acid mucopolysaccharides. By electron microscopy the tumor showed light and dark cells with interdigitating cell membranes, desmosomes, gap junctions, multilaminar basement membrane, and numerous extracellular collagen fibrils that resembled vitreous fibrils. We believe that the tumor represents a hamartomatous (congenital) adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium rather than a conventional (acquired) adenoma, since it developed precisely within a colobomatous defect of the iris and ciliary body. PMID- 6677855 TI - Posterior capsule opacification in pseudophakic eyes. AB - Posterior capsule opacification following extracapsular cataract extraction is a manifestation of proliferation of anterior lens epithelium onto the posterior capsule. In addition to Elschnig pearl formation, vision is decreased in two ways. Multiple layers of proliferated epithelium produce a frank opacity. Also, the lens cells show myofibroblastic differentiation and their contraction produces numerous tiny wrinkles in the posterior capsule resulting in visual distortion. Because the cells that proliferate are anterior lens epithelial cells and because proliferation begins at the site of apposition of anterior capsular flap and the posterior capsule, a wide anterior capsulectomy should help reduce the risk of and delay the onset of visual loss from this complication of extracapsular surgery. Polishing the posterior capsule at the time of surgery will not help in this regard unless there is a complicated cataract with pre existing posterior migration of lens epithelium. The presence of a potential cleavage plane between the proliferating epithelium and the posterior capsule provides a therapeutic alternative to surgical or laser discission. PMID- 6677856 TI - Extrascleral extension of choroidal melanoma diagnosed by ultrasound. AB - Four cases of choroidal melanoma with extrascleral extension are presented. In each case, contact B-scan ultrasonography identified extrascleral extension of choroidal melanoma as an area of relative echolucency immediately behind the globe. These ultrasonographic findings are contrasted with those demonstrated by computerized tomography. The importance of B-scan ultrasonography in the assessment of a patient with possible choroidal melanoma is discussed. PMID- 6677857 TI - Giant cell astrocytoma of the retina. A tumor of possible Mueller cell origin. AB - A 5-month-old boy presented with a right retrolental mass and glaucoma. Both B scan ultrasonography and CAT scanning failed to disclose any evidence of intralesional calcification, the absence of which is unusual for retinoblastoma. An aqueous lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) determination disclosed elevated levels of this enzyme, which were six times that detected in the blood. Pathologic examination of the enucleated globe revealed rubeotic glaucoma, and a massively necrotic retinal tumor that had filled the vitreous cavity. A small focus of viable tumor in the posterior pole of the lesion displayed a population of rounded astrocytic giant cells, with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and eccentrically placed vesicular nuclei possessing prominent nucleoli. The cytoplasm of these tumors cells contained a moderate number of PTAH-positive fibrils, and these were identified positively as glial in nature by immunoperoxidase reaction for the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Mueller cells in a portion of surviving retina also stained positively for GFAP. Electron microscopic studies performed on a rim of surviving tumor cells abutting the subretinal space demonstrated features consistent with a Mueller cell origin, namely, abundant profiles of smooth and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and elaborate villous processes, the latter being typically produced by Mueller cells as they project beyond the external limiting membrane of the retina. PMID- 6677859 TI - Optic nerve meningioma. AB - An obese white woman presented with a 10-month history of progressive loss of vision in the right eye associated with a moderate proptosis. Examination of the fundus revealed marked congestion of the retinal vasculature with dilation of both the arteries and the veins. Numerous blot hemorrhages were scattered throughout the retina. The retina was elevated and appeared to be displaced anteriorly by solid tissue, but B-scan ultrasonography demonstrated only a serous detachment of a thickened, markedly convoluted retina. A diagnosis of optic nerve meningioma was considered, but definitive treatment was deferred because of medical problems. One month later the patient returned with a blind, painful right eye associated with neovascular glaucoma. High resolution CT coronal sections of the orbit showed generalized thickening of the optic nerve. The blind eye was enucleated facilitating exposure of the optic nerve which was found to be diffusely thickened by meningioma. The orbital portion of the optic nerve was subsequently removed and meningioma was demonstrated along its entire length to the bony optic canal. A transfrontal craniotomy was later performed to rid the patient of residual tumor. PMID- 6677858 TI - Posterior internal ophthalmomyiasis. Identification of a surgically removed Cuterebra larva by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The clinical presentation of an 11-year-old boy with unilateral posterior internal ophthalmomyiasis is described. Ophthalmoscopy of the affected eye in this individual disclosed characteristic subretinal depigmented linear tracks and a larva within the vitreous. The intravitreal larva was retrieved successfully by pars plana vitrectomy and identified as the first instar of Cuterebra sp. (rodent botfly) by scanning electron microscopy. This was done by examining the external features of the larva by scanning electron microscopy and comparing them to scanning electron micrographs that were prepared on other first instar larvae of flies known to be implicated in internal ophthalmomyiasis. The study demonstrates the usefulness of scanning electron microscopy for taxonomic identification of fly larvae. Since even a small fragment of these organisms may contain characteristic features of external morphology, scanning electron microscopy may be useful in cases where the specimen is damaged or incomplete. PMID- 6677860 TI - Warburg syndrome. AB - Warburg syndrome is a congenital oculocerebral disorder. It is caused by a genetic defect that simultaneously affects ocular and cerebral embryogenesis. The characteristic ophthalmic findings reflect the cerebral malformation (agyria or lissencephaly). Two cases, siblings, have been described. The characteristic bilateral ocular findings (leukocoria with microphthalmia) have been discussed and contrasted with simulating entities. Since Warburg syndrome is a lethal disorder, it is important to distinguish these affected infants from those with hydrocephalus with a known better prognosis. Lastly, the early recognition of this autosomal recessive disorder should prompt genetic parental counseling. PMID- 6677862 TI - [Relationship between immunosuppressive and therapeutic effects of selected cytostatics under experimental conditions]. PMID- 6677861 TI - [Atherosclerosis in patients treated surgically for ischemia of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6677863 TI - [Effect of colchicine on the volume, dry mass, and coefficient of light refraction in the nuclei of primary hepatic carcinoma in the rat]. PMID- 6677864 TI - [Cystadenoma of the intrahepatic bile ducts]. PMID- 6677865 TI - [Primary malignant cardiac hemangioendothelioma--description of 2 cases]. PMID- 6677867 TI - International Symposium on Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology. Dusseldorf, May 27 and 28, 1983. PMID- 6677866 TI - [A case of accessory liver with hamartoma-type changes]. PMID- 6677868 TI - Drug therapy in childhood: what has been done and what has to be done? AB - Exactly 30 years ago the German pediatrician Dost introduced the concept of pharmacokinetics into clinical and experimental research. In the following years this concept prompted a rapidly increasing understanding of the mechanisms of drug disposition and of host factors as major determinants of drug concentration and, in consequence, of drug effect within the organism. This has led to a burgeoning new discipline--clinical pharmacology. However, the pharmacokinetic approach was, with few exceptions, not particularly cherished by the pediatricians, until dramatic clinical accidents, such as the chloramphenicol gray syndrome and the thalidomide-phocomelia tragedies occurred, which highlighted the pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic, features of the growing organism, especially of the fetus, newborn, and young infant. In the 1970s, the explosive development of sensitive and specific methods for the analysis of nearly all drugs in body fluids and tissues and the great progress in computer technology induced an enormous progress in clinical pharmacokinetics making age related drug and dosage recommendations possible, which were based on scientific data, and initiating therapeutic drug monitoring. However, years ago, in 1965, von Harnack and others published pediatric drug dosage recommendations based on empiric data realizing that, for many drugs, an appropriate dosage schedule can be achieved when the drug dose is calculated according to body surface area rather than to body weight. While advances in pediatric pharmacokinetics have been proceeding at a rapid pace during the last decade, it is quite evident that the progress in pharmacodynamics has lagged far behind the research and attention paid to pharmacokinetics. For the future increasing work concerning the quantitation of clinical effects in correlation to drug dosage and drug level is urgently needed. That holds true for short-term and for long-term clinical effects of drugs given to newborns, infants, and children, as well as for adverse and for desired therapeutic effects of drugs administered to an unborn via his mother. Undoubtedly, quantitative determination of clinical drug effects is much more difficult than quantitation of pharmacokinetics, not only for technical, but also for ethical reasons. Moreover, pharmacodynamic studies in long-term treatment of chronically ill children are complicated by the problem of the patient's compliance. However, the rapid progress in pediatric oncology in the past is an impressive example for the usefulness of controlled clinical trials based on pharmacodynamic rather than pharmacokinetic criteria. PMID- 6677869 TI - The role of therapeutic drug monitoring in childhood. AB - Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can greatly improve the precision of drug therapy, provided 1) the analytical technique is sensitive, selective, and reproducable enough, 2) the pharmacokinetics of the drug is reasonably well known, and 3) the quantitative relation between kinetics and clinical effect is not too complicated. The TDM service must be supervised and further developed by a responsible group of experts, for example, a section or department of clinical pharmacology that should also provide service to help the physicians to take full advantage of the system. The appearance of active drug metabolites (for some drugs) and the considerable fluctuations in blood levels (in some patients) may complicate the interpretation. A cost-benefit analysis should continuously be made of the system; small, peripheral units for TDM may be too expensive to run. PMID- 6677870 TI - Aortic flow velocity curves in the diagnosis and the followup of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants during therapeutic interventions. AB - In preterm infants, persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) fails to close soon after birth and becomes symptomatic (sPDA) in about 40% of the infants, causing cardio respiratory deterioration by a left-to-right shunt across the PDA. Aortic run-off of blood, predominantly occurring during ventricular diastole, causes an abnormal diastolic retrograde aortic blood flow. This aortic reverse flow can be assessed semi-quantitatively in a noninvasive way, using continuous-wave Doppler ultrasonography. An increased ratio (R/F ratio) of the abnormal retrograde aortic blood flow (R) related to the normal forward flow (F) in the aorta indicates presence of sPDA in preterm infants. The R/F ratio was assessed in 30 premature infants, including 13 cases without sPDA, and 17 infants with sPDA--in 12 of them before and after surgical ligation of PDA, in five concomitantly to pharmacological closure of PDA by the application of indomethacin. The R/F ratio was low in all infants without sPDA and in infants following surgical ligation of PDA. On the other hand, a high R/F ratio was found in all patients with sPDA before specific treatment. During indomethacin-induced closure of PDA the R/F ratio decreased continuously, whereas it remained high in infants with sPDA not responding to indomethacin treatment. PMID- 6677871 TI - Antibiotic drug therapy in the newborn. AB - The use of antimicrobial agents in newborn infants has always been fraught with uncertainty. Because of the immature excretory and/or metabolic process of infants, it was recognized that detailed pharmacokinetic studies were necessary before these drugs could be used safely and effectively in young infants, but it was only with experience that it became obvious that toxicity remained relatively unpredictable. Babies were found to be more resistant to certain types of adverse reactions (eg, renal damage by aminoglycosides, bacitracin, methicillin, etc) but more susceptible to others (sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, nitrofurantoin, and so forth). In many instances, the toxic effects encountered could have been predicted on the basis of experimental data in animals, but in other cases, this was not possible. Thus, the use of new antimicrobial agents in babies may expose them to unpredictable dangers. For that reason, new drugs should only be administered to young infants if they clearly have a therapeutic advantage over older ones. Therapeutic trials must await adequate pharmacokinetic studies, and the investigator must be prepared to follow the treated infants (along with a group of matched control patients) for a sufficient length of time to be certain that any organ damage caused by the drug would have become clinically detectable. In some cases this requires a period of several years. PMID- 6677872 TI - Epoxide hydrolase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in human fetal tissues: activities in nuclear and microsomal fractions and in isolated hepatocytes. AB - Epoxide formation from drugs, chemicals, food additives and environmental pollutants is catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase(s). Epoxides are converted to glycols or dihydrodiols by epoxide hydrolase (EH). These enzymes are known to be present in the microsomes of different mammalian tissues and in the hepatic nuclei from rats and humans. The balance between the epoxide forming (AHH) and metabolizing (EH) enzyme activities may provide information about the "epoxide exposure" of a tissue. We thus investigated AHH and EH in the nuclear and microsomal fractions from six livers, four kidneys, four lungs, and two adrenals from human fetuses (gestational age between 15 and 24 weeks). Tissues were obtained at legal abortion for sociomedical reasons. AHH activity was measured according to van Cantfort et al (Biochem Biophys Res Commun 79: 505, 1977) using beno (a)pyrene as substrate. EH was measured as described by Jerina et al (Mol Pharmacol 13:342, 1977) using both styrene oxide (SO) and benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-oxide (BPO) as substrate. The nuclear fraction was isolated by a multistep procedure including centrifugation in high density sucrose ( Pacifici et al, unpublished). The hepatic AHH activity (pmole/min/mg; mean +/- SEM) was 11.5 +/- 2.2 in the nuclear fraction and 34.7 +/- 1.7 in the microsomes. In adrenals it was 6.0 (nuclei) and 4.4 (microsomes). The nuclear fraction from kidneys and lungs did not catalyze this reaction at a measurable rate, whereas microsomal AHH activity was 1.3 +/- 0.3 and 5.3 +/- 1.1, respectively, in these tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6677873 TI - Carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11- epoxide during pregnancy and postnatal period in epileptic mother and their nursed infants: pharmacokinetics and clinical effects. AB - A total of 11 epileptic mothers treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) as well as their 12 newborns were included in this study. Maternal CBZ concentrations remained rather constant during pregnancy and slightly increased after parturition. Carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide ( CBZE ) levels were less predictable and either increased or decreased during pregnancy. Fetal/maternal serum concentration ratios at birth were 0.78 +/- 0.14 (n = 5) for CBZ and 0.75 +/- 0.09 (n = 5) for CBZE . Neonatal half-lives were 28 +/- 11 hours (n = 4) for CBZ and 20 and 24 hours (n = 2) for CBZE . maternal milk/serum concentration ratios of CBZ and CBZE were 0.39 +/- 0.22 (N = 11) and 0.49 +/- 0.28 (n = 6), respectively. The steady state CBZ serum levels of nursed infants were about 1.0 micrograms/ml in all cases but one, where a maximum concentration of 4.7 micrograms/ml was reached. One of the infants had major malformations. Minor anomalies were less frequent in the CBZ group, compared to the whole group of infants exposed to anticonvulsive drugs other than CBZ and as frequent as in a matched pair control group of unexposed neonates. Neonatal somatic data were found to be below the corresponding values of neonates exposed to antiepileptic drugs other than CBZ. PMID- 6677874 TI - Oral phenytoin in infancy: dose requirement, absorption, and elimination. AB - Oral phenytoin therapy in infants required unexpectedly high doses of about 18 mg/kg body weight to achieve and to maintain serum concentrations between 8 and 25 micrograms/ml. Plasma half-life determined in 12 infants aged 6 weeks to 12 months ranged between 7.9 to 24.9 hours (mean 12.8 +/- 3.6 hours). Measurement of phenytoin metabolite excretion in urine during steady state revealed that only about 30% of the daily given phenytoin is eliminated through the kidneys. Studying the bioavailability of phenytoin in different age groups (infants, children, and adolescents) before and after ingestion of age-appropriate food showed an age-dependent absorption rate and extent, and an influence of the food upon the absorption pattern could be demonstrated. Mechanisms for this phenomenon of an impaired bioavailability of phenytoin in infancy are discussed. PMID- 6677875 TI - Lack of pharmacological active saliva levels of caffeine in breast-fed infants. AB - Caffeine, which is used for the treatment of apnoea in premature newborns, is known to be excreted into breast milk. However data on the amount of caffeine transferred to the breast-fed infant and on caffeine concentrations in the baby are lacking. In 18 healthy breast-feeding women caffeine concentrations in breast milk were measured 2 and 4 hours after the intake of coffee (145.8 mg caffeine, mean +/- sd, n = 18). For an estimation of kinetic parameters (eg, AUC), additional saliva samples were collected up to 6 hours after coffee intake. The daily caffeine intake of the infants was calculated from the average breast-milk concentration (AUCsaliva X milk/saliva ratio/24 hours) as average milk concentration X daily milk volume. From nine of the babies (aged 20 days to 19 weeks) at least one saliva sample could be obtained. The ratio milk/saliva was found to be 0.90 +/- 0.20 (mean +/- sd, n = 18) and the average breast-milk concentration was 0.82 +/- 0.29 mg/L (mean +/- sd, n = 18). The daily caffeine intake of the infants was calculated to range from 0.027 to 0.203 mg/kg/day. The caffeine concentrations measured in the babies ranged from less than 0.05 to 0.75 mg/L. Hence it can be concluded that the amount of caffeine ingested by the children is small compared to the therapeutic dose if usual amounts of coffee are taken by the mothers. PMID- 6677876 TI - T4 levels in methylxanthine-treated premature newborns. AB - The respiratory stimulants caffeine and theophylline are able to control apneic spells in premature newborns. However both substances have goitrogenic properties in rats on low-iodine diet. They lower T4 serum levels and inhibit TSH- and GH release probably by enhancing hypothalamic somatostatin secretion. The retrospective study described here was carried out in an attempt to clarify whether treatment of premature children with methylxanthines has adverse effects on thyroid function. The results are as follows: 1) There is no significant correlation between caffeine- and theophylline-concentrations and circulating T4 levels in single blood specimen of unselected premature infants. 2) In none of the infants was a low T4-serum value accompanied by a rise in serum TSH during methylxanthine treatment. Thus methylxanthines are not associated with the induction of primary hypothyroidism but the possibility of tertiary hypothyroidism cannot be excluded. In order to avoid adverse effects on thyroid function the lowest therapeutically active dose should be chosen. PMID- 6677877 TI - Pediatric dosing of acetaminophen. AB - Acetaminophen (paracetamol, APAP) is one of the safest and most widely used analgesic-antipyretics in children. When compared to other analgesic antipyretics, acetaminophen has been shown in many clinical studies to have equivalent efficacy. Based on available clinical and pharmacokinetic data, acetaminophen should be dosed with single doses in the range of 10-15 mg/kg at 4 hour intervals. However, many dosing schedules recommend inadequate amounts of acetaminophen. Dosing schedules based on weight can be constructed that will accurately keep each dose within the recommended range. Dosing also can be adapted to an age-based schedule, which will provide consistent dosing from infancy to adolescence. The principles used to derive the age-based dosing schedule have potential application for use with other pharmacologic agents, particularly nonprescription drugs. PMID- 6677880 TI - Drug testing in children in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 6677878 TI - Pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone in children. AB - A pharmacokinetic data analysis of plasma level data for dexamethasone obtained from children with various diseases and healthy adults was performed. A total of 33 subjects participated in the study. The results show: The pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone can be described satisfactorily within the frame of classic linear pharmacokinetic theory. The variance of important pharmacokinetic parameters is large. Therefore, if a close relationship between drug levels and therapeutic and adverse effects exists, which still has to be proved, optimal individual dosage regimens have to be calculated, guided by drug-level monitoring. When treating newborns, one should be aware that high drug levels are likely to occur, possibly necessitating a dose reduction. PMID- 6677881 TI - Comparison of German and American law concerning clinical trials. AB - In German and American law, clinical trials require a positive benefit-risk evaluation, free and informed consent, medical and scientific qualification of the doctor, and a written research protocol. American law requires a written consent, which is free of undue influence, the subject being instructed that he is free to withdraw from the trial. In German law, an orally given consent is sufficient for therapeutic trials. With minor or incompetent research subjects, informed consent to therapeutic clinical experimentation has to be given by their parents or guardians, the permissibility of which, in other trials, is controversial. In non-therapeutic trials, blind studies, double-bind studies, and trials involving placebos, special attention has to be paid to the risk-benefit analysis and to informed consent, which in these cases, even in Germany, must be written. The most outstanding feature of American law of clinical trial is that the experimentation is subject to previous control and approval by institutional review boards. The most interesting difference in German law is the investigator's duty to effect an insurance against the risks of the research subject's death or invalidity. PMID- 6677882 TI - Legal requirements for drug testing in children in Germany. AB - Since 1966 the problem of evaluation of drugs for use in man has increasingly become the subject of both international and national consideration. It was generally felt, that there is a need for a special protection for children being the subjects of the clinical evaluation of drugs. A new impulse with regard to the protection of children was recently set by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences. German legislation has included these international convictions and recommendations pertaining to the performance of clinical trials. Articles 40 and 41 of the German Drug Law of 1976 are an emanation of WHO principles as well as of the Declaration of Helsinki. These articles include special provisions for the protection of children as volunteers of clinical trials, because clinical trials in children are indispensable for research on diseases of children. It is laid down in the Law that children should never be subject of research that might equally well be carried out on adults. The willing cooperation and, as far as feasible, consent of the child and its custodians has to be sought. The German Law provides that trials in healthy children may take place only with regard to diagnostic and prophylactic drugs, not with regard to the therapeutics. Article 41 of the German Drug Law permits the clinical evaluation of drugs in ill children. Therapeutic drugs may, however, be tested in children only under the condition that the drug is determined to cure the special disease under which the child is suffering. Special aspects of the clinical evaluation of drugs in children, not contained in the law, need further discussion and clarification. PMID- 6677883 TI - [Diagnostic tactics in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6677884 TI - [Psychometric studies of healthy persons and patients]. PMID- 6677885 TI - [Effect of phenofibrate on serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 6677886 TI - [Mixed venous blood oxygenation and oxygen delivery coefficient in patients with chronic lung diseases]. PMID- 6677887 TI - [Measurement of factor XIII (FSF) as an indicator of thrombosis risk in chronic coronary insufficiency and myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6677888 TI - [Role of ketotifen in the reduction of corticosteroid doses in steroid-dependent bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6677889 TI - [Bronchodilator capacity of salbutamol aerosol after its long-term use]. PMID- 6677891 TI - [Mucoviscidosis in adults]. PMID- 6677892 TI - [Intravascular coagulation syndrome and urinary excretion of Bence Jones protein in a brain stem tumor]. PMID- 6677890 TI - [Effect of bezafibrate on serum lipid, lipoprotein and apoprotein B levels in patients with type II and IV hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 6677893 TI - Experimental model of hyperlipidemia in rats. AB - Rats conceived for 14 days high-lipid diet containing coconut oil and cholesterol, given in various doses, separately or in combination, with or without cholic acid. Lipid serum fractions were assayed and lipoproteins were separated by agarose electrophoresis. The model of alimentary hyperlipidemia consisting of feeding rats for 14 days with a diet containing coconut oil (10 g/kg/day), cholesterol (4 g/kg/day) and cholic acid (0.2 g/kg/day) is proposed. PMID- 6677894 TI - Caffeine interferes with morphine-induced hyperactivity but not analgesia. AB - In C57BL/6 mice caffeine antagonized morphine-induced hyperactivity. This effect was most evident when caffeine was used in doses that slightly increased locomotor activity. Given at the same dose caffeine did not affect morphine induced analgesia. Two possibilities of explanation of this effect are discussed: action of caffeine on dopaminergic mechanisms responsible for morphine-induced running fit through its effect on cyclic AMP level, and a direct action of caffeine on delta opiate receptors involved in the stimulatory effect of morphine. PMID- 6677895 TI - The effect of piracetam on the central action of ethanol in mice and rabbits. AB - The effect of combined single administration of ethanol and piracetam on the rabbit EEG and on locomotor activity and ethanol sleep in mice was investigated. In addition, the effect of prolonged administration of piracetam together with ethanol on rabbit EEG and after-discharges evoked by electrical stimulation of the hippocampus was studied. The blood ethanol concentrations were also monitored. Single administration of piracetam did not change the effects of ethanol, while when given prolongly with ethanol piracetam attenuated the effects of ethanol. Piracetam did not affect the ethanol blood level. PMID- 6677896 TI - Opiate-like peptides. Part IV. Kyotorphin and its analogues: synthesis and analgesic activity. AB - L-Tyrosyl-L-arginine ( kyotorphin ) and its 8 analogues were synthesized using EEDQ method. Analgesic activity and neurotoxic effect of all dipeptides were examined. Three of analogues investigated display weak analgesic activity occurring on the administration of doses which exert neurotoxic effect. For three other analogues the neurotoxic effect precedes the possible analgesic effect. The remaining two analogues were biologically inactive. PMID- 6677897 TI - Synthesis and antileukemic properties of 2-methyl and 2,5-dimethylpiperazides. AB - New piperazides 1-15 were synthesized as analogues of an agent active against Leukemia 1210, 4.4'-(2-methyl-1,4- piperazinediyl )-bis-(4-oxo)-2- butenoic acid diethyl ester, NG (NSC 337310). The piperazides were synthesized by treatment of 2-methyl or 2,5-dimethyl-piperazine with maleic acid ester chlorides in CH2Cl2 or in aqueous medica in the presence of anhydr . K2CO3 . The influence of compound NG (NSC 337310) and several new derivatives on P 388 Lymphocytic Leukemia was tested: only compound NG have demonstrated a satisfactory activity. PMID- 6677898 TI - Acylated derivatives of 1,5-benzodiazepines. AB - N-Acylated derivatives of 2-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenyl-1H-tetrahydro-1,5 benzodiazepine (1) and 2-cyano-4-methyl-1H-tetrahydro-1,5-benzodiazepine (3-12) were obtained. From among compounds 3-12, compound 3 have shown a strong synergism with hexobarbital and antiserotonin and anticonvulsant activity, and compounds 5 and 7 have displayed antiserotonin properties. A strong antireserpine action, comparable with imipramine, has been found for compound 12, which also have antagonized electrogenic seizures. PMID- 6677900 TI - [Schizophrenia--a clinical approach]. PMID- 6677899 TI - [Proceedings of the symposium on "Clinical Applications of Septopal", Wroclaw, December 8th, 1981]. PMID- 6677901 TI - [Statistically viewed "schizophrenic patients" and the psychiatric treatment system--from a sociologic perspective]. PMID- 6677902 TI - [How far has the cognitive psychology of schizophrenia progressed?--from the current research in psychopathology]. PMID- 6677903 TI - [Undergraduate psychiatric education]. PMID- 6677904 TI - [Psychiatric education at Iwate Medical School]. PMID- 6677906 TI - [Role of practical clinical experience in undergraduate psychiatric education. Experience with small groups]. PMID- 6677905 TI - [Aims of introducing behavioral science into medical education and development of a curriculum. Current undergraduate curriculum at Saga Medical School]. PMID- 6677907 TI - [Problems with practical experience in clinical psychiatry, with special reference to student evaluation]. PMID- 6677910 TI - [Limitation in in-service medical training systems in university hospitals]. PMID- 6677908 TI - [Nation-wide survey on postgraduate psychiatric education in Japanese medical schools: results and comments]. PMID- 6677909 TI - [Postgraduate education and the dynamic psychiatric diagnostic interview]. PMID- 6677912 TI - [Psychiatric symptoms in hypothalamo-hypophyseal insufficiency]. PMID- 6677911 TI - [Expectation from psychiatric education: practical experience in a consultation liaison service]. PMID- 6677913 TI - [Treatment of mental disorders with thyroid hormones]. PMID- 6677914 TI - [Postpartum mental disorders: their nosographic position]. PMID- 6677915 TI - [Antipsychotic action of ceruletide diethylamine (caerulein), a substance resembling CCK-8]. PMID- 6677916 TI - [Changes in the eye movements of chronic schizophrenics as a result of treatment with a CCK-8-like drug (caerulein)]. PMID- 6677917 TI - [Preliminary study of the dexamethasone suppression test in endogenous depression]. PMID- 6677919 TI - [Clinical significance of the dexamethasone suppression test]. PMID- 6677918 TI - [Usefulness of the dexamethasone suppression test in the diagnosis of affective disorders]. PMID- 6677920 TI - [Endocrinologic testing of alcoholics with depressive states--with special reference to the dexamethasone suppression test]. PMID- 6677921 TI - [Protection of the human rights of mental patients]. PMID- 6677922 TI - [Delivery of psychiatric health care]. PMID- 6677923 TI - [Economic aspects of psychiatric care]. PMID- 6677924 TI - [Psychiatric care in the future]. PMID- 6677925 TI - [Physiological mechanism of the development of the symptoms in emotional stress]. PMID- 6677926 TI - [The 79th Congress of the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology. 9-11 June 1983, Sapporo, Japan]. PMID- 6677927 TI - The mental health programme of WHO: trends and prospects. PMID- 6677928 TI - [Relationship between results of the entrance examination and the birth-months and the birth-seasons of the applicants of Tokyo University]. PMID- 6677929 TI - [Interlaboratory quality control for the determination of blood lead. Initial experiences in Tuscany]. AB - Results of an interlaboratory precision comparison programme of blood lead determination are presented. The samples consisted of bovine haemolyzed whole blood to which were added in pool small quantities of lead nitrate aqueous solutions to obtain two different concentrations of the metal (i.e. about 30 and 70 micrograms/dl). After each pool was well mixed it was divided into 15 ml portions in screw-top linear polyethylene vials and stored at -25 degrees C. The analytical methods used by the five public health laboratories participating in the programme were based on atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Three laboratories used methods which incorporate discrete sampling techniques (i.e. tantalum boat, electrothermal atomisation) and the remaining two, a method incorporating a sample preconcentration by solvent extraction and flame atomisation. During the six months period of the programme, fifty five results were obtained for each of the two pools of blood. Common statistical methods and the graphic system devised by Youden were used for data analysis. An acceptable agreement among results from the five laboratories has been obtained. The usefulness of this type of programme in improving analytical proficiency has been confirmed. PMID- 6677930 TI - [Sideropenic anemia in rheumatoid arthritis: diagnostic usefulness of serum ferritin, unsaturated transferrin and induced urinary siderosis]. AB - The various erythrocyte indices, serum iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity, serum ferritin and sideruria after desferrioxamine were measured in a group of 30 patients with active Rheumatoid Arthritis and anemia. The patients were subdivided into two groups of 23 and 7 subjects based on the presence or absence of marrow iron stores, respectively. Significant differences in the mean values of unsaturated iron binding capacity (P less than 0.001), serum ferritin (P less than 0.01) and sideruria after desferrioxamine (P less than 0.001) were observed between the two groups of patients by statistical analysis. Unlike the other indices, the values assessed in the first and the second group of patients as for the above parameters did not overlap. A negative correlation index and a positive one of high significance (P less than 0.001) was found between the values of serum ferritin and those of unsaturated iron binding capacity and sideruria after desferrioxamine, respectively. The above results demonstrate that even in active Rheumatoid Arthritis a concomitant iron deficiency can be diagnosed by means of non-invasive, quantitative and easily reproducible methods. PMID- 6677932 TI - [Chronic brucellosis: diagnostic problems and case presentations]. AB - Chronic Brucellosis is an infection disease, which is still of great clinical interest whether due to the difficulties of diagnosis involved or to the peculiar course of the illness. For this reasons, we have considered several cases of Chronic Brucellosis observed over a period of 10 years, which have presented particular problems of diagnosis. Furthermore, we have underlined the importance in the diagnosis, of intradermal reaction and the hemoreaction to the anamelitina injection. We propose therefore, to consider their diagnostic specificity by analyzing the results obtained. PMID- 6677931 TI - [Comparative study and time changes in the resistance to gentamycin, tobramycin, sisomicin and amikacin of Gram-negative nosocomial bacterial strains isolated from the urinary tract, in relation to the annual use of the aminoglycosides tested]. AB - Changes in susceptibility to four aminoglycosides (gentamycin, amikacin, tobramycin, sisomicin) of bacterial strains, isolated from in-patients with urinary tract infections at the "Santa Maria della Scala" Hospital of Siena, in the period January-April in three consecutive years (1980, 1981, 1982) were studied. The change susceptibility patterns were related to the use of the four antimicrobial drugs in the same periods. Emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains was seen after a wider use, whereas an increasing number of susceptible strains was observed after reducing use of antimicrobial drugs. PMID- 6677933 TI - [Antithrombin III and fibrinogen after surgical interventions on the abdomen and heart]. AB - We have explored the changes of plasma concentrations of antithrombin III and fibrinogen in patients recovering from major abdominal and cardiac surgery. In one group of patients subjected to major abdominal surgery we detected a statistically significant reduction of antithrombin III in the second and third postoperative day, followed by return to normal values in the fourth or fifth day. Fibrinogen, instead, increased to as much as 180% of the preoperative value in the first four postoperative days and reverted slowly to preoperative values between the fourth and the eighth day. In another group of patients subjected to cardiac surgery procedures utilizing the heart-lung machine, however, we found no significant reductions of antithrombin III in the early postoperative period. These results suggest the possible influence of local tissue factors affecting the plasma levels of antithrombin III differently in the two types of surgery under discussion. The patients subjected to extracorporeal circulation, on the other hand, showed a depletion of plasma fibrinogen down to less than 30 or 40% of preoperative values. This may reflect activation of coagulation processes and the considerable sequestration of fibrin at some interfaces of the heart-lung machine. PMID- 6677934 TI - [Evaluation of the rate of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in the population of Val di Chiana]. AB - 33% of the population tested presented a rate of antibodies above 10 International Units/ml. No substantial differences have been observed in the distribution of positive cases either between urban and rural centers, or between the two sexes. The number of positive cases has been high in women in the bearing age. PMID- 6677936 TI - Early diagnosis of renal disorder in diabetic patients. PMID- 6677935 TI - [Reference values for the serum concentration of apolipoproteins A and B, the A/B ratio and cholesterol-HDL. Evaluation in a clinically healthy population in Amiata (Grosseto)]. AB - The authors have studied the distribution of the Apolipoproteins A and B, the Apo A/B ratio and the HDL-cholesterol on healthy people, according to sex and age, in order to fix the reference values, considering that the literature is poor and the opinions are different. PMID- 6677937 TI - [Emergency examinations: results of a survey conducted by the Tuscan Section of the Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry]. AB - The hospital laboratories in Tuscany were asked about the emergency tests organization. Such a survey showed that each laboratory solved the problem after an individual manner, probably in relation to the available instrumentation and staff, and to the physician requests. The authors think that emergency test problems must be solved by stating, in agreement with the physicians, which tests can be regarded as emergency. The laboratories should then be supplied with the instruments allowing a rapid carrying out of such tests. PMID- 6677938 TI - [Kinetic studies of a new method for determining plasma fibrinogen]. AB - Turbidimetric specific techniques (turbidity end-pot measurement after thrombin addition to the plasma) are widely used for fibrinogen determination. This paper describes a series of tests performed with the aim of establishing a fixed-time kinetic method based on the above mentioned technique. It is know that 1st order or pseudo 1st order reaction are the most valuable for the kinetic determination of substrates. However for this procedures, in contrast to end-point techniques, enzymes with the highest possible Michaelis constant are required. If the Michaelis constant values for the pair fibrinogen/thrombin determined in artificial systems have a molarity in the order of 10(-5)/l when the measurement is made on plasma, antithrombins which are powerful thrombin inhibitors, increase the Michaelis constant to a molarity of 10(-2)/l. For the thrombin in the reaction mixture we have adopted an activity of 1.6 National Institute of Health (NIH) units/100 microliter of plasma; this activity is sufficiently high to induce instantaneous start of fibrinogen polymerization, without affecting the 1st order kinetic. The preliminary studies which have been carried out to evaluate this technique have shown the following characteristics: a) it is both accurate and precise; b) it requires simple and fast operations; c) it may easily be automated with a productivity of about 200 tests/hour on micro centrifugal analyzer. PMID- 6677939 TI - [Routine application of serologic typing and in vitro tests of antifungal activity in vaginal mycosis]. AB - We referred on 219 Candida strains isolated, during the last year, from 1084 vaginal smears and identified by a rapid slide agglutination test. Moreover, we analyze our preliminary data of the activity test with antifungal drugs on 75 Candida strains. At last we suggest a larger routine application of these methods for a correct treatment of vaginal Candidosis. PMID- 6677940 TI - [Direct radioimmunologic analysis of serum progesterone]. AB - Different radioimmunological methods to dose progesterone, without previous extraction of hormone with organic solvents, have been compared with a method using extraction. Furthermore the specific characteristics, precision and accuracy of direct methods and their diagnostic validity in a normal ovulatory cycle and in the luteal insufficiency, have been evaluated. PMID- 6677941 TI - Fluorogenic evaluation of plasminogen level in blood. PMID- 6677942 TI - [A new method of membrane protein analysis and its application to cell biological study]. PMID- 6677943 TI - [Citrus carboxypeptidase C in amino acid sequence analysis]. PMID- 6677944 TI - [Use of Penicillium carboxypeptidase-P in amino acid sequence analysis]. PMID- 6677945 TI - [Carboxypeptidase Y as a biochemical reagent]. PMID- 6677946 TI - [Aspergillus-alpha-mannosidase]. PMID- 6677947 TI - [Role of the Society's Rivista in a program for Italian radiologists on continuous professional updating sponsored by the Italian Society of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine]. PMID- 6677948 TI - [Technological updating of digital angiography]. PMID- 6677950 TI - [Technics for irradiation of the neck in the treatment of lymph node metastases from solid tumors of the head and neck region]. AB - Some common irradiation techniques for nodal metastasis of head and neck solid tumors are described and analyzed, that can be performed by means of a cobalt unit or by high energy electron beams. Limits and indications of each technique are evaluated particularly referring to dose distribution in the target volume and to isoeffect levels (TDF, CRE) that can be expected in normal tissues, at the end of treatment for different regimes. PMID- 6677949 TI - [Arthrography of the hip in the diagnosis of prosthetic dislocation. Method and results]. AB - The authors had first experiences of hip arthrography in prostheses loosening in 1967. Now they explain the results obtained in 51 cases, aknowledging the limits of such a method in a few cases, but generally accepting the value of it for correct therapeutic choices. PMID- 6677951 TI - [Computerized tomography: analysis of the characteristics of various pieces of equipment]. AB - Spatial resolution, statistical noise and patient dose are important parameters for the evaluation of the performances of CT-scanners. These parameters may be combined to develope some "synthetic indices", able to describe intrinsic properties of a CT-scanner (the maximum obtainable spatial resolution and dose efficiency). This type of analysis has been applied to the evaluation of four CT scanners, three of 3rd and one of 4th generation. PMID- 6677952 TI - [The hand in psoriatic arthropathy. Radiographic and xeroradiographic comparison]. AB - The hands of 45 cases of psoriasis with arthritis and of 100 cases of rheumatoid arthritis without psoriasis were studied by radiographic and xerographic techniques. The characteristic findings of both methods were recorded separately and compared later. In 44% of cases of psoriatic arthritis, radiographic and xerographic changes are indistinguishable from typical rheumatoid arthritis, but with predominant involvement of distal interphalangeal joints, often bilaterally asymmetric. On the contrary, in 31% of cases, erosive polyarthritis associated with proliferation of subperiosteal new bone (enthesopathy) is present, also with characteristic feature of arthritis mutilans. In 25% of cases, psoriasis of the skin and/or nails is associated with clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis, without roentgenographic findings of arthropathy. The xerographs and radiographs of each patient were compared, assessing the degree of subperiosteal erosion, soft tissue swelling, acro-osteolysis, distruction of small joints and osteolysis of the phalanges, bony ankylosis. The soft tissue swelling ("sausage" finger) was more easily demonstrated by xeroradiography than by conventional radiography, because of its wide recording latitude. However, radiograph remains the technique of choice in the assessment of bone changes of the hand, especially at the first stage of arthritides. PMID- 6677953 TI - [Histo-radiologic correlations in patients with primary hyperoxaluria]. AB - The use of new dialythic technics has increased the survival times for patients with primary hyperoxaluria. From here the possibility of visualizing X-rays signs specific of oxalosis besides the typical bone lesions of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure. Recent hysto-pathological studies allowed to correlate such radiological findings to a new pathogenetical mechanism that would be responsible of the bone lesion specific for oxalosis and that might be caused by the presence of reabsorption cavities made up by macrophagic cells fagocyting cristals. PMID- 6677954 TI - [The CT-scan in the study of mediastinal masses of suspected thyroid origin]. AB - A detailed analysis of CT findings with mediastinal thyroid masses is reported. The authors illustrate the CT features that confirm the thyroid origin of this lesions and emphasize the value of the method in the evaluation of this pathology. In a mediastinal mass the CT is helpful to recognize the origin of the lesion as well as it may suggest its malignancy. PMID- 6677955 TI - [The use of glucagon in cholangiography]. AB - Certainty of interpretation can be hindered by spasms of the sphincter of Oddi during cholangiography, since these impair the opaqueness of the image of the distal common duct and reduce the bile flow in the duodenum. Recently, especially in the English-speaking world, glucagon has been used to relax the bile ducts. The authors, following this line of experimentation, report on the use of glucagon in intravenous cholangiographic examination (15 cases), in postoperatory cholangiography (3) and in intra-operatory cholangiography (7), for a total of 25 patients, 13 of whom affected with pathological bile-duct conditions. In each type of examination, after the contrast material had been administered, X-rays were taken in the same position before and three or four minutes after the endovenous injection of glucagon. In every case glucagon revealed its intense hypotoning action, a consistent and rapid effect of short duration, the absence of side effects, the possibility of its use in every type of cholangiographic examination and its effectiveness in controlling the degree of diagnostic uncertainty. PMID- 6677956 TI - [Benign duodenal lacunes and pseudolesions]. AB - In 22 patients who shown filling defects in first and second duodenum, only 2 cases of benign tumors were detected by both radiology and endoscopy; the remaining cases were diagnosed as duodenitis and pseudolesions. In duodenum, the great rarity of benign tumors compared with frequency of pseudolesions doesn't allow evaluation of the accuracy of roentgen examinations. Some principles of differential diagnosis are exposed. PMID- 6677957 TI - [Transabdominal echotomography in the staging of tumors of the bladder]. AB - Transabdominal wall ultrasonography in the study of the bladder tumours is a simple and athraumatic method. In this prospective study the ultrasonographic patterns considered allow the differentiation among three principal classes: I group: superficial tumours with intact bladder wall; II group: invading tumours with the disappearance of the bladder wall behind the tumour (it is not possible to differentiate a superficial muscle involvement to a deeper invasion); III group: tumours with extra-vesical extension. The ultrasonic stage grouping has been compared with pathological staging, in a series of 46 patients (1981-1982). The I group (superficial tumours), corresponding to Pis-P1 pathological stage, and the III group, corresponding to P4, have a good accuracy (85% and 87,5%). In the II group, corresponding to P2-P3, the accuracy is less (72%) and it is not possible to differentiate between the two pathological stages. Transabdominal wall ultrasonography should be the first investigation in the preoperatory staging of bladder tumours. PMID- 6677958 TI - [Clinico-radiologic evaluation of glomus tumors for permanent embolization]. AB - The utility of the preoperative embolization of glomus tumors observed in 7 cases is reported. Two patient have been embolized with non reabsorbable materials and haven't been operated. The possibility of a definitive embolizing therapy as alternative to a surgical treatment is therefore supposed. PMID- 6677959 TI - [Clinical and angiographic aspects of medullary angiomas]. AB - The authors present six personal cases of medullary angiomas: three cases of retromedullary, one of intramedullary and two of intra-retromedullary vascular malformations. One of two last cases was associated with a paravertebral arteriovenous malformation. The neuroradiologic investigations include a water soluble myelography, with hypocicloidal tomography, and spinal cord selective angiography. The latter present many advantages of the aortography, for feeding arteries visualization, but the site of the shunt inside the intervertebral foramen can be localized only by angiotomography. In our cases neurological complications or clinical worsening were not found. PMID- 6677960 TI - [Introduction to the role of radiotherapy in the management of bladder cancer]. PMID- 6677961 TI - [Indications and limitations of radical surgery for cancer of the bladder]. PMID- 6677962 TI - [Preoperative radiotherapy]. PMID- 6677963 TI - [Preoperative curietherapy using iridium 192 in cancer of the bladder]. PMID- 6677964 TI - [Postoperative radiotherapy in the management of bladder cancer]. PMID- 6677965 TI - [Radiotherapy of bladder cancer in an advanced stage]. PMID- 6677966 TI - [Association of coronary disease with mitral and aortic valvulopathy]. PMID- 6677967 TI - [Old and new cephalosporins: comparative study of their activity in vitro against bacteria isolated from infectious processes]. PMID- 6677969 TI - [Neurology of pathological laughter, apropos of a case of gelastic epilepsy]. PMID- 6677968 TI - [Primary adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in patients with esophageal stenosis and Barrett's syndrome]. PMID- 6677970 TI - [Invasive fibrous thyroiditis (Riedel's thyroiditis)]. PMID- 6677971 TI - [Present status of mycoses in Chile]. PMID- 6677972 TI - [Factors associated with the production of breast cancer in Chilean women: a case control study]. PMID- 6677973 TI - [Treatment of transient cerebral ischemic crises]. PMID- 6677974 TI - [Immunologic characteristics of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6677975 TI - [Transient ischemic attacks before and after occlusion of the internal carotid artery]. AB - Among 60 cases with occlusion of an internal carotid artery (ICA), 47 p. 100 suffered warning TIA's in the corresponding area. In 7 p. 100 the TIA's were the only manifestation of the disease. The occurrence of warning TIA's significantly correlated with a small volume (less than 20 cm3, p 0,001) and a deep localization (p less than 0,002) of infarction, and also with a better initial neurologic ability and long-term functional prognosis (p less than 0,05) than in patients without warning TIA's. Twenty eight p. 100 of the 60 cases showed delayed TIA's distal to the occlusion. In 12 p. 100 TIA's had not been present before the occlusion. The delayed TIA's were strongly (p less than 0,0001) associated with an atheromatous stenosis of the external carotid artery (ECA) or a stump of the occluded ICA and an important collateral supply through ECA channels, suggesting a micro-embolic mechanism via ECA pathways. Much more rarely hemodynamic factors, and exceptionally probable emboli from the contralateral ICA, appeared to be involved. The occurrence of delayed TIA's was not a warning sign of further stroke, and did not correspond to a poorer functional prognosis. Three p. 100 of the 60 cases suffered TIA's in the contralateral ICA territory, in relation to an atheromatous stenosis of the ICA. Twenty p. 100 showed vertebrobasilar TIA's, usually without associated disease of the vertebral or subclavian arteries (75 p. 100). This point and the evidence of absent or weak collateral circulation (p less than 0,0001) and of an associated contralateral ICA stenosis (p less than 0,01), suggested a hemodynamic mechanism with an intracranial steal from the vertebrobasilar system towards the carotid circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6677976 TI - [Changes in the motor units in patients with traumatic paraplegia]. AB - Neuromuscular biopsies were obtained in 10 patients with traumatic spinal cord lesions at various levels and in one patient with cerebral lesions due to a long lasting coma. In all cases, there was a rapid onset of both fibers types atrophy, with numerous transitional type III and intermediate fibers. Only the two patients with cervical lesions had an increased terminal innervation ratio suggesting denervation. Our observations do not support the hypothesis of a transneuronal degeneration. These changes cannot be related to disuse only as the atrophy does not preferentially involve type II fibers. The underlying neural mechanism of spasticity in muscle of patients with cortico-spinal lesions could explain the change of the histochemical pattern of the muscle fibers. PMID- 6677977 TI - [Development of aphasic symptomatology with age. Discussion apropos of an anatomo clinical case]. AB - Clinical data suggesting that aphasic semeiology undergo some evolution with age are summarized. Three kinds of hypotheses may account for this evolution: (1) a possible evolution with age of the site and extent of ischaemic lesions: (2) an evolution according to age of brain functional organization for language; and (3) evolution with age of psychological and/or social aspects of individuals in whom aphasia occurs. These hypotheses are discussed in the light of a clinico pathological case of Wernicke's aphasia with logorrheic jargon due to an infarct involving both anterior and posterior parts of the left cortical speech area. This observation does not support the first set of hypotheses implying the lesion's site. On the other hand, as regards the second hypothesis, it is conceivable that the most instrumental features of speech functional organization may undergo a progressive subcorticalization process with age so that it possibly accounts for some age specificity in aphasic semeiology. Finally, the last set of hypotheses--individual's psychological and/or social aspects--although untested here, is thought to be also of some relevance. PMID- 6677978 TI - [Myotonia with muscular weakness corrected by exercise. The therapeutic effect of mexiletine]. AB - A case of generalized myotonia with autosomal recessive transmission related to Becker's type is reported. A muscular weakness improved by exercise was combined to myotonia. In addition to abundant myotonic discharges, electromyography showed alteration of the voluntary pattern during sustained contraction. The repetitive stimulation showed a marked decrement of the motor potential amplitude with high frequency stimulation. Carbamazepine (800 mg/day) and diphenylhydantoin (300 mg/day) were without effect while myotonia and muscular weakness were considerably and quickly improved by mexiletine (400 mg/day). Tests on ergometric bicycle allowed to quantify this improvement. The physiopathological mechanism of muscular weakness is considered as a depolarization block due to the cumulative depolarization which occurs during myotonic discharge. Most antimyotonic drugs belong to the group of local anesthetics. One of their characteristics is a blocking potency depending on the frequency of membrane activity. Their action is predominant on fibers with repetitive discharges; thus they block the myotonic discharge and prevent the membrane block due to cumulative depolarization. All local anesthetics do not have the same antimyotonic effect. The low molecular weight of mexiletine entails a faster time constant for the block recovery of the sodium channel. It follows that the drug block mainly depends on the frequency of membrane activity and this characteristic could explain the remarkable antimyotonic effect of mexiletine. PMID- 6677979 TI - [Disorders of folate metabolism in the Kearns-Sayre syndrome]. AB - In 1958, Kearns and Sayre described a syndrome characterized by external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy and cardiac conduction disorders. Subsequent publications have reported the presence of morphologic anomalies of muscle mitochondria and a spongiform encephalopathy. The study of folate metabolism in the present case demonstrated a marked drop in cerebrospinal fluid folate levels contrasting with normal plasma levels. The origin of this anomaly could be a disturbance in the active transport system of 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate (5 CH3 THF) in the choroidal plexuses. This compound is involved in brain metabolism at different levels: synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases, serotonin metabolism, synthesis and methylation of membrane phospholipids. Therefore a deficit in brain 5 CH3 THF levels could be implicated in the pathophysiology of the spongiform encephalopathy. In the current state of knowledge a relation between folate transfer disorders and mitochondrial anomalies is difficult to establish. PMID- 6677980 TI - [Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and carbamazepine]. AB - Levels of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) were determined in 40 epileptic patients who had been also treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) and, in some patients, phenobarbital (PB) for at least 3 months. alpha 1-AGP levels were also determined in 28 controls. CBZ dit not alter blood levels of alpha 1-AGP while CBZ-PB decreased them. Such results are at variance with recent studies which suggested an increase of alpha 1-AGP in epileptic patients treated either with phenytoin or phenytoin + PB, or + CBZ, or + primidone. PMID- 6677981 TI - [Polymyositis associated with Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome]. AB - A 42-year-old woman with a sicca syndrome associating xerostomia and xerophthalmia developed proximal motor weakness in all four limbs due to a polymyositis. Regression of the motor deficiency followed the administration of corticoid therapy. Polymyositis occurring during the course of Gougerot-Sjogren disease should be treated as a separate entity requiring specific therapy. PMID- 6677982 TI - [Intraoperative exploration in surgery of staghorn lithiasis]. PMID- 6677984 TI - [Vertebral deformities]. PMID- 6677983 TI - [Arteriovenous fistula as a complication of intervertebral disk hernia surgery]. PMID- 6677985 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of kala-azar]. PMID- 6677986 TI - [Disease and violence: social behavior disorders as a response to communicable disease]. PMID- 6677988 TI - [Thoughts on medical education at the University of Sao Paulo Medical School]. PMID- 6677987 TI - [Why the truth should be told to the cancer patient]. PMID- 6677989 TI - [Comparative study of bone callus of osteosynthesis with and without compression]. PMID- 6677990 TI - [Autotransfusion in hemothorax]. PMID- 6677991 TI - [Use of ultrasonography and lymphography in the lymphatic form of paracoccidioidomycosis]. PMID- 6677992 TI - [New parameters for nutritional evaluation--preliminary research]. PMID- 6677993 TI - [Gangrene of the gallbladder after selective angiography of the celiac trunk]. PMID- 6677994 TI - [Systemic capillary leak syndrome. Report of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6677995 TI - [Medical residency and residency in medical schools]. PMID- 6677996 TI - [Therapy of hirsutism associated with obesity using cimetidine and hypocaloric diet: evaluation of androgenic serum profile before and after the treatment]. PMID- 6677997 TI - [Ultrastructure of the ventricular myocardium in uremic patients-- study of 11 cases with biopsy of the heart]. PMID- 6677998 TI - [Therapeutic management of pancreatic fistulas]. PMID- 6677999 TI - [A teaching experience in surgical technic at the University of Sao Paulo Medical School]. PMID- 6678000 TI - [Antisepsis of the hand in the preparation of the surgical team]. PMID- 6678002 TI - [Chronic calculous cholecystitis associated with situs inversus totalis]. PMID- 6678001 TI - [Description of the development of signs and symptoms using a standardized visual scale]. PMID- 6678003 TI - [Biliary involvement in chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6678004 TI - [Portacaval anastomosis in the rat: technic and results]. PMID- 6678005 TI - [Histopathological changes in the ileum and jejunum of patients subjected to a bypass operation for treatment of obesity]. PMID- 6678007 TI - [New variant of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: Gd Sao Paulo]. PMID- 6678006 TI - [A new experimental model of acute hepatic insufficiency]. PMID- 6678008 TI - Crohn's disease with exclusive gastric involvement: a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 6678009 TI - [Plasmapheresis in the treatment of acute renal failure in multiple myeloma: report of a case]. PMID- 6678010 TI - [Malabsorption and the nervous system]. PMID- 6678011 TI - [Nutritional neurologic pathology in the alcoholic]. PMID- 6678012 TI - [Neuropsychologic and electroencephalographic follow-up of low-birth-weight children]. PMID- 6678013 TI - [Metabolic disorder syndrome in alcoholism. Neurophysiologic study of motor conduction velocity, motor conduction sensitivity and auditory, visual and somato sensory evoked potentials in 23 cases]. PMID- 6678014 TI - [Wernicke's encephalopathy. Clinical and catamnestic observations in a series of 10 cases]. PMID- 6678016 TI - [Neuropsychologic study in alcoholism with and without neurologic complications]. PMID- 6678015 TI - [Neuroendocrine and neurovegetative evaluation of alcoholic patients: initial experiences]. PMID- 6678017 TI - [Correlation between computerized tomography and neuropsychologic disorders in alcoholics]. PMID- 6678018 TI - [Clinical and hematochemical profile of delirium tremens. Experience with 72 cases of initial manifestations]. PMID- 6678019 TI - [Aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Diagnosis and therapy of the manifestations of cerebrovascular lesions]. PMID- 6678020 TI - [Contribution to the knowledge of the microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Considerations on 376 surgically treated aneurysms]. PMID- 6678021 TI - [Cerebral arteriovenous malformations: current clinico-therapeutic prospects]. PMID- 6678022 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of intracranial arteriovenous angiomas]. PMID- 6678024 TI - [Neuroradiologic diagnosis of hemorrhage of the brain]. PMID- 6678023 TI - [Spontaneous intracerebral hematoma: indications and limitations of surgical treatment (evaluation of 144 cases)]. PMID- 6678025 TI - [Subarachnoid hemorrhage. A ten-year hospital study in Ravenna]. PMID- 6678026 TI - [Spontaneous hematoma in the posterior fossa (considerations on 18 cases)]. PMID- 6678027 TI - [Anesthesia for operations on intracranial aneurysms. Our method]. PMID- 6678028 TI - [Trans-ventricular drainage of deep inoperable hematomas. Experience with the 1st 25 cases]. PMID- 6678030 TI - [Surgical experience in 49 cases of arteriovenous malformations of the vertebrobasilar system]. PMID- 6678029 TI - [Trans-Sylvian approach in hematomas of the putamen]. PMID- 6678031 TI - [Differential diagnosis: acute hemorrhagic manifestation of an intracranial meningioma]. PMID- 6678032 TI - [Criteria of operability of cerebral laceration and contusion foci. Considerations on 43 cases]. PMID- 6678033 TI - [Herpetic stomatitis and recurrent herpes labialis]. PMID- 6678034 TI - [Genital herpes]. PMID- 6678035 TI - [Herpes in the newborn infant]. PMID- 6678036 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of herpes encephalitis (encephalitis in the newborn infant excepted)]. PMID- 6678037 TI - [Collagen diseases in children, with special reference to transition to an adult type]. PMID- 6678039 TI - [Evaluation and problems of multi-joint surgery in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6678038 TI - [Pathology of arteritis]. PMID- 6678040 TI - [Current methods of treatment of immunologic abnormalities]. PMID- 6678041 TI - Post-graduate training of health care leaders. PMID- 6678042 TI - Efficiency of the complex introduction of scientific organization of labour in curative-prophylactic institutions. PMID- 6678043 TI - Study on the detection and epidemiology of risk factors in ischemic cardiopathy in some localities of Bihor county. PMID- 6678044 TI - Medicine and medical technics production planning in USSR. PMID- 6678045 TI - Opinions regarding the advantages of the solution of some public health problems through therapy with natural products based on apiarian pollen. PMID- 6678046 TI - Preschool mortality in the American continent during 1970-1979: the situation in Cuba. PMID- 6678047 TI - [Gerontological health education of the population]. PMID- 6678048 TI - [Computed tomography in acute closed craniocerebral trauma. I. Diagnosis of contusion foci and intracranial hematomas]. PMID- 6678049 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of skull and brain trauma in children]. PMID- 6678050 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of thrombosed cerebral aneurysms]. PMID- 6678051 TI - [Contrast study of the epidural space]. PMID- 6678052 TI - [Experimental verification and experience in the use of functional pneumoepidurography in the diagnosis of lumbar osteochondrosis]. PMID- 6678053 TI - [Large-frame fluorography under television control in the diagnosis of urogenital neoplasms]. PMID- 6678054 TI - [1st experience with roentgen endovascular therapy of varicocele]. PMID- 6678055 TI - [Improvements in hysterography and hysterosalpingopelviography]. PMID- 6678056 TI - [Intraperitoneal visceral (uterine) phlebography in the diagnosis of tumors]. PMID- 6678057 TI - [Lymphangiographic study in lymphangiomatosis of the bones and soft tissues]. PMID- 6678058 TI - [Nuclear magnetic (radiofrequency) tomography]. PMID- 6678059 TI - [Psychological analysis of the causes of errors in roentgen diagnosis]. PMID- 6678060 TI - [Accuracy of computed tomography, transverse axial tomography and conventional roentgen technology in planning intracavitary irradiation]. PMID- 6678061 TI - [Roentgenological changes in the respiratory organs of workers in electrolytic plants and anodizers]. PMID- 6678062 TI - [Case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus]. PMID- 6678063 TI - [Synchronizer for roentgenography of the thoracic organs in children in the inspiration phase]. PMID- 6678064 TI - [2 cases of cancer of the right half of the colon with spread to the duodenum and formation of duodenocolic fistulae]. PMID- 6678065 TI - [Origin of the odontoid bone]. PMID- 6678066 TI - [Apparatus for orthopantomography of infants]. PMID- 6678067 TI - [Relation between vitamin C consumption and risk of ischemic heart disease]. AB - Interrelation was studied between vitamin C consumption and the prevalence of coronary heart disease and some risk factors in a non-organized male population in Kiev. A reverse relationship was established between vitamin C consumption, the prevalence of coronary heart disease and some risk factors, such as arterial hypertension, hyperlipoproteinemia and overweight. PMID- 6678068 TI - [Use of pyridoxal phosphate and L-dopa in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency in patients with mitral defects and the active phase of rheumatism]. AB - The effects of pyridoxal phosphate (PALP) and L-DOPA on the central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility were studied in 61 patients with associated heart insufficiency and active rheumatic fever. Introduction of PALP into a complex of treatment measures in a dose of 0.06 g a day for 21--24 days provides a more demonstrable effect than that of L-DOPA in a dose of 1.5 g a day for the same time. It is advisable to include PALP into a complex treatment of heart insufficiency in patients with associated mitral valve and active rheumatic fever. PMID- 6678069 TI - [Effects of unbalanced diet on the etiology and course of cholecystitis]. AB - Two groups were followed up. The main group consisted of 200 females and 100 males with cholecystitis. The control group included 100 normal males and 100 females. The effects of 31 factors of irrational nutrition on the development and progress of cholecystitis were studied. Twenty-three factors were found to play a substantial role in males (t greater than 2, P less than 0.05), and 16 in females, which depending on the degree of the effect (according to the Kramer correlation coefficient) are arranged by the order of importance. Of the greatest importance are factors as frequent consumption of fatty and fried food, increased consumption of smoked foods, abundant meals, decreased consumption of vegetables. The knowledge of these unfavourable factors enables the design of specific prophylactic recommendations aimed at making the population nutrition regimen and rhythms more rational. PMID- 6678070 TI - [Analysis of controversial concepts of human nutrition]. PMID- 6678071 TI - [Antacid bifilact and its effectiveness in the treatment of chronic gastroduodenitis and ulcer disease in children]. AB - Antacid bifilact was applied for the first time to the treatment of 30 patients with gastroduodenitis and peptic ulcer. This enabled one to remove the disease clinical manifestations within the shortest time possible, to normalize the acid forming function of the stomach and upset microecology of the intestine, lysozyme activity of alimentary secretions. The formulation and know how for antacid bifilact, a new dietetic product, are described. PMID- 6678073 TI - [Biomedical evaluation of the protein concentrate obtained from grape seeds]. AB - The tolerance and assimilability of the protein concentrate from the seeds of grape contained in the diet in different amounts were studied under clinical conditions in 5 normal males aged from 30 to 45 years. The clinicobiochemical findings do not indicate that the protein concentrate has an adverse effect on the body of man. PMID- 6678072 TI - [Biological evaluation of new types of sausages]. AB - New types of sausages intended for the pregnant and lactating mothers suffering from anemias were assessed from the medical and biological standpoints at the Almalyk and Tashkent meat-packing plants. Subject to examination were 3 versions of new experimental sausages. Doktorskaya sausage was used as control. The physicochemical and amino acid composition of sausages is described. The sausage was found to be rich in all the nutrients which are necessary for anemic women. The amino acid composition of sausages was determined relative to the reference FAO/WHO scale. The biological value was determined in male Wistar rats. Experimental sausages were found to be high-protein products containing 19.6 mg/100 ml iron, 64 micrograms/100 ml copper and 9.5 micrograms/100 ml cobalt. Thus, these sausages may be included into the diet of the pregnant and lactating mothers suffering from anemias. PMID- 6678074 TI - [Absorption of protein antigens in the gastrointestinal system of rats and guinea pigs]. AB - The permeability of the gastrointestinal tract of adult rats for 3H-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 3H-chick albumin (CA) were studied and compared during intragastric administration via a tube. The content of structures with antigenicity of initial proteins was measured in the peripheral blood serum and salt liver extract obtained on homogenate centrifugation. It was found that CA, as compared with BSA, was capable to penetrate the gastrointestinal barrier in a greater amount and to preserve its initial antigenicity, which correlated with a higher resistance to acid denaturation and proteolysis. The permeability of gastrointestinal tract for CA was also examined in rats and guinea-pigs. It was demonstrated that the content of structures having antigenicity of initial CA in the blood serum and liver of rats was significantly higher than in guinea-pigs. It is concluded that this fact is related to the differences in the organization and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract in different animals. PMID- 6678076 TI - [Effects of a diet with various protein contents on the life span of rats]. AB - A study was made of the effects of 3 food diets containing 22, 12 and 12% of protein (the latter diet included hydrolysates) on the lifespan of old animals. Protein metabolism was studied concurrently from excretion of nitrogenous metabolism products with urine, from the level of free amine acids in the tissues, the content of proteins and its fractions in the blood serum, and urea in the tissues. The biological value of the diets proposed was estimated in experiments on young animals. The mean lifespan of old animals was found to decrease if the animals were fed the diet containing protein hydrolysates. PMID- 6678075 TI - [Effects of fats of diverse nature on the acid-base equilibrium in animals of various ages]. AB - The effects of fats of different origin (butter, sunflower oil, butter margarine) on the acid-base equilibrium (ABE) were studied in young and old animals (white male rats). The shifts developing within the ABE system were determined by the nature of the fat and the animals' age. Intake of butter and margarine entailed the development of acidosis which was more demonstrable in old animals whereas vegetable oil did not produce any appreciable effect. A close relationship was discovered between acidosis in the ABE system and lipidemia as well as the fatty acid composition of the fats under study. PMID- 6678077 TI - [The biological value of semifinished blood products]. PMID- 6678078 TI - [Diet therapy in the dumping syndrome]. PMID- 6678079 TI - [Organization of dietetics for miners]. PMID- 6678080 TI - Reasons for smoking cessation among a random sample of North Carolina nurses. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess selected correlates of successful smoking cessation among a random sample of 600 professional nurses in North Carolina. A questionnaire utilizing multiple choice and/or Likert responses was mailed to a 1% sample of all active and inactive nurses registered with the N.C. Board of Nursing. Respondents were categorized as former, current, and never smokers. Emphasis on morbidity, mortality, and decreased respiratory function appears to have had the greatest impact on smoking cessation. Approximately half indicated the pressure from family and friends to stop smoking was a reason for their smoking cessation. Recommendations for individual and institutional interventions that will contribute to smoking cessation are identified. PMID- 6678081 TI - Sex, intimacy, and the older woman. AB - Elderly women have normal romantic and sexual fantasies. Bodies age but dreams and feelings may remain forever young. That is every person's privilege at any age. Intimacy is a joy that has many levels, only one of which is sexual but all aspects are open to aware older women who refuse to be disenfranchised by our commercial emphasis on youth. Older women continue to care and to share, they also recognize the barriers to, the benefits of, and the lasting ways to attain closeness into late age. PMID- 6678082 TI - Sexual assault trauma and trauma change. AB - An exploratory model of variables affecting level of sexual assault trauma at given times and change in trauma levels over time is developed and tested using a sample of female rape victims admitted to a treatment center over a two-year period. Based on a one-way analysis of variance and multiple classification analysis, the findings indicate that a previous rape best explains trauma change, while victim's demographics, social supports, and other prior life stress variables are important at specific time periods during the rape trauma syndrome. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of treatment-related issues. PMID- 6678083 TI - Mental health problem assessment and information support: directions of WHO's work. PMID- 6678084 TI - Mental health problems in the community: a discussion of their assessment. PMID- 6678085 TI - Review of differences in mental health indicators used in national publications: recommendations for their standardization. PMID- 6678086 TI - Validity and reliability of trends in suicide statistics. AB - For a number of reasons, suicide is under-reported and the reliability of official rates is subject to error through variations in defining and reporting cases, the kind of inaccuracy encountered when ascertaining cases in studies of mortality from any cause. Nevertheless, the evidence from studies designed to see whether these sources of error invalidate the differences reported between cultural and social groups indicates that they are of a random nature, at least to an extent that allows epidemiologists to compare rates between countries and districts within them, between demographic groups, and over periods of time. The accuracy and hence the value of official suicide statistics has been questioned in recent years to an extent that has led some authorities to dismiss their usefulness in epidemiological research. In England and Wales, a decision as to whether an unexpected or violent death is a suicide or not is normally made at a coroner's inquest; similar, but by no means identical procedures are followed in other developed countries. Cases defined and ascertained in this way are the usual source of national suicide statistics. Indeed, it may be claimed that the medical and post-mortem inquiry together with the evidence of witnesses on the psychological and social circumstances relating to the act, entail a more thorough investigation into this cause of death than is usual in compiling the statistics of deaths from other causes. Consider by contrast the General Registrar Office enquiry into the accuracy of reporting other causes of death (1). When, for example, deaths from cancer of the lung are registered before holding a post-mortem and the cause of death is later checked by a pathologist, the net error is about 16%. The conclusions drawn from official cancer statistics, however, are not seriously questioned. It is thus reasonable to expect suicide statistics, despite inaccuracies, also to be of heuristic value particularly as over-reporting is negligible, and it is only under-reporting, not a matter in dispute, that need be considered. Studies of under-reporting of suicide include those done in England and Wales (2), Scotland (3), and in Ireland where McCarthy & Walsh (4) examined coroners' case records in Dublin using clinical criteria to assess the probability of suicide. Though their revised rate was considerably higher than the official one, the Irish rate is still exceptionally low when compared with other countries. Barraclough (5) confirmed by other means that the adjusted rate was still half that of England.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6678087 TI - Indicators of physical, mental and social wellbeing. PMID- 6678089 TI - Psychosocial components of national health strategies. PMID- 6678088 TI - Extent of drug abuse: an international review with implications for health planners. PMID- 6678091 TI - Child deaths in Lusaka (a review of children brought in dead to the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) Lusaka 1980-1981). PMID- 6678090 TI - Impact of health education programme on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of people in cholera affected areas of Luapula Province--Zambia. PMID- 6678092 TI - Direct vision urethrotomy in the management of urethral strictures: (a preliminary report). PMID- 6678093 TI - Pelvic fractures (a review of 120 cases). PMID- 6678094 TI - Salmonella & Shigella carrier rate of food handlers in Lusaka. PMID- 6678095 TI - Experience in the management of intussusception in Zambian children. PMID- 6678096 TI - Anal duct carcinoma (a case report and review of literature). PMID- 6678097 TI - Acrodermatitis enteropathica: (a case report). PMID- 6678098 TI - Homologous partial sequences in dehydrogenases. AB - Such details of the primary structure were sought that are common in all dehydrogenases of known amino acid sequence. Twenty-six sequences of eight kinds of dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, ribitol dehydrogenase, L-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and homoserine dehydrogenase) have been compared by the aid of the artificial intelligence language Prolog, the amino acids being classified into groups according to their chemical properties, and alpha-helix or beta-sheet-forming abilities. We found tetrapeptides that occurred in all dehydrogenases examined. By using these tetrapeptides as markers a population of 84 partial sequences has been described. The partial sequences constituting this population are peptides comprising 35 residues. It has been shown statistically that these peptides form a homogeneous sample as regards the frequency of occurrence of amino acid groups. This statistically homogeneous partial sequences can be regarded as homologous and it is assumed that their presence is characteristic of dehydrogenases. PMID- 6678099 TI - Assembly and reliability of an X-ray microanalyser system with a possibility for independent mass measurement. AB - A new X-ray microanalyser assembly is described, the main parts of which are a JEOL 100 B transmission electron microscope, a JEOL ASID I scanning attachment, an EDAX 183 B semiconductor detector and a KFKI ICA 70 4k multichannel analyser. By using this equipment, qualitative analysis, equivalent to the original EDAX version, can be performed. Furthermore it is possible to visualize simultaneously the spatial distribution of two or more elements in the sample. The mass of the excited volume of the sample can be determined, independently of the X-ray measurements, by using the electron detector of the scanning attachment. The reproducibility of such measurements is demonstrated and a calibration curve is given. By recording the excited mass of the sample during the X-ray analysis, the damage caused by the exciting electron beam was also examined. PMID- 6678100 TI - The importance of changes in ATP and ADP concentrations in the development of the phasic superprecipitation of actomyosin. AB - It has been shown previously that at physiological K+-concentrations the development of superprecipitation has a phasic character. Studying the reason of this effect, by the use of beta-32P-ADP ATP-regeneration from ADP was detected during the first phase of superprecipitation. Myokinase activity of actomyosin may be responsible for the appearance of this first phase of turbidity change of actomyosin suspension. Myokinase contributes to the stabilization of an ATP/ADP ratio within narrow limits. During the first phase of superprecipitation the ATP/ADP ratio is between these limits, while during the second phase the ratio has a low value. This phasic evolution of superprecipitation is, probably connected with the physiological functional state of the muscle (contraction or rigour). PMID- 6678102 TI - Microcomputer acquisition and processing of uterine contractions. AB - A microcomputer system was implemented for reliable, fast and accurate study of in vitro myometrial activity. By the analog-to-digital conversion, uterine contractions are captured, digitized, stored in magnetic disks and subsequently recalled for its mathematical analysis. The system allows to calculate area under the curve, dose-response curves and other parameters, including complex analysis of myometrial activity. Precision and saving time are the main advantages of the system, and it can be used to study any kind of biological waves. Because its low cost and simplicity, this system seems to be suitable for laboratories of physiology, pharmacology or biophysics. PMID- 6678101 TI - Effects of 18-hydroxycorticosterone and of aldosterone on acid-base parameters in the arterial blood of adrenalectomized rats. AB - Adrenalectomized rats were injected twice with either 2 micrograms aldosterone or 6 micrograms 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OH-B) and were then kept either under normal, or high-CO2 respiratory conditions. Arterial blood samples were withdrawn sequentially from T1 (i.e., 70 minutes after the first injection) on, and were then submitted to determinations of pH and PCO2. Bicarbonate levels were calculated from these data. 18-OH-B: 1) increased pH under both conditions; 2) had a tendency to decrease PCO2 in both conditions; the decrease was significant at 130 minutes after injection, under normal conditions; 3) increased CO3H levels at T1 under high-CO2 atmospheres. Aldosterone did not produce changes in pH values, even if injected in doses equimolar to those of 18-OH-B, but showed a tendency--at these higher doses--to decrease PCO2 values. PMID- 6678103 TI - [Localization of chlorine barrier by transepithelial transient electric potentials in rana skin]. AB - The localization of the outermost barrier to chloride influx in the abdominal skin of Leptodactylus ocellatus was investigated by a technique developed by Kidder et al. The method analyses the transient changes in transepithelial electrical potential differences produced when an impermeable anion (SO4(2) or gluconate) is rapidly replaced by Cl in the external bathing solution. The experimental results indicate that the Cl barrier is at the same level as the external Na barrier, that is, at the outward facing membrane of the cells of the stratum granulosum. Further experiments demonstrate that Br behaves like Cl, whereas I seems to behave as an impermeable anion, and that Na is needed for activating the anion permeation mechanism at the external barrier of the epithelium. PMID- 6678104 TI - Effects of indomethacin on thyroid iodine metabolism. AB - Several alterations of thyroid function parameters have been reported in animals treated with indomethacin, and we have studied the effect of this drug on the intrathyroidal iodine metabolism in Wistar rats. Indomethacin was administered by an esophagic tube in two doses (total = 6 mg) given at 0 and 5 hours in experiment I and three doses (total = 9 mg) given at 0, 10 and 23 hours in experiment II. No significant differences in thyroid weight, thyroidal 131I uptake and (131I) iodoaminoacids distribution was observed between the controls and indomethacin treated rats in experiments I and II. In experiment II the intrathyroidal protein bound 131I was not affected by indomethacin, but the extrathyroidal protein bound 131I was markedly affected by the drug, with 72% inhibition. Thyroid peroxidase activity was scarcely affected by the action of the drug. In experiment I indomethacin produced a reduction in serum total thyroxine (T4) of 52%, with a significant elevation in serum total triiodothyronine (T3) of 37%. In experiment II the serum total T4 and T3 levels in indomethacin treated rats were significantly reduced when compared to those of the control rats (77% and 56%, respectively). Serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels did not change in any of the two experiments. In summary, we have found that administration of indomethacin to rats causes an inhibition of thyroid function, measured by decreased thyroid hormone blood levels, without any change in the iodine organification process in these glands. PMID- 6678105 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias and hypnotic intervention: advantages, disadvantages, precautions, and theoretical considerations. PMID- 6678106 TI - Hypnotically accelerated burn wound healing. PMID- 6678107 TI - Group hypnotherapy as an active control strategy in chronic pain. PMID- 6678109 TI - Auto-hypnosis in long distance runners. PMID- 6678108 TI - Ericksonian hypnotherapy of intractable shoulder pain. PMID- 6678110 TI - Hypnosex therapy. PMID- 6678111 TI - Hysterical dystonia successfully treated with post-hypnotic suggestion. PMID- 6678112 TI - Vivid fantasy and imaginative abilities as related to hypnotic responsiveness. PMID- 6678113 TI - Emergency room hypnosis for the burned patient. PMID- 6678114 TI - 'Spontaneous' age regression: a clinical report. PMID- 6678115 TI - Hypnotic analgesia with burns: an initial study. PMID- 6678116 TI - Hypnosis in the early treatment of burns: a pilot study. PMID- 6678117 TI - The Singapore General Hospital Cardiac Rehabilitation and Health Enhancement Programme 1979-1983. AB - The Singapore General Hospital Cardiac Rehabilitation and Health Enhancement Programme has taken in 148 patients since its inception in 1979. The programme initially admitted post myocardial infarction patients but has expanded to include those with coronary by pass surgery. In 1982 the programme developed a health enhancement and preventive cardiology role by taking in participants at high risk--hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. There has been no exercise prescription related deaths during the exercises. PMID- 6678118 TI - Lessons from the decline in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease mortality in the USA. AB - Coronary mortality in the U.S. has dramatically lessened in the past 15 years, and it appears that this trend is continuing. It is as yet uncertain whether the incidence of coronary disease has been altered. The extent to which this favourable trend reflects an improvement in overall medical care, the components related to a decrease in modifiable coronary risk factors in the population, and the contribution of a number of other variables remains to be determined. PMID- 6678119 TI - Stroke rehabilitation--Singapore experience. AB - A total of 1310 cases of cerebrovascular disease with neurological deficit admitted for rehabilitation at the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, during the past 10 years (1973 to 1982) are collected and analysed. Those cases due to head injury or brain tumours are excluded from this study. 763 (58.24%) were males and 547 (41.76%) were females. 48.24% were above the age of 60, and there was almost an equal distribution of left and right hemiplegics (642 left hemiplegics and 615 right hemiplegics), with 53 having bilateral stroke. 77.25% of the cases were caused by cerebral thrombosis. 808 (61.68%) cases had hypertension, and 298 (22.75%) cases suffered from diabetes mellitus. After rehabilitation, 89.01% of the cases were ambulant with or without aids or appliances, and 91.91% were either fully independent or partially independent in self-care activities. 95.8% of the patients stayed less than three months in hospital, and 48.09% were able to go home within the first month of hospitalisation. Out of 668 cases who were working before the onset of stroke, 338 (50.60%) could return to gainful employment after their discharge from the hospital. PMID- 6678120 TI - Rehabilitation of newly reconstructed thumb. AB - This paper documents the rehabilitation of newly reconstructed thumb using five different techniques of creating a new thumb. We have attempted to assess the functional usefulness that each method offers to the recipient hand. PMID- 6678121 TI - Total bladder care for the spinal cord injured patient. AB - The neurogenic bladder and urinary tract infection is a common complication following spinal cord injury. The author discusses a new concept in the bladder defense mechanism against infection and two new simplified sterile intermittent self catheterisation procedures. PMID- 6678122 TI - Death in sports and recreation. AB - In a 10 year survey of deaths during sports and recreation, 110 deaths occurred and 80% of these were due to unnatural causes, the majority being drowning. Twenty-two cases were due to natural causes mainly due to failure of the circulatory system. The mechanism of death was briefly discussed and it was deemed advisable for those who are going to undertake a training programme in running or athletics to have a medical examination. This is especially important if one is over 30 years of age and have family history of heart disease and high blood pressure and those who led a sedentary life. PMID- 6678123 TI - The three tier family support system in care of the elderly. AB - Changes in work and social patterns have led to reexamination of the role of the three tier family in caring for the elderly. This paper examines current knowledge about the changing function of the three tier family, the benefits to the family and the elders, and the potential problems and costs of such arrangements. Recommendations are made regarding social policies and formal supports which will encourage and enhance positive function of multi-generational families. PMID- 6678124 TI - Exercise prescription. AB - The prescribing of exercise for the patient with ischaemic heart disease demands, for reasons of safety as well as efficacy, precision in specifying not only the mode but also the intensity, duration and frequency of training sessions. A preliminary exercise test is essential, and preferably this should include the collection and analysis of expired gases in order to measure oxygen consumption and estimate anaerobic threshold. Walking, progressing to jogging as the patient becomes fitter, is the most appropriate mode to use since it requires little or no equipment, can be interpreted easily in terms of distance and pace, and requires little or no motor skill. Games and sports, particularly those of a competitive nature, should be added only as the cardiovascular system becomes more conditioned and then at the discretion of the physician. PMID- 6678125 TI - Medical rehabilitation in the present and a promise for the future. AB - Advances in medical care have made it possible for individuals to survive serious accidents or illness. Many of these survivors will be disabled, a significant portion severely disabled. Dependence caused by disability results in enormous social costs. Medical rehabilitation can reduce such costs by helping the disabled utilise their abilities and increase their independence. Attempts to control costs of health care through health care financing have led to new approaches to providing rehabilitation services to those suffering from chronic impairments and long term disabilities. PMID- 6678126 TI - Rehabilitation after burn injury. AB - Optimal rehabilitation of patients after burn injury requires the organised application of sound, recognised principles. The basic concerns are the prevention of loss of joint motion, loss of muscle mass, and the prevention of anatomical deformities. Important considerations are starting the rehabilitative programme as early as possible after injury and avoiding techniques which unduly immobilise the patient or parts of the body. The use of early active motion to the patient and all movable joints, along with appropriate positioning while at rest, is crucial to a successful programme. Passive exercising along with the use of restraints and splints are necessary in certain patients. PMID- 6678127 TI - Principles of rehabilitation medicine as applied to lesions of the peripheral nerves. AB - The increase in the knowledge of pain mechanisms has contributed to a wide variety of modalities available to treat this sensory disability. More recent experience has shown that an intensive multidisciplinary approach gives better success rates. Further involvement of physicians, surgeons and basic scientists in the study of pain can only lead to mutual benefit. PMID- 6678128 TI - Exercise and the aging process. AB - Clinical and research evidence confirms that adequate physical exercise (1) counterbalances and delays the age-related changes in work capacity and physical performance, (2) develops, maintains and improves the range of motion, muscular strength, flexibility, balance, rhythm and endurance and (3) reduces the damage and disability of associated cardiovascular, musculo-skeletal and other organ systems in aging persons. PMID- 6678129 TI - Oral glucose tolerance tests in newborn infants. AB - Oral glucose tolerance tests ( GTTs ) were performed on 15 fullterm (Group I), 12 preterm low birth weight (Group II) and 16 preterm very low birth weight (Group III) infants who were clinically stable. GTT was done on the third postnatal day in Groups I & II and serially at different postnatal ages in Group III (days 3, 7, 14, 21 & 28). After 4 hours of fasting capillary blood samples were collected for plasma glucose estimation at fasting and for a 3-hour period following oral intake of 1.75 gm/kg of glucose. Mean plasma glucose levels were comparable in Groups I & II at all stages. Group III infants had lower mean plasma glucose which increased with postnatal age. Significantly higher values were observed as late as 150 minutes in days 3, 7 & 14 groups compared with days 21 and 28 of Group III. Our data suggest that larger and more mature preterm low birth weight infants (greater than or equal to 1501 gm and greater than or equal to 34 weeks' gestation) were capable of handling glucose as efficiently as term infants. Preterm very low birth weight infants (less than or equal to 1500 gm and less than or equal to 33 weeks' gestation) exhibited impaired glucose tolerance during the first two weeks of life. PMID- 6678130 TI - The role of sympathomimetic amines in the dyspnoea of thyrotoxicosis. AB - Nine untreated thyrotoxic patients (5 males and 4 females) aged 23 to 56 years who complained of dyspnoea on moderate exertion were studied. Measurements of forced expiratory volume (FEV1), vital capacity (VC) and total lung capacity (TLC), oxygen consumption, (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2) and the minute ventilation (VE) were determined on three occasions: before treatment; after treatment with propranolol and after carbimazole. Dyspnoea disappeared in 4 patients out of 9 after treatment with propranolol, while none were dyspnoeic when they became euthyroid. There was no significant difference in FEV1, VC, TLC and FRC on the three occasions. The differences between the VO2, VCO2 and VE before treatment and these values after treatment with carbimazole were significant. We conclude that the dyspnoea of thyrotoxicosis is due to both the effect of catecholamines and the metabolic effect of thyroxine. PMID- 6678131 TI - Experiences in the management of chest injuries and a review of current management. AB - Eleven cases of chest trauma managed in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Alexandra Hospital were reviewed. Common manifestations were: rib fractures, haemothorax, pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion and flail chest. Nine patients had fractures on other sites of the body and three patients had associated abdominal injuries requiring laparotomy. Patients were referred to the ICU only when they were in respiratory distress. Transfer to the ICU occurred one to three days after admission to the hospital. Eight patients subsequently had to be ventilated. Two patients died. Respiratory failure in chest trauma is often the result of damage to the parenchyma, atelectasis and infection. Whilst the extent of parenchyma lung damage is dependent upon the severity of the injury and therefore not medically preventable, atelectasis and infection can be avoided. Patients with significant chest trauma should therefore be admitted directly to the Intensive Care Unit and the 'Expectant Therapy' instituted. PMID- 6678132 TI - Cardiac denervation in diabetes. AB - Cardiac parasympathetic damage is the earliest indicator of cardiac denervation in the diabetic. This was assessed in 35 diabetics by beat-to-beat variation expressed as Maximum-Minimum Heart Rate; 30/15 Ratio and the Standard Deviation of the R-R intervals. Both the 30/15 Ratio and the Maximum-Minimum Heart Rate methods showed good correlation of results and the drawbacks of each method were discussed. Although there was no good correlation between the duration of diabetes and impaired beat-to-beat variation, late complications of diabetes were associated with impaired autonomic function tests. The natural history and the importance of detection of diabetic autonomic neuropathy were both discussed. PMID- 6678133 TI - Peptic ulcer today. PMID- 6678134 TI - Gastric acid secretion in duodenal ulcer disease in the Malaysia-Singapore region. AB - Basal and pentagastrin stimulated acid output was measured in 80 normal and 179 duodenal ulcer subjects of Chinese, Indian and Malay origin. Basal and maximally stimulated acid output was significantly higher in duodenal ulcer patients compared with normal subjects. There was however considerable overlap and less than one in four duodenal ulcer patients were hypersecretors. The acid output (and hence the parietal cell mass) was lower than in Caucasian subjects and this was possibly related to weight differences. The acid output did not differ significantly in the Chinese, Indian and Malay subjects, suggesting that parietal cell mass in the three racial groups is closely similar. The difference in frequency of duodenal ulcer disease in the three racial groups is thus not related to gastric secretory capacity. PMID- 6678135 TI - Psychological characteristics of duodenal ulcer patients (a pilot report on 30 patients). AB - A psychological investigation of 30 duodenal ulcer patients showed that their profile differed from that of the Western patients in that drinking, smoking, anxiety, depression and psychopathy were not more common than in the general population. Psychological stress as measured by recent life events was low, but 40% had complaints relating to their work. Their scores for Friedman's Type A Behavior as measured by the Bortner's Scale was low. They had a high Lie Score for the Eysenck Personality Inventory indicating a desire to project a socially desirable image. PMID- 6678136 TI - The use of one gram daily cimetidine in the treatment of peptic ulcer in Singapore. AB - An open study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Cimetidine one gram daily in the treatment of peptic ulcer amongst outpatients in Singapore. Forty patients with duodenal ulcer and fourteen patients with gastric ulcer were entered into the study. Ulcer healing was assessed by endoscopy. At six weeks 85% of duodenal ulcers and 64% of gastric ulcers healed. Although the study is uncontrolled the figures suggest that Cimetidine I gram daily is effective in the treatment of duodenal ulcer in Singapore outpatients. The efficacy of Cimetidine in gastric ulcer, however requires further study. PMID- 6678138 TI - Intestinal lymphangiectasia--a case report. AB - Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare cause of protein-losing enteropathy. We report here our first case, a young girl presenting at the age of ten months at the Department of Paediatrics, Singapore General Hospital with generalised oedema and diagnosed to have intestinal lymphangiectasia proven by intestinal biopsy. The literature on some aspects of the subjects is also reviewed. PMID- 6678137 TI - Cancer of the pancreas--a clinical study of 22 patients. AB - A retrospective study of 22 patients with cancer of the pancreas seen in a medical department was carried out. The mean age was 61.7 years, although the youngest was only 32 years. Weight loss, pain and jaundice were the most frequent presenting symptoms. Hepatomegaly and jaundice were the most common physical findings. The gall bladder was palpable in 27.3%. Serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and ESR were raised in most cases. Ultrasound examination was done in 72.7% of cases and was diagnostic in 62.5% with 12.5% falsely negative. Five patients had CT scan of the abdomen, of which 4 were diagnostic. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram was positive in all the 8 patients where it was carried out. The cancer was of the pancreatic head in 72.7%. Gallstones were present in 22.7%. Secondary tumour involvement of the liver was present in 40.9%. Laparotomy was performed in 11 patients of which only 2 had a curative procedure (Whipple's operation). The overall prognosis was very poor: 54.5% died during the same admission. PMID- 6678139 TI - Whole bowel irrigation--an alternative to traditional bowel washout. AB - The objective of this study was to determine whether or not whole bowel irrigation through oral route was a safe and acceptable alternative to traditional bowel washout per rectum in preparation for large bowel surgery. Out of a total of 114 patients, 32 had whole bowel irrigation, 71 had traditional washout and 11 had no bowel preparation. The irrigation involved approximately 12 litres of normal saline over an average period of 3 1/4 hours. The preparation of the colon by whole bowel irrigation was better as indicated by total absence of faeces and the cleanliness of the colon at operation. However, there was no significant difference in wound infection rate between the two groups although the severity of wound infection was lesser in the first group. There were no major complications like anastomotic breakdown, burst abdomen, abscess or fistula formation and septicaemia in this group. Based on this experience we believe that whole bowel irrigation is a good alternative method of bowel preparation. The advantages of this method are that it is short and rapid, avoiding prolonged pre operative hospitalisation and is acceptable to most patients. PMID- 6678140 TI - Automated blood pressure reading--its claims and its reliability. AB - Advances in technology have made available automated devices for rapid and easy measurements of arterial blood pressure. This study evaluates the performance of one such device, the Hitachi Digital Blood Pressure and Pulse Monitor, Model HME 20, against a standard mercury sphygmomanometer, the Accoson . Fifty four sets of systolic and diastolic readings were simultaneously obtained using the two instruments. The readings obtained by both methods correlated significantly with each other (p less than 0.001). However, the mean diastolic pressure obtained by HME-20 is significantly lower than that obtained by the Accoson (p less than 0.05). There is also a consistent underestimation of systolic and diastolic pressures of 8 mm Hg by HME-20. Moreover, linear correlation studies between HME 20 and Accoson readings reveal that the 95% confidence limits are fairly wide, which limit, therefore, the value of a single reading by HME-20. Our preliminary evaluation suggests that HME-20 is more suited to monitor the trend of blood pressure changes rather than to provide precise determination of arterial blood pressures. PMID- 6678141 TI - Breast feeding: social, economic and medical considerations. AB - A certain attitude and lifestyle is needed if breast feeding is to be successful. It must have priority over all other activities save the very basic ones. The rural environment provides a situation in which breast feeding can flourish . With urbanisation and the accompanying change in lifestyle breast feeding becomes very difficult. Since successful breast feeding needs strong motivation, the change in attitude of urbanised wives makes it even more unlikely. The Singapore experience demonstrates this convincingly; even though awareness of the benefits of breast feeding is widespread, the motivation to breast feed is not. Remedial measures should take into consideration the need to motivate the mother and family, the prevention of commercial infant food companies influencing public opinion, and incentives for the working mothers to breast feed. PMID- 6678142 TI - Cardiac beri beri--an old disease in modern Singapore--2 case reports. AB - This case report presents two Malay brothers who developed acute high output congestive cardiac failure within two weeks of each other. They gave a history of excessive alcohol consumption for six months, and glue sniffing for one year. The serum pyruvate levels were elevated in both prior to treatment. Haemodynamic studies were done in the second brother, and measurements obtained before, during and after treatment. A dramatic clinical response to parenteral thiamine was observed in both patients in the acute stage. The haemodynamic study was repeated after three months and showed a normal pattern. PMID- 6678143 TI - [Effect of estrogens on the value of serum thyroglobulin]. AB - Serum thyroglobulin (TG) is considered as a useful index of differentiated thyroid carcinoma evolution. Previous studies have suggested that TG levels might be dependent upon oestrogens. Here TG levels were determined in volunteers , free of any thyroid disease, divided into 5 groups according to estrogen level. Results (mean +/- s.d.) indicated that Tg levels in men group A (n = 9): 6,6 +/- 2,8 ng/ml in women undergoing oestroprogestagen treatment group B (n = 10) 3,7 +/ 1,5 ng/ml; in women free of oestroprogestaten treatment group C (n = 10): 5,9 +/ 4,0 ng/ml; in pregnant women group D (n = 40): 4,6 +/- 2,7 ng/ml, and in parturient women group E (n = 4): 7,2 +/- 2,2 ng/ml; were not correlated to estrogen levels. However, in a group where thyroid gland was not carefully examined i.c. a "blood doners group", a difference (p less than 0,005) was found between women (29 +/- 15) and men (14 +/- 9). Sex and estrogen levels there fore do not influence the TG index which as a result can be used in the monitoring of thyroid carcinoma in pregnant women. PMID- 6678144 TI - [Clinical importance of the level of the free fraction of thyroid hormones]. AB - The physiologic importance of the free fraction of thyroid hormones is well accepted for some time. The determination of free thyroid hormones plasma levels by column chromatography and radio-immunoassays has been tested in our laboratory since november 1980. Six hundred and ten patients have been submitted to a precise anamnesis, a clinical examination and a thyroid investigation by scintigraphy and echography. We have compared the following parameters: T4 and fT4, T3 and fT3, TSH, TBG in euthyroidism and in the pathologic status of hyperthyroidism, we have found an excellent correlation (r greater than 0,9) between the values of T4 and T3 and their free fraction. The determination of fT3 and fT4 seems to be specially interesting in comparison of the T4 and T3 because of the low incidence of false abnormal results in those patients regarding the other parameters. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by a lack of correlation between total and free hormones; the levels of the free fraction being widely increased. The determination of the free hormones levels improves the sensitivity and the accuracy of the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. It permits an early diagnosis of the disease, an earlier detection of the recurrence and makes easier the follow-up of the treated patients. In hypothyroidism, there is a so light decrease in the value of fT3 and fT4 that the TSH estimation remains the method of choice to assure the diagnosis. Thus, we can conclude that the determination of fT3 and fT4 by column chromatography and radio-immunoassays is more discriminating in euthyroidism and hyperthyroidism. In hypothyroidism TSH and fT4 are the most sensitive parameters. PMID- 6678145 TI - Human interferons and their purification. AB - The present paper describes briefly the procedure used in our laboratory for the preparation of HuIFN-alpha. Induction of interferon was carried out in the suspension of human leukocytes from peripheral blood, using Newcastle virus as inducer. The optimal conditions to produce interferon were established in the media with and without serum. Moreover, the work reports the results of studies on the purification of HuIFN-alpha and HuIFN-beta interferons. PMID- 6678146 TI - Tuftsin-like activity of amino acids. AB - The results presented in this paper revealed high or moderate activity of ten out of nineteen amino acids tested. Strong activity stimulating phagocytosis was noted in the presence of leucine, isoleucine, proline, arginine and histidine; moderate in the presence of serine, cysteine, hydroxyproline, aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Alanine, glycine, valine, threonine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine and lysine did not stimulate phagocytic activity of PMN. PMID- 6678147 TI - [Autoantibodies in patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease)]. PMID- 6678149 TI - [A study on the mechanism of the potentiating effects of glucocorticoids on the relaxing activity of isoproterenol in guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle]. PMID- 6678148 TI - [Genetic regulation of anemia in New Zealand black mice]. PMID- 6678150 TI - [Smooth muscle contraction augmenting factor produced by human mononuclear cell. II. Produce by subsets of mononuclear cells and effect on the smooth muscle of the trachea]. PMID- 6678151 TI - Serological studies on volunteers inoculated experimentally with a dengue virus strain in 1943. AB - In 1943, a large dengue epidemic occurred in the Osaka district and several samples of dengue virus were isolated from patients with dengue fever by workers in this Institute. These were inoculated into human volunteers to confirm that they were dengue virus. In the present study, serum samples were collected from the volunteers who had been inoculated with dengue virus and were examined serologically. In the neutralization test, all the sera showed a higher titer against dengue type 1 virus (DEN-1) than against the other three types of dengue virus, indicating that the virus strain isolated in 1943 was DEN-1. PMID- 6678152 TI - Cytogenetic studies in couples with multiple spontaneous abortions. AB - Chromosome studies were performed on a series of 117 couples referred for genetic counseling following two or more spontaneous abortions. Of the 222 individuals karyotyped, in five cases a chromosomal aberration was found. Four cases had a balanced translocation, and one revealed to be a 46,XX/45, X mosaic. PMID- 6678153 TI - Squamous breast cancer: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Squamous carcinoma of the breast is a rare neoplasm and should not be confused with spindle cell skin carcinoma which derives from the nipple. Differential diagnosis includes other primary (e.g. medullary) carcinomas where more or less extensive zones of typical or atypical squamous metaplasia are found. The pathogenesis of this neoplasm as well as its biological behavior is discussed in the light of personal experience. Literature data are reviewed. PMID- 6678154 TI - Myofibroblasts in the epithelial-stromal junction of basal cell carcinoma. AB - The epithelial-stromal junction of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been investigated at the electron microscope level. The fibroblast-like cells surrounding the epithelial nests of BCC appear to be myofibroblasts. According to the present view of the function of myofibroblasts, their presence around BCC could be related to the slow invasiveness of this tumour. PMID- 6678155 TI - Fluorescent demonstration of the Paneth cell granules. AB - Blancofor BA produces a fluorescent staining of Paneth cell granules. It is very likely that this staining is related to the presence of a basic protein in the core of the granule. None of the other types of intestinal cells showed a fluorescent reaction with this substance. PMID- 6678156 TI - Lactating supernumerary mammary gland tissue in the vulva. AB - 2 cases of supernumerary breast tissue in the vulva observed in pregnant women are reported. The mammary tissue showed histological features typical of the lactating breast and immunohistochemical evidence of milk protein production. PMID- 6678157 TI - Occurrence of different types of contractile cells in some lung fibrosis. AB - Two different morphologic patterns of pulmonary fibrosis have been identified by means of anti-actin antisera and electron microscopy. The first type, observed in chronic passive congestion and also in radiation-induced fibrosis, is characterized by hyaline alveolar walls, with scarce cells, mostly normal fibroblasts. The second type, on the contrary, shows a high cellularity of the alveolar walls with actin-rich cell proliferation, i.e. contractile interstitial cells in usual interstitial pneumonia and shock lung, myofibroblasts in organizing pneumonia, and smooth muscle cells in honeycomb lungs. PMID- 6678158 TI - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in primary malignant and metastatic bone tumors. AB - 56 malignant bone neoplasms (15 primary and 41 metastatic), diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy, are reported. 100% diagnostic accuracy was achieved. The results indicate that fine-needle aspiration biopsy can be a substitute for open surgical biopsy in selected cases. PMID- 6678159 TI - Combined effects of cholestyramine and probucol on regression of atherosclerosis in rhesus monkey aortas. AB - Adult male rhesus monkeys were fed a high fat, high cholesterol diet for 13 months. During the subsequent 12 months this diet was continued, but the animals were also treated with cholestyramine and/or probucol. The combined drug treatment caused lowering of blood cholesterol without a change in HDL cholesterol. Regression of plaques was more marked than in animals treated with either drug alone. Animals remained in good health during the treatment period. PMID- 6678161 TI - Proceedings of the 7th congress of the Sociedade Brasileira de Biofisica. December 15-17, 1982, Rio de Janeiro. Abstracts. PMID- 6678162 TI - Proceedings of the 18th congress of the Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia. April 17-20, 1983, Sao Lourenco, MG. Abstracts. PMID- 6678160 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis of the lung. An immunohistochemical study. AB - 11 cases of lymphomatoid granulomatosis, selected because of available immunological data, are presented. The evolution of these cases has been studied by repeated biopsies and/or eventual autopsy using immunohistochemical methods. The follow-up period ranged between 1 and 144 months. All cases but 2 died of a direct or indirect consequence of their disease; 1 of the 2 patients still alive presented a recurrence after 3 years. The histological changes which occurred in the infiltrates argue in favor of a neoplastic transformation of the disease after a variable lapse in time, in spite of treatment. The death is due either directly to the neoplasia or to an infectious complication enhanced by the treatment. The malignancy which follows is generally an immunoblastic lymphoma. Immunohistochemical studies show that the infiltrates are polyclonal in the early phases of the disease and become monoclonal in the late stages. In many cases the transformation into a 'B' immunoblastic lymphoma is marked by the appearance of a monoclonal gammopathy. These immunohistochemical studies support the opinion that the lymphomatoid granulomatosis is a peculiar situation between a reactive and neoplastic state but which evolves eventually into the latter. PMID- 6678163 TI - Proceedings of the 8th congress of the Sociedade Brasileira de Biofisica. December 14-16, 1983, Rio de Janeiro. Abstracts. PMID- 6678164 TI - Study on the histogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma induced in hamsters by diisopropanolnitrosamine. PMID- 6678165 TI - Clinical investigation on serum ferritin in patients with leukemia. PMID- 6678166 TI - [Maculopathies after retinal detachment]. PMID- 6678168 TI - [Late results of trabeculectomy in chronic simple glaucoma. Apropos of the operations performed at the Ophthalmologic Clinic of Strasbourg from 1975 to 1981]. PMID- 6678167 TI - [Benign development of Purtscher's syndromes]. PMID- 6678169 TI - [Iridoschisis and glaucoma. Scanning microscopy of the iris and trabeculum]. PMID- 6678170 TI - [Ophthalmologic ways and customs of the correction of aphakia by glasses]. PMID- 6678171 TI - [Hydron soft toric lenses. Prescription and exchanges]. PMID- 6678172 TI - [Importance of the lateral rectus muscle of the deviated eye after recession of the medial rectus muscle]. PMID- 6678173 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the inferior oblique muscle]. PMID- 6678174 TI - [Fourier's rapid transformation and principle component analysis in the study of visual evoked potentials]. PMID- 6678175 TI - [Exophytic juxtapapillary capillary hemangioma]. PMID- 6678176 TI - [Vitrectomy and intraocular silicone. Apropos of 59 cases]. PMID- 6678177 TI - [Practice of orthoptic rehabilitation in Professor Rene Hugonnier's department from 1979 to 1981]. PMID- 6678178 TI - [Corneal cryopreservation: an experimental study and histological control in the rabbit]. PMID- 6678179 TI - [Intravitreous injections of gas in the microsurgery of retinal detachment]. PMID- 6678180 TI - [Importance of the motor element in the treatment of amblyopia in children under 2 years of age]. PMID- 6678182 TI - [Unilateral congenital cataract makes the eye myopic]. PMID- 6678181 TI - [Cytology of the surface of intraocular implants and choroid melanoma]. PMID- 6678183 TI - [Vitrectomy in vascular diseases of the fundus oculi. Apropos of the 34 initial cases in 283 vitrectomies]. PMID- 6678184 TI - [Therapeutic attitudes to malignant melanomas of the anterior uvea. Apropos of 4 recent cases]. PMID- 6678185 TI - [2 new cases of Aicardi's syndrome]. PMID- 6678186 TI - Waking at night: the effect of early feeding experience. AB - The mothers of 180 preschool children were interviewed in their homes in a survey of feeding preferences and sleeping behaviour. We report here on the differences in current sleeping patterns and the age at which night feeds were dropped. There are clear differences in these two behaviours according to whether the baby was breast or bottle fed, and this result is not explicable in terms of social class. Night feeds disappear more slowly in the breast fed infant, and the problem of night waking both in the first year of life and when at nursery school appears to be associated with earlier breast feeding. The importance of such a finding is discussed in relation to the advice offered to mothers by health professionals. PMID- 6678187 TI - Prolonged breast feeding related to later solid food acceptance. AB - 132 full-term healthy infants were studied for the first 18 months of life and parents were interviewed regarding their child's acceptance of solid foods. Results indicate that infants breast fed for less than 3 months showed a better acceptance of solid foods at 18 months than those breast fed for 6 months or more. It would appear that prolonged breast feeding increases resistance to weaning, and that later feeding problems can be reduced if chewable foods are introduced at an appropriate age. PMID- 6678188 TI - The unintelligible child: a problem for the health care team. AB - As a result of the rapid growth of applied psycholinguistic research it is necessary to explode some of the myths of normal and abnormal speech development. The following paper is an attempt to clarify the nature of phonological development and disability and to draw general implications for assessment and management of the unintelligible child. PMID- 6678189 TI - Behaviour problems in children followed from 5 to 8 1/2-9 years of age and their relation to educational attainment. AB - Children from a cohort of consecutive births identified with behaviour problems by the Richman Screening Questionnaire at the age of 5 years continued to have behaviour problems, as assessed by the Rutter parental questionnaire and the Bristol Social Adjustment Guide, more frequently at the age of 8 1/2-9 years than matched control children. No difference between the groups in non-verbal IQ was identified by the Pidgeon Non-Verbal Test BD. The Neale Test of Reading Ability showed delays of 5 months for both accuracy and comprehension for the study group compared with the controls. These results confirm the recent findings of Richman and others (1982) in a different setting. PMID- 6678190 TI - Early abandonment of breast feeding: causes and effects. AB - One hundred and six primiparous women were interviewed late in pregnancy and at 4 and 14 months post-partum. Information was obtained about infant feeding and various psychological and social variables at each stage, and about infant temperament at the 4 and 14 months post-partum interviews. Few social or psychological variables related to the duration of breast feeding, nor was there a relationship between the child's temperament and the type of feeding or duration of breast feeding. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6678192 TI - Reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis. PMID- 6678191 TI - Rheumatoid vasculitis. PMID- 6678194 TI - Musculoskeletal involvements in female sexual partners of males with Reiter's syndrome. AB - To examine the occurrence of signs and symptoms of Reiter's syndrome (RS) in female sexual partners of males with RS we have investigated 43 female consorts of 42 males, originating from 72 consecutive patients suffering from RS or suspicion of RS (SRS). Anamnestic mono-, oligo- or polyarthritis occurred in 14 of the 43 females (32,6%) as compared to 28 out of 311 randomly selected interviewed controls (9,0%). Five of the 43 females had RS and 7 had SRS, (27,9%). However, the diagnosis could have been possible with only anamnestic information in 6 (14%) as compared to 7 out of 311 controls (2,3%). Taking into consideration the 30 males whose sexual partners were not investigated, the theoretically counted values still differ significantly from those of the controls (p less than 0.01). A history of urogenital and, on the other hand, nasopharyngeal or pulmonary infections involvements preceded equally frequently the first or further joint attacks. Evidence of chlamydial infection was found in 53,5% (32/43) of the partners while Yersinia antibodies measured by ELISA occurred with the same frequency as among healthy blood donors. We would like to stress the importance of various infectious involvements, especially sexually transmitted diseases, as etiological agents in joint attacks in females who are sexual partners of males with RS. PMID- 6678193 TI - Rheumatoid vasculitis: diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. AB - Rheumatoid vasculitis is an uncommon but potentially catastrophic complication of RA. There are few extensive experiences recorded in the current literature and there is no consensus regarding the clinical features, laboratory findings, histologic pattern, prognosis, or appropriate management of this syndrome. We therefore surveyed 1,947 North American ARA members for their perceptions of rheumatoid vasculitis. Four hundred twenty-eight surveys were returned, of which 290 were suitable for analysis. The majority of respondents were within 10 years of fellowships and were evenly distributed among private practice, and part-time and full-time academic positions. The respondents saw 15-50 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients weekly and less than five RA vasculitis patients annually. The majority correctly diagnosed two actual and complex case histories from patients with and without autopsy-proven vasculitis. Respondents associated the following features most strongly with rheumatoid vasculitis - mononeuritis multiplex, digital gangrene, digital ischemic lesions, nailfold ischemic lesions, non healing leg ulcers, palpable purpura, fingertip nodules, sensory neuropathy, scleromalacia perforans, high titer rheumatoid factor, positive visceral angiography, cryoglobulinemia, hypocomplementemia, circulating immune complexes, and histologic necrotizing vasculitis or vascular transmural neutrophilia. Digital lesions or sensory neuropathy alone were not viewed as portending an ominous prognosis by most respondents and would have been treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antimalarials, gold salts, or D penicillamine. Other clinical manifestations considered as reflecting rheumatoid vasculitis (gangrene, mononeuritis multiplex, ulcers) were thought to worsen prognosis and would have been managed more often with corticosteroids, D penicillamine, cytotoxic agents or plasmapheresis. Rheumatoid vasculitis is viewed as a heterogeneous group of syndromes with varying clinical and histopathologic features,which have different prognostic implications, and therefore should be managed differently. While these dta do not substitute for an extensive recorded series of patients, they provide useful information about community perceptions of an uncommon but difficult clinical problem. They identify the need for additional data to examine the validity of these attitudes. PMID- 6678195 TI - Reiter's syndrome in male sexual partners of females with Reiter's syndrome or suspicion of it. AB - With sexually transmitted rheumatic diseases in mind we investigated 37 male sexual partners of females with Reiter's syndrome (RS) or suspicion of RS (SRS). Controls were 219 randomly selected interviewed males. A history of urogenital involvements was found in 19/37 (51,4%) as compared to 65/219 (29,7%). Anamnestic nonspecific urethritis, dysuria, gonorrhoea, condylomata acuminata and prostatitis occurred more frequently in the 37 males than in the controls (p less than 0.05 - p less than 0.025). Six out of 37 as compared to 5 of 219 had a history of balanitis (p less than 0.0025). Anamnestic synovitis was found in 8/37 (21,6%) and in 9/219 (4,1%) (p less than 0.001) RS or SRS was diagnosed in 6/37 (16,2%). Taking into consideration the consecutive females with RS or SRS, whose sexual partners were not investigated, the theoretical counting still shows clear differences in the anamnestic occurrence of synovitis and balanitis between the 37 males and the controls (p less than 0.0125 - p less than 0.05). The results emphasize the important role of sexually acquired and maintained RS in rheumatology. PMID- 6678196 TI - Timegadine: long-term open study in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The efficacy and tolerability of Timegadine, a new antirheumatic agent, administered at a dose of 250 mg twice daily was evaluated in an open trial of 24 weeks' duration in 31 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. The subjective and objective clinical parameters improved significantly from the 2nd to 6th week of treatment. For some of the parameters further improvement was observed during the continuation of the treatment. At 6 weeks the ESR was significantly decreased, and a further reduction of the ESR was seen with the continuation of the treatment. At the end of the treatment period other humoral parameters of the disease were significantly modified. Moreover, in 65% of the patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis a reduction of the rheumatoid factor titre by at least two dilutions was observed. Five of the 31 patients were withdrawn from treatment due to the appearance of side effects. Although the study was open and the number of patients relatively small, the observed changes in the laboratory parameters of disease activity encourage further investigations to assess the potential of Timegadine as a remissive drug. PMID- 6678197 TI - A comparative trial of timegadine and D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Forty-four patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were entered in a 48-week open study, comparing the long-term effects of Timegadine and D penicillamine. Twenty-three and 21 patients were respectively allocated to the Timegadine and D-penicillamine groups. Two patients of the former group were lost for follow-up, soon after the first baseline. Thus data were available only for 42 patients, 21 in each group of whom eleven completed the 48-week period in each group. Seven patients in the Timegadine group stopped because of ineffectiveness, 2 because of skin eruption and 1 because of acute interstitial pneumonitis. In the D-penicillamine group, 9 patients dropped out: 3 because of proteinuria, 2 because of stomatitis, 1 because of dizziness and 1 because of headache. Pain (visual analogue scale), number of swollen and painful joints improved significantly in both groups (p less than 0.05). The acute phase reactants alpha1 acid-glycoprotein and ESR and the thrombocyte count significantly decreased in the penicillamine group (p less than 0.05). The other clinical, hematological and immunological tests did not change; neither did the liver and kidney function tests. The clinical results suggest that Timegadine is as effective as D penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. D-penicillamine takes advantage over Timegadine by decreasing significantly the acute phase reactants. However, Timegadine has a low profile of side-effects. PMID- 6678198 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Mode M echocardiograms in 34 consecutive adult RA patients revealed no significant differences with the findings obtained in 18 normal controls of similar age and sex. One patient had an 11 mm separation between the anterior chest wall and the right ventricle suggestive of a 350 ml pericardial effusion but had no corresponding findings between the posterior left ventricular wall and the pericardium. In this patient the electrocardiogram showed low voltage and the chest roentgenogram an enlarged cardiac silhouette. The differences between these series and other series reported in the literature may reflect ethnic and therapeutic differences between the respective RA populations. PMID- 6678199 TI - Serum lipids and lipoprotein concentrations in women with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were measured in 51 women with rheumatoid arthritis treated with both nonsteroidal and steroidal drugs and compared to a group of women with rheumatoid arthritis not receiving anti inflammatory drugs and to a healthy control group. Significantly lower concentrations of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were found in the rheumatoid patients on nonsteroidal or steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, while no difference was found in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. In the group of rheumatoid patients who received no nonsteroidal or steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the triglyceride level was higher than in the control group, and that of HDL-C was lower. Total cholesterol and LDL-C levels were higher in the patients not on anti-inflammatory drugs than in patients receiving anti-inflammatory drugs. The results of this study suggest that hyperlipidemia is not one of the predisposing factors for coronary disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving anti-inflammatory therapy. Anti inflammatory drugs may play a role in the regulation of serum lipids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6678200 TI - Chloroquine in long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The effect of long-term (18-70 months) chloroquine treatment 250 mg daily, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was studied in 20 patients. Sedimentation rates were significantly reduced, as compared to a reference group of 10 RA patients on no treatment of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Radiographical progression of the disease was low in the majority of chloroquine-treated patients but not significantly different from the finding in the patients of the reference group. Rapid radiographical progression during 2-3 years was, however, observed in 5 patients despite chloroquine treatment. PMID- 6678201 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation complicating systemic juvenile chronic arthritis ("Still's disease"). AB - Two children suffering from systemic juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) complicated by acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are described. One had a fatal outcome with acute renal failure and cerebral haemorrhage; the other recovered. Early recognition and treatment of the underlying cause - usually an infection - as well as replacement of clotting factors are important in management. PMID- 6678202 TI - Apatite-induced acute bursitides triggered by parathyroidectomy. AB - We report the case of a chronically hemodialyzed patient in which parathyroidectomy was rapidly followed by acute apatite-induced periarthritides. We discuss briefly the mechanism in comparison with calcium pyrophosphate synovitis. PMID- 6678203 TI - Psoriasis and gout: report of 4 cases. AB - Four patients with a simultaneous occurrence of psoriasis and gout are described. These cases were selected out of a group of 108 gouty in-patients. Clinical and laboratory findings in the reported patients are briefly outlined and this association of diseases is described from the viewpoint of differential diagnosis. PMID- 6678204 TI - Another look at serum amyloid protein SAA. PMID- 6678205 TI - [Clinical study on schizophrenics with negative variations]. PMID- 6678206 TI - [Clinical analysis of 317 cases of late-onset schizophrenia]. PMID- 6678207 TI - [A preliminary comparison of average evoked potentials in normal children and those with attention deficit disorder]. PMID- 6678208 TI - [Re-evaluation of the role of social workers in clinical psychiatry]. PMID- 6678209 TI - [Analysis of mental symptoms in 500 cases at the onset of schizophrenia]. PMID- 6678210 TI - [Study on schizophrenics with criminal behavior as the characteristic feature]. PMID- 6678211 TI - [Simple type of multiple myositis--report of 23 cases]. PMID- 6678213 TI - [The correlation between the onset of acute cerebrovascular diseases and abnormal meteorological phenomena--analysis of 522 cases]. PMID- 6678212 TI - [Clinical analysis of 115 cases of chorea minor]. PMID- 6678214 TI - [Clinical and pathological study on 8 cases of viral encephalitis]. PMID- 6678216 TI - [Technical problems concerning selective cerebral angiography by femoral artery catheterization]. PMID- 6678215 TI - [Cerebral arteritis due to leptospirosis]. PMID- 6678217 TI - [Unusual acute intracranial hematoma]. PMID- 6678218 TI - [Arachnoid cysts of the spinal cord]. PMID- 6678219 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of affective psychosis]. PMID- 6678220 TI - Resealing of electrically hemolysed rat & human erythrocytes. PMID- 6678221 TI - Average size & shape of blood cells by laser diffraction. PMID- 6678222 TI - Assessment of zinc status in rats. PMID- 6678223 TI - Effect of Isofenphos (oftanol) & Acephate (orthene) on fecal bile acids, cholesterol & total protein content of serum & liver in albino rats. PMID- 6678224 TI - Bile secretion and liver microsomal enzyme modifications after chronic treatment with aldosterone, spironolactone, or furosemide. PMID- 6678226 TI - Cardiorespiratory responses to steady state in sedentary men 20-39-year-old. PMID- 6678225 TI - Lung function testing. PMID- 6678227 TI - Ventilatory norms in healthy industrial male workers. PMID- 6678228 TI - Maximal ventilation in healthy subjects of different age, sex and physical condition. PMID- 6678229 TI - Treatment of tropical eosinophilia with diethylcarbamazine plus antihistaminic. PMID- 6678230 TI - An improved water-seal system for closed pleural drainage. PMID- 6678231 TI - A study on serum mucoprotein levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6678232 TI - Achalasia of the oesophagus. PMID- 6678233 TI - Embolic coronary artery disease in mitral stenosis. PMID- 6678234 TI - Membranous obstruction of inferior vena cava. PMID- 6678236 TI - Diagnostic yield of multiple pleural biopsies in tubercular pleural effusion. PMID- 6678235 TI - Unusual presentation of metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 6678237 TI - A possible mechanism of detoxification of copper, in the fresh water mollusc, Lymnaea luteola. AB - The cidal effect of copper sulphate on pulmonate snail host Lymnaea luteola was studied in relation to lipid metabolism. Alterations in the levels of glycerol, phospholipids, glycerides, sterols, sterol esters and free fatty acids due to copper sulphate treatment are recorded in foot, mantle and digestive gland of this mollusc. These results have been interpreted as part of a mechanism of detoxification, prevalent in this fresh water mollusc. PMID- 6678239 TI - Effect of estradiol dipropionate on uterine and vaginal glycogen content of Parkes (P) mice. AB - Administration of estradiol dipropionate (20 micrograms/day: for 7 days) to ovariectomized (7 days) mice produced about three fold increase (180%) in uterine glycogen content while approximately four fold decrease (76%) in vaginal glycogen as compared to their control values. Differences in glycogen content after 7 and 14 days of ovariectomy were statistically insignificant in both the organs. Although estradiol dipropionate had a great effect on the glycogen content of uterus and vagina but this effect remained more or less unchanged after causing alteration in duration (7 and 14 days) of estradiol dipropionate treatment in relation to different time intervals (7 and 14 days) after ovariectomy. So there was no time dependent response in uterine and vaginal glycogen content after 7 days onwards either in relation to ovariectomy or estradiol dipropionate treatment. The opposite trend (increase in uterus and decrease in vagina) of glycogen content in response to estradiol dipropionate may be possibly due to a greater accumulation (than utilization) in uterus while greater consumption (than accumulation) in vagina. PMID- 6678238 TI - Effect of in vivo electrical stimulation on the carbohydrate metabolism of control and denervation atrophied muscle of dog, Canis domesticus. AB - The standardized programme of electrical stimulation was applied to the control and denervation atrophied muscle of dog, Canis domesticus and the pattern of changes in the carbohydrate metabolism was analysed in the control (C), denervated control (DC), control stimulated (CS) and denervated stimulated (DS) gastrocnemius muscles. The programme of electrical stimulation of the control muscle has elevated glycogenolysis, glycolysis and increased the level of operation of TCA cycle with decreased mobilization of carbohydrates into hexose monophosphate pathway, indicating the setting in of trained condition. Sciatectomy, on the other hand, lowered the level of operation of glycogenolysis and decreased the utilization of carbohydrates through hexose-mono and di phosphate pathways and TCA cycle. The programme of electrical stimulation applied to the denervated muscle has restored the utilization of carbohydrates through hexose mono and diphosphate pathways and oxidative metabolism indicating the applicability of this programme of electrical stimulation in the treatment of muscular atrophy. PMID- 6678240 TI - Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on hepatic lipid profile of female rats under various states of nutrition. AB - The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment on hepatic lipid profile was studied in female rats kept on protein-deficient diet, on normal restricted diet and on normal, ad libitum diet. A significant decline in total and free cholesterol levels was observed in rats kept on protein-deficient diet and on normal, restricted diet. However, protein-deficient animals exhibited a significant rise in the liver triglyceride level. In rats on normal, ad libitum diet only, MPA treatment resulted in elevated levels of triglycerides and increased esterification of cholesterol. This was mostly due to increased incorporation of acetate into esterified cholesterol and triglyceride as evident from studies using the labelled precursor. Total phospholipid content was found to be unaffected by MPA in all the groups suggesting that the drug and dietary protein level have no effect on hepatic phospholipid content. PMID- 6678242 TI - Creatine of tenotomised muscle under influence of prednisolone treatment. AB - The prednisolone has got a devastating effect on the creatine content of muscle when it is tenotomised. In non-tenotomised muscle, prednisolone reduces the creatine content. The reduction of creatine content in prednisolone treated muscle which are tenotomised is due to perhaps the catabolic effect of glucocorticoid analogue on muscle protein together with inactivity of the muscle. PMID- 6678241 TI - Anti-inflammatory derivatives of indan-1-acetic acids with low gastric irritancy. AB - In an attempt to minimize the gastric ulcerogenicity of 6-methoxyindan-1-acetic acid and 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-acetic acid exhibiting high anti-inflammatory activity, we synthesized their esters, amides and nitrile derivatives. It was found that the anti-inflammatory activity of ethyl esters were almost equal to those of parent acids and phenylbutazone while other derivatives were less potent. Those ethyl esters were also found to be much less ulcerogenic than phenylbutazone. PMID- 6678243 TI - Influence of age on motor nerve conduction. AB - Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) has been determined in seventy five normal healthy male subjects in different age groups in Right ulnar and median nerves respectively. It is observed that MNCV decreases in the older age group. Further it is seen that MNCV is less in the distal than in the proximal segment, the results being significant in the median nerve. PMID- 6678244 TI - Anti-spasmogenic effect of cyproheptadine on guinea-pig ileum. AB - Antagonistic activity of cyproheptadine against common spasmogens, like acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin, bradykinin and angiotensin, was studied on isolated guinea-pig ileum. Cyproheptadine produced a reversible antagonism of non competitive type and was most effective against serotonin. It was less potent against histamine, bradykinin and angiotensin and least potent against acetylcholine. PMID- 6678245 TI - A closed circuit apparatus for measurement of oxygen consumption in small animals. AB - A simple and reliable closed circuit apparatus for short term and long term measurements of oxygen consumption of small laboratory animals is described. Repeat measurements of oxygen consumption under resting conditions of six male albino rats using this apparatus shows a variability of less than 1.5%. Use of the set-up for continuous monitoring of oxygen consumption following subcutaneous injection of norepinephrine, for over 2.5 hr enables the measurement of energy expenditure in animals on a long term basis which is reproducible on several occasions. PMID- 6678246 TI - Factors modifying spontaneous motor activity of the mouse. PMID- 6678247 TI - Effects of technical and commercial grade malathion on nitrogen metabolism of the teleost, Tilapia mossambica (Peters) PMID- 6678248 TI - Multi-matrix sampling: an approach to evaluation of health education programs. AB - Sampling is often used in evaluation as an economical and efficient means of estimating population parameters. Among the approaches to sampling traditionally used, few provide the apparent flexibility of multi-matrix sampling. The current paper proposes multi-matrix sampling as an alternative to traditional sampling approaches for evaluation of health education programs. A comparison is made between examinee sampling and multi-matrix sampling. No significant differences were found between the estimates of mean test performance provided by the two sampling plans following completion of the fifth grade unit of the School Health Curriculum Project. The advantages and disadvantages of multi-matrix sampling are examined, and potential applications of this technique are illustrated. PMID- 6678249 TI - Preschool health education program (PHEP): analysis of educational and behavioral outcome. AB - A health education curriculum structured around age-appropriate types of behavior that enable children to assume more responsibility for their own health was developed, taught, and evaluated in an early childhood learning center. The curriculum was then field-tested and evaluated in several additional preschools utilizing a design which included comparable nonintervention preschools. The findings indicate that the curriculum contributed to learning and suggest that it has some potential in influencing health related behavior. It is not possible to determine from the findings the precise contribution of the curriculum to the observed changes in children's learning outcomes and health behavior. It is likely that the curriculum and the children's general maturation and development all contributed to the changes observed. The studies demonstrated that the curriculum was effectively structured to be appropriate for the targeted age group, acceptable for use by preschool staff and easily implemented into a variety of preschool settings. PMID- 6678251 TI - Community organization influence on local public health care policy: a general research model and comparative case study. AB - The community organization literature consists mainly of case descriptions and analyses, on the one hand, and integrative works that prescribe or classify community organization methods or attempt to develop more theoretical models. There is a need for an intermediate level of empirical research that will generate comparable data on several cases, analyze factors that influence community organization, test hypotheses, and help develop an empirically grounded and more rigorous community organization theory. This article presents a research model developed to study community organization influence on local public health care policy. The model is applied in a comparative case study of such community organization experiences in seven California counties. Findings from the study are presented and analyzed, and several factors are identified that were important in the success or failure of these community organization efforts. PMID- 6678252 TI - Proving the effects of health promotion in industry: an academician's perspective. PMID- 6678250 TI - Social networks among elderly women: implications for health education practice. AB - The general aim of the present study was to examine and help clarify the properties of the distinctions between social networks and social support, their relationship to health status, and their implications for health education practice. More specifically, a secondary data analysis was conducted with 130 white women, community residents, between the ages of 60 and 68, which examined the relationship between psychological well-being and social network characteristics. These characteristics are categorized along three broad dimensions: structure--links in the overall network (size and density); interaction--nature of the linkages themselves (frequency, homogeneity, content, reciprocity, intensity, and dispersion); and functions which networks provide (affective support and instrumental support). A combination was made and relative strength investigated of several network characteristics representative of the quality of interactions (i.e., reciprocal affective support, intensity, and affective support) and those representing the quantity of interactions (i.e., size, density, and frequency). PMID- 6678253 TI - An adaptation of Bigge's classification of learning theories to health education and an analysis of theory underlying recent health education programs. AB - This paper attempts to examine the practice of health education from the perspective of learning theory. Examples of recent health education programs are discussed in this context. It is suggested that, in general, health education and program rationales are firmly rooted in learning theory, but that goals, educational interventions, and evaluation methods are not always consistent with the learning theory apparently underlying the program. Furthermore, it is suggested that such inconsistencies are relevant to many controversial issues in health education and may have considerable impact on policy development. PMID- 6678254 TI - Communicating health information to the public: effectiveness of a newsletter. AB - Following a review of health information campaign issues and research on the efficacy of selected communication channels, this paper reports an investigation of a specific medium--a health information newsletter--including whether and how much of it recipients read, its perceived information value, its impact on self reported actions, its comparative role as a source of health information, and the extent to which results vary with selected characteristics of recipients who responded to a mail survey (n = 887). Results indicate that the newsletter is read and utilized by most recipients and serves for many as a major source of health information. Moreover, there is evidence of direct and indirect newsletter effects on respondents' self-reported health practices. Findings varied significantly with the sex and health professional status of recipients. PMID- 6678255 TI - Illness attributions and the health belief model. AB - This paper proposes an attributional approach to the traditional Health Belief Model (HBM). It is argued that this approach has two purposes: (1) health beliefs might themselves be determined by attribution and (2) the prediction of health behavior might be significantly improved by combining health beliefs with illness attributions. The theoretical framework for this approach is adapted from models of causal attribution and relevant literature on illness attributions is reviewed. Two empirical studies are described testing the plausibility of an attributional approach to health behavior. A preliminary study investigates the relationship between health beliefs and illness attributions of heart patients. Health beliefs were found to be significantly related to causal explanations of heart disease. The main study is a prospective investigation of the impact of attributions and health beliefs on health behavior--in this case attendance at screening for high blood pressure. Discriminant analysis revealed a combination of health beliefs and attributions of high blood pressure that produced a highly significant prediction of the decision to participate in the screening. The final discussion is devoted to the theoretical and practical implications of an attributional approach for health and medical education, particularly within the medical consultation. PMID- 6678256 TI - Utilization and evaluation of maternity care by American Indians in Arizona. AB - Drawing upon a statewide consumer survey conducted in 1979 by the Bureau of Maternal and Child Health, this report focuses on the health service utilization and evaluation of 110 American Indians. The data shows that Indians, in contrast to Anglos, have less prenatal care, a higher incidence of transport to special care facilities, a higher incidence of newborn problems, and unusually high rates of early and late discharge. The Indian women also reported a higher incidence of communication problems with their caretakers and were less satisfied with the care that they received. The discussion considers the problems of less continuity of care and personnel shortages as well as cultural differences for delivering the quality of care mandated by treaty and subsequent laws to this impoverished minority group. PMID- 6678257 TI - Preventive/community medicine curriculum time in United States medical schools. PMID- 6678258 TI - Evaluating community-based preventive cardiovascular programs: problems and experiences from the North Karelia project. AB - Among the different approaches to the study of cardiovascular disease prevention are community-based programs. This type of program concerns a whole community and the intervention takes advantage of the existing service structure and community organization. The evaluation assesses the feasibility, effects on risk factor and disease reduction, costs, process, and other consequences associated with the program. Several such programs have recently been launched in the United States and some other countries. The first major community-based control program was the North Karelia project in Finland, started in 1972 and recently evaluated for its first five-year period. This paper discusses the problems in evaluating community based CVD control programs on the experiences obtained in the North Karelia project. PMID- 6678260 TI - Comparison of male and female suicides in a defined community. AB - During the past 20 years, suicide rates in the United States have risen consistently. The upward trend has been particularly pronounced for adolescents and males. The availability of a complete data set on all suicides that occurred between 1925 and 1979 in Sacramento County, California, allowed us to compare trends in suicide rates by sex. Our objective is to describe existing differences and similarities between males and females in age-at-death, demographic characteristics, and evidence of presuicide disintegration. We found that female suicide rates in Sacramento County were significantly lower than males and there were significant differences in presuicide characteristics and behaviors between males and females who committed suicide. Except for the youngest age groups, suicide rates for males have remained stable over the last 20 years, while female rates have increased slightly. The fact that this increase coincides with a period of rapid change in the employment and familial roles of women is of particular interest. Male and female suicides differ in important respects, but as female rates rose the characteristics of female suicides increasingly resembled those of male suicides. PMID- 6678259 TI - Development and validation of a self-scoring test for coronary heart disease risk. AB - Self-administered tests to assess an individual's coronary heart disease risk are common in the popular press. However, delusion and inaccuracy in self-scoring may impair their utility as educational tools. Self-assessment questions concerning dietary cholesterol, weight, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure were administered several days prior to risk measurement to 246 randomly selected adults aged twenty-five to sixty-four. A standard risk score combining measured blood pressure, cigarette smoking on blood cholesterol level was calculated for each participant using a multiple logistic equation. The self-scoring test was derived by multiple regression, using the standard risk score as the dependent variables and the self-assessment responses, age, and sex as independent variables. The multiple R2 of the resulting equation was 0.48. For 86 percent of the participants, the decile of self-assessed risk was within two deciles of the decile of risk calculated from logistic equation. We tested the validity of the self-scoring test in a separate and independent population (n-247) with comparable results. We conclude that the test indicated risk status and sources of elevated risk for many individuals. Such a test can be a valid health education tool. PMID- 6678261 TI - Selecting consumers for neighborhood health center boards. AB - During the winter of 1978, a study of board members of 13 neighborhood health centers was conducted in which consumers were found to have parity of influence with non-consumers. Organized group sponsorship and backing of consumers, rather than their election or appointment, were partially responsible for this parity. Despite literature reports that organized group backing would increase the chances of "vested interest" conflicts on the board, consumers who were affiliated with organized groups were not found to be more competitive than those who were not thus affiliated. In contrast, nonconsumers with organized group backing did have a tendency to feel competitive on their boards. PMID- 6678262 TI - Primary care and local health departments: the initiation of a state-sponsored grant program. AB - This study examines factors that differentiate health service organizations that were successful applicants for a grant program to initiate primary-care services from a matched sample of organizations that did not apply for the program. Factors that were different between the two sets of organizations include the attitudes and behaviors of physicians in the local community, previous success of the organization in obtaining grant support, and employee perceptions of selected organizational and grant program characteristics. These findings suggest that factors both internal and external to the organization are influential in decisions to initiate activities sponsored through grant programs. Implications of these findings for the design of state block grant programs are discussed. PMID- 6678263 TI - Health hazard appraisal in a family practice center: an exploratory study. AB - Health Hazard Appraisal (HHA), a tool of primary prevention, has been advocated for use in family practice. Yet little evidence exists regarding its effectiveness in clinical settings or its acceptability to practitioners or patients. In this study, 69 family practice patients completed a HHA questionnaire. Their responses were computer-analyzed and returned in two to three weeks. The patients were telephoned three to five months later to assess the effectiveness of HHA in terms of desired behavioral changes. Of the patients who were recommended to undertake specified behavioral changes, 41.3% reported that they had begun an exercise program, 27.8% had stopped smoking cigarettes, 20.0% had limited their alcohol intake, 23.5% had reduced their driving mileage to under 10,000 miles, and 75.0% of the women started breast self examinations. Although the patients' self-reports may have been exaggerated, they nonetheless represent encouraging results. Evaluations by patients revealed little objection to the personal questions, length of time to complete, or cost of the HHA form. Physician evaluations expressed the consensus that HHA was beneficial to the doctor-patient relationship, but a few indicated they did not feel comfortable discussing the HHA results with the patient. PMID- 6678265 TI - Work and work capacity. PMID- 6678264 TI - Factors related to patients' satisfaction with their medical care. AB - Patient satisfaction has become a frequently researched outcome measure of the quality of health-care delivery. This article reviews research of patient satisfaction after recent, identifiable medical care visits. Results of the reviewed studies are grouped into 13 factors of the medical care setting and of the physicians' competence and relationships to their patients which may be related to patient satisfaction. The factors with the clearest relationship to satisfaction include the accessibility of medical care, the organizational structure of clinics, treatment length, perceived competence of physicians, clarity and retention of physicians' communication to patients, physicians' affiliative behavior, physicians' control, and patients' expectations. Other factors with more complicated or no apparent relationship to satisfaction were mode of payment, clarity of patients' communication to physicians, physicians' personality, patients' sociodemographic characteristics, and patients' health status. The additive and potential interactive effects of these factors are discussed. Additional studies of the interactive aspects of the physician-patient relationship are encouraged, and implications for further research are presented, with emphasis on sampling, measurement, and design issues. PMID- 6678267 TI - Generation of surface model of human trunk and its applications. PMID- 6678266 TI - "First-step" adaptation of Okinawan agricultural settlers in eastern Bolivia from their demography and subsistence change. PMID- 6678268 TI - Determination of whole body centre of gravity in Indians. PMID- 6678269 TI - Collapse of sustained long standing. PMID- 6678270 TI - Development of hunting and fishing skill among boys of the Gidra in lowland Papua New Guinea. PMID- 6678271 TI - Effect of mental activity during walking on autoregressive power spectrum of step length. PMID- 6678273 TI - Human amniotic membrane as a biological dressing in burn wounds. PMID- 6678272 TI - Whole body sweat rate during exercise in the heat environment. PMID- 6678274 TI - Metronidazole in elective bowel surgery. PMID- 6678276 TI - Pattern of malignant neoplasms in South Kerala. PMID- 6678277 TI - Non-surgical treatment of fracture neck of femur in elderly patient. PMID- 6678278 TI - Partial lipodystrophy, hypocomplementaemia and dense deposit disease. PMID- 6678275 TI - Studies on lipid peroxide in chest diseases. PMID- 6678279 TI - Massive haemangioma of liver. PMID- 6678280 TI - Xeroderma pigmentosa. PMID- 6678281 TI - Leiomyoma cutis. PMID- 6678282 TI - Spontaneous vaginal delivery of conjoined twins by a special mechanism. PMID- 6678285 TI - Tuberculosis hospital admission system and National Tuberculosis Programme. PMID- 6678283 TI - Spontaneous calyceal rupture. PMID- 6678284 TI - Transmesenteric hernia. PMID- 6678286 TI - Health for all by the year 2000 A.D. The countdown has begun. PMID- 6678287 TI - [Phase analysis of mitral regurgitation in mitral valve prolapse: comparison of pulsed Doppler echocardiography with phonocardiography]. AB - The clinical implication of the timing of mitral regurgitation (MR) in mitral valve prolapse (MVP) was investigated by comparison of the phonocardiographic patterns of the regurgitant murmur with either prolapsing phase of the mitral valve determined by two-dimensional echocardiography (TDE) or regurgitant flow patterns by pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE). A total of 23 patients (pts) with MVP was classified into five subsets on the basis of the phonocardiographic findings: six pts with a pansystolic murmur, seven with a late systolic murmur, two with an early systolic murmur, three with only a click(s) and five with a angiotensin II-induced regurgitant murmur (provocative MR). A comparative study between the regurgitant murmur and regurgitant flow patterns was also made in 10 pts with MR due to other etiology (four pts of rheumatic MR, three of ruptured chordae tendineae and three of papillary muscle dysfunction). MR was detected at or just above the mitral orifice using a combined system of the PDE and TDE from a transcutaneous approach. The results obtained were as follows: Phase of MR detected by PDE coincided well in timing with a regurgitant murmur recorded on the phonocardiogram (PCG) except one patient. In four of five pts with provocative MR, abnormal Doppler signals indicating MR were detected even at rest and these coincided temporally with a newly developed regurgitant murmur by provocation. Phase of MR detected by PDE was not synchronous with prolapse of the mitral leaflets examined by TDE in five out of 23 pts, suggesting that MR does not necessarily occur in accordance with mitral prolapse. Regurgitant flow patterns examined by PDE in 30 pts including 10 pts of MR due to other etiology were either a widely dispersed dot pattern or a narrow banded reverse flow pattern. Pts with a loud systolic regurgitant murmur (Levine 3/6 or greater) tended to show a widely dispersed dot pattern, and pts with a soft systolic regurgitant murmur (less than Levine 2/6) showed a narrow banded reverse flow pattern. In conclusion, PDE seems to be more sensitive than PCG for the detection of MR in MVP, and PDE may serve to the qualitative as well as quantitative evaluation of MR in MVP. PMID- 6678288 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular asynergy by two-dimensional echocardiography: comparison between fixed external axis system and floating axis system]. AB - Detection and quantitative estimation of segmental asynergy in the infarcted area has been impeded by the rotation and anterior movement of the heart during systole. In the present communication, we compared the two measurements determined by the floating and fixed external axis systems. The former takes into account of the effect of cardiac movement. Furthermore, we assessed which system is superior by the left ventriculographic and coronary arteriographic analyses. The materials consisted of 24 cases of myocardial infarction. There was no significant difference between the two systems in the estimation of the number of asynergic segments or between echocardiographic and ventriculographic findings. The floating axis system had a tendency to underestimate asynergy, so that the number of hypokinetic segment estimated by the floating system was greater than that by the fixed external axis system. Therefore, the fixed external axis system was superior to the floating axis system in determining the causative coronary artery. PMID- 6678289 TI - [Detection of regional left ventricular wall motion abnormality by ultrasonic cardiotomography: comparison with phase images of RI angiocardiography]. AB - Left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormality evaluated by LV contrast angiography was compared with that of RI angiography and ultrasonic cardiotomography (UCT). Phase images and UCT were performed in 15 patients with akinesis or dyskinesis (Group I), 17 with localized hypokinesis (Group II), and 11 without abnormality (Group III). In the RAO phase image, the LV was divided into apical, antero-lateral, and inferior segments. When there was a difference of more than 15 degrees in the mean of pixel phase values in each segment, the motion abnormality was judged to be present. The sensitivity was 90% in Group I and 25% in Group II, respectively, and the specificity was 86% in Group III. In the LAO phase images, when the standard deviation of phase values within the LV was more than 10 degrees, the motion abnormality was judged to be present. The sensitivity was 100% in Group I and 71% in Group II, respectively, and the specificity was 91% in Group III. In UCT, the sensitivity was 73% in Group I and 12% in Group II, respectively, and the specificity was 100% in Group III. Thus, the RAO phase image is rewarding in evaluating the site of the motion abnormality, and the LAO phase image is also helpful in the detection. On the other hand, it was difficult to detect the abnormality of wall motion of the apical region by UCT. PMID- 6678290 TI - [Studies on the mechanisms of the third and fourth heart sounds: with special reference to the phase analysis of mitral flow velocity pattern]. AB - To investigate the genesis of the third ( IIIs ) and fourth heart sounds (IVs), apical phonocardiograms were recorded simultaneously with pulsed Doppler signals of the mitral flow and interventricular septal (IVS) and left ventricular posterior wall (PW) echoes by M-mode echocardiography in 26 cases with the IIIs and 11 cases with the IVs. The following results were obtained: Cases with the IIIs were classified into the following three groups according to the time relationship between the IIIs and a rapid filling wave (D wave) of the mitral flow velocity pattern. IIIs -peak group: The IIIs occurred coincidently with the peak of the D wave in five healthy adolescents and in 12 cases with absolute left ventricular volume overload including mitral regurgitation (MR: eight cases), postoperative atrial septal defect (ASD: three cases) and ventricular septal defect (one case). IIIs -delay group: The IIIs occurred about 38 msec after the peak of the D wave in eight cases with relative left ventricular volume overload including congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM: three cases) and ischemic heart disease (IHD: five cases). IIIs -early phase group: The IIIs occurred about 35 msec before the peak of the D wave in a case with acute MR due to chordal rupture. In the IIIs -peak group, the IIIs coincided in time with the points of inflection (check points) of both the IVS and PW during rapid filling phase in three cases with MR of mild to moderate degree and one case of postoperative ASD. In the IIIs -delay group, the IIIs occurred simultaneously with either the check point of the IVS or PW in two cases with CCM and one case with IHD, and it occurred before the check points of both the IVS and PW in two cases with severe MR of IIIs -peak group and in a case with acute MR due to chordal rupture of IIIs -early phase group. Cases with the IVs were classified into following 2 groups according to the time relationship between the IVs and the atrial contraction wave (A wave) of the mitral flow velocity pattern. IVs-peak group: The IVs occurred coincidentally with the peak of the A wave in six cases with left ventricular hypertrophy including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (five cases) and hypertension (one case). IVs-delay group: The IVs occurred about 33 msec after the peak of the A wave in five cases with left ventricular dilatation or dysfunction including old myocardial infarction (two cases), CCM (one case), postoperative ASD (one case) and aortic regurgitation (one case). There were two types of IVs in time relationship between the IVs and the check points of the left ventricular wall during atrial contraction phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6678291 TI - [Studies on systolic performance of the left atrium]. AB - To analyze left atrial (LA) pump function, aortic root echocardiograms and LA pressure (P) by a Millar 's catheter tip manometer were recorded simultaneously in 26 patients (pts) in regular sinus rhythm [six normal subjects (C), three with angina pectoris (AP), eight with old myocardial infarction (MI), three with congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM), three with hypertension (HT), one with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), one with mitral regurgitation and mild stenosis (MRs), and one with mitral regurgitation (MR)]. The pressure-dimension curve of the LA composed of two loops; an A-loop (pump function of the LA) and a V-loop. The following parameters were measured: Da = LA dimension at the beginning of the active atrial shortening, S-A-loop = the area of the A-loop, mean V = mean LA velocity of fractional fiber shortening, and peak T = maximum (LAP X LAD) during active atrial shortening phase. The S-A-loop was directly proportional to Da (r = 0.62, p less than 0.001) and the mean V was inversely correlated with the peak T (r = -0.76, p less than 0.001). This indicated that Starling's mechanism was operative and force-velocity relation exited in the LA. In HT, Da, the S-A-loop, the ratio of the S-A-loop to Da, and the ratio of mean V to peak T tended to be larger than those in other pts groups. Thus, the present results suggested that LA pump function was augmented in HT, probably due not only to Starling's effect but also to enhanced inotropic state of the LA. PMID- 6678292 TI - [Evaluation of pulmonary regurgitation with a catheter-tip electromagnetic velocity probe]. AB - Pulmonary regurgitation appeared after the surgical repair of pulmonary stenosis was investigated with an electromagnetic catheter-tip velocity probe in seven patients. Postoperative catheterization was performed by placing the probe in the pulmonary trunk transvenously and a velocity curve was recorded on a photographic recorder at a paper speed of 150 or 200 mm/sec with electrocardiograms and pulmonary arterial pressure pulse. The velocity curves were recorded under the baseline throughout diastole in patients with pulmonary regurgitation, while the curves in the normal controls were just on the baseline. The amount of regurgitation was evaluated with the ratio of the negative to positive area of velocity curves. The negative area (NA) was defined as an area circumscribed by the diastolic negative velocity curve and the baseline, and the positive area (PA) as an area circumscribed by the systolic positive curve and the baseline. The amount of the regurgitation was also evaluated from either the pulmonary cineangiogram or the volume measurement using the right arteriogram. The results were as follows: The severity of pulmonary regurgitation estimated by the pulmonary arteriogram (grade I to III) tended to be correlated with the ratio of the NA/PA. Right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI) and the NA/PA showed a fair correlation with a coefficient of 0.80. Right ventricular volume overload resulting from pulmonary regurgitation was reflected on the NA/PA. The subtraction of right and left ventricular systolic ejection indices (RVSI-LVSI) or its ratio (RVSI-LVSI)/RVSI, which were considered as the indices of the severity of pulmonary regurgitation from the volume measurement, had fairly good a correlation with the NA/PA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6678293 TI - [Measurement of four chambers' volumes and ventricular masses by cardiac CT examination]. AB - Using cardiac computed tomography (CT), the "mean" volume of each cardiac chamber and both ventricular masses were calculated from summation of a sliced volume by ungated scans obtained using rapid sequential scanning covering the whole heart. Estimation of a normal value of each chamber's volume was attempted in 20 patients with ischemic heart disease and with normal heart function. The "mean" volume of the right atrium (RAMV), right ventricle (RVMV), and left atrium (LAMV) was 22.3 +/- 6.5, 40.3 +/- 6.5 and 28.7 +/- 8.2 ml/m2, respectively. In 54 patients with valvular heart diseases, each chamber's volume obtained by CT was compared with the grade of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) estimated by ultrasonic Doppler technique or the grade of mitral regurgitation (MR) by left ventriculography (LVG). The RAMV (234 +/- 119 ml/m2) and the RVMV (101 +/- 39 ml/m2) were markedly increased in patients with severe TR (grade 3 to 4) (p less than 0.01). The LAMV (487 +/- 231 ml/m2) was also increased in patients with severe mitral regurgitation (grade 3 to 4) (p less than 0.01). In 46 patients with valvular heart diseases, the LVMV by CT was well correlated with end diastolic volume (EDV) obtained by LVG (r = 0.92), and the LVEDVs by ECG gated CT and by LVG showed a fairly good correlation (r = 0.95). CT examination was performed before and after surgery in 17 patients with MR or TR for evaluation of the change of chamber volumes. The mean reduction ratio (MRR) of the RAMV after tricuspid annuloplasty, the LVMV after mitral valve plasty, and the LAMV after left atrial plication was 44%, 41%, and 60%, respectively. PMID- 6678294 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot with a total conus defect]. AB - Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with a total conus defect has some characteristics different from classical TOF in respect to its morphogenesis and clinical features. This anomaly, although rare in Europe, constitutes approximately 10% of all types of TOF in Japan. In this report, we studied 30 cases of TOF with angiographic or surgical documentation in order to investigate two-dimensional echocardiography as a possible mean of detecting a conus defect in TOF. We classified the entire group into three types according to the location of a ventricular septal defect (VSD): subpulmonic VSD (six cases, I), infundibular muscular VSD (11 cases, II) and perimembranous VSD (13 cases, III). A long-axis view along the right ventricular outflow tract rather than a short-axis view at the level of the aortic root was adopted as a useful examination for viewing VSDs. Using the former image, we could observe precisely a VSD just below the pulmonary valve in all six cases of Type I and three of Type II, but none of Type III. Three cases of Type II which had a short infundibular septum of several millimeters in length with surgical confirmation were very similar to cases of Type I. The discontinuity between the interventricular septum and the pulmonary valve was confirmed to be identical with subpulmonic VSD by angiographic and pathological studies. In conclusion, we could differentiate TOF with a total conus defect from the other types of TOF by detecting the echo defect in the septum just below the pulmonary valve with the aid of a long-axis view of the right ventricular outflow defect. PMID- 6678295 TI - [Clinical application of a new right subcostal approach in the evaluation of interatrial septal motion]. AB - We developed a new echocardiographic approach to detect the interatrial septum (IAS) by tilting a transducer leftward, cephalad and backward from the right subcostal area. This technique could allow us to visualize the IAS moving perpendicularly to the ultrasonic beam. In normal subjects the IAS showed a small posterior deflection moving toward the left atrium due to atrial contraction following the P wave of the electrocardiogram. Following the onset of ventricular ejection the IAS rapidly moved anteriorly. During diastole the IAS showed an initial rapid posterior displacement and then a more gradual slope, reflecting rapid and slow filling phases, respectively. The magnitude and configuration of IAS motion showed variations dependent on atrial conditions of cardiac diseases. In atrial fibrillation there were f waves on the IAS echogram and in mitral stenosis a septal notch was recorded at the timing of a mitral opening snap. In mitral valve prolapse there was also a midsystolic notch of the IAS echogram almost coincident in time with the onset of a late systolic murmur. On the other hand, the IAS revealed a systolic increased excursion or paradoxical motion in mitral or tricuspid regurgitation, respectively. In hypertension and myocardial infarction the atrial kick of the IAS echogram showed an exaggerated excursion. In 125 out of the consecutive 150 cases (83.3%) we could record satisfactory IAS echograms by this new approach. PMID- 6678296 TI - [Detection of coronary sinus by parasternal two-dimensional echocardiography and the clinical significance]. AB - To investigate the potential of a new method for detecting coronary sinus (CS), two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography was satisfactorily performed on 80 consecutive cases, of which the coronary sinus was detected in 74 by adopting parasternal three-chamber approach. These 74 cases were classified into four groups; 25 normal individuals, 7 patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) but without tricuspid insufficiency (TI), 13 with TI and 29 with other cardiac diseases. We measured diastolic maximum diameter of CS on 2-D echocardiograms. The mean diameter of the CS was significantly increased in ASD (9.0 mm) and TI (12.4 mm) comparing with normal control (6.7 mm). The enlargement of CS seemed to correlate with right-sided volume overload. Although there were three exceptional cases, we could observe the CS during the whole cardiac cycle only in patients with TI. We conclude that CS is excellently detected in over 90% of cases by a new parasternal approach and that the diameter of CS would be a new screening index of right-sided volume overload. PMID- 6678297 TI - [Diagnostic value of CT in congenital disorders of the great vessels]. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) studies of the cardiovascular system were performed on 850 cases at our institute during the last five years. The aorta was clearly demonstrated by CT from the aortic root to the bifurcation of the iliac artery, and in most cases the main aortic branches including the coronary, brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, celiac, superior mesenteric, renal and iliac arteries were satisfactorily evaluated (Fig. 1-3). Therefore CT renders us encouraging to detect the abnormality of these arteries. This paper described the CT findings of congenital anomalies of the great vessels in 14 patients with 16 anomalies including two cases of l-corrected transposition of the great vessels, two of double aortic arch, one of aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva, six of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and five of right-sided descending aorta, two of which had double aortic arch aforementioned and the remaining three had dextrocardia. The diagnosis of these abnormalities except for PDA were made only by CT. For instance, l-corrected transposition of the great vessels was diagnosed easily by observing the side-to-side relationship of the great vessels, the aorta is situated to the left and anterior to the pulmonary artery. In the case of double aortic arch, not only the left and right aortic arch, but also the degree of narrowing as well as compression of the trachea and esophagus were well evaluated. The diagnosis of aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva was made by the characteristically marked dilatation of the aorta at the level of sinus of Valsalva on CT. Only in one case of PDA, the ductus connecting the descending aorta to the left pulmonary artery was demonstrated by CT. Plain CT was well tolerable, but enhanced CT was much more informative to detect cardiovascular abnormalities, and moreover, dynamic CT was rewarding in the detailed evaluation of blood flow in the cardiovascular system. PMID- 6678298 TI - [An application of X-ray computed tomography for complex cardiac anomalies]. AB - X-ray computed tomography (CT) was performed in two patients with complex congenital heart disease in order to assess the clinical utility in the systemic morphological diagnosis. A Somotom 2 whole body CT scanner (Siemens Co) was used, and contrast enhanced CT scanning and a dynamic CT scanning were performed in one case (Case 2).; Case 1: A 20-year-old female with double outlet right ventricle (S, D, L), pulmonary stenosis and aortic insufficiency. The CT revealed a viscero atrial situs, ventriculoarterial relation, spatial interrelationship between the great arteries and a run of the stenotic pulmonary artery. The CT clarified spatial relationship among four cardiac chambers, ventricular septal defect and great arteries, contributing to the understanding of the complex cardiac structure. Case 2: A 26-year-old female with single ventricle (III-C solitus), pulmonary stenosis, dextroversion, left superior vena cava and WPW syndrome. The CT documented precisely a viscero-atrial situs, dextroversion, ventriculoarterial relation, spatial interrelationship between the great arteries, stenotic main and left pulmonary arteries and a dilated right pulmonary artery due to the right Blalock-Taussig operation performed 15 years before. A diagnosis of left superior vena cava could be made by CT, and its flow into coronary sinus was visualized by dynamic CT. The dynamic CT also clarified a mixing of venous and arterial blood in the common ventricle, and revealed a rudimentary ventricular septum. Thus, the CT serves useful purposes especially as examination of viscero-atrial situs, ventriculoarterial relation and spatial interrelationship between great arteries, and anomalies of the mediastinal vessels. Furthermore the relationship among four cardiac chambers, ventricular septal defect, and the pattern of blood flow were also clarified. However, the CT failed to define the state of a ventricular loop, because it could not identify ventricular muscular structures and atrioventricular valves as these move rather vigorously. The CT could not locate pulmonary stenosis, valvular or somewhere else. The CT seemed to be a promising noninvasive method in the systemic morphological diagnosis of congenital heart disease as subsidiary to echocardiographic investigation. However, in pediatric patients, it seemed considerably hard to obtain clear cardiac CT images because of the difficulty in halting respiration during procedure. PMID- 6678299 TI - [Pulsatile flow dynamics of the ductus arteriosus, thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery in patients with patent ductus arteriosus]. AB - In 20 infants or children with an isolated or complicated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), we qualitatively and quantitatively studied pulsatile flow dynamics of the ductus, descending thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery by means of a catheter-tip electromagnetic flow velocity probe. They were divided into four groups according to ductal shunt states as follows: 14 patients with a continuous left-to-right (L-R) shunt (Group I), three patients with a bidirectional but a dominant L-R shunt (Group IIA), two patients with a bidirectional but dominant right-to-left (R-L) shunt (Group IIB), and one patient without a significant ductal flow (Group III). In Group I, the ductal flow was pulsatile and showed continuous L-R shunting. The timing of a peak flow velocity was coincident with the peak aortic pressure at the mid-ductus, and it shifted to diastolic phase as the flow sensor approached the pulmonary end of the ductus arteriosus. In Group IIA, the peak velocity of a L-R shunt flow was located at mid-diastole and a transiently reversed R-L shunt flow was seen during systole. Two patients of Group IIB showed that the peak flow velocity of a dominantly reversed shunt was at mid-diastole, while a low grade L-R shunt flow was seen over a wide range of diastolic period. One patient of Group III who underwent operation for aortic arch interruption did not show any significant ductal flow because of a narrow PDA. In most cases of the present study, a diastolic backflow reflecting a L-R ductal shunt during diastole was demonstrated both in the descending thoracic aorta and main pulmonary artery. The peak flow velocity of the thoracic aorta was correlated with the ductal L-R shunt ratio determined by the Fick method (r = 0.46), and the diastolic regurgitant flow fraction of the thoracic aorta was increased in patients with a larger L-R shunt or with a reversed shunt. Therefore, it was suggested that a net forward flow of the thoracic aorta is reduced in these patients. On the other hand, the quantitative evaluation of a pulmonary flow during systole was found unreliable and expected to be underestimated because of the occurrence of turbulence at the site of the main pulmonary artery by the confluence of ejection stream from the right ventricle and a shunted flow from the aorta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6678300 TI - [Kawasaki disease: new and important problems in cardiology]. AB - Kawasaki disease or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) is a recently recognized clinical entity in infants and young children with fever and characteristic mucocutaneous involvements accompanied by swelling of the cervical lymph nodes. It has aroused much interest because it may cause sudden death due to coronary arteritis with subsequent aneurysmal formation and thrombotic occlusion. Between January 1973 and September 1982, 611 patients with Kawasaki disease were evaluated with coronary angiography after the acute stage of illness. Of these patients, 136 (22%) were diagnosed as having coronary aneurysms, which were the most common abnormal finding at this stage. Serial two dimensional echocardiography was useful to evaluate noninvasively the lesions of the coronary artery, and it was discovered that coronary aneurysms appeared in the eighth to 15th day of the illness, and some of them revealed an early restoration. Pericardial effusion appeared in 35% of the patients in the second to third week of the illness. Follow-up coronary angiography was performed in 72 cases who previously had coronary aneurysms five to 18 months after the acute illness. Thirty-nine cases showed completely normal findings at the second study, suggesting the regression of coronary aneurysms in this entity within one or two years after the onset of the illness. The remaining 33 patients showed abnormal findings such as stenotic or obstructed lesions, the irregular arterial wall and persistent aneurysms of coronary arteries at the follow-up study. Among the patients with abnormal angiographic findings myocardial infarction and mitral regurgitation were occasionally present. Three patients died suddenly from myocardial infarction at four months, four and six years after the onset of the illness, respectively. Early initiation of aspirin therapy (10-30 mg/kg) remains the mainstay to prevent thrombus formation and ischemic heart disease. The intracoronary thrombolysis by Urokinase was useful for prevention or treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Patients with Kawasaki disease are mostly in Japan, however, an increasing number of patients have recently been published in the foreign literatures, and this entity has become an important cause of heart disease in children. The long-term follow-up study and establishment of the effective treatment as well as elucidation of the etiology of this disease are essential. PMID- 6678301 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic observation of a rapidly growing floating left atrial ball thrombus: report of a case with mitral stenosis]. AB - This report dealt with a rapidly growing ball thrombus floating in the left atrium in a case with mitral stenosis detected by serial two-dimensional echocardiography and confirmed at operation. A 45-year-old female was admitted to our hospital on January 7, 1982 because of dyspnea, orthopnea and fever. On admission she had typical auscultatory signs of mitral stenosis, and her chest roentgenogram revealed slight pulmonary venous congestion and marked left atrial enlargement. Laboratory findings including complete blood counts, coagulation studies and blood chemistry were normal except a positive CRP test. Two dimensional echocardiography performed on January 8 revealed a tight mitral stenosis with the mitral orifice area of about 0.9 cm2, and a floating ball thrombus in the left atrium, which was 2.5 X 3 cm in size. Fuzzy echoes flowing slowly around the thrombus were also observed. Intravenous administration of heparin was started immediately. In the next morning (January 9), the two dimensional echocardiography was reexamined, which revealed a markedly growing thrombus which became 4 X 4 cm in size. Several hours after the reexamination mitral valve replacement was performed. The removed thrombus was 5.5 X 7 cm in size and consisted of three laminated structures. This finding was consistent with the echocardiographic observations. Coagulation studies made just before operation showed increased coagulability. Increased stagnation of blood in the left atrium due to heart failure and a transient increase of blood cell aggregation and coagulability induced by preceding infection might be responsible for the genesis of such a thrombus. PMID- 6678302 TI - Intracerebral penetration and tissue distribution of 2,5-diaziridinyl 3,6 bis(carboethoxyamino) 1,4-benzoquinone (AZQ, NSC-182986). AB - [14C]AZQ (2-4 mg/m2, 100-200 mCi) was administered at varying times to five patients undergoing surgical resection of intracerebral tumors. Plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), edematous brain, and tumor specimens were obtained during surgery and the concentration of AZQ was determined radiochemically and chromatographically. Total [14C]AZQ equivalent concentration in tumor for two patients was determined to be 47.5% and 85% of concurrent plasma concentration which was similar to that found in normal brain (60.4% and 75.5% respectively). Only 18-45% of the total radioactivity in tumor tissue and 30-56% in plasma were accounted for by unchanged AZQ. These findings suggest that AZQ may be metabolized to a certain extent. Tissue samples from various organs were obtained during autopsy in a patient who expired ten days after AZQ administration. The highest AZQ concentration was found in the liver, followed by the kidney. Comparable amounts were found in normal brain and brain tumor (22 ng/g vs. 31 ng/g respectively). These results indicate that AZQ penetrates readily into the normal brain and brain tumor with a tendency to persist. PMID- 6678303 TI - Prognostic factors in the management of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression. AB - The results of 51 patients with metastatic spinal cord compression were analyzed. There were seven paralyzed patients, three received radiotherapy (RT) alone and four received laminectomy (L) + RT. No patient regained any motor function. Of six ambulatory patients, half received RT and half L + RT. All remained ambulatory after the treatment. Of 38 paraparetic patients, 20 underwent L + RT. Their complete, partial and nonresponse (CR, PR, NR respectively) rates were 25%, 60% and 15%, respectively. This result was clearly better than 18 other patients treated by RT alone of which only 22% regained ambulation (CR = 22%) while 67% were NR and 11% had a PR. In this series combined modality therapy appears better in paraparetic patients. Five patients with radiosensitive tumors all had CR/PR whether treated by RT or L + RT. Patients with epithelial tumors treated by L + RT had a PR (CR + PR) of 71% while RT alone gave only 25%. On the basis of this analysis we conclude: (1) ambulatory patients respond satisfactorily to RT alone; (2) paraparetic patients with radiosensitive tumors do well with RT alone while such patients with epithelial tumors merit L + RT; but (3) paraplegic patients rarely benefit from either modality; (4) pain control appears a useful measure of minimally adequate radiation dose in individual patients. PMID- 6678304 TI - Status spongiosus in the course of treatment of malignant gliomas. AB - Two cases of fatal encephalopathy which appeared in the course of treatment of malignant gliomas are described. CT scan showed diffuse, low density, non enhanced lesions of the white matter. Pathological findings showed that the CT scan aspects corresponded to status spongiosus without demyelination. We were unable to find similar reports in the literature. PMID- 6678305 TI - A phase II trial of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea (PCNU, NSC 95466) in recurrent malignant brain tumors. AB - Twenty-nine patients with recurrent primary malignant brain tumors were treated with 1-(2-chlorethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea (PCNU) at an initial dose of 110 mg/m2 with subsequent doses determined by the degree of delayed toxicity. The interval between treatments was usually weeks. Eleven of 25 evaluable patients (44%) showed definite improvement and ten (40%) showed disease stability as determined by sequential CT scans and neurologic examination. The estimated median time to tumor progression for all 25 patients treated with PCNU was 28 weeks, 37 weeks for the responding patients but only 20 weeks for patients with stable disease. Toxicity consisted of delayed myelosuppression which was cumulative and occurred mainly with the platelets. Gastrointestinal toxicity occurred in a minority of the patients. PCNU has definite activity in primary malignant brain tumors which appears to be comparable to that reported for BCNU alone, but with less reported gastrointestinal side effects. Further clinical trials in patients with primary malignant brain tumors are indicated. PMID- 6678306 TI - Growth, morphology, and serial transplantation of anaplastic human gliomas in athymic mice. AB - Sixteen of 17 anaplastic human gliomas (AHGs) transplanted into athymic mice produced progressively growing subcutaneous nodules at the site of implantation. Thirty-four of 68 animals (50%) receiving transplanted tissue developed 500 m3 tumors in 24 to 364 days. Fourteen AHG were passed to a second animal generation, and 11 showed continued growth. Eight of these were serially passed, with one reaching a sixth animal generation, four reaching a fifth, and a three third. Once growth occurred in a second animal generation, no AHGs were lost in subsequent passages because of failure to grow. Of 234 animals receiving tumors beyond the first animal generation, 189 (80.8%) developed tumors. Average doubling times of the exponentially growing tumors in serial passage ranged from 3.0 to 19.1 days. This growth rate tended to increase and stabilize in early animal passages. The tumors growing in animals contained cell types which were present in the original human tumors, including fibrillary and protoplasmic astrocytes, small anaplastic cells, gemistocytes, anaplastic spindle cells, and multinucleate giant cells. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was detected in 15 of 17 biopsy specimens and in 12 of 14 AHGs in animals. These data illustrate the value of the athymic mouse system for the investigation of human brain tumors by demonstrating a high rate of successful transplantation, quantitative growth data on serially passed tumors, and morphological and immunochemical resemblance of the tumors in mice to the original human tumors. PMID- 6678307 TI - Early response and long-term results in the radiotherapy of childhood medulloblastoma. AB - Outcome results of 23 patients with childhood medulloblastomas were analyzed in relation to radiation technique and survival. No failures were noted when radiation dose of 5 400 rad was used; whereas none survived in the sub-group treated with less than 4 000 rad. The prognosis in the very young age group, less than three years old, was worse compared to the older child with a tendency to advanced disease at presentation. Quality of life in all survivors was satisfactory and long-term sequelae were surprisingly minimal in all aspects of physical, mental, and intellectual developments. Vertebral growth disturbance and short stature were the major late sequellae of successful radiotherapy. PMID- 6678309 TI - Summary of the U.S.-Japanese Conference on brain tumor therapy. PMID- 6678308 TI - Interferon effects on multiplication, cytoplasmic protein and GFAP content, and morphology in human glioma cells. AB - Beta-type human fibroblast interferon inhibited the multiplication of human glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects were thought to be due to suppression of the cells entering the S-phase. After interferon treatment with 5 X 10(3) IU/ml for ten days, the mean cell volume, the soluble protein, and the glial fibrillary acidic protein increased to 970%, 190%, and 380% that of the controls, respectively. The interferon-treated cells changed shape and resembled mature astrocytes. It is presumed that beta-type human fibroblast interferon inhibits DNA synthesis of cultured glial cells and subsequently induces specific differentiated proteins and morphologic alteration. PMID- 6678310 TI - Influence of route of administration on the pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone. AB - This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of route of administration upon the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone sodium succinate. Fourteen healthy adult male volunteers received 40 mg doses of methylprednisolone as the following treatments after an overnight fast in a 4-way crossover design: (a) as a 1 ml i.v. bolus; (b) as a 1 ml i.m. injection; (c) administered as an oral solution; and (d) as 5 X 8 mg oral tablets. Both the ester and free methylprednisolone were determined in plasma and urine. Study results indicate that the ester is rapidly and extensively converted to free methylprednisolone after all routes. The extent of methylprednisolone absorption was equivalent after i.v. and i.m. administration. Both orally administered treatments resulted in a lower extent of absorption attributed to a first-pass effect. Although a slightly lower extent of absorption was demonstrated following the oral administration of the methylprednisolone sodium succinate solution relative to the methylprednisolone oral tablets, this average difference of 9% would probably be of minimal therapeutic importance. PMID- 6678311 TI - Prediction of diazepam disposition in the rat and man by a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. AB - A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for diazepam disposition was developed in the rat, incorporating anatomical, physiological, and biochemical parameters, i.e., tissue volume, blood flow rate, serum free fraction, distribution of diazepam into red blood cells, drug metabolism and tissue-to blood distribution ratio. The serum free fraction of diazepam was determined by equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees C and was constant over a wide concentration range. Partition of diazepam between plasma and erythrocytes was determined in vitro at 37 degrees C, and the resultant blood-to-plasma concentration ratio was constant over a wide concentration range. The enzymatic parameters (Km, Vmax) of the eliminating organs, i.e., liver, kidney, and lung, previously determined using microsomes, were used for the prediction. The tissue-to-blood distribution ratios inferred by inspection of the data when pseudoequilibrium is reached after i.v. bolus injection of 1.2 mg/kg diazepam were corrected according to the method of Chen and Gross. Predicted diazepam concentration time-course profiles in plasma and various organs or tissues, using an 11-compartmental model, were compared with those observed. Prediction was successful in all compartments including brain, the target organ of diazepam. Scale-up of the disposition kinetics of diazepam from rat to man was also successful. PMID- 6678313 TI - Phenotypic variation of human antithrombin III in normal plasma: detection by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 6678314 TI - Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in two sisters. Possible autosomal recessive inheritance. PMID- 6678312 TI - Evaluation of potential causes for the incomplete bioavailability of furosemide: gastric first-pass metabolism. AB - Potential causes for reported incomplete (usually 40-60%) and often highly variable (e.g., 11-79%) bioavailability of furosemide in humans were investigated. The drug was found to be fairly stable in gastric fluids and its hepatic first-pass elimination (HFPE) was estimated to be much less than 6% based on published i.v. data. The rat was used as the main model for extensive evaluation. About 4% (n = 4) of dose was recovered unchanged in the GI tract after i.v. injection while about 40% (n = 12) was recovered after a 120-fold (0.05-6 mg) dose range of oral administration. In another study 70% of the oral dose eventually disappearing (presumably due to absorption and first-pass elimination) from the GI tract was estimated to occur in just 20 min. These data indicate an unsaturable, incomplete, site-specific absorption as well as a lack of dissolution-rate-limited absorption at the doses studied. Based on plasma data, oral bioavailability in four rats was only 30%, and the HFPE much less than 10%. After oral administration, 61% of the dose was absorbed and/or metabolized in the GI recovery study. Thus, 20-30% of oral dose in rats must be metabolized in the GI wall during absorption. The metabolic activity of stomach (homogenate) from 5 rats was found to be much (e.g., 5-10.5-fold) greater than those of liver and small intestine. This was also confirmed in preliminary studies with 3 rabbits and 1 dog. Large intersubject variability in enzyme activity was found in rats and rabbits. The phenomenon of a presystemic first-pass effect was also substantiated by urinary excretion data of a metabolite. It is postulated that variable gastric and intestinal first-pass metabolism may be a major factor causing incomplete and irregular absorption of furosemide in humans. PMID- 6678315 TI - An improved method for the production of antisera to G1m allotypes. PMID- 6678316 TI - Distal deletion of the short arm of chromosome No. 10: a case report. PMID- 6678317 TI - Partial trisomy for 7p due to maternal balanced translocation. PMID- 6678318 TI - [An electrophysiological study on peripheral neurotoxicity of 2,3-butanedione, 2,4-pentanedione and 2,5-hexanedione in rats]. AB - A series of studies was made to clarify the relationship of the chemical structures of 2,3-butanedione (2,3-BDione), 2,4-pentanedione (2,4-PDione) and 2,5 hexanedione (2,5-HDione) to neurotoxicity in terms of n-hexane neuropathy and relative neurotoxic potentials, using electrophysiological methods. These compounds are all molecularly symmetrical diketones with 4, 5 and 6 carbons respectively. A 200 mg/kg dose of each compound was administered subcutaneously five days a week to one of three groups of eight rats. This program continued for 40 weeks in the case of 2,3-BDione and 2,4-PDione and for 14 weeks in the case of 2,5-HDione. Electrophysiological studies of the effects of the compounds on the peripheral nerve were performed by measuring maximum motor conduction velocities (MCV) and sensory conduction velocities (SCV) in the tail nerve of the rats. Residual latencies (RL), motor distal latencies (DL), amplitudes of the muscle action potentials (MAP), and amplitudes of the nerve action potentials (NAP) were also estimated. A significant slowing of MCV began to be observed in the 2,5 HDione group at the 6th week and in the 2,4-PDione group at 10th week. At 8th week, a significant decrease in SCV was also observed in these two groups. The degree of reduction in both MCV and SCV was more pronounced in the 2,5-HDione group than in the 2,4-PDione group. In the 2,5-HDione group, the MCV values were more strongly affected than the SCV values. On the other hand, in the 2,4-PDione group the SCV values were slowed more than the MCV values. The amplitudes of MAP and NAP in the 2,5-HDione group decreased significantly at 12th week and at 10th week, respectively. In the 2,4-PDione group, a significant decrease in NAP amplitudes was observed at 16th week and that in MAP amplitudes at 28th week. The 2,3-BDione group showed a decrease in MAP amplitudes at 28th week. The RL and DL were markedly prolonged at an early stage only in the 2,5-HDione group. The gamma diketone of 6, 7 and 8 normal chains of the aliphatic hydrocarbons has been reported to cause peripheral distal axonopathy with giant axonal degeneration. This disorder is named gamma-diketone neuropathy. In this study, neurotoxic evidence was revealed by 2,4-PDione, which is 5-carbon and symmetrical beta diketone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6678319 TI - [Studies on the serum aldolase activity in workers with muscle disorders caused by vibration work]. AB - Recently, vibrating tools such as chain saws, pneumatic hammers, rock drills, riveters, and grinders have been widely introduced in various industries in order to increase efficiency and to reduce the burden of labor. The disease due to hand arm vibration often causes serious damages to the operator's body, more particularly of the circulatory, peripheral nervous, osteo-articular and muscular systems. Many kinds of examinations such as roentgenography, electromyography, and sthenometry have been used to diagnose the damage to the musculoskeletal systems. Among these, the measurement of muscular strength, evaluated by grip and pinch strength, is widely used in mass examinations of vibration hazards but this is not always effective in precise recognition of the decrease in muscular strength. In the present study, therefore, in order to diagnose the severity of muscle disorders objectively, serum activities of aldolase (ALD), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which are called "muscle enzymes," were determined in 260 chain saw operators aged 40 to 59 years. The same tests were performed for 46 healthy subjects (controls) of a similar age range, who had a very short experience handling bush cleaners. All chain saw operators were classified into four groups according to the total chain saw operating time (TOT): 1) 58 operators with up to 2,500 hours' experience, 2) 70 with 2,500-5,000 hours' experience, 3) 74 with 5,000-10,000 hours' experience, and 4) 58 with over 10,000 hours' experience. The relationships were investigated in their enzyme activities on the one hand, and their TOT, muscular strength and numbness and pain symptoms related to muscle disorders of the upper extremities on the other hand. The following results were obtained: 1) Serum ALD and LDH activities in chain saw operators increased in proportion to the decrease in muscular strength. The activity of ALD showed a tendency to increase with increased TOT. The ALD activity in the group with over 5,000 hours' experience was significantly higher than that in the control group. However, no relationships were observed between CPK, LDH activities and TOT. 2) In chain saw operators with numbness and pain symptoms, ALD activity in the group with 2,500 hours' experience was significantly higher than that in the control group. However, no obvious relationships were found between CPK, LDH activities and numbness and pain symptoms. 3) In chain saw operators with muscular weakness in addition to numbness and pain symptoms, ALD activity in the group with over 2,500 hours' experience was significantly higher than that in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6678320 TI - [Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in red blood cells in different ages (2nd report). An elucidation of the factors decreasing ALAD activity by aging of rabbit's red blood cells]. AB - ALAD activity is decreased by lead as well as by the aging of red cells. Experiments were performed to clarify the factors decreasing ALAD activity by the aging of red blood cells in rabbits. Measurements were conducted on ALAD activity and lead contents in young and old cells. Lead content in both young and old RBC groups ranged from 32 to 68 and 61 to 115 ng/10(10) RBC respectively. The old cells had a higher range of lead (21 to 50 ng) than the young cells. The result revealed that the increased lead content was not the main cause of decreased ALAD activity. Fully activated ALAD activity in both groups was measured by adding zinc ion (0.25 mM) and dithiothreitol (10 mM). The activity ratio of young to old cells was 1 to 0.6, suggesting that the decrease in enzyme depended on aging. The fully activated ALAD activity and oxidation of this enzyme were compared among erythroblasts, young and old cells. The ALAD activity decreased by 5-19.6% in young red cells and by 37-67% in old ones against that of erythroblasts. Treatment of the enzyme with dithiothreitol increased the activity by 12.6-19.4% in young red cells and by 24.2-27.3% in old ones. No increase in the enzyme activity in erythroblasts with dithiothreitol treatment was observed. These results suggest that the decreased activity of ALAD by aging is due mainly to the decrease of enzyme amount, partly to the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups of this enzyme, and only slightly to the increase in the blood lead. PMID- 6678321 TI - [A simple and rapid determination of organic solvent components in paint and adhesives]. PMID- 6678322 TI - [Studies of factors causing artifact waves on ECG]. PMID- 6678323 TI - [Electrical characteristics of surface electrodes]. PMID- 6678324 TI - [Insulated electrodes]. PMID- 6678325 TI - [Semiconductor multielectrode]. PMID- 6678326 TI - Detection of cannabinoids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Part II. Quantitation of cannabidiol and cannabinol in human urine and blood plasma by GC/MS. PMID- 6678327 TI - Determination of the age of bloodstains by enzyme activities in blood cells. PMID- 6678328 TI - Heat stability of Y-chromatin in blood smears. PMID- 6678329 TI - Study on chronic suffocation. 1. The survival time and the change of acid-base balance. PMID- 6678330 TI - [Serum CPK and aldolase activities in rabbits with tourniquet shock]. PMID- 6678331 TI - [A study on the metabolism of methamphetamine in its abusers]. PMID- 6678332 TI - [An experimental study on the ethanol ratio of breath to blood]. PMID- 6678333 TI - [Statistical studies on suicides inspected by the Hyogo Medical Examiner's Office during the years from 1971 to 1980]. PMID- 6678334 TI - [The 13th regional meetings of eastern and western Japan: Japanese Society of Nephrology. May 20-21 and May 27-28, 1983, Tokyo and Kurashiki, Japan. Abstracts]. PMID- 6678335 TI - Molecular biology of host-parasite relationship in infectious diseases, especially in salmonellosis, tuberculosis and leprosy. PMID- 6678336 TI - Salt dependent beta-lactam antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. PMID- 6678337 TI - Antigenic relationships among Saccharomycopsis species. PMID- 6678338 TI - Some aspects of the gastrointestinal microflora of germfree mice associated with cultured microfloras. AB - Attempts are described to 'normalize' germfree mice by association with 3, 21 and 71 different intestinal bacterial cultures isolated from mice with an SPF flora. Germfree mice associated naturally with an SPF flora served as controls. Vital bacterial counts were determined by aerobic and anaerobic culture. Stomach and small intestine contained fewer bacteria per gram than caecum and large intestine. Aerobic vital counts from caecum and large intestine were higher in the experimental groups than in control mice. The aerobic and anaerobic flora in stomach and small intestine comprised mainly Gram-positive non-fusiform shaped rods. In the caecum and colon Gram-positive cocci predominated in the aerobic culture while in the anaerobic culture fusiform-shaped rods were prominent. Scanning electron microscopy of oesophagus, ileum, caecum and faeces demonstrated colonization of the oesophageal epithelium only after association with 71 bacterial strains; the filamentous bacteria present in the ileum of SPF mice were not found in the experimental groups and caecum and faeces contained mainly fusiform-shaped bacteria. Non-bacterial matter decreased in the caecum and faeces with increase in the complexity of the flora. PMID- 6678339 TI - Continuous infusion anaesthesia in baboons with alphaxolone-alphadolone. AB - 39 experiments were carried out in baboons using continuous intravenous infusion of alphaxalone-alphadolone as an anaesthetic for periods of up to 6 h. This steroid anaesthetic was found to be safe and reliable, with smooth, rapid induction, uneventful recovery, and no evidence of cumulative effect. PMID- 6678340 TI - Hereditary erythroblastic anaemia in the laboratory mouse. AB - Hereditary erythroblastic anaemia was found in a homozygous mutant (hea/hea) of an inbred strain CFO, which originated from noninbred CF#1 mice from Carworth Inc. This newly-described anaemia is inherited as an autosomal recessive and is lethal at 15-25 days of age. Erythrocytes of anaemic mice show striking polychromasia, anisocytosis, and poikilocytosis. One of the most marked features of this anaemia is the presence of large numbers of nucleated cells, mainly orthochromatophilic erythroblasts and myeloid cells, in the circulation. They also include immature erythroid and myeloid cells. Many naked nuclei appear on smears from circulating blood of anaemic infants. Erythrocytes, haematocrit percentage, and haemoglobin content of older anaemic infants were only about 50% of those of the normal. Formation of erythroid, myeloid cells, and megakaryocytes in the bone marrow seems to be progressively affected by mutant alleles in the anaemic infants. PMID- 6678341 TI - Hair embolism in lungs of rat and rabbit caused by intravenous injection. AB - Among 1422 Sprague-Dawley rats treated daily for 28 consecutive days by i.v. injection, 144 animals (10.1%) showed particles of hair in thrombi at the site of injection. 381 rats (26.8%) had pulmonary emboli with fragments of hair and skin in arterial thrombi or in giant cell granulomas. 6 weeks after cessation of treatment lesions were still found in lungs from 5 of 90 rats (5.6%) allowed to recover. After the experimental administration of 0.75 ml/100 g body wt of a hair suspension (3000 hair particles/ml) to rats, there was no influence on phagocytosis whether endogenous or foreign hairs were injected. In 8 of 64 Himalayan rabbits (12.5%) given 28 injections each into ear veins pulmonary embolism was observed. PMID- 6678342 TI - A laryngoscope for use in rabbits. PMID- 6678343 TI - Experimental iron deficiency in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). AB - An animal model was developed in which the effect of iron deficiency on the oral mucosa could be studied. Iron deficiency was induced by feeding hamsters a low iron powdered diet together with withdrawal of 0.5 ml of blood weekly, for a period of 9 weeks. At the end of this period the mean haematological values for control animals were, Hb 15.9 g/dl, plasma iron 40.3 mumol/l, TIBC 90.5 mumol/l and transferrin saturation 44.5%, compared with 7.4, 7.2, 111.4 and 6.5 respectively for experimental animals. These results were reproducible in successive groups of animals and indicate that this is a useful model for the study of iron deficiency anaemia. PMID- 6678344 TI - Clinical salmonellosis in a guinea pig colony caused by a new Salmonella serotype, Salmonella ochiogu. AB - During a severe outbreak of clinical salmonellosis in an experimental guinea pig colony, a new strain of Salmonella was isolated and identified. The new serotype, with the antigenic structure 1,3,19 : Z38 : e, n, Z15, for which the name Salmonella ochiogu has been suggested, caused both enteric and systemic infection in the animal colony. During the outbreak a total of 127 animals died (26.9%). All ages of animal were affected. Treatment with oral tetracycline was successful when combined with strict hygienic measures. PMID- 6678345 TI - The genetics of esterase 12 and esterase 13 polymorphisms in the Norway rat. AB - 2 new esterase polymorphisms (Es-12 and Es-13) were discovered in haemolysates of wild rats (Rattus norvegicus) by gel electrophoresis. Both loci are probably monomeric. Linkage analysis indicates that neither locus is associated with the esterase cluster in linkage group V. PMID- 6678346 TI - A restraint chair for primates. AB - A humane, adjustable and comfortable restraint chair is described which is suitable for a wide variety of experiments on unsedated primates weighing between 3.5 and 15 kg. PMID- 6678347 TI - The breeding performance of CD1 stud male mice with some comparative data from BALB/c, PSD and PSDI strains. AB - CD1 stud males produced a high percentage of pregnancies from virgin females during weeks 1 to 21, but were at their peak during weeks 1 to 13, when they achieved a 91.35 +/- 4.63% pregnancy rate. Peak littering occurred on day 22, with a mean litter size of 11.68 +/- 0.85 young. PMID- 6678348 TI - Laboratory animal allergy: the measurement of airborne urinary allergens and the effects of different environmental conditions. AB - Casella Simquad air samplers, with 0.5 microM cut-off filters, were employed to sample the air in a laboratory animal house environment. The extracts obtained were assayed for laboratory animal urinary protein allergens using the inhibition radioallergosorbent test (RAST inhibition). The results showed that the collection and assay methods were of value and studies were extended to the influence of air change rates and humidity on airborne allergen levels. Reducing the air changes increased allergen levels, whilst increasing the humidity from 54% to 77% caused a significant reduction in allergen levels. PMID- 6678349 TI - Lifespan ontogeny of breeding and reproductive success in Mongolian gerbils. AB - An analysis was made of demographic data collected from a colony of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The data on births of over 3800 gerbils provide evidence on several aspects of development and fecundity. Approximately 4% more females than males survived to weaning. Mean number of pups per dam per year was estimated to be 48.3, greater reproductive success than reported previously. The shortest period of gestation resulting in viable pups was 25 days. Implantation was delayed by the presence of suckling pups. When gestation was prolonged, there was a direct relationship between the number of pups being suckled concurrently and the length of the delay. Length of gestation did not affect the size of the subsequent litter. Female gerbils gave birth as early as 72 days of age. Gerbils continued to reproduce until after 2 years of age in some cases. There were fewer pups per litter born to older females, fewer pups per litter with increasing parity, and longer intervals between litters with increasing age. PMID- 6678350 TI - The effect of 'Alcide' on 4 strains of rodent coccidial oocysts. AB - The effect of 'Alcide' on oocysts of 2 species of Eimeria from rats and 2 from mice was investigated. E. pragensis oocysts survived 24 h contact with the chemical, but those of the other species were inactivated. Periods of exposure of less than 2 1/2 h did not inactivate oocysts of any Eimeria species. PMID- 6678351 TI - Recovery of members of the Pasteurella-Actinobacillus-group from guinea pigs. AB - In the course of post-mortem bacteriological examination of conventional guinea pigs, 88 isolates belonging to the Pasteurella-Actinobacillus-group were recovered from 69 of 279 animals (25%). Most isolates were recovered from pneumonic lung, enteritic jejunum and inflamed mammary gland. No relationship was found between biotype and source of isolation. About 50% of isolates were recovered in pure culture or as the predominant micro-organism. It is concluded that members of the Pasteurella-Actinobacillus-group must be considered potentially pathogenic for guinea pigs. PMID- 6678352 TI - Ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride anaesthesia in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). AB - The combination ketamine-xylazine was assessed as a surgical anaesthetic in the golden hamster. Several dose levels and routes of injection were evaluated. It was determined that 50-200 mg/kg bodyweight of ketamine with 10 mg/kg body weight of xylazine, when given by intraperitoneal injection, was a satisfactory general anaesthetic. PMID- 6678353 TI - A hereditary nervous disorder in Fayoumi chickens. AB - A hereditary nervous disorder in Fayoumi chickens is described. Affected chickens developed seizure symptoms characterized by sudden crouching to the ground with neck rigidly flexed. The duration of the seizure varied from case to case, usually lasting for 15 to 30 s. The seizure was triggered by unexpected loud noise, sudden movement, bright light and other audiovisual stimuli. The main histopathological lesions consisted of degeneration of small arteries, with cellular infiltration in the cerebrum of all chickens examined and demyelination and/or loss of nerve fibres with oedema and Schwann cell proliferation in the cervical spinal nerves of most birds. Genetic analysis revealed that the condition was heritable and apparently controlled by an autosomal recessive gene. PMID- 6678354 TI - Use of a bidirectional cannula to study biliary secretion in conscious dogs. AB - A new biliary bidirectional cannula is described which allows the study of biliary secretion in conscious dogs under conditions which approach physiological normality. PMID- 6678355 TI - The relationship between blood flow of mammary tissue and its overlying skin in the mouse. AB - To determine the relationship between mammary and cutaneous blood flow (BF) the regional distribution of 86RbCl was used to estimate the fractional distribution of the cardiac output to these tissues in virgin, multiparous, pregnant and lactating mice. The results indicate a positive linear correlation between the values obtained for the skin and that obtained for its underlying mammary tissue. This finding may have a practical application, since the skin is more readily accessible for BF measurements than the mammary tissue that it covers. PMID- 6678356 TI - The effect on rats of practical diets containing different protein and energy levels. AB - Rats of 3 strains were fed diets of natural ingredients in 4 different laboratories. The diets contained different levels of protein and energy within ranges comparable to those found in existing laboratory diets. Energy level over the range examined appeared to exert greatest influence on bodyweight gain, but had no effect on food intake. The diet with the highest amino acid content was consumed in smaller amounts than the other diets. Food utilization was less efficient in the lower energy diets. Fat deposition was reduced in animals fed the lowest energy diet. It is concluded that energy level of the diet exerts an effect on the rate of bodyweight gain in rats, but that for longer-term studies a reduced energy level may be beneficial by leading to smaller fat deposits with consequent increase in longevity. PMID- 6678357 TI - The effect on mice of practical diets containing different protein and energy levels. AB - Mice of 2 strains were fed diets of natural ingredients in 3 different laboratories. The diets, which were fed before and after pelleting, contained levels of protein and energy within the ranges comparable to those found in existing laboratory diets and were the same formulation as those fed to rats in a previous paper. The diet with the lowest energy level supported the lowest rate of bodyweight gain, as it had with rats. Little effect was noticed on food consumption, conversion efficiency or water intake. Animals fed the pelleted diets gained bodyweight faster and there were indications of greater food and water consumption and also food conversion efficiency. It was concluded that food intake was improved with the pelleted diets resulting in the other increases. PMID- 6678358 TI - Reproductive performance of rabbits on a low protein diet. AB - The growth and reproductive performance of rabbits reared on diet 18 and transferred to diet R14 (low protein/energy ratio) for (a) 3-4 weeks prior to mating or (b) 4 weeks prior to mating and throughout pregnancy were examined. Observations are presented on bodyweights, size and colour of the vulva and mating behaviour, pregnancy rate, and neonatal mortality. No significant differences were noted in comparison with 'controls' receiving Diet 18. PMID- 6678359 TI - Blood coagulation studies in domestic pigs (Hanover breed) and minipigs (Goettingen breed). AB - Blood coagulation studies were performed on 60 Hanover domestic pigs ready for slaughter and a total of 84 Goettingen minipigs. A tendency to hypercoagulability was found in these pigs, expressed in a shortened PTT, r- and k-time in the thromboelastogram and a slightly reduced plasminogen and plasmin level. Many values were similar to those of man. Thrombin time was longer. This may be due more to enhanced formation of fibrin degradation products (anti-thrombin VI) than to greater amounts of endogenous heparin being released. The longer reptilase and thrombin coagulase times support this. The thrombocyte count differed only slightly. The findings suggest that the Goettingen minipigs and Hanover domestic pig are suitable animals for comparative blood coagulation studies. PMID- 6678360 TI - Sleep disturbances in infancy and childhood. PMID- 6678361 TI - Limb pains in children. PMID- 6678362 TI - The child with abdominal pain. PMID- 6678364 TI - Significance of Q waves in the ECG of children with congenital heart disease. PMID- 6678363 TI - Gastroscopic features of children with chronic abdominal pain. PMID- 6678365 TI - The management of patient ductus arteriosus in very low birthweight infants. PMID- 6678366 TI - The acardiac foetus. PMID- 6678367 TI - Acute bronchiolitis in infancy. PMID- 6678368 TI - Neuromuscular disorders of infancy and childhood. PMID- 6678369 TI - Pressure drop and velocity fields at four mechanical heart valve prostheses: Bjork-Shiley Standard, Bjork-Shiley Concave-Convex, Hall-Kaster and St. Jude Medical. PMID- 6678370 TI - Clinical experience in human diabetics with portable and implantable insulin minipumps. AB - We report our personal experience of chronic ambulatory insulin therapy via portable and implantable pumps in insulin-dependent diabetics. Fifteen patients, poorly controlled on conventional insulin injections, were equipped with portable Siemens pumps. These pumps offer compactness, safety means, portability, one month insulin reservoir and variable insulin rates. The pump catheter was chronically inserted in the peritoneal space using a non-surgical personal technique. Our present experience, representing six patient-years of treatment (range 1 to 16 months), shows excellent steady blood glucose control (mean blood glucose is 115 +/- 5 mg/dl v. 187 +/- 21 mg/dl with conventional therapy). All incidents were minor and most were catheter related. However, there was no catheter removal or discontinuation of pump treatment. All patients declared that there was a marked improvement in their quality of life. One of the pump-treated patients agreed to be transferred to a totally implantable Siemens prototype. The pump was inserted in the muscular wall of abdomen, and the delivery catheter terminated in the peritoneal space. Refills are made percutaneously approximately every 20 days. Rates and functions of the pump are remotely controlled. Five months after implantation, results, compared with those of a portable pump, show similar excellent blood glucose control and pump precision with a further improvement in the patient's quality of life. Thus, although further miniaturization and longer autonomy are expected in the forthcoming devices, our present experience shows that, with careful patient instruction and follow up, insulin pumps could represent in the next years an alternative to conventional insulin therapy for poorly controlled diabetics. PMID- 6678371 TI - Comparative losses of free amino acids and their plasma variations in artificial substitutive programmes for chronic uraemia. AB - This study provides a comparative evaluation of the losses of free amino acids which take place in the various artificial substitutive therapies for chronic uraemia (conventional haemodialysis, haemofiltration, haemoperfusion, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, intermittent peritoneal dialysis). The highest loss was found during haemofiltration sessions, the lowest in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The differing loss rates do not influence patients' plasma amino acid patterns either in the short or in the long term (up to 12 months). Moreover, no currently available artificial therapy can correct the basic uraemia-related alterations of plasma amino acid patterns. PMID- 6678372 TI - A study of biochemical and biomechanical qualities of normal and myopic eye sclera in humans of different age groups. AB - This paper presents an account of a series of parallel experiments aimed at determining the relationship of biochemical and biomechanical qualities of the scleral membrane of the human eye. In all, 59 scleras of humans were tested, including 47 normal scleras of people belonging to different age groups and 12 myopic scleras of mature eyes. It is demonstrated that eye formation in ontogenesis is accompanied by thickening of all scleral regions, especially the posterior region, accumulation of collagen and elastin in the posterior pole par excellence, a reduced share of soluble collagen fractions, a lower content of glycosaminoglycanes in the equatorial region and an increase of tensile strength and elasticity module. The authors distinguish a so-called group of risk marked by a reduced content of collagen in the posterior scleral region as well as a delayed decrease of its soluble fractions with age in the posterior and in the equatorial regions and a diminished tensile strength. For this group, the appearance and progress of myopia is rather probable. PMID- 6678373 TI - Effect of the antihypoxant-sodium hydroxybutyrate on visual functions and oxidative processes in glaucoma patients. AB - This paper presents the results of the application of sodium hydroxybutyrate as 5% sugar syrup for the treatment of glaucoma patients. Common ophthalmological investigation methods and the oxyhemography were used. Fifty-two primary glaucoma patients (99 eyes) in various stages of disease and with different intraocular pressure levels were investigated. It was found that due to sodium hydroxybutyrate in 36 patients (69%) with statistical significance the visual field limits enlarged; in 15 patients visual acuity improved. The drug was efficient in the initial and developed glaucoma with normalized ophthalmotonus level. Significant improvement of the oxygen metabolism--oxygen saturation level of arterial blood and compensatory mechanisms functions of oxygenation-reduction processes in the majority of the patients was found. On the ground of the obtained findings the authors make a conclusion about the expediency of including 5% sodium hydroxybutyrate syrup in the complex treatment of primary glaucoma patients. PMID- 6678374 TI - Glycose tolerance curve, HbA1 determination and cataract. AB - In a series of patients with advanced cataract and in another one of patients with incipient cataract, aged under 55 years, with no history of trauma or diabetes and a normal fasting blood sugar, the standard glycose tolerance test, as well as the HbA1 determination were performed. About 34% of the patients of the first group and 10% of the second group showed abnormalities of the tests. Asymptomatic diabetes was diagnosed in these patients and it is concluded that glycose intolerance is common in patients with advanced or incipient cataract, under 55 years of age, who show no glycosuria and have a normal fasting blood sugar on routine examination. PMID- 6678375 TI - Contrast sensitivity of hemodialysis patients. AB - The contrast sensitivity of patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy for chronic renal failure was measured and compared to that of a control group. Both contrast sensitivity and visual acuity of the patients were reduced. Ocular and fundoscopic exams revealed differences between the patients and controls, but these differences could not fully account for the visual deficits. The visual deficits could be expected to cause reduced visibility under everyday conditions for the patients. PMID- 6678376 TI - Bilateral optic atrophy associated with abnormality of chromosome No. 2. AB - A one year old female infant with mental and motor retardation and bilateral optic atrophy in association with pericentric inversion of chromosome No. 2 is described. PMID- 6678377 TI - Globular-like deformities of the cornea in a patient with dwarfism. AB - A family affected with pituitary dwarfism transmitted probably as an X-linked recessive or autosomal recessive condition, is described. The propositus had globular-like changes in his cornea, this latter as a sequela of endocrine disturbances, is suggested and discussed. PMID- 6678378 TI - Some new data on the mechanism of the oxygen metabolism kinetics error in glaucoma. AB - The paper presents the results of the study on oxygen metabolism in glaucoma patients. In the study a combined method, including oxyhemography and polarography, was used: a) for the determination of the tissue oxygen absorbtion constant (TOAC); and b) for the determination of the blood oxygen discharge rate (BODR) performed by the method of polarographic coulonometry. In 93 glaucoma patients, various forms, stages, and intraocular pressure compensation degree were examined. The results of the oxyhemographic measurements showed oxygen deficiency in the majority of patients. In 41 patients, TOAC determination showed the increase of these values by 38%. The blood oxygen discharge rate (BODR) also exceeded the norm. The above-mentioned results indicate some significant errors of the oxygen metabolism at all stages of glaucoma. PMID- 6678380 TI - Antibiotic guidelines and antibiotic policies. PMID- 6678381 TI - Torture and the teaching of medical ethics. PMID- 6678379 TI - [Comparative study of 3 strains of Naegleria]. PMID- 6678383 TI - Aboriginal health. PMID- 6678382 TI - Mortality rates in 14 Queensland Aboriginal reserve communities. PMID- 6678384 TI - Use of antibiotic agents in a large teaching hospital. The impact of Antibiotic Guidelines. AB - Three surveys of antibiotic use have been conducted at The Royal Melbourne Hospital. The first was conducted in 1978, before the introduction of the booklet, Antibiotic Guidelines; the second was conducted eight months after, and the most recent, four years after, its distribution. In 1978, 30% of 563 patients surveyed were receiving antibiotic therapy; this proportion declined to 28% of 967 patients studied in 1982. At the beginning of 1978, 52% of all treatments audited were judged appropriate when compared with those recommended in the Guidelines; this proportion rose to 72% in the second survey and was maintained at 70% in 1982. Certain inappropriate prescribing patterns persisted, such as the use of amoxycillin for the treatment of primary pneumonia, surgical antibiotic prophylaxis which was started too late, and the failure to simplify therapy when the results of microbiological investigations became available. Antibiotic guidelines facilitate the auditing of antibiotic usage and aid rational prescribing. Nevertheless, additional measures appear necessary if specific patterns of misuse of antibiotic agents are to be corrected. PMID- 6678385 TI - Comparison of intramuscularly and intravenously administered clonidine in the treatment of severe hypertension. AB - Twenty-four patients with severe hypertension (diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than 14.7 kPa (110 mmHg] were allocated at random to one of two treatment groups. All were given clonidine hydrochloride; twelve by intramuscular injection (Group 1), and 12 by intravenous injection (Group 2). The two routes were equally effective; diastolic blood pressure was reduced to less than 13.3 kPa (100 mmHg) in 11 patients in Group 1 and 10 patients in Group 2. The response in both groups was smooth, with no episodes of severe hypotension. Two patients in each group showed an initial transient pressor response. Clonidine hydrochloride, administered either intravenously or intramuscularly, is an effective treatment for severe hypertension but patients should be observed closely during the first hour after injection. PMID- 6678386 TI - The doctor and the drug addict. PMID- 6678387 TI - Torture, doctors and the World Medical Association. PMID- 6678388 TI - Digital gangrene caused by finger pricks made to obtain blood for blood glucose monitoring. AB - We report the case of a 57-year-old man with diabetes in whom severe Raynaud's phenomenon and digital infarction were precipitated by finger pricks made to obtain blood for blood glucose monitoring. We discuss the possible mechanisms involved. PMID- 6678389 TI - Smokescreen. PMID- 6678391 TI - [Reactivation of the allogenous component of experimental skin inflammation after exposure to ultraviolet rays]. AB - The effects of U.V. radiation induced cutaneous erythema on an experimental inflammation focus in another part of the body have been studied. The skin inflammation caused by carbon dioxide snow was used as a model. The onset of erythema is followed by reactivation of the diminishing inflammation process. It is therefore deduced that such effects are transmitted humorally and that reactivation is caused by histamine circulation. Histamine is released locally from the U.V. induced erythema and, entering into the circulation, increased the permeability of the microvessels in the inflamed area. This sends inactive chemical mediators to the interstitial sector where the appropriate conditions for their activation exist. PMID- 6678390 TI - Stress and morphine affect survival of rats challenged with a mammary ascites tumor (MAT 13762B). AB - We have previously shown that exposure to inescapable footshock stress decreases survival of rats injected with a mammary ascites tumor (MAT 13762B). This increased vulnerability to the tumor challenge was prevented by an opiate antagonist, naltrexone, suggesting mediation by opioid peptides. Supporting this hypothesis, we now report that a high dose of an opiate agonist, morphine, also reduces survival of rats given the same tumor. This effect shows tolerance after 14 daily injections. The adverse effect of stress, however, did not show other signs of opioid involvement: it manifested neither tolerance with repeated stress exposures nor cross-tolerance in morphine-tolerant rats. Our recent findings that stress and morphine reduce natural killer cell cytotoxicity in a similar fashion suggest an immune mechanism that may explain the present results. PMID- 6678392 TI - [Importance and evaluation of red cell indices obtained with semi-automatic cell counters during the screening of heterozygote beta-thalassemia]. AB - The Authors present an easy, rapid and economical screening of beta-thalassemia trait by electronic counter. The separation between the beta-trait subject and others who are suffering from different illnesses, especially iron deficiency, is very important. The Authors discuss the results in this investigation. PMID- 6678394 TI - [Update on antibiotic therapy. 16) Sulbenicillin]. PMID- 6678393 TI - [Hemorrhoid pathology in the young]. AB - Although haemorrhoids have been known for centuries, there is still some controversy on the subject. In addition little attention has so far been paid to their appearance in young people. The incidence and aetiopathogenesis of the condition and the correct therapeutic approach are discussed on the basis of personal experience, clinical research and recent additions to the sparse literature on the subject. PMID- 6678395 TI - [Electromagnetic hyperthermia in the treatment of tumors]. AB - Electromagnetic hyperthermia (EMHT) a form of treatment half way between diathermocoagulation and radiotherapy appears to be an ideal physical method for enhancing the efficiency of oncological radiotherapy. Application techniques are described and dosing criteria are analysed. Clinically speaking, EMHT and RT reciprocity, "internal control", iatrogenic pathology, the connections between EMHT and chemotherapy and the possible association of EMHT and chemoembolisation of solid tumours are examined. In conclusion EMHT is seen as a significant development in Biomedical Thermology or a particular aspect of non-ionising radiology (NIR). PMID- 6678396 TI - [Benign and malignant gastric ulcers: is their localization relevant in their differential diagnosis?]. AB - A study of potentially benign or malignant ulcer in the stomach was made to assess its role in the differential diagnosis between these two conditions. In the 201 patients observed, no statistically significant differences in frequency in the various sites were noted as regard either benign or malignant lesions. The site of the ulcer cannot be taken as indicative of its nature. PMID- 6678397 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of malleolar ulcers in thalassemia]. AB - On the basis of excellent results obtained in the treatment of ulcers of the lower extremities in thalassaemia cases, a therapy plan based on a brief examination of the pathogenetic aspects is presented. PMID- 6678398 TI - [Current clinical aspects of leptospirosis]. AB - Leptospirosis is still endemic in the Po valley. It has an extremely protean clinical picture. In a series of 79 cases diagnosed at Pavia in the period 1970 79 hepatonephritic forms were the most common (29.1%), followed by febrile or pseudo-influenza forms (25.3%), hepatitis (20.2%), nephritis (17.8%), and meningitis (7.6%). Febrile hepatonephritis was always accompanied by the most severe pictures. Timely antibiotic management with penicillin or ampicillin, and above all the early use of peritoneal dialysis (carried in 10 subjects) enable a final cure to be obtained even in these cases. The only death in that series did not appear to be ascribable to the disease itself. PMID- 6678399 TI - [Possibilities and current technics of dialysis in leptospirosis with severe renal damage]. AB - Three patients with severe liver and renal failure admitted to the Infectious Diseases Department of the Alessandria for suspected leptospirosis in the second half of 1979 are presented. In one case, the agent responsible was Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae AB Wjnberg strain, in another Gram-negative sepsis, and in the third acute pancreatitis associated with serious Escherichia coli infection. An account is given of the peritoneal dialysis technique that led to successful resolution of the serious liver and renal failure. PMID- 6678400 TI - [Therapy and prevention of leptospirosis]. AB - After a brief description of the experimental and clinical data on antibiotic treatment of leptospirosis, personal experience of 47 patients is reported. The administration of antibiotics to these patients with Weil's disease, lymphocytic meningitis or grippe-like syndrome began well after the onset of the infection and appeared to have little therapeutic effect. The symptomatic therapy of leptospirosis, especially in the form of Weil's disease with serious renal insufficiency is then referred to and the early use of peritoneal dialysis is recommended. General specific and immunizing (vaccination) prophylaxis procedures are then described. PMID- 6678401 TI - Clinical experiences in neonatal salmonellosis with particular reference to diarrhea and septicemia. PMID- 6678402 TI - Sugar salt solution (SSS) using standard plastic scoops ("blue spoon") in the treatment of acute diarrhoea. PMID- 6678403 TI - Breastfeeding and supplementary feeding practices in Surabaya. PMID- 6678404 TI - Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with short course isoniazid-rifampicin regimen compared with standard regimen in ambulatory pediatric clinic. PMID- 6678405 TI - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. Report of two cases and brief review of related literature. PMID- 6678406 TI - [Antenatal cerebral artery occlusions (4 new cases)]. AB - Cerebral arterial occlusion, occurring during monozygotic twin pregnancies, is a well known entity, specially when one twin is stillborn or macerated. Most of the authors consider that the aetiology is either embolization from the dead fetus or intravascular coagulation causing embolization in the surviving co-twin via placental vascular connections. Some data suggest an infectious endarteritis on the basis of angiographic and histological findings. Clinical features may appear several weeks after birth. CT scan and pathological findings depend on the date of the arterial occlusion. Four recent cases are described, two of them concerning monozygotic twin pregnancies. Pathological, CI scan, clinical features and pathogenesis are discussed taking account of the others data in the literature. PMID- 6678407 TI - [Pseudotumoral cystitis in the newborn infant and children. Problems of the differential diagnosis with bladder botryosarcoma. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - The authors report three cases of pseudo-tumoral cystitis with one prenatally diagnosed by ultra-sound investigation. They point out the difficulties of such a diagnosis. Etiopathogenesis is discussed: though in most of the cases local irritation (due to urinary infection or physical causes) is involved, in several cases no origin is determined. PMID- 6678408 TI - [Severe bronchoalveolitis in chickenpox]. AB - Varicella pneumonia, is commonly an easy diagnostic because of specific eruption. We report a case in an 8 years old child with moderately with-spread macular and purpuric rash. Hematologic data showed anemia and thrombocytopenia from central origin. Surgical biopsy of lung was performed with bacteriologic, parasitologic and virologic studies. The diagnostic was brought by ascension of serum complement fixation titers to varicella virus from 1/8 to 1/1024. This case is compared to those recorded in the literature. PMID- 6678409 TI - [Neonatal ulcero-necrotizing enterocolitis and aspergillosis]. AB - A preterm infant of 33 weeks of gestation and very small birthweight 1040 g developed on the third day of life a necrotizing enterocolitis with spontaneous perforation. Peritoneal fluid and small bowel meconium was cultured and revealed Aspergillus Niger. The literature is reviewed with seven cases of aspergillosis in newborn period. The infant is dead on the tenth day of life from periventricular haemorrhage. Necropsy was performed and revealed no secondary aspergillosis localisation. PMID- 6678410 TI - Head and body hemispace to left and right III: Vibrotactile stimulation and sensory and motor components. AB - Response latencies were measured to vibrotactile stimulation delivered to the forefingers of the left or right hands which were positioned ipsilaterally or contralaterally (across the midline) in left or right hemispace. While the two hands did not differ in speed of response, either hand performed better when located in right hemispace (experiment 1). This effect was greatly reduced, though not eliminated, with 90 degrees lateral head turn, when performance was better with stimulation and responding in right-of-head hemispace, but not right of-body hemispace (experiment 2). When different hands received stimulation and initiated responses, and were located in either the same or opposite hemispace, right-hemispace superiority was found to be motor rather than sensory (experiment 3). These findings are discussed in the context of the true and the phenomenological midline and the clinical syndrome of hemineglect. PMID- 6678411 TI - The effects of temporal modulation on the perceived spatial structure of sine wave gratings. AB - Evidence is presented that two distinct effects are generated when a sine-wave grating is temporally modulated. These effects may differentiated on the grounds of different responses with different forms of temporal modulation (drift or phase reversal), different behaviour with changes of visual eccentricity and with changes of contrast. One effect is roughly equivalent to spatial-frequency doubling, as described by Kelly. The other is seen as a fractional increase in apparent spatial frequency ie 1.2 X 1.4 X the original. Earlier papers are reviewed to lend support to these conclusions. The results obtained for spatial frequency doubling are consistent with Kelly's model of a nonlinearity followed by a temporal integration. Spatial-frequency doubling emerges under conditions where a fractional increase in apparent spatial frequency would generally be expected but the particular spatiotemporal conditions are such that a breakdown in the motion-correspondence process may be suspected. Reasons for the existence of fractional shifts are not entirely clear, but it is argued that the similarity of the shifts induced by various manipulations (decreases of luminance, decreases of contrast, temporal modulation) are such that a general explanation must be sought, rather than one specific to temporal modulation alone. PMID- 6678412 TI - Apparent relative size in the judgment of apparent distance. AB - In experiment 1 judgments of the apparent distance of comparison figures (squares or triangles) were obtained under reduction conditions. These comparison figures were either shaped the same as or different from equidistant standard figures, and were half, equal to, or double the area of the standard figures. Apparent distance was found to be a linear function of the relative area of the comparison figure both in same-shape and different-shape stimulus pair conditions. In addition, apparent distance was found to be a function of perceived area, because in different-shape conditions triangles were generally seen to be closer than squares even when the real area of the standard and comparison was equal. The results of experiment 2 and 3 provide some evidence that the effect of different shapes of standard and comparison on apparent distance is due to the observers' perception of the height rather than the area of figures. The series of experiments shows that the traditional transactionalists' explanation of relative size as a cue for distance is inadequate. PMID- 6678413 TI - Triangles and squares look smaller than they are: some new illusions of extent. AB - Some new illusions of extent are described, and they are discussed in relation to the Muller-Lyer illusion and the constancy-scaling hypothesis. It is concluded that they support a minimal version of this hypothesis in which certain configurations of lines cause changes in local scale in certain directions, independently of whether or not these configurations are incorporated in larger patterns in a way which supports and receives a depth interpretation. PMID- 6678414 TI - The role of motion in infants' perception of solid shape. AB - Previous research has shown that infants as young as the first few months of life perceive several aspects of the three-dimensional environment. Yet we know relatively little about the visual depth information which serves as a basis for their spatial capacities. A study is reported in which a visual habituation procedure was used to examine what types of optical depth information four-month old infants find useful in visually perceiving solid (three-dimensional) shape. Results imply that in the absence of binocular depth cues four-month-olds rely on kinetic depth information to perceive solid shape. PMID- 6678415 TI - Perception of moving, sounding objects by four-month-old infants. AB - Infants and adults were presented with two moving objects accompanied by a single percussive sound. In different experiments, the sound occurred when one object moved through a particular spatial position, when it abruptly changed its direction of movement, or when it made contact with a rigid surface. Infants responded to the sound-object relationship whenever the sound occurred as the object changed direction, irrespective of its impacts with the surface. Adults, in contrast, responded to the sound-object relationship most clearly when sounds were synchronized with impacts. In infancy, perception of auditory-visual relationships thus depends in part on detection of discontinuities in the movement of a visible object. PMID- 6678416 TI - Distinguishing two classes of impossible objects. AB - Psychologists disagree about what is wrong with the fork. R L Gregory says that its spatial orientation is impossible. J M Kennedy claims that it lacks the intact boundaries characteristic of solid objects. In fact, the fork possesses both these flaws. It cannot be made out of wires because the rectangular/trapezoidal shapes representing its conjoined middle plate and prong create a self-contradictory angle between planes. Further, the fork cannot be cut from a flat sheet of paper because figural contours delineating its boundaries show us self-contradictory transformations of surfaces into air space. The fork is important because its two flaws form the bases of distinct classes into which all the recognized impossibles fall. Different arrangements of the fork's critical rectangle/trapezoid shapes are the sole source of paradox in 'depth impossibles'--for instance, the triangle and staircase drawings by R and L S Penrose, the window design published anonymously in Aviation Week & Space Technology in 1964, and Belvedere by M C Escher. And variations on the fork's self-contradictory boundary constitute the only source of paradox in 'impossible solids'--for instance, Escher's Day and Night, Victor Vasarely's Study in Axonometric Perspective, and Escher's Convex and Concave. PMID- 6678418 TI - Two for the price of one. PMID- 6678417 TI - The construction and prediction of psychophysical power functions for the sweetness of equiratio sugar mixtures. AB - Psychophysical taste mixture models describe the relationship between the perceived intensities of the unmixed components and the intensity of the mixture. Three of these models are discussed. As all of these appear either to be internally inconsistent or lack sufficient generality, a simple alternative model has been developed especially for the prediction of the intensity of equiratio mixtures. This model was experimentally tested with glucose-fructose mixtures. On the basis of the data obtained it is shown that a psychophysical equiratio mixture function can be constructed in the same way as a power function for a single compound. The results show that the new mixture model can predict the functions for equiratio mixtures with great precision. Implications for mixture interaction phenomena are discussed. PMID- 6678419 TI - [Esophagitis in alcoholics]. PMID- 6678420 TI - [Effect of cimetidine on the metabolic function of the liver]. PMID- 6678422 TI - [3 cases of accessory pancreas]. PMID- 6678421 TI - [APUDoma of the head of the pancreas with a rare course]. PMID- 6678423 TI - [Hepatologic news (4). Liver and alcohol]. PMID- 6678425 TI - Pathological prognostic factors in cancer. PMID- 6678426 TI - Surgical decision making. PMID- 6678424 TI - [Futuristic remarks on the development of the medical education system]. PMID- 6678429 TI - The excitement of change. PMID- 6678427 TI - Preparing for the new revolution in biology. PMID- 6678428 TI - ACLI legislative/regulatory report. PMID- 6678430 TI - The fetus as a patient. PMID- 6678431 TI - Prenatal diagnosis and fetal treatment. PMID- 6678432 TI - Graduates of neonatal intensive care units--long-term prognosis in varying degrees of maturity. PMID- 6678433 TI - Risk factors in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 6678434 TI - Hepatic injury by prescription medication. PMID- 6678435 TI - Alcoholic liver injuries--update. PMID- 6678436 TI - Insuring myocardial infarction survivors: how it all came about. PMID- 6678437 TI - [Double-contrast study of the small intestine using enteroclysis. Considerations on the results in 250 patients]. AB - The value of double contrast small bowel enema via duodenal intubation using barium sulphate and methylcellulose as contrast media was assessed in 250 patients. In cases of small bowel obstruction it represented the first-line investigation after a plain abdominal film. It was performed electively in patients of painful bowel syndrome, in cases of malabsorption, in cases of endoscopically or radiologically diagnosed colitis and in patients with Crohn's disease. On the basis of our results we believe double contrast small bowel enema to be the most reliable investigation in the localization and identification of small bowel lesions. PMID- 6678438 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux and peptic esophagitis in childhood. What is the role of traditional radiology?]. AB - The authors studied 52 patients aged from 1 month to 8 years with symptoms consistent with gastro-esophageal reflux and esophagitis. The employed methods were radiological examination, esophageal manometry, acid reflux test, endoscopy. The gastro-esophageal reflux was diagnosed in 38 children. The authors compare the results of radiological examination to those of the other methods. The analysis of the results led the authors to believe that the association of every methods is necessary to define the diagnostic picture. However, the authors emphasize that the conventional X-rays examination is the first stage that cannot be substituted in the management of children with non acute gastro-esophageal disease. PMID- 6678439 TI - [Radiologic studies in the diagnosis of biliary ileus]. AB - The authors, after a short reference to considerations of general order, report 6 cases of gallstone-ileus. The number of cases, studied with the traditional X-ray procedure (with and without contrast means) are quite various for the occlusion at different levels of the small bowel, and exactly from the duodenal bulb to the Bowin valve, and for the X-ray symptomatology complete and incomplete. At last it must be underlined the high percentage where the stone of the gallbladder was ascertained, and which is to be considered responsible of intestinal occlusion; this ascertainment has been a very precious element to the right diagnosis of the gallstone-ileus. PMID- 6678441 TI - [Current role of sialography]. AB - Computed tomography, ultrasonography and nuclear medicine are morphological techniques widely accepted in clinical practice. They are used together with plain film and sialography in the study of salivary glands pathology. In comparison with these techniques, the efficacy of sialography in different diseases is discussed and the diagnostic value of CT-sialography related to sialography alone is analyzed. PMID- 6678440 TI - [Value of ultrasonics and computerized axial tomography in the staging of renal neoplasms]. AB - Sonographic (US) and computed tomographic (CT) images obtained in 47 patients with renal cancer have been reviewed; attention was paid to detection of neoplastic spread to structures surrounding the tumor, presence of lymph node metastases and of thrombosis of renal vessels and to identification of distant metastases. The results of the revision process were then compared with surgical or autoptic findings. In a relatively high number of patients, a complete examination of the upper abdomen could not be performed by US, due to patient habitus or bowel gas; on the contrary, a diagnostic study could be obtained by CT in virtually all cases. Furthermore, differentiation of stage I and stage II lesions could never be obtained by US; only CT gave this possibility. As regards the sensitivity of the two methods, in patients with stage III or stage IV disease, US showed relatively lower sensitivity in the diagnosis of lymph node metastases, but it was significantly less sensitive in the study of distant metastases. On the contrary, the specificity of the two imaging methods was similar, and US gave better results in the evaluation of renal vein or inferior vena cava thrombosis. PMID- 6678442 TI - [Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations on 139 patients]. AB - Records of 139 patients with pure follicular thyroid carcinoma were reviewed and correlations between survival rate, extent of tumor, surgical and radioiodine therapy were investigated. The survival rate at 10 years was good for younger patients (80% under 40 years of age) and without metastases (90%), but the prognosis was much less favorable for older patients (40% above 40 years of age) and subjects with distant metastases (20%), even if with radioiodine uptake. Diagnostic methods together with surgical and radiometabolic therapy are discussed. Since extensive histologic invasion of the capsule and blood vessels appeared to be associated with an increase in recurrence rate, the authors underline that radioiodine therapy is indicated in all these patients. Moreover they suggest its use also in less invasive follicular carcinoma. PMID- 6678443 TI - [A case of intrapetrosal neurinoma of the facial nerve]. PMID- 6678444 TI - [Giant diverticulum of the right colonic angle with a large fecal mass in a 6 month-old child]. PMID- 6678445 TI - [A case of diastrophic nanism observed in the prenatal period]. PMID- 6678446 TI - [Predictive factors of recurrences in children with epileptic crises treated for 5 years]. PMID- 6678447 TI - [Median cleft face syndrome]. PMID- 6678448 TI - [Wilson's disease]. PMID- 6678449 TI - [Morbidity profile in preschool children attending day care centers]. PMID- 6678450 TI - [Vesico-ureteral reflux and reflux nephropathy]. PMID- 6678452 TI - [Initial management of parents of infants with malformations or genetic disorders detectable at birth]. PMID- 6678451 TI - [Deciding the destination of the prepuce]. PMID- 6678453 TI - [Abstracts of free communications presented at the 5th Congress of Internal Medicine. 26-28 October 1983, Santiago de Chile]. PMID- 6678454 TI - [Electrophysiological evaluation of anti-arrhythmia therapy in patients with recurrent supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 6678455 TI - [Antacid capacity, sodium content and osmolarity of various antacids]. PMID- 6678456 TI - [Feasibility of valvuloplasty in mitral stenosis in subjects over 45]. PMID- 6678457 TI - [Atrial septal defects in adults: early and delayed results of surgical treatment]. PMID- 6678458 TI - [Periodic sleep apnea syndrome]. PMID- 6678459 TI - [Alkaline reflux gastritis]. PMID- 6678460 TI - [Epidemiological description of the medical care of adults in an emergency service]. PMID- 6678461 TI - [Estrogens and cholestasis of pregnancy]. PMID- 6678462 TI - [Mental disease in an ambulatory care clinic]. PMID- 6678463 TI - [Monooctanoin in the treatment of residual common bile duct calculi]. PMID- 6678464 TI - [New microbiological technics]. PMID- 6678465 TI - Aspiration biopsy of the prostate: the urologist's viewpoint. PMID- 6678466 TI - Aspiration biopsy of the prostate: the pathologist's viewpoint. PMID- 6678467 TI - Prostate cancer grading: light and electron microscopy. AB - An attempt has been made to use various morphological patterns as predictors of the pathobiology of clinically active prostate cancer. At the present time, the most predictable and time-tested procedure is that of the Gleason grading and subsequent score results. Even though there may be some deficiencies, it is the best that is currently available to the surgical pathologist and urologist. All other morphological procedures can be additive to the Gleason grading system. PMID- 6678468 TI - Prostate cancer grading: the NPCP system. AB - The use of the NPCP grading system does not contradict the principle that an accurate prediction of tumor volume, presence, and extent of metastases, therapeutic response, and clinical behavior of prostate cancer cannot be entirely based on the grade of the disease at the time of initial diagnosis. The morphology of prostate cancer, like any other cancer, is probably no more than one of a group of parameters that are decisive for the prediction of the biology and clinical course of the disease. Nevertheless, the present data support the premise that the NPCP system of grading prostate cancer, among others, is a very helpful indicator of the extent and behavior of prostate malignancy. Table 6 illustrates the correlation between grades and stages of prostatic carcinoma that can be drawn from the preceding data. PMID- 6678469 TI - Pelvic lymphadenectomy is not essential to staging accuracy in all patients with localized prostate cancer. PMID- 6678470 TI - Pelvic lymphadenectomy is essential to staging accuracy in most patients with stages A-2 and B prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy. PMID- 6678471 TI - Radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. AB - Radical prostatectomy is a proven and successful operation that can be curative for localized prostatic cancer. With advances in staging methods and attention to the grading of prostatic tumors, there is good reason to believe that radical prostatectomy will have and should have an expanded role in the treatment of prostatic cancer. Overconcern with potential complications from this operation is no longer justified. PMID- 6678472 TI - [Computer tomography in neurology: anatomo-tomodensitometric study of 59 cases]. PMID- 6678473 TI - [Organization of nocturnal sleep in 41 hospitalized patients: evaluation of the first night effect]. PMID- 6678475 TI - [Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and painful ophthalmoplegia of the Tolosa-Hunt type]. PMID- 6678474 TI - [Visual field defect and angiographic and tomodensitometric findings: observations in a case of ischemic softening in the territory of the posterior cerebral artery]. PMID- 6678476 TI - [Neurologic complications during Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Description of a case]. PMID- 6678477 TI - [Malignant meningiomas. Anatomo-clinical considerations of 2 cases]. PMID- 6678478 TI - [Reports on mental disorders in Parkinson disease in relation to treatment with L dopa]. PMID- 6678479 TI - [Case of Horton's arteritis with development of simultaneous bilateral amaurosis]. AB - The Authors report a case of temporal arteritis which started with a sudden onset of bilateral amaurosis. They considered this case worth recording, on account of its unusual and striking way of manifestation. Moreover, the importance of an early diagnosis of the disease is underlined, since an adequate steroid therapy, carried out in time, often allows to avoid the serious complications which may arise, particularly blindness. Recent epidemiological studies which showed the elevated incidence of the disease in patients above the age of 50, underline the necessity of considering temporal arteritis as one of the diagnostical possibilities, even if the symptomatology is defective or unclear. PMID- 6678480 TI - [Reversible cerebral ischemia: psychological reactions to the disease]. AB - Two different psychological tests were applied to 40 patients affected by reversible cerebral ischemic attacks in order to evaluate the presence of depression or neurotic symptoms. 40 normal volunteers were used as a control group. While no statistical differences emerged in the mean values of the control tests, significant psychological impairments were observed in the group of patients. Such psychological disturbances were marked in the series with minor neurological deficits. Similar reactions were noted in subjects still employed and in patients submitted to carotid surgery. The authors emphasize the importance of psychological reactions following organic disease for a better therapy in reversible cerebrovascular disorders. PMID- 6678482 TI - [Case of benign familial chorea]. AB - The authors present a family affected by benign chorea. It is a hereditary disease, characterized by dominant autosomic transmission, with incomplete penetrance. Genetic, clinical and evolutional features are reported. The choreic movements rise in the first twenty years of life but psychological deterioration, epilepsy or other neurological symptoms did not emerge. Pharmacological treatments did not help in such non progressive abnormal movements in our subjects. Computerized tomographic scan resulted negative in four subjects, examined in different phases of the disease. This confirms the hypothesis of a functional, rather than structural, lesion in this benign form of familial chorea. PMID- 6678481 TI - [Evaluation of alexithymic traits in bronchial asthma patients. Use of the Schalling Sifneos Personality Scale]. AB - The authors investigate the alexithymia phenomenon and the possibility of quantifying it by administering the Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale on four groups of subjects: asthmatics, psychosomatics other than bronchial asthmatics, patients afflicted with non-psychosomatic chronic illnesses and healthy subjects. The questionnaire permits a quantitative evaluation of the alexithymia phenomenon that appears significantly more evident in asthmatics than in patients afflicted with chronic illnesses and healthy subjects. The patients afflicted with psychosomatic illnesses other than asthma attain higher scores than asthmatic patients. The authors identify certain items on the scale as being particularly associated with the alexithymia phenomenon, enough to be able to construct a partial alexithymia score, indicative in itself of the presence of alexithymia personality traits, even in the absence of particularly high total alexithymia scores. Variations in age and educational level influence scores obtained by healthy subjects and patients afflicted with chronic illnesses, while this does not occur in asthmatics and other psychosomatic patients. This seems to indicate that the higher scores of the latter are not influenced by social or statistical types of factors, but rather by illness-related factors. PMID- 6678483 TI - [Pancreatic polypeptide: its pharmacological and physiological actions]. PMID- 6678484 TI - [Proteins in blastocyst tissue, uterine flushing and endometrium of early pregnancy and its relation to implantation]. PMID- 6678485 TI - [The relationship between selenium and etiology of Keshan disease]. PMID- 6678486 TI - [The nervous system and cardiac arrhythmia]. PMID- 6678487 TI - [Electrophysiological study of an isolated human atrial muscle]. PMID- 6678489 TI - [Methods for detection of calcium in the nervous system]. PMID- 6678488 TI - [Direct hypothalamo-spinal projection and the endocrine integration]. PMID- 6678490 TI - [The role of the caudate nucleus in learning, memory and conditioning activity]. PMID- 6678491 TI - [Physiological and pathological research in microcirculation in hyperbaric medicine]. PMID- 6678492 TI - [Effects of hyperlipidemia on platelet function]. PMID- 6678493 TI - [Effects of morphine and endorphins on ingestive behavior]. PMID- 6678494 TI - [A simple method for preparation of long strips from small blood vessels]. PMID- 6678495 TI - Principia of cancer therapy. II. Treatment of undermining ulcers complicating radiotherapy of malignancy: role of correction of hypozincemia. PMID- 6678496 TI - Establishment of transplantable ascites hepatomas induced in ACI/N rats by N diethylnitrosamine. PMID- 6678497 TI - Effect of NaCl diet on jejunal carcinogenesis in mice given N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine orally. PMID- 6678498 TI - Principia of cancer therapy. IV. Induction of hemoconcentration for phlebotomy in polycythemia vera. PMID- 6678499 TI - Principia of cancer therapy. V. Clinical and histopathological criteria for cancer redifferentiation. PMID- 6678504 TI - Comparison of organ blood volumes during various shocks. PMID- 6678502 TI - Clinical evaluation of anticancer alkylating agent, carboquone (NSG-134679). PMID- 6678501 TI - Changes in electrophoretic behavior of embryonic rat neural cells during telencephalon histogenesis. PMID- 6678503 TI - Enhancement of human alveolar macrophage Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis by lymphokines from mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. PMID- 6678500 TI - Effect of erythorbate on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced stomach carcinogenesis in F344 rats. PMID- 6678505 TI - A case of diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia of the colon associated with cyclic neutropenia. PMID- 6678507 TI - [Basic patterns of the epidemic process of mumps]. PMID- 6678508 TI - [Patterns of change in the immunity of those inoculated with an inactivated chromatographic influenza vaccine on an annual basis]. PMID- 6678506 TI - Age-dependent alterations in the formation of cyclic nucleotides caused by various agents in guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle. PMID- 6678509 TI - [Zooanthroponoses and anthroponoses in the comparative ecological and epidemiological light]. PMID- 6678510 TI - [Epidemiological bases for eliminating infectious diseases in extensive territories]. PMID- 6678511 TI - [Further improvement in the classification of infectious diseases]. PMID- 6678512 TI - [Infections of mixed etiology--chance or ecological regularity?]. PMID- 6678513 TI - [Opportunistic microbes and their role in infectious pathology]. PMID- 6678514 TI - [Current problems in the epidemiology of hospital infections]. PMID- 6678515 TI - [Characteristics of the epidemiology and prevention of hospital infections]. PMID- 6678516 TI - [Experimental research in the study of the epidemic process]. PMID- 6678517 TI - [Current stage in the development of the geographical epidemiology of intestinal infections]. PMID- 6678518 TI - Management of thoracic empyema in childhood. PMID- 6678519 TI - The Denver Developmental Screening Test: normative data for Ankara children. PMID- 6678520 TI - A goitrous neonate of a hypothyroidal family living in northern Turkey where this condition is endemic. PMID- 6678521 TI - Phenytoin-induced rickets in a ten-year-old girl with hypothyroidism. PMID- 6678523 TI - Photoelectron microscopy and photoelectron quantum yields of the fluorescent dyes fluorescein and rhodamine. AB - Photoelectric properties of the dyes fluorescein and rhodamine were determined with the aim of assessing the usefulness of these compounds as labels in photoelectron microscopy. The photoelectron quantum yields were measured over the wavelength range 180-230 nm. At 230 nm the quantum yields for fluorescein disodium salt, rhodamine B free base and rhodamine B HCl salt are approximately 10(-5) electrons per incident photon. At 180 nm these values rise to approximately 10(-3) electrons per incident photon. All forms of fluorescein do not have the same quantum yield. The neutral form of fluorescein has a quantum yield an order of magnitude lower than the disodium salt. Beam current measurements were performed on labeled and unlabeled proteins to determine the effect of the high light intensity employed in the photoelectron microscope. The initial beam current measurements and the quantum yield curves are consistent and demonstrate that there is significant contrast between labeled and unlabeled proteins. However, after several minutes in the photoelectron microscope, the proteins become more photoemissive and the contrast diminishes. This change in contrast explains several puzzling observations in the literature. PMID- 6678524 TI - An evaluation of the cryosectioning of fixed and cryoprotected rat liver. AB - The influence of temperature and speed on cryosectioning was studied by replication of the surfaces of both the sections and the specimen blocks. At 90 mm/s and at temperatures lower than -70 degrees C, specimen block surfaces displayed fracture images similar to those encountered with standard freeze fracturing procedures; but at a speed of 0.1 mm/s, fracture images were found only at temperatures lower than -120 degrees C. Replicas of both sides of cryosections never displayed fracture images. The discrepancy between the surface structure of cryosections and specimen blocks is discussed from the aspect of the preservation of ultrastructure of cells. PMID- 6678522 TI - Histiocytic cell phagocytosis and pancytopenia in a child with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6678525 TI - A structural basis for the carious dissolution of the apatite crystals of human tooth enamel. PMID- 6678527 TI - [Humanitarian organizations and internal conflicts]. PMID- 6678526 TI - [Informatics and the transformation of the medical profession and medical ethics]. PMID- 6678528 TI - [The fundamental human right to health protection]. PMID- 6678529 TI - [Characteristics of reverse tolerance to ambulation-increasing effect of methylphenidate after repeated administration in mice]. AB - Effects of repeated administration of methylphenidate (MPD) 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/kg, sc on ambulatory activity in adult male mice of old strain were studied. The ambulatory activity of each mouse was measured by a tilting-type activity cage for 90-150 min after the drug administration. The repeated administration of MPD 2 and 4 mg/kg at intervals of 3-4 days, and 4 mg/kg at intervals of 7 days produced an augmentation in the sensitivity of the mice, i.e., a reverse tolerance, to the ambulation-increasing effect of the drug. However, the repeated administration of MPD 4 mg/kg at intervals of 1 day, and 8 and 16 mg/kg at intervals of 3-4 days did not produce the reverse tolerance to it. The mice repeatedly given 16 mg/kg at intervals of 3-4 days exhibited an augmentation in stereotyped behaviors. The reverse tolerance, once produced, was well maintained 45 days after cessation of the repeated administration. Only a little reverse tolerance to MPD was produced in the mice repeatedly given the drug in their home cage, in which the mice were group-housed, and the extent was significantly less than that observed in the mice given the drug in the activity cage. In addition, the mice showing the reverse tolerance to MPD demonstrated an increase in sensitivity to methamphetamine as compared with the saline-given control mice. The present results suggest that the characteristics of reverse tolerance to the ambulation-increasing effect of MPD is almost identical with that after methamphetamine. PMID- 6678530 TI - Differences in cholinergic agonist- and cholinergic antagonist-induced changes in avoidance responses between dd mice and Wistar rats. AB - Effects of pilocarpine (PILO), physostigmine (PHYSO), atropine (AT) and scopolamine (SCOP) on continuous (response-shock interval = 30 sec and shock shock interval = 5 sec) and discrete (intertrial interval = 25 sec and warning duration = 5 sec) lever-press avoidance responses in dd strain mice and Wistar strain rats were investigated. PILO and PHYSO suppressed continuous and discrete avoidance responses in both the mice and rats. However, the mice tended to show more sensitivity than the rats to the avoidance-suppressing effect of PILO and PHYSO. AT and SCOP suppressed the avoidance responses in the mice, but facilitated them in the rats. These results suggest that the neural activities of the central muscarinic-cholinergic systems are different between dd mice and Wistar rats. PMID- 6678532 TI - [Annual changes in hemoglobin levels in a random sampling of women]. PMID- 6678531 TI - [Effect of thrombin on platelet proteins of swine]. PMID- 6678533 TI - [Factors related to changes in hemoglobin levels in women over 1-year period]. PMID- 6678534 TI - Co-consciousness: a common denominator in hypnosis, multiple personality, and normalcy. PMID- 6678535 TI - Psychophysiologic phenomena in multiple personality and hypnosis. PMID- 6678537 TI - Unfolding patterns of the multiple personality through hypnosis. PMID- 6678536 TI - Hypnosis for multiple personality disorder: a framework for beginning. PMID- 6678538 TI - Hypnotherapeutic crisis intervention in multiple personality. PMID- 6678539 TI - Neurophysiologic changes in multiple personality due to integration: a preliminary report. PMID- 6678540 TI - The psychobiological functions of dissociation. PMID- 6678541 TI - Highly selective vagotomy. A closer look at the technique. AB - It is becoming apparent that the results (and especially recurrence rates) with highly selective vagotomy (HSV) vary considerably. Furthermore, the techniques utilized vary considerably as well. Interestingly, most series with higher recurrence rates have shown these trends relatively early on. The author presents a more detailed look at a technique of HSV associated with one of the lowest recurrence rates over a long follow-up period. PMID- 6678542 TI - Mediastinal parathyroid adenomas. A cause of persistent hyperparathyroidism. AB - Unrecognized mediastinal parathyroid adenomas that are inaccessible via a standard cervical exploration are an important cause of persistent primary hyperparathyroidism. Of 26 patients evaluated at UCLA Medical Center for persistent primary hyperparathyroidism, six required sternotomy (5) or thoracotomy (1) for cure of their disease. Analysis of these six patients suggests that aberrant embryologic development is the most logical explanation for the ectopic location of these mediastinal adenomas. In most instances, preoperative localization of the adenoma is possible. Permanent hypoparathyroidism occurs in a significant percentage of patients undergoing reoperative parathyroid surgery. Efforts to minimize postoperative morbidity should include a careful and systematic approach to the preoperative and intraoperative management of patients with mediastinal adenomas, as well as consideration of autotransplantation or cryopreservation of parathyroid tissue. PMID- 6678544 TI - The value of instant nutritional assessment in predicting postoperative complications and death in gastrointestinal surgical patients. AB - A retrospective statistical analysis of admission serum albumin and total lymphocyte counts (TLC) of 126 gastrointestinal surgical patients was accomplished to determine the value of these two parameters in predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality. Patients were classified into four groups according to their laboratory values in the two parameters studied with Group I having the normal values (albumin greater than 3.5 and TLC greater than 1500) and Groups II through IV having one or both abnormal parameters. Groups were subjected to the chi-square test to determine the relationship of abnormal values to the incidence of postoperative complications and deaths. Levels of statistical significance were revealed when comparing the normal group to each of the abnormal groups. The data demonstrates the usefulness of admission serum albumin levels and total lymphocyte counts in predicting surgical complications and deaths. It also identifies that group of patients that might benefit from preoperative nutritional support. PMID- 6678543 TI - A prospective randomized study of drained and undrained cholecystectomies. AB - One hundred twenty-three patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy at USAF Medical Center Keesler were studied in a prospective randomized manner to determine the differences in morbidity and mortality following drained and undrained cholecystectomies. The groups were compared for differences in mortality, wound infection, postoperative fever, and length of hospitalization. One death occurred due to an unrelated cause in an undrained patient. Three per cent of the undrained group developed wound infections as compared to five per cent in the drained group. This was not statistically significant. A significant difference occurred in postoperative fever between the drained (58%) and undrained (30%) groups. Postoperative hospitalization was also significantly shorter in the undrained group. This study suggests that drainage following elective cholecystectomy is not only unnecessary, but may add to postoperative morbidity and length of hospitalization. PMID- 6678545 TI - Improved triple lumen all purpose drains and their care and management. AB - A triple lumen all purpose drain has become well established over the past decade as an all purpose drain. It permits either overflow or suction (closed or sump) drainage, aspiration for the taking of cultures or analysis of fluid, irrigation either continuous or intermittent, and the instillation of medications. Further improvements have been made in the drain in the quest for the ideal surgical drain. It is now made of silicone, has a radiopaque stripe, a suture sleeve, a triple lumen molded connector with a drainage tube, irrigation port, bacterial filter, and stoppers. The advantages of these additions are presented. In addition, the drain is being made in two sizes; the smaller one is indicated in pediatric, breast, plastic, head and neck, and other procedures. The care and management of these drains is discussed. PMID- 6678547 TI - Comparison of the pneumooculoplethysmography (GEE) and the digitalized pulse timing oculoplethysmography (ZIRA). AB - Comparative study of the pneumooculoplethysmography (OPG/Gee) and the digitalized pulse timing OPG (Zira) was conducted by analysis of 100 patients who had both OPG/Gee and Zira and carotid arteriograms. Both units were valuable in diagnosis of normal carotid arteries, 94 per cent for Gee and 89 per cent for Zira. The Gee unit was more valuable in the diagnosis of unilateral significant carotid stenosis, 90.3 per cent versus 75 per cent for the Zira machine. The Gee unit was also very valuable in detecting bilateral carotid stenosis, 90.4 per cent but the Zira unit was limited in this group; i.e., 60 per cent only. The overall accuracy of the OPG/Gee was superior to the OPG/Zira, 92 per cent versus 80 per cent. PMID- 6678548 TI - Diagnosis of breast lesions by fine needle aspiration biopsy. AB - The authors performed 480 fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of breast masses for cytologic diagnosis in 464 patients. Parallel surgical biopsy with histologic examination was carried out in 163 patients; the results were identical in 161. Two hundred eight of 297 benign lesions and 83 of 96 malignant tumors were diagnosed positively by FNAB. In 87 instances FNAB was not diagnostic but excluded malignancy, while in 87 others, the cytologic specimen was inadequate for diagnosis. There was one false-positive and one false-negative result. There were virtually no complications. FNAB of breast masses is a simple and reliable method, easy to carry out in ambulatory patients. PMID- 6678546 TI - The adult ductus. Surgical results and long-term follow-up. AB - Surgical treatment for the adult patent ductus can be a safe procedure if adequate aortic control is obtained. Long-term results are satisfactory, except for patients with pulmonary hypertension, of whom only 50 per cent obtain a good result. We believe operative treatment is indicated in the asymptomatic adult patient with patent ductus arteriosus, because one cannot predict which patients will develop pulmonary hypertension. In our group pulmonary hypertension developed in patients whose average age was the same as those who were asymptomatic. Those patients who are New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III usually have pulmonary hypertension, large ductus, and calcification, all of which could cause operative complications. Therefore, it is relatively easy to predict by symptoms alone which patients have the highest operative risk. PMID- 6678549 TI - Compartment syndromes. Early diagnosis and a bedside operation. AB - Delays in diagnosis and treatment of compartment syndromes of the lower extremities result in significant morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of the anatomy of the lower leg compartments provides clues to earlier diagnosis as to the specific compartments involved in these syndromes. A simple physical examination is described that focuses on this. Furthermore, a simple "bedside" operation is described that provides excellent decompression of all of these compartments without fibulectomy. PMID- 6678550 TI - Epidemic of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Kaposi's sarcoma. First workshop of the European Study Group on AIDS/KS, Naples, June 25, 1983. PMID- 6678551 TI - Does quinine facilitate AIDS? PMID- 6678552 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma and acquired immune deficiency syndrome--the British experience. PMID- 6678553 TI - Histopathological studies of lymphadenopathy in AIDS: tentative classification. Preliminary report. PMID- 6678554 TI - Uterine cervix cancer. II. Vitamin A and sialic acid determination in the vaginal secretion. PMID- 6678555 TI - Treatment of portal hypertension with nadolol in patients with liver cirrhosis. PMID- 6678560 TI - Effects of duodenal pH levels on secretin-secretion in the fasting phase of dogs. PMID- 6678556 TI - Changes in gonadotropins (LH, FSH), prolactin, androgens (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone) and estrogens (estradiol and estrone) during male pubescence. PMID- 6678558 TI - Hormones in amniotic fluid and their relation with the respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6678557 TI - Multilayering of basal lamina in parathyroid chief cell hyperplasia. PMID- 6678561 TI - Microbubble embolism as a cause of computed tomographic changes of the brain after cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6678562 TI - Histological study of rabbit marrow fibroblasts after long-term culture in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6678559 TI - Effect of a semipurified product obtained from Opuntia streptacantha L. (a cactus) on glycemia and triglyceridemia of rabbit. PMID- 6678563 TI - [Role of epidural pulse waveform during experimental intracranial hypertension and its clinical implication]. PMID- 6678564 TI - [Clinical cardiovascular experiences with iopamidol: a new non-ionic contrast medium]. PMID- 6678566 TI - Treatment of co-existing thoracic and abdominal aneurysms using the flow reversal and thromboexclusion method: case report. PMID- 6678565 TI - An anomalous anastomotic artery between the internal carotid and anterior cerebral arteries. PMID- 6678567 TI - [A case of Rathke's cleft cyst]. PMID- 6678570 TI - Clinical and laboratory study of major and minor poststreptococcal syndromes. PMID- 6678568 TI - Attempts for determining the infecting serogroup by means of agglutinin absorption from the leptospirosis patients' sera. PMID- 6678569 TI - Possible sources of Salmonella infection in poultry. PMID- 6678571 TI - ELISA in the Q fever diagnosis. PMID- 6678574 TI - Use of capillary blood specimens for testing measles HI antibody. PMID- 6678573 TI - Incompatibility properties of a cointegrate plasmid in Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6678572 TI - Prophylaxis of experimental tetanus with erythromycin. PMID- 6678575 TI - Mycobacterial delayed type sensitivity after BCG multiple site vaccination of guinea pigs. PMID- 6678576 TI - The diagnostic value of myoglobin in the acute myocardial infarction in comparison with GOT and CPK-MB. PMID- 6678577 TI - Laboratory and field investigations on insecticide susceptibility of the anophelines in the previously endemic areas of malaria in the Danube Plain and Dobrudja. PMID- 6678578 TI - Suppression of fibroblast proliferation in vitro and of myointimal hyperplasia in vivo by the triazolopyrimidine, Trapidil. AB - Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) is a mitogen capable of stimulating the proliferation of both vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and fibroblasts in tissue culture. Recently, it was reported that this in vitro stimulatory effect is significantly reduced by Trapidil, a triazolopyrimidine. We confirm this, and also that similar inhibition occurs in vivo, in balloon catheter deendothelialized aorta of male, Sprague-Dawley rats treated with Trapidil. Two groups of rats, of 8 animals each, were treated daily with oral doses of either 45 mg or 90 mg Trapidil. A third group of 9 control animals were treated identically, but received only the diluent used to dissolve the drug. ADP or collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and endothelial cell regrowth were unaffected by Trapidil administration, but the degree of myointimal hyperplasia was significantly reduced in all animals receiving the drug. Thus, Trapidil seems to possess the selective ability to alter the SMC proliferative response which normally follows deendothelialization. PMID- 6678579 TI - Effect of exercise and guanethidine on plasma cholesterol and aortic atherosclerosis of atherogenic-fed cockerels. AB - The effects of exercise (EX) and guanethidine (G) or its combination on plasma cholesterol and incidence and severity of aortic atherosclerosis of atherogenic fed (AD) cockerels were studied. Eighty-five 16-week-old Hyline cockerels were subdivided as follows: I. Plain mash (PM); II. PM + EX; III. PM + G; IV. PM + EX + G; V. AD only; VI. AD + EX; VII. AD + G; and VIII. AD + EX + G. Birds ran approximately 500 yards for 20 minutes twice daily for twelve consecutive weeks. G (2.5 mg) was administered per os daily. The atherogenic diet consisted of 2% cholesterol + 5% cottonseed oil added to mash. At the end of 12 weeks the following results were obtained: 1) EX or G or its combination had no effect on plasma cholesterol of birds on PM. All AD-fed groups showed marked hypercholesterolemia as compared to their initial values. The AD + EX group had significantly lower plasma cholesterol level when compared to AD controls or AD + G group; 2) no gross aortic atherosclerosis was observed in cockerels on PM. The group on AD only had the most severe gross aortic atherosclerosis while the AD birds treated with G or EX + G had slightly lower aortic atheromatosis. This was in contrast to AD + EX group which showed a significant decrease in aortic atherogenesis. These results indicate that EX reduces plasma cholesterol and aortic atherosclerosis of AD birds while these effects of EX were negated by G. PMID- 6678580 TI - Cigarette smoke and carbon monoxide do not have equivalent effects upon development of arteriosclerotic lesions. AB - Experiments were performed to test whether exposure to mainstream cigarette smoke, without any diet modification, was sufficient to exacerbate arteriosclerotic lesion development in cockerels. Additionally, the experiments were designed to test whether any such effect could be attributed solely to carbon monoxide (CO) in the smoke. Three groups of cockerels (7/group) were exposed 5 days/week in standard inhalation chambers. Each day, one group (smoke) was exposed to smoke produced from the combustion of two packs of cigarettes. A second group (CO) was exposed to CO at levels equivalent to those produced during the combustion of two packs of cigarettes. A third group was sham-exposed. Following sacrifice, the abdominal aorta of each animal was cut into 5 mm segments and the extent of arteriosclerotic lesion development was measured. In smoke animals, compared to those in either of the other two groups, there were more aortic segments with measurable lesions present and the cross-sectional areas of these segments were greater. On a comparative basis, the smoke lesions were three times larger than in either of the other two groups, despite the fact that blood carboxyhemoglobin levels were the same in CO and smoke animals. The location of the lesions and their histological appearance were very similar to those previously described for spontaneous and carcinogen-associated lesions in the cockerel. These results demonstrate that as little as four months of daily exposure to cigarette smoke, in the absence of a cholesterol supplemented diet, can help accelerate arteriosclerotic lesion development. Further, this accelerated development cannot be attributed solely to CO in the smoke. PMID- 6678581 TI - The effect of low density lipoprotein on in vitro porcine endothelial cell reendothelialization. AB - We have studied the effect of low density lipoproteins (LDL) on the ability of porcine thoracic aortic endothelial cells (EC's) to reendothelialize an in vitro experimental wound made in a confluent monolayer culture. Our results show that normolipidemic LDL enhances EC regeneration primarily by acting as a mitogenic agent on the cells in the migrating sheet of cells covering the denuded wound area. There was no evidence of LDL induced cytotoxicity in our study. PMID- 6678583 TI - [Labile and borderline arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6678582 TI - Comparison of clofibrate and ethyl-5-(p-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-3 methylpentanoate induced changes in serum lipoprotein cholesterol and hepatic peroxisome proliferation in the normal rat. AB - Clofibrate and ethyl-5(p-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoate (HMP), at 0.1 and 0.25% in the diet, were evaluated in normal rats. Effects on serum lipoprotein cholesterol, liver cholesterol and peroxisome proliferation changes were compared. Both doses of HMP significantly lowered high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (mean 22% and 18%). The distribution of cholesterol in the lipoproteins was altered (p less than 0.05) and liver weights were increased 18% by the 0.25 dose of HMP. Clofibrate treatment increased (p less than 0.01) the combination of very low and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL + LDL-C) by 42% at the 0.1% dose and lowered HDL-C by 28% at the 0.25% dose; total-C was not changed from control values. Both levels of clofibrate shifted the distribution of lipoprotein cholesterol, increased liver weights (mean 69%) and reduced liver cholesterol (mean 33%). Image analysis of peroxisome changes showed that both doses of HMP and clofibrate increased peroxisome numbers (mean 71% vs 218%), with activity of HMP significantly lower than clofibrate. Measurement of carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) activity (nmCoASH released/mg protein/minute) showed no significant increases in liver samples from HMP-treated rats, while clofibrate induced large increases in CAT activity, which were significant compared to control and HMP values. While having chemical structural similarity to clofibrate, HMP appears to cause comparable hypocholesterolemic activity without comparable levels of hepatomegaly and peroxisome proliferation. PMID- 6678584 TI - Antiplatelet drugs and thrombosis prevention: ticlopidine in perspective. PMID- 6678585 TI - [Course of acute myocardial infarction in patients with a significant lesion only in the anterior descending artery]. PMID- 6678586 TI - [Natural history of 3d degree atrioventricular block in chronic Chagas' cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6678587 TI - [Technical alternatives for classical external cardiac massage]. PMID- 6678588 TI - [MB creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes for the diagnosis of diphtheritic myocarditis]. PMID- 6678589 TI - [Simultaneous surgical treatment of aortic coarctation and coronary insufficiency. Report of a case]. PMID- 6678590 TI - An ultrastructural comparison of diet-induced atherosclerosis of arteries supplying the central nervous system in cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys. AB - The carotid lesions of cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys fed an 8- to 12-months atherogenic diet are very severe. However, the basilar, vertebral and middle cerebral arteries of the same atherosclerotic monkeys look instead, at SEM examination, similar to the control ones. At TEM examination, these arteries of the atherosclerotic monkeys show only minimal lesions in the subendothelial space ('edema' and presence of fragments of basilar membrane) and sometimes necrobiosis of endothelial cells. The smooth muscle cells, which are also present in the controls in these arteries in the subendothelial space, are sometimes surrounded by a nest of basement membrane beads and do not contain lipid droplets. PMID- 6678591 TI - Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. A case report with histochemical and ultrastructural features. AB - The case of an extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma in a 65-year-old male, localized in the lower right thigh, is presented. The histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural features of this rare tumour are described and compared with those of the pertinent literature. The value of histochemical methods as an aid in differentiating this tumour from other malignant myxoid tumours of soft tissue is emphasized. PMID- 6678593 TI - Histometric analysis of sheathed capillaries in congestive splenomegaly. AB - The structural rearrangement of human sheathed capillaries in congestive splenomegaly with hypersplenism has been evaluated by histometric analysis. In abnormal spleens the external diameter and the wall thickness were decreased, while the internal diameter was increased. Moreover, the total length and the absolute number of sheathed capillaries were increased, though not to the same high degree as the volume of the whole red pulp. Thus, in addition to the well known changes of the sinuses, also the terminal arterial passages appear to participate in the morphological rearrangement of the red pulp in congestive splenomegaly. PMID- 6678592 TI - Increased monocyte phagocytosis and decreased lymphocyte mitogen reactivity in colorectal cancer patients. AB - In the present study we have evaluated monocyte phagocytosis and T lymphocyte in vitro reactivity to mitogens in peripheral blood samples from 14 colorectal cancer patients, from 21 nonneoplastic control patients, and from 22 normal donors. Monocyte and lymphocyte functions were tested before and 1 and 6 months after surgery. Our results indicate the existence of increased monocyte phagocytosis and decreased mitogen reactivity in untreated patients with advanced tumors. These abnormal responses persisted and were even more pronounced after surgery and chemotherapy. PMID- 6678594 TI - Early (stage A) prostatic cancer. V. Stereotopography. AB - In 67 prostates, collected at autopsy, besides length, the following measures were taken or calculated (Leitz, ASM): width, thickness (antero-posterior axis) and correlative half-diameters, mean area and ratio area/perimeter. When prostatic microcarcinoma was present, the angle to the antero-posterior axis and the mean percent distance from the urethral barycentre were calculated; over 74% of all cancer foci were in the lateral sextants between iso-distances 50-90. PMID- 6678595 TI - Myxoid degeneration with prolapse and dystrophic calcification of the annulus fibrosus of the mitral valve. Pathological and clinical survey. AB - Two degenerations of the mitral valve apparatus, namely myxoid degeneration of the mitral cusps and necrosis with subsequent calcification of the annulus fibrosus, are extensively reviewed and discussed. Both lesions are mainly noticed in elderly patients, with the possible exception of systemic dystrophies of the connective tissue associated with metabolic disorders. The clinicopathological correlations of several cases are reported, with special emphasis on modern diagnostic procedures and their wide anatomic spectrum. PMID- 6678598 TI - [Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the German Society for Biomedical Technology, 5-6 May 1983, Erlangen. Abstracts]. PMID- 6678597 TI - Non-Ebstein concomitant dysplasia of tricuspid and mitral valves in newborns. AB - This paper describes 2 cases of tricuspid valvular dysplasia (TVD) associated with aortic stenosis and mitral incompetence in newborns. Mitral regurgitation was due to dysplasia, which resembles its tricuspid counterpart and should be termed 'mitral valve dysplasia'. This association of tricuspid and mitral valve dysplasia has been reported only once before. The concomitance of mitral and tricuspid incompetence is noteworthy, since mitral regurgitation can produce left heart failure and mask tricuspid valve disease. PMID- 6678599 TI - [The artificial endocrine pancreas and insulin pumps: past, present and future]. PMID- 6678596 TI - Optical determination of coated and uncoated mineral fibers in lungs of subjects without professional exposure. AB - Coated and uncoated mineral fibers, more than 10 micron long, were counted by light microscopy in digested lung samples from 82 adult subjects without professional exposure. Up to about 150 coated and 12,500 uncoated fibers/g dry weight were found, without any correlation to sex, occupation and smoking habit. An association between counts of more than 1,000 fibers and ages over 50 was observed. The ratio of uncoated to coated fibers was very inconstant. Only the counts of both coated and uncoated fibers seem advisable for an optical evaluation of the possibly pathological mineral fiber burden in the lungs of unexposed persons. PMID- 6678601 TI - Premenstrual levels of 17 beta oestradiol and progesterone in plasma in cycles of short and normal luteal phase length. AB - Premenstrual levels of 17 beta oestradiol and progesterone in plasma were compared between cycles of short or normal luteal phase length. Levels of progesterone and 17 beta oestradiol were higher premenstrually in cycles with short luteal phase lengths (11 or less days) that in cycles of normal luteal phase length (12 or more days). These findings suggest that reduction in the length of the luteal phase may arise because of a changed response of endometrium to withdrawal of 17 beta oestradiol and progesterone. PMID- 6678600 TI - Natural history of patients with hyperprolactinaemia. AB - One hundred and nineteen women with sustained hyperprolactinaemia were followed for a mean duration of 5.5 years. Where pregnancy was desired, treatment with bromocriptine (+/- clomiphene) was effective in 86% of subjects. Following cessation of bromocriptine therapy one third of subjects whose initial serum prolactin (PRL) level was less than 4 times normal had a 'spontaneous' resolution of their hyperprolactinaemia and resumed cyclical menstrual activity and fertility. Subjects with higher PRL levels or those not treated with bromocriptine, did not show this beneficial effect. Pituitary or hypothalamic tumours were identified in 11% of subjects at the time of presentation and developed in a further 15.1% during follow-up. Most of these tumours were small, occurred more commonly when the PRL level was greater than 4 times normal, and were less likely to develop when treatment with bromocriptine had been administered. Bromocriptine therapy can thus be justified in hyperprolactinaemic subjects to reduce troublesome galactorrhoea, achieve pregnancy, improve the chance of a 'spontaneous' return of menstruation and fertility, control or reduce tumour growth where a pituitary tumour has been identified, and reduce the risk of tumour development in patients with normal plain X-rays of the pituitary fossa at the time of presentation. PMID- 6678602 TI - Selection of high fertility donors for artificial insemination programmes. AB - One hundred and seventy-seven semen donors were used in an artificial insemination service using frozen semen over a 4 year period. Although the donors were selected for good semen quality, pregnancy rates varied markedly from less than five to greater than 20 pregnancies per 100 treatment cycles. When the characteristics of the 25 most fertile and 25 least fertile donors were compared, only sperm morphology was significantly different. Sperm concentration and motility before and after thawing of semen were similar in the two groups as were the proportions of adverse prognostic factors in the recipients. It is concluded that using more stringent criteria for selection of donors on the basis of sperm morphology and discarding donors who do not produce pregnancies within 12 cycles should improve overall pregnancy rates. PMID- 6678603 TI - Effects of surgical lubricants on semen analysis. AB - The effects of a number of commercially available surgical lubricants on the motility of spermatozoa with time, have been examined with the aim of recommending a non-toxic, water soluble aid which was not visibly detrimental to spermatozoa following collection of semen for routine analysis. The results have shown that motility is impaired at concentrations above 5%, but that below this level of contamination, spermatozoal motility, and progression, as objectively determined by multiple exposure photography, was unaffected. For various practical reasons, and because it is well known, K-Y Jelly, packaged as a single sachet, is probably the lubricant of choice. PMID- 6678604 TI - Do copper containing intrauterine contraceptive devices need to be changed after 2 years? AB - A review of the prolonged use of copper containing intrauterine contraceptive devices is presented. Because of the disadvantage of changeover, the biochemical evidence, and the findings of long-term studies, a more conservative approach of changeover after every 3 or may be even 4 years is advocated. PMID- 6678605 TI - Use of imported cryopreserved hamster oocytes in the diagnosis of male infertility. AB - Frozen hamster oocytes have been imported from England to Australia to establish a test for human sperm fertilizing capacity based on penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes. When examined under similar conditions used for human in vitro fertilization (IVF), high and consistent rates of penetration by human spermatozoa were obtained which were similar whether the spermatozoa had been stored frozen or freshly collected. The availability of a validated test of the capacity of human spermatozoa to fuse with a receptive vitelline membrane should prove useful in combination with other clinical parameters in the evaluation of male infertility. PMID- 6678606 TI - Outcome of AID in initial and subsequent courses of treatment. AB - The life table pregnancy rates for 801 courses of artificial insemination by donor semen were compared between the first treatment and subsequent treatments. The pregnancy rate was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher for subsequent courses of treatment. PMID- 6678607 TI - Stem cell is a stem cell is a stem cell. PMID- 6678608 TI - Construction of a retrovirus packaging mutant and its use to produce helper-free defective retrovirus. AB - A mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV), pMOV-psi-, was constructed by deletion of about 350 nucleotides from an infectious proviral DNA clone between the putative env mRNA 5' splice site and the AUG that initiates the coding sequence for Pr65gag. Although the parent wild-type proviral clone, pMOV-psi+, quickly causes a high level of reverse-transcriptase-containing virus particles to be released from transfected NIH/3T3 cells, transfection of pMOV-psi- into these cells initially results in very little release. By 9 to 10 days after transfection, however, pMOV-psi- -transfected cells produce infectious virus. Thus pMOV-psi- has a defect that can be repaired in transfected NIH/3T3 cells, presumably by recombination with a sequence normally present in the cells. Cell lines with pMOV-psi- stably integrated into chromosomal DNA produce reverse transcriptase-containing particles that lack detectable M-MuLV RNA but the cells efficiently complement replication-defective, packagable retroviruses. Thus pMOV psi- has a defect in the packaging of genomic RNA into virions but can provide in trans the products necessary for virion production. The deletion in pMOV-psi- appears to define a site required in cis for packaging of MuLV RNA into virions. Cell lines carrying pMOV-psi- can be used to produce helper-free stocks of natural or synthetic defective retroviruses. PMID- 6678609 TI - Identification and visualization of the sexual agglutinin from the mating-type plus flagellar membrane of Chlamydomonas. AB - Sexual agglutinins located on the flagellar membranes of Chlamydomonas gametes mediate a mating-type-specific adhesion reaction that brings complementary gametes together for zygotic cell fusion. We identify the mating-type plus agglutinin, using a combination of biochemical and genetic analysis, as a glycopolypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of greater than 10(6) by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its core polypeptide migrates as a approximately 480-kd species, and it is estimated to be present in approximately 30 copies per gametic flagellum. The agglutinin is present in the wild type, in a mutant that agglutinates but cannot fuse, and in a complementing diploid, whereas it is absent from four nonagglutinating mutants and from a noncomplementing diploid. Electron microscopy shows the purified agglutinin to be a highly asymmetric molecule, 220 X 4 nm. To our knowledge, this is the first reported purification and visualization of a membrane-associated cell-cell recognition protein. PMID- 6678610 TI - Regulation of fibronectin biosynthesis by glucocorticoids in human fibrosarcoma cells and normal fibroblasts. AB - When treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone, HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells show changes in morphology, adhesion, and the extracellular matrix. Dexamethasone treatment results in a tenfold increase in the rate of fibronectin biosynthesis in HT1080 cells and a twofold increase in untransformed, normal human fibroblasts. Maximal induction levels are attained within one cell generation, while decay of the response requires several cell cycles. Pulse-chase studies showed that most of the newly synthesized fibronectin is secreted into the medium. The glucocorticoid antagonist, RU-486, blocks the dexamethasone induced changes but does not alter the basal rate of fibronectin production. Therefore, fibronectin biosynthesis appears to be controlled by two distinct mechanisms--one, regulating basal rates of fibronectin production, which is transformation-sensitive and glucocorticoid-independent; and another, which is mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor, resulting in elevated rates of fibronectin biosynthesis upon dexamethasone treatment both in normal fibroblasts and in HT1080 cells. PMID- 6678611 TI - Differences in the DNA of the inactive X chromosomes of fetal and extraembryonic tissues of mice. AB - We have examined the role of DNA modification in X chromosome inactivation of fetal tissues of the mouse using DNA-mediated gene transfer for the gene hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). Two types of tissues have been examined with respect to randomness of inactivation in 14-day mouse conceptuses: 1) fetal tissue, which undergoes random inactivation of either the maternal or paternal X; and 2) yolk sac endoderm tissue, an extraembryonic membrane, which normally undergoes nonrandom inactivation of the paternal X. Exploiting an electrophoretic variant of HPRT as a means to mark the active and inactive HPRT alleles we provide evidence that: 1) inactive X DNA of the fetus at 14 days behaves like that of both adult tissue and cell lines in that the inactive X DNA is not efficient in gene transfer; and 2) in contrast, inactive X DNA from yolk sac endoderm is functional in gene transfer. Thus, despite the similarity in single active X chromosome expression in yolk sac endoderm and somatic tissues, there appears to be a difference at the level of DNA modification between these two tissues. PMID- 6678612 TI - A structure for amplified DNA. AB - We have employed gene transfer to generate cell lines in which a chromosomal region consisting solely of defined DNA sequences has undergone gene amplification. We have analyzed recombinant clones from the amplified array to determine the physical structure of amplified DNA in the cell lines. The amplified DNA we have analyzed consists of a tandem array of at least 20 individual repeating units. The individual units are contiguous, and are joined to one another by homologous recombination between repeated sequences. At first approximation, all homologous recombinations are permitted such that crossing over may occur between any two repeated sequences. Since individual units contain multiple repeated elements, the array is not a regularly repeating structure. The individual units within the array are heterogeneous, both in size and in sequence content. These observations suggest models of gene amplification which involve multiple cycles of unscheduled DNA replication at a single locus, followed by multiple recombination events which serve to link individual units to one another and ultimately to the chromosome. PMID- 6678613 TI - 2B or not 2B: regulation of the catalytic utilization of eIF-2. PMID- 6678614 TI - Cellular utilization of cytosolic NADPH in kidney and liver cells from rats fed a normal or a vitamin D-deficient diet. AB - The amount of reducing equivalents from NADPH generated by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (G6PD) used in mixed function oxidation (pathway I) or in reductive biosynthesis (pathway II) has been determined by cytochemical methods and microdensitometry in cells from the pars recta (PR) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the kidney and from centrilobular (CL) and periportal (PP) hepatocytes from rats fed a normal or a vitamin D-deficient diet. In the kidney, pathway I activity was similar to that of pathway II in PR, whereas in DCT pathway II was markedly predominant. Feeding a vitamin D-deficient diet resulted in an increase in the total amount of reducing equivalents in PR and DCT. This increase was due to a rise in pathway I activity in the PR, whereas in the DCT the increase resulted from a stimulation of pathway II activity. Pathway I activity in PR was inversely correlated with plasma calcium, and was significantly decreased when calcium (1 mM) was added in vitro. In the liver the total amount of reducing equivalents generated by G6PD and both hydrogen pathways, was higher in CL than in PP hepatocytes. In CL cells, a vitamin D deficient diet induced a significant increase in both NADPH pathways. Furthermore, in these cells pathway I activity was inversely related to plasma calcium and was significantly lowered when 1 mM calcium was added in vitro. It is concluded that vitamin D status and calcium influence the production and utilization of cytosolic reducing equivalents both in kidney and liver. PMID- 6678616 TI - Subcellular localization of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in human liver. AB - The subcellular distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was determined in human liver biopsies by analytical sucrose density-gradient centrifugation. There was bimodal distribution of activity corresponding to mitochondrial and cytosolic localizations. At pH 9.6 cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase had a lower apparent Kappm for NAD (0.03 mmol l-1), than the mitochondrial enzyme (Kappm NAD = 1.1 mmol l-1). Also, the pH optimum for cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (pH 7.5) was lower than that for the mitochondrial enzyme activity (pH 9.0), and the cytosolic enzyme activity was more sensitive to inhibition by disulfiram in vitro. Disulfiram (40 mumol l-1) caused a 70% reduction in cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, but only a 30% reduction in mitochondrial enzyme activity after 10 min incubation. The liver cytosol may therefore be the major site of acetaldehyde oxidation in vivo in man. PMID- 6678615 TI - Metabolic control and compartmentation in single living cells. AB - Microspectrofluorometry of cell coenzymes (NAD(P)H, flavins) in conjunction with sequential microinjections into the same cell of metabolites and modifiers, reveals aspects of the regulatory mechanisms of transient redox changes of mitochondrial and extramitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides. The injection of ADP in the course of an NAD(P)H transient produced by glycolytic (e.g. glucose 6-phosphate, G6P) or mitochondrial (e.g. malate) substrate leads to sharp reoxidation (state III, Chance and Williams, 1955), followed by a spontaneous state III to IV transition, and an ultimate return to original redox steady state. The response to ADP alone is biphasic, i.e. a small oxidation reduction transient followed by a larger reverse transient. Similarities between responses to injected ATP and ADP suggest possible intracellular interconversions. Sequential injections of glycolytic and Krebs cycle substrates into the same cell, produce a two-step NAD(P) response, possibly revealing the intracellular compartmentation of this coenzyme. A two-step NAD(P)H response to sequentially injected fructose 1,6-diphosphate and G6P indicates the dynamic or even structural compartmentation of glycolytic phosphate esters in separate intracellular pools. The intracellular regulation and compartmentation of bioenergetic pathways and cell-to-cell metabolic inhomogeneities provide the basis on which the quantitative biochemistry of the intact living cell may be reconciled with these in situ findings. PMID- 6678617 TI - The A12 acetylcholinesterase and polypeptide composition of electric organ basal lamina of Electrophorus and some Torpedinae fishes. AB - Basal lamina (BL) of Torpedo, Discopyge and Electrophorus electric organs was purified in order to establish polypeptide composition and association with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Results indicate that BL presents a distinct peptide pattern and that the A12 form of AChE is directly attached to it. Comparison of the species studied demonstrated similarities both in polypeptide composition and AChE content of the purified BL. Extractions of BL with solutions of high ionic strength, guanidine-HCl and acetic acid indicated the differential solubilization of various domains of BL polypeptides. PMID- 6678618 TI - Correlations between common tests for assessment of liver damage: indices of the hepatoprotective activity of promethazine in carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. AB - The effects of promethazine (PM) on different aspects of the hepatotoxic action of CCl4 in the rat were investigated with the objective of finding rapid and reliable indicators of hepatoprotective effects. The study was based on definitive histological assessment of liver damage caused by CCl4 in the presence and absence of PM: PM (78 mumol kg-1, i.p.) protected against CCl4-induced hepatic necrosis 24 h after a low dose of CCl4 (1.3 mmol kg-1) but not against a higher dose (13.0 mmol kg-1). The large increases in plasma activities of GOT, GPT and LDH produced by dosing with CCl4 were partially inhibited by the administration of PM. PM and CCl4 caused a synergistic and long-lasting decrease in body temperature (2-3 degrees C for 8-10 h). Modifying the toxicity with PM, together with a low dose of CCl4, helped to minimize secondary effects of CCl4, to clarify the sequence of toxic events, and to assess the sensitivity of some standard tests of hepatotoxicity. Simultaneous measurement of over 20 commonly used biochemical screening tests in individual animals 3 or 6 h after treatment permitted direct correlation of a wide variety of concentrations, activities and effects. For example, liver CHCl3 concentrations (as a measure of CCl4 metabolism) correlate strongly with increases in diene conjugation of microsomal lipids (as a measure of CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation); malonaldehyde production appears to be less sensitive as a measure of lipid peroxidation in vivo than diene conjugation. The changes induced in each parameter and the correlations between them are discussed with reference to the overall nature of the hepatotoxic reaction and its modification by PM. PMID- 6678619 TI - Role of transferrin in uptake of non-physiological metals into cells. AB - At physiological concentrations of citrate the uptake of 59Fe, 67Ga, and 239Pu into human type B lymphocytes of splenic origin is the same in viable and in non viable cells. Addition of transferrin has no effect on the uptake into non-viable cells but in viable cells it increases the uptake of Fe and Ga but decreases that of Pu. Uptake decreases as transferrin concentration increases although this is less marked with Ga. PMID- 6678620 TI - Surface of articular cartilage: immunohistological studies. AB - Using several physical techniques the surface of articular cartilage has been reported to be structurally different from the deeper layers. In this paper using immunohistochemical methods, the surface has been shown to contain a characteristically different collagen, Type I in contrast to Type II which is the major collagen of cartilage. These results support previous proposals for a surface layer, or lamina splendens, the presence of which would be of considerable importance in understanding the degradation of cartilage in arthritides. PMID- 6678621 TI - Tumour localization of uroporphyrin isomers I and III and their correlation to albumin and serum protein binding. AB - We were the first to report the superiority of uroporphyrin I (UROP I) as a tumour localizer when compared to haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). In this study, we compared both isomers of UROP, i.e. I and III, in a KHJJ mammary carcinoma mouse model. Six and 18 h after UROP administration, the tumour, skin and gut porphyrin (P) content was quantitated. Tumour UROP I levels were always at least 50% higher than UROP III in tumour, whereas both isomers were barely detectable in the skin and gastrointestinal tract. We then explored the possibility that tumour P uptake might relate in part to the affinity of circulating P to mouse serum proteins (MSP), in particular, the major binding protein constituent, albumin. Copro-P III, deutero-P 2,4 disulphonic acid (DP), proto-P IX (PP) and heptacarboxylic P I (Hepta I) which in our mouse tumour model do not localize in malignant tissue, were compared to UROP I and III. The P was mixed with 0.775 microM human serum albumin (HSA) at different molar ratios (HSA:P range 2-8) and the unbound P concentration quantitated using an Amicon CF 25 membrane cone with centrifugation. The percentage free P was significantly higher for UROP I (92-98%) than III (82-95%) and significantly more than that observed with non-tumour localizing P studied. Similar data were obtained with MSP. This is consistent with the notion that enhanced uptake and retention (particularly UROP I) by malignant neoplastic tissue might reflect a higher affinity for UROP by tumour constituents than by circulating proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6678622 TI - Comparison of two cell isolation procedures to study in vitro intestinal wall biotransformation in control and 3-methyl-cholanthrene pretreated rats. AB - Two cell isolation procedures, i.e. a scraping/collagenase-treatment and a new vibration procedure in EDTA containing medium, were used to isolate intestinal epithelial cells. In both cell populations the metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin was studied. Moreover, the time course and extent of induction of both steps in the biotransformation were investigated after oral 3 methylcholanthrene pretreatment of the rats. Twenty four hours after 3 methylcholanthrene pretreatment (20 mg kg-1) monooxygenase activity was induced about 6-fold and 2.5-fold when studied with cells of the vibratory and enzymic procedures, respectively. Control 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity and 7 hydroxycoumarin glucuronidation were about the same when comparing both methods for cell-isolation. The formation of glucuronides in cells (both methods) is significantly lowered by 3-MC pretreatment, while sulphation remains unaffected. Results indicate that using enzymic treatment of mucosal scrapings, cell populations are obtained containing relatively more differentiated (tip) cells. A number of advantages of the new (vibration) method are: better recovery, viability and reproducibility. PMID- 6678623 TI - Aerobic glycolysis of bone and cartilage: the possible involvement of fatty acid oxidation. AB - The apparent paradox of aerobic glycolysis has been investigated in bone and in cartilage. A new cytochemical procedure for hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase (HOAD) activity showed that the maximal activity of this enzyme in both tissues was equivalent to the maximal activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD). The sum of these activities gave a measure of the maximum amount of acetyl-coenzyme A that could be produced. In these tissues, but not in liver which does not exhibit aerobic glycolysis, this summed value exceeded the maximal activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Consequently, it suggested that where fatty acid oxidation is sufficient to supply all the acetyl-coenzyme A required for the Krebs' cycle, that derived from fatty acid oxidation may inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase causing accumulation of pyruvate which must be converted to lactate if pentose-shunt activity is to be maintained. PMID- 6678624 TI - [Epidemiological status of malaria in the People's Republic of China in 1981 and suggestions for control]. PMID- 6678625 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the tegumental surface of a mainland strain of Schistosoma japonicum]. PMID- 6678626 TI - [Survey on the control of schistosomiasis in 99 production brigades of 10 counties in Jiangsu Province]. PMID- 6678627 TI - [Comparative study on various dose schedules of praziquantel in the treatment of schistosomiasis japonica]. PMID- 6678628 TI - [Natural infection of sparganum in Rana tigarina in Fuzhou, Fujian Province]. PMID- 6678629 TI - [Clinical observations on the effect of pyquiton on hepatic function]. PMID- 6678630 TI - [Significance of blood examination for malaria parasites in febrile patients]. PMID- 6678631 TI - [2 cases of dermatitis caused by Ornithonyssus bacoti]. PMID- 6678632 TI - [A preliminary report on the polyethylene glycol precipitation test to study the kinetics of circulating immune complexes in sera from rabbits infected with the cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum]. PMID- 6678633 TI - [Studies on antigens of house dust mite. I. Column chromatography and immunological determinations of the Dermatophagoides farinae extract]. PMID- 6678634 TI - [Current status of prevalence and control of filariasis in China]. PMID- 6678636 TI - [Electrocardiogram in paragonimiasis patients]. PMID- 6678635 TI - [Observations on the development of Paragonimus westermani in rats and its treatment with pyquiton]. PMID- 6678637 TI - [Investigation on the fluctuation of the density of Oncomelania snails in grassy lands of Boyang Lake]. PMID- 6678638 TI - [Clinical observation on pyquiton treatment of 20 cases of schistosomiasis complicated with cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6678639 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of balantidiosis]. PMID- 6678640 TI - [Report of an adult kala-azar patient from a desert area]. PMID- 6678641 TI - [Occurrence of Pagumogonimus skrjabini in Fangshan county, Hubei province]. PMID- 6678642 TI - [Clinical analysis of 19 cases of giardiasis]. PMID- 6678643 TI - [Studies on the correlation between Oncomelania snail population and the size of the total snail population]. PMID- 6678644 TI - [A preliminary observation on the effect of mebendazole in the treatment of 15 cases of taeniasis]. PMID- 6678645 TI - [Treatment of a case of giardiasis with pyquiton]. PMID- 6678646 TI - [Studies on the indirect carbon agglutination test (ICAT) for the diagnosis of paragonimiasis]. PMID- 6678647 TI - [Longitudinal survey of schistosomiasis control in the Nanzhang Project Area, Shanghai]. PMID- 6678648 TI - [In vitro effect of pyquiton on Fasciolopsis buski]. PMID- 6678649 TI - [Myiasis of the female external genitalia caused by Chrysomyia bezziana in Fujian]. PMID- 6678650 TI - [Dominant lethal test with pyronaridine on male mice]. PMID- 6678651 TI - [Occurrence of Leishmania gerbilli in Uradhouqi, Nei Mongol]. PMID- 6678652 TI - [A report of 3 cases of acute paragonimiasis]. PMID- 6678653 TI - [Host-parasite interaction in malaria]. PMID- 6678654 TI - [Advances in investigations and studies on kala-azar in China since 1960]. PMID- 6678655 TI - [Clinical analysis of 253 cases of intestinal trichomoniasis]. PMID- 6678656 TI - [A retrospective survey on serious side-effects of pyquiton among 25,693 cases of schistosomiasis japonica]. PMID- 6678657 TI - [Determination of specific antibodies, IgG, IgM and IgE, in schistosomiasis japonica by ELISA and its clinical significance]. PMID- 6678658 TI - [Comparative observations on the salivary gland chromosomes of the fourth instar larva of Anopheles sinensis in various districts]. PMID- 6678659 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the sensory papillae of Ascaris lumbricoides]. PMID- 6678660 TI - [A mouse model of primary amoebic (Naegleria fowleri) meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 6678661 TI - [Comparisons on life table characteristics among various geographical strains of Anopheles sinensis from Zhengzhou (Henan), Shanghai and Youxi (Fujian)]. PMID- 6678662 TI - [Embryotoxicity of chloroquine and pyrimethamine in rats]. PMID- 6678664 TI - [Experimental infection of Pagumogonimus skrjabini metacercaria in cats]. PMID- 6678663 TI - [A survey on intestinal taeniasis in 15 counties and districts in the northwest region of Yunnan Province]. PMID- 6678665 TI - [A case of Phthirus pubis of the eyelid]. PMID- 6678666 TI - [Pyrimidine metabolism in Schistosoma japonicum]. PMID- 6678667 TI - [Preliminary study on the in vitro cultivation of lung-phase schistosomula of Schistosoma japonicum]. PMID- 6678668 TI - [Seroepidemiological survey of malaria in 7 counties of Xiangtan Prefecture]. PMID- 6678669 TI - [A new fluke--Paragonimus jiangsuensis sp. nov]. PMID- 6678670 TI - [Observations on the morphological and histochemical changes in Taenia saginata caused by pyquiton]. PMID- 6678671 TI - [Experimental studies on the rabbit transfer factor of schistosomiasis japonica]. PMID- 6678672 TI - [Pathological studies on hydatid cysts of the lung and liver in Xingjian Province]. PMID- 6678673 TI - [Studies on antigens of the house-dust mite. II. Allergenic activities of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis fractions of Dermatophagoides farinae extract]. PMID- 6678674 TI - [A case of liver echinococcosis in Shangqiu Prefecture, Henan]. PMID- 6678675 TI - [A case report of liver fascioliasis in Jiaodong Prefecture]. PMID- 6678676 TI - [Effect of biltricide on cysticercosis cellulosae with muscular pseudodystrophy- report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6678677 TI - [Investigation on population composition and nocturnal activities of Anopheles in two prefectures in Bose, Guangxi]. PMID- 6678678 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the cuticular spines of Pagumogonimus heterorchis]. PMID- 6678680 TI - [Abstracts of selected papers at the conference of the Shanghai Society of Parasitology, 1983]. PMID- 6678679 TI - [Report of a case of sparganosis mansoni]. PMID- 6678681 TI - Spontaneous nasal septal perforation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Nasal septal perforation is known to be associated with various traumatic and disease states, yet spontaneous nasal septal perforation (SNSP) is relatively rare. SNSP has been reported in three patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and we report an additional seven patients with SNSP and RA, four of whom were seronegative and none of whom had Raynaud's, in contrast to those reported previously. Manifestations of overt infectious, neoplastic or granulomatous disease have not been found in our seven patients over several years of close follow-up. We have identified no obvious pathogenesis or specific etiology for SNSP. We suggest that SNSP may represent an unusual manifestation of RA previously not well recognized. PMID- 6678682 TI - Joint fluid leukocytosis of patient with rheumatoid arthritis Computer analysis of possible explanative factors. AB - The relationship between joint fluid leukocytosis and some clinical and laboratory parameters (disease duration, ESR, maximal titres of rheumatoid factor and of antinuclear factors, blood leukocytosis and sex) was studied in 27 consecutive patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. The concentration of leukocytes was significantly higher in the synovial fluid than in peripheral blood. Variations of joint fluid leukocytosis could, however, not be explained by disease duration, actual ESR, maximal rheumatoid factor or antinuclear factor titres, concentration of blood leukocytes, or sex. It is suggested that a possible correlation between joint fluid leukocytosis and the listed parameters of rheumatoid arthritis may be too complex for analysis by a linear multiple regression model in samples of the present size. PMID- 6678683 TI - Tuberculous arthritis of the shoulder: delayed diagnosis aided by arthrography. AB - Tuberculous arthritis of the shoulder was not diagnosed in an 80-year-old man with Addison's disease until the appearance of a draining abscess in his arm. Initially signs, symptoms, x-rays and laboratory studies were consistent with calcific tendonitis and degenerative arthritis. Then an arthrogram demonstrated a connection between the shoulder joint and the abscess. A high level of suspicion for tuberculous arthritis should be maintained in an elderly patient whose past medical history is suspicious for tuberculosis and whose articular complaints are chronic. PMID- 6678684 TI - Hand deformities in a patient with chronic lung disease; Jaccoud's arthropathy. AB - Jaccoud's arthropathy is a syndrome of chronic progressive painless deformity of the hands and feet with surprisingly well preserved functions. The arthropathy has been known to develop subsequently to episodes of rheumatic fever. a patient is presented in this report with a clinical and radiologic finding indistinguishable from that of the Jaccound's arthropathy. However, the only associated illness is chronic lung disease. PMID- 6678685 TI - Algodystrophy of the knee. Anatomo-radiological study of a case. AB - Presentation of a case of algodystrophy (i.e., Sudeck's dystrophy) of the left knee, affecting the femur, tibia and patella. It was brought on by a simple movement made while playing tennis and it recurred subsequently accompanied by algodystrophy of the corresponding foot. Histological study of the biopsy material showed the classical image of cortical and cancellous bone atrophy with non-specific remodelling which explained the increased uptake on the scintigraph as well as the repairing of the bone tissue observed on the X-rays. Reasons are given for the choice of the term algodystrophy to describe the condition. PMID- 6678686 TI - Calcified psoas abscess causing limited hip movement in Crohn's disease. PMID- 6678687 TI - Effect of salicylates on lymphocyte blastogenesis in vitro: association with other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - High concentrations of the non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, alone and in association, reduce the blastogenesis of human lymphocytes in vitro. This effect is probably due to the toxicity of these agents and not to the inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) prosuction. Therefore drugs, such as, salicylates and associations of salicylates with other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, which have a weak action on PG-synthesis, also inhibit proliferation of lymphocytes. PMID- 6678688 TI - Rheumatoid type of psoriatic arthritis. AB - Psoriatic arthritis can sometimes have a rheumatoid character, manifested especially by symmetrical involvement of the small joints of the hands. This finding was present in 23 out of a total of 150 patients with diagnosed psoriatic arthritis. The association of the rheumatoid joint syndrome and positivity of tests for rheumatoid factors in 4 patients suggest a suspected coincidental association of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. In 2 patients the originally positive tests for rheumatoid factors became negative, simultaneously with the occurrence of sacro-iliitis. The remaining 17 patients had rheumatoid-like joint involvement associated with negative tests for rheumatoid factors. All 17 patients had changes in the spine. PMID- 6678690 TI - Effect of corynebacterium parvum in the induction and course of mycoplasma arthritis of mice. AB - The effect of the immunostimulant C. parvum on the establishment and course of mycoplasma arthritis of mice was investigated. Male Swiss albino mice were injected intra-venously with M. arthritidis culture and intraperitoneally with C. parvum. It was shown that mice immunostimulated with C. parvum were significantly protected against the establishment of arthritis if the mycoplasma was given 9 days after the immunostimulant. However, when the arthritis was established C. parvum had no effect on the course of the arthritis. A close association between mycoplasma arthritidis and synovial cells in proposed as a possible explanation of this observation. PMID- 6678689 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in patients receiving long term intra-articular corticosteroids. AB - The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function of eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving regular intra-articular methyl prednisolone acetate was studied. Tests of the HPA axis 5-7 weeks after the last injection revealed suppression in two patients. Some patients receiving intra-articular corticosteroids may therefore have abnormal responses to stress. PMID- 6678692 TI - Chondral fracture of the anterior intercondylar groove of the femur. AB - A case of purely chondral fracture of the anterior intercondylar groove of the femur producing a loose body is demonstrated by single contrast arthrography in a boy who also presented a classical osteochondritis dissecans of the medial femoral condyle. This case demonstrates that an arthrography of the knee should always include a study of the patellofemoral joint even if there are no patellofemoral complaints. PMID- 6678691 TI - Measurement of nerve conduction--a comparison of orthodromic and antidromic methods. AB - The validity of the antidromic method in the measurement of median and ulnar sensory nerve conduction is determined. Analysis of our results show that both the orthodromic and antidromic methods provide consistent results. Both methods were accurate in diagnosing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), with an upper limit of normal for distal sensory latency of 4.5 msecs motor, and 4.0 msecs sensory in the median nerve. Variation with age and sex was studied. Latency when measured by either method showed no variation. Amplitude showed a consistent decrease with age. No sex difference was detected. We conclude that the antidromic stimulatory method is accurate, reproducible, and convenient, and therefore is at least as good if not better than the orthodromic method in the context of a busy routine electrodiagnostic clinic. PMID- 6678693 TI - Lymphatic varices in blocked fistulous rheumatism. AB - Blockage of a chronic synovial fistula over the right elbow in a man with erosive, nodular rheumatoid arthritis is described. A subsequent synoviogram demonstrated gross lymphatic hypertrophy draining the joint. The implications of this finding are discussed. PMID- 6678694 TI - Evaluating slow-acting antirheumatic drug therapies for rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Clinical trials with slow-acting or disease-modifying drugs in rheumatoid arthritis are difficult to design and execute. Such trials are expensive and require long periods of observation. However, there is no acceptable alternative to the properly designed and completed controlled clinical trial. Broad principles for the design of such trials and the basic elements of the study design are outlined and discussed. PMID- 6678695 TI - Relationship between clinical synovitis and radiological destruction, in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The clinical synovitis and radiological destruction of wrist and subtalar joints were followed over a 3-year period in 107 patients with rheumatoid arthritis of no longer than 6 months' duration. The joints were examined clinically and by X ray on entry to study, at one year and at three years of study. The progress of joint destruction was highly significantly correlated with the frequency of clinical synovitis at the three examinations in both wrist and subtalar joints. PMID- 6678696 TI - Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the renal excretion of uric acid. AB - The effect of 9 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the renal excretion of uric acid was studied in patients with normal renal function. Diflunisal, Azapropazone and Indomethacin caused an increase and Piroxicam a decrease in the uric acid excretion. Other drugs studied had no significant influence. PMID- 6678697 TI - Joint fluid leukocytosis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis evidence for neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis in vivo. AB - The cell picture of the synovial fluid of fourteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis was studied in smears contrasted with the May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain. The cytology was dominated by neutrophils, many with signs of necrobiosis. The mononuclear cells displayed signs of proliferation and differentiation. Comparison with the immobile erythrocyte provided evidence that the accumulation of leukocytes in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was due to active leukocyte migration, presumably stimulated random movement and chemotaxis. PMID- 6678698 TI - Natural killer cell activity in inflammatory joint disease. AB - The natural killer (NK) cell activity of unfractionated peripheral blood and synovial fluid mononuclear cells from patients with inflammatory joint disease was measured in a short-term assay using the human tumour cell line, K562, as the target. The mean values for peripheral blood NK activity of the various groups (controls, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA] were similar although the rheumatoid group showed the widest range. However, the NK activity of PsA patients (23.74 +/- 10.14) was significantly lower than that of the controls (31.63 +/- 10.8, 0.05 greater than P greater than 0.01). Almost without exception, NK activity was found to be considerably lower in synovial fluid than in paired blood samples (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6678699 TI - Investigations on vitamin E and lipid peroxide status in rheumatic diseases. AB - Patients of both sexes suffering from two types of rheumatic diseases-- rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis--were examined. Healthy volunteers of similar age served as controls. No significant difference was found in the plasma vitamin E content of the patients. Plasma malondialdehyde content was significantly higher /P less than 0.001/ in both sexes in the RA and OA groups as compared to the controls. Plasma catalase activity in both sexes was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in RA and OA groups while RBC glutathione peroxidase showed significantly (P less than 0.001) higher activity only in the female RA group, as compared to the control subjects. A difference was found between RA and OA groups in malondialdehyde content and in glutathione-peroxidase activity in subjects of both sexes. PMID- 6678701 TI - Confusion of roentgenographic differential diagnosis between ankylosing hyperostosis (Forestier's disease) and ankylosing spondylitis. AB - A patient with ankylosing hyperostosis (Forestier's disease) initially diagnosed elsewhere as a case of ankylosing spondylitis with bamboo spine, is presented. The characteristic roentgenographic findings of Forestier's disease in the axial skeleton of this patient are described, including computerized tomography of the lower lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints. Major clinical and radiological distinguishing features of Forestier's disease and ankylosing spondylitis are discussed. PMID- 6678700 TI - Relationship between local and total bone mineral in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal subjects. AB - Total body bone mineral (TBBM) measured by dual photon absorptiometry and local bone mineral (BMC) measured by single photon absorptiometry were determined in 55 patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis. All of them had been on a steady dose of anti-inflammatory drugs for at least 12 months, and furthermore, 13 patients were on glucocorticoids. The results were compared with 49 normal persons matched for sex, age and menopausal state. A highly significant correlation was found between BMC and TBBM in the patients (r = 0.84, SEE = 13.0%) as well as in the controls (r = 0.77, SEE 10.5%). Moreover, the intercepts and the slopes were virtually of the same order. Subdividing the patients according to glucocorticoid treatment the same high correlations were shown in the two subgroups. As a group the patients on glucocorticoids had a highly significant generalized osteopenia (a reduction of TBBM of 26% compared to normals). The patients on other anti-inflammatory drugs had a significant, but less pronounced generalized osteopenia (a reduction of TBBM by 11% compared to normals). It is concluded, that BMC of the forearm can be used as a valid estimate of total body calcium in groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in normal subjects. PMID- 6678702 TI - Ochronosis: a case report with severe ochronotic arthropathy. AB - Alkaptonuria is a rare inborn metabolic disorder in which ochronotic pigment is deposited in connective tissue and cartilage. Ochronotic arthropathy is the consequence of longstanding alkaptonuria and leads to progressive joint disability. We report a case of a 67-year old man with severe ochronotic arthropathy involving the spine, the knees, the shoulders and the hips. PMID- 6678703 TI - Temperament, cultural variation and behavior disorder in preschool children. PMID- 6678704 TI - Mother-child interaction in hyperactive and normal kindergarten-aged children and the effect of treatment. PMID- 6678705 TI - Depressive related symptoms among preschool-age children. PMID- 6678706 TI - The role of recollected anxiety in parental adaptation to low birthweight infants. PMID- 6678707 TI - Life events in relation to psychopathology among severely and chronically ill children and adolescents. PMID- 6678708 TI - Firesetting and nonfiresetting delinquents. A comparison of neuropsychiatric, psychoeducational, experiential, and behavioral characteristics. PMID- 6678709 TI - Depression in childhood. PMID- 6678711 TI - The teaching and service components of a university sexual medicine clinic for children. PMID- 6678710 TI - A psychosomatic unit for children and adolescents: report on first year and ten months. PMID- 6678712 TI - Emotionally disturbed children in special schools: common factorial dimensions in three differing school settings. PMID- 6678713 TI - Maternal reaction to the birth of a second child: another side of sibling rivalry. PMID- 6678714 TI - Material anxiety following bereavement by cot death and emotional security of subsequent infants. PMID- 6678715 TI - Catastrophic events: reaction of preschool age children and their families. PMID- 6678716 TI - Comparative psychiatric studies on children and adolescents suffering from cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma. PMID- 6678717 TI - The metaphoric use of song lyrics as paraverbal communication. PMID- 6678718 TI - Parental perceptions of children who were hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units. PMID- 6678719 TI - Therapeutic concern for the "nonpresenting symptom" in pediatric practice. PMID- 6678720 TI - Attachment to soft objects: its relationship with attachment to the mother and with thumbsucking. PMID- 6678721 TI - [Chemotherapy of malignant soft tissue tumors]. PMID- 6678722 TI - [Experience in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors of the extremities using computed tomography]. PMID- 6678723 TI - [Surgical therapy of liposarcoma]. AB - The clinical course of 17 patients with liposarcoma was followed from 6 months to 20 years. Local recurrence was seen in 11 patients, metastases in 3. Survival was 1 year in one case up to 18 years in another. There was a close correlation of survival and histological findings. There was also a distinct influence of primary surgical therapy on local recurrence rate. In our opinion, the extent of excision of the primary tumor is most important in the treatment of liposarcoma. PMID- 6678724 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in amebic liver abscess]. AB - Abscesses of the liver represent the most common complications of amebiasis. In general they are treated non-surgically by the aid of Metronidazol. Complications, however, such as perforations, development of fistulas or septicemia may occur and necessitate surgical intervention. The role of CT in diagnostic problems and therapeutic management is discussed in three different cases with respect to other diagnostic techniques. PMID- 6678725 TI - [1-stage procedure in the reconstruction of frontobasal middle face fractures. Modifications and treatment modalities]. AB - This paper deals with the management of 269 patients with frontobasal fractures of which 143 were treated operatively. The close interrelation between midface and base of skull and our operative modifications are discussed. The advantages and importance of the transethmoidal approach to the base of the skull is most adventageous for reconstruction of the midface pillars. Specially for comminuted fractures, avoiding complications such as pseudohypertelorism, telecanthus and frontobasal disturbances. This also enables an accurate reposition to be made with minimal use of foreign materials such as wire ligatures and miniplates. The operation should be performed by the same surgeon in a single sitting thus combining the transethmoidal approach with the midface reconstruction. The reduction of the rate of CSF recurrent leaking to only 3,5% is ascribed to these methods. PMID- 6678726 TI - [Extra-abdominal fibromatosis. A case report on an often problematic disease]. PMID- 6678727 TI - [Modification for facilitating bolt nailing]. PMID- 6678728 TI - [Causes of chronic renal insufficiency in an adult internal medicine service in Dakar]. PMID- 6678729 TI - [Peritonitis encapsulans: apropos of a case]. PMID- 6678730 TI - [Chloroquine poisoning: our experience apropos of 80 cases]. PMID- 6678731 TI - [Pancolic pseudopolyposis. Juvenile polyps in hemorrhagic rectocolitis in a young adult Senegalese woman]. PMID- 6678732 TI - [Ovarian pregnancy: apropos of a case]. PMID- 6678733 TI - [Lipid evaluation and physical activity in healthy Senegalese]. PMID- 6678734 TI - [Effect of sports on the HDL cholesterol level in the Senegalese]. PMID- 6678736 TI - [Preliminary study of arterial pressure as a function of the genital cycle in young women]. PMID- 6678735 TI - [Anti-HLA immunization in pregnant Senegalese women: effect of parity and gestational age]. PMID- 6678737 TI - [Synodontias and schizodontias. Apropos of cases observed at the Institute of Odonto-Stomatology]. PMID- 6678738 TI - [Responsibilities of the dental surgeon in Senegal]. PMID- 6678739 TI - [Sciatic neuralgias caused by tubercular spondylodiscitis]. PMID- 6678740 TI - [Acute peritonitis: apropos of 100 cases operated on at the Dakar Principal Hospital]. PMID- 6678741 TI - [Gas gangrene: apropos of 3 patients hospitalized in 1 year in the Resuscitation Service at the A. Le Dantec Hospital]. PMID- 6678742 TI - [Neonatal screening for mucoviscidosis in Senegal using the BM-test]. PMID- 6678743 TI - [A disease prevalent in Senegal: cutaneous leishmaniasis]. PMID- 6678744 TI - [Failure in thermolysis]. PMID- 6678745 TI - Teratogenic effects of D-penicillamine in rats: relation to copper deficiency. AB - The teratogenicity of D-penicillamine (DP) (dimethyl cysteine) was studied using the Sprague-Dawley rat. D-Penicillamine was fed during pregnancy at a level of 0 (control), 0.17, 0.83, or 1.66% of the diet. The frequency of resorptions, and the frequency and severity of malformations, increased with increasing levels of the drug. Maternal and fetal tissue copper levels were significantly lower in the DP groups than in controls, with the levels decreasing in a dose-related manner. Maternal and fetal zinc levels were lower in the 1.6% DP group than in controls. Maternal liver iron concentration was higher in the drug-fed rats than in controls, increasing in a dose-related manner. Fetal iron concentration was not consistently affected by the drug. Maternal and fetal manganese, calcium, and magnesium concentrations were similar among all groups. These results suggest that the teratogenicity of D-penicillamine may be due in part to induction of copper deficiency and, at high dose levels, zinc deficiency, caused by its chelating properties. PMID- 6678746 TI - Comparative effects of dietary administration of antioxidants and inducers on the activities of several hepatic enzymes in mice. AB - Feeding mice with anticarcinogenic antioxidants, 2 (3)-tert-butyl-4 hydroxyanisole (BHA), ethoxyquin (EQ), disulfiram (DSF), and selenite (SE) resulted in selective changes in hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidases and in other enzymatic activities which were different from those obtained by feeding phenobarbital (PB), 3-methyl cholanthrene (MC), and Aroclor (ARO). While the hepatic microsomal oxidation of benzo(a)pyrene was markedly elevated by MC and ARO, it was decreased by BHA, EQ, and SE, and unchanged by PB and DSF. In addition, differential effects on cytochrome P-450, aminopyrine demethylase, and aniline hydroxylase were observed. In marked contrast to the large increases produced by BHA, EQ, and ARO, the feeding of PB, MC, or SE resulted in little or no increase in epoxide hydrolase, UDP-glucuronyl transferase, UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione levels. These results suggest that protective effects of anticarcinogens may be produced by both the decrease of metabolic activation (BHA, EQ, SE) and the enhancement of metabolic deactivation processes (BHA, EQ, DSF, SE). PMID- 6678747 TI - Effects of dietary protein on the subacute toxicity of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in rats. AB - Individual and combined effects of dietary protein and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were investigated. Groups of young, female rats were fed diets containing 24, 8, or 4% protein for 5 weeks. During the fifth week, BHT was administered intragastrically to half the rats in each group at 250 mg/kg/day for 7 days. Reduction of protein intake, particularly to 4% dietary level, caused significant reduction in body weight gain, relative liver weight, hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, liver total protein, and serum albumin concentration as well as elevation of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity, relative heart weight, and serum globulin concentration. BHT treatment, on the other hand, caused significant reduction in body weight gain and glucose-6-phosphatase activity as well as liver enlargement, induction of hepatic microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450, and elevation of serum total cholesterol level. Several effects of BHT intensified as protein intake was reduced. In addition, reduction of relative spleen weight and liver necrosis were observed only among the BHT-treated rats fed 4% dietary protein. It was concluded that combination of protein deprivation and BHT treatment produced responses that are significantly greater than the sum of the corresponding responses produced by the individual treatments. PMID- 6678748 TI - Effects of dietary protein on the pharmacokinetics of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in rats. AB - The effects of dietary protein on the metabolism of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were examined in the present study by comparison of the pharmacokinetics of BHT in rats fed different levels of dietary protein. Groups of young female rats were fed diets containing 24%, 8%, or 4% protein, as supplied from casein, for 4 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, a single oral dose of 500 mg BHT/kg was administered intragastrically to each rat. The serum BHT concentration was then measured at intervals during the first 12 hr following BHT administration. Several kinetic measurements were obtained from both the zero-order and first order plots of serum BHT concentration versus time. Reduced BHT metabolism as indicated by increased concentration and delayed clearance of BHT in the circulation was found among rats fed 4% dietary protein compared to those fed 24% protein. On the other hand, no significant alteration was observed in any of the kinetic parameters obtained from rats fed 8% dietary protein. It was concluded that metabolism of BHT is reduced only when protein consumption is reduced to a 4% dietary level. PMID- 6678749 TI - Influence of dietary carbohydrates (alpha-saccharides) on hepatic drug metabolism in male rats. AB - Young male rats (SD, CD strain) were fed semisynthetic isocaloric diets ad lib for different time periods (3,7,14, or 28 days); both carbohydrate (starch or sucrose) content and fat content were varied. High starch (HST) diet contained starch (73% of calories), corn oil (6%), and casein (21%); low starch (LST) diet contained 6, 73, and 21% of calories, respectively. In high sucrose (HS) or low sucrose (LS) diets, starch was replaced by sucrose. Rats fed LST and LS diets had decreased liver weight compared to those fed HST and HS diets, while liver microsomal protein content (mg/gm liver) was the same in all groups. Significant decreases in microsomal cytochrome P-450 from the basal level were observed in all diets over the period of experimental feeding. This decrease was more prominent with HST or HS diets compared to LST or LS dietary groups. HS diet feeding produced this decrease in cytochrome P-450 levels by 3 days; however, animals on HST diet required 7 days of feeding before they experienced a similar decrease in cytochrome P-450 levels. At 14 days, HST-fed animals had 52% lower liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 than did LST-fed animals. HS-fed animals had 36% lower cytochrome P-450 than LS-fed at 28 days. Similar results were observed for dietary effects on cytochrome b5. Aminopyrine demethylase activity decreased steadily on all diets. p-Nitrophenol glucuronidation was significantly increased in all dietary groups after 2 weeks of diet feeding. These results suggest that dietary carbohydrates and fat (particularly the relative quantities of carbohydrate and fat) may significantly influence the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. It is speculated that these changes may occur due to alteration in the phospholipid composition of endoplasmic reticulum or by limiting the supply of cofactor(s) necessary for optimal mixed function oxidation and conjugation. PMID- 6678750 TI - Clofibrate hypocholesterolemia associated with increased hepatic copper. AB - Copper metabolism is important in the etiology of ischemic heart disease according to a new hypothesis. Hypercholesterolemic people may be more likely to be malnourished in copper than normocholesterolemic people. Clofibrate was fed to rats as a component of a diet that produces copper deficiency. Rats fed clofibrate had 20 to 29% (P less than 0.003) lower concentration of cholesterol in blood plasma and higher copper in liver (47 to 78%, P less than 0.025) and plasma (19 to 25%, P less than 0.03). The experiments are a successful test of the hypotheses that clofibrate is active in animals malnourished in copper and that the change in cholesterol metabolism induced by clofibrate may be the result of a change in copper metabolism. Clofibrate is a member of a class of cholesterotropic and cuprotropic chemicals. PMID- 6678751 TI - Opposite effects of carbohydrate and protein on phenytoin absorption in man. AB - Food intake has been found to enhance the absorption of phenytoin, as judged from single-dose studies in healthy volunteers taking phenytoin (acid) with and without a standardized breakfast of 1,840 kJ. In order to investigate whether this effect was due to food intake as such or to the ingestion of a certain nutrient, the influence of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, respectively, on phenytoin (acid) absorption was examined in ten healthy volunteers. The nutrients were given separately in amounts corresponding to those of the standardized breakfast previously employed. Phenytoin concentrations in plasma were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The results indicate that, while fat had no measurable influence, carbohydrate may enhance, and protein reduce, the absorption of phenytoin. PMID- 6678752 TI - Microbial metronidazole metabolism: rat diets for safety testing procedures. AB - High concentration of metronidazole decrease the nitroreductive activity of the rat's cecal microflora, and preincubation with the drug lowers metabolic activity in vitro. Therefore high doses of metronidazole may lead to a lower yield of potential carcinogenic intermediate(s) in vivo. Since diet influences cecal microbial nitroreductive activity, a combination of diet and dose control may be used to maximize the potential carcinogenicity of the drug in safety evaluation procedures. PMID- 6678753 TI - Effect of rice diet on chloroquine bioavailability. AB - The effect of rice-based meals on chloroquine bioavailability was assessed in six healthy adult male volunteers. Chloroquine (600 mg base) was administered orally in two circumstances: on empty stomach and along with a rice-based breakfast. Timed blood samples were obtained to determine the plasma concentrations of the drug. The results suggest that the area under the concentration curve (AUC0-12) and peak plasma levels are significantly higher when chloroquine is administered along with food, though the rate of absorption is not different. It appears, therefore, that a rice-based meal facilitates chloroquine absorption, thereby increasing the bioavailability of the drug. PMID- 6678755 TI - Paraquat concentration and renal function in mice fed purified and cereal-based diets. AB - Paraquat, a broad spectrum herbicide, has differential effects in mice depending upon whether a purified or a cereal-based diet is fed. Male ICR mice were fed either a cereal-based closed-formula diet or a purified diet for 7-14 days. After intraperitoneal injection, radiolabeled paraquat was measured in blood, lung, kidney, liver, heart, and urine over a 48-hr period. Accumulation of organic ions was measured in renal tissue slices at 3 hrs after injection of paraquat. Hematocrit, plasma urea nitrogen, and urine volume were measured from 8 to 72 hr after administration of paraquat. From 3 to 12 hr after injection, concentrations of paraquat in plasma, kidney, and liver were greater in mice fed a purified diet than in mice fed a closed-formula diet. Concentration of paraquat in the lung and urine did not differ between dietary groups over a 48-hr period. Three hours after paraquat intake renal tissue organic ion accumulation was higher in mice fed a purified diet. Within 72 hr after paraquat administration plasma urea nitrogen concentration and hematocrit were greater in mice fed a purified diet. Higher tissue concentrations of paraquat in mice fed a purified diet could explain dietary differences previously observed for LD50 and survival time after paraquat injection. While changes in plasma urea and paraquat concentration in the kidney were observed, the effect of a diet-paraquat interaction on renal function was not conclusive, since there was no difference in excretion of paraquat between the dietary groups. PMID- 6678754 TI - Effect of salicylamide on the growth of a Morris hepatoma in rats fed 8% and 25% casein diets. AB - To investigate the effect of 2% salicylamide and protein feeding levels on animal and tumor growth, male ACI rats were injected with Morris hepatoma #3924A (1 X 10(6) cells) 1 week following the conversion to diets containing 8% or 25% casein (+/- 2% salicylamide). The animals were sacrificed on day 19 after tumor transplantation. Tumor area and tumor weight were significantly higher in animals on the 25% versus the 8% casein diets. Reduction in body weight gain and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were observed in drug-treated and tumor-bearing animals. Total serum protein and liver protein were significantly reduced in all tumor bearing animals when compared to non-tumor-bearing rats. Liver protein from animals with tumors was significantly higher among those fed salicylamide, in comparison with the tumor bearing non-drug-treated animals. Overall, these results show that the growth of Morris hepatoma #3924A in ACI rats is enhanced by increased dietary protein and is significantly reduced by a low-protein diet and/or a salicylamide dietary supplement. PMID- 6678756 TI - Influence of food intake on antihypertensive drugs: spironolactone. AB - A series of studies has been initiated to examine the influence of concomitant food intake on the effects of antihypertensive drugs during long-term therapy. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of spironolactone and the steady-state concentrations of its major, active metabolite canrenone were compared in 10 hypertensive patients after two 60-day periods of spironolactone treatment, 100 mg once daily, prescribed to be ingested before and together with breakfast, respectively. There was no significant difference in the blood pressure and heart rate values during the two treatment periods, and the canrenone levels were similar. As spironolactone can cause gastric irritation, the present findings support the recommendation that spironolactone always be prescribed for once daily intake together with breakfast. PMID- 6678757 TI - Effect of riboflavin status on acetaminophen toxicity in the rat. AB - The effect of riboflavin status on acetaminophen hepatotoxicity was determined in the rat. Groups of rats were fed one of the following diets: "riboflavin-free" (RFF), low riboflavin (LRF), high riboflavin (HRF), or high riboflavin pair-fed (HRF pair-fed) with RFF group. After riboflavin deficiency was established by determining erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient, rats in all groups were administered a toxic dose of acetaminophen (1 g/kg body weight) orally. Their controls were given the vehicle alone. All animals were killed 24 h later and hepatotoxicity was assessed by the elevation of serum transaminases and by a necrotic score based on histological examination. The RFF diet induced biochemical riboflavin deficiency, decreased food intake and body weight gain, and was associated with almost complete protection against acetaminophen toxicity. Rats on the LRF diet, with less severe riboflavin deficiency and no significant change in weight gain, showed some necrosis, but it was much less than in the HRF ad libitum-fed rats. The HRF pair-fed rats with no biochemical riboflavin deficiency but with considerable growth retardation also showed very little hepatic necrosis. Our results suggest that riboflavin deficiency protects rats against acetaminophen toxicity but it is confounded by decreased food consumption and body weight. PMID- 6678758 TI - Effects of maternal ethanol consumption on the ontogeny of gluconeogenesis in the perinatal period. AB - Ethanol-induced birth defects may be metabolic or structural. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on the ontogeny of gluconeogenic enzymes. Female rats were fed either liquid diets containing 35% ethanol-derived calories or control diets with isocaloric substitution of corn oil for ethanol. Control diets were pair-fed or given ad libitum. Animals were acclimated to the liquid diets for 7 weeks prior to breeding and the diets were continued through gestation. On day 21, at 4 hr post-caesarean section, ethanol exposed pups exhibited reduced activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase when compared to pair-fed and ad libitum controls. It is concluded that prenatal ethanol exposure delays or impairs the development of gluconeogenic enzymes. PMID- 6678760 TI - Gangliosides accelerate rat neonatal learning and levels of cortical acetylcholinesterases. AB - Several studies have shown that exogenous gangliosides can stimulate neurite outgrowth (in vitro), accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration (in vivo) and facilitate CNS recovery after lesioning. Experiments were designed to assess the effects of ganglioside administration on neonatal development. Rat neonates received daily subcutaneous injections of gangliosides from PN day 5 through 15. Learning behavior (acquisition and retention) was facilitated in rats which had received injections of either total, GM1 or GD1b ganglioside. Rats injected with GD1a and GT1b ganglioside were not different from controls. Levels of total AChE activity as well as its 4s and 10s molecular forms in cortex, were assayed at PN days 9, 14, 21 and 28 in rats injected with GM1 ganglioside. These animals had consistently higher levels of enzyme activity as compared to saline controls. It is hypothesized that exogenous gangliosides accelerate CNS maturation. PMID- 6678759 TI - The effect of copper supplementation on the teratogenic effects of triethylenetetramine in rats. AB - Previous research from this laboratory has shown that triethylenetetramine (TETA) fed to rats throughout pregnancy at 0.83% or 1.67% of the diet is teratogenic and results in low copper and high zinc levels in material and fetal tissues. These results suggested that the teratogenic effects of TETA were due to copper deficiency and/or zinc toxicity induced by the drug. In the present study, dams were fed TETA in a control (5 micrograms copper/gm) or copper supplemented (50 micrograms copper/gm) diet throughout pregnancy. Fetuses were removed on day 21 of gestation and examined for abnormalities. Copper supplementation reduced the teratogenicity of TETA; the reduction was correlated with an increase in maternal and fetal tissue copper levels. Copper supplementation did not alter the effects of TETA on tissue zinc levels. Thus TETA teratogenicity appears to be due primarily to induced copper deficiency, which may be reduced by dietary copper supplementation. PMID- 6678761 TI - Mortality, cause of death and social class in the Belfast urban area, 1970. AB - Intra-urban variations in standardised mortality ratios are investigated for Belfast using data extracted from death certificates. Although the standardised mortality ratios do not exhibit a high degree of spatial order, it is observed that they appear to reflect variations in social class. The relationship between social class and each of the major causes of death is investigated at two scale levels: an ecological (i.e. aggregate) level, and the individual level. It is found that there is a relationship between mortality and social class for almost every major cause of death, but that the nature of this relationship varies between causes of death. It is argued that these variations may provide useful clues as to the causes of these diseases. The findings also suggest that the results of studies conducted at only an ecological level need to be interpreted with extreme caution. PMID- 6678762 TI - Toxoplasma gondii--an environmental contaminant. AB - Toxoplasma gondii, the causal agent of toxoplasmosis, is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite which has the potential to infect man and all warm-blooded animals. It has as its definitive host the cat. Infections acquired by the human adult are generally subclinical. However, if acquired for the first time during pregnancy, the parasite can invade the developing foetus. Under these circumstances infection can result in abortion, stillbirth or production of live-born offspring with severe multiple organ involvement. Alternatively, offspring can be symptomless at birth but may manifest neurological and ocular sequelae of toxoplasmosis in later life. The degree of clinical involvement is thought to be dependent upon the time of acquisition of infection by the pregnant female. Recent investigations have been concerned with behavioural aspects of predator prey relationships between cats and rodents. Since these aspects affect the spread of toxoplasmosis in the environment, they have strong epidemiological and ecological implications. Toxoplasma infection in the environment, they have strong epidemiological and ecological implications. Toxoplasma infection in mice is associated with subtle alterations in exploratory behaviour which are almost certainly maladaptive, rendering infected mice more susceptible to predation by cats. Consequently the behavioural abnormalities in mice associated with Toxoplasma infection would be of major importance for the continuation of the life-cycle of the parasite. Ingestion of Toxoplasma-infected mice leads to oocyst production in cats and this opens up the well-known pathway whereby Toxoplasma infection reaches the human species. PMID- 6678763 TI - General practice--a quantitative study, 1. Workload and morbidity variation. AB - A unique continuous 13-year morbidity database provides the foundation for a statistical analysis of general practice in an urban environment. Based on the Royal College of General Practitioners classification of morbidity this paper offers an objective assessment of both the level and variation in morbidity activity in general practice. Specification demographic characteristics of the individual patients are utilised to identify factors which can constrain general practice. Knowledge of such influences may be utilised in practice management and preventative medicine to provide a higher level of primary health care. PMID- 6678764 TI - Environmental parameters in the experimental evaluation of a respiratory aggression. AB - Acute nitrogen normobaric hypoxic challenges, resulting in an approximately 50% overall survival, were performed in young adult male and female heterozygous OF1 mice under various environmental conditions. The time required to obtain 50% survival was 20 min for a constant pO2 of 42 Torr, and 151 min when pO2 was progressively lowered by nitrogen flushing from 159 to 16.5 Torr. In LD12:12 synchronized animals, survival was significantly (P less than 0.001) less when hypoxia was performed during the light (L) than during the dark (D) phase. Lowering the ambient temperature from 33.8 to 13.2 degrees C increased the length of the progressive hypoxia necessary to obtain a 50% survival of the mice by 1.7 times, and diminished the final pO2 from 35 to 12 Torr. Grouping and crowding both decreased hypoxic survival. A previous stress (starvation) diminished hypoxic resistance of mice, while a preceding hypoxia, carbon monoxide inhalation, or sodium cyanide injection had the opposite effect. In all instances, OF1 females were more resistant than males. Most of these variations can be related to differences in respiratory exchanges, locomotor activity and aggressiveness, which are dependent upon the various experimental environmental parameters. PMID- 6678766 TI - Environment and secular changes in modern man. AB - The secular trend of human traits has so far been investigated mostly with respect to the morphological traits, mainly stature and body weight. However, some studies of changes in the physiological and psychomotor traits have also been published. The intergenerational changes concern changes in the development rate, magnitude of traits and sequence of symptoms of development. These changes are mainly due to changes in the environmental conditions, particularly of the living conditions. Another factor--though increasingly less expressed in present day man--consists of genetic determination (especially survival). Migrations changing the gene frequency in populations represent the third factor. In the major part of economically developed countries interpopulational changes continue; in highly industrialized countries no further acceleration of sexual maturation takes place. Some studies from India and certain African countries point to a regression of physical development in children. Since stature and body weight are positive indices of health, they are important from the epidemiological standpoint and should be closely analyzed. This paper describes the findings obtained hitherto in studies performed in Poland or resulting from an analysis of materials from various countries. PMID- 6678765 TI - Ecological approach to cancer epidemiology. AB - Man's influence on the 'environment' is such that it is now largely a product of his social activities. In turn the resulting wide-ranging environmental changes have had a profound effect on the structure of human pathology to which the term 'pathomorphosis' is applied. Lung cancer and stomach cancer are cited as examples of the close links between socially-determined environmental changes (e.g. industrialization, urbanization, changing diets, cigarette smoking) and concrete pathomorphic manifestations. PMID- 6678767 TI - The geographical approach to urban environment-health relationships. AB - The modern city covers a sizeable area and contains communities with a variety of social and occupational backgrounds. The study of the intra-urban variations in health status of city dwellers is considered a worthwhile field of study. The weight of 5321 new-born babies in 24 cells (localities) in different parts of Moscow in 1978 have been examined, as have the incidence of grippe (influenza) and acute respiratory disease during their first year of life. Such health-status parameters have been related to both the general character of the environments within the city and to certain social indicators. Regression analysis reveals the importance and complementary nature of such influences on the health status of the new-born child. PMID- 6678768 TI - Health and disease in a traditional-living tribe in southern Africa. AB - An isolated traditional-living tribe has been identified in Southern Africa. The lifestyle, eating habits and socio-economic conditions have been studied intensively and are being correlated with the pattern of health and disease of the people. Physical examination, urinalyses, biochemical studies and X-ray investigations show a remarkable absence of the diseases normally associated with a Western lifestyle and yet no evidence of malnutrition was found. Those findings are compared with the results of investigations on urbanized black people. The aim of the study is to determine the long-term effects of inevitable westernization on this tribe. PMID- 6678769 TI - Seasonal and monthly variation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other pathogens in bacteremia (1961-1981). AB - Laboratory data, on positive blood cultures, were reviewed for the period 1961 1981. A total of 1809 episodes of bacteremia and fungemia were evaluated as to monthly occurrence. Of these, 42% were due to Gram positive cocci, 51% to Gram negative bacilli, 5% to anaerobes and 2% to yeasts. When seasonal patterns were categorized, most were bi- or multiphasic except Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus which yielded mono- and aphasic patterns, respectively. These results show the occurrence of certain pathogens, like S. pneumoniae, to be linked with seasons or months of the year. PMID- 6678770 TI - Distribution and elimination of o-125I-benzoate in rats. AB - 125I-labelled o-iodobenzoate (OIB) was prepared by means of an isotopic exchange reaction; its distribution and excretion were determined and its pharmacokinetic parameters in rats were calculated. The calculated value of the half-life of OIB elimination was 38.7 +/- 0.7 min, the distribution volume was 278.2 +/- 53.5 ml . kg-1. The rate of elimination activity in urine was in agreement with the above values. On the basis of the developed technique of separation of OIB metabolites by thin-layer chromatography, their relative proportion in rat urine was determined; within 24 h 50% of the eliminated activity was in the original form (as OIB) and the metabolites of o-iodohippurate and o-iodobenzoylglucuronide formed approximately 25% of the activity eliminated in urine each. PMID- 6678771 TI - Compensation of the low-pass filter properties of the current measuring internode in potential-clamped myelinated nerve fibres. AB - The bandwidth of membrane current measurements in potential-clamped Ranvier nodes is limited by the low-pass filter properties of the internodes. If about 35% of the current measuring internode is grounded via an additional electrode, the bandwidth of this internode increases by a factor of about 40. Consequently, in potential clamp experiments the measured time course of the early ionic currents changes markedly, while the duration of the capacity current is shortened. PMID- 6678772 TI - On the capacity current in myelinated nerve fibres. AB - Different equivalent circuits are presented to describe the capacity current, Ic, of potential-clamped Ranvier nodes. The corresponding transfer functions are discussed in examining the influence of the involved parameters on size and time course of Ic. The following results were obtained: i. The duration and the amplitude of Ic increased with increasing membrane capacity. ii. The amplitude of Ic increased with increasing gain or decreasing time constant of the clamp amplifier while its duration was shortened. iii. Similar effects were seen with decreasing resistance in series with the nodal membrane. iv. Qualitatively identical but stronger effects were seen with increasing bandwidth of the current measuring internode. Measurements were carried out under experimental conditions close to the calculated ones. They resembled the calculated curves satisfactorily. PMID- 6678773 TI - A study of the healing-over in the cardiac muscle using suction electrodes. AB - Suction electrodes were used to investigate the phenomenon of the healing-over in preparations of rabbit, cat and dog ventricular muscles. At least two processes were shown to participate in the process of the healing-over: a rapid one (time constant approximately 1 min) and a slow one (time constant approximately 10 min). Procion Yellow dye was used to determine the size of the injured zone under the suction electrode tip. Larger tips resulted in larger zones injured. The specific resistance of the border formed during the healing over was estimated to be in the range of approx. 1 k omega X cm2, i.e. much smaller than that of the intact surface membrane. PMID- 6678774 TI - The effects of glycerol and urea on the ultrastructure and contractility of fast and slow rat skeletal muscles. AB - The influence of the influx and efflux of glycerol and urea (400 mmol/l) on the amplitude of isometric twitches and the ultrastructure of isolated fast (EDL) and slow (SOL) muscles of young rats was studied. The influx of non-electrolytes was accompanied by a temporary decrease in the twitch tension. The removal of non electrolytes resulted in a stable reduction of twitches. Both effects were less pronounced in glycerol experiments on slow muscles. The inhibition of twitches after the removal of non-electrolytes was associated with selective alterations of the T-system: swelling, vacuolation, and lysis of T-tubules. Quantitative analysis of the T-system showed that the extent of these changes may vary for different fibres, and the intensity of morphological alteration of the T-system generally correlated with the degree of twitch inhibition. Reloading of muscles with non-electrolytes tended to improve the T-system structure in some fibres and led to a partial restoration of the amplitude of twitches. PMID- 6678776 TI - The behavior of the fluorescent probe diS-C3-(5) in membrane and aqueous media. AB - Based on an analysis of back fluorometric titration data a partition coefficient, Kp = (5.70 +/- 0.95) x 10(4), and partition constant, K = (2.37 +/- 0.43) x 10(6), were found for the probe diS-C3-(5) in egg lecithin vesicle suspension. The relative probe quantity in an aqueous medium and in liposomes was calculated using these parameters. The number of chromophore states in this system was computer-analysed and it was shown that the probe fluorescence could be described by two fluorescing dye forms, aqueous and membrane monomers. The dependence of fluorescence intensity on the probe concentration was studied in various salt media, and a dimerization (association) constant Ka = 5 x 10(4) mol -1 . l in the buffer, and Ka = (8.1 +/- 1.5) x 10(4) mol-1 . l in 0.1 or 0.2 mol/l salt medium (KCl or NaCl) was found. From the fluorescence and absorption data critical concentrations of the onset of large probe aggregate formation were calculated for various aqueous media. The concentration dependence of the probe fluorescence in the membrane phase was calculated. The critical concentration of interaction characterizing the efficiency of the fluorescence concentration quenching processes (CCI) was found to be approx. 5-6 mol probe per 1000 mol lipid. The top probe concentration in a membrane (the "saturation" concentration) was estimated from the slope of the initial linear parts of the back fluorometric titration curves, and was found to be equal to (59 +/- 13) mol probe per 1000 mol lipid. PMID- 6678775 TI - Effect of the local anesthetic heptacaine hydrochloride on the structured water in model phosphatidylcholine membrane: 2D-NMR and 31P-NMR study. AB - Interaction of the local anesthetic 1[2-(2-heptyloxyphenyl-carbamoyloxy)-ethyl] piperidinium chloride (heptacaine hydrochloride) with a model membrane formed by phosphatidylcholine was studied using 2D-NMR spectra of heavy water and 31P-NMR proton-decoupled and undecoupled spectra of the lipid phosphate group. Heptacaine hydrochloride was found to increase the number of water molecules oriented over the polar region of the membrane, to increase the order parameter of the lipid phosphate group, as well as that of oriented water, and to increase the volume of unoriented water trapped between the bilayers. Heptacaine hydrochloride also affects the temperature dependence of quadrupolar splitting of oriented heavy water deuterons. Heptacaine hydrochloride is suggested to expand the membrane laterally and to charge the membrane surface electrostatically. PMID- 6678777 TI - Electrochemistry of double-stranded complexes of synthetic polyribonucleotides having interferonogenic and antiviral activity. AB - Double-stranded (ds) complexes of poly(C) with poly(G) and poly(G,I) were studied using differential pulse polarography (DPP) and differential pulse voltammetry at a pyrolytic graphite electrode (DPV). The complex formed by copolymer was found to be DPP inactive. On the other hand, poly(G).poly(C) yielded a small DPP peak corresponding to single-stranded (ss) poly(C). It was suggested that ss poly(C) present in the solutions of poly(G).poly(C) appeared due to the existence of segments in poly(G) during the complex-forming process in which guanine residues were unable to be hydrogen-bonded with bases in poly(C). Polynucleotide complexes investigated in this report yielded a DPV peak corresponding to electrooxidation of guanine residues, which was markedly lower than that yielded by ss polymers. Moreover, this DPV peak yielded by the complex prepared from an equimolar mixture of poly(G) and poly(C) was still markedly higher than that yielded by poly(G,I).poly(C), or by poly(G).poly(C) prepared in the excess of poly(C). The lowering of the DPV peak was explained as being particularly due to the presence of the polynucleotide segments with an intact and regular secondary structure. The results of our electrochemical analysis of the complexes investigated were compared with their biological activity reported earlier. This comparison calls attention to the fact that biological effectiveness of these biopolymers may be dependent on details of their secondary structure which may be monitored using the methods of electrochemical analysis. PMID- 6678778 TI - A consideration of the effectiveness of a training camp for autistic children--by means of the new check-list method. PMID- 6678779 TI - Self-mutilative behavior and its treatment in autistic children. PMID- 6678780 TI - Arterial pressure and autonomic regulation of the heart during simulation of strenuous operator activity. PMID- 6678782 TI - Parameters of distribution of ECG R-R intervals used to predict working capacity of a human operator. PMID- 6678781 TI - Dependence of structure of the cardiac rhythm on physical working capacity of athletes. PMID- 6678783 TI - Voluntary control of heart rate by external feedback in normal children and children with infantile cerebral palsy. PMID- 6678784 TI - Reaction of the cardiac rhythm to sensomotor activity of varied difficulty. PMID- 6678785 TI - Predicting hemodynamic responses to isometric exercise. PMID- 6678786 TI - Effect of long-term limitation of human muscular activity in the antiorthostatic position on the skin capillary system. PMID- 6678787 TI - Neuronal correlates of visual stimulus recognition. I. Trend of mean values and dispersions of momentary discharge frequency of human brain neuronal populations during visual stimulus recognition. PMID- 6678788 TI - Neuronal correlates of visual stimulus recognition. II. The study of spatiotemporal correlation between momentary frequencies of spike discharges of human brain neuronal populations during visual stimulus recognition. PMID- 6678789 TI - Dependence of recognition time of meaningful photic stimuli on spatiotemporal organization of brain potentials. PMID- 6678790 TI - Manifestation of pathological inertia of fixation during perception of complex patterns. PMID- 6678792 TI - Effect of 8-arginine-vasopressin during adaptation to hyperthermia. PMID- 6678791 TI - Effect of arginine-vasopressin neuropeptide on human tolerance of a hot dry environment. PMID- 6678793 TI - Use of methods of destabilization of a stable pathological state in the investigation and treatment of stuttering. PMID- 6678794 TI - Hypothesis: macrophages as effector cells for human tumor destruction mediated by monoclonal antibody. PMID- 6678795 TI - Characterization of murine hemopoietic cells using rat anti-mouse monoclonal antibodies. AB - Three rat anti-mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with different populations of cells in mouse bone marrow have been extensively characterized with respect to their binding to cells in the lymphohemopoietic system. One antibody identifies lymphocytes committed exclusively to the B lineage. A second antibody identifies cells of the myeloid lineage including granulocytes and macrophages. The third antibody binds to nearly all of the bone marrow cells including erythrocytes, however, quantitative differences in antigenic expression allows the discrimination between early and late erythroid cells and can be used to purify eosinophils. The differential binding of these three monoclonal antibodies to mature cells, immature cells and progenitor cells (CFU-S, CFU-C (GM), BFU-E, and CFU-E) permits the construction of a scheme of lymphohemopoietic differentiation based on the expression of three cell surface antigens. PMID- 6678796 TI - Contamination of polyethylene glycol with aldehydes: implications for hybridoma fusion. AB - Data presented indicate that polyethylene glycol 1000 to be used for hybridoma production should be odorless at the time of purchase and should be stored at reduced temperatures in the absence of light. The optimal method of sterilization is by pressure filtration of the diluted PEG solution. PMID- 6678797 TI - Clonal isolation of hybridomas by manual single-cell isolation. PMID- 6678798 TI - Direct binding of radioiodinated monoclonal antibody to tumor cells: significance of antibody purity and affinity for drug targeting or tumor imaging. AB - For MoAb to be used efficiently for drug targeting and tumor imaging, the fraction of antibody binding to tumor cells must be maximized. We have studied the binding of 125I MoAb in three different tumor systems. The fraction of antibody that could be bound to the cell surface was directly proportional to the antibody purity. The affinity constant also limits the fraction of antibody that can bind to cells at a given antigen concentration. Rearrangement of the standard expression for univalent equilibrium binding between two reactants shows that in antigen excess, the maximum fraction of antibody that can bind (formula; see text). Binding data using four different MoAb with three cell systems confirm this relationship. Estimates for reasonable concentrations of tumor antigens in vivo indicate that antibodies with binding constants less than 10(8) M-1 are not likely to be useful for drug targeting or tumor imaging. PMID- 6678799 TI - Effect of mitogenic stimulation of murine splenocytes on PEG-induced cell fusion. AB - A cell fusion assay system was devised as a means of measuring cell activation. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to induce fusion between spleen cells of various mouse strains and the BW5147 thymoma cell line. A fusion index (FI) was calculated by determining the ratio of the number of nuclei in fused cells to the number of nuclei in all cells and multiplying by 100 (the FI could range from 0 to 100). Spleen cells from BALB/c mice were compared in PEG-induced fusion assays. BALB/c spleen cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, leucoagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen and LPS showed FI two- to three-fold higher than those found in unstimulated cultures, indicating that stimulated cells fuse at much higher rates. This response is mitogen dose-dependent and parallels DNA synthesis as measured by 3H-TdR incorporation. Treatment of spleen cells with cycloheximide 12 h prior to fusion had no effect on FI. In vivo and in vitro stimulation of BALB/c, C57BL/6 and NZW mice with LPS resulted in enhanced FI. This was not the case in low-responder DBA/2 and nonresponder C3H/HeJ animals. PMID- 6678800 TI - Testing of monoclonal antibody specificity. PMID- 6678801 TI - Rat hybridoma technology: culturing of rat myeloma cell line IR983F prior to cell fusion. AB - The nonsecreting IR983F rat myeloma cell line grew exponentially with a mean generation time of 16 h when reset daily at 5 X 10(5) cells/ml in culture medium with horse serum. High yields of rat-rat hybrids were systematically obtained when fusing exponentially growing IR983F cells with syngeneic immune spleen cells. The yields of hybrids secreting specific antibodies varied greatly according to the immunisation procedure. In the best conditions, 22 hybrids secreting anti-human leukocyte antibodies were recovered per 10(7) plated cells. PMID- 6678802 TI - Human X (mouse X human) hybridomas stably producing human antibodies. AB - A method is described for constructing mouse heterohybridomas producing human monoclonal antibody with a high stability. The essence of the method is the use of a nonsecretor mouse X human hybridoma which has been made 8-azaguanine resistant as a fusion parent for construction of (mouse X human) X human hybridomas. The production of four human anti-influenza antibodies is described. The cells have now been maintained for more than 22 months in culture. PMID- 6678803 TI - Novel approach to construction of human "myeloma analogues" for production of human monoclonal antibodies. AB - The production of human monoclonal antibodies has been impeded by the lack of human myeloma cell lines which grow easily, fuse efficiently, clone readily, and continuously secrete large amounts of antibody. A cell line, HM 2.0, was constructed by fusing a HAT-sensitive, nonsecreting, human myeloma cell line, LSM 1.2, with cells from a patient with plasma cell leukemia. In marked contrast to LSM 1.2, which could not support the secretion of immunoglobulin, fusion of HM 2.0 with cells from spleen or peripheral blood routinely resulted in the secretion of antibody to pneumococcal polysaccharides and tetanus toxoid. The fusion efficiency of HM 2.0, as measured by growth of colonies, was greater than 1 per 1.2 X 10(3) peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the number of hybrids secreting specific antibody was greater than 1 per 1.1 X 10(5) mononuclear cells from immunized individuals. This is an improvement over our previously described human "myeloma analogue" LSM 2.7, derived by fusion of a HAT-sensitive, nonsecreting human myeloma cell line, LSM 1.1, with cells from a normal donor, as well as all previously described human lymphoblastoid and myeloma cell lines. These results demonstrate that somatic cell hybridization can be used to modify an existing cell line in such a manner as to yield a "new" cell line with the attributes necessary for the production of human monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6678804 TI - Monoclonal antibody to human eosinophils recognizing 95 kD surface membrane antigen. AB - Mice were immunized with purified eosinophils obtained from patients with the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. A hybridoma initially producing an IgM antibody which switched to an IgG1 antibody was selected for cloning and further testing. This IgG1 antibody reacted with human eosinophils, granulocytes, monocytes and large granular lymphocytes, but did not react with T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, or a panel of human leukemia cells and cell lines. Bone marrow analysis revealed staining of myeloid precursor cells but not erythroid precursors or plasma cells. This IgG1 antibody had no effect on aggregation of granulocytes, lysozyme release, superoxide production, chemotaxis, or killing activity; however, there was some stimulation of beta-glucuronidase secretion. While the antibody did not augment the killing of Staphylococcus aureus by granulocytes, the antibody itself was bactericidal. By immunoprecipitation of granulocytes, eosinophils and monocytes, a molecule with a molecular weight of 95 kD was identified. PMID- 6678805 TI - Simple immunization protocol for high frequency production of soluble antigen specific hybridomas. AB - We report the immunization protocol used to produce high frequency of specific hybridomas secreting defined antibodies against soluble proteins. The two immunization schemes used consist in 1300 and 115 micrograms of protein distributed over a period of two weeks. The specific efficiency (SE) of positive clones recovered in eleven different fusion experiments ranged between 0.52 and 0.78. These values are referred to hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against soluble proteins such as human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS), human growth hormone (hGH), and human prostatic acid phosphatase (hPAP). Similar high SE were also recovered by immunizing mice with nonsoluble antigens such as intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton (IF). PMID- 6678807 TI - Presidential address. 27th annual conference IPHA, January 28-30, 1983, Nagpur. PMID- 6678806 TI - Health for all through medical education. Dr. B. C. Das Gupta Memorial Oration 1982. PMID- 6678808 TI - Immunology and Hansen's disease. PMID- 6678809 TI - [Hansen's disease and cancer]. AB - The number of patients treated for hanseniasis and cancer in Israel is not sufficient for a statistical analysis. A general conclusion about the incidence of cancer in hanseniasis patients has not been reached. The data presented may be perhaps useful for a comparison with those of other researchers interested in the subject. PMID- 6678810 TI - [Histopathological study of the cubital epineurium in patients with undifferentiated forms of Hansen's disease]. AB - Twelve hanseniasis patients, undifferentiated group, with negative bacilloscopy and having undergone no prior treatment, were submitted to a biopsy of the cubial epineurium for histopathological study. All subjects were clinically observed after one month, and six of them were examined 4 to 5 years afterwards. Histopathology of the epineurium presented acid-fast bacilli in one patient and tuberculoid granuloma formation tendency in another. Epineural thickening was observed in nine patients and perivascular lymphomonocuclear inflammatory infiltration in six. The clinical examination after 1 month in the 12 patients as well as after 4 to 5 years in 6 of them, demonstrated innocuousness of the performed biopsy. Four to five years after the initial observation, the clinical examination showed that two patients who remained Mitsuda negative did not present histopathologically thickened epineurium at the beginning, while in four patients who then presented positive Mitsuda, the initial histopathological examination showed epineural thickening. Among the nine patients having a histopathologically thickened epineurium, six did not present initial lesions in the upper limbs. Therefore, the study of the cubital epineurium early thickening deserves special mention, and should be performed in a larger number of patients, as well as in control groups, since the follow-up of four among six patients showed epineural thickening and reversal of the Mitsuda reactions to positivity. PMID- 6678811 TI - [The ether test in leprology]. AB - The author introduces a new diagnostic technique to test skin sensitivity in hanseniasis. Sulphuric ether boils at 35 degrees C, i.e., practically at skin temperature. One gram of vaporized ether applied to the skin substracts 90 calories and causes a clear ice-cold sensation. By touching the cooled area with his fingertip the observer provokes a warm sensation. In hyposthetic skin that sensation of cold is diminished and in anesthetic areas there is no feeling of cold at all with this ether technique. The test is made with a small cotton ball wetted in sulphuric ether, which is lightly passed over the patient's skin. The subjective cooling sensation depends on the patient's information but sometimes it is accompanied by an objective "goose skin" aspect, which is especially useful when testing children and other non-cooperative persons. The technique is quite simple and much more practical and precise than the classic warm/cold tubes. It permits the mapping of the whole skin surface for disesthesic areas in a few minutes. Precautions regarding the use of ether are given. PMID- 6678812 TI - Lack of wrinkle formation in the fingertips of patients with Hansen's disease. Confirmation of previous observations. AB - Immersion of a hand in water at 38-40 degrees C for half an hour was performed in two phases with a one year interval in 38 patients with Hansen's disease and 20 controls. In all 20 controls wrinkles were produced. However, 32 of the 38 patients failed to show wrinkles in the fingertips. In 12, who participated in both phases, results of the second test confirmed those of the first. This may be an indication of irreversible damage. Due to the small number of individuals tested, no conclusions may be drawn in reference to groups and types of the disease. Provided that these results can be confirmed in larger groups of patients, this method could prove to be a tool in the diagnosis of Hansen's disease. Since the test is very easy to perform, it would be of great value in areas far from specialized medical centers. PMID- 6678813 TI - [Thalassemia and Hansen's disease]. AB - The beta-thalassemia trait was investigated among 165 Brazilians who were unmixed Italian descendants (80 Virchowian patients and 85 normal controls, composed of universitary students). The frequency of the beta-thalassemia trait was 6.25% among the Virchowian patients and 5.88% in the control group. In spite of the similar geographical distribution of both hanseniasis and the gene for beta thalassemia in Asia, the present data does not support the hypothesis that hanseniasis might have contributed to maintain high prevalence of this allele by selection favouring beta-thalassemia trait. PMID- 6678814 TI - [The tendon test of the tibial nerve in Hansen's disease]. AB - Seventeen patients, presenting Hansen's disease, were studied by the Tendon-test. Nine presented pathological answers and 4 did not answer at all, probably due to serious damage. So the amount of pathological answers reached to 76.5% (13 patients). On the other hand, the answer of two patients was considered within the limits and they were classified with the normal answering patients that reached to 23.5% (4 patients). In order to find out if the tibial nerves are also injured simultaneously wit the ulnar and the median ones, it is advisable to employ this method in a larger number of patients and in a different social geographical environment. PMID- 6678815 TI - [Histopathology of the Mitsuda reaction in healthy adults not in contact with Hansen's disease patients]. AB - A detailed study on the histopathology of Mitsuda's reaction was made in 100 adult non-contact hanseniasis patients inoculated with lepromin A (armadillo). It was found that the histological structure of Mitsuda's reaction with lepromin A does not differ from the one observed with lepromin H. There is also no difference between the histological picture observed in healthy non-contacts and the one found in tuberculoid patients and in contact healthy persons. Mitsuda's reaction in non-contact hanseniasis patients presented variations of histological degree--Classes O (-) I (+/-) II (+) III (++) IV ( )--from no inflammatory reaction and positive bacilli, until formation of a complete tuberculoid granuloma and absence of bacilli. In 97% of the cases reaction was positive. Class III, i.e., represented by incomplete tuberculoid granuloma formed by epithelioid cells with follicular arrangement and lymphocytic halo, predominated in the series (42%). The findings of this research state, once again, that an efficient result of the Mitsuda's reaction depends fundamentally of the histological examination, since in only 16 cases the clinical reading coincided with histopathology. Disaccordance found on the remaining 84 cases was attributed to the secondary alterations (necrosis and suppuration) associated to the histological structure of the Mitsuda reaction follows the Jadassohn-Lewandowsky law and are in accordance with the morphological concept and classification of polar granulomas proposed by Michalany & Michalany. PMID- 6678816 TI - [The state of Hansen's disease endemy after the institution of the health and sanitation action program in the State of Paraiba]. AB - An epidemiological study of hanseniasis carried on in the State of Paraiba, Brazil, after the establishment of a program of health and sanitation is presented. It is based on reports and statistical data gathered by the regional health centers during 1981. PMID- 6678817 TI - [Clinical and epidemiological evaluation of Hansen's disease August 1937 to December 1980 in the Sanitary Dermatology Service of the Health Center of Campos, RJ]. AB - Resulting from the the research that has been performed in the Health Center of Campos--RJ, Sanitary Dermatology Service, a total of 854 cases of Hansen's disease were analysed in its principal clinical and epidemiological aspects, in the period from August 1937 until December 1980. PMID- 6678818 TI - [Health education in Hansen's disease]. AB - The importance of sanitary education in the prophylaxis of Hansen's disease is emphasized and the educational programs concerning Hansen's disease developed only to physicians, other professionals in the medical area, patients and contacts is suggested since the people in general are not interested in these sorts of campaign. It is also stressed that the patients that are adequately informed may become efficient collaborators in the discovery of new cases and in the prophylaxis of this disease. PMID- 6678819 TI - Our fight against leprostigma will be limited to Brazil. PMID- 6678820 TI - The effects of pentolinium on sympathetic activity in hypertensives and normotensive controls. AB - The effects of pentolinium tartrate 2.5 mg i.v. on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were studied in 21 hypertensives and in 20 normal controls. Mean basal catecholamine concentrations and the extent of their suppression by pentolinium were similar in both groups. The reductions in both plasma catecholamine levels correlated with the prepentolinium values. Supine systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced and there was a small increase in heart rate. These data support the use of plasma noradrenaline as an index of sympathetic activity but are inconsistent with the hypothesis that essential hypertension is associated with hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 6678821 TI - Fenfluramine lowers plasma norepinephrine in overweight subjects. AB - The effect of fenfluramine on sympathetic nervous system activity was determined in 12 normotensive, obese men. Supine plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentrations decreased (p less than 0.001) from pretherapy levels (298 +/- 39 pg/ml) after one (166 +/- 30 pg/ml) and four weeks (171 +/- 28 pg/ml) of fenfluramine (60 mg daily). Fenfluramine did not alter the sympathetic nervous system responses to orthostasis or exercise. Fenfluramine-induced decreases in heart rate (72 +/- 3 to 67 +/- 4 beats/min, p less than 0.01) and mean arterial blood pressure (90 +/- 2 to 81 +/- 2 mmHg; p less than 0.005) were observed after only one week of therapy despite no significant change in body weight. We conclude that fenfluramine may be a useful agent in the treatment of patients with sympathetic hyperactivity. The effects of fenfluramine on given subsets of patients and control subjects are also defined. PMID- 6678822 TI - A comparative study of centbucridine and lidocaine in dental extraction. AB - A randomized double-blind study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of centbucridine (0.5%) with those of lidocaine (2%) as an anaesthetic agent was conducted in the dental outpatient department on patients attending for dental extraction. One hundred and twenty patients were studied. The degree of analgesia attained with centbucridine compared well with that obtained with lidocaine. The compound was well tolerated with no significant changes in the cardiovascular parameters and no serious side-effects. PMID- 6678823 TI - Evaluation of domifen bromide in the treatment of acute infectious oral diseases. AB - By means of a double blind, placebo controlled trial, we have studied 29 patients (14 M and 15 F) affected by different acute infectious oral diseases. Our results suggest that domifen bromide may be useful in treating infectious oral diseases in combination with antibiotics, and in relieving pain and inflammation. PMID- 6678824 TI - Efficacy of Dilazep in patients with previous myocardial infarction participating in a cardiac rehabilitation programme. AB - The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Dilazep, a new antiplatelet and coronary dilating drug, on the exercise tolerance of patients who had suffered previous myocardial infarction and were participating in a cardiac rehabilitation programme. Seventy-two patients were enrolled in the study. They were randomly allocated to two groups of 36 subjects; patients in group A took Dilazep, 300 mg daily; patients in group B took acetylsalicylic acid, 100 mg daily, or dipyridamole, 300 mg daily. Before and after treatment all patients underwent two maximal or symptom limited cycloergometer stress tests, respectively 30 and 60 days after the episode of acute myocardial infarction. Total exercise time, maximum workload reached, heart rate, blood pressure, double product and oxygen pulse were measured. In both groups a significant increase in both total exercise time and maximum workload reached was recorded at the second stress test; this may reflect a greater degree of physical conditioning due to the rehabilitation programme. In group A patients total exercise time increased from 457.12 +/- 5.36 sec to 588.28 +/- 8.24 sec (p less than 0.005), in group B patients it increased from 459.18 +/- 6.11 sec to 547.43 +/- 7.47 sec (p less than 0.005). The mean values of maximum workload reached increased in group A from 4512.14 +/- 116.47 kgm to 5288.57 +/- 145.38 kgm (p less than 0.005), and in group B from 4522.22 +/- 108.42 kgm to 5098 +/- 137.51 kgm (p less than 0.005). Thus the exercise tolerance improved more in patients taking Dilazep than in those taking acetylsalicylic acid or dipyridamole.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6678825 TI - Antiproliferative properties of bromocryptine (CB-154) on human cells: a further rationale for medical management of pituitary macroadenomas. AB - In recent years an antimitotic effect has been observed in animal studies for bromocryptine, an ergot-alkaloid derivative. In this paper a case of severe leucopenia in a hyperprolactinaemic woman on chronic bromocryptine treatment is reported. Furthermore, results are reported of an experimental study carried out in vitro on blood lymphocytes from healthy human donors. The suggested cytostatic activity of bromocryptine was studied by evaluating the effects of progressively increasing doses (1, 5, 20 micrograms) of the drug on methyl-[3H]-thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes. A significant reduction of thymidine incorporation was observed corresponding to the increase of the bromocryptine dose which had been added to the cultures. With only 20 micrograms of bromocryptine the viability of cells was reduced by 50%. These results, which demonstrate that bromocryptine has an inhibitory action on DNA synthesis of cultured lymphocytes, suggest that it is justified to employ bromocryptine for medical therapy of large prolactinomas, in order to favour the subsequent surgical approach to these tumours. PMID- 6678827 TI - Effects of oral methoxy-psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) on liver function and antipyrin kinetics. AB - Standard liver function tests and antipyrin kinetics were studied in 19 non alcoholic patients before and after a four-week PUVA treatment with oral methoxy psoralen. Whereas liver function remained normal in all subjects, antipyrin clearance was significantly reduced at the end of PUVA therapy. Although the mechanism of this pharmacological effect remains unclarified, these results suggest that there is considerable potential for interactions to occur with other drugs metabolized by the same hepatic pathways (cytochrome P 450) in patients undergoing PUVA therapy. PMID- 6678826 TI - The effects of midazolam in conjunction with alcohol on sleep, psychomotor performance and car driving ability. AB - The acute and early morning effects of midazolam 15mg and alcohol 0.5g/kg on subjective measures of CNS activity, psychomotor performance and car driving ability were investigated in eight healthy female volunteers. One hour following treatment with midazolam and midazolam + alcohol, critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT) was significantly depressed and subjects perceived themselves as feeling more sedated when compared to treatment with placebo or alcohol alone. Perceived ease of getting to sleep (GTS) was also improved by midazolam and the midazolam + alcohol combination. Stimulus processing time was significantly increased at one hour after treatment by midazolam taken in conjunction with alcohol, thus resulting in an overall increase in total reaction time. On the morning following administration, both "on the road" assessments of car driving ability and laboratory tests of psychomotor performance were unaffected by any of the treatment conditions. Midazolam 15mg was found to be an effective sleep inducer with no evidence of residual or "hangover" effects, although the drug's hypnotic activity may be augmented by social doses of alcohol. PMID- 6678828 TI - Cefoperazone pharmacokinetics and sputum levels after single/multiple i.m. injections in bronchopneumopathic patients and bone, pulmonary and prostatic tissue penetration. AB - Cefoperazone is a third-generation semisynthetic injectable cephalosporin. It has been reported that cefoperazone has beta-lactamase resistance and quite a broad antimicrobial spectrum against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms and most anaerobes. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone were examined in a group of 10 patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, with purulent or mucopurulent expectorations. Cefoperazone was administered at the dose of 1 g i.m. every 12 hours. Serum and urinary parameters and the profile of bronchial mucus diffusion were assessed after the first administration and during the whole period of treatment which lasted for 7 days. In a second, third, and fourth group of volunteer patients who had to undergo surgical operations, bone, lung and prostatic penetration of cefoperazone was determined in correlation with serum levels. PMID- 6678829 TI - HDL-cholesterol increase in normolipaemic subjects on khellin: a pilot study. AB - An evaluation has been made of the action of khellin, a furochromone derivative from Ammi visnaga, at the dose of 50 mg q.i.d. during four weeks, on the plasma lipids of 20 non-obese normolipaemic male subjects after a placebo period of two weeks. The plasma lipids were measured each week and one week after discontinuation of treatment; 14 subjects were evaluable. Plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations remained unchanged throughout the study, whereas HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased from the first week until one week post-medication. A lowering of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was shown during the same period. No specific effect on plasma LCAT activity was obtained. Compliance, checked by the plasma khellin determination, was good. Some untoward effects were observed. Nausea and vomiting were responsible for the withdrawal of four volunteers, and elevation of SGOT and SGPT for that of two others. It can be concluded that khellin at this dosage induces an important shift of cholesterol to the HDL fraction which is maintained until one week post medication. PMID- 6678830 TI - Effects of hydrochlorothiazide combined with amiloride in atenolol-resistant hypertensive patients. AB - Twenty hypertensive outpatients WHO stage I or II, with supine diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mmHg at the end of a 4-week treatment period with atenolol (Tenormin) 100 mg daily, continued atenolol in free association with half a tablet of Moduretic (i.e., hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg + amiloride 2.5 mg) for a further 4 weeks. Atenolol monotherapy induced a drop of systolic blood pressure from 175.0 +/- 11 (mean +/- s.d.) mmHg to 158.7 +/- 6 mmHg (p less than 0.01), and of diastolic blood pressure from 113.5 +/- 8 mmHg to 102.7 +/- 5 mmHg (p less than 0.01). After 4 weeks with atenolol in association with half a tablet of Moduretic, systolic blood pressure further decreased to 145.7 +/- 8 mmHg (p less than 0.01), and diastolic blood pressure to 90.2 +/- 10 mmHg (p less than 0.01). Seven out of 20 patients remained with diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mmHg despite the above combination therapy. In these patients, the doubling of diuretic dose (hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg + amiloride 5 mg) in combination with atenolol resulted in a further drop in systolic pressure (to 142.1 +/- 9 mmHg) and diastolic (to 92.1 +/- 6 mmHg) (both p less than 0.01). Plasma potassium concentration showed a slight and non-significant increase during atenolol monotherapy (from 4.4 +/- 0.5 mEq/l to 4.6 +/- 0.7 mEq/l; n.s.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6678831 TI - Pressure and humoral changes induced by atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide + amiloride, alone and in free combination. A comparative between-patient study. AB - The authors have performed a between-patient study in 76 patients with mild or moderate essential arterial hypertension, with the aim of comparing the results of atenolol 100 mg daily, hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg + amiloride 5 mg 1 tablet daily, and the combination of the above two agents at the same daily doses. Thirty-one patients received the free combination diuretic-beta-blocker throughout the study period; 26 patients non-responders to atenolol 100 mg daily (supine diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg) after a one-month treatment period received the above combination for a further four months; and 19 patients non-responders to hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg + amiloride 5 mg, 1 tablet daily, after a one-month treatment period received the above combination for a further four months. In the patients who were non-responders to either atenolol or the diuretic, supine and upright blood pressure showed a further and clinically consistent decrease as a result of the combination therapy. A similar consistent decrease was seen in the patients receiving the combination therapy throughout the study. Plasma levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and uric acid were not modified either by the single agents or during administration of the combination therapy. In particular, plasma potassium concentration did not show any statistical or clinical changes. Any side-effects were of little clinical importance and never required discontinuation of therapy. In conclusion, atenolol combined with hydrochlorothiazide + amiloride (100 mg + 50 mg + 5 mg) provides an effective and well tolerated blood pressure control in most patients with mild or moderate arterial hypertension, including non responders to diuretic or beta-blocker alone. PMID- 6678832 TI - International symposium on drug metabolism and the liver. Mariemont, Belgium, 12 13 November, 1983. PMID- 6678833 TI - Potentiation of carbon-tetrachloride hepato-nephrotoxicity by phenobarbital in man, a case report. AB - A 47 year-old male epileptic who had been treated for eight years with variable doses of phenobarbital and valproate was hospitalized in the intensive care unit with the following clinical and biological features: coma grade 2, metabolic acidosis, acute renal and hepatic failure. The recent clinical history revealed that he had been using CCl4 to clean paintings for the last three days in a confined atmosphere. Upon admission, the recent absorption of CCl4 was confirmed by the detection of the solvent in blood and adipose tissue. Cellular lipoperoxidation was suggested by the presence of an increased concentration of pentane in expired air. Evidence of microsomal enzyme induction was provided by the relative preservation of aminopyrine demethylation as indicated by the 14C aminopyrine breath test and also by the morphological evidence of endoplasmic reticulum proliferation at liver biopsy. Supportive therapy, repeated haemodialysis and administration of antioxidant drugs resulted in a complete recovery. The unusual severity of CCl4-induced liver and renal injury observed in this case is best explained by the induction of CCl4 microsomal activation due to phenobarbital therapy. PMID- 6678834 TI - Hepatic lipid peroxidation: caused by acute drug intoxication, prevented by liposomal glutathione. AB - Acute intoxication of mice with high doses of paracetamol (acetaminophen, 4 hydroxyacetanilide) led to a dose-dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO) measured in vivo by ethane exhalation and in vitro by malondialdehyde formation and glutathione depletion. Induction of microsomal enzymes enhanced LPO, inhibition of the monooxygenase systems totally suppressed it. Other drugs activated in phase I, i.e., furosemide, ethylmorphine or aminopyrine acted similarly if the phase II conjugation to glutathione was paralysed by glutathione depletion with diethylmaleate. The concept of lipid peroxidation being an early causal event in hepatocellular destruction was further examined experimentally: 1) Animals with alimentary selenium deficiency lacking liver selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity were much more susceptible to paracetamol-induced liver necrosis and LPO. 2) Normally fed animals were totally resistant when pretreated by intravenous liposomally entrapped glutathione. Administration of free glutathione led to a similar increase in hepatic glutathione content but the animals were much less protected. 3) Isolated perfused mouse liver released quantitatively similar amounts of ethane upon perfusion of paracetamol. The hydrocarbon evolution was reversible and preceded cell disintegration monitored by release of lactate dehydrogenase. 4) The few human data available indicate that man has a much lower activity of hydroperoxide metabolizing enzymes and much less glutathione. The results suggest an involvement of lipid peroxidation in acute chemical primary lesions. A general pathogenic mechanism for liver injury cannot be derived at present from the data available. PMID- 6678835 TI - Single administration of atenolol does not influence the kinetics of orally given isosorbide dinitrate. AB - In eight subjects, plasma concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate and its mononitrates after oral administration of 10 mg isosorbide dinitrate were measured on two occasions, once with and once without previous administration of a single dose of atenolol 100 mg. There were no significant changes either in plasma concentration at different times after administration, or in peak plasma concentrations or in area under the curve of the isosorbide dinitrate and mononitrates. PMID- 6678836 TI - Spontaneous arteriolar vasomotion as a determinant of peripheral vascular resistance. AB - Spontaneous changes of diameter in small arteries and arterioles were studied in the hamster skin fold chamber preparation, which allows to observe the microcirculation without acute exposure and anesthesia. Continuous measurements of diameter were made when the preparation appeared to be physiologically normal according to preset criteria. 89% of the arterial vessels studied showed spontaneous changes in diameter. The activity was prevalently periodic with 29% of the vessels exhibiting random changes in diameter. The amplitude of the periodic activity expressed as a percentage of the mean diameter increases in proportion to the vessel size, arterial vessels in the 40-100 micron diameter range exhibit amplitudes of the order of 10-20%. The smallest arterioles show changes as large as 100% of mean diameter, which cause these vessels to become temporarily occluded. This phenomenon is analyzed in terms of its effect on peripheral vascular resistance by means of an analytical model that assumes vasomotion to be a periodic phenomenon. It is shown that the presence of time dependent changes in vessels diameter similar to those observed, has an important effect on peripheral vascular resistance. PMID- 6678837 TI - Measurement of blood flow in rat liver with Xenon-133. AB - The blood flow in rat liver was measured with Xe-133. Three techniques for administering the activity to the liver were employed: injection via the portal vein, via the hepatic artery, and directly into the liver parenchyma. Use of intraparenchymal injection of Xe-133 gave 60% higher flow values than by portal or arterial injection techniques. Mean flow index (k1) was for portal injection 0.52, for arterial injection 0.51 and for intraparenchymal injection 0.80. These variations may be explained by the microcirculatory anatomy of the rat liver. The data presented have a high degree of variance between repeated experiments on the same animal. During an experimental procedure, only larger changes in the liver blood flow pattern can be detected with sufficient accuracy. For this purpose, the method is applicable since repeated and regional studies on the same organ can easily be performed. PMID- 6678838 TI - Microangiodynamics, peripheral vascular resistance and the normal microcirculation. PMID- 6678839 TI - Hepatic microvascular regulatory mechanisms. III. Aminergic mechanisms as related to mast cells. AB - The responses of the hepatic microvasculature to aminergic stimulation were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with urethane or pentobarbital. Various concentrations (10(-10)-10(-4) g/ml) of serotonin, histamine or compound 48/80 (a mast cell degranulator) alone or in combination with appropriate blockers were administered topically to the livers of these rats while changes in the microvasculature were measured for a period of 15 min using in vivo microscopic methods. The influence of compound 48/80 on hepatic mast cells was verified by histochemical methods. Histamine induced dilatation of portal venules which was not antagonized by diphenhydramine (H1-blocker) or metiamide (H2 blocker). Constriction was produced by serotonin in sinusoids and by 48/80 in sinusoids and central venules, but not in other parts of the microvasculature. Vasoconstriction was accompanied by enlargement and bulging of the nuclear region of cells lining sinusoids. Concomitantly, platelets and leukocytes adhered to the endothelium of sinusoids, and central and sublobular venules. None of these responses was antagonized by methysergide. Given these results and histochemical demonstration of the release of mast cell constituents following 48/80-induced degranulation, it is hypothesized that the responses in sinusoids and hepatic venules are mediated by serotonin and other mast cell constituents (e.g., prostaglandins, PAF, heparin), but at sites other than histamine and serotonin specific receptors. These results support the involvement of mast cell constituents in hepatic microvascular regulatory mechanisms. PMID- 6678840 TI - A transparent transcutaneous oxygen electrode for simultaneous studies of skin capillary morphology, flow dynamics and oxygenation. AB - Transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) measurements have become a standard method for a monitoring arterial PO2 of patients with cardio-respiratory problems. Direct heating of a silver/silverchloride anode induces a local hyperemia of the skin, which permits measurements of PO2 on the skin surface polarographically. This technique has been applied recently to quantify skin variability in peripheral arterial occlusive disease, to predict the optimal amputation level or skin transplant survival. However, so far local capillary morphology could not be correlated to tcPO2 data. The purpose of the newly developed electrode was to abolish this disadvantage and to be able to correlate capillary morphology and distribution to local tcPO2 by means of videomicroscopy or dynamic fluorescence videomicroscopy. The middle part of the new electrode consists of a glass cylinder (diameter 4.5 mm) and only one 15 micron Platinum cathode, which provides a negligible O2-consumption of the electrode itself (approx. 5.5 x 10( 3) mmHg/min). The careful optical grinding of the glass cylinder gives a good transparency for observing the capillaries through the incident light microscope of the videomicroscopy system. The electrode is covered by a 25 micron Teflon membrane, which also constitutes no essential optical barrier. By focusing at the tip of the Platinum cathode and the adjacent capillaries the distance between both objects or the intercapillary distance can be measured. The new combined system of transcutaneous PO2 measurements and simultaneous videomicroscopy has great potential as a practical method to provide new insights into local skin oxygen supply and the local microcirculatory flow distribution and capillary morphology. PMID- 6678841 TI - The microvasculature and gastric luminal pH of the forestomach of the rat: a comparison with the glandular stomach. AB - The microvasculature of the rat forestomach was compared with that of the glandular stomach using scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and conventional transmission electron microscopy. The forestomach stratified mucosa is relatively poorly vascularized, having a simple 2 dimensional array of continuous capillaries located subepithelially. This contrasts with the extensive mucosal microvascular network of the glandular stomach, where fenestrated capillaries are closer to adjacent cells. pH measurements were taken at the mid forestomach luminal surface and midfundic luminal surface of the glandular stomach. The H+ concentration was 200 x lower at the forestomach luminal surface. There was always food within the stomach. The pH of the food bolus, which extended throughout the stomach, reflected the pH of the adjacent mucosa. Because of their microvascular differences, the portal transport of HCO3- purported to protect the glandular mucosa from luminal acidity cannot operate at the forestomach mucosa. We speculate that the low forestomach acidity results from the buffering action of the food bolus and that the anatomically distinct dividing ridge restricts direct access of fundic secretions to the forestomach mucosa. PMID- 6678842 TI - The use of fluorescent labeled erythrocytes for intravital investigation of flow and local hematocrit in glomerular capillaries in the rat. AB - Fluorescence labeled erythrocytes are suitable markers for red cell velocity and red cell flux through glomerular capillaries in incident light fluorescence microscopy. Mean velocity of the labeled cells was measured from a video recording with a microprocessor using a modified dual slit photometric technic. Red cell flux through the capillary was derived from the labeled cell frequency in capillary flow and systemic concentration of the fluorescent cells. The capillary diameters could be determined after staining plasma with fluorescence labeled dextran. The dynamic hematocrit (HMICRO) was calculated by the ratio of red cell flux to the product of red cell velocity and luminal cross section and varied between +28 and -51% from the corresponding systemic value. PMID- 6678843 TI - Effects of cardiac contraction on segmental coronary resistances and collateral perfusion. AB - This study examined the reactions of coronary arteries and microvessels to changes in left ventricular pressure, as well as their significance for collateral circulation. Collateral perfusion pressure was measured as peripheral coronary pressure of an occluded coronary artery after embolisation of its terminal vascular bed with 20 micron microspheres in 9 anesthetized dogs. With measurement of collateral perfusion pressure it was then possible to determine the segmental coronary resistances of the coronary arteries and the microvasculature. Left ventricular pressure was increased by aortic clamping during autoregulation and after maximal pharmacological dilation of the coronary circulation. During autoregulation, the increase in left ventricular pressure induced a resistance decrease mainly in the postcollateral microvessels. With maximal vasodilation, the increase in left ventricular pressure induced a resistance increase mainly in the postcollateral microvessels. Finally with ventricular fibrillation, the resistance of the postcollateral microvasculature was markedly decreased. We conclude that both metabolic regulation of coronary blood flow and extravascular compression of coronary circulation by cardiac contraction act predominantly on postcollateral microvessels. Coronary collateral circulation may be impaired at increased left ventricular pressure. PMID- 6678844 TI - In vivo fluorescence of endothelial cell nuclei stained with the dye Bis benzamide H 33342. PMID- 6678845 TI - Some methodological problems in ocular fluorophotometry. AB - Facing conflicting results from centers working with vitreous fluorophotometry, we performed a series of methodological studies of the technique preceding clinical studies. A major problem is the resolution power of the system. This is predicted to be dependent on the size of the fiberoptic probe, the slit width and angle between incident and detecting light beam, which is shown to be true in experiments with glass cuvettes and in studies of the eyes of 10 healthy volunteers. In the in vivo studies, variations of slit height could also influence readings. The selection of appropriate filters is important to reduce reflexes and autofluorescence of the ocular media, which otherwise must be accounted for. PMID- 6678846 TI - Some aspects of the pharmacokinetics of fluorescein in normal and in diabetic subjects. AB - A method for measuring the free fraction of fluorescein in plasma by ultrafiltration is tested. The coefficient of variation is 3%. Changes in pH and temperature from in vivo conditions at 37 degrees C to in vitro conditions are slight (less than 6%) and tend to minimize each other. To study the pharmacokinetics of fluorescein, 25 control subjects and 38 insulin-treated diabetics were examined after an intravenous injection of sodium fluorescein, 17 mg/kg body weight. 5, 45 and 120 min later, free fluorescein was significantly lower in the diabetics (5 min: 2.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.1 +/- 1.0, 45 min: 0.62 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.14, 120 min: 0.27 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.17 +/- 0.07 X 10(-5) g/ml, p less than 0.01 (mean +/- SD)). The renal excretion of fluorescein is reflected in a positive relation between serum creatinine and total plasma fluorescein at 45 and 120 minutes in the group of diabetics (Spearmans rho = 0.52, p = 0.04 and 0.53, p = 0.08, respectively). PMID- 6678847 TI - Ocular fluorophotometry in normal subjects. AB - Leakage of fluorescein to the vitreous has been reported in diabetes and systemic hypertension. We have done detailed studies in normal subjects to look for determinators of possible leakage in this population. Twenty-nine healthy males, aged 18-67 years, were studied in the morning after an overnight fast. Fluorescein 17 mg/kg body weight was injected intravenously and blood drawn 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 75 and 120 minutes later for measurement of ultrafiltrable fluorescein. Ocular fluorophotometry was performed before, 60 and 120 min after the injection. Mean fluorescein (+/- SD) in the posterior vitreous was 8.1 (+/- 5.5), middle vitreous 4.7 (+/- 6.0) and aqueous 240 (+/- 142) ng/ml after 60 minutes. At 120 minutes, a significant increase to 12.2 (+/- 8.6), 9.4 (+/- 9.3) and 317 (+/- 139) ng/ml was found in the three regions, p less than 0.05. At 60 minutes, age related significantly to posterior and middle vitreous concentrations, Spearmans rho = 0.49 and 0.61, as well as to aqueous concentrations, rho = 0.51 (p less than 0.01). Blood pressure related only to aqueous concentrations, at 60 minutes, rho = 0.42, p less than 0.05. When the intraocular measurements were corrected for average preceding ultrafiltrable fluorescein, age remained significantly related only to vitreous readings and blood pressure to aqueous readings. PMID- 6678848 TI - The initiation of post-capillary margination of leukocytes: studies in vitro on the influence of erythrocyte concentration and flow velocity. AB - Leukocyte margination is an important rheological phenomenon, being a prerequisite for leukocyte adhesion and invasion of the tissues in inflammation. In the present study the influence on leukocyte radial distribution of erythrocyte concentration and flow velocity was studied with fluorescence microscopy in a glass capillary model. This consisted of a narrow (10 microns) short stenosis expanding into a 50 microns straight tube. The blood cells were brought to the centre of the stream by the stenosis whereas the radial position of the leukocytes was determined in the straight post-stenotic segment of the glass tube. The analyses showed that a 0 hematocrit 86% (flow velocity 0.2 mm/s) to 99% (flow velocity 1.2 mm/s) of the leukocytes stayed in the centre of the tube after leaving the stenosis. No leukocytes were observed at the capillary wall. At 10% hematocrit and low flow velocity, 0.1 and 0.3 mm/s, 36 and 34%, respectively, of the leukocytes were displaced to a marginal position. At 1.0 mm/s only 10% of the leukocytes were displaced from the central stream. At 40% hematocrit, 45, 47 and 40% of the leukocytes were found in a wall near position at 0.1, 0.4 and 0.7 mm/s flow velocity, respectively. Although the results obtained in the present study are valid only for the special geometry of the in vitro model they clearly indicate the importance of leukocyte-erythrocyte interactions for the initiation of leukocyte margination in post-capillary vessels. PMID- 6678849 TI - Flow of red blood cells in narrow capillaries: role of membrane tension. AB - A theoretical model is developed to describe blood flow in narrow capillaries, with inside diameters 3 microns to 6 microns. Each red blood cell is assumed to have axisymmetric geometry, and fixed surface area and volume. Cell velocities in the range 1 mm s-1 or higher are assumed, and the stress in the cell membrane is approximated by an isotropic tension. This tension is assumed to fall to zero at the concave trailing end of the cell, except in vessels whose diameter is near the minimum for passage of the cell. In the latter case, a separate analysis is used, in which the cell is effectively rigid and fully distended at each end. Lubrication theory is used to describe the plasma flow in the narrow gap between the cell and the vessel wall. Good agreement is obtained between predicted values of the tube hematocrit and apparent viscosity and published experimental values for these parameters. PMID- 6678850 TI - Hyperthermia-induced alteration in erythrocyte velocity in tumors. AB - The effect of a hyperthermic treatment on the microcirculation of the experimental tumor Rhabdomyosarcoma BA1112 was investigated. The tumor was grown in 'sandwich' chambers in the rat skin. The erythrocyte velocity in selected capillaries was used to assess changes in the microcirculation. For this purpose, a simplified comparative method in which the (adjusted) velocity of a train of light dots indicated the velocity in the capillary was employed. During hyperthermic treatment (n = 16) consisting of an exposure of 180 minutes at 43 degrees C, it was apparent that a slight increase in erythrocyte velocity first occurred. This was followed, however, by a decrease and eventually a complete standstill. PMID- 6678851 TI - The influence of venous and arterial occlusion on capillary blood flow and transcutaneous oxygen tension in fingers. AB - We have previously reported a lack of correlation between the reactions of finger skin capillary blood cell velocity (CBV) and transcutaneous oxygen tension (pTcO2) to different hydrostatic pressures. In the present study the influence of different venous and arterial pressures on nailfold CBV and pTcO2 of the dorsum of the middle phalanx was investigated. In six subjects venous occlusion (50 mm Hg) was performed with the hand at heart level and 40 cm above heart level. At heart level venous occlusion caused a marked reduction in CBV from 0.59 to 0.02 mm/s (p less than 0.01) while pTcO2 was not significantly affected. When the hand was raised 40 cm above heart level CBV remained unchanged but pTcO2 fell from 58.8 to 41.8 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Venous occlusion in this position caused a decrease in CBV and a further decrease in pTcO2. In another 5 subjects arterial occlusions of varying duration (0.5, 1, 2, 6, 15 min) were performed at the finger base. As judged by the CBV, reactive hyperemia (RH) was always present when duration of occlusion was one minute or more. Post-occlusive pTcO2 was significantly increased compared to baseline pTcO2 (p less than 0.05) only after the 15 min occlusion. Thus, there is a marked difference in the responses of CBV and pTcO2 to variations in venous and arterial pressures. The lack of response of pTcO2 to manoeuvers that result in autoregulatory adjustment of CBV probably reflects the local heating of the probe which causes maximal vasodilation in the underlying skin. PMID- 6678852 TI - Effects of different hematocrits on the isolated working rabbit heart reperfused after ischemia. AB - Increased blood viscosity has frequently been related to ischemic heart diseases. Since blood viscosity depends mainly on hematocrit (HTC), the effects of hemodilution have been studied on the isolated working rabbit heart perfused initially with 50% HCT, submitted to global ischemia for 10 min and reperfused with two different amounts of HCT: 50 and 30%. When the reperfusion was carried out with 50% HCT (N = 10) aortic flow failed to be restored in 4 hearts. When the reperfusion was performed with 30% HCT, all hearts recovered rapidly, reaching the preischemic cardiac output 20 min later. The ratio between cardiac output (C.O.) 20 min after reperfusion and C.O. before ischemia was 0.30 for the high hematocrit group (H.H.) as compared to 0.89 for the low hematocrit group (L.H.). The ratio of the coronary flow (C.F.) 20 min after reperfusion and that of C.F. before ischemia was 0.83 for the H.H. group as compared to 1.30 for the L.H. group. After reperfusion the myocardial oxygen consumption was not significantly different between both groups. The better recovery of heart performance after ischemia when the hearts were reperfused with a 30% HCT suggests that hemodilution results in a better oxygen distribution. PMID- 6678853 TI - Survival and cell cycle kinetics responses of Chinese hamster ovary cells, and clones of human adenocarcinoma of the stomach and astrocytoma to diaziquone (AZQ) in vitro. AB - The anticancer agent 1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dicarbonic acid, 2,5-bis(aziridinyl) 3,6-dioxo-, diethyl ester (AZQ) (NSC 182986) was studied in vitro to determine survival, cell cycle stage sensitivity, and cell cycle kinetics effects. One hour treatments with AZQ doses ranging from 1 micrograms/ml to 25 micrograms/ml revealed that human stomach tumor clones were most sensitive of three cell types studied to to the killing effects of AZQ; this sensitivity was followed in order by human astrocytomas and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Depending on the AZQ dose, nondividing CHO cells were 10 to 180 times more sensitive than dividing CHO cells. Synchronized CHO cells were most sensitive to AZQ's killing effects when treated at the late S/G2 phase boundary, with the overall order of sensitivity being late S/G2, G2, mid-S, and G1 phase. Mitotic cells were neither killed by doses used in these studies, nor were they inhibited in their progression from mitosis into the G1 phase. Synchronized CHO cells treated in all other phases of the cell cycle were either blocked completely or delayed for up to 2 hours in their progression through the cell cycle. Flow microfluorometry (FMF) studies on exponentially growing CHO cells demonstrated that even at noncytotoxic doses (1 microgram/ml), AZQ caused very large, but reversible enrichments of cells in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Since AZQ has already been shown to be effective against a variety of animal and human tumors (especially brain tumors) the data reported here may be useful in designing more effective treatment schedules and drug combination regimens. PMID- 6678854 TI - Comparative in vitro antitumor activity of homoharringtonine and harringtonine against clonogenic human tumor cells. AB - Harringtonine and its derivative homoharringtonine are ester-containing anti leukemic alkaloids isolated from the tree Cephalotaxus harringtonia. In order to compare their antitumor activity against solid tumors, in vitro culture of fresh tumor cells from 23 patients was carried out with a soft agar assay system. Tumor cells were exposed to 0.001-1.0 micrograms/ml of each agent for either 1 h prior to plating or by continuous exposure. Significant antitumor activity was noted for harringtonine in ovarian and endometrial carcinoma at the 0.01 micrograms/ml concentration. In the continuous exposure studies, homoharringtonine proved to be more potent than harringtonine. Significant antitumor activity of homoharringtonine was noted in sarcoma and breast cancer as well as in ovarian and endometrial carcinoma. In the continuous exposure studies the mean area under the survival-concentration curve was significantly less for homoharringtonine than for harringtonine (5.04 +/- 3.87 and 6.15 +/- 3.46, respectively (p less than 0.005). The ratio of mean ID50 (harringtonine/homoharringtonine) was 5.2. However, there was no significant difference between those two agents with a 1 h exposure. Our results suggest that homoharringtonine and harringtonine may be of use in selected solid tumors, and that homoharringtonine has a greater degree of colony inhibition with continuous exposure. PMID- 6678855 TI - Application of a microsomal drug activation system in a human tumor cloning assay. AB - A commercially available preparation of livers from rats can be used to activate cyclophosphamide and DTIC in vitro. This activation can be done in such a way as to have utility in a soft agar cloning assay. The commercial S-9 fraction contains one or more factors which exert a direct inhibitory effect on the ability of five human tumors and three different cell lines to form colonies in soft agar. The inhibition is eliminated by heating to 56 degrees C and is markedly diminished by low speed centrifugation at 7000 g. This commercially available liver preparation may provide a useful tool to extend the feasibility of clonogenic assays to standard drugs and new investigational drugs whose antitumor activity is dependent upon microsomal activation. PMID- 6678856 TI - Activity of two phase I drugs N-methylformamide (NSC-3051) and Echinomycin (NSC 526417) against fresh surgical explants of human tumors in the 6-day subrenal capsule (SRC) assay. AB - The potential clinical activity of the new phase I drugs N-methylformamide (N-MF) and Echinomycin (ECH) was examined while still undergoing clinical toxicology trials by testing against fresh surgical explants of human tumors in the 6-day in vivo SRC Assay. Sixty-nine tumors representing different histologic types including breast, lung, colon, ovarian, and cervical, as well as neoplasms of undiagnosed origin, were screened against N-MF (NSC-3051) and ECH (NSC-526417) simultaneously with five standard chemotherapeutic agents used clinically for treatment of the specific type of cancer. Thus, activity of N-MF and ECH could be compared directly with that of standard agents tested in the same assay. Treatment schedule was QD1-5, and the criterion for drug activity was tumor graft regression greater than 20%. N-MF was active against 15/69 tumors with a response rate of 22%. ECH was also active against 15/69 tumors, yielding the same response rate. Although the response rates for N-MF and ECH were the same, indicating a similar degree of general anti-tumor activity as evaluated by the assay, N-MF showed greatest activity against lung tumors whereas ECH was more active against ovarian tumors. Twenty-six of 69 tumors (38%) were unresponsive to all drugs tested, only one tumor was responsive to both N-MF and ECH and no tumors were responsive to either N-MF or ECH alone. Cytoxan, one of the standard agents tested concurrently with both phase I drugs yielded a response rate of 35%, one and one-half times greater. Cervical and renal cancers and lymphomas were relatively unresponsive to both drugs. PMID- 6678857 TI - Mitoxantrone hydrochloride (NSC-310739) in lymphoma. A Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - The members of the Southwest Oncology Group have treated thirteen patients with Hodgkin's disease and thirty-seven with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with mitoxantrone on the every three week schedule. While the result (3/13 responses in Hodgkin's; 9/37 responses in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) is not striking, there is a definite antitumor activity in a very heavily pretreated group of patients. Toxicity was acceptable. Additional trials in lymphoma are planned using mitoxantrone in combination with BCNU. PMID- 6678858 TI - Anaphylactoid reactions associated with bisantrene infusions. AB - Nine of ninety-three patients receiving Bisantrene on an every three week schedule developed an anaphylactoid reaction with a variety of symptoms. Most reactions occurred in patients who had multiple exposures to Bisantrene. Investigators utilizing Bisantrene in ongoing clinical trials should be aware of this life threatening toxicity. PMID- 6678859 TI - Phase II evaluation of MGBG in non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. A Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - One hundred and eight patients with non-small cell lung cancer were treated in a Phase II trial with MGBG at a dose of 600 mg/m2 i.v. weekly. Partial responses were noted in 3/43 patients with adenocarcinoma and 1/40 with squamous cell carcinoma. No responses were noted in 24 patients with large cell carcinoma. Overall, the drug was reasonably well-tolerated. At this dosage and schedule, MGBG has no substantial antitumor activity for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. PMID- 6678860 TI - Inhibitory activity of diarylamidine derivatives on murine leukemia L1210 cell growth. AB - A series of 96 diarylamidine (and diarylimidazoline) derivatives were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the growth and DNA synthesis of murine leukemia L1210 cells. The amidino- and imidazolino-substituted aryl moieties of the compounds consisted of phenyl, indole, indene, benzofuran, benzo[b]thiophene or benzimidazole. Several of these compounds were found to inhibit L1210 cell proliferation with an ID50 (50% inhibitory dose) of 1 microgram/ml or lower. Structure-function analysis revealed that the antitumor cell activity of the diarylamidines depended on the planarity of the molecule, the presence of amidino (or, preferably, imidazolino-) groups on both aryl moieties, the nature of the bridge connecting the two aryl moieties (preferably no bridge at all, phenoxy or ethene) and, finally, the nature of the aryl moieties (preferably, benzofuran or benzo[b]thiophene). Hence, compound 20 (6-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)-2-[4-(2-imidazolin 2-yl)phenyl] benzo[b]thiophene) emerged as the most potent inhibitor of L1210 cell growth (ID50: 0.21 micrograms/ml). Its inhibitory potency was similar to that of the well-known trypanocidal drug ethidium bromide (compound 98). For all diarylamidine derivatives taken together, some correlation (r = 0.612) was noted between the log ID50 for L1210 cell proliferation and the log ID50 for L1210 cell DNA synthesis (as monitored by [methyl-3H]dThd incorporation). These findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of the diarylamidines on L1210 cell proliferation may at least partially reside in an inhibition of DNA synthesis. Compound 41 (2,2'-vinylenedi-1-benzofuran-5-carboxamidine), that exhibited a potent antitumor activity in vitro (ID50: 1.5 micrograms/ml), was further evaluated for its antitumor efficacy in vivo and found to increase the median survival time of L1210 cell-inoculated BDF1 mice up to 204%, if administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg. PMID- 6678861 TI - Heterogeneous responses of an in vitro model of human stomach cancer to anticancer drugs. AB - Four permanent clones of a human adenocarcinoma of the stomach and the parent line from which they were isolated were used as an in vitro model system to evaluate the effects of 8 anticancer agents on cell survival. The drugs tested were actinomycin D (Act-D), Bleomycin (Bleo), adriamycin (adria), melphalan, chlorambucil, 5 Fluorouracil (5FU), 1,2:5,6-Dianhydrogalactitol (DAG), and 1-(2 chloroethyl)-3-(4-methyl cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea) (MeCCNU). Although the cell lines had similar growth properties, morphologies and modal chromosome numbers, the clones expressed heterogeneous survival responses to each of six drugs tested. A comparison of the doses lethal to 90% of a clonal population (LD90) for each drug indicated large differences between the most sensitive and least sensitive clones. For chlorambucil there was a 160% difference between the LD90 values of the most and least sensitive clones. For MeCCNU the difference was 200%; for adria, 230%; Bleo, 280%; 5FU, 360%; and melphalan, 600%. Despite the heterogeneity in response among the clones to these agents, no particular clone was always the most sensitive or resistant. Of particular interest was the finding that these stomach cancer clones demonstrated uniform responses to both Act-D and DAG. Since the differential drug sensitivities expressed by heterogeneous tumor populations could be a cause of treatment failure in the patient, the demonstration of uniform sensitivities to Act-D and DAG are encouraging and suggest that other anticancer drugs which produce uniform cell killing may be identified and tested. Act-D and adria were the most effective of the drugs tested when compared on a dose for dose basis. Both agents killed more than 99.9% of the parent cell line with doses below 3 micrograms/ml (1-h treatments). The cells were least sensitive to 5FU, with only 30% of the cells killed at 100 micrograms/ml. The studies reported here indicate that this human stomach cancer model can provide valuable insight into the design of clinical protocols for treatment of gastric carcinoma in man. PMID- 6678862 TI - In vitro cellular characteristics and survival responses of human astrocytoma clones to chloroethyl-nitrosoureas and dianhydrogalactitol. AB - Three permanent clones were derived from a single astrocytoma cell line and were characterized for in vitro cell kinetics, chromosomal properties and for their responses to the anticancer drugs: 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU); 1 (2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU); 1-(2-chloroethyl) 3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl-1-nitrosourea) (PCNU); and 1,2:5,6-dianhydrogalactitol (GAL); all of which have been shown to cross the blood brain barrier. The clones showed different population doubling times, saturation densities, plating efficiencies, chromosome counts, ploidy, cell cycle phase distributions and DNA indices. The only positive correlation among these parameters was between the population doubling times and the modal chromosome numbers; the lower the chromosome number, the shorter the doubling time. No correlation was observable between any of the cellular properties and responses to the four drugs. The clones showed a differential sensitivity to the nitrosoureas, seen maximally as a 600-fold difference in survival between two of the clones treated with the same dose of BCNU. In contrast, the clones exhibited almost identical and uniform sensitivities to galactitol, suggesting that this agent exerted its cytotoxic effects by similar mechanisms in each of the clones. By comparison BCNU (at the tested doses and duration of drug exposure used in this study) was found to be the most effective of the agents tested. PMID- 6678863 TI - Comparative cytotoxicity of adriamycin, mitoxantrone and bisantrene as measured by a human tumor cloning system. AB - A human tumor cloning system was used to assess the cytotoxicity of adriamycin, mitoxantrone and bisantrene at concentrations that are equitoxic in man. There were 989 specimens evaluable for drug sensitivity analysis. Overall, adriamycin showed in vitro cytotoxicity (greater than or equal to 50% decrease in tumor colony forming units) 14% of the time; mitoxantrone, 21% of the time; and bisantrene, 31% of the time. Three hundred ninety-nine of these evaluable specimens were simultaneously tested against more than one of the agents, providing 631 two-way drug comparisons. For these comparisons, there was lack of co-resistance 27-34% of the time, with mitoxantrone being more active than adriamycin (p less than .05) and bisantrene being more active than adriamycin (p less than .01) or mitoxantrone (p less than .01). These data suggest that comparative and sequential clinical use of these agents should be investigated. PMID- 6678865 TI - Phase I clinical trial of a new anthracycline: 4'-o-tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin. AB - The phase I study of a new anthracycline, 4'-o-tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin, was performed. A dose-limiting factor was leukopenia while thrombocytopenia was less frequent and a maximum tolerated dose was determined as 54 mg/m2. Mild gastrointestinal toxicities including anorexia, nausea and vomiting occurred in about half of the patients, while very minimal alopecia was seen in only one patient. A recommended dose for phase II study was established: 40 mg/m2 at 3 week intervals. PMID- 6678864 TI - Skin ulceration potential without therapeutic anticancer activity for epipodophyllotoxin commercial diluents. AB - The epipodophyllotoxin derivatives, etoposide (VP-16) and teniposide (VM-26), are highly lipophilic anticancer drugs supplied with novel commercial solvent systems. A BALB/c mouse skin toxicity model was used to evaluate the ulcerative potential of intradermal (ID) VP-16 and its lipophilic solvent system along with the main ingredient of the VM-26 solvent, polyethoxylated castor oil (PECO). ID VP-16 caused dose-dependent ulceration following 0.17 mg, 0.33 mg (50 mg/M2) or 1.0 mg (150 mg/M2). Both normal saline (0.05 ml ID) and hyaluronidase (7.5 u ID) were effective as local VP-16 antidotes, presumably by diluting out the extravasated drug. The VP-16 solvent alone was as toxic as the 1.0 mg (undiluted) ID VP-16 injection. ID PECO was mildly ulcerative in mouse skin. When given to P 388 lymphocytic leukemia-bearing mice, both VP-16 (24 mg/kg IP for 3 doses) and VM-26 (8 mg/kg IP for 2 doses) were active, producing increased life spans (ILS) of 160% and 90%, respectively. The solvents, given IP at the same schedule, did not increase or decrease the life span of tumor-bearing mice, but did increase morbidity. In an in vitro human tumor clonogenic assay (WiDr colon carcinoma and HEC-1A endometrial carcinoma in soft agar), both VP-16 and VM-26 showed moderate to complete inhibition of tumor colony forming units (TCFUs) by continuous exposure. 1-h drug exposures were marginally active at reducing TCFUs. None of the epipodophyllotoxin diluents at clinical concentrations reduced TCFUs. At very high concentrations, both epipodophyllotoxins were cytotoxic. They were more effective at reducing TCFUs when plated as a continuous exposure rather than a 1 h exposure. PMID- 6678866 TI - Mitoxantrone in advanced breast cancer: a phase II trial of the Southwest Oncology Group. AB - 124 patients with metastatic breast cancer were entered into this phase II trial of mitoxantrone (DHAD). Patients were stratified prior to treatment as good or poor risk, and whether they had received previous therapy with an anthracycline derivative. Mitoxantrone was given every 21 days at a starting dose of 12 mg/m2 for good risk patients and 10 mg/m2 for poor risk patients. Among the group who had not received anthracyclines, 12 are fully or partially evaluable for response with five classified as good risk. One complete response, ongoing at 52 weeks was seen in this group. Of the seven poor risk patients, stable disease was seen in two. 103 patients with prior anthracycline exposure are fully or partially evaluable, 31 good risk and 72 poor risk. There were three partial responses in each group. Toxicity was primarily myelosuppression, and was more severe in the poor risk group. Mitoxantrone when used on this schedule has minimal activity among heavily pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 6678867 TI - The lethal activity and repair inhibition capacity of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6 dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea (NSC 95466, PCNU), a nitrosourea with low carbamoylating activity. AB - The survival response of human colorectal carcinoma cells treated in vitro for 1 h with PCNU was characterized by a threshold exponential curve, Dq = 8 micrograms/ml (1 h) and Do = 22 micrograms/ml (1 h). Continuous treatment induced decreasing degrees of cell kill although PCNU was biologically stable in solution for at least 24 h. Cells treated with PCNU were unable to recover from potentially lethal damage but were quite capable of repairing PCNU-induced sublethal damage. Thus, PCNU with different alkylating and carbamoylating than other nitrosourea congeners had similar cytotoxic and repair inhibition capacities. Any therapeutic gain in the clinical use of PCNU must derive only from its lipophilic properties and not from its superior activity at the cellular level. PMID- 6678868 TI - Structure-activity relationship of 1-propargyl-5-halopyrimidin-2-ones. Metaphase arresting properties and competitive inhibition of colchicine binding to tubulin. AB - The structure-activity relationship of 1-propargyl-5-halopyrimidin-2-ones with respect to mitotic inhibitory potential and inhibition of colchicine binding to tubulin was investigated. A correlation between accumulation in metaphase of cultured human NHIK 3025 cells and drug competition with colchicine binding to tubulin was found for each compound. Effects on division of NHIK 3025 cells were determined in stained preparations following a 6 h treatment with drugs. The four halogen-substituted compounds displayed metaphase arresting ability while the H substituted 1-propargylpyrimidin-2-one did not. 1-Propargyl-5-fluoropyrimidin-2 one was active at 1.5 and 0.75 mM while the 5-chloro, 5-bromo and 5-iodo compounds caused metaphase arrest at 0.375 and 0.18 mM. The ability of these drugs to compete with colchicine binding to DEAE-cellulose purified tubulin was also investigated. 1-Propargylpyrimidin-2-one at 5 mM did not inhibit (3H)colchicine binding to tubulin as determined by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. The halogen-substituted pyrimidones, however, demonstrated competitive inhibition of colchicine binding to tubulin. Five mM 1-propargyl-5-iodopyrimidin-2-one inhibited colchicine binding by 43.2%, the highest value obtained within the metahalone group. The drugs tested had no effect on vincristine binding to tubulin. With respect to the halogen substitution, the increasing order of mitotic inhibitory potential and competition with colchicine binding to tubulin is H less than less than F less than Cl less than or equal to Br less than or equal to I. PMID- 6678869 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of methyl glyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (methyl-GAG). AB - Using a paired ion exchange high pressure liquid chromatographic assay, pharmacokinetic evaluation of methyl glyoxal bis guanylhydrazone (methyl-GAG) was performed in nine male New Zealand albino rabbits following administration of a single intravenous bolus dose of 50 mg/kg B.W (550 mg/m2 BSA). Blood samples were collected before and at intervals of 5, 10, 15, 30 min and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 h after administration of the drug. The analysis of experimental data indicates a three compartment open model with first order elimination from the central compartment described by the equation Cpt = A.e-alpha t + B.e-beta t + C.e-gamma t, where A, B, C, are 107.985, 4.785, and 0.763 micrograms/ml, respectively. alpha, beta, gamma, are 5.466, 0.487, and 0.030 h-1, respectively, and T1/2 alpha, beta, gamma are 7.6, 85.3 min and 23.1 h, respectively. The mean volume of distribution in the central compartment Vc was 0.44 liters (1)/kg, volume of distribution Vdarea 30.326 1/kg, and the total body clearance 0.9097 1/kg/h. The existence of a long terminal plasma half life of methyl-GAG reported previously in human studies was also confirmed in experimental animals and may explain the cumulative toxicity of this drug. PMID- 6678870 TI - Spirogermanium: a new investigational drug of novel structure and lack of bone marrow toxicity. AB - Spirogermanium (NSC 192965) is a new metallic investigational anticancer drug of novel heterocyclic structure. Although its mode of action has not been fully elucidated, it appears that spirogermanium is not a phase or cell cycle specific drug and inhibits DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, the protein synthesis being the most susceptible to this agent. Spirogermanium has shown cytotoxic activity in vitro against several human tumor cell lines at concentrations (1 micrograms/ml) that were also found toxic to the cultured rat neurons. Although spirogermanium has no effect on normal bone marrow colony forming cells in mice, dogs, or man, it has revealed cytotoxic activity in vitro against human myeloid leukemia cell line K 562 at clinically achievable concentrations. These in vitro findings, indicating selective cytotoxic activity against leukemic cells suggest this drug as a candidate for clinical studies in acute and chronic leukemias. Spirogermanium has revealed activity in vivo against intraperitoneally implanted Walker 256 sarcoma, 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma, and 11095 prostatic carcinoma in rats, but no antitumor activity in vivo was found in the murine tumors used in the past by the NCI screen (L 1210 and P 388 leukemia, B 16 melanoma, Lewis lung carcinoma). Spirogermanium is remarkable for its lack of bone marrow toxicity confirmed in preclinical toxicology and clinical studies; moderate, predictable, and reversible CNS toxicity is dose-limiting. Activity in malignant lymphoma, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, large bowel cancer, and prostatic cancer was reported in the clinical studies. The drug is currently under clinical investigation against the wide spectrum of solid tumors and malignant lymphomas. The dose of 80-120 mg/m2, given by 60' infusion three times a week, is currently used and tolerated in Phase II clinical studies. The recently introduced five days continuous infusion schedule has been also under clinical investigation and the doses of 250-300 mg/m2/day are recommended for Phase II studies. Of interest are results reported in this paper of spirogermanium in vitro preferential activity against the resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum at clinically achievable concentrations suggesting this drug as a possible new antimalarial agent of novel structure. PMID- 6678871 TI - Methyl-glyoxal bis guanyl hydrazone (methyl-GAG, MGBG) in lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. A Phase II trial of the Southwest Oncology Group. AB - The Southwest Oncology Group has evaluated methyl-GAG on a weekly schedule among patients with lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Among 56 fully and partially evaluable patients responses were seen in 3 of 10 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 11 of 46 patients with lymphoma. Toxicity was acceptable. Methyl-GAG has significant antitumor activity among this group of heavily pretreated patients. Additional trials of methyl-GAG in combination with other agents are underway. PMID- 6678872 TI - A Phase II study of Bruceantin (NSC-165, 563) in advanced malignant melanoma. AB - The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) conducted a Phase II trial of Bruceantin in malignant melanoma. Twenty-two patients, thirteen without prior cytotoxic chemotherapy, were entered. All patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Dose limiting toxicity was found to be hypotension during Bruceantin infusion. Other prominent side effects were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, chills, and weakness. Only minor hematologic toxicity was encountered. Two partial responses, both in previously treated patients were observed (response rate -9%). Bruceantin has only limited activity against malignant melanoma and is unlikely to contribute to systemic therapy of this disease, either as a single agent or in combinations of cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 6678873 TI - Effect of 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo [1,2-b]pyrazole (IMPY) on the metabolism of human red cells. AB - 2,3 dihydro-IH-imidazo (1,2-b) pyrazole (IMPY) is a potential chemotherapeutic agent known to inhibit cellular DNA synthesis by blocking ribonucleotide reductase. During Phase I clinical studies with IMPY, patients developed a dose dependent hemolytic anemia possibly secondary to oxidant damage to the RBC. We therefore studied the effect of IMPY on the metabolism of human RBC's in vitro. IMPY, in clinically achievable concentrations, stimulated the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) pathway of RBC's. This was associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species as demonstrated by the glutathione (GSH) instability and enhanced formate oxidation of RBC's incubated with the drug. In addition, the GSH concentration of the red cells of a patient fell during a continuous infusion of IMPY. These effects of IMPY on red cell metabolism in vitro and in vivo are similar to those of drugs known to cause oxidative damage to this cell. The capacity of IMPY to act as an oxidant could explain the hemolytic anemia seen in patients receiving this drug. PMID- 6678874 TI - The treatment of acute leukemia with continuous infusion L-Alanosine. AB - L-Alanosine, an antitumor antibiotic was administered by members of the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) to 22 patients with resistant acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. The drug was administered by continuous infusion for five days at a starting dose of 125 mg/m2/day. Mucositis was dose-limiting in 15 patients and no marrow aplasia was attained. As administered, L-Alanosine is not an effective single agent in acute leukemia. PMID- 6678875 TI - Characterization of the pharmacokinetics of bisantrene (NSC-337766). AB - The pharmacokinetics of bisantrene, 9,10-anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis [4,5 dihydro-1 H-imidazol-2-yl) hydrazone) dihydrochloride were evaluated during a Phase I clinical investigation. Bisantrene at doses of 20 to 280 mg/m2 was administered by variable infusion rates to nine patients with advanced metastatic cancer. Bisantrene's plasma clearance followed a triexponential pattern with a harmonic mean terminal half-life (t1/2 gamma) of 26 h. The steady state volume of distribution (Vdss) was large, averaging 627 l/m2. Plasma clearance averaged 42.6 +/- 6.7 l/h/m2. The cumulative urinary excretion of bisantrene was 3.6 +/- 1.6% at 48 h. PMID- 6678876 TI - Human muscle: a model for the study of human neoplasia. AB - Human muscle (HM) was used in an organ culture system to study the growth of human tumor cells and to test an antitumor drug. The HM system mimicked the in vivo situation regarding the behavior of neoplastic versus normal cells in that tumor cells proliferated extensively and invaded, while normal cells showed only a limited proliferative potential and a limited invasion was observed with fibroblasts but not with epithelial cells. In addition, when human plasma (HP) was used in place of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and cell culture medium as a source of nutrients, the tumor cells displayed a more aggressive histopathologic pattern. The HM system, as illustrated by the 5-FU results, allows the direct visualization of the effect to an antitumor agent not only on tumor cell growth but also on a range of histopathologically evaluable characteristics of the interaction of tumor cells with the host tissue. The HM system provides for the first time an in vitro experimental model using easily accessible adult human tissue to study cancer and its treatment. PMID- 6678877 TI - Phase I trial with 4'-deoxydoxorubicin (esorubicin). AB - 4'-Deoxydoxorubicin is a new anthracycline derivative. Experimentally, the drug shows efficacy against doxorubicin-resistant malignancies and, as compared to the parent compound, it has reduced potential for heart damage. This Phase I trial was conducted with a single dose intermittent schedule. 4'-Deoxydoxorubicin was given by rapid i.v. administration at doses of 20, 30, 35 and 40 mg/m2. A total of 25 adult patients with a variety of solid tumors received a median of two courses (1-4). Leukopenia was dose-related and dose-limiting. Occasionally severe thrombocytopenia was also encountered. Nonhematological toxic effects were mostly mild to moderate and were qualitatively similar to those commonly reported with doxorubicin. The frequency of local reactions was apparently increased but the incidence of alopecia and gastrointestinal distress was noticeably lower. There were no acute or chronic drug-induced cardiac effects. Antitumor activity was suggested in a patient with a carcinoma of the cardia. For Phase II trials, doses of 35 and 30 mg/m2 every 3-4 weeks may be recommended in good-risk and poor-risk patients, respectively. PMID- 6678878 TI - Phase II evaluation of rubidazone (NSC-164011) in advanced carcinoma of the breast. A Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - The SWOG carried out a Phase II evaluation of rubidazone in patients with advanced breast cancer. Good risk patients were given rubidazone 150 mg/m2 IV every three weeks. Poor risk patients were given a 25% dose reduction at the start of treatment. Rubidazone dose was increased or decreased depending on toxicity. One patient went into complete remission, four had partial remission and nine had stable disease. Forty-two patients showed increased disease on treatment. No cardiotoxicity was seen, but other common toxicities noted included mostly mild to moderate myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting and alopecia. This study failed to indicate significant antitumor activity of rubidazone in patients with advanced breast carcinoma. PMID- 6678879 TI - Pharmacokinetics of high dose melphalan. AB - A pharmacokinetic study of high dose intravenous melphalan, 180 mg/m2, was performed in eight patients. Plasma levels of melphalan declined in a biexponential fashion with a mean terminal half-life (t 1/2 beta) of 61 min (range 40.3-132.8 min). Estimated peak concentrations ranged from 5.45 to 16.57 mcg/ml. The average volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) and clearance were 0.479 +/- 0.164 l/kg and 6.73 +/- 1.60 ml/min/kg, respectively. These kinetic parameters are similar to those reported from studies using lower doses of melphalan. PMID- 6678880 TI - Colchicine in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - Fourteen patients with active chronic lymphocytic leukemia who had failed prior therapy were treated with progressive doses of weekly intravenous colchicine beginning at 2 mg and escalating as high as 7 mg in a single injection. Responses were seen in two of 14, with a lessening of adenopathy and splenomegaly. Toxicity was characterized by gastrointestinal intolerance in eight and thrombocytopenia in 12. There is activity of the drug in chronic lymphocytic leukemia but, as administered in this study, high dose therapy is not ideal and it may be more beneficial if the drug were given as low dose daily or weekly therapy. PMID- 6678881 TI - Vindesine in head and neck cancer. A Southwest Oncology Group Phase II pilot study. AB - Vindesine was tested in 23 fully evaluable patients with advanced carcinomas of the head and neck. All had received previous chemotherapy. No complete or partial responses resulted after one or more courses of 1.5 mg/m2 i.v. bolus daily X 2 days. Leukopenia was noted in 46% and peripheral neuropathy was reported in 29%. This dose-schedule of vindesine is inactive in previously treated patients with squamous carcinomas of the head and neck. PMID- 6678882 TI - Prospective study of left ventricular function using radionuclide scans in patients receiving mitoxantrone. AB - A prospective Phase II study to evaluate the effects of mitoxantrone on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has been carried out in patients treated with 12 mg/m2 every three weeks. Gated radionuclide cardiac blood pool imaging with assessment of LVEF and wall motion prior to and during graded exercise was performed before the first and every other mitoxantrone course. Ten patients had either a minor response or tumour stabilization while receiving mitoxantrone treatment and underwent serial radionuclide scans during the course of therapy. Three patients who had received adriamycin as part of prior chemotherapy regimens showed no evidence of cardiotoxicity. Seven patients, who had had no prior adriamycin exposure, underwent serial radionuclide studies while receiving up to 204 mg/m2 of mitoxantrone. None of these patients showed evidence of clinically significant myocardial damage. One had a decline in LVEF from 70% to 50% at a maximum dose of 108 mg/m2. An additional patient whose LVEF rose from 57% at baseline to 62% at a total dose of 204 mg/m2 (17 courses) underwent endomyocardial biopsy which showed grade 2.5 anthracyclin-type cardiotoxicity. Serial endomyocardial biopsy studies are indicated in patients on longterm drug therapy to determine the incidence, dose-relationship and severity of potential mitoxantrone associated endomyocardial damage. PMID- 6678883 TI - Adherence to medications in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. PMID- 6678884 TI - Diabetes treatment and acting out. PMID- 6678885 TI - A new approach to the educational assessment and advancement of preschool children. PMID- 6678886 TI - Controlled psychodiagnostic studies of survivors of the Holocaust and their children. PMID- 6678887 TI - The role of the psychologist in psychiatric liaison. PMID- 6678888 TI - Encounter resistance and logotherapy. Application of logotherapy to the psychotherapy of schizophrenic and borderline conditions. PMID- 6678889 TI - The psychiatric clinical pharmacist. PMID- 6678890 TI - [Proceedings of the German Dermatological Society. 33d session. Vienna, 30 September-3 October 1982]. PMID- 6678891 TI - [Advances in pigment studies]. PMID- 6678892 TI - [Advances in immunodermatology]. PMID- 6678893 TI - [Advances in the therapy of geriatric dermatoses]. PMID- 6678894 TI - [Aging mechanisms of the skin]. PMID- 6678895 TI - The effect of gravitational traction on scoliosis of Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy: a preliminary study. PMID- 6678896 TI - A study on relationship between hepatic histopathological changes and data of preoperative liver function tests in 151 patients with gallstone disease. PMID- 6678898 TI - Experimental study on orientation of regenerating fibers in the severed peripheral nerve. PMID- 6678897 TI - Postoperative changes of serum bile acid levels in a case with massive hepatic resection. PMID- 6678899 TI - Vascular arrangement of the mammalian spleen as revealed by injection replica scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6678900 TI - Analysis of hepatic failure plasma by high performance gel-chromatography. PMID- 6678901 TI - Surgical treatment for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater and residual pancreatic function before and after pancreaticoduodenectomy. PMID- 6678902 TI - Changes in immunological parameters of the retired workers of the Okunojima poison gas factory with administration of BCG or Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton. PMID- 6678903 TI - VIPergic innervation in the gastrointestinal tract of diabetic rats. PMID- 6678904 TI - Comparative study on acute gastric mucosal lesion in experimental obstructive jaundice and biliary drainage models. PMID- 6678905 TI - Vascular pattern and limb development. 1. Normal development of the hindlimb vasculature in the mouse and its aberrations induced by 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 6678906 TI - Vascular pattern and limb development. 2. Angiographic findings in 48 malformed human upper extremities. PMID- 6678907 TI - A case of pheochromocytoma combined with catecholamine cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6678908 TI - Breast cancer followed by second malignancy. PMID- 6678909 TI - Effectiveness of levamisole on stromal herpetic keratitis. PMID- 6678910 TI - Desertomycin: purification and physical-chemical properties. AB - Desertomycin was isolated from Streptomyces macronensis Dietz sp. nov. UC 8271. Extensive spectroscopic work led us to place desertomycin in the macrocyclic lactone family which contains monazomycin, scopafungin, primycin, azalomycin F4a and niphithricins A and B. The apparent molecular formula was determined by fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy to be C57H109NO24 (MW = 1,191). Mild acid hydrolysis yielded mannose but contrary to published reports, glutamic acid is not a constituent of desertomycin. PMID- 6678912 TI - Biosynthesis of brefeldin A. Introduction of oxygen at the C-7 position. AB - The biosynthetic introduction of oxygen in position 7 of brefeldin A, a structurally unique macrolide with an alicyclic ring, was studied. [4 2H]Brefeldin C was prepared efficiently from brefeldin A. A high incorporation ratio of the labeled brefeldin C into brefeldin A by Eupenicillium brefeldianum clearly indicates that the oxygen in position 7 of brefeldin A does not contribute to the cyclopentane ring formation but is introduced during the last step of brefeldin A biosynthesis. PMID- 6678911 TI - Microbial conversion of grisorixin, a monovalent cation ionophorous antibiotic. AB - The isolation and identification of a bioconversion product of grisorixin from a strain of Streptomyces rimosus is reported. The structure of this product was elucidated from physicochemical data, in particular 13C NMR spectra. Its ionophorous and antibiotic properties are markedly different from those of grisorixin. PMID- 6678913 TI - Terminal steps in the biosynthesis of herbicidins, nucleoside antibiotics. AB - The biosynthetic relationship of the herbicidins produced by Streptomyces saganonensis was studied with blocked mutants by means of a bioconversion method using growing and resting cells. It is proposed that the biosynthetic sequence for herbicidins is; herbicidin G----herbicidin F----herbicidin A. Both herbicidins A and F were converted to herbicidin B by non-enzymatic reactions. Herbicidin G was also converted to herbicidin C non-enzymatically. PMID- 6678914 TI - Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. VI. Effect on antibacterial activity of alpha substituents in the 2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)acetyl side chain of a cephalosporin nucleus. AB - Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of semisynthetic cephalosporins (I) having an alpha-substituted 2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)acetyl side chain at the 7 position were described. PMID- 6678915 TI - In vitro activity of U-57930E against anaerobic bacteria and its comparison with clindamycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin and tetracycline. AB - The in vitro activity of U-57930E, a pipecolic acid amide of clindamycin, was compared with those of clindamycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin and tetracycline against 321 anaerobic clinical isolates. The MIC (micrograms/ml) of U-57930E that inhibited 95% Bacteroides fragilis, Peptococcus prevotii, B. melaninogenicus and P. asaccharolyticus was 0.0625; 0.03125 for Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, B. vulgatus, Propionibacterium and Peptococcus species. Clindamycin, on the other hand, gave MIC values of 0.5 microgram/ml for B. fragilis, P. prevotii and P. asaccharolyticus, 0.25 for Propionibacterium sp. All strains of Clostridium perfringens were inhibited by 0.5 microgram/ml of U-57930E. Both clindamycin and U-57930E showed similar MIC values for all strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Propionibacterium acnes tested. The MIC values for ampicillin, carbenicillin and tetracycline were within the expected range. U-57930E had a 4 approximately 8 fold lower MIC than clindamycin and is significantly active against anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 6678916 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of bialaphos (SF-1293). 2. Isolation of the first natural products with a C-P-H bond and their involvement in the C-P-C bond formation. PMID- 6678917 TI - [The clinical pathological study on leprosy plantar ulcer--pathological analysis on disorder of arterioles in leprosy plantar ulcer]. PMID- 6678918 TI - [Development of a neuropathological state in senile dementia of leprosy--an autopsy case of an aged patient with Tn type]. PMID- 6678919 TI - [Plasma levels of DDS in leprosy patients admitted in the National Sanatorium Oshima Seisho-en]. PMID- 6678920 TI - [Leprosy in northern India. XI. Analysis of the new patients' information sources on the clinics]. PMID- 6678921 TI - [Outbreak and prognosis of malignant tumor among the patients of National Sanatorium Oshima Seisho-en]. PMID- 6678922 TI - [Skin temperature of the lower extremities in patient with leprosy]. PMID- 6678923 TI - [A rare case of verrucosus tricuspid valvular endocarditis]. PMID- 6678924 TI - Use of hepatoprotective drugs in leprosy treatment. PMID- 6678925 TI - [Evaluation of circulating immune complexes in leprosy in relation to clinical activity, antileprosy agents, bacterial indices and anti-DNA antibodies]. PMID- 6678926 TI - Cardiovascular involvement in leprosy patients. PMID- 6678927 TI - [A case report of untreated lepromatous leprosy with advanced lepromatous changes of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 6678928 TI - [Leprosy in northern India. XII. The occupations of leprosy patients and their influence on the local society]. PMID- 6678929 TI - [Mass examinations and their follow-up of the in-patients of National Sanatorium Oshima Seisho-en in 1982]. PMID- 6678930 TI - [Leprosy in northern India. XIII. Literacy and educational standard of leprosy patients]. PMID- 6678931 TI - [A case of severe lepromatous leprosy]. PMID- 6678933 TI - How clean is clean enough? PMID- 6678932 TI - Studies on search for a promising immunopotentiative substance for treatment of leprosy. III. With special reference to an immunomodulative drug CCA, a BCG vaccine and the significance of an improved rabbit red blood cell rosette formation test. PMID- 6678934 TI - A simplified method for measuring activity of beta-D-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase (invertase). AB - A coupled enzymatic method for the assay of invertase is described. In this method, the fructose produced from sucrose by invertase action is converted to D sorbitol by sorbitol dehydrogenase. The reaction is monitored by the decrease in A340 mm due to the consumption of NADH. The technique is simple, sensitive, and accurate, and compares well with alternative methods which rely on determination of glucose formed in the invertase reaction. PMID- 6678935 TI - Lipids associated with dog gastric mucus glycoprotein. AB - The lipid content and composition of dog gastric mucus and its mucus glycoprotein before and after Pronase digestion was investigated. The mucus and the purified glycoprotein, in its intact and degraded form, were extracted with chloroform/methanol and the lipids contained in the extracts were quantitated. The lipids accounted for 18.9% of the dry weight of mucus and their content increased to 29.4% in the purified glycoprotein and fell to 27.8% following digestion of the glycoprotein with Pronase. In comparison to mucus, lipids associated with undegraded glycoprotein contained 1.7 times more phospholipids and 1.8 times more glycolipids, and were virtually free of glycosphinoglipids. Pronase digestion of the glycoprotein led to 2.3-fold decrease in phospholipids and 1.3-fold increase in glyceroglucolipids. The results suggest that the interaction of mucus glycoprotein with phospholipids involves its nonglycosylated region. PMID- 6678936 TI - Purification of human fibroblast interferon by extraction in aqueous two-phase systems. AB - Liquid-liquid extraction offers a new method for the concentration and purification of human fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta). Different derivatives of polyethylene glycol (PEG)--liquid ion exchangers or affinity ligands--can be effectively used for the extraction of IFN-beta in combination with Dextran-T 500 or orthophosphate. Important parameters for the partition of IFN-beta have been investigated, e.g., the influence of the concentrations of the phase-forming components, the addition of salts, the volume ratio of the top and bottom phases, and the content of crude IFN-beta. Systems containing polyethylene glycol phosphate ester/orthophosphate/sodium chloride (1/19.5/2.9% w/w at pH 6.9 or 2/19/7.5% w/w at pH 5-5.9, respectively) resulted in up to 350-fold purified IFN beta in the top phases with a yield of 74-100% and a specific activity of 3-7 X 10(6) units/mg. The efficiency of extraction in the aqueous phase system is a consequence of an extremely limited solubility of IFN-beta in the bottom phase. One of the advantages of the new method is that it is independent of the process volume and can be performed easily and quickly. PMID- 6678937 TI - The kinetics of acid adsorption by crosslinked casein. AB - A rate law for the diffusion-controlled adsorption of monoprotic mineral acids by crosslinked casein has been determined. From the temperature dependence of the rate constant, the activation energy for the process was found to be 22 kJ mol-1. PMID- 6678938 TI - The ratsbane and the vitamin. PMID- 6678939 TI - Taurocyamine-utilizing mutants from a wild-type strain of Pseudomonas. AB - Pseudomonas sp. ATCC 14676 produces glycocyaminase (EC 3.5.3.2) and guanidinobutyrase (EC 3.5.3.7). Taurocyamine (2-guanidinoethane sulfonate) is a gratuitous inducer of both of these amidinohydrolases. Mutants of this organism capable of utilizing taurocyamine as a nitrogen source were isolated directly from the wild-type cells after uv irradiation or treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro N-nitrosoguanidine; frequencies of mutations observed under appropriate conditions were above 10(-7). Strain U2-3-3, which was selected from the 11 isolated taurocyamine-utilizing strains, was proved to be derived from the wild type strain. Both taurocyamine and 4-guanidinobutyrate were able to induce an enzyme of strain U2-3-3 that liberated urea from taurocyamine, whereas glycocyamine failed to induce the system. The activity of the enzyme toward taurocyamine was found to be about one-third of that toward guanidinobutyrate when both taurocyamine and guanidinobutyrate were used as inducer. These observations suggest that the enzyme of the mutant capable of hydrolyzing taurocyamine has emerged from guanidinobutyrase of the wild-type strain which hydrolyzes taurocyamine at a very low rate, probably as a result of a point mutation in the structural gene. PMID- 6678940 TI - Effect of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 and ethanol on the constituents of gastric mucus. AB - The effect of ethanol, 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (DMPGE2), and ethanol after DMPGE2 pretreatment on the solubilization of protein, glycoprotein, and glycolipid constituents of gastric mucus was investigated. The Lucite chamber stomach-flap preparation was used in dogs whose basal H+ secretion was inhibited by intravenous cimetidine. Graded concentrations (5-80%) of ethanol produced a dose-dependent decrease in potential difference (PD) which was accompanied by an increase in the content of proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids of the instillates. This effect was most pronounced at 40% ethanol. Exposure of gastric mucosa to DMPGE2 at 0.01 microgram/ml had no effect on the transmucosal PD, and the content of investigated components in the instillates increased only slightly over the saline control levels. DMPGE2 at 0.1 microgram/ml, although it did not induce an evident fall of PD, evoked a moderate increase in glycoprotein and glycolipid liberation. Higher doses (above 1.0 microgram/ml) of DMPGE2 were associated with the fall of PD and the increased solubilization of proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. Pretreatment of the mucosa with DMPGE2 in a dose of 1.0 microgram/ml diminished the liberation of the investigated components from the gastric mucosa by 5 and 10% ethanol, but did not prevent the changes evoked by higher concentrations (20-80%) of ethanol. These data indicate that DMPGE2 applied topically protects in part the gastric mucosa against the ethanol-induced solubilization of mucus constituents. PMID- 6678941 TI - Two-dimensional echo-cardiographic estimation of left atrial volume and volume load in patients with congenital heart disease. AB - To estimate the left atrial volume (LAV) and pulmonary blood flow in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), we employed two-dimensional echocardiography (TDE). The LAV was measured in dimensions other than those obtained in conventional M-mode echocardiography (M-mode echo). Mathematical and geometrical models for LAV calculation using the standard long-axis, short-axis and apical four-chamber planes were devised and found to be reliable in a preliminary study using porcine heart preparations, although length (10%), area (20%) and volume (38%) were significantly and consistently underestimated with echocardiography. Those models were then applied and correlated with angiocardiograms (ACG) in 25 consecutive patients with suspected CHD. In terms of the estimation of the absolute LAV, accuracy seemed commensurate with the number of the dimensions measured. The correlation between data obtained by TDE and ACG varied with changing hemodynamics such as cardiac cycle, absolute LAV and presence or absence of volume load. The left atrium was found to become spherical and progressively underestimated with TDE at ventricular endsystole, in larger LAV and with increased volume load. Since this tendency became less pronounced in measuring additional dimensions, reliable estimation of the absolute LAV and volume load was possible when 2 or 3 dimensions were measured. Among those calculation models depending on 2 or 3 dimensional measurements, there was only a small difference in terms of accuracy and predictability, although algorithm used varied from one model to another. This suggests that accurate cross-sectional area measurement is critically important for volume estimation rather than any particular algorithm involved. Cross-sectional area measurement by TDE integrated into a three dimensional equivalent allowed a reliable estimate of the LAV or volume load in a variety of hemodynamic situations where M-mode echo was not reliable. PMID- 6678942 TI - [Contrast echocardiography of the left heart by intravenous injection of perfluorochemical emulsion]. AB - We evaluated a new method of contrast echocardiography of the left heart utilizing the intravenous injection of perfluorochemical emulsion (PFC emulsion: Fluosol-DA 20 W/V%: Green Cross Corp), which was prepared as artificial blood. Observations were made in 18 open-chest dogs. To assess the possibility of detection of mitral valve regurgitation and myocardial perfusion by this method, a small series of experiments were made. Results were as follows: Following the appearance of contrast echoes in the right heart after the injection of PFC emulsion (10 ml) into the inferior vena cava, the left heart contrast echo images were clearly obtained in 16 of the 18 dogs, and they were visible but weak in the remainder 2. The solution of surfactants (Pluronic F-68, yolk phospholipids, and glycerol), which were added to Fluosol-DA, was also used as contrast agent in 6 dogs. The left heart was also opacified by contrast echoes after intravenous injections. However, the density of the left heart contrast echoes appeared lower, as compared with that after the injection of PFC emulsion. When oxygen (95%) was mixed in PFC emulsion or inhaled through the intratracheal tube, the left heart contrast images were slightly enhanced. In 4 of 6 dogs with surgically created mitral valve regurgitation, systolic contrast echoes in the left atrial cavity were detected on the M-mode echograms after the intravenous injection of PFC emulsion (15 ml). These echoes appeared to move across the mitral valve from the left ventricle to the left atrium or away from the mitral valve in the left atrium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6678943 TI - [A case with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]. PMID- 6678944 TI - [A case of congenital unilateral absence of the lung]. PMID- 6678945 TI - [A new approach for the clinical evaluation of the heart sound: an analysis of the heart sound in the estimation of viscoelastic properties of the human left ventricle]. PMID- 6678946 TI - [Case of probable Kawasaki disease with ECG presentation of myocardial infarction in a high school boy]. PMID- 6678947 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular function in patients with coronary heart disease by analysis of systolic time intervals]. PMID- 6678948 TI - [Comparison of left atrial thrombi and myxoma by two-dimensional echocardiography and computed tomography]. PMID- 6678949 TI - [Diagnosis of myocardial infarction by CT: the study of an initial filling defect and late enhancement of the infarcted myocardium after injection of contrast material]. AB - Several animal experimental studies have shown that the enhanced CT gives the direct evidence of acute myocardial infarction characterized by an initial filling defect and late enhancement in the site of the damaged myocardium. Therefore, we studied experimentally and clinically the diagnostic value of these CT findings in detecting and quantitating recent and remote myocardial infarctions. Sixteen mongrel dogs with anterior myocardial infarction were subjected to the present study. The cardiac infarction within one month after coronary arterial ligation was visualized as a filling defect by early CT scan after intravenous injection of contrast material. The delayed scan after the injection showed late enhancement of the infarcted area in both acute and chronic phases. Post mortem histologic studies confirmed that the area of filling defect coincided with the necrotic myocardium and late enhancement coincided with the totally infarcted myocardium including healed scar. The total infarct size measured from CT images was closely correlated with histo-pathological infarct volume (r = 0.96). In the clinical study, the enhanced CT was performed on 112 patients with myocardial infarction and 12 patients with angina pectoris. The filling defect and late enhancement of the infarcted myocardium in the antero septal or apical wall were detected as clearly as in the animal experiment; the former was found in 85% of the patients with recent infarction, and the latter was detected in about a half of the patients with both recent and remote infarctions. However, these CT findings were not clearly recognized in the patients with infero-posterior infarction, subendocardial infarction or angina pectoris. These results indicate the usefulness of CT in the noninvasive diagnosis and a follow-up study of myocardial infarction. PMID- 6678950 TI - [Evaluation of patients with ischemic heart disease by exercise thallium-201 myocardial imaging: comparison with coronary arteriography and graded treadmill exercise testing]. AB - One hundred and eight patients with suspected ischemic heart disease were evaluated by exercise thallium-201 myocardial imaging (T1-IM), coronary arteriography and graded treadmill exercise test (GTX). They were divided into four groups; Group I consisted of 21 patients without significant coronary artery disease (less than 75% diameter stenosis), Group II of 47 patients with significant coronary artery disease (greater than or equal to 75% diameter stenosis) but without previous myocardial infarction, Group III of 24 patients who had previous myocardial infarction with additional coronary artery disease, and Group IV of 16 patients who had previous myocardial infarction without additional coronary artery disease. In Group I, T1-IM showed positive findings in only two patients (9.5%), whereas GTX showed positive findings in seven (33.3%) and borderline findings in four (19.0%). In Group II, T1-IM showed positive findings in 34 patients (74.5%), while GTX showed positive findings in 31 (66.0%) and borderline findings in 12 (25.5%). In Group II, the sensitivity of T1-IM and GTX for identifying severe stenosis (more than 99%) were 95.0% (19 of 20 patients) and 75.0% (15 of 20), respectively, but only 50.0% (four of eight) and 50.0% (four of eight), respectively, for identifying less severe stenosis (about 75%). In Group III, the sensitivity for detecting infarcted lesion by T1-IM was 95.8% (23 of 24 patients), but the sensitivity for detecting ischemic area in the non-infarcted lesion was 41.7% (10 of 24). In Group IV, a significant defect was detected by TI-IM, corresponding to the infarcted site in 14 of 16 patients (87.5%), and periinfarcted ischemia was shown in seven of the 14 patients (50.0%). In both Group III and IV, GTX was positive in only 50% and 31.3%, respectively. We conclude that T1-IM is a useful technique in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia, especially severe coronary stenosis, and is more specific than GTX. However, we must be careful for evaluating ischemic, but not infarcted lesion by T1-IM in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 6678951 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of thallium-201 exercise myocardial scintigraphy and its display on the two-dimensional view of the left ventricular wall as the functional image]. AB - We developed a new method for the quantitative evaluation of 201T1 exercise myocardial scintigraphy. Final diagnostic images obtained by this method were displayed on the two-dimensional views of the left ventricular wall. Five projection images obtained 10 min and 3 hrs after exercise were recorded respectively in the magnetic disk. Each image was divided into seven fan-shaped segments utilizing the apical image as the reference which was placed in the middle. The corrected uptake indices were examined in 20 normal controls and served as the normal data. Each segment was then judged to be intact or ischemic or infarcted by matching the segmental uptakes of the images given 10 min and 3 hrs after exercise. The results were displayed on the computer-assisted color monitor as the two-dimensional view of the left ventricular wall. In order to evaluate its diagnostic usefulness in coronary artery disease, comparative coronary angiography was performed in 25 patients. The present technique proved to have high sensitivity and specificity both in left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery diseases (88 and 78%, respectively in the former and 83 and 89%, respectively in the latter). PMID- 6678952 TI - [New approach for quantifying left ventricular regional wall motion in ischemic heart disease: motion vector analysis of endocardial surface by two-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - To quantify regional wall motion of the left ventricle with two-dimensional echocardiography, the motion of an endocardial surface point in echocardiograms was analyzed throughout systole on frame by frame using video motion analyzer. With a fixed external reference system and in the "69% point (C)" by Ingels et al, the motion vector (M) of a point was expressed in two components; the contracting component (Y) directed toward the point C, and the component vertical to it, the shearing component (X). In the control group, the magnitude of M and its contracting component were widely varied with the location along the endocardial surface (5.6 +/- 1.6, 5.0 +/- 1.5 mm in the apex, 10.9 +/- 2.2, 10.4 +/- 2.0 mm in the inferior base, p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001, respectively). The shearing component and the angle theta at which M and Y meet, showed narrow normal ranges (1.9 +/- 1.4 mm, 15.1 +/- 1.4 mm, 15.1 +/- 11.2 degrees), and were independent of their locations. In the ischemic group, however, the points of non-ischemic regions showed low values of theta (14.9 +/- 8.9 degrees), which were not significantly different from those of the control group, while the points of ischemic regions showed high values of theta (over 2SD of the control group). The distribution of these points with abnormal theta values was well correlated to that of the segments with asynergic motion evaluated by both real-time two-dimensional echocardiography and left ventriculography (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001, respectively). These results suggest that this new approach with quantitative echocardiography is sensitive and specific for the assessment of regional wall motion of the left ventricle and may provide accurate clinical information for the evaluation of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6678953 TI - [Characteristics of left ventricular regional wall relaxation at the infarction site]. AB - In order to investigate relaxation characteristics of the infarcted wall, segment lengths of the left ventricular wall were calculated in 6 patients with anterior myocardial infarction and in 9 angiographically normal subjects. The biplane left coronary cineangiography was performed and coordinates of ramifying points of the left coronary artery on the infarcted or non-infarcted wall were measured and the spatial lengths (segment lengths) on each wall were calculated. If the two points are on the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in infarcted patients, a calculated length is regarded as a segment length in the infarcted portion, while if the length is calculated between the two points located on the coronary artery other than LAD, it is a non-infarcted segment. Each segment length was calculated in frame by frame covering one cardiac cycle. The maximum length (Lmax), minimum length (Lmin) and the length at the beginning of P wave of the electrocardiogram (LECG P) were calculated. The extent of relaxation of the segment caused by atrial kick was calculated as (Lmax--LECG P)/Lmax X 100, (% delta Lla). This value was 2.8 +/- 1.5 and 3.5 +/- 1.4% on anterior and inferior walls, respectively, in 9 normal subjects and 3.6 +/- 1.2 and 4.0 +/- 0.9% in 6 patients with anterior infarction, revealing no significant difference among 4 values. This indicates that the amount of lengthening of the segment by atrial kick remains unchanged even if the wall is infarcted. The extent of diastolic lengthening of the segment by rapid and slow fillings, which excludes atrial filling, was calculated as (LECG P--Lmin)/Lmax X 100, (% delta L1-la).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6678954 TI - [Significance of the fourth heart sound in patients with angina pectoris]. AB - To determine the physiological significance of the fourth heart sound at rest in patients with angina pectoris without previous myocardial infarction, the tension time index (TTI) and the ratio of the diastolic pressure time index (DPTI) to (DPTI/TTI) were calculated from the recordings of the left ventricular and aortic pressure curves. Thirty patients were subjected to the study and they were classified into two groups: Group A consisted of 15 patients with the fourth heart sound and Group B of 15 patients without it. Nine cases of atypical chest pain without the fourth heart sound served as control group. TTI was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (p less than 0.01) and control group (p less than 0.01) (2,552 +/- 489 mmHg X sec/min in Group A, 2,024 +/- 425 mmHg X sec/min in Group B, and 2,023 +/- 209 mmHg X sec/min in control group). DPTI/TTI was significantly lower in Group A than in Group B (p less than 0.01) and control group p less than 0.001) (1.16 +/- 0.19 in Group A, 1.55 +/- 0.39 in Group B, and 1.45 +/- 0.15 in control group). Left ventricular systolic pressure tended to be higher in Group A than in Group B and control group. There was no significant difference in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac index among three groups and there was no difference in the prevalence of left ventricular asynergy on left ventriculography between Group A and Group B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6678955 TI - [Visualization of peripheral left coronary aneurysms in Kawasaki disease by subcostal two-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - Our previous study provided a new two-dimensional echocardiographic technique for detecting peripheral "right" coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease using a subcostal approach. In the present paper, we presented an additional study for detecting peripheral "left" coronary artery aneurysms. Because the left anterior descending artery runs along the anterior interventricular sulcus and the left circumflex artery around the mitral valve ring, both coronary regions are difficult to search by a conventional method. Then coronary aneurysms of these regions were searched using the subcostal approach in this study. First, the sector beam was directed toward the heart on a plane parallel to a line between the patient's shoulders which allowed simultaneous visualization of four chambers (P1). The area around the mitral valve ring in this plane was examined for coronary aneurysms of the peripheral left circumflex artery. Secondary, the beam section was positioned parallel to the line cutting both the long axes of the sternum and spinal column which allowed visualization of the right ventricular outflow tract, pulmonary valves, interventricular septum, mitral valves and left atrium (P2). Thirdly, the sector plane was angled to the left (P3), and still more to the left (P4) until the left atrium just disappeared. By scanning from P2 to P4, the area around the mitral valve ring was examined for coronary aneurysms of the peripheral left circumflex artery. By scanning from P4 to the cardiac apex (P5), the anterior interventricular sulcus was searched for coronary aneurysms of the peripheral left anterior descending artery. Of 143 patients with Kawasaki disease, aged two months to 8 years, 7 peripheral left coronary aneurysms were visualized in five patients. These were three aneurysms in the left circumflex artery at the origin of the obtuse marginal artery, two aneurysms in segment 13, and two aneurysms in the left anterior descending artery at the origin of the second diagonal branch. These echocardiographic features coincided well in size, shape and anatomic location with angiographic appearances. In one patient whose echocardiogram in sector P2 showed a small echo-free space (2 X 2 mm) at the area around the mitral valve ring, the angiographic study showed the intact left circumflex artery, suggesting that there was a limitation to distinguish a very small coronary aneurysm from a normal one. There was no false negative diagnosis. These results showed that this new echocardiographic technique is useful for detecting peripheral left coronary aneurysms in patients with Kawasaki disease. PMID- 6678956 TI - [Evaluation of constrictive pericarditis by computed tomography]. AB - Since extensive studies of constrictive pericarditis by CT have not been reported, we performed a plain and contrast enhanced CT on 4 patients of constrictive pericarditis diagnosed by cardiac catheterization or echocardiography and confirmed at the time of surgical operation. The CT findings were as follows: The normal pericardium was smooth, could be visualized in the right and anterior regions of the heart, and was approximately or less 2 mm in thickness. On the other hand, the pericardium in constrictive pericarditis was irregularly thickened, was visualized even in the left and posterior regions of the heart, and was more than 2 mm in thickness. The mean CT value of the pericardium in constrictive pericarditis was significantly increased as compared with that of the normal pericardium. The contrast enhanced CT image revealed a marked dilatation of superior and inferior caval veins (SVC and IVC) even in the cases with normal size of each cardiac chamber. The ECG gated CT performed on one case demonstrated the impaired ventricular expansion. After pericardiectomy, the ventricular chambers showed a tendency to dilate, and the dimension of the SVC and IVC were reduced. Thus, CT is thought to be a useful noninvasive technique in evaluating the thickness of the pericardium, its pathology and the degree of dilatation in each cardiac chamber or the vena cavae. PMID- 6678957 TI - [Two-dimensional echo-cardiographic study on left atrial thrombi in patients with a mitral prosthetic valve]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiographic study was performed to detect left atrial thrombi in 33 patients with a prosthetic mitral valve. The subjects were 9 males and 24 females and their ages ranged from 21 to 61 years (average 43.2 years). Their prosthetic valves consisted of 18 Hancock, three Carpentier-Edwards, four Bjork-Shiley, four Starr-Edwards and four St. Jude Medical valves. Two dimensional echocardiograms were obtained using a Toshiba SSH-11A echograph with an electronic phased-array scanner. The left parasternal, apical, subcostal and right parasternal windows were used to detect left atrial thrombi. In five of the 33 patients, a left atrial thrombus was demonstrated as a mass echo attached to the posterior wall of the left atrium. The clinical and echographic features of five patients with a left atrial thrombus (Group A) were compared to those of 28 patients without it (Group B). The average age at the time of operation was 44.6 +/- 9.7 years in Group A and 43.0 +/- 9.5 years in Group B, showing no difference between the two groups. In 10 of the 33 patients, a left atrial thrombus was confirmed by the initial operation. In only one of these 10 patients, a left atrial thrombus was demonstrated by post-operative two-dimensional echocardiographic examination. The presence or absence of a left atrial thrombus in the pre-operative stage did not clearly relate to the occurrence of a left atrial thrombus in the post-operative stage. The cardio-thoracic ratio was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in Group A (74.4 +/- 6.3%) than in Group B (58.1 +/- 8.1%). Left atrial dimension by M-mode echocardiograms was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) in Group A (70.6 +/- 11.3 mm) than in Group B (51.6 +/- 7.7 mm). The length of the pseudo-septalized left ventricular posterior wall was longer (p less than 0.05) in Group A (34.0 +/- 11.5 mm) than in Group B (12.8 +/- 9.4 mm). The angle between the perpendicular to the mitral annulus and the upper part of the interventricular septum was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in Group A (58.6 +/- 18.0 degrees) than in Group B (18.8 +/- 9.6 degrees). The characteristics observed in Group A were thought to be caused mainly by the giant left atrium. Therefore it is concluded that there is a close relationship between left atrial thrombi and the giant left atrium in patients with a mitral prosthetic valve. PMID- 6678959 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse in the heart with pressure overload of the right ventricle]. AB - The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) was examined in 16 patients with right ventricular pressure overload with a peak systolic pressure ranged from 60 to 204 mmHg (Group 1; 9 cases of primary pulmonary hypertension and 7 cases of pulmonary valve stenosis), and the clinical and echocardiographic data were compared to those of 12 patients with idiopathic MVP (Group 2) and 10 healthy persons (Group 3). MVP was defined when either or both of the mitral valve leaflets protruded into the left atrium beyond the plane of the mitral ring, and "gap" was defined as positive when one of the leaflets of the mitral valve slipped 3 mm or more without prolapse toward the left atrium than the other leaflet. Eccentricity of the left ventricle was obtained from the cross-sectional view of the left ventricle at the mid-ventricular level: the ratio of the internal diameter (S) passing through the mid-point of the interventricular septum (IVS) and perpendicular to the IVS divided by the longest internal diameter (L) parallel to the IVS, at end-diastole (S/L(d] and at end-systole (S/L(s], respectively. The following results were obtained. MVP was found in seven cases of 16 patients (43.8%) of Group 1. Two cases had positive "gap" (12.5%). Eccentricity of the left ventricle in Group 1 (S/L(d) 0.81 +/- 0.12, S/L(s) 0.78 +/- 0.15) was more marked than that of Group 2 (S/L(d) 0.98 +/- 0.09, S/L(s) 1.02 +/- 0.06) or of Group 3 (S/L(d) 1.03 +/- 0.08, S/L(s) 1.00 +/- 0.04) (p less than 0.001 in each).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6678958 TI - [Diagnosis of left atrial masses by computed tomography: with special reference to the differentiation between mural thrombi and myxomas]. AB - Computed tomographic features of left atrial mural thrombi were compared with those of left atrial myxomas using a third generation system. In seven of 23 patients with mitral valvular disease, computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a total of 12 left atrial mural thrombi. There was calcification in about one-third of the thrombi and marked calcification of the mitral valve in all the seven cases. Mean CT value of the 12 thrombi ranged from +17.5 to +89.8 Hounsfield units (HU) (average +44.5 HU), and in only one it was below +20 HU. All thrombi appeared to be heterogeneous and irregular in shape such as elliptic, triangular or flat on cross-sectional tomogram. In addition, reconstructed coronal and sagittal imagings from serial CT images were very useful for localizing the calcification in the thrombi and determining the site of the attachment of the thrombi to the atrial wall. On the other hand, calcification of the tumor or mitral valve was not detected in two patients with left atrial myxomas by CT. The mean CT value of myxoma was averaged +30.2 HU, which was lower than that of thrombi. Both myxomas were ovoid in shape and appeared to be homogeneous in CT images. ECG gated CT revealed pendular movement of the tumor which prolapsed through the mitral orifice into the left ventricular inflow tract during diastole and backed into the left atrium during systole, although it was slightly difficult to detect the site of the attachment of the tumor. In conclusion, we should evaluate appearances, calcification of the mitral valve, mean CT value, shape and movement in the computed tomographic diagnosis of left atrial masses. In consideration of these characteristic findings, differentiation between mural thrombi and myxomas could be made. PMID- 6678960 TI - [Left ventricular regional wall motion after correction of tetralogy of Fallot]. AB - Cardiac function and left ventricular regional wall motion were examined using two-dimensional echocardiography in 40 post-operative patients of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) of an average of 13 years after the correction. From the data of treadmill exercise test and cardiac catheterization, patients were classified into two groups; cases with complete ability for treadmill test (Group A, n = 22), and disabled for the test and the right ventricular systolic pressure above 50 mmHg (Group B, n = 18). Compared with the control group (n = 10), the patient groups had greater cardiothoracic ratios (CTR) and right/left ventricular dimensions (RVd/LVd) (p less than 0.001), and Group B had a greater CTR and RVd/LVd than Group A (respectively p less than 0.001). Compared with the control group, the patient groups had no significant differences in corrected ejection time, fractional shortening and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, and no difference was noted between Group A and Group B. Left ventricular regional wall was divided into 12 segments around the left ventricular circumference on the two-dimensional short-axis view and the regional wall motion was evaluated on the basis of [(diastolic-systolic)/diastolic left hemiaxial length X 100%] values. In Group B, akinetic or dyskinetic wall motion was visualized at the interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall, but there was no abnormal motion in the control group and Group A. We concluded that even in postoperative patients with preserved cardiac function at rest, some of them had abnormal left ventricular regional wall motion due to the persistent right ventricular overload or corrective patch, resulting in low exercise capacity. PMID- 6678961 TI - Study of atrial contraction in sick sinus syndrome using conventional and esophageal echocardiography. AB - To evaluate the active systolic function of both atria in sick sinus syndrome (SSS), conventional and esophageal echocardiograms were recorded in 22 normal subjects (Normal), 5 patients (pts) with sinus bradycardia (Group I), 9 with sinoatrial block or sinus arrest (Group II), 10 with bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome (BTS, Group III) and 6 with transient atrial fibrillation (Group IV). Two pts in Group II and 8 in Group III had a history of syncope. Atrial filling fraction obtained by the left ventricular echogram (AFF by LV echo) and posterior wall excursion of the aorta during atrial contraction (Ea) were determined by the conventional echocardiogram. The excursion of the interatrial septum during atrial contraction (Eb) and the dimensional shortening of the right atrium during atrial contraction (Ec) were determined by the esophageal echocardiogram. Results were as follows: AFF was almost the same in Normal, and Group I, II and IV, but it was significantly lower in Group III. AFF was also decreased in 2 pts in Group II who had a history of syncope. Both Ea and Eb in Group III were significantly lower than those in the other groups. Ec was not significantly different among all groups, although one patient in Group III had markedly decreased Ec. There was a significant correlation between Ea and AFF (r = 0.638, p less than 0.001). We conclude that in a number of cases with SSS, especially BTS, left atrial active contraction is significantly impaired in addition to the electrophysiological abnormality. PMID- 6678962 TI - [Isoproterenol infusion stress two-dimensional echocardiography in detecting coronary artery disease]. AB - Dynamic exercise two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography has been utilized as a valuable method in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there are some limitations in this technique including inability to apply for patients whose physical capacity is limited. Moreover, appropriate echocardiographic recordings are frequently difficult because of bodily movements and/or hyperventilation during exercise. In order to overcome these limitations, we examined whether isoproterenol (ISP) infusion stress 2-D echocardiography could detect transient LV asynergy or not. The subjects consisted of 19 cases with angina pectoris (AP), 16 with old myocardial infarction (OMI), nine with atypical chest pain syndrome and six with miscellaneous heart disease. ISP stress test was performed prospectively as follows: ISP was infused at a rate of 0.02 microgram/kg/min until anginal pain occurred or significant ST depression (elevation) developed. Real time 2-D echocardiograms were obtained in the short axis or apical RAO views of the LV before and every one minute during ISP infusion test. Coronary artery stenosis was considered to be present if the narrowing was 50% or more in the luminal diameter. The results were as follows: Adequate echocardiographic recordings were obtained in 86.1% of LV segments at rest, and in 82.2% during ISP infusion. Echocardiographic recordings during ISP infusion were feasible in almost all cases. LV wall motion abnormalities were detected in 12 (86%) of the 14 subjects with OMI and two (29%) of the seven subjects with AP at rest, while induced or exaggerated in nine (64%) of the 14 subjects with OMI and all of the 7 subjects with AP during ISP infusion. On the other hand, LV wall motion remained entirely normal during ISP infusion in 11 (92%) of the 12 subjects without CAD. In 4 (40%) of these 10 subjects without CAD, electrocardiographic judgements were positive in the ISP stress test. None had hazardous arrhythmias or severe anginal pain. ISP infusion stress 2-D echocardiography possessed feasibility of detecting LV wall motion abnormalities because this method could exclude difficulty of recordings due to bodily movements and/or hyperventilation seen in exercise echocardiography. Compared with ISP stress electrocardiography, 2-D echocardiography seemed to be superior with respect to the specificity in detecting CAD. In conclusion, ISP stress echocardiography is a safe and useful method in the diagnosis of CAD. PMID- 6678963 TI - Evoked potentials in rats with misonidazole neurotoxicity. I. Brain stem auditory evoked potentials. AB - Central neurotoxicity produced in rats by daily administration of 300 mg/kg of misonidazole (MISO) 5 times/week for 4-5 weeks (total dose = 6.0 gm/kg) was evaluated weekly wit brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). Compared to untreated control rats, all treated rats had a prolongation of the I-IV interpeak latency (p less than 0.005) at a mean of 13.2 +/- 2.7 days at a cumulative dose of approximately 4.0 gm/kg of MISO per rat. In some rats, the I-III and I-II interwave latencies were prolonged and waves III and IV were lost. Control rats did not show any significant alteration in BAEP latency or amplitude. Histopathologic examination of the brain stems of treated rats showed that necrotic lesions were present primarily in the nuclei of the tegmentum of the fourth ventricle, with scattered nuclear involvement in the cerebellar roof nuclei, inferior olive, and nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve. The cerebral cortex appeared to be normal in all treated rats. Changes in BAEPs caused by central neurotoxicity correlated with the histopathologic findings. We conclude that BAEPs are a sensitive method for evaluating MISO central neurotoxicity in the rat model. PMID- 6678964 TI - Evoked potentials in rats with misonidazole neurotoxicity. II. Somatosensory evoked potentials. AB - Spinal and cortical somatosensory potentials were recorded weekly in rats treated with misonidazole at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day until clinical signs of severe neurotoxicity developed. After sacrifice, the brains, spinal cords and sciatic nerves were examined. All treated rats developed necrotic brain stem lesions identical to those previously described by Griffin and by us. Two rats had mild demyelination of spinal cord white matter tracts, but only one of these rats had changes in the SEPs. Interestingly, changes in the cervical and cortical SEP from this rat were only transient. We conclude that misonidazole neurotoxicity in the rat predominantly affects the brain stem nuclei adjacent to the fourth ventricle without involving the lemniscal pathways that are situated ventromedially in the brain stem. Therefore, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) are not useful for the diagnosis of MISO neurotoxicity. PMID- 6678965 TI - Management of brain metastases from breast cancer by combination chemotherapy. AB - Since most patients with brain metastases from breast cancer have disseminated disease elsewhere and a dismal prognosis when treated by whole brain irradiation alone, we investigated the use of systemic chemotherapy in 66 such patients. Fifty-two percent (34 of 66 patients) demonstrated an objective response to this therapy which was similar to the results obtained in patients treated for extracranial metastases. Eighteen patients who subsequently had recurrence of brain metastases were successfully retreated with secondary chemotherapy. The median duration of remission in 34 responders was ten months. The median survival, from the time of chemotherapy for brain metastases, was 13.1 months in 34 responders (range 5-74+) vs. 3.0 months in 32 non-responders (P less than 0.001). These findings suggest that systemic chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of patients with brain metastases from breast cancer by inducing remission and prolonging survival. PMID- 6678967 TI - Extensive advanced maturation of medulloblastoma to astrocytoma and ependymoma. AB - Four cases of medulloblastoma in children are reported in which a marked degree of differentiation towards neoplastic adult glioma cells was observed. The original immature and highly malignant tissue had largely disappeared in three and completely disappeared in the fourth. The mature tissues which replaced them included astrocytoma tissues in all four, but ependymoma tissues predominated in two. These cases illustrate a general principle applicable to embryonic tumors, defined as those originating in cells that are still immature. Such maturation and differentiation are presumably associated with a decrease in growth rate and an improved prognosis. A continuation of the process of maturation may account for the unexpectedly favorable course sometimes noted with gliomas in children. The processes of differentiation, dedifferentiation, and anaplasia are discussed, particularly the semantic implications of the terms, and it is suggested that the term "dedifferention" is unfortunate since it may have two different meanings. It may be used as a synonym of anaplasia, or it may imply a progression of change backward on the embryologic pathways along which primitive cells normally mature. The latter may not occur, but the assumption that it does leads to views concerning the glioma group as a whole and the phenomena described in this paper, which we hold to be untentable. PMID- 6678966 TI - Concentration of vinblastine in human intracerebral tumor and other tissues. AB - Uptake of vinblastine into human cerebrospinal fluid, intracerebral tumor and autopsy tissues was quantitated radiochemically after separating vinblastine from its metabolites by high pressure liquid chromatography. Only low concentrations of vinblastine were found in cerebrospinal fluid from a single patient. A second patient who received a tracer dose of radiolabelled vinblastine prior to surgical resection of an intracerebral tumor had slightly less radioactivity in tumor than in temporalis muscle, but more in tumor than in edematous brain surrounding the tumor. The radioactivity in tumor increased gradually and exceeded concurrent plasma radioactivity by 2 hr after drug administration. A third patient died 4 hr into a planned 24-hr infusion of radiolabeled vinblastine. Highest vinblastine concentrations were found in organs with high blood flow such as kidney and heart. Intermediate concentrations were found in liver and lung, and low concentrations were found in prostate, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, muscle, bladder, and hepatic and lymph node metastases. A fourth patient died one month after receiving radiolabeled vinblastine. Highest concentrations were in liver and next highest concentrations were in intracerebral tumor. Moderately high concentrations were found in pancreas, thyroid, lung, spleen, ovary, kidney, and kidney metastases. Lowest concentrations were found in omental metastases, heart, breast, and brain. Vinblastine concentration decreased with increasing distance into brain from the brain metastases. Thus, vinblastine was not selectively localized in tumors. The concentrations in tumor did not reflect the concentration in the organ in which the tumor was located. There was no indication that uptake into intracerebral tumor was impaired. Cerebrospinal fluid and brain concentrations of vinblastine did not give any indication of the concentration attainable in intracerebral tumor. PMID- 6678968 TI - Brain CT-scanning and neurological examination in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - A brain CT-scan and a neurological examination were performed on forty-nine consecutive patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma before the start of chemotherapy and every three months thereafter. Contrast-enhancement was used in 90% of the CT-scans. Ninety percent of the neurologic examinations were performed by the same neurologist. No prophylactic cranial irradiation was given, and cranial irradiation was withheld if a CT-scan indicated metastases, unless the patient was symptomatic. Thirty-five patients are evaluable including 34 with a brain autopsy. CNS-metastases were found in 18 patients. Two of them had not been examined within three months of autopsy and are excluded from the calculations of diagnostic accuracy. Of the remaining 16 patients 10 had a correct diagnosis of cerebral metastases made by CT-scan, while the neurologist made 11 correct diagnoses of CNS-metastases. Seventeen patients did not have CNS-metastases including one patient alive and free of disease. Fifteen and 11 were judged to be free of metastases by the CT-scan and the neurologist, respectively. Two patients with negative autopsies had positive CT-scans turning negative at subsequent examinations. Two had positive CT-scans which became negative and at autopsy CNS metastases were located at different sites from those initially indicated by CT. The positive predictive value of CT-scan was 71%, while the negative predictive value was 71%. In conclusion, routine CT-scan and neurological examination are equally sensitive but have low yields when there is no clinical suspicion of CNS metastases. The predictive value of CT-scanning could possibly be higher with the newer generations of equipment. PMID- 6678969 TI - Brain metastases from colon cancer. AB - Between 1977 and 1980 we evaluated 40 patients who developed brain metastases from colon cancer (4% of total patients with colon cancer). The brain metastasis was discovered in only one patient prior to cancer diagnosis; all others had known colon cancer for 2 to 48 months (median 24.5 months) prior to neurologic presentation. The colon tumor was left-sided in 32; 32 had regional lymph node metastases at neurological presentation; 37 patients had extensive systemic metastasis as well as the brain lesion. Median survival from onset of therapy for brain metastasis was 9 weeks in 32 radiation therapy (RT) treated patients (range, 2-57 weeks), 37 weeks in 7 surgically resected patients (2-84 weeks), and 4 weeks (3.5 weeks) in 2 chemotherapy patients. Follow-up demonstrated recurrent tumor (median 4 months). The prognosis for patients with brain metastasis in colon cancer is poor, regardless of therapy. PMID- 6678970 TI - Intra-arterial BCNU in the treatment of metastatic brain tumors. AB - Thirty-one patients with metastatic brain tumors that either failed to respond or recurred after conventional therapy were treated by intra-arterial infusion of 100 mg/m2 of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) into either a carotid or vertebral artery. Five patients (three with lung cancer, one with breast cancer and one with melanoma) had a partial response of the tumor(s) in the distribution of the injected artery. In two patients, brain metastases not in the distribution of the injected artery enlarged, while the tumors perfused by the injected artery responded. In one of these patients, subsequent infusion of BCNU to the enlarging tumor resulted in a partial response. Among responders, the median survival following onset of BCNU was 17 weeks. One patient remains alive and well at 30 weeks. No permanent neurological, retinal or systemic toxicity was observed. PMID- 6678971 TI - The pharmacologic fate of 2,5-diaziridinyl-3,6-bis(carboethoxyamino) 1,4 benzoquinone (AZQ NSC-182986) by intracarotid or intravenous administration in beagles. AB - Beagle dogs received either intravenous (I.V.) or intracarotid (I.C.) 14C ring labelled 2,5-diaziridinyl-3,6-bis-(carboethoxyamino) 1,4-benzoquinone (AZQ) at a dose of 2 mg/kg. Blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected at intervals. At varying times, dogs from each group were sacrificed and histologic examination and drug determinations were performed on the major organs. By both routes of administration, the elimination of AZQ from plasma was biphasic with an initial half-life of 18 min and a terminal half-life of 26 hr. The apparent volume of distribution was 7.9 l/kg and the total clearance was 3.5 ml/kg/h. The 96 hr cumulative urinary excretion of total 14C was 41% of the administered dose, including 4% as the unchanged drug. At 1, 48, and 96 hr after I.C. AZQ, drug concentrations in the brain tissue were twice those by the I.V. route. High drug concentrations in the CSF were produced by both routes, although the CSF to plasma ratio was higher by I.C. than I.V. In extracranial organs, tissue concentrations of AZQ were at least twice as high by I.V. than by I.C. administration. No significant clinical or neurologic toxicity were noted when AZQ was given I.C. In the dog I.C. administration of AZQ seems to accelerate drug entry into the brain tissue. PMID- 6678973 TI - Intracranial metastases. Management and the place of the CT scan in patients who are treated with surgery only. AB - Five hundred and fifty-three patients with intracranial metastases were analysed, before and after the availability of CT scanning, from three neurosurgical centres. A further analysis of 318 patients, who had a total excision carried out, was made from the six groups (i.e. posterior fossa or craniotomy in each centre) before and after CT scanning was available. A statistically significant reduction in the excision rate occurred in one group after the CT scan was available, and the very small number of patients who survived for more than 12 months was not significantly increased in the groups who had a CT scan carried out. Median survival in the various groups, whether analysed on a unit basis or with all three units combined, was not only poor (two to five months) but was not significantly better in the groups investigated with CT scanning. It would therefore appear that the use of the CT scan has not enabled a more careful selection of patients suitable for excision to take place or improved the median survival. Thus, by implication, and from the evidence of the literature, a more intensive preoperative investigation should be considered in order to exclude possible extracranial metastases and appraise the place of cranial irradiation. PMID- 6678972 TI - Biochemical and histochemical evaluation of glycosaminoglycans in brain tumors induced in rats by nitrosourea derivatives. AB - The occurrence, distribution and concentration of GAGs in ENU and MNU experimental brain tumors induced in the rat are reported. GAGs have been histochemically studied by Alcian Blue methods; they have been quantified and qualitatively evaluated by electrophoresis of brain extracts. The pattern of GAGs in normal rats is consistent with the data of the literature. No GAG accumulation precedes the tumor development. Early neoplastic proliferations, oligodendroglial and mixed glial microtumors are strongly alcian-positive; the alcianophilia spares clusters of cells developing a cytoplasm. In large tumors, GAGs are histochemically demonstrable in the honey-comb areas of oligodendrogliomas and in peripheral infiltration areas of polymorphic gliomas. The role of the normal nervous tissue and oligodendroglial cells in the accumulation of the GAGs is discussed. The accumulated GAGs seem to rise from the nervous tissue included in the tumors, rather than from the metabolism of tumor cells. PMID- 6678974 TI - Brain metastasis from melanoma. AB - Eighty-one patients with brain metastasis from melanoma were identified at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) between 1978 and 1980. Of 78 evaluable patients, 51 (65%) had multiple brain metastases. Of 64 patients with non-contrast CT scans, 29% had hemorrhagic metastases. Leptomeningeal metastases were found in 15 patients. Patients were grouped into three categories: Group 1, multiple brain metastases treated with radiation therapy (RT) (n = 49); Group 2, single brain metastasis treated with RT (n = 17); Group 3, single brain metastasis treated with surgery with or without RT (n = 9). Median survivals for Groups 1, 2 and 3 were 11, 9 and 41 weeks, respectively. Eighty-six percent, 65% and 33% of patients in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, were steroid-dependent until death. Seizures occurred in 38 patients (48%). In 17 (21%), seizures were the first manifestation of metastasis. Of 51 patients not receiving prophylactic anticonvulsants, 37% had seizures. Of 12 patients treated prophylactically, 17% developed seizures. Surgical extirpation should be considered in highly selected patients with brain metastasis from melanoma. Prophylactic anticonvulsants are recommended if there is no contraindication. PMID- 6678975 TI - The immunological response of Wistar rats to the intracranially implanted C-6 glioma cell line. AB - The immune response of Wistar rats to the intracranial inoculum of 1 X 10(5) C-6 glioma cells was evaluated. The growth of these cells disrupted the blood-brain barrier by day 9. The rats with the implanted tumor cells died between three to four weeks following injection. No significant cell-mediated cytotoxicity against 51Cr labelled C-6 cells was seen in the short term (4 hours) cytotoxicity assay with spleen cells obtained from glioma-bearing rats at any stage of tumor growth. In the long term (18 hours) cytotoxicity assay, significant activity was detected using whole, adherent and nonadherent spleen cells from glioma-bearing rats at every assessment point during the growth of the tumor, but this cytotoxicity was also seen in normal rat splenocytes. The lack of cell mediated cytotoxicity above normal values was not due to a generalized immunosuppression since splenocytes from glioma bearers were found to have responses to Con A comparable to normal controls. However, normal or glioma-bearer splenocytes showed augmented cytotoxicity in the presence of serum obtained from rats bearing a glioma tumor starting by day 13 of tumor growth and rising in cytotoxic activity until death. This activity was not seen with normal serum. The glioma-bearer serum, though not cytotoxic to the C-6 cells alone, became cytotoxic with the addition of rabbit complement. These data indicate that the growth of intracranially implanted glioma cells in rats elicits primarily a humoral cytotoxic immunity without a significant cell-mediated immunity. This humoral immunity develops after the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 6678978 TI - [Proceedings of the 56th annual meeting of the Japan Association of Industrial Health. Symposia and abstracts]. PMID- 6678976 TI - Morphology and biology of cerebellar neuroblastomas. AB - A nodular neuroblastoma was partially removed from the cerebellar vermis of a 15 month-old boy. Postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy were performed. More than 5 years later, re-operation revealed a mature ganglioglioma. Problems relating to the maturation of ganglionic tumors are discussed. The present case emphasizes that it is not justified to regard all neuroblastomas of the central nervous system as highly malignant neoplasms (grade IV). PMID- 6678977 TI - Preliminary report: experience with the use of dantrolene sodium in the treatment of bites by the black widow spider Latrodectus hesperus. PMID- 6678979 TI - [3-dimensional display of CT images of the human brain]. PMID- 6678980 TI - [The development of A/K prosthesis with the knee joint torque generation mechanism adaptable to walking period]. PMID- 6678981 TI - [A new method of EMG processing for controlling prostheses and the approach to the prediction of the walking period by EMG]. PMID- 6678982 TI - [Analysis of dynamic force during a rapid voluntary movement of the human elbow extensors]. PMID- 6678983 TI - [Measurement of the threshold of pain sensation by indentation amplitude of a stimulus needle]. PMID- 6678985 TI - [Ultrasonic grinding method for beveling micropipettes for electrophysiological measurements]. PMID- 6678984 TI - [Trial production of a critical-fusion frequency (CFF) equipment using high-speed liquid crystal]. PMID- 6678986 TI - [Biological transport function of the intestinal epithelium]. PMID- 6678987 TI - [Influence of the catheter diameter on the manometric measurements of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES); with special reference to the application for children]. AB - In order to study the influence of the catheter diameter for measurement of the LES pressure, the LES pressure of rats was measured by using 6 kinds of catheters of different diameters. The results showed that the pressure of LES was 13.8 +/- 3.7 cmH2O, 15.2 +/- 3.2 cmH2O, 18.1 +/- 4.4 cmH2O, 22.3 +/- 6.7 cmH2O, 30.3 +/- 10.0 cmH2O and 42.0 +/- 11.9 cmH2O, respectively with the catheter diameter of 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10 Fr. The larger the diameter of the esophageal tube, the higher the pressure of LES, in the range of more than a 5 Fr. tube. (P less than 0.05) Even in the LES model made of the isolated esophagus of rat, the diameter pressure curve was similar with the LES measurement of the anesthetized rats. The increased pressure of LES was caused by an increase in tension from the esophageal wall to its proper pressure. For measurement of LES pressure of rats, the catheter of 3 Fr. or 4 Fr. in the outer diameter was more suitable since there was no tension from the esophageal wall. In order to search an appropriate catheter diameter for children, the LES pressure of 11 neonates and 12 infants were either measured with various kinds of tubes. The pressure of LES of neonates was 34.4 +/- 8.4 cmH2O, 36.4 +/- 10.7 cmH2O, 39.6 +/- 10 cmH2O, 46.0 +/- 8.7 cmH2O and 61.8 +/- 22.9 cmH2O, respectively with the catheter diameter of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 Fr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6678988 TI - [Experimental studies of intraluminal factors influencing gastroesophageal reflux]. AB - A sensor catheter which could measure lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) accurately for a certain period has been long waited. Constantly infused open tip method is most popularly used. However, it is rather difficult to measure LESP continuously by this method because of difficulty of a tip of the catheter in position. Recently, Dent reported a new apparatus called a sleeve sensor for continuous measurement of LESP. We have made and tested a sleeve sensor similar to Dent's. Our studies disclosed that the sleeve sensor was not sensitive enough to measure LESP in children. We designed a different apparatus with a balloon sensor. The detail of the apparatus and the results tested in a LES model and dogs have been reported in this paper. The studies showed that it was sensitive enough to measure LESP. Decrease in sensitivity and inaccuracy due to unstable 0 point for a balloon sensor, have been overcome by elevating the intraballoon pressure continuously and by calibrating at two points. PMID- 6678989 TI - [Some properties of the non-adrenergic inhibitory potentials in the duodenal smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig]. AB - The inhibitory potentials (i.p.s) in the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig duodenum were recorded intracellularly. The amplitude and the time course of the i.p.s were similar in both muscle cells. The i.p.s were not blocked by atropine and guanethidine. Thus, the i.p. has non-cholinergic and non-adrenergic nature. Paired pulse with various intervals evoked two i.p.s. The amplitude of the second i.p. was smaller than that of the first. This decrease in the amplitude may be due to decrease in an amount of the released inhibitory transmitter. The i.p.s in the longitudinal muscle and the tension in the longitudinal direction were recorded simultaneously. No change in the tension was observed when the i.p.s were evoked. In the active preparations, the spontaneous action potentials were inhibited by the evoked i.p.s and the tension was reduced. The post-stimulus depolarization was intimately associated with the evoked i.p.s. The magnitude and the duration of the post-stimulus depolarization were depended on the preceding i.p.s. The evoked i.p.s in the longitudinal and circular muscle cells of the duodenum and the ileum were not affected by the periarterial nerve stimulation. PMID- 6678990 TI - Convergence and retraction nystagmus in hydrocephalus due to shunt malfunction. PMID- 6678991 TI - Computed tomographic findings of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 6678992 TI - Intracranial lipomas. Case presentations and CT features. PMID- 6678993 TI - Fatigue fracture of the ulna. Case report. PMID- 6678995 TI - Natural and unnatural histories of the pulmonary vascular circulation with a ventricular septal defect (VSD). PMID- 6678994 TI - Observation on a case of fibroma by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 6678996 TI - [Results of prospective cytological diagnoses of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia]. AB - The value of prospective cytologic diagnosis in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is analysed by means of ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves. Examined was a group of 160 women with subsequent cone biopsies. The result of a prospective cytologic diagnosis in moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ is analysed separately, taking into consideration the particular frequencies in the studied group. The most reliable prospective cytologic diagnosis is in moderate dysplasia, followed by carcinoma in situ a slightly more reliable prospective diagnosis than that in severe dysplasia. PMID- 6678997 TI - [The effect of delayed insemination on fertilization in vitro and the development of human embryos]. AB - Extracorporeal fertilization of 363 oocytes was applied in 148 patients with tubal infertility. The aspiration of the follicles was performed 36 to 38 hrs after the onset of the endogenous LH rise or 36 hrs after injection of hCG. Oocytes maturity was evaluated on the basis of the morphological appearance of the cumulus oophorus. The eggs were incubated in culture medium before insemination. The duration of delayed insemination had a marked effect on the proportion of fertilized oocytes and the development of embryos (X2 = 10.34, P = 0.05). After maturation of 1.5 to 3.5 hrs, minimal preovulatory oocytes were fertilized and developed to embryos. Maturation of 3.5 to 5.5 hrs increased the number of fertilized oocytes from 56% to 71.7% and the number of embryos from 50% to 55.1%. After 5.5 to 7.5 hrs of maturation significantly more fertilized oocytes (t = 2.4, P less than 0.02) and developed embryos (t = 2.41, P less than 0.02) were obtained. Preincubation of intermediary preovulatory or immature oocytes had no beneficial effect on the fertilization rate and the development of embryos. PMID- 6678998 TI - [Cancer of the uterus treated at the Maribor Hospital from 1961 to 1978]. AB - From 1961-1978, 218 patients with the carcinoma of the corpus uteri were treated in the hospital of Maribor . They were on average 60 years old. In most of the cases (87%) the disease was classified as stage I. Only the operation was performed in 15.6% of the patients, only radiation in 11.5%, and in the rest of patients a combined therapy was used. The patients survived a 5-year period in 75%; the best prognosis was observed in stage I a-84%. PMID- 6678999 TI - [Clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium]. AB - There are presented two cases of clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium. In one 63-years old, was stage II, and in the second, 49-years old, stage I. Both were treated with surgery and actinotherapy. The first woman from them live 8 years without tumour, and the second 7 months. PMID- 6679000 TI - [Hypocorticism, pregnancy, labor and the newborn infant]. AB - The authors followed up a pregnant woman with Addison's disease. Prior to, and throughout pregnancy, she received hydrocortisone in daily doses of 20 mg. The basic disease did not deteriorate during pregnancy. The pregnancy was terminated in the 41st week of gestation by induced labour. The infant's birth weight was below the 10th centile for the gestational age. Apgar score was 6. During the puerperium, the maternal basic disease got worse, requiring the increased substitution therapy. Both the mother and child discharged in good condition, on the 11th postpartal day. PMID- 6679001 TI - [The frequency of premature labor before and after administering beta sympathomimetics in clinical practice]. AB - From 1971 to 1975, when beta sympathicomimetics were not used, from total 13 561 deliveries 6.06% were preterm deliveries. In years 1976-1980, when these tocolytics are routinely used from total 15 242 deliveries 5.24% were preterm deliveries. Significance is statistically characteristic, p = = 0,01. In the anamnesis of all parturients in both periods, frequency of factors which effect on the rate of preterm deliveries is equal. PMID- 6679002 TI - [Simultaneous interstitial and intrauterine pregnancy: successful completion of the intrauterine pregnancy]. AB - The authors describe an extremely rare combination of simultaneous intrauterine and interstitial pregnancy. In spite of the rupture of interstitial pregnancy in the 13th week and cornual resection, it was possible to restrain the intrauterine pregnancy under careful control until the 38th week, when a healthy mature baby was delivered by elective Caesarian section. The cicatrix of the uterus after cornual resection held the pregnancy well. Severe anaemia as a consequence of the bleeding before and during operation was quickly corrected and did not harm the further development of the child. PMID- 6679003 TI - [Eisenmenger's syndrome and pregnancy]. AB - Eisenmenger's syndrome is one of the congenital heart defects which deteriorates in the course of pregnancy. For this reason, it is tried to discourage the patient from becoming pregnant, or to strictly interrupt pregnancy up to the 10th gestation week, or -- if the former proves impossible -- to introduce intensive medical supervision until the end of gravidity. A delivery is described of a 23 year old woman, in whom, when 19 years old, Eisenmenger's syndrome -- developed secondarily on the atrial septal defect -- was diagnosed by catheterization. She was admitted to the Department in the 26th week of pregnancy and as successfully confined in the 38th week by using vacuum extraction. Peripartal antibiotic prophylaxis was applied during labour, although she was given oxygen. No derivatives of ergotamine were administered in order to avoid undesirable effects. The loss of blood was controlled and replaced. She was discharged with a healthy girl on the 9th postpartal day without any complications. PMID- 6679004 TI - [Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of skeletal malformations]. AB - Two cases of skeleton malformations found by ultrasonic diagnostics are described. One was osteogenesis imperfecta and other achondroplasia. The possibility of malformation was postulated in 36th gestation week in the first case, and in 37th gestation week in the second. The authors discuss on malformations and their early diagnosis. PMID- 6679005 TI - [Ultrasonically guided puncture of nonpalpable breast cysts]. AB - The technique and the success of ultrasonically guided punctures of nonpalpable breast cysts are presented. A total of 43 cysts were punctured. The average lesion diameter (means +/- SD) was 16.4 +/- 5.4 mm. The puncture was not successful in 20.9% of cases. The cell material obtained by puncture was adequate for analysis in 32 (74.4%) cases, in 11 (25.6%) cases the aspirates were not suitable for the setting of a diagnosis because of an insufficient number of cells or the absence of the cell material. Inflammation as a complication of the intervention was registered twice (4.6%). PMID- 6679006 TI - [Genetics, the law and pregnancy]. AB - Paraphrasing the recent Milunsky's commentary, authors emphasise the doctor's duty and the role in preventing the birth of abnormal children. PMID- 6679007 TI - [Early diagnosis of breast cancer: reality or illusion]. PMID- 6679008 TI - Removal of excess inorganic phosphate by haemoperfusion with composite beads. AB - New composite beads, made by encapsulating hydrous zirconium oxide powder in agarose, are evaluated in vitro and in vivo for the removal of inorganic phosphate from the blood. Phosphate adsorption is rather good and calcium removal can be controlled. Thus, a 250 to 300 ml column is capable of reducing phosphate plasma level by some 5 mg per cent, thus making it attractive for the treatment of acute renal failure. Biocompatibility tests showed that supplementing the standard heparinization procedure by adding some citrate, as ACD, to the extracorporeal circuit greatly improves platelet and leucocyte count. No adverse haemodynamic effects were noted in repeated haemoperfusions of five dogs. PMID- 6679009 TI - Haemodiafiltration. AB - Using haemodiafiltration--a combination of haemodialysis and haemofiltration--an increased clearance rate for middle and small molecules can be obtained compared to the single technique alone. Low molecular weight substances are removed mainly by diffusion, and middle molecules predominantly by convection. Using currently available equipment the duration of therapy can thus be reduced by at least one third, compared with haemodialysis, without deterioration in the patient's general condition. The withdrawal of large volumes of fluid is markedly better tolerated by the patient than with other short-time blood purification procedures. With the aid of haemodiafiltration both molecular groups can be diminished independently of each other according to individual demand, thereby leading to optimization of dialysis therapy. PMID- 6679011 TI - Computer interpretation of the electrocardiogram--extracting the digits. PMID- 6679010 TI - Venture capital or vulture capital? PMID- 6679012 TI - Comparison of intraoperative flow measurements and haemodynamic findings at follow-up in patients with different aortic disc valve prostheses. AB - Intraoperative as well as postoperative assessment of effective orifice area, determined by relating flow through a prosthetic heart valve to the pressure gradient measured across the valve, provides a data base for comparison of different types of cardiac prostheses. As a measure of valve performance, we have used the derivation of both the effective area according to the Aaslid formula measured intraoperatively and to the Gorlin formula measured at a re catheterization study. We also established the parameter 'effective index area', Ia or Ii. Ia is defined as the ratio between the effective orifice area and the annulus orifice area, and Ii as the ratio between the effective orifice area and the internal orifice area of the valve housing. The patients included in the study had either Lillehei-Kaster, Bjork-Shiley or Hall-Kaster aortic valve prostheses inserted. In most of the Lillehei-Kaster prostheses, Ia varied around 0.27 and Ii around 0.56, while the corresponding values in the Bjork-Shiley prostheses were 0.35 and 0.56, increasing to around 0.50 and 0.75 respectively in the Hall-Kaster prostheses. PMID- 6679013 TI - The use of a small intra-aortic balloon to increase coronary flow. AB - A small spherical balloon, mounted on a catheter, was positioned, via an arteriotomy, in the ascending aorta 1 cm above the aortic valve in 10 dogs. The balloon was inflated for 60 ms, through the equipment of the intra-aortic balloon pump, during various parts of the cardiac cycle. When the inflation occurred during the rapid ejection phase, the systolic component of the coronary flow increased by 32.57 +/- 5.4 per cent (P less than 0.001), resulting in a 6.69 +/- 1.14 per cent (P less than 0.001) increase of the total (effective forward) flow. The tension time index increased by 9.01 +/- 0.85 per cent (P less than 0.001). The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and indexes of contractility did not change. When the inflation occurred during the reduced ejection phase the increase in coronary flow and tension time index was less. When the inflation occurred during the first third of diastole, there were no significant changes in the pressures and flow. In the middle third of diastole, the inflation of the balloon produced a 6.5 +/- 0.99 per cent (P less than 0.001) increase of the total flow, without significant changes in the pressures, except for a small increase in the mean diastolic aortic pressure. When the inflation occurred in the last third of diastole, the total coronary flow increased by 10.47 +/- 1.06 per cent (P less than 0.001). There was a decrease in the aortic end diastolic pressure and a 1.08 +/- 0.42 per cent (P less than 0.02) increase in the time tension index. In five dogs, additional observations were made using another mode of inflation. The balloon remained inflated during the entire diastolic period. The total coronary flow increased by 17.46 +/- 4.8 per cent (P less than 0.01), along with a small increase in the diastolic aortic pressure. Indexes of contractility did not change. In conclusion, a small spherical balloon functioning as a pump in the ascending aorta, in close proximity to the coronary ostia, can significantly increase the coronary blood flow. PMID- 6679014 TI - Echocardiographic and phonocardiographic characteristics of the Hall-Kaster aortic disc valve prosthesis. AB - The Hall-Kaster (H-K) valve is a new tilting disc valve prosthesis which has recently been taken in use of heart valve replacement. Simultaneous echo- and phonocardiographic studies were performed in nine patients with a normally functioning H-K prosthesis in the aortic position. The prosthesis is well recorded by a M-mode echocardiogram. The opening and closing of the disc were easily recorded in all cases. The disc itself opened and closed very rapidly, in most cases too rapidly for quantitative assessment. In two cases, mean opening and closing velocity was measured to 38.8 cm/s and 51.8 cm/s, respectively. The opening sound of the prosthesis was rarely identified on the phonocardiogram. The closure of the valve was recorded as a discrete single high frequency sound. Systolic time intervals measured by combined echo- and phonocardiography revealed values for pre-ejection period similar to the predicted values, while the left ventricular ejection time tended to be slightly shorter than expected. PMID- 6679015 TI - Evaluation in vitro of prosthetic heart valves: pulsatile flow through a compliant aorta. PMID- 6679016 TI - Venture capitalism: a new fashion or new opportunity for European biomedical market development. PMID- 6679017 TI - Review article: Controlled clinical trials. PMID- 6679018 TI - Continuous membrane plasma separation: three years of experience. PMID- 6679020 TI - A servomechanical system to control high blood pressure using sodium nitroprusside. AB - A servomechanical device was used to control the intravenous administration of a sodium nitroprusside solution, without using electrical energy or a pump, the aim being the fast and smooth reduction of high arterial pressure (BP). The device senses BP via an intra-arterial catheter which leads to two containers, to one through a narrow tube (slow system) and to the other through a wide tube (fast system). The two systems integrate the BP with time constants that are the product of the tube resistance to flow and the compliance of the containers. The two systems lead to small bellows that interfere with the legs of a clamp regulating an intravenous nitroprusside drip. The distension of the bellows releases the clamp in proportion to the pressure in the slow system and to the difference in pressure between the fast and the slow systems. A screw-spring could determine the desired slow system pressure below which the flow of the nitroprusside solution was stopped. The whole device was applied 11 times in five anaesthetized dogs under a continuous intravenous metaraminol infusion. The BP was always reduced smoothly within 2 to 24 min to a value near that predetermined by the screw-spring. It is concluded that a purely mechanical system involving integral, proportional and derivative components may achieve fast and smooth reduction of elevated BP to a predetermined level, when using fast-acting hypotensive agents. PMID- 6679019 TI - Haemolysis and hyposideraemia in patients with Lillehei-Kaster prosthetic heart valves: a long-term follow-up. AB - Forty-four patients with mitral and/or aortic Lillehei-Kaster valvular prostheses were evaluated with regard to haemolysis, hyposideraemia and anaemia, with median intervals of 0.4 years and 7.0 years after the operation. At the first study the majority of patients presented slight to moderate haemolysis; 7 per cent showed hyposideraemia, while none had overt anaemia. At the long-term follow-up the incidence and degree of haemolysis had increased slightly; hyposideraemia was present in 16 per cent, while only one patient had developed anaemia. The modest increase of haemolysis could be accounted for, at least in part, by the development of paravalvular regurgitation or additional valvular disease. It is concluded that the Lillehei-Kaster prostheses are less traumatic to the red cells than earlier types of synthetic prostheses. Apparently, iron medication is indicated only in the minority of patients who develop hyposideraemia and a low normal or decreased haemoglobin value. PMID- 6679021 TI - Minimization of pressure drop across heart valve conduits: a preliminary study. AB - Commercially available valved conduits are subject to large pressure drops in forward flow which can limit the exercise capability of recipients. However, there is considerable scope for improvement compared with valves which are mounted inside the heart, because there are fewer restrictions on flow guidance due to the constraints of size and sewing rings. Accordingly three model conduits have been tested in steady flow using a rigid body and a ball occluder. The best one is shown to have a pressure drop many times lower than a commercial conduit and several times lower than even a healthy natural valve of the same diameter. It would therefore offer a significant improvement if it could be made of a suitable material. PMID- 6679022 TI - Short review: The current status of cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6679023 TI - Some problems associated with the implantation of a cardiac prosthesis and with early postoperative care in animals with a total artificial heart. AB - The progress in the methods and techniques for surgical implantation of the TAH has progressed in parallel with the technology and design of the cardiac prosthesis. During the period from December 1974 to May 1982 the authors performed altogether 75 orthotopic implantations of eight types of TAH in calves. The Soviet TAH type KEDR I-III was implanted in 26 calves, type MODUL to one calf. The American TAH JARVIK 3 was implanted in one calf and Czechoslovak TAH type TNS BRNO I-III in 47 calves. The modification of blood pump and improved system of its control provided for the limitation of the range of surgery and to shorten the time of operation and cardiopulmonary bypass. The methods of preoperative care, anaesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative care in our laboratory were gradually improving in parallel. This was associated with maximum survival time of animals in the course of the research period which gradually increased from 5.5 h in 1974 to 173 days in 1982. The chief experiences acquired from all experiments performed are presented and problems associated with the investigation of the TAH in general are discussed in this paper. PMID- 6679024 TI - Experiences with Redy-dialysis on a camper. AB - In April 1976 a dialysis camper with Redy-dialysis equipment was put into service by the Institute of Nephrology of the 4th Department for Internal Medicine of the City Hospital Nurnberg. In the following six years of service the bus was rented 40 times by 20 different home dialysis patients and was driven more than 100 000 km in Europe on 700 days. Two hundred and eighty haemodialyses with the Redy system showed that this kind of dialysis during the holidays can be carried out without running a greater risk than with home dialysis itself. A home dialysis patient describes his own experiences with the 'Redy-bus'. PMID- 6679025 TI - The thymus-brain connection: interactions between thymosin and the neuroendocrine system. PMID- 6679026 TI - [Ergometric study in hypertension and diabetes. Analysis of 1269 patients]. PMID- 6679027 TI - [Echocardiographic findings in acute disseminatus lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6679028 TI - [Electrocardiographic findings in hypothermia secondary to acute diseases]. PMID- 6679030 TI - [Bactericidal activity of neutrophils in patients with severe and moderate infections]. PMID- 6679029 TI - [Blood lipids in 150 umbilical cords to detect coronary risk factor]. PMID- 6679031 TI - [Perioperative death prediction in severe chronic aortic insufficiency]. PMID- 6679033 TI - [Localized pleural mesothelioma. Report of a case with histogenetic considerations and ultrastructural study]. PMID- 6679032 TI - [Effect of progesterone on the development of experimental pleural adhesions]. PMID- 6679034 TI - [Myocardiopericarditis in human psittacosis]. PMID- 6679035 TI - [Central diabetes insipidus in a case of prolonged brain death]. PMID- 6679036 TI - [Prolonged febrile syndrome, cardiac murmurs and pathological abdominal echography]. PMID- 6679037 TI - [Emesis due to cytostatic drugs. Update and review of our experiences]. PMID- 6679038 TI - [The mystery of spontaneous splenic hypofunction (autosplenectomy)]. PMID- 6679039 TI - [Epidemiologic studies of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from food handlers]. PMID- 6679040 TI - A case of mistaken identity. PMID- 6679041 TI - Phenylpropanolamine. How safe is it? PMID- 6679042 TI - Why do cells do what they do? PMID- 6679043 TI - Health care for black South Africans. PMID- 6679045 TI - Pseudomonas folliculitis associated with the use of health spa whirlpools. PMID- 6679044 TI - Smoking. PMID- 6679046 TI - Total colonoscopy in the diagnosis of colonic disorders. PMID- 6679047 TI - Antibiotic treatment in large bowel cancer. PMID- 6679048 TI - Bromocriptine for breast pain. PMID- 6679049 TI - Can Australians identify snakes? AB - A study of the ability of Australians to identify snakes was undertaken, in which 558 volunteers (primary and secondary schoolchildren, doctors and university science and medical students) took part. Over all, subjects correctly identified an average of 19% of snakes; 28% of subjects could identify a taipan, 59% could identify a death adder, 18% a tiger snake, 23% an eastern (or common) brown snake, and 0.5% a rough-scaled snake. Eighty-six per cent of subjects who grew up in rural areas could identify a death adder; only 4% of those who grew up in an Australian capital city could identify a nonvenomous python. Male subjects identified snakes more accurately than did female subjects. Doctors and medical students correctly identified an average of 25% of snakes. The ability to identify medically significant Australian snakes was classified according to the observer's background, education, sex, and according to the individual snake species. Australians need to be better educated about snakes indigenous to this country. PMID- 6679050 TI - Phenylpropanolamine-associated hypertension after the use of "over-the-counter" appetite-suppressant products. AB - Eight apparently normotensive Australian women patients developed hypertension after taking appetite-suppressant preparations which contained high doses of phenylpropanolamine. The margin between the maximum dose permitted to be sold in some States of Australia without prescription, and the doses documented as causing hypertension is small. Three patients took twice the recommended dose--a pattern of behaviour which has been described previously. Changes to the regulations governing the availability of phenylpropanolamine may have reduced the risk of this adverse effect, but the use and misuse of preparations still available over-the-counter may not be without danger. PMID- 6679051 TI - Glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6679052 TI - Diagnosis and management of renal calculous disease. PMID- 6679053 TI - Common clinical electrolyte disorders. PMID- 6679054 TI - Allergy associated with Paterson's Curse. AB - A case of allergic rhinitis which occurred on exposure to Paterson's Curse (Echium plantagineum) is described. Symptoms developed on exposure both to flowering and to dead, dried plants. Inhalational challenge tests with pure preparations of pollen and epidermal debris, including plant hairs, resulted in the symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis. Field experiments in a large natural stand of Paterson's curse showed that pollen and particulate plant debris, including plant hairs, were airborne during the flowering season. These findings indicate that pollen, epidermal hairs, and particulate matter cause allergic symptoms in susceptible subjects, and suggest that allergies to Paterson's Curse may be encountered beyond the main flowering period. PMID- 6679055 TI - Brand names, generic prescribing, and generic substitution. AB - The terms "generic prescribing" and "generic substitution", and some related terms, are defined. The history of laws concerning these matters is referred to, and the Australian situation is briefly outlined. The arguments for and against generic prescribing and generic substitution are canvassed. PMID- 6679056 TI - A case for generic prescribing? PMID- 6679058 TI - [Characteristics of somatosensory evoked potentials after electrical stimulation of nerves in the extremities]. PMID- 6679057 TI - Clinical neurophysiological methods in the diagnosis of the post-traumatic syndrome. PMID- 6679059 TI - Reaction of peripheral motor nerves to local cryomassage. PMID- 6679060 TI - [A case of dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica (Ramsay-Hunt syndrome)]. PMID- 6679061 TI - Effect of mental activation on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes in patients with cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 6679062 TI - [Pathology of hepatolenticular degeneration (case report)]. PMID- 6679063 TI - [A rare case of meningioma of the 4th cerebral ventricle]. PMID- 6679064 TI - Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia--a phantom pain phenomenon? The biorhythms neogenesis theory. PMID- 6679065 TI - Behavioral intervention with child abuse and neglect. AB - The range of factors identified as related to child maltreatment has expanded over the years. The literature clearly calls for an ecological approach in which individual, family, community, and societal factors are considered. The behavioral literature to date reflects an unevenness in terms of acceptance of such an approach. Studies are also uneven concerning the faithfulness with which hallmarks of a behavioral approach have been applied. These include individually tailored assessment and intervention based on empirical data and planning for generalization and maintenance. Most intervention programs do attend to positive as well as negative parent behaviors. Little attention is devoted to environmental characteristics, such as poverty level incomes and impoverished social support systems that may contribute to maltreatment. Lack of comprehensive assessment and intervention programs is no doubt responsible for the modest changes described in many reports. Behavioral studies suffer from uncritical acceptance of the term "abuse" or "at risk" in a number of ways, one of which is a failure to clearly describe the nature of the alleged maltreatment and the immediate situational context. Another is in the assumption that one particular factor is responsible for the maltreatment, such as ineffective parenting skills. Too often a label identifies only one characteristic of a person, ignoring other attributes and related factors. Like all deviant labels, the poor and minority groups are more likely to receive negative labels (Newberger et al., 1976). Investigaters have not taken advantage of relevant literature in the area of child welfare. Familiarity with this material would be helpful in avoiding myths in the field to which many have fallen prey, such as the myth of classlessness of child maltreatment. Acceptance of this myth interferes with the development of programs that deal with difficult environmental problems. Reports suggest that a behavioral approach is promising. Attention to enhancement of child management skills is supported by research that shows that most abuse occurs as an extension of parental discipline attempts. A focus on describing the relationships between behaviors of concern and what happens before and afterward has yielded valuable information concerning interaction patterns in abusive, neglectful, and normal families. Advantages of viewing child abuse in the general context of family interaction are illustrated by the work of Patterson and his colleagues and by Gelles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6679066 TI - A review of generalization in social skills training: suggestions for future research. PMID- 6679067 TI - Behavioral contracting: outcomes and elements. PMID- 6679068 TI - The current status of cognitive variables in assertiveness training. PMID- 6679069 TI - Depression in the mentally retarded: toward a conceptual analysis of diagnosis. PMID- 6679070 TI - [Extent of myocardial necrosis and changes in serum iron, zinc and copper levels in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6679071 TI - [Physical fitness and mental structure and functioning as indicators of long-term rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6679072 TI - [Dopamine and dobutamine as circulatory drugs]. PMID- 6679073 TI - [Successful transesophageal stimulation of heart ventricles in a case of complete atrioventricular block with attacks of Adams-Stokes syndrome]. PMID- 6679074 TI - [A case of familial prolongation of the QT interval with attacks of torsade de pointes in one member of the family]. PMID- 6679075 TI - [Cytological examination of bronchial secretion in chronic respiratory tract diseases in children]. PMID- 6679077 TI - [Our experience with ultrasonic examination of the liver and biliary tract]. PMID- 6679076 TI - [Usefulness of bacteriological studies and selected tests for non-specific immunity in the treatment of severe burns]. PMID- 6679078 TI - [Value of computerized tomography of the head in neurological expert testimony]. PMID- 6679079 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance--possibilities of its use in clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 6679081 TI - [Possibilities of using ion etching in medicine]. PMID- 6679082 TI - [Conditions , which, during a clinical examination appear falsely located at the level of irritation of the spinal roots in the area of the spinal canal]. PMID- 6679080 TI - [Role of ophthalmodynamometric and ultrasonic studies in the diagnosis of cerebral circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 6679083 TI - [Clinical aspects of the fate of drugs in the body]. PMID- 6679085 TI - [Effect of drugs on the results of laboratory tests]. PMID- 6679084 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of drug excretion in children]. PMID- 6679086 TI - [Adverse effects of drugs: mechanisms and factors affecting their occurrence]. PMID- 6679087 TI - [Drug-induced shock]. PMID- 6679088 TI - [Use of opiate antagonists in the treatment of shock. Description of a case of shock treated with naloxone]. PMID- 6679089 TI - [Effect of disopyramide on the bundle of His conduction]. PMID- 6679090 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of drugs used in thromboembolism]. PMID- 6679092 TI - Cancer invasion and metastasis: biologic and therapeutic aspects. The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute. 36th annual symposium on fundamental cancer research. PMID- 6679091 TI - [General principles of cancer chemotherapy]. PMID- 6679093 TI - A new model for leukemia-lymphoma metastasis: differential growth and rejection of murine lymphoid-leukemia cell lines in the bone marrow. PMID- 6679094 TI - Tumor metastasis: achievements, dilemmas, and future, a summary of the conference. PMID- 6679095 TI - Carcinoma in situ of the bladder. PMID- 6679096 TI - Urothelial tumor: problems and prospects. PMID- 6679097 TI - Diagnosis, staging, and classification of bladder tumors. PMID- 6679098 TI - Tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter: current concepts and management. PMID- 6679099 TI - Urethral carcinoma. PMID- 6679100 TI - Urethritis and epididymitis. PMID- 6679101 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in urologic surgery. PMID- 6679102 TI - Urinary tract infections--current status. PMID- 6679103 TI - Office bacteriology: techniques and interpretations. PMID- 6679104 TI - [High frequency tympanometry]. PMID- 6679105 TI - Intelligibility alterations in an oral cancer patient following primary surgery and two reconstructions: a case study. PMID- 6679106 TI - [The use of acoustic reflex for the measurement of hearing aid gain setting]. PMID- 6679107 TI - Fluency and aphasia: a pragmatic reconsideration. PMID- 6679109 TI - [The voice onset time of apraxic and dysarthric speakers]. PMID- 6679108 TI - Some comments on aspects of the methodology for the measurement of stuttering. PMID- 6679110 TI - [A study of vowel duration in Afrikaans esophageal speakers]. PMID- 6679111 TI - Neuronal mechanisms underlying rhythmic bursts in crustacean cardiac ganglia. PMID- 6679112 TI - Gastropod feeding: behavioural and neural analysis of a complex multicomponent system. PMID- 6679113 TI - Neural control of heartbeat in the leech, Hirudo medicinalis. PMID- 6679114 TI - Neurons controlling the initiation, generation and modulation of leech swimming. PMID- 6679115 TI - Initiation and control of swimming in amphibian embryos. PMID- 6679116 TI - The neural generation of locomotion in the lamprey: an incomplete account. PMID- 6679117 TI - Identified neurons in the lamprey spinal cord and their roles in fictive swimming. PMID- 6679118 TI - Motor pattern formation in the dogfish spinal cord. PMID- 6679119 TI - The control of rhythmic limb movements in Crustacea. PMID- 6679120 TI - The vertebrate scratch reflex. PMID- 6679121 TI - Centrally generated pattern of motoneuron activity during locomotion in the cat. PMID- 6679122 TI - Supraspinal aspects of locomotion in the mesencephalic cat. PMID- 6679123 TI - Cooperative mechanisms for the production of rhythmic movements. PMID- 6679124 TI - Neural control of swimming in Tritonia. PMID- 6679125 TI - Initiating polymerization of glycol methacrylate with cyclic diketo carbon acids. AB - Several pharmacologically active cyclic diketone carbon acids, including phenylbutazone and 2-phenyl-1,3-indandione, catalyze the polymerization of glycol methacrylate monomers. GMA-cyclic diketone carbon acid monomer mixtures incorporating imidazole polymerize smoothly without obvious exothermicity at temperatures ranging from ambient to -5 C without the use of ultraviolet light. The only equipment required for this embedding technique is a refrigerator with a freezing compartment which can maintain temperatures of -15 C. A recipe consisting of 5 ml glycol methacrylate (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), 0.8 ml 1 pentanol, 16 mg imidazole, and 30 mg monophenylbutazone is recommended for general use. The use of dicyclopentyl methacrylate-glycol methacrylate comonomer mixtures incorporating cyclic ketone catalysts is advocated, as blends of these monomers have low basophilia, and tissues embedded in these matrices stain sharply and brilliantly. It is hypothesized that the driving force for the cyclic ketone-mediated polymerization of glycol methacrylate under basic conditions is furnished by the lysis of cyclic ketone carbon acid peroxides. PMID- 6679127 TI - Nickel grids cause astigmatism in the transmission electron microscope. PMID- 6679126 TI - A new method using hexamethyldisilazane for preparation of soft insect tissues for scanning electron microscopy. AB - A new rapid procedure for preparing soft internal tissues from insects that allows air drying was found to compare favorably with tissues prepared by critical point drying. In the new procedure, tissues were fixed in 1% glutaraldehyde, dehydrated through a graded ethanol series, immersed in hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for 5 minutes, and air dried. Tissues prepared by both the HMDS treatment and by critical point drying were coated with gold for scanning electron microscopy. Tissues prepared by the HMDS treatment did not shrink or distort upon air drying and excellent surface detail was preserved. The HMDS treatment required about 5 minutes, whereas the critical point drying procedure required about 1.5 hours. PMID- 6679128 TI - A note on the purification of Alcian blue. PMID- 6679129 TI - A simpler and more economical method for storing glass knives. PMID- 6679130 TI - President's address. The climatology of the clinic: observations on current problems in medical academia. PMID- 6679131 TI - Learning and teaching in a nursing home: a personal account. PMID- 6679132 TI - From the rural perspective: a look at the changing role of the medical center. PMID- 6679133 TI - Community health programs: update. PMID- 6679134 TI - Medicine in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. PMID- 6679135 TI - Implantable automatic cardioverter-defibrillator: advanced technology which raises basic questions about the science of managerial decisions for clinical practice. PMID- 6679136 TI - Hydroxyapatite--the forgotten crystal in calcium urolithiasis. PMID- 6679137 TI - Studies of experimental colon cancer. PMID- 6679138 TI - Natriuretic and water diuretic effects of guanabenz, a central alpha-2 agonist. AB - I should like to preface my concluding remarks by noting that our observations are still of a preliminary nature. Guanabenz, an acute central adrenergic inhibitor produces in human subjects (previously volume expanded with saline) changes similar to those previously described in animals, namely a rise or no change in GFR, an enhancement of water diuresis, and a significant natriuresis. Within one week of the acute study and during chronic administration of guanabenz, all of these changes were reversed: GFR, the magnitude of the water diuresis and the enhanced sodium excretion had returned to the baseline pre guanabenz levels, indicating that certain adaptive, restorative mechanism were operative. One may conclude, however, that the potential natriuretic properties of guanabenz (even during chronic administration), counter-balance the sodium retaining side effects commonly seen with other centrally acting and vasodilating antihypertensive drugs. This property, therefore, makes this agent a scientifically interesting and potentially useful therapeutic drug in the treatment of high blood pressure. PMID- 6679139 TI - Regulation of intestinal fluid transport by angiotensin II: mechanisms and physiological significance. PMID- 6679140 TI - Current insights in mycoplasmology. PMID- 6679141 TI - 19F-nuclear magnetic resonance study of glycerolipid fatty acyl chain order in Acholeplasma laidlawii B membranes. AB - The technique of 19F-nuclear magnetic resonance (19F-NMR) spectroscopy offers a number of advantages for studies of lipid fatty acyl chain orientation and dynamics in biomembranes. However, the geminal difluoromethylene fatty acid probes usually employed in such studies appreciably perturb the organization of lipid bilayers. We have thus synthesized a series of specifically monofluorinated palmitic acids and carried out biophysical, biochemical, and physiological studies establishing their suitability as relatively non-perturbing probes of lipid hydrocarbon chain organization. These 19F-NMR probes were then used to determine the fatty acyl chain order profiles of Acholeplasma laidlawii B membranes highly enriched in a variety of different exogenous fatty acids, particularly those containing a methyl branch or a trans-double bond. PMID- 6679142 TI - Substrate utilization in defined media. AB - Substrate utilization in defined media for two flower spiroplasmas (S. floricola and FS SR-3) and honeybee spiroplasma (HBS AS-576) was investigated. Glucose, fructose, and mannose were utilized by all three spiroplasmas. In addition, HBS (AS-576) could ferment trehalose; FS (SR-3), sucrose; and S. floricola, trehalose, sucrose, and raffinose. The three spiroplasmas varied greatly in growth requirements for amino acids. Only S. floricola utilized arginine. HBS (AS 576) required at least one purine and one pyrimidine base for growth, while both flower spiroplasmas grew with only one base in the medium. Oleic acid, cholesterol, and BSA were essential to all three spiroplasmas. Palmitic acid, which was non-essential, promoted growth significantly. PMID- 6679143 TI - Serological classification of spiroplasmas: current status. AB - Data concerning serological classification of spiroplasmas are in good agreement, but slightly different numerical designations have been given to existing groups. It is proposed that a standardized system be adopted based on information developed mainly by the IRPCM working team on spiroplasmas. The type species (Spiroplasma citri) should be redefined to include only the agent of citrus stubborn disease (subgroup I-1). Six other subgroups, including three proposed by Bove et al. in this volume (I-5, I-6, and I-7), are members of the Group I complex. Because subgroups I-1, I-2, and I-3 (1) show significant reciprocal differences in DNA-DNA homology and two-dimensional electrophoretic protein profiles, (2) occupy exclusive habitats, (3) are each associated with important diseases, and (4) consist of clusters of very similar or identical strains, it is suggested that Latin binomials could be assigned to subgroups I-2 and I-3. It is proposed that those criteria could serve as general guidelines for consideration of subgroups for species status in the class Mollicutes. The I-4 subgroup is assigned an uncertain status, pending comparisons with the LB-12 (I-5), M55 (I 6), and N525 (I-7) subgroups. To previously described serogroups we add the CN-5 Cotinus beetle spiroplasma (IX), the AES-1 mosquito strain (X), and the MQ-4 Monobia strain (XI). PMID- 6679144 TI - Clinical complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease--other organs. AB - Although self-limited respiratory tract infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae are well recognized in children and young adults, respiratory involvements and hepatic dysfunction may occur. The frequency and clinical features of these complications were investigated. Experimental studies with regard to bacterial superinfection were also carried out. The test animals which were first infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and then with Staphylococcus aureus showed more extensive bacteriological and pathological changes than those infected with Staphylococcus aureus only. Liver biopsies performed on three human patients showed hepatic dysfunction and the histological findings were diagnosed as non-specific reactive hepatitis in each case. PMID- 6679145 TI - M. pneumoniae respiratory diseases: clinical features--children. AB - Chest X-ray findings were studied in 618 pediatric patients with M. pneumoniae respiratory infections. Of these, 472 (76 percent) had pneumonia. Pneumonia was most frequently observed in the lower lung field and least frequently in the upper lung field. The enlargement of hilar lymph nodes was observed in 34 percent of patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia in contrast to 5 to 9 percent of patients with pneumonia due to other agents, suggesting that it was rather characteristic of M. pneumoniae pneumonia. It was observed in no patients below one year of age, in 41 percent of those aged one to five years, and then decreased with increase in age. Of children with M. pneumoniae respiratory infections, fever, pneumonia, and positive CF test were less frequently observed in infants below one year, showing that they have slighter symptoms; positive IHA test was less frequently observed and isolation of M. pneumoniae was more frequently observed, as compared to other age groups, among whom these findings were similar. It must be kept in mind, however, that fatal cases of M. pneumoniae pneumonia in infants were reported. PMID- 6679146 TI - Clinical features of mycoplasmal pneumonia in adults. AB - We have examined 221 cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia in adults during the past 17 years. During this time epidemic waves occurred every three to four years. The incidence of disease was highest in patients 20 to 30 years of age. The most common clinical features were cough, fever, sputum, and rales. The most characteristic feature was a persistent cough which lasted about three to four weeks. Roentgenographic examinations showed a variety of patterns, but the most consistent feature was a feathery shadow, appearing in the lower field of either or both of the lungs. Lung function tests showed peripheral airway impairment. Although roentgenographic examination provided useful information, it could not be used as a pathognomic feature of mycoplasmal pneumonia. Tetracyclines were most effective for eliminating clinical symptoms, whereas the macrolides provided the best response based on roentgenographic evaluations. PMID- 6679147 TI - Quantitative studies on the role of Ureaplasma urealyticum in non-gonococcal urethritis and chronic prostatitis. AB - Quantitative determinations of U. urealyticum and M. hominis have been performed in 164 men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) and 597 patients with chronic prostatitis. Evidence is provided that U. urealyticum plays an etiologic role in 29.3 percent of patients with non-gonococcal urethritis. Mixed infections of C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum, in high numbers, do occur in 11 percent of NGU cases. A constellation suggesting ureaplasma-associated disease could be observed in 13.7 to 15.2 percent of 597 patients with chronic prostatitis. M. hominis does not appear to be a causative agent of NGU or chronic prostatitis. PMID- 6679148 TI - Role of mycoplasmas in chronic prostatitis. AB - In 17 out of 102 patients with clinically diagnosed chronic prostatitis the disease could be attributed to known urogenital tract pathogens. Of the remaining 85 patients, Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from 38, Chlamydia trachomatis from five, and both organisms together from two. The results of antimicrobial treatment of the patients suggest an etiological relationship between Ureaplasma urealyticum and certain cases of chronic prostatitis. In these cases urethritis seems to be an accompanying symptom (urethro-prostatitis). No relation could be demonstrated between a favorable outcome of therapy and particular serotypes of ureaplasma. Our study could not establish any pathogenic role for Mycoplasma hominis. PMID- 6679149 TI - Serological evidence of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in neonatal respiratory disease. AB - Since up to 80 percent of pregnant women and 30 percent of neonates may be colonized with genital mycoplasmas, it is difficult to determine whether true infection occurs. The antibody responses to eight serotypes of U. urealyticum were assessed in mothers and infants in 21 cases of neonatal respiratory disease (RD) and 24 normal cases. Among the normal population of mothers and infants, a titer of greater than or equal to 1:32 occurred in 0.25 percent (1/394). In mother-infant paired titers, a fourfold difference occurred in 2.6 percent (5/192). Among 54 RD neonates, 55.6 percent had a titer of greater than or equal to 1:32 compared to only 4.2 percent of normal neonates (p less than .001). Fourfold elevations in antibody titers of greater than 1:32 were observed in the neonate in 52.4 percent of RD cases compared to 0 percent of 24 normal pairs (p less than .001) and in 28.6 percent of mothers of RD neonates compared to 0 percent in normal cases (p = .013). We observed that 43.3 percent of RD neonates with titers greater than or equal to 1:32 died compared to 16.6 percent of RD neonates exhibiting no elevation of antibody response over the maternal level. Among the six who died, 66.7 percent of neonates and 16.7 percent of their mothers had elevated titers, compared to 33.3 percent of 15 surviving infants and 40.0 percent of their mothers. These elevated antibody responses strongly support the concept that U. urealyticum causes infection in the perinatal period in association with neonatal respiratory disease. Since the elevation in titers was detected close to delivery in many cases, the infection may occur in utero. PMID- 6679150 TI - Proposed subgroups of spiroplasmas of high guanine plus cytosine content, group IV. AB - The plant surface and insect-inhabiting spiroplasmas of group IV, unlike other spiroplasmas, have not been demonstrated to utilize arginine. They require cholesterol for growth, produce spots and films on some media, and do not hydrolize arbutin. Electrophoretic and serological comparisons of strains from North America and Europe indicate the existence of strain differences within group IV. This study provides evidence for the existence of three discrete subgroups, group IV-(1) represented by temperate American strains, group IV-(2) represented by subtropical American strain PPS1, and group IV-(3) represented by Mediterranean and French strains. PMID- 6679151 TI - On the distribution and characteristics of isozyme expression in Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, and Ureaplasma species. AB - A summary of a survey of three genera of mycoplasmatales (Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, and Ureaplasma) for isozyme expression is presented. Isozyme analysis of mycoplasmas has been employed in at least three distinct areas: (1) as genetic markers for identification, individualization, and taxonomic classification; (2) as markers for cell culture contamination; and (3) as a qualitative measure of the operative metabolic pathways in the diverse species. We have found five ubiquitous enzymes: purine nucleoside phosphorylase, adenylate kinase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, dipeptidase, and esterase. Three enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase, were restricted to Acholeplasma species and were not detected in Mycoplasma or Ureaplasma. Four glycolytic enzymes, glucose phosphate isomerase, triose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase, were restricted to those species of Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma capable of glucose fermentation. Two of these glycolytic enzymes, glucose phosphate isomerase and lactate dehydrogenase, were detected in serovars I and II of U. urealyticum, which is inconsistent with the non-glycolytic activity in this genus. PMID- 6679152 TI - Inhibition of the growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum by a new urease inhibitor, flurofamide. AB - Flurofamide (N-[diaminophosphinyl]-4-fluorobenzamide), a urease inhibitor, was a potent inhibitor of the growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum. As little as 10 microM flurofamide (2 micrograms/ml) prevented any growth, but U. urealyticum survived for about eight hours before colony counts become undetectable. Flurofamide was a specific inhibitor of U. urealyticum since it did not inhibit growth of four Mycoplasma species or Acholeplasma hippikon. Flurofamide was 1,000 times more active than acetohydroxamic acid and thus has promise as a chemotherapeutic agent and a biochemical tool. PMID- 6679153 TI - A plasmid from S. citri strain M14 hybridizes with extrachromosomal DNAs from other spiroplasmas, including corn stunt spiroplasma E275, tick spiroplasma 277F, and coco spiroplasma N525. AB - A plasmid, pM41, has been isolated from the Spiroplasma citri strain M4 (group I 1) and characterized by restriction mapping. Using a 32P-labeled probe specific of the plasmid, we have shown by DNA-DNA hybridization that a plasmid identical to pM41 or a closely related plasmid, is present in several, but not all, S. citri strains. DNA sequences that hybridize to pM41 were also identified in three other spiroplasmas not belonging to the S. citri species. Protein patterns of several S. citri strains have been compared in order to investigate the effect of pM41 on the spiroplasma protein profiles or maps. In fact, the presence of pM41 does not appear to modify the protein pattern. PMID- 6679155 TI - Clinical trial of the protective role of polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine in sickle cell anaemia patients in Zambia. PMID- 6679154 TI - Survey of plasmids in various mycoplasmas. AB - Thirty-three strains representing 15 distinct Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, and Spiroplasma species were examined for the presence of plasmid DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic patterns of the DNAs of three strains, Mycoplasma sp. strain 747, Spiroplasma mirum strain SMCA, and M. hominis strain 1257, suggested the presence of a plasmid with molecular weights of approximately 70, 10, and 9 megadaltons, respectively. The functions of these plasmids are currently unknown. PMID- 6679156 TI - Biomechanical basis of the tibial recurvation osteotomy. PMID- 6679157 TI - Vesico-ureteric reflux in urinary bilharziasis (observation in Zambia). PMID- 6679158 TI - Sweet's syndrome in a child (a case report). PMID- 6679159 TI - Observations on the identity of the avian schistosome Trichobilhariza ocellata (La Valette, 1855) Brumpt, 1931. PMID- 6679160 TI - [Evaluation of abdominal ultrasonography in cases with esophageal and gastric cancer. Detection of metastasized lymph nodes surrounding the celiac axis]. PMID- 6679161 TI - [Electron microscopic observations on degenerative changes of mammary capillaries following ablactation]. PMID- 6679162 TI - [Serological and immunochemical studies on heteroagglutinins in normal sera]. PMID- 6679163 TI - [Studies on an established cell line of mouse-transplantable squamous cell carcinoma]. PMID- 6679164 TI - [Studies on catecholamine metabolism in liver diseases--with special reference to hepatic encephalopathy]. PMID- 6679165 TI - [The clinical and anatomical study of thoracic outlet syndrome]. PMID- 6679166 TI - [Lipid peroxide dynamics in lipoprotein fractions and its clinical significance]. PMID- 6679167 TI - [Study in denaturation of human serum lipoproteins]. PMID- 6679168 TI - [Biological characteristics of simian malaria model of Plasmodium cynomolgi Anopheles stephensi system and its response to antimalarials]. PMID- 6679169 TI - [Absorption, distribution and excretion of biphenyl dimethyl-dicarboxylate (BDD)]. PMID- 6679170 TI - [Studies on potent analgesics. VII. Synthesis and analgesic activity of diastereoisomers of 1-beta-hydroxy-3-methylfentanyl (7302) and related compounds]. PMID- 6679171 TI - [Synthesis of reversible anticholinesterase--5-(1,2-substituted benzimidazolyl) N,N-dimethyl carbamates]. PMID- 6679172 TI - [Chemical structure-anticonvulsant activity relationship in beta-substituted cinnamamides]. PMID- 6679173 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Thalictrum omeiense W.T. Wang]. PMID- 6679174 TI - [Determination of vincamine in Vinca minor]. PMID- 6679175 TI - [Biological investigation and chemical analysis of big aconite and vine aconites]. PMID- 6679176 TI - [Glass capillary gas chromatography of cephalotaxus alkaloids]. PMID- 6679177 TI - [Studies on two crystalline of thiamine hydrochloride and their stability]. PMID- 6679178 TI - [Herbalogical, morphological and histological studies on the Chinese drug Xuan-fu hua, flos Inulae]. PMID- 6679179 TI - [Studies on new antimalarials, synthesis of derivatives of benzo(g)quinoline with double Mannich bases of aminophenol]. PMID- 6679180 TI - [Studies on the constituents of the neutral lipophilic fraction in the rhizome of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC]. PMID- 6679181 TI - [The comparative anatomy of Clerodendron trichotomum Thunb. and Clerodendron fragrans Vent]. PMID- 6679182 TI - [Advances in chromatography]. PMID- 6679183 TI - Iron binding proteins without cofactors or sulfur clusters. PMID- 6679184 TI - Interaction of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and black-eye pea trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor. AB - Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (pyridoxal-P) reacts with lysine residues of the black eyed pea trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor (BTCI) at pH 7.4 and 30 degrees C, forming a Schiff-base which was stabilized by NaBH4 reduction. The interaction of pyridoxal-P and BTCI was accompanied by a difference spectrum presenting a negative peak at 382 nm and a positive peak at 435 nm which was shifted to 325 nm by reduction with NaBH4. The kinetics of interaction indicated that a noncovalent protein-pyridoxal-P complex was formed prior to Schiff-base formation. The number of pyridoxal-P (or pyridoxal) groups incorporated per protein molecule after NaBH4 reduction was determined spectrophotometrically as a function of the reagent/protein molar ratio. A saturation value of about 0.75 pyridoxal-P residues per protein molecule was found for an 80-100 molar excess of reagent over the protein. In the case of pyridoxal, the incorporation of reagent into the protein was much less than that of pyridoxal-P. The results obtained indicate that lysine residues in BTCI (5 per molecule) are in unfavourable environments for binding pyridoxal-P. The trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activities of the pyridoxal-P-treated, NaBH4-reduced BTCI are slightly reduced. PMID- 6679185 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of sulfonylureas: a brief review. AB - All sulfonylureas seem to have similar mechanisms of action. Nevertheless, they may differ in their clinical effects because of differences in their pharmacokinetics and intrinsic activities. Second generation sulfonylureas, such as glibenclamide and glipizide, are much more potent than first generation sulfonylureas, such as tolbutamide and chlorpropamide. The former are, in fact, active at concentrations of the order of nmol/l, while the latter are active in the range of mumol/l. Accordingly, glibenclamide and glipizide are more efficient, and probably also less prone to cause pharmacokinetic interactions with other drugs, and with ethanol. In addition, glipizide and glibenclamide (new formulations) are completely bioavailable, which is a further advantage. Glipizide has a more rapid absorption and onset of action as well as a shorter half-life and duration of effect than glibenclamide. Accordingly, glibenclamide has a better effect on nocturnal and fasting blood glucose levels, but its use may also involve a greater risk of long-lasting hypoglycemia. At daily dosages of 5 mg or more, divided dosage seems unnecessary with glipizide, since effective concentrations will prevail throughout most of a 24 hour period. Efficacy may be improved if either drug is administered before, rather than together with, breakfast. High doses of glipizide may impair, rather than improve, glucose balance. PMID- 6679186 TI - Mortality in type 2 diabetes. AB - Mortality in 504 type 2 diabetics aged 40 years and over was investigated in a large Finnish prospective population study. Over an average follow-up time of nine years, 241 of these diabetics died. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for 70% of the causes of death. The age-adjusted mortality risk in type 2 diabetics was two to three times that in non-diabetics. Adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors did not appear to alter the excess mortality risk in type 2 diabetics. PMID- 6679187 TI - Radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). An assay with both the bound and free fraction of the hormone present in the counting vessel. AB - A radioimmunoassay for triiodothyronine T3 and thyroxine T4 without any manual separation is described. By the use of an aqueous two-phase system the free hormone was separated from the immunologically bound fraction and lifted out of the counting area of the gamma counter. The coefficient of correlation between results obtained with this method and with a conventional RIA was 0.97 and 0.93 for T3 and T4, respectively. PMID- 6679188 TI - Polyamide resin: a novel immunoadsorbent. I. Preparation of polyamide resin antigen conjugates for use in a solid phase assay for radiolabeled antibody synthesized in vitro. AB - A solid phase assay for radiolabeled antibody synthesized de novo in vitro has been described (1). The solid phase consists of antigen covalently bound to bromacetyl cellulose, a useful but difficult to prepare immunoadsorbent. Herein, we describe the preparation of polyamide resin immunoadsorbent and the procedure for coupling antigen to the polymer. Data are presented that show that polyamide resin-Ag conjugates can replace bromacetyl cellulose-Ag conjugates. The usefulness of this easily prepared and inexpensive immunoadsorbent is discussed. PMID- 6679189 TI - Cell culture on polymers prepared by radiation-induced polymerization of various glass-forming monomers. AB - The growth of cells on polymers prepared by the radiation polymerization of monomethacrylate and dimethacrylate was investigated. Cell growth was affected greatly by such properties of the polymers as water content, wettability, and porosity. Growth was promoted remarkably by rinsing the polymers with warm water at 60-70 degrees C and by irradiation of polymers with an electron beam. Cell growth decreased with increasing oxyethylene length (n) in the polymerized dimethacrylate of same series, CH2C(CH3)CO(OCH2CH2)nOCOC(CH3)CH2. A decrease in the hydrophilicity of the polymer increased cell growth rate. Formation of pore structures in the polymer films also increased the cell growth. PMID- 6679190 TI - Comparison of the coupling recoveries of immobilized aspartate aminotransferase. Specific activity, enzyme-bound coenzyme, and transaminationable active centers. AB - Aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT, EC 2.6.1.1) was bound on CNBr-activated Sepharose and the effects of immobilization on the maximum velocity, biologically active pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), and transaminationable active centers were studied. By comparing these parameters of soluble and immobilized enzyme the factors decreasing the observed reaction rate upon immobilization were evaluated. Ninety percent of the soluble protein in the coupling mixture was bound to the support. The amount of enzyme-bound PLP of immobilized preparation was 83% of that of the soluble one. The coupling recovery of specific activity was 46%, which was 10%-units lower than that of the transaminationable active centers. This difference depends on the fact that a part of the active centers of immobilized enzyme had lower catalytic rate, due to the enzyme-matrix interactions or internal mass transfer limitations, than the others. The immobilized catalytically active AspAT had 80% of the turnover efficiency of the soluble enzyme. The affinity of the enzyme to its substrates did not significantly change upon immobilization, neither did the pH profile. PMID- 6679191 TI - The use of an immobilized enzyme nylon tube reactor incorporating a four enzyme system for creatinine analysis. AB - A single immobilized enzyme nylon tube reactor was produced incorporating a four enzyme system for the analysis of creatinine. The enzyme activity ratios in the coupling solution used to prepare the reactor were found to be of extreme importance in governing the activity of the latter. The reactor was incorporated into a continuous flow analysis system used to assay creatinine in urine samples and the results were correlated with a manual technique employing the same enzyme system in solution. The precision, correlation, high specificity, simplicity, and speed of the analysis were concluded to be factors in favor of the method's suitability for urine creatinine determinations. PMID- 6679192 TI - A simple and sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the assay of human TSH antibody. Use in screening hybridoma cell lines. AB - A simple and sensitive radioimmunoassay procedure is described for the screening and detection of specific antibodies in hybridoma cell lines. The specific procedure was developed to screen for antibodies against human thyrotropin (hTSH), but the procedure is applicable to screening for any desired antibodies. The immunoglobulin G(IgG) fraction of goat anti-mouse IgG is used to coat wells of microtiter plates. Anti-hTSH antibodies are measured by incubating antiserum dilutions in the coated wells and detecting the bound IgG with radioiodinated hTSH. Unlabeled hTSH may also be detected by its ability to inhibit binding of 125I-hTSH to the coated wells. This assay technique meets the demands of simplicity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and rapidity as a screening assay of hybridoma cell lines capable of secreting anti h-TSH. PMID- 6679194 TI - Analysis of serum creatinine using an immobilized enzyme nylon tube reactor incorporating a four-enzyme system. PMID- 6679196 TI - [Health education and life style]. PMID- 6679195 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of S-adenosyl-L-methionine from L-methionine and ATP. AB - S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) has been synthesized on 7-mmol scale from L methionine and ATP. The ATP was generated in situ from AMP, and the synthesis of SAM was catalyzed by the enzyme ATP:L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.6). Although substantial effort was required to obtain even small quantities of enzyme, it has good stability once isolated and immobilized. The SAM produced by this procedure contains 89% of the (-) diasterioisomer and 11% of the (+) diasterioisomer. PMID- 6679197 TI - [School medicine]. PMID- 6679198 TI - [Making health education come alive]. PMID- 6679193 TI - A compilation of amino acid analyses of proteins. XVIII. Residues per thousand residues--5. AB - The amino acid analyses of 213 proteins, as residues per 1000 residues, are given. In addition, the carbohydrate content, the content of any noncommon amino acids, the sources of all proteins, and the necessary literature citations are given. PMID- 6679199 TI - [Sex and health education. Drugs and drug addiction]. PMID- 6679200 TI - [Dental hygiene. Preparation for the medical visit]. PMID- 6679202 TI - [Dental hygiene]. PMID- 6679201 TI - [Introduction to occupational medicine in health education: noise and its effects]. PMID- 6679203 TI - [Tobacco]. PMID- 6679204 TI - [Sleep]. PMID- 6679205 TI - [Physical hygiene]. PMID- 6679206 TI - [Nutrition--alcohol--tobacco]. PMID- 6679207 TI - [Contraception--sports]. PMID- 6679208 TI - [Tobacco--dental hygiene]. PMID- 6679209 TI - [A new method for monitoring air pollution: elaboration of a level of pollution as a function of foliar peroxydase activity in the radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Sparkler)]. PMID- 6679210 TI - Legs. PMID- 6679211 TI - Sequestered substernal goiter. AB - A young woman with a normally located and only subtly nodular thyroid gland in the neck was found to have a clinically distinct and radioisotopically "cold" anterior mediastinal mass, which proved to be a benign colloid adenoma. While this constellation of findings usually suggests the presence of a nonthyroidal neoplasm, eg, lymphoma, thymoma, or teratoma, our case illustrates that sequestered benign nodular goiter should also be considered in the differential diagnosis. Clinical clues, such as a nodular thyroid gland, movement of the mass with deglutition, and a family history of nodular goiter, should suggest this possibility. A characteristic computed tomographic appearance may also prove useful in recognition of this rare disorder. PMID- 6679212 TI - Pseudoclubbing in a patient with sarcoidosis of the phalangeal bones. AB - We treated a patient who had sarcoidosis with pseudoclubbing. The involvement was asymmetric and involved some fingertips more than others. It did not involve the toes. The pseudoclubbing totally disappeared with effective prednisone therapy. Roentgenograms of the hands showed bone cysts of the distal and middle phalanges, and a gallium citrate Ga 67 scan showed uptake in two of the phalanges. We believe the pseudoclubbing in this patient is a manifestation of phalangeal bone involvement by sarcoidosis with associated dactylitis. A literature review indicates that true clubbing can exist in patients with sarcoidosis, but this case indicates that it must be distinguished from dactylitis. PMID- 6679213 TI - Bilateral ureteral obstruction due to uric acid stones in association with immune hemolytic anemia. AB - Bilateral ureteral obstruction from uric acid stones developed in a patient with severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia at a time of hemolytic crisis. She had an underlying lymphoma that was clinically inapparent. Patients with severe autoimmune hemolysis should be considered at risk for complications related to excess uric acid. PMID- 6679214 TI - African trypanosomiasis in an American hunter in East Africa. AB - An American citizen acquired African trypanosomiasis while on a hunting safari in Sudan, East Africa. His travel history and rapid onset of symptoms, including fever, chills, headache, lethargy, and weight loss, were suggestive of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection, and trypanosomes were demonstrated in routine blood smears and buffy-coat preparations. Despite the presence of headaches, nuchal rigidity, and CSF pleocytosis, he was treated for non-CNS African trypanosomiasis, based on a normal CSF IgM level. This case report, along with a review of previously reported cases of imported African trypanosomiasis, illustrates the importance of clinical consideration of this rare, but often misdiagnosed, tropical illness in febrile patients returning from Africa. PMID- 6679215 TI - Myopotential inhibition of a ventricular demand pacemaker in a patient with Parkinson's disease. AB - A patient with severe Parkinson's disease experienced a syncopal attack due to skeletal muscle myopotential inhibition of an implanted ventricular demand pacemaker. The problem was diagnosed with the aid of Holter monitoring, and was corrected by noninvasively programming the pacemaker to a lower sensitivity. PMID- 6679216 TI - Iron deficiency and sickle cell anemia. AB - In a patient with sickle cell anemia, iron deficiency was accompanied by hypochromic, microcytic RBCs, absence of bone marrow iron, and a low serum ferritin level. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was decreased (27.6 g/dL) and was associated with an extreme scarcity of sickled erythrocytes in blood smears. Iron therapy resulted in reticulocytosis and an increase in sickled erythrocytes. In vitro studies demonstrated a decrease in sickling of erythrocytes as a function of oxygen saturation of the blood when the patient was iron deficient. The whole blood oxygen dissociation curve showed a substantial decrease in oxygen pressure necessary to produce 50% saturation of hemoglobin at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C (P50), indicating an increased oxygen affinity. These data suggest that a reduction of the MCHC induced by iron deficiency may ameliorate sickling. PMID- 6679217 TI - Acute renal failure after enhanced computed tomography. AB - Acute renal failure has been reported after the administration of a variety of radiographic contrast media. We treated a patient with preexisting renal insufficiency who received contrast media during computed tomography (CT) and had acute renal failure. The fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) was observed to be 0.2% before contrast media exposure and 3.5% after exposure. Patients with risk factors leading to contrast media-induced acute renal failure should be carefully screened before receiving enhanced CT. PMID- 6679218 TI - Venous thrombosis as a cause of superior vena cava syndrome. Rapid response to streptokinase. AB - Venous thrombosis, resulting in superior vena cava syndrome, developed in a patient with two permanent transvenous pacemaker wires. Therapy with streptokinase resulted in prompt relief of the obstruction, with no complications. In properly selected patients, streptokinase may be the treatment of choice for this potentially life-threatening problem. PMID- 6679219 TI - Cavitary pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - A 25-year-old woman was initially seen with hilar adenopathy and bilateral cavitary lesions. No cause for these roentgenographic abnormalities other than sarcoidosis could be determined. In contrast to what is usually found in acute sarcoidosis, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from this patient contained a normal number of lymphocytes and an increased number of multinucleated giant cells. These findings raise the possibility that patients with acute sarcoidosis and cavitation have an atypical form of this disease. Even though cavitation in acute sarcoidosis is rare, this disorder must be considered in making the differential diagnosis of cavitary lung disease. PMID- 6679220 TI - Total occlusion of left main coronary artery without angina pectoris. AB - A patient had total occlusion of the left main coronary artery that was proved by coronary arteriography. The patient was initially seen with clinical signs of congestive heart failure but without symptoms of angina pectoris or ECG evidence of myocardial infarction. The patient's extensive right-to-left coronary artery collaterals may have contributed to the absence of chest pain. Because of the severe left ventricular dysfunction and the absence of chest pain, the patient was treated with medical therapy. Six months after the cardiac catheterization, he was alive and well under New York Heart Association functional classification II. PMID- 6679221 TI - Graft infection and bacteremia. PMID- 6679223 TI - Naloxone treatment of toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 6679222 TI - Morphine, diabetes, and lipid metabolism. PMID- 6679224 TI - Skin reactions to phytohemagglutinin in the healthy elderly subject and in the immunodeficient subject. PMID- 6679225 TI - Update in neuroleptic malignant syndrome. PMID- 6679226 TI - Granulomatous hepatitis from hydralazine therapy. PMID- 6679227 TI - Alternative methods to detect coronary artery disease. PMID- 6679228 TI - General internal medicine consultation. The last bridge. PMID- 6679229 TI - Atrial fibrillation and flutter. Immediate control and conversion with intravenously administered verapamil. AB - The safety and efficacy of the intravenous (IV) calcium channel blocker, verapamil, in controlling the ventricular response or converting to sinus rhythm patients with atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation were assessed. Seventeen patients (nine with atrial flutter and eight with atrial fibrillation) with these arrhythmias that were difficult to control pharmacologically were chosen for the study. All patients at the time of study were receiving digoxin. Either verapamil or placebo was chosen randomly and a bolus of 0.075 mg/kg (up to 5 mg) was administered. Twelve patients had a marked reduction in their ventricular response after IV administration of verapamil (seven with atrial flutter and five with atrial fibrillation). None of these 12 patients converted (nonconverters). The average reduction in heart rate was from 120 +/- 6 beats per minute to a minimum of 83 +/- 13 beats per minute within 20 minutes after drug administration. Verapamil was found to convert five patients with atrial arrhythmias to sinus rhythm (two with atrial flutter and three with atrial fibrillation) (converters). In addition, three patients with atrial arrhythmias of less than one month who did not convert with parenteral drug therapy converted within 24 hours while receiving the oral drug. Converters had their supraventricular arrhythmias of significantly shorter duration (median, three hours v 30 days) and tended to have smaller left atrial size (3.8 +/- 0.7 cm v 4.3 +/- 1.3 cm) compared with the nonconverters. We conclude that verapamil is safe and effective when administered IV to patients with atrial flutter and fibrillation for control of ventricular response. In short duration atrial arrhythmias, conversion to sinus rhythm is likely once the ventricular response is controlled. PMID- 6679230 TI - Acute treatment of hypertension with slow infusion of diazoxide. AB - We have treated 81 patients who had hypertension with slow intravenous infusion of diazoxide (15 mg/min; 5 mg/kg of body weight). Blood pressure was reduced effectively both in patients with severe hypertension (n = 40) and in patients with a hypertensive crisis (n = 34); the decrease of mean arterial pressure (delta MAP) being -17.0% +/- 1.2% (mean +/- SEM) and -19.7% +/- 1.5%, respectively. However, the delta MAP was significantly greater in patients with preeclampsia (-26.0% +/- 3.0%). In all instances BP fell gradually and then decreased only slightly after discontinuation of the infusion. Thus, the potentially hazardous, steep, and exaggerated fall of BP, observed after bolus injections, can be avoided. Electrocardiographic signs of myocardial ischemia were seen in two patients. No other serious side effects were observed. We conclude that, even in patients with a hypertensive crisis, slow infusion is a safe and effective procedure for the reduction of BP. PMID- 6679231 TI - Previous hospital care and pneumococcal bacteremia. Importance for pneumococcal immunization. AB - At the University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics (UCHC), 60% of 126 patients who survived, and 70% of 40 patients who died with pneumococcal bacteremia had been discharged at least once within the previous five years. The experience of 39 patients with bacteremia at the Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital, Cooperstown, NY, was similar. There were 144 UCHC patients with high-risk conditions. In 69%, these conditions were evident on an earlier hospital admission. In contrast, only two of 22 UCHC patients without high-risk conditions had been previously discharged. In addition to age and underlying medical condition, previous hospital care can help to define high-risk individuals for pneumococcal immunization. The results also suggest that hospitals should assume a major role in the prevention of serious pneumococcal infections. PMID- 6679232 TI - Relationship of wheezing to the severity of obstruction in asthma. AB - Ninety-three asthmatic patients were examined on 320 occasions for wheezing and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). The presence of a wheeze (either reported by the patient or found on examination) was associated with a significantly lower PEFR. Expiratory wheezing was usually accompanied by inspiratory wheezing; this biphasic wheezing was associated with a lower PEFR than only expiratory wheezing. Loudness and the high pitch of wheezing were associated with more severe obstruction. Most expiratory wheezing lasted throughout the entire expiration. Expiratory or inspiratory wheezing of high pitch, moderate to severe intensity, and spanning the entire phase of the breath was associated with a lower PEFR than wheezing without these characteristics. Although characterization of wheezing has a general relationship to the severity of airway obstruction, an objective measurement of expiratory flow rate is necessary for the evaluation of each patient's condition. PMID- 6679233 TI - Outcome of anesthesia and surgery in hypothyroid patients. AB - We retrospectively examined the outcome of anesthesia and surgery in 59 hypothyroid patients and in 59 paired euthyroid matched controls. Hypothyroid patients had more preoperative risk factors but did not differ as a group from controls with regard to duration of surgery or anesthesia, lowest temperature and BP recorded during surgery, need for vasopressors, time to extubation, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, incidence of arrhythmias, pulmonary and myocardial infarction, sepsis, need for postoperative respiratory assistance, bleeding complications, or time to hospital dismissal. Analysis of subsets of hypothyroidism (thyroxine level, less than 1.0, less than 3.0, and greater than or equal to 3.0 micrograms/dL) also failed to disclose any significant differences compared with matched controls. Among patients with mild or moderate hypothyroidism, we found no evidence to justify deferring needed surgery until the hypothyroidism has been corrected. PMID- 6679234 TI - Long-term BP monitoring in the evaluation of antihypertensive therapy. AB - Noninvasive BP monitoring was performed in hypertensive patients before and during placebo therapy and before and during therapy with the long-acting peripheral alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist, terazosin hydrochloride. Placebo therapy did not result in significant changes in casual BP or in averages of whole-day, daytime, or nighttime BPs. Short-term therapy with terazosin did not induce significant changes in casual supine or daytime BPs. However, whole-day BP monitoring disclosed that nighttime BPs were lower during shortterm therapy. Moreover, the circadian pattern of BP was shifted downward during terazosin therapy. Long-term therapy with terazosin resulted in significant changes in BP. All BP values were lowered significantly. The differences in the circadian BP pattern between placebo and long-term terazosin therapy show that in these patients BP was lowered throughout the 24 hours of the day. The results of the study emphasize the usefulness of 24-hour BP monitoring in the evaluation of the effectiveness of long-acting antihypertensive agents. PMID- 6679235 TI - Splenic abscess complicating infectious endocarditis. AB - Infective endocarditis is the most common condition predisposing a patient to splenic abscess, and the conditions of 37 such patients are reviewed herein. Streptococci accounted for 18 abscesses, with six containing enterococci; 12 other contained staphylococci. Symptoms suggesting splenic abscess include abdominal distention, hiccups, and pain in the left flank, abdomen, and shoulder. Physical signs include recurrent or persistent fever and abdominal tenderness, with splenomegaly often inapparent. The most frequent finding on x-ray film is pleural effusion on the left side. Seventeen patients not undergoing splenectomy died; in these, the diagnosis of splenic abscess was established postmortem. Twenty patients underwent splenectomy, 19 of whom received antibiotics and survived; one patient who was not treated with antibiotics died. Physicians should suspect splenic abscess in patients with endocarditis, particularly those with staphylococcal or enterococcal endocarditis. Those patients with clinical evidence suggestive of splenic abscess should undergo specific diagnostic studies, and exploratory laparotomy may be necessary. PMID- 6679236 TI - Hereditary late-onset lymphedema with pleural effusion and laryngeal edema. AB - We examined two middle-aged male cousins with unexplained edema of postpubertal onset involving the upper and lower limbs, face, and larynx and, in one of them, a persistent pleural effusion. Scintilymphangiography detected an apparent paucity or absence of lymph nodes in the axillae and above the inguinal ligaments, indicating a defect in the lymphatic systems. Laryngeal edema, confirmed endoscopically, produced changes in one of them in the flow volume loop characteristic of a variable extrathoracic obstruction. A family study showed autosomal dominant transmission of the disorder. The nosology of late-onset lymphedema is briefly discussed, with particular reference to the so-called yellow nail syndrome. PMID- 6679238 TI - Systolic hypertension. Direct and indirect BP measurements. AB - The BPs of each of 26 patients with systolic hypertension were simultaneously measured indirectly by the cuff-mercury sphygmomanometer (cuff) and directly by intra-arterial recording from a brachial artery. The systolic BPs recorded by the two methods were comparable, indicating that systolic hypertension can be reliably diagnosed by readings from the cuff alone. However, the average diastolic BP was significantly overestimated by the cuff. This error in turn led to an underestimation by the cuff of the pulse pressure and overestimation of the mean arterial pressure. Thus, the low intra-arterial (true) diastolic BP and wide pulse pressure make increased arterial stiffness a plausible contributing factor in the pathophysiology of systolic hypertension. PMID- 6679237 TI - Effects of propranolol therapy on renal function and body fluid composition. AB - Fourteen hypertensive men underwent assessment of renal function and body fluid composition following short-term (three to six weeks), long-term (five to six months), and withdrawal (two weeks) of propranolol hydrochloride monotherapy for the treatment of hypertension. Results indicate that propranolol had little effect on glomerular filtration rate (less than 10% decrease); changes that did occur were directly correlated with changes in effective renal plasma flow. Propranolol therapy decreased effective renal plasma flow 14% and renal blood flow 15% during long-term therapy; decreases in renal perfusion persisted following withdrawal of therapy. Propranolol therapy was neither antidiuretic nor antinatriuretic; propranolol had no effect on urine osmolality, free water clearance, sodium clearance, or fractional sodium excretion. Furthermore, propranolol therapy did not expand plasma volume, extracellular fluid volume, or total body water. Finally, propranolol therapy had no effect on the renal handling of potassium or on serum potassium concentration. PMID- 6679239 TI - Effect of cost education, cost audits, and faculty chart review on the use of laboratory services. AB - A randomized controlled trial of several strategies designed to reduce the use of laboratory tests by house staff was performed in two parts. Part 1 compared cost education, cost audits, and both methods combined, all after a baseline observation period. Significant reductions were achieved only in the combination group for the categories of total tests (9.4%) and Sequential Multiple Analysis (SMA)-12 (10.8%), but not for charges, SMA-6, or complete blood cell counts (CBCs). Part 2 compared a group subjected to faculty chart review with a control group. Significant reductions in total charges (9.8%), total tests (15.1%), SMA 12s (20.6%), SMA-6s (12.5%), and CBCs (18.5%) were observed in the intervention group, as compared with the control group. Among the methods examined, faculty chart review seems to be the most effective method of reducing the amount of laboratory testing performed by house staff. PMID- 6679240 TI - Are intravenous fluids morally required for a dying patient? PMID- 6679241 TI - True posterior myocardial infarction. PMID- 6679242 TI - Diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. PMID- 6679243 TI - [Essential fatty acids: its transformations and functions]. AB - Essential fatty acids, in animals, pertain to two different fatty acid families: the linoleic and the linolenic. These, and the non-essential families of oleic and palmitoleic are produced by action of the enzymes proper. The lack of essential fatty acids produces typical symptoms that are accompanied by fatty acid compositions, also typical, utilized with diagnostic value. The biological effects of essential fatty acids can be specific and nonspecific. The latter manifest themselves particularly in the phospholipid composition and, therefore, in the structure and fluency of the membranes. In contrast, specific essential fatty acids act in the formation of prostaglandins, prostacyclins, tromboxans and leucotriens. Each essential fatty acid produces specific effects, depending on the prostanoids formed and the tissue in question. PMID- 6679244 TI - Notes on mortality research. Discussion of related papers presented at the International Population Conference of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP), held in Manila, Philippines, December 9-16, 1981. PMID- 6679246 TI - [Comparison of 4 methods of evaluating protein quality in vegetable sources]. AB - This study compares the practical value of the following methods: protein efficiency ratio (PER), blood urea concentration in rats (BUC), relative nutritive value (RNV), and predicted protein value (PPV) to evaluate the protein quality of 41 diets of plant origin. Results demonstrated low correlations between PER and RNV (r = 0.66), PER and PPV (r = 0.53), RNV and PPV (r = 0.54), whereas there was a high negative correlation between PER and BUC (r = -0.89). These different procedures can be useful and valid for distinct and well-defined objectives, but the evaluation of results must be made in accordance with the purpose of the experiment. In assessing the protein quality of foodstuffs, it is therefore recommended that mathematical computer models be developed which take into account the cybernetic system of the amino acid metabolism. This would definitely reduce the actual need of expensive long-term biological assays. PMID- 6679245 TI - [Relation between erythrocyte free protoporphyrins and usual iron intake in a group of University of Buenos Aires students]. AB - In order to analyze the interrelationships between free erythrocyte protoporphyrins and the usual iron intake in adult students, biochemical, and hematological values, and dietary daily intake, obtained using the recall method during seven days, were studied. Hematocrit (Hto.), hemoglobin (Hb) and free erythrocyte protoporphyrins (FEP) were determined in a group of 145 female university students, healthy according to the standard parameters of the Buenos Aires University Health Department. Mean iron intake was 23.0 +/- 1.5 mg per day, about 44% being provided by animal sources; 74.5% of the population was within the recommended daily intake according to FAO/WHO; only 0.7% of the population did not cover protein requirements while 35% did not cover energy needs. Hto. and Hb were below normal levels in 7.8% of the population when compared with standards according to ICNND. To obtain information about normal values to FEP, expressed as microgram/100 ml red cells (FEP% r.c.) and FEP/Hb ratio, the group of students with adequate intake of energy and proteins who had normal values for Hb and Hto. was selected. This group, including 94 women, had a mean FEP% r.c. of 15.71 +/- 7.26 and a mean FEP/Hb ratio of 0.44 +/- 0.21. There was observed an inverse correlation between FEP% r.c. and FEP/Hb with total iron intake (r = 0.80 and r = 0.78, respectively) and between FEP% r.c. and Hb concentration (r = 0.81). These results confirm the usefulness of the free erythrocyte protoporphyrins determination as a good index of iron stores and usual intake of this population. PMID- 6679247 TI - [The dietary score as a simplified methodology in processing and analyzing food consumption data]. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the dietary score as a valid and rapid alternative procedure for the processing and analysis of food consumption data in Guatemala. The dietary score consists in assigning points to a diet based upon the number of servings the diet provides of each one of the eight groups in which food has been classified. The size of the serving for each food receiving points was estimated based on available data describing the food pattern of Guatemala. The caloric contribution of each of the eight groups to the total caloric intake was also calculated, and information on the caloric and nutrient needs of the Guatemalan population is discussed. In this communication, the dietary score was compared to the percentage of adequacy for energy and nutrients in 392 diets of women, and children between the ages of 24 and 60 months. Half of the dietaries were collected using the 24-hour recall method, while in the other half, the direct weighing method was used. Nutritional adequacy was estimated from food composition tables and based on the recommended energy and nutrient intake figures. In addition, by utilizing the adequacy indices for energy and nutrients, a binary variable was developed to describe the overall adequacy of the diet. This variable describes the probability a diet has of being adequate, given the dietary score obtained. In conclusion, the dietary score was found to be a valid, rapid and efficient alternative for the processing and evaluation of food consumption information, collected by means of either the direct weighing of foods or the 24-hour recall methods. PMID- 6679248 TI - Cultivation of two varieties of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, L. DC) in Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo. AB - Winged bean was recently introduced in the region of Jaboticabal, and the behavior of varieties "UPS-31" and "UPS-122" in different planting seasons was studied. Plantings were spaced 15 days, and the experiment started October 16, 1978 and ended December 15 of the same year. Plantings were made in rows, spaced 1.50 m from each other, leaving a distance of 0.60 m between plants. Their growth was tutored by bamboo poles which led them to a single wire placed horizontally at 1.70 m from the soil. An effect of the planting season was observed on flowering and fructification, since late plantings presented lower values for these characteristics and also decreased the harvesting period of the dry pods. Early plantings led to a higher development of the plants, and also to higher yield values as yield is a consequence of the number of pods per plant, with a high content of seeds per pod. Variety "UPS-122" was somewhat late in flowering and more vigorous than "UPS-31". The planting season did not affect the protein and oil contents, and average values in seeds of 43% and 17% were obtained, respectively. PMID- 6679249 TI - [Evaluation of chemical and nutritional characteristics of the seed of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)]. AB - Some chemical and nutritional characteristics of the rubber seed Hevea brasiliensis were studied. The protein content, its amino acid composition as well as the iron, calcium, phosphorus and cyanide (free and bound) concentrations, were determined in the dehulled seed. The effect of soaking, cooking, soaking-cooking and cooking-fat extraction procedure of the seed on the cyanide content and its in vivo protein utilization, was also evaluated. The protein quality was biologically assessed using the protein efficiency ratio (PER). The protein content of the seed was 18%, and the most limiting amino acid was threonine, with a chemical score of 71.6. The iron, calcium and phosphorus contents were 6.2, 109 and 429 mg/100 g, respectively. Its fat content was 48% with a total energy value of 702 kcal/100 g (2,948 Kj/100 g). The total cyanide content in the fresh seed was 130-230 mg/100 g; 6% was in the free form and 94% as bound cyanide. The most effective treatment for reducing the cyanide content was found to be 20 hours of soaking in water, combined with one hour of cooking. The raw seed had a low nutritive value and produced weight loss and death when fed to rats. The protein value, however, improved upon the seed treatment, reaching PER values close to those found in traditional cereals such as corn. It is therefore concluded that the seed of Hevea brasiliensis is a good source of energy, calcium, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine. In contrast, it is a poor source of threonine, leucine and lysine. Its cyanide content is high, but when removed by treatment, such as soaking in water, cooking or fat extraction, the protein utilization can be improved. PMID- 6679250 TI - [Radiographic view of asbestosis and respiratory functional correlations]. PMID- 6679251 TI - [Sarcoma of the soft tissues]. PMID- 6679252 TI - [Effect on the mucociliary clearance of ambroxol administered via inhalation: preliminary observations]. PMID- 6679253 TI - [Use of monitoring theophylline in therapeutic indications of chronic bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 6679255 TI - [Recurrent right pleural effusion]. PMID- 6679254 TI - [Letosteine in chronic bronchopathy]. PMID- 6679256 TI - [Legionnaires' disease. II. Epidemiologic, microbiologic and anatomo-pathologic aspects]. PMID- 6679257 TI - Cognitive and personality functioning of Jewish holocaust survivors during the midlife transition (46-65) in Israel. PMID- 6679258 TI - [Depth of processing and the feeling of knowing phenomenon in verbal material]. PMID- 6679259 TI - Similarity of comparison group, opinions about facts and values and social projection. PMID- 6679260 TI - [Problem solving in a complex situation]. PMID- 6679261 TI - Ordinality and disordinality of first-order interaction in ANOVA. PMID- 6679263 TI - Recommended UV exposure limits for tanning equipment, and spectral irradiances of solarium lamps, sunlamps and daylight. PMID- 6679262 TI - Attenuation coefficient and atomic number calculation involving elements between hydrogen and zinc in the CT scanner energy range of 50 to 100 keV. PMID- 6679265 TI - Laser irradiation of crustacean ova: effects on larval morphology and fertilization. PMID- 6679266 TI - The application of nuclear magnetic resonance in medicine. PMID- 6679264 TI - Quality testing of reticulated gas services in a new hospital using a computerised mass-spectrometer based gas analysis system. PMID- 6679268 TI - Pride and prejudice, or how to live with the environment. PMID- 6679267 TI - Paradox and partnership--the engineer's contribution to medicine. PMID- 6679269 TI - Motor unit activity and muscle strength development. PMID- 6679270 TI - Spectral energy of the first heart sound in relation to mitral valve size parameter. PMID- 6679272 TI - Depth dosimetry of curved radon-222 plesiotherapy applicators. PMID- 6679271 TI - Microcomputer system for electro-oculography. PMID- 6679273 TI - Laser safety. PMID- 6679275 TI - An iontophoresis unit for the treatment of hyperhidrosis. PMID- 6679274 TI - Factors to be considered in establishing an Australian exposure standard for ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 6679277 TI - The assessment of post-operative facial swelling by analytical photogrammetry. PMID- 6679276 TI - Quantitative in-vivo determination of bone mineral using computerized roentgenographic densitometry. PMID- 6679278 TI - An intercomparison of personnel monitoring services in Australia. PMID- 6679280 TI - A simple ultrasound field strength meter for testing ultrasound therapy units. PMID- 6679279 TI - Background and development of the space project on "aggregation of red cells". PMID- 6679281 TI - Development of a voice amplifying device for incapacitated persons. PMID- 6679282 TI - Deconvolution in the study of lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 6679283 TI - Boron neutron capture therapy--a research program for glioblastoma and melanoma. PMID- 6679284 TI - [The evolution of the coagulation system from primitive defense mechanisms]. AB - Sequence analysis shoes that the probability of amino acid substitution in a particular protein is a constant function of time. The appearance of specific marker proteins within the phylogenetic system serves as "molecular clock", indicating the time of divergence of any species from a common ancestor. The circulatory system represents an adaption of coelom liquid from animals such as primitive metazoans, poriferes, coralles and coelenterates to the more effectiv transport system in higher animals. Amoebocytes are the predecessor of macrophages and leucocytes. During the development of higher organized animals, thrombocytes or platelets arise from such a common ancestor, the haemocytes. Fibrinogen, as a clottable protein, develops from a structurally related coagulogen of primitive arthropods. In comparison to cytochrom C or collagen, it is a phylogenetically young protein. In early evolution haemostatic problems were solved in primitive animals by the tryptic activation of coagulogen, inducing a slow polymerisation process or by the direct formation of a covalently linked protein network by the activity of ligases. Both enzymes are preserved during phylogenesis and are comparable with thrombin and factor XIII in higher developed vertebrates. The two-domain evolution of serine proteases, comprising binding site and the reactive serine, leads finally to the complete cascade of clotting enzymes to adapt the circulatory system to the increased demands for haemostatic protection. PMID- 6679285 TI - [Intra- and extravascular distribution of coagulation proteins. Interaction with the vascular wall]. AB - Blood proteins specific for the clotting process show the same distribution behavior into the extra vascular space like other plasma proteins. They participate in the macromolecular transport through the vessel wall into the interstitial space and the lymph fluid. The reported results were obtained by vital microscopic investigations of mesenteric vessels of rats using different quantitative techniques with labeled proteins. Fluorescein labeled fibrinogen, antithrombin III, and plasminogen in this technique behave differently according to their molecular weight differences. In humans the extravascular distribution of clotting factors was studied using the model of cantharides skin blister. Some clotting factors were found to be diminished to a different degree pointing to clotting phenomena during transport. - In contrast to most other plasma proteins fluorescein labeled fibrinogen is found to have an affinity to blood vessels, as can be shown using the vital microscopic technique and rat mesenteric vessels. With this, one can detect areas at the interendothelial cell borders of small veins where the fibrinogen turnover primarily takes place. Similar affinities have been detected with fibronectin and a polypeptide from F VIII digest. The results are interpreted as a morphological hint at the functional connection between blood coagulation and the permeability of vessels for macromolecules. PMID- 6679286 TI - Early treatment with AT III in acute liver failure. AB - In acute liver failure there is often evidence of consumption coagulopathy in addition to interference with the synthesis of coagulation enzymes. Seven patients in hepatic coma (Grade IV-V) were treated by baboon liver perfusion bypass. Replacement therapy with antithrombin III (AT-III) proved useful in the management of the consumption coagulopathy. In the course of further work antithrombin III replacement therapy was given to 13 patients with acute liver failure at an early stage, before they could lapse into deep coma. Six patients with a Colombi index (the sum of Factors II, V and VII) below 75% - an unfavourable prognostic sign - survived the episode of acute liver failure. Early replacement with antithrombin III can be used to treat the coagulation abnormalities which occur during acute liver failure and should gain time for liver cell regeneration to take place. PMID- 6679287 TI - [Therapy of patients with severe liver insufficiency using antithrombin III and plasma derivatives]. AB - The treatment of three patients suffering from carbon tetrachloride intoxication with antithrombin III and plasma derivatives is reported. In these patients an acute liver failure had been proven, characterized by a disturbed protein synthesis and a severe haemostasis defect. The latter manifested itself by a consumption of platelets, clotting enzymes and the inhibitors antithrombin III and alpha 2-antiplasmin. It was due to an intravascular coagulation leading to disturbances in the microcirculation. This often letal circulus vitiosus could be stopped in these patients by treatment with antithrombin III concentrate combined with low dose heparin and fresh frozen plasma. Clinical improvements are discussed on the basis of the pathophysiology of the liver. PMID- 6679288 TI - Faking "turn-ons" and "turn-offs". The effects of competitory covert imagery on penile tumescence responses to diverse extrinsic sexual stimulus materials. PMID- 6679289 TI - Structured learning therapy. A study with chronic psychiatric patients and level of pathology. PMID- 6679290 TI - The modification of parent behavior. A review of generalization and maintenance. PMID- 6679291 TI - Interpersonal adjustment of a homosexual adult. Enhancement via social skills training. PMID- 6679292 TI - Eliminating stealing. Use of stimulus control with an elementary student. PMID- 6679293 TI - Weight control among coworkers. Effects of monetary contingencies and social milieu. PMID- 6679294 TI - It may not be worth the effort! Trained judges' global ratings as a criterion measure of social skills and anxiety. PMID- 6679295 TI - Children with diabetes. Social skills training and hemoglobin A1c levels. PMID- 6679296 TI - Behavioral ecology of a staff incentive program. Effects on absenteeism and resident disruptive behavior. PMID- 6679297 TI - Low female sexual arousal. Negative results using biofeedback and sex therapy. PMID- 6679298 TI - Peer observation in decreasing uncooperative behavior in young dental patients. PMID- 6679299 TI - Behavioral treatment of self-stimulation in the developmentally disabled. A methodological review. PMID- 6679300 TI - Assessing subjective responses to assertive behavior. Data from patient samples. PMID- 6679301 TI - Communication behaviors that affect blood pressure. An A-B-A-B analysis of marital interaction. PMID- 6679302 TI - Discrimination of blood glucose levels in insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 6679303 TI - Additive effects of dexedrine and self-control training. A multiple assessment. PMID- 6679304 TI - Discriminant analysis of depressive interactions. PMID- 6679306 TI - Teaching nutritional meal planning to developmentally disabled clients. PMID- 6679305 TI - A family approach to functional sign language. PMID- 6679307 TI - Treating chronic aggression. Effects and side effects of response-contingent ammonia spirits. PMID- 6679308 TI - Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Evaluating outcome with a behavioral code. PMID- 6679309 TI - Anxiety and coping behavior during an emergency landing. PMID- 6679310 TI - Treatment of compulsive looking by imaginal thought-stopping. PMID- 6679311 TI - Behavioral treatment of the elderly. Implications for theory and therapy. PMID- 6679312 TI - Heterosocial anxiety in college females. A biased interactions treatment. PMID- 6679313 TI - NADH-monodehydroascorbate reductase in human erythrocyte membranes. AB - Enzymatic activity of NADH-monodehydroascorbate reductase could be observed in red blood cell membranes. This activity was latent in right side out as well as inside out vesicles. Apart from this latency addition of certain detergents led to activation of the enzyme also in open membrane preparations. The enzyme was inhibited by metal chelators, and displayed a very low apparent Michaelis constant. Monodehydroascorbate is a candidate for the natural electron acceptor of the transmembrane NADH-oxido-reductase. The activation by detergent may be due to enhancement of lipid fluidity or to exposure of a lipophilic substrate binding site. PMID- 6679314 TI - Glutathione S-transferase in human organs. AB - Glutathione S-transferase (GSH-T) distribution has been investigated in human tissues. The relative contribution of each species to total enzyme activity of the various tissues has been compared. "Cationic" (pI greater than 7.5) "neutral" (pI 6-6.5) and "anionic" (pI less than 5.4) species of GSH-T were separated by isoelectric focusing. "Cationic" GSH-Ts (ligandin) quantitated by radioimmunoassay were present in all tissues studied. Highest concentrations were in liver, kidney, duodenum, testis and adrenal. "Neutral" and "anionic" GSH-Ts were not present in every tissue or in every specimen of some tissues studied. Marked inter-organ and inter-individual variation in the relative concentration of the 3 GSH-T species may explain individual and organ susceptibility to drugs and toxins and underlines the need for future studies to examine individual enzymes rather than total activity. PMID- 6679315 TI - Cadmium administration and hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme system: effect of pretreatment with phenobarbital and 3-methyl cholanthrene. AB - A single dose of cadmium sulphate (2 mg/kg, ip) produced variable effects on the components of hepatic microsomal enzyme system in untreated, phenobarbital and 3 methyl cholanthrene pretreated rats. Measurements of the activities of these components showed that phenobarbital pretreatment prevented the decrease in the specific activity of benzphetamine demethylase, as well as decrease in the contents of cytochrome P-450 and phosphatidyl choline seen in rats given cadmium alone. In contrast, prior administration of 3-methyl cholanthrene did not protect against the inhibitory effect of the metal on cytochrome P-450 and phospholipid components. However, the dose of cadmium used in this study did not appear to have any significant effect on the activities of cytochrome P-450 reductase and aniline hydroxylase. PMID- 6679316 TI - Sulphate turnover of surface proteoglycans in cultured rat smooth muscle cells. AB - Turnover of radioactive sulphate-labelled proteoglycans in cultured rat smooth muscle cells was detected by pulse chase techniques. The degradation appeared to take the form of desulphation of sulphated macromolecules, with a loss in total sulphate of approximately 50% in 5 days. The desulphation process occurred in the pericellular/matrix compartment of the culture system and was unaffected by inhibition of matrix formation by beta-aminopropionitrile, or by incubation of cells with lysomotropic inhibitors. There was no evidence for further degradation of desulphated species even when exogenous, radio-labelled proteoglycans were added to fresh cultures and incubated for four days. Labelled macromolecules initiated on xyloside acceptors were desulphated by rat smooth muscle cell cultures more slowly than intact proteoglycans. PMID- 6679317 TI - Mechanism of aldolase binding to erythrocyte membrane: Part II. Kinetic aspects. AB - The nature of binding of FDP aldolase to bovine erythrocyte membrane was examined. The Km value of bound and soluble enzyme differed by an order. The absence of time-lag in the velocity-time curves at various concentrations of the substrate and the similar extent of inactivation of bound and soluble enzyme on heat treatment suggested that the enzyme was bound at a point other than the catalytic site. The release of the enzyme by various glycolytic intermediates suggested their involvement in binding to the catalytic site through phosphate linkage. The non-phosphorylated compounds like lactate, reduced glutathione, 2 mercaptoethanol and EDTA were ineffective in eluting the enzyme. On the basis of separate binding sites on the enzyme for membrane and ligands, the mechanism of association dissociation of aldolase has been suggested. PMID- 6679318 TI - Studies on the mechanism of adenosine transport in Trypanosoma vivax. AB - Adenosine uptake in the presence of some metabolic inhibitors and nucleosides has been studied. The uptake of adenosine was inhibited by oubain, phlorizin, iodoacetate and coformycin. Guanosine, on the other hand stimulated adenosine uptake to a considerable extent. Neither thymidine nor inosine caused significant change in adenosine uptake. Results of the time course assay and uptake studies at various concentrations of adenosine suggest that possibly more than one mode of uptake operates in the transport of adenosine in T. Vivax. PMID- 6679319 TI - Abnormalities of various serum enzyme activities in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - Recently, attentions are being aroused as to the enzymatic network abnormalities lying behind congenital enzyme deficiency syndromes. We investigated abnormalities in activities of various hydrolytic enzymes in serum of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH, 21-hydroxylase deficiency). Several enzyme activities including trypsin-like enzyme, cathepsin C and esterase were significantly decreased in patients' serum. Especially the esterase activity in patients' serum was reduced to one third of controls and this may have some relations to the abnormal steroid metabolism of these patients. A multivariate analysis showed unexpectedly extensive abnormalities in enzyme interrelationships. These results suggest that wide variety of abnormal metabolism may be related to an apparent enzyme deficiency. PMID- 6679320 TI - Effects of the metabolites of the branched-chain amino acids and cysteamine on the glycine cleavage system. AB - The effects of ten metabolites of the branched-chain amino acids, CoA and cysteamine (beta-mercaptoethylamine), on the glycine cleavage system were investigated with the liver extracts. It was found that CoA derivatives including tiglyl CoA, isobutyryl CoA, succinyl CoA, methylmalonyl CoA, isovaleryl CoA, propionyl CoA and CoA itself and cysteamine significantly inhibited the glycine cleavage system of the liver extracts. Further studies on the glycine-14CO2 exchange catalyzed by p-protein and H-protein purified from chicken liver indicated that tiglyl CoA inhibited the activity of P-protein in an apparently competitive manner with respect to H-protein, and that cysteamine inhibited the activity of P-protein in two ways, by increasing the Km value for glycine and changing Vmax. PMID- 6679321 TI - Precursor of mitochondrial glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase isozyme exists as a dimer. AB - Mitochondrial glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase is synthesized in the cytoplasm as a larger precursor and then imported into mitochondria in association with its processing to mature form. The precursor corresponded to about 0.05-0.1% of the total proteins synthesized on membrane-free polysomes. Gel permeation chromatography showed that the molecular weight of the precursor was about 100,000 daltons, which was slightly larger than that of mature enzyme (homodimer: 45,000 x 2). On the other hand, sodium dodecylsulfate treated precursor had the molecular size (about 50,000 daltons) slightly larger than that of the subunit of mature one by the gel permeation chromatography. These results suggest that the precursor of mitochondrial glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase exists as a dimer. PMID- 6679324 TI - Hydroxyurea inhibits thymidine kinase activity in developing rat cerebellum. AB - Hydroxyurea when injected intraperitoneally into rats either as a single dose or as three consecutive daily doses, markedly inhibited thymidine kinase activity in cerebellum on 7th day. The inhibitory effect of the drug was found to be both dose and time dependent. The drug has however, failed to exert any inhibitory action when added to the reaction mixture in vitro. It is concluded that the well established inhibition on DNA synthesis by hydroxyurea may not be solely due to its action on ribonucleotide reductase (EC 1.17.4.1) but probably due to its interference at several other sites including thymidine kinase. PMID- 6679323 TI - Activity changes of glyoxalases I-II and glutathione reductase in regenerating rat liver. AB - In regenerating rat liver Glyoxalase I activity shows a significant increase 24 48 hrs after partial hepatectomy. Glyoxalase II activity is significantly increased at 16, 48, and 72 hrs, and shows a transient decrease at 24 hrs after surgery. It is likely that the observed changes in Glyoxalases I and II activities during hepatic regeneration are correlated with the different roles of these enzymes. Glutathione reductase activity, significantly reduced within 8-72 hrs after surgery, does not show any correlation with Glyoxalases. These studied enzyme activities do not display significant changes in the sham-operated animals. PMID- 6679322 TI - New metabolites of riboflavin appeared in rat urine. AB - By using paper and silica gel thin layer chromatography with various solvent systems, flavin compounds appeared in rat urine after administration of radioactive riboflavin were analyzed in detail. Two new metabolites having radioactivity were separated and their structures were determined to be 7-carboxy lumichrome and 8-carboxy lumichrome. The sum of radioactivities of these two compounds was about 46% of total radioactivity excreted in the urine during 24 h. PMID- 6679325 TI - Biosynthesis of S-(2-hydroxy-2-carboxyethylthio)-L-cysteine (3-mercaptolactate cysteine disulfide) by the rat heart. AB - Incubation of 3-mercaptopyruvate with rat heart homogenate resulted in the formation of S-(2-hydroxy-2-carboxy-ethylthio)-L-cysteine (HCETC, 3 mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfide), L-cysteine and 3-mercaptolactate with the concomitant decrease in glutamate and aspartate. These results indicate that a part of 3-mercaptopyruvate was converted to L-cysteine by transamination, a part was reduced to 3-mercaptolactate, and HCETC was formed from these two products. Another peak which corresponds to L-cysteine-glutathione disulfide on amino acid analysis was also produced during the incubation. PMID- 6679326 TI - Plasma lipoproteins in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Plasma lipoproteins of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and carriers of the disease, together with age- and sex-matched controls, were examined by density gradient ultracentrifugation and agarose gel electrophoresis. Analysis of density gradient profiles revealed a significant reduction in absorbance (435 nm) by low density and high density lipoproteins from Duchenne patients when compared with controls. Although no abnormalities were observed on electrophoresis of whole plasma samples, the isolated low density lipoprotein fractions from Duchenne patients and carriers displayed increased electrophoretic mobility compared with controls. The results obtained implicate the plasma lipoproteins, in particular the low density lipoproteins, as the primary site of the lesion in this disease. PMID- 6679327 TI - Effect of ionizing radiation on synthesis of sub-replicon size DNA in ataxia telangiectasia cells. AB - The effect of gamma-radiation on the synthesis of short fragments of DNA was studied in control and ataxia telangiectasia lymphoblastoid cell lines. Cells were pulsed with [3H]thymidine for 90 sec, which resulted in labelling of DNA fragments ranging from 0.1-2.1 x 10(7) daltons in size in both control and ataxia telangiectasia cells. After exposure to 800 rad of gamma-rays, a decrease in the formation of DNA over this molecular weight range was observed in four control cell lines, 30 min post-irradiation. Four ataxia telangiectasia cell lines however exhibited no reduction in the synthesis of sub-replicon size DNA. PMID- 6679328 TI - Changes in carbamyl phosphate synthetase and ornithine transcarbamylase levels during development and in response to changes in diet. Application of the electrophoretic transfer technique. AB - We have investigated changes in the levels of carbamylphosphate synthetase and ornithine transcarbamylase in response to the protein content of the diet and during development using the electrophoretic transfer technique. Levels of carbamylphosphate synthetase increased from 3.01 +/- 0.21 mg/g liver to 8.80 +/- 0.46 mg/g liver in rats on diet containing 15% and 60% casein. The levels of ornithine transcarbamylase showed a smaller increase from 0.49 +/- 0.06 to 0.82 +/- 0.09 mg/g liver. Developmental patterns for these enzymes were also different: carbamylphosphate synthetase increased sharply from less than 0.01 mg/g liver at 15,16 and 17 days foetal age to 1.6 mg/g liver at birth and 4.9 mg/g liver in adults. Ornithine transcarbamylase increased gradually from 0.04 mg/g liver at 15 days foetal age to 0.23 mg/g liver at birth and 0.59 mg/g liver in adult liver. At no stage during development was the precursor form of either enzyme detected in liver extracts. PMID- 6679329 TI - Rapid purification of collagen binding glycoproteins secreted by cultured endothelial cells. AB - Two distinct lines of bovine aortal endothelial cells and also chick embryo fibroblasts, secrete two major non-associating collagen binding proteins into the growth medium. Both proteins are anionic, mannose-containing glycoproteins but differ in molecular weight (Mr = 220,000 and 70,000 daltons respectively), affinity for heparin and reactivity to antiserum against plasma fibronectin. The large molecular weight glycoprotein was identified as fibronectin. In this paper we present a novel rapid procedure for purification of each glycoprotein under non-denaturing conditions. A simple two step affinity column procedure was used to achieve high yields (80% and 85% respectively) of native, non-denatured glycoproteins suitable for fine analytical purposes and cell interaction studies. PMID- 6679330 TI - Effect of retinol and retinoic acid on P/O ratios of coupled mitochondria. AB - Retinol at levels above 0.5 n moles/mg protein and retinoic acid at levels above 0.25 n moles/mg protein are shown to uncouple mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Uncoupling is measured with the substrates ascorbate plus N,N,N',N'-tetra-methyl-p-phenylenediamine, succinate and beta-hydroxybutyrate. These experiments indicate that the uncoupling effects of retinol and retinoic acid are not site specific but likely are the result of the vitamin being a general membrane bilayer disrupting agent. PMID- 6679331 TI - Further characterization of the dioxin receptor in the rat deciduoma. AB - The rat deciduoma cytosol contains a protein which binds radio-labeled dioxin and sediments as an 8-9 S entity on 10-40 per cent (w/v) sucrose density gradients. Incubation of cytosol with [3H]-TCDD at 37 degrees C for ten minutes shifted the sedimentation coefficient from 8-9 S to 4-5 S, whereas incubation of cytosol at room temperature for 30 minutes has no effect on the S value. At high concentrations of [3H]-TCDD the dioxin receptor complex tends to aggregate. Cytosol eluted with 0.25 M KCl from a DEAE cellulose column and complexed with [3H]-TCDD sedimented at 9S in low ionic strength buffer, but sedimented slower (5S) in the presence of 0.4 M KCl in the buffer. The effect of salt and temperature on the sedimentation behavior is compared with that of steroid receptors. The usage of DEAE cellulose column chromatography in purification of the receptor complex is also discussed. PMID- 6679332 TI - A rapid separation of S100 subunits by high performance liquid chromatography: the subunit compositions of S100 proteins. AB - The subunits of S100 protein were dissociated and separated from each other by high performance liquid chromatography on a macroreticular poly-styrene resin, using an acetonitrile-trifluoroacetic acid solvent system. The separation was completed within 80 min in monitoring the effluent at 210 and 280 nm, allowing a rapid and sensitive identification of each S100 protein in terms of subunit composition, and a simultaneous purification of subunits. The method enabled to estimate the subunit compositions of S100a, S100b, and S100a0 protein purified from bovine brain, and revealed a micro-heterogeneity of S100 subunits as applied to the mixtures of S100 protein prepared from bovine, human and rat brain. PMID- 6679333 TI - Lipid composition of low-density lysosomal membrane fraction prepared from atheromatous aorta of cholesterol-fed rabbits. AB - The lipid composition of low-density lysosomal membranes prepared from atheromatous aorta was analyzed. Results showed that the molar ratio of free cholesterol to phospholipids was 2.4, the phospholipids contained 49% sphingomyelin and 4% phosphatidylethanolamine and the phosphatidylcholine contained 22% polyunsaturated fatty acids. These values for the lipid composition are very different from those for normal biological membranes. The involvement of alteration of lysosomal membranes in accumulation of cholesterol ester in atherosclerosis is discussed. PMID- 6679334 TI - Effects of polyene cholesterol-binding antibiotics on the binding and removal of cholesterol from bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P-450SCC: difference in properties of the membrane-bound and membrane-free cytochrome. AB - The polyene cholesterol-binding antibiotics filipin and amphotericin B inhibited the binding of cholesterol to steroid-free, soluble adrenocortical cytochrome P 450SCC. In mitochondria-bound cytochrome P-450SCC, cholesterol was not extracted by filipin, whereas filipin was able to react with cholesterol bound to purified soluble cytochrome P-450SCC. Based on these results we conclude that the cholesterol-binding site of membrane-bound cytochrome P-450SCC is masked by membrane structures. PMID- 6679335 TI - Essential histidine residues of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase from pigeon breast muscle. AB - Modification of histidine residues of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase results in complete inactivation of the enzyme. The kinetic curves for histidine residues modification and for alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase inactivation are biphasic. The rate constants for both processes show a good coincidence at two phases. The complete inactivation of the enzyme is due to modification of one histidine at each step of the reaction. At saturating concentrations of the substrate, alpha ketoglutarate, the inactivating effect of the modifier is lowered; the cofactors, thiamine pyrophosphate and Mg2+, exert no protective effect. PMID- 6679336 TI - Purification and some properties of L-alanine:4,5-dioxovaleric acid transaminase from rat liver mitochondria. AB - L-alanine:4,5-dioxovalerate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.44) has been purified to homogeneity from rat liver mitochondria. Molecular weight of the native enzyme is estimated to be 230,000 +/- 3000 by gel filtration. Under denaturing condition, the dissociated enzyme has a subunit of approximately 41,000 +/- 2000, indicating the enzyme apparently is composed of six identical subunits. The enzyme is heat stable and has optimal activity at pH 6.9. Km values for L-alanine and 4,5 dioxovalerate are 3.3 X 10(-3) M and 2.8 X 10(-4) M respectively. Excess dioxovalerate inhibits the enzyme activity. Pyridoxal phosphate and dithiothreitol also inhibit the enzyme activity. PMID- 6679337 TI - Age-related changes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the subcellular fractions from the rat brain and the effect of dimethylaminoethanol. AB - The activity of pentose phosphate pathway enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) was measured in the cytosol and the particulate fractions (mitochondrial-synaptosomal and microsomal) from the cerebrum and the cerebellum of the rats aged 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The results showed that the two enzymes occurred both in cytosol and particulate fractions. Both the enzymes were higher in the particulate fractions from cerebellum than in the same fractions from cerebrum. In both regions of the brain, particulate fraction enzymes showed an age-related decline in their activity, but the cytosol fraction enzymes remained unchanged in all the age groups. Dimethylaminoethanol, an important molecular constituent of some antiageing drugs, increased the activity of these enzymes in a dose dependent manner only in the particulate fractions. PMID- 6679339 TI - Comparison of heparin-releasable lipase and tissue neutral lipase activity of rat heart. AB - The alkaline, heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity of isolated, perfused rat hearts was compared with the residual neutral lipase (NL) activity detectable in the post nuclear supernatant (PNS) from a tissue homogenate. Both enzyme activities were increased by serum, heparin and apolipoprotein CII, inhibited by high salt concentrations and by immunotitration with an anti-LPL gamma-globulin fraction. Protamine sulphate from saline liver inhibited LPL activity and the NL activity only in the absence of serum. Incubation of the PNS NL under classic conditions of hormonal stimulation (by phosphorylation) did not alter its activity and upon short-term preperfusion of the hearts with norepinephrine and glucagon also unchanged LPL and NL activities were measured. Our experiments are indicative of a possible similarity between vascular LPL and tissue NL and show that the lipase activities are not sensitive towards hormonal stimulation. PMID- 6679338 TI - Separation of two forms of cytochrome P-450 with aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity from intestinal mucosa microsomes of rabbits treated with 3 methylcholanthrene. AB - Two forms of cytochrome P-450, designated P-448a and P-448b, were purified from intestinal mucosa microsomes of rabbits treated with 3-methylcholanthrene. Both the cytochromes had absorption maxima at 448 nm in the carbon monoxide-reduced difference spectra. They exhibited comparable catalytic activities with benzo(a)pyrene, 7-ethoxycoumarin, and 7-ethoxyresorufin, when reconstituted with hepatic NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and phosphatidylserine. P-448a was apparently homogeneous on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and its monomeric molecular weight was estimated to be 58,000. The oxidized form had absorption maxima at 416, 512 and 571 nm, indicative of the low spin state. Thus P-448a appeared to be similar to one form of P-450, which was induced in rabbit liver by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin (TCDD). On the other hand, SDS-PAGE of P-448b gave a single major protein band with a monomeric molecular weight of 55,500, indicating that P-448b can be distinguished from P-448a. PMID- 6679340 TI - Study on the role of SH-groups in the activity of muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase. AB - The kinetics of inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component of the pigeon breast muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the presence of 5,5' dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoate) is biphasic. The rate constants for the fast and slow phases of the inactivation reaction are close to those for modification of two classes of SH-groups differing in their reactivities towards the inhibitor. The reaction order with respect to the inhibitor concentration suggests that the two distinct SH-groups are essential for the enzyme activity. Modification of these SH-groups results in inhibition of the overall activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and of the 2-hydroxyethyl thiamine pyrophosphate - acceptor oxidoreductase activity of its decarboxylating component. Thiamine pyrophosphate exerts a protective effect on the enzyme only at the slow phase of the enzyme inactivation and SH-modification. As a result of interaction between the holoenzyme and pyruvate (or apoenzyme and 2-hydroxyethyl thiamine pyrophosphate) the rate of the enzyme inactivation is increased. This is associated with masking of non-essential SH-groups and with an increase of the accessibility of two essential SH-groups to the inhibitor. The data obtained suggest the interrelationship between the essential SH-groups and the 2-hydroxyethyl thiamine pyrophosphate-acceptor oxidoreductase activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6679341 TI - Effect of scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes venom on metabolism of rat liver mitochondria. AB - The scorpion venom Heterometrus fulvipes was able to uncouple the state-4 respiration of rat liver mitochondria. The venom caused mitochondrial swelling and was found to be inhibitory to mitochondrial succinate and glutamate dehydrogenases. Bovine serum albumin was able to protect against mitochondrial swelling. PMID- 6679342 TI - Haemolytic effect of the scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes venom. AB - The haemolytic effect of the venom from scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes was studied using sheep erythrocytes. While there was no haemolytic effect seen directly by the erythrocytes, erythrocytes sensitized with homologous haemolysin were lysed by the venom. This factor in Heterometrus fulvipes venom having a 'complement like' haemolytic effect was found to be thermolabile and dialysable and sensitive to the action of 2-mercaptoethanol. It was identified as a low molecular weight peptide containing disulphide groups. PMID- 6679344 TI - Reduced levels of peroxisomal enzymes in the kidney of the genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse. Contrast with liver. AB - Kidney post-nuclear supernatants from genetically lean and obese mice were subjected to subcellular fractionation by dual centrifugation through sucrose gradients in B XIV zonal rotors. Considerable purification of peroxisomes was achieved which allowed the demonstration of acyl-CoA beta-oxidation enzymes and carnitine acyltransferases in these organelles. Comparison of kidney peroxisome enriched fractions from obese and lean mice indicated a likely relative depression in beta-oxidation enzymes in the obese animal. Measurement of catalase, acyl-CoA oxidase and carnitine octanoyltransferase in whole homogenate of liver and kidney of obese and lean mice revealed significantly reduced levels (to approximately 2/3) of these peroxisomal enzymes in the kidney of ob/ob mice. In contrast the specific activity of catalase and acyl-CoA oxidase was significantly raised in the liver of obese mice. PMID- 6679343 TI - Localization of carnitine acyltransferases and acyl-CoA beta-oxidation enzymes in small intestinal microperoxisomes (peroxisomes) of normal and clofibrate treated mice. AB - Dietary clofibrate for 21 days induced a rise in the specific activities of crotonase, acyl-CoA oxidase and carnitine acetyltransferase in a crude particulate fraction from mouse small intestinal mucosa. Subcellular fractionation of post-nuclear supernatant prepared from mucosal homogenates of normal and clofibrate treated animals allowed substantial separation of peroxisomes from contaminating organelles. Analysis of fractions demonstrated that intestinal peroxisomes contain acyl-CoA oxidase, crotonase, beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase and carnitine acyltransferase activities. It is concluded that intestinal peroxisomes are equipped to engage in fatty acid oxidation. PMID- 6679345 TI - Presence of three B-type cytochromes in swine cerebral microsomes. AB - In swine cerebral microsomes purified with sucrose density gradient and glycerol cholate gradient centrifugations, it was observed that a new b-type cytochrome which had alpha-peak at 560 nm and Soret peak at 428 nm at 23 degrees C was reduced preferentially by anaerobic NADPH in the presence of cyanide. The b5-type cytochromes were reduced completely by both NADH and NADPH anaerobically. Three b type cytochromes were partially purified into two b-type, spectroscopically distinct from each other, and the new b-type (b560-5) cytochromes. PMID- 6679347 TI - Evidence for a substrate assisted conformational transformation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase exhibits half-site reactivity, the structural origin of which is obscure. Thermal inactivation kinetics, employed here as a probe for site-site heterogeneity in solution, show that green gram glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (in the absence and presence of phosphate and NAD+) loses activity in two distinct phases, each of which accounts for half of the initial activity. In the presence of substrate, glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate the relative amplitude of the slow phase increases, and at 0.06 mM glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate the time-course of inactivation corresponds to a single exponential decay. The data are consistent with a suggestion that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase may exist in two interconvertible conformations of different symmetry characteristics (C2 in equilibrium D2). The lower symmetry conformation (C2) predominates in the apoenzyme and in the presence of phosphate and NAD+. The higher symmetry conformation (D2) is stabilised by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. PMID- 6679346 TI - Direction of carbon flux in starvation and after refeeding: in vitro and in vivo effects of 3-mercaptopicolinate. AB - 3-Mercaptopicolinate (3-MPA) is a specific inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEP CK). In vivo the hypoglycaemic action of 3-MPA in 24 h-starved rats was abolished on intragastric glucose refeeding. Nonetheless, 3-MPA decreased hepatic glycogen content and rate of synthesis in starved animals re fed glucose. The inference is that on re-feeding after starvation hepatic glycogen is synthesised mainly de novo via glyconeogenesis involving PEP CK. 3 MPA increased hepatic lipogenesis in water- and glucose-fed normal and diabetic rats. This increase is presumed to result from inhibition of PEP CK and consequent diversion of pyruvate from gluconeogenesis to lipogenesis. In contrast, 3-MPA inhibited brown-fat lipogenesis in water- and glucose-fed rats. PMID- 6679348 TI - [New results concerning the persistence of residues in medicosurgical materials sterilized by formaldehyde]. PMID- 6679349 TI - Lymphocyte depletion of murine fetal thymus and subsequent chimeric recolonization in vitro. AB - Thymus from 14-day murine fetuses, maintained in organ culture, was depleted of lymphocytes when incubated for 7 days at room temperature (24 degrees C) in a gas mixture of 10% CO2 in air or 10% CO2 in O2. Shorter incubation resulted in sparing of some lymphocytes and/or their precursor populations. Cultures grown in CO2 in air maintained their Ia-positive cell population, as demonstrated in single cell suspensions, while those grown in CO2 and O2 appeared to lose Ia positive cells. When recolonized by fetal liver (FL) the thymuses became fully lymphoid again in organ culture. Depending on the degree of lymphocyte depletion, split chimerism at various levels could be produced, when the FL used was from a strain allogeneic to the thymus. PMID- 6679350 TI - [Category-related verbal fluency in a psychogeriatric practice]. PMID- 6679351 TI - [What does the family think? Results of a survey among visitors to the medical care department of a nursing home]. AB - In order to obtain a fuller understanding of the various ideas behind the evaluation of care as provided by nursing homes, 42 regular and frequent visitors of a nursing home, participated in 'open-attitude' interviews. These people had to a great extent adapted their way of life to their regular visits to the nursing home. These relatives of nursing home residents clearly have one common denominator in their various considerations of such care and that is the strong emphasis which in every aspect was placed upon the extent of individual attention given to the residents. The combined functions fulfilled by the nursing home physician, both as a manager of the nursing home and as a general practitioner for the residents, was more than once a subject for discussion by the relatives. These visitors feel the need for the institution of a 'hostess function' (as the investigators formulate it) on the nursing ward. This function should be used in order to provide particular attention to the residents of the nursing home, and should not be too rigidly tied to the (otherwise necessary) institutional routine. A further participation of relatives in certain aspects of care seems quite attainable. PMID- 6679352 TI - [Fatal fat embolism in the very old]. PMID- 6679353 TI - [Therapy and prognosis of hip fractures in psychogeriatric patients]. AB - In a retrospective study of 198 patients with fractures of the proximal femur from a defined population (i.e. all patients were living in a psychogeriatric nursing home) age, sex, type of fracture, type of treatment, psychiatric diagnosis, survival and mobility after the injury were analysed. We were able to demonstrate a positive association between the female sex and the prevalence of hip fracture. With regard to the type of fracture the occurrence of (per)trochanteric fracture was higher in men than in women; medial dial fractures were more frequent in women. Our findings suggested that in women with senile dementia operative treatment has better results with regard to survival. There was no association between type of operation and survival. PMID- 6679355 TI - The genetics of malathion resistance in Anopheles stephensi from Pakistan. PMID- 6679354 TI - [Concept policy plan nursing homes]. AB - The concept report of the administration of the Section Nursing homes of the National Council of Hospitals: 'A policy plan on nursing homes', is reviewed. The conclusion is that the report overestimates the possibilities of nursing home care. This institution is insufficiently equipped for geriatric diagnosis and therapy, for multidisciplinary screening and for supporting home care. The attention paid to the psychogeriatric patient in the plan is insufficient. Views are expressed on, not by the patients, and too much is expected from bureaucratic arrangements. It is a good starting point for discussion. PMID- 6679356 TI - Isoenzyme characterization of some Trypanozoon stocks from a recent trypanosomiasis epidemic in Uganda. AB - The 1976-82 epidemic of human trypanosomiasis in south-east Uganda affected new foci to the north of the old endemic area bordering lake Victoria, and was associated with a different vector, Glossina fuscipes fuscipes; isoenzyme studies revealed that the epidemic involved different strains of pathogenic trypanosomes also. 58 Trypanozoon isolates from the epidemic area and from the adjoining endemic area of West Central Kenya were compared by thin-layer starch gel electrophoresis for 11 enzymes. Six different trypanosome zymodemes were circulating in man in the Ugandan epidemic, including the zymodeme found before 1976 in the old endemic area; all stocks examined from West Central Kenya belonged to this latter zymodeme. Trypanosomes identical to those found in man were found in cattle and a dog in Uganda, and in cattle in Kenya; these animals were presumably reservoir hosts of the human disease. Four isolates from triturated G. f. fuscipes collected in 1971 were identical but differed from all mammalian isolates examined. PMID- 6679357 TI - Retinol and filarial glycoprotein synthesis. PMID- 6679358 TI - Pathogenic Naegleria: isolation from thermal mud samples in a northern Italian spa. PMID- 6679359 TI - Entamoeba polecki infection in Venezuela. Report of a new case. PMID- 6679360 TI - Shigella: incidence and seasonality in Madrid. PMID- 6679361 TI - Eosinophilic heart disease. PMID- 6679362 TI - The treatment of experimental schistosomiasis with a combination of oxamniquine and praziquantel. AB - The object of the study was to identify any potential therapeutic advantage in using the two antischistosomal drugs, oxamniquine and praziquantel, in combination rather than separately, in the treatment of schistosomiasis. The efficacy of the drugs was studied in albino mice with mature Schistosoma mansoni infections. It was found that the efficacy of combinations of the two drugs was markedly superior to that expected on the basis of a simple additive effect. The significance of this synergistic action is discussed in the context of schistosomiasis therapy in man. PMID- 6679363 TI - Parasitic infections, anaemia and nutritional status: a study of their interrelationships and the effect of prophylaxis and treatment on workers in Kwale District, Kenya. AB - A study was conducted between January and August 1979 on 150 male roadworkers in Kwale District in the coastal lowlands of Kenya. At the baseline examination 59% had hookworm (mean of 227 epg +/- 541), 38% had infections of Schistosoma haematobium (mean 52 +/- 82 ova per 10 ml urine), 23% had a blood film positive for malarial parasites, 47% had anaemia (Hb below 13g/dl), and 31% had a percentage weight for height below 80% of a reference value for healthy men. It was found that anaemia was significantly associated with hookworm infections and egg counts. Three interventions were evaluated. These consisted of providing pyrantel pamoate for hookworm to all men, treating the S. haematobium infections with metrifonate, and giving weekly chloroquine prophylaxis for suppression of malaria to one group of men. A final examination conducted 16 weeks later showed a significant improvement in haemoglobin levels in anaemic men treated for hookworm and in those receiving chloroquine compared with those receiving placebos. Multiple regression analyses revealed that both hookworm and S. haematobium egg counts were associated with anaemia at the baseline examinations, that factors related to the treatment of hookworm and prophylaxis for suppression of malaria were related to haemoglobin increases in anaemic men, and that successful treatment of urinary schistosomiasis was associated with weight gain. The feasibility of the interventions was good and the costs moderately low. PMID- 6679365 TI - Long-term infection of Schistosoma mansoni in a vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). AB - Schistosoma mansoni infection in Cercopithecus species monkeys has been previously monitored for up to five years. This is an account of observations made during an autopsy on a male vervet monkey which had harboured the parasite for 15 years. Viable eggs had been recovered from the faeces throughout the infection, being hatched to observe the emergence of miracidia. Apart from a nodular appearance of the liver capsule, which was noted before the perfusion, and localized haemorrhaging in the large bowel there was comparatively little pathology attributable to the parasite. 86 worms were recovered from the mesenteries by perfusion. The distribution of worm eggs in the tissues was mainly in these two organs, although with the remarkably low incidence of granuloma it is likely that the schistosome infection would have been overlooked in a routine autopsy. It is stressed that these observations have been made on an individual animal, but it is felt that there is real significance with respect to the aetiology of natural transmission. PMID- 6679366 TI - Patterns of illness and the use of health services on a coral atoll--observations in Kiribati (Central Pacific). AB - Attendances over a one-year period at the sole dispensary on a coral atoll (population 2411) have been studied. The patterns of presenting illnesses for those under five years old and those over five years old were studied, and analyses made of usage of the dispensary in relation to distance. Under-5s have disease incidences some four and a half to five and a half times those of over fives, but the apparent detrimental effect of distance is less in the under fives. The skills required in the management of presenting illnesses are analysed in relation to those available--village health worker, trained nurse, doctor--and most were considered manageable by a nurse or village health worker. The latter appeared to be under-utilized and possible reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 6679364 TI - A serological survey of antibodies to Streptomyces somaliensis and Actinomadura madurae in the Sudan enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - Sera from 160 individuals resident in the Gezira, and 40 living in Khartoum, Sudan, were screened for antibodies to Streptomyces somaliensis and Actinomadura madurae using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies were detected in 11.2% of those from the Gezira (6.8% to S. somaliensis, 4.3% to A. madurae, and 0.6% to both) compared to 2.5% of those resident in Khartoum. The ratio of men with antibodies compared to women was about 2:1 in those from Gezira. The results encouraged further epidemiological surveys are mycetoma in Sudan using ELISA. PMID- 6679367 TI - Failure to protect ducklings against malaria by vaccination with histidine-rich protein. PMID- 6679368 TI - Serological evidence of leptospirosis in a human population following an outbreak of the disease in cattle. AB - A serological study of leptospirosis in a human population, mainly children of a village near Madras City in Tamilnadu State, India, was undertaken following an outbreak of the disease in cattle as evidenced by clinical symptoms and serology. 27 (68%) of the 40 animal sera tested were positive for leptospiral antibodies. Though cross reactions were present, higher titres and a greater number of positive reactions were seen against autumnalis antigen. 35 (47%) of the 75 human sera gave positive antibody titres and, of these, 22 showed the presence of antibodies to autumnalis antigen. PMID- 6679369 TI - Collection of platelets depleted of red and white cells with the "surge pump" adaptation of a blood cell separator. AB - The surge pump is a device which modifies platelet collection of a blood cell separator so that red and white blood cell contamination is minimized. Plasma collected from the donor is directed back into the centrifuge bowl at 200 ml per min, where it causes platelets to be floated off the red cell-plasma interface and thus is collected as an almost pure platelet preparation. Fifty plateletapheresis procedures with the surge pump adaptation were compared to 50 procedures using the standard red cell method. Mean (+/- SD) white cell (greater than 95% lymphocytes) contamination was 5.4 +/- 3.1 X 10(8) cells per collection with the surge pump and 63.5 +/- 10 X 10(8) cells per collection with the standard red cell method (p less than 0.0001). Mean collection hematocrit was 8.1 +/- 2.6% with the standard method and less than 1% with the surge pump eliminating the need for crossmatch or centrifugation to remove red cells from ABO incompatible platelets. Surge pump collection produced a mean of 4.0 +/- 1.6 X 10(11) platelets compared to 5.0 +/- 2.0 X 10(11) platelets for the standard method (p less than 0.01). The mean time per run was 14.8 +/- 2.4 min with the surge pump compared with 18.1 +/- 3.3 min with the standard method (p less than 0.001). Therefore, the platelet yield per minute of procedure time was comparable with both methods (surge pump, 37.3 +/- 11.7 X 10(8) platelets per min; standard method, 39.2 +/- 14.3 X 10(8) platelets per min.). Surge pump operation was learned easily by technologists and caused no donor complications. The surge pump is a simple and effective way of minimizing white and red blood cell contamination in platelet collections from the blood cell separator studied without compromising platelets yields. PMID- 6679370 TI - Description and use of the CS-3000 blood cell separator for single-donor platelet collection. PMID- 6679371 TI - Comparison of two continuous-flow cell separators. AB - Two blood processors (IBM 2997 and Fenwal CS-3000) were evaluated under similar conditions. Fifty-four leukapheresis procedures with the 2997 resulted in a mean granulocyte yield of 19.4 X 10(9) (42.5% efficiency), with a mean of 2.1 X 10(11) platelets (10.9% efficiency) per product. The CS 3000, at a whole blood flow rate of 50 ml/min, yielded a mean of 13.3 X 10(9) granulocytes (39.2% efficiency) and 4.0 X 10(11) platelets (28.5% efficiency) during 63 leukapheresis procedures. At a flow rate of 60 ml/min, the mean yields of 20 leukapheresis procedures with the CS 3000 were 14.2 X 10(9) granulocytes (30.5% efficiency) and 4.3 X 10(11) platelets (27.8% efficiency). Thirty-four plateletpheresis procedures with the 2997 yielded a mean of 3.62 X 10(11) platelets (53.12% efficiency), and 2.70 X 10(9) white cells. The mean CS-3000 yield for 88 plateletpheresis procedures was 3.15 X 10(11) platelets (49.13% efficiency) with a mean white cell content of 0.67 X 10(9). Granulocyte yields with the 2997 were greater than those obtained with the CS-3000. PMID- 6679372 TI - Comparative functional analysis of lymphocytes and monocytes from plateletapheresis. AB - Large numbers (2.9 +/- 1.2 X 10(9)) of mononuclear cells can be obtained from incidental samples collected during routine plateletapheresis. We conducted studies comparing characteristics and functions of mononuclear cells derived from venous blood samples and from routine plateletapheresis in the same normal donors. Cell viability was similar in both samples (96 +/- 1% plateletapheresis vs 97 +/- 2% venous blood). Higher concentration of monocytes were observed in the plateletapheresis samples (32.3 +/- 6%) than in the venous blood (14.3 +/- 4%). The procedure of plateletapheresis does not seem to alter lymphocyte or monocyte function. Thus, the functional integrity of these cell populations was demonstrated in terms of natural killer cell activity, blastogenic response to mitogens, local graft-versus-host reactions, monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against human red cells, monocyte-mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity, latex phagocytosis, and monocyte-dependent lymphocyte blastogenesis. We conclude that monocytes and lymphocytes obtained during routine plateletapheresis are functionally intact. PMID- 6679373 TI - Extension of platelet concentrate storage. AB - Extension of the storage time of platelet concentrates in a satellite bag which is part of a new blood bag system was studied by reinfusing autologous 51Cr labeled platelets into normal volunteers, and measuring postinfusion platelet counts and bleeding times in patients requiring platelet transfusions. This satellite bag, made of polyvinylchloride plasticized with a new agent, was found to protect platelet concentrates against fall of pH better than other containers studied. This protection was felt to be due to the greater gas permeability of the new plastic. Mean in vivo recovery and half-life (greater than 31% and 3.3 days, respectively) of autologous reinfused platelets were satisfactory following 5 days of storage. Following 7 days of storage, mean recovery was 41 percent and half-life was 2.8 days. Peripheral platelet count increments in patients following platelet transfusions with concentrates stored 4 to 7 days in the new plastic were comparable to increments following transfusion of platelets stored 2 to 3 days in the other plastics studied. Bleeding times shortened in three of four patients receiving platelet concentrates stored from 4 to 6 days in the new plastic. Platelet concentrates stored in the new bag at 20 to 24 degrees C with flat-bed or elliptical agitation could be transfused for up to 5 days following phlebotomy with acceptable clinical results. The new plastic container is promising for storage of platelet concentrates for up to 7 days. Due to the higher pH of 50-ml platelet concentrates stored in bags made with the new plastic, the concentrates were superior at any storage interval to those stored in bags made of the other plastics studied. PMID- 6679374 TI - Glycerol-glucose cryopreservation of platelets. In vivo and in vitro observations. AB - Extended storage of platelets can be achieved by cryopreservation. However, most cryopreservation techniques require extensive manipulation prior to administration, limiting their practicality. A simple cryopreservative system using glycerol and glucose as cryoprotectants would eliminate the need to wash the platelets after freezing, since neither of these agents is toxic. We evaluated such a system in vivo and compared the results to 72-hour liquid-stored platelets. The percentage of in vivo recovery was significantly less (p less than 0.01) for cryopreserved (21.1 +/- 3.4% [chi +/- 1 SD]) than liquid-stored (43.8 +/- 7.4%) platelets, but those frozen-thawed cells that were viable had normal survivals (8.4 +/- 1.7 days). Liquid-stored cell appeared to be less viable (5.9 +/- 1.8 days). These results indicate that cryopreservation with the glycerol glucose system produces significant injury to the majority of platelets and therefore, is inadequate for general blood bank use. PMID- 6679376 TI - Iron balance in superdonors. AB - Volunteers who are able to donate blood frequently without becoming anemic provide a unique opportunity to observe iron balance under conditions of controlled blood loss. The 88 men and 88 women studied had given a mean of 17 donations (range 10-24) over 4 years. Twenty-seven percent of men and 45 percent of women took iron-containing supplements. In these "superdonors," estimated iron loss averaged 3.8 mg/day in men, 3.4 mg/day in menstruating women and 3.0 mg/day in nonmenstruating women. Dietary iron consumption estimated from the dietary history averaged 17 mg/day for men and 13 mg/day for women; in general, the superdonors consumed a superior diet. Sixty-three percent of the unsupplemented individuals had ferritin values less than 20 micrograms/l. Assuming that stores were constant, these individuals would have to absorb 25 percent of their dietary iron to meet total iron loss. Supplemented men and women taking an average of 24 and 34 mg of additional iron per day, respectively, showed relatively little difference in iron balance from unsupplemented individuals; 58 percent had serum ferritin values of less than 20 micrograms/l, and 28 percent were equal to or less than 12 micrograms/l. The low level of absorption (6-9%) in supplemented individuals suggests that the iron availability of iron-containing preparations ingested may have been poor. PMID- 6679375 TI - Phosphate ion exchange resin used in the liquid preservation of baboon red cells. AB - Baboon whole blood, collected in 14 percent citrate-phosphate-dextrose anticoagulant solution in plastic bags was stored in 100-ml aliquots at 4 degrees C for 28 days in the presence or absence of 0.75 grams of phosphate anion exchange resin. In vitro and in vivo measurements after autologous transfusions were made to determine whether the phosphate anion exchange resin had any beneficial effect on the blood during storage. The in vitro measurements of red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and P50 were higher throughout the 28 days of storage at 4 degrees C in the blood stored in the phosphate anion exchange resin. After autologous transfusions in six baboons of red cells prepared from whole blood stored at 4 degrees C for 21 days, the 24-hour posttransfusion survival values were 86 +/- 6 percent (mean +/- SD) in the presence of resin and 83 +/- 6 percent in the absence of resin. In five other baboons, red cells prepared from 28-day old blood showed a mean 24-hour posttransfusion survival of 82 +/- 4 percent in the presence of resin and 75 +/- 4 percent in the absence of resin. The addition of a phosphate anion exchange resin to the citrate-phosphate-dextrose anticoagulant provided better maintenance of red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations and P50 levels during storage of whole blood at 4 degrees C, and red cells prepared from whole blood stored in this solution had better oxygen transport function than red cells prepared from blood stored without resin. Red cell adenosine triphosphate concentrations and 24-hour posttransfusion survival values were similar whether or not the anticoagulant contained resin. PMID- 6679377 TI - Iron stores assessed in blood donors by hematofluorometry. AB - Body iron stores in blood donors were assessed using front-face fluorometric assays of erythrocyte protoporphyrin/heme ratios. Comparison was made with hemoglobin levels and serum ferritin assays. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin/heme assays provide quick and reliable information about possible underlying iron deficiency in the absence of anemia, particularly in regular blood donors. PMID- 6679378 TI - Is a room-temperature crossmatch necessary for the detection of ABO errors? AB - The detection of anti-A and anti-B isohemagglutinins by low-ionic-strength saline tests at 37 degrees C and by the indirect antiglobulin technique, without an "immediate'spin" or room-temperature phase, has been studied. Using such a procedure, all but one of 2746 patient blood samples reacted in accordance with ABO type when tested against A2 and B red cells. However, the discrepant sample also was nonreactive when tested by "immediate-spin" technique against saline suspended A2 red cells. Our findings indicate that compatibility tests performed at 37 degrees C in low-ionic-strength saline are as sensitive as "immediate-spin" tests with saline-suspended red cells for the detection of ABO errors. Performing serologic tests for unexpected alloantibodies and donor-recipient compatibility without an "immediate-spin" or room-temperature phase abbreviates pretransfusion testing and reduces the detection of clinically insignificant alloantibodies solely reactive at room temperature. PMID- 6679381 TI - Standardization of blood product preparation by means of a "centrifugation index". AB - A centrifugation index for blood product preparation is proposed. This index, calculated from the domain of ultracentrifugation, is most applicable to describe the effects of centrifugation of large volumes than the relative centrifugal force and centrifugation time commonly used. The value of such an index is illustrated by the calculation of the minimum centrifugation time required for the preparation of platelet-poor plasma with seven different centrifuges. PMID- 6679379 TI - White cell related red cell antibodies. AB - Occasional sera react weakly with a few red cells in the antiglobulin phase but without a recognizable pattern. We sought to identify the nature of such antibodies in 27 samples referred to our HLA laboratory for lymphocytotoxin testing. All samples were tested against a panel of 15 red cells by a capillary tube antiglobulin technique developed to conserve sera. This technique correlates well with tube antiglobulin tests, and can be performed with either fresh or thawed red cells. Of 27 sera, 14 contained anti-HLA B7, B17, or A28, since they reacted only with red cells from donors whose lymphocytes were B7, B17, or A28. Eight further sera probably contained anti-B7, -B17, or -A28, but reacted with one or two additional red cells. Two samples agglutinated all panel red cells so the presence of anti-B7, B17, or A28 could not be determined. In three additional sera, lymphocytotoxin testing suggested that specificity other than anti-B7, B17, or A28 was present. Of 27 sera containing weak unidentified red cell antibodies, 22 (81%) contain definite or probable anti-B7, -B17, or -A28. The identity of these troublesome antibodies can be determined by maintaining red cell panels of donors whose HLA phenotypes are known. PMID- 6679380 TI - Identification and quantitation of the protein content of blood group antibody eluates prepared by the rapid acid-stromal method. Use in committed erythroid progenitor cell assays. AB - Anti-D sensitized red cells were converted to stroma, either by digitonin or hypotonic lysis, and eluates prepared by the modified rapid acid-stromal method. SDS-PAGE and both rocket- and crossed-immunoelectrophoresis showed that, of the total protein content of the eluates, 11 to 25 percent was IgG, 18 to 45 percent was globin, and 34 to 71 percent was red cell membrane protein. Eluates were free of albumin, transferrin, and other non-IgG serum proteins; they did not contain proteolytic activity, and eluates were noninhibitory to the growth of committed erythroid progenitors. The rapid acid-stromal method produced high-titered blood group antibody eluates free of contaminating immune or nonimmune activity which were suitable for assay of blood group antigen expression by hemopoietic stem cells and committed progenitors. PMID- 6679383 TI - Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Lan. PMID- 6679382 TI - A Japanese family with two Kp (a-b-c+) members, presumed genotype Kpc/Ko. PMID- 6679384 TI - In vivo survival of K:18 red cells in a recipient with anti-K18. AB - Red cell survival, IgG subclass, and mononuclear phagocyte assay studies were performed on a patient with an anti-K + K18 described previously. The 51Cr survival study with Kell negative K:18 red cells showed 76.6 percent survival at 75 minutes with 30.7 percent survival at 24 hours. The anti-K18 was characterized as IgG4 + IgG1. The mononuclear phagocyte assay was 16 percent when the serum was tested with K:18 cells. Among 54,450 ABO compatible donor units tested with this serum, no K:18- unit was found. These studies were undertaken to evaluate the clinical significance of the antibody when red cell support for a chemotherapy course was considered. Our data suggest that transfusion with K:18+ blood would be ineffective and could be used only to provide red cell support in an emergency should compatible units be unavailable. PMID- 6679385 TI - Inconsistent leukocyte removal by IBM 2991 blood cell processor. AB - Studies done in the 1970's have documented the efficiency of leukocyte removal by saline washing using the IBM 2991 Blood Cell Processor. In June 1982, an evaluation of 52 consecutive units washed using the IBM 2991 yielded results for leukocyte removal that varied considerably from the results determined by previous published studies. Evidence from our institution and others within the last year supports a recent alteration in the ability of the IBM 2991 to remove leukocytes. Since the machine has not changed considerably since previous successful studies, alterations in the product being washed need to be considered as a cause of the inconsistency in leukocyte removal by the IBM 2991. Until consistent leukocyte-removal can be achieved, individual blood banks should carefully scrutinize their washed units and be prepared for possible leukocyte associated reactions. PMID- 6679386 TI - The effect of obstruction of bag surface on platelet concentrate pH. AB - Platelet concentrates stored in bags (made of a plastic film incorporating a new plasticizer) on flat-bed agitators for up to 5 days were found to have accelerated pH decline when the surface of the bag was obstructed with added labels and an invoice on the non-labeled side. Without the over-labeling and invoice, only one of 20 concentrates had a pH below 6.0, even at very high concentrations of platelets. Blood banks experiencing problems with pH decline in the platelet concentrates being stored up to 5 days should consider eliminating surface obstruction on the bag. PMID- 6679387 TI - A summary of the results of screening for HLA antibodies for one year. AB - In one year, 748 serum specimens from obstetric patients were screened for HLA antibodies. Of the 284 showing antibody activity, 179 were nonspecific and 68 were multispecific. Thirty-seven (5%) were found to be monospecific, representing 11 specificities, of which the most common were anti-B7, -B8, -A2, and -B12. Recovery of antisera for reagent use was financially feasible. PMID- 6679388 TI - Reaction of peanut lectin with 'pure' Tk-cryptantigen. PMID- 6679390 TI - Distribution of U antigen among West Indians. PMID- 6679391 TI - Anti-U and hemolytic disease of the newborn. PMID- 6679389 TI - Short-term effects of plasma exchange on coagulation factors in a sclerodermic patient. PMID- 6679392 TI - IgG anti-Lea in cord serum. PMID- 6679393 TI - Inactivation of Kell blood group antigens by 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide. PMID- 6679394 TI - Traditional birth attendants. PMID- 6679395 TI - Community participation in primary health care. PMID- 6679396 TI - Epidemic dropsy with unusual features. PMID- 6679397 TI - Postpneumonic pleural suppuration in children. AB - Postpneumonic pleural suppuration is a common condition seen in paediatric practice in Nigeria. One hundred and twenty cases seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, over a 4-year period were reviewed. The patients were aged between 1 1/2 months and 16 years. History of antecedent measles was elicited in 27 of the children, and 70% of the patients presented to the hospital later than 7 days after the onset of symptoms of pleura suppuration. From the pleural aspirates of 106 cases (88.3%) Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in 31.2%, but there were no organisms cultured in 39.4%. Twenty-nine children were treated by chemotherapy only; 11 of them (37.9%) died. Sixty-eight cases had tube drainage of the pleural collections, with 6 deaths (8.8%). Twenty three patients had thoracotomy, evacuation of the suppurative lesion and decortication of the lung, with no mortality. There was overall hospital mortality of 14.2%, the highest mortality being in children who had associated measles, gastroenteritis, anaemia or malnutrition. Early surgical drainage by tube thoracostomy or by thoracotomy and decortication in addition to appropriate and adequate antibiotic therapy is the treatment of choice. PMID- 6679399 TI - Infant resuscitation at low cost. PMID- 6679398 TI - Tetanus complicating elective surgery. Two cases following female sterilization. AB - Two cases of fatal tetanus infection after female sterilization are presented. The possible sources of infection are discussed and the methods for prevention are evaluated. Active immunization before surgery is the ideal method; voluntary sterilization clinics could promote tetanus immunization and contribute to the improvement of the health of the population served. PMID- 6679400 TI - Knowledge about tetanus among selected women in the urban centre of Ile-Ife, Nigeria. PMID- 6679401 TI - Cryogenic therapy in tropical limboconjunctivitis. AB - Twenty-four children and adolescents (48 eyes) showing signs of tropical (vernal) limboconjunctivitis were treated by cryotherapy. Cryoapplications were performed around the corneal limbus using temperatures of -35 to -40 degrees C. Definite improvement, with disappearance of pathological changes, was attained in four fifths of the cases. In the majority of children no relapses of inflammation were noted up to one year later. PMID- 6679402 TI - Urban leprosy control. PMID- 6679405 TI - Aids to survival for a rural African hospital. PMID- 6679404 TI - Outbreak of diarrhoea associated with flagellates in stool at University of Juba clinic. PMID- 6679403 TI - Traditional midwives, tetanus immunization, and infant mortality in rural Haiti. PMID- 6679406 TI - Measles vaccines by aerosol: eradication this century? PMID- 6679407 TI - Sun's warmth may keep vaccines cool. PMID- 6679408 TI - Management of 200 diphtheria cases in Afghanistan. PMID- 6679409 TI - [Structural characteristics of the "dark" cells of animal and human brains]. AB - An analysis of contradictory data from literature and the authors' observations (light- and electron-microscopic examination of various pathological and experimental material) permits confirming the validity of the conclusion that "dark" cells of the animal and human nervous tissue represent in most cases elements arising during development and are functionally dependent. PMID- 6679410 TI - [Problems of medical genetics in the Ukraine]. AB - Scientific trends are analyzed in the field of medical genetics in the Ukraine for a twenty-year period. Prospects of further development are outlined for six main problems concerning development and ageing, genetics of endocrine disturbances, immune genetics, oncogenetics, effect of mutagenic and teratogenic factors on man and elaboration of preventive measures against various harmful effects. PMID- 6679412 TI - [Balanced translocation t(2;8)(q37;p11) in women with habitual abortions]. PMID- 6679411 TI - [Change in the cell cycle in a population of Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells as affected by an antiblastoma preparation]. AB - A single treatment of a population of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells with preparation No. 3 at a dose of 120 mg/kg decreases the proliferative pool, inhibits the mitotic activity, (blocking G2-M) and disturbs the mitotic process. The duration of the cell cycle increases 2.7 times, tM increases 9.7 times, tG1 24.1 times, ts increases 1.9 times and tG2-2.9 times. The mitotic rate decreases 20 times and remains slowed-down 10 times after 120 hours. Intensity of DNA synthesis returns to normal after 48 hours and the value of the mitotic index- after 72 hours. PMID- 6679413 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the chromonema and chromomeres in mitotic and interphase chromosomes]. AB - Study of ultrathin sections of the Chinese hamster normal cells and cells treated with solutions containing decreasing concentrations of Ca++ and Mg++ ions revealed several discrete levels of DNP-fibres organization in mitotic and interphase chromosomes. In total Ca++ and Mg++ concentrations from 4 mM to 0.3 mM, the chromosomes are formed by filamentous elements or chromonema of 100-nm diameter. During gradual decrease of Ca++ concentration to 0.2-0.1 mM the chromosomes decondensate into discrete chromatin structures--chromomeres. In decondensation, the chromomeres acquire a "rosette-like" structure with an electron dense core and DNP-fibers radiating from it. Levels of DNP compactization in chromosomes are supposed to be as follows: the nucleosomal fibres of 10-nm diameter, nucleomeric fibres of 25-nm diameter and chromonema, i.e. a filamentous structure of 100-nm diameter consisting of chromomeres. PMID- 6679414 TI - [Development of the nucleolus in the process of the nuclear reactivation of pigeon erythrocytes and reticulocytes in heterokaryons with the cells of a Chinese hamster fibroblast culture]. PMID- 6679416 TI - [Correlation of the rhythms of protein synthesis and secretion in a hepatocyte monolayer culture]. AB - In primary monolayer culture of hepatocytes, circahoralian rhythms of protein synthesis and secretion were discovered. In one of the hepatocyte populations the rhythmic cycle of protein secretion was found to be about twice as long as that of protein synthesis. Combination of different experimental variants such as the impulse and the long-term labelling of proteins or inhibition of protein synthesis, revealed that the secretion rhythms were predetermined by the secretion of both newly formed proteins and those stored in the cell for a long time. Upon the inhibition of protein synthesis with cyclohexeimide, the protein secretion in the monolayer changes its rhythmic pattern for a constant rate secretion. Possible causes of the alteration of circahoralian variations of protein synthesis are discussed. PMID- 6679415 TI - [Characteristics of the pathways of erythroid cell differentiation in birds in anemia]. AB - A comparative study has been made of erythroid cell development pathways in the peripheral blood of pigeons during severe, moderate and weak forms of anaemia. Three modes of erythrocyte formation from bone marrow precursor are described: 1. A reserve erythropoiesis--the principal process during severe anaemia; the bone marrow precursors are basophylic erythroblasts which are reversibly blocked in phase G2 of the cell cycle; in results the rapid, increase of erythrocyte population above the normal level, although the cells have 25-30 per cent deficiency in haemoglobin content. 2) A mode of erythropoiesis, whose precursors are proliferating polychromatophylic erythroblasts; this is the principal mode of erythropoiesis at the moderate anaemia, leading to restoration of the normal quantity of erythrocytes with a normal haemoglobin content. 3) A mode of erythropoiesis with proliferating orthochromatic erythroblasts being precursors (which do not divide normally); this is the principal mode during the weak anaemia to result in a slow restoration of the number of erythrocytes with an excess in haemoglobin content. It is shown that regulation of the restoration processes during anaemia are characterized by a specific combination of cell proliferation and differentiation. PMID- 6679417 TI - [Relation of double-stranded DNA breaks and their repair to cell death and recovery after methylnitrosourea exposure]. AB - The yield of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in the cells of mouse lymphosarcoma treated with nitrosomethylurea (NMU) was registered by means of elastoviscosimetry. It was shown that after short-term (7 min) treatment with NMU the lesions formed in DNA are efficiently repaired both in complete and conditioned media. After long-term (30 min) treatment DNA was only repaired in complete growth medium. The yield of the first fixed DSB after long-term NMU treatment correlated with the mean lethal dose D0. After short-term NMU treatment the first DSBs are registered in the dose range which is 4-fold higher than D0. The nature of lethal and potentially lethal lesions as well as the participation of various repair systems in the elimination of potentially lethal lesions are discussed. PMID- 6679418 TI - [Changes in the proteins of the nuclear RNP particles of the rat liver stimulated by hydrocortisone]. AB - A difference in the ratio of the two main components of information of the nuclear RNP-particles isolated from the liver of normal and cortisone-stimulated rats was found. Under the action of cortisone, the amount of high molecular component increased. An increase in the content of the low molecular proteins typical for poly A-containing RNP-particles was also observed after cortisone administration. PMID- 6679420 TI - [Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol on the individual periods of the mitotic cycle]. AB - Dynamics of the mitotic cycle of the KEPV cells being on different interphase stages at the start of a 20 hour 2-mercaptoethanol (0.001 M) treatment has been studied during the treatment and for 11 hours after washing out the agent. The KEPV cells affected by mercaptoethanol during the interphase (G1, S, G2) were shown to continue their passage through the cycle to enter mitosis, but part of the cells of the S period and of the first half of the G2 period were arrested in the interphase. In the presence of mercaptoethanol, mitotic cells reach the metaphase stage, and their further behaviour depends on the duration of the treatment. For the first 8 hours of treatment, a phase of "unstable block" exists for cells that were in S and G2 periods at the beginning of treatment, while other cells are transformed into K-metaphases. 8 hours later a phase of "stable block" occurs and all the normal metaphases are transformed into K-metaphases. After washing out the culture from mercaptoethanol the cells are ejected from the block in K-metaphase. The transformation from K-metaphase into the normal metaphase is realised in the course of this process. The cells which were in S and G2 periods at the beginning of the treatment are ejected from the block simultaneously after washing, while the cells of the G1 period--with a small delay. After washing out mercaptoethanol the cells that were in the interphase (G1, S, G2) at the beginning of the treatment are capable of producing both multipolar mitoses and mitoses without cytotomy. PMID- 6679419 TI - [Comparative study of K+-dependent swelling of normal and tumorous cells]. PMID- 6679421 TI - [Measurement of the absolute cell count in the heart and liver. The quantitative preservation of proteins and DNA in isolated cells]. AB - Some improvement has been made of the Belov et al. (1975) method of alkaline dissociation of tissues. No cell loss occurs during cell suspension preparation or other procedures. The improved method was shown to be suited for determination of absolute numbers of cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Comparison of the living and dissociated hepatocytes revealed preservation of the total cell dry weight and DNA content (classes of ploidy) in the cells treated with formol and concentrated alkali. The method is recommended for studying the cell number, weight, ploidy and mitoses, and for DNA autoradiography. PMID- 6679422 TI - [Number and mass of the myocytes of the mouse heart]. AB - The mean number of cardiomyocytes is constant in the heart ventricles of 1, 1.5 2, 3-4, 5-6 and 12-month old mice. However, differences in the myocyte number among mice of the same age and with similar heart weight may reach 30%. There are only small differences in the mean ploidy among these mice. The mean protein content in the myocytes correlates to the ventricle weight. In some mice, however, no correlation was observed between the myocyte and ventricle weights, or between the calculated dry and wet weights of myocytes. PMID- 6679423 TI - [Ribosome number of the satellite glia and neuroglial relationship in the cerebral cortex of the cat in the wakefulness-sleep cycle]. AB - The ultrastructural analysis of satellite glia cells and adjacent large pyramidal neurons of parietal cortex of the cat showed regular changes in the amount of ribosomes in various phases of the wakefulness-sleep cycle. These changes have a reciprocal character in glia and neurons. During the slow wave phase of sleep (SWS) in comparison with wakefulness (W) the amount of glial ribosomes in a unit of electronogram area increased, while in neurons it decreased. In the paradoxal phase of sleep (PS), the number of ribosomes in glia, compared with SWS, decreased, but in neurons at the same time it increased. Variations in the amount of ribosomes of glial cell cytoplasm are most prominent in the zone of contact with the neuron. The obtained data suggest a link in protein metabolism of neurons and glia, and the changes in neuroglial relationship during sleep development. PMID- 6679424 TI - [Morphological studies of the neurons of the area of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus in rats in diffusion chambers]. AB - A method of diffusion chambers was used for hypothalamic tissue culturing. Chambers containing fragments from the supraoptic nucleus region of young rats donors were implanted to rats-recipients. The processes of cell differentiation and interneuron interactions were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological peculiarities of the main neuron types of the culture investigated suggest that the large differentiated multi- and bipolar neurons are the neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus. In the culture investigated small multipolar neurons of this nucleus and perinuclear areas were also present. The results give the possibility to consider the method of diffusion chambers as a promising one for the investigation of neurosecretory hypothalamic regions. PMID- 6679425 TI - [Degree of cell spreading on a substrate as the factor determining the nature of cell microrelief in suspension]. AB - Quantitative ratio of various types of cell surface microrelief was determined in suspensions prepared from mouse monolayer cultures of embryo fibroblasts grown on different solid substrates: with high (Falcon) or low poly(2 hydroxyethylmethacrylate) adhesiveness; with flat or cylindrical (53-mu curvature radius) surfaces (polyvinylchloride). The electron microscopy revealed that poorly spread cells (on low adhesive or cylindrical substrata) in suspensions had the microvillous surface relief much more often than the cells brought to suspension from highly adhesive or flat substrata. Thus, the lower the degree of cell spreading on the substratum, the higher the probability for the cell to acquire the microvillous relief in suspended state. The microvillous relief of transformed cells in suspensions is, probably, due to their poor spreading on substrata in the monolayer cultures. PMID- 6679426 TI - [Clinical and kinetic characteristics of a temporarily nonproliferating subpopulation of bone marrow blast cells from acute leukemia patients (based on data on DNA autoradiography and cytophotometry]. AB - The morphology of Paramecium bursaria cells, both originally possessing 2 micronuclei (MI), or one MI, has been studied after a local UV irradiation of the germ nuclei. Elimination of one of the MI in bimicronuclear cells usually did not lead to general cytological damage in the UV progeny. Irradiation of MI in the unimicronuclear cells resulted in the following: producing of amicronuclear (MI-) UV subclones, 86% of which appeared to be non-viable. The MI- cells are characterized by the appearance of somatic deciliation and the loss of mobility, disorganization structures of the oral apparatus, the feeding process and the cell division. It is remarkable that the macronucleus (MA) of cells from those cultures displays fragmentation and aberrant division. The structure of MA was changed. Dimensions of the MI- ciliates decreased (by 1.7--1.8 times in average); sometimes these cells had 3--5 contractile vacuoles with one pore. These data suggest that the MI has important role during the vegetative phase of the cell life. Possible asexual cellular functions of the MI and the role of the break of nuclear interactions in the appearance of the morphological damage are discussed. PMID- 6679427 TI - [Ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of rats undergoing hypothermia]. AB - It has been found that the cooling of rats up to +28 degrees and +20 degrees C induced considerable ultrastructural alterations of the plasma membrane, nucleus, acrosome and mitochondria of ejaculated spermatozoa. The data obtained show a correlation between the level of the artificial hypothermia and the number of changed cells. The higher percentage of pathological spermatozoa was revealed in the ejaculate of cooled rats without narcosis. A possibility of the secondary ultrastructural alterations of spermatozoa in the posthypothermal period is discussed. PMID- 6679428 TI - [Cell multiplication in a culture of hippocampal explants]. PMID- 6679429 TI - [Prolonged luminescence of HeLa cells in deep hypoxia]. AB - The technique of registering the afterglow of cells is described. Data are presented on spectral-luminescent characteristics of HeLa cells at room temperature under conditions of deep hypoxia, the residual pressure of oxygen in the medium being under 1 mmHg. The afterglow in the visible part of spectrum is shown to be due to protein tryptophanils with phosphorescence peaks at 415, 445, and 470 nm; metalloporphyrins with delayed fluorescence peaks at 595 and 640 nm, as well as by other cellular components with peaks at about 500 and 540 nm. The latter components are supposed to be NAD, NADH and flavins. The passage of air through the suspension of cells eliminating hypoxia results in practically a complete extinction of the afterglow of cells. PMID- 6679430 TI - The evaluation of fibrinogen behavior in Hodgkin's disease: correlation with clinical stage. AB - Forty-four patients (9 stage II, 15 sage III, 7 stage IV, and 13 in complete remission) with Hodgkin's disease without any clinical coagulation disorder were studied. Fibrinogen behavior was evaluated by measuring fibrinogen level and using 1251-fibrinogen, the half-life, survival and fibrinogen turnover. Platelet count and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDP) were also assayed. The fibrinogen half-life, survival and turnover were significantly longer and faster, than those found in 10 healthy subjects, in stage II, III and IV subjects (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.001, p less than 0.05 for stage II; p less than 0.001, p less than 0.001, p less than 0.001 for stage III; p less than 0.005, p less than 0.005, p less than 0.001 for stage IV, respectively). In most cases, FDP values were within the normal range, although they were significantly higher than those of control group in stages III and IV. Intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis were not found in the 13 patients with complete remission. In these patients, the behavior of fibrinogen was normal, suggesting that the parameters studied are related to the presence of the tumor, and can be useful in monitoring the state of remission. PMID- 6679431 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of Waldeyer's ring. AB - From 1970 to 1980, 171 consecutive cases with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) of Waldeyer's ring were admitted to this Institute. The cases were reviewed to evaluate whether involvement of Waldeyer's ring might represent a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Adequate pathologic staging was performed in 86% of cases. All slides were reviewed, and the histologic diagnosis given according to the Rappaport classification, the Kiel classification, and the recent Working Formulation of NHL for Clinical Usage. Waldeyer's ring alone was involved in 12.3% of the cases at presentation; regional nodes were positive in one-third (35.7%), and distant involvement was detected in half of the patients (52%). The tonsils represented the most frequent site of involvement by NHL within Waldeyer's ring. Treatments employed were heterogeneous, but most of the patients with stage I-II received radiotherapy alone. The present series shows that the association of involvement of Waldeyer's ring and the stomach by NHL occurs in less than 10% of the cases. Treatment results and patterns of recurrence fail to differentiate NHL involving Waldeyer's ring from those of other sites. Prognosis remains related to the classical variables and is independent of the site of onset. PMID- 6679433 TI - Clinical relevance of bone marrow biopsy in staging and follow-up of breast cancer. AB - Bone marrow biopsies by Jamshidi needle were performed in 106 breast cancer female patients. Sixty-four of them were in follow-up after mastectomy, and neoplastic involvement of marrow was found in 21 patients (32.8%). Among the 42 women undergoing staging before mastectomy, the incidence of marrow involvement was 11.9% (5 women, all with radiographic positivity). Of the 37 women, either in follow-up or in the staging phase, with bone metastases detected by roentgenographic and isotopic examination, the bone biopsy was positive in 23 (62.1%), and 7 histologically had micrometastases. Three women, without any radiographic or isotopic sign of metastases, had positive biopsies. A good correlation was found between the hydroxyproline:creatinine ratio and neoplastic involvement of bone marrow. PMID- 6679432 TI - Accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis by physical, radiologic and cytologic combined examinations. AB - Physical examination, mammography and fine-needle aspiration cytology were performed in 1498 consecutive cases with a solitary solid lump of the female breast. The intent was to verify the validity of this diagnostic triplet in the accuracy of the preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer. Clinically sure cancers were excluded from the study. The collected data were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity and predictivity of any procedure alone or in combination. In 1138 cases confirmed by histology (514 carcinomas and 669 benign or non-neoplastic lesions), the physical examination and mammography were very sensitive (respectively 96% and 84%) but with a high rate of false-positive reports (respectively 20% and 18%). The cytologic diagnosis was less sensitive (65%), mostly due to many inadequate smears, but highly specific (93%) and predictive for malignancy (99%) when the cytologic report was frankly positive. Any single procedure improved the overall sensitivity, and taken together this triplet appears to be the most effective noninvasive diagnostic combination that provides in a short time with minimal cost and discomfort, a diagnosis of certain malignancy in about 50% of carcinomas with a predictivity close to 100%, when cytology detected malignancy. PMID- 6679434 TI - The role of chest X-ray in the follow-up of primary breast cancer. AB - The results of chest X-ray (CXR) survey in the follow-up of 1697 breast cancer patients are reviewed. Intrathoracic metastases (ITM) accounted for 26% of total first recurrences, but the rate dropped to 13% if isolated ITM and to 7% if asymptomatic isolated ITM were considered. Thus the role of CXR survey was limited to the detection of 39 cases of isolated ITM in the asympatomatic phase out of 7100 patients-year for a total number of 11,543 CXR examinations. Moreover, no difference in mean survival was observed if symptomatic and asymptomatic ITM were considered and survival was calculated from the time of first treatment. A small gain of 3 months, not statistically significant, of mean life from metastases diagnosis was recorded for asymptomatic cases, which is probably entirely due to the lead time effect of anticipated diagnosis. CXR survey in breast cancer follow-up may add to the knowledge of the natural history of the disease, but it appears worthless for other purposes. Thus the high costs related to CXR survey may be unacceptable, and a randomized study on the role of CXR is suggested and justified. PMID- 6679435 TI - Empiric therapy of infections in hematologic malignancies: a prospective, randomized trial. AB - Patients with hematologic malignancies were randomly assigned to receive cefuroxime (group A) or tobramycin plus ampicillin (Group B) during 86 febrile episodes. In both regimens carbenicillin was added during neutropenia (71% of all episodes: groups C and D). The most common type of infection was pneumonia (48% alone; 72% with other sites involved), which accounted for a high fatality rate (15%); the highest rate occurred during septicemia with pneumonia (50%). The overall response rate to initial therapy was 63% without significant differences among the four regimens. The worst prognosis was observed in neutropenic patients without granulocyte recovery. When initial and cross-over trials were combined, there were favorable outcomes in 90% of all cases. Cefuroxime alone seems to be as effective as tobramycin plus ampicillin in the treatment of infections in hematologic malignancies. No side effects could be attributed to the cefuroxime containing regimens. PMID- 6679436 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in malignant obstructive jaundice. AB - Results obtained in 70 patients with neoplastic (primary or metastatic) biliary obstruction and submitted to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage indicate the effectiveness of the technique in relieving jaundice, improving general conditions and restoring liver function. In 25.4% of cases, the drainage allowed the patients to undergo surgical treatment of the neoplasm. In 74.6%, the drainage was left in place as definitive palliation. The complication rate was very low and similar to that described in the literature. At this time it is difficult to identify prognostic factors and foresee the results of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, but the procedure is always indicated in patients at high operative risk or inoperable. PMID- 6679437 TI - Morphologic study of carcinoid-like tumors and their relation to true carcinoids, using tumors of the breast as a model. AB - Two cases of an unusual type of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast are presented. Both cases demonstrated a carcinoid-like pattern and were indistinguishable from carcinoid tumors of the breast by light microscopy. However, Grimelius stains and electron microscopic evaluation showed no evidence of membrane bound secretory granules. In regard to the prognostic significance and proper classification of carcinoids of the breast, awareness of carcinoid like morphologic variants of infiltrating ductal or lobular carcinoma is important. It is also apparent that there is a spectrum of tumors which demonstrate some properties of true carcinoids, however, only the true carcinoids show a better prognosis and it serves no useful purpose to separate the rest of these tumors. The diagnosis of carcinoid tumors requires demonstration of secretory granules on electron microscopic examination or in special stains; conventional light microscopic studies alone are insufficient for this diagnosis. All these principles may be applied to carcinoid like tumors of other sites. PMID- 6679438 TI - Relationship between erythrocyte hexokinase in cancer patients and red cell age. AB - A study of hexokinase isozymic pattern and age dependence of the enzyme was carried out on erythrocytes of 4 patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. On the basis of our results, we think that the increase in hexokinase activity previously reported and the increase in both subtypes (Ia and Ib) of the enzyme herein described are not due to a mean younger red cell population caused by secondary anemia, which is frequently present in cancer patients. PMID- 6679439 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in human cerebral tumors. An immunohistochemical study. AB - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was studied in 160 cerebral tumors, mostly of neuro-epithelial nature. It was positive in astroglial tumors with an intensity proportional to the degree of cell differentiation. It was sometimes positive also in non-astroglial tumors, such as oligodendrogliomas and ependymomas, and this finding is discussed in relation to genesis and diagnostic value. In medulloblastomas, there were also positive cells, which could be reactive glia cells included in the tumors or subependymal cells. The demonstration of GFAP is very useful in gliosarcomas for identifying the glial component. It was sometimes positive in hemangioblastomas, and it is discussed in view of the nature of the stromal cells of this tumor. PMID- 6679440 TI - Antibodies to intermediate filaments and tumor diagnosis. PMID- 6679441 TI - Intracellular collagen in hepatocytes. PMID- 6679442 TI - Zipper-like structures and centrioles in hepatocytes. PMID- 6679443 TI - [Effect of orally applied formaldehyde on the embryogenesis and enzyme activity of subcellular structures in pregnant rats]. PMID- 6679444 TI - [Sterile packing materials for formaldehyde sterilization]. AB - Apart from the already widely applied sterilization by ethylene oxide, the sterilization by gaseous formaldehyde is another reliable procedure for the sterilization of thermolabile instruments. An essential advantage of the sterilization by gaseous formaldehyde over the so-called wet sterilization is that it can be performed in a recontamination-proof sterile packing. Packing materials produced in the GDR, the germ-tightness and toxicological safety of which were already known, were tested to evaluate their suitability for sterilization by gaseous formaldehyde. An appropriate packing variant was found and tested for microbiological reliability. PMID- 6679445 TI - [Geroprotective effect of adaptogens on the house fly imago]. PMID- 6679446 TI - [Heart failure and acute myocardial infarct. Current treatment]. PMID- 6679447 TI - [Infrahepatic bile duct proliferation in the gestating rat treated with 4,4' diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4DDPM)]. AB - We have attempted to produce experimentally the histological hepatic lesions observed in the case of biliary infant atresia. Though the etiopathogeny of this disease remains uncertain, the possibility of a toxic origin for the liver was evoked. Female rats were treated per os from the 10th to the 20th day of gestation with 44' DDPM, a molecule able to provoke an intra-hepatic biliary ductular proliferation. If we always observed hepatic lesions in pregnant rats sacrificed 24 hours before delivery, in some cases we also noticed the existence of macro- and microscopic hepatic lesions in the foetus. With a dose superior to LD 50, we have sometimes observed neural tube defects without hepatic lesions. PMID- 6679448 TI - [Contribution to the study of the origin of the phrenic nerve (nervus phrenicus). Apropos of 100 dissections of the cervical plexus]. AB - After recalling the descriptions of classical authors, 100 dissections conducted to the study of the origin of the phrenic nerve (nervus phrenicus). It appears as variable and asymetrical. The presence of an accessory phrenic nerve has been rarely seen. The classical proximal anastomoses of this nerve are inconstant or rare. PMID- 6679450 TI - [Comparative anatomy of the mandible. Functional aspects]. AB - The structural morphology of the mandibula is presented and correlated to various types of mastication in several Mammalian species. The latter include: Carnivores (Dog, Cat, Cheetah, Lion); Omnivores (Man, Chimpanzee, Hog); Herbivores (Horse, Ox, Goat, Camel, Rabbit). While the mandibula is studied as a composite unit, a more analytical, segmental approach has been included, and both are illustrated by X-rays. The aspects presented underline the distribution as well as the local modifications of compact bone, and in addition, the arrangement and the development of spongy bone trabeculae. A preliminary classification with respect to structural elements has been suggested from two viewpoints: that of tension, the other of compression. Are also presented those variations linked to diet and alimentary intake, as well as their functional correlates. PMID- 6679449 TI - [X-ray anatomy of the recto-genital pouch in the child]. AB - Peritoneography is a simple radio-anatomic method to get informations about the depth and the orientation of the Douglas pouch in children in relation to fixed bony landmarks in the pelvis (upper part of the pubic bone-lowest sacral segment). Measurements were recorded on patients ranging from 15 days-old to 15 years-old. The older the patient, the deeper and the more posterior seemed to be the Douglas pouch. PMID- 6679451 TI - [Anatomical basis for a posterior surgical approach to the pancreas by means of right and left lumbotomies]. PMID- 6679452 TI - [Cinematic study of the cervical spine during flexion-extension movements]. AB - By means of dynamic roentgenographic study (5 to 7 X-rays) of the cervical spine in sagittal plane, the authors were able to define: amplitudes of each intervertebral joints. C4, C5 and C6 are the more mobile levels, position of instant centers of rotation for each intervertebral joint in healthy and pathologic individuals. This method allows a kinematic diagnosis of discopathies. PMID- 6679453 TI - [Biometry of the thoracic spine using scanography]. AB - Biometry was performed on CT scan of a human thoracic spine. The entire spine was removed from the fresh corpse of an adult man. Horizontal cross-sections were performed, every 6 mm from C7 to L1. Measurements involved the main diameters of the vertebrae, spinal canal and spinal cord, muscular depth and punctures. Several density measurements were noted. PMID- 6679454 TI - [Biometry of the lumbar spine using scanography]. AB - Biometry of one human lumbar spine was performed on a series of computed tomographic cross-sections every six millimetres. Linear and density measurements were multiplied on each level. Biometrical results confirm date of the litterature, but are more numerous by means of CT scan. Effectiveness on the living is acquired by whole body apparatus. PMID- 6679455 TI - [The parotid fascia]. AB - The parotid fascia is not the superficial layer of the investing layer of the cervical fascia. The dissection of 21 cadavers, the histological studies and the compared anatomy of 3 apes show that the parotid gland lies between the platysma muscle on the lateral side and the superficial layer of the cervical fascia on the medial side. The upper part of the platysma, large muscle in apes, has regressed as a fibrosis layer in man. PMID- 6679456 TI - [Anatomic and histologic study of the human ileocecal valve. Developmental aspects as a function of age]. AB - Based on gross anatomy and histological studies of thirty specimens ranging from nineteen weeks of gestational age to eighty-two years old, the authors present an analytical study of the ileocecal valve. The results confirm the evolutive aspect of the ileocecal valve with age, but, however seems to demonstrate a functional regression correlated with the frequency of its incontinence in adulthood. PMID- 6679457 TI - A variation in the formation of the brachial plexus characterized by the absence of C8 and T1 fibers in the trunk of the median nerve. AB - During the dissection of a male cadaver, 80 years old, it was observed that the right median nerve was formed by the junction of two nerve trunks, one originating from the upper and the other from the middle trunk of the brachial plexus (C5, C6 and C7 neurotomes), with subsequent absence of formation of the lateral cord of the plexus. The place of junction lay at 52 mm from the exit of the C6 and C7 nerves from the spine. The musculocutaneous nerve arised from the median nerve after a 38 mm course of the latter. Despite the absence of nerve fibers from the C8 and T1 neurotomes in the trunk of the median nerve, the distribution of its branches was normal. PMID- 6679458 TI - Survey of insecticide resistance in Blattella germanica (L.) from Polish sea going ships. PMID- 6679459 TI - Assessment of the hazards of electromagnetic fields emitted by the equipment aboard towards humans (nervous and circulatory systems). PMID- 6679460 TI - Medical aspects of the survival of shipwrecked crewmen of the m/s "Kudowa Zdroj". PMID- 6679461 TI - Influence of meteorological conditions of various climatic zones on the arterial pressure of participants in a sea voyage. Part I. Selected atmospheric factors and the arterial pressure of persons staying in the subantarctic climate. PMID- 6679462 TI - Vigilance variations studied with electroencephalography. PMID- 6679463 TI - The problem of attesting fitness for duty of seafarers seen against reductions of shipboard personnel. PMID- 6679464 TI - A brief review of ILO activities concerning the health of merchant seafarers. PMID- 6679466 TI - Morbidity in the Soviet seamen of the Caspian Sea as revealed by medical check up. PMID- 6679465 TI - Studies on the state of health of the workers employed at the trans-shipment of aluminium oxide in the port of Gdynia. PMID- 6679467 TI - Hygienic aspects for preventing diseases of seamen in modern vessels. PMID- 6679468 TI - Evaluation of anthropometric parameters related to the man-ship ergonomic system. PMID- 6679469 TI - An anthropometric aspect of optimization of working spaces aboard a ship. PMID- 6679470 TI - Mutagenic action of styrene and its metabolites. 1. Chromosome aberration in persons exposed to the action of styrene. Introductory investigations. PMID- 6679471 TI - Serological investigations on tularemia in the Koszalin province in 1979-1981. PMID- 6679472 TI - Activation of carboxylesterases in root cortical parenchymal cells of Pisum sativum during xylem induction in vitro. AB - A quantitative cytochemical study of naphthol AS-D esterase activity in explants from roots of Pisum sativum grown on basal medium for 3 or 6 days showed similar levels of activity to those seen in sections of cortex and stele from intact roots of similar ages. Explants grown in the presence of auxins or cytokinin alone showed a threefold or twofold increase in cortical parenchymal activity, respectively. On adding both hormones to initiate xylem element formation, there was also a threefold increase in activity in the cortex. In all three cases, the stimulated activity was totally inhibited by either 10(-4) M diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) or 10(-4) M diethyl p-nitrophenylphosphate (E600), indicating carboxylesterase activity. The low level of activity normally present in cortical cells was inhibitor resistant, so indicating acetylesterase activity. Thus, auxins and cytokinins appear to activate mainly similar carboxylesterases during the initiation of xylem elements from cortical parenchyma cells. PMID- 6679473 TI - Dispersed sensory ganglion cells cleave an active entity from nerve growth factor coupled to Sepharose. AB - Dispersed sensory ganglion cells from the embryonic chick, but not cells from other tissues, liberate biologically active material from nerve growth factor coupled to Sepharose beads. Experiments with such insolubilized material cannot then be taken as evidence for the existence of an external membrane receptor for the factor and may indicate that responsive cells have the ability to cleave an active fragment from the polypeptide. PMID- 6679474 TI - Effects of castration and replacement of androgen on the separation of rat ventral prostate cells by Ficoll gradient centrifugation. AB - When regressing or growing (hypertrophic) cells from collagenase-digested ventral prostates were centrifuged on isokinetic Ficoll gradients for 6-8 min, they distributed into four fractions. Because of changes in epithelial cell morphology and density following castration to induce regression and replacement of androgens to cause cell growth, and contrary to results with normal rat ventral prostate, stromal cell fraction 2 was contaminated to a greater extent with regressing epithelial cells, as judged by their morphology and binding of radioactive androgens. However, centrifugation for 3 min increased the purity of epithelial cell fraction 4, although the yield of desired cells was reduced. Most cells from endocrine-manipulated rats were viable, as judged by exclusion of trypan blue and the initial incorporation of 3H-uridine. Cells centrifuged on a similar gradient of Percoll separated by a 'sieving' effect, which inverted the order of cellular fractions and removed red blood cells from fraction 2. Metrizamide offered no advantages, compared with Ficoll or Percoll. Neither physiologic nor pharmacologic amounts of testosterone returned the morphology of isolated epithelial cells to normal. To obtain consistent results with prostates from normal or hormone-manipulated rats, one should take care to select an active preparation of collagenase, avoid the use of very old animals, cool the tissue after it is dissociated, and do not apply undigested clumps of cells or overload the gradient. If attention is paid to these details, populations enriched in viable regressing or growing prostate epithelial or stromal cells can be obtained from hormonally manipulated rats. PMID- 6679475 TI - Iron metabolism pathways in the rat hepatocyte. AB - A small to moderate inhibitory effect of iron uptake by isolated rat hepatocytes in short-term studies was seen with oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport inhibitors, and no inhibition by agents affecting pinocytosis. Intracellular transferrin was able to donate iron to the small-molecular weight iron pool, and the latter was able to transfer, by a process not requiring energy or movement of serum transferrin, iron to ferritin. Serum transferrin was not able to lose iron to any cytosol components. Reducing agents were not able to abstract iron from rat serum transferrin to any great extent. It is concluded that iron is taken up by the rat hepatocyte from serum transferrin by a process not requiring energy or movement of serum transferrin into the cell interior; and that intracellular transferrin is involved in acquiring iron from serum transferrin at the cell surface, with iron then being transferred to the small molecular weight iron pool and hence to ferritin. It is also proposed that intracellular transferrins may have the general function of interacting with serum transferrin at cell surfaces. PMID- 6679476 TI - Importance of the gerontology of elastic arteries in the development of essential hypertension. AB - After discussing the changes of elastic type vessels with age, several possibilities for the resetting of baroreceptors in elastic type vessels are proposed: (1) Short-term resetting. On the basis of the architecture of the wall of elastic type vessels and the physical behavior of tubes, a pressure control organ within the vessel wall is proposed, by which, due to change in contraction of the vascular smooth muscles, the stress of the baroreceptors is changed and with it their set point relative to the blood pressure. This change can occur within seconds. (2) Mid-term resetting. The wall of elastic type vessels thickens, after a prolonged forced increase of blood pressure, decreasing the ratio of radius to wall thickness. Since the wall stress is proportional to the ratio of radius to wall thickness and the baroreceptors depend on the wall stress, they will now regulate the blood pressure on an elevated level. This change will be accomplished within days or weeks. (3) Long-term resetting. With age the wall of elastic type vessels becomes stiffer. Due to the peculiar physical behavior of tubes, this means that the wall stress decreases at a given blood pressure. Therefore, to maintain the same mean blood pressure throughout life, the baroreceptors have to adjust to the continuously decreasing wall stress. If this does not occur, the blood pressure will rise. Actually, the calculated increase of proposed blood pressure due to the decreasing wall stress parallels the recorded increase in blood pressure with age of the general population. PMID- 6679477 TI - [Fractionation of serum by gel filtration: contamination of IgM fractions by non specific inhibitors of hemagglutination of the rubella virus]. AB - Rubella virus hemagglutination non-specific inhibitors, in sera fractionated on Bio-Gel A 5 m, elute in IgM containing fractions. In addition, in heparin-MnCl2 treated sera, the same inhibitors display a different chromatographic behaviour on Bio-Gel A 5m, being eluted earlier than IgM. Therefore, in order to avoid false-positive results due to the presence of non-specific inhibitors in IgM containing fractions it is necessary to verify the disappearance of hemagglutination-inhibition activity after 2-ME reduction. PMID- 6679478 TI - [Influence of the substrate on culture and morphological characteristics of dermatophytes. Initial results relating to strains isolated from 586 patients]. AB - During an epidemiological study on Dermatophytosis in the Metropolitan area of Turin were isolated: Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The isolation of the species, was in the mean time, carried out on three different media: agar Sabouraud, Potato dextrose agar and Mycosel agar. In this work were observed the morphological differentiations of the species isolated, besides was compared the fertility of the media at different time of incubation. PMID- 6679479 TI - [A pertinent example of the use of public health laboratories in the control of environmental hygiene]. AB - In this communication the work about the Lake Maggiore waters were described like a good example of hygienic environment control. This work carried out in the Medical Department of Novara Public Health Laboratory. PMID- 6679482 TI - [Toxoplasmosis: comparative serological diagnosis (direct agglutination, complement fixation, hemagglutination inhibition tests) in order to attempt to clarify the diverse periods of infection in man]. AB - Large diffusion of human toxoplasmotic infection and consequent injuries that, sometimes, occur in pregnancy and to the newborn, have been and are principal stimulus to study and to set several diagnostic means to specify, directly or indirectly, acute infection and acquired immunity. Serological methods are, at least till now, the best diagnostic means; among these, we have selected 3 methods: IHA (Behring), CF (I.S.M.) and DA (Bio-Merieux); with which have been tested 125 sera (selected randomly). Obtained results have been elaborated statistically according to some interpretative perspectives which have been considered the most significant. Da test, that had a propensity to understimulation of serum-positive cases, would show a good sensibility about acute or recent infections and would be positive more difficulty about past infections. IHA test, on the contrary, that showed the greatest percentage of erroneously positive results, had, on the whole, a opposite propensity, but it would seem, with some reservations, also adaptable to the search of acute infections. CF test, rather complicated and long, would seem most versatile of three tests fitting well both to the search of past immunity and to serological diagnosis of acute infection, thanks to the new TTE antigen use. PMID- 6679483 TI - New antisickling agents. AB - Sickle cell anemia has variable clinical expression, ranging from benign cases to very severe ones. This situation suggest that, unless a perfect drug is identified, the therapeutic approaches may also vary. Great progress has been made in this last decade in the understanding of the Hb S polymer structure, the kinetics of polymerization and some of the cellular contributions to the disease. This progress has suggested that we could alter the course of the disease by impairing the polymerization of Hb S through three mechanisms: a) interfering in the areas of contacts involved in polymer formation by covalent and non-covalent agents, b) changing the oxygen affinity of Hb S to decrease the changes induced by deoxygenation, c) diluting the Hb S by increasing the MCV of the cells and consequently decreasing its MCHC. This last result is achieved by a modification of the permeability of the red cell membrane. PMID- 6679481 TI - [Antirabies vaccine from human diploid cells initial vaccination experiences]. AB - The Authors describe their experience with a new human rabies vaccine (HDCV), prepared on human diploid cell strains (HDCS). The reported experience is largely positive for almost total absence of significant fastidious side-effects. PMID- 6679480 TI - [Pathogenesis of the chronic occurrence of hepatitis B]. PMID- 6679484 TI - Open forum on liability and reality in haemotherapy. Introduction. PMID- 6679485 TI - International juridical aspects of transfusion. PMID- 6679487 TI - International cooperation in blood transfusion. PMID- 6679486 TI - Open forum on liability and reality in haemotherapy. Industrial processing. PMID- 6679489 TI - Bone marrow biopsy. PMID- 6679488 TI - Leukemia antigens and immunity in man. PMID- 6679491 TI - Efficacy control of HB blood donor screening. AB - If blood donor selection were an efficacious means of preventing posttransfusion hepatitis B, three conditions should be fulfilled: 1. the incidence of the disease should decrease immediately after the exclusion of blood donations that contain presumed infectivity markers; 2. the incidence of the disease should likewise decrease when donor blood is completely replaced by autologous blood; 3. retesting of donors implicated in cases of posttransfusion hepatitis B should regularly detect one or more anti-HBc positive individuals per case. Since none of these conditions turned out to be fulfilled when tried in the FRG, it remains an open question whether the transfusion-transmitted part of posttransfusion hepatitis B is significant enough to justify laborious donor screening procedures. PMID- 6679490 TI - Bone marrow biopsy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a study of 208 cases. AB - In 208 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in which a bone marrow biopsy has been performed, the correlation between histopathological bone marrow patterns (interstitial, nodular, mixed and diffuse) and both Rai's clinical stages and the recent International Workshop on CLL proposal (A, B, C stages) has been analyzed. In general, a fairly good correlation has been found between the bone marrow patterns and both Rai's and A, B, C systems. As far as the correlation between the bone marrow patterns and the tumoral load (lymphadenopathy, organomegalies, lymphocytosis, anaemia and thrombocytopenia) is concerned, the correlation was also fairly good. Bone marrow pattern is an important prognostic factor in CLL and it is suggested to use a combined clinical and pathological (bone marrow biopsy) staging in CLL. PMID- 6679492 TI - Haemoptysis in chest diseases. PMID- 6679494 TI - Surgical management of uraemic pericardial effusion with tamponade. PMID- 6679493 TI - Atrial vectorcardiogram in mitral stenosis (a scalar electrocardiogram, vectorcardiogram and haemodynamic correlation). PMID- 6679497 TI - Echinococcosis of the heart presenting as ventricular tachycardia: recovery after surgical treatment. PMID- 6679495 TI - Pulmonary parenchymal changes in rheumatic mitral stenosis in India with special reference to the juvenile group. PMID- 6679496 TI - Eosinophilic consolidation (an unusual presentation of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia). PMID- 6679499 TI - Pleuroesophageal fistula as a complication of empyema thoracis. PMID- 6679500 TI - Spontaneous cavernopleurocutaneous fistula in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6679498 TI - Aneurysmal dilatation of azygos vein. PMID- 6679501 TI - Letterer-Siwe disease. PMID- 6679502 TI - Clinical experience with flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. PMID- 6679503 TI - Hydrolysis of cyclomethasone by the human lung. AB - The hydrolysis rate of 9-chloro-11 beta, 17a-dihydroxy-16 beta-methyl-21-(1'4'N acetyltransaminomethyl- cyclohexancarbonyloxy) pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione (cyclomethasone) and of beclomethasone 17,21-dipropionate was studied on human lung slices. Cyclomethasone is hydrolysed more slowly than beclomethasone 17,21 dipropionate. This difference may be ascribed to a different affinity and/or activity of the tissue esterases towards the two substrates or to a different transport rate in the sites of the esterase activity. Since the steroid moiety is the same for both molecules studied it appears that the hydrolysis and/or the transport rate of the esterified steroids depends on the chemical properties of the substituent at C-21. PMID- 6679504 TI - Effect of pyridoxine alpha-ketoglutarate (PAK) on ammonia and pyruvic and lactic acid blood levels in patients with cirrhosis. AB - Administration of PAK to patients with hepatic cirrhosis significantly reduced hyperammonaemia and plasma levels of pyruvic and lactic acid. No significant changes in glycaemia were found. PAK treatment increased plasma levels of glutamic acid and decreased plasma levels of glutamine. This double-blind placebo controlled trial showed that PAK administration has a positive effect on some metabolic disturbances in cirrhotic patients. PMID- 6679505 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of metergoline in healthy volunteers after single i.v. and oral administration. AB - Concentrations of unchanged metergoline and its main metabolite, 1 demethylmetergoline, were measured by HPLC and fluorescence detector in the plasma of 13 healthy male volunteers. The subjects received on various occasions the following single-dose metergoline treatments: 4 mg by i.v. infusion (n = 7), 8 mg orally as aqueous solution (n = 7) and 8 mg orally as two different formulations of film-coated tablets (Formulation A, n = 12; Formulation B, n = 12). The mean plasma t 1/2 of metergoline and of 1-demethylmetergoline were about 50 min and 100 min, respectively, independent of the route of administration. A considerable first-pass effect was evident from the data, with about 75% of metergoline being metabolized by the liver before reaching the systemic circulation. However, the availability of the drug in terms of 1 demethylmetergoline was similar for the i.v. and oral routes of administration indicating a complete absorption of the solution from the gastrointestinal tract. Very low plasma levels of another metabolite (12-hydroxymetergoline) were detected in some patients. The bioavailability of film-coated tablets in Formulation B was slightly better than for Formulation A with regard to both relative absorption (A vs B = 82%) and lower interpatient variation. Compared with oral solution, the absorption of Formulation B was slightly slower but practically complete. PMID- 6679506 TI - Comparison of sotalol and propranolol in mild to moderate essential hypertension. AB - The controlled, open, cross-over study reported in this article demonstrates that sotalol and propranolol administered twice daily to 20 patients provide an equally satisfactory control of moderately elevated blood-pressure for 24 hours. The average daily dose of sotalol and propranolol required to achieve this effect was 200 +/- 95 mg and 154 +/- 90 mg respectively. No important side-effects were observed. PMID- 6679507 TI - Diazoxide vs labetalol: a cross-over comparison of short-term effects in hypertension. AB - In a randomized cross-over study the acute effects of intravenous labetalol (1-2 mg/kg; mean dose 86.5 mg) were compared with those of diazoxide (3-5 mg/kg; mean dose 253.8 mg) in 13 severely hypertensive patients with diastolic blood pressure above 110 mm Hg (36.3 kPa) and a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 165.4 mm Hg (22.0 kPa). Within five minutes following injection of both drugs an immediate fall in arterial pressure was observed (P less than 0.05), which was even more pronounced during subsequent minutes (P less than 0.01). The reduction in MAP after 30 minutes averaged 20% (P less than 0.01), with no significant differences between the drugs under trial or administration schedules. Diazoxide did not increase the heart rate as much as expected (P greater than 0.10), while labetalol slowed it down moderately but significantly (P less than 0.05). There were no notable changes in the blood levels of glucose and potassium and no particular side-effects were observed. It is concluded that the acute effects of intravenous labetalol are comparable to those of diazoxide and that labetalol can be used with advantage as a complemental alternative to diazoxide in the emergency treatment of some hypertensive crises. PMID- 6679508 TI - Recovery of acetylsalicylic acid and indalpine (LM 5008) after buccal partitioning. AB - The recoveries were compared of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and indalpine (1) after buccal absorption in three trained human volunteers. Recovery of the poorly lipid soluble ASA was less than 1% at pH 5 or 8, while that of the lipid soluble I was 19% and 13% at pH 5 and 8 respectively. This difference in recovery may represent a difference in their storage within the buccal mucosa dependent on their different lipid solubilities. PMID- 6679509 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies on diponium bromide. AB - The body elimination kinetics and the metabolic pathway of intravenously administered diponium bromide ((2-[alpha,alpha-dicyclopentylacetoxy)- ethyl] triethylammonium bromide) were studied. The rapid alpha- distribution phase had a t 1/2 of 4 to 11 minutes. The elimination rate varied between 2.3 and 7.7 hours. The distribution volume was 29.64 +/- 15.03 l, the total body clearance was 72.99 +/- 28.52 ml/min, and the renal clearance showed a mean value of 45.03 +/- 12.51 ml/minute. Thin layer chromatography of extracts derived from urine and faeces showed unchanged DB and a metabolite in urine; in the faeces of some volunteers three metabolites were detected, which were characterized by their Rf-values. DB does not bind to erythrocytes but to plasma proteins. PMID- 6679510 TI - Effect of clonidine on sympathetic nervous system activity in patients with essential hypertension. AB - This study analysed the effects of both seven and 30 days of treatment with clonidine on heart rate, blood pressure (BP), plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity at rest and after standing in seven patients with essential hypertension. The patients and 10 age-matched normotensive control subjects were evaluated under medication-free baseline conditions; the hypertensive patients were then given clonidine 0.1 mg twice daily. Baseline plasma NE and DBH levels were similar between the groups. Seven and 30 days of clonidine therapy reduced blood pressure (p less than 0.001) and NE concentrations (p less than 0.05) significantly. Clonidine did not effect the percent increase in NE induced by standing and was not associated with orthostatic hypotension. The blood pressure lowering effects of clonidine appear related to the centrally mediated and/or direct suppression of peripheral noradrenergic activity, indicating the utility of clonidine in cases of hypertension were the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is hyperactive. Clonidine may also prove especially useful in cases where the initial pharmacotherapy (such as a diuretic) causes activation of the SNS. PMID- 6679511 TI - Clinical evaluation of new antiarrhythmic agents: experiences with propafenone. AB - The authors propose a general design for the clinical evaluation of new antiarrhythmic agents with special reference to their experience with propafenone, a new Class 1 agent. The drug was studied in 61 patients affected by PSRT, VEBs or RVT often unresponsive to other drugs. Both acute i.v. sensitivity tests and evaluation of chronic oral treatment were carried out. The results indicate that propafenone is a highly effective drug and that its oral activity may be predicted in individual patients by an acute i.v. administration. The most frequent adverse reaction was a widening of QRS complex. However the drug had to be withdrawn due to impaired intraventricular conduction in one patient only. More frequently (four cases) its withdrawal was due to adverse extracardiac reactions. PMID- 6679512 TI - Interaction between verapamil and beta-methyldigoxin. Study by 86Rubidium uptake in erythrocytes. AB - Digoxin and Verapamil may often be used in association in heart diseases; we tested whether this coadministration increases digitalis activity. Ten patients with failing heart were given 0.10 mg of beta-methyldigoxin, twice a day, for nine days; then they received in addition 80 mg of Verapamil, four times a day, for seven days. Digoxin activity was measured on the eighth, ninth and 16th days of treatment by 86Rubidium uptake in erythrocytes. The steady-state concentration was 0.91 +/- 0.13 ng/ml; during the coadministration the concentration rose to 1.23 +/- 0.16 ng/ml (an increase of 35.12%). The change was significant (p less than 0.001). The mechanism of this increase is unknown: it is important that there exists an increase in digitalis activity and not only a haematic elevation. PMID- 6679514 TI - Lisuride as a migraine prophylactic in children: an open clinical trial. AB - Lisuride is an ergot derivative which acts on serotonin and dopamine receptors at both peripheral and central levels. According to the central theory of headache, lisuride is an active prophylactic drug in adult headache sufferers. Because of its activity on dopamine receptors, a hypotensive action has been observed after acute and chronic administration of high doses of the drug in adults. An open trial on 45 migrainous children was carried out, to compare lisuride with pizotiphene treatment. Some 23 children were treated with lisuride and 22 with pizotiphene for 42 days. No statistically significant difference in therapeutic results between the two groups was found. Eight migrainous children were treated with a single oral dose of lisuride (0.0250 mg) and arterial blood pressure was measured before and after the drug. No significant change in either supine or orthostatic blood pressure was recorded in pre-drug and post-drug values. This study shows that lisuride is an effective and well-tolerated prophylactic drug in migrainous children. PMID- 6679513 TI - Effects of calcitonin on limb blood vessels in human obstructive arterial disease. AB - To check the possibility of a vasoactive effect of calcitonin in man, the authors treated ten hospitalized patients (seven males and three females, mean age 66.3 +/- 3.24), suffering from obstructive arterial disease in the lower extremities, with 100 units M.R.C. i.m. daily, for a period of 15 days. Five patients presented Raynaud's phenomenon. Treatment (B) led to an improvement of subjective symptomatology and to the disappearance of Raynaud's phenomenon in comparison with symptoms before treatment (A) and after a placebo period of 15 days (C). With respect to instrumental parameters, calcitonin induced: a) a slight increase of segmental plethysmography values (height/width ratio of curves) if compared with A (p less than 0.05) and more significantly if compared with C (p less than 0.01 and less than 0.0125, from right and left sides, respectively); b) a small change in venous-occlusion plethysmography values, if compared with A and C, both in basal conditions and after the "ischaemic test"; c) a significantly lesser reduction of digital photoelectric plethysmography values (height/width ratio of curves) after the "cold test" in comparison with A (p less than 0.01, both on the second and on the third fingers of the right hand), as well as with C (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.025, on the second and on the third fingers, respectively). The present investigation points out the vasoactive influence of calcitonin in human obstructive disease. Results show the improvement in collateral limb circulation and, above all, in the amount of cutaneous flow. Little information is available on the mechanism of this effect, for which only hypotheses can at present be advanced. PMID- 6679515 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in patients with unresponsive duodenal ulcer. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cimetidine after an oral dose of 400 mg were measured in 18 patients with duodenal ulcer, 9 refractory and 9 responders. The peak plasma concentration of cimetidine (2.13 +/- 0.17 micrograms/ml vs 1.43 +/- 0.04 micrograms/ml), the area under the plasma concentration curve (A.U.C.) between 0 to 8 hours after cimetidine (8.49 +/- 0.29 micrograms/ml/h vs 5.83 +/- 0.25 micrograms/ml/h), and the time span in which cimetidine was above 0.5 micrograms/ml (I.C.50) (401 +/- 8.86 min vs 296 +/- 20 min) were all found to be greater in responding patients than in non-responders to the therapy. No differences were detectable between the two groups in urinary excretion, T 1/2 of cimetidine or percentage inhibition (1%) of maximal pentagastrin-stimulated acid output (MAO). The results indicate that clinical healing of duodenal ulcer after cimetidine is related principally to the drug's pharmacokinetics, i.e. to its absorption from the small bowel, and that some other therapeutic approaches might be tried before surgery in cases of duodenal ulcer refractory to cimetidine. PMID- 6679516 TI - Human tolerance of flumecinol (Zixoryn, RGH-3332), its regime and dosage in healthy volunteers. AB - The enzyme inductive effect of flumecinol (Zixoryn, RGH-3332), a new hepatic enzyme inducer, was studied in healthy volunteers. The dosages employed were as follows: 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg single doses; and during a 7-day period single doses of 50 mg daily, and doses of 200, 300 and 400 mg three times daily. The intensity of enzyme induction was measured by the following parameters: antipyrine metabolic clearance, D-glucaric acid excretion, menthol loading, and total serum bilirubin. The minimal and optimal inductive doses of flumecinol were determined. A single dose of 600 mg of flumecinol is recommended at intervals of 7 days. This dosage also induces the first and the second phases of reactions. The induction effect becomes manifest after 24 hours. Its peak is reached between 48 and 96 hours, and the inductive activity ceases between 216 and 408 hours. PMID- 6679517 TI - Clinical effects of intravenous cetiedil, a candidate anti-sickling agent. AB - As part of a Phase I clinical trial, the clinical effects resulting from both single and multiple dose infusions of cetiedil, a candidate anti-sickling agent, were evaluated. Multiple doses of up to 0.45 mg/kg every six hours for four days were safe and well-tolerated in adult male volunteers. Most adverse reactions to cetiedil are related to its anticholinergic properties (dryness of mouth, blurred vision, spacy feelings, disorientation) or vasodilatory effects (light headedness, vertigo, cold extremities); these side-effects were dose-related with regard to incidence, severity and duration. Moderate to slight reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were statistically significant but no dose-related. There were no significant changes in respiratory rate, ECG, biochemical or haematological parameters. Adverse reactions were transient and required neither medical intervention nor discontinuance of infusions. PMID- 6679519 TI - Tolerability and serum levels of benoxaprofen in healthy volunteers. AB - Tolerability, serum levels and urinary excretion of benoxaprofen (B) in therapeutic doses of 400 or 600 mg as a capsule were studied in 22 healthy volunteers after single or multiple doses. B was determined by a HPLC procedure. Apart from a skin reaction in one patient, no major problems were encountered by patients. Mean serum peak values after 400 and 600 mg were 49.84 and 94.54 micrograms/ml respectively. Mean time to peak was 5.6 hours and mean half-life ranged between 45.38 (400 mg regimen) and 63.48 hours (600 mg regimen). Urinary excretion was only a fraction of the doses ingested: 14.39% after a single dose; 35.5% after multiple doses. This may depend on other pathways of elimination of the drug because steady state is reached according to half-life. PMID- 6679520 TI - Ketotifen in African children. AB - Twenty-six asthmatic children, 16 boys and 10 girls with a mean age of 4.9 years, were given ketotifen, an oral prophylactic drug against asthma. Both the number of acute asthmatic attacks and their severity were reduced over a period of three months. Also reduced was the concomitant use of bronchodilators in these children. Only minimal side effects were noted. It is concluded that ketotifen has beneficial effects in childhood asthma. PMID- 6679518 TI - Management of essential hypertension with oxprenolol and chlorthalidone in a fixed combination. AB - A study was carried out in 40 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. The treatment administered was a fixed drug combination of oxprenolol (160 mg) and chlorthalidone (20 mg) in a single morning dose for 16 weeks. As a result, resting and standing blood pressure decreased significantly) (p less than 0.001). As regards clinical tolerance, this was adequate although treatment had to be discontinued in three patients. The minor side effects observed in other patients did not necessitate withdrawal of therapy. Only minor changes of the biochemical parameters were observed. It may be concluded that some patients with mild to moderate hypertension can be adequately treated with a single daily dose of a fixed drug combination of oxprenolol and chlorthalidone. PMID- 6679521 TI - PB:PRM ratio in patients with epilepsy treated with primidone. AB - Phenobarbitone (PB) and primidone (PRM) plasma concentrations were measured in 88 patients of both sexes with different types of epilepsy and treated with PRM, alone or in association with carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT), ethosuximide (ESM) or valproic acid (VPA). A correlation was observed between the dose and the levels of both PRM and PB. Plasma PB:PRM ratio was high variable, especially interindividually. These changes seemed to be linked to age and particularly to pharmacological associations. In fact, PB:PRM ratio was increased with CBZ, ESM, VPA and PHT respectively. Moreover, a correlation was observed between the PB:PRM ratio and PHT plasma levels. The possibility of monitoring PB and PRM plasma levels during long-term treatment with PRM is discussed. PMID- 6679522 TI - Compared sensitivities of 532 bacterial strains to six cephalosporins. AB - In this study measurements were made of the minimal inhibitory concentrations of 6 cephalosporins (cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefadroxil, cefoxatin and cefotaxime in comparison with cefalothin) against 532 bacterial strains isolated at the Regional Hospital Centre, Nantes, France, between 15.12.1977 and 15.3.1978. There were 163 Gram-positive bacteria of 2 species and 369 Gram-negative bacilli of 11 species and different genera. The results have been produced in the form of cumulative curves, in percentage for the most numerous genera or species. Cefalothin remained the most active on S. aureus and Listeria. Cefamandole came second. The action of the four other cephalosporins was very closely related to that in relation to S. aureus. For all the Gram-negative bacilli, Cefotaxime was the most active. Its MIC's can be up to more than 100 times lower than those of the other cephalosporins. Of the others, cefamandole appeared the best. It was difficult to classify the last four, as the MIC's may vary from one bacterial species to another. The bacterial activity (MBC) in a liquid medium was found for 178 of the strains (10 genera or species) of which one was Gram-positive (S. aureus). The ratio MBC/MIC (the measurements were taken in a liquid medium in all cases) confirmed the fact that all the cephalosporins are clearly bactericidal (the ratio was most often equal to 1 and sometimes to 2) for all the Gram negative bacilli. Cefalothin and cefotaxime appeared the most bactericidal and cefamandole the least. PMID- 6679523 TI - Pharmacokinetics and sputum levels of josamycin after single and multiple administrations in bronchopneumopathic patients. AB - Josamycin is a new macrolide antibiotic with low toxicity and effective therapeutic activity in many bacterial diseases, particularly bronchopulmonary infections. In the present study the pharmacokinetics of josamycin were investigated in a group of 10 patients suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, with purulent or mucopurulent expectoration. Patients were given one oral administration of 1 g of josamycin every 12 hours for seven days. Serum, urinary parameters and the profile of bronchial mucus diffusion were assessed after the first and the last administration. PMID- 6679524 TI - The sword and shield of Perseus: some mythological dimensions of the law. PMID- 6679525 TI - Responsibility, unconscious motivation, and social order. PMID- 6679527 TI - Subjective data and suicide assessment in the light of recent legal developments. Part I: Malpractice prevention and the use of subjective data. PMID- 6679526 TI - Are conflicts of interests endemic to psychiatric consultation? PMID- 6679528 TI - Subjective data and suicide assessment in the light of recent legal developments. Part II: Clinical uses of legal standards in the interpretation of subjective data. PMID- 6679531 TI - Predicting dangerousness among the mentally ill: art, magic and science. PMID- 6679533 TI - Some issues in the assessment of sexual deviance. PMID- 6679532 TI - Assessments of dangerousness: observations in six countries. A summary of results from a WHO coordinated study. PMID- 6679534 TI - Forensic psychiatry in The Netherlands: positioning and functioning of Dutch forensic psychiatrists. PMID- 6679535 TI - Forensic psychiatry in Taiwan. PMID- 6679536 TI - The role of the psychiatrist in the penitentiary appeal court in The Netherlands. PMID- 6679537 TI - Polarographic determination of butorphanol tartrate. AB - A new indirect polarographic method is proposed for the determination of butorphanol tartrate in the injectable solution form (Stadol). Direct-current polarography and differential pulse polarography (DPP) were applied for the study of authentic butorphanol and its injectable solution form in alkaline medium after nitration with 1 M potassium nitrite in presence of 1 M hydrochloric acid. The standard addition method was employed for the evaluation of the results and the mean percentage found for the injectable solution form was 99.2 +/- 1.0. PMID- 6679538 TI - HPLC--residue analysis of the herbicide pyridate in cereals. AB - For many reasons residue analysis of plant protecting chemicals is becoming of increasing importance. The demand of modern trace analysis techniques is to detect significantly and sensitively values down to levels in the ppb range or even less. Aggravating circumstances are the complex multicomponent sample matrices out of whom the residue analysis has to be performed; theoretically thousands of compounds could be present and interferences with substances of interest are quite likely. One way to get around these difficulties is to employ multidimensional HPLC (MD-HPLC). A method using this invaluable analytical tool tracing Pyridate and its main metabolites in various plant extracts is presented. Based on a brief discussion about requirements of modern trace analysis HPLC in connection with column switching we designed an automatizable setup combining a weak anionexchanger (dimethylamine phase) with a reversed phase system handling relatively large aqueous sample volumes. Depending on specifically described sample pretreatment schemes detection limits down to 30 ppb are routinely obtained. At this level acceptable on-line UV-spectra can be obtained via inserting a spectrophotometric detector in a loop of a 6-port valve. The usefulness of the method described has been demonstrated by analysing several hundred samples. PMID- 6679539 TI - Zeeman effect electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry with matrix modification for the determination of arsenic in urine. AB - Arsenic was determined in urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry using Zeeman Effect background correction and after matrix modification with 5% nickel nitrate. Mean recovery of urine samples spiked with 100 micrograms . L-1 dimethylarsinic acid was 97.9 micrograms . L-1. Within-run CV was 2.4%, between-run CV was 7.3% and the detection limit was determined to be 10.0 micrograms . L-1. The method can be used for the rapid screening of urine samples for elevated arsenic levels. PMID- 6679540 TI - A change in the self: the development and transformation of an idealizing transference. AB - This is a case study of Louisa A, a divorced women in her early 40's who was in analysis for five years. She sought treatment for recurrent depressive states, insomnia, overuse of sleeping medication, and occasional kleptomania. However, her most painful problem was a love affair with an older man who could not bring himself to marry her. The paper is divided into four sections: Introduction; The Case; The Analytic Work; and Review of the Analytic Work and Discussion of the Transference. Detailed examples of daily analytic work along self psychological lines are presented. The gradual development of a deepening selfobject transference and its movement toward resolution are described. Highlighted in the case material are several recurring transference themes. Two examples of these are: (1) An early dream is followed as an initially empty, marble chair is transformed into a comfortable chair in which patient and father-analyst, with 'enough time', sit close together reading. (2) The gradual alteration of the use of a late Beethoven quartet. A substitute for the idealized analyst, his voice, comments and presence, is described. Changes in the self in connexion with the analyst of an idealizing transference are discussed. The significance of the idealization in multiply determined, telescoped meanings of the transference are explained. The main point emphasized concerns the patient's transference needs for psychologically nourishing selfobjects because of structural deficits which were the basis for the inadequate formation of her cohesive, nuclear self. Finally, the fate of the idealizing transference by way of working through is demonstrated as Louisa A became increasingly able to make reliable her own sense of worth, relatively independent of formerly needed selfobjects. PMID- 6679541 TI - Selenium, an "essential poison". PMID- 6679542 TI - Chromatographic preparation and in vitro properties of albumin from human plasma. AB - Albumin has been purified by chromatography using standardized procedures with different starting materials depending on previous fractionation. Plasma can be used directly after cryoprecipitation and Factor IX adsorption or after isolation of IgG. The plasma was centrifuged and then desalted on Sephadex G-25 Coarse, the pH was adjusted, and the euglobulins were precipitated before ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE- and CM-Sepharose CL-6B. This was followed by concentration by ultrafiltration, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200, and final concentration and formulation. The albumin obtained was 99% pure and contained less than 1% of aggregated protein. PMID- 6679543 TI - Malondialdehyde formation from lipid peroxides in the thiobarbituric acid test: the role of lipid radicals, iron salts, and metal chelators. AB - Most of the chromogen formed when peroxidized material is heated with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) can be ascribed to a colored complex formed between malondialdehyde (MDA) and TBA. Even when little MDA is present, large amounts of MDA-TBA adduct can be formed. This is because lipid peroxides break down to release MDA during the test conditions. Iron is not essential for the breakdown of the peroxides but is essential for the formation of TBA reactivity. This can be related to the ability of iron to decompose lipid peroxides with the release of peroxy radicals, which are precursors of MDA. These peroxy radicals, when released, can initiate further peroxidation during the heating stage of the TBA test. Fatty acids in the absence of lipid peroxides do not undergo significant peroxidation during the acid-heating stage of the TBA test. PMID- 6679544 TI - Separation of nucleotides by high-voltage capillary electrophoresis. AB - A new separation method using high-voltage capillary electrophoresis was applied to the analysis of several nucleotides. This system consisted of a micro-bore glass capillary column of 80-micron i.d., a high-voltage power supply, and a uv detector set at 254 nm. Seven nucleotides (cyclic AMP, AMP, ADP, ATP, GMP, GDP, and GTP) were separated completely from each other in 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 7) containing 0.5% ethylene glycol by applying about 150 V/cm. The theoretical plate number for AMP was nearly 45,000. A good separation of nucleotides in biological samples of rat blood, liver, and kidney was attained under the same conditions as above. Concentrations of nucleotides in these biological samples were measured by using pyridoxamine as an internal standard. PMID- 6679545 TI - Onset-offset effects of the human brainstem auditory-evoked response. AB - Brainstem auditory-evoked responses (BSAER's) were obtained from 4 normal-hearing young adults to a 2-kc/s tonal stimulus of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-msec duration at 60 db sensation level. Latency of Jewett Wave V was recorded averaging 4096 sweeps; stimuli had a 1-msec rise-fall time, with a 65-msec interstimulus interval. A Wave V response to the onset transient was present for all durations. For stimulus durations of less than 5 msec no reliable offset response was noted. Latency measures indicated the onset response to be much less variable than the offset response. The onset response latency of Wave V remained stable over a stimulus duration range of 2-8 msec. The BSAER of a single S demonstrated the intrasubject variability of the offset response as a function of stimulus duration. PMID- 6679546 TI - Estimation of auditory sensitivity from the acoustic reflex with mentally deficient children. AB - This study applied conventional pure-tone and/or speech audiometric screening, tympanometry, and acoustic reflex threshold (ART) testing to 33 mentally deficient children (I.Q. less than 25), who nevertheless exhibited ability to respond to conventional screening. The SPAR procedure (Jerger et al, J. Speech Hear. Dis., 1974, 39, 11-22) and bivariate plotting procedures (Margolis and Fox, J. Speech Hear. Res., 1977, 20, 241-253) were used to estimate hearing loss (normal, mild-moderate, severe) from ipsilateral and/or contralateral ART's to pure-tone and to broadband noise stimuli. Both techniques were found to be useful, the bivariate plotting procedure yielding somewhat more accurate estimates of hearing loss. However, caution was suggested when using these techniques with Ss who have passed traditional audiometric screening. PMID- 6679547 TI - Marine turtle reception of bone-conducted sound. AB - An individual each of the marine turtles, Caretta caretta and Lepidochelys kempi, were stimulated with audiofrequencies delivered directly to the skull. Startle responses were observed to underwater stimuli of .25 and .5 kc/s. Neural responses to underwater bone-conducted (bc) sound were recorded in another aquatic form, the snapping turtle, Chelydridae serpentina. The morphology of the neural response suggested the involvement of the auditory system in bc responsivity. Bc hearing appears to be a reception mechanism for marine turtles with the skull and shell acting as receiving surfaces. Turtles are capable of receiving the low-frequency spectrum of the natal beach, which may serve as one of the cues in nesting returns. PMID- 6679548 TI - Syllabic stress (trochaic vs. spondaic) and speech thresholds in normal and hearing-impaired children. AB - Speech thresholds for 6 common two-syllable words on tape with either trochaic (natural) or spondaic stress were collected from children aged 3.5-6.5 yrs, audiometrically grouped as normal-hearing (N:8), conductive (N:8) or sensorineural (N:6). Ss were further grouped as younger and older. No significant differences in mean threshold, nor in time to reach threshold, were observed for either pattern of stress or age, suggesting that audiologists may interchange spondaic with trochaic stress when measuring speech thresholds in young children, with no effect on the mean value or the efficiency of the threshold (mn of .5, 1, and 2 kc/s) or on its correlation with the pure-tone HTL. PMID- 6679549 TI - Age effects on performance on the Willeford Central Auditory Processing Test Battery. AB - This investigation provided data on the performance of 94 men and women (24 aged 18-24 yrs, 24 aged 60-66 yrs, 24 aged 67-73 yrs and 22 aged 74-80 yrs) presented a tape recording of Willeford's Central Auditory Processing Test Battery (Audiol. Hear. Educ., 1976, 2, 12-20) kindly provided by Willeford. Significant effects for age and sex and/or ear were obtained on all subtests and lists, thereby suggesting the need to control these factors as a clinical test version when associated normative data are developed. PMID- 6679550 TI - Effect of a contralateral masking stimulus on auditory response performance. AB - HTLs at 1 kc/s were obtained from the L ear of 5 normal-hearing adults by Bekesy, Up-Down, and Ascending procedures, as a function of a contralateral narrow-band noise mask centered at 1 kc/s, at 70 db SL. Insert receivers were used in each ear. Bekesy tracing width was also examined, and in the Up-Down and Ascending procedures also response-level performance and the latency of the response decision. Masked and masking stimuli were presented simultaneously, both in either continuous or pulsed form. HTLs differed in quiet as a function of the temporal characteristics of the test tone, and in noise, as a function of the temporal presentation of the masked and masking stimuli. All Ss yielded higher threshold shift with contralateral (i.e., central) masking under the pulsed/pulsed than under the continuous/continuous presentation in the Bekesy procedure. The pulsed masking noise slightly decreased Bekesy tracing widths, while the continuous masking signal slightly increased them. Neither the temporal characteristics of the test tone, nor the presence/absence of the contralateral masking signal led to any systematic change in either the performance-level curves or the latency of the response decision. However, both the performance level curves and the latency of the response decision were differentially affected by the experimental procedures. The Bekesy may be the procedure of choice for investigating central masking. PMID- 6679551 TI - Adults' item and order errors on sequences of time-compressed rhyming words. AB - This investigation provided normative data for the intelligibility of time compressed (TC) phonemes in 40 normal-hearing adults aged 18-26 yrs. Individual Ss were presented with 5-word rhyming sequences from the Fairbanks Rhyme Test (e.g., cat-bat-hat-mat-rat) sent to a monaural earphone at 40 db re SRT, and required to write the initial phonemes in the order as heard. Sequences were either at normal speed or at 60% TC, either unmasked or under contralateral multitalker masking at 65 db re SRT, counterbalanced for ear (R,L) and presentation order (R-L, L-R). Significant effects for both TC and masking were obtained with separate analyses of item and order errors. The findings support the diagnostic potential of these stimuli in detecting and documenting subtle auditory perceptual problems in adults, since they were consistent with findings for other stimuli known to be diagnostically effective and have the further property of tapping memory and sequencing abilities. Significant interactions with the factor of ear (R vs L) suggest that the stimuli may be especially sensitive to ear differences. Similar studies with groups such as those with high level aphasia, sickle cell anemia, repeated strokes, etc., should be forthcoming to determine the clinical utility of these materials and procedures. PMID- 6679552 TI - Campylobacter enteritis in infants and young children in China. PMID- 6679553 TI - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the serological diagnosis of typhoid fever. PMID- 6679554 TI - Campylobacter jejuni as a cause of childhood diarrhoea in a north Indian community. PMID- 6679555 TI - Change of resource-technology relations in abalone diving-fishing on Ojika Islands: its implication to labor and health of divers. PMID- 6679557 TI - Heart rate responses to a repetitive load carrying task. PMID- 6679556 TI - Effects of raised air pressure on the cardio-respiratory function during exercise in man. PMID- 6679558 TI - An analysis of the socio-psychological impact of urbanization: a case study of Tsukuba New Town for Education and Scientific Research, Japan. PMID- 6679560 TI - Cardiovascular responses to sustained isometric arm flexion and knee extension at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% MVC. PMID- 6679561 TI - Experimental investigation of attribute roles in attitude formation and change. PMID- 6679562 TI - EEG changes induced by passive postural changes. PMID- 6679559 TI - Relations between direction-of-the-body stereotypes and direction-of-opening stereotypes for building components. PMID- 6679563 TI - Work styles of Okinawan diving-fishers in relation to decompression sickness and physical complaints. PMID- 6679564 TI - Life stress and athletic injury: examination of positive versus negative events and three moderator variables. AB - A modified version of the Life Experiences Survey (LES) was used to examine the relationship between positive and negative life change and subsequent athletic injury among 104 collegiate varsity football players drawn from two teams. The findings from Team One indicated that players who incurred a significant time loss injury had experienced greater negative--but not positive--life changes in the previous twelve months than noninjured players. Further, injured players tended to have higher object loss scores than noninjured players. No between group differences were found for Team Two. Trait anxiety, competitive trait anxiety, and locus of control were examined as possible moderator variables in the life change--injury relationship, and were found to have no significant effects. While partially supporting past research, the findings indicate that more work on the stress--injury relationship is needed before life change measures can contribute to the assessment of athletes' injury potential. PMID- 6679565 TI - Physical symptom reporting and health perception among type A and B college males. AB - This investigation studied the relationship of Type A behavior to physical symptom reporting and self-appraised health status. The student version of the Jenkins Activity Survey was administered to thirty male college seniors during a high-stress period of the semester. Results showed that Type A's reported relatively fewer physical symptoms and perceived themselves as being more healthy than Type B's. Type A individuals also rated themselves as healthier than their peers, whereas Type B individuals rated themselves as being less healthy than their peers. In addition, symptom reporting and health perception were negatively correlated in the Type B subsample; however, this relationship was not evident in the Type A subsample. In the discussion, it was suggested that the attentional style of Type A's may contribute to lower levels of symptom reporting and faulty appraisals of health status. The notion of an attributional bias whereby Type A's define internal somatovisceral states differently than Type B's was also discussed. Finally, the results were discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the mechanisms through which Type A behaviors might translate into increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. PMID- 6679566 TI - Reliability of the MYTH scale in assessing type A behavior in preschool children. AB - The reliability of the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH) scale in assessing Type A behavior patterns among four-year-old children was evaluated, as was the degree of association between the behavior pattern of teachers and their ratings of the children. The Pearson product-moment correlations for the total MYTH scores and for the competitiveness and the impatience/aggression subscale scores ranged from .68 to .73 over a test-retest interval of three months. The teachers completed the Jenkins Activity Survey. No significant correlations were found between the behavior patterns of the teachers and their ratings of the children. The high degree of reliability that was found in test-retest scores on the MYTH was similar to that found in other studies. PMID- 6679567 TI - Weighted versus unweighted life event scores: is there a difference? AB - Life events researchers differ in their opinions as to whether weighted life event indices are more strongly associated with measures of pathology than a simple count of the number of experienced events. In the present review, it was found that across 18 studies the average correlation between weighted and unweighted totals was .94. In 16 of 19 studies, weighted scores did not improve the stress-illness correlation. PMID- 6679568 TI - Type A in relation to job-stress, social and bioclinical variables: the Belgian Physical Fitness Study. AB - The present study focuses on the relationship of Type A behavior, a suspected coronary-prone behavior pattern in its overall or specific aspects, to "stress" experienced at work, and to social and coronary bioclinical risk factors. In order to measure Type A behavior and Job-Stress, respectively, the Jenkins Activity Survey Questionnaire (J.A.S. for employed persons, 1969 version) and a self-constructed Job-Stress Questionnaire were administered at a base-line examination to 2,302 men aged 40-50 years. The multivariate analysis shows: A strong Type A behavior-Job-Stress relationship; An important relationship between employment grade, educational attainment and--to a lesser extent--, marital status and, overall Type A behavior, Speed and Impatience and Job-Involvement, A weak relationship between cholesterol and triglycerides (not found in univariate analysis), and, overall Type A behavior; a small weak relationship between smoking habits, and, Speed and Impatience and Hard-Driving. A direct relationship between heavy physical activity during leisure-time and Job-Involvement. PMID- 6679569 TI - The impact of psychological distress on the control of hypertension. AB - Previous research has yielded inconsistent results in the control of essential hypertension. One explanation for response to drug or behavioral therapy may be the patient's psychological status upon entering treatment. Thirty-five borderline hypertensive males entered into a self-management program with biofeedback and cognitive restructuring components. The SCL-90 (Symptom Checklist 90) and the Holmes' Schedule of Recent Events were used to determine if responders and nonresponders could be distinguished prior to treatment on the basis of psychological status. Patients whose hypertension was resistant to treatment (diastolic greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg) reported significantly greater levels of psychological distress and greater life changes than did controlled patients. Pretreatment differences could not be explained by compliance or expectation of success. This study suggests that a relationship exists between psychological distress, life changes and the subsequent control of hypertension; this has implications for treatment selection and design for psychologically distressed individuals. PMID- 6679570 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in orthopaedics: principles and applications. PMID- 6679571 TI - Synovial factors and chondrocyte-mediated breakdown of cartilage: inhibition by hydrocortisone. AB - Cartilage-synovium interactions were explored in a model culture system. Bovine nasal-cartilage discs were cocultured with minced rheumatoid synovium or synovium conditioned media (SCM) in the presence or absence of hydrocortisone. Cartilage breakdown was assessed by the release of proteoglycan (PG) and hydroxyproline, and matrix biosynthesis by [35S]sulfate incorporation during pulse labeling. Chondrocyte-dependent breakdown in response to synovial factors (i.e., "catabolin" activity) was assessed by the difference in PG release between living and dead cartilages. Short-term contact with minced synovial membrane or exposure to its products released at a distance was sufficient to induce cartilage degradation in coculture; continued exposure was not required for breakdown to persist. Conditioned media from short-term synovial culture were similarly potent, and the induced breakdown was chondrocyte dependent. Matrix biosynthesis was inhibited in exposed cartilage but could be rapidly restored to normal on synovium removal despite the persistence of cartilage breakdown. Early hydrocortisone treatment suppressed the initiation of cartilage breakdown in cocultures and largely abolished the appearance of inductive factors in SCM. Later applications had little effect either in cocultures or in catabolin assays. We conclude that synovium-induced breakdown is an early event and that chondrocyte catabolic mechanisms once they have been activated are sufficient to maintain breakdown at a high level. Hydrocortisone, as well as limiting proteolysis, inhibits early tissue interactions at the level of synovial catabolin production or release. PMID- 6679572 TI - Measurement of mechanical properties of ligament substance from a bone-ligament bone preparation. AB - This investigation presents a new approach in the measurement of the mechanical properties of the ligament substance from tensile testing of a bone-ligament-bone complex. Such basic information should be one of the necessary prerequisites in the evaluation of ligament repair as well as reconstruction by autogenous tissue grafts or artificial ligament implants. The use of a video system permits the determination of tensile strains of the mid-medial collateral ligaments from the canine, swine, and rabbit without mechanically interfering with the ligament deformation during testing. This methodology further eliminates the difficulties of measuring the initial length of the entire medial collateral ligament, as its insertions to bones are ambiguous and cover a large area. It was found that the strain of the ligament substance is consistently and considerably less than specific deformation of the bone-ligament-bone complex. These data suggest that the ligament-bone structure stretches nonuniformly with the highest deformation occurring near or at the ligament insertion sites to bone. Other interesting findings include the variation of tensile strains along the ligament substance for all animal species studied. PMID- 6679573 TI - The origin of stress-generated potentials in fluid-saturated bone. AB - The objective of this study was to determine the origin of stress-generated potentials (SGPs) in fluid-saturated bone. Stress-generated potentials were studied as a function of the conductivity, NaCl concentration, and viscosity of the fluid contained within cortical human and bovine bone. Bone samples were soaked in solutions in which NaCl and sucrose concentrations were systematically varied. Macroscopic SGPs and their relaxation times were measured as a function of these properties. Stress-generated potentials were also measured as a function of conductivity and NaCl concentration by using a microelectrode. The results of this study confirmed that the properties of the fluid in bone have a great influence on the magnitude and time dependence of the SGP. Especially notable was the observation that solutions of high NaCl concentration consistently reversed the polarity of the SGP. These results are consistent with streaming potential theory. Although fluid-saturated bone may retain some piezoelectric properties, SGPs are predominantly caused by streaming potentials. PMID- 6679574 TI - In vivo growth plate stimulation in various capacitively coupled electrical fields. AB - The right proximal tibial growth plates of adolescent New Zealand white rabbits were stimulated with various capacitively coupled electrical fields. Capacitor plates attached to plastic jigs placed over the proximal tibiae were connected to function generators which supplied sine wave signals of 60 kHz frequency and various voltages (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 V peak-to-peak). At 0 h and at 48 h, each animal was labeled with intravenously injected oxytetracycline. For the next 48 h, each right proximal tibial growth plate was stimulated with one of the above electrical signals. At the end of the 48 h of stimulation, the animals were sacrificed, and the tibiae were excised; histological sections of the proximal growth plate in each tibia were made, and the distance the labels moved away from the bone-cartilage junction down into the metaphysis was measured under fluorescent microscopy. Results indicate that the rabbit growth plate can be consistently stimulated to statistically significant accelerated growth in a capacitively coupled electrical field. A dose-response effect was noted, with 5 V peak-to-peak exhibiting maximum growth acceleration. Thus, the application of the proper capacitively coupled electrical field significantly stimulated the rabbit growth plate at voltage and current levels that are safe for human use. PMID- 6679575 TI - Comparison of growth-induced resorption and denervation-induced resorption on the release of [3H]tetracycline, 45calcium, and [3H]collagen from whole bones of growing rats. AB - The major effect of immobilization during growth is a smaller bone mass induced by either an increased bone resorption or a decreased bone formation. Using a method of analyzing radioisotopic loss of [3H]tetracycline and [3H]collagen from bone prelabeled in vivo, we compared the amount of bone resorption due to immobilization with bone resorption induced by growth. One hind limb was denervated in growing male rats, 6 weeks of age, that had been chronically prelabeled with [3H]tetracycline, 45calcium, and [3H]proline. The total radioactivity of the whole femur and tibia/fibula from the denervated limb was compared with that from bones of the control limb at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after denervation. The effect of growth on bone formation was measured by net increases in bone length, volume, and mass of matrix and mineral. Experimental bones had a significantly smaller volume and mass. Bone resorption was much greater during growth modeling than during denervation. The additional bone resorption induced by denervation was a small fraction (one-fourth) of the resorption induced by growth. Denervation during growth resulted in less bone being formed due to a smaller gain in matrix and mineral mass as a result of a reduction in bone formation. PMID- 6679576 TI - Joint flexibilities in structurally normal girls and girls with idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Seven clinical measurements of joint flexibilities were made in 51 girls with untreated mild idiopathic scoliosis and 65 girls with structurally normal spines. Subject ages ranged from 10 to 16 years. Abilities to have the index finger passively extended, the wrist bent, and the elbow and the knee hyperextended, along with abilities to bend the trunk voluntarily forward and to the right and left sides, were measured. The girls with scoliosis in the mean either had the same flexibilities or were less flexible than the normal girls. The study provided no evidence that untreated mild idiopathic scoliosis occurs or progresses because of increased joint flexibilities. PMID- 6679577 TI - Comparison of mechanical work and metabolic energy consumption during normal gait. AB - The validity of using mechanical measures of work to indicate the metabolic energy consumption during normal gait was examined. These mechanical measures were (a) mechanical work done on the center of mass per kilogram body mass per second (Wcm), calculated by integration of ground reaction forces measured by force platforms; (b) total body segmental work per kilogram body mass per second (Wseg), calculated from individual body segment energies measured by motion analysis; and (c) the sum of the normalized absolute moment impulses per second acting on the joints of the lower extremities (M), calculated from both force and motion data. The metabolic energy consumption, determined by analysis of expired air, and the three mechanical measures of work were calculated for six normal subjects walking at five speeds. Each measure of mechanical work per second walked was highly correlated with metabolic energy consumption/kg X s (r = 0.89 for Wcm, r = 0.79 for Wseg, and r = 0.85 for M), but a poorer correlation was found between each measure of mechanical work per meter walked and net metabolic energy consumption/kg X m (r = 0.54 for Wcm, r = 0.28 for Wseg, and r = 0.03 for M). These mechanical parameters, particularly when measured per time, may be useful in comparing metabolic energy consumption between individuals or between different walking conditions for the same individual. PMID- 6679578 TI - Comparative cost of walking in young and old adults. AB - Normative data that summarize the energy requirements and gait characteristics of level outdoor walking were determined in 111 normal subjects between the ages of 20 and 80 years. Subjects were divided into two age groups: young adults (20-59 years) and senior subjects (60-80 years). The mean rate of oxygen consumption for young adults and senior subjects did not significantly differ, averaging 11.9 ml/kg-min for both groups. The data on heart rate paralleled the findings on oxygen consumption, averaging 100 and 103 beats/min, respectively. The net oxygen cost per meter walked for senior subjects, 0.16 ml/kg-m, was significantly greater (p less than 0.0005) than the value for young adults, 0.15 ml/kg-m, due to a decline in the average walking speed. The average gait velocity for senior subjects, 73 m/min, was statistically significantly less (p less than 0.0005) than the values for the younger adults, 80 m/min. PMID- 6679579 TI - Use of lumbar trunk muscles in isometric performance of mechanically complex standing tasks. AB - Ten subjects performed 25 tasks isometrically while standing. Those tasks imposed substantial extension, lateral bending, and twisting moments on the lumbar spine. Mechanically complex trunk muscle actions were called for to resist those moments. Biomechanical model analyses were used to predict the trunk muscle contraction forces needed to perform those tasks, and surface myoelectric activities were measured to validate those predictions. Predictions and measurements were linearly well correlated. PMID- 6679580 TI - Contrast bone cement. AB - The effects of adding 1.0 cc of aqueous methylene blue dye as a visual contrast agent to a standard 40 g pack of acrylic bone cement are determined. These cements are evaluated: Simplex P (Radiopaque), Zimmer Bone Cement, and Zimmer LVC Bone Cement. Seven tests were performed. Leach out is less than 2.0% and was undetectable after day 8. Biocompatibility using a rabbit model shows contrast and white cement to be equivalent. Tension, compression, and 3- and 4-point bending strengths are not significantly altered except for a slight increase in 4 point bending strength for contrast Zimmer (regular) bone cement. Dough, set, and working times are decreased by 30-150 s. The ASTM F451 intrusion standards are met for all three contrast cements. Viscosity increases more rapidly for contrast cement, but remains sufficiently low (less than 100 N-s/m2) early after mixing to allow good penetration into bone. Ease of removal and visualization of contrast cement are shown by revision of cemented femoral total hip components in synthetic and cadaver femurs and by debriding cement particles from a soft tissue background coated with blood. The use of contrast bone cement appears to be both safe and efficacious for use in initial and revision total joint replacements. Because of the decreased working times, its use is recommended only by experienced surgeons. PMID- 6679581 TI - Assay and characterization of ovarian testosterone receptor. AB - Ovarian cytosol from immature, hypophysectomized rats was used to characterize the biochemical properties of ovarian androgen receptor and to develop a reliable and convenient assay procedure for its measurement in small quantities of tissue. The results show that Sephadex G-25 columns provide a rapid and reliable method to separate bound from free testosterone for assay of androgen receptor in the ovarian tissue. The binding affinity (KD = 0.6 nM) and sedimentation value (8S) for the ovarian androgen receptor are similar to other steroid receptors and is saturable. It is inactivated by heat and protease digestion and the binding is specific for potent androgens. The ovary contains approximately equal quantities of androgen and estrogen receptor. A physiological role for the presence of androgen receptor in the ovarian tissue is proposed. PMID- 6679582 TI - Estrogen and progesterone receptors of human endometrial cells in vivo and in vitro: comparative results of radiochemical and histochemical assays. AB - Oncopathologists have been developing histochemical methods of sex steroid receptor determination, essential in therapy selection in breast cancer, based on the binding of labeled hormone to receptor. We have applied the fluorescent hormones available commercially from Lee to endometrium. Our purpose was to compare biochemical and histochemical results, both in fresh tissue and in endometrial tissue cultures. We wished to examine the ability of the technique to determine subcellular localization of hormone binding and to trace the hormone receptor pathway to the chromatin. Eleven fresh normal endometrial specimens, in culture for 3 months, were used for the determination of receptors. As a control we also used cells from 4 human carcinoma cell lines. In fresh tissue, histological patterns were similar to those described in breast cancer but there was little correlation with radiochemical values. In cultured cells also, there was no similarity between the two techniques. Morphologically the labeled hormone was unable to enter the living cell. After fixation it never got through the nuclear membranes. Moreover, the fluorescent cytoplasmic feature was fibrillar and reticular, which could evoke a non specific fixation on the cytoskeleton. We concluded that this molecule is not useful for subcellular localization of hormone-receptor complexes. PMID- 6679583 TI - Basic problems in evaluating the relationship between stress and disease by epidemiologic studies. PMID- 6679584 TI - A study of the characteristics of trace elements in the hair of Japanese; interrelationships and ratios of trace elements in hair. PMID- 6679585 TI - The natural course of gonarthritis. PMID- 6679586 TI - Studies on cell-mediated immune functions of patients with gynecologic tumors. Cytotoxic activity to human ovarian cancer cell lines and reactivity to phytohemagglutinin shown by lymphocytes. PMID- 6679587 TI - A study of the frequency of hepatocellular mitotic figures in human autopsy cases. PMID- 6679588 TI - Survey of neuromuscular disorders in Lebanon. I. Profile of the genetically determined muscular dystrophies. AB - The clinical and laboratory profiles of 130 cases of muscular dystrophy in Lebanon collected over 35 years (1947-1982) are presented. Data collection included hospital records; registries in the department of pathology, hospital laboratories, electron microscopy facility and electromyography laboratory; and records from a private hospital neurosurgical unit. The yield from each of these sources is presented. The data was fed into an Apple II computer and analyzed using thirty seven parameters. The results are discussed and compared with three other similar studies from India and America. PMID- 6679589 TI - Nitrous oxide and body air spaces. PMID- 6679590 TI - Maternal and fetal effects of continuous lumbar epidural analgesia for labour and delivery in pre-eclamptic patients. AB - The effects of continuous lumbar epidural analgesia for normal labour were studied in 28 women with pre-eclampsia and in 15 normal women who served as control. Maternal hemodynamics, acid-base and blood gas findings were examined. Newborn infants were assessed by Apgar Scores together with umbilical vein and artery blood gas and acid-base values. Mild significant reduction in maternal mean arterial blood pressure occurred in the pre-eclamptic patients which was corrected easily by intravenous crystalloid infusion. Maternal and newborn acid base and blood gas findings showed no significant changes between the pre eclamptic and control groups. Apgar Scores in both groups were good. The study indicates that continuous epidural analgesia is a useful form of therapy in the management of normal labour in women with pre-eclampsia. PMID- 6679591 TI - A study of certain personal details of adult Nigerian patients presenting for elective general surgery under anesthesia. AB - 500 adult Nigerian patients presenting for elective general surgery under anesthesia were studied with regard to age, sex, obesity, smoking and drinking habits and associated medical diseases. The results showed equal sex distribution with 60% of the patients in the 21-40 years age group. About 30% of the patients (predominantly females) were obese. Smoking and drinking habits were relatively low especially in the females. About 25% of the patients have associated medical disorders of which hypertension and anemia were the commonest. Chronic obstructive lung disease and atherosclerotic heart disease were relatively uncommon. Multiple drug therapy was not a problem in this series. PMID- 6679593 TI - An eye complication due to soda lime. PMID- 6679592 TI - Splenomegaly and iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 6679594 TI - Cardiovascular collapse following intercostal block with bupivacaine in a patient under general anesthesia. PMID- 6679595 TI - Elution tests for metals on household articles. PMID- 6679596 TI - Pneumonitis in guinea pigs sensitized to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene as an experiment of pulmonary hypersensitivity to simple chemical compounds or medicaments. PMID- 6679597 TI - Statistical evaluation on cases of the forensic autopsies and the judicial examination in the southern part of Osaka City. Report of 2000 legal examinations. PMID- 6679599 TI - [Nomenclature of vitamin D]. PMID- 6679598 TI - [Methods of preparation of P-32-labeled nucleosidetriphosphates in alpha and gamma position]. PMID- 6679600 TI - The least restrictive alternative: more about less. PMID- 6679602 TI - The older person's response to therapy. A. The in-hospital therapeutic community. PMID- 6679601 TI - The place, if any, of the mental hospital in the community mental health care system. AB - We have touched on the nature of mental disorders in the elderly, the systems of care now in use, described briefly some models of good programs and highlighted some of the defects in the health care delivery system. Patients over 65 comprise 4% of the admissions to community mental health centers, 4% of those admitted to outpatient departments, 5% of admissions to state and county mental hospitals (28% of the resident population), 7% of admissions to general hospitals and 10% of private hospitals admissions (U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1980). Private and public mental hospitals have a positive role to play in the care of mental disorders in patients over 65 in the decade of the 1980s. Private mental hospitals provide geriatric programs for the acute disorders as well as the chronic. Mental hospitals provide a needed back-up function for community agencies and other institutions. They also provide care for patients with severe chronic psychoses, who are too disturbed for community placement. These are usually patients who have grown old in the institution. The hospitals care for remitting illness in patients who prefer to return for treatment with staff familiar with their therapy. The mental hospital also can provide 24-hour care for patients for whom day treatment does not suffice and for respite episodes also. The mental hospital is currently needed, and this need will continue throughout the decade of the 1980s, until community alternatives are in place and have proven able to care for all types of illness without a back-up facility, and demonstrations have proven such programs are economically feasible. PMID- 6679603 TI - Psychogeriatric program in a public housing setting. PMID- 6679605 TI - The Veterans Administration community care setting. PMID- 6679604 TI - Risk taking in the residential community setting. A. Community living arrangements as part of the hospital program. PMID- 6679606 TI - Residential integration of mentally able and elderly mentally ill patient. PMID- 6679608 TI - Next steps for the elderly deinstitutionalized patient. PMID- 6679607 TI - Who will fend for the chronically mentally ill in the community? PMID- 6679610 TI - [Ultrastructural analysis of milk fat globule membranes of colostrum and human milk]. AB - Lacteous fat globules with their membranes from human milk and calostrum were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The first appear as spheroidal structures with some irregularities on the surface. Under the transmission electron microscope these irregularities are composed of islets from a material morphologically similar to cytoplasm, and with structures that resemble a fragment of rugose endoplasmic reticulum. The membranes in specimens fixed immediately after secretion are tri-layered, similar in appearance to those of a single membrane, but in samples fixed between two and four hours after secretion the details are unclear. Through freeze-etching, the laminar aspect of the fat globules is observed. PMID- 6679609 TI - A special population. The elderly deinstitutionalized chronically mentally ill patient. AB - Deinstitutionalization began with some noble sentiments: to treat and care for the mentally ill in settings that were closer to their homes, families, and neighborhoods; to treat people in more therapeutic and less restrictive settings; and to provide the array of services and settings in the community rather than in far distant institutions. However, few of these intentions have been realized. It is up to us to point out the discrimination, the inequity, indeed the insanity of our current practices and non-system. PMID- 6679611 TI - [Dermatoglyphics in 2 Guaymi Indian populations of Costa Rica]. AB - Twenty-three palmar and digital dermatogliphic characters were examined in two Guaymi Amerindian populations, Abrojo and Limoncito, in southeastern Costa Rica. Dermatogliphs were analyzed in relation to sex, bilaterality or assymetry and differences in pattern frequencies between localities. The sample included 134 males and 127 females in two groups, according to their ethnic and linguistic origin: Western Guaymi (Movere), from Limoncito and Abrojo, and Eastern Guaymi (Murire or Buglere) from Limoncito. When compared with other Amerindian groups, the Guaymi presented a very low finger pattern average, as well a low total ridge count. The Movere subgroup, showed similarities among different patterns both in Limoncito and Abrojo. However there are significant differences between the Murire and Movere groups in relation to the ridge count (ab; bc), atd angle; frequency of designs at the interdigital zone 4; bilaterality; and sex. The results obtained confirm the existence of a marked evolutionary divergence between the two groups. PMID- 6679613 TI - A simple method for the measurement of the hemolytic power of crude snake venoms. PMID- 6679612 TI - [Bacteriological study of bivalves of the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. II. State of the mollusk at the time of eating it]. AB - In a sanitary survey, nine taverns were chosen among those selling mollusk coctails, eaten raw, in the city of San Jose so as to represent three socio economic levels. Sixty-six samples of coctails were examined for total and fecal coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, and salmonellas. Only 7% of the samples proved to be within the accepted limits for human consumption. No correlation was found between sample origin and its bacteriologically determined quality. PMID- 6679614 TI - Influence of VDT (visual display terminals) work on eye accommodation. AB - Visual display terminals (VDT) are popular in offices. Many VDT operators have complained about eye-function impairment. Experiments using an accommodo polyrecorder and an infrared optometer showed that visual tasks in VDT work might induce temporary effects in the visual accommodation system; prolonged the near point distance and the contraction time of accommodation and increased the low frequency component of the small fluctuation of accommodation after VDT work. The inhibition of accommodation caused by VDT work was more severe than that caused by the conventional hard-copy work, and changes in the accommodative function were found with statistical significance in the smaller-size character group but tended to deteriorate in the larger-size character group. The inhibition was more evident in the elderly and middle age groups than in the young age group. The inhibition of accommodation by VDT work might be inhibited by administration of methylcobalamin. PMID- 6679615 TI - Life and death. AB - In contrast with the other lectures given in the course on humanics and bioethics at the UOEH, which address the questions of life and death from the standpoint of the physician or the philosopher, this lecture considers these issues as seen by the cancer patient who has had a close encounter with death. The attitudes of Americans concerning abortion, the use of life-support systems, "mercy killings", suicide and the use of cancer chemotherapy are discussed with particular emphasis on restraints imposed by the courts, the churches and the family systems. An attempt is made to contrast the American and Japanese attitudes on these questions but this is difficult because of different cultural and religious backgrounds. The author describes his own experiences as a cancer patient who has approached death very closely and the changes in his own attitude toward life which results from the encounter with death. He also talks about the joy of being alive and describes his own experience with receiving cancer chemotherapy, the resulting discomfort and inconveniences and his feelings about a "tolerable" existence. Finally, the author considers the question of the "quality of life" for the cancer patient who has a violent reaction to certain forms of chemotherapy. This is a dilemma for the patient and the doctor who must consider the choice between death and a miserable existence. PMID- 6679616 TI - Preferential recognition of DNA by dimeric RNA polymerase II. An electron microscopic study. AB - The forms of purified rat liver RNA polymerase II and their functions were analyzed by an electron microscopy. The author found that highly purified RNA polymerase II showed the following distinct two forms; dimeric and monomeric forms. Furthermore, the preferential binding to promotors of lambda dvl template by dimeric enzyme forms was observed. Finally, the role of dimeric RNA polymerase II on DNA template recognition was discussed. PMID- 6679617 TI - Indications of an increase of occupational pleural mesothelioma in Japan. AB - In order to obtain an epidemiological picture of occupational pleural malignant mesotheliomas in Japan, the author surveyed the Annual of Pathological Autopsy Cases (published by the Japanese Pathological Society) from 1974 through 1980. Two hundred and twenty-two malignant mesotheliomas (0.114% of all autopsy cases) were found in that period. One hundred and forty-five cases (0.074%) of them were of pleural origin. Until 1977, there were no pleural malignant mesotheliomas associated with asbestosis, but there were one in 1978, three in 1979 and two in 1980. Two of them were housewives and the others were a ship builder, a welder, a ceramist and a steel factory worker. Two lived in Sakae City, and the others in Kure City, Kaizuka City, Nagasaki City and Kanagawa Prefecture, where large shipyards are located. Compared to the Western countries, there is a time lag of 10 to 20 years in the increase of consumption of asbestos in Japan, where the increase has occurred rapidly after World War II. The epidemiological picture obtained by this study clearly states that the number of occupational pleural malignant mesotheliomas began to increase in the past few years in Japan. PMID- 6679618 TI - Fragility of red blood cells under 31 atmosphere absolute for 14 days. AB - The present investigation was undertaken during the course of a 14-day dry saturation dive at 31 ATA to study hematologic changes and osmotic fragility of red blood cells in relation to lipid contents of the plasma and red cells. Increase in the hematocrit and blood cell count was observed in the early phase at 31 ATA, which was attributed to the hemoconcentration caused by the hyperbaric diuresis. Osmotic fragility of red blood cells fluctuated during the course of the experiment, but the change was not related to the atmospheric pressure. Cholesterol and phospholipid contents in red blood cells and the plasma also fluctuated but the change was not caused by the pressure. However, an overall correlation between the osmotic fragility and the phosphatidyl choline of red cells and the correlation between the osmotic fragility and the total cholesterol level in the plasma were observed at both 1 and 31 ATA. These correlations revealed an intimate relation between the red cell fragility and lipid composition of the cell membrane and the plasma within intra- and interindividual variations during the course of the dive. The present result did not indicate any significant alteration of red blood cell function due to prolonged exposure to 31 ATA He-O2 environment. PMID- 6679619 TI - [Anatomical quantification of the tibial part of the plantar aponeurosis]. AB - The metrical analysis of the anatomical characteristics is important because of its objectiveness. As it is concerned with the organs belonging to the locomotor system, the metrical method of the bones has already been systematized by Martin (1928), whereas the same kind of method for use on other organs remains undeveloped. The author aims to establish the metrical method of the plantar aponeurosis. The method for measuring the tibial part of the aponeurosis developed in this paper is sufficiently applicable for obtaining its principal anatomical characteristics. The results show that the tibial portion of the plantar aponeurosis becomes statistically significantly wider and thinner in its anterior part, and that the thickness of the tibial portion of the aponeurosis in the anterior part is larger on the right side than on the left side. PMID- 6679620 TI - [Variation of the fibular part of the plantar aponeurosis among present-day Japanese]. AB - The plantar aponeurosis consists of the tibial and fibular parts. It is already known that the form of the fibular part markedly varies according to individuals. However, there have been few anatomical observations on this variation and none have statistically analysed it. This paper is concerned with the variation of the fibular part of the aponeurosis. Observations were carried out by dissecting thirty-nine present-day Japanese cadavers. The variations observed were classified into four types according to the Loth's method. It was clarified by means of the Chi-square test that the percentage of the medial fibre bundle is significantly higher in present-day Japanese than in Europeans, that is up to 20.5%. It was also found that the top portion of the medial fibre bundle, if it exists, is the origin of a part of the transverse head of the adductor pollicis muscle and the flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle in some cases. PMID- 6679621 TI - [Medical man-power and community health care in the city of Kitakyushu. Physicians working in the social welfare institutions and administrations]. AB - In 1982, there are 196 physicians who belong to the Kitakyushu Medical Association, working (full time or part time) in 244 social welfare institutions and administrations. Several characteristics regarding their sexes, ages and main specialties were classified by district (Moji, Kokura, Wakamatsu, Yahata and Tobata) and by medical group (class A members: physicians paying full dues including those being employed--mainly in private practice, and class B members: physicians being employed--mainly in public, university or private hospitals). There were 24 members in Moji, 78 in Kokura, 20 in Wakamatsu, 55 in Yahata and 19 in Tobata; 173 members in class A (165 males and 8 females) and 23 in class B (all were males). Among their main specialties, internal medicine was the highest (121 members) followed by pediatrics (31), surgery (20), obstetrics and gynecology (9), orthopedics (6), psychiatry (6), otorhinolaryngology (3) and ophthalmology (1). 32.5 percent (113 members) of all specialists of internal medicine in class A and 47.5 percent (28 members) of all pediatricians in class A work in social welfare institutions and administrations. Among orthopedists or specialists of obstetrics and gynecology class B members were more than class A members. It was noted that the main specialties of 64.3 percent of 126 contract physicians in 158 Day Nurseries were internal medicine (81 members), but on the other hand specialists were needed in some specialized institutions and administrations. PMID- 6679622 TI - [The use of a heat flux transducer for measuring non-evaporative heat exchange in man]. AB - Ten healthy males, 20-45 years of age, were subjected to measure the non evaporative heat exchange by using thermal flux transducers at different ambient temperatures, atmospheric pressures, air velosities and body postures. Fifteen thermal flux transducers were mounted on each subject at the same points as Winslow's method (1936) proposed for calculating mean skin temperature. Non evaporative heat exchange (Q) was computed from 15 heat flux measurements using the same weighting formula of Winslow. Evaporative heat loss (E) was estimated from body weight changes measured on a Potter bed scale. Metabolic heat production (M) was estimated indirectly from the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Mean body temperature was estimated from mean skin temperature calculated from 15 points and the esophageal temperature. In a wide variation of environmental conditions the summation of body heat storage during the experiment equaled that of the heat that reduced E and Q from M. However, the transducer seemed to overestimate the non-evaporative heat exchange of the body at high ambient temperatures where sweat rate was very high. The above results suggest that thermal flux transducer is a reliable tool in estimating non evaporative heat exchange under a wide variation of environmental and physical conditions when used with great caution. PMID- 6679623 TI - A new therapeutic method for climacteric disorders. AB - At the present time the administration of an exogeneous estrogen for the treatment of climacteric disorders is generally accepted both in Japan and foreign countries. However, there have been several reports to show that estrogen will promote carcinogenecity. With special attention to this point, the author performed the endocrinological treatment without estrogen for climacteric disorders. The author would like to propose the reactivation method on functionally declining ovary by the approach of induction of ovulation. In this paper the author describes a successful case treated by the new method of hormone therapy. PMID- 6679624 TI - [Fatal Vibrio vulnificus infection in a patient with aplastic anemia]. AB - The patient was a 59-year-old man who had been in hospital suffering from aplastic anemia with transfusion hemosiderosis. Sudden onset of weakness, shaking chills and headache was observed after his staying out overnight on July 25, 1981. His temperature was 39.3 degrees C and he complained of abdominal pain and abdominal distension. His blood pressure dropped to a dangerous level and tonic convulsions that had begun in the upper body gradually extended to the whole body and he died 23 hours after his return. V. vulnificus was isolated by the blood culture performed before death. During his stay away from the hospital, he had eaten raw cuttlefish, which was considered to be the source of infection. V. vulnificus is one of the halophilic marine vibrios and is isolated frequently in summertime from the sea foods and sea water near Japan. It has been disclosed that the presence of underlying diseases such as liver cirrhosis, hemochromatosis can predispose a person to fatal sepsis by V. vulnificus. In this case, besides leukocytopenia, the presence of hemosiderosis induced by many transfusions was considered to be a major cause leading to the fulminating course of the disease. PMID- 6679625 TI - The nature of life and the nature of death. AB - Life is defined as a "condition" that distinguishes animals and plants from inorganic materials and dead organisms. Life is comprised of processes and is a maintained state. The most sophisticated form of life is man and our though focuses upon the nature of the life and death of man. Man demonstrates three lives or aspects of life: Life of the body--the physical, life of the mind and life of the spirit. Physical life is basic existence; the mind contributes effectiveness and scope; the spiritual entity contributes maximum living. Physiology: The existence of life physical is demonstrated by the presence of functions. Living tissues and organisms exhibit: Irritability: the ability to be excited or detect stimuli and to respond thereto; Growth and reproduction: this consists of the power of multiplication and duplication, regeneration and differentiation; Adaptability: permitting both change and maintenance of balances (homeostasis); and finally and most characteristic of all is Metabolism: the transformation of energy and the use of materials. These properties, however, can be retained for a while by tissues after death of the organism so there is another mystery of life which we understand only in part. Life consists of structure and processes operating under integrative control. This integrative power is the secret we do not understand--we know it confers all the life properties, the continuous flow of processes related to the organism's need for survival. Death is failure not so much of process but of integrative drive and coordination--but, of course, structure and process can fail too, destroying integrated activity. The total organism is under integrative control by brain and mind, the autonomic nervous system and by the neuroendocrine-endocrine complex, all acting in unison. These physical processes contribute to the existence of the life of the mind and spirit and are in turn powerfully affected by intellect and morale. However, we do not understand the driving force which converts inorganic matter, organizes it and then propels it into life. Life seems to be only a continuation of a heritage--life creating life. Philosophy: The life of the mind requires acquisition of knowledge, curiosity, cultivation of the power to reason, use of thought and contemplation, all under discipline. True life of the mind may not exist and may cease to be even though physical existence may be present. Somewhat the same can be said of the life of the spirit; it also is not automatically genetically granted in completed form.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6679626 TI - Screening for carcinogens by DNA-synthesis inhibition test using mouse L-cells. AB - Bacterial test systems for potential carcinogens sometimes give false negative results. To overcome this problem, several short term test systems have been described. One of them is the DNA-synthesis inhibition test described by Painter (1977). Our DNA-synthesis inhibition test system using mouse L-cells gave positive results when monocrothaline, phenacetin and thioacetamide, which were negative in the Ames test, were tested. PMID- 6679627 TI - Cysts of the oral mucosa in newborns: a clinical observation. AB - Nodules or cysts of the oral mucosa occurred with an incidence of 88.7 per cent in 541 Japanese newborn infants. No infant was over 8 days old. This incidence is higher than that reported in Caucasian and Negro newborns. It may be suggested that the frequency of visible nodules have a close relation to growth and development in the fetal life, because the cysts seen in newborns can be recognized histologically in most fetuses, as demonstrated in other papers. Although a variety of terminology for these nodules have been used, these oral cysts can be classified as follows: gingival cyst in the newborn (dental lamina cyst) and median palatal mucosal cyst (Epstein's pearl). PMID- 6679628 TI - The present state of ergonomics in Japan. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the state of ergonomics teaching in Japan and the research interests of those concerned with this teaching. The name "Ergonomics" became well known between 1965 and 1969. Most Japanese researchers in ergonomics came from an engineering background and most teaching and research were carried out at Departments of Industrial Management. The next largest group of researchers came from Departments of Psychology, but in their teaching or research they were not necessarily carrying out research in ergonomics in those departments even though many of them were conducting ergonomics projects before 1959. University courses in ergonomics were first launched in 1953; 1967 was a turning point, and they have rapidly become more popular since then. However, the courses of ergonomics are optional at the majority of universities, taught over a period of only one term at half of the universities and one year at the other half. Furthermore, there were very few experiments which were separate from the courses of the lectures. Most of the work of Japanese researchers is in the areas of "Man as a system component" and "Methods, techniques and equipment in ergonomics". These are also the main subjects of undergraduate and graduate theses and experiments. PMID- 6679629 TI - Is isoniazid-hepatotoxicity induced by the metabolite, hydrazine? AB - The effects of rifampicin (RMP) on isoniazid (INH) metabolism in rabbits were examined from the viewpoint of extensive hepatitis. After the RMP pretreatment, no remarkable changes were observed in the plasma levels of INH as well as its metabolites, acetylisoniazid (AcINH), acetylhydrazine (AcHz) and diacetylhydrazine (DAcHz) with the exception of hydrazine (Hz). After an oral administration of INH or Hz hydrate, the stochastic examination showed that the AUC0-8hr values of Hz plasma levels in RMP pretreated groups were significantly less than those in the control rabbits. RMP treatment was also shown to induce rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 activity. Histological studies demonstrated that Hz causes more remarkable hepatic necrosis in rabbits pretreated with RMP than in the control rabbits. These observations could suggest that Hz is a key intermediate of INH-hepatitis through the transformation of some hepatotoxic species by microsomal oxidation that is facilitated by RMP. PMID- 6679632 TI - [The applicability of pions to cancer radiotherapy. II. Theoretical analysis of the capture and absorption of pions in polymer]. AB - A theoretical analysis was attempted to give a remaining number of pi meson, N(X), as function of depth X in a target, lucite as model, under a beam of pi meson. Under the assumption of three different elementary processes, pi-e Rutherford scattering, pi-decay and pi-nucleus interaction, N (X) was theoretically evaluated. It was shown that the estimated stopped points of pi particles agreed well with the experimentally obtained data if the pi-e Rutherford scattering were the main cause of pi momentum reduction. Since the decay of pi meson is negligible in the reduction of pi meson, N (X) is mainly due to pi-nucleus reaction in the region of a small depth but it is due to pi-nucleus Rutherford scattering at a point less than 1.5 cm before the stopped point of pi. PMID- 6679630 TI - Temperature dependent release of cyanide from sodium nitroprusside. AB - The effect of temperature on the release of cyanide from sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a potent vasodilating drug, was studied in vitro. It was observed that higher temperatures accelerate the degradation rate of SNP and facilitate the formation of cyanmethemoglobin in blood. The results indicate that hypothermia which is often used in combination with SNP may reduce the incidence of cyanide toxicity by slowing the degradation of SNP. PMID- 6679633 TI - [Pre-verbality in focusing and the need for self check. An attempt at "focusing check"]. AB - Though the Focusing process is not entirely non-verbal, in Focusing, careful attention is paid by the Focuser and the Listener to the pre-verbal experiential process. In other words, Focusing involves attending to the felt sense that is not easily expressed in words immediately. Hence, during the process of learning to Focus, the Focusing teacher attempts to communicate the experiences of Focusing to the student which are not easily done by words. Due to such difficulties, the Focusing student may (and quite frequently does) mistake the experiential process in Focusing with other processes. Often, the felt sense can be confused with other phenomena such as "autogenic discharge". Also the Focuser may not stay with the felt sense and drift into "free association" or frequently, certain processes in "meditation" can be confused with Focusing. Therefore, there is a need for a "check" by which the Focusing student can confirm the Focusing experience for himself. For the Focusing student, such a "check" serves not only to confirm the Focusing process, but also an aid to learning Focusing. We will report here a "Focusing Check" which we developed by translating Eugene Gendlin's "Focusing Check" and making several modifications in it so that it will be more understandable to the Japanese. Along with the "Focusing Check" we developed, the authors discuss the need for such a check. PMID- 6679631 TI - [The applicability of pions to cancer radiotherapy. I. Experimental measurements of the capture and absorption of pions in polymer]. AB - A future application of negative pions to radiotherapy has arrived at a promising stage. Negative pions, in addition to their good localization characteristics, offer an advantage of favorably influencing biological factors because of differences in the quality of radiation given to a) the treatment volume and b) the intervening normal tissue. By utilizing dose fractionation, the low dose to intervening normal tissue with its low LET allows these tissues to recover better than cells in the treatment volume. In this study the lucite phantom was bombarded with 150 MeV/c and 173 MeV/c negative pions and 173 MeV/c positive pions, respectively, by using the 12 GeV proton synchrotron of the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (KEK). Range-energy relations in the lucite and the remaining curves of pions were observed. The observed range of pions in lucite agreed well with the theoretical prediction. The remaining curves show the different structures for pi+ and pi- mesons. Peak to plateau ratio is ten times. PMID- 6679634 TI - [Design of experiments and algebraic cycles]. AB - It is well-known that balanced incomplete block designs are closely connected with finite geometry. A block design can be obtained by identifying rational points of an algebraic variety with treatments. The number of GF(qs)-rational points follows from the theory of etale cohomologies. It is, however, difficult to give an explicit formula for the number. We shall discuss the number of the GF(qs)-rational points of the variety of non-isotropic subspaces. PMID- 6679635 TI - [Planning a health care delivery system and psychosomatic medicine]. AB - This paper describes why planning a health care delivery system which aims at appropriate distribution of health and medical resources, as well as making an effort toward its urgent realization, is necessary. The relationship between the practice of comprehensive medical care and the significance of primary care is also explained. In giving comprehensive medical health care for the whole person, the author considered the important role that psychosomatic medicine must play in dealing with previously reported cases, including the author's cases. Furthermore, concerning primary care and the universal practice of psychosomatic medicine, their real value is as a basis for planning a health care delivery system. Therefore, the primary purpose of this paper is to show that the systematic development of a health care delivery system is of the utmost importance. PMID- 6679636 TI - [Effect of heating on COHb% of the blood]. AB - The blood from burned cadavers heat-coagulates badly and COHb% at autopsy is expected to be lower than that at death. To study such an effect of heating on COHb% in the blood, we have carried out experiments on heating of dead bodies of CO intoxicated guinea pigs as well as that of blood containing COHb in vitro. Three high temperatures (300 degrees C, 500 degrees C, 700 degrees C) and five exposure times (5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30 min) were used to stimulate conditions of real fire. Supposing that the effect of heat can be expressed in terms of a product of heating temperature with exposure time, a relation between the product and CO liberation rate was examined. The release of CO is at most 20% of the CO initially present when the product is under 5,000 and the blood retains still fluid, whereas the release of CO is about 50% when the product is over 10,000 and the blood is clotted. It is difficult to adapt CO release from COHb observed in experiments on heating in vitro and in the dead body to the judgment of the causes of death of burnt corpses, but if taking into consideration the degree of burns of charred bodies and the degree of the heat coagulation of the blood, it is suggested that one is able to anticipate COHb% at death from the gas chromatographic measurement of COHb% at autopsy in medico-legal practice. PMID- 6679637 TI - [P-type silicon surface barrier detector used for X-ray dosimetry]. AB - Responses to X-rays of a P-type surface barrier detector fabricated in our laboratory were studied, taking into consideration the dependence on the temperature in order to examine its applicability to dosimetry of short-range radiation. The study was also made in the case of N-type surface barrier detector. At room temperature, the short-circuit current increased linearly with exposure dose rate (15-50 R/min) for N- and P-type detectors. The open-circuit voltage showed a nonlinear dependence. With increasing temperature, the short circuit current for the N-type detector was approximately constant up to 30 degrees C and then decreased, though the open-circuit voltage decreased linearly. For the P-type detector, both open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current decreased almost linearly with increasing temperature. While a P-type detector is still open to some improvements, these results indicate that it can be used as a dosimeter. PMID- 6679639 TI - [Recent progress in pain control. Report on an international symposium on pain held at Kyoto]. PMID- 6679638 TI - [Bone mineral measurement using beam scanner with a single source of 241Am]. AB - The feasibility of a bone mineral analyzer equipped with a single source of 241Am but with a specially designed water bath (Beam Scanner, Aloca Co. Ltd.) was evaluated both experimentally and clinically. The attenuation rate of 241Am gamma ray showed an exponential decrease with the increase of the thickness of the plaster plate containing CaSO4. Measurements of the test tubes filled with Ca(OH)2 demonstrated the measured mineral values to be in good correlation with the amount of Ca(OH)2. The coefficient of variation (C.V.) of bone mineral values obtained by measuring the phantom 20 times was 4.06%. Reproducibility tests performed in 10 normal persons after an interval of 8 months revealed a C.V. of 2.0%. Bone mineral values seemed to reach their peak in the 4th decade and thereafter gradually decreased with aging in normal persons. A marked decrease of the bone mineral value was observed in 5 cases of osteoporosis. We conclude that the bone mineral measurement using the above described method is practical and reliable. PMID- 6679640 TI - Some factors influencing readings of the birth weight. AB - For the purpose of assessing the accuracy of the reading of birth weight, delivery records of normal live births in O-public hospital (6627 cases from 1966 to 1975) and in A-private clinic (9080 cases from 1955 to 1974) are used. In distributions of the lowest digit, the lower two digits and the lower three digits of the birth weights noted in the records were analysed. Scale used in O hospital is a counter scale (capacity of 10 kg, minimum graduation of 1 g) and that used in A-clinic is a slanted dial spring scale (capacity of 10 kg, minimum graduation of 50 g). In both establishments the same scales were used consistently. In O-hospital the values having [0] or [5] at the lowest digit were 71.4%. In A-clinic the values having [00] or [50] at the lower two digits were 93.9%. In both establishments the rounding of the reading value were evidently recognized. When the differences of roundings by sex, parity, weight grade and years were tested, only in O-hospital did they gradually tend to increase significantly by years. The reading seems to be influenced by type, capacity and minimum graduation of a scale and criteria for reading the weight. The following were discussed: the reading of the weight of neonate was significant from the point of view of community health and the technical development of the scale appropriate for that purpose was important. PMID- 6679641 TI - Recognition of the ribosomal RNA structures by purified nucleolar RNA methyltransferase. AB - Previously we have isolated the specific RNA methyltransferase from the nucleoli of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The purified enzyme was found to be specific for methylation of C5 position of cytosine residue in ribosomal RNA in vitro (Obara, 1982b). In the present study, we have investigated the recognition mechanisms of RNA structure by this enzyme from the points of view of both primary and secondary structures. Analysis of in vitro methylation product by ribonuclease T1 digestion indicated the methylation-site(s) was limited to a certain number of nonanucleotide. The next experiments with either Sl nuclease or actinomycin D and ethidium bromide suggested that the enzyme modified only cytidine residue in or located close to the double stranded part of RNA. On the other hand, the characterization of analogues of cytidine residue in the RNA at molecular level showed that the methylation of rRNA was inhibited by either cytidine, CDP or CTP, but little inhibition was observed in the presence of cytosine, 5-methylcytidine and CMP. PMID- 6679642 TI - Spectral studies on the effect of a new steroidal anesthetic agent alphadione on rat hepatic microsomes. AB - Alphadione, a steroidal anesthetic formulation containing alphaxalone (3 alpha hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-11, 20-dione) and alphadolone acetate (21-acetoxy-3 alpha-hydoroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-11, 20-dione) in polyoxyethylated castor oil (Cremophor EL) owes its short duration of action to rapid metabolic transformation rather than the redistribution into the body fat. Treatment of rats with alphadione (1 ml/kg; intraperitoneal route) induced an increase in the cytochrome P-450 content of the liver. The difference spectra were obtained only when alphadione or alphaxalone was added to the liver microsomal suspension while neither alphadolone acetate nor Cremophor EL induced any spectral changes. The spectral dissociation constant (Ks) for alphaxalone was 2.5 X 10(-3) mM suggesting that hydroxylation of alphaxalone is a cytochrome P-450 dependent reaction. PMID- 6679643 TI - [A follow-up study on pulmonary functions of workers exposed to various forms of dust. Observation on the workers of pneumoconiosis in Kitakyushu]. AB - Serial spirograms of 121 dust workers whose chest X-rays were found to be "class 1" of the diagnostic criteria for pneumoconiosis were obtained during 1978-80. Yearly changes of pulmonary function variables (%VC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC%,V25/H, and V50/V25) by age, smoking habit, total years of exposure to dust, and work history were evaluated. The average age of the dust workers was 48.0 +/- 5.5 years, and the average years of exposure to dust was 21.6 +/- 6.8 years in 1978. Eighty-two dust workers smoked with the mean smoking history of 24.7 pack-years. No significant differences of spirograms were found between the smoking and non smoking groups. Among the smokers, however, linear regression of FEV1/FVC% by age gradually decreased during 1978-80. All the pulmonary function variables showed no correlation with smoking history as well as total years of dust exposure. All the dust workers were classified into eight types of work by their histories; crushing and quarrying operators, brick mason, foundry and grinding operators, asbestos workers, underground miners, refractory material workers, pyrites roasters, and welders. The underground miners showed lower FEV1/FVC% and V25 than the average. However, the difference of such pulmonary function variables by eight types of work was not significant by analysis of variance. Since aging is the most dominant factor for pulmonary dysfunction, a longer observation on this group will be needed. PMID- 6679644 TI - Experimental animal epilepsy. A new device for the induction of epileptic seizures in the murine, El mouse. AB - A new apparatus was constructed for the induction of seizures in El mouse carrying inheritable epileptic features. They were rotated vertically in a drum with a 15 cm radius at the rate of two rotations per second. This procedure was repeated once a week. At the beginning of the experiment, the seizures occurred on an average of 20 rotations per mouse. This markedly decreased to only two rotations, six weeks thereafter. The acceleration which was effective for the induction of seizures in the El mouse, calculated in this apparatus, was 2369 +/- 980 cm/sec2. A rodent, Mongolian gerbil was also briefly described, comparing the seizure patterns with the El mouse. PMID- 6679645 TI - Changes of the mean birth weight in frequency tables with various number of classes--by prefecture, health center and city-town-village. AB - When the mean birth weights (MBW) calculated from frequency tables are compared with each other, the methods for grouping data into class intervals should be taken into consideration. We integrated the lower and/or upper classes of the frequency tables belonging to the type used in the Vital Statistics of Japan with 500 g intervals and 10 classes (less than or equal to 999, 1000-1499,..., 4500 4999, 5000 less than or equal to) into neighboring classes, and observed the differences between both MBW and the standard deviations (SD) calculated from the original standard frequency tables (o method) and those from the above modified ones (a,..., h method) at three community levels, namely, prefectural, health center (HC) and city-town-village level. At the prefectural level, MBW changed from -2 to 3 g through all the modified methods and SD changed most at -5 g in a,..., d method. At the HC level, MBW changed from -3 to -6 g and SD changed most at -8 g in a,..., d method. At the city-town-village level, MBW and SD did not change in over 50% of the communities, but the degrees of change were large in some communities where MBW or SD changed. The changes were larger in the case of integrating the lowest class into a class of less than or equal to 1499 g than that of integrating the highest class into a class of 4500 less than or equal to. Also they were larger in the case of integrating the lower two classes into a class of less than or equal to 1999 g than that of integrating the upper two classes into a class of 4000 g less than or equal to. We concluded that 1) MBW from the frequency tables where the lower classes were integrated should be carefully dealt with, especially at the small community level, but 2) the differences of population means between any method were not statistically significant and 3) if MBW from different frequency tables are compared with each other, reasonable differences of MBW depending on the methods of grouping and the size of the number of live births should be taken into account. PMID- 6679646 TI - Theoretical expression of the mean birth weight and the standard deviation in frequency tables with various number of classes. AB - Using the birth weight frequency table with 500 g intervals and 10 classes (less than or equal to 999, 1000-1499,..., 4500-4999, 5000 less than or equal to) as a standard table (0 method) and creating 8 kinds of modified frequency tables (a,..., h method) by integrating the lower and/or upper classes in the standard table into neighboring classes, we assessed the differences of both the mean birth weights (MBW) and the standard deviations (SD) between 0 method and 8 kinds of methods (a,..., h method) from the aspect of frequencies belonging to the integrated classes. The equations expressing the differences of MBW were obtained as a function of relative frequencies belonging to the integrated classes. Although the differences of the variances can be exactly expressed as a function of three kinds of variates, namely the relative frequencies, the number of live births and MBW by the corresponding modified method (or 0 method), the differences of SD can be obtained only as approximations of the above function by adding SD by the corresponding modified method (or 0 method). Examining the degrees of approximations at the prefectural, the health center and the city-town village levels, we were able to recognize good approximation by simple forms with the relative frequencies and SD by the corresponding modified method (or 0 method). We pointed out that these formulas were useful for transforming MBW and SD by 0 method into those by the modified methods and for assessing the differences of MBW and SD. PMID- 6679647 TI - Factors influencing the determination of colloid osmotic pressure of plasma. AB - The present experiment was performed to examine the influence of pH and temperature of plasma samples on the determination of colloid osmotic pressure (COP). A linear increase in COP was observed when pH of the plasma increased. A significant linear correlation was also observed between COP and the temperature of the samples. The latter relation was explainable by van't Hoff's thermodynamic law, but the former could not always be interpreted by the Donnan's membrane equilibrium. These results suggested the importance of a correction for pH and temperature of the sample when the measurement was made in a condition different from pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. An equation to predict COP was derived empirically from samples with a wide range of the plasma protein concentration (C) obtained by diluting a pooled rat plasma without altering the albumin-to-globulin ratio (A/G). A possible error in calculating COP was tested in samples with various levels of A/G. There existed a discrepancy of COP by approximately 10% between the measured value and the calculated one even if A/G was identical to the level from which the equation was derived. The difference of the two values became larger when the difference between the A/G for the equation and that of the test sample was higher. From the above experiment we can conclude that a reliable value of COP can be obtained only by a direct measurement of COP. PMID- 6679648 TI - Ureterostomy in situ for ureteral splinting and temporary urine drainage. AB - Ureterostomy in situ is a simple technique for supravesical urinary diversion. Although it was described about 30 years ago, the method has yet to become popular. We employed mainly this method as ureteral splinting and as temporary urine drainage in 24 patients with ureteropelvic operation, and recommend it as a useful method for technical simplicity and other merits. PMID- 6679649 TI - Pulmonary deposition of a fly ash aerosol by inhalation. AB - Disease-free Wistar male rats were exposed to fly ash at an average concentration of 73 mg/m3 for 23 hours per day, 5 days per week for one month. The aerosols were characterized with respect to both physical and chemical properties. The exposed rats were sacrificed to measure the lung burden of fly ash. The lung burden of fly ash was estimated by the measurement of aluminium content in the lung, the average being 9.4 mg in exposed rats. The apparant deposition fraction was 1.8%. PMID- 6679650 TI - Nasal cancer mortality in areas with a high proportion of wood and furniture workers in Japan. AB - To see whether or not death from nasal cancer (ICD 160) increased in the areas where a proportion of woodworkers is high in Japan, two studies were carried out by examining standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of nasal cancer at a Health Center and in 10 cities selected as wood industry areas. No excess risk of nasal cancer with statistical significance was seen. It would be very difficult to conclude that there is a definite excess risk of nasal cancer among woodworkers in Japan. Further investigation is needed. PMID- 6679651 TI - [Electron microscopic study of an experimental contusion cataract of a Japanese monkey]. AB - The traumatic cataract was experimentally induced in the lens of a Japanese monkey and observed with the electron microscope. The purpose of this study was to shed some light on the origin of the cataract caused by various factors. The clinical examinations of the experimental animal showed the opacity of the posterior subcapsular cortex. Electronmicroscopic investigations revealed that lens fibers within the opaque region increased in number of mitochondrion, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles when compared with those in the clinically normal region of the lens. Furthermore, the intercellular space in the opaque region increased to such an extent that large extracellular vacuoles were formed. Many of these lens fibers became swollen and decreased the interdigitation. Some swollen cells showed sparse arrangement of their cytoplasmic filaments. These morphological changes showed an acceleration of water absorption of the lens fibers from a relatively early stage of the traumatic contusion cataract. The increase in number of mitochondrion in such swollen (hydropic) fibers may play an important role in this process. The present experiment suggests that the appearance of so-called hydropic cells is an initial change in the cataractous lens. PMID- 6679652 TI - [Air pollution survey in Kitakyushu district]. AB - Airborne particulate samples were collected on a glass fiber filter or quartz filter using Hi-volume air sampler from November, 1980 through February, 1983 at a west part of Yahata district, Japan. The concentrations of airborne particulates, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), heavy metals and dustfall were determined, and mutagenic activities of tarry materials obtained from suspended particulates were also measured. The following results were obtained. (1) The airborne particulate contents were 22.1 - 188 mg/1000 m3 (mean : 74.6 mg/1000 m3), and the values were high in spring and low in summer. (2) PAH contents in airborne particulates were in the following order: benzo(ghi)perylene greater than benzo(a)pyrene greater than benz(a)anthracene greater than chrysene greater than benzo(k)fluoranthene greater than pyrene greater than perylene. PAH contents were higher in winter that in summer. The benzo(a)pyrene contents were 1.97 micrograms/1000 m3 in 1981 and 1.92 micrograms/1000 m3 in 1982. (3) Heavy metals content was about 2.1 - 3.6 higher in winter in comparison with that in summer time. (4) Mutagenic activity showed 90 - 11900 revertants/1000 m3 for TA 98 strain with S-9 mix and 50 - 7190 revertants/1000 m3 for TA 98 strain without S-9 mix. Mutagenic activities for TA 98 with S-9 mix were higher than those for TA 98 without S-9 mix. (5) As a result of the analysis of airborne particulate samples, a significant correlation was observed between mutagenic activities and the concentrations of PAH and heavy metals. These results indicated that the mutagenic survey may be useful as an index for air pollution study. PMID- 6679653 TI - [Serum type III procollagen peptide in patients with pneumoconiosis]. AB - Early diagnosis of lung fibrosis has been hampered by the lack of a simple, convenient and specific method. Recently Rohde et al. developed an assay method for Type III procollagen peptide. Type III procollagen peptide, an extension peptide released during the biosynthesis of collagen Type III, has been known as a good marker for hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, we applied this assay to the patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung fibrosis in collagen disease and silicosis. And also we measured the serum level of the peptide in the healthy workers being exposed to silica. Normal value of the peptide in adults was 8.3 +/ 2.6 (mean +/- SD; n = 32) ng/ml. The upper value over mean + 2SD, 13.4 ng/ml, was regarded as abnormal value. Six patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and lung fibrosis in collagen disease showed a significant increased level of 19.0 +/- 9.6 ng/ml (P less than 0.02). Four of 6 patients had abnormal high values. On the other hand, the patients with silicosis had not so high levels of peptide (12.6 +/- 6.5 ng/ml; n = 24; P less than 0.01), but 25% of the patients showed abnormal values. There were 2 cases among 19 healthy workers being exposed to silica who revealed slight abnormal values, 15.6 and 16.7 ng/ml. These observations suggest that the assay has a prognostic value for lung fibrosis and also is useful for the early detection of active lung fibrosis in the workers, even though Type III procollagen biosynthesis is already low in the late stages of silicosis. PMID- 6679654 TI - [Postgraduate education of occupational health in U.K. and U.S.A]. AB - Postgraduate education systems for occupational health in U.K. and U.S.A. are explained through information obtained at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, The University of Birmingham and University of Manchester in U.K., and NIOSH, University of Cincinnati, and University of California at Irvine in U.S.A. The obtained reference materials will be helpful to us in establishing a postgraduate education system for occupational health in Japan. PMID- 6679655 TI - Causes of European emigration to the United States. A humanistic approach. AB - During the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century around thirty million people emigrated from Europe to the United States. Causes of these vast movements of people are explained in this paper. The three main causes were a rapid increase in population, class rule and economic modernization. Personal reasons are mentioned and discrimination against religious and ethnic minority groups are touched upon. Two inventions, the steamship and the railroad are referred to insofar as they helped the emigrants and were a cause of hardship for the poor people of Europe. Although causes of emigration fall under the heading of historical facts, they are considered in this paper as causes of suffering for the destitute of Europe who made up the largest number of emigrants to the United States. PMID- 6679657 TI - Occupational health in the United States. PMID- 6679656 TI - Overview and perspective of occupational health from the international viewpoint. AB - Occupational health can mean many different things, but fundamentally it is concerned with the effect of work on health and the effect of health on the capacity for work. Many disciplines are involved at the professional level, including medicine, nursing, hygiene, and ergonomics. These are brought together in an international organisation, the Permanent Commission and International Association on Occupational Health. Administratively the United Nations specialised agencies, the International Labour Organisation and the World Health Organization, provide an international forum for policy making. National patterns of occupational health reflect variations in industrial history, methods of administration and health resourses, which result in occupational health services becoming the responsibility, either of the Department of Health or the Department of Labour. PMID- 6679658 TI - [Trend of occupational medicine. Prospective studies of occupational diseases caused by harmful chemicals]. PMID- 6679659 TI - Organization of the Second UOEH International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Medicine. October 24-25,1982, the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan. PMID- 6679660 TI - Mortality from cancer and other causes among workers at a metal refinery. AB - Hidden cases of occupational lung cancer among males were revealed by a case control study in a town. The findings were confirmed by a prospective study on mortality among the employees of a metal refinery. It demonstrated not only a significantly increased mortality from lung cancer among copper smelters but also definite dose-response relationships between mortality from lung cancer and the degree of exposure. A very high excess mortality from lung cancer (0/E = 25.00) was observed among copper smelters who were considered to have been most heavily exposed to arsenic and/or other carcinogenic substances or workers who had been engaged in sintering and blast furnace operations for 15 years or more before 1949. The average latency period of lung cancer was 37.6 years, and unrelated to the level of exposure. Twenty-six of 29 deaths from lung cancer among copper smelters occurred after they had left the company. Other production workers and clerical workers showed no significant excess mortality from any kind of cancer. PMID- 6679661 TI - Discrepancy between epidemiological evidence and animal experimental result. AB - The tumorigenicity of arsenic trioxide was investigated in female Syrian Golden hamsters given 5.25 or 3.75 mg as arsenic in a total 15 intratracheal instillations once a week for 4 months. During observation of the entire life span, 5 pulmonary adenomas were manifested in 30 hamsters in the treated groups, while no pulmonary tumor was detected among 35 hamsters in the control groups. We concluded from this study that arsenic trioxide is tumorigenic to the lung of Syrian Golden hamsters but its tumorigenic potency is relatively weaker than other well known carcinogens. PMID- 6679664 TI - The relationship of airbone lead to blood lead in school children. PMID- 6679663 TI - Dipterex (Trichlorfon) poisoning. Clinical and pathological studies in human and monkeys. PMID- 6679665 TI - Epidemiological aspects of occupational lead poisoning. PMID- 6679662 TI - Epidemiologic approach to arsenic pollution. PMID- 6679666 TI - Overview of occupational epidemiology: issues/dilemmas. AB - Occupational epidemiology is an essential discipline in the practice of occupational medicine. Many issues/dilemmas that plague the success of the practice in this field such as absence of complete and integrated company records, loss-to-follow-up, use of records for a purpose other than that for which they were intended, variations in exposure with calendar time and arising from within plant movement, the broad ranges of response with their resultant advantages and disadvantages, the magnitude of the probability of response and its relationship to the size of the study population, have been discussed. The current approach to solving these many issues/dilemmas is by the development of health information systems that prospectively gather employee medical surveillance data, tracking of employee work history and exposure monitoring data and have the built-in ability to relate these data for health studies. Care needs to be taken to assure that comparable data are gathered at different geographic sites within a company and possibly across an industry so that small but real probabilities of response can be identified. PMID- 6679667 TI - Dose response of radiation induced cancer. PMID- 6679668 TI - Statistical methodologies of dose-response relationship in epidemiology. PMID- 6679669 TI - Effect of a second factor on a linear dose-response relationship. PMID- 6679670 TI - The clinician and epidemiology for cancer research. PMID- 6679671 TI - Studies in occupational epidemiology: the case for international collaboration. PMID- 6679672 TI - Uses of population-based cancer registration in occupational epidemiology: experience in Osaka. PMID- 6679673 TI - Cancer registration and occupational epidemiology. PMID- 6679674 TI - A mortality study of vinyl chloride workers in Japan. PMID- 6679675 TI - Epidemiology in occupational medicine. AB - Each of the research strategies employed in epidemiology has distinctive advantages and disadvantages related to costs, time required, sources of bias, kinds of risk assessments produced, and limitations on causal inference. Therefore each must be evaluated in the light of the needs and opportunities that characterize the disease problem addressed and the environment within which it occurs. Epidemiology has the major disadvantage that it requires illness and death as a base for research. However, many health and disease problems cannot be anticipated before illnesses have occurred, and epidemiological studies then represent the most efficient means of identifying hazardous substances and situations. Epidemiological analysis should be a routine responsibility of every major corporate medical department, including, at a minimum, a system of surveillance for morbidity and mortality that will draw attention to significant problems as they arise, so that more intensive research may be initiated and preventive measures taken as early as possible. Epidemiology should, therefore, be integrated with industrial hygiene, safety engineering, and toxicology as the bases of occupational health. PMID- 6679676 TI - Clinical and pathological aspects of lung cancer associated with asbestosis and other pneumoconiosis. PMID- 6679677 TI - Ultrastructural observation on the wall of fourth ventricular foramina following intraventricular blood infusion in the cat. A transmission and scanning electron microscopic study. PMID- 6679678 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of the eccrine ostia of mouse foot pads after application of antiperspirant. PMID- 6679679 TI - Sea blue histiocytosis associated with hyperlipoproteinemia type IIb. PMID- 6679681 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked potential in a case of severe carbon monoxide intoxication. PMID- 6679682 TI - [7th La Cuenca del Plata seminar of gastroenterology. Buenos Aires, 7-9 October 1982]. PMID- 6679680 TI - Long term effects of IUD on the human endometrium. Histologic, histochemical and ultrastructural studies. PMID- 6679683 TI - Intimal lesions of renal interlobular arteries with reference to age, chronic nephritis and arterial blood pressure. PMID- 6679684 TI - Effect of corneal embryonic homogenates on tissue cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 6679685 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide, Trenimon, somatotropin and Nerobolil of healing of experimental cutaneo-muscular wound. PMID- 6679686 TI - Immunogenicity of xenogenic collagen material sterilized by various methods. PMID- 6679687 TI - Erythrocyte deformability in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower limbs. PMID- 6679688 TI - Patterns of cardiovascular response in cold pressor test. Studied in healthy young men. PMID- 6679689 TI - Blood and urinary heparin and N-acetylneuraminic acid in children with urticaria pigmentosa. PMID- 6679690 TI - An experimental evaluation of the use of an ensemble average for the calculation of turbulence in pulsatile flow. AB - A comparison was made between turbulence calculated by subtracting an ensemble average from the instantaneous velocity and calculations made with a high pass digital filter. Velocity was measured with a laser Doppler anemometer in vitro in the region of a normal porcine aortic valve and in patients with a hot film anemometer in the region of normal aortic valves. From the velocity obtained in patients, the absolute turbulence intensity calculated using an ensemble average of 50 beats was nearly twice the turbulence intensity calculated using a digital filter. Individual beats sometimes showed differences of 150% compared to calculations based upon the use of a digital filter. Inspection showed that the ensemble average varied widely from the actual nonfluctuating velocity. Studies in vitro showed less beat to beat variation than occurred in patients. The absolute turbulence intensity measured in vitro, when calculated using an ensemble average, was only 20% greater than calculations using a digital filter. The differences were due primarily to beat-to-beat variations of the nonfluctuating velocity, but these beat-to-beat variations were less prominent than occurred in patients. These observations suggest that ensemble averaging may not be appropriate for the calculation of turbulence, particularly in patients. PMID- 6679691 TI - A simple model for simulation of oxygen transport in the microcirculation. AB - A mathematical model of deoxygenation of blood in the microcirculation is used to estimate the mass transfer resistance in the blood and to examine certain assumptions used in prior work on simulation of the microcirculation: the treatment of blood as a continuum and the use of a single-step reaction kinetics model. The erythrocytes are treated as cylindrical slugs which alternate with plasma gaps such that oxygen transport is by radial diffusion in the cell. The system of equations including reaction kinetics and oxyhemoglobin diffusion is solved numerically. The results are of direct applicability in estimation of oxygen concentration profiles in tissue. The results also indicate that the resistance to oxygen transport in the capillary (relative to that in the surrounding tissue) is much higher than predicted by the continuum approach used by most prior workers. The resistance in the capillary is a significant fraction of the overall resistance. Other results give quantitative estimates of the error incurred from use of a single-step kinetic model. PMID- 6679692 TI - An analysis of respiratory drive components during flow-resistive respiratory loading. AB - Inspiratory flow-resistive loading normally causes an additional respiratory drive that limits the resistance-induced decrease in minute ventilation (load compensation). Occlusion pressures (P100) were measured during CO2 rebreathing with and without added inspiratory loads in normal persons and persons with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). At each point obtained during loaded breathing, the additional drive due to resistive loading was determined by subtracting CO2 dependent drive (estimated from the nonloaded run) from total drive. In normal subjects, the additional drive correlated with each of four different estimates of load magnitude. In OSA subjects, there was no significant increase in drive due to loading and ventilation decreased markedly during loading. The relationships among ventilation rate, load, and drive, with and without load compensation, were analyzed using a 4-quadrant feedback control diagram. The diagram enables the prediction of ventilation rate for any end-tidal CO2 in the loaded and nonloaded cases, and the flow decrement that will occur as a result of added inspiratory resistance. PMID- 6679693 TI - Surface tension of animal cartilage as it relates to friction in joints. AB - Measurement of the surface tension of articular cartilage and friction experiments were carried out to provide further evidence in support of a new theory regarding the mechanism of friction in joints. To determine the surface tension of cartilage, contact angle measurements were used in conjunction with the equation of state for interfacial tensions. The advancing contact angle between saline drops and articular cartilage was found to be 100 degrees +/- 5 degrees, indicating a highly hydrophobic surface. The corresponding surface tension value was calculated to be 22.5 ergs/cm2. Friction of cartilage against hydrophobic surfaces is shown to be lower than the friction of cartilage against hydrophilic surfaces. All these results further support the theory that lubrication by nonwetting drops occurs in joints and may be responsible for the exceptional friction characteristics of the joints. PMID- 6679694 TI - Analysis of the linear under-agarose leukocyte chemotaxis assay. AB - Random and chemotactic movement of leukocytes appear to be key processes in the host inflammatory response. Abnormalities in leukocyte motility and chemosensory behavior have been implicated in a large number of pathological conditions, but there is no adequate quantitative understanding of these properties. In this paper we present an approach for determination of phenomenological cell motility and chemotaxis parameters, by analysis of a common leukocyte migration assay. Using data from a set of cell migration experiments reported in the literature, we show how to determine the value of the random motility coefficient and its dependence upon concentration of a tripeptide chemotactic attractant, as well as the value of the chemotaxis coefficient, assumed here to be independent of attractant concentration. These parameters can be used to improve quantitative understanding of the relationship between leukocyte motility and chemosensory behavior and effective functioning of the host inflammatory response. PMID- 6679695 TI - Measurement of regional myocardial perfusion using collimated miniature radiation detectors and the method of 133-xenon washout. AB - A new approach to the measurement of local myocardial perfusion based on the application of highly-collimated miniature cadmium telluride radiation detectors to measure washout of 133-Xenon from well-defined tissue volumes is presented. Single-hole collimators with length/diameter ratios of 1 (L = 4 mm, D = 4 mm) and 4 (L = 12 mm, D = 3 mm) were employed as prototype designs. The probe field of view was characterized theoretically using a spherical model of the myocardium in conjunction with experimental point source response measurements for each collimator. Method evaluation using two medium resolution collimators (L/D = 1) was effected by performing left main and circumflex coronary artery perfusion studies at controlled but variable flows in the dog heart. An excellent correlation (r greater than 0.99) between actual and estimated perfusion determined from 65 washout curves over the flow range 0.38 to 3.18 ml/min/gm was demonstrated. The ability to resolve regional flow differences was verified by measuring tracer washout from circumflex and left anterior descending regions of the myocardium, using two high resolution collimators (L/D = 4), in a preparation where the left main coronary artery was cannulated and a snare was placed around the circumflex coronary artery to selectively reduce flow to that region. PMID- 6679696 TI - Interaction of microporous glassy carbon and living tissue. AB - Preliminary animal implantation tests with rats showed that microporous glassy carbon has good biocompatibility. Microporous glassy carbon is also stable and suitable for a hard biocompatible implant. PMID- 6679697 TI - [Congenital cataracts: clinical study]. PMID- 6679698 TI - [Recent enucleation technics in melanoma of the choroid]. PMID- 6679699 TI - [Contact lenses in children]. PMID- 6679700 TI - [Multifocal eyeglasses: rules for prescription]. PMID- 6679701 TI - [Uveitis in children]. PMID- 6679702 TI - [Congenital cataracts. Treatment]. PMID- 6679703 TI - [Tumors of the orbit in children]. PMID- 6679704 TI - [Early detection of amblyopia]. PMID- 6679705 TI - [Ergonomics and ocular surgery]. PMID- 6679706 TI - [Ophthalmology and homeopathy]. PMID- 6679707 TI - [Congenital glaucoma]. PMID- 6679708 TI - [Mycotic keratitis and uveitis]. PMID- 6679709 TI - [Insulin pumps for insulin-dependent diabetics]. PMID- 6679710 TI - The effect of hydrogen ion on the steady-state multiplicity of substrate inhibited enzymatic reactions. II. Transient behavior. AB - In this paper we concentrate our attention on the stability and transient behavior of the isothermal system (CSTR) with a substrate-inhibited enzyme reaction producing hydrogen ions. Our investigation covers the region of multiple steady states uncovered previously (1) (ordinary hysteresis and isola). We investigate the local stability characteristics of the different steady states, the effect of the initial condition on the transient behavior and the response of the system to feed disturbances of various magnitudes and durations. PMID- 6679711 TI - Synthesis of S-(carboxymethyl)-D-cysteine by 3-chloro-D-alanine chloride-lyase of pseudomonas putida CR 1-1. AB - S-(Carboxymethyl)-D-cysteine, which is an important component of semisynthetic cephalosporin, MT-141, was enzymatically synthesized. S-(Ethoxy-carbonyl-methyl) D-cystein was synthesized from 3-chloro- D-alanine and ethyl thioglycolate by the beta-replacement reaction of 3-chloro-D-alanine chloride-lyase from Pseudomonas putida CR 1-1 and subsequently hydrolyzed by alkali. The synthesized S (carboxymethyl)-D-cysteine was isolated from a large scale reaction mixture and identified physicochemically. The reaction conditions for the synthesis of S (ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-D-cysteine were optimized using resting cells of P. putida CR 1-1. PMID- 6679713 TI - Cell culture on polymers prepared by radiation-induced grafting of various monomers. AB - The adhesion and growth of tissue cells on polymers prepared by radiation grafting was investigated. The apparent rates of initial attachment and growth of Chang liver and C6 cells were promoted on surfaces with increased wettability and with a heterogeneous structure for grafted polyvinyl fluoride film. The degree of cell attachment and growth on surfaces having a dense microblock structure, formed by grafting of methyl methacrylate in acetone solvent, was greater than that caused by other factors, such as wettability. PMID- 6679712 TI - Production of acetic acid by immobilized whole cells of Clostridium thermoaceticum. AB - Immobilized cells of Clostridium thermoaceticum for acetic acid production has been investigated. Using kappa-carrageenan gel as the immobilization-matrix, high cell concentration within the gel could be achieved and thus lead to high volumetric acetic acid productivity. Batch experiments using 3% gel showed that cell concentration up to 65 g (dry cell weight)/L gel could be achieved. These dry weight cell concentrations in the gel through immobilization are typically 10 15 times greater than what can be obtained in free-cell fermentations. The specific growth rate and acetic acid formation rate were similar to those observed for the free cells. Continuous culture experiments using a feed medium containing 20 g/L of glucose were performed where the reactor contained 50% by volume of the carrageenan gel and the pH was controlled at 6.9. Different steady states were acheived at dilution rates ranging from 0.061 to 0.399 h-1. Cells grew mainly near the surface of the gel and reached maximum concentration within the matrix of approximately 35 g/L. Dilution rates much greater than the maximum specific growth rate were obtained, which resulted in volumetric productivity up to 4.9 g/L-h. This value was significantly greater than that for the conventional continuous culture with free cells. Using a 40 g/L feed glucose concentration, steady states could be achieved between dilution rates of 0.12-0.4 h-1. The maximum productivity further increased to 6.9 g/L-h at a dilution rate of 0.37 h 1 and at an acetic acid concentration of 19 g/L. The cell concentration was 60 g (dry weight)/L gel at steady state. PMID- 6679715 TI - [Observations on the development of the plantar aponeurosis and the terminal tendon of the plantaris muscle in man]. PMID- 6679714 TI - A novel polyacrylamide-type support prepared by p-benzoquinone activation. AB - A new and simple method for the activation of polyacrylamide gels using p benzoquinone is described. The optimal conditions of activation have been elaborated. The activated support could be successfully applied to the immobilization of ligands having nucleophilic groups active over a broad pH range. PMID- 6679716 TI - The number of muscles and the skeletal median single muscles. PMID- 6679717 TI - The glycosaminoglycans in the human umbilical cord. PMID- 6679718 TI - Transmembrane gradient of K+ ions as an energy source in the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. AB - In the presence of 100 mM glucose antimycin A inhibits the respiration of the yeast S. carlsbergensis by 94%, but does not affect the K+ efflux, Mn2+ influx or the synthesis of high molecular weight polyphosphate (HPP). Therefore phosphorylation at the respiratory chain level is not involved in HPP synthesis or Mn2+ accumulation. Zn2+ similar to Mn2+ induces K+ efflux and HPP synthesis, while Co2+ and Ni2+ fail to produce these effects. The extracellular K+ (1-5 mM KCl) completely inhibits the HPP synthesis and reduces Mn2+ uptake by 40%. NaCl (60 mM) inhibits the HPP synthesis by 28%. Nigericin, candicidin and FCCP plus valinomycin completely prevent the HPP synthesis. The prolonged accumulation of Zn2+ and Mn2+ is accompanied by HPP conversion into low molecular weight polyphosphate (LPP). The HPP synthesis in response to the K+ efflux may be regarded as a specific regulatory mechanism, which increases the energy efficiency of yeast metabolism. PMID- 6679720 TI - Changes of ATP, polyphosphate and K+ contents in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis during uptake of Mn2+ and glucose. AB - The process of prolonged Mn2+ uptake by the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis in the presence of 100 mM glucose and in the absence of phosphate can be divided into two steps. The first step (0-20 min) of Mn2+ uptake (4.3 mumol/g of wet cells) is characterized by an intense K+ efflux (23.8 mumol/g), synthesis of high molecular weight polyphosphate (HPP) (8.1 mumol/g) and decrease of ATP content (0.06 mumol/g). Simultaneously about 0.6 mumol of glucose is taken up and the level of low molecular weight polyphosphate (LPP) remains practically unchanged. The second step (20-120 min) of Mn2+ uptake (15.6 mumol/g) is characterized by a drop in HPP (16.6 mumol/g) and the synthesis of LPP (19.0 mumol/g). The ATP content decreases by 0.87 mumol/g as compared to the control, while that of K+ increases (5.7 mumol/g). During the first step of Mn2+ uptake the energy of the K+ concentration gradient may be used both for Mn2+ influx (2K+: 1Mn2+) and synthesis of HPP (1P:1.9K+). During the second step the Mn2+ accumulation is apparently driven by HPP conversion into LPP (1:1) and by ATPases serving the Mn2+/H+ exchange. PMID- 6679719 TI - Hydroxyurea inhibits thymidine kinase activity in developing rat cerebellum. AB - Hydroxyurea when injected intraperitoneally into rats either as a single dose or as three consecutive daily doses, markedly inhibited thymidine kinase activity in cerebellum on 7th day. The inhibitory effect of the drug was found to be both dose and time dependent. The drug has however, failed to exert any inhibitory action when added to the reaction mixture in vitro. It is concluded that the well established inhibition on DNA synthesis by hydroxyurea may not be solely due to its action on ribonucleotide reductase (EC 1.17.4.1) but probably due to its interference at several other sites including thymidine kinase. PMID- 6679721 TI - Use of non-physiological buffer systems in the analysis of methotrexate transport in L1210 cells. AB - Methotrexate transport parameters have been compared in L1210 cells suspended in a series of HEPES buffer systems of varying ionic compositions. While no effect was observed on the Vmax for methotrexate influx, the Kt for half-maximal influx, the steady-state level of methotrexate, and the efflux rate each varied substantially and to an extent which could be correlated directly to the anionic composition of the external medium. Buffer composition also affected the membrane potential, the ATP level of the cells, and, in one instance, the cell volume, but these changes did not exert a significant effect on the transport process. These results suggest that the integrity of L1210 cells is not adversely affected by either the presence of HEPES in the suspending medium or by the absence of certain physiological ions, and, moreover, that methotrexate transport parameters measured under these conditions, although not necessarily indicative of the quantitative events that might occur in vivo, can nevertheless provide meaningful information on the properties and mechanism of this transport system. PMID- 6679722 TI - Amphibian oocytes respond to heat shock after the induction of meiotic maturation by hormones. AB - Exposure of Xenopus laevis oocytes to temperatures above 31 degrees causes a drastic decrease in protein synthesis and a relative increase of a heat shock protein (HSP) of approximate molecular weight of 68,000. A significant increase in the synthesis of HSP is observed after only 5 minutes incubation of oocytes at 35 degrees. Oocytes that have suffered heat shock immediately prior to treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin or progesterone can respond by undergoing meiotic maturation almost as efficiently as control cells. Also oocytes that are maturing and have gone through the breakdown of the nuclear membrane with concomitant chromosome condensation can synthesize HSP in response to heat shock treatment. These results support the idea that the synthesis of HSP in these cells is regulated at the post-transcriptional level. PMID- 6679723 TI - Detection of acyl-CoA beta-oxidation enzymes in peroxisomes (microperoxisomes) of mouse heart. AB - Homogenate of mouse heart was analyzed by using rate-dependent banding followed by density-dependent banding in sucrose density gradients held in zonal rotors. This protocol allowed substantial separation of myocardial microperoxisomes from other organelles. Particulate acyl-CoA oxidase activity was localized in microperoxisomes, while beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, carnitine acetyltransferase, carnitine octanoyltransferase and probably enoyl-CoA hydratase were partially localized in these organelles with most of the activity residing in the mitochondria. The specific activity of acyl-CoA oxidase in the peak microperoxisome fraction was at least 1/3 to 1/4 of that in highly purified renal or hepatic peroxisomes from mouse. PMID- 6679725 TI - Molecular species of diacylphosphatidylethanolamine in rat and mouse heart given the same diet. AB - Diacylphosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was isolated from mouse and rat heart given the same standard diet. The molecular species of PE were determined after conversion of PE into diglycerides by means of hydrolysis with phospholipase C, subsequent hydrolysis with pancreatic lipase and separation of the products by argentation TLC and capillary gaschromatography. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3) containing molecular species and arachidonic acid (20:4n6) containing molecular species represented the major fractions. A preference for stearic acid to combine with poly-unsaturated fatty acids was found. Despite an abundant presence of linoleic acid (18:2n6) in the diet, molecular species containing this fatty acid represented only a minor fraction. The possible physico-chemical and physiological meaning of the presence of molecular species containing many double bonds is discussed. PMID- 6679724 TI - Studies on in vitro formation of complexes between porphyrins and chloroquine. AB - Gel filtration and spectrophotometric studies revealed that uroporphyrin, heptacarboxylic-, and pentacarboxylic-porphyrins form in vitro complexes with chloroquine. PMID- 6679726 TI - gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid content in human kidney and placenta. AB - The presence of gamma-carboxyglutamate-containing proteins in human placenta and kidney has been examined. For the detection of these proteins gamma carboxyglutamate content of alkaline hydrolysates of tissue homogenates has been determined. gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid was identified by amino acid analysis of alkaline and acid hydrolysates. In kidney a gamma-carboxyglutamate content of 4 nmol/mg of protein has been found, however in placenta this amino acid was undetectable (less than 0.1 nmol/mg of protein). PMID- 6679728 TI - Leucine aminopeptidase from human urine. AB - L-Leucine aminopeptidase has been partially purified from human urine by DEAE Sephadex and CM-Sephadex chromatography followed by Sephadex G-150 filtration. The specificity toward various substrates, kinetic properties, metal activation and pH activity are reported. PMID- 6679727 TI - Kinetic properties of placental aminopeptidase A: N-terminal degradation of angiotensin II. AB - Purified placental aminopeptidase A cleaved N-terminal aspartic acid of Angiotensin II, and it was inhibited by amastatin. Amastatin and various angiotensin analogs having N-terminal dicarboxylic acid were potent inhibitors of the enzyme. Kinetic analysis indicated that amastatin, angiotensin II, the N terminal tripeptide of angiotensin II, and aspartic acid were competitive inhibitors, with Ki values 1.25 X 10(-7) M, 2.40 X 10(-5) M, 2.67 X 10(-4) M, and 1.2 X 10(-3)M respectively. The enzyme was also inhibited by transition metals, such as Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+. Serum aminopeptidase A activity progressively increased during the course of normal pregnancy. PMID- 6679729 TI - Stabilization of human prostatic acid phosphatase by cross-linking with diamines. AB - The acid phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.2] from human prostate gland is very unstable glycoprotein. To stabilize the enzyme cross-linking reaction with diamines was adopted. The carboxyl groups of the enzyme were activated with 1-ethyl-(3 dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide and then treated with diamines of H2N-(CH2)n NH2 type. The modified enzyme with 1,12-dodecamethylenediamine preserved about 80% of its original activity and showed enhanced thermostability. Gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the formation of cross-linked products with original molecular weight 100 KD and higher enzymatically active species. PMID- 6679730 TI - Lipolytic activity of crude or partially purified lipase of the mouse mammary gland at various substrate concentrations. AB - The lipolytic activity in crude extracts prepared from mouse mammary glands during lactation and pregnancy or that in extracts partially purified with anion exchange chromatography and ammonium sulfate precipitation depended on the ratio of the extract volume to the substrate amount in the assay emulsion. When the ratio was high, the fatty acid release ceased within a short time of incubation. In this case, the substrate concentration available for the lipase dropped. This decline was considered to occur due to the interaction of the substrate with some substance in the extracts. PMID- 6679731 TI - Acetyl CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyl transferase: partial purification from human liver. AB - The lysosomal enzyme acetyl CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) was shown to be an integral membrane protein requiring high concentrations of the detergent Triton X-100 for maximal solubilization. Using a concentration dependent Triton X-100 solubilization procedure and Concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography, GNAT was purified 50-fold with a yield of 45%. GNAT activity was separated from N-acetyltransferase activity toward glucosamine 6 phosphate, an alternative non-lysosomal pathway for glucosamine metabolism. GNAT was different from other lysosomal enzymes which bound to Concanavalin A Sepharose in that both alpha-methylmannoside and Triton X-100 were required for elution of enzyme activity. GNAT activity, which bound to Concanavalin A Sepharose, required at least one other component which did not bind for maximal expression of enzyme activity and for storage stability. Phospholipids and glycolipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingomyelin and gangliosides, and bovine serum albumin allowed expression of enzyme activity and storage stability similar to the component(s) which did not bind to Concanavalin A-Sepharose. PMID- 6679732 TI - On the oxalate stimulation of ATP-dependent calcium accumulation by smooth muscle subcellular membranes. AB - Subcellular distribution of azide-insensitive, ATP-dependent Ca -accumulation in the presence and absence of 5 mM oxalate by fractions isolated from several different types of smooth muscle were studied. Although oxalate stimulated the Ca -accumulation to various degrees depending upon the source of smooth muscle used, there was no clear association between the stimulatory effect of oxalate and the distribution of any of the enzyme activities used as markers for various membranes. The distribution of ATP-dependent Ca -accumulation in the absence of oxalate, on the other hand, correlates relatively well with that of the plasma membrane marker in spite of reduced total recovery of the Ca -accumulation compared to those of the protein content and membrane markers. However, a greater reduction in the total percent recovery of the ATP-dependent Ca accumulation by fraction from three different types of smooth muscle was consistently observed when carried out in the presence compared to the absence of oxalate. The discrepancy in the total percent recovery of the Ca -accumulation in the presence and absence of oxalate poses a major concern on the uses of oxalate stimulated, ATP-dependent Ca accumulations as a subcellular membrane marker. PMID- 6679733 TI - The precursor of mitochondrial pig heart aspartate aminotransferase: preliminary sequence data. AB - The precursor of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase from pig heart was synthesized in vitro, purified by immunoprecipitation and partially sequenced. The precursor is 24 amino acid residues longer than the mature protein. Methionine, leucine and isoleucine positions on the peptide extension were assigned. PMID- 6679734 TI - Amino acid sequence around the covalently-bound flavin prosthetic group of Corynebacterium sarcosine oxidase. AB - A flavin peptide from Corynebacterium sarcosine oxidase was obtained by proteolytic digestion with trypsin and chymotrypsin, and purified by the method of Kenney et al. (1). Amino acid analyses of the flavin peptide gave the following results: Asx(1), Ala(1), Val(1), and His(1) per flavin group. By carboxypeptidase A digestion and partial acid hydrolysis, the structure of the flavin peptide was determined as (Formula: see text). PMID- 6679735 TI - Changes in chromatin structure during rat liver regeneration as demonstrated by thermal melting analyses. AB - Chromatin was isolated from regenerating rat livers at different times after 2/3 hepatectomy and enriched with respect to active sequences. Thermal melting analyses of the material resulted in profiles reflecting the specific structural organization of the chromatin during different phases of the regeneration process: The high transcriptional activity of the chromatin 1, 16, and 36 hours after hepatectomy is demonstrated by a high proportion of DNA-protein complexes melting between 80 degrees C and 85 degrees C, while the period of active DNA synthesis 24 hours after hepatectomy is reflected by high amounts of components with Tm around 90 degrees C. PMID- 6679736 TI - On the role of guanyl nucleotides in adenylate cyclase system of embryonic skeletal muscle. AB - The effects of guanyl nucleotides on the catalytic and catecholamine-stimulated activities of adenylate cyclase in developing chick skeletal muscles were studied. GTP and guanylyl imidodiphosphate stimulate the cyclase catalytic activity already at the early embryonic stages without having potentiating influence on the catecholamine-stimulated activity in embryonic muscle. In a distinct and regular form this effect can be observed only after hatching. Therefore during embryogenesis the coupling function of the GTP-binding component of adenylate cyclase system characteristic of its mature state is not manifested. The effects of the nucleotide suggest that they occur as two independent processes. PMID- 6679737 TI - Cellular location of N-acetyltransfer activities toward glucosamine and glucosamine-6-phosphate in cultured human skin fibroblasts. AB - The intracellular location in normal human cultured skin fibroblasts of the N acetyltransferase activities that transfer the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the 2-amino group of glucosamine and glucosamine-6-phosphate have been investigated. Organelles have been separated using a combination of differential centrifugation and free flow electrophoresis. The intracellular distribution of the enzyme involved in the N-acetyltransfer to glucosamine and an alpha glucosaminide disaccharide indicated that this enzyme activity concentrates mainly with lysosomal organelles whereas the activity associated with N acetyltransferase to glucosamine-6-phosphate is non-lysosomal. It is proposed that acetyl-CoA: alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase may be used as a convenient enzyme marker of lysosomal organelle membranes. PMID- 6679738 TI - Characterization of the 42-S nucleoprotein particles of Cyprinus carpio oocytes. AB - Previtellogenic oocytes of the fish Cyprinus carpio contain 42S nucleoprotein particles that are composed of two proteins of molecular weights 48,500 and 39,300 (molar ratio 2:1), tRNA and 5S RNA (molar ratio 3:1). The tRNA population embodied in the 42S particle contains all amino acid acceptor species but their distribution differs from that found in tRNA from mature oocytes. PMID- 6679739 TI - The substrate-mediated inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component of the pigeon breast muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. AB - Incubation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component isolated from the pigeon breast muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex with Mg2+, thiamine pyrophosphate and low concentrations of pyruvic acid in the absence of electron acceptors results in irreversible time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme. The rate of the enzyme inactivation is markedly decreased in the presence of high concentrations of pyruvate; in this case acetoin and acetolactate are detected in the reaction mixture. The enzyme activity is stabilized when the artificial electron acceptor, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, is present in the reaction mixture. The substrate-mediated inactivation of the enzyme is accompanied by incorporation of the 2-[14C]-substrate fragment and labelled thiamine pyrophosphate into the protein fraction. The enzyme reactivation by neutral hydroxylamine and the protective effect of dithiothreitol suggest that the SH group(s) may be involved in the substrate-mediated inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6679740 TI - Dimers of porcine skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase produced by limited proteolysis during reassociation are enzymatically active in the presence of stabilizing salt. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase from pig skeletal muscle is known to be a "dimer of dimers" stabilized in its tetrameric state by an N-terminal sequence of 20 aminoacid residues. Limited proteolysis of dimeric intermediates of association with thermolysin prevents association of the enzyme to its tetrameric structure. The resulting stable "dimers" are still capable of binding to a Procion Green dinucleotide affinity column. This may indicate that the dimeric intermediates contain the dinucleotide fold of the native enzyme. Since this structural feature is preserved after thermolysin treatment, affinity chromatography may be applied to separate the "dimer" on a preparative scale. Endgroup analysis and peptide mapping of the proteolytic dimer indicates that the reaction product consists of intact chains lacking the "N-terminal arm", apart from "nicked subunits" with fragments of 18 000 and 12 000 molecular weight. According to its hydrodynamic and conformational characteristics (sedimentation velocity and circular dichroism), the "dimer" does not differ significantly from the native enzyme in the backbone structure of its subunits. Its sedimentation properties resemble those of other dimeric dehydrogenases. The spectral data are similar to those observed for the dimeric intermediates that form during reconstitution after acid denaturation. Under standard test conditions, the proteolytic "dimer" (as well as the dimeric intermediate on the pathway of folding) do not show enzymatic activity. However, in the presence of "structure-making ions" like 2 M ammonium sulfate, about 40% of the native catalytic function is restored in the dimeric state. As shown by activity transport measurements in the ultracentrifuge, both the native tetramer and the proteolytic "dimer" maintain their quaternary structure in this solvent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6679741 TI - DNA-binding domain in adenovirus core protein VII. AB - Major core protein, VII of adenovirus type 2 can be cleaved with BrCN into four fragments A, B, C and D according to the electrophoretic mobility on SDS polyacrylamide gel. The sequential order of the fragments was ACBD from NH2 terminus to COOH-end. From the results of protein blotting experiment and nitrocellulose filter binding assay, fragments A and C, the amino end half of VII, was suggested to be DNA-binding domain. Furthermore, the binding of VII to DNA is suggested to become tighter as the fragment A moiety of pVII is processed in the virion. PMID- 6679742 TI - Hexamethylenebisacetamide-mediated induction of murine erythroleukemia cells: relationship between expression of beta major and beta minor globin genes, globin mRNA synthesis and commitment to erythroid differentiation. AB - A switch in beta globin gene expression is operated in murine Friend erythroleukemia cells due to the inducing agent used. The competence of Friend cells to express beta major globin genes is operated within 8 hours exposure to hexamethylenebisacetamide. This early feature of induced differentiation is expressed in the absence of beta globin mRNA synthesis and is not suppressed by the corticosteroid hormone dexamethasone, which by contrast inhibits later stages of induced-mediated commitment to erythroid differentiation such as globin mRNA accumulation and heme synthesis. PMID- 6679743 TI - The regulatory effect of ATP and its non-hydrolyzed analogs on heart adenylate cyclase. AB - The effect of ATP on rabbit heart adenylate cyclase was investigated. The activation of adenylate cyclase by isoproterenol, guanyl nucleotides and NaF increases at a rise in ATP concentration. A similar regulatory effect is exerted by nonhydrolyzed analogs of ATP - adenyl-5'-ilimidodiphosphate and adenosine-5' (alpha, beta-methylene) triphosphate. Consequently the regulatory influence of ATP is not due to chemical modification of the enzyme or to phosphorylation of endogenous GDP. Earlier we demonstrated that regulation of heart adenylate cyclase by ATP is not mediated by the adenosine binding center (Biokhimiya USSR (1982), 47, 455-464). It is assumed that the regulatory effect of ATP is accomplished by a specific binding site for this nucleotide. PMID- 6679744 TI - Induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by hydrocortisone in rat liver and brain as a function of age. AB - The activity and induction pattern of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in the liver and brain of young (6-), adult (30-) and old (90-weeks) male rats were studied. The activity of this enzyme increases in both tissues until adulthood and decreases gradually thereafter. Further, the activity of PEPCK is higher in the liver than the brain. Adrenalectomy decreases significantly the activity of this enzyme in the liver of rats of all ages. However, this treatment inhibits brain PEPCK in young and adult rats. Administration of hydrocortisone to adrenalectomized rats increases PEPCK in both tissues of young and adult rats. However, the magnitude of induction is higher in the young, as compared to the adult, rats. This hormone-mediated induction of the enzyme is actinomycin D sensitive. PMID- 6679745 TI - Correlation of the 4-5 S form and the 8 S form of the cytosolic androgen receptor in murine skeletal muscle. AB - Binding experiments with the cytosolic androgen receptor from murine skeletal muscle yield with testosterone a biphasic saturation curve and a biphasic Scatchard plot. These binding characteristics result from the conversion of 8 S receptor (KD = 1,4 X 10(-10) M) into 4-5 S receptor (KD = 1,2 X 10(-9) M). This conversion is androgen dependent and is facilitated in vitro by either UV irradiation or by methods known to activate steroid hormone receptor complexes to a nuclear binding form (e.g. high ionic strength or elevated temperature). The measured data show that both receptor forms are in a complex dissociation equilibrium. The reassociation of the 4-5 S receptor to form the 8 S complex is inhibited by RNase. PMID- 6679746 TI - Molecular heterogeneity of the concanavalin A tetramer: effects on binding to human red blood cells. AB - We have found that the distribution of the three main monomer species found in tetrameric concanavalin A was approximately 73% type A monomer (27,000 MW); 4% type B monomer (14,000 MW); and 23% type C monomer (12,000 MW). When this tetrameric concanavalin A was bound to human erythrocytes and the monomer distribution of the bound concanavalin A was examined, we found that it resembled that of the concanavalin A used in the binding reaction. However, when competing sugars were used, either to inhibit the binding of concanavalin A or to remove previously-bound lectin, examination of cell-bound monomer distribution revealed that there was a significant increase in type C monomers and a simultaneous decrease in type A monomers. The shifts in monomer distribution varied depending on experimental conditions and the particular competing inhibitor employed. These findings were taken to indicate that not all concanavalin A cell surface interactions are identical and that quantitative methods are available for studying this phenomenon. PMID- 6679747 TI - Induction of (2'-5')An-dependent endoribonuclease activity by interferon in cultured guinea pig macrophages. AB - By a radiobinding assay, an affinity labeling technique, and a column procedure which quantitates mRNA intactness, evidence is presented on the induction of the (2'-5')An-dependent endoribonuclease by interferon in cultured guinea pig macrophages. PMID- 6679748 TI - A modified form of mitochondrial hexokinase produced by ATP-induced solubilization. AB - Mitochondrial hexokinases from several rat tissues were analyzed by DEAE cellulose chromatography. Solubilization by glucose-6-P or Triton X-100 released hexokinases A and B. Solubilization by ATP resulted in a decrease of hexokinase A and the concomitant appearance of a new fraction of lower net charge (hexokinase Am) which readily reverts to hexokinase A by dialysis or dilution. Treatment of homogeneous or partially purified hexokinase A with ATP did not generate hexokinase Am. Hexokinases Am and A were equally inhibited by an anti-hexokinase immune serum and displayed the same Km values for glucose and ATP. Hexokinase Am may represent a conformer or an oligomer produced during ATP-induced solubilization of hexokinase A from mitochondria. PMID- 6679749 TI - Sea urchin sperm aminopeptidase: comparative studies of sperm-associated and solubilized enzymes. AB - Aminopeptidase activity was demonstrated in the spermatozoa of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus intermedius. The enzyme solubilized from sperm cells was inactivated with bestatin, amastatin, p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate, ZnCl2, and trypsin, whereas that in the intact cells was scarcely affected by these agents. On the other hand, bestatin ethyl ester inactivated the two enzyme forms to almost the same extent. It also inhibited the fertilization process in this species. These results suggest that the aminopeptidase associated with the spermatozoa is shielded with a permeable barrier and plays some role in fertilization. PMID- 6679750 TI - Lipoperoxides, vitamin E, and activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in regenerating rat liver. AB - Lipoperoxides in homogenates of regenerating rat liver increased from 6 hours after the operation and reached a peak (about 7 times the control level) 18-24 hours after the operation. The concentration of blood lipoperoxides rapidly decreased after the operation. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and vitamin E content in regenerating livers were also determined. Among these antioxidant factors, the catalase level changed markedly. PMID- 6679751 TI - Phenylalanine hydroxylase. Evidence that the enzyme from human liver might not be a phosphoprotein. AB - Phenylalanine hydroxylase from fresh human liver was purified to homogeneity with a 60% yield by a three steps procedure involving hydrophobic chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose and High Performance gel permeation chromatography. The purified native enzyme had an estimated molecular weight of 165,000. It gave a single band on Sodium Dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under an estimated molecular weight of 55,000. Neither the purified human enzyme, nor that present in a liver extract could be activated under phosphorylating conditions. Moreover, the purified human liver phenylalanine hydroxylase was found to be devoid of protein bound phosphate and no phosphate could be incorporated from [32P]-ATP in the presence of cyclic-AMP - dependent protein kinase. These data suggest that phenylalanine hydroxylase from human liver, unlike that of rat liver, might not be a phosphoprotein. PMID- 6679752 TI - [Synthesis of fluorescent-labeled cerebrosides]. AB - Synthesis of fluorescently labeled cerebrosides--N-[12-(9-anthryl)-11-trans dodecenoyl]-1 beta-O-galactosylsphingosine and its 9-(3-perylenoyl)nonanoyl analog is described. Both probes are easily inserted in phosphatidylcholine vesicles. PMID- 6679753 TI - [Primary structure of calmodulin from the human brain]. AB - The primary structure of calmodulin from human brain has been determined. As compared to calmodulin from bovine brain, it shows three substitutions of the amide----acid type at positions 24, 60, 129, and two acid----amide changes at positions 104 and 135. PMID- 6679754 TI - [Spatial structure of a vasoactive peptide--a fibrin fragment]. AB - Empirical energy calculations were used to determine all low-energy conformations of vasoactive pentapeptide Ala-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys, thereby three most stable conformations were distinguished. Biological testing of conformationally restricted analogs allowed to delineate the most probable "biologically active" conformation of the molecule. PMID- 6679755 TI - [Primary structure of rhodopsin. I. Cyanogen bromide degradation peptides]. AB - Carboxymethylated bovine rhodopsin was subjected to cyanogen bromide cleavage at methionine residues. The resultant products were fractionated into the two groups according to the solubility of peptides in 2 M guanidine hydrochloride. Gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-30 in 80% formic acid of each group followed by rechromatography and high performance liquid chromatography resulted in 15 peptides embracing the whole polypeptide chain of rhodopsin. Amino acid sequence of these peptides was determined. PMID- 6679756 TI - [Primary structure of rhodopsin. II. Chymotrypsin hydrolysis peptides]. AB - Apomembranes prepared from the photoreceptor disks were subjected to chymotryptic hydrolysis. The insoluble material, containing the membrane-bound peptides was removed by centrifugation, and the water-soluble peptides of the supernatant were separated by ion-exchange chromatography on AG 50W X 4 followed by high performance liquid chromatography. The insoluble peptides were separated by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-30 in 80% formic acid. Amino acid sequence of peptides containing in total 296 amino acid residues and comprising 85% of the rhodopsin polypeptide chain was determined. PMID- 6679758 TI - [Kinetics of the N,N-dimethyl-2-phenylaziridinium reaction with a muscarinic cholinoreceptor and acetylcholinesterases]. AB - Kinetics of the reaction of N,N-dimethyl-2-phenylaziridinium ions with soluble acetylcholinesterases from cobra venom and electric eel as well as with the membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor from the cerebral cortex of rat brain was investigated at pH 7,5 and 25 degrees C in 0,15 M phosphate buffer. The inhibition reaction involves the non-covalent binding step followed by the irreversible alkylation step. The spontaneous hydrolysis of the aziridinium compound and the reversible inhibition of the enzymes with the hydrolytic product were taken into account in data treatment. The aziridinium ions were found to bind with similar effectiveness in the active centers of acetylcholinesterases and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, however, for the latter the alkylation step is more than 10-fold faster. This difference can be explained by different solvation effects exerted by the active centers of these proteins. The rate constants of the protein alkylation reaction are compared with the kinetic data for decomposition reaction of the aziridinium ion in several solvent-water mixtures, studied separately in the case of five solvents. The basicity of the solvents was found to be the most important factor accelerating the solvolysis. PMID- 6679757 TI - [Visual rhodopsin. III. Complete amino acid sequence and topography in a membrane]. AB - Tryptic hydrolysis of apomembranes, BNPS-skatole cleavage of carboxymethylated rhodopsin and thermolytic digestion of native membranes were carried out to obtain the peptides necessary for the polypeptide chain reconstruction. Gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-30 in 80% formic acid, ion-exchange and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography were used for the peptide isolation. A comparison of rhodopsin hydrophobicity profile with the accessibility of the polypeptide chain in native photoreceptor membranes for proteases allowed to distinguish seven alpha-helical segments and propose a model for arrangement of the protein molecule in the membrane. PMID- 6679759 TI - [Enzymatic synthesis of oligonucleotides corresponding to the 3'-terminus of influenza virus RNA]. AB - Dodecanucleotide CpCpUpGpCpUpUpUpUpGpCpU corresponding to 3'-terminus of influenza virus RNA has been synthesized. The initial blocks CpCpU, GpCpU, pGpCpU and pGpCpUp were prepared enzymatically in the presence of ribonucleases of different substrate specificity and polynucleotide phosphorylase M. luteus. pUpUpU was obtained by enzymatic degradation of polyuridilic acid. The initial blocks were joined by T4 RNA-ligase. PMID- 6679760 TI - [Natural peptides and their analogs. XXXI. Synthesis and properties of the retro analog of methionine-5-enkephalin]. AB - The synthesis of retro-analog of methionine-5-enkephalin was performed. This peptide is an isomer of the natural methionine-5-enkephalin, but differs from it by opposite direction of peptide linkages between the amino acid residues. The influence of retro-analog on prolactin secretion was studied both in vivo and in vitro. The retro-analog was found to stimulate the prolactin secretion more effectively than methionine-5-enkephalin. PMID- 6679761 TI - [Synthesis of octapeptides containing fragments of lac-repressor primary structure]. AB - Four octapeptides containing the dipeptide fragments of the lac-repressor primary structure have been synthesized. The general scheme of synthesis consisted in the preparation of tetrapeptides using successive elongation from the C-terminus by the mixed anhydride method followed by their condensation into octapeptides. PMID- 6679762 TI - [A solid phase method of determining DNA sequence]. AB - A solid-phase method for DNA sequencing has been developed which involves immobilization of the terminally labeled DNA fragment on the DEAE-paper followed by chemical modification and cleavage at G, A + G, C + T, and C sites. As compared to the Maxam and Gilbert method, the new technique is more rapid and less laborious, being of the same efficiency. PMID- 6679763 TI - [Separation of natural ribonucleoside triphosphates and their determination in an acid-soluble cell fraction by anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography]. AB - An anion-exchange HPLC procedure for CTP, UTP, ATP and GTP determination in the acid-soluble fraction of cells is described. Ribonucleoside triphosphates are separated on LiChrosorb AN isocratically with NH4H2PO4-acetonitrile. The dependence of the separation efficiency on the salt and acetonitrile concentrations and pH was analyzed and the optimal conditions were chosen. The range, wherein the linearity between the ribonucleoside triphosphate amount and the area of the corresponding peak is observed, was defined and the regression equations were derived. The CTP, UTP, ATP and GTP content in the ovarian cancer cells CaOv in culture was found to be 418 +/- 32, 1122 +/- 21, 9262 +/- 442 and 1036 +/- 49 pmole/10(6) cells, respectively. After 2 hr incubation with 6 mercaptopurine (10(-4) M) the level of ATP and GTP is reduced by 55%, and after 24 hr incubation--by 73% for ATP and 85% for GTP. At the same time the UTP and CTP content is decreased by 12-31%. PMID- 6679764 TI - [Preparation of translating ribosomes by using a column with immobilized polyuridylic acid]. AB - An improved method for preparation of translating ribosomes using columns with immobilized polyuridylic acid is described. A peculiarity of the method is that, first, optimal ratios of the components are used in the translation system for obtaining high yields of translating ribosomes. Second, purification of translating ribosomes from admixtures of non-translating particles is achieved by passing the buffer containing 5 mM MgCl2 and 250 mM NH4Cl through the column. The purity of the translating ribosomes is no less than 95%, the yield of active ribosomes is 5-20% of the initial amount of the ribosomes. Reagent expenditure is cut 15 to 20 times. PMID- 6679765 TI - [Conformation NMR analysis of the spatial structure of Buthus eupeus insectotoxin I5A]. AB - 1H NMR spectroscopy has been used to collect data related to the spatial structure of insectotoxin I5A Buthus eupeus: pH-dependence of the chemical shifts, deuterium exchange rates of individual amide hydrogens, spin-spin coupling of the H-N-C alpha-H and H-C alpha-C beta-H protons, and nuclear Overhauser effect between distinct protons belonging to amino acid residues remote in the sequence. Molecular conformation in the regions from Asp9 to Cys19 (beta-turn 9-12 and right-hand alpha-helix 12-19) and from Asn23 to Asn34 (antiparallel beta-sheet with the beta-turn 27-30) directly follows from the observed parameters. Pseudoatomic approach of distance geometry algorithm was used to solve the overall folding of the molecule and propose the most probable set of disulfide bridges: Cys2-Cys19, Cys5-Cys31, Cys16-Cys26 and Cys20-Cys33. The spatial structure of insectotoxin I5A B. eupeus demonstrates remarkable similarity with that of a "long" type scorpion neurotoxin V-3 Centruroides sculpturatus. PMID- 6679766 TI - [Separation of cholesterol-specific cytochrome P-450 regions and their localization in the polypeptide chain]. AB - The separation of the two domains, disclosed by limited trypsinolysis in the cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome P-450, by covalent chromatography on thiopropyl-Sepharose 6B is described. The domains F1 (MW 27 000) and F2 (MW 22 000) are shown to belong to the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of the polypeptide chain respectively. PMID- 6679767 TI - [Interaction of DNA and hydrogen peroxide. A method of localizing pyrimidine bases in DNA]. AB - Incomplete modification with hydrogen peroxide of the DNA fragments labeled at one terminus is shown to be useful for localisation of C and T residues along the polynucleotide chain. The fragments can be split at modified residues with piperidine after hydrogen peroxide treatment. The rate of the reaction of the single-stranded fragments is extremely fast, much higher than that of the double stranded DNA. Splitting of the DNA takes place at C if pH 7,4, and at T at pH 9,6. The modification can be used to investigate the DNA structure and function. PMID- 6679768 TI - [Amino acid sequence in the reactive site region of an acid-stable inhibitor of trypsin, chymotrypsin and intracellular proteinases from rabbit serum]. AB - The thermo- and acid-stable trypsin, chymotrypsin and intracellular proteinases inhibitor (TAS-inhibitor) from rabbit serum was digested by trypsin, and its domain (Mr 6200) with antitryptic activity was obtained in homogeneous state. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of this domain was established by automatic Edman degradation: Thr-Val-Ala-Ala-Cys-Asx-Leu-Pro-Ile-Val-Pro-Gly-Pro-X-Arg-Gly-Ile Phe-X- Leu-X-Ala-Phe-X-Ala-Val-X-Gly. A high degree of homology of the primary structures rabbit, human and bovine TAS-inhibitors was demonstrated. PMID- 6679770 TI - [Conformation analysis of carbohydrate chains of group-specific substances]. AB - Theoretical conformational analysis of bi- and three-antennary carbohydrate chains of H-specific group substances has been carried out. It has been shown that O-glycosylating oligosaccharides can form compact Y-shaped structures with effective non-bonded interactions between the antennae residues. PMID- 6679769 TI - [Topography of the active site of the noradrenaline neuronal membrane carrier based on the theoretical conformation analysis of inhibitors of neuronal catecholamine uptake]. AB - All equilibrium conformations for nine ligands, essentially different in structure, of the noradrenaline carrier through the synaptosomal membrane of rat hypothalamus were calculated by semi-empirical method. Among these compounds were amphetamine, methylphenidate, tricyclic antidepressants. The conformational energy minimization was performed in the space of torsional and bond angles. Geometrical characteristics of the conformers were determined in the cartesian coordinate system fixed relative to the benzene ring and nitrogen atom of the ligand. The selection of biologically active (productive) conformations was made according to the following criteria: 1) low conformational energy; 2) similarity of the nitrogen atoms and phenyl rings spatial disposition in all ligands; 3) accessibility for intermolecular interactions of the same sides of functional groupings in all ligands. The above criteria enabled the productive conformations for all ligands to be chosen unambiguously. The productive conformation of noradrenaline was found to have the Ph-C-C-N fragment in perpendicular trans conformation. A topographic model for the carrier active site was suggested, its components being the nucleophilic and two arylophilic groups situated against the most accessible sides of the functional moieties of the productively bound ligands. PMID- 6679771 TI - [Cloning and primary structure of DNA copies of genome fragments of the tick borne encephalitis virus]. AB - RNA of a flavivirus-tick-borne encephalitis virus (Far-East, type 1, strain Sofin) was subjected to reverse transcription and the DNA copy was transformed into double-stranded DNA by action of E. coli DNA-polymerase (Klenow's fragment) without primer. The hairpin structures were removed by S1 nuclease. Oligo-dC ends were attached to ds-cDNA thus obtained, and this DNA was annealed with pBR322 plasmid cut by PstI and equipped with oligo-dG termini. The recombinant plasmids were cloned in E. coli HB101. Of the 360 TcrAps clones obtained, 187 clones efficiently hybridized with partially degraded 32P-RNA of TBE virus. The sequence of the insert of one of the clones was determined by the Maxam-Gilbert method. The 720 b.p. sequence is translatable into an amino acid sequence without interruption. Nearby the 3'-terminus of the insert, the sequence ACACAGG is present which is homologous with that found in RNA of the flavivirus West Nile. PMID- 6679772 TI - [High performance liquid chromatography of nucleotides. Major methods and their development]. AB - The separation of mono- and oligonucleotides possibilities by means of high performance ion-exchange, reversed-phase, so-called "ion-pair" and adsorption chromatography are studied. The influence of the eluent composition (solvent, salt) and pH on the retention, selectivity and resolution in reversed-phase and ion-exchange chromatography is investigated. The model of the hydrophobic-pair ion-exchange mechanism of ion-pair chromatography is considered. The conditions for analysis and preparative isolation of a desired component are optimized for selectivity, resolution and throughput. The methods for prediction of the optimal gradient elution program reasonable resolution at the desired retention time and for choosing the guard-column packing material are proposed. A design of the gradient for system and the version of slurry packing method for HPLC prolonged life-time columns are improved. The automatized analytical technique for determination of the oligonucleotide monomeric composition with two coupled microcolumns is described, that involves enzymatic digestion of an oligonucleotide followed by ion-exchange separation of the hydrolysate. PMID- 6679773 TI - [Labeling of steroids with tritium]. AB - Conditions have been elaborated for the tritium labeling of some steroids to a molar activity of the order of 1 TBk/mol by heterogeneous catalytic isotopic exchange. For steroids without a keto group, isotopic exchange with gaseous tritium is most effective in neutral solvents, whereas for steroids with a keto group an alkaline medium is preferable. At certain pH values it was possible to void hydrogenation of the double bonds in the compounds. PMID- 6679774 TI - [The role of the hydrophobic fragment of cytochrome b5 in the interaction with cytochrome P-450]. AB - The interaction of highly purified liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 from phenobarbital-induced rabbits and cytochrome b5 has been investigated by the difference and second derivative difference spectroscopy. The addition of cytochrome b5 to cytochrome P-450 results in transition of cytochrome P-450 heme iron from low to high spin state. The interaction is accompanied by the changes in the second derivative spectrum of cytochrome P-450, which point to the participation of tryptophanyl residues in this process. The hydrophilic fragment of cytochrome b5 is unable to form a complex with cytochrome P-450 as judged by the absence of the difference spectrum and any changes in the second derivative UV-spectrum of cytochrome P-450. The evidence obtained indicates that the hydrophobic tail of the cytochrome b5 molecule responsible for its binding to membrane is also indispensable for forming a functional cytochrome P-450 cytochrome b5 complex. PMID- 6679775 TI - [Affinity modification of creatine kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle by 2',3' dialdehyde derivatives of ADP and ATP]. AB - Periodate-oxidized ADP and ATP (oADP and oATP) are substrates and affinity reagents for creatine kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle. oADP and oATP modified a lysine epsilon-amino group in the nucleotide-binding site of the enzyme. Complete inactivation is observed upon binding 2 moles oADP per 1 mole of the enzyme dimer. Modification with oADP is described by a liner dependence of the log of enzyme activity on time, testifying to a pseudo-first-order of the reaction. The reaction rate constant (ki = 8.10(3) min-1) and dissociation constant for the reversible enzyme-oADP complex (Kd = 62 microM) were determined. ADP protected the enzyme from inactivation and covalent binding of the analog, whereas oADP covalently bound to the enzyme was phosphorylated by phosphocreatine. The data obtained allow to suggest that the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the active site is located in close proximity to ribose of ATP and ADP forming a complex with the enzyme. This group seems essential for correct orientation of the nucleotide polyphosphate chain in the enzyme active center, but take no immediate part in the transphosphorylation process. PMID- 6679776 TI - [Interaction of bifunctional binuclear platinum compounds with IMP and poly(I)]. AB - A study has been made of the IMP or poly(I) interactions leading to substitution of X and Y ligands in binuclear platinum complexes of the general formula: [X Pt(dien)]m+-(CH2)6-[(dien)Pt-Y]n+ (NO3)m+n, where dien stands for diethylenetriamine, X = H2O, Y = Br, m = 2, n = 1 (I), X = Y = H2O, m = n = 2 (II), and X = Y = Br, m = n = 1 (III). These compounds were found to be bifunctional reagents. Two reactive groupings of (I) bind to poly(I) at different rates due to the higher reactivity of [(dien)Pt(H2O)]2+ as compared to [(dien)PtBr]+. It allows to introduce the reactive bromotriaminoplatinum group into polynucleotide structure by rapid reaction with aquatriaminoplatinum group of compound (I). Increase in free bromide ion concentration in solution inhibits the reactivity of bromotriaminoplatinum groups, thus making possible regulation of the reactivity of this group introduced into a polynucleotide. The results obtained suggest that heterobifunctional platinum compounds can be used for design of complementary addressed reagents - oligo- and polynucleotides carrying the reactive groups. PMID- 6679777 TI - [Interaction of DNA with N-bromosuccinimide. G+C-specific reaction potentially useful for structural and functional studies]. AB - Incomplete modification of DNA fragments labeled at one terminus with N bromosuccinimide is shown to be useful for localization of G and C residues along the polynucleotide chain. After N-bromosuccinimide treatment the fragments can be split at modified residues with piperidine. The rate of the reaction of the single-stranded fragments is extremely fast and much higher than that of double stranded DNA. The modification can be used for structure and function studies on DNA. PMID- 6679778 TI - [Chemico-enzymatic synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide of Salmonella serogroup E1]. AB - Chemical conversion of trisaccharide d-Man beta 1----4-L-Rha alpha 1----3-D-[6-C 3H]Gal into its moraprenyl pyrophosphate derivative is described. Treatment of the latter with the cell envelope preparation from S. anatum results in the formation of polysaccharide with the alpha 1----6 linkage between the trisaccharide units. PMID- 6679779 TI - [High-performance exclusion liquid chromatography of protected peptides on soft and semi-solid gels]. AB - Fractionated soft gels Sephadex LH-20, Sephadex LH-60, Enzakryl K-2 and semirigid gels - Spheron P-40, Spheron P-300 and Spheron P-1000 were tested for separation of protected synthetic fragments of neurotoxin II from the Central Asian cobra (Naja naja oxiana) venom. Applicability of the above gels for size exclusion HPLC of protected peptides in organic media is discussed. PMID- 6679780 TI - [Separation and analysis of ribonucleotide mixtures by anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography]. AB - Ribonucleotides in the artificial mixture or from natural extracts were separated by HPLC on a column with strong anion-exchanger in gradient of pH and concentration of phosphate-chloride buffer system. Peaks were detected by UV absorbance at 254 nm and detector sensitivity of 0,02 optical units for a full scale, whereas their identification was based on comparison of retention times with those of pure standards. An electronic integrator calibrated for each nucleotide was used for quantitative analysis. The conditions for separating 13 ribonucleotides (including IMP) during 40-minute HPLC-analysis were specified. Some problems pertinent to nucleotide extractions from biological samples are discussed. PMID- 6679781 TI - [Study of the molecular organization of visual rhodopsin in photoreceptor membranes by limited proteolysis]. AB - Proteolysis of rhodopsin in disc membranes of right-side out orientation by thermolysin, papain and St. aureus V8 protease allowed to identify two highly exposed regions of polypeptide chain located on the cytoplasmic membrane surface: carboxyl terminal sequence 321-348 and the fragment 236-241. Incubation with chymotrypsin reveals the third site on the cytoplasmic surface, 146-147, accessible to proteolytic enzymes. Frozen-thawed membranes comprise a mixture of vesicles with normal and inverted orientation. Both thermolytic and chymotryptic digests of rhodopsin in these membranes contain the polypeptide which represents the amino terminal sequence lacking the first 30 amino acid residues. Thus at least 30 amino acids from the N-terminus must protrude into the intradiscal space. One additional site was located on the intradiscal surface: papain digests rhodopsin in the inverted membranes at the position 186-187. Localization of the proteolytic cleavage sites allowed to propose a model for rhodopsin topography in disc membrane: the polypeptide chain traverses the bilayer thickness seven times; each of seven transmembrane segments containing approximately 40 amino acid residues includes a sequence of approximately 30 hydrophobic amino acids; which are probably in close contact with hydrocarbon matrix of the membrane. Hydrophobic sequences are terminated with fragments containing clusters of hydrophilic amino acids, possibly interacting with lipid polar head groups and orienting each segment in the bilayer. PMID- 6679782 TI - [Study of long-chain neurotoxins from Naja naja siamensis and Naja naja oxiana venoms by circular dichroism and fluorescence]. AB - CD and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to study the conformational mobility of long-chain neurotoxins from the venom of cobra Naja naja siamensis and Naja naja oxiana (STX and NT-I, respectively). Microenvironment of tryptophan residues in these neurotoxins and their lysine-modified derivatives was also analyzed. Ionization of His22 (pK 5,4-5,6) in STX influences the invariant Trp29 microenvironment. No conformational change was observed on titration of single His residue situated in the C-terminal part of NT-I. Attachment of dansyl groups at Lys39 or Lys60 residues in NT-I is without effect on the native neurotoxin conformation. The distances from these labels to Trp29 or Trp33 indole rings are no shorter than 1,0 nm. The data obtained for STX and NT-I indicate that the STX X-ray structure may serve as a basis for studies on the solution conformation of the long-chain neurotoxins. PMID- 6679783 TI - [Secondary structure and assignment of signals in two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectra of the Buthus eupeus neurotoxin I5A]. AB - The complete assignment of the 500 MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the insectotoxin I5A isolated from Buthus eupeus scorpion venom is performed by two-dimensional spectroscopy. The analysis of nuclear Overhauser effects for the protons of neighbouring residues in the amino acid sequence established the secondary structure of the molecule: alpha-helical part from Asn11 to Gly21 and anti-parallel beta-structure from asn23 to Asn34 with the beta-turn Phe27-Gly28 Pro29-Gln30. Three X-Pro peptide bonds have trans configuration. The primary structure of isotoxin was corrected by NMR and confirmed by sequencing. PMID- 6679784 TI - [Topochemical aspects of pyrimidine specificity of ribonuclease A]. AB - To get insight into the origin of pyrimidine specificity of ribonuclease A, a study of the enzyme interaction with the substrate analogs having a modified nucleobase was undertaken. Pyridine and pyrimidine cyclophosphates were obtained by phosphorylation of 2'(3')-O-dibutyl stannylidene derivatives of nonprotected nucleosides in high yields. The results of kinetic and NMR studies suggested that a substrate should be locked in anti-conformation in the productive enzyme substrate complex as it was shown for the crystalline complexes of the enzyme with pyrimidine nucleotides by X-ray analysis. The interaction between carbonyl group in position 2 of substrate nucleobase and proton accepting group of the protein (NH of Thr45) was found to be a prerequisite for the specific recognition of a substrate by the enzyme. The rate constants for transformation of lactam form (slow) and lactim form (fast) of pyrimidine substrates were estimated. PMID- 6679785 TI - [Effect of opiates on Ca2+ transport in synaptosomes]. AB - Potassium-stimulated uptake of Ca2+ by nerve-ending fractions from rat brain (synaptosomes) is inhibited by morphine and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin. This effect develops significantly within 1 minute. The opiates do not affect the Ca2+ efflux from the synaptosomes. Naloxone, the opiate antagonist, does not reverse the effect of morphine on synaptosomal Ca2+ uptake, and in this respect itself acts similarly to morphine). PMID- 6679786 TI - [Interaction of various dithio- and thiophosphates containing amino acid fragments with carboxylesterase from rat liver]. AB - The interaction of insecto-acaricides of the general formula (EtO)2P(S)SCH2CONH(CH2)nCH(R1)COOR2 and their activation metabolites (P = O analog) and detoxication products (R2 = H) with rat liver carboxylesterase was studied. The beta-alanine derivative (n = 1, R1 = H, R2 = Et) was rapidly hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase. The valine derivative (n = 0, R1 = H, R2 = Et) was hydrolytically stable, due to steric hindrances imposed by the isopropyl group, and proved to be a reversible competitive inhibitor of carboxylesterase. The corresponding monothiophosphates were not hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase, but inhibited it irreversibly. It was found that monothiophosphate derivatives of R- and S-valine irreversibly inhibit carboxylesterase, R-enantiomer being somewhat more active than S-antipode. On the other hand, under the conditions of reversible inhibition by the corresponding dithiophosphates, S-enantiomer was more active. Using model compounds, (R)- and (S)-N-chloroacetyl valine ethyl esters, it was shown that both on irreversible and reversible inhibition the differences in stereospecificity can be attributed to changes in the inhibitor orientation in the enzyme active site. PMID- 6679787 TI - [Inhibition of cholinesterases by aziridinium derivatives of polymethylene bischloroethylamines]. AB - Cyclization of polymethylene bischloroethylamines, differing in the methylene chain-length (n = 6 or 10) and the N-substituents (R = CH3 or CH2C6H5), was carried out and the respective aziridinium derivatives were obtained. These derivatives of hexamethonium and decamethonium manifested reversible inhibition (Ki approximately 100-1 microM) and irreversible alkylating activity (kII approximately 10(2) M-1 . min-1) towards acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes and horse serum butyrylcholinesterase. Upon varying n and R, the alkylation biomolecular rate constants changed symbately with changes in the reversible inhibition constants. The most potent alkylating agent with respect to acetylcholinesterase (kII 7,8 x 10(2) M-1 . min-1) and butyrylcholinesterase (kII 4,2 . 10(2) M-1 . min-1) was found to be the aziridinium analog of hexamethonium with R = CH2C6H5. Based on the kinetic data, the problem of alkylation of anionic sites in the catalytic and allosteric centers of the two cholinesterases is discussed. PMID- 6679788 TI - [1H-NMR study of the Naja naja oxiana neurotoxin II and its spin-labeled derivatives. Conformation of "short" neurotoxins]. AB - In 1H NMR spectra of neurotoxin II N. n. oxiana the chemical shift pH-dependences in H2O and 2H2O solutions were studied, and also the deuterium exchange rates and chemical shift temperature gradients were measured for the amide protons. The spin probe method was applied to assess the degree of exposure into solvent of the amide and side chain protons. With the purpose of establishing mutual disposition of certain neurotoxin II groupings, nuclear Overhauser effect was studied in the 1H NMR spectra, along with the broadening of proton resonances induced by spin labels selectively attached to epsilon-amino groups of Lys26, Lys27, Lys45 or Lys47. The mobility of these labels was determined from the EPR spectra. The methyl resonances of Val and Leu residues were assigned to a definite position in the amino acid sequence. The following pKa were determined: alpha-NH2 Leu1 (9,2), gamma-COOH Glu2 (3,7), alpha-COOH Asn62 (1,3). The protonation of a carboxyl group(s) in neurotoxin II (alpha-COOH Asn62 seems to be involved) decreases the temperature stability of the neurotoxin II conformation. On the basis of studies on neurotoxin II and some other homologous neurotoxins, the model for the "short" neurotoxin folding in solution was proposed. Comparison of experimental data for the disposition of equivalent groups in homologous neurotoxins and in the X-ray structure of erabutoxin b Laticauda semifasciata revealed that the Val46 side chain in solution might change its orientation by 180 degrees with respect to polypeptide backbone. Binding of spin labeled neurotoxin II derivatives to the acetylcholine receptor was discussed in light of the obtained data. PMID- 6679789 TI - Morphology of fetal placental stem arteries in hypertensive disorders ('toxemia') of pregnancy. AB - Morphological features of 3rd order, fetal stem arteries of placentae from 50 'toxemic' patients, including all types, i.e., those with pre-eclampsia, essential hypertension, and chronic renal disease, were compared with similar arteries in 50 placentae of normal pregnancies. Striking changes of the arterial wall and subtle but definite alterations in the surrounding stroma were observed in the fetal arteries from hypertensive pregnancies. The earliest mural alteration consisted of endothelial proliferation which narrowed the lumen. This was followed by proliferation of subendothelial and smooth muscle cells probably derived from the medial layer. In the media, the proliferating smooth muscle cells were affected by vacuolation and other degenerative processes. Of the above changes the intimal and medial alterations were present in 38 placentae of toxemic patients, whereas some of these features were found only in 6 cases of the control group. Other lesions of the fetal stem arteries (i.e. thrombi and arteritis) were observed less commonly. Moreover, smooth muscle cells that usually are scattered in the villous stroma in normal placentae, in toxemic patients were more numerous and tended to form bridges between the fetal arteries. On the basis of the present observations, it may be concluded that several lumen-narrowing alterations affect the fetal arteries of the placentae in toxemia of pregnancy. Whereas these undoubtedly contribute to the 'placental insufficiency' commonly found in this group of diseases, they probably represent a reaction to a more basic and as yet not identified factor(s) that may be operational in 'toxemia' of pregnancy. PMID- 6679790 TI - Correlations between histologic type of clinical breast cancer and physiopathologic profile of the mammary glandular tree. AB - The relationships between cancer histotype and characters of the mammary glandular tree have been studied in 100 human breasts removed for clinical cancer by radical mastectomy. The group of invasive ductal carcinomas, including 78 cases, was subclassified in not otherwise specified (53 cases), with intraductal (19 cases), and with tubular component (6 cases). The other cancer histotypes were invasive lobular carcinoma (9 cases), medullary carcinoma (7 cases), mucinous carcinoma (4 cases), and papillary carcinoma (2 cases). The pattern of the mammary glandular tree was atrophic (67 cases) or adenosic, i.e., rich in mammary lobules (33 cases), but mammary lobules (normal, paranormal, atypical, or persistent in otherwise atrophic breasts) were present in 83% of the cases. A significant prevalence of not otherwise specified cancer (X2 = 10.20; p less than 0.01) was found in atrophic breasts (64%) and, even more, in breasts without lobules (76%). By contrast, intraductal component, tubular component, invasive lobular, and medullary cancers were, with two single exceptions, only in breasts with lobules, and this concentration was also significant (X2 = 7.26; p less than 0.01). It is concluded that breast cancer histotype is influenced by, or related to, the surrounding microenvironment, i.e., the pattern of the mammary glandular tree. PMID- 6679791 TI - The microenvironment of human breast with clinical cancer. AB - The characteristics of the mammary glandular tree have been studied in 100 human breasts removed for clinical cancer by radical mastectomy. The glandular tree was observed in whole thin (2 mm) stained sections under a stereoscopic microscope with removal of any suspicious or interesting change for histology. The results allow to categorize as follows the microenvironments in which mammary neoplasia may clinically appear. In respect to the main characteristics of the collateral glandular tree, clinical breast cancer may occur in: (a) atrophic breasts without lobules or lesions in 17% of cases; (b) atrophic breasts with persistent lobules and minor pathologic changes such as cysts, apocrine metaplasia, sclerosing adenosis, fibroadenoma and ductal hyperplasia in 19% of cases; (c) atrophic breasts with proliferative lobular changes (atypical lobules), duct papillomas, in situ carcinomas and/or microscopic independent foci of infiltrating carcinoma in 31% of cases; (d) adenosic breasts, which are breasts rich in mammary lobules, with the minor pathologic changes specified under (b) in 14% of cases; (e) adenosic breasts with the severe proliferative changes specified under (c) in 17% of cases, and (f) adenosic breasts with normal lobules and without lesions in 2% of cases. Therefore, 83% of the cancerous breasts have normal or pathologic lobules and 81% have lesions of various degrees of severity in the glandular tree. PMID- 6679792 TI - Peripheral chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone. Report of a case. AB - The case of a 31-year-old man with a neck mass of 7 months' duration is described. An X-ray examination showed a tumor originating from the right greater horn of the hyoid bone that pushed the larynx and pharynx to the left. Upon visual inspection the tumor seemed to be cartilaginous in nature. Histologically it was a well-differentiated chondrosarcoma that originated from the periphery of the hyoid bone. Ultrastructural study demonstrated an abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, a particularly well-developed Golgi apparatus, and pleomorphic microvilli. 10 months after excision, a local recurrence invaded the primary marrow spaces of the hyoid bone. A review of the literature indicates that the prognosis of this tumor is unfavorable and that the recurrence of hyoid bone chondrosarcoma generally is less differentiated than the primary tumor. PMID- 6679793 TI - Subungual keratoacanthoma: a variant of verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. AB - A case of so-called subungual keratoacanthoma is reported. Clinically and morphologically, this lesion is similar to a verrucous carcinoma of the skin. It is possible that subungual keratoacanthoma and carcinoma cuniculatum (verrucous carcinoma) are different aspects of the same entity. PMID- 6679794 TI - Bone marrow biopsy in the staging of malignant epithelial tumors. AB - Bone marrow biopsy was performed routinely on 1,068 patients and 1,268 biopsies were obtained. In 547 epithelial tumors bone marrow involvement was present in 95 patients (17.4%); no metastatic involvement was found in 41 cases of nonepithelial tumors. Bone marrow metastases were present mainly in prostatic (54.1%), breast (26.5%), gastric (18.5%) and lung cancer (7.9%). In 26 cases the primary location was initially unknown; histology was useful in the detection of primary tumors. Histology was compared either with aspiration cytology or with bone X-ray and scan. PMID- 6679795 TI - Immunohistochemical characterization of mesotheliomas. PMID- 6679796 TI - Safety assessment and biodistribution of povidone as a coating material for cardiac pacing leads. AB - Cardiac pacing leads coated with povidone-[131I] were implanted in dogs and the leaching of radioactivity from the leads was monitored by external scintigraphy. The activity which had dissipated from the pacing leads was not as [131I]-iodide, but as povidone-[131I]. Only 50% (mean) of the activity remained on the pacing leads after two weeks while a significant amount of radioactivity was eliminated via urine and feces. The liver was a major site of accumulation of retained activity which had leached off the pacing leads. There was no evidence of large pieces of povidone-[131I] in the lungs of the dogs, all of which appeared healthy at the time of sacrifice. The results of this study support the conclusions of a long-term study indicating that povidone is a safe and suitable coating material for pacing leads. PMID- 6679797 TI - Histologic and microradiographic evaluation of textured and nontextured aluminum oxide dental implants. AB - This paper reports the histological and microradiographical observations of macroscopically textured and nontextured aluminum oxide dental implants. Ion beam bombardment was used to produce a wafflelike pattern of surface undulations approximately 35 microns deep. Twelve nontextured and eight textured implants were placed in the healed extraction sites of the second and forth mandibular premolars of adult mongrel dogs. Eight nontextured and five textured implants remained in situ for six months. Results consistent with previously reported clinical and radiographic findings, indicated a decreased incidence of an interposed fibrous tissue-implant interface associated with the textured implants. Texturing was not found to influence the amount of vertical bone loss. Secondarily, delayed tissue fixation due to post-retrieval mechanical testing procedures resulted in loss of valuable cellular information. PMID- 6679799 TI - Snakes and ladders. PMID- 6679798 TI - Fretting corrosion in orthopaedic alloys. AB - Fretting corrosion, a mechanical-chemical phenomenon, most often occurs at screwhead-plate countersink junctions of internal fixation devices. An apparatus was constructed which would simulate the conditions of fretting corrosion in vivo. Fretting corrosion was studied as a function of the number of cycles and the solution in which the fretting occurred. The solutions studied were 0.9% physiological saline and a saline plus 0.5% albumin solution. The implant materials tested were Co-Cr-Mo alloy, 316L stainless steel, and Ti-6A1-4V alloy. The results demonstrated that weight loss increased with the number of fretting cycles but reached a plateau where further weight loss was negligible. Co-Cr-Mo alloy showed less weight loss than 316L stainless steel at any number of cycles. Weight loss for Ti-6A1-4V alloy was similar to Co-Cr-Mo alloy although marked abrasion was noted. All of the materials showed a marked decrease in weight loss when tested in the saline plus albumin solution as compared to the saline only solution. PMID- 6679800 TI - Fallacies and facts about snakes. PMID- 6679801 TI - Deadly venomous land snakes of Sri Lanka. PMID- 6679802 TI - Moderately and mildly venomous snakes of Sri Lanka. PMID- 6679803 TI - Sea-snake envenoming. PMID- 6679804 TI - Epidemiology of snake-bite in Sri Lankan children. PMID- 6679805 TI - Death from snake-bite in Anuradhapura District. PMID- 6679806 TI - Snake-bite--prevention and first-aid. PMID- 6679807 TI - Clinical features and general management of snake-bite. PMID- 6679808 TI - Treatment of snake-bite. PMID- 6679809 TI - Notes on the use of antivenom. PMID- 6679810 TI - Neurological manifestations of snake-bite. PMID- 6679811 TI - Haematological disorders from snake-bite envenoming. PMID- 6679812 TI - [Has laser iridectomy definitely replaced surgical peripheral iridectomy in angle closure glaucoma?]. PMID- 6679813 TI - [Surgery of epiretinal membranes on a flat retina]. PMID- 6679814 TI - [Continuous air tamponade for the treatment of various retinal detachments]. PMID- 6679815 TI - [Myasthenia with oculomotor manifestations. Diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6679816 TI - [The sella turcica with a large dorsum]. PMID- 6679817 TI - [X-ray computed tomographic symptomatology of carotid-cavernous fistulas]. PMID- 6679818 TI - [X-ray computed tomography in ophthalmology. Evaluation of 2 1/2 years of use]. PMID- 6679819 TI - [Preoperative anatomic prognosis of retinal detachment]. PMID- 6679820 TI - [Serpiginous choroiditis and placoid epitheliopathy]. PMID- 6679821 TI - [Morning-glory papilla and detachment of the macular neuroepithelium]. PMID- 6679822 TI - [Pituitary prolactin adenoma and pigmentary retinopathy. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6679823 TI - [Axonal electrovisiogram in optic nerve pathology]. PMID- 6679824 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the Dioptron II Ultima B]. PMID- 6679825 TI - [Comparative study between subjective and objective refraction using the Autorefractor 6600 on 200 eyes in children]. PMID- 6679826 TI - [Treatment of spasms of convergence with liquid crystal glasses]. PMID- 6679827 TI - [The Stilling-Duane-plus syndrome]. PMID- 6679828 TI - [Binocular gazing visual field in oculomotor paralysis]. PMID- 6679829 TI - [30 years' radium therapy of eyelid epitheliomas in ophthalmologic practice]. PMID- 6679830 TI - [Surgical treatment of epitheliomas of the eyelids excluding the internal angle]. PMID- 6679831 TI - [Plastic surgery using frontal flaps after the surgical excision of epitheliomas of the eyelids]. PMID- 6679832 TI - [Formation and stability of periodic suspensions of halo-forming cells]. PMID- 6679833 TI - [Molecular and cellular aspects of differentiation and the programming role of extracellular matrices]. PMID- 6679834 TI - [The role of plasma lipid photooxidation in reducing thrombocyte aggregation under UV irradiation]. PMID- 6679835 TI - [High optical activity in the intramolecular compaction (globulization) of high molecular DNA]. PMID- 6679837 TI - [Use of passive personal samplers in industrial hygiene]. AB - Passive personal samplers are very easy devices to monitor occupational exposure and today they are wildely used on the field. In this study we don't speak about background theory of passive sampler but we critically review parameters influencing the results like: maximum and minimum detectable concentration, adsorbing substrate, sampling time, answer time, control and comparison with standard methods. We also illustrate some industrial hygiene strategy to use passive personal sampler on the field, the possible goals, the individuals of which we need collaboration. PMID- 6679836 TI - [Synthesis and anticholinesterase activity of acetylene organophosphorus compounds]. PMID- 6679838 TI - [Sampling of solvents on active charcoal: chemical and thermal recovery]. AB - The problems relating to the sampling of solvents on active charcoal and their recovery by chemical and thermal desorption are pointed out. The experimental values of breakthrough volumes for a number of compounds are reported, together with their extent of recovery by carbon disulfide extraction and by thermal desorption under inert gas flow. Thermal desorption, when carried out under the proper conditions, including the use of a temperature program, leads to quantitative recovery for most industrial solvents. PMID- 6679839 TI - [Proposal for a new method of thermal desorption of solvents from passive personal samplers]. AB - A new thermic desorption method for some organic solvents from the passive dosimeters (Mod. TK 200) is described. The single active carbon leaft after solvent absorption have been put at 200 C into a oven connected with the gas chromatograph injector. After 10 minutes of "static thermic desorption", the carrier flow (nitrogen), which usually goes through the gas-chromatograph in injector and columns, is diverted into the desorption oven and into the gas chromatograph injector by means of a manual valve. After 5 seconds the initial route of the carrier is restored and the fraction of the solvents dragged by the carrier is analyzed. Subsequently each active carbon leaf is desorbed several times to study the trend of desorption rate of the solvent from the passive dosimeters. The data obtained from n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, methyl ethyl ketone, cycloexane and trichloroethilene seem to suggest that the "static termic desorption, is an useful method, although further investigations are needed. PMID- 6679840 TI - [Applied physiology: the work of driving an industrial heavy-duty truck on the highway]. AB - Scope of this work was the investigation of the following parameters: energetic metabolism, by O2 consumption measurement using the open-circuit technique; pulmonary ventilation; cardio-circulatory activity behaviour, by recording heart rate, E.C.G., arterial blood pressure and plethysmography of lower limbs; body temperature pattern; visual function, through the determination of the visual field; kidney function through urine analysis; body joints flexibility, by proper test. The subjects chosen for this investigation are three experienced heavy-duty vehicle drivers that where submitted to proper checks before, during and after having driven a 190.38 Model truck fitted with spoiler and an S.R. Viber, high cargo body tarpaulin, PTT, 43.2 tons overall weight truck, over 9 different courses including town traffic, level highway, up and downhill highway with different gradients, in a period from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. Along the total run of 404 kilometres, covered in 364 minutes, recording of the parameters under investigation was carried out over 249 kilometres covered 240 minutes (72% of overall driving time). Energy expenditure (1.20 +/- .19 Kcal/min at rest) resulted higher on steep uphill stretches with many bends (2.28 +/- .44 Kcal/min) than on less steep up- and downhill stretches and in city traffic (1.82 +/- .21 Kcal/min). The lowest energy expenditure--in some cases lower than the value found in the experimental rest--was recorded during motorway driving (1.28 +/- .19 Kcal/min). Pulmonary ventilation was characterized by frequent changes in rate and tidal air, in strict relationship with driving work bio-mechanical requirements (operation of the steering wheel). Also heart rate underwent ariations well in line with the energy expenditure pattern: of limited magnitude in uphill driving (+33% max over the value at rest), up to values identical with those at rest in the level highway drive. No appreciable variations were recorded in the respiratory quotient, calories/ventilation ratio and oxygen pulse. No significant changes occurred in arterial blood pressure, body temperature, auditory, visual and kidney functions, and in flexibility. Conversely, slight swelling (5%) of lower limbs was noticed at the end of the driving day. It was hence proven that--from the standpoint of energy expenditure--the work performed in driving a vehicle is not too exacting and does not induce particularly high nervous stresses. However, under given conditions, such as steady speed driving in level highway, a pre-sleep state occurs in all cases approximately after the first 30 minutes of driving, which in most cases the driver is not even aware of.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6679841 TI - [Proposal for evaluating the psychological effects of exposure to non-ionizing radiation in the work environment]. AB - Because of the growing national and international spreading of devices producing non-ionizing radiations, the AA consider the possibility of a deep study on some of the most precious and interesting effects, though controversial at the same time, described in occupationally exposed subjects: the psychological ones. Such a study, however, presents considerable difficulties because of the great deal of personal, domestic and social factors responsible for the arising of such a symptomatology. Therefore the AA suggest the use of a set of tests particularly aiming at leaving out such factors in the genesis of the psychological troubles; this set must be previously administered to a carefully selected sample in order to verify its accuracy, reliability, sensitivity and specificity, so that it will be possible to extend afterwards the research to larger samples of population. PMID- 6679842 TI - [A case of retinal degeneration in a man exposed to organophosphorus pesticides]. AB - The AA describe a case of retinal degeneration (cones and rods degeneration) which has arisen in a subject exposed to organophosphorous pesticides. The AA. discuss about the evidences of specialistic tests and point out the necessity of a particular attention to the sight apparatus in field of toxic exposures. PMID- 6679843 TI - Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures. PMID- 6679844 TI - Whiplash injuries of the cervical spine. PMID- 6679845 TI - Vertebral fractures. Chronic post-traumatic instability. PMID- 6679847 TI - Vertebral fractures. Classification, pathological and radiographic anatomy, radiographic diagnosis. PMID- 6679846 TI - Vertebral fractures. Clinical neurophysiology. PMID- 6679848 TI - Experimental grafts in spinal cord lesions (preliminary report). PMID- 6679849 TI - Closed treatment of cervical fractures and dislocations. PMID- 6679850 TI - Conservative treatment of thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures. PMID- 6679851 TI - Alterations in MAST suit pressure with changes in ambient temperature. AB - A study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that change in ambient air temperature has an effect on MAST suit pressure according to the ideal gas law. Two different MAST suits were tested on Resusci-Annie dummies. The MAST suits were applied in a cold room at 4.4 degrees C and warmed to 44 degrees C. Positive linear correlations were found in nine trials, but the two suits differed in their rate of increase in pressure. Three trials using humans were conducted showing increased pressure with temperature but at a lesser rate than with dummies. A correlation of 0.5 to 1.0 mm Hg increase in MAST suit pressure for each 1.0 degrees C increase in ambient temperature was found. Implications are discussed for the use of the MAST suit in environmental conditions where the temperature changes. PMID- 6679852 TI - Male sexual assault. AB - Reported cases of sexual assault in the United States increased 21% from 1974 to 1978. Recent literature discusses the medical, legal, and psychological management of the female sexual assault victim, but little has been written regarding appropriate management of male sexual assault. Twenty-nine male sexual assault victims were examined at University Hospital from 1976 to 1980. This study reviews evidence of genital and extragenital trauma and the percentage of those requiring gonorrhea prophylaxis. It further studies the background and characteristics of the sexual assault victim, characterization of the assailant, as well as the details and time of the assault. Information concerning male sexual assault and the unique problems associated with this group is scarce. This study is intended to aid in the development of an effective protocol in dealing with this group of patients and to sensitize physicians to this group of patients. PMID- 6679853 TI - Reassessing training levels for prehospital EMS personnel. AB - One of the major questions confronting prehospital care services today concerns determining the appropriate level of training for EMS personnel that will provide the most cost effective systems. Unfortunately there are no studies which assess this problem. Various communities have modified or expanded the roles of prehospital personnel beyond the traditional training of EMTs and paramedics. Continuing education and skills maintenance are ongoing problems faced by all EMS systems, which have been addressed in various ways by individual locales. PMID- 6679854 TI - The use of peritoneal lavage in the evaluation of penetrating abdominal trauma. PMID- 6679855 TI - Pediatric respiratory distress. PMID- 6679856 TI - Electrical osteogenesis by low direct current. AB - A constant direct current cathode was employed in the medullary canal of the rabbit tibia to investigate electrical osteogenesis at low current levels. Currents of 0.015 or 0.075 microA were delivered to the bone and the biological response was compared with contralateral controls receiving 20 microA. This investigation was performed to determine if electrical osteogenesis occurs at current levels below the previously studied range of 1-100 microA with stainless steel electrodes. New bone formed by 0.015 microA cathodes was statistically comparable with that found around inactive cathodes from an earlier pertinent study. The osteogenic response to 0.075 microA cathodes was significantly elevated above that to inactive ones, thus substantiating electrical osteogenesis for currents below 1 microA. However, it is evident that this does not demonstrate a further stimulatory range but that currents near 0.075 microA probably approach the lower significant limit for electrically induced bone growth with stainless steel electrodes. PMID- 6679857 TI - An experimental polyarthritis associated with systemic antigen excess in immune rabbits. AB - Rabbits were immunized with bovine serum albumin and later challenged intraperitoneally with the same antigen. Polyarthritis, characterized by synovial lining layer hyperplasia and leukocyte infiltration, was conditional on animals having excess free serum antigen in the presence of circulating immune complexes (IC). Nonimmune controls did not develop polyarthritis following antigen challenge. Data are presented that strongly suggest that synovitis was triggered by deposition of IC in the synovia. During the chronic phase of polyarthritis the synovium was clear of antigen but there was marked retention within joint fibrocartilage, suggesting that antigen, immobilized locally, may maintain the chronic synovitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There are several animal models in which experimental arthritis has been induced by antigenic challenge. The resemblance of the lesions to those of human rheumatoid arthritis has provided the rationale for studying the immune events associated with the onset of acute and maintenance of chronic phases of experimental arthritis. PMID- 6679858 TI - Relationship of isokinetic torque to isometric torque. AB - Isokinetic muscle testing has become an increasingly popular method for measuring muscle performance. However, the relationship of isokinetic strength measurements to static strength measurements remains unclear. The relationship between maximal isokinetic and maximal isometric torque was investigated at angular velocities of 24, 48, 96, and 192 degrees/s for both flexion and extension of the elbow joint. Twenty-four subjects were tested bilaterally, and discrete torque values at the positions of 60 and 90 degrees of flexion were obtained from the continuous isokinetic records for comparison with isometric torques recorded at the same two positions. Data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance with isokinetic torque, the dependent variable, expressed as a function of isometric torque and as a function of the design variables side and position. The results demonstrated significant effects of side and position and also demonstrated the dependence of isokinetic strength on velocity. Confidence intervals were determined for the prediction of isokinetic torque from observed isometric torque for normal individuals, providing a potentially useful tool to aid in the diagnosis of muscular disorders. PMID- 6679859 TI - Effects of increased systemic blood pressure on the tissue fluid pressure threshold of peripheral nerve. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the functional response of the median nerve at the wrist to various degrees of acute, local compression in hypertensive patients. After measuring resting tissue fluid pressure in the carpal tunnel of the nondominant hand of nine subjects (diastolic pressures of 90 mm Hg or greater), localized pressures of 50, 60, or 70 mm Hg were applied to the palmar aspect of the wrist. Motor and sensory latencies and amplitudes of the median nerve were evaluated before compression, during 30-240 min of compression, and during the postcompression recovery phase. Sensory responses were completely blocked at a threshold tissue fluid pressure of 60-70 mm Hg, measured by the wick catheter technique. This pressure threshold was greater than the 40-50 mm Hg previously found in normotensive subjects. The tissue pressure threshold of normotensive and hypertensive subjects was consistently 30 mm Hg below diastolic blood pressure (approximately 45 mm Hg below mean arterial blood pressure). These results support the concept that ischemia is the prime mechanism of conduction block in low pressure, nerve-compression syndromes. PMID- 6679860 TI - Natural history of healing in the repaired medial collateral ligament. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess morphologically the healing of repaired medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) in a rabbit model. Healing ligaments were examined grossly and histologically at various intervals, from 3 days to 2 1/2 years after injury, and compared with the appearances of normal age-, sex-, and activity-matched controls. Results show that all ligaments healed by bridging scar formation rather than true ligament regeneration. Increases in cellularity and temporary matrix disorganization along the entire length of the ligaments during healing suggest a combination of diffuse mechanical damage from their failure in tension and regional inflammatory injury (in excess of surgical exposure alone) from the processes of degradation and replacement. Substance that was not injured physically in this model demonstrated complete recovery, while that replaced by scar did not. Healing processes were similar to those of other highly specialized soft tissues (e.g., tendons), with short phases of hemorrhage and inflammation, an intermediate phase of proliferation, and a prolonged phase of remodeling. Failure of repairs to maintain anatomical apposition of torn ends may have contributed to the delay of these healing processes by increasing scar mass. Incomplete scar remodeling at 2 1/2 years, however, suggests much slower MCL healing than previously reported and probably, therefore, a longer period for potential treatment influence. PMID- 6679861 TI - NIH Consensus Development Conference: Total hip joint replacement. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, March 1-3,1982. Proceedings. PMID- 6679862 TI - [Electromyographical study of the intestinal movement in simple obstruction]. AB - An electromyographical study of the intestinal movement in simple obstruction was performed in dogs and the conclusions are as follows. When the intestinal tract was obstructed by a ligation apparatus, electromyographically spike waves disappeared reflectively in both upper and lower intestinal tracts in the ligation site, and the resting pattern showing only BER was maintained for 20 to 80 minutes. The spike waves which reappeared were blocked at the ligation site without conduction from upper part to lower part. A comparison of electric activities after obstruction shows that at the upper part activities started to increase earlier and then gradually decreased 5 hours after obstruction. Activities at the lower part, on the contrary, started to decline immediately and this declining tendency continued for long time. Abnormal propagation patterns appeared about 3 hours after obstruction and were observed at both the upper and lower parts of the ligation site. The propagation-velocity increased linearly for 7 hours after obstruction in the upper part and finally reach a plateau. At the lower part the velocity was nearly fixed at the control level. A comparison of BER frequency after obstruction shows that at the lower part of the ligation site the frequency decreased remarkably in an earlier period, while in the upper part it became prominent for 24 to 30 hours. PMID- 6679863 TI - [An experimental study on post-operative anti-reflux effect by modified Mark IV operation to esophageal achalasia]. AB - This study was intended to specify the most appropriate procedure of myotomy and fundoplication in the modified Belsey Mark IV operation toward the esophageal achalasia to prevent post-operative refluxes. Adult mongrel dogs were prepared under surgical operation of, short myotomy, short fundoplication, long myotomy, long fundoplication, long myotomy, long fundoplication of artificial hiatus hernia type control. After the well recovery, they were examined on their simultaneous evaluation of pH and inner pressure at three points, i.e. the esophagus, the high pressure zone (HPZ), and the stomach. At the same time, withdrawal pH curves, etc. were also determined. The discussion resulted that the group of short myotomy, short fundoplication and the group of artificial hiatus hernia type long myotomy, long fundoplication were significantly superior to the group of long myotomy, long fundoplication. As the consequence of the experiment, firstly, the possibility that the surgical operation of long myotomy, long fundoplication causes hypertension of the intrathoracic esophagus, which resulted in the dysfunction of the anti-reflux mechanism of the valves was suggested. Secondly, it has been revealed that this dysfunction did not occur in the surgical operations on the length of HPZ. And thirdly, when the conventional Mark IV operation, which buries all the portions of the fundoplication under the diaphragm, causes hypertension to the intrathoracic esophagus, the surgical operation of artificial hiatus hernia type shall be applied to herniate the upper portion of the fundoplication to the thoracic cavity. PMID- 6679864 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants]. AB - The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is observed as a zone with higher esophageal pressure by manometric studies and considered to save a barrier against gastric pressure. Mechanisms to prevent GER have still not been fully understood. Manometric studies and pH studies were performed in dogs and in infants. The following results were obtained: Experimental studies Increasing gastric pressure with 0.1 N HCl, LES relaxation was elicited by increased esophageal pressure after GER was detected by pH measurement. LES pressure increased with increased abdominal pressure and decreased with elevated intraesophageal pressure after intraluminal injection of normal saline. Inflation of the esophagus with air caused GER when gastric pressure elevated with 0.1 N HCl. Clinical studies Manometric studies were performed in 63 infants with or without GER. Infants with GER had higher esophageal pressure, lower LES pressure and shorter LES than infants without GER (p less than 0.001). In conclusion, these studies may indicate that relaxation of LES caused by increased intraesophageal pressure induces GER in infants. PMID- 6679865 TI - [Effects of truncal vagotomy on serum motilin levels, gastric motility patterns and gastric emptying: an experimental study]. AB - Using adult mongrel dogs, gastroduodenal motility, gastric emptying and pertinent serum motilin levels were measured under conscious states before and after transthoracic truncal vagotomy. Gastroduodenal motility was recorded by chronically planted strain gage transducers along the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric emptying was measured by X-ray examinations after barium-meat-meal ingestions or by gastric contents sampling method through the total pouch cannula after normal dog food ingestions. Results were as follows; Gastric motility patterns recorded by strain gage transducers were classified into two patterns that were a digestive pattern (D.P.) and an interdigestive pattern (I.P.). Serum motilin levels were elevated during high-amplitude contractions and lowered during resting phase of interdigestive periods. After vagotomy, strengths (heights) of antral contractions and phasic changes were decreased with the lack of I.P. These postvagotomy changes were thought to be related with the delayed gastric emptying after vagotomy. Gastric lavage through the cannula or pyloroplasty produced no effect on recovery of I.P. This fact suggested that the lack of I.P. was the direct effect of vagotomy and not due to delayed gastric contents emptying. On the assumption that motilin had the major role on the regulation of I.P., vagotomy seemed to produce an effect to prevent phasic motilin release. PMID- 6679866 TI - [An experimental study on temporal changes of post-operative anti-reflux effect by modified Mark IV operation for esophageal achalasia]. AB - This study was intended to elucidate possible temporal changes of the valve and fundoplication which are formed by modified Mark IV operation as a surgical treatment of esophageal achalasia. Heller's procedure was also studied in terms of its comparison with the above operation. Adult mongrel dogs were operated on as follows and studied at the following postoperative points: Heller's procedure at the forth postoperative week, Modified Mark IV operation at the forth postoperative week, Modified Mark IV operation at the third postoperative month. Postoperative comparative studies were made on temporal changes of the anti reflux effect by intraesophagogastric pressure and withdrawal pH examinations, measurements of intragastric pressure at reflux through simultaneous evaluation of intraesophageal pH and inner pressures at 3 points, i.e. the esophagus, the high pressure zone and the stomach, and histological and morphological examination. From the above the following conclusion was drawn: The valve formed by modified Mark IV operation showed temporally a shortening tendency, and a significant shortening of the length of valve was observed also in comparisons of values between the forth postoperative week and the third postoperative month. Also in terms of the measurement of inner pressures, a significant decrease was observed in the length and the force of high pressure zone. However, comparisons of the intragastric pressure values at reflux revealed no significant difference in values between the forth week and the third month after the modified Mark IV operation and almost similar anti-reflux effects between both in spite of a shortening of the valve. The above results suggested that more reliable and long term sustaining of the anti-reflux effect needed more extensive formation of the fundoplication. PMID- 6679867 TI - [Static and dynamic responses of mechanoreceptors within gastric wall to intragastric pressure changes]. AB - Adult cats were used under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia in order to investigate static and dynamic responses of mechanoreceptors within gastric wall to intragastric pressure changes caused by air inflation of the stomach. By means of tungsten microelectrodes, 17 afferent activities in response to gastric inflation were recorded from cervical vagal nerve trunk. Two modes of gastric inflation were applied (a) intermittent type for studying static response and (b) staircase one for studying dynamic response. The following results were obtained: Static response: An exponential relation was observed between intragastric pressure and frequency of gastric afferent activity, so maximal estimated frequency (fmax) and pressure constant could be calculated using method of extrapolation and method of least squares. Pressure constant is defined as an intragastric pressure at which frequency response is about 63% of fmax. Only one peak was seen in histogram of pressure constants of 17 afferent activities. Their average mean was 24 +/- 3 cmH2O. Dynamic response: A linear relation was observed between dynamic index and rate of pressure change. Dynamic index is defined as the net increment of frequency on dynamic phase of gastric inflation obtained by the difference between the maximal frequency and the frequency at three seconds after dynamic inflation. Dynamic constant which is considered to indicate the sensitivity of the receptor is defined by the slope of the regression line of dynamic index and rate of pressure change. Histogram of dynamic constant revealed two peaks, the large one with a mean of 10.2 +/- 4.0 imp divided by s/cmH2O divided by s and the small one with a mean of 2.5 +/- 0.5 imp divided by s/cmH2O divided by s. PMID- 6679868 TI - [An electromyographic study on the canine gastric motility following segmental gastrectomy with selective proximal vagotomy]. AB - In order to clarify the gastric motility after segmental gastrectomy (SG) with selective proximal vagotomy (SPV), seventeen canines equipped with four bipolar electrodes on the anterior wall of the stomach underwent four types of operation: 1-group, SG (middle corpus) with SPV-6 dogs; 2-group, SG (middle corpus) with SPV and pyloroplasty-5 dogs; 3-group, SG (upper corpus) with SPV-3 dogs; 4-group, SG (middle corpus) with antral vagotomy (AV)-3 dogs. 1-group: In the preanastomosis, the basic electrical rhythm (BER) frequency was not altered significantly, but the propagation velocity of the BER decreased by about 2 to 20% in the late postoperative period. In the postanastomosis, the BER frequency was markedly reduced, but progressively recovered to show the synchronization with that in the preanastomosis following 15 to 30 days postoperation. The propagation velocity of the BER decreased by about 3 to 25% in the late postoperative period. In the postanastomosis, dysrhythmias were observed to occur in high incidence in the early postoperative period, ut were transient occurrence. 2-group: The high frequency-dysrhythmias (about 10 cycles/min) were observed. Pyloroplasty increased the frequency of dysrhythmias due to deranging the electric insulator of the pyloric ring. 3-group: In the late postoperative period, the BER frequency didn't synchronize with that in the preanastomosis in fasting. 4-group: Dysrhythmias were observed to occur in the late postoperative period. It was suggested that the gastric motility of the SG with SPV recovered in the late postoperative period, therefore pyloric ring can be preserved. PMID- 6679869 TI - High K-induced contractions in rabbit and monkey tracheal smooth muscle. AB - High K-induced contractions in rabbit and monkey tracheal smooth muscle were characterized. A substituted 60 mM K, 94.1 mM Na solution produced a sustained contraction in both preparations. The 60 mM K-induced contraction in rabbit trachea was inhibited by Ca removal, verapamil, glucose-removal and hypoxia but not by sodium nitroprusside. The 60 mM K-induced contraction in monkey trachea was inhibited by Ca removal, verapamil, sodium nitroprusside and hypoxia but not by glucose-removal. In rabbit trachea a substituted 154.1 mM K, Na deficient solution induced a rapid rise in tension followed by a gradual decrease. Wet weight of rabbit trachea increased in the 154.1 mM K solution. Both the decrease in the developed tension and the increase in the wet weight were prevented by the hyperosmotic addition of sucrose (50-100 mM). The decrease in the developed tension was also partially antagonized by the addition of pyruvate or oxalacetate. In monkey trachea, the sustained contraction induced by the 154.1 mM K solution showed very slow decrease following the increase in the wet weight of the tissue. The decrease in muscle tension was prevented by the addition of hyperosmotic sucrose. These results suggest that, in rabbit tracheal smooth muscle, the decrease in the developed tension in isosmotically substituted high K, Na deficient solution may be attributable mainly to the swelling of muscle cells and partly to the inhibition of glucose utilization resulting from Na deficiency. In contrast, the contraction in monkey trachea seems to be inhibited, although slightly, by the swelling of the cells. PMID- 6679870 TI - Studies on differentiation of human mammary epithelial cells in culture: distinctive specificities of conditioned media. AB - Epithelium cultured from human milk contains cells of two types distinguishable by morphology and keratin pattern. First, the "open" type comprises cells which are isolated from one another, and which do not form typical epithelial sheets. Second, the "joined" type grow as tightly adjoining cell sheets. Clonal analysis shows that open cells, besides reproducing the same phenotype, can give rise to mixed colonies containing joined cells, thus indicating a pathway of in vitro differentiation. When conditioned medium was used to enhance colony growth it was found that human embryo lung fibroblasts release an activity which specifically enhances the open type of mammary epithelial cell. On the contrary the Nil 8 hamster fibroblast line and certain other cells release activities which primarily affect the joined cell type. This suggests that there are naturally occurring factors with specificities for distinct stages in mammary epithelial cell differentiation. PMID- 6679871 TI - The quantitative expression of delta and beta human globin genes is controlled by both 5' and 3' untranslated regions. AB - The basis for the wide difference in the amounts of haemoglobins A and A2 found in normal human blood is not yet known. By analysing existing data on the levels of haemoglobins Lepore, anti-Lepore, and the recently discovered haemoglobin Parchman, resulting from a double cross-over within the delta-beta region, it is shown that regulation of the expression of these genes must take place at sites located within both their 5' and 3' untranslated regions. PMID- 6679872 TI - Complement polymorphism, the major histocompatibility complex and associated diseases: a speculation. AB - Genes in the major histocompatibility complex code for three major groups of glycoproteins, now referred to as classes I, II, and III. Susceptibility to some autoimmune diseases and to systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with the presence of particular haplotypes of genes in these three classes. An attempt has been made to correlate these finding on the basis of the observation that different polymorphic forms of complement component C4 show varying efficiencies of complement activation. It is suggested that susceptibility to these diseases will be related to the varying efficiency of complement cell lysis and of immune aggregate dissolution by complement. This in turn will depend on the strength of interaction of the different polymorphic forms of C4 with other proteins (some also polymorphic) in the scheme of activation and inactivation of complement. Such an arrangement would lead to preferential association of certain alleles of C2, C4 and factor B and possibly also of class I and II antigens as potential targets of complement reaction. PMID- 6679873 TI - Bioenergetics of intact human muscle. A 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study. AB - The metabolic state of human muscle in various functional states has been investigated by the non-invasive technique of 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. The concentrations of phosphocreatine, ATP and inorganic phosphate as well as intracellular pH in the flexor digitorum superficialis have been measured during rest, dynamic exercise and recovery from exercise. The observed relationship between phosphocreatine utilization and decrease in intracellular pH during aerobic exercise indicates that lactate production only becomes significant after more than 60% of the phosphocreatine is used up. Surprisingly intracellular pH may reach as low a value as 5.9 to 6.1, indicating that phosphofructokinase is still partially active at pH 6.0. There is no metabolic recovery if the muscle is made ischaemic following exercise, implying that glycolysis is switched off as soon as exercise is stopped. Lactic acidosis is not the cause of this and presumably Ca2+ is needed to maintain the activation of phosphorylase kinase. The time-course of phosphocreatine recovery after exercise reflects the rate of oxidative metabolism, while pH recovery probably represents H+ ion export from the muscle cell. The dynamics of metabolic changes can now be observed with a time resolution of 10 to 60 seconds and thus disturbances in energy metabolism can be readily detected in several pathological states. PMID- 6679874 TI - Selective isolation of murine erythropoietin-responsive progenitor cells (CFU-E) with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Erythropoietin-responsive progenitor cells (CFU-E) from normal mouse foetal liver have been substantially purified on the basis of their differential binding to two monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with flow cytometry. This has allowed the formal identification of the foetal liver CFU-E as an early erythroid blast cell with a highly basophilic cytoplasm. It has also been possible to show a quantitative association of a membrane marker with proliferative potential within a single differentiation lineage. This is the first demonstration of such an association. Progenitor cells enriched in this way should allow study of the molecular mechanisms of erythropoietin action and also serve as a target for determining the cellular specificity of erythroid-transforming viruses. PMID- 6679875 TI - [Epidemio-clinical characteristics of ulcer disease in Vojvodina]. PMID- 6679876 TI - [Complement in acute respiratory infections]. PMID- 6679877 TI - [Disorders of humoral immunity in patients with Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6679878 TI - [Osteomas of the paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 6679879 TI - [Use of catheters for stone extraction in the treatment of ureteral calculosis]. PMID- 6679880 TI - [Familial spinal spastic paralysis--case study of the evolution of the disease through 5 generations]. PMID- 6679881 TI - [Cervical myoma]. PMID- 6679882 TI - [Personal experience in geriatric gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 6679883 TI - [Histocompatibility antigens in chronic diseases of the liver]. PMID- 6679884 TI - [Echoventriculographic diagnosis of cerebral atrophic processes]. PMID- 6679885 TI - [News in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular insult]. PMID- 6679886 TI - Clonal expansion of human B73.1-positive natural killer cells or large granular lymphocytes exerting strong antibody-dependent and -independent cytotoxicity and occasionally lectin-dependent cytotoxicity. AB - B73.1-positive natural killer (NK) cells were separated from B73.1- cells by fluorescent-activated cell sorting and used for the generation of cytotoxic clones. The B73.1+ and B73.1- cells were cultured at one responder cell per well in medium with feeder cells and interleukin 2 but without lectins. The plating efficiency of B73.1- cells (about 4%) but not of B73.1+ cells was increased 3- to 7-fold by addition of lectin. All B73.1+ clones showed a high cytolytic activity against a wide variety of human NK-susceptible target cells, such as K562, MOLT-4 and HSB, but not against murine cell lines (P815). They also lysed several NK insensitive Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell lines (B-LCLs), Daudi cells, the bladder tumor cell line T24 and melanoma tumor cells. B73.1+ clones also exerted antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Only 1 of 20 clones derived from the B73.1- fraction showed a similar pattern of cytolytic activity. In addition, some clones derived from both B73.1+ and B73.1- fractions were able to exert lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. PMID- 6679887 TI - No evidence for an association between natural killer cell activity and prognosis in melanoma patients. AB - Natural killer cell (NK) activity against allogeneic melanoma and Chang liver target cells were measured in a group of 212 patients with primary (stage I) melanoma and 85 patients with metastases in regional lymph nodes (stage II) 2-4 weeks after surgical removal of their tumor. No significant correlation was established between NK activity measured at this time and the recurrence-free period or death from melanoma in prospective studies ranging from 3 to 5 years. Trends for an association between these factors appeared to mainly reflect the influence of tumor growth on NK activity. These studies do not prove that NK activity is not important in host defences against melanoma but do suggest that such measurements in tumor-bearing patients are not related to subsequent prognosis of the patient. PMID- 6679888 TI - Cerebriform intradermal nevus. AB - Tumors make up almost 25% of the causes of cutis verticis gyrata. An underlying dermal nevus or neurofibroma is the tumor most often found. Two new cases of cutis verticis gyrata caused by an intradermal nevus cell nevus (cerebriform intradermal nevus) are presented. The importance of early diagnosis and aggressive surgical excision and plastic reconstruction in an attempt to minimize the emotional trauma of the required surgery is stressed. Cerebriform intradermal nevi are a type of large congenital nevi and should be evaluated with this in mind. PMID- 6679889 TI - Bjornstad syndrome and pili torti. AB - Two children with pili torti (twisted hairs) are reported, one of whom had sensorineural hearing loss. This combination of pili torti and deafness was described as a new genetic entity by Bjornstad in 1965. Although light microscopy demonstrated variable numbers of twists along the shafts of hairs obtained from both patients, scanning electron microscopy in both cases revealed flattening and diagonally arranged scalloped defects on only one side of the involved hair shafts rather than true twists. Early auditory testing should be performed in children with pili torti in order to secure early treatment of possible associated hearing loss. PMID- 6679890 TI - The incidence and significance of birthmarks in a cohort of 4,641 newborns. AB - An unselected cohort of 4,641 newborns was ascertained prospectively for the purpose of detecting any cutaneous lesion. These were catalogued into pigmented lesions, vascular lesions, and miscellaneous lesions. Several important findings were elucidated: congenital nevocellular nevi are speckled at their borders; no white newborn in the study had more than one cafe au lait mark; a hypopigmented tuft of hair was seen in one infant with tuberous sclerosis but is found more commonly in normal individuals; a previously undescribed lesion called zosteriform melanocytic nevus was seen as a normal pigmentary variant in blacks; and hypopigmented macules seen at birth are seen primarily in normal infants. It is hoped that these findings will allow the pediatrician and dermatologist to offer more meaningful prognostic information to their patients. PMID- 6679891 TI - Continuing education in pediatric dermatology: the role of pediatric and dermatologic journals. AB - To summarize the quantity, quality, and subject matter of articles pertaining to pediatric dermatology in current pediatric and dermatologic journals, 2,010 articles published in 1981 in 9 clinical journals were reviewed. Of articles in the pediatric journals, 4% had a primary dermatologic focus, and another 6% had a secondary dermatologic focus. Of the clinical articles in the dermatologic journals, 15% concerned only pediatric patients, and an additional 18% involved both pediatric and adult patients. The great majority of pediatric (65%) and dermatologic (83%) articles concerning pediatric dermatology were case reports, with lesser proportions of research reports and review articles. There was a relative scarcity of prospective clinical studies describing either the natural course of pediatric skin diseases or the effects of various therapies upon these diseases. Frequent topics of articles in both types of specialty journals included cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease, hereditary skin disorders, and bacterial skin infections. It is hoped that interest in this important field will promote mutually beneficial collaboration between pediatricians and dermatologists in the areas of patient care and clinical research. PMID- 6679892 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: applications for neurological abnormalities. AB - In recent clinical trials, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imagers have demonstrated their ability to generate images with superb contrast and spatial detail in multiple planes. Blood vessels are especially well defined without the use of contrast agents. Although NMR is highly sensitive to changes in tissue composition, the potential of NMR to differentiate among different pathologic entities remains to be fully elucidated. PMID- 6679893 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance computed tomography: the first clinical experience in Japan. AB - The first clinical experience of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Computed Tomography (NMR-CT) in Japan is reported here. The first series of patients include 37 with lesions in the brain, 5 in the thorax and 28 in the abdomen. The main advantages of NMR-CT are as follows: No ionizing irradiation exists. Sagittal and frontal tomograms are easily produced. Chemical status of tissue is shown by relaxation times (T1, T2) and proton density. Vascular structures are easily recognized and the blood flow can be estimated. Less bone artifacts are produced compared with X ray CT. (XCT) PMID- 6679894 TI - The value of the modified high temporal resolution phase analysis for the detection of myocardial infarction. AB - Recently, cardiac nuclear medicine, especially gated RI cardiac blood pool scan has been improved remarkably, and now phase analysis has been introduced. We have developed a new modified phase image, with the objective of improving the time resolution, by displaying a special range of phase angles (about pi/3 radian) with 16 color scales, which correspond to the ventricles. Compared with the conventional method, the high resolution phase image improved the sensitivity of diagnosis of the region of myocardial infarction. The sensitivity of the modified phase image was 91% (10 cases our of 11), whereas that of the conventional method was 27% (3 cases out of 11). PMID- 6679895 TI - Computed tomographic evaluation of hydronephrosis in uterine carcinoma. AB - By using computer tomography (CT) hydronephrosis was discovered in 13 cases (18 sides) of previously treated uterine carcinoma. Local tumor recurrence was found to be responsible in six cases, para-aorta nodal masses in three cases and intrapelvic nodal masses in two others. One case was considered to be due to vesicoureteral reflux resulting from radiation cystitis. It was difficult to distinguish increased fibrous tissue as radiation sequelae from tumor infiltration. A variety of causes of hydronephrosis in uterine carcinoma can be clarified by CT. PMID- 6679896 TI - Secondary esophageal carcinoma: report of two cases showing intraluminal tumor. AB - Two cases of secondary esophageal carcinoma showing intraluminal tumor are reported here. The one from pancreatic carcinoma showed a solitary sessile tumor which was misdiagnosed as primary adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The other from epipharyngeal cancer revealed small multiple nodules of the mid-esophagus. When an esophageal tumor is noted, the possibility of esophageal metastasis should be included in the differential diagnosis especially when tumors are multiple and are accompanied with central depression or have a tendency of intramural filling defect. PMID- 6679897 TI - Duplication of the renal pelvis and ureter: associated anomalies and pathological conditions. AB - Thirty-one patients with anomalous and/or pathological conditions in the duplication of the renal pelvis and ureter were studied in order to analyze the urographic findings. A segmental defect evident in the visualization was caused by the abscess of one of the poles in the kidney. In patients with hypoplasia of one of the poles, the other normal pelvis extended to the neighboring segment, and consequently showed the same pattern as a simple pelvis and ureter on urography. The renal hypoplasia was apt to be combined with simple or ectopic ureterocele and ectopic ureteral opening. In patients with non-visualization of two pelves, hydronephrosis or renal hypoplasia was proved by other radiological modalities including computed tomography. Incidence of vesicoureteral reflux was more frequent in the ureter of the lower pelvis. Reflux was also found between the two ureters of the bifid ureter. It was concluded that these urographical findings correlated closely with pathological conditions. PMID- 6679898 TI - Cytokinetic and cytotoxic responses of HeLa cells to the combination of hyperthermia and radiation. AB - Colony formation and cell cycle changes of HeLa cells were studied after the combination of hyperthermia and 60Co irradiation. Cells were heated by immersion in a water bath. The cell cycle progression was monitored using flow cytometry. The dose survival curve of asynchronous growing cells, with immediate postirradiation thermal treatment at 43 degrees C for 60 min, showed significant enhancement of radiosensitivity. When the sequence of heat and irradiation was varied, the greatest decrease in cell survival was obtained when irradiation was given immediately before or after thermal treatment. Flow cytometry analysis showed that irradiation of exponentially growing cells with 5 Gy induced a G2 block, and that heat treatment immediately after 5 Gy exposure caused a progression delay of the cells from G2 + M to G1 phase. Furthermore, the cellular DNA histogram at 48 hours after 5 Gy exposure, immediately before heating, had more cells in G2 + M phase as compared with cells exposed to 5 Gy alone or thermal treatment at 5 hours before or after 5 Gy exposure. These results suggest that hyperthermia immediately after irradiation inhibits some of the cells accumulated in G2 + M phase from traversing into G1 phase. This inhibition may be related to the synergistic cell-killing by hyperthermia and radiation. PMID- 6679899 TI - Experimental results with a whole body NMR-CT scanner using a resistive magnet. AB - A brief explanation is given on various advantageous features of NMR imaging methods for practical diagnostic purposes. A whole-body NMR-CT scanner utilizing a big resistive air-core magnet has been developed in cooperation with the Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo. This prototype NMR-CT scanner employs the projection-reconstruction-imaging method with a selective excitation technique for slicing. It can provide physicians with high quality proton NMR images within a practicable, acceptable short data-collection time. Typical NMR-CT images of healthy volunteers and patients were obtained in the experiments using this device, and are presented here. Although the images mainly reflect the hydrogen nucleus concentrations of the subjects, they are strongly affected by relaxation times T1 and T2 and also by the the subjects' internal and external bodily activities. The effects of various NMR parameters in the reconstructed images are analyzed and examples showing these parameter effects are demonstrated. Another advantage of NMR imaging shown here, is a sagittal image of a human body, which is difficult to obtain by using an X-ray CT scanner. PMID- 6679900 TI - Radiosensitivity of irradiated mouse skin to a second course of single and multifractionated irradiation. I. Early skin reaction. AB - Six or 12 months after a single or multifractionated gamma ray irradiation of the skin from the hind legs of mice, the response of the skin to the test dose in single or multi-fractionated (4-16) exposures was studied, using an early skin reaction as an endpoint. The pre-irradiated skin was relatively radioresistant compared to the previously untreated control skin in either dorsal or ventral sides of the legs. The variation in the skin sensitivity depending on the site of irradiation is also discussed for the pretreated and the untreated skin. PMID- 6679901 TI - Clinical method to estimate time of origin and maximum volume of malignant tumors. AB - The purpose of this study is to investigate a method to obtain the magnitude of growth parameters in the Gompertzian function growth model and to extrapolate this function forwards and backwards by applying the parameters. Non exponential linearity of malignant tumors has been reported and experimental and clinical evidence of growth limitation even in malignant tissues has also been detected. In clinical practices the conventional exponential growth model is often insufficient. So we applied the Gompertzian function to infer growth patterns using the parameters obtained from breast carcinoma skin metastases and from leiomyosarcoma lung metastases. We found that breast carcinoma grows faster but its growth rate retards more quickly, whereas the leiomyosarcoma grows slowly but its growth rate hardly regresses. Interesting results are obtained extrapolating this function forwards and backwards using the parameters. As a consequence the retardation factor becomes more important than the growth rate. PMID- 6679902 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in diseases of the central nervous system: initial results. AB - Initial experiences with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) imaging in various intracranial diseases are reported. The images were obtained with a 0.2 Tesla resistive magnet NMR-imager of SIEMENS and the influence of different imaging techniques (spin-echo and inversion recovery) with various imaging parameters (spin-echo) on the quality and the character of the images were studied. Typical clinical examples are demonstrated and first comments are made on the quantitative evaluation of T1- and T2-relaxation times. PMID- 6679904 TI - Application of reconstruction computed tomography in a case of tuber cinereum hamartoma. AB - A case of a 2-year-old girl with tuber cinereum hamartoma is evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Special reference is made to the application of CT image reconstruction, which has not yet been reported in the literature. The location, extent, shape and size of the mass lesion and also the anatomical relationship to adjacent structures are clearly demonstrated in sagittal and coronal CT images reconstructed from serial thin-section CT images in conjunction with target imaging and a review program. PMID- 6679903 TI - Model-driven visualization of coronary arteries. AB - In a joint project between the Department of Computer and Information Sciences and the Department of Radiology, we are applying techniques of artificial intelligence to improve clinical performance in coronary arteries. Specifically, we are investigating how images from intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) can be enhanced so that their efficacy for lesion detection and quantitation becomes comparable with that of the more dangerous procedure of selective coronary arteriography. The enhancement techniques (which include algorithms for 3-dimensional vessel detection, reconstruction and display, as well as for accurate lumen-size estimation) are based on models of (i) the 3 dimensional topological structure of the coronary arterial tree, (ii) myocardial dynamics, and (iii) the X-ray imaging process involved in producing digital subtraction angiograms. The evaluation of these model-driven visualization techniques is done by the standard psychophysical method of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis applied to observer performance tests on images from an animal coronary atherosclerosis model. PMID- 6679905 TI - Clinical indication of digital subtraction angiography. AB - Intravenous subtraction angiography with Technicare DR 960 has been performed in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, National Medical Center Hospital. All procedures are based on the non-invasive technique, i.e. with 5 cm length and 19 G. of cannula to the ante-cubital vein, and small amount of contrast material of half ml per kg of body weight kg as maximum dosage for pediatric patients. Image quality was evaluated by visual classification such as excellent, good, fair and poor. Among 335 procedures, 303 cases have brought useful diagnostic informations. 156 cases were excellent and good (47%). There were several specialized informations which might be worthwhile for DSA evaluation, i.e. 1. overlapping images, 2. static dynamic images, 3. density controlled image analysis, 4. three vessel visualized images and 5. well demarcated tumor images of extremities. Since the halo image around the true lumen of aneurysma suggested the outline of the false lumen, this phenomena might indicate the aneurysmal wall thickness. Poor risk patients and outpatients have been selected as our DSA candidates. The patient who is indicated for catheter technique angiogram were not examined by DSA. PMID- 6679906 TI - Dynamic lymphoscintigraphy with Tc-99m human serum albumin. AB - Dynamic studies of the lymphatic systems of 26 cases, of which 4 were healthy volunteers, were performed using an intradermal injection of Tc-99m human serum albumin (Tc-99m HSA). With the assistance of a computer, sequential images and time-activity curves of lymphatic vessels and/or lymph nodes were obtained for a period of 30 min after the injection from the cases who took no physical exercise. The image of the axillary or inguinal lymph nodes was identified 2-4 min after injection in cases with a normal lymphatic flow. The delayed appearance of radionuclide, the collateral pathways and the obstruction of the lymphatic system were clearly observed in patients with a flow disorder. The clearance rate at the injection site of Tc-99m HSA was approximately twice as fast as that of Tc 99m rhenium sulfide colloid. The high pressure in the dense connective tissue caused by intradermal injection and the high specific radioactivity of Tc-99m HSA were thought to be important factors for obtaining excellent dynamic lymphoscintigraphy. PMID- 6679907 TI - An effective dose computation model for fractionated radiation dose. AB - A mathematical model of sensitivity change and cell proliferation for fractionated radiation effect is presented here in which cell proliferation is regarded as part of the virtual recovery of radiated tissues. The obtained values of parameters in this model were applied to reported fractionated radiation data. The values in normal and malignant tissues were not identical. The difference of the values accounts for the increased therapeutic ratio in fractionated radiation. A procedure to optimize fractionated radiation schemes is also presented. PMID- 6679909 TI - The accuracy of medical certifications of cancer deaths and of cancer diagnosis in the municipal area of Barcelona in 1979. AB - Death certificates containing a diagnosis of cancer concerning residents of the municipal area of Barcelona were matched against their clinical records to assess the accuracy of medical certifications of cancer death. Out of 2,945 cancer deaths, medical records were available in 1,557 (53%). Both documents were in agreement in 81% of the cases. Information on quality of cancer diagnosis was collected by considering the best evidence available derived from the techniques used. Histology of the primary was present in 67% of the cases. Histology of a metastatic deposit or positive cytology was the best evidence in 10% and other techniques -clinical, X-Ray or laboratory tests- were the best method used in 23%. PMID- 6679908 TI - Radiotherapy in Japan. AB - It was estimated that in 1978, 77,000 patients received radiation therapy; this means almost one half of the patients suffering from cancer were referred for radiation therapy. Surgery and chemotherapy have also been used either before, after, or during radiation therapy, aiming at further improvement of local control of cancer. Intraoperative irradiation, which was firstly developed in Japan, has been applied for treatment of cancers arising from stomach, pancreas and the tumors requiring further improvement of dose distributions in the target volume. Particle radiation therapy using fast neutrons and protons is in under clinical trial in order to evaluate the role of dose distribution as well as biological effect in radiation therapy influencing upon local control of the tumor. PMID- 6679910 TI - [Urinary hydroxyproline and cancer of the breast]. PMID- 6679911 TI - Fine structure and axonal transport labeling of intraepithelial sensory nerve endings in anterior hard palate of the rat. AB - The fine structure of intraepithelial free nerve endings, Merkel receptors, and special (possibly chemosensory) corpuscular receptors has been examined in anterior hard palate of the rat. Samples were taken from the two anterior large rugae as well as from the more rostral incisive papilla. Most nerve endings were concentrated in regions in which the epithelium and connective tissue interdigitated extensively. The nerve endings contained relatively pale cytoplasm, a variety of vesicles, and numerous mitochondria. Distinctions could be made among different endings depending on their intraepithelial location, or on the degree of specialization of the neighboring epithelial cells. Simple (free) nerve endings entered the epithelium between epithelial papillae; upon entering, their basal lamina became associated with the epithelial basal lamina in various ways, and their Schwann cell sheath also entered the epithelium for a short length. Free nerve endings were found at various sites among the regular epithelial cells in the basal layers, the stratum granulosum, and stratum spinosum, and next to the stratum corneum border; they did not form specialized junctions with the epithelial cells. Intraepithelial nerve endings at all levels could be labeled by axonal transport from the trigeminal ganglion. Some nerve endings in anterior hard palate were associated with specialized epithelial cells, either in Merkel complexes or in apparent chemosensory corpuscles; both were labeled by axonal transport from the trigeminal ganglion. The specialized epithelial cells in the corpuscular receptors formed possible efferent and afferent synapses with the nerve endings. The nerve endings in the Merkel complexes formed junctions with the specialized Merkel epithelial cells. Both the Merkel complexes and corpuscular receptors were found in their respective characteristic epithelial papillae, which were surrounded by a dense plexus of subepithelial terminal axons and nerve endings. PMID- 6679912 TI - Tactile detection thresholds for a single asperity on an otherwise smooth surface. AB - An investigation was made of the capacities of humans to detect, by actively touching with the fingertip, the presence of a single, small asperity on a very smooth background. The asperity consisted of either a raised dot having a diameter of 602, 231, or 40 micron, or an edge, each etched into a silicon wafer using the methods of contact photolithography. The height of each dot or edge was varied and the subject was asked to make a forced choice on each test trial as to which of two wafers, one of which was blank, contained the asperity. The mean detection threshold, or minimal height of asperity corresponding to a d' of 1.35, was lowest for edges (0.85 +/- 0.22 micron, SD) and increased with decreases in the diameter of dot from 1.09 +/- 0.19 micron for a diameter of 602 micron to 2.94 +/- 1.19 micron and 5.97 +/- 2.02 micron for diameters of 231 micron and 40 micron, respectively. The type of skin displacement required for the detection of these small asperities was believed to be a local lateral deformation of the papillary ridges. PMID- 6679913 TI - Quantitative studies of stimulus coding in first-order vibrissa afferents of rats. 1. Receptive field properties and threshold distributions. AB - We examined stimulus-response relationships of vibrissa-activated mechanosensory neurons of the rat's fifth (trigeminal) ganglion. Single-unit activity was recorded with tungsten microelectrodes. The vibrissae were deflected with a variety of parametrically controlled stimulus waveforms. We found that the receptive field of each vibrissa-activated neuron consisted of a single vibrissa. Few, if any, unambiguous examples of spontaneous activity were observed in these neurons. Even if true spontaneous activity was present, its observed incidence was low, as were the measured discharge rates. Thresholds of individual neurons were usually quite discrete; often a 1-2% increase in pulse magnitude (angular displacement) above a level to which the neuron did not respond caused it to discharge on every trial. The distribution of thresholds for the sample was continuous with a median of about 1 degree and a range of over three orders of magnitude. The most sensitive neurons responded to deflections of less than 0.1 degrees. Many neurons responded to a single suprathreshold pulse with more than one spike. We found no consistent relationships among the thresholds of the additional evoked discharges of an individual neuron other than that the total number of evoked spikes either increased or stayed the same, but never decreased, as stimulus magnitude increased. About one-third of the neurons examined had velocity thresholds below 3 degrees/sec. Above that value, thresholds were distributed continuously throughout a range of over three orders of magnitude. The median velocity threshold was about 100 degrees/sec. The broad and continuous distributions of both magnitude and velocity thresholds suggest that a population of vibrissa-activated neurons can code stimulus strength smoothly and continuously over a wide range, even though individual neurons may be poorly suited to do so. PMID- 6679914 TI - Immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal polypeptide is concentrated in the sacral spinal cord: a possible marker for pelvic visceral afferent fibers. AB - Previous descriptions of immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in small-diameter dorsal root ganglion cells in the superficial dorsal horn implicated this 28 amino acid peptide in nociceptive transmission. In this study, we examined the distribution of immunoreactive VIP in the spinal cord and caudal medulla of cats and rats. The PAP method was used on paraffin and frozen sections of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed tissue, using antibodies to VIP that were raised in rabbits. The distribution of immunoreactive VIP, while similar to that of substance P (SP), a putative primary afferent peptide neurotransmitter, is more restricted. VIP staining is found in sacral dorsal roots and densely in the Lissauer tract. Dorsal horn staining is concentrated in lamina I. In contrast to SP, lamina II is almost devoid of staining. Labeled VIP axons course along the lateral curvature of the dorsal horn and arborize across lamina V and around the central canal. A collateral branch of these fibers distributes to the sacral autonomic nucleus. A few fibers could be traced from the root entry zone to the contralateral central gray. VIP axons also terminate between ependymal cells of the central canal. Unlike SP, immunoreactive VIP was restricted, almost exclusively, to the sacral cord. The few fibers in the lumbar enlargement and in the coccygeal cord apparently derive from ascending and descending sacral primary afferents. In fact, the VIP pattern is almost identical to that reported for afferents from the pelvic viscera, including a discontinuous rostrocaudal distribution. Since the staining pattern is also very similar to that of A-delta high-threshold mechanoreceptors, the possibility is discussed that whereas VIP is not a general "somatic" primary afferent transmitter, it may transmit nociceptive input from the pelvic viscera. PMID- 6679915 TI - Tonic descending influences on cat spinal cord dorsal horn neurons. AB - The extent and nature of tonic supraspinal influences was determined on cat spinal cord dorsal horn neurons that received both noxious (radiant heat) and nonnoxious (hair movement) inputs or only a nonnoxious input. The former cells receive a tonic inhibition that descends in the dorsolateral funiculi and which is selective for the noxious input. The latter neurons are under a tonic facilitation. PMID- 6679916 TI - Discrimination of innocuous and noxious thermal stimuli applied to the face in human and monkey. AB - Four humans and one monkey performed two-choice discriminations between simultaneous 3-sec heat stimuli applied to the face. All subjects produced more accurate discriminations in the noxious thermal range (approximately 47 degrees C) than in the innocuous thermal range (approximately 39 degrees C). The difference threshold, defined as the smallest temperature difference detected on 75% of the trials, was smaller for every subject at 47 degrees C than at 39 degrees C. The monkey's discriminative performance was comparable to that of humans in the noxious range, but inferior to that of humans in the innocuous range. Subjects' superior discrimination at noxious temperatures cannot be easily accounted for by differences in primary afferent activity of warm fibers and heat nociceptive fibers. However, differences in central processing or attentional modulation could contribute to superior discrimination in the noxious range. These findings indicate that heat-sensitive nociceptors are capable of transmitting precise information about noxious thermal input to the skin. PMID- 6679917 TI - The cells of origin of the dorsal column postsynaptic projection in the lumbosacral enlargements of cats and monkeys. AB - Dorsal column postsynaptic (DCPS) neurons in the lumbosacral enlargements of cats and macaque monkeys were retrogradely labeled by placing HRP on their severed axons within the dorsal columns. The enlargements of both species contained 800 1,100 labeled DCPS neurons. The DCPS projection is thus as large as the feline spinocervical tract. It is very probable that most of these neurons project to the dorsal column nuclei and thereby constitute one of the major sources of somatosensory input to the brain. In the cat, DCPS neurons were concentrated in a band centered in lamina IV that swept down through laminae V-VI along the medial border of the dorsal horn. A second concentration of labeled cells was found in dorsomedial lamina VII. In the monkey, DCPS neurons were concentrated in a relatively broader band in laminae III-IV, and scattered cells were consistently observed throughout laminae V-VII and X and in the dorsolateral white matter. The prominence of the monkey's DCPS projection suggests that humans also have such a projection. PMID- 6679918 TI - Suppression of bulboreticular unit responses to noxious stimuli by analgesic mesencephalic stimulation. AB - The responses of 302 neurons in the medial medullary reticular formation (MRF) to a variety of noxious and innocuous somatic stimuli were studied in anesthetized and awake rats. In addition, the effects of analgesic electrical stimulation in the mesencephalon (MES) on unit responses were examined. Tail shock was the most effective stimulus, exciting more than 80% of all units recorded. This stimulus was considered separately during data analysis, since it could not be classified as noxious or innocuous. Noxious somatic stimuli (including pinch, firm pressure, pin prick, and radiant heating of the tail above 45 degrees C were especially effective in eliciting discharge in a significant fraction of all cells in both awake (123/205) and anesthetized (45/97) animals. Nociceptive neurons could be classified as nociceptive specific (NS) or wide dynamic range (WDR) depending on their responses to all somatic stimuli tested. Nociceptive neurons showed no preferential anatomical distribution. Most neurons, including those responsive to noxious inputs, exhibited large, often bilateral receptive fields which frequently covered the tail, one or more limbs, and extensive areas of the body or head. Electrical stimulation within or adjacent to the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray matter depressed the spontaneous and evoked discharge of MRF neurons in both acute and chronic preparations. This inhibition showed a significant preference (p less than 0.001, chi-square statistic) for units that were excited by somatic and especially noxious stimuli. No units were facilitated by MES stimulation. In the awake rat, unit suppression closely followed the time course and level of MES-induced analgesia. Excitability data from the acute experiments suggest that this response inhibition may be the result of a direct action on MRF neurons. Anesthesia severely depressed the spontaneous discharge of MRF neurons as well as the activity evoked by innocuous somatic stimulation. Our data suggest that analgesia produced by MES stimulation is at least in part due to the depression of MRF unit activity, and support the hypothesis that MRF neurons play a critical role in the mediation of behavioral responses to noxious stimuli. PMID- 6679919 TI - The corticocuneate pathway in the cat: relations among terminal distribution patterns, cytoarchitecture, and single neuron functional properties. AB - A combined anatomical and physiological strategy was used to investigate the organization of the corticocuneate pathway in the cat. The distribution of the corticocuneate projection was mapped by means of the anterograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeling technique and correlated with the nuclear cytoarchitecture in Nissl and Golgi material, the distribution of retrogradely labeled relay cells after HRP injections in the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus, and the topographic organization derived from single- and multiunit recordings in the decerebrate, unanesthetized cat. This approach provided details about the arrangement of the corticocuneate pathway that were not available from previous studies with anterograde degeneration methods. On the basis of cytoarchitectonic and connectional features, a number of subdivisions are identified in the cuneate nucleus, each of which is associated with characteristic functional properties. In agreement with previous studies, it is found that a large portion of the cuneate nucleus, the middle dorsal part (MCd), is exclusively devoted to the representation of cutaneous receptive fields on the digits. This "core" region contains more thalamic projecting neurons than any other subdivision of the cuneate nucleus. A topographic arrangement also exists in the subdivisions of the rostral cuneate and of the nuclear region ventral to MCd, although in these, receptive fields are larger and predominantly, but not exclusively, related to deep receptors and involve the arm, shoulder, and trunk. Observations on corticocuneate projections were based on injections, mainly focused on functional subdivisions of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) as described by McKenna et al. (1981). Although cortical projections are mainly to cuneate regions other than its core, a significant proportion of fibers from the region of SI where the digits are represented (particularly area 3b) do project to the MCd region of the cuneate nucleus. Similarly, nuclear areas associated with receptive fields on the arm and trunk are labeled after injection in SI arm and trunk regions, respectively. Thus, a close topographic relationship appears to exist between the somatosensory cortex and cuneate regions related to the same body representation, although nuclear regions in which receptive fields on the neck area are represented receive very sparse or no detectable cortical projections even when the injection of the tracer involves the entire sensorimotor cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6679920 TI - Quantitative studies of stimulus coding in first-order vibrissa afferents of rats. 2. Adaptation and coding of stimulus parameters. AB - Mechanosensory neurons are often classified as either rapidly adapting or slowly adapting. We examined response decay (adaptation) during constant deflection of the vibrissae with quantitative, repeatable, ad hoc measures. We found that first order vibrissa-activated neurons of the fifth ganglion exhibit a variety of adaptation rates that appear to be distributed continuously between the rapidly and slowly adapting extremes. Also, adaptation rate is influenced markedly by stimulus magnitude. We found no evidence for a dichotomy within the more slowly adapting neurons on the basis of discharge regularity. Threshold tuning curves were used to evaluate vibration sensitivity. Both the best frequencies and 1:1 discharge thresholds for sinusoidal stimulation ranged over two orders of magnitude and were continuously distributed. First-order vibrissa-activated afferents exhibit a broad variety of response patterns to constant-velocity stimulation. The pattern of discharge varied both as a function of time during constant-velocity (ramp) deflection and as a function of stimulus velocity. Although information about the parameters of a stimulus may be conveyed by any of several features of the response pattern, it appears that few if any neurons function as "pure" encoders of any particular stimulus parameter. We examined quantitatively the relationship between discharge rate and both velocity and amplitude of vibrissa deflection with the aid of a computer-based curve-fitting procedure. We found that about half the observed rate-level functions were best described by a power function; the remainder were best fit by a logarithmic function. The parameters of the best-fitting functions varied widely and continuously, emphasizing further the diversity of coding properties of the rat's vibrissa afferents. Rate-level curves for stimulus magnitude generally exhibited saturation; some were nonmonotonic. None were described adequately by either a logarithmic function or a power function. PMID- 6679921 TI - [Lecithin therapy of hereditary ataxia]. AB - Eight patients with Friedreich's ataxia and eight others with syndrome of spino cerebellar degeneration received oral lecithin (21 g daily) for a six-month period. No relevant clinical change was note either during or soon after treatment. Statistical analysis was also irrelevant in the total number of patients. Similar results emerged when grouping the patients at the stage of the illness (stage II in contrast with stage III-IV). The outcome of therapeutical trials in literature is discussed in comparison with results. PMID- 6679922 TI - [Reiter's syndrome in 420 patients. Personal observations]. PMID- 6679923 TI - [Clinical, bacteriological and laboratory findings in children with acute diarrhea (diarrhoea acuta)]. Retrospective analysis of 1976-1982]. PMID- 6679924 TI - [Histological changes in the endometrium in women with metrorrhagia in the climacteric]. PMID- 6679925 TI - [Mortality due to myocardial infarct in Serbia (1971-1980)]. PMID- 6679926 TI - [Gout and diabetes]. PMID- 6679927 TI - [Acute infections with high fever states with a naturally favorable or unfavorable outcome. The role of fever in natural therapy]. PMID- 6679928 TI - [Comparative analysis of the appearance of the drum membrane,the pneumatization of the mastoid process and the tympanogram in patients with otosclerosis]. PMID- 6679929 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 6679930 TI - [Advantages of impedance measurement in the differential diagnosis of conduction deafness]. PMID- 6679931 TI - [Significance of intravenous urography in the diagnosis of obstructive uropathies in the newborn infant and child]. PMID- 6679932 TI - [Acquired immune deficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6679933 TI - [Terminology associated with the perception of pain. (Terms in algology)]. PMID- 6679934 TI - Annual statistical supplement, 1983. PMID- 6679935 TI - The accumulation of putrescine and paraquat into lung slices taken from BHT treated mice. AB - Putrescine and paraquat have been shown to accumulate in slices of mouse lung by a process which obeys saturation kinetics. The Vmax for the process was similar for both compounds (1.18 and 1.29 mumol/g wet wt/h) although the apparent Km for putrescine was 15 microM compared with 209 microM for paraquat. Mice were given a range of doses of BHT (i.p.) and the sequence and nature of the changes in morphology of the lung determined by light and electron microscopy. Lung slices were prepared from mice given BHT, and their ability to accumulate both paraquat and putrescine was determined. Within 4 days of dosing with 200 mg BHT/kg, there was marked cellular proliferation in the lung with an increase in the number of type II epithelial cells. Seven days after dosing the lungs had generally returned to their normal morphology with only occasional areas in some lungs showing evidence of damage. Between 1 day and 7 days after dosing, slices of mouse lung showed a reduced ability to accumulate paraquat or putrescine. This did not return to control values until 14 days. The greatest reduction in the accumulation of either compound was seen 4 days after dosing when the proliferation of the type II epithelial cells was most marked. Mice given 150 mg BHT/kg showed similar but less extensive morphological change and the ability of lung cells from these mice to accumulate paraquat or putrescine was not as severely reduced compared with mice given 200 mg BHT/kg. With doses of 100 mg BHT/kg the accumulation of paraquat and putrescine was only slightly reduced and there was a correspondingly minimal affect on lung morphology. The lungs of mice given 50 mg BHT/kg were unaffected as was their ability to accumulate either compound. The results from this study, when taken in the context of previously reported data, support the conclusion that paraquat is accumulated into the lung by a process responsible for the uptake of putrescine. In the rat, paraquat and putrescine are known to accumulate in alveolar type II cells and therefore it appears that the regenerating alveolar type II epithelial cell is functionally unable to accumulate these compounds and may be considered physiologically similar to type II epithelial cells in immature animals. PMID- 6679936 TI - Bile secretion and liver microsomal mixed function oxidase system in mice with griseofulvin-induced hepatic protoporphyria. AB - Administration of 2.5% griseofulvin in the diet to male CD1 mice produced protoporphyria and cholestasis. Protoporphyria became evident as early as after 10 days of treatment, whereas cholestasis, expressed in terms of total bile flow reduction, developed only after 45 days of griseofulvin. Bile flow impairment was due both to the length of treatment and to the severity of liver protoporphyria. Griseofulvin administration was also associated with a significant modification of the relative amounts of hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450 and b5, a loss in concentration/mg of protein of cytochrome P-450 and a concomitant increase of b5. Despite these changes, the activity of aniline hydroxylase expressed per mg of microsomal protein, assessed in vitro, was not modified. PMID- 6679937 TI - DNA breaks induced by micromolar concentrations of dimethylnitrosamine in liver primary cell cultures from untreated and phenobarbital treated rats. AB - Direct genotoxic effects of the alkylating agent dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) have been difficult to detect in several short-term tests. We simplified our method to detect DNA breaks induced by DMN in rat liver primary cell cultures, and increased its sensitivity about 150 times by changing the conditions of ultracentrifugation and exposure to DMN. Additionally we increased 4 times the sensitivity of the improved assay by isolating hepatocytes from rats treated with phenobarbital (PB). Treatment for 24 h with 60 microM and 13.5 microM DMN of hepatocytes isolated from untreated and PB-treated rats, respectively, decreased the molecular weight of DNA by 50%. After 24 h exposure to 13.5 microM [14C]DMN, hepatocytes from PB-treated rats incorporated 3 times more radioactivity into trichloroacetic acid precipitable material than hepatocytes from untreated rats. Also PB-treatment increased remarkably cytotoxic effects of DMN while it did not modify the cytotoxicity nor the genotoxicity of the direct-acting alkylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. These results show that DMN is more genotoxic for hepatocytes from PB-treated rats, and suggest that the enhanced genotoxicity is probably due to an augmented metabolism of DMN by these cultures. Our improved assay of DNA breaks as an indicator of DMN genotoxicity is now as sensitive but faster to perform than hepatocyte-mediated mutagenesis. It could be used to explore genotoxic effects of other alkylating agents and the action of microsomal enzyme modifiers on genotoxicity. PMID- 6679938 TI - Potential neuromuscular toxicity of N'-(2,4-xylyl)-N-methyl formamidine HCl in rodents. AB - The mammalian neuromuscular toxicity of N'-(2,4-xylyl)-N-methyl formamidine hydrochloride (U-40481A) was evaluated by programmed screening. The LD50 for mice, determined 48 h after single, subcutaneous (s.c.) injections, was 107 mg/kg body wt. Acute toxicity signs included abnormal gait, hindlimb hyperextension, transient hyperactivity followed by a protracted phase of hypoactivity, ataxia, progressive respiratory difficulty, cyanosis, loss of righting reflex, and death. Relatively low doses of U-40481A (1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, s.c.) markedly impaired the ability of trained mice to ride a rotating rod (rotarod). U-40481 (the base, 1-8 X 10(-4) M) reduced isometric contractions of the isolated rat hemidiaphragm obtained by supramaximal electrical stimulation of either the phrenic nerve or the diaphragm itself in a dose-dependent manner. The neurological deficit and motor incoordination signs observed during acute toxicity testing and in the rotarod study are, at least partly, due to the ability of U-40481A to (i) interfere with neuromuscular transmission, and (ii) decrease skeletal muscle contractility by a direct action on the muscle itself. These 2 effects may also be involved in U-40481A-induced mortality in mice. PMID- 6679939 TI - Electron microscopic and x-ray microanalytic evaluation of cardiac valve bioprostheses. AB - The importance of the study of the subcellular structure of cardiac valve bioprostheses by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis lies in the data it may provide for morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and pathology, as well as in clinical and surgical application. PMID- 6679940 TI - Cataracts in rats given a bladder carcinogen, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. AB - Cataracts were incidentally found at week 30 in six out of 65 female Wistar rats given a urinary bladder carcinogen, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in a 0.05% solution in drinking water for 8 weeks and then treated with mitomycin C, a retinoid or a combination of both. No cataracts were found in 12 control rats given no carcinogen. Although the difference in the incidence was not significant statistically, the present finding suggests the possibility that administration of BBN induces or facilitates the development of cataracts. PMID- 6679941 TI - An electron microscopic study of early reversible hydroxyurea cataracts in vitro. AB - The crystalline lenses of male white Wistar rats weighing 100 gr. were cultured in a culture fluid containing 5 X 10(-2) M hydroxyurea. The epithelial cells forming multiple layers in the equatorial region on the 4th day of incubation and swollen epithelial cells were studied by electron microscopy and the results are summarized as follows; The epithelial cells forming multiple layers retained a desmosome-like structure near the apical region. It was assumed that these cells preserve their epithelial properties. The cellular morphology and subcellular organela had the characteristics of epithelial cells. The scarcity of microtubules in the epithelial multiple layers was interpreted as reduced capacity of these cells for elongation. PMID- 6679942 TI - Ultrastructural and biochemical studies in human adrenocortical adenomas associated with primary aldosteronism. AB - Correlation between ultrastructural features and adrenal steroid hormone contents was studied in two human adrenocortical adenomas associated with primary aldosteronism. In two adrenocortical adenoma cells, large numbers of lipid droplets were characteristically observed in the cytoplasm, these lipid droplets were closely related to the endoplasmic reticula or mitochondria. On the other hand, biochemically, in two adrenocortical adenomas, aldosterone and progesterone were higher than those in the normal parts of the same adrenal glands. Whereas, dehydroepiandrosterone was less than that in the normal parts of the same adrenal glands. From these data, the functional aspects in adrenocortical adenomas associated with primary aldosteronism are discussed. PMID- 6679943 TI - Synthesis of mono- and diglucosiduronates of metabolites of deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone and analysis by a new mass spectrometric technique. AB - By condensing 3 alpha,21-dihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one, or its appropriate monoacetate, with methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1-bromo-1-deoxy-alpha-D-glucuronate in the Koenigs-Knorr reaction beta-D-glucosiduronates 10, 4, and 7 were obtained as polyacetate methyl esters. Alkaline hydrolysis of these substances cleaved the ester groups and gave the corresponding steroidal glucosiduronic acids 12, 6 and 8. Upon treatment with diazomethane, these acids produced the equivalent methyl esters. The C-3, the C-21 and the C-3,21 glucosiduronates of 3 alpha,21-dihydroxy 5 beta-pregnan-11,20-dione were prepared by previously reported methods and converted into the corresponding C-20 semicarbazones (14, 20 and 26). With C-20 stabilized by the semicarbazone group against reduction, it was possible to reduce the 11-oxo function in these substances to an 11 beta-hydroxyl group; after removal of the semi-carbazone moiety from these products at pH 2.0, glucosiduronic acids 18, 22 and 28 were obtained. The mass spectra of a representative group of the mono- and diglucosiduronic acids and esters were determined by utilizing fast atom bombardment and monitoring ions in both positive and negative modes of operation. PMID- 6679944 TI - Metabolism of spirolactones by the rat testis in vitro. AB - Spironolactone (SPIR) has been shown in numerous clinical studies to produce sexual disorders. We studied the metabolism of canrenone (CAN), the main metabolite of SPIR, and of the analogue 6,7-dihydrocanrenone (DHC) by the rat testis in vitro. The metabolites produced during a 4 h incubation period were isolated by HPLC and identified by nmr-, ms-, ir- and uv-spectrometry. SPIR was not metabolised in a detectable amount. CAN was converted to canrenoic acid, several hydroxylated (15 beta-, 16 alpha-, 19-, 2OR- and 21S-OH-CAN) and one reduced metabolite (3 alpha-OH-CAN). When DHC was incubated, an analogous pattern was detected. It is concluded that CAN and DHC serve as substrates for steroid metabolism in the rat testis. PMID- 6679945 TI - Androstenedione metabolism in epithelial cells derived from early-lactation human milk. AB - Epithelial cells derived from duct epithelium were cultured from early lactation human milk in medium supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum, insulin (0.3 u/ml), cortisol 21-sodium succinate (6 micrograms/ml) and amikacin (50 micrograms/ml). The capacity of these cells to metabolize androstenedione to estrone, estradiol and C19 metabolites was studied during continuous culture. After extraction of the medium, the products were subjected to phenolic partition and separated by thin-layer and paper chromatography, followed by recrystallization to constant specific activity. The study demonstrated a progressive increase in the formation of estrone and testosterone over the first 24 h in culture, while estradiol formation showed an initial 2-4 h lag, then increased slowly. The C19 compounds identified were androsterone, 5 alpha-androstanedione, epiandrosterone, dihydrotestosterone and etiocholanolone. 5 alpha-Androstanedione and androsterone were the major 5 alpha-reduced metabolites. Since these cells are derived from normal duct epithelium, their metabolic characteristics may be more representative of normal breast tissue than those of tissue removed from patients with pathological breast disorders. PMID- 6679946 TI - Significance of lipoidal estradiol in human mammary tumors. AB - Incubations of p-nitrophenyl fatty acyl esters and estradiol-17 beta fatty acyl 17-esters with porcine esterase, human mammary tumor cytosol and rat uterine cytosol leads to ester hydrolysis of compounds with short chain fatty acids. Esters with long chain fatty acids show no hydrolysis except in the presence of Tween 80. Short chain fatty acid esters have a higher binding potency to the estrogen receptor than long chain fatty acid esters. Extraction of the nuclear receptor peak sedimenting at 4.6S and identification of the steroid showed that about 90% of the radioactivity was associated with estradiol and only 10% with estradiol esters. These studies show that estradiol fatty acyl esters act as a storage form from which estradiol is released by enzymatic hydrolysis. PMID- 6679947 TI - Identification of estrogen receptors in granulosa cells of immature rats. AB - Nuclear and cytoplasmic binding sites for estradiol (E2-17 beta) in granulosa cells of immature rats were characterized. These binding sites for estrogen were high affinity, low capacity with an affinity constant (Kd) of 1.9 X 10(-10)M (binding capacity, Ro = 80 pM) for nuclear sites and a Kd = 3.5 X 10(-10) M (Ro = 45 pM) for cytosol sites. Binding was specific for biologically active estrogens. The estrogen receptor in granulosa cells is a protein and heat-labile as treatment with protease or pre-incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 h significantly diminished binding. RNase and DNase had no effect on estrogen binding. Sedimentation coefficients for nuclear and cytosol binding components were 5S and 8S respectively, similar to values obtained with uteri. Finally, translocation was demonstrated after a s.c. injection of E2-17 beta. Forty-five minutes post injection, cytosol binding sites for estradiol were depleted concomitant with accumulation of nuclear binding sites. We concluded that granulosa cells of immature rats have binding sites specific for estradiol which have characteristics similar to the classical estrogen receptor in uteri. PMID- 6679948 TI - Identification of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 25, 26-pentol in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. AB - An unrecognized pentahydroxy bile alcohol has been isolated from the bile and feces of patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX). Its structure, 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 25, 26-pentol has been deduced by spectroscopic methods and confirmed by comparison with a synthetic analog. PMID- 6679950 TI - Acceptance of the George M. Kober Medal for 1983. PMID- 6679949 TI - Chromic anhydride-3, 5-dimethylpyrazole complex: an efficient reagent for oxidation of steroidal estrogens to 6-oxo-derivatives. AB - An efficient procedure for the oxidation of steroidal estrogens to the corresponding 6-oxo-derivatives is described. The oxidative process involves the use of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole-chromium trioxide complex at low temperature (-20 degrees). Under these conditions, only the 6-oxo-derivative and the unreacted starting material were obtained and the latter could be subjected to oxidation once again to obtain additional amount of 6-oxo-derivative. PMID- 6679951 TI - Biomedical research: a future challenge for clinical departments. PMID- 6679952 TI - Hepatic lipid peroxidation in vivo in rats with chronic dietary iron overload is dependent on hepatic iron concentration. PMID- 6679953 TI - Essential thrombocythemia: clinical and laboratory characteristics at presentation. PMID- 6679954 TI - Treatment of malignant pheochromocytoma with a new radiopharmaceutical. AB - A new radiopharmaceutical, [131I]metaiodobenzylguandine, concentrates in some malignant pheochromocytomas. Five patients were treated with two to four doses of [131I]MIBG (99-197 mCi/dose). Two patients had substantial subjective and objective responses. [131I]MIBG is the first chemically synthesized radiopharmaceutical of complex molecular structure to reduce cancer. PMID- 6679955 TI - Mitochondrial bicarbonate carrier: a site of regulation of renal substrate metabolism by acid-base changes. PMID- 6679956 TI - Inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet adherence to vascular cells by synthetic thrombin inhibitor No. 805. PMID- 6679957 TI - Physiological and physiochemical correction and prevention of calcium stone formation by potassium citrate therapy. AB - Long-term effects of potassium citrate therapy (usually 60 mEq/day) were examined in 53 patients with renal stones (11 with uric acid lithiasis with complication of calcium stones, 10 with hypocitraturia as the sole abnormality, and 28 with hypocitraturia occurring with other abnormalities such as absorptive hypercalciuria, renal tubular acidosis, hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, and enteric hyperoxaluria). Potassium citrate was given alone in 29 patients, added to thiazide and/or allopurinol treatments in 12 patients who continued to form stones on these treatments, and begun concurrently with thiazide and/or allopurinol in 12 patients with hypocitraturia and other defects (hypercalcuria and/or hyperuricosuria). In all three groups of patients, urinary citrate and pH significantly increased during potassium citrate treatment. Urinary saturation of calcium oxalate significantly declined while that of brushite remained unchanged. The propensity for the spontaneous nucleation of calcium oxalate, determined from the minimum amount of added oxalate required to elicit precipitation, declined. The treatment was effective in preventing new stone formation in all three groups. Stone passage rate declined from 5.14-7.41 stones/patient year before potassium citrate treatment to 0.66-1.33 stones/patient year during treatment, and 75.0-91.7% of patients were in remission. In patients who relapsed on other treatments (with passage of 5.14 stones/patient year), the addition of potassium citrate to the ongoing treatment program reduced stone formation to 1.33 stones/patient year and caused remission in 91.7% of patients. In 14 of 33 patients with preexisting radiopaque stones, there was radiological evidence of a reduced number of stones after 8 months-2 years of potassium citrate treatment. In conclusion, potassium citrate restores normal urinary citrate, decreases saturation and propensity for spontaneous nucleation of calcium oxalate, and inhibits new stone formation. PMID- 6679958 TI - Mechanism of enterohepatic circulation of vitamin B12: movement of vitamin B12 from bile R-binder to intrinsic factor due to the action of pancreatic trypsin. PMID- 6679959 TI - The developing colon: a nutritive organ? PMID- 6679960 TI - Visualization of hydrogen peroxide in living polymorphonuclear neutrophils utilizing leucodiacetyl 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin: photomicrographic and microphotometric studies. PMID- 6679961 TI - Vasoactive intestinal peptide counteracts leukotriene D4-induced contractions of guinea pig trachea, lung, and pulmonary artery. PMID- 6679962 TI - Potassium protects against renal tubule lesions in NaCl-fed hypertensive Dahl S rats. PMID- 6679963 TI - The honeybee syndrome: teratogenic effects of mannose during organogenesis in rat embryo culture. AB - The relevance of our present findings should not rest on the possible role of mannose as an important teratogen in man. Excessive exposure to mannose during pregnancy via dietary intake seems unlikely since mannose is absorbed poorly from the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal hydrolysis of mannosidic linkages may be minimal. Moreover, although some plasma mannose may be generated continuously from endogenous sources via the cleavage of mannose-6-phosphate by hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase or mannosidic linkages by other hydrolases, our ongoing surveys have not uncovered any specimens of plasma or amniotic fluid containing mannose in amounts which could compete effectively with prevailing levels of glucose. Although we are continuing to monitor clinical samples for unusual mannose levels, we believe that the major significance of our experiences with this hexose pertains to its applications as a physiological tool for evaluating the metabolic determinants of early organogenesis. Within the above context, our findings must be viewed in relation to the known features of energy metabolism in the embryo during the interval that we have studied (Fig. 9). The classic studies of Shepherd and colleagues, similar findings by others, and more recent experiments in our own laboratory have indicated that glycolysis constitutes the chief energy source for the post-implantation embryo prior to the establishment of the yolk sac circulation on day 10 1/2. Almost all of the assimilated glucose goes to lactic acid, mitochondrial electron transfer is poorly developed, and oxidative metabolism via the Krebs' cycle is minimal. Meaningful Krebs' cycle activity does not become operative until day 10 1/2 and full expression is not found until the establishment of the allantoic circulation on day 11 (Fig. 9). The present experiences with mannose provide the first documentation of how precariously development is balanced during that transitory 9 1/2-10 1/2 day phase of organogenesis when glycolysis predominates. We have shown that even minor perturbations of glycolytic flux during that interval can result in major dysmorphogenic sequelae. Thus, the proposition by Kalter and Warkany that "any meaningful attempt to reduce infant mortality further will have to address the still unresolved causes of congenital malformations" prompts our speculation that major congenital lesions may result from relatively minor disturbances in glycolysis occurring prior to oxidative maturation in the embryo unit. Such effects on glycolysis during this vulnerable phase of embryogenesis could provide a common basis for the teratogenic actions of many unrelated and as yet unidentified agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6679964 TI - Glomerular biosynthesis of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in nephrotoxic serum nephritis. PMID- 6679965 TI - A possible explanation for leukocytic infiltration of the liver in acute alcoholic hepatitis: ethanol-induced generation by hepatocytes of a lipid chemotactic factor. PMID- 6679966 TI - The renal hemodynamic response to amino acid infusion in the rat. PMID- 6679967 TI - Amplification of the human alpha-globin gene enhances its expression. AB - We investigated the effect of globin gene amplification on alpha-globin gene expression. Chinese hamster ovary cells were transformed with a plasmid containing the human alpha-globin gene linked to a functional dihydrofolate reductase gene, and the transformed cells were selected with increasing concentrations of methotrexate in the culture medium. A cell clone which was resistant to 0.1 mM methotrexate showed a 500-fold amplification of the transformed alpha-globin and DHFR genes. Both genes expressed high levels of their respective mRNAs. The mRNAs were functional and were translated to alpha globin and DHFR proteins. Thus, one strategy for globin gene therapy is to achieve a high copy number of the transformed globin genes. PMID- 6679968 TI - A complete system for transportation of critically ill patients with acute cardiorespiratory failure. PMID- 6679969 TI - Pneumatically powered, electronically controlled infusion pump. PMID- 6679970 TI - Toe temperature--a monitor of perfusion failure (shock). PMID- 6679971 TI - [Clinical pharmacokinetics of high dose methotrexate]. PMID- 6679972 TI - [Effect of tetrandrine and calcium chloride on the impedance cardiogram of anesthetized dogs]. PMID- 6679973 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of san chi (Panax notoginseng) root, leaf, flower and saponins on anesthetized dogs]. PMID- 6679974 TI - [Studies on potent analgesics. V. Synthesis and analgesic activity of the ester derivatives of N-(1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidyl)-N phenylpropan amide (7302)]. PMID- 6679976 TI - [Synthesis of some cephalotaxine ester analogs]. PMID- 6679975 TI - [Synthesis of antidotes for organophosphorus insecticides--4-(t-butyl)-1-[(3 substituted acyl) pyridino]-methyl-oxymethylene-pyridinium diiodide]. PMID- 6679978 TI - [Pharmacognostical study on eighteen medicinal species in genus Stephania]. PMID- 6679977 TI - [Application of diffuse reflectance spectra in studying the stability of solid drugs]. PMID- 6679979 TI - [Synthesis of an oral contraceptive quingestanol]. PMID- 6679980 TI - [A new simplified method for the synthesis of muscimol (5-aminomethyl-3 hydroxyisoxazole)]. PMID- 6679981 TI - [Studies on chemical constituents of pingpeimu (Fritilaria ussuriensis Maxim). II. Isolation and identification of pingpeimine glucoside]. PMID- 6679982 TI - [Study on dycloninium-selective electrodes]. PMID- 6679983 TI - [Pharmacological and clinical studies of Thevetia neriifolia]. PMID- 6679985 TI - Effect of noradrenaline on rest-dependent and excitation-dependent exchange of calcium in the ventricular muscle of guinea-pig heart. AB - The effect of noradrenaline (NA) on the "contractile calcium" was investigated in the ventricular muscle of guinea-pig heart. It was found that NA in doses increasing the steady-state contractile force by 50-100% increased the beat-to beat exchange of 45Ca (Ca1 fraction) by about 50%, and significantly increased Ca2 fraction which is lost from the cells at rest and re-accumulated during subsequent stimulation. It has been proposed elsewhere that this fraction may control the force of contractile response to the triggering Ca1 fraction. It is concluded that NA increases beat-to-beat Ca exchange and affects intracellular Ca distribution. PMID- 6679984 TI - Effect of prostaglandins on morphine-induced catalepsy in mice. AB - The effect of prostaglandins (PGs) F1 alpha, F2 alpha, E1, E2, D2, I2, A1, B1 injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain on morphine-induced catalepsy was studied in mice. The PGs were administered in doses of 1 microgram, the dose of morphine was 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally. It was found that PGs E1, E2 and D2 weakened, and F1 alpha, F2 alpha and I2 increased morphine-induced catalepsy. The results of this experiment showed a modifying effect of exogenous PGs on morphine induced catalepsy, the effect differed depending on the prostaglandin used. PMID- 6679986 TI - Serum levels of free and bound hydroxylysine in healthy humans. AB - In 38 male and 42 female healthy subjects serum concentrations of free and peptide-bound hydroxylysine were determined. There were no statistically significant differences between men and women. PMID- 6679987 TI - The effect of reduced dietary protein level on the activity of transketolase and glutathione reductase in pig erythrocytes. AB - The effect was investigated of decreased protein level in a food ration on covering the requirements for vitamins B1 and B2. Two feeding experiments were conducted, each on 32 fattening pigs of Polish Landrace breed. The activity of transketolase and glutathione reductase in erythrocytes and vitamin B1 and B2 level in blood and liver were determined. It was shown that a reduction of the diatery protein level by 25% caused a decrease of thiamine utilization by pigs. It indicates the necessity of a dietary supplementation with a synthetic vitamin B1 preparation in such a condition. A reduced activity of glutathione reductase, indicating a riboflavin deficiency, was observed only when the low protein diet was additionally deprived of a vitamin-mineral premix containing a fodder B2 preparation. Reduction of the dietary protein level by 25% was not associated with the risk of riboflavin deficiency, provided that the ration was supplemented with a standard dose of synthetic vitamin B2. PMID- 6679988 TI - Injury and regeneration in rat small intestine cells after exposure to neutrons. AB - The degree of damage to intestinal crypt epithelium and the process of its regeneration was studied after exposure to neutrons in rats. The aim of the study was an evaluation of the degree of impairment of proliferation of the stem cells in the intestinal crypts following exposure to one dose of 4 Gy, to two doses of 2 Gy each with an interval of 24 hours between them, and to one dose of 4 Gy administered together with a stimulator of leucopoiesis--Leukogen. The animals were administered 3H-thymidine and the per cent of its incorporation was determined. It was found that administration of the divided dose or of one total dose but together with the regeneration-stimulating agent prevented profound epithelial changes. The rate of return to normal incorporation was similar in the rats given the divided dose and in those receiving Leukogen. PMID- 6679989 TI - A method of inducing chronic gastric and duodenal ulcer by electrocoagulation in rats. AB - The described method includes electrocoagulation of the serous membrane of the stomach or duodenum by means of surgical diathermy. Under Nembutal general anaesthesia laparotomy was done and a ball-tip electrode was applied to the exposed anterior wall of the stomach or duodenal bulb. At the site of its contact with the serosa coagulation developed visible as a white spot approximately the size of the electrode tip. The ulcerogenic process triggered in this way developed within three days after the procedure. A deep ulcer in the mucosa developing during that time assumed in the second week the shape of a crater. From that time on ulcer healing began and progressed as evidenced by gradual diminution of its size. Complete healing of an untreated ulcer occurred in most animals after about five weeks. The extent of the ulcer niche was determined under a stereoscopic microscope calculating its area in mm2. A comparison of ulcer area in the animals treated with drugs inducing ulcer healing with this area in control rats made possible quantitative evaluation of the therapeutic effect. PMID- 6679990 TI - A cineradiographic method for recording the function of the oesophageal groove in lambs. AB - Using a TUR-D1001 X-ray unit and electronic image intensifier ZOX 190T-Chirana with an Admira 16 film camera the authors recorded the contractile function of the oesophageal groove in lambs. After an adaptation of the animals to the experimental conditions the lambs were given a contrast medium mixed with milk from a bottle with rubber nipple. The flow of the contrast through the terminal part of the oesophagus, oesophageal groove and the canal of the omasum was recorded on a film, the rate of film taking was 16 frames per second. The analysis of the film showed that in lambs aged 2 weeks the passage of the contrast medium through oesophageal groove and omasal canal was slower than in adult animals. The film visualizing the function of the groove is of considerable instructive value. PMID- 6679991 TI - Rhythmic variations in acid phosphatase activity in the liver of newborn rats. AB - The rhythm of acid phosphatase activity in liver homogenates of newborn rats (aged about 14 days) was compared with a similar rhythm in adult rats (aged 4.5 months). Serial chromatographic investigations demonstrating isoenzyme patterns demonstrated age-related changes of this rhythm connected with the synthesis of the enzyme in newborn rats. The averaged activity of the enzyme in the liver homogenates of newborn rats was about 4 times lower than in adult rats. The maximal values of total enzyme activity of both isoenzymes after chromatographic separation in newborn rats were shifted by about 7 hours in relation to adult animals. Similar changes were observed in the case of the greatest maximal values of the activity ratios--subunit: both isoenzymes, and isoenzyme II: isoenzyme I. In adult rats these maximal values appeared during the night hours and in newborn rats during the day. PMID- 6679992 TI - Hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidases in rats exposed to high ambient temperature. AB - Exposure of rats for 3 h or 6h to 28 degrees C or 37 degrees C led to changes in mixed-function oxidases in liver microsomes as compared with 21 degrees C. The complex pattern of the behaviour of the activities of aniline hydroxylase, 4 nitroanisole-O-demethylase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and NADH: cytochrome c oxidoreductase was not related to the observed decrease of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 contents. PMID- 6679993 TI - Relationship between plasma volume reduction and plasma electrolyte changes after prolonged bicycle exercise, passive heating and diuretic dehydration. AB - Plasma volume was decreased by prolonged bicycle exercise, by passive heating in warm water, by sauna dehydration, and by diuretically induced dehydration in eleven well trained subjects. Blood samples from an arm vein were taken before and after this pre-treatment, as well as after a subsequent standard exercise test (SET) on a bicycle ergometer (50%, 70% and 105% of max VO2; the SET with no pre-treatment was used as a control condition. The changes in plasma concentration of Na+, K+ and Cl- were not proportional to the calculated plasma volume changes. The Na+ and Cl- concentrations always increased in the plasma, while plasma potassium concentration was increased after prolonged exercise, but decreased after the other types of dehydrations. The standard exercise test produced a pronounced fall in total calculated plasma potassium and in K+ concentration measured 3-5 min after exercise in all types of experiments. In the standard exercise test the calculated water loss from the plasma volume was relatively large. It amounted to about 2/3 of the total water loss in the standard exercise test and was independent of the pre-treatments. PMID- 6679994 TI - Adaptation of the circulatory system to frequently repeated submaximal workloads in the light of left ventricular contraction analysis. AB - In two groups of healthy men aged 20-22 years the left ventricular systolic time intervals were evaluated by the method of Weissler et al. during frequently repeated workloads and restitution. Each exercise was carried out on a Zimmerman cycle ergometer during 10 minutes, and was repeated five times at 50-minutes intervals from 8.00 o'clock a.m. Group I (15 subjects) performed the exercise at a stable workload which produced during the first exercise heart rate acceleration to 170/min, but gave a successive further rise in the heart rate during consecutive exercises. Group II (11 subjects) performed all exercises to a stable rise in heart rate to 170/min with decreasing workloads. It was found that successive exercises caused in both groups a similar decrease of the left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI), pre-ejection period (PEP), isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), and decrease of the PEP/LVET index (p less than 0.05). Each successive exercise began with higher values of LVETI, PEP, ICT and PEP/LVET than the first one. No significant differences were found in the values of left ventricular systolic time intervals in both groups (p greater than 0.05). The duration of restitution of normal values of the left ventricular systolic time intervals after successive exercises was not changing but the tolerance of these exercises measured by heart rate increase and work performed decreased successively. PMID- 6679995 TI - The effect of acoustic stimulus of different continuity pattern on plasma concentration of catecholamines in humans during submaximal exercise. AB - The purpose of the study was determination of adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations in peripheral blood in 13 men aged 20--22 years subjected to acoustic stimulation of continuous, intermittent and pulse pattern during graded submaximal exercise. The studied subjects performed physical exercise on a cycle ergometer at workloads of 2 W/kg of body mass. The noise produced during the exercise had peak acoustic pressure of 100--120 dB, at frequencies ranging from 63 Hz to 4000 Hz. The exposure to noise and exercise lasted 15 minutes. Catecholamines in the peripheral blood were determined by spectrofluorometry by the method of Anton and Sayer. The obtained results showed that the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline increased considerably in the peripheral blood during exposure to this acoustic stimulation in relation to the initial concentrations. The highest increases were observed during exposure to impulse noise. PMID- 6679996 TI - White blood cell count and adherence in sportsmen and non-training subjects. AB - The white blood cell count and differential white blood cell count as well as the adherence of these cells were determined in 31 young clinically healthy men not participating actively in any sports and in 32 footballers belonging to third league sports clubs. In the group of footballers the determinations were carried out twice: in the initial period and then at the end of the highest-form period of the one-year training cycle. In the footballers in relation to the control group the total white blood cell count was raised, the differential count showed a shift in favour of neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes at the expense of lymphocytes. The lymphocyte adherence was significantly decreased. PMID- 6679997 TI - A simple method for recording body temperature in insects. AB - Application of thermocouples for measuring body temperature of insects is described in experiments on American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). The temperature of the head, mesothorax and abdomen was measured at rest and during flight. The overall accuracy of the measuring system was +/- 0.1 degrees C. PMID- 6679998 TI - Effect of ethacrynate sodium on transmesothelial transfer of solutes. AB - The effect of ethacrynate sodium on transmesothelial fluxes of solutes was studied in vitro. Ethacrynate sodium increased the mesothelial permeability to urea, chloride and sodium. The increase was transient, reproducible and not dependent on cellular metabolism. PMID- 6679999 TI - [Evaluation of hematochemical constants in the normal rat]. PMID- 6680000 TI - [Presence of dilatations of the aneurysm type in the abdominal aorta after experimental terminoterminal anastomosis in the rat]. AB - We have examined the aneurysmal dilatations in the wall of abdominal aorta after microsurgical experimental operation of end-to-end anastomosis. We observed this alteration both by macroscopic examination and by optical light microscopy. The wall presents various damages, particularly in the media, that seems thick, disarranged and often necrotic. PMID- 6680001 TI - [Behavior of the principal blood coagulation parameters in rats with portacaval anastomosis]. AB - The aim of our research was to evaluate same coagulative parameters in the rat after end-to-side porto-caval shunt, comparing the data with "sham operated" rats. At 180th day in each group the following parameters were controlled: platelet, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, T.E.G. The results have shown a significant diminution in the following parameters: PLT, PT, fibrinogen, and T.E.G. PMID- 6680002 TI - [Surgical cardiopathies and pregnancy (a 30-year report)]. AB - The advent of heart-surgery in obstetrics has been determinant, in as much as it has improved therapeutic treatment and above all it has resulted in achievement which were impossible 30 years ago. The concepts already put forward by the school of cardio-obstetric surgery of Turin on haemodynamics in pregnancy and childbirth as biologic risk factors for the patient with a bad heart continue to be upheld. The results of Actis Dato Group's in cardiac surgery are reported. Almost all types of congenital and acquired cardiopathies in their relationships to pregnancy are described. 1750 Pregnancy cases in 997 heart diseased women are analised. The cooperation with the obstetrical team is stressed. PMID- 6680003 TI - [Importance and usefulness of transcutaneous PO2 in neonatology. Experience with the healthy and sick neonate]. AB - The authors have checked transcutaneous PO2 in newborns in the Neonatology Department of Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy. 39 full-term newborns (healthy, Apgar score more than 7) have been monitorized during their first minutes. The results have been divided in four groups: spontaneous birth or caesarean section with fetal suffering or not. Significant differences have been shown between newborns with fetal suffering whether they were born by caesarean section or not, and between born by caesarean section with or without fetal suffering. 27 newborns with gestational age of 32 weeks or less have been monitorized all the time they were in need of oxygen therapy. 29,6% of these babies have shown, during the first week of life, at least one peak of tcPO2 more than 100 torr. The authors insist on the importance of tcPO2 monitoring during the first moments of life, on the influence of labour conditions and type of birth. In preterm neonates treated with oxygen therapy, tcPO2 is now the best method to evaluate hypoxia (leading to cerebral lesions) and hyperoxia (with risk of retinal and pulmonary damage). PMID- 6680005 TI - [Idiopathic splenomegalic myelofibrosis. Report of 2 clinical cases]. AB - A description of the clinical and haematological features of splenomegalic idiopathic myelofibrosis is followed by the presentation of two personal cases, one with a classic picture of the advanced stage and marked, progressive anaemia, leukopenia, frank splenomegaly and renal alterations, the second in the initial stage, with liver and spleen enlargement, very marked thrombocytosis and high white and red cell counts. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by bone biopsy in each case. A description of the clinical findings precedes an explanation of the anatomical and histological pictures observed at biopsy. These are fundamental importance for the purposes of diagnosis. PMID- 6680006 TI - [Modern diagnostic methods in allergic states]. AB - The marked increase in recent years in the various forms of allergy (asthmatic, oculonasal, cutaneous and digestive) has made greater familiarity with their respective clinical criteria, and the methods now available for their diagnosis, a necessity, even for the general practitioner. An overview is therefore offered of such methods (skin, mucosa, exposure and elimination tests; identification of precipitating and agglutinating antibodies; serological methods: PRIST, RAST; biological methods; etc.), and their meaning and practical importance are assessed. Lastly, a reference is made to the tests that are most appropriate for the aetiological diagnosis of each kind of allergic disease or manifestation. PMID- 6680004 TI - [Cryoglobulinemia, hemorrhagic vasculitis skin changes in hepatopathy]. AB - Cryoglobulins in the blood of patients with liver diseases may be associated with immunologically induced cutaneous vasculitis and haemorrhage. A personal case of chronic cirrhogenic liver disease with progression to liver insufficiency is presented. The picture included IgG, IgA and IgM cryoglobulinaemia and palpable purpura. The main features of primary and secondary or symptomatic cryoglobulinaemia are described, and an account is given of the mostly recent literature on the association between cryoglobulinaemia and liver diseases. Its pathogenesis and possible forms of treatment are also discussed. PMID- 6680007 TI - [Comparison of the effects of 2 anesthesiologic technics on hemostasis]. AB - Results of hemocoagulation test in anesthesia performed upon 17 patients treated with Ethrane and 17 treated with NLA are reported in this paper. Normotest, Thrombotest and PTT are within normal limits. The two groups studied, however, showed a drop in the percentages of the Normotest and Thrombotest and a reduced PTT. Differences in base values (pre-operatory) and those on the first post operatory day were calculated for each of the two groups of patients. No statistically significant variations were noted comparing these with the Student T test. Our results, as well as those of other authors, show that NLA and Ethrane do not clinically alter patient hemostasis. Considering that no significant bleeding was noted during surgery, we have arrived at the conclusion that these two anesthetic agents have a stabilizing effect on organic homeostasis, in emergency cases, thus protecting the hemostatic equilibrium. PMID- 6680008 TI - [Clinical study of a new antitussive: cloperastine]. PMID- 6680009 TI - [Effect of cloperastine on muco-ciliary clearance]. PMID- 6680011 TI - Swedish-Yugoslav Days on Occupational Medicine. Novi Sad, 20-21 April 1983. Proceedings. PMID- 6680010 TI - [Round opacity of the lung]. PMID- 6680013 TI - Occupational aspects of infrasound and whole body vibrations. PMID- 6680012 TI - Radon daughter exposure in mines, smoking and lung cancer. PMID- 6680014 TI - The effect of microwave radiation on the eye lens in rats. PMID- 6680015 TI - Evaluation of radiant heat stress. PMID- 6680017 TI - Metabolism of inorganic lead in occupationally exposed humans. PMID- 6680016 TI - The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on peripheral arterial circulation. PMID- 6680019 TI - Development of occupational and environmental medicine in Sweden. PMID- 6680018 TI - Allergic alveolitis in workers exposed to moulds. PMID- 6680020 TI - Toxicity of benzyl alcohol for premature infants. PMID- 6680021 TI - Effect of levamisole on clinical outcome and DNCB conversion in leprosy patients. A long term study. AB - Fifteen patients of lepromatous leprosy within first 6 months of diagnosis were studied. 7 controls received standard DDS treatment and placebo while 8 patients received cyclical levamisole treatment (150 mg daily for 3 days repeated after a gap of 2 weeks), in addition to standard DDS treatment. Patients were followed up clinically for lepra reactions, serial B.I. and DNCB test for 2 years. We observed that ENL reactions were more common and more severe in levamisole treated group while an upgrading type reaction occurred only in one of the control patients. B I. remained same in both groups throughout, while DNCB score was higher in control rather than levamisole treated groups. Thus, levamisole treatment does not seem to have caused stimulation of CMI in our patients as judged by DNCB reaction while it may have caused stimulation of humoral immunity as seen by higher incidence of ENL reaction. This may be undesirable in lepromatous patients. PMID- 6680022 TI - [Clinical study of catamenial epilepsy: significance of the presence of a previous cerebral lesion]. AB - Four hundred thirty one epileptic patients, aged 10 years or more old, have been studied in the neurology clinic of Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto da U.S.P., from February to July, 1981. The authors selected 119 patients aged between 13 to 45 years, that presented periodic menstrual bleeding and at least, one epileptic seizure a month. The patients were divided in two groups, the first constituted of 36 patients with catamenial seizures and the second one with 83 patients showing non catamenial seizures. The authors compare the number of pictures suggestive of "organic lesions" found in both groups. The statistical analysis shows that there are no differences between the two groups. The authors registered the EEG findings of these patients. PMID- 6680023 TI - Normal response to uraemic platelets to thromboxane A2 agonist. PMID- 6680024 TI - Allergic reaction to benzyl alcohol in an antimycotic preparation. PMID- 6680025 TI - [Normal-pressure hydrocephalus and cerebellar hematoma. Report of a case with necropsy]. AB - The authors report the case of a 64-year-old man who presented normal pressure hydrocephalus in the course of hypertensive and arteriosclerotic vasculopathy confirmed by postmortem examination. A blood clot was found on the central area of the left cerebellar hemisphere. The clinical features and the pathogenesis of normal pressure hydrocephalus and cerebellar hemorrhage are reviewed and discussed. PMID- 6680026 TI - [Malignant diseases of the respiratory organs caused by asbestos exposure in municipal environment]. AB - Exposure of population to asbestos comes from several origins. It is proved by measuring of asbestos emission and by discoveries of asbestos emission and by discoveries of asbestos fibres in lungs of adults. Asbestos induced maladies are not only founded after professional exposition, but also sometimes after domestic asbestos contacts or in neighbours of asbestos processing firms (generally upon a long time past influence of asbestos holding emissions). There is no evidence for an increase of the frequency of asbestos induced cancer in the inhabitants of large towns and industrial centres of GDR, till now. Morbific effects of asbestos must be expected in special risk groups. All efforts are necessary to reduce asbestos in known dust touched spheres. PMID- 6680027 TI - Medical management of neurocysticercosis with Praziquantel. AB - This paper summarizes the experience with Praziquantel, a new broad spectrum antihelmintic for the treatment of neurocysticercosis. PMID- 6680028 TI - Missed tumors of the sacrum. AB - Tumors of the sacrum are frequently missed. The actual diagnosis is often long delayed. The low index of suspicion and the difficulties in obtaining adequate X rays of this region due to the presence of gas bubbles and fecal matter in the bowel which obscure the bony markings of the sacrum are factors which contribute to the problem. Furthermore, myelography of the lowest portion of the dural sac may lead to wrong or confusing information. Six cases from a neurosurgical practice of more than 40 years are presented. Methods to ensure early diagnosis and treatment of tumors of the sacrum are described. Computed tomography available during the past several years has become the most important aid in the evaluation of lesions of the sacrum. PMID- 6680029 TI - Dandy-Walker syndrome without hydrocephalus in an adult. AB - It is commonly believed that Dandy-Walker malformation is due to increased intracranial pressure resulting from atresia of the foramina of the fourth ventricle, but this is not true in all cases. An adult with asymptomatic Dandy Walker malformation without hydrocephalus was studied. Increased intracranial pressure could not have caused the malformation in the posterior fossa in this case since no hydrocephalus was present. The findings in this case support the view that Dandy-Walker malformation is due to congenital abnormalities that are not necessarily related to obstruction of CSF flow from the fourth ventricular foramina. PMID- 6680030 TI - Symptomatic hemifacial spasm: case report and review of literature. AB - The purpose of this article is to discuss a case of hemifacial spasm due to a fusiform basilar aneurysm. The hemifacial spasm was successfully treated by decompression of the facial nerve in the facial canal 14 months before death due to aneurysmal rupture. The literature on symptomatic hemifacial spasm is reviewed, the pathophysiology discussed and the therapeutic options presented. Since the pathophysiology is poorly understood, conservatism is recommended. PMID- 6680031 TI - Phenytoin absorption following jejunoileal bypass. AB - Phenytoin absorption is decreased in patients with jejunoileal bypass. Although adequate absorption can be achieved, increased dosages of this agent probably will be necessary in most cases to achieve a therapeutic plasma level and clinical control of seizures. PMID- 6680032 TI - An improved evoked response test for noninvasive monitoring of spinal cord function. PMID- 6680033 TI - Projections of the amygdala in rats during development. AB - Unilateral electrolytic lesions of the amygdaloid nucleus were made in rats during development to study the timing of sequential connectivity. The patterns of neural degeneration were detected by the Fink-Heimer technique and light microscopy. The main projections were to the accumbens, caudate, septal area, habenula, hypothalamus, cingulum, thalamus, and mesencephalon. In all cases degenerated fibers were progressively more apparent with increasing age. A clear and consistent pattern of degeneration was first observed at 30 days postnatally. Because the amygdala is widely connected with numerous limbostriatal and other CNS structures, the data presented favor the possibility that the amygdaloid complex can be a crucial region for the triggering of patterns of endocrine and autonomic, as well as somatic responses. PMID- 6680034 TI - The immunology of cerebral cysticercosis. PMID- 6680035 TI - Cerebral cysticercosis: an overview. PMID- 6680036 TI - Pathology of CNS cysticercosis. AB - The pathology of CNS cysticercosis is dependent upon the route of infection, the larval form, its predilection for certain anatomic sites, and the host reaction. Clinicopathologic correlates are illustrated. PMID- 6680037 TI - Neuroradiology of intraventricular cysticercosis. PMID- 6680038 TI - Cerebral cysticercosis: surgical considerations. AB - Cerebral cysticercosis is no longer an uncommon disease in areas such as Southern California to which there is extensive travel and immigration from adjoining areas in which the disease is endemic. The diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis should be entertained in patients from such an endemic area when they present with neurological symptoms and characteristic CT findings. There is no specific or definitive therapy for the disease; treatment should be directed at alleviating its manifestations. We recommend surgical consideration in those patients with hydrocephalus, intraventricular cysts, solitary cysts producing uncontrolled seizures, and solitary cysts producing significant mass lesion effect. PMID- 6680039 TI - Posttraumatic paresis of the superior oblique muscle. PMID- 6680040 TI - How do visually handicapped children use their low vision aids? PMID- 6680042 TI - Rip in the pigment epithelium the day after fluorographic examination. PMID- 6680041 TI - [Initial implantations with a APC type (anterior-posterior chamber) original lens]. PMID- 6680043 TI - Ripping of detached retinal pigment epithelium in senile macular degeneration. PMID- 6680044 TI - Choroidal melanoma and choroidal nevus in one sibship. PMID- 6680045 TI - First symptoms in retinoblastoma. PMID- 6680046 TI - Congenital nystagmus. PMID- 6680047 TI - Star-shaped macular lesions with yellow plaques. PMID- 6680048 TI - Chlamydia conjunctivitis. PMID- 6680050 TI - Molecular species analysis of lipids by metastable ion mass spectrometry. AB - A convenient universal and fast mass spectrometrical method designed for the molecular species analysis of natural lipids is described. In contrast to the commonly employed procedures the method does not require chemical or enzymatic treatment and does not include chromatographic steps. The method relies on the recognition of ions characteristic of individual molecular species in the mass spectrum of a particular lipid fraction, that is accomplished on the basis of metastable ion spectra. The efficiency of this approach is demonstrated with a variety of natural lipids: triglycerides, glycerophospholipids, sphingomyelin and ornithinolipids. The advantages and limitations of the method as well as possible further developments are discussed. PMID- 6680049 TI - Phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol interactions in model membranes. AB - Various phosphatidylcholines differing either in the stereochemistry around their chiral center or in the position of a cis double bond along the acyl chains were synthesized in order to study critical contact regions in the phospholipid molecule with adjacent cholesterol in model membranes. Microviscosities calculated from fluorescence depolarization of diphenylhexatriene and chain order from spin label studies were measured to monitor physical membrane properties. The enhancing effect of cholesterol on the microviscosity of membranes containing phosphatidylcholines with comparable acyl chain length was largest when the two acyl chains were saturated and smallest when both were unsaturated. Membranes prepared from phosphatidylcholines having a single cis double bond at different positions along the sn-2 acyl chain showed roughly the same changes of microviscosity or chain order upon incorporation of cholesterol. No discrimination was evident in the interaction between cholesterol and enantiomeric phosphatidylcholines or between the enantiomeric phosphatidylcholine molecules themselves. We conclude that the rigidifying effect of cholesterol in membranes does not depend on specific sites of interaction and that with respect to physical membrane properties phosphatidylcholine behaves as an achiral molecule. PMID- 6680051 TI - Liposomes from polymerizable phospholipids. AB - The synthesis and characterization of a great variety of single and double chain phospholipids containing the diacetylene and butadiene moiety is described. These substances can be dispersed in water by ultrasonication and the resulting vesicles can be photopolymerized with the retention of their original structure. Absorption spectra of the polymerized diacetylenic lipids show significant differences depending on the molecular structure of the monomers. By the polymerization reaction, the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition is suppressed, which does not correspond to the properties of biological membranes. Evidence for enhanced stability of polymerized vesicles is given by treatment with ethanol and detergents showing that trapped markers are released to a much smaller extent than in the case of unpolymerized vesicles. Diacetylenic lipids show a pronounced hysteresis of the phase transition. If the membrane of supercooled vesicles crystallizes, all trapped marker is released within seconds. Possibilities for overcoming this extreme rigidity of the membranes are discussed. PMID- 6680052 TI - [Choyce MK IX anterior chamber implants placed after intracapsular extraction, in the same operation]. PMID- 6680053 TI - [Variability in the residual concentration of ethylene oxide in artificial lenses]. PMID- 6680054 TI - [Bird-shot chorioretinopathy after retinal detachment: probable autoimmune origin]. PMID- 6680055 TI - [New particulars in the biomicroscopic classification of senile cataracts]. PMID- 6680056 TI - [Medical expert appraisal in ophthalmology for Social Security and occupational accidents. Appraisal according to the decree of 7 January 1959. From 1963 expert appraisals in ophthalmology, of which 124 cases were appraised 5 years or more after the establishment of the initial medical certificate]. PMID- 6680057 TI - [Chlamydial acute and subacute keratoconjunctivitis]. PMID- 6680058 TI - [Javal's mirror]. PMID- 6680059 TI - [A simple apparatus for evaluating stereoscopic vision in near vision]. PMID- 6680060 TI - [Role of vitrectomy in the treatment of intraocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 6680061 TI - [Microsurgery of retinal detachment in aphakic patients]. PMID- 6680062 TI - [Binocular vision of bilateral aphakic subjects fitted with glasses]. PMID- 6680063 TI - [Association of congenital paralysis of the horizontal gaze with auricular dysplasia]. PMID- 6680064 TI - [Papillary pits and maculopathies]. PMID- 6680065 TI - [Extra-intracranial arterial anastomosis for carotid thrombosis: hemodynamic and functional recovery after prolonged ophthalmic ischemia]. PMID- 6680066 TI - [An unrecognized intraorbital foreign body]. PMID- 6680067 TI - [Performance and interpretation of the Farnsworth 100 hue test using a microcomputer]. PMID- 6680069 TI - [Innervation of the medial rectus muscle. Microscopic study of the points of penetration and intramuscular pathways]. PMID- 6680068 TI - [An uncommon orbital injury]. PMID- 6680071 TI - [Ophthalmologic manifestations of pediatric cystinosis]. PMID- 6680070 TI - [Spontaneous hyphema symptomatic of a microhemangioma of the pupillary border]. PMID- 6680072 TI - [Influence of new aphakia glasses on the visual field and field of the gaze]. PMID- 6680073 TI - [Value of x-ray computed tomography in papilledema caused by drusen of the optic papilla]. PMID- 6680074 TI - [Isolated retinal arteriectasis]. PMID- 6680076 TI - [Medical retinal detachment in a child]. PMID- 6680075 TI - [Retinal detachment associated with extensive sclerectasia in a patient presenting with very accentuated kyphoscoliosis]. PMID- 6680077 TI - [The electroretinogram and alcoholism]. PMID- 6680078 TI - [Palpebral cyst with dental inclusion]. PMID- 6680079 TI - Presidential address: medical competence--education and ethics. PMID- 6680080 TI - Current management of vertebral basilar occlusive disease. AB - The current medical and surgical management of vertebral basilar occlusive disease has been reviewed, with the emphasis on the lack of definitive data proving the absolute efficacy of one form of therapy. In addition, the renewed interest in medical and surgical therapy of the vertebral system has been displayed. More experience and detailed study should be directed towards the final solution of the best treatment for vertebral basilar insufficiency. The extracranial vascular procedure of choice for correcting a vertebral stenosis appears to be a vertebral to common carotid artery anastomosis. This therapy can be used for a subclavian steal syndrome, but the more established surgical therapy for a subclavian steal syndrome is a common carotid to subclavian bypass graft. The innovative microvascular techniques are too few in number of produce a definitive statement. However, the capability of these procedures has been well demonstrated, and the patency rate is acceptable. On the other hand, these procedures are time consuming and, because they have been selected for patients who have failed in medical therapy, are tainted in that they are used with patients very difficult to manage successfully. With more aggressive diagnostic arteriographic study and renewed neurological interest in the vertebral basilar system, definite treatment regimens can be anticipated. Doubtless, the results of the extracranial-intracranial bypass study will have significant impact on our future approach. PMID- 6680081 TI - Intraoperative embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations in the awake patient. AB - Fourteen cases of relatively large AVMs within important functional cortical areas, the majority in the dominant hemisphere, are discussed; these AVMs have undergone varying degrees of obliteration by intravascular embolization with IBC in the operating room, under neuroleptanalgesia and local anesthesia. Our belief is that while there have been complications these can hopefully be avoided in the future and that with the evolution of the present technology there will be further refinements in the technique which will eventually allow predictable and definitive treatment of such AVMs. PMID- 6680082 TI - Honored guest presentation: painful states: a neurological commentary. PMID- 6680083 TI - Cordotomy and rhizotomy for pain. PMID- 6680084 TI - Epilepsy surgery. PMID- 6680085 TI - Evoked potentials in the operating room. PMID- 6680086 TI - New therapeutic approaches to treatment of malignant gliomas: chemotherapy and immunotherapy. PMID- 6680087 TI - The Cavitron ultrasonic aspirator in tumor surgery. AB - The CUSA Ultrasonic Surgical System fragments and aspirates a wide spectrum of firm tumors of the central nervous system with little transmitted movement to adjacent normal neural structures. The CUSA system is clearly of limited value in removing extremely calcified or dense fibrous tumors. It lacks primary hemostatic properties, and conventional hemostatic techniques are necessary. PMID- 6680088 TI - The laser: history, biophysics, and neurosurgical applications. PMID- 6680089 TI - Remarks to the neurosurgical residents. PMID- 6680090 TI - Neurosurgery: a consumer's view. PMID- 6680091 TI - Priority one: education in neurosurgery. PMID- 6680092 TI - Ultraviolet radiation, weather and the blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. AB - Assays of plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are widely used to assess vitamin D nutrition in health and disease. In interpreting the results it is important to take into account not only details of analytical technique but also environmental conditions including latitude, season, occupation and weather. This paper presents new data which show that climatic variations from year to year may make appreciable differences to the reference ranges which are appropriate for the interpretation of results from patients. PMID- 6680093 TI - Effect of canavanine and 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol (British antilewisite) on the proliferation of Novikoff hepatoma cells in the presence of concanavalin A. AB - The effect of canavanine and 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol (British antilewisite, BAL) on the uptake of (3H)-thymidine by Novikoff hepatoma cells, as a measure of DNA formation, was measured in tissue culture in the absence and presence of the mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A). Canavanine and Con A stimulated cell proliferation at low concentrations, and inhibited at higher concentrations. BAL inhibited even at low concentrations. In the presence of a stimulating concentration of Con A, both canavanine and BAL inhibitory effects were amplified. In the presence of a high concentration of Con A and low concentration of BAL the combined effect was substantially greater than the sum of the individual effects. We describe the culture and harvest of Novikoff hepatoma cells, and changes in their morphology when acted upon by the toxic agents used. PMID- 6680094 TI - Acquired C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency and recurrent herpes infection in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Profound hypocomplementemia was observed in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. On the basis of the results of complement measurements performed in nine serum samples taken in a period of 6 mo it was demonstrated that the patient had an acquired form of C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency: marked reduction of CH50, C1, C4, and C1-esterase inhibitor levels with normal alternative pathway, C3, and factor B activities were found. The patient had no typical attacks of angioneurotic edema; however, angioedema-like facial swelling was observed on several occasions in connection with recurrent severe herpes simplex eruptions. The possible association of the marked and long-lasting hypocomplementemia with the clinical course of the herpes infection is discussed. PMID- 6680095 TI - Use of cholera toxoid in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antitoxin. AB - A glutaraldehyde-inactivated toxoid was evaluated as a coating antigen in an ELISA for cholera antitoxin. A reference panel of 36 human sera with antitoxin levels determined by several other assay systems and 58 sera from an outbreak of illness due to Vibrio cholerae were studied. Toxoid compared favorably with two purified cholera toxins, and the microtiter assay using all three antigens was effective in detecting antibody in known convalescing cholera patients. PMID- 6680096 TI - Neutralizing antibody responses to Japanese encephalitis vaccine in children. AB - Two shots of the current Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine were given to children and their immune responses to the Nakayama strain (the vaccine strain) and two wild strains (JaGAr-01 and E-50) of virus were examined by neutralizing (N) antibody titrations. Seventy vaccinees without antibody to JE virus before the first vaccination were bled one month after the second vaccination. The N antibody responses to the JaGAr-01 and E-50 strains were found to be similar and to be less than that to the Nakayama strain after the second vaccination: the geometric mean titers (GMT) of N antibodies to the JaGAr-01 and E-50 strains (as logarithm) were 1.87 and 1.75, respectively, while the GMT to the Nakayama strain was 2.89. The sero-conversion rates to the Nakayama, JaGAr-01 and E-50 strains were 70/70 (100%), 69/70 (99%) and 68/70 (97%), respectively, after the second vaccination. Twenty-seven of the 70 vaccinees were also bled before the second vaccination. Most of them showed a considerably high N antibody response to the Nakayama strain and only one vaccinee failed to show seroconversion after the first vaccination. However, the antibody response to the E-50 strain appeared to be rather low and 9 of 25 vaccinees did not show any seroconversion. Similarly 3 of 25 failed to show any seroconversion against the JaGAr-01 strain. These results indicate that at the initial immunization at least two shots of the current JE vaccine are necessary to stimulate effective immune responses to wild strains of the JE virus. PMID- 6680097 TI - The turbidimetric stability of common clinical bacterial isolates in water. AB - Ninety common clinical bacterial isolates were suspended in sterile deionized, tap and lake water to a turbidity of 100 Klett-Summerson Colorimeter Units. The suspensions were then measured for turbidity at seven and 14 days of storage at 25 degrees C. Turbidities for Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were stable for 14 days, however those of Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis were unstable as evidenced by a decreased turbidity. Staphylococci were much less stable in deionized water than tap or lake water. Overall, the turbidity of most isolates was most stable in lake followed by tap and deionized water, respectively. PMID- 6680098 TI - Golgi apparatus: distinct structure of acid phosphatase localization in regenerating human skeletal muscle fiber. AB - The localization of acid phosphatase activity has been investigated ultrastructurally in regenerating human fetal skeletal muscle cells. The heavy reaction product was observed in the cisternae of Golgi apparatus and lysosomal vesicles, whereas the slight reaction product was also occasionally found in the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum and sarcoplasmic reticulum of the regenerating myocytes. The enzymatic basis for these deposits was confirmed by their absence in the incubation of the specimen in substrate-free medium and the enzyme inactivation of the specimen by exposure to NaF or heat. PMID- 6680099 TI - Electroblot analysis of rat myelin proteolipid protein and basic protein during development. AB - The accumulation of the myelin proteolipid protein during rat brain development was studied in the spinal cord, lower brain stem (pons and medulla), cerebellum, and upper brain stem. Proteolipid accumulation was assessed on electroblots of total membrane samples from each region between 2 and 18 days of age. Proteolipid could be detected in rat spinal cord as early as 2 days of age, in lower brain stem and cerebellum by 4 days of age and in upper brain stem by 10 days of age. The time course of myelin basic protein accumulation was essentially the same as that of the proteolipid in each of the brain regions. PMID- 6680100 TI - Inhibitory effects of fetal calf serum on proliferation of chick neuroblasts in culture. AB - In this study, the proliferative activity of cultured chick neuroblasts exposed to high or low concentrations of fetal calf serum (FCS) was investigated. Different experimental evidences showed that the first 2-3 days of culture correspond to a period of neuronal proliferation in our culture conditions, whereas contamination by glial cells is very low. Cell counts and measurements of [3H]-thymidine incorporation have been used as an indicator of cell proliferation. With increasing concentrations of whole, dialyzed or desalted FCS the incorporation of radioactive thymidine and the number of cells were reduced. The inhibitory effect on [3H]-thymidine incorporation of whole serum was probably due to cumulative effects of the presence of free thymidine and of inhibitory components in that serum. An inhibitory factor from FCS has been partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatographies on Ultrogel AcA 34, DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite; its apparent molecular weight is about 90,000. The purified fraction was active at 2 micrograms/ml of culture medium. PMID- 6680101 TI - Ganglioside stimulation of neuronal maturation in vitro. AB - Neurons from fetal rat brain hemispheres cultured in synthetic medium were stimulated to aggregate into clusters and to send out neurites by the early addition of gangliosides. This stimulatory effect was limited at the beginning of the culture. In fact the ganglioside addition did not affect either the axonal sprouting or the survival time of the neurons. PMID- 6680102 TI - [Hepatitis A. II. Incidence in children 0-5 years of age]. PMID- 6680103 TI - [Features associated with risk factors in epilepsy]. PMID- 6680104 TI - [Clinical epidemiology in health services research]. PMID- 6680105 TI - [Surgical treatment of the ductus arteriosus in premature infants]. PMID- 6680106 TI - [Development of cytogenetic methodology: contributions to the knowledge of chromosome structure and its application in clinical practice]. PMID- 6680107 TI - [Complications in intravenous iron-dextran treatment. Criteria for their prevention]. PMID- 6680108 TI - Problems related to potassium homeostasis in the newborn. PMID- 6680109 TI - Brain abscess in children. PMID- 6680110 TI - D-penicillamine in the treatment of Indian childhood cirrhosis--a preliminary report. PMID- 6680111 TI - An experience with permanent cardiac pacing in children and adolescents. PMID- 6680112 TI - Some observations on perinatal mortality in rural health centre. PMID- 6680113 TI - Estimation of total and vacuolated eosinophil counts in childhood asthma. PMID- 6680114 TI - Prevalence of tuberculous disease and infection in an urban slum area. PMID- 6680115 TI - Facial nerve surgery in children. PMID- 6680117 TI - Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma and harlequin ichthyosis. PMID- 6680116 TI - Modern cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6680118 TI - Esophageal atresia and T.O.F. with stenosis of distal esophageal segment. PMID- 6680119 TI - Alcaligenes fecalis septicemia. PMID- 6680120 TI - Firefly and bacterial luminescence: basic science and applications. AB - The basic chemistry of the reactions leading to light emission in the firefly and in bacteria are briefly reviewed. With excess firefly reagents, the light intensity is proportional to the ATP concentration. For this reason, the reagents have been used for ATP determination in a number of important biological systems. A number of such applications are reviewed. With excess bacterial reagents, the light intensity is directly proportional to the reduced pyridine nucleotide concentration (NADH or NADPH). The applications of this system for studying reactions involving dehydrogenases using NAD or NADP as electron acceptors are presented. Many assays have now been developed using enzymes immobilized on Sepharose. The advantages of using the immobilized enzymes are greater stability of the immobilized enzymes over the soluble forms; increased sensitivity of detection relative to the soluble forms, and reusability of the immobilized enzymes. A comparison of the immobilized bioluminescent assay for 7 alpha hydroxysteroid with gas-liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay is presented. Coimmobilized enzymes can be packed in a flow cell and used in an automated instrument with good reproducibility. It is likely that future developments of bioluminescent assays for ATP or NAD(P)H will be with immobilized enzymes using an automated instrument. PMID- 6680121 TI - The curing of alpha-phage by superinfection with VcA-1 phage in Vibrio cholerae. PMID- 6680123 TI - Super ORT. PMID- 6680122 TI - Maternal beliefs and attitudes concerning diarrhoeal disease. PMID- 6680124 TI - A rapid test for the identification of Vibrio cholerae in stools. PMID- 6680125 TI - Effect of different salts on the infectivity of cholera bacteriophage phi 149 for Vibrio cholerae 154. PMID- 6680126 TI - Ethics, entrepreneurs and leadership. PMID- 6680127 TI - Osteopetrosis in trauma. AB - A 19-year-old male with a bone disease that predisposes to pathological fractures was involved in an automobile accident. Although the physician must always look for multiple injuries in any trauma patient, this case illustrates that in the patient with bone disease, the probability of multiple fractures is extremely high. The differential diagnosis of dense-bone disease is discussed as are considerations relevant to caring for the trauma patient with bone disease. PMID- 6680128 TI - Fournier's disease: necrotizing gangrene of the male genitalia. AB - Fournier's disease, a necrotizing subcutaneous infection involving the male genitalia, was first described by the French venereologist Jean Alfred Fournier in 1884. Its characteristic triad of abrupt onset in young, previously healthy males, rapid progression to gangrene, and absence of a discernable cause appear to have been altered, at least partially, by the advent of the antibiotic era. We present a case report, with discussion of the clinical and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in this rare and malignant infectious process. PMID- 6680129 TI - Orthostatic changes in normovolemic children: an analysis of the "tilt test". AB - Orthostatic changes in pulse rate and blood pressure were assessed on 455 normovolemic children between 4 and 17 years of age who visited emergency departments with a variety of complaints. Blood pressures and pulse rates were measured in the upper extremity with the patient supine, sitting, and standing. The postural changes in pulse rate and blood pressure for age groups 4 to 9 years, 10 to 13 years, and 14 to 18 years were computed, and statistical analyses were performed to identify factors predisposing to changes in pulse rate and blood pressure. In all categories of chief complaint, comparable numbers (average 25.4%) of patients had an increase in pulse rate of greater than 20 beats/min. An average of 10.7% of children in each category had a fall in systolic blood pressure greater than 20 torr. Only increasing body temperature, especially in the youngest children, and diarrhea, particularly if more than 12 hours in duration, predisposed to having a "positive tilt test" using these criteria. The "tilt test" for assessing orthostatic hypotension is of little value in assessing normovolemic children presenting for acute care. A positive test result is very nonspecific. PMID- 6680130 TI - Failure of dialysis therapy in potassium dichromate poisoning. AB - A fatal case of oral ingestion of potassium dichromate is presented. Following an initial presentation of abdominal pain and vomiting, the patient had a rapid progression to coma with the development of methemoglobinemia, coagulopathy, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and respiratory distress syndrome. A blood concentration of chromium on admission was 5,800 mcg/dL, 80% of which was found to be in the intracellular fraction. Supportive treatment was also initiated as a four-hour period of hemodialysis followed by a one-hour period of charcoal hemoperfusion. Neither of these treatment modalities was found to significantly remove chromium from whole blood and neither seemed to affect the progression or outcome of this intoxication. We conclude that the ingestion of potassium dichromate is highly toxic and may rapidly lead to death. Hemodialysis and charcoal hemoperfusion appear to have little role in the management of chromium intoxication. PMID- 6680131 TI - A case study in management: the patient complaint. AB - The complaints of dissatisfied patients provide useful tools for monitoring the effectiveness of medical care delivered in the emergency department. To facilitate responsiveness to individual complaints and to also capture valuable feedback information, a standardized approach is recommended. Presented here is one example of a patient complaint and the manner in which it was handled. PMID- 6680132 TI - Normative and technical error in the emergency department. AB - Errors in emergency medicine are a source of great concern at all levels. The following paper discusses the different kinds of errors, the factors in their production, and suggestions for control. PMID- 6680133 TI - Moonlighting. PMID- 6680134 TI - Prophylactic phenytoin in tricyclic overdose. PMID- 6680135 TI - Hysterosalpingography in cynomolgus monkeys. AB - This paper describes recent success in performing hysterosalpingography in cynomolgus monkeys. The animals were anesthesized, and a needle was manipulated through the cervical canal into the endometrial cavity for injection of contrast material. Difficulties in threading the needle through the canal were due to several blind pouches formed by folds in the cervical mucosa. The uterine lumen and both tubes could be visualized in over 75% of the cases. The study demonstrates that the hysterosalpingography technique can be performed satisfactorily in cynomolgus monkeys. PMID- 6680136 TI - Plasma cortisol response to feeding in African green vervets. AB - The timing of a single daily meal of monkey chow in African green vervets exerts a synchronizing influence on plasma cortisol concentrations with an initial increase after feeding followed by a decrease to minimal levels five hours after feeding. PMID- 6680137 TI - Intraductal mammary carcinoma and benign ovarian teratoma in a rhesus monkey. AB - A benign ovarian teratoma and an intraductal mammary carcinoma were found in an adult rhesus monkey that had been used in reproductive studies and received human luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 6680138 TI - Ovarian adenocarcinoma in a bonnet monkey: histologic and ultrastructural features. AB - An incidental finding of unilateral ovarian adenocarcinoma in a bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) was examined histologically and ultrastructurally. The tumor was somewhat confusing histologically, but had many of the ultrastructural characteristics of endometrioid carcinoma of man. PMID- 6680139 TI - Primate research resources in the Soviet Union. AB - The authors visited Soviet medical institutions as part of a USA-USSR Professional Exchange Program sponsored by the Fogarty International Center. The primary purpose of this visit was to obtain a general view of the Soviet use and care of laboratory animals in biomedical research and to lay a foundation for a continuing exchange of information and models. PMID- 6680140 TI - A method of thymectomy in macaques. AB - The aim of this study was to develop an operation for total thymectomy suitable for nonhuman primates. The thymus was removed from 24 macaque monkeys from fetal to adult life by a cervicothoracotomy and blunt gauze dissection. Mean wet weight of the thymus rose from 150 mg (range 50-250 mg) in fetal animals to 2.5 gm (range 0.3-4.2 gm) in prepubertal monkeys. Nonhuman primate thymic weight fell steadily and uniformly with age by over 300% when plotted as a function of body weight. This surgical technique appears to be a valid method of total thymectomy in macaque monkeys. PMID- 6680141 TI - National and international services for primate animal research. AB - Extensive use of nonhuman primates for biomedical research has contributed to periodic acute shortages of these animals. As a result, various resources have been developed to assist investigators in maintaining healthy colonies and conserving stocks. A wide range of expertise is available at the national and international levels to investigators working with nonhuman primates. PMID- 6680142 TI - Standard nomenclature for primate breeding and husbandry. AB - Managers of primate colonies seek to record colony data in a systematic way which will be helpful in daily management. Each colony develops individual record systems, tailored to its specific operations and budget. These diversified systems provide the base for a set of uniform record items, which enables information to be shared among institutions, and used for the overall management of a self-sustaining captive primate population, as well as for national planning of primate resources. The present report identifies basic information needed for local colony management and data items that require standard nomenclature. Such data will provide the basic demographic profiles unavailable at most primate colonies today. PMID- 6680143 TI - Government regulation of nonhuman primate facilities. AB - Myriad international, federal, and state laws, regulations, rules, guidelines, and standards directly affect the activities of all nonhuman primate research facilities. Federal regulations alone encompass every aspect of facility operations. They govern the procurement, possession, handling, care, and utilization of nonhuman primates, the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of the facility, and the occupational and environmental protection afforded not only facility personnel, but also the general public. Proper management of a nonhuman primate facility depends on continual monitoring of constantly changing laws and regulations applicable to the type of facility operated and research conducted. An in-house compliance assurance program is necessary to assure conformance with pertinent regulations. PMID- 6680145 TI - Stimulation of cynomolgus peripheral blood lymphocytes with tetanus toxoid and smallpox vaccine. AB - The cynomolgus monkey was studied as an animal model to investigate the cell mediated immunity induced by vaccines. Optimal conditions are described to isolate peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lymphocyte transformation tests were performed with tetanus toxoid and smallpox vaccine. Antigen-specific lymphocyte transformations with smallpox vaccine could only be demonstrated when lymphocytes were obtained from vaccinated monkeys. Tetanus toxoid appeared to be a weak antigen. However, after adsorption of the toxoid to aluminum phosphate, a significant antigen-specific lymphocyte transformation was observed. PMID- 6680146 TI - Blood values of free-ranging patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). AB - Free-ranging patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) from El Guayacan island, Puerto Rico, were surveyed to establish values for the hemogram, serum biochemicals, calcium, and phosphorus. Results were tabulated for males and nonpregnant/nonlactating, pregnant, and lactating females. A summary of blood values from previous studies on captive patas monkeys was also tabulated for comparison. PMID- 6680144 TI - The hemogram, serum biochemistry, and electrolyte profile of aged rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - The hemogram, serum biochemicals, and electrolytes of aged (15- to 28-year-old) rhesus monkeys were compared with values for younger adults (4-14 years old) maintained under identical conditions. Aged males had lower mean corpuscular volume, serum iron and magnesium, and higher percentages of eosinophils, globulins, and triglycerides than adult males. Aged females had lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin, total leukocyte count, percentage of neutrophils, alkaline phosphatase and magnesium, and higher percentages of lymphocytes and eosinophils, globulins, and uric acid than adult females. PMID- 6680147 TI - U.S. laws, regulations, and policies important to managers of nonhuman primate colonies. AB - The various animal welfare laws, regulations, policies, accreditation standards, and welfare groups have an obvious impact on the activities of managers of nonhuman primate colonies. Federal organizations such as the Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Interior, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Transportation, and the Justice Department regulate many aspects of animal management. Pertinent guidance is available through scientific organizations such as the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care and the National Academy of Sciences. Finally, the recommendations of responsible animal welfare organizations should also receive careful consideration. PMID- 6680148 TI - The animal welfare act as applied to primate animal laboratories. AB - The Animal Welfare Act (Public Law 89-544, as amended) was passed by Congress to assure the humane care and treatment of certain warmblooded animals bought, sold, held, or transported for purposes of research, exhibition, or for use as pets. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is responsible for administering the minimum care and treatment requirements promulgated under the authorities of this law. This paper presents in some detail the requirements and responsibilities of users of nonhuman primates for research, testing, or experimentation. PMID- 6680149 TI - National and international regulations governing transportation and supply of primate animals. AB - Import and export of primates is controlled by the Endangered Species Act and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Permits are required for all international transactions, and certain primates may not be traded at all for commercial permits. PMID- 6680150 TI - Species of the genus Macaca (Cercopithecidea, primates) as research subjects in modern biology and medicine. AB - Members of the genus Macaca are the most commonly used animals in biomedical research on primates. Macaca monkeys are used most extensively (from 50% to 73% of the general file) in rapidly developing branches of medical primatology (pharmacology, endocrinology, ophthalmology, stomatology, and central nervous system pathology and physiology), i.e., in those sciences where monkeys are absolutely necessary and where they are used with great efficacy. PMID- 6680151 TI - DNA methylation and X-chromosome inactivation. PMID- 6680152 TI - An approach to the cloning of cell surface protein genes. Selection by cell sorting of mouse L-cells that express HLA or 4F2 antigens after transformation with total human DNA. AB - We describe an approach to the cloning of cell surface proteins that is independent of messenger RNA isolation. Mouse Ltk- cells are cotransformed with the thymidine kinase gene from Herpes Simplex Virus and total human DNA. Transformants expressing the human surface antigens of interest are isolated by two selection steps, consisting of treatment with hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Using this procedure, we isolated seven transformants expressing HLA-A,B,C antigens and 12 transformants expressing the 4F2 antigen. We have so far failed to identify any OKT-10 antigen expressing L-cell transformants. Three independent secondary 4F2 transformants were obtained after identical cotransformation of fresh Ltk- cells with DNA from primary transformants. Analysis of their genome by hybridization with human DNA revealed a shared set of human restriction fragments in all three cell lines. This 32 X 10(3) base-pair segment of DNA codes for the human 4F2 antigen, thereby offering the opportunity to clone the gene. To substantiate this hypothesis, we analyzed the seven HLA-expressing cell lines, and we found that all of them had acquired an HLA-coding sequence concomitant to its expression. PMID- 6680154 TI - Symposium on cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 6680153 TI - Allelic heterogeneity in adult hereditary fructose intolerance. Detection of structural mutations in the aldolase B molecule. AB - Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a disorder of visceral carbohydrate metabolism which is transmitted as a recessive character of moderate to high gene prevalence. The condition is caused by enzymic deficiency of aldolase B and is associated with the synthesis of inactive enzyme protein. The molecular structure of aldolase B was examined in tissue samples from four adult patients who were the offspring of non-consanguineous unions. Titration of aldolase protein, by radioimmunoassay, showed that antibody recognition of the inactive enzyme was attenuated differently in two unrelated HFI patients. The existence of separate structural lesions was confirmed by protein blotting and immunodetection of enzyme subunits after sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide electrophoresis. In one patient the subunit size was identical to wild type (Mr 38,000) and in the other, a single faint band (Mr 39,000) was identified. Radioimmunotitration studies, in two affected offspring of this latter patient by a proven HFI carrier, also revealed differences in antibody recognition. Segregation of different mutant alleles within this kindred demonstrates heterogeneity in HFI occurring at the same genetic locus. Variations in apparent immunoreactivity of aldolase B in HFI are thus related to overt modification of enzyme subunits and indicate that the disorder results principally from structural rather than regulatory mutations in the aldolase B gene. PMID- 6680155 TI - Clinical predictors of outcome in ischemic stroke. AB - Stroke is the most common neurologic disorder of adults and one of the three leading causes of death in North America. Results of a study suggest that inexpensive and easily obtained clinical variables can be used to predict which patients with stroke will do well and which will not. This capability is invaluable to physicians, patients with stroke and their families, and future investigators. PMID- 6680156 TI - Carotid endarterectomy. AB - Carotid endarterectomy should be limited to selected patients who are good risks with definitive diagnostic criteria. The author discusses indications for carotid endarterectomy, postoperative management and timing, and operative technique. PMID- 6680157 TI - Interventional neuroradiology and the management of arteriovenous malformations and fistulas. AB - The development of techniques of radiologic intravascular navigation with particles and balloons has created new therapeutic alternatives to neurologic diseases such as intracranial arteriovenous malformations and fistulas. The authors discuss the applications of these therapeutic tools. PMID- 6680158 TI - Dissections of cervical and cerebral arteries. AB - Dissections have been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. The authors discuss dissection of extracranial carotid, intracranial cerebral, and vertebrobasilar arteries and consider differences in clinical features and in pathophysiologic and therapeutic considerations. PMID- 6680159 TI - Fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery. AB - Carotid artery fibromuscular dysplasia is uncommon. Most patients have a benign clinical course so caution should be used in treating these. Treatment for asymptomatic patients is not advised; symptomatic patients with evidence of progressive cerebral ischemia should be treated with medical or surgical therapy based on the presumed responsible pathophysiologic mechanism. PMID- 6680160 TI - Lacunes. AB - The author defines lacunes, classifies types of lacunes and their causes, discusses the correlation between lacunes and specific syndromes, and suggests appropriate therapy. PMID- 6680161 TI - Multi-infarct dementia. AB - Arteriosclerosis causes damage by strokes. No evidence exists for continuous ischemia in the brain. Decreased cerebral blood flow and metabolism are the result not the cause of dementia so the use of cerebral vasodilators and "activators" lacks a scientific basis. Instead, the treatment and prevention of multi-infarct dementia consist in the treatment and prevention of stroke. PMID- 6680162 TI - Pathogenesis of transient ischemic attacks. AB - The author discusses events occurring in the cerebral cortex at different levels of ischemia, including local cerebral blood flow and infarction, types of emboli, and various thrombi. PMID- 6680163 TI - Heart in ischemic stroke--a changing emphasis. AB - The author discusses how the application of advances in cardiac investigation has improved the understanding and treatment of the heart in ischemic stroke. PMID- 6680164 TI - Current status of risk factors for stroke. AB - Prevention of stroke is the key to reduction of morbidity and mortality from stroke and requires correction of the precursors of stroke in susceptible individuals, the single most important measure being vigorous and sustained control of hypertension. Current studies provide important clues to pathogenesis and thereby provide strategies for prevention. PMID- 6680165 TI - The cerebral ischemic cascade. AB - The author reviews the major biochemical events that follow in the wake of a significant brain ischemic insult. Evidence is presented that establishes lactic acidosis as a significant accelerant of the ischemic cascade and that proposes that uncontrolled entry of calcium into the vulnerable neuron triggers cell death. PMID- 6680166 TI - Pharmacologic protection against ischemic brain damage. AB - Pharmacologic protection should be used cautiously. The author reviews its rationale, use, and recommendations in three clinical conditions associated with ischemic brain damage: stroke, cardiac arrest, and head trauma. PMID- 6680167 TI - Review of the management of saccular aneurysms. AB - Morbidity and mortality from subarachnoidal hemorrhage from ruptured aneurysm is in the vicinity of 60 per cent. Opportunities for improvement in these statistics include more accurate and prompt diagnosis, prevention of rebleeding, treatment of vasospasm, and minimization of surgical and medical complications. PMID- 6680169 TI - Bladder and sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. AB - Bladder dysfunction becomes manifest in various ways, and many therapeutic measures may be of value. Organic and psychiatric therapeutic techniques may be used in a sensitive and open approach to sexual dysfunction. PMID- 6680168 TI - Effects of cerebrovascular lesions on the heart. AB - The relationship of the autonomic nervous system to circulating catecholamines in various forms of brain injury has been surveyed extensively. The author puts in perspective the mosaic of reports that has evolved from different, often conflicting areas of clinical, experimental, and pathologic interest. PMID- 6680173 TI - Symposium on neuro-ophthalmology. PMID- 6680171 TI - An in-vitro approach to the study of oligodendrocytes and their involvement in multiple sclerosis. AB - Evidence is presented for and against the participation of oligodendrocytes in the etiology and pathogenesis of MS,. The structure and properties of these cells are described, and the merits of in-vitro studies to learn of the cells' involvement in MS are argued. PMID- 6680172 TI - 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis. AB - Major advances have been made in the diagnosis of MS by using NMR imaging, suggesting that this noninvasive method will permit staging of MS lesions and that conclusions from newer therapeutic trials may be drawn more accurately than heretofore possible. PMID- 6680170 TI - Pathology of multiple sclerosis. AB - MS has certain salient morphologic features that distinguish it from other disorders of white matter and that may represent points of departure for investigation. PMID- 6680174 TI - The neuro-ophthalmic examination. AB - A properly performed history and examination are essential to diagnosing correctly neuro-ophthalmic disorders. Aspects of the neuro-ophthalmic history and examination, particularly those dealing with evaluation of visual loss, are reviewed. PMID- 6680175 TI - Studies on human cord blood progenitor cells. AB - Analysis of agar cultures throughout a 56-day period determined the concentration and cell cycle status of at least 4 different subclasses of hemopoietic colony forming cells (CFC) in human cord blood (CB). Although the concentration of CFC in CB was not significantly different from bone marrow (BM) in day-12 cultures, neutrophil colonies reached their peak on about day 23 in CB cultures and on day 12 in BM cultures. This suggests that the CFC in CB are more primitive than those in BM. In CB cultures, colonies of small cells contained predominantly neutrophils on day 14 and eosinophils on day 35, while the late developing (day 35) colonies of large cells contained mast-cell-like cells (MCL). PMID- 6680176 TI - [Sterilization of packages using radiation. I. Microbiological studies]. AB - Utilization of ionizing radiation for the sterilization purposes enables the sterilization of dressing materials in packed form together with the protecting packages. This procedure secures advantageous conditions for prolongation of storage time of manufactured articles in the sterile state. In this work the results of six years investigations dealing with the sterility of dressings sterilized by 60Co gamma-irradiation and packed in one--and multilayer packaging materials were shown. After sterilization those materials were storaged in various temperature conditions. PMID- 6680177 TI - [Clinical aspects of the quality control of synthetic polymers used in hematology]. AB - Polyvinyl chloride (PCW) is the most often used synthetic polymer in production of so widely employed in blood service instruments as containers for blood and its preparations, apparatuses for blood transfusions, etc. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP is an often employed plasticider in production of PCW for medical purposes. Since 1967 is has been known that DEHP from the walla of a PCW container penetrates the preservative liquid, blood, or any preparation. The paper, based on results from literature and on the authors own studies, discusses the abilities of DEHP to penetrate blood, and its unequal contents in particular blood preparations. Also multiple blood transfusions are capable of introducing large quantities of phthalates into the patient's organism. Although till now it has not been shown that there is any clear risk related to usage containers with PCW containing DEHP, yet its presence in blood, or in its preparations, should be taken into account, as well as possible influence of this compound (besides other factors) on the patient's state. That is why recently PCW without DEHP, or with other synthetic polymers (polyolefins, etc.), has been used in production of objects used in blood service, esp. in containers for thrombocyte concentrates. The containers seem to be free from the additional factors threatening the patient. PMID- 6680178 TI - [Hip endoprosthesis made of plastics]. AB - The paper describes the varieties of acetabula of human coxal joint endoprosthesis which will be processed in Poland. General methods of their production, demands of them, and measurements results are also given. PMID- 6680180 TI - [Liquid method of electret formation]. AB - The work presents the results of investigations of electrets formed according to the liquid method. This method utilizes transmission of electric charge from conductive liquid to dielectric surface. Electrets were made of poliester foil "Hostaphan". Various liquids such as acetone, ethanol, Ringer solution and distilled water were used for charging. It was established that surface densities of electret charge formed by Ringer solution and acetone are about from 15 to 20 nC/cm2, whereas those formed by ethanol and distilled water from 5 to 10 nC/cm2. These electrets are characterized by big stability of charge and their survival time is about 100 years. Deelectrization of electrets in liquids that were formerly used for formation was also performed. It appeared that the survival time of the samples after deelectrization was several times longer than the survival time of electrets. The longest survival time have samples formed by ethanol and deelectrized by Ringer solution (about 10(9) years). PMID- 6680179 TI - [Effect of an electric charge on athrombogenic properties of polyvinyl chloride foil]. AB - The authors present the results of investigation of fresh, human citrate blood after and before the contact with monoelectret of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The investigations concerned the influence of electric charge of the results of thromboelastographic test and the outcome of microscopic examination. It was proved that blood after the contact with monoelectret contrary to the blood after the contact with sample lacking electret effect, had markedly prolonged thromboelastographic coagulation time and time of clot formation to standard elasticity. PMID- 6680182 TI - Chronic blepharitis and pyoderma of the scalp: an immune deficiency state in a father and son with hypercupremia and decreased intracellular killing. AB - An immune deficiency state is proposed as the cause of a disorder affecting a father and son with chronic dermatitis, purulent blepharitis with corneal ulceration, and scarring pyodermatous alopecia of the scalp. The results of immunologic investigation revealed abnormal neutrophil function with a variable decrease in intracellular killing, decreased lymphocyte transformation, increased serum IgG and IgE, and elevated serum copper levels. These findings will be compared with previously described immune deficiency disorders. PMID- 6680181 TI - The rise and fall of fluorescent tinea capitis. AB - The epidemiology of tinea capitis has had a remarkable change in the past 20 years. It is important for physicians to realize that most tinea capitis in the United States is caused by Trichophyton tonsurans and that these lesions cannot be diagnosed by the Wood's lamp. Trichophyton tonsurans tinea capitis is frequently misdiagnosed because the lesions mimic such common scalp conditions as dandruff and seborrhea. Further, this organism can cause chronic tinea capitis in women that may become a infectious reservoir for other family members. A negative potassium hydroxide preparation will not rule out infection with T tonsurans and cultures are necessary. Scalp lesions in children should be considered tinea capitis until culturally proved otherwise. PMID- 6680183 TI - Cutaneous leishmaniasis in an infant. AB - Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the United States is unusual. We report an infant who developed CL after returning from an endemic area. A skin biopsy yielded Leishmania organisms within 48 hours. The cutaneous lesions resolved with scarring after several months. PMID- 6680185 TI - Benefits of cooperation between pediatric and dermatology staff. PMID- 6680184 TI - Progressive cardiomyopathic lentiginosis: report of six cases and one autopsy. AB - Progressive cardiomyopathic lentiginosis (PCL) is a syndrome with progressive multisystem abnormalities. Lentigines, the cutaneous hallmark, are usually present from early age and are of utmost diagnostic value. Six children with PCL are reported. The most constant diagnostic features in this age group were multiple cutaneous lentigines, structural cardiac anomalies, and electrocardiographic alterations. Less constant findings were neurosensory deafness, short stature, and osseous, ocular, and genitourinary abnormalities. PMID- 6680186 TI - Eyelash infestation by Phthirus pubis as a manifestation of child abuse. PMID- 6680187 TI - Anti-therapeutic dimensions of a community meeting in a therapeutic milieu. AB - A central feature of many inpatient settings, especially those that attempt to be "therapeutic communities," is the community meeting. Such meetings are often quite large and difficult to manage, and therefore susceptible to confusion and chaos. The present article documents the difficulties associated with a community meeting in a particular hospital setting, which is often psychonoxious for patients and debilitating of staff morale. The need to define achievable tasks that are commonly understood and agreed upon is addressed. The confusion and paralysis that results when roles are not clearly delineated is described, as is the destructive potential of not carefully managing the various boundaries that define the relationship between the community meeting and the context in which it is conducted. Finally, the danger of insufficient structure in a community meeting is illustrated. Suggestions for conducting successful meetings are offered. PMID- 6680189 TI - Psychodynamics of the mildly retarded and borderline intelligence adult. AB - In psychiatric literature there is a lack of interest in the psychodynamics of mildly retarded and borderline intelligence adults, despite the fact that these patients are known to be plagued by emotional problems and that their psychic conflicts, mobilization of defenses, and neurotic/psychotic solutions often represent a model of psychodynamic transparency. The authors discuss the special problems of development and adjustment to the community of these patients, and provide four case studies with psychodynamic formulations. PMID- 6680190 TI - Interdisciplinary collaboration: psychiatric medical backup in the outpatient clinic. AB - The provision of psychiatric medical backup to nonphysician therapists is currently an important issue in inpatient and outpatient practice. Like all team approaches, backup offers the possibility of increased efficiency, professional growth, and access to treatment. At the same time, the psychiatrist providing medical backup is confronted with practical and ethical dilemmas in meeting his or her responsibilities. The authors define the role of psychiatrist medical backup and propose a collaborative model for outpatient practice. Issues to be considered in the planning of backup arrangements are discussed. The importance of clear role definition and communication between collaborators is emphasized. PMID- 6680188 TI - The evaluation of a support group for families of the chronic mentally ill. AB - One promising approach to meeting the needs of families of the mentally ill is through the use of support groups. The organization, format, and evaluation of a support group for families of the chronically mentally ill is described. The program was designed to provide support and guidance, increase understanding of mental illness and its impact on the family, and encourage family members to become more active in the treatment process. Preliminary findings suggest that families gained a more realistic understanding of mental illness and recognized the important role they play in providing support to the patient. At follow-up, participants' social networks had grown and many were more active and involved in the treatment process. PMID- 6680191 TI - Psychodynamic perspectives of training in child psychiatry. AB - Residency training in child psychiatry requires considerable change in approach and in personal involvement on the part of the resident who enters the field after training in adult psychiatry. The resident needs to become familiar with the influence on children of a wide variety of modes of living, biological, psychological, social, and developmental aspects and interaction processes within the family and the community. Because of the abundance of material he has to learn, a carefully planned training program should be instituted, with guidance in the gradual absorption of knowledge and the expansion of skills. Various previous personal experiences, approaches, and opinions of the resident influence his work. Psychodynamic aspects of the training process need considerable attention in supervisory sessions with child psychiatry residents. This should promote establishment of a firm professional identity, which is essential to avoid unnecessary drop outs and to assure fulfillment of the many roles of child psychiatry. PMID- 6680193 TI - Magical thinking by inpatient staff members. AB - Magical thinking is a primitive form of mental activity which, nevertheless, the author contends, is common among mental health professionals. Four examples of magical thinking by inpatient staff members are presented and briefly explored, in order to shed light on our work and ourselves. PMID- 6680192 TI - Barriers to working with impaired trainees: a resident's viewpoint. AB - Psychiatric trainees and educators alike know that significant impairment may occur during training. Although psychiatry programs can do much to identify, treat, and prevent trainee impairment, barriers that may hinder programs from adequately addressing the problems of the impaired trainee continue to exist. These barriers include stigmatization and rejection of the impaired trainee, lack of focus on primary prevention, problematic supervisor-resident relationships, and trainee resistance to intervention. An atmosphere of candor and support, impairment-related seminars, and informed and alert supervisors can be helpful in easing the stress of training and reducing trainee impairment. PMID- 6680194 TI - Addressing the borderline's repetitive misuse of the state hospital. PMID- 6680195 TI - Suicide after unilateral ECT in a patient previously responsive to bilateral ECT. AB - A 34-year-old schizophrenic committed suicide after his fourth unilateral electroconvulsive treatment. He previously responded successfully to seven bilateral treatments. The authors hypothesize that unilateral ECT may post a greater risk than bilateral ECT for the delusional suicidal patient. The rationale underlying this hypothesis states that the greater temporary disruption in cognition and memory associated with bilateral ECT is actually desirable in suicidal patients although it is an unwanted side effect in nonsuicidal patients. Since energy and mood often improve before delusions, bilateral ECT may neutralize delusions during the time of maximum suicidal risk as patients begin to improve. PMID- 6680196 TI - Multiple metaphyseal lesions in a child with a syndrome of progressive muscle cramps, alopecia and stunted growth (Satoyoshi disease). AB - An 11-year-old Japanese girl with a syndrome of progressive muscle cramps, alopecia and stunted growth (Satoyoshi disease) is described. Unique bone lesions in the syndrome are demonstrated and defined as multiple metaphyseal bone disease. PMID- 6680197 TI - Preliminary report on digitalization of renal microangiograms used in analysing renal parenchymal diseases. AB - Glomerulography is a useful method for the angiographic diagnosis of various renal parenchymal diseases. A new system for digitalization of the glomerulogram has been developed using a high resolution television camera and a CT computer. We describe the fundamental procedures involved in the clinical application of digital glomerulography by applying this method to a renal microangiogram of a cow. This new method aids a clearer understanding of the detailed microvasculatures by providing better magnification and storage and allowing for further processing of the original analogue images. With a computer printout of any part of the glomerulogram also possible, an estimation of the glomerular counts and their distribution can now be given for any unit of cross-sectional area of the renal cortex. PMID- 6680198 TI - Double contrast cervical esophagography: use of a specially designed cup to aid double-contrast cervical esophagography. AB - We designed a cup to aid double-contrast cervical esophagography using photo fluorography and an image intensifier. The cup allows an adequate amount of air to be delivered with the contrast media so that the cervical esophageal lumen expands to give an ideal double contrast image. The clear image is obtained, having to calculate exact timing. The timing sequence we used during the serial radiography was 4 seconds at 2 radiographs per second while the patient continually swallowed the contrast medium and air. PMID- 6680199 TI - Radiation treatment of esophageal carcinoma using a high-dose-rate remote afterloader. AB - Between May 1980 and October 1982, 25 patients with esophageal carcinoma were treated with a high dose rate, remote-controlled afterloading unit as a booster therapy for the intracavitary irradiation following external irradiation. All patients were observed in a follow up program which continued for more than 1 year after the beginning of radiation treatment. As of August 1983, 7 patients were alive and had had no local recurrence. Eighteen patients had died, of whom 9 had local failure. Local control rates at 6 months and 1 year were 67.3% and 62.1% respectively, which were significantly better than those in the group treated with external irradiation alone (p less than 0.01). Side effects were seen in 12 patients, but no special treatment was necessary. As for complications, esophageal ulcers were found in 24 patients, who, except for 2 patients, were all cured by conventional treatment. Other complications were 5 cases of stricture, 4 of esophago-bronchial fistula, 1 of esophago-aortal fistula, 1 of pulmonary fibrosis, and 1 of radiation osteitis. No radiation myelitis occurred. PMID- 6680200 TI - Urinary uric acid excretion in patients with carcinoma of the cervix undergoing intracavitary radium therapy. AB - An attempt is made here to determine the pattern of urinary uric acid excretion in patients with carcinoma of the cervix undergoing intracavitary radium therapy. Eight patients from the Philippine General Hospital were studied using 24-hour urine collection method to study the uric acid level. Result showed a proportionate increased in uric acid excretion with increasing dose of radiation up to 4,800-5,400 rads, after which, uric acid excretion produced an unexpected downtrend even with continued radiation. Maximum uric acid excretion ranged from 680-1,500 mg% with a mean of 1,005 +/- 100 mg%. PMID- 6680202 TI - Visualization of an adrenal pheochromocytoma with thallium-201. AB - An adrenal pheochromocytoma was visualized with thallium-201 chloride. Tl-201 concentration was observed in the cellular and vascular portion of the tumor immediately after its intravenous injection and decreased with time. Tl-201 may be a useful imaging agent for localizing pheochromocytomas. PMID- 6680203 TI - Gelatin gel beads as an embolic agent. AB - Gelatin gel beads (GGB) is a compound of a long-chain polypeptide cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. It has been produced exclusively for embolic purposes. The object of the tests reported here was to determine the efficacy of GGB as an embolic agent in dogs as initial studies with rats had shown no acute toxic reaction. Eight dogs were used as subjects. Transcatheter embolization of one kidney in each animal was performed with a suspension of 500 mg of GGB and contrast material. The embolized kidneys were re-examined after one to five weeks. Embolized vessels remained occluded up to five weeks after the procedure. There was mild granulomatous reaction which started to organize at about the third week. The availability of GGB in various sizes when mixed in an isotonic solution makes it unique when compared with other forms of embolic agents. As this agent has now been shown to be a safe and reliable agent in dogs, it can now be used for testing in human subjects. PMID- 6680201 TI - Radiotherapy and cellular infiltration of tumor nests. AB - There are several opinions which deny the therapeutic effects of preoperative irradiation. However, we have obtained favorable results in treating advanced breast and stomach cancers with preoperative irradiation using a less fractionated irradiation method with a large dose instead of the conventional fractionated one. We adapted this kind of radiation method to improve resectability and to enhance the antigenicity of the cancer cells so as to inhibit the suppression of the immune reaction in the host. After preoperative irradiation, we examined the resected specimen histopathologically. Remarkable cellular infiltrations, such as neutrocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells of the tumor nests were observed; and these cellular infiltrations, after preoperative irradiation, were more remarkable than the cases without radiotherapy or with conventional fractionated radiotherapy. These cellular infiltrations suggest participation of immunoreaction and we are convinced that this kind of preoperative irradiation could enhance positive immunoreactions. The indications are that this kind of preoperative irradiation of advanced breast and stomach cancer significantly improve the cancer's resectability and curability. PMID- 6680206 TI - Computed tomography in the detection of small renal cell carcinoma. AB - Small renal cell carcinoma, less than 3 cm in diameter, was detected with computed tomography (CT) in three patients. The patients had no urological complaints and the carcinomas were discovered by chance during tests made for liver diseases. After making a comparison study between these three cases and a false-positive case, dynamic CT images were evaluated to be beneficial for detection of the tumors: dense staining in the early phase which became less dense than normal parenchyma in the late nephrogram phase. PMID- 6680204 TI - ECG-gated NMR-CT for cardiovascular disease. AB - We have developed an ECG-gated NMR-CT, and used it with 16 patients. The saturation recovery images are not able to separate heart muscle from the blood pool, but in inversion recovery images, heart muscle can be differentiated from the ventricles. The region of myocardial infarction is revealed as wall thinning and/or wall motion abnormality. From the two-gated inversion recovery images (the end-diastole and end-systole images) we obtained, we evaluated a wall motion abnormality in the left ventricle, and calculated the ejection fraction of the left ventricle. This information was then compared with the findings of a nuclear medicine study carried out one week interval and which included 10 of the 16 patients tested with the ECG-gated NMR-CT. The wall motions in both methods are well correlated, with the exception of the inferior wall. The values of the ejection fraction in the NMR image were moderately low, but two modalities showed a satisfactory correlation (r = 0.85). PMID- 6680205 TI - Functional imaging of thallium-201 myocardial washout and the clinical utility of this method. AB - In exercise testing with Thallium-201 myocardial scintiscan, we developed a quantitative myocardial Tl-201 washout image, a washout ratio and a washout index to detect ischemic segments. The washout value was measured with a pixel by pixel calculation between counts of the initial image and images that were delayed for three hours after the initial image. We compared the color displayed functional washout images with the original image in the detection of ischemic segments which had been confirmed by coronary angiography. A study of 22 patients showed 20 cases of coronary artery disease (with MI 8, but without MI 12) and two cases of normal control. The sensitivity for detection of a diseased vessel was 81% in the washout ratio imaging method and 79% in the washout index method, and both were superior to the sensitivity of the original image, which was 69%. As concerns MI cases, eight out of nine infarcted segments showed a lower washout, which represented partial redistribution on the delayed image. Six out of seven ischemic but not infarcted segments could be detected by the washout image, but only three were detected by the original image. These results indicate the washout image could provide not only transient ischemia but also additional ischemia of MI. We conclude that the washout image will be useful in producing a visual indication of ischemic areas. PMID- 6680207 TI - Experimental treatment of cerebral vascular spasm secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - Cerebral artery spasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Treatment or prevention methods are most desirable. Using the basilar artery of the rabbit, cerebral arterial spasm was induced with an injection of 4 ml of autologous blood via cisternal puncture in six treated, four pre-treated and six control animals. Vertebral angiography was performed before and at ten, twenty, thirty and sixty minutes after the injection of blood was carried out, and the presence of spasm and its cause were followed in these animals. Pre-treated and treated subjects received 2 mg/kg of diltiazem (a calcium antagonist) either before and after the injection of blood, respectively. Analysis of vessel diameters by computer assisted densitometry showed that the treated group had a significant reduction of basilar artery spasm when compared to the control group, while in the pre-treated group, spasm was prevented. PMID- 6680208 TI - Plate-like atelectasis at the corticomedullary junction of the lung: CT observation and hypothesis. AB - A concept of plate-like atelectasis in the corticomedullary junction of the lung is presented with illustrative case reports. Two processes can be considered as contributory causes: air trapping in the cortex of the lung and decreased distensibility of the whole lung due to interstitial infiltration. PMID- 6680209 TI - The use of computed tomography in fulminant hepatic failure. AB - We report on a case of fulminant hepatic failure induced by a hepatitis-B virus. Computed tomography (CT) was valuable in the recognition of severe liver atrophy with ascites. CT was also an efficient means for evaluating the progress of fulminant hepatic failure. PMID- 6680210 TI - Preliminary report on long-term results of pion therapy at Los Alamos. AB - Between 1974 and 1981 a group of 234 patients with generally advanced regional cancers were treated with pions at the Los Alamos Meson Production Facility (LAMPF). As of May 1983, 53 patients remained alive of which 31 were examined. Records on these and others were reviewed in order to assess some late effects of pion therapy. In judging clinical RBE values there appeared to be no difference between acute and late effect RBE's. Complications were clearly dose-related and significantly greater in patients who received additional local photon irradiation and/or surgery. Tumor control also appeared dose related but difficult to assess because of a wide range of fractionation numbers. PMID- 6680211 TI - Early changes in blood flow of the mouse skin after irradiation as measured by the 133Xe clearance method. AB - The early effects of radiation on the local blood flow in the skin of mice were evaluated by measuring the local clearance rate of 133Xe after its subcutaneous injection; this was done at four to five weeks after irradiation during the animals' normal resting conditions. The fractionation schedules employed were single fractions, two fractions in 15 days and four fractions in 15 days. The dose effect curves with these schedules showed a two-component pattern. There was a uniform reduction in flood flow after 10 to 30 Gy, and a steady increase in flood flow after doses more than 40 Gy. The blood flow after higher-fractionated doses was always lower than after less-fractionated doses. It was considered that radiation doses causing higher severity of acute skin reactions might have predominated a degree of acute vasodilatation over fibrotic changes, thus resulting in increased blood flow. A steady increase in early blood flow was observed with increasing severity of acute skin reactions, but the early blood flow was not a good indicator for predicting late skin reactions, except for a severe leg deformity which was accompanied with a significant increase in early blood flow. PMID- 6680212 TI - Neutron and neutron-boost irradiation of soft tissue sarcomas: a 4.5 year analysis of 139 patients. AB - A 4.5 year analysis of neutron and neutron-boost therapy is presented for 139 patients with soft tissue sarcomas. The actuarial survival rate of all patients is 64.3%, the disease-free survival rate is 61.6%. Significant differences in local control rates were found as a function of tumour stage (100% for T1, 72% for T2 and 46% for T3; p: 0.018) and as a function of the presence (50.5%) or absence of clinical evidence of tumour at the time of irradiation (76%; p: 0.002). The corresponding actuarial survival rates are 90.1% for T1 tumours, 78.5% for T2 tumours and 51.2% for T3 tumours, and on the other hand, 50.5% for patients with gross tumour and 76% for patients with no clinical evidence of tumour. A rather high morbidity rate (31/111, i.e. 28%) was observed after full neutron treatment. In order to reduce this complication rate, a combination of photons and a neutron boost was adopted. On 28 patients treated up to now, only two severe complications were observed. The effectiveness of this treatment regimen is presently being evaluated in a prospective European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) trial. PMID- 6680213 TI - Causes of failure of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. AB - Causes of failure of radiation therapy are reviewed and illustrated with clinical examples from cancers of the head and neck region. Radiobiological factors relating to volume of cancer, hypoxia, tumor cell kinetics, intrinsic cellular radiosensitivity and repair capability are considered, along with physical factors relating to fraction size and inadvertent underdosage. In addition, reference is made to failures attributable to a sigmoid dose response curve for tumor control and to the development of second primary cancers. The distinction is made between those causes of failure that can be minimized by optimal application of concepts and techniques readily available to all radiotherapists, those that are not amenable to any modification of radiotherapeutic technique, and those that are potentially remediable by new treatment strategies based on the radiobiological attributes of individual tumors. PMID- 6680215 TI - Combined radiation and drugs: the effect of intra-arterial chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. AB - This study was designed to ascertain whether a prior reduction of tumor size by drugs could affect the final outcome of tumors treated with radiation. 142 patients with head and neck cancer (oropharynx, maxillary antrum and intra-oral) were randomized for the study. In 72 cases, irradiation was preceded by a continuous intra-arterial infusion of 3-5 mg/day methotrexate to a total dose of 90-120 mg; the other 70 patients were treated with radiotherapy alone. Chemotherapy, given prior to radiotherapy, caused a shift in the tumor stage (i.e. a reduction in tumor size) in more than one third of the cases. The overall 5-year survival was 43% in the combined treatment group and 25% in the group treated with radiation alone (statistical difference: p less than .05). However, when analysed separately the difference was statistically significant only in oral cavity tumors (5-year survival of 54% in the combined modality group vs. 27% in the control group), although local control rates after both single and combined modalities were not statistically different from those of oropharynx and maxillary antrum tumors. In these last lesions, however, the dissemination of disease was more frequent; therefore, the lack of improvement of cure rate with the combined modality in these cases seems to be related to both the higher tendency of these tumors to disseminate and the low effectiveness of intra arterial chemotherapy in controlling distant metastases. Mild and transient local and systemic toxicities were observed during chemotherapy infusion, but no radiosensitising effect on normal skin and mucosa was seen during radiotherapy in patients who had received pre-irradiation chemotherapy. PMID- 6680217 TI - The different clinical presentation, behaviour and prognosis of carcinomas originating in the epilarynx and the lower supraglottis. AB - Within the supraglottic larynx, two subregions can be distinguished: the epilarynx and the lower supraglottis. Tumours arising in these structures have very different clinical presentations and prognosis. Management should be adjusted accordingly. Between 1962 and 1977, 325 patients with supraglottic cancer were seen, of whom 317 presented as untreated cases. In 171 patients (54%) the tumour originated in the lower part of the supraglottis. In this group 61% had T1 or T2 lesions, 23% had palpable neck nodes. In 130 of these patients, the initial treatment was irradiation. At 5 years, actuarial survival was 55% (uncorrected) and local control was 77%. The larynx was preserved in 61% of patients. Tumour stage had only limited influence on treatment results, but the presence of neck nodes was very important for prognosis. The best survival rate was observed in patients with T1 or T2, N0 lesions. Epilaryngeal tumours were seen in 146 patients (46% of all supraglottic tumours). In this group, only 40% had T1 or T2 lesions and 47% had palpable nodes. In the 110 patients primarily treated with radiotherapy, uncorrected actuarial survival was 36%, local control was 56% at 5 years. The voice was preserved in 45% of patients. Tumour stage had no influence on prognosis, but the presence of lymph nodes was a very important prognostic discriminant. A dose-response relation was observed in the range between 40 Gy in 4 weeks and 65 Gy in 6.5 weeks, above this dose level no further improvement was observed. It is remarkable that, although the presence of palpable neck nodes at diagnosis is the most important factor determining local control and survival, only in 23 out of 104 local or regional recurrences was the relapse found in the neck nodes. In 75 patients, the primary treatment was a combination of radiotherapy and surgery (40 lower supraglottic and 35 epilaryngeal tumours). Survival at 5 years was 62%, local control 77%. While these results were about equal in both subsites, both survival and local control were higher than in patients treated with radiotherapy alone. In our institute, the complication rate of surgery after preoperative irradiation was low. From our data, it appears that a laryngectomy is to be preferred for all patients with palpable neck nodes and also for all T3 and T4 lesions of the lower supraglottis. Radiotherapy should probably be reserved for small (T1 and T2) tumours of the lower supraglottis and for epilaryngeal cancer without neck nodes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6680216 TI - Results of radical radiation for chondrosarcoma of bone. AB - A retrospective analysis has been made of 38 radically treated patients with chondrosarcoma of bone treated with irradiation alone or with concurrent chemotherapy (nine patients) at the Princess Margaret Hospital (P.M.H.) between 1958 and 1981. This includes updated data on previously reported patients. No patient had complete surgery. Tumours in axial sites (25/38 patients) and presenting with pain (25/38 patients) predominate; both well known poor prognostic factors. There is also a greater proportion with unfavourable histology (mesenchymal, poorly differentiated, dedifferentiated) (13/38 patients) compared to other series. The 5 and 10 year actuarial survival rate was 41% and 36% respectively with a median survival of 46 months. The best results were obtained in the group with favourable histology (well and moderately differentiated) with 48% 5 year actuarial survival versus 22% in the unfavourable subgroup. The progression-free survival of the favourable group was 13/25 patients versus 2/13 for the unfavourable group (p less than 0.01). Distant metastasis were rare in the patients with favourable histology (1/24) compared to 5/13 of the unfavourable group. Nine patients were given concurrent chemotherapy and irradiation. To date, only 1/7 patients with favourable histology and combined treatment have had progressive disease (follow-up 8-83 months). Only two patients with unfavourable histology received combined chemotherapy and irradiation and both have relapsed. In conclusion, there is evidence to suggest chondrosarcoma is not radioresistant and irradiation should be considered when surgery would cause major unacceptable morbidity or be technically impossible. Early evidence suggests there may be a role for chemotherapy to supplement the effects of irradiation. PMID- 6680214 TI - Dental preservation in patients irradiated for head and neck tumours: A 10-year experience with topical fluoride and a randomized trial between two fluoridation methods. AB - Since 1972, the dentures of 935 patients irradiated for head and neck carcinoma have been preserved after careful selection and according to well-defined criteria, using a prospective programme of daily applications of topical sodium fluoride gel. The results of 1-10 years follow-up are given. Four percent of the patients developed a diffuse dental decay and 1% a bone necrosis which can be related to the dental preservation. None of these complications occurred with careful patient selections nor when programme compliance was maintained. Post irradiation dental extractions were performed in 29 cases with subsequent healing in all cases but one. The surgical technique of such extractions is described. In March 1980, a randomized protocol was activated to compare the use of the sodium fluoride gel to high content fluoride toothpaste (1350 ppm F-). Two hundred and twenty patients were entered. At 12-36 months follow-up, dental caries were observed in 3% of the patients receiving the fluoride gel as compared to 11% receiving the toothpaste (p = 0.1). However, none of the patients adhering to the programme instructions failed in either arm. Currently, it seems reasonable to state that preservation of teeth in irradiated patients should be the rule and not the exception, given good dental condition prior to treatment and patient cooperation. The 5 min daily application of fluoride gel is the most reliable method for prevention of post-irradiation dental caries. The twice daily use of high content fluoride toothpaste is a good alternative provided its limitations are well understood by the clinician and patient. PMID- 6680218 TI - The use of CT in radiotherapy treatment planning. AB - A prospective study is reported comparing conventional localisation with computed tomography (CT) localisation of tumours for radiotherapy treatment planning. One hundred and five out of 320 (33%) patients had an alteration in treatment plan and details are given according to the tumour site. CT planning enables more accurate localisation of both tumour and normal organs in addition to providing an accurate body contour and inhomogeneity corrections. Implications for integration of CT into radiotherapy planning practice are discussed and the impact of CT on treatment policy evaluated. PMID- 6680219 TI - Dose-incidence curves for tumour control and normal tissue injury, in relation to the response of clonogenic cells. AB - A probit analysis has been made of data from the literature on local control of tumours and injury to normal tissue as a function of dose of radiation. Fifteen series were analysed for local tumour control in man and ten series for complications. The analysis yielded values for the D50 dose (50% incidence of effect) and the probit width (K), a measure of the steepness of the dose incidence curve. The same analyses were made of data for rodents. Broadly, K was proportional to D50 in the ratio 1:7, with no major differences between tumours and reported complications. D50 was plotted as a function of dose per fraction for four normal tissues and two tumours in rodents. D50 decreased more rapidly with increasing dose per fraction for the normal tissues than for tumours. The probit width, K, varied inversely with increasing dose per fraction for normal tissues and this contrasted with the tumour response. Thus with increasing dose per fraction, the threshold for effect decreased and the steepness of the ensuing dose-incidence curve increased, relatively more rapidly for normal tissue than for tumour. These curves of gross response have been analysed also by the double negative log method of Gilbert [23], in an attempt to estimate the number and survival characteristics of "tissue-rescuing cells". These were calculated to be less than 1 in 10(4) of the numbers of clonogenic cells measured by excision assays. The D0 values of the derived survival curves for these tissue-rescuing cells were higher than those measured by excision assays. PMID- 6680220 TI - A murine model of lip epidermal/mucosal reactions to X-irradiation. AB - A new radiobiological test system has been developed for lip epidermal/mucosal reactions in mice. This is intended for use in investigations of the effect of non-standard fractionation and of modifying drugs on oral radiation reactions in human cancer patients. An arbitrary scale of scores was devised, with separate scores for oedema of the lips and for erythema or exudation. After single doses of 13-20 Gy, the mouse lip epidermal reactions began at 5 days, reached a peak about 10-13 days, and had fallen to low values, but not to zero, by 21 days. Several different periods for averaging the reaction scores were tested for relative steepness and variability, the most useful being 10-12 days inclusive or the 12th day score alone. The use of longer periods of averaging led to apparent saturation of the scores. It was found that large doses of X-rays repeated at 21 23 day intervals did not lead to escalating waves of reactions unless each dose was greater than 17 Gy. With these larger doses, escalation of reactions occurred even if the intervals were extended. PMID- 6680221 TI - The importance of thermotolerance for the clinical treatment with hyperthermia. AB - Thermotolerance (i.e. a temporary heat resistance following a prior heat treatment) is a general phenomenon occurring in both normal tissues and tumours. Besides affecting a fractionated heat treatment, thermotolerance may also influence the effect of fractionated combined heat and radiation. The importance of thermotolerance for fractionated clinical hyperthermia is discussed on the basis of a series of in vitro experiments in L1A2 cells and in vivo studies of a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma. If maximal tumour interaction is wanted, thermotolerance should be avoided, but it would be preferable in normal tissues in order to reduce the amount of damage. Unfortunately, there is a considerable variation in the kinetics and magnitude of thermotolerance between different tissues, and it is currently not possible to predict how thermotolerance will develop in a given tumour or normal tissue. However, both the magnitude and the kinetics appear to depend on the heat damage induced by the priming heat treatment. Thus, in a given tissue, thermotolerance will develop later, but will reach a higher maximum by a larger priming heat treatment. It follows that if a homogeneous temperature cannot be applied to a given tissue, different parts will develop thermotolerance at different kinetic patterns. Therefore, at the time of subsequent heat treatment, the tissue may express different heat sensitivities in different areas. With the current knowledge, the best way to overcome the problems of thermotolerance when heat is given alone or sequentially with radiotherapy will be by application of a single or few, but large heat fractions given with an interval that allows thermotolerance to develop and decay before the next hyperthermic treatment is given. With a simultaneous heat and radiation treatment which optimally requires heating in association with all radiation fractions, the fractionation interval should also be long, which is complicated by the fact that such long fractionation intervals may not result in an optimal radiation treatment. PMID- 6680222 TI - The relationship between heating time and temperature: its relevance to clinical hyperthermia. AB - It is well known that for a given level of damage to either cells in vitro or tissues in situ the relationship between temperature and time of application undergoes a transition in the range 42-43 degrees C and that above this temperature a change of 1 degree C is equivalent to a change in heating time by a factor of two. The present study has concentrated on establishing the relationship between time and temperature over a wide range. The investigation is in two parts, i.e. a review of the literature and an experimental study in which the endpoint used was necrosis in the tail of the baby rat. The aim is to provide information which might help solve a major clinical problem, namely the lack of a satisfactory means of relating treatments given with different temperatures for different lengths of time. The difficulty arises because there is no satisfactory definition of heat dose, in this context. The results confirm the relationship given above for temperatures above the transition. However, below the transition a change of 1 degree C is equivalent to a change in heating time by a factor of six. It is suggested that these relationships provide a means of monitoring a treatment in which the temperature does not remain constant and may vary within a heated volume. The method may also be used to compare treatments from different centres. An indication of the considerable uncertainties of the procedure is given.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6680223 TI - A new isoeffect curve for change in dose per fraction. AB - A method is proposed for using survival curve parameters for calculating the change in total dose necessary to achieve an equal response in a tissue when the dose per fraction is varied. The method uses the ratio alpha/beta of the coefficients of the linear quadratic survival formula and accounts only for the effect of repair of cellular injury. Absolute values for alpha and beta are not required. The isoeffect curves vary for different tissues. A dose adjustment to account for differences in the regeneration of surviving cells that might result from changing a treatment regimen must be made separately and will also vary from tissue to tissue. Examples of the use of the curves are given. At present, the curves, particularly those for late effects, are uncertain and caution should be observed in using them until they are defined more accurately with additional data. PMID- 6680224 TI - Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced testicular non-seminoma. I. The influence of sequence and timing of drugs and radiation on the appearance of normal tissue damage. AB - Acute and delayed normal tissue damage has been investigated in 63 advanced stage testicular non-seminoma patients receiving elective involved-field irradiation after chemotherapy and in 53 patients who had chemotherapy given for relapse after prior irradiation. The risk of death from complications due to chemotherapy was 0% and 9.4% (p less than 0.025) in the two groups respectively. Gastro intestinal damage and/or subcutaneous fibrosis was present in 12.6% and 24.5% of patients respectively, although only three patients have serious persisting disability. In patients receiving 35-45 Gy to the retroperitoneum the incidence of normal tissue damage was 0% and 25% (p less than 0.001), respectively. In addition to the sequence in which chemotherapy and radiotherapy was delivered, the time interval between completion of radiotherapy and start of chemotherapy was important with 6/6 patients receiving drugs within 2 months of irradiation developing fibrosis. Abdominal surgery appeared not to influence the risk of damage. Of nine patients receiving drugs after infradiaphragmatic and supra diaphragmatic irradiation two died of neutropenic sepsis. PMID- 6680225 TI - Current status of the field: contrasting perspectives. The future of behavioral interventions. AB - It is suggested that in the future alcohol abuse is likely to be treated as part of a program of general health management designed to change a number of health related behaviors simultaneously. The overall program will emphasize detailed contingency and stimulus management procedures in the early stages, with control passing to generalized reinforcers and new cue stimuli as training proceeds. The client/patient will be an active participant from the start and will be given ultimate responsibility for managing his/her own behavior. There is likely to be a resurgence of interest in aversive procedures as a means of assisting behavioral self-management. PMID- 6680226 TI - Current status of the field: contrasting perspectives. A medical clinician's perspective. AB - Because alcoholism is viewed and treated as a bad habit, almost all treatment approaches are covertly behavioral. Behavior therapy as a specific and overt approach to alcoholism is widely written and talked about. Nevertheless, it is not the major approach utilized in the majority of treatment programs. This is a result of a trend toward deprofessionalization in the field manifested by a reluctance to accept ideas not compatible with accepted with accepted dogma, a reluctance of professionals dynamically oriented to accept behavioral approaches, and a lack of belief in the efficacy of behavior therapy. It is vital to keep the field open to new ideas and facts; if we do, behavior therapy has a bright future in the treatment of alcoholism. PMID- 6680227 TI - Current status of the field: an anthropological perspective on the behavior modification treatment of alcoholism. AB - This chapter discusses behavior modification treatment for alcoholism in terms of the potential influence of cultural factors on the treatment process. It is suggested that cultural factors may be an important determinant of treatment involvement and treatment success. Four categories of cultural factors are identified and discussed: (1) folk beliefs about the cause and treatment of illness; (2) beliefs about control of one's behavior: (3) socialization techniques; and (4) acculturation. It is also suggested that behavior modification treatments, compared to other general treatments, do less harm to an individual's cultural identity while, at the same time, they provide an opportunity for cultural factors to be used in the treatment selection process. PMID- 6680228 TI - Social mediators of alcohol problems. Movement toward prevention strategies. Overview. PMID- 6680229 TI - Current concepts in the diagnosis of alcoholism. Overview. PMID- 6680231 TI - [A schistosomal area of the Federal District: study of refuse disposal and the transmission of the disease]. PMID- 6680233 TI - [Diatom florulas in 2 valleys located in karstic terrain of the Bambui eopaleozoic group (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil). (Chromophyta, Diatomophyceae)]. PMID- 6680230 TI - The behavioral treatment of alcoholism. Overview. PMID- 6680235 TI - [Control of malaria vectors: a stimulating challenge]. PMID- 6680232 TI - [Diatom florulas in an artificial lagoon in Precambrian terrains; Pedro Leopoldo municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil. (Chromophyta, Diatomophyceae)]. PMID- 6680234 TI - [Microflora and microfauna of the habitat of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)]. PMID- 6680236 TI - [Socioeconomic processes in malaria transmission and control]. PMID- 6680237 TI - [Aspects of the surgical treatment of glaucoma in Mauritania]. PMID- 6680238 TI - Trachoma in Chiapas, Mexico. PMID- 6680239 TI - [Results of cryoextraction of crystalline cataracts in trachoma]. PMID- 6680240 TI - [Trachoma in the Republic of Mexico]. PMID- 6680241 TI - Evaluation of treatment against trachoma in two regions of Ethiopia. PMID- 6680242 TI - Guideline for a programme for prevention of blindness in developing countries. PMID- 6680243 TI - [Trachoma in Vietnam]. PMID- 6680244 TI - Public policy and adolescent sexual behavior in the United States. PMID- 6680245 TI - Physiognomic homogamy: a test of physical similarity as a factor in the mate selection process. PMID- 6680246 TI - Genetic implications of return migration. PMID- 6680247 TI - Minority type human mate preference. PMID- 6680248 TI - Social selection in human populations: deterministic analyses on the modification of the fitness of offspring by affected parents. PMID- 6680249 TI - Social class and height and weight in metropolitan Madras. PMID- 6680250 TI - Age of mother and pregnancy outcome in the 1981 Arkansas birth cohort. PMID- 6680251 TI - Race, height, and blood pressure in Northeastern Brazil. PMID- 6680252 TI - A note on the reduction of a risk of death. PMID- 6680253 TI - [Quantification of gastrin-producing cells (G cells) in chronic gastritis]. AB - The gastrin-producing G-cells of the antropyloric mucosa are affected by a variety of disorders. By immunoperoxidase methods, employing a specific anti gastrin I and II antibody, we demonstrated G cells in antropyloric biopsies of 15 patients with chronic gastritis, 6 of them with gastric ulcer and 1 with duodenal ulcer disease. As controls we studied 5 biopsies of histologically normal antropyloric mucosa. We correlated the numbers of G cells per gland with the histological, clinical and endoscopic findings. Normal antropyloric mucosa contained a mean of 2.11 G cells per gland. Patients with chronic gastritis had decreased numbers of G cells (mean 0.75) The difference was statistically significant. The cases with chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia had lower numbers of G cells (mean 0.38). The case with duodenal ulcer had a number of G cells similar of normal cases (1.57). This finding give a morphologic basis for the low gastrin serum levels usually present in these entities. PMID- 6680254 TI - [Chronic constipation. Clinical forms and therapeutic responses]. AB - Fifteen patients suffering from different types of constipation were studied by means of radiopaque markers in order to know: a) If there is a correlation between the clinical state and the physiopathological motor variables of idiopatic constipation. b) The efficacy of a compound that combines its bulk action to its stimulation of the intestinal wall. Based on the results it is concluded that: The methodology is not useful in order to differentiate the colon motor behaviours in idiopatic constipation if these differences really exist. The evacuative effect of the compound was easily and objectively demonstrated by the acceleration of the radiopaque markers along the right colon. There was a good correlation between the subjective assessment done by the physician, and the patient and the objective results. PMID- 6680255 TI - [Microflora of the upper part of the small bowel in healthy Peruvian subjects]. AB - In 20 healthy Peruvians aerobic cultures were done of upper small bowel contents, obtained following the method of the string capsule or Enterotest, and of faringeal material, obtained doing gargles with sterilized water. In 15 (75%) of the 20 subjects cultures of small bowel contents either were sterile (in 5 subjects, or 25% of the total) or revealed only diverse aerobic germs (in 10 subjects, or 50% of the total), the germs more frequently found being: negative coagulase staphylococcus albus (in 7 subjects, or 35% of the total), alpha hemolytic streptococcus (in 4 subjects, or 20% of the total) and Neisseria catarrhalis (in 4 subjects, or 20% of the total). In 5 (25%) of the 20 subjects, coliform bacteria were found in the upper small bowel (Klebsiella pneumonia in 2, and Escherichia coli in the remaining 3). Of those 5 subjects, only 2 (10% or the total of 20) had the microorganisms exclusively in the bowel, and in both the concentration of germs was 10(4)/ml. On the contrary, the 3 remaining subjects (15% of the total) had coliforms also in the pharynx; in 2 of the 3 subjects the concentration of germs found in the bowel was 10(3)/ml, and, in the remaining one, 10/ml; only one of the 3 subjects presented germs in the pharynx in a greater concentration than in the bowel, while another presented germs in the same concentration in both localizations, and the remaining one presented germs in the bowel in a concentration lower than in the pharynx.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6680256 TI - ABO blood groups, onset age of ulcer symptoms, family history of dyspepsia and complications in duodenal ulcer. AB - A series of 394 patients with duodenal ulcer was examined to determine the relationship of the blood groups with the age of onset of ulcer symptoms, with the family history of ulcer dyspepsia, and with ulcer complications. It was found that among patients whose symptoms began in the first four decades of life (Group I) there was a significantly larger proportion of blood group A, B, AB subjects and a significantly stronger family history of dyspepsia than among those whose symptoms began from the fifth decade of life (Group II). Group II had a significantly higher proportion of 0 subjects than both Group I and the control population. The mean onset age of patients with blood group 0 was significantly higher than the mean onset age of A, B, AB subjects. These results were uninfluenced by sex. Blood group A, B, AB patients had a significantly higher frequency of positive family history of dyspepsia over blood group 0 patients. The proportion of patients with blood group presenting gastrointestinal bleeding, acute perforation, severe pain, gastroduodenal stenosis or virulent ulcer (multiple, giant or post-bulbar ulcers) was no significantly higher than those blood groups A, B, AB. PMID- 6680257 TI - [Osteoarthropathies of inflammatory diseases of the colon]. AB - Fifteen patients suffering from inflamatory diseases of the colon (14 nonspecific ulcerous recto colitis and 1 Crohn disease) were complicated with involvement of large joints and spine (ankylosing spondelytis). The clinic, radiology, pathology, seriology and evolution of ankylosing spondylitis were considered in relation-ship with inflamatory disease of colon. PMID- 6680258 TI - [Choledochus and the postcholecystectomy syndrome]. PMID- 6680259 TI - [Immune response to the vaccine (Hepavax B) against the B virus]. AB - 40 volunteers were vaccinated with a vaccine against hepatitis B (Hepavex B). All vaccines were at high risk to develop hepatitis B. After the third dose 37 (92.5%) of the vaccines, developed antibodies (HBsAb). The group more exposed to the virus B developed antibodies earlier, after the first dose. It is especulated that the earlier response could be anamnestic, due to previous inaparent contact with B virus. There were not serius side effects due to the vaccination. PMID- 6680260 TI - [Catarrhal stomatitis of the gastric stump. Histological changes]. AB - The prospective investigation here presented tries to show the histologic changes produced in the endoscopic mucosal erythema zone of the gastric stump, which is the largest exposition and reactivity site to which the duodenal-biliary reflux damages. 56 clinically asynthomatic patients have been studied through directed biopsy. The observed results are: great prevailing of chronic gastritis and a high percentage of intestinal metaplasia which, in both cases are in close correlation with the age of the patient and not with his surgical age. There is not any relation either with age or intensity in the different degrees of dysplasia. We came to the conclusion that the erythema does not constitute by it self a histologic perfile different from the rest of the remaining gastric stump. PMID- 6680261 TI - Megacolon at high altitude. AB - Megacolon occurs frequently in high altitude areas. This report describes observations made in 60 cases seen in La Paz, Bolivia (3,600 meters above sea level). Motility of both the large and small bowel was found to be increased and the feces had a low pH. No histologic abnormalities were noted in the nervous plexus or smooth muscle. It is assumed that megacolon in these circumstances is acquired and not congenital. PMID- 6680262 TI - [Cholecystectomy and colorectal adenocarcinoma]. AB - The relative risk of developing colorectal cancer after cholecystectomy was investigated retrospectively in 124 patients with colorectal cancer, 17 patients of which had undergone previous cholecystectomy. Another 124 patients without colorectal cancer were matched for sex and age; 19 patients of which had undergone previous cholecystectomy. Disregarding sex and cancer location the relative risk was 0.87 with a 90% confidential interval from 0.43 to 1.73. On the other hand considering cancer location the relative risk of suffering right-sided hemicolon cancer was 7 with a 90% confidential interval from 1.12 to 155.46 (P less than 0.05). The hypothesis that cholecystectomy increases the risk of suffering right-sided hemicolon adenocarcinoma however requires further evaluation. PMID- 6680263 TI - [Blind biliary pouch syndrome (sump syndrome). Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations]. AB - One of the remote complications of choledochoduodenostomy is the formation of a biliary sack in the retroduodenal portion of the choledocho between anastomosis and the obstructed papilla. These results in the accumulation of gallstones and debris in the sack giving rise to pain, colics, infection, cholangitis and pancreatitis. Three cases are presented here: their main symptoms were pain and fever, without jaundice. The accurate diagnosis is carried out with E.R.C.P. which combines endoscopic visualization of anastomosis and papilla with probing and contrast injection in both of them. The definitive treatment was performed in two patients. One was treated surgically; the other using endoscopic papillotomy. The latter is recommended as the treatment of choice in the sump syndrome. PMID- 6680264 TI - [Alcoholic hepatitis in an internal medicine service]. AB - Twenty patients with alcoholic hepatitis are studied. It is remarked the low frequency of this disease in patients admitted to the Internal Medicine Ward. Jaundice forms were the most frequent. Clinical, humoral and histological characteristics are analyzed. World literature is reviewed bringing up-to- date this research. PMID- 6680265 TI - [Dysphagia lusoria. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - This report contains three cases of "disfagia lusoria" (right subclavy artery congenital anomaly). The patients are of different ages and they were diagnosed by X ray, arteriography and endoscopy. Surgical treatment was carried out in one of the patients due to the severity of the symptoms. PMID- 6680267 TI - [Physiopathogenesis of celiac disease . Abstracts]. PMID- 6680266 TI - [Clinical spectrum of amebic colitis]. AB - We present six cases to illustrate the protean clinical and sigmoidoscopic features of the amebic colitis. Three cases presented with a clinical picture resembling ulcerative colitis. In one fatal case, diverticular disease, ischemic colitis and toxic megacolon of uncertain origin were considered before arriving at the proper diagnosis. Two cases were believed to have pseudomembranous colitis on sigmoidoscopic examination. Given the multiple expressions of this entity, amebic colitis should be considered a diagnostic possibility in any protracted inflammatory condition of the colon. From the cases summarized here, it is evident that the clinical and endoscopic features of amebic colitis are variable and may often mimic other illnesses. PMID- 6680268 TI - The natural history and social ecology of addictive behaviors. PMID- 6680269 TI - Controlled opiate use: fact or artifact? AB - This paper is intended to counter the prevailing tendency to disregard or dismiss nonaddictive patterns of opiate use. Studies conducted during the 1970s pointed out the existence of large numbers of occasional opiate users, but left unresolved questions about how well controlled such use might be. Findings from research on long-term, moderate opiate users show that controlled use is possible and should be distinguished from compulsive/addictive opiate use. Several hypotheses which suggest that controlled use is an "artifact" are contradicted by the study findings. Some of the implications for future research on opiate use are discussed. PMID- 6680270 TI - Addictions paradigms III: From theory-research to practice and back. AB - Theorists and practitioners are separated by a gap that reflects an unnatural concern with their respective tasks. As a consequence, practitioners lack theories that are grounded in the best of practice, nor do they engage in practice that is guided by the kind of prescriptive theory from which it can benefit from systematic feedback. The reasons for this predicament can be traced to the structural and personal characteristics of the current knowledge generation, knowledge transfer, and knowledge utilization system. It is recommended that practitioners in the addictions rely more on their own resources in order to explicate the systems under which they practice in order to develop theories of practice. This includes the use of systematic observation, hypothesis testing, and evaluative research as major tools in the construction of prescriptive theories of practice in the addictions. PMID- 6680271 TI - Diagnosis in the addictions I: Conceptual problems. AB - A crisis of categories exists in the body of knowledge associated with the phenomenon of the addictions. This crisis is characterized by (a) the absence of an accepted paradigm for integrating the knowledge in the field; (b) the consequent paucity of facts; and (c) the lack of integration between research, theory and practice. The problem of diagnosis has been brought into focus by (a) the growth of empirical and theoretical knowledge in the field; (b) the emergence of new patterns of substance use; and (c) changes in socio-cultural values and attitudes. Specifically, the categorical concept of dependence has become confusing and unworkable. A recent attempt at reformulation of diagnostic terminology of the field by the World Health Organization is reviewed and two conceptual schemes for identifying, gathering, and ordering the clinical data necessary to support a multidimensional diagnosis of drug dependence and the specification of drug-related disabilities are examined. PMID- 6680272 TI - Causal factors in onset of adolescents' cigarette smoking: a prospective study of urban black youth. AB - This research is based on a two-wave panel study of 536 urban black adolescents. Six to eight years intervened between measuring the predictors and measurement of subsequent smoking initiation. Separate prediction models were tested for males and females, based on a multivariate causal model which spanned five domains of prior conditions: personal background, school achievement, family-peer orientations, psychogenic orientations, health attitudes and behaviors. Variables from all five domains influenced subsequent smoking but different predictors were implicated for adolescent males vs. females. This lends support to one of the major hypotheses in this research--that the salient experiences which governed the decision to start smoking were different for black males and females. Applying the same prediction model to cigarette smoking and to illicit drug involvement showed no overlap in prediction for males and but two of the same influences to be significantly implicated in females' illicit drug use and cigarette smoking. PMID- 6680273 TI - Clinical implications of models for recovery from alcoholism. AB - Various models of alcoholism are hotly championed and condemned by clinicians and theoreticians alike. Choice of model is important because it determines clinical thinking about the process of recovery from alcoholism. This paper conceptualizes the steps a patient must take to recover from alcoholism. It shows how three common models of alcoholism, the medical, the moral and the symptom, can be combined to visualize the separate tasks which must be carried out to recover from alcoholism. The distinct tasks are obscured because in clinical practice they are overlapping or simultaneous. PMID- 6680274 TI - Computer simulation of metabolism in palmitate-perfused rat heart. III. Sensitivity analysis. AB - The behavior of a computer model of metabolism in glucose- and palmitate-perfused rat hearts was interpreted by sensitivity analysis to explain why the heart preferentially utilizes fatty acids as fuel even in the presence of substantial exogenous glucose. The sensitivity functions identified those metabolites and enzymes which were most important in regulating the metabolic rate and determined which enzymes set the levels of the critical metabolites. Control of the mitochondrial redox potential and the distribution of coenzyme A thioesters regulated the rate of fatty acid utilization while strong inhibition of citrate synthetase resulted in accumulation of acetyl CoA and suppression of pyruvate oxidation. Glycolysis was limited by the cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio set largely by the creatine shuttle. Metabolic control appears to be widely distributed rather than localized at "key" enzymes. Metabolite levels are usually set by enzymes controlled by modifiers whereas metabolic flux is regulated by the enzymes that produce ligands for the modifier-controlled enzymes. PMID- 6680275 TI - Assessment of cerebrospinal fluid compliance and outflow resistance: analysis of steady-state response to sinusoidal input. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics have been studied in the past by analyses of responses to bolus, constant rate or constant pressure inputs. In this study, we present a method for analyzing CSF pressure responses to sinusoidal variation in the infusion rate. Infusion of artificial CSF into the cisterna magna of adult rats was modulated sinusoidally between 0 and 30 microliter/min. The resulting sinusoidal variation in intracranial pressure was recorded on a strip chart recorder simultaneously with the infusion rate signal. The two signals were analyzed for peak-to-peak variation, mean value, and phase shift for input frequencies in the range of 0.0015 to 0.01 HZ (0.00942 to 0.0628 radians/sec). The system was analyzed at each mean infusion rate as a parallel resistance and compliance with a first order linear model. The resistance to CSF outflow was determined as the change in mean steady-state pressure divided by the change in mean infusion rate. The compliance was then obtained from the frequency dependent phase shift between input and output using the first-order linear model. Resistance values were lower for higher average infusion rates consistent with our previous work, while compliance remained constant over the measured pressure range. PMID- 6680276 TI - Excitation of vascular muscles by norepinephrine. AB - The mechanism by which norepinephrine causes excitation of vascular muscle is a concept that has undergone considerable change in the last several years. Although the excitation step is absolutely fundamental to understanding constriction and dilation of arteries, several aspects of the hypothesis are not well understood and have recently been controversial. The earliest view of the excitation process was that action potentials propagate uniformly along the arterial wall, just as fast skeletal muscle, and was disproved early in recording of electrical events from blood vessel walls. The view that then emerged was that membrane potential acts as an analog signal controlling contraction through graded depolarization which, unlike that found in fast skeletal or cardiac muscle, could be maintained for minutes or even hours. This concept of graded depolarization and graded contraction has served as the best model of the vascular muscle excitation process for about 20 years. However, questions have been raised about the importance of membrane potential as a control mechanism because of reports of noncorrelations between membrane potential and tension. The controversy centers around two alternate proposals for the excitatory action of norepinephrine. The proposal of the noncorrelation group is that mechanisms other than membrane potential exert the major control over contraction, perhaps with spatially specialized receptors such that only those areas near nerve endings would cause depolarization as part of the event initiating contraction. On the other hand, the proposal by the strong correlation group would be that membrane potential is the dominant control mechanism. Where experiments have been carried out to specifically test the existence of a noncorrelation between membrane potential and contraction, no failure of correlation was found. The fundamental problem in each instance of a noncorrelation appears to be the attempt to record tension from one part of an artery and membrane potential from another part, which is assumed to behave as an electrically and mechanically homogeneous unit. However, direct measurements of localized areas of the blood vessel wall show such an assumption to be unjustified. In fact, cell-to-cell conduction of an electrical signal to synchronize the blood vessel could not be supported in experiments using refined intracellular and extracellular recording methods.+2 PMID- 6680277 TI - Ultrastructure, function and composition of smooth muscle. AB - Filamentous myosin is present in both relaxed (myosin light chains unphosphorylated) and contracted (light chains phosphorylated) vascular smooth muscle. The organization of myosin and actin filaments and the insertion of the latter on cytoplasmic and plasma membrane bound dense bodies is consistent with a mini sarcomere-like organization and a sliding filament mechanism of contraction in smooth muscle. Mitochondria are high capacity, low affinity Ca stores in smooth muscle. They do not play a role in the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ at physiological levels. The localization and Ca content of the junctional sarcoplasmatic reticulum (SR) is consistent with this organelle being the major intracellular source of activator Ca released by excitatory transmitters. Repeated contractions in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ (thought to represent recycling of intracellular activator Ca2+) can be demonstrated if the excitatory agent is not allowed to remain in contact with the smooth muscle throughout relaxation.; the demonstration of "recycling" is facilitated if the efflux of cellular Ca2+ is blocked. The rise in total cytoplasmic calcium measured with electron probe analysis during a maintained (30 min) contracture in rabbit portal anterior mesenteric vein smooth muscle (approximately 0.9 mol/kg dry cytoplasm) is greater than the amount of Ca that could be bound to calmodulin. PMID- 6680278 TI - Membrane transport in vascular smooth muscle and its relation to normal and altered excitation during hypertension. AB - Evidence is presented for the operation of Cl-Cl exchange diffusional transport system in rat aortic smooth muscle. The efflux of 36Cl associated with this mechanism is doubled in rats made hypertensive with aldosterone-salt treatment. The residual efflux of Cl is similarly elevated in the hypertensives. This finding supports the hypothesis that increased membrane permeability to Cl is associated with aldosterone hypertension. The agonist-induced increases in aortic effluxes of 42K exhibit a 10-fold reduction in the ED50 to norepinephrine in aldosterone hypertensive rats. The possible contributors to this supersensitivity were studied by means of a pharmacologic analysis of the action of competitive (phentolamine) and non-competitive (dibenamine) antagonism of norepinephrine induced increases in 42K efflux. The dissociation constant for phentolamine, KB= 1 x 10-8M, was relatively unaltered in the hypertensive group, as was the dissociation constant for norepinephrine, KA= 3.4 - 5.8 x 10-7M. A substantial increase in receptor number and/or transduction efficiency (3-12 fold) was derived from the analysis. It is tentatively concluded that supersensitivity to norepinephrine during aldosterone hypertension may be more closely related to changes in receptor number and/or efficiency than in receptor affinity. PMID- 6680279 TI - [Anatomo-clinical and immunologic features of the so-called benign lymphoepithelial Godwin's lesion of the salivary glands]. PMID- 6680280 TI - [Juvenile malignant neuroectodermal tumors of the lung]. PMID- 6680281 TI - [A malignant insular pancreatic neoplasm associated with hypercalcemia]. PMID- 6680282 TI - [Rare association of cystic dysplasia of the kidney and pancreas with congenital hepatic fibrosis]. PMID- 6680283 TI - [Castleman's lymphoma: a case with retroperitoneal location]. PMID- 6680284 TI - [Neonatal herpetic hepatitis with an unfortunate outcome. Histologic and ultrastructural findings and anatomo-clinical considerations]. PMID- 6680285 TI - [The thyroid as the organ of metastatic neoplasms]. PMID- 6680286 TI - [Rare case of gonadoblastoma, in mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Unusual morphologic aspects]. PMID- 6680287 TI - [Rare localization of thyroid carcinoma on the remnants of the thyroglossal duct]. PMID- 6680288 TI - [Role of the microenvironment in determining the typology of pulmonary carcinoma]. PMID- 6680289 TI - [Ectopic thymic cysts of the anterior mediastinum]. PMID- 6680290 TI - [Anatomo-clinical considerations on 2 cases of hibernoma]. PMID- 6680291 TI - [Nasal glioma (anatomo-clinical considerations apropos of 2 personal cases)]. PMID- 6680292 TI - [Esophageal leiomyoma: presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 6680293 TI - [So-called eosinophilic cholecystitis]. PMID- 6680294 TI - [Preliminary results of the clinical use of TPA (tissue polypeptide antigen)]. PMID- 6680295 TI - [TPA (tissue polypeptide antigen). Considerations on its normal values]. PMID- 6680296 TI - [A case report of prolonged hemolytic anemia in an infant due to a partial exchange transfusion]. AB - An infant at the age of one month was admitted to hospital due to anaemia and icterus. Premature delivery was induced because of Rh immunisation. Newborn's grave condition permitted only one "blood volume" exchange transfusion and as a consequence prolonged haemolytic anaemia occurred. At the age of one month anti Rh-D antibody persisted in the infant circulation with the titre 1:16 in an indirect antiglobulin method. PMID- 6680297 TI - [Levels of serum complement and immunocomplexes in HBs antigen positive blood donors]. AB - Blood donors who were tested twice at interval from 6 to 8 months, were HBs-Ag positive both times. The biochemical parameters for the evaluation of liver function were within normal limits. The significantly decreased values of total haemolytic activity of complement-CH50 (0,001) and Clq (0,005) and increased level of Cl Inh (0,005) point ot the activation of the complement system (Table 2, 3). The level of Cl Inh statistically significantly and positively correlates with the values of C4, C5 and with C3A, what means that it participates in the process of activation regulation (Table 5). Using the method of precipitation by means of 0,3 g/l PEG we have registered in 92% of HBs-Ag positive blood donors elevated concentrations of immune complexes and in all PEG precipitates HBs-Ag (Table 6). These findings point to the need of clinical investigation and treatment of those persons. PMID- 6680298 TI - [Interaction of the parasitic antigen cytolipin P with erythrocyte factor P1]. AB - Glycolipid compounds causing agglutination of erythrocytes in vitro and the appearance of the anti-P-antibodies in vivo have been named P antigens. The P denotes blood group factor P, being the antigen belonging to multiple allelomorphs in the P system. Their structure has been shown to be of glycosphingolipid nature differing in number and character from carbohydrate components. It has been established that at infestations by parasites the titre of the anti-P-antibodies increases, and hydatid fluid from the cysts of Echinococcus granulosus, as well as certain tissue extracts of some helminths inhibit agglutination of the P1-erythrocytes by anti-P1--antisera. We have isolated the very polar glycolipid complex from hydatid fluid of the cysts of Echinococcus granulosus and from the tissue homogenates of some parasite helminths. We have named it as cytolipin P, designating by P its parasitic origin. The complex is immunologically active and induces cellular and humoral immune response. Having taken into account the nature of cytolipin P we investigated its biological relation to blood group P-factor. Equine, sheep and human p1-erythrocytes agglutinate the cytolipin P when the concentration of it reaches 75--100 mg%. The inhibition of agglutination was achieved by four sequential doses inducing haemagglutination with anti-P-sera when used as standards, and with human anti-P1-sera of the patients exhibiting echinococcal and ascardial positive human and animal sera. Inhibition was reached two times quicker with anticytolipin-P-sera. It would appear that in the organisms invaded by parasites the cytolipin P represents that antigenic structure which provokes the organism to produce the polyclonal anti-P-antibodies. PMID- 6680299 TI - [The effect of long-term plasmapheresis on the composition of blood. III. Changes in the concentration of total, direct and indirect bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, serum transaminases (SGOT, SGPT). total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol]. AB - In the group of blood donors submitted to the long term plasmapheresis with the weekly withdrawal of 370--670 ml of plasma, the concentrations of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate (GOT) and alanine (GPT) transaminases, total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol were not significantly changed (P greater than 0,05). The mean concentration of total lipids in plasma donors were close to the upper normal limit, while the concentrations of triglycerides slightly increased simultaneously with the increase of the number of plasmapheresis. The mean concentrations of indirect bilirubin significantly decreased (P less than 0,05) and the concentrations of indirect bilirubin increased (P less than 0,05), but because they do not differ significantly from the concentrations of the control group, these changes are of no clinical importance. PMID- 6680300 TI - [Cardiotoxic effect of anthracycline antibiotics]. AB - Anthracycline antibiotic (Rubidomycin and Adriamycin) are often used for treatment of acute leukemia and variety of solid tumors. The use of greater doses of these agents is mostly limited by the damage of the cardiac muscle and by heart failure. The Rubidomycin cardiac toxicity analysis of children with acute leukemia has been considered in this paper. The results were obtained by investigating 53 patients who received this drug. They were classified in subgroups in relation to the total dose administered. Acute or chronic myocardial damage appeared in 6 children. The subgroup incidence of damage is directly proportional to the total dose administered. PMID- 6680301 TI - [Hairy cell leukemia. Personal experience with 11 cases]. AB - Clinical and morphologic characteristics of hairy cell leukemia at 11 patients have been analyzed. The frequency of this disorder is 2.5% from all leukemias. This disorder is often retrospectively diagnosed--at 7 cases from our study. the disorder is often retrospectively diagnosed--older age (78%). Splenomegaly is the main clinical manifestation, at all 11 patients. Pancytopenia is frequent finding but at 4 patients the leucocyte count was over 10 X 10(9)/1 in the beginning. Hairy cells, although not always with typical appearance, in 90% of the cases are found in peripheral blood over 10%. Bone marrow biopsy cytological and hystological findings at 9 patients were typical for diagnosis. Fibrosis was present in 6 specimens. At 7 patients diagnosis was confirmed with histological examinations of lymphocyte concentrates from peripheral blood on thin and ultrathin sections, as well as with electron microscopy characteristic appearance of hairy cells. Pneumonia as complication was registered in 24 occasions, gastro intestinal infections at 9, haemorrhagic syndrome at 4 and skin carcinoma at 2 cases. Treatment was variable--2 patients were observed for more than 50 months, 2 were splenectomised, of which one with complete remission longer than a year, while from 8 treated with COP protocol, complete remission was obtained in 5 (62%) patients, and two treated with CHOP protocol entered complete remission for longer than 12 months. Average survival is 51 months (2--144). Three (28%) patients died. PMID- 6680302 TI - [Ubiquitous and rare blood group related antigens and their significance in serology]. AB - The present classification of some factors which are counted among the ubiquitary private and familiar as well as the rare and rarest antigens is shown. The classification of these antigens is often difficult. The distinguishing and systematisation of rare and rarest antigens requires of the investigator much consistency, responsibility and consideration as well as universal calmness so as not to bring too much confusion into an already broad palete of private and familiar antigens. Some antigens are frequently rearranged into already existing systems or even become independent. The authors boldly point out the variants of the ABO and Rh systems in which we meet with some ever so rare antigens, but which, as we know, are nevertheless not counted among the rare, in the sense of present comprehension. The practical value is pointed out and the need of improving our knowledge of ubiquitary, rare, familiar and private antigens in order to be able to master certain complications which these antigens would provoke in serology. In difficulties it is necessary to consult an experienced specialist in a well organised laboratory which possesses several different and reliable serums, the erythrocyte tests and a lot of experience. PMID- 6680303 TI - [Immunoneutropenia]. AB - A patient with two episodes of acute agranulocytosis was described. Recovery was followed by an unusually slow increase in the number of peripheral blood granulocytes in spite of the presence of granulocyte precursors in the bone marrow. High level of circulating immune complexes as well as an increased number of immunoglobulins on the surface of granulocyte membrane was demonstrated throughout the course of the disease. When the level of CIC and the number of Ig NG decreased and attained normal values, the number of granulocytes increased rapidly. The possibility that immune complexes were responsible for this neutropenia was suggested. PMID- 6680304 TI - [A mechanism of human complement activation by immunostimulators from the bacterial cell wall]. AB - Effects on the human complement system of the cell wall preparations: lipopolysaccharides and polysaccharides of E. coli, Salmonella typhi (pyrogenal, salmosan), Bact. prodigiosum (prodigiosan) and peptidoglycan of Lactobacillus bulgaricus (blastolysin) have been studied. Lipopolysaccharide of E. coli, pyrogenal and salmosan were found to bind efficiently the first complement factor C1q. The constants for inhibition of the C1q binding to antibodies by the mentioned preparations were determined, and their ability to initiate the classical pathway of complement activation (consumption of C4, C2 and C3 factors) was assayed. These preparations only slightly affect the alternative pathway. Prodigiosan, not influencing the classical pathway, initiates the alternative one. Its binding constant with the activated Bb factor was determined. This constant reflects the Bb association with C3b and is (2,4 +/- 0,1) x 10(7) mole-1 l. Blastolysin is effective both in the C1q binding and initiation of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Immunostimulating activity of the bacterial cell wall preparations seems to involve activation of the complement system and the release of the fragments from the complement factors which are mediators of the immune response. PMID- 6680305 TI - [Semisynthetic cerebrosides]. AB - Psychosine prepared from bovine brain cerebroside was used for synthesis of galactosphingolipids with DL-, D-, or L-2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acids and 6-(2' anthroyl) hexanoic acid. Psychosine was N-acetyl with p-nitrophenyl 2 acetoxyhexadecanoates in the presence of hydroxybenzotriazole to give cerebrosides. The 6-(2'-anthroyl)hexanoic acid reaction with psychosine was effected via its acyl chloride. PMID- 6680306 TI - [The effect of phospholipid metabolites on the structure of model membranes]. AB - The influence of 1,2-diacylglycerols on the structure of model membranes made of phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylinositol mixtures was studied by 31P NMR and freeze-fracture technique. It was shown that 1,2-diacylglycerols (1,2-dipalmitoyl rac-glycerol, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-rac-glycerol, 1,2-dioleoyl-rac-glycerol and also naturally occurring 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols) induced in the lipid bilayer markedly curved regions with concomitant formation of the folds and intramembrane particles. This process is accompanied by the appearance of isotropic signals in the 31P NMR spectra. PMID- 6680307 TI - [Theoretical study of a structure-activity relationship of cardiotonic steroids]. AB - The calculations have been performed to determine conformations and assess electronic structure of 44 compounds with known cardiotonic activity. Atoms O(3), C(13) and C(18) of all conformations were superimposed on the same atoms of digitoxigenin, and the relationship between the spatial disposition of the side chain carbonyl oxygen and biological activity of the respective compounds was examined. The most active cardiotonics are shown to share very similar topography. B- or A-conformations are active for cardenolides or bufadienolides, respectively. Some correlations between the structure and cardiotonic activity were disclosed. The principles for cardiotonic drug design are formulated and some formulas of new potentially active compounds are suggested. PMID- 6680308 TI - [The role of thyroglobulin carbohydrates in its hormone-liberating function. Proteolysis of deglycosylated thyroglobulin]. AB - The proteolysis of thyroglobulin was performed after partial cleavage of its carbohydrate moiety. It was demonstrated that enzymatic removal of some thyroglobulin sialic acids results in increasing its resistance to proteolysis. Apparently, sialic acids are essential for maintaining an optimal thyroglobulin conformation for the action of proteases at hormonal biosynthesis from the reserve form. PMID- 6680309 TI - Antigen binding with chromatin of immunocompetent cells. AB - Binding of [125I] IgG to chromatin of spleen cells was studied in vivo, in vitro and to isolated chromatin. In vivo, maximal saturation of chromatin occurred 1 day after immunization (1.3 X 10(12) molecules per spleen, 10(8) cells). At the same level the antigen bound to chromatin in vitro. Binding of [125I] IgG with isolated chromatin was dependent on antigen concentration. PMID- 6680310 TI - Changes of non-histone protein fractions during embryonic development of chicken liver. AB - Electrophoretic profiles of [3H] tryptophan labelled non-histone chromatin protein fractions of liver were studied during the embryonic development of chicken. In embryonic chicken liver a characteristic of non-histone chromatin protein fraction K (molecular weight 18 000) was synthesized. The synthesis of this fraction changed quantitatively during various days of chicken development. The greatest changes of non-histone chromatin proteins were observed on the 21st day of development (day of hatch), when besides the synthesis of a group of low molecular weight proteins (fractions J,K,L,M) the synthesis of fractions of non histone proteins of high molecular weight was also higher than on other days. Significantly, a high molecular weight fraction, not analyzable in 7.5% PAGE, was present only in the early days (7th-12th) of our investigations. PMID- 6680311 TI - Changes of non-histone chromatin protein fractions during fetal development of rat liver. AB - In fetal and adult rat liver synthesis of [3H] tryptophan labelled non-histone chromatin proteins was low. At birth, synthesis of non-histone chromatin proteins dramatically increased, especially fractions of high molecular weight. The role of these fractions appearing only at the first day of life (after parturition) is not clear. PMID- 6680312 TI - Modification of the technique of chromosome studies in mammalian oocytes. AB - A technique for chromosome study in mouse metaphase II oocytes is presented. The main features are: 1. combined application of hypotonic solution (1.12% sodium citrate) and colchicine 100 micrograms/ml at 37 degrees C for 45-60 min, 2. simultaneous transfer of many or all the oocytes from the hypotonic solution on a slide, 3. mild fixation (methanol: acetic acid: water 5:1:4) for 30 sec. then proper fixation (methanol: acetic acid 3:1), both on the slide, 4. avoiding cooling of oocytes below 22-24 degrees C (room temperature). The technique prevents loss of chromosomes and fragments of oocytes during fixation. The transfer of all oocytes simultaneously on the slide and finding of large stained oocytes are easier in comparison to other techniques. Dispersion of chromosomes within oocytes is suitable for chromosome studies in about 50% of oocytes. PMID- 6680313 TI - Method for an increase of the number of anaphases in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells in mouse. AB - A method causing an increase of the number of anaphases of animal cells in vivo, suitable for mutagenicity testing, is presented. The Ehrlich ascites cells transplanted in mice were used as test cells. The increase of the number of anaphases (8-23/1000) was obtained by: 1. transplantation of the ascites tumour on 5th or more days of tumour growth from the 1st to the 2nd mouse; 2. by incubation of ascites tumour cells in the peritoneal cavity of the 2nd mouse; by incubation of ascites tumour cells in the peritoneal cavity of the 2nd mouse for 4 h. The percentage of abnormal anaphases of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells not treated with mutagen was 3.19 +/- 3.1. The increase of the number of anaphases was the result of an increase of mitotic index after transplantation of ascites tumour cells to a new host at the time of the decline of cell proliferation. PMID- 6680314 TI - The modification of Morton's complex segregation analysis. AB - Morton's model of a complex segregation analysis was modified by introducing the new meaning for penetrance. It was assumed that the parameter t specifies the penetrance of gene G instead of genotype GG. This approach leads to the construction of new theoretical risks of a disease which seem to us more reliable than those of Morton's. PMID- 6680315 TI - Empiric recurrence risk for neural tube defects (NTD) in Krakow region. AB - A sample of 347 families in the Krakow region of Southern Poland with at least one child with anencephaly and/or myelomeningocele or encephalomeningocele were ascertained by multiple selection. The birth prevalence of neural tube defects in this population was 75/80, 584 (0.93/1000). The risk of affected individuals among the probands' sibs was 3.3% (+/- 1.6), about 38 times the population prevalence at birth. The empiric risk was higher for female than for male sibs of the proband. Also, the probability of occurrence was higher for sibs of male probands. The differences were nonsignificant. The heritability calculated on the regression of siblings on propositi was 76% (+/- 7). PMID- 6680317 TI - Acceptance of prenatal diagnosis in families referred for genetic counseling. AB - Procreative attitudes and acceptance of prenatal diagnosis were analysed in 567 families which received information about prenatal diagnosis. This group was selected from 1914 families referred for genetic counseling. Obstetric data following birth of the index case, results of amniocenteses performed and changes of attitudes in these families are presented. PMID- 6680316 TI - Early detection of inborn errors of metabolism in Poland. AB - A screening programme for early detection of inborn errors of metabolism in Polish newborn population has been evaluated. Guthrie bacterial inhibition assay for amino-acidopathies, Beutler and Baluda test for galactosemia, meconium test and ion-selective chloride electrode for cystic fibrosis, radioimmunological test for congenital hypothyroidism, and multidirectional urine screening test are described and the results discussed. PMID- 6680318 TI - An additional case of 9p syndrome. AB - A new case of 9p- syndrome is presented in a 18 months old girl with typical clinical features of the syndrome: marked delay in psychomotor development, muscle hypotonia, trigonocephaly, up-slanting palpebral fissures, short nose with anteverted nostrils, long philtrum, low-set and hypoplastic auricles and others. Using G- and R- banding, the break point was found on the typical place of the chromosome 9-p22 band. The presented case confirms the earlier finding that clinical recognition of the syndrome is of great importance, since small deletions of the short arm of chromosome 9 can be easily overlooked. PMID- 6680319 TI - Comparison of two pharmacokinetic methods for individualizing phenytoin dosage. PMID- 6680320 TI - [The microflora of materials for parenteral use]. PMID- 6680321 TI - [A study of "nettling" substances. II. Colorimetric determination]. PMID- 6680322 TI - [Quantitative simultaneous determination with HPLC of clofibrate and pyridinolcarbamate]. PMID- 6680323 TI - [Photosensitivity of aqueous solutions of methotrexate and ascorbic acid]. PMID- 6680324 TI - Spasmolytic activity of some 4-methylumbelliferone derivatives. PMID- 6680325 TI - Serum Apo B levels in hepatocellular failure. PMID- 6680327 TI - Platelet aggregation before and after hemodialysis in chronic renal insufficiency. PMID- 6680326 TI - A study on the clinical usefulness of tissue polypeptide antigen in various blood diseases. PMID- 6680328 TI - Changes in plasma levels of protease inhibitors to the degree of metastasis and prognosis of gastric cancer. PMID- 6680329 TI - A study on the pathogenesis of dysequilibrium in chronic alcoholics. PMID- 6680330 TI - A new surgical technique for isolating the hepatic venous circulation: preliminary report. PMID- 6680331 TI - Revascularization of the cavernous body in vasculogenic sexual male impotence with a new microsurgical technique. PMID- 6680332 TI - Occupational lung disease due to dusts of vegetable origin. PMID- 6680333 TI - Antibiotic policy. PMID- 6680334 TI - Age at menarche in three districts in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6680335 TI - Family planning performance at a major hospital in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6680337 TI - A case of Ebstein anomaly. PMID- 6680336 TI - Symptomatic strongyloidiasis in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6680338 TI - A case of asbestos associated disease in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6680339 TI - Enterobius vermicularis in an ectopic site--perianal abscess. PMID- 6680340 TI - [Effect of gastrectomy on edematous pancreatitis in the mouse treated with cimetidine]. PMID- 6680341 TI - [Treatment of the residual pancreatic stump with tissue adhesives]. PMID- 6680342 TI - [Abdominal lesions associated with splenic injury: prognostic significance]. PMID- 6680343 TI - [Therapeutic indications and surgical choices in spondylolisthesis]. PMID- 6680344 TI - [Bloodless therapy of amyelic vertebral fractures]. PMID- 6680345 TI - [Effect of sulpiride on the secretion of prolactin and somatotropic hormone in premenopausal women affected by fibrocystic mastopathy]. PMID- 6680346 TI - [Morphologic, histological and ultrastructural aspects of spontaneous tendon ruptures in hemodialyzed patients]. PMID- 6680347 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the digestive tract in the most common experimental animals. II. The jejunum, ileum and large intestine]. PMID- 6680348 TI - [Carcinosarcoma of the bladder: histopathological data]. PMID- 6680349 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the digestive tract in the most common experimental animals. I. The esophagus, stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 6680350 TI - [Evoked potentials in the rabbit amygdala following its partial deafferentation]. AB - The EPs in the rabbit Amygdala were recorded after chronic (5 weeks) deafferentation following section of stria terminalis, commissura anterior and the ipsilateral frontal lobe cortex. Stimulation of the bulbar olfactory regions caused some facilitation of the EPs in non-olfactory nucleus of amygdala. Following ventromedial hypothalamic stimulation, the EPs remained unchanged in the caudal parts, diminished in the rostral parts of basolateral amygdala and disappeared in the medial nucleus of amygdala. PMID- 6680351 TI - [Metabolism of 22Na in the rat corpus callosum]. AB - The kinetic parameters of 22Na+ exchange were measured with improved compartmental analysis in slices of rat corpus callosum. Three distinct Na compartments were found: 45, 38 and 15% of the total Na+, having T1/2 for efflux 7.3; 43.5 and 119 s, resp. Transmembrane Na flux was 2.4 M/g/hr. The obtained kinetic parameters were compared to those in neocortex and hippocampus. PMID- 6680352 TI - [Central noradrenergic regulation of cerebral blood flow]. AB - In acute experiments in anesthetized cats after upper cervical sympathectomy, the influence of locus coeruleus stimulation on carotid blood supply of the brain and the local cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the parietal region were studied. The stimulation increased both the arterial pressure and the local cortical blood flow. If the arterial pressure was stabilized with pressostate, the stimulation decreased the cerebral blood supply and increased the local CBF after a 2-sec latency. This suggests that the intracerebral noradrenergic system performs the direct neurogenic control of cerebrovascular tone. The influence of this system differs in different regions of the cerebral vascular bed. PMID- 6680353 TI - [Interaction of the heart ventricles in intact dogs on the 3rd to 5th day of high altitude adaptation]. AB - Cardiac output studied on the 3rd-5th days of adaptation to 3200 m altitude in dogs born at the 760 m and 1800 m altitudes revealed that the adaptation led to the right ventricle hyperfunction in former group of dogs whereas in the latter group of dogs it was followed by the left ventricle hyperfunction with higher end diastolic pressure in both ventricles, at that. It seems that when the balance of the ventricles is mechanically disturbed, hyperfunction of one heart's part leads to dysfunction of the opposite part. PMID- 6680354 TI - [Lymph flow from the lungs in conditions of normal capillary permeability]. AB - The source of the lung lymph formation was studied in 8 experiments on dogs and in 30 experiments on isolated lungs. The former revealed the effect of bronchial vessels ligature upon the lung lymph outflow, the latter series aided to trace the lymph flow in perfusion of the lung artery's vessels and bronchial vessels. The section of bronchial vessels decreased by 4-6 times the lymph outflow. No lymph outflow was observed in perfusion of isolated lungs whereas in perfusion of bronchial vessels the lymph flow was directly related to the pressure level in the bronchial vessels. These vessels are concluded to be of the primary importance for the lung lymph formation. PMID- 6680355 TI - [Effect of an increase in blood osmotic pressure on the lymphodynamics of growing animals]. AB - Experiments in puppies 1 day to 3 months old demonstrated that an increase in blood osmotic pressure produced lymph flow deviations (modified in their turn by changes in respiration) in neonatal animals. An increased lymph flow, a reduced arterial pressure and the antidiuretic response become obvious at the 2-3-month age resembling the reactions found in adult dogs. The lymphatic system of growing animals makes an important contribution to the regulation of osmotic balance through compensation for the functional immaturity of kidneys. PMID- 6680357 TI - [Effect of stimulation parameters on cardiac assimilation of the excitation rhythm of the vagus nerve]. PMID- 6680356 TI - [Physiological mechanisms for maintaining the body's energy requirements during reduced blood hemoglobin levels]. AB - Energy expenditure and O2 consumption, the tidal volume of cardiac output (Q) and the respiration (VE), the arterio-venous difference in O2 content, the arterial and venous blood gases, and the survival of animals in graded decrease of the hemoglobin concentration in the vascular bed (hemodilution) were studied in anesthetized Wistar rats as well as the values of oxygen available in the brain tissue. The animals were shown to maintain the initial level of energy expenditure by means of the Q increase up to reducing the hemoglobin concentration from 16.2 g/dl to 4.9 g/dl (hematocrit 12.9%). The elements of oxygen insufficiency, however, as measured by the Q and VE responses as well as by changes in oxygen available in mixed venous blood and in brain tissue, become evident yet in early stages of the hemodilution. PMID- 6680358 TI - [Changes in the microcirculation in the rat mesentery during hyperoxia]. PMID- 6680359 TI - [Vascular component of the reflex reaction to an increase in the amplitude of pulsatile perfusion pressure]. PMID- 6680360 TI - [Dynamics of the gastric emptying function in dogs after bilateral truncal vagotomy]. PMID- 6680361 TI - [Construction of thermodes for cooling portions of the cerebral cortex in chronic experiments]. PMID- 6680362 TI - [Device for delineating isoelectric points and calculating the rate of changes in slow bioelectric processes]. PMID- 6680363 TI - [Electromanometer using a Soviet commercial pressure transducer]. PMID- 6680364 TI - Computer wizardry in food services. PMID- 6680365 TI - Coping with constraints: employee relations. Part 2. PMID- 6680366 TI - Human resource planning at Toronto's Baycrest Centre. PMID- 6680367 TI - Personnel audits: conducting an attitude survey. AB - A personnel audit is a management information tool which also fulfills a control need in health care organizations. If an audit is going to be effective, it should at least do the following: identify and quantify the costs and benefits associated with all programs and services offered by the personnel department to the rest of your organization; and document and communicate these costs and benefits in a clear, consistent and logical manner to top management for their use in decision-making. PMID- 6680368 TI - Japanese management: seven "S" framework. PMID- 6680369 TI - Continuing education--meeting therapists' needs. PMID- 6680370 TI - Measuring workload--a nursing WISH. PMID- 6680371 TI - NMR imaging--its role in medicine. PMID- 6680372 TI - Public relations: getting organized. PMID- 6680374 TI - [Monitoring of laborers previously exposed to aromatic amines, in accordance with Circulars No. 46 of 12/6/1979 and No. 61 of 4/6/1981 of the Ministry of Labor]. AB - The present report deal, a year after its beginning, with the results of a programme for health control regarding 592 ex-employees of Societa Bergamasca Industrie Chimiche. Azo dyes were obtained from benzidine and beta-naphthylamine in this factory from 1947 to 1968. The report analyses the organizing difficulties and the troubles which caused a scarce performance of the programme at different levels: the subjects interested in the control, the Commission responsible for the district, the doctors in charge, the laboratories, the hospital division. In the end some proposals are advanced referring to the provision of the ministerial circular letter no 46, dated june 12, 1979, about the medical control of workers who leave the hazardous working job. PMID- 6680373 TI - [Endoscopy findings in gastroduodenal pathology in a group of welders]. AB - Fourteen welders were examined with the purpose to evaluate the incidence and the type of pathologic changes of the gastrointestinal tract due to the exposure to welding fumes. The medical examination was followed by endoscopic and bioptic study of gastric and duodenal mucosa. The results show the presence of pathologic changes, mainly of flogistic type, in all the microscopic investigations, although the appearance of the mucosa was generally normal. Moreover, the results of this investigation suggest that pathologic changes of gastrointestinal tract could precede those of the respiratory tract. PMID- 6680375 TI - [Hepatic lesions caused by industrial chemical substances. New perspectives on research]. AB - Many industrial chemicals can be able to interfere with metabolic systems and to damage biological cycle of the cell. However the increasing use of MAC and TLV in occupational toxicology, has greatly reduced the incidence of acute effects; but the problem rose of chronic damage, toxic or carcinogenic, due to a long exposure to chemicals in low doses. The comprehension of functional and anatomical changes occupping in the liver can be of great help in investigation of pathogenetic mechanisms of such effects. PMID- 6680376 TI - Correlation between weight of hemoglobin and body composition in healthy young men. PMID- 6680377 TI - Individual differences in response of the cardiovascular system to standard exercise and parameters of water-electrolyte balance. PMID- 6680378 TI - Muscular working capacity in boys aged 13-14 years. PMID- 6680379 TI - Effect of physical training under isometric conditions on cardiovascular responses. PMID- 6680380 TI - Quality of heart rate control and powers of adaptation during physical work. PMID- 6680382 TI - Autonomic regulation of the central hemodynamics in active orthostasis. PMID- 6680381 TI - State of the sympathoadrenal system during exercise of short duration and maximal intensity. PMID- 6680383 TI - Effect of muscular exercise on gastric and pancreatic secretory function. PMID- 6680384 TI - Changes in functional state and subjective sensations during heat adaptation. PMID- 6680385 TI - Interaction of external and internal coordinate systems during orientation of the upper limb relative to various targets. PMID- 6680386 TI - Correlation between characteristics of voluntary control of EEG rhythms with parameters of operant activity. PMID- 6680387 TI - Quantification of the role of spatial frequencies of patterns in visual recognition of numbers. PMID- 6680388 TI - Simple motor reaction time and respiration. II. Effect of involuntary breath holding. PMID- 6680389 TI - Contrast sensitivity measurement: testing tables, techniques. PMID- 6680390 TI - PHA and PPD skin responses in cancer patients. PMID- 6680391 TI - Biliary carcinoma: an analysis of 209 personal cases. PMID- 6680392 TI - Pleural mesotheliomas. PMID- 6680393 TI - Intra-vascular coagulation and fibrinolysis in breast cancer. PMID- 6680394 TI - Metronidazole as a radio sensitizer--phase I study. PMID- 6680395 TI - [Anaerobic infections in operative medicine]. AB - Compared with other medical disciplines, anaerobic infections play an especially important role in operative medicine. In odontogenic soft tissue infections of the orofacial area, in intraabdominal suppurative processes and in post partum, post abortum or postoperative gynecological infections, anaerobic pathogens are almost inevitably encountered. Furthermore, even in times of peace exogenous or endogenous toxic clostridial infections do not occur so rarely that they should be excluded from considerations concerning differential diagnosis. Because of the substantial malignancy of some of these infections, because of considerable variation in the species composition of anaerobic infections at different body sites and because of the peculiar antibiotic sensitivity pattern of certain anaerobes, diseases caused by anaerobic pathogens deserve special diagnostic and therapeutic attention. The reliable recognition of the anaerobic etiology of inflammatory lesions is usually only possible when microscopic or cultural bacteriological examinations are performed. As complete bacteriological analyses may be comparatively time-consuming, the clinician's requirements for planning the appropriate treatment are met best when he is informed of the tentative diagnosis of an anaerobic infection as soon as possible. This may often be achieved by microscopic or gaschromatographic techniques within less than two hours. The treatment of "surgical anaerobic infections" usually consists of operative measures combined with antibacterial chemotherapy. Only in selected cases, incision and drainage will suffice to cure a localized anaerobic suppuration. As a rule, additional application of antibacterial drugs is necessary or at least advisable in order to reliably prevent relapses or systemic spread. Appropriate chemotherapeutics are selected according to the pathogens that are individually present or may be expected with some probability. Diseases due to Gram-positive, non-spore-forming anaerobes, fusobacteria and Bacteroides species of the melaninogenicus group are comparatively easy to treat as these organisms are usually susceptible to penicillins including benzylpenicillin in sufficiently high doses. Against beta-lactamase-producing intestinal Bacteroides species such as B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron, lincomycins and nitroimidazoles have proved to be highly effective. Infections caused by these Bacteroidaceae may also respond to treatment with mezlocillin, cefoxitin, lamoxactam and possibly aminopenicillins combined with clavulanic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6680396 TI - [Anaerobic infections in internal medicine]. AB - Virtually all anaerobic infections arise endogenously. Underlying conditions often associated with anaerobic infections are diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid therapy, leukopenia, immunosuppression, vascular disease, tissue anoxia and aerobic infection. Various enzymes and other materials produced by the anaerobes act as virulence factors. There is an impressive incidence of anaerobic bacteria in infections involving the lung and pleural space, in liver abscesses, biliary tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infections and bacteremia. Location of infection, previous therapy with aminoglycoside antibiotics and other clues suggest that a given patient may have an anaerobic infection. Whenever possible, a specimen should be obtained by needle and syringe to avoid normal flora. Specimens must be transported to the laboratory under anaerobic conditions. Therapy involves the use of antimicrobials, preferably drugs with a high activity against beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides spp. PMID- 6680397 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS)]. PMID- 6680398 TI - [Structure and mode of action of bacterial toxins]. AB - This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms by which bacterial exotoxins damage cells of the host organism. The principles of cellular attack are schematically described using typical representants of the various toxin groups as examples. Attention is drawn to structural and functional analogies existing among the toxins, and to related phenomena of cell damage by bacterioicins and the mammalian complement system. The development of immunotoxins illustrates the potential importance of basic research in toxinology and immunology to modern medicine. PMID- 6680399 TI - [Serologic demonstration of antibodies against Campylobacter jejuni/coli in man]. AB - Antibody response to Campylobacter jejuni/coli infections in man was studied by microagglutination assay against homologues organisms isolated from patients and by complement fixation test against a commercially available group-specific antigen of C. jejuni/coli. Titers of agglutinating antibodies raise within 1-2 weeks post infectionem (p.i.) to an extent of about 320 (reciprocal titer) and persist about 3-4 months. CF-antibody titers raise only to about 40 but they persist for a long time. Because of the low titers in the CF-test and because of a missing seroconversion the CF-test is not suitable for the diagnosis of an acute infection. On the other hand the persisting CF-antibodies allow the diagnosis of reactive arthritis caused by C. jejuni/coli, particularly if the causative bacteria could not be cultivated. PMID- 6680400 TI - [Antistreptolysin determination without destruction of lipoproteins--a technical error]. PMID- 6680401 TI - [Naturally acquired tetanus antitoxin in the serum of children and adults in Mali]. AB - Among 48 adults without a history of tetanus immunization, we found with the aid of indirect hemagglutination test 20 individuals with protective tetanus antibody titers, 23 with low levels of antitoxin (under 0,1 I.U./ml) and 5 devoid of tetanus antitoxin. In two blood samples of 99 unvaccinated children under 3 years of age (taken at 7 months intervall) 12,1% showed tetanus antitoxin in the first serum sample and 16,2% in the second sample. Protective antibody titers could be found only in 4 children in each of the first and second serum sample. The data suggest a silent oral immunization by tetanus bacilli thus boosting under unhygienic conditions the tetanus immunity with advancing age. PMID- 6680403 TI - View from the Nation's Capital. PMID- 6680402 TI - [Titer variations in the rheumatoid factor reaction during the menstrual cycle. A contribution on the problem of the value of serologic data]. AB - Sixteen healthy women showed a high variability of their titres in the antistreptolysin reaction, in the antideoxyribonuclease B reaction and in three different tests for determination of the rheumatoid factor during their cycles of menstruation. Two men of the same age had a similar behavoir. Therefore serologic results may be difficult to interpret. PMID- 6680405 TI - View from the Nation's Capital. Investigational new drug (IND) and new drug application (NDA). PMID- 6680404 TI - NDA rewrite: here at last. PMID- 6680406 TI - View from the Nation's Courts. Treatment of a known sex deviate. PMID- 6680407 TI - View from the Nation's Capital. PMID- 6680408 TI - View from the Nation's Courts. PMID- 6680409 TI - View from the Nation's Capital. New drug application (NDA) and investigational new drug (IND) regulations. PMID- 6680411 TI - Morphological effects of reserpine on adrenocortical cells of chickens. PMID- 6680410 TI - [Urogenital fistulas]. PMID- 6680412 TI - [Polypoid processes of the colon and rectum]. AB - Endoscopic polypectomy of polyps in the colon and rectum has solved a diagnostic problem which has been present for decades in regard to assess the dignity of polyps. It is not yet possible to judge if the methods used up to now for early diagnosis and prophylaxis of carcinoma by polypectomy have influenced the prognosis of carcinoma of the colon and rectum. After an early phase of optimism the problem has to be assessed now more critically. Criticism does not mean scepticism but does mean to refrain from inadequate enthusiasm. PMID- 6680413 TI - [Pathologic anatomy of polypoid processes of the colon and rectum]. AB - Among the different polypous lesions the adenoma does have special importance because of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. A carcinoma of the colon should be diagnosed only when atypical epithelial formations can be found infiltrating the submucosa. The diagnosis of different stages of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence can definitely be established only by histological investigation of the polyp, which has been taken out completely. Endoscopic polypectomy has today a definite place in therapy of colorectal carcinoma, if selection criteria are strict, histological technique perfect, and postoperative follow-up regularly. PMID- 6680414 TI - [Colorectal biopsy in inflammatory intestinal diseases]. AB - Meticulous attention to the techniques of taking and processing both rectal and colonic biopsies is emphasised because this makes interpretation easier for the pathologist and more productive of useful information. The biopsy appearances of ulcerative colitis are described and distinguished from those seen in Crohn's disease and the various types of infective colitis. Comparison of sequential biopsies gives valuable information about the histology of the different phases of the disease in response to treatment. The criteria are described for distinguishing between active colitis, resolving colitis and ulcerative colitis in remission. Reference is also made to the development of epithelial dysplasia in patients with longstanding disease. The histological criteria for the diagnosis of Crohn's disease and the various types of infective colitis are summarised. Attention is drawn to the important condition known as "the solitary ulcer syndrome of the rectum" because this is a common condition not widely recognised by pathologists. Disorders of the mesenteric circulation can produce mucosal changes in the colon or rectum which mimick inflammatory bowel disease. The biopsy appearances are distinctive and can be distinguished from other causes of colitis. The increasing use of fibreoptic endoscopic biopsy is providing pathologists with a valuable opportunity to contribute to the differential diagnosis of colorectal disease. PMID- 6680415 TI - [Progressive muscular dystrophy in childhood: differential diagnosis and prevention strategy]. PMID- 6680416 TI - [Use of a genetic consultation service]. PMID- 6680417 TI - [Clinical heterogeneity of hereditary coproporphyria: diagnostic usefulness of biochemical studies. Study of a familial case]. PMID- 6680418 TI - [Non-immunologic hydrops fetalis and genetic counseling]. PMID- 6680419 TI - [Acardia: description of a new case]. PMID- 6680420 TI - [Tuberous sclerosis. Case report of a family]. PMID- 6680421 TI - [A case of fetal testicular regression syndrome with the absence of mullerian and wolffian structures and the presence of female external genitalia]. PMID- 6680422 TI - [X-linked familial pituitary nanism]. PMID- 6680423 TI - [Transcervical specimen of chorionic villi in the 1st trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 6680424 TI - [Culture of amniotic fluid cells in a semisynthetic medium (Chang medium)]. PMID- 6680425 TI - [SEM morphology of rapidly adhering amniotic fluid cells of fetuses with neural tube defects]. PMID- 6680426 TI - [Surveillance of constitutional chromosome abnormalities in western Emilia]. PMID- 6680427 TI - [Reciprocal and Robertsonian translocations in a population selected for suspected chromosome anomalies]. PMID- 6680428 TI - [Phenotype anomalies in subjects with balanced chromosome translocation. Presentation of 4 cases]. PMID- 6680429 TI - [Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7 and its clinical correlations]. PMID- 6680430 TI - [Description of a case of ring chromosome 21 and pericentric inversion of Y chromosome]. PMID- 6680431 TI - [Comparative auxological findings in monosomy X]. PMID- 6680432 TI - [2 cases of dicentric Y chromosome]. PMID- 6680434 TI - [Early separation of centromeres in a patient with multiple skeletal dysmorphism]. PMID- 6680435 TI - [Heritable fragile sites on human chromosomes: characterization of a new BrdU dependent site in 12q24]. PMID- 6680433 TI - [Effects of oxidants and antioxidants on chromosome breaks in Fanconi's anemia]. PMID- 6680436 TI - [Mental retardation and fragile site Xq27-28: 2 affected brothers and their mother within the framework of chromosome instability]. PMID- 6680437 TI - [Symptom and deficiency: the unceasing dialog of the sign and the symptom]. PMID- 6680438 TI - [The symptom as evidence, lack of evidence, the evidence as symptom]. PMID- 6680439 TI - [The voice: a stake in rehabilitation in the rehabilitation game, in the therapeutic me]. PMID- 6680440 TI - [Hearing, listening, speaking]. PMID- 6680442 TI - [Syntactic and semantic elements of sign language]. PMID- 6680441 TI - [The act of speaking, from vocalization to verbalization]. PMID- 6680443 TI - [Sign language. Role of the speech therapist in a bilingual situation]. PMID- 6680444 TI - [Education and bilingualism]. PMID- 6680445 TI - [The functional exploration of phonation: acoustic assessment of the voice]. PMID- 6680446 TI - [Laryngeal stroboscopy]. PMID- 6680447 TI - [The use of whole body plethysmography in phoniatry]. PMID- 6680449 TI - [19th Chilean Congress of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. Santiago de Chile, 1-4 December 1982. Abstracts of presentations]. PMID- 6680448 TI - [Clinical value of Solacy in childhood rhinopharyngitis. Study using the double blind method with a placebo and a microscopic examination of the rhinopharyngeal mucosa]. PMID- 6680450 TI - [Inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic airflow limitation]. PMID- 6680451 TI - [Esophageal scintigraphy in the evaluation of motor disorders of the esophagus]. PMID- 6680452 TI - [Non-invasive evaluation of ventricular function in aortic insufficiency]. PMID- 6680453 TI - [Incidence of biliary lithiasis in Chile]. PMID- 6680454 TI - [Bacterial meningitis in the child: experience in 441 cases]. PMID- 6680455 TI - [Disseminated histoplasmosis with ultrastructural examination of the fungus]. PMID- 6680456 TI - [Research in surgery and the necessity for performing controlled, prospective, random clinical trials]. PMID- 6680457 TI - [Preparation of the colon using total intestinal irrigation]. PMID- 6680458 TI - [Pleural biopsy with a Cope needle: experience in a regional hospital]. PMID- 6680459 TI - [Medical schools and health care programs in Chile]. PMID- 6680461 TI - [Ethics and the Regional College of Santiago of the Medical College of Chile]. PMID- 6680460 TI - [Short-term treatment of tuberculosis with and without pyrazinamide in the second phase (TA-80)]. PMID- 6680462 TI - [Salmonella typhi: incidence in coproculture and microbiologic aspects]. PMID- 6680463 TI - [Presence of Salmonellas and Shigellas in a school population]. PMID- 6680464 TI - [Comparative epidemiologic study of tuberculosis in Spain and Valencia (development of morbidity in the lung and mortality in the respiratory form as a whole)]. PMID- 6680465 TI - [Analysis of artificial colorants in candies for children]. PMID- 6680467 TI - [Health indicators as basic information for health planning. Bases for instituting a health statistics system]. PMID- 6680466 TI - [Diagnosis of primary German measles and reinfection in pregnant women]. PMID- 6680468 TI - [Microbiological bases for establishing the shelf life of vacuum-packed sausages]. PMID- 6680469 TI - [Mutagenic activity of pesticides]. PMID- 6680470 TI - [Trends in mortality due to ischemic cardiopathy in relation to 3 principal risk factors (hypertension, tobacco dependence and diet)]. PMID- 6680471 TI - [The teaching of school medicine to students of university schools majoring in basic general education: analysis of its situation in Spain; conceptual and pedagogical aspects]. PMID- 6680472 TI - [Various aspects of environmental health]. PMID- 6680473 TI - [Microbiological quality of frozen Pleuronectiformes fish]. PMID- 6680474 TI - [Parasites in feces from a student population]. PMID- 6680475 TI - Epidemiological problems in diabetes mellitus. AB - It is generally accepted that etiology of diabetes mellitus is heterogeneous and term "diabetes mellitus" becomes too oldfashioned and vague to apply for the disease. A new term "hyperglycemosis" which involves all states of chronic blood glucose elevation irrespective of etiology, is proposed and tentative etiological classification of hyperglycemosis is shown. The provalence of diabetes mellitus has increased remarkably in Japan as well as other countries and the factors influencing on this increase are concluded as following: an increase in body mass index probably due to reduction of physical exercise and relative excess of energy intake, an increase of elder population and an accumulation of diabetic patients due to an improvement of prognosis of the disease. The phenomenon observed in Japan is thought to be a model in rapidly modernizing countries. Etiological classification was made in 10272 diabetic autopsy cases collected from Annual Reports of Pathological Autopsy Cases 1958-1980 and the result showed 85.9% of the cases was classified as idiopathic and 14. 1% was classified as other types of WHO classification. This study showed a difficulty to discriminate idiopathic diabetes mellitus in field studies and a reasonability to use an expression of hyperglycemosis instead of diabetes mellitus. Death of diabetic coma has decreased and death of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial infarction, have increased. As frequency of the chronic complications is different according to the quality of the population and also to the examination methods, consideration for these points is important in planning of the study. The modern machine civilization has caused an increase of diabetic population and in the long history of the evolution of mankind, this increase is understood as a dysadaptation of the human body to excess food intake, less physical exercise and other diabetogenic environmental factors. The epidemiological study of diabetes will give a guide line of ideal life style of human being and contribute to sound prosperity of human society. PMID- 6680476 TI - Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus. International symposium, Sendai City, 20-21 August 1982. PMID- 6680477 TI - A 10-year follow-up study of per oral glucose tolerance at annual physical examinations. AB - In order to elucidate the factors influencing glucose intolerance. 100 g oral glucose tolerance tests serially performed at annual physical examinations over a 10-year period were studied. On the initial examination in 356 subjects, 44.8% were normal and 7.1% diabetic according to the criteria of 100 g OGTT recommended by the Japan Diabetes Society in 1970. For the 10-year follow-up study, the subjects were classified into 2 groups, 30s and 40s, by age at initial examination. The prevalence of obesity in the 30s group the at the 10th year was significantly higher than that of the 40s at the baseline (p less than 0.05). The rate of normal OGTT in the 30s group at the 10th year was significantly lower than that in the 40s group at the baseline (p less than 0.01). When compared with 119 age- and sex-matched employees of a certain bank, the incidence of diabetic OGTT was identical, but obesity was less prevalent in the 40s group from SONY. These results indicate that obesity increases the rate of glucose intolerance in subjects under 40 years of age, but in subjects aged 41 years and over diabetic predisposition appears to play an important role. PMID- 6680478 TI - A 10 year follow-up of diabetes in a rural area of Japan using the 50 g oral glucose tolerance test. AB - We performed a 10 year follow-up study on diabetics using the 50 g oral glucose tolerance test in a rural area of Japan. In untreated borderline diabetics, high or normal insulin responders became normal for glucose tolerance 10 years later. However, low insulin responders became overt diabetics or remained borderline diabetics. Therefore, insulinogenic index was considered to be one of the most valuable indexes in the prospective investigation of untreated borderline diabetics. PMID- 6680479 TI - Epidemiological study of diabetes mellitus in the Hiroshima area-prevalence of diabetes mellitus and follow-up studies using the glucose tolerance test 5-19 years after initial testing. AB - Tests for diabetes mellitus have been performed annually since 1963 on about 100,000 A-bomb survivors living in Hiroshima. We report here on the trends over the 19 years leading up to 1981 for the glycosuria positive rate, the 75 g GTT results of positive cases and the findings of the 5-19 year follow-up. The glycosuria positive rate was 3-4 times higher in males. During the period of 1963 1979, the positive rate increased annually in both sexes, reaching 2.6 and 3.0 times the male-female values for 1963, but subsequently levelling off. When Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 25, 24.9% of the sample was diabetic (including those under treatment), 26.0% had Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and 49.1% were normal, whereas when BMI greater than or equal to 25, the rates were significantly higher being 45.0%, 27.4% and 27.6% respectively (p less than 0.001). Frequency increased with BMI, reaching 75.0% at BMI 33.3). Results of the 5-19 year follow-up showed the annual diabetes onset rate by the person year method in those with BMI less than 25 at initial GTT to be 1.72% among 848 normals, while it was a significantly higher 4.82% in those suffering from IGT. For those with BMI greater than or equal to 25, the rates were 3.77% among 161 normals and 7.93% among 132 IGT cases. PMID- 6680480 TI - Studies on the classification of diabetes mellitus diagnosed before the age of 30 in Japan. AB - Since 1976, 551 patients with diabetes discovered before the age of 30 have been treated in the Diabetes Center of Tokyo Women's Medical College. Among them, 198 were classified as insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), 237 as non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM), 12 were unclassified, and four were classified as other types. In patients with IDDM, the number of males was lower than that of females, 80 and 118 respectively. The number of patients discovered with NIDDM over the age of 25 was much higher in males than in females. To study the influence of family history, 148 probands were selected from the 551 diabetics according to age at onset of diabetes (under 20 years old) and present age (between 20 and 40 years old). At the interview, the number of first-degree relatives and the number of diabetics among them were recorded. Six out of 75 probands (8%) with IDDM had positive family histories for NIDDM and two of the 75 (3%) had positive family histories for IDDM, although 39 out of 73 probands (53%) with NIDDM had positive family histories for NIDDM alone. There was only a slight difference in the course of retinopathy between patients with IDDM and NIDDM. PMID- 6680481 TI - Type II diabetes mellitus in Seattle and Tokyo. PMID- 6680482 TI - The significance of certain epidemiological variants in the genesis of juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus--the need for a global program of co operation. AB - Published data from literature show a two-to four-fold increase in the incidence of JIDDM, in the Western hemisphere over the past decade (5% to 10-20%). WHO Expert Committee Technical Report Series No. 646 (1980) gives the risk of development of diabetes in the first two decades of life, in the sub-populations of Europe and North America, as 0.1% to 0.3%. In Japan, it is stated to be less than 0.02%; in Tamil Nadu, India, we have calculated the risk to be less than 0.01%. The incidence of JIDDM amongst diabetics in urban Southern India has remained low and static in the last decade; 0.8% and 0.84% in 1973 and 1981 respectively. This is so, despite the fact that infant and perinatal mortality rates over the past two decades have registered a sharp decline in our area. Childhood diabetes and its complications have not shown an uptrend in hospital admissions or infant mortality analysis. It is speculative that our ethnic group is lacks the genetic factor, Bf F1 (which is strongly linked with HLA B18 and IDDM) and the increased association of S1. It remains to be elucidated whether the increased susceptibility to JIDDM of Caucasian children may be associated with a genetic factor or some other exogenous factor, Such as a nutritional factor or virus infection. A plea is made to exchange groups of diabetic children and study the "behavior" of their diabetes under different environments. PMID- 6680483 TI - The epidemiology of childhood diabetes mellitus in Tokyo metropolitan area. AB - Prevalence and incidence of IDDM and NIDDM in children in the Tokyo Metropolitan area were estimated using data obtained from a hospital population study, a school population study, urine glucose screening and also from the central registry. The calculated prevalence of diabetes from the data of the central registry in Tokyo was 4 or 6 per 100,000 children. The number of schoolchildren with IDDM was estimated to be about 20 from the data of the school population study performed in a population of about 220,000, giving a prevalence rate of approximately 9.1 per 100,000 schoolchildren. From the data of our hospital population study, the overall annual incidence of IDDM was approximately 3.3 per 100,000 population. It is apparent that the incidence and prevalence of IDDM in Japan are significantly lower than in the United States and European countries. PMID- 6680484 TI - Epidemiologic survey of juvenile-onset insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Hokkaido, Japan, 1973-1981. AB - An epidemiological survey of juvenile-onset insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (0-15 years) was performed in Hokkaido, Japan, during 1973-1981. The mean annual incidence during the nine year period was 1.26 per 100,000 and showed a significant increasing trend. The prevalence of IDDM at the ages of 0-15 and 6-15 were 7.7 and 11.7 per 100,000 respectively. These figures were much lower than those previously reported in Caucasians. Peaks in incidence were seen from February to April, and a reduction in incidence from July to September. The females showed a bimodal distribution with the peak incidence at 10 to 12 years and with a smaller peak at about 7 years. The males showed a broad single peak at about 10 to 13 years. PMID- 6680485 TI - Remission phase in childhood diabetes--an investigation of summer campers in Japan. AB - There are various reports on the remission phase related to insulin response, C peptide response, demand for exogenous insulin, and incidence and duration of remission etc. Recently, the incidence of remission was reported to be 60% in Europe and America, but these data applied to partial and complete remission. In Japan, we have no generally accepted definition of complete and/or partial remission. In order to investigate remission in childhood diabetes, we sent questionnaires to the consulting doctors of 19 local summer camps for Japanese diabetic children in 1981. In this study, the incidence of complete remission was 4.5% in boys and 2.7% in girls. The incidence of remission including partial remission was 19.6%. The age of remission varied from 2 to 17 years. The mean period between diagnosis and the start of remission was 4.4 months. The mean duration of remission was 16.5 months in boys and 10. 1 months in girls, and the maximum duration was 55 months. The main factor leading to remission was strict control of diabetes with insulin immediately following the onset of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6680486 TI - Plasma glucose distributions in two pacific populations: the bimodality phenomenon. AB - The frequency distribution of plasma glucose concentrations in certain populations show two distinct sub-groups, viz. the non-diabetic group and a hyperglycaemic group. The two groups show up as a double peak (bimodality) in the best-fit frequency distributions of log plasma glucose, and the separation or cut off point where the two curves intersect, gives an indication of the plasma glucose level at which diabetes could be diagnosed. Venous plasma glucose concentrations two hours after a 75 gm oral glucose load were determined in the Micronesian population of Nauru and the urban Polynesian population of Western Samoa, in subjects aged 20 years and over. Both communities exhibit bimodal frequency distributions of plasma glucose in the upper age groups in both sexes. In the younger age groups the frequency distribution of plasma glucose typically follows the usual unimodal Gaussian curve. However, the high prevalence Nauruans show the bimodal form in all groups except the youngest males. The data show that among these two communities, as with the Pimas, the frequency distribution of plasma glucose concentrations can be used to separate the population into normal and hyperglycaemic groups. PMID- 6680487 TI - Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in a referral hospital in a tropical developing country. PMID- 6680488 TI - Classification and diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6680489 TI - Diabetes detection survey in a rural and a semiurban community in Bangladesh. PMID- 6680490 TI - Diabetes mellitus in an urban population in Jakarta, Indonesia. AB - The prevalence of diabetes in an urban population in Koja Utara subdistrict of Jakarta is 1.63%. The prevalence of diabetes increases with age. The tendency toward bimodality in the 55-64 age group of our study lends support to the usefulness of the WHO criteria 1980. There is no difference between the sexes. Male to female ratio was 1.2:1. There is a higher prevalence of diabetes among the obese, and the obese and overweight comprise 65.9% of diabetics. Obesity seems to be an important risk factor in the development of diabetes. There was a higher prevalence of diabetes in the high socio-economic level group than in the low one. The group of Chinese origin showed a higher prevalence of diabetes than the other groups. A positive family history of diabetes was found in 27% of our diabetic patients. Dietary recall analysis revealed no significant difference in the percentage of carbohydrate, protein, fat, or in the percentage of refined carbohydrate. However, total caloric intake was significantly higher in the high socio-economic-diabetic group. Total caloric intake seemed to be more important than quantitative dietary factors. PMID- 6680491 TI - Prevalence of diabetes mellitus detected by 75 g GTT in Tokyo. AB - Oral glucose tolerance test (75 g GTT) was performed on 5,172 subjects who received physical checkups at Daiichi Survey Center from April 1981 to March 1982 and the Prevalence of diabetes in Tokyo was studied using the new diagnostic criteria of WHO (1980). The diabetic test was obtained in 3.6% of the subjects over 30 years old. Diabetic retinopathy was found in 4.3% of the diabetic cases. The prevalence of diabetes increased with fasting blood glucose (FBG) and it was considered to be adequate to set the screening point for diabetes mellitus by FBG at 100 mg/dl. 50 g GTT and 75 g were performed in 10,456 cases and 11,925 cases, respectively, and mean 1-hour and 2-hour values were compared by FBG levels. The results show that 2-hour values in 50 g GTT which correspond those of 120 mg/dl and 180 mg/dl in 75 g GTT may be 105 mg/dl and 150 mg/dl, respectively. However it is not reasonable to make the conversion by adding a certain value, because the differences varies markedly with each case. PMID- 6680492 TI - Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a rural area of Japan: by 75 g OGTT. AB - Tests for DM using the 75 g OGTT method (NDDG diagnostic criteria) were performed on 3145 persons living in rural areas of 8 different geographical regions of Japan (from Tohoku to Kyushu regions). Considerable regional difference was observed with western Japan tending to have higher DM and IGT rates than eastern Japan. The DM and IGT prevalence rates (for rural areas in Japan) were 3.9% and 6.9% respectively, and the DM detection rate was 2.8%. Comparison between normals and disturbance of glucose tolerance group (DM and IGT) on the basis of risk factors for atherosclerotic angiopathy showed that those with abnormal findings were definitely more numerous in the disturbance of glucose tolerance group. PMID- 6680493 TI - Studies on 75 g oral glucose tolerance in the inhabitants of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. AB - The authors assessed the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) according to the 1980 National Diabetes Data Group (1980 NDDG) classification and diagnosis. Two hundred and sixty inhabitants [aged 50.9 +/- 9.6 years, male: female (M:F) = 90: 170] of five small rural towns in Kumamoto Prefecture (population 1.8 million) and 279 male members of western divisions of the Japanese Ground Self Defence Forces (SDF employees) living in Kumamoto, who had retired at the age 50 years were subjected to the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75 g OGTT) in association with routine clinical and laboratory examinations. In addition, the results of 50 g OGTT obtained in 1243 SDF members (aged 50 years, male) from 1977 to 1980 were included in this study, after their blood glucose concentrations were converted to those of 75 g OGTT according to the 1982 recommendations of the Japan Diabetic Society. The overall prevalence of DM was 2.7%, IGT 17%. Out of the 10 subjects found to have DM in the inhabitants of the 5 rural towns, 6 (M:F = 3:3) were 60 years of age or over and half of them were aware of their diabetes mellitus. None of the 8 cases of DM discovered among the SDF employees examined in 1981-1982 had any signs or symptoms of DM, whereas 3 were hypertensive, 2 were markedly obese and 4 were hypertriglyceridemic. PMID- 6680494 TI - Glucose intolerance in an employed population. AB - Differences in glucose intolerance within various occupational groups, i.e. laborers, clerks, and managers, and the related environmental factors were studied in ca. 9000 male workers of a certain factory. Age-and weight-adjusted prevalence rates of glucose intolerance were 3.2% in the laborers, 5.8% in the clerks, and 9.3% in the managers. In the managers, the total intake of calories was excessive for the amount of exercise expended; food intake was relatively low in complex carbohydrates and high in animal fats. The clerks were characterized by a high sugar intake. The low prevalence of glucose intolerance in the laborers was ascribed to the greater amount of exercise. Assigned work hours, however, probably affected the prevalence of diabetes in the laborers, which was 2.1% in subjects who worked all three shifts, but 0.9% in subjects working only day shifts. Thirty laborers from all 3 shifts consented to give urine specimens during their working time (8 hr), after the same amount of food and exercise in all of them. Urinary excretion of HGH and VMA during the midnight shift was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that during the day shift although urinary 170HCS was significantly low (p less than 0.01) at midnight. There were no significant changes in urinary CPR excretion between day and night shifts. These data indicate the importance of environmental factors, such as exercise, nutrition and stress, in glucose intolerance. PMID- 6680495 TI - A community study of diabetes in a population with a high diabetes mortality rate. AB - Among the 47 prefectures of Japan, the prefecture of Shiga stands out due to its remarkably high death rate from diabetes, especially in female diabetics. In an attempt to clarify the causes, a diabetes detection study was carried out in the inhabitants aged 40 or over of five communities. The prevalence rate of diabetes was 1.7%; male 2.5% and female 1.3%. However, the study could include only 14% of the inhabitants (3253 out of 23,249 inhabitants). In a community named Aito, where the diabetic death rate was the highest among communities of the prefecture and the study covered 95% of the 1849 inhabitants, the prevalence of diabetes was 3.0% in males and 1.2% in females (2.2% in total). Obesity, hypertension and ischemic change in electrocardiogram were more frequent in female diabetics than in male diabetics in this community. These results suggest that the high death rate from diabetes in the female population is not caused by a high prevalence rate of diabetes and female diabetics may be affected by several risk factors which influence their prognosis more often than that of male diabetics. PMID- 6680496 TI - Thyroid abnormalities in diabetes mellitus. AB - We studied the incidence of goiters and that of thyroid antibodies in 278 patients with diabetes mellitus, in whom six subjects with primary hypothyroidism were excluded, and measured their serum TSH concentrations. The incidence of goiters was 31.8%, and was higher in females than in males. The incidence of goiters in diabetics under the age of 40 was higher than that in subjects more than 40 years old, and the incidence of microsome antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies were found to be 18.5% and 1.8%, respectively, in these two groups. The percentage of microsome antibodies was lower in diabetics between the ages of 40 and 60 than in diabetics under the age of 40 or over the age of 60. The incidence of goiters and microsome antibodies was not related to the treatment of diabetes mellitus. There was a significantly positive correlation between serum TSH concentration and age in diabetics with serum TSH levels less than 5 microU/ml. As a result, although the incidence of goiters in diabetics was found to decrease with age, the incidence of thyroid antibodies and serum TSH levels were found to increase. These findings suggest that it might be possible to observe atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis, sometimes resulting in subclinical hypothyroidism, in aged diabetics. PMID- 6680497 TI - Comparative studies on immunological characteristics of IDDM among Asian populations. AB - Very little information is available related to possible differences in immunological characteristics of IDDM among Asian populations, though it has been reported that IDDM is associated with Bw54-DR4 and B17-DR3 in Japanese and Chinese, respectively. There is virtually no report related to comparative studies on Bf-DM association among Asian populations, while Bf-DM association is reported to be stronger than HLA-DM association in Caucasians. In the present paper, the results of our studies on anti-thyroid antibodies (ATA) of IDDM in Japanese, Chinese and Filipinos are presented. In Japanese, the incidence of ATA positive was higher in IDDM with a duration of less than one year (35.7%) than that in the patients with a duration of one year or more (12.5%). But, there was no such a duration dependent decrease in the incidences of ATA among Chinese or Filipino IDDM. The frequency of BfSS in Filipinos is lower than in Japanese or Chinese. However, no association was found between Bf phenotypes and IDDM in Asian populations. These results indicate that autoimmunity is transient in Japanese IDDM, but persistent in Chinese and Filipinos, and that it is too early to postulate in general that Bf-IDDM association in general populations is stronger than HLA-IDDM association. PMID- 6680499 TI - Blood groups and diabetes mellitus: a possible tool in the analysis of the hereditary background of diabetes mellitus. AB - Blood groups ABO, MN, P1, Lewis and KIDD, were examined in 64 adult and 53 child diabetics. Patients were classified into 4 groups, NIDDM (n = 30), Insulin less than 20 U (n = 13) and Insulin greater than or equal to 20 U (n = 21) in adults and IDDM in children (n = 53). ABO blood group was found to have some association with Insulin greater than or equal to 20 U and IDDM. P1(+) was significantly rarer in the Insulin greater than or equal to 20 U group in adults, while this difference was not observed in IDDM in children. MN, Lewis and KIDD blood groups did not show any association with diabetes mellitus in our study. Further studies are needed to clarify the association of blood groups with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6680498 TI - Standardization of methods in the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus. AB - While considerable advances have been made in devising standardized methods for epidemiologic studies, it is only recently the standardized methods for use in diabetes epidemiology have been seriously considered. It is hoped that the present paper will provoke further attention to these matters and result in further discussions of areas where it appears possible to reach a consensus. Research into the performance of certain of the methods mentioned is urgently needed, and it is hoped that epidemiologists interested in diabetes will take up this challenge to prove or disapprove that some of the recommendations and suggestions made in this paper are useful and worthwhile. PMID- 6680500 TI - Diabetes mellitus in Prince Edward island. PMID- 6680501 TI - High fat diet and death rate of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6680502 TI - A comparison between the sciences of epidemiology and statistics based on an examination of epidemiological or statistical studies on diabetes in Japan. AB - The authors selected 24 original papers which were regarded them as the epidemiological study and the statistical study from their titles, from the end of World War II to 1981. And these papers were selected from 3 medical journals of internal medicine, other medical journals and proceedings of 2 International Conferences (see Table 1), and also were the object of study, namely, theoretical considerations. Besides we classified these 24 papers into 2 sorts; papers for an epidemiological study and a statistical study, and made a comparative study of details of these papers theoretically. As the result we were able to clarify what the authors of 24 papers had considered about the natures of epidemiology and statistics as the science. It was clarified that two sciences, epidemiology and statistics, had been in the general trend without any recognition of the differences between two. And as the conclusion we pointed out that the field of activity of statistics was broader than that of epidemiology, and the nature of statistics as the science might be changeable according to the object, moreover, statistical theory might be a branch of mathematics and so on. PMID- 6680503 TI - Natural history of diabetic microangiopathies. PMID- 6680505 TI - Clinical arrangement of classification of diabetic retinopathy. AB - A new classification for diabetic retinopathy was presented and modified from Scott's classification which was most commonly used in Japan. Diabetic retinopathy was divided into benign and malignant retinopathy, and the former was named type A and the latter type B. Type A included background retinopathy and the interrupted stage of proliferative retinopathy. Background retinopathy was divided into two groups (AI, and AII). Interrupted proliferative retinopathy was also divided into three groups (AIII, IV, and V). Type B included preproliferative retinopathy, advanced proliferative retinopathy and the final stage of proliferative retinopathy. Preproliferative retinopathy was labeled Stage BI and advanced proliferative retinopathy was divided into two groups (BII and BIII). The final stage of proliferative diabetic retinopathy was divided into three stages (BIV, BV and VI). This new classification also presents the therapeutic method to be employed at each stage of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6680504 TI - Factors related to diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 6680508 TI - Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and distribution of its severity among patients of a university clinic of diabetes in Osaka. AB - We have been following longitudinal changes of diabetic retinopathy by periodic fundoscopy in patients at our out-patient clinic for diabetes mellitus. In this study, we reviewed the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and the distribution of its severities. Funduscopic examinations for retinopathy were performed on 242 patients. They ranged in age from 13 to 84 years (52.9 +/- 0.9, mean +/- s.e.). Duration of diabetes ranged from 1 to 31 years (10.7 +/- 0.4). Forty patients were treated with diet alone, 112 with oral hypoglycemic agents and 90 with insulin administration. No retinopathy was found in 83 patients (34%), background retinopathy in 113 (47%), preproliferative retinopathy in 24 (10%) and proliferative retinopathy in 17 (7%). Five patients (2%) were blind. Twenty-seven patients (60%) of 45 with a less than 5-year duration of diabetes were apparently without retinopathy, while the incidence of proliferative retinopathy increased in proportion to the duration. Fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were higher in the patients with proliferative retinopathy than in any other group. All of the blind patients had a long history of untreated diabetes. Whether diabetic control assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin influences the progression of retinopathy could not be demonstrated by a 2-year observation. Further analysis based on a longer duration is needed in this respect. PMID- 6680506 TI - Analysis of risk factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy. AB - Assumed risk factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy were examined in 401 diabetic patients who had visited our clinic at regular intervals over 5 years. These subjects showed no funduscopic abnormalities at their first visit, whereas 114 out of 401 cases (28.4%) developed retinopathy within 5 years while 287 cases (71.6%) remained unaffected. 110 cases each were selected both from the affected and unaffected groups, matching in sex, age at onset and duration, and the frequencies of various risk factors were compared. In the affected and unaffected groups, the mean maximal body weight indexes were 125. 5 +/- 19.6% and 123.5 +/- 20.1%, respectively, but the number of subjects with excessive obesity (greater than or equal to 130%) was greater in the former than in the latter (p less than 0.05, chi 2-test). The number of patients with poor blood glucose control was greater in the former while that with good control was greater in the latter (p less than 0.05, chi 2-test). No differences were observed between the two groups for other parameters, including method of treatment. In conclusion, among the various risk factors examined, only obesity and poorer blood glucose control were significant contributors to the development of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6680509 TI - Prevalence of diabetic microangiopathy and neuropathy among Japanese diabetics in the Tokyo area: related to the WHO new diagnostic criteria. AB - In accordance with the new criteria for diabetes mellitus proposed by the WHO in 1980, patients treated at our clinic from 1976 to 1980 were examined for diabetes mellitus and its three major complications. 3809 patients (M 2176, F 1630) were divided into three groups: DM-A group (2912) with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) greater than or equal to 140 mg/100 ml; DM-B group (334) with FPG less than 140 and 2 hr after load (2H) greater than or equal to 200; IGT group (563) with FPG less than 140 and 140 less than or equal to 2H less than 200. The prevalences of the three complications are presented in the order: DM-A; DM-B; IGT, 33%; 21%; 15% (proteinuria), 48%; 28%; 18% (retinopathy), 63%; 47%; 34% (neuropathy), 15%; 6%; 1% (triopathy). Among the diabetics groups (DM-A + DM-B), prevalence of retinopathy is examined by sex, known duration of diabetes and age at registration. Prevalence is 45% in male, and 47% in female; duration 0-2 yr 27%, 3-5 yr 37%, 6-8 yr 50%, 9-11 yr 59%, 12-14 yr 68%, 15 yr- 73%; age at registration 0-24 yr 23%, 25-44 yr 39%, 45-64 yr 50%, 65 yr- 47%. On crosstabulation of age and duration in 25-44 yr age group, the prevalence of retinopathy as a function of known duration is 22% (duration 0-2 yr), 29% (3-5 yr), 53% (6-8 yr), 62% (9-11 yr), 73% (12-14 yr), 90% (15 yr-) and the prevalence rises more steeply than elder ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6680507 TI - Characteristics associated with diabetic retinopathy in Nauruans. AB - A recent epidemiological survey of the whole adult Micronesian population of Nauru has confirmed that Nauruans, along with Pima Indians, suffer the highest rate of abnormal glucose tolerance yet recorded. To establish the morbid effects of hyperglycaemia in this population, all responders to the diabetes survey were concurrently examined for diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic subjects, the crude prevalence of retinopathy was 24%. Specific rates were determined at various levels of the following characteristics: age, 2 hour post-load plasma glucose, body mass index, duration of diabetes and systolic blood pressure. Prevalence was found to rise with increasing 2 hour plasma glucose and duration, to fall with increasing body mass index and to have a quadratic relationship with age and systolic blood pressure. The multiple logistic regression model was used to determine whether the selected characteristics were significant in increasing the risk of retinopathy. Body mass index and systolic blood pressure did not contribute significantly to this risk after controlling for age. Increasing 2 hour plasma glucose significantly increased the risk of retinopathy, and duration of disease was the strongest predictor variable. This study shows that the consequences of hyperglycaemia in this Micronesian population are comparable to those already documented in European and American Indian communities. PMID- 6680510 TI - Prevalence of severely impaired visual acuity among diabetic patients in Fukuoka Prefecture with special emphasis on diabetic retinopathy: a survey by the Fukuoka Diabetes Clinic Group. AB - From December 1981 to January 1982, 3841 diabetic patients were seen in 16 diabetic clinics in Fukuoka Prefecture. Among them, 3289 diabetics had been examined for the presence of ophthalmological complications during the past year, and 979 cases (29.8%) had diabetic retinopathy, in which the proliferative type manifested itself in 152 cases (4.6%). Of 3841 diabetics in our clinics, there were 275 cases (7.2%) with severely weakened visual acuity (assessed by corrected acuity below 0.1), of which 153 cases (4.0%) resulted from diabetic retinopathy. Of these, 92 (2.4% of total diabetics) had visual defects in both eyes. Analyses on these 153 cases revealed several features, i.e., there were 10 cases with maculopathy and 4 cases with secondary rubeotic glaucoma, the age of the patients was 55.9 +/- 11.5 (mean +/- S.D.) years, and the presumed duration of diabetes, time lapse until appearance of visual defect(s) from onset of diabetes and the untreated period were 13.8 +/- 6.6 (n = 150), 10.5 +/- 6.0 (n = 124) and 4.2 +/- 4.9 (n = 101) years, respectively. PMID- 6680511 TI - Prevalence of vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in Newcastle, Australia. PMID- 6680512 TI - Epidemiological and clinical studies on blindness due to diabetic retinopathy. AB - To clarify the epidemiological and clinical features of blindness due to diabetic retinopathy, 21 patients were studied. Blind diabetics seen at our clinic numbered 2, 3, 4 and 12 in 1965-1969, 1970-1974, 1975-1979 and 1980-1981 respectively. The ratio of males to females was about 4:3. Patients whose onset was in the 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59 year age group numbered 4, 5, 6, 3 and 3 respectively. No difference was seen in the duration of the disease between patients whose onset was below and patients whose onset was above 40 years of age. Most of the blind diabetics (81.8%) were treated with insulin and hypoglycemic symptoms had occurred on several occasions in 14 cases. Hypertension was a complication in 10 (45%) and orthostatic hypotension in 7 cases (31.8%). Patellar tendon reflex disappeared in 15 cases (68.2%). Proteinuria was strongly positive in 11 cases (52.4%). It was therefore concluded that the number of blind diabetics has been increasing in our clinic since 1975. Insulin therapy and the association of hypoglycemia were thought to be important precipitating factors of blindness in diabetics. The levels of plasma fibrinogen and soluble fibrin monomer complexes in blind diabetics were higher than those in diabetics without retinopathy. PMID- 6680513 TI - An investigation of the usefulness of HbA1 as an index of control of diabetes: from the viewpoint of progress of diabetic retinopathy. AB - To suppress the progression of diabetic microangiopathies, good control of blood glucose levels must be maintained. We examined the usefulness of glycosylated hemoglobin as an index of control of diabetes using the Markov process for the analysis of the prognosis of retinopathy. Two hundred and ninety-nine diabetics who were followed for over 3 years period in our clinic and whose control states were steady during the observation period were selected for this study. Grade of retinopathy was classified into 4 stages according to Scott's criteria (Stage 1: no retinopathy, Stage 2: Scott Ia and IIa, Stage 3: Scott IIIa and IIIb, Stage 4: Scott IV and V). Glycosylated hemoglobin was measured as Hemoglobin A1 (HbA1), and patients were divided into 4 groups according to their levels of HbA1: Group A: HbA1 less than or equal to 8%, Group B: 8% less than HbA1 less than or equal to 10%, Group C: 10% less than HbA1 less than or equal to 12% and Group D: 12% less than HbA1. We estimated the transitional probability for the course of retinopathy from Stage 1 to Stage 4. After 10 years, Group A was expected to distribute to Stage 1 67%, Stage 2 29%, Stage 3 3% and Stage 41%, Group B to Stage 1 49%, Stage 2 45%, Stage 3 5% and Stage 4 1%, Group C to Stage 1 53%, Stage 2 30%, Stage 3 12% and Stage 4 4%, and Group D to Stage 1 24%, Stage 2 36%, Stage 3 23% and Stage 4 16% respectively (P less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6680514 TI - The global epidemiology of diabetes mellitus. AB - Systematic studies of diabetes prevalence and incidence are now indicating the extent and impact of the disease and its complications. A major handicap in establishing a true global picture has been the lack of uniformity in defining and classifying diabetes, and an additional limiting factor has been the grouping of different types of diabetes in published prevalence data. It appears the prevalence of insulin dependent (Type 1) and non-insulin dependent (Type 2) diabetes varies between and within ethnic groups, e.g. rural versus urban dwellers, thus making it difficult to compare data from different countries. However, this fact provides unique opportunities to study the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of diabetes and its micro- and macrovascular complications. Probably the most urgent needs have been the standardization of classification and criteria, and of epidemiological methodology. This paper will cover the epidemiology of diabetes in terms of the new WHO classification: Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus = Type 1. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus = Type 2. Other types, e.g. pancreatic or tropical malnutrition, endocrine, drug induced, etc. The main forms of diabetes seen in developed countries are Types 1 and 2. They appear to be two distinct clinical entities, but the concept of genetic-environmental interaction in their causation is probably equally applicable. In developing countries, Type 2 diabetes appears to be the most common form, but tropical malnutrition diabetes also occurs in many regions of the globe. PMID- 6680515 TI - Estimation of pathological changes from clinico-laboratory data in diabetic nephropathy: proposal of a diagnostic aid for diabetic nephropathy. AB - In the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy, the patho-histological examination of a specimen obtained by autopsy or biopsy is essential. However, if an accurate substituting estimation were available, patients would not be subjected to the risk of biopsy. We have tried to estimate the patho-histological changes in glomeruli from clinico-laboratory data using the relation between the patho histological changes in glomeruli and clinico-laboratory data in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The coincidence of patho-histological changes and estimated changes from clinico-laboratory data was 90.0% for the 40 internal samples and 72.5% for the 40 external samples. The authors conclude that these results are satisfactory for practical use. PMID- 6680516 TI - Clinical study of complications in dialyzed diabetics. AB - The authors retrospectively investigated 62 diabetics who had received dialytic therapy at our department and our associated hospital over the past 10 years. We studied the complications and causes of death among the 62 subjects. Of the 62 patients (male 42, female 20), 27 (male 21, female 6), had died. The causes of death in the 27 cases included 7 from general weakness, 4 from gastrointestinal bleeding, 4 from cerebrovascular hemorrhage or thrombosis, 3 suicide, 3 congestive heart failure, 2 myocardial infarction, 2 hyperkalemia, 1 infection and 1 from hepatoma. With regard to diabetic retinopathy, 19 of the 62 patients suffered from bilateral blindness and 12 from unilateral blindness. In 8 patients, visual complications developed after hemodialysis, but 16 patients were already blind at the introduction of hemodialysis. There was no evidence that retinopathy was accelerated by dialysis and the authors suggest that the treatment of retinopathy is very important at the nondialyzed stage. With regard to other complications in dialyzed diabetics, unstable hypertension, diabetic gastroenteropathy, peripheral neuropathy, ischemic heart disease and gangrene were discovered in our population. Some rehabilitation was possible in all but 3 of the subjects (1 peripheral neuropathy, 2 leg amputation). PMID- 6680517 TI - Epidemiological studies on renal papillary necrosis with diabetes mellitus in Japan. AB - Eighty-six cases of renal papillary necrosis (RPN) published in Japan over the years 1949-1980 were studied. While several hundreds cases of RPN were reported in certain European countries and the USA, only 5 cases were published in Japan up until 1960. However, the number of case reports has increased to 28 over the 5 year period of 1976-1980. The ratio of diabetics (62 cases) to nondiabetics (24 cases) is about 2.6:1 and is the same as that reported by Lauer in the USA. In diabetics, RPN was more frequently seen in females (3.4:1) and at more advanced age. Frequency of bilateral occurrence was high (47.5%). The prevalence of the association of glomerulosclerosis (75.0%) was higher than that reported by Silverman et al. in the USA (47.1%). The Incidence of the association of disturbances of consciousness (29.5%) was similar to that reported by Edmondson et al.. It was concluded that the number of cases of RPN with diabetes mellitus in Japan started to increase about 20 years later than in the USA, and that the frequency of the association between RPN and diabetic glomerulosclerosis in Japan seems to be higher than in the USA. Furthermore, it was noted that RPN was frequently associated with hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma. PMID- 6680518 TI - Mechanism of hemoglobin A1 synthesis in renal failure. PMID- 6680519 TI - Impaired vibratory perception as a criterion of diabetic neuropathies. AB - Among neurological findings in diabetics, increased vibratory perception threshold (VTP) and abnormal ankle jerks are thought to be two of the most common. This study aims to determine the diagnostic value of VPT by C128 vibrometer. Mean VPT in a reference group composed of 278 non-diabetics showed regression with age, so the normal range was determined as lying below M + 2SD for each 10 year age range in the reference group. The mean VPT in each age group of 667 diabetic subjects was found to be approximately equal to M + 1SD of the values for the non-diabetics. After 10 days on a proper diet in the hospital, VPT showed a marked improvement in well controlled cases. In a 3 year follow up study, it was found that constant impairment of vibratory perception was common in the group with a high prevalence of microangiopathies. Though impaired VPT is reversible, it is useful as a diagnostic aid for diabetes. PMID- 6680520 TI - The prevalence of neuropathic symptoms in diabetic patients newly referred to our hospital. AB - 100 diabetic patients who were newly referred to our hospital and 50 normal controls received 1) physical and chemical examinations, 2) a self-rating depression score (SDS), and 3) an examination consisting of 18 questions to detect subjective neuropathic symptoms. Many more neuropathic symptoms were found in diabetics than in normal controls; these symptoms included pain and numbness of the extremities, cold sensation, dizziness, constipation, impotence and sweating disorders. Few patients with neuropathic symptoms, however, exhibited neurological findings (tendon reflex, sensory disturbance or dorsal pulsation) or blood glucose control measured by HbA1. The likelihood of symptoms in the feet or in the urogenital tract increased with the duration of diabetes mellitus. Diabetics were significantly more depressive than normal controls shown by the result of SDS. PMID- 6680521 TI - Prevalence of autonomic disturbances in diabetics as compared with non-diabetics and healthy subjects. AB - The prevalence of autonomic disturbances in diabetics was investigated using a direct questionnaire. Compared to non-diabetics and healthy subjects, diabetics had a much higher incidence of paresthesia in the limbs (41%) and impotence (66%). These two symptoms proved to be important in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Other symptoms of autonomic disturbances in diabetics such as postural vertigo, abnormal sweating, diarrhea and constipation, abnormally cold or burning feet, itching, thirst, urinary bladder disturbance and libido decrease in females seemed to be non-specific for diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Paresthesia in the limbs, abnormally cold or burning feet, urine bladder disturbance and impotence were thought to be related to some degree to the duration, severity and complications of diabetes respectively. PMID- 6680522 TI - Clinical study of cardiac arrhythmias using a 24-hour continuous electrocardiographic recorder (5th report)--antiarrhythmic action of coenzyme Q10 in diabetics. AB - An investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antiarrhythmic effect of CoQ10 on VPBs using the Holter ECG, in 27 patients with no clinical findings of organic cardiopathies. As a result, the effect of CoQ10 on VPBs was considered beneficial in 6 (22%) of 27 cases, consisting of 1 patient with hypertension and 5 patients with DM. Even in the remaining 2 patients with DM, the frequency of VPBs was reduced by 50% or more during treatment with CoQ10. The mean reduction of VPBs frequency in the 5 responders plus these 2 patients with DM was 85.7%. These findings suggest that CoQ10 exhibits an effective antiarrhythmic action not merely on organic heart disease but also on VPBs supervening on DM. PMID- 6680523 TI - A critical level of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. AB - Diabetic autonomic neuropathy was expressed quantitatively using the coefficient of variation of R-R intervals (CVR-R) in ECG and its critical level where diabetics were plagued with various symptoms was investigated. The subjects were 58 diabetics under the age of 40 years. ECGs were recorded in the resting supine position and the degree of autonomic neuropathy was expressed as CVR-R by processing 100 consecutive R-R intervals. Symptoms caused by diabetic autonomic neuropathy were determined using a questionnaire. CVR-R were 1.10 +/- 0.34% (mean +/- SD) and 4.31 +/- 2.01% in patients with and without orthostatic hypotension respectively, the former being significantly lower. CVR-R were 1.30 +/- 0.88% and 3.81 +/- 1.31% in those with and without impotence respectively, the former being significantly lower. CVR-R were 0.80 +/- 0.14% and 3.85 +/- 2.17% in those with and without diabetic diarrhea respectively, the former being significantly lower. Concerning sweating abnormality CVR-R were significantly reduced in subjects exhibiting gustatory sweating (1.52 +/- 0.74%) and hypohidrosis (2.26 +/- 1.44%) when compared to those without these symptoms. From the results obtained, a CVR-R of 2% can be considered as the critical level which determines whether symptoms due to diabetic autonomic neuropathy will appear or not. PMID- 6680525 TI - Study of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus in Beijing and Tianjin, China. PMID- 6680524 TI - Phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase activity in developing, demyelinating, and diabetic mouse brain. AB - The catalysis by phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase (PEMT) of phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis by the successive methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) as methyl donor, was detected in actively myelinating mouse brains. PEMT activity in the microsome fraction of fetal mouse brain at 17 days of gestation was 253 mu u/mg protein and that of adult brain after 7 days of remyelination following 6 weeks cuprizone administration was 148 mu u/mg. These figures are much higher than found in normal adult brains (1.7 mu u/mg). An increase in PEMT activity was observed in the brains of genetically transmitted diabetic mice, C57BL/KsJ-db/db, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice; 16.3 and 9.2 mu u/mg, respectively. The methyl group of mecobalamin was transferred to homocysteine producing AdoMet and was further metabolized into choline and acetylcholine in brain slices. These results suggest that in the diabetic state, an increase in PC synthesis is probably required in order to replace damaged myelin or to supply choline or acetylcholine essential to for nerve functions. Mecobalamin might serve as the source of the methyl group utilized for PC synthesis. PMID- 6680526 TI - On the characteristics of the Japanese in the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes (WHO MSVDD). PMID- 6680527 TI - Analyses of risk factors of ischemic heart disease in diabetics--multivariate analyses. AB - In order to confirm the principal risk factor of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in diabetes, multivariate analyses were performed. ST depression in electrocardiogram (ST-ECG) and 18 other clinical-laboratory findings (sex, age, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, etc.) were measured in 70 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients. ST ECG findings were divided into five ranges as an index of the severity of IHD, based on the assumption that the degree of ST-ECG would provide a reasonable correlation to the grade of IHD. In partial correlation analysis, the degree of ST-ECG was significantly correlated both to the level of triglyceride (r = 0.455, p less than 0.001) and to blood pressure (r = 0.392, p less than 0.01), but not to the other 16 variables. Three selected variables (blood pressure, triglyceride and atherogenic index) were sufficient to provide a satisfactory discrimination between patients with and without IHD. Five selected variables (sex, blood pressure, triglyceride, atherogenic index and weight index) were sufficient for evaluation of regression. These results suggest that the high level of triglyceride and hypertension are essential risk factors of IHD in diabetes. It is noticeable that the high level of triglyceride is one of the independent risk factors of IHD in diabetes; it does not depend on the degree of control of hyperglycemia or on the other variables. PMID- 6680528 TI - Trend of macroangiopathy in diabetics studied by postmortem examination. AB - In recent years, both a numerical and relative increase in the morbidity of cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases has been noted in Japanese diabetics. The trend of macroangiopathy in the period between 1953 and 1980 was studied in 210 autopsy cases (Group A: 1953-62, 27 cases, Group B: 1963-72, 43 cases and Group C: 1973-80, 140 cases). The incidence of myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction as a primary cause of death was 25. 9% in Group A, 23.3% in Group B and 37.9% in Group C. From the autopsy findings, the morbidity of cardiovascular disease was 14.8%, 30.2% and 34.3% respectively. In order to elucidate the clinical risk factors, the age at death, duration of diabetes at the time of death, and incidence of hypertension and serum cholesterol in the past history were studied. The percentages of those aged over 70 at death was 18.5%, 23.3% and 42.8% respectively, and those of the cases with durations of more than 10 years was 25.9%, 40.5% and 51.8% respectively. The prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia was almost identical in each group. From the above, the previous increase in the death-rate due to coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in Japanese diabetics is thought to be attributable to the increasing number of elderly diabetics of long duration. PMID- 6680529 TI - Risk factors of cerebro-cardiovascular disorders in mild diabetes. AB - The previous history of maturity onset diabetics is often difficult to piece together since most of the patients, being asymptomatic in the early stages, are not predisposed to undergo routine examinations. We made a prognostic study of such asymptomatic mild diabetics in order to examine the relationship between diabetes and cerebro-cardiovascular disorders. The subjects consisted of 5,170 individuals who had undergone biennial routine examinations at the Nagasaki RERF since 1958. Of these, 424 persons were diagnosed during the follow-up period as having diabetes. Eliminating those receiving insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents, there were 392 patients. It is shown that 49% of these mild diabetics died from cerebro-cardiovascular disorders. The mortality rate for mild asymptomatic diabetics due to CVD and CHD was significantly higher than that for non diabetics. To elucidate the risk factors of these disorders, we studied the effects of age, blood pressure (BP), serum total cholesterol (TC), relative body weight and four other factors. In CVD as well as in CHD, age and systolic blood pressure were the major risk factors of statistical significance. It was also noted that diabetes, however mild, was an important factor. Consequently, Bp is felt to be the greatest of the four risk factors above, and the maintenance of normal BP as well as glucose control is important even in mild asymptomatic diabetics. PMID- 6680530 TI - Comparative studies on vascular disorders in diabetics between urban and rural districts. AB - The incidence of vascular disorders was investigated in two groups of diabetics. One group (group-U) comprised 408 diabetics who were inhabitants of an urban district. The other group (group-R) consisted of 148 diabetics who were inhabitants of a rural district. The annual incidence rates of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease in group-R were about twice as high as the respective rates in group-U. The prevalence rates of hypertension and ECG abnormalities in group-R were also significantly higher than those in group-U (p less than 0.01). However, there was no appreciable difference between the two groups with respect to the incidence of proteinuria or proliferative retinopathy. Any significant difference between the two groups in age, obesity index, Hb-A1, T. Chol., TG. or HDL-C levels was not recognized. The duration of diabetes was relatively short in group-R. These findings suggest that the high incidence of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease in group-R is not influenced by the difference in Hb-A1 or serum lipid levels, and that these vascular disorders are probably associated with hypertension and ECG-abnormalities. PMID- 6680531 TI - Painless myocardial infarction in diabetics. AB - In order to evaluate differences between the initial manifestations of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in diabetics (DM) and non-diabetics (N-DM), 94 consecutive AMIs (DM 40, N-DM 54) were studied over a four-year period. Cases with abrupt onset associated with chest pain and/or discomfort in the areas of the chest and back were classified as the typical group (I). All other cases were classified as the atypical group (II). In subjects over the age of 60, 12 out of 33 DM had atypical manifestations, but only 3 out of 29 N-DM (p less than 0.05). In subjects aged 59 or less, the incidence of atypical cases was similar in the DM and N-DM groups. The initial symptoms of AMI were not correlated with type or location of infarction, nor with the type of treatment or presence of the ankle jerk reflex. Pre-infarction symptoms were present in 69% of Group I and 74% of Group II DM subjects. In Group II, 5 out of 16 patients had a history of typical angina, but had no chest pain at the onset of infarction. The post-AMI mortality within one month was 15% in the DM and 18% in the N-DM group. It was 14% in Group I and 25% in Group II. Mean CPK did not differ statistically between Group I and Group II. However, the Peel prognostic index was 11.0 +/- 5.1 for Group I and 15.5 +/- 5.0 for Group II (p less than 0.05) in subjects over the age of 60.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6680533 TI - Arteriosclerosis obliterans in Japanese diabetic patients. AB - Arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) of the lower extremities was found in 32 cases (1.9%) among 1673 Japanese diabetic patients. Comparison with age-and sex-matched control patients revealed that male sex, older age, hypertension and neglect of treatment of diabetes were positively correlated with ASO, but obesity, smoking and hyperlipidemia were not correlated with ASO. Proteinuria, cerebral vascular disease and myocardial infarction were significantly associated with ASO. The arterial pulses of the foot were examined in 451 diabetic patients. The pulse of A. dorsalis pedis was absent in 29 (6.4%) and was significantly related to the clinical signs and symptoms of ASO. The loss of the pulse of A. dorsalis pedis increased with age and was more frequent in men than in women. The results indicate a lower frequency of ASO in Japanese than in Western diabetic patients. PMID- 6680532 TI - Factors influencing the development of diabetic vascular complications. AB - In order to elucidate the factors influencing the development of diabetic vascular complications, a retrospective clinical study was carried out in 255 patients, who had been treated in our diabetes clinic for more than 10 years. The patients were divided into three groups according to their retinal lesions: group A, 89, had no retinal lesions; group B, 118, Scott I and II; and group C, 48, Scott III or more advanced lesions. Although there were no significant differences in body weight or age at onset of diabetes between the three groups, the severity of the disease at the first visit and the method of treatment were regarded as important factors in the development of vascular complications. Hypertension, albuminuria and hypercholesterolemia were observed more often in group C than groups A and B, while there was no difference in EKG abnormalities between the three groups. No significant difference was demonstrated concerning control of blood glucose, incidence of hypoglycemia, urinary glucose and ketone bodies, serum triglyceride, hemoglobin A1c, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase or serum lipoperoxide. These results suggest that the complicated mechanism involved in the development of vascular complications should be investigated and a long-term dynamic observation should be carried out. PMID- 6680534 TI - Diabetic amputees in Singapore. AB - We studied the clinical features of 262 consecutive patients who had 289 limb amputations in the University Department of Orthopaedics, Singapore General Hospital from January, 1978 to June, 1980. Of these, 171 (59.2%) were done for diabetic complications, 43 (14.9%) for trauma and 27 (9.3%) for atherosclerosis. The mean age of the three groups were 65 +/- 10 (S.D.), 32 +/- 17, and 75 +/- 8 years respectively. The indications for amputation in diabetics were gangrene (36%), ulcer (25%), infection (14%), gangrene and ulcer (11%), gangrene and infection (8.2%), and ulcer and infection (6%). The majority of diabetics were treated with oral agents (80.2%) and diet (6.4%), with 13.4% on insulin. Most patients had their diabetes for less than ten years-38.6% less than five years and 30.7% six-ten years. The mean known duration of the lesion was 1.13 +/- 1.42 months, with 38.7% less than one week. To determine the prevalence of peripheral vascular disease in diabetics admitted for amputation, the ankle/arm systolic BP ratio at rest and post-exercise were determined. In the affected leg, 16/19 patients had decreased ankle/arm systolic BP ratio. In another study, 23/26 diabetic amputees had decreased ankle/arm systolic BP ratio in the remaining leg. These data suggest that diabetes is the most common indication for amputation in this study. Most of these patients are Type II diabetics and have peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 6680535 TI - Diabetic gangrene in Japan: analysis of 487 cases. AB - Diabetic gangrene was thought of as a rather rare complication in Japan. Since the first report in 1917, only 16 cases were reported up to 1945. However, the number of reports increased rapidly in the manner of a geometric series after 1965. Sex and age distributions of the syndrome in Japan corresponded closely with those of Western countries. A distinct tendency in the inducement of gangrene was found, i.e. thermal trauma had preceded 43.6% of the cases. This might be the result of the local habit of warming the feet using hot-water bottles or foot warmers. The number of patients with normal pulses in the affected extremities in Japan was distinctly higher compared with that reported in Western countries. But functional and morphological changes in large peripheral vessels were frequently demonstrated when more detailed examinations were conducted. The cause for the rapid increase in the incidence of diabetic gangrene has not been elucidated, but changes in lifestyle may be partly responsible. The most conspicuous change was the increase in meat and fat intake during the 1960's. The changes in total calorie, total protein or sugar intake over this period were inconspicuous. Changes in dietary habits seem to be responsible, but further research will be necessary to clarify the details. PMID- 6680536 TI - HDL cholesterol in diabetic gangrene. PMID- 6680537 TI - Serum and lipoprotein lipid levels in diabetic patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - To examine the influence of glucose intolerance in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) on coronary heart disease (CHD), we measured serum and lipoprotein lipid levels in heterozygous FH patients with and without glucose intolerance. The patients with FH were classified as having normal (N), borderline (B) and diabetic (D) glucose tolerance by 50 g OGTT according to the criteria of the Japan Diabetic Society. Fasting blood glucose levels (mean) were 78 mg/100 ml (N, n = 8), 97 (B, n = 10) and 199 (D, n = 9) in females and 85 (N, n = 12), 93 (B, n = 21) and 185 (D, n = 15) in males, respectively. Prevalence of CHD was 50% (N), 56 (B) and 89 (D) in females and 58 (N), 67 (B) and 50 (D) in males, respectively. Serum cholesterol (Chol) and triglyceride (TG) levels (mean) were 351 mg/100 ml and 112 mg/100 ml (N), 323 and 102 (B), and 342 and 187 (D) in females and 356 and 93 (N), 338 and 121 (B), and 305 and 161 (D) in males, respectively. Serum Chol in D was significantly lower than in N in males (p less than 0.02). Serum TG in D was significantly higher than in N (p less than 0.05) in both males and females. Chol and TG of VLDL in D (n = 15) were significantly higher than in B (n = 19) (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.05) and in N (n = 15) (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6680538 TI - Lipid disorders in Thai diabetics. AB - The incidence of fasting HLP in 326 diabetics was 68.4 percent. The common types of HLP were type IV, IIb, IIa and III respectively. There was one case of type V. HDLC was decreased in all three groups of diabetics together with elevated ratio of TC to HDLC comparing with the controls of similar age and sex VLDL and TG were significantly elevated in NIDDM aged 60 and over comparing with IDDM but not significantly different from NIDDM aged below 60. The early detection and treatment of HLP along with optimum control of blood glucose are of utmost importance to prevent further complications caused by atherosclerosis. PMID- 6680539 TI - Incidence of hyperlipemia in diabetics in Okinawa and its relation to ischemic heart disease. AB - The average value for total cholesterol in the healthy population of Okinawa was significantly higher than that of Kyushu, but there were no differences in triglyceride levels. It is presumed that the difference in cholesterol levels was due to a 10 g difference in fat intake. The average values for total cholesterol and triglycerides in diabetics before treatment in both Kyushu and Okinawa were higher than in the healthy populations of Kyushu and Okinawa. The average values for total cholesterol and triglycerides in the diabetics in Okinawa were higher than those in the diabetics of Kyushu. The incidence of ischemic heart disease in diabetics in Okinawa classified by the Minnesota Code was higher than in the healthy population. It can be concluded that the development of ischemic heart disease in diabetics is influenced by both hypercholesterolemia and other metabolic disorders due to insufficiency of insulin action. PMID- 6680540 TI - The features of causes of death in Japanese diabetics during the period 1971 1980. AB - The principal causes of death among 9,737 diabetics who died in 280 hospitals all over Japan during the period 1971-1980 have been analyzed retrospectively in this study. The main cause of death in Japanese diabetics was vascular complications. The mortality from vascular complications was 41.5%, 37.9% for males and 46.8% for females, increasing with the duration of diabetes and with age. The most interesting findings were of cardiovascular disease which was the cause of death in 12.3% of the subjects in our study as compared to 54.6% of the Joslin Clinic patients (1971). However, our incidence rate was almost twice that reported in Japan in 1967 by Goto (Japan). In contrast, cerebrovascular disease and nephropathy are much more common in Japanese than in American diabetics. Recently cancer has become more common in Japanese diabetics and 25.3% of the deaths have been assigned to it. In contrast, diabetic coma due to hyperglycemia accounted for only 4.1% of deaths. The average life span of Japanese diabetics is still over 10 years shorter than that of non-diabetics. PMID- 6680541 TI - A long-term follow-up study of diabetic patients in Osaka, Japan: mortality and causes of death. AB - A long-term follow-up study of diabetic patients was carried out in Osaka, Japan. The subjects were 1,850 diabetics, who were first seen at our hospital between 1960-1979, and they were followed up until the end of 1980. Both the mean annual mortality rate and the O/E ratio indicated an excess mortality in diabetic patients compared to the general population, and a higher mortality in males than in females. Factors related to the prognosis of the subjects were elevated systolic blood pressure, albuminuria and elevated fasting glucose levels at the baseline, and poor metabolic control and insulin treatment during the follow-up period. Cerebrocardiovascular and renal diseases accounted for nearly half of all deaths. When compared to the expected death rate, the increase in the number of deaths due to renal disease was remarkable. Malignant neoplasms also exhibited an increase in the O/E ratio, and were responsible for one quarter of all deaths. In particular, an increase in cancer of the liver and of the pancreas was noted. In addition, an increased O/E ratio was observed for cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 6680542 TI - Cause of death among diabetics in Aizu area. PMID- 6680543 TI - Diabetes in tropics--perspectives of research. AB - HLA antigen studies indicate heterogeneity of allele of B locus and propedine factor based on racial differences, while confirming specificity of DR3-DR4 for IDDM. C-peptide reserve is indicative of some sparing of beta cell destruction due to pre-existing nutritional state with enzymatic modulations modifying ketosis in the atypical IDDM in North India. Specific diabetic vascular disease has lesser geographical predisposition though factors that promote its severity or restrain its progress are not well understood. PMID- 6680544 TI - Causes of death of diabetic patients in the past 10 years and their ECG findings. AB - We investigated the causes of death of 98 subjects with diabetes mellitus over the past 10 years at our hospital. As was expected, the cause with the highest incidence (48.0%) was vascular disease including cerebral vascular disease (20.4%), coronary heart disease (15.3%), aortic disease and miscellaneous (3.1%), followed by malignant tumors (39.8%), infectious diseases (4.1%) and other diseases. Only one patient died from diabetic coma. The abnormal ECG findings of these patients were analyzed according to the Minnesota Code and 57%, 31%, 26%, 24%, 19% of them showed arrhythmias, ST-T abnormalities, LVH, VPC, and abnormal Q wave, respectively. These findings showed no statistical difference between diabetics and non-diabetics. Abnormal p-wave, especially LA-load was found more often in diabetics (35%) than in non-diabetics (21%). Q-T interval corrected by Bazett's formula (Q-Tc) was 430 +/- 3.03 (M +/- SEM) msec in diabetics and it was significantly longer (p less than 0.01) than 417 +/- 3.73 msec in patients with other diseases. PMID- 6680545 TI - An epidemiological study on diabetes mellitus in the Iwaki area. AB - We made a statistical study of diabetics in the medical ward of Iwaki Kyoritsu General Hospital over a period of 30 years. The number of diabetic inpatients at our hospital was 24 in 1951, 152 in 1970 and 350 in 1980. The ratio of diabetic inpatients to the total number of inpatients at the medical department of our hospital increased from 2 percent in 1957 to 15 percent in 1980. According to reports from the Welfare Ministry of Japan on the nutritional intake of the Japanese, calorie intake has not changed, but there has been a change in composition. Carbohydrate intake has decreased, and animal protein and fat intakes have increased. Therefore, the increase in the number of diabetic inpatients in the medical ward of our hospital seems to be connected to the changes in diet; i.e., the increases in the intake of animal protein and fat. As causes of death in diabetics, malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular diseases and renal diseases were most prevalent. In primary diabetics, cerebrovascular disease, malignant neoplasms and renal diseases were responsible for the greater percentage, and in secondary diabetics, liver cirrhoses and malignant neoplasms were responsible for the greater percentage. In primary diabetics, renal diseases has shown a remarkable increase with time. PMID- 6680546 TI - Mortality and causes of death among Japanese diabetics in the Tokyo area: prospective follow-up study over four years. AB - To clarify the mortality and causes of death among Japanese diabetics, we started a prospective follow-up study of 1,629 diabetics who had been registered at our Diabetes Center in 1976. After registration, all patients were checked annually for four years and we confirmed that they were still alive by sending questionnaires or obtaining copies of their resident cards. After a four-year follow-up, only 3 had dropped out, 1,486 were alive and 140 had died. The follow up rate therefore was 99.8%. We obtained copies of the death certificates of all the deceased. It was shown that risk factors increasing the mortality ratio (the ratio of observed deaths to expected deaths) among Japanese diabetics were early onset of diabetes (0-29 years of age), treatment by insulin and the presence of diabetic retinopathy combined with proteinuria at registration. The most frequent cause of death among the 140 deceased cases was malignant neoplasm, the second ischemic heart disease and the third was cerebrovascular disease. Analysis of the underlying causes of death showed a significant increase in the death rate due to diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease among Japanese diabetics compared with the general population matched for sex and age. PMID- 6680547 TI - Improved control in self-blood glucose monitoring insulin dependent diabetics treated with acarbose. PMID- 6680548 TI - Evidence of beneficial effects of strict glycemic control on diabetic vascular complications--a prospective study with artificial devices. AB - This prospective study was undertaken to examine whether glycemic normalization could have beneficial on the course of diabetic vascular complications in 6 insulin-dependent diabetics. A significant amelioration of glycemic regulation was achieved by intensive glycemic control with artificial devices and multiple injections for 3 months, which also resulted in an improvement in conduction velocity, a regression in retinovascular permeability and a decrease in urinary total protein excretion. These results indicate that even after short-term treatment, glycemic near-normalization can have a beneficial effect on the early stage of diabetic vascular complications. PMID- 6680549 TI - Difference of glucose values due to analytical instruments, methods and samples. AB - This study was carried out to obtain exact blood glucose differences due to samples, analytical methods and instruments. Glucose values obtained with autoanalyzer having deproteinizing system were lower than those obtained by the instrument without deproteinizing system, but the difference was less when the analyzer had no deproteinizing procedure but a dual wave length system. The difference between Hoffman's method and glucose-oxidase method was 10 mg/dl. Plasma glucose values were higher than those of whole blood and the difference varied with glucose values. PMID- 6680550 TI - Reliability of HbA1 assay in the mass survey for diabetes mellitus, with special reference to the preservation and transportation of blood samples. AB - Studies on the reliability of the HbA1 assay in mass surveys for diabetes mellitus were carried out with special reference to the preservation and transportation of blood samples. It is essential to confirm that the preservation and transportation of samples have no effect on values for HbA1, since most of the mass surveys are carried out as field works. In our experience the levels of HbA1 remained unchanged for one week, both in samples kept at 4 degrees C, and in frozen samples kept at -40 degrees C or -80 degrees C and transported on solid CO2. The levels of HbA1 in the samples transported from Manila to Wakayama by the above-mentioned methods did not differ from those obtained in corresponding fresh samples. There was a good correlation between levels of HbA1 and levels of plasma glucose obtained 1 or 2 hr after breakfast (PPG). It was concluded that the use of both criteria (HbA1 of more than 8.00% and PPG of more than 120 mg/100 ml) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is more reliable than use of either one alone. PMID- 6680551 TI - The importance of determining stable glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetics: confusions are caused by the nomenclature of glycohemoglobin as HbA1C or HbA1 in its evaluation. AB - Specimens of HbA1C from human hemolysate contain more than six minor components which cannot be separated by conventional methods. These components have differing characteristic properties and their levels fluctuate depending on the time the blood is drawn and the method of sample preparation used. HbA1C exhibits unreasonable fluctuation and unexpectedly high levels and is therefore not an accurate indicator of long-term blood glucose control. The six components of HbA1C were resolved by our new chromatographic technique using IEX-530, and designated by their eluting position and properties; HbF6, L-GHb7, St-GHb8, L GHb9, Fr10, and Fr11. HbF6 was alkaline resistant. L-GHb7 and L-GHg9 were easily removed by treatment with saline or semicarbazide and increased after incubation with glucose. The level of L-GHb7 in the blood showed rapid and varied fluctuation on OGTT in both diabetics and control subjects. More than 2% HbF6 and L-GHb7 was present in 13.3% of the control group (n = 57) and in 51.4% of the IDDM group (n = 45). St-GHb8, which was a major component of HbA1C, was not affected by pretreatment with saline, semicarbazide or glucose in vitro. The level of St-GHb8 in the blood showed little change on OGTT. HbA1C, hitherto referred to as one stable component, is an incorrect term used to denote the index of long-term blood glucose control. It is important and warranted to use the level of stable glycohemoglobin (St-GHb8) in future determinations following proper analytical methods. PMID- 6680552 TI - Proposal of the diabetic diet load test (DLT) as a new diagnostic. AB - The diet loading test (DLT), which measures the change in the blood sugar (BS) level after a loading diabetic diet (5 units = 400 kcal, including 50 g of carbohydrate), has been devised as a new diagnostic for diabetes. Twenty-seven and 253 patients classified as borderline type (G-B) and diabetic type (G-DM), respectively, from the results of 50 g-OGTT (GTT) were subjected to DLT to evaluate its clinical usefulness. Diagnostic criteria of DLT were established from the BS levels (mean +/- 2S.D.) in 46 normals as follows: normal type (D-N), lower than 100 mg/100 ml at baseline and than 120 mg/100 ml both 1 and 2 hr after loading; diabetic type (D-DM), higher than 120 mg/100 ml at both 1 and 2 hr; borderline type (D-B), neither of these patterns. According to these criteria, 253 patients of G-DM were divided into 249 D-DM and 4 D-B; 27 G-B were subclassified into 3 groups: 7 D-N (all of them were above 70 years old), 13 D-B and 7 D-DM (all of them were in a remission stage of diabetes). Furthermore, the results of DLT were more closely correlated with HbA1 levels, the daily profile of BS and the degree of retinopathy than those of GTT. The reproducibility of DLT was also better than that of GTT. In conclusion, DLT is a new system which makes it possible to differentiate physiological glucose intolerance in the aged and in patients in a remission state of diabetes from borderline cases diagnosed with GTT. Furthermore, it was proved that a better correlation existed between the state of BS control and the results of DLT than those of GTT. The usefulness of DLT in a population survey was also proved. PMID- 6680553 TI - Assessment of the new diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus according to a long-term follow-up study. AB - The validity of the new diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus proposed by the WHO Expert Committee was assessed by 10-year relative survival rates and by the changes in glucose tolerance in subjects with IGT during a 7-year period. In the survival study, diabetic subjects, especially those with a fasting glucose level greater than or equal to 140 mg/100 ml and 2-hour glucose level greater than or equal to 200 mg/100 ml revealed a significant decrease in the survival rate, while the prognosis of the subjects with IGT did not differ from that of the general population. On the other hand, in the 7-year follow-up study, the rate of worsening to diabetes after 7 years was related closely to the 2-hour glucose level at the initial test. A multiple logistic analysis also indicated that the fasting and 2-hour glucose levels at the initial test were significantly predictive of worsening to diabetes among the subjects with IGT. PMID- 6680554 TI - Premature fusion of cranial sutures (craniosynostosis). PMID- 6680555 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg): (a survey of hospital staff in Zambia). PMID- 6680556 TI - Rubella antibodies in a sample of Lusaka mothers. PMID- 6680557 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the kidney in a 17 year old Zambian male. PMID- 6680558 TI - Granulomatous aortitis and pulmonary trunk arteritis: (a case report). PMID- 6680559 TI - A hospital out-patient study of bronchial asthma in Zambia. PMID- 6680560 TI - [Cliches of Buenos Aires: the mythologic foundation of its customs]. AB - Buenos Aires and its surroundings constitute a cultural area of the Argentine Republic, singular in its significance and difficult to apprehend. The description of the spirit of the city, transcending its sociological, psychological or psychiatric parameters, constitutes a fundamentally imaginative task; therefore we present in this essay an heuristic anthropology of Buenos Aires. PMID- 6680561 TI - [Grandparenthood]. AB - This is a study about grandparenthood and represents an approach to the organization of the human psychodynamics along the individual's development toward becoming a grandparent. Grandparenthood is an important function that has its roots in the nuclear oedipical bonds and in previous narcissistic relationships. It is not always, though, an idylic happy end, reached by the only fact of having been a parent and then a grandparent with many grandchildren. In this paper, the author expands on three basic items: The desire of the individual to become a grandparent. The meaning for the grandparent of this desire. The way in which the tumultuous libidinal metamorphose, which can be called "grandparenthood crisis" develops. Human beings do not willingly give up their libidinal strongholds, not even when potential compensatory substitutes are rising up. But in the normal case, the sense of reality prevails. Meanwhile, losses continue their existence in the psyche as inscriptions of a lack, making encounters and reencounters possible. Parents may be lost and sons may become independent but they are recovered through grandchildren and new social bonds that provide richer fulfillment feelings to the grandparent. The family, the environment in which the emergence of desire puts to the proof the interdiction of incest, the sex differences and the generational gap, is the most intimate and adequate field for the development of the strongest tendencies either in the realm of creativity or in the realm of destructivity. And grandparenthood takes place in this field of tendencies. PMID- 6680562 TI - [Medico-psychological approach to families with chronic patients]. AB - In this paper, a clinical psychological approach to families with a diabetic patient, extensive to other chronic conditions, is described. The main purpose is to act on the emotional factors that the disease produces in the family as a system and that interfere in the therapeutic success. To operate two areas are proposed: a) Cognitive, trying to know and make clear any distorted information the family may have about the disease, with special emphasis on non-critical believes. To make conscious these primitive myths constitutes a valuable tool leading to their questioning and eventual correction, and consequently improving the family behavior related to the control of the disease. b) Family dynamics. Diabetes, as other chronic diseases, facilitates the broadening of the pre existing dependency links. Furthermore, if the organic disease constitutes a sort of limit not seen in psychiatric disorders, the load on the patient of other conflicts can be understood as the rol played by the "identified patient" as mentally ill. The individual "marked" with an organic disease is an adequate target to receive multiple deposits from unsolved family system conflicts expressed through many disfunctional interactions, being "enmeshment" of everyone to everyone and "overprotection" characteristic features.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6680563 TI - [The alcoholic patient in Costa Rica: characteristics and results]. AB - At the Rehabilitation Center of the National Institute on Alcoholism (CREAT) a three years study was carried out on in-patient basis. This study took into consideration the socio-economic characteristics as well as the patients' intake of alcohol and their behaviour on abstinence-ingestion when they got out during a year follow-up. This work presents a profile of the patients, having interviewed 3.175 individuals, which, in general terms, is synthetized as follows; he is an individual whose age fits him within the economically active population, coming from rural areas and whose income derives from occupations not qualified far the urban areas of the country, where he has relatively rooted. Early incorporated to his type of work abandoning his education, soon he started indulging in alcohol due to circumstances socially accepted, and congruent with the cultural pattern of ingestion. Important enough he reveals alcoholic backgrounds within the family almost always in the person of his father. At the moment of this study the patient reveals excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, equivalent to some 230 cc of absolute alcohol. He states, clearly enough, his inability to stop his alcoholic intake once it has started, and which leads him to alcoholic binges of more than a week of endurance. He has been previously treated for alcoholism at INSA and A.A. with no positive results. His referral for treatment had been made, in the majority of the cases by his kin and friends, and, likewise, he has come to the Center by his own will. It's striking among other features, his general impairment of many of the aforementioned aspects in younger patients. The results obtained during the period of abstinence point out to a fast relapse (in several instances immediately after having left the Center) positively associated with groups of lower age. The problems of alcoholism of the patients under study are present at a great scale, involved in a double and problematic socio-cultural situation. Thus, the patients show a deficient involvement in the socio economical structure which leaves the basic needs unsatisfied frustrating their personal ambitions. But, furthermore, their involvement within a cultural model of compulsive alcoholic drinking accounts for his abstinence to be a determinant of a deviant situation or reluctance in regards to the actual values. PMID- 6680564 TI - Afferent pathways of the spinal segment from the cervical and lumbal spinal ganglia in the rat. PMID- 6680565 TI - Thalamo-rapheal connections in the rat. An experimental study using the anterograde and retrograde technique. PMID- 6680566 TI - Hypoxia of the immature brain and some ways in which it can be modified. PMID- 6680568 TI - EEC workshop: Identification and characterization of biological tissues by NMR. Rome, 18-20 May 1983. PMID- 6680567 TI - Bacterial flora in peritoneal suppurations. PMID- 6680569 TI - The adequacy of the uni-exponential model in characterizing spin-lattice relaxation curves of biological tissues. PMID- 6680570 TI - The NMR proton relaxation in biological fluids: a good way to identify precisely healthy or pathological states. PMID- 6680571 TI - Relaxation measurements in excised and perfused organs. PMID- 6680572 TI - Expression of relaxation properties within the NMR image. PMID- 6680573 TI - The problems of characterization of tissues and biological materials. PMID- 6680575 TI - Principles and practical aspects of contrast agents for NMR imaging. PMID- 6680574 TI - Influence of age and thermal treatment on the proton NMR response of muscle. PMID- 6680576 TI - Standard phantoms for NMR imaging equipment. PMID- 6680577 TI - Synthetic polymers: a possible source of phantoms for NMR imaging. PMID- 6680578 TI - Practical considerations in the assessment of noise-limited medical images: with special reference to nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 6680579 TI - The biophysics of the relaxation properties of water in biological systems. PMID- 6680581 TI - Design of an instrument for safety assurance in NMR imaging procedures. PMID- 6680582 TI - Heterogeneities in space, time, and clinical condition influencing the NMR response of tissues. PMID- 6680580 TI - Preliminary results from phantoms for spatial and contrast resolution, standardisation and calibration, within NMR images. PMID- 6680583 TI - Technical aspects of relaxation measurements and their relationship with tissue properties. PMID- 6680584 TI - Effects of relaxation time constants in NMR imaging. PMID- 6680585 TI - Technique dependence in NMR imaging measurements. PMID- 6680587 TI - Technical aspects of human metabolic studies by NMR. PMID- 6680586 TI - NMR imaging. T1 measurements and calibration in relation to so-called T1 images. PMID- 6680588 TI - Spatial localization of high resolution spectra and relaxation times using a rotating frame imaging technique. PMID- 6680589 TI - Factors influencing the values of the experimentally obtained relaxation rates of tissues. PMID- 6680590 TI - Tissue discrimination in vivo by NMR imaging. PMID- 6680591 TI - Present trends of NMR technology in medicine. PMID- 6680592 TI - Subclinical mastitis of beef cows. AB - Two beef cow herds were investigated to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and to determine whether it contributed to decreased weaning weight of calves nursed by affected cows. Quarter samples obtained about 30 days after calving were evaluated by the California mastitis test and by direct microscopic cell count. In 1 herd, a 92-cow confinement operation, 17 quarters of 12 cows were infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp other than agalactiae, or Klebsiella sp. Mean 205-day adjusted weights were 203.9 kg and 218.2 kg for calves nursed by infected vs noninfected cows. In the other herd, a 75-cow range pasture operation, 8 quarters of 8 cows were infected, all with S aureus. Mean 205-day adjusted weights were 162.5 kg and 174.6 kg for calves nursed by infected vs noninfected cows. PMID- 6680593 TI - The user perspective in northern Thailand: a series of case studies. PMID- 6680595 TI - [Unusual birth injury of the scrotum]. AB - Birth injury of scrotum in newborns is extremely rare. In one case testis and spermatic cord were replaced immediately and the wound closed. After 16 months the postoperative result was without pathological findings. PMID- 6680594 TI - Role of labour in the establishment of functional residual capacity at birth. AB - Intrathoracic pressure and volume changes were measured during the spontaneous first breath in 11 healthy term neonates delivered by emergency caesarean section (CS). Although inspiratory and expiratory rates were higher than those found among babies delivered by elective CS, inspiratory volume was very similar and these babies, unlike those delivered by elective CS, had all formed a functional residual capacity at the end of the first breath. We obtained cord arterial and venous samples for catecholamine analysis concurrently, and found that most of the babies had concentrations of plasma noradrenaline similar to babies delivered by elective CS--high values were found only among infants who had suffered fetal distress. Both catecholamine excretion and method of delivery may be important in the formation of the functional residual capacity at birth. PMID- 6680597 TI - The psychological impact of trauma: recognition and treatment. PMID- 6680596 TI - The use of bretylium in prehospital ventricular fibrillation. AB - Bretylium tosylate is recommended by the American Heart Association Standards for Advanced Cardiac Life Support for refractory ventricular fibrillation after countershock, sodium bicarbonate, and epinephrine. According to this protocol, paramedics gave five to six milligrams per kilogram of intravenous bretylium by bolus in 96 patients with refractory fibrillation over a 24-month period. A positive response was defined as the presence of a palpable pulse following bretylium and countershock. Thirty-five percent of patients (34/96) responded following bretylium. Twenty-one percent (20/96) responded only temporarily with a rhythm and pulse. Fifteen percent (14/96) maintained a stable rhythm and vital signs on admission to the hospital, but only five patients, 5% of the total population, (5/96), were eventually discharged home. Clinical variables were similar in non-responders, temporary responders, and those admitted, but the times from the onset of Advanced Cardiac Life Support to receiving bretylium were 23.5 min, 20.3 min, and 14.3 min respectively. We conclude that about one-third of patients in refractory ventricular fibrillation respond following bretylium and countershock and that earlier bretylium use may give better results. PMID- 6680598 TI - Accident and emergency medicine in the United Kingdom. PMID- 6680600 TI - Bretylium tosylate and ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 6680601 TI - The mechanism of MAST: stalking the elusive autotransfusion. PMID- 6680599 TI - The specialty of emergency medicine and The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. PMID- 6680602 TI - Xeroradiography and foreign bodies. PMID- 6680603 TI - Theophylline concentrations in the emergency treatment of acute bronchial asthma. AB - Ninety-three patients presenting with acute asthma to the emergency department were studied to determine theophylline levels and their relationship to airway obstruction, history of prior medication use, and side effects of treatment. The mean pretreatment theophylline level was 6.4 micrograms/ml. Patients on long acting preparations had significantly higher levels than those on short-acting medications (p less than 0.05). The mean post-treatment theophylline level was 16.7 micrograms/ml. Twenty-three patients had toxic levels post-treatment but none of these had a major adverse reaction. Twenty of these patients had been taking long-acting preparations. Fifty percent of the patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity had theophylline levels below 15 micrograms/ml. There was no correlation between the theophylline level or change in level and the degree of airway obstruction as measured by pulmonary function testing. Clinical findings are not reliable predictors of theophylline levels. Patients taking long acting theophylline products should receive a lowered loading dose. PMID- 6680604 TI - Dog bites in children: epidemiology, microbiology, and penicillin prophylactic therapy. AB - Fifty-five children with nonfacial dog bites were prospectively studied. Patients were assigned to an experimental group receiving oral penicillin or a control group receiving local wound care only. Wounds were cultured for anaerobic and aerobic flora prior to cleansing. Results showed that most children were bitten on an extremity by a familiar dog, sustained simple injuries, and sought prompt medical attention. The overall infection rate was 3.6%, with one patient in each group developing an infection. The most frequently recovered organisms were normal skin flora. No Pasteurella multocida were isolated. Forty percent of cultures yielded potential pathogens. Despite this finding, initial cultures of dog bite wounds had no value in predicting subsequent infection. This study suggests that routine use of prophylactic penicillin is not required for simple nonfacial dog bites in children. PMID- 6680605 TI - Penetrating orbital trauma. AB - A small number of patients suffer penetrating injury to the orbit in the absence of trauma to the globe. Hospital records from the Jules Stein Eye Institute and affiliated hospitals were reviewed to obtain such cases. Five cases of penetrating orbital trauma, in which the globe was spared, are discussed. Many of the injuries initially appeared trivial but subsequent complications were severe. A review of these cases suggests that the shape and speed of the penetrating object, the anatomical location of the entry wound, and the physical characteristics of intraorbital structures determine the character and severity of orbital injuries. PMID- 6680606 TI - The spectrum of toxic shock syndrome. AB - The toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a newly-recognized entity caused by a Staphylococcal exotoxin and associated with the use of tampons for menstrual protection. Two cases are presented which demonstrate the spectrum of severity of the disease. The common nature of its early symptoms necessitates a high index of suspicion to preclude a progression to the later stages of the disease, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6680607 TI - Emergency medicine and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). The role of emergency medicine in undergraduate and graduate medical education. PMID- 6680608 TI - Rapidly progressive pneumonia in a young man. PMID- 6680610 TI - Antivenin therapy in the emergency department. PMID- 6680609 TI - Venous return in hemorrhagic shock after application of military anti-shock trousers. AB - The effect of Military Anti-Shock Trousers (MAST) on inferior vena cava blood flow was studied during graded hypovolemia using a pump reservoir system and an in-line electromagnetic flowprobe. During hemorrhagic shock MAST inflation increased cardiac output 25.4% ( CONTROL: 0.92 +/- 0.09 l/min) and arterial pressure 50% ( CONTROL: 60 +/- 2 mmHg). The so-called "autotransfusion" effect due to blood displacement from the lower part of the body into the central circulation was found to be only 4.3 +/- 0.6 ml/kg, a volume much less than previously estimated in the literature. We conclude that MAST inflation reliably improves cardiac output and systemic blood pressure above the diaphragm in dogs subjected to hemorrhagic shock. This effect is mainly due to a diversion of the cardiac output to the upper half of the body due to impedance of flow to the abdomen and lower extremities, rather than to a significant volume shift constituting an autotransfusion of blood from the lower part of the body. PMID- 6680611 TI - Cyanide poisoning treated with hyperbaric oxygen. PMID- 6680612 TI - Cerebral cortical perfusion during and following resuscitation from cardiac arrest in dogs. AB - Perfusion of the cerebral cortex during closed chest CPR in dogs, generating systolic pressures of 60 to 70 mmHg, is only 10% of pre-arrest blood flow. In contrast, internal cardiac massage produces normal cortical perfusion rates. Following a 20-min perfusion arrest, during pressure controlled reperfusion, cortical flow rates decay to less than 20% normal after 90 min of reperfusion. This appears to be due to increasing cerebral vascular resistance, and is not due to rising intracranial pressure. The post-arrest cortical hypoperfusion syndrome is prolonged with cortical flow remaining below 20% normal up to 18 hr post arrest. The use of a variety of calcium antagonists, including flunarizine, lidoflazine, verapamil, and Mg2+, immediately post-resuscitation maintains cerebral vascular resistance and cortical perfusion at normal levels. A prospective blind trial of the calcium antagonist lidoflazine following a 15-min cardiac arrest in dogs and resuscitation by internal massage, demonstrates amelioration of neurologic deficit in the early postresuscitation period. PMID- 6680613 TI - Earliest irreversible changes during ischemia. AB - The ability to synthesize new protein was used as a marker of irreversible neuronal injury in experiments with isolated rabbit retinas exposed to various types of ischemic insult. The retinal neurons were able to fully recover their protein synthetic capacity after 20 min of complete ischemic anoxia, but not after 30 min. There was better toleration to either isolated substrate deprivation or complete anoxia than to both together. Increasing extracellular Mg2+ prolonged toleration to complete ischemic-anoxia. Removing Ca2+ completely from the extracellular fluid exacerbated injury. Moreover, increasing extracellular volume improved toleration to the combined insult. This experiment suggests that injured neurons may elaborate cytotoxic compounds into the extracellular fluid. This suggestion was confirmed by further experiments demonstrating exacerbation of injury following minimum insults when the retina was incubated with other already extensively damaged tissue. PMID- 6680614 TI - Involvement of mitochondria in ischemic cell injury and in regulation of intracellular calcium. AB - Ischemia causes a pathological drop in the cellular energy state due to inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The reversibility of this condition depends on the damage to mitochondrial membrane-linked activities during the period of ischemia or during reoxygenation of the tissue. It is likely that the ischemia-induced damage is due to a combination of factors including an increase in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration, a triggering of phospholipase and protease activities, an increase in cellular free fatty acids, and a decrease in pH. Mitochondrial damage that occurs during reperfusion is probably a consequence of excessive mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation under adverse intracellular conditions. Mitochondria normally have an extremely high capacity for sequestering and buffering cytosolic Ca2+. However, during postischemic reperfusion these processes are inhibited due to existing conditions that potentiate Ca2+ uptake-induced irreversible mitochondrial damage. PMID- 6680615 TI - The role of calcium in cellular dysfunction. AB - In order to study the effects of substances with selective Ca2+ entry blocking properties which enhance the tolerance to ischemia by preventing a toxic calcium overload, attempts are made to localize calcium ultrastructurally. Under normoxic conditions, a mobile pool of Ca2+ is localized in synaptic vesicles and in mitochondria of brain cells; in mitochondria of cardiac, skeletal and vascular smooth muscle; and in the junctional SR of fast skeletal muscle. A plasmalemmabound pool of Ca2+ is present in cardiac and slow skeletal muscle. Ischemia or hypoxia induce marked shifts in calcium of both the mobile and the plasmalemma-bound pools. Cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondria scavenge huge amounts of calcium, especially during the reperfusion period following prolonged circulatory arrest. The membrane-bound Ca2+ is lost under these conditions. In the hypoxic brain, the amount of intracellular calcium clearly parallels the degree of damage. Observations made on peripheral and brain blood vessels show that high amounts of precipitated Ca2+ cover the myofilaments upon induction of spasm. The antispasmodic effect of the selective Ca2+-entry blockers flunarizine and lidoflazine is morphologically characterized by the absence of Ca2+ over the myofilaments in muscle treated as such whereas the extracellular Ca2+ remained the same. This observation indicates that the entry of Ca2+ is blocked at the level of the plasma membrane. In the heart and brain these drugs preserve the structural integrity of the plasmalemma-surface coat complex and thereby protect the cells against the devastating consequences of cellular calcium overload. PMID- 6680616 TI - The possible role of endogenous amphiphiles in the membrane abnormalities of ischemic and reperfused myocardium. AB - Calcium entry into cardiac cells is believed to be controlled by transmembrane voltage dependent, protein regulated "channels." The sarcoplasmic reticulum participates in the regulation of cytosolic calcium by ATP dependent Ca2+ sequestration during diastole, and by action potential stimulated calcium release. Massive calcium overloading occurs during reperfusion following myocardial ischemia. Calcium overloading activates phospholipases, which may activate another mechanism involved in lethal cellular injury, that is, the accumulation of long chain fatty acids and their derivatives. These compounds are soluble amphiphiles, and once liberated, they may insert into biological membranes and change membrane composition, physiology, and response to ions and drugs. Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were used as an in vitro model to study the effects of palmitic acid, oleic acid, and palmitylcarnitine on the ability of this membrane system to sequester calcium within the vesicles. In the absence of phosphate, palmitic acid enhanced the ability of the vesicles to sequester calcium. Oleic acid and palmitylcarnitine inhibited calcium sequestration. In the presence of phosphate palmitic acid also inhibited the sequestration of calcium by sarcoplasmic reticulum, although not as severely as oleic acid and palmitylcarnitine. These results suggest that the disturbances in cellular calcium homeostasis following ischemia may be due, in part, to the incorporation of accumulated long chain fatty acids into membranes. PMID- 6680617 TI - Tissue lactic acidosis and ischemic brain damage. AB - Current evidence suggests that the brain has considerable potential to tolerate prolonged periods of complete ischemic anoxia. Moreover, the brain may be less damaged by complete ischemic anoxia than by severe incomplete ischemia. The accumulation of lactic acid in the brain during severe incomplete ischemia approaches three times the levels seen with complete ischemic anoxia, and this phenomenon is implicated in exacerbated biochemical and structural injury. PMID- 6680618 TI - Free fatty acid accumulation in the pathogenesis and therapy of ischemic-anoxic brain injury. AB - Energy depletion and lactate are at plateau levels within five minutes of complete ischemic-anoxia in the brain; however, irreversible brain injury has not occurred in this time. Brain free fatty acids (FFA) rise sharply during the first five minutes of ischemic-anoxia, but then continue to rise during the following hour without plateauing. Barbiturate anesthesia preischemia attenuates the FFA rise. Other agents which also attenuate the FFA increase include, among others, phenytoin and Innovar. The Ca2+ antagonists flunarizine and gallopamil also attenuated FFA rise, but were not as effective as pentobarbital during ischemia. Protective effects of Ca2+ antagonists may be more important during recirculation than during ischemia. PMID- 6680619 TI - Pharmacologic inhibition of cerebral vasospasm in ischemia, hallucinogen ingestion, and hypomagnesemia: barbiturates, calcium antagonists, and magnesium. AB - Experiments indicate that several different calcium antagonists have vasodilatory properties which may be expressed selectively on different organ vascular beds. Verapamil was most active as a vasodilator in muscular microvasculature. Cerebral venules are most sensitive to nimodipine. Nisoldipine is inactive in cerebral vascular dilation. We have also studied the vasodilatory effects of several barbiturates. Pentobarbital is the most active cerebrovasodilator in this class of anesthetics. This agent inhibits the vasospastic activity of potassium, serotonin, and prostaglandins, and appears to be a calcium entry antagonist in vasculature. The hallucinogens phencyclidine, mescaline, and LSD all induce cerebral vasospasm. This can be either blocked or reversed with calcium antagonists. Magnesium is a competitive calcium antagonist, and alterations in the extracellular content of this ion have profound effects on cerebral vascular resistance. PMID- 6680620 TI - Neuronal survival and revival during and after cerebral ischemia. AB - Factors influencing survival of neurons during ischemia and neuronal revival after ischemia are reviewed. During ischemia, biochemical and electro physiological changes depend on residual blood flow rate: below 30 to 40 ml/100 g/min EEG amplitude decreases, below 18 ml/100 g/min spontaneous neuronal activity ceases, and below 10 ml/100 g/min cell membranes depolarize. Attempts to improve blood flow after middle cerebral artery occlusion with vasoactive drugs were not successful but there was an indication that the calcium antagonist nimodipine reduced ischemia-induced disturbances of ion homeostasis. Revival after ischemia depends mainly on post-ischemic hemodynamic factors, such as the no-reflow phenomenon or delayed post-ischemic hypoperfusion. No-reflow was successfully treated by induced hypertension, anticoagulation, and osmotherapy. Delayed post-ischemic hypoperfusion and the associated metabolic disturbances could not be ameliorated by either vasoactive drugs including prostacyclin, nor by metabolic inhibition with barbiturates and hypothermia. The disturbance of metabolic regulation of blood flow during post-ischemic hypoperfusion, therefore, remains one of the main problems of post-ischemic resuscitation. PMID- 6680621 TI - Cerebral resuscitation after cardiac arrest: summaries and suggestions. PMID- 6680622 TI - Cardiovascular collapse and pulseless idioventricular rhythm. PMID- 6680623 TI - New directions in the research and treatment of carbon monoxide exposure. PMID- 6680624 TI - Pediatric occult bacteremia. PMID- 6680625 TI - Emergency medicine in Belgium: past, present, and future. PMID- 6680626 TI - The polarization of emergency medical care. PMID- 6680627 TI - Toxathon: a new and effective method of toxicologic education. PMID- 6680628 TI - Service factors and health status of survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. AB - To determine how emergency service factors affect the health status of survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 424 survivors were studied six months later. The principal research tool was the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), a behaviorally based instrument for measuring sickness-related dysfunction. Time to initiation of care and time to definitive care were significantly related to dysfunction. The critical time intervals can be influenced by the manner in which communities provide emergency care. PMID- 6680629 TI - Transthoracic pacing in cardiac asystole. AB - A total of 139 patients had transthoracic pacemakers introduced via a subxiphoid approach for asystole during advanced CPR in the emergency department of a large urban teaching hospital over a calendar year. Two groups were examined retrospectively, A) 34 patients who presented asystolic, and B) 99 patients who presented with ventricular fibrillation that became asystole. Age, sex, and etiologies for cardiac arrest were similar in both groups; there were no survivors. The mean duration of asystole before pacemaker insertion was 4 min (group A) to 7 min (group B). Temporary electrical capture was obtained in six patients from group B, but electrical-mechanical association could not be achieved in any of these patients. PMID- 6680630 TI - The use of calcium in cardiac resuscitation. AB - All records of cardiac arrest patients presenting to the Tampa EMS system for the 24-month period of January, 1980, through December, 1982, were reviewed. Paramedics were given direct orders or standing orders to administer calcium intravenously or intracardiac in patients in ventricular fibrillation, asystole, or electromechanical dissociation. Of the 480 patients receiving calcium for the above conditions, only patients with electromechanical dissociation responded to calcium. Twenty-seven EMD patients responded positively with the immediate return of blood pressure and pulse. Fourteen of these patients arrived at the emergency department with stable vital signs; there were three long-term survivors. Adverse rhythm or rate changes were not noted following calcium use, and arrhythmias associated with digitalis excess were not seen in a small group of patients taking digoxin. Although long-term survivors are limited in this group of patients, positive hemodynamic responses were seen following calcium chloride administration in 10% of EMD patients and not at all in patients with asystole or ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 6680631 TI - The volume of a swallow: correlation of deglutition with patient and container parameters. AB - The study purpose was to evaluate the relationships between average volume of a swallow (AVS) and age, height, weight, sex, and container-opening diameter (COD) to confirm and expand the work of Jones and Work. Forty-five males and 50 females between two and 18 years of age were studied. Each subject drank five swallows from each of four containers. AVS for each subject under each condition was calculated and the joint relationship with the independent variables analyzed by multiple regression. Age, height, and weight were highly intercorrelated, and each had similar correlations with AVS. COD was important; between 24 and 90 months of age, swallows from the 6.5 cm COD had a three- or four-fold larger AVS than swallows from the 1.5 cm COD. Sex differences in AVS were noted in subjects over seven years of age. These findings suggest that determination of the child's age and number of swallows ingested may be useful in estimating the fluid volume ingested and the potential toxicity of an exposure. PMID- 6680632 TI - Esophageal perforation following use of esophageal obturator airway (EOA). AB - Esophageal perforation following use of the esophageal obturator airway (EOA) has been reported in a small number of patients. However, it has generally been discovered only in the presence of obvious clinical signs in patients otherwise resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Since it may well be overlooked in patients who succumb following the combined insult or primary cardiac arrest and secondary esophageal perforation, the true incidence of this adverse consequence of EOA use is unknown. We present a case of esophageal intubation with the EOA, and review in detail previous reported cases. We further suggest possible mechanisms leading to this catastrophic consequence of intubation with the EOA, and comment on its significance with regard to the controversy over EOA versus endotracheal (ET) tube training for paramedic pre-hospital personnel. PMID- 6680633 TI - Premonitory neurologic signs in a patient with an acute vertex epidural hematoma. AB - A case of an acute vertex epidural hematoma with delayed neurologic deterioration is presented. Prior to the onset of signs of midbrain compression, the patient developed an excrutiating headache, a movement disorder, and upper motor neuron signs. A review of the literature and this case suggest that the presence of a severe, unrelenting headache and upper motor neuron signs in a victim of head trauma may be secondary to compression of the parasagittal brain region by a vertex hematoma. PMID- 6680634 TI - Systemic toxicity following gasoline aspiration. AB - The major cause of mortality and morbidity associated with the ingestion of aliphatic hydrocarbon products is related to pulmonary aspiration. Despite the high frequency of the ingestions, there is little documentation of nonpulmonary toxic effects of petroleum distillates. Two cases of gasoline aspiration/ingestion that resulted in probable intravascular hemolysis are reported. In one of these cases, the patient also manifested a consumptive coagulopathy, acute renal failure and elevation of transaminase enzymes. With modern intensive pulmonary care, the outlook for patients with petroleum distillate aspiration is good, but any documented extrapulmonary manifestations of this condition may be important in the overall management of these patients. PMID- 6680635 TI - The incidence and prevention of meningitis after basilar skull fracture. AB - The survey of 1,077 consecutive skull fractures admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital between July 1, 1969 and July 1, 1979 were reviewed. One hundred sixty-eight basilar skull fractures (15.6%) were diagnosed according to clinical and radiological criteria. In 128 patients with basilar skull fracture but without CSF leak, two out of 65 patients (3.1%) who received prophylactic antibiotics developed meningitis in contrast to none of 63 patients who were treated. Nine of 15 patients with otorrhea developed meningitis regardless of treatment. Of 18 patients with rhinorrhea, 13 were treated with prophylactic antibiotics and were free of meningitis but 2 of 5 patients not treated (40%) did develop meningitis. The overall incidence of CSF leak was 20.8%. There is no clear evidence to demonstrate that prophylactic antibiotics are effective in general in reducing the incidence of meningitis after basilar skull fracture with active rhinorrhea. However, the difference in the incidence of meningitis between the treated and the untreated group was noteworthy though not statistically significant. Meningitis can develop despite antibiotic prophylaxis. Additional investigation and therapy should be considered whenever the clinical situation warrants. PMID- 6680636 TI - Atheromatous embolization. AB - Atheromatous emboli occur spontaneously or may be secondary to surgery or trauma. Thurlbeck and Castleman found a 77% incidence of atheromatous emboli to the kidney following the surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Atheromatous debris may be dislodged following aortography, renal arteriography, and left heart catheterization via the right femoral artery. External trauma, including hip fracture, external cardiac message, and blunt abdominal trauma have initiated peripheral atheromatous embolization. The incidence of this phenomenon may be higher than documented in the literature, since it is difficult to establish the diagnosis prior to death. Atheromatous emboli should be suspected clinically in elderly patients with sudden onset of pain and ischemia of the lower extremities or unexplained renal failure. At the present time, multiple atheromatous emboli may be treated symptomatically only. Muscle biopsy, retinal examination, and kidney biopsy may be used to differentiate atheromatous embolization from other clinical entities. PMID- 6680637 TI - Kawasaki's disease: another cause for fever in the pediatric patient. AB - The case of a four-year-old black male with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki's disease) is presented. The clinical as well as the laboratory criteria for diagnosis are illustrated and corrollated with the corresponding pathologic findings. Recommendations are made for the immediate disposition of patients encountered in the emergency department setting, and an outline for the long-term follow-up of the patient is presented. PMID- 6680638 TI - Broad QRS tachycardia: electrocardiographic diagnosis and management. AB - The diagnostic difficulties between supraventricular tachyarrhythmias with intraventricular conduction delay and ventricular tachycardia have challenged the physician since the first recording of a ventricular tachycardia by Lewis in 1909. The examples selected emphasize some of the diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas of "broad QRS tachycardias" and their major differential features from abberrancy. Multiple simultaneous surface ECG leads are valuable in showing the direction of the initial activation forces of the QRS complexes, the frontal QRS axis and the configuration of the QRS in lead V1. Vagal maneuvers and intra atrial or esophageal leads are very useful in demonstrating the underlying atrial rhythm and atrioventricular dissociation when present. In life-threatening situations, urgent therapy or D.C. cardioversion may be required before a definitive diagnosis has been established. In recent years electrode catheter techniques for the diagnosis, for arrhythmia induction and for the selection and assessment of the effectiveness of the antiarrhythmic drug therapy have been carried out in the management of recurrent broad QRS tachycardia. In view of the inherent risks with the use of this invasive technique, it should be restricted to a carefully selected number of patients with recurrent life-threatening dysrhythmias as suggested by Scheinman. PMID- 6680640 TI - Emergency airway control: its role in total CPR. PMID- 6680639 TI - Epiglottitis. PMID- 6680641 TI - Emergency medicine in Japan. PMID- 6680642 TI - Duration of residency training. PMID- 6680643 TI - On calcium in cardiac resuscitation. PMID- 6680644 TI - Endotracheal naloxone. PMID- 6680645 TI - Occlusive vascular disease in perinatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. PMID- 6680646 TI - Prediction of risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 6680647 TI - Changing pattern of drug utilization in a neonatal intensive care unit. AB - Drug exposures in neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in 1974 and in 1977 were compared. A significant increase in drug exposure (3.4 drugs per baby in 1974 versus 6.19 drugs in 1977) and in the total number of drugs used (71 versus 102 different drugs) were noted. The proportion of infants receiving no drugs were similar (23%). Infants given penicillin and kanamycin decreased by about 50% with a reciprocal increase observed with ampicillin and gentamicin. Except for a few drugs (chloramphenicol, methicillin, Infantol), all drugs were used in a greater number of babies in 1977. Data indicate increase in drugs used and a change in the pattern of drug utilization over a period of three years. PMID- 6680648 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous theophylline in pregnant patients at term. AB - The pharmacokinetics of theophylline was determined in six pregnant, nonsmoking women in labor at term following a single bolus infusion of 5.6 mg/kg of aminophylline over 20 minutes. Cord blood levels were obtained from three babies at delivery. Compared to values reported in the literature for nonpregnant adult nonsmokers, the volume distribution (mean 573 +/- 53 ml/kg) and clearance rate (mean .88 +/- .24 ml/kg/min) of theophylline is increased in pregnant women, but the half-life (mean 7.95 +/- 2 hrs) remains unaltered. Similar doses of aminophylline can therefore be used in pregnant and nonpregnant adults who do not smoke cigarettes, but the infusion rate required to maintain a mean serum concentration of 10 micrograms/ml (0.5 mg/kg/hr) is almost half that initially reported in the literature. The serum theophylline concentrations in maternal venous and mixed cord blood at delivery were almost identical, which implies that theophylline crosses the placenta rapidly and that the fetus represents a "shallow" drug compartment. PMID- 6680649 TI - Calcified neonatal adrenal hemorrhage: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. AB - We present the case of a premature infant in whom adrenal calcification was present at birth and postulate an etiology of in utero adrenal hemorrhage. The subject of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage is reviewed with respect to a reassessment of diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Ultrasonography and intravenous urography confirm the diagnosis and differentiate other retroperitoneal lesions. Adrenal hemorrhage is most often a self-limited process, and medical management results in uneventful recovery of almost all patients. PMID- 6680650 TI - Necrotizing enterocolitis in the asphyxiated full-term infant. AB - Five full term infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, confirmed histologically, presented in the first five days of life. All passed grossly bloody stools and three mucosal casts. Severe perinatal asphyxia with accompanying secondary hyperammonemia was present in all, and abnormal liver function studies were present in three. An awareness of the clinical characteristics of these infants may lead to their early identification and conservative management. PMID- 6680651 TI - Interaction of caffeine and continuous distending airway pressure in neonatal apnea. AB - The interactive effect of caffeine and continuous distending airway pressure was evaluated in two premature neonates with apnea. The application of a continuous negative pressure around the chest wall decreased minute ventilation in both infants and blunted the stimulatory effect of caffeine. This potential interaction should be considered if the desired effects of caffeine or distending airway pressure on apnea control are not achieved when they are used concurrently. PMID- 6680652 TI - Hyperbilirubinemia in breast-versus formula-fed infants in the first six weeks of life: relationship to weight gain. AB - Bilirubin determinations were obtained at weekly intervals from 1 to 6 weeks of age in 27 breast-fed and 12 formula-fed term, average size infants. Mean bilirubin levels were significantly higher in breast-fed infants at each age studied. The highest mean bilirubin level in each group was present at 1 week of age, 10.6 (+/- SD 4.6) mg/dl in breast-fed and 4.7 (+/- SD 3.0) mg/dl in formula fed infants. Thereafter, values gradually fell in both groups. Mean birthweight was not different between the two groups; however, breast-fed infants lost significantly more weight (4.8%) by the time of discharge than formula-fed infants (2.2%). Breast-fed infants remained significantly lighter in weight at 6 weeks of age. Analysis of variance and covariance revealed no significant correlation between body weight, weight change in grams or percent weight change, and bilirubin levels in either group. These data indicate that mean bilirubin levels are significantly higher in breast-fed infants compared with formula-fed infants from 1 to 6 weeks of age. Breast-fed infants also have a significantly greater weight loss during the first four days of life and remain lighter at 6 weeks of age; however, there is no relationship of weight loss to bilirubin levels. PMID- 6680653 TI - Localized pulmonary interstitial emphysema: treatment by bronchial occlusion. AB - Selective bronchial occlusion for the treatment of localized cystic pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) offers a means to facilitate weaning from ventilatory support and to preserve potentially functional lung parenchyma. We employed a commercially manufactured balloon catheter, placed under direct visualization to occlude a left mainstem bronchus in two cases of localized PIE. This is the safest method for selective bronchial occlusion so far reported. Therapeutic success was achieved with either continuous or intermittent bronchial occlusion. Evaluation of pulmonary function with nuclear scintigraphy aids in determining the most appropriate position for the occluding catheter and permits assessment of the resultant improvements in pulmonary function. PMID- 6680654 TI - Perinatal management of conjoined twins. AB - Thorough evaluation of all twin pregnancies is necessary if prenatal diagnosis of conjoined twins is to be made more often. Application of sonography, amniography, and amniocentesis is helpful in formulating prognosis, details of delivery, and subsequent assessment. Two-dimensional echocardiography, radionuclide scanning, computed tomography, and sonography are recently developed techniques for evaluation of the neonates. Detailed planning at all stages of care is essential. Interaction among medical personnel and the family is extremely important. PMID- 6680656 TI - Clinical implications of chromosomal inversions. A pericentric inversion in No. 18 segregating in a family ascertained through an abnormal proband. AB - Chromosomal inversions are being detected in humans with increasing frequency due to the application of chromosomal banding techniques. Inversions have occurred in all chromosomal groups. These structural aberrations may lead to infertility, reproductive loss, or abnormal offspring. To illustrate their clinical significance, we report a family in which an inversion in chromosome No. 18 is segregating. This family was ascertained through a proband whose anomalies were consistent with the deletion 18q syndrome. The chromosomal imbalance originated by recombination within the parental inversion during meiosis. Consideration of this family and 6 others with similar breakpoints (18p11 and 18q12 or q21) suggests that the risk of unbalanced (recombinant) livebirths may be higher for female inv(18) heterozygotes than for males. The paucity of male carriers detected could be due to prenatal selection or chance. Overall, there may be preferential segregation for the aberrant chromosomes (inversions plus recombinants). Amniocentesis and cytogenetic analysis of pregnancy losses is recommended for families in which inversions are detected. PMID- 6680655 TI - Bacterial growth in human milk during continuous feeding. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine both the time at which exponential growth of bacteria ensued in human milk during a continuous feeding and whether the fat content of the milk changed during a continuous feeding. Breast milk samples were obtained from 19 healthy lactating women between the 7th and 28th postpartum day. Nine samples were refrigerated and utilized in a simulated continuous feeding within 24 hours of collection. The remaining 10 samples were frozen for four to six weeks until use in the simulated feeding study. Bacterial colony counts and fat content (by creamatocrit) were then measured at the beginning of the simulated feeding and at hourly intervals from five to eight hours after the initiation of the study. Results indicated that logarithmic growth of the contaminating bacteria was not observed during the study time. No significant increase in total colony count was observed over the course of study in the frozen milk samples, whereas a significantly increased colony count was apparent by six hours for the fresh milk samples. Fat content of the milk decreased significantly within six hours for the frozen samples and within eight hours for the fresh milk. These data would suggest that when continuous drip feeding methods are employed for providing human milk to newborn infants, it may be desirable to change the entire feeding apparatus (syringe, tubing, and milk) at four hour intervals in order to optimize caloric intake and minimize the risk of bacterial overgrowth. PMID- 6680657 TI - Legal cases, government regulations, and clinical realities in newborn intensive care. PMID- 6680658 TI - Securing services for handicapped children below age five through early childhood direction centers. AB - Several years ago, the New York State Education Department, through its Office for Education of Children with Handicapping Conditions, initiated a network of Early Childhood Direction Centers to serve handicapped children below the age of five years, their parents, and the professionals who provide services to this population. Stimulated by observation of demonstration projects funded nationally by the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped (BEH) of the United States Office of Education, the purpose of the New York State Early Childhood Direction Center Network is to assist parents and professionals in matching the individual needs of young handicapped children to services within their regions. Parents or guardians of these children, local school districts, hospital programs, and other agencies can all request assistance from the direction centers in matching handicapped children from birth to five years to services. Direction centers, upon parental consent, report children identified as handicapped to local committees on the handicapped to assist school districts in keeping accurate census records and planning for programs. Direction centers also refer parents and professionals who require training to the state network of Special Education Training and Resource Centers (SETRC). In this way, resources supporting both the direction center and SETRC networks are used to their fullest extent. Direction centers are also a vital source of information about local services and special education for young handicapped children. PMID- 6680660 TI - Plasma protein polymorphisms in a puzzling Breton community, the Bigoudens. AB - A total of 386 and 393 members of a Breton community, in France, the Bigoudens, have been tested for polymorphisms of C3 and haptoglobin (Hp) plus Transferrin (Tf) respectively. An interesting observation was a gap between the observed and expected phenotype C3 frequencies. The Hp and Tf gene frequencies were not found to be closer to the other Celtic peoples than to the French and English populations. PMID- 6680659 TI - Screening for cytogenetic polymorphisms in a random sample of liveborn infants from Italian population. AB - The frequency of major and minor chromosome variants is studied in a random sample of newborns in Central Italy. Special attention is paid to the objective criteria used to evaluate minor variants. In our sample, the frequency of acrocentric chromosome variants is found to be unusually high compared with previous studies. Also, the distribution of C-band sizes differs from that reported for other populations, while the frequency of major chromosome variants is found to be the same. PMID- 6680661 TI - Dermatoglyphic pattern of the 9p syndrome. AB - Dermatoglyphic data on six cases of 9p syndrome (trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 9), compared with those from the published literature, are presented. Some dermatoglyphic features appear to recur in all cases, suggesting their use in diagnosis. PMID- 6680662 TI - Cytotoxicity of a non-HLA serum towards lymphocytes from blood group B, Lewis negative and ABH secretor individuals. AB - Seven serum samples from a multiparous Hispanic woman (Cano) were found to be lymphocytotoxic against 2% of the cell donors in a large multiethnic cell panel. The reactivity of these sera segregated independently of the HLA region. The lymphocytotoxicity of Cano sera appeared associated with the simultaneous presence of red cell antigen B, Le (a-b-), and ABH secretor status. It could be adsorbed out by red cells from Cano-reactors, but not by those from Cano-non reactors. Cano sera are clearly detecting a non-HLA antigen on lymphocytes. The exact relationship between this new immunogenetic system (Cano) and the ABO, Lewis and Secretor systems remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6680663 TI - Antigen Dd reactivity in selected diseases. AB - The distribution of detectable antibodies against antigen Dd has been studied in rheumatoid arthritis, goitre, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, gastrointestinal tract diseases, neurological diseases, liver and gall bladder diseases, breast cancer, respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Except in rheumatoid arthritis, breast cancer and nephrotic syndrome, where the incidence of antigen Dd-reactivity did not differ much from that in the control group, in all other disease it was significantly lower. PMID- 6680664 TI - [Primary malignant neoplasia of the exocrine pancreas: epidemiological findings, risk factors, early diagnosis. Personal case reports, 1970-1981]. AB - The Authors report their own casuistry of malignant tumours of exocrine pancreas, collected in the period from 1970 up to 1981. The question was of 214 cases, namely 136 of head and 78 of body-tail or diffused. The male/female ratio was 2.3:1, the most affected decades were 6th and 7th, with a range of 27-86 years. The resecability was 27% for tumours of head and 24% for those of tail; the operative mortality was 10.8% and 17.6% respectively; the survival after 3 years was 6.8% (head) and 5.8% (body-tail), after 5 years 6% (head) and zero (body tail). In analysing the etiopathogenetic role of some factors and some pathological associations, the Authors particularly point out the predisposing role of both tobacco smoke and diabetes, remarked in 50% and 33% of the cases observed, respectively. From a symptomatologic standpoint, the symptoms are subdivided into initial symptoms (retrospectively interpreted as first manifestation of the disease), symptoms of alarma (leading to the attending physician's), symptoms at the entrance (hospitalization), and importance is given to the exploitation of the initial symptoms for the purpose to reach a diagnosis as precocious as possible, since 40% of the tumours of head are hospitalized only after 8-16 weeks and 33% of the tumours of body-tail after 16-32 weeks from the arising of the first symptom. PMID- 6680666 TI - [Carcinoma of the common bile duct]. AB - The clinical courses of 18 patients with extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma operated on between 1960 and 1979 are reviewed retrospectively. The preoperative and intraoperative diagnostic difficulties due to marked peritumor sclerosis are pointed out. The location of the lesion appeared to bear the most important relationship to prognosis: the lesions located in the upper and middle thirds of the extrahepatic biliary system are often invasive of adjacent vascular structures and, hence, unresectable, necessitating a proximal biliary-enteric anastomosis or intubation to alleviate jaundice and pruritus. A more aggressive operative approach, however, will result in a higher survival rate, as shown in personal experience for lower third lesions resected by Whipple's procedure. PMID- 6680665 TI - [Cystic neoformations of the retroperitoneal space (4 case reports)]. AB - Based on the study of four cases of retroperitoneal cysts, the complex histopathogenesis of these neoplasms - the clinical diagnosis of which has recorded substantial progress thanks to the use of the computed tomography - has been analyzed. The practice of exeresis, though comparatively simple and radical in most cases (as recorded in 3 out of the 4 cases reported) owing to the little adhesions of these neoplasms to the contiguous anatomical formations and also to their histological benignity, may, in some instances, present such unexpected difficulties due to the expansion in volume and the complex and delicate anatomical connections, that palliative operations have to be opted for. PMID- 6680667 TI - [Pancreatic injuries]. AB - Twenty patients were operated on for pancreatic trauma from 1960 to 1980. 8 (40%), without ductal lesions, were treated by drainage alone; 4 (20%) by distal resection; 3 (15%) by duodenal diversion; 1 by pancreatoduodenectomy and 1 by an anterior Roux-en-Y pancreatojejunostomy. Penrose and sump drains was used in all patients. Mortality rate was 20% (4 p.). Pancreas related complications occurred in 7 p. (35%). Particular emphasis is placed on general principles of management of pancreatic injuries to decrease mortality and morbidity. PMID- 6680668 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm. Diagnostic problems and surgical therapy]. AB - The Authors show 10 cases of traumatic disruption of diaphragm, subsequent to close or open trauma, all subjected to urgency operation. They discuss the problems concerning diagnosis and surgical tactics, and point out the frequency of visceral and osseous associated lesions and their importance in conditioning prognosis. PMID- 6680669 TI - [Bilemia. Considerations apropos of a case]. AB - The Authors report a case of bilemia, a complication of hepatic biopsy. They analyse the physiopathogenetic problems and those of surgical tactics, and emphasize the importance of retrograde and/or interoperative cholangiography ii the diagnostics of such disease. PMID- 6680670 TI - [Esophago-gastro-enteric manifestations of scleroderma. Apropos of a clinical case]. AB - Starting from the observation of a case of scleroderma with oesophageal location, the Authors study the digestive troubles of such disease, and remark that, in some cases, the treatment with cimetidin can give good results as to symptomatology, in spite of the chronic evolution of the disease. PMID- 6680671 TI - [Unusual association of squamous and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid]. AB - The Authors report a case of thyroid squamous cell carcinoma associated to a counterlateral lobe follicular carcinoma, they had the opportunity to observe. The histogenetic hypotheses and problems of differential diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 6680672 TI - [Our experience in the surgical therapy of myasthenia gravis]. AB - The Authors, in the present work, describe the clinical and diagnostic features of Myasthenia Gravis, and, on the basis of their casuistry and the international scientific literature, remark the necessity of the surgical operation as the basic therapeutic chance for the resolution and improvement of the disease. PMID- 6680673 TI - [Case of stenosing carcinoid tumor of the terminal ileum associated with gallbladder empyema with perforation]. AB - The Authors report a case of stenosant carcinoid tumour of terminal ileum joined to biliary peritonitis due to perforation of gall-bladder empyema. After dealing the carcinoid and syndrome thereof, in the light of the study of literature, they show the case with some retrospective remarks, and frame it in the grolp of "little syndrome" carcinoid tumours. PMID- 6680674 TI - [Treatment of fractures of the ungual phalanges]. AB - An optimal treatment for the fracture of the 3rd phalanx, only, or with lesion of the ongle and skin, by means of Stack's monodigital splint is presented. PMID- 6680675 TI - [Neuralgia of the dorsal interosseous nerve]. AB - The Author refer about a pain syndrome of the wrist, characterized by nerve interosseous radial compression at carpal. A surgical enervation gives in all patients treated, a total remissione of pain. PMID- 6680676 TI - [Surgical treatment of kidney cancers invading the vena cava: reconstruction of the inferior vena cava using extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6680678 TI - [102 Greenfield filters. Technical problems and early results]. PMID- 6680677 TI - [Surgical approach and results in cervical myelopathies]. PMID- 6680679 TI - [Arterial complications in the thoracobrachial outlet syndrome. Surgical treatment of 38 cases]. PMID- 6680680 TI - [The treatment of choledocholithiasis. Closing of the discussion opened on 19 May 1982]. PMID- 6680681 TI - [Retrospective study of 384 resections for gastric cancer]. PMID- 6680682 TI - [Tendinous reconstruction with inguinal flaps]. PMID- 6680683 TI - [Liver injuries]. PMID- 6680684 TI - [Traumatic disinsertion of the diaphragm and thoracic hernia of the right kidney]. PMID- 6680685 TI - [Serious heparin-induced thrombopenia in the treatment of venous thrombosis of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6680686 TI - [Acute primary cholecystitis without lithiasis. Does it exist?]. PMID- 6680687 TI - [Luxation of hip prostheses]. PMID- 6680688 TI - Intrinsic myelin proteins are normally synthesized in vitro in the myelin deficient (mld) mutant mouse. AB - The synthesis of myelin basic protein is severely reduced in the central and peripheral nervous system of myelin-deficient (mld) mutant mice. Using an in vitro system and immunoprecipitation, we found a normal rate of synthesis in mld mice for two intrinsic myelin proteins: proteolipid protein in central nervous system myelin and P0 in peripheral nervous system myelin. These results indicate that protein synthesis on membrane-bound ribosomes is not affected by the mutation. PMID- 6680689 TI - Brain gangliosides during the life span (embryogenesis to senescence) of the rat. AB - The concentration of gangliosides, sialoglycoproteins and proteins was studied in the whole brains and single brain structures (cortex, olfactory bulb, corpora quadrigemina region equals midbrain, cerebellum, thalamic region and oblongated medulla) of female rats from 14 developmental stages ranging from day 8 of gestation to more than 3 years of age. The content of protein- and ganglioside bound neuraminic acid showed a peak at 3 weeks of age and then decreased with aging, whereas that of proteins increased until senescence. All over the life span the developmental profiles of 12 individual gangliosides in the different brain structures (cortex, corpora quadrigemina region approximately midbrain, cerebellum, thalamic region, medulla) and in whole brain samples were followed. There are distinct differences between the brain structures. Additionally each brain region is characterized by specific developmental ganglioside profiles. However, some ganglioside changes are common to all regions: GD3 in general is a marker for cell division and migration, whereas the polar ganglioside fractions GQ1b and GP1 are characteristic for nerve cell sprouting and arborization. Especially in the cortex GD1a seems to be the marker for synaptogenesis and GM1 and GM4 for myelination. The results were discussed in view of the main morphological patterns of differentiation. PMID- 6680690 TI - GABA, hypotaurine and taurine transport in brain slices from developing mouse. AB - The kinetics and sodium-dependence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), hypotaurine and taurine uptake were analyzed in cerebral slices prepared from mice of different postnatal ages. The maximal velocities of transport (V) and the Km constants for the high-affinity uptake all decreased with age, whereas the developmental changes in the low-affinity uptake were exactly opposite. Both high and low-affinity uptakes were sodium-dependent in all age groups. The general patterns of developmental changes were similar with all three amino acids, in keeping with the assumption of a common transport system for all of them. PMID- 6680692 TI - Symposium on pediatric emergencies. PMID- 6680691 TI - Anionic forms of brain arylsulfatase B: evidence for a phosphorylated form in man and monkey. AB - Arylsulfatase A, B and an anionic form of B were separated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography from the brains of man, monkey, rabbit, rat and chicken. The relative proportion of brain arylsulfatases differed from one species to the other. The anionic form of arylsulfatase B was a minor component as compared to arylsulfatase A or B in human and monkey brains while it was a major component in rat and chicken brains. Anionic arylsulfatase B was found in fetal human brains and in newborn monkey brain. In the rat brain, the activities of arylsulfatases A and anionic B showed an increasing trend during development, reaching a peak around 20 days after birth, without any change in their proportions. Treatment with Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase resulted in the conversion of a major portion (about 70%) of the anionic arylsulfatase B of human and monkey brains into a less charged form which remained unbound to DEAE-cellulose. This conversion by phosphatase was inhibited by inorganic phosphate. Rat and chicken brain anionic arylsulfatase B was not susceptible to alkaline phosphatase. Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase treatment did not significantly affect the charge on anionic arylsulfatase B from any of the species. The results suggested a phosphorylated form of anionic arylsulfatase B exclusively in the primate brain. PMID- 6680693 TI - The child with multiple injuries. AB - Information specific to the rapid resuscitation of pediatric patients is detailed and treatment of injury to specific systems, including the chest, abdomen, urinary tract, and diaphragm and esophagus, is described. PMID- 6680694 TI - Suicide in children and adolescents. AB - The suicidal child and adolescent present significant diagnostic and dispositional problems. The diagnosis and treatment of such patients by emergency room physicians are likely and essential. As precise a diagnosis as possible is critical to the appropriate treatment. Consultation with a psychiatric resource should be sought when any uncertainty exists. PMID- 6680695 TI - Child abuse and neglect. AB - The professional who must deal with child abuse has to resist the urge to punish the offenders and concentrate instead on seeking the best solution for the child. Guidelines for distinguishing child abuse from accidental injury are presented and management of the sexually abused child is detailed. PMID- 6680696 TI - Symposium on adult respiratory emergencies. PMID- 6680697 TI - Physiology of respiration. AB - Patients with significant respiratory disease are evaluated daily by emergency physicians. Understanding the principles of respiratory physiology and pathophysiology provides the basis for the diagnosis and management of patients with respiratory disease. PMID- 6680698 TI - Vaginal spermicides, chromosomal abnormalities and limb reduction defects. AB - Each year, 300,000-600,000 U.S. women become pregnant while using vaginal spermicides. Two recent reports hypothesized that offspring from these pregnancies are at increased risk of certain birth defects, particularly limb reduction defects and such chromosomal abnormalities as Down syndrome. In a case control analysis of data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), we studied the teratogenicity of spermicides by comparing their use around the time of conception by mothers of infants with chromosomal abnormalities and limb reduction defects to their use by mothers of infants with birth defects that have not been linked to spermicides. The results do not support the hypothesis that spermicides are teratogenic. For infants whose mothers used spermicides at the time of conception, the relative risk of having Down syndrome was 1.2 and that for other chromosomal abnormalities was also 1.2. The relative risk of limb reduction defects among infants exposed to spermicides in the first trimester was 1.0. None of these risks is statistically significant. PMID- 6680699 TI - Contraception and fertility in the Netherlands. AB - At the beginning of the 1960s, the Netherlands was basically a conservative society, in which there was little public discussion of birth control or of any sex-related topic. Then, beginning in the 1960s, a series of revolutionary changes in attitudes transformed the Netherlands. The pill was introduced in 1964, and within four years, four out of 10 Dutch women between the ages of 21 and 34 had used it. In 1971, the pill and sterilization were both made available free of charge through the national health insurance plan. By 1974, three quarters of currently married women 20-42 years of age had ever used the pill, and by 1981, more than 700,000 men and women of reproductive age had had voluntary sterilizations, so that approximately 20 percent of all Dutch couples of reproductive age were protected from pregnancy by sterilization. As might be expected, the wide use of effective contraceptive methods during the late 1960s and the 1970s produced an unprecedented fertility downturn in the Netherlands: The crude birthrate fell from about 20 births per 1,000 population in 1965 to 13 per 1,000 in 1975; the total fertility rate fell from 3.1 births per woman in 1960 to 1.7 in 1975. The birthrate and the abortion rate among teenagers both declined during the 1970s; since sexual activity among teenagers was far more common at the end of the decade than at the start of it, the decline suggests that teenagers used modern contraceptive methods, especially the pill, effectively. At present, contraceptives are widely available, usually at no cost, throughout the Netherlands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6680700 TI - Institutional factors affecting teenagers' choice and reasons for delay in attending a family planning clinic. PMID- 6680702 TI - Vasectomy--an international appraisal. PMID- 6680701 TI - When does personhood begin? PMID- 6680703 TI - [Detection and treatment of xerostomy]. PMID- 6680704 TI - [Aeromedical evacuation during the Yom Kippur war]. PMID- 6680705 TI - [Cutaneous complications of coumadin therapy]. PMID- 6680706 TI - [Post-traumatic acute epidural and chronic subdural hematomas diagnosed by echoencephalography]. PMID- 6680707 TI - [Complete A-V block induced by Swan-Ganz catheter in complete left bundle branch block]. PMID- 6680708 TI - [Megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B 12 deficiency with normal Schilling test]. PMID- 6680709 TI - [Immunological markers in acute leukemia and their use in typing and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6680710 TI - [Hazards of alcoholism]. PMID- 6680711 TI - [Oral contraceptives and menopausal estrogens in relation to breast neoplasia]. PMID- 6680713 TI - [Teaching history of medicine in medical schools]. PMID- 6680712 TI - [Dental caries in 5-6-year-old children]. PMID- 6680714 TI - [Alcohol and coronary heart disease]. PMID- 6680715 TI - [The possible control of acute viral gastroenteritis]. PMID- 6680716 TI - [Palmar hyperhidrosis--surgical treatment]. PMID- 6680717 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea]. PMID- 6680718 TI - Second cancer in relation to radiation treatment for cervical cancer. International Radiation Study Group on cervical cancer. PMID- 6680719 TI - A brief review of the use of both tympanometric pressure equalization and middle ear function in assessing eustachian tube patency. AB - This paper reviews recent studies on the tympanometric assessment of Eustachian tube patency involving the traditional technique of assessing pressure equilibration plus the analysis of changes in middle-ear ability to transmit energy through its system (middle-ear function). Normative data in the literature on 89 pediatric ears and 48 adult ears are discussed. The data illustrated a significant loss of information if pressure change is measured without consideration of middle-ear function change. Recommendations for the clinic are given and the need stated for extending such work to the pathological ear. PMID- 6680720 TI - An approach to the study of attentional components in auditory tasks. AB - Some investigators have proposed a number of strategies or components of attention based on the analysis of the demands or requirements of certain laboratory tasks. The present investigation approached the analysis of auditory and visual attention from a different perspective. Volunteers (14 F, 27 M) from the health professions were given two widely-used auditory attentional tasks (remembering taped word lists, and shadowing, in monaural, binaural, and dichotic modes) and three visual tests (Stroop color-word tests, embedded figures, and anagrams) that appear to tap important aspects of attentional functioning; 18 indices of aspects of performance were taken from or derived from scores on these tests. Strong, significant r's emerged for a number of paired variables, suggesting that performance in these tasks share common elements. A principal factor analysis performed on the correlation matrix yielded a remarkably clean solution that uncovered four common sources for the variation observed in performance: Factor I identifies an aspect of attention tapped whenever distractions must be overcome; II is involved in continuously tracking or monitoring semantic aspects of connected material; III is an "executive" function that maintains or controls other aspects of attention; IV can be labeled breadth of attention, dealing with opposite aspects of the same underlying mechanism. These appear to be attentional components that underlie performance even in tasks that impose dissimilar demands or that have been interpreted as engaging different aspects of the attentional system. The factor analysis also provided some tentative answers for questions related to the comparability of different auditory tasks and of different aspects of performance for the same task. PMID- 6680721 TI - Environmental noise and children: review of recent findings. PMID- 6680722 TI - Vocal suppression as a neonatal response to auditory stimuli. AB - Medically normal neonates in a hospital were tested (mn age: 37.5 hrs old) under two prestimulus states, calm and crying. One group of 15 Ss was randomly assigned to a condition in which a 4-min tape of a woman's voice at 80 db SPL was presented. The other group of 15 Ss was presented with a tape of random noise for 4 min. There were 4-min control tests in each state with no stimulus presentation. Two observers independently timed crying episodes. In the calm state, there was no difference within the speech group between the speech and the control conditions; however, the random-noise group cried significantly less during the noise than in the control. In the crying state, both groups cried significantly less during the stimulus than in the control, noise being significantly superior as a suppressor. There is the possibility that neonates suppress reflexive crying in the presence of an auditory stimulus the better to listen. This possibility may be useful in some phase of screening neonatal hearing sensitivity. PMID- 6680723 TI - Effects of two procedural modifications of the frequency of false-alarm responses during pure-tone threshold determination. AB - In normal-hearing young adults without tinnitus, HTLs were collected using 5-db steps, and false alarms (FA's) noted, at octaves from .25-8 kc/s either in quiet or in a white noise background set at 15 db sensation level for each S. In Exper. I (N:10), the ascending and descending modes did not yield significantly different numbers of FA's in quiet; in noise, FA's increased significantly vs the quiet condition in the ascending but not in the descending modes, while in noise, furthermore, FA's increased significantly for the ascending vs the descending mode. In a similar Exper. II (N:10), the 4 combinations (single- and pulsed-tone presentations, ascending and descending modes) showed that FA's were significantly fewest with a descending, pulsed-tone technique. It was recommended that when FA's pose a problem when using the ascending mode, single-tone technique (ASHA guidelines), the clinician change to the descending, pulse-tone technique to reduce FA's by increasing the stimulus certainty under difficult listening circumstances. PMID- 6680724 TI - Distinct responses of 3T3-L1 cells to dihydroteleocidin B and the phorbol ester tumor promoters: relation to adipocyte differentiation, DNA synthesis and cell division. AB - We have recently shown that an indole alkaloid tumor promoter, dihydroteleocidin B (DHTB) is significantly different from the phorbol ester tumor promoters such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in its potency and mode of inhibiting the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells (1). DHTB almost completely inhibited the differentiation induced by dexamethasone (DEX) and 1 methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (MIX) regardless of when the tumor promoter was added: before, during, or after the addition of inducers. Similar inhibition was observed by TPA with over 90% less efficiency and only when it was added during the inducer treatment. Both DHTB and TPA stimulated DNA synthesis to the same level during the initial 22 hr. The DNA synthesis of resting 3T3-L1 cells triggered by DHTB resulted in cell division, whereas TPA-stimulated DNA synthesis did not facilitate cell division. This observation is in sharp contrast to the previous findings that both DHTB and TPA stimulate a number of growth-arrested fibroblasts (2), including Swiss/3T3 from which 3T3-L1 cells were derived, to initiate DNA synthesis and undergo cell division (3). In order to further clarify this point we attempted to isolate cell variants which were no longer responsive to the mitogenic action of DHTB. Among 14 variant lines isolated, we found two stable variant lines, 1-2 and 2-3, whose DNA synthesis was not initiated by DHTB. DNA synthesis of another variant line, 3-4, was stimulated by DHTB but not followed by cell division. From these findings it is proposed that the modes of action of DHTB and TPA are similar in triggering DNA synthesis of G1-arrested 3T3 L1 cells, but DHTB can further act on 3T3-L1 cells at a point during or after S phase to stimulate events of mitosis. PMID- 6680725 TI - Increase in frequency of appearance of cadmium-resistant cells induced by various tumor promoters; evidence for the induction of gene amplification. AB - When Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells were cultured in medium containing 25 microM cadmium chloride, resistant cells appeared at a frequency of 0.04%. When one of three tumor promoters, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), aplysiatoxin and dihydroteleocidin B, was added during selection with cadmium chloride, the frequency of appearance of resistant cells increased more than 50 fold. Two of the resistant clones obtained were characterized. Both clones produced much higher levels of metallothionein I mRNA than the parental CHL cells. Southern blot analysis showed that in these resistant cells, metallothionein I genes were amplified approximately 5-fold. Therefore, it seems that tumor promoters can enhance the frequency of gene amplification. One possible mechanism of the action of tumor promoters in oncogenesis is amplification of activated c-onc genes. Consistent with this idea, it has been reported that c-onc genes are amplified in various cancer cells. We also found that the c-Ha-ras and c-myc genes were amplified in a bladder cancer removed surgically and in a transplanted rat hepatocellular carcinoma, Morris hepatoma 7794A, respectively. PMID- 6680726 TI - In vitro studies of the possible mechanisms whereby tumour promoters mediate their responses. AB - Carcinogenesis is commonly considered to be a multi-step process, comprising "initiation" and "promotion" events. Skin fibroblasts from patients with hereditary retinoblastoma (RB) and familial polyposis coli (FPC) were chosen for study since their predisposition to the tumour may be due to an inherited "initiation" event which is present in every somatic cell. Thus, one might predict that skin fibroblasts from these patients might exhibit an increased susceptibility to in vitro transformation, by either tumour promoters alone or by the complete carcinogen, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). In the case of skin fibroblasts from RB patients, transformation as measured by the ability of cells to grow in semi-solid medium and their migration in collagen gels, did not occur with either class of agent. However, experiments involving skin fibroblasts from FPC patients, showed these cells to grow in semi-solid medium following treatment with the tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) alone, although their pattern of migration in collagen gels was unchanged and they were non-tumorigenic in nude mice. The clones which grew in semi-solid medium were also unaltered in terms of their migration in collagen gels and tumorigenicity in nude mice and were considered not to be completely transformed. These results are discussed in relation to theories that tumour promoters are only involved in cell selection and clonal expansion of initiated cells a second "mutational" event being required for complete transformation. PMID- 6680727 TI - Progression of mouse thymic leukemias in thymic microenvironments. AB - Mouse thymic leukemogenesis has been assumed to occur in multiple steps corresponding to the stages of normal T-cell lineage development. One of the roles of the thymus in leukemogenesis is to provide permissive microenvironments for the progression of developing leukemias from thymus-dependent to independent growth. We have devised a method to consistently isolate the symbiotic complex of leukemia cells and thymic epithelium-like stromal cells from primary leukemic thymuses. In such complexes, leukemia cells were able to proliferate in close association with thymic stromal cells in pseudoemperipolesis, i.e., a unique form of cell interaction which we defined. In normal thymus, subcapsular zone blasts, mitotically active early thymic lymphocytes, were able to form similar complexes with thymic stromal cells, but this property was lost as they differentiated into cortical small lymphocytes. These observations indicate that the stage of intrathymic progression of leukemias is critically linked with the stage of subcapsular zone blasts of normal thymic lymphopoiesis. Mechanism and regulation of the complex formation was analyzed by an in vitro assay. We found that many thymic microenvironment-dependent leukemia cells were reversibly stimulated to proliferate by various tumor-promoters sharing a cellular receptor for phorbol esters. Without support by adequate stromal cells or a tumor promoter, leukemia cells rapidly ceased to grow and died. The degree of growth stimulation was well correlated with their tumor-promoting activity in mouse skin. Action of tumor promoters on microenvironment-dependent leukemias seemed to be direct rather than mediated by lymphokines. Another remarkable effect of tumor promoters was their inhibition of complex formation, presumably by affecting the cytoskeleton. PMID- 6680728 TI - L-Isoleucine and L-leucine are promoters of bladder cancer in rats. AB - We developed a short term assay for screening promoters of bladder cancer. This assay, in which maintenance of concanavalin A-agglutination of isolated rat bladder cells induced by subcarcinogenic treatment with bladder carcinogen is measured, suggested the possible promoting effects of L-isoleucine, L-leucine, D tryptophan, and L-valin. Long term in vivo carcinogenesis experiments were carried out on L-isoleucine and L-leucine and it was shown that both were, in fact, promoters of bladder cancer in rats. PMID- 6680729 TI - Modification of chemical carcinogenesis by antioxidants. AB - The effects of the antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ethoxyquin (EQ), and sodium L-ascorbate (SA) on two stage chemical carcinogenesis were investigated in male F344 rats initiated with N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine (EHEN), N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) or N-methylnitrosourea (MNU). BHA was given in diet at a dose level of 0.5 or 2.0%, BHT at 1.0%, SA at 5.0% and EQ at 0.8% for 29-51 weeks. Complete autopsy was performed at sacrifice and organs were examined histologically for the presence of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. All of the antioxidants tested exerted a positive influence on the development of BBN- or MNU-initiated bladder carcinogenesis. Similarly, these chemicals tended to enhance the appearance of forestomach tumors although the data gained after BHT administration were not significant. In clear contrast, no effect was observed on glandular stomach carcinogenesis and, with the exception of SA, the antioxidants all showed inhibition of the development of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the liver. EQ increased the occurrence of renal adenoma in EHEN-treated rats. Clear differences were observed with respect to the modification of thyroid carcinogenesis after MNU initiation, BHT demonstrating strong promotion activity whereas BHA and SA had no effect. Thus organ specificity, with regard to both direction of modification and to the effects of individual antioxidants was apparent, this intriguing finding offering hope for the development of future experimental approaches for elucidation of the mechanisms underlying chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 6680730 TI - Analysis of blood and tissue for amoxapine and trimipramine. AB - A method for the identification and quantitation of two tricyclic antidepressants, amoxapine (Asendin) and trimipramine (Surmontil) is presented here. Samples were extracted with hexane at pH 10, back-extracted with 1.0N sulfuric acid. The acidic layer was adjusted to pH 10 and re-extracted with hexane. Electron impact mass spectra were obtained. The base peak and molecular ion for amoxapine were at m/z 245 and 313, respectively. The base peak and molecular ion for trimipramine were at m/z 58 and 294, respectively. There were three forensic toxicology cases involving amoxapine in Cook County, IL, in 1980 and 1981. The concentrations of amoxapine in blood for these three cases were 1.66 mg/L, 7.16 mg/L, and 2.95 mg/L, respectively. PMID- 6680731 TI - Detection and analysis of aminoparathion in human postmortem specimens. AB - Postmortem samples from two fatalities involving parathion ingestion were examined. Parathion could not be detected in the liver tissue but a significant quantity of a related compound was detected. This was shown to be aminoparathion, a biotransformation product of parathion. The substances were extracted with hexane and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography on a 3% OV-210 column. Thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry were also performed. The transformation of parathion to aminoparathion in human tissue has not been previously reported. PMID- 6680732 TI - Deaths related to propoxyphene or codeine or both. AB - Ninety-nine deaths involving propoxyphene or codeine or both were investigated through interviews with surviving relatives and associates. The criterion for admission to this study was the presence of propoxyphene or codeine in the body fluids or tissues, determined analytically. The codeine-related group included more ethnic minority persons, more histories of primary drug addiction, more users of street drugs, and more accidental deaths. In the propoxyphene-related group there were fewer histories of drug addiction and more persons with mental illness and more suicides. Most victims had considerable past experience with one or both of the drugs and other drugs as well. Propoxyphene was usually obtained by physician prescription. Codeine was often obtained illegally. PMID- 6680733 TI - Proficiency testing in forensic toxicology: a feasibility study. AB - This study has shown that a national proficiency testing program in forensic toxicology is feasible. Samples that resemble typical case specimens were prepared and shipped to approximately 100 laboratories. Participation varied between 61 and 73%. Tissue samples obtained from laboratory animals can be used to simulate those encountered by forensic toxicologists. This has been demonstrated using liver homogenates from animals administered pentobarbital and methaqualone and propoxyphene and acetaminophen. There was a large coefficient of variation however, for the quantitation of acetaminophen in liver. The qualitative data obtained during the course of this study showed a very low incidence of false positives. However, there was a disappointingly low percentage of positive responses for (a) low concentrations of secobarbital and (b) the opiate narcotics (morphine and codeine) in blood, despite the fact that sensitive immunoassay procedures are available for detecting these particular compounds in blood samples. The quantitative determination of drugs and metabolites, other than ethanol, shows wide interlaboratory variation. This variation is presumably not a result of the use of different analytical techniques, since gas liquid chromatography was used by the majority of participants to quantitate drugs and metabolites. Forensic toxicologists are willing to participate in a voluntary proficiency testing program conducted by an independent agency. The performance data developed in this study can serve as a baseline for current forensic toxicology laboratory functional capability in the assessment of future changes and improvements in analytical forensic toxicology. PMID- 6680734 TI - Summary of skeletal identification in Tennessee: 1971-1981. AB - Records of 111 forensic anthropology cases from Tennessee received from September 1971 through September 1981 are analyzed. Thirty percent of the cases in which no identification existed when the skeleton arrived were positively identified and an additional "probable" identification was made in 11%. The skull or skull bones were the most common element recovered followed by femora, mandibles, and innominates, in that order. The sternum was the single major postcranial bone least likely to be recovered. January has been the single busiest month for the discovery of skeletal remains in Tennessee, and there are almost twice as many fire-related discoveries between September and February. In the first half of the decade, from 1971 through 1978, there were 39 cases with 72 cases occurring from 1977 through 1981. This increase is probably because of efforts to educate students at the University of Tennessee as well as lectures to law enforcement and citizens' groups. PMID- 6680735 TI - Determination of sex with a discriminant analysis of new pelvic bone measurements: Part I. AB - The pelves of 100 black skeletons were measured on both sides for the following: (1) length from the superiormost aspect of the pubic symphysis to the nearest rim of the acetabulum (PS-A), (2) length from the highest point of the pubic tubercle to the nearest rim of the acetabulum (PT-A), (3) acetabular diameter (AD), (4) the vertical distance from the anterior aspect of the ischial tuberosity to the farthest rim of the acetabulum (IT-A), and (5) greatest femur head diameter. From these, three indices were derived: AD/PS-A (acetabulum/pubis index), AD/PT-A (acetabular diameter/pubic tubercle-acetabular rim index), and IT-A/PS-A (ischium acetabulum height/pubic symphysis-acetabular rim index). The left AD/PS-A ratio and left IT-A height proved statistically to be of greatest discriminating value. Using these two variables, a discriminant function was derived which, followed by sorting with femur head diameter, accurately classified 97% of our sample. The acetabulum/pubis index alone with subsequent sorting by femur head diameter correctly assigned 96% of our sample. While this does not represent an improvement of predicatability over similar methods using the ischium/pubis index, measurements required for the acetabulum/pubis index are more easily defined and should, therefore, reduce the chance of observer error. PMID- 6680736 TI - The clandestine drug laboratory situation in the United States. AB - Clandestine, or illegal, laboratories are operated by the criminal element to circumvent legal requirements with the goal of supplying drugs of abuse to the illicit market. Investigation of clandestine drug manufacturing laboratories is a high priority of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) because elimination of these laboratories will prevent drugs of abuse from reaching the illicit drug traffic. One of the important responsibilities of forensic chemists assisting in investigations of clandestine drug laboratories is to be familiar with the methods of synthesis being used by clandestine laboratory operators. A review of clandestine laboratory seizures during the period of 1978 through 1981 will be provided to familiarize forensic chemists with current information on the types of laboratories being seized in the United States and the methods of synthesis being used. PMID- 6680737 TI - Misclassification probability of dental discrimination functions for sex determination. AB - Misclassification probability of dental discriminant functions for sexing American whites was evaluated using three verification procedures. These validation techniques involved sample resubstitution, jackknife classification, and use of a holdout sample. Resulting discriminant score distributions yielded correct classifications ranging between 65 and 81% depending upon the particular tooth combinations selected. Dental discriminant functions are applicable to forensic science cases if used with caution. PMID- 6680738 TI - Criminal identification comparison: aural versus visual identifications resulting from a simulated crime. AB - This research was undertaken to investigate and contrast visual and aural/perceptual identifications of a previously unknown individual from a set of photographic and tape-recorded exemplars following a simulated crime. All participants were volunteers for the "criminal," the victim of an "assault," and all suspects drawn from a Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) class; the "witnesses" were 61 students in a law class. The student/witnesses were divided into four groups. Group A made three identifications (serially) one day, one week, and two weeks after the crime took place. Group B saw the photographs and heard the tapes only once a week after the incident, and Group C only after two weeks had elapsed. Witnesses in a fourth group (D) followed the same schedule as did Group A; however, they were presented with foils similar in appearance and speech to the criminal. Group D was presented both the foil and criminal in the photographic lineup at the final judging session. The results demonstrated that visual identification can be quite accurate although not consistently or predictably so. By contrast, aural/perceptual identifications were relatively poor. No strong trends for latencies were observed, either for repeated trials or for procedures involving different initiation latencies; nor did confidence levels appear to be related to accuracy of judgment. Finally, when a similar looking foil was included in the identification task, there was a weak trend for the foil to be chosen more often in subsequent trials. These results support the position that eyewitness--and especially earwitness--testimony should be viewed by judges and juries with greater caution than has been the case in the past; by appropriate instructions, juries should be given assistance in interpreting and in assigning appropriate weight to this kind of testimony. PMID- 6680739 TI - Lactic acid concentrations in vitreous humor: their use in asphyxial deaths in children. AB - Lactic acid concentrations in brain tissue of humans have been shown to increase with an extended agonal period. Infants and children dying from various causes are undergoing different stress conditions terminally and the postulate of this study is that natural death cases and traumatic asphyxia cases are characterized by varying agonal periods, the former being somewhat prolonged with the latter being rather brief. One-hundred-and-two cases of infants and children were examined for vitreous humor lactic acid concentrations. They were divided into two major categories, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and non-SIDS cases. SIDS was further divided into SIDS without additional findings and SIDS with secondary findings which contributed to death. The non-SIDS category included traumatic asphyxia cases as well as those dying from blunt trauma, known respiratory diseases, and other causes. Categorical mean values and standard deviations were calculated. The vitreous humor lactic acid mean value for traumatic asphyxia was significantly lower than the mean value for SIDS. Also the mean value for known respiratory diseases was statistically lower than the mean value for SIDS with secondary findings. These findings are probably suggestive of agonal time differences and may be a reflection of the various mechanisms of death. PMID- 6680740 TI - A capillary tube method for the Lewis typing of red blood cells. AB - A simple and inexpensive capillary tube procedure, which can be applied in the forensic science laboratory, is described for the detection of the Lewisa (Lea) and Lewisb (Leb) antigens on red blood cells. This procedure will permit approximately 4000 tests to be performed from a single 2-mL bottle of Lewis antiserum. PMID- 6680741 TI - Antemortem chemical hypothyroxinemia. AB - Based on reports of hypothyroidism in intensive care unit patients, a preliminary study was instituted in which 40 patients coming to autopsy, with no history of thyroid disease, were studied to include gross and microscopic study of the thyroid gland and the performance of thyroid function tests on all serum specimens submitted within seven days of death. Initial studies show that with the exception of sudden cardiac death, all of the autopsy patients showed evidence of chemical hypothyroxinemia within three days preceding death without any histologic abnormalities of the thyroid gland. Thyroid function tests were subsequently studied of decedents and survivor controls matched for age, sex, disease, and stage of disease if applicable. The findings were similar. PMID- 6680742 TI - Morphine in lymph nodes of heroin users. AB - During the autopsy of heroin users, the most consistent morphologic finding is the enlargement of hepatic lymph nodes. Nodes from seven heroin addicts were analyzed for morphine and a concentration range of 0.02 to 0.87 mg/100 g was found. Morphine was detected in all of the nodes examined and the concentration was generally higher than that in the blood. PMID- 6680743 TI - A case of suicide involving the concomitant intravenous injection of barbital and oral ingestion of arsenic. PMID- 6680744 TI - Rib spreader laceration: a confusing artifact of emergency thoracotomy. AB - During emergency thoracotomy, an artifactual injury complex consisting of laceration, abrasion, and, rarely, contusion may be formed by application of a surgical instrument called a rib spreader. Six cases demonstrating this confusing injury are presented, and its formation is discussed. PMID- 6680745 TI - Radiographic identification of charred human remains through use of the dorsal defect of the patella. PMID- 6680746 TI - Russian roulette with a knife. AB - The following case report describes an accidental stabbing that occurred on Halloween. The unwitting victim, while preparing for a holiday charade, stabbed himself with an ornamental dagger. By placing himself in a potentially hazardous situation, the victim's behavior entailed risk taking. The psychological implications of such risk taking are complex, and may be compared to such behaviors as russian roulette, gambling, and parasuicide. PMID- 6680747 TI - An unsuccessful murder. AB - The victim of an attempted murder, who was shot in the head by her husband, survived when the bullet failed to penetrate her skull, apparently because he had scored the bullet twice across its nose and used an outdated power charge. The husband succeeded in killing himself with a second shot. PMID- 6680748 TI - Analytical studies on illicit heroin. I. The occurrence of O3-monoacetylmorphine. AB - A thin-layer chromatographic method and a high pressure liquid chromatographic method have been developed for the analysis of O3-monoacetylmorphine in illicit heroin samples. The possible formation of O3-monoacetylmorphine during the production process of heroin and during its hydrolysis were also studied using these methods. PMID- 6680749 TI - Analytical studies on illicit heroin. II. Comparison of samples. AB - A rapid method for the comparative analysis of illicit heroin samples has been developed. It is based on high pressure liquid chromatography using an ultraviolet and a fluorimetric detector simultaneously. The two detectors give so much information that reliable conclusions can be made. PMID- 6680750 TI - Psychodiagnostic testing of sex offenders: a comparative study. AB - Two groups of offenders, one charged with sex crimes as well as with crimes of larceny, and the other charged with sex crimes only, are compared with respect to their demographic characteristics and their intelligence and diagnostic classification as determined via psychological testing. PMID- 6680751 TI - Anatomical distribution of human bite marks in a series of 67 cases. AB - A study was made of the anatomical distribution of human bite marks, as well as their distribution by age of victim and type of crime involved. Bite marks in this study occurred primarily in sex-related crimes, child abuse cases, and cases involving other types of physical altercations. Bite marks were found on virtually all areas of the body, with more than one bite mark on 40% of the victims. Female victims were most commonly bitten on the breasts, arms, and legs, while male victims were most commonly bitten on the arms and shoulders. PMID- 6680752 TI - Self-mutilation and private accident insurance. AB - During the past few years in the Federal Republic of Germany, there has been a continuous increase in deliberate self-inflicted damage with the aim of defrauding insurance companies. This paper concerns itself with amputations of the finger(s) caused by axes, electric saws, and blunt force. The difficulty of proving an intentional injury is shown, and suggestions for a procedure for making a report are given. PMID- 6680753 TI - Committee on Accreditation of Fellowships in Forensic Psychiatry. PMID- 6680754 TI - Suicide by motor vehicle. AB - Five suicides by motor vehicle drivers are reported. Possible frequency of such incidents and methods for their investigation, as well as patterns and characteristics of suicidal behavior, are discussed. Published reports of suicide by motor vehicle are scarce. Proven cases should be reported by medical examiners and coroners to help establish the patterns of such deaths. PMID- 6680755 TI - Toxicological and pathological findings in fatalities involving pentazocine and tripelennamine. AB - Toxicological and pathological findings are described in fatalities involving pentazocine (Talwin) and tripelennamine (Pyribenzamine). Procedures using thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and spectrophotofluorometry are described, as well as the quantitative analysis of biological specimens of drug abuse and homicide victims. Microscopic findings in lung specimens from drug abuse deaths are also described. PMID- 6680756 TI - Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction by polymorphonuclear leukocytes on contact with immune complexes in renal glomeruli. AB - The reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) adherent to glomeruli with immune complexes was investigated on nephritic kidney sections or in homogenates of nephritic kidney. The localization of PMNs containing a large amount of reduced NBT (formazan) was exclusively on nephritic glomeruli in the sections and moreover, closely similar to the distribution of immune complexes as defined by an immunofluorescent technique. In comparison with the normal kidney, the PMNs on contact with the nephritic kidney reduced about three times more NBT whether the kidney was sectioned or homegenated. This increase of NBT reduction by PMNs was not influenced by the presence of fresh serum in the reaction mixture. These observations suggest that the oxidative metabolism that reduces NBT in PMNs was increased by immune complexes deposited in the nephritic glomeruli. PMID- 6680757 TI - Potentiation of antitumor immunity in tumor-bearing mice by a degraded D-manno-D glucan (DMG), a new antitumor polysaccharide. AB - DMG, a degraded D-manno-D-glucan from the culture fluid of Microellobosporia grisea, inhibited the growth of murine syngeneic MM46 mammary carcinoma. Mice in which the tumor had completely regressed by DMG treatment showed tumor-specific antitumor resistance. The antitumor action of DMG was studied by examining the influences of DMG on tumor-specific and non-specific immune responses in tumor bearing hosts. The tumor-specific delayed hypersensitivity reaction appeared transiently on day 7 after tumor inoculation but had decreased by day 15 in untreated tumor-bearing mice. In contrast, the reaction was retained and augmented in DMG-treated tumor-bearing mice. The tumor-neutralizing activity of spleen cells from DMG-treated tumor-bearing mice, tested by a Winn assay, was tumor-specific and significantly higher than that of untreated tumor-bearing mice. The tumor-neutralizing activity of peritoneal cells and the in vitro cytostatic activity of peritoneal macrophages in response to lymphokine supernatants containing macrophage activation factor were also augmented by DMG treatment. In contrast, the level of antitumor antibody in the serum increased with time, irrespective of DMG administration. Thus, DMG potentiated cellular antitumor effector mechanisms. PMID- 6680758 TI - Current activities of cell banking in Japan. PMID- 6680759 TI - [Esophageal reflux disease]. AB - Esophagitis caused by reflux is one of the most frequent diseases diagnosed by endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Reflux may be physiological. The main pathological conditions causing reflux are the hiatus hernias and sequelae of surgical procedures. Esophagitis occurs exclusively in the layer of stratified epithelium. In early stages it presents as white stripes of erosion with a typical red frame or as a peptic lesion. The colors red or white are dependent upon depth of the process, coating and stage of healing. Pathogenesis, various forms of manifestation, and complications of the reflux disease can be understood if one knows about mucosal metaplasias which may occur. This metaplastic process involves replacement of areas of stratified epithelium by cylindrical epithelium. Peptic stenosis located highly in the esophagus usually indicates a distal segment of cylindrical epithelium. The so called endobrachyesophagus (Barrett esophagus) occurs in rare cases congenitally - it can be also found after complete healing of the esophagitis without any signs of inflammation or stenosis. Therefore it seems appropriate to introduce an additional classification for the Barrett esophagus (E0, EI-IV). The reflux disease is clinically important because of its tenacious clinical symptomatology and its complications. Endobrachyesophagus has been recognized as a precancerous condition and should be controlled regularly. PMID- 6680760 TI - [Reflux disease of the esophagus]. AB - An attempt is made to correlate clinical respectively endoscopic and histomorphological findings in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The histological stage Ia cannot be identified endoscopically. However, certain correlations can be found between endoscopic stage I (the "red spot") on the one hand and the histological stage Ib (hyperemic capillaries) on the other, just as well as between subsequent endoscopical and histological stages. The histomorphological stage IV corresponds to the clinical stage IV and represents the ultimate complication of the reflux disease, esophageal stenosis caused by ulceration plus endobrachyesophagus. In this stage no restitutio ad integrum is possible anymore. The initial changes of the gastroesophageal reflux disease occur within the epithelium and the papillae and can be recognized microscopically in biopsies taken during endoscopy. Changes in the submucosal layer are of no importance during the early reversible stages. The lining of the endobrachyoesophagus with cylindrical epithelium ("Barrett mucosa") is probably the consequence of reflux. This type of lining presents an irregular picture from the morphological as well as from the clinical point of view and is to be considered as a pre-stage of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 6680761 TI - [Ulcerative processes of the stomach]. AB - Ulceration of the gastric mucosa is a consequence of a pathological process and it can be subdivided into erosions and ulcers according to depth of penetration. In most cases the lesions are of peptic origin; they may however, be caused by disturbed local circulation, disintegrating tumor tissue and specific diseases like sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, Crohn's disease and syphilis. Such lesions may also be caused by acid burn. Since macroscopic findings during endoscopy may be misleading, all gastric ulcers should be investigated by biopsies, with the possible exemption of diffuse acute or chronic erosions. PMID- 6680762 TI - [Ulcerative processes of the stomach]. AB - Ulcerative processes of the stomach can be caused by benign and malignant diseases of rather different etiology. Clinical and endoscopic findings do not allow to establish with certainty a diagnosis, especially in regard to eventual malignancy of the ulcerative process even if all criteria are taken into account which in general speak for or against malignancy. A chronic peptic ulcer on the one hand and an ulcerating malignant tumor of the stomach on the other hand can look completely identical on endoscopic examination. Biopsy and histological diagnosis are decisive; they are indispensable to clarify etiology of ulcerative processes. Taking of biopsies should be done with appropriate technique and at the appropriate location of the ulcerative process. PMID- 6680763 TI - [Polypoid processes of the stomach]. AB - Among epithelial gastric polyps the adenoma and the so called borderline lesion may be looked upon as precancerous lesions. The most common epithelial benign polyp of the stomach is the hyperplasiogenic polyp; cancerisation is rather rare and occurs only if epigenetic factors come into claim. Development of a carcinoma in a primary benign epithelial polyp is very rare (1,3%). In most cases of gastric polyposis the polyps consist of glandular cysts. Polyposis as such is not a pre-cancerous condition; not the number of polyps is decisive in this regard, but their histological structure. A typical, non-epithelial polyp of the stomach is the so called "inflammatory-fibromatous" polyp. Small, nonepithelial polyps should be removed by polypectomy; bigger polyps should be investigated microscopically after biopsies have been taken. Big non-epithelial polyps should be operated upon without previous histological investigation. Very small polyps, especially in the fornix region, and in old patients or patients in bad condition do not have to be investigated by endoscopy and biopsy. PMID- 6680764 TI - The 1983 abortion decisions: Virginia distinguished. PMID- 6680765 TI - A method for two dimensional multi-segmental kinematic and kinetic analysis of normal and pathological human gait. AB - The application of an integrated gait analysis system in clinical research is described. With this system it is possible to analyse the walking pattern of various groups of patients with regard to foot-floor contact, kinematics and kinetics, using a Selspot system. In order to study various groups of patients an extensive body-segment model adapted to the variety in patient groups is dealt with and is related to data from the literature. Special attention has been paid to the analysis or errors in the quantities used in kinematics and kinetics. The various sources of errors leading to inaccuracy of the data describing the walking pattern are discussed. PMID- 6680766 TI - Permeation of lipophilic drugs through synthetic elastomers. AB - Permeability studies were carried out with three lipophilic drugs, namely, phenytoin and primidone (both widely used in the treatment of epilepsies and convulsive disorders), and dapsone (a sulfone antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of leprosy and to a lesser extent in dermatitis herpetiformis) through silica-filled poly(dimethyl siloxane) (Silastic) membranes, and anisotropic membranes of poly(ether-urethane)/poly(dimethyl siloxane) block copolymer (Avcothane, Cardiothane). These polymers are used in medical implants and in various cardiovascular devices. While both polymers were permeable to the drugs, the transport properties differed significantly. In the case of the poly(dimethyl siloxane) there was an initial large burst effect, followed by an exponential decrease in the rate of drugs released through the polymer films, although with dapsone the release rate became essentially constant between 100-180 h at 37 degrees C. In the case of the anisotropic films of the poly(ether urethane)/poly(dimethyl siloxane) block copolymer, the permeabilities were much higher. Significantly, phenytoin exhibited essentially constant rate (zero-order) kinetics between 25-150 h, showing only a moderate burst effect that is probably not significant therapeutically. Importantly, dapsone showed neither a burst effect nor any significant time lag, and the release followed constant rate (zero order) kinetics between 12-80 h, followed by only a moderate decrease in drug concentration up to 140 h (the experimental end-point). The diffusion coefficients calculated from initial desorption data at 37 degrees C for the poly(ether-urethane)/poly(dimethyl siloxane) block copolymer are as follows: phenytoin = 8.6 X 10(-9) cm2/s, primidone = 2.8 X 10(-9) cm2/s, and dapsone = 2.4 X 10(-8) cm2/s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6680767 TI - A method for optimization of pulse sequences in NMR-imaging. AB - The diagnostic quality of NMR-images is very much dependent on the pulse sequences and the associated parameters. Therefore, one could use pulse sequences as 'electronic contrast media', if one knew the interrelation between the appearance of pathological alterations in NMR-images and the pulse sequences used. A method is demonstrated which allows a simulation of NMR experiments in the computer, based upon two measurements of one single plane with different recovery times. During this procedure, proton density-, T1- and T2-pictures are calculated and a systematic parameter variation can be done with any programmed pulse sequence equation, by calculating new pictures with different contrast. Even virtual images which cannot be achieved by real NMR experiments can be created. In some cases these virtual images have advantages over real NMR pictures which are demonstrated. The method may be helpful by answering the questions about optimal parameters and may be one step towards a standardization in NMR-imaging. PMID- 6680768 TI - Chronological observations on hemato-pathological changes in chicks inoculated with chicken anemia agent. AB - Chicks were inoculated with the Gifu-1 strain of the chicken anemia agent (CAA) on the day of hatching. They manifested distinct anemia accompanied with pancytopenia 8--20 days after inoculation. Discoloration of the bone marrow and atrophy of the thymus began to be seen 6 days after inoculation. Histologically, hematopoietic cells began to decrease and large blastic cells to appear in the bone marrow 4--6 days after inoculation. Hypoplasia and subsequently aplasia occurred to all over the bone marrow 8 days after inoculation. In the bone marrow erythrocytopoiesis was noticed first 16--18 days after inoculation, granulocytopoiesis later, and transient hyperplasia finally. At last, the bone marrow returned to a normal condition 32 days after inoculation or later. In the thymus the depletion of cortical lymphocytes became distinct 4--6 days after inoculation, and lobular atrophy 8 days after inoculation or later. The depletion of lymphocytes in the other lymphatic tissues and hemorrhage in the lamina propria of the proventriculus were observed only in the anemic phase. The results mentioned above indicated that the anemia induced by CAA was caused by the disorder of hematopoietic cell formation in the bone marrow. It was also noteworthy that cortical lymphocytes in the thymus began to decrease remarkably soon after inoculation. PMID- 6680769 TI - Propagation and infectivity titration of the Gifu-1 strain of chicken anemia agent in a cell line (MDCC-MSB1) derived from Marek's disease lymphoma. AB - Chicken anemia agent (CAA) propagated in an established cell line derived from Marek's disease (MD) lymphoma (MDCC-MSB1). When passaged 19 times in MDCC-MSB1 cell cultures, it produced anemia of the same severity in chicks as it did before passage. Titration of the infectivity of CAA was performed successfully with subcultures of MDCC-MSB1 cell cultures which had been inoculated with serial tenfold dilutions of infected material. In it, no infected cultures could be subcultured. The propagation of CAA was also proved in the MD cell line, MDCC JP2, and the avian lymphoid leukosis (LL) cell line, LSCC-1104B1, but not in the two MD cell lines, MDCC-RP1 and MDCC-BP1, or in the two LL cell lines, LSCC 1104X5 and LSCC-TLT. No CAA propagated in cell cultures prepared from skin and muscle, liver, or brain of chick embryos, or kidney, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, bone marrow, or white blood cells of chickens. PMID- 6680770 TI - Partial purification and characterization of gizzard erosion-inducing substance in heated casein-histidine mixture. AB - A heated casein-histidine mixture, or the model compound of gizzard erosion inducing fish meal, was prepared, and a gizzard erosion-inducing substance in this mixture was partially purified. The mixture was refluxed with hydrochloric acid, and the supernatant was obtained. The supernatant was then adjusted to the pH of the isoelectric point of casein and the resulting precipitate collected. The precipitate was further hydrolyzed with papain at a neutral pH. After acidification of the reaction mixture, the supernatant and the precipitate were separated. The supernatant fraction, which was toxic to induce gizzard erosion, was submitted to a gel filtration of Sephadex G-25, and resolved into five fractions. Gizzard erosion-inducing toxicity was found only in the second fraction. The non-toxic second fraction was also prepared by the same treatment from the non-toxic material of heated casein. The characters of these toxic and non-toxic second fractions were compared by using several analytical methods. Thin layer chromatography, as well as gel permeation chromatography, revealed that more than eight components having widely distributed molecular weights existed in both second fractions. By reversed phase chromatography, these fractions were found to consist of various peptides (or peptide-like compounds). Some characterizations, however, were performed. It failed to detect any difference in the components between the toxic and non-toxic second fractions by any analytical method used. PMID- 6680771 TI - Effects of dietary antibiotics on intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. AB - Changes were examined in the intestinal microflora in broiler chickens fed a diet containing antibiotics to obtain fundamental information on the mechanisms of beneficial effect of the antibiotics upon livestock production. Three antibiotics (colistin, bacitracin, and enramycin) were employed as feed additives. Experiments were conducted with broiler chickens in two ways. In one way dietary antibiotics were fed continually at levels approved for use as feed additives for a long term. In the other they were fed the same antibiotics for a short term. Significant changes in microflora were observed mainly in such bacterial groups as aerobic bacteria and Lactobacillus. In the long term administration, three possible modes of variance in the bacterial flora were postulated: Changes directly related to the antibacterial spectrum of antibiotics. Antagonistic changes related to an ecological balance in the bacterial flora. Changes in quantitative balance of bacteria constituting each bacterial group. The change in the intestinal microflora during administration of the antibiotic diet was expressed as a complex form of these transition modes. In the short term administration, it was demonstrated that the effect of the antibiotic diet lingered even 7 days after administration. This suggests that antibiotics used as feed additives may possibly affect the stability of the intestinal microflora. PMID- 6680772 TI - Quantitative culture of Rhodococcus equi from the feces of horse. AB - The selective isolation of R. equi in NANC medium was made by quantitative culture of the organism in the feces. R. equi was observed in the feces of all the mares and foals investigated. The mean viable count of R. equi organisms in 1 gram of feces was 8.42 X 10(2) in the mares and 7.57 X 10(2) in the foals, and its 95% confidence limits were in a range of 6.48 X 10(2) to 1.09 X 10(3) and 4.19 X 10(2) to 1.37 X 10(3), respectively. This result indicates that R. equi is a member of the normal intestinal flora in the horse. PMID- 6680773 TI - Contents of free histidine and histamine in fish meals and in the model compounds and their toxicities to induce gizzard erosion. AB - Whole meal produced from fresh sardine had a high content of histidine, while that from rancid fish had a high content of histamine. The toxicity to induce gizzard erosion, which appeared after heating, was stronger in the former whole meal than in the latter. Thus, the content of histidine, not that of histamine, was well correlate to the degree of toxicity of the heated fish meal. Changes in the contents of histidine and histamine were also studied in model compounds during heating. PMID- 6680774 TI - Streptococcus R (Streptococcus suis type II) infection in pigs in Japan. AB - Since the first outbreak of an epizootic disease on a pig farm in Shimane Prefecture in 1979, similar diseases have occurred continually on other 8 pig farms in the same prefecture until 1982. Main clinical symptoms of the disease were recumbency, convulsion, anorexia and paddling. The diseased pigs ranged mostly from 35 to 67 days of age. Monthly fatality on one pig farm for 1 year was 0.2 to 3.6%. Morbidities in affected litters were mostly at a level of 20 to 30% on 7 pig farms. The diseases were diagnosed as streptococcal meningitis and septicemia with each one of endocarditis and pneumonitis by pathological and bacteriological studies on 20 affected pigs. Distribution of piglets from a breeding farm to pig farms was considered as one of the causes of prevalence in the prefecture. Representative 20 strains of the isolates from diseased animals on 9 pig farms were identified as Streptococcus R (Streptococcus suis type II) by biological and serological examinations. For the latter examination, anti Streptococcus R, S and T sera were prepared. It was also indicated that the disease had occurred in 8 prefectures in addition to Shimane, because positive results had been obtained from 41 strains submitted from those prefectures for serological diagnosis. The minimal inhibitory concentration was examined in 18 drugs to 19 isolates. It was the lowest in ampicillin and thiopeptin of all the drugs. PMID- 6680775 TI - White spots of the liver in pigs experimentally infected with Ascaris suum. AB - To make clear the relationship between Ascaris suum infection and the appearance of white spot lesions on the surface of the liver in pigs, three groups of pigs were inoculated orally with embryonated A. suum eggs and observed clinicopathologically. Group A of three pigs were inoculated 21 times with 100 eggs each of the nematode, group B of three pigs 4 times with 50,000 eggs each for 10 weeks, and group C of two pigs 2 times with 50,000 eggs each at a one-week interval. All the pigs were sacrificed at the same time 1 week after the final inoculation. Such signs of the nematode infection as dyspnea, coughing and fever appeared in all the pigs of groups B and C seven days after inoculation to continue for several days. In addition, peripheral blood eosinophilia was recorded in these animals 7 or 14 days after inoculation. At autopsy, mesh-worked white spots, some compact and others lymphonodular, were observed on the surface of the liver in all the pigs of the three groups. Main white spots were mesh worked and lymphonodular in the pigs of group A. They were severe and compact in group B. Therefore, they were rough to the touch. In group C mesh-worked white spots fused with one another and covered the surface of the liver. These white spot lesions observed were morphologically very similar to those found in the field conditions. Complement-fixating antibodies reacting to adult A. suum antigen were detected only in sera from the pigs of group B. Moreover, antibodies involved in the intradermal reaction of immediate type were found in the pigs of groups A and B. PMID- 6680776 TI - Pathological studies on white spots of the liver in fattening pigs. AB - Hepatic lesions were found in fattening pigs derived from a farm where swine had been suffering from the multiple occurrence of white spots in the liver. They were examined at a slaughter-house for 18 months. The white spots were classified into three patterns on the basis of the macroscopic appearance; that is a compact, a mesh-worked, and a lymphonodular pattern. Histologically, the following 3 kinds of lesions were seen: (1) Eosinophilic interstitial hepatitis accompanied with intralobular necrosis, arteriolar degeneration, boring focus, granuloma and the existence of Nematoda larvae. (2) Fibrosis accompanied occasionally with infiltration of a few eosinophils and lymphocytes. (3) Lymphofollicular hyperplasia. As to the relationship between macroscopic and histologic patterns, compact white spots were generally produced by eosinophilic interstitial hepatitis. The mesh-worked pattern consisted of eosinophilic interstitial hepatitis or fibrosis, and the lymphonodular pattern of lymphofollicular hyperplasia. The incidence of eosinophilic interstitial hepatitis was relatively high over a period from July to December and rather low over a period from January to June. That of fibrosis was considerably high all the year round. Lymphofollicular hyperplasia showed no distinct seasonal incidence. Intestinal ascarids were frequently detected over a period from August to October. Pigs having CF antibody against Ascaris suum increased in number over a period from August to December. From these results, the cause of the multiple occurrence of white spots in the liver was regarded as A. suum infection. PMID- 6680777 TI - [Pre- and postoperative differences in the circadian secretion of prolactin in carcinoma of the human breast]. AB - The authors study the nyctohemeral changes of prolactin and growth hormone during the evolution of breast cancer and in fibrocystic mastopathy. Prolactin shows a circadian rhythm with higher amounts during sleep in cancer patients. Changes are not significant for fibrocystic mastopathy, although there is a tendency towards higher concentrations than in the control group. No significant changes were observed for the growth hormone. PMID- 6680778 TI - [General analysis of the Tumor Registry of the Hospital de Sta. Caterina de Girona. Description of the series and study of the diagnostic and therapeutic delay]. AB - This work presents the epidemiological and clinical data of 2521 tumor cases registered in the Servicio de Oncologia of the Hospital Provincial Sta. Caterina (Girona), analyzing the time intervals between the first symptoms, the diagnosis, and the beginning of treatment. PMID- 6680779 TI - Risk factors in breast cancer. AB - The incidence of claimed risk factors for breast cancer was studied in 162 patients suffering this entity and in a control group of women with similar sociocultural level and age. Late menopause and sterility or first child born after age of 30 were the only factors more frequent in breast cancer patients. PMID- 6680780 TI - [Morphological bases of oncology]. AB - The author makes a review of the morphological bases of oncology, considering the methods used in pathological anatomy, the data obtained from histopathology and ultrastructure of neoplasms, and the morphological criteria useful for prognosis. PMID- 6680781 TI - [Current problems in the classification of neoplasms]. PMID- 6680782 TI - [Prolongation of the QT interval of the electrocardiogram in brain diseases]. PMID- 6680783 TI - [Aggressive fibromatosis]. PMID- 6680785 TI - [Delay of gastric emptying in diabetic patients]. PMID- 6680784 TI - [Acute pancreatitis and dyslipoproteinemia]. PMID- 6680786 TI - [Postcesarean cecal perforation (apropos of 2 cases)]. PMID- 6680787 TI - [Physiopathology of Parkinson disease]. PMID- 6680788 TI - [Proverbs, tales and legends related to snakes and human and animal ophidism]. PMID- 6680789 TI - [Apexcardiogram indexes and its 1st derivative evaluating myocardial contractility: normal values]. PMID- 6680790 TI - [Cytochemical characteristics of mucus in lithiasic gallbladders]. PMID- 6680791 TI - [Systemic histoplasmosis. Clinical features of presentation]. PMID- 6680792 TI - Horseshoe kidney: report of four cases clinical evaluation and management. PMID- 6680793 TI - [Auricular fibrillation: etiology and electrocardiographic associations in 227 patients]. PMID- 6680794 TI - [Connective nevus]. PMID- 6680796 TI - [The Sotos syndrome. Clinical and neuropsychiatric considerations in 1 case]. AB - A case of Sotos' syndrome or cerebral gigantism is described. The main clinical features of this syndrome are macrocrania, accelerated skeleton maturation and somatic development, cranio-facial dysmorfism, psychomotor retardation in 80% of the cases. Less frequently other skeleton abnormalities associated with neurological and/or endocrinological disorders are reported. In our patient the typical features of the syndrome are accompanied by several neurological signs (mental retardtion, strabism, hypothonia, motor impairment, seizures, CT scan abnormalities) and ophtalmological changes as optic disk pallor. The above mentioned range of symptoms should be considered as a direct consequence of the primary defect which characterizes the Sotos' syndrome. In our case the cerebral nervous system seems to be more specifically involved. Besides, important behavioural difficulties have emerged with regard to the double relation mother daughter and in the familiar environment as well. For this reason we emphasize the necessity of evaluating and clearing up all problems which often arise in connection with various pathological conditions in childhood. This should be done in order to grant the families an appropriate support. PMID- 6680795 TI - [H.E.L.L.P. syndrome]. PMID- 6680797 TI - [Nosography of the neuroses. 5. Aspects and problems of the neurotic reaction as an adaptive disorder]. AB - The term "neurosis", although is no longer used in the recent American classification, is still considered valid and firmly established in our learning even with its etymological and semantic inexactitudes. So in this 5th coordinated and systematical study on the nosography of neurosis the Authors observe its less known and less described aspects in literature, such as short-dated neurosis forms with acute course. These situations of acute neurosis can be explained as unspecific answers to stress situations, that is to say as reactions to conscious or removed biological and psychological events. They are disorders of adaptation with a single pathogenetical mechanism and their aspect suggests the approach to alarm-reactions for unspecific stressors. This neurotic reaction of adaptation, conditioned by the subject's cognitive interpretation, has the characteristics of an exaggerated and disorderly alarm-reaction with particular polymorphism of its symptomatology. The Authors elaborate a model of the symptomatology and they examine the differential diagnosis of these reactions. Regarding the evolution and the course of this disorders they assert that the prognosis is good, but in some cases there may be the passage to a form of structured neurosis or the evolution to a depressive syndrome; they interpret this as a decompensation due to the exhaustion of fitting mechanisms. At the end of the study the authors illustrate the therapy. PMID- 6680798 TI - Post occlusion ischemia in the territory of the internal carotid artery: role of the ophtalmic collateral circulation in relation to the status of the bifurcation. AB - Recent studies of the literature indicate that arteriosclerotic lesions located in the remnants of bifurcation and proximally to an occluded internal carotid artery can represent sites for the origin of emboli. Through the collateral circulation, these emboli can reach the homolateral cerebral territories producing further ischemic events. Two groups of patient, with angiographically proven internal carotid artery occlusion, one with, and another without irregular arteriosclerotic lesions (IAL) in the stump and/or external carotid artery, were followed up in order to determine the frequency of delayed post-occlusion ischemic events in each group. Ipsilateral events occurred more frequently when there was a stump associated with IAL in the remnants of bifurcation and signs of ophtalmic collateral circulation. This association may have prognostic value and should be considered before performing bypass procedures. PMID- 6680799 TI - [Etiopathogenetic considerations in 2 cases of dysmetabolic hypokalemic paralysis with signs of increased neuromuscular excitability during potassium repletion]. AB - Increased neuromuscular excitability with varying clinical and EMG features were also observed during KCl administration in both cases. The findings are discussed on the light of the membrane ionic gradients current theory. PMID- 6680802 TI - Fertility effects of isolated spouse separations in relation to their timing. PMID- 6680800 TI - Trends in Moslem fertility and the application of the demographic transition model. PMID- 6680801 TI - Annual rhythms in human violence and sexual aggression in the United States and the role of temperature. PMID- 6680803 TI - Voluntary and involuntary childlessness in the United States, 1955-1973. PMID- 6680804 TI - Becoming voluntarily childless: an exploratory study in a Scottish city. PMID- 6680805 TI - Childlessness: a panel study of expressed intentions and reported fertility. PMID- 6680806 TI - Contraceptive use and efficacy in a genetically counseled population. PMID- 6680807 TI - Opportunity for natural selection among three migrant groups of fishermen of Puri, India. PMID- 6680808 TI - [Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases. Apropos of 20 cases]. PMID- 6680809 TI - [Total esophagectomy without thoracotomy]. PMID- 6680810 TI - [Protection against spinal cord ischemia in the treatment of traumatic rupture of the aortic isthmus]. PMID- 6680811 TI - [Interventricular communication and aortic insufficiency. Technical problems and results. Apropos of 27 cases]. PMID- 6680812 TI - [Study of the hyperemic reserve of the myocardium with the aid of papaverine]. PMID- 6680813 TI - [Temporary electrodes after cardiac surgery: importance of the method of epicardial implantation]. PMID- 6680814 TI - [Adventitial aortic cyst]. PMID- 6680815 TI - [Immediate stoppages of Bjork-Shiley mitral prostheses with a convexoconcave disk]. PMID- 6680816 TI - [Tetralogy of Fallot with congenital absence of a pulmonary branch. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 6680817 TI - [Use of microporous-expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in systemic-pulmonary shunts in infants]. PMID- 6680818 TI - [Recent arterial injuries of the limbs. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. PMID- 6680819 TI - [Evolution of myocardial temperature following cardioplegia with or without epicardial cooling, thermal isolation of the heart, the 2 technics combined. Experimental study]. PMID- 6680820 TI - [Long-term study of a small caliber arterial graft]. PMID- 6680821 TI - [Round table on intrathoracic echinococcosis]. PMID- 6680822 TI - [Round table on cardiac denervation. Grenoble, 19 June 1982]. PMID- 6680823 TI - [Diffuse hepatic and pulmonary hydatidosis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6680824 TI - [A frequently deceptive pathology: pleural fibroma. Apropos of 2 recent surgically-diagnosed cases]. PMID- 6680825 TI - [Congenital esophagobronchial fistula in adults. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6680826 TI - [A little known segment of the cardiac wall: the muscular atrioventricular septum]. PMID- 6680827 TI - [Coronary arteries in the double-outlet heart ventricle. Anatomy of distribution apropos of 39 cases]. PMID- 6680828 TI - [Surgical treatment of a hydatid cyst of the interventricular septum. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6680829 TI - [Considerations on prostatectomy using the Delinotte method]. PMID- 6680830 TI - [Gastric resection using Billroth I method: review of the literature]. AB - The author point out the importance of the maintenance of duodenal passing after gastric resection for gastro-duodenal ulcer, and also examine the traditional operation by the Billroth's 2 method from a physiopathological point of view. With a critic study of the literature, the advantages and the disadvantages of two methods there is presented. PMID- 6680831 TI - [Surgical treatment of external humeral epicondylalgia using Hohmann's operation (review of 52 clinical cases)]. AB - An examination is made of external humeral epicondylalgia and its surgical treatment by Hohmann's operation (tenomyotomy of the epicondyloids). 52 clinical cases operated by this technique in the various Hospitals in the Milan area during the period from 1966 to 1976 are reviewed. The Authors conclude by asserting the superiority of Hohmann's operation as compared with other surgical techniques, since ogods results are accompanied by simplicity and low risk. PMID- 6680832 TI - [Self-induced giant lymphedema of the hand (sinistrosis)]. AB - The authors describe a case of a self-caused giant lynphoedema of the hand. The authors underline the importance of hospitalization for the diagnosis, also to be able to exclude any form of organic pathology. They suggest the utility of a decompressive operation of the lynphatic circulation by a little fasciatomy at the root of the forearm, in order to avoid the application of a lace on the wound of the forearm root. Of great importance is furthermore to close the limb into a plastered apparatus for the same purpose. PMID- 6680833 TI - [Treatment of pseudarthrosis of the carpal scaphoid with a compression plate]. AB - The authors think that the compressive osteosynthesis, in the pseudarthrosis of the carpus scaphoid, represents an excellent system in the treatment of these lesions, and it has the advantage to guarantee a sure recovery from pseudoarthrosis in a very short while. PMID- 6680834 TI - [A rare case of cutaneous horn of the hand]. AB - The authors report on a rare case of Cutaneous Horn of the hand: the lesion is interesting, for the considerable dimensions it reaches and for its evolution. The treatment has had the character of a radical local resection. PMID- 6680835 TI - [Biliary ileus caused by incarceration of a large gallbladder calculus in the duodenal bulb in a young man]. AB - A case of gallstone ileus is presented, secondary to a biliary-enteric fistula with obstruction of the duodenal bulb, in a 23 year-old man. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy because his clinical condition was deteriorating steadily. An intraoperative diagnosis of gallstone ileus was formulated; a cholecystectomy and a suture of the duodenal opening were carried out. PMID- 6680836 TI - [Neoplasms of the sigmoid incarcerated in inguinal hernia (case report and review of the literature)]. AB - The authors consider the association of colonic neoplasia and hernia of abdominal wall. Such association, although not so frequent, was formerly remarked in literature 23 times; with the personal casuistic contribution of the authors, who recently observed a case thereof in an old patient woman, such remarks amount to 24. The authors describe the case they have the opportunity to observe, and report the experience of the other authors thereabout, through a careful reviewing of the literature starting from 1930 up to our time. PMID- 6680837 TI - [Malformed dilatations of the biliary ducts. Apropos of 2 personal case reports]. AB - Two cases of malformative dilatations of biliary ducts are described. Besides the pathogenesis, the authors illustrate the classing, clinics and instrumental diagnostic of such malformation, and conclude with a wide survey of the changes of surgical correction. PMID- 6680838 TI - [Cystic dilatation of the choledochus]. AB - The authors show a case of cystic dilatation of choledochus in a woman patient aged 10. After reporting its nosologic classification, drawn from the world literature, they dissert about the treatment, which should be essentially surgical. The Authors performed a new surgical technique, as an alternative to the suggestion of other Authors. The method adopted consists of the partial resection of the cyst and subsequent reconstruction of choledochus on Kohr's tube. PMID- 6680839 TI - [Treatment of acute cholecystitis: our experience]. AB - The authors consider the questions involved in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. They show their casuistry and experiences. As to the therapeutical behaviour to be followed, they are inclined to an eclectic attitude adopted about acute cholecystitis, preferring an early or postposed operation, and never resorting to tardy operations. PMID- 6680840 TI - [Surgical treatment of essential varices and their recurrences]. AB - On the ground of the experience matured in about 800 operations for varicose veins of the lower limb carried out in a period of time of 3 years and a half in the surgical department of the Valduce Hospital of Como, the authors want to bring a personal contribution on the study of some problems, still enough controversial, on the many diagnostic and curative modalities of the essential varices and their relapses. Taking this treatment as starting point, an important speech is open on the anatomic and clinic findings and pathogenesis of the varicose relapses by the light of the phlebographic researches carried out in patients affected of recidivous varices and verified, later on, at the operative table. PMID- 6680841 TI - [Thyroid tumors in the mediastinum]. AB - The Authors studied 46 cases of thyroid neoplasm, characterized by a mediastinal involvement of different degrees, and analysed the epidemiologic, anatomo pathological and clinical aspects thereof. Then, they, on the basis of their experience, outlined the formulation of the diagnostic ascertainments and surgical treatment. PMID- 6680842 TI - [Reconstruction of the breast after radical mastectomy]. AB - The Authors review the indications for mammary reconstruction following mastectomy, and add a new series of procedures after considering the oldest ones. They point out the possible post operative complications and evaluate the result of a reconstruction which can prove useful both cosmetically and psychologically. PMID- 6680843 TI - [Familial polyposis of the colon]. AB - The Authors face the problems involved in the colonic familial polyposis, with particular attention to the surgical treatment of subjects bearing neoplastic degeneration. They, moreover, report their clinical experience, and compare it with the experience of other centres. PMID- 6680845 TI - [Evaluation of the functional modifications of the lower esophageal sphincter after use of the Angelchik prosthesis]. AB - The manometric recording of Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) has been made in 8 patients who have undergone surgical apposition of Angelchik prosthesis for hiatal hernia. The patients underwent an esophageal manometric study in the preoperative period, one month and one year after the intervention. In the preoperative patients, the mean LES pressure was 10,3 +/- 0,5 mmHg and there was sphincterial incoordination to peristaltic waves after swallow. In one month postoperative patients the LESP was 20,1 +/- 1,0 mmHg (p less than 0,001), and one year after the LESP was 17,0 +/- 0,3 (p less than 0,001) with an ameliorated coordination of the LES activity in response to swallow. Therefore, during postoperative manometric controls the Authors identified a high pressure subdiaphragmatic zone unmodified by deglutitory acts which was not present in the preoperative investigation. Probably the presence of this zone would been explained as a consequence of mechanical action of the prosthesis and the postsurgical fibrino-reaction around the prosthesis. The Authors discussed the results obtained and their importance to Angelchik prosthesis employment for surgical correction of hiatal hernia. PMID- 6680844 TI - [Carotid paragangliomas]. AB - Three cases of carotid body paragangliomas are reported. The authors underline the critical diagnostic role of carotid arteriogram whenever such disease is suspected. Surgical treatment can lead to good results even in malignant forms. In the latter, treatment should be completed with radiotherapy. PMID- 6680846 TI - [A case of cancer arising on a multi-operated achalasic megaesophagus]. AB - The Authors report a case of acalasic megaoesophagus operated through extramucous myotomy according to Heller 20 years before coming to their observation and with relapse of disphagic symptoms due to serious oesophagitis during the subsequent years, in spite of an interposition of jejunal ansa according to Merendino and an oesophago-gastrostomy after removal of the interposed ansa. As the patient showed a further relapse of the disphagic symptoms, he, at last, underwent a subtotal oesophagectomy with intrathoracic oesophago-colon-plasty. At examination of the operative specimen, as a report added and not evidenced through the preoperative ascertainments, a limited oesophageal neoplastic degeneration at level of the oesophagogastro-stomy was found. The patient died one year and eight months after operation for neoplastic cachexia. The Authors analyse the causes determining the disphagic syndrome after surgical treatment of acalasic megaoesophagus, the therapeutical solutions suggested and the relations between megaoesophagus and oesophageal cancer. PMID- 6680847 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the rectum]. AB - The Authors show a case of rectal ampulla carcinoid, and review the literature thereabout. They suggest the removal through sphincter according to Mason, which technique, in their opinion, can ensure a satisfying radicalness when the diameter of carcinoid is shorter than 2 cm. PMID- 6680848 TI - [Anal incontinence]. AB - The Authors describe the clinical rectal incontinence according to etiology, physiology and pathologic anatomy. They report a case of such rectal incontinence followed to hemorroidectom and treated by transplantation of gracilis muscle according to Pikrell technique, comparing this approach with other current surgical procedures. PMID- 6680849 TI - [Billroth II gastric resection (100 homogeneous cases)]. AB - The study of a homogeneous casuistry concerning 100 patients undergoing gastric resection according to Billroth II in the period 1974-1981 for peptic and duodenal ulcer gives the Authors the opportunity to confirm the criteria whereby this technique of reconstruction of the digestive duct is preferred to others. PMID- 6680850 TI - [Hepatic changes in Crohn's disease and in ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6680851 TI - [Bennett's fracture-luxation]. AB - Authors refer your experience in the treatment of Bennett' fracture with no surgical open treatment but a conservative treatment. PMID- 6680852 TI - [A case of hexametatarsia with hypoplasia of the 5th toe]. AB - The Author describes a case of supernumetary metatarsos with hypoplasy of the little finger of the foot and pseudoarthrosis of the 5th metatarsus. Is very important an early surgical treatment. PMID- 6680853 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of cancer of the gastric stump]. PMID- 6680854 TI - [Delayed recognition of traumatic rupture of the diaphragm. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. AB - The Authors face the diagnostic and therapeutical problems involved in the tardy recognition of diaphragmatic breakages. On the basis of two clinical cases observed, they emphasize the relative frequency of this lesion, the variability of the clinical pictures, the limits of the clinical and radiological diagnostics, the utmost seriousness of the complications. They face the problem of the choice of the surgical way of approach and the techniques for repairing the diaphragmatic lacerations. PMID- 6680855 TI - [Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta (our experience)]. AB - The AA. report their experience on 22 cases of aneurysm involving under renal abdominal aorta as mortality rate in elective surgery is about 16% and in emergency operation it rises up to 60%. The AA. remark the opportunity of early surgical treatment. Ti decrease mortality rate. PMID- 6680856 TI - [Prevention of infection in thyroid surgery]. AB - The Authors remark the clear infections are rare in thyroid surgery, whereas rather frequent are the light phlogistic forms, appearing through thermal movement, slight oedema and reddening of the cutaneous wound, drainage emergency point and upper cutaneous edge, which may make the postoperative course unideal. They report the observations done on 25 patients who underwent operation of thyroidectomy after preparation of skin, the evening before operation, with detergent and antiseptic solution containing cetrimide and chlorexidin, followed by dressing with alcoholic solution of quaternary ammonium salts. The patients were immediately treated before and after 8 and 16 hours from operation with amoxicillin. The results obtained confirm the validness of proximate antibacterial chemoprophylaxis in this surgery too. PMID- 6680858 TI - [Degree of parietal penetration of gastric cancer in relation to medium- and long term survival]. AB - The Authors analysed their experience about gastric carcinoma, with particular reference to short, middle and long time survival in relation to the degree of parietal penetration. In the patients without remote metastases, the survival till 5 years depends mainly on this factor, whereas the lymphonodal spreading plays a secundary role, especially in the cases where the tumour deeply infiltrated the gastric wall. Lymphoadenectomy, therefore, seems essential in cases of neoplasm with low degree of parietal penetration, whereas in those with high degree it does not seem determinant on the remote results. PMID- 6680857 TI - [Validity of distal subtotal gastroresection in the treatment of tumors of the lower 1/3 of the stomach]. AB - The Authors analysed the results of a casuistry of 75 patients subjected to radical subtotal gastroresection for carcinoma of the distal third of stomach, with the purpose to verify the validity of such operation, as compared to the total gastrectomy on principle. The postoperative mortality reached 8% and morbidity 8.7%. The survival after 5 years reached 42%. 85% of the patients, at checkings, resulted in good or excellent conditions (Visik 1-2). On the basis of these data, the Authors conclude the distal subtotal gastric resection should be considered the choice treatment for tumours of the lower third of stomach. PMID- 6680859 TI - [Results in the use of immunochemotherapy in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma]. AB - The Authors, after emphasizing melanoma still now represents one of the most aggressive malignant tumours, state the chemoimmunotherapeutic protocol they used in the treatment of this neoplasm. Then, on the basis of the results obtained, they affirm that, although malignant melanoma is considered from long time as a scarcely chemosensitive neoplasm, remarkable advantages can be got through the use of monochemotherapy, especially in association pith the immunotherapy. In fact, by associating both protocols, chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic a significant improvement in the prognosis of such neoplasm was obtained, as to both the indices of survival and the gap free from illness. PMID- 6680860 TI - [Varicocele: cause of sub-fertility (therapeutic considerations)]. AB - The Authors examined the seminal liquid of 60 patients suffering from non obstructive oligosperma after different treatments. On the basis of the results obtained, they emphasize the importance, after operation, of the medical treatment in the normohormonal varicocelic patients. They suggest the surgical treatment in the non-varicocelic subjects, in who an inversion of the veenous flux in an inside spermatic vein was ascertained. PMID- 6680861 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm (our experience)]. AB - The Authors report their experience about diaphragm traumatic herniae. After showing the general problematics, they study 11 cases they had the opportunity to observe: 7 acute and 4 chronic herniae, and appraise the diagnostic and therapeutical peculiarities of such pathology. PMID- 6680862 TI - [A new surgical instrument for the removal of varicose branches of the saphenous vein]. AB - A new instrument, specially devised and constructed for varicose saphenous vein branches excision through small skin incisions non requiring suture, is described. The instrument's utilization in the surgical treatment of varices of the lower limbs is explained. The significant shortening of the whole surgical procedure and the optimal cosmetic appearance of the operated limbs, are the most outstanding advantages of the presented technique compared with the commonly employed ones. PMID- 6680863 TI - [Remote results in 214 cases of surgically treated breast carcinoma]. AB - The Authors report the remote results of 214 cases of breast cancer, operated in the period August 1963-December 1974, after subdividing the cases they had the opportunity to observe on the basis of the stage of the disease, the surgical treatment and the eventual post-mastectomy precautionary therapy. PMID- 6680864 TI - [Treatment of fractures of the base of the finger tip (Busch's injury)]. AB - The validity of surgical treatment about "Mallet finger" with avulsion of tendon insertion (Bush lesion's) is presented. Are exposed 25 cases treated from 1980 to January 1983 with optimal results. PMID- 6680865 TI - [Pseudoarthrosis of the fingertip]. AB - The author described a case of non-union of the tuft of the distal phalanx of the 3 finger, treated by open reduction Kirschner wire fixation and spongious bone homo-graft. The type of non-union and his treatment is discussed. PMID- 6680866 TI - [Biliary peritonitis]. AB - The Authors contribute to the definition of the diagnosis and treatment of biliary peritonitis (PB) by showing 12 cases of it. They appraise the etiopathogenetic aspects of this pathology, point out the peculiarities of its precocious radiological and echographic picture, and emphasize its high mortality in patients not subjected to adequate emergency therapy. PMID- 6680867 TI - [Surgical treatment of the ingrown nail using the Dubois technic]. AB - After a short mention on the ethiopathogenesis and therapy of the ingrown nail, the Author point out the importance of the Dubois method for the surgical treatment of this affection. A good cosmetic result and radicality are achieved thanks to the preservation of the nail. PMID- 6680868 TI - [Treatment of hallux valgus (review of cases operated on from 1976 to 1978 )]. AB - The AA. reporton the long-term check-up (from 4 to 6 years) about 50 cases of big toe valgls treated with regularization of esostosus, correction of 1 metatarsus and plastic-capsule. The valuation of the results, executed on the ground parameters: pain, mobility, functionality, residual deformation, allows the Authors to confirm the validity of that therapeutical procedure. PMID- 6680870 TI - [Short-term effects of cimetidine in patients with bleeding duodenal ulcer. Presentation of cases]. AB - The authors here present a work dealing pith two groups of subjects, both groups having the diagnose of bleeding duodenal ulcer; one group using therapy antacid alone, the other using cimetidine and antacid. This last is more affected in controlling bleeding then just using antacids alone. Moreover the use of cimetidine reduces the period of bleeding, increases the number of subject who stop bleeding and reduces the amount of blood transfused in these subjects. We are also convenced that the use of cimetidine even prolong in time, does not protect these subjects from having other relapse. Therefore propose the Billroth II and from own experience this is a good therapy to prevent other bleeding. PMID- 6680869 TI - [Passage from the thigh to the retroperitoneum through the obturator foramen of an enormous recurrent lipoma]. AB - The authors refer to an enormous lipoma relapsing from the thigh and the retro peritoneum space which they have observed. Underlying the rarity of the case, they reveal their reasons whereby one must consider the origin of this lipoma the medial region of the thigh, and the foramen obturatorium the passage-way of the same lipoma from the thigh to the retroperitoneum. Furthermore considering the frequent impossibility of complete removal of these extremely developed lipomas rendering a reserved quod vitam prognosis. PMID- 6680871 TI - [Our experience with closed injuries of the pancreas]. AB - The authors illustrate the types of anatomo-pathologic lesions, symptomatology, diagnostical means and treatment of pancreatic blunt trauma. They describe their experience about 4 cases (1,94%) of pancreatic trauma out of 210 abdominal blunt trauma. They, moreover, emphasize the usefulness of laparoscopy as an investigating mean offering a sure diagnostical reliability. PMID- 6680872 TI - [Traumatic lesions of the diaphragm (personal experience)]. AB - From 1971 to 1982, 126 blunt thoraco-abdominal trauma were seen: in 9 cases (7,1%), diaphragmatic rupture was present. Automobile accidents were the most frequent cause of diaphragmatic rupture and, in only one case, the injury was single. Diaphragmatic rupture was suspected preoperatively in two patients, who had positive physical and radiologic chest findings. The lesion was seen intraoperatively in the other patients, who underwent surgical operation because of severe intra-abdominal injuries. In the author's experience, roentgenologic examinations and adjuntive studies were not important for diagnosis of diaphragmatic injuries. Surgical treatment depended on entity of associated intra abdominal and intrathoracic injuries, especially in patients observed during immediate post-traumatic period. Authors conclude that single diaphragmatic injury, generally, give no surgical or prognostic problems. High mortality rate seen in these patients is due to multiple organ involvement. PMID- 6680873 TI - [Cerebral protection in surgery of the carotid arteries]. AB - The authors, starting from the larger and larger spreading of the carotid surgery, consider the risks of cerebral ischemia involved and the measures suitable to reduce its incidence. So, they analyse the measures, both pharmacologic and mechanical, which, before, during and after operation, may contribute in reducing the possibility of incidence of such a deprecable complication. PMID- 6680874 TI - [Neoplastic occlusions of the large intestine (clinical study)]. AB - The authors do a clinico-epidemiologic reviewing of 24 cases of neoplastic obstruction of large intestine, they had the opportunity to observe. Such patients represent 12.9% of all cases of mechanic intestinal obstruction. The obstructive complication, which in 70% of the observations involved sigma and rectosigmoid junction, was the clinical beginning of 9,6% of colonic and rectal carcinomata. Such disease arose preferably in old patients and in those suffering from one or more concomitant diseases. Some reflections about the surgical treatment, which, in this casuistry, determined a mortality of 25%, lead the Authors to think the requirements of the treatment of high risk patients and the rigid observance of the rules of colonic surgery should be put before the requirements of oncological radicalness. PMID- 6680875 TI - [Pathology caused by suture materials in patients with gastric resection. Endoscopic findings]. AB - The authors report the results obtained from an endoscopic study on 131 gastric resected patients, who in 18.3% showed a pathology due to suture thread. The Authors dwell upon the clinical picture shown by these patients, and also consider the cases performed on urgency for hematemesis and/or melaena, and upon the diagnostical role of endoscopy. Moreover, they report the results obtained through the endoscopic therapy, which in 100% of the cases allowed the removal of the suture thread. PMID- 6680876 TI - [A case of bilateral primary gynecomastia in 2 brothers]. AB - After a short introduction on the ethiopathogenesis and therapy of the gynecomastia, the authors present a case which recently occurred to their observation of two brothers affected by bilateral primary gynecomastia. PMID- 6680877 TI - [Annular pancreas in the adult (clinical study)]. AB - The authors report a double observation of anular pancreas which appeared with different signs. After discussing the different etiopathogenetic moments, they point out the variety of the therapeutical behaviour in front of such a rare disease. PMID- 6680878 TI - [Case of mucoid hydro-adenocarcinoma of sudoriferous glands (clinical report)]. AB - The authors show a rare case of mucoid hydro-adenocarcinoma of sudoriferous glands. After discussing its anatomo-pathologic aspects and diagnostic difficulties, they dwell upon the prognostico-therapeutical problems of such neoplasm. PMID- 6680879 TI - [Duplication of the thumb and its treatment]. AB - The author speaks about Duplication of the Thumb and his surgical treatment. He report 10 cases treated. Is very important an early surgical treatment to obtain a good aesthetic and functionally result. PMID- 6680880 TI - [Bloodless treatment of fractures of the clavicle using O-shaped soft bandages]. AB - The authors, on the basis of the clinico-radiographic revieping of 45 patients suffering from clavicle fracture and treated through "O"-shaped soft bandage, state the results obtained: they particularly point out the advantages of such method in the fractures of clavicle 3rd medium, with single rima in patients aged between 10 and 70. PMID- 6680881 TI - [Surgical treatment of the ingrown nail of the big toe using the Dubois method]. PMID- 6680882 TI - [Treatment of flexion deformities of the fingers using a joint jack]. PMID- 6680883 TI - [Our experience with emergency surgery in cancer of the large intestine]. AB - The experience concerning 44 cases of large intestine cancer operated in emergency is reported. For the right colon perforated cancers, the surgical solution effected is hemicolectomy and immediate anastomosis for the cases with smallest contamination, hemicolectomy with ileostomy and colonic mucous fistula for the cases with diffused peritonitis. As to left colon perforated cancers, the operations performed are rectocolonic resection according to Hartmann and resection with anastomosis of colonic ends to cutis, depending on the place of the perforated neoplasm. For right colon cancers in occlusive stage, hemicolectomy is performed, whereas, for left colon ones, rectocolectomy according to Hartmann is effected. The postoperative mortality was 16,6%, the percentage of complications was 25% for right colon cancers and 27,7% for left colon ones. PMID- 6680884 TI - [Subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon and its surgical treatment]. PMID- 6680885 TI - [Necrosis of the semilunar bone]. AB - In this work the authors study the most probative etiopathogenetic theories and the diagnostical criteria. They examine the different stages of evolution of the illness and the consequent techniques of therapeutical behaviour, both conservative and surgical. PMID- 6680886 TI - [Chondrodystrophia calcificans congenita. Considerations on 3 clinical cases]. PMID- 6680887 TI - [Mechanical sutures in surgery of cancer of the rectum (a personal contribution)]. AB - The EEA Stapler is widely employed in the rectal cancer surgery, particularly allowing a more frequent sphincteric preservation after low anterior resection. The authors rather employ the manual suture whenever possible and report their own experience on EEA Stapler employment in the surgical management of rectal cancer located 12 to 6 cm. from the anal verge. They emphasize this technique pointing out the necessity of further investigations which may confirm the possibility of obtaining a curative complete surgical removal as well as by abdomino-perineal resection. PMID- 6680888 TI - [Alkaline reflux after gastric resection using the Billroth II method]. AB - Among the more indicative complications encountered in gastrectomized patients, particularly in those cases where the Billroth II technique is used, bile and/or pancreatic reflux is undoubtedly one of the most important manifestations. The abolition of the "sphincteric" function of the pylorus creates a pathophysiological condition of the above-mentioned type when the surgery is not combined with specific antireflux techniques or when particular situations obtain which make alkaline reflux inevitable. These pathophysiological disorders lead to a "chronic gastritis of the stump", which often exhibits differing symptomatic pictures. There are patients in whom there is no correspondence between the anatomo-pathological and symptomatic pictures and who do not suffer at all, phereas there are others (5-35%) who complain of severe symptoms such as epigastric pain aggravated by ingestion of food, reduction in weight, nausea, bile vomiting and often haemorrhagic stillicide with consequent sideropaenic hypochromic anaemia. Taking the above-mentioned considerations as their starting point, the authors set out to investigate these complications more thoroughly in the pathology of gastrectomized patients by means of the long-term follow-up of such patients coming to them for observation after having been subjected to surgical therapy in the form of Billroth II gastric resection (gastro-enterostomy according to Balfour-Kroenlein, or according to Hofmeister-Fininsterer). The study, which is currently still in progress, involves a thorough clinical examination of the symptoms complained of as well as radiological, gastroscopic, histological and haematochemical investigations. The authors report on their preliminary results. PMID- 6680889 TI - [Early gastric cancer: considerations on 22 cases]. AB - Twenty two cases of early gastric cancer were observed in an overall group of 171 patients with gastric cancer. Clinic, radiological and endoscopic elements for diagnosis were discussed, as well as isto-pathological identification and treatment methods. Late prognosis, as related to degree of local and nodes involvement and to surgery applied, was considered. PMID- 6680890 TI - [Multivariate statistical analysis in predicting bronchopulmonary complications after surgical interventions in cancer of the lung]. AB - A multivaried statistic process, the linear discriminant analysis, applied to VEMS, CV, I.T., FEF 25-75, pH, PaO2, PaCO2, was used by the authors to foresee, in 42 patients suffering from bronchogenous carcinoma, the arising or absence of respiratory complications after operation. With such method, the falsely positive or negative previsions, resulted to be 13 with a total percentage of error as high as 30%. These results suggest that, even when elaborated through the multivaried analysis, the parameters studied do not allow to adequately discriminate the patients who would develop, after operation, bronchopulmonary complications from those who would be exent from them. PMID- 6680891 TI - [Significance of biliary lithiasic pathology in the etiopathogenesis of carcinoma of the large intestine]. AB - With the purpose to study the eventual existence of a correlation between biliary lithiasis and colon-rectum carcinoma, the authors effected a retrospective study of the clinical material concerning 1283 patients hospitalized in the 1st Surgery Institute for large intestine carcinoma. The relative anamnestic data were compared with those of a control population. The results emerging from the research, checked in their statistic significance, seem to support the existence of such correlation. The hypothesis of a possible common etiopathogenesis of both diseases is proposed. PMID- 6680892 TI - [Bochdalek's hernia with retroperitoneal contents in adults]. AB - The authors report a case they had the opportunity to observe, surgically treated (thoraco-phrenotomy, removal of the herniated mass, repair of the diaphragmatic breach). They illustrate the genesis of such abnormality, its incidence and symptomatology. The Authors, moreover, dwell upon the diagnostic problems caused by Bochdalek's hernia with retroperitoneal contents, and upon the advantages shown by the thoracic way of aggression in the light of their own experience. PMID- 6680893 TI - [Cirsoid aneurysm: apropos of a clinical case]. AB - The authors, after mentioning the anatomopathologic, physiopathologic and clinical features of cyrsoid aneurysms, presently classed in the chapter of the congenital artero-venous fistulas, show a case, angiographically discovered, of cyrsoid aneurysm with palmar location, elsewhere already subjected twice to unsuccessful operation, and successfully operated at the Institute of Surgical Pathology of the Pavia University. The Authors think the morphologic and topographic features of such lesion, its relative local malignancy and trend to relapsing, justify why the old denomination of cyrsoid aneurysm was kept, even in the frame of the more general chapter of artero-venous fistulas. PMID- 6680894 TI - [Biliary ileus (description of 2 clinical cases)]. AB - Biliary ileus is a rare complication of the biliary pathology, appearing through obstructive pictures of patients in advanced age. After a careful study about this subject, the authors report two cases they had he opportunity to observe. PMID- 6680895 TI - [Transduodenal papillosphincterotomy. Remarks on 138 cases (1975-1982)]. AB - Transduodenal papillosphincterotomy, largely performed since many years, is still controversial. The retrospective analysis of 138 cases allows a discussion about its indications and some important details of surgical technique. Particularly, the authors report a relative low incidence of serious complications, with peculiar regard to postsurgical acute pancreatitis, and satisfactory long-term results (follow-up ranging from one to eight years) in the 95,2% of cases. PMID- 6680896 TI - [Bilemia: diagnosis and conservative treatment. Apropos of a case complicated by hepatic abscess]. AB - The authors report a case of bilemia of their own--with traumatic genesis- complicated by liver abscess, treated through outside biliary drainage and piloted transhepatic percutaneous drainages along the line of the echotomography and computerized axial tomography (T.A.C.). They report the treatment adopted, and emphasize the importance of the instrumental methods followed in the diagnostical and therapeutical approach of both diseases. PMID- 6680897 TI - [Contribution of computerized axial tomography in the study of splenic injuries]. AB - The splenic traumatic from a retrospective study of splenic traumatic lesions, they had the opportunity to observe in the last 2 years, emphasize the importance of T.A.C. (Computed Axial Tomograph). Such inspection, quick to be executed and non-invading, allows a thorough study of abdomen, and is a guide to a correct surgical option. PMID- 6680898 TI - Human blood coagulation: clinical and laboratory correlation. PMID- 6680899 TI - Symposium on resuscitation. PMID- 6680900 TI - Electrical interventions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: cardioversion. AB - Although there are complications associated with cardioversion, they are relatively infrequent and usually of small magnitude compared with the primary disease. Cardioversion is an invaluable part of the emergency physician's armamentarium. PMID- 6680901 TI - Early management of burned patients. AB - Evaluation of the burned patient in the emergency department and fluid resuscitation of burned patients are discussed in detail. PMID- 6680902 TI - Lightning injuries. AB - Lightning victims who survive the initial insult can usually be treated conservatively, supportively, and expectantly. PMID- 6680903 TI - Hazardous chemicals. AB - Resuscitation of the patient who has been exposed to a toxic substance requires attention to good supportive care, attention to the safety of the rescuers and emergency department personnel, prompt and thorough decontamination, and use of specific antidotes when available. PMID- 6680904 TI - Forensic medicine in the emergency department. AB - Certain practices and procedures that take place in the emergency department may complicate the subsequent investigation of a death. Recognizing that the emergency physician has a duty to care for the living patient that cannot be compromised, the author focuses on the areas in which emergency department practices may be modified to better meet the need for an accurate and informed determination of the cause of death. PMID- 6680905 TI - [Medico-social study of a student sample from a Roman high school]. PMID- 6680906 TI - [Sewage and industrial pollution of the salt water of an estuary. Possibility of decontamination. III. Eutrophication phenomena]. PMID- 6680907 TI - [Presence of salmonellae in meat products intended for domestic animals]. PMID- 6680909 TI - [Preliminary observations on the applicability of the in vitro test to detect bacterial endotoxins to bottled water]. PMID- 6680908 TI - [Kinetics of antibacterial and antimycotic activity of an antiseptic solution on various substrates]. PMID- 6680910 TI - [The aged in our society. Health services. Possible return to work]. PMID- 6680911 TI - [Importance of stool cultures in screening and prevention in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Statistical data over a 30 month period]. PMID- 6680912 TI - [Presence of Yersinia in animals and foods of animal origin]. PMID- 6680913 TI - [Relationship between stressful work, personality and catecholamine excretion]. PMID- 6680914 TI - Beta-GUI in the screening of Salmonella genus. PMID- 6680915 TI - [Prevalence of healthy carriers of Yersinia enterocolitica in the province of Rome]. PMID- 6680916 TI - [Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in northwestern Sardinia]. PMID- 6680917 TI - [Case-control study of the presence of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in patients with hemolymphopathies and malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 6680918 TI - [Considerations on the notification of acute hepatitis in the European countries]. PMID- 6680919 TI - [Organization of first-aid in acute poisoning caused by methyl bromide]. PMID- 6680920 TI - [Presence of sulfites in various meat products]. PMID- 6680921 TI - [Microbiologic investigation of chocolate contaminated with Salmonella napoli]. PMID- 6680922 TI - [Isolation of Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni from products of animal origin]. PMID- 6680923 TI - beta-GUI: a new differential medium for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6680924 TI - Stimulation of myometrial and decidual prostaglandin production by amniotic fluid from term, but not midtrimester pregnancies. AB - The effect of amniotic fluid obtained from second trimester (16-20 wks) and term pregnancies (38-41 wks) on the production of PGE and F by human amnion, decidua and myometrium at term was determined using tissue slices incubated in vitro. Midpregnancy amniotic fluid neither inhibited nor stimulated the prostanoid production by any of the tissues. In contrast, term amniotic fluid obtained before as well as after the onset of labor markedly increased the production of both PGE and PGF in decidua and myometrium from levels in Krebs solution. The prostanoid production (PGE + PGF) in amnion was not significantly increased but the proportion of PGF was raised during incubations in term amniotic fluid. In decidua and myometrium the increase in PGE and PGF production in term amniotic fluid was approximately 200 and 400 percent respectively, from control values in Krebs solution. We propose that the stimulatory activity in term amniotic fluid is responsible for the accelerated synthesis of prostaglandins after rupture of membranes, which is reflected in raised PGF metabolite levels in maternal circulation. It may also be the reason for the rise in amniotic fluid prostaglandin levels around the 35th week of gestation, and perhaps for the onset of labor. PMID- 6680925 TI - Kinetics of the reaction between testosterone and antitestosterone antiserum. AB - In order to characterize from a kinetic viewpoint the antibody population mainly involved in the binding of testosterone by its homologous antiserum, the kinetics of the association reaction between [1,2,6,7-3H]-testosterone and rabbit antiserum anti-testosterone-3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime-bovine serum albumin (Ab R2603-1) was followed at pH 7.4 and at constant ionic strength, at temperatures ranging from 2 degrees C to 37 degrees C and at concentration near to work conditions for testosterone radioimmunoassay; dextran coated charcoal suspension was used for the bound/free separation. In the examined concentration range, the observed kinetics trends can be explained by assuming the existence of two classes of antibody binding sites, Ab1 and Ab2. The kinetics of the dissociation reaction of the testosterone-antibody complex was also followed after the addition of a large excess of unlabeled testosterone. At 22.0 degrees C, association and dissociation rate constants are 2.1.10(7) s-1M-1 and 3.7.10(-3) s 1, respectively, for the Ab1 class of antibody binding sites, and 3.6.10(6) s-1M 1 and 7.0.10(-4) s-1 for the Ab2 class. Equilibrium constants obtained from kinetic data were very similar for both classes of antibody binding sites and in good agreement with the equilibrium values obtained from linear Scatchard plot. The order of magnitude of the second order rate constants and the high activation enthalpy for the forward and reverse reaction suggest a mechanism more complex than a simple second order. PMID- 6680926 TI - The conversion of cortisol into its principal metabolites, their tissular concentrations and transplacental transfer during 3H-cortisol infusion of mother and fetal guinea-pigs. AB - During continuous infusion of 3H-cortisol in the circulation of the guinea-pig mother or fetus, radioactive metabolites appear in both maternal and fetal blood. These cortisol-derived compounds were identified principally as cortisone, tetrahydrocortisol (THF) and tetrahydrocortisone (THE). There were unidentified others in low quantities. The cortisone of the maternal plasma is 100% maternal in origin since that of the fetal plasma is 50% fetal in origin between days 62 and 66 and increased thereafter. An identical profile was noted for THF. THE seemed to be synthetized in the fetal guinea-pig and was transferred to the mother in increasing amounts near term. Liver concentrations of cortisol were higher than those of plasma in the mother. Maternal liver appeared to be the main organ of cortisol metabolism in the mother-fetus unit, but maternal adrenal may contribute to this metabolism. PMID- 6680927 TI - On the processing of saliva samples for progesterone assay. AB - Reports from several laboratories indicate that the concentration of progesterone in the saliva provides a valid indicator of corpus luteum function. However, optimal conditions for the treatment and storage of saliva specimens prior to analysis was not addressed in these papers. We have found that 1) sonication of saliva in brief bursts produces a homogeneous sample from which progesterone is removed quantitatively by a single extraction with hexane in a vortex mixer, and 2) prompt freezing of saliva is important since storage of samples at room temperature for 48 hours results in a significant decrease in radioimmunoassayable progesterone. Four normal women provided daily saliva specimens throughout one menstrual cycle and serum samples every 3 days during the luteal phase. Excellent correlations between the progesterone profiles in the two fluids were obtained. PMID- 6680928 TI - An improved method for the chemical synthesis of steroidal 20-oxo-21-oic acids. AB - A procedure is described for the chemical synthesis of steroidal-20-oxo-21-oic acids and -17 alpha(-hydroxy-20-oxo-21-oic acids. Corticosteroid derivatives containing the 20-oxo-21-aldehyde side chain are oxidized with freshly generated silver oxide in dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide. PMID- 6680929 TI - Structure-activity relationships of 9 beta-estrogens. AB - The 9 beta isomers of estradiol-17 beta, estradiol-17 a estrone and 17 ethinylestradiol-17 beta were synthesized and compared with their 9a-counterparts in the rat uterine cytosol estrogen receptor, uterotropic, and gonadotropin release inhibition assays. Except for 17-ethinyl-9 beta-estradiol-17 beta which was as active as its 9a isomer in the uterotropic assay, none of the 9 beta estrogens exhibited any biological activity which was equal to or greater than their 9a counterparts. For examples, 9 beta-estradiol-17 beta was 1/10 as active as estradiol-17 beta, and 9 beta-estrone was 1/4 as active as estrone in the uterotropic assay. PMID- 6680930 TI - The C17,20-lyase, 17 alpha-hydroxylase and aromatase activity in rat ovarian granulosa cells stimulated in vivo by gonadotropins. AB - Immature hypophysectomized rats were injected with PMS; some groups received hCG 48h later. The C17,20-lyase activity in the granulosa cells removed from the large preovulatory follicles was estimated by the amount of labelled acetic acid produced from 21 (14C) progesterone or 17-hydroxyprogesterone. 17 alpha hydroxylase and aromatase activity were measured by the tritium exchange method. Although the granulosa cells contained lyase, it was considerably less than their hydroxylase activity. The remaining tissue, consisting of small follicles and hypertrophied thecal and interstitial tissue, had a great deal more lyase and hydroxylase activity than did the granulosa cells. The results are consistent with the view that granulosa cells can produce estrogen from progesterone and do not require androgen precursors from the theca and/or interstitium. PMID- 6680931 TI - Polyamine biosynthetic decarboxylase activities following estradiol-17 beta or estriol stimulation of the immature rat uterus. AB - Following a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 microgram estradiol-17 beta (E2) into immature female rats uterine ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity increased to a peak at 4 hours postinjection. It decreased to intermediate levels by 6 hours and remained elevated until returning to control levels by 18 hours. When either 0.5 microgram estriol (E3) or 0.05 microgram E2 was injected, activity increased to a 4 hour ODC peak then decreased to control levels by 10 hours. The decrease to intermediate levels of ODC activity after dosing with 0.5 microgram E2 occurred at the same time activity decreased to control levels following treatment with either 0.05 microgram E2 or 0.5 micrograms E3. S Adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) activity had increased by 4 hours following an injection of 0.5 microgram E2 and remained elevated until 16 hours then decreased to control levels. An injection of 0.05 microgram E3 stimulated only a 4 hour peak after which time SAMDC decreased to control levels by 14 hours. After an injection of 5.0 microgram E2 SAMDC activity had increased by 4 hours and remained elevated for the remainder of the experiment (16 hours). Decreases in ODC activity following 4 and 10 hours may reflect a decrease in nuclear estrogen receptor levels. The ODC activity seen here following 0.5 microgram E2 injection is similar in timing to that seen in other proliferating systems and may be due to a common mechanism. PMID- 6680932 TI - Asymmetric reduction of steroidal 20-ketones: chemical synthesis of corticosteroid derivatives containing the 20 alpha, 21-diol and 17 alpha, 20 alpha, 21-triol side chains. AB - A method is presented for the chemical synthesis of corticosteroid derivatives containing the 20 alpha, 21-diol and 17 alpha, 20 alpha, 21-triol side chains. The ketol side chains of cortisol, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 11 deoxycorticosterone were reduced at C-20 with sodium borohydride in a two-phase system consisting of aqueous calcium chloride and an organic phase of chloroform or ethyl acetate. Stereoselectivity of reduction was 92% alpha-oriented for cortisol and 79% alpha-oriented for 11-deoxycortisol at -27 degrees. The 20 alpha form diminished relative to the 20 beta-form with increasing temperature. For the 17-deoxy steroids, reduction to the 20 alpha-form was 23% for 11 deoxycorticosterone and 41% for corticosterone. The 20 alpha/20 beta ratios of 17 deoxy steroids were unchanged between 0 degree and -27 degrees. Calcium ions increased the solubility of corticosteroids in the aqueous phase. We propose that calcium ions affect the stereochemistry of reduction by forming a bidentate complex with the side chains of 17 alpha-hydroxy steroids, fixing them in an orientation favorable to 20 alpha-reduction, and by altering the phase partition of the steroids. PMID- 6680933 TI - Studies in antifertility agents--Part XLI : Secosteroids--X : Syntheses of various stereoisomers of (+/-) 2,6 beta -diethyl-7 alpha -ethynyl-3-(p hydroxyphenyl)-trans-bicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-7 beta-ol. AB - The syntheses of (+/-) 2 alpha,6 beta -diethyl-7 alpha -ethynyl-3 alpha-(p hydroxyphenyl)-trans- bicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-7 beta-ol (8), (+/-)2 beta,6 beta diethyl-7 alpha-ethynyl-3 beta-(p-methoxy-phenyl)-trans-bicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-7 beta-ol 12 and (+/-) 2 alpha,6 beta-diethyl-7 alpha-ethynyl-3 beta-(p hydroxyphenyl)- trans-bicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-7 beta-ol (18) and their derivatives, which are essentially B-seco-steroids having cis-anti-trans, cis-syn-trans and trans-anti-trans geometries have been carried out. A study of their antiimplantation activities (AI) and receptor binding affinities (RBA) show that trans-anti-trans compounds are biologically most potent, followed by the corresponding cis-anti-trans and cis-syn-trans compounds. The most potent compound 18 is active at 1 mg/kg in rats. Introduction of 7 alpha-ethynyl group increases their AI activity; however, no significant effect on their RBA is observed. PMID- 6680934 TI - A facile synthesis of [3 alpha-3 H]beta -sitosterol. AB - Direct oxidation of the parent sterol using CrO3 provided (24R)-24-ethyl-5 cholesten-3-one which on treatment with NaBT4 gave [3 alpha-3 H] (24R)-24-ethyl-5 cholesten-3 beta-ol. Purification at each stage afforded samples which were compared spectrally with the corresponding cholesterol series compounds. PMID- 6680935 TI - Synthesis of 3 alpha,7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one. AB - A short and efficient method for the stereospecific synthesis of 3 alpha,7 alpha dihydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one was accomplished from the readily available 4 androstene-3,17-dione. Key steps are the stereospecific and selective epoxidation of 4,6-androstadiene-3,17-dione, followed by hydrogenations with carefully selected reagents, solvents and reaction conditions. PMID- 6680936 TI - [Hydatid cyst of the heart in children. Apropos of 6 cases]. PMID- 6680937 TI - [Hyperparathyroidism and renal lithiasis. Apropos of 19 cases]. PMID- 6680938 TI - [Eye injuries in Tunisian children]. PMID- 6680939 TI - [Inflammatory pseudotumors of the lung apropos of 2 surgical cases]. PMID- 6680940 TI - [Intermediate results of valvular bioprostheses]. PMID- 6680941 TI - [Interventricular communication caused by nonpenetrating chest injuries]. PMID- 6680942 TI - [Thymic carcinoid associated with paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6680943 TI - [A rare cause of hemobilia: ascaridiasis of the bile ducts]. PMID- 6680944 TI - [Organization of community medicine or how to coordinate health activities for population groups]. PMID- 6680945 TI - [Terminal chronic renal insufficiency. Current possibilities in substitution therapy in the Tunisian Sahel region]. PMID- 6680946 TI - [Transverse presentation in the Maternity Department of the Habib Thameur Hospital]. PMID- 6680947 TI - [Treatment of priapism by a balanocavernous fistula. Apropos of 7 case reports]. PMID- 6680948 TI - [Regressive arterial spasm of a lower limb]. PMID- 6680949 TI - [Rigid or flexible bronchoscopy? (Comparative study of 120 cases of primary bronchopulmonary cancer)]. PMID- 6680951 TI - [Establishing a population "health assessment"]. PMID- 6680950 TI - [Contribution of rigid tube bronchoscopy to pneumologic diagnosis (study apropos of 500 cases)]. PMID- 6680953 TI - [Bronchial rupture caused by blunt chest injuries. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 6680952 TI - [Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma (apropos of 7 cases)]. PMID- 6680954 TI - [Chronicity in the psychiatric milieu]. PMID- 6680955 TI - [The general practitioner faced with upper urinary tract diversion]. PMID- 6680956 TI - [Perspectives of the study of cerebral metabolism in vivo]. PMID- 6680957 TI - [Thoracic and abdominal injuries (apropos of 57 cases)]. PMID- 6680958 TI - [Consumption hypocomplementemia. Significance in human pathology]. PMID- 6680959 TI - [Correlation of blood cholesterol and other parameters in the population of Tunis]. PMID- 6680960 TI - [Bronchoalveolar lavage: its application to the diagnosis of allergic alveolitis]. PMID- 6680961 TI - [Bronchoalveolar lavage. Preliminary cytologic study]. PMID- 6680962 TI - [Contribution of flexible bronchoscopy to the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary cancer (apropos of 100 cases)]. PMID- 6680964 TI - [Tobacco smoking in young female high-school students]. PMID- 6680963 TI - [Cancerous pleuresies observed at the Ariana Institute from 1973 to 1979]. PMID- 6680965 TI - [Primary bronchial cancer: apropos of 156 pneumology cases the Averoes Casablanca University Hospital Center]. PMID- 6680966 TI - [Pulmonary embolism in a pneumology setting]. PMID- 6680967 TI - [Pneumoconiosis at a phosphate mine]. PMID- 6680968 TI - [Tracheo-bronchial rupture (clinical study apropos of 8 cases)]. PMID- 6680969 TI - [Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6680970 TI - [Direct B.C.G. vaccination or indiscriminate vaccination]. PMID- 6680971 TI - [Profile of pulmonary tuberculosis in Tunisian women at the Pneumo-Phthisiology Department of the Institut de Pneumo-Phthisiologie de l'Ariana (1965-1980)]. PMID- 6680972 TI - [Mortality in a pneumophtisiology department in Tunis]. PMID- 6680973 TI - [Acute postoperative alithiasic cholecystitis]. PMID- 6680974 TI - [Program of the campaign against acute rheumatoid arthritis within the framework of primary health care]. PMID- 6680975 TI - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children. Apropos of 19 cases observed in Tunis]. PMID- 6680976 TI - [Lymphangioma of the orbit]. PMID- 6680977 TI - [Lupoid nephrotic syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6680978 TI - [Various aspects of child morbidity in the hospital environment: impact on medical education and the efficiency of peripheral medicine]. PMID- 6680979 TI - [Aptitude for physical exercise in nonathletic 9 to 12-year-old Tunisian children]. PMID- 6680980 TI - [Scientific activity in Chile. Publications registered during the period 1980 1982]. AB - Scientific activity in Chile from 1980 to 1982 was studied examining the publications registered by the Institute for Scientific Information. Abstracts were not considered. The list of publications which were produced in chilian laboratories was taken from the ASCA service. After classifying the areas to which each article belonged and also the university where the work was performed, the information was processed using a computer system. Almost 80% of the papers were published by universities. The more productive fields in the universities were biology (45,2%), medical sciences (25,9%) and chemistry (13,4%). Detailed data is presented for the biological sciences. The prevailing lack of support and encouragement for scientific research in Chile is discussed. PMID- 6680981 TI - Cardiovascular responses to hypoxia in the spontaneously breathing cat: reflexes originating from carotid and aortic bodies. AB - The heart rate (fH) and systemic arterial pressure (Pa) responses to transient anoxemic and cytotoxic hypoxia were studied in 18 pentobarbitone-anesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats, by applying N2 tests and i.v. injections of NaCN. Hyperventilation was accompanied by short-latency increases in Pa and fH; they persisted after bilateral vagotomy, sparing the aortic nerves. Acute section of carotid or aortic nerves in different sequences reduced both fH and Pa responses, the contribution of both pairs of nerves being similar. The recording of carotid chemosensory discharges showed transient stimulus-dependent increases in their frequency, to which the ensuing fH and Pa rises were correlated. After sectioning the four buffer nerves, hypoxia provoked long-lasting hypotension and bradycardia. Tachycardia was also observed in response to hypoxia in 4 out of 6 chloralose-anesthetized spontaneously breathing cats, the other two presenting bradycardia. The direction of these cyanide-induced changes in fH was not modified by bilateral vagotomy. It is concluded that tachycardia and hypertension in response to hypoxia are not vagally-mediated consequences of hyperventilation. PMID- 6680983 TI - Genetic analysis of subcellular organization. PMID- 6680984 TI - [Symposium: The characterization of drug receptors]. PMID- 6680982 TI - Effect of postcoital oestradiol treatment upon transport, growth, differentiation and viability of preimplantation mouse embryos. AB - This study was designed to assess the relative contribution of ovum transport anomalies and alterations of various developmental parameters upon the contraceptive effect of postcoital estrogen treatment in mice. Females received a single s.c. injection from 0.001 to 100 micrograms of oestradiol or vehicle on day 1 of pregnancy and were sacrificed 28, 52 or 76 hours after treatment to determine the location and development of embryos in the genital tract or on day 12 of pregnancy to assess the number of viable implanted embryos. Preimplantation embryos were classified according to developmental parameters into normal, retarded or arrested. Pregnancy was completely suppressed by 10 and 100 micrograms of oestradiol. A partial and dose related block of pregnancy was observed with 0.01 to 1 microgram of oestradiol. Treatment with these doses was associated with delayed oviductal transport, decreased cleavage rate, inhibition of blastulation and arrested development. The number of implanted embryos recorded on day 12 coincided with the number of normal embryos observed at 76 hours, regardless of their location and number of cells. Statistically significant but minor decreases in the cleavage rate and transitory oviductal retention caused by oestradiol neither prevented implantation nor affected subsequent viability of mouse embryos. It is concluded that the inhibition of pregnancy that follows postcoital administration of oestradiol is associated with a variety of effects upon embryo transport and preimplantation development, which appear in different combinations with each dose and contribute unequally to its interceptive effect. PMID- 6680985 TI - [Symposium: Variation and invariance in biology]. PMID- 6680987 TI - [Symposium: The autonomic nervous system in circulatory regulation]. PMID- 6680986 TI - [Symposium: The early populations of South America: relation of kindreds and migratory routes]. PMID- 6680988 TI - [Abstracts of proceedings: 26th annual meeting of the Sociedad de Biologia de Chile]. PMID- 6680989 TI - [Abstracts of proceedings: 5th annual meeting of the Sociedad de Farmacologia de Chile]. PMID- 6680990 TI - [Abstracts of proceedings: 16th annual meeting of the Sociedad de Genetica de Chile]. PMID- 6680991 TI - [Scientific meetings of students]. PMID- 6680992 TI - What is it to see? AB - We as neurobiologists studying vision usually do not ask the question what is it to see? because we considered it a philosophical and not a biological question, and do not realize that we answer it implicitly by doing what we do in our research. This implicit answer entails the basic assumption that we exist in an objective world independent of our acts of cognition and accessible to our knowledge. My contention is: a) that by answering the question what is it to see? one can show that this assumption cannot be sustained because the phenomenon of perception cannot consist in a process of grasping the features of an independent world of objects; and b) that by reflecting upon the nature of a scientific explanation one can show that this assumption is unnecessary because a scientific explanation is a particular kind of coordinations of actions in a community of observers that does not entail it. In this context, a) by putting objectivity in parenthesis, that is, by using the operational generation of scientific explanations and not the object as the criterion of validation of my statements, and, b) by recognizing that the nervous system operates as a closed neuronal network in the generation of its states of activity, I show that the phenomenon of perception arises in the description of an observer as a manner of referring to the operation of an organism in congruence with the particular environment in which it is observed. In these circumstances, my answer to the initial question is: to see is a particular manner of operating as a closed neuronal system component of an organism in a domain of structural coupling. Finally, I propose that by dwelling in language as a peculiar system of coordinations of actions, we human beings bring forth an objective world through using our own changes of states as describers that specify the objects that constitute it. PMID- 6680993 TI - Single unit studies in the visual cortex of rodents. AB - This paper deals with the visual topography in the rat and hamster visual cortex, and with receptive field maps and trigger features of visual units in rat visual cortex. The visuotopic organization of the primary visual cortex (area 17) and the extrastriate visual regions surrounding it (areas 18a and 18) was studied in gray rats and hamsters using standard microelectrode techniques. The results confirm and extend previous observations in the rat and reveal in hamster an organization more complex than previously reported. In the rat, apart from the representation of the contralateral visual field (VF) in area 17, in which the upper VF is represented caudally and the nasal VF laterally, there are additional representations of the VF in the extrastriate cortex. In lateral extrastriate cortex (area 18a) there are at least four such representations, namely latero medial (LM), antero lateral (AL), latero intermediate (LI) and latero-lateral (LL). In LM (second visual area) the upper VF is represented caudally at the nasal FV, medially, being thus a mirror image of V1. In AL (third visual area) the upper VF is represented rostrally and the nasal VF, medially, being thus a mirror image of LM. In LI the upper VF is medial, and the nasal VF, lateral, being thus a mirror image of LM, or a reduced copy of V1. In LL, the upper VF is caudal and the nasal VF, medial, being thus a mirror image of LI, or a reduced copy of LM. In medial extrastriate cortex (area 18) there are two representations of the temporal VF, labelled antero-medial (AM) and postero medial (PM). In AM, the upper temporal VF is medial and the lower temporal VF, lateral, the extreme temporal field being rostral. The 30 degree azimuth provides the boundary between AM and PM. Thus, AM is organized as a counter clock wise rotation by 90 degrees of the V1 representation. In PM, the upper lower VF topography is like in AM, but the extreme temporal VF is caudal, being thus a mirror image of AM. Our preliminary study of visual topography is hamster shows an organization at least as elaborate as that of rat. Finally, we have compared RFs of striate vs extrastriate units. Our extrastriate units showed similar trigger features and field maps as in V1, but with larger RF sizes and a proportion of rapidly habituating cells. The percent distribution of field types, at least in LM and AM was similar to that in V1. PMID- 6680994 TI - Ultrastructural identification of satellite interneurons in the rat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - Multiple injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were placed in the occipital cortex of rats, including all striate and extrastriate visual areas, to examine with the electron microscope the population of retrogradely labeled and unlabeled cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), for the purpose of ultrastructurally identifying geniculate interneurons. O-tolidine was used as chromogen in the histochemical procedure. EM analysis of LGN showed dense HRP reaction products diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of virtually all large and medium size geniculate cells, identifying the geniculo-cortical relay cells. The classes of unlabeled cells distinguished in this study are oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and other small cells whose glial or neural nature is difficult to assess in light microscopic semithin sections. In serial ultrathin sections, these small cells were seen to be presynaptic in somato-somatic synapses with relay cells, and to give origin to presynaptic dendrites. These neurons are cytologically identifiable by their small size, scant cytoplasm, characteristic chromatin clumps in nuclei that are not indented, and by having extended contacts with the cytologically different relay cells. We conclude that these neurons were not retrogradely labeled because of their intrinsic nature in LGN and, because of their common contacts with relay cells, we term them "satellite interneurons". PMID- 6680995 TI - [International symposium: Structure and function of biological macromolecules. Abstracts]. PMID- 6680996 TI - Effect of clinofibrate on lipid metabolism of aorta in atherosclerotic rats. AB - Atherosclerotic lesions formed in the aorta of rats given diet containing propylthiouracil (PTU), vitamin D2 and high cholesterol diet (atherogenic) for 8 weeks. The effect of clinofibrate, which lowers the plasma lipid level, on lipid metabolism in the arterial wall of the atherosclerotic rats was studied. Clinofibrate significantly decreased the high plasma cholesterol level of atherosclerotic rats, which was 823 +/- 256 (mean +/- SD) mg/dl, or about ten times that of control rats (85 +/- 11 mg/dl). On treatment with clinofibrate, the cholesterol level was reduced most in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction (d less than 1.006). Heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase activity in epididymal adipose tissue, lipoprotein lipase activity in post heparin plasma, and VLDL-triolein hydrolizing activity in adipose tissue stromal vessels were higher in clinofibrate-treated rats than in atherosclerotic rats. Of the enzymes in the arterial wall concerned with cholesterol ester metabolism, acid cholesterol esterase activity was decreased in atherosclerotic rats, and clinofibrate treatment increased this activity. The ratio of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase activity (ACAT) to neutral cholesterol esterase activity was higher in atherosclerotic rats than in control rats and was lower in clinofibrate treated rats than in atherosclerotic rats. From these results, it is concluded that clinofibrate modifies enzyme activities in such a way as to cause a reduction of cholesterol accumulation in the arterial wall and lowers the plasma VLDL and LDL cholesterol levels. PMID- 6680997 TI - Assessment, in vitro, of the thrombogenicity of embolic homologous arterial thrombus material and of cholesterol crystals. AB - One of the complications associated with atherothromboembolic lesions is thrombosis. Recent evidence suggests that a non-lipid component of atheroma is intensely thrombogenic. To determine whether other of the embolic components might be thrombogenic, both homologous arterial thrombus material and pure cholesterol crystals were assessed by adding 0.9 mg of thrombus material or an equivalent quantity of crystals to 1 ml aliquots of recalcified rabbit arterial blood in tests designed to measure either clotting times or the size and weight of thrombi experimentally induced in a Chandler tube apparatus. This data was compared to that of comparative saline control conditions. The results indicate that homologous arterial thrombus material is moderately thrombogenic and that cholesterol crystals are not thrombogenic. This study demonstrates that embolizing arterial thrombus material could be contributory to secondary, and thus potentially more injurious, reactions in embolic vascular disease, and that cholesterol crystals appear not to contribute to complicating secondary thrombotic reactions. PMID- 6680998 TI - Different uptake in rat peritoneal macrophages of beta-very low density lipoprotein prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats and hypercholesterolemic rats (ExHC rats). AB - Rat beta-migrating very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) was obtained from both ExHC rats and Sprague-Dawley rats which had been fed a cholesterol diet for 4 days, and was incubated with peritoneal macrophages from both kinds of rat to compare the cellular uptake of these lipoproteins. ExHC rat beta-VLDL was taken up by the cells three to five times as well as Sprague-Dawley rat beta-VLDL. Uptake depended solely on the lipoproteins used and not on the cells. Both lipoproteins seemed to be slightly different from each other in apolipoprotein composition. This stimulated uptake may explain the aortic lipid deposits found in ExHC rats with dietary hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 6680999 TI - Decreased dietary lipid deposition in spontaneous lesions distal to a stenosis in the rat caudal artery. AB - When male Wistar rats are fed a high fat and cholesterol diet, the small lesions in the caudal artery which form spontaneously with age exhibit, to various degrees, focal accumulation of lipids. Lesions in the proximal part of the artery show more intense lipid deposits than those in the distal part. In order to determine the influence of changes in hemodynamic factors on lipid accumulation within these lesions, a stenosis was experimentally induced in the proximal part of the caudal artery in 15, 5-week old rats. These rats, plus 15 age-matched controls, were then fed a high fat and cholesterol diet for 8 weeks and thereafter their caudal arteries were taken for histological examination and quantification of lipid deposits within lesions. Results showed that in the stenosed arteries, the mean percentage of highly fatty lesions was significantly decreased and that of fat-free lesions was significantly increased distal to the stenosis compared to control arteries, indicating the importance of hemodynamic factors in the deposition of nutritional lipids within spontaneous arterial lesions. However, within the stenosed group, there was apparently no correlation between the degree of stenosis and the extent of fat deposits within lesions. PMID- 6681000 TI - Infantile colic: a review. AB - Infant colic is an extremely common but poorly understood symptom complex, causing great distress for infant, parents, and physician. Many theories have been suggested to explain this entity, but none are widely accepted. Numerous therapies have been proposed; however, few are helpful. A review of infant colic is presented which focuses on suggested etiologies and therapies, either of historic interest or practical significance. An approach to management is suggested which the authors have found to be valuable. PMID- 6681001 TI - Immunological incompetence in burn patients. PMID- 6681002 TI - IgA nephropathy: clinicopathological and immunological studies. PMID- 6681003 TI - The prevalence of skin sensitization to Aspergillus antigens among asthmatic patients in Singapore. PMID- 6681004 TI - Protective antibodies after vaccination with human diploid cell rabies vaccine. PMID- 6681005 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins: their diagnostic role in neurosyphilis. PMID- 6681006 TI - Comparison of Swedish and Japanese venom antigens in the diagnosis of Hymenoptera hypersensitivity in Japan. PMID- 6681007 TI - Pulmonary aspergillosis: immunological syndromes. PMID- 6681008 TI - The regulation of male fertility: an immunological approach. PMID- 6681010 TI - Treatment of allergic rhinitis. PMID- 6681011 TI - Chairman's report to the WHO-IUIS Nomenclature Committee. Kyoto, 25 August 1983. PMID- 6681009 TI - Does acupuncture work in asthma? PMID- 6681012 TI - Impaired local immune system in vitamin A deficiency. PMID- 6681013 TI - Histological study of local skin injected with adjuvant-active and -inactive muramyl dipeptide (MDP) (histological change in MDP injected skin. PMID- 6681015 TI - The universal aspect of science and culture. PMID- 6681014 TI - Effects of bioflavonoids on phagocytosis, intracellular bactericidal activity and chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear cells. PMID- 6681016 TI - [Tumor immunology: difficult routes through myths, epiphenomena and frustrations]. PMID- 6681017 TI - Evaluation of the immune responsiveness in laryngeal cancer patients with specific and aspecific tests: first results of follow-up in 80 cases. AB - We have evaluated in 80 patients suffering with laryngeal carcinoma their specific and aspecific immune responsiveness. We used the E rosette-test, the PHA induced in vitro stimulation and the in vitro specific LIF production. We chose to use the LIF production test both for its marked sensitivity and because the lymphokines--which are soluble mediators--act as a "bridge" between the different fields of the immune response. Furthermore in our previous research, we observed that the specific LIF production was influenced in a negative way by adherent cells of the peripheral blood that could behave as blocking factors. For what attains the autologous LIF production, before and after the removal of adherent cells, our results show that the patients suffering with a cancer staged as T3T4N1N2N3 exhibit much more marked blocking phenomena than the patients with a cancer staged as T1T2T3N0. In fact the results demonstrate that in this second group only 62% of the cases, after the removal of the adherent cells, showed an increase of LIF production, while this percentage rose to 83% for the patients with a more advanced disease. A similar pattern was found in those patients who showed a recurrence two of three years after the primary disease. PMID- 6681018 TI - Lipases production by Bacillus circulans under mesophilic and osmophilic conditions. Factors affecting lipases production. AB - A facultative osmophilic bacterium able to produce lipases (isolated from bee honey) was identified as Bacillus circulans. Factors affecting lipases production by such isolate were studied. Dox's liquid medium supplied with 2 and/or 30% sucrose was used as a basal medium, under static culture condition, for such a purpose. Results have showed that the optimal sucrose concentration at which the isolate produced its maximal yield of lipases was 30% after an incubation period of 24 hours at 40 degrees C, and this was corresponding to an incubation period of 48 hours at 40 degrees C in presence of 2% sucrose. The optimal pH value was 7 in the first case while, 6.5 in the second. Furthermore production of extracellular lipases by such isolate was achieved in presence and absence of tributyrin as a carbon source instead of sucrose when supplied to Dox's liquid medium. Also the production of extracellular lipases by such isolate was not enhanced in presence of tributyrin as a supplement to Dox's liquid medium when supplied with 2 and/or 30% sucrose as carbon sources. This might suggest that the extracellular lipases of such isolate is constitutive in nature. PMID- 6681019 TI - [Isolation, identification and frequency of dermatophytes in clinical specimens]. AB - The authors report the results of a research on Dermatophytes isolated from man. Out of 131 strains isolated, 43 (35%) were anthropofilic, 78 (63%) zoophilic and 1 (1%) geophilic. M. canis was the fungus more frequently isolated with a percentage of 50%. PMID- 6681020 TI - [Toxotoxin can be etiologically determinant in toxoplasmic infections-diseases]. AB - There have been some results of the antitoxotoxin investigation into antibodies in cases variously positive to the Dye test for the toxoplasmic infectious disease. The results point to various etiological considerations, therapeutic and therapeutic-prophylactic, on which the AA dwell briefly. They touch upon the possibility of a timely recourse to desensitization which, however, is sometimes not excluded even in cases which show a negative result to the toxotoxin. PMID- 6681021 TI - [Toxoplasmic infection-disease in suspected cases and healthy subjects]. AB - A short epidemiological presentation of the toxoplasmic infectious disease in our country on suspected cases compared with a clinically healthy group shows the importance of the phenomenon, especially for its various preventative and therapeutic implications. PMID- 6681022 TI - [Type B viral encephalitis: HBsAg testing in saliva and cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - The AA, taking the latest reports as a starting point, are attempting a first epidemiological reconsideration of Hepatitis, Virus B. They have found that the disease, which was generally thought not to be contagious, is actually deceptive in its potential for transmission from person to person. Hospital personnel, in particular, are greatly at risk as are their families. PMID- 6681023 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of antipneumococcal vaccination]. AB - While deaths due to Str. pneumoniae have substantially decreased, this agent still heads the list of pneumonia agents in the community. The best use of the available vaccines, prepared with the capsular polysaccharides of the most commonly involved serotypes and serogroups, is documented towards some selected groups of population more at risk, such as the aged, the chronic diseased and those living in commities. PMID- 6681024 TI - A comparison of minoxidil and hydralazine in non-azotemic hypertensives. AB - In 36 patients with normal renal function receiving hydrochlorothiazide and propranolol, lying diastolic blood pressure remained above 95 mmHg. In a double blind trial, Step 3 therapy with 5-40 mg/day of minoxidil reduced blood pressure somewhat more effectively than 25-200 mg/day of hydralazine. The percentage of patients with lying diastolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg was 69 versus 35% at four weeks, and 55 versus 40% at 28 weeks. Transient falls in blood pressure within 4 h of any dose were greater with hydralazine which usually needed to be given in divided daily doses. Minoxidil caused tachycardia, and more adverse effects. Minoxidil is more effective, produces more consistent blood pressure control throughout the day, and may often be administered once daily. PMID- 6681026 TI - The relationship of blood pressure to diet and lifestyle in two religious populations. AB - The association between blood pressure and a vegetarian diet was studied in relation to obesity, sex, age and lifestyle in 98 Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) lacto-ovo vegetarians, 82 SDA omnivores and 113 Mormon omnivores aged 25 to 44 years. Mean blood pressures adjusted for age, height and weight were significantly lower in SDA vegetarians than in Mormon omnivores (115.6/68.7 and 121.2/72.2, respectively, in males and 109.1/66.7 and 114.9/72.6, respectively, in females) and were not related to past or current use of alcohol, tobacco, tea and coffee, physical activity, personality or religious observance. Mean blood pressures in SDA omnivore males (121.7/71.7) were similar to those in Mormon males, while those in SDA omnivore females (109.9/67.4) were similar to SDA vegetarian females. Quetelet's Index in these subgroups demonstrated the same pattern as blood pressure and may reflect, in part, the high level of physical activity in female SDA omnivores. The prevalence of mild hypertension (greater than or equal to 140 mmHg systolic or greater than or equal to 90 mmHg diastolic) was 10 and 8.5% in Mormon and SDA omnivores, respectively, compared with 1 to 2% in SDA vegetarians. Analysis of diet records showed that vegetarians ate significantly more dietary fibre, polyunsaturated fat, magnesium and potassium and significantly less total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol than did Mormon omnivores. SDA omnivores had a dietary pattern which was less homogeneous, and which lay between those of the other groups. Which, if any, of these dietary differences were responsible for the blood pressure differences could not be determined in this study. PMID- 6681025 TI - Adrenal and sympathetic nervous activity in subjects with "low' and "high' normal blood pressure. AB - Possible adrenal and autonomic mechanisms contributing to the onset of essential hypertension were studied in 18 men selected from the upper and lower extremes of blood pressure distribution within a larger population. In eight of the nine pairs of subjects, who were matched for age and obesity, those with higher pressure had significantly higher resting levels of both free adrenaline and noradrenaline sulphate in plasma than their lower pressure counterparts. The higher pressure group showed a positive correlation between diastolic blood pressure and both free and total noradrenaline levels (r = 0.77, P less than 0.05, and r = 0.81, P less than 0.01, respectively). In those with lower pressure, systolic blood pressure correlated closely with plasma adrenaline (r = 0.92, P less than 0.001). Increased adrenal medullary activity and altered autonomic tone appear to be features of the higher range of normal blood pressure and may precede the onset of essential hypertension. PMID- 6681027 TI - Race, environment and blood pressure: the South African experience. PMID- 6681028 TI - Sodium excretion and blood pressure in middle-aged men in the Sogn County: an intra- and interpopulation study. AB - Blood pressure (BP) and daily sodium excretion were measured in 262 males aged 35 54 years from three separate districts of the Sogn county in Norway. Averages for mean arterial pressure and sodium excretion were 103.4 mmHg and 192.4 mmol/24 h respectively, which is similar to the excretion rates in most other Western societies. Interpopulation (between groups) analysis revealed statistically significant differences in sodium excretion and BP between the three districts, but no significant correlation was found between individual sodium excretion rates and the respective BPs (within group analysis). The mean urinary sodium/potassium ratio (Na/K) was significantly lower in the district with the lower BP level, but there was no statistically significant correlation between individual Na/K ratios and BP. The lack of significant correlation between sodium excretion and BP in the within group analysis as opposed to the between groups comparison could be due to large intra-individual variation of sodium excretion. PMID- 6681029 TI - The effect of a new calcium channel blocker nicardipine on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and the pressor response to isometric and dynamic exercise. AB - We have assessed the potential antihypertensive effect of a new slow channel blocker, nicardipine, in a group of patients with essential hypertension. Fourteen patients completed a study using the 'Oxford' system for recording blood pressure during free ambulation and physiological testing. An initial 24-h recording was performed on no treatment and repeated following chronic therapy with 40 mg b.d. of nicardipine. During each recording, the patients performed isometric and dynamic exercise according to a standardized protocol. Within patient comparisons of consecutive mean hourly systolic and diastolic blood pressures showed a reduction throughout the 24 h during nicardipine therapy. The reduction in blood pressure was also maintained at the peaks of isometric and dynamic exercise. Side-effects were encountered frequently and led to four patient withdrawals. Nicardipine appears to be effective in reducing blood pressure although the frequency of encountered side-effects may limit its usefulness as a first-line antihypertensive agent. PMID- 6681030 TI - The effect of patient 'familiarity' with blood pressure assessment on the accuracy of follow-up readings. AB - The fall in blood pressure that is commonly observed when groups of hypertensive individuals are followed without treatment is usually ascribed to two sources: regression towards the mean and increasing familiarity of the subject with the assessment process. Any effect of the latter process could bias the results of controlled studies in which one group is more frequently assessed than the other, a common situation in community trials. To assess the effect of familiarity, we randomly allocated 116 untreated, mildly hypertensive subjects to three-monthly or yearly assessments. At an independent, blind, year end assessment, both groups showed statistically significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001) of 8.4 +/- 1.2 (s.e.m.) and 7.6 +/- 1.6 mmHg respectively, but the difference between the groups was not significant (P = 0.682). We conclude that 'familiarity' does not play an important role in the reduction of blood pressure in long-term follow-up studies of hypertensive subjects. PMID- 6681031 TI - Intrarenal vascular effects of angiotensin II and angiotensin III in the dog. AB - The effects of intrarenal bolus injections of equal molar doses of angiotensin II and angiotensin III on renal blood flow were examined in seven pentobarbital anaesthetized dogs. Renal blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic flow probe. Angiotensin II produced a greater decrease in renal blood flow than angiotensin III at all bolus doses tested when the integral of the renal blood flow response was examined. In 10 other dogs, we compared the molar dose of intrarenal constant infusions of angiotensin II and angiotensin III required to decrease total renal blood flow by approximately 25%. The effect these peptides had on the distribution of renal cortical blood flow was determined with radioactive microspheres. In the constant infusion experiments, more moles of angiotensin III than angiotensin II were required to produce a given decrease in renal blood flow in each experiment. The average percent decrease in blood flow to each of the four cortical zones produced by angiotensin II was not different from that produced by angiotensin III. Our data demonstrate that angiotensin II is more potent than angiotensin III as a vasoconstrictor in the renal vasculature. PMID- 6681032 TI - Circulatory and sympatho-adrenal responses to stress in borderline and established hypertension. AB - Responses to mental stress [a colour word test (CWT), orthostatic testing (ORT) and a cold pressor test (CPT) were studied in 33 subjects with essential hypertension (EHT), 16 subjects with borderline hypertension (BHT) and 17 age and sex-matched normotensive controls (NT). Venous plasma noradrenaline (NA) was similar in all groups. CWT induced marked circulatory responses and metabolic activation with minor increases in NA. Circulatory and NA responses to ORT and CPT were similar in all groups. CWT elevated diastolic blood pressure more in BHT and tended to elevate HR more in EHT and BHT than in NT. Plasma adrenaline (ADR) tended to be higher in BHT and increased during all provocations in EHT and BHT but not in NT. Early hypertension appears to be associated with enhanced cardiovascular and sympatho-adrenal reactivity (resembling a hypothalamic defence reaction) which is revealed by mental stress, rather than stimuli such as ORT or CPT. Venous plasma NA has limitations in defining neurogenic alterations in hypertension since it reflects poorly sympathetic activity in the organs responsible for pressor responses to emotional stimuli. Plasma ADR is more valuable in this respect. PMID- 6681033 TI - Effects of bromocriptine on the circadian rhythm of 18-hydroxycorticosterone and cortisol secretion in essential hypertensives. AB - This study examines the influence of bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, on circadian secretory patterns of plasma 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OHB) and cortisol in essential hypertension. Patients with sustained essential hypertension were studied after they had reached equilibrium on a constant 150 mmol sodium and 80 mmol potassium intake. Plasma 18-OHB and cortisol determinations were made at 30-min intervals over 24 h during a control and bromocriptine treatment period (bromocriptine, 2.5 mg t.i.d. for five days). Circadian patterns for plasma 18-OHB and cortisol were observed in all patients before and after bromocriptine. Although bromocriptine did not affect the circadian rhythm of 18-OHB and cortisol it did decrease mean 24-h recumbent 18 OHB from 23 +/- 42.2 to 14.3 +/- 1.4 ng/dl. These results suggest that there is a circadian rhythm of both 18-OHB and cortisol secretion in patients with essential hypertension as in normotensives. Dopaminergic mechanisms exert an effect on the quantitative secretion of 18-OHB. However, the circadian rhythm for 18-OHB and cortisol does not appear to be dependent on dopaminergic mechanisms. PMID- 6681034 TI - Family history of hypertension and red cell cation transport in high school students. AB - High school students who had at least one parent with hypertension (n = 22) were compared to schoolmates of the same age with a negative family history of hypertension in the parents (n = 21). We investigated in both groups the maximal rate of the ouabain-sensitive Na pump and the Na-K cotransport in nystatin-loaded cells and the Lii-Nao countertransport in lithium-loaded cells. The two groups were significantly different only in the sum of net Na transport mediated by the Na-K pump and Na-K cotransport. The mean diastolic blood pressure in the positive family history group was significantly higher. With control for blood pressure the difference in the maximal rate of Na transport was no longer significant; it remains uncertain if control for blood pressure represents "over-adjustment'. The finding of a higher maximal rate of Na transport in these adolescents who are at increased risk of future hypertension, yet currently well within the normal range, suggests that abnormal sodium metabolism may be a useful marker and appears early in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 6681035 TI - Haemodynamic effects of nifedipine in essential hypertension at rest and during exercise. AB - Fifteen males with previously untreated essential hypertension in WHO stage I, aged 20-64 years were studied on an outpatient basis. Oxygen consumption, heart rate, cardiac in a in a supine and sitting position and during steady state work at 50, 100 and 150 W. Following the haemodynamic study, nifedipine (long-acting form) 40-80 mg daily was given as the sole drug for 3-12 months (mean 11 months) whereupon the haemodynamic study was repeated. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures fell about 17% at rest supine and sitting and from 15 to 10% at the three different workloads (P less than 0.001). All but one patient demonstrated a fall in mean arterial pressure of 10 mmHg or more. The fall in pressure was associated with a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in total peripheral resistance (17% during rest and 10 to 16% during exercise). There were no statistically significant changes in oxygen consumption, heart rate, cardiac index or stroke index. PMID- 6681036 TI - Effect of local infusion of ouabain on human forearm vascular resistance and on response to potassium, verapamil and sodium nitroprusside. AB - The effect of local infusion of ouabain into the forearm vascular bed has been examined in 15 normotensive male volunteers in an attempt to define the nature of the functional abnormalities of the resistance vessels in primary hypertension. Ouabain and other drugs were infused into the brachial artery and forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Infusion of ouabain at 2 micrograms/min for 1 h caused a 26% reduction in forearm blood flow with a small rise in systemic arterial pressure; the increase in vascular resistance was unaffected by prior treatment with phentolamine. After infusion of ouabain the dilator response to potassium was reduced by 33% but the responses to verapamil and sodium nitroprusside were unchanged. The results show that acute depression of sodium pump activity by ouabain reproduces the increased resting resistance and impaired response to potassium that are seen in hypertension. It does not reproduce the relative enhancement of responsiveness to verapamil that is also observed in the resistance vessels of patients with hypertension and this abnormality must have some other cause. PMID- 6681037 TI - Altered calcium and sodium metabolism in red blood cells of hypertensive man: assessment by ion-selective electrodes. AB - Free intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i, sodium [Na+]i and potassium [K+]i were assessed in freeze-thawed human red blood cells (RBC) by ion-selective electrodes. After metabolic depletion by 30 mM 2-desoxy-glucose, [Ca2+]i increased faster and to significantly higher values in RBC from 16 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (mean diastolic blood pressure 111 +/- 10 mmHg) than in the RBC of 24 normotensives. The rate of [Ca2+]i increase was 7.0 +/- 3.6 versus 3.7 +/- 4.0 mumol/h/l cells (P less than 0.01) for the first 24 h and 8.1 +/- 4.8 versus 6.4 +/- 3.5 mumol/h/l cells for the following 24 h. [Na+]i before and after 24 h incubation was significantly higher in hypertensives, whereas basal [Ca2+]i and [K+]i before and after incubation were the same in both groups. After Ca loading by ionophore A 23187, the maximum rate of [Ca2+]i extrusion was not significantly lower in intact RBC from hypertensives than in those from normotensives (59.5 +/- 7.8 versus 87.9 +/- 18.1 mumol/min/l cells). These results indicate disturbances in RBC Ca metabolism similar to those observed earlier for Na and K. If generalized, the defect could lead to raised [Ca2+]i in smooth muscle and sympathetic nerve tissue, thus causing increased vascular tone and probably catecholamine release with subsequent arterial hypertension. PMID- 6681038 TI - Haemodynamic response to ketanserin in rabbits with Page hypertension: comparison with prazosin. AB - The role of alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the hypotensive response to ketanserin was studied in conscious normotensive (sham-operated) and Page hypertensive (two kidney, two wrapped) rabbits. Ketanserin (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg i.v.) was administered at 30 min intervals on four experimental days: no pretreatment; after prazosin 1 mg/kg and infusion; after pharmacological 'total' autonomic effector block (TAB) and with repeated three point methoxamine dose-response lines. Only the highest dose (1 mg/kg) of ketanserin lowered blood pressure and dilated the iliac vascular bed (Doppler flowmeter) in both wrap and sham-operated rabbits. Prazosin pretreatment and TAB prevented these effects. Ketanserin (1 mg/kg) also caused significant alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonism as measured by a 2.5-fold shift in the methoxamine dose-response lines. In separate experiments prazosin (0.01-0.1 mg/kg i.v. bolus) caused similar falls in blood pressure and alpha 1-adrenoceptor block as ketanserin 0.3 and 1 mg/kg. The only difference observed between prazosin and ketanserin was the substantial reflex tachycardia to prazosin that was absent after ketanserin. These results suggest that in normotensive rabbits and in rabbits with Page hypertension the hypotensive response to ketanserin can be explained by alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonism. PMID- 6681039 TI - Relation of blood pressure with body and plasma electrolytes in Conn's syndrome. AB - Thirty-four patients with untreated Conn's syndrome were studied in a metabolic ward. The final diagnosis in each case was based on the finding and removal of an adrenal cortical adenoma with histological features typical of the disorder. Compared with 34 age and sex-matched normal controls the untreated patients had increased plasma aldosterone concentration, increased blood pressure (183/112 mmHg), increased exchangeable sodium (116.7% of normal), hypokalaemia and increased plasma sodium concentration. Exchangeable potassium was lower than normal and plasma concentrations of active renin, total renin and angiotensin II were lower than normal mean values. Arterial pressure correlated significantly and positively with plasma and exchangeable sodium and there was a significant negative correlation with plasma potassium concentration. Partial regression analysis showed that the relation of exchangeable sodium with blood pressure did not depend on age or renal function but that the relation of blood pressure and plasma potassium could be attributed to the correlation of exchangeable sodium and blood pressure. Multiple regression analysis suggested that exchangeable and plasma sodium were the most important determinants of blood pressure in untreated patients. Spironolactone, amiloride and surgical removal of the adenoma corrected the electrolyte abnormality and usually lowered blood pressure. The fall in exchangeable sodium was related to the fall in blood pressure. The pattern of correlation found by multiple regression analysis in postoperative patients was similar to that in normal subjects. The findings are relevant to some of the mechanisms proposed for the hypertension of mineralocorticoid excess. PMID- 6681040 TI - Effects of haemorrhagic hypotension on brain and liver metabolism in normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). AB - Hypertensive disease is known to increase the risks in connection with acute changes in blood pressure due to the presence of pronounced structural as well as functional changes in the cardiovascular system. In the present study the metabolic consequences of fixed haemorrhagic hypotension [mean arterial pressure (MAP) 70 and 45 mmHg] were studied in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and in normotensive rats (WKY). Blood gases and acid-base balance, blood glucose, liver (ATP, glucose, lactate) and brain (ATP, ADP, AMP, CP, glucose, lactate) metabolites were determined in unbled animals and after 35 min hypotension in bled animals. In the liver haemorrhage to MAP 70 mmHg resulted in a 70% reduction of the ATP content in SHR while that in WKY remained unchanged. At MAP 45 mmHg reduced liver ATP levels (35% reduction) were observed in WKY as well. In the brain metabolic changes indicative of tissue ischaemia (reduced CP, increased AMP and lactate, decreased energy charge potential) were present only in SHR at MAP 45 mmHg. The more pronounced metabolic disturbances in SHR than in WKY indicate that blood loss is more deleterious for the hypertensive individual. PMID- 6681041 TI - Homologous radio-immunoassay of human plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase: analysis of homospecific activity, circulating plasma pool and intergroup differences based on race, blood pressure and cardiac function. AB - We used a homologous human dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) radio-immunoassay (RIA) to explore reported differences in plasma DBH enzymatic activity among patient groups stratified for race, blood pressure and cardiac function, as well as to determine plasma immunoreactive DBH protein pool and the relative activity of the enzyme in plasma versus human chromaffin tissue storage vesicles. Plasma DBH activity was lower in patients with congestive heart failure than in control subjects (19.9 +/- 4.0 versus 34.4 +/- 5.9 iu/l, P less than 0.05), paralleled by lower immunoreactive plasma DBH protein concentration (3.50 +/- 0.73 versus 6.34 +/- 1.05 micrograms/ml, P less than 0.05). All subject groups had similar plasma DBH homospecific activity (plasma DBH enzymatic activity/immunoreactive plasma DBH protein), ranging from 5.03 +/- 0.28 to 5.84 +/- 0.44 iu/mg. For the entire subject group, there was a significant relationship between plasma DBH activity and plasma DBH immunoreactive protein (r = 0.89, n = 78, P less than 0.01) from which no subgroup deviated systematically. Black hypertensives had lower plasma DBH activity than white hypertensives (23.0 +/- 5.2 versus 42.9 +/- 4.8 iu/l, P less than 0.01), though their plasma DBH homospecific activities and activity/immunoreactive protein plots were indistinguishable. Total circulating plasma DBH pools were large (from 13.1 +/- 3.7 to 27.5 +/- 4.8 mg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6681042 TI - Red cell cation transport: differences between black and white school children. AB - Differences in red cell sodium content and sodium-lithium countertransport were studied in black and white children with a mean age of 12 years. For both boys and girls red cell sodium content was higher in blacks and countertransport lower (P less than 0.05). For both ethnic groups red cell sodium was lower in girls than boys and a consistent positive relationship was noted between body mass index and countertransport. Despite the lower red cell Na-Li countertransport values in black compared to white children, a significant positive correlation with systolic blood pressure was found independent of adiposity. In contrast, no correlation was evident between Na-Li countertransport and blood pressure in the white children. If red cell cation transport is confirmed as a marker for hypertension, study of racial differences may help explain the twofold higher prevalence of this disease among blacks. PMID- 6681043 TI - Membrane abnormalities occur in vascular smooth muscle but not in non-vascular smooth muscle from rats with deoxycorticosterone-salt induced hypertension. AB - Microsomal fractions were isolated from the smooth muscle of gastric fundus, vasa deferentia and mesenteric arteries of rats made hypertensive by deoxycorticosterone-salt treatment. Several enzymatic activities, Ca2+ binding and ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation of the microsomal fractions from these hypertensive rats were compared with those from the control of rats which remained normotensive under similar treatment. Altered membrane properties were observed in microsomal fractions isolated from vascular smooth muscle but not in those isolated from non-vascular smooth muscles in this form of experimental hypertension. These alterations included decreased Mg2+ ATPase activity, enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, decreased Ca2+ binding in the absence of ATP and decreased ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation. This result is in contrast to our previous findings that decreased ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation was observed in microsomal fraction isolated from non-vascular smooth muscles of rats with genetic hypertension. The present study, together with our previous findings, support the contention that altered Ca2+ handling by vascular smooth muscle is associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension, whereas altered Ca2+ handling by non-vascular smooth muscles previously observed in spontaneous hypertension may be associated with genetic factors not related to hypertension. PMID- 6681044 TI - Necrotizing vasculitis in athymic rats with infarct kidney hypertension. AB - Infarct kidney hypertension was induced in congenital athymic nude rats and in their haired normal littermates. In both groups a significant and similar elevation of blood pressure was observed. The mesenteric vessels were studied histologically five, 12 and 20 days after operation. Necrotizing vasculitis with and without perivascular inflammatory reactions was found in mesenteric arteries and arterioles in six out of six athymic and in six out of 11 control rats. In sham operated athymic rats and in haired littermates neither hypertension nor vasculitis was observed. These observations indicate that the thymus play no role in the pathogenesis of acute hypertensive vascular disease. PMID- 6681045 TI - Similar blood pressure but different outcome in rats with DOC and post-DOC hypertension. AB - It is uncertain whether increased arterial pressure alone or increased arterial pressure combined with some other factor is responsible for the development of malignant-phase hypertension. Our object was to test this comparing two groups of rats with hypertension of different mechanism but of similar duration and degree. Two experiments were done in hypertensive rats. In the first blood pressure was measured in the tail, in the second by intra-arterial catheter and pressure transducer. In the first, hypertension was produced in 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats by unilateral nephrectomy followed by thrice-weekly injections of deoxycorticosterone (12.5 mg) and substitution of 1% NaCl and 0.2% KCl for their drinking water. After four weeks 28 rats survived and systolic blood pressure had risen to 220 mmHg. The survivors were paired by blood pressure and randomly allocated either to continued DOC and salt or to a regime in which DOC was stopped and tap-water was substituted for the NaCl-KCl solution (post-DOC rats). Blood pressure remained similar in the two groups thereafter, but in every case it was the DOC-salt animal of the pair which died first. Fibrinoid arteriolar lesions of malignant-phase hypertension were significantly commoner in DOC-salt animals and, before death, they had more pronounced features of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia. The second experiment was the same in design as the first except that two weeks after randomization the similarity of blood pressure was confirmed by measurement of intra-arterial pressure in eight pairs of DOC-salt and post-DOC rats. We conclude that increased arterial pressure is not the only factor influencing development of malignant-phase hypertension. PMID- 6681046 TI - [Microbiologic control of the environment and personnel in a high-risk hospital unit. The effect of ultraviolet rays on the environment]. PMID- 6681047 TI - [Results of the medical control conducted on refugees from southeast Asia arriving]. PMID- 6681048 TI - [Aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products]. PMID- 6681049 TI - [Residual pesticides in typical Italian agricultural soils]. PMID- 6681050 TI - [Hygienic recovery of sludge resulting from the depuration of waste water]. PMID- 6681051 TI - [Analysis of p,p'-DDT contaminants in commercial formulations based on dicofol (kelthane)]. PMID- 6681052 TI - [The presence of chromium in ground-water in the Naples area]. PMID- 6681053 TI - [Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism. Experience at a Regional Center]. AB - We examined 107,670 infants born in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna. Capillary blood samples for contemporary T4 and TSH radioimmunoassay were collected on the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th or between the 7th and the 15th day of life on filter paper. In our method the threshold value for recall for a second assay was calculated taking into account the mean - 2 SD of each session for T4, and fixing between 30 and 50 microU/ml the threshold value for TSH. The re-call percentage was 0.74%. 21 subjects confirmed to be affected by congenital hypothyroidism; this corresponds to a frequency in our region of 1 case every 5,127 infants. 12 subjects had a TBG deficiency, this corresponds to a frequency of 1 case every 8,972 infants. No cases of secondary hypothyroidism were found up to date. PMID- 6681054 TI - [Follow-up and prognosis of congenital hypothyroidism]. AB - Neonatal screening of congenital hypothyroidism has been recently extended to the most of North America, Australia, Europe, and to several Italian areas. Before screening programs, several Authors reported neurological defects and behavioral disturbances also in patients whose treatment has been precocious, thus stressing the importance of an antenatal thyroidal defect. We have therefore setted up a follow-up program to evaluate the prevalence and to treat such disturbances in hypothyroid children. In this report we describe the program, present the most significant preliminary data and discuss the prognosis of hypothyroid patients detected by screening programs. PMID- 6681056 TI - [Protocol of treatment of acute diarrhea in infancy]. AB - We suggest some guidelines for symptomatic treatment of acute diarrhea in infants under two, as it has been tested both in several hospital departments. Considering some well-known employed clinical and metabolic evaluations, cases (uncommon) needing sudden parenteral treatment are distinguished from those less serious ones (more common) when previous feeding is quickly re-established using oral rehydratation. PMID- 6681055 TI - [Hormonal therapy of congenital hypothyroidism in childhood]. AB - L-tiroxine (L-T4) substitutive therapy has been evaluated in a group of 15 hypothyroid children (6 males and 9 females), one to six years old. We have found a wide dosage range, being not possible to find any significant difference between ranges leading to normal and ranges leading to pathological findings, thus making impossible to suggest a reasonably safe dosage pro kg. of body weight. Increasing L-T4 dosage we have got a significant increase of FT4 levels, a significant decrease of TSH levels, but no variations of FT3 values, indicating an individual capability in regulating FT3 disposal. FT3 and TSH are the most valuable indexes of therapy adequacy, since their normality reflects an euthyroid status; we should achieve an individually adequate dose of L-T4, based on clinical judgment and hormonal findings. PMID- 6681057 TI - [Long-term non-malformative urinary infections in children. (I)]. AB - Non malformative long term urinary tract infections affect above all the female sex. The specific anatomic conditions explain only in part the predisposition for the female sex. Other determinants are the individual susceptibility and bacterial virulence. The authors studied 169 pediatric patients with recurrent urinary tract infections; of which 159 where females. The study of the blood group in 70 patients showed a net predominance of the groups B and AB. About one third of the patients studied presented a scarce symptomatology or complete absence. The urodynamic study in 120 patients has revealed an abnormal pattern in more than 80% of the cases. According to the authors the abnormal urodynamic pattern is related to the long-term infection and is reversible in the cases which are curable. In about one-third of the cases with long-term infections which are resistent to the therapy, the cystoscopy has revealed a cystitis cystica. The study carried out by the authors permits precise indications on the specific tests that must be effectuated in this particular type of pathology and the indications of treatment. PMID- 6681058 TI - [Use of a new amino acid mixture in the diet therapy of patients with classical phenylketonuria]. AB - The treatment of classic PKU is based on the dietary restriction of phenylalanine. The present study was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of a new amino acid mixture (ASP-Nestle) in the dietary treatment of ten PKU patients (age 2 to 9 years, mean 5 years). The children were given this product for a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 12 months (mean 8 months). The aminoacid mixture, diluted in water or various flavored drinks, was favorably accepted by the patients. No clinical signs of hypophenylalaninemia were noticed and the children grew regularly in height and weight. The biochemical parameters, evaluated before during and after the treatment, showed a good nutritional balance. The plasma phenylalanine control was excellent, when compared to the plasma phenylalanine range obtained with other dietary regimens. PMID- 6681059 TI - [Diet therapy of enteritis in children (experience in 929 cases)]. AB - 929 cases of acute enteritis are reviewed. They were admitted since 1972 to 1981 in the first Pediatric Department of Modena, and treated with dietetic therapy. The periods of stool normalisation according the treatment received are discussed (oral rehydrating therapy versus casein hydrolysate). The results are compared with the evolution of diarrhea in 322 children treated with antidiarrheal adsorbents. According to our experience the diet with casein hydrolysate results to be an effective therapy of acute diarrhea, affording a nearly complete reduction in the use of intravenous infusions. PMID- 6681060 TI - [Pediatric digestive endoscopy: personal experience]. AB - Fiberendoscopy has become a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure of the outmost importance also in pediatric gastroenterology. 100 gastrointestinal fiberoscopies have been carried out on 81 patients ranging in age from 1 month to 14 years during a three-year period (November 79 - October 82), using general anesthesia for 9 patients. The 70 upper GI endoscopies, almost always performed with the Olympus GIF P2 instrument, showed acute or chronic, limited or diffuse inflammatory changes in most cases; post-bulbar areas were successfully visualized in 46 patients. The 30 colonoscopies were carried out with the standard adult equipment in most part of cases; in 50% of cases the inspection was extended to the caecum. Inflammatory diseases have been frequently revealed, but more frequently no remarkable changes were found. Indications for "operative" endoscopy were dilatation of an esophageal achalasia and removal of four gastrointestinal bleeding polyps. All procedures gave satisfactory results, and no morbidity occurred to patients. PMID- 6681061 TI - [Critical evaluation of the possibility of predicting atopy in the neonatal period]. AB - On a sample of 35 healthy newborns the authors have determined the IgE in the blood of the umbilical cord, using the PRIST method. A geometric average of 1.152 +/- 0.117 was obtained. No statistically significant difference appeared between the two groups, which contained individuals with positive and negative allergic family anamnesis, respectively. Thus, the possibility of predicting neonatal atopy by IgE determination appears to be no better than can be deduced through an accurate family anamnesis. The observed differences in the IgE levels of the funicular blood might then be explained by physiological, paraphysiological and pathological motivations. PMID- 6681062 TI - [Considerations on the complications of epidemic parotitis]. AB - The AA describe 82 cases of complications occurred during an outbreak of mumps in 1980-81. Forty-two cases of meningitis, 4 of pancreatitis, 2 of orchitis and 2 cases of encefalitis occurred. All patients had eventual, complete recovery. The other cases are not specific complications. The treatment was almost entirely symptomatic. The headache of meningitis was relieved by a lumbar poncture. In the epicrisis of the AA these cases of complications have some importance in relation to the opportunity of getting herd vaccination against mumps. PMID- 6681063 TI - [Risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: the importance of diuresis]. AB - 13 preterm infants (gestational age 34 weeks or below; birth weight under 1500 g.) with severe respiratory distress, were admitted for intensive care in our Unit between 1980 and 1981. Factors affecting the onset of BPD (bronchopulmonary dysplasia) in these subjects are evaluated by retrospective studies. Diuresis in the third day of life, expressed as a percentage of administered fluids appeared particularly significant. It resulted significantly lower in subjects developing BPD than in non-affected controls. Therefore, along with a PDA and a high fluid input favouring interstitial oedem, the inability of preterm infants to remove fluid overload must be considered. A reduced clearance of interstitial fluid in the lung enhances circulatory status and ventilatory damage and increases the risk of BPD. PMID- 6681064 TI - [Benign intracranial hypertension in infants]. AB - B.I.H. or Pseudotumor is rare in children particularly under the first year of age. In addition, the syndrome at this age presents some peculiarities as compared with the adult form. This report describes the authors' experience with patients aged 4 to 12 months. Bulging fontanelle was the presenting symptom in all. Papilledema, strabismus, were present only in 1 case and vomiting in 4. Treatment was limited to lumbar puncture which was initially performed to rule out an acute CSN inflammatory process. In 8 patients the syndrome was precipitated by medications (sulfenazone - nalidixic acid); 3 had a prior history of 3 days of fever and roseola infantum, in 2 cases precipitanting factors were not found. Since the prompt remission of the intracranial hypertension (24 to 96 hours) neuroradiological investigations were not performed. PMID- 6681065 TI - [Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in children]. AB - Cerebral palsy is not a simple clinical or even aetiological entity, nevertheless is a chronic disability characterized by aberrant control of movement or posture appearing early in life. As for as incidence and prevalence studies are concerned, comparison of studies of age--specific prevalence rates is made difficult by differences in definition, methods and parameters used for medical evaluation. The epidemiology of CP is very important in the defining the entity of the problem, the need for facilities and services. The need for a current and perhaps continuing national statistical survey of the incidence and prevalence of CP is stressed. PMID- 6681066 TI - [Adaptation of the family and the psycho-affective development of the child with congenital cardiopathy]. AB - 26 children affected by congenital heart disease and their families have been object of a retrospective analysis. The emotional involvement of the family for the event "birth of a child with a cardiac malformation" has been evaluated. The influence of family's attitude on the psychological development of the sick child has been studied. PMID- 6681067 TI - [The Lester Martin operation in an infant]. AB - A case of Lester Martin repair for total colonic and distal ileal aganglionosis in an infant of 3.4 Kg is reported. The Authors consider and discuss the possibility of application of this operation at a younger age than normally performed considering the satisfactory result obtained in this case. PMID- 6681068 TI - [Fibrous polyp of the posterior urethra]. AB - Authors describe a case of fibrous polyp of the posterior urethra, causing complete urinary retention in a five and a half years old boy. On the basis of their own experience and of the data of the Literature Authors discuss etiology, diagnosis and management of this rare anomaly of the urinary tract. PMID- 6681069 TI - [Glomerulonephritis caused by a shunt: description of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of shunt-nephritis due to bacteremia from Stafilococcus albus. Kidney biopsy, comprehensive of IF study allowed to assess the diagnosis of a disease from immunocomplexes. The Authors stress the importance of a close follow-up of patients who carry liquoral shunt for an early recognition of symptoms of glomerulopathy. PMID- 6681070 TI - [Jejunal duplication. Description of a case]. AB - The authors present a case of jejunal duplication in a 5-month-old child: the radiographic, clinical and surgical problems are discussed. PMID- 6681071 TI - [Favorable outcome of probably congenital chylothorax in a 2-month-old infant treated with continuous pleural drainage]. AB - The authors report a case of a probably congenital chylothorax observed in a 2 months old infant. The more important aspects of the case are its rarity, the delay of appearance of the clinical symptoms, theirs mild entity, and the favourable result obtained with continuous pleural drainage. PMID- 6681072 TI - [Epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of pleuropulmonary staphylococcal infections in Tunisian children (apropos of 200 cases)]. PMID- 6681073 TI - [Multiply pregnancy]. PMID- 6681074 TI - [Diagnosis of blood hypereosinophilia of parasitic origin. I. Generalities- nematode infections]. PMID- 6681075 TI - [Analytical study of bone metastasis of breast cancer in Tunisia]. PMID- 6681076 TI - [Normal lipid values and their distribution among the population in Tunis]. PMID- 6681077 TI - [Results of hyperselective vagotomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer resistant to medical treatment]. PMID- 6681078 TI - [Sialography. Value and limitations in salivary tumor pathology]. PMID- 6681079 TI - [Albers-Schonberg disease: apropos of a case report]. PMID- 6681080 TI - [Bone fluorosis. Apropos of 15 cases]. PMID- 6681081 TI - [The value of photography in orthodontics. Apropos of a study and the soft-tissue profile of a Tunisian population]. PMID- 6681082 TI - Amyloid disease. An autopsy review of the decades 1937-46 and 1961-70. PMID- 6681083 TI - Experience with the Sheehan knee replacement. PMID- 6681084 TI - Reconstructive vascular surgery for intestinal angina. PMID- 6681085 TI - The heart in rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid disease)--an echocardiographic study. PMID- 6681086 TI - Rubella screening programme--preliminary results in Northern Ireland. PMID- 6681087 TI - Bilateral axillary vein thrombosis. PMID- 6681088 TI - Meckel's diverticulum: a vesico-diverticular fistula. PMID- 6681089 TI - Endoscopic sphincterotomy and gall stone removal. PMID- 6681090 TI - Antigliadin antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis. PMID- 6681091 TI - Pregnancy and diabetes--the improving prognosis. PMID- 6681092 TI - Perthes' disease--a long term follow-up. PMID- 6681093 TI - Mucocoeles of the appendix. Their underlying epithelia, behaviour and associated tumours. PMID- 6681094 TI - The treatment of trochanteric fractures of the femur by the Ender method. PMID- 6681095 TI - Trucut needle biopsy in breast lumps. PMID- 6681096 TI - An analysis of the admissions to the coronary care unit at Lagan Valley Hospital. PMID- 6681097 TI - A social and medical survey of the extreme elderly in a mixed town and country practice in Northern Ireland. PMID- 6681098 TI - Prevalence and survival of patients with cystic fibrosis in Northern Ireland, 1961-1971. PMID- 6681099 TI - Spinal extradural haematoma: report of two cases. PMID- 6681100 TI - Association of congenital renal and intestinal lesions. PMID- 6681101 TI - Early post operative management following meniscectomy. PMID- 6681102 TI - Clinical problems with a free thyroxine assay. PMID- 6681103 TI - Grating test of contrast sensitivity. PMID- 6681104 TI - The visual system in myelin disorders. Isolation for biochemical studies. PMID- 6681105 TI - Myelination and myelinating cells in culture. PMID- 6681106 TI - The role of natural killer cells in immunity against malaria. PMID- 6681107 TI - Cytodiagnosis for angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia. PMID- 6681108 TI - How autoantibody tests can help to diagnose endocrine disorders. PMID- 6681109 TI - Development of polymerized allergens for immunotherapy. PMID- 6681110 TI - Management of environmental diseases. A current approach to inhalant, food and chemical sensitivities. Their investigation and management. PMID- 6681112 TI - Hereditary metabolic disorders affecting myelin. PMID- 6681111 TI - A ten-year surveillance of atmospheric pollens and moulds in the Bangkok area. PMID- 6681113 TI - Ophthalmic pathobiology. PMID- 6681114 TI - Psychophysical tests in demyelinating disease. PMID- 6681115 TI - Immunological queries. PMID- 6681116 TI - Oculomotor anomalies. PMID- 6681117 TI - Funduscopic and functional correlates of demyelinating optic neuropathy. PMID- 6681118 TI - Demyelinating disease in the afferent visual system behind the optic nerve. PMID- 6681119 TI - The toxic and deficiency amblyopias. PMID- 6681120 TI - Optic atrophy in metabolic diseases. PMID- 6681121 TI - Genetic counseling: a measure of preventing monogenic disorders in ophthalmology. PMID- 6681122 TI - Enhancement of cryoprecipitation from hypotonic serum: a comparative study in normals and in patients with connective tissue diseases. AB - In a study of 17 normals and 26 patients we have established a normal range for cryoglobulins in a standard and a simple hypotonic system. In a comparison of standard and hypotonic cryoprecipitates in patients with connective tissue diseases we showed a significant increase in protein content (p less than 0.001), IgM (p less than 0.01) and IgM rheumatoid factor (p less than 0.01) in the hypotonic samples. The ratios of IgM RF/IgM in hypotonic cryoglobulins compared to standard cryoglobulins were significantly increased as shown by a chi 2 analysis in both normals (p less than 0.05) and patients (p less than 0.01). Estimation of cryoglobulins in a hypotonic system is a useful simple test which may detect distinct groups of proteins and rheumatoid factors. Precipitates were demonstrated in patients who had previously been considered serologically normal. PMID- 6681123 TI - Inhibition of neutrophil phagocytosis and enzyme release by hyaluronic acid. AB - Hyaluronic acid at a concentration found in normal joints (4 mg/ml) inhibited the uptake of aggregated IgG by human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but concentrations of hyaluronic acid found in inflammatory joints (1 mg/ml) did not. Similarly, hyaluronic acid at 4 mg/ml, but not 1 mg/ml, inhibited the release of lysozyme from aggregated IgG stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. beta-Glucuronidase release was inhibited by both concentrations of hyaluronic acid. Physiological concentrations of hyaluronic acid inhibit this model system for the fluid phase of rheumatoid arthritis and hyaluronic acid may be an important immunomodulating substance in the rheumatoid joint. PMID- 6681124 TI - Immunologic abnormalities in idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - Sera from 14 patients with idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon were studied for immunoglobulin levels, autoantibodies and circulating immune complexes. In addition, the levels of immune complexes were studied in 17 sera from patients with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. It was found that more than one half of the patients with idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon have serologic markers of auto immune disease. The incidence of circulating immune complexes was higher in patients with secondary (52%) compared to patients with idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon (10%). The serologic abnormalities in idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon patients did not correlate with asymptomatic pulmonary involvement. PMID- 6681125 TI - Musculoskeletal manifestations of bacterial endocarditis. AB - The musculoskeletal (MS) involvement of 91 patients with bacterial endocarditis (BE) is reported. Twenty-three patients (25.2%) exhibited MS symptoms; 74% had arthralgias often associated with arthritis and low back pain (LBP), 48% had myalgias, and 43.4% had LBP. The articular symptoms usually were polyarticular and symmetric, affecting both the large and small joints. Two of 12 patients had a positive test for rheumatoid factor activity, and 2 of 5 had a positive FANA test. Patients with MS symptoms did not differ from those with no such symptoms by their mean age, by their underlying heart disease, or by the nature of their cardiac lesions. They were characterized by female preponderance and increased prevalence of streptococcal infections. In view of our data and the relevant literature, it seems that MS symptoms are common in patients with BE. They often antedate the diagnosis of BE by several weeks and can mimic other rheumatic diseases. Therefore, unexplained rheumatic symptoms should always alert the physician to the possibility of bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 6681127 TI - Serum C-reactive protein in primary Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Only 11 out of 50 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome were found to have minimal or moderate increases of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Patients with elevated CRP levels did not differ clinically from those with normal CRP levels. Thus, primary Sjogren's syndrome is one of the inflammatory disorders characterized by a relatively low CRP response. PMID- 6681126 TI - High C-reactive protein response in lupus polyarthritis. AB - Five out of 6 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chronic polyarthritis were found to have significantly raised (greater than 20 mg/l.) C reactive protein (CRP) levels. In contrast, slight elevations in CRP levels were present in only 5 of 16 SLE patients without chronic polyarthritis. Thus, an elevated CRP level might be a distinctive feature of SLE patients with chronic polyarthritis. PMID- 6681128 TI - A study of platelet aggregation and adhesion in gout. AB - Platelet aggregation and adhesion were measured in twelve male patients with gout. Tests were performed with the patients off all treatment for six weeks and after the serum uric had been lowered with allopurinol. Results of aggregation and adhesion tests were normal and not influenced by the uric acid level. The increased cardiovascular disease risk in gout is unlikely to be due to an increased thrombotic tendency. PMID- 6681129 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis: a mast cell disorder? AB - The rarity of eosinophilic fasciitis has so far prevented systematic investigations. Its etiology is still unknown and its nosographical position to be defined. We report here a further case whose distinctive features were: a gradual onset simultaneous with allergic bronchial asthma; the absence of eosinophils and presence of a high number of degranulating mast cells and Sezary like cells in the inflamed fascia. The follow-up and a second biopsy suggested that early steroid treatment is advisable in these patients. PMID- 6681131 TI - Hairy cell leukemia and arteritis. PMID- 6681130 TI - On the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6681132 TI - The retention and distribution in the rabbit knee of a radionuclide complexed with a lipophilic chelator in liposomes. AB - The application of radiosynovectomy to patients with rheumatoid arthritis has been severely restricted by the difficulty of preventing leakage of the radioisotope from the joint cavity. We have synthesised a lipophilic chelator, 3 cholesteryl 6-[N'-iminobis(ethylenenitrilo)-tetraacetic acid]hexyl ether (Chol DTTA) which can complex with a variety of beta-emitting radionuclides and is incorporated into the lipid phase of liposomes. The retention in the synovial cavities of rabbit knees of liposomes containing Chol-DTTA, complexed with the gamma-emitting tracer 51Cr, has been measured over a period of 21 days and compared with colloidal and water-soluble preparations. The distribution of the radionuclide between the tissues of the joint was also examined. Results show retention of 51Cr delivered in chelator liposomes to be greater than 99% after 24 h. At this time, over 93% of the radioactivity had become associated with the synovium. We conclude that chelator liposomes offer considerable promise as vehicles for radioisotopes in radiosynovectomy. PMID- 6681133 TI - The hydrolysis of cortisol 21-esters by a homogenate of inflamed rabbit synovium and by rheumatoid synovial fluid. AB - Long chain esters of cortisol have shown prolonged anti-inflammatory activity in both clinical and animal studies. This effect has been ascribed to the decreased water-solubility of the higher esters, but an alternative explanation is that the higher esters are hydrolysed more slowly to free steroid by the synovial tissue enzymes. In order to investigate the influence of chain length on hydrolysis rate we synthesized a series of cortisol 21-esters. When incubated in a 0.1% (w/v) homogenate of inflamed rabbit synovial tissue the esters with chain lengths of 4, 6, 8 and 10 carbon atoms were hydrolysed much faster than those with 2, 12, 14 and 16 carbon atoms. At tissue concentrations of 10% (w/v), however, the breakdown of cortisol acetate was greatly accelerated, whereas cortisol palmitate remained quite stable. Although cortisol esters were hydrolysed in 50% (v/v) rheumatoid synovial fluid, the rates of hydrolysis were relatively slow. The chain length dependence was similar to that seen with the tissue homogenate. PMID- 6681134 TI - Fructose-induced hyperuricemia in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. AB - Acute intravenous infusion of fructose was given to 30 normal subjects and 27 normo-uricemic patients affected by psoriasis, 12 with cutaneous involvement only and 15 with psoriatic arthritis. Serum uric acid was measured before and after infusion. A significantly lower increase in serum uric acid levels was found in psoriatic patients in comparison to controls, and the increase rate appeared to be significant only in controls. Moreover, the overall fructose-induced hyperuricemia was significantly lower in the group of patients with psoriatic arthritis than in normal subjects. Since the fructose-induced increase of serum uric acid is most probably achieved by an augmented turnover of preformed purine nucleotides, it is suggested that in normouricemic patients with psoriasis the "pool" of purine nucleotides is lower than normal. Such a condition seems to be more evident in psoriatic arthritis. PMID- 6681135 TI - Methotrexate levels, a guide to therapy? AB - Methotrexate (MTX) is being used with increasing frequency in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. Seventy-one patients have been treated with MTX with only five ceasing treatment because of toxicity. From a study of the serum levels of this drug, we believe that 10 mg intramuscularly once per week should be an optimum method of treating arthritis. The measurement of a 24 hour serum level of MTX, which normally is less than 0.01 mumole/litre after 10 mg I.M., should aid in identifying those patients more at risk of developing toxicity. PMID- 6681136 TI - Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: implications for a systemic disorder. AB - A thirty-nine year old woman with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF) had symptoms, physical abnormalities, and abnormal laboratory tests which supported the hypothesis that IRF is a widespread multisystem disease rather than a localized anatomic disorder. PMID- 6681137 TI - Coexistence of Paget's disease of bone and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6681138 TI - Arthritis of the elbow caused by metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - While bone metastases are frequent, involvement of the juxta-articular bone and synovium is very rare. We report a 62 year old male with bronchogenic carcinoma that metastasized to the elbow. An open biopsy of the proximal ulna and synovium was necessary to establish the definitive diagnosis. PMID- 6681139 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis. PMID- 6681140 TI - Protease inhibitors in rheumatoid synovial fluid: a quantitative analysis. AB - The concentrations of the main endogenous inhibitors of granulocyte proteases (anti-leukoprotease, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and alpha 2 macroglobulin) were estimated in paired samples of synovial fluid and serum/plasma from seropositive rheumatoid arthritics and controls. Rheumatoid synovial fluid contained significantly higher levels of all inhibitors except antileukoprotease. The influence of the synovial membrane on these concentrations was taken into account by comparing the ratio between the observed concentration and that predicted from a certain regression curve fitted to a set of non inhibitory reference proteins of extra-articular origin (orosomucoid, albumin, and ceruloplasmin). Divergences were interpreted as the net result of intra articular production or consumption of the inhibitor in question. The results suggested a consumption of antileukoprotease and alpha 1-antitrypsin in the rheumatoid joint, while the increased levels of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin probably reflected the altered trans-synovial membrane protein flux with some reservation for alpha 2-macroglobulin. PMID- 6681141 TI - Pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus: a report of four cases. AB - Overt pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is rarely reported. We have documented 4 such patients, all of whom had severe extrapulmonary manifestations of the disease and also Raynaud's phenomenon. The relationship between Raynaud's phenomenon and pulmonary hypertension in SLE is borne out by a review of the literature. A common vasospastic aetiology is suggested. PMID- 6681142 TI - Pulmonary hypertension and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Various pleuropulmonary manifestations are reported to occur in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Among these, pulmonary hypertension is one of the most uncommonly observed. The natural course of this involvement can be independent of the primary disease, and resembles primitive pulmonary hypertension. Various pathogenetic mechanisms might be responsible for this picture. In the case here reported, the pathological data were strongly suggestive of pulmonary vasculitis, emphasizing that SLE, like other connective tissue diseases, can be responsible for fatal pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6681143 TI - Felty's syndrome presenting without arthritis. AB - A patient with splenomegaly, severe granulocytopenia and a strongly positive rheumatoid factor test initially had no clinical evidence of rheumatoid arthritis. Leukopenia responded to splenectomy and did not recur during one year of follow up. Symmetrical metacarpophalangeal joint swelling developed after nine months. This case emphasizes that arthritis may occasionally be a late and minor manifestation of Felty's syndrome. PMID- 6681144 TI - Lymphocytotoxins in progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 6681145 TI - An unusual case of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. PMID- 6681146 TI - The prediction of radiological destruction during the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A total of 107 patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis of no longer than six months' duration were observed for three years. The radiological destruction of the hand and foot joints after the follow-up time was compared with 65 anamnestic, clinical, laboratory and radiological variables at the onset of the disease. Of the individual variables, early radiological changes in the joints showed the best correlation with the progress of joint destruction. Grip strength, ESR, serum iron, serum C1 esterase inhibitor, rheumatoid factor and old age also had prognostic value. In multiple regression analysis 15 variables explained about 50% of the variance in the progress of joint destruction. PMID- 6681147 TI - False-positive Waaler-Rose test due to anti-rabbit IgM antibodies in IgA deficiency. AB - The presence of antibodies to rabbit IgM in an IgA deficient patient with degenerative arthropathy is described. The anti-IgM antibodies caused a false positive Waaler-Rose test. Antibodies to rabbit IgM in titres greater than or equal to 1/8 were found in 20 of 35 IgA deficient individuals. No relationship between the patients' symptoms and the presence of these antibodies could be discerned and their biological significance is unknown. Two of 100 normal blood donors, none of 62 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 9 of 50 systemic lupus erythematosus patients showed anti-rabbit IgM antibodies in titres greater than or equal to 1/8. Unless an IgG fraction of antibodies is used for sensitization of erythrocytes in the Waaler-Rose test, the results may be misleading. PMID- 6681148 TI - IgG-rheumatoid factor in a population of elderly males: relationship to IgM rheumatoid factor and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The occurrence of IgG-rheumatoid factor (RF) reacting with rabbit IgG was studied in the sera of 1,105 elderly males from rural areas of Finland. Elevated levels of IgG-RF were found in 12 sera, 11 of which contained also IgM-RF, as measured by conventional agglutination tests and/or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and those with "false" positive RF reactions did not differ from each other with respect to the occurrence of IgG-RF. PMID- 6681149 TI - Protrusio acetabuli in osteoporosis and osteomalacia. AB - Protrusio Acetabuli (PA) occurs in various rheumatic conditions and metabolic bone disorders as a result of bony remodeling in the pelvis. We sought evidence of early PA in patients with biopsy-proven postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteomalacia using a quantitative radiographic index of protrusion. The values in osteoporotic patients were not significantly different from those in controls and did not correlate with bone density measurements. In osteomalacia, the index was significantly increased relative both to the osteoporosis and control groups; early PA was found in 50% of patients with osteomalacia. This simple radiographic measurement may be useful in the differential diagnosis of osteopenia. PMID- 6681151 TI - Acute pancreatitis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Successful treatment with plasmapheresis after failure of prednisone. AB - A 33-year old Caucasian woman with SLE, who had been treated with chloroquine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for one year, suddenly presented with a rapidly progressive exacerbation of SLE featuring fever, arthritis, cutaneous manifestations, cerebral dysfunction, pleuritis, pericarditis and pancreatitis. Clinical deterioration and a rise in the serum amylase occurred during a month of high dose prednisone treatment. Plasmapheresis, while maintaining prednisone at a constant dosage, resulted in a complete remission of all symptoms within four weeks. Plasmapheresis was discontinued and improvement was maintained whilst tapering off prednisone and adding azathioprine. PMID- 6681150 TI - Analogue chromatic continuous scale (ACCS): a new method for pain assessment. AB - A new pain rating scale, Analogue Chromatic Continuous Scale (ACCS), has been developed. The ACCS was tested in fifty consecutive patients suffering from pain of different origins, and compared with a simple descriptive scale (SDS) and a traditional 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). VAS and ACCS values showed a highly significant, positive correlation (r = 0.947, P less than 0.001). The means of the VAS and ACCS values, either considered as a whole or stratified according to SDS scores, did not differ significantly. The ACCS proved to be more sensitive than VAS (P less than 0.05), allowing a greater discrimination of grades of pain. Furthermore, the ACCS is very easy to use. PMID- 6681152 TI - Therapy of acute pancreatitis in systemic lupus erythematosus with plasmapheresis and corticosteroids. AB - A 24-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus had, after reduction of corticosteroid therapy, a severe relapse of the disease with hepatitis, nephritis and pleurisy. After admission to the hospital, she was given 60-80 mg/day of prednisone and acute pancreatitis developed on the third day. Plasmapheresis, followed by injection of 1 g of methylprednisolone, was started. This combined therapy induced a prompt and complete recovery in a few days. PMID- 6681153 TI - Melorheostosis and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A 63-year-old woman presented with the clinical picture of classical rheumatoid arthritis. X-ray examination also showed typical aspects of melorheostosis involving both femurs by linear hyperostosis. Humoral and bone scan findings were all in keeping with rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, a reduced renal phosphate reabsorption and hypophosphatemia were found along with mild hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. No evident relationships among rheumatoid arthritis, melorheostosis and renal phosphate handling were observed in this case. PMID- 6681154 TI - Treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) with cyclofenil. PMID- 6681155 TI - Esophageal cancer in migrants from high- or low-risk areas in China. AB - Death rates from esophageal cancer among migrant and indigenous populations were investigated in three areas in Hubei Province, China. The migrants were from Henan Province. Some came from Xichuam county where esophageal cancer is common and some from Shangchew Prefecture where the disease is less common. Death rates for the migrants moving from high risk to low risk areas over 10 years remained at a high level whereas migrants who have moved from low risk areas to low risk areas for periods in excess of 20 years have remained at a low level. That a small number of chickens raised by migrants from a high risk area developed gullet cancer would suggest the involvement of a traditional dietary habit and an associated carcinogen. PMID- 6681156 TI - Do cooking fuels pose a risk for lung cancer? A case-control study of women in Hong Kong. AB - Two hundred female lung cancer patients and 200 female district controls in Hong Kong were interviewed about their previous use of various types of cooking fuels to assess whether any association could be found with lung cancer risk. Mixed results were found when the data were analyzed in terms of ever-exposed vs never exposed duration, and relationship with smoking. Cases were found to have slightly more exposure to kerosene, whereas controls were likely to have used the cleaner, but more expensive, liquid petroleum gas (LPG) type of fuel. Because the evidence was conflicting if evaluated in terms of consistency, strength, specificity, and coherence of the associations, it was concluded that the small differences in exposure levels between the cases and controls probably reflected their socio-economic circumstances rather than risk for lung cancer. No interaction effect was found between kerosene exposure and smoking. PMID- 6681157 TI - Sugarcane farming--is there a link with cancer? AB - In the United States, there is an epidemic of lung cancer, which causes more deaths annually than any other form of cancer. During 1950-1969, 27 of Louisiana's 64 parishes ranked in the upper 100 US countries for lung cancer mortality. Many of the rural southern parishes in the upper decile for lung cancer were geographically associated with sugarcane production and processing area. In a retrospective case-control study of this excess lung cancer mortality it was found that persons engaged in sugarcane farm-related occupations have a significantly increased risk of mortality due to this disease. To expand this observation, a survey of the environmental exposures of sugarcane workers is being conducted. PMID- 6681158 TI - Population crowding and death rates due to heart disease. AB - Based upon the methodology of earlier research on death rates due to malignant neoplasms reported in this journal, this paper examines the relations between select social morphological factors of population size and density and rates of deaths due to heart disease. This study supports the findings of that earlier paper: populations having a stable morphological structure have a negative relation with death rates; populations experiencing a change in morphology, particularly an increase in the number of persons per housing unit, have a positive relation with mortality rates. An human ecological perspective is introduced to conceptualize the researches. PMID- 6681159 TI - Regional variance of cerebrovascular mortality in Japan. AB - Cerebrovascular disease is a chronic disease reflecting the influence of many different factors. In postwar Japan, the disease has been the primary cause of death and its mortality has shown the obvious regional variance. The purpose of this study is to present and appreciate the regional variance of the disease in Japan. The first step was the observation of the general regional variance of the disease by the trend surface analysis. Next came the classification of the regional types of the disease, which may be the regional character, in order to appreciate the detail of the variance of the disease. Lastly, the factor of the regional variance was examined by temperature in winter. The general pattern of distribution reveals cerebrovascular mortality to be higher in the east of the country and lower in the west. In more general terms the highest mortality is located in northeast Japan, except Hokkaido, and the lowest in southwest Japan, especially in the Inland Sea region. The fact that the higher mortality is in the mountainous region and the lower is in the plains and basins suggests dependence on geographical variations between both regions. There is a strong relationship in Japan between cerebrovascular mortality and the lower temperatures of winter. The exception is Hokkaido, where the lower mortality may be the result of other regional factors such as unconventional lifestyle. PMID- 6681160 TI - Ecology of dental caries. AB - Dental caries is a disease which affects all peoples of the world. However, different nations have a different range of problems related to the severity and prevalence of this disease. PMID- 6681161 TI - Campylobacter enteritis in Nottingham. AB - The incidence of campylobacter gastroenteritis in the population of Nottingham over a period of 3 years was studied. There was a seasonal variation with the highest number of cases occurring in the summer months. Campylobacter sp. were isolated from the stools of a total of 780 patients over this period. Of these 160 patients with gastroenteritis required admission to hospital. These patients' illness had an acute onset, and the predominant features were diarrhoea, severe abdominal pain, nausea and bright red blood with the stool. However not all the patients had diarrhoea. More than a third of the patients studied were less than 10 years old. The mean duration of symptoms was 4 days and the average stay in hospital was 5 days; some patients required prolonged admission (14 days). In a few cases campylobacter enteritis mimicked other clinical conditions including acute appendicitis. This study emphasises the importance of campylobacter enteritis as a cause of gastroenteritis in the community and the degree of morbidity associated with this illness. PMID- 6681162 TI - Urban malaria control situation and environmental issues, Madras City, India. AB - Madras was one of 22 urban places in India where centrally sponsored urban malaria control schemes were introduced in 1971-1972. Yet since 1970, malaria cases have actually registered a significant increase in Madras. This paper deals with some critical environmental issues facing malaria control schemes. The overall spatial trends and patterns of malaria incidence are illustrated through maps for the years 1975-1981. Areas of high incidence are shown in the northern part of the city which is also traditionally an endemic area. The City Corporation has identified 17 high risk divisions accounting for 75% of the total registered cases in the city. High risk areas were found to be related to environmentally deteriorating areas such as high density, older, residential areas, slums and squatter settled areas along stretches of two rivers and a canal which traverse the city, and the low-lying poorly drained areas scattered over many parts of the city. The typical breeding grounds and sources of major vectors (anophelines and culicines) are presented. A relationship exists between the density of breeding sources (of Anopheles stephensi), such as private and public wells (in use and in disuse), overhead tanks and cisterns, and malaria cases. Field observations were made in detail in four selected high risk areas. Each area presents different environmental, epidemiological and human (social) factors in understanding malaria resurgence situation and demand different types of control measures. The problems of implementation of urban control schemes are found to be political, administrative, economic, social as well as environmental in nature. The persistence of malaria problems in the city has been attributed to slackening of malaria eradication measures, rapid urban growth and deteriorating environmental conditions with sewage, drainage and sanitation programmes lagging far behind the plans. The advantages and drawbacks of various antimalaria (mostly larval) measures in practice are presented. Biological and chemical control methods of malaria seem to provide only temporary control of the vectors. Some of the problems and constraints faced by Madras City Corporation in enforcing public health measures are discussed. The study also points out that environmental improvement, management techniques and health education, including raising the public awareness and cooperation, involvement and participation at neighbourhood/community levels in a meaningful way, have a long way to go in achieving permanent vector control and eliminating the reservoir of infection. PMID- 6681163 TI - The relationship of ABO blood groups to bacteremia. AB - ABO blood types of patients with positive blood cultures were compared with those of patients with negative blood cultures and blood bank work-ups. The proportion of blood types in patients with positive blood cultures and blood bank work-ups was very similar. However the proportion of patients with negative blood cultures, though statistically insignificant, appeared to be different. Also, proportions of blood types of patients having Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia suggest that patients with type A blood may be slightly more prone to S. aureus bacteremia than those of other types. Results show that there is no apparent statistically significant correlation between blood group type and the occurrence of bacteremia in the small population studied; however, a more exhaustive study might find otherwise. PMID- 6681164 TI - Ambient air concentration of asbestos fibres, dust content and mortality: the case of Asbestos, Quebec. AB - Ambient air concentrations of asbestos fibres were measured during the period 20 June to 12 August, 1980 at three locations; Danville, Asbestos and Wottenville in the eastern townships of Quebec. Measurements were made with low-volume samplers and measurement periods ranged from 3 to 13 days. Fibre counts were made by means of electron microscopy. Our results indicate that overall fibre concentrations are related to atmospheric stability and to the direction of the prevailing wind with respect to the source of emission. Fibre concentrations are then related to total dust content of the ambient air for the town of Asbestos. Spatial variations of mortality are in turn related to the variations in the concentration of ambient air dust particles. PMID- 6681165 TI - DBCP pesticide in drinking water wells in Fresno and other communities in the central valley of California. AB - Spatial and temporal patterns of DBCP contamination of well water in eastern Fresno County were studied for the period 1979-1983. Associations were found between DBCP levels and land use, hydrological and geological variables and type of well. Large seasonal, monthly and daily fluctuations in DBCP concentrations appear to be due to well use patterns and time of sampling. These findings indicate that use of a formal sampling plan is essential for reliable monitoring of this and other pesticides in well water. Suggestions are made for improvements in the DBCP monitoring program in California. PMID- 6681166 TI - Temporal-spatial-social parameters in the spread of contagious disease. AB - A conceptual theoretical model was built on the basis of prominent concepts of the generally accepted knowledge on the spread of contagious disease. Subsequently, the model was applied to a real epidemic of variola minor (the mild form of smallpox) and four phases of the epidemic were disclosed. The phases discriminated themselves through their relationships to invasion of certain city subdivisions and rural districts and particularly, through the type of social units involved and the type of persons introducing the disease into these units. Introduction of variola minor into day schools with further spread in classes passed across a threshold which led to a boosting of the number of households affected and of the area involved in the epidemic. The phase of maximal spread corresponded to this operation of day schools as diffusion agencies. The temporal spatial-social correspondence suggests that phases of the epidemic did occur as a result of periodic variation of the mechanism of spread. PMID- 6681167 TI - Forecasting epidemic pathways for measles in Iceland: the use of simultaneous equation and logit models. AB - Six measles transmission chains between pairs and triplets of medical districts in Iceland are identified using monthly data for the 26 years from 1945 to 1970. The years studied are divided into two halves, a calibration period (1945-1957) and a forecast period (1958-1970). Some simultaneous equation models of the chains are developed and fitted using three-stage least squares. The resulting one month ahead forecasts are presented in terms of the expected case levels and as the probability of epidemics occurring. A single equation probability model using a logistic transformation is then formulated and compared with the simultaneous equation approach. The results obtained from the Icelandic study confirm in practice the advantages theoretically expected from setting up forecasting models containing geographically based chain transmission components. PMID- 6681168 TI - Outline to the investigation of an environmental exposure. AB - There is ever increasing concern whether potentially toxic environmental conditions are adversely impacting the health of the human population at risk of exposure. Traditional methods of epidemiology and other health related research disciplines have the reverse orientation, as they start with the occurrence of an epidemic, or a certain rate of disease in the population, and then seek the causes of that disease incidence. Traditional study designs offer much in the methods of disease/epidemic investigation, but less is available in the methods of exposure investigation. An introductory outline is offered here detailing the nature of the steps to be taken and their rationale in consideration of the health consequences of an environmental exposure. PMID- 6681169 TI - Aerobiology of schools and public institutions--part of a study. AB - The influence of the indoor climate in relation to the health of persons has mainly been connected with the physico-chemical properties of the environment. Complaints from patients concerning eye, nose and throat problems, hoarseness, headache and fatigue are common, especially in schools and other public institutions with heavy traffic and badly cleaned or water damaged wall-to-wall carpets. The significance of specific allergenic components in dust such as mites, mould, animal dander and pollen is well-known. However, the influence of a dirt-factor or a moisture-factor in the carpets or from ventilation systems leading to accumulation, liberation and inhalation of dust and micro-organisms, on allergic and non-allergic persons has, until recently, been neglected. To obtain knowledge on this influence, a systematical registration of the biological factors based on consecutive investigation has started. Results from registration of airborne micro-organisms show a tendency towards a larger amount of micro organisms measured 1 m above carpets than above bare floors. PMID- 6681170 TI - Extreme fatigue and malaise--a syndrome caused by badly cleaned wall-to-wall carpets? AB - Complaints connected with the indoor climate are often vague and a cause-effect relationship is difficult to demonstrate. The present paper describes two patients suffering from symptoms in the form of extreme fatigue and malaise. The patients connected their problems to the poorly cleaned working place. We found the working place to be covered with badly cleaned wall-to-wall carpet. Examination of 12 employees showed five to have symptoms related to the working place. Four of the five had precipitating antibodies against extracts of dust collected from the carpets and two of the five had a positive prick test to the same extract. After removal of the carpets all symptoms disappeared. We conclude that vague symptoms related to the indoor climate may be induced by accumulation of organic dust. PMID- 6681171 TI - A wind-tunnel study of the flow of air pollution in Armadale, central Scotland. AB - A wind-tunnel experiment was performed to clarify the effect of local topography on the distribution of air pollution from a steel foundry in Armadale, central Scotland, under various conditions of air flow. The findings indicated that two areas, one directly to the southwest of the foundry and the other in the north of the town, were liable to receive pollution more frequently than had been expected. These observations were used to interpret the results of earlier investigations which had demonstrated relatively high concentrations of metal pollutants in areas of the town which also had surprisingly high mortality from lung cancer during previous years. PMID- 6681172 TI - Review of food consumption surveys, 1981. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. PMID- 6681174 TI - [Bacterial antibodies and isoagglutinins in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations]. AB - Various lots of intravenous immunoglobulins for passive immunization should contain almost the same, broad, antibody profile and provoke very low frequencies of untoward reactions. From 1976-1982 a study was undertaken to measure the level of antibodies directed against tetanustoxin, diphtheriatoxin, streptolysin O, staphylolysin, and salmonella in up to 82 lots. It is interesting to note that the measured level of antibodies in intravenous immunoglobulins varied only slightly as well qualitatively as quantitatively with one exception: an immunoglobulin of placental origin. The amount of tetanusantitoxin in the majority of lots of that preparation was ten-fold lower than that of the other immunoglobulins. Intravenous immunoglobulins contain generally 3-6 IE/ml antistaphylolysin, 600-1200 IE/ml antistreptolysin O, 10-20 IE/ml tetanusantitoxin, and 1-2 IE/ml diphtheriaantitoxin. Antibodies to salmonella could not be demonstrated. Some of the lots exhibited isoagglutinins up to a dilution of 1 : 4. PMID- 6681173 TI - [Immunomodulation by symptomaticly active antirheumatic agents]. AB - As antigen-presenting and/or monokine-secreting cells, macrophages play a major role in immunoregulation. Proteases of macrophage origin (cathepsin G, elestase, thrypsin and pronase) act on cell surfaces of different cell lines, inducing cell activation, e.g. of B-lymphocytes. T-lymphocytes might be stimulated by the activating factor LAF. Other macrophage products (CSF, FIM) control monocyte production in bone marrow. While lymphocytes are the target cell lines for classical immunosuppressive agents, mononuclear phagocytes are kept for the major cell population affected by antiinflammatory drugs. The presented study outlines the significance of the mononuclear-phagocytesystem in antiinflammatory drug research. The inhibiting potency of antiinflammatory drugs on the monocyte macrophage cell line as an additional immunoregulatory principle should be discussed. PMID- 6681176 TI - Morphometric study of mesenteric and renal arteries in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and Wistar-Kyoto controls (WKY) were fixed by immersion and plastic embedded. The media cross-sectional area and the length of the internal elastic membrane were measured. The ratio between media thickness and internal radius was then calculated for a standardized condition, implying a perfectly smooth and circular internal elastic membrane. An increase of the media to radius ratio was already demonstrable in visceral arterial branches of SHR and SHRSP by 15 days of age, indicating that changes of arterial structure could be of pathogenetic importance in early hypertension. At seven months of age the ratio was significantly increased in mesenteric arterial branches of SHR and SHRSP and in renal arterial branches of SHRSP. The media to radius ratio was markedly increased in the renal and superior mesenteric arterial trunks of adult SHR (P less than 0.001 in both) and SHRSP (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01). This was due to a greater media cross-sectional area in the former vessels and to a combination of greater media and reduced radius in the latter. PMID- 6681175 TI - [Efficacy of tinidazole against anaerobes in comparison with metronidazole, ornidazole, cefoxitin and lamoxactam]. AB - The in vitro inhibitory activity of tinidazole, metronidazole, ornidazole, cefoxitin and moxalactam was determined against 150 isolates of clinically important anaerobes including Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides bivius and Clostridium perfringens by means of agar dilution tests. The members of 18 gramnegative and 14 grampositive species were inhibited by tinidazole at less than or equal to 0,01-8 micrograms/ml thus being without exception susceptible to the drug. A similar in vitro activity was recorded for metronidazole and ornidazole. Though cefoxitin and moxalactam generally had a good in vitro activity against most anaerobic species, single strains of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, B. distasonis, Clostridium difficile and Eubacterium rectale were resistant to these drugs. With regard to its in vitro activity, tinidazole seems to be a promising substance for the therapy of anaerobic infections. PMID- 6681177 TI - Body fluid volumes during development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Body fluid volumes were measured in conscious spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats from four to 16 weeks of age. Plasma volume was elevated in four-week-old SHR, similar at five weeks, and decreased at all other ages compared with WKY controls. Blood volume showed a similar pattern. Extracellular fluid volume was found not to be different between the two strains in age-matched animals, except at four and five weeks where the SHR exhibited lower values than the WKY. The plasma/interstitial fluid volume ratio was significantly elevated at four weeks, but decreased from six weeks on in SHR compared with WKY controls. Sodium space tended to be increased in young SHR (four to six weeks), but was similar at eight and 16 weeks for the two strains. These results indicate that: (1) intravascular volume expansion may be involved in the development of hypertension in SHR in the very early stages; (2) intravascular volume changes do not appear to be related to overall volume expansion or contraction. PMID- 6681178 TI - Alcohol, personality and predisposition to essential hypertension. AB - The nature of the relationship between alcohol, personality and blood pressure levels was examined in 491 working men who completed detailed questionnaires which included Eysenck's personality inventory. Alcohol had an effect on systolic blood pressure levels independent of all other factors studied. However, in 152 non-smoking moderate to heavy drinkers (greater than 18 g ethanol per day) the extroversion/introversion trait was the most significant predictor of systolic blood pressure levels, and in introverted drinkers the prevalence of hypertension (greater than or equal to 140 mmHg systolic or greater than or equal to 90 mmHg diastolic) was three times that of extroverted drinkers and nine times that of teetotallers. This association between introversion and 'hypertension' was not seen in drinkers who also smoked cigarettes. The interactions between environmental stimuli (alcohol, smoking) and presumably genetically determined personality characteristics may have an important bearing on concepts of essential hypertension and point to new approaches for investigation. PMID- 6681179 TI - Arterial pressure and hormone relationships in phaeochromocytoma. AB - To investigate the regulation of arterial pressure and vasoactive hormones in phaeochromocytoma, we measured intra-arterial pressure and hourly venous hormones (renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, catecholamines and cortisol) for 24 h in two patients before and three months after removal of a catecholamine-secreting tumour. Before surgery, plasma catecholamines, renin and angiotensin II levels showed a weak inverse correlation with arterial pressure, whereas after surgery norepinephrine-blood pressure correlations were close and positive. Heart rate and arterial pressure fluctuations were reciprocal during short-term recordings but were parallel after removal of the tumour. Renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone levels, initially elevated, fell into the normal range after surgery. Circulating norepinephrine correlated in a positive fashion with renin before and after operation. Slopes of log renin (or angiotensin II)/aldosterone, and log cortisol/ aldosterone regression lines were steeper in the initial study compared to the second. We conclude that arterial pressure fluctuations measured hourly are not determined by concurrent levels of catecholamines or angiotensin II in phaeochromocytoma, although we surmise that minute-by-minute changes in blood pressure are catecholamine-related. Renin release is, at least in part, controlled by circulating catecholamines. Aldosterone responsiveness to angiotensin II and to ACTH is enhanced in phaeochromocytoma. PMID- 6681180 TI - Systemic and regional haemodynamic effects of renal denervation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Systemic and regional haemodynamic effects of renal denervation were evaluated in adult (six-month-old) male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) using the Fick procedure and electromagnetic flowmetry technique. Renal denervation (bilateral, 10% phenol in ethanol), performed five to eight days before the experiment, resulted in a significant decrease (-12%) in arterial pressure in conscious SHR (denervated = 182 +/- 4 versus sham = 207 +/- 8 mmHg, P less than 0.05) that was associated with a reduction in total peripheral resistance (TPR: denervated = 1.83 +/- 0.19 versus sham = 2.78 +/- 0.29 mmHg/ml/min, P less than 0.05) and an increase in cardiac output (denervated = 106 +/- 10 versus sham = 80 +/- 9 ml/min, P less than 0.05). Heart rate was not different between the two groups. Renal, hindquarter and superior mesenteric blood flows, determined under pentobarbital anaesthesia, of denervated SHR were not significantly different from sham values. Renal vascular resistance (mmHg/ml/min) was substantially reduced (-39%) in the denervated SHR (denervated = 25.1 +/- 1.86 versus sham = 41.1 +/- 3.48, P less than 0.01), but vascular resistances in the hindquarter and superior mesenteric beds were not reduced significantly. In this preparation TPR was reduced 32% in denervated SHR. The data demonstrate that renal denervation in adult SHR proves an antihypertensive vasodilator-like effect related to a decrease in TPR with increased cardiac output. The reduction in renal vascular resistance in denervated SHR may produce a major contribution to decreased TPR. Other beds may also contribute to the decrease in TPR, although to a lesser extent, since the decrease in TPR cannot be fully accounted for by decreased renal vascular resistance. PMID- 6681181 TI - Long-term effects on central haemodynamics and body fluid volumes of ketanserin in essential hypertension studies at rest and during dynamic exercise. AB - The long-term haemodynamic effects of ketanserin, a new serotonin-antagonist, was examined in 13 patients of both sexes (age range 24-62 years) with mild and moderate essential hypertension (EH). Cardiac output (CO) and intra-arterial blood pressure (BP) were measured at rest and during exercise before and after nine months of therapy. On ketanserin the mean casual BP was lowered by 15/21 mmHg to 152/91 mmHg and five of the 13 patients became 'normotensive' (BP less than 140/90 mmHg). The intra-arterial systolic pressure fell by 5-8% and the diastolic pressure by 5-11% from pretreatment levels at rest supine, sitting and during 50, 100 and 150 W exercise. The fall in BP was associated with a reduction in CO at rest while during exercise both a fall in CO and in total peripheral resistance contributed to the hypotensive effect. The fall in CO was due to a reduction in heart rate (average: -4 to 8 beats/min). The stroke volume remained unchanged in all settings and oxygen consumption was not affected by the drug. Body weight and body fluid volumes did not change significantly. Eight patients complained of drowsiness and lack of concentration. It is concluded that in mild and moderate EH ketanserin induces a moderate BP reduction associated with a fall in CO. There is no large vasodilating effect after long-term ketanserin treatment either at rest or during exercise. Ketanserin does not influence body fluid balance. The incidence of side-effects is high. PMID- 6681182 TI - Combining attributes in rapid serial visual presentation tasks. PMID- 6681183 TI - Differential acquisition rates for different types of information from pictures. PMID- 6681184 TI - Visual pattern recognition: size preprocessing re-examined. PMID- 6681185 TI - Visual dissociations of movement, position, and stereo depth: some phenomenal phenomena. PMID- 6681186 TI - Misreadings by beginning readers of Serbo-Croatian. PMID- 6681187 TI - [Lumbar epidural block and obstetric analgesia-anesthesia]. PMID- 6681188 TI - [Polycystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 6681189 TI - [Conservative treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 6681190 TI - [Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: effect of diazepam blood levels]. PMID- 6681192 TI - [Endometriosis]. PMID- 6681191 TI - [Obstetric acute fatty liver]. PMID- 6681193 TI - [Condylomata acuminata of the uterine cervix. Malignant potential]. PMID- 6681195 TI - [Twin pregnancy: 7 years' evaluation]. PMID- 6681194 TI - [Behavior of magnesium in pregnant women. I. Comparative study between normal pregnant women and those with pathology]. PMID- 6681196 TI - [The ovulation method (Billings)]. PMID- 6681197 TI - [Clinical effectiveness of the ovulation method (Billings)]. PMID- 6681198 TI - [Appendicitis and pregnancy]. PMID- 6681199 TI - [Genital prolapse]. PMID- 6681200 TI - [Biliary surgery and pregnancy]. PMID- 6681201 TI - [Fetus acardius amorphus: a clinical case]. PMID- 6681202 TI - [Ultrasonic study of the brain of term and premature newborn infants. Normal parameters]. PMID- 6681203 TI - [A combination of 3 fetal parameters in the diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation]. PMID- 6681204 TI - [Experience with diagnostic hysteroscopy]. PMID- 6681205 TI - [Hypertension induced by pregnancy]. PMID- 6681206 TI - [Use of vital stains as an investigational method in pregnancies at term with living and dead fetuses]. PMID- 6681207 TI - [Urinary stress incontinence]. PMID- 6681208 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cardiopathies: 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 6681209 TI - [Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, serum bile acids, and electronic monitoring of the fetus]. PMID- 6681210 TI - [Effect of a combined oral contraceptive on lactation and growth of the infant]. PMID- 6681212 TI - [Microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 6681211 TI - [Phlebography in acute congestion of grade 3 uterine retroversoflexion before and after manual correction]. PMID- 6681213 TI - [Results of microsurgery of the pathological fallopian tube and in the reversal of tubal sterilization]. PMID- 6681214 TI - [Extragenital endometriosis. A clinical case]. PMID- 6681215 TI - [Serological study of rubella in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Hospital Paula Jaraquemada]. PMID- 6681216 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of te Dandy-Walker syndrome associated with partial trisomy of chromosome 9]. PMID- 6681217 TI - [Identification of the high-risk fetus: basal electronic monitoring of the heart rate of the fetus and the maternal urinary estriol curve]. PMID- 6681218 TI - [Surgical treatment of pelvic pathology associated with complete or incomplete prolapse with or without urinary incontinence]. PMID- 6681219 TI - [Bacteriology, clinical course, and histoplacental, myometrial and hysterographic findings in the infected ovum between 10 and 26 weeks]. PMID- 6681220 TI - Faecal pollution and shellfish hygienic condition. PMID- 6681221 TI - [Italian results in a quality control program for the determination of lead in blood. EEC directive 312/29-3-1977]. PMID- 6681223 TI - [Project SIDAF: analysis and design of an information system for the drug sector of the National Health Service]. PMID- 6681222 TI - [Legionellosis in Italy, January 1979-September 1982]. PMID- 6681224 TI - [Acute oral toxicity in the rat of 3-nitro-4-chloro-alpha,alpha, alpha trifluorotoluene (NCTT) and 3,5-dinitro-4-chloro-alpha,alpha, alpha trifluorotoluene (DNCTT)]. PMID- 6681225 TI - [Surveillance for infectious diseases after the Italian earthquake of 23 November 1980]. PMID- 6681226 TI - [Contamination by anesthetic gas in operating rooms: measurement of personal exposure and environmental monitoring]. PMID- 6681227 TI - [Chlorination of water and formation of trihalomethanes: quantitative study of the levels detected in some Italian aqueducts]. PMID- 6681228 TI - [Subchronic oral toxicity in the rat of 3-nitro-4-chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha trifluorotoluene (NCTT)]. PMID- 6681229 TI - [Objectives and methodologies of ICRP Publication 26 for the protection of the health of workers and the population. Problems with specifications]. PMID- 6681230 TI - [The practice of nuclear medicine in Italy and radioactive wastes]. PMID- 6681231 TI - [Incidence of bacteremia and thrombophlebitis in 4 Italian hospitals and their association with the use of intravenous sets]. PMID- 6681232 TI - [Degradation of a nylon polyamide fabric by Fusarium sp]. PMID- 6681233 TI - Middle molecules evaluation in chronic renal failure during conservative treatment. PMID- 6681234 TI - [Microbiological findings in a water treatment plant]. PMID- 6681235 TI - [Sesquiterpene lactones of pharmacological importance: structural and functional properties. IV. First revision]. PMID- 6681236 TI - [Survey on aircraft noise in the environs of Fiumicino Airport. Critical analysis and evaluation of the results]. PMID- 6681237 TI - [Determination of fluorine in plant tissues]. PMID- 6681238 TI - [Contamination of oaks by heavy metals]. PMID- 6681239 TI - [Report on the activities of the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar in 1982]. PMID- 6681240 TI - Cell immunologic reactions in estimating chronic brucellosis activity. AB - The study of cellular immunological reactions- lymphocyte blasttransformation reaction (LBTR) and leucocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) in 201 patients with chronic brucellosis showed that they can be used as additional diagnostic criteria of chronic brucellosis activity estimation, especially in seronegative cases of the disease. On the basis of results obtained a diagnostic table is devised. PMID- 6681241 TI - [Mycotoxins and food contamination]. AB - The contamination of food and feed by fungi and their toxins (mycotoxins) has to be considered as a serious hazard in the daily live. Mycotoxins are natural contaminants in foods and could induce several syndromes. Many mycotoxicosis are described. The control and surveillance of mycotoxins involve the carrying out of surveys, toxicological studies and institution of regulations. PMID- 6681242 TI - [Parasitoses of food origin in Tunisia]. AB - About diet parasitosis, the author distincts three origins of contamination: telluric, proteinic, and both. The telluric parasitosis are the most frequent, intestinal (by helminths or protozoairs) as visceral (hydatidosis). The frequence of these parasitosis is subjected to changes in the different areas, in intensity, but also in the nature of identified parasite. Toxoplasmosis, transmitted by the two mods occurs in Tunisia. The population average percentage protection is however no sufficient to prevent the risk of contamination during pregnancy. PMID- 6681244 TI - [Joint research on the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs. 2. Energy and nitrogen metabolism of fattening hybrids in the fattening range of 30 to 120 kg]. AB - In 3 experiments a total of 242 total metabolism experiments with ad libitum feeding (experiment 1), 75% (experiment 2) and 62% (experiment 3) of the energy level of the 1st experiment and approximately equal protein and amino acid doses in experiments 1-3 were carried out with 8 castrated male fattening hybrids each (large white X land race pig) X line 150) in the live weight range between 30 and 120 kg. On average, feed intake over the whole live weight range was 2.24; 1.79 and 1.50 kg/animal and day, the corresponding daily live weight gain was 729, 533 and 396 g. With regard to the digestibility of the energy and the nutrients and the metabolisable energy in % of the gross energy there was no relation to the development of the animals. The intake of metabolisable energy per kg live weight decreased with ad libitum feeding and with the advancing development at the end of the experiment in contrast to the beginning of the experiment to 53%, energy retention to 56%. The utilisation of metabolisable energy for body energy retention, taking account of a maintenance requirement of 450 kJ/kg live weight 0,62 on the average of the 3 experiments was 68.4 +/- 1.9, 70.3 +/- 2.0 and 64.3 +/- 2.6%. Energy retention in experiments 1 to 3 amounted to 8.6, 6.8 and 5.3 MJ at the beginning and to 18.1, 12.2 and 8.0 MJ per animal and day at the end of the experiment. Protein energy retention of the pigs (live weight 40 kg) was 26% of the total energy retention in experiments 1 and 2 and 49% in experiment 3. In experiments 1 and 3 protein retention decreased to 15% of the total energy retention, in experiment 2 protein retention remained constantly at 22% between 60 and 110 kg live weight and then decreased to 18%. Consequently, the N-balances were 23-16 g, 16-20 g and 16-9 g/animal and day. The chemical composition of the carcasses was strongly influenced by the level of nutrition. At the beginning of the experiment the protein content averaged between 49 and 57% and the total fat content between 31 and 38% of the dry matter. At the end of the experiment the carcasses of the animals from experiments 1-3 had crude protein contents of 28, 33 and 42% and total fat contents of 66, 61 and 50% of the dry matter. PMID- 6681243 TI - [Joint research on the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs. 1. Setting the objectives and conditions of the experiments]. AB - The objectives and the frame programme for the tests within a joint international experiment for the more precise determination of the energy and protein requirement of fattening pigs are described. Partner institutes from the GDR (coordinator), Bulgaria, Hungary, the USSR, and Czechoslovakia participated in this task within the scope of the coordination centre "Development of biologic bases for industrial animal production" in change of which is the Forschungszentrum fur Tierproduktion (Research Centre for Animal Production) Dummerstorf-Rostock of the GDR Academy of Agricultural Sciences. PMID- 6681245 TI - [Joint research on the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs. 3. The energy requirement of hybrid swine]. AB - The energy requirement for hybrid pigs ((large white X land race pig) X line 150) in the live weight range between 35 and 120 kg is derived from 242 measurings of the total metabolism as the sum of energy requirement for maintenance and energy requirement for live weight gain. Energy requirement is estimated by means of the following equation: (Formula: see text). Energy maintenance requirement, energy content per 1 kg live weightgain in dependence of the daily gain and the derived energy requirement for growth and fattening are compared with corresponding results from investigations with pigs of the species large white and land race pig. Essential differences concerning parameters of energy metabolism determining the requirement could not be detected. PMID- 6681246 TI - [Joint research on the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs. 4. The effect of the energy level on the fattening of Camborough-type hybrid swine]. AB - Scientific feeding experiments were carried out with 5 castrated male pigs and 4 female animals of the genetic origin "Camborough" in the live weight range between 30 and 100 kg with a subdivision at 60 kg. In each test group the animals were fed individually and received rations with approximately equal contents of protein, amino acids, minerals and vitamins but different energy contents. Energy intake was adjusted to 3 levels of 100%, 85% and 70% of semi-ad-libitum intake. Apart from that, the digestibility of the feed mixtures used in the 2 fattening periods was determined. Having reached a live weight of 100 kg, 7 representative animals per group were slaughtered and a number of slaughtering parameters were registered. In all three test groups the daily live weight gain over the complete fattening period was very high (846, 819 and 778 g). Though the weight gain in group 3 with 70% of the energy supply of group 1 is significantly lower than in the other two groups, it is, however, only 70 g lower than in group 1. Consequently, the feed expenditure (2.6 kg mixed feed per kg live weight gain) in group 3 is by 20% lower than in group 1, in which the feed expenditure is 3.2 kg mixed feed per kg live weight gain. There were no significant differences on the weight gain performances and the registered carcass parameters between sows and castrated male pigs. Observed deviating tendencies are discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6681247 TI - [Joint research on the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs. 5. The effect of the crude protein concentration in the isocaloric diet on the fattening performance of swine of the Bulgarian Landrace]. AB - Live weight development and feed expenditure on 3 levels of crude protein supply and with isocaloric rations were investigated in scientific feeding experiments with 7 castrated male pigs each of the Bulgarian land race in the live weight range between 30 and 100 kg with a subdivision at 60 kg. The crude protein concentrations in the rations for the 3 groups were 17%, 15% and 13% in the first fattening period and 15% 13% and 11% in the second fattening period. In the two fattening periods the digestibility of the feed mixtures used was ascertained in experiments. The daily live weight gain in the three groups over the whole fattening period reached a high level of performance (836 g, 778 g and 757 g). The feed expenditure values were 3.3, 3.7 and 3.7 kg mixed feed (88% dry matter) per kg live weight gain. The highest protein supply resulted in the best weight gain performance and the lowest feed expenditure. PMID- 6681248 TI - [Joint research on the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs. 6. The effect of various energy and protein levels on the performance and feed expenditure of fattening pigs]. AB - Scientific feeding experiments with hybrid pigs of the type Hungahib in the fattening period between 30 and 100 kg were carried out with one repetition as part of a joint international experiment. Feed, nutrient and energy expenditure were tested on 3 levels of energy supply (100 : 85 : 70%) and 3 levels of protein supply (18 : 16 : 14%) in the fattening period between 30 and 60 kg and 16 : 14 : 12% in the fattening period between 60 and 100 kg). In addition to this, parallel metabolism experiments were carried out to determine the digestibility and the N balance of the feed mixtures used. The cost of feeding was also taken into consideration. The best results with regard to the fattening performance and the minimising of feed cost were achieved with the following ration type: (Table: see text). The fattening performance with this ration type was 712 g average daily live weight gain in the range between 30 and 60 kg live weight in the 1st fattening experiment and 601 g in the 2nd fattening experiment. A classification of the expenditure values has been attempted in the 10th contribution to this series of publications dealing with the total results of the joint international experiment. PMID- 6681249 TI - [Joint research on the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs. 7. The effect of various energy levels on the performance and feed expenditure of fattening pigs]. AB - Scientific feeding experiments were carried out with 7 male castrated pigs of the genetic origin land race pig X large white with the test animals fed individually and the rations containing approximately the same amounts of protein, amino acids, minerals and vitamins but varied amounts of energy. Energy intake was adjusted to three levels: 100%, 85% and 70% of semi-ad-libitum intake (group 1 = 100%). With regard to protein supply there was a subdivision into 30-60 and 60 100 kg live weight. In addition to this, the digestibility of the feed mixture used and the N-balance were determined in both fattening periods. Having reached 100 kg live weight, the animals were slaughtered and a number of slaughtering parameters was determined. The average daily live weight gain in the three test groups was 749, 664 and 540 g over the whole fattening period. The feed expenditure was 3.7, 3.9 and 4.3 kg mixed feed per kg live weight gain so that, with regard to live weight performance and feed expenditure the group with the highest energy supply showed the best results. The level of energy supply had a remarkable influence on the composition of weight gain; thus the amount of fat in the carcass of the animals of groups 3 was by 1.8 kg and 2.5 kg resp. lower than of the animals in groups 2 and 1. PMID- 6681250 TI - [Joint research on the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs. 8. The effect of various protein levels on the performance and feed expenditure of fattening pigs]. AB - Live weight development and feed expenditure were investigated on 3 levels of protein supply and isocaloric rations in scientific feeding experiments with 10 castrated male pigs each of the genetic origin land race pig X large white fed individually in the live weight range between 30 and 100 kg with a subdivision at 60 kg. In the air-dried matter the crude protein content of the feed mixtures used in the first fattening period was 17.6; 15.7 and 13.7% resp. and in the second fattening period from 60 kg live weight onwards 14.9; 12.8 and 11.4% resp. for the 3 test groups. In both fattening periods the digestibility of the rations and the N-balance were determined at 3 representative animals from each of the 3 groups. The following average live weight gains were achieved in the 3 test groups: 1st fattening period: 662; 592 and 539 g resp.; 2nd X fattening period: 709; 676 and 644 g resp. Feed expenditure over the complete fattening period was 4.2; 4.5 and 5.2 kg air-dried matter per kg live weight gain. The highest protein supply resulted in the best live weight gain performance and the lowest expenditure. PMID- 6681251 TI - [Joint research on the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs. 9. The effect of various levels of energy and protein nutrition on the performance and feed expenditure of fattening pigs]. AB - In the scope of a joint international experiment, 2 scientific feeding experiments were carried out in combination with measurings of the metabolism for the determination of the digestibility and the N-balance with hybrid pigs of modern genetic origin in the fattening period between 30 and 100 kg live weight. In the first experiment with isocaloric feeding the influence of 3 levels of protein supply (18, 16 and 14% crude protein in the first fattening period and 16, 14 and 12% crude protein in the second fattening period) on the fattening performance and the expenditure of feed, protein and energy per kg live weight gain and in the 2nd experiment with equal crude protein supply per animal and day the influence of 3 levels of energy supply (100 : 85 : 70%) on fattening performance and expenditure were tested. In addition to that, the composition of the carcass was ascertained of a total of 51 animals. The average live weight gain in the 3 variants and over the complete fattening period between 30 and 100 kg in experiment 1 amounted to 772 g, 753 g and 687 g and in experiment 2 to 778 g, 713 g and 583 g. The best fattening performance was achieved with the highest energy and protein supply, and an energy supply reduced by 15% nevertheless resulted in fattening performance 753 and 713 g resp. per animal and day. The expenditure values are discussed; a detailed evaluation is given in the 10th contribution to this series of publications on the total results of this joint international experiment. The carcass analysis shows the tendency of a decreasing protein content in the carcass caused by a decreasing protein supply and an increasing fat and energy content whereas a decrease of the energy supply has no effect on the protein content but a distinct effect with regard to the decrease of the fat content of the carcass caused by the decreased energy supply. PMID- 6681253 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 6681252 TI - [Joint research on the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs. 10. Comparative evaluation of the research for the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs]. AB - Institutes from 5 CMEA countries took part in complementary joint investigations in order to ascertain the variance in energy and protein requirement and parameters of nutrient and energy metabolism with such fattening pigs as test animals as characterise the prospective breeding development in each of the countries and in order to establish the bases for the critical revision of the norms of energy and protein requirement for fattening pigs and, if necessary, their more precise determination. The most important conclusion drawn from the comparative assessment of the results presented in 9 articles is that due to wide variations in the energy and protein requirement values between the individual investigators as well as within the institutions themselves, norms of energy and protein requirement for fattening can only be adopted between countries when adequate investigations under the specific conditions of the individual countries justify this. PMID- 6681254 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of cervix erosions in Candida carriers]. PMID- 6681255 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the use of glucose and fructose by the oxidative pathway in a strain of Rhizobium meliloti]. AB - The oxidation rate in resting cells of Rhizobium meliloti was investigated with either glucose or fructose as substrate. Fructose uptake was found to be complete, whereas glucose uptake did not fully occur, yielding 2-kitogluconic acid in the medium. At the end of fructose oxidation, significant levels of this substrate and its derivatives had accumulated in the bacteria. PMID- 6681256 TI - The role of calcium and phosphorus in the etiology of tibial dyschondroplasia in young chicks. AB - By means of a central composite rotatable design with dietary calcium levels of 0.63, 0.70, 1.10, 1.50 and 1.67% and total phosphorus levels of 0.53, 0.61, 0.81, 1.01 and 1.09%, practical-type rations were fed for 2 weeks to commercial broiler type chickens. The design involved three replicates for each rotatable point and 15 replicates for the central point with 10 cockerels per replicate or a total of 390 birds. When the experiment was terminated, the chickens were weighted and killed; one tibia was used to determine bone ash and the other tibia for scoring the incidence and severity of tibial dyschondroplasia. The incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens fed the various diets ranged from 0 to 37%. A high incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia was associated with diets containing high phosphorus and low calcium levels. Tibial dyschondroplasia score and percentage of bone ash were not correlated. No obvious relationships existed between tibial dyschondroplasia incidence and percentage retention of calcium and phosphorus. A second experiment confirmed the finding that increased dietary calcium levels would reduce the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia when chickens were fed diets high in phosphorus. PMID- 6681257 TI - Light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the basal hypothalamus: morphological evidence for neuroendocrine gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA). AB - GABAergic cells and axon terminals were localized in the basal hypothalamus of differnet species (rat, mouse and cat), by means of an immunocytochemical approach using a specific and well-characterized antiserum to the GABA biosynthetic enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase. Light-microscopic visualization was performed with an indirect immunofluorescence method and electron-microscopic observations were made on material with pre-embedding staining and use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase procedure. At the light-microscopic level, a dense immunofluorescent plexus was observed over both the medial and lateral parts of the external layer of the median eminence. The labelling extended from the rostal part of the median eminence up to the pituitary stalk. Over the subependymal and internal layers only a few immunoreactive dots were visible, except around the blood vessels where they appeared more concentrated. Immunoreactive varicosities could be found following the outlines of the capillary loops and lining tanycyte processes, especially in the median eminance midportion. At the electron microscopic level, the immunolabelling was exclusively found over neuronal profiles in the median eminence. The latter represented a small fraction of the total number of varicosities visible on the same section. Labelled profiles typically contained numerous small clear synaptic vesicles and only a few or no dense-core vesicles. In the subependymal and internal layers, rare labelled endings were found close to ependymal cells or among transversally cut fibers, respectively. In the palisadic zone, elongated positive boutons were visible intermingled with bundles of unlabelled axons and glial or ependymal processes. In the neurohemal contact zone, immunoreactive endings were observed among unlabelled neurosecretory endings in close vicinity to fenestrated capillary perivascular space. Small moderately intense immunofluorescent varicosities were observed all over the hypothalamus. The density of the glutamate decarboxylase positive network was higher than in most diencephalic regions. Intraventricular or topical injection of colchicine allowed the visualization of small lightly immunoreactive cells in the diffusion area of colchicine. In the arcuate nucleus labelled axonal endings containing small pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and sometimes a few dense-core vesicles were observed at the electron-microscopic level. Typical synaptic junctions were commonly found between positive endings and unlabelled perikarya, or more frequently, unlabelled dendrites. These findings show that glutamate decarboxylase-containing endings are localized ed in several strategic sites for potential GABAergic neuroendocrine regulations. The GABAergic endings found among neurosecretory endings in the neurohemal contact zone may provide the morphological support for the release of gamma-aminobutyrate into the portal blood flow as an hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormone. PMID- 6681258 TI - [Experimental amyotrophic leukospongiosis]. AB - Experimental amyotrophic leukospongiosis (ALSP) has first been reproduced in 2 squirrel monkeys 16 and 23 months after inoculation of the animals with a brain suspension from the patient who had died of this disease. From the brain cell cultures of the monkeys a hemadsorbing agent was isolated which induced cell proliferation and was inhibited by the antisera from patients with ALSP. PMID- 6681259 TI - [M-mode echocardiogram in adolescents genetically predisposed to the development of hypertension]. PMID- 6681261 TI - [Circadian aspects of the heart rate in atrial fibrillation patients: the comparative effect of digoxin and pentaformylgitoxin]. PMID- 6681263 TI - [Correlations between cigarette smoke and other risk factors in coronary disease]. PMID- 6681265 TI - [Diagnosis of sinoatrial dysfunction by dynamic electrocardiography]. PMID- 6681266 TI - Optimal resources for implantable cardiac pacemakers. Pacemaker Study Group. AB - In this document, the 1974 Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources (ICHD) report, Implantable Cardiac Pacemakers, has been revised and updated to emphasize the increased complexity of present-day pacing, to propose realistic guidelines for various aspects of pacing practivce, and to identify the resources needed for delivery of this important mode of health care. The first section of the report describes the several types of pacemakers currently available, how they function, and how and to what purpose they may be modified through noninvasive programming. Recommendations are given for a modified and updated version of the widely accepted ICHD code for identification of pacing modes. The emphasis of the second section of the report is on physical and personnel resources. Matters considered in some depth include the training and qualification of the various medical, technical, and paramedical specialists involved in an implantation procedure; requirements for, and methods of achieving, short and long-term surveillance of pacemaker patients; and the role of the hospital, the manufacturers, and the FDA in this new era of complex dual chamber, multiprogrammable pacemakers. PMID- 6681267 TI - Optimal resources for examination of the heart and lungs: cardiac catheterization and radiographic facilities. Examination of the Chest and Cardiovascular System Study Group. AB - This is a revision of the 1976 report published under the auspices of the Inter Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources. These guidelines provide a description of optimal resources, personnel, and working arrangements and should not be used to set minimal, standard, or uniform criteria or practices for all institutions. Included in the report are specifications for radiologic and physiologic equipment, description of case loads for maintaining safe and effective performance and considerations or complication rates. Also discussed are professional staff qualifications and relationships between physicians and technical and administrative services personnel. Other topics reviewed included laboratory location, electrical safety, and radiation protection as well as optimal facilities and equipment criteria for conventional x-rays. Newer imaging modalities are briefly considered, primarily to to emphasize that the field is rapidly changing. It is not possible, however to make specific recommendations concerning how these modalities will complement and/or replace more conventional techniques and approaches now considered appropriate and optimal. PMID- 6681268 TI - Myths of mid-winter depression. AB - An investigation was conducted into the effect of a major Alaskan annual winter festival upon the rates of crisis data. Analysis of rates of suicide, attempted suicide, family disturbance calls, crisis calls, and mental health admissions indicated no significant effect of the festival. Statewide statistics over several years indicate that demands for depression-related services appear to peak in either the summer or the fall. These results do not support the widely held belief that depression is more common during the winter in the North or that mid-winter festivals help to promote psychological well-being. It is concluded that the pervasiveness of such myths may lead to misdiagnosis or mistreatment, and that other folklore should be examined for its validity. PMID- 6681269 TI - Work satisfaction among rural mental health staff. AB - Previous studies demonstrating low levels of work satisfaction among mental health staff have failed to investigate specific correlates such as employment status, educational and caseload characteristics or to consider differences in a rural organizational context. Responses on 11 work satisfaction items were compared on 16 work and educational characteristics for 47 clinical staff in rural mental health facilities. The correlates of work satisfaction identified are compared to previous job satisfaction studies, and profiles of least and most satisfied staff are discussed. PMID- 6681270 TI - The effects of increased information on intake decision making in a rural mental health center. AB - To increase the efficiency with which decisions were made in their agency, the staff of a rural mental health center developed a self-administered intake inventory to gather information more relevant to the available treatment alternatives. The new format sought to provide information relevant to marital and family, as well as individual, psychotherapy. An evaluation of the effects of the new format showed that it altered the percentages of clients in the various treatments, while heightened staff awareness of differential treatment did not. The results also suggested that, except for part-time psychiatrists, there was no association between the individual doing treatment and the intervention offered. This result was interpreted as being important in a rural setting where staff members must be generalists rather than specialists. PMID- 6681272 TI - Crisis telephone counselors' views of clinical interaction situations. AB - A survey was conducted to determine the degree of frequency and degree of comfort that paraprofessional telephone crisis counselors experience in a variety of clinical interaction situations. An inventory of 100 separate clinical interactions was completed by a sample of crisis counselors. Results indicate that 32 of the 100 situations received ratings suggestive of high levels scene calls, client anger towards the counselor, client expression of positive affect towards the counselor, client resistance, physical and sexual abuse, and anger towards others. Implications of these data for planning future training, supervision and in-service training activities are discussed. PMID- 6681271 TI - Attitudes in the development of public sector clinicians. AB - Attitudes have been a neglected variable in the development of public sector clinicians. Clinicians of differing disciplines may commonly possess attitudes which would affect their role in the public sector. The Houston Consortium assessed some of these attitudes in their students and faculty. The results may have heuristic implications for improving mental health care. PMID- 6681273 TI - The crisis of rape: a community response. AB - While rape has consistently been viewed as both a personal and familial crisis, there is little evidence that its impact on the community at large has been addressed. The authors describe a program incorporating mental health education and crisis intervention strategies developed in response to a community's reaction to several sexual assaults of children. Program design and implications for replication are also discussed. PMID- 6681274 TI - Nutrition for a new nation. The FAO initiative for Namibia. PMID- 6681275 TI - Agricultural production and food consumption: some neglected linkages. PMID- 6681277 TI - Some personal views on nutrition in rural development. PMID- 6681276 TI - The practical application of food safety criteria in developing countries. PMID- 6681278 TI - Economic consequences of contaminated food in trade. PMID- 6681280 TI - Export crop production and malnutrition. PMID- 6681279 TI - Socio-cultural practices affecting the safety of food. PMID- 6681281 TI - [Endocrine participation of the blastocyst during its implantation]. PMID- 6681282 TI - [Postpartum uterine inertia. Analysis of 50 cases]. PMID- 6681283 TI - [Use of butorphanol tartrate as an analgesic in salpingoclasia with local anesthesia]. PMID- 6681284 TI - [Menstrual blood loss in users of Cu 7 and TCu 220C intrauterine devices]. PMID- 6681285 TI - [Radical hysterectomy in the treatment of uterine cervix cancer recurring after irradiation]. PMID- 6681286 TI - [Tumors of the ovary]. PMID- 6681287 TI - [How to identify and distinguish the adverse reactions caused by local anesthetics]. PMID- 6681288 TI - [Electrocardiographic features in pregnancy at term and postpartum. Correlation with serum lipids]. PMID- 6681289 TI - [Progressive respiratory insufficiency in the adult associated with eclampsia. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6681290 TI - [Use of vasodilators in the management of severe pre-eclampsia. 1. Diazoxide]. PMID- 6681291 TI - [Primary chondroma of the ovary. Report of a case]. PMID- 6681293 TI - [Malignant epithelial neoplasms of the ovary. Analysis of 242 cases]. PMID- 6681292 TI - [Endocrine problems of the climacteric and menopause]. PMID- 6681294 TI - [Making the decision for female sterilization]. PMID- 6681295 TI - [Measurement of radioimmunoassay of urinary estriol during pregnancy]. PMID- 6681296 TI - [Pregnancy in the adolescent]. PMID- 6681297 TI - [Pregnancy in patients with a diagnosis of previous sterility]. PMID- 6681298 TI - [The ovarian factor in conjugal sterility]. PMID- 6681300 TI - [Eventration in gynecologic and obstetric surgery]. PMID- 6681299 TI - [Use and effectiveness of norethisterone enanthate for family planning in a rural area]. PMID- 6681301 TI - [Treatment of essential dysmenorrhea with a coronary vasodilator]. PMID- 6681302 TI - [The non-stress test. A test without stimulus for determining fetal well-being]. PMID- 6681303 TI - [Psychoprophylactic childbirth versus traditional obstetric care]. PMID- 6681304 TI - [Symptomatology of endometriosis. Study of 224 cases]. PMID- 6681305 TI - [Microbial flora in septic abortion]. PMID- 6681306 TI - [Post-tubal-ligation syndrome]. PMID- 6681307 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia. Report of a case]. PMID- 6681308 TI - [Ovarian polycystosis associated with malformations of the uterus, vagina, and tubal obstruction. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6681309 TI - [The Monterrey IUD. A retrospective view]. PMID- 6681310 TI - [Anatomo-clinical correlation of ovarian tumors]. PMID- 6681311 TI - [Malignant germ cell neoplasms of the ovary. Experience with 40 cases]. PMID- 6681312 TI - [Radioimmunoanalysis of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the normal fetus at term]. PMID- 6681313 TI - [Intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix. Role of colposcopy in diagnosis]. PMID- 6681314 TI - [Asymptomatic invasive amebiasis in pregnant women]. PMID- 6681315 TI - [Obstetrical hysterectomy in Gyneco-Obstetrical Hospital 3A of the Mexican Institute of Social Security. Anatomo-clinical correlation]. PMID- 6681316 TI - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the vulva. Experience with 43 cases]. PMID- 6681317 TI - [Hyperthyroidism and pregnancy]. PMID- 6681318 TI - [Preoperative evaluation in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 6681319 TI - Abnormal regulation of inflammatory skin responses in male patients with chronic granulomatous disease. AB - A common characteristic of the response to infection seen in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an exaggerated and prolonged inflammatory response with frequent development of draining lymph nodes and granuloma formation. Recent reports of several CGD patients with minor but significant in vitro abnormalities of cellular and humoral components of neutrophil chemotactic responses would predict lessened responses to inflammatory stimuli. The following studies were, therefore, performed to assess in vivo inflammatory responses in patients with CGD. Twenty-four-hour Rebuck skin-window procedures were performed on eight patients (five male and three female) with CGD and on ten volunteers. The windows were changed 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, and 24 h after the abrasion. Quantitation of the skin windows was performed with the assistance of a microscope-image analyzer computer facility. Neutrophil accumulation into skin windows was normal in CGD patients throughout the first 5 h. However, during the 8- to 24-h period, when neutrophils characteristically disappear from normal inflammatory responses and are replaced by monocytes, there was abnormal persistence of PMN at the inflammatory foci in male but not in female CGD patients (P less than 0.05 for the comparison of the rates of decline of PMN, from hour 8 to hour 24, in five male CGDs and in 10 normals). Monocyte recruitment was normal. In one CGD male, the abnormal skin-window response was normalized while he was receiving white cell transfusions. The data indicate that there is an abnormal "turn off" of the acute inflammatory response in male CGD patients and support a modulatory role for products of oxidative metabolism on the inflammatory response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6681320 TI - Effect of guanosine nucleotides on the respiratory burst oxidase from human neutrophils. AB - The respiratory burst is a series of metabolic events which result in the production of microbicidal oxidants by phagocytes. The enzyme responsible for the respiratory burst is a membrane-bound oxidase which catalyzes the production of O 2 by the NADPH-dependent reduction of oxygen. Activity of this oxidase is diminished by a variety of guanosine-containing nucleotides. The decrease in activity caused by GTP, the most potent of these, occurs rapidly and is not solely dependent on hydrolysis of terminal phosphate groups. GTP appears to diminish oxidase activity through both inhibition and inactivation. GTP-mediated inhibition is kinetically mixed with respect to NADPH. PMID- 6681321 TI - Lipoprotein metabolism in the extravascular space. Cyclophosphamide inhibits modification of low-density lipoproteins in interstitial inflammatory fluid of the rabbit. AB - We have recently reported preferential modification and reduction in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) of inflammatory exudates in the rabbit. In an attempt to establish the role of inflammatory cells in these specific alterations, using the sponge-implanted rabbit model we characterized extravascular lipoproteins in animals with severely induced leukopenia. Under these conditions we were unable to demonstrate alterations in the distribution of lipoproteins in inflammatory fluid as compared to homologous plasma. Characterization of LDL from both plasma and inflammatory fluids revealed close similarity in molecular composition and electrophoretic mobility. These studies further implicate the role of scavenger cell systems as a significant component of daily lipoprotein homeostasis. PMID- 6681322 TI - Histamine H-1 binding site on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) infiltrate the sites of allergic reactions and may respond to histamine, one of the major mediators of allergy. In order to characterize histamine interactions with PMN, the binding of [3H]pyrilamine was studied. Human PMNs bind [3H]pyrilamine in a specific, saturable, and reversible fashion and demonstrate specificity (H-1 antagonists greater than histamine greater than H-2 antagonists) for the competitive binding agents studied. Human PMNs have a homogeneous population of H-1 receptors of moderate affinity (Kd = 52 nM) in large number (265 X 10(3)/cell) which do not demonstrate cooperativity. Thus PMNs attracted to sites of allergic inflammation have H-1 binding sites which may respond to histamine stimulation. PMID- 6681323 TI - Heterologous receptor population for a chemotactic factor F-Met-Leu-Phe on the human neutrophil. Effect of pH and temperature. AB - Association kinetics of a chemotactic factor [3H]FMLP to its specific receptors on human neutrophils and the modulation of kinetic constants by pH and temperature were studied. The half-time for [3H]FMLP association to its specific receptors as calculated by a least-square fit equation was 27 min at 4 degrees C, 13 min at 24 degrees C, and 5 min at 37 degrees C. The Scatchard plot of [3H]FMLP binding to its specific receptors was found to be nonlinear, suggesting a heterogeneity of [3H]FMLP receptors and/or functional negative cooperativity. The computer analysis of the data showed two populations of FMLP receptors on human neutrophils with Kd (dissociation constant) values of 0.17 +/- SD 0.1 nM and 0.94 +/- SD 0.1 nM at 4 degrees C, and 0.17 +/- SD 0.02 nM and 1.1 +/- SD 0.2 nM at 37 degrees C. The optimum [3H]FMLP binding at 37 degrees C was observed at pH 7.5. There was essentially no difference in Kd values at pH 6.0, 7.5, or 8.5. Our results suggest the presence of two populations of [3H]FMLP receptors on human neutrophils in support of previous observations of other investigators. Our data also demonstrate that association constants between [3H]FMLP and its specific receptors on human neutrophils are not affected by changes in pH or temperature; maximal binding, however, is dependent on pH. PMID- 6681324 TI - Some parameters affecting Bekesy audiometric thresholds. AB - Bekesy automatic audiometric findings may be affected by various factors such as contralateral masking, starting frequency, starting level, exposure to stimulating sound and different stages of some disease entity. These findings are seen mostly on steady-tone tracings as revealed by peak-to-peak amplitude reductions and threshold drifts. This paper is concerned with automatic audiometry parameters which have been little known or ignored by many investigators. Detailed audiometric case histories from 6 patients with a variety of unilateral sensorineural hearing impairments showed, e.g., that contralateral masking in the normal ear can produce striking effects on tracings to steady state tones in the affected ear. Various starting frequencies produced marked effects on separation between pulsed-and steady-tone tracings if hearing was tested starting at suprathreshold levels. A patient diagnosed as having an early endolymphatic hydrops retested within 1 hr following an episodic attack displayed varieties of findings. The automatic audiometric method demonstrates the interrelation of level and adaptation. PMID- 6681325 TI - Comparison of occupational hearing losses among military engineers and their civilian counterparts. AB - A previous study (Chandler and Fletcher, J. Aud. Res., 1983, 23, 23-32) examined group hearing loss of 209 U.S. Army engineers by comparing current with reference audiograms. The sample was categorized by military occupation specialty, age, and time on job. The present study reports comparable data for 187 civilian engineers on the same Army post exposed to essentially the same noise. These had less hearing loss than their military counterparts. Some reasons are suggested, such as attrition of the civilian workforce because of hearing problems, and a likely greater exposure of the military engineers to noises not job-related. Age was less important than time on the job. Both groups, however, exhibited significantly lower hearing levels than the industrial population of Glorig et al (Am. Acad. Ophthalmol. Otolaryngol., 1957) at the 1954 Wisconsin State Fair, possibly because both military and civilian personnel at this Army post had been for some years in an aggressive hearing conservation program. PMID- 6681326 TI - Turtle shells as an auditory receptor. AB - Evoked responses were obtained from the brainstem of seven box turtles (T. carolina) using air conducted stimuli and also vibratory stimuli applied directly to the carapace. Both stimuli elicited similar neural electrical responses that differed chiefly in sensitivity. The vibratory responses were lower in threshold and higher in amplitude than responses to air conducted clicks. Further, simultaneous masking of vibratory clicks by air conducted noise had negligible effects, whereas vibratory masking completely suppressed the responses to airborne sound, suggesting that the turtle ear is differentially sensitive to sound and vibration. Spinal blocking of somatic pathways had negligible effects on the vibratory-evoked responses, suggesting that the latter originate in the auditory system and are stimulated by bone conduction. PMID- 6681327 TI - Air-bone gap distributions in normal-hearing subjects. AB - Unmasked (UM) and masked (M) AC and BC thresholds were obtained on 48 normal hearing young adults. The UMAC and MBC thresholds were in agreement with standardized reference levels. The mean air-bone gaps (A-B G's) were less than 1 db for the three comparisons (UMAC minus UMBC; UMAC minus MBC; MAC minus MBC). The distribution of the individual Ss' A-B G's for each AC minus BC threshold comparison resembled a slightly flattened normal curve showing that some Ss had a positive while some had a negative A-B G. Over the 3 comparisons per S, 34% of the Ss exhibited negligible A-B G's of +/- 2.5 db, while 17.4% exhibited A-B G's greater than or equal to 7.5 db. The common rule that Ss with a normal conductive hearing mechanism have an A-B G of 0 db can only be used for mean data and not be applied to individual Ss tested in clinical practice or used for subjective BC calibration. PMID- 6681328 TI - Temporal summation in normally and abnormally hearing chinchillas. AB - Young adult monauralized chinchillas (N:5) were conditioned to cross a barrier in response to 7 pure tones from .5-4 kc/s. Tone bursts were either 20- or 500-msec long. Individual S's yielded threshold data for the longer duration comparable to published norms. Group mn difference between thresholds at 20- vs 500-msec durations [i.e., temporal summation (TS)] was 7 db, or 4.7 db less than TS reported for normal chinchillas reported by Wall et al (J. Aud. Res., 1981, 21, 29-37) and others. One S yielded no TS. After exposure for 4 hrs to a 2-kc/s tone at 120 db SPL, group mn thresholds for the 20-msec tones were only 1 db poorer than those for 500-msec tones (i.e., negligible TS). TS is clearly altered in noise-induced hearing loss. PMID- 6681329 TI - [Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome. Case report]. AB - Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome is characterized by diplegia involving the face, the pharynx, the tongue and the masticatory muscles, with automatic-voluntary dissociation due to vascular damage of both operculi. The prognosis is usually good for life expectancy. The authors describe a 46-year-old man in whom one operculum was destroyed because of a birth trauma, the other one was injured by an ischemic infarct in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. The clinical correlations to the site of the lesions are discussed. They confirm the diagnostic value of CT scan in evaluating this syndrome. PMID- 6681330 TI - [Permanent amnesia as a result of a bilateral lesion of the hippocampus: description of a clinical case]. AB - A case of permanent global amnesia resulting from a bilateral hippocampal lesion is reported, remarkable for its typical clinical picture and prolonged period of observation with repeated neuropsychological testing. No tendency toward spontaneous recovery was noted, even though extra-mnesic cognitive functions remained undamaged. No differences were observed between this amnesic syndrome and the neuropsychological picture during an acute episode of transient global amnesia. PMID- 6681331 TI - [Family with progressive myelopathic muscular atrophy with proximal distribution and onset in adulthood]. AB - The Authors present two brothers suffering from proximal progressive muscular atrophy arising in adulthood and describe its clinical, bioptic and electromyographic characteristics. Electromyographic and bioptic examinations demonstrate the neurogenic nature of the amyotrophy and localize the causal lesion at the level of the anterior horns of the spinal medulla. With regard to the differential diagnosis, the nosographic position of the disorder in question is described, and the hypothesis advanced that it may represents the late onset variety of Wohlfart-Kugelberg-Welander disease. PMID- 6681333 TI - Evidence of increasing natural fertility in Taiwan. PMID- 6681332 TI - [Licorice-induced myopathy. Report of a new case]. AB - A 64 year-old man, who had been ingesting 20 g of licorice daily for about five months, developed a progressive, diffuse muscle weakness, with myoglobinuria, severe hypokalemia and elevated serum muscle enzymes. Electromyography and muscle biopsy results were consistent with a necrotizing myopathy. Following licorice withdrawal and appropriate electrolyte administration, complete clinical recovery was observed within about ten days. Previous reports of similar cases are reviewed and causative factors of this kind of myopathy are discussed. PMID- 6681335 TI - Religion and intensity of inbreeding in Tamil Nadu, South India. PMID- 6681334 TI - Age, period, and cohort effects on maternal mortality: a linear logit model. PMID- 6681336 TI - Tracing the brain drain with reprint requests. PMID- 6681337 TI - Tumor resistance. Proceedings of an international symposium. Holte, Denmark, September 13-14, 1980. PMID- 6681338 TI - Review: gastric carcinoma in Japan. AB - Gastric carcinomas in Japan remain one of the major problems in clinical medicine. Diagnosis and treatment of increasing "early carcinomas" should be emphasized. A review of chronological studies of gastric carcinomas has shown several changes in the clinicopathological aspects of gastric carcinomas over the last few decades. PMID- 6681339 TI - Genetic control of in vitro NK-activity and in vivo resistance to tumors. AB - Natural Killer (NK) cells are lymphocyte like cells which lack conventional B- and T-cell characteristics, and have the ability to rapidly kill certain tumor cells in vitro. Analysis of the genetic control of NK-activity in mice have provided several models to test the in vivo role of NK-cells in defence against neoplasia. Studies of certain F1-hybrid and backcross combinations have revealed a correlation between H-2 linked in vivo resistance and in vitro NK-activity against semisyngeneic transplantable tumors. The beige (bg) mutation in C57B1 mice causes a partial impairment of NK-activity, and can therefore serve to evaluate whether NK-cells can contribute to resistance against syngeneic tumors in the normal intact host. We have recently studied natural resistance against the ascitic lines of one chemically and two virally induced syngeneic leukemias in C57B1.bg/bg mice and their phenotypically normal heterozygous littermates. S.c. threshold inocula of all three leukemia lines grew faster and caused death earlier in bg/bg than in +/bg mice, and two of the lines were rejected completely at a significantly higher frequency in +/bg control animals. The +/bg mice also eliminated 125I-IdUrd-labelled leukemia cells at a faster rate than bg/bg mice, as measured by pulmonary, hepatic and splenic radioactivity retained 14-30 h after i.v. injection. The bg mutation was also possible to study in T-cell free mice, by combining it with the nu mutation on a C57B1 background. The NK-activity of such beige-nude mice was found to be partially impaired compared to nude (non beige) or wild type animals, but higher than that of beige (non-nude) mice. Our results suggest that NK-cells may be responsible for elimination of small numbers of tumor cells in the intact syngeneic host. The further use of beige and beige nude mice in studies of transplanted and primary, autochthonous tumors will be discussed. PMID- 6681340 TI - The NK function elucidated with respect to effector cells, target cells and other immunological in vitro tests. AB - The microcytotoxicity assay and the leukocyte migration inhibition test were unable to reveal any specific reactivity in patients suffering from localized skin melanoma. The non-specific reactivity measured by the microcytotoxicity assay, the so-called NK activity was found to be associated to the cells bearing Fc receptors, irrespective of T and non-T identity. Further more the NK activity depends on the target cell used (established cell lines versus short-term cultures) and the lymphocyte/target cell ratio. The NK activity measured by microcytotoxicity assay and the leucocyte migration inhibition test were compared by simultaneous implementation of the two test systems. No correlation between significant leucocyte migration inhibition and NK activity was found. In a tumor neutralization test workout in a nude mouse model, it was found that patient lymphocytes decreased the number of tumor takes and increase the latency period. However, the specificity of these reactions were uncertain. PMID- 6681341 TI - Tumor regression in tumor-bearing mice by inoculations of immunogenic somatic hybrid cells in combination with cyclophosphamide. AB - Some somatic hybrid cells prepared by cell fusion of MC-induced primary tumor cells with 8-azaguanine resistant L cells were immunogenic in the induction of specific resistance in syngeneic normal mice to the challenge of parental tumor cells. However, inoculations of immunogenic hybrid cells in tumor-bearing hosts evoked enhancement of tumor growth. In these mice with enhanced tumors, the level of immune complexes and antitumor antibodies in sera was more markedly elevated than in sera of untreated tumor-bearers, despite generation of effective cytotoxic T cells in the spleen. Enhancement was not observed by pretreatment with cyclophosphamide (CY), followed by treatment with hybrid cells, but tumor regression occurred. Complete tumor regression was observed in about 70% of animals treated with CY (100 mg/kg) plus viable hybrid cells (10(6)) three times at weekly intervals starting 1 week after tumor transplantation. Coincidental decreases of immune complexes and antitumor antibodies in sera were observed. The results suggest that suppression of the immunological escape mechanism is of primary importance in active tumor-specific immunotherapy. PMID- 6681342 TI - Role of natural killer cells against tumor growth in nude mice--a brief review. AB - To determine the in vivo function of natural killer (NK) cells against tumor development, we used nude mice deprived of NK activity by injection of anti asialo GM1. We present here the enhancement of transplanted tumor growth in such mice and discuss the role of NK cells in the tumor-host system based on our recent studies. PMID- 6681343 TI - Growth rate of a human carcinoma in nude mice with different genetic backgrounds. AB - Strain dependent growth of a human carcinoma was observed in nude mice with different genetic backgrounds. Rapid growth of the human gastric carcinoma was seen in CBA/N-nu, NFS/N-nu, and NIH(s)-nu. The human carcinoma in NIH(s)-nu showed the widest deviation in tumor weight. Natural killer activity of spleen cells from nude mice with different genetic backgrounds was not necessarily correlated with in vivo tumor growth. These data suggest that there are complex regulatory mechanisms in the antitumor system. PMID- 6681344 TI - Immunological reconstitution of nude mice transplanted with human malignant tumours. AB - The effects of neonatal murine thymus grafts implanted in nude mice previously transplanted with three different human malignant tumours were studied. Reconstitution resulted in tumour rejection, which started 2-3 weeks after thymus implantation and was complete after 3-6 weeks. The rejection process showed a characteristic histologic picture with 3 phases, an early, an intermediate, and a late phase, which were similar in the 3 tumour types examined. Histological examination of lymphoid tissues of successfully thymus grafted mice showed reconstitution of varying degrees. Numbers of plaque forming cells (PFC) of the spleen of tumour transplanted, thymus grafted mice were equal to or higher than the numbers of PFC in normal BALB/c controls. Mice, thymus grafted only always showed intermediate PFC-values. Responses to the T-cell mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA) were only partially reconstituted, whether the nude mice were tumour transplanted or not. In addition tumour rejection in tumour bearing nude mice treated with T-cells only, was studied. The rejection process was similar to that observed when a whole thymus gland was implanted. Finally, implantation of embryonic bovine thymus grafts was performed in tumour transplanted nude mice. When these grafts were accepted, tumours were also rejected. Possible mechanisms of reconstitution and the reasons for the varying results are discussed. PMID- 6681345 TI - Immunological surveillance revisited. PMID- 6681346 TI - [14th Tunisian Medical Seminar. 15-16 October 1983, Tunis. Abstracts]. PMID- 6681347 TI - IV.2.a General remarks and aspects of the GC of volatile nitrosamines. PMID- 6681348 TI - IV.5.d GC-MS and GC-TEA methods for the identification and quantification of N nitroso-3-hydroxypyrrolidine. PMID- 6681350 TI - [Acupuncture and dentistry]. PMID- 6681349 TI - [Corrected transposition of the great vessels associated with severe pulmonary stenosis in a 59-year-old man]. AB - The case of a 59-year-old man with corrected transposition of the great arteries (CTGA) is reported. This anomaly is rare in adult patients, uncommon in patients over 50. Most of the cases with CTGA are diagnosed in childhood because of associated cardiac abnormalities. When isolated or complicated by other mild anomalies, CTGA can cause no symptoms until adult life or can even go unrecognized. However, most of these patients present with congestive heart failure when they are 40 or 50 years old. Our patient was admitted to the hospital because of heart failure. Cardiac catheterization and selective angiography demonstrated a CTGA associated with severe pulmonary valve stenosis. The case here reported shows that CTGA even when associated with other cardiac abnormalities, can be a relatively benign lesion, and can be revealed in adult life by signs of cardiac failure. PMID- 6681351 TI - [Epidemiological study of alcoholism in Ecuador using the Munich Alcoholism Test (MALT)]. PMID- 6681352 TI - Raster display using an electronic circuit (stepper), technical note. PMID- 6681353 TI - [XXVI National Congress of Physiological Sciences. 17-21 July 1983, Colima, Col. Abstracts]. PMID- 6681354 TI - Psychophysiological evaluation of candidates to work at sea. AB - With appliance of clinical psychiatric examination, the examination of the reactivity of vegetative system and the psychological examination--the occurrence of neuroses and neurotic syndromes was evaluated in candidates to work in Polish Merchant Marine. About 7% of neuroses and neurotic syndromes were noted in this group. An analysis was carried out with consideration of the school graduated, of the military service completed and of the section in which the candidate wants to be employed. No differences were found in the whole group in comparison with the graduates of maritime schools, as well as no differences were noted between the candidates to individual sections. Less disturbances were ascertained among the reservists of the Navy. PMID- 6681355 TI - The system of medical fitness examinations for seamen in the German Democratic Republic. AB - The presented report describes the system of medical fitness examinations used for all employees of the GDR's transport system, and therefore also for the seafarers serving in the merchant, fishing and technical fleets, since 1979. The novelty in these tests is that, owing to classification of working places and jobs, the requirements and work loads associated with the working places and jobs can be combined with the health and fitness of the seamen so that his fitness for a particular job can be ascertained. PMID- 6681356 TI - Normative and organizational improvement of commissions for professional selection of seamen. AB - A comparative study was performed on the present organizational forms and methods of work adopted by the seamen's selection commissions from various parts of the U.S.S.R. A high correlation was stated between the number of seamen's visits to the doctor during a voyage and the forms of organizational as well as the volume of work done by the selection commissions. And thus with the recruitment of seamen by a professional commission of medical specialists, the appropriate number of medical consultations per 1 crewmen during the voyage was on average 2.1; with the recruitment of seamen by general practitioners, usually employed in the dispensary--the figure for the voyage was 6. The photochronometric observations of the performance of the medical staff employed in the seamen's clinic indicated that the optimum composition of a medical recruiting commission should correspond to the ratio of 4.5 doctors per 10,000 examined seamen. PMID- 6681357 TI - Psycho-physiological examinations of seamen during a voyage on a Mediterranean line. AB - During a voyage to the countries of the Mediterranean there were performed medical and psycho-physiological examinations of the whole crew of a ship--at the beginning and towards the end of the voyage. The researchers availed themselves of routine medical methods of examination, examination of the reactivity of the vegetative system and psychological tests. In most of the cases no significant changes were found in the parameters under scrutiny--towards the end of a 60-day voyage. A voyage of that duration and shipping made on this route did not affect the psycho-physiological efficiency of the crew. PMID- 6681358 TI - Evaluation of the state of the circulatory system in the officers of the Polish Ocean Lines. III. A physical analysis of circulation. AB - The results of the physical analysis of circulation presented in this report are a further fragment of our research on the state of the circulatory system in the merchant marine officers over 40. 307 men were selected at random for the examinations, this constituting 13.5 per cent of the total population of the officers employed by the shipowner. Altogether the examinations covered 118 deck officers, 152 engine-room officers and 37 officers of the catering department. The parameters of the physical analysis of circulation were calculated according to Broemser-Ranke. The mean value of pulse wave velocity at the aorta was 833.63 +/- 155.41 cm/sec and in the radial artery--891.93 +/- 124.91 cm/sec for the whole examined population. The mean deformation resistance for all the examined was 1349.02 +/- 248.68 dyne/cm and the circumferential resistance--1347.55 +/- 347.89 sec. dyne/cm3. The mean systolic discharge for all the examined was 82.68 +/- 18.66 ml and the minute stroke volume 6.64 +/- 1.92 l/min. The mean work of the heart 1.20 +/- 0.38 J, the heart's power--1.60 +/- 0.59 W. The velocity of the discharge from the left ventricle was on average 17.66 +/- 3.44 l/min. For those parameters no statistically significant differences were found between particular groups of employment aboard. However, statistically significant differences were discovered in the calculations of the pulse wave velocity at the aorta. The differences were noticed between the group of clinically healthy men (771.52 +/- 114.71 cm/sec) on the one hand and the overweight group (854.39 +/- 116.34 cm/sec), the obese group (900.13 +/- 155.08 cm/sec), the group with ECG changes (925.01 +/- 193.24 cm/sec), the group with systolic and diastolic hypertension (acc to WHO criteria) (997.16 +/- 177.82 cm/sec), and in the group with hypertension accompanied by systolic discharge murmurs above the aorta (1113.38 +/- 127.24 cm/sec)--on the other. The pathological pulse wave velocity in the aorta (i.e. velocity of at least 9 m/sec) was found in 22.47% of the whole examined population. PMID- 6681359 TI - Modern aspects of hygienic standardization of ship noise. AB - The basic aims of hygienic standardization of the long-term round-the-clock action of ship noise on the sailors include protection of health, prolonged professional activity, prevention of interference and provision of comfort conditions of rest. Neuro-emotional stress in the work of sailors aboard a ship has been another reason for starting the ship noise standardization. As a result of long-term hygienic, clinical, physiological, experimental and natural studies, there were established the hygienic significance of noise and vibration parameters, a combined increased effect of noise and work strain, as well as that of pitching and rolling, and also the potent combined effect of vibration and noise. During a 3-month voyage the cumulative effect of noise was identified and the physiological significance of acoustic comfort of post-watch rest was ascertained. The relation of sailors' health to ship acoustic conditions was determined. The obtained results served as a scientific motivation for a number of Soviet legislative documents. Unification of physiological and hygienic criteria and methods of assessment of noise and vibration effects meets the interests of protection of seamen's health in CMEA countries. PMID- 6681360 TI - A method of measuring the conduction velocity of action potentials in a statically loaded muscle. AB - Basic ideas underlying a method and construction of an instrument for measuring the conduction velocity of action potentials in a statically loaded muscle are described. Periodical fadings in the power spectrum density of the EMG signal and the dependence of the position of these fadings on the conduction velocity of action potentials in a muscle are used. Usefulness of the described method and measuring instrument is discussed with respect to their application for evaluating localized muscle fatigue. PMID- 6681361 TI - An analysis of mooring accidents on the Polish Ocean Lines ships in 1975-80. Preventive recommendations. AB - The aim of the presented research was: 1. to analyse the causes and effects of accidents that occurred on the Polish Ocean Lines ships in 1975-1980 at mooring manoeuvres. 2. Issuing certain prophylactic recommendations. The material of the research was information contained in the 95 accident record cards and in other post-accident documents such as rulings of the Marine Chamber, situational sketches of the place of accident and determination of circumstances and causes of accidents. The obtained data showed, among others, that c. 81 per cent of the mooring accidents occurred at the bow manoeuvre station and 19 per cent--at the stern manoeuvre station. The most frequent cause of injures which appeared in mooring accidents (23.3 per cent) was hitting by the mooring line as result of "bouncing" on the mooring winch head. The most frequent injury was that of lower extremities (32.6 per cent) and upper extremities (30.5 per cent) and the most widespread injuries in those accidents were--contusion (43.16 per cent) and fracture (29.48 per cent of accidents. The analysis of the material allows to state that a smaller risk of accidents occurring at mooring may be achieved through the introduction of some prophylactic recommendations both in the sphere of organisation and technology. PMID- 6681362 TI - The level of some serum proteins and lymphocyte count in persons exposed to the action of lead during work. Report I. AB - 80 persons, aged 22 to 62, were examined clinically. Tests were made to determine the levels of total protein, immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA, leukocytes and lymphocytes. The group included 20 persons exposed to the action of lead for a number of years, with biochemical traits of lead poisoning, 30 persons exposed to the action of lead but with no biochemical traits of lead poisoning, and 30 healthy persons not exposed to the action of lead during work. The levels of serum immunoglobulins G and M and lymphocyte count were reduced in the first group compared with the remaining two groups. The differences were statistically significant. According to the author, the process described indicates a suppressive lead action on the immunological response of the body. Besides other components of the immunological system, B and T lymphocyte are probably involved in the process. PMID- 6681363 TI - Acute silver poisoning through inhalation. AB - The paper presented a case of acute occupational poisoning with silver vapours. The course of the ailment was very serious. The clinical picture corresponded to the syndrome of the "shock lung"--with extreme respiratory insufficiency. The treatment included administration of steroids, heparin, antibiotics and controlled respiration with a positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP). The patient was completely cured and fully regained physical fitness. Our observation seems to shake the hitherto predominant view of non-toxicity of metallic silver or its vapours. PMID- 6681364 TI - Laboratory investigations on the effect of selected disinfectants on survival of the cockroaches Blattella germanica (L.). AB - It was ascertained that lysol 2% and 5% showed the most toxic effect in control of cockroaches in the contact method (23.3% and 95.5% mortality after 24 hours of exposure), and that chloramine 1%, 3% and 5% was the most effective food poison (after 19 days exposure 100% of the insects died). When injecting disinfectant into the body cavity, the cockroaches showed a ten times higher sensibility to formalin and chloramine than to lysol. The use, however, of disinfectant in the contact method (particularly lysol 2%) together with an insecticide based on propoxur, allowed to reduce its dose to a half, what gave better results than the use of an insecticide alone in a normal dose. PMID- 6681365 TI - Seasickness treatment with cinnarizine. AB - The investigations on the therapeutic effect of cinnarizine in 112 passengers of a ship complaining of seasickness was carried out. In 5 cases no improvement was found, and 7 results were questionable. The results obtained in the group cured with cinnarizine compared with those in the group where Aviomarin and placebo were administered show great efficacy of cinnarizine. It seems that the therapy with this medicine could be recommended. PMID- 6681367 TI - Transplants of olfactory mucosa in the anterior chamber of the eye: morphology, electrophysiology and biochemistry. AB - The olfactory mucosa from neonatal rats was transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye. By 6-8 weeks after transplantation, morphological analysis showed the presence of olfactory sensory neurons in the grafts. The summated receptor potentials evoked by n-amyl acetate and camphor had the peak amplitude of about three times less and the duration of response of about 8-10 times more than those from normal olfactory epithelium. 6 h after beta-[3H]-alanine administration into the anterior chamber, more than 70% of the radioactivity was present in the carnosine fraction. This indicates that carnosine synthetase is present in the grafts. The presented data suggest that the grafts contain mature olfactory sensory neurons. PMID- 6681368 TI - [Cytogenetic evaluation in primary amenorrhea with a clinical presumption of sex chromosome abnormality]. PMID- 6681366 TI - A cell surface protein of astrocytes, Ran-2, distinguishes non-myelin-forming Schwann cells from myelin-forming Schwann cells. AB - Defining the molecular phenotype of adult glial cells in the peripheral nervous system in situ forms a good basis for subsequent studies on the development of these cells, and for determining the role of neurons in the attainment and maintenance of the mature glial phenotype. We report here the characterization of the glial surface antigen, Ran-2, and describe its distribution in the peripheral and central nervous system of adult rats. Immunoprecipitation of the antigen from cultured astrocytes with monoclonal Ran-2, antibodies, showed that Ran-2 is a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 140,000 daltons. In immunofluorescence studies of teased nerve preparations, Ran-2 was found on the surface of non-myelin-forming Schwann cells in all nerves surveyed, i.e. the sciatic, dorsal and ventral roots, cervical sympathetic trunk and the brachial plexus. In contrast, it was not detected immunohistochemically on myelin-forming Schwann cells. The antigen was also absent, or present at very low levels, on the satellite cells of dorsal root sensory ganglia, although, as we reported previously, it was present on the glial cells of the enteric nervous system. The Ran-2 antigen was also associated with perineurial cells. In short-term cell cultures of the sciatic nerve and cervical sympathetic trunk from 19-day-old rats, Ran-2 could be localized on the surface of individual viable Schwann cells. In the central nervous system, the antigen was present on astrocytes in sections of the optic nerve. PMID- 6681369 TI - [Uterine myomatosis. Clinical and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6681370 TI - [The trichomonacidal, fungicidal and bactericidal effects of metacresol sulfonic acid polymer with methanal in cervico-vaginitis]. PMID- 6681371 TI - [Cesarean section in the Gynecology-Obstetrics Hospital 3a of the Mexican Institute of Social Security]. PMID- 6681373 TI - [T-post-partum, an intrauterine contraceptive for the immediate puerperium]. PMID- 6681372 TI - [Histofunctional study of cultured cells from human ovaries]. PMID- 6681374 TI - [Giant cyst of the ovary. Report of a case]. PMID- 6681375 TI - [Two years experience in a pediatric intensive care unit]. PMID- 6681376 TI - [Cholecystostomy in the treatment of inflammatory biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 6681377 TI - [Frozen section in breast tumors]. PMID- 6681378 TI - [Neurological presenting symptoms in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6681379 TI - [Termination of anencephalic pregnancies]. PMID- 6681380 TI - [Treatment of nocturnal myoclonus]. PMID- 6681381 TI - [Praziquantel in the treatment of schistosomiasis]. PMID- 6681383 TI - [Unusual manifestations of Campylobacter infections]. PMID- 6681382 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of tendons in hemodialysis patients]. PMID- 6681384 TI - [Toxic methemoglobinemia--due to acute aniline-bromide poisoning]. PMID- 6681385 TI - [Advances in antiarrhythmic drug therapy]. PMID- 6681386 TI - [Electrical injuries: complications and treatment]. PMID- 6681387 TI - [The non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 6681388 TI - [Preparation of residents in surgical specialties for board examinations]. PMID- 6681390 TI - [Psychosurgery: its place in the past and in the present]. PMID- 6681389 TI - [HLA and affective disorders]. PMID- 6681391 TI - [Prognostic factors and new drugs in acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6681392 TI - [The electrically evoked blink reflex and its clinical significance]. PMID- 6681393 TI - 2nd International symposium of the Society of Toxicologic Pathologists. Design of carcinogenicity studies: considerations in pathology interpretation. May 9-11, 1983, Arlington, Virginia. PMID- 6681394 TI - Design of carcinogenicity studies: a backward glance. AB - Despite extensive research carried out over many years, a completely satisfactory method of testing drugs and chemicals for carcinogenicity continues to elude toxicologists. In the past, numerous scientific groups, regulatory agencies, and regional bodies have discussed and published specific recommendations and guidelines regarding the testing requirements for carcinogenicity studies. The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act became law in 1938, but it was not until after the Second World War that serious concerns regarding chemicals became prevalent. Testing guidelines were nonexistent until 1949 when the FDA published "Procedures for the Appraisal of the Toxicity of Chemicals in Foods." This key publication was the forerunner of the famous "Gray Book" (1959) in which were outlined many of the specific carcinogenicity testing procedures still used today. Guidelines and regulations became the watchwords during the 60's and 1970's. Formation of the EPA, more stringent testing requirements, Toxic Substances legislation, and Environmental Control Acts followed one another in short order. NCl's Technical Report #1 (1976) entitled, "Guidelines for Carcinogen Bioassay in Small Rodents" probably had the greatest impact of any publication on carcinogenicity testing. Many later guidelines and recommendations were based on this publication. PMID- 6681395 TI - Advances in the design and reporting of conventional carcinogenicity tests. AB - It is generally acknowledged that animal experiments provide the most important and best reliable service of information for assessing the possible carcinogenic activity of chemicals. In the past, experimental procedure has mainly concentrated on the choice of species, improved animal husbandry, the modes of exposure, test conditions and pathological examination. Although experience gained thereby indicated the necessity for further scientific exploitation of bioassay models, the rather rigid stereotyped procedures--proposed for convenience--were generally accepted and adopted. Nevertheless, continuous improvements have been made in the design of carcinogenicity tests in rodents. Current developments in test design tend to be primarily concerned with the predictive significance of carcinogenicity studies. Modern protocols call for optimum facility operation as much as for computerized support of study monitoring and data evaluation. Of particular significance are the automated handling of autopsy and histopathological data and their proper statistical evaluation. By the economical use of modern technology, cost-saving protocols can be designed for the production of the data which are essential for the reliable assessment of risk. PMID- 6681396 TI - Design of carcinogenicity studies, dose selection, route, blood levels, transformation. AB - The results of subacute toxicity tests are the information most commonly used for setting doses for carcinogenicity studies. However, since diet composition is important in regard to tumor incidence, knowledge of the effect of various doses of the compound on the nutritional composition and quality of the diet of the animals on test is also important. It is also important to determine if any of the doses administered in the study exceed the ability of the species under study to excrete it in a manner which is approximately the same as that seen at lower doses. Similarly, it is important to determine if the higher doses administered lead to the formation of metabolites not seen at lower doses which are more nearly equivalent to those to which humans are or will be exposed. The compound under test should, if possible, be administered by the same route by which human exposure occurs or is anticipated to occur. Because of potential difficulties in the interpretation of the results, gastric intubation is, in general, the least desirable method of administration. In selecting the most appropriate animal species to be used in a carcinogenicity study, consideration should be given to the use of the species and strain of experimental animal that is most biologically and metabolically similar to humans, if such data are available. PMID- 6681397 TI - Dose selection as it pertains to testing a prodrug in carcinogenicity bioassays. AB - Toxicologists need more information than is usually available in the early stages of development of a drug in order to choose proper dose levels for testing in the bioassays. The approach most likely to result in successful bioassays involves an early multidisciplinary effort in which there is pharmacokinetic characterization of the test material in both rats and mice. Preliminary 3 month studies are desirable. Periodic sampling of plasma is essential to detect possible non-linear kinetics (as in the example we report herein) reflected as accumulation of the test material or metabolites. This is true regardless of the test substance. However, if one tests prodrugs it may be particularly helpful to know if chemical or enzymatic conversion of the prodrug is linear and if there is reversion to prodrug or other abberant metabolism. Failure to rule out these possibilities could result in subsequent clinically irrelevant organ damage or could compromise longevity or the interpretation of results in lifetime studies. Pharmacokinetic considerations are as valid as the more traditional biologic or morphologic end points used to estimate maximum tolerated or no-effect dose levels. PMID- 6681398 TI - Pathology requirements for rodent two-year studies. I. A review of current procedures. AB - In the early 1970s the National Cancer Institute (NCI) initiated an animal bioassay program to determine if chemicals, to which the public are exposed, are hazardous by nature of their ability to induce cancer in animals. Experience with such tests led to the development of program guidelines in 1976. The pathology portion of this protocol included the histopathologic examination of a minimum of 25 organs/tissues from every animal on study. Since 1976 additional tissues have been added so that the current National Toxicology Program (NTP) protocol includes the histopathologic examination of 42-44 sections of 31-33 tissues from each animal. Thus an average of 25,000-26,000 sections are evaluated on a typical 600 animal (300 rats and 300 mice) study. A review of 277 NCI/NTP chemical bioassays which used this protocol revealed that this extensive list appears to be in excess of what is required to answer the question of whether a given chemical causes cancer in the test species. In addition, this protocol may be flawed in its ability to detect non-neoplastic chemically related disease. PMID- 6681399 TI - Pathology requirements for two-year rodent studies II. Alternative approaches. AB - The preceeding paper described the origin and evolution of the pathology portion of carcinogen bioassays conducted under the direction of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and subsequently by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). Review of 277 studies conducted under the NCI/NTP protocol suggested that the present number of tissues/organs was in excess to what is needed to detect if a given chemical induces cancer in rats and/or mice. In addition, the ability of the previous protocol to detect and define non-neoplastic chemically related lesions may be inadequate. This paper describes alternative pathology protocols and proposes one that will answer the question of a given chemicals' carcinogenic potential while at the same time give superior information on non-neoplastic chemical related pathology. In addition this protocol will reduce the volume of histopathology required in most studies by over 50%. PMID- 6681400 TI - Statistical support of the proposed National Toxicology Program protocol. AB - Statistical issues related to the design, analysis and interpretation of carcinogenicity studies are considered. A proposed modification of the "standard" National Cancer Institute (NCI) design of carcinogenicity studies in rodents is discussed. The primary objective was to obtain a design that maintained the power of the NCI design for detecting carcinogenic effects, while increasing the precision with which the underlying dose-response model could be estimated. "Optimum" three-dose designs are presented and discussed. Data analysis issues are also considered. Comparisons of tumor incidence should include adjustments for survival differences, and, if possible, cause of death determinations should be made for each individual animal. In some instances historical control data can aid an investigator in the overall evaluation of experimental results. Several important problems are discussed that must be overcome before historical control data can be used in a meaningful way. One critical issue in the interpretation of tumor incidence data is the issue of false positives. Data from 25 recent long term feeding studies are used to derive a statistical decision rule that closely approximates the scientific judgment process used in these studies. The overall false positive rate associated with this decision rule was found to be no more than 7-8%. PMID- 6681401 TI - Statistical issues in the design and analysis of carcinogenicity bioassays. AB - A general outline of the statistical issues in the design and analysis of carcinogenicity bioassays is given in this paper. Design issues, such as assignment of animals to treatment groups, dual control groups, duration of study, and the number of animals per group are discussed. Information needed by the biostatistician are listed to facilitate the recording of data by the pathologist. Issues in the analysis of tumor incidence data are given. Use of historical control data is encouraged and discussed. PMID- 6681402 TI - Current genetic assays in long term protocols. AB - Incorporation of mutagenicity tests in long term bioassays contributes relevant data for characterizing the oncogenic potential of a test compound. Additionally, genetic insult occurring in the germ cells may result in reproductive failure or the damage may be fixed as an inherited mutation with consequences in future generations. Tissues from animals necropsied at intervals throughout a study can be evaluated for chromosome damage and DNA perturbation. Comparatively non invasive methods of collecting body fluids for developing a clinical chemistry profile also provide samples of blood for chromosome analysis, sister chromatid exchange or unscheduled DNA synthesis, or urine and feces to identify mutagenic excretory products in the Ames test. Such monitoring techniques can be employed in continuously treated animals and in animals set aside for recovery. Identification of genotoxic or non-genotoxic steps in carcinogenic activity in a variety of target organs provides insight into the mechanism of action of a test compound and may have implications for human risk assessment and regulation. PMID- 6681403 TI - How relevant are mice hepatomas to human risk? PMID- 6681404 TI - Spontaneous hypertrophic foci of pancreatic acinar cells in CD rats. AB - A study was conducted to determine the spontaneous occurrence of hypertrophic foci of the pancreatic acinar cells in rats. Tissues from untreated control rats, 4 to 27 months of age and used in either subchronic and chronic feeding toxicity or carcinogenicity studies were reviewed. The lesions, morphologically distinctly different from nodular hyperplasia or hyperplastic nodules and adenomas, were microscopic in size and occurred in 109 of 607 males (17.6%) and 87 of 517 females (16.8%). The overall incidence of hypertrophic foci in the pancreas from rats of both sexes significantly increased with age. The lesion was not sex related. Neither the size nor the number of lesions appeared to increase with age. The lesion represents a distinct pathologic entity and is considered to be neither hyperplastic nor neoplastic. PMID- 6681405 TI - Incidence of hepatic metastases for various neoplasms in several strains of mice. AB - The incidence of hepatic metastases for a variety of spontaneous and carcinogen induced malignant neoplasms was studied in several strains of mice. Forty percent of osteogenic sarcomas metastasized to the liver in C57BL/6 female mice. Fourteen percent of mesotheliomas metastasized to the liver in C3H mice and 11.5% of alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas metastasized to the liver in BALB/c male mice. All other malignant neoplasms metastasized to the liver at a rate of less than 10% and most at less than 5%. PMID- 6681406 TI - 2nd International symposium of the Society of Toxicologic Pathologists. Design of carcinogenicity studies: considerations in pathology interpretation. May 9-11, 1983, Arlington, Virginia. PMID- 6681407 TI - Pathologist's responsibility in the diagnosis of oncogenesis. AB - In recent years with all sophisticated incoming data, it has become obvious that "cancer" is indeed a cellular disease. This level of biological organization is extremely pivotal, because it is at this level that the interactive control mechanisms have failed, rendering excessive proliferation and uncoordinated growth, which persists after cessation of the stimuli which evoked it. Although we are extremely interested in identifying and describing the stimuli (etiology), presently as toxicologic pathologists, we are called upon in rendering a diagnosis as to whether given findings are "cancer", and by extension whether an administered substance has caused these findings in laboratory animal species. For some time now the etiology has been confused with the diagnosis and the identification of the causative stimuli with the manifested effects. Although we don't know yet the entire story about the etiology of the oncogenic process we can say that we know a lot about its manifestations and therefore we are capable of making the diagnosis. By virtue of our training, we are capable of identifying, classifying and describing all oncogenic manifestations, no matter whether they are in mice or men. In the course of this pursuit we need some order. Oncogenesis is a multistep, multistage process. We must therefore have a design capable of describing and differentiating initiation, potentiation, promotion, modification, and autonomy in our laboratory animal studies. We must also address the status of the biological resistance of the animal organism through pertinent comparative correlations. Furthermore, since "cancer" is a disease, and a syndrome, we must not limit ourselves in studying only the incidence of a single manifestation in an animal, especially if we intend to use it in extrapolation, but the entire multiplicity of manifestations. In biology, in order to effectively extrapolate, we need appropriate changes in the orders of magnitude. The new chemical entity should be compared structurally to the known human and rodent oncogenic substances. The interspecies differences in toxicokinetics and metabolism compared and the type and location of target cell, as well as, the extent of genetic distortions should be established. By implementing all these it is possible not only to render an accurate diagnosis but also estimate the human "cancer" risk. PMID- 6681408 TI - Initiation/promotion designs in carcinogenicity bioassays. AB - Routine carcinogenicity testings have been designed and conducted primarily for providing data to show whether or not the test compounds have a potential of inducing tumors in animals. Therefore, in the case of safety assessment or risk assessment of test compounds in humans, additional data are needed, at times, to learn how intensely the test compound can induce tumors in animals or by which mechanism the test compound can induce tumors in animals. The initiation/promotion experiment is performed as a proceeding for such requests. This paper describes the updating principle and procedures to evaluate initiation effects and promotion effects separately. However, it must be realized that our present knowledge about the initiation/promotion is still limited to some qualitative evidences. Actually, we know very little about mechanistic background and quantitative aspect of the initiation/promotion such as the site or mode of action of promoter action, the organ-specificity of promoter action, or threshold of the initiator action and promoter action. All these problems are necessary to be studied systematically in order that the initiation/promotion design can make a more important contribution to the evaluation of carcinogenicity of chemicals. PMID- 6681409 TI - Interface between pathology and epidemiology in carcinogenesis. AB - The bottom line here is how or whether our toxicological studies relate to ourselves, to human neoplasia--but the latter is, in important ways, imperfectly defined by the best that can so far be arranged using morphological and epidemiologic methods. There are at least three basic questions: 1) with what precision can the histopathologist define and diagnose cancer in humans--hence emphasis here upon human cancer models, 2) to what extents can difficulties be resolved using animal models, where some similar difficulties are met, and 3) to what extents can epidemiology resolve these difficulties. Not all these problems can be resolved, and the investigator is left with a residue of questions for which no answers are presently available. Some of these are exemplified or precipitated by inconclusive or mistaken diagnoses. In the future awaits practical help from specific biochemical markers and morphometry, but in the present, vigilance and consultation should limit error to a small fraction of observations. In the meantime, existing methods and data are perfectly adequate for study and action in various clinical problems, eg. transmission of familial polyposis of colon, definition and control of various adverse drug reactions. PMID- 6681410 TI - Non-reversibility of vinyl chloride carcinogenesis in rodents. AB - A review of the data obtained from various studies on carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride (VC) in rodents, particularly on the effect of dose, age, duration of exposure and potential reversibility of lesions, revealed that vinyl chloride induced carcinogenicity in rodents was dose and time related; no recovery occurred in mice even after only 1 month of VC exposures or in rats after 6-month exposures. In addition, younger animals (2 months old) were more susceptible to VC-induced carcinogenicity than animals held for 6 or 12 months prior to exposure. Initial 6 or 12 month exposures were adequate to detect the carcinogenic potential of VC. The above information was used as a basis for discussion on design of carcinogenicity studies. Possibility of determining the carcinogenic potential of a compound in a shorter period than the traditional 2 year studies in rodents was discussed in consideration with appropriate doses, species, age and exposure duration. Although this approach may be applicable to a strong carcinogen, it was not considered practicable in case of weak or unknown carcinogens. PMID- 6681411 TI - Relevance of cellular autonomy to regulatory decisions. PMID- 6681412 TI - Relevance of mouse liver hepatoma to human carcinogenic risk. PMID- 6681413 TI - Fucosyltransferase activities in human lymphocytes and granulocytes. Blood group H-gene-specified alpha-2-L-fucosyltransferase is a discriminatory marker of peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Human lymphocytes and granulocytes were examined for blood group H-gene-specified alpha-2-L-fucosyl-transferase, alpha-3-L-fucosyltransferase and blood group Le gene-specified alpha-4-L-fucosyltransferase. No alpha-4-L-fucosyltransferase was detectable in either cell type. alpha-3-L-Fucosyltransferase was readily demonstrable in both lymphocytes and granulocytes and the levels of activity per 10(6) cells were approximately the same. In contrast, alpha-2-L fucosyltransferase was detectable in lymphocytes but not in similar numbers of granulocytes. The absence of alpha-2-L-fucosyltransferase was confirmed in granulocytes isolated from the blood of eighty unselected donors and was independent of ABO blood group or ABH secretor status. PMID- 6681414 TI - Empathic understanding: a review of the concept and some theoretical considerations. AB - A review of the psychoanalytic literature shows that empathy has always played an important part in the practice of psychoanalysis, but that as a concept it has not been well understood. This confusion and a certain mistrust of empathy that it engenders were traced to an incomplete understanding of the meaning of the term, and to the lack of an affect theory that could explain the communication involved in the empathic process. These problems were examined and suggestions for their resolution were made. A line of affective development that culminated in empathic understanding was proposed. An operational approach to empathy was described and the role of empathy as the basis for and the prelude to psychoanalytic interpretation was discussed. PMID- 6681415 TI - Separation-individuation and cognition. AB - Through direct observation of infants and mothers in an "experimental" nursery, Mahler and her associates have accumulated data which when analyzed point to distinct phases (stages) during the long process of the development of the concepts of self and object. These phases, autism, symbiosis, and separation individuation (itself subdivided into four subphases, differentiation, practicing, rapprochement, and consolidation of individuation) correspond well with the stages described by Piaget as constituting the period of cognitive growth described as sensorimotor intelligence. The intercorrelation of the phasic development along these two separate lines (objectal-affective and cognitive), expectable as it may be, is of considerable interest as it underlines the intrinsic strength of the psychoanalytic concept of the object. Furthermore, this intercorrelation enhances and enlarges our understanding of the process of consolidation of self and object during the first years of life. PMID- 6681416 TI - Freud, evolution, and the tragedy of man. AB - It is argued that Freud was not, as Sulloway (1979) contends, a "crypto biologist" of the mind, but rather a cultural anthropologist of the mind. Freud's genetic conception of the psychic apparatus was neither exclusively nor critically derived from biology. Rather, it was based on an anthropogenetic approach to the archaic heritage of mind inspired in part by the moral philosophy of Nietzsche. The idea of tragedy was the unifying theme of Freud's cultural interpretation of evolutionary psychology. The historical search for the primal origins of neurosis led Freud to the unavoidable conclusion that neurosis was in the beginning a prehistoric moral dilemma which, over the course of mental evolution, eventually evolved into guilt, discontent, and neurosis as modern-day phylogenetically endowed facts of life. Freud (1930) made it clear that the source of man's biological and cultural evolutionary progress--self-denial--was also responsible for the tragedy of the human condition, namely, repression, eternal psychic ambivalence, and chronic mental illness. He believed that neurosis began, as Nietzsche (1887) exclaimed, with the "reduction of the beast of prey 'man' to a tame and civilized animal..." (p. 42). For both Freud and Nietzsche, the cause of the human tragedy was not merely the fall from Nature, but the inexorable knowledge that Man's denial of his biological heritage was the very basis for being human. PMID- 6681417 TI - Theory of character. Panel report. PMID- 6681418 TI - Clinical aspects of character. Panel report. PMID- 6681419 TI - Interpretation: toward a contemporary understanding of the term. Panel report. PMID- 6681420 TI - Psychoanalytic inferences concerning children of divorced parents. Panel report. PMID- 6681421 TI - Reconstruction of preverbal experiences. AB - Only a few analysts (Deutsch, 1947, 1952; Braatoy, 1954) have systematically tried to investigate how nonverbal behavior may be derived from events and experiences from the preverbal phase of development. Their approaches to the analysis of such behavior differ. Extracts of an analysis are used to illustrate basic technical and theoretical questions with regard to the possibility of making use of nonverbal material to reconstruct preverbal experiences. It is inferred that the analyst's visual observations of the patient's nonverbal behavior may be a cue to significant events and trauma from the preverbal period. Besides, the specific visual imagery of the patient that, in this case, emerged just after the appearance of nonverbal behavior, may be a valuable source of data for analytic reconstruction. PMID- 6681422 TI - Psychoanalysis and self psychology: a metapsychological essay with a clinical illustration. AB - This paper is an attempt to evaluate critically some theoretical and clinical consequences of the psychoanalytic psychology of the self in its broad, supraordinate position. From this either-or position, advocated by Kohut and his followers, self psychology corrodes some of the most central explanatory concepts of psychoanalysis--conflict, transference, and resistance. In an extensive case illustration, I have tried to show the conceptual and technical impoverishment of the self-psychological views with respect to the concepts of organization in conflict, in defense, and in development, and with respect to the role of aggression and to the concepts of transference and resistance. These consequences of the supraordinate self-psychological viewpoint are related to its overt attack on metapsychology, which is linked to an epistemological fallacy as a consequence of the exclusive use of empathy and introspection with grave consequences for our explanatory power, i.e., a fundamental confusion between the realms of content and of function. This also implies an obstacle in the systematic study of self deception and a threat to psychoanalysis defined as the study of human behavior considered from the viewpoint of conflict. Finally, an attempt is made to integrate the views of Kohut with those of Winnicott and of classical metapsychology. PMID- 6681423 TI - Treatment preparatory to psychoanalysis. AB - Many potentially analyzable adult patients with unimpaired egos require a period of preparatory treatment before entering psychoanalysis. There has been some concern that such face-to-face treatment, if done with the same analyst, would influence the subsequent analysis by stimulating inaccessible unconscious fantasies, gratifying infantile wishes, or making the analyst too "real." This would necessitate a change to another analyst after the preparatory treatment, in order that the analysis be unmodified and have the most profound and definitive effects. Increasingly, however, many analysts practicing in the classical tradition have found preparatory treatment compatible with progression to psychoanalysis with the same analyst. But neither this process nor the concerns about it have been described to any extent in the literature. This may be, in part, because of historical conceptions that the effects of psychotherapy rest mainly on suggestion, lack of a full theoretical framework for psychotherapy compared with psychoanalysis, and disagreement as to whether these procedures are dichotomous or on a continuum. In order to discuss most clearly the basic issues involved in preparatory treatment that progresses to analysis with the same analyst, a case is presented in which complex variables were at a minimum; the transition could be anticipated, so that interventions, which might complicate the analysis, could be avoided; and the preparatory treatment was necessary to attenuate specific resistances to the meaning of analysis. The patient described here resisted analysis as it represented the facilitator of a feared regression and the reactivator of warded-off libidinal and aggressive impulses and wishes which the patient experienced as more controllable in psychotherapy. The meanings and effects of the prior treatment and the transition on the analytic transference neurosis, resistances, countertransferences, as well as possible effects on analytic technique, are described. Although some effects on the analytic process were apparent, limitations were not observed. Also considered are advantages and disadvantages of this extension of analytic technique and why many patients, despite our best efforts, persist in avoiding analysis. PMID- 6681424 TI - Further contributions to the understanding of stage fright: narcissistic issues. AB - Stage fright is an overdetermined symptom of all persons who must perform before an audience. The performer may experience disintegration anxiety as he searches for a mirroring or an idealized object to make him feel complete and loved. Anxiety may be generated by his fantasy that he is stirring up the envy and persecution of others as a defense against his own envy. He also may develop anxiety over his fear that his success is depriving others and harming them. The performer's concern over his greed may activate unconscious anxieties about depleting the very object he seeks of all it has to give. Conversely, if he projects the greediness onto the audience, he may fear that he will be devoured. Finally, he may become extraordinarily anxious over the thrust toward autonomy that his assertive act of performing represents to him. He may feel that if he does not perform according to the expectations of his audience-mother, he will lose the audience's love and admiration. Although it is a potentially disabling problem, stage fright adds a unique dimension to the vitality of live performance. It is emblematic of the electric interaction between the performer and the audience that makes the theater a place of magic. Audience members bring a certain degree of reality to the performer's fears: they may cheer him on, but they may also secretly hope for disaster. If a faux pas occurs, they may ridicule him with laughter, and a poorly executed performance may result in fidgeting, at least, and hurling of vegetables, at worst. As the performer balances on the razor's edge of the audience's ambivalent empathy for him, a sense of dangerous excitement is created. This interactional tension makes live performance a unique medium that can never be replaced by film or recording. As one performer put it, "It creates a feeling of delicious dread, a mixture of horror and anticipation." PMID- 6681425 TI - The oral deadlock: treatment of a psychotic child. PMID- 6681426 TI - Masochistic pathology and feminine development. PMID- 6681427 TI - Adoption and disturbed narcissism: a case illustration of a latency boy. AB - The analysis of a latency-age boy, adopted at birth, is presented. Clinical material, particularly having to do with family romance fantasies created by the patient to account for why the biological parents "got rid of" him, are focused upon. The relation between being adopted and disturbed narcissism is considered. PMID- 6681428 TI - Cognitive aspects of splitting and libidinal object constancy. AB - Features of normal cognitive development during the preoperational period have been described and interrelated with features of the rapprochement subphase of the separation-individuation process and with the beginning of libidinal object constancy. Specifically, aspects of preoperational thought have been shown to be consistent with and to complement the psychoanalytic developmental understanding of the child's renewed fear of object loss during rapprochement, of splitting, and of the "integration" of split object representations. The cognitive processes of centering and decentering have been shown to be central to the phenomena discussed. PMID- 6681429 TI - The position and value of extratransference interpretation. AB - The role of extratransference interpretation in the theory of technique has been insufficiently defined and only tangentially discussed. Extratransference interpretation refers to interpretation that is relatively outside the analytic transference relationship. Although interpretive resolution of the transference neurosis is the central area of analytic work, transference is not the sole or whole focus of interpretation, or the only effective "mutative" interpretation, or always the most significant interpretation. Extratransference interpretation has a position and value which is not simply ancillary, preparatory, and supplementary to transference interpretation. Transference analysis is essential, but extratransference interpretation, including genetic interpretation and reconstruction, is also necessary, complementary, and synergistic. Transference is a repetition that requires analysis of its genetic sources in childhood conflict and fixation. Transference and reality, past and present, are newly defined, understood, and integrated in the analytic process. Transference fantasy cannot be clarified without understanding the "grains of truth" to which it may be anchored in reality inside and outside the analytic situation. The analyst's real attitudes and attributes may influence the transference and transference analysis. Countertransference also tends to evoke transference reactions which are unique to each patient, so that there are contributions from both parties to the analytic process and the analytic data. Analytic understanding should encompass the overlapping transference and extratransference spheres, fantasy and reality, past and present. A "transference only" position is theoretically untenable and could lead to an artificial reduction of all associations and interpretations into a transference mold and to an idealized folie a deux. PMID- 6681430 TI - The analyst and the patient's object world: notes on an aspect of countertransference. AB - I have discussed an aspect of the problem of countertransference that has received little comment--the relation of the analyst to objects in his patient's world. Emotional reactions stimulated in the analyst by his perception of such objects can have a profound effect on the course and outcome of his analytic work. Such responses are a product of complex interactions between the impulses, affects, fantasies, and defenses evoked in the therapist by the mental representations he has formed of these objects. Such objects, in fact, can have a variety of meanings for the analyst. Not only are they related to self-and object representations past and present, but they may, in his imagination, be part of a network of interactions involving the patient, his family, and other of his objects as the result of the reawakening in the analyst of fantasies, memories, and expectations derived from his sibling and family relations. Emotional responses aroused in the therapist by the patient may also be displaced onto objects in the patient's world and not be recognized as countertransference phenomena. Finally, I have commented on the way that reconstructions can be influenced by the analyst's perceptions of his patients' objects, and I have made some note of the special situation when an object in the patient's life is also known to the analyst. While awareness of his conscious attitudes and feelings toward such objects can serve a useful function for the analyst, too complacent an attitude regarding the protective value of such self-awareness may make difficult his recognition of the link between the image of the object known to both patient and analyst and the reawakened self- and object images of the analyst's childhood--a link that, in fact, constitutes the deepest source of countertransference difficulties. PMID- 6681431 TI - A note on consummation and termination. AB - The sensation sometimes expressed by analytic patients, most notably during termination of having left some "unfinished business" (to which they hope to return) is not necessarily simply a judgment about the analysis; frequently it is an affective component of the wish for consummation which has not been granted by the analysis. Simultaneously, it expresses the defense against that very consummation. The wish to give the analyst a gift is in some sense the direct opposite, or more correctly, expresses the defense more openly as a bribe and warning to the analyst that he should not expect or hope for consummation of the instinctual wishes which have been the center of analytic work; i.e., it is a defense against the fulfillment of those wishes almost as if the analyst, by attempting to analyze them, insists upon their enactment. Nevertheless, and despite the apparent contradiction, both affects, which serve similar functions, may appear simultaneously. PMID- 6681432 TI - Time experience and transference. AB - This paper has examined the historical developments in the understanding of the experience of time in normal and pathological development, with an emphasis on the differences between "objective" time, "subjective" time, the "timelessness" of the system Ucs., and "intrapsychic" time. Using a variety of perspectives- psychobiology, cognitive development, psychosexual development, separation individuation, and object-relations theory--time experience has been seen to unfold as a result of the constant interrelation of physiological maturation and psychosexual development, with early object relations playing a supraordinate role in organizing the experience of time from its roots in identification with the preoedipal mother (Mother Time), where time is felt as intensity, to the relatively autonomous ego-superego function of time experience in the adult with adequate separation-individuation and capacity for object constancy, where time is felt as duration and continuity. Left unanswered are (1) philosophical questions about the phenomenological observation that all time is experienced in the present in the ego, (2) what the mechanisms for intrasystemic differentiation of past, present, and future are, and (3) metapsychological questions about the locus and mechanism for monitoring the passage of experienced time. The clinical application of concepts of time experience was demonstrated through presentation of aspects of the treatment of a patient for whom time and its experience was the organizing schema for her life, character pathology, and transference neurosis. The fantasy of the omnipotent control of time dominated the analysis and served as a major resistance, yet her manipulation of time served to stabilize the treatment relationship so that analysis became possible. PMID- 6681434 TI - Metapsychology: its cultural and scientific roots. Panel report. PMID- 6681433 TI - Reanalysis of child analytic patients. Panel report. PMID- 6681435 TI - The changing vistas of transference: the effect of developmental concepts on the understanding of transference. Panel report. PMID- 6681436 TI - The inconstant "principle of constancy". AB - A review of the principle of constancy, as it appeared in Freud's writings, shows that it was inspired by his clinical observations, first with Breuer in the field of cathartic therapy and then through experiences in the early usage of psychoanalysis. The recognition that memories repressed in the unconscious created increasing tension, and that this was relieved with dischargelike phenomena when the unconscious was made conscious, was the basis for his claim to originality in this area. The two principles of "neuronic inertia" Freud expounded in the Project (1895), are found to offer the key to the ambiguous definition of the principle of constancy he was to offer in later years. The "original" principle, which sought the complete discharge of energy (or elimination of stimuli), became the forerunner of the death drive; the "extended" principle achieved balances that were relatively constant, but succumbed in the end to complete discharge. This was the predecessor of the life drives. The relation between the constancy and pleasure-unpleasure principles was maintained for twenty-five years largely on an empirical basis which invoked the concept of psychophysical parallelism between "quantity" and "quality." As the links between the two principles were weakened by clinical experiences attendant upon the growth of ego psychology, a revision of the principle of constancy was suggested, and it was renamed the Nirvana principle. Actually it was shifted from alignment with the "extended" principle of inertia to the original, so that "constancy" was incongruously identified with self-extinction. The former basis for the constancy principle, the extended principle of inertia, became identified with Eros. Only a few commentators seem aware of this radical transformation, which has been overlooked in the Standard Edition of Freud's writings. Physiological biases in the history and conception of the principle of constancy are noted in the Standard Edition. The historical antecedents of the principle of constancy, especially in relation to the teachings and influence of J. F. Herbart (1776 1841), do much to bridge the gap between psychological and neurophysiological aspects of Freud's ideas about constancy and its associated doctrine, psychic determinism. Freud's later teachings about the Nirvana principle and Eros suggest a continuum of "constancies" embodied in the structural and functional development of the mental apparatus as it evolves from primal unity with the environment (e.g., the mother-child unit) and differentiates in patterns that organize the inner and outer worlds in relation to each other. PMID- 6681437 TI - A significant "dream within a dream". AB - This brief clinical note is an attempt to clarify Freud's remarks regarding the significance of real occurrences of the "dream within a dream". There is affirmation of the reality of an actual event in the manifest dream (the "tickling" in adolescence). Certain representations regarding real events are alluded to in the manifest dream and are confirmed by the latent dream thoughts (the underlying homosexual theme involving the patient's mother and herself). Within the ongoing transference neurosis, a new understanding led this patient to experience intense sexual affects which were recalled for the first time during the course of an analytic session. The analyst's attention to this "dream within a dream" led to a facilitating active interpretation of the repressed sexual feelings. At the same time it was possible to observe a developmental arrest which had interfered with the consolidation of the patient's adolescent maturation begin to be undone by interpretation. The process of disengaging the patient from her unconscious bond with her mother (the undoing of the negative oedipal involvement) had been set in motion. The "dream within a dream" seems to represent a special defensive effort of the dream work to encapsulate the memory of one or more related actual events and the intense affects associated with them -affects whose pressure for discharge threaten to arouse the sleeper. The form the dream assumes is related to its hidden sexual origins and engages the active participation of both patient and analyst. PMID- 6681438 TI - Some relations between the negative Oedipus complex and aggression in the male. AB - The conflictual problems that accompany the Oedipus complex, in both its positive and negative (normal and inverted) forms, have long been recognized. It has also been well established that normal and pathological identifications derive from bisexual tendencies and from the complications of early life experiences that reinforce love or hate toward father and mother respectively. In the male, two mechanisms that can operate to bring about a predominant feminine identification and hence a negative or inverted Oedipus complex have been described. First, there is that of a primary identification with the mother, and the seeking of the father as object, with castration anxiety as a consequence. Alternatively, the sequence has been considered to involve positive oedipal wishes with mother as object; accompanying castration anxiety based on expectation of punishment; submission in a negative oedipal position as an attempted defense, only serving, however, to reinforce castration anxiety; and ultimately, a reversion to reactive aggression against the father. The links between unconscious homosexuality and paranoia in light of the foregoing dynamics have been indicated. The influence of preoedipal experience has long been presumed, though not systematically traced. With the advance of understanding of the earliest phases of childhood development, further clarification has become possible. Several factors are discussed in this paper, with illustrative clinical material. Included are the parental roles in perpetuating infantile conflicts of each libidinal phase, and in progression from symbiosis to successful separation-individuation. The resultant difficulties in ego development and in the establishment of mature object relations are described. The subsequent problems in mastering the tasks of the oedipal phase are detailed, showing the effects in terms of alternating positive and negative oedipal strivings. The adolescent-phase struggles are touched on, including the unrealistic ego-ideal structuring based on the negative oedipal stresses. Finally, the relation between unconscious homosexuality, beating fantasies, and paranoia is discussed, with the implications regarding aggression and its effects on psychopathology. PMID- 6681439 TI - Chromosome translocation (T(2;4)1 Sn)-induced neural tube defects in the mouse embryo. AB - Neural tube closure was studied in embryos obtained from matings of male mice heterozygous for a reciprocal chromosome translocation (T(2;4)1 Sn) with normal female (CFLP) mice. When litters were examined on the 9th to 12th days of gestation, there was a high incidence of resorption, developmental delay and neural tube closure defects in these embryos. SEM observations indicated that the neural tube closure defects ranged in severity from a side-to-side flattening of the midbrain to extensive anomalies in which the entire cephalic neural tube had failed to close. In addition to cephalic defects, a number of embryos exhibited open defects or abnormal subectodermal blebbing in the future lumbosacral region. In spinal regions, even in areas in which the neural tube had previously closed, it often was irregular and folded. These observations are discussed in relation to studies of gene-related defects of neural tube closure. PMID- 6681440 TI - The murine mutation trembler-J: proof of semidominant expression by use of the linked vestigial tail marker. AB - Trembler-J, TrJ, is a peripheral hypomyelinating murine mutant. In intercrosses (TrJ/ + X TrJ/ +) there are severely affected (behaviorally and pathologically), mildly affected, and normal offspring, while backcrosses (TrJ/ + X + / +) produce only mildly affected and normal offspring. We used the closely linked marker vestigial tail, vt, to test whether severely affected offspring of intercrosses (TrJvt/ + + X TrJvt/ + +) were TrJ/TrJ. In 5/6 intercrosses all severely affected animals were short-tailed and vice versa, while all mildly affected animals had long tails and vice versa. It is highly probable that the severely affected, mildly affected, and normal classes of intercross offspring were of TrJ/TrJ, TrJ/+, and +/+ genotypes, respectively. PMID- 6681441 TI - The behavior and vestibular nuclear morphology of otoconia-deficient pallid mutant mice. AB - Pallid mutant mice with no otoconia in their gravity receptors were behaviorally tested and their vestibular nuclei measured to determine if this developmental sensory deprivation had any detrimental effect on central vestibular structure and function. This absence of otoconia was correlated with disorientation in water and absence of air righting reflexes. The inferior and superior vestibular nuclei were smaller than normal, but neurons within regions that receive direct gravity receptor input were smaller only unilaterally in medial vestibular nucleus. It was tentatively concluded that the sensory deprivation resulting from reduced gravity receptor input was responsible for the behavioral and central morphological abnormalities. PMID- 6681442 TI - Dominant spinocerebellar ataxia: genetic counseling. AB - Dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxia (OPCA 1) poses a particular problem for genetic counseling due to late age of onset. Liability for disease using observed age of onset can be combined with HLA linkage data to provide revised estimates of risk for affection. Where data is informative, certain combinations may yield estimates which improve so rapidly with age that postponement of childbearing may become a strong consideration as an option. PMID- 6681443 TI - Heterogeneity of tropomyosin and actin in normal and diseased muscle. AB - Actin and tropomyosin in muscle samples from normal humans, from human fetuses between 12 and 17 gestational weeks, and from patients with a variety of neuromuscular disorders were studied with two-dimensional electrophoresis using isoelectric focusing with either a broad pH range (8.6-4.5) or a narrow pH range (5.9-3.8) for the first dimension and either SDS or SDS-urea for the second dimension. With the broad pH range, two brothers with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were noted to have a less acidic variant of alpha-tropomyosin in biceps muscle which was not found in biceps muscle from other patients or controls. Studies of 8 additional biopsy specimens from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and comparison with both fetal and normal human muscle using the narrow pH range revealed multiple forms of actin and tropomyosin which varied from individual to individual. This heterogeneity appeared to be unrelated to the dystrophic state but also obscured the ability to detect a change in actin or tropomyosin which could be related to dystrophy. PMID- 6681444 TI - ["Asymptomatic" bilateral thrombosis of the internal carotid artery. Case report]. AB - The Authors present a case of bilateral internal carotid artery thrombosis (BICAT) with a minimal symptomatology and whose neurological examination was consistently negative. The angiographic investigation revealed that the major supratentorial vessels were bilaterally filled via the vertebro-basilar system. Although it is now generally accepted that there are occasional cases where bilateral occlusion may be compatible with adequate vital functions, the Authors think that it is extremely rare to find a case as neurologically intact as theirs. PMID- 6681445 TI - [Chronic dialysis and forcing of the ability to fantasize. Evaluation of the alexithymic phenomenon in a group of dialyzed patients]. AB - In order to evaluate personality modifications toward greater concreteness and a consequent reduction of fantasizing in subjects undergoing chronic haemodialytic treatment, the Shalling Sifneos Personality Scale (S.S.P.S.) was administered to a group of patients undergoing dialysis and to two control groups: one consisting of patients with chronic hepatitis and the other of healthy subjects. The S.S.P.S. measures the alexithymic traits of the personality. Subjects undergoing dialysis scored significantly higher than chronic hepatitis patients and healthy subjects; the latter group had the lowest scores. The alexithymic score, moreover, appears to be directly correlated with the duration of dialysis. It is suggested that the prominence of the alexithymic phenomenon may be related to defense mechanisms against recurrent anguish about dying and to the tendency to assume certain characteristics of the particular therapeutic regimen, such as concreteness and rationality, so as to be able to tolerate the aggressive aspects of the treatment. PMID- 6681446 TI - [Currency of postencephalitic parkinsonism]. AB - A case of postencephalitic parkinsonism is described. The patient, 27 years old, was affected by encephalitis lethargica 15 years prior to the appearance of the extrapyramidal syndrome on the right side of his body. Based on data in the literature, the possibility is discussed that postencephalitic parkinsonism may still be present and may manifest itself sporadically. PMID- 6681447 TI - [The liver and acquired disorders of hemostasis]. PMID- 6681448 TI - [Inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the pancreas. Review of their differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6681449 TI - [Polyps of the terminal part of the colon and rectum. Endoscopic and histological study]. PMID- 6681450 TI - [Fibrinogen in diseases of the liver and its effect on the development of hemorrhage]. PMID- 6681451 TI - [Treatment of liver cancer patients with cytostatic agents]. PMID- 6681453 TI - [Hirsutism. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6681452 TI - [The significance of studying the HBe system in the prognosis of patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis Be]. PMID- 6681454 TI - [Milkman's syndrome]. PMID- 6681455 TI - [Chronic leukemia. Present status of diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6681456 TI - [Complications in the treatment of patients with Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6681457 TI - [Congenital arteriovenous fistula in the heart]. PMID- 6681458 TI - [Comparison of electrocardiographic changes with disorders of left ventricular wall motion and occlusive changes in the coronary arteries in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6681459 TI - [Relation between the hyperlipoproteinemia group and the degree of narrowing of the main coronary arteries]. PMID- 6681460 TI - [Prodromal stages of ventricular fibrillation]. PMID- 6681461 TI - [Treatment of chronic insufficiency of the kidneys]. PMID- 6681462 TI - [Research on cancer at the International Center for Research on Cancer in 1981 1982]. PMID- 6681463 TI - [Principles of medical ethics]. PMID- 6681464 TI - [Tobacco: warning to the Third World]. PMID- 6681465 TI - Monitor for an intravenous injection system. PMID- 6681466 TI - A simple, safe and reliable instrument to cool injectate fluids for thermodilution cardiac output. PMID- 6681467 TI - Signs and symptoms of stroke and impending stroke in a series of optometric patients. AB - A sample of 1000 consecutively attending patients aged 50 years or more yielded 126 (12.6%) subjects having completed stroke or presenting with signs or symptoms indicating risk of stroke. The findings included 82 patients who had experienced transient ischemic attacks, 61 with cervical bruit, 24 with retinal signs of vascular insufficiency, and 26 who had suffered a completed stroke. The high incidence of stroke and the common occurrence of prodromal signs and symptoms of impending stroke justifies the inclusion of cervical auscultation and an extended history taking in the optometric examination. It is suggested that these procedures should be carried out on diabetic or hypertensive patients and all patients aged 50 years or older. Patients identified as being at risk of stroke should be referred for medical management. PMID- 6681468 TI - Computer simulation of an optometric practice. AB - Computer simulation languages have been used extensively in industry to model specific jobs or operations and these same languages can be used in health care settings to analyze the performance of optometric practices. A General Purpose Simulation System (GPSS) simulation of an optometric practice is described which permits 21 different reasons for visits. The model individually simulates each type of visit, provides unique criteria concerning who sees each patient, computes service times and office delays, and uses return visit probabilities to simulate patient flow through the office. Statistics are collected which can be used to analyze the performance of the office. Through this technique the optometrist can evaluate or discover new ways to improve his/her practice. PMID- 6681469 TI - Reactions induced by the concurrent use of thimerosal and tetracycline. AB - We examined the reaction to thimerosal which occurred when patients were prescribed tetracyclines simultaneously. Nine patients were identified who had been using a 0.004% thimerosal-containing contact lens solution for over 6 months. All had developed varying degrees of ocular reaction (red eye, irritation, blepharitis) apparently as a result of taking tetracyclines concurrently. The reaction disappeared upon discontinuance of either the thimerosal or the tetracyclines. The hypothesis that the reaction was due to an interaction between thimerosal and tetracyclines was confirmed in rabbits. PMID- 6681470 TI - A comparison of the results of tonic and phasic vergence training. AB - Thirty-four healthy asymptomatic young adults were randomly divided into two groups. All subjects underwent training aimed at expanding the vergence ranges. The training in one group consisted of tasks emphasizing smooth, slow activities. The other group trained using quicker, stepwise, more phasic tasks. The vergence ranges were subjectively measured using a small (1.72 degree diameter) target in a major amblyoscope. The study lasted 6 weeks. The first 3 weeks served as a control period over which time the vergences proved to be stable. The training was done for 10 min on the weekdays of the last 3 weeks of the study. Analysis of the data indicates that the group training via the stepwise or phasic paradigm showed greater increases in both the positive and negative vergences. Both groups achieved substantial increases in both the negative and positive vergences. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 6681471 TI - A quality assessment of aphakic correction. AB - An assessment of the quality of care being provided to meet the needs of postcataract aphakes for refractive correction is presented. The procedure used was a review of patient records originally developed for inpatient care but was here applied to outpatient care in a centralized health facility. This paper demonstrates the feasibility and value of this method of quality assessment. PMID- 6681473 TI - Reliability of power measurement of toric soft contact lenses. AB - We studied the reliability of lensometer measurements of hydrated toric soft contact lenses in air and compared them to similar measurements of toric hard contact lenses and a spherocylindrical spectacle lens. Twenty measurements were made of each of five soft lenses, three hard lenses, and one spectacle lens. One half of the measurements used an eyepiece lensometer and one-half a projection lensometer. The reliability of the technique was found to be lower for soft lenses than for hard lenses and highest for the spectacle lens. Reliability was sufficiently high for hydrated toric soft lenses with either type of lensometer to support recommendation of a standard tolerance of +/-0.25 D when applied to the mean of five measurements. PMID- 6681472 TI - Effects of luminance on contrast sensitivity in senile macular degeneration. AB - Patients with senile macular degeneration (SMD) often have difficulties in adapting to changing luminance levels. They may complain of problems at both high and low luminance levels, although some patients have their vision function markedly improved at high luminance levels. We examined the effect of luminance on the contrast sensitivity function in six patients with SMD and five normals of approximately the same age. The contrast sensitivity of the SMD patients compared to the control subjects was reduced at 72 cd/m2 but was comparable to that of the controls at 0.007 cd/m2. The peak of the contrast sensitivity function was moved to lower spatial frequencies at all luminances in the SMD group, and the slope of the function relating contrast sensitivity to luminance was reduced. These data suggest that adaptation mechanisms which optimize contrast detection are disrupted in SMD. Further disturbances of function might be expected in the dynamics of the adaptation process. PMID- 6681475 TI - [4th Yugoslav Symposium on Pediatric Hematology. Belgrade, 1983. Abstracts]. PMID- 6681474 TI - Effectiveness of the Humphrey Vision Analyzer low vision slide on the partially sighted. AB - Subjective refractions were performed on a variety of low vision patients using the Humphrey Vision Analyzer (HVA) which incorporates a low vision slide. Twenty one eyes were examined and results were compared with standardized trial frame refraction findings. The results indicate that the HVA is an effective alternative procedure for some low vision patients, although several factors, including design of the slide, patient alignment, and target illumination, need to be carefully considered if this technique is to replace the conventional low vision trial frame examination. PMID- 6681476 TI - The attempted enrichment of beer with thiamine alkyl disulphides. AB - The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, commonplace in Australia, might be prevented by the enrichment of alcoholic beverages with thiamine. The use of the well absorbed thiamine alkyl disulphides for the enrichment of the most relevant Australian beverage, namely beer, is examined. A liquid chromatographic method is described whereby thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulphide and thiamine propyl disulphide can be detected in beer in concentrations down to 125 ng/ml. It is concluded that the thiamine alkyl disulphides offer no special advantage because their disulphide bonds are reduced by substances in beer, yielding free thiamine. PMID- 6681478 TI - [Growth of acid-fast bacteria enhanced by lecithin given in a form of liposomes: a partial model of mycobacterial infection]. PMID- 6681477 TI - Adaptive changes in lipid composition of rat liver plasma membrane during postnatal development following maternal ethanol ingestion. AB - The fatty acid composition of constituent phospholipids and the cholesterol content of rat liver plasma membranes were determined subsequent to maternal alcohol ingestion during pregnancy and lactation. The alcoholic group was given a liquid Metrecal diet containing 37% ethanol-derived calories. The control group was pair-fed an isocaloric sucrose/Metrecal diet. Litters were killed for lipid analyses at days 5, 15 and 25 after birth. These studies revealed that the total phospholipid phosphorus was similar and increased significantly with age in both groups. Cholesterol also increased significantly with age in both groups but was greater in the alcoholic pups, resulting in a higher cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio. While the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content increased with age in both groups, that of sphingomyelin decreased. Phosphatidylserine + phosphatidylinositol (PS + PI) was significantly higher in the control group at all ages studied. A consistent increase of C22:6 in phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin, PS + PI and in the total phospholipid fraction from alcoholic pups was observed. Although other fatty acid changes were found in PC, PS + PI and sphingomyelin, PE was not affected. These results suggest that specific adaptive changes were induced in the liver plasma membrane lipids of the progeny from alcoholic rats. PMID- 6681479 TI - Evidence of torture in Chile. PMID- 6681480 TI - Immune globulin intravenous replacement after plasma exchange. AB - The infusion of high-dose (275 mg/kg body weight) immune globulin intravenous (IGIV) after 466 plasma exchanges in 64 patients with autoimmune disease was studied. Side effects occurred during 15% of IGIV infusions. For the most part they were transient and mild, and could be controlled by slowing the infusion rate. Two percent of infusions had to be terminated because of more persistent or severe side effects. Chills were the most common side effect, followed by nausea, flushing, anxiety, and nausea. Serum IgG levels were immediately restored into the normal range by IGIV infusions, and they were much more effective in restoring IgG levels after plasma exchange than intramuscular injection of 9.9 g of immune serum globulin (ISG). Up to 15 weekly high-dose IGIV infusions were well tolerated without unusual side effects. These patients did not have any major bacterial infections, but were not protected from developing Herpes zoster at the dosages used. In patients with myasthenia gravis, a short term impact of a single IGIV infusion on titers of antibody to acetylcholine receptor could not be demonstrated. This study showed IGIV to be a safe and effective preparation for the replacement of normal IgG removed during plasma exchange. PMID- 6681481 TI - Leukapheresis: increasing the granulocyte yield with the Fenwal CS-3000. AB - By premedicating the donor with 60 mg prednisone in divided doses and processing more donor blood at higher flow rates than those specified by the manufacturer, one can obtain high yields of granulocytes and platelets (mean of 3.3 X 10(10) and 5.9 X 10(11), respectively) with the Fenwal CS-3000 blood cell separator. The steroid effect predominates over that of processing more blood. In the case of donors who are not stimulated by steroid, processing 10 L of donor blood at flow rates of 60 to 70 ml/minute results in a significantly improved yield of granulocytes (mean of 2.2 X 10(10) as opposed to 1.4 in the case of 7 L) and of platelets (6.1 X 10(11) versus 4.7). The concentrates contain about 50 to 60% less lymphocytes when donors are given steroid. With these modifications, the leukapheresis can still be accomplished in less than three hours and with minimal adverse effects on the donors. PMID- 6681482 TI - Partial plasma protein replacement in therapeutic plasma exchange. AB - We wished to determine whether subtotal replacement of protein in plasma removed at plasma exchange would be adequate to prevent hypovolemia and hypoproteinemia. Seven well nourished outpatients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis underwent 60 plasma exchanges in which two liters of plasma were replaced with 750 ml saline followed by 1250 ml of a 5% albumin solution (62.5% albumin replacement). Total serum protein, protein electrophoresis, and immunoglobulin levels were measured before and after each exchange. Clinically, the exchanges were well tolerated. Total serum protein dropped by a mean of only 18% during the study and mean preexchange serum albumin levels were unchanged, even though immunoglobulins decreased by 57-72%. We conclude that in well nourished patients, partial albumin replacement of this magnitude is an adequate substitute for plasma removed in a plasma exchange. PMID- 6681483 TI - Selective removal of sickle cells with the IBM 2997 continuous flow blood cell separator. AB - Partial red cell exchange transfusion is used to manage several complications of sickle cell anemia. Reports have stressed the safety, ease, and speed of red cell exchange procedures performed with blood cell separators, but little information exists concerning operating conditions for the most efficient removal of hemoglobin S (HbS) containing cells. We performed 13 red blood cell exchange transfusions with the IBM 2997 continuous flow blood cell separator on two previously transfused adult homozygous (SS) sickle cell patients. We used both a single stage and a dual stage disposable pathway and varied rotor speed, collection port, and collection interface independently. The patients' baseline percentage HbS ranged from 28 to 64% (mean = 46%); post exchange values ranged from 19.1 to 46% (mean = 32%). Thirty-three of 34 specimens collected from the white cell or platelet port showed a higher percentage of HbS in the collection line compared to simultaneous patient samples. Mean enrichment was 9.4% (range = 4.0 to 35.5%). There was an inverse relationship between the hemoglobin concentration and the percentage of HbS in the collected specimens (p = 0.001; N = 45). Differential separation of sickle cells should decrease the volume of blood required for partial red cell exchange of selected SS patients. PMID- 6681484 TI - The lack of prognostic significance of biopsies after radiotherapy for prostatic cancer. PMID- 6681485 TI - Subendocardial versus transmural myocardial infarction: clinical comparison and review. PMID- 6681486 TI - Mortality from peptic ulcer in Singapore 1938-1980. PMID- 6681487 TI - Penetrating wounds of the abdomen and chest. An analysis of 107 consecutive cases. PMID- 6681488 TI - An estimation of sodium chloride intake by adults in Singapore. PMID- 6681489 TI - Altitude decompression sickness. PMID- 6681490 TI - Puerperal psychiatric illness. PMID- 6681491 TI - Vomiting after anaesthesia for termination of pregnancy in Chinese. PMID- 6681492 TI - Enuresis in children. PMID- 6681493 TI - Blast injuries of the ear. PMID- 6681494 TI - "Limy bile"--case report and review of literature. PMID- 6681495 TI - Adenocarcinoma-in-situ of the cervix. A case report. PMID- 6681496 TI - Foeto-maternal transfusion. A case report. PMID- 6681497 TI - [Clinical study of urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract. 1: Primary renal pelvic tumors]. AB - Forty primary renal pelvic tumors treated at our University between 1963 and 1981, were reviewed retrospectively. The conclusions of this study are as follows. Sex and age distribution of the patients were 30 males and 10 females (3: 1), and average age was 60.5 years old. The major symptoms were hematuria and flank pain; however, palpable mass was rare. The majority of patients were admitted to our clinic within 6 months from manifestation of symptoms. The major findings of IVP were non-functioning kidney and filling defect. The positive rate of urinary cytology was 46.7%. Total nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff was performed in 20 out of 32 cases. Histologically, 29 cases were transitional cell carcinoma and 4 cases were squamous cell carcinoma with renal calculi. Simultaneous urothelial tumors were seen in 10 cases, 3 in the ureter and 7 in the bladder. A subsequent ureteral tumor was found in one out of 12 cases in which ureters were resected incompletely, and 7 subsequent bladder tumors were found out of 32 cases receiving surgical treatment in the follow-up period. The 5 year survival rate by the actuarial method was 75.9%. Among several factors, grade and stage of the tumor were the most influencing factors for prognosis. An effective method of post-operative treatment could not be established. PMID- 6681498 TI - [Clinical study of urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract. 2: Primary ureteral tumors]. AB - Twenty-five primary ureteral tumors treated at our University between 1963 and 1981, were reviewed retrospectively. The conclusions of this study are as follows. Sex and age distribution of the patients were 18 males and 7 females (2.6: 1), and average age was 63.04 years old. The major symptom was hematuria. The majority of the patients were admitted to our clinic within 6 months from manifestation of symptoms. The major finding of IVP was non-functioning kidney. The positive rate of urinary cytology was 63.2%. Total nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff was performed in 21 out of 23 cases. Histologically, 22 cases were transitional cell carcinoma and one case was squamous cell carcinoma. Simultaneous urothelial tumor was found in 13 cases in the bladder. Most of the ureteral tumors (63.6%) were found in the lower third segment of the ureter. Subsequent urothelial tumors were seen in 3 bladders and one urethra out of 22 cases receiving surgical treatment in the follow-up period. The 5-year survival rate by actuarial method was 39.4%. Among several factors, grade and stage of tumor were the most influencing factors for prognosis. An effective method of post-operative treatment could not be established. PMID- 6681499 TI - [Concentration of antimicrobial agents in male genital organs]. AB - The relationship between the concentrations of various antimicrobial agents in the genital organs of male rats, serum, liver and kidney after oral administration, intramuscular infusion and i.v. infusion were systematically compared and studied. The concentration of Ampicillin in human prostatic tissues after intramuscular infusion was also measured. The drug concentration in the prostatic tissues after oral administration of nalidixic acid (20 mg/kg) was highest 21.5 micrograms/g (2-hour value) which was about 4 times the serum level, followed by chloramphenicol, Cefalexin, Ampicillin, piromidic acid and erythromycin. The concentration of Ampicillin and Cefaloridine in the prostatic tissues after intramuscular infusion was high, but the concentration of Cefazolin, was low after both intramuscular infusion and i.v. infusion. The drug concentration in the prostatic tissues after i.v. infusion of Cefaloridine, Erythromycin, and Ampicillin was high. The concentration of Erythromycin was high only after i.v. infusion. The concentration of both Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin in the blood, and in the prostatic tissues were low. Of the drugs tested, the concentration of Ampicillin in human prostatic tissues was the highest being about 8 micrograms/g at 60 minutes after intramuscular infusion, which was about 40% of its concentration in the blood. The concentrations of antimicrobial agents in the epididymis and testis of the rats were low. Even the relatively high values were only about 10% of the concentration in the blood. The concentration of nalidixic acid in the prostatic tissues was 4 times as high as that of Piromidic acid. In summary, the antimicrobial agents showing high concentrations in the prostatic tissues were nalidixic acid by oral administration, Ampicillin and Cefaloridine by intramuscular infusion, and i.v. infusion, which showed relatively high concentrations in the blood. Irrespective of the route of administration, the concentrations of Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin in the male genitals were low. The drug concentration in the testis was very low irrespective of the chemotherapeutic and administration form. This seems to signify the presence of the so-called blood-testis barrier to protect the important function of spermatogenesis. PMID- 6681500 TI - [A clinical study of renal tumors]. AB - Seventy one patients with renal tumors treated at our clinic during the 11 years from 1970 to 1980 were clinically examined. The results are summarized as follows. The frequency of patients with renal tumors was 0.22% of the outpatients and 1.72% of the inpatients. Of the 71 renal tumors, 41 were renal adenocarcinoma, and 26 were renal pelvic tumors of which 23 were transitional cell tumors, 2 were squamous cell tumors, and 1 was adenocarcinoma. The other tumors were 1 adenoma, 1 hemangioma, 1 hematoma, and 1 foreign body granuloma. The right and left kidneys were affected at equal frequencies. Male patients were more commonly affected, the sex ratio being 39 to 32. The youngest case was a 29 year-old female, and the eldest was a 84-year-old male. As the initial symptoms and chief complaints, gross hematuria was most frequent (52 cases, 73.2%), followed abdominal tumor mass (32 cases, 45.1%), and fever (26 cases, 36.6%). Only 2 cases showed the classic triad, while 1 case had none of them. The period between onset of symptoms and admission, was within 1 year for all patients except for 2 cases. Metastasis was found in 52 cases. The lung was the most frequent site of metastasis (12 cases, 23.1%), followed by lymphnodes, bones, and liver. The clinical examinations performed and diagnostic techniques used were, renal function (BUN, Serum Cr), Hb, WBC, liver function (T. Bil, GOT, GPT), serum protein fraction, serum LDH, serum Ca, ESR, tumor marker (AFP, CEA), urine cytological examination, blood pressure, IVP (or RP), angiography. As the therapeutic method, nephrectomy was performed in 25 cases (35.2%), combined nephrectomy and irradiation therapy in 12 cases (16.9%), combined nephrectomy and chemotherapy in 11 cases (15.5%), combined nephrectomy and other therapy in 15 cases (21.1%), and conservative therapy in 8 cases (11.3%). For the entire traced series of renal tumors, the 1-, 3-and 5-year survival rates were 72.3, 49.8, and 49.8% respectively. For renal parenchymal tumors (renal adenocarcinoma), the 1-, 3-and 5-year survival rates were 77.8, 53.0, and 53.0%. The most important factor of prognosis was the stage of tumor. Patients with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and dysproteinemia also had distinctly unfavorable prognosis. In this study of therapy, the highest survival rate was seen for the patients treated by combined nephrectomy and irradiation therapy of both renal parenchymal and pelvic tumors. PMID- 6681501 TI - Effect of herb medicines for urolithiasis on urinary oxalate excretion in rats. AB - The oxalate content in choreito and urocalun, both herb medicines, is minimal, and their contents of Ca, Mg, and P are also small. A rat experiment was performed to clarify their effect on oxalate excretion. They did not seem to have any adverse effect on urinary oxalate excretion. They had no diuretic effect and did not promote urinary oxalate excretion in rats. Therefore, they can be used in stone-formers for long periods. PMID- 6681502 TI - Studies on the permeability of drugs through vesical wall. The fifth report: experiences with intravesical formalin administration. AB - When some drug is injected into the bladder, it has been found to permeate through the bladder wall, and appear in the serum. Similarly, formaldehyde, which is in some clinical cases injected into the bladder on hemostatic purposes, could produce side effects if a large part of its injected dose is transferred into the serum. We, therefore measured the transfer of the agent into the serum in both experimental animals and human patients. Formaldehyde was found to be transferred into the serum through the bladder of rabbits with cystitis, but only a trace of it appeared in the serum through the normal bladder. The injection of 10 ml of a 10% solution of formaldehyde to rabbits with cystitis was followed by a peak level of 8 gamma/ml in the serum. Judging from this level, the same amount injected to humans would not be high enough to cause any particular problems. In the actual study, the formaldehyde level in the serum of human patients was not detectable by the assay method used. PMID- 6681503 TI - [Two cases of renal arteriovenous fistula]. AB - The first case was a congenital renal arteriovenous fistula in a 33-year-old woman and the second case was a secondary renal arteriovenous fistula in a 67 year-old man. Both cases were seen with asymptomatic gross hematuria without any cardiovascular symptoms. In case 1, the arterial stage of right selective renal angiogram demonstrated a cirsoid type arteriovenous fistula in the right kidney; then, partial nephrectomy was performed. Angiogram of case 2 demonstrated arteriovenous fistula in the lower part of the right kidney. In this case arterial embolization was performed. After reviewing the literature, we believe that partial nephrectomy or arterial embolization is the most useful operative procedure to treat almost all cases of the cirsoid type renal A-V malformation. Conservative treatment of arteriovenous fistula has increased during the post 10 years. PMID- 6681504 TI - [Fracture of the penis: a report of four cases]. AB - Four cases of fracture of the penis were treated surgically at our department between 1978 and 1982. No functional disorder has been observed in any case after the treatment. One hundred and ninety cases diagnosed as fracture of the penis reported in the Japanese literature were reviewed and their pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy were discussed. PMID- 6681505 TI - [Familial vesicoureteral reflux]. AB - Between August 1979 and January 1983, 43 cases of primary vesicoureteral reflux were treated in our hospital. Among them 9 cases of 4 families occurred familially. They were all siblings: 3 boys and 6 girls aged between 2 years and 10 years. Five cases except for 4 probands of each sibling were discovered after aggressive prospective family study, but they had no clinical symptoms that suspected vesicoureteral reflux; one of them was found to be in a preuremic condition. The other 2 siblings were examined by a prospective family study but demonstrated no vesicoureteral reflux. Therefore, vesicoureteral reflux could be demonstrated in 5 of the 7 siblings who had been examined by a prospective family study. This rate was significantly high (71%). Discussion is made about the necessity of prospective family study to discover asymptomatic patients with vesicoureteral reflux in the family, and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 6681506 TI - [A case of seminal vesicle cyst associated with ipsilateral renal dysplasia and ectopic ureter opening into seminal vesicle]. AB - A case of seminal vesicle cyst associated with ipsilateral renal dysplasia and ectopic ureter opening into seminal vesicle was experienced recently in our clinic. The case was a 14-year-old boy with the chief complaint of macrohematuria. Left kidney was not visualized in the excretory urogram and no evidence of left renal artery was seen in the abdominal aortogram. On cystoscopy the left ureteral orifice as well as the left half side of the trigone were not detected and this region appeared elevated, suggesting an extrinsic mass displacing the posterior bladder wall. The right ureteral orifice was normal. CT scan and echogram showed the mass in the retrovesical region. The seminal vesiculogram demonstrated a seminal vesicle cyst and reflux up the left dilated ureter. After left nephroureterovesiculectomy was performed, renal dysplasia and a seminal vesicle cyst were histopathologically confirmed. The definitions in the literature for seminal vesicle cyst with maldeveloped kidney and ectopic ureter opening into the seminal vesicle with maldeveloped kidney are somewhat confusing, and they should be standardized for proper diagnosis and treatment of such cases. PMID- 6681507 TI - [Eosinophilic cystitis: a report of 2 cases]. AB - Two patients with eosinophilic cystitis are presented in this report. The first case was a 39-year-old man who was admitted to our clinic with complaints of pollakisuria, pain on urination and hematuria for a month, which had not been relieved by antibiotic therapy. He had both a family and a personal past history of allergy. Excretory urograms showed a mild bilateral hydroureter and small bladder with irregular filling defects. Cystoscopic examination revealed velvety, ulcerated areas in the bladder mucosa, and we diagnosed these changes as eosinophilic cystitis after bladder biopsy. Steroid and antihistaminic therapy improved these symptoms. The second case was a 67-year-old woman who visited our clinic complaining chiefly of hematuria for 2 months. There was no predisposition to allergy, but she had a past history of uterine cancer which had been treated with irradiation. Cystoscopic examination disclosed a large amount of intravesical coagula, and erythematous and edematous areas with petechiae of the bladder mucosa. Bladder biopsy revealed hemangioma and eosinophilic cystitis. There was no recurrence of cystitis after the removal of the coagula without any other treatment. PMID- 6681508 TI - [A case of vesical endometriosis]. AB - Endometriosis of the bladder is an uncommon disease, but is common in gynecology. A 34-year-old woman visited us to be explored for the cause of microscopic hematuria and proteinuria, but gross hematuria had never been observed. Cystoscopic examination revealed a great number of pea size, hemispheric cysts on the trigone and the posterior wall of the bladder. Histopathological examination of the specimen taken by TU-biopsy showed vesical endometriosis. Danazol (17 alpha-Pregna-2, 4-dien-20-yno[2,3-d] isoxazol-17-ol) was given to induce menostasia and thereafter endoscopic findings and subjective symptoms were improved. Seventy-five cases of vesical endometriosis in the Japanese were reviewed. PMID- 6681509 TI - [A case of renal lymphoma]. AB - A 74-year-old man was admitted to our hospital, complaining of gross hematuria and complete urinary retention. Right nephrectomy and suprapubic prostatectomy were performed under general anesthesia. On the second postoperative day, acute renal failure developed and peritoneal dialysis was begun. But, unfortunately he died the next day. Pathological diagnosis was malignant lymphoma infiltrating to the perirenal and periadrenal adipose tissue. PMID- 6681510 TI - [Renal tuberculosis with a contralateral renal adenocarcinoma: a case report]. AB - A 62-year-old man, who complained of gross hematuria, was admitted because of a space occupying lesion of the right kidney and left non-visualizing kidney on IVP. The right pyelogram was compressed laterally, and the left pyelogram showed a moth-eaten appearance of the middle and lower calyces which was consistent with tuberculosis. Abdominal aortography revealed a hyperneovascularization over the middle and upper portions of the right kidney. CT-scan revealed a low density area of the right kidney and left atrophic kidney. No distant metastases were disclosed by bone scanning, liver scanning, lymphangiographic and chest X-ray studies. Bilateral nephrectomy was performed because the right renal tumor occupied the main renal artery. Hemodialysis was started on the next day. Postoperative course was uneventful. Histological examinations of the surgical specimen revealed a right renal adenocarcinoma and left renal tuberculosis. We discuss the pathogenesis and treatment of the combination of renal tuberculosis and malignant tumor. PMID- 6681512 TI - [Statistic study of 1,272 cases of foreign bodies in the bladder or urethra]. AB - The foreign bodies in the bladder or urethra found in the clinical observation of the 41 cases treated between April, 1963 and October, 1982, in our Department and those of 1,231 cases so far reported in Japan, were studied statistically. The incidence was higher in males than in females, the ratio being 1.7:1. This ratio has been unchanged for the past 20 years. Of the foreign bodies removed, the cases of wax and rubber objects have been on the decrease. The urethra has come to occupy an increasingly large percentage of the introductory routes during the past 20 years. Removal through the urethra has become more common owing to the development in the transurethral appliances. PMID- 6681511 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis: a case report]. AB - A 63-year-old man who had undergone gastric resection for gastric carcinoma in June 1981, had a dull pain in the right flank and nausea on June 2, 1982. Excretory urograms showed spontaneous rupture of the right pelvis. Metastasis or invasion of the gastric carcinoma to the right ureter was suspected. On June 9, 1982, percutaneous nephrostomy guided by ultrasound was performed. After the nephrostomy, antegrade pyelogram revealed no extravasation of the contrast medium. PMID- 6681513 TI - [Reflections on the concept of activity in chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6681514 TI - Freeze-fracture analysis of plasma membrane cholesterol in Duchenne muscle. AB - We estimated cholesterol in Duchenne muscle plasma membrane using the sterol specific ligand digitonin. In measuring the extent of digitonin-cholesterol complex formation with freeze-fracture electron microscopy, we found a significantly greater proportion of surface area taken up by complexes in Duchenne muscle (60% +/- 9%) than in controls (36% +/- 4%). This finding suggests that a population of Duchenne muscle fibers has a higher concentration of cholesterol in the plasma membrane. Membrane cholesterol is known to affect membrane deformability and the activity of membrane-bound enzymes and transport proteins; thus a difference in membrane cholesterol might account for structural and functional abnormalities in Duchenne plasma membrane. PMID- 6681515 TI - Finger tourniquet. PMID- 6681516 TI - Farm and ranch injuries in west Texas. PMID- 6681518 TI - External monitoring for fetal hypoxia. PMID- 6681517 TI - The effectiveness of prophylactic anticonvulsants following neurosurgery. AB - One hundred and two patients who underwent supratentorial procedures for neurosurgical conditions, which are known to carry a high incidence of postoperative seizures, have been given prophylactic anticonvulsant medication. This preliminary analysis has failed to demonstrate any dramatic effect on the postoperative incidence of seizures in the first six months as the result of this policy. There has been a high incidence of serious side effects, but compliance has not been a major problem. This long-term study is continuing, though with a modified protocol. PMID- 6681519 TI - Subcellular distribution of plasminogen activator in cultured human fibrosarcoma cells. PMID- 6681520 TI - Extensive myocardial fiber disarray in aortic and pulmonary atresia. Relevance to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Myocardial fiber disarray is a distinctive histopathologic finding seen in asymmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We studied 14 hearts with aortic atresia and intact interventricular septum, six hearts with pulmonic atresia and intact interventricular septum, eight normal infant hearts matched for age of the study hearts, and one nonadult heart with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and asymmetric hypertrophy and quantitatively analyzed tissue sections through both ventricles and the septum. Normal hearts had an average overall fiber disarray of 8.7% (range 3.8-17%) of the left ventricle including septum. Hearts with pulmonary atresia had an overall disarray of 70.4% (range 13-97%) of the entire right ventricle, and those with aortic atresia 62.1% (range 26-97%) of the left ventricle. The one infant heart with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy showed 15.5% disorder of the left ventricular free wall, 75% disorder of the septum and 47% overall myocardial fiber disarray. Thus, while quantitative criterion distinguished normal from abnormal hearts, they did not distinguish among the various pathologic states. Although extensive myocardial fiber disarray is not exclusive to, or pathognomonic of, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, it is a useful finding taken in the context of the overall disease. The sensitivity and specificity of this isolated morphologic observation as an indication of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be misleading. PMID- 6681521 TI - Photoperiod and sexual maturation of the female lamb: early exposure to short days perturbs estradiol feedback inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion and produces abnormal ovarian cycles. PMID- 6681522 TI - Development of radioimmunoassays for ovine neurophysins. Correlation of neurophysin release with oxytocin- and vasopressin-related stimuli. AB - Specific homologous RIAs for the ovine neurophysins (oN-I/II, oN-III) were established; the assays had a sensitivity capable of measuring basal levels of the pituitary proteins in sheep plasma. Reduction in blood volume of ewes caused a 200-fold increase in oN-III with minimal changes in oN-I/II levels. After infusion of either hypertonic saline or nicotine, a similar specific increase in oN-III was observed, occurring at a time when the free water clearance rate decreased. Intramuscular administration of estradiol benzoate caused an increase in jugular plasma oN-I/II concentrations without affecting the oN-III concentrations. In one of six lactating ewes, there was an increase in oN-I/II during suckling. The release of oN-I/II, which was accompanied by small increases in oN-III, exhibited a pulsatile profile similar to that reported for the secretion of oxytocin under similar conditions. During vaginal distension, increases in intramammary pressure were accompanied by elevations in levels of oN I/II and oN-III. It is concluded that oxytocin-related events are associated predominantly with the release of oN-I/II and that stimuli that induce vasopressin release also cause elevation of oN-III. These correlations are consistent with our previous conclusion from biochemical and amino acid sequence analysis of the oNs. PMID- 6681523 TI - Hypothalamic progestin receptors: evidence for two classes of high affinity binding sites. PMID- 6681525 TI - Regulation of heterologous IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody responses in mucosal associated lymphoid tissues of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected mice. PMID- 6681524 TI - Radioimmunoassay of testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin in humans: a reassessment of normal values. AB - Antiserum against human testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin (hTeBG) was prepared in rabbits, and its specificity was demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. A RIA for the measurement of hTeBG in serum was developed. With this assay, hTeBG was readily measured in 1-2 microliters serum. Interassay coefficients of variation for pools of serum from men, women, and women in late pregnancy were 7.7%, 5.5%, and 6.1%, respectively. Interassay coefficients of variation for the same pools were 10%, 12%, and 12%, respectively. The TeBG levels in a number of nonselected subjected determined by the present method show good correlations with those obtained by steady state polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and dextran-coated charcoal assay. The concentrations of TeBG determined by the RIA in sera from men, women, and women in late pregnancy were 18 +/- 9 (n = 12), 54 +/- 13 (n = 8), and 374 +/- 55 (n = 6) pmol/ml (mean +/- SD), respectively. PMID- 6681526 TI - Myocardial dysfunction in hypothyroid children. AB - Eleven children with primary hypothyroidism were studied by echocardiography. Eight patients had pericardial effusion. Systolic time intervals (preejection period-ejection time ratio and left ventricular isovolumic contraction time) were suggestive of abnormal myocardial function. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy without left ventricular out-flow obstruction (ventricular septal-left ventricular posterior wall diastolic thickness ratio, greater than 1.3) was present in two hypothyroid children. After full replacement therapy, these cardiac abnormalities reversed to normal. Our data suggest that the myopericardial response to hypothyroidism in children is similar to that seen in adults. PMID- 6681527 TI - 8-Hydroxyamoxapine and ejaculatory impairment. PMID- 6681528 TI - Surgical management of subaortic stenosis. AB - The two most common causes for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction are discrete fibromuscular membrane (DMS) and idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS). From 1955 to 1980, 195 patients were seen with subaortic obstruction, 50 of whom required operation. Thirty patients had excision of a subaortic membrane; 20 had resection of the hypertrophic muscular obstruction. The average preoperative gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract was 79 mm Hg. Postoperatively 40 patients were catheterized; two had gradients over 40 mm Hg, and both were in the DMS group. There were four operative and six late deaths (mean follow-up, 8.5 years), five occurring in the IHSS group (25%) and one in the DMS group (3.5%). Recurrent symptoms required reoperation in three patients with IHSS and one with DMS. Both groups benefitted from operation, but those with DMS had a better overall survival rate and fewer postoperative symptoms than those with IHSS. PMID- 6681529 TI - Intrauterine stroke in the neonate. PMID- 6681530 TI - Human platelet cytoskeletons: specific content of glycolipids and phospholipids. AB - The lipid composition of platelet cytoskeletons was analyzed. Triton X-100 (0.5%) was used to prepare cytoskeletons from thrombin-treated platelets. The lipid/protein ratio of platelet cytoskeletons was 0.260 and the phospholipid/protein ratio was 0.177, which were comparable to the ratios present in platelets. However, there was a selective enrichment of platelet lipids in platelet cytoskeletons. Only 2 of the 5 major platelet phospholipids were detected. About 14% platelet sphingomyelin and 2% platelet phosphatidylcholine were present in platelet cytoskeletons. Only 1 of the 4 platelet neutral glycolipids, trihexosyl ceramide, was detected and was about 7% of that in intact platelets. Two percent of platelet hematoside, the predominant ganglioside in platelets, was found in cytoskeletons. Six percent of platelet cholesterol was present in platelet cytoskeletons, while no other neutral lipid could be detected. The study demonstrates that the lipid/protein ratio of platelet cytoskeletons is similar to that in platelets, but the composition of cytoskeleton lipids is specific and distinctly different from that in platelets. The selective glycolipid and phospholipid composition of cytoskeletons may be important for cytoskeleton and platelet function. PMID- 6681531 TI - Elevated platelet-associated IgG in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6681532 TI - "And how's your sex life"? PMID- 6681533 TI - Clinical pharmacology of intraarterial cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). AB - After intraarterial (30 patients) or i.v. (seven patients) administration of cis diamminedichloroplatinum, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to measure platinum concentrations in plasma and urine. Arteries infused included hepatic (seven patients), carotid (six patients), iliac (ten patients), brachial (three patients), and femoral (four patients). All patients received i.v. mannitol. Pharmacokinetic parameters after intraarterial administration were similar to those after i.v. administration, although differences existed for different intraarterial routes of administration. Mean for all patients combined were: Co, 2.67 +/- 0.97 (S.D.) microgram/ml; t1/2 beta, 71.1 +/- 26.6 hr; clearance, 0.72 +/- 0.25 liters/hr/sq m; total volume of distribution, 45.2 +/- 17.0 liters/sq m; C x t, 167 +/- 72 mg/hr/liter; and 24-hr urinary excretion, 20 +/- 10% of the administered dose. Intrahepatic infusion of the drug was associated with a significantly lower Co (1.88 +/- 0.50 g/ml) and C x t (140 +/- 25 mg hr/liter) and significantly higher clearance (0.91 +/- 0.24 liters/hr/sq m) and volume of distribution (67.6 +/- 4.6 liters/sq m) than administration by other routes, suggesting first pass extraction of drug by liver. In addition, an apparent minor late rise in serum platinum concentration may suggest enterohepatic recirculation of drug. High fluid intake was associated with a low Co and a high volume of distribution, consistent with expansion of the central compartment by fluids. Low serum albumin (less than 3.5 g/dl) was associated with significant shortening of the t1/2 beta (50.5 +/- 21.6 hr), suggesting that the amount of unbound filterable drug may possibly be higher in patients with low serum albumin concentrations. Plasma from veins draining an infused area has a higher Co and C x t during infusion than concurrent plasma from peripheral veins. Thus, intraarterial administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum results in increased drug exposure of tumor in the infused area without substantially decreasing exposure of systemic tumor. PMID- 6681534 TI - Hemodynamic effects of verapamil in children and adolescents with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - The acute hemodynamic effects of verapamil were evaluated in nine children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Verapamil, 0.1 mg/kg, was administered as an i.v. bolus over 2 minutes, followed by a 20-minute continuous infusion of 0.007 mg/kg/min. Hemodynamic measurements were obtained at rest in nine patients and at maximal supine bicycle exercise in seven before and 15 minutes after verapamil. At rest, verapamil increased the mean cardiac output from 3.3 +/- 0.9 to 3.7 +/- 0.9 l/min/m2 (+/- SD) (p less than 0.02) and decreased left ventricular end diastolic pressure from 19.3 +/- 8.1 to 14.5 +/- 6.9 mm Hg (p less than 0.006). In six patients with resting left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, the systolic pressure gradient decreased from 17.5 +/- 7.2 to 5.2 +/- 4.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.04). Repeat supine bicycle exercise testing after verapamil showed increases in total work performed (1743 +/- 1284 to 3168 +/- 1643 kg-m, p less than 0.006) and maximal cardiac index during exercise (6.5 +/- 1.3 to 7.8 +/- 1.8 l/min/m2, p less than 0.05), and decreases in maximal exercise left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (29.1 +/- 10.1 to 19.3 +/- 10.4 mm Hg, p less than 0.002) and left ventricular systolic outflow tract gradient (31.2 +/- 10.5 to 1.75 +/- 1.7 mm Hg, p less than 0.04). These results suggest that verapamil may be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children. PMID- 6681535 TI - Effects of substrate concentration on results of determination of prostatic acid phosphatase with thymolphthalein monophosphate. AB - The relation between concentration of thymolphthalein monophosphate substrate and catalytic activity was investigated for the determination of prostatic acid phosphatase. This study, an extension of previously reported work (Clin. Chem. 27: 1372, 1981), shows that lot-to-lot variation in purity of thymolphthalein monophosphate preparations is reflected in substrate-velocity curves. Plateau regions in these curves at 1.5-2.5 g/L result from the combined effects of (a) substrate concentrations that are an order of magnitude below Km and (b) a further decrease in available substrate caused by formation of substrate aggregates in the presence of serum. To simplify the identification of superior lots of thymolphthalein monophosphate, we give a mixed-substrate protocol for testing different lots. PMID- 6681536 TI - Simulation of peak pineal melatonin release restores sensitivity to evening melatonin injections in pinealectomized hamsters. AB - In intact hamsters held on LD 14:10, pineal melatonin production and release peaks late in the evening. If these animals receive a daily injection of melatonin approximately 8 h before the endogenous peak (at the time of lights out), they respond with testicular regression. Pinealectomized hamsters receiving only this evening injection do not respond. The hypothesis tested here is very simple: replacement of the pineal melatonin rhythm in pinealectomized hamsters with a daily melatonin injection at the time of peak melatonin release in intact hamsters should reestablish sensitivity to evening (lights out) injections of melatonin. Conversely, melatonin replacement at times other than this should be ineffective. Pinealectomized hamsters maintained on LD 14:10 (lights 0600 - 2000 h) were injected with melatonin (15 microgram) at the time of the endogenous melatonin peak (2 h prior to lights on) and in the evening (0.5 h prior to lights out). This injection paradigm produced a rapid testicular regression that appears to be dependent on the timing of melatonin injections with respect to the animal's circadian system. Two daily injections given with the same frequency (8.5 h apart) but during a different time of the day were not effective. The results suggest that rhythmic sensitivity to melatonin is not affected by removal of the pineal, and that this gland serves as the source of endogenous melatonin, which must be present at the proper time for exogenous injections of melatonin to produce testicular regression. PMID- 6681537 TI - Antiviral and antitumor compounds from tunicates. AB - Tunicates provide a rich source of biologically active compounds with potentially useful medicinal properties. The most interesting compounds identified thus far are the didemnins, depsipeptides from a Caribbean Trididemnum species, which are potent inhibitors of L1210 leukemia cells in vitro and are also active in vivo against P388 leukemia and B16 melanoma. In addition the didemnins inhibit growth of a variety of RNA and DNA viruses in vitro and protect mice infected intravaginally with herpes simplex virus type 2. Didemnin B, a derivative of didemnin A, is far more active than A, which argues for the likelihood of further useful chemical modifications in the series. PMID- 6681538 TI - Effects of culture age on symbiotic infectivity of Rhizobium japonicum. AB - The infectivity of the soybean symbiont Rhizobium japonicum changed two- to fivefold with culture age for strains 110 ARS, 138 Str Spc, and 123 Spc, whereas culture age had relatively little effect on the infectivity of strains 83 Str and 61A76 Str. Infectivity was measured by determining the number of nodules which developed on soybean primary roots in the zone which contained developing and preemergent root hairs at the time of inoculation. Root cells in this region of the host root are susceptible to Rhizobium infection, but this susceptibility is lost during acropetal development and maturation of the root cells within a period of 4 to 6 h (T. V. Bhuvaneswari, B. G. Turgeon, and W. D. Bauer, Plant Physiol. 66:1027-1031, 1980). Profiles of nodulation frequency at different locations on the root were not affected by the age of the R. japonicum cultures, indicating that culture age affected the efficiency of Rhizobium infection rather than how soon infections were initiated after inoculation. Inoculum dose-response experiments also indicated that culture age affected the efficiency of infection. Two strains, 61A76 Str and 83 Str, were relatively inefficient at all culture ages, particularly at low inoculum doses. Changes in infectivity with culture age were reasonably well correlated with changes in the proportion of cells in a culture capable of binding soybean lectin. Suspensions of R. japonicum in water were found to retain their viability and infectivity. PMID- 6681539 TI - Decrease in mitogen responsiveness of mononuclear cells from peripheral blood after epinephrine administration in humans. AB - A single subcutaneous injection of 0.2 mg epinephrine into healthy human subjects caused a transient lymphocytosis in peripheral blood. Mononuclear cells (MNC), isolated at various times after epinephrine administration, were cultured in the presence of mitogens. The blastogenic responses to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were significantly reduced for up to 60 min post epinephrine (p less than 0.05); the response to concanavalin A (Con A) was reduced in the 15-min samples only. All responses returned to pre-injection levels by 120 min post-injection. Removal of adherent monocytes from MNC isolates before culture did not restore normal mitogen responsiveness. When MNC were cultured in the absence of mitogens, there was no difference in survival between pre- and post-epinephrine samples. Incubation of untreated MNC for 2 hr or 18 hr in vitro with various concentrations of epinephrine (10(-5) to 10(-1) mg/ml) had no effect upon the subsequent blastogenic response to mitogens. Other workers have reported that epinephrine administration causes alterations in the composition of the circulating lymphocyte pool. Taken together, these data suggest that the reduction in mitogen responsiveness after epinephrine is the result of changes in the distribution of lymphocyte subclasses in peripheral blood. PMID- 6681540 TI - Anti-cell surface pemphigus autoantibody stimulates plasminogen activator activity of human epidermal cells. A mechanism for the loss of epidermal cohesion and blister formation. AB - Binding of anti-cell surface pemphigus autoantibodies to cultured human epidermal cells stimulates synthesis and secretion of plasminogen activator (PA). Increases in PA activity were detected within 6 h of the addition of IgG and stimulation was dependent upon IgG concentration. Stimulation of PA activity was inhibited by cycloheximide, which indicates that synthesis of protein was necessary. Pharmacological doses of dexamethasone also prevented IgG-induced stimulation of PA. Electrophoretic profiles of PA secreted by cultured human epidermal cells in the presence or absence of pemphigus IgG were similar. The majority of the PA activity comigrated with the higher-molecular-weight species of human urokinase (approximately 55,000). Explants of normal human skin incubated with pemphigus vulgaris IgG displayed loss of epidermal cohesion similar to that observed in patient biopsies. The histologic changes were potentiated by the inclusion of human plasminogen. Loss of epidermal cohesion in normal skin explants incubated with pemphigus foliaceous IgG was dependent upon the addition of plasminogen and was inhibited by aprotinin or lima bean trypsin inhibitor, which indicated that plasmin is the active enzyme in producing acantholysis. These data support the hypothesis that stimulation of PA by the anti-cell surface autoantibodies of pemphigus results in a localized increase in plasmin, which through proteolysis produces the loss of epidermal cohesion characteristic of pemphigus. PMID- 6681541 TI - Withdrawal tolerance and unidirectional non-cross-tolerance in narcotic pellet implanted mice. AB - Analgesic ED50 values were determined for s.c. morphine, etorphine, heroin and methadone in mice implanted for 3 days with etorphine pellets. Tolerance to morphine (9-fold) was greater than to the other agents (2- to 4-fold). These results agreed with the previously reported unidirectional non-cross-tolerance effect seen after morphine pellet implantation where tolerance to the hydrophilic agent (morphine) was greater than for the more lipophilic agents (etorphine and heroin). As greater tolerance was found to s.c. morphine than for i.c.v. morphine, this manifestation of tolerance was described as a dispositional tolerance. Experimentally, we were able to observe two additional manifestations of tolerance. After pellet removal, the ED50 values for s.c. morphine, heroin and methadone initially increased before returning to control values. Similarly, both morphine and etorphine ED50 values, after i.c.v. administration, initially increased after pellet removal. Because this second manifestation of tolerance occurred during the rapid disappearance of the tolerance-induction drug, it was called withdrawal tolerance. The third manifestation of tolerance, seen after 3 days of pellet implantation, was characterized by the animal's return to a normal nociceptive sensitivity (control tail-flick latency) in the continued presence of the narcotic pellet. Because this adjustment involved an adaptation by the mice to high brain concentrations of narcotic, this third manifestation of tolerance was designated as a physiologic or homeostatic tolerance. The lability of this new homeostatic state (physiologic tolerance) may be associated with an altered sensitivity to naloxone as evidenced by naloxone-induced jumping (precipitated withdrawal). PMID- 6681542 TI - Membrane-glycogen complexes in rabbit extraocular muscle. AB - Analysis of 432 electron micrographs of membrane-glycogen complexes revealed that: (1) Golgi apparatus is closely associated with 4.2% of the complexes, such associations occurring irrespective of the degree of glycogen loading in the complex. (2) Apparent ribosomes are seen in association with about 30% of the complexes, either attached to membranes or enclosed between cisternae. (3) In longitudinal sections of the muscle fibers, complexes may form columns which extend for as much as 40 microns along the fiber. (4) Various cytoplasmic organelles may become enclosed within a complex. (5) Some cisternae of a complex may assume the form of randomly oriented tubules, in contrast to the typical systematic array of flattened cisternae. (6) Some cisternae of a complex may become distended in a wide and uneven manner, in contrast to the typical narrow and even distension. PMID- 6681543 TI - Estrogen replacement in the menopause. Council on Scientific Affairs. PMID- 6681544 TI - Effectiveness of differential leukocyte count in case finding in the ambulatory care setting. AB - The value of the differential leukocyte count in case finding in the ambulatory care setting was evaluated by retrospectively reviewing 799 encounters resulting in complete blood cell counts. Four hundred seventy-five differential leukocyte counts, of which 63 were abnormal, met criteria for case finding. No clinically inapparent disease was discovered through the use of these tests. These data suggest that the quantitative cell counts of the differential leukocyte examination may be of no value in case finding in the ambulatory care setting. PMID- 6681545 TI - Augmentation ventriculoplasty for treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Augmentation ventriculoplasty has the theoretical potential of partially altering abnormal diastolic properties by enlarging the left ventricular cavity and increasing the end-diastolic volume. This procedure was employed in a 26-year-old woman with symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Postoperatively, she had increased cardiac output and an improvement in clinical symptoms. We conclude that this procedure may be useful in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who have not responded to traditional medical and surgical therapy. PMID- 6681546 TI - High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin for post-transfusion purpura. PMID- 6681547 TI - An evaluation of ambulatory, cassette EEG monitoring: I. Montage design. AB - Ambulatory EEGs using cassette tape recorders have only four channels. Questions have been raised about the limitations this imposes on detection of focal interictal epileptiform events. A review of EEGs from inpatients undergoing prolonged monitoring demonstrated an overwhelming representation of these abnormalities in the frontal and anterior temporal scalp regions. Three-channel montages were designed to sample these regions and were tested by simultaneously recording them with multichannel montages. Successful montages combining a frontal transverse and two longitudinal channels adequately detected 74 to 100% of interictal epileptic events. PMID- 6681548 TI - Hyperviscosity-induced dementia. AB - Dementia was the presenting symptom in a patient with increased serum viscosity secondary to multiple myeloma. Plasmapheresis led to complete resolution of the neurologic syndrome. Serum hyperviscosity should be added to the growing list of reversible causes of dementia. When hyperviscosity-associated dementia is suspected, both serum and whole blood viscosity determinations are indicated. PMID- 6681549 TI - Dolichols in brain and urinary sediment in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. AB - Long-chain polyisoprenoid alcohols (dolichols) increase more than tenfold from age 5 to 80 years in human cerebral cortex. The dolichol content of brain from infantile, late infantile, and juvenile forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) was significantly higher than in age-matched patients with other neurologic diseases. Significant increase of dolichols was also found in the urinary sediment in all three types of NCL patients, and this test is useful in making the diagnosis. Dolichol accumulation is the first biochemical marker of NCL and seems to parallel storage of ceroid lipofuscin. PMID- 6681550 TI - High intravenous phenytoin dosage requirement in a newborn infant. AB - A term neonate was being treated with intravenous phenytoin. To maintain a serum level above 10 micrograms per milliliter and abolish seizure activity, it was necessary to carry out repeated serum concentration measurements, administer several loading doses, and administer an unusually large maintenance dose (25 mg per kilogram per day), divided into a short dosing interval (6 hours). Declining serum levels from postnatal days 8 to 13 on a constant dose of 9 mg per kilogram per day suggested that the rate of phenytoin metabolism was gradually increasing; rapid elimination was documented on day 18 by a half-life measurement of 8.8 hours from three samples. The changing pharmacokinetics were attributed to maturation of oxidative metabolism of phenytoin, concurrent phenobarbital administration, or both. The need for additional loading doses and maintenance dose increases must be guided by serum concentration measurements to obtain maximum benefit with minimal risk of toxicity. PMID- 6681551 TI - Spectrophotometric analysis of CSF after subarachnoid hemorrhage: limitations in the diagnosis of rebleeding. AB - We studied the course of CSF xanthochromia after subarachnoid hemorrhage by serial spectrophotometric analysis of lumbar CSF in 15 patients without clinical or CT evidence of rebleeding. The xanthochromic index rose in some patients up to the seventeenth day, and the proportion of oxyhemoglobin or the absolute concentration of hemoglobin often fluctuated. Therefore, rebleeding can be demonstrated in lumbar CSF only by increased xanthochromia, if previous samples had shown a decrease. These criteria could be applied in only 6 of 17 consecutive patients with rebleeding as demonstrated by CT, and they were met in 5. PMID- 6681553 TI - The familial nature of MS. PMID- 6681554 TI - Clonazepam therapy in reading epilepsy. PMID- 6681552 TI - Folate supplements and phenytoin-salicylate interaction. AB - We found biphasic fluctuations of serum phenytoin level when aspirin was added to chronic phenytoin therapy for an epileptic patient. The total serum phenytoin level was lowered initially by addition of aspirin. However, after 4 months on phenytoin-aspirin combination therapy, he showed elevated serum phenytoin levels, mild nystagmus, and serum folate deficiency. PMID- 6681555 TI - Treatment of hypertensive encephalopathy. PMID- 6681556 TI - Jugular foramen syndrome. PMID- 6681557 TI - Nonketotic hypoglycemia: an early indicator of systemic carnitine deficiency. AB - In systemic carnitine deficiency, an early phase of nonketotic hypoglycemia and liver dysfunction may precede a late phase of encephalopathy and myopathy. We studied two children with recurrent episodes of nonketotic hypoglycemia who were found to have systemic carnitine deficiency without myopathy or encephalopathy. Early institution of appropriate therapy prevented the onset of late debilitating complications in one patient, whereas therapeutic noncompliance in the other patient led to an episode of encephalopathy and myopathy. Metabolic studies indicated that decreased availability of alanine may be a factor in the genesis of hypoglycemia; concurrent depletion of cerebral glucose, ketones, and glycogen may be the cause of the encephalopathy. PMID- 6681558 TI - Neoplastic angioendotheliosis: a case with spontaneous regression and radiographic appearance of cerebral arteritis. AB - Neoplastic angioendotheliosis (NA) of the CNS is usually characterized by systemic vascular disease and a rapidly fatal course. We report a 52-year-old woman with dementia, spasticity, and sensory deficits developing insidiously over a year. Diagnostic findings included small CT lucencies in the brain and angiographic irregularities of medium-sized arteries (resembling cerebral arteritis). Brain biopsy revealed numerous small infarcts as well as pleomorphic, highly malignant tumor cells within cerebral meningeal vessels. Without treatment, she experienced only slight increase of dementia before death from pneumonia. At autopsy, there was almost complete regression of the intravascular cerebral tumor. The clinical course was unusual for the length of illness and the radiographic picture of cerebral vasculitis. Clinical features often present with NA--such as strokelike events, elevated sedimentation rate, renal impairment, and fever--were notably absent. PMID- 6681559 TI - Intra-blood-brain barrier measles virus antibody synthesis in multiple sclerosis patients. AB - Antibodies to nine viruses were measured in serum and CSF of MS patients, patients with other neurologic diseases (OND), and healthy controls. The extent of antibody production inside the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was determined by making a new correction for BBB permeability. Compared with OND and healthy controls, MS patients as a group had significantly higher corrected CSF:serum antibody ratios for measles virus but not to the other eight viruses studied. The incidence of significantly high CSF:serum ratios for measles antibody in MS patients was 50%, and in the other two control groups it was 0 to 12%. The incidence of corrected antibody ratios to the other eight viruses was not significantly different among the three groups. PMID- 6681560 TI - Salla disease: a new lysosomal storage disorder with disturbed sialic acid metabolism. AB - Salla disease is a lysosomal storage disorder associated with increased urinary excretion of free sialic acid. The main clinical features in 34 patients were severe psychomotor retardation of early onset, ataxia, athetosis, rigidity, spasticity, and impaired speech. Growth retardation, thick calvarium, and exotropia were present in about half the patients. The amplitude of EEG decreased progressively with increasing age. Life span appears to be normal; the age range of the patients was 3 to 63 years. Genealogic studies suggest an autosomal mode of inheritance. A thin-layer method is described for the detection of increased urinary free sialic acid excretion. The basic defect is so far unknown. PMID- 6681562 TI - Joseph disease in a non-Portuguese family. AB - We studied four patients with Joseph disease in a Japanese family. There were two clinical types in the family. One was characterized by pyramidal and cerebellar signs with or without extrapyramidal signs; the other, by cerebellar signs, loss of tendon reflexes, and peripheral sensory loss. The family tree indicated autosomal-dominant inheritance. Neuropathologic examination revealed marked degeneration of the substantia nigra, dentate nuclei, Clarke column, and anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. This is the first report of pathologically proven Joseph disease in a non-Portuguese family. PMID- 6681561 TI - Deficiency of phospholipase C acting on phosphatidylglycerol in Niemann-Pick disease. AB - We examined the degradation of a labeled phosphatidylglycerol (PG) by fibroblasts from a normal control and a patient with Niemann-Pick (NP) disease. The control homogenate had both phospholipase A and phospholipase C activities toward PG, but NP cells had only phospholipase A. The PG phospholipase C of control fibroblasts was solubilized by sonication and freezing and thawing, was most active at pH 5.0, and was inhibited by Ca2-, detergents, sphingomyelin, and 5' AMP. Assay of PG phospholipase C in fibroblast cultures from NP patients with sphingomyelinase deficiency (three designated type A and four type B) confirmed absence of activity, whereas cultures from NP patients without sphingomyelinase deficiency (three designated type C and one with neurovisceral lipidoses and vertical supranuclear ophthalmoplegia) had activities close to those of normal controls. These findings substantiate previous observations of low phosphodiesterase activities in NP disease and suggest that the enzymatic function affected by the NP genes includes specificity toward PG and sphingomyelin. Deficiency of PG phospholipase C may explain the accumulation of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in NP disease. PMID- 6681563 TI - An evaluation of ambulatory, cassette EEG monitoring: II. Detection of interictal abnormalities. AB - Although they are clearly useful for generalized ictal events, the ability of ambulatory, cassette EEG systems to detect interictal abnormalities routinely remains in question. The EEGs of 25 patients have been simultaneously monitored by cable telemetry and Oxford Medilog recorder, using a three-channel montage. Output from the cassette recorder amplifiers was of high fidelity compared to cable telemetry, and EEG reproduction from tape suffered only minimal signal degradation. Ambulatory EEG detection rate for interictal abnormalities averaged 85% and was commensurate with the montage design study. Perceptual demand during video scanning, including the recognition of normal transients and artifacts, was addressed as an important limiting factor. Ambulatory EEG monitoring by cassette recorder appears to be a useful intermediate-level screening technique for epileptiform abnormalities, both ictal and interictal. PMID- 6681564 TI - Lipomembranous polycystic osteodysplasia (brain, bone, and fat disease): a genetic cause of presenile dementia. AB - Progressive presenile dementia with lipomembranous polycystic osteodysplasia was first described by Jarvi and Hakola in an isolated region of Finland. We report the occurrence of this disorder in 4 of 10 siblings in an American family of Czechoslovakian ancestry. Characteristics of the disease include multiple bone cysts with pathologic fractures, progressive dementia with seizures and abnormal EEG, calcification of basal ganglia, and death in the fourth to six decades. Autosomal-recessive inheritance is likely. Electronmicroscopy of fat cells reveals peculiar membrane convolutions. Limited neuropathologic material has shown gliosis and demyelination of white matter, senile plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. Leukemia and a disorder of intestinal motility may be associated findings. Prevalence of the disorder is unknown, partly because it may be confused with Alzheimer disease and fibrous dysplasia of bone. Radiographs of hands and feet should be part of the evaluation of patients with unexplained presenile dementia. PMID- 6681565 TI - Mounding phenomenon: an experimental study in vitro. AB - "Mounding" is a local contracture of skeletal muscle that is induced by tapping the muscle directly. We studied the mounding phenomenon in vitro on rat muscles that were percussed by a rotating hammer. In the bulged portion of muscle, there were scattered areas where the sarcomere length was shortened. After muscle was depolarized by the application of KCl-Ringer solution or relaxing solution, the mounding phenomenon was preserved. Agents that abolish the function of T-tubule or T-SR junction did not alter the phenomenon, either. However, after the function of intracellular membrane system such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was destroyed by Brij 58, the mounding disappeared. Thus, the mounding is a local contracture that is probably induced by calcium ion liberated from the SR by percussion. PMID- 6681566 TI - Acute flaccid neonatal paraplegia: a case report. AB - A 3-day-old neonate became acutely and irreversibly paraplegic below L1/L2 after umbilical artery catheterization. The paraplegia was attributed to infarction of the spinal cord because of thrombosis of the artery of Adamkievicz or injection of drugs through the catheter into the spinal cord circulation. Catheterization of a more peripheral artery or placement of the umbilical catheter tip at a lower level in the aorta may prevent similar complications. PMID- 6681567 TI - Neurologic complications associated with Yersiniosis. AB - Despite worldwide appearance of Yersinia enterocolitica infections, very little is known about the possible neurologic manifestations associated with this disease. We describe two patients who developed neurologic complications from yersiniosis. One had brachial plexus neuropathy (neuralgic amyotrophy), and the other developed the clinical picture of myelitis. The possibility of yersiniosis behind neurologic manifestations related to infectious diseases of uncertain origin should be recognized. PMID- 6681568 TI - The role of technetium-99m iminodiacetic acid (IDA) cholescintigraphy in acute acalculous cholecystitis. AB - Technetium-99m iminodiacetic acid (IDA) cholescintigraphy was performed in 15 patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis. Fourteen of the 15 patients with acute disease had positive findings, indicating the presence of cystic duct or common duct obstruction. One case in which the gallbladder was visualized failed to respond to sincalide stimulation; this was classified as a suggestive finding of disease. The diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc-IDA cholescintigraphy was far superior to the other imaging studies used (8 sonograms, 1 intravenous cholangiogram, 3 oral cholecystograms, 1 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram). The 99mTc-IDA study is recommended as the imaging procedure of choice for examining patients with suspected acute acalculous cholecystitis. PMID- 6681569 TI - Work in progress: clinical evaluation of Tc-99m-trimethylbromo-IDA and Tc-99m diisopropyl-IDA for hepatobiliary imaging. AB - Six healthy individuals and six patients with a wide range of hepatobiliary function abnormalities were studied with Tc-99m-trimethylbromo-IDA; all normal subjects and four of the six patients were also studied with Tc-99m-diisopropyl IDA. Visual evaluation of analog images demonstrated a greater liver-to-kidney ratio for Tc-99m-trimethylbromo-IDA (p less than 0.01). Sampling for radiopharmaceutical in urine at three hours following injection demonstrated that Tc-99m-trimethylbromo-IDA had a lower renal excretion rate than Tc-99m diisopropyl-IDA regardless of whether hepatocyte function was normal or abnormal (p less than 0.01). There were no significant differences between the two radiopharmaceuticals in hepatocyte extraction efficiency or hepatic parenchymal transit time. It is concluded that the lower rate of renal excretion and, therefore, greater hepatocyte specificity of Tc-99m-trimethylbromo-IDA justifies expanded clinical trials and may make it the radiopharmaceutical of choice for hepatobiliary imaging. PMID- 6681570 TI - Diagnosis of biliary atresia with radionuclide hepatobiliary imaging. AB - Sixteen patients with biliary atresia and 11 patients with neonatal hepatitis were studied preoperatively with either Tc-99m-diethyl-IDA or TC-99m-diisopropyl IDA. Two parameters were evaluated: hepatocyte clearance and time to appearance of radioactivity in the intestine. Two observers, using a visual grading system of 1 to 4, gave the 16 patients with biliary atresia a hepatocyte clearance grade of 1.7 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SD); intestinal radioactivity was not seen through 24 hours. The hepatocyte clearance grade of the 11 patients with neonatal hepatitis was 2.1 +/- 0.9 (mean +/- SD) (p greater than 0.05); intestinal radioactivity was seen in nine of 11 patients (p less than 0.001). Using both parameters, 91% of the patients were classified correctly, 4% were misclassified, and 6% were classified as indeterminate; sensitivity and specificity for biliary atresia were 97% and 82%, respectively. Radionuclide imaging with the newer technetium-99m labeled hepatobiliary radiopharmaceuticals appears promising for the noninvasive diagnosis of biliary atresia. PMID- 6681571 TI - Differential classical conditioning of a defensive withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica. AB - The defensive siphon and gill withdrawal reflex of Aplysia is a simple reflex mediated by a well-defined neural circuit. This reflex exhibits classical conditioning when a weak tactile stimulus to the siphon is used as a conditioned stimulus and a strong shock to the tail is used as an unconditioned stimulus. The siphon withdrawal component of this reflex can be differentially conditioned when stimuli applied to two different sites on the mantle skin (the mantle shelf and the siphon) are used as discriminative stimuli. The differential conditioning can be acquired in a single trial, is retained for more than 24 hours, and increases in strength with increased trials. Differential conditioning can also be produced within the field of innervation of a single cluster of sensory neurons (the LE cluster) since two separate sites on the siphon skin can serve as discriminative stimuli. The finding that two independent afferent inputs that activate a common set of interneurons and motor neurons can be differentially conditioned restricts the possible cellular loci involved in the associative learning. PMID- 6681572 TI - Neurological maturity at birth in the growth-retarded twin fetus. PMID- 6681573 TI - Hormone studies in patients with the Martin-Bell syndrome. PMID- 6681574 TI - Naturally occurring lethal parvovirus infection of juvenile and young-adult rats. AB - A lethal disease characterized by hemorrhage and necrosis of the brain, testes, and epididymides developed in young adult rats housed in specific pathogen free quarters. Morphological, virological, and serological investigations of the outbreak indicated that the probable causative agent was rat virus (Kilham), a common parvovirus of rats that usually induces persistent, asymptomatic infection in adult rats. PMID- 6681575 TI - Unusual long-term survival following cardiac arrest in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6681576 TI - Angiographic evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6681577 TI - Determination of vitamin A in blood. Some practical considerations on the time of collection of the specimens and the stability of the vitamin. AB - The stability of vitamin A and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in serum separated from the clot at different times after blood extraction and the effect of ingesting a vitamin A-rich breakfast on postprandial serum levels of retinol, carotenoids, and RBP were investigated. In the stability trials, venous blood was drawn from 12 well-nourished young adult subjects and sample aliquots were maintained, respectively, at 4 degree C or at room temperature (26 to 28 degrees C). The serum was separated from the clot either immediately after blood clotting or at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after blood extraction. Serum retinol and RBP were stable either at 4 degrees C or at room temperature, even if the serum was separated from the clot 24 h after blood extraction. In the breakfast experiment, seven young adult subjects ingested a meal containing 291 microgram of retinol equivalents. The serum levels of retinol, carotenoids, and RBP were measured pre- and postprandially up to a period of 4 h. The ingestion of the breakfast meal did not alter significantly the postprandial serum levels of retinol, carotenoids, or RBP. These results are of practical importance for the performance of vitamin A nutrition surveys involving field work, when as is common, blood specimens cannot be collected under fasting and, in addition, they have to be transported from far away localities to the laboratory. PMID- 6681578 TI - Acute otitis media. One year in general pediatric practice. AB - Diagnosis and treatment of otitis media (OM) occupied approximately one third of a pediatrician's time between October 1978 and October 1979. Of 4,602 office visits for sickness, 18% involved a diagnosis of acute OM, and an additional 14% were for follow-up of OM. Incidence was highest in March and lowest in July August. The 830 episodes involved 677 children aged 1 week to 17 years: 40% were 24 months old or younger, and 12% were 60 months old or older. Pain and querulousness were absent in 24% of those brought in for mild upper respiratory tract infection, and fever (38.2 degrees C or higher) was absent in 75% of the study group. Of 650 children who returned ten days later for reevaluation, 50% had otoscopic or tympanometric signs of OM with effusion. PMID- 6681579 TI - Fetal breathing movements. An update for the pediatrician. AB - Although the presence of fetal breathing movements (FBMs) has been suspected for almost a century, the major advances in the field were made during the last decade. Experimental animal techniques of detection include instrumentation of fetuses with electronic recording equipment. Human studies use more indirect, although no less accurate, A-mode or real-time B-scan ultrasonography in the recording of FBMs. The fetus does not make breathing movements continuously; however, there are periods of FBMs interspersed with periods of apnea. Inherent to FBMs is a diurnal variation. Hypoxia and hypoglycemia diminish FBMs, while hypercarbia and hyperglycemia have the opposite effect. Caffeine, barbiturates, and general anesthetics modify FBMs by their influence on the CNS. Preliminary studies have shown the presence of FBMs to indicate a state of fetal well-being. Possibly, in the future, testing for FBMs may become a useful clinical tool in the identification of the fetus at risk. PMID- 6681580 TI - Uterine venous, peripheral venous, and radial arterial levels of prostaglandins E and F in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension. AB - Patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension have higher prostaglandin (PG) F concentrations in radial arterial blood (0.39 +/- 0.03 ng/ml) than control subjects (0.24 +/- 0.03 ng/ml) and higher (PGE plus PGF) concentrations in uterine venous blood obtained at the time of cesarean section (1.62 +/- 0.18 versus 1.03 +/- 0.12 ng/ml in the control group). The present results suggest that both PGE and PGF production by the uterus in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension is increased but that catabolism of PGF by the lung is compromised; this permits larger quantities of the vasoconstrictor PG to pass into the systemic circulation, where it may cause hypertension directly or indirectly, by association with other vasoactive substances. PMID- 6681581 TI - Enzymatic screening of human uterine cervical biopsies in nonpregnant and pregnant women at parturition. AB - Twelve enzymatic activities, involved in the metabolism of proteins, collagen, glycosaminoglycans, or in the energy metabolism, were studied in 72 cervical biopsies obtained after delivery of the placenta and in 12 cervices obtained by hysterectomy in nonpregnant patients. Although these activities display high interindividual variations, they are greatly and significantly increased at parturition as compared to the nonpregnant state, with the exception of creatine kinase, which is maximum in cervices obtained from nulliparous nonpregnant women. The activities are low in the group of women who are 35 to 40 years old. The other studied factors (blood group, parity, pregnancy duration, labor length, treatment, state of the cervix at the 9-month examination) have no clear influence on the enzymatic levels. The results are discussed in relation to the well-known structural changes of the cervix at parturition. PMID- 6681583 TI - A 3-nitro triazole as a hypoxic cell sensitizer. PMID- 6681582 TI - Demonstration of inflammatory mediator-induced inflammation and endothelial cell damage in the anterior segment of the eye. AB - Although some investigations have demonstrated the ability of inflammatory mediators, including vasopermeability and chemotactic factors, to induce acute inflammatory reactions in vivo, little is known about the response of various elements of the anterior segment to the direct effects of inflammatory mediators. These studies were initiated to develop models for the investigation of inflammatory responses in this region of the eye. Acute inflammatory reactions were induced within the rabbit anterior chamber by intracameral injection of 50 microliters of various inflammatory mediators and were evaluated by clinical grade, leukocyte influx into the aqueous humor, and morphologic changes in the corneal endothelium. Peak responses were recorded following injection of 10(-4) M formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP); 5 ED50 C5fr; 0.5 mg/ml C5; undiluted anti-red blood cell (RBC) serum; and 10(-5) M histamine. The number of leukocytes per milliliter of aqueous humor induced by each mediator was quantitated by comparison with the number of leukocytes induced by buffer instillation into a separate group of rabbits (mediator-induced influx/buffer induced influx). Comparisons were made 24 hours after instillation of mediators. The results of these studies were as follows: buffer alone, 1.0; fMLP, 3.1 C5fr, 61.0; C5, 8.7; anti-RBC, 91.0; and histamine, 24.0. Clinical grades correlated well with these ratios. In addition, differences were noted when the time kinetics of acute responses induced by two different mediators (10(-4) M fMLP, a synthetic preformed chemotactic factor; and a 1:5 dilution of anti-RBC, which binds to vascular and corneal endothelial cells) were directly compared over 48 hours. Responses induced with fMLP peaked between 5 and 8 hours and resolved rapidly, whereas anti-RBC-induced responses peaked between 8 and 12 hours and resolved very slowly. Histopathologic analysis indicated that both fMLP and anti RBC induced a similar sequence of changes in the corneal endothelium. Within 2-3 hours after instillation of either mediator, the endothelial cells exhibited prominent vacuolization/retraction phenomena. At the peak of leukocyte influx PMNs filled these vacuoles, then migrated back into the aqueous humor within several hours. Normal morphologic features were recovered following clearance of leukocytes from the anterior chamber. We believe that these models will be useful in identifying the roles of individual mediators in acute and chronic endocular inflammation and in the injury of corneal endothelium. PMID- 6681585 TI - Measurement of the motor nerve conduction velocity: precise method of estimating maturity in newborn. PMID- 6681584 TI - Improvement of the hairless mouse screening model for antipsoriatic drugs. PMID- 6681586 TI - Changes in plasma vitamin A in lactating and non-lactating oral contraceptive users. AB - Plasma vitamin A and retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations have been studied in women using oral contraceptives (OC) for up to 4 years. In eight women taking an oestrogenic OC(1 mg of norethisterone acetate + 50 micrograms of ethinyloestradiol) values almost doubled within 6 months, but diminished somewhat after 4 years. Saturation of RBP with retinol remained fairly constant. Five lactating women who took progestogen-only OC (30 micrograms of levonorgestrel or 350 micrograms of norethisterone) showed no significant alteration in plasma vitamin A or RBP concentrations as compared with nine lactating non-OC users. All lactating women showed significant differences between the highest and lowest plasma vitamin A (P less than 0.005) and RBP (P less than 0.05) concentrations during the first 6 months of lactation. Highest values occurred 11-12 weeks postpartum and the lowest at 15-17 weeks. Percentage saturation of RBP with retinol was significantly higher (P less than 0.005) when vitamin A concentration was highest. PMID- 6681587 TI - Severe diabetic retinopathy in adolescents. AB - This paper reports on 9 patients aged 13-18 years (mean 15.4) with severe diabetic retinopathy. Two patients were prepubertal and 4 were going through puberty. Hypertension was present in 2 patients, while 4 had proteinuria. Severe preproliferative disease was present in 3 patients initially and proliferative retinopathy in the remainder. In 5 this retinopathy was considered to be florid. Two patients seen prior to 1975 had pituitary ablation, while those seen after 1975 were treated by extensive argon and xenon arc photocoagulation. Proliferative lesions regressed in both groups. At the latest follow-up 7 of the 9 patients achieved a final visual acuity of 6/9 or better in at least one eye. One patient became blind. Proliferative retinopathy advances rapidly in adolescents, but photocoagulation, as used now, can maintain vision in most. PMID- 6681588 TI - A new life-long hemorrhagic disorder due to excess plasminogen activator. AB - A life-long bleeding disorder is described, characterized by hemorrhage occurring after surgery, injury, or dental extraction, and finally by spontaneous intracerebral bleeding. No abnormality of platelet function or plasma coagulation was demonstrable, but grossly enhanced overall fibrinolytic activity was present. The patient had, additionally, a hyperlipidemia with gross arterial atheroma and a family history of myocardial infarction but not of any hemorrhagic disorder. Laboratory studies led to the conclusion that the enhanced fibrinolysis was due to consistently greatly raised levels of a plasma plasminogen activator physically and immunologically related to that in human tissues and blood vessel endothelium. No deficiency of any known inhibitor of fibrinolysis was detected. Free plasmin was not detectable in functional assays but continuous intravascular plasmin generation clearly occurred as evidenced by presence of plasmin-alpha 2 antiplasmin complexes and of fibrin/fibrinogen-related antigens. Excessive production of plasminogen activator appeared to have occurred throughout life and to be independent of the hyperlipidemia. The pathologically increased fibrinolytic activity may have accounted for the complete absence of detectable thrombotic vascular occlusion at autopsy despite extensive arterial disease with severe narrowing of coronary and cerebral arteries. PMID- 6681589 TI - Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. PMID- 6681590 TI - A study of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, cis-platinum, and methotrexate in advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. AB - Twenty patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract were treated with cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, Adriamycin (doxorubicin) 40 mg/m2 and cis-platinum (CDDP) 40 mg/m2 given every three weeks for 2 cycles, alternating with methotrexate 40 mg/m2 weekly for six weeks (CAP M). Five of thirteen (38%) evaluable patients responded, with a significant prolongation of survival. Toxicity in 18 evaluable patients was mild to moderate. Methotrexate can be combined with CAP with significant reduction in dosage of cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and CDDP and reduced toxicity, without major loss of efficacy. The precise role of methotrexate in combination chemotherapy of bladder cancer remains to be defined. PMID- 6681591 TI - Chemotherapy for metastatic transitional carcinoma of the urinary tract. A prospective trial of methotrexate, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (MAC) with cis-platinum for failure. AB - Fifty-two patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary tract were treated with methotrexate, Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (MAC). Objective responses lasting at least three months were seen in 15 (two CR, 13 PR) of 38 patients with measurable disease (response rate = 39%, with 95% confidence limits 24-57%). Median duration of response was six months (range, 3 12 months). In addition, there was clinical or other evidence of response for greater than or equal to 3 months in four of 14 patients with evaluable but nonmeasurable lesions. Sixteen patients who failed or relapsed after MAC chemotherapy received cis-platinum and none responded. MAC chemotherapy can provide significant palliation to some patients with TCC and is usually better tolerated than cis-platinum. PMID- 6681592 TI - Ototoxicity associated with cis-platinum in three chemotherapy multi-drug regimens. AB - Hearing threshold differences postcis-platinum, relative to precis-platinum levels, were studied in 21 men from a Veterans Administration Medical Center. These patients had previously untreated advanced epidermoid cancers of the head and neck. Each patient received one of three drug combinations: (1) cis-platinum, Oncovin, and bleomycin (n = 9); (2) cis-platinum and 5-fluorouracil (n = 7); or (3) cis-platinum and bleomycin (n = 5). Wide variations in prechemotherapy hearing thresholds prevented analysis among various drug combinations. Therefore, the three groups were pooled to compare the thresholds by frequency. The frequencies tested and analyzed were: 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz, and 8000 Hz. Significant differences were found at 2000 Hz (P less than 0.01) and 8000 Hz (P less than 0.05). Any existing ototoxic effects of cis-platinum may have been overridden by already high prechemotherapy hearing thresholds at 4000 Hz. Since 2000 Hz was most sensitive to the ototoxic effects of cis-platinum it is suggested that this frequency be monitored routinely as a part of standard chemotherapy assessment. PMID- 6681593 TI - Angiosarcoma of the vagina: a clinicopathologic report. A reappraisal of the radiation treatment of angiosarcomas of the female genital tract. AB - A first case of angiosarcoma of the vagina is described. Review of medical literature fails to show any documented cases of primary angiosarcoma of the vagina. Because of its rarity, no definite treatment could be suggested. The guideline for the management of this disease can only be drawn from several previously reported angiosarcomas of the uterus, cervix, and pelvis. It is recommended that a combined form of external irradiation and intracavitary brachytherapy be used after removal of the tumor. PMID- 6681595 TI - Histomorphometric analysis of sclerotic bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma special reference to osteomalacia. AB - Transiliac undecalcified bone biopsy specimens were taken after tetracycline double labeling from 14 patients with radiologic evidence of osteosclerotic metastases from prostatic carcinoma. The histomorphometric analysis showed an increased trabecular bone volume in all patients, and in seven morphologic and dynamic evidence of osteomalacia (Group 1). The seven other patients demonstrated an extension of apposition surfaces without evidence of osteomalacia (Group 2). Group 1 was different from Group 2 in terms of a greater increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and a lower urinary calcium. In four Group 1 patients, a second bone sample taken after two to six months of treatment with vitamin D and calcium provided evidence of improving osteomalacia. The high incidence of osteomalacia in osteosclerotic metastases of prostatic origin appears to be the result of the increase in bone formation induced by prostatic cells, and the unability to satisfy the high calcium demand for new bone. PMID- 6681594 TI - Cutaneous angiosarcoma resembling anaplastic Kaposi's sarcoma in a homosexual man. AB - A 46-year-old man presented with an unusual angiosarcoma of skin and urinary bladder, clinically suggestive of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Histologically, the pattern was that of an anaplastic angiosarcoma with only minimal regions considered characteristic of KS. It is suggested that this rare type of angiosarcoma may be closely related to, if not best classified as, an anaplastic variant of KS. The cutaneous lesions responded to intralesional vinblastine. The association of anaplastic angiosarcoma with homosexual sexual practices should be investigated along with those cases having the classical histologic characteristics of Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 6681596 TI - Vaginal polyps with pseudosarcomatous features. A clinicopathologic study of seven cases. AB - Seven cases of vaginal polyps with atypical stromal cells were investigated. Three of the cases were classified as vaginal rhabdomyoma and four as fibroepithelial polyps with atypical stromal cells. All of the patients were adult women with minor or no symptoms. None of the tumor recurred or metastasized. The recognition of the vaginal polyps with bizarre stromal cells is important in order to avoid misdiagnosis of sarcoma, particularly botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma. PMID- 6681597 TI - Release of a 6-oxoprostaglandin E1-like substance from human platelets. AB - 1. Human platelet-rich plasma incubated at 37 degrees C generates an antiaggregatory prostaglandin which is spasmogenic on gastrointestinal smooth muscle. 2. Platelet-rich plasma from female donors generated more biological activity and was more sensitive to the anti-aggregatory activity of added prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) compared with that from age-matched male controls. 3. After thin-layer chromatography of extracted platelet-rich plasma, biological activity was detected in a zone which co-chromatographed with 6-oxoprostaglandin E1. 4. Neither extracted platelet-rich plasma nor authentic 6-oxoprostaglandin E1 were inactivated following incubation with purified 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. 5. The relevance of these findings for regulating platelet reactivity is discussed. PMID- 6681598 TI - Cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism in normal and intrauterine growth retarded neonatal piglets. AB - 1. Cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism were measured in conscious, normally grown neonatal piglets and in littermates which had undergone intrauterine growth retardation. 2. Cerebral blood flow was measured by the Kety Schmidt technique using [125I]iodoantipyrine as the tracer. The tissue: blood partition coefficient of this tracer was measured in separate groups of growth retarded and normal animals. Cerebral utilization rates of glucose and oxygen were calculated from the arteriovenous concentration differences on the Fick principle. 3. The mean body weight of the growth retarded animals was about half that of their normally grown littermates, and liver weight was reduced in proportion. Brain weight was slightly but significantly lower in the growth retarded animals. 4. Cerebral blood flow was lower in the growth retarded piglets but the rates of cerebral utilization of oxygen and glucose were not significantly different in the two groups. The fractional extraction of arterial oxygen by the brain was significantly higher in the growth retarded animals. 5. The partition coefficient of iodoantipyrine was significantly lower in the growth retarded animals, being about 75% of the normal value. It is clear that had the partition coefficients been assumed to have been the same in both groups the calculated cerebral blood flows would have been identical. 6. It is concluded that growth retarded neonatal piglets have relatively normal sized brains, with a rate of glucose and oxygen consumption that is not significantly different from normal, despite a reduction in cerebral blood flow of about 35%. Consequently the fractional extraction rate of arterial oxygen by the brain is increased from 50% to 70%. PMID- 6681599 TI - Nocturnal hypoxaemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - 1. Day and night arterial oxygen saturation (Sao2) has been measured in forty-one patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), mean FEV1 0.84 (range 0.4-1.4)litres, and with a range of daytime Sao2 values of 67-95%. 2. The mean and biggest falls in Sao2 at night were much greater in the patients with lower daytime saturations. However, when falls in arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) were estimated from the decreases in Sao2, there was no correlation between the estimated biggest fall in Pao2 and daytime Sao2 and only a weak correlation between estimated mean fall in Pao2 and daytime Sao2. 3. Measurement of ventilation in four hypoxaemic patients with COPD (range 60-90% Sao2) by respiratory inductance plethysmography showed that nocturnal hypoxaemic dips were accompanied by diminished ventilation, which was not always shown by nasal thermistors. 4. Because nocturnal hypoxaemic dips are transient the ideal alveolar-arterial oxygen difference, which assumes a constant respiratory exchange ratio, cannot be used to assess the mechanism of hypoxaemia. 5. Erythrocyte mass was strongly correlated with daytime Sao2 but this correlation was not significantly improved by including nocturnal hypoxaemia in the regression. 6. The results suggest that greater falls in Sao2 at night are related to lower initial Sao2 values and that the cause may be a reduction in ventilation. PMID- 6681600 TI - Binding of testosterone and oestradiol to sex hormone binding globulin, human serum albumin and other plasma proteins: evidence for non-specific binding of oestradiol to sex hormone binding globulin. AB - 1. The percentage binding of testosterone (T) and oestradiol (E2) to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and human serum albumin (HSA) was determined over a range of SHBG concentrations of 16-250 nmol of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) bound/l. It was found that the binding of both T and E2 to HSA was a function of their binding to SHBG and bore an inverse relationship to it. After removal of both SHBG and HSA from plasma by affinity chromatography a 'residual' binding of about 11% for T and 12% for E2 was still apparent. In addition to the specific high affinity, low capacity binding of E2 to SHBG, non-specific low-affinity binding of 7-12% was demonstrated after selective denaturation of the specific binding site of the latter. 2. Competition studies indicated that although at the relatively higher levels of SHBG found in the normal female the physiological concentrations of E2, T and DHT need not be taken into account in estimating the unbound fractions of steroids, at the relatively lower levels of SHBG found in normal men and hirsute women, the physiological concentrations of T and DHT are effective in causing statistically significant displacement of E2 from the common, specific binding site on SHBG. 3. A simple computerized technique is described for the determination of fractions of E2 and T respectively, that are unbound to SHBG, unbound to SHBG and HSA, and unbound to all plasma proteins, when the total plasma levels of E2, T, DHT and SHBG are known. PMID- 6681601 TI - Plasminogen activators in tissues of the immature and estrogen-stimulated rat uterus and in uterine luminal fluid: characterization and properties. AB - We have characterized the molecular properties of the plasminogen activators in different cell types comprising the immature and the estrogen-stimulated rat uterus and in rat uterine luminal fluid. There were two plasminogen activators in the immature (day 20) rat uterus with apparent molecular weights, determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, of 70,000 and 46,000. Both plasminogen activators were present in epithelial and in stromal plus myometrial cell fractions of the immature uterus, and after stimulation by 17 beta-estradiol, no new plasminogen activators were detected in either cell fraction. The Michaelis constants (Km) for the activation of dog plasminogen by extracts from epithelial cells and from stromal plus myometrial cells obtained from either immature or 17 beta-estradiol-stimulated uteri were similar (approximately 11 microM). The maximal velocity (Vmax), normalized to protein concentration, increased 2.5-fold in the stromal plus myometrial cell fraction and 6.5-fold in the epithelial cell fraction, upon hormone stimulation (2 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol/day X rat for 3 days). The greatest concentration of plasminogen activator activity was found in the luminal fluid from estrogen stimulated uteri, where the Vmax per mg protein was more than 10-fold greater than that in the cell fractions from estrogen-stimulated uteri. The plasminogen activator activity of luminal fluid was inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and rho-nitrophenyl rho-guanidinobenzoate, was not inhibited by human alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor and human antithrombin III, and was inhibited by high, but not low, concentrations of soybean trypsin inhibitor and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. These studies indicate that the plasminogen activators in different cell types comprising the uterus are similar and show that the estrogen enhancement of uterine plasminogen activator activity is the result of an increase in Vmax. The presence, upon hormone stimulation, of an apparent concentration gradient of increasing plasminogen activator activity through the uterus from myometrium to epithelium to luminal fluid may be a reflection of the dynamic role of this protease in the physiology of the uterus. PMID- 6681602 TI - Synthesis of multiplication-stimulating activity (rat insulin-like growth factor II) by rat embryo fibroblasts. AB - Multiplication-stimulating activity, a family of insulin-like growth factors previously identified in medium conditioned by the BRL-3A rat liver cell line, is also synthesized by third passage cultures of rat embryo fibroblasts (REFs) maintained in serum-free medium. Conditioned serum-free medium from REFs was chromatographed on Sephadex G-75 in 1 m acetic acid, and fractions in the size range of BRL-MSA contained MSA immunoreactivity. A dose-response curve of pooled G-75 fractions was parallel to BRL-MSA standard, and levels in the REF conditioned medium were 0.5-1 microgram/ml. REF-MSA from the Sephadex G-75 pool was equipotent to BRL-MSA in stimulating [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in chick embryo fibroblasts and in stimulating DNA synthesis in REFs, as measured by autoradiography. In receptor binding assays using REFs, chick embryo fibroblasts, Swarm rat chondrosarcoma cells, and rat liver membranes, REF MSA was equal to BRL MSA in competition for binding of [125I]iodo-MSA. REF MSA also behaved identically to BRL MSA in a competitive binding protein assay using binding proteins in rat serum. Further characterization of REF MSA using Bio-Gel P-10 chromatography, followed by high pressure liquid chromatography or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicated that immunoreactive polypeptides in the fibroblast medium corresponded to BRL MSA II (mol wt, 8700) and BRL MSA III (mol wt, 7100). The amount of REF MSA released into the medium increased linearly over time. Cycloheximide decreased the amount of MSA in the medium, and during a recovery period, the amount of MSA returned nearly to control levels. In summary, rat embryo fibroblasts synthesize MSA which is biologically, immunologically, and chemically identical to MSA produced by the BRL-3A rat liver cell line. PMID- 6681603 TI - Endoscopic removal of choriocarcinoma metastasis in a patient with chronic intestinal hemorrhage. AB - A case of teratoma and choriocarcinoma of the testis with a single metastasis to the jejunum is described. The patient had suffered from severe intestinal hemorrhage for several weeks. An uneventful endoscopic removal of the metastasis was performed. The report illustrates that, particularly in young patients, metastatic lesion of the small bowel should be considered a possible cause of intestinal bleeding in patients who have neoplasm. PMID- 6681604 TI - Influence of cis-platinum on healing of enterostomies in the rat. AB - The influence of cis-platinum on the wound healing of bowel anastomoses was studied in 104 male Sprague-Dawley rats. After a single preoperative doses of 5 mg/kg body weight, the wound-breaking strength (WBS) was tested with a material tester on the 4th, 7th, 14th and 28th day postoperatively. The WBS was significantly lower in treated animals as compared to the untreated controls. The reasons for this are discussed in comparison with other cytotoxic agents. Before cis-platinum can be used as adjuvant chemotherapy to cystectomy, which is frequently combined with an ileum or colon conduit procedure, further investigations on the operative side effects of cis-platinum on bowel anastomoses are necessary. PMID- 6681605 TI - Morphine versus haloperidol catalepsy in the rat: an electromyographic analysis of postural support mechanisms. AB - Electromyographic recordings from antagonistic flexor and extensor muscles in the forelegs (biceps and triceps) and hind legs (tibialis and gastrocnemius-soleus) of freely moving rats demonstrated that haloperidol (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and morphine (20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) produced contrasting patterns of rigidity. Haloperidol catalepsy was characterized by increases in frequency, intensity, and duration of simultaneous tonic cocontractions in antagonistic flexor and extensor muscles of the limbs. Such synergistic rigidity suggested the release of an adaptive mechanism involved in static support and the maintenance of stable static equilibrium (the positive supporting reaction of Schoen and Magnus), at the expense of locomotor mechanisms. In contrast, morphine produced antagonistic/reciprocal rigidity, which was insensitive to challenges to static equilibrium, and was compatible with locomotion. Contrary to the haloperidol induced limb postures, which were enhanced supporting reactions, those induced by morphine were "frozen" phases of the step cycle. Haloperidol-induced synergistic rigidity and morphine-induced antagonistic/reciprocal rigidity are discussed as manifestations of contrasting movement subsystems underlying these functionally opposite immobility states. In addition, we present hypotheses concerning supraspinal and spinal mechanisms underlying cataleptic rigidity states, and their relevance as models of parkinsonian rigidity and akinesia. PMID- 6681607 TI - Co-existence of malignant squamous cells and herpes simplex virus type 2-infected cells. AB - A case is presented in which malignant squamous cells and herpes virus infected cells were recognized concomitantly at routine cytologic examination for detection of cervical cancer. Further examinations on admission revealed Stage Ib carcinoma of the cervix and characteristic pathologic changes of herpetic infection in the tumor cell nests. Virus was isolated from the cancerous tissues in the ectocervix following radical hysterectomy, and was identified as herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The typical HSV-2 particles were detected by electron microscopic observation on the infected FL monolayer cells with isolation. Neutralizing antibody levels against HSV-2 declined and remained low after hysterectomy. The HSV-2, isolated and identified, might be considered as "passenger" virus. The role of this isolated virus as an etiologic agent of the cervical cancer was not clear. PMID- 6681606 TI - Effect of hepatic vitamin A depletion on the liver in humans and rats. AB - Multivesicular lysosomes were observed by electron microscopy in 25 of 41 liver biopsies of subjects with various diseases. These organelles were acid phosphatase positive and were limited by a single membrane with a homogeneous electrondense crescent and contained numerous lipidlike particles of different sizes reminiscent of lipoproteins. The lesion was seen in both alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver injury, and was negatively correlated (p less than 0.0001) with hepatic vitamin A: all 18 patients with a hepatic vitamin A level below 80 micrograms/g had the lesion, whereas only 1 of 11 subjects with a hepatic vitamin A concentration higher than 160 micrograms/g displayed multivesicular lysosomes. Unlike its association with low vitamin A level in the liver, the lesion could be seen even in the presence of normal serum values of vitamin A, retinol binding protein, and prealbumin. The relationship between the lowered hepatic vitamin A and multivesicular lysosomes was then demonstrated in rats fed a vitamin A deficient diet: all animals fed the vitamin A-deficient diet displayed the lesion, and addition of ethanol to the deficient diet increased its frequency. Feeding of a vitamin A-deficient diet was also associated with a lowered level of circulating very low density lipoproteins that was further decreased by the addition of ethanol. No multivesicular lysosomes were seen in rats fed a normal vitamin A containing diet (with or without ethanol). In conclusion, multivesicular lysosomes are found in a variety of liver disease states and they are associated with lowered hepatic vitamin A level. PMID- 6681608 TI - Hepatic fibrosis after long-term administration of ethanol and moderate vitamin A supplementation in the rat. AB - Rats were fed up to 9 months diets supplemented with vitamin A in an amount that, by itself, had no apparent adverse effect on the liver. When associated with chronic ethanol administration, vitamin A supplementation strikingly exacerbated ethanol-induced abnormalities: fat accumulation was increased and numerous giant mitochondria were observed. Furthermore, lesions appeared which ethanol alone does not produce in rats, namely necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Vitamin A supplementation increased the number of fat storing cells (lipocytes) which positively correlated with vitamin A accumulation in the liver. However, when vitamin A supplementation was combined with ethanol administration, vitamin A levels in the liver and the number of fat storing cells decreased and numerous myofibroblasts appeared in association with abundant collagen fibers. There was also hepatic inflammation and necrosis, accompanied by a rise in serum glutamate dehydrogenase, SGOT, and SGPT and a decrease in retinol binding protein and vitamin A. We conclude that amounts of vitamin A, which by themselves appear harmless, may produce severe liver lesions when associated with chronic ethanol consumption. PMID- 6681609 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of the chick progesterone receptor proteins. Similar hormone binding domains detected after removal of proteolytic interference. AB - Chick progesterone receptor subunits A and B have been photoaffinity-labeled using [3H]R5020 ([17 alpha-methyl-3H]17,21-dimethyl-19-nor-pregn-4,9-diene-3,20 dione) by a modification of the procedures previously reported by our laboratory (Dure, L. S., IV, Schrader, W. T., and O'Malley, B. W. (1980) Nature (Lond.) 283, 784-786). [3H]R5020 binds to the same receptor sites as authentic progesterone, and has an apparent Kdiss of 2.0 nM. Use of a CuSO4 filter raised the coupling efficiency to 5% and labeled exclusively the receptor proteins. Smaller labeled macromolecules were found to be proteolytic fragments of receptors. The protease(s) could not be inhibited by any of the commonly used protease inhibitors. However, the proteolytic activity was completely removed by passage of crude receptor preparations through phosphocellulose columns. Receptor preparations, photoaffinity-labeled after this procedure, showed exclusively one radioactive band at Mr = 79,000 (subunit A) or Mr = 108,000 (subunit B) with no detectable side-reaction products. Labeled receptors A and B were digested with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease to yield smaller [3H]R5020-protein fragments derived from both. Molecular weight estimates (Mr = 9,500) and apparent isoelectric points indicate similarities of these regions of both A and B. The photoaffinity protocol described here thus provides a method for study of the hormone-binding domain of progesterone receptors and of receptor proteolysis in crude extracts. PMID- 6681610 TI - Resonance Raman spectra of the heme in leghemoglobin. Evidence for the absence of ruffling and the influence of the vinyl groups. AB - Resonance Raman spectra of deoxy and carbonmonoxy leghemoglobin (Lb) are compared to the corresponding forms of human adult hemoglobin (HbA). It is found that the heme "core size" indicator line has nearly the same frequency for the two deoxyhemoglobins and the pi-electron density-sensitive line also falls at the same frequency. However, several other modes occur at very different frequencies in the spectra of the two proteins. From an examination of the spectrum of an HbA derivative in which the beta-carbon atoms of the heme vinyl groups were deuterated, it appears that the major differences between deoxy-HbA and -Lb may result from conformational changes in the vinyl groups. No evidence for the suggested ruffling (Irwin, M. J., Armstrong, R. S., and Wright, P. E. (1981) FEBS Lett. 133, 239-243) in deoxy-Lb was found. The spectra of carbonmonoxy-Lb and HbA were also found to be very different. As in the deoxy case, some of these frequency differences could be attributed to vinyl group conformational differences. However, from the large difference in the pi-electron density sensitive line, it appears that the vinyl pi-conjugation into the porphyrin in Lb(CO) may be different than it is in HbA(CO). The vinyl conformational differences may be a consequence of the looser heme pocket in Lb than in HbA. The difference in pi-conjugation could make a significant contribution to the difference in ligand binding affinity for these two globins. PMID- 6681611 TI - The recruitment of membrane-bound mRNAs for translation in microinjected Xenopus oocytes. AB - Xenopus oocytes were injected with several heterologous mRNAs to investigate specific message recruitment onto polysomes. When large amounts of mRNA such as ovalbumin, which is translated on membrane-bound polysomes, are injected, most of the stable message accumulates in a postpolysomal supernatant. Conversely, when similar amounts of nonmembrane-bound mRNAs such as those which code for adenovirus protein are injected, most of the messages are found in a polysome pellet. Nonpolysomal mRNAs such as zein, ovalbumin, and lysozyme can be recruited onto membrane-bound polysomes by injected rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Only RER, but not Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, or salt-washed RER has such recruiting ability. In addition, the nontranslating messengers can be recruited by injecting the salt wash of the RER. Since most nontranslating mRNAs sediment to regions less than the 80 S monosome, the step at which translational regulation takes place is probably initiation rather than elongation. The mechanism by which recruitment might occur is discussed. PMID- 6681612 TI - Effect of OKY-1581, a thromboxane synthesis inhibitor, on the platelet aggregation and vasodilation induced by injury of mouse pial arterioles. AB - OKY-1581 (sodium [E]-3-[4-(3-pyridylmethyl)-phenyl]-2-methylacrylate) is a known inhibitor of thromboxane synthesis, a class of agents thought potentially useful in treating conditions characterized by platelet aggregation. Doses of 10, 100, and 300 mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally to mice 1 h before their pial vessels were injured by a combination of light from a filtered mercury lamp and intravascular sodium fluorescein. In this model platelet aggregation and arterial dilation are produced. Pretreatment with OKY-1581 had no effect except at the 300 mg/kg dose, which enhanced aggregation as manifested by a decrease in the time required for the noxious stimulus to initiate aggregation. In addition the dilation increased in magnitude as compared with that in controls. The latter result is compatible with a decreased synthesis of thromboxane, a known constrictor of cerebral vessels. However, the enhancement of aggregation by a high dose of OKY-1581 was unexpected and paradoxical. The data do not support the use of thromboxane synthesis inhibitors as therapy for conditions caused by platelet aggregation, but the results may be dependent upon the species, the vascular bed, or the method used to induce aggregation. PMID- 6681613 TI - The long half-life of Morris Greenspan. PMID- 6681614 TI - Dietary components that regulate serum somatomedin-C concentrations in humans. AB - Dietary components responsible for the regulation of somatomedin-C in humans were assessed in five adult volunteers of normal weight who were fasted for 5 d on three occasions, then refed three diets of differing composition. The serum somatomedin-C decreased from a mean prefasting value of 1.85 +/- 0.39 U/ml (+/- 1 SD) to 0.67 +/- 0.16 U/ml at the end of fasting (P less than 0.005). After refeeding for 5 d with a normal diet, the mean serum somatomedin-C increased to 1.26 +/- 0.20 U/ml. A protein-deficient (32% of control), isocaloric diet resulted in a significantly smaller increase, to a mean value of 0.90 +/- 0.24 U/ml (P less than 0.05). A diet deficient in both protein and energy led to a further fall 0.31 +/- 0.06 U/ml. The changes in somatomedin-C during fasting and refeeding correlated significantly with mean daily nitrogen balance (r = 0.90). We conclude that both protein and energy intake are regulators of serum somatomedin-C concentrations in adult humans, and energy intake may be of greater importance. The correlation between changes in somatomedin-C and nitrogen balance suggests that the former are directly related to changes in protein synthesis and may be helpful in assessing the response to nutritional therapy. PMID- 6681615 TI - Thrombolysis with human extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator in rabbits with experimental jugular vein thrombosis. Effect of molecular form and dose of activator, age of the thrombus, and route of administration. AB - A simple venous thrombosis model in rabbits was used for the quantitative evaluation of the thrombolytic effect of human extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator as compared with urokinase.A thrombus was formed in an isolated segment of the jugular vein from a mixture of (125)I-labeled fibrinogen, whole rabbit blood, and thrombin. In order to immobilize the thrombus during lysis, it was formed around a woolen thread introduced longitudinally in the lumen of the vein. Thrombotic extension of the clot was prevented by subcutaneous injection of heparin. The extent of thrombolysis was measured as the difference between the radioactivity introduced in the clot and that recovered in the vein segment at the end of the experiment. In control animals the extent of thrombolysis was 5.6+/-1.4% (n = 5) after 6 h, 14.5+/-1.7% (n = 10) after 30 h, 16.0+/-1.5% (n = 11) after 78 h, and 48.1+/-2.7% (n = 10) after 174 h (mean+/ SEM). Extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator, highly purified from the culture fluid of a human melanoma cell line, was administered systemically or locally over a time period of 4 h and the percent thrombolysis measured 2 h after the end of the infusion. One- and two-chain extrinsic plasminogen activator had very similar thrombolytic potency. Systemic infusion resulted in a dose-dependent degree of thrombolysis. The activator-induced thrombolysis, after infusion of 100,000 IU ( congruent with1 mg protein), was approximately 75% for fresh clots, 35% for 1-d-old clots, 30% for 3-d-old clots, and 50% for 7-d-old clots. The thrombolytic activity of urokinase was more than five times lower than that of extrinsic plasminogen activator: Infusion of 500,000 IU resulted in approximately 40% lysis of fresh clots and 25% of 1-3-d-old clots, while 7-d-old clots appeared to have become resistent to urokinase. Local infusion resulted in a 5-10 times higher thrombolytic effect of both extrinsic plasminogen activator and urokinase. Thrombolysis with extrinsic plasminogen activator was not associated with systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system as evidenced by unaltered plasma levels of fibrinogen, plasminogen, and alpha(2)-antiplasmin. Systemic infusion of urokinase resulted in significant thrombolysis only at doses that were associated with disseminated plasminogen activation. Local infusion of urokinase required a 5-10-fold higher dose than extrinsic plasminogen activator to obtain a similar degree of thrombolysis, which also occurred in the absence of systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system. It is concluded that the extent of thrombolysis by extrinsic plasminogen activator is mainly determined by the dose of activator and its delivery in the vicinity of the thrombus and much less by the age of the thrombus or the molecular form of the activator. Extrinsic plasminogen activator appears to be superior to urokinase because of its higher (5-10-fold) specific thrombolytic activity and the absence of systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system, which results in defibrinogenation and a bleeding tendency. PMID- 6681616 TI - Abnormal regulation of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the X-linked hypophosphatemic mouse. AB - Abnormal vitamin D metabolism has been suspected in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) and X-linked hypophosphatemic mice (Hyp-mice), the murine homologue of the human disease. We compared 25(OH)D-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the Hyp-mouse kidney to that in normal and phosphate-depleted mouse kidney. Weanling normal and Hyp-mice were fed a 0.6% phosphorus diet; phosphate depleted mice received a 0.02% phosphorus diet. At 8-10 wk of age the serum phosphorus values in Hyp (3.35 +/- 0.12 mg/dl) and phosphate-depleted mice (3.83 +/- 0.56) were not significantly different. Despite the similar magnitude of phosphate depletion, however, the maximum levels of 25(OH)D-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity were disparate: phosphate-depleted mouse kidney had profoundly increased activity compared to normal (17.04 +/- .104 vs. 4.96 +/- 0.23 fmol 1,25(OH)2D3 produced/mg kidney per min) while Hyp-mouse kidney had a fourfold lesser increment (8.18 +/- 0.62). These data indicate that phosphate depletion is a potent stimulus of 25(OH)D-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the (C57BL6J) mouse. Moreover, the results show that abnormal regulation of 25(OH)D-1 alpha hydroxylase activity is manifest in the Hyp-mouse. PMID- 6681617 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine, uridine and inosine: high concentrations of the ATP metabolite, hypoxanthine, after hypoxia. AB - CSF obtained for clinical purposes from newborn, children and adults has been analysed by high pressure liquid chromatography for hypoxanthine, xanthine, inosine, uridine and urate. Large rises in hypoxanthine and to a lesser extent xanthine occur for about 24 h after hypoxia. High concentrations were associated with later evidence of brain damage or subsequent death. Changes in CSF could be independent of those in plasma. Small or negligible rises were associated with localised and generalised infections including bacterial meningitis, fits, or both. Marked and rapid rises were found after death. These estimations may "predict" the extent of brain damage or brain death. PMID- 6681618 TI - Detection of Alternaria allergens by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - Allergens involved in sensitivity to Alternaria have not been well defined. We used crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) to study antigens in a crude A. alternata extract, which were capable of binding IgE in human serum. Sera from 35 patients sensitive to Alternaria, 10 not sensitive to Alternaria, and five normal controls were examined. CRIE with hyperimmune rabbit sera demonstrated 22 antigens in the Alternaria extract. After exposure of CRIE gels sequentially with patient serum and 125I-labeled anti-human IgE, autoradiography demonstrated that three of the antigens bound IgE in sera of Alternaria-sensitive subjects. Our results suggest that multiple allergens are involved in A. alternata sensitivity. PMID- 6681619 TI - Organization development in health care. Quality assurance programs. PMID- 6681620 TI - Variations in free secretory component levels in mucosal secretions of the rat. AB - The present studies were conducted to compare the levels of free secretory component (SC) in a number of rat mucosal secretions and to determine whether SC content varies significantly during the four stages of the estrous cycle. Levels of SC, as measured by radioimmunoassay, were markedly different in various external secretions. Bile contained the highest amount, irrespective of whether SC was normalized to volume or protein. Concentrations of SC in saliva or uterine fluid from intact rats were approximately 20- to 30-fold less than measured in bile. When SC levels were normalized to protein, the SC to protein ratios in uterine, vaginal, and respiratory secretions were six to 18 times greater than values calculated in salivary and small intestinal fluids. Analysis of SC levels in mucosal secretions during the estrous cycle indicated significant variations occur in uterine and vaginal samples, but not in saliva or small intestinal secretions. In the uterine lumen, SC levels were highest at proestrus, partially elevated at estrus, and lowest at both days of diestrus. In contrast, vaginal SC levels were maximal at estrus and reduced at all other stages of the cycle. Immunoglobulin A content was also measured in uterine and vaginal secretions during the estrous cycle. Significant changes in IgA levels were found and these coincided with the changing pattern of SC. These results suggest hormones may modulate SC levels in reproductive tissues. In addition, our findings indicate variations in SC during the estrous cycle may direct the movement of IgA from tissue to lumen. PMID- 6681621 TI - Penetration of amphotericin B into the human eye. PMID- 6681622 TI - Pleural effusion associated with Dipetalonema perstans (Acanthocheilonema perstans). PMID- 6681623 TI - Measurement of human tissue-type plasminogen activator by a two-site immunoradiometric assay. AB - A two-site immunoradiometric assay for human extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator was developed by using rabbit antibodies raised against plasminogen activator purified from human melanoma cell culture fluid. Samples of 100 microliters containing 1 to 100 ng/ml plasminogen activator were incubated in the wells of polyvinyl chloride microtiter plates coated with antibody. The amount of bound extrinsic plasminogen activator was quantitated by the subsequent binding of 125I-labeled affinospecific antibody. The mean level of plasma samples taken at rest was 6.6 +/- 2.9 ng/ml (n = 54). This level increased approximately threefold by exhaustive physical exercise, venous occlusion, or infusion of DDAVP. Extrinsic plasminogen activator in plasma is composed of a fibrin adsorbable and active component (1.9 +/- 1.1 ng/ml, n = 54, in resting conditions) and an inactive component that does not bind to a fibrin clot (probably extrinsic plasminogen activator-proteinase inhibitor complexes). The fibrin-adsorbable fraction increased approximately fivefold to eightfold after physical exercise, venous occlusion, or DDAVP injections. Potential applications of the immunoradiometric assay are illustrated by the measurement of extrinsic plasminogen activator in different tissue extracts, body fluids, and cell culture fluids and in oocyte translation products after injection with mRNA for plasminogen activator. PMID- 6681624 TI - Complexes between tissue-type plasminogen activator and proteinase inhibitors in human plasma, identified with an immunoradiometric assay. AB - Extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator antigen in human plasma, as measured by a two-site immunoradiometric assay, is composed of a fibrin adsorbable and a nonadsorbable fraction. Gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 44 in 1.6M KSCN of the fibrin-adsorbable fraction showed a peak with Mr congruent to 70,000, which contained plasminogen activator activity and was assumed to represent free extrinsic plasminogen activator. The nonadsorbable fraction showed a broad peak with Mr congruent to 140,000 without plasminogen activator activity. Overnight incubation at 37 degrees C of postexercise plasma revealed a shift of the Mr congruent to 70,000 peak to the Mr congruent to 140,000 position, suggesting that the Mr congruent to 140,000 peak consists of extrinsic plasminogen activator-protease inhibitor complex(es). alpha 2-Antiplasmin is the main inhibitor of extrinsic plasminogen activator in plasma 13 and is therefore most probably at least in part responsible for the generation of the Mr congruent to 140,000 component. A possible involvement of other plasma proteinase inhibitors was explored by incubation of 125I-labeled extrinsic plasminogen activator in alpha 2-antiplasmin-depleted plasma. A complex was formed with a t1/2 of about 1 hr, which was identified by immunoprecipitation as extrinsic plasminogen activator-alpha 1-antitrypsin complex. Additional evidence for the presence of extrinsic plasminogen activator complexes with alpha 2-antiplasmin and alpha 1-antitrypsin in plasma was obtained from two-site immunoradiometric assays, in which solid-phase anti-inhibitor antibody bound the corresponding complex, which was then detected with radiolabeled, affinospecific antibody against extrinsic plasminogen activator. It was concluded that plasma contains both free extrinsic plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator complexes with alpha 2-antiplasmin and alpha 2-antitrypsin. These complexes are also present in plasma collected on the active site inhibitor, D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH 2Cl, at rest and after exercise and are therefore assumed to circulate in vivo. PMID- 6681625 TI - Sexual experience, androgens and female choice of a mate in laboratory rats. AB - Sexual experience produces long-lasting changes in both the behaviour and reproductive system of a male rat. The response of the female rat to an area that had recently housed a previously mated male was investigated in three experiments. In experiments 1 and 2 females preferentially urine marked in an area vacated by a sexually experienced (SE) male relative to areas vacated by a sexually inexperienced (SI) or castrated (C) male. The density of female marks were ranked SE greater than SI greater than C greater than empty area. In experiment 3 female preference of an SE male with varied and multiple mating experiences was magnified when compared with an SI male. There was the suggestion that the multiple SE male was even preferred to a male with only a single mating experience. A fourth experiment demonstrated an acute increase in circulating testosterone in multiple SE males exposed to oestrous or non-oestrous females, and the increase was observable for up to 7 days after exposure to an oestrous female. The conclusion is that chronic changes in androgen-dependent urinary by products released by the SE male mediate the discrimination and choice of a mate by the female rat. PMID- 6681626 TI - Experimental IgA nephropathy induced by oral immunization. AB - To test the hypothesis that IgA nephropathy can result from a mucosal immune response, mice were orally immunized with one of three protein antigens for 14 wk. Such mice exhibited an essentially pure mucosal antibody response characterized by specific IgA-producing plasma cells in exocrine sites and specific IgA antibodies in serum. Furthermore, 73% of immunized mice had IgA and 88% had immunogen deposited in the glomerular mesangium, and 64% of immunized mice examined ultrastructurally had electron-dense mesangial deposits. All three were present concurrently in 57% of the immunized mice. No differences in regard to IgG or IgM were observed between immunized and control mice for any of these parameters. Mucosal immunization therefore can result in a specific immune response that leads to mesangial deposition of immune complexes containing IgA antibody. In its fundamental features the experimental renal lesion resembles that seen in the human disease IgA nephropathy. PMID- 6681627 TI - Bioavailability of egg yolk iron measured by hemoglobin regeneration in anemic rats. AB - Biological availability of egg yolk iron and effect of egg yolk on absorption of iron from the reference salt, ferrous sulfate, were evaluated in hemoglobin repletion assays with anemic rats. Three measures of response, hemoglobin concentration, gain in hemoglobin iron content, and gain in carcass iron content were related to total dietary iron intake by regression analyses. Relative biological value (RBV) of yolk iron, in diets without ascorbic acid, compared to that of the reference salt was 85%. RBV of egg iron was equivalent to ferrous sulfate iron in diets containing 1 g ascorbic acid per kilogram of diet. Increasing increments of egg yolk in diets containing ascorbic acid had no significant effect on utilization of iron from the reference salt as measured by gain in hemoglobin or carcass iron content during the regeneration period. Stimulation of iron utilization from egg yolk by ascorbic acid was mild in these studies and was less in diets containing 32 mg/kg of egg yolk iron than in those containing 15 mg/kg of iron from egg. PMID- 6681628 TI - Bioavailability of zinc in coagulated soy protein (tofu) to rats and effect of dietary calcium at a constant phytate:zinc ratio. AB - An assay was conducted with young albino rats to compare the bioavailability of zinc contained in calcium- and in magnesium-precipitated tofu to zinc supplied as the carbonate in egg white diets. Relative availability of zinc from both tofu preparations was 51% as measured by weight gain and 36-39% for log micrograms tibia zinc accumulation. In a separate experiment with zinc supplied at 9 mg/kg in all diets, the effect of increasing dietary calcium on weight gain and tibia zinc accumulation was tested. Performance of tofu-fed rats relative to zinc carbonate-fed rats at 0.4, 0.7 and 1.2% calcium was, respectively: 92, 67 and 48% for weight gain, and 70, 58 and 61 for tibia zinc content. PMID- 6681629 TI - Effect of chronic alcohol consumption and moderate fat diet on vitamin A status in rats fed either vitamin a or beta-carotene. AB - The effect of chronic alcohol consumption on vitamin A metabolism was investigated in male rats. Liquid diets containing five times the NRC requirement for vitamin A and varied levels of ethanol were fed. The vitamin A content of the liver was decreased in rats receiving alcohol. Liver lipids were only slightly elevated in alcohol-fed rats. Hepatic vitamin A storage was also decreased in rats fed 30% calories as alcohol and beta-carotene or vitamin A at the NRC requirement level, but not in rats fed one-sixth the NRC requirement as vitamin A. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, and retinol dehydrogenase were not altered in hepatic or testicular tissue by the vitamin A or alcohol content of the diet. When an intragastric dose of [3H]retinyl acetate or [14C]beta-carotene was administered, fecal excretion of radioactivity was lower than controls in rats receiving 30% ethanol in the diet for a total of 4 weeks, for 1 week following 7 weeks of control diet consumption, and after an acute dose of ethanol. Recovery of the 3H label was greater in the testes of rats chronically consuming ethanol. When a solution containing [3H]retinyl acetate or [3H]beta-carotene with or without ethanol was injected into intestinal segments, no alterations in absorption of retinyl acetate or beta carotene due to ethanol occurred. It is concluded that alcohol consumption results in decreased hepatic vitamin A storage, which is not due to the malabsorption of either retinyl acetate or beta-carotene, or to altered activities of several enzymes involved in ethanol and vitamin A metabolism. PMID- 6681630 TI - Hearing loss in children receiving cisplatin chemotherapy. PMID- 6681631 TI - Endocrine influences on the actions of morphine. I. Alteration of target gland hormones. AB - There are few data concerning the effects of hormones on opiate actions. Consequently, we have studied the influences of peripheral endocrine systems upon sensitivity and tolerance to three major morphine effects: antinociception, hypothermia and catalepsy. It was found that in opiate naive animals adrenalectomy increased morphine-induced antinociception, hypothermia and catalepsy, whereas dexamethasone treatment decreased all three opiate effects. Thyroidectomy decreased the antinociceptive and cataleptic actions of morphine, but had no effect on the hypothermic response. Thyroxine treatment markedly altered the temperature response to morphine without affecting the other two actions. Control animals showed both hyperthermia and hypothermia after morphine, but animals treated chronically with thyroxine showed only hyperthermia. Alterations of the gonadal axis in males had no pronounced effects upon the actions of morphine. Further investigations demonstrated that morphine, when administered i.c.v. to thyroidectomized animals, produced responses similar to those seen after s.c. administration. During chronic studies, the only notable effects of endocrine alterations on the development of tolerance to morphine were trends toward suppression with dexamethasone treatment and trends toward augmentation after adrenalectomy. These results indicate that the actions of morphine are influenced by endocrine status. Adrenal hormones exert their effects upon the actions of morphine via peripheral metabolic alterations, whereas the effects of thyroid hormones are mediated at central sites. These results also indicate that the development of tolerance to morphine is not significantly influenced by any of the endocrine systems studied. PMID- 6681632 TI - Discriminative stimulus effects of naltrexone in narcotic-naive and morphine treated pigeons. PMID- 6681633 TI - Prolonged excretion of morphine in rats during protracted abstinence: lack of effect of naltrexone. PMID- 6681634 TI - Changes in oestrous cyclicity following olfactory bulbectomy in post-pubertal pigs. AB - Bilateral olfactory bulbectomy was carried out on 16 post-pubertal gilts during the winter and spring of 2 consecutive years. Eight bulbectomized gilts in Exp. 1 had 2-7 regular periods of oestrus before becoming anoestrous for greater than 100 days in the summer and autumn. During November, 3 of these gilts were placed with b boar and became oestrous within 9 days, were mated and established normal pregnancies; the remaining pigs also resumed normal oestrous cycles when transferred to other pens. The following year anoestrus again occurred during the summer in gilts and in sows after weaning. In Exp. 2, 8 bulbectomized gilts remained in the same pens throughout the experiment, 4 were housed with a vasectomized boar and 4 away from boars. As in Exp. 1, the same periods of anoestrus occurred throughout the year, whereas 4 unoperated pigs housed nearby had continuous oestrous cycles. Ovulation without oestrus occurred in some bulbectomized pigs even after gonadotrophin treatment. Prolonged anoestrus in Exp. 1 was associated with non-ovulatory levels of plasma oestrogen and low plasma progesterone and LH values. Behavioural, morphological and endocrine data indicate that the effects of bulbectomy on oestrous cycles in post-pubertal gilts are mediated at the hypothalamus. The seasonality of the effects seems likely to be due to bulbectomy unmasking a photoperiodic influence. PMID- 6681635 TI - Suppressed release of LH in ovariectomized post-partum ewes. AB - The patterns of LH release were studied in 5 ewes, ovariectomized when 3 days post partum, at 4, 14, 33, 47 and 61 days after ovariectomy. These patterns were compared with those in 4 seasonally anoestrous (control) ewes ovariectomized and sampled at the same times. In the control ewes regular pulsatile release of LH was apparent 4 days after ovariectomy: plasma LH concentrations and LH pulse frequencies, but not pulse amplitudes, then declined. In the post-partum ewes all indices of LH release were lower than those in the control ewes at 4 days after ovariectomy, but then they increased: pulse amplitude was greater (P less than 0.05) at 14 days after ovariectomy, and plasma LH concentrations were greater (P less than 0.05, 0.01) at 14 and 33 days than in control ewes. These results indicate that the hypothalamopituitary axis of lactating ewes has a reduced capacity to release LH for only a short period after ovariectomy early in the post-partum period. This probably reflects the time needed for recovery from the inhibitory effects of ovarian and placental hormones, and may reflect reduced secretion of LH-RH. PMID- 6681636 TI - Luteolytic effect of 13,14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha in heifers. AB - Holstein heifers (4/group) were injected intramuscularly with 0, 5, 10 or 25 mg 13,14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha on Day 10 of the oestrous cycle. Complete luteolysis and precocious oestrus occurred in 3 of 4 heifers receiving 25 mg and 1 of 4 receiving 10 mg 13,14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha injected i.m. These features were not affected in heifers injected with 0 or 5 mg 13,14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha, although plasma progesterone concentrations were depressed in all treated heifers within 75 min. LH concentrations were elevated between 5 and 8 h after 13,14-dihydro-PGF 2 alpha in all treated heifers. The addition of 13,14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha to dispersed bovine luteal cells did not affect progesterone accumulation during a 2 h period. These results suggest that 13,14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha may play a role in PGF-2 alpha-induced luteolysis. PMID- 6681637 TI - Evidence for a systemic role for ovarian oxytocin in luteal regression in sheep. AB - Jugular venous concentrations of oxytocin and progesterone changed in parallel during the oestrous cycle in the ewe, falling at luteal regression and rising with formation of the new corpus luteum. These fluctuations in the circulating concentration of oxytocin were not caused by changes in its metabolic clearance rate. On Days 6-9 of the cycle circulating oxytocin concentrations exhibited a diurnal rhythm, peaking at 09:00 h; this rhythm was absent on Days 11-14. Although there was no evidence for increased production of oxytocin at or preceding luteal regression in samples taken daily, more frequent sampling revealed that two thirds of detected surges of uterine secretion of prostaglandin (PG) F-2 alpha were accompanied by raised levels of oxytocin. This oxytocin was not of pituitary origin. Luteal regression induced with cloprostenol on Day 8 after oestrus caused a decrease in circulating progesterone level followed after 24 h by a fall in oxytocin. Measurements of oxytocin in the ovary and other organs before and after treatment with cloprostenol identified the corpora lutea as a major potential source of oxytocin, and suggested that 98% of luteal oxytocin was available for secretion in response to prostaglandin stimulation. The data are consistent with a role for ovarian secretion of oxytocin in response to uterine release of PGF-2 alpha in the control of luteal regression. PMID- 6681638 TI - Effect of the introduction of rams during the anoestrous season on the pulsatile secretion of LH in ovariectomized ewes. AB - Introduction of rams to ovariectomized ewes treated with oestradiol implants (N = 10) increased the frequency of LH pulses from 4 X 8 to 10 X 6 pulses per 12 h. This effect was reflected by increases in mean levels of LH and the basal levels upon which the pulses were superimposed. In ewes that had not been treated with oestradiol (N = 5), there was no significant increase in pulse frequency but mean and basal levels of LH increased slightly after the introduction of rams. In a second experiment, similar effects of the introduction of rams were seen in ovariectomized ewes treated with oestradiol or oestradiol + androstenedione (N = 16), but no significant effects of the rams were observed in untreated ewes (N = 8) or ewes treated only with androstenedione (N = 7). No preovulatory surges of LH were observed in the 30-h period after the introduction of rams. It was concluded that the ram stimulus probably evokes the increase in pulse frequency by inhibiting the negative feedback action of oestradiol, and that the surge normally observed in entire ewes is dependent on the ovarian response to these pulses. However, the observation of responses in some ewes not treated with oestradiol also raises the possibility that the ram stimulus can act directly on the hypothalamic neurones that control the secretion of LH, and that this effect is enhanced in the presence of oestrogen. PMID- 6681639 TI - Effect on oestrus and ovulation of exposing creole goats to the male at three times of the year. AB - The characteristics of the oestrous and ovarian cycles of local goats were studied over 2 years, on 96 females in March, 60 in July and 100 in November. After 3 weeks of separation between sexes, the females with inactive ovaries were identified and harnessed males were introduced. Detection of oestrus was undertaken daily and the date and rate of ovulation were checked at laparoscopies. The proportion of females with non-cyclic ovaries before the mating period varied according to the season and whether the females were nulliparous or suckling. Among the females with inactive ovaries before the mating period, 97% ovulated 2 . 8 days after the introduction of males; 68% of these initial ovulations were accompanied by oestrus and 76% resulted in short luteal phases (5 . 3 days) followed by a second ovulation accompanied by oestrus 89% of the time. The proportions of initial ovulations with oestrus and of initial ovulations followed by a short luteal phase were in linear relationship with the proportion of females with non-cyclic ovaries before the mating period. For the females with cyclic ovaries before the mating period, the distribution of first oestrus during the 8 days after the introduction of males was significantly different from the expected uniform distribution. A possible luteolytic action of teasing was suspected. The fertility of females in all groups was high (greater than 79%). Litter size was not different for non-cyclic and for cyclic females. PMID- 6681640 TI - Perforated and embedded intrauterine devices. PMID- 6681641 TI - Risk factors for persistent middle-ear effusions. Otitis media, catarrh, cigarette smoke exposure, and atopy. AB - To ascertain risk factors for persistent middle-ear effusions (PMEE), we interviewed the parents of two groups of children. The first consisted of 76 children with PMEE who were admitted to the hospital for tympanostomy-tube insertion. The second, a control group, consisted of 76 children admitted for other types of surgery, who were matched for age, sex, season, and surgical ward. Nearly all (97%) of the children admitted for insertion of tympanostomy tubes had one or more episodes of suppurative otitis media. Only 59% of the control children had previous ear infections. Frequent ear infections sharply increased the risk for persistent effusions. Catarrh, household cigarette smoke exposure, and atopy also occurred more frequently in children with PMEE. The risk for middle-ear effusions was greatest when these three factors were all present. The avoidance of daily exposure to domestic tobacco smoke and, if atopic, of specific allergens should be included in the medical treatment of children with PMEE. PMID- 6681642 TI - Treatment of Torulopsis glabrata peritonitis with intraperitoneal amphotericin B. AB - Torulopsis glabrata peritonitis occurred in a patient after surgery for a ruptured abdominal viscus. The infection was successfully treated with intraperitoneal amphotericin B alone. Pharmacokinetic information regarding the distribution and clearance of amphotericin B administered by this route is presented, and the clinical manifestations and treatment modalities for T glabrata and Candida peritonitis are reviewed. PMID- 6681643 TI - Intrahepatic cholestasis as a canalicular motility disorder. Evidence using cytochalasin. AB - A rich network of actin-containing microfilaments are associated with the plasma membrane of the liver cells. These filaments are especially numerous in the pericanalicular region. Recently, active contractions of bile canaliculi have been observed in normal coupled isolated hepatocytes. In this report, we document that this motility behavior is abolished by cytochalasins B and D. Other cytoplasmic contractile movements are also reduced or lost after a brief initial period of enhanced surface activity with the formation of zeiotic blebs. The lack of contractile activity of bile canaliculi is accompanied by the gradual dilation of canalicular lumina. Since there is overwhelming evidence that the functional effects of the cytochalasins on cell motility are due to their effects on actin filaments, we propose that the altered canalicular contractility observed is due to the effects of cytochalasin on pericanalicular actin filaments. If bile canalicular contractility is a requirement for normal bile flow, then interference with this mechanism may be a factor in the pathogenesis of some types of intrahepatic cholestasis. PMID- 6681644 TI - Internal radiotherapy for hepatic metastases II: The blood supply to hepatic metastases. AB - Given that metastatic hepatic malignancy remains as a significant cause of death, with a median survival after diagnosis of only 7 months despite treatment, there exists a need for some effective treatment modality. Internal radiotherapy in the form of yttrium-90 microspheres infused into the hepatic artery appears to be a promising method of therapy. One criterion required for the success of this treatment is that of a differentially greater arterial supply to tumor as opposed to liver tissue. This arterial hypervascularity of tumor has been demonstrated before. However, some conflict has been reported as to the maintenance of this state as tumor size increases. Using 15 micrometers Cobalt-57 microspheres for studying salivary adenocarcinoma implants in DA rat livers, these experiments have demonstrated a constant blood flow in the tumor periphery of 3.9 times that within the normal hepatic parenchyma, regardless of tumor size. Also demonstrated is a progressive decrease in central tumor arterial blood flow after a tumor diameter of 6 mm has been exceeded. Arterial hypervascularity of liver tissue adjacent to the tumor has been demonstrated while an intermediate zone of liver tissue appeared hypovascular, suggesting the presence of shunting. In three humans with metastatic liver disease, hepatic artery infusion of particulate radiotracer has demonstrated the peripheral tumor hypervascularity and relative central tumor hypovascularity with good correlation obtained with the images of the metastases on conventional colloidal hepatic scintigraphy. This method allows assessment of the patient's suitability for internal radiotherapy by enabling assessment of the tumor vascularity and the degree of potentially dangerous extrahepatic irradiation. PMID- 6681645 TI - Prolactin-secreting tumors. AB - A case of galactorrhea induced by hyperprolactinemia has been reported. This patient had bronchogenic carcinoma, undifferentiated, spindle-cell-type, and underwent a pneumonectomy followed by postoperative irradiation of the mediastinum. The initial surgical resection, followed by irradiation, returned the abnormal levels of prolactin secretion to normal. Although subsequent determinations could not be made, this case supports evidence from earlier reports that galactorrhea-induced hyperprolactinemia may occur concomitantly as a paraneoplastic syndrome with this rare form of carcinoma. PMID- 6681646 TI - Transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment of prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas. Results in 100 patients. AB - One hundred patients, 84 females and 16 males, with presumed prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas were treated with transsphenoidal microsurgery. Criteria for success of the operation were return of serum prolactin values to normal and reversal of the endocrine effects of hyperprolactinemia, eradication of the adenoma, and preservation of anterior pituitary function. Of the 84 females, 54 had a microadenoma (a noninvasive adenoma 10 mm or less in diameter), and of the 32 with preoperative values of serum prolactin of less than 100 ng/ml, 28 (88%) had a successful operative result, whereas 11 of 22 (50%) with preoperative values of 100 ng/ml or more had a successful result. Five of 10 patients (50%) with a diffuse adenoma (a noninvasive adenoma more than 10 mm in diameter) and 5 of 20 (25%) with an invasive adenoma had a successful result. Of the 16 males, 3 of 7 (43%) with diffuse adenoma and 3 of 16 (19%) with invasive adenoma had a successful result. There were no males with microadenoma. The largest success rate (88%) was among female patients with microadenoma and preoperative serum prolactin values of less than 100 ng/ml. PMID- 6681647 TI - Head and neck cancer in women--a changing profile. AB - A progressive trend toward increased occurrence of head and neck cancer in women is reported. Over the most recent 6 year period, 533 newly diagnosed patients were referred for treatment of head and neck cancer; 169 (32%) were women. Review of their cases showed heavy use of tobacco and alcohol by many of these women patients. The acceptance of the use of these mucosal irritants and changing social mores in the tobacco belt society under study predate recent national trends of similar nature. Thus, the increased incidence of head and neck cancer in women reported here probably presages similar increases in that incidence nationwide. PMID- 6681648 TI - Prediction of serous versus purulent otitis media by otoscopy and tympanometry in an animal model. AB - Non-invasive methods for distinguishing different types of otitis media would have clinical value in predicting otologic morbidity. Two such methods, otoscopy and tympanometry, were used in two experimental models of otitis media to determine whether there are unique otoscopic and tympanometric characteristics of serous and purulent otitis media. A flat (type B or B+) tympanogram and yellow tympanic membrane each had a high likelihood of predicting middle ear effusion in these models, and the best prediction was obtained using both parameters simultaneously. A yellow tympanic membrane color predicted purulent otitis media in one model but did not distinguish purulent from serous ears in the other model. In one model, serous otitis media was frequently associated with a type C (negative pressure) tympanogram. Tympanometry provided a valuable adjunct to otoscopy in detecting effusion and in distinguishing serous and purulent disease. These observations may apply to otitis media in humans, although the variable etiologies of otitis media in humans may confound the ability of otoscopy and tympanometry to distinguish middle ear effusion types. PMID- 6681649 TI - Opiate withdrawal increases ornithine decarboxylase activity which is otherwise unaltered in brains of dependent chicken fetuses. AB - We have used the developing chicken to determine if ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity is altered in fetuses chronically exposed to the opiate N-desmethyl-l alpha-acetylmethadol (NLAAM) or rendered abstinent by acute injection of naloxone (Nx). Exposure to NLAAM from day 3 of embryogenesis did not significantly change brain ODC activity in 15, 17 or 19-day-old fetuses. Acute treatment of 17-day-old fetuses with a motility suppressant dose of NLAAM did not differentially affect ODC activity in NLAAM-dependent fetuses, but an additional treatment with Nx, which precipitated withdrawal, resulted in a significant increase in ODC activity in this group. We conclude that withdrawal can alter fetal ODC activity which otherwise appears normal, even though fetuses have been chronically exposed to and dependent upon an opiate. PMID- 6681651 TI - When to be which sex. PMID- 6681650 TI - Tympanometry. PMID- 6681653 TI - Sinusitis: induced subdural empyema. AB - In 17 cases of sinusitis-induced subdural empyema, all but 5 occurred in boys or men aged 13 to 33 years. Clinical features were headaches and fever (14 patients), nuchal rigidity (10), and seizures (8). Seven patients had periorbital cellulitis, and 15 had radiographic clouding of at least one sinus. Only five patients had a history of sinusitis. CT identified the empyema accurately in seven patients but failed in two patients who developed subdural empyema while being treated for sinusitis-induced cerebritis. Ten patients had specific bacteriologic etiologies determined by culture of empyema, blood, or sinuses. PMID- 6681652 TI - Tracing the use of torture: electrically induced calcification of collagen in pig skin. AB - Reports of the use of electrical torture are usually denied, so that there is an urgent need of diagnostic methods to distinguish the consequences of electrical torture from other superficial injuries. The 'electrical group' of Anti-Torture Research (ATR) has accordingly studied the possibility of distinguishing between the sequelae of electrical and heat injury. Among the reported differences of the two types of injuries is the occurrence in epidermis, vessel walls and sweat glands of vesicular nuclei exclusively in electrically injured skin. On the basis of experiments with anaesthetized pigs, we now report that the late sequelae of electrical injury appear to include the deposition of calcium salts beneath the area of an electrical cathode. PMID- 6681654 TI - Newborn infants to myasthenic mothers: a clinical study and an investigation of acetylcholine receptor antibodies in 17 children. AB - We studied 17 children born to 15 myasthenic mothers; 2 of the infants had neonatal myasthenia gravis. Pyridostigmine was transferred to the child and accumulated in the amniotic fluid. Sixteen children had receptor antibodies at birth. In the affected infants, the half-life of the receptor antibody concentration was longer than it was in the others. Using an anti-idiotypic antibody, we found marked differences between the idiotypes in the mother and in affected children. Transient synthesis of receptor antibodies in the child seems to be a factor in the pathogenesis of neonatal myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6681655 TI - National surveillance for Guillain-Barre syndrome: January 1978-March 1979. AB - Between January 1, 1978, and March 31, 1979, 1,034 cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) were reported to the Centers for Disease Control by the 1,813 American Academy of Neurology sentinel physicians who participated in the national GBS surveillance program. A direct correlation was observed between increasing age and the age-specific attack (incidence) rates. Based on the cases observed and the total US population, age-adjusted attack rates were statistically higher in males (0.52 per 100,000) than in females (0.40). Rates for whites were 0.44 and those for blacks 0.28 per 100,000; although the difference is statistically significant, uncertainties as to the true denominators by race preclude acceptance of these differences as valid. Sixty seven percent, or 682 of the patients, reported that they had had an antecedent illness within 8 weeks before onset of GBS, and among them the peak period of onset of GBS was in the second week after the onset of the prior illness. There were also 52 patients (5%) who had undergone surgery and 45 (4.5%) who had received vaccinations, both within the 8 weeks before onset of GBS. However, the high proportions of antecedent illness in these groups (45% of those operated and 53% of those vaccinated) made attribution of GBS to the procedures tenuous. Risk of GBS in patients who reported receiving a swine influenza vaccination in 1976 was no greater than in those who reported that they did not receive this vaccine. PMID- 6681656 TI - The assessment of muscle mass in progressive neuromuscular disease. AB - We performed sequential studies of two methods used to estimate muscle mass in 34 patients with progressive neuromuscular disease for periods of up to 52 months. Creatinine excretion and total body potassium were low at the outset in virtually all patients. Creatinine excretion continued to decline in most patients, but total body potassium did not decline significantly. Creatinine excretion may measure declining muscle mass more accurately than total body potassium, but both measurements can estimate muscle mass for metabolic studies or therapeutic trials. PMID- 6681657 TI - Compression-induced brain edema: modification by prior depletion and supplementation of vitamin E. AB - We studied the degree of edema resulting from focal brain compression in rats raised on vitamin E-deficient, -normal, or -supplemented diets. After release of 24 hours of epidural compression, edema developed ipsilaterally and was characterized by extravasation of serum protein, increased water and sodium content, and little change in potassium. The degree of swelling and increase of sodium in the previously compressed area were most pronounced in the vitamin E deficient group and mildest in the vitamin E-supplemented group. Degradative processes of biomembranes seem to participate in the pathogenesis of brain edema; vitamin E may stabilize membranes by physicochemical interactions between the phytyl side chain and polyunsaturated phospholipids, or vitamin E may disrupt chains of free radical reactions. PMID- 6681658 TI - Phenytoin elimination in newborns. AB - We measured the apparent half-life (t50%) of phenytoin (PHT) 30 times in 16 infants (aged 2 to 36 days) who had seizures. During the first week of life, the t50%s ranged from 6 to 140 hours. After the first week, the concentration dependence of PHT elimination was demonstrated; the t50% was related to the initial concentration (Ci). The t50% also decreased with postnatal age. Controlling for a Ci of 18 mg per liter, the average t50% decreased threefold between the first (57.3 +/- 48.2 hours) and fourth weeks (19.7 +/- 1.31). In newborns, both age-related changes and the concentration dependence of PHT elimination can cause PHT levels to decrease when constant doses are given. PMID- 6681659 TI - Beagle puppy model of intraventricular hemorrhage: randomized indomethacin prevention trial. AB - The newborn beagle puppy has been demonstrated to provide a good model for neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). By randomized computerized design, indomethacin, a known inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase, was administered to newborn beagle puppies, all of which underwent the experimental model of hemorrhagic hypotension followed by volume reexpansion for the production of IVH, to determine whether indomethacin can prevent intraventricular hemorrhage in this model. Nine percent of all pups receiving indomethacin experienced intraventricular hemorrhage, compared with 80% of animals who received the saline vehicle. In addition, significant alterations in the blood pressure responses to the hemorrhagic hypotension/volume reexpansion insult were noted in this group when compared with control animals. PMID- 6681660 TI - Acoustic tumors: atypical features and recent diagnostic tests. AB - About one-third of patients with acoustic tumor (AT) initially seek medical attention for nonaudiologic complaints. The nonspecific early symptoms of AT require the inclusion of AT in many neurologic differential diagnoses. Advances in electrophysiologic and radiographic tests have allowed earlier diagnosis of AT at a time when abnormal physical findings other than hearing loss are present in less than half of patients. The availability of brainstem auditory evoked response testing, fourth-generation CT, and air-CT cisternography have changed the approach to the diagnosis of AT. Neurologists should be cognizant of recent diagnostic advances. PMID- 6681661 TI - What causes infarction in ischemic brain?: The Robert Wartenberg Lecture. AB - Improved treatment of associated cardiovascular and hematogenous abnormalities has favorably influenced the incidence and outcome of cerebral vascular disease during the past 25 years. Strong evidence now indicates that attention to the carbohydrate content of the brain also may influence outcome from brain ischemia. With brain lactate levels above approximately 16 mmol per kilogram, ischemia produces tissue infarction; ie, the lesion includes astrocytic and endothelial necrosis as well as neuronal death. We find that equal degrees of ischemia accompanied by lower tissue lactate values produce only selective neuronal damage in predictably vulnerable areas; astrocytes and endothelia are spared and extracellular or progressive postischemic cerebral edema fails to develop. The findings suggest that astrocytes can function to defend brain tissue against the damaging effects of acute anoxia but that during such conditions, they are potentially vulnerable to high tissue lactate levels. Initial clinical evidence suggests that scrupulous attention to blood sugar may reduce the risk of human cerebral infarction after ischemia. PMID- 6681662 TI - Postanoxic symptomatic oscillatory myoclonus. AB - Two young patients with a history of birth anoxia and cerebral palsy developed paroxysmal irregularly oscillating muscle jerks at rest and during voluntary movement. Electrophysiologic studies revealed short bursts of alternating activity at 4 to 6 Hz in antagonist muscles. The absence of time-locked EEG discharges suggests a subcortical origin for this unusual form of myoclonus. A comparison is made between this and previously reported conditions with a similar paroxysmal burstlike nature. PMID- 6681663 TI - Two spinal cord lesions in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis and cervical spine injury. AB - A patient with ankylosing spondylitis sustained C3-C4 vertebral subluxation and C4-C5 myelopathy after a hyperextension trauma. Autopsy showed that several segments below the main cervical cord lesion at the fractured site, there was a second spinal cord lesion at the T1 vertebral level with no corresponding local bony or ligamentous damage. The thoracic cord lesion was probably secondary to traction of the upper thoracic cord, where the blood supply is poor, in a narrow and rigid spinal canal at the moment of extreme hyperextension. PMID- 6681664 TI - Guidelines for the determination of death. PMID- 6681665 TI - Anticoagulation and embolic infarction. PMID- 6681666 TI - An eye movement disorder in ALS. PMID- 6681667 TI - Disseminated gonococcal infections. AB - A four-year retrospective review of 55 patients with disseminated infections from Neisseria gonorrhoeae revealed that this complication occurs in young adults, with a predominance in women (80%). The most common manifestation of disseminated gonococcal infection was arthritis, which occurred in 47 patients (85.5%). The second most common manifestation of disseminated gonococcal infection was dermatitis, which occurred in 33 patients (60%). A thorough history, a careful physical examination, and a high index of suspicion are essential for the diagnosis. Disseminated gonococcal infection can be confirmed by isolation of gonococci from potential sites, including urethra, cervix, rectum, oropharynx, and blood. Early diagnosis and adequate therapy are necessary to prevent serious complications. The role of the gynecologist in preventing, diagnosing, and/or treating this disorder is emphasized. PMID- 6681668 TI - Prediction of respiratory distress syndrome by the fetal lung maturity analyzer microviscosimeter on newborn gastric aspirate. AB - To predict the development of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), the authors determined the fluorescent polarization values on gastric aspirates obtained from 67 premature infants within 30 minutes of birth. In 29 cases these results were also compared with the fluorescent polarization values measured on the corresponding amniotic fluid samples. Measurements for microviscosity were made by fetal lung maturity analyzer. Among 15 of 67 premature infants who developed RDS, the fluorescent value measured on gastric aspirates in all 15 infants was greater than 0.320. The fluorescent polarization values were less than 0.320 in all 52 infants in whom RDS did not develop, a predictability of 100%. Direct comparison found fluorescent polarization values measured on gastric aspirates to be somewhat lower than the corresponding amniotic fluid fluorescent polarization values. The results indicate that gastric aspirate obtained within 30 minutes of birth contains swallowed amniotic fluid. In cases where amniotic fluid samples were not available for surfactant evaluation prenatally, the determination of fluorescent polarization values on the newborn's gastric aspirate may accurately predict the development of RDS. The use of the fetal lung maturity analyzer microviscosimeter provides a simple, reliable, and rapid (45 minutes) method for assessment of surfactant in premature infants. PMID- 6681669 TI - Unexpected cardiac pathology in pregnant women treated with beta-adrenergic agents (ritodrine). AB - Premature uterine contractions were treated by intravenous beta-mimetics in 190 patients during a 2-year period. History and physical examination were directed toward identification of patients with cardiac problems. Unexpected cardiac pathology was discovered in 14 patients, all of whom exhibited severe and continuous nausea, retrosternal pain, or dyspnea during beta-mimetic administration. Treatment was immediately discontinued in the presence of S-T depression, supraventricular tachycardia, nonspecific T wave changes, and sinus tachycardia with right axis deviation. Further investigation revealed obstructive cardiac myopathy in one case and atrial septal defect in another. Such changes might be identified earlier by more extensive screening procedures (such as electrocardiogram) before drug administration. Administration of beta-mimetic agents may uncover previously unexpected cardiac pathology. Continuation of ritodrine in such cases is contraindicated and potentially hazardous. PMID- 6681670 TI - Inferior vena cava thrombosis with oral contraceptives documented by computed tomography. PMID- 6681671 TI - Soy formula doesn't help colic. PMID- 6681672 TI - Vaginal infections. How to identify and treat them. AB - Vaginal infection occurs at some time in the majority of women. Most such infections are caused by Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Gardnerella (Hemophilus) vaginalis. Some less common--but in many cases increasingly prevalent--causes include herpes-virus type 2, papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma T strains, and toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 6681674 TI - The cell cycle dependence of thermotolerance. I. CHO cells heated at 42 degrees C. AB - We examined the dependence of heat killing and thermotolerance on the position and progression of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in the cell cycle. We measured cell cycle perturbations and survival of asynchronous and synchronized G1-, S-, and G2-phase cells resulting from continuous heating at 42.0 degrees C for up to 80 hr. Thermotolerance under these conditions was transient in nature, was dependent on the position of cells in the cell cycle, and occurred concurrently with a heat-induced delay of progression of G1- and G2-phase cells. When G1 cells were heated, survival decreased to 25% after 4 hr, at which time the thermotolerance was expressed. For G2 cells survival decreased initially at the same rate (T0 congruent to 3 hr) but thermotolerance was not expressed until approximately 12 hr, at which time the survival was 4%. The rate of decrease in survival was much more rapid for cells heated in mid-S phase (T0 congruent to 0.5 hr), and these cells did not express thermotolerance at a measurable level. Concurrent with the expression of thermotolerance, the progression of cells heated in G1 and G2 was delayed. Following the expression of tolerance, progression resumed at a rate approximately equal to the rate of decrease in survival of the G1 population. Cells heated in mid-S phase continued to progress through the cell cycle until they reached G2, where they were also delayed. PMID- 6681673 TI - Malignant tumors of the vagina. Classification and approach to treatment. AB - While primary carcinoma of the vagina is relatively rare, metastatic lesions arising from the endometrium are more common, and extension from cervical or vulvar tumors can also affect the vagina. Adenocarcinoma related to diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero is a recently recognized type of vaginal lesion, and melanoma and sarcoma occur rarely in the vagina. Familiarity on the physician's part with these various presentations and their proper management will help ensure early treatment and preservation of normal vaginal function in affected patients. PMID- 6681675 TI - Effect of dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ) and radiation on the survival of cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ) is currently being tested as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent because of its structural similarity to Adriamycin (ADR) and other DNA-intercalating antibiotics. The interaction of DHAQ and ionizing radiation on the induction of cell lethality was investigated in Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture. In asynchronous populations of cells, DHAQ produced a slight enhancement of radiation-induced cell lethality as evidenced by changes in both shoulder and slope of the radiation dose-survival curves. However, DHAQ had no effect on either the extent or time course of recovery from sublethal radiation damage. In synchronous populations of cells treated at various times before or after selection in mitosis, the combination of DHAQ and radiation produced greater cell killing than that predicted based on simple additivity of effect, with a decided enhancement for cells treated during S phase. These results indicate that DHAQ is similar to other DNA-intercalating antibiotics in regard to the interaction with ionizing radiation to produce cell lethality. PMID- 6681676 TI - Latrunculins: novel marine toxins that disrupt microfilament organization in cultured cells. AB - Two toxins, latrunculins A and B, which contain a new class of 16- and 14 membered marine macrolides attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety, were purified recently from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica. The effects of these toxins on cultured mouse neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells have been evaluated. In both types of cells, submicromolar toxin concentrations rapidly induce striking changes in cell morphology that are reversible upon removal of the toxin. Immunofluorescence studies with antibodies specific for cytoskeletal proteins reveal that the toxins cause major alterations in the organization of microfilaments without obvious effects on the organization of the microtubular system. PMID- 6681677 TI - Actin filament stress fibers in vascular endothelial cells in vivo. AB - Fluorescence microscopy with 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-3-diazole phallacidin was used to survey vertebrate tissues for actin filament bundles comparable to the stress fibers of cultured cells. Such bundles were found only in vascular endothelial cells. Like the stress fibers of cultured cells, these actin filament bundles were stained in a punctate pattern by fluorescent antibodies to both alpha actinin and myosin. The stress fibers were oriented parallel to the direction of blood flow and were prominent in endothelial cells from regions exposed to high velocity flow, such as the left ventricle, aortic valve, and aorta. Actin bundles may help the endothelial cell to withstand hemodynamic stress. PMID- 6681678 TI - Yolk pigments of the Mexican leaf frog. AB - Eggs of the Mexican leaf frog contain blue and yellow pigments identified as biliverdin and lutein, respectively. Both pigments are bound to proteins that occur in crystalline form in the yolk platelet. The major blue pigment is biliverdin IX alpha. The eggs vary in color from brilliant blue to pale yellow green depending on the amount of each pigment. These pigments may provide protective coloration to the eggs. PMID- 6681679 TI - Coping and the stress-induced potentiation of stimulant stereotypy in the rat. AB - It has been shown that stressed rats display increased stereotypy in response to a subsequent amphetamine challenge. Evidence is presented showing that stress potentiates cocaine stereotypy as well. These effects of stress were found to be particular to stress that could not be controlled in that rats receiving an identical amount of stress from footshock, but allowed to control its duration, displayed no more stereotypy than did nonstressed rats. These findings have implications for the role of stress and coping in amphetamine and cocaine psychoses, endogenous psychoses, and some forms of schizophrenia. PMID- 6681680 TI - Prenatal food restriction and subsequent weight gain in male rats. PMID- 6681681 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in South African Blacks. AB - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been considered rare among the Black population of southern Africa. We report 7 patients with the disease who presented during a 14-month period. Current concepts in the approach to the diagnosis and treatment of HCM are discussed. It is possible that with greater awareness of the occurrence of the condition in Blacks the diagnosis of HCM will be made in more members of this population group. PMID- 6681682 TI - Platelet size in thrombocytopenia due to sepsis. AB - In normal persons, the mean platelet volume varies inversely but nonlinearly with the platelet count. Those with immune platelet destruction have a mean platelet volume that conforms to normal values. Nine patients with thrombocytopenia due to post-trauma sepsis without disseminated intravascular coagulation had a lower than normal mean platelet volume as the platelet count fell. In six patients who recovered, the mean platelet volume increased to the normal value before the platelet count began to rise. In contrast, three patients who did not recover from sepsis had no change from the low mean platelet volume and thrombocytopenia. Since mean platelet volume can now be part of the routine blood count, it is a useful variable to assay the degree of bone marrow suppression in the patient with thrombocytopenia and can be used as a predictor of recovery from thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6681683 TI - Intravascular angiomatosis in female urethral mass. Masson intravascular hemangioendothelioma. AB - A case of Masson intravascular hemangioendothelioma hitherto undescribed in the female urethra is reported. The condition has bizarre histopathologic appearances which sometimes pose a problem in differentiating it from angiosarcoma. Recognition of the condition, particularly in a female urethra which is not an infrequent site of vascular lesions such as caruncles and varices, is therefore emphasized to avoid unnecessary drastic treatment. PMID- 6681684 TI - Urethral pressure variations. AB - The pressure in the area of distal urethral sphincter was measured in 30 patients with symptoms of stress, urge, and mixed stress and urge incontinence. Sphincteric pressures were obtained from 3 to 4 urethral pressure profiles and recordings of the pressure measured with the sensor placed at the site of the distal sphincter for periods of up to ten minutes. In 33 per cent of the patients, the latter method revealed significant pressure variations which rarely were seen in a small series of urethral pressure profiles. The diagnostic reliability of the urethral pressure profile with respect to pressure variations is discussed, and the spatial organization of the pressure variations is measured and discussed. PMID- 6681685 TI - Cytochalasin B inhibits the maturation of measles virus. AB - The release of measles virus was studied in the presence of cytochalasin B (CB), a drug that disrupts actin microfilaments. In the presence of CB, infected cells accumulated infectious virus while virus released from these cultures decreased drastically (up to 99% inhibition). Electron micrographs showed that viral buds were reduced and had an unusual distribution along the cell membrane in CB treated cultures. CB inhibition of released virus occurred rapidly (within 30 min) and to a full extent even when the drug was added during the final 2 hr of a 48-hr replicative cycle. CB inhibition of cellular functions is reversible and, similarly, inhibition of virus release could be almost completely reversed within 30 min after the drug was removed. Since CB can also inhibit sugar transport and protein glycosylation, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DG) was used to study the manifestations of glycosylation inhibition. DG inhibited virus production only when added during the first one-third of the replicative cycle and inhibited cell associated and released virus to an equal extent. Cytochalasin D, which disrupts microfilaments without affecting protein glycosylation, caused an inhibition of virus release analogous to the inhibition caused by CB. Thus, alteration of microfilament structure alters the normal budding process of measles virions. This suggests that microfilaments may play a role in the release of budding virions. PMID- 6681686 TI - Effect of purified somatomedins on thymidine incorporation into lectin-activated human lymphocytes. AB - These data describe the effects of purified preparations of several growth factors on thymidine incorporation into phyto-haemagglutinin-activated (PHA) human lymphocytes. The somatomedins selected for this study included human somatomedins A and C, insulin-like growth factors (IFG1 and IGF2) and multiplication stimulating activity (MSA). Assays were carried out with and without serum. Complementary assays were performed with a low-molecular serum ultrafiltrate added to somatomedin C and to MSA. We found that all the peptides tested, except MSA, stimulated thymidine incorporation into PHA-activated lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner, even though different doses were required to obtain a response. The data reported point out the multiplicity and the interrelationships of the serum factors involved in the stimulation of human cells growth. PMID- 6681687 TI - Imitation of normal plasma growth hormone profile by subcutaneous administration of human growth hormone to growth hormone deficient children. AB - The time course of plasma growth hormone (hGH) levels following sc and im injection of hGH was studied in 12 children with growth hormone deficiency who had received long-term treatment with im injections of highly purified hGH. Also the spontaneous diurnal GH levels in 8 normal children of comparable age were recorded. Blood samples were obtained during 24 h after im and sc injections of 4 IU/m2 hGH and analysed for immunoreactive hGH. While a median peak value of 160 ng/ml (range 135 to 475 ng/ml) was obtained 2 h after im injection, sc injection resulted in a more sustained elevation reaching 41 ng/ml (range 32 to 51 ng/ml) at 6 h subsiding slowly with a median concentration of 15 ng/ml (range 5-24 ng/ml) persisting after 14 h. Gel chromatography demonstrated that the hGH immunoreactivity of blood samples obtained as late as 14 h after sc injection had unaltered molecular size. Seven of the patients were further studied after sc injection of 2 IU/m2 at 20.00 h instead of in the morning. A plasma profile was attained during the night which roughly approximated the average nocturnal plasma pattern of the normal children. PMID- 6681688 TI - Growing pains. AB - These common pains of the extremities may be intense enough to make a child cry. The pains occur predominantly in the lower extremities, most frequently in girls and primarily at night. They may be associated with headaches and stomach aches. When pain is localized to joints, the patient must be carefully evaluated. Poorly localized pain should be investigated if it is of extended duration or of unusual intensity. When known disorders are excluded, "growing pains" may represent syndromes that have not yet been identified. PMID- 6681690 TI - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Monoclonal antibodies directed against Schistosoma mansoni antigens were produced by the in vitro fusion of B lymphocytes, obtained from mice infected with S. mansoni, and SP2/0 myeloma cells. Antibody reactivity was assessed by ELISA binding, utilizing 4 M KCl extracts of cercariae and adult worms, soluble egg antigen (SEA), and purified antigenic preparations, and by indirect immunofluorescence using living schistosomula. The monoclonal antibodies recognized a wide spectrum of antigenic determinants. The specificity of the monoclonal reactivities ranged from high cross-reactivity to extreme restriction, vis-a-vis the distribution of the recognized determinants within genus, species, stages, and purified antigenic preparations. The specificity of reactivity of monoclonal antibodies for a given determinant was greater than that of immune mouse serum. These studies establish the feasibility of the production of large numbers of monoclonal antibodies and of their use of antigen identification. The monoclonal antibodies are available to interested investigators upon request. PMID- 6681689 TI - Detection of genetic variation with radioactive ligands. V. Genetic variants of testosterone-binding globulin in human serum. AB - We examined genetically determined polymorphisms in testosterone-binding beta globulin (TeBG) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Four electrophoretic variants were identified, which we suggest are the result of combinations of three alleles. Gene frequencies were calculated for the three alleles in white American, black American, and Japanese-American populations. There was good agreement between observed and expected phenotype numbers. Distribution of phenotypes among offspring of several crosses was consistent with simple Mendelian inheritance of an autosomal gene. PMID- 6681691 TI - Induction of collagen synthesis in cultured human fibroblasts by live Schistosoma mansoni eggs and soluble egg antigens (SEA). AB - There is a dearth of knowledge on the tissue fibrosis that contributes to the pathology of schistosomiasis mansoni. The present study was designed to test the direct effect of live schistosome eggs and soluble egg antigens (SEA) on cultured normal human fibroblasts. Coincubation for 3 days of fibroblast monolayers with 100-500 live eggs/ml medium or equivalent amounts of SEA caused enhanced incorporation of labelled proline. The newly synthesized polypeptides were sensitive to purified collagenase enzyme activity. Collagen synthesis was also verified by measuring increased hydroxyproline content in fibroblasts. Whereas low numbers of eggs stimulated fibroblast activity, 500 eggs/ml medium caused a disarray in the arrangement of cells, with cytoplasmic granulation, cell detachment and death. These results indicate that fibroblast stimulation and collagen synthesis may also be triggered by the direct action of egg secretions on tissue fibroblasts. PMID- 6681692 TI - Obturator nerve block in transurethral resection. PMID- 6681693 TI - Regional vs systemic effect of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) on squamous cell carcinoma in rats. AB - Utilizing a model that compares the effects of chemotherapeutic agents given regionally vs systemically in the same animal, the effects of cis dichlorodiammine platinum (II) (cis-platinum) were evaluated. Squamous cell carcinoma was implanted at the bases of both ears of Fisher-344 rats. By retrograde cannulation of a branch of the external carotid artery, tumors on the right were treated by intra-arterial infusions of varying doses of cis-platinum while tumors on the left were treated only after systemic circulation of the same drug. The investigators found that cisplatinum is effective in decreasing the rate of tumor growth compared to control animals treated with saline; however, they found no difference in the rate of growth between tumors treated regionally vs systemically and therefore no advantage in the intra-arterial administration of the drug at the doses and rates of infusion tested. PMID- 6681694 TI - Effects of egg yolk and salt on Micrococcaceae heat resistance. AB - The heat resistance and growth possibilities of various members of the Micrococcaceae in egg yolk and egg yolk with added salt were determined. Egg yolk alone protected members of the Micrococcaceae considerably against heat. Whereas in water Staphylococcus aureus S6 had a decimal reduction time (D) value of 66 s at 55 degrees C, its D value in egg yolk at the same temperature was 246 s. In salted egg yolk (water activity, 0.95), S. aureus S6 had a D value of 180 s at 66 degrees C and was largely inactivated during the pasteurization processes currently applied. Micrococcus saprophyticus and S. epidermidis (D value of each under the same conditions, 390 s) could survive such treatments to a certain extent and can thus spoil commercial egg yolk. PMID- 6681695 TI - Interaction between pectin and rat hindgut microflora. AB - The contents of the lower alimentary tract from rats fed a semisynthetic, pectin supplemented diet showed increased nitrate reductase activity and an increase in the amount of luminal contents in the intestine and cecum. Nitrate reductase activity was associated with the insoluble fraction of the gut contents which was sedimented by centrifugation (5,100 X g,20 min) and was abolished after treating the animals with streptomycin, neomycin, and bacitracin for 7 days. The pectin dependent increase in cecal size and microbial nitrate reduction were reversed when animals were transferred from a pectin-supplemented onto a control semisynthetic diet. Polygalacturonic acid (pectic acid) was without effect on either cecal size or cecal microbial nitrate reductase activity. The studies demonstrate that pectin influences microbial metabolism in the alimentary tract. PMID- 6681696 TI - Activation of adenylate cyclase by forskolin in rat brain and testis. AB - Detergent-dispersed adenylate cyclase from rat cerebrum was detected in two components, one sensitive to Ca2+ and calmodulin and another sensitive to fluoride or guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p). The enzyme activity of both components was markedly augmented by forskolin assayed in the presence or absence of other enzyme activators (e.g., NaF, Gpp(NH)p, calmodulin). The catalytic subunit fraction in which G/F protein was totally lacking was also activated by forskolin. During 1-35 days of postnatal development, the basal adenylate cyclase activities in either cerebrum and cerebellum particulate preparations progressively increased. While the fluoride sensitivity of the cerebrum and cerebellum enzyme increased during postnatal development, the responsiveness to forskolin remained unaltered. There was no enhancement of soluble adenylate cyclase (from rat testis) by forskolin under the assay conditions in which there was a marked stimulatory action on the particulate enzyme. The results seen with the solubilized enzyme, with either Lubrol PX or cholate, indicate that the effects of forskolin on the cyclase do not require either G/F protein or calmodulin and the results of our study of brain enzymes support this view. Data on soluble testis cyclase (a poor or absent response to forskolin by this enzyme) imply that it lacks a protein (other than the catalytic unit) which could confer greater stimulation. The present results do not rule out an alternative explanation that forskolin stimulates adenylate cyclase by a direct interaction with the catalytic subunit, if the catalytic proteins do differ widely in various species of cells and their response to this diterpene. PMID- 6681697 TI - Processing of N-linked oligosaccharides in soybean cultured cells. AB - Evidence, based on both in vivo and in vitro studies with suspension-cultured soybean cells, is presented to demonstrate the processing of the oligosaccharide chain of plant N-linked glycoproteins. Following a 1-h incubation of soybean cells with [2-3H]mannose, the predominant glycopeptide obtained by pronase digestion of the membrane fraction was a Man7- or Man8GlcNAc2-Asn (GlcNAc, N acetylglucosamine). However, the major oligosaccharide isolated from the lipid linked oligosaccharides of these cells was a Glc2- or Glc3Man9GlcNAc2. Soybean cells were incubated with [2-3H]mannose and the incorporation of mannose into Pronase-released glycopeptides was followed during a 2-h chase. During the first 10 min of labeling, the radioactivity was mostly in a large-sized glycopeptide that appeared to be a Glc1Man9GlcNAc2-peptide. During the next 60 to 90 min of chase, this radioactivity was shifted to smaller and smaller-sized glycopeptides indicating that removal of sugars (i.e., processing) had occurred. Both glucosidase and mannosidase activity was detected in membrane preparations of soybean cells. Nine different glycopeptides were isolated from Pronase digests of soybean cell membrane fractions. These glycopeptides were purified by repeated gel filtration on columns of Bio-Gel P-4. Partial characterization of these glycopeptides by endoglucosaminidase H and alpha-mannosidase digestion, and by analysis of the products, suggested the following glycopeptides: Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 Asn, Man8GlcNAc2-Asn, Man7GlcNAc2-Asn, Man6GlcNAc2-Asn, and Man5GlcNAc2-Asn. PMID- 6681698 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa simplex. A new histologic subgroup. AB - Two patients with a new mechanobullous disease are described. The trauma-induced bullae were present at birth. The nails were deformed in both cases. Both patients were isolated cases; so far, the inheritance pattern is not known. The histologic picture was unique. The keratinocytes were dyskeratotic, enlarged, and had atypical mitoses on light microscopy of neonatal biopsy specimens. Electron microscopically the defect occurred in the tonofilaments, which formed round clumps. The blister formation took place in the lower part of the epidermis. PMID- 6681699 TI - Sexual experience and plasma testosterone levels in male veterans after spinal cord injury. AB - Fifty men with spinal cord injuries (SCI) were asked to complete a questionnaire concerning their sexuality before and after injury. Medical examination confirmed the location and completeness of the injury and extracted information about genitourologic status. The respondents rated sexuality highly as a concern in living, and a wide variety of sexual techniques were reported. A marked decrease in sexual activity, satisfaction, and feelings of sexual adequacy was reported after injury, as compared to retrospective "before injury" responses, lack of opportunity being reported as causative by 66% of the subjects and insufficient personal satisfaction by 59%. Seventy-five percent of the subjects experienced sexual arousal from genital stimulation, and several methods of eliciting erection were cited. Orgasm was described by a variety of terms. Significant differences were found between quadriplegic and paraplegic patients in answers to several items, though there was generally no difference between cervical and thoracic groups, which were more specifically broken down with respect to motor or sensory/complete or incomplete lesions. Plasma testosterone levels were found to fall well within the normal adult male range, as were levels of free testosterone and serum sex binding protein. The resulting information demonstrated more sexual concern among men with SCI than the literature previously indicated. PMID- 6681700 TI - Influence of a thromboxane synthesis inhibitor on the muscle tissue microcirculation of patients with intermittent claudication. PMID- 6681701 TI - Initial impressions of dazoxiben in the treatment of the ischaemic limb. AB - 1 Dazoxiben, a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, which is active after oral administration, has been used to treat eight patients with severe peripheral vascular disease associated with ischaemic rest pain. 2 Patients were selected for treatment on the basis that amputation was the only alternative procedure. 3 Three of eight patients are well and pain-free 1, 7 and 11 months after initially receiving the drug and have not required amputation. 4 Dazoxiben may prove useful in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 6681702 TI - Dazoxiben: a pharmacological tool or clinical candidate? PMID- 6681703 TI - Effect of dazoxiben on platelet-vessel wall interaction. AB - 1 Platelet monolayer adhesion to damaged rabbit aorta and to collagen-coated glass was quantified in a perfusion device. Addition of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben (UK 37248) 1 and 10 microM reduced adhesion to damaged blood vessel by about 45% at both concentrations, but did not affect adhesion to collagen-coated glass. 2 Measurement by RIA indicated virtual abolition of thromboxane B2 production in the presence of the drug and a slight trend to an increase of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha concentration in experiments using aorta. Inhibitory activity of dazoxiben was abolished by previous exposure of the aorta to 15-HPETE(?), an inhibitor of prostacyclin synthetase. 3 The results indicate that dazoxiben inhibits platelet adhesion to vascular subendothelium possibly by promoting synthesis of PGI2 from re-directed platelet endoperoxides. PMID- 6681704 TI - Clinical prospects for a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. A Pfizer Central Research Symposium--26th-27th March, 1982. PMID- 6681705 TI - Effect of dazoxiben on arterial graft thrombosis in the baboon. AB - 1 The thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben (UK 37248) was given orally to normal male baboons to determine its effect on platelet function in forming haemostatic plugs, and its capacity to prevent arteriovenous shunt and vascular graft thrombosis. 2 The standard template bleeding time was prolonged significantly at all doses ranging from 10-100 mg/kg (P less than 0.02 in all cases). 3 Doses ranging from 20-100 mg/kg daily did not normalize shortened platelet survival time or increased platelet destruction associated with chronic thrombogenic arteriovenous cannulae (P greater than 0.5). 4 A dose of 50 mg/kg did not reduce the rate or extent of acute platelet deposition on to Dacron vascular grafts (P greater than 0.5). 5 Despite significant inhibition of the platelets' capacity to form haemostatic plugs dazoxiben alone is ineffective in the prevention of prosthesis-related arterial thrombosis in the doses studied. PMID- 6681707 TI - Cardiac circulation and thromboxane synthetase inhibitors. PMID- 6681706 TI - Dazoxiben examined for platelet inhibitory effect in an artificial circulation. AB - 1 Platelet inhibitory therapy may protect patency in prosthetic arterial grafts. 2 The effect of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben (UK 37248) on 113Indium-labelled platelet deposition on Dacron arterial grafts was examined in an artificial circulation containing human blood which mimics the haemodynamics of femoropopliteal bypass. The influence of this drug on thromboxane production and platelet reactivity was measured during the experiment. The study was controlled and performed in two parts to assess in vitro and ex vivo drug effect. 3 Both in vitro and ex vivo dazoxiben reduced plasma thromboxane by about 80% and in citrated ex vivo blood increased mean (+/- s.e. mean) platelet aggregation threshold to collagen from control values of 4.8 +/- 1.7 mg/ml to 10.6 +/- 3.3 mg/ml (P less than 0.01). Dazoxiben, however, had no effect on platelet deposition on the arterial grafts. 4 Selective thromboxane inhibition failed to exert an antithrombotic effect in this model. PMID- 6681708 TI - Haemodynamic and metabolic effects of dazoxiben at rest and during atrial pacing. AB - 1 Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels were measured in three sites (coronary sinus, pulmonary artery, and femoral artery) at rest and during atrial pacing in 11 patients with stable angina pectoris. 2 There was a highly significant increase in arterial TXB2 on pacing (by up to 820 pg/ml) but there was no change in the thromboxane levels at the other two sites. 3 Dazoxiben 200 mg orally abolished the increase in arterial TXB2, but had no effect on systemic, pulmonary or coronary haemodynamics, no effect on myocardial metabolism and a variable effect on atrial pacing time to angina. PMID- 6681709 TI - Effects of dazoxiben on transcardiac thromboxane levels and haemodynamics in coronary heart disease. AB - 1 Plasma thromboxane levels were obtained from both the coronary sinus and aorta in patients with stable angina pectoris paced to angina, and in unstable angina patients before and after dazoxiben 100 mg. 2 Although there was a wide range of values in the different groups, dazoxiben significantly reduced plasma thromboxane levels in all patients. 3 Dazoxiben had no adverse effect on coronary and systemic haemodynamics, and atrial pacing time to angina was increased from 245 +/- 41 to 308 +/- 48s (P less than 0.01). PMID- 6681710 TI - Effects of dazoxiben on arrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation induced by coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion in anaesthetised greyhounds. AB - 1 The effects of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben (UK 37248) on haemodynamics, blood gases, thromboxane and prostacyclin release and on arrhythmias were examined in anaesthetised greyhounds subject to acute coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. 2 Ten minutes after the administration of UK 37248 2 mg/kg intravenously, the plasma concentration of thromboxane B2 in the coronary sinus was significantly reduced whereas the 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha concentration was increased. 3 UK 37248 did not significantly alter the number of arrhythmias or the incidence of ventricular fibrillation resulting from coronary artery occlusion. There was evidence, however, that in some drug-treated animals there may have been incomplete inhibition of thromboxane synthesis during coronary artery occlusion. 4 A further dose of 1 mg/kg UK 37248 was administered intravenously 5 min before the release of the 40 min coronary artery occlusion. Seven out of eight control dogs died in ventricular fibrillation following reperfusion whereas only one out of eight drug-treated animals fibrillated. 5 This latter result suggests that thromboxane may be an important factor in reperfusion induced ventricular fibrillation and that dazoxiben may be a useful drug in clinically related situations. PMID- 6681711 TI - Prevention of extension of ischaemic damage following acute myocardial ischaemia by dazoxiben, a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. AB - 1 Dazoxiben, a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, at an infusion rate of 5 mg/kg/h inhibited the ischaemia-induced increase in circulating thromboxane B2 in cats. 2 Dazoxiben also restored the S-T segment of the electrocardiogram toward normal values after the onset of ischaemia, and prevented the rise in plasma creatine kinase activity usually observed during myocardial ischaemia. 3 Associated with the above changes were reduced loss of myocardial creatine kinase activity and amino-nitrogen concentration in the ischaemic region of those cats treated with dazoxiben. 4 No significant effects of dazoxiben were observed on heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure or the product of the two, the pressure rate index. Therefore, dazoxiben does not protect by reducing myocardial oxygen demand. 5 The mechanism of the protective action of dazoxiben in acute myocardial ischaemia seems to be either due to prevention of the constrictor and cytolytic actions of thromboxane A2 or to metabolic and cellular actions of dazoxiben unrelated to thromboxane synthetase inhibition. PMID- 6681712 TI - Angiosarcoma of liver and spleen in a scrap metal merchant. PMID- 6681713 TI - Small-intestinal Na+/D-glucose cotransport. Inactivation of sugar transport and phlorizin binding by thiol-group and amino-group reagents. AB - It has previously been shown that mercurials acting from the cytoplasmic side or from within the hydrophobic part of the membrane inactivate the small intestinal Na+/D-glucose cotransporter by blocking essential SH-groups (Klip, A., Grinstein, S. and Semenza, G. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 558, 233-245). Another (set of) sulfhydryl(s) which are critical for phlorizin binding and sugar transport function and which may lie on the luminal side of the brush border membrane, can be blocked by DTNB and 4,4'-dithiopyridine but not by N-ethylmaleimide. In addition, modification of amino groups by fluorescamine, reductive methylation and (under certain conditions) DIDS also lead to inactivation of the carrier's binding and transport functions. No evidence was obtained that any of the above groups is directly involved in the binding of either Na+/D-glucose or phlorizin, since none of these compounds prevented inactivation of the cotransporter. PMID- 6681714 TI - Characteristics of the protein kinase activity associated with rat neurofilament preparations. AB - Some properties of the protein kinase activity associated with neurofilaments isolated from the brain stem and spinal cord of rats have been investigated. The activity had an apparent Km for ATP of 20 microM, a pH optimum of 8.0 and phosphorylated both serine and threonine residues in neurofilament proteins. Cyclic AMP had no effect on the in vitro reaction and casein was a preferred exogenous substrate in comparison to histone. Phosphopeptide mapping of the 145 kDa subunit from neurofilaments phosphorylated in the presence and absence of microtubule proteins indicated that the neurofilament-associated activity was distinct from the microtubule-associated protein kinase. Limited proteolysis of neurofilaments with chymotrypsin indicated that the enzyme activity was not associated with a domain of the 200 kDa subunit which may form the side-arm projections on neurofilaments. PMID- 6681716 TI - Plasminogen activation by tissue activator is accelerated in the presence of fibrin(ogen) cyanogen bromide fragment FCB-2. AB - Fibrin, in contrast to fibrinogen, strongly accelerates the plasminogen activation by extrinsic activator (tissue-type plasminogen activator, t-PA). However, when fibrin and fibrinogen are digested with cyanogen bromide, both digests potentiate the t-PA-mediated plasminogen activation equally well. In this report, evidence is presented that this potentiating activity resides in CNBr fragment FCB-2 (= Ho1-DSK) and that a polymeric structure such as fibrin is not a prerequisite for the potentiation. PMID- 6681715 TI - Importance, localization and functional properties of the cell-associated form of plasminogen activator in mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - In inflammatory macrophages, plasminogen activator exists in two active forms, a soluble form released into the extracellular medium and a cell-associated form. This communication describes some properties of the cellular form of plasminogen activator, in intact macrophages and in cell lysates. Cellular plasminogen activator is a membrane protein, associated with the outer face of the plasma membrane; in intact macrophages, it participates in the activation of exogenous plasminogen and, thus, has to be considered as an ectoenzyme. A plasminogen activator activity can be detected in cell lysates (macrophage monolayers lysed in 0.1% Triton X-100) only when plasmin production is followed by the use of small synthetic substrates because a soluble inhibitor, released during extraction, blocks plasmin fibrinolytic activity. In these lysates, plasminogen activator molecules exist as high molecular weight unstable complexes exhibiting a high affinity for plasminogen. PMID- 6681717 TI - [Effect of past stress on the resistance of the myocardium to hypoxia]. AB - The effect of emotional painful stress on myocardial contractility and resistance to hypoxia was studied on the rat isolated atrium. It was established that in stress-exposed rats, myocardial resistance to hypoxia was reduced and contractility was depressed. It was manifested in accelerated development and greater degree of hypoxic contracture, as well as in a slower recovery of myocardial contractility under reoxygenation. The decreased myocardial resistance to hypoxia under stress is suggested to be related to the stress-induced alterations in glycolysis and calcium transport in cardiomyocytes. PMID- 6681718 TI - [Effect of emotional-pain stress on the adrenocholinoreactivity of the smooth muscle of the portal vein]. AB - Effect of emotional painful stress (EPS) on adreno- and cholinoreactivity of the portal vein was studied. EPS produced a significant decrease in adrenoceptor sensitivity of the vein to noradrenaline, which was not accompanied by a significant change of cholinoceptor sensitivity to acetylcholine. A possible mechanism of the phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 6681719 TI - [Effect of testosterone propionate on the induction by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine of angiosarcomas of the renal capsule in castrated mice]. AB - Administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) produced 83% (15/18) of renal capsule angiosarcomas in CBA mice. Castration that preceded the DMH-treatment reduced tumor incidence to 7% (2/29). Simultaneous administration of DMH and testosterone propionate (TP) to castrated males restored the tumor frequency (100%, 24/24). Castrated males that received TP after the cessation of the DMH treatment developed tumors in 10% (3/31). Combined treatment of castrated females with DMH and TP resulted in the development of angiosarcomas in 92% animals (22/24). It is concluded that TP enhances the stage of sarcomogenesis initiation induced by DMH. PMID- 6681720 TI - Possible mechanisms of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). PMID- 6681721 TI - A role for 5-hydroxytryptamine in the GABA-mimetic potentiation of alpha flupenthixol-induced catalepsy in the rat. AB - 1 alpha-Flupenthixol (alpha-FPT)-induced catalepsy in the rat was potentiated by diaminobutyric acid (DABA), an inhibitor of the neuronal high affinity uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). 2 The depletion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) abolished the DABA potentiation of alpha-FPT induced catalepsy; this response was restored with 5-hydroxytryptophan. 3 Potentiation of alpha-FPT-induced catalepsy by clonazepam was significantly reduced by methysergide. Conversely, the potentiation of catalepsy by clomipramine was significantly reduced by picrotoxin. 4 These results are interpreted as evidence supporting a role for 5-HT in modifying the GABA-ergic inhibition of dopaminergic pathways, possibly by regulating the release of GABA. PMID- 6681722 TI - Increased surface glycoconjugates of synaptic membranes in mice during chronic ethanol treatment. AB - Synaptosomal plasma membranes from mice treated chronically with ethanol were incubated with galactose oxidase and [3H]-sodium borohydride, in order to label the exposed galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine groups of glycoconjugates. The ethanol treatment approximately doubled the amount of exposed sugars. This change may be related to previously observed alterations in the physical properties of neuronal membranes in ethanol-treated mice. PMID- 6681723 TI - Island patch urethroplasty: effects on urinary flow and ejaculation. AB - Seventeen patients had a single-stage operation for urethral stricture. To avoid recurrence (which occurred in 2 patients) the urethra should be opened not only through the stricture but well beyond the pathological cavernous tissue. In 3 patients it was not possible to reconstruct the bulbocavernosus muscle over the bulb. This resulted in urethral pouching which did not interfere with micturition, except for after-dribbling, but prevented forceful ejaculation and the semen leaked slowly for several minutes. Excision of the apex of the scrotal skin flap to the island patch seems to prevent marginal skin necrosis. PMID- 6681724 TI - Discriminant analysis of the localization of aggression-inducing electrode placements in the hypothalamus of male rats. AB - Over 400 sites in the hypothalami of 270 male CPB/WE-zob rats were electrically stimulated in order to induce fights between males. The localization of electrodes inducing fights seems to differ from the localization of electrodes in which no fights can be induced. The differences in localization were detected and tested by a non-parametric discriminant analysis. The results were plotted by computer in a stereotaxic atlas of the hypothalamus of the CPB/WE strain. The method delimits areas within the hypothalamus where the probability to induce aggression is high, intermediate or low. Moreover, the procedure allows discrimination between areas where the thresholds for attack behaviour are generally lower than elsewhere and where the fiercest forms of attack are induced. None of the areas delimited coincide with a classical subdivision of the hypothalamus. Parts of the perifornical, anterior, lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus seem to be involved. The methods developed here may help to relate stimulation-induced aggression to other characteristics of the 'aggressive' area which cannot be obtained directly from fighting rats such as cytological, endocrinological, biochemical or physiological data. In addition, the procedure may help to settle disputes on the specificity of the localization of neural substrates of other stimulation-induced behaviours. The methods to discriminate between overlapping 3-dimensional reconstructions validated here for aggressive responses, can also be applied to other types of stereotaxic data and other types of effects, such as electrical, hormonal or other physiological responses. They may be especially useful if the localization of the neural population involved is not yet known, and unknown current-spread or diffusion of substances complicates the interpretation of stereotaxic data. PMID- 6681725 TI - Resuscitation of the newborn at delivery. PMID- 6681726 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy with cis-diamminodichloroplatinum II and 120-hour infusion 5-fluorouracil in Stage III and IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - A prospective study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness and toxicity of three courses of combination high-dose bolus CDDP and 120-hour continuous infusion 5-FU every three weeks prior to definitive surgery and/or radiation therapy in 35 patients with locally advanced Stage III and IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Twenty-two patients (63%) achieved a CR and 11 (31%) a PR after three cycles of chemotherapy, for an objective response rate of 94%. Toxicity was clinically acceptable. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 23 of 35 (66%) without any patients discontinuing therapy for this reason. Leukopenia in 13 (37%) and reversible azotemia in six (17%). Following three courses of chemotherapy, 13 patients had surgical resection and 12 patients had radiation therapy. Ten of these 35 patients had no pathologic evidence of cancer in the surgical specimen or preradiation therapy biopsy. Only two patients of those achieving a complete objective response have relapsed. However, the median follow up has been short. The authors concluded that three courses of CDDP and 5-FU is a highly effective and safe adjuvant treatment in patients with advanced carcinoma of the head and neck. PMID- 6681727 TI - Primary sarcoma of the liver in the adult. AB - Primary undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver is a rare tumor, being documented primarily in the pediatric age group. This report describes the occurrence of such a tumor in a 55-year-old white woman with Meyenburg's complexes of the liver and the CRST syndrome. The clinicopathologic features of the tumor in the adult are characterized and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 6681728 TI - Oxidative metabolism, cytoskeletal system, and calcium entry of leukocytes in the phenomenon of sensitizing cancer extract-induced leukocyte adherence inhibition. AB - We examined some of the metabolic events that regulate sensitizing cancer extract induced leukocyte adherence inhibition and found that human leukocytes adhere in a comparatively passive manner to glass in serum-free medium. Adherence of leukocytes to glass did not require oxidative metabolism, microtubules, microfilaments, or calcium entry, whereas leukocyte mobility excited by sensitizing cancer extract did. Calcium antagonists, lanthanum chloride, cromolyn sodium, nifedipine, trifluoperazine, and lidocaine, prevented sensitizing cancer extract-induced leukocyte mobility. Calcium agonist, ionophore A23187, excited leukocyte mobility. Ouabain, which inhibits Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase and may increase intracellular Ca2+ as a result, also excited leukocyte mobility. Monocytes, armed with serum from patients with early cancer and challenged with the same sensitizing tumor antigen, generated a leukotriene mediator that excited leukocyte mobility; cromolyn sodium, nifedipine, and trifluoperazine antagonized the synthesis of the mediator. The calcium antagonists inhibited the leukotriene mediator and authentic leukotrienes B4, C4, and D4 from exciting leukocyte mobility. The results showed that leukocyte mobility, excited by sensitizing cancer extract, is an active process depending upon immunologically triggered release of a leukotriene mediator from armed monocytes. Leukocyte adherence inhibition requires many of the same physiological events that chemokinesis and chemotaxis do and is thus an assay to study either immunologically released chemoattractants or chemoattractants themselves on leukocyte locomotion. PMID- 6681729 TI - Improvement in the therapeutic index of cisplatin (NSC 119875) by pharmacologically induced chloruresis in the rat. PMID- 6681730 TI - Intraperitoneal cis-diamminedichloroplatinum with systemic thiosulfate protection. AB - The toxicity and pharmacokinetics of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin) (90 mg/sq m) administered as a single 4-hr peritoneal dialysis, with or without concurrent i.v. infusion of sodium thiosulfate, 0.43 or 2.13 g/sq m/hr for 12 hr, were studied on 20 courses of treatment. When given without thiosulfate, the toxicity of cisplatin was systemic rather than local, and the peritoneal cavity/plasma ratio of the area under the curve was 12. Addition of i.v. thiosulfate significantly reduced the nephrotoxicity. The concentration of cisplatin in the peritoneal cavity was sufficiently greater than that in the plasma to prevent thiosulfate, which equilibrated into the cavity, from interfering with the antitumor activity of cisplatin in the peritoneum. This study demonstrates a pharmacokinetic advantage of i.p. chemotherapy with cisplatin. PMID- 6681731 TI - Plasma platinum levels: relationship to cisplatin dose and nephrotoxicity. AB - Renal dysfunction is the dose-limiting toxic effect for many patients receiving cisplatin (CP). Despite hydration and/or forced diuresis, some patients develop nephrotoxicity, and patients at risk cannot be easily identified. We studied 77 patients with several types of carcinoma who received 115 cycles of CP, by 24 hour infusion, at doses of 40-100 mg/m2. Blood samples for platinum (Pt) analysis were obtained during and after CP infusion; plasma Pt levels were dose- and time dependent. A significant rise in serum creatinine was seen after the first cycle and cumulatively over subsequent CP cycles. The largest subgroup of patients, those who received 80 mg/m2, was analyzed for predictors of nephrotoxicity. Twenty-five percent of patients exhibited nephrotoxicity (greater than 30% rise in serum creatinine or greater than 30% fall in creatinine clearance). These nephrotoxic patients had significantly higher plasma Pt levels during CP infusion than did nonnephrotoxic patients. Age, sex, cycle number, and pretreatment creatinine did not predict nephrotoxicity. Patients predisposed to nephrotoxicity with CP chemotherapy may be identifiable, on the basis of elevated plasma Pt, early in the course of CP infusion. PMID- 6681732 TI - Phase II study of four-drug chemotherapy for metastatic neuroblastoma: a pediatric oncology group study. PMID- 6681733 TI - Full-thickness skin necrosis due to inadvertent interstitial infusion of cisplatin. PMID- 6681735 TI - Spermatogonial multiplication in the Chinese hamster. III. Labelling indices of undifferentiated spermatogonia throughout the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. AB - Radioautography of whole mounts of seminiferous tubules of the Chinese hamster was performed after injection of [3H]thymidine. The labelling index (LI) of undifferentiated spermatogonia was determined throughout the whole cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. The LI of these cells was found to be highest between stages XI and IV. The LI for Apr and Aal spermatogonia decreases around stage III but remains at a relatively high level for As spermatogonia until stage VII. From these data, which agree well with previously recorded cell counts and mitotic indices (Lok, Jansen & Rooij, 1982a; Lok, Weenk & Rooij, 1982b), and from the known cell cycle properties (Lok et al., 1982a), the growth fractions of the various types of undifferentiated spermatogonia during the epithelial cycle could be calculated. Furthermore, it could also be calculated from the labelling indices that the proliferative activity of the As and Apr spermatogonia is sufficient to yield the necessary number of Aal/A1 spermatogonia for each cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. An interesting phenomenon is described; many more labelled Apr spermatogonia were found compared with the number of labelled As spermatogonia than one would expect in a steady state kinetic system. It is proposed that some of the labelled Apr spermatogonia are false pairs and still lose their cytoplasmic bridges at mitosis, thus yielding new As and/or Apr spermatogonia. PMID- 6681734 TI - Induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide and maintenance chemotherapy with doxorubicin and 5-FU in advanced urinary bladder tumors. PMID- 6681736 TI - Characterization of target cells for MCF viruses in AKR mice. AB - The recombinant (MCF) class of murine leukemia virus appears to play an important role in lymphomagenesis in AKR and other mice. Although much effort has been extended in characterizing MCF viruses, relatively little is known about the cells they infect. I examined what cells were targets in AKR mice for both lymphomagenic and nonlymphomagenic MCF viruses. Lymphomagenic MCF viruses of thymic origin (AKR-247 and C58L1) were found to infect and replicate selectively in immature lymphocytes only present in thymic cortex, whereas nonlymphomagenic MCF viruses of splenic origin (C58v-1-C77 and C58v-2-C45) selectively infected and replicated in cells that appeared to B lymphocytes. Virus-binding studies suggested that neither T- nor B-lymphocyte tropisms were determined by selective attachment of virus to the respective cells. These findings demonstrate that in contrast with ecotropic viruses, which can infect many types of cells in the mouse, specific cellular tropisms can exist for MCF viruses, and that MCF infection, and therefore oncogenicity, is closely linked to cellular differentiation. PMID- 6681737 TI - Many cytoskeletal proteins associate with the hela cytoskeleton during translation in vitro. AB - Observations that cytoskeletal proteins assemble in vivo close to the time and site of synthesis have been confirmed and extended by an in vitro translation system. HeLa cytoskeletons prepared with Triton in a translation-extraction buffer without reticulocyte or wheat germ lysate efficiently incorporate 35S methionine into polypeptides, and are stable during this translation. Cytoskeletal proteins translated in this way associate with the HeLa cytoskeleton independent of the concentration of soluble proteins. These associations are puromycin-resistant before the proteins are complete; the protein associations made in vitro show only minor differences from those made in vivo. The protein associations are not simply a consequence of protein solubility in the buffers used, as the associations require initiation in vivo. These results indicate that many cytoskeletal proteins associate with the cytoskeleton during translation. PMID- 6681738 TI - The microsurgical dissection of a stillborn fetal clubfoot. AB - A microsurgical dissection was performed on a clubfoot of a seven-month-old stillborn fetus with camptomelic dysplasia. The most important anatomic alteration was marked rotation of the calcaneus beneath the talus. The calcaneus was rotated around a vertical axis. Its anterior aspect was rotated medially, while its posterior aspect was rotated laterally. A series of photographs obtained during the dissection shows the degree of realignment achieved by each stage of the progressive or stepwise surgical dissection. Dissection simulating a posteromedial release and plantar release failed to realign the hindfoot. A complete subtalar release was necessary to reposition the bones of the hindfoot completely. In this specimen, metatarsal capsulotomies were required to realign the forefoot, and the osteotomies of the tibia and tibula were required to straighten the angular deformities characteristic of camptomelic dysplasia, as well as the significant external torsion of these bones. PMID- 6681739 TI - Diurnal variation in prednisolone kinetics. AB - Plasma concentrations of free and total prednisolone were measured after oral doses at four time points to investigate the possibility of a diurnal variation in the drug's kinetics. There were marked differences in plasma prednisolone concentrations, clearance rates, and bioavailability of both free and total fractions at different times of the day. Changes in the protein binding characteristics of prednisolone with clock time resulted in marked differences between the kinetics of free and total prednisolone. It is recommended that for maximum efficacy and minimum toxicity prednisolone therapy be confined to once daily dosing in the morning. PMID- 6681740 TI - The role of grammars in models of language use. PMID- 6681741 TI - Beliefs about beliefs: representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception. PMID- 6681742 TI - On length and structure in sentence parsing. PMID- 6681743 TI - The representation of harmonic structure in music: hierarchies of stability as a function of context. PMID- 6681744 TI - Liver cirrhosis in hamsters infected with Dipetalonema viteae. PMID- 6681745 TI - Sexual dysfunction and erectile impotence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 6681746 TI - Diurnal changes in colonic motor profile in conscious dogs. AB - Continuous strain gauge recordings of ileal and proximal colonic motility were performed in 5 dogs fitted with a cannula in the ileum. The 22-hr records obtained with a normal ileocolonic transit were repeated during external deviation of digesta and after vagotomy. In the fasted state, the motility of the proximal colon was characterized by phases of contractions occurring at 25-min mean intervals modulated by the occurrence of migrating motor complexes on the ileum. Food intake induced three consecutive changes in colonic motility: a supplementary phase of activity immediately after the meal, an inhibition during the second postprandial hour, and a period of increased frequency of the phases of activity lasting 8-10 hr. The fasted motor profile of the proximal colon reappeared at the end of the postprandial disruption of the ileal cyclic activity. External deviation of ileal content abolished the late colonic response to the meal. Vagotomy did not modify any diurnal variation. PMID- 6681747 TI - [Fungus colonization in colitis]. AB - Fungal cultures, unstained smears and histological assessment of endoscopically obtained particles from ulcers in rectum, colon or terminal ileum were obtained in a prospective study of possible fungal infection in 78 patients with colitis of various aetiologies (Crohn's disease - 46; ulcerative colitis - 21; infectious colitis - 5; ischaemic colitis - 2; radiation colitis - 1; non-classifiable colitis - 3). Positive fungal culture was obtained in 13 patients (16.7%). The germ count was low (2--8 colonies per biopsy piece). The demonstrated fungi were almost exclusively Candida or Torulopsis. The potentially pathogenic mycelia phase of the fungi were never seen, either histologically or in unstained preparations. Stool specimens, obtained at the same time, were examined in 54 patients: positive cultures were obtained in 14 (25.9%). Only rarely were there concordance of positive fungal findings in both ulcer particles and faeces. It is concluded that (1) there is little danger of secondary fungal infection in colitis of various aetiologies; (2) positive faecal fungal culture is apparently of no pathogenic significance if the germ count is less than 10(6) per gram stool; (3) in the lower as well as the upper gastro-intestinal tract pathogenic fungal infection can be demonstrated only by endoscopy and biopsy. PMID- 6681748 TI - [Acute interstitial nephritis with iridocyclitis. Effect of systemic steroid therapy]. PMID- 6681749 TI - [Indications for the use of intravenous immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6681750 TI - Alterations of mechanical characteristics of human skeletal muscle during strength training. AB - To investigate the influence of strength training on the mechanical characteristics of human skeletal muscle, 14 male subjects went through training of combined heavy concentric and eccentric contractions three times a week for 16 weeks. The strength training program consisted mainly of dynamic exercises for leg extensors with loads of 80 to 120% of one maximum repetition. The force-time curves produced during various vertical jumps were the basis for calculation of various mechanical parameters. In addition to a great increase (p less than 0.001) in maximal isometric force, heavy resistance strength training also caused significant (p less than 0.05-0.01) increases in heights and in various mechanical parameters in positive work phases of vertical and drop jumps. The increase in positive force during a fast dynamic contraction was correlated (p less than 0.01) with the reduced time to produce a certain submaximal force level in isometric condition. No changes in the elastic properties of the muscle were observed as judged from the difference between the counter-movement and squat jumps. When the training was followed by the 8-week detraining period a great decrease (p less than 0.001) in maximal force took place, but only minor changes (ns) were observed in fast force production. PMID- 6681751 TI - Metabolic and hormonal responses of elite swimmers during a regular training session. AB - Metabolic and hormonal measures of eight elite swimmers were taken at rest and during a regular training session after a prolonged bout of swimming (4560 +/- 68 m) at moderate intensity (MI) and after medium duration-high intensity (HI) swimming exercise (1471 +/- 157 m). MI and HI swims were respectively associated with significant increases in free fatty acids (0.4 at rest to 0.8 and 0.67 microeq . ml-1) glycerol (0.1 to 0.26 and 0.25 mmol . l-1), growth hormone (14 to 65 and 51 ng . ml-1) and norepinephrine (0.5 to 3.9 and 4.1 ng . ml-1). HI contrary to MI swimming was also associated with a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in blood lactate (1.5 to 8.8 mmol . l-1) and epinephrine (0.13 to 0.71 ng . ml-1) concentrations. Glucose, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol concentrations were not changed during the training session. It is concluded that a regular training session in elite swimmers is associated with an increase in lipid utilization, and a modest change in some of the hormones directly involved in the regulation of blood glucose level. PMID- 6681752 TI - Physiological and psychological indices of fatigue during static contractions. AB - The development of fatigue and the relationship between psychological and physiological indices of fatigue were studied in a group of 18 male subjects during static contractions. Exercise was performed as a static elbow flexion at 25% MVC. Heart rate (HR), intraarterial blood pressure (BP) and surface EMG [mean amplitude (MA) and central frequency (CF)] were studied during contractions sustained until exhaustion. The amount of effort expended (relative to total exhaustion) and the rating of perceived pain were recorded following contractions interrupted after 20, 30 . . . 80, and 100% of endurance time. HR, BP and EMG amplitude responses were similar to those previously recorded. The decline in CF occurred in two phases, possibly related to a change in motor unit recruitment after the initial 70% of endurance time. The subjects overestimated the amount of effort expended and thus underestimated their endurance capacity. The best correlation between perceived effort and physiological responses was obtained using blood pressure data, whereas changes in EMG data did not parallel the psychological responses. It is concluded that the perception of effort during a static contraction is produced through a complex process, in which several influences of peripheral and central origin are integrated. PMID- 6681754 TI - Sweating and sweat decline of resting men in hot humid environments. AB - Time courses of the rates of sweating, drippage and evaporation were studied in hot humid environments. Resting subjects wearing only briefs were exposed to humid conditions, before, during and after humid heat acclimation, so that different levels of skin wettedness could be studied on the entire body. In addition, local sweat rate was measured on the right upper limb, which was enclosed in a highly ventilated arm-chamber. Thus, the arm remained drier than the rest of the body surface. The results confirm that sweating efficiency is related to the skin wettedness level, and that the decline in intensity of sweating is linked to maximal inefficient sweat drippage before the onset of hidromeiosis. Comparison of general and local sweat decreases confirms that hidromeiosis originates from skin hydration. However it is likely that some factor related to blood content acts on the hidromeiotic process, at least after humid heat acclimation. PMID- 6681753 TI - Blood volume and protein responses to skin cooling and warming during cycling exercise. AB - The effects of alterations in mean skin temperature (Tsk) on intravascular volume and protein responses to 90 min of bicycle ergometer exercise have been studied in six male subjects. The onset of exercise was accompanied by an initial rapid haemoconcentration, followed by a slower, progressive haemoconcentration as core and skin temperatures increased. Cooling the skin after 30 min of exercise abolished the slow haemoconcentration, and thereafter, even when Tsk was raised to the pre-exercise level during the final 30 min of exercise, little further change in blood volume was observed. During skin warming, and during recovery from exercise, there was an increase in the total intravascular protein content compared with before exercise. It is concluded that the progressive haemoconcentration often described during cycling exercise may be attributed to an increase in skin blood flow occurring as a result of rises in core and skin temperature, the associated increase in filtration through the cutaneous capillaries causing a progressive loss of plasma volume. The mechanism of the augmentation of intravascular protein remains unclear. PMID- 6681755 TI - Modifications of sweating responses to thermal transients following heat acclimation. AB - The sweating response was studied before and after passive humid heat acclimation in four resting male subjects who were exposed to slow thermal transients increasing air and wall temperatures from 28 degrees C to 45 degrees C. The slopes of the ambient temperature increases were +0.19 degrees C . min-1; +0.16 degrees C . min-1 or +0.14 degrees C . min-1. Dew-point temperature and air velocity were kept constant (17.5 degrees C; 0.3 m . s-1). Continuous measurements were made of oesophageal temperature, mean skin temperature, whole body sweat loss and of right upper limb sweating responses. The local sweating response was measured from an arm chamber under a local thermal clamp (Tsk,1 = 38 degrees C). The results confirmed the fact that heat acclimation to humid heat induces a shortening in the time lag of sweat onset and increases the local sweating rates while internal temperature changes are reduced. These modifications are interpreted as a non-linearity in the response of the central controller, involving both a change in the central gain and an upward resetting of the "local sweating rate-body temperature" curves, without any shifting of the hypothalamic set-point temperature as it is currently described. However, a modification of local sweat gland activity occurring with heat acclimation cannot be ruled out. PMID- 6681756 TI - A work-energy approach to determine individual joint contributions to vertical jump performance. AB - A work-energy approach was used to determine the contributions of the muscles crossing the hip, knee and ankle joints to the total positive work done during maximal vertical jumps. It was found that the average relative contributions of the ankle and hip muscles were approximately 23 and 28% respectively, with the remaining 49% of the work being done by the muscles acting at the knee joint. The efficiency of jumping, i.e. the ratio of potential energy gained to the net mechanical work done by the muscles acting at the three lower limb joints was nearly 1.0. These results stress the importance of all three major leg extensor muscle groups to the performance of an explosive activity such as vertical jumping. It is suggested that the work-energy approach supplies useful information concerning joint contributions without the problems associated with other techniques. PMID- 6681757 TI - Cardio-respiratory physical training in water and on land. AB - Fifteen unconditioned young men, who were similar in maximal aerobic power (VO2 max), were divided into three groups (n = 5 each) and physically trained for one month on a cycle ergometer either on land (I) or immersed to the neck in water of either 32 degrees C (II) or 20 degrees C (III) to determine if physical training (PT) in water and air differ. PT consisted of one-hour daily exercise, 5 times/wk, with exercise intensity readjusted each week to maintain a constant training stimulus of approximately 75% VO2 max (determined on land). Throughout the training period, heart rates (fc) of III averaged 20 and 10 beats . min-1 less than I and II, respectively, despite working at the same VO2 and % VO2 max. Training elicited a 16% increase in VO2 max in I compared to increases of 13 and 15% for II and III, respectively. It was concluded that PT in water produces similar physiological adaptations as does training on land. In cold water, VO2 max is improved despite training with fc significantly lower than that on land. PMID- 6681758 TI - A simple method for measurement of mechanical power in jumping. AB - A simple test for the measurement of mechanical power during a vertical rebound jump series has been devised. The test consists of measuring the flight time with a digital timer (+/- 0.001 s) and counting the number of jumps performed during a certain period of time (e.g., 15-60 s). Formulae for calculation of mechanical power from the measured parameters were derived. The relationship between this mechanical power and a modification of the Wingate test (r = 0.87, n = 12 males) and 60 m dash (r = 0.84, n = 12 males) were very close. The mechanical power in a 60 s jumping test demonstrated higher values (20 W X kgBW-1) than the power in a modified (60 s) Wingate test (7 W X kgBW-1) and a Margaria test (14 W X kgBW-1). The estimated powers demonstrated different values because both bicycle riding and the Margaria test reflect primarily chemo-mechanical conversion during muscle contraction, whereas in the jumping test elastic energy is also utilized. Therefore the new jumping test seems suitable to evaluate the power output of leg extensor muscles during natural motion. Because of its high reproducibility (r = 0.95) and simplicity, the test is suitable for laboratory and field conditions. PMID- 6681759 TI - VO2max of cyclists from treadmill, bicycle ergometer and velodrome tests. AB - The purpose of this study was to measure the VO2max of trained cyclists on the treadmill (means +/- SD = 54.7 +/- 6.3 ml kg-1 min-1), while riding a bicycle on a velodrome track at 100 rpm (53.7 +/- 7.8) and on the bicycle ergometer at 60 rpm (62.4 +/- 8.1): VO2max beeing the highest in the latter case (p less than 0.05). The highest maximal HR, 188 +/- 6 beats min-1, was observed during the treadmill test, while estimates of 184 +/- 6 and 179 +/- 7 were obtained for the velodrome and the bicycle ergometer tests, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the blood lactate concentrations (treadmill: 10.35 +/- 4.01 bicycle ergometer: 10.25 +/- 2.29 velodrome: 10.95 +/- 1.51 mmol L-1. In conclusion, bicycle ergometer tests might not be specific enough to evaluate the ability of trained cyclists to perform an endurance or aerobic task on the track. Trained cyclists, as opposed to untrained ones, appear to achieve higher VO2max on the bicycle ergometer as compared to the treadmill. PMID- 6681761 TI - Translational stability of plant viral RNAs microinjected into living cells. Influence of a 3'-poly(A) segment. AB - Three different alternative structural features have been shown to be present at the 3' terminus of plant viral RNAs: (a) a poly(A) track, (b) a tRNA-like structure, (c) no special structural or sequence characteristic. We have compared the translational stability after injection into frog oocytes of a representative of each type: (a) the small genomic RNA (M-RNA) of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), (b) the subgenomic mRNA for coat protein (RNA 4) of brome mosaic virus (BMV), (c) the subgenomic mRNA for coat protein (RNA 4) of alfalfa mosaic virus (AIMV). It has been shown that CPMV M-RNA exhibits the highest translational stability. However, the stability of AIMV RNA 4 is remarkably high and moreover significantly higher than that of BMV RNA 4. We demonstrate that, for all three viral RNA species considered, the presence of a poly(A) segment at the 3' end of the molecules improves the translational stability. From a comparative investigation in which AIMV RNA 4 was also injected into HeLa cells, it is concluded that the stability of a given non-adenylylated mRNA depends on the nature of the cytoplastic environment. PMID- 6681760 TI - [Transient behaviour of the heart rate in man depending on respiratory cycle during fast tilt]. AB - The initial heart rate response to rapid passive changing of posture was analysed in 43 normal subjects. The tilting (mean tilt time: 1.7 s) was applied during expiration or inspiration. As compared to inspiration, the 70 degrees head-up tilt during expiration resulted in significantly higher values of heart rate increase and longer duration of the "initial complex", i.e. the immediate increase and the following decrease of heart rate to a minimum after tilting. The heart rate response to tilting from erect to supine position was not symmetrical to that during head-up tilt: at first the heart rate increased, about 6 s after the change of body position heart rate decreased suddenly, mostly below the recumbent control value, which was attained again after about 20-30 s. The distinct initial heart rate response to the head-up tilt probably can be explained in part by the hydrostatically caused drop of the mural pressure at the level of carotid artery and the different sensitivity of arterial baroreflex during the respiratory cycle. Other mechanisms, e.g. the participation of chronotropic autoregulation are discussed. PMID- 6681762 TI - The major proteins from HeLa cells. Identification and intracellular localization. PMID- 6681763 TI - Ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (hPL) by ovarian carcinoma. AB - Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (hPL) are placental proteins whose ectopic secretion by non-trophoblast tumours has been claimed to be of clinical relevance. Radioimmunoassays for hCG and hPL, together with human luteinising hormone (hLH), have been established and plasma levels were measured in 61 patients with carcinoma of the ovary. Approximately 51% of the patients were found to have raised plasma hCG levels. Such raised titres were not stage or tumour-type related but occurred only in post-menopausal subjects. The majority of patients with raised hCG levels also had raised plasma hLH levels. Assay cross-reactivity was shown to account for the 'spurious' hCG elevations. However, hCG may be an ectopic product in a minority of tumours; elevated plasma hCG levels were shown to coexist with low hLH levels. Although such lesions did not show morphologically identifiable choriocarcinomatous elements, all were poorly differentiated carcinomas. In some cells hCG was demonstrated by immunocytochemical methods. No patients had a raised plasma hPL level. It is concluded that these placental proteins are of no clinical use in the management of ovarian carcinoma patients. PMID- 6681764 TI - Care of cancer patients in thirty-one Italian general hospitals. Methodological aspects and general findings. AB - A large sample of cancer patients was reviewed over a two-year period (1978-1979) in 31 general and community hospitals representing five Italian regions, differing in terms of health care organization. Two thousand four hundred and six patients had breast cancer, 1692 lung cancer, 303 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 277 ovarian cancer and 235 Hodgkin's lymphoma. Relevant information was collected from medical records through specific pre-standardized and tested forms. The paper discusses the results obtained with respect to (a) general descriptive data of the population; (b) completeness and reliability of recorded data (e.g. staging, histological classification, therapy); and (c) accuracy and completeness of the follow-up. Consistency of the information obtained on selected items with published series of patients suggests that this methodology is worth a wider testing as a simple, inexpensive tool for routinely monitoring the care of cancer patients and the impact on it of organizational and educational interventions. PMID- 6681765 TI - Validation of the SCM-test for the diagnosis of cancer. AB - The basic aspects of the SCM-test are summarized. A derivation of the fluorescence intensity vs time curve is given as well as that of the polarization as a function of time. These curves are found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The test is applied to the lymphocytes of twenty-six healthy individuals and of thirty-three cancer patients. No false negative results were obtained. Seven cancer patients were found to be negative after various intervals from the removal of the tumour. The most important technical difficulties and pitfalls are discussed in order to facilitate the reproduction of the test by other researchers. PMID- 6681766 TI - On the receiving end--patient perception of the side-effects of cancer chemotherapy. AB - We conducted a survey to identify and rank side-effects perceived by 99 patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Non-physical side-effects constituted 54% of the 15 most severe symptoms, and included the thought of coming for treatment, the length of time taken by treatment and having to have a needle. Major physical side-effects were vomiting, nausea and hair loss. Differences in ranking of severity of side-effects were evident when patient groups were divided by sex, age, marital status and domestic situation, as well as by diagnosis, treatment and response. Evaluation of patient perception of the severity of side-effects is an aid to striking the cost benefit balance when deciding whether to use cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6681767 TI - The influence of a heat pulse on the thermally induced damage to tumour microcirculation. AB - The effect of an initial short period of higher-temperature heat application on the stoppage of the microcirculation in the experimental rhabdomyosarcoma BA1112 in 'sandwich' chambers was investigated. The treatment consisted of an initial heat pulse of 45 degrees C for 10 min which was followed by a continuous exposure at 42.5 degrees C for 3 hr. Using the 't1/2 per degrees C' rule, the time equivalent of the heat pulse was 94 min. Taking this contribution into account, the derived 50% stoppage time of 151 min is essentially the same as the 152 min observed for 42.5 degrees C only treatments. The data therefore indicate that the effect of a heat pulse in the treatment can be accounted for by the customary correction procedure of one time exposure doubling per degrees C. However, it appeared that the microcirculation in the surrounding tumour bed was impaired more than was expected by this treatment. PMID- 6681768 TI - Low- and high-risk malignant melanoma--I. Evaluation of clinical and histological prognosticators in 585 cases. AB - In 585 cases with primary cutaneous stage I malignant melanoma (294 disease-free for at least 5 yr, 291 with later metastases) prognostic parameters were examined. The most effective proved to be tumor thickness and mitotic activity, particularly when combined as a prognostic index. Furthermore, vascular invasion, ulceration in thick tumors (thickness greater than or equal to 3.0 mm), severe cellular atypia, the small, lymphocytic-like cell type and the absence of an inflammatory reaction were closely associated with a high rate of metastatic cases. Less relevant prognostic factors were the level of invasion, sex, site, tumor breadth, clinical diameters and infiltrative growth. Tumor type, age, duration and an adjacent nevocellular nevus were not significantly associated with the occurrence of later metastases. Furthermore, the growth-type (exo- or endophytic) did not have a bearing on the prognosis. PMID- 6681769 TI - Low- and high-risk malignant melanoma--II. Multivariate analyses for a prognostic classification. PMID- 6681770 TI - Low- and high-risk malignant melanoma--III. Prognostic significance of the resection margin. AB - The influence of the resection margin on the prognosis of malignant melanoma was investigated in 577 cases (stage I), 285 with later recurrences and 292 disease free for at least 5 yr. The resection margins varied considerably, with less than or equal to 10 mm in 172 cases and ca. 50 mm in 85 cases. Low- and high-risk melanomas (determined by means of tumor thickness and mitotic index) were found to be distributed evenly, with only minor variations for different resection margins. The occurrence of metastases was found to be independent of the resection margin, and several statistical methods were used (correlation coefficients, chi-square tests, discriminant analyses). This was also true when high-risk cases were analyzed separately. In contrast, for low-risk melanoma (68 cases), the six metastatic cases had a resection margin less than or equal to 20 mm (11.8% vs 0%, P = 0.3). Furthermore, local recurrences (40 in 482 cases) were seen more frequently in cases with a resection margin less than 30 mm (10.0 vs 2.9%, P = 0.02). However, local recurrences did not appear to be responsible for disseminated disease, as 82.1% were at high and 10.3% were at medium risk. The benefit of a 5-cm resection margin could not be substantiated in this study. A 3 cm resection margin may be necessary to lower the risk of local recurrences and a 2-cm margin appeared to be sufficient for low-risk melanoma. PMID- 6681771 TI - Activity of camptothecin, harringtonin, cantharidin and curcumae in the human tumor stem cell assay. AB - The antitumor activity of four investigational natural products (camptothecin, harringtonin, cantharidin and curcumae) obtained from China were tested on human tumor biopsies in an in vitro soft agar clonogenic assay system. Significant antitumor activity was seen with camptothecin against human ovarian cancer and some other adenocarcinomas. Antitumor activity was also observed for harringtonin against adenocarcinoma and sarcoma. Both drugs also appeared to show activity in melanoma and mesothelioma. However, cantharidin and curcumae were relatively ineffective on the human tumors tested. For purposes of comparing the intensity of antitumor effects with standard cytotoxic drugs to those of the four new agents, the ID50 values were calculated. The ratio of ID50S of new drugs to the standard agents doxorubicin, cis-platinum and vinblastine (ID50 of the standard drug/ID50 of tested drug) were 10.2, 64.1 and 1.9 for camptothecin and 1.5, 10.3 and 0.9 for harrington respectively. A relationship was observed between the duration of drug exposure (1 hr prior to plating vs continuous contact in the agar) and inhibition of clonogenic tumor cells for camptothecin, harringtonin and doxorubicin. PMID- 6681772 TI - Vascular occlusion and tumour cell death. AB - Vascular occlusion has been tested as a means of inducing regrowth delay, local control, reduced cell viability and prolonged alteration of blood flow in mouse tumours. The occlusion has been achieved by applying D-shaped metal clamps across the base of subcutaneously implanted tumours. The period of clamping has been varied from 30 min to 24 hr. Marked tumour regression, delayed growth and long term tumour control were seen, with the magnitude of the response being proportional to the duration of clamping. Vessel occlusion for at least 15 hr is necessary to achieve local cure of the tumour. The overall effect results partly from an immediate loss of cell viability and partly from a failure of the capillary network to recover its normal perfusion pattern after the clamp has been removed. The implications of this for anti-proliferative endothelial therapy is discussed. PMID- 6681773 TI - Differing electrical surface charge and transplantation properties of genetically variant sublines of the TA3 murine adenocarcinoma tumor. AB - Comparative measurements have been made of the transplantation and electrical surface charge properties of the near-diploid TA3-Ha ascites tumor and a new hypotetraploid ascites subline designated TA3-L. The negative surface charge density and the density of electrophoretically detectable sialic acid residues were determined to be twice as great for TA3-L as TA3-Ha cells. The two TA3 sublines were found to have identical growth properties in isogeneic mice and to exhibit progressive growth in three allogeneic strains of mice. The lethal tumor cell inoculum in allogeneic mice was lower in all cases for the TA3-L cells. From a comparison of several TA3 ascites tumor sublines, it can be concluded that their transplantability into allogeneic strains of mice is correlated with the density of negative surface charge but is independent of the degree of tumor aneuploidy. PMID- 6681774 TI - Effect of AT1727 on growth and metastasis of murine tumours. AB - AT1727 was tested on 5 different murine tumour systems. Compared with its analogue, razoxane, AT1727 was less effective at multiple low doses against sarcoma 180 and L1210 leukaemia. A single high-dose treatment with AT1727 was, however, more active than razoxane. AT1727 inhibited the growth of the Lewis lung primary tumour and significantly reduced the number of pulmonary metastases. Although AT1727 showed a slight inhibitory effect on the growth of the B16 primary, it had no effect on the metastases. PMID- 6681775 TI - Phase II trial of diaziquone (AZQ) in advanced malignant melanoma. AB - Forty-two evaluable patients with malignant melanoma received AZQ 27 mg/m2 i.v. every 4 weeks. In 5 patients with poor marrow reserve this dose was reduced to 20 mg/m2. Doses were rapidly escalated when no significant myelosuppression was encountered in previous courses. Twenty-five patients had received no prior chemotherapy. A single partial response was obtained for 3 months. Inconsistent myelosuppression was the main toxic effect in this trial. The median WBC and platelet nadirs were 3200/mm3 (900-19,500) and 105,000/mm3 (33,000-530,000) respectively. In 2 patients leukopenia was complicated by a transient episode of infection. One-third of the patients did not experience significant myelosuppression. Non-hematologic adverse reactions were generally mild to moderate and consisted of nausea and vomiting in 26 patients and alopecia in 1. It is concluded that at this dose schedule AZQ is ineffective against malignant melanoma. PMID- 6681776 TI - Effects of maternal hyperphenylalaninemia on fetal brain development: a morphological study. AB - We examined the effects of maternal hyperphenylalaninemia on the morphological development of the fetal and neonatal rat brain. High concentrations of phenylalanine were induced in pregnant rats from embryonic days 14 through 21 by subcutaneous injections of alpha-methylphenylalanine (mPhe) (to inhibit maternal phenylalanine hydroxylase) at a dosage of 30 mg/100 g body weight plus phenylalanine (Phe) supplementation (to raise fetal plasma phenylalanine) at a dosage of 60 mg/100 g body weight two times daily at 12-h intervals. This treatment resulted in a significant hyperphenylalaninemia compared with vehicle injected, pair-fed control rats. At embryonic day 21, mPhe/Phe-treated embryos displayed a reduced thickness of the cortical plate and marginal zone, a decrease in the size of postmitotic neurons, and an increase in the packing density of cells in the cortical plate. There was an increase in the number of pyknotic cells (cell death) and in the reactive microglia in the mPhe/Phe-treated group. During the postnatal period the differences between mPhe/Phe-treated and control rats became fewer and by postnatal day 7 the morphology of the mPhe/Phe-exposed brains was similar to the controls. These morphologic data, in conjunction with our previous biochemical finding of reduced cerebral DNA, RNA, and protein contents of mPhe/Phe-treated rats, indicate that the induced hyperphenylalaninemia caused a significant delay in the development of the cerebral cortex which was able to undergo recovery during the postnatal period. PMID- 6681777 TI - Dissociation of estrous cycle and activity rhythm in rats. AB - When rats were kept in continuous light there was a time-lag between the onset of activity arrhythmia and that of persistent estrus. When animals showing both arrhythmias in continuous light were kept under a LD 21:3 photoperiod, the activity rhythm returned to normal but the estrous cycle did not. PMID- 6681778 TI - Cyst formation in metanephric organ culture induced by cis dichlorodiammineplatinum (II). AB - A new experimental model of renal tubular cyst formation has been developed in metanephric organ culture. The addition of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II), 50 micrograms/ml, to culture medium induces cystic changes during in vitro nephrogenesis. The model has particular utility in the study of basic mechanisms underlying renal tubular cystic changes, as well as the mechanisms by which nephrotoxins may mediate renal tubular injury. PMID- 6681779 TI - [Characteristics of the formation of an ethanol preference in rats of both sexes]. AB - A high level of initial alcoholic motivation in females is associated with a high metabolic rate as regards ethanol and a low one as regards acetaldehyde in the estrus. The diestrus period is little characteristic in this respect. A high level of alcoholic motivation in males is associated with a high metabolic rate of ethanol and a low one of acetaldehyde. The risk of ethanol preference to water formation is 1.5-2 times higher in male rats than in female ones. PMID- 6681780 TI - The occurrence of polysialogangliosides in a human trophoblast cell line. PMID- 6681781 TI - Macrophages and infertility: oviductal macrophages as potential mediators of infertility. AB - Human peritoneal macrophages have previously been shown to phagocytize normal sperm. We had hypothesized that if macrophages were present in the distal oviducts, they could interfere with fertilization by phagocytizing sperm in vivo. The present study was designed to determine whether functional macrophages are present in the human oviducts, and to determine the relationship between oviductal and peritoneal macrophages. Forty patients undergoing laparotomy for sterilization or evaluation of infertility or other gynecologic factors were studied. Infertile patients with endometriosis had more peritoneal macrophages than did fertile normal women or infertile women with distal or proximal tubal obstruction. Oviductal macrophages were observed in all patients. The oviductal macrophages were indistinguishable from the peritoneal macrophages, as judged by similar morphologic features, adherence to plastic, phagocytosis of polystyrene spheres and IgG-coated erythrocytes, and presence of peroxidase and alpha naphthylbutyrate esterase. Patients with endometriosis had the highest numbers of oviductal macrophages, while those patients with distal tubal obstruction had extremely few oviductal macrophages. The results suggest that oviductal macrophages may arise from peritoneal macrophages that migrate into the oviducts. PMID- 6681782 TI - Sex-hormone-binding globulin and body weight. PMID- 6681783 TI - Two multipotent embryonal carcinoma cell lines irreversibly differentiate in defined media. AB - Two unrelated multipotent embryonal carcinoma cell lines, OC-15S1 and 1003, have been cultured in hormone-supplemented defined media in order to identify the signals that influence their differentiation. Previous studies have shown that F9 embryonal carcinoma cells can be grown for many generations in the defined medium, EM-3, which contains fibronectin, insulin, and transferrin in place of serum. F9 cells, which only differentiate into a few cell types, undergo little or no differentiation in EM-3 unless an inducer is present (A. Rizzino and C. Crowley, 1980, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 457-461). This report demonstrates that, in contrast to F9, OC-15S1 and 1003 embryonal carcinoma cells do not proliferate in EM-3. Instead, the cells differentiate. However, the differentiated cells do not survive in EM-3 unless it is supplemented with factors such as purified serum lipoproteins. In EM-3 containing high-density lipoprotein, a population of differentiated cells, devoid of embryonal carcinoma cells, is formed. The differentiated cells that appear exhibit an epitheloid morphology throughout the culture. These cells also secrete plasminogen activator and two different criteria argue that it is the type released by parietal endoderm. This suggests that, under the influence of the defined medium, both multipotent embryonal carcinoma cell lines differentiate at high frequency into parietal endoderm. It was also determined that fibronectin promotes the differentiation of OC-15S1 and 1003 in serum-containing media, and this suggests that fibronectin is at least partly responsible for the differentiation observed in EM-3 plus high-density lipoprotein. In light of these findings, it is suggested that fibronectin may directly influence cellular differentiation during early mammalian development. PMID- 6681785 TI - Abnormalities of ambulatory 24-hour heart rate in diabetes mellitus. AB - Twenty-one normal subjects and 64 diabetics with varying severity of autonomic damage underwent 24-h ambulatory EKG monitoring. No diabetics had the "sick sinus syndrome," and the frequency of arrhythmias was no higher than in the normal subjects. The diabetics had higher mean hourly heart rates, and with increasing autonomic damage there was reduction in diurnal heart rate variation. The mean waking and sleeping heart rates were higher in the diabetics. The maximum heart rates were not significantly different, but the minimum heart rates were significantly higher in the diabetics. These previously unrecognized abnormal 24 h heart rate patterns provide further evidence of damage to the heart rate controlling mechanisms in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6681784 TI - Localization of myosin in the preimplantation mouse embryo. AB - Myosin was localized in cytoskeletal preparations of preimplantation mouse embryos using indirect immunofluorescent techniques. Blastomeres of 2- and 4-cell embryos exhibited a continuous band of cortical myosin in their apical borders while no cortical myosin was detectable in regions of cell apposition. In 8-cell, 16-cell, and advanced morula-stage embryos the outer group of cells was also characterized by a continuous apical band of cortical myosin, whereas the inner group of apposed cells usually showed no detectable cortical myosin. The possible significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6681787 TI - [Method of determining residues of a synthetic insecticide attractant in environmental objects]. PMID- 6681786 TI - Testosterone-binding protein in a seasonally breeding amphibian. AB - The concentration of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the plasma of Taricha granulosa rises markedly during the season when androgen-dependent epigamic structures and behaviors recrudesce. During this season (June-October), the physiological characteristics of the testosterone-binding globulin (TeBG) remain unchanged. Competitive binding studies indicate that TeBG binds fairly specifically to testosterone and DHT. The dissociation constant (5 X 10(-8) M) and binding capacities (ranging from 6 to 12 ng androgen bound/ml plasma) were determined using the charcoal adsorption procedures. Because the binding capacity of TeBG remains unchanged when the concentrations of androgens increase, the proportion of testosterone and DHT bound to TeBG is drastically lower during the breeding season, compared to the nonbreeding season. Furthermore, bilateral castration of male newts apparently reduces the binding capacity of TeBG, but Silastic implants of androgen fail to restore the binding capacity. PMID- 6681788 TI - Motor nerve conduction velocity for assessment of gestational age in twins. AB - During the period from October 1, 1979 to March 31, 1981, 40 maturity tests were made on 20 pairs of twins at the Department of Obstetrics at Berlin-Neukolln Hospital. We therefore used the motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the ulnar nerve combined with the Farr system. Only those children whose gestational age was absolutely certain were examined. A strong correlation emerged between the NCV level for twins and singles (r = 0.8 at p less than 0.0001), so that it was possible to establish the maturity age of twins to an accuracy of +/- 1 week. The levels of the NCV measurement within a pair of twins showed a high degree of agreement (r = 0.9 at p less than 0.0001) in which the average fluctuation amounted to 0.5 m/s = 2-3 days. Even when there was a large variation in the weight of the twins (greater than 300 g or greater than 15%), there were only minimal differences (r = 0.9 at p less than 0.0001). On the other hand, the Farr system deviated significantly in a false-positive direction up to the 38th week of gestation. Measuring the motor NCV of the ulnar nerve proved to be a simple and precise method to assess the neonatal gestational age in twins. PMID- 6681789 TI - Characterization of impurities in commercial lots of sodium saccharin produced by the Sherwin-Williams process. I. Chemistry. AB - Saccharin produced by the Sherwin-Williams process was analysed to determine the concentration and identities of impurities. Inorganic and ionic organic (water soluble) impurities were not present above the detection limit of the methods used. Low levels (c. 10 ppm in total) of solvent-extractable organic impurities were detected and characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Over 50% of the total impurity content was identified, and most of the contaminants were found to be derived from the material (polyethylene bags) in which the saccharin was packed rather than from the saccharin production process. N-Methylsaccharin (0.15 ppm) and methyl anthranilate (0.05 ppm) were the predominant impurities related to the production process. Impurities derived from the packaging material included mineral oil, fatty acid amides and various plasticizers and antioxidants. No single impurity was present at a level above 1 ppm in the saccharin. The results of this study indicate that saccharin produced by the Sherwin-Williams process is a highly pure material. PMID- 6681790 TI - Characterization of impurities in commercial lots of sodium saccharin produced by the Sherwin-Williams process. II. Mutagenicity. AB - The mutagenic activity of solvent extracts of specific manufacturing lots of saccharin produced by the Sherwin-Williams process was studied in detail. All the individual components identified were found to be non-mutagenic. The mutagenic activity of saccharin lot S-1469 was traced to a moderately polar chromatographic fraction representing impurities present in the saccharin at a level of less than 1.5 ppm, but was not attributable to a single component. In view of the low level of mutagenic activity observed and the low concentration of total impurities in Sherwin-Williams saccharin, the mutagenic material(s) are probably of no significance in animal feeding studies. PMID- 6681791 TI - Oral daily intake of cadmium, lead, manganese, copper, chromium, mercury, calcium, zinc and arsenic in Belgium: a duplicate meal study. AB - One hundred and twenty four daily meals collected in three areas of Belgium were analysed for their content of several metals. The following median values for 24 hr intakes were found: cadmium, 15 micrograms; lead, 95.7 micrograms; manganese, 2.6 mg; copper, 1.3 mg; chromium, 0.24 mg; mercury, 6.5 micrograms; calcium, 541 mg; zinc, 13.2 mg; arsenic, 11.5 micrograms. The distributions of the individual results suggest that about 1-2% of the daily meals sampled had mercury and cadmium contents that exceeded the tolerable level proposed by WHO; in the case of lead this level was exceeded in 10%. PMID- 6681792 TI - Distribution of 14C-labelled acrylamide and betaine in foetuses of rats, rabbits, beagle dogs and miniature pigs. AB - [14C]Acrylamide and [14C]betaine hydrochloride were administered in a single iv dose to pregnant rats, rabbits, beagle dogs and miniature pigs late in gestation (1-2 days before expected parturition). Dosages used were 10 mg/kg for rats and 5 mg/kg for the other species. The compounds were allowed to equilibrate in the animal (for 1 hr in rats and for 2 hr in the other species); the dam was then killed and the foetuses were removed by caesarean section. Each foetus was weighed and analysed for radioactivity, either by homogenization of the whole foetus (rat and rabbit) or by determining separately the radioactivity in individual organs and tissues (dog and pig). Foetal uptake of the polar compound betaine hydrochloride was much lower than that of the more lipophilic acrylamide. The sex of the foetus did not appear to affect uptake of either compound. There were no significant differences in total uptake of isotope attributable to the position of the foetus within the uterus in any of the four species given either acrylamide or betaine. Similarly, uterine position did not affect the uptake of acrylamide or betaine by individual tissues of foetal dogs or pigs. Since the distributions of 14C-labelled acrylamide and betaine hydrochloride were essentially uniform throughout a litter, it would not be necessary to sample all of the members of a litter to obtain a representative picture of foetal distribution. PMID- 6681793 TI - Promoting effects of various chemicals in rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated by N-nitroso-n-butyl-(4-hydroxybutyl)amine. AB - We studied the capacity of various chemicals to promote urinary bladder cancer in male F344 rats after initiation by N-nitroso-n-butyl-(4-hydroxybutyl)amine (BBN). The rats were given initially 0.01% BBN in the drinking-water for 4 wk and then the test compound in the diet for 34 wk. Effects were judged by measuring the formation of preneoplastic lesions papillary or nodular hyperplasia (PN hyperplasia) of the urinary bladder. Administration of 5%, but not 0.5% (w/w) sodium saccharin in the diet significantly increased the incidence and extent of PN hyperplasia. This finding could be related to the induction of cancers in the rat urinary bladder by high levels of saccharin. Sodium ascorbate (5%). DL tryptophan (5%) and allopurinol (0.02%) also significantly increased the extent of PN hyperplasia in the affected animals, but other test chemicals, such as acetazolamide (0.35%) and quercetin (5%) did not. The results with sodium saccharin and DL-tryptophan were consistent with previous findings and suggest that sodium ascorbate and allopurinol have promoting activities in urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats. No correlation was found between the extent of crystalluria and promotion of preneoplastic lesions. PMID- 6681794 TI - N-nitroso-N-methyloctadecylamine in hair-care products. AB - Fifty-three cosmetic products containing one or more of the ingredients N,N dimethyloctadecylamine oxide, N,N-dimethyloctadecylamine and N-benzyl-N,N dimethyloctadecylammonium chloride were analysed for N-nitroso-N methyloctadecylamine by gas chromatography with detection by a Thermal Energy Analyzer. [1-14C]N-Nitroso-N-methyloctadecylamine was used as an internal standard. Eight of 11 products containing N,N-dimethyloctadecylamine oxide and three of 38 products containing N-benzyl-N,N-dimethyloctadecylammonium chloride were found to contain N-nitroso-N-methyloctadecylamine at levels ranging from 28 to 969 ppb. In photolysis experiments, all of these products exhibited a loss of Thermal Energy Analyzer response for N-nitroso-N-methyloctadecylamine following irradiation by ultraviolet light. In two cases, the presence of N-nitroso-N methyloctadecylamine was confirmed by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 6681795 TI - Subchronic feeding study of grape colour extract in beagle dogs. AB - The effect of feeding Welch's Special Grape Color Powder Type BW-AT at dose levels of 7.5 and 15% w/w in the diet for 90 days was studied in beagle dogs. Body-weight gain of male and female dogs at the high dose level was significantly decreased compared with control dogs. No other treatment-related effects were seen in food consumption, haematology, clinical chemistry, ophthalmology or gross and histopathological findings. PMID- 6681796 TI - Reproduction study of grape colour extract in rats. AB - The effect of Welch's Special Grape Color Powder Type BW-AT on reproductive performance was studied through two generations of Sprague-Dawley rats and a subchronic study was carried out on the F1 animals. The grape colour powder at dietary levels of 7.5 and 15.0% (w/w) had no adverse effects on reproductive performance. Body weights for F0 and F1 generation pups at both dose levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than those of control pups at 21 days after birth. During the 13-wk subchronic feeding study of F1 rats, the body weight gain of female rats in the high-dose group was reduced compared with the controls (P less than 0.05). Food conversion data was comparable among groups, thus the decrease in body-weight gain during this phase was most likely the result of the lower calorific value (w/w) of the feed supplemented with the grape colour powder compared with the control feed. No toxic effects or pathological changes were noted in rats fed grape colour powder. PMID- 6681797 TI - Subchronic feeding study of carnauba wax in beagle dogs. AB - Carnauba wax fed at levels of 0.1, 0.3 and 1% in the diet to beagle dogs for 28 wk did not produce evidence of toxicity or pathological effects. Body weight gain, food consumption, clinical chemical, haematological, and urine analysis data, and organ weights of animals fed carnauba wax were comparable with those of control animals. Ophthalmic, gross and histopathological examinations revealed no significant treatment-related findings. PMID- 6681798 TI - Reproduction and subchronic feeding study of carnauba wax in rats. AB - The reproductive performance of Wistar rats fed carnauba wax at levels of 0.1, 0.3 or 1% in the diet and the effects of subchronic administration of carnauba wax at these dose levels on the resultant progeny were studied. Reproductive indices, body-weight gain, food consumption, haematological and clinical chemical data, ophthalmic, gross and histopathological examinations were used to study the possible toxic or pathological effects. Serum free fatty acid levels were found to be decreased in male and female rats fed carnauba wax at dietary levels of 0.3 and 1.0%. No other effects of feeding carnauba wax at levels up to 1.0% of the diet were observed. PMID- 6681799 TI - Effects of subchronic feeding of ginseng extract G115 in beagle dogs. PMID- 6681800 TI - The effect of intestinal esterase inhibition on the in vivo absorption and toxicity of Di-n-butyl phthalate. AB - Inhibition of intestinal mucosal esterases by S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF) did not alter the gastro-intestinal absorption of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in the rat. After intragastric administration of [14C]DBP to control and esterase-inhibited animals, the disappearance of 14C from the small intestine and the levels of 14C in the blood were not significantly different in the two groups over the first 4 hr. Peak blood levels of 14C occurred 2 hr after dosing in both groups of rats. The circulating [14C]butyl phthalate in the diester form accounted for less than 5% of the total 14C at 2 hr, regardless of intestinal esterase activity. The remaining 14C was associated with mono-n-butyl phthalate or more polar metabolites. These data suggest an important role for pancreatic esterases, which may be protected from DEF-mediated inhibition by storage in zymogen granules, in the metabolism and absorption of DBP. PMID- 6681801 TI - Meeting of the minds. Hospital/physician diplomacy crucial under prospective system. PMID- 6681802 TI - Hospital economic forecast. PMID- 6681803 TI - Corticosteroid-induced abnormality in fetal mice and H-2 haplotype: evidence of a cytoplasmic effect. AB - Different strains of H-2 congenic mice have different susceptibilities to corticosteroid-induced fetal loss and cleft palate. Applying this knowledge, we tested the null hypothesis, which assumes that there are no statistically significant differences in the frequency of abnormality among various types of treated backcross offspring and, thus, no evidence of a cytoplasmic effect. In the present study this null hypothesis was frequently, but not consistently, rejected. Therefore, there was some evidence of a cytoplasmic effect. One possible explanation of these results is seen when one considers the phenotypic effects of "gene-gene interaction" between variant H-2 genotypes and an invariant mitochondrial genotype. PMID- 6681804 TI - Dissociation of genetic hyperactivity and hypertension in SHR. AB - The Wistar Kyoto strain of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been characterized as behaviorally hyperactive as well as hypertensive. The relationship between these two inbred traits remains uncertain, and their coexistence in the SHR has complicated studies of central nervous system mechanisms underlying the hypertensive process. A breeding program was initiated to examine the possible genetic linkage of these two traits which, if separable, would allow us to develop substrains of SHR that are hypertensive without being hyperactive, or hyperactive without being hypertensive. We crossed SHR males with Wistar Kyoto, normotensive (WKY) female rats and produced F1 hybrids which were then randomly inbred to produce an F2 population. When tested at 12 weeks of age, F2 rats exhibited the expected wide range of mean systolic blood pressures (BP), from 111 to 174 mm Hg, as determined using indirect tail plethysmography. The BP in the parental rats at the time of breeding (16 weeks) was 187 +/- 4.5 mm Hg (SHR males, n = 7) and 111 +/- 2.4 (WKY females, n = 7). Locomotor activity was determined in an automated activity cage in F1 and F2 rats at 12 weeks of age. These strains exhibited a wide range of phenotypic distribution of locomotor activity scores, and the mean scores were intermediary between those of SHR rats and WKY rats of the same age. Among individual rats of both the F1 and F2 hybrid strains, there was no correlation between the activity score and the level of the BP at 12 weeks of age. These findings indicated that the genes responsible for the hypertensive trait and those responsible for the hyperactivity trait were not tightly linked in the hybrid populations, suggesting that different genetic factors were involved in the transmission of each of these traits. Accordingly, it should be possible to separate the two traits by further selective, recombinant inbreeding procedures. PMID- 6681805 TI - Partially purified human and rat atrial natriuretic factor. PMID- 6681806 TI - Lectin-resistant variants of mouse melanoma cells. II. In vitro characteristics. AB - Lectin-resistant variants of B-16 melanoma cells were selected with wheat-germ agglutinin, ricin and concanavalin A. They exhibited altered metastasizing capacity and tumorigenicity in C57BL mice. Several in vitro properties were defined and compared including homotypic adhesiveness, microfilament organization, melanin release, activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, DNA content, and karyotypes. The possible relevance of these properties in vitro for the malignant behavior displayed in vivo is discussed. The usefulness of this approach of selecting surface variants to study the problem of metastasis is also discussed. PMID- 6681807 TI - Comparison of fibrin clot retraction with other transformation parameters after hydridization of normal and established cell lines. AB - The expression of transformation parameters (inhibition of cell division during cell crowding, anchorage dependence, loss of fibrin clot retractile activity and secretion of plasminogen activator) was studied in a heterospecific cellular hybrid, made between established L(TK-) cells and the normal human MRC-5 cells. The hybrid nature of the cross was confirmed by the ability to incorporate [3H] thymidine, by growth in selective HAT medium, by the identification of human chromosomes and by the expression on the surface of 100% of hybrid cells of a human glycoprotein, which is recognized by the 4F2 monoclonal antibody. The hybrid cultures showed cell cycle inhibition which became less stringent with increasing population doublings and the loss of human chromosomes. Fibrin clot retraction and anchorage dependence were absent in spite of the presence of many human chromosomes. The two properties were present or lost simultaneously in the normal parent cells and in the transformed parent or hybrid cells respectively. The human type of plasminogen activator was secreted even with very little human genetic material left, and a complete dissociation between fibrin clot retraction and production of plasminogen activator was observed. The data strengthen the hypothesis that transformation is a multistep process that involves complex genetic control and where cells progressively express different phenotypes and escape growth control. PMID- 6681808 TI - Studies on the retina and the pigment epithelium in hereditary canine ceroid lipofuscinosis. IV. Changes in the electroretinogram and the standing potential of the eye. AB - The present study correlates ultrastructural abnormalities in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with electrophysiologic changes demonstrated in examinations of dogs with canine ceroid-lipofuscinosis (CCL) at various stages of clinical involvement using dc electroretinograms (ERG), including the c-wave, as well as recordings of the variations of the standing potential (SP) of the eye, both of which reflect the activity of the pigment epithelium. Normal c-waves and SP variations were seen at early stages of disease. At later stages, specific signs of pigment epithelial impairment were found in the form of (1) markedly reduced SP variations, (2) an increase in amplitude of the trough after the b-wave, and (3) a disappearance of the c-wave, which was replaced by a negative potential. These ERG changes correlate very well with a damaged pigment epithelium that generates the positive potential of the c-wave, as well as with normal Muller cells that generates the negative potential coinciding in time with the c-wave, and contributing to the trough after the b-wave. In the end-stage of the disease all potentials of the ERG were reduced drastically, evidently as a sign of cessation of neuroretinal function. Similarities between English setters with CCL and human Batten disease are discussed. PMID- 6681809 TI - Uroperitoneum in the foal. AB - The case records of 22 foals with uroperitoneum were reviewed. The most common cause was a defect in the urinary bladder. A sex predilection for males was apparent. Clinical signs were tachycardia, tachypnea, and abdominal distention. The history pertaining to micturition was variable. Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hyperkalemia were marked. A reliable means of diagnosis was considered to be the demonstration of a wide disparity in serum and peritoneal fluid creatinine values. Surgical repair was successful in 11 of 18 cases, although surgical and anesthetic complications were common. Some of the defects were believed to be congenital. PMID- 6681810 TI - Hemangiosarcoma in a horse. PMID- 6681811 TI - Estimating the impact of management decisions on the occurrence of puberty in beef heifers. AB - Age and weight at puberty in beef heifers were hypothesized to be jointly dependent random variables with the joint distribution conditional upon values of exogenous variables such as breed, date of birth and postweaning rate of gain. A statistical model was specified that tested the joint dependency hypothesis and measured the impact of variation in the explanatory variables on puberty. Model parameters were estimated by two-stage least-squares procedures from data on 556 beef heifers: 190 raised at the Northern Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Havre, Montana and 366 raised at the Livestock and Range Research Station (LARRS), Miles City, Montana. Results did not support the hypothesis that age and weight at puberty were jointly dependent; weight at puberty did depend upon age at puberty, but age at puberty did not depend upon weight at puberty when postweaning level of nutrition was known. Thus, the appropriate probability distribution was a conditional univariate probability distribution on age. Results were consistent with past research in that breed and breed-cross differences existed, and heifers heavier at weaning and fed higher levels of postweaning nutrition reached puberty at an earlier age and heavier weight. PMID- 6681812 TI - Automated extraction technique for determination of experimental insecticide nifluridide and its cyclized product in water by high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - A method is described for the simultaneous determination of the experimental insecticide nifluridide (N-(2-amino-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,2,3,3 tetrafluoropropanamide) and its cyclized product, EL-919 (7-nitro-2-(1,1,2,2 tetrafluoroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzimidazole), in water. Both compounds are extracted by passage of up to 500 mL water through two Sep-Pak C18 cartridges joined in series. The extraction is automated by using vacuum. The compounds are eluted from the cartridges with acetonitrile. Both compounds are then separated and measured by high pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection at 235 nm. Recoveries were 91.2-97.1% nifluridide and 82.7-98.0% EL-919 for deionized water samples fortified with 0.001-0.1 ppm nifluridide and 0.005-0.1 ppm EL-919. Analysis of water samples (pH 8) from bluegill and rainbow trout toxicity studies with nifluridide resulted in a half-life determination of 10 h at 13 degrees C and 2.5 h at 20 degrees C with nearly quantitative conversion to EL-919 within 96 h. PMID- 6681813 TI - Bacterial elongation factor Ts: isolation and reactivity with elongation factor Tu. AB - An improved method for the purification of bacterial polypeptide elongation factor Ts (EF-Ts) from one mesophile (Escherichia coli) and two thermophiles (Bacillus stearothermophilus and PS3) is described. The improvements are both in the facility of isolation and in increased yields. The purified factors were used for cross-reactivity studies with elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) obtained from the same bacterial strains. In all combinations studied, the efficiency of EF-Ts in catalyzing the exchange of EF-Tu-bound GDP was proportional to the strength of the protein-protein complex. Whereas the factors from the two thermophiles were interchangeable, the mesophilic EF-Ts formed a very weak complex with thermophilic EF-Tu; however, thermophilic EF-Ts formed very strong complexes with mesophilic EF-Tu. Thus, e.g., EF-Tu from E. coli formed a complex with EF-Ts from B. stearothermophilus which was 10 times more stable than the corresponding homologous complex. PMID- 6681814 TI - A tyrosine kinase associated with the red cell membrane phosphorylates band 3. AB - Phosphorylation of Band 3, the anion transport protein of human erythrocyte membranes, has been studied by incubating isolated ghosts with [gamma-32P]ATP. One of the phosphate-acceptor sites is tyrosine 8 in the NH2-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the Band 3 protein. Seven out of 11 residues in the sequence surrounding the phosphorylated tyrosine are Asp or Glu. It is concluded that the erythrocyte, like other cells, contains a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase which phosphorylates highly anionic peptide acceptor sites. PMID- 6681815 TI - Interactions of forskolin and adenylate cyclase. Effects on substrate kinetics and protection against inactivation by heat and N-ethylmaleimide. PMID- 6681816 TI - Thin filaments are not of uniform length in rat skeletal muscle. AB - The variation in thin filament length was investigated in slow and fast muscle from adult and neonatal rats. Soleus (slow) muscle from adult, 3-, 7-, and 9-d old rats, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast) muscle from adult rats were serially cross-sectioned. The number of thin filaments per 0.06 microns2 (TF#) was counted for individual myofibrils followed from the H zone of one sarcomere, through the I-Z-I region, to the H zone of an adjacent sarcomere TF# was pooled by distance from the Z band or AI junction. In both adult muscles, thin filament length varied from 0.18 to 1.20 microns, with approximately 25% of the thin filaments less than 0.7 microns in length. In 7- and 9-d soleus, thin filament length ranged from 0.18 to 1.08 microns; except for the longest (0.18 to 1.20 microns) filaments, the distribution of thin filament lengths was similar to that in adult muscle. In 3-d soleus, thin filament length was more uniform, with less than 5% of the filaments shorter than 0.7 microns. In all neonatal muscles, there were approximately 15% fewer thin filaments per unit area as compared to adult muscles. We conclude: (a) In rat skeletal muscle, thin filaments are not of uniform length, ranging in length from 0.18 to 1.20 microns. (b) There may be two stages of thin filament assembly in neonatal muscle: between 3 and 7 d when short thin filaments may be preferentially or synthesized or inserted near the Z-band, and between 9 d and adult when thin filaments of all lengths may be synthesized or inserted into the myofibril. PMID- 6681817 TI - Adhesion, growth, and matrix production by fibroblasts on laminin substrates. AB - Human embryonic skin fibroblasts have been shown to attach and spread on laminin substrates in the absence of protein synthesis and presence of fibronectin depleted serum and anti-fibronectin antibodies. Rates of attachment and the type of spreading are virtually identical on fibronectin and laminin-coated substrates with the development of microfilament bundles and focal adhesions. Antibodies to laminin, but not fibronectin, will prevent or reverse fibroblast adhesion to laminin, whereas antibodies to fibronectin but not laminin will give similar results on fibronectin-coated substrates. These and other results indicate that fibroblasts possess distinct receptors for laminin and fibronectin which on contact with suitable substrates promote adhesion through interaction with common intermediates. This type of adhesion is compatible with subsequent growth and extracellular matrix production. PMID- 6681818 TI - Fragmin induces tension reduction of actomyosin threads in the presence of micromolar levels of Ca2+. AB - Fragmin was able to reduce the isometric tension of Physarum actomyosin threads to 15-30% of the control tension at the Ca2+ concentrations greater than 10(-6) M. However, fragmin had no effect on the tension of threads when the Ca2+ concentration was lowered below 10(-7) M. The tension once reduced by fragmin could not be recovered by the removal of Ca2+. The remaining tension was shown to be still active from the experiment with quick release or stretch of the thread. This tension reduction is parallel to the decrease in viscosity of F-actin solution by fragmin. Electron microscopy showed that F-actin filaments became shorter in the thread after the tension was reduced by fragmin. Therefore, the severing of F-actin by fragmin in micromolar concentration of calcium resulted in the relaxation of tension by actomyosin threads. PMID- 6681820 TI - Cytogenetic studies: an essential part of the paediatric necropsy. AB - Chromosome studies were attempted on 97% of necropsies carried out in the Department of Histopathology of the Adelaide Children's Hospital over the four year period ending May 1981. Results were obtained from 89% of necropsies of which 7.5% had major chromosome abnormalities. The chromosome results are analysed according to the category of the necropsy and to primary cause of death. It is recommended that cytogenetic studies be performed on all stillbirths and infants dying at less than 28 days of age except in cases of isolated CNS malformation, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), trauma, or known single gene defects. PMID- 6681819 TI - Isolation of rat hepatocyte plasma membranes. II. Identification of membrane associated cytoskeletal proteins. AB - Rat liver plasma membranes were isolated as presented in the preceding paper (Hubbard, A. L., D. A. Wall, and A. Ma., 1983, J. Cell Biol., 96: 217-229) and found to contain many filaments associated both with desmosomes along the lateral surface and with the cytoplasmic aspects of membranes comprising each of the three domains (lateral [LS], bile canalicular [BC] and sinusoidal [SF] ). Exposure of the plasma membranes to alkaline media (up to pH 11) resulted in loss of recognizable filaments without loss of domain morphology or membrane enzyme activities. Electrophoretic analysis of solubilized components from control and alkaline-extracted plasma membranes revealed that three major polypeptides present at 43, 52, and 56 kdaltons in the control had been released by alkaline treatment (pH 11) and could be quantitatively recovered in the supernate. The 43 kdalton component was identified as cytoplasmic actin by comparison of its tryptic 125I-peptide map to those of muscle (alpha) and brush border (beta, gamma) actins. The 52- and 56-kdalton polypeptides were identified as tonofilament components by their solubility properties and their ability to reassemble into 9.5-nm filaments from monomers present in an alkaline extract. PMID- 6681821 TI - Acute toxicity, bioconcentration, and persistence of AC 222,705, benthiocarb, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, methyl parathion, and permethrin in the estuarine environment. PMID- 6681822 TI - Tocopherol content of some Southeast Asian foods. PMID- 6681823 TI - Cardiomyopathy: how far have we come in 25 years, how far yet to go? AB - Twenty-five years ago clinical investigators began to appreciate that cardiomyopathy is an important and reasonably common form of heart disease. Since then, several functional classifications have been proposed, the specific myocardial diseases have been classified and chronic ischemic ventricular failure has been described. The boundary separating myocarditis from dilated cardiomyopathy remains hazy and, despite intensive research, the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy remain obscure. In particular, we still do not understand the role that may be played by viral infection and alcohol. Myocardial biopsy has proved useful in patients with specific myocardial disorders, heart transplant recipients and patients receiving Adriamycin, but is disappointing in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. It has become increasingly evident that exercise capacity does not correlate with ventricular function, being highly dependent on peripheral factors. Measurements of oxygen consumption during exercise promise to be useful in assessing treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. True restrictive cardiomyopathy is uncommon, and the term should be reserved for cardiomyopathies that meet strict criteria. A restrictive component to filling is common to many cardiac disorders, including some cases of cardiac amyloidosis. The concept of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has evolved rapidly over the past 25 years, and continues to evolve. The importance of arrhythmia as a cause of sudden death is becoming increasingly clear. The place of calcium channel blocking agents in the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will probably emerge soon. Amiodarone is finding an increasing role in the treatment of dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Surgical treatment is still required for some patients despite unanswered questions on how it works. PMID- 6681824 TI - Morphologic features of the ductus arteriosus after prostaglandin E1 administration for ductus-dependent congenital heart defects. PMID- 6681825 TI - Asymmetric septal hypertrophy in patients with aortic stenosis: an adaptive mechanism or a coexistence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? PMID- 6681826 TI - Antigens of alternaria. I. Isolation and partial characterization of a basic peptide allergen. AB - A basic peptide allergen has been isolated from Alternaria extracts. Flat-bed gel preparative isoelectric focusing followed by dialysis and lyophilization allowed for concentration of substantial quantities of this heretofore unrecognized allergen. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography (using a 2 X concentrated, IgE serum fraction from Alternaria patient sera and 125I-anti human IgE), a RAST inhibition assay, and skin testing of Alternaria-sensitive patients were used to demonstrate the allergenicity of this fraction. The allergenicity of this protein was sufficient to give 50% RAST inhibition at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml using standard RAST procedures. The immunoelectrophoresis autoradiography also indicated allergenicity. Skin tests indicated that over 90% of patients hypersensitive to Alternaria crude extracts were also hypersensitive to the basic allergen fraction. PMID- 6681827 TI - Numerical chromosome variation in mouse spermatogonia resulting from alcohol consumption. AB - Male mice were force fed ethyl alcohol intragastrically at increasing daily doses. The animals were killed at various times after the initiation of alcohol ingestion. Chromosome numbers per cell were counted from spermatogonial mitoses and compared with those from controls that were not exposed to alcohol. An average of 16 percent of the spermatogonial mitoses from alcohol ingesting animals had hypodiploid numbers (usually 2n-1) compared to 6 percent in the control animals. No correlation between the total amount of alcohol consumed and the number of hypodiploid spermatogonia was noted. PMID- 6681828 TI - The influence of aminoglycosides on the nephrotoxicity of cis diamminedichloroplatinum in cancer patients. PMID- 6681829 TI - [Characterization of two choliocarcinoma cell lines and their sensitivity to MTX]. AB - Both the sensitivity to MTX and hCG secretion were compared in two choriocarcinoma cell lines (BeWo and HCCM-5) and study on mechanisms about MTX resistance was described. The uptake of nucleotides and protein precursors was decreased in dose-dependent manner in both cell lines when exposed to MTX, but HCCM-5 cells showed more sensitivity to MTX. In HCCM-5 cells, both hCG and hCG beta levels in the medium were decreased with exposure to 10(-9)M MTX, but they tended to increase when exposed to higher concentration of MTX in contrast to the inhibition of 3H-thymidine uptake. However, in BeWo cells, an inverse relationship between the incorporation of 3H-thymidine and secretion of hCG was not clearly observed. The content of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in HCCM-5 cells was about one-half of that in BeWo cells. Although the peak of 3H-MTX incorporation was observed at 120 minutes in both cell lines, HCCM-5 cells incorporated about 4 times higher 3H-MTX than BeWo cells. The difference of sensitivity to MTX between those two cell lines seems to be concerned with both the decrease of MTX transport and increase of intracellular DHFR levels. PMID- 6681831 TI - A microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay for platelet-associated immunoglobulin G. AB - An MSPRIA is described for measuring platelet-associated immunoglobulins by competitive inhibition of the binding of radiolabeled goat anti-human class specific antibody to solid-phase immunoglobulins. PAIgG can be estimated from calibration curves constructed from soluble IgG inhibitors. The MSPRIA for IgG is antibody class-specific. The coefficient of variability is between 6% and 20%. The MSPRIA is more sensitive than other described assays. Comparative studies demonstrated that ACD-A is the preferred anticoagulant for collecting platelets for the MSPRIA and that sonicated platelets are more reliable than intact platelets in demonstrating elevated PAIgG in immune thrombocytopenias. Intact platelets from 18 normal volunteers had PAIgG ranging from 0.4 to 3.3 fg/platelet (mean +/- S.D. = 1.5 +/- 1). The same platelets when sonicated had a mean +/- S.D. PAIgG of 3.3 +/- 1 fg/platelet, with a range of 1 to 5. Only 60% of 30 adult ITP patients with presumed immune thrombocytopenia had elevated PAIgG levels when their intact platelets were studied. When these same platelets were sonicated, 87% of them had abnormal levels of PAIgG. PMID- 6681830 TI - [Specific effects of methotrexate bound to the antibodies against hCG and placental alkaline phosphatase to the cultured human choriocarcinoma cells]. AB - Methotrexate (MTX) was covalently bound to rabbit antibodies (IgG) against hCG and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLALP) by two different methods. By carbodiimide method, 16.9 mols of MTX could be coupled to one mol of IgG, but the antibody activity was completely lost. Whereas, 2.6-3.4 mols of MTX were bound to one mol of IgG and a quarter of original antibody activity was preserved by dextran bridge method. Choriocarcinoma cells BeWo and SCH were exposed to the IgG MTX conjugates prepared by the latter method for 30 minutes, and the cell growth was investigated. To BeWo, which produces much hCG and less PLALP, anti hCG-IgG MTX showed a considerable growth inhibition compared to the control groups (p less than 0.05). No effect was observed with anti PLALP-IgG-MTX, nonimmunized IgG MTX, free MTX and anti hCG-IgG. In contrast, to SCH, which produces much PLALP and less hCG, anti PLALP-IgG-MTX exhibited considerable inhibition (p less than 0.05), whereas anti hCG-IgG-MTX showed no inhibition. Neither anti hCG-IgG-MTX nor anti PLALP-IgG-MTX showed any effect to the endometrial carcinoma cell HEC50B. We concluded that MTX bound to anti hCG-IgG and anti PLALP-IgG have specific growth inhibition effects to the choriocarcinoma cells in vitro, and suggested the possibility of specific immunochemotherapy of this disease. PMID- 6681832 TI - Atopy and secretory otitis media. Immunological studies and responses to topical corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 6681833 TI - Cis-disamminedichloroplatinum (II) CDDP: single agent in the treatment of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. AB - Seventeen patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) CDDP 2.5 mg./kg. I.V. as a single agent. One complete and five partial responses were observed with only moderate toxicity. PMID- 6681834 TI - Serum somatomedin C concentrations in the fetal sheep increase markedly during gestation. AB - Serum somatomedin C concentrations in fetal sheep and pregnant ewes from days 51 to 149 of gestation were determined by specific radioimmunoassay. In the fetus (n = 61 samples) serum somatomedin C concentrations, fitted to a regression curve, increased significantly with advancing gestation from 0.44 units/ml at 51 days to 3.99 units/ml at 149 days, an increase of 806% (P less than 0.001). In the pregnant ewes (n = 14 samples), serum somatomedin C did not change during gestation. The temporal relationship between the marked increase in fetal somatomedin C concentrations and the acceleration of fetal growth is consistent with the hypothesis that somatomedin is important in the stimulation of fetal growth. PMID- 6681836 TI - Microbiological assays of total vitamin B-6 using the yeasts Saccharomyces uvarum and Kloeckera brevis. PMID- 6681835 TI - Failure of dietary-casein-induced acidosis to explain the hypercholesterolemia of casein-fed rabbits. AB - The partial replacement of casein by a mixture of gelatin, fish protein and soy protein in cholesterol-free semipurified diets of rabbits reduced the hypercholesterolemic response. The partial replacement of casein by the protein mixture also increased the feed intake and alleviated or reversed the weight loss observed from the casein diet. The data indicate that casein alone is not an ideal protein source for rabbits probably because of the imbalance of the amino acid composition. When KCl in the semipurified diets was replaced by KHCO3, a higher feed intake and a better growth were obtained, irrespective of the protein source in the diet. In addition, the feeding of semipurified diets containing KCl resulted in acidosis, which could be prevented by its replacement with KHCO3. A semipurified diet containing casein and KCl produced a more severe acidosis and higher serum cholesterol levels than the diet containing the protein mixture. Nevertheless, the correction of the acidosis by the replacement of KCl in the diet by KHCO3 did not lead to an abrogation of the casein-induced hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 6681837 TI - Platelet-associated immunoglobulin G in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Platelet-associated IgG was studied in children with acute and chronic ITP and in patients with thrombocytopenic SLE, using the microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Of the children with acute ITP, 85% had elevated PAIgG levels. The degree of elevation of PAIgG at onset of disease did not correlate with the development of chronicity. Of the children with acute ITP, clinically and hematologically indistinguishable from the rest, 15% had normal PAIgG values. All of 22 children with chronic ITP had elevated PAIgG values. Although there was good correlation between the platelet count and the PAIgG value in children with chronic ITP, the association was not as striking in those with acute ITP; thus, factors in addition to the level of PAIgG may contribute to the thrombocytopenia in the latter group. Patients with SLE and thrombocytopenia had higher values of PAIgG than would be predicted from the platelet count; the PAIgG value is probably not the only factor determining the degree of immune thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6681838 TI - Glutaric acidemia type II: a form with deleterious intrauterine effects. PMID- 6681839 TI - The microwave oven: a novel means of decontaminating parasitological specimens and glassware. AB - This study was conducted to determine the effects of microwave radiation on developmental and infective stages of Eimeria nieschulzi, Strongyloides ratti, and Taenia taeniaeformis. Fecal samples and laboratory preparations containing these three parasites were subjected to microwave radiation for brief periods in a microwave oven, and then in vitro and/or in vivo assessments of viability were made for each organism and preparation. Our results showed that microwave irradiation is extremely effective in killing or preventing development of helminth and protozoan parasites without unduly distorting eggs or developmental stages. Therefore, microwaves may prove useful for decontaminating diagnostic samples or sterilizing contaminated materials in the laboratory and thus for reducing risk to laboratory personnel from parasites of public health importance. PMID- 6681840 TI - The effects of crowding on adults of Philophthalmus gralli (Trematoda) grown in chickens. AB - Chickens were infected with six, 10, 30, 50, or 100 metacercariae of Philophthalmus gralli per eye and the adults were harvested 9, 14, 21, 35, and 50 days later. The worms recovered were measured and assessed for maturity. Significantly more adults from infections of six and 10 metacercariae per eye were recovered than from infections of 100 per eye. When metacercariae were placed in one eye, over one-fourth of the resulting adults were found in the opposite eye. Worms recovered from groups of zero to 10 were significantly longer than those in groups of 41 to 50 and 51 to 60 at all ages sampled. The normal movement of worms from the conjunctival sac to the outside of the nictitating membrane was hindered by crowding; when more than 10 were present, some worms developed in the sac to mature adults. Worms in all groups produced eggs in which miracidia developed at the same rate. PMID- 6681841 TI - In vivo safety of hollow fiber enzyme-reactors with immobilized phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in a large animal model for phenylketonuria. AB - Hollow fiber enzyme-reactors with immobilized phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) were developed for the in vivo depletion of phenylalanine (Phe) in circulating blood. A series of experiments was conducted with a large animal model in order to explore its safety for clinical use. The level of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets did not change during a 2-hr application of the reactors in anesthetized, heparinized dogs and monkeys with experimental hyperphenylalaninemia. No increase in blood urea nitrogen was observed due to generation of ammonia from PAL-catalyzed Phe breakdown. The other metabolic product, trans-cinnamic acid, was reported to be nontoxic. Repeated application of the PAL-reactors to the same animals did not produce untoward physiological or immunological reactions. These data suggest that PAL-reactors may be safe for in vivo use to control excess Phe brought about by fever, infection or pregnancy in phenylketonuric individuals otherwise balanced by a Phe-poor diet. Application of PAL-reactors may serve as a model for extracorporeal enzyme replacement in enzyme deficiency diseases. PMID- 6681842 TI - Synthesis of exo-3-phenylbicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-amine and related compounds as potential analgesics. AB - Several analogues (21 and 29-50) of exo-3-phenylbicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-amine (1) were prepared, a compound that had been found to have marked antinociceptive activity in the inflamed-paw pressure test in rats. Two synthetically versatile methods leading to these compounds are described. In this series, antinociceptive activity increases with increasing size of the amine substituent, reaching an optimum with N(Me)Et (32), but this is always associated with central nervous system (CNS) stimulant activity. The antinociceptive activity of these compounds is most likely due to an action that is similar to that of amphetamine rather than to an interaction with an opiate receptor. The endo diastereoisomer 22 and the benzo analogue 11 were both devoid of antinociceptive and CNS stimulant activity. PMID- 6681843 TI - New azacannabinoids highly active in the central nervous system. PMID- 6681844 TI - 2-Benzazepines. 4. [1,2,3]Triazolo[4,5-d][2]benzazepines and dibenzo[c,f][1,2,3]triazolo[3,4-a]azepines: synthesis and evaluation as central nervous system agents. AB - The facile synthesis of [1,2,3]triazolo((4,5-d][2]benzazepines and dibenzo[c,f][1,2,3]triazolo[3,4-a]azepines by the addition of sodium azide to acetylenic benzophenones is described. Examination of the pharmacological data indicates that selected triazolobenzazepines are as potent as diazepam in the anti-pentylenetetrazole test and are weaker in the inclined screen and rotarod tests, suggesting that these compounds have antianxiety properties similar to diazepam with fewer deficits in motor coordination. In addition, a possible diazepam antagonist was found in the triazolo-benzazepine series. The dibenzotriazoloazepines were found to be inactive in four standard CNS screening procedures. PMID- 6681845 TI - Structure-activity relationships for activation of adenylate cyclase by the diterpene forskolin and its derivatives. AB - Forskolin (7 beta-acetoxy-8,13-epoxy-1 alpha, 6 beta, 9 alpha-trihydroxylabd-14 en-11-one), a diterpene from the Indian plant Coleus forskohlii, activates cyclic AMP generating systems in a number of mammalian tissues in a rapid and reversible fashion. Derivatives of forskolin have been tested for their ability to stimulate membrane adenylate cyclase from rat brain and rabbit heart, as well as cyclic AMP generation in guinea pig brain vesicular preparations, a model system for intact cells. Derivatives at the 6 beta- and 7 beta-hydroxy functions retain activity, but none have greater activity than that of forskolin. Reduction of the 11-keto function affords an active 11 beta-hydroxy derivative. Reduction of the 14,15 vinyl (alpha) substituent reduces activity, while epoxidation abolishes activity. Derivatization or lack of the 1 alpha- and 9 alpha-hydroxy functions results in a marked reduction in activity, emphasizing the importance of the alpha aspect of the molecule. However, the 1 alpha, 6 beta-di-O-acetyl derivative does retain activity. None of the inactive derivatives, which include the 14,15-epoxy, the 1,9-dideoxy, and the 1,6-diketo derivatives, antagonize the stimulatory effects of forskolin. PMID- 6681846 TI - A look at the Peer Review Improvement Act of 1982. PMID- 6681847 TI - Mississippi Foundation for Medical Care in review. PMID- 6681848 TI - Morphometry of the female feline urethra. AB - Tissues composing the lower urinary tract of the female cat were discribed and analyzed morphometrically. Statistical comparisons were made with the female dog using previously obtained canine morphometric data. Despite a superficial similarity, the cat differs from the dog in having a significant component of longitudinally oriented urethral smooth muscle and appreciably less striated urethral sphincter. It is suggested that the cat requires an active mechanism for overcoming continence due to an inherently smaller urethral lumen, compared to the dog. The implication of our morphometric findings is that urethral mechanics are different for the female cat and dog. PMID- 6681849 TI - Naloxone induced micturition in unanesthetized paraplegic cats. AB - In chronic spinal cats 2 to 10 weeks after transection of the spinal cord at the lower thoracic level (T12-T13), the administration of naloxone, an opiate antagonist, (32-500 micrograms./kg. i.p.), stimulated micturition. The total quantity of urine released after administration of naloxone ranged from 10 to 70 per cent, (mean 39 per cent) of the initial bladder volume. The response to the drug occurred 5 to 10 minutes after injection and was characterized by repeated periodic expulsion of small quantities of urine (5 to 10 ml.) which coincided with a pattern of hind-limb movement which resembled walking behavior. The effects of naloxone persisted for about 1 hour. The motor activity following administration of naloxone was dependent upon activation of bladder afferents since it did not occur when the bladder was empty. Naloxone also facilitated the release of urine induced by stimulation of somatic afferents. With repeated administration of naloxone, tolerance developed which was evident for several days. These observations suggest that an endogenous opiate may have a tonic inhibitory role in regulation of micturition. Pharmacologic manipulation of this putative inhibitory mechanism may facilitate management of neurogenic bladder dysfunction. PMID- 6681850 TI - A multidisciplinary approach to the evaluation and management of male sexual dysfunction. AB - We recently established a multidisciplinary center for the evaluation and treatment of male sexual dysfunction. The patients are seen in a single day by the endocrinologist, psychiatrist, psychologist, neurophysiologist and urologist. Laboratory studies include chemical and hormonal profiles, pudendal nerve latency testing and determination of the penile blood pressure. Nocturnal penile tumescence studies are done in selected cases. A diagnosis was made in 95 of 106 patients (90 per cent). The problem was psychogenic in 42 per cent of the patients, vascular and neurologic in 34 per cent, hormonal in 15 per cent, urologic in 7 per cent and medication-related in 2 per cent. The interdisciplinary approach to this problem allows for a more comprehensive and accurate evaluation, while providing a convenient service to the patient. PMID- 6681851 TI - Aberrant carotid artery injured at myringotomy. Control of hemorrhage by a balloon catheter. PMID- 6681852 TI - Genital herpes and erythema multiforme. PMID- 6681854 TI - Genital herpes. PMID- 6681853 TI - Predictors of future established hypertension and diurnal blood pressure variability in borderline hypertension. AB - Among 157 patients with borderline hypertension 33.8% developed established hypertension (H), 28.6% became normotensive (N), and 37.6% still had borderline hypertension (BH) during a 3 to 10 year follow-up period (an average of 6.4 years). Significant differences in the clinical data among these 3 groups at the first examination were observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), age, obesity, known duration of hypertension and SV1 + RV5 on an electrocardiogram. Analysis of variance showed that SBP increased with age in both sexes, while DBP of men less than 49 years of age was higher in the H group than in the other groups. Obesity and duration of hypertension appeared to contribute to the later development of hypertension because of a higher blood pressure. Obese men in the H group generally had higher DBP than nonobese patients in the other groups. Men with a longer history of hypertension in the H group also had a higher initial blood pressure. SV1 + RV5 in many of the subgroups of the H group was often higher in similar subgroups of the other groups. These inter-subgroup differences may affect the statistical differences in the above-mentioned parameters among the 3 groups. The mean value and standard deviation of SBP and DBP of diurnal blood pressure measurements were in the order of established hypertensives, borderline hypertensives and normotensive subjects when power-normal distribution was applied. There was no evidence that lability of blood pressure was a characteristic feature of borderline hypertension. PMID- 6681856 TI - Modification of morphine withdrawal by interferon. PMID- 6681855 TI - [Technic of isolated perfusion of the extremities. Experience with 171 cases]. AB - In 171 cases of isolated perfusion of the extremities for treatment of melanomas and soft tissue sarcomas, standardized operation techniques were perfected. The arterial double cannulation makes an iliac cannulation feasible also in cases of second and third perfusion. Cytostatics are dosed per liter of perfused extremity. Cis-Platinum and dacarbacine were recently introduced in isolation perfusion treatment. So-called preheating of the extremity before adding the drugs allows administration of cytostatics besides tumortoxic hyperthermia. PMID- 6681857 TI - The thermal lability of adenylate cyclase: mechanisms of stabilization. AB - The thermal inactivation of adenylate cyclase was investigated in human lymphocytes and in the N-protein deficient cyc- S49 mouse lymphoma cell line. The enzyme is rapidly inactivated at 37C with a t1/2 of 5.5 and 4.5 min respectively in human and cyc- membranes. Thermal inactivation is prevented by at least two mechanisms. The first mechanism involves ATP which stabilizes adenylate cyclase in a concentration dependent manner similar to the Km of ATP for cAMP formation. However, the inhibition of inactivation does not require Mg++ while the enzyme catalysis of ATP to cAMP does. The second mechanism involves substances which activate the enzyme. The human lymphocyte enzyme is equally stabilized by either NaF, GppNHp, or forskolin. In contrast, the cyc- enzyme is fully stabilized by forskolin but only partially stabilized by NaF. When human erythrocyte N-protein extract is added to cyc- membranes, NaF fully stabilizes the enzyme. These data suggest that an activated N-protein is instrumental in stabilizing adenylate cyclase and that there is some N-protein component in cyc- membranes through which NaF may be exerting its stabilizing action. PMID- 6681858 TI - Methamphetamine mortality to emotional stimuli administered in the form of affective communication. AB - Methamphetamine induced mortality in physically stressed and non-physically stressed mice was investigated by employing a communication box in which shocked mice communicated their distress to unshocked mice in neighboring boxes. Intraperitoneal administration of methamphetamine 30 mg/kg caused greater mortality in both the shocked "sender" mice and the unshocked "responder" mice than in control when maintained at 27 +/- 1 degree C. Forty-eight hours after injection, the "sender", "responder" and control mice showed mortality of 80, 60 and 10%, respectively. This result indicates that the mortality of methamphetamine may be potentiated not only by physical stress but also by non physical stress. PMID- 6681859 TI - Cytochalasin D induces increased actin synthesis in HEp-2 cells. AB - In HEp-2 cells treated with 0.2 to 2.0 microM cytochalasin D (CD) for 7.5 to 24 h there was a 20 to 50% relative increase in actin content (units of actin per microgram of total cell protein). This augmentation, which was concentration and time dependent, was prevented by treatment with cycloheximide during exposure to CD. A 15 to 20% increase in the relative rate of actin synthesis in CD-treated HEp-2 cells (0.2 to 2.0 microM CD) was detectable after 1 h of treatment and increased to 30 to 50% by 24 h. This increased rate of actin synthesis was apparently responsible for the higher actin content of CD-treated HEp-2 cells. The concentration dependence of these effects of CD on actin metabolism correlated with the pattern seen for CD-triggered changes in cellular morphology and the underlying rearrangements of the actin-containing cytoskeletal structures, suggesting that the effects on metabolism and morphology were interrelated. Since the rapidly occurring cytoskeletal reorganization preceded the effects of CD on actin metabolism, it is proposed that actin synthesis is induced by the cytoskeletal rearrangement resulting from exposure to CD. PMID- 6681860 TI - Adenine transport and binding in cultured mammalian cells deficient in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. AB - Rapid kinetic techniques were employed to measure the transport of adenine in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient L929 and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in zero-trans entry and exit and equilibrium exchange procedures. The kinetic parameters of transport were computed by fitting appropriate integrated rate equations to time courses of transmembrane equilibration of radiolabeled adenine. Adenine transport conformed to the simple carrier model with directional symmetry and equal mobility of loaded and empty carrier. The Michaelis-Menten constants and maximum velocities for various strains of L929 cells fell between 2.3 and 3.5 mM and 90 and 150 pmol/microliters of cell water per s, respectively, values similar to those previously reported for CHO and Novikoff hepatoma cells. The corresponding values for hypoxanthine transport in L929 cells were 413 microM and 16 pmol/microliters of cell water per s. Adenine transport velocities were directly proportional to adenine concentrations between 0.03 and 50 microM in both CHO and Novikoff cells. The results indicate that adenine is transported in these cells by a single, low-affinity, high-capacity transporter. Adenine transport was inhibited by hypoxanthine in some cell strains, but not in others. Adenine also rapidly bound to L929 cells in a saturable manner (KD = 18 microM), presumably to the cell surface (about 3 X 10(7) sites per cell). PMID- 6681861 TI - Induction of micronuclei in Chinese-hamster ovary cells treated with Pt co ordination compounds. PMID- 6681862 TI - Mutagenicity of mono-, di- and tri-nitropyrenes in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - 1-Nitropyrene (1-NP), 1,3-dinitropyrene (1,3-DNP), 1-6-dinitropyrene (1,6-DNP), 1,8-dinitropyrene (1,8-DNP) and 1,3,6-trinitropyrene (1,3,6-TNP) were tested for mutagenicity in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Mutation at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene locus was quantified. While 1-NP and 1,3-DNP had only marginal direct-acting mutagenicity, 1,6-DNP, 1,8-DNP and 1,3,6-TNP showed definite mutagenicity, with specific mutagenic activities of 8.1, 21 and 54 mutants/10(6) survivors/micrograms . ml-1 respectively. The mutagenicity of 1-NP increased with increasing concentrations of Aroclor-1254 induced liver homogenate (S9) in the treatment medium. However, S9 at all concentrations tested decreased the mutagenicity of 1,6-DNP and 1,8-DNP. S9 at low concentrations enhanced the mutagenicity of 1,3-DNP and 1,3,6-TNP and that at high concentrations decreased their mutagenicity. The positive mutagenic response of the nitropyrenes suggests that they are potentially carcinogenic, and that further research into their possible human health risk should be performed. PMID- 6681864 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6681863 TI - Mutation induction in Chinese hamster ovary cells after chronic pretreatment with MNNG. PMID- 6681865 TI - Hypertension after metoclopramide. PMID- 6681866 TI - Comparison of transformation efficiency of human active and inactive X chromosomal DNA. AB - The mechanism of X-chromosome inactivation has been investigated recently using DNA-mediated transformation of the X-linked hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) locus. Several experiments indicate that inactive X chromosomal DNA does not function in HPRT transformation. Liskay and Evans used DNA from hamster or mouse cells which had an hprt- allele on the active X chromosome and an hprt+ allele on the inactive X chromosome. We and others used rodent-human hybrid cell lines which had an hprt+ allele on the inactive human X chromosome alone. DNA from all of these cells failed to transform HPRT- recipients. Recently, Chapman et al. have shown that inactive X-chromosome DNA from several tissues of adult female mice is strikingly inefficient in genetic transformation for the hprt gene. On the other hand, de Jonge et al., using simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed fibroblasts from a human heterozygous for an HPRT deficiency, observed HPRT transformation regardless of whether the hprt+ allele was on the active or the inactive X chromosome of the donor cells. We have done an experiment similar to that of deJonge et al., and report here results which clearly indicate that DNA from the inactive X chromosome functions very poorly in HPRT transformation, thus supporting the original interpretation of Liskay and Evans that inactive X-chromosomal DNA is structurally modified. PMID- 6681867 TI - Nutrition and lactational control of fertility in red deer. PMID- 6681868 TI - Synaptic mechanisms underlying interictal spike initiation in a hippocampal network. AB - The intrinsic bursting capability of hippocampal neurons is well established. Recent experimental data also imply that CA3 neurons have mutual chemical excitatory interactions. Our previous simulations have shown how these two properties of the hippocampal CA3 region suffice to account for the synchronized burst discharges that occur in the presence of penicillin. Electrotonic interactions via gap junctions have also been described in the CA3 region, but their contribution to synchronization is not clear. We now show that a network of cells connected only by electrotonic junctions does not reproduce the experimental data on synchronization. In combination with chemical synapses, electrotonic junctions can prevent synchronized discharge, increase the degree of synchronization, or prolong the latency from stimulus to discharge. The effect electrotonic junctions have on synchronization of cellular bursting depends intimately on the density and strength of the chemical synapses. PMID- 6681869 TI - Sclerosteosis: neurogenetic and pathophysiologic analysis of an American kinship. AB - We studied an American kinship with sclerosteosis, an autosomal-recessive disorder of bone remodeling and bone overgrowth of the calvaria, skull base, and tubular bones. Unlike osteopetrosis, which is attributed to abnormal immune and osteoclast function as well as bone resorption, sclerosteosis appears to be primarily a disorder of osteoblast (bone formation) hyperactivity. Related to cranial vascular and neural foraminal narrowing and reduced intracranial volume, affected patients with sclerosteosis demonstrate frequent seventh nerve palsy, progressive optic and cranial neuropathies, mixed hearing loss, brainstem compression, intracranial hypertension with increased elastance, and sudden, premature death. Management should involve early childhood identification of homozygotes, monitoring and aggressive treatment of intracranial hypertension, and extensive bone removal from skull, posterior fossa, and cervical spine. PMID- 6681870 TI - Effects of 3-OM-dopa on monoamine metabolism in rat brain. AB - We studied the effects of 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxy-phenylalanine (3-OM-dopa) on monoamine turnover, L-3-4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (L-dopa) reversal of catecholamine depletion induced by alpha-methyl-paratyrosine (alpha-MT), and the passage of L-dopa across the blood-brain barrier of the rat brain. 3-OM-dopa did not affect monoamine turnover but interfered with restoration of dopamine levels by L-dopa. In addition, systemic 3-OM-dopa decreased brain uptake of 14C-L-dopa. High 3-OM-dopa blood levels may interfere with the therapeutic response to L-dopa in parkinsonism. PMID- 6681871 TI - Primidone, phenobarbital, and PEMA: I. Seizure protection, neurotoxicity, and therapeutic index of individual compounds in mice. AB - Neurotoxicity and protection against maximal electroshock and Metrazol seizures from primidone (PRM), phenobarbital (PB), and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) were determined in mice for each drug separately and expressed in terms of brain concentrations. Compared with PB, PEMA was 16 times less potent against electroshock and Metrazol seizures but only 8 times less toxic. Primidone was markedly less neurotoxic than PB and equally potent against electroshock, but PRM had no effect against Metrazol or bicuculline. PRM is a relatively nontoxic anticonvulsant with a different action than PB, and PEMA is both a weak and a relatively toxic anticonvulsant. PMID- 6681872 TI - Primidone, phenobarbital, and PEMA: II. Seizure protection, neurotoxicity, and therapeutic index of varying combinations in mice. AB - Neurotoxicity and protection against maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetrazol (Metrazol) seizures were determined in mice for various combinations of primidone (PRM), phenobarbital (PB), and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA). The results suggest that PRM and PB together are superior to either one alone in terms of spectrum of activity and relative toxicity. The protection against Metrazol and the toxicity of PB are both potentiated by PEMA at low concentrations. PEMA also potentiates the toxicity of combined PRM plus PB, without altering their protection against MES, thus lowering their therapeutic index. We conclude that PRM and PB together have an advantage over PB alone, especially when their brain concentration ratio is at or above 1 and PEMA concentrations are low. These conditions are usually not present at steady state in patients treated with PRM. PMID- 6681874 TI - Chronic spinal muscular atrophy and pallidonigral degeneration: report of a case. PMID- 6681873 TI - Sea-blue histiocytes, lymphocytic cytosomes, movement disorder and 59Fe-uptake in basal ganglia: Hallervorden-Spatz disease or ceroid storage disease with abnormal isotope scan? PMID- 6681875 TI - Electrophysiologic properties of aneurally cultured muscle from patients with myotonic muscular atrophy. AB - Electrophysiologic studies were performed on aneurally cultured human muscle cells from seven patients with myotonic muscular atrophy and seven controls. There was no significant difference in resting membrane potential. When the cells were hyperpolarized to -80 mV, there was no significant difference in effective membrane resistance, effective membrane capacitance, normalized membrane conductance, membrane threshold, action potential amplitude, or maximum rate of rise of the action potential. Repetitive discharges were elicited by anodal-break excitation in a few cells from each group. We found no evidence that cultured myotonic atrophy muscle cells are electrically different from control cells. PMID- 6681876 TI - Effects of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis sera on cultured cholinergic neurons. AB - Dissociated monolayer cultures of chick ciliary ganglion neurons have been used to study the effects of control and ALS sera. The cultured neurons survive and extend neurites for a minimum of 2 weeks in a standard tissue culture medium that contains 10% heat-inactivated human serum. Three parameters of the neurons have been examined when cultured in control and ALS sera for 8 to 12 days: (1) neuronal survival, (2) activity of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase, and (3) synthesis of 3H-acetylcholine using 3H-choline as precursor. ALS sera cause a small decrease in these three parameters, but this difference is not significant. PMID- 6681877 TI - Sexual ictal manifestations predominate in women with temporal lobe epilepsy: a finding suggesting sexual dimorphism in the human brain. PMID- 6681878 TI - A dominantly inherited myopathy with excessive tubular aggregates. AB - We studied a family in which seven individuals in three generations had slowly progressive weakness without atrophy, myalgia, cramps, or episodic weakness. Creatine kinase was normal, and EMG showed only slight "myopathic" changes. Neuromuscular transmission was undisturbed. Muscle biopsies were performed in three patients. About 60 to 90% of all fibers contained tubular aggregates. There was a marked variation in fiber size and a marked type II fiber atrophy. Biopsy of an asymptomatic family member was normal. The nature of the underlying disease was obscure. PMID- 6681879 TI - Behavioral abnormalities after right hemisphere stroke. AB - We evaluated 41 patients with unilateral right hemisphere strokes for hemiparesis, hemianopia, constructional apraxia, neglect, extinction, unilateral spatial neglect on drawing (USND), dressing apraxia, anosognosia, prosopagnosia, and motor impersistence. Low correlations were found among USND, neglect, and extinction. Constructional apraxia showed a higher correlation with USND than with hemianopia. Motor impersistence and anosognosia correlated with the severity of the hemiplegia. Left neglect, motor impersistence, and anosognosia tended to occur only with large strokes. Injury to the right parietal lobe appears to be an important determinant of USND and constructional apraxia. In most cases of motor impersistence, left neglect, and anosognosia, there was injury to the right parietal lobe and also to structures beyond the parietal lobe. In two cases, small deep lesions produced behavioral abnormalities comparable to those of larger superficial cortical lesions. PMID- 6681880 TI - Recovery of behavioral abnormalities after right hemisphere stroke. AB - We studied recovery of function in 41 patients with right hemisphere stroke. Recovery was rapid for left neglect, prosopagnosia, anosognosia, and unilateral spatial neglect on drawing (USN). Recovery was slower for h mianopia, hemiparesis, motor impersistence, and extinction. Rates of recovery were intermediate for constructional apraxia and dressing apraxia. Sex had no influence on the rate of recovery. Younger patients recovered from prosopagnosia more rapidly than older patients. Patients with smaller lesions recovered more quickly from anosognosia, USN, and hemiparesis than patients with larger lesions. Patients with hemorrhages recovered more rapidly from constructional apraxia, neglect, and motor impersistence than patients with infarcts. Recovery of function and the factors influencing recovery can by studied systematically by life table methods. PMID- 6681881 TI - Nemaline myopathy in the neonate. PMID- 6681882 TI - Neurogenic arthropathy and recurring fractures with subclinical inherited neuropathy. AB - Some patients with radiologic findings of neurogenic arthropathy or multiple fractures do not exhibit overt neurologic signs. Results of nerve conduction velocity, computer-assisted sensory examination, periosteal nociception, and morphometric and graded teased-fiber evaluation of cutaneous nerves allowed us to recognize a mild neuropathic abnormality. Neurogenic arthropathy and subclinical neuropathy were also found in relatives. In three kinships, the underlying disorder was probably hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 and in several others, it was recessively inherited sensory neuropathy. These arthropathies were often painful, and overt loss of superficial and deep pain sensation was not a prominent or necessary condition. An interplay of multiple factors including insensitivity, trauma, obesity, activity, abuse, personality, mental subnormality, and metabolic joint and bone disease are probably involved in the development of the bony lesions and thus provide further evidence that environmental factors affect expression of human mutant genes for inherited neuropathy. PMID- 6681883 TI - Decreased ventricular fluid norepinephrine metabolite in childhood-onset dystonia. AB - 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), the primary brain metabolite of norepinephrine (NE), was measured in ventricular fluid from 51 patients with dystonia, other movement disorders, or hydrocephalus. The dystonic patients were divided into three categories: childhood-onset form with early limb dystonia and rapid progression to generalized symptoms, more localized and benign adult-onset dystonia, and symptomatic dystonia. Patients with the childhood form had significantly lower ventricular fluid MHPG levels (8.7 +/- 0.6 ng per milliliter) than other dystonic patients (11.4 +/- 1 ng per milliliter), age-matched controls with neurologic disease (11.7 +/- 1.1 ng per milliliter), or other movement disorders (11.8 +/- 0.7 ng per milliliter). Decreased ventricular fluid MHPG levels suggest a possible abnormality of brain NE function in childhood dystonia. PMID- 6681884 TI - Recovery to social and economic independence from prolonged postanoxic vegetative state. AB - If a patient is still in a vegetative state 1 month after anoxia, the prognosis for recovery is poor. We studied a patient who began to recover 7 weeks after carbon monoxide intoxication. She eventually resumed an independent life as a socially functioning and gainfully employed person. PMID- 6681885 TI - Myokymia in Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - Facial or limb myokymia was present in 8 patients (17%) of 48 consecutive cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome. It occurred early in the course of the illness and persisted 5 to 40 days as the patients recovered. Facial myokymia usually occurred in clinically weak muscles, was most often bilateral, and was more common in women. Bilaterality and transient nature differed from the facial myokymia seen in pontine tumors and demyelinating disease. PMID- 6681887 TI - Under- or over-supply of neurologists. PMID- 6681886 TI - Platelet activation and mitral valve prolapse. AB - Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a predisposing factor for cerebral ischemia, especially in young adults. Cerebral embolization of intracardiac thrombi is the probable mechanism in many cases. Platelets play a key role in the development of thrombi. We found that platelet factor 4, a marker protein of platelet activation, was elevated in 12 of 33 MVP patients (36%) without a history of stroke. This finding indicates that platelets are frequently activated in asymptomatic MVP patients and may allow identification of a subgroup of MVP patients with activated platelets who are at increased risk for emboli. PMID- 6681888 TI - A design for the prospective evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of antiepileptic drugs in adults. AB - The design for the comparative evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, and carbamazepine is outlined. A double blind prospective study of a sufficient number of patients can determine the optimum drug to use initially for partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adults. The rationale for methods defines the major parameters that should be addressed in order to determine optimum drug for longterm seizure therapy. Major problems in the function of such a project include aspects of sample size attainment, screening/recruitment, non-drug-related losses, and adjustments to the ongoing protocol. The design, with modifications, can be used to study other antiepileptic drugs and other types of seizures. PMID- 6681889 TI - A method of quantification for the evaluation of antiepileptic drug therapy. PMID- 6681890 TI - Principles in designing clinical trials for antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 6681891 TI - [Experience with preoperative preventive care in obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - The clinical behaviour and post-operative course of 60 patients who had undergone obstetrics or gynaecological surgery is compared. In 30 cases (20 obstetric and 10 gynaecological), antibiotic prophylaxis took the form of a single i.m. injection of 600 mg of lincomycin and 80 mg of gentamycin, 30 minutes before the operation. In the remaining 30 cases (20 obstetric, 10 gynacological), the antibiotic cover was administered postoperatively by i.v. injection of doxicyclin (100 mg every 12 hours for 3 days and 100 mg every 12 hours per os for a further 2 days). From a comparison of the 2 groups, and keeping obstetric and gynaecological cases separate, it is concluded that preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is comparable in its results to post-operative antibiotic cover. Postoperative haematochemical tests were also done and, as has been reported, showed no significant alterations from the tests administered preoperatively, thus confirming the high tolerance of the drugs in question in the above-stated doses. No cochleovestibular disturbances were encountered nor were drug-resistant bacteriological strains. The efficacy of this prophylactic treatment is confirmed and though comparable in results to the alternative postoperative types is indubitably advantageous both in the lower cost to the community and the short duration of the treatment itself. PMID- 6681892 TI - Further experience with the fetal biophysical profile. AB - At Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center, the authors performed biophysical profile testing on 186 fetuses within one week of delivery. One component of the biophysical profile is the nonstress test. The other four components are fetal parameters observed with real-time ultrasonography: fetal breathing movements, fetal movements, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid volume. Clinicians managed the patients on the basis of the nonstress test result, and the authors did not report the other biophysical profile results. Measures of outcome included perinatal mortality, fetal distress in labor, low five-minute Apgar score, and birth weight small for gestational age. Results indicate that fetal biophysical parameters other than the response, or lack of response, of the fetal heart rate to fetal movements may have predictive value in assessing the state of fetal health. In the future, real-time ultrasonography may prove to be a reliable adjunct to antepartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring. PMID- 6681893 TI - Evaluation of the chronic hepatic toxicity of 6-mercaptopurine in the wistar rat. AB - The ability of choline (C) to prevent hepatic toxicity due to chronic administration of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) was evaluated in male Wistar rats. Two dose levels of 6-MP and two dose levels of C were used. Choline did not prevent or diminish the hepatic accumulation of triglyceride when administered in combination with 6-MP. The 6-MP did impair the growth of the experimental animals, and this effect was antagonized by C administration. The data provided experimental support for the clinical observation of growth impairment in children treated with chronic antimetabolite therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6681894 TI - [49,XXXXY syndrome with signs of precocious puberty]. PMID- 6681895 TI - [Immaturity and intensive perinatal care]. PMID- 6681896 TI - The in vitro and in vivo photoreactivity of bilirubin: I. Laser-defined wavelength dependence. AB - Monochromatic light was provided by a continuous wave Argon ion laser. We chose to study the in vitro effects of light at 457.9, 465.8, 476.5, 488.0, 501.7, and 514.5 nm as representative of a reasonably evenly spaced sampling across the blue green spectrum. The in vivo experiments were conducted at 457.9, 476.5, 488.0, and 514.5 nm. In vitro light at 488.0 nm appeared to be more effective than the others studied. After 24 h of irradiance, the in vivo decline in serum bilirubin concentration produced by light at 488.0 nm was one-and-one-half, two, and four times as effective as light at 457.9, 476.5 and 514.5 nm, respectively. By 48 h of exposure, the declines produced by light at 457.9 nm and 488.0 nm are significantly superior to that at 476.5 nm and 514.5 nm, but they do not differ from one another. PMID- 6681897 TI - Human growth hormone treatment of children with growth failure and normal growth hormone levels by immunoassay: lack of correlation with somatomedin generation. AB - Children with growth failure, normal growth hormone responses to stimulation tests, and low somatomedin levels are being recognized with increasing frequency. Sixteen patients, aged 2 to 17 years, with these findings were studied. When treated with human growth hormone, the mean plasma somatomedin-C levels of these patients increased from 0.19 +/- 0.05 (SD) U/mL to 2.29 +/- 1.11 U/mL (P less than .001) and mean growth velocity increased from 3.6 +/- 1.6 (SD) cm/yr to 7.4 +/- 2.9 cm/yr at 8 months of treatment (P less than .001). The effect of human growth hormone therapy on the whole group was statistically significant, but the effect on individuals was highly variable. There was no correlation between magnitude of the increase in somatomedin-C and growth response (r = .26, NS). Thus, the long-term growth-promoting effect of human growth hormone therapy in this group of patients could not be predicted from the magnitude of the somatomedin-C responses. PMID- 6681898 TI - The aging endocrine system. Evaluation and treatment of age-related disorders. PMID- 6681899 TI - Acyclovir in the treatment of herpesvirus infections. PMID- 6681900 TI - Effect of high fat and iron levels on the growth and mortality of chickens. AB - Four experiments were conducted with chicks to determine whether the heating of vegetable oil and its contamination with iron might have detrimental effects upon its use in chicken diets. Soybean oil and safflower oil heated at 230 C for 51 hr and linseed oil heated at 240 C for 24 hr gave reduced growth when fed to chickens at 20 percent of the diet. Heating soybean oil at 175 C for 51 hr had no detrimental effect. However, iron at 5000 ppm depressed growth significantly when fed in a low fat diet. The depression was greatly reduced when soybean oil was fed at 10 or 20% of the diet. A different lot of soybean oil was found to cause skin dermatitis and high mortality when fed at 20% of the diet due to its physical contamination on the skin. PMID- 6681901 TI - Calcium regulating hormones during the estrous cycle of the rat. AB - Plasma levels of calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), calcitonin (CT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and prolactin (PRL) were measured at 8, 13, and 17 hr during the 4 day estrous cycle of the rat. Ca levels fell throughout the day during proestrus (PE) and estrus (E). In contrast Ca rose transiently during diestrus (D1, D2). P levels fluctuated inconsistently at all stages of the cycle with the exception of E where P levels were significantly higher at 13 hr. CT levels showed an increase during D1 and D2 and fell to their lowest values during E, at 13 hr. Daily fluctuations in each stage were also recorded. Variations of PTH levels during the estrous cycle were minor. PRL levels increased sharply during PE. No direct relationship between PRL secretion and CT secretion could be established. These results indicate that CT but not PTH varies specifically in relation to the estrous cycle. They suggest that there is a link between sexual hormones and CT, apparently independent of plasma calcium levels. PMID- 6681902 TI - Role of nocturnal feeding in the development of the diurnal rhythm of jejunal sucrase activity. AB - A diurnal rhythm of jejunal sucrase activity has been shown previously to make its developmental appearance in the rat at the time of weaning (Day 22). In this study we found that the rhythm was not present on Day 23 if the onset of feeding was not coordinated with the onset of darkness. Conversely, the sucrase rhythm appeared precociously (Day 19) in pups weaned onto chow on a schedule in which the onset of feeding is coordinated with the onset of the dark period. It is concluded that the normal developmental appearance of the sucrase rhythm is due, at least in part, to the fact that ad libitum feeding becomes nocturnal around Day 22. PMID- 6681903 TI - Shoulder formation, rotation of the wing, and polarity of the wing mesoderm and ectoderm. PMID- 6681904 TI - LSD-potentiated apomorphine hypermotility: a model for differentiating antipsychotic drugs. AB - The model of LSD-potentiated apomorphine hypermotility (LPAH) in rats in comparison to apomorphine-induced hypermotility (AH) was used to investigate typical and atypical neuroleptics by analyzing complete dose response curves. Haloperidol (0.06 mg/kg) induced a parallel shift to the right of both the AH and LPAH dose response curves indicating dopaminolytic properties without any serotonolytic effect. Chlorpromazine (0.5 mg/kg) caused a mixed inhibitory effect on the LPAH, whereas the AH was not affected, probably due to the variety of actions at different transmission systems. Clozapine (0.125 mg/kg) antagonized the LSD effect indicating serotonolytic properties, whereas an additive influence on the AH might be caused by its cholinolytic properties. Sulpiride (10 mg/kg) potentiated both the AH and the LPAH, probably due to presynaptic dopaminergic mechanisms. Two conclusions can be drawn: (1) The results agree with and support the idea of a serotonergic modulation of the (predominant) mesolimbic dopaminergic system in the induction of locomotor effects. (2) The model of LPAH is useful to clearly differentiate typical from atypical neuroleptics, and to obtain information whether there is a primary involvement of dopaminergic or serotonergic mechanisms. PMID- 6681905 TI - Stress induced suppression of maintenance but not of acquisition of ethanol consumption in rats. AB - Male Wistar rats were given a free-choice between water and increasing concentrations of ethanol from 3% to 11% (v/v) during the acquisition phase. Thereafter, animals were maintained on a choice between water and 11% ethanol for the balance of the experiment. For 5 days prior to and for periods during the acquisition and maintenance phases, the animals were exposed to electric footshock, restraint or no stress. The results showed no differences in ethanol drinking patterns among the groups during the acquisition phase. However, in the maintenance phase, both footshock and restraint suppressed the increase in ethanol intake seen in the no-stress control group. PMID- 6681906 TI - Acute and chronic effects of estrogen treatment on pimozide-induced catalepsy in the rat. AB - The effects of acute (3 days) and chronic (3 weeks) estrogen treatment on pimozide-induced catalepsy in ovariectomized female rats is described. Bar and grid tests were used to evaluate the cataleptic response to a 4 mg/kg dose of pimozide. Bar data showed that acute estrogen treatment (10 microgram/kg/day) significantly potentiated catalepsy when rats were tested 24 hours after the hormone but not if a dose-test interval of 48 hours was used. In the chronic phase catalepsy was significantly increased in both hormone treated groups (24 and 48 hours after estrogen). The grid data showed a qualitatively similar trend but did not reach significance in either the acute or chronic test phase. The difference between the two test phases may arise from the operation of independent factors in each case: the acute phase effect resulting from a central action of estrogen while the chronic data might be more typical of a metabolic effect. These, and other, possibilities are discussed. PMID- 6681907 TI - Effects of ethanol on enforced spatial variability in the 8-arm radial maze. AB - Previous work has indicated that ethanol is a potent stereotypy-inducing agent. At least this is the case for spontaneously emitted instrumental behavior. The present experiments were undertaken to determine if spatial variability could be generated by drugged rats when it was enforced by reward contingencies. With a reward nonreplacement rule in force, four arms of an 8-arm radial maze were baited on every trial. Rats injected with 0, 0.75, 1.5, or 2.0 g/kg ethanol were required to run to the same set of arms from trial-to-trial and session-to session. Efficient performance depended upon their running to the correct set of arms as well as meeting a "win-shift" demand which proscribed returning to previously visited arms during a given trial. Although all groups were eventually able to run to the correct set of arms, alcohol, especially at higher doses, promoted repetition. The inability to refrain from reentering arms prevented many alcohol-injected animals from obtaining the four rewards in the allotted time. In Phase 2 of Experiment 1, the baited arms were rotated 45 degrees. Now the formerly empty arms contained pellets and rewards were withdrawn from the previously correct arms. Adjustment to this shift was rapid for 0 and 0.75 g/kg groups, but an increasingly severe perseveration was observed across the higher ethanol groups. Experiment 2 reproduced the results of Experiment 1 under different circumstances. While trained as before to run to a specific set of four arms in Phase 1, Phase 2 presented the rats with rewards in all eight arms of the maze. With higher doses of alcohol an increasing persistence in running to the original four arms was observed. Saline-injected animals, on the other hand, rapidly doubled the number of pellets taken. Taken together, and in view of earlier findings, the results suggest that alcohol interacts with previous training as well as recent choices with the result that spatial dispersion is restricted in spite of explicitly opposing reward contingencies. PMID- 6681908 TI - Capsaicin treatment and stress-induced analgesia. AB - Capsaicin modulates animal pain perception, increasing chemosensitive and pressure thresholds following systemic administration, increasing thermal thresholds following intrathecal administration, and decreasing electric shock thresholds following intracerebroventicular (ICV) administration. Since morphine analgesia is decreased in a dose-dependent manner following ICV capsaicin, the present study examined whether ICV injections of capsaicin (0, 25, 50, 100 micrograms) would alter other analgesic responses as well. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the analgesic response to a 450 mg/kg dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose was significantly reduced by the 25 and 50, but not the 100 micrograms capsaicin dose. Further, while analgesia induced by cold-water swims (CWS) in a 2 degrees C bath was significantly attenuated by the 25 micrograms capsaicin dose, the entire dose range eliminated analgesia induced by CWS in a 15 degrees C bath. Experiment 2 indicated that the capsaicin-induced alterations in CWS analgesia were not attributable to parallel changes in CWS hypothermia. Experiment 3 demonstrated that capsaicin failed to alter both the non-opioid analgesic response induced by 20 inescapable foot shocks (FS) and the opioid analgesic response induced by 80 FS. These data are discussed in terms of the similarities to and/or dissimilarities from capsaicin-induced effects upon morphine analgesia. PMID- 6681909 TI - Stimulation of microsomal drug oxidation in liver and kidney of rats treated with the oncolytic agent cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum-II. AB - In vitro drug metabolism from liver and kidney of rats was studied for up to 12 days following a single intraperitoneal injection of the antineoplastic drug cisplatinum. At 3,5, and 8 days posttreatment, hepatic cytochrome P-450 dependent enzyme activity was increased 20-45%, but levels of cytochromes P-450 and b5 were unaltered. Hepatic in vitro stimulated thiobarbituric acid reactive (TBAR) substances were increased at all times, with a maximum of 20 times normal on day 5. Renal aniline hydroxylase activity was elevated 25-95% throughout the first 8 days. Renal in vitro stimulated TBAR substances were not significantly altered. In vitro addition of cisPt to control microsomes resulted in no consistent, dose related changes in substrate metabolism. PMID- 6681910 TI - Further evaluation of the potential of the argon laser in the treatment of strawberry hemangiomas. AB - Six cases of strawberry hemangioma have been presented in which some form of intervention in tumor progression was indicated. The argon laser was used. All six cases showed loss of surface vascularity. Growth was clearly arrested in four of the six. Premature regression could be definitely claimed in only one. The strong impression is presented that argon laser therapy, although often helpful in the more developed strawberry hemangiomas, as seen in this series, could be most effective if used when the lesion is first noted, before it has time to grow, especially in areas of high complication potential. Where feasible, further exploration into the use of the argon laser in very early strawberry hemangiomas is urged. PMID- 6681911 TI - [Effect of the combined action of external gamma-radiation and intratracheal administration of 239Pu on the sexual function of female rats and on their progeny]. PMID- 6681912 TI - Uterine perforation during intracavitary application. Prognostic significance in carcinoma of the cervix. AB - All cases of uterine perforation occurring during intracavitary application for carcinoma of the cervix over a 13-year period (1968-1981) were reviewed. There were 14 perforations out of 799 applications in 622 patients, for an incidence of 2.25% of patients and 1.75% of applications. In most cases, it is sufficient to halt the application and carefully monitor the patient, as supported by the uneventful post-perforation course in 12 cases. Nine patients (64%) underwent subsequent intracavitary application without further complications; of these, 8 are still living or died without evidence of tumor. In the other 5, it was impossible to locate the cervical canal on subsequent applications. Alternative treatments, results of therapy, and analysis of failures are presented. The authors conclude that there is no direct evidence that uterine perforation alters the prognosis following radiation therapy for carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 6681913 TI - [Calcification of the splenic and portal veins (associated with a calcified aneurysm of the splenic artery)]. PMID- 6681915 TI - Regulation of carcinogen metabolism in the rat ovary by the estrous cycle and gonadotropin. AB - The activity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene hydroxylase in the rat ovary is several times higher in the proestrous phase of the estrous cycle than in the estrous and metestrous plus diestrous phases. Administration of gonadotropin leads to a similar increase in the capacity of the ovary to metabolize xenobiotics. This variation in the activity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene hydroxylase during the estrous cycle may be related to the marked changes in the incidence of ovarian cancer during menopause and in women taking contraceptive pills. PMID- 6681914 TI - A sex difference in the hemodynamic effects of chronic normobaric hypoxia in rats. AB - The packed cell volume was higher and the increase in systolic pressure in the right ventricle, as an indication of systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery, was smaller in female rats previously exposed for 4 weeks to normobaric hypercapnic hypoxia, as compared to males treated in the same way. Gonadectomy performed in male rats either on the first day of life or after maturation did not have a significant influence on circulatory reaction to chronic normobaric hypoxia. Female rats in permanent estrus and those with ovariectomy had larger posthypoxic hypertrophy of the right ventricle as indicated by higher values for right/left ventricular weight ratio and relative weight of the right ventricle, than untreated controls. PMID- 6681916 TI - [Autonomic dysfunction in patients with sexual disorders associated with inflammatory genital diseases]. PMID- 6681917 TI - [Surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women]. PMID- 6681918 TI - [Exudative otitis media as a possible sign of nasopharyngeal tumor]. PMID- 6681919 TI - Increase in jugular circulation of Trypanosoma congolense in infected calves caused by effective trypanocides. PMID- 6681920 TI - Feeding cows' colostrum to newborn lambs. PMID- 6681921 TI - Treatment of navicular disease. PMID- 6681922 TI - The effect of replacement of dietary soybean protein by casein on the fecal excretion of neutral steroids in rabbits. PMID- 6681923 TI - Postprandial changes in the levels of lipids, glucose, urea and nonprotein nitrogen in the serum of veal calves fed milk replacers containing either skim milk powder or soybean protein concentrate. PMID- 6681924 TI - Sexual precocity in a boy due to hypersecretion of LH and prolactin by a pituitary adenoma. AB - The paper reports on precocious puberty and galactorrhoea in a 4 8/12 year old boy. Roentgenograms of the skull showed slight lateral bulging of sella floor and pneumoencephalography indicated a pituitary adenoma with a suprasellar extension. Pre-operative study of anterior pituitary function was normal except for increased values of LH (900 mIU/ml), testosterone (2000 ng/ml) and prolactin (215 ng/ml). After removal of a chromophobe pituitary adenoma by transfrontal surgery the galactorrhoea disappeared within 10 days. Post-operative endocrine evaluation showed immediate normalization of LH, testosterone and prolactin values. PMID- 6681925 TI - Serum non-protein bound percentage and distribution of the progestin ST-1435: no effect of ST-1435 treatment on plasma SHBG and CBG binding capacities. PMID- 6681926 TI - Influence of age, strain and season on diurnal periodicity of thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine and parathyroid hormone in the serum of male laboratory rats. AB - The influence of age, strain and season on the diurnal pattern of serum hormone levels from the pituitary-thyro-parathyroid complex was studied in male laboratory rats. Distinct 24 h periodicity in the serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and triiodothyronine (T3) was observed in all groups of rats. There was no influence of age (40, 60 and 90 days old Sprague-Dawley rats), but a significant influence of strain (Sprague-Dawley vs. BH/Ztm rats) and season (summer vs. winter) on the diurnal pattern of serum TSH and T3 levels. Significant 24 h periodicity in serum thyroxine (T4) levels existed during winter in BH/Ztm rats, but not in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of any age. Adult SD rats demonstrated 24 h periodicity in serum levels of T4 only in summer. No diurnal periodicity in serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) was observed in any group of rats. There were significant changes in 24 h mean serum levels of TSH and T3 throughout pubertal development. Twenty-four h mean serum levels of T3 and T4 were significantly higher in summer than in winter. Twenty-four h mean serum levels of T4 were significantly lower in BH/Ztm rats than in SD rats. Significant correlation was observed between serum concentrations of T3 and T4, TSH and T4, and between TSH and T3 in some groups of rats, but not in all. The results indicate that 24 h periodicity of serum hormone levels from the pituitary-thyroid complex of male laboratory rats may vary with age and strain of the animals and with the season of experiment performance. PMID- 6681927 TI - Plasma cortisol variations induced in the stallion by mating. AB - Plasma cortisol variations have been determined by radioimmunoassay in 5 stallions during mating and in 2 teasers during oestrous female exposure. In all the animals, cortisol plasma levels consistently increase (71.1 ng/ml vs 44.0 and 63.0 ng/ml vs 35.1, in the stallions and in the teasers, respectively) 7-30 min after female exposure; 120 min after exposure, cortisol concentrations are again low. PMID- 6681929 TI - Relation of body posture to Eustachian tube function. AB - The function of the Eustachian tube was tested by sonotubometry in 34 adult, otologically healthy persons in different body postures. The relation of tubal function to body posture was analysed statistically. The horizontal position (lying dorsally or face down) and the elevation of the patient's head by 20 degrees had no significant effect on the tubal patency as compared with the sitting position. Similar results were obtained from 2 subjects with a common cold. In spite of the small mean values of the air flow through the tube, which were tested previously, while the patients were in a horizontal position, the Eustachian tube opens normally. The earlier, contrary results obtained by the pressure equalization method may be erroneous, due to a locking phenomenon or a tubal obstruction, which the act of swallowing was unable to overcome. The postural effect on the tubal function is slight and the advice to place the patient's head during bed rest in a position of at least 20 degrees above the horizontal level has hardly any significance in the prevention or treatment of acute or secretory otitis media. PMID- 6681928 TI - Passive transfer of immune-mediated middle ear inflammation and effusion. AB - Antigenic challenge in the middle ear of animals previously sensitized intradermally results in an immunologically mediated inflammatory response, including the generation of serous effusion in the middle ear cavity. The mechanisms which contribute to this immune-mediated otitis media with effusion (OME) were investigated by passive transfer with either purified IgG or with sensitized lymphocytes. A peritoneal exudate was raised in strain 13 guinea pigs by repeated injection of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) with complete Freund's adjuvant. IgG and lymphocytes were isolated from exudates and used for passive sensitization. Middle ear challenge following passive transfer of IgG specific to KLH produced effusion and inflammation which was equivalent to that observed in actively immunized animals, but resulted in significantly greater numbers of leukocytes infiltrating the middle ear. Unlike in the active response, few of the cells infiltrating the middle ear mucosa and middle ear cavity were eosinophils. Middle ear challenge with KLH following passive transfer with sensitized lymphocytes produced no middle ear effusion, relatively little mucosal inflammation, and sharply reduced exocytosis of leukocytes into the middle ear when compared with the active immune response or even with unimmunized controls. It is concluded that middle ear effusion, inflammation, and leukocytic exocytosis are mediated primarily by the IgG fraction of humoral immunity in our model of immune OME. PMID- 6681930 TI - Vulnerability of patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to ventricular arrhythmia induction in the operating room. Analysis of 17 patients. AB - To evaluate vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmia induction, programmed electrical stimulation was performed in the operating room in 17 consecutive patients undergoing myotomy-myectomy for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC). A control group of 5 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with normal left ventricular function and no previous myocardial infarction also was tested. Of the 17 patients with HC, 14 had inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF), 1 had inducible unsustained VT and the remaining 2 had less than 6 ventricular beats. In contrast, none of the 5 control patients had an inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmia, 1 had inducible unsustained VT, and the remaining 4 had less than 3 ventricular beats. The difference between the 2 groups with respect to induction of a sustained ventricular arrhythmia, unsustained VT or less than 6 ventricular beats was significant (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that patients with severe obstructive HC are unusually vulnerable to ventricular arrhythmia induction. This suggests that spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias may be an important cause of sudden death in patients with HC. PMID- 6681931 TI - Survival in men with severe chronic left ventricular failure due to either coronary heart disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6681933 TI - Phase II study of cisplatin for metastatic prostatic carcinoma. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. AB - In a phase ii trial 18 previously treated patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma with measurable or evaluable disease were treated with cisplatin 50 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Treatment was well tolerated in this elderly group of patients except for GI toxicity seen in 75% of the patients. There were no objective responses. Changes in serum acid phosphatase were often transient and not accompanied by clinical improvement. Cisplatin does not appear to be an effective agent in metastatic prostatic carcinoma in the dose schedule employed. PMID- 6681932 TI - Copper, iron, and zinc contents of human milk at early stages of lactation. AB - The Cu, Fe, and Zn contents of early milk from 102 American mothers were examined in relation to stage of lactation, intake of prenatal mineral supplements, maternal age, parity, and previous history of lactation. A total of 412 samples was collected at three stages of lactation: early transitional (4 to 7 days postpartum); transitional (10 to 14 days postpartum); and mature (30 to 45 days postpartum). For the transitional and mature stages, representative samples of late evening (PM) and early morning (AM) feedings were collected. Diurnal variation in concentration was observed only for Fe. Concentrations of all elements decreased significantly at successive stages of lactation with Zn showing the greatest decline. Cu, Fe, and Zn contents (means +/- SEM) were 104.1 +/- 5.4, 96.5 +/- 6.5, and 520 +/- 20 micrograms/100 g in early transitional milk; 93.9 +/- 3.6, 85.4 +/- 4.5, and 410 +/- 10 micrograms/100 g in transitional milk, and 84.7 +/- 3.8, 76.1 +/- 3.8, and 290 +/- 10 micrograms/100 g in mature milk, respectively. No significant relationship was found between levels of Cu and Zn in milk and whether mothers had taken dietary supplements containing these elements. In addition, no significant correlations were found between maternal age, parity, or previous history of lactation and the elemental content of milk. Based on these data, it was estimated that fully breast-fed infants would receive approximately 0.11, 0.10, and 0.50 mg/kg per day of Cu, Fe, and Zn, respectively, during the neonatal period. PMID- 6681934 TI - Adriamycin versus adriamycin plus cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) in advanced transitional cell bladder carcinoma. A Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - Patients with advanced transitional cell bladder carcinoma were randomized to receive either adriamycin alone, or adriamycin plus DDP. Overall response (CR + PR) was 8/41 (19%) for adriamycin alone versus 16/37 (43%) for the combination (p = 0.02). Median response duration was 14 weeks for adriamycin versus 25 weeks for the combination (p = 0.17). Median survival was 28 weeks on adriamycin versus 31 weeks on the combination (p = 0.82). Median survival of responders was 43 weeks, and for patients with stable disease it was 29 weeks. This was significantly better than for those with increasing disease at 15 weeks (p = 0.02). Increased frequency of leukopenia and gastrointestinal toxicity were seen with the combination. Cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were not prohibitive. PMID- 6681936 TI - Anemia and thrombocytopenia in a 63-year-old man. PMID- 6681937 TI - Duplication (17p) in a child with an isodicentric (17p) chromosome. AB - We present a child with multiple structural defects due to duplication of the short arm and a small portion of the long arm of chromosome 17. Three children with similar cytogenetic abnormalities have been reported previously. The karyotype contained an isodicentric chromosome derived from chromosome 17. A clue to the mechanism that produced the isochromosome was retained in the genome in the form of a part of the chromosome 17 long arm which was attached to the short arm of a chromosome 10. PMID- 6681935 TI - Events of reproductive life and the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer. AB - Women resident in six counties of Washington and Utah for whom diagnoses of epithelial ovarian cancer were made during 1975-1979 were interviewed concerning their menstrual, reproductive and medical histories. For comparison, interviews were also obtained from a random sample of women living in the same countries. Logistic regression methods were used, and histories of childbearing, miscarriages, lactation, and (in Washington) usage of oral contraceptives were found to be associated with decreased risk of ovarian cancer; the estimated relative risks were, respectively, 0.88 per pregnancy (i.e., 0.88(2) for two pregnancies, etc.) (p = 0.016), 0.82 per miscarriage (p = 0.049), 0.79 per year of lactation (p = 0.034), and 0.89 per year of oral contraception (p = 0.009). In addition, it was observed that the magnitudes of the diminished risks from these exposures substantially exceeded those which would have been expected solely on the basis of their inhibition of ovulation (X2(5) = 21.5, p = 0.0006). On the other hand, the lack of association found between the occurrence of ovarian cancer and either total dose or total time of exposure to noncontraceptive estrogens, or with a history of usage of thyroid medications, suggests that periods of reduced pituitary gonadotrophin secretion fail to reduce risk of ovarian cancer. Thus, although pregnancy, lactation and oral contraception appear to offer some protection against the development of epithelial ovarian cancer, the reasons remain obscure. PMID- 6681939 TI - Relationship of prolactin and estradiol to human chorionic gonadotropin following molar gestation. AB - Serial plasma concentrations of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), prolactin, and estradiol were examined and correlated in 22 women after evacuation of a molar pregnancy for up to 15 weeks into the postmolar phase. The mean levels of prolactin were lower, estradiol levels were higher, and beta-hCG levels were slightly lower but comparable to those reported for women in the first postpartum week. Mean concentrations of all three hormones then declined during the postmolar period; however, beta-hCG remained detectable (greater than or equal to 5 mIU/ml) in some women for up to the fifteenth week, while the nadirs in mean prolactin and mean estradiol levels occurred at 14 and 13 weeks, respectively. The plasma concentrations of beta-hCG correlated with those of prolactin (r = 0.93) and estradiol (r = 0.94), while the levels of the latter two hormones also correlated (r = 0.84). PMID- 6681938 TI - Physical characteristics and sex hormone levels in patients with osteoporotic hip fractures or endometrial cancer. AB - Comparisons were made of the physical characteristics and the sex hormone levels of 50 postmenopausal women, half of whom had sustained an osteoporotic hip fracture while the remainder had developed endometrial carcinoma. None of the patients had received estrogen replacement therapy for longer than 3 months during their lifetime. At the time of injury hip fracture patients were found to be lighter (121 +/- 5 versus 167 +/- 9 pounds) and older (73.4 +/- 1.0 versus 62.6 +/- 1.7 years) than the cancer patients at the time of diagnosis. Estrone, estradiol, percentage of free estradiol, and free estradiol levels were significantly lower in the hip fracture patients than in subjects with endometrial cancer, while sex hormone-binding globulin levels were significantly higher in the former group. Androstenedione and testosterone levels were similar. Previous studies have shown that the incidence of both lesions is influenced by body size. These data suggest that body size may exert this influence through alteration of endogenous estrogen metabolism with hip fracture patients having lower concentrations and endometrial cancer patients having higher concentrations of endogenous estrogens. PMID- 6681940 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with oral contraceptives: a case report. PMID- 6681941 TI - Chemotherapy of granulosa cell tumors. PMID- 6681943 TI - [Pathogenesis of fetal hypoxia and asphyxia neonatorum]. PMID- 6681942 TI - The organization of medical practice and primary care physician income. AB - This study investigates the effect of the organization of medical practice, e.g., solo, fee-for-service group, or health maintenance organization (HMO) settings, on primary care physicians' net incomes. Using pooled data on 2,372 primary care physicians, multivariate regression analysis is used to adjust physicians' 1979 net incomes for differences in medical specialty, workload, sex, and experience before estimating the effects of the organization of medical practice. Among HMO physicians, only those in staff model HMOs were found to have significantly lower net incomes than their fee-for-service group practice counterparts. Accordingly, there is little evidence to support the popular belief that physicians practicing in HMOs consistently earn less than their fee-for-service counterparts. (Am J Public Health 1983; 73:379-383.) PMID- 6681944 TI - [Blood glucose levels and urinary sugar excretion during infusion therapy of premature infants]. PMID- 6681945 TI - Association of increased estradiol and progesterone blood values with altered bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function and serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol (hydrocortisone) were monitored concurrently in clinically normal cows during the estrous cycle. Five parameters were used to evaluate PMN function: (i) random migration under agarose, (ii) ingestion of 125I labeled Staphylococcus aureus, (iii) nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction, (iv) iodination, and (v) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Increased serum estradiol concentrations were associated with enhanced random migration, but had no apparent effect on NBT reduction, iodination, or ingestion of S aureus by bovine PMN. Increased serum estradiol was also associated with increased serum cortisol. Increased serum progesterone values were associated with a depression of NBT reduction and iodination by PMN, but with enhanced random migration and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These results indicate that physiologic changes in steroid hormone values during the normal estrous cycle of the cow are associated with alterations in PMN function. PMID- 6681946 TI - [Phagocyte functional activity and bactericidal systems after exposure to rifampicin, lincomycin and methicillin]. AB - To show possible mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of rifampicin, lincomycin and methicillin on the functional activity of the phagocytes, their effect on the intracellular bactericidal systems and the state of the regulatory function of the macrophages in the immunogenesis were studied. Correlation between the decrease in the values of the phagocytosis completeness and the changes in the activity of the myeloperoxidase bactericidal system and the alkaline phosphatase in the neutrophilic granulocytes was shown. The decrease in the number of the antibody producers at the maximum level of the immune response to administration of sheep red cells as the test antigen due to rifampicin or lincomycin was not accompanied by impairment of the immune regulatory function of the macrophages. PMID- 6681947 TI - Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of the monobactam azthreonam (SQ 26,776) in healthy subjects. AB - Azthreonam, a monocyclic beta-lactam highly active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria in vitro, was administered to four groups of nine healthy male volunteers in the following four regimens: 500 mg intravenously (i.v.) over 2 min every 8 h, 1,000 mg i.v. over 2 min every 8 h, 500 mg intramuscularly (i.m.) every 8 h, and 1,000 mg i.m. every 8 h for 7 days. Serial samples of serum and urine were assayed by microbiological methods, and urine samples collected during the high-dose i.m. regimen were assayed by a high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedure. Mean peak serum levels were 39 and 99 micrograms/ml after the initial i.v. doses and 18 and 39 micrograms/ml after the initial i.m. doses. There was no evidence of drug accumulation. Mean serum trough levels were 1.0 and 2.5 micrograms/ml during the two i.v. regimens and 1.8 and 3.8 micrograms/ml during the two i.m. regimens. The mean difference among Cmax, area under the curve from 0 to 8 h, and urinary recovery at 0 to 8 h on days 1 and 8 was less than 13% for each regimen. From the i.v. study, the mean steady-state volume of distribution was 0.21 liter/kg, the terminal half-life was 1.6 h, serum clearance was 1.7 ml min-1 kg-1, urinary recovery was 60%, and serum protein binding was 56%. An average of about 6% of a 1,000-mg i.m. dose was excreted in the 8-h urine collection on day 8 as the open beta-lactam ring hydrolysis product of azthreonam. The concentrations of azthreonam in serum were within the range required to inhibit growth of susceptible organisms in vitro. PMID- 6681949 TI - The glucose transport system of muscle plasma membranes: characterization by means of [3H]cytochalasin B binding. AB - A membrane-rich preparation was isolated from adult rat skeletal muscle in low salt media and further fractionated in sucrose gradients. Fraction F2, with a relative density of 1.092-1.119, consisted of sealed membrane vesicles which were enriched in plasma membrane markers. These vesicles were capable of stereospecific D-glucose uptake which was sensitive to cytochalasin B (CB). The membranes were also enriched in high affinity [3H]CB binding activity (Kd of 0.28 microM). [3H]CB binding to the glucose carrier of these plasma membranes, estimated as the fraction of binding protectable by D-glucose, ranged between 2.5 and 7.4 pmol/mg protein in several membrane preparations. The amount of [3H]CB binding to muscle membranes from newborn and adult rats was not markedly different. Trypsin, at low concentrations, altered the molecular weight of several membrane components, without affecting [3H]CB binding. Higher concentrations of trypsin abolished [3H]CB binding. Both 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (0.1 mM) and N-ethylmaleimide (15 mM) inhibited [3H]CB binding; inhibition by these reagents was prevented by inclusion of micromolar concentrations of CB in the reaction mixture. Several procedures that extracted specific proteins enriched the D-glucose-sensitive [3H]CB binding to the protein-depleted membranes. Antibody raised against the glucose carrier of human red cell membranes cross-reacted with a polypeptide of Mr about 45K of muscle membranes which might represent the glucose carrier. PMID- 6681948 TI - Reconstitution of the D-glucose transporter of bovine thymocyte plasma membrane: partial purification of transport activity by chromatography on agarose lentil lectin and agarose ethanethiol. AB - The D-glucose transporter of bovine-thymocyte plasma membrane was partially purified using several procedures in sequence. Dimethylmaleic anhydride extraction removed extrinsic membrane proteins (approximately 50% of the total membrane protein) after which sodium cholate solubilized 40% of the residual protein. Reconstitution of solubilized proteins into phospholipid liposomes indicated a 2.5-fold increase in sugar transport specific activity relative to membrane solubilized without dimethylmaleic anhydride extraction. Detergent removal by gel filtration on G-50 Sephadex resulted in reaggregation of intrinsic membrane proteins. Ultracentrifugation of the reaggregated proteins generated a particulate fraction (pellet 1) which contained about 50% of the total D-glucose transport activity of the preparation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pellet 1 demonstrated removal of a major band at 68,000 daltons and two minor bands not removed by dimethylmaleic anhydride. The 68,000 dalton protein was not removed by any other method tested. Chromatography of resolubilized pellet 1 on a tandem-bed column of agarose ethanethiol and agarose lentil lectin resulted in a 6-fold increase in transport specific activity of nonabsorbed proteins relative to pellet 1. Approximately 15% of the protein (80 90% of the transport activity) applied to the tandem-bed column was recovered in the nonabsorbed fraction. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis of proteins in the nonabsorbed fraction showed apparent enrichment of a diffuse zone at 52,000-45,000 daltons. The overall increase in specific activity of the partially purified preparation was about 12-fold relative to unpurified solubilized proteins. PMID- 6681950 TI - Effects of cadmium on yolk utilization, growth, and survival of Atlantic salmon alevins and newly feeding fry. PMID- 6681951 TI - The transmitral approach to left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. AB - Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is a particularly vexing problem in patients with complete transposition (atrioventricular concordance and ventriculoarterial discordance) and intact ventricular septum. Previous techniques, such as resecting the obstructive lesion through the pulmonary valve or bypassing the obstruction, have not given entirely satisfactory results. An alternative approach of resection through the left atrium and the retracted mitral valve has recently been proposed. We have used this new technique to achieve excellent relief of this condition in three patients with different types of obstruction. PMID- 6681952 TI - The numbers of bush ticks, Haemaphysalis longicornis, parasitic on grazing cattle before and after the acquisition of host resistance. AB - The numbers of bush ticks, Haemaphysalis longicornis, on Bos taurus steers in south east Queensland was recorded regularly from July 1971 until January 1974. The steers had no prior exposure to the tick. The parasitic tick population was large during the first year, but declined to low levels in the second and third years, apparently as a result of the steers acquiring resistance to tick feeding. PMID- 6681953 TI - Treatment of benzimidazole-resistant cyathostomes in horses--evaluation of a paste of febantel plus a piperazine. PMID- 6681954 TI - The effects of attentional focus and partner arousal on sexual responding in functional and dysfunctional men. PMID- 6681955 TI - Multiple forms of the proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) bound to rat prostatic binding protein. AB - The proline-rich polypeptide, that is bound to rat prostatic binding protein displays a marked heterogeneity on isoelectric focusing, with major bands at pH 7.6 and pH 6.9. The same complex pattern is obtained for PRP prepared from prostates of individual rats from several strains. Using carboxymethylcellulose chromatography 6 different forms of PRP can be separated. Five of them have the same size (MW : 4000) and respectively glycine and lysine as N- and C-terminal amino acid. Their amino acid composition suggests that these forms differ by internal substitution respectively of aspartic acid and glycine and of proline and histidine. The sixth form (MW : 3500) lacks several amino acids at its N terminal. PMID- 6681957 TI - Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide by isolated perfused rat testis. PMID- 6681956 TI - Sickle cell hemoglobin fiber formation strongly inhibited by the Stanleyville II mutation (alpha 78 Asn leads to Lys). AB - A double mutant hemoglobin possessing both the Hb S (beta 6 Glu leads to Val) and the Hb Stanleyville II (alpha 78 Asn leads to Lys) mutations has been purified from the blood of a donor heterozygous for both of the mutations. The purification required two chromatography steps, with the second permitting resolution of the double mutant from Hb A2 remaining after the first step. Measurement of the competence for fiber formation by the double mutant hemoglobin was carried out by the centrifugation of gels to obtain Csat. The double mutant was found to have a greatly elevated Csat, 26.4 gm/dl, compared to 15.2 gm/dl for the Hb S control. The concentration of the pellet of the centrifuged gel for the double mutant was in the range 48-50 gm/dl, suggesting that no major rearrangement in the structure of the fibers had been induced by the Stanleyville II mutation. Electron microscopic observations on the fibers of the double mutant confirmed that a normal appearance was maintained. PMID- 6681958 TI - Cisplatin metabolites: a method for their separation and for measurement of their renal clearance in vivo. PMID- 6681959 TI - The inhibition of hepatic S-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase by 3,3,5 trimethylcyclohexanol and its mandelic acid ester, cyclandelate. AB - Rat hepatic HMGCoA reductase was found to be at least 50% inhibited 17 hr after administration of a single oral dose of 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanyl mandelate (cyclandelate), a vasoactive substance. This inhibition was also found in rats given the 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol component but only slight inhibition was seen after an equimolar dose of mandelate. The inhibition of HMGCoA was observed both around the high point and near the low point of the diurnal activity cycle. The effect did not persist to 41 hr after treatment. There was no direct inhibition of HMGCoA reductase by trimethylcyclohexanol when added to the assay system in vitro. The in vivo effect of these inhibitors was specific for HMGCoA reductase. There was no change, neither elevation nor depression, of the amount of microsomal membrane components cytochromes b5 and P-450, not was the activity of another microsomal enzyme, arylesterase, affected by dosing with cyclandelate or trimethylcyclohexanol. PMID- 6681960 TI - [5-Aminoacetamido-4,6-dimethyl-2-hydroxy-isophthalic acid diethyl ester: synthesis and investigation of antiarrhythmic properties. 92. Studies of pyran derivatives]. PMID- 6681961 TI - Nimodipine: synthesis and metabolic pathway. AB - Key step of the synthesis of the calcium antagonistic cerebral vasodilator (+/-) isopropyl-2-methoxyethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5 pyridinedicarboxylate (Bay e 9736, nimodipine) (5) is the cyclizing Michael addition of 3 onto 4. A pharmacokinetic study with 14C-nimodipine in the rat revealed as major metabolites the dihydropyridines 6 and 8 as well as the pyridines 7, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14. A potential metabolic pathway is discussed involving ether cleavage and oxidation to the pyridine form as primary biotransformation steps. Reference metabolites were synthesized using 1,4 dihydropyridines with appropriate functionalities as precursors. PMID- 6681962 TI - Interaction of antacids with antiarrhythmics. V. Effect of aluminium hydroxide and magnesium oxide on the bioavailability of quinidine, procainamide and propranolol in dogs. AB - The influence of aluminium hydroxide and magnesium oxide on the oral bioavailability of quinidine, procainamide and propranolol in the dog was investigated. The administration of aluminium hydroxide with a quinidine sulfate capsule causes a significant decrease of maximal plasma concentration (Cpmax) and a shift in tmax (time to reach Cpmax). The area under the curve is not significantly decreased. Administration of magnesium oxide together with a quinidine sulfate capsule or a sustained-release preparation of quinidine bisulfate causes a significant decrease of both Cpmax and the area under the curve. A shift of tmax was observed for the conventional preparation only. The administration of aluminium hydroxide with procainamide hydrochloride diminishes only Cpmax in a significant way. Administration of magnesium oxide together with procainamide hydrochloride has no influence on the different parameters. Administration of aluminium hydroxide or magnesium oxide with propranolol hydrochloride has a significant negative influence on both the Cpmax and the area under the curve. PMID- 6681963 TI - Ultrastructural alterations in peripheral nerve trunks of rats subchronically treated with chlorphentermine or perhexiline. AB - The present study deals with the effects of two lipidosis-inducing drugs (chlorphentermine and perhexiline) upon the ultrastructure of large nerve trunks (sciatic and plantar nerves) of adult rats. Subchronic oral administration of high doses of either drug led to comparatively mild lipidosis-like alterations in Schwann cells and in other cell types of both nerve trunks. In addition, plantar nerves, and more rarely sciatic nerves, showed some unspecific lesions such as myelin whorls and ovoids within the outer Schwann cell cytoplasm, intra-axonal accumulations of polymorphous material, and single degenerating fibres. The pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the non-specific lesions remain to be elucidated. Chlorphentermine was, in all respects, more potent than perhexiline. In general, the drug-induced lesions developing in the fibres of large nerve trunks were less dramatic when compared a) with the severe lipidosis known to occur in neuronal perikarya, and b) with the severe alterations known to develop in preterminal or terminal axon portions of rats kept under similar experimental conditions. PMID- 6681964 TI - Relationship between morphine and isoprenaline-induced lipolysis. Quantitative aspects. AB - In order to estimate the relationship of the adipokinetic effect of morphine (MO) to adrenergic-mediated lipolysis the interaction between MO and isoprenaline (ISO) was studied in epididymal adipose tissue of rats and perirenal adipose tissue of rabbits. Two preparations of adipose tissue (AT)-trimmed tissue and fat cells (FC)-were used. Increment of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) release into the medium during 90 min of incubation was the measure of lipolysis. In rats, especially in FC, MO stimulated NEFA release up to 900% of basic values and also in rabbits the lipid-mobilizing action of MO was found as high as 320% of the non stimulated level. The net increase due to MO expressed as % of maximum lipolysis induced by ISO was fluctuating between 30-50% except rat FC, where MO reached almost the level of ISO maximum effect. The calculated pD2 values of MO were in FC of both species 5.8, in trimmed AT 5.1 (rats) and 5.3 (rabbits). Different concentrations of MO (1-100 mumol/l) did not significantly alter the concentration-response adipokinetic curve of ISO. Naloxone in concentrations of 1 and 10 mumol/l did not exert any antagonistic action in MO-induced lipolysis. The MO effect is most probably not mediated via adrenergic receptors; the possibility of opiate receptor involvement has not been excluded. Pronounced species differences between rats and rabbits in sensitivity to the lipolytic morphine effect were observed. PMID- 6681965 TI - [Saluretic and diuretic effects of xipamide-triamterene combinations in varying dose ratios in rats]. AB - The saluretic and diuretic properties of 4-chloro-5-sulfamoyl-2',6' salicyloxylidide (xipamide) and 2,4,7-triamino-6-phenyl-pteridine (triamterene) were determined in rats following sole and combined application in various dosages and dose ratios. Xipamide dosages ranged from 0.01-30 mg/kg body weight. Xipamide, when given alone, revealed a significant dose-dependent increase in sodium excretion and urine volume compared to control animals even in the smallest dose to be tested (0.01 mg/kg). Triamterene as sole agent led to an increased sodium and water excretion when given in a natriuretic threshold dose of approximately 1.0 mg/kg. Potassium excretion was slightly enhanced following xipamide application and decreased significantly with triamterene treatment. The combined application of xipamide and triamterene in dose ratios of 1:1-1:4 (xipamide/triamterene) resulted in an increased sodium excretion which was almost additive following high triamterene dosages. Potassium elimination decreased significantly when threshold triamterene dosages were added. High triamterene dosages in all dose ratios of the combined application resulted in potassium levels which only could be registered following sole triamterene application. PMID- 6681966 TI - [Collagen metabolism of fetal bone cultured in vitro]. AB - Cultures of murine fetal bone explants were used as experimental model for the investigation of drug effects on mesenchymal metabolic processes, particularly the collagen metabolism. As parameters for growth or metabolic processes, resp., the increase in size, the DNA-, uronic acid- and hydroxyproline content of the explants were determined under various modifications of the culture conditions. Addition of ascorbic acid to the culture medium caused in concentrations from 2.5 micrograms/ml an increase of the hydroxyproline content and of the size and in concentrations from 20 or 40 micrograms/ml, resp., also an increase of the DNA- and uronic acid content of the explants. Proline exerted in concentrations up to 100 micrograms/ml no significant influences on the determined parameters and showed in concentrations from 150 micrograms/ml inhibitory effects. Substitution of the horse serum of the culture medium by chick embryonic extract resulted in a decrease of growth and metabolic activity of the explants. Under the influence of an oxygen content of 10% in the gas phase of the culture system all determined parameters with exception of the DNA-content were significantly increased as compared with 20% oxygen content, whereas concentrations of 30% oxygen or more led to reduction of growth and uronic acid content of the explants. PMID- 6681967 TI - Effects of oxametacin on coumarin anticoagulation and on platelet function in humans. AB - In 12 chronically anticoagulated patients the administration of 1-p-chlorobenzoyl 5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indoacetohydroxamic acid (oxametacin, Flogar), three times 100 mg a day, decreased the thrombotest percentage from a mean of 11.2% to a mean of 8.3% after one week and of 7.8% after two weeks of treatment. A potentiating effect of oxametacin was also found when the prothrombin time or the activated partial thromboplastin time were used as parameters. In one third of our patients an adaptation of the coumarin dose or even an interruption in the warfarin administration was necessary. Although no severe bleedings occurred, care should be taken in prescribing oxametacin to anticoagulated patients. In a second part of this study we compared the ex vivo effects of a single oral dose of 1 g of acetylsalicylic acid, 50 mg of indometacin and 100 mg of oxametacin in human volunteers. Platelet aggregation and 5HT--14C release induced by collagen. Thrombofax, ADP, adrenaline (epinephrine), bovine plasma and ristocetin were measured before, 1 and 24 h after drug administration. A clear-cut inhibitory effect as induced by acetylsalicylic acid was not found for oxametacin. PMID- 6681968 TI - Comparative gastric irritation by two buffered acetylsalicylic acid formulations and acetylsalicylic acid. A gastric potential difference analysis. AB - In a single dose clinical investigation two buffered acetylsalicylic acid formulations (Ascriptin and Ascriptin A/D) were shown to be significantly less irritating to the human gastric mucosa than acetylsalicylic acid, and no more irritating than a pharmacologically inert placebo. The measurements were taken using a minimally invasive method for recording transmural gastric potential difference changes versus time. PMID- 6681970 TI - Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of a slow-release formulation of furosemide in man. AB - A slow-release formulation of 40 mg furosemide as capsules (Eutensin) was investigated for its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in comparison with conventional tablets containing 40 mg furosemide (Lasix) in a single-blind clinical pharmacological trial in 6 healthy subjects. The following results were obtained: 1. The AUC0-24 after the administration of slow-release (SR) furosemide was about 42% of that after furosemide tablets. 2. Urine volume and urinary excretion of Na and Cl were significantly greater after furosemide tablets than after SR furosemide during the first 10 h after administration. No significant difference was observed between the two formulations in the urinary excretion of K, creatinine and uric acid. No significant difference was noted in every tested pharmacodynamic parameter during the cumulative 24 h after administration. It was concluded that SR furosemide may be used in the treatment of hypertension due to its characteristics of a slow-release diuretic feature, delayed peak blood concentration, delayed maximum diuretic effect and prolonged duration of action. PMID- 6681969 TI - The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase by cimetidine. AB - Cimetidine inhibited cholinesterases from human blood serum, erythrocytes, brain and gastric mucosa in a dose-dependent manner. The median inhibitory concentrations ranged between 7.0 x 10(-4) mol/l and 2.1 x 10(-3) mol/l. The inhibition was of competitive type, the inhibitory constant of acetylcholinesterases in erythrocytes were found to be 8.5 x 10(-5) mol/l and of pseudocholinesterases in serum 8.5 x 10(-4) mol/l. A significance of our findings may be the explanation of side effects seen in cimetidine overdosage. PMID- 6681972 TI - Pharmacokinetics: statistical moment calculations. AB - A program for the HP-41C calculator allows the determination of the first three statistical moments, area under the curve (moment zero), mean residence time (first moment) and variance of residence time (second moment) of drug concentration-time curves which are used for noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analyses. Applications of this theory are given. PMID- 6681971 TI - [Effect of tiaprofenic acid on serum digoxin concentration]. AB - The effect of concomitant tiaprofenic acid (Surgam) administration (200 mg t.i.d.) on serum digoxin concentration (SDC) was evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers on digoxin maintenance treatment. During a 10-day coadministration period with tiaprofenic acid no significant increase in SDC was observed (0.97 +/ 0.24 vs. 1.12 +/- 0.21 ng/ml, p less than 0.05). Mean tiaprofenic acid concentration amounted to 2.85 +/- 1.94 micrograms/ml 14 h after last drug intake. The incidence of adverse reactions was minimal with gastrointestinal upset in one person. Tiaprofenic acid had no influence on red or white blood cell count. Thus, in contrast to various other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs coadministration of tiaprofenic acid (600 mg daily) has no relevant influence on serum digoxin levels. PMID- 6681973 TI - [The LD50 in comparison with acute toxicity. A critical evaluation of the present method]. PMID- 6681974 TI - A new polyene with antimycotic activity produced by a streptomycete from the rhizosphere of an indoor plant. AB - From the rhizosphere of a potted Sanseviera trifasciata, a Streptomyces griseus strain with a broad antifungal activity was isolated; in the soil of this plant, a sole hyphomycete, Aspergillus niger, was found in pure culture at 37 degrees C. This streptomycete produced a polyene, belonging to the pentaene group. It was found to inhibit, in vitro, the growth of all the 123 strains tested; the strains belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Candida, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Penicillium and Mucor. An antimycotic activity of this substance was also found to be present after i.v. administration to white mice infected with Cr. neoformans. Toxicological tests will have to show if this polyene could be considered as a candidate antimycotic drug. The soil of potted indoor plants is discussed as a possible habitat for streptomycetes with defined antifungal activities. PMID- 6681975 TI - [Micelle formation as the origin of the cut-off phenomenon in a homologous series of local anesthetics]. AB - On the example of the surface anaesthetic homologous series of 4-alkoxybenzoic diethylaminoethylester-HCl (parethoxycaine) the so-called "cut off"-effect was studied. The "cut off"-effect is the phenomenon, that a weaker efficiency or an inefficiency is observed on the higher homologues of therapeutic substances. It is demonstrated that the "cut off"-effect is referred to the micellisation and aggregation of the higher homologues of the local anaesthetics in aqueous solution. This has the consequence, that the higher homologues cannot diffuse on the pain receptors and so the efficiency is reduced. By the addition of urea the aggregation will be reduced and the chain length-efficiency curve will take a different course. PMID- 6681976 TI - Sexual motivation of the male rat during the oestrous cycle of the female rat. AB - Two experiments are described in which the sexual motivation of the male rat was investigated in relation to the reproductive state of a female rat. The male rat lived in an artificial habitat, the residential plus-maze, so that continuous registration of his movements was possible without disturbing the animal. It was found that a male rat showed a preference for a female rat in heat even though copulation was not possible. Such behaviour was also shown by the male rat towards an ovariectomized female that had been brought in heat by oestradiol benzoate with a subsequent injection of progesterone. A single injection with oestradiol benzoate given to the female rat could not induce this behaviour in the male rat. The nature of the signals that inform the male rat about the female condition has not yet been elucidated. PMID- 6681977 TI - Mechanism of systolic anterior motion of mitral valve and site of intraventricular pressure gradient in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - The mechanism of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and the localisation of the intraventricular pressure gradient were determined in 15 cases of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy by the combined use of real time two dimensional echocardiography and intracardiac manometry. We arrived at the following conclusions. The systolic anterior motion of the mitral echo in the M mode echocardiogram can be classified into two types, I and II, based on two dimensional echocardiographic findings. In type I, the echo sources of systolic anterior motion are the anteriorly shifted mitral chordae and, in part, the papillary muscles. The intraventricular pressure gradient occurs at the level of the tip of the papillary muscle. The suprapapillary part of the outflow tract and the inflow part show a low pressure, while the apical cavity shows a high pressure. In type II, the echo sources of systolic anterior motion are the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets which are oriented in such a way as to obstruct the outflow tract. The pressure gradient occurs at the level of the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets. The inflow tract and the outflow tract just below the mitral leaflets show a high pressure, in contrast to type I systolic anterior motion. The inappropriate and maloriented papillary muscles play an essential role in causing both types of systolic anterior motion and outflow obstruction. The direction of the axis of the papillary muscle is changed in late systole, moving its tip away from the interventricular septum, resulting in a simultaneous reduction in systolic anterior motion. PMID- 6681978 TI - Pressure-derived indices of left ventricular isovolumic relaxation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - High fidelity measurements of left ventricular pressure were made at increasing pacing rates in 21 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a control group of 11 patients investigated for chest pain who proved to have normal hearts. In both groups the fall in pressure during isovolumic relaxation from the point of min dp/dt approximated closely to a monoexponential, and could be described by a time constant and asymptote. The time constant shortened and the asymptote increased as heart rate rose in both groups. The time constant was longer and min dp/dt less in the cardiomyopathy group than controls at all heart rates. In the cardiomyopathy patients min dp/dt, but not the time constant, was related to systolic pressure. During pacing, eight cardiomyopathy patients developed metabolic evidence of myocardial ischaemia, but indices of relaxation did not differ between these eight and the other 13 either at basal heart rate or the highest pacing rate. In 10 cardiomyopathy patients measurements were repeated at comparable pacing rates after propranolol (0.2 mg/kg). Left ventricular end diastolic pressure and indices of contractility decreased after the drug, but the time constant did not change. Eight patients received verapamil (20 mg) after which there were substantial reductions in systolic pressure and contractility. Min dp/dt decreased in proportion to systolic pressure, but the time constant was unchanged. At the highest pacing rate before drug administration three patients had abnormal lactate extraction which was corrected by either propranolol (one patient) or verapamil (two patients). Despite abolition of metabolic evidence of ischaemia, relaxation did not improve. It is concluded that abnormal isovolumic relaxation is common in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but its severity correlates poorly with other features of the disease. Abnormal relaxation is not the result of ischaemia, and pressure derived indices of relaxation do not improve after the administration of propranolol or verapamil. PMID- 6681980 TI - Serum levels of retinol binding protein in patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris. PMID- 6681979 TI - Asymmetric septal hypertrophy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6681981 TI - Platelet antibody levels do not correlate with response to therapy in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Platelet bound antibody was measured at presentation in 67 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura by means of a quantitative antiglobulin consumption technique. The amounts of antibody present on the platelets of patients who failed steroid therapy were similar to those present on the platelets of patients who achieved a remission of their illness. It was also not possible on the basis of these data to identify those patients whose illness would remit after splenectomy. It is concluded that the pretreatment platelet antibody level does not assist in predicting the responses to treatment. PMID- 6681982 TI - Asymmetric or symmetric? Cytosolic modulation of human erythrocyte hexose transfer. AB - (1) The Michaelis-Menten parameters for hexose transfer in erythrocytes, erythrocyte ghosts and inside-out vesicles at 20 degrees C were determined using the light scattering method of Sen and Widdas ((1962) J. Physiol. 160, 392-403). (2) The external Km for infinite-cis exit of D-glucose in cells and ghosts is 3.6 +/- 0.5 mM. (3) Dilution of cellular solute (up to X 90 dilution) by lysing and resealing cells in varying volumes of lysate is without effect on the Vm for net D-glucose exit. The Km for net exit, however, falls from 32.4 +/- 3.7 mM in intact cells to 12.9 +/- 2.3 mM in ghosts. This effect is reversible. (4) Infinite-cis net D-glucose uptake measurements in cells and ghosts reveal the presence of a low Km, high affinity internal site of 5.9 +/- 0.8 mM. The Vm for net glucose entry increases from 23.2 +/- 3.7 mmol/1 per min in intact cells to 55.4 +/- 6.3 mmol/l per min in ghosts. (5) The external Km for infinite-cis D glucose exit in inside-out vesicles is 6.8 +/- 2.7 mM. The kinetics of zero-trans D-glucose exit from inside-out vesicles are changed markedly when cellular solute (obtained by lysis of intact cells) is applied to either surface of inside-out vesicles. When solute is present externally, the Km and Vmax for zero-trans exit are decreased by up to 10-fold. When solute is present at the interior of inside out vesicles, Vmax for zero-trans exit is reduced; Km for exit is unaffected. In the nominal absence of cell solute, transfer is symmetric in inside-out vesicles. The orientation of transporter in the bilayer is unaffected by the vesiculation procedure. (6) External application of cellular solute to ghosts reduces Vmax for D-glucose exit but is without effect on the external Km for infinite-cis exit. (7) The inhibitory potency of cell lysate on hexose transfer is lost following dialysis indicating that the factors responsible for transfer modulation are low molecular weight species. (8) We consider the hexose transfer in human erythrocytes is intrinsically symmetric and that asymmetry of transfer is conferred by interaction of the system with low molecular weight cytosolic factors. PMID- 6681984 TI - A simple liposomal system to reconstitute and assay highly efficient Na+/D glucose cotransport from kidney brush-border membranes. AB - A simple procedure to reconstitute highly efficient Na+/D-glucose cotransport from solubilized brush-border membranes of proximal kidney tubules is described. Reconstitution of transport activity was possible with various phospholipid and cholesterol combinations; the presence, however, of cholesterol and at least one phospholipid was essential. When liposomes were synthesized from only one phospholipid and cholesterol, the highest uptake rats were observed with phosphatidylserine; phosphatidylcholine was less effective and phosphatidylethanolamine showed insignificant uptake of D-glucose in the presence of Na+. The rate at which an inward-directed Na+ gradient dissipated across the liposomal membranes was reduced if the cholesterol concentration of liposomes was increased. In the optimized system, proteoliposomes were formed from cholesterol and phosphatidylserine by a heat-sonication-freeze-thaw procedure. A Na+-gradient persisted for hours across these proteoliposomal membranes and a Na+/D-glucose cotransport with the following characteristics could be demonstrated: (1) dependency on the Na+ gradient; (2) a transient (3) rheogenicity; (4) stereospecificity; and (5) high-affinity phlorizin inhibition. Since the Na+ gradient-stimulated D-glucose uptake is linear for minutes, the initial uptake rates can be measured and the Na+/D-glucose cotransport activity of different protein fractions can be compared. PMID- 6681983 TI - Alkaline phosphatase. A dominant enzyme of microvillus structure of cephalopod photoreceptors. AB - The rhabdomeres of cephalopod photoreceptors, which are built up mainly of rhodopsin and phospholipid molecules, show a very high alkaline phosphatase activity. The enzyme has been partially characterized in purified rhodopsin vesicle fractions of the rhabdomeres by the following kinetic data: pH optimum 8.7; activation energy 9100 cal . m-1; Vmax = 2.5 mumol . min-1 . mg-1; Km = 1.5 x 10(-4) M; its activity depends on Mg2+. There is good evidence that the alkaline phosphatase is a membrane-bound enzyme with receptor sites presumably located on the inside of the membrane. This enzyme has not been purified but its high activity compared to that of other known alkaline phosphatases (see Table I) indicates that each mirovillus, the structural unit of the rhabdomere, contains 1 20 enzyme molecules. This finding supports the hypothesis that the alkaline phosphatase is involved in the biochemical amplification process of excitation, or adaptation. PMID- 6681985 TI - D-Glucose-sensitive and -insensitive cytochalasin B binding proteins from microvillous plasma membranes of human placenta. Identification of the D-glucose transporter. AB - Cytochalasin B was found to bind to at least two distinct sites in human placental microvillous plasma membrane vesicles, one of which is likely to be intimately associated with the glucose transporter. These sites were distinguished by the specificity of agents able to displace bound cytochalasin B. [3H]Cytochalasin B was displaceable at one site by D-glucose but not by dihydrocytochalasin B; it was displaceable from the other by dihydrocytochalasin B but not by D-glucose. Some binding which could not be displaced by D-glucose + cytochalasin B binding site. Cytochalasin B can be photoincorporated into specific binding proteins by ultraviolet irradiation. D-Glucose specifically prevented such photoaffinity labeling of a microvillous protein component(s) of Mr = 60,000 +/- 2000 as determined by urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis. This D-glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B binding site of the placenta is likely to be either the glucose transporter or be intimately associated with it. The molecular weight of the placental glucose transporter agrees well with the most widely accepted molecular weight for the human erythrocyte glucose transporter. Dihydrocytochalasin B prevented the photoincorporation of [3H]cytochalasin B into a polypeptide(s) of Mr = 53,000 +/- 2000. This component is probably not associated with placental glucose transport. This report presents the first identification of a sodium-independent glucose transporter from a normal human tissue other than the erythrocyte. It also presents the first molecular weight identification of a human glucose-insensitive high-affinity cytochalasin B binding protein. PMID- 6681986 TI - Flexural rigidity of singlet microtubules estimated from statistical analysis of their contour lengths and end-to-end distances. AB - Microtubules in solutions, observed under a dark-field microscope, show incessant Brownian movement such as translational, rotational and flexing motion. A large number of microtubules, spontaneously stuck to the under surface of a coverslip, were photographed and the contour lengths and end-to-end distances of their images were measured. From the statistical analysis of the contour lengths and end-to-end distances, a value for the parameter lambda representing the flexibility of singlet microtubules was estimated to be lambda = (6.8 +/- 0.8) . 10(-3) micrometers-1. From the value of lambda, the elastic modulus for bending, epsilon, and Young's modulus, Y, of singlet microtubules were computed to be epsilon = approximately 10(-16) and Y = approximately 10(9) dyne . cm-2, respectively. The microscopic elastic constant, k, of bonding between two tubulin monomers neighboring along the singlet microtubule was computed to be k = congruent to 10(2) dyne . cm-1. A singlet microtubule is an order of magnitude as strong against bending and as weak against stretching as an F-actin filament. PMID- 6681987 TI - NAD turnover during early development of Xenopus laevis. AB - The NAD pools of Xenopus laevis oocytes and early embryos can be radioactively labelled by microinjection of [adenine-3H]NAD. This technique is used to study the metabolism of NAD in oocytes and during early development. The rate at which NAD is degraded in vivo has been monitored by determining the rate of transfer of adenine residues from the NAD pool into other nucleotides and polynucleotides. In oocytes, NAD turnover is extremely slow, with a half-life of about 400 h. NAD turnover increases dramatically after fertilisation, and the half-life of the compound decreases to 37 h in 5-h-old embryos and to 10 h in 40-h-old embryos. 2 mM 3-aminobenzamide, a specific inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, reduces the NAD turnover rate by about 20%, whereas 5 mM isonicotinic acid hydrazide, a specific inhibitor of NAD glycohydrolase, produces no significant inhibition. This indicates that a significant fraction of the considerable NAD turnover observed involves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Our results indicate that poly(ADP ribose) polymerase is active during early development and suggest that this activity may be involved in one or more aspects of the nuclear metabolism of the embryo. PMID- 6681988 TI - Application of antimony microelectrodes to intracellular pH monitoring. AB - Some novel studies of the properties of the antimony microelectrode used for intracellular pH measurements are described. First, it is shown that currents in the picoampere range, such as those encountered as leakage in some electrometers, induce important changes in pH sensitivity. The response time of the electrode has also been measured and indicates that the electrode exhibits a rapid time course which would be very useful for dynamic cytoplasmic pH investigations. An example of internal pH recording during cellular acidification in Xenopus laevis oocyte is also presented. PMID- 6681989 TI - [X-ray study of pH-dependence of thick filament structure in stripped fiber bundles of vertebrate skeletal muscles]. AB - Molecular origin of pH-dependence of rigor tension in chemically skinned fibre bundles of rabbit psoas muscle was studied with the help of X-ray diffraction technique. It was found that a shift of pH from the neutral value of about 7.0 either to basic or to acidic regions by one unit is accompanied by changes of relative intensities in a number of meridional reflections. These effects are explained as the result of pH-induced detachment of subfragments-2 of myosin molecules from the thick filament surface. The data obtained indicate that force generation in muscle may be caused by the structural changes of subfragments-2 of myosin molecules. PMID- 6681990 TI - Linear increments in behavioral perseveration induced by repeated apomorphine administration. PMID- 6681991 TI - Latitude of origin influences photoperiodic control of reproduction of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). AB - Three subspecies of Peromyscus maniculatus originating from different latitudes were maintained from birth in light dark cycles that provided between 10 and 18 h of light per day. At 50 days of age, Chihuahua, Mexico mice (latitude of origin 27 degrees N) and South Dakota, U.S.A. mice (44 degrees N) kept in the 10L:14D photoperiod had reduced gonadal and seminal vesicle weights and a lower spermatogenic index than corresponding mice kept in a 14L:10D photoperiod. Some Chihuahua and South Dakota mice, apparently constituting nonphotoperiodic subpopulations, developed their gonads while kept in the short-day photoperiod. The critical day length for stimulation of sexual maturation was greater for mice from Manitoba, Canada (55 degrees N) than for mice from the lower latitudes. At 70 days of age, testes and seminal vesicle weights, and the spermatogenic index of Manitoba mice in the 14L:10D photoperiod, were lower than those of animals maintained in 16L:8D and 18L:6D photoperiods. Responsiveness to short day lengths was greater among adult South Dakota than adult Chihuahau mice and melatonin treatment significantly reduced testes weights of South Dakota but not of Chihuahua adult mice. Photoperiodic regulation of the reproductive system varies with latitude of origin. Differences in the critical day length necessary for stimulating development of functional reproductive activity and variations in the percent of photoperiodic animals within each subspecies, appear to contribute to latitudinal gradients in reproduction. PMID- 6681993 TI - [Effect of chronic stress on the ultrastructure of the myocardium and hypothalamus of "emotional" and "nonemotional" rats]. AB - The influence of chronic stress on the ultrastructure of the myocardium and hypothalamus was studied in experiments on male rats with different levels of emotional-behavioral reactivity. "Emotional" rats manifested a pronounced increase in glycogen granules in myocytes and intercellular space, appearance of the areas of overcontraction of myofibrils, conglomerates of aggregated platelets in myocardial capillaries, and red cell egress from myocardial and hypothalamic capillaries. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the myocardium and hypothalamus in "nonemotional" rats were less marked and consisted in the appearance of the areas of overcontraction of myofibrils, enlargement of sarcoplasmic reticulum caverns, and in an increase in the lipid content in cardiomyocytes. The ultrastructural changes in the myocardium and hypothalamus of "emotional" and "nonemotional" rats indicate different reactivity of the animals and are likely to be accounted for by different levels of activation of their adrenergic systems. PMID- 6681992 TI - [Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of adrenaline- and noradrenaline containing cells in rat adrenals during physical and emotional stress]. AB - Ultrastructural organization of chromaffin cells of rat adrenal glands was studied in different stress models (48 h of running in the wheel, 48 h of immobilization, and sleep deprivation during 7 days). It was shown by ultrastructural morphometry that chromaffin cells experienced fine structural modifications (a decrease in the number of adrenaline- and noradrenaline containing granules, swelling of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum). The degree of such modifications depended on a stress situation, being more pronounced during physical stress. PMID- 6681994 TI - [Effect of prolonged and short-term stress on resistance of the heart to anoxia]. PMID- 6681995 TI - [Onset of a dissociative state--reversible amnesia as affected by phenazepam]. AB - Dissociation is produced by injections of phenazepam (a benzodiazepine tranquilizer) before daily sessions of rat learning in a T-maze. The drinking reflex is seen only after the administration of benzodiazepine. The dissociation depth is linked with the dose of phenazepam: the higher the dose the more pronounced dissociation. Besides, it depends on the time between the administration of phenazepam and the reflex registration. One may assume that learning in the presence of phenazepam gives rise to new interrelations that form the basis for a new functional system which warrants the activity with the drug in the body. PMID- 6681996 TI - [Mechanism of the development of permanent estrus in rats after transplantation of the ovaries into a low temperature medium]. AB - Autotransplantation of the ovaries to the ears of adult rats induces permanent estrus following 5-7 days. Autotransplantation of the ovaries beneath the renal capsules makes the sexual cycle return to normal after the same period. Autotransplantation of the ovaries to the ears of infantile rats brings about pubertas precox followed by normal sexual cycle. Permanent estrus ensues only after 4 months. Transplantation of the ovaries from infantile rats to adult ones and vice versa has shown that age-related differences in the alterations seen in the sexual cycle in response to gonadal transplantation to the ears are caused by age-related differences in the recipients, precisely by those in the cyclic center. PMID- 6681997 TI - [Ultrastructure of the nuclei of neurons and glial cells of the cerebral cortex during experimental alcoholic intoxication]. AB - Nuclear ultrastructure of neurons and glial cells of the rat sensomotor cortex was studied under chronic alcoholic intoxication. During 24 h the animals drank up about 10 ml of 20 degrees alcohol. In the course of prolonged alcoholic intoxication there occurred processes leading to deformation of the nuclei of neurons and glial cells and to the deficiency of nuclear and cytoplasmic substances. These changes are regarded as an atrophic process responsible for the corrugation of the nucleus and diminution of the cell size. PMID- 6681998 TI - [Role of emotional stress in disorders of carbohydrate tolerance]. AB - Two series of rabbit experiments were carried out to study the influence of emotional stress on glucose tolerance. Relatively short-term (10 days) chronic emotional stress induced by prolonged (2 h daily) intermittent stimulation of negative emotiogenic zones of the hypothalamus through implanted electrodes led to decreased glucose tolerance. Repeated powerful emotional stresses induced by the clash of food and pain irritation did not pass traceless and manifested in the same glucose tolerance disturbances after a lengthy period of time (1 year). PMID- 6681999 TI - [Muricidity of female rats during pregnancy and lactation]. AB - The rate of the appearance of spontaneous muricidity was studied in female rats at varying times of pregnancy and lactation. Rats examined in the phase of late pregnancy (23-25 days) preceding the delivery onset manifested a short critical period with a high rate of the appearance of aggressiveness and muricidity. PMID- 6682000 TI - Autonomic reactivity in the premenstrual phase. AB - The aim of the present experiment was to determine the effects of the premenstrual cycle phase on autonomic arousal. In a repeated measurement study 40 female subjects were tested premenstrually and postmenstrually for their autonomic reactivity during stress (cold pressor test, mental arithmetic) and for their acquisition of conditioned electrodermal responses, using a standardized auditory conditioning procedure. None of the differences between the cycle phases were significant. Similar results were obtained in the subjects' answers in a mood adjective list and their stimulus ratings. There was a general decrease in autonomic reactivity from the first to the second recording session, independent of the menstrual cycle periods. PMID- 6682001 TI - Lung destruction after cis-platinum radiosensitisation. PMID- 6682002 TI - The pontine reticular formation is part of the output pathway for amphetamine- and apomorphine-induced lateral head movements: evidence from experimental lesions in the rat. AB - Electrolytic lesions in the caudal part of the medial pontine reticular formation (PRF) in the rat abolished apomorphine- or amphetamine-induced stereotypic lateral head movements and turning to the damaged side. Rats with unilateral PRF lesions turned and circled only to the intact side, and rats with bilateral lesions did not turn at all. PRF lesions were also effective in abolishing or reducing amphetamine-induced circling in rats with unilateral nigrostriatal bundle damage. Thus, head movements induced by dopamine agonists are added to the class of head movements mediated by the PRF. It is proposed that the decussations of the motor pathways for drug-induced turning are located between the midbrain and caudal pons. PMID- 6682003 TI - How to become comfortable talking about sex to your patients. AB - Dealing with patients' sex-related complaints is uncomfortable for many physicians. It can become more comfortable if the physician learns to apply his or her clinical knowledge of sexuality in combination with specific interpersonal interviewing skills. The level of comfort can be increased if the physician accepts his or her professional limitations in providing therapy and knows what other sources of care are available. PMID- 6682004 TI - Case--control study of counselling against neonatal circumcision. AB - After two serious complications had alerted physicians to the potential risks of routine neonatal circumcision, the circumcision rate in a regional general hospital decreased significantly (p less than 0.001), from approximately 40% to 20%, settling at the level claimed to prevail when physicians oppose circumcision. Following this decrease 219 consecutive pregnancies resulting in male infants were prospectively studied in order to identify factors associated with insistence on circumcision. Factors significantly associated with circumcision were the existence of an older brother (p less than 0.001), especially if circumcised (p less than 0.001), and delivery of prenatal care by an obstetrician rather than a general practitioner (p less than 0.05). Factors significantly associated with no circumcision were the fact that this infant was the first male born in the family (p = 0.001), delivery of prenatal and infant care by the same general practitioner (p less than 0.05) and a maternal age of 20 years or less (p less than 0.02). The circumcision status of the father, the marital status of the mother, the mother's intention to breast-feed, attendance of a primigravida at prenatal classes, delivery of infant care by a pediatrician and socioeconomic status did not appear to influence whether circumcision was performed. These data may assist physicians in understanding the potential effectiveness and limitations of counselling against circumcision. PMID- 6682005 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate. Response to treatment with adriamycin and cis-platinum. PMID- 6682006 TI - Steroid stimulation of plasminogen activator production in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). AB - The production of plasminogen activator by the human breast cancer cell line MCF 7 was stimulated by physiological concentrations of estradiol under conditions where the growth of the cells was neither dependent on nor stimulated by estradiol. Stimulation was measurable within 8 hr after the addition of estradiol and was evident in both the level of plasminogen activator released into the culture medium and the level within the cells. The level of production varied with cell density, but production was stimulated by estradiol at all densities tested. The antiestrogen tamoxifen inhibited estrogen stimulation, and this inhibition could be overcome by increased concentrations of estradiol. Production was also stimulated by progesterone and could be stimulated by lower levels of progesterone in cells pretreated with estradiol or tamoxifen, both of which have been reported to increase the level of progesterone receptor in these cells. It has been reported that estrogen is essential and that progesterone is stimulatory for the formation of tumors by MCF-7 cells in athymic mice. The ability of these same two hormones to stimulate the production of plasminogen activator by these cells, under conditions where they have no effect on cell growth, raises the possibility that estrogen may not play a mitogenic role in the growth of these tumors. Rather, it may support tumor growth by inducing the cells to produce products, such as plasminogen activator, and possibly take on other characteristics essential to the malignant state. PMID- 6682008 TI - Cryptic and active plasminogen activators secreted by line 10 tumor cells in culture. AB - Line 10 guinea pig carcinoma cells cultured in serum-free medium for 4 hr elaborate plasminogen activator (PA) activity that remained in the supernatant after ultracentrifugation (100,000 X g, 90 min). PA activity in line 10 conditioned medium occurred in both active and cryptic forms. The vast majority of active PA adsorbed to lysine-Sepharose and could be eluted at low pH as several activities that electrophoresed in the Mr 50,000 to 80,000 range on nonreduced sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A small amount of active PA, running in the Mr 50,000 to 60,000 region, and cryptic PA did not adhere to lysine-Sepharose. Treatment of lysine-Sepharose-nonadherent fractions with catalytic amounts of plasmin or trypsin induced substantial new PA activity that adsorbed to lysine-Sepharose, bound [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate, and that electrophoresed as several bands of activity with molecular weights from 50,000 to greater than 100,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of additional interest, the amount of active PA measured in conditioned medium was substantially increased when certain protease inhibitors, tranexamic acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, or Trasylol, were included during culture. PMID- 6682007 TI - Effect of allopurinol on the pharmacokinetics of 6-mercaptopurine in rabbits. AB - The effect of allopurinol on the pharmacokinetics of 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) was studied in rabbits. 6MP alone and in combination with allopurinol was administered i.v. at two dosage levels (2.5 and 20 mg/kg). The plasma concentrations of 6MP and its major metabolite, 6-thiouric acid, were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma levels of 6MP decay biexponentially. The influence of allopurinol on the pharmacokinetic parameters of 6MP was as follows: (a) a 2-fold increase in the half-life and area under the concentration-time curve; (b) a 2-fold decrease in the total body clearance; and (c) an approximate 3-fold decrease in elimination rate constant. The influence of allopurinol on the pharmacokinetic parameters of 6-thiouric acid was negligible. The results suggest that allopurinol serves to increase the plasma level of 6MP by inhibiting its catabolism and thus contributing to a greater availability of 6MP to the tissues. PMID- 6682009 TI - Effect of partition coefficient on the ability of nitroimidazoles to enhance the cytotoxicity of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea. AB - The ability of three nitroimidazoles [SR-2508, misonidazole (MISO), and benznidazole] with differing octanol-water partition coefficients to enhance the cytotoxicity of the nitrosourea 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) was evaluated in two mouse tumors (the KHT sarcoma and the SCC VII/St carcinoma). These results were compared with the effect on two normal tissues (bone marrow CFU-S and testis spermatogonia). When given as a large single dose, benznidazole was more effective than MISO in enhancing the cytotoxicity of CCNU to both tumors. SR-2508 had no effect. The advantage of benznidazole over MISO was lost, however, because benznidazole gave more toxicity in the normal tissues than MISO. In experiments where the nitroimidazoles were administered by multiple small injections to maintain a blood plasma level between 50 and 100 micrograms/ml, benznidazole was also more effective than MISO in enhancing CCNU cytotoxicity in the tumors. In each case, enhancement was rather less than that obtained with large single injections. Again, however, benznidazole did not produce a consistently greater therapeutic gain than MISO because it also enhanced normal tissue toxicity while MISO did not. SR-2508 was ineffective in both tumors and normal tissues. We conclude that neither SR-2508 nor benznidazole are superior to MISO in combination with CCNU. PMID- 6682010 TI - Mutagens-carcinogens in foods. PMID- 6682011 TI - Bowman-Birk soybean protease inhibitor as an anticarcinogen. AB - Vegetarian populations show a decreased occurrence of breast, colon, and prostatic cancers. Epidemiological studies have identified seeds (maize, corn, and beans) as protective agents in these cancers. We have selected to study one abundant component of all seeds, protease inhibitors. Synthetic and natural protease inhibitors have been shown to inhibit tumor promotion in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we report that a typical, natural protease inhibitor, the Bowman-Birk inhibitor isolated from soybeans, survives inactivation by stomach digestion in rodents and appears to be fully active as a protease inhibitor in the small intestine, where it complexes with the proteases occurring there, i.e., trypsin and chymotrypsin. A large part of the inhibitor is excreted as protease:protease inhibitor complexed in the feces. We also report the specific inhibition of transformation caused by ionizing radiation by this protease inhibitor. The mechanism of anticarcinogenesis of ingested protease inhibitors may involve the indirect effect of partially blocking protein absorption. High-protein and high-fat diets are known to increase cancer occurrence. Protease inhibitors reaching specific sites also have anticarcinogenic activities, as demonstrated by the radioprotective effect of a protease inhibitor in vitro. The relative importance of the indirect and direct action of protease inhibitors remains to be established. PMID- 6682012 TI - Ip cisplatin in patients with malignant ascites: pharmacokinetic evaluation and comparison with the iv route. AB - Ip chemotherapy may be useful in managing patients with malignant ascites. This approach should result in a high concentration of drug at the site of disease, while the plasma concentration and therefore systemic toxicity remain low. Six patients with malignant ascites were treated with cisplatin at a dose of 60 mg/m2. Three patients received the drug iv; one of these patients and three other patients were treated with ip cisplatin. Platinum concentrations in plasma, ascites, protein-free ultrafiltrates of plasma and ascites, and urine were assayed by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The area under the concentration x time curve for ultrafilterable platinum in ascites was 30 times greater after ip administration of cisplatin than after iv cisplatin. Ip cisplatin can be administered safely to patients with malignant ascites and may be useful in patients with minimal residual intraperitoneal disease, particularly ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 6682013 TI - Pharmacokinetics of therapeutic doses of isotopically labeled platinum antitumor agents in the mouse and rat. AB - The pharmacokinetics of the antitumor agents ethylenediamine platinum dichloride and cisplatin have been investigated in mice bearing the ADJ/PC6 plasma cell tumor after therapeutic doses of these agents, labeled either with 191Pt or in the ligand with 14C. The distribution of the radioactive labels has been estimated in tumor, kidney, liver, and intestine in treated animals from 1 hour to 15 days after administration. The two labels, on ligand and on Pt, were equivalent only in some cases with respect to the total radioactivity within a tissue. Patterns of isotope distribution varied with time and tissue and suggested that the metal-ligand bond was dissociated as early as 1 hour after administration. PMID- 6682014 TI - Sarcoplasmic reticulum and intermediate filament organization in cultured neonatal cardiac muscle cells. Studies with reduced osmium ferrocyanide. AB - Cardiac muscle cells from 3-day-old rat neonates were cultured for periods of 2 to 56 days. In order to facilitate ultrastructural studies on the organization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the cells were prepared for transmission electron microscopy according to a regimen including postfixation in reduced osmium ferrocyanide. The nonjunctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (NJSR) was organized as a loose, fenestrated sleeve around the exterior of bundles of myofilaments and was particularly prominent at the level of the Z line. The only recognizable junctional elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum were in a peripheral location. Reduced osmium ferrocyanide was also useful in distinguishing intermediate (10 nm) filaments, since it understained Z substance, which often obscured these structures. Intermediate filaments were arranged both at the Z line and the intercalated disc, in parallel strands, approximately at right angles to the myofilaments. PMID- 6682015 TI - Ultrastructural effects of nerve growth factor on PC 12 pheochromocytoma cells in spinner culture. AB - PC12 pheochromocytoma cells treated with nerve growth factor (NGF) for two weeks in spinner cultures quickly begin to form processes after plating on an appropriate substrate, while cells freshly exposed to NGF in monolayer culture initiate neurite outgrowth only after a lag period of several days. The present ultrastructural studies indicate that PC 12 cells treated with NGF in spinner cultures do not form neurites, but do form short extensions comparable to those which have been reported within the first two days of exposure to NGF in monolayer cultures. These extensions contain organelles believed to be required for locomotion and for transport of cytoskeletal and membrane components and neurotransmitters. They also form bulbous distensions in which numerous chromaffin-type granules accumulate. These findings suggest that NGF may affect cells in spinner cultures by promoting development or activation of axonal transport mechanisms, and that the existence of these mechanisms may contribute to the neurite outgrowth which the cells exhibit when plated. NGF-treated PC 12 cells in spinner cultures do not accumulate the agranular synaptic-like vesicles, which are typically found in comparably treated monolayer cultures and which have been hypothesized to be sites of acetylcholine storage. These and other data demonstrate that attachment to a substrate can selectively modulate the responses of PC 12 cells to NGF. PMID- 6682016 TI - [Choriocarcinoma complicated by brain metastasis]. PMID- 6682017 TI - A comparative study of the distribution in the male rat of platinum-labelled cis dichlorodiammine platinum (II), cis-trans-dichlorodihydroxy-bis-(isopropylamine) platinum (I), and cis-dichloro-bis-cyclopropylamine platinum (II). PMID- 6682018 TI - Significance of left ventricular outflow tract cross-sectional area in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment. AB - The morphologic determinants of subaortic obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are not completely understood. To define the relation between left ventricular outflow tract orifice size and presence or absence of subaortic obstruction, we studied 65 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 16 normal controls by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography. Left ventricular outflow tract area was measured at the onset of systole in the short axis view in the stop-frame mode. Left ventricular outflow tract area was significantly smaller in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and subaortic obstruction (2.6 +/- 0.7 cm2) than in patients without obstruction (5.9 +/- 1.6 cm2, p less than 0.001). Twenty of 21 patients with obstruction had a left ventricular outflow tract area smaller than 4.0 cm2, whereas 28 of 30 patients without obstruction had a left ventricular outflow tract area of 4.0 cm2 or greater. The outflow tract area in patients with provocable obstruction (4.6 +/- 1.6 cm2) was intermediate between the areas of patients with and without obstruction. Left ventricular outflow tract area was significantly smaller in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (4.6 +/- 2.0 cm2) than in normal subjects (10.4 +/- 1.2 cm2, p less than 0.001). We conclude that the cross sectional outflow tract area is closely related to the presence or absence of subaortic obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Hence, the size of the outflow tract at the level of the mitral valve appears to be of major pathophysiologic significance in producing obstruction in these patients. PMID- 6682019 TI - Myocardial fiber diameter and regional distribution in the ventricular wall of normal adult hearts, hypertensive hearts and hearts with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Myocardial fiber diameters were measured to determine their distribution throughout the ventricular wall in normal adult hearts, hypertensive hearts and hearts with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In normal adult hearts and hypertensive hearts, the diameter decreased from the inner to the outer third of the left ventricular free wall and from the left ventricular side to the right ventricular side of the septum. In HCM, these regional differences were preserved in the left ventricular free wall, but not in the septum. The diameter was greatest in the middle third of the septum, where myocardial fiber disarray was widely distributed. The diameters of the fibers in the right ventricular side of the septum were significantly larger than those of the fibers in the left ventricular side of the septum in HCM. This finding, in contrast to that in normal adult hearts or hypertensive hearts, was considered to be related to the inward convex curvature of the left ventricular chamber. Although there was no significant difference in the diameter of myocardial fibers in the left ventricular free wall between hypertensive hearts and hearts with HCM, the diameters of those in the right ventricular free wall, in the right ventricular side of the septum and in the middle third of the septum were significantly larger in HCM than in hypertensive hearts. We conclude that there is a transmural variation of myocardial fiber diameter in the left ventricular free wall and the ventricular septum, and such transmural variation in HCM is clearly different from that in hypertensive hearts. PMID- 6682020 TI - Diurnal distribution of ST-segment elevation and related arrhythmias in patients with variant angina: a study by ambulatory ECG monitoring. AB - Twenty-four-hour ambulatory ECG recording was performed in 26 patients with variant angina to evaluate the diurnal distribution of ST-segment elevation in relation to chest pain and the incidence of arrhythmias during the episodes. During a recording period of 52 days, 364 ST-segment elevations of 1 mm or greater were observed and 79% were asymptomatic. ST-segment elevation frequently occurred between 0:00 and 9:00 hours (72%) and most frequently between 5:00 and 6:00 hours (13%). Only a few episodes occurred between 10:00 and 18:00 hours. Premature atrial contractions, premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and complete atrioventricular block occurred during 12% of the episodes and were more common during painful episodes (32%) than during painless ones (6%). However, VT and severe forms of PVCs (couplets and bigeminy) appeared eight times during painless episodes and nine times during painful ones. Arrhythmias occurred more frequently when the elevated ST segment started to return or was returning to the control level (n = 38) than when the ST segment was rising (n = 8). The incidence of arrhythmias was lower when the daily frequency of ischemic episodes was high. This study shows that episodes of asymptomatic coronary artery spasm predominantly occur early in the morning as symptomatic episodes; complex dysrhythmias appear during the asymptomatic episodes; arrhythmias occur predominantly during a "reperfusion period;" and more arrhythmias accompany infrequent daily episodes of ischemia than frequent ones. PMID- 6682021 TI - X-linked mental retardation, growth retardation, deafness and microgenitalism. A second familial report. PMID- 6682022 TI - Does a thermogenic defect play a role in the pathogenesis of human obesity? PMID- 6682023 TI - Inulin single injection clearance. Microsample technique useful in children for determination of glomerular filtration rate. AB - The agreement between single injection inulin (polyfructosan) clearance and two reference methods for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determination, namely standard inulin constant infusion clearance and 51-Cr-EDTA single injection clearance, was investigated. Studies were also made to see whether different results were obtained when capillary and venous blood samples were used in the single injection clearance method. The investigation was made in children from one year of age, adult patients and volunteers. For the single injection technique with inulin or 51-Cr-EDTA, five to seven blood samples were taken in a period of up to 180 min after injection. A bi-exponential plasma disappearance curve was used for calculations of single injection clearances. Good agreement was obtained between venous inulin single injection clearance on the one hand, and standard inulin clearance (correlation coefficient r = 0.86) and 51-Cr-EDTA single injection clearance on the other (r = 0.85). With use of capillary blood samples in inulin single injection clearance, similar good agreement was obtained both with venous 51-Cr-EDTA and with venous inulin single injection clearance (r = 0.85 and r = 0.89 respectively). From these results we conclude that inulin single injection clearance is a reliable method for GFR determinations. This method is recommended, especially in children, as capillary blood samples can be used. PMID- 6682024 TI - Vibration sense and sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in patients with occlusive arterial disease. AB - The function of sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibres was studied in 18 patients with occlusive arterial disease of the legs and somatic neuropathy, as evidenced as an increased vibration perception threshold. Nine patients suffered from long term diabetes mellitus. Sympathetic vasoconstrictor function was studied by the capability of the local sympathetic venoarteriolar reflex (Henriksen 1977) elicited by lowering the leg to induce an arteriolar constriction in subcutaneous tissue at the ankle level. Blood flow was measured by the local isotope washout technique. In only five patients with loss of vibration sense, abnormal vasoconstrictor function was found. In three of these patients, the abnormal response most likely could be ascribed to impaired function of the vascular smooth muscle cells. Neither in diabetics nor in non-diabetics could an abnormal vibration sense be taken as evidence for loss of sympathetic vasoconstrictor function. It is suggested that this is studied by a simple postural test as used in the present study. PMID- 6682025 TI - Effect of propranolol on the tone of collateral arteries in patients with occlusion of the superficial femoral artery. AB - The effect of administration of 0.5 mg propranolol into the femoral artery in eight patients with lower limb ischaemia and superficial femoral artery occlusion on collateral arterial resistance was studied in supine and tilted head-up position. Mean blood pressures were recorded directly from the femoral and popliteal artery and femoral blood flow was measured by an indicator dilution technique. After beta-receptor blockade in the supine position the collateral arterial resistance increased by 7 +/- 2%, femoral blood flow decreased 10 +/- 4%, and popliteal artery pressure increased by 4 mmHg (8 +/- 3%). During head-up tilt there was no change in femoral blood flow and collateral arterial resistance after propranolol. The peripheral vasoconstrictor effect of propranolol, therefore, seems not to be harmful to patients with vascular disease. PMID- 6682026 TI - The effects of naloxone on circulating metabolites, glycoregulatory hormones and gut peptides during pelvic surgery. AB - The role of endogenous opioid peptides in mediating the endocrine and metabolic response to pelvic surgery was investigated. Fourteen patients were studied; seven were infused with the specific opioid antagonist, naloxone, at a rate of 20 micrograms kg-1 (body weight) hr-1, while the remainder acted as a control group. Naloxone exacerbated the glycaemic response to surgery but had no statistically significant effect on changes in the glycoregulatory hormones, pancreatic glucagon, insulin, cortisol and growth hormone. However, there was a wide individual variation in the glucagon response to naloxone with marked stimulation in some patients. Naloxone infusion increased plasma pancreatic polypeptide secretion during the 1st hour of surgery and reversed the decline in plasma motilin concentrations, but had no effect on circulating somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin, enteroglucagon and neurotensin values. We conclude that endogenous opioid peptides have only a limited role in modulating the endocrine and metabolic response to surgery. PMID- 6682027 TI - The effects of chloroquine on the electrocardiogram and heart rate in anaesthetized dogs. AB - The effects of intravenous administration of chloroquine on the electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart rate were studied in anaesthetized dogs. Prolongation of the PR interval on the ECG and bradycardia occurred from a dose of 4 mg kg-1. Prolongation of the QRS interval occurred from 6 mg kg-1. Pacing the heart at a constant rate or administration of atropine had no effect on the cardiac changes observed during chloroquine administration. Administration of propranolol potentiated the effects of chloroquine on the ECG intervals and heart rate, whereas adrenaline opposed these effects. It is suggested that prolongation of the ECG intervals is not secondary to the reduction in heart rate, whilst beta adrenergic blockade renders the heart more vulnerable to the actions of chloroquine. PMID- 6682028 TI - Reversed Rivero-Carvallo's sign in right-sided hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - An 18-year-old patient had right-sided hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. His case was quite unique in that the intensity of the systolic murmur was apparently decreased during the inspiratory phase and increased during the expiratory phase (reversed Rivero-Carvallo's sign). PMID- 6682029 TI - Adverse effects of nifedipine therapy on hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - A 62-year-old man with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was given sublingual nifedipine, 10 mg, during invasive hemodynamic monitoring. After 15 minutes, his left ventricular outflow gradient increased from 22 to 80 mm Hg while arterial pressure fell from 152/70 to 122/64 mm Hg. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure increased from 15 to 22 mm Hg. These adverse hemodynamic responses may have been a result of vasodilation of the peripheral circulation induced by nifedipine. Thus, some patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy may develop serious hemodynamic compromise when treated with nifedipine. PMID- 6682030 TI - The subunit structure of human breast cancer progesterone receptors: characterization by chromatography and photoaffinity labeling. PMID- 6682031 TI - Effect of progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol on the production of uteroglobin by cultured rabbit uterine epithelial cells. PMID- 6682032 TI - In vivo metabolism of 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) bearing on its organotropism in the Syrian golden hamster and the F344 rat. AB - The in vivo metabolism of tritiated DMAB was examined in male Syrian golden hamsters, which are susceptible to both urinary bladder and intestinal carcinogenesis by this agent and in male F344 rats in which intestinal tumors represent the main lesions. Evidence was obtained for the presence of the N hydroxy-N-glucuronide of DMAB as a major metabolite in hamster urine and bile and in rat bile but not urine. The routes of excretion of this metabolite, which may represent a transport form of the ultimate carcinogen, correlate well with the main tumor sites in the two species. Other metabolites partially identified were the sulfates and glucuronides of C-hydroxylated DMAB and C-hydroxylated-N-acetyl DMAB. PMID- 6682033 TI - Asbestos-induced lung injury in the sheep model: the initial alveolitis. AB - In order to study the cellular and biochemical changes in early asbestosis, three groups of sheep were repeatedly exposed to intratracheal instillations of either saline (controls), low doses of UICC chrysotile asbestos (LD), or high doses of the fibers (HD) until an alveolitis was observed in all HD sheep during the twelfth month of exposure. All sheep were studied bimonthly by transbronchial lung biopsy (LB), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), pulmonary function tests (PFT), and chest roentgenograms (CXR). While LBs of the HD sheep demonstrated large accumulations of monocyte-macrophages in the alveolar and interstitial spaces, those of controls and LD sheep did not. In BAL, there was no difference in total and differential cell counts between groups, but the BAL lymphocyte proliferative capacity was clearly depressed in all asbestos-exposed sheep. In the BAL supernatant, total proteins (mainly albumin, beta + gamma globulins) and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly elevated in the HD group only. This alveolitis was associated with a fall in vital capacity, lung compliance, diffusing capacity, and arterial PO2. Abnormalities on CXR appeared 3 months later. Thus, the cellular and biochemical features of early asbestosis are clearly distinct from those reported in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 6682034 TI - The effects of hexavalent and trivalent chromium on fertilization and development in sea urchins. AB - The action of Cr6+ (as chromate) and Cr3+ (as sulfate and nitrate) on fertilization and development has been investigated in sea urchins. By rearing the embryos in the presence of chromate (5 X 10(-5) to 5 X 10(-4) M), the differentiation of the gut and skeleton was severely affected. The treatment of sperm before fertilization with CrO2- 4 (10 to 30 min, 10(-4) to 10(-2) M) resulted in a number of abnormal larvae, depending on the length of exposure and the CrO2- 4 concentration. Morphological and quantitative changes of mitotic activity during cleavage were observed as a result of CrO2- 4 exposure of zygotes, as well as of sperm and egg pretreatment. The exposure of embryos to Cr3+ after fertilization permitted larval differentiation, but affected the motility and hatchability of the embryos. The pretreatment of gametes with Cr3+ never induced larval malformations. Cr3+ exerted a strong depressive action on fertilization by decreasing the fertilizing capacity of sperm and leaving the fertilizability of the eggs almost unaffected. PMID- 6682035 TI - Differential determination of the 3-Deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid residues in lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella minnesota rough mutants. PMID- 6682036 TI - Isolation of a 3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid disaccharide from Salmonella minnesota rough-form lipopolysaccharides. AB - Lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella minnesota rough mutants were treated with 20 mM acetate buffer pH 4.4 at 70 degrees C/3 h. After dialysis of the hydrolysates about one third of the total 3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid (dOclA) content but no neutral sugars were found in the dialysate. By high-voltage paper electrophoresis, a compound with the mobility of 1.2 relative to dOclA could be isolated from the dialysate. It was identified as a dOclA disaccharide by hydrolysis without or after reduction with sodium borohydride and by analysis with the thiobarbituric acid assay under different conditions. The ketosidic linkage in the disaccharide is assumed to be 2.4 or 2.5. PMID- 6682037 TI - Plant seeds contain several thioredoxins of regular size. AB - Thioredoxin systems composed of several thioredoxin isoproteins and a NADPH: thioredoxin reductase are contained in the albumin-globulin fraction of wheat and soy-bean seed proteins. Two wheat thioredoxins I and II were separated on CM cellulose whereas soy-bean extracts could be resolved into three thioredoxins I, II, and III on DEAE-cellulose. These proteins were purified to apparent homogeneity and were shown by sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to possess the molecular weight Mr identical to 12000 typical of the single bacterial and animal thioredoxin. In contrast, gel filtration runs may yield erroneous estimates of thioredoxin molecular weights. The seed thioredoxins can serve as ribonucleotide reductase (Escherichia coli) substrates. They stimulate spinach NADP: malate dehydrogenase but are inactive towards chloroplast fructose-bisphosphatase. These results demonstrate that the number of thioredoxins in nongreen plant tissues approaches that of leaves; additional explanations must therefore be sought for the multiple thioredoxin profiles of plants besides diversification for light-dependent and light-independent functions. PMID- 6682038 TI - Differential response of cultured parsley cells to elicitors from two non pathogenic strains of fungi. 1. Identification of induced products as coumarin derivatives. AB - Dark-grown cell suspension cultures of parsley, Petroselinum hortense, produce furanocoumarins after treatment with elicitor preparations of either Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea (Pmg elicitor) or Alternaria carthami Chowdhury (Ac elicitor). The linear furanocoumarins, psoralen and xanthotoxin, and the benzodipyrandione, graveolone, are the major products synthesized in response to Pmg elicitor, besides small amounts of the furanocoumarin bergapten. Treatment with Ac elicitor induces predominantly the formation of bergapten and the furanocoumarin isopimpinellin, as well as small amounts of graveolone. While Pmg elicitor leads to cell death within a few days, cell mass increased for at least 6 days after treatment with Ac elicitor. Brefeldin A, a phytotoxin produced by A. carthami, inhibits growth of parsley cell suspension cultures considerably at a concentration of 0.01 mM and growth of the cells ceased at a concentration of 0.1 mM toxin. Concomitantly, furanocoumarin biosynthesis was suppressed in our system by a concentration of brefeldin A within 0.01-0.1 mM. PMID- 6682039 TI - Differential response of cultured parsley cells to elicitors from two non pathogenic strains of fungi. 2. Effects on enzyme activities. AB - Parsley cell cultures produce linear furanocoumarins and the linear benzodipyrandione, graveolone, in response to treatment with an elicitor from either Phytophthora megasperma or Alternaria carthami. Activities of enzymes involved in general phenylpropanoid metabolism, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and 4 coumarate: CoA ligase, as well as of an enzyme involved specifically in furanocoumarin biosynthesis, dimethylallyl diphosphate: umbelliferone dimethylallyltransferase, were monitored over several days after treatment with A. carthami elicitor. In addition, the activities of chalcone synthase, an enzyme involved in flavonoid formation, and of glucose-6-phosphate: NADP 1 oxidoreductase were also monitored. The lyase and the ligase activities increased steadily for 48 h and the dimethylallyltransferase activity for 54 h, while the synthase activity was not altered and the oxidoreductase activity decreased gradually. In some experiments, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity reached a maximum value of 250 mukat/kg, twice the maximal activity observed previously in parsley cells after treatment with either ultraviolet light or an elicitor preparation from P. megasperma. In crude extracts, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was shown to be inhibited by unidentified small-molecular-weight compounds which were formed in proportion to the elicitor treatment. While phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and dimethylallyl diphosphate: umbelliferone dimethylallyltransferase are known to be required for furanocoumarin biosynthesis, the involvement of 4-coumarate: CoA ligase is as yet unclear. The concomitant increase and decrease of the ligase activity with the activities of the lyase and the dimethylallyltransferase, as well as its similar response to elicitor concentrations, suggest that CoA esters of cinnamic acids play a role in the biosynthesis of furanocoumarins. PMID- 6682040 TI - Phagosome fusion vesicles of paramecium. I. Thin-section morphology. AB - Ultrastructural studies of the digestive system of Paramecium caudatum focusing on the first 5 min of digestive-vacuole age reveal a set of vesicles, named phagosome fusion vesicles (PFVs), which fuse with the digestive vacuole just after the vacuoles are released from the cytopharynx and concomitant with vacuole acidification. Serial thin-sections of vacuoles labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and/or latex beads in pulse-chase studies were observed. PFVs, irregularly shaped, electron-translucent vesicles ranging from a small diameter to over 1 micro, are first seen in the region of the cytopharynx where they bind to the nascent vacuole membrane. Within 30 sec of vacuole release the PFVs fuse with the vacuole where they remain for a brief time connected to the vacuole by a narrow annulus. HRP-reaction product is found in vacuoles but not in PFVs before PFVs fuse with the vacuoles. After fusion with PFVs HRP is quickly inactivated. Tubular extensions of vacuole membrane then form between the fused PFVs. By 3 to 5 min both PFVs and tubules disappear from the vacuole surface and lysosomes appear in their place. We believe the tubules are pinched off as PFV membrane is being added to the vacuole. Microfilaments coat the membrane during all these dynamic events. Since the pH of the vacuole becomes acid during the first few minutes, we are now looking for a direct correlation between PFV fusion and acidification. PMID- 6682041 TI - Concanavalin A-mediated agglutination and distribution of concanavalin A-binding sites in Acanthamoeba following treatment with colchicine and cytochalasin B. AB - Incubation of Acanthamoeba castellanii (Neff strain) with FITC-ConA (15 micrograms/ml) resulted in the appearance of patches of fluorescence on the amoebae within 2 min of incubation. These patches disappeared following treatment of the amoebae with alpha-MeMan. Pretreatment of the amoebae with colchicine or cytochalasin B or with colchicine and cytochalasin B in combination did not significantly alter the distribution pattern of fluorescence in the amoebae. 2,4 Dinitrophenol and incubation at 4 degrees C on the other hand decreased the degree of patching of the amoebae. Pretreatment with 2,4-dinitrophenol and incubation at 4 degrees C also decreased the ConA-mediated agglutination of the amoebae. No effect on the ConA-mediated agglutination was, however, observed following pretreatment of the amoebae with colchicine and cytochalasin B neither alone nor in combination. Our results indicate that ConA-mediated agglutination and long-range ConA-receptor mobility in the Acanthamoeba are not under the control of structures sensitive to cytochalasin B or colchicine. PMID- 6682042 TI - Induced morphological changes in isolated microvilli: regulation of membrane topology in vitro by submembranous microfilaments. AB - We have investigated the effects of treating isolated microvilli with 1 mM ATP, 5 mM CaCl2, and 25 mM MgCl2 in terms of the morphological changes induced and the solubilization of cytoskeletal proteins. Neither ATP nor MgCl2 treatment alone induced significant morphological changes, despite some solubilization of cytoskeletal proteins; yet combined ATP and MgCl2 treatment resulted in "beading" of the membrane and some loss of membrane from the basal end of the structures. CaCl2 treatment resulted in a very regular beading of the microvillus membrane together with partial disassembly and solubilization of the core. These changes could be induced by free Ca++ in the micromolar range, which therefore suggests that they may be of physiological importance. Induced morphological changes are discussed in terms of the effects of these treatments on the microvillus cytoskeleton. PMID- 6682043 TI - Supersensitivity to noradrenaline in vas deferens from morphine-dependent mice is confirmed. AB - Vasa deferentia isolated from morphine-treated mice were subsensitive (tolerant) to the inhibitory effect of morphine on field stimulation-induced contractions (4.1 fold at the IC50 level) and exhibited supersensitivity to exogenously added noradrenaline. The magnitude of the supersensitivity to noradrenaline was not affected by the absence (2.6 fold) or presence (2.9 fold) of morphine in the bathing medium thus ruling out, as previously suggested, that the absence of morphine in the bathing solution could induce an 'in vitro morphine withdrawal'. Addition of naloxone to such vasa deferentia increased the maximum response to noradrenaline without a significant change of the sensitivity to the neurotransmitter. It is concluded that isolated morphine-tolerant vasa deferentia exhibit supersensitivity to exogenously added noradrenaline. Naloxone added in vitro to such vasa deferentia enhanced the maximum response to noradrenaline. PMID- 6682044 TI - Identification of a cytoskeleton-associated glycoprotein from isolated microvilli of a mammary ascites tumor. AB - Microvilli isolated from MAT-C1 13762 ascites tumor cells were extracted with Triton X-100 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to yield cytoskeletal residues. Analysis of the residues by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and silver staining suggested that one of the major components is a glycoprotein (CAG). Neuraminidase treatments and glucosamine labeling demonstrated that CAG is a glycoprotein, and lactoperoxidase iodination showed its presence at the microvillar surface. DNase treatments and myosin affinity analysis suggested an association between CAG and the microvillar microfilaments. Thus, CAG has the properties expected of a transmembrane-linking molecule connecting the cell surface to the cytoskeleton. PMID- 6682045 TI - Chronic consumption of alcohol by adult mice: effect on hippocampal cells and synapses. AB - For 4 months C57 black mice were fed a nutritionally complete diet containing 9% alcohol or isocaloric sucrose and killed then or after 4 months recovery on standard food pellets. The number of cells in a thin plastic section of hippocampus was unchanged in field CA1 by alcohol exposure but was reduced 9% during withdrawal from alcohol. Electron microscopy was used to count synapses among the basal dendrites and no significant change was found in any treatment group. The spine heads were measured and found to be smaller in the alcohol group than in the sucrose group; many of the spines (in the alcohol group) were too small to be visible with the light microscope. PMID- 6682046 TI - Permeable embryonic cells of sea urchins as a model for studying nucleus cytoplasm interactions. AB - Sea urchin embryonic cells were made permeable by treating them with glycerol solution for the purpose of exchanging cytoplasmic components. When proteoglycans prepared from embryos of advanced stages of development permeated into these glycerinated cells, these substances accumulated rapidly in the nucleus, being bound with chromatin. PMID- 6682047 TI - Effect of estrogen administration on the induction of the plasma prolactin afternoon surge and on anterior pituitary prolactin concentration extracted at different pHs. AB - Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were injected with various doses of polyestradiol phosphate (PEP); the anterior pituitary (AP) prolactin (PRL) concentration and the plasma afternoon surge of PRL were observed 1 week later by radioimmunoassay. AP PRL was extracted using carbonate and phosphate buffers at either pH 7.6 or 10.6. The AP concentration of PRL was greater when the AP was extracted with buffers at pH 10.6 and the phosphate buffer was the most efficient. The concentration of PRL in the AP more closely reflected the magnitude of the estrogen-induced afternoon surge when the AP was extracted at pH 10.6 and this was especially so when the higher levels of estrogen were administered. PMID- 6682048 TI - Experimental catalepsy: influences of cholinergic transmission in restraint induced catalepsy. AB - Possible cholinergic mechanisms in experimental catalepsy were evaluated by using the 'pinch-induced' model in mice. In control, saline-injected mice, the median number of attempts needed to achieve a criterion level of catalepsy was 6. All 3 dose levels of physostigmine reduced this median to about 2 trials; neostigmine did not significantly reduce the number of trials. Opposite effects were obtained with atropine, with which all 3 doses tested increased the number of trials needed to cause catalepsy, and at the higher doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) most of the mice (80%) became insusceptible: atropine methyl bromide had no such effects. Thus, this kind of catalepsy may be mediated by cholinergic mechanisms that are central and not peripheral. PMID- 6682049 TI - Oestrus induction in unisexually grouped mice by multiple short-term exposures to males. AB - Oestrus induction and synchronization (the Whitten effect) were achieved in unisexually grouped female mice by short-term (10 and 30 min) exposure to conspecific males. PMID- 6682050 TI - Inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cardiac adenylate cyclase activity by short chain alcohols. AB - The diterpene forskolin stimulated rat cardiac adenylate cyclase activity at least 20-fold and potentiated the effect of NaF. The stimulatory effect of forskolin was reduced in the presence of Gpp(NH)p. Ethanol markedly reduced the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by forskolin while potentiating NaF and Gpp(NH)p stimulation. The inhibitory effect of ethanol on forskolin stimulation appeared to be of a mixed type with both a competitive and a non-competitive component. Three other short-chain linear alcohols (methanol, propanol, butanol) also inhibited forskolin-stimulation, this effect being proportional to the number of carbon atoms. PMID- 6682051 TI - Free testosterone levels during danazol therapy. AB - Danazol is a testosterone (T) derivative widely used in the clinical treatment of endometriosis. Its mechanism of action is poorly understood, but is side effects are mainly androgenic. Previously it was demonstrated that danazol can displace T from sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). The binding properties of danazol to SHBG and albumin were studied with the use of labeled danazol in an aqueous two phase equilibrium partition system. Levels of total T, SHBG, and albumin were measured in 16 women undergoing danazol treatment for endometriosis. Thereafter, free and protein-bound T levels were calculated. A marked rise in free T was found during danazol therapy as compared with pretreatment levels. The data suggest that many of the effects of danazol could be explained by increased levels of free T during treatment. PMID- 6682052 TI - Human sperm penetration of zona-free hamster eggs after storage of the semen for 48 hours at 2 degrees C to 5 degrees C. AB - The motility of human spermatozoa and their ability to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs were examined after dilution of the semen with TES-Tris (TEST) yolk buffer and storage for 48 hours at 2 degrees C to 5 degrees C. Semen samples from 10 fertile donors and 19 infertility patients were studied. More than 65% of the spermatozoa which were initially motile in the TEST yolk buffer remained active after storage. During storage, the mean swimming speed of the sperm declined to approximately 60% of the prestorage value. The percentage of zona-free hamster eggs that were penetrated by spermatozoa from patients and donors increased significantly following 48 hours of storage at 2 degrees C to 5 degrees C. Normal semen and abnormal semen were equally preserved by this storage method. This procedure may be used to ship semen samples by commercial transportation to specialized laboratories for testing. Low temperature storage in the TEST yolk buffer appears to enhance the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa in vitro. PMID- 6682053 TI - [Effect of an amino ether hardening agent at low concentration on conditioned reflexes in the rat]. PMID- 6682054 TI - [Hemodynamic reactions of animals to episodic stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the dynamics of acute emotional stress]. PMID- 6682055 TI - [Effect of a natriuretic factor on water and electrolyte transport in the large intestine of the rat]. PMID- 6682056 TI - Biomechanics of the patello-femoral joint. Part II: A study of the effect of simulated femoro-tibial varus deformity on the congruity of the patello-femoral compartment and movement of the patella. PMID- 6682057 TI - A study of the wear characteristics of sliding paris of high density polycrystalline aluminium oxide with particular reference to their use in total replacement human joints. PMID- 6682058 TI - The application of optimization methods for the calculation of joint and muscle forces. PMID- 6682059 TI - Biomechanics of the patello-femoral joint. Part I: A study of the contact and the congruity of the patello-femoral compartment and movement of the patella. PMID- 6682060 TI - Surface geometry of the human ankle joint. PMID- 6682061 TI - In vivo measurement of the mechanical properties of bone tissue. Preliminary results. PMID- 6682062 TI - Variability of handgrip measurements. PMID- 6682064 TI - The role of the audiologist and otologist in the identification of the dysmorphic child. AB - Definitive diagnosis of hearing impairment may represent the first objective evidence of physiologic dysfunction in an infant or child with undetected associated abnormalities. The audiologist and otologist should be able to recognize many genetic abnormalities and dysmorphic syndromes. Six case summaries illustrate the importance of total evaluation of the hearing-impaired child. As an aid to eliciting important information, an associated system abnormalities questionnaire is provided. PMID- 6682063 TI - Three-day clotrimazole therapy for vulvo-vaginal mycosis. AB - A self-medication therapy with clotrimazole vaginal tablets, application of two tablets at bedtime on 3 consecutive days, was carried out to find out whether vulvo-vaginal mycoses can be treated more effectively and with fewer drop-outs when treatment is simpler and shorter. Our study included forty-one patients, seventeen of whom were in their second or third trimester of pregnancy. There was no significant difference between the efficacy rates in the pregnant (82.4%) and non-pregnant (83.3%) women. In 36 infections caused by various Candida species the cure rate was 91.7%; in 8 infections due to Torulopsis glabrata it was 75%. For thirty-three women with primary infections the cure rate was 84.8% and for eight women with recurrent infections it was 75%. The cure rate for the entire group of patients was 82.9% (thirty-four out of forty-one cases). Failures were seen in six out of thirty cases, i.e. in 16.7%. In one case burning was experienced after the insertion of the vaginal tablet so that treatment was discontinued. PMID- 6682065 TI - [Correlated variability in motor activity and emotionality in selecting rats for high and low values of active avoidance conditioned reflexes]. AB - The open-field behaviour of rats selected for high and low active avoidance level was studied. The data obtained showed the correlated response of two selected lines for avoidance ability with the locomotor activity and emotional reactivity in the open-field situation. The line of a low avoidance value had the low activity level and high defecation score in comparison to the alternative one and to progenitory Krushinsky--Molodkina strain. The correspondence of learning ability and emotionality-motivation performance has been discussed. PMID- 6682067 TI - [Genetic anomalies in dysmenorrhea and sterility: range and frequency, age related dependence, mosaicism dynamics]. AB - Cytogenetic examination of 304 women with different breaches of menses accompanying sterility revealed 8,6% patients having chromosomal anomalies: 14 women had karyotype 45,X; 5 patients had the XY complex of sexual chromosomes, 3 patients having the mosaic set of chromosomes 45,X/46,XX; and a group of patients were with karyotypes 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX; 45,X/46,XXq-/46,XX; 47,XXX; 46,Xq- represented each by one case. The highest frequency (37%) and the most various spectrum of chromosomal anomalies were revealed among women with primary amenorrhea. The intensity of mutagenesis on the genome level with regard to X chromosome was in average 100 times higher than on the chromosomal (structural) level. Genealogical analysis has revealed the X-linked recessive inheritance of the "XY-women" syndrome in one family and also permitted to suppose 2 autosomal recessive forms of primary amenorrhea with karyotype 46,XX in 5 patients. Other cases were sporadic. In spite of the higher risk of indivergence of sex chromosomes in gametogenesis for parents of old age groups, the probability of birth of children with chromosomal anomalies considered in not increased with the age of parents. A tendency to the increase in a relative number of cells with the normal karyotype was detected at the pubertal age in mosaic organisms due to selective processes. PMID- 6682066 TI - [Genetic code: codon bases--the symbols of amino acid synthesis and catabolism pathways]. AB - The correlations between genetic codes of amino acids and pathways of synthesis and catabolism of carbon backbone of amino acids are considered. Codes of amino acids which are synthesized from oxoacids of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and glyoxalic cycle via transamination without any additional chemical reactions, are initiated with guanine (alanine, glutamic and aspartic acids, glycine). Codons of amino acids which are formed on the branches of glycolysis at the level of compounds with three carbon atoms, begin with uracil (phenylalanine, serine, leucine, tyrosine, cysteine, tryptophan). Codes of amino acids formed from aspartate begin with adenine (methionine, isoleucine, threonine, asparagine, lysine, serine), while those of the amino acids formed from the compounds with five carbon atoms (glutamic acid and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate) begin with cytosine (arginine, proline, glutamine, histidine). The second letter of codons is linked to catabolic pathways of amino acids: most of amino acids entering glycolysis and the Krebs cycle through even-numbered carbon compounds, have adenine and uracil at the second position of codes (A-U type); most of amino acids entering the glycolysis and the Krebs cycle via odd-numbered carbon compounds, have codons with guanine and cytidine at the second position (G-C type). The usage of purine and pyrimidine as the third letter of weak codones in most of amino acids is linked to the enthropy of amino acid formation. A hypothesis claiming that the linear genetic code was assembled from the purine and pyrimidine derivatives which have acted as participants of primitive control of amino acid synthesis and catabolism, is suggested. PMID- 6682068 TI - [Role of various portions of chromosome 17 in the early embryogenesis of the laboratory mouse]. AB - Peculiarities of the early development of mice embryos with structural aberrations of chromosome 17 were studied in mice heterozygous for reciprocal translocations T (16; 17) 43H and T (9; 17) 138Ca. Deficiency for the distal part of chromosome 17 corresponding to the E-region (Df 17 E1-E5), as well as deficiency for its most proximal part, the AB region (Df 17 A1-A-3, B) carrying all genes of complex T-locus, does not block cleavage, blastulation and implantation but severely affects immediate postimplantation development and causes embryonic death during early neurulation. Deficiency for the middle part of chromosome 17, including Giemsa-positive band 17C and the most of Giemsa negative band D, becomes evident just after a few cleavage divisions and all these embryos die at the morula stage (8-16 blastomeres). It has been concluded that genes of the CD region in chromosome 17 are of major importance for genetic control of the early development in laboratory mice. The possible causes for early embryonic death are discussed in connection with the genetic map of chromosome 17 and a hypothesis of mutual activation of homologous autosomes and their segments at initial stages of embryogenesis is suggested. PMID- 6682069 TI - Cerebral metastatic choriocarcinoma in the People's Republic of China. AB - Thirty-four patients with cerebral metastases from choriocarcinoma were treated between 1964 and 1978 by the Department of Gynecology of the Tumor Hospital Chung Shan Medical College, Kwongchow, People's Republic of China. Disease in 20.5% (7 of 34 patients) is currently in remission (12 to 120 months). Treatment was primarily by chemotherapy and Chinese herbs, with adjunctive craniotomy in selected patients. Myelosuppression was the main side effect. PMID- 6682070 TI - [Gynecologic urology]. PMID- 6682071 TI - Reproducibility of simultaneous urethrocystometry measured with electronic microtransducers. AB - The reproducibility of simultaneous urethrocystometry in time and different rotational positions has not been sufficiently investigated. A prospective study with 16 patients assessed for incontinence was carried out, urethrocystometry with electronic microtransducers being performed at 1- to 3-week intervals, and with the catheter rotated to four different positions. Six parameters were analyzed on urethral profiles at rest and under stress. The reproducibility of all parameters in time was excellent. A comparison of values obtained after rotating the catheter showed significant differences for some parameters, but without clinical relevance. PMID- 6682072 TI - Inhibition of puerperal lactation by metergoline: interactions with methylergobasine maleate. AB - Metergoline, a prolactin (PRL) lowering drug, is used in the puerperal period to inhibit lactation. Methylergobasine maleate (MEM), widely employed in the puerperium to promote uterine contractions, has also been reported to decrease PRL release and to reduce lactation. To evaluate the possible interactions of the two drugs, groups of 6-11 puerperae each received no treatment, metergoline alone (8 or 12 mg/day for 5 days), MEM alone (0.2 mg i.v. at delivery followed by 0.5 mg/day p.o. for 5 days) and metergoline plus MEM. Metergoline fully prevented lactation and significantly reduced PRL release, the higher dose inducing effects faster. MEM was without effect on PRL release and lactation, and did not modify the effect of metergoline. PMID- 6682073 TI - Isolation of sulphate transport defective mutants of Candida utilis: further evidence for a common transport system for sulphate, sulphite and thiosulphate. AB - Selenate-resistant mutants of Candida utilis were isolated. They did not take up sulphate while incorporation of an organic sulphur source, such as L-methionine, was similar to the wild-type strain. They grew poorly on sulphate, sulphite and thiosulphate and, as expected, grew well on methionine. Sulphite reductase activities of the mutants were similar to the wild type strain. The properties of these mutants support the view of a common transport system for sulphate, sulphite and thiosulphate. PMID- 6682074 TI - Sulphate transport in Candida utilis. AB - Sulphate uptake by Candida utilis follows Michaelis-Menten type kinetics characterized by a Km of 1.43 mM for sulphate. The process is unidirectional, pH, temperature and energy dependent. Molybdate, selenate, thiosulphate, chromate and sulphite are competitive inhibitors. Dithionite is a mixed-type inhibitor of sulphate uptake. If cells are pre-incubated with sulphate, sulphite, thiosulphate, dithionite or sulphide, sulphate uptake is severely blocked. Inhibition by endogenous sulphate, sulphite and thiosulphate was specific for sulphate uptake. Thus, incorporation of extracellular sulphate seems to be under the control of a heterogeneous pool of sulphur compounds. These results are discussed in connection with the regulation of sulphur amino acid biosynthesis in C. utilis. PMID- 6682075 TI - Attempts to induce cytogenetic effects with sulphite in sulphite oxidase deficient Chinese hamsters and mice. AB - Chinese hamsters and mice were made sulphite-oxidase deficient by the feeding of a low-molybdenum diet with sodium tungstate as a drinking-water supplement. Hepatic sulphite-oxidase activity was checked spectrophotometrically. Under normal conditions, sulphite-oxidase activity is high in the mouse and low in the Chinese hamster. Sulphite (SO3--) was given in a single or double oral dose in aqueous solution or dissolved in fruit juice or by repeated subcutaneous injections up to the maximum tolerated doses. Possible cytogenetic effects were studied in bone-marrow cells using three test systems--the sister chromatid exchange, chromosome aberration and micronucleus tests. No induction of cytogenetic effects was observed with any of the three tests in either species, indicating that no damage at the chromosomal level was induced by sulphite in these animals, even when sulphite-oxidase activity was reduced to a very low level. PMID- 6682076 TI - High concentrations of dimethylamine and methylamine in squid and octopus and their implications in tumour aetiology. AB - The levels of the common secondary amines in various squid, in octopus and in 17 other seafoods were determined by HPLC. Ammonia and dimethylamine were found in all of the seafoods tested and some of them also contained methylamine and/or ethylamine. Particularly high levels of dimethylamine (946-2043 ppm) and methylamine (38-255 ppm) were detected in various species of squid and in the octopus. Reaction of nitrite in acidic medium with aqueous extract of squid yielded appreciable amounts of N-nitrosodimethylamine. The optimum pH for this reaction was around 2.4. Dimethylamine in dried squid tissues was readily extracted with water or 1% sodium carbonate solution. Heat treatment of dried squid at 200 degrees C was found to increase its amine content dramatically. It appeared that pyrolytic decarboxylation of some amino acids might cause this increase. Squid is a popular seafood in Japan and other oriental countries. The high incidence of stomach cancer in Japan and China is thought by epidemiologists to be associated with traditional Japanese and Chinese diets. Our present finding that squid and other seafoods contain unusually high levels of dimethylamine and other amines adds to the evidence that dietary factors may have an important role in the aetiology of stomach cancer and other gastro-intestinal tumours. PMID- 6682077 TI - An examination of human blood for the presence of volatile nitrosamines. AB - Human blood was examined for the presence of volatile nitrosamines. Nitrosamines were detected by chemiluminescence and mass spectrometry after separation from blood by distillation and solvent extraction. N-nitrosodimethylamine was detected in all but one of 51 blood samples taken from 23 different people, at concentrations from the detection limit (0.1 microgram/litre) to 1.4 microgram/litre with a mean concentration of 0.5 microgram/litre. N Nitrosodiethylamine was detected in 11 samples, the detection limit being 0.1 microgram/litre. No other volatile nitrosamines were detected. After a test meal of bacon, spinach, bread and beer, the concentration of N-nitrosodimethylamine increased. There was no appreciable difference between the nitrosamine concentrations in the blood of laboratory workers and in the blood of other people. Salivary nitrite concentrations measured semi-quantitatively concurrently with blood sampling varied considerably but showed no apparent correlation with blood nitrosamine levels. Measurements in rabbits given a continuous infusion of N-nitrosodimethylamine gave a clearance rate approximately equal to the blood flow through the liver and a volume of distribution of 1.2 litre/kg body weight. By applying these results to man, the body burden after the meal was calculated as 40-50 microgram. This is substantially higher than the estimated weekly intake of volatile nitrosamines from food. PMID- 6682078 TI - The influence of dietary phosphate on the toxicity of orally ingested lead in rats. AB - The influence of elevated dietary phosphate on the toxicity of orally ingested lead was investigated in male weanling Wistar rats. Two groups of 20 rats were fed diets containing either adequate (0.5%) or high (1.2%) levels of phosphorus (as phosphates). Half of the rats on each level of phosphorus were given 20 micrograms lead (as lead acetate)/g dry diet. After 8 wk, biochemical tests for lead toxicity were carried out and tissue-lead levels were measured. All of the rats given lead-supplemented diets had higher concentrations of lead in bone, brain, kidney and liver than those given diets without added lead but the increase was significantly greater in all tissues in the group given the 1.2% phosphorus diet. Lead supplementation increased the levels of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin and decreased the activity of delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase. The lead-induced increase in the level of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin was no greater in the high-phosphate group than in the low phosphate group but the decrease in delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase activity was significantly larger in the high-phosphate group. This work demonstrates that excess dietary phosphate significantly increases lead toxicity and indicates the need for continued research on the interaction between dietary factors and lead toxicity. PMID- 6682079 TI - HPLC analysis of linear furocoumarins (psoralens) in healthy celery (Apium graveolens). AB - Four linear furocoumarins (psoralen, bergapten, xanthotoxin, and isopimpinellin) were isolated from three varieties of healthy, commercially grown celery (Apium graveolens). Psoralen has not previously been reported to occur in celery. Combined levels of these photomutagenic and photocarcinogenic furocoumarins measured by normal-phase HPLC did not exceed 1.3 ppm in any of the celery varieties studied. PMID- 6682080 TI - [Deperoxidation of hydroperoxylinoleic acid by the intestinal mucosa]. AB - In the presence of glutathione, a homogenate of rat intestinal mucosa transforms linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LOOH) into the corresponding alcohol (LOH). The Km of the enzyme involved (a glutathione peroxidase) is 5.7 x 10(-6) M. The specific activity, measured as generated LOH, was found to be 0.058 mumol/mg protein/min, six times lower than that of the liver. A mitochondrial supernatant of the mucosal homogenate had 1.5 times the activity of the initial homogenate. The reduction of 1 mol LOOH requires 2 mol glutathione. Besides this enzymatic deperoxidation, 5% of the LOOH was decomposed in both the intestinal mucosa and liver by a non-enzymatic pathway, probably involving the Fe3+ of the haemoproteins. PMID- 6682081 TI - Selection and application of a new volatile solvent as a fatty food simulant for determining the global migration of constituents of plastics materials. AB - A study was carried out to establish whether the draft EEC method for determining overall (global) migration of the constituents of plastics-packaging materials into a fatty-food simulant could be applied to samples of commercially available homogeneous plastics materials and whether it would be possible to use extraction with a volatile solvent under appropriate conditions of time and temperature in cases where, for some reason, the fat test cannot be used. The results obtained show that the draft EEC method can be applied without insuperable problems to most commercially available homogeneous plastics-packaging materials. Moreover, taking into account the poor reproducibility and accuracy associated in some cases with global-migration tests in olive oil, the determination of global migration into isooctane (contact time 2 hr at 40 degrees C) seems to be a suitable substitute for determinations using exposure to olive oil for 10 days at 40 degrees C. PMID- 6682082 TI - An investigation of the penetration of ingested asbestos into the normal and abnormal intestinal mucosa of the rat. AB - To characterize the tissue response associated with the presence of asbestos fibres in the gastro-intestinal wall, duodenal tissues of Wistar rats were examined by light microscopy following injection of a suspension containing amosite fibres into the wall of the duodenum. Intestinal tissues were also examined by light microscopy following oral administration of amosite for 5 days to healthy animals and for up to 7 days to animals with induced gastro-intestinal ulcers. Injection of amosite into the wall of the gastro-intestinal tract resulted in granulomatous lesions characterized by large numbers of macrophages containing crystals with the polarizing characteristics of amosite fibres. Examination by polarizing light microscopy following ingestion of asbestos revealed no such lesions or other histopathological abnormalities in the gut wall of the healthy animals and no intracellular fibres were observed in the animals with ulcers. Light microscopy, therefore, yielded no pathological evidence of widespread transmigration of asbestos from the gastro-intestinal tract of rats, even under conditions of mucosal loss. Further studies involving analysis by electron microscopy are under way. PMID- 6682084 TI - [Problems in the rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6682083 TI - Cytotoxicity of talc for macrophages in vitro. AB - The cytotoxicity of seven specimens of respirable talc dust for mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro was studied. All talcs showed modest but consistent macrophage cytotoxicity and would be expected to be fibrogenic in vivo. Available data suggest that under certain circumstances respirable talc can cause lung fibrosis in animal inhalation studies. As most of the talc specimens under investigation were of high purity it seemed unlikely that the cytotoxicity was due to the presence of small quantities of contaminating minerals. PMID- 6682085 TI - [Polygraphic changes in relation to lipid metabolism after acclimatization to high mountain altitudes]. PMID- 6682086 TI - [Structural analysis of patients treated at the Piestany Spa for post-traumatic conditions]. PMID- 6682087 TI - Homologous genes for X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata in man and mouse. AB - X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata is a human gene defect characterized by punctate foci of epiphyseal calcification, cataracts, ichthyosis, and systematized atrophoderma. In a comparative study, the murine X-linked mutant 'bare patches' was found to display strikingly similar skeletal, ocular, and cutaneous anomalies. The human as well as the murine phenotypes occur exclusively in the female sex, apparently because the underlying mutations are lethal for male embryos. In both traits, the cutaneous lesions are arranged in a linear and blotchy pattern reflecting lyonization. The observed similarities constitute strong evidence that the two genes are homologous. The proposed homology is a further example of the evolutionary conservatism of the X-chromosome in mammals. PMID- 6682088 TI - High resolution banding and the locus of the Xq fragile site. PMID- 6682089 TI - Relationship between a spleen-derived immunosuppressive peptide 'SDIP' and the 'Facteur thymique serique' (FTS): biochemical and biological comparison of the two factors. AB - A spleen-derived immunosuppressive peptide (SDIP) has been purified to homogeneity. Its physicochemical properties (electrophoretic mobility, u.v. spectra, absence of dansyl derivative) and its enzymatic susceptibilities (proteolytic enzymes, RNase, and DNase) were similar to those of the thymic hormone 'FTS'. SDIP and FTS were eluted with identical retention times in high performance liquid chromatography analysis in three different systems. When tested in sheep cell rosettes, and in the FTS radioimmunoassay in J.F. Bach's laboratory, SDIP presented an activity similar to FTS. In order to compare the thymic hormone to SDIP the biological activity of FTS was determined in in vivo and in in vitro humoral immunity reactions to a T-dependent antigen. As SDIP, FTS inhibited in vivo and in vitro the 19S-bearing cell formation during the last step of the differentiation of the lymphocytes, in the same range of concentration. The two factors appeared to stimulate the incorporation of [3H] thymidine into the DNA of short-term cultures of thymocytes. The similarity of biological properties of SDIP and FTS together with the similarity observed in the physico-chemical and biochemical properties led to the conclusion that bovine spleen contains a factor similar to FTS. PMID- 6682090 TI - Allergens of Alternaria: further characterization of a basic allergen fraction. AB - A basic allergen fraction isolated from Alternaria extracts by preparative flat bed gel isoelectric focusing (as previously reported) was subjected to further characterization. The fraction was chromatographed on a Sephadex G-25 column and exhibited two major peaks, the first of which was allergenic and the second of which was nonallergenic but caused a precipitate to form when added to a mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (1%) and trichloroacetic acid (5%). SDS-PAGE indicated that the allergen component of the basic fraction migrated at about the same rate as insulin (5.8 kdaltons). Both G-25 peaks were carbohydrate rich with a protein:carbohydrate ratio (by weight) of 1:4.5 and 1:5.8 for peak 1 and peak 2 respectively. Heat (100 degrees C for 10 min) and enzyme digestion (trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and pepsin) did not reduce the RAST inhibition values for peak 1 or the original basic fraction. The basic fraction did not bind human IgE specific for birch pollen indicating that the RAST inhibition and IgE (Alternaria specific) binding to radioimmunoelectrophoresis plates was not due to nonspecific binding of IgE. We conclude that the allergenicity of the basic fraction is due to a small molecule that is predominantly carbohydrate in nature and is a major allergen of Alternaria. PMID- 6682092 TI - Nickel allergy in a female twin population. AB - The genetic predisposition of nickel allergy was evaluated in 1,546 Danish female twins born between 1906 and 1930. The twins were investigated primarily via a mailed questionnaire and were asked if they noticed redness, itching, or dermatitis when they came in contact with metal clasps or costume jewelry. The material was divided into two equal parts corresponding to the western and eastern parts of Denmark. The majority of the possible positives in the eastern part were examined and patch tested. PMID- 6682093 TI - Ultrastructure of Loa loa microfilaria. PMID- 6682091 TI - Inequality and mortality: demographic hypotheses regarding advanced and peripheral capitalism. AB - This paper analyzes mortality differences between social classes and between advanced and peripheral regions of the world economy. The demographic analysis of mortality is integrated with the study of political economy, which emphasizes the entire process of social reproduction. As part of this dialectic model, both the struggle of the working class to improve health and the interest of capital in maximizing profits are examined. Data from Quebec and Upper Volta are used to illustrate the hypothesis that substantially higher mortality rates exist for the working class compared with the bourgeoisie and in the less developed peripheral regions compared with the more developed regions. PMID- 6682095 TI - Myeloid bodies in the mammalian retinal pigment epithelium. AB - In the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of a mammal, the Eastern gray squirrel, a type of cytoplasmic organelle, the so-called "myeloid body" that was previously thought to be restricted to the RPE of lower vertebrates was observed. In the squirrel, these organelles are continuous with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), lack an enclosing membrane, and in general exhibit all the morphologic criteria used to identify myeloid bodies. The presumptive myeloid bodies in the squirrel RPE are most prevalent in animals killed during the early hours of the dark period of a 12L:12D lighting cycle. They are rarely observed in animals killed just prior to or during the light period. Thus, these findings document for the first time the occurrence of myeloid bodies in the mammalian RPE, and indicate that their presence is influenced by a diurnal lighting cycle. PMID- 6682096 TI - Clinical-ultrastructural study of a retinal dystrophy. AB - An ultrastructural and cytochemical study was performed on the retina and retinal pigment epithelium of an eye surgically enucleated for choroidal melanoma from an otherwise healthy 31-year-old man. The patient and his identical twin show a retinal dystrophy that, based on clinical appearance, visual fields, amd electrophysiology, is most likely autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Rod and cone photoreceptors were reduced in numbers and outer segments were virtually absent in the region corresponding to the patient's poorest vision. In the region from approximately 20 degrees to 60 degrees (best field of vision), the outer segments of rods and cones were shortened and disorganized. The retinal pigment epithelium showed reactive changes in areas of most severe photoreceptor pathology, including re-duplication, loss of melanin, increased melanolysosomes, and migration of individual cells into the retina. The acid phosphatase reactivity of both the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells appeared normal, as were the photoreceptor cilia and inner layers of the retina. This study thus provides improved ultrastructural documentation of a relatively early case of retinitis pigmentosa that may provide a foundation for further functional studies aimed at elucidation of this enigmatic retinal dystrophy. PMID- 6682098 TI - Corrections on prostaglandin dosage. PMID- 6682099 TI - Modified live vaccines and pregnancy. PMID- 6682097 TI - Acid phosphatase activity in yolk droplets of chick notochordal cells. AB - The fine localization of acid phosphatase activity in yolk droplets in the notochordal cells of the developing chick (stage 12-13) has been investigated by electron microscopy. The enzyme reaction products are mainly found on the peripheries of yolk droplets of various different sizes, which are often clustered together to form larger masses. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes with the substantial or small amounts of reaction product are closely, and occasionally directly, associated with the yolk droplets and their masses. These findings strongly suggested that both the rough and endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes supply the acid phosphatase for the utilization of yolk in the differentiating notochordal cells. PMID- 6682094 TI - Acute occlusive disorders of the choroidal vasculature. PMID- 6682100 TI - Evidence for two disulfide bonds important to the functioning of the renal outer cortical brush-border membrane D-glucose transporter. AB - The effects of the disulfide reducing agent dithiothreitol on the renal outer cortical brushborder membrane D-glucose transporter are studied. Two apparently independent results of dithiothreitol treatment are observed. The first is a completely reversible increase in the affinity of the carrier for the nontransported competitive inhibitor phlorizin. The second is a partially reversible loss of phlorizin binding sites. Similar results are observed with the monothiol disulfide reducing agent beta-mercaptoethanol. Reversal of both effects of dithiothreitol could be prevented by exposing the membranes to an excess of N ethylmaleimide following treatment with the reducing agent. When transported sugars are included with dithiothreitol treatment, the magnitude of both of its effects on the carrier are influenced; more specifically, the affinity for phlorizin is further increased and the loss of phlorizin binding sites is reduced. Nontransported sugars are without effect. These observations provide strong evidence for the existence of (at least) two disulfide bonds important to the functioning of this transporter. PMID- 6682102 TI - Purification and characterization of rat urinary esterase A, a plasminogen activator. AB - A plasminogen activator, previously designated as rat urinary esterase A (Nustad, K., and Pierce, J. V. (1974) Biochemistry 13, 2312-2319), was separated from kallikrein of rat urine and purified to homogeneity. In polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis, the purified enzyme showed three closely migrating protein bands which were labeled with [14C]diisopropylphosphorofluoridate and stained on a zymogram using the chromogenic substrate methionine-alpha-naphthyl ester. Two chains, heavy chain(s) (Mr approximately 15,800, 14,200) and light chain(s) (Mr approximately 8,850, 8,550), were separated in SDS-polyacrylamide gel under reducing conditions, while two bands (Mr approximately 24,500 and 23,000) were seen under nonreducing conditions. The active site of the enzyme was associated with the heavy chain. The purified enzyme was stained for carbohydrate by the periodic acid-Schiff reagent. Five bands were distinguished in slab gel electrofocusing with isoelectric points ranging from 5.05 to 5.45. The purified enzyme lysed fibrin clots containing plasminogen but not plasminogen-free fibrin. It hydrolyzed benzyloxylcarbonyl-Gly-Gly-Arg-amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin, and a Km of 53 microM and a Vmax of 63 mumol/min/mg of enzyme were obtained at pH 8.0 and 37 degrees C. The enzyme cleaved kininogen substrates to produce kinin which was measured by bioassay or radioimmunoassay. The enzyme was inhibited by soybean or lima bean trypsin inhibitor, aprotinin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, D-Phe-Phe-ArgCH2Cl, antipain, leupeptin, benzamidine, and pentamidine. Its pH optimum was 8.5 to 9.0; it was unstable on dilution and on heating. On immunoelectrophoresis, an antiserum to the esterase formed precipitin arcs with rat plasma and this enzyme at identical positions, which in turn were different from those formed with kallikrein. This urinary enzyme belongs to the family of serine proteinases and is immunologically related to urinary kallikrein. PMID- 6682101 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of the dynamic stability of the heme pocket of soybean leghemoglobin a. Exchange rates for the labile proton of the proximal histidyl imidazole. AB - Intrinsic spin lattice relaxation times for the hyperfine-shifted exchangeable resonances and the downfield heme methyls for the low spin met-cyano-, met nicotinate-, and deoxy- complexes of soybean leghemoglobin a were determined in H2O. When exchange with the bulk solvent is slow on the T1 time scale, comparison of the intrinsic T1 values for the exchangeable protons and the heme methyl resonances has provided the assignment of the proximal histidyl imidazole N1H proton resonance. Transfer of saturation experiments and linewidth data as a function of pH at 25 degrees C permitted the determination of the proximal histidyl imidazole N1H exchange rates in various protein oxidation/ligation states. The exchange rates were found to be base-catalyzed in the deoxy- as well as the met-cyano-, met-nicotinate-, and met-azide- complexes. The exchange rates are taken as measures of the magnitude of the fluctuations of the protein conformation near the heme cavity. The unligated deoxy-protein exhibited a greater kinetic stability than ligated forms of the protein, and the bulky nicotinate ligand resulted in the lowest kinetic stability for the ligated protein forms. In contrast to met-cyanomyoglobin, no resonance which could be attributed to the distal histidyl imidazole NH was observed for any of the low spin complexes of leghemoglobin. Comparison between the same form of leghemoglobin and myoglobin reveals that the former exhibits exchange rates an order of magnitude faster than the latter protein in both ligated and unligated states, confirming the greater flexibility of the heme pocket in leghemoglobin. PMID- 6682103 TI - Studies on the spatial arrangement of muscle thin filament proteins using fluorescence energy transfer. AB - The distance between a pair of fluorophores attached to Cys-36 of beta tropomyosin and Cys-373 of actin in reconstituted muscle thin filaments was measured by fluorescence energy transfer. Two pairs of donor/acceptor fluorophores, N-(iodoacetylaminoethyl)-5-naphthylamine-1-sulfonic acid/5 iodoacetamidofluorescein and N-(1-pyrene)maleimide/dimethylamino-4 maleimidostilbene, were covalently attached to tropomyosin and actin. The energy transfer efficiencies in various reconstituted systems were determined from decrease in donor lifetime using nanosecond pulse fluorimetry. Based on the 8 to 13% energy transfer efficiency observed for the first donor/acceptor pair labeled on tropomyosin and actin, respectively, and a calculated critical distance of 45 A (assumed kappa 2 = 2/3) the distance between Cys-373 of actin and Cys-36 of beta-tropomyosin was estimated to be 65 A. Fluorescence energy transfer experiments using other donor/acceptor pairs gave similar results. Since Cys-373 of actin is thought to be in the myosin head-binding sites, the minimal distance between tropomyosin and the myosin-binding site on actin is estimated to be about 34.5 A. These results place some constraints on possible spatial arrangements of thin filament proteins. PMID- 6682104 TI - Antitumor activity of cis-dihalogenobis(1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionato)titanium (IV) compounds. A new class of antineoplastic agents. PMID- 6682105 TI - Daily cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) as a radio-enhancer: a preliminary toxicity report. PMID- 6682106 TI - Analysis of the role of microtubules and actin in erythrophore intracellular motility. AB - The Holocentrus erythrophore, a red pigment cell, represents a model system for the study of organized intracellular transport. We have investigated the possibility that microtubules and actin are integral components of the pigment translocating motility machine. By creating cells that have total or partial loss of the microtubule framework we have demonstrated that the presence of microtubules is essential for organized, radial transport of the pigment granules. However, in the absence of microtubules, some undirected movement of the pigment can be stimulated; this suggests that a nonmicrotubular component of the cytoplast is responsible, at least in part, for the generation of motive force. In order to test the hypothesis that this component consists of actin or actomyosin, we examined the effects of probes for these classical motility proteins. Neither microinjection of phalloidin, DNase I or N-ethylmaleimide modified heavy meromyosin nor exogenous application of cytochalasin B has any effect on pigment motion, although these materials do block the actin-mediated motility of other systems in our hands. Therefore, intracellular particle transport in erythrophores does not appear to be actin or actomyosin-based. PMID- 6682107 TI - A network of transverse and longitudinal intermediate filaments is associated with sarcomeres of adult vertebrate skeletal muscle. AB - An extensive network of transverse and longitudinal filamentous bridges was revealed when small myofibril bundles, prepared from Triton-EGTA-treated rabbit skeletal muscles, were extracted with Kl to remove the majority of thin and thick filaments. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies of these salt resistant cytoskeletal residues indicated (a) small bundles of short transverse filaments connect adjacent myofibrils by forming Z to Z and M to M bridges; (b) parallel, continuous longitudinal filaments connect the peripheries of successive Z-disks and ensheath the sarcomere. These transverse and longitudinal filaments have the characteristic morphology of intermediate filaments; (c) two rings of tightly interwoven and tangled filaments, connected laterally by short filaments, encircle each Z disk. This double-ring also encircles a weblike meshwork which penetrates the sarcomeric space. From the peripheries of these rings, transverse and longitudinal intermediate filaments emerge; and (d) a massive amount of material translocated and accumulated near Z disks during Kl extraction. The residues were fairly resistant to solubilization by urea and SDS, and complete dissolution was achieved only with guanidinium chloride. SDS PAGE indicated that the residues consisted mainly of titin, nebulin, and variable amounts of residual myosin and actin. Desmin represented only a few percent of total residual proteins; however, it may be a major component of the intermediate filament network. We suggest that the intermediate filament should be considered an integral sarcomeric component that may play important cytoskeletal roles in muscle structure and mechanics. PMID- 6682108 TI - Mechanical tension induces lateral movement of intramembrane components of the tight junction: studies on mouse mammary cells in culture. AB - Occluding junctions of mammary epithelial cells in nonproliferating primary culture occasionally display an atypical pattern of intramembrane strands oriented predominantly perpendicular, instead of roughly parallel, to the apical border of the junction. To test whether the orienting influence was a centripetal cytoskeletal tension often observed in epithelial sheets on fixed substrates, we seeded cells at low density; this allows them to spread maximally while forming a barely confluent pavement. The result was a fourfold increase in the percentage of junctions with the strongly aligned, atypical pattern. Closely similar configurations were observed as the earliest detectable effect of chelation of extracellular Ca++, which induced pronounced centripetal contraction of the cell body. Externally imposed tension, applied so as to stretch cells in one direction only, affected the positions of strands in stretched junctions as might be predicted, by flattening their undulations, increasing their alignment parallel to the apical border. Thus mechanical tension alone, whether inherent in the cytoskeleton or imposed on the cell surface by exogenous force, can cause coordinate lateral displacement of macromolecular assemblies within the membranes of both joined cells. PMID- 6682110 TI - Actin filaments, stereocilia, and hair cells of the bird cochlea. I. Length, number, width, and distribution of stereocilia of each hair cell are related to the position of the hair cell on the cochlea. AB - Located on the sensory epithelium of the sickle-shaped cochlea of a 7- to 10-d old chick are approximately 5,000 hair cells. When the apical surface of these cell is examined by scanning microscopy, we find that the length, number, width, and distribution of the stereocilia on each hair cell are predetermined. Thus, a hair cell located at the distal end of the cochlea has 50 stereocilia, the longest of which are 5.5 microns in length and 0.12 microns in width, while those at the proximal end number 300 and are maximally 1.5 microns in length and 0.2 micron in width. In fact, if we travel along the cochlea from its distal to proximal end, we see that the stereocilia on successive hair cells gradually increase in number and width, yet decrease in length. Also, if we look transversely across the cochlea where adjacent hair cells have the same length and number of stereocilia (they are the same distance from the distal end of the cochlea), we find that the stereocilia of successive hair cells become thinner and that the apical surface area of the hair cell proper, not including the stereocilia, decreases from a maximum of 80 microns2 to 15 microns2. Thus, if we are told the length of the longest stereocilium on a hair cell and the width of that stereocilium, we can pinpoint the position of that hair cell on the cochlea in two axes. Likewise, if we are told the number of stereocilia and the apical surface of a hair cell, we can pinpoint the location of that cell in two axes. The distribution of the stereocilia on the apical surface of the cell is also precisely determined. More specifically, the stereocilia are hexagonally packed and this hexagonal lattice is precisely positioned relative to the kinocilium. Because of the precision with which individual hair cells regulate the length, width, number, and distribution of their cell extensions, we have a magnificent object with which to ask questions about how actin filaments that are present within the cell are regulated. Equally interesting is that the gradient in stereociliary length, number, width, and distribution may play an important role in frequency discrimination in the cochlea. This conclusion is amplified by the information presented in the accompanying paper (Tilney, L.G., E.H. Egelman, D.J. DeRosier, and J.C. Saunders, 1983, J. Cell Biol., 96:822-834) on the packing of actin filaments in this stereocilia. PMID- 6682111 TI - Actin filaments, stereocilia, and hair cells of the bird cochlea. II. Packing of actin filaments in the stereocilia and in the cuticular plate and what happens to the organization when the stereocilia are bent. AB - A comparison of hair cells from different parts of the cochlea reveals the same organization of actin filaments; the elements that vary are the length and number of the filaments. Thin sections of stereocilia reveal that the actin filaments are hexagonally packed and from diffraction patterns of these sections we found that the actin filaments are aligned such that the crossover points of adjacent actin filaments are in register. As a result, the cross-bridges that connect adjacent actin filaments are easily seen in longitudinal sections. The cross bridges appear as regularly spaced bands that are perpendicular to the axis of the stereocilium. Particularly interesting is that, unlike what one might predict, when a stereocilium is bent or displaced, as might occur during stimulation by sound, the actin filaments are not compressed or stretched but slide past one another so that the bridges become tilted relative to the long axis of the actin filament bundle. In the images of bent bundles, the bands of cross-bridges are then tilted off perpendicular to the stereocilium axis. When the stereocilium is bent at its base, all cross-bridges in the stereocilium are affected. Thus, resistance to bending or displacement must be property of the number of bridges present, which in turn is a function of the number of actin filaments present and their respective lengths. Since hair cells in different parts of the cochlea have stereocilia of different, yet predictable lengths and widths, this means that the force needed to displace the stereocilia of hair cells located at different regions of the cochlea will not be the same. This suggests that fine tuning of the hair cells must be a built-in property of the stereocilia. Perhaps its physiological vulnerability may result from changes of stereociliary structure. PMID- 6682109 TI - Structural and dynamic states of actin in the erythrocyte. AB - Analysis of the nucleotide tightly associated with isolated erythrocyte cytoskeletons show it to be ADP, rather then ATP. This confirms that at least a major part of the erythrocyte actin is in the F-form. A re-evaluation of the stoichiometry of spectrin and actin in the erythrocyte (taking account of a gross difference between the color responses of the two proteins on staining of electrophoretic gels) leads to values of 1x10(5) and 5x10(5) for the number of molecules of spectrin tetramer and actin respectively per cell. It has been found possible to perform spectrophotometric DNAase I assays fro actin on lysed whole cells. The concentration of monomeric actin at 0 degrees C is approximately 16 mug/ml packed cells. After washing the lysed cells the monomer pool is not re established, indicating that only a small proportion of the actin subunits are free to dissociate. The actin monomer concentration in the cytosol remains unchanged after equilibration of the cells with cytochalasin E. The ability of actin-containing complexes in the membrane to nucleate the polymerization of added G-actin was measured fluorimetrically; it was found that membranes incubated with cytochalasin E were completely inert with respect to nucleating activity under conditions that favor appreciable growth at the slowly-growing ("pointed") ends of free actin filaments. This suggests that these ends of the actin "protofilaments" in the red cell are blocked or sterically obstructed. After treatment of the membranes with guanidine hydrochloride under conditions that dissociate F-actin, the measured concentration of actin monomer rises to approximately 180 mug/ml of packed cells, which is nearly 70 percent of the total actin content. On treatment with trypsin in the presence of DNAase, the spectrin and 4.1 are extensively degraded, but the actin remains undamaged. This treatment, followed by exposure to guanidine hydrochloride, causes a further rise in the concentration of actin responsive to the DNAase assay to 250 mug/ml of cells, compared with 270 mug/ml estimated by densitometry of stained gels. The oligomeric complex, consisting of actin, spectrin, and 4.1, that is extracted from the membrane at low ionic strength, generates no detectable actin monomer after the same treatment. From literature data on the number of cytochalasin binding sites per cell and our value for the total actin content, we obtain a number-average degree of polymerization for actin in the membrane of 12-17. The results lead to a model for the structure of the cytoskeletal network and suggest some consequences of metabolic depletion. PMID- 6682112 TI - Dissection of the Golgi complex. I. Monensin inhibits the transport of viral membrane proteins from medial to trans Golgi cisternae in baby hamster kidney cells infected with Semliki Forest virus. AB - Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells were infected with Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and, 2 h later, were treated for 4 h with 10 microM monensin. Each of the four to six flattened cisternae in the Golgi stack became swollen and separated from the others. Intracellular transport of the viral membrane proteins was almost completely inhibited, but their synthesis continued and they accumulated in the swollen Golgi cisternae before the monensin block. In consequence, these cisternae bound large numbers of viral nucleocapsids and were easily distinguished from other swollen cisternae such as those after the block. These intracellular capsid-binding membranes (ICBMs) were not stained by cytochemical markers for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (glucose-6-phosphatase) or trans Golgi cisternae (thiamine pyrophosphatase, acid phosphatase) but were labeled by Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA) in thin, frozen sections. Since this lectin labels only Golgi cisternae in the middle and on the trans side of the stack (Griffiths, G., R. Brands, B. Burke, D. Louvard, and G. Warren, 1982, J. Cell Biol., 95:781-792), we conclude that ICBMs are derived from Golgi cisternae in the middle of the stack, which we term medial cisternae. The overall movement of viral membrane proteins appears to be from cis to trans Golgi cisternae (see reference above), so monensin would block movement from medial to the trans cisternae. It also blocked the trimming of the high-mannose oligosaccharides bound to the viral membrane proteins and their conversion to complex oligosaccharides. These functions presumably reside in trans Golgi cisternae. This is supported by data in the accompanying paper, in which we also show that fatty acids are covalently attached to the viral membrane proteins in the cis or medial cisternae. We suggest that the Golgi stack can be divided into three functionally distinct compartments, each comprising one or two cisternae. The viral membrane proteins, after leaving the ER, would all pass in sequence from the cis to the medial to the trans compartment. PMID- 6682113 TI - Filopodelike projections induced with dimethyl sulfoxide and their relevance to cellular polarity in Dictyostelium. AB - When 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was applied to Dictyostelium cells, the cells rounded up in shape and cytoplasmic streaming ceased. The cells resumed both cytoplasmic streaming and locomotion in 20 min. SDS PAGE of isolated plasma membrane fractions showed that actin and myosin apparently became dissociated from the plasma membrane by the action of DMSO. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that many filopodelike projections formed on the surface of cells treated with 5% DMSO for 5 min. Interestingly, the projections were formed on a restricted portion of the cell surface. The phagokinetic track technique of Albrecht-Buehler (1977, Cell, 11: 395-404) showed that the projection region corresponded to the anterior part of a migrating cell. The possible relationship between the DMSO-induced projection region on the cell surface and intracellular organization of cell organelles was investigated using serial thin sections. The DMSO-induced projections contained arrays of microfilaments; and the microtubule organizing center (MTOC), nucleus, and vesicular structure were usually located in this order from the anterior end of the cell. The indirect immunofluorescent study using monoclonal anti-alpha-tubulin antibody was performed with a new fixation technique, which greatly improved the phase as well as immunofluorescent microscopy. It was verified that the intracellular positioning of the MTOC and nucleus had significant correlation with the cell polarity. The results show that DMSO is a powerful tool with which to manipulate the cellular microfilaments and to make visible the differentiation in the cortex layer, which apparently is relevant to the intracellular positioning of cell organelles and cell polarity. PMID- 6682114 TI - Mitotic architecture of the cell: the filament networks of the nucleus and cytoplasm. AB - The skeletal framework of cells at the various stages of mitosis are prepared by extraction with nonionic detergent and examined by stereoscopic whole mount electron microscopy. The insoluble filament network remaining after the detergent extraction and the depolymerization of microtubules is shown. The nonchromatin filament network of the nucleus, or nuclear matrix, becomes visible as the chromatin condenses at prophase. Filaments are associated with the chromosomes throughout mitosis. Parts of the chromosomes are associated with or are near the nuclear lamina at early stages. The nuclear lamina disappears at metaphase while chromosomes remain associated with filaments now continuous with the cytoplasmic network. Microtubules appear to be unnecessary for maintaining the chromosome position in these preparations since comparison of cells with and without microtubules shows no gross change in chromosome arrangement. The cellular filament network at metaphase and anaphase appears continuous from the plasma lamina to the chromosomes. The filament networks visualized here may be responsible for the prometaphase chromosome movement and participate in the formation of the midbody. PMID- 6682115 TI - Ligand-dependent regulation of intracellular protein transport: effect of vitamin a on the secretion of the retinol-binding protein. AB - As a model of ligand-dependent protein secretion the biosynthesis, intracellular transport, and release of the retinol-binding protein (RBP) were studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine. After various periods of chase RBP was isolated by immunoprecipitation and identified by SDS PAGE. Both normal and vitamin A-deficient hepatocytes synthesized RBP. The normal cells secreted the pulse-labeled RBP within 2 h. RBP synthesized by deficient cells was not secreted, and intracellular degradation of the protein appeared to be slow. Deficient cells could be induced to secrete RBP on the addition of retinol to the culture medium. This occurred also after protein synthesis had been blocked by cycloheximide. Since retinol induces the secretion of RBP, accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it seems reasonable to conclude that the transport of RBP from the ER to the Golgi complex is regulated by retinol. PMID- 6682116 TI - Direct electron microscopic visualization of barbed end capping and filament cutting by intestinal microvillar 95-kdalton protein (villin): a new actin assembly assay using the Limulus acrosomal process. AB - We have re-examined the Ca(++)-dependent interaction of an intestinal microvillar 95- kdalton protein (MV-95K) and actin using the isolated acrosomal process bundles from limulus sperm. Making use of the processes as nuclei for assembling actin filaments, we quantitatively and qualitatively examined MV-95K's effect on filament assembly and on F- actin, both in the presence and in the absence of Ca(++). The acrosomal processes are particularly advantageous for this approach because they nucleate large numbers of filaments, they are extremely stable, and their morphology can be used to determine the polarity of any nucleated filaments. When filament nucleation was initiated in the presence of MV-95K and the absence of Ca(++), there was biased filament assembly from the bundle ends. The calculated elongation rates from both the barbed and pointed filament ends were virtually indistinguishable from control preparations. In the presence of Ca(++), MV-95K completely inhibited filament assembly from the barbed filament end without affecting the initial rate of assembly from the pointed filament end. The inhibition of assembly results from MV-95K binding to and capping the barbed filament end, thereby preventing monomer addition. This indicates that, while MV 95K is a potent nucleator of actin assembly, it is also a potent inhibitor of actin filament elongation. To examine the effects of MV-95K on F-actin in the presence of Ca(++), we developed an assay where MV-95K is added to filaments previously assembled from acrosomal processes without causing filament breakage during mixing. These results clearly demonstrated that rapid filament shortening by MV-95K results through a mechanism of disrupting intrafilament monomer-monomer interactions. Finally, we show that tropomyosin-containing actin filaments are insensitive to cutting, but not to capping, by MV-95K in the presence of Ca(++). PMID- 6682117 TI - Low angle x-ray diffraction studies of chromatin structure in vivo and in isolated nuclei and metaphase chromosomes. AB - Diffraction of x-rays from living cells, isolated nuclei, and metaphase chromosomes gives rise to several major low angle reflections characteristic of a highly conserved pattern of nucleosome packing within the chromatin fibers. We answer three questions about the x-ray data: Which reflections are characteristic of chromosomes in vivo? How can these reflections be preserved in vitro? What chromosome structures give rise to the reflections? Our consistent observation of diffraction peaks at 11.0, 6.0, 3.8, 2.7 and 2.1 nm from a variety of living cells, isolated nuclei, and metaphase chromosomes establishes these periodicities as characteristic of eukaryotic chromosomes in vivo. In addition, a 30-40- nm peak is observed from all somatic cells that have substantial amounts of condensed chromatin, and a weak 18-nm reflection is observed from nucleated erythrocytes. These observations provide a standard for judging the structural integrity of isolated nuclei, chromosomes, and chromatin, and thus resolve long standing controversy about the "tru" nature of chromosome diffraction. All of the reflection seen in vivo can be preserved in vitro provided that the proper ionic conditions are maintained. Our results show clearly that the 30-40-nm maximum is a packing reflection. The packing we observe in vivo is directly correlated to the side-by-side arrangement of 20- 30-nm fibers observed in thin sections of fixed and dehydrated cells and isolated chromosomes. This confirms that such packing is present in living cells and is not merely an artifact of electron microscopy. As expected, the packing reflection is shifted to longer spacings when the fibers are spread apart by reducing the concentration of divalent cations in vitro. Because the 18-, 11.0-, 6.0-, 3.8-, 2.7-, and 2.1-nm reflections are not affected by the decondensation caused by removal of divalent cations, these periodicities must reflect the internal structure of the chromaticn fibers. PMID- 6682119 TI - Critical illness and low testosterone: effects of human serum on testosterone transport into rat brain and liver. PMID- 6682118 TI - Membrane junctions in Xenopus eggs: their distribution suggests a role in calcium regulation. AB - We have observed the presence of membrane junctions formed between the plasma membrane and cortical endoplasmic reticulum of mature, unactivated eggs of xenopus laevis. The parallel, paired membranes of the junction are separated by a 10-mn gap within which electron-dense material is present. This material occurs in patches with an average center-to-center distance of approximately 30 nm. These junctions are rare in immature (but fully grown) oocytes (approximately 2 percent of the plasma membrane is associated with junctions) and increase dramatically during progesterone-induced maturation. Junctions in the mature, unactivated egg are two to three times more abundant in the animal hemisphere (25 30 percent of the plasma membrane associated with junction) as compared with the vegetal hemisphere (10-15 percent). Junction density decreases rapidly to values characteristic of immature oocytes in response to egg activation. The plasma membrane-ER junctions of xenopus eggs are strikingly similar in structure to membrane junctions in muscle cells thought to be essential in the triggering of intracellular calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In addition, the junctions' distinctive, animal-vegetal polarity of distribution, their dramatic appearance during maturation, and their disapperance during activation are correlated with previously documented patterns of calcium-mediated events in anuran eggs. We discuss several lines of evidence supporting the hypothesis that these junctions in xenopus eggs are sites that transduce extracellular events into intracellular calcium release during fertilization and activation of development. PMID- 6682121 TI - Topical 2-deoxy-D-glucose for herpes simplex. PMID- 6682122 TI - Performance of high producing cows in early lactation fed protein of varying amounts, sources, and degradability. AB - Eighty-four multiparous Holstein cows were fed a standard ration from 0 to 21 days postpartum and treatment rations from 22 to 91 days. Treatments varied in amount and source of protein, and only cows averaging at least 26 kg milk daily from 8 to 21 days postpartum were used. Experimental variables included protein percent (11.3, 14.5, 17.5), ammoniated versus untreated corn silage, and heated (2.5 h at 140 degrees C in forced draft oven) versus normal soybean meal. Treatments by protein percent and supplement types were: 1) 11%, untreated silage, normal soy; 2) 14%, ammonia silage, heated soy; 3) 14%, untreated silage, heated soy; 4) 14%, untreated silage, normal soy; 5) 17%, ammonia silage, heated soy; 6) 17%, untreated silage, heated soy; and 7) 17%, untreated silage, normal soy. Milk production and dry matter intakes increased with increased protein. Differences were greater between 11 and 14% than between 14 and 17%. At 14 and 17% protein, cows fed normal soy produced less than those fed heated soy, but silage treatments were not different. The 17% ration containing ammonia silage and heated soy resulted in greatest milk production and highest income over feed costs. A combination of heated soybean meal to limit rumen degradability and ammonia in corn silage to furnish nonprotein nitrogen was the most productive and profitable of several rations compared for cows early in lactation. PMID- 6682123 TI - Effectiveness of acetic acid and formaldehyde for preventing protein degradation in the rumen. AB - Six rumen cannulated steers were in a replicated 3 X 3 Latin square arrangement to investigate degradability in the rumen of dry matter and crude protein from soybean meal that was untreated or treated with either 8% acetic acid or .3% formaldehyde. Polyester bags containing the soybean meals were suspended in the rumen of each steer and removed after 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 h to calculate degradation rates. Soybean meals remaining in the polyester bags after 12 h of rumen exposure were collected and referred to as residues. Postruminal digestion was stimulated by incubating 200 mg of soybean meal residues with pepsin and pancreatin. Formaldehyde treatment of soybean meal was more effective than acetic acid treatment in preventing ruminal degradation of dry matter and crude protein under these experimental conditions. However, soybean meal treated with acetic acid and remaining in polyester bags after 12 h of ruminal exposure released a larger quantity of alpha-amino nitrogen during in vitro incubation with pepsin and pancreatin than did residue of soybean meal treated with formaldehyde. Acetic acid may prove to be an effective agent for increasing the supply of absorbable dietary amino acids. PMID- 6682120 TI - Description and simulation of a physiological pharmacokinetic model for the metabolism and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in man. Cholic acid in healthy man. AB - A multicompartmental pharmacokinetic model based on physiological principles, experimental data, and the standard mathematical principles of compartmental analysis has been constructed that fully describes the metabolism and enterohepatic cycling in man of cholic acid, a major bile acid. The model features compartments and linear transfer coefficients. The compartments are aggregated into nine spaces based on physiological considerations (liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, jejunum, ileum, colon, portal blood sinusoidal blood, and general circulation). The transfer coefficients are also categorized according to function: flow, i.e., emptying of gallbladder or intestinal spaces, and circulation of the blood; biotransformation, i.e., conjugation, deconjugation, or dehydroxylation; and transport, i.e., active or passive transport. The model is made time dependent by introducing meals, which trigger discrete increases in gallbladder emptying and intestinal flow. Each space contains three compartments. For cholic acid, these are unconjugated cholic acid, cholylglycine, and cholyltaurine. The model was then used with all existing experimental data to simulate cholic acid metabolism in healthy man over a 24-h period. Satisfactory agreement was obtained between simulated and experimental results for serum bile acid levels, hepatic bile acid secretion, and bile acid secretion into the intestine. The model was also used to classify 16 clinical instances in which the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is altered by drugs or disease. The model can be extended to describe completely the metabolism and enterohepatic circulation of any bile acids in man in health and digestive disease. The model should also be broadly applicable to the description of the pharmacokinetics of all other drugs whose metabolism is similar to that of bile acids, i.e., drugs for which there are tissue and bacterial biotransformations, enterohepatic cycling, and appreciable first-pass clearance. PMID- 6682124 TI - Interventricular septal and free wall dynamics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to analyze interventricular septal and free wall dynamics in eight normal subjects and eight patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Upper, middle and lower septal and corresponding free wall motion and thickening were analyzed using both fixed and floating reference systems. The lower and midseptal dynamics did not seem to differ significantly between the two groups and the lower septum seemed to move more than the corresponding free wall (probability [p] less than 0.05). The upper septum moved and thickened less than the rest of the septum in both groups (p less than 0.05), but was less dynamic in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy than in normal subjects when the fixed reference system was used (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that the interventricular septum in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is not akinetic. Previously reported hypokinesia of the septum in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be due to sampling of the upper septum by M-mode echocardiography and to the fixed system of reference used by M-mode echocardiography. PMID- 6682126 TI - Laser treatment found effective in preventing blindness from senile macular degeneration. PMID- 6682125 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of right atrial thromboembolism. AB - In a patient with congestive cardiomyopathy who died suddenly from right ventricular thromboembolism, antemortem two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a right atrial mass with acoustic characteristics suggestive of a thromboembolus. These characteristics included an elongated structure that assumed multiple dynamic forms and lack of an intracardiac attachment point. Because of the high likelihood of right ventricular impaction of a cardiac embolus, an aggressive therapeutic approach to such lesions is advised. PMID- 6682127 TI - X-linked juvenile retinoschisis. AB - X-linked juvenile retinoschisis is an infrequently occurring inherited disease affecting males. Female carriers are phenotypically normal. A stellate or wheel spoke macular cystic appearance is considered by some to be pathognomonic for the disease in early stages. One half of the cases also have peripheral retinal and vitreal defects. We review the fundus changes, histologic characteristics, visual course and electrophysiologic findings of the disease, and describe an illustrative case and its low vision management. PMID- 6682128 TI - Estimation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) binding to purine bases of calf thymus DNA using [14C]methylbromphenvinphos. PMID- 6682129 TI - Plasminogen activator in differentiating mouse keratinocytes. AB - The activity of the serine protease plasminogen activator (PA) was measured in cell lysates from primary mouse keratinocyte cultures as well as from a number of established mouse keratinocyte lines. Enzyme activity was generally higher in the transformed lines than in the primary cultures; however, among the lines tested, those that expressed the highest degree of morphologic differentiation had the highest levels of cell-associated PA. In both the normal (primary) and transformed (established) keratinocyte cultures, PA activity increased when cultures reached confluence and morphologic evidence of differentiation was noted. The highest specific activity of the enzyme was found in cells shed from differentiating cultures, which consisted predominantly of detergent-resistant cornified envelopes. As the cultures differentiated and these cells were shed from the culture surface, the total cell-associated PA activity of the culture decreased accordingly. In both the normal and transformed keratinocyte cultures, peak PA activity occurred at a time when DNA synthesis was declining. These findings indicate that as keratinocytes differentiate, their intracellular levels of PA increase. The modulation of this endogenous keratinocyte enzyme may play an important, although as yet undefined, role in the normal maturation and terminal differentiation of these cells. PMID- 6682130 TI - [Effect of major histocompatibility complex disparity on reproductive performance]. AB - From the viewpoint of transplantation immunology, the fetus is a allograft which bears antigens incompatible with the mother. So immunological rejection reaction has been considered as one possible mechanism of abortion. To investigate this possibility, we applied some immunological procedures to rat and mouse. The results were as follows: 1) Prior active immunization with allogeneic placental cells or spleen cells emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant increased the rate of abortion in the rat. But this effect was not manifested in the cases to which these cells were administered without the adjuvant. 2) Prior active immunization with major histocompatibility complexes had no deleterious effect on gestation in either the rat or the mouse. 3) Compared with inbred mating, decrease in the incidence of abortion, increase in fetal weight and increase in litter size were noticed in outbred mating in the rat. The latter two were statistically significant but the former was not significant. These results suggest that the major histocompatibility complex disparity between the fetus and mother does not have a deleterious but a beneficial effect on reproductive performance. Some possible immunological mechanisms of abortion are discussed. PMID- 6682131 TI - [Cell-kinetics of the human uterine cervical carcinoma cells during radium irradiation]. AB - HeLa cells grown in a monolayer culture and in nude mice were exposed to graded dose rates (37, 55 or 200 rad/hour) and doses (500-2,000 rad) of radiation and analyzed in terms of their cell cycle distribution using flow-microfluorometry. In the case of the cultured HeLa cells, dose-survival curves were constructed using colony formation as the end-point. The HeLa cells, both in vitro and in vivo, accumulated in G2-M phases after both acute and chronic irradiation. The dose rate of 37 rad/hour proved to be the most effective in producing G2-M accumulation, which is the sensitive phase of the cell cycle. In comparing the G2 M accumulation to the irradiation time, 55 and 37 rad/hour proved to be similarly efficient in producing G2-M accumulation, both in vitro and in vivo. When survival of HeLa cells in vitro was studied, the radiation-induced changes in cell distribution correlated with cell survival and accounted for the change in the dose rate effect above 1,000 rads. In the case of in vivo HeLa cells, the decrease in the number of G0+G1 stage cells was demonstrated during chronic irradiation (37 and 55 rad/hour). The two low dose rates were equally efficient in producing a decrease in the number of G0 + G1 cells. These data indicate that chronic irradiation induces redistribution and recruitment more effectively than acute irradiation. PMID- 6682132 TI - [Early diagnosis of gynecologic malignancies by immunofluorescent determination of lymphocytes]. PMID- 6682133 TI - Folate turnover in chronically alcoholic monkeys. AB - To study the pathogenesis of folate deficiency in chronic alcoholism, monkeys were fed nutritionally complete liquid diets containing 50% of energy as ethanol for 4 years. The initial excretion and subsequent turnover of a tracer dose of intramuscular 3H-folic acid was measured during a 25-day period prior to autopsy. Within the first 3 days, the excretion of tritium in the urine and feces was significantly greater in the ethanol-fed monkeys than in their pair-fed controls, and most of the folate recovered in the urine of the third day was unchanged 3H folic acid. Analysis of total body tritium retention revealed a rapid phase of elimination (0 to 3 days), in which the half-time of elimination was shorter in the ethanol-fed group, and a slow phase (4 to 25 days) with similar half-times of elimination. At autopsy, the levels and total amounts of endogenous folates in the liver were decreased in the ethanol-fed monkeys, as was the recovery of tritium. These studies suggest that folate deficiency in chronic alcoholism is caused in part by increased urinary and fecal losses and resultant decreased hepatic incorporation of exogenous folate whereas long-term folate turnover is unchanged. PMID- 6682134 TI - Otitis media with effusion in children and its association with deformity of the vomero-ethmoid suture. AB - Fifty children aged between five and eight years of age who have had proven otitis media with effusion have been retrospectively assessed. Twenty-five children who had attended the Casualty Department with head injuries, who have had X-radiography of their skulls as part of their investigation, acted as controls. All the children in this group were selected because they had no otological history. The 50 children comprising the retrospective survey were split into two groups: Group 1, with recurrent secretory otitis media requiring surgical intervention on more than three occasions; Group 2, comprising 25 children who had had up to three surgical interventions. All the children had PA X-radiography of their skulls in order to demonstrate the bony nasal septum. In Group 1, a septal deformity was found to be sited at the middle third of the bony septum at the vomero-ethmoid suture. In Group 2, the deformity was found to involve the whole of the middle third of the bony septum, plus portions of the upper and lower thirds of the bony septum. In the control group, in whom there was no history of otological disease, there was no deformity sited at the middle third of the bony septum. PMID- 6682135 TI - Cyanoacrylate in the repair of cervical pleural injury. PMID- 6682136 TI - Pre-excitation syndrome and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Among one hundred and five consecutive patients with pre-excitation (PE) syndrome studied during a 10-year period, eight had an associated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) (7.62 per cent), eight had a coronary heart disease (7.62 per cent) and nine had a hypertensive heart disease (8.57 per cent). Of the eight patients with HC, four had an asymmetrical form (three of them with an obstructive component), and four a symmetrical form. Seven of these patients had a Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) type of PE and the remainder a Lown-Ganong-Levine type of PE. The incidence of paroxysmal tachycardias in the total group was 56.2% (61/105) and in the patients with associated HC was 62.5% (5/8). One of these latter patients had a concomitant brady-tachy syndrome and a severe obstructive form of HC. He was surgically treated (septal myomectomy and section of accessory atrioventricular pathway). The ECGs and VCGs of the seven patients with the HC WPW type of PE association showed the coexistence of incomplete left bundle branch block of left ventricular hypertrophy patterns. The eight patients with associated HC were closely followed up from two to seven years (total follow-up period 435 patient/months). One of them died suddenly during the 40th month of follow-up. This study suggests that: 1) HC-PE association is not infrequent; 2) the incidence of paroxysmal tachycardias in the subgroup is quite similar to that presented in isolated PE; and 3) the electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic changes in the HC-WPW type of PE association are highly specific. PMID- 6682137 TI - Value of ventricular premature complex (VPC) morphology in the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Experimental and clinical studies have established the value of ventricular premature complexes (VPC) with a QR pattern in the diagnosis of occult antecedent myocardial infarction. However, the clinical significance of a QR pattern VPC in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has not been previously evaluated. In order to study this, we examined the ECGs and 24-hour Holter monitor records of 45 consecutive patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 106 consecutive patients with various other diseases. A QR pattern VPC in the precordial leads with a Q greater than or equal to 40 ms and a Q/R ratio greater than or equal to 0.20 had a specificity of 97%, a sensitivity of 29% and a predictive value of 80% in the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We conclude that a QR pattern VPC may be of value in the eclectic diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and that it is not specific for antecedent myocardial infarction as previously reported. PMID- 6682138 TI - Hormonal influence on diurnal glycogen rhythms in rat skeletal muscles. AB - 1. Normal, diabetic, and sympathectomized rats were killed at intervals during a 12 h light (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.)/12 h dark cycle to determine (1) the patterns of diurnal glycogen rhythms in skeletal muscle fibre types, and (2) if the absence of insulin or the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine abolished these rhythms. 2. Normal rat muscles lost and restored 40-60% of their glycogen stores during one 24-h cycle. Glycogen losses were linear between 6.30 a.m. (acrophase time for all muscles) and 8.30 a.m. and between 8.30 a.m. and nadir points (4.30 p.m. to 8.30 p.m.), but the rates of loss were non-uniform between these time frames and among fibre types. All muscles had similar linear restoration rates. 3. Glycogen stores in most muscles from diabetic and sympathectomized rats exhibited changes similar to those seen in normal animals. 4. Skeletal muscle fibre types have notable and non-uniform diurnal glycogen rhythms that should be considered in the design of metabolic and exercise experiments. These rhythms do not appear to be regulated, either differentially or in toto, either by insulin or by the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine. PMID- 6682139 TI - Fine structure analysis of Pichinde virus nucleocapsids. AB - The structure and organization of the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex of an arenavirus, Pichinde virus, was investigated. The basic configuration of the RNP was found to be a linear array of globular subunits or nucleosomes, 4 to 5 nm in diameter, that represent individual molecules of the major N polypeptide. This filament appears to fold progressively through a number of intermediate helical structures, 12 to 15 nm in diameter, that reveal an increasing number of nucleosomes associated with each turn of the helix. They range from a fragile configuration of two or three nucleosomes per turn to a more stable fibre in which the nucleosomes cannot be resolved. The strands were shown to form closed circles and it appeared that the twisting of these circular forms resulted in the formation of 20 nm-thick fibres which were seen in isolated viral core structures. The association of these RNP structures with other viral components is discussed. PMID- 6682140 TI - Learned helplessness in goldfish under conditions of low shock intensity. PMID- 6682141 TI - Comparative inhibition of trypsins from several species by soybean trypsin inhibitors. AB - Inhibition by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) preparations of trypsins and of total proteolytic activity from several species was compared. Rat, monkey, human, bovine, porcine and mink trypsins were all inhibited 90-100% by SBTI, although there were species differences at low SBTI concentrations. Extent of inhibition of trypsin from the various species did not correlate with SBTI-induced pancreatic enlargement. Total proteolytic activity was inhibited up to 40% in rat, monkey, and human preparations by SBTI, and inhibition curves were similar. SBTIs extracted from unheated soy protein isolate (USPI) or raw soy flour (RSF) were approximately equal in their ability to inhibit human trypsin. SBTI extracted from heated soy protein isolate (SPI) was slightly less effective in inhibiting human trypsin than SBTI from either RSF or USPI. PMID- 6682142 TI - The electrical conductivity of lubricating jellies. PMID- 6682143 TI - Nephrotic syndrome with diffuse mesangial sclerosis in identical twins. PMID- 6682144 TI - Morphine-induced supersensitivity to the effects of naloxone on luteinizing hormone secretion in the male rat. AB - The effects of morphine pretreatment on naloxone-induced increases in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were examined in male rats. After a single morphine injection (10 mg/kg), naloxone (0.5 mg/kg)-induced increases in serum LH levels were initially suppressed (0-3 hr), but returned to normal by 4 hr. Five to 24 hr after morphine pretreatment, however, naloxone-precipitated increases in LH were markedly exaggerated with the peak effect occurring at 6 hr (4 times greater than saline-pretreated controls). In morphine-implanted rats (75-mg pellet, 48 hr earlier), the enhanced sensitivity to naloxone was considerably more dramatic than that found after acute administration. Naloxone-induced increases in serum LH levels were more than 40 to 50 times greater in morphine implanted animals than they were in placebo-implanted rats at the respective ED50 dose. Naloxone dose-response curves revealed that the naloxone ED50 was reduced by either morphine pretreatment regimen, but was much more pronounced in pellet implanted animals [181.6 micrograms/kg in controls; 116.4 micrograms/kg in acutely morphinized animals (P less than .05); and 4.39 micrograms/kg in morphine implanted rats (P less than .001)]. The only distinction between acute and chronic morphine administration was in the magnitude of the shift in the naloxone ED50 as identical peak increases in LH were obtained in both groups. Finally, our data indicate that naloxone-induced increases in serum LH levels can serve as a useful and sensitive means to assess opiate dependence. The mechanisms underlying the morphine-induced enhancement of the effects of naloxone on serum LH levels are not fully understood, but we found no differences in the uptake of naloxone into brain as a function of morphine pretreatment. PMID- 6682145 TI - Follicular development in the sheep after priming with PMSG. AB - The administration of PMSG to sheep early in the oestrous cycle (Days 2 or 3) results in the formation of follicular cysts of varied morphology by Days 8 or 9. These may persist for up to 14 days after injection. If PMSG is given on Day 5 or later approximately 50% of such cysts ovulate. However, when PMSG is given at the beginning of the cycle (Day 2 or 3), the membrana granulosa is lost from the majority of the cysts and the theca interna luteinizes. The major hormone secreted by such luteinized follicles is progesterone. The structure of the steroid-secreting cells of the follicles is similar to that of large luteal cells of granulosa cell origin in cyclic corpora lutea. It is suggested that under suitable luteinizing conditions thecal cells may acquire many of the characteristics of granulosa cells. PMID- 6682146 TI - The antihypertensive and positive inotropic diterpene forskolin: effects of structural modifications on its activity. AB - Four naturally occurring analogues of forskolin were isolated. Forty-nine semisynthetic derivatives were prepared, incorporating structural alterations at the 1-, 6-, 7-, 9-, 11-, and 14/15-positions. Blood pressure lowering properties of 53 compounds were assessed in anesthetized normotensive cats and of 31 compounds in conscious spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. The positive inotropic properties of 25 compounds were investigated in an isolated guinea pig atrial preparation. Forskolin was unique among the compounds in its hypotensive activity in cats and in its positive inotropic properties. Although several derivatives displayed oral antihypertensive activity in the SH rats, none was significantly more potent than forskolin. The optimal structural requirements for activity are apparent, since they are found in forskolin itself. PMID- 6682147 TI - Aporphines. 48. Enantioselectivity of (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-N-n propylnorapomorphine on dopamine receptors. AB - The enantiomers [(S)-(+) and (R)-(-)] of N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) were synthesized. (R)-NPA was obtained by the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of N-n propylnormorphine. (R)-NPA also was converted to (RS)-N-n-propylnorapomorphine dimethyl ether by dehydrogenation of the 10,11-O,O'-dimethyl ether of (R)-NPA with 10% palladium on carbon in acetonitrile, followed by reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride under acidic conditions. Alternatively (RS)-NPA 10,11-O,O' dimethyl ether was obtained via total synthesis. (+)-Dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid was used to resolve (RS)-NPA dimethyl ether. Ether cleavage gave (S)-NPA isolated as the hydrochloride salt in greater than 99.9% enantiomeric purity, as determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The pharmacological activities of (S)- and (R)-NPA were evaluated with subnanomolar concentrations of 3H-labeled apomorphine (APO), ADTN, and spiroperidol (SPR) for competition for binding to a membrane-rich subsynaptosomal fraction of calf caudate nucleus. IC50 (nM) values for (R)-NPA vs. (S)-NPA were as follows: [3H]APO, 2.5 vs. 66; [3H]ADTN, 2.0 vs. 60; [3H]SPR, 174 vs. 1400. The efficacy of (R)- and (S)-NPA in stimulating dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase from both homogenates of rat corpus striatum and pieces of intact carp retina was also evaluated. Three behavioral effects in the rat (stereotyped behavior, sedation, and catalepsy) were also examined. Only (R)-NPA induced stereotypy; (S)-NPA failed to antagonize this action of the R isomer. The effects of (R)- and (S)-NPA on adenylate cyclase agreed with the behavioral effects and radioreceptor binding assays in that the R isomer was the strongly preferred enantiomer at dopamine receptors. The S enantiomer of NPA was, however, the weakly preferred configuration for rat liver catechol O methyltransferase. A dopamine-receptor model accommodates the configuration of NPA and related aporphines. PMID- 6682149 TI - Contraceptives and the new trend in breast-feeding--a causal connection? PMID- 6682148 TI - Post-transcriptional processing of simian virus 40 late transcripts in injected frog oocytes. AB - The capacity of fully grown Xenopus oocytes to process messenger RNA precursors has been assessed using transcripts synthesized from simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA microinjected into the oocyte nucleus. In oocytes, stable transcripts of the SV40 virion protein genes have undergone at least four post-transcriptional maturation steps: cleavage at 3' splice sites, formation of a mature 3' terminus, addition of poly(A), and selective intracellular partitioning, such that only those RNAs with a mature 3' terminus and poly(A) are located in the cytoplasm. Apparently unspliced transcripts with mature 3' termini are transported into the oocyte cytoplasm. A prominent transcript of roughly the full length of SV40 DNA, bearing a 5' terminus in the same region as late mRNA and confined to the nucleus, is found in oocytes injected with SV40 DNA. The possibility that this transcript may serve as a precursor to late mRNA is discussed. PMID- 6682150 TI - Acyclovir. PMID- 6682151 TI - Female urethra: a target for estrogen action. AB - It is not uncommon to use estrogen therapy in patients with urinary stress incontinence. The possibility of a selective action of estrogen in the lower urinary tract was examined. Wet weight of the uterus, vagina and urethra increased significantly, and that of the urinary bladder insignificantly after estradiol treatment of ovariectomized rabbits. When ovariectomized rabbits were injected i.v. with 3H-estradiol, the tritium concentration, determined after 1 hour, was 3 to 4 times higher in urethra, urinary bladder and vagina than that in the muscle. High affinity estradiol receptors (KD approximately 1 X 10(-9) M) could be demonstrated in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions prepared from the female rabbit urethra and bladder. The concentrations of estradiol receptors in the urethra and bladder were about 10 and 20 times lower respectively than those in the uterus. The present evidence for estradiol receptors in the lower urinary tract supports the case for estradiol therapy in urinary incontinence. PMID- 6682152 TI - Combined cis-platinum and radiation therapy in patients with stages pT3 and pT4 bladder cancer: a pilot study. AB - A prospective study was done on 8 patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to evaluate toxicity of an integrated treatment with cis diamminedichloroplatinum (1.6 mg. per kg. body weight 3 times weekly) and 60 gray 60cobalt or 18 mev. photons. Local and systemic toxicity caused by this treatment schedule was minor. Late sequelae consisted of a contracted bladder in 1 patient. The rate of bladders free of tumor after a mean followup of 7.7 months was surprisingly high (6 of 8). PMID- 6682153 TI - Topical idoxuridine in the treatment of genital herpes. PMID- 6682154 TI - Competition or regulation. A critical choice for organized medicine. PMID- 6682155 TI - Promising agents for limiting renal damage. PMID- 6682156 TI - Effect of heparin on lipoprotein profile during parenteral fat infusions. AB - Long-term administration of Intralipid to infants raises the potential risk of cumulative hyperlipemia. The elimination of lipoproteins from the blood during 3 hours of Intralipid infusion (0.33 grams per kilogram per hour) was investigated in five term infants during two infusion periods without and with heparin. A single intravenous injection of heparin (100 micron per kilogram) preceded the period of Intralipid infusion. During the nonheparin periods levels of triglycerides (L-particles) rose progressively to 1320 +/- 133 milligrams per 100 milliliters plasma, whereas during the heparin periods levels rose more moderately and peaked at 636 +/- 197 milligrams per 100 milliliter plasma (p less than 0.001-0.05). The study suggests that the heparin effect is still apparent for a period of 6 hours and repeated bolus injections may keep triglyceride levels at approximately normal concentrations during constant Intralipid infusion (0.166 grams per kilograms per hour). PMID- 6682157 TI - Transcellular movement and intracellular concentration of sodium in erythrocytes after surgery and in seriously ill patients. AB - Erythrocyte intracellular sodium concentration and transmembrane sodium flux were measured in nine healthy patients undergoing uncomplicated elective abdominal surgery. Intracellular sodium concentration was determined by in vitro washing of cells in a solution approximating to intracellular constituents and measuring extracellular sodium contamination with 51Cr EDTA. Sodium flux was determined by radioactive 22Na tracer both as influx and efflux. No change in erythrocyte intracellular sodium concentration or in sodium flux was found postoperatively. In 14 seriously ill surgical patients, all of whom had plasma sodium levels outside the tolerance range of our surgical population, erythrocyte intracellular sodium concentration decreased, but not significantly, compared with patients undergoing uncomplicated surgery (p = 0.16). Furthermore, sodium flux in seriously ill patients was proportional to intracellular sodium concentration. These results are at variance with the hypothesis of 'sick cell syndrome' which is said to be typified by a high intracellular sodium concentration and a reduced sodium efflux. In the surgical patients studied, it is more likely this hyponatremia does not result from a change in sodium flux but is dilutional. PMID- 6682158 TI - Limited value of nephelometry in monitoring the administration of intravenous fat in neonates. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of nephelometry in predicting hyperlipidemia in neonates receiving intravenous fat (IVF), 23 infants in our neonatal intensive care nursery had simultaneous measurements of the serum IVF level (as determined by nephelometry), triglyceride, cholesterol, and free fatty acid/albumin molar ratio. There was a positive correlation between the serum IVF level and triglycerides, but the IVF level did not reliably predict elevated triglycerides, cholesterol, or free fatty acid-albumin molar ratio. Thus, neonates receiving IVF emulsions cannot be monitored by nephelometry alone. Adequate monitoring requires measurement of specific lipid fractions. PMID- 6682159 TI - [Immunosuppressive therapy of aspecific types of enterocolitis]. AB - Azathioprine is the most common immunosuppressive drug in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and M. Crohn. Usually it is given in combination with steroids. The effectiveness sets in three month after the start of therapy. It consists in a steroid saving effect and in reduction of relapses. These properties establish the indication for its selection use in cases of frequent relapsing total colitis or M. Crohn. Acute side effects are below 10%, they almost are reversible. It is an open question, if the immunotherapy rises the cancer risk over the elevated cancer risk of treated diseases. PMID- 6682160 TI - [Thrombocyte morphology and function during high-dose immunoglobulin therapy in acute and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. 1]. AB - We examined the effectiveness of a high-dose Immunglobulin therapy in 8 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and measured the number, the morphology and the function of Thrombocytes as well as thrombocyte dependent clotting parameters. 0.5 g/kg/B.W. 7s-Immunglobulin (7s-IgG) per treatment led to normal thrombocyte numbers in 7 out of 8 patients. The maximal thrombocyte-rise occurred on the 4th-10th day of treatment. Simultaneously bleeding time, thrombocyte-volume distribution frequency and Ristozetin-ADP and Collagen induced thrombocyte-aggregation normalized-indication as well as cause of the 7s-IgG therapy are discussed. PMID- 6682161 TI - Treatment of advanced malignant hemangiopericytoma with combination adriamycin and DTIC: a report of four cases. AB - One patient with a large inoperable malignant hemangiopericytoma and three patients with local recurrence and/or metastases were treated with combination adriamycin, 50 mg/m2, and DTIC, 600-700 mg/m2, intravenously every 4 weeks. Two achieved palliation, one with measureable shrinkage of tumor, and the other with loss of incapacitating lower limb edema secondary to vascular and lymphatic obstruction. The third patient objectively had a less than partial response. The fourth patient did not respond to adriamycin and DTIC or to a subsequent trial of cis-platinum, 60 mg/m2, intravenously every 3 weeks. However, radiotherapy produced an objective response at the site of the local recurrence and relief of painful bone metastases. Two patients died of progressive disease; the third patient has stable disease and is continuing chemotherapy; and the fourth patient died, probably from adriamycin-induced cardiac failure in the presence of rapidly advancing intraabdominal metastases. The combination of adriamycin and DTIC is active in malignant hemangiopericytoma, and palliation of advanced disease can be achieved. However, prolonged survival is uncommon in the presence of a large tumor burden. PMID- 6682162 TI - [Antagonism of straightening and stereotyped behavior and of hypothermia induced by 1 or 16 mg/kg-1 of apomorphine]. PMID- 6682164 TI - [Use of a long transmyringeal drainage tube gives increased possibility to normal life]. PMID- 6682163 TI - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits proliferation of human promyelocytic leukaemia (HL60) cells and induces monocyte-macrophage differentiation in HL60 and normal human bone marrow cells. AB - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces monocyte-macrophage differentiation and inhibits proliferation of cells from the human promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL60. Similarly human bone marrow progenitor cells differentiate preferentially along the monocyte-macrophage pathway when incubated in the presence of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. We suggest that the inhibition of growth which occurs after addition of the vitamin to HL60 might be paralleled in vivo by inhibition of proliferation of leukaemic cells; also we speculate that the vitamin may be involved in the control of both monocyte-macrophage and osteoclast production in vivo. PMID- 6682165 TI - Recurrent acute otitis media in infants--role of immune complexes acquired in utero. AB - Ten infants experiencing recurring episodes of acute otitis media with associated otitis media with effusion while on human breast milk afford a study of the role of possible immune complexes acquired in utero through the mother's allergic diathesis. Seven of the 10 children were on the breast when first seen. Challenge feeding tests determined the mothers' hypersensitivities. Those infants breast fed by mothers exhibiting positive challenges to specific foods, manifest allergic responses themselves following the first breast feeding after the mothers' challenge. A cessation of episodes of AcOM and OME occurred in five of the series as foods proven to be offenders were eliminated from the mother's and child's diet. Degrees of failure were experienced in the remainder, varying as to the severity and cause. PMID- 6682166 TI - Influence of clonidine on the acute dependence response elicited in naive rats by naloxone. AB - Clonidine has been used successfully in the treatment of opiate dependence. The discomforting effects of withdrawal are attenuated by the drug. The question of whether the more central process of dependence is affected by clonidine was tested in the present study. Change in plasma corticosterone was used as the indication of the stress of acute withdrawal from morphine. Conscious, unrestrained male rats showed a dose-related, though somewhat delayed, increase in plasma corticosterone after clonidine (0.01-0.1 mg/kg). The suggested mechanism for this effect involves presynaptic inhibition of noradrenergic neurons inhibiting CRF (corticotropin-releasing factor) release. Similar animals showed an elevation of plasma corticosterone after naloxone (0.4 mg/kg) was administered 3 hrs following a single morphine-priming (10 mg/kg). The naloxone precipitated response was unaffected by clonidine (0.04 mg/kg). This dose of clonidine did not substitute for morphine-priming to produce the naloxone precipitated response. The data suggests that clonidine elevated plasma corticosterone by an indirect mechanism. Further, the stress associated with acute withdrawal is unaffected by clonidine suggesting that the drug does not alter dependence development. PMID- 6682167 TI - Effects of central monoamine compounds on tranylcypromine-induced barbital withdrawal convulsions. AB - Challenge with tranylcypromine (Tcp) during barbital (B) withdrawal induces dose related clonic-tonic convulsion (C-TC), which is also related to the severity of withdrawal signs and their changes with the passage of time. The effects of neuropharmacological agents on the Tcp-induced convulsions were observed. dl Propranolol, phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine and methysergide had been administered intraperitoneally 20 approximately 30 minutes before Tcp challenge. B-withdrawn rats had been pretreated with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, 5 hydroxytryptophan, p-chlorophenylalanine or reserpine, or with the combination of iproniazid and reserpine (5 hrs after iproniazid administration) before Tcp challenge. alpha-MT and dl-propranolol inhibited B withdrawal convulsion markedly, though high doses of dl-propranolol rather tended to show a less effect on the convulsion. alpha-Adrenoceptor blockers scarcely inhibited the convulsion. Methysergide or 5-HTP failed to inhibit, but PCPA intensified the convulsion. Reserpine, when administered alone, aggravated the convulsion, but when administered after iproniazid, inhibited it significantly. These findings suggested that the balance between the activities of noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons might be of importance in the manifestation of B withdrawal convulsions, the former probably being excitatory and the latter, inhibitory. PMID- 6682168 TI - Differences in the stress response of prolactin in young and aged female rats. AB - The drawing of blood by orbital sinus puncture (OSP) under ether anesthesia is known to produce a marked increase in serum prolactin (PRL levels in young cycling female rats. The effect of this stressful procedure on PRL release was compared in young and aged female rats. Nonstressed PRL levels were obtained from blood drawn by decapitation. Whereas OSP with a one-minute ether exposure induced a marked increase in PRL levels in young rats on all days of the estrus cycle, older cycling female rats on the day of diestrus -1 and aged rats exhibiting prolonged diestrus (PD) showed virtually no increase above nonstressed levels. However, increasing the ether exposure time to five minutes did produce a rise in PRL levels. Old cycling female rats on the day of estrus and aged rats exhibiting constant estrus (CE) did show a PRL increase comparable to that seen in young animals. Ovariectomy (OVX) completely abolished the stress response seen in aged CE rats. The response, though markedly decreased, was still present in young ovariectomized rats. These experiments show that the stress-induced rise in PRL promoted by OSP under either anesthesia is markedly diminished in aged rats exhibiting a diestrus state. The attenuated response seen in these rats is believed due to factors characteristic of the diestrous state of aging. PMID- 6682169 TI - Effect of breast-feeding status on prolactin secretion and resumption of menstruation. AB - This study investigated prospectively the effect of supplementary breast feeding on the duration of lactational amenorrhoea and serum prolactin levels during prolonged breast feeding in a group of 34 Australian mothers. Although supplementary feeding correlated statistically with the decline in mean serum prolactin levels and the subsequent resumption of menstruation, critical analysis of the data revealed that serum prolactin levels were declining with time before the introduction of supplementary feeding. It was concluded that the resumption of menstruation during prolonged lactational amenorrhoea is associated with the introduction of supplementary infant feeding, but other factors may be more important in this process. The good correlation between the decline in serum prolactin levels and the return of cyclic ovarian activity in individual mothers suggests that measurement of serum prolactin level may be a useful predictive index for returning fertility during breast feeding. PMID- 6682170 TI - 2-Fluoroestradiol. Separation of estrogenicity from carcinogenicity. AB - Estrogenic and carcinogenic activity are shown to be separable properties. 2 Fluoroestradiol, a modified estrogen, did not induce renal clear-cell carcinoma in male Syrian hamsters despite its estrogenic potency, which is comparable to that of estradiol. 4-Fluoroestradiol, also a potent estrogen, did induce renal clear-cell carcinoma in this animal model, but more slowly than estradiol. 2,4 Dideuterioestradiol was found to be as estrogenic and also as carcinogenic as estradiol itself. PMID- 6682171 TI - The effect of ethyl-, methyl- and hydroxyethyl-nitrosourea on the mouse testis. AB - Hybrid male 101 X C3HF1 mice were given intraperitoneal injections of methyl-, ethyl- and hydroxyethyl-nitrosourea and killed 3-16 days later. All compounds were similar in that all differentiating spermatogonia from type A1 to early type B were killed by 50 mg/kg and higher doses of ENU and by 75 mg/kg MNU. Cells exposed in leptotene to 100 and 250 mg/kg ENU and 455 mg/kg HENU showed a delayed response with degeneration in pachytene 5 days later. Labeling prior to exposure to ENU indicated that the effect of stage of the mitotic cycle on sensitivity to cell killing is less marked than for radiation. This may be the explanation for the s-shaped mutation induction curve obtained with ENU in contrast to the humped dose-response curve observed for radiation. PMID- 6682172 TI - Caffeine pretreatment enhances the unscheduled DNA synthesis in spermatids of mice exposed to methyl methanesulfonate. PMID- 6682173 TI - Evaluation of a human hepatoma cell line as a target cell in genetic toxicology. AB - A cell line derived from a human hepatoblastoma, HepG2, was examined for its ability to activate cyclophosphamide (CY) to a genotoxic form. Metabolism of CY to genotoxic product(s) was determined by the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE). The dose-dependent response pattern in HepG2 was compared to the patterns obtained by three other mammalian cell lines. HepG2 and a rat hepatoma cell line, H4-II-E, show similar dose-dependent increases of induced SCE, whereas non-hepatic-derived fibroblast lines show little or no CY-induced SCE. Microsomal enzyme activities characteristic of cytochromes P450 and P448 and epoxide hydrolase were examined in the two hepatoma cell lines and compared to levels in rat liver microsomal preparations. Although no cultured cell line can be a universal surrogate for in vivo metabolism, we propose that HepG2 may be useful to determine in a qualitative manner whether human cells possess the ability to activate a chemical to a genetically damaging form. PMID- 6682174 TI - The pattern of damage to the oogenetic series of cells after a single feeding of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum to Habrobracon females. AB - A single meal of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) fed to virgin braconid wasps decreased drastically the number of eggs derived from oogonia. In contrast, most of the larger oocytes completed oogenesis even after a dose which shortened average lifespan to 1/3 its normal length. Temporary infecundity resulted from the destruction of the germarial cells which produced the 32 cystocytes per follicle (1 oocyte and 31 trophocytes) by mitosis. As determined by egg hatchability, oogonia were the most vulnerable cell type to DDP in the ovariole sequence. Therefore, oogonial vulnerability to DDP was demonstrated by failure to complete both gametogenesis and embryogenesis. In combination with gamma radiation, DPP reduced egg production and hatchability below the values obtained from either agent used alone. However, the decreases were moderate, as expected from additivity of effect. A difference from the results from either radiation or several types of alkylating agents appeared in the proportion of early embryonic deaths. Deaths during cleavage predominated in every daily sample of eggs treated with DDP as oocytes. Usually only the eggs laid the first 2 days after treatment are characterized by a large number of 'stage 1' deaths. PMID- 6682175 TI - Normal parathyroid hormone activity in hypercalcemia associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6682176 TI - Beneficial effects of prostaglandin E1 in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6682177 TI - More on bimanual dexterity in baseball players. PMID- 6682178 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of babesiosis and Lyme disease. PMID- 6682179 TI - Investigations into the biology of three 'phycomycotic' agents pathogenic for horses in Australia. AB - Although 'phycomycosis' is a common disease of horses in northern Australia little is known about the causative fungi. In this paper the laboratory methods for diagnosis are described. These revealed 38 cases caused by Pythium sp. (Hyphomyces destruens), 6 cases caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus and 2 caused by Conidiobolus coronatus. Laboratory studies on the chemotatic behaviour of zoospores of Pythium sp. showed that they were strongly attracted to both animal hairs and plant tissue. Because of this behaviour a simple baiting method using human hair was used to trap the fungus from water samples taken from different locations near Townsville, Queensland. B. haptosporus was isolated by indirect culture from the faeces of 5 bearded dragon lizards (Amphibolurus barbatus) captured near a small creek near Brisbane. By combining previously published information with data obtained in the present study, ecological life-cycles for Pythium sp., B. haptosporus and C. coronatus are proposed. They include mechanisms whereby horses may become infected. PMID- 6682180 TI - Fine structural studies of the Chrysosporium state of Renispora flavissima. AB - Aspects of the fine structural characteristics of conidial and hyphal cells of the imperfect Chrysosporium state of the newly reported gymnoascaceous fungus, Renispora flavissima, are described and illustrated by electron micrographs of ultrathin sections. Preservation of the substructure of the thick-walled, smooth to tuberculate conidia was best achieved after fixation in permanganate. The conidial wall consisted of two conspicuous zones (or layers) of varying thickness, texture, and electron opacity. The tuberculate ornamatations arose as extensions of the electron opaque outer zone. The outer layer(s) of the conidial wall proper was continuous with an outer wall layer of the conidiogenous hypha. The conidial cytoplasm was cytologically complex containing numerous but typical fungal inclusions and organelles scattered throughout. This ultrastructural feature of the tuberculate conidia of the Chrysosporium sp. differs from that observed for the morphologically similar large tuberculate conidia of the zoopathogenic Histoplasma capsulatum. PMID- 6682181 TI - Ethanol-induced chromosomal abnormalities at conception. AB - Preliminary findings have indicated that mouse eggs exposed briefly in vivo or in vitro to a dilute solution of ethanol activate parthenogenetically. Cytogenetic analysis of the first-cleavage chromosomes of haploid parthenogenetic embryos indicated that up to 20% of this population were aneuploid as a result of non disjunction. Anaesthetics also can induce parthenogenesis of rodent eggs, and in studies using anaesthetics, colchicine and colcemid, abnormal chromosome segregation and heteroploidy of rodent embryos have been observed. I now report that when recently mated female mice are given a dilute solution of ethanol by mouth, non-disjunction can be induced in the female-derived, but apparently not in the male-derived, chromosome set of fertilized eggs. Taken together, these findings suggest that ethanol consumption (as well as exposure to other 'spindle acting' agents) at the time of conception may be the cause of certain types of chromosomal defects commonly observed in human spontaneous abortions. PMID- 6682182 TI - Direct evidence for microfilament-mediated capping of surface receptors on crawling fibroblasts. AB - On moving fibroblasts, cell-surface receptors cross-linked by antibodies or lectins are cleared centripetally from regions of lamellar cytoplasm and collect as a cap over the perinuclear region. Current theories of the mechanism of receptor redistribution on cultured cells variously implicate membrane flow, lipid flow, surface waves and linkage to the cytoskeleton. The last, the anchorage model, is based on observations that ligand-induced clusters of receptors on a variety of cell types either attach to actin or align over structures containing actin, myosin and alpha-actinin. I show here that the capping of antibody receptors on crawling chick embryo fibroblasts is highly coordinated with the apparent centripetal movements of arcs, which are part of a dorsal cortical actin-microfilament sheath (DCMS). This phenomenon can be directly observed in living cells. The data support the anchorage model of membrane receptor mobility and suggest that there is a continuous flow of actin associated with fibroblast locomotion. PMID- 6682183 TI - Novel form of drug-dependence--on adenosine in guinea pig ileum. AB - There is evidence that dependence on opiates occurs in neurones bearing their specific receptors, whose activation inhibits the neurone. Thus, incubation of guinea pig ileum with an opiate induces in the final cholinergic motoneurone of the myenteric plexus a dependence that closely resembles in basic characteristics opiate dependence in whole animals. A comparable, but distinct dependence can be induced by incubating the ileum with clonidine. Since adenosine also inhibits the final cholinergic motoneurone, by activating a specific purine receptor, we have tested whether it, too, can induce a distinct dependence in this neurone. To demonstrate dependence, we challenged the ileum by removing drug or by adding the selective purine receptor antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline, which does not substantially inhibit phosphodiesterase, or caffeine. We found that incubation of the ileum with adenosine, or with the more potent derivative, 2-chloroadenosine, induced a novel form of drug dependence, made manifest by withdrawal of inducing drug, but not by antagonists of opiates or clonidine. PMID- 6682184 TI - [Effect of postoperative bromocriptine treatment for prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas]. PMID- 6682186 TI - Brain development in experimental hyperphenylalaninaemia: disturbed proliferation and reduced cell numbers in the cerebellum. PMID- 6682185 TI - Biochemical indices of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neuronal activity during lactation: a lack of response to prolactin. PMID- 6682187 TI - Fetal muscle characteristics in nemaline myopathy. AB - In addition to the intracytoplasmic rods in approximately 1/4 muscle fibers, there were a large number of fibers with fetal muscle characteristics in a female infant who had severe muscle weakness and hypotonia, and failure to thrive since birth. A histochemical examination disclosed abnormal distribution in muscle fiber types including remarkable type 1 fiber predominance and increased number of type 2 C fibers (11.4%). Scattered throughout were fibers consisting of multiple myocytes enclosed in a single basement membrane, and small-calibered fibers containing abundant intermediate (skeleton) filaments and dispersed microtubules. Both were histologically identical to premature fibers found in the fetal muscle. The existence of an increased number of satellite cells as compared with age-matched controls was also suggestive of delayed or arrested muscle fiber maturation. A certain impaired neural influence upon the developing muscle is probably responsible for producing abnormal fiber type distribution and immature small-calibered fibers which account for small muscle bulk and muscle weakness in nemaline myopathy. PMID- 6682188 TI - Natural history of microprolactinomas: six-year follow-up. AB - A 6-year follow-up of patients harboring microprolactinomas suggests that few patients (3 of 27) demonstrate significant growth of their tumor during this time. The major hazard for such patients who are not treated seems to be their risk for the development of premature osteoporosis in the face of sustained hyperprolactinemia. The risks of this complication may exceed the risks of early surgical intervention in selected patients. This short term risk of tumor growth (about 10%) must be weighed in the decision about therapeutic endeavors. PMID- 6682189 TI - Auditory brainstem evoked potentials during sleep apnea. AB - Auditory brainstem evoked potentials (ABEPs) were recorded from seven subjects with predominantly central sleep apnea. ABEPs were recorded during: (1) waking, (2) non-REM sleep between apneic episodes, (3) first half of apneas, and (4) second half of apneas. Latencies of vertex positive peaks III, V, and VI as well as the V-III interpeak latency difference were determined, and the effect of apnea phase on these measures were evaluated. The measures studied did not reveal chronic or acute functional abnormality of auditory brainstem, which may result from or cause apneic episodes during non-REM sleep. The normality and stability of ABEPs during apneic sleep indicate effective compensatory mechanisms in auditory brainstem. Brainstem functional changes associated with central apneas may not be reflected in the ABEP measures studied, unless they are part of a more extensive dysfunction. PMID- 6682190 TI - The relation of cerebral vasospasm to the extent and location of subarachnoid blood visualized by CT scan: a prospective study. AB - In 41 cases of verified ruptured saccular aneurysm, we prospectively predicted the presence or absence of delayed symptomatic cerebral vasospasm. CT criteria quantifying the extent and location of subarachnoid blood (developed in our previous retrospective study) were used in this prospective series of patients. Twenty-two patients had recognizable subarachnoid clots larger than 3 X 5 mm or layers of blood more than 1 mm thick (measured on reproduced images). In 20 of the 22 patients with severe significant clot or thick layer, severe vasospasm was correctly predicted and localized (2 false positives). In 19 patients with no blood, or diffuse blood, or blood outside the subarachnoid space, the absence of severe vasospasm was correctly predicted in 14 (5 false negatives). All of the false-positive and false-negative cases could be explained by inadequate CT technique. The data indicate that the extent and location of blood in the subarachnoid space determine the severity and location of vasospasm and that patients in jeopardy of developing symptomatic cerebral vasospasm can now be identified. Early preventive measures may now be assessed more accurately. PMID- 6682191 TI - Infantile osteopetrosis and neuronal storage disease. AB - Infantile osteopetrosis often presents with neurologic symptoms that cannot always be attributed to primary bone disease of the skull. We studied an infant with osteopetrosis and pathologic evidence of neuronal and axonal changes. This is the third case in which primary parenchymal disease of the brain was associated with infantile osteopetrosis and the first in which neuronal cytoplasmic storage was documented by light and electronmicroscopy. The simultaneous occurrence of two rare autosomal-recessive disorders, each possibly caused by an inherited lysosomal enzyme deficiency, may not be fortuitous. PMID- 6682192 TI - Postural hypotension and low R-R interval variability in parkinsonism, spino cerebellar degeneration, and Shy-Drager syndrome. AB - Systolic blood pressure, mean R-R interval, and R-R interval variance were studied in patients with Parkinson's disease, spinocerebellar degeneration, and Shy-Drager syndrome. Postural hypotension correlated with anhidrosis (p less than 0.05), indicating sympathetic vasomotor dysfunction. Reduction of R-R interval variance while resting supine correlated with bladder-bowel dysfunction (p less than 0.05), indicating parasympathetic impairment. Reduction of R-R interval variance after postural changes correlated with constipation (p less than 0.005), postural hypotension (p less than 0.05), and anhidrosis (p less than 0.05), indicating both parasympathetic and sympathetic involvement. Dynamic study of the R-R interval provides objective information about autonomic function in neurologic disease. PMID- 6682193 TI - Treatment of Parkinson's disease with 8-alpha-amino-ergoline, CU 32-085. AB - 8-alpha-amino-ergoline (CU 32-085) is a dopamine receptor agonist that should have fewer side effects than most other dopamine agonists. We studied the effect of this drug in 19 parkinsonian patients. In untreated or levodopa-treated patients, there was considerable improvement of akinesia, rigidity, and tremor; on-off symptoms also improved in the levodopa-treated patients. In patients pretreated with levodopa/bromocriptine, about half the dose of CU 32-085 was necessary to obtain the same therapeutic results, but there was no further improvement of on-off symptoms. Side effects were less pronounced than with bromocriptine; no circulatory disturbances and no psychotic episodes were observed. PMID- 6682194 TI - Cerebral hemisphere asymmetry in CT and functional recovery from hemiplegia. AB - Cerebral hemispheric asymmetries were assessed in relation to motor and functional recovery in nine patients with stroke. All were globally aphasic, assuring similar location and extent of lesion. Initial motor and functional ability were appraised from medical records and compared with neurologic and functional outcome. Frontal and occipital hemispheric widths and lengths were determined from CT. Patients were classified into three groups on the basis of mean combined asymmetry for width (typical asymmetry, atypical asymmetry, and equal symmetry). Patients with the most atypical cerebral asymmetries showed greater recovery than patients in other groups. Two patients with atypical mean occipital asymmetry (width) fared best functionally, whereas the patient who showed the greatest motor recovery had the most atypical mean occipital asymmetry (width). Cerebral asymmetries may contribute to recovery after stroke. PMID- 6682195 TI - Retrograde transport in corticospinal neurons after spinal cord transection. AB - Complete spinal cord transection at T-6/T-7 in rats caused a decrease in the number of surviving corticospinal neurons. Cell death began 5 and 10 weeks after cord injury. The number of surviving cells decreased progressively for at least 25 weeks after injury. Surviving cells were identified by their ability to transport horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde from a T-1/T-2 insertion site to cortical cell somas. Therapy aimed at promoting corticospinal tract regeneration must be started early after spinal cord injury. PMID- 6682196 TI - Improvement in neuropsychological performance in patients with refractory seizures after intensive diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. AB - Tests of cognitive, perceptual, motor, and memory function were administered to patients with refractory seizures before and after intensive treatment on a specialized epilepsy unit. Improved test performance related to withdrawal of barbiturates and an overall reduction in the number of antiepileptic drugs but not with reduction of seizure frequency. PMID- 6682197 TI - Syndrome of continuous muscle-fiber activity: increased CSF GABA and effect of dantrolene. AB - In a patient with a syndrome of continuous muscle fiber activity, peripheral nerve block completely abolished the EMG discharges. Reduction of spontaneous discharges by epidural block and demonstration of a silent period after the H response suggested that the disorder may originate in the spinal cord or ventral roots, sparing inhibitory influences on the alpha-motoneuron to some extent. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) content in CSF was remarkably increased. Therapeutically, dantrolene sodium was as effective as phenytoin or carbamazepine. PMID- 6682198 TI - Psychogenic seizures: a clinical study with follow-up data. AB - We evaluated the natural history and prognosis of psychogenic or hysterical seizures in patients discharged from the Johns Hopkins Hospital in the 3 years between 1971 and 1974. Follow-up data were obtained 5 years or more after discharge. Among 41 patients with convincing evidence of psychogenic seizures, there were coexisting organic neurologic disorders in 18 (44%). Mental subnormality or retardation was present in 17% and true epileptic seizures in 37%. EEG abnormalities found in 38% of individuals with psychogenic seizures were attributed to these organic neurologic disorders or anticonvulsant drug toxicity. There was significant long-term morbidity in 56% of these individuals because of psychosocial problems rather than misdiagnosis of psychogenic seizures. PMID- 6682199 TI - Evidence for epilepsy is rare in patients with psychogenic seizures. PMID- 6682200 TI - Nervous system complications of relapsing polychondritis. PMID- 6682201 TI - Beneficial effects of dantrolene in the treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a report of two cases. AB - Two schizophrenic patients developed muscular rigidity, stupor, and hyperpyrexia consistent with neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 8 to 10 days after starting haloperidol therapy. Muscle rigidity was not affected by etybenzatropine or diazepam, but dantrolene, a direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant, provided muscle relaxation with a concomitant decrease of fever and serum creatine kinase. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and malignant hyperthermia are clinically similar, and dantrolene is effective in both; suggesting a muscular origin of fever in these two diseases. PMID- 6682202 TI - Motor aphasia unaccompanied by faciobrachial weakness. AB - Most patients with motor aphasia resulting from lesions of the left frontal opercular region have weakness of the right face and arm. We report a 43-year-old man who suffered mutism and agraphia unaccompanied by right-sided weakness after embolic infarction of Broca's area. PMID- 6682203 TI - Amitriptyline in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 6682204 TI - Inhibitory effect of central vision on occipital lobe seizures. PMID- 6682205 TI - Loss of nLC neurons. PMID- 6682207 TI - Whiplash amnesia. PMID- 6682206 TI - Pseudomigraine with CSF lymphocytosis. PMID- 6682208 TI - American Academy of Neurology. 35th annual meeting. San Diego, California, April 24-30, 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6682209 TI - [Pre- and post-operative sexual problems in aortic surgery]. PMID- 6682210 TI - [Fixed subvalvular aortic stenosis. Monodimensional echocardiographic findings]. AB - 19 patients affected by discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis were studied by M mode echocardiography. The diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterism and angiocardiography and by anatomic evidence in operative room. The most frequent echocardiographic pattern was the abnormal protosystolic movement of aortic valve leaflets, that was found in all the patients. A discrete linear echo in the outflow tract of the left ventricle was observed in almost half of the cases. In 40% of the cases the left ventricular outflow tract was narrowed. The relations between these echocardiographic patterns and the anatomical kinds of discrete subaortic stenosis are discussed. No correlations were found between echocardiographic patterns and severity of the subaortic stenosis. PMID- 6682211 TI - [Echographic monitoring of uterine myomatosis in pregnancy]. PMID- 6682212 TI - [Clinical results of the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis with azanidazole]. PMID- 6682213 TI - Treatment of common gynecologic-endocrinologic symptoms by allergy management procedures. PMID- 6682214 TI - Urothromboplastin evidence for similarity between urothromboplastin and human brain thromboplastin. AB - Urothromboplastin (UP) is a lipoprotein similar to Human Brain Thromboplastin (HBrTPL), the specific activity being bound to the presence of the whole complex. UP is found in normal human urine to be macroaggregates, therefore the substance is eluted from the Sepharose 2 B column immediately after the void volume and is found in the bottom of the tube after ultracentrifugation. In polyacrylamidgelelectrophoresis UP does not enter the gel and the UP activity can be eluted from the top of the gel. Natrium-desoxycholate reduces the activity of UP greatly, however after removal of this substance the original activity could be regained. There are similarities between UP and HBrTPL: In the same way as HBrTPL UP acts in the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation system, some evidence for binding of factor VII to UP in the presence of calcium could be found. Anti apoprotein III antiserum (anti-HBrTPL antiserum) neutralizes UP, depending on the concentration of the antiserum. The same antiserum precipitates with UP using the immunodiffusion method. PMID- 6682215 TI - Potential for genetic damage from multivitamin solutions exposed to phototherapy illumination. AB - The ability of standard phototherapy illumination to produce damage in intracellular DNA is well established. In this study, the addition of a dilute solution (1:6400) of a clinically-used multivitamin concentrate to human KB cells was found to enhance the generation of single-strand DNA breaks produced by broad spectrum fluorescent light. The effect of the exogenous photosensitizing agent (multivitamins) was blocked by the enzyme catalase; thus, the photoproduct responsible for the DNA modification was hydrogen peroxide, an extremely reactive molecule capable of damaging a variety of biologic macromolecules. PMID- 6682216 TI - The clinical significance of placental villous edema. AB - A study was undertaken to determine why there is such variability in morbidity and mortality in neonates exposed to antenatal chorioamnionitis. Villous edema provides a clue. It was present in 72/83 placentas with chorioamnionitis. The extent and severity of the edema had a strong, positive correlation with cord arterial blood pH values, low Apgar scores, the need to resuscitate vigorously at birth, the subsequent need for assisted ventilation, the frequency of hyaline membrane disease, and neonatal mortality. Most of the difference in morbidity and mortality between preterm and full-term infants was related to the greater severity and extent of villous edema in those born prematurely. PMID- 6682217 TI - Bilirubin 20 mg/dL = vigintiphobia. PMID- 6682218 TI - Postoperative ketotic hyperglycemia during prostaglandin E1 infusion in infancy. PMID- 6682219 TI - [Suppurative-septic diseases in newborn infants whose mothers suffer from mastitis]. PMID- 6682220 TI - Recognition coupled responses of the monocyte: activation of coagulation pathways. PMID- 6682221 TI - The patient with dysmenorrhea. AB - Although dysmenorrhea is a common gynecologic complaint, adolescents and young women frequently believe that no therapy is available and do not seek medical help. Diagnostic and therapeutic advances now allow the physician to effectively evaluate and treat patients with menstrually related discomfort. Although treatment of dysmenorrhea represents a challenge to the physician, careful assessment of the pain combined with application of new therapeutic modalities can result in successful treatment of patients who would have formerly lived with their discomfort. PMID- 6682222 TI - [Effect of acute parlodel load on the prolactin and STH content in patients with various neuroendocrine diseases]. AB - The results are presented of the treatment of 31 females with different hypothalamic-hypophyseal abnormalities: persisting lactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome, acromegaly, hypothalamic syndrome, lactorrhea syndrome without amenorrhea. The effect of parlodel acute load on STH and the blood serum prolactin content was studied. It was concluded, that parlodel acute load produces a marked decrease in the prolactin level 2 hours after the drug injection both in the patients with an originally elevated prolactin level, and in the subjects, having the prolactin level within normal. Significant changes in the STH level were not observed 2 hours after parlodel load. PMID- 6682223 TI - [Characteristics of growth hormone secretion in the hyperprolactinemia syndrome]. AB - A low basal level of growth hormone (GH) was determined by radioimmunoassay in studying GH basal content, the circadian rhythm and the response to glucose load in patients with hyperprolactinemia. In subjects with hypophyseal adenoma, an anomalous GH response to glucose load and the disturbance of its circadian rhythm are seen. In patients not suffering from hypophyseal adenoma, the circadian curve of GH content is similar to the normal one on a lower level. A pronounced GH response to glucose load is absent in these patients. PMID- 6682224 TI - [Characteristics of the course of hypothyroidism in the galactorrhea syndrome]. AB - The results of investigation and treatment of 8 patients with initial hypothyrosis, galactorrhea and disturbed menstrual function are presented. The initial hypothyrosis in patients with galactorrhea may have a latent form and/or be combined with intracellular hypophyseal tumor. Sometimes the first sign of the syndrome mentioned is abnormal lactation. The prolactin level is elevated in these patients and its depot increased. In latent hypothyrosis the thyrotropin content is within normal, its response to thyroliberin stimulation being enhanced and prolonged. Thyroid hormone therapy is effective in these patients. It was concluded that thyroid hormone substituting therapy is an adequate method for the treatment of initial hypothyrosis, galactorrhea and disordered menstrual function. PMID- 6682225 TI - [Gonadotropic activity of the hypophysis of rats with continuous estrus induced by autotransplantation of the ovaries into the medium with low temperature]. AB - Gonadotropic activity of the adult rat hypophyses with continuous estrus (CE), induced by ovarian autotransplantation into the concha auriculae was studied. The "summary" gonadotropin content in the hypophyses of CE rats, determined on experimental infantile young rats, was higher than in intact estrous animals. LH level, examined by radioimmunoassay, was also higher than in intact estrous rats. LH content was lower in the blood of CE rats, as compared with that of intact estrual animals. In control female rats, prolonged reserpine administration led to the sexual cycle cessation and diestrus arising during 13 days Reserpine did not influence CE in the majority of rats. The drug interrupted CE in some animals not more than for 2 days, followed by CE recovery. The absence of a true reserpine effect upon CE was indicative of estrogenic insufficiency. A single subcutaneous estradiol benzoate injection (15 micrograms/rat) provoked a marked LH secretion in CE rats. It is concluded that CE, induced by ovarian autotransplantation into the concha auriculae is caused by estrogenic insufficiency leading to the absence of ovulation. PMID- 6682226 TI - Dopaminergic nature of feeding-induced behavioral stereotypies in stressed pigeons. AB - Dopamine dependence of feeding-induced behavioral stereotypies (FIBS) was demonstrated by FIBS facilitation following chronic treatment with a dopamine (DA) agonist, apomorphine, and by FIBS inhibition following the administration of haloperidol, a DA antagonist. However, individuals that emitted FIBS were differentiated from those not emitting FIBS not by assayed telencephalic DA concentrations alone but by a higher stereotyping index (SI), a score positively related to the ratio of telencephalic DA-norepinephrine (NE) concentrations. These latter findings support the hypothesis of Antelman and Caggiula [3] which indicates that a catecholamine interaction in the brain serves to facilitate or inhibit some behavioral actions associated with stress. PMID- 6682227 TI - Effects of phencyclidine on aggressive behavior in squirrel monkeys. AB - Effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on shock-induced and spontaneous aggression in the squirrel monkey were determined. The delivery of response-independent, fixed-time (4', S-S interval) electric shock to the tail of a restrained squirrel monkey generated post-shock, hose-bite attack responses and pre-shock lever press non attack responses. In a separate procedure shock was not delivered and spontaneous aggression responses were measured. A PCP dose response function (0.01-1.0 mg/kg SC) was determined for each procedure. In the shock-induced aggression procedure initial increases in attack were observed but upon a second determination of the dose effect curve this effect decreased and an increase in non-attack was noted. PCP produced increases in non-attack responding at high dosages in the spontaneous aggression procedure. PMID- 6682228 TI - Cardiovascular changes during morphine withdrawal in the rat: effects of clonidine. AB - Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured in unrestrained rats as an index of the autonomic component of the morphine withdrawal syndrome. Physical dependence was produced by a constant infusion of morphine at increasing doses over 7 days. Signs of physical dependence observed during abrupt withdrawal included classical behavioral symptoms such as withdrawal body shakes (WBS) and increased autonomic responsiveness which was indicated by a sustained increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) up to 23 mmHg. Injection of naloxone in morphine dependent rats also evoked a dose-related increase in MAP to about 40 mmHg. The antiwithdrawal effects of clonidine were tested in this model by pretreating dependent rats with this agent (6-60 micrograms/kg). Clonidine inhibited the pressor response produced by naloxone by 23-60%. These findings indicate that the increase in MAP during opiate withdrawal provides an objective and quantitative index of the intensity of the narcotic withdrawal syndrome in dependent rats. PMID- 6682229 TI - Lack of potency of metoclopramide's metabolites in various dopaminergic models. AB - The dopaminergic properties of metoclopramide and four of its metabolites were determined in a series of in vivo and in vitro tests. In vivo measures included changes in dopamine turnover, serum prolactin levels and antagonism of apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior. In each of these tests the four metabolites were either completely inactive or significantly less potent than the parent compound. The potency of metoclopramide and its metabolites in in vitro dopamine/neuroleptic receptor models was compared to the potency of standard reference compounds. In vitro results indicate that none of the four metabolites tested had antagonist activity in any of the receptor models in which they were evaluated. These findings will be discussed in light of the current understanding of receptor models as they relate to antipsychotic efficacy. PMID- 6682230 TI - A preliminary description of acute physical dependence on morphine in the vervet monkey. AB - Previous animal studies have suggested the rapid development of opiate dependency in 24 hours or less. However, the development of dependence on opioids within twenty-four hours has yet to be demonstrated in previously opiate-free human or nonhuman primate subjects. Following naloxone administration, cable-restrained monkeys which received intravenous morphine hourly for only six hours exhibited a behavioral syndrome characteristic of opioid withdrawal in this particular species. These data indicate that acute physical dependence on morphine may be induced after six hours in a primate species. PMID- 6682231 TI - Stereotyped behavior affected by peripheral and intracerebroventricular apomorphine administration in pigeons. AB - In pigeons, peripheral injection of apomorphine HCl (1.5 mg) produced a rapid pecking response while intracerebroventricular administration of the drug (60 micrograms) was ineffective in this respect. Both peripheral and to a larger extent central treatment with apomorphine stimulated another activity, that is headshaking. The frequency of other behavioral patterns was either decreased (preening) or unaffected (yawning, stretching) following both treatments. Together with previous studies, these data suggest that (a) apomorphine stimulates pecking in pigeons by activating dopaminergic mechanisms lying in brain areas situated away from the ventricles; (b) dopaminergic mechanisms situated in periventricular regions may take part in the control of some patterns, e.g. headshaking, and (c) other activities do not appear to depend directly on these mechanisms. PMID- 6682232 TI - Inhibition of pentylenetetrazol induced genetically-determined stereotypic convulsions in tottering mutant mice by diazepam. AB - Genetically-determined stereotypic behavioral convulsions (GDSC) resulting from the autosomal recessive mutation tottering (tg) were studied in C57BL/6J mice. GDSC was found to be reliably induced in (tg/tg) homozygotes with 30 mg/kg pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), a dose that is significantly below the threshold for induction of generalized clonic convulsions in (tg/+) heterozygotes and (+/+) wild type C57BL/6J mice. The effects of anticonvulsant drugs on GDSC were studied in (tg/tg) mice induced by 30 mg/kg PTZ. Ethosuximide (250 mg/kg), phenytoin (25 and 50 mg/kg), sodium phenobarbital (25 and 50 mg/kg), naloxone (6 mg/kg), valproic acid (150 mg/kg), sodium valproate (200 mg/kg) and aminooxyacetic acid (25 mg/kg) were all without effect on PTZ induced GDSC. In contrast to its usual anticonvulsant action, phenytoin caused GDSC in (tg/tg) mice. Diazepam (4 mg/kg) was completely effective in blocking GDSC 2 hr post administration. Ethosuximide (250 mg/kg), which did not protect (tg/tg) mice against GDSC, was able to protect both (tg/tg) and (tg/+) mice against generalized clonic-tonic convulsions induced by 85 mg/kg PTZ. These results suggest a novel mechanism of action for the induction of GDSC by 30 mg/kg PTZ in (tg/tg) mice which may involve benzodiazepine receptors. PMID- 6682233 TI - Influences of ovarian hormones on the food intake and feeding of captive and wild female chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). AB - The relationship between ovarian hormone changes and food intake was examined in three separate studies using captive intact, captive ovariectomized and wild intact chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). Measures of body weight, perineal turgescence and food intake all varied across the menstrual cycle for a group of seventeen intact laboratory housed females. Body weights showed steady increases up until the day of sex skin detumescence or breakdown. Perineal swell ratings also showed a constant rise ending with breakdown. Food intake, however, showed a pattern of decrease until three days preceding breakdown. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between food intake during the preovulatory and luteal period phases. Exogenous estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone treatments to a group of ten ovariectomized females demonstrated an inhibitory effect of EB upon food intake. No effects for progesterone were demonstrated. A field study of two wild troops confirmed a difference in percentage of time spent feeding for females in the fully swollen condition as contrasted to those whose perineums were flat. Data collected on fully swollen females suggested that consort relations had little effect upon the females' feeding time percentages. PMID- 6682234 TI - Effects of limited-target availability on schedule-induced attack. AB - Pigeons exposed to a 180-sec fixed-time food schedule could attack a rear projected conspecific target that was available either (a) continuously throughout the interfood interval, (b) randomly during one 30-sec portion of each interfood interval, or (c) during the final 90 sec of each interval. During continuous-target availability, attack was maximal shortly after food ingestion and progressively decreased thereafter. During random-target availability, five of seven pigeons attacked less per target-access period the later that period occurred within the interfood interval, whereas two subjects exhibited relatively high local attack rates even when access periods occurred within the final third of the interval. When the target was available only during the second half of the interfood interval, attack occurred as soon as the target was presented and progressively decreased throughout the remainder of the target-access period. In general, these results show that schedule-induced attack can be increased by limiting the availability of that target and also indicate that such attack can reliably occur at times other than shortly after food delivery. PMID- 6682235 TI - Methyl thiolbutyrate: a reliable correlate of estrus in the golden hamster. AB - A volatile sulfur-containing compound that is characteristic of estrous (Day 1) hamster vaginal discharge has been identified as methyl thiolbutyrate (MTB). From numerous measurements of MTB concentration on each day of the estrous cycle, it is clear that this compound could well serve as a natural chemical signal of the estrous state of the female. Both the ability of MTB to attract male hamsters and its ability to facilitate copulatory behavior toward female surrogates were evaluated in behavioral experiments. The responses to MTB were compared to those elicited by dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), by a mixture of MTB and DMDS, by a grand mixture of MTB and DMDS with thirteen other known volatile constituents of the vaginal discharge, and by fresh vaginal discharge. In contrast to fresh vaginal discharge, none of the identified compounds or mixtures facilitated male copulatory behavior. Most of the attraction observed in the behavioral experiments could be attributed to the DMDS in the test samples. The MTB is readily converted to DMDS and may serve as a precursor of DMDS in the vaginal discharge. PMID- 6682236 TI - Suppression of shock elicited target biting by analgesic midbrain stimulation. AB - Rats with chronic electrodes in or near the central gray (PVG) of the midbrain were tested with a tail pinch to determine analgesic brain stimulation parameters. Then blocks of tail shock, adjusted to a level that produced consistent biting on an inanimate target, were alternated with blocks of tail shock preceded by PVG stimulation. Biting following the tail shock was reduced or eliminated when the brain stimulation preceded the shock. It was concluded that stimulation in the PVG region reduces target biting produced by nociceptive stimulation, probably via an analgesic effect. Also, no biting was associated with brain stimulation, indicating that the bite suppression function is separate from the attack producing function of other central gray areas. PMID- 6682237 TI - Relations between muricide, circadian rhythm and consummatory behavior. AB - Three forms of behavior--muricide, eating, and drinking--have been studied at six photic periods during a 12/12 hr light/dark circadian cycle to which the subjects have been habituated. One hundred and eight rats served as subjects, 18 per photic period. The frequency of muricide was recorded for each period and subsequent food and water intakes were measured during a 1 hr test period. Results show a significantly higher frequency of muricide during the dark than during periods of light. Food intake covaried significantly with the incidence of muricide rs = 0.89, p less than 0.05), while no such relationship was found between muricide and water intake (rs = 0.17, p less than 0.05). The findings are consistent with reports of circadian changes in other rodent behaviors, including rhythmicity in home-cage and in shock-induced aggression. Covariation of muricide and eating does not establish a causal relation between the two. Three models of physiological mechanisms which might provide substrates for the covariance are discussed. PMID- 6682238 TI - Decreased food intake of rats kept under adiurnal feeding cycles: effect of suprachiasmatic lesions. AB - The circadian feeding rhythm and food intake under restricted feeding conditions, including adiurnal feeding cycles, were examined in rats with bilateral lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Although rats with SCN-lesions ate nearly as much food per day as those with control-lesions, their feeding pattern did not show circadian rhythmicity. When rats with control-lesions were fed for 5 hr once every 20 hr or for 7 hr once every 28 hr, they ate less than when they were fed for 6 hr once every 24 hr, probably due to some effect of desynchronization between the feeding cycle and an endogenous circadian oscillator. Decreased food intake under adiurnal feeding cycles was also observed in rats with SCN-lesions as in those with control-lesions. It is suggested that the circadian rhythm entrained by food is related to an endogenous time-keeping system that does not include the SCN. PMID- 6682239 TI - Defensive respiratory reflexes in ferrets. PMID- 6682240 TI - The value of platelet-associated IgG in predicting the efficacy of splenectomy in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. AB - In a prospective study, the hypothesis of whether the quantitative determination of platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) in patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) can predict the efficacy of splenectomy, was investigated. PAIgG levels were repeatedly determined in 16 patients with definite ATP pre- and postsplenectomy, and related to platelet counts and platelet mean life span. It was found that patients with an immediate remission after splenectomy tended to have lower PAIgG levels (less than 6%) than failures, but this difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that PAIgG is of limited value for the prediction of the efficacy of splenectomy in ATP. PMID- 6682241 TI - Transient non-thrombocytopenic purpura in hookworm infestation. AB - The transient purpura in 3 young men with marked eosinophilia and hookworm infestation was found to be caused by a qualitative platelet defect which manifested as a failure of platelets to aggregate with collagen and an absence of the secondary phase aggregation with epinephrine. These aggregation abnormalities could not be normalized with normal plasma, nor did patient plasma inhibit normal platelets, implying that the dysfunction was not caused by an abnormality in the plasma but was an intrinsic platelet defect. Arachidonic acid induced enhanced aggregation and a mutual correction of the absent secondary epinephrine-induced aggregation was observed when patient and aspirin-treated platelets were mixed together, suggesting that the defect was unlikely to be related to the platelet prostaglandin synthesis pathway. We propose that the acquired platelet dysfunction was caused by impaired ADP release due possibly to a transient platelet storage pool abnormality. PMID- 6682242 TI - Antibody-secreting cell precursor frequencies among the sheep-erythrocyte-binding cells after immunization. AB - Controversy concerning the immunologic role of antigen-binding cells (ABC) has prompted us to attempt to quantitate the proportion of stimulable ABC, in immunized animals, which are precursors for cells producing antibody specific for the antigen bound. Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven limiting dilution analysis system, the precursor frequency (PF) of cells secreting IgM and IgG and sheep erythrocyte (SRBC)-specific IgM and IgG was established for highly purified SRBC antigen-binding cell (SRBC-ABC) and unfractionated populations taken from CBA/J mouse spleens on days 5, 12 and 180 of the in vivo primary immune response to SRBC. At all these times, almost all SRBC-ABC spontaneously secreting immunoglobulin (Ig) secreted SRBC-specific Ig, and almost all precursors of Ig secreting cells in the ABC populations were precursors of cells secreting specific anti-SRBC antibody. In SRBC-ABC populations, the PF for total and SRBC specific Ig secretion was seen to decrease on days 5 and 12 after immunization and to increase to 3.5 to 7 times nonimmune levels 180 days after immunization. The absolute number of precursors, within the SRBC-ABC population, for the secretion of SRBC-specific Ig decreased on day 12 after immunization. In the unfractionated population, the PF for SRBC-specific Ig secretion temporarily increased after immunization, reaching peak levels 5 days (IgM) and 12 days (IgG) after immunization. These two changes may be related, representing the progress of stimulated cells out of the ABC pool as they lose receptors en route to full maturation. The small clone sizes on days 5 and 12 indicate that ABC divide less in response to LPS when already engaged in a response to antigen. In contrast, the PF for total IgM and IgG secretion in the unfractionated population was not greatly affected by immunization. PMID- 6682243 TI - Biologically active chorionic gonadotropin: synthesis by the human fetus. AB - The kidney, and to a slight extent the liver, of human fetuses were found to synthesize and secrete the alpha subunit common to glycoprotein hormones. Fetal lung and muscle did not synthesize this protein. Since fetal kidney and liver were previously found to synthesize beta chorionic gonadotropin, their ability to synthesize bioactive chorionic gonadotropin was also determined. The newly synthesized hormone bound to mouse Leydig cells and elicited a biological response: namely, the synthesis of testosterone. These results suggest that the human fetus may participate in metabolic homeostasis during its development. PMID- 6682244 TI - Drug history modifies the behavioral effects of pentobarbital. AB - Behavior of squirrel monkeys, maintained by the termination of stimuli associated with electric shock, was suppressed by response-dependent shock delivery. The effects of pentobarbital on this behavior depended on whether monkeys had previously received morphine. In monkeys without experience with drugs, pentobarbital increased responding. In monkeys with recent experience with morphine, however, pentobarbital resulted in a smaller increase or decrease in responding. The rate-decreasing effects of pentobarbital after a history of morphine administration could be reversed by the administration of d-amphetamine. These findings suggest that the behavioral effects of abused drugs may depend on previous experience with other drugs, even when those drugs are from a different pharmacological class. PMID- 6682245 TI - Platelet thromboxane synthetase inhibitors with low doses of aspirin: possible resolution of the "aspirin dilemma". AB - Selective pharmacological inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis did not prevent arachidonate-induced aggregation of human platelets in vitro. Prevention was instead achieved by a combination of thromboxane A2 inhibitors with low concentrations of aspirin. The latter partially reduced the proaggregatory cyclooxygenase products that accumulated when thromboxane A2 synthesis was blocked. The aspirin concentrations did not affect per se either platelet aggregation or prostacyclin synthesis in cultured human endothelial cells. The combination of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors with low doses of aspirin may offer greater antithrombotic potential than either drug alone. PMID- 6682246 TI - Interrelated striated elements in vestibular hair cells of the rat. AB - Unusual fixation procedures revealed a series of interrelated striated organelles in type I and type II vestibular hair cells of the rat; these organelles seemed to be less well developed in cochlear hair cells. The findings suggest that contractile elements may play a role in sensory transduction in the inner ear, particularly in the vestibular system. PMID- 6682247 TI - The effects of direct-current magnetic fields on turtle retinas in vitro. AB - Direct-current magnetic fields of 10 to 100 gauss cause a significant short-term reduction of the in vitro electroretinographic b-wave response in turtle retina. This response compression is not accompanied by the usual reduction in retinal sensitivity that occurs with background illumination. Furthermore, this effect is obtained only briefly after the offset of ambient lighting in the diurnal light dark cycle of nonhibernating animals. PMID- 6682248 TI - Implications of lymphoscintigraphy in oncologic practice: principles and differences vis-a-vis other imaging modalities. AB - The prompt availability of interstitial lymphoscintigraphy and its utilization offer significant advantages over other techniques. Computed tomography represents a highly sensitive technique that suffers from lack of specificity in detecting small lesions. The expense and accessibility of machine time limit its usefulness as a routine survey procedure. Radiographic lymphangiography represents a tedious and difficult process necessitating identification of lymphatic channels for injection of the contrast material for visualization of the lymph nodes in the region being evaluated. With these demonstrated difficulties, the lymph node scanning technique has emerged as a simple, reliable, and reproducible technique for evaluation of multiple lymph node groups. PMID- 6682249 TI - Iliopelvic lymphoscintigraphy. AB - In patients with genitourinary cancers, it is critically important that lymph node metastases be detected prior to surgery. Information regarding the status of these nodes will influence the type and extent of therapy. Radiologic tests currently available for lymph node imaging--contrast lymphangiography, ultrasound, and computed tomography--are sometimes associated with a high false negative rate. Iliopelvic lymphoscintigraphy, when performed following bilateral perianal injections of 99mTc-antimony trisulfide colloid, offers a physiologic method for visualizing these nodes and allows demonstration of the internal iliac chain, often not visualized on contrast lymphangiographic studies. Additionally, data from initial patient trials suggest that this technique offers a clinically acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity. This article details the methodology of the technique, and addresses reproducibility, sensitivity, specificity, and image interpretation. PMID- 6682250 TI - The toxicity of N-acetylcysteine in laboratory animals. PMID- 6682251 TI - Torulopsis glabrata pneumonia: value of serologic testing. AB - An immunocompromised patient with severe hypoxemia was found by transbronchial lung biopsy to have Torulopsis glabrata as the sole pathogen in lung. An antibody response to this organism was demonstrated, confirming its role as a pathogen and indicating a role for serodiagnosis of T glabrata infection. PMID- 6682252 TI - Regression of pituitary tumor after thyroid replacement in primary hypothyroidism. AB - We report the case of a young woman with primary hypothyroidism in whom a large pituitary tumor with suprasellar extension and the amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome developed. After nine months of thyroid replacement there was clinical and radiologic evidence of tumor regression. PMID- 6682253 TI - Emergency operation in the true hermaphrodite. AB - In two instances of undiagnosed true hermaphrodites, the patients presented with abdominal complaints requiring emergency operations. These patients, because of the abnormal location of the gonadal tissue, were considered to be at a higher risk for malignant degeneration or mechanical problems which may present in an acute state and, therefore, should be castrated. The presentation of either a male patient with hypospadias or cryptorchism, or both, or a female patient with genitalia ambiguity with an incarcerated inguinal hernia or abdominal pain should lead one to consider the diagnosis of true hermaphroditism. This is especially true if it occurs on the right side or if an abdominal mass is palpated. In these individuals, specimens of the contralateral gonad taken intraoperatively for biopsy and postoperative cytogenetic studies will aid in the diagnosis. PMID- 6682254 TI - Colony forming ability of bone marrow cells from patients with acute leukemia. AB - Bone marrow cells from adult patients with acute leukemia were serially cultured using an in vitro agar culture method. Four categories of growth pattern were recognized according to growth characteristics in vitro in previously untreated patients with leukemia. Detailed cytological investigation was performed for the determination of cell morphology and the origin of colonies. In vitro agar culture may be useful for monitoring the remission-relapse status in acute leukemia. PMID- 6682255 TI - Diurnal profile of gallbladder size in diabetic patients: ultrasonographic evaluation of diabetic neurogenic gallbladder. AB - The diurnal change of gallbladder size was clearly measured with a real time ultrasonography. To visualize the gallbladder, 21 diabetic patients and 11 healthy subjects were scanned right subcostally in the supine position nine times between 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. Photographs of the images were produced on Polaroid film, and the area of gallbladder was calculated. The diurnal changes of the gallbladder size were expressed as the percentage of the size measured at 8:00 a.m. after an overnight fast. The gallbladder in normal control started contracting immediately after breakfast and reached 57.2 +/- 7.6% at 9:00 a.m. In the diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy the gallbladder contracted to 80.9 +/- 14.5% and 72.4 +/- 14.8%, respectively, at 9:00 a.m. while the nadir of the diurnal profile curve in healthy subjects was 24.5 +/- 3.6% at 3:00 p.m., in the diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy those were 57.7 +/- 6.1% at 6:00 p.m. and 41.3 +/- 8.3% at 8:00 p.m., respectively. This implies that the gallbladder contraction was delayed and poor in diabetic patients. In this paper, the gallbladder tonicity index is proposed, which is useful for the easy evaluation of autonomic state of gallbladder in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6682256 TI - [Therapy of an advanced tumor of the upper jaw (case report)]. AB - The authors present a T4 tumor situated on the left side of the upper jaw and showing an extraordinary development. It was a partially keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma which broke into the middle base of the skull and penetrated into the brain. By combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy, partly with 60Co gamma radiation, partly with photon and electron beams, a surgical treatment of the extensive primary tumor became possible. The formation of metastases within the lymph nodes of the neck was treated by preliminary irradiation and neck dissection. Two years after this combination therapy, the patient is still alive and does not present any symptoms. PMID- 6682257 TI - An intercomparison of in vitro assays for assessing cytotoxicity after a 24 hour exposure to anti-cancer drugs. AB - Employing a tumourigenic mouse cell line, we have measured the effects of four anti-cancer drugs (methotrexate, vincristine, cis-platinum and adriamycin) upon tumour cell survival as assessed by three independent procedures. The results from two short-term procedures based upon dye exclusion and labeling index determinations were compared with data from the relatively long-term clonogenic or colony-forming assay. The dye exclusion procedure demonstrated the poorest correlation with the clonogenic assay, whereas labeling index measurements exhibited qualitative but not quantitative correspondence with results from the clonogenic assay. These short-term procedures cannot therefore be considered accurate substitutes for a clonogenic assay, which remains the method of choice for assessing cytotoxic effects of anti-cancer drugs. PMID- 6682258 TI - [Solution containing benzylic alcohol]. PMID- 6682259 TI - Correlation between urethrovesical anatomy and urethral closure function in female stress urinary incontinence before and after operation: urethrocystographic and urethrocystometric evaluation. PMID- 6682260 TI - Tracking of fluid in urethra by simultaneous electric impedance measurement at three sites. PMID- 6682262 TI - [Andrological aspects of urological evaluations]. AB - The author reports about the incidence of inadequate potency in 51 accident victims. Outlines are given for investigative methods and for evaluations of andrological disturbances. He concludes, that a loss of potency entails a reduction of 40-50% of the victim's earning capacity for insurance purposes. However, as far as the responsibility of the medical profession is concerned, it is not enough to reach this conclusion. It is equally important to consider the opportunities of therapeutic treatment. PMID- 6682261 TI - [Statistical results of andrological research using a standardized questionnaire]. AB - In the present study the author presents extracts of more extensive statistics from the year 1978. It could be demonstrated that time-consuming statistics and documentation with some organizational modifications can be simplified. The advantage of punch cards for a standardized diagnostic questionnaire is evident, since all data from a special patient are present. For the clinical investigation this questionnaire guarantees consideration of all data. By this method in andrology new knowledge can be obtained. Furthermore, the statistical results also bring stimulation for scientific work also in the daily practice. PMID- 6682263 TI - [Surgical results of epididymovasostomy and vaso-vasostomy]. AB - In the Urology Clinic of the University of Hamburg 326 epididymo-vasostomies have been done. A follow-up of 241 men was possible. Bilateral anastomosis resulted in a 47% permeability; after unilateral recanalisation a patency-rate of 32% was obtained. Vaso-vasotomy after vasoresection was performed in 56 men. Following a splinted one-layer anastomosis, which we abandoned in the meantime, patency was obtained in 64% of patients. Current techniques in one or two-layers without a splint resulted in a 88% permeability. The double layer anastomosis does not offer an advantage over the one-layer method. PMID- 6682264 TI - [Experiences with vasectomy. Catamnestic study over a 10-year period]. AB - Vasectomy can be a valuable contribution of the male to family planning. Vasectomy is a final method of contraception; it is not correct to make any hope for a later refertilisation because it is not sure that this operation will be successful. If a contraception is final, then it is not advisable to refer to methods of reconstruction or cryoconservation of sperm, because these methods are not always successful. Without intensive discussion with the couple and without sufficient time for the couple's decision, vasectomy can be very dangerous. Some specific examples are presented. PMID- 6682265 TI - [Light and electron microscopic studies of the epididymis in 30 patients with obstructive azoospermia]. AB - The epididymal tissue and the testis biopsy from 30 patients with obstructive azoospermia, who had undergone refertilization operations, were investigated by light- and electron microscopy. The findings give an insight into the morphologically recognizable tissue relationships, which one finds in patients with congenital or acquired obstruction of the deferent duct. A severe blockage of the testicular secretion is found in the epithelium of these epididymal ducts and demonstrate considerable pathological tissue changes, which indicate an intense resorptive activity. Intra-luminal spermatophages, which are loaded with phagocytized spermatozoa fragments, penetrate through the epithelium. Also great numbers of monocytes, as well as mast cells, and lymphocytes appear in the interstitium. The autoimmune reaction, induced by the continual blockage of epididymal passage over a long period of time, is discussed. PMID- 6682266 TI - [Double kidney with ureterocele]. AB - Twenty-six children with ureteroceles--twenty-three with unilateral double collecting system and three with bilateral double kidney--are analyzed. The clinical and radiological features of these ureteroceles are presented. The different possibilities of surgical management and their results are discussed. In 14 of these children we performed resection of the ureterocele with en bloc reimplantation of both ureters. Eleven cases were treated by resection of the ureterocele and upper pole nephroureterectomy and four cases by nephroureterectomy. Vesicoureteral reflux in both renal pelvic moieties was found in five cases after ureteral reimplantation en bloc. Because of frequent bilateral disease (10%) and the common association of other urological malformation it is preferable to try to perform ureteric reimplantation rather than primary nephroureterectomy even when the possibility of postoperative reflux is considered. PMID- 6682267 TI - [Thorotrast disease of the kidneys]. PMID- 6682268 TI - [Urachal cyst]. PMID- 6682269 TI - Familial reflux in monozygotic twins. PMID- 6682270 TI - Internal urethrotomy and recurrent urinary tract infection. PMID- 6682271 TI - Congenital multifocal hemangiosarcoma in a stillborn calf. PMID- 6682272 TI - Interaction of Haemophilus equigenitalis (contagious equine metritis organism) with lectins. PMID- 6682273 TI - Corynebacterium equi in mastitis in a buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) PMID- 6682274 TI - Women's curse: a general internist's approach to common menstrual problems. AB - These discussions are selected from the weekly staff conferences in the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Taken from transcriptions, they are prepared by Drs David W. Martin, Jr, Professor of Medicine, and David G. Warnock, Associate Professor of Medicine, under the direction of Dr Lloyd H. Smith, Jr, Professor of Medicine and Chairman of the Department of Medicine. Requests for reprints should be sent to the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143. PMID- 6682275 TI - [Modern pain treatment: neurosurgical methods]. PMID- 6682276 TI - [Correlations between vegetative parameters in experimental emotional stress]. AB - Correlative interrelations of the values of arterial pressure, heart and respiration rates were studied in rats by cross-correlation analysis, in conditions of free behaviour during acute immobilization stress and after chronic emotional two-month immobilization stress. During the acute emotional stress a disintegration of vegetative parametres is seen, the rate of it depends on the type of hemodynamic reaction to stress. The absence of such disintegration during immobilization of the animals enduring chronic stress, may point to the adaptation of these animals to repeated stress. The results obtained allow to suggest that the dissociation of the vegetative functions is a typical component of emotional stress reaction. PMID- 6682277 TI - [Experimental study of the early stages of the development of an immune response]. AB - Experiments in white mice have demonstrated an increase in the levels of damaged leukocytes in the body and in leukopoietic activity of the blood serum after primary immunization. An increase in the content of leukocyte decomposition products in the body, induced by the injection of neutrophil lysate, stimulated antibody formation in mice and enhanced phagocytic and cytotoxic activity of the peritoneal exudate macrophages in rats. PMID- 6682278 TI - Observations on the structure and innervation of the presumptive carotid sinus area in the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). AB - The tunica media of the giraffe carotid artery is characterised by a predominantly muscular structure, except for a small area at the origins of the occipital and the vestigal internal carotid arteries. The latter has a preponderantly elastic structure and corresponds in extent to the parts of the carotid arterial wall innervated by a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. Sensory nerve terminals, characterised by an abundance of mitochondria, are found in the deeper parts of the adventitia bordering the elastic zone. It is concluded that the elastic zone at the cranial portion of the carotid arterial system in the giraffe constitutes the equivalent of a carotid sinus. It is further suggested that the preponderance of elastic tissue in this area is a morphological adaptation of the arterial wall to a baroreceptor function. Pertinent to this suggestion is the demonstration of a close structural relationship between the sensory nerve endings and the elastic fibres. PMID- 6682279 TI - Anti-neurofilament monoclonal antibodies: reagents for the evaluation of human neoplasms. AB - Sixty human nervous system neoplasms were examined by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against neurofilament triplet proteins. Only those of neuronal origin had tumor cells with intracytoplasmic, immunoreactive neurofilament triplet proteins. However, not all such neoplasms contained labeled tumor cells. Benign or differentiated neuronal tumors more often contained labeled cells than malignant, less differentiated neoplasms of the neuron series. We conclude that anti-neurofilament monoclonal antibodies are useful reagents for the evaluation of human neoplasms. PMID- 6682280 TI - Visual suppression test. PMID- 6682282 TI - Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: ten- to 21-year follow-up after partial septal myectomy. AB - This study reviews the outcome in 36 consecutive patients who survived partial septal myectomy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy operated on between 1960 and 1972. All patients were followed up until death or until June 1981 (mean 13.4 years). Of the 26 survivors, 17 had been more than mildly symptomatic preoperatively, but only 1 remained so postoperatively. The operation was effective in relieving the obstruction (peak systolic pressure gradient reduced from 79 to 8 mm Hg [p less than 0.001]), and mitral regurgitation was relieved. No survivor's symptoms worsened, but 10 died late--4 suddenly, 5 from congestive heart failure, and 1 from a malignancy. The 10-year survival rate was 77%. No correlation with outcome was found with respect to age, surgical approach, preoperative functional class, pressure gradient, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, or presence of atrial fibrillation, but atrial fibrillation occurring late postoperatively (12 patients) was associated with an increased frequency of late death (7 of 10 late deaths) or continuing New York Heart Association functional class III status. Early or late postoperative complete heart block occurred in 1 patient each. Thus, these results suggest a favorable effect of operation and support continued surgical intervention for appropriate patients. PMID- 6682281 TI - Comparative evaluation of depressed automaticity in sick sinus syndrome by Holter monitoring and overdrive suppression test. AB - To ascertain whether the long cardiac pauses on the Holter ECGs of patients with the sick sinus syndrome were related to the spontaneously occurring overdrive suppression, the heart rates for the 12 seconds preceding the cardiac pauses longer than 5 seconds were compared with that averaged for 24 hours. Even in six out of seven patients with bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome the former rate was not significantly greater than the latter, indicating that episodes of such long cardiac pauses may not result from spontaneously occurring overdrive suppression. This observation was also consistent with the result that no statistically significant correlation was obtained between the maximum pauses measured from Holter ECGs of sick sinus syndrome and those obtained by the overdrive suppression test. In conclusion, many episodes of long life-threatening cardiac pauses observed in sick sinus syndrome may be attributed to accidental depression of the sinus nodal and subsidiary pacemaker activity rather than to spontaneously occurring overdrive suppression; therefore, Holter monitoring may be useful as an additional tool for diagnosis of sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 6682283 TI - Changing patterns of human milk lipids in the course of the lactation and during the day. AB - Lipids were analyzed in 308 human milk samples, obtained during the first 5 wk of lactation from 17 mothers delivering at term. The mean triglyceride content increased mainly during the 1st postpartum wk and remained constant thereafter. In contrast, the cholesterol concentration decreased, whereas the phospholipids remained rather constant, resulting in a decrease of both the phospholipid/triglyceride and the cholesterol/triglyceride ratio. Circadian variations of the parameters analyzed were not uniform and differed in milks obtained from German mothers as compared to milks obtained from English mothers. The fatty acid composition was determined in the total lipids and in the phospholipid fraction as well. Changes were found in progressing lactation, but not during the day. Some data are discussed with regard to their possible physiological or physiochemical relevance. PMID- 6682284 TI - Phase II clinical trial of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum in gastric cancer. AB - Eighteen patients with gastric cancer in Stage IV who had failed combination chemotherapy were treated with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum as a single agent. Objective response was observed in four patients (22%), and another two had stable disease lasting 114 and 234 days, respectively. The median duration of the response was 150 days (range, 92-186). Gastrointestinal toxicity occurred in all the patients, but leukopenia and thrombocytopenia was the major complication in patients who had been heavily pretreated. The response rate found in this study shows that cis-platinum is an active drug in gastric cancer. PMID- 6682286 TI - Successful treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura by vincristine. AB - Two patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) are described in whom vincristine administration appeared to play a role in successful outcomes. The first patient with chronic TTP responded partially to plasma exchange followed by plasma infusion and transiently to splenectomy, but developed a complete long lasting remission after a single injection of intravenous vincristine. The second patient developed a complete remission following vincristine administration and plasma exchange. Although vincristine's mechanism of action in TTP is obscure, we suggest that vincristine is effective in the treatment of this infrequent and often fatal disease. PMID- 6682285 TI - Treatment of advanced ovarian cancer with cis-dichlorodiammine platinum in combination with cyclophosphamide. An E.C.O.G. pilot study. AB - Twenty patients with Stage III and IV carcinoma of the ovary have been treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum given every 3 weeks. Regarding toxicity, this combination probably included a too-high dose of CTX (1.1 g/m2 every 3 weeks). The response rate was 75% (15/20) but with a significant duration only for those patients who achieved a complete response (7/20). It was seen that, as usual, patients who have undergone extensive reductive surgery are more likely to respond. The regimen described gives results comparable to those of more aggressive combinations but did not achieve significant control of the disease. PMID- 6682287 TI - Birth weight and placental proximity in like-sexed twins. AB - In addition to zygosity, the type of placentation has proven to be an important variable in twin studies. A number of quantitative traits in human twins have been found to be influenced by chorion type. Our study confirms an earlier finding that there is larger within-pair birth weight variability in dichorionic twins with fused placentas than in those with separate placentas. This finding emphasizes the importance of detailed twin placental examinations to help identify traits that may be influenced by prenatal environmental influences. PMID- 6682288 TI - Familial occurrence of a short rib syndrome with hydrops fetalis but without polydactyly. PMID- 6682290 TI - The impact of prenatal care in different social groups. AB - An analysis of United States birth certificate records for the calendar year 1977 indicated that women who failed to seek prenatal care were at increased risk of delivery of a low-birth weight infant, even after social factors were considered. However, the strength of association, as well as the population impact, between antenatal care and birth weight varied by social group. Prenatal care had the greatest observed impact for socially disadvantaged women, because of their high overall risk of delivery of low-birth weight infants. From these observations, it appears that the efficacy of antenatal services is modified by social situation. As a result, summary evaluations of prenatal care impact may underestimate the true value of these services for certain social groups. PMID- 6682289 TI - Pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) with trisomy X manifest physical and mental retardation. AB - Three pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) from a nursery population were predicted to be genetically abnormal based on observations of anatomical and behavioral development. All three exhibited delays in skeletal, visual, intellectual, and social development, suggesting a chromosomal syndrome. Karyotypes showed that two animals were XXX females, and the third was a mosaic XX/XXX female. PMID- 6682291 TI - Perspectives on fetal surgery. PMID- 6682292 TI - Antiplatelet antibodies and platelet counts in pregnancies complicated by autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - In 48 pregnant women with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, no consistent correlation was found between the infant platelet count and either the maternal platelet count, a previous maternal splenectomy, or maternal treatment with corticosteroids. Although the concentration of antiplatelet antibody in maternal serum frequently reflected the severity of neonatal thrombocytopenia, a number of exceptions to this observation limited the clinical usefulness of the test for individual patients. Antiplatelet antibody levels in the amniotic fluid were always low. A twin gestation in this series of patients in which one infant was thrombocytopenic and the other was not also showed that no antepartum maternal clinical characteristic or laboratory test can accurately predict the fetal platelet count. Only fetal platelet counts from scalp samples obtained prior to or early in labor from 25 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura proved to be reliable in assessing the degree of fetal thrombocytopenia and selecting the appropriate route of delivery. PMID- 6682293 TI - Direct, indirect, and sham laser photocoagulation in the management of central serous chorioretinopathy. AB - The role of argon laser photocoagulation in the management of central serous choriorectinopathy was evaluated in a prospective randomized study of eyes with leaks smaller than 250 microns in diameter in the early frames of the angiogram. Eyes were assigned to Group A when the leak was located in the papillomacular bundle or within 500 microns of the capillary-free zone and to Group B when the leakage site was located outside the papillomacular bundle and more than 500 microns from the capillary-free zone. Thirty eyes in Group A underwent either a sham argon laser treatment or a real argon laser treatment directed to the pigment epithelium under the elevated retina at a site remote from the site of fluorescein dye leakage (indirect laser photocoagulation). Twelve eyes in Group B underwent either a laser treatment directed to the site of fluorescein dye leakage (direct laser photocoagulation) or indirect laser photocoagulation. Compared with indirect photocoagulation, direct laser photocoagulation shortened the duration of central serous chorioretinopathy by approximately two months, a statistically significant difference. When compared to sham treatment, indirect photocoagulation did not significantly alter the duration of central serous chorioretinopathy. During an 18-month interval, the recurrence rate in the eyes treated with sham and indirect laser photocoagulation was 34%, whereas no recurrences were observed in the eyes treated with direct photocoagulation. There were no complications from photocoagulation in any of the eyes. PMID- 6682294 TI - Splitting of the locomotor activity rhythm in rats by exposure to continuous light. AB - Female rats exposed to low intensities (0.1-1.5 lx) of continuous light (LL), displayed regular estrous cycles and free-running circadian rhythms of locomotor activity. In most rats, as the intensity of LL was increased to greater than 2.0 lx, components within the active portion (alpha) of the locomotor rhythm remained synchronized as the periodicity of the rhythm lengthened. However, in a few rats alpha split into two components; one of which free-ran with a period shorter than 24 h, while the other free-ran with a period longer than 24 h. As soon as the two components became maximally separated they spontaneously rejoined. In most rats, estrous cycles ceased shortly after the intensity of LL was increased to greater than 2.0 lx even though the locomotor activity rhythm retained its unsplit free running nature. These observations suggest that the multiple oscillators that control the rhythms of locomotor activity and the estrous cycle are normally coupled to one another. In certain intensities of LL, these oscillators uncouple and free-run with different periodicities, a condition which causes estrous cycles to cease and sometimes produces a split locomotor activity rhythm. PMID- 6682295 TI - Not tonofilaments! PMID- 6682296 TI - Eosinophil chemotactic factor in schistosome eggs: a comparative study of eosinophil chemotactic factors in the eggs of Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni in vitro. AB - Significant chemotactic activity for eosinophils was detected in soluble egg antigen (SEA) preparations of both Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni in dose dependent fashion. The activity of S. japonicum SEA was higher than that of S. mansoni SEA. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 showed that S. japonicum SEA was composed of two groups of eosinophil chemotactic factors (ECFs), one of high molecular weight (JEE-H) and the other of low molecular weight (JEE-L). S. mansoni SEA showed ECF composition similar to that of S. japonicum SEA. JEE-H was stable on heating (100 degrees C, 60 min) and resistant to pronase digestion, but was sensitive to periodate oxidation. JEE-L was also stable on heating and resistant to pronase and carboxypeptidase A digestions. These properties of the ECFs were also held in common with those of S. mansoni SEA. JEE-L was extractable by toluene, indicating a hydrophobic nature. These results suggest that schistosome eggs themselves contain ECFs, and that the composition of S. mansoni and S. japonicum SEA-derived ECFs is essentially the same. However, they differ from the other ECFs which have already been described in schistosome infections. PMID- 6682297 TI - Morphological and morphometric changes in the ovaries of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) following exposure to long or short photoperiod. AB - Two experiments were carried out with a total of 36 white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) exposed to either long (LP) or short (SP) photoperiod for six weeks. Ovaries and uteri were weighed. Serial sections of the ovaries were processed for light microscopy. The total number of the interstitial gland cells, preantral and antral follicles with early and advanced stages of atresia as well as corpora lutea, was determined. Uteri from LP mice weighed significantly more than those from SP mice in both experiments. In contrast, the weight of ovaries from LP and SP animals only differed significantly in one experiment; this experiment also produced no obvious changes in the total number of corpora lutea. While interstitial gland cells of LP ovaries were hypertrophic and appeared mature, the interstitial gland cells of SP ovaries were of the degenerating cell type. The total number of follicles as well as their mean follicular diameters were higher in LP animals in comparison with SP animals. In addition, the percentage of antral follicles were increased and there were fewer signs of advanced stages of atresia in the LP group. It is suggested that the changes of the interstitial gland cell morphology combined with alterations of follicular growth during LP or SP appear to support intensified follicular growth. PMID- 6682298 TI - Thyroid-stimulating hormone: response test in healthy horses, and effect of phenylbutazone on equine thyroid hormones. AB - Adult horses showed a mild diurnal variation in equine plasma thyroxine (T4) concentrations, but not triiodothyronine (T3). Plasma T4 concentrations tended to be higher between 5 PM and 8 PM than at 8 AM. Increases in plasma T4 and T3 were similar in adult healthy horses given 5, 10, or 20 IU of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The T4 peaked at approximately twice (2.0 +/- 0.4 times) as high as the base line at 6 to 12 hours after the TSH was given. The greatest change from base line T3 occurred at 1 to 3 hours after the TSH was given, but the magnitude of increase was widely variable (4.36 +/- 2.49 times as high as base line). The following method for doing the equine TSH-response test was suggested: (i) prepare plasma or serum sample for determining base line T4 and T3, (ii) inject 5 IU of TSH IM, (iii) prepare plasma or serum samples at 3 and 6 hours after the TSH was injected, and (iv) freeze samples at -20 C until T4 and T3 determination by radioimmunoassay. Treatment of horses with phenylbutazone for 5 days caused a significant decrease in base line T4 and T3 in horses (P less than 0.05). However, phenylbutazone-treated horses responded to the injection of TSH, and the increase in T4 at 6 hours was greater than in the controls (not given phenylbutazone) (P less than 0.02). PMID- 6682299 TI - Air-space immunoglobulin production and levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of normal subjects and patients with sarcoidosis. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between immunoglobulin production and immunoglobulin levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum of normal subjects and patients with sarcoidosis. Eleven normal volunteers and 17 patients were studied. In normal subjects, no important relationship existed between the number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells and immunoglobulin levels in BAL or serum. By contrast, in patients with sarcoidosis, a highly significant correlation existed between the number of IgG secreting cells and IgG/alb% in BAL (p = 0.008) and between the number of IgG secreting cells in BAL and serum IgG mg/ml (p = 0.002). Similar associations did not exist for IgA and IgM. These data demonstrate for the first time the relationship between immunoglobulin production and immunoglobulin levels in normal persons, and convincingly show that immunoglobulin production at sites of disease activity is responsible for hypergammaglobulinemia in BAL and serum of patients with sarcoidosis. PMID- 6682300 TI - Nasopharyngeal masses in adults. AB - Nasopharyngeal masses in adults present a perplexing problem because of the concern for malignancy. A retrospective review of the records, radiographs and biopsy histology of 57 patients presenting in one year with nasopharyngeal masses at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary suggests that persistent pain, epistaxis, trismus, or cervical mass are uncommon in patients with benign histology and should alert the clinician to the probability of malignancy. A high index of suspicion on the part of the clinician is essential for the successful recognition of early lesions. The roles of conventional radiography, polytomography, and computed tomography scans are discussed. Patients with malignant lesions are contrasted with those having benign lesions. PMID- 6682301 TI - Intra-pair similarity in physical growth of opposite-sex twin pairs during puberty. AB - A comparison has been made of within-pair similarity in physical growth for opposite-sex twin pairs and pairs of unrelated controls attending the same classes as the twins. Height and weight measurements were originally collected for 97 pairs of twins and controls from 10 to 16 years of age for the girls and from 10 to 18 years for the boys. The twins showed significantly smaller within pair differences than the controls for both height and weight during the whole investigation period. Within-pair correlations for height and weight were negative for the controls and moderately positive for the opposite-sex twins. The weight correlations for the twins were lower than for height from 11 to 14 years of age. At age 15 the height and weight correlations tended to be of the same magnitude due to a drop in within-pair similarity for height at this age. Profile similarity in physical growth has been studied both for each pair individually (D values) and for the whole group of twins and controls (analysis of variance). Both comparisons showed both the twins and the controls to be very dissimilar in growth profiles during puberty. Onset of puberty was estimated by age at peak height velocity (PHV) and peak weight velocity (PWV). The average within-pair difference for the controls was shown to be a little more than two years and for the twins a little less. The small and non-significant differences between the groups lead to the main conclusion that sex differentiation at puberty exerts a very powerful influence overshadowing the hereditary and environmental similarities existing for the twins. PMID- 6682302 TI - The genetic contribution to pubertal growth and development studied by longitudinal growth data on twins. AB - Forty-eight pairs of MZ and like-sex DZ twins of Panjabi parentage were studied longitudinally for such pubertal changes as growth of genitalia, pubic, axillary and facial hair, change of voice and ejaculation of semen in boys, and growth of pubic and axillary hair, breast development and onset of menarche in girls, besides growth in height and weight. Mean intra-pair age differences are small and intra-pair correlations for age at different secondary sexual developments are higher in MZ twins than in DZ twins in both sexes. Mean intra-pair differences and intra-pair correlations for the time taken to pass from first stage to the final stage of development also present a similar picture. Intra pair height and weight differences and differences in their growth velocities also indicate that MZ twins are more concordant than DZ twins throughout the adolescent growth period. These findings indicate a strong genetic component in regulating the pubertal changes as well as in the growth of height and weight in the two sexes. The role of environmental factors in at least some of the pubertal changes is also indicated. PMID- 6682304 TI - Natural selection associated with birth weight. IV. U.S.A. data from 1950 to 1976. PMID- 6682303 TI - Urinary hormone levels: a population study of associations between steroid and catecholamine excretion rates. AB - Urinary levels of steroid metabolites (17-hydroxycorticosteroids and 17 oxosteroids) were measured in 408 males at two times during the normal working day. Hormone levels are expressed both as rates of excretion and as creatinine ratios and are compared with the values for adrenaline and noradrenaline previously measured in the same samples. Strong associations are found between catecholamines and steroids. Generally the greatest correlation is with hormones of the same biochemical class, although the 17-hydroxycorticosteroid level is more strongly correlated with the adrenaline level than is the level of noradrenaline. PMID- 6682305 TI - The effect of prostaglandin E1 in patients undergoing clinical cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on protection of platelets during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was evaluated in 9 patients, who were compared with an identical control group of 10 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. To evaluate the hemodynamic side-effects, PGE1 (0.05 micrograms/kg/min) was infused prior to CPB, resulting in a 26% drop in mean systemic arterial pressure. With this dose, no inhibition of the adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation could be measured in the pulmonary artery sample. During CPB, the same infusion dose resulted in a severe drop in systemic arterial pressure below 50 mm Hg in 7 of the 9 patients. In 5 of these patients, volume load and phenylephrine infusion could not compensate for the pressure drop, and PGE1 had to be reduced to 0.02 micrograms/kg/min. Platelet aggregation was reduced significantly in the PGE1-treated group compared with the control group, but not completely inhibited during CPB. However, in the postbypass period no platelet preservation was seen in the PGE1 group. In both groups, platelet number and function were equally low. No differences were measured in blood loss or blood transfusion requirements. Except for hypotension, no side-effects of the PGE1 treatment were seen. It is concluded that the hypotension caused by minimal doses of PGE1 during CPB precluded using higher doses, which might have had a greater effect on platelet inhibition. These hypotensive side-effects should be reduced or eliminated before PGE1 can be expected to have the same protective effect on platelet damage that has been demonstrated in animal experiments. PMID- 6682306 TI - Celiac disease and geographic (serpiginous) choroidopathy with occurrence of thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6682307 TI - Premenstrual depressive changes. Value of differentiation. AB - Premenstrual depressive changes and differential correlates of specific subtypes of premenstrual dysphoria vary. Our data support two basic assumptions: (1) Premenstrual changes should be studied as diversified subtypes rather than as a single premenstrual tension syndrome; such an approach might lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of specific types of premenstrual changes. (2) Some specific subtypes of premenstrual changes of a depressive nature resemble some subtypes of affective disorder and, hence, may serve as a model for the study of these disorders. PMID- 6682309 TI - [Secretory activity of pancreatic acinar cells at different times of the day, and the sequence of secretory granule maturation]. AB - Certain parameters of secretory activity of the pancreatic acinus as a system consisting of separate cells were verified at the electron microscopic level. Thirty male Wistar rats were investigated; they were sacrificed by one every 49 min for 3 days. Volumetric portion of the condensing vacuoles, zymogen granules and all granules of the secrete within the limits of the cytoplasm zone, where these granules were present, as well as number of the granules and an average volume of separate condensing vacuoles and zymogen granules were estimated. The results of measurements were smoothed out by the method for calculating the sliding averages in order to expel frequent oscillations with the period up to 5 hours. Changes in the exported proteins reserves at various phases of the secretory cycle were obtained by fluctuations in the secreted granule numbers and their individual volumes. After an ecologically adequate feeding in the evening, the number of the condensing vacuoles increased, and then, in 1-1.5 h did the number of the zymogen granules. Increase in the cell synthesizing activity also resulted in increasing average volume of separate condencing vacoules and zymogen granules. The rhythmicity of different parameters characterizing the secretory process was coordinated, that demonstrated certain synchronization of individual secretory cycles in separate cells, nevertheless, it was not complete, since for synchronization of the whole population of the acinar cells at the stage of the zymogen granules maturation it was necessary 0.5-1 hour. PMID- 6682308 TI - Accumulation of altered viral nucleocapsids in mumps virus--persistently infected cell cultures. AB - Two long-term human cell cultures persistently infected with mumps virus accumulated increased amounts of morphologically altered viral nucleocapsids. Alterations involved size, heterogeneity, fine structure and shape. RNA present in intracellular nucleocapsids was predominantly of subgenomic size. PMID- 6682310 TI - Dual delivery system for argon laser photocoagulation. Improved techniques of the binocular indirect argon laser photocoagulator. AB - A dual delivery system provided alternate delivery of the laser beam to the slit lamp and binocular ophthalmoscope. Ophthalmologists may choose between the two systems in accordance with the nature and location of the fundus lesion. A pilot study comparing the rate of laser hit between the slit-lamp photocoagulator and the binocular indirect argon laser photocoagulator (BIALP) showed that accuracy was better with the slit lamp and BIALP when they were operated in the sitting position than with the BIALP operated in the standing position. A photo-electric safety switch was attached to the blocking filter of the BIALP to protect operator's and patient's eyes. The improved machine and techniques increased the efficiency and safety of argon laser photocoagulation. Postoperative use of the BIALP was of particular value. Laser photocoagulation in children's eyes became possible for the first time with the BIALP. PMID- 6682311 TI - Cataracts produced by argon laser photocoagulation. PMID- 6682312 TI - Multiple use of progesterone releasing intravaginal devices for synchronisation of oestrus and ovulation in cattle. PMID- 6682313 TI - Conception rates in cows after various synchronisation techniques using progesterone releasing intravaginal devices. PMID- 6682314 TI - Pain sensitivity and coping strategies among dysmenorrheic women: much ado about nothing. PMID- 6682315 TI - Factor structure of the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire: relationship to oral contraceptives, neuroticism and life stress. PMID- 6682316 TI - Nuclear localization of a glucocorticoid antagonist in cultured hepatoma cells. AB - The binding characteristics of promegestone, a typical antagonist of glucocorticoid action, has been investigated. We localized [3H] promegestone in the nuclei purified from steroid-treated HTC cells but the radioactivity specifically bound to the nucleus was much lower for the antagonist than for an inducer steroid, for instance dexamethasone. We attempted to define the nature of the "nuclear" activity and found that promegestone does not bind to the perinuclear membrane but is associated with the chromatin fraction. PMID- 6682317 TI - Incorporation of 35S into glycosaminoglycans of ovarian follicular and luteal tissue isolated during the guinea-pig oestrous cycle. PMID- 6682318 TI - [Pharmaceutical chemical and analytical data for the pharmaceutically-active substance carteolol hydrochloride]. AB - A short survey of the chemistry of beta-blockers provides a description of the synthesis of carteolol hydrochloride (5-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-3,4 dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone- hydrochloride), the new pharmaceutically active substance of Endak and Endak mite tablets, and outlines some of its properties. PMID- 6682319 TI - [Animal experimental studies on the pharmacokinetics of carteolol]. AB - From investigations in rats and dogs it is known that the proportion of 5-(3-tert butylamino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-3, 4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone hydrochloride (carteolol hydrochloride, Endak, Endak mite) absorbed after oral administration is 60-80%. In dogs (as in human beings) most of it is excreted via the kidneys, but in rats biliary elimination predominates. In addition to 8-hydroxycarteolol- which also possesses pharmacological activity--the main metabolites found in dogs and rats are glucuronides of carteolol and 8-hydroxycarteolol. The elimination half-lives in dogs, rats and rabbits are between 1.2 and 3.0 h. Distribution studies point to the existence of a blood-brain barrier (rats and dogs) and a placental barrier (mice). The apparent volume of distribution measured after i.v. injection was from 2.5 to 8.5 l/kg depending on species. Passage into the milk was demonstrated in rats. Plasma protein binding is minimal. In a long-term study in dogs there was no evidence of cumulation except at the very high dosage of 200 mg/kg. PMID- 6682320 TI - [Toxicology of carteolol]. AB - Studies of the acute toxicity of 5-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-3, 4 dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone hydrochloride (carteolol hydrochloride, Endak, Endak mite) in various species by different modes of administration revealed comparatively slight necropsy and histological changes despite characteristic clinical features of poisoning, There were only minor discrepancies in LD50 between the different species, and no sex differences were observed. The LD50 was 2000-4000 times the therapeutic dose. Death is thought to be due to excessive enhancement of the pharmacological action of the sympathomimetic component with extreme abnormalities of blood distribution and interference with cardiac and lung function. In subchronic and chronic toxicity tests in rats no effects due to the drug were demonstrable for doses of up to 150 mg/kg. In dogs the highest dose free from side-effects was between 3 and 30 mg/kg. Above 10 times the therapeutic dose there was some increase in brown adipose tissue, but this is not thought to be of any pathological significance. No teratogenic effects were detected in experiments on mice, rats and rabbits, and no embryotoxic or fetotoxic activity was seen except for doses high enough to produce toxic effects in the mother animals. No carcinogenic properties were identified. Tests for mutagenic effects (S. typhimurium, E. coli, cytogenetic studies in rats, dominant lethal test) yielded negative results. PMID- 6682321 TI - [Human pharmacology of carteolol]. PMID- 6682322 TI - [Hemodynamic studies at rest and under stress in patients with coronary heart disease after administration of carteolol]. AB - In 17 patients with coronary heart disease the influence of the beta-blocking agent 5-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-3, 4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone hydrochloride) (carteolol hydrochloride, Endak, Endak mite) (0.4 mg i.v.) on heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac index, stroke volume index and pulmonary artery pressure at rest and during exercise was investigated. During exercise heart rate and cardiac index decrease significantly (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.05, respectively). The differences in the stroke volume indices are not significant. The relationship between stroke volume index and mean pressure in the pulmonary artery shows a slight decrease after administration of carteolol at rest and a small increase of the mean pressure in the pulmonary artery during exercise. In patients with coronary heart disease left ventricular function does not change significantly at rest and during exercise after administration of carteolol. PMID- 6682324 TI - [Carteolol in essential hypertension. Dose range study and controlled open trial in comparison with pindolol]. PMID- 6682323 TI - [Heart rate behavior and the ischemic ST-segment under carteolol hydrochloride. Dose-response relationship and duration of effect]. AB - 1. The dose-response relation and duration of action of the beta-blocking agent 5 (3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone hydrochloride (carteolol hydrochloride, Endak, Endak mite) were investigated by means of exercise testing under randomized, double-blind conditions in two groups of healthy probands (n = 9 and n = 9, respectively). 2. The effect of 2 mg carteolol p.o. on changes in heart rate, ischemic ST-segment depression, and blood pressure was studied in 10 patients with coronary heart disease using an exercise test performed 2 h after ingestion of the drug. 3. In terms of exercise heart rate, a clear dose-response relation was demonstrated over the range of dosages (1 and 5 mg) employed. Exercise heart rate was reduced by 10% after a single dose of approximately 0.5 mg. The beta-blocking effect of 0.2 mg carteolol, however, remains unconfirmed. A dosage increase from 5 to 25 mg yields only a slight additional effect. The therapeutically attainable maximal reduction in the rise in exercise heart rate should be about 20%. 4. 24 h after a single dose of carteolol, 60-90% of the initial drug effect was still evident. 5. Resting and standing heart rate were not influenced significantly by 1, 2, 5 or 25 mg carteolol. The groups displayed a somewhat variable response. 6. 2 h after intake of 2 mg carteolol, mean ischemic ST-segment depression was reduced by somewhat more than 50%. Blood pressure at rest remained unchanged, whereas the rise in systolic blood pressure during exercise was lowered significantly. 7. In comparison with other beta-blocking agents, carteolol was effective at low dosage levels and retained considerable potency 24 h after ingestion. In many cases, once--daily administration should be adequate to yield a satisfactory clinical response. PMID- 6682325 TI - [Hypotensive effect of carteolol in patients with essential hypertension]. AB - The ability of 5-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-3, 4-dihydro-2(1H) quinolinone hydrochloride (carteolol hydrochloride, Endak, Endak mite) to lower the blood pressure was tested in an open clinical study on 66 patients with I-III degree essential hypertension. The results for 49 of the 66 patients were interpretable after 4 weeks, and for 39 of them after 12 weeks. Even with a single dose of 5 mg/day 33 of the patients had normalized blood pressures after 4 weeks (systolic less than 160, diastolic less than 95 mmHg); in a further 6 patients 10 mg led to normal blood pressure. For 10 patients, 4 weeks on 10 mg did not lead to an adequate response. After 12 weeks, of the 39 cases that could be checked, 19 were normalized on 5 mg, 2 on 10 mg and another 4 on 15 mg. Even 15 mg was insufficient to reduce the blood pressure of 14 of the patients adequately. Carteolol, at doses of 5-15 mg/day, caused a therapeutically acceptable lowering of the blood pressure in 60-80% of cases of essential hypertension of all 3 degrees of severity. Only 5 of the patients suffered from side-effects, none of which caused the treatment to be abandoned. A bradycardia was never observed during up to 12 weeks of continuous treatment. Tachycardias reverted to sinus rhythms of normal frequency. Blood pressure measurement by the patients themselves proved successful. PMID- 6682326 TI - [Treatment of essential hypertension with the beta-receptor antagonist carteolol. A multicenter study]. PMID- 6682327 TI - [Clinical results with carteolol in patients with arrhythmias]. AB - The results are summarized of 13 published investigations of the beta-blocker 5 (3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-3, 4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone hydrochloride (carteolol hydrochloride, Endak, Endak mite) with a total of 378 patients suffering from cardiac rhythm irregularities (tachycardias, extrasystoles (ES), arrhythmias). Carteolol is markedly effective against sinus tachycardia caused by functionally dependent cardiac arrhythmia, hyperthyroidism or other factors. Average daily doses of 2-10 mg produced convincing reductions in the heart rate (up to 23.5%) within two weeks. This was particularly the case for patients with initial rates of more than 100 beats/min. whereas the normal heart frequency was not affected by carteolol. The substance was also effective against beat rate increases caused by stress in patients with sinus tachycardia. Ventricular extrasystoles (63.4% efficacy) and supraventricular extrasystoles (80% efficacy) could be effectively improved. A double-blind trial of carteolol against propranolol in the treatment of extrasystoles indicates the superiority of carteolol after three weeks. Patients with frequency of 10-19 ES/min were, in particular, significantly more frequently improved. The frequency of side-effects was 4%; a discontinuation of therapy was requisite in 4 patients (1.1%). PMID- 6682328 TI - Prevention of hypercholesterolemia in cholesterol-fed chickens by high-casein and high-soybean protein diets. AB - Chickens were fed cholesterol-enriched semipurified diets containing two levels (20% and 50%, w/w) of casein or soybean protein for 29 days. The ingestion of the cholesterol-enriched diets containing 20% casein or soybean protein resulted in markedly elevated levels of serum cholesterol, compared with the feeding of a cholesterol-free control diet containing 20% soybean protein. However, this hypercholesterolemic response could be prevented by feeding high-casein and high soybean protein diets (50%). Similarly, lower levels of serum triglycerides and phospholipids were observed in the chickens fed the 50% protein diets compared with those fed the 20% protein diets. The excess of serum cholesterol and phospholipids in the 20% protein groups was mainly carried in the VLDL and to a lesser extent in the IDL fraction; this was associated with a decrease of cholesterol and phospholipids in the LDL fraction. The amount of cholesterol in the liver paralleled the cholesterol concentrations in the serum; the chickens fed the 20% protein diets exhibited significantly higher concentrations of liver cholesterol than those on the 50% protein diets. Thus, in chickens, the proportion of protein in the diet significantly affects the levels of serum and liver cholesterol, whereas there is practically no differential cholesterolemic effect of casein and soybean protein in the diet. PMID- 6682329 TI - The nature of dietary protein and serum cholesterol. PMID- 6682330 TI - Dopamine: mesocortical vs nigrostriatal uptake in isolated fighting mice and controls. AB - Acute isolation-induced fighting in mice produced a striking 'dose-dependent' increase in Km and Vmax for DA uptake in mesocortical nerve endings (synaptosomes) but no significant changes for these uptake constants in nigrostriatal terminals. The selective response of the mesocortical system to fighting is similar to that reported for other affective paradigms and stress. Several controls were carried out simultaneously to sort out neurotransmitter responses due to aggressive behavior from those due to secondary behaviors which accompany fighting. Non-significant or borderline increases in Km and Vmax for mesocortical DA uptake were noted in (i) animals permitted to witness fighting but prevented from participating, (ii) those subjected to the stress of a mock fighting situation and (iii) animals simply handled by the investigator, but in no case were the control values increased to the magnitude produced by fighting. (iv) Group-housed animals showed no mesocortical response when placed in the arena with isolated mice. They retired to the corners and would not fight. These mild to negative control findings indicate that the marked cortical responses seen in the fighting animals are not due to (i) anticipation of the fight, (ii) physical stress and motor activity, (iii) placing the animals in the combat arena, or (iv) isolation. Significant changes in nigrostriatal DA reactivity were noted only in the isolated animals prevented from fighting where there was a decrease in Km and Vmax for DA uptake. PMID- 6682331 TI - Handling in infancy, brain laterality and muricide in rats. AB - Rats were handled for the first 20 days of life or were not disturbed. Between 21 and 50 days approximately half of each group was reared in enriched environments while the remainder was group reared in laboratory cages. When adult, four males from each litter received a right neocortical ablation, a left ablation, a sham operation, or no surgery. They were tested for mouse killing between 9-12 months of age. Intact non-handled controls without enrichment experience had a 96% incidence of muricide. Handling and enrichment treatments independently and additively reduced the rate of mouse killing in animals with intact brains. There was no evidence of brain laterality for animals which received no extra stimulation in early life. In contrast, the brains of handled animals were lateralized, with the left lesion group having a higher killing response than the right. Non-lesioned handled rats had approximately the same level of muricide as those with a right hemisphere lesion, leading to the inference that in the intact brain the left hemisphere inhibits the killing response of the right. PMID- 6682332 TI - Hyperactivity in rats following postnatal anoxia. AB - A model of hyperactive rats was produced by exposing pups to severe anoxia within 24 h following birth. These rats demonstrated augmented motor activity in ambulation, sniffing and rearing activities in an open field. Activity was significantly increased at 10 days of age, maximal at 20-25 days and returned to normal values around 6 weeks of age. PMID- 6682333 TI - Preoptic area and substantia nigra interact in the control of maternal behavior in the rat. AB - This study provides evidence that the preoptic region and the substantia nigra interact in the control of maternal behavior. In the first experiment, large electrolytic lesions of the substantia nigra were found to severely disrupt maternal behavior and cause stereotyped motor activity in postpartum lactating rats. In order to test the hypothesis that the preoptic region and the substantia nigra interact in the control of maternal behavior, a second experiment employed an asymmetrical lesion design. Postpartum lactating rats that received a unilateral knife cut severing the lateral connections of the medial preoptic area and a contralateral lesion of the substantia nigra showed larger deficits in maternal behavior than either sham females or females that received a unilateral preoptic knife cut paired with an ipsilateral substantia nigra lesion. Measurements of body weights, body temperatures, and stereotyped behavior indicated that the differences in maternal behavior between the ipsilateral and contralateral groups could not be explained on the basis of nonspecific effects. PMID- 6682334 TI - Discrete subvalvar aortic stenosis after tetralogy of Fallot repair. PMID- 6682335 TI - A comparison of liver protein induction in postmenopausal women during oral and percutaneous oestrogen replacement therapy. AB - Two groups of postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms were investigated during unopposed cyclic replacement therapy with tablets of micronized 17 beta oestradiol (2 mg daily) and percutaneous 17 beta-oestradiol (3 mg daily). The resultant serum levels of 17 beta-oestradiol, total oestrone and three liver proteins: sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), pregnancy-zone protein (PZP) and caeruloplasmin were followed. In both groups similar levels of serum 17 beta oestradiol (ca 500 pM) were recorded, while the increase of total oestrone was much more pronounced after oral treatment. During oral therapy the serum levels of all three proteins showed a marked increase after the first cycle and the levels then remained stable. In contrast, protein levels were unchanged during percutaneous treatment, in spite of the highly increased concentrations of circulating oestrogens. This observation is important as several side-effects of oestrogen therapy may be related to liver function. PMID- 6682336 TI - Hormonal treatments of sexual unresponsiveness in postmenopausal women: a comparative study. AB - Forty postmenopausal women, referred for hormone replacement therapy and all of whom reported a significant concern about a decline in their sexual interest, were randomly allocated to one of two hormone implant treatment groups: either oestradiol (50 mg) alone, or oestradiol (50 mg) and testosterone (100 mg). Comparison between the two groups as a whole revealed no significant differences on any measure, both treatments being associated with a significant reduction in the severity of psychological, somatic and vasomotor symptoms, and with a significant improvement in sexual interest and responsiveness. Similar effects were also observed in patients who denied, pretreatment, any concurrent dyspareunia. Although it is not possible to identify the reasons for change, the results indicate no advantages of supplementary testosterone administration over oestradiol alone for sexually unresponsive postmenopausal women. PMID- 6682337 TI - Differential effects of alkali metal chlorides on formation of giant liposomes by freezing and thawing and dialysis. PMID- 6682338 TI - Differential effects of concanavalin A and succinyl concanavalin A on the macromolecular events of platelet activation. AB - Concanavalin A is capable of activating platelets in a concentration-dependent manner as judged by [14C]serotonin secretion from prelabeled platelets. In contrast, succinyl concanavalin A does not induce platelet secretion. Concanavalin A treatment also results in a number of alterations in platelet macromolecules which are presumably associated with the process of platelet activation. These include the phosphorylation of 20 and 47 kDa platelet proteins, the increased polymerization and association of new proteins with the platelet cytoskeleton and the association of the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/III complex with the platelet cytoskeleton. Succinyl concanavalin A treatment results in none of these macromolecular events. This difference is observed despite the demonstration that both lectins bind to the platelet surface. Gel overlay experiments also indicate that concanavalin A and succinyl concanavalin A bind to the same receptors. These differences in the biological effects of concanavalin A and succinyl concanavalin A on platelets may be due to decreased receptor crosslinking by the succinylated derivative. The formation of multiple linked interactions between surface receptors may be an important event in the activation of platelets by concanavalin A. PMID- 6682339 TI - [Use of bromthymol blue for studying the thermotropic properties of the liposomes from egg lecithin]. AB - The dependence of the turbidity changes at 615 nm monobilayers liposomes from egg yolk lecithin in the presence of bromothymol blue on temperature and storage conditions has been investigated. It is established that the thermotropic properties of liposomes change irregularly and depend on the storage conditions. Sharp release of the bound dye at temperature above 35-37 degrees C is associated with thermotropic change in liposomes and the detected effects, with the change of orientation of the phosphorylcholine group. PMID- 6682340 TI - Compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in the long-term hemicastrate rat: size distribution of growing and atretic follicles. AB - In the intact rat, on estrus, the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) surge recruits nearly twice the correct number of follicles for ovulation, then, on metestrus, the excess follicles undergo atresia. In contrast, in the long-term hemicastrate rat, the FSH surge recruits fewer antral follicles on estrus, but there is little atresia on metestrus. To determine if fewer follicles are recruited by the FSH surge of long-term hemicastrates because the pool of follicles capable of responding to the FSH is smaller than in intact rats, preantral, antral, atretic, and healthy follicles were counted in ovaries of rats killed on each day of the estrous cycle. In general, there were only half as many healthy preantral follicles per rat in hemicastrates compared with intacts. There were an equal number of large antral follicles per rat in hemicastrates compared with intacts. Thus, compensatory hypertrophy did not extend to preantral follicles but was evident in large preovulatory follicles. These results suggest that fewer follicles are recruited on estrus in hemicastrate rats because fewer follicles are at the appropriate stage of development to respond to the FSH surge. PMID- 6682341 TI - Quantification of the X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa of domestic animals by flow cytometry. AB - The relative content of DNA in spermatozoa presumed to be the X- and Y-chromosome bearing gametes from bulls, boars, rams and rabbits and the amount of DNA in spermatozoa of cockerels was determined by flow cytometry. Differences in the relative content of DNA and proportions of the presumed X- and Y-sperm populations in cryopreserved semen from Holstein, Jersey, Angus, Hereford and Brahman bulls were also determined. Spermatozoa were washed by centrifugation using a series of dimethyl sulfoxide solutions made in isotonic sodium citrate, fixed in ethanol, treated with papain and dithioerythritol to loosen the chromatin structure and remove cellular organelles, and stained quantitatively for DNA with the fluorochrome 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Approximately 5000 stained sperm nuclei, which were nonviable due to the removal of other cellular organelles during the washing procedure, were measured for DNA in an epi illumination flow cytometer. A single distinct peak for cockerel spermatozoa and two symmetrical, overlapping peaks for species with X- and Y-spermatozoa were seen. This and other evidence strongly supports the interpretation that the peaks represent the X- and Y-sperm populations. The content of DNA in sperm nuclei from cockerels, bulls, boars, rams and rabbits, as determined by fluorescence flow cytometry, corresponded to biochemical estimates of DNA per sperm cell. Analyses of the bimodal histograms by computer-fitting two Gaussian distributions to the data showed the means of the peaks differed by 3.9, 3.7, 4.1 and 3.9% for bulls, boars, rams and rabbits, respectively. In four replicate analyses of semen from 25 bulls representing 5 breeds, the average population of sperm nuclei in the Y peaks ranged from 49.5 to 50.5% for all breeds. The X-Y peak differences did not vary within each breed, but were significantly different when the breeds were compared. Spermatozoa from Jersey bulls had larger X-Y peak differences (P less than 0.001) than spermatozoa from Holstein, Hereford, and Angus bulls; spermatozoa from Brahman bulls had smaller X-Y differences (P less than 0.004). It is suggested from the evidence obtained in these studies that flow cytometry can be used to assess the proportion of X- and Y-spermatozoa in semen of domestic animals and is thereby applicable to verification of the effectiveness of enrichment techniques for X- or Y-spermatozoa. PMID- 6682342 TI - A study of factors affecting the success of human fertilization in vitro. II. Influence of semen quality and oocyte maturity on fertilization and cleavage. AB - The incidence of in vitro fertilization was analyzed with respect to the degree of cumulus dissociation (expansion) at the time of oocyte recovery and also the semen quality. Of the oocytes surrounded by perfectly ("++") or moderately ("+") dissociated cumuli, 78.6% and 30.8%, respectively (P less than 0.001), were fertilized when the husband's semen analysis was in the normal range. The proportion of fertilized oocytes was not decreased in cases of polyzoospermia (greater than 130 X 10(6) spermatozoa/ml), but was decreased (P less than 0.05) when the semen analysis revealed other anomalies: oligozoospermia (less than 15 X 10(6) spermatozoa/ml), asthenozoospermia (less than 50% motile cells) or teratozoospermia (greater than 50% abnormal spermatozoa). The proportion of fertilized eggs cleaving in vitro was unaffected by semen quality but was lower when "+" cumulus oocytes were collected than when "++" cumulus oocytes were obtained (58.3% vs. 87.0%, P less than 0.02). In vitro incubation of the oocyte prior to insemination increased the incidence of fertilization by about 28% for both "+" (22.2 to 50.0%) and "++" (65.7 to 93.9%) cumulus oocytes. Finally, 67.6% of "++" cumulus oocytes developed into embryos when the insemination with spermatozoa from normal semen samples was delayed by several hours, compared with only 29.0% when the conditions were suboptimal ("+" cumulus oocyte, abnormal semen analysis or no delay prior to insemination). Eight pregnancies began following the replacement of 38 embryos in 34 patients. Six spontaneous abortions occurred, and chromosomal abnormalities were proven in the two cases analyzed. Two pregnancies continued for more than 3 months, resulting in term deliveries of two normal babies. PMID- 6682343 TI - Effect of pronase treatment, microdissection, and zona pellucida removal on the development of porcine embryos and blastomeres in vitro. AB - The in vitro development of porcine blastomeres and the effects of pronase treatment, microdissection, and zona pellucida removal used in the isolation procedure were investigated. Seven hundred and forty-nine two to eight-cell embryos were collected from 11 sows and 74 gilts. Zona-free porcine blastomeres (ISOL BL) were obtained by treating embryos with 2.5 or 5.0% pronase for 3.0 min and microdissecting with finely drawn siliconized glass pipettes. The effect of the pronase treatment on subsequent in vitro development was evaluated by treating two to eight-cell embryos with 5.0% pronase for 3.0 min (PTD EMB). The effect of pronase treatment and microdissection on in vitro development was evaluated by microdissecting PTD EMB, leaving one blastomere bounded by the zona pellucida (BL ZP). Untreated two to eight-cell embryos were cultured as controls (CONTROLS). Embryos and blastomeres were cultured individually in microdrops of Whitten's medium with 15 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (WM + BSA) under paraffin oil in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 37 degrees C. Observations were conducted at 24-h intervals and at the cessation of division embryos were fixed, stained, nuclei enumerated, and cleavage indices assigned. Blastocysts and vesiculated embryos which developed were measured using an ocular micrometer. The incidence of blastocyst formation was greater (P less than 0.05) for ISOL BL from four-cell than from two or eight-cell embryos. The presence of the zona pellucida did not significantly affect the incidence of blastocyst formation by single blastomeres. Although ISOL BL did not develop as well as CONTROLS or PTD EMB (P less than 0.05), development of BL ZP was not significantly different from the respective PTD EMB. Blastocysts developing from blastomeres had fewer cells and were smaller than CONTROLS or PTD EMB (P less than 0.05). Although development of ISOL BL may have been impaired by the isolation procedures employed, BL ZP are capable of in vitro development comparable to their respective PTD EMB. PMID- 6682344 TI - Genetics of neurosis. The effects of sampling variation upon the twin concordance ratio. AB - In a study of 229 neurotic same-sex adult twins admitted to all psychiatric in- and out-patient clinics and mental hospitals in Norway, a statistically significant, moderately higher concordance was found for MZ than for DZ twins. When the sample was subdivided, this higher concordance for MZ pairs was true only for male twins and for twins admitted to mental hospitals. The results are compared to those from earlier studies; different findings on the importance of genetic factors in the development of neuroses may be due to differences in sample selection. PMID- 6682345 TI - The management of female incontinence by suprapubic catheterisation, with or without urethral closure. AB - Thirty-two female patients with continued urinary incontinence, following a period of urethral catheterisation, have been treated by suprapubic catheterisation. A technique is described for closure of the female urethra and this has been effective in 20 out of 24 patients. The procedure has been undertaken in some patients with advanced neurological disease and in the presence of pressure sores. PMID- 6682346 TI - Periurethral Teflon injection: a simple treatment for urinary incontinence. AB - The follow-up of 28 patients with urinary incontinence treated with periurethral Teflon injection revealed significant improvement in 53.6% and complete cure in 21.4%. Patients most likely to benefit were those with weak sphincters and stable detrusors. The method is quick and safe and requires only a brief hospital stay. It is suitable for patients in whom conventional operative techniques have failed or in whom surgery is best avoided on medical grounds. PMID- 6682347 TI - Concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone in plasma and defatted milk of cattle during the oestrous cycle. PMID- 6682348 TI - Diurnal variation in urine [15N]urea content, estimates of whole body protein turnover, and isotope recycling in healthy meal-fed children with cystic fibrosis. AB - The pattern of urinary urea excretion and labelling with 15N was examined in eight meal-fed 6 to 9 year old children, over a 3-day period using a simulated constant infusion of the label. The children had cystic fibrosis but were healthy and in a good nutritional status at the time of the study. Reciprocal diurnal patterns of urea excretion and [15N]urea enrichment were noted and found to be suitable for mathematical description. Urea excretion was maximal in the evening at approximately 2000 and minimal at 0800, whereas the [15N]urea enrichment was maximal at about 0800 and minimal at 2000. In addition to the diurnal variation the [15N]urea enrichment increased exponentially to a plateau or isotopic steady state. The diurnal variation in [15N]urea enrichment resulted in large diurnal changes in the calculated rates of whole body amino nitrogen flux, synthesis, and breakdown. Flux rates were approximately 44% higher in the evening than in the morning. Synthesis rates were 19% higher in the evening, whereas breakdown rates were 27% greater in the morning. Mean amino nitrogen flux rates were 1.28 (SD 0.13) . g N . kg-1 . day-1. Isotope recycling was estimated from the slope of the [15N]urea enrichment curve between 30 and 54 h from the start of the study. There was a wide range in recycling, 2.9 - 19.4% (mean 11.4, SD 5.4). Some of the biological and pharmacological importance of the diurnal variation in the protein metabolism is discussed. PMID- 6682349 TI - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) administered by 24-hour infusion in the treatment of patients with advanced upper aerodigestive cancer. AB - A regression rate of 12% (4/33) among patients with advanced upper aerodigestive carcinomas who received an intravenous regimen of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, 90 mg/m2/24 hours each three weeks was achieved. The response rate was 13% (3/23) among patients with typical squamous cell carcinoma. Most individuals had received extensive prior surgery and/or radiation therapy. Nineteen patients had ECOG performance score 0, 1. A median time to progression and survival of 1.6 months and 6.7 months, respectively, were associated with moderate to severe nausea and vomiting in virtually all patients. These results differ from previous reports of single agent platinum regimens which have achieved regression rates of approximately 40% among apparently comparable patients. Subtle clinically inapparent differences between study populations and the influence of yet unrecognized covariates may have impacted on the response discrepancy. Innovative studies of the high-dose, infusion platinum therapy may clarify the efficacy of the program in patients with advanced head and neck cancer. PMID- 6682350 TI - Steroid receptors in breast angiosarcoma. AB - The presence of receptors for estrogen, glucocorticoid and progesterone was determined in the cytosol of two breast angiosarcomas. Estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors were present in both of them. Progesterone receptors were present in one of the two tumors assayed. Occupied nuclear estrogen receptors have been found in the nuclear extracts of both tumors. Unoccupied nuclear receptors were found only in the progesterone-positive tumor. Density gradient analysis suggested that glucocorticoid and estrogen bindings were located predominantly in the 6S and 7 to 8S regions, whereas receptor for progesterone sedimented at 4S. PMID- 6682351 TI - Choriocarcinoma, thyrotoxicosis, and the Klinefelter syndrome. AB - A patient with the combined features of Klinefelter syndrome, thyrotoxicosis and a primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma is reported. Review of the literature reveals that extragonadal germ cell tumors appear to be significantly associated with the Klinefelter syndrome. The reason for this is presently unclear but may involve an unusual propensity of the extragonadal aneuploid germ cell to undergo malignant degeneration. PMID- 6682352 TI - In vitro modulation of mouse natural killer (NK) cell activity by the serum thymic factor (FTS). AB - Previous studies indicated that the serum thymic factor (FTS) could modulate in vivo the level of splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice. The present report shows that such an effect is also observed after a short term in vitro incubation of the effector cells with FTS. The regulatory effects of FTS result in an increase or a decrease of the splenic NK cell cytotoxicity depending upon the age and the mouse strain. Furthermore, FTS is able to enhance the NK cell activity of thymus and bone marrow cells which are known to be weakly reactive in NK cytotoxicity. Depletion experiments demonstrated that the FTS-induced increase of NK cell activity was not mediated by Thy 1+ cells nor macrophages, thus suggesting a direct action of FTS on the effector cells. Comparative studies using other thymic hormones revealed similar patterns of reactivity. These results favor the hypothesis of a close relationship between the thymus and NK cells. PMID- 6682353 TI - [Lithium and male sexuality]. PMID- 6682355 TI - Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase: stability of isoenzymes and their activity in stored human plasma and prostatic tissue extracts and effect of sample dilution. AB - We examined the effect of storing human plasma or extracts of prostate at -90 degrees C on the activity of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase and isoenzyme distribution. Enzyme activities were unaltered during storage for as long as six weeks. If these preparations were thawed only once at 2 to 4 degrees C, they could be stored for as long as 165 days at -90 degrees C with no change in isoenzyme distribution. Inexplicably, apparent isoenzyme distribution of prostatic lactate dehydrogenase was sensitive to sample dilution, whereas the isoenzyme distribution of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma was not. Our observations emphasize the importance of validating details of analytical protocols that are to be used for quantification of new types of specimens. PMID- 6682354 TI - [Nutritional survey in Upper Volta. I. Importance and forms of malnutrition]. AB - The nutritional status of a randomly selected sample population has been investigated in Upper Volta in 1978. The estimated mortality rate among the preschool children population (0-5 years) is as high as 39%. Up to 6% of the children 0-9 years old were found to be wasted and stunted. Older children and adults are regularly underweight although their muscular arm circumference is an average acceptable by reference to international standard. The prevalence of anemia in the whole population is round 30% and case of xerophthalmia may be observed in the country. PMID- 6682356 TI - [Androgen binding protein in prostate]. PMID- 6682357 TI - [Evaluation of ionized calcium--first report]. PMID- 6682358 TI - Mixed gonadal dysgenesis and sex chromosome mosaicism with multiple cell lines including structural aberrations of the Y chromosome. AB - A case of mixed (asymmetric) gonadal dysgenesis is reported in a girl with ambiguous external genitalia, a right intra-abdominal testis, a left streak gonad containing follicle-like structures devoid of oocytes and bilateral Mullerian derivatives. Buccal smear cells were X-chromatin negative and a Y-chromatin body was present in 31% of cells. Cytogenetic studies in peripheral blood leucocyte cultures showed sex chromosome mosaicism with cell lines including structural abnormalities of the Y chromosome in 36% of the cells: 45,X/46,XY/46,X + i(Yp)/46,X, + Yq-/47,XYY/47,XY + Yq-. PMID- 6682359 TI - Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis associated with X-linked ichthyosis in two brothers. PMID- 6682360 TI - Stress damage to nonischemic divisions of the heart in experimental infarction and its prevention. AB - Recently, it has been shown that nonischemic parts of the heart in myocardial infarction were separated from ischemic damaged ones by a sharp border zone. In this connection, the disturbance of contractile function of the myocardium of nonischemic parts is suggested to result from the infarction-concomitant emotional-painful stress. In order to test this assumption, the contractile function of the right auricle, which is an a priori nonischemic heart division, was studied in rats subjected to myocardial infarction of the left ventricle. In the study of the isolated auricle the following facts were established: 1 day after the induced infarction the atrial myocardium shows reduced extensibility, depression of the Starling curve, a concomitant approximately twofold decrease of the maximal systolic tension, and a reduced myocardial resistance to hypoxia and calcium excess. This complex of shifts, first, is completely reproduced without myocardial infarction by emotional-painful stress and, second, can be prevented to a considerable extent by propranolol indicating that it is essentially stress induced. In infarction, these above said stress-induced disturbances of the contractile function of nonischemic divisions of the heart were found to be prevented or limited by factors stabilizing the membranous lipid bilayer of cardiomyocytes, i.e., by antioxidant ionol, by nicotinamide, a lipase inhibitor, and by chloroquine, a phospholipase inhibitor. The aspects of application of these factors for the therapy of ischemic heart disease requires further studies. PMID- 6682361 TI - Dystrophy of Purkinje cell dendrites and vacuolar myelinopathy of the upper brain stem in young Turkish twin girls: secondary encephalopathy or genetic disorder? AB - Two Turkish twin sisters exhibited alteration of muscle tonus and coordination together with a disturbance of eye motility and a tendency toward central tonoclonic seizures at the age of 2 months. The two children died at the ages of 8 1/2 and 12 months. Microscopic findings in the cerebellum of one of the cases showed cactuslike thickenings of the Purkinje cell dendrites and grumose degeneration in the nucleus dentatus. In addition, vacuolar myelinopathy of the myelinated fiber systems of the upper brain stem was observed. A hereditary disorder of the central nervous system is discussed. PMID- 6682363 TI - Perspective on the black walnut toxicity problem--apparent allergies to man and horse. PMID- 6682362 TI - Renal handling of the monobactam azthreonam in healthy subjects. AB - Azthreonam is a new completely synthetic, monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic with potent activity in vitro against most gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Its renal handling was studied in six healthy men after an intravenous loading dose of 1200 mg over 2 min followed by a continuous infusion of 500 mg/hr for 4 hr with and without oral probenecid (1 gm b.i.d. for 2 days before azthreonam infusion and during the day of infusion). To assess glomerular filtration, each subject also received an intravenous loading dose and continuous infusion of inulin. Azthreonam was excreted in the urine by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion in essentially equal proportions. Probenecid reduced plasma clearance of azthreonam bY suppressing renal tubular secretion, without altering glomerular filtration rate or nonrenal elimination. Probenecid increased total and free azthreonam levels and the azthreonam plasma t1/2 while reducing plasma protein binding and the apparent steady-state volume of distribution. PMID- 6682364 TI - Genome function, cell interactions, and differentiation. Conspectus. PMID- 6682365 TI - Sodium hypochlorite in the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections. AB - In a small series of patients, topical treatment with dilute sodium hypochlorite hastened the resolution of cutaneous and mucosal lesions caused by herpes simplex virus. Subjective discomfort was ameliorated and vesicles healed more rapidly. Sites treated during the prodrome stage failed to vesiculate. The advantages of this therapy included ease of treatment, patient acceptance, absence of side effects, and low cost. PMID- 6682366 TI - Human orf infection complicated by erythema multiforme. AB - A 35-year-old woman developed an orf infection of the fingers after contact with an infected goat. Following the primary orf infection, erythema multiforme developed and was controlled with prednisone. The association between erythema multiforme and orf is discussed; also, it is noted that orf is another viral condition that should be added to the agents that can initiate erythema multiforme. PMID- 6682367 TI - Infective endocarditis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy secondary to amiodarone treatment. PMID- 6682368 TI - Actin-containing microfilaments of pulmonary epithelial cells provide a mechanism for translocating asbestos to the interstitium. PMID- 6682369 TI - Granulocytes alter endothelial cytoskeletons. Potential contribution to regulation of vascular permeability. PMID- 6682370 TI - Role of thromboxane in the pulmonary response to pulmonary microembolization. PMID- 6682371 TI - Argon and krypton laser photocoagulation of senile exudative macular degeneration. AB - Senile exudative macular degeneration can be divided into two stages: the pre exudative stage of drusen and pigment-epithelial degeneration and the exudative stage of pigment-epithelial detachment (PED) and the disciform lesion. Patients with PED may retain useful vision for many years but finally subretinal neovascularisation develops resulting in a disciform scar with loss of central vision. Photocoagulation has no favourable therapeutic effect. The disciform lesion has a poor visual outcome. In part of the patients the subretinal neovascularisation can successfully be treated by laser coagulation. The prognosis depends on duration of symptoms, visual acuity and the distance between neovascularisation and the foveal area. As the newly formed vessels will grow rapidly towards the posterior pole, patients with a senile disciform lesion must be considered as emergency cases. The krypton laser has advantages over the argon laser but to what degree is still to be assessed. PMID- 6682372 TI - Treatment of glaucoma simplex with argon laser coagulation of the scleral spur (L.S.S.C.). AB - Wise and Witter published in 1979 the results of argon laser treatment of glaucoma simplex. They coagulated in and just behind the trabeculum using as little energy as possible (+/- 100 coagulations, 50 mu, 1/10 sec, 80-1500 mWatt, spaced over 360 degrees). As we consider that coagulation of the trabeculum is not entirely without risk, we modified the technique by placing the lesions in the scleral spur. Up to the end of 1981, 84 eyes had been treated in 69 patients. Of 28 eyes in which treatment had taken place at least 1 year ago, the results in twenty-five were able to be analysed. The average decrease in pressure one year after treatment was 6.5-8.5 mm Hg (+/- 30% of the original value). The coefficient of outflow was measured in 10 eyes before and after treatment. This rose from an average of 0.11 (+/- 0.03) to an average of 0.18 (+/- 0.02). PMID- 6682373 TI - [Therapy of senile myopic retinal detachment]. PMID- 6682374 TI - [The syndrome of post-transfusion purpura]. AB - Thrombocytopenic purpura occurred in two women aged 67 and 77 years, who earlier on had been pregnant, six and twelve days after blood transfusions. The platelet deficient phase lasted 16 and more than 50 days. Differentiation from other causes of thrombocytopenic haemorrhage was based on immunohaematologic findings. Both patients were negative for the platelet specific antigen PlA1 (Zwa). The platelet specific antibody (anti-PlA1) responsible for the purpura could be demonstrated and characterised immunologically. PMID- 6682375 TI - [Diabetic neuropathy of the autonomic nervous system]. PMID- 6682376 TI - Metoclopramide. A review of antiemetic trials. AB - Early clinical trials of metoclopramide at traditional doses failed to demonstrate protection against antineoplastic drug-induced vomiting, and its antiemetic potential for oncology patients was not re-examined until the unacceptable nausea and vomiting of the newly introduced cisplatin emphasised the need for improved supportive care. Repetition of the early studies with metoclopramide at usual doses (0.15 to 0.30 mg/kg) in cisplatin-induced emesis confirmed the lack of benefit for low dose therapy. However, on the basis of known pharmacodynamic data, metoclopramide was evaluated as an antiemetic in animal models, and a dose-related response was observed for cisplatin-induced emesis. After establishing safety in a phase I trial, rigorously controlled studies were conducted to assess the antiemetic potential of high dose metoclopramide in preventing cisplatin-induced emesis. Metoclopramide (2 mg/kg) was administered intravenously for a total of 5 doses during a 9-hour period beginning 30 minutes before administration of high-dose cisplatin (120 mg/m2). The results of 3 sequential trials established the superiority of metoclopramide over placebo, prochlorperazine, and tetrahydrocannabinol. Toxicity consisted of mild sedation, diarrhoea, and reversible extrapyramidal reactions. In no case was it necessary to discontinue metoclopramide because of adverse drug reactions. These encouraging results were rapidly followed by a series of pilot studies designed to extend the use of metoclopramide to other clinical situations. Intermediate dose metoclopramide (1 mg/kg for 6 doses) appeared effective particularly for emesis associated with lower doses of cisplatin (50 mg/m2 or less). The results of studies of short course metoclopramide (2 mg/kg for 3 doses) provided a promising alternative regimen for the outpatient setting. As with high dose metoclopramide, the toxicity of these two protocols was acceptable, manifesting as sedation, diarrhoea, and extrapyramidal reactions. Uncontrolled observations of continued metoclopramide treatment during subsequent courses of cisplatin suggest preservation of antiemetic efficacy, and preliminary results of studies of metoclopramide in non-cisplatin-containing regimens also suggest benefit. The combination of metoclopramide with other effective antiemetic agents may provide improved protection. These studies show how a rational approach based on preclinical observations can expand the usefulness of a drug at first thought ineffective in chemotherapy-induced emesis. PMID- 6682377 TI - Effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate on the production of mRNAs for human tissue-type plasminogen activator. AB - The mRNA for human (tissue type) plasminogen activator from a human melanoma cell line (Bowes) was investigated in different translation systems. After translation of poly(A)-rich RNA in Xenopus oocytes a biologically active plasminogen activator was obtained. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the secreted translation products revealed a protein band precipitable with affinospecific antibody and migrating at the same position (apparent molecular mass of approximately 70000 Da) as the native melanoma cell product. Translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate yielded an immunoprecipitable band migrating at position corresponding to a molecular mass of 52000 Da. Addition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate to the cell cultures resulted in increased production of plasminogen activator. Concomittantly more poly(A)-rich RNA could be extracted from the cells and this RNA was more effectively translated by oocytes into biologically active plasminogen activator. Translation of poly(A)-rich RNA from phorbol-ester-treated cells in the reticulocyte lysate system yielded the 52000-Da protein also seen with RNA from untreated cells. However, in addition a prominent protein band of apparent molecular mass of 48000 Da was detectable. Its intensity increased with increasing doses of tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. This phorbol-ester-induced protein was not precipitable with the affinospecific antibody against plasminogen activator. PMID- 6682378 TI - Release of cell-associated concanavalin A by methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside reveals three binding states of concanavalin-A receptors on mouse fibroblasts. AB - Based on the partial reversibility of concanavalin A binding by saturating concentrations of methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside (MeManp) three states of cellular association could be characterized: type I, most rapidly established and most tightly bound, not released by MeManp at 0 degrees C or at 37 degrees C; type II, most loosely bound, released by MeManp at 0 degrees C, therefore not critically dependent on the temperature at which the release reaction is performed; type III, intermediate strength of binding, released by MeManp only at 37 degrees C, thus reflecting the temperature-sensitive nature of these cell complexes. A similar temperature dependence was found for cell-bound concanavalin A when it was displaced by an excess of the same lectin. The types of binding are seen irrespective of the temperature at which the cellular association was established. About 10% of the concanavalin A molecules bind to receptor structures in a saturable way and represent the type I association. Type I association is clearly distinct from types II and III. Type II seems to be the precursor of type III. Most of the type II associations can be converted into type III associations since ConA-cell complexes originally sensitive to the action of MeManp at low temperature gradually do become resistant after prolonged association at the same temperature. The temperature dependence in binding to cells was, however, not related to receptor mobility since glutaraldehyde-treated cells had most of the release properties that were observed in untreated cells and which did not markedly differ between 3T3 cells and their SV40-transformed counterparts. In contrast to cellular binding, dissociation of concanavalin A from Sephadex beads by saturating concentrations of MeManp was complete irrespective of temperature. PMID- 6682379 TI - Cytoskeletal organization in locomoting cells of the V2 rabbit carcinoma. AB - The relationship between the organization of cytoskeletal elements and locomotory activity was studied in single cells of the V2 rabbit carcinoma. Like migratory fibroblasts, and unlike colony-forming epithelial cells, these cells show a pronounced horizontal polarization, and develop a large lamella at their leading front. With affinity-purified antibodies and a combination of light and electron microscopic techniques, actin and alpha-actinin (but not myosin and tropomyosin) were found highly concentrated within the marginal region of the leading lamella, both in ruffles and in the underlying zone of contacts with the substratum. Close contacts prevailed in the locomotory cells and small focal contacts developed only in cells detaching from others. Focal contacts always contained small microfilament bundles. Reorganization of actin filaments is suggested as the fundamental event for the dynamic contact formation of the leading lamella. Large microfilament bundles (stress fibers) were absent in all stages of locomotion. Since locomotory behavior and shape changes of V2 cells are the same on glass as on the surface of a natural membrane, the rabbit mesentery, organization and distribution of contractile elements of cultured V2 cells probably reflect the in vivo situation. PMID- 6682380 TI - Acceleration of cytokinesis in PtK1 cells treated with microtubule inhibitors. AB - Mitotic PtK1 cells were treated at furrow initiation with microtubule poisons to determine the role of microtubules in the regulation of terminal cytokinetic events. The administration of anti-microtubule agents in late anaphase accelerated the rate of cytokinesis by approx. 60% as measured by changes in furrow diameter. Application of colcemid, nocodazole, or vinblastine sulfate to cells at furrow initiation all increased the rate of furrowing. Nocodazole, applied at various concentrations, demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship with furrowing rate. These results suggest a coupling between the disorganization and depolymerization of microtubules and the acceleration of furrowing. Electron microscopic analysis of cells treated with microtubule inhibitors show approx. 70% fewer microtubule profiles in the constricted region between the daughter cells. Microtubules may play a restraining role in the rate of furrowing. PMID- 6682382 TI - Differential crosslinking of histones and non-histones in nuclei by cis-Pt(II). AB - When nuclei were treated with the chemotherapeutic agent, cis-Pt(II), they were crosslinked to the extent that their nuclear morphology as assayed by light microscopy was retained even in the presence of SDS. Protein analysis showed that the histones were completely absent from these nuclear structures, while the non histone proteins, with one possible exception, were completely retained. When the nuclear structures in SDS were treated with thiourea to reverse the crosslinks, the non-histone proteins were liberated and the nuclear structures disappeared. When treated with Proteinase K in SDS, the nuclear structures also disappeared, indicating that protein components were necessary to maintain the structures. PMID- 6682381 TI - Effect of MDL 646, a new synthetic prostaglandin, on gastroesophageal motility of the rat. AB - Compound marked MDL 646, a synthetic prostaglandin belonging to the 16-methyl-16 methoxy PGE1 series was tested for its motor effects on some in vitro and in vivo preparations from the rat. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was contracted at threshold doses ranging from 10 to 20 ng/ml; the fundus was even more sensitive whereas the pyloric sphincter showed remarkable differences according to the in vitro or in vivo preparation. In all the different tests MDL 646 showed a high degree of tachyphylaxis. PGE1 tested for comparison, exerted a constant relaxant effect in all the preparations excepting the gastric fundus. The present data emphasize the importance of the substitutions in positions 15 and 16 in the synthetic prostaglandin for determining the peculiar biological activity: in fact both MDL 646 and the parent PGE1 inhibit gastric secretion but they have almost opposite effects on gastroesophageal motility. PMID- 6682383 TI - [Changes in acid gastric secretion in the rat in response to the intravenous administration of synthetic prostaglandin E1 11-deoxy analogs]. PMID- 6682384 TI - The value of twin surveys in the study of malformations. AB - Congenital malformations have been investigated in a consecutive series of 445 monozygotic twin pairs coming from two twin surveys numbering 1,424 pairs. Concordant malformations were found in 6 pairs, discordant in 20 pairs. The significance of these findings is briefly discussed. The methodology of the prospective twin studies is described. The diagnosis of zygosity is based on sex, structure of placental membranes, blood groups and enzyme systems of the blood and placenta. PMID- 6682385 TI - Variation of cytoplasmic rat uterine androgen receptors. AB - The number of testosterone binding sites present in rat uterine cytosol varied regularly during the estrous cycle, reaching a trough at metestrus and a peak at proestrus. Treating ovariectomized and adrenalectomized rats for 2 days with estradiol resulted in a 3-4-fold increase in the number of binding sites per uterus. Estradiol withdrawal induced a decrease in uterine androgen receptors. Testosterone or progesterone treatment also increased the number of these sites, but to a lesser degree. When administered together with estradiol, testosterone did not enhance the stimulatory effect of the latter, whereas progesterone even reduced it. Testosterone or progesterone did not prevent the number of receptors from declining after estradiol withdrawal. Thus the changes in the number of cytoplasmic androgen receptors in the uterus during the rat estrous cycle is mainly controlled by the rise and fall of the serum levels of estradiol. PMID- 6682386 TI - Pattern formation in amphibian embryos prevented from undergoing the classical "rotation response" to egg activation. AB - Fertile Xenopus laevis eggs were immobilized so that they were prevented from undergoing the "rotation response" to activation. Many of those unrotated eggs developed through organogenesis, indicating that egg rotation is not a prerequisite for normal early embryogenesis. Various aspects of the regulation of pattern formation were analyzed in unrotated eggs: It was discovered that a substantial rearrangement of yolk platelets occurred without affecting subsequent pattern formation. The germ plasm, however, remained localized in the vegetal hemisphere in inverted eggs. Cleavage furrows and the site of involution were both often observed in novel locations in inverted eggs which were prevented from rotating during activation. PMID- 6682387 TI - Inhibition by ultraviolet light of pole cell formation in Smittia sp (Chironomidae, Diptera): action spectrum and photoreversibility. AB - The formation of pole cells (primordial germ cells) in Smittia sp can be inhibited by ultraviolet (uv) irradiation without causing significant mortality. Until 70 min after egg deposition, pole cells are suppressed by low uv doses applied to the posterior pole region. Microbeam irradiation of a target area including the oosome inhibits pole cell formation; this is not observed after irradiation of other target areas. The action spectrum for uv inhibition of pole cells shows a distinct peak at 260 nm; its shape suggests that a nucleic acid protein complex acts as an effective target. Independent evidence for the involvement of a nucleic acid moiety is derived from the fact that uv inhibition of pole cell formation is photoreversible. The results are discussed in the context of pole cell determination by localized cytoplasmic components. PMID- 6682389 TI - Comment on "Normal tympanometric shape". PMID- 6682388 TI - Intracellular microinjection of alkaline buffers reversibly inhibits the initial phase of hormone action in meiosis reinitiation of starfish oocytes. AB - Intracellular microinjection of alkaline Hepes-KOH buffers, which increases intracellular pH (pHI) from 6.92 to 7.70 in fully grown prophase-blocked oocytes of the starfish Marthasterias glacialis, like external application of ammonia and other weak bases (M. Doree, K. Sano, and H. Kanatani, 1982, Dev. Biol. 90, 13 17), inhibited meiosis reinitiation induced by 1-methyladenine (1-MeAde) or dithiothreitol (DTT), a mimetic of the hormone. Oocytes could be released from inhibition by raising the concentration of hormone or of its mimetic. Increasing pHI to 7.70 neither inhibited nor delayed meiosis reinitiation when pH was clamped after the end of the hormone-dependent period, the period during which 1 MeAde is required in the external medium for meiosis to occur, whereas it blocked the action of the hormone at low concentration when performed before the end of the hormone-dependent period. When hormone concentration was higher, germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) occurred, but duration of the hormone-dependent period was increased. Delay introduced by alkalinization for oocytes to reach GVBD after 1-MeAde addition was smaller at high than at medium concentrations of the hormone. Increasing pHI did not inhibit action of MPF, the cytoplasmic maturation factor which induces GVBD and the subsequent process of meiotic maturation following hormonal treatment of prophase-blocked oocytes. PMID- 6682390 TI - Covalent binding of 6-nitrobenzo-[a]pyrene metabolites to DNA in vitro. AB - Incubation of 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene[7, 10-14C] and calf thymus DNA with rat liver S9 fractions resulted in covalent binding of nitrobenzo[a]pyrene to DNA. In the presence of flavin mononucleotide under anaerobic conditions, the amount of binding decreased. Binding studies using synthetic polynucleotides showed that there was a high preference for poly(dG) compared to poly(dA), poly(dC) and poly(T). PMID- 6682391 TI - Seasonal and diel changes in plasma cortisol levels of the brown trout, Salmo trutta L. AB - A marked diel variation in plasma cortisol concentration was demonstrated in the brown trout, Salmo trutta L. For most of the year this variation took the form of an elevation of cortisol levels during the hours of darkness. There was some evidence of a phase shift from a peak at 2400 hr during the spring and early summer to a peak at 0400 hr during the late summer and early autumn. During the winter months a nocturnal elevation of plasma cortisol was not evident. A shorter, episodic elevation of plasma cortisol was associated with feeding in the brown trout. These findings are discussed in relation to the effects of stress and intensive cultivation on teleost fish. PMID- 6682393 TI - Practical approach to stress urinary incontinence. AB - Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women is more frequent in the multiparous patient, especially in those postmenopausal after withdrawal of hormonal stimulation of the pelvic supportive tissues. With loss of support of the vesical neck and urethra, sphincter incompetence may result. A patient whose symptoms are purely irritative (urinary frequency, nocturia, urgency, or urge incontinence), without a significant degree of stress incontinence, should not benefit from any operation. PMID- 6682392 TI - Analysis of the covariance structure of digital ridge counts in the offspring of monozygotic twins. AB - Improved methods for analysis of covariance structures now permit the rigorous testing of multivariate genetic hypotheses. Using Joreskog's Lisrel IV computer program we have conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of dermal ridge counts on the individual fingers of 509 offspring of 107 monozygotic twin pairs. Prior to the initiation of the model-fitting procedure, the sex-adjusted ridge counts for the offspring of male and female twins were partitioned by a multivariate nested analysis of variance yielding five 10 X 10 variance-covariance matrices containing a total of 275 distinctly observed parameters with which to estimate latent sources of genetic and environmental variation and test hypotheses about the factor structure of those latent causes. To provide an adequate explanation for the observed patterns of covariation, it was necessary to include additive genetic, random environmental, epistatic and maternal effects in the model and a structure for the additive genetic effects which included a general factor and allowed for hand asymmetry and finger symmetry. The results illustrate the value of these methods for the analysis of interrelated metric traits. PMID- 6682394 TI - [Various factors affecting the characteristics of the diurnal dynamics of work capacity of younger schoolchildren]. PMID- 6682395 TI - [Sanitary-hygienic evaluation of an industrial complex for mushroom growing]. PMID- 6682396 TI - [Effect of dosanex on the immunologic reactions in animals]. PMID- 6682397 TI - Role of prolactin in human milk composition and serum lipids studied during suppression of galactorrhea with bromocriptine. AB - Bromocriptine suppressed lactation by depressing the serum prolactin (PRL) level in 10 of 12 cases with profuse galactorrhea. The PRL level in galactorrhea milk was lower than in serum and was similar to that obtained in normal mature milk. However, significantly higher total solid, total ash, lipid and calcium levels, and reduced lactose and potassium levels were seen in galactorrhea specimens compared to mature milk. Although all the constituents decreased during treatment, the highly significant reduction in lipid and calcium levels shows the predominant effect of PRL on mammary synthesis and/or transport of these constituents. Fasting serum total lipids, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the galactorrhea group than in breast-feeding women with established lactation, suggesting that elevated serum PRL plays a role in lipid metabolism. PMID- 6682399 TI - PROs will be variation on the PSRO theme. PMID- 6682398 TI - What is actin doing in the liver cell? PMID- 6682400 TI - Patterns of infant mortality in the upper St. John Valley French population: 1791 1838. PMID- 6682401 TI - Infant mortality patterns in Aland, Finland. PMID- 6682402 TI - Patterns of infant mortality in the Polish community of Chappell Hill, Texas, 1895-1944. PMID- 6682403 TI - Screening for fra(X)(q) in a population of mentally retarded males. AB - Among 242 institutionalized mentally retarded males in Northern Germany screened for fra(X)(q), 15 (6.2%) with severe mental retardation expressing fra(X)(q) were detected. One patient displayed Klinefelter's syndrome in addition. All fra(X)(q) males showed the typical facial signs, but three of the adults did not express macroorchidism. A preliminary estimation of an overall frequency of 1:2000 males for the fra(X)(q) condition is suggested. PMID- 6682404 TI - Cytologic evidence for three human X-chromosomal segments escaping inactivation. AB - Early replication of prometaphasic human sex chromosomes was studied with the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-replication technique. The studies reveal that two distal segments of Xp, including bands Xp 22.13 and Xp 22.3, replicate early in S phase and therefore may not be subject to random inactivation. Furthermore, the replication of these distal segments of Xp occurs synchronously with those of the short arm of the Y chromosome including bands Yp 11.2 and Yp 11.32. These segments of Xp and Yp correspond well to the pairing segment of the X and Y chromosomes where a synaptonemal complex forms at early pachytene of human spermatogenesis. The homologous early replication of Yp and the distal portion of Xp may be interpreted as a remnant left untouched by the differentiation of heteromorphic sex chromosomes from originally homomorphic autosomes. A third early replicating segment is situated on the long arm of the X chromosome and corresponds to band Xq 13.1. This segment may be correlated with the X inactivation center postulated by Therman et al. (1979). PMID- 6682406 TI - How should we perform the human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) stimulation test? PMID- 6682405 TI - Loss of surface fibronectin from human lung fibroblasts exposed to cytotoxin from Clostridium difficile. AB - Clostridium difficile cytotoxin caused an irreversible dose- and time-dependent loss of fibronectin from the surfaces of human lung fibroblasts, paralleling the appearance of the cytopathic effect. Fibronectin was not required for the intoxication process. The results lend further support to a transmembrane connective link between fibronectin and the microfilaments. PMID- 6682407 TI - Genetic and environmental determinants of cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in blood. AB - Serum cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol have been studied in 274 Swedish nuclear families. The families were ascertained through the Swedish twin registry and consisted of married mono- and dizygous twins, their spouses and with at least one adult child. Total cholesterol was determined using an enzymatic colorimetric method and HDL-cholesterol by the heparin-manganese chloride precipitation method. The genetic analysis was performed using a path analytic model to resolve genetic and cultural heritability, marital correlations and maternal effects. Genetic heritability was 0.50 and 0.37 for total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, respectively. Cultural heritability was small, 0.04, for cholesterol but substantial 0.22, for HDL-cholesterol. A maternal effect was evident for cultural inheritance for HDL-cholesterol but not for cholesterol. PMID- 6682408 TI - Child mortality in a rural Javanese village: a prospective study. AB - Mortality in the first two years of life was studied in a cohort of 510 children born in a rural Javanese village. Lower risk of death was associated with younger maternal age, maternal schooling, ownership of a well, smaller sibship, longer gap between child and next oldest sibling and, in particular, with good nutritional status. Diarrhoea, pneumonia and immunizable diseases accounted for over half the deaths, with malnutrition contributing to most. A primary health care programme focusing on malnutrition, immunization and early treatment for diarrhoea and pneumonia could reduce mortality by half or more in this population. PMID- 6682409 TI - Eustachian tube function in children with secretory otitis media. AB - Eustachian tube function was determined in 84 children (131 ears) with secretory otitis media (SOM) by means of sonotubometry. Determinations were made prior to myringotomy and insertion of ventilation tubes in conjunction with follow-up testing during the course of SOM. Despite the SOM, 14% of the ears showed normal sound passage through the tube before surgery, and towards the completion of this study tubal function was considered to be normal in 50% of the ears. Although sonotubometry gave a more reliable picture of tubal function in children with SOM, no difference in tubal function could be found among children of various age groups. Because of the large fluctuations in tubal function during the course of SOM, the ventilation tube should not be removed even in cases of apparently normal tubal function at the time of examination. PMID- 6682410 TI - A point prevalence of otitis media in a Nigerian village. AB - One hundred seventy children and 103 adults from a rural Nigerian village were examined for the presence of middle and external ear pathology. Ear, nose and throat examination included: (1) pneumatic otoscopic exam, (2) tympanometry and (3) contralateral acoustic reflex. A diagnostic algorithm was applied to these 3 findings for each subject and each ear. Our data showed a point prevalence of otitis media in children (less than or equal to 15 years) to be 21.2% compared to 4% in adults (greater than 15 years). Of the 36 children with otitis media, only 3 had perforation and otorrhea; a diagnosis of otitis media with effusion behind an intact tympanic membrane was made in the other 33 children. The prevalence of otitis media varied significantly with age and evidence of upper respiratory tract infection. There was no significant difference between sexes. External ear pathology was found as an independent variable in 24% of the 170 children; three fourths of these children had concurrent middle ear pathology. The results are discussed in relation to the current understanding of the differences that exist in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of otitis media in different racial groups. PMID- 6682411 TI - Transtympanic drains in the treatment of serous otitis in children; anatomical versus functional long term results. AB - The long term results are reported of transtympanic drains in 391 ears of 258 children affected by serous otitis; 150 ears have been evaluated at the end of a 3-7-year observation period. (1) A high percentage of ears with major anatomical lesions was found (46.6%), especially in the higher age group (greater than 7 years). (2) Functional hearing results are better than anatomical results; 84.6% of the subjects had a hearing level better than 20 dB (0-10 dB: 53.3%; 11-20 dB: 31.3%). (3) Anatomical and functional results are worse in case of recurrence (2 or more drains). (4) It is imperative to control periodically those children with major tympanic lesions and present good hearing. PMID- 6682412 TI - Urinary incontinence in the female--investigation, treatment and longterm follow up. PMID- 6682413 TI - Normal tissue response to localized deep microwave hyperthermia in the rabbit's prostate: a preclinical study. AB - Experiments were performed to determine the response of normal tissues of the rectal cavity and the prostate to localized 2.45 GHz microwave deep hyperthermia. Hyperthermia at 43 degrees C was delivered by means of a coaxial probe in the rectal cavity for 30 min. once or twice at an interval of 2 days. Normal tissues of the rectum, urinary bladder, and prostate were histologically examined up to three months after treatments. In almost all of the treated animals no tissue and organ injury resulted from localized deep hyperthermia at 43 degrees C. This treatment appears to be safe for the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 6682414 TI - Effect of rate and time of gain after weaning on the development of replacement beef heifers. AB - Three experiments were conducted during three consecutive years to compare rate and time of gain of weaned heifer calves on growth, reproductive development and future calf production. Three groups of Angus X Hereford heifers were fed in one of the following regimens from 45 d after weaning until breeding: (1) no gain the first one-half of the development period followed by .91 kg x head-1 x d-1 gain the last one-half; (2) .45 kg x head-1 x d-1 gain the entire trial and (3) .91 kg x head-1 x d-1 the first one-half of the development period and no gain the last one-half. The same diet was fed to all heifers, but the intake was varied to meet weight gain requirements. Wither height and heart girth increased (P less than .05) during the periods the heifers were fed to gain weight. By the end of the feeding trials, there were not differences (P greater than .05) in any of the growth measures. There were no differences (P greater than .05) in age at puberty, conception rate or calf production the following year. Adequate growth and development of replacement heifers is necessary, but much latitude exists in the rate and time of growth between weaning and breeding. PMID- 6682415 TI - Maternal influence on growth of laboratory rats. AB - Data from 2,089 laboratory rats utilized in selection experiments were used to estimate maternal influence on growth from weaning (21 d) to 16 wk of age. Adjustment factors were calculated for the effects of sex, generation, litter size, inbreeding of the dam and inbreeding of the offspring on the body weights. The effect of line of sire was included in the analysis of variance models. Covariances among paternal half-sibs, full-sibs, offspring-dam, and individuals with the same maternal grandsire were equated to theoretical causal components of variance in a series of simultaneous equations. From these, estimates of heritability, maternal influence and other environmental influences on the weights of the animals were calculated. Estimates of additive genetic effects were negative at weaning and increased to positive intermediate values during postweaning growth. Maternal influence due to additive genetic effects was of primary importance at weaning and tended to diminish at later stages of growth. An antagonism was indicated between maternal environment and genes affecting the offspring's growth. Maternal influence is an important factor at weaning and during the postweaning growth of a litter-bearing species such as the laboratory rat. PMID- 6682416 TI - The influence of dietary energy intake on progesterone concentrations in beef heifers. PMID- 6682417 TI - Glucocorticoids and estrus in swine. I. The relationship between triamcinolone acetonide and estrogen in the expression of estrus in gilts. PMID- 6682418 TI - Glucocorticoids and estrus in swine. II. Plasma concentrations of estradiol-17 beta, glucocorticoids and luteinizing hormone in ovariectomized gilts given estradiol benzoate and triamcinolone acetonide. PMID- 6682419 TI - Evaluation of slowly degraded proteins: dehydrated alfalfa and corn gluten meal. PMID- 6682420 TI - Ammonia and urea in corn silage-based complete mixed diets for dairy cows. AB - Source of supplemental N was evaluated in three corn silage-based complete mixed diets (CMD) fed to lactating dairy cows. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and contained 60% corn silage and 40% concentrate on a dry matter basis. Diets were: CMD-A, ammoniated corn silage (ammonia provided 16% of total N) plus concentrate; CMD-U, untreated corn silage and concentrate (16% of total N from urea) and CMD-S, untreated corn silage plus concentrate with soybean meal. Ammoniation at 1.0% of dry weight increased crude protein content of silage from 8.5 to 12.7%. Daily means for cows fed CMD-A, CMD-U and CMD-S were: 24.2, 24.3 and 24.5 kg of fat-corrected milk; 3.17, 3.10 and 3.15% milk protein; 3.41, 3.67 and 3.63% milk fat and 3.02, 2.99 and 3.02 kg intake of total dry matter/100 kg body weight. Differences were not significant except for reduced milk fat percentage for cows fed the ammoniated corn silage diet. Both anhydrous ammonia and urea at 16% of total dietary N were found to be practical and economical substitutes for part of the supplemental soy protein. When compared to CMD with all soybean protein, greater savings in feed costs resulted from inclusion of ammoniated corn silage than with inclusion of urea. PMID- 6682421 TI - Behavior of cells seeded in isolated fibronectin matrices. AB - Cell-free fibronectin matrix (FN-matrix) isolated from chick embryo fibroblasts was used to study cell-matrix interaction. After 24 h, most fibroblastic cells, including those without cell surface fibronectin, adopted bipolar fusiform morphology. Cells grew in parallel arrays and aligned with each other apparently along FN-matrix. Since the orientation of fibronectin fibers was determined by chick embryo fibroblasts, our results suggested that intercellular organization of "matrix-using" cell type may be influenced by "matrix-producing" cell type. Whereas the elongation and alignment effects induced by FN-matrix have been detected in fibroblasts (both normal and transformed), myoblast, aortic endothelial cells, neural cell lines (B103 and RT4D1), and cardiac muscle cells, similar effects are not detected in bone marrow hemopoietic cells, circulating lymphocytic T and B cells, and sympathetic neurons. For epithelial cells, FN matrix has varying effects. Elongation and alignment effects are detected only in transformed epithelial cells with a great reduction in keratin expression. The morphology of normal or transformed epithelial cells with abundant keratin appears unaffected by FN-matrix. FN-matrix reduced the growth of several transformed fibroblastic lines up to 25%, but did not restore the appearance of actin stress fibers and the normal migratory activities of Rous sarcoma virus transformed rat cells. PMID- 6682422 TI - In vitro, rapid assembly of gap junctions is induced by cytoskeleton disruptors. AB - We report here rapid assembly of gap junctions in prostate epithelial cells in vitro. Assembly of gap junctions can be induced by incubation at 0 degrees C followed by incubation at 37 degrees C. Colchicine (10(-5) M, 10(-3) M) and cytochalasin B (25 micrograms/ml), 100 micrograms/ml) at room temperature or at 37 degrees C also induce assembly of gap junctions. Assembly of the junctions proceeds even in the presence of a metabolic inhibitor (dinitrophenol) or of an inhibitor of protein synthesis (cycloheximide). We conclude that assembly of gap junctions can proceed from a pool of pre-existing precursors. The experimental conditions that result in gap-junction assembly involve perturbation of the cytoskeleton. Therefore, we propose that the assembly of gap junctions requires convergent migration of precursor molecules whose positional control in the membrane is released by perturbation of the cytoskeleton. Aggregates of particles and rugosities, whose distribution size and shape is similar to that of gap junctions, may represent intermediate assembly stages. This would indicate that the final stages in the assembly take place only after convergence of the precursor molecules to the junctional site and involve profound conformational changes required for establishment of fully assembled connexons. PMID- 6682423 TI - Three-dimensional structure of actin filaments and of an actin gel made with actin-binding protein. AB - Purified muscle actin and mixtures of actin and actin-binding protein were examined in the transmission electron microscope after fixation, critical point drying, and rotary shadowing. The three-dimensional structure of the protein assemblies was analyzed by a computer-assisted graphic analysis applicable to generalized filament networks. This analysis yielded information concerning the frequency of filament intersections, the filament length between these intersections, the angle at which filaments branch at these intersections, and the concentration of filaments within a defined volume. Purified actin at a concentration of 1 mg/ml assembled into a uniform mass of long filaments which overlap at random angles between 0 degrees and 90 degrees. Actin in the presence of macrophage actin-binding protein assembled into short, straight filaments, organized in a perpendicular branching network. The distance between branch points was inversely related to the molar ratio of actin-binding protein to actin. This distance was what would be predicted if actin filaments grew at right angles off of nucleation sites on the two ends of actin-binding protein dimers, and then annealed. The results suggest that actin in combination with actin binding protein self-assembles to form a three-dimensional network resembling the peripheral cytoskeleton of motile cells. PMID- 6682424 TI - Antiestrogenic effect of R5020, a synthetic progestin in human breast cancer cells in culture. AB - To see whether progestins prevent estrogen action in breast cancer cells, we have studied in vitro the effect of R5020 on the cell growth and the synthesis of secreted proteins in T47D and R27 human breast cancer cells. While R5020 had no effect on cell growth when tested alone, it significantly inhibited the growth of both cell lines in the presence of estradiol (1 nM). The effect was most clear cut after 10-12 days of treatment and was dose dependent, a half-maximal inhibition occurred with 1 nM R5020. R27, a cloned MCF7 variant resistant to Tamoxifen, remained responsive to R5020, which prevented the effect of 17 beta estradiol (E2) and inhibited cell growth in the presence of Tamoxifen. This suggests that the two antiestrogens are acting through different mechanisms. Dihydrotestosterone and dexamethasone did not reproduce or inhibit the effect of R5020 on cell growth. R5020 was ineffective in a rat tumor cell line containing androgen and glucocorticoid receptors but lacking progesterone receptors and estrogen receptors. These results suggest that R5020 is probably acting via progesterone receptors rather than via the androgen or glucocorticoid receptors. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we have shown that R5020 specifically decreases the production of the 52K protein, a major protein released by R27 cells after E2 stimulation. We conclude that R5020 has an antiestrogenic activity on breast cancer cells in culture, since it prevents the stimulation of cell growth and protein synthesis by E2. PMID- 6682425 TI - The effect of membrane permeability and binding by human serum proteins on sex steroid influx into the uterus. AB - To determine the effect of such factors as capillary membrane permeability, plasma protein binding, and capillary transit time on the availability of sex steroids to the uterus, the unidirectional influxes of 3H-labeled steroids from the circulation into the uterus were measured in vivo in anesthetized rats using a tissue-sampling, single injection technique. When dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) were injected with Ringer's solution, the tissue extraction was in excess of 80%; hence, membrane permeability did not play a limiting role. With the more polar steroids, corticosterone and cortisol, uterine extraction was less than 40%. Significant inhibition of tissue extraction of DHT and E2, but not P, occurred with the addition of 4% albumin to the injection solution. Human sera containing increasing concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin demonstrated inhibition of extraction of DHT and E2. Human sera also inhibited P extraction, presumably secondary to the presence of cortisol-binding globulin and orosomucoid. Large concentrations of unlabeled DHT, E2, and P in the injection solutions did not result in competitive inhibition of labeled steroid extraction. Thus, there is no evidence for a carrier mechanism mediating steroid transport into the uterus. When tissue extraction of E2 from Ringer's solution was compared in liver, brain, and uterus, no difference of tissue permeability could be found. Liver consistently had higher tissue E2 extraction than brain or uterus in the presence of human sera. The results are compatible with the influx of albumin-bound E2 into all three tissues and the influx of sex hormone-binding globulin-bound E2 into the liver. PMID- 6682426 TI - Induction of lactation in nonpregnant cows by estradiol-17 beta and progesterone from an intravaginal sponge. AB - An intravaginal sponge impregnated with 500 mg estradiol-17 beta and 1000 mg progesterone to induce lactation in nonpregnant dairy cattle was investigated. Sponge retention (greater than 95%) was achieved by its attachment to a nylon collar. Treatment with the sponge for 10 days resulted in lactogenesis in 25% of treated cows compared with an 89% success rate when an adjunct injection of dexamethasone esters (20 mg intramuscular) was given on day 6 or a 96% success rate when reserpine injections (2.5 mg intramuscular) were given on days 6, 8, and 10 10 after sponge insertion. Milking was begun 12 days after sponge insertion (2 days after removal). Peak milk yield was unaffected by adjunct treatments but was greater in spring (mean 11.5 kg/day) than in autumn treated cows (mean 3 and 6 kg/day) in 2 yr of trials. Concentration of estradiol-17 beta in plasma rose rapidly after sponge insertion to a peak similar to that in cows in late pregnancy. Measurement of estradiol-17 beta concentration in milk indicated less, even at first milking than in commercially distributed pasteurized milk. Milk fat and protein content were higher in milk from induced lactations compared with that from normally calving cows on the same day. PMID- 6682427 TI - Influence of herd relocation upon production and endocrine traits of dairy cows. AB - Effects of potential stress encountered by two Holstein herds relocated into a new double-six herringbone parlor and free-stall facility were studied by evaluating alterations of milk yield and fat percentage, mastitis status, corticosteroids, and heat detection. One-half of one herd (18 cows) was moved 100 m to new facilities (Merged), and the remaining 18 cows were maintained in their original tie-stall barn (Control). The same day, the second herd of 50 cows (Moved) was transported via stock trailer 7 km to new facilities. Milk yield by Merged and Moved cows was decreased at first milking, but subsequent milk yields were similar to yields prerelocation. Milk fat percentage was decreased for only 3 days for Moved cows but was unchanged for Merged cows. Across groups, older cows and cows in late lactation tended to have greatest decreases in milk yield. Corticosteroids in serum were increased in Merged cows for only 2 days after relocation. No changes in milk somatic cell count or percentage heats detected were associated with relocation. Detrimental effects of herd relocation were slight and indicate that dairy herds can be moved without adversely affecting production traits. PMID- 6682428 TI - Effects of formaldehyde treated soybean meal on milk yield, milk composition, and nutrient digestibility in the dairy cow. AB - The nutritional value of soybean meal that had been treated with formaldehyde (.3 g/100 g) to inhibit microbial degradation of soybean meal protein in the rumen was investigated. Four experimental diets were fed ad libitum during wk 4 to 43 of lactation to Holstein cows randomly assigned to diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of dietary crude protein (12 and 14%) and formaldehyde treatment (untreated and treated soybean meal). Concentrate, corn silage, and alfalfa-grass hay provided 53.0, 35.4, and 11.6% of the daily intake of dry matter. Analysis of covariance revealed that digestibility of dietary crude protein by cows fed formaldehyde treated soybean meal was lower than by cows fed untreated soybean meal (62.4 versus 65.4%). Similar quantities of milk, 4% fat-corrected milk, milk fat, and milk solids-not-fat (overall means of 7998, 7402, 281, and 660 kg/301 days of lactation) were produced by cows fed different diets. This was true whether the data were summarized during peak production (day 22 to 63), during days 22 to 119 when crude protein intake did not meet requirements, or during the complete experiment (days 22 to 301 of lactation). Milk protein (total nitrogen x 6.38) produced by cows fed soybean meal treated with formaldehyde was less than by cows fed untreated soybean meal during days 22 to 63 and during days 22 to 119 (47 versus 44 kg/cow and 103 versus 97 kg/cow). Changes in body weight of cows during lactation were similar among treatments. Treating soybean meal with .3 g formaldehyde/100 g may decrease availability of soybean meal protein for use by lactating dairy cows. PMID- 6682429 TI - Factors affecting milk fat percent of Nili-Ravi buffaloes in Pakistan. AB - Monthly fat tests for 895 lactations of Nili-Ravi buffaloes in a Livestock Production Research Institute herd were used to estimate environmental effects on fat percentage. Fat tests rose progressively from 1st to 10th mo of lactation (5.51 to 7.46%). Average lactation fat percent was 6.55 +/- .06. Year effects were significant, but season, age, parity, milk yield, and health status were not. Percent fat increased slightly to maturity (6.54 first parity; 6.65 fifth). Lactations initiated April to September averaged slightly higher (6.60%) than other months (6.50%). There was a slight, although real, decrease in fat percent with increased lactation milk yield (6.60, 6.63, 6.60, 6.43, 6.51 for 1000 to 1500, 1501 to 2000, 2001 to 2500, 2501 to 3000, and greater than 3,000 kg). Effect of treatment for health problems was small (6.51 treated versus 6.59% untreated). Of all fat tests (7,772) 60% were 5.1 to 7.0%, 27% were between 7 and 9%, but only 3% exceeded 9%. Lactation fat percent averaged 1.0 less than most percents for buffaloes because of system of milking and milk yield (2,130 kg). Fat percentage of buffaloes appears to be influenced by environmental factors in the same proportion as for cattle, but buffaloes would be expected to exceed cattle in fat percent by 1 to 3% depending on breed and environmental conditions. PMID- 6682430 TI - Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone, estradiol and androstenedione in sows with inadequate plasma progesterone. AB - The authors report the profiles of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and androstenedione (A) in some female pigs with altered plasma hormonal levels. Twenty cycles are described and 19 out of them are characterized by low plasma P in luteal phase of different etiology, at least as measured by hormone concentrations. The following disorders are observed: a) possible impairment of follicular maturation; b) impaired LH secretion in presence of too high E2; c) low LH base-line values; d) inadequate luteal phase; e) short luteal phase; f) heat disorders. An attempt is made to correlate the altered hormonal profiles with the high rate of summer conception failure in sows. PMID- 6682431 TI - Detection of a feline X-linked antigen in somatic cell hybrids. Single-cell analysis using monoclonal antibodies. AB - We tested the premise that monoclonal antibodies to either intracellular or membrane antigens can greatly facilitate the construction of linkage maps of mammals whose chromosomes can be introduced into rodent cells. Monoclonal antibodies against antigenic determinants of cat lymphocytes and fibroblasts were used to analyze feline antigen expression in cat-mouse somatic cell hybrid populations selected to contain the X-linked feline HPRT locus. The frequency of antigen expression as measured by fixed cell immunofluorescence (IF) assays, varied greatly within hybrid populations for all but the antigen designated as VP382. Its frequent presence in hybrid cells led to the prediction, confirmed by 8-azaguanine selection experiments, that its expression was controlled by a gene, or genes, on the feline X chromosome. The antigens identified by the rest of the antibodies segregated independently of each other in cat-mouse somatic cell hybrids and their expression appeared to be controlled by autosomal genes of the cat. PMID- 6682432 TI - Postpartum psychiatric disorders. A review of patients at UKSM-KC. PMID- 6682433 TI - Changes in oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone concentrations in follicular fluid and in the micromorphology of preovulatory bovine follicles relative to the peak of luteinizing hormone. AB - Preovulatory bovine follicles (n = 58) were collected at different times after the onset of standing oestrus when cows would allow mounting until shortly before ovulation, which occurred 24 +/- 1.4 h after the peak level of LH in the peripheral blood. Non-atretic antral follicles (n = 71) of 3-20 mm were also collected from cows during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle. The follicular fluid was aspirated for the radioimmunoassay of oestradiol-17 beta, progesterone and testosterone. The follicular wall was examined micromorphologically. Follicular fluid steroid levels were compared in 2-h periods relative to the LH peak. The development of the preovulatory follicles from onset of oestrus to ovulation can be divided into four phases. Phase 0 (after onset of oestrus but before LH surge) was characterized by a high level of oestradiol (6.05 mumol/l); the levels of progesterone and testosterone were lower (0.387 and 0.165 mumol/l respectively) but higher than in non-atretic luteal follicles of similar size. The theca interna (TI) was wider and the membrana granulosa (MG) cells were larger than those of non-atretic antral follicles. During phase 1 (0-6 h after the LH peak) oestradiol remained constant but at a lower level, progesterone increased (0.727 mumol/l) and testosterone was higher from 0 to 2h after the LH peak (0.241 mumol/l). The TI was 40% wider, whereas the size of the MG cells remained the same. In phase 2 (6-20 h after the LH peak) the level of oestradiol dropped rapidly during the period from 6 to 10 h, that of progesterone decreased to the same level as in phase 0 and that of testosterone was low (0.031 mumol/l). The width of the TI decreased to that of preovulatory follicles in phase 0 and the MG cells were slightly larger. In phase 3 (20 h after the LH peak until ovulation) the level of oestradiol decreased further (0.461 mumol/l) and that of testosterone remained low. Progesterone increased to the highest levels observed (1.51 mumol/l), however, and this coincided with a 39% increase in the size of the MG cells, whereas the width of the TI remained the same as in the preceding phases 0 and 2. In phase 3 the basement membrane began to disintegrate and phagocytic cells could be observed. This points to a simultaneous functional and morphological luteinization. It is suggested that these changes in follicular steroid levels and micromorphology are regulated by the preovulatory LH peak. PMID- 6682434 TI - Reduction of 5-day cycle length of female rats by treatment with bromocriptine. AB - Rats with 5-day ovarian cycles were injected daily with 1 mg bromocriptine. This treatment resulted in a change of cycle length from 5 to 4 days and a rapid increase in ovarian weight. The increase in ovarian weight resulted from the accumulation of large numbers of corpora lutea. Normal numbers of corpora lutea were formed during each cycle but luteal bodies did not disappear subsequently. Luteolysis affected only minor foci of luteal tissue and the majority of luteal tissue remained histologically intact throughout the further period of study. The reduction of cycle length from 5 to 4 days occurred when bromocriptine was administered from the day of ovulation only. If treatment was commenced at a later time during the cycle it was not effective. Treatment with bromocriptine appeared to affect the concentrations of progesterone in the blood during dioestrus. During treatment the rats showed the pattern characteristic for 4-day cycles: typically, the high concentrations of progesterone on the day after metoestrus remained absent. These data suggest (1) that the latter part of the production of progesterone during dioestrus by 'non-functional corpora lutea' is dependent on prolactin and (2) that prolongation of high progesterone production after metoestrus plays an important role in changing the length of the cycle from 4 to 5 days. Treatment with bromocriptine did not significantly affect the rate of maturation of follicles destined for the next ovulation. It is possible that follicular maturation is not among the critical variables which determine whether normal ovulatory cycles will last for 4 or 5 days. PMID- 6682435 TI - The opioid/nonopioid nature of stress-induced analgesia and learned helplessness. AB - Exposure to a variety of stressors produces a subsequent analgesic reaction. This stress-induced analgesia (SIA) is sometimes opioid in nature (reversed by opiate antagonists and cross-tolerant with morphine) and sometimes nonopioid. Both 30 min of intermittent footshock and 60-80 five-sec tailshocks have been shown to produce opioid SIA, whereas 3 min of continuous footshock and 5-40 tailshocks produce nonopioid SIA. We report that both of the opioid SIA procedures produce a learned helplessness effect as assessed by shuttlebox escape acquisition and an analgesia that is reinstatable 24 hr. later. The nonopioid procedures produce neither a learned helplessness effect nor a reinstatable analgesia. It is argued that these data implicate the learning of uncontrollability in the activation of opioid systems. PMID- 6682436 TI - Labeling of soybeans with the stable isotope 70Zn for use in human metabolic studies. AB - Radiozinc (65Zn) was used to assess the efficiency of incorporation of the label into soybean seeds by means of a noncycling hydroponic system. It was found that 21.3 and 27.6% of the applied dose was incorporated into the mature seeds when the tracer was applied during vegetative or flowering stages of growth cycle, respectively. The latter method was adapted to labeling with the stable isotope 70Zn, and quantitative incorporation of this isotope was investigated within and among hydroponic culture pots each containing four plants. It was found that on the average 17.7% +/- 3.0% of the applied dose was recovered in the mature seeds harvested from each pot. The mass isotope enrichment ratio for 70Zn: 68Zn in these seeds was 2.93 +/- 0.38 (mean +/- SD) compared with the natural ratio of 0.0343, indicating a high degree of stable isotope enrichment. Results of soybean fractionation studies showed that the enrichment was somewhat higher in the defatted meal fraction as compared with the full-fat, the hull, and the whole seed, indicating somewhat preferential translocation of the applied stable isotope in the protein. Despite this small but observable difference, all fractions were highly enriched with 70Zn. The data from this study indicated that noncycling hydroponic culture may be effectively employed to intrinsically label soybeans with the stable isotopes of zinc for use in human feeding trials dealing with the issues of zinc availability. A 100-g portion of such labeled seeds provided 38-43 g protein and 490-620 micrograms 70Zn in various processed products for use in human feeding studies. PMID- 6682437 TI - Effects of iron status and soy protein on iron absorption by rats. AB - The effects of iron nutrition and soy protein on iron absorption by rats was studied. Rats were fed semipurified diets containing either 0, 5, or 20 micrograms of added iron per gram of diet to obtain groups with different iron status. After 3 weeks the rats had mean hemoglobin concentrations of 7.0, 10.7 and 13.2 g/dl, respectively. As the rats became more anemic, percent iron absorption from casein and soy protein diets increased. The relative availability of iron from soy compared with casein-based diets was 70 to 90%. Iron status did not affect the relative iron availability among treatments. The rat trials did not indicate any significant differences between iron absorption from meals containing soy flour (SF), soy protein concentrate (SC) or soy protein isolate (SI) regardless of the iron status of the rat. These studies do not support the hypothesis that the subject's iron status will affect the relative availability of iron from foods. Recent human iron absorption studies suggest that relative iron availability from meals containing soy proteins is lower than expected based on rat studies. Furthermore, differences in iron availability between soy flour and soy isolate observed in human studies are not apparent in these rat studies. PMID- 6682439 TI - Synthesis and action on the central nervous system of mescaline analogues containing piperazine or homopiperazine rings. AB - Structural juxtaposition of the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group in the same molecule with a piperazine or homopiperazine ring has been realized in a series of mescaline analogues (I-IV) as part of an investigation into the pharmacological properties of the seven-membered perhydro-1,4-diazepines (homopiperazines). The analogous six-membered piperazines were synthesized and tested as reference substances to determine whether the seven-membered ring conveyed special properties. A variety of pharmacological tests of action on the CNS showed that replacement of the amino group in mescaline by the heterocycles significantly alters the biological activity. In particular, both the piperazine and the homopiperazine derivatives displayed sedative activity to about the same extent. PMID- 6682438 TI - Mortality among workers from a plastics producing plant: a matched case-control study nested in a retrospective cohort study. AB - Earlier proportional mortality studies of workers in a plastics producing plant in Massachusetts indicated excess mortality from certain digestive and genitourinary cancers. To more definitively examine mortality among these workers a retrospective cohort study was conducted for 2,490 male wage earners who worked at least one year during 1949-1966. Vital status was determined as of Dec. 31, 1976, for 99.7% of the cohort and death certificates were obtained for 98.0% of 603 observed deaths. Comparison with the local county white males revealed a slight excess in digestive system cancer (standard mortality ratio [SMR] = 101.8) and a statistically significant excess (p less than .05) in genitourinary cancer (SMR = 153.6). A relationship was suggested between cancer of the rectum, liver, and pancreas and both the duration and interval from onset of exposure. A secondary matched case-control study was conducted to determine if particular jobs or work areas were related to the excesses found in the primary study. This analysis did not support the hypothesis that digestive or genitourinary cancer was related to a general plant exposure or date of hire. Possible associations warranting continued surveillance were found between rectal cancer and cellulose nitrate production and between prostatic cancer and polystyrene processing. Digestive and genitourinary cancers other than rectal and prostate were not related to employment in any of 21 occupational exposure categories examined. PMID- 6682440 TI - Interactions of neurotensin with brain dopamine systems: biochemical and behavioral studies. AB - Intracisternal (i.c.) injection of neurotensin (NT) to rats or mice attenuated the locomotor hyperactivity induced by d-amphetamine, methylphenidate or cocaine, but not the increased activity induced by apomorphine or lergotrile. The reduction of methylphenidate-induced locomotor activity by i.c. NT was not due to an increased drug metabolism because i.c. NT did not change plasma methylphenidate concentrations. These actions of NT are distinct from those of the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol, which blocked the locomotor hyperactivity induced by all five stimulant drugs in rats. A further difference between NT and neuroleptics was demonstrated by the observation that i.c. NT did not block apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior. In vitro, NT did not displace [3H]spiperone from its binding sites in homogenates of either the striatum or nucleus accumbens from rat brain. Moreover, i.c. injection of NT did not alter the subsequent in vitro binding of [3H]spiperone to membranes of the nucleus accumbens or striatum. In addition, NT did not alter basal or dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in homogenates of the nucleus accumbens or striatum. However, i.c. injection of NT produced a significant increase in the concentrations of homovanillic acid, a major dopamine metabolite, in the nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercles and striatum. In addition, the concentration of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid was increased in the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercles after i.c. NT. Peripheral injection of haloperidol produced qualitatively similar effects on dopamine metabolism, but the effects of haloperidol, unlike those of i.c. NT, were attenuated by apomorphine injection. Taken together, these data indicate that centrally administered NT affects certain brain dopamine systems without interacting directly with those dopamine receptors labeled by [3H]spiperone, coupled to adenylate cyclase or mediating the pharmacological effects of apomorphine. PMID- 6682441 TI - Ethanol-induced male reproductive tract pathology as a function of ethanol dose and duration of exposure. AB - Chronic ethanol ingestion by the male results in several manifestations of reproductive dysfunction. However, little is known concerning 1) the level of ethanol or duration of ethanol exposure necessary to produce pathological changes in the male reproductive tract; or 2) mechanism(s) by which ethanol exerts its toxic effects. The purpose of the present study was to develop an animal model which describes ethanol-induced male reproductive failure and to define conditions of ethanol exposure which alter male reproductive tract function. Proven breeder male C57Bl/6J mice were maintained on either a 5% (v/v) ethanol liquid diet for periods of 5, 10 or 20 weeks or a 6% (v/v) ethanol diet for 5 weeks. Daily blood ethanol levels peaked at 125 to 200 and 268 mg/100 ml in animals consuming the 5 and 6% ethanol diets, respectively. Plasma testosterone levels were depressed throughout all treatments, an effect which appeared reversible. Plasma testosterone was poorly correlated (r = 0.28) with blood ethanol levels during treatment. After treatment, reproductive tract pathology included reduced testicular and accessory sex organ weights, decreased spermatogenesis, increased desquamation of immature germ cells into the seminiferous tubule lumina and increased frequency of inactive seminiferous tubules. Whereas minimal changes were noted after 5 weeks treatment with the 5% ethanol diet, deficiencies became increasingly evident after either longer exposure periods or treatment with 6% ethanol for the same period. None of the treatment regimens resulted in altered plasma levels of hepatic enzyme markers or in altered histological appearance. The data indicate that male reproductive function is sensitive to both ethanol dose and duration of exposure. The animal model described in the present study should have utility in the evaluation of putative mechanisms of ethanol-induced male reproductive dysfunction. PMID- 6682442 TI - Ethanol-induced male infertility: impairment of spermatozoa. AB - Ethanol is generally regarded as a reproductive toxin. However, the mechanism(s) of ethanol-induced infertility remain poorly understood. As male fertility depends upon the ability of spermatozoa to fertilize ova, it was the purpose of the present study to examine the effects of chronic ethanol treatment on several parameters related to sperm fertility. Male C57Bl/6J mice of proven fertility were administered liquid diets as follows: 5% (v/v) ethanol for either 1) 5 weeks; 2) 10 weeks; 3) 20 weeks; or 4) 6% (v/v) ethanol for 5 weeks. After each treatment, epididymal spermatozoa were evaluated with respect to quantity, motility, morphology and the ability to fertilize. A biphasic effect on sperm content was noted: 5- and 10-week treatments with 5% ethanol increased content by 80 and 65%, respectively, whereas 20-week treatment with 5% ethanol and 5-week treatment with 6% ethanol decreased content by 52 and 71%, respectively. Although the proportion of motile spermatozoa was unaffected by ethanol, average forward progression velocity was reduced, the effect being dependent on ethanol dose and duration of exposure. Similarly, the frequency of abnormal spermatozoa was increased; 20-week treatment with 5% ethanol and 5-week treatment with 6% ethanol increased the frequency of sperm morphological anomalies by 50 and 40%, respectively. Fertility of spermatozoa was reduced as a function of ethanol dose and duration of exposure. The ability of sperm to fertilize mouse ova in vitro was reduced by 34% (P less than .02) and 62% (P less than .001) subsequent to 20 week treatment with 5% ethanol and 5-week treatment with 6% ethanol, respectively. An animal model has been developed which describes ethanol-induced male infertility. The degree of reproductive impairment varies with the amount of ethanol ingested, and the duration of ethanol exposure. The continuum of effects should make possible the evaluation of putative mechanisms of male sterility resulting from chronic ethanol consumption. PMID- 6682443 TI - Morningness-eveningness and diurnal variations in self-reported mood. AB - Effects of differences in morningness-eveningness (M-E) on diurnal variations in self-reported mood were examined in 28 female subjects. M-E was determined by using Horne and Ostberg's questionnaire, and mood by Mackay and his colleagues' stress arousal checklist. Self-reported arousal showed the expected pattern of variation across the day and this was found to be a function of subjects' M-E score. However, self-reported stress showed no significant differences due either to time of day or to subjects' M-E score. This confirms the independence of the two mood scales. PMID- 6682444 TI - Regression of the corpora lutea in sheep in response to cloprostenol is not affected by loss of luteal oxytocin after hysterectomy. AB - Concentrations of oxytocin in corpora lutea were reduced from 1706 to less than 15 ng/g wet wt after hysterectomy in sheep during the oestrous cycle. Hysterectomy also blocked the appearance of raised levels of oxytocin in ovarian and jugular venous plasma caused by cloprostenol. Administration of cloprostenol to hysterectomized ewes resulted in luteal regression, which occurred as rapidly as in intact animals. Therefore oxytocin in the corpus luteum during the oestrous cycle is unlikely to be involved in intraluteal events mediating prostaglandin induced luteolysis. PMID- 6682445 TI - Progestagen-concentrating cells in the brain, uterus, vagina and mammary glands of the galago (Galago senegalensis). AB - Progestagen-concentrating cells were localized in the oestrogen-primed ovariectomized galago by radioautography after injection of [3H]promegestone (R5020). In the brain, radioactivity was concentrated in the nuclei of neurones in the preoptic region and in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Labelled cells were also observed in the anterior pituitary. In the uterus (uterine horns and cervix), the muscle and stromal cells showed greater labelling than did the glandular and luminal epithelia. Labelled cells were present in the different cell layers of the vagina. The majority of glandular epithelial cells of the mammary glands exhibited a high degree of labelling. Pretreatment with an excess of unlabelled promegestone but not with an excess of nonradioactive testosterone reduced the nuclear concentration of radioactivity in these target tissues. These results show that there are no major differences in the distribution of progestagen-concentrating cells in rodents and galago. PMID- 6682446 TI - Oxygen consumption by rat oocytes and cumulus cells during induced atresia. AB - Oxygen consumption was measured in denuded oocytes and oocyte-cumulus complexes isolated from atretic rat follicles. Adult cyclic rats or immature PMSG-treated rats were used, and follicular atresia was induced by hypophysectomy on the morning of pro-oestrus or by repeated pentobarbitone injections beginning on the day of pro-oestrus. The later stages of atresia were accompanied by meiosis-like changes in the oocytes. Oxygen consumption by oocytes that had resumed meiosis (germinal vesicle breakdown, GVB) was higher than in oocytes with an intact germinal vesicle, a change similar to that observed in oocytes maturing in healthy follicles. This may indicate that the meiotic process in the atretic follicles is similar to that in normal ones. Oxygen consumption by the cumulus cells was not altered during pentobarbitone-induced atresia. Hypophysectomy led to a rapid and marked increase in cumulus oxygen consumption in cyclic rats but there was no change in PMSG-treated young animals. Since both pentobarbitone treatment and hypophysectomy result in follicular atresia, but changes in cumulus respiration occurred only in hypophysectomized adult rats, it is concluded that an increase in cumulus respiration is not inherent to the atretic process. PMID- 6682447 TI - X linked recessive inheritance of agenesis of the corpus callosum. AB - A 2-year-old boy with psychomotor retardation, congenital unilateral ptosis, bilateral adducted thumbs, weakness of upper limbs, and Hirschsprung's disease (aganglionosis), with complete agenesis of the corpus callosum and hypoplasia of the inferior vermis and cerebellum is reported. His 24-year-old maternal uncle, with severe psychomotor retardation but none of the other physical problems, also has agenesis of the corpus callosum demonstrated by CT scan. The implications for antenatal diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 6682448 TI - Antenatal detection of grossly distended bladder owing to absence of the urethra in a fetus with trisomy 18. AB - An ultrasonic examination revealed a grossly distended fetal abdomen. Amniocentesis at 19 weeks' gestation showed raised amniotic fluid alphafetoprotein, a second band of specific acetylcholinesterase, and a fetal karyotype 47,XY,+18. The pregnancy was terminated and the necropsy examination showed absence of the urethra, grossly distended bladder, hydroureters, and congenital heart anomalies. PMID- 6682449 TI - Two retarded male cousins with odd facies, hypotonia, and severe constipation: possible examples of the X linked FG syndrome. PMID- 6682450 TI - A method for studying the three-dimensional organization of cytoskeletal elements of cells: improvements in the polyethylene glycol technique. AB - A method utilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an extractable embedment for electron microscopy is described. Tissues are fixed according to conventional protocols, embedded in PEG, and sectioned. Sections (ranging from 100 to 500 nm in thickness) are mounted on grids, divested of their PEG matrix, critical-point dried, and examined stereoscopically. This method greatly facilitates studies on the three-dimensional organization of cytoskeletal and cytoplasmic contractile systems in both muscle and nonmuscle cells. PMID- 6682451 TI - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray data of human plasma retinol-binding protein. AB - Crystals of human plasma retinol-binding protein have been obtained from 4.5 M NaCl buffered at pH 6.8 with 20 mM-cacodylate. The crystals are trigonal with space group R3 and unit cell dimensions, referred to the hexagonal system, a = b = 104.2 A and c = 74.5 A. The crystals diffract to a resolution of 2.0 A. PMID- 6682452 TI - Electron microscopy and image analysis of myosin filaments from scallop striated muscle. AB - Thick filaments have been isolated from the striated adductor muscle of the scallop and examined by electron microscopy after negative staining. Many filaments appear intact, and reveal a centrally located bare-zone and a well defined helical surface array of myosin crossbridges characterized by a 145 A axial period and prominent helical tracks of pitch 480 A. Heavy-metal shadowing shows that these helices are right-handed. A small perturbation of alternate crossbridge levels produces an axial period of 290 A, which is most prominent in a region on either side of the bare-zone. Image analysis reveals that the crossbridge array has 7-fold rotational symmetry, one of the possibilities suggested by earlier X-ray diffraction studies of native filaments in scallop muscle. A low-resolution three-dimensional reconstruction shows elongated surface projections ("crossbridges") that probably represent unresolved pairs of myosin heads. They run almost parallel to the filament surface, but are slewed slightly from the axis so that they lie along the right-handed helical tracks of pitch 480 A. The connection to the filament backbone probably occurs at the end of the crossbridges nearer the bare-zone; thus, their sense of tilt appears to be opposite to that of rigor attachment to actin. The 290 A period arises from a different distribution of crossbridge density at alternate levels; in addition, there are weak connections between the top of one crossbridge and the bottom of the next, 145 A away. The prominence of the 290 A period near the bare-zone suggests that anti-parallel molecular interactions are mainly responsible for this perturbation. PMID- 6682453 TI - Structural similarities and differences amongst neurofilaments. AB - Neurofilaments purified from cat, ox, Loligo and Myxicola nerve fibres are composed of different numbers of polypeptides with different molecular weights. Mammalian neurofilaments also differ from those of marine invertebrates by being about 20% larger in diameter. Despite the differences, X-ray diffraction patterns from all the neurofilaments indicate a common alpha-helical content with alpha helices arranged in coiled-coils. The patterns from Myxicola neurofilaments also indicate a long-range periodicity along the length of these filaments which is of the order of 25.2 nm. PMID- 6682454 TI - Metabolism of 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene by hamster embryonic fibroblasts and its interaction with nuclear macromolecules. AB - Incubation of 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (6-nitroBaP) with hamster embryonic fibroblasts led to formation of both organic solvent-soluble and water-soluble products. High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of organic solvent soluble extracellular metabolites showed the predominant presence of dihydrodoils, with only small amounts of phenolic products. This differed from microsomal metabolism, using hepatic preparations from 3-methylcholanthrene pretreated rats, where a major phenolic peak was obtained. Subsequent treatment of aqueous layer with beta-glucuronidase, however, revealed that most of the phenols were associated with glucuronic acid to form water soluble products. Interaction of 6-nitroBaP with nuclear macromolecules from HEF was also studied. The chemical interacted with both DNA and RNA, but the specific activity was highest with nuclear proteins. This binding profile was found to be similar to that when benzo[a]pyrene was used, although the affinity toward protein binding was slightly higher for 6-nitroBaP. PMID- 6682455 TI - Pulmonary effects of intermittent subacute exposure to low-level nitrogen dioxide. AB - The pulmonary biochemical and morphological changes resulting from the inhalation of relatively low levels of NO2 for up to 15 wk were investigated. Specific pathogen-free Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 0, 1, or 5 ppm NO2 or 1 ppm with two spikes to 5 ppm NO2 for 7 h/d, 5 d/wk for up to 15 wk. These exposures produced a mild concentration-related pulmonary injury, with the 5-ppm group sustaining the most damage. The other NO2-exposed animals showed similar types of damage, although the extent was less than that observed in the 5-ppm-exposed group. After 15 wk of exposure, histopathological examination revealed focal areas of hyperinflation and alveolar macrophage accumulation in some of the 5-ppm and 1-5-ppm-exposed-exposed animals. These changes were preceded by a series of biochemical changes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Cell necrosis was indicated by elevated lavage fluid concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase after 1.7 to 2.7 wk of exposure. Also elevated were alkaline phosphatase and glutathione peroxidase. Lung tissue levels of glutathione reductase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase were also increased, indicating a possible protective response to the oxidant gas. After 15 wk of exposure, all biochemical indicators of injury has resolved. These data suggest that intermittent exposure to relatively low levels of NO2 with spike concentrations produces biochemical changes that resolve with continued exposure but produce histopathological changes that may persist with continued exposure. PMID- 6682456 TI - Respiratory syncytial virus mRNA coding assignments. AB - The polypeptide coding assignments for six of the respiratory syncytial virus specific mRNAs were determined by translation of the individual mRNAs in vitro. The coding assignments of the RNAs are as follows. RNA band 1 is complex and can be separated into at least two components on the basis of electrophoretic mobility (molecular weights [MWs] approximately equal to 0.21 X 10(6) and 0.31 X 10(6), respectively) that code for three polypeptides of 9.5, 11, and 14 kilodaltons (K). RNA 2 (MW, 0.39 X 10(6)) codes for a 34K polypeptide; RNA 3 (MW, 0.40 X 10(6)) codes for a 26K polypeptide; RNA 4 (MW, 0.47 X 10(6)) codes for a 42K polypeptide; and RNA 5 (MW, 0.74 X 10(6)) codes for a 59K polypeptide. By limited-digest peptide mapping, the 34, 26, and 42K polypeptides synthesized in vitro appeared to be unique. Additionally, peptide mapping showed that the 34, 26, and 42K polypeptides synthesized in vitro were indistinguishable from their counterparts synthesized in infected cells. Thus, the 34, 26, and 42K polypeptides coded for by mRNAs 2, 3, and 4, respectively, were identified as the respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein (34K), matrix protein (26K), and nucleocapsid protein (42K), respectively. RNA 5 was shown to code for a 59K polypeptide. The 59K polypeptide synthesized in vitro did not comigrate with any polypeptide specific to infected cells, suggesting that it is a candidate for co- or post-translational modification. PMID- 6682457 TI - Non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic nerve mediated relaxation of trigone, bladder neck and urethral smooth muscle in vitro. AB - Human trigone and porcine urethral, bladder neck and trigone smooth muscle were exposed to transmural electric field stimulation in vitro. The responses were composed of different combinations of a relaxation phase and a contraction phase. A few strips exhibited contractions only and a few strips relaxation only. The individual strip retained the behavior throughout the experiment. No systematic difference in the responses was found in strips from the different regions. The configuration of the response was slightly shifted in favor of contraction by beta-adrenergic blockade with propanolol and prostaglandin synthesis inhibition with Ketoprofen. After alpha-adrenergic blockade with phentolamine and cholinergic blockade with atropine, the reverse effect was seen with augmentation of the relaxation and reduction of the contraction. The relaxation phase was completely abolished by nerve poisoning with tetrodotoxin, but was still observed with all other antagonists present, and was therefore nerve-mediated through non cholinergic, non-adrenergic and non-prostaglandin transmitter or modulator systems. PMID- 6682458 TI - Gastrointestinal helminths of the cougar, felis concolor L., in northeastern Oregon. PMID- 6682459 TI - Premenstrual syndromes, depression linked. PMID- 6682461 TI - [Therapeutic tactics in diffuse polyposis of the large intestine (on A.M. Aminev's article)]. PMID- 6682462 TI - [Prevention, in the contralateral eye, of a giant tear ablation]. AB - In this paper the authors report on 11 patients with giant tear detachment, whose fellow eyes were prophylactically treated with cryopexy or laser coagulation. The patients were followed up for between 4 and 12 years. The prophylactic lesions were located radially or circumferentially (circumscribed or extending through 180 degrees). In 4 out of 11 patients new tears developed during the follow-up period. The tears occurred between 1 month and 7 1/2 years after prophylactic treatment. In one of these cases a giant tear (90 degrees) developed in spite of prophylaxis: this was a case in which the coagulations extended circumferentially for 180 degrees; the new tear originated posteriorly to the scars. In contrast to this only multiple small horseshoe tears were observed in the other 3 patients: in these cases the prophylactic lesions were arranged radially or were circumferential and circumscribed. Some of these horseshoe tears were still attached and were treated with cryopexy or laser coagulation; others were already detached, reattachment was achieved by cryopexy and radial buckling of the tears. PMID- 6682460 TI - [Treatment of diffuse polyposis of the large intestine]. PMID- 6682463 TI - [Laser coagulation of the trabecular meshwork in primary open-angle glaucoma]. AB - This paper presents data on 30 phakic eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma treated by argon laser trabecular surgery (Wise's technique). Mean intraocular pressure was reduced from 27.8 mm Hg to 18.3 mm Hg. The mean observation time was 7.2 months. Therapy failed in 3 cases of pigmentary glaucoma. There were no appreciable complications. PMID- 6682464 TI - [Effect of long space flights on amino acid metabolism]. AB - The amino acid composition of the plasma and serum of Salyut-6 crewmembers who performed flights of different duration was investigated. The parameter was found to vary depending on the flight time and use of different countermeasures. The 75 and 185-day cosmonauts who did not exercise in a full measure showed a decrease in the amino acid pool typical of emergency situations. The 96-, 140- and 175-day crewmembers who exercised as prescribed exhibited the lack of changes in the total content of amino acids and variations in the content of individual amino acids. The results of the study of the amino acid composition can be applied to the evaluation of inflight countermeasures, e.g. exercises, and to the development of rehabilitation measures postflight. PMID- 6682466 TI - Port wine stain coagulation experiments with a 540-nm continuous wave dye-laser. AB - Treatment of port wine stains with a continuous wave dye laser at 540 nm was performed in three patients. Coagulation of the capillary blood plexus without damaging the epidermis and superficial dermis was shown to be possible for laser energy densities between 5 J/cm2 and 6.5 J/cm2. Vascular destruction was realised up to about 0.3 mm dermal depth. After 5 months the skin was perfectly normal. A comparison with argon laser treatment was made. PMID- 6682465 TI - Methods in laboratory investigation. Monoclonal antibodies to type IV collagen: probes for the study of structure and function of basement membranes. AB - Type IV collagen is one of the main constituents of basement membranes, yet it is unknown whether the structural framework at different sites is assembled from one unique type of molecule or whether different type IV collagen molecules exist. To study the composition, chemical identity, and organization of this protein in different organs we have prepared monoclonal antibodies to a type IV collagen preparation from human placenta. Swiss Webster mice were hyperimmunized, and splenic cells were fused with the three different myeloma cell lines SP2/0, NS1, and U1. Type IV collagen-specific hybrids were selected and cloned by limiting dilution and on hard agar. Monoclonal antibodies secreted by two clones were extensively characterized by ELISA-inhibition assay, immunoprecipitation, rotary shadowing, and immunofluorescence techniques. Unlike conventionally raised antibodies in rabbits, both monoclonal antibody reagents show species-specific binding exclusively to native type IV collagen from human placenta but not to a similar preparation from calf lung or to other types of collagen. After heat denaturation of the antigen binding was no longer observed. The M3F7 antibody binding site is located within the triple helical domain of the type IV molecule, approximately 900 A removed from the amino terminal end as visualized by a metal shadow casting technique. The monoclonal antibody M3F7 precipitates material from pepsin-derived and radiolabeled type IV collagen, and analysis of the polypeptide chains in the immunoprecipitate by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggests that two major fragments are contained in the precipitate, which yield polypeptides of about 100 and 50 kilodaltons. After rotary shadowing of antigen-antibody mixtures native collagen fragments of two different size classes that bind antibody are visualized. One fragment is approximately 1500 A in length, and the other measures about 2700 to 3000 A. The localization of the antigenic site on these fragments suggests that both are generated by pepsin cleavage at a site about 900 A removed from the amino terminal end. In immunofluorescence experiments the monoclonal antibodies stained all basement membranes in kidney, lung, placenta, or skin, suggesting that at least the type IV collagen molecule recognized by these monoclonal antibodies is shared by a variety of vascular and epithelial basement membranes. PMID- 6682467 TI - Ageing, opioid analgesia and the pineal gland. AB - The effects of ageing on day-night rhythms of analgesia was examined with young (1-2 months), mature (8-12 months) and old (20-30 months) mice. Significant age related declines were observed both in the absolute levels and diel rhythms of morphine analgesia, with the most pronounced changes occurring at night. Administration of the pineal hormone, melatonin, augmented day-time levels of analgesia in all age classes and reversed the age-related decline in nocturnal morphine analgesia in old mice. Inhibition of pineal function in young mice by either exposure to light pulses or treatment with benserazide mimicked the effects of ageing on nocturnal morphine analgesia. These findings suggest that the pineal gland and melatonin are involved in modulating diel rhythms of analgesia and have an influential role on age-related changes in opioid responses. PMID- 6682468 TI - [Indications and chances for success in the surgical treatment of urinary incontinence in the female]. PMID- 6682470 TI - Relationship of plasma HDL-cholesterol to testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin levels in men and women. AB - The significance of sex hormone levels in determining variation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations was studied in healthy Seventh Day Adventists (vegetarians) and Mormons. These groups were selected to avoid the confounding effects of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking on HDL-C concentrations. Multivariate analysis showed that testosterone has a strong negative association with HDL-C in men (t = 3.99, P less than 0.001) and women (t = 2.04, P less than 0.05) when controlled for other variables including the concentration of sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Sex-hormone-binding globulin showed an independent positive association with HDL-C in men (P less than 0.001) and women (P less than 0.001). We postulate that the sex hormones affect HDL-C levels by regulating the activities of two important enzymes involved in the production and catabolism of HDL, namely, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic endothelial lipase. Other factors contributing independently to variation in HDL-C levels in this study were, in men, age and triglyceride, and in women, apoprotein-HDL, triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index, and triceps skinfold thickness. Plasma estradiol concentrations were not significantly associated in either sex. PMID- 6682469 TI - [Endoscopic submucous teflon implantation in urinary incontinence in the female]. PMID- 6682471 TI - Plasma lipoprotein retinoids after vitamin A feeding in normal man: minimal appearance of retinyl esters among low-density lipoproteins. AB - Retinyl esters have been thought to be carried solely by lipoproteins of intestinal origin (chylomicrons and their catabolic derivatives). Recent reports, however, have indicated that there may be significant transfer of retinyl esters from chylomicrons to low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in vitro, and that in other species, substantial amounts of retinyl esters may appear in LDL. Since in man lipoproteins of intestinal origin are not considered to contribute to a quantitatively significant extent to circulating LDL, we have examined this issue further. The distribution of retinol and retinyl esters within the plasma lipoproteins of eight normal human volunteers was measured following the ingestion of vitamin A along with a mixed meal. Retinyl esters appeared in the chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins. Small amounts of retinyl esters were also detected in the intermediate- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) classes. Estimates of the masses of retinyl esters, however, indicated that 5% or less of chylomicron retinyl esters appeared in the LDL. These observations are consistent with orderly chylomicron delipidation and provide further evidence that chylomicron-derived components do not contribute directly or to a quantitatively significant extent to circulating LDL. PMID- 6682472 TI - Federally-supported peer review in flux as regulations due, funding uncertain. PMID- 6682473 TI - [Transport and accumulation of biotin by cells of various fungal and yeast strains]. AB - Transport of 14C-biotin was studied in cells of different biotin-prototrophous yeast and mold fungal strains. An inverse correlation was established between the capability of the fungi to synthesize biotin and the exogenous vitamin transport: 14C-biotin did not penetrate into the cells of strains which excreted great quantities of the vitamin. It is likely that a higher level of biotin synthesis in certain fungi is caused by a peculiar transport system, which results in a one way permeability of their cell membrane for biotin. Biotin is eliminated from the cell and cannot repress its own synthesis. Active transport of biotin in the studied prototrophous organisms occurs against a concentration gradient and does not depend on the presence of glucose in the medium. There are apparently other energy sources for this process. PMID- 6682475 TI - Biochemical victims: false negative diagnosis through overreliance on laboratory results--a personal report. AB - The increasing tendency of doctors to base diagnosis on the results of laboratory investigations entails a corresponding decrease in the exercise of clinical judgment. This state of affairs can have harmful consequences for patients suffering from biochemically atypical forms of disorder, who may acquire functional psychiatric labels when they are in fact suffering from organic physical disorders. The author's personal experience of this invidious predicament is described. Although hypothyroidism was correctly diagnosed on clinical grounds within a few months of presentation, laboratory results were inconclusive and three years and three specialist consultations were to elapse before replacement therapy was obtained, and then only through unofficial channels. The handling of this case illustrates some unfortunate trends in contemporary medical practice with important implications for the health of patients. PMID- 6682474 TI - A proposed biologic cure for recurrent genital herpes simplex through injection of neurolytic agents into cutaneous sensory nerves. AB - It may be possible to eliminate Herpes simplex virus (HSV) from the skin of patients with chronic recurrent genital infections through destruction of the cutaneous sensory nerves of the genitals by injecting absolute alcohol into the affected areas. In so doing the latency of the virus in the sensory ganglia may be influenced, the immediate source of reinfection suppressed, and reactivation of HSV inhibited in the skin. PMID- 6682476 TI - Psychosis and the menstrual cycle. AB - A case of a puerperal psychosis in a 26-year-old woman who had a strong family history of schizophrenia is reported. Her symptoms resolved with chlorpromazine and electroconvulsive therapy, but recurred each month just before the onset of menses. The cyclical recurrence of symptoms was prevented by therapy with danazol, a synthetic steroid which inhibits ovulation and may influence several levels of the reproductive control mechanism from the hypothalamus to the uterus. This therapy may be helpful for other women who suffer from recurrence of severe psychiatric disorders in close association with the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6682477 TI - Fever, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia and central nervous system symptoms in a 46 year-old man. PMID- 6682478 TI - The case of the mechanical heart implantation: one man's view of its human significance. PMID- 6682479 TI - Assimilatory nitrate reductase from the green alga Ankistrodesmus braunii. AB - Assimilatory nitrate reductase (NAD(P)H-nitrate oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.6.2) from the green alga Ankistrodesmus braunii can be purified to homogeneity by dye ligand chromatography on blue-Sepharose. The purified enzyme, whose turnover number is 623 s-1, presents an optimum pH of 7.5 and Km values of 13 microM, 23 microM and 0.15 mM for NADH, NADPH and nitrate, respectively. The NADH-nitrate reductase activity exhibits an iso ping pong bi bi kinetic mechanism. The molecular weight of the native nitrate reductase is 467 400, while that of its subunits is 58 750. These values suggest an octameric structure for the enzyme, which has been confirmed by electron microscopy. As deduced from spectrophotometric and fluorimetric studies, the enzyme contains FAD and cytochrome b-557 as prosthetic groups. FAD is not covalently bound to the protein and is easily dissociated in diluted solutions from the enzyme. Its apparent Km value is 4 nM, indicative of a high affinity of the enzyme for FAD. The results of the quantitative analyses of prosthetic groups indicate that nitrate reductase contains four molecules of flavin, four heme irons, and two atoms of molybdenum. The three components act sequentially transferring electrons from reduced pyridine nucleotides to nitrate, thus forming a short electron transport chain along the protein. A mechanism is proposed for the redox interconversion of the nitrate reductase activity. Inactivation seems to occur by formation of a stable complex of reduced enzyme with cyanide or superoxide, while reactivation is a consequence of reoxidation of the inactive enzyme. Both reactions imply the transfer of only one electron. PMID- 6682480 TI - [The incomplete fetal alcohol syndrome]. AB - In contrast to the wellknown picture of the "fetal alcohol syndrome" (FAS), clinical symptoms of the incomplete FAS are less frequently recognized compared to the high incidence of the syndrome as stated in the literature. The diagnostic problem is a clear differentiation between mild forms of the incomplete FAS and clinical normality. Post-natal growth deficiency and microcephaly of unknown aetiology, clinical symptoms of hyperactivity, learning disabilities or mild mental retardation are the main features of the incomplete FAS. The diagnosis is established only by a positive history of maternal alcohol abuse. PMID- 6682481 TI - [Morphological characteristics indicating testicular differentiation in various forms of the streak-gonad syndrome]. PMID- 6682482 TI - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by thymidine and the potentiation of mutagen-induced SCEs in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - The effect of nucleosides, a group of naturally occurring cell constituents, on the frequency of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been studied. Addition of thymidine (TdR) to the culture medium causes a dose-dependent increase and at 100 microM concentration, the SCE frequency is approximately doubled. This effect is totally reversed by 200 microM deoxycytidine (dCdR) suggesting that deoxycytidine starvation is responsible for this enhancing effect. Neither dCdR by itself nor deoxyadenosine (dAdR) or deoxyguanosine (dGdR) up to 300 microM concentrations had any effect on the incidence of SCE. The frequency of SCE induced by 10(-7) M N-methyl-N-nitro nitrosoguanine (MNNG) is increased 2-fold by the addition of 100 microM TdR and this effect is also cancelled by 200 microM dCdR. These results point to the importance of the balance in DNA-precursor pools for normal DNA synthesis, infidelity of replication and errors in the replication of alkylated DNA increasing when the precursor pools become unbalanced. PMID- 6682483 TI - Sister-chromatid exchanges and gene mutations are induced by the replication of 5 bromo- and 5-chloro-deoxyuridine substituted DNA. AB - The thymidine (dT) analogue 5-chlorodeoxyuridine (CldU) induces 7-8-fold more sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) than does 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at equal substitution for dT in Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture. This difference facilitates study of the mechanism of induction of SCE by these analogues. Cultures were incubated with either BrdU or CldU for one cell cycle, followed by incubation in the presence of dT alone or BrdU or CldU for the second cell cycle and the SCE frequency determined in M2 cells. The results suggest that the induction of SCE is dependent only on the replication of the analogue-substituted DNA during the second cell cycle. Additional studies employed cultures grown in the presence of BrdU or CldU for 7 days to obtain mainly bifilarly substituted DNA, followed by 2 rounds of replication in the presence of dT alone. The SCE frequencies were approximately twice those found in cultures which had undergone the usual 2 rounds in the presence of the analogue; this is consistent with the replication of twice the amount of analogue-substituted DNA. Furthermore, such long-term growth in the presence of BrdU or CldU also results in concentration dependent increases in the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants, suggesting that gene mutations also result from the replication of analogue substituted DNA. PMID- 6682484 TI - Danazol for the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is an autoimmune disorder, most common in young women. We treated 22 patients with this disorder (12 of whom were women) with danazol, an androgen with reduced virilizing capability, for two months or longer. Fifteen had undergone splenectomy, all were receiving glucocorticoids, and 18 had also been given other treatments. Fifteen of the patients were benefited, 11 with sustained normalization of their platelet counts. Six of eight patients tested had initial increases in circulating platelet-reactive IgG; in all six there was a marked decrease concomitant with danazol therapy. Danazol was effective in both men and women, irrespective of previous treatments. The duration of remissions ranged from 2 to 13 months. The drug was well tolerated and appears to be better suited than glucocorticoids for long-term management of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, but the exact indications for the use of danazol in this disorder remain to be determined. PMID- 6682485 TI - Exploiting sex for therapeutic purposes. PMID- 6682486 TI - Movement of myosin-coated fluorescent beads on actin cables in vitro. AB - Myosin-coated fluorescent beads are observed to move unidirectionally along organized actin filament arrays in the alga, Nitella, with an average velocity similar to in vivo rates of movement in muscle and other cells. The myosin produces the motive force, as the movement is ATP dependent and is blocked by inactivation of the myosin heads. The movement, which occurs in the absence of bipolar thick filaments, provides a quantitative assay for myosin motility. PMID- 6682487 TI - Induced abortion and social factors in wild horses. AB - Much evidence now suggests that the postnatal killing of young in primates and carnivores, and induced abortions in some rodents, are evolved traits exerting strong selective pressures on adult male and female behaviour. Among ungulates it is perplexing that either no species have developed convergent tactics or that these behaviours are not reported, especially as ungulates have social systems similar to those of members of the above groups. Only in captive horses (Equus caballus) has infant killing been reported. It has been estimated that 40,000 wild horses live in remote areas of the Great Basin Desert of North America (US Department of Interior (Bureau of Land Management), unpublished report), where they occur in harems (females and young) defended by males. Here I present evidence that, rather than killing infants directly, invading males induce abortions in females unprotected by their resident stallions and these females are then inseminated by the new males. PMID- 6682488 TI - Changes in cell shape and actin distribution induced by constant electric fields. AB - The development of motility in cultured cells is usually associated with a polarization of the cell shape. In particular, the leading edge of the cell is extended into a lamella which acts as a locus for the elaboration of cell processes and for the formation of cell-substrate contacts and, at the opposite end, retraction fibres often extend beyond the trailing edge of the cell. The alignment of microfilament bundles (stress fibres) along the direction of migration and the presence of a band of actin at the leading edge of the cell suggest an involvement of this protein in the motile process. The direction of growth and orientation of various cell types in tissue culture can be influenced by externally applied d.c. electric fields but the effect of the field on cellular motile activities is unknown. Here we describe a galvanotropic response of cultured Xenopus epithelial cells. At a field strength of 5 V cm-1 these cells elongate perpendicularly with respect to the field. The anodal side of the cell retracts and both the ends and cathodal edge become active in the extension of ruffling lamellipodia. In parallel with the change in the cell axis, stress fibres are oriented perpendicularly to the field, and a band of actin is associated with the lamellae at the cathodal edge and at the ends of the cell. PMID- 6682490 TI - Reversal of morphine-induced catalepsy in the rat by narcotic antagonists and their quaternary derivatives. AB - The effects of the pure narcotic antagonists, naloxone and naltrexone, and their quaternary derivatives, methylnaloxone and methylnaltrexone, were examined in reversing the catalepsy induced by morphine in rats. Morphine, 20 mg/kg, induced rigid catalepsy which attained a peak effect (as manifested by duration of catalepsy) at 60-120 min and progressively declined thereafter. Both naloxone and naltrexone, administered subcutaneously 40 min after the injection of morphine, dose-dependently reduced the duration of the catalepsy at doses of 10-30 micrograms/kg. Methylnaloxone also completely reversed the catalepsy at doses of 1-10 mg/kg, when given subcutaneously. In contrast, the subcutaneous administration of methylnaltrexone only partially reversed the catalepsy at doses up to 56 mg/kg 60-90 min post-morphine. The extent of the reversal of catalepsy produced by methylnaltrexone tended to increase with time. Methylnaltrexone, administered into the cerebral ventricles 70 min after the injection of morphine, completely suppressed the catalepsy with an ED50 of approx. 1 microgram/kg when tested at 90 min after morphine. These results indicate that opiate-induced catalepsy is predominantly mediated at sites within the central nervous system. Methylnaltrexone is about 10,000 times more potent in reversing catalepsy when administered centrally than when administered peripherally. Thus, methylnaltrexone may be useful in defining sites of opiate action and in therapeutically blocking undesirable peripheral effects of opiate analgesics. PMID- 6682489 TI - The value and limitations of the CO2 laser in neurosurgery. AB - A report is made of 42 patients operated on by the 100 W CO2 laser from May 1979 to May 1980 and the effects of the continuous and pulsed emission of the beam are discussed. The usefulness of the Laser-microscope coupling is also reported. One estimates the average amount of blood transfused during and soon after the operation and this is compared with blood transfused in 42 patients operated by a 50 W CO2 laser and 42 patients operated by traditional techniques. The authors have been using the CO2 laser routinely since May 1977. Its use has been sometimes useful, sometimes very useful or indispensable, sometimes useless and/or dangerous. PMID- 6682491 TI - Supratentorial capillary hemangioblastoma presenting with fatal spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. AB - Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage from a supratentorial capillary hemangioblastoma resulting in the death of a 26-year-old woman is reported. We suggest that the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein containing stromal cells in the tumor tissue may serve as a point distinguishing hemangioblastoma from angioblastic meningioma. PMID- 6682492 TI - Sexual automatisms in complex partial seizures. AB - Ictal sexual automatisms such as masturbatory activity, pelvic thrusting, or similar automatisms for which the patient is amnesic have been attributed to temporal lobe disease. Of 61 patients with medically refractory complex partial seizures, 14 had frontal lobe seizure foci. Four of these patients manifested sexual automatisms in some or all of their seizures. Frontal lobe seizure origin was documented by depth EEG in three patients. In the fourth, a calcified lesion was demonstrated radiologically. In three patients, frontal lobectomy revealed abnormal frontal lobe pathology and was followed by 75 to 100% reduction in seizure frequency. Sexual automatisms did not occur in patients with seizures originating in any area other than the frontal lobe. PMID- 6682493 TI - Radiologic evaluation of the mediastinum in myasthenia gravis. AB - We reviewed the records of 36 patients with myasthenia gravis who had CT of the anterior mediastinum before thymectomy in an effort to improve preoperative detection of thymoma. At surgery, 10 patients had thymomas, 21 had germinal center follicular hyperplasia, and 5 had histologically normal glands. CT performed on an EMI 5005 was abnormal in 23 of 36 patients; 10 had thymoma, 11 had hyperplasia, 1 had a normal gland, and 1 had a cyst. Tumors were detected by routine chest x-ray in 5 of 10 patients and by linear tomography in 7 of 8. All four patients with calcified masses on CT had thymomas (including the patient with normal linear tomograms). CT alone is too sensitive a screening test; 12 of 25 patients with hyperplasia or normal glands had abnormal scans. However, in combination with chest x-ray and linear tomography, we detected 10 of 10 patients with thymoma with reasonable certainty. PMID- 6682494 TI - The syndrome of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction. AB - Bilateral anterior paramedian thalamic infarction resulting from occlusion of a bilaterally distributed thalamosubthalamic paramedian artery was demonstrated on CT in two patients. Patient 1 presented with a transient coma followed by asterixis, hypersomnia, vertical gaze disturbances, profound Korsakoff amnesic syndrome, and a subcortical dementia. Patient 2, with a predominantly right-sided thalamic infarct, showed good recovery from amnesia and vertical gaze disturbances. However, patient 1 remained with severe amnesia and mild subcortical dementia at follow-up 1 year later. These and similar reported cases constitute a lacunar syndrome with characteristic clinical and CT features. PMID- 6682495 TI - Bilateral distal vertebral artery occlusion. AB - Nine patients with bilateral occlusions of the distal vertebral arteries had clinical profiles that differed from patients with other vertebrobasilar lesions and formed a recognizable subunit. Bilateral distal vertebral artery occlusion is uncommon; it occurs primarily in hypertensive patients, and neurologic deficits develop progressively or stepwise over a longer time period than in basilar artery or branch occlusion. It causes mostly cerebellar and lower brainstem signs as a result of chronic low flow in the posterior circulation; it may cause sudden respiratory death. The prognosis is grave. Anticoagulant therapy alone is probably ineffective. PMID- 6682497 TI - Aseptic meningoencephalitis in primary Sjogren's syndrome. AB - The clinical features and CSF characteristics of five patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and associated aseptic meningoencephalitis (AME) are described. Episodes of AME were recurrent in four patients. Viral, fungal, and bacterial cultures were uniformly negative. Plasma cells were observed in the CSF but not in the blood of three patients. The CSF IgG:albumin index was elevated, suggesting intrathecal synthesis of IgG in each of the four patients tested; each patient had either one or two broad bands with the mobility of IgG on CSF agarose electrophoresis. These observations are consistent with current understanding of SS as a polyclonal gammopathy associated with the multifocal proliferation of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. PMID- 6682496 TI - Different patterns of uremic polyneuropathy: clinicopathologic study. AB - Ten patients with a uremic polyneuropathy were investigated. Chronic renal failure was associated with a variety of neuropathies, including an acute axonal neuropathy, a progressive axonal neuropathy with secondary segmental demyelination, and a predominantly demyelinative neuropathy. All patterns were associated with distal degeneration of fibers evidenced by axonal sprouting observed on single-fiber preparations. The etiology of such variations in pathology of uremic neuropathy is still not clearly understood. PMID- 6682498 TI - In vitro synthesis of antibodies to acetylcholine receptor by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - We studied the in vitro synthesis of antibodies to acetylcholine receptor (anti AChR) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and normal subjects (NS). PBM from three of eight patients with generalized MG (MG-G) synthesized anti-AChR in vitro in the absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and seven of eight did so in the presence of PWM. In individual subjects with MG-G, the levels of anti-AChR secreted in vitro by PBM correlated with serum anti-AChR antibody levels (r = 0.77) but not with the amount of IgG secreted in vitro (r = 0.44). No anti-AChR secretion was seen in culture of PBM from a patient with ocular MG, a patient with thymoma without MG, or six NS. PMID- 6682499 TI - The diagnosis and classification of multiple sclerosis: evoked responses and spinal fluid electrophoresis. AB - Multimodality evoked responses (including visual, brainstem auditory, and somatosensory) and CSF analysis were evaluated in 123 patients grouped into definite, probable, and possible MS according to the McAlpine criteria. The evoked responses (ERs) were very sensitive in detecting asymptomatic lesions and can therefore be used in conjunction with clinical data to provide evidence of multiple lesions. The CSF abnormalities also have high sensitivity and specificity in MS. ER and CSF findings, therefore, should be considered in addition to the clinical data in any classification of MS. PMID- 6682500 TI - Acute myopathy associated with gasoline sniffing. AB - Acute myopathy and myoglobinuria with markedly elevated creatine kinase (CK) activity developed in an 18-year-old boy on two occasions after gasoline sniffing. No signs of CNS involvement were seen, and the symptoms receded in a few days. The amount of lead in blood and urine exceeded the reference value for subjects with occupational exposure. The component of gasoline that was responsible for the myopathy remains unknown. Acute myoglobinuria appears to be a rare complication of gasoline sniffing. PMID- 6682502 TI - Effect of doxepin on seizure frequency in depressed epileptic patients. AB - We performed a retrospective study of the effect of antidepressant treatment with doxepin on seizure frequency. From 47 patients treated with doxepin in 3 years, a confirmed seizure disorder and adequate follow-up (mean, 6.8 months) were available for 19 patients. Comparison of mean monthly seizure frequency during equal blocks of time before and during treatment with doxepin in doses of 5 to 400 mg/day demonstrated improved seizure control in 15, no change in 2, and increased seizures in 2 patients. The reduction in seizure frequency may have been a result of a direct antiepileptic effect of doxepin, an indirect effect because of improved affective state, drug interactions, or some combination of these mechanisms. PMID- 6682501 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome in the United States, 1978-1981: additional observations from the national surveillance system. AB - During the period January 1978-March 1981, 2,575 cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) were reported by participating neurologists in the national GBS surveillance system. The incidence of GBS was highest in the 50- to 74-year-old age group, but a lesser peak was observed in persons aged 15 to 35. The frequencies of antecedent respiratory (43%) and gastrointestinal (21%) illness exceeded frequencies of such illnesses in the US population (10 and 0.8%, respectively), based on survey data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics; the differences in these frequencies of illness were similar in all seasons of the year, in males and in females, and in persons less than 6, 6 to 16, 17 to 44, and greater than 44 years of age. Nineteen percent of adult patients for whom information was available (67% of the total) reported receiving an A/New Jersey influenza vaccine in 1976, a lower percentage than would be expected on the basis of a survey conducted in that year. The data suggest that persons who received this vaccine have not been at increased risk and may even have been at decreased risk of acquiring GBS during the period covered by this study. PMID- 6682503 TI - Epidemiologic investigation of the association between herpes zoster and multiple sclerosis. AB - The apparent association between MS and herpes zoster reported in the literature was investigated in a community-based epidemiologic study. Five hundred ninety residents of Rochester, Minnesota, diagnosed with herpes zoster from 1945 through 1959 were followed 9,389 person-years for onset of MS. No cases were observed, whereas 0.2 case was expected, using Rochester incidence rates for MS. Calculation of the power of this study indicated that approximately 200,000 person-years of follow-up of herpes zoster patients is necessary in order to detect a threefold increase in incidence of MS with 85% probability. Conversely, 48 Rochester residents diagnosed with MS were followed for 860 person-years for subsequent onset of herpes zoster. Three cases were observed, whereas 1.8 cases were expected for a relative risk of 1.7, which is not significantly different from unity. PMID- 6682504 TI - Neurologic complications of phenylpropanolamine use. AB - Eleven patients had neurologic symptoms after taking "look-alike" pills thought to contain amphetamines but actually containing phenylpropanolamine. Phenylpropanolamine, a nonregulated drug, is structurally and functionally similar to amphetamines. Acute onset of headache, psychiatric symptoms, or seizures in young patients may be due to phenylpropanolamine use. PMID- 6682505 TI - Paroxysmal language disturbance in an epileptic treated with clobazam. AB - An 18-year-old male student had a 3-month history of partial seizures with cognitive symptomatology, with occasional secondary generalization. After 3 weeks of treatment with clobazam 20 mg a day, the patient developed, in association with his seizures, a neologistic jargon dysphasia but with loss of inflection, volume, and rhythm of speech, presumably as a result of the effect of the clobazam. PMID- 6682506 TI - Degenerating compartment and functioning compartment of motor neurons in ALS: possible process of motor neuron loss. AB - Using a morphometric method, we studied ventral spinal roots and anterior horn neurons of the fourth lumbar segment in 17 patients with ALS. Both populations of large myelinated fibers and anterior horn cells had significantly high correlations to muscle strength in the legs and duration of symptoms. However, active axonal degeneration was consistently present in terms of either large myelinated fibers or anterior horn cells. PMID- 6682507 TI - Radionuclide angiocardiographic analysis of myocardial function in myotonic muscular dystrophy. AB - Using radionuclide angiocardiography, we studied cardiac function in 10 men with myotonic muscular dystrophy who had no cardiac symptoms and were less than 50 years of age, comparing resting and exercise performance of the heart. Nine of 10 patients had an abnormality of myocardial function. The interaction of exercise induced cardiomyopathy with conduction system abnormalities may be important in sudden cardiac dysfunction in patients with myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 6682508 TI - Performance on hemispatial pointing task by patients with neglect syndrome. AB - Five patients with left hemispatial neglect and five aphasic control subjects were given a hemispatial pointing task. They were instructed to point to an imaginary point in space perpendicular to the midline of the chest. Right hemisphere-damaged subjects with neglect deviated more into the hemispace ipsilateral to the lesion than left hemisphere-damaged controls. This task did not require sensory input from left hemispace, and the defective performance cannot be attributed to sensory inattention or to impaired gaze or memory. The finding is compatible with hemispatial akinesia. PMID- 6682509 TI - Dandy-Walker syndrome diagnosed in utero. PMID- 6682510 TI - Prevalence of spontaneous lingual-facial-buccal dyskinesias. PMID- 6682511 TI - Bromocriptine and erythromelalgia-like eruptions. PMID- 6682512 TI - False-negative CT in astrocytomas. PMID- 6682513 TI - Neurological curriculum--College of Medicine, USF. PMID- 6682514 TI - Seasonal variation of multiple sclerosis exacerbations in Arizona. AB - We studied 178 MS patients and 82 controls for 5 years. A monthly pattern in in the frequency of exacerbations in Arizona differed from the patterns seen in other regions of the world. Exacerbations were most common in warmer months. No explanation for this was found. In this prospective study, the frequency of viral infections in the MS patients was lower than in the controls. PMID- 6682515 TI - Skeletal muscle NAD+(P) and NADP+-dependent malic enzyme in Friedreich's ataxia. AB - Malic enzymes were studied in skeletal muscle from seven patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FA) and nine controls. Muscle contained three different malic enzymes. There were two strictly NADP+-dependent enzymes, one in the cytosol and one in mitochondria. These two enzymes are not allosteric. In FA muscle, activity of the mitochondrial NADP+-linked enzyme was significantly low and the cytosol NADP+-linked enzyme was significantly increased. A third malic enzyme, NAD+(P)-dependent, was found in the mitochondrial fraction. That enzyme had allosteric properties, and its activity was about the same in FA and control muscle. PMID- 6682516 TI - Localized brainstem ischemic damage and Ondine's curse after near-drowning. AB - A 19-year-old man was a victim of near-drowning in fresh water. After he was resuscitated, examination showed nystagmus, absent gag reflex, diminished facial sensation, dysmetria of all limbs, and failure of automatic respiration. His intellect was perfectly preserved. Eight months later, he died suddenly, and the essential neuropathologic findings were limited to the lower brainstem. There was marked neuronal depletion bilaterally in the nucleus gracilis, nucleus cuneatus, nucleus of the tractus solitarius, nucleus ambiguus, and nucleus retroambiguus; several other lower-brainstem nuclei showed evidence of damage, but to lesser extent. The neuropathologic findings seem to have been an unusual consequence of anoxia-ischemia and support previous concepts of the anatomical localization of the human respiratory centers. PMID- 6682517 TI - Susceptibility of feline spinal cord energy metabolism to severe incomplete ischemia. AB - Feline spinal cords were subjected to 10 to 30 minutes of severe incomplete ischemia (average reduction in blood flow of 92%) with and without 90 minutes of recirculation, and the L-2 segment was analyzed for high-energy phosphates and certain glycolytic metabolites. Spinal cord tissue lactic acid levels were stepwise elevated, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (P creatine), and glucose were progressively consumed by increasing durations of ischemia. However, upon restoration of blood flow, there was extensive recovery of energy metabolites and normalized lactic acid, demonstrating resumption of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. These data indicate that the spinal cord can tolerate at least 30 minutes of severely reduced blood flow before recovery of energy metabolism is significantly impaired upon restitution of blood flow. PMID- 6682518 TI - Dorsal midbrain syndrome from giant aneurysm of the posterior fossa: report of two cases. AB - Two patients with giant posterior fossa aneurysms compressing the upper ventral brainstem presented principally with findings referable to the dorsal midbrain (upgaze paralysis and lid retraction). We hypothesize that the signs were produced by kinking of the upper brainstem, thus compressing the dorsal midbrain against the free edge of the tentorium of the cerebellum. PMID- 6682519 TI - Phonological agraphia: writing by the lexical-semantic route. AB - Two writing routes (phonological and lexical) have been postulated. We studied four patients who had disruption of the phonological route (ie, inability to write pronounceable nonwords) but with a preserved lexical route. Results showed that the phonological route has two components: segmentation and phoneme-grapheme conversion. Disruption of either function may induce phonological agraphia. The preserved lexical route uses a whole-word mechanism and is strongly affected by semantic factors, such as imageability, emotionality, and grammatic class. Results of CT suggest that a portion of the supramarginal gyrus is the most likely anatomic substrate of phonological agraphia. PMID- 6682520 TI - Adaptation to lateral displacement of vision in patients with lesions of the central nervous system. AB - The visual-motor adaptation to lateral displacement of vision by prism glasses was studied in normal individuals and patients with cerebellar dysfunction, Parkinson's disease, right or left cerebral hemisphere lesions, Alzheimer's disease, or Korsakoff's syndrome. Adaptation was analyzed in two phases, the return to normal pointing with prism glasses in place (the "error reduction portion") and the mispointing in the opposite direction after the glasses were removed (the "negative aftereffect portion"). Negative aftereffect, which seems to be the best measure of true adaptation, was significantly reduced only for the cerebellar patients. This poor performance supports the involvement of the cerebellum in motor learning. PMID- 6682521 TI - Studies of diabetic polyneuropathy using conduction velocity distribution (DCV) analysis. AB - The distributions of nerve fiber conduction velocities (DCVs) derived from the median nerves of 29 adult diabetic patients (mean age, 52.1 +/- 12.3 years) with mild or no symptoms or signs of polyneuropathy were compared with DCVs from 34 age-appropriate normal subjects. Ten patients (34%) had normal findings (type A DCVs). In the 19 patients (66%) with abnormal DCVs, defined as 10% or more of the DCV area falling outside the normal 95% confidence limits, two distinct patterns of DCV alteration were observed: type B DCVs (11 patients) showed reduced DCVmax, DCVmean, and DCVpeak, together with reduced DCVrange (narrow profile); whereas type C DCVs (8 patients) had reduced DCVmax, DCVmean, DCVpeak, and DCVmin, with normal DCVrange (broad profile). It is proposed that type C DCV represents a more advanced form of type B and that both reflect selective dysfunction of the fastest conducting (presumably largest-diameter) fibers in the nerve trunk. DCVmax was consistently greater than conventional measures of "maximal" CV in all patient subgroups. Patients with abnormal DCVs had higher incidence of mild neuropathic symptoms (15 of 19 versus 4 of 10, p less than 0.01) and greater insulin dependence (11 of 19 versus 1 of 10, p less than 0.001). Serial studies in 10 patients showed, at most, small degrees of change in conduction properties over relatively short intervals (1 to 9 months). PMID- 6682522 TI - Friedreich's disease: IV. Reduced mitochondrial malic enzyme activity in heterozygotes. AB - Friedreich's disease (FD) obligate heterozygotes have reduced mitochondrial malic enzyme (MEm) activity in cultured fibroblasts. This indicates that the MEm deficiency in homozygous affected patients is genetically determined. Heterozygote MEm activity was only 20% of the control mean activity, lower than the 50% expected in an autosomal-recessive disorder. This may result from negative interactions between mutant and normal subunits in the tetrameric enzyme. These data support the idea that MEm deficiency causes FD, but further studies are required to prove this hypothesis. PMID- 6682523 TI - Exercising muscle does not produce hypoxanthine in adenylate deaminase deficiency. AB - The failure of forearm exercise to increase plasma hypoxanthine in subjects with adenylate deaminase deficiency confirms this enzyme's role in hypoxanthine production by normal forearm exercise. The conversion of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to hypoxanthine may reflect an alternative method of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration in working muscle. PMID- 6682524 TI - Silicon as a potential uremic neurotoxin: trace element analysis in patients with renal failure. AB - We analyzed multiple trace elements in tap water, dialysis fluids, and CSF of patients on dialysis and with chronic renal insufficiency. Before placement of a deionizer in the dialysis unit, we found elevated levels of aluminum, barium, copper, silicon, and zinc in tap water and dialysis fluids. These were corrected by the deionizer. CSF silicon content was increased in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and on dialysis; CSF aluminum, barium, copper, and zinc were normal. PMID- 6682525 TI - Myopathy and hypersensitivity to phenytoin. AB - A 19-year-old man with a generalized seizure disorder was treated with phenytoin. A hypersensitivity reaction was marked by hepatitis, severe myalgia, proximal arm weakness, and high serum creatine kinase. Biopsy was diagnostic of myopathy. Patients demonstrating abnormalities of immune responsiveness may best be managed by use of an alternative anticonvulsant. PMID- 6682526 TI - Isolated ocular myopathy and celiac disease in childhood. AB - Neurologic deficits complicating celiac disease are well-described in adults. Here we report a 12-year-old girl in whom isolated ocular myopathy was the presenting feature of biopsy-proven celiac disease; the process was apparently reversed by a gluten-free diet and vitamin supplementation. PMID- 6682528 TI - Sensory seizure mimicking a psychogenic seizure. AB - A patient had episodes of bilateral paresthesias with retained consciousness. The attacks were clinically considered to be psychogenic seizures. Electroencephalography indicated that the attacks were epileptic, perhaps originating from the second sensory area. Electroencephalographic recording of a seizure is essential in differentiating epileptic from psychogenic episodes. PMID- 6682527 TI - Classical "parietal" neglect syndrome after subcortical right frontal lobe infarction. AB - The classical unilateral neglect syndrome is usually associated with lesions of the nondominant inferior parietal lobe. Symptoms typically include a disturbance of orienting and attending to sensory events. We examined three patients with a "parietal" neglect syndrome: CT-documented infarctions that involved only the subcortical right frontal lobe and basal ganglia. There was no CT abnormality in the nondominant parietal lobe. Our data support the view that for polymodal cortical association areas such as the parietal lobe, which connect a variety of distant cerebral areas including the frontal lobe and basal ganglia, damage in a part of the network may be associated with different aspects of the neglect syndrome. PMID- 6682529 TI - Spontaneous oral-facial dyskinesia: neuropathology of a case. AB - The neuropathologic findings in a previously reported patient with spontaneous oral-facial dyskinesia are presented. The main microscopic abnormalities were limited to the dorsal halves of the caudate and putamen, which showed a unique pattern of neuronal cell loss and severe gliosis, giving a mosaic appearance. These findings differ from those of other known hereditary or acquired involuntary movement disorders. PMID- 6682530 TI - Childhood oligodendrogliomas presenting with seizures and low-density lesions on computed tomography. AB - Three children with cerebral oligodendrogliomas causing partial complex or generalized seizures presented with completely normal neurologic examinations. CT showed low-density, nonenhancing surface lesions. Although these CT features are usually associated with infarcts or cysts, neoplasm was suspected because of irregularity of the margins and erosion of the adjacent inner table of the skull. Oligodendrogliomas often enlarge slowly and may cause seizures years before they produce focal neurologic signs. CT of all children with seizures not responsive to anticonvulsant medication and focal clinical or EEG abnormalities will hasten diagnosis of slowly growing intracranial mass lesions. PMID- 6682532 TI - Acute hemiparesis in juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6682531 TI - ALS and parkinsonian syndromes among the Auyu and Jakai. PMID- 6682533 TI - A migrainous syndrome with pleocytosis. PMID- 6682534 TI - The anxiogenic action of Ro 5-4864 is reversed by phenytoin. AB - Ro 5-4864, a selective ligand for the benzodiazepine micromolar and peripheral receptors, had a significant dose-related (5-20 mg/kg) anxiogenic action in the social interaction test of anxiety. This anxiogenic effect was reversed by phenytoin (10 mg/kg), a ligand for the micromolar receptors, but unaffected by the isoquinoline PK 11195 (10 mg/kg), a ligand for the peripheral receptors. PMID- 6682535 TI - Intraocular SF6 gas applications: treatment of retinal detachments caused by holes at the posterior pole. AB - Retinal detachments caused by holes in the posterior pole are rare among rhegmatogenous detachments, but the central position of the holes causes considerable difficulties on surgery. The use of intraocular gas bubbles affords new possibilities for the treatment of these cases. Among 1,800 consecutively treated retinal detachments, we found only 21 which were due exclusively to one or more holes at the posterior pole; of these, only 7 exhibited a hole directly in the macula. The operative treatment of these 21 detachments consisted of an intraocular gas tamponade effected through injection of SF6 combined with cryo- and laser coagulation of the periphery of the holes. Reattachment of the macula and improved visual acuity were achieved in 19 cases. The postoperative follow-up ranges from 4 to 60 months, with a mean of 29 months. PMID- 6682537 TI - State prepares for K-12 immunization effort. PMID- 6682536 TI - Effect of tubal occlusion on bone formation in the middle ear of the rat. AB - The effect of experimental occlusion of the Eustachian tube in rats have been studied. Only in germ-free animals it has been possible to eliminate infection as a complicating factor. The formation of new bone in the wall of middle ear and bulla was apparent soon after occlusion, even in the absence of infection. These findings suggest that tubal occlusion causing serous otitis media can lead to extensive changes in the bone lining the middle ear cavity and this could explain the condensation of bone found in ears without any apparent sign of infection. PMID- 6682538 TI - Positioning your practice to best advantage. PMID- 6682539 TI - Who will 'deliver' health care? PMID- 6682540 TI - Hypertension program needs feedback. PMID- 6682541 TI - Accidental injuries epidemic of decade. PMID- 6682542 TI - An overview of tuberculosis in the 1980s. PMID- 6682543 TI - Elevated CPK with gram negative sepsis. PMID- 6682544 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine use outlined. PMID- 6682545 TI - [Creatine phosphate content and creatine phosphokinase activity in the cardiomyocyte mitochondria in myocardial infarct in rats subjected to emotional and pain stress]. PMID- 6682546 TI - [Nonspecific esterases of the extramural ganglia of the rabbit autonomic nervous system in acute experimental emotional stress]. PMID- 6682547 TI - Radiological findings in the hand in Seckel syndrome (bird-headed dwarfism). AB - Two patients with severe intrauterine growth retardation and bird-headed appearance are described. These two children had most of the clinical features of the so-called Seckel dwarfism. The radiological findings included: (1) ivory epiphyses affecting all phalanges in one patient and many phalanges in another; (2) cone-shaped epiphyses in the proximal phalanges; (3) marked disharmonic bone maturation between carpals and phalanges, between individual carpals, and from side to side; (4) alteration in the length of the hand bones, with considerable similarity of the metacarpophalangeal pattern between the two children; (5) relatively small carpals, which have an angular configuration; and (6) relatively normal or increased cortical thickness of the metacarpals. PMID- 6682549 TI - The Genain Quadruplets at age 51: report of handwriting assessment. AB - A set of monozygotic female quadruplets developed schizophrenia at age 26 and were treated at the National Institute of Mental Health for several years. Using graphic material of these unusual subjects, this study demonstrates how handwriting, statistically in graph forms, expresses the developmental stages before (at age 16), during the acute phase of the disease (age 26 to 28) and 25 yr. later (age 51) when they functioned outside a hospital setting in various degrees of competency. PMID- 6682548 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of an accessory spleen in recurrent idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6682550 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of Candida endocarditis of the tricuspid valve and of the right atrium in a young infant. AB - Systemic candidiasis developed in a seven-week-old premature baby after 6 weeks treatment with antibiotics for suspected septicemia. At that time the echocardiogram showed a dense layer of echoes posteriorly to the anterior tricuspid leaflet during atrial systole. The diagnosis of Candida endocarditis with vegetations on the tricuspid valve and with right atrial thrombus secondary to the Candida infection was verified by autopsy. PMID- 6682551 TI - Induction of ornithine transcarbamylase activity with egg yolk in chick kidney. AB - The present paper shows the effect of egg yolk on chick kidney ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) activity. A 90% egg yolk diet resulted in an increase of about 2.5-fold in kidney OTC activity. Enzyme activity increased gradually during incubation and after hatching and then decreased in accordance with disappearance of egg yolk from the residual yolk sac. Maximum activity - 10-fold that of the 14th day embryo - was observed between Days 4 and 7 in chicks fed the control diet. This maximum was shifted to between Days 14 and 21 and to a higher level by feeding a 90% egg yolk diet. Feeding the egg yolk diet to 14- or 21-day-old chicks that had received commercial chick starter from Day 2 also caused an increase of OTC activity. It was suggested that egg yolk or an ingredient(s) induces chick kidney OTC and that utilization of egg yolk promotes the formation of OTC in chick kidney during embryonic development and during subsequent growth of the chick. PMID- 6682552 TI - A 38,000-dalton antigen found in Namalwa cells induced by Newcastle disease virus. AB - An antigen has been isolated from Namalwa cells, a Burkitt lymphoma line, that was induced by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) for interferon production. The antigen was extracted by 3 M NaCl from ribonucleoprotein particles (RNP), obtained from the nuclear 0.01 M Tris extract, and was purified by hydroxylapatite chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Its molecular weight was 38 kilodalton (kDa) as determined by SDS-PAGE. The tryptic peptide map of 125I-labeled antigen contained seven major peptides. The antigen was not found in HeLa cells, normal human liver or in Namalwa cells that had not been induced by the virus. This result suggests that this antigen was produced in Namalwa cells as a result of induction by the NDV virus. PMID- 6682553 TI - Body weight and growth rates throughout the guinea pig pregnancy: evidence for modulation by endogenous estrogens. AB - Relationships between endocrine state, body weight, and vaginal membrane condition were evaluated in two studies. In the first study, vaginal membrane and body weight of 15 pregnant subjects were monitored from the ovarian cycle of conception through parturition. There was a significant depression in body weight of 13.3 +/- 3.1 g coincident with vaginal membrane rupture at the estimated time of conception. A second instance of vaginal membrane rupture was found to occur during midpregnancy in 14 of the females. At that time, female body weight showed a significant relative decline of 12.9 +/- 2.4 g. In the second study, treatment of ovariectomized females with estradiol benzoate readily produced rupture of the vaginal membrane and suppressed body weight by 17.9 +/- 1.8 g. It is therefore hypothesized that the observed midpregnancy changes in vaginal membrane condition and body weight identify an interval of increased estrogen stimulation sufficient to produce physiological and behavioral effects in pregnant guinea pigs. Such effects are not readily explained by reference to levels of circulating estrogens or progesterone during pregnancy and therefore may reflect changes in plasma or tissue binding of these steroids. PMID- 6682554 TI - Mother-weanling interactions in Norway rats in the presence of a successive litter produced by postpartum mating. AB - When female Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) become pregnant at the postpartum estrus they nurse this first litter concurrently with the gestation of a second litter. This second gestation is of variable length (23-31 days in this study) We investigated the behavior of mothers and their older litters around the time the second litter was born. Six female rats gave birth and were mated at the postpartum estrus. Continuous videotaped observation of each female and litter began approximately 3 days before, and continued for 3 days after the birth of the second litter. We found that suckling behavior and nest attendance by the older litter did not necessarily end when the second litter was born. When the gestation length of the second litter was short (23-25 days) older pups continued to spend time in the nest and to nurse along with their newborn siblings. These older pups also spent much time on the nest even in the absence of their mother. When gestation was long (27-31 days) older pups were weaned before the birth of the second litter and spent less time on the nest with the newborns. Stereotyped attacks by the female against her weanling age pups were seen both pre- and postpartum. This maternal aggression did not appear to deter suckling and nest attendance by the weanlings. PMID- 6682555 TI - Lead exposure and agonistic behavior of adult mice of two ages. AB - Adult male Heterogeneous stock (HET) mice were exposed to a 0.5% lead acetate solution when they were either 65 or 330 days of age. Fifteen weeks later they were paired with same age (young or old) water control HET mice and tested for aggression. All pairs of younger mice fought and six out of eleven pairs of older mice exhibited agonistic behavior. Although not all pairs of mice which fought achieved dominance, when dominant/subordinate relationships were established, the younger adults exposed to lead typically were subordinate. In contrast, older adults exposed to lead were always dominant. Differences in agonistic behavior patterns also were noted, with younger adults displaying more frequent and longer bouts of fighting than the older mice. PMID- 6682556 TI - Heat balance of rats acclimated to diurnal 2-hour feeding. AB - Heat production (M) and heat loss (H) of ad lib fed rats and of rats fed for 2-hr daily for 2 months (2-hr fed rats) were simultaneously measured by direct and indirect calorimetry over a period of 48 hours. The ad lib fed rats showed a clear nocturnal increase in M and H, which consisted of several discrete increases associated with discrete rises in feeding activity. In each increase, however, M and H were somewhat out of phase with each other. During feeding, a positive shift of heat storage occurred, which was repaid by H being higher than M thereafter. No such increases of M and H were observed in either the fasted ad lib fed rats or the 2-hr fed rats. The 2-hr fed rats showed a very large increase in M and H following the meal, which obscured the nocturnal increase of metabolic rate. Without food, this diurnal increase was greatly reduced but not to the minimum level, and two definite peaks of M and H associated with increased food exploratory activity, one in the day and the other at night, were obtained. There was a sharp fall in RQ 1-2 hr prior to the diurnal feeding. These observations suggest that, besides diet-induced heat production, feeding can be an additional time cue for increasing energy metabolism, but a more basic biological clock mechanism synchronizing the day-night cycle drives circadian rhythms of physical activity and biochemical processes related to energy expenditure in rats. PMID- 6682557 TI - Aggressive experience and maternal aggression in the Mongolian gerbil. AB - Some recent reports suggest that female rodents which have experienced frequent aggressive encounters during lactation maintain higher levels of aggression than non-lactating controls, even after their pups are weaned. To test whether aggressive experience during lactation produced a different effect from aggressive experience at other times, three groups of female gerbils each were observed during 10 exposures to unfamiliar male intruders over a 5 week period. During week 1, lactating females were more aggressive than virginal controls. During the remaining weeks, neither lactating nor weaned females were significantly more aggressive than controls. It was concluded that the effects of repeated aggressive experience are similar whether the females are lactating or not. PMID- 6682558 TI - Amphetamine-induced stereotypy: reply to Rebec and Bashore. PMID- 6682559 TI - Cystic tumors of the fetal and neonatal cerebrum: ultrasound and computed tomographic evaluation. AB - Three patients (two infants and one fetus) had complex (partially cystic and partially solid) supratentorial tumors involving the brain. The sonographic and computed tomographic appearance in each of these lesions is described and discussed. The cystic component of each lesion was equally well delineated by the two modalities, whereas the peripheral solid component was better defined by contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans. PMID- 6682560 TI - Sonographic evaluation of non-inflammatory neck masses in children. AB - A review of the sonographic findings in 17 children with non-inflammatory neck masses suggests that while ultrasound is nonspecific with regard to the differential diagnosis, it can show whether a mass is cystic, solid, or complex. Sonography is also useful in clarifying the anatomical extent of a lesion and involvement of underlying normal structures. PMID- 6682561 TI - Refinements of rodent pathology and the pathologist's contribution to evaluation of carcinogenesis bioassays. PMID- 6682562 TI - Blocking and sensory preconditioning effects in morphine analgesic tolerance: support for a Pavlovian conditioning model of drug tolerance. PMID- 6682564 TI - Organisational effects of neonatal and pubertal testosterone on sexually differentiated behaviours in the open-field and head-dip apparatus. PMID- 6682563 TI - Flavour-odour compound conditioning: odour-potentiation and flavour-attenuation. PMID- 6682565 TI - Diurnal rhythms in the synthesis and release of haemolymph proteins in the crustacean Isopoda, Porcellio dilatatus (Brandt), with special reference to vitellogenin. AB - Synthesis and release of vitellogenin in the crustacean Isopoda, Porcellio dilatatus, were maximal during premolt. At that time, diurnal variations occurred in the haemolymph protein level and in the synthesis and release of vitellogenin and other proteins in the haemolymph. The pattern of variations was always identical and bimodal: the minima were at dusk and at dawn when the maxima occurred in the middle of the day and of the night. These variations were highly significant, and the diurnal means were significantly higher than the nocturnal means. PMID- 6682566 TI - Seasonal effects on ovarian follicular development in pony mares. AB - To define ovarian follicular kinetics in the equine ovary during anestrus and the breeding season, the follicular population of pony mares was investigated at mid anestrus and at the beginning and end of the breeding season. There was a clear effect of season on the exit of reserve (primordial and initiated) follicles since at the beginning of the breeding season we noticed a higher mitotic index for the smaller preantral follicles, leading to an accumulation of small and medium antral follicles. In contrast, the ovaries sampled during anestrus or at the end of the breeding season were very similar; only preovulatory development was lacking in anestrous ovaries. However, atresia was unaffected by season. PMID- 6682567 TI - Improved lactate extraction in dogs with coronary artery ligation following administration of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. AB - Increased thromboxane A2 formation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial ischemia. The present study was designed to investigate the action of imidazole, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, during acute myocardial ischemia induced in anesthetized dogs. Regional ischemia was produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), which caused a decrease in myocardial lactate extraction across the ischemic area, decreases in myocardial high energy phosphate contents and an increase in myocardial lactate in the center of the ischemic region. Intravenous administration of imidazole prior to LAD ligation attenuated the decrease in myocardial lactate extraction, but did not alter the depression in high energy phosphates or the rise in myocardial lactate content in the center of the ischemic myocardium. The results of this study support the suggested protective action of imidazole during an ischemic insult; perhaps by maintaining the metabolic status of the moderately ischemic border zone. PMID- 6682569 TI - Mapping of the oxygen consumption in the gastrulating chick embryo. PMID- 6682568 TI - Effect of selected six-mercaptopurine metallo-complexes on adenosine deaminase activity in rat tissues. AB - Six-mercaptopurine was compared with its palladium and its bismuth complexes with regard to its effects upon the activity of adenosine deaminase (E.C.3.5.4.4.) in rat tissues. Spectrophotometric and high pressure liquid chromatography analyses were utilized in the determinations of enzyme activity. No effect upon enzyme activity was seen to result from treatment with any of the complexes. PMID- 6682570 TI - Viruses may be etiologic agents for non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes. AB - Although diabetes mellitus is generally subclassified into either of two categories, insulin-dependent (type I) and non-insulin-dependent (type II), the heterogeneity of its clinical expressions, genetics, and etiologies may make a clear distinction in classification difficult. Evidence to date for the involvement of viruses in the etiology of the disease has involved only type I diabetes. However, clinical data derived from the subtle chronicity of type II diabetes, the lack of pathological alterations in the pancreas in some patients with type II diabetes, and animal and human studies with Venezuelan encephalitis virus and rubella virus suggest a possible role for viruses in the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 6682571 TI - [Severe gram-negative urinary infections]. PMID- 6682572 TI - Management of herpetic vulvovaginitis in pregnancy. PMID- 6682573 TI - Fetal and neonatal varicella-zoster infections. AB - Maternal varicella during pregnancy may have a variety of effects on the fetus and newborn infant. Infection early in pregnancy may result in fetal malformations. Zoster early in life appears to be a sequela of maternal infection at any period during pregnancy. Infants may escape disease, may have mild varicella, or fatal illness following maternal varicella just prior to delivery. The outcome appears to be related to the onset of maternal and newborn illness relative to delivery. A variety of management options are available to the physician. Choices will be dictated by weighing the risks of VZV infection in a particular situation with the risks and benefits of other proposed intervention. In many cases, recommendations must be made on the basis of very limited data. It is hoped that additional information will lead to a more rational approach to VZV infection of the fetus and newborn. PMID- 6682575 TI - Comparative study of an isolate resembling Banti's fungus with Cladosporium trichoides. AB - A fungus isolated from a subcutaneous abscess of a cat was found to fit closely to the description of Banti's fungus, Torula bantiana Saccardo, which was reclassified by Borelli as Cladosporium bantianum (Sacc.) Borelli. The cat isolate was different from Cladosporium trichoides Emmons in conidial size, branching of conidial chains, and minimum, optimum, and maximum temperature for growth. Although the isolate was neurotropic in mice, the fungal morphology in mouse brain was clearly different from C. trichoides. From this study, it was apparent that C. bantianum (Sacc.) Borelli and C. trichoides Emmons should be regarded as two separate species. The 2 species were compared with C. carrionii Trejos. PMID- 6682574 TI - [Thrombosis of the renal vein in a newborn infant]. PMID- 6682576 TI - Comparative observations on effects of carbon dioxide laser-induced peripheral nerve lesions in the rat. AB - This study was conducted to determine any changes that might occur in the associated cell bodies and proximal nerve stumps of sciatic nerves cut with carbon dioxide laser radiation. These changes were then compared with the changes that occur when performed with cutting cautery and scalpel. Both the proximal stump and the related dorsal root ganglia were examined with light and electron microscopy. The sciatic nerve was severed in 10 rats with the carbon dioxide laser, a cutting cautery, or a scalpel. Subsequent histopathologic examinations revealed: (a) both myelin and axonal degeneration in scalpel cuts; (b) less degeneration of proximal stump myelin in laser cuts compared with cautery cuts; and (c) no abnormalities in the associated dorsal root ganglia of nerves cut with the carbon dioxide laser. It was concluded that both the carbon dioxide laser and cutting cautery result in less damage and degeneration than a scalpel when used to sever peripheral nerves. The difference between the laser and cautery lesions was more quantitative than qualitative in that both impart thermal energy to the nerve. The carbon dioxide laser resulted in the least amount of injury. PMID- 6682577 TI - Choriocarcinoma arising from the pituitary fossa with extracranial metastasis: a review of the literature. AB - Since Askanazy's first report on a case of primary intracranial choriocarcinoma in 1906, more than 60 cases have been reported so far. We add to that a case of intrasellar choriocarcinoma with suprasellar extension: A 12-year-old girl showed cranial nerve palsies, hypopituitarism, and abnormally high titers of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in blood and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). She died 3 months after surgery. At autopsy, an intra- and suprasellar choriocarcinoma, which penetrated through the clivus into the cerebellopontine angle and metastasized remotely to the lungs, was confirmed. This rare case is presented with a thorough review of the literature. PMID- 6682578 TI - Problems in interpretation of reported birth prevalence rates of neural tube defects. PMID- 6682579 TI - A possible mechanism of vasoactive agents on plasminogen activator release in isolated perfused pig ears. AB - The mechanism of vasoactive agents on plasminogen activator (PA) release was studied in isolated perfused pig ears. In the perfusion with atropine (3 microM) containing Tyrode's solution, the enhancement of PA release caused by acetylcholine (1.0 micrograms) was completely inhibited; however, increases caused by other potentiators, namely, bradykinin (1.0 micrograms), histamine (1.0 micrograms), dilazep (30 micrograms), and thrombin (6 U) were not affected. In the case of mepyramine (10 microM), the increase of PA release caused by histamine (1.0 micrograms) was completely inhibited; and that caused by dilazep (30 micrograms) was partially inhibited, however, increases caused by acetylcholine, bradykinin, and thrombin were not influenced. Papaverine (30 microM) which could completely abolish the hypertensive effect of norepinephrine (1.0 micrograms) exerted a partial inhibition of the enhancement of PA release caused by dilazep; however, it did not affect those caused by other agents. Quinacrine (50 microM) and indomethacin (100 microM) did not have any effects on the enhancements of PA release caused by the five potentiators. PMID- 6682580 TI - The effect of age and exposure duration on cancer induction by a known carcinogen in rats, mice, and hamsters. AB - Female Golden Syrian hamsters, F-344 rats, Swiss CD-1 mice, and B6C3F1 hybrid mice were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 days/week to carcinogenic levels of vinyl chloride (VC) for 6, 12, 18, or 24 months (rats and hamsters only). Other groups of rodents were held for 6 or 12 months and then exposed for 6 or 12 months. At the end of the study the incidence of VC-induced neoplasms was compared in each of the groups to assess the effects of duration of exposure and age at the start of exposure on carcinogenicity of VC. In rats, with early initial exposure, hemangiosarcomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, and mammary gland carcinomas occurred with increasing incidence with longer exposure duration. Rats held for 6 months before exposure developed VC-related neoplasms, while rats held 12 months before the start of exposure failed to show a significantly increased incidence of these neoplasms. In hamsters, hemangiosarcomas, mammary gland carcinomas, gastric adenocarcinomas, and skin carcinomas resulted from VC exposure. The highest incidence of malignant neoplasms occurred in hamsters exposed for the first 12 months, whereas exposure begun after 12 months of age did not cause neoplasms. In both strains of mice, VC exposure during the first 6 months of the experiment induced a high incidence of hemangiosarcomas and mammary gland carcinomas. Swiss mice also developed lung carcinomas after only 6 months of exposure. In all three rodent species an initial 12 month exposure to VC was adequate to detect its carcinogenic potential, but the shortened survival of VC exposed mice and hamsters precluded a meaningful comparison with longer periods of exposure. Exposures were most effective when started early in life. PMID- 6682581 TI - Studies on nodules and adult Onchocerca volvulus during a nodulectomy trial in hyperendemic villages in Liberia and Upper Volta. I. Palpable and impalpable onchocercomata. AB - In hyperendemic onchocerciasis areas of West Africa nodulectomy trials were performed. 163 nodule carriers from four villages in the Liberian rain-forest and 52 nodule carriers from a savanna village in Upper Volta were operated on. During the surveys in the villages in Liberia and Upper Volta, an average of three and five nodules respectively per patient were palpated. Before each operation a further palpation was done and two more nodules per patient from both countries were found. The nodulectomies revealed 75% more nodules in the Liberian patients and 53% more in the patients from Upper Volta than were palpated immediately before. Half of these additional subcutaneous nodules extirpated in Liberians were superficially located, the other half deeper and impalpable through the skin. In the patients from Upper Volta two thirds of the additional nodules were seated in the depth of the subcutis. In both countries an average of three deep subcutaneous nodules per patient were found and this was equivalent to 20% of all extirpated onchocercomata. Most of these deep subcutaneous nodules were at those sites where most of the superficial nodules were located. PMID- 6682582 TI - [Sexual dysfunction following operation for cancer of the uterine cervix stages Ib and IIa]. PMID- 6682583 TI - [The prognostic significance of the air volume in the middle ear for the tendency to recurrence in secretory otitis media]. PMID- 6682584 TI - Can a substitute for the bladder sphincter be attained by free transplants derived from vesical muscle tissue? AB - Smooth muscle transplants of the intestinal tract have been tested experimentally as a substitute for the bladder sphincter. An attempt was made to apply the proposed technique to the vesical muscle tissue and to achieve a sphincter replacement with freely transplanted autologous bladder tissue. An internal urethrotomy was performed several times in female sheep until a complete urinary incontinence resulted. For the bladder sphincter substitute a strip of vesical tissue was dissected from the anterior wall and following pre-stretching it was sewed circumferentially around the urethra in order to constrict it. The urethral pressure was registered during the operation before and after application of the sphincter 'graft'. For temporary urinary discharge a suprapubic catheter was inserted. The sheep were examined clinically and urodynamically for up to 3 months. Complete urinary continence was not obtained in any of the cases. The urodynamic examination showed a nearly complete loss of the urethral pressure which had been obtained by the operation. The histological studies showed progressing fibrosis of the desired continence zone. By way of freely transplanted autologous vesical muscle a sphincter substitute could not be achieved. PMID- 6682585 TI - [Choice of incision in purulent lactation mastitis]. AB - The experience with the operative treatment of 500 patients with acute lactation mastitis enabled the authors to elaborate sparing hemioval cuts of the mammary gland for the opening and drainage of abscesses. PMID- 6682586 TI - [Classification of localizations of purulent-destructive lactation mastitis, and choice of surgery]. AB - On the basis of anatomical data and personal clinical experience the authors propose a classification of localization of the suppurative-destructive lactation mastitis and most rational variants of the cuts for opening the abscess. PMID- 6682587 TI - Atypical hatching of a cow blastocyst leading to separation of complete twin half blastocysts. PMID- 6682589 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of mortality of neurosurgical patients]. PMID- 6682588 TI - Key-Gaskell syndrome. PMID- 6682590 TI - [Regeneration of injured nerve trunks of the extremities in chronic alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 6682591 TI - Diurnal patterns of the concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, nonprotein nitrogen and urea in the serum of veal calves fed a milk replacer supplemented with cholesterol. AB - Veal calves (aged about 9 weeks; three animals per group) were fed twice a day liquid diets containing 60% skim milk powder and 20% crude fat (w/w) for 7.5 weeks. Addition of 1% cholesterol to the diet, at the expense of fat, caused a 70% increase in the level of serum cholesterol. Both in the control and cholesterol-fed calves, no diurnal rhythm in the concentration of cholesterol in the serum was observed. Serum triglycerides were not clearly elevated after feeding, but a steady increase during the day was observed, the increase being similar in both dietary groups. Cholesterol feeding seemed to induce lower postprandial levels of urea and higher levels of amino acid nitrogen, but this was only observed after feeding in the morning (8.00 a.m.), but not after feeding in the evening (8.00 p.m.). Dietary cholesterol significantly elevated postprandial glucose levels in veal calves. It is suggested that hypercholesterolemia effects an impaired glucose tolerance, possibly also in man. PMID- 6682592 TI - [Hemodynamic changes during tocolysis with hexoprenaline and fenoterol]. AB - The authors examined two groups of 50 patients each who had been given an average dose of 0.24 microgram/min Hexoprenaline or respectively 1.8 micrograms/min Fenoterol as beta-mimetics for premature labor. The patients who received Fenoterol were also given Verapamil as additional medication in a ratio of 1 : 40. In addition to blood pressure, heart rate, urine elimination and serum or urine osmolarity, the hemodynamic parameters stroke volume, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were investigated. Stroke volume was measured by means of impedance cardiography. Giving equipotent doses, Hexoprenaline/Fenoterol dose ratio of 1 : 8, there was a slower and smaller increase in heart rate over 24 hours with Hexoprenaline, with identical suppression of uterine contractility (external tocography). This was also reflected in the cardiac output, while there were no differences in the stroke volumes. Inhibition of diuresis was lower with Hexoprenaline. This might be due to the fact that since there is no organ specificity for beta-1 or respectively beta-2 receptors and the patterns of distribution differ, Hexoprenaline has a somewhat less pronounced action on beta 1 receptors than Fenoterol, though the same beta-2 action. PMID- 6682593 TI - [Estriol reaction test for the diagnosis of fetal distress in the 3d trimester]. AB - In order to perform the estriol reaction test, venous blood samples for two basal estriol values were drawn at 7.30 and 8.00 a.m. from each patient. Subsequently all gravidas received 4 mg dexamethasone i.v. Blood was drawn again 4, 8, 24, 28 and 32 h thereafter for determination of unconjugated serum estriol. The analysis of the estriol response curves in 101 patients revealed that the estriol reaction test is helpful to indicate fetoplacental impairment in pregnancies at risk. PMID- 6682594 TI - [Placental morphometric parameters correlated with serum estriol]. AB - In 50 pregnancies morphometric parameters of the placenta and the serum estriol values in the third trimester were correlated. The results show that there is no correlation between the placental parameters as determined by a semi-automatic method and the estriol values in maternal serum in late pregnancy. The placental parameters probably do not reflect the biochemical activity of the trophoblast. A sufficient capacity of the placenta for estriol synthesis must be taken into account independently of its morphological substrate. PMID- 6682595 TI - [13, 14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) and progesterone serum levels in labor]. AB - Progesterone and PGFM serum levels were estimated by RIA in patients with spontaneous and induced labor. Induction of labor was performed by amniotomy or by local application of prostaglandins. Mean progesterone serum levels were at 130 ng/ml at the time of admission into the labor-room, and declined to mean levels of some 50 ng/ml in all 3 groups of patients 30 minutes after placenta expulsion. Mean PGFM serum levels were 2,5 to 3,5 times higher in patients with spontaneous labor than in those in whom labor was induced. Parallel decline of progesterone and PGFM serum levels was noted in patients with spontaneous labor, whereas declining progesterone levels but increasing PGFM serum levels were observed in patients with induced labor. These data combine to suggest that an increase in PGFM serum levels may be the cause for the onset of labor. But, the question whether progesterone triggers these processes cannot be answered by the present observations. PMID- 6682596 TI - [Results of placental flow measurements in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)]. AB - On the basis of examination results in a total of 21 women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) the half-life of the inflow phase (as a reference parameter of nuclear medical placental flow measurement) and the birthweight were correlated with the findings in corresponding patients with complication-free pregnancies. The half-life was found to be significantly increased in cases of PIH, indicating a decrease in placental blood flow. The birthweight of newborns of women with PIH was statistically significantly lower than in the control group. The results obtained are discussed with reference to the literature. PMID- 6682598 TI - [Fashionable trends in obstetrics--results of surveys in 1979 and 1981]. PMID- 6682597 TI - [11-Desoxycorticosterone * (DOC) during pregnancy and labor]. AB - In this paper investigations into the increase in the concentration of DOC during the 8th and 40th week of pregnancy are described. It was found that the DOC values sub partu in the umbilical cord are higher than in the maternal blood and that a rapid decrease in the corticoid level occurs post partum both in the mother and in the infant. The fetoplacental unit is discussed as the possible site of synthesis of the steroid. PMID- 6682599 TI - Cytogenetic and dermatoglyphic studies of newborns with single umbilical artery. AB - Cytogenetic studies were carried out on 24 newborns with single umbilical artery (SUA), whereas dermatoglyphic analysis were performed on 14 of them. Metaphase examination showed increased size of the short arm of an acrocentric chromosome of group D or of group G in 6 of the 24 SUA babies studied. Numerous chromosome breaks were detected in one other case. Dermatologlyphic data showed that the total finger ridge count did not deviate from normal patterns, whereas the aTd angle showed increased values in 5 of the 14 cases studied. The absence of major chromosome aberrations does not exclude the possibility of chromosomal etiology for SUA, since the increased frequency of acrocentric polymorphism found in the present series and the 5 cases of increased aTd angle suggest such an occurrence. PMID- 6682600 TI - [Candida sepsis in premature newborns]. AB - The incidence of candida septicemia in the neonatal period is increasing. We report a case of a preterm baby with acute anuric renal failure resulting from systemic candidiasis and we discuss of pathogenic factors, diagnosis and modern therapy. Prompt and opportune antimycotic therapy is the only chance for survival. The disease is generally fatal unless treated in time. PMID- 6682601 TI - [Prenatal hypoxic brain damage (prenatal CTG and postpartum CT changes]. AB - A para III was found to have a constantly silent CTG. In two fetal blood analyses the pH was normal. During the first few hours post partum the infant had rapidly increasing neurologic disturbances with violent convulsions and coma. As early as on the first day of life the computer tomogram showed extensive, later persistent hypodense zones corresponding to severe asphyxial cerebral necrosis. Based an the course of CT changes it has to be assumed that the hypoxic crisis occurred some days prior to the onset of labor. Pathologic changes in the umbilical cord indicated that the cause could have been a transitory occlusion in utero. The computer tomogram enables cerebral insults to be dated more accurately. If prenatal hypoxia occurs repeatedly new methods of prevention must be sought. PMID- 6682602 TI - [Radio-in-vitro studies of the thyroid status of mature newborn infants immediately post partum]. AB - 145 cord sera from fullterm, vital eutrophic newborn babies of uncomplicated pregnancies have been tested for the thyroid gland parameters RT3-U, ST3-U, T4, T3, T4/T3-ratio, total balance of free iodine-hormone indices and TSH to answer the questions of the thyroid gland situation. In the fullterm newborn baby an euthyroid metabolic balance was found on comparison with the simultaneously determined thyroid specific situation of the adult. The T3-situation is identical with that of the euthyroid adult. Thyroid levels, the conversion of T4 to T3 as well as the values of the total balance are slightly elevated, like in women under contraceptive hormone therapy. The basal TSH secretion immediately post partum is similar to the one on day 5 post partum. PMID- 6682603 TI - [Porphyria cutanea tarda caused by methotrexate and buthiopurine therapy]. AB - In a patient with psoriatic erythroderma treated with Methotrexate and later with Buthiopurine, porphyrinuria and later porphyria cutanea tarda developed, following a toxic reaction with bone marrow suppression. Hepatological examination before therapy did not reveal any signs of active liver disease. PMID- 6682604 TI - [Aortoventriculoplasty as an alternative 2d-OP procedure in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in childhood--hemodynamic and echocardiographic findings]. PMID- 6682605 TI - [Importance of auditory "screening" in the school and preschool environment in relation to language disorders]. AB - Having recalled the acoustics spectrum of the human voice and different types of deafness, the author describes alarm signs of various hearing disorders. Bearing in mind the importance of early detection of deafness for optimal speech development, special emphasis is put on the necessity of mass hearing screening in kindergarten and nursing school. However, the diagnosis may be delayed in less severe deafness; medium hearing loss between 35 to 65 dB being scarcely detected before age 5! In this respect teacher's and school health professional's particular attention should bring the child to a specialised diagnostic and therapeutic center where medical or surgical audioprosthetic treatments could be performed before developmental retardation occurs. Two case records are presented. PMID- 6682606 TI - A study of different nitrogen supplements for lactating cows. PMID- 6682607 TI - [Double-balloon urethrography in the female]. AB - 76 women with pains in the lower efferent urinary tract were urethrographically examined by the double balloon method according to Davis and Cian. The morphological changes registered were correlated with anamnestic, clinical and urodynamic findings and the following indications were derived for this X-ray examination of the female urethra: differential diagnosis between suburethral tumour and urethral diverticulum, recidive infections of the urinary tract, urethral syndrome, uromanometrically proved functional disturbances in the region of the bladder and urethra, painful catheterism and suspicion of urethrovaginal fistula. PMID- 6682608 TI - Prolactin secretion in normal male mice during a circadian period. An ultrastructural and biochemical study. AB - A quantitative ultrastructural study on the prolactin (PRL) cells of normal male mice was correlated with serum PRL immunoassay determination at different times in a circadian period. Significant time fluctuations in the percentages of cytoplasmic volume occupied by most of the organelles, as well as cyclic variations in serum PRL concentrations were detected. The endoplasmic reticulum appeared more developed at the beginning of the light period, suggesting a higher synthesis of PRL at this time. The evaluation of the Golgi complex and the secretory granules would indicate that packaging of secretory material and storing of PRL granules occurred mainly during the second half of the light period. This coincided with the lowest values in serum PRL concentration and an increment in mitochondrial mass. The highest emiocytotic activity together with a diminution of total secretory granules were found during the dark period. The peak of PRL serum concentration was also present in this phase, but some hours later. Evaluation of microtubules and lysosomes gave some additional information. The results are in keeping with those from some biochemical investigations performed in mice and rats, but are not in agreement with others. The importance of a morphometric approach to evaluate and corroborate the immunoassay methods in the study of cyclic hormone secretion is emphasized. PMID- 6682609 TI - Leucocyte responses to fighting in the adult male bandicoot rat. AB - The effect of fighting stress on blood leucocyte count was studied in the adult male bandicoot rat. Exposure to fighting stress for 3 h induced neutrophilia, eosinopenia, lymphopenia and monocytopenia. The changes were more significant in the subordinate rat than in the dominant animal. It is suggested that leucocyte responses to fighting are perhaps mediated by the adrenal gland in these animals. PMID- 6682610 TI - The effects of 2,5-hexanedione on axonal regeneration after nerve crush in the rat. AB - The pattern of recovery of myelinated axons in the posterior tibial nerve after crushing was studied in rats chronically intoxicated with 2,5-hexanedione. It was given for 2 weeks before crushing (200 mg/kg i.p. 5 times a week) or additionally for two further weeks after the nerve crush. Two animals were examined from each group at approximately 1,2,3,4 and 8 weeks later. Return of function in poisoned animals was slower than in the controls. The numbers of regenerating myelinated fibres was severely reduced in poisoned animals up to 4 weeks later, but by 8 weeks the numbers equalled those in the control nerves. Marked impairment of initiation of neurite outgrowth was found, but once begun, axonal growth was comparable to controls and myelination occurred normally. Above the crush for 10 mm, filament-filled axonal swellings were found in poisoned animals accompanied by varying amounts of retrograde axonal degeneration. These findings are discussed in relation to the role of normal neurofilaments in axonal growth and the effects of probably cross-linking of these by 2,5-hexanedione on regenerating neurites. PMID- 6682611 TI - Unusual paired helical filaments in progressive supranuclear palsy. AB - Unusual paired helical filaments (PHF) coexisting with single filaments were observed in neurofibrillary degeneration (NFD) in the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and pontine tegmentum of a typical case of progressive supra-nuclear palsy (PSP). Each filament had a diameter of 10-12 nm and showed central low density and a smooth contour. The thickest portion of a pair was 22-24 nm in diameter. The periodicity of twist varied from 150 nm to 300 nm, but each PHF had regular periodicity. The present ultrastructural finding is unusual in the neurofibrillary pathology of PSP, and is also different from the PHF found in Alzheimer type NFD. PMID- 6682612 TI - Pharmacological screening of the nude mouse with respect to some neuroactive drugs. PMID- 6682613 TI - Inhibition of pinocytosis by Cortinarius speciosissimus toxins. PMID- 6682615 TI - Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6682616 TI - Atrial systole and left ventricular filling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: effect of verapamil. AB - Many patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) have impaired left ventricular (LV) rapid diastolic filling. To quantitate the contribution of atrial systole to LV filling, we used radionuclide angiography to study 30 normal volunteers and 42 patients with HC before and after oral administration of verapamil (320 to 560 mg/day). LV time-activity curves were constructed by combined forward and reverse gating from the R wave, and the onset of atrial systole was determined by the P-R interval. The percent of LV stroke volume filled during rapid diastolic filling and atrial systole was then computed. Peak LV filling rate during rapid diastolic filling was expressed in end-diastolic volume (EDV)/second. Peak rate of rapid diastolic filling was not different in normal patients and those with HC (3.3 +/- 0.6 versus 3.3 +/- 1.1 EDV/s) and was within the normal range in 34 patients with HC (81%). However, the contribution to LV filling volume by rapid diastolic filling was diminished in patients with HC (83 +/- 7% normal, 67 +/- 17% HC, p less than 0.001) and the contribution of atrial systole was increased (16 +/- 8% normal, 31 +/- 18% HC, p less than 0.001). LV filling volume during atrial systole was above the upper normal limit of 31% in 17 patients (40%), including 13 patients with a normal peak filling rate. After verapamil, peak filling rate increased (to 4.2 +/- 1.2 EDV/s, p less than 0.001), percent LV filling during rapid diastolic filling increased (to 83 +/- 7%, p less than 0.001), and percent LV filling during atrial systole decreased (to 16 +/- 9%, p less than 0.001). Percent LV filling volume during atrial systole was abnormal after verapamil in only 3 patients (7%). Hence, although the peak rate of rapid diastolic filling may be normal in patients with HC, the contribution to LV filling by rapid diastolic filling is reduced and that of atrial systole is thereby increased. Increased rate and magnitude of rapid diastolic filling during verapamil is associated with decrease and normalization of the contribution of atrial systole to LV filling. These data suggest that many patients with HC are at risk of hemodynamic decompensation with the onset of atrial fibrillation or other tachyarrhythmias and loss of the atrial contribution to LV filling. This risk may be reduced during verapamil therapy. PMID- 6682614 TI - Nuclear localization of vitamin A in 3T3 cells. PMID- 6682618 TI - Massive right ventricular outflow tract aneurysm after ventriculotomy for subvalvular pulmonic stenosis associated with peripheral pulmonary arterial stenoses. PMID- 6682617 TI - Regression of myocardial cellular hypertrophy with vasodilator therapy in chronic congestive heart failure associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - Forty-nine patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) were evaluated to determine the hemodynamic and morphologic effects of vasodilator therapy. Hydralazine (225 mg/day, H), isosorbide dinitrate (160 mg/day, I), and combination H + I therapy were compared with placebo (P) at baseline and after 3 months of continuous therapy. Thirty-three randomly assigned patients completed the study. Hemodynamic parameters included the echocardiographic percent change of left ventricular diameter (% delta D), the systolic time intervals ratio of preejection period to left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET), the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance. An endomyocardial biopsy was performed at baseline and after 3 months; the myocardial cell diameter of 50 cells per biopsy was measured. During the 3-month study 5 patients died; there was not a significant difference among the groups in the number of deaths. The % delta D and PEP/LVET did not change in the P or I groups but did improve significantly from baseline in the H and H + I groups. The pulmonary capillary wedge and mean pulmonary artery pressures and the pulmonary vascular resistance did not change in the P or H groups but did decrease significantly in the I and H + I groups. The P and I groups did not have improvement in systemic vascular resistance or cardiac index, whereas the H group had a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and an increase in cardiac index from 2.5 +/- 0.4 to 3.1 +/- 0.4 liters/min/m2 (p less than 0.05). The H + I group also had a decrease in systemic vascular resistance; the cardiac index increased from 2.3 +/- 0.4 to 3.1 +/- 0.4 liters/min/m2 (p less than 0.01). Myocardial cell diameter did not change in the P or I group. Cell diameter of the H group decreased from 25.4 +/- 3.1 microns at baseline to 23.1 +/- 3.8 microns (p less than 0.05) after 3 months of continuous therapy. The H + I group decreased its cell diameter from 23.9 +/- 3.7 to 22.2 +/- 2.2 microns (p less than 0.05). Compared with P and H, patients treated with I alone or H + I had a significant reduction of preload. In contrast to P and I, H alone and H + I elicited improvement in parameters of inotropy and afterload, and this improvement was accompanied by a reduction in cell diameter. Chronic therapy of heart failure with H and H + I effects a persistent augmentation of cardiac function and improvement of myocardial cellular morphology. PMID- 6682619 TI - Hyperprolactinemia-galactorrhea induced by verapamil. PMID- 6682621 TI - Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6682620 TI - Obstruction within the right ventricular body: two-dimensional echocardiographic features. AB - Real-time 2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiograms were performed in 4 patients, all with considerable obstruction within the right ventricular (RV) body, in 3 patients due to muscle bundles and in 1 due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC). None had obstruction at the pulmonic valve level or immediately below. Echocardiographically, obstruction presented in 3 patients as localized bulging of the RV free wall in the subinfundibular region such that the RV cavity presented a typical "hourglass" appearance. Associated ventricular septal defect (VSD) was detected in 2 patients by echocardiography. In the fourth case, a patient with HC, RV obstruction was associated with a prominent bulge of the ventricular septum into the right ventricle. In 3 patients, the obstruction was convincingly demonstrated only in the subcostal RV inflow-apex-outflow plane, rather than in the standard echocardiographic planes. Pulse Doppler studies in 2 patients demonstrated disturbed RV flow. Obstruction within the RV body is a potentially serious condition which has been overlooked both at cardiac catheterization and at surgery. Demonstration of this lesion by 2-D echocardiography appears feasible and would greatly improve diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 6682622 TI - Gallstone formation in hamsters: effect of varying animal and vegetable protein levels. AB - The lithogenic diet routinely used for production of gallstones in hamsters contains 20% casein. It has previously been shown that replacement of casein by soy protein significantly decreases gallstone formation. In this study hamsters were fed a lithogenic diet containing casein (C), soy isolate (S), C/S 3:1, C/S 1:1, and C/S 1:3. The percentages of hamsters with gallstones on these five diets were: 44, 12, 38, 23, and 15. Biliary cholesterol levels and lithogenic index both decreased significantly with increasing levels of soy protein. Dilution of casein with soy protein progressively decreases lithogenicity. PMID- 6682624 TI - Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Comparison of three different methods for the detection of platelet antibodies. AB - An evaluation of three techniques for detection of antiplatelet antibodies in ATP is made. The platelet factor 3 availability after immunoinjury and the immunohystochemical technique using immunoperoxidase were more sensitive than 14C 5HT release from platelets for this purpose. The percentage of positive cases was similar in acute and chronic ATP patients while it significantly fell in cases in remission. A high proportion of patients in clinical remission had normal platelet aggregation, despite the persistence of antiplatelet antibodies. PMID- 6682623 TI - Cis-platinum plus high-dose methotrexate. Toxicity and efficacy in ovarian carcinoma. AB - Cis-platinum plus high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue underwent an initial evaluation of toxicity in patients with pelvic or abdominal adenocarcinoma and a subsequent efficacy trial in proven ovarian cancers. Forty five patients with advanced abdominal adenocarcinoma were evaluable for toxicity. Toxicity was minimal and was not exacerbated by the presence of effusions or by modestly compromised renal function. Twenty-six patients had definite ovarian primaries and were evaluable for efficacy. All but four were refractory to standard therapy. Seven achieved either complete response (four) or partial response (three). Four additional patients showed lesser, but clinically important, objective responses. Patients who had not received prior therapy all responded with three of the four attaining complete response lasting from 7-22+ months. This regimen is well tolerated and has definite tumoricidal activity even in heavily pretreated patients. PMID- 6682625 TI - The diagnosis and frequency of X-linked conditions in a cohort of moderately retarded males with affected brothers. AB - An epidemiological study was carried out on the group of moderately retarded brothers (IQ, 30-55) identified by Turner and Turner [1974]. Of the original 58 sets of brothers, 54 sets (now 17 to 32 years old) were traced; another four sets (missed in the earlier survey) were added. Forty-five of the 58 pairs were diagnosed as having nonspecific X-linked mental retardation (MR) giving an overall frequency of 5.57 moderately retarded males/10,000 male births. In 12 of the 45 families, affected males had the fragile(X) and macroorchidism; six had macroorchidism alone, giving a frequency of 2.8 moderately retarded males with X linked MR and macroorchidism +/- the fragile(X) per 10,000 males. Corresponding heterozygote frequencies are 7.34 and 3.65/10,000 females respectively. A new subgrouping of nonspecific X-linked mental retardation is described in six families: X-linked MR, macroorchidism without the fragile(X). Three other X linked conditions were identified: in one family, the Coffin-Lowry syndrome, in another, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and in two families X-linked MR and muscle atrophy. Half (56%) of the obligatory carriers of fra(X)-MR in this study were dull to mildly retarded. The mildly retarded heterozygotes had a significantly higher percentage of fra(X) expressing lymphocytes as compared to the intellectually normal heterozygotes. When the three types of nonspecific X-linked MR for which population frequencies were calculated were considered together, half of the obligatory carriers (46%) were dull or mildly retarded, thus confirming that this condition is a significant cause of mild intellectual handicap in females. PMID- 6682626 TI - Long-term effects of tubal sterilization. PMID- 6682627 TI - Change in obstetrician advice following a two-year community educational program on alcohol use and pregnancy. AB - A professional education program about the risks of drinking during pregnancy was conducted from 1979 to 1981 in King County, Washington. Advice of obstetricians to patients was measured both before and after the program. There was a significant increase in the proportion of obstetricians asking about current alcohol use of patients and in the proportion routinely recommending that alcohol be limited during pregnancy. When asked by their patients about the possible effects of alcohol on the fetus, obstetricians were more likely to mention fetal alcohol syndrome as a specific risk after the educational program. Patients of these obstetricians also reported similar, although somewhat more conservative attitudes. While no control group without access to the educational program was available, sources of information about drinking and pregnancy cited by obstetricians indicated that the program was influential in the change that occurred in the 2-year period. PMID- 6682629 TI - Scalp abscess: a benign and infrequent complication of fetal monitoring. AB - Scalp abscess is an infrequent and usually benign complication of the implantation of fetal heart rate electrodes that becomes noticeable from 2 to 10 days after birth. The lesions are usually single and localized. Most exudates will produce aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria similar to the cervical flora of the late trimester of pregnancy. Scalp abscesses are more likely to occur subsequent to prolonged rupture of the membranes and an extended period of fetal heart rate monitoring. Local treatment may be adequate in most cases, but parenteral antibiotic therapy may be needed in others. Since herpes simplex virus infection has been reported to start as vesicles around the site of electrode implantation, careful attention to the maternal history must be given. The parents of infants who undergo internal fetal heart rate monitoring should be given careful and concise follow-up instructions when the infant is discharged from the hospital. It is apparent after a decade of experience that the benefits of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring, even when invasive, far outweigh the risks of this still infrequent complication. PMID- 6682628 TI - Effect of methotrexate on the growth and human chorionic gonadotropin secretion of human choriocarcinoma cell lines in vitro. AB - The effect of methotrexate (MTX) on the growth and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion of five gestational and two nongestational human choriocarcinoma cell lines was studied in vitro. A striking heterogeneity in hCG secretion was noted among the cell lines. The growth of cells which secreted large quantities of hCG, such as HCCM-5, BeWo, and IMa, was inhibited by continuous exposure to 2 X 10(-8)M MTX. In contrast, cells which secreted little hCG, such as SCH, ENAMI 1, and GCH-1, showed no response to the growth inhibitory action of 2 X 10(-8)M MTX and the 3H-thymidine uptake was not reduced by treatment with MTX at doses of up to 10(-4)M for 48 hours. The common morphologic alterations observed in the cells which responded to MTX were an increase in the number of multinucleated giant cells, the appearance of vacuoles and granules in the cytoplasm, and enlargement of the nuclei. Increased hCG secretion was observed in accordance with the appearance of such morphologically altered cells. Part of the mechanisms of resistance to MTX appeared to involve both impairment of MTX uptake by the cells and an increase in the level of intracellular dihydrofolate reductase. PMID- 6682630 TI - The relationship between induced abortion and outcome of subsequent pregnancies. AB - We analyzed interview and record review data from 9,823 deliveries to evaluate the relationship between prior history of induced abortion and subsequent late pregnancy outcomes. Complications such as bleeding in the first and third trimesters, abnormal presentations and premature rupture of the membranes, abruptio placentae, fetal distress, low birth weight, short gestation, and major malformations occurred more often among women with a history of two or more induced abortions. A logistic regression analysis to control for multiple confounding factors showed that a history of one induced abortion was statistically significantly associated with first-trimester bleeding but with no other untoward pregnancy events, and a history of two or more induced abortions was statistically associated with first-trimester bleeding, abnormal presentations, and premature rupture of the membranes. While these relationships merit further research, the results of this study are largely reassuring. A history of one or more prior induced abortions does not appear to increase substantially the risk of adverse late outcomes of subsequent pregnancies. PMID- 6682631 TI - The effect of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate on pregnancy outcome in an active-duty military population. AB - A prior report suggested that active-duty pregnant women are at increased risk for low-birth weight infants and a higher perinatal mortality rate. The present double-blind investigation was designed to prospectively evaluate that risk and to test the efficacy of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate to prevent reported complications. Three groups of active-duty women were studied, beginning between 16 and 20 weeks' gestation. They were similar for parity, previous abortion, race, cigarette smoking, and marital status. Of these, 80 were given 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate, 88 received placebo, and 78 declined to participate in the protocol. There was no significant differences in the three groups when comparisons were made for low-birth weight infants and for perinatal mortality. However, when comparison was made to a military dependent population, they had a significantly worse outcome with regard to both perinatal mortality (p = 0.001) and infants with a birth weight less than 2,500 gm (p = 0.01). We concluded that pregnant military personnel were at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcome, but that this risk was not altered by therapy with 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. PMID- 6682632 TI - Skeletal maturity and bone growth in twins. AB - Heritability of skeletal maturity and bone growth is discussed on the basis of intrapair resemblances (correlation coefficients) and differences (revised percent deviations) in mono- and dizygotic twins and random pairs of unrelated children. A series of 1072 radiographs of the right hand and wrist in 63 male and 70 female pairs of monozygotic twins, and 25 male and 21 female pairs of dizygotic twins aged 12 to 18 years studied longitudinally in Tokyo were used. Skeletal maturity based on the TW2 age suggests higher heritability than bone growth based on the second metacarpal dimensions. In the latter, length has higher heritability than width and cortical thickness. A dosage effect seems to be suggested in width and some indices in the second metacarpal, but is not confirmed in skeletal maturation. PMID- 6682633 TI - Intergroup loud calls, range size, and spacing in Callicebus torquatus. AB - Observations are reported on the response of a free-ranging group of Callicebus torquatus to recordings of loud intergroup calls. When the recording consisted of the call of a solo adult male, the group fled from the recording. When the recording consisted of the adult male and female duetting together, the group remained in place and called back to the recording. These results contrast with previously described vocal and spatial responses of C. moloch and suggest that range size influences the mechanisms that regulate between-group spacing. The consequence of intergroup loud calls in C. moloch is to define and reinforce the location of boundaries, whereas in C. torquatus, homologous calls maintain spacing between groups. PMID- 6682634 TI - Pertussis toxin uncouples dopamine agonist inhibition of prolactin release. AB - Pertussis toxin, a protein exotoxin produced by Bordetella pertussis, markedly reduced or eliminated the ability of dopamine or the dopamine agonist bromocriptine to inhibit prolactin release from anterior pituitary cells in vitro. Toxin-mediated reversal of the effect on dopamine agonist inhibition of prolactin release occurred with a lag of greater than 6 h, was maximal by 24 h, and persisted for at least 6 days after removal of the toxin from the medium. The toxin reduced dopamine agonist efficacy without altering potency or directly modifying the dopamine receptor (as measured by [3H]spiperone binding). The ability of dopamine to reduce cellular cyclic AMP content was also antagonized by pertussis toxin, supporting the hypothesis that reduction of cellular cyclic AMP content and inhibition of prolactin secretion may be causally related. These data demonstrated that pertussis toxin can prevent the typical inhibitory action of dopamine agonists on anterior pituitary prolactin release and suggest that this receptor-mediated inhibitory hormone system is analogous to other inhibitory receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6682635 TI - Galactorrhea associated with maprotiline HCl. PMID- 6682636 TI - Effects of intermittent 0.5% nitrous oxide/air (v/v) on the fertility of male rats and the post-natal growth of their offspring. AB - In a study of male rat fertility male Wistar albino rats were exposed to 0.5% nitrous oxide/air mixtures (v/v) for 30 days and control rats were exposed to oil free air for the same time period. Thereafter each male was mated with three nulliparous female rats and mated again with three more nulliparous rats after a 6-month recovery period. The offspring were weighed and measured for 8 weeks postnatally. There was a significant reduction in mean litter size of the female rats mated with the male rats directly after the nitrous oxide exposure period. The offspring from the female rats mated with the males directly after the exposure period were significantly smaller in size than the control group. These results show a reversible reduction in male Wistar rat fertility, after exposure to 0.5% nitrous oxide in air (v/v), as well as a postnatal growth depression. PMID- 6682637 TI - Measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity in mammalian kidney. AB - Until recently measurement of 25-OH-D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity in mammalian kidney has not been possible due to the presence of a protein which inhibits the enzyme by reducing available substrate. However, utilization of sufficient unlabeled 25-OH-D3 (80 nmol/ml renal homogenate) to overcome the effect of the inhibitor while maintaining optimal concentration for 1-hydroxylation has made quantitation of enzyme activity possible. We have modified this existing technique in order to increase the sensitivity and to permit detailed study of 1 alpha-hydroxylate regulation in mouse kidney. The modifications that we have incorporated include (i) simplifying the purification scheme for obtaining measurable 1,25-(OH)2D3 by reducing to one the necessary number of high performance liquid chromatography steps and (ii) quantifying 1,25-(OH)2D3 by radioligand assay. The sensitivity of the assay is 10 pg, which, corrected for fractionation and recovery (50-60%), allows the measurement of 0.5 fmol 1,25 (OH)2D3 produced per milligram kidney per minute. Moreover, reliability and precision of the assay have been confirmed by demonstrating that samples from carefully matched, identically treated mice have reproducible enzyme activity (interassay coefficient of variation = 9.1%, n = 5) and show appropriate dilution characteristics. We have also demonstrated appropriate modulation of enzyme activity by known effectors of 1-hydroxylation. Kidneys from D-deficient mice exhibit significantly higher enzyme activity (15.28 +/- 1.17, n = 21) than do normal mouse kidneys (5.14 +/- 0.26, n = 33). In contrast, enzyme activity is suppressed significantly in kidneys obtained from calcium-loaded (1.20 +/- 0.04, n = 5) and parathyroidectomized animals (2.94 +/- 0.29, n = 5). Our assay now permits the indepth study of 1 alpha-hydroxylase regulation in mammalian (mouse) kidneys. PMID- 6682638 TI - Pineal "synaptic" ribbons and spherules during the estrous cycle in rats. AB - In previous studies pineal "synaptic" ribbons have been shown to undergo striking numerical changes under various physiological and experimental conditions and to be regulated by beta-adrenergic mechanisms. The aim of the present investigation was to study the numbers of pineal "synaptic" ribbons and spherules in Wistar rats throughout the estrous cycle and to compare them with those in males. There were no statistically significant differences in the numbers of ribbons and spherules between males and females and in the females at the different stages of the estrous cycle, indicating that the structures in question, in vivo, do not appear to be regulated by naturally occurring changes of sex steroid hormones and gonadotrophins. PMID- 6682639 TI - Role of a natriuretic factor in essential hypertension: an hypothesis. AB - Excessive dietary intake of sodium appears to play a significant role in human essential hypertension. The underlying mechanism may involve the excessive secretion of a humoral natriuretic factor in response to the salt load. Deproteinized plasma from patients with essential hypertension contains elevated levels of an ouabain-like inhibitor of dog kidney sodium plus potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase. This substance, by inhibiting renal sodium transport, should have a natriuretic effect. Plasma from hypertensive patients also produces an ouabain-like sensitization of vascular smooth muscle (rabbit aorta) to exogenous norepinephrine. These data suggest that a circulating inhibitor of the sodium pump may play a key role in generating increased peripheral vascular resistance. Cellular mechanisms that link sodium pump inhibition to increased vascular resistance involve increased norepinephrine release and reduced re uptake and directly increased smooth muscle contractility and reactivity, as a result of increased cell sodium. PMID- 6682640 TI - [Glutamate metabolism in the liver of rats with chronic ethanol intoxication. Effect of nucleotide coenzymes]. PMID- 6682641 TI - The effect of pelvic floor exercises on urethral function in female stress urinary incontinence: an urodynamic study. AB - Twenty four patients with grade II stress urinary incontinence were examined urodynamically before and after two months of pelvic floor exercises. On urethrocystometry positive urethral closure pressure was observed in five of the patients (21%) after the therapy. The positive closure pressure appeared only in the distal functional urethra, probably produced by reflex contraction of pelvic floor muscles at stress. Thirteen patients (54%) experienced subjective improvement while in eleven patients the stress incontinence remained unchanged. Active sphincter exercises appear useful in the primary treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Most suitable for this therapy are patients with slight or moderate urethral relaxation at stress and elderly patients with increased operative risks. PMID- 6682642 TI - Comparison of Bolton-Hunter and chloramine-T techniques for the radioiodination of prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - A double antibody, semi-automated radioimmunoassay for serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is described, which uses the 125I-labelled N-succinimidyl-3-(4 hydroxyphenyl) propionate ester of PAP. This type of label has substantially higher immunoreactivity than that prepared using the chloramine-T method of radioiodination. Chromatographic purification of either label on Ultrogel ACA44 further improved immunoreactivity. The lowest detection limit (0 . 35 micrograms/l) was achieved with the chromatographically purified ester label. PMID- 6682643 TI - Casein-induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits: distribution of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids between serum and liver. AB - Replacement of soy protein by casein in the cholesterol-free, semipurified diet of rabbits caused hypercholesterolemia within 7 days. After 36 days, the serum of casein-fed rabbits displayed elevated levels of free and esterified cholesterol and phospholipids, but not of triglycerides. Most of the excess of serum cholesterol in the casein group was localized in the LDL fraction, but there were marked variations in the density profile of the serum lipoproteins between individual rabbits. Dietary casein induced an increased content in liver of free and esterified cholesterol, but not of phospholipids and triglycerides. The molar ratio of free to esterified cholesterol in the liver was decreased by casein. In contrast, feeding casein resulted in an increase of this ratio in the serum. PMID- 6682644 TI - Serum lipids, lipoprotein composition and liver cholesterol in genetically obese Zucker rats fed semipurified diets containing either casein or soy protein. AB - The effect of semipurified diets containing either casein or soy protein on serum lipids, lipoprotein composition and liver cholesterol was studied in genetically obese Zucker rats. The ingestion of a cholesterol-enriched semipurified diet containing casein resulted in elevated levels of serum cholesterol and phospholipids compared to the feeding of a soy protein diet. No differences in serum triglycerides were observed. Differences in serum cholesterol and phospholipids were mainly reflected in the very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins and to a minor extent in the high density lipoproteins. Liver cholesterol paralleled the levels of cholesterol in the serum, the rats fed casein exhibited markedly higher levels of liver cholesterol than those fed soy protein. Furthermore, the rats fed casein also had enlarged livers. Thus, this study clearly shows the differential cholesterolemic effect of dietary casein and soy protein in genetically obese Zucker rats. PMID- 6682645 TI - Isolated extremity perfusion with DTIC. An experimental and clinical study. AB - Dacarbazine (DTIC) was used for isolated perfusion of extremities in dogs and man. In the animal experiment perfusions with DTIC at dosages up to 100 mg per kg of extremity weight were well tolerated. The concentration of DTIC in the perfusate ranged from 70 to 400 micrograms/ml without evidence for formation of metabolites. Electron microscopy, performed 14 days later, revealed a decrease of glycogen in striated muscle cells. Vascular damage was not observed. Five patients with advanced malignant melanoma or soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities were treated by isolation perfusion with 75 to 133 mg DTIC per kg of extremity at 40 degrees C for 60 minutes. A tumor regression of at least 30% was observed. PMID- 6682647 TI - Soy feeding in infancy. PMID- 6682646 TI - Eradication of Arizona hinshawii from artificially infected turtle eggs. AB - Turtle eggs, 24 h old, were infected with Arizona hinshawii and treated 48 h later with gentamicin sulfate (Garasol; Shering Corp., Allantown, N.J.) by pressure differential egg dip treatment to ascertain the concentration of this reagent required to eradicate this pathogen from eggs. Infected eggs treated with 1,000 or 1,500 micrograms of gentamicin per ml of dip solution eliminated detectable A. hinshawii from eggs as determined by testing shells and embryo-yolk homogenates of 12-day-old eggs and the gastrointestinal tracts, kidneys, livers and gall bladders, and yolks of 50-day-old embryos. Treated eggs produced hatchlings which did not excrete detectable A. hinshawii at 72 h or 30 days after hatching, nor was this organism recovered from the visceral organs of these hatchlings when necropsied 30 days after hatching. Bacteriological assays on infected nontreated eggs showed that greater than 70% of the eggs harbored A. hinshawii, and eggs in this group produced hatchlings which actively excreted and harbored A. hinshawii. Eggs not infected or treated also produced turtles which excreted and systemically carried A. hinshawii and Salmonella spp. though not at the same level as did the turtles produced from infected, nontreated eggs. PMID- 6682648 TI - X-linked recessive ichthyosis vulgaris: rapid identification by lipoprotein electrophoresis. PMID- 6682649 TI - The gastro-intestinal metabolism of ethanol in the rat. Effect of chronic alcoholic intoxication. AB - By collecting the blood coming exclusively from the stomach or intestine of rats, it has been shown that ethanol can be oxidized in the digestive mucosa on the basis of the appearance, during its absorption, of acetaldehyde and acetate. This has been shown to be the result of the action of alcohol- and aldehyde dehydrogenases present in these tissues. The metabolic ability of these enzymes was tested after chronic alcoholic intoxication in association with various treatments with "anti-alcoholic" drugs. The modifications observed correspond to the effects of the treatments on the levels of the enzyme activities but are less clearcut in the in vivo conditions. PMID- 6682650 TI - [Activity of cis-bis(glycylglycine ethyl ester)platinum(II) chloride-effects on nucleic acid metabolism]. PMID- 6682652 TI - Sulfur hexafluoride therapy. PMID- 6682651 TI - [Cytoplasmic filaments in the electron microscopy diagnosis of sarcomas]. AB - The ultrastructure of cytoplasmic filamentous material in cells of different human sarcomas was studied and several types of it are distinguished. The first type is specific and can be used as a differential diagnostic marker of tissue appurtenance of neoplasias: in fibroasarcoma cells--a uniform layer of thin filaments located near the plasmic membrane; in rhabdomyosarcomas--thick sheets of long filaments; in leiomyosarcomas--bundles of filaments with focal consolidation; in liposarcomas--loosely packed scarce layers of thin filaments of cylindrical shape; in malignant synoviomas--rod-shaped bundles of thin filaments, endotheliomas--thick single bundles of predominantly perinuclear location. Two types of nonspecific filamentous apparatus in cells of these neoplasias were distinguished: widelooped loose filamentous network and thick circular sheets. The problems of genesis and formation of filamentous apparatus of different types in tumor cells are discussed. PMID- 6682653 TI - Treatment with sulfur hexafluoride in children with serous otitis media. An alternative to tubulation. AB - In this pilot study, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), a nontoxic inert gas infused into the ear during myringotomy and acting as a gas cushion behind an intact eardrum, was tested on five children with bilateral serous otitis media. The contralateral ear was treated with air as a control. A significant difference in air-bone gaps (frequencies, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz) lasting at least eight weeks was found between the ears treated with SF6 and the air-treated ears. No side effects were noted. Tympanograms showed varying patterns. The long-term effects were also favorable for the SF6-treated ears. In selected cases, eg, ears with thin scars and retractions, this might be a valuable alternative to tubulation. Further studies are being carried out. PMID- 6682654 TI - Histamine-sensitizing factor of Alcaligenes faecalis. AB - Alcaligenes faecalis produced a histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) in turkey poults and mice, which was detected in poults by an infraorbital sinus test and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test and in mice by a rectal-temperature differential test. The A. faecalis HSF appeared to be similar to that produced by the genus Bordetella and may be partly responsible for the clinical signs of alcaligenes rhinotracheitis in young poults. PMID- 6682655 TI - Experimental cerebrospinal nematodiasis due to Baylisascaris procyonis in chickens. AB - Avian cerebrospinal nematodiasis was studied in chickens experimentally inoculated with infective eggs of Baylisascaris procyonis of raccoon origin. Birds each received 3,200, 1,600, 800, 400, 200, or 0 eggs, one dose per group of 10 birds. Central nervous system (CNS) disease developed in 17 of the 50 infected birds. Birds receiving the higher dosages exhibited the worst clinical signs, had higher mortality rates, lived for shorter duration, and had the most severe brain lesions. Onset of CNS disease was consistent between groups and averaged 20.4 days, and duration varied from less than one to 23 days. No gross lesions were present. Histologically, multifocal areas of malacia and necrosis, hemorrhage, perivascular cuffing, nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, focal granulomas, and migrating larvae were seen in the brains. No larvae were recovered from the brains by the Baermann method. Extraneural lesions were limited to focal choroiditis and a granuloma in an extrinsic ocular muscle. PMID- 6682656 TI - cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 and trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 inhibit DNA synthesis in cultured L1210 leukemia cells. AB - A comparison of the inhibition of DNA synthesis by the two geometrical bidentate isomers cis- and trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 and by the monodentate [Pt(dien)Cl]Cl in a model used for screening potential antitumor compounds, the L1210 leukemia cells, is presented. The efficacy of penetration after a 2 hours Pt treatment is in the order trans (8) greater than cis (1) approximately dien (0.7). DNA replication is reduced to 50% of the control when 1.8 X 10(-4), 2.4 X 10(-4) and 80 X 10(-4) Pt atoms were bound per nucleotide for cis, trans and dien derivatives, respectively. If we admit that DNA is the pharmacological target of Pt antitumor compounds, these results suggest that a quantitative inhibition of DNA synthesis is certainly not correlated with antitumor activity. PMID- 6682658 TI - Influence of decreased and increased magnesium supply on the cardiotoxic effects of epinephrine in rats. AB - Female Sprague-Dawley rats kept on a standard chow or on a magnesium (Mg) deficient diet during 6 days received s.c. injections of 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 micrograms of epinephrine (Ep). 1 h before, they were orally treated with 0, 125 or 250 mg of Mg/kg b.w. given as magnesium aspartate hydrochloride. Drug-induced changes were studied by analyzing serum and cardiac tissue samples (Mg, Ca, K, Na and in addition glucose, FFA, cholesterol and creatine kinase in serum) taken at 7 different times (15 to 420 min) after treatment with Ep; effects were evaluated by considering the respective areas under the concentration-time curves (AUC). AUCs were calculated with linear and logarithmic graduation of the time-scale and were also transformed into logarithms. In additional experiments, animals of both diet groups were treated with Mg and Ep as described above and the hearts, excised after 420 min, were prepared for histological examination. Cardiotoxic effects induced by adrenergic overstimulation were aggravated by Mg deficiency. Most pronounced electrolyte alterations and histologically detectable cardiac necroses were observed in the Mg-deficient animals at 420 min following the s. c. injection of 200 micrograms of Ep. On the other hand, oral Mg treatment induced hypermagnesemia and reduced toxic effects of Ep--especially Ca overload of the heart muscle--in controls and in Mg-deficient rats. PMID- 6682657 TI - The dual effects of aluminum as activator and inhibitor of adenylate cyclase in the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. AB - The liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, has a very active adenylate cyclase which can be stimulated by NaF or by serotonin and guanine nucleotides. Micromolar amounts of AlCl3 augment the activation by F-. In contrast, when the enzyme is activated with serotonin and guanine nucleotides, AlCl3 inhibits the activation. Aluminum also inhibits the activation by forskolin. Gallium mimics the effects of aluminum. PMID- 6682659 TI - [Effect of benzarone on the oxygen consumption and the mechanical activity of vascular smooth muscle]. AB - The influence of 2-ethyl-3-(4-hydroxy-benzoyl)-benzofurane (benzarone, Fragivic) on the energy metabolism of the wall of the rabbit common carotid artery and the rat portal vein was investigated by measuring the oxygen consumption of in vitro incubated vessel segments. Benzarone increased the oxygen consumption of the carotid artery either in whole vessel wall segments or in intima-media preparations. The increase was concentration-dependent. The basal tone of the artery did not change during incubation. Benzarone decreased the oxygen consumption of the portal vein, while spontaneous phasic activity was blocked and the basal tone lowered. The results suggest that, besides its antagonistic effects on mediators of muscle contraction, benzarone influences the metabolism of the smooth muscle cells directly. An uncoupling effect on the oxidative phosphorylation, which would be consistent with the antiinflammatory properties of benzarone, is discussed. PMID- 6682660 TI - Possible antiarrhythmic activities of trapidil. AB - Possible antiarrhythmic activities of 5-methyl-7-diethylamino-s-triazolo(1,5 a)pyrimidine (trapidil, Rocornal) were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Trapidil significantly increased the amount of aconitine or ouabain needed for production of ventricular arrhythmias in rats and guinea pigs. Trapidil also produced a significant increase in threshold current of electrical stimuli which induced ventricular tachycardia in dogs under acute myocardial ischemia. Electrophysiological examinations on effects of trapidil on isolated rabbit ventricular muscle cells showed shortening of the action potential duration (APD) and prolongation of the effective refractory period (ERP), resulting in an increase in the ratio of ERP/APD. The results indicate that trapidil will have a possible effectiveness in inhibiting ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 6682661 TI - Pharmacokinetics of catalytically tritiated glycosaminoglycans in the rat. AB - Glycosaminoglycan mixture catalytically labelled with tritium gas (3H-GAG) was shown to have chemical characteristics and antithrombin-heparin cofactor activity in vitro similar to those of the native mixture of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Rats were orally dosed with 3H-GAG in either aqueous solution or vegetable oil emulsion and the quantity of radioisotope absorbed assessed at various intervals. The quantity of 3H in plasma plateaued 8 h after dosing and remained near peak levels at least 16 h. Time dependent accumulation of the radioisotope within liver, spleen and testes was also observed. PMID- 6682662 TI - Aminophenyl ether compound (YM-95831), a new hypolipidemic agent with a high density lipoprotein elevating activity in rats. AB - A single oral dose of a new hypolipidemic agent, 4-(cis-p-menthan-8)benzanilide (YM-95831) exhibited a marked elevation of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with great reduction of serum total cholesterol in rats which were fed hypercholesterolemic diet. Reduction of serum total cholesterol preceded the increase in HDL, reached a peak at 16 h and was still significant even after 112 h. When YM-95831 was orally given daily for 4 days to the hypercholesterolemic rats, the dose required to reduce serum total cholesterol by 50% was about 6 mg/kg. Clofibrate was more than 10 times less potent than YM-95831 in the hypolipidemic activity. Nicotinic acid was virtually ineffective. HDL cholesterol was doubled by YM-95831 of about 3 mg/kg, but not significantly influenced by clofibrate of 200 mg/kg. Nicotinic acid at 400 mg/kg increased 1.5 times HDL cholesterol. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the serum demonstrated the decrease in beta-lipoprotein and the increase in alpha-lipoproteins by YM-95831. In hypercholesterolemic rats. YM-95831 increased preferentially HDL2 (d: 1.063 1.125) without significant alteration of a HDL3 (d: 1.125-1.21) level. YM-95831 tempted to decrease liver total cholesterol. Nicotinic acid significantly decreased the cholesterol whereas clofibrate exhibited no alteration. These results indicate that YM-95831 is a potent and long-lasting hypolipidemic agent with a potent HDL cholesterol elevating activity. PMID- 6682663 TI - Effect of 2'-carboxymethoxy-4,4'-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)chalcone (SU-88) on gastric local blood flow. AB - Effect of 2'-carboxymethoxy-4,4'-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)chalcone (SU-88), a new anti-ulcer drug, on gastric tissue blood flow was investigated by using an inhaled hydrogen gas clearance method in rats. As a result, following the intravenous infusions of 10,20 and 30 mg/kg/h of SU-88, the gastric blood flow increased with an increase rate of 38.1, 70.5 and 61.7% as compared with the control value, respectively. Following the intraperitoneal administrations of 50 and 100 mg/kg of SU-88, the gastric blood flow increased by 59.8 and 51.2%, respectively, immediately after the administration. PMID- 6682664 TI - Haemodynamic effects of pirlindole, a new tetracyclic antidepressant agent. AB - Cardiovascular dynamic, inotropic and electrophysiologic effects of the new tetracyclic antidepressant 2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-8-methyl-1H-pyrazino[3,2,1-j,k] carbazole hydrochloride (pirlindole) (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.v.) were investigated in anaesthetized dogs and compared with those of i.v. imipramine (0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) administration. Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)-induced systemic blood pressure increase was significantly potentiated by imipramine but not by pirlindole. Severe hypotension was caused by most imipramine doses, whereas the initial blood pressure fall after pirlindole was followed by an increase. Heart rate did not alter with lower prilindole doses but increased after 2.5 mg/kg. Imipramine caused severe tachycardia. Pirlindole had no effects on contractility but imipramine was negative-inotropic. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure fell after pirlindole; imipramine caused transient decrease in filling pressure between 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg, whereas 5 mg/kg significantly elevated this variable. Myocardial oxygen consumption increased with 5 and 10 mg/kg pirlindole but was reduced by imipramine. Pirlindole did not induce changes in the electrophysiology of the heart. Imipramine decreased PQ-time and elevated ST-T segments indicating myocardial ischaemia. Imipramine effects on electrical conduction were deleterious so that no dog survived 10 mg/kg. These results suggest that pirlindole may be a possible therapeutic regimen for treatment of depressed human patients with a previous history of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 6682665 TI - Measurement of flecainide acetate in human plasma by an extraction spectrophotofluorometric method. AB - A fluorometric method for the quantitation of 2,5-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N (2-piperidylmethyl)benzamide acetate (R-818, flecainide acetate) in human plasma has been developed. The minimum quantifiable concentration of flecainide acetate by this method is 25 ng/ml with a 2 ml plasma sample; a slightly modified procedure which also requires the use of a microcell in the spectrophotofluorometer further increases the maximum sensitivity to 12.5 ng/ml. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation is 2.9, 0.7, 5.6, 3.5, and 4.3% for 75, 150, 250, 500, and 700 ng flecainide acetate/ml, respectively. The accuracy, expressed as relative error, is -6.7, -3.3, -0.4, +4.4, and -0.4%, respectively, for the corresponding concentrations specified above. The relative standard deviations for the inter-day variation are 19, 7, 9, 9, 8, 10, 13, 12, and 9% for the 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ng/ml standards, respectively. Preliminary data indicate that propranolol and quinidine interfere with this method while procainamide, disopyramide, hydralazine, methyldopa, diazepam, hydrochlorothiazide, and sulfinpyrazone exhibit little or no interference. The results of the analyses of clinical samples by the fluorometric method agree well with an established GLC method. Thus, the quality of the fluorometric method is considered adequate for estimating plasma flecainide acetate levels during drug therapy in most non-research settings, if careful consideration is given to possible interference by other drugs. PMID- 6682666 TI - Antihypertensive effect of nifedipine and its relationship to severity of hypertension. AB - The antihypertensive effect of nifedipine (Adalat), a Ca2+-antagonistic drug, was studied in patients with mild or severe hypertension. In both short- and long term trials, nifedipine exerted a strong hypotensive effect, more pronounced in patients with severe than in cases with mild hypertension. The results of our short-term study showed a positive correlation between the maximum fall in blood pressure induced by nifedipine and pretreatment systolic blood pressure values or the total severity index score of hypertension. In our long-term trial, we also observed a positive correlation between maximum reduction of blood pressure- induced by nifedipine--and pretreatment values. However, no correlation between reduction of blood pressure and total severity index score of hypertension could be established. Our results indicate that nifedipine could be effective in the management of severe hypertension. The hypotensive action of nifedipine, at least partly due to its Ca2+ influx blocking action, suggests that etiologically hypertension may be connected with an abnormal calcium metabolism of the cardiovascular muscle cells. PMID- 6682667 TI - [Serum and urine electrolyte behavior under therapeutic dosage of a potent magnesium and aluminum hydroxide containing antacid]. AB - Report is given concerning a clinical study on 15 healthy volunteers who received 4 x 10 ml/die Maalox 70 or placebo. The influence on the serum electrolytes calcium, magnesium, aluminium, and the phosphate concentration has been determined by daily monitoring. Furthermore the renal elimination rates for calcium, magnesium, aluminium, and phosphate as well as urine pH, and osmolality have been determined. The quality of stools of the volunteers was monitored. The results were proved statistically. The study led to the following results: The drug has been tolerated subjectively. The stool quality and quantity of the subjects did not change. Magnesium- and aluminium concentration in serum shifted to higher concentrations. At the same time the renal magnesium- and aluminium excretion increased, and the phosphate elimination decreased. This shifting was within the physiological limits, so that relevant clinical side effects could not be observed. All other parameters did not change. PMID- 6682668 TI - The influence of ketotifen and aminophylline on the central and peripheral airways. AB - In a double-blind study we compared the effect of 2 mg ketotifen (Zaditen) daily and 1050 mg aminophylline daily for 6 months in two groups of altogether 24 patients with bronchial asthma and a chronic obstruction of the airways. Lung function tests were done in regular intervals to investigate the effects of the drugs on the central airways resistance, thoracic gas volume, forced expiratory volume of the first second and inspiratory vital capacity--and the peripheral airways closing volume, flow of iso and the flow volume curve. Ketotifen reduced the obstruction of the central and of the peripheral airways. Aminophylline showed a less pronounced effect on the obstruction of the central airways and did not influence the peripheral airways. Number and severity of asthmatic attacks, cough, dyspnea and expectoration improved with both drugs. From our results we conclude that ketotifen reduces the obstruction of the central airways and also may exert a direct influence on the small airways. This drug therefore seems to possess special antiasthmatic effects. In contrast aminophylline acts as a rapidly effective bronchodilating agent with no detectable effects on the peripheral airways. PMID- 6682669 TI - [Effect of doxycycline and isoconazole nitrate on human intestinal fungal flora]. AB - 29 patients from an outpatient department for pulmonary diseases were treated in randomized order with both doxycycline alone and in combination with 1-(2,4 dichloro-beta-(2,6-dichlorobenzyloxy)-phenethyl)-imidazole nitrate (isoconazole nitrate, Gyno-Travogen) 300 mg/day as well as 600 mg/day for 14 days. In 15 of the 29 patients, it was possible to detect Candida albicans in the stool before the beginning of therapy 10 patients being on a cortisone therapy with an average duration of 32.9 months. Under doxycycline monotherapy, a proliferation of the human intestinal flora by yeast-spp. did not occur. Furthermore, it was not possible to detect an effect of isoconazole nitrate on the human fecal intestinal flora. PMID- 6682670 TI - Attenuation of cycloheximide-induced amnesia in mice with strychnine sulfate. AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of strychnine sulfate in attenuating the amnesia induced in mice by small doses of cycloheximide (CYC). Previously, reversal of CYC-induced amnesia catecholamine agonists has been taken as evidence that protein synthesis inhibitors induce amnesia via an inhibition of catecholamine synthesis. The results of Experiment 1 suggested that strychnine sulfate could attenuate an amnesia induced by 30 mg/kg CYC, and the results of Experiment 2 revealed that even the robust amnesia induced by 75 mg/kg CYC could be attenuated by strychnine sulfate. The results of these experiments support the results of previous experiments which showed that agents having little or no effect on the catecholamines can nonetheless attenuate amnesia induced by the protein synthesis inhibitors. Thus, some method other than attenuation of the retention deficit by catecholamine agonists must be used to test the hypothesis that protein synthesis inhibitors induce amnesia via an inhibition of catecholamine synthesis. PMID- 6682671 TI - [Intracranial pressure changes during sleep in man]. AB - ICP being a very significant parameter of intracranial pathology, it needs to be recorded continuously. ICP of 7 cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and 6 postoperative patients, for whom relationship between REM sleep and ICP was under discussion, was monitored at night and recorded by Brock's method. Polygraphic records also were obtained. Increased ICP was related to REM sleep in 3 of 6 postoperative cases. In the remaining 3 cases, REM sleep could not be observed the first postoperative night, and ICP was lower and stable all night. This fact may be an effect of anesthetic drugs. NPH patients were divided into 2 groups by pressure profile during night recording of ICP. One group of 2 cases demonstrated irregular ICP during REM sleep while the other group of 5 cases did not. The former 2 cases showed neurological improvement after shunt operations. In NPH cases, ICP has significance in deciding whether surgery is necessary. It appears reasonable to suggest that the augumentation of ICP during REM sleep in cases of hydrocephalus and postoperative condition is related to an increase in cerebral blood flow and an exhaustion of the absorptive mechanisms of CSF. PMID- 6682672 TI - Mitral regurgitation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Non-invasive study by two dimensional Doppler echocardiography. AB - Mitral regurgitation and its haemodynamic features were investigated non invasively in cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by means of two dimensional Doppler echocardiography. There were 28 patients, 14 of whom showed systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral echo; the other 14 did not. The following results were obtained. (1) Mitral regurgitation was detected by the Doppler technique in all cases with systolic anterior motion of the mitral echo and in half of those without it. (2) Doppler signals of mitral regurgitation started immediately after the first heart sound. (3) Mitral regurgitant flow was often distributed from the entire mitral orifice over the entire or the posterior half of the left atrium in the cases with systolic anterior motion. In the cases without systolic anterior motion the regurgitation was usually localised near the mitral orifice. These features differ from those of regurgitation usually seen in rheumatic mitral valve disease and idiopathic mitral valve prolapse. (4) The Doppler technique and left ventriculography were equally efficient in detecting mitral regurgitation. (5) The early systolic component of the murmur of hypertrophic myopathy is considered to result in the main from concomitant mitral regurgitation, but not from turbulent blood flow in the left ventricular outflow tract, so that in cases with mitral regurgitation as a complication, mitral regurgitation may also contribute to the development of the midsystolic portion of the systolic murmur, while the main origin of this portion of the murmur is the left ventricular outflow obstruction. PMID- 6682673 TI - Variation of receptor status in cancer of the breast. AB - One hundred and nineteen patients with breast cancer had 2 or more lesions removed for oestrogen (REc) or progesterone receptor (RPc) assay, either synchronously (on 38 occasions) or after an interval (on 91 occasions). In all but 7 both receptors were assayed for each lesion. The assays did not agree on the presence or absence of REc alone, RPc alone or the combination of both receptors in 11, 13 and 16% respectively of the synchronous samples, compared with 23, 30 and 43% of the asynchronous samples. The differences between the synchronous and asynchronous samples were significant for the combined receptors (P = 0.007) but not for REc (P = 0.176) or RPc alone (P = 0.077). Variation between asynchronous biopsies was greater when the earlier lesion contained RPc (18/37 disagreed) than when it did not (8/50) disagreed, P = 0.0023). This was not true for oestrogen receptor. In those remaining receptor positive there was only a weak correlation between the first and second values (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, rho = 0.39 for REc, P less than 0.02, and 0.45 for RPc, 0.05 less than P less than 0.1). Receptor levels and receptor status may change with time. Biopsy is most appropriate at the time when systemic treatment is proposed. PMID- 6682674 TI - Effect of lumbar epidural analgesia on lower urinary tract function in the immediate postpartum period. AB - Urodynamic investigations including cystometry and electronic simultaneous urethro-cystometry were made in 27 primiparae between 2 and 5 days after delivery to assess possible effects of lumbar epidural analgesia on the function of the lower urinary tract. Three groups of patients were studied: 11 patients had vaginal delivery without epidural analgesia, 11 patients with similar obstetrical characteristics were delivered vaginally with epidural analgesia, and five others were delivered by caesarean section under epidural analgesia. The group of patients who were delivered vaginally under epidural analgesia had a significantly higher incidence (n = 4) of hypotonic bladders as determined by cystometry than the group without epidural analgesia (n = 0), (P less than 0.05). The maximum cystometric capacity was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in the group who delivered vaginally with epidural analgesia than in the group without epidural analgesia, as well as the caesarean section group (with epidural analgesia), (P less than 0.01). Possible side effects of epidural analgesia implied by these results are discussed and a method for surveillance of urethrovesical function both during labour and after parturition is proposed. PMID- 6682675 TI - Ratio of the concentration of hypoxanthine to creatinine in urine from newborn infants: a possible indicator for the metabolic damage due to hypoxia. AB - The ratio of the urinary concentrations of the ATP metabolite, hypoxanthine, to that of creatinine was determined in normal newborn infants. An increase in this ratio reflects high hypoxanthine excretion and thus ATP breakdown. The ratio can be determined on random urine samples, thus simplifying sampling. Urinary changes are persistent; abnormalities are detectable on the second day of life after intrapartum hypoxia. Preliminary results suggest that this ratio on a sample during the second day of life could 'diagnose' intrapartum hypoxia and might therefore quantitatively assess those obstetric 'risk factors' believed to operate through hypoxia. PMID- 6682676 TI - Argon laser treatment of senile retinoschisis. AB - Fifty-seven eyes of 49 patients with senile retinoschisis were treated by argon laser photocoagulation and followed up for 3 to 6 years. In most of the treated eyes the retinoschisis either completely or partially collapsed and in none did the retinoschisis or loss of visual field progress further. No long-term complications due to the treatment were noted. In none of the treated eyes did retinal detachment develop. In view of this the indications at present for argon laser treatment in retinoschisis may be extended to include any case in which the retinoschisis progresses beyond the equator and visual field loss continues. This may prevent further visual field damage and other rare complications of slowly progressive retinoschisis and facilitate the many years' follow-up of elderly patients with retinoschisis who develop cataracts. PMID- 6682677 TI - Limited cleavage of eucaryotic elongation factor Tu by trypsin: alignment of the tryptic fragments and effect of nucleic acids on the enzymatic reaction. PMID- 6682678 TI - In vivo effects of colchicine on milk fat globule membrane. AB - Milk secretion in lactating goats was suppressed reversibly by infusing colchicine (2.5 to 5 mg) into one half of the udder via the teat canal. Fat globules were isolated from milks before, during and after (96 h post-infusion) this suppression. Protein, phospholipid, cholesterol (free and esterified), 5' nucleotidase activity and peptide patterns by gel electrophoresis of these globule samples were determined. Association of [14C]colchicine with milk fat globules in vivo and in vitro also was investigated. Amounts of protein, phospholipid and free cholesterol per g of globule and 5'-nucleotidase per mg of globule protein fall following colchicine infusion. The nature of these changes suggests that the supply of membrane for milk secretion is restricted as a result of the drug treatment. Patterns of globule peptides by gel electrophoresis were qualitatively similar during the experimental period. However, a major globule glycoprotein, Mr = 52 000, showed a significant (3-fold) increase relative to the other principal peptide bands during the period of reduced milk flow. Analysis of milks for radioactivity following infusion of [14C]colchicine revealed that a portion of activity returning in milk is associated with fat globules. This activity peaked at 72 h post-infusion. Evaluation of [14C]colchicine binding to milk fat globules in vitro yielded evidence that the drug binds to the cytoplasmic, but not the exterior surface of the globule membrane. Colchicine's inhibition of milk synthesis and secretion is discussed. PMID- 6682679 TI - Peculiarities of the Na+/D-glucose cotransport system in Necturus renal tubules. AB - The effects of D-glucose addition to a glucose-free luminal perfusate were investigated in the proximal tubule of Necturus kidney, by electrophysiological techniques. The main findings are: (1) In the presence of sodium, D-glucose produces 10.5 mV +/- 1.1 (S.E.) depolarization. (2) Phlorizin reduces the magnitude of this response to 2.1 +/- 0.1 mV. (3) The glucose-evoked depolarization, delta VG, does not alter the intracellular K+ activity nor is it affected by peritubular addition of ouabain. (4) Isosmotic reduction of Na+ concentration in luminal perfusate from 95 to 2 mmol/l (choline or Li+ substituting for Na+) does not change the magnitude of delta VG; complete removal of sodium from the lumen lowers the value of delta VG (3.2 +/- 0.2 mV) but the response is not abolished. This observation suggests that the D-glucose carrier of renal tubules in Necturus is poorly specific with regard to the cotransported cation species. PMID- 6682681 TI - [Thick filament structure in isolated A-discs and longitudinal sections of vertebrate skeletal muscle by optical diffraction]. PMID- 6682680 TI - Comparative activation kinetics of mammalian plasminogens. AB - Five native mammalian plasminogen species, namely, cat, dog, bovine, rabbit and horse, were studied and compared to native human plasminogen with respect to their substrate and enzymatic properties in various activated forms. These studies are an extension of previous work and were designed to confirm our previously proposed mechanism of plasminogen activation, using a series of native, but different, plasminogen substrates. The plasminogen activator species used were high molecular weight urokinase, streptokinase, human Glu-plasminogen streptokinase complex, human plasmin-derived light(B)-chain-streptokinase complex, and the equimolar streptokinase activator complexes prepared from cat and dog plasmins. The peptidase parameters of the plasmins, plasmin-streptokinase and plasminogen-streptokinase complexes were determined with H-D-valyl-L-leucyl-L lysyl-p-nitroanilide and Tos-glycyl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl-p-nitroanilide. Activation kinetics were measured with the same substrates. The peptidase parameters of all plasmin species were found to be similar, but with minor variations. The equimolar streptokinase mixtures of bovine, rabbit and horse plasminogens and plasmins did not form complexes and did not form active sites with plasminogen, under the conditions used. The second-order rate constants of activation revealed great differences (as much as 1400-fold), presumably expressing differences in the tertiary structure of the various plasminogen scissile bonds. The catalytic rate constants of activation, kplg, varied by as much as a 100-fold, while differences in Kplg were relatively small. The results of this study confirm the activation mechanism we have postulated previously, namely, that rapid equilibrium rather than steady-state conditions prevail and that k2 (acylation) is the catalytic rate constant and the rate-determining step, while KS is a true dissociation constant. Calculations of the free energy of interaction of the peptidase and plasminogen activation reactions showed -4.4 to -5.6 kcal/mol for peptidase and -6.5 to -10 kcal/mol for the activation reaction. These values indicate 1-3 subsite binding interactions for the peptidase activity and 3-5 subsite binding interactions for the activation catalytic event. Streptokinase activator complexes have at least one more interacting subsite than the urokinase active site. PMID- 6682682 TI - Skin conductance and subjective assessments associated with the odour of 5-alpha androstan-3-one. AB - Two experiments are reported using the odours of 5-alpha-androstan-3-one (androstanone) and, a control odour, aurantiol. Various measures of skin conductance (SC) were recorded and analysed and subjects also rated the odours using analogue scales. The first experiment involved comparisons between subjects who perceive the androstanone odour as pleasant and subjects who perceive it as unpleasant. A number of differences were shown between the two groups and also between androstanone and aurantiol. The results are interpreted as demonstrating the influence of cognitive factors that are found between male and female responses and also between the responses of the 'pleasant' and 'unpleasant' groups. The second experiment examined the SC response of subjects who displayed specific anosmia to the odour of androstanone. The results suggest that the concept of specific anosmia requires modification. PMID- 6682683 TI - Responses mediated by adrenoceptors in the separated layers of the myometrium and in the costo-uterine muscle of the guinea pig during the estrous cycle. AB - The mechanical responses of field-stimulated preparations of the longitudinal and circular myometrium, and of the costo-uterine muscle of the guinea pig to adrenoceptor agonists have been examined on Days 1, 4, 10 and 15-16 of the estrous cycle. The alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine, was exclusively excitatory in all three preparations taken from animals at each of the cycle days studied. Concentration-response curves for phenylephrine in all three tissues were unaffected by the fluctuations in ovarian hormones occurring during the estrous cycle. Isoproterenol (1 nmol/1-5 mumol/1) usually inhibited field stimulation-induced contractions of the longitudinal uterine layer and the costo uterine muscle; higher doses usually caused enhancement of contractions. In neither tissue did the potency or maximum effect of this inhibitory agonist differ at differing cycle stages. In the circular myometrium, the inhibitory effects of isoproterenol were less consistently observed, particularly in preparations taken at proestrus (Days 15-16). It is concluded that, except perhaps in the circular myometrium at proestrus, the fluctuations in ovarian hormones occurring during the estrous cycle in this species are insufficient to modify uterine responses mediated via alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors. It remains to be established whether the steroid hormones are capable of modulating responses mediated by adrenoceptors in the costo-uterine muscle. PMID- 6682684 TI - Secretion of rat placental lactogen by the fetal placenta and its inhibitory effect on prolactin surges. AB - The various products of conception were examined for their ability to secrete rat placental lactogen (rPL), cause normal termination of the diurnal and nocturnal prolactin (Prl) surges and maintain progesterone secretion. Serum rPL, highest on Day 12, was measured by Nb2 lymphoma cell bioassay. Surgery was performed on Day 8, leaving only the uterus in aborted animals, the decidua in the decidua intact animals, or the placenta and decidua in the fetectomized animals. In control rats, rPL levels were elevated by the afternoon of Day 8, the last day the diurnal Prl surge is seen. By Day 10, the last day of the nocturnal surge, rPL levels were extremely high. Fetectomized animals exhibited both the diurnal and nocturnal surges for 2 additional days while rPL secretion was only slightly above baseline levels. Both the decidua-intact and aborted animals continued both daily Prl surges with barely detectable rPL levels. Progesterone secretion was maintained through Day 14 only in the control animals. It is concluded the rPL is secreted by the fetal trophoblastic cells, not the decidua, and that the presence of the fetus is necessary for secretion of normal amounts of rPL and maintenance of pregnancy. Further support is given to the hypothesis that it is rPL which terminates the Prl surges at midpregnancy. PMID- 6682685 TI - [Role of peripheral adrenoreactive structures in the etiology of disorders of the motor components of rat operant behavior during emotional stress]. AB - It has been found in experiments on rats trained to avoid electric stimulation of the foots by pressing the pedal that previous immobilization and administration of adrenaline and isoprenaline (but not noradrenaline) disturbs the accuracy of the realization of motor components of operant behavior. The total beta adrenoblockers (but not phentolamine and cardioselective beta 1-adrenoblockers) given in doses which do not cause any central effects reduced the negative action of emotional stress. It is inferred that activation of beta 2-adrenoreceptors of skeletal muscles is likely to play a role in the genesis of disturbed motor skill under emotional stress. PMID- 6682687 TI - [Characteristics of systemic hemodynamics in relation to the emotional state of animals prior to experimentation]. AB - Initial hemodynamics and reflex changes in the circulation were studied in acute experiments on cats at varying emotional states of the animals before experiment. In the cats not exposed to emotional stress, the initial parameters of the circulation and reflex mechanisms of hemodynamic control differed from those in controls. It is concluded that emotional stress provokes sustained changes in the central mechanisms of hemodynamic control. PMID- 6682686 TI - [Relation of changes in the content and activity of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 to the intensification of lipid peroxidation under stress]. AB - The content of cytochromes and aminopyrine demethylase activity of rat liver microsomes were studied after 3 hours of swimming, adrenaline administration, and immobilization of the animals. Immobilization and swimming resulted in a short term 19-25% decrease in the content of cytochrome P-450. Administration of adrenaline entailed a more prolonged and appreciable reduction in the content of both cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5. These changes were preceded by intensification of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver. After the exposures described the pattern of changes in demethylase activity of microsomes was more complex than the changes in the content of cytochrome P-450. It is assumed that the decreased content of cytochrome P-450 in the endoplasmic liver reticulum is a non-specific body reaction to stress exposures and that this reaction is related to the intensification of LPO in animal tissues. PMID- 6682688 TI - A clinical and thermographic study of lateral epicondylitis. AB - The diagnosis and management of many soft-tissue lesions remains difficult largely as a result of a lack of objective assessment. It is considered that thermography may fulfil this role. During a therapeutic study of 56 tennis-elbow lesions, detailed clinical assessment was supplemented by serial thermography of the lateral elbow. A characteristic localized thermographic abnormality was found in 53 of the 56 affected elbows and only 3 of 60 (120 elbows) normal age- and sex matched controls. Microcomputer analysis of the thermal gradient slope across the abnormal area showed a correlation with clinical state, reflecting recovery, and revealing a much smaller diurnal variation than was seen in the solely temperature-based parameters. Clinical features do show some variability both with regard to the site of tenderness and degree of involvement of supination and pronation. While these differences may have pathological significance they do not appear to have prognostic importance. Thermography is a useful objective method for assessment of tennis elbow and may aid the investigation and understanding of other soft-tissue lesions. PMID- 6682689 TI - Bony metastases from intracranial meningioma. PMID- 6682690 TI - Retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma in the male. PMID- 6682692 TI - A ribosomal defect in dystrophic hamsters. AB - Polysomes were isolated from the skeletal muscle, the heart, and the liver of dystrophic and normal hamsters and their protein synthesis activity was assessed in a cell-free wheat germ extract as a source factors and tRNAs. Our results show that there is a shift of the optimal magnesium concentration required for protein synthesis with polysomes from the skeletal muscle and the heart of dystrophic hamsters, as compared with control hamsters. As a consequence of this shift, polysomes from the skeletal muscle and the heart of dystrophic hamsters, were less active than normal ones at low magnesium concentrations, but more active at high magnesium concentrations. These changes in activity were age dependent since, with skeletal muscle, they were observed at 30 days and disappeared at 60 days but reappeared at 120 and 200 days. With heart polysomes, on the other hand, the changes in activity were observed at 60 days but not in younger or older animals. No change in activity was observed with liver polysomes. Similar results were obtained when endogenous mRNAs were replaced by an exogenous messenger such as poly(U). This suggests that the differences in protein synthesis activity between polysomes from dystrophic and normal hamsters are not due to changes in the endogenous mRNAs but result from a ribosomal abnormality. PMID- 6682691 TI - Inhibition of adenylate cyclase by a membrane protein from rat cerebrum. AB - The inhibitor protein of adenylate cyclase was partially purified from detergent extract of rat brain. The inhibition occurred without lag phase. Calmodulin, GTP, guanyl 5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp (NH) p) and forskolin did not change the inhibition, but activities stimulated by NaF or Mn2+ were more resistant for the inhibition. The inhibitor might include an essential sulfhydryl group. PMID- 6682693 TI - Hysterectomy in Manitoba--1970-1978: patterns of practice and changes over time. PMID- 6682694 TI - Cis-platinum induction chemotherapy in the multi-modality initial treatment of advanced stage IV carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Twenty-eight previously untreated patients with unresectable and radical radiotherapy incurable advanced stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck underwent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) induction chemotherapy followed by radiation with 6500 rad to the primary and 5000 rad to the supraclavicular area given over six weeks. Of the 26 patients completing this regimen, none had a complete remission after DDP alone. Following radiation therapy, 39% of the patients had a total regression of all disease. This modality converted 16 patients to operable candidates. After surgery, 68% of the patients were in complete remission. Survival was significantly correlated (P less than or equal to 0.001) with complete disappearance of disease, and surgical intervention was additive to chemotherapy and radiation. Histopathologic staging demonstrated that clinical assessment of residual disease in the neck determined after chemotherapy and radiation of the neck was unreliable. Therefore, radical neck dissection appears indicated in lesions initially staged as N2 and N3 irrespective of the postradiation clinical status of the neck region. Finally, a serious limitation of improved survival duration was the occurrence of disseminated disease in patients whose primary and regional lesions were well controlled. PMID- 6682695 TI - Glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A light and electron microscopic study of five cases. AB - Five cases of glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were examined by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopic features included areas of large cells with ground glass and granular cytoplasm, distinct borders, prominent stromal inflammation, and lack of apparent squamous or glandular differentiation. Two neoplasms were associated with separate foci of squamous cell carcinoma in situ and one with endocervical adenocarcinoma. Electron microscopy showed a predominant cell type with cytoplasmic filaments, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, and large nuclei with complex nucleoli. In some cells there were tonofibrils and well developed desmosomes. The neoplasm of one patient showed poorly developed intracellular lumina. These observations were interpreted to indicate that glassy cell carcinoma is associated with and demonstrates both glandular and squamous differentiation. It is, therefore, properly classified as a type of poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma, which likely develops from the subcylindric reserve cell. The results of this experience reaffirms its poor prognosis. PMID- 6682696 TI - Mutagenic activity and identification of excreted platinum in human and rat urine and rat plasma after administration of cisplatin. AB - Cisplatin and its biotransformation products were analyzed in human and rat urine and in plasma from rats. Analyses were performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Microbial mutagenesis assays were performed on effluents from the chromatographic system. After intravenous administration to man (50 mg/m2) and intravenous and intraperitoneal administration to rats (5-10 mg/kg), platinum was excreted in the urine in a form that co-eluted mainly with cisplatin. Unbound drug in the plasma co-eluted with cisplatin. Furthermore excreted platinum exhibited mutagenic and chemical reactivity similar to that of cisplatin. We conclude that the principal form of free platinum circulating in blood and excreted in urine is cisplatin. PMID- 6682697 TI - Hyperthermia and thermal tolerance in normal and ataxia telangiectasia human cell strains. AB - Three normal human fibroblast strains, two human ataxia telangiectasia heterozygote cell strains, and two human ataxia telangiectasia homozygote cell strains were studied for their thermal responses between 41.0 and 46.0 degrees. The heat sensitivities of all cell strains were comparable, and all cell strains were relatively heat resistant compared to Chinese hamster cells. Both normal and ataxia telangiectasia human cells developed thermal tolerance during heating at temperatures less than or equal to 43 degrees and during incubation at 37 degrees after acute heating at 45.0 degrees. For survival measured down to the 5 to 10% level, heat survival curves for all seven human cell strains lacked shoulders, indicating the inability of such cells to accumulate sublethal heat damage. Analysis of the cell survival curve data by the method of Arrhenius showed that the thermal inactivation energies for human cells were 127 and 230 kcal/mol above and below the break at 43.5 degrees, respectively, and are about the same as for Chinese hamster cells and other animal cells, implying similar mechanisms of heat inactivation. PMID- 6682698 TI - Tumoricidal effects of sodium hexachloroiridate on an ascitic tumor in mice. AB - Sodium hexachloroiridate injected 1 day after i.p. injection of 10(6) mouse ovarian tumor cells prevents the appearance of ascitic tumors in mice. Mice given injections of tumor cells all die at 20 to 30 days after tumor injection. Mice treated with sodium hexachloroiridate after tumor injection either have significant prolongation of life span without ascites or show no evidence of cancer even up to 7 months after tumor injection. PMID- 6682699 TI - Experimental hyperthermic isolation-perfusion using cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II). AB - The intent of this study was to determine whether or not local control and/or cure of rabbits bearing the VX-2 carcinoma could be achieved with regional hyperthermia and chemotherapy. A model of isolation-perfusion used cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (DDP). Five different experimental groups were studied, each group receiving progressively smaller tumor inocula and shorter treatment intervals. Although local control and cure improved as the tumor inocula became smaller and treatment interval became shorter, there was no benefit demonstrated when compared to sham-operated animals. DDP appeared to be well tolerated in animals perfused as normothermic temperatures. However, animals perfused at hyperthermic temperature with DDP experienced necrosis of normal as well as neoplastic tissue, resulting in early demise of the animal. This final observation suggests that the amount of DDP utilized in clinical isolation perfusion should be approached with caution. PMID- 6682700 TI - Loss of tumorigenicity of Lewis lung carcinoma on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo. AB - The Lewis lung carcinoma is a transplantable metastatic tumor of the C57BL mouse strain. When cells derived from this tumor are inoculated onto the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 9- to 11-day-old chick embryos, large tumors are produced. Although most of these tumors contain mouse cells, they can no longer be transplanted either in C57BL mice or on the CAM. Cloned cells obtained from Lewis lung carcinoma grown in vitro produce CAM tumors which are different from those produced by the parental cells in that the former retain some tumorigenic potential in mice. The phenotype associated with the cloned cell populations appears to be stable in vitro and in vivo. Phenotypes similar to those observed when both the parental and the clonal populations of Lewis lung carcinoma cells are grown on the CAM can be reproduced in culture conditions. PMID- 6682701 TI - Evaluation of single-agent cisplatin in the management of non-small cell carcinoma of the lung: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. PMID- 6682702 TI - Paradoxical behavior of 6-mercaptopurine as a cytotoxic agent: decreasing cell kill with increasing drug dose. AB - 9L rat brain tumor cells were continuously exposed to "low" (2.9 microM) and "high" (18 and 35 microM) doses of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP); cell kill was measured with a colony forming efficiency assay. The low dose of 6-MP killed more cells than the high doses, as measured by surviving fraction, when they were treated for greater than 48 hours. Even though the total number of cells increased during the 72-hour treatment period, the number of clonogenic cells decreased most when cells were treated with the low dose of 6-MP. Data obtained with flow cytometry suggest that for the high dose there was a drug-induced block of cells in the G1 phase that prevented them from progression into S phase where they would be killed. PMID- 6682703 TI - Lack of inhibition by oxipurinol of 5-FU toxicity against human tumor cell lines. AB - Allopurinol has been reported to decrease the gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity of 5-FU when administered in a high dose by continuous infusion. The effect of oxipurinol, the major metabolite of allopurinol, on 5-FU cytotoxicity against three human tumor cell lines was studied using a soft agar clonogenic assay. For both WiDR (colon) and T-47 (breast), 5-FU cytotoxicity was greater in the presence of oxipurinol than in its absence. Oxipurinol did not significantly affect 5-FU cytotoxicity against Hec-1A (endometrial). In none of the three lines was a protective effect of oxipurinol noted. PMID- 6682704 TI - Cisplatin for adrenal cortical carcinoma. PMID- 6682705 TI - Effect of triac and beta-adrenergic blocking agents on the myocardium of developing rats. AB - Triiodothyroacetic acid, triac, when given to rats during pregnancy, causes hypertrophy and intracellular disarray in the hearts of their offspring and concurrent treatment with dl propranolol can prevent the latter abnormality. Further experiments have been carried out to test the effect of dl oxprenolol and d propranolol on triac-induced myofibrillar disarray. Administration of dl oxprenolol at the same time as triac prevented disarray but a higher dose than that of dl propranolol was required to produce this effect. Disarray was also prevented by d propranolol. Selective consideration of the membrane stabilising, beta blocking and agonist activities of dl oxprenolol and d and dl propranolol leads to the conclusion that although direct or indirect beta stimulation by triac may play a small part in its disruptive effect on the developing myocardium, its main deleterious action can be blocked by membrane stabilisation. PMID- 6682706 TI - Association of actin and 10 nm filaments with the dense body in smooth muscle cells of the chicken gizzard. AB - Association of actin filaments and intermediate, 10 nm filaments with the dense bodies in smooth muscle cells of the chicken gizzard was studied by thin-section and freeze-etch-replica electron microscopy. For thin-section electron microscopy we used the isolated dense bodies with attached filaments. Actin filaments appeared to be inserted into both ends (poles) of individual oblong dense bodies in such a way that arrowheads with HMM S-1 pointed away from the dense body. 10 nm filaments were attached laterally to the dense body in a side-to-side fashion. This site-specific association of actin and 10 nm filaments with the dense body was confirmed by the freeze-etch replica observations on Triton-treated smooth muscles. PMID- 6682707 TI - Ultrastructure and differentiation of ascidian muscle. II. Differentiation of the caudal muscle cells in the larva of Diplosoma macdonaldi. AB - The larval muscle cells of Diplosoma macdonaldi contain subcortical and medullary myofibrils which are invested by fenestrated sheets of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum are coupled with tubular invaginations of the sarcolemma. To appreciate better such uncommon features of cellular organization, six embryonic stages were selected for an ultrastructural study of myogenesis. The proliferative, synthetic, and elaborative phases of myogenesis were represented by embryos ranging from neurulae to prehatching larvae. The contractile apparatus originates during the synthetic phase of myogenesis, when thick and thin myofilaments appear in the cortical sarcoplasm at the epidermal and notochordal poles of the cell. The myofilaments promptly aggregate into unstriated fascicles, and the fascicles unite in series to establish the rudimentary myofibrils. All major sarcomeric bands, except the Z lines, are evident along the myofibrils. Cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum form peripheral couplings with the overlying sarcolemma, and they also form interior couplings with sarcolemmal invaginations from the ends of the cell. The interior couplings localize over the I-bands of the myofibrils. In the elaborative phase of myogenesis, mitochondria invade the cortical sarcoplasm, and the contractile apparatus passively shifts to the subcortex and medulla of the cell. Relocation of the myofibrils coincides with the disappearance of all peripheral couplings. Cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum anastomose around the myofibrils, creating the fenestrated sheets that extend between sarcomeres. As Z-lines begin to bisect the I-bands, the perifibrillar cisternae become confluent with the cisternae in the precocious interior couplings. PMID- 6682708 TI - Ultrastructural changes in lactating tissue related to the suppression of milk secretion by concanavalin A. AB - The plant lectin, concanavalin A (Con A) suppresses milk secretion when infused into the mammary gland or when incubated with lactating tissue in vitro. Toward defining its mode of action, we infused Con A into rat and goat mammary glands via the teats and observed effects on lactating cells. Lectin dosages were 2 and 25 mg per gland for rats and goat, respectively. Tissue samples were taken 1 and 3 h post infusion for rats and at 24 h for the goat. Control and Con A-treated tissues were observed by light microscopy and by both thin section and freeze fracture electron microscopy. In comparison to controls, Con A-treated tissues of both species exhibited alveoli with enlarged cells and relatively empty lumina; cells were distended with secretory vesicles and fat droplets. Apical plasma membranes of lectin-affected cells of the rat displayed a marked reduction in the number of microvilli, and exhibited an atypical branching and folded structure. Morphometry was employed to quantitate changes in cell and secretory product parameters in both rat and goat tissue. Microtubule numbers and distribution did not appear to be altered by Con A but considerable changes were noted in the arrangement of microfilaments associated with the secretory surface of lectin treated epithelial cells. Various related ultrastructural changes and the role of Con A in perturbing the microfilament system are discussed. PMID- 6682709 TI - Specific antibody formation in mouse spleen. Histology and kinetics of the secondary immune response against HRP. AB - Specific antibody formation in the spleen was described in mice primed subcutaneously with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and boosted intravenously with the same antigen. The first specific antibody-forming cells responding to the booster injection were observed after one day in the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath (PALS). The number and staining intensity of these cells greatly increased subsequently. Between day 3 and 6 after the booster injection a shift was observed in the distribution of antibody-forming cells from the PALS to both the site of entry of the central artery in the PALS and the site where the blood passes via terminal arterioles to the red pulp. Specific antibody-forming cells became highly concentrated in these areas, which constitute the so-called marginal zone bridging channels. After day 6 the number of antibody-forming cells decreased sharply. On the basis of this distribution pattern it was suggested that after subcutaneous priming and intravenous boosting specific antibody forming cells migrate from the popliteal lymph nodes to the spleen and gradually leave the spleen at later stages of the response. Specific antibody-forming cells did not occur in the germinal centers during any stage of the response. PMID- 6682710 TI - Actin in cellular components of the basement membrane of the compound eye of a blowfly. AB - The so-called 'basement membrane' of arthropod compound eyes is known to be of heterogeneous origin (Odselius and Eloffson 1981). A major contribution in Diptera with open rhabdoms is provided by a pigmented component which lies at the basal end of the extracellular space of each ommatidium and fills it, the glial plug. Ancillary components consist of the expanded tips of cone cell processes. Each glial plug exhibits two distinct regions: ramifying processes extend into the extracellular space and contain numerous pigment granules, while proximally the cytoplasm is devoid of granules but packed with bundles of cross-linked microfilaments that bind the fluorescent F-actin probe NBD-phallacidin strongly and antibodies to scallop actin weakly. Cone cell expansions also contain microfilaments and exhibit the same binding properties. The proximal faces of the cells of the glial plugs and of the cone cell expansions are covered with a coarsely fibrillar extracellular matrix. Some actin bundles appear to be attached to the plasma membranes at their ends, although the reality of this arrangement is still in question. Cellular components of the basement membrane are bonded together by their extracellular matrices, so that collectively they provide a reinforced network that retains the retina. Bundles of axons from the photoreceptors and tracheae that supply the retina with tracheoles pass through the spaces in this network. PMID- 6682711 TI - Distinctive subcellular alterations induced by hypertonic stress in sea urchin eggs. AB - Sea urchin eggs continuously exposed to a hypertonic solution were ultrastructurally examined for osmotic-stress induced alterations. No fertilization membranes formed during the treatment and the surface-cortex complexes remained unaltered from the unfertilized state. However, the osmotic stress did induce a number of subcellular changes. During the first 30 minutes of the treatment the eggs formed many endoplasmic reticulum whorls and compacted Golgi body aggregations. Both of these new formations can be correlated with rapid changes in intracellular calcium, known to occur in hypertonic stressed eggs. Aggregations of mitochondria could be observed at later stages; these aggregations can also be related to subcellular stress and possible changes in internal calcium concentrations. The various morphological transitions within the cytoplasm, along with the lack of a cortical reaction in these eggs, not only supports the idea that calcium is released during parthenogenetic activation, but also suggests that this free calcium originates from stores other than the stores that are involved during fertilization or simple artificial activation. PMID- 6682712 TI - A survey of readily available chelators for buffering calcium ion concentrations in physiological solutions. AB - Stability constants are reported for the binding of H+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions to the chelators commonly abbreviated EGTA, EDTA, HEDTA, DPA, NTA, ADA, and citrate, under uniform conditions of physiological temperature and ionic strength. Other compounds usable as calcium buffers are listed. The theoretical and practical considerations that influence the actual pCa attained in a chelator solution are discussed and a Hepes-buffered saline solution is suggested as a standard of "physiological pH". With these figures it is possible to make a rational choice of chelator to control the pCa and pMg of solutions for investigations in cell physiology, drug action, virus reproduction, and ion binding to proteins. PMID- 6682713 TI - A survey of the available colorimetric indicators for Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in biological experiments. AB - The binding of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions to commercially available and easily synthesizable metallochromic indicators has been systematically examined at pH 7.35, temperature 37 degrees C, ionic strength 0.16, the conditions of blood plasma. The pCa and pMg midpoints of the colour changes of all the useful indicators are reported. In addition to the well-known indicators arsenzazo III, chlorophosphonazo III, antipyrylazo III, and murexide for Ca2+, and Eriochrome Black T and Eriochrome Blue SE for Mg2+, we draw attention to the values of oxyacetazo I, carboxyazo III, tropolone, methylthymol blue, Mordant Black 32, and the tetracyclines. PMID- 6682714 TI - Identification of fibrinogen derivatives in the Triton-insoluble residue of human blood platelets. AB - Several proteins (eg. actin, myosin, and actin-binding protein) in the Triton insoluble residue of thrombin-stimulated platelets are important in the formation of cytoskeletal structures. Electrophoretic analyses have shown that unidentified protein bands of 68,000, 55,000, and 48-50,000 daltons are also present in larger amounts after thrombin stimulation. Since these molecular weights correspond roughly to those of the alpha, beta, and gamma chains of fibrin, and since fibrinogen is found in platelet alpha-granules, these bands were compared to those obtained when purified fibrinogen was treated with thrombin, exposed to 1% Triton X-100-5 mM EGTA, and the resultant Triton-insoluble residue sedimented. Identification of the 68,000-, 55,000-, and 48-50,000-dalton bands as fibrinogen derivatives was confirmed by identifying them in comigration studies and in autoradiographs of Triton-insoluble residues of platelets that were electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose paper and treated with antifibrinogen antibody and 125I-protein A. Furthermore, if the platelet suspension was treated with thrombin in the presence of calcium ions, protein bands characteristic of the action of Factor XIII on fibrin were observed, active platelet Factor XIII apparently having been made available by lysis of platelets during preparations. Making use of the electrophoretic properties of tubulin recently described by Best et al [1981], comigration studies using hog brain tubulin indicated that tubulin is not present in significant amounts in the Triton-insoluble residue of platelets as previously suggested. The identification of these proteins as fibrinogen derivatives does not demonstrate a physiological interaction between fibrin and the platelet cytoskeleton, since fibrin is Triton insoluble and can be pelleted even in the absence of platelet cytoskeletons. PMID- 6682715 TI - Further spurious parasitic infestations of man in Zambia. PMID- 6682717 TI - Interaction between embryonic rat superior cervical ganglion and syngeneic heart fragments in a confronting culture. AB - Freshly dissected 17-19 days embryonic superior cervical ganglia are confronted with 0.5 mm diameter heart fragments of the same Wistar rat. Incubation in vitro at 37 degrees C of confronting heart-ganglion pairs is carried out in Dulbecco's medium on a gyratory shaker. Fixation and staining followed after 2 hr, 1, 3 and 6 days of incubation. Histological analysis with light and electron microscopy revealed the interaction between the sympathetic ganglion and its target organ. Ingrowth of axons rich in neurofilaments and neurotubules and containing light and dense core vesicles, is observed. PMID- 6682716 TI - Cellular and humoral IgA responses after single and multiple local injections of antigen. AB - IgA responses in submandibular salivary glands, cervical lymph nodes, and saliva of rats were studied. Immunoglobulin-containing cells of the IgA isotype were examined by immunofluorescence of mononuclear cells isolated from the submandibular salivary glands and cervical lymph nodes after primary and multiple local injections of Streptococcus mutans. Also, salivary and serum antibodies to S. mutans were determined using an ELISA. The results support immunologic memory for the secretory (salivary) IgA system at both the cellular and humoral levels. Comparison of the dynamics of the IgAICC responses among the tissues and secretions after the injection regimes suggests that the cervical lymph nodes may provide an enriched tissue source for secretory IgA responses in the oral cavity. PMID- 6682718 TI - Correlation between chemiluminescence response and rate of zymosan uptake by rat alveolar macrophages. Scanning electron microscope observations. AB - The rate of particle uptake by rat alveolar macrophages (AM) exposed to zymosan (mean number of zymosan particles becoming bound to 100 cells at a fixed time interval) was determined with the aid of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The intensity of the chemiluminescence (CL) emitted by the AM on addition of zymosan, was measured concomitantly. During the whole course of CL emission, all the particles were found to be either attached or engulfed, but not ingested by the AM. A good correlation was obtained between the time dependence of CL intensity and that of the rate of particle uptake, both reaching a peak value at about 5 min after exposure. It is therefore assumed that the CL emitted by AM exposed to zymosan reflects the attachment and engulfment stages of phagocytosis. PMID- 6682719 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase activity correlates with the synthesis of DNA and not of rRNA in developing sea urchins. PMID- 6682720 TI - [Persistance of the structure of the ultimobranchial body in childhood and in unique cases even in adults]. PMID- 6682721 TI - [Urethral duplications in a young girl. Apropos of a case]. AB - One unusual case of urethral duplication in a girl is presented. A case report is given of a female aged 2,5 years presenting with a discharge from a small opening in front of the pubis. Urination was normal and physical examination revealed no abnormalities but this opening. An intravenous pyelogram showed a right pyeloureteral duplication and a cystogram no reflux. Dye injected into the opening revealed a small duct that passed under the pubis and ended on the anterior wall of the bladder. No contrast medium entered the bladder. Through a double approach, all the duct was removed; there was no communication with the bladder. The histologic examination showed an urinary epithelium and concluded in favour of urethral duplication. PMID- 6682722 TI - Triggered ventricular rhythms in 1-day-old myocardial infarction in the dog. AB - Triggered activity developed in depolarized Purkinje fibers (maximum diastolic potential -59.3 +/- 9.9 mV) during superfusion with normal Tyrode's solution in 84% of subendocardial preparations from 1-day-old canine infarct. Triggered activity occurred when a delayed afterdepolarization attained threshold potential and spontaneously terminated after a subthreshold delayed afterdepolarization. Triggered activity was initiated either by stimulated beats or by the background slow Purkinje automaticity. When multiple stimulated beats were required, the amplitude of the afterdepolarization increased and the coupling interval decreased when the stimulation frequency and/or the number of stimulated beats increased. Varying degrees of entrance and exit block around sites of triggered activity were common, and some triggered activity manifested as a parasystolic rhythm. In preparations showing subthreshold delayed afterdepolarizations, both epinephrine (2.5 x 10(-6) M) and increasing [Ca++]o, (from 2.7 to 8.1 mM) increased the amplitude of afterdepolarizations and resulted in triggered activity. On the other hand, verapamil (2.2 x 10(-6) M) resulted in exit block around sites of triggered activity and/or completely suppressed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity. Isochronal mapping of endocardial activation during the initiation and perpetuation of triggered activity elucidated a focal site of origin from Purkinje fibers overlying the infarct and showed no evidence of a circus movement of excitation. The in vitro triggered activity may explain the spontaneous multiform ventricular rhythms seen in the intact heart. PMID- 6682723 TI - The effects of RO-22-4679, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, on ventricular fibrillation induced by coronary artery occlusion in conscious dogs. PMID- 6682724 TI - Heterogeneous morphologic expression of genetically transmitted hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis. PMID- 6682725 TI - Thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy: results of treatment by antithyroid drugs combined with T4. AB - Treatment of thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy with antithyroid drugs plus supplementary T4 is controversial. Data are presented on twenty consecutive pregnancies treated by this method. The mean birth weights of the babies and their gestation did not differ from those of normal controls. Cord blood mean T4 and free T4 index (FT4I) were not significantly different from controls and total T3 and free T3 index (FT3I), though significantly lower than the controls, were all within the normal range. In five babies in whom they were measured, FT3, FT4 and rT3 levels were not significantly different from controls. Cord TSH was significantly higher in the babies of thyrotoxic mothers than in the control babies. One baby had a goitre at birth which disappeared after a few days. Another baby, born euthyroid, developed neonatal thyrotoxicosis the day after birth. Data collected from the literature on this method of treatment are compared with similar data from women treated with antithyroid drugs alone. PMID- 6682727 TI - [Bromocriptine treatment of amenorrhea with hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea]. PMID- 6682726 TI - Erythrocyte Na+, K+ cotransport and blood pressure in identical twins. AB - The erythrocyte Na+, K+ cotransport system was studied in ten pairs of identical twins. Cation fluxes were remarkably similar in each pair of twins, which supports the concept of a genetic determinant for the cotransport system. There was, however, no apparent correlation between cotransport values and the family history of hypertension. PMID- 6682728 TI - European Society of Human Genetics. Abstracts from symposium on "X-linked diseases". Madrid, Spain, September 29-October 2, 1982. PMID- 6682729 TI - The Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: occurrence in two sets of identical twins. PMID- 6682730 TI - Effect of simple sugars on natural killing: evidence against the involvement of a lectin like mechanism in target recognition. AB - The spontaneous lysis of target cells sensitive to natural killer (NK) activity is accomplished in two distinct phases: (i) binding between target and effector cells and (ii) post-binding events leading to target cell destruction. To test the hypothesis that cell surface carbohydrate(s) might be involved in recognitive and/or lytic events, the binding and cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) towards NK sensitive K-562 targets was studied in the presence of simple sugars and after treatment of the targets with the antibiotic, tunicamycin. Lysis by peripheral blood lymphocytes was found to be inhibited by N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine and alpha-methyl mannoside in a dose dependent manner under conditions where neither these sugars nor those (fucose, galactose) which had little effect on lysis inhibited the binding of effector cells to targets. Further, growth of K-562 in tunicamycin (which inhibits N linked glycosylations occurring through the lipid intermediate pathway) with or without subsequent treatment with the enzyme neuraminidase, markedly reduced cell surface expression of sugars monitored by lectin binding. Treated cells showed no loss of NK susceptibility and were frequently more sensitive to lysis. Sugar inhibition profiles were the same as for untreated cells. These data suggest that carbohydrates are not the target sites of NK recognition but that simple sugars may have an inhibitory action at a later stage of the lytic process. PMID- 6682731 TI - Normal gallbladder scintigraphy in acute cholecystitis. AB - Normal gallbladder scintigraphy occurs in 2 to 5% of reported patients with acute cholecystitis. Gallbladder visualization is found in patients with acalculous cholecystitis and in those with recent relief of cystic duct obstruction but persistence of inflammation. A patient is reported who had clinical and pathologic findings of acute cholecystitis but normal gallbladder visualization. This reemphasizes that the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis cannot be excluded by normal gallbladder scintigraphy. PMID- 6682732 TI - Complement (C3) binding to platelets in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. AB - In view of conflicting reports on the occurrence of complement binding to platelets in idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) we performed measurements of platelet bound C3 in patients with AITP who had elevated levels of platelet bound IgG. Using a quantitative antiglobulin consumption technique 38 out of 42 patients were found to have fixed abnormally large amounts of C3 to their platelets, and a significant positive correlation between the amounts of platelet bound IgG and C3 was shown to exist. In additional experiments antibody eluates were prepared from AITP platelets and were shown to cause the fixation of C3 to normal donor platelets in vitro. Taken together these findings strongly suggest that the C3 binding in AITP is specifically related to the disease process. PMID- 6682733 TI - Influence of second-order data filtering on common forced expiration indices. AB - Forced expiratory manoeuvres are extensively recorded using flow meters coupled to pressure transducers, which usually behave like second-order filters. To assess what should be the dynamic characteristics of such equipment for accurate determination of common forced expiration indices, 125 curves were obtained from 25 healthy subjects in the best technical conditions. The flow-time curves were then submitted to various degrees of second-order filtering, and the indices derived from filtered and unfiltered curves were compared. Considering that experimental error is acceptable if it does not exceed 20% of the normal interindividual variability for 95% of the curves, the following conclusion was drawn; with an optimal damping ratio (r) of 0.7, forced expiratory volume in one second, maximum midexpiratory flow rate and maximal expiratory flow at 25% of the forced vital capacity (MEF25) are still correctly measured when the resonant frequency (fn) is as low as 3 Hz. The corresponding figures are 5 Hz for MEF50, 20 Hz for peak expiratory flow rate and above 20 Hz for MEF75. Higher values of fn are usually required when r is higher or lower than 0.7. PMID- 6682734 TI - Effects of externally applied compression on blood flow in the human dependent leg. AB - In healthy humans placed in a horizontal position, venous transmural pressure was increased from about 10 to 45 mmHg in the mid-calf region by lowering the leg below heart level. This increase in vascular transmural pressure evoked a vasoconstrictor response, as 133Xe-measured blood flow was reduced by 56% (P less than 0.01) in subcutaneous tissue and by 31% (P less than 0.01) in skeletal muscle, when recorded at the same mid-calf level. The tissue pressure in the dependent leg was elevated stepwise by inflation of a standard whole leg cuff. The vasoconstrictor response was still present when the cuff was inflated to 10 mmHg, but absent in both tissues when external pressures between 20-40 mmHg were applied. The results suggest that the observed absence of vasoconstriction can be ascribed to inhibition of the local veno-arteriolar reflex mechanism. External pressures exceeding 40 mmHg reduced blood flow in both tissues. External pressures of 60 mmHg reduced blood flow by 45% (P less than 0.01) in subcutaneous tissue and by 19% (P less than 0.02) in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, the vasoconstrictor response evoked in the dependent leg is qualitatively similar, but quantitatively different in the two tissues, possibly due to a difference in basal vascular tone. The vascular adjustments to external compression of the dependent leg is similar in the two tissues at low external pressures (0-40 mmHg), but different at high pressures, the latter probably due to a difference in vessel collapsibility in the compressed tissues. PMID- 6682735 TI - Adaptation of human skeletal muscle to endurance training of long duration. AB - The aim of this study was to examine the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to dynamic training of long duration and low intensity. The response of m. triceps brachii, (TB) and m. quadriceps femoris, vastus lateralis (VL) to training of long duration at an intensity corresponding to approximately 45% of VO2 max, has been studied in six subjects. Muscle specimens were taken during training (18.5 miles (30 km)), which involved skiing with a backpack, (6 days/week, 8 weeks), as well as during a subsequent period of detraining (33 weeks). Increases in oxidative enzyme activities and capillarization during training were limited to the TB. There were parallel increases in citrate synthase (CS) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) during the first 3 weeks of training (30%). CS then continued to rise (to 90% above pretraining level), while the increase in MDH levelled off. The activity of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HAD) and the number of capillaries per fibre increased by 50% and 40% respectively. A selective decrease (12%) in area of fibre type IIA was noted during training after a 2-week period of energy deficiency. During the first 6 weeks of detraining, the decrease in CS and HAD (30%) was greater than the decrease in capillaries per fibre (14%). It is concluded that prolonged duration of training is not, in itself, sufficient to elicit an adaptive response in the leg muscles, while a modest training effect was seen for the arm muscles. The finding emphasizes the importance of adequate intensity in physical training programmes. PMID- 6682736 TI - Studies on kinetics of albumin in uraemic patients on chronic haemodialysis: evidence of interstitial albumin wash-down. AB - Albumin-kinetic studies were performed in nine uraemic patients without oedema on chronic haemodialysis and in seven normal controls in order to determine microvascular leakiness and thereby, during steady state, lymph drainage of albumin. Transvascular escape rate of albumin [TERalb i.e. the fraction of intravascular mass (IVMalb) passing into, or returning from, the extravascular space per unit time] and the distribution ratio (DRalb) between IVMalb and total albumin mass were determined from intravenously injected radioiodinated serum albumin. Before haemodialysis, TERalb was significantly elevated (mean 9 X 6% IVMalb h-1, range 5 X 9-14) as compared to the value 15 h after haemodialysis (mean 7 X 3, range 5 X 2-11, P less than 0 X 02) and to controls (mean 5 X 9, range 4 X 3-7 X 4, P less than 0 X 01). Average DRalb (mean 0 X 54, range 0 X 44 0 X 69) was clearly elevated in patients with respect to controls (mean 0 X 44, range 0 X 42-0 X 48, P less than 0 X 01), and the extravascular mass of albumin was significantly decreased (mean 27 X 9 mumol kg-1, range 14.1 - 41.2 v. mean 35.9, range 27.1 - 43.8, P less than 0.05). We interpret the results as to indicate increased transvascular filtration of albumin in microcirculatory beds with permeable capillaries (splanchnic organs), in between the haemodialysis treatment, and filtration of protein-poor fluid in areas with 'tight' capillaries (skeletal muscle, cutis) resulting in interstitial space protein depletion here. As the patients were considered to be in steady state during the measurements, the increased TERalb indicates increased lymph flux of albumin. The interstitial space protein 'wash-down' and increased lymph drainage probably serve as oedema prevention. PMID- 6682737 TI - Permselectivity of the liver blood-lymph (ascitic fluid) barrier to macromolecules in decompensated cirrhosis: relation to calculated pore-size. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate permselectivity of the liver blood-lymph (ascitic fluid) barrier to endogeneous marcomolecules in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Albumin (mol wt 69,000), immunoglobulin-G (mol wt 160,000) and immunoglobulin-M (mol wt 900,000) were determined in plasma and ascitic fluid from 13 cirrhotic patients. As previously substantiated in patients with cirrhosis, the ascitic fluid/plasma concentration ratio (R) of a protein is proportional to the transport rate from blood to lymph (ascitic fluid). Mean Ralb = 0.28 and RIgG = 0.29 were identical, but significantly higher than, RIgM = 0.18 (P less than 0.01). Ralb was directly correlated to RIgG (r = 0.97, P less than 0.001) and to RIgM (r = 0.78, P less than 0.005). Mean RIgG/Ralb = 1.03, which expresses the relative flux rates between IgG and albumin, was significantly above the ratio between the free diffusion coefficients (DIgG/Dalb = 0.64, P less than 0.01). Mean RIgM/Ralb = 0.61 was significantly above DIgM/Dalb = 0.39 (P less than 0.05) and significantly below unity (P less than 0.01). The results are best explained by filtration as the dominant mechanism of the liver blood-lymph (ascitic fluid) exchange of endogeneous macromolecules. A significant 'sieving' is present in this barrier to the largest macromolecule (IgM). Calculations of pore-size equivalent to the observed permselectivity of macromolecules suggest microvascular gaps (or channels) with an average radius about 300 A, i.e. in the lower end of the range of gaps in normal liver sinusoids (from 200 to 5000 A). PMID- 6682739 TI - Splanchnic galactose uptake in patients with cirrhosis during continuous infusion. AB - The galactose elimination capacity (GEC) is considered a test of functional liver cell mass. The main uncertainties of the method are the effects of extrahepatic elimination and of uneven distribution in the body on the calculated maximal elimination rate of galactose. This has been evaluated by hepatic and renal venous catheterization during continuous infusion of galactose at two arterial concentration levels (mean 6.0 and 8.7 mmol l-1) in 10 patients with reduced liver function. Hepatic and renal blood flow were measured by constant infusions of Indocyanine Green and 131I Hippuran. Hepatic galactose elimination rate was identical (mean 1.36 and 1.32 mmol min-1, P greater than 0.4) at the two arterial concentration levels studied, indicating that hepatic galactose elimination rate was maximal (Vmax). The total body galactose elimination rate, calculated as amount infused during steady state, was 1.4 times greater than the hepatic elimination rate, calculated as arterio-hepatic venous concentration difference times hepatic blood flow. Within the experimental error, the extrahepatic (i.e. total minus hepatic) galactose elimination could be accounted for by renal elimination. The steady state studies show that the galactose elimination capacity, estimated from single injection, overestimates the hepatic Vmax by about 25%. The reason for this is probably mainly distribution phenomena and insufficient correction for urinary loss, but extrahepatic metabolism of galactose cannot be excluded. PMID- 6682738 TI - Splanchnic galactose uptake in patients with cirrhosis following single injection. AB - The galactose elimination capacity is used as a quantitative liver function test and is supposed to express the functioning liver cell mass. Clinical observations indicate, however, that the galactose elimination capacity overestimates functioning liver cell mass, and we therefore compare hepatic (splanchnic) and extrahepatic, extrarenal galactose elimination after a single injection of galactose in 23 patients with reduced liver function. The galactose elimination capacity was consistently greater than the hepatic (splanchnic) galactose elimination rate, estimated during liver vein catheterization. The difference was on the average 0.68 mmol min-1 (SD +/- 0.19, P less than 0.001) or about 40% of the galactose elimination capacity. If this difference, partly or fully, is due to extrahepatic extrarenal elimination, the clinical test for galactose elimination needs a correction (of the order of magnitude of 0.7 mmol min-1) to serve as an absolute measure of the hepatic functional capacity, but since the hepatic uptake rate may be underestimated following a single injection, the correction may be smaller. PMID- 6682741 TI - Effect of digoxin on physical performance in healthy man. AB - The effect of digoxin on the maximal oxygen uptake, the heart rate reaction during submaximal and maximal bicycle exercise and the isokinetic skeletal muscle strength in the thigh was investigated in nine well-trained healthy young men. A daily dose of digoxin of 0.50 mg for 2 weeks, giving a steady state serum digoxin concentration of 1.0 +/- 0.2 nmol/l, did not significantly change maximal oxygen uptake or isokinetic muscle strength. However, the heart rate at rest and during exercise, both at submaximal and maximal levels, decreased significantly during digoxin administration. PMID- 6682740 TI - Calcium metabolism evaluated by 47calcium-kinetics: a physiological model with correction for faecal lag time and estimation of dermal calcium loss. AB - Sixty-two calcium balance and 47Ca-turnover studies were performed in 51 individuals to evaluate the accuracy and the sensitivity of the methods. The data were analysed according to a modification of the expanding calcium pool model using an improved Bauer-Carlsson-Lindquist (BCL) formulation and an iterative computer procedure. A 7-day whole body retention curve (R1) combined with a retention curve constructed from excretion data alone (R2) was used to estimate dermal calcium loss (d) and to demonstrate the significance of individual corrections for delay in faecal excretion (faecal lag time = delta t). The mean d was 1.58 mmol Ca/day. The introduction of delta t improved the goodness of fit of the data to the model. delta t based on 47Ca-kinetics was superior to a fixed delta t of zero (P less than 0.01) or 2 days (P less than 0.05). The model derived renal calcium excretion rate was highly correlated (r = 0.98, P less than 0.001) to the chemical measured excretion rate. A similar highly significant correlation [RS = 0.78 (Spearman), P less than 0.001] was found between the model derived delta t and the carmine red delta t. These results indicate a high accuracy of the model. The directly measured parameters showed an excellent reproducibility with a coefficient of variation (CV) less than 4%. The reproducibility of the derived parameters was acceptable (CV = 10-20%) except for the balance (CV = 72%). PMID- 6682742 TI - Studies on the categorization of speech by infants. PMID- 6682744 TI - Aztreonam: a new concept in beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6682743 TI - Genetic influences on the development of spatial skills during early adolescence. PMID- 6682745 TI - Permeability of chicken egg vitelline membrane to glucose, carbohydrate gradients between albumen and yolk. AB - 1. In the fertile chicken egg the albumen had higher carbohydrate concentration than the yolk with the highest concentration in the vicinity of the vitelline and shell membranes. 2. The mean half-life of glucose in the albumen was 18 hr during the first day of incubation. 3. Vitelline membrane was found to be freely permeable to glucose both from albumen to yolk and from yolk to albumen. 4. The amount of carbohydrate strongly linked to protein (glycoprotein) is similar in yolk and albumen. 5. There is an in vivo as well as in vitro fixation of free glucose by the albumen proteins. 6. Most carbohydrate of the fertile chicken egg was found to be loosely-linked to protein. PMID- 6682746 TI - Acute hemiplegia in childhood with the occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery. AB - Two cases of acute hemiplegia with the occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery were reported in children. Both patients were low-birth-weight infants with a history of febrile convulsions. Cerebral edema due to prolonged seizures was considered to be an etiologic factor of the occlusion of posterior cerebral artery. When the seizure is focal or the patient has perinatal difficulty, febrile convulsions should be treated carefully, as the possibility of epilepsy exists. PMID- 6682748 TI - Alopecia. III. Diffuse hair loss (nonscarring). PMID- 6682749 TI - [The use of an intestinal segment in treating a very complex urinary fistula]. PMID- 6682747 TI - Changes of plasminogen activator in human uterine tissue induced by intrauterine contraceptive devices. AB - Potassium thiocyanate-extractable uterine plasminogen activator activity was determined to be highest in the endometrium surrounding intrauterine devices (IUDs). Such activity was significantly higher than that encountered in control endometrium or in the endometrium remote to IUDs. As in control cases, extracted endometrial activity fluctuated during the intermenstrual ovarian cycle. It was highest in the pre- or periovulation part of the cycle, and it rose again prior to menstruation. These peaks of activity seem to correspond to times in the cycle when metrorrhagia and abnormal menstruation are usually encountered. Possible implications of the myometrial and endometrial patterns of plasminogen activator in control and IUD-exposed uterine tissue are discussed. PMID- 6682751 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic portography in the dog. PMID- 6682750 TI - Early-morning hyperglycemia in diabetic individuals treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. AB - Significantly early-morning hyperglycemia was observed in insulin-dependent diabetic individuals who were otherwise well controlled while receiving a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) at standard doses. We measured the levels of the five key counterregulatory hormones (CRH) throughout the night for a total of 10 patient-nights in four such patients. No abnormalities in the patterns of glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, epinephrine, or norepinephrine secretion were observed. Stepping up the daytime basal infusion rate in six affected patients before bedtime by 37.0 +/- 7.5% and maintaining the increased infusion until breakfast significantly blunted this early-morning hyperglycemia without causing significant early nighttime hypoglycemia. Plasma glucose concentrations before breakfast averaged 106.8 +/- 13.0 mg/dl after increase of the overnight basal infusion rate as compared with 269.8 +/- 39.1 mg/dl while receiving a single basal rate over 24 h (P less than 0.02). Thus, the "dawn phenomenon" may occur in patients receiving CSII by an unmodified algorithm and may be obviated by a carefully determined step-up in nocturnal basal infusion rate. The mechanism responsible for this phenomenon of increased early-morning insulin need remains to be elucidate. PMID- 6682752 TI - Neonatal water metabolism: an objective postnatal index of intrauterine fetal growth. AB - The water metabolism of 103 newborn babies was determined over the first 10 postnatal days, by measuring water turnover rates by means of an isotope dilution technique. This technique involves the oral administration of the non-radioactive isotope of water, 2H2O, and the measurement of its urinary excretion by infrared spectrophotometry. The slope of the excretion curve after equilibration with the infant's body water was mathematically expressed as the rate constant. Using multiple obstetric and paediatric criteria, the babies were clinically classified into one of three categories, fully grown ("normal'), borderline or clearly growth retarded. The median values of the rate constants X 10(4) (h-1) for the three groups were 73.3, 85.9 and 100.2 and were highly significantly different from each other (P less than 0.0005) with no overlap of the 97% non-parametric confidence limits of each group. Neonatal water turnover increased with the clinical degree of intrauterine fetal growth retardation and within the limits of this study, this finding was unaffected by gestational age, birth weight or the neonatal environment. The results suggest that neonatal water metabolism is an objective postnatal index of fetal growth retardation. PMID- 6682753 TI - Factors affecting the duration of breast feeding: 2. Early feeding practices and social class. AB - Breast milk intake by babies on the third and the sixth postpartum day was measured by a test-weigh procedure in a group of 47 mothers and babies. Women who gave the largest amount of breast milk to their babies on the third postpartum day continued to breast feed for longer than women who gave smaller amounts. These mothers also suckled most frequently, gave least additional fluid to their babies, and their infants regained their birth weight most rapidly. However, an increased early milk intake and duration of breast feeding were both associated with higher social class. These results suggest that, although practices in the initiation of breast feeding are relevant, factors in the background and environment of the mother are also of fundamental importance. Thus recent emphasis on the importance of breast-feeding practices in the immediate puerperium should not divert attention from the equally important task of establishing the optimum conditions for breast feeding in the home environment of mothers. PMID- 6682754 TI - Androgen and progestin stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in the mouse kidney. AB - This study was designed to characterize mouse kidney ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity as an androgenic end point and to use ODC activity to detect an androgenic effect of antiandrogens. Enzyme activity was not affected by freezing the whole kidney or the 15,000 X g supernatant for up to 7 days. ODC activity in female mice had a diurnal variation that peaked at midday. This diurnal variation did not affect the androgenic response of ODC. Enzyme activity was lower in females than in males and, in both sexes, could be induced further to similar levels with testosterone treatment. A single dose of crystalline testosterone induced a marked increase in activity, which peaked sharply, up to 100-fold above baseline, 12-17 h after treatment. Enzyme activity could be maintained with continued treatment for at least 28 days and reached levels up to 1,000-fold above baseline. The response was specific for androgens and required a functional androgen receptor. Other hormones had permissive effects. The early androgen stimulated response (less than 24 h) was partially diminished by hypophysectomy. Propylthiouracil reduced both early and chronic responses. Genetic factors were also involved. The testosterone-stimulated response of C57BL/6J mice was consistently approximately half that of DBA/2J mice. Using this very specific and sensitive increase in ODC activity as an end point, we did not detect an androgenic response to treatment with the antiandrogens, cyproterone acetate (6 chloro - 17 alpha - acetoxyl - 1,2 alpha - methylene - 4,6- pregnadiene- 3,20 dione) and flutamide (4'-nitro-3'-trifluoromethylisobutyranilide), despite an increase in RNA polymerase activity. The functionality of the polymerase activity induced by antiandrogens thus remains in question. These data suggest that mouse renal ODC activity can be a useful tool for future study of androgen action at the physiological and molecular level. PMID- 6682755 TI - Estrogenic stimulation of the antiestrogen specific binding site in rat uterus and liver. AB - Tamoxifen and other antiestrogens bind to the estrogen receptor and to a specific antiestrogen binding site (AEBS). We have confirmed the existence of an AEBS by saturation and competitive binding analyses with [3H]tamoxifen as the radiolabeled ligand. The quantities of AEBS (pmol/g tissue) present in a low speed cytosol (25,000 X g X 30 min) of the liver and uterus vary with species and physiological state: liver, mature female rat, 82.7 +/- 6.7; ovariectomized mature rat, 46.1 +/- 2.9; immature female rat, 40.0 +/- 1.8; mature male rat, 57.3 +/- 2.7; and mature female mouse, 63.0 +/- 5.0; uterus, mature rat, 17.9 +/- 1.7; ovariectomized mature rat, 13.3 +/- 0.5; immature rat, 8.2 +/- 0.8; and mature mouse, 49.0 +/- 2.1. The dissociation constants did not differ significantly in any of the cases and were 1.5 and 2.5 nM for the liver and uterus, respectively. Developmental studies demonstrated that the liver AEBS gradually increases in both sexes from 21.0 pmol/g at birth to their respective adult levels with the only divergence occurring approximately at the time of puberty. The AEBS concentration also varied with the stage of the estrous cycle [highest at estrus (20.6 +/- 1.8) and metestrus (91.7 +/- 5.9) for the uterus and liver, respectively, and lowest at diestrus (uterus, 15.9 +/- 0.2; liver, 60.2 +/ 4.1)]. Furthermore, estradiol treatment of ovariectomized rats significantly increased both liver and uterine AEBS levels, whereas tamoxifen increased uterine AEBS concentration although having no significant effect on the level of these sites in liver. These results demonstrate the presence of a cytosolic AEBS in the liver and uterus which is distinct from the estrogen receptor and appears to be under estrogenic regulation. PMID- 6682756 TI - Comparable surges of luteinizing hormone induced by preoptic or medial basal tuberal electrical stimulation in spontaneously persistent estrous or cyclic proestrous rats. AB - A previous report demonstrated in cyclic proestrous rats electrically stimulated in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) or the arcuate nucleus-median eminence (ARC/ME) region a close parallel in the progressive increase of serum LH with increasing stimulation time. The present report compares the LH surges induced in middle aged spontaneously persistent estrous (SPE) rats by electrical stimulation of the two regions. Electrical parameters were those previously used. In Series I, MPOA stimulation of SPE rats for 60 min or ARC/ME stimulation for 45 min produced serum LH concentrations 60 and 90 min after stimulation began that were essentially identical to those in proestrous rats similarly treated. In Series II, stimulations were prolonged to 120 min to determine whether LH would continue to rise with the longer stimulation. These rats were all chosen from one shipment and all were born on the same day. Sequential blood samples were taken before stimulation and 60, 90, 120, and 150 min after stimulation began. SPE rats were stimulated in either the MPOA or the ARC/ME and, for comparison, a few proestrous rats that had remained cyclic were stimulated in the MPOA. LH concentrations in these cyclic rats rose more abruptly than in the previous study to amounts significantly higher at both 60 and 90 min, but by 120 min the respective means were not significantly different. In the SPE rats, the 60-min LH levels resembled those in Series I. They continued to rise during the second hour, but only to average levels approximately half those attained in proestrous rats stimulated for 120 min. The comparative increments in MPOA-stimulated and ARC/ME-stimulated rats were similar, although all means in the latter were somewhat higher. The results agree with previous indications that stimulation of either the MPOA or the ARC/ME activates the rostral or caudal portions of a unitary preoptic-tuberal system. Although the tendency of SPE rats to release smaller amounts of LH may result from age-related lowered pituitary responsiveness to LHRH, only future study can determine whether a given degree of preoptic-tuberal stimulation releases equivalent amounts of LHRH in SPE and proestrous rats. Nevertheless, the absence of spontaneous LH surges in SPE points to a primary deficiency in control mechanisms impinging on the preoptic-tuberal system or in its responsiveness thereto. PMID- 6682757 TI - Molecular interactions in intermediate-sized filaments revealed by chemical cross linking. Heteropolymers of vimentin and glial filament protein in cultured human glioma cells. AB - Certain glia cells, notably astrocytes and tumor cells derived therefrom, express simultaneously two types of proteins of intermediate-sized filaments, vimentin and glia filament protein (GFP). We have used an established human glioma (astrocytoma) cell culture line (U 333 CG/343 MG) in which both proteins are seen in partly overlapping fibrillar structures by immunofluorescence microscopy, to examine the possible existence of heteropolymer filaments of these two proteins by using reversible oxidative cross-linking facilitated by the 1,10 phenanthroline-cupric ion complex. Dimeric cross-link products are characterized by one-dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis under non-reducing and reducing conditions as well as by peptide mapping. The relatively large proportions of heterodimers of vimentin and GFP obtained in cytoskeletal filaments cross-linked in this way, demonstrate the frequency of heteropolymer filaments in this cell as well as the frequency of face-to-face 'pairs' of GFP and vimentin in such filaments. Together with our related observations on heteropolymer filaments between vimentin and desmin in some smooth muscle cells [Quinlan, R. A. and Franke, W. W. (1982) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 79, 3452 3456], we discuss this as evidence for common principles of molecular arrangements of vimentin, GFP and desmin, at least in the cysteine-containing surface domains. The results are also discussed in relation to cytoskeletal changes during glial differentiation. PMID- 6682758 TI - Regulation of citrate efflux from mitochondria of oleaginous and non-oleaginous yeasts by adenine nucleotides. AB - The regulation of mitochondrial citrate metabolism has been investigated in oleaginous and non-oleaginous yeasts to ascertain its importance in controlling the rate of citrate efflux from mitochondria. The following observations were made: 1. Citrate efflux from mitochondria of the oleaginous yeast Candida curvata D, in the presence of L-malate and pyruvate, was stimulated by adding ATP and reduced by AMP. In the non-oleaginous yeast, Candida utilis 359, there was very little stimulation of citrate efflux by ATP but it was reduced by AMP. These effects appeared to be generalized as similar results were obtained in an examination of eight further yeasts (seven oleaginous and one non-oleaginous). 2. The effects of ATP and AMP were not observed in mitochondria whose metabolism had been inhibited by antimycin A and rotenone indicating the direct regulation of the citrate translocase was not involved. 3. In C. curvata D, ATP increased the total mitochondrial citrate content and reduced that of 2-oxoglutarate whereas AMP had the reverse effect. In C. utilis 359, AMP had a similar effect but that of ATP was much smaller. 4. To explain these observations the mitochondrial NAD+ dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase was studied in a number of yeasts. The enzyme from oleaginous yeasts had a requirement for AMP for activity and was inhibited by ATP. In non-oleaginous yeasts the enzyme was active in the absence of AMP and increased in activity as the isocitrate concentration increased. 5. The enzyme in C. curvata D was constantly more sensitive to increasing energy charge than that of the non-oleaginous yeast. These results indicate that the supply of citrate (and hence acetyl-CoA) to the cytosol is controlled by the activity of the intramitochondrial NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase which in turn is regulated by adenine nucleotides. The sensitivity of this enzyme to the ATP/AMP ratio during lipogenesis is therefore an important control in the accumulation of lipid by yeasts. PMID- 6682759 TI - Regulation of citrate efflux from mitochondria of oleaginous and non-oleaginous yeasts by long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters. AB - 1. Citrate efflux from a wide range of yeast mitochondria was inhibited by long chain fatty-acyl-CoA esters. 2. Fatty-acyl-CoA esters with chain lengths of between 14 and 18 carbons were the most potent inhibitors of citrate efflux which was unaffected by the fatty acids themselves. 3. 50% inhibition of citrate transport was observed using palmitoyl-CoA and oleoyl-CoA at approx. 4-5 microM when the tricarboxylate carrier was saturated with L-malate as counter-anion. 4. The inhibition with palmitoyl-CoA and oleoyl-CoA was competitive with L-malate. 5. The possibility that the fatty-acyl-CoA esters were exerting their effect by acting as detergent was eliminated because of the low concentrations used and appropriate comparisons being made with non-specific detergents. Although detergents inhibited citrate efflux they also released citrate by causing membrane damage. 6. The effect of fatty-acyl-CoA esters on citrate efflux could be decreased by using higher mitochondrial protein levels and by adding bovine serum albumin. 7. The possibility is discussed that this inhibition represents a genuine feedback inhibition which could regulate the amount of lipid being synthesized by an oleaginous yeast. PMID- 6682760 TI - Purification and characterization of a melanoma cell plasminogen activator. AB - The plasminogen activator from a human melanoma cell line was purified with immunoadsorption as a major step. The cells were cultured in the presence of aprotinin in order to avoid proteolysis. A three-step purification involved adsorption on antibodies to porcine tissue plasminogen activator before chromatographies on arginine-Sepharose and Sephadex G-150. All solvents contained Tween-80 (0.01%) and, except for the last step, aprotinin. The final product had a specific activity of about 220000 IU/mg measured against the WHO urokinase standard. The activator obtained has an apparent Mr of 72000 and consists of single-chain molecules. Evidence was obtained that four different types of activator variants occur. First and known previously, the one-chain form can be proteolytically cleaved into a two-chain form. Secondly, both the one-chain and two-chain molecules exhibit two forms with molecular weight differences of about 3000 (possibly due to carbohydrate differences). Thirdly, the one-chain preparations contain two variants, each constituting about 50% of the material and differing in length by three N-terminal amino acids. Finally, a possible positional microheterogeneity was detected. Digestion with plasmin yields the two chain form with disulfide-bonded polypeptide chains, 'A' and 'B' (from the N terminal and C-terminal parts, respectively). At the same time, the variability of the original N terminus is removed. The A chain keeps the two Mr variants (now about 40000 and 37000, respectively). The B chain (Mr about 33000) contains the active site of the molecule, as demonstrated by labelling with [3H]diisopropyl phosphofluoridate, and is homologous to the enzymatically active chains of thrombin, plasmin and other serine proteases. In contrast to these enzymes, the plasminogen activator is enzymatically active in the one-chain form. A speculative explanation for this activity may possibly be the presence of an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue at a position close to the bond cleaved in the two-chain form. PMID- 6682761 TI - Antibody to thymus myosin: its immunological characterization and use for immunocytochemical localization of myosin in vertebrate nonmuscle cells. AB - Thymus myosin differs immunologically from smooth muscle and striated muscle myosin isoenzymes. In the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay a moderate degree of cross reaction was observed between anti-thymus myosin and myosin from chicken gizzard (about 50% of the titer of the homologous reaction). In contrast, the cross reactivity between thymus myosin and antibodies to gizzard myosin was very low (about 5%) and no significant cross reaction was observed between thymus myosin and antibodies to striated muscle myosin and vice versa (below 1%). Antibodies to thymus myosin were further distinguished from antibodies to gizzard and striated muscle myosin by their reaction with both smooth muscle and a very broad spectrum of vertebrate nonmuscle cells. Nonmuscle cells reacting with anti thymus myosin included (1) cell types which did not display any detectable affinity for anti-gizzard myosin (e.g. lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leucocytes, vascular endothelium, adrenal chromaffine cells) and (2) cell types which reacted with anti-gizzard myosin as well (e.g. intestinal epithelial brush border, thymic epithelial cells, liver cells and stress fibres of cultured cells). These results illustrate, that anti-thymus myosin is a potent tool for investigating the intracellular localization of myosin in most if not all vertebrate nonmuscle cells. With respect to lymphatic tissue the present findings indicate that lymphocyte maturation appears to be accompanied by an increased level of expression of myosin and filamentous actin (the latter was visualized by labelled phalloidin). On the ultrastructural level, gold labelled antibodies to thymus myosin bound preferentially to the head region of in vitro assembled thymus myosin filaments. In cultured cells (PtK1) the antibodies showed a particular affinity for stress fibre densities, and in lymphocytes the anti-myosin label (immunoperoxidase) displayed a more or less diffuse distribution which was similar to the distribution of actin filaments (identified by decoration with heavy meromyosin). PMID- 6682762 TI - Comparison of the three-dimensional organization of unextracted and Triton extracted human neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - The three-dimensional organization of the cytoplasm of randomly migrating neutrophils was studied by stereo high-voltage electron microscopy. Examination of whole-mount preparations reveals with unusual clarity the structure of the cytoplasmic ground substance and cytoskeletal organization; similar clarity is not observed in conventional sections. An extensive three-dimensional network of fine filaments (microtrabeculae) approximately 7 to 17 nm in diameter extends throughout the cytoplasm and between the two cell cortices; it also comprises the membrane ruffles and filopodia. The granules are dispersed within the lattice and are surrounded by microtrabeculae. The lattice appears to include dense foci from which the microtrabeculae emerge. Triton X-100 dissolves the plasma membrane, most of the granules, and many of the microtrabecular strands and leaves as a more stable structure a cytoskeletal network composed of various filaments and microtubules. Heavy meromyosin-subfragment 1 (S1) decoration discloses actin filaments as the major filamentous component present in membrane ruffles and filopodia. Actin filaments, extending from the leading edge of the cells, are of uniform polarity, with arrowheads pointing towards the cell body. Likewise, the filaments forming the core of filopodia have the barbed end distal. End-to-side associations of actin filaments as well as fine filaments (2--3 nm) which are not decorated with S1 and link actin filaments are observed. The ventral cell cortex includes numerous substrate-associated dense foci with actin filaments radiating from the dense center. Virtually all the microtubules extend from the centrosome. An average of 35 +/- 7 microtubules originate near the pair of centrioles and radiate towards the cell periphery; microtubule fragments are rare. Intermediate filaments form an open network of single filaments in the perinuclear space. Comparison of Triton-extracted and unextracted cells suggest that many of the filamentous strands seen in unextracted cells have as a core a stable actin filament. PMID- 6682763 TI - The native structure of dinoflagellate chromosomes and their stabilization by Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations. AB - Native chromosomes from the primitive dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans were isolated without recourse to chemicals from purified nuclei frozen in liquid nitrogen. Thawing of the nuclear suspension resulted in the disruption of nuclear membrane, and the released chromosomes were incubated in various conditions or directly observed by electron microscopy after spreading. (1) Observations of whole mounted chromosomes confirmed that they were organized in a double-helical bundle of chromosomal fibers. (2) Investigations of these high-ordered chromosomal fibers at high magnification revealed helical compaction of nucleofilaments in a hierarchy of six organization levels (from the DNA to the double helical bundle forming the chromosome). (3) This peculiar architecture was shown to be stabilized mainly by divalent cations; the behavior of native chromosomes incubated in a low concentration of either EDTA or EGTA strongly suggested that the chromosome has two different cation sites, one for Ca2+ and the other for Mg2+. PMID- 6682764 TI - Organization of actin filaments during polar body formation in eggs of Tubifex (Annelida, Oligochaeta). AB - Microfilaments in the Tubifex egg undergoing polar body formation can be decorated with heavy meromyosin (HMM). Since the HMM-arrowheads on filaments are dissociated by rinsing with ATP, they are identified as actin filaments. From metaphase through telophase of the second meiotic division, actin filaments are present in the cortex and in the meiotic apparatus. Consistent with the previous observations [26, 27], cortical filaments show stage-specific localization patterns. At metaphase the thick filamentous layer is localized at the animal pole, that means the region overlying the peripheral aster of the meiotic apparatus; filaments are organized in a meshwork. Upon the onset of anaphase chromosome movement, the filament meshwork mostly disappears and the remaining filaments are found to be solitary. Surrounding the animal pole region, but not extending over the animal pole, more and more filaments reappear during anaphase. As the polar body forms at the animal pole, filaments surrounding its base are organized into small bundles which are oriented randomly. By early telophase these filaments come to run circumferentially in the cortical layer (i.e. they form the contractile ring) engirding the cleavage furrow which develops at the base of the polar body. In the remaining cortex, filaments run along the surface and are oriented randomly. At all stages, adjacent filaments are often found to have opposite polarities; in favorable sections, HMM-decorated filaments appear to attach to the oolemma. The mechanism underlying the filament alignment of the contractile ring is discussed in relation to formation of the polar body. PMID- 6682765 TI - Effect of calcium on the morphology of human platelets spread on glass substrates. AB - The morphology of human platelets spread on glass substrates is sensitive to the presence of calcium. In the absence of Ca2+, cells spread from buffered salt solution develop radially oriented filopodia and subsequently a broad hyalomere surrounding the central region of the cell from which granules are frequently exocytosed. In the presence of Ca2+ cell rounding and apparent withdrawal from the substrate occurs. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy of cells rounded in the presence of Ca2+ show fibrous elements connecting the cells to the substratum as well as adherent to the substrate in the vicinity of the rounded cells. Interference reflection microscope (IRM) images of these cells are heterogeneous: some contain small discrete darker regions suggesting the presence of focal specializations at the ventral cell surface. In contrast IRM images of cells spread in the absence of Ca2+ indicate predominantly broad areas of unspecialized contact with the substrate in agreement with TEM observations. These results suggest that Ca2+ may enhance platelet-substrate adhesion by initially promoting the formation of focal specializations which become more pronounced as cell rounding occurs possibly due to Ca2+ activation of an actomyosin-based contractile mechanism. PMID- 6682766 TI - Near-neighbor analysis of spindle microtubules in the alga Ochromonas. AB - The near-neighbor spacing of microtubules (MTs) in the spindle of the alga Ochromonas is analyzed. The technique of near-neighbor analysis of MTs (as developed by McDonald et al. [9]) in the mid-region of the Ochromonas spindle (overlap) shows that MTs from one pole preferentially associate with MTs from the opposite pole at a center-to-center distance of 35 to 43 nm. However, in the half spindle between the chromosomes and the poles, kinetochore MTs (kMTs) do not preferentially associate with other MTs in the half spindle but instead are arranged essentially at random. Individual polar MTs (MTs attached to one pole), kMTs and free MTs (MTs unattached to the poles) were selected for near-neighbor analysis over their entire lengths. The spacing of MTs in the overlap is compatible with those models for mitosis which propose that separation of the poles is accomplished by sliding between closely spaced MTs of opposite polarity. In contrast to the overlap, the arrangement of MTs in the half spindle is not compatible with MT2MT sliding theories that propose that chromosome movement is accomplished by sliding between kMTs and polar MTs. PMID- 6682767 TI - Effects of a fatty meal on small bowel propulsion in intact and vagotomized rats. AB - The mechanisms by which a fatty meal alters small bowel motility was studied in rats. The fatty meal (3 ml soya bean emulsion) was infused via a permanent gastric catheter and, simultaneously, a bile-excreted radiopharmaceutic, via a central venous catheter. After infusion for 1 h the radioactivity along the small bowel was measured from the excised bowel specimen. In fasting animals an 'interdigestive' pattern was found, characterized by the distribution of small bowel contents in well-separated portions. After administration of the fat meal, a different ('postprandial') type of transit was found, characterized by a continuous distribution of radioactivity along the small bowel. In vagotomized animals the chosen fat meal did not induce a postprandial pattern but instead the small bowel retained its interdigestive transit mode. However, in intact animals pretreated with atropine or naloxone, the fatty meal intragastrically resulted in an ordinary postprandial transit pattern. Thus, the effect of the surgical vagotomy seems to be mediated by interruption of noncholinergic, nonenkephalinergic neurons. PMID- 6682768 TI - Twenty-four hour combination chemotherapy: a feasibility study with implications for improved adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. AB - Forty-three patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with a total of 385 cycles of combination chemotherapy consisting of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate and vincristine sulphate given over 24 hr and followed by a leucovorin 'rescue'. Thirty patients (70%) responded with three complete remissions. Thirteen patients did not respond, including six in whom the progression of disease was apparently arrested. Duration of response ranged from 2 to 24 months. At 20 months, 10 of 30 responding patients were alive compared with 1 of 13 non-responders. Toxicity was minimal apart from nausea and vomiting. This study confirms previous reports that intensive chemotherapy can be given safely over 24 hr without loss of therapeutic effect. This regimen is now being tested as an adjuvant to mastectomy in node-positive operable breast surgery. PMID- 6682769 TI - Aminoglutethimide for the treatment of advanced postmenopausal breast cancer. AB - Two hundred and thirteen unselected postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were treated with aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone. There were 6 complete responses (CR), 47 partial responses (PR), 25 stable disease (SD) and 3 mixed response. Overall objective response rate was 28%, and with SD 41%. Median duration of objective response was 14 months. Years after menopause, age and tumour-free interval did not affect response rates. Main side-effects were drowsiness and lethargy (33%), rash (23%) and nausea (15%). Eleven patients (5%) stopped treatment because of toxicity. Median survival from start of treatment was 28 months and was the same for CRs, PRs and SD, compared with 10 months for progressive disease (P less than 0.001). Median survival from first metastasis was 43 months for PR/CR, 40 months for SD (not significantly different) and 22 months for progressive disease (P less than 0.001). Aminoglutethimide is an effective endocrine therapy in advanced postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly for bone deposits. Disease stabilization is associated with symptomatic and survival benefit similar to CR/PR. PMID- 6682770 TI - Uptake of adriamycin by sarcoma transplants in the rat kidney: effects of renal arterial vs systemic constant rate infusion and of combination with ricin. AB - The uptake of adriamycin (Adm) by normal tissues and by sarcomas transplanted to both kidneys in rats was studied at 10 min following constant rate infusion of Adm 5 mg/kg body wt into one renal artery, during 3 and 10 min. Since the selectively infused kidney extracted only about 20% of the total dose, the present model provides a direct comparison of systemic versus selective i.a. infusions in each individual. Tumor Adm uptake was about 6 times higher on the selectively infused side. Adm uptake by tumor and normal renal tissue was proportional to the concentration X time product of Adm in arterial blood, in spite of highly different blood peak concentrations at different infusion rates. Ten-minute systemic intravenous infusion of the Adm dose, with concurrent infusion of ricin, 3 micrograms/kg, into one renal artery tended to increase Adm uptake by the tumors on both sides. This indicates a systemic rather than a local effect of ricin: ricin reduced Adm uptake by red blood cells and normal solid tissues and thus resulted in a delayed Adm clearance from the total plasma volume. In contrast, the relationship between tumor uptake and the concentration X time product of Adm in plasma was not affected by ricin, explaining the increased tumor uptake. PMID- 6682771 TI - Selective targeting of magnetic albumin microspheres containing low-dose doxorubicin: total remission in Yoshida sarcoma-bearing rats. AB - Magnetically responsive albumin microspheres containing doxorubicin hydrochloride were selectively localized in Yoshida sarcoma tumors. Tumors were implanted subcutaneously in the tail of Holtzman rats and allowed to grow to at least 200 mm2 size before initiation of experimental treatment. Drug-bearing microspheres at a dose level of either 0.5 or 2.5 mg/kg were infused proximal to the tumor via the ventral caudal artery. A bipolar permanent magnet was placed adjacent to the tumor during the infusion to effect localization. Control animals were treated with free doxorubicin infused intra-arterially at 5.0 mg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg. In other test groups animals received placebo microspheres localized in the tumor via influence of the external magnetic field, or drug-containing microspheres were infused without utilization of the magnet to effect localization. Of the 22 animals receiving magnetically localized doxorubicin microspheres 17 had total histological remission of the tumor. The remaining animals demonstrated marked tumor regression representing as much as 500-600 mm2 decrease in tumor size. While no deaths or metastases occurred in the groups receiving localized drug, animals treated with free doxorubicin, placebo microspheres or non-localized doxorubicin microspheres exhibited a significant increase in tumor size with metastases and subsequent death in 90-100% of the animals. No significant differences were noted in tumor regression/remission data between the 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg dose levels of magnetically localized doxorubicin spheres. These results represent a significant advance in targeted chemotherapy in that 77% of the animals in the magnetically localized doxorubicin microsphere treatment groups exhibited total remission after only one regimen of drug therapy. PMID- 6682772 TI - Selective targeting of magnetic albumin microspheres to the Yoshida sarcoma: ultrastructural evaluation of microsphere disposition. AB - Magnetic albumin microspheres (1 micron average diameter) were selectively targeted to subcutaneous solid Yoshida sarcoma tumors (average size 450 mm2) in Holtzman rats. This was accomplished by placing an external magnet adjacent to the tumor while the microspheres were infused. Microspheres contained ultra-fine particles of Fe3O4 and no drug (placebo). Placebo microspheres were used due to the previously demonstrated rapid tumoricidal effect of targeted low-dose doxorubicin microspheres. Animals were killed 10 min, 60 min, 30 min, 24 hr and 72 hr after microsphere administration and tumors were examined by transmission electron microscopy to determine the in vivo disposition of the magnetically targeted microspheres. Using placebo microspheres, we have demonstrated microspheres endocytosed in endothelial cells as early as 10 min after infusion. By 30 min microspheres can be seen in the extravascular compartment, sitting adjacent to tumor cells and occasionally in tumor cells. By 24 hr the majority of microspheres have been endocytosed by tumor cells. Microspheres were still observed within tumor cells as late as 72 hr after administration. The rapid extravasation and cellular uptake of magnetically focused microspheres explains the extremely rapid tumoricidal effect previously observed when doxorubicin containing microspheres were targeted to the tumor. PMID- 6682773 TI - Tumor homogeneity largely determines the growth of human tumour xenografts in two systems. PMID- 6682774 TI - Reduction of the anti-metabolic and anti-proliferative effects of methotrexate by 17 beta-oestradiol in a human breast carcinoma cell line, MDA-MB-436. AB - We have investigated the modifying influence of 17 beta-oestradiol on the anti metabolic and growth inhibitory actions of methotrexate (MTX) in a human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-436. This cell line contains detectable oestrogen receptors but is progesterone receptor-negative. Furthermore, 17 beta-oestradiol (10(-10) - 10(-6)M) failed to influence DNA synthetic rate as assessed by [3H] TdR or [3H]-UdR incorporation and cell proliferative rate was similarly unaffected. Although by these criteria 17 beta-oestradiol failed to elicit a biological response in the MDA-MB-436 cell line, 10(-6)M 17 beta-oestradiol significantly reduced the anti-metabolic and anti-proliferative actions of MTX. In the presence of 17 beta-oestradiol approximately twice the concentration of MTX was required to inhibit cell proliferation to the same extent as was observed following exposure to MTX alone. This partial reversal of MTX effects was accompanied by a 20% reduction in the steady-state intracellular MTX concentration when cells were exposed to the drug in the presence of 10(-6)M 17 beta-oestradiol. PMID- 6682775 TI - Androgen excretion in women with a family history of breast cancer or with epithelial hyperplasia or cancer of the breast. AB - Urinary testosterone and androstanediol were measured by gas chromatography in four groups of premenopausal subjects: 22 healthy women (control group), 21 healthy women with a family history of breast cancer (familiality group), 39 patients with breast lumps which consisted of ductal or lobular hyperplasia (hyperplasia group) and 18 patients with infiltrating breast carcinoma (carcinoma group). On the basis of normal values found in our laboratory, steroid levels were above normal in 4.5% of the controls, 4.7% of the familiality group, 38.5% of the hyperplasia group (P less than 0.01 vs controls) and 61.1% of the carcinoma group (P less than 0.001 vs control group). The mean testosterone level in the carcinoma group (11.3 +/- 6.78 S.D.) and the mean androstanediol level in the hyperplasia group (47.25 +/- 31.0 S.D.) were significantly higher than those of the control group (testosterone 6.25 +/- 3.48 S.D., androstanediol 32.55 +/- 20.0 S.D.). No significant difference was found in mean testosterone or androstanediol levels between the control group and the familiality group (testerone 5.41 +/- 3.6 S.D., androstanediol 29.38 +/- 15.89 S.D.). We conclude that increased excretion of androgenic steroids is a hormonal abnormality common to breast cancer patients and to patients with breast epithelial hyperplasia, but not to subjects with a family history of carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 6682776 TI - Ototoxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II): influence of dose, schedule and mode of administration. AB - During and after 233 cycles of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP), 197 serial audiograms were obtained in 48 patients and compared with baseline audiograms. Use was made of three dose schedules (20 mg/m2, 25-50 mg/m2 and 70 120 mg/m2), two regimens (single-day or daily for 5 days) and three modes of administration (rapid infusion, 2- or 3-hr infusion, 24-hr infusion). Clinical hearing loss occurred in 12.5% and tinnitus in 25% of all patients. The incidence of audiographic changes (65% overall, 81% bilaterally) increased with increasing cumulative CDDP dose independent of treatment schedule. The incidence was correlated with the daily dose (P = 0.0037) and changes were more severe after single high doses. No difference was found between the single low dose and the daily for 5 days regimen. Rapid infusion of a single high dose was more ototoxic than a 24-hr infusion of the same dose (P = 0.0015). It is concluded that, compared with the single high-dose regimen, the daily low dose for 5 days is preferable in cases where the patient might be cured by a regimen including CDDP. PMID- 6682777 TI - DNA content of human myeloma cells. AB - DNA flow cytofluorometry of bone marrow cells from 29 patients with multiple myeloma disclosed a 55% incidence of aneuploid cell populations with a DNA index between the diploid and the tetraploid regions (2-4 C) and a mean value of 2.5 C. The bone marrow of these patients demonstrated a correlation between the proportion of aneuploid and morphologically identifiable myeloma cells, which indicates a monoclonal pattern in the aneuploid cases without additional diploid myeloma cell clones. In the present patient material no statistically significant relation was found between diploid and aneuploid cases as regards the type of monoclonal immunoglobulin. Further, there was no difference between the diploid and aneuploid cases as regards myeloma cell differentiation, myeloma cell [3H] thymidine labeling index or response to melphalan treatment. PMID- 6682778 TI - Culture of clonogenic cells from various human tumors: drug sensitivity assay. AB - Cells obtained from human solid tumor biopsies and from ascites of various histological origin were cultured in soft agar. Forty-six out of 72 malignant biopsy specimens, consisting mainly of ovarian and breast adenocarcinoma, were grown successfully. Cloning efficiencies ranged from 0.001 to 1%. In a few cases large variations occurred in the different specimens from the same patient. The cells in the colonies had the same morphological characteristics as those of the original tumor. The soft agar assay was used to study the chemotherapeutic response of ovarian tumors. PMID- 6682779 TI - Response of cell populations in tumor cords to a single dose of cyclophosphamide or radiation. AB - We have examined tumor cords of hepatoma 3924A in rats treated by 15 Gy of X-rays or 150 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide. Parameters measured were: cord thickness, cellular density, [3H]-TdR LI, MI and proportion of necrotic cells within the cord. With cyclophosphamide, a drop in cell density of 40% and in LI of 60% did not cause shrinkage of the cords. During the recovery phase, increase in cell number coincided with changes in the kinetics of the cell population adjacent to the capillary. For X-rays an approximately 10% decrease in cord thickness was associated with a rapid reduction in cell density and a relatively poor proliferative response of the cells adjacent to the vessel. There was little evidence for the sparing of remote cells with either agent. It did not appear that the progression of cells across the cord would be interrupted sufficiently for any 'spared' remote cells to participate in the therapeutic response. PMID- 6682780 TI - The effect of divalent cations on Cloudman melanoma cells. AB - The effect of Ca2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ as acetates (10(-3) - 10(-5)M) and of 2% DMSO on the proliferation and differentiation of clone M3 of the Cloudman S91 mouse melanoma was studied and compared with the behaviour of GPK (keratocyte) and MRC5 (fibroblast) cell lines. Whereas neither calcium nor magnesium ions influenced the proliferation of the cells as measured by [3H] thymidine incorporation, absorbance at 280 nm of NaOH cell digests and cell counts, cadmium, zinc and copper ions selectively inhibited the melanoma line. Cd2+ (10(-5)M) and Zn2+ (10(-4)M) were selectively cytotoxic to melanoma cells in contrast to keratocytes and fibroblasts. No direct effect of the cations on melanogenesis, as estimated from the ratio of absorbance at 350 nm and 280 nm and by tyrosinase assays, was demonstrated. DMSO stimulated melanogenesis in melanoma cells but inhibited their growth. Experiments with ouabain indicate that active transport is involved in the uptake of zinc by melanoma cells. PMID- 6682781 TI - Effects of parathyroid hormone or haloperidol-induced catalepsy and nigral GAD activity. PMID- 6682782 TI - The glucagon/glucagon-like immunoreactivities in neurons of the human brain. AB - Using indirect immunofluorescence and Sternberger's PAP techniques on Bouin-fixed paraffin sections it was possible to show a glucagon/glucagon-like immunoreactivity in the following sites of the human brain: the Lamina V pyramidal cells of the Neocortex, the various neurons of the Hippocampus and Corpus amygdaloideum, the perikarya of neurons in the Nucleus ventromedialis and Nucleus infundibularis (arcuatus), the Nucleus ambiguus and the numerous granular cells of the cerebellar cortex. It was also possible with both techniques to find a similar distribution of the peptide hormones in the perikarya and the proximal parts of the neuronal extensions. Appropriate controls were used to confirm the results. Simultaneously, tissue specimens from the same brain regions were investigated for glucagon by radioimmunoassay. The glucagon content of nervous tissue was found to be much higher than the average glucagon concentration of blood plasma. The highest level of the polypeptide could be revealed for the Hypothalamus (up to 40 times higher than in blood plasma). PMID- 6682783 TI - The effect of iodine containing contrast medium on thyroid function of patients undergoing coronary angiography. AB - Application of large amounts of iodine in the form of amidotricoic acid (Urografin) in 20 patients undergoing coronary angiography led to an increase in serum thyroxine (T4, p less than 0.005), triiodothyronine (T3, p less than 0.005) and plasma thyrotropin (TSH) in the basal state (p less than 0.05) as well as after TRH-stimulation (p less than 0.05), but not of serum 3,3',5' triiodothyronine (reverse-T3, rT3) three weeks after contrast medium administration. Although TRH induced TSH stimulation had been subnormal prior to contrast medium application in five patients, T4 as well as T3 remained within the normal range in all patients. Neither preexisting iodine excretion nor the amount of contrast medium applied were related with the observed hormonal changes. We conclude, that application of relatively small as well as large amounts of amidotricoic acid leads to an increase of peripheral thyroid hormone concentrations, paralleled by a rise in basal and stimulated TSH secretion. These changes may be interpreted as physiological adaptation to augmented iodine supply in an area of moderate iodine deficiency. PMID- 6682784 TI - Changes in pituitary-adrenal function under continuous exposure to hypoxia in male rats. AB - The plasma corticosterone concentration and incorporation of 14C-1-acetate into adrenocortical hormones were measured in male rats exposed to hypoxia (12.5% O2 in N2 balance) for periods of 30 min--14 days. Hypoxia significantly increased the weight of the adrenal and pituitary glands in early stages of exposure. However, weight returned to the control level on the 14th day of exposure. Hypoxia consistently decreased the weight of the thymus. Hypoxia elevated the plasma corticosterone concentration in the early stages of exposure. However, the elevated corticosterone level gradually decreased by the 7th day. The corticosterone level at this stage was lower than in the control. The corticosterone concentration returned to the control level on the 14th day. Hypoxia significantly facilitated incorporation of 14C-1-acetate into corticosterone and cortisol in the adrenal homogenate. The elevated incorporation was maintained until the 7th day and gradually decreased to the control level there after. Body weight was decreased by hypoxia (12 gram in 24 hours). On the 5th day, the weight returned to the control level. Hematocrit increased gradually during 14 days of hypoxia exposure. These results suggest that pituitary-adrenal function is greatly facilitated by 1-6 hours of hypoxia exposure, and hypoxia acclimatization is accomplished humorally within 14 days of exposure in rats. PMID- 6682785 TI - Influence of lesions in the limbic-hypothalamic system on adrenocortical responses to daily repeated exposures to immobilization stress in rabbits. AB - In order to elucidate the role of the limbic-hypothalamic system in the adrenocortical responses to repeated immobilization stress, the influences of daily repeated exposures of immobilization stress on the adrenocorticoid formation in adrenal slices of rabbits with lesions of various sites of the hypothalamus and limbic structures had been investigated. The experimental results obtained were as follows: (1) Lesions in periventricular arcuate nucleus (ARC) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) decreased the rates of adrenocortical responses to the 1st immobilization exposure (exposure on the 1st day), but did not alter the rates of adrenocortical responses to the 4th immobilization exposure (exposure on the 4th day). (2) Lesions in stria-terminalis (ST) and dorsal fornix (FX) did not alter the rates of adrenocortical responses to the 1st immobilization exposure, but increased the rates of adrenocortical responses to the 4th immobilization exposure. (3) The adrenocortical responses to immobilization stress were completely abolished by the seven times repetition of exposures in each sham-operated group and in the animals with lesions of ARC and VMH, but in the rabbits with lesions of ST and FX the adrenocortical responses to immobilization stress were not abolished by the seven times repetition of exposures. (4) These results suggested that such basal medial hypothalamus participated in the mechanisms of adrenocortical responses to the 1st exposure of immobilization stress, but did not participate in the disappearance process of adrenocortical responses to immobilization stress by the seven times repetition of exposures. On the other hand, it might be supposed that the amygdala(AMYG)-ST system and dorsal hippocampus(HPC)-FX system do not participate in the mechanism of adrenocortical responses to the 1st immobilization exposure, but these limbic areas played some roles in the disappearance process of the adrenocortical responses to immobilization stress by the seven times repetition of exposures. PMID- 6682786 TI - Stressful events in prenatal life of bi- and homosexual men. AB - One hundred bi- or homosexual men as well as 100 heterosexual men of similar age were asked about maternal stressful events that may have occurred during their prenatal life. A significantly increased incidence of prenatal stress was found in bisexual and, particularly, in homosexual men. This finding suggests that prenatal stress in males may represent a risk factor for the etiogenesis of sexual deviations in later life. PMID- 6682787 TI - Prevention of demasculinization and feminization of the brain in prenatally stressed male rats by perinatal androgen treatment. AB - Female rats were exposed to immobilization and illumination stress from day 15-22 of pregnancy. Their male offspring showed demasculinization, i.e. significantly decreased male sexual behaviour, and feminization, i.e. significantly increased female sexual behaviour, in adulthood. This permanent demasculinization and feminization of the brain, induced by prenatal stress, could be prevented by perinatal androgen treatment. PMID- 6682788 TI - It is possible that noradrenaline is the biogenic monoamine responsible for androgen-dependent sexual brain differentiation. AB - The effect of neonatal testosterone propionate (TP) treatment and its combination with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha MPT) on noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin contents in the hypothalamus of 7-day-old female rats has been studied. The property of alpha MPT to prevent anovulatory sterility in neonatally androgenized rats earlier established by the authors is related to interfering with a rise of hypothalamic level of noradrenaline induced by TP in the early postnatal period. The experimental data give evidence against the participation of dopamine in sexual differentiation of the brain and indicate the secondary character of serotonin content changes in the hypothalamus in relation to the noradrenaline level. Hence, noradrenaline may participate in androgen-dependent sexual differentiation of the hypothalamus. PMID- 6682790 TI - Preclinical data on STS 557. PMID- 6682789 TI - Circadian rhythms in adrenal adrenaline and noradrenaline and in blood glucose levels in the bandicoot rat (Bandicota bengalensis). AB - The aim of the present investigation was to ascertain circadian rhythms in adrenomedullary hormones and blood glucose level in the adult male bandicoot rat. Adrenomedullary hormones and blood glucose were measured during 0600 h, 1200 h, 1800 h and 2400 h of a 24-hour period from different groups of animals. Adrenaline, noradrenaline and blood glucose levels increased during 2400 h through 0600 h and decreased during 1200 h through 1800 h. The finding indicates that there is a circadian rhythm in adrenomedullary hormones and blood glucose level in the bandicoot rat. It is suggested that circadian fluctuation in these substances may be due to diurnal variation in the activity of the animals. PMID- 6682791 TI - Preclinical data on STS 557. Introduction. PMID- 6682792 TI - The synthetic approach to STS 557 - structure activity relationships in 17 alpha CH2X-substituted 19-nortestosterone derivatives. AB - The synthesis of 17 alpha-CH2X-substituted 19-nortestosterone derivatives (X = halogen, CN, N3, OH, NH2 etc.) is described. Starting with 1,4-dihydroestradiol 3 methyl ether the 17 alpha-CH2X-17 beta-hydroxy-moiety was introduced via a 17 beta-spiroepoxide which could be cleaved with various nucleophilic agents giving the desired derivatives. In the McPhail assay with immature rabbits some of these substances showed good progestagenic activity on oral administration. The influence of structural modifications on the activity is discussed. The best effect is observed if an additional double bond is introduced in position 9(10). While the 19-nortestosterone derivative with X = CN has only an activity of about 20% of that of norethisterone acetate, the introduction of a second double bond leads to a compound (STS 557) which has an oral potency more than ten times as high as levonorgestrel. PMID- 6682793 TI - Studies on pharmacokinetics of STS 557 in animal species and man. AB - Following oral and i.v. administration of [14 alpha, 15 alpha-3H]-STS 557 to beagle dogs, baboons, rats and female volunteers, plasma level courses of total radioactivity and STS 557, and radioactivity excretion in urine and feces have been investigated. Bioavailability of orally administered STS 557 was found to be 80--90% in man and beagle dog, 70--80% in baboon and rat. Concerning the systemic availability following oral administration of equivalent doses, the following order was established: beagle dog greater than man greater than baboon greater than rat. Equilibrium dialysis indicates species differences in plasma protein binding and a considerable part of STS 557 to be present in plasma unbound. STS 557 is rather rapidly eliminated from the plasma compartment of all species investigated with half lives less than or equal to 10 h. As an additional time parameter of pharmacokinetics the "mean residence time" was used. Urinary excretion of STS 557 metabolites is dominant in all species, including the rat. In contrast to the great part of STS 557 in plasma total radioactivity, only small amounts of unchanged STS 557 are excreted in urine. First results of current studies in rabbits are presented, too. PMID- 6682794 TI - Studies on biotransformation of STS 557. AB - Transformation of STS 557 (17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4, 9-dien-3 one) by female rat liver microsomes demonstrates a lower transformation rate in comparison with the analogous compound without 9-double bond: 17 alpha cyanomethyl-19-nortestosterone, and the basic substance: 19-nortestosterone. 17 alpha-Cyanomethyl-estra-1, 3, 5(10), 9(11)-tetraene-3, 17 beta-diol, 17 alpha cyanomethyl-11 beta, 17 beta-dihydroxy-estra-4, 9-dien-3-one, and tentatively 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-6 alpha, 17 beta-dihydroxy-estra-4, 9-dien-3-one were identified as metabolites. Microbial model investigations with species known to hydrogenate the 4-double bond in 4-en-3-oxo steroids stereospecifically to 5 alpha H- or 5 beta H-metabolites indicate 5 alpha-hydrogenation to be prevented in STS 557 by the 9-double bond, whereas 5 beta-hydrogenation is not affected. Isolation and characterization of metabolites from beagle dog and rat urine following administration of 3H-STS 557 revealed the following pathways of biotransformation: Hydroxylation in different positions of the steroid molecule, aromatization of ring A, hydrogenation of a double bond, simultaneous hydroxylation and hydrogenation, and alteration of the 17 alpha-side chain with loss of nitrogen. PMID- 6682795 TI - Prenatal toxic effects of STS 557. I. Investigations in mice. AB - STS 557 was tested for adverse effects in mice by prenatal and postnatal investigations. Several doses of STS 557 and levonorgestrel as a standard were administered on days 3--7, 8--12, or 13--17 post coitum. Following administration on days 3--7 p.c. an increase of skeleton retardations and skeleton alterations was found. PMID- 6682796 TI - Prenatal toxic effects of STS 557. II. Investigation in rabbits--preliminary results. AB - The synthetic steroid STS 557 (17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4, 9 dien-3-one) was tested in gravid rabbits from days 5 to 25 p.c. It was the aim of the experiments to investigate any embryotoxic and/or teratogenic effect of STS 557. The compound did not show any effects on the mothers nor on the fetuses. Levonorgestrel was tested as standard. PMID- 6682797 TI - Polyamine starvation causes parallel increase in nuclear and chromosomal aberrations in a polyamine-dependent strain of CHO. AB - Deprivation of polyamines and ornithine causes in a polyamine-dependent CHO strain aneuploidy and alterations in nuclear morphology including micronuclei, macronuclei, framented and bulged nuclei. There is also formation of multinucleate cells. The number of micronuclei and certain other nuclear aberrations increase concomitantly with chromosome abberrations. PMID- 6682798 TI - Studies on quantitative morphology. VII. Distribution of interstitium in the thyroid gland. AB - The variability of interstitium percentage values in dog thyroid glands is high, especially in comparison with data from smaller fields. The distribution is generally of the isotrope type, sometimes superimposed by a slight zonal heterogeneity. The low extended interstitium is characterized by a comparatively homogenous arrangement. Whether a net point distance of more than 100 micrograms may cause little deviation from lower values than the true percentage is in most cases not of practical consequence. Often areas larger than 5 mm2 must be measured, or even total sections. Under consideration of the time spent for measuring this can be done only with large net point distances. Low correlation coefficients are observed in these examples for the comparison epithelium: interstitium; and the ratio colloid: epithelium seems to be not always influenced by the interstitium content. PMID- 6682799 TI - Comparison of adrenaline-induced hyper- and hypoglycaemia by histological and biochemical investigation. AB - Chronic treatment of rats by subcutaneously implanted A-depot capsules lead through a ca. 12 h hyperglycaemia to hypoglycaemia at 18 h p.o. SDH and G-6-Phase activities in the liver were compared during hyper- and hypoglycaemia using both histochemical and biochemical methods. The results show high triglyceride contents, lack of glycogen and high G-6-Pase activities in the livers of animals during both hyper- and hypoglycaemia. Striking differences were found concerning SDH-activities: While biochemical measurements show enhanced activities during hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemic values remain in the "normal" range. Nevertheless histochemical investigations show an amazing re-distribution of SDH-activities from the periportal areas towards the lobule centre. Therefore we think, that biochemical and histochemical methods should be combined to unveil such pseudonormalities. Further, this re-distribution shows the ability of the liver to cope with damage by shifting important processes away from fat-infiltrated areas. PMID- 6682800 TI - Morphogenesis of cell-to-substratum adhesion and spreading on Ni-Cr-alloys. A scanning electron microscopic study. AB - A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis has been performed on the adhesion, spreading and growth pattern of fibroblastoid and epitheloid cells on Ni-Cr alloys as compared to glass substrates. The attachment is initiated by filipodial contact of monolayer cells with the glass as well as alloys, and subsequent radial spreading occurs by the gradual peripheral extension of the broad lamellipodium followed by a general cell flattening. When cultured under identical conditions monolayer cells reach confluence at the same time on glass and alloy surfaces, respectively. The results show that the fibroblastoid and epitheloid cells form stable contacts between the cell surface and the alloy in the same manner in which the cells adhere to the surface of glass. The cells migrated and proliferated on the surface of alloys and covered the surface of the substratum. PMID- 6682801 TI - Embryopathic effects of caffeine in the chick. AB - There is increasing concern about the potential teratogenic effects of caffeine. Laboratory rodents were widely used for the teratological evaluation of caffeine. However, few studies have been carried out in non-mammalian organisms. Caffeine, dissolved in sterile water, was injected into the air sacs of fertile White Leghorn chick eggs at doses of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 700, 900, and 1,100 micrograms per egg. Control eggs were injected with an equivalent volume of sterile water (0.1 ml/egg). The embryos were treated at either 48, 72, or 96 hours incubation. On day 9, live embryos were recovered and examined for external malformations after staging and weighing. Treatment with 400 and 1,100 micrograms caffeine at 48 hours incubation resulted in a significantly high incidence of abnormal embryos, compared to the controls. The most common malformations included reduced body, microphthalmia, exencephaly, everted viscera and short neck. A significant number of embryos died following treatment with 1,100 micrograms caffeine at 48 hours incubation, and 400 and 700 micrograms at 72 hours incubation. Embryonic growth was not affected. Even though it is not possible to extrapolate these findings directly to humans, moderation in the consumption of caffeine-containing beverages during pregnancy is recommended. PMID- 6682803 TI - Binding and internalization of 125I-glucagon in hepatocytes of intact mouse liver. An autoradiographic study. AB - Localization of labeled material in hepatocytes of intact mouse liver injected via the portal vein with 125I-glucagon was studied. At 3 minutes after pulse injection of the labeled glucagon, most grains were localized associated with the plasma membrane. At 10 min after the injection, the grains were distributed throughout the cytoplasm and did not appear localized exclusively in any specific cell organelles. At 20 min after the injection, the labeled material appeared decreased, and was not yet localized exclusively in any specific cell organelles. Thus, in hepatocytes of intact liver, labeled glucagon is internalized more rapidly than in freshly isolated hepatocytes (Barazzone et al. 1980), and there appear to be no cell organelles in which internalized glucagon is preferentially localized. PMID- 6682802 TI - Influence of calcium concentration in the medium on the cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan synthesis of human diploid skin fibroblasts in culture. AB - Changes of the glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) fractions in the medium, the cell surface of human diploid skin fibroblasts and the relation between GAGs synthesis and cell growth in cultured media containing various Ca++ concentrations were investigated by means of electrophoretic fractionation. The results demonstrated that the synthesis of the hyaluronic acid (HA) fraction was increased with increase of the Ca++ concentration in the medium, and this change appeared to be linked to the condition of cell growth. The synthesis of the heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate (HS + DS) fraction was decreased with increase of the Ca++ concentration in the medium, and this change depended largely on the Ca++ concentration in the medium rather than the cell growth. The synthesis of the chondroitin sulfate (Ch-s) fraction was also decreased with increase of the Ca++ concentration in the medium. However, this change was neither controlled especially by the Ca++ concentration in the medium nor by the condition of cell growth, but reflected the decrease of total GAGs synthesis by the increase of the Ca++ concentration in the medium. PMID- 6682804 TI - Increased concentration of plasma cholesterol in veal calves fed soybean lecithin. PMID- 6682805 TI - [Neuropharmacology of stress analgesia]. AB - Painful and non-painful stresses have a different line of action on analgetic activity of phentanyl. Hyperalgetic action of immobilization stress is supposed to be linked with impairment of the functioning of the thalamocortical serotonin sensitive system that gets activated before the development of maximal analgesia in non-stressed cats. Droperidol reduces the antinociceptive action of painful stress. Melipramine and tisercin potentiate stress analgesia. PMID- 6682806 TI - [Self-stimulation reaction of the hypothalamus in single and repeat administrations of ethaminal sodium]. AB - Pentobarbital facilitated hypothalamic self-stimulation in doses from 1 to 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Under concurrent self-stimulation and intravenous self administration two phases of pentobarbital action were distinctly revealed- activating and inhibitory. The facilitating effect of pentobarbital was blocked by the antiadrenergic drugs, butyroxane, pyrroxane and carbidine as well as was partially antagonized by naloxone. After chronic treatment (20 mg/kg daily) initial inhibition of self-stimulation was replaced by facilitation by days 3-4 of the experiment. Injection of pentobarbital in a daily dose of 3 mg/kg resulted in gradual development of tolerance to the facilitation action of the drug on self-stimulation and in that of dependence. Two types of abstinence reactions after pentobarbital withdrawal are described. The method proposed appears to be sensitive for studying barbiturate dependence. PMID- 6682807 TI - [Chronic alcoholic intoxication in animals as a model for the study of the safety of new anti-alcohol agents]. AB - Experiments on 200 noninbred male rats have demonstrated that daily administration of ethanol per os in a dose of 8 g/kg (2/3 LD50) for a month produced pathological changes in organs and systems of the body, which were similar to the manifestations of chronic alcoholic intoxication in man. It is concluded that the model under consideration may be used during preclinical study of the safety of new antialcoholic agents. PMID- 6682808 TI - The identification of neurotrophic factor as a transferrin. AB - Partially purified neurotrophic factor (NTF) from chicken nerves comigrated with transferrin and a component in several preparations known to have neurotrophic effects on cultured skeletal muscle cells. One-dimensional gel electrophoretograms of proteolytic fragments of NTF and fragments obtained from transferrins purified from chicken eggs, serum and embryos were indistinguishable. These purified transferrins, like NTF, all stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and supported myotube formation to a similar degree as NTF. These studies suggest that NTF is a transferrin-like protein and that both transferrins and NTF act by initially promoting myoblast proliferation and subsequently supporting myogenesis in chick muscle cultures. PMID- 6682809 TI - Liquid crystalline microphases of DNA molecules complexed with compounds of platinum(II). AB - The formation of liquid crystalline microphases (0.3 M NaClO4, and 120 and 170 mg PEG/ml) from low-Mr DNA (salmon sperm) complexed with cis and trans dichlorodiamine-platinum(II) was investigated. It was shown that the amplitude of the negative band in the CD spectrum, characteristic of a liquid crystalline microphase of DNA, decreased upon complexing with platinum compounds. It was estimated that the influence of cis Pt(II) on the optical properties of liquid crystalline microphase of DNA molecules strongly differed from the effect of trans Pt(II); the phenomenon did not depend on [PEG]. The reasons of the decrease of the negative band in the CD spectra of the DNA liquid crystalline microphases are discussed. PMID- 6682810 TI - Pituitary adenomas and oral contraceptives: a multicenter case-control study. AB - A case-control study was conducted to determine whether use of oral contraceptives (OCs) is associated with an increased risk of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Two hundred twelve women with such adenomas (140 of which were surgically confirmed) were recruited from four clinical centers and interviewed and matched by age and race to neighborhood control subjects. In addition, 119 hyperprolactinemic patients with amenorrhea and/or galactorrhea (A/G) who had normal or equivocal tomograms and 205 normoprolactinemic women with A/G were also interviewed and matched to neighborhood control subjects. No increase in relative odds (RO) for any of these groups of patients was found for use of OCs (pituitary adenoma cases versus controls RO = 1.33, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.81 to 2.22; equivocal cases versus controls RO = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.69 to 2.70; secondary A/G cases versus controls RO = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.37 to 1.18). History of infertility (RO = 25.5, 95% CI = 8.49 to 76.6), of menstrual problems or A/G (RO = 4.47, 95% CI = 2.21 to 9.05), and of nulliparity (RO = 4.36, 95% CI = 2.10 to 9.04) were each associated with a significantly increased risk of pituitary adenomas. The results of this study do not indicate any increase in risk of pituitary adenomas as a result of using OCs. PMID- 6682811 TI - [Effect of cerebral cortex isolation on sleep-wakefulness cycles in cats]. PMID- 6682812 TI - The induction of reversible and irreversible chromosome decondensation by protein synthesis inhibition during meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes. AB - We investigated the effects of puromycin on mouse oocyte chromosomes during meiotic maturation in vitro. Puromycin treatment for 6 hr at 100 micrograms/ml almost completely, but reversibly, suppressed [35S]methionine incorporation into oocyte protein at all stages of maturation tested. Nevertheless, oocytes treated at the germinal vesicle stage underwent germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and chromosome condensation. These oocytes completed nuclear maturation to metaphase II (MII) if the inhibitor was withdrawn. Prolonged (24-hr) treatment, however, caused the chromosomes to degenerate. The chromosomes of oocytes treated shortly after GVBD for 6 hr remained condensed, but the oocytes failed to form a polar body. However, 24-hr treatment caused the chromosomes to decondense to form an interphase nucleus. Oocytes treated near MI for 6 hr gave off a polar body during the treatment, and their chromosomes decondensed to form a nucleus, which remained as long as the treatment was continued. However, if the puromycin was withdrawn, the chromosomes recondensed to a state morphologically similar to that at MII. Thus, the chromosome decondensation induced by protein synthesis inhibition at MI was reversible. Oocytes treated at MII, several hours after first polar body formation, also underwent chromosome decondensation to form a nucleus. In the continuous presence of puromycin, the chromosomes remained decondensed, but neither DNA synthesis nor mitosis occurred. However, following puromycin withdrawal, these oocytes synthesised DNA and underwent mitosis. Thus, protein synthesis inhibition at MII, by parthenogenetically activating the oocytes, caused irreversible chromosome decondensation. Based on these observations, we discussed the roles of protein synthesis in the regulation of oocyte chromosome behaviour during meiotic maturation. PMID- 6682813 TI - Cellular factor stimulating DNA synthesis in nuclei isolated from sea urchin embryos. AB - DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei of morula-stage embryos of sea urchin was studied. Embryonic extracts of cleaving embryos (but not unfertilized eggs) stimulated DNA synthesis in the in vitro system. A stimulatory factor was identified which eluted at 0.52 M KCl during chromatography on DEAE-cellulose column. This factor was inactivated by heat treatment and trypsin digestion, and was resolved into three active peaks by gel filtration (Strokes radii of 6.3, 4.6, and 4.1 nm, respectively). PMID- 6682815 TI - [Inversion polymorphism of the malarial mosquito Anopheles messeae. IV. The stability of the frequency distribution of the inversions by species area]. AB - Distribution of the frequencies of inversions XL1, 2R1, 3R1, 3L1, from geographically widely separated 8 populations had been studied during a long period of time. The geographical inclines of distribution of inversions XL1, 3R1 (a longitudinal) and 2R1 (a latitudinal) are stable in time. Stationarity of inversional polymorphism is not connected with superdominance of heterozygotes. It is supposed that the stable equilibrium of the frequencies of inversions is supported by variable selection. PMID- 6682814 TI - [Physiological dependency between the hypothalamus and the thymus in Wistar rats. III. Hypothalamic cells cultured in vitro in the presence of Thymus Factor X (TFX) and fresh thymus filtered homogenate]. AB - The studies were carried out on the hypothalamic cells cultured in vitro in the presence of low-molecular proteins (constituting the control): the thymic hormone, known as Thymus Factor X [TFX]; or fresh thymus filtered homogenate prepared from the glands collected from 1 h or 7 d old rats. All the cultures were supplemented with 3H-thymidine. The experiments demonstrated that TFX in when added to the culture caused a decrease 3H-thymidine synthesis in comparison to the control. In other cultures, which were enriched with the fresh thymus filtrated homogenate, especially from 7 d old rats, a high level of thymidine synthesis in the cellular nuclei was observed. PMID- 6682816 TI - [Inversion polymorphism of the malarial mosquito Anopheles messeae. V. The interaction of different chromosomal inversions in the spatial area]. AB - The relations between inversions of chromosome XL, 2R, 3R, 3L from 8 populations of the central part and periphery of the species area were studied. 2-, 3- and 4 factor analysis was carried out. Interaction of inversions XL1, 2R1, 3R1 in central populations (Riga, Moscow, Tomsk) was observed. The nonrandom association of definite inversional genotypes was stationary in spatial - temporary. The phylogenetic initial sequences XL0, 2R0, 3R0 display "+" interaction. The 3 factor analysis of populations of Tomsk shows: 1) interaction of inversions is more essential in males than in females; 2) the statistically significant interaction of 3-4 inversions is not always determined by the effect of 2-factor analysis; 3) the chromosome 3R has a dominance influence on the pattern of association of the multiinversional complex. These data support the hypothesis that differential selection for chromosomes with certain combinations of arrangements is mainly responsible for this phenomenon. In peripheral area populations (Syctyvkar, Irkutsk, Chita), no associations were observed (2R and 3R). When they do take place, their character is changed (Kiev - XL and 3R). This phenomenon may be explained by the influence of frequency-dependent selection. PMID- 6682817 TI - [Genetic control of alopecia in sheep]. AB - A hypothesis is suggested which turns down the opinion that alopecia or pathological wool shedding in sheep is due to some pathological processes or disease. We suppose that this trait is controlled by a gene of natural wool shedding inherited from sheep far ancestors, and we propose to designate the recessive alopecia gene as Alp3 and its dominant allele, a wool alopecia resistance gene, as AlpA. Alopecia will only be revealed in homozygotic Alpa/Alpa state, due to recessivity of alopecia gene, but heterozygotic AlpA/Alpa and homozygotic AlpA/AlpA sheep will have a normal wool coat. A new polymorphic trait is supposed to exist which is conditioned by simultaneous presence of two genetic alleles in a sheep population with descrete phenotypic manifestation. PMID- 6682818 TI - [Participation of temperate phages LP52 and BL20 in the control of bacitracin synthesis in Bacillus licheniformis]. AB - The synthesis of the antibiotic bacitracin in lysogenic and nonlysogenic strains of Bacillus licheniformis 1001 and ATCC10716 has been studied. The antibiotic activity was shown to be about 20% less in lysogens, as compared to nonlysogens. However, the level of bacitracin production was completely restored when temperate bacteriophages BL20 and LP52 were reintroduced into the nonlysogenic strains by virtue of genetic transformation with DNA from lysogenic strains or by transduction with LP52. This may indicate that both phages take part in control of the synthesis of bacitracin. For the time being, the mechanism of regulation is not known. It is likely to be either direct (provided that prophage DNA contains "bacitracin" genes), or indirect. PMID- 6682820 TI - [Perinatal morbidity and mortality in breech birth. Comparison of results of the Stadtische Frauenklinik Braunschweig and the Universitats-Frauenklinik Zagreb]. PMID- 6682819 TI - Male gonadal function in coeliac disease: 2. Sex hormones. AB - Hypogonadism, infertility, and sexual dysfunction occur in some men with coeliac disease. We have measured plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, sex-hormone binding globulin, oestradiol, and serum luteinising hormone in 41 men with coeliac disease and have related these findings to jejunal morphology, fertility, semen quality, and sexual function. To determine the specificity of these observations in coeliacs we also studied 19 nutritionally-matched men with Crohn's disease, and men with chronic ill-health due to rheumatoid arthritis and Hodgkin's disease. The most striking endocrine findings in untreated coeliacs were increased plasma testosterone and free testosterone index, reduced dihydrotestosterone (testosterone's potent peripheral metabolite), and raised serum luteinising hormone, a pattern of abnormalities indicative of androgen resistance. As jejunal morphology improved hormone levels appeared to return to normal. This specific combination of abnormalities was not present in any of the disease control groups and, to our knowledge, androgen resistance has not been described previously in any other non-endocrine disorder. Plasma oestradiol concentration was modestly raised in 10% of coeliacs and 11% of patients with Crohn's disease. Unlike plasma androgens and serum luteinising hormone in coeliacs, plasma oestradiol was not clearly related to jejunal morphology. Androgen resistance and associated hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction appear to be relatively specific to coeliac disease and cannot be explained merely in terms of malnutrition or chronic ill-health. In addition, our findings suggest that this endocrine disturbance may be related to sexual dysfunction in coeliac disease but its relationship to disordered spermatogenesis in this condition has not been clearly established. PMID- 6682821 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of breast diseases in puberty and adolescence]. PMID- 6682822 TI - Cytophotometric determination of DNA in minimal invasive cancer of the human cervix uteri. AB - The early invasive cancer of the human cervix uteri is marked by a higher proliferation rate in its DNA histograms, which is a sign of perforation of the basal membrane. When this process finishes and an invasive carcinoma is present, the range of the DNA values decreases. The carcinoma has possibly reached a silent phase that will end with the penetration into the lymphatic system. PMID- 6682823 TI - Neurological sequelae in high- and low-optimality obstetrics. AB - Neonatal neurological findings and the results of a neurological follow-up examination at 4 years of age were compared in two groups of subjects. The first group contained 39 children with an extremely low obstetrical optimality score, the second one contained 38 children with an extremely high obstetrical optimality score. More children were neurologically deviant in the first group than in the second one, both shortly after birth and at 4 years. The predictive power of the neonatal neurological examination was less in the low-optimality group, probably due to false-negative diagnoses in preterm infants. PMID- 6682824 TI - [Pharmaco-ethological analysis of agonistic behavior between resident and intruder mice: effects of ethylalcohol]. AB - The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of ethylalcohol on agonistic behavior using a resident-intruder paradigm. In this paradigm, a resident male mouse has been cohabiting with a female for 5 weeks, and an intruder male mouse is introduced into the resident's home cage. The effects of four doses of ethylalcohol (vehicle, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg, p.o.) were assessed in resident mice and group-housed intruder mice. Residents and intruders were drugged on alternate test days, and all animals received different sequences of drug conditions according to a random schedule. When resident mice were treated with ethylalcohol biphasic effects on resident's aggressive elements were observed: 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg of ethylalcohol increased attack bitings and sideways posture, while 2.0 g/kg of the drug suppressed aggressive elements. On the other hand, when intruder mice were drugged the resident's attack bitings were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. At this time, defensive upright postures of intruder mice were suppressed by the drug. Ethylalcohol at the employed doses did not affect locomotor activity in both resident and intruder mice. The results suggest that ethylalcohol enhances the hostility of resident to the intruding animal and suppresses the anxiety of an intruder to the attacking animal. PMID- 6682825 TI - Specific rate of growth of buds related to the genealogical age of the parent cell in Candida utilis. AB - Specific growth rate, specific rate of oxygen consumption calculated per unit cell mass and substrate consumption were followed during the (S + G2) phase of the cell cycle of Candida utilis, when the cell mass increase occurs due to bud growth. Scar-free cells and cells with one and more scars were investigated. Buds of the mother scar-bearing cells grew more slowly. Oxygen was used up at the same rate, whereas glucose was utilized more rapidly. PMID- 6682826 TI - ["Two route chemotherapy" of intra-arterial cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and intravenous administration of its antidote, sodium thiosulfate, for rat bladder tumor]. PMID- 6682828 TI - Plasma cells and their precursors. III. Late phases of anti-bovine serum albumin IgG antibody responses depend upon newly produced IgG B-memory cells. AB - The sequential appearance of the IgG antibody clones constituting the primary, secondary or tertiary response to BSA was studied in individual rabbits by relating antibody titers, antibody affinities, and clonal spectra obtained by IEF. The results showed that after a single i.v. injection of BSA, the primary response IgG antibodies peaked at day 11 and had a constant and low average affinity during the first 20 days. A slow rise of affinity was observed during the following 20 days. In this period, new IgG antibody clones appeared, though antibody titers decreased. A number of these newly appearing, so-called late phase clones were isolated by preparative IEF. Their affinities to BSA were high. Secondary responses showed the rapid rise of both titers and antibody affinities typical for the activity of B-memory AFC. One animal immunized for a tertiary response showed a still further increase of antibody affinity in its late phase. These results, together with those described in two earlier papers (1, 2), demonstrate that primary immunization, apart from triggering preexisting IgG AFCP into production of antibodies having low affinity, elicits the origination of IgG (B-memory)-AFCP capable of producing high affinity IgG upon antigenic triggering, and show that some of these may already be triggered during the ongoing response, thereby giving rise to the so-called late phase in the primary IgG antibody response. PMID- 6682827 TI - Genetic control of platelet glutaminase: a twin study. AB - The extent of genetic determination of platelet glutaminase was evaluated by sampling 13 monozygotic and 11 dizygotic adult male twin pairs. Intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.96 for monozygotic and 0.53 for dizygotic twins together with high heritability estimates indicate a strong genetic component. PMID- 6682829 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of antibody-producing cells in adult lamprey. AB - Antibody-producing cells were localized in the fat column of adult lamprey previously immunized with 'O'RBC. These cells were visualized using rabbit anti lamprey antibody antiserum in the peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunocytochemical technique. Specificity of the rabbit anti-lamprey antibody antiserum was determined by absorbing the antiserum with 'O'RBC coated with a variety of antibody- and non-antibody-containing serum fractions. PMID- 6682830 TI - Effect of drugs influencing central 5-hydroxytryptamine mechanisms on amantadine induced stereotyped behaviour in the rat. AB - Pretreatment with L-tryptophan, a precursor of 5-HT, was found to decrease the intensity of stereotyped behaviour induced by amantadine, while methysergide, a 5 HT antagonist, was found to increase the intensity of amantadine-induced stereotypy. These results suggest that the intensity of amantadine-induced stereotypy depends on the balance between central dopamine and 5-HT systems and that the central 5-HT systems may have an opposing, tonic effect upon central dopamine systems involved in the mediation of stereotypy. In contrast to L tryptophan, however, pretreatment with quipazine, a 5-HT agonist, and clomipramine, a selective 5-HT neuronal reuptake blocker, was found to potentiate the stereotyped behaviour induced by amantadine. PMID- 6682831 TI - Gonadotrophin-induced ovulation in melengestrol acetate treated female goat. AB - Adult, Black Bengal goats synchronized to oestrus with Melengestrol Acetate (MGA) could be subjected to superovulation with 1000 IU of the Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin (PMSG). However, with 500 IU of PMSG higher rate of ovulation observed only in goats above one year age was not significant. Results indicate that the successful superovulation in MGA synchronized goats depend both on the dosage of the PMSG, as well as upon the age of the treated animal. PMID- 6682832 TI - Can carbofuran be of use in 'chemical control' of hook worm? PMID- 6682833 TI - Induction of a novel morphological response in Chinese hamster ovary cells by pertussis toxin. AB - Exposing Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture to pertussis toxin resulted in a novel clustered growth pattern. The specificity of the response for pertussis toxin was shown by neutralization of the activity with specific anti-toxin antibody, heat lability (80 degrees C for 15 min), and absence of such activity by culture media from nontoxigenic Bordetella species. Although a lag of at least 16 h was required before clustered growth was seen, exposure to the toxin for as little as 10 min resulted in a full response 24 h later. The morphological effect appeared to be independent of the cyclic AMP-mediated cell elongation elicited by the heat-labile enterotoxin from Vibrio cholerae in that the pertussis toxin effect was seen in both the presence and absence of elongation. Although the mechanism by which this effect is mediated remains to be determined, it is already providing a useful in vitro assay for pertussis toxin. PMID- 6682835 TI - Repetitive testing and storage of human effector cells in natural killing and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Daily variation in natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays is problematic. When fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from 4 donors were tested repeatedly, the ADCC and NK values tended to fall in the same rank order on each day tested, suggesting that repetitive assay of control donors could serve as an index for daily variation. Cryopreservation of PBM resulted in decreased and quite variable recovery of ADCC and NK. Cryopreservation, therefore, would not be an adequate control for daily variation. Storage of PBM at 4 degrees C for 24 h resulted in better recovery of ADCC and NK activities than did cryopreservation. PMID- 6682834 TI - Protection in rabbits immunized with a vaccine of Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin cross-linked to the heat-labile toxin B subunit. AB - Rabbits and rats were immunized with a vaccine consisting of synthetically produced Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin cross-linked by the carbodiimide reaction to the B subunit of biologically produced porcine heat-labile toxin. The vaccine contained 50% of each toxin component by weight and antigenicity; the toxicity of the heat-stable enterotoxin component was reduced by greater than 600 fold. Two or three peroral immunizations with vaccine containing 1,000 antigen units of each component raised greater-than-threefold increases in specific mucosal immunoglobulin A antitoxin titers to each component in all animal groups. Protection index values for challenge with either heat-labile or heat-stable toxins in ligated ileal loops were 3.4 to 4.0 in rats immunized by a parenteral primary immunization followed by two peroral booster immunizations, greater than 9 in rabbits immunized by these routes, and greater than 8 in rabbits given just three peroral immunizations. The antigenicity of the B-subunit component of the peroral vaccine was protected equally well against gastric acidity either by pretreatment with cimetidine or by delivery of the vaccine encapsulated in pH dependent microspheres. The vaccine did not cause diarrhea when given perorally to any of the experimental animals or evoke fluid secretion when instilled into rabbit ligated ileal loops. These observations (i) confirm the effectiveness of this vaccine as an immunogen in a second animal model, (ii) establish that it is effective when given exclusively by the peroral route, and (iii) provide further evidence regarding its lack of toxicity. PMID- 6682836 TI - 3H-estradiol and 3H-R5020 binding in cytosols of normal and neoplastic human ovarian tissue. AB - High-affinity cytoplasmic estrogen and progesterone receptors in normal and abnormal ovarian tissues were studied. Estradiol receptor was detectable in 65% and progesterone receptor in 36% of the malignant tumors; 39% of all malignant ovarian tissues were estradiol- as well as progesterone-receptor-positive. Tumors were said to be receptor-positive when the receptors bound greater than 5 fM steroid/mg cytosol protein. No correlations were found between receptor status and histopathological diagnosis. In normal ovarian tissues collected at various phases of the menstrual cycle no changes in [3H]-estradiol and [3H]-R5020 binding could be detected. Analysis of the receptor concentration for both steroid hormones with regard to the menopausal status demonstrated highest levels in postmenopausal women. No significant difference could be found when two groups of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma associated with the cytosol estrogen receptor status were compared in terms of two different therapeutic schemes (cytosolic chemotherapy with and without tamoxifen). PMID- 6682837 TI - HLA identity in siblings with focal glomerulosclerosis. AB - Two HLA identical siblings developed focal glomerulosclerosis at about 15 years of age. To our knowledge, this is a unique case of the familial nephrotic syndrome because this is both the latest onset ever reported and the first description of HLA identity. We suggest that the pathogenesis of renal disease in these siblings involved an interaction of a shared genetic susceptibility and a common environment. PMID- 6682838 TI - The zonules and the elastic microfibrillar system in the ciliary body. AB - It has been proposed that elastic fibers occur in some tissues as a three-part interconnecting system. The system includes two sizes of elastin-containing fibers surrounded by tubular microfibrils (elastic microfibrils), besides isolated bundles of tubular microfibrils without elastin (oxytalan fibers). This little-studied system was identified in the bovine ciliary body by light and electron microscopy. Its architecture varied regionally, suggesting different vectors of tractional force in the anterior and posterior ciliary body related to accommodation. Zonular fibers had the staining characteristics of oxytalan fibers, and their fibrils were ultrastructurally similar to the tubular microfibrils around elastic fibers and those composing oxytalan fibers. Antibodies to microfibrillar protein bound to zonules and to tubular microfibrils in all sites. This is the first evidence that tubular microfibrils both with and without elastin share antigenic determinants and confirms the close antigenic relationship of the zonules to this class of proteins. PMID- 6682839 TI - [The autoinoculation test. False-positive reactions caused by herpes simplex virus]. AB - The autoinoculation test has been used as a diagnostic procedure in patients with chancroid-suspected genital ulcerations. In four of 13 patients with a positive autoinoculation test, herpes simplex virus type 2 was isolated from the primary lesions. In two of the cases this virus was also isolated from the inoculation site, and one patient developed a recurrent herpetic eruption here. Two patients were proven to have chancroid. Three of the remaining seven patients developed recurrent herpes genitalis later. It is concluded that the autoinoculation test should be avoided as a diagnostic procedure because of lack of specificity and risk of inducing recurrent herpes simplex at the site of inoculation. PMID- 6682840 TI - [Hemangiosarcoma in a naevus teleangiectaticus lateralis]. PMID- 6682841 TI - Genetic influence on natural cytotoxicity and interferon production in multiple sclerosis studies in monozygotic discordant twins. AB - A dysfunction in natural killer (NK) cell activity has been assumed to play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). To investigate whether such a defect is genetically determined and thus in combination with a certain HLA status may represent an additional risk factor for contracting MS, spontaneous and interferon (IFN) induced NK cells activity against the K562 target cell were analyzed in nine pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for MS. In addition, IFN production was tested in nonadherent lymphocytes stimulated with PHA, influenza virus or leukemia cells. When compared to healthy controls, NK function appeared to be normal in healthy twins, whereas some MS patient displayed decreased activity. No difference in IFN induced NK cell activity and IFN production could be detected between normal controls, healthy twins, and MS patients. These data argue against a genetically determined dysfunction within the NK-IFN system in patients with MS. PMID- 6682842 TI - The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the uptake of cisplatin from the urinary bladder of the dog: a pilot study. PMID- 6682843 TI - Long term regeneration of cis-platinum and X ray treated human tumor nodules maintained in continuous organotypic culture. AB - A simple method for maintaining tumor cells in continuous three-dimensional culture, derived from Wolff's organotypic technique, has been used to study the effects of cis-platinum and X rays on growth inhibition, regrowth and long term regeneration of cultures maintained in low traumatizing conditions (absence of enzymatic dissociation of the cells and the possibility of avoiding subculturing, if necessary). The tumor nodules were derived from cells of the A 549 lung carcinoma cell line. The nodules developed an alveolar structure. After 1 h treatment with 15 micrograms/ml cis-platinum the growth of the nodules was slightly inhibited during the first 10 days, and then resumed normal growth. After treatment with 100 micrograms/ml cis-platinum, growth inhibition lasted longer and regrowth was observed after about 30 days. Treatment with 300 micrograms/ml of cis-platinum induced cell necrosis and loss of alveolar structures. Forty days later, regeneration occurred; two months after the drug treatment, the reconstituted nodules could be routinely subcultured. A single 15 Gy X ray dose (inducing a 0.005% survival in A 549 monolayer cells, n = 8; D0 = 1.4 Gy; Dq = 1.48) caused an early growth inhibition of about 25%. The alveolar structures disappeared. Alveolar structures reappeared in 17% of the nodules 50 days after irradiation. A slight regrowth was observed 90 days after the irradiation. A 549 nodules supported an about 20-fold higher cis-platinum concentration than monolayer cells. An almost lethal X ray dose (15 Gy, inducing a survival of 0.005%) for monolayer cells induced a prolonged lag phase in nodules followed by a slight but regular regrowth. These results support the idea that cells maintained in three dimensional culture are more resistant to radiation and drug-induced injury than monolayer cells. The organotypic culture method may be a useful tool for determining the activity of antitumoral agents. PMID- 6682844 TI - A drug dilemma. PMID- 6682845 TI - Surgical treatment of severe flexural deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint in young horses. PMID- 6682846 TI - Abdominal abscess associated with Parascaris equorum infection in a foal. PMID- 6682847 TI - Iridectomies in extracapsular cataract surgery. PMID- 6682848 TI - Anterior chamber lens subluxation through a basal peripheral iridectomy. AB - The superior supporting footplate of the Tennant-Anchor anterior chamber lens can subluxate through a basal peripheral iridectomy. In each of the three cases reported herein, the implant migrated superiorly along the ciliary body pars plana. In two cases, the lens implant was stabilized by adhesions of the superior supporting footplate to the ciliary body. In the third case, lens movement (pseudophakodonesis) caused the inferior lens footplate to rub against the corneal endothelium, producing secondary iridocyclitis and cystoid macular edema which required intraocular lens removal and exchange. This complication may be prevented by performing a mid-peripheral iridectomy or iridotomy rather than a large basal iridectomy. PMID- 6682849 TI - Histology and fine structure of the muscularis mucosae of the human urinary bladder. AB - Study of biopsy specimens has revealed the presence of a muscularis mucosae in all regions of the human urinary bladder. The muscularis mucosae is discontinuous and consists of irregularly-arranged muscle bundles composed of relatively small diameter smooth muscle cells. These cells are both morphologically and histochemically distinct from those forming the detrusor muscle, being rich in non-specific cholinesterase and glycogen. However, like detrusor muscle, the muscularis mucosae is richly supplied with acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibres. In the electron microscope, the constituent smooth muscle cells possess an extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum and large, peripheral clusters of dense glycogen granules; the myofilaments are confined to the central regions of the cells. Numerous intercellular junctions occur between adjacent cells while presumptive cholinergic nerve terminals containing small agranular and large granulated vesicles lie in close proximity to the muscle cells' surface. PMID- 6682850 TI - Growth of the cartilages of the mid-line cranial base: a radiographic and histological study. AB - The importance of controlling litter size in growth studies is verified for Rattus norvegicus. A method of studying growth of the cranial base bones in the median sagittal plane is described and figures for growth rate in micrometres per day have been produced for the age range 4-480 days. The age range 4 to 80 days is identified as the period when 50% of growth takes place and therefore as a period which is particularly useful for growth studies. The presence of a caudorostral gradient in growth rate is suggested by the results. The nomenclature of the cell zones in endochondral growth sites is reviewed and the use of the term matrixogenic is offered to describe and identify more accurately one of the functional zones in endochondral growth sites. PMID- 6682851 TI - Endometrial granulocytes of the pregnant hamster. AB - The appearance and distribution of endometrial granulocytes in the pregnant hamster were studied by light and electron microscopy. They first appeared in the tissue spaces of the mesometrial decidua and in the decidual sheaths of the spiral arteries. At the base of the mesometrial triangle they were restricted to the cellular sheaths of the arterial channels supplying the chorio-allantoic placenta and were not diffusely distributed throughout the mesometrial triangle. The endometrial granulocytes of the pregnant hamster uterus appear to be similar in structure and distribution to the granulated metrial gland cells of rats and mice and are not restricted, as previous literature suggests, to the walls of arterial channels. PMID- 6682852 TI - New trichoverroids from Myrothecium verrucaria: 16-hydroxytrichodermadienediols. PMID- 6682853 TI - Effects of late castration, zeranol and breed group on growth, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of late maturing bovine males. AB - A total of 280 young bulls representing five breed groups with an average age of about 1 yr were assigned to five experimental treatments as follows: (1) emasculator castration at d 0, (2) surgical castration at d 0, (3) intact, (4) intact and implanted at d 0 and 70 with 36 mg of zeranol and (5) intact and implanted at d 0 with 72 mg zeranol. All animals were slaughtered and carcass data were collected after a feeding period of 141 d. Method of castration did not affect rate of gain. Intact males not implanted with zeranol gained 38.6% more (P less than .01) during the 141 d period than castrate males. Intact males from the two zeranol implant treatment groups did not differ from each other in gain, but averaged 11.1% more (P less than .01) during the 141 d period than males from the intact treatment group not implanted. Castrate males required 40.4% more (P less than .01) metabolizable energy (ME) and dry matter (DM)/kg gain than intact males not implanted, but intact males implanted with zeranol did not require less (P greater than .05) ME or DM/kg gain than intact males not implanted. Males castrated at about 1 yr showed a progressive decrease in secondary sex characteristics during the 141 d feeding period, while males from the three intact treatments showed a progressive increase. Zeranol did not have an effect on testicular weight or on aggressive male behavioral characteristics. Castrate males had greater (P less than .01) fat thickness at 12th rib, higher (P less than .01) marbling score and lower (P less than .01) cutability and retail product percentage than the males from the three intact treatments, which did not differ (P greater than .05) from each other in traits associated with carcass composition. The effect of treatment on lean color score, though significant, was not of major importance; all treatments produced meat of acceptable color. The longissimus muscle of castrate males had a finer texture (P less than .01) than longissimus muscle from males from intact treatments, which did not differ from each other (P greater than .05). PMID- 6682854 TI - Selection in guinea pigs: I. Estimation of phenotypic and genetic parameters for litter size and body weight. AB - Data on 202 sires, 718 dams and 3,192 progeny from a selection experiment were used to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters for litter size and body weight in guinea pigs. Effects of sex and parity were estimated. Heritability estimates were obtained from offspring-parent regression and from intraclass correlation of paternal and maternal half-sibs. Genetic and phenotypic correlations also were estimated. Parity effects were significant only for weight traits. Sex effects were significant for weights at several ages. Significant negative linear effects of number born alive were found for birth, weaning and 13 wk weights. Heritability estimates from daughter-dam regression were .10 +/- .05, .06 +/- .02 and .08 +/- .02 for number born, number born alive and number weaned and .12 +/- .03, -.13 +/- .03 and .12 +/- .02 for birth, weaning and 13-wk weights, respectively. Paternal half-sib heritability estimates were .02 +/- .04, .10 +/- .04 and .17 +/- .05 for birth, weaning and 13-wk weights. Heritability values from components for maternal half-sibs were .30 +/- .30, .16 +/- .31 and .15 +/- .31 for number born, number born alive and number weaned, respectively. Genetic correlations among weights at different ages were .24 to 1.2 and among litter size traits were .51 to .77. Genetic correlations between litter size traits and birth and weaning weights ranged from -.61 to -.97; whereas correlations of litter size traits with 13-wk weight were .31 to .39. Genetic parameters estimated from similarity among relatives agreed very well with realized heritabilities and genetic correlations obtained from selection. PMID- 6682855 TI - Selection in guinea pigs: II. Direct response for litter size and body weight. AB - Four generations of selection for litter size, 13-wk weight and an index combining litter size and 13-wk body weight were conducted in a guinea pig population formed by intercrossing several local lines from different areas of Peru. A random selection control line was maintained also. Responses in the selected traits per generation were .069 +/- .069, 19.1 g +/- 16.2 and 2.5 +/- 20.3 for the litter size, 13-wk weight and index lines, respectively. Realized heritabilities were estimated by two methods. Estimates obtained from regression of response on cumulative selection differentials were .01 +/- .45 for litter size, .27 +2- .06 for 13-wk weight and -.09 +/- .13 for index values. Estimates from weighted multiple regression procedures were .07 +/- .01, .18 +/- .004 and .04 +/- .01 for litter size, 13-wk weight and index, respectively. PMID- 6682856 TI - Selection in guinea pigs: III. Correlated responses to selection for litter size and body weight. AB - Correlated responses in number born, number born alive, number weaned, birth weight, weaning weight, 13-wk weight and index were evaluated in a guinea pig population after four generations of single trait and index selection for number born alive and 13-wk weight. Regressions of correlated response on generation number in the 13-wk weight line were all positive, but were significant only for birth weight (5.65 +/- .66 g) and index (25.58 +/- 9.90). In the litter size line, significant responses were found for 13-wk weight (21.17 +/- 5.34 g) and birth weight (.80 +/- .21 g). All other responses in this line, except number weaned (-.05 +/- .08), were positive but nonsignificant. There were no significant trends in the index line. Regression coefficients from weighted multiple regression analyses suggested significant improvement in number born (.07 +/- .002), number born alive (.006 +/- .002) and number weaned (.01 +/- .001) in the 13-wk weight line. Regression values in the litter size line were .03 +/- .001 and -.04 +/- .001 for number born and number weaned, respectively. The other regressions were positive but nonsignificant except for weaning weight, which was nonsignificantly negative. None of the correlated responses to index selection was significant. Realized genetic correlations between 13-wk weight and number born alive and index were .37 +/- 1.54 and .31 +/- .98, respectively. The correlation between index and number born alive was .19 +/- 5.18. PMID- 6682857 TI - Increased litter size in gilts by intrauterine infusion of seminal and sperm antigens before breeding. AB - Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of exposure of the uterus to semen at least 3 wk before breeding on subsequent reproductive performance. In Exp. 1, uterine exposure to semen was performed three times. At least 3 wk elapsed between each treatment. Control gilts received saline infusion. All gilts were bred by artificial insemination using semen from the same boars used for semen treatment. At farrowing, significantly more (10.35 vs 8.39) pigs/litter were produced by semen-treated gilts than controls. However, due to a disease outbreak (porcine parvovirus) during the last two-thirds of the farrowing period, live pigs born and litter size at 2 wk were not statistically different between the two groups. Gilts that farrowed were rebred and no difference in their reproductive performance for second litters was noted. For Exp. 2 and 3, a single semen treatment was given using freeze-thaw killed semen at estrus before breeding. Within both Exp. 2 and 3, semen-treated gilts had a larger average litter size, but no significant differences were detected. When data for nondiseased animals in Exp. 1 and animals in Exp. 2 and 3 were pooled, it was found that total pigs born (P less than .01), live pigs born (P less than .01) and live litter birth weight (P less than .1) were all greater in semen-treated gilts than in controls. Thus, these results indicate that reproductive efficiency in gilts can be improved by intrauterine treatment with boar semen before insemination to elicit conception. PMID- 6682858 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of trace amounts of nitrite in egg, egg white, and egg yolk. AB - A simple, sensitive, and practical method is described for determination of nitrite in egg, egg white, and egg yolk. Egg is deproteinized by adding a mixture of ammonium thiocyanate, mercuric chloride, and zinc acetate, and centrifuged. Nitrite in the supernate is converted to tetrazolophthalazine by reaction with hydralazine in acidic solution and then determined by gas-liquid chromatography with an electron-capture detector (GLC-ECD) and a column of OV-225 on Chromosorb W(HP). Nitrite concentrations from 5 to 50 ng/mL are calculated from peak height; the detection limit is 3 ng/mL extract. Recoveries from eggs, egg whites, and egg yolks ranged from 91.7 to 98.0%. The mean nitrite concentration in 50 egg samples was 0.04 ppm (0.01-0.11 ppm) with a detection limit of 4 ng nitrite/g. PMID- 6682859 TI - Genetic aspects of atopic disorders. PMID- 6682860 TI - Possible role of lectins in mycoparasitism. AB - Lectin activity in a host-mycoparasite relationship was demonstrated with Rhizoctonia solani and Trichoderma harzianum. Attachment of O but not A and B erythrocytes to hyphae occurred on R. solani but not on its mycoparasite. This phenomenon, which was Ca2+ and Mn2+ dependent, was prevented by galactose, present in T. harzianum cell walls, and by fucose. PMID- 6682862 TI - Strategy of glycerolipid separation and quantitation by complementary analytical techniques. Plenary lecture. AB - Although improved systems for chromatographic resolution continue to be developed there is good reason to believe that no single method will be capable fo complete separation of all lipid mixtures including the geometric, positional and stereochemical isomers in each molecular species. Furthermore, the chromatographic systems giving the highest resolution usually yield the least complete recoveries of components and require separate procedures of quantitation. It is therefore necessary to develop appropriate strategies that yield the required resolution as a result of consecutive application of complementary analytical techniques. At the present time, the original combination of thin-layer and gas--liquid chromatography has been joined by the combination of thin-layer and liquid, and liquid and gas--liquid chromatography with both liquid and gas--liquid chromatography being frequently coupled to mass spectrometry with computerized data processing. Internal standardization with hydrogen flame ionization provides a simple quantitative detection for gas chromatography, while mass spectrometry serves a similar purpose in liquid chromatography, although a much more extensive calibration may be required for quantitation. Special advantages for both separation and quantitation of most neutral lipid mixtures are derived from enzymic and chemical modification of the samples prior to chromatography. With imaginative work-up of samples, superior qualitative and quantitative results can frequently be obtained by appropriate combination of chromatographic techniques of limited resolving power. PMID- 6682861 TI - Vimentin filaments are assembled from a soluble precursor in avian erythroid cells. AB - The synthesis and assembly of vimentin was studied in erythroid cells from 10-d old chicken embryos. After various periods of [35S]methionine incorporation, cells were lysed in a Triton X-100-containing buffer and separated into a soluble and an insoluble (cytoskeletal) fraction. Analysis of these two fractions by two dimensional gel electrophoresis shows that vimentin is almost exclusively present in the cytoskeletal fraction and that newly synthesized vimentin is rapidly incorporated into this fraction. However, after a short pulse-labeling period, a prominent labeled protein at the position of vimentin is present in the soluble fraction. By immunoautoradiography and immunoprecipitations with vimentin antibodies, this protein was identified as vimentin. The vimentin in the soluble fraction is not sedimented by high speed centrifugation, suggesting that it does not consist of short filaments. After different pulse-labeling periods, assembly of newly synthesized vimentin in the cytoskeletal fraction increases linearly, while the radioactivity in the soluble vimentin remains constant. During a 2-h pulse-chase period, the vimentin in the soluble fraction is chased into the cytoskeletal fraction, with a half-life of 7 min. These results suggest that in chicken embryo erythroid cells newly synthesized vimentin is rapidly assembled into filaments from a soluble precursor. PMID- 6682863 TI - Trace analysis for cis-platinum anti-cancer drugs via LCEC. AB - Liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (LCEC) methods and instrumentation have been successfully applied for the trace determination of at least three separate platinum (Pt) anti-cancer (neoplastic) agents. All of these compounds have proven clinically effective in the treatment of human neoplasms. The three Pt derivatives studied were: cis-dichloro diammine platinum (cis-Pt); cis-diammine-1, 1-cyclobutane dicarboxylate platinum (CBDCA); and cis-dichloro trans-dihydroxy diisopropylamine platinum (CHIP). The parent compound, cis-Pt (CDDP), can be determined via both oxidative and reductive LCEC, with differences in the minimum limits of detection. Calibration plots and minimum detection limits have been determined for all three derivatives. Both CBDCA and CHIP can be determined via direct LCEC, but the minimum detection limits for CBDCA are not practical for stability or clinical studies. A new method of derivatization for CBDCA and related Pt compounds has been developed, wherein this can be quantitatively converted to cis-Pt, and the final derivative is then determined as for the parent cis-Pt. CDDP can be determined via reductive LCEC at the 100 ppb level in plasma. The final methods of LCEC analysis have now been applied to a variety of stability studies with all three Pt drugs, in water, plasma, and saline infusion solutions. It is suggested that these LCEC methods are directly applicable and amenable to "real world" clinical settings and cancer-patient samples. PMID- 6682864 TI - Hepatic oxygen and glucose metabolism in the fetal lamb. Response to hypoxia. AB - Although the fetal liver is an active metabolic organ, its oxygen and glucose requirements have not previously been described. We measured hepatic blood flows and the oxygen and glucose differences across the liver in 12 late gestation fetal lambs in utero. Four animals were studied at least 1 wk postsurgically and again 2-5 d later to assess daily variations in hepatic blood flow and metabolism (group I). A second group of eight animals was studied 3-5 d postsurgically during a control period and during acute fetal hypoxia (group II). Under control conditions total hepatic blood flow averaged 400 ml/min per 100 g in both groups, and 75-80% was of umbilical origin. Liver blood flow and oxygen consumption were usually similar during repeated measurements, but in one animal varied considerably. During periods of normoxia, oxygen consumption for both the right and left lobes of liver was 4 ml/min per 100 g. Oxygen consumption of the whole liver accounted for 20% of total fetal oxygen consumption. This was achieved with oxygen extraction of 10-15%, so that hepatic venous blood was well oxygenated and provided an important source of oxygen for other fetal tissues. Under control conditions we could demonstrate no net hepatic uptake or release of glucose suggesting that the liver ultimately utilizes another carbon source to support its oxidative metabolism. During acute hypoxia total liver blood flow and its umbilical venous contribution both fell by 20%. Blood flow to the right lobe of the liver fell twice as much as that to the left lobe. Hepatic oxygen consumption was linearly related to oxygen delivery during the control and hypoxic periods. Consequently, right hepatic oxygen uptake fell by 45% whereas left hepatic oxygen uptake was unchanged, suggesting a functional difference between the lobes. During hypoxia glucose was released from both liver lobes; 6 mg/min per 100 g for the right lobe and 9 mg/min per 100 g for the left lobe. Total hepatic release of glucose was estimated to nearly equal umbilical uptake, so that 45% of the glucose available to fetal tissues was of hepatic origin. We conclude that the fetal liver responds to acute hypoxia by reducing its own oxygen consumption and releasing glucose to facilitate anaerobic metabolism. PMID- 6682865 TI - Performance of young calves fed soybean protein replacers. AB - In two 12-wk trials we evaluated soybean protein in calf milk replacers. In trial 1, twelve 5-day-old Holstein calves were allotted randomly to three milk replacers. The diets contained 26% crude protein. In trial 2, 18 calves were used and the diet contained 30% crude protein. In trial 1 period 1 (10 to 15 days), mean coefficients of apparent digestibility (%) for milk protein, soy protein concentrate, and full fat soy flour replacers were dry matter 92.0, 70.0, 71.0; protein 90.1, 56.6, 61.3; fat 88.9, 55.0, 53.2;; and ash 85.8, 62.5, 61.2. Average daily nitrogen retentions were 10.8, -1.24, and -.7 g. Results in period 2 (30 to 35 days) for digestibilities and nitrogen retention showed considerable improvement over those in period 1. In trial 2 period 1, mean coefficients of apparent digestibility (%) for milk protein, soy protein concentrate, and defatted soy flour replacers were dry matter 87.5, 66.6, 47.9; protein 80.5, 57.2, 28.5; fat 81.5, 55.9, 33.5; and ash 83.8, 58.9, 48.4. Average daily nitrogen retentions were 10.8, 2.9, and -3.6 g. Results in period 2 for digestibilities and nitrogen retention also showed considerable improvement. Calves are able to use soy based replacers more effectively with age. PMID- 6682866 TI - Evaluation of cow reproduction in the pureline foundation phase of the Canadian National Dairy Cattle Breeding Project. AB - Five reproduction traits--number of inseminations per cow, days to first estrus, days open, calving interval, and culling rate for infertility--were studied on dairy cows from a long-term breeding project of the Agriculture Canada Research Branch. Five experimental farms maintained either Holstein line, Ayrshire line, or both. Traits were analyzed within each line by a model in which station, year, sire group (paternal parentage), and bull (cow's mate) were considered. Variation these factors caused was small; most represented less than 1% of the total sum of squares. Holstein cows at Lethbridge, Lennoxville, and Ottawa had 1.9, 2.3, and 2.0 inseminations per cow, 55.1, 63.9, and 51.2 days to first estrus, and 109.9, 125.2, and 112.4 days open. The same traits of Ayrshire cows at Charlottetown, Normandin, and Ottawa were 2.3, 2.2, and 2.0; 53.3, 61.4, and 53.0 days; and 105.2, 129.2, and 114.5 days. All three traits were derived from records of all cows, including those that did not complete calving intervals. Calving interval at all five stations varied from 376.1 to 412.4 days. Intensity of culling for infertility differed between stations, e.g., 5% in one and 31% in another. About 24% of all disposed cows were culled in both lines for infertility. PMID- 6682867 TI - Increased androgen binding in keloids: a preliminary communication. AB - Sex hormone binding protein analyses were performed on six keloids, the adjacent skin, and on six simple scars. A high level of androgen binding (510 to 1149 Fm/mg of cytosol protein) was found in the keloids. The estrogen and progesterone binding activities were low. Para-keloid tissues were found to have androgen binding of 177 to 476 Fm/mg of cytosol protein. Once again, estrogen and progesterone binding activities were low. In six simple scars, androgen binding was less than 1/10 of that found in the keloids (37 to 60 Fm/mg of cytosol protein); estrogen and progesterone binding was so low that it was almost undetectable. We believe this data suggests that localized hyperandrogen metabolism may play a causal or at least contributory role in the pathogenesis of keloids. PMID- 6682868 TI - Metabolism of AC 206,784 herbicide [2-chloro-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-N-(1 methylethyl)acetamide] in soybean plants. PMID- 6682869 TI - Determination of cyanide in soybeans and soybean products. PMID- 6682870 TI - Varietal influence on the quantity of glycinin in soybeans. PMID- 6682871 TI - Soybean isoflavones: effect of environment and variety on composition. PMID- 6682872 TI - Immunochemical quantitation of airborne short ragweed, Alternaria, antigen E, and Alt-I allergens: a two-year prospective study. AB - We conducted a 2 yr prospective study to measure atmospheric short ragweed and Alternaria allergens by RAST inhibition analysis of eluates from filter sheets exposed in air samplers. In both years ragweed pollen and Alternaria spore counts, obtained with a rotoslide sampler, correlated significantly with immunochemically measured airborne ragweed and Alternaria allergenic activity. Airborne levels of the purified allergens AgE and Alt-I were successfully quantitated; these levels correlated closely with total airborne ragweed and Alternaria allergenic activities, respectively, and also with ragweed pollen and Alternaria spore counts. Eluates from filter sheets exposed during late summer and fall produced positive wheal-and-flare skin tests in patients with fall hay fever. In both years immunochemical measurements of allergenic activity due to airborne short ragweed correlated closely with mean symptom score indices in groups of short ragweed-sensitive individuals. Measurable levels of atmospheric ragweed allergenic activity were noted before and after the ragweed pollination season, and at these times we noted small increases in mean symptom score indices in the short ragweed-sensitive groups. Thus immunochemical analyses provide important information concerning levels of environmental allergens. PMID- 6682873 TI - Microbial degradation of trifluralin by Aspergillus carneus, Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma viride. AB - 3H-Trifluralin was synthesized by condensation of 3H-4-chloro-3,5-dinitro-alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluorotoluene with di-n-propylamine. After incubation of trifluralin with Aspergillus carneus, Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma viride for 10 days, a small percentage (less than 10%) of unchanged herbicide was recovered in the extractable fraction. This indicates a fairly rapid degradation of the herbicide by the fungal species. Other than trifluralin, the culture medium contained at least five labelled products: 2,6-dinitro-N-n-propyl-alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-p-toluidine; 2,6-dinitro-alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-p toluidine; 2-amino-6-nitro-alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-p-toluidine, 2,6-dinitro 4-trifluoromethyl phenol and a major polar product which constituted more than 50% of the total extractable transformation products. A pathway, which simulates that of aerobic degradation of the herbicide in soil, is suggested for the microbiological degradation of trifluralin. PMID- 6682874 TI - Immunopathology of murine experimental allergic orchitis. AB - Experimental allergic orchitis (EAO) was induced consistently in BALB/c mice by immunization with homologous testicular tissue homogenate emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) providing that the animals had received simultaneously at least 1 microgram of an extract of Bordetella pertussis rich in pertussigen. All animals thus treated developed orchitis and serum antibody to testicular antigens within 20 days after immunization. The lesions were located in testis (100%), rete testis (37%), cauda epididymis (21%), and vas deferens (37%). Ductus efferentes and caput epididymis were only rarely affected. Early lesions in the seminiferous tubules were characterized by peritubular and/or intratubular accumulation of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. This was followed by aspermatogenesis. Late lesions included massive necrosis and extensive fibrosis of the seminiferous tubules. Disruption of blood-testis barrier on day 20 was evidenced by the detection of 1) perfused lanthanum deposits between Sertoli cells and surrounding inflammatory cells inside the seminiferous tubules, 2) deposits of endogenous mouse IgG in germinal epithelium, and 3) probable immune complexes (granular C3) surrounding seminiferous tubules. Murine EAO differed from that of the guinea pig in the lack of involvement of the ductus efferentes, the extensive necrosis, the abundant polymorphonuclear eosinophils in the lesion, and the exquisite requirement of concomitant injection of B. pertussis extract. PMID- 6682875 TI - Effect of Bordetella pertussis leukocytosis (lymphocytosis)-promoting factor (LPF) on the physical lymphoepithelial-cell association studied with the use of an in vitro model of mouse thymus. AB - The effect of highly purified leukocytosis (lymphocytosis)-promoting factor (LPF) of Bordetella pertussis on physical lymphocyte and reticuloepithelial (RE) cell association was studied in an in vitro thymus model. First, a simplified in vitro system to assess the lympho-RE-cell association was developed. A completely confluent layer of thymic RE cells was formed by cultivating trypsinized thymus cell suspensions from 2- to 7-day-old mice. When thymic lymphoid cells were seeded on this cell layer and cultivated overnight, a significant proportion of them were found underneath the RE cell layer. This physical lympho-RE-cell association was quantitated by counting the lymphoid cells underneath the RE cell layers. Second, the effect of LPF on this physical lympho-RE-cell association phenomenon was investigated. Addition of LPF to the culture markedly inhibited the formation of the lympho-RE-cell complex; that is, it inhibited the infiltration of lymphoid cells under the RE cell layer. LPF rendered a nearly maximal level of inhibitory effect at a dose of 0.1 ng/ml. Furthermore, LPF enhanced the liberation of lymphoid cells from preformed lympho-RE-cell complexes. On the other hand, LPF had no direct cytotoxic effect on lymphoid cells at doses below 1 microgram/ml. In order to investigate whether LPF produced the effect by acting on lymphoid cells, RE cells, or both, the following experiments were performed. When lymphoid cells were pretreated with LPF and added to normal RE cell layers, the lympho-RE-cell association was maximally inhibited above the dose of 1 ng/ml. Treatment of these LPF-treated lymphoid cells with anti-LPF antibodies failed to abrogate the effect of LPF. When RE cell layers were similarly pretreated with LPF and were cultivated with normal lymphoid cells, however, much higher doses of LPF, above 100 ng/ml, were required for maximal inhibition. Furthermore, treatment of these LPF-treated RE cells with anti-LPF antibodies abrogated the effect of LPF. Therefore, the apparent effect of LPF on RE cells was considered to be due to the carry-over by RE cells of LPF, which should directly act on lymphoid cells at extremely low doses. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that LPF acted directly on lymphoid cells without mediation of RE cells. These in vitro results appear to parallel the effects of LPF in vivo, where it induces a depletion of cells in the thymus. The model may be useful to study this phenomenon and the concomitant accumulation of blood lymphocytes. PMID- 6682876 TI - Detection of antibody secreting hybridomas with diazobenzyloxymethyl paper: an easy, sensitive and versatile assay. AB - A sensitive and universal assay for the detection of monoclonal antibodies is described. One microliter of each hybrid cell supernatant is transferred to activated diazobenzyloxymethyl paper and, after coating the uncovered activated sites by incubation with bovine serum albumin, the paper is dipped in a solution of 125I-labeled antigen. After incubation to allow for fixation of antigen to antibody present in the supernatants, the paper is rinsed and autoradiographed. As many as 96 wells can be tested on one paper and more than 20 papers can be treated in 1 day (approximately 2000 wells). The sensitivity and reliability of the method were tested with monoclonal antibodies against a subunit of scorpion (Androctonus australis) hemocyanin. Unlike other immunobinding assays the test depends only on antigen-antibody interaction and not on class or subclass of immunoglobulin. It is suitable for a variety of hybridomas. PMID- 6682877 TI - Circadian rhythm of DNA-labeling index in normal human epidermis. PMID- 6682878 TI - Penetration of erythromycin to middle ear fluid of patients with chronic serous otitis media. PMID- 6682879 TI - [46, XY hydatidiform mole--a case report]. PMID- 6682880 TI - Peritoneal fibrinolysis: evidence for the efficiency of the tissue-type plasminogen activator. AB - Blood shed into a closed peritoneal cavity is incoagulable. We have investigated this poorly understood phenomenon in animal experiments. Nonthrombogenic femoral vein-peritoneal cavity shunts were established in five dogs and 10 ml/kg blood admixed with 125I-dog fibrinogen was rapidly drained into the peritoneal cavity. After 1 hr the peritoneal cavity was entered and incoagulable blood aspirated; 125I-fibrinogen Mr distribution was assessed by AGPC, demonstrating complete degradation of fibrinogen into core fragments D and E with no evidence of soluble fibrin complexes or crosslinked fibrin fragments. Peritoneal cavity clotting factors II, V, and VIII and platelets were sharply reduced compared to venous control samples. Plasminogen and antiplasmin levels in peritoneal cavity blood showed mean declines of 17% and 15%, respectively. By comparison, incubation of dog blood with 1 to 2 X 10(3) U/ml urokinase for 1 hr in vitro was insufficient to degrade 125I-dog fibrinogen to core fragments D and E, although plasminogen and antiplasmin were reduced by 66% and 100%, respectively. Pretreatment of dogs with epsilon ACA (0.13 gm/kg, N = 4) resulted in massive intraperitoneal cavity clotting, and aspirated fluid blood contained only small quantities of radiolabel. Heparin treatment (300 U/kg bolus, 150 U/kg/hr infusion; N = 4) eliminated the peritoneal cavity lytic response; analytical gel permeation chromatography consistently demonstrated intact fibrinogen only. Therefore it is apparent that blood in a closed peritoneal cavity undergoes limited clotting followed by brisk plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis as opposed to fibrinogenolysis. The closed peritoneal cavity fibrinolytic response to clotting blood represents a striking example of the efficiency of the "tissue-type" plasminogen activator. PMID- 6682881 TI - Severe childhood deafness in Glasgow, 1965-1979. AB - A survey was conducted of deaf children in the Glasgow area diagnosed between 1965 and 1979 to assess the relative incidences of the known aetiological factors. This took the form of a review of case records supplemented by the use of questionnaires. The results showed small variations from earlier published figures but were broadly similar. The effectiveness of rubella and anti-Rhesus immunization were also evaluated. It was found that more than half of all cases of profound deafness in childhood are acquired rather than inherited and are therefore potentially preventable. PMID- 6682882 TI - Plasminogen activator in rat ovary during the ovulatory process: independence of prostaglandin mediation. AB - To elucidate the possible roles of increased plasminogen activator (PA) in follicular rupture and to investigate whether prostaglandins participate in ovarian PA synthesis in vivo, enzyme activities were sequentially measured by a method using the chromogenic substrate S-2251 in immature rat ovaries primed with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) followed by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) either alone or with a concurrent injection of indomethacin. Before hCG injection PA activity was 0.006 +/- 0.006 (S.D.) mumol/1.6 mg ovarian tissue (wet wt) per 30 min: PA activity of a saline-treated group remained at low levels (less than 0.018 +/- 0.003 mumol/l X 6 mg tissue per 30 min). In contrast, PA activity of animals given hCG alone increased after the treatment, reaching a peak value of 0.112 +/- 0.071 mumol/l X 6 mg tissue per 30 min 12h later, before decreasing to 0.023 +/- 0.014 mumol/l X 6 mg tissue per 30 min at 32 h. Contrary to expectations, a dose of indomethacin which completely blocked ovulation had no effect on either the magnitude or the time-course of PA synthesis after hCG administration (P greater than 0.05). These results indicate that prostaglandins are not involved in the preovulatory synthesis of PA induced by hCG in rat ovaries and that PA is not a primary proteolytic enzyme for follicular rupture. It is suggested that PA has possible roles in cumulus detachment and/or proliferation of granulosa cells during the ovulatory process. PMID- 6682883 TI - In vitro differentiation of human monocytes. Monocytes cultured on glass are cytotoxic to tumor cells but monocytes cultured on collagen are not. AB - Cultivation of human blood monocytes on glass gives rise to cells nonspecifically cytotoxic to tumor cells. If the monocytes are cultured on collagen gels with no contact with glass, no such cytotoxic activity is induced. Killing appeared to be extracellular and probably contact dependent. The glass-induced cytotoxic activity was not related to protein content or cell viability. Rather, it appeared that the monocytes cultured on glass differentiated into cells resembling activated macrophages. On the other hand monocytes cultured on collagen differentiated into cells resembling resident tissue macrophages. These observations are compatible with numerous studies carried out in rodents, showing that activated macrophages, and not resident cells, are cytotoxic to tumor cells. PMID- 6682884 TI - Comparison of [3H]oestradiol and [125I]oestradiol as ligands for oestrogen receptor determination. AB - The newly available ligand [16 alpha-125I]3,17 beta-oestradiol was investigated for its suitability for routine oestrogen receptor determinations. Unlabeled 16 alpha-iodo-oestradiol was synthesized. No difference in the relative binding affinity to human uterine oestrogen receptor could be demonstrated, but unlabeled as well as labeled 16 alpha-iodo-oestradiol do not bind to serum sex hormone binding globulin. At 0--4 degrees C [3H]oestradiol reaches, when incubated with oestrogen receptor its equilibrium after 3 h, [125I]oestradiol after 9 h. In 100 human mammary tumour cytosols oestrogen receptor concentrations were determined using either [3H]oestradiol or [125I]oestradiol. The mean Kd-values obtained were 0.5 +/- 0.3 nmol/l using [3H]oestradiol and 0.42 +/- 0.25 nmol/l for [125I]oestradiol. For the linear regression (independent variable [3H]oestradiol, dependent variable [125I]oestradiol) the following sample estimates were obtained: n = 100, r = 0.982, yi = 3.04 + 1.00035 x. For a 0.95 probability of confidence it can be stated that the sample estimates are indeed comparable according to the criteria of the two ligands. PMID- 6682886 TI - Appearance of visually directed prehension related to gestational age and intrauterine growth. PMID- 6682885 TI - Extensibility of the myofilaments in vertebrate skeletal muscle as revealed by stretching rigor muscle fibers. AB - The extensibility of the myofilaments in vertebrate skeletal muscle was studied by stretching glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers in rigor state and examining the resulting extension of sarcomere structures under an electron microscope. Although stretches applied to rigor fibers produced a successive yielding of the weakest sarcomeres, the length of the remaining intact sarcomeres in many myofibrils was fairly uniform, being definitely longer than the sarcomeres in the control, nonstretched part of rigor fibers. The stretch-induced increase in sarcomere length was found to be taken up by the extension of the H zone and the I band, whereas the amount of overlap between the thick and thin filaments did not change appreciably with stretches of 10-20%. The thick filament extension in the H zone was localized in the bare regions, whereas the thin filament extension in the I band appeared to take place uniformly along the filament length. No marked increase in the Z-line width was observed even with stretches of 20-30%. These results clearly demonstrate the extensibility of the thick and thin filaments. The possible contribution of the myofilament compliance to the series elastic component (SEC) in vertebrate skeletal muscle fibers is discussed on the basis of the electron microscopic data and the force-extension curve of the SEC in rigor fibers. PMID- 6682887 TI - Regulation and properties of an NADP+ oxidoreductase which functions as a gamma hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. AB - A number of naturally occurring biological intermediates have been found to inhibit competitively the activity of a highly purified NADP+-dependent oxidoreductase which catalyzes the simultaneous oxidation of gamma hydroxybutyrate to succinic semialdehyde, and the reduction of D-glucuronate to L gulonate. Of the inhibitors studied, those with the lowest Ki are the alpha-keto analogues of the branched chain or aromatic amino acids. The Vmax and Km for this enzyme are affected by pH; consequently, changes in substrate concentration can markedly alter the pH optimum. The enzyme has been found to be inhibited by reducing agents such as dithiothreitol and mercaptoethanol, protected against this inhibition by oxidizing agents such as oxidized glutathione or H2O2, and finally, protected against heat inactivation by the presence of either NADP+ or NADPH. PMID- 6682888 TI - Early nutritional experiments: effects on the humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. AB - Studies were carried out to determine the effect of varying intake during the suckling period on the immune responses of mice. Female mice were bred in litters of 4, 9 or 20 pups. Litters of nine pups were considered control groups. Overfeeding (litters of 4) during this period did not change the serum protein profile nor the humoral and cellular immunity of the weanling mice, as judged by their plaque-forming cell responses to SRBC and lymphocyte stimulation in vitro by Con A or LPS. Conversely, mice bred in large litters showed, at weaning, decreased serum levels of albumin and alpha-globulins but did not exhibit marked alterations of their immune responses, although they were in a severe state of protein-energy deficiency. After weaning, feeding a normal diet ad libitum normalized all the altered parameters tested in the malnourished mice. However, when malnutrition was followed by intermittent feeding, the studied immunological functions were significantly affected: the humoral, as well as the cell-mediated immune responses were depressed. These observed alterations were not related to changes in the levels of serum corticosterone or zinc. Our findings suggested that differences in the length of dietary deficiency rather than its severity may explain some of the conflicts in reports on functional immune tests in protein energy malnutrition. PMID- 6682889 TI - Bioavailability of iron in cooked egg yolk for maintenance of hemoglobin levels in growing rats. AB - The relative biological value (RBV) of iron in egg yolk was compared with that of iron in ferrous sulfate in prophylactic assays with weanling rats. Egg yolk cooked by one of three different methods was used in each experiment: (1) yolk of eggs boiled in the shell, lyophilized, and mixed with other dry diet ingredients; (2) pasteurized yolk and other diet components steamed with 8 liters of water per kilogram of diet; and (3) pasteurized yolk and other diet ingredients baked with 0.5 liters of water per kilogram of diet. Diets containing three levels of egg yolk and four levels of ferrous sulfate were fed to different groups of rats for 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Response of dietary iron was calculated as the regression of hemoglobin iron gain on iron intake and the nutritional quality of egg iron relative to that of ferrous sulfate iron was evaluated by slope-ratio analysis. RBV was 61, 64, and 90%, respectively, for iron of egg yolk cooked by the three methods. The presence of ascorbic acid during heat treatment of the diets significantly increased RBV of yolk iron from 64 to 92% in experiment 2, and increased it to a value equivalent to that of ferrous sulfate in experiment 3. PMID- 6682890 TI - Correlation between the cholesterolemic responses produced by dietary cholesterol and casein in rabbits. AB - Rabbits were fed three semipurified diets, namely a cholesterol-free soy protein diet, a cholesterol-free casein diet or a diet containing soy protein plus cholesterol (2 g/kg). One group (Chol-Cas) of 24 rabbits was fed successively the diet containing soy protein plus cholesterol (25 days), the soy protein diet (36 days) and the casein diet (20 days). Another group (Cas-Chol) consisting of 25 animals received consecutively the diet containing casein, soy protein and soy protein supplemented with cholesterol. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by the diets containing cholesterol or casein, whereas regression was seen on the soy protein diet. Within the Chol-Cas or Cas-Chol group the cholesterolemic response to casein and that to cholesterol was significantly correlated, the correlation coefficient being as high as 0.66. This correlation was still observed when calculated for animals either hypo- or hyperresponsive to dietary casein or cholesterol. When all animals were pooled, the correlation coefficient for the cholesterolemic response to casein and to cholesterol was only 0.33. The mean response to dietary cholesterol and to casein was significantly higher in the last dietary period than in the first period. PMID- 6682891 TI - Incidence of the spirurid, Thelazia Bosc, 1819 in Iraq. PMID- 6682892 TI - Observations by scanning electron microscopy of miracidial hatching from Schistosoma mansoni ova. PMID- 6682893 TI - Probable amniotic fluid embolism after first-trimester pregnancy termination. A case report. AB - A patient collapsed immediately after dilatation and curettage for pregnancy termination. Disseminated intravascular coagulation supervened rapidly. Although the diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism has remained unproven, it is the most likely explanation for the chain of events. We recommend rupture of the membranes prior to curettage or the administration of an oxytocic agent. PMID- 6682894 TI - Toxic oxygen species in monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. AB - The role of toxic oxygen species in monocyte-mediated ADCC against the myelogenous cell line K-562 was investigated. Freshly isolated human monocytes caused 40% specific lysis of antibody-coated K-562 cells (Ab-K-562). Monocytes challenged with Ab-K-562 gave a small but definite luminol-dependent chemiluminescence response, indicating that a respiratory burst with generation of toxic oxygen species had been elicited. Generation of hydrogen peroxide in areas of close apposition between the monocyte and the Ab-K-562 plasma membranes was demonstrated by electron microscopy using precipitation of cerium ions as a cytochemical stain for hydrogen peroxide. Catalase inhibited the formation of cerium precipitates in the interaction zone between monocytes and Ab-K-562 cells. Despite evidence that toxic oxygen species were generated, the monocytes' cytolytic activity against Ab-K-562 was not inhibited by superoxide dismutase, catalase, or azide. Enzymatically generated fluxes of superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide were not cytolytic to K-562 cells but did have a cytostatic effect. We conclude that toxic oxygen species are generated when human monocytes are challenged with Ab-K-562. However, these toxic oxygen species do not appear to be the major mediators of the monocytes' cytolytic activity in this experimental system. PMID- 6682895 TI - Quasi-elastic light scattering of suspensions of Limulus thick myofilaments in relaxed (long) activated and rerelaxed (short) states. AB - Photoelectron count autocorrelation function of light scattered by Limulus thick myofilament suspensions was measured as a function of scattering angle in the relaxed, activated and rerelaxed states. By using the cumulants method of data analysis, the average linewidth over large ranges of KL (up to 120), has been calculated with K and L being, respectively, the magnitude of the momentum transfer vector and the length of the myofilament. We have observed a dramatic increase in the average linewidth denoting the presence of additional high frequency components for the myofilament suspension on the activated state. By confirming our results on the size of the myofilaments from electron micrographs, we are able to attribute the high frequency (kHz) components to the "correlated" cross-bridge motions, representing, to our knowledge, the first direct experimental evidence of such movements in isolated thick myofilament suspensions. PMID- 6682897 TI - Ultrastructural changes of basal laminae and protoplasmic astrocytes in craniostenosis with epilepsy. AB - Human brain biopsy specimens from twenty-four patients with epilepsy associated with craniostenosis and characterized by electroencephalography, were studied with an electron microscope. Characteristic ultrastructural changes were found in the basal lamina covering capillaries in the gray matter where the basal lamina was partially thickened, split and transformed into a heterogeneous network of strand enclosing electron-lucent areas. In the gray matter associated with epileptic convulsions, numerous filaments 60-100 nm in diameter appeared in protoplasmic astrocyte endfeet, apparently inserting in the plasma membrane adjacent to the basal lamina. Although the development of such filaments seemed to depend on precursor dense material appearing on the plasma membrane, their physiological function remains unknown. In cases with repeated epileptic convulsions, numerous fibrous astrocytes were seen in the affected portion of the gray matter, suggesting that they were the results of the repeated convulsions. PMID- 6682896 TI - Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and acute myocardial infarction: an uncommon association. AB - Acute myocardial infarction is rarely observed in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. If seen it is usually associated with normal coronary arteries in young subjects less than 45 years of age and significant coronary artery disease in those patients greater than 45 years. The case reported here briefly reviews this uncommon association. PMID- 6682899 TI - Cecoureterocele: morphology and clinical correlations. AB - A unique necropsy specimen of a cecoureterocele, together with the bladder and urethra in a female newborn, was studied to determine the structure of the ureterocele and the accompanying vesicourethral sphincter. The ureterocele within the bladder base and the entire urethra were examined macroscopically and microscopically in serial sections. The ureterocele and its cecal extension were amuscular. The bladder neck, and the involuntary and voluntary sphincters were attenuated or devoid of muscle in the quadrant beneath the ureterocele and its cecal extension. These findings were correlated with the clinical features of 2 living patients with comparable ureteroceles who had urinary incontinence following surgical excision of the ureteroceles. PMID- 6682898 TI - Encapsulated forms of slow-release dry cow products of rapidly absorbed antibiotics. AB - The persistence of chloramphenicol, cephacetrile, and clindamycin in the udders of dry cows was studied after drying-off therapy with salts of these antibiotics suspended in conventional oil bases. Antibiotic activity was not found in dry udder secretions collected 3-5 days after treatment. After equivalent doses of encapsulated formulations of chloramphenicol were suspended in the same oil bases and infused at drying-off, most of the drug remained bound within the microcapsules; chloramphenicol concentrations higher than 10 micrograms/ml secretion were maintained for 3-4 weeks, but upon release from the microcapsule, the free drug was very quickly absorbed from the udder. Microcapsulated formulations of cephacetrile and clindamycin were infused at drying-off, suspended in the same type of oil base and at similar doses to the non-capsulated preparations. The concentrations of free drug in the secretions remained constant over a period of 2-3 weeks, although total drug (bound and free) concentrations in the udder, which were much higher than free drug levels, were progressively and markedly reduced. It appeared that after infusion of the microcapsulated preparations of cephacetrile and clindamycin, rates of drug release from the depot were equal to the rates of absorption of free drug from the udder. PMID- 6682900 TI - Obstructing urethral valve in a woman: a case report. AB - We report on a woman with a urethral valve causing obstruction, hyperreflexia, vesicoureteral reflux and retention. The diagnosis of urethral valves in female subjects rests on endoscopy and radiographic studies. Transurethral resection of the valve is effective treatment. The literature is discussed briefly. PMID- 6682901 TI - A new catheter to measure urethral compliance in females: normal values. AB - We describe a new probe made of several F5 Vinyl tubes glued and staggered together in such a way that the catheter progressively increases in size (from F5 to F30), as more tubes are joined. At each size, pressure is recorded through a single side hole in one of the tubes. Pressure within the urethra is thus successively recorded from F5 to F30 as the catheter is further introduced. A single pressure transducer is used since the lines of the probe are separately and successively connected to the transducer through a 6-channel manifold, as one proceeds to the next diameter. Pressure diameter curves are obtained and reported on a graph. The data are analyzed by fitting the graphs with a one exponential equation P = PoeaD; 2 parameters are computed: Po, the initial pressure when the urethra is catheter free, and a, the rate of exponential increase in pressure as higher diameters are introduced to measure urethral wall stiffness. This catheter was used to measure the maximum urethral pressure in 10 young nulliparous volunteers, at each level of stretch. The values of Po and a were found to be respectively 74.4 +/- 7.7 cm. H2O and 0.08 +/- 0.02. The quantitative measurement of urethral compliance constitutes for us an integral part in the urodynamics assessment of female patients presenting with lower urinary tract dysfunction. PMID- 6682902 TI - Abnormal urethral compliance in females diagnosis, results and treatment. Preliminary study. AB - We measured urethral compliance in 57 patients using a catheter of increasing diameter. The measurement makes it possible to differentiate clearly between rigidity and hyperlaxity of the female urethra. In both instances, the initial pressure (Po) is lower than normal, but the rate of pressure increase (a), with larger catheter sizes, is significantly higher in cases of urethral rigidity and on the contrary parallel to normal in cases of hyperlaxity. This distinction allows for more accuracy in the determination of therapeutic indication. An inversely proportional correlation was found between the initial urethral pressure and the rate of pressure increase (r = 0.74). The initial pressure is generally lower in older women (r = 0.56). PMID- 6682903 TI - Recurrent urinary tract infections in premenopausal women: prophylaxis based on an understanding of the pathogenesis. AB - We studied 56 sexually active premenopausal women with a normal genitourinary tract but with persistent introital colonization by enteric gram-negative bacteria who were prone to suffer recurrent urinary tract infections. Sexual intercourse was revealed as a major factor in inducing recurrent urinary tract infections, usually within 24 hours, by transferring the pre-existing introital bacteria into the bladder. Abstention from sexual activity without any additional treatment prevented the development of new urinary tract infections in these women despite persistent introital enteric bacterial flora. Urinary tract infections occurred after onset of sexual activity in all but 2 of the premenopausal women in this study. The 25 premenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections were subjected to early postcoital prophylaxis consisting of bladder voiding and the administration of a single tablet of either cotrimoxazole (80 mg. trimethoprim plus 400 mg. sulfamethoxazole), nalidixic acid (500 mg.), nitrofurantoin (50 or 100 mg.) or sulfonamides (500 mg. sulfisoxazole or 250 mg. sulfamethizole). Whereas 70 urinary tract infections occurred during a mean 8-month followup before treatment only 4 occurred during the mean 12.5-month followup after introduction of post-coital prophylaxis (none occurred on co trimoxazole or nalidixic acid therapy and only 1 infection occurred on nitrofurantoin therapy). Sulfonamides are not recommended as post-coital prophylaxis because of the higher incidence of breakthrough infections. Post coital prophylaxis with co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid or nitrofurantoin proved to be simple, economical and efficient, and is recommended in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in otherwise normal premenopausal women. PMID- 6682905 TI - Calcium infusion for reversal of adverse effects of intravenous verapamil. PMID- 6682904 TI - Relationships between prostaglandins and estrogens on the motility of isolated rings from the rat urinary bladder. AB - We studied the spontaneous contractile activity and the effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis on the motility of the detrusor muscle isolated from estrous and ovariectomized rats. The constancy with time of the isometric developed tension and of the frequency of contractions of preparations obtained from estrous and spayed rats were not significantly different. In addition, the basal tone was in both cases stable and comparable during the whole experiment. Indomethacin (10(-5) M) or mefenamic acid (10(-5) M) abolished the phasic spontaneous motility whereas the basal tone was significantly diminished with time, the decrement being stabilized after 30 or 40 minutes. The action of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis was similar in isolated rings from estrous or ovariectomized animals. Cumulative dose-response curves of PGE2, PGE1 and PGF2 alpha demonstrated that PGF2 alpha evoked contractions with less efficacy and potency than PGs of the E series in both experimental groups. The most important finding was that the dose-response curves of PGE2 and PGE1 were shifted to the right in preparations obtained from ovariectomized rats, whereas the reactivity to PGF2 alpha was similar in estrus or after ovariectomy. In spayed rats injected with 17-beta-estradiol the contractile response of the isolated detrusor to PGE1 had greater efficacy and potency than in preparations from untreated ovariectomized animals. The present findings suggest the possibility that micturition problems commonly found in menopause could be due to a diminished sensitivity to PGE associated to low estrogen levels. PMID- 6682906 TI - Additional follow-up of congenital limb disorders in relation to Bendectin use. PMID- 6682907 TI - Tumor effects on gluconeogenesis in the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - Alterations in metabolism in the tumor-bearing host can be explained by: 1) alterations of metabolic processes in the tumor itself, and/or 2) tumor effects on host metabolism. Tumor effects on host liver metabolism were studied using an isolated perfused rat liver preparation. The livers of fasted female Lewis Wistar rats with and without transplanted subcutaneous mammary tumors were perfused for 1 hr with medium containing 5 mM glucose and physiological levels of amino acids. The rate of gluconeogenesis, as measured by conversion of 14C-lactate to 14C glucose, showed a significant increase in the rate of glucose production from lactate in tumor-bearing rats (2.40 vs 2.00 mumol/min/100 gm). Hepatic glycogen and 14C-glycogen content were not significantly different between the two groups. In order to evaluate whether this tumor model exhibits characteristic changes in metabolism previously reported in other animal tumor models, serum lactate, triglyceride, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen were measured in non-perfused animals. The serum concentration of lactate and triglycerides were significantly higher in tumor-bearing rats (0.9 mM vs 2.7 mM lactate; 244 mg % vs 365.5 mg % triglycerides). Serum glucose and blood urea nitrogen were not significantly different in the two groups. An effect of tumor on host energy metabolism and serum metabolite levels is demonstrated. A method for the study of host-tumor metabolic interactions is described. PMID- 6682908 TI - Factors influencing nutritional assessment in abdominal trauma patients. AB - Previous work has shown that an abdominal trauma index (ATI) based on anatomic severity of injury reliably predicts complications following abdominal trauma, whereas the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) does not. This study was undertaken to reconcile the disparity between the PNI and ATI as predictors of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Twenty-four patients undergoing immediate laparotomy following acute abdominal trauma were evaluated. Their mean age was 32.8 years (range 18-59 years); 18 were men. All patients underwent nutritional assessment within 12 hours of surgery. A statistical comparison of blood replacement, operating time, ATI, and PNI was performed. The mean PNI was 51 and mean blood replacement was 12.5 units. Using linear regression the PNI and amount of blood replacement correlated significantly (r = 0..44, p less than 0.05). Operating time and ATI did not correlate with PNI. In conclusion, the PNI was more strongly influenced by blood loss than severity of intraperitoneal injury. For this reason it is relatively ineffective in predicting complications following trauma. PMID- 6682910 TI - Rupture of indwelling venous catheters. PMID- 6682909 TI - Procainamide absorption in short bowel syndrome. PMID- 6682911 TI - Sudden death in idiopathic cardiomyopathy. AB - The incidence of sudden death in idiopathic cardiomyopathy was analyzed based on a multi-center study in Japan, and possible prevention was discussed. Among 540 cases reported from 15 institutions, sudden death was most frequent in congestive or dilated type (19 cases, 22% of 87 deaths) and the ratio of sudden death to all deaths was high in the hypertrophic nonobstructive type (7 cases, 54% of 13 deaths) or the hypertrophic obstructive type (5 cases, 45% of 11 deaths). In the latter 2 types, the occurrence of sudden death seemed to be more related to exercise than in the congestive type. In the analysis of 4 sudden deaths among patients in congestive type, sudden death occurred in relatively asymptomatic patients after recovery from acute congestive heart failure. For the effective prevention, detection of undiagnosed patients by electrocardiographic screening, education of patients to avoid unprepared exercise, evaluation of physical tolerance by exercise testing and need for official registration of victims were discussed. PMID- 6682912 TI - [Study of prostaglandin E1 (G511) and trimetaphan in induced hypotension and control of blood pressure during surgery]. PMID- 6682913 TI - Case of primary orbital hemangiopericytoma. AB - A case of primary orbital hemangiopericytoma was reported. A 44-year-old woman was first seen at our clinic in June 1970, complaining of exophthalmos of the right eye. On examination, the right eye showed a 6-mm proptosis and an upward displacement. Cerebral angiography revealed a vascularized mass occupying the lower and mid orbit. The tumor was surgically removed and diagnosed histologically as hemangiopericytoma. After the initial surgery, recurrent tumors in the right orbit were resected twice, in June 1975 and December 1979. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the clinicopathologic features of the tumor. In addition, it is emphasized that hemangiopericytomas originating from the orbit or brain may be histopathologically identical to angioblastic meningiomas. PMID- 6682914 TI - Regional blood flow in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - In spontaneously hypertensive and normal control rats in the conscious state, blood flow was observed in the carotid artery, superior mesenteric artery, renal artery, and terminal aorta with a chronically implanted electromagnetic flow probe. At rest, flow per body weight was not different between the two groups except at the terminal aorta where it was significantly smaller in hypertensive rats (P less than 0.05). Regional peripheral resistance was higher in hypertensive rats than in normal rats in all the four arteries, but its elevation in the former was not uniform but most marked in the hindquarter area supplied by the terminal aorta. Quantitatively, this area was estimated to contribute about 40% of the total conductance decrease in hypertensive rats in comparison with the control. This suggests the importance of elevation of resistance in muscle blood vessels in hypertension. The contributions from the superior mesenteric area and the bilateral kidneys were estimated to be about 15% each. In the transposition response induced by transposing rats from their home cage to a new cage, the increase in hindquarter flow was significantly greater in hypertensive rats than in normal rats (P less than 0.01). The sum of the mean flows of the four arteries, a measure of cardiac output, was not different between hypertensive and normal rats at rest but greater in the former during transposition response. Elevation of arterial pressure in the response in hypertensive rats but not in the normal rats was ascribable largely to a greater increase in cardiac output in the former than the latter. PMID- 6682915 TI - [Stress-induced damage of non-ischemic zones of the heart in experimental myocardial infarction, and its prevention]. AB - The contractility of the right atrium, a heart region known to be unaffected by ischemia, was studied in rats with experimental left ventricular infarction. The study of the isolated atrium established reduced right-atrial myocardial tensility, depressed Starling's curve and, as a result, a two-fold decrease in maximum systolic tension within 24 hours after the coronary occlusion. The resistance of atrial myocardium to hypoxia and calcium excess was also diminished. This set of changes could be reproduced completely in the absence of myocardial infarction through emotional-painful stress, on one hand, and it could be to a great extent prevented by a beta-adrenoreceptor blocker propranolol, on the other hand, i.e. a stress-related origin is postulated. PMID- 6682916 TI - [Hemorrhagic iridocyclitis following infection with Yersinia enterocolitica]. AB - Case report on a patient with unilateral, violent, hemorrhagic iridocyclitis following a gastro-intestinal infection caused by Yersinia enterocolitica. The disease entity of Yersinia infection and the diagnostic approach are described, with special consideration of its role in clarifying the etiology of uveitides. PMID- 6682917 TI - [Pneumothorax in the background of cerebral hemorrhage in premature infants]. AB - 362 preterm newborns with birth weights ranging between 1 000 and 2 000 g were admitted to NICU of Kinderklinik Stadtische Kliniken Kassel during Jan. 1978 and Dec. 1981. 160 babies (44%) needed breathing support (CNP, CPAP, IMV, IPPB). Pneumothorax occurred in 22 babies, 17 died. A severe cerebral hemorrhage was diagnosed in 12 (55%) of these babies on the basis of pathological and/or clinical findings. Cerebral hemorrhage followed pneumothorax. An air leakage syndrome was seen 15 times in 36 children with cerebral hemorrhage (42%). Pneumothorax causes not only intracranial hemodynamic changes, but also acute hypoxemia and slowly increasing hypercarbia, factors strongly contributory to cerebral hemorrhage in the premature baby. This point must be considered in the present discussion about high frequency ventilation for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. High frequency ventilation with presently traded ventilators is more correlated with alveolar rupture than low frequency ventilation. PMID- 6682918 TI - Role of thoracotomy in pulmonary metastases from gestational choriocarcinoma. AB - Choriocarcinoma responds well to chemotherapy, and its growth can be monitored by measuring human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) as a tumor marker. Thoracotomy was carried out in six patients with the disease because their pulmonary nodules persisted after repeated courses of chemotherapy over a 4 month period. They were followed up for a long period. These observations suggest that the most important role of thoracotomy is for diagnostic purposes; it is used for therapeutic purposes only when the pulmonary lesion is the only remaining source of increased HCG excretion. Much attention must be paid to tertiary hematogeneous metastases caused by resection of pulmonary foci that are unresponsive to chemotherapy. PMID- 6682919 TI - Obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract by the mitral valve due to a muscle band. AB - This paper details a rare cause of subaortic obstruction--a muscle band tethering the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve to the ventricular septum. Excision of this band released the leaflet and cured the obstruction. The patient also had a discrete subaortic membranous obstruction, the membrane being excised. PMID- 6682920 TI - [Treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 6682921 TI - Radioimmunoassay of 5-methoxy tryptophol in sheep plasma and pineal glands. AB - No 5-methoxytryptophol (ML) could be detected in sheep plasma using a specific, sensitive radioimmunoassay developed for the purpose. Blood samples were collected from sheep during darkness and daylight and during various stages of the estrous cycle, but in no sample was the ML content above the detection limit of the method. Addition of 1 mM pargyline and neostigmine to blood immediately after collection to block metabolism did not result in a detectable ML concentration. The failure to detect ML was not due to degradation since added ML was not degraded by blood enzymes even after 16 hours incubation at 37 degrees C. Injection of 100 microgram and 1 mg ML sc in sheep resulted in a rapid rise of ML to 95-130pg/ml and 560-1000pg/ml respectively and disappearing with a half life of approximately 15-20 minutes. Sheep pineal glands collected during the light phase contained ML (51 +/- 5pg/mg tissue. X +/- SE, n = 7) which represents less than 6% of the melatonin content. It is concluded that if ML is present in sheep blood it is present at very low levels. It is thus unlikely to be a major circulating pineal hormone in this species, however, its role within the CNS as a local hormone cannot be excluded. PMID- 6682922 TI - Suppression of an ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats by butyrate, lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate. AB - Butyrate, lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate, compounds which may be elevated in blood of ethanol dependent rats and substrates of the cerebral small-pool Krebs cycle, were tested for their ability to suppress an ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered physically dependent on ethanol by intragastric administration of ethanol at a dosage of 9 to 15 grams per kilogram per day over a 4-day period. Oral administration of a mixture of butyrate, lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate was effective in suppressing the tremulous component of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 6682923 TI - Differential response of pineal melatonin levels to light at night in laboratory raised and wild-captured 13-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus). AB - Pineal melatonin levels were compared in laboratory-raised or wild-captured 13 lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) that were either exposed to 10 h of darkness at night or to light which had an irradiance of 400 microW/cm2. In laboratory-born squirrels the period of darkness was associated with a gradual rise in pineal melatonin levels with peak values being reached at 0200 h, 6 h after darkness onset. Thereafter, melatonin levels decreased and were back to low daytime levels by 0800 h, 2 h after light onset. The exposure of laboratory-raised animals to an irradiance of 400 microW/cm2 during the night totally prevented the nocturnal rise in pineal melatonin levels in these animals. In wild-captured ground squirrels the period of darkness at night was associated with a rapid rise in pineal melatonin such that by 2200 h, 2 h after lights out, peak melatonin values were already attained; additionally, melatonin levels remained high throughout the period of darkness but returned to daytime values by 0800 h. Exposure of wild-captured squirrels to a light irradiance of 400 microW/cm2 during the normal dark period was completely incapable of suppressing pineal melatonin levels. The difference in the sensitivity of the pineal gland of laboratory-raised and wild-captured ground squirrels may relate to their previous lighting history. PMID- 6682924 TI - Endogenous opioids: naloxone disrupts learned performance in rats. AB - The effect of naloxone on learned performance reinforced by food was examined in 2 experiments. Male rats were trained to run down a short runway for 5 (45 mg) food pellets per trial and were then shifted either to 1 or 0 pellets. Following such an abrupt reinforcement shift, animals typically show an emotional disruption of performance (Crespi, 1942) referred to as "depression". We examined the postshift depression-effect in groups treated either with saline (SAL) or naloxone (NAL). In experiment 1 NAL groups received a single 10 mg/kg (s.c.) injection prior to each postshift session. When compared with SAL controls, NAL animals showed an exaggerated postshift depression-effect. Furthermore, a single (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) injection of the enkephalin analog FK 33-824 (D-Ala2, MePhe4, Met-(0)5-o1) produced a dramatic recovery of performance. In the second experiment, these effects were replicated at a low NAL dose (1 mg/kg), which had no direct effect on motor performance. These findings suggest that opiate systems may modulate the incentive motivation that maintains learned performance. PMID- 6682925 TI - Effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors on neurotensin and sodium salicylate induced gastric cytoprotection in rats. AB - Sodium salicylate (SA) has been reported to inhibit the formation of gastric ulcerations induced by aspirin, indomethacin, and absolute ethanol. In this study, SA dose-dependently inhibited gastric ulcers induced by three hours of cold-restraint stress (CRS); SA-induced cytoprotection was prevented by both acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and indomethacin pretreatment. Neurotensin (NT), which has previously been demonstrated to prevent the development of CRS-induced gastric ulcerations after intracisternal administration, was found to be ineffective in animals pre-treated with aspirin, and with indomethacin, as previously described. These data suggest that in the CRS model both NT- and SA induced gastric cytoprotection require a functionally intact gastrointestinal prostaglandin synthetic pathway. PMID- 6682927 TI - [Limits of TM-echocardiography in the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6682926 TI - Biliary and fecal steroid excretion in rats fed partially hydrogenated soybean oil. AB - Male Wistar rats were fed cholesterol-free or cholesterol-enriched diets containing partially hydrogenated soybean oil with different levels of trans fatty acids or unhydrogenated soybean oil at the 10% level. The linoleic acid content of hydrogenated fat diets was adjusted to 3.6% of the total energy. Hydrogenated fat diets contained 29% and 41% trans-acids, mainly as t-18:1. Trans fats exerted no untoward effects on growth parameters, but increased liver weight. Dietary hydrogenated fats influenced neither the concentration nor composition of biliary steroids, irrespective of the presence or absence of cholesterol in the diet. In rats fed a cholesterol-free diet, daily fecal output of neutral and acidic steroids was enhanced by hydrogenated fats and the magnitude of augmentation was proportional to the dietary level of trans-fatty acids. The increased fecal steroid excretion corresponded to an increase in total excreta. Hydrogenated fats also tended to enhance bile acid excretion when feeding a cholesterol-enriched diet. The results suggest that dietary trans-fatty acids, in relation to cis-polyunsaturated fatty acids, provoke demonstrable change in steroid homeodynamics. PMID- 6682928 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A prodromal form. AB - Only one case of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been conclusively documented in Australia despite a large at-risk population and the endemic nature of the syndrome in the United States. In this article, the cases of two homosexual men who had the clinical and laboratory features of a prodromal form of AIDS are presented. Such cases should serve to alert the medical profession and public health authorities to the possible existence of the syndrome in Australia. PMID- 6682929 TI - Adriamycin, BCNU, and cyclophosphamide in drug-resistant adenocarcinoma of the ovary. AB - Because of an encouraging response rate in a pilot study of adriamycin, BCNU, and cyclophosphamide (ABC), the Southeastern Cancer Study Group conducted a phase II study of ABC in patients with melphalan-resistant ovarian carcinoma. Of 36 evaluable patients, there were only 4 partial responses to therapy, for a partial response rate of 11%. Durations of response were 4 to 50 + weeks, and the overall median survival was 29 weeks. No complete responses were seen. Dose-limiting toxicity was granulocytopenia. We conclude that ABC is generally ineffective in management of alkylator-resistant ovarian adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6682930 TI - Spin labelling studies of cytolysis induced by fatty acids. AB - Rat thymocytes, spleen lymphocytes and isolated nuclei were incubated with fatty acids and then labelled with 5-doxylstearic acid and 12-doxylstearic acid. The ESR spectra only in the case of 5-doxylstearic acid showed changes which were demonstrable only under those conditions which resulted in cytolysis. Thymocytes in medium with 10% serum showed the effect at 10 microM, splenic lymphocytes at 100 microM. The effect was maximal at 2 min and was not enhanced by higher concentrations. The uptake of fatty acid by spleen cells required to cause this change was determined using 14C-oleic acid, to be 0.6 mumol/g tissue. This quantity is less than that required (label:lipid ratio less than 1:10) to produce major perturbations in membranes. Free fatty acids of C-8 to C-18 produced the effect, but not esters or amides. It was concluded that free fatty acids induce changes proximal to the polar region of membrane lipids which, if not progressive and essential to the ultimate process of lysis, are at least indicative of impending cell death at an early time. PMID- 6682931 TI - Metabolism of riboflavin in Schizophyllum commune. PMID- 6682932 TI - Association of glycoconjugates with the cytoskeletal framework. AB - The association of glycoconjugates with the cytoskeletal framework was examined in detergent-extracted cells. Sparse cultures of fibroblasts that assemble only minimal amounts of extracellular matrix were extracted under mild conditions with Triton X-100 which remove most of the lipids and soluble cellular proteins. The detergent-resistant framework retains lectin binding sites in the nucleus, in the perinuclear area occupied by the rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi system of the intact cell, and in a network throughout the cytoskeletal framework. Fluorescent antibody staining with antibody against collagen type I and fibronectin reveals extensive perinuclear staining of the remnant rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi system. In contrast, only sporadic staining of the pericellular area is obtained with these antibodies, in sparse cultures of whole cells. Lectin binding sites were detected in the nucleus and are attributed to chromatin-associated glycoconjugates. They can be removed by DNase under conditions that preserve the cytoplasmic lectin binding sites and the nuclear matrix. The results suggest a high degree of integration of the membrane residues of the cytoplasmic elements and the nuclear matrix with the skeletal framework and indicate a possible role for the glycoconjugates in this structural integration. PMID- 6682933 TI - [Use of an immunoenzyme microtechnic for quantitative determination of platelet associated IgG in pediatrics. Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura and thrombocytopenia following exchange transfusion]. AB - An enzyme linked immunoassay was developed using the microtiter system to measure platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG). The specificity of the assay was demonstrated in 6 children with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP): Elevated values of PAIgG (25-800 fg IgG/platelet) corresponded with low platelet counts. Complete remission was accompanied by normalization of PAIgG levels. Since immune destruction of platelets may be encountered in the development of neonatal postexchange thrombocytopenia, platelet counts and PAIgG levels were determined in pre- and postexchange samples from the recipient and in samples from the donor's blood. Eight double-volume exchange transfusions were studied in 7 newborns. Various patterns of interaction between donor and recipient were observed. Five donors proved to be thrombocytopenic, 3 of them had correspondingly high PAIgG levels, indicating immune destruction of donor platelets prior to transfusion. Three newborns had pre-existing immune thrombocytopenia before the exchange. Significant falls in platelet counts with concomitant rises in PAIgG were found following 2 out of 8 exchange transfusions. The quantitation of PAIgG by means of a micro enzyme linked immuno-assay is reliable and helpful in the detection of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in all pediatric age-groups. PMID- 6682934 TI - Low serum thymic hormone levels in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 6682935 TI - [Urinary incontinence in children]. PMID- 6682936 TI - Neonatal clomipramine treatment in the rat does not affect social, sexual and exploratory behaviors in adulthood. AB - The potential ability of the tricyclic anti-depressant clomipramine to cause an increase in anxiety in adult animals following neonatal treatment with the drug has been investigated; no such anxiogenic actions were found in the social interaction test. Furthermore, the behavior of animals that had received the drug as pups did not differ from that of the controls in open field or holeboard tests, nor in tests of sexual behavior, aggressive and dominance behaviors or passive avoidance learning. PMID- 6682937 TI - The effect of methylphenidate on overactivity in rats prenatally exposed to alcohol. AB - Pregnant Long-Evans rats were provided with isocaloric liquid diets containing either ethanol or sucrose, or a standard lab chow diet. Male offspring were utilized to test the effectiveness of methylphenidate in mitigating the overactivity associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. In two experiments, 19 day old rat pups from each prenatal condition were injected with methylphenidate and placed in an open-field. Subjects in the first experiment were injected with 0, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg methylphenidate and tested for 5 minutes on each of 3 consecutive days. Drug doses in the second experiment were 0, 2.0 or 8.6 mg/kg and subjects were tested over four days. No evidence was obtained in either experiment that methylphenidate reduced the overactivity of the alcohol-exposed offspring. In fact, in the second experiment, pups exposed to alcohol in utero appeared more sensitive to the stimulating effects of methylphenidate than controls. PMID- 6682939 TI - Behavioural and biochemical effects of chronic treatment with amphetamine in the vervet monkey. PMID- 6682938 TI - Transient cognitive deficits and high-frequency hearing loss in weanling rats exposed to toluene. AB - In a previous experiment we found that weanling rats subchronically exposed to toluene by inhalation were deficient in learning a multisensory conditioned avoidance response (CAR) task and a tone-intensity discrimination task when trained several hours after each daily 14-hour exposure ended. The present experiment was done to determine whether this deficit represented a residual pharmacologic effect or more persisting nervous system damage. Independent groups of rats were trained on the CAR task either during the last week of a 5-week exposure to 1400 or to 1200 pm toluene (14 hr/day, 7 days/week) or during the first or third weeks after the exposures ended. None of the three groups of toluene-exposed rats were able to acquire the auditory CAR, whereas it had been 4 kHz in the previous experiment. Subsequent tests, in which the frequency and intensity of the tone were varied, revealed that hearing in these rats was unimpaired at 4 kHz, slightly impaired at 8 kHz, and markedly impaired at 12 kHz and above. Thus, although toluene has been shown to be relatively innocuous as a toxicant, this new finding suggests that this solvent should be examined further in terms of its potential hazard, especially with regard to its frequent abuse. PMID- 6682940 TI - Pharmacogenetics of alcohol and its CNS effects--a digest. PMID- 6682941 TI - [Laser surgery in scalp tumors]. PMID- 6682942 TI - [The thymopause: an immunological climacteric]. AB - The part played by the thymus and its products in conferring and maintaining immunological competence is examined. Attention is also devoted to the effect of thymic involution on the immune system, with particular reference to a fall in circulating thymic hormone. Generally speaking, this fall occurs in the 5th decade of life, which can be described as the thymopause. It is accompanied by increased sensitivity to infection and neoplasia. Two lines of intervention are suggested: the use of highly purified, selective hormone fractions after careful evaluation of the functional aspects of the immune system; employment of organ extracts containing all or nearly all the thymic hormones and peptides in an integrated form. It is felt that the second approach is more practicable today, since it permits broad-spectrum interventions through the stimulation of many mechanisms with different sequential steps, and a well-programmed biological rhythm over the course of time. PMID- 6682943 TI - [Importance of early second-look laparotomy in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6682944 TI - [Laser radiations in medical therapy]. AB - The therapeutic effects of various types of laser beams and the various techniques employed are studied. Clinical and experimental research has shown that Helio-Neon laser beams are most effective as biological stimulants and in reducing inflammation. For this reasons they are best used in dermatological surgery cases (varicose ulcers, decubital and surgical wounds, keloid scars, etc.). Infrared diode laser beams have been shown to be highly effective painkillers especially in painful pathologies like postherpetic neuritis. The various applications of laser therapy in acupuncture, the treatment of reflex dermatologia and optic fibre endocavital therapy are presented. The neurophysiological bases of this therapy are also briefly described. PMID- 6682945 TI - [Incidence of second neoplasms in patients given radiotherapy for carcinomas of the urogenital system]. PMID- 6682946 TI - [Hormonal profile in the premenstrual syndrome]. PMID- 6682947 TI - The diagnosis of puerperal ovarian vein thrombophlebitis by computed axial tomography scan. AB - The diagnosis of puerperal ovarian vein thrombophlebitis by computed axial tomography (CAT) scan is reported. The characteristic finding, ie, a soft tissue mass with a diameter of 2 cm and length of 14 cm, extending from the uterine cornua to the level of the renal vein, can be seen by CAT scan. The near total resolution of the mass on follow-up CAT scan confirmed successful treatment with antibiotics and heparin. Observation of these findings will allow future cases to be definitively diagnosed and treated without invasive procedures. PMID- 6682948 TI - Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis: an update. AB - Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis is the result of serious pelvic infection usually following obstetric or gynecologic procedures. The management of this condition is of historical interest to the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Tulane, and therefore a retrospective case evaluation and a prospective surveillance were undertaken. This study indicates that septic pelvic thrombophlebitis is seen very rarely today. Possible reasons for the decline in the incidence of this problem and a management plan are presented. Three cases are included. PMID- 6682949 TI - "I think I may have herpes...what should I do?". PMID- 6682950 TI - Late hyphema after filtering surgery for glaucoma. AB - Four eyes of three patients developed spontaneous hyphemas eight months to three years after uncomplicated glaucoma filtering surgery. In two of the four eyes abnormal vessels could be seen at the internal margin of the trabeculectomy opening. Argon laser photocoagulation was successfully used to treat the bleeding, although one eye required multiple sessions. PMID- 6682951 TI - Studies on the blood-aqueous barrier after argon laser photocoagulation of the iris. AB - Breakdown and re-establishment of the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) was studied following laser irradiation to the rabbit iris by quantitating leakage of protein, fluorescein, and fluorescein-labeled dextran (FLD-70, MW 70,000) into the aqueous humor. Breakdown of the BAB was more prolonged in pigmented than albino animals, possibly due to the increased laser energy absorbed by the pigmented iris. Fluorophotometry appeared to be a more sensitive method for evaluating BAB breakdown than aqueous protein measurements, and small molecule leakage (fluorescein) appeared to be more sensitive than macromolecule leakage (FLD-70). The noninvasive method of evaluating the BAB proved equally as effective as measuring aqueous protein content in assessing the sensitivity of laser-induced trauma to the ameliorating effect of the nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agent indomethacin. PMID- 6682952 TI - Pertussis cases in Pennsylvania on increase. PMID- 6682953 TI - Wrongful birth cases involve law, social policy. PMID- 6682954 TI - Determination of death proposal now law here. PMID- 6682955 TI - Hay baler injury. PMID- 6682956 TI - TEFRA requires retirement plan rewrite. PMID- 6682957 TI - Retirement plan investing calls for prudence. PMID- 6682959 TI - The Impaired Physician Committee--answering the S O S. PMID- 6682958 TI - Black elderly use of emergency services. PMID- 6682960 TI - Other faces, other sources of impairment. PMID- 6682961 TI - Automated ultrasound mammography. PMID- 6682962 TI - Acute intermittent porphyria in schizophrenics. PMID- 6682963 TI - Office managers provide key to efficiency. PMID- 6682964 TI - The measurement of Ascaris suum protein by radioimmunoassay in sera from patients with helminthiasis and with gastrointestinal diseases. AB - In this study, we have developed a reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) for Ascaris suum protein (Asp) and have measured the serum concentration of Asp in control subjects and in patients with helminthiasis and a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. The cross-reactivities of Asp antibody with other helminth worm antigens were also measured by RIA. Ascaris lumbricoides contained approximately the same amount of Asp antigenic substance as did Ascaris suum. Toxocara canis had a high concentration of a substance partially cross-reactive with Asp. Small amounts of substance cross-reacting with Asp were also exhibited by Anisakis larvae, Schistosoma japonicum and Taenia saginata. However, no cross-reactivities of Fasciola hepatica and Paragonimus westermani with Asp were observed in this study. Almost all the serum levels of Asp from normal control subjects were below the sensitivity of this RIA (10 ng/ml). High concentrations of Asp were observed in sera from patients with ascariasis (64.5 +/- 18.8 ng/ml: mean +/- S.E.), anisakiasis (75.2 +/- 28.0 ng/ml), toxocariasis (78.4 +/- 31.3 ng/ml) and schistosomiasis japonica (14.3 +/- 3.4 ng/ml). Asp levels in sera from patients with other helminthiasis were not significantly high. From these findings, it was suggested that RIA for Asp may not be specific for diagnosis of ascariasis, but might be a suitable screening method for patients with some kinds of helminthiasis. Interestingly, high concentrations of Asp were also observed in sera from patients with ulcerative colitis (24.8 +/- 2.5 ng/ml) and Crohn's disease (19.8 +/- 5.2 ng/ml), but Asp levels from 7 other gastrointestinal diseases seemed not to be significantly high. These findings remain unexplained but may derive from cross-reactivities between helminthic and gut mucosal antigens. PMID- 6682965 TI - Limbic stimulation-induced hypersexuality. Levels of sexual drive. AB - Postictal sexual drive levels induced by limbic discharges were studied in eight adult male cats. Although sexual drive was exclusively dependent upon the presence or absence of testosterone, the level or degree of drive was dependent on the relative amounts of circulating testosterone and catecholamines in addition to the bioelectric state of the testosterone-binding cells. The limbic discharge was thought to induce postictal hypersexuality by its propagated discharge, suppressing the association neocortex and simultaneously activating the sexual hormone-binding cells of the diencephalon. The dissociation of the neocortex from the diencephalon was considered as a functional postictal diaschisis. These postictal physiologic changes were thought to account for the irrational automatic behavior and memory loss characteristic of patients with psychomotor seizures. PMID- 6682966 TI - Arterial oxygenation determines autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in the fetal lamb. AB - We examined autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) over the range of oxygen tension commonly observed in the chronic fetal lamb preparation. Seventeen animals were surgically prepared under general anesthesia for chronic in utero studies. Based on measured resting arterial PO2 and calculated % saturation 24-48 h after surgery, two groups were defined: a normoxic group of eight with saturation of 57% or higher (our laboratory normal for physiologically stable preparations) and an hypoxic group of nine with saturation less than 57%. Regional CBF was measured with radiolabeled 15-microns microspheres. Autoregulation of CBF was assessed by measuring the change in CBF when fetal mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was acutely decreased and increased by withdrawal and reinfusion of fetal blood. In normoxic animals CBF was constant over an MABP range of 42-61 torr in all four areas of the brain examined: cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and brain stem. In hypoxic animals CBF was pressure dependent in all areas over an MABP range of 46-73 torr, i.e., autoregulation was abolished. These studies demonstrate that the mechanism of autoregulation is functionally developed in the mature fetal lamb, but operationally dependent upon arterial oxygen concentration. Below a saturation of approximately 50-60% CBF varies directly with perfusion pressure. PMID- 6682968 TI - Environment, genes, and alcohol. PMID- 6682967 TI - Hypoglycemia, hepatic dysfunction, muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, free carnitine deficiency and long-chain acylcarnitine excess responsive to medium chain triglyceride diet. AB - Fraternal twins who had fasting hypoglycemia, hypoketonemia, muscle weakness, and hepatic dysfunction are reported. The hepatic dysfunction occurred only during periods of caloric deprivation. The surviving patient developed a cardiomyopathy. In this sibling, muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy were markedly improved by a diet high in medium chain triglycerides. There was a marked deficiency of muscle total carnitine and a mild deficiency of hepatic total carnitine. Unlike patients with systemic carnitine deficiency, serum and muscle long-chain acylcarnitine were elevated and renal reabsorption of carnitine was normal. It was postulated that the defect in long-chain fatty acid oxidation in this disorder is caused by an abnormality in the mitochondrial acylcarnitine transport. Detailed studies of the cause of the hypoglycemia revealed that insulin, growth hormone, cortisol, and glucagon secretion were appropriate and that it is unlikely that there was a major deficiency of a glycolytic or gluconeogenic enzyme. Glucose production and alanine conversion to glucose were in the low normal range when compared to normal children in the postabsorptive state. The hypoglycemia in our patients was probably due to a modest increase in glucose consumption, secondary to the decreased oxidation of fatty acids and ketones, alternate fuels which spare glucose utilization, plus a modest decrease in hepatic glucose production secondary to decreased available hepatic energy substrates. PMID- 6682969 TI - [Bilirubin concentration in term newborn infants depending on the time of breast feeding]. PMID- 6682970 TI - [Various cytochemical indicators of the peripheral blood neutrophils in newborn infants with intrauterine hypotrophy]. PMID- 6682971 TI - Isolation of the messenger RNA for 8S DNA ligase in early developing axolotl egg and its cell free translation. AB - A new DNA ligase activity is expressed when the Axolotl eggs enter cleavage. The messenger RNA can be labelled by [3H] uridine thereby indicating its de novo synthesis. This new genetic expression is occurring just before cleavage and is the earliest found during Amphibian development. The newly synthesized [3H] mRNA can be translated in vitro in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. The resulting product is a 160 K protein specifically immunoprecipitated with the antiserum directed against 8S DNA ligase. This in vitro translated polypeptide exhibits 8S DNA ligase activity specific of activated or fertilized eggs but does not display 6S DNA ligase activity of non activated eggs. PMID- 6682972 TI - [Blood fructose and urinary fructose in diabetes mellitus and in various types of liver damage]. PMID- 6682973 TI - [Bleeding disorders. Blood is a special fluid]. PMID- 6682974 TI - [Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia]. PMID- 6682975 TI - [Study of the motor activity and the sex hormone levels in female rats under conditions of long-term sexual conflict]. AB - The data are presented characterizing changes in some locomotor activity indices and the sex hormone level of the rat blood plasma during a process of experimental neurosis development, i. e. during a prolonged sexual conflicting situation. Persistence and predisposition to the emotional stress arising were observed in the animals under study. PMID- 6682976 TI - Inhibition of suckling-induced prolactin release by estrogen in ovariectomized lactating rats: bioassay versus radioimmunoassay. AB - Plasma levels of prolactin (PRL) were determined before and during suckling in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) lactating rats treated 5 days earlier with a single sc injection of 50 micrograms polyestradiol phosphate (PEP) or saline. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the Nb2 lymphoma cell bioassay (BA) were used to measure plasma PRL. Pituitary PRL concentrations were also determined by the two assays. In addition, lactational performance was estimated by measuring litter weight gain before and after estrogen treatment. Lactation was inhibited by PEP in intact rats; however, PEP did not alter plasma or pituitary levels of PRL in this group. Lactation was not inhibited by estrogen in OVX rats, but plasma PRL levels were significantly reduced at 10, 30, and 45 min of suckling. In addition, there was no evidence of an estrogen-induced afternoon prolactin surge in either PEP-treated group. The lactational inhibition in the intact, PEP-treated rats was probably due to combined effects of estrogen and progesterone. Plasma progesterone concentration was 64 +/- 8 ng/ml in the intact PEP-treated group compared to 3 +/- 1 ng/ml in the OVX, PEP-treated rats. The exact mechanism for the supression or delay in suckling-induced plasma PRL in the OVX, PEP-treated females remains unresolved but it was not due to an increase in suckling-induced corticosterone levels. The qualitative changes in plasma PRL during suckling in the various groups detected by RIA were also detected by the BA. However, there were slight quantitative differences between the two assays. When plasma PRL was low (nonsuckled states) the BA/RIA ratio was less than that observed when the plasma PRL was high (during suckling), i.e., more bioactive PRL was apparently released by suckling. However, these differences between RIA and BA may have been due in part to the fact that very low or very high levels of prolactin approached the minimal and maximal assay limits of the RIA but not the BA indicating that care be exercised when making such assay comparisons. PMID- 6682977 TI - Ontogeny of stress effects on ornithine decarboxylase activity in rats. AB - This study demonstrates that "stress" elicits a specific pattern of organ response in developing rats that is determined by the particular "stress" and by the age of the animal. Maternal deprivation (MD) of preweanling rat pups decreases ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in many tissues, as reported previously, while immobilization (IMM) and cold stress increase ODC activity in liver and heart of neonatal rat. Serum GH is decreased by MD and by IMM, but is not affected by cold stress. Stress-induced ODC elevation increases with age, while MD effects disappear at weaning. IMM and cold increase ODC activity in kidney, liver and heart of adult rats. These effects of IMM are blocked by the ganglionic antagonist chlorisondamine in adult but not in neonatal rats. The results of this study suggest that MD and the "classical" stress paradigms IMM and cold evoke different patterns of organ ODC response in neonatal rats. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the mechanism by which immobilization increases ODC activity changes from a hormonal to a neural mechanism during ontogeny. PMID- 6682978 TI - Plasma Catecholamine and corticosterone as well as brain catecholamine changes during coping in rats exposed to stressful footshock. AB - Rats received 60 minutes of footshock that was escapable (coping group) or inescapable (non-coping group). Plasma taken by jugular catheter showed that non coping rats, compared with coping rats, had significantly higher peak norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations and significantly longer elevation of these catecholamines after footshock. Similarly, plasma corticosterone levels remained elevated significantly longer after footshock in non-coping rats. In brain, hypothalamic NE concentrations were lower in non coping rats compared with coping controls, and this difference remained for at least 30 minutes after shock. A fall in hippocampal NE concentration was seen only in coping rats once they learned to terminate shock. Our data indicate that neurochemical changes can be separated into changes due to the aversive nature of the stimulus and the ability to cope with a stressor. The inability to cope augments plasma catecholamine increases in response to a stressor and prolongs their return to baseline values. The latter is also true for corticosterone levels. The decrease in hippocampal NE in coping and the decrease in hypothalamic NE in non-coping rats is not due to footshock by itself but to the ability of the rat to terminate this stressor. No strong correlation between central and peripheral catecholamine changes became apparent except a possible negative correlation between hypothalamic NE and peripheral NE and E levels. PMID- 6682979 TI - Temporal and pharmacological parameters of puromycin-induced amnesia. AB - Mice were trained in step-down passive avoidance behavior. Bitemporal injections of puromycin (PM) were given either immediately or delayed until 24 hrs after training. PM produced a marked amnesia in both cases during retention testing 3 days later. The amnesia persisted during a second retention test 6 days after training. Of all the antibiotics, only PM is effective as an amnestic agent when injections are delayed 24 or more hours after training. cycloheximide (CXM) was also injected bitemporally immediately after training. However, CXM produced a weaker amnestic effect even though it produced a much greater inhibition of cerebral protein synthesis, more rapidly, and of longer duration. In an effort to attenuate the amnesia produced by PM, in separate experiments, the mice were injected with combined injections of PM and and CXM (bitemporally): mice were also given combined injections of PM (bitemporally) and amphetamine (subcutaneously). The amnesia produced by immediate injections of PM wa not attenuated by either CXM or amphetamine. However, the amnesia produced by delayed injections of PM was attenuated by both CXM and amphetamine. These results suggest that delayed injections of PM (25 hours after training) block the expression or retrieval of memory. This study also supports the contention that puromycin has two separate effects on memory with different temporal parameters depending on when the drug is injected relative to initial training. PMID- 6682980 TI - Drug withdrawal prior to hatch in the morphine tolerant chick embryo. AB - Morphine tolerance and dependence were produced in chick embryos by injecting 20 mg/kg into the air space of the egg daily from incubation day 12. Starting on day 16, two groups of eggs were withdrawn from morphine by either substituting water or by treating with naloxone. Chick embryo activities were monitored on incubation day 18. Activities of the embryos withdrawn from morphine did not differ from control, but naloxone injection produced a substantial increase in activity. Neither regimen of morphine withdrawal affected the hatchability of the eggs. When these chicks were 1 day old, the effect of 1 mg morphine/kg on the rate of distress vocalization was measured. The withdrawn chicks were 1 day old, the effect of 1 mg morphine/kg on the rate of distress vocalization was measured. The withdrawn chicks vocalized at a rate that was intermediate between that of controls and that of nonwithdrawn chicks indicating that tolerance was still present one week after the last morphine injection. PMID- 6682981 TI - Epoxide hydrolase in human fetal liver. AB - Epoxide hydrolase activity towards styrene oxide was measured in the microsomal fraction of 20 human fetal livers. The enzymatic activity was 5.60 +/- 0.52 nmol/min/mg (mean +/- SE) which is about 40% of the previously reported value in human adult liver microsomes. No relation between enzymatic activity and fetal age was observed. The kinetics of the enzyme were studied in 6 different livers and found to obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The Km ranged between 0.25 and 0.54 mmol/l and Vmax between 7.2 and 16.7 nmol/min/mg microsomal protein. The enzyme was inhibited both by 1,1,1-trichloropropene-2,3-oxide (TCPO; 0.25 mmol/l) and benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-oxide (BPO; 0.2 mmol/l). Those substances inhibited the epoxide hydrolase by 61 and 14%, respectively, at 1 mmol/l styrene oxide. Thus TCPO was considerably more potent as an inhibitor of the fetal liver styrene oxide hydrolase. Lineweaver-Burk plots of the inhibition data revealed that TCPO exerts an uncompetitive mixed type of inhibition. PMID- 6682982 TI - Arterial plasma composition during compensatory increase in milk secretion in the goat: relation to rate limitation. AB - Colchicine was injected into one mammary gland of goats at peak lactation. Milk secretion in the treated gland decreased to 40% of the previous level while that in the other gland increased to reach 126% of its previous level. The concentrations of tyrosine and glucose in arterial plasma increased while those of lysine, arginine asparagine, glycine, alanine and ornithine decreased; the concentrations of other amino acids and of acetate did not change significantly. The results are discussed in relation to factors which normally limit the rate of milk secretion and to the mechanism by which compensatory increases occur in one gland during the inhibition of secretion in the other. These and previous results are not compatible with the view that arterial plasma concentrations of essential amino acids are rate-limiting for milk secretion. PMID- 6682983 TI - Fluoroscopic dose reduction using a digital television noise-reduction device. AB - A digital video image processor, connected to a video system in a conventional pediatric fluoroscopy room, was used to determine whether the device could provide satisfactory fluoroscopic images during routine examinations when the x ray tube was operated at substantially lower than normal radiation-dose levels. A 50% reduction resulted in image quality which was indistinguishable from conventional fluoroscopic views. PMID- 6682984 TI - Simplified chain cystourethrography. PMID- 6682985 TI - Regional localization of [14C] methylphenidate in rabbit brain. AB - 1. Neuroanatomical distribution of [14C] methylphenidate has been examined in rabbit brain following intracerebroventricular administration. 2. After about a week of implantation of cannula, in lateral ventricle, in albino rabbits, [14C] methylphenidate was injected through the cannula. The distribution of [14C] methylphenidate was examined at 15, 60 and 180 min after the injection in twelve brain regions. 3. The highest levels were observed at the first sampling time (15 min), in medulla and cervical spinal cord. Pons, caudate, tegmentum and hypothalamus also showed significant uptake of [14C] methylphenidate. Cerebral cortex and thalamus showed very low uptake. 4. The uneven distribution suggests a special affinity of methylphenidate for certain brain regions. The implications of this finding for the central actions of methylphenidate are discussed. PMID- 6682986 TI - Potentiation of apomorphine-induced gnawing in mice. AB - 1. The association of antagonism of apomorphine-induced climbing with potentiation of apomorphine-induced gnawing in mice has been suggested as a means to detect "atypical" neuroleptics. 2. Clozapine, many compounds with central anticholinergic activity and propranolol have been demonstrated to possess this profile of activities. 3. Pharmacological manipulations with cholinomimetics suggest a cholinergic modulation of the gnawing behavior induced by apomorphine. 4. The observations with propranolol cannot be explained either by a cholinergic link nor by beta-adrenergic antagonism. PMID- 6682987 TI - Action of antidepressants, stimulants and depressants in the transition from a fixed ratio to a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement. AB - 1. The modifications of rat behaviour caused by imipramine, amitriptyline, doxepin, amphetamine, chlorpromazine, caffeine and diazepam were studied. 2. The schedule of reinforcement was changed from a fixed ratio to a fixed interval schedule. 3. All the studied drugs caused a depression of the rat behaviour but only tricyclic antidepressants and caffeine caused virtually no damage to the ability of the animal to adapt its behaviour to the new experimental situation. PMID- 6682988 TI - Development of physical dependence on and tolerance to morphine in rats treated with morphine-admixed food. AB - 1. The development process of physical dependence on and tolerance to morphine has been explored in rats treated with morphine-admixed food (0.5 mg/g of food) during 1 to 7 days. 2. In the morphine-treated animals, body weight loss was observed after the abrupt morphine withdrawal. 3. Intensity and time course of the weight loss were correlated to the morphine treatment. 4. On the other hand, the morphine-treated rats showed abnormal behaviors, such as diarrhea, ptosis, teeth chattering, salivation, body shakes, vocalization, nose bleed, irritability, aggression, lacrimation and writhing upon naloxone injection. 5. Loss of body weight, measured 3 hours after naloxone injection, was also correlated to the duration of morphine treatment. 6. Tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine developed within one day in rats treated with morphine-admixed food. 7. The drug-admixed food ingestion method has the advantage of rapidly inducing a high degree of physical dependence and tolerance without causing morbidity or lethality in animals. It also eliminates the need for excessive handling of animals. PMID- 6682989 TI - Apomorphine response and subtyping of schizophrenia. AB - (1) We conducted a double-blind study of acute effects of low-dose apomorphine (0.01 mg/kg) in 12 chronic schizophrenic patients. (2) Overall, there was no significant difference in therapeutic response to apomorphine versus placebo. (3) Of the individual subscales of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, anxiety and depression syndromes showed significant improvement with apomorphine. (4) On dividing the schizophrenic patients into two groups on the basis of computed tomography (CT) scans, it was found that there was a significant difference in their responsiveness to apomorphine. (5) Patients with abnormal CT scans (primarily, large ventricles) tended to have improvement or no change with apomorphine, whereas those with normal CT scans tended to have worsening of symptoms. (6) Possible implications of our findings are discussed. PMID- 6682990 TI - Propranolol in schizophrenia. AB - 1. 15 schizophrenic patients diagnosed according to criteria of I.C.D.-9 were treated with d1-propranolol in a 4 week open study. 2. A fixed dose schedule was followed and a maximum dose of 1920 mg/day was reached by day 17. 3. Results revealed a significant reduction in core schizophrenic symptoms of CPRS & BPRS starting between 1st and second weeks of therapy. Higher doses were well tolerated and serious bradycardia occurred only in 3 patients. 4. The implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 6682991 TI - Myocardial energy metabolism of congestive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in man. AB - A key enzyme of glycolysis (pyruvate kinase) and main enzymes of the electron transport system (NADH cytochrome c reductase, succinic cytochrome c reductase, and cytochrome c oxidase) were measured in left ventricular biopsy specimens from six hypertrophic (HCM) and six congestive (CCM) cardiomyopathy. Pyruvate kinase was 104.0 and 45.0 mU/mg protein in HCM and CCM, respectively. NADH cytochrome c reductase, succinic cytochrome c reductase, and cytochrome c oxidase were 146.0, 9.9, and 775.0 mU/mg protein in HCM and 87.4, 5.2, and 502.0 mU/mg protein in CCM, respectively. From these data, it is evident that glycolysis and enzyme activities of the electron transport system are increased in HCM and decreased in CCM. Cardiac function reflects the state of these energy metabolism pathways in the myocardium. The changing energy metabolism in the right ventricle of the emphysema hamster seems to support this concept. PMID- 6682992 TI - DNA synthetic activity of right and left ventricular biopsy specimens in patients with cardiomyopathy. AB - This investigation was designed to evaluate the difference in DNA activity between biopsy specimens obtained from right and left ventricles. Nucleic DNA in the myocardial cells of hypertrophied and congestive forms of cardiomyopathy was analyzed to investigate the relationship between cell function and clinical manifestations. Endomyocardial biopsy specimens were obtained simultaneously from right ventricular septal wall and left ventricular inferolateral wall by a transcatheter biotome. Measurement of DNA was based on the Feulgen reaction and dual wavelength cytophotometry. In this series, 12 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and four patients with congestive cardiomyopathy were studied. In the normal heart, the DNA value (arbitrary units) of the right ventricle was 138.6, whereas that of the left ventricle was 144.4. In the hypertrophic group, the mean DNA value in the right ventricle was 279.9, whereas that of the left ventricle was 317.5. In the congestive group, the DNA mean value in the right ventricle was 108.8, whereas that of left ventricle was 144.8. The linear relationship (r = 0.67) between right and left ventricular DNA values suggests that cellular function of one ventricle is affected by that of the other side. Higher DNA values of the left ventricle may indicate the difference in work load between the ventricles. The relationships among DNA values, LV wall thickness, LV mass, and parameters of contractility were statistically high. PMID- 6682993 TI - Effect of hormones on urethral sensitivity to phenylephrine in normal and incontinent dogs. AB - The effects of stilboestrol and progesterone on pressure responses of the urethra to the alpha-adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine, were investigated in normal and incontinent ovariectomised dogs. It was found that progesterone had no significant effect on normal dogs but after pretreatment with stilboestrol the dose response curve was shifted to the left so that one third to one eighth of the original dose of phenylephrine produced the same response. In incontinent animals the sensitivity to phenylephrine was reduced compared with normal animals and stilboestrol either had no effect or only partially restored normal sensitivity. These results suggest that incontinence may result in part from decreased effectiveness of adrenergic innervation to the urethra. PMID- 6682994 TI - [Beriberi heart disease complicated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6682995 TI - [Preliminary study of a combination of fluorouracil and cisplatin in the treatment of tumors of the colon]. PMID- 6682996 TI - Hormonal dependent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). AB - This report presents the case history of a 27-year-old woman who developed Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) in the 12th week of her first pregnancy. TTP was successfully controlled with plasma infusions. When plasma infusions were tapered off, TTP relapsed and was followed by eclampsia and fetal death. Plasma infusions were reinstituted until 3 d after delivery. She later suffered relapses manifested by falls in platelet count and haptoglobin level coinciding with the use of an oral contraceptive. After stopping the pill, fluctuations in platelet count and haptoglobin level were observed synchronous with the menstrual cycle (cyclic TTP). The case history described provides evidence for hormonal influences in the genesis of TTP. PMID- 6682997 TI - [Ovarian and vaginal changes in anestrous cows following treatment with PRID]. PMID- 6682998 TI - Dipetalonema viteae (Nematoda: Filarioidea): culture of third-stage larvae to young adults in vitro. AB - Infective third-stage larvae of Dipetalonema viteae (Nematoda: Filarioidea) were cultured to young adults in a cell-free culture system. Third-stage larvae from the tick vector grew, developed, and molted twice in a medium containing NCTC 135 and Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum under a gas phase of 95 percent nitrogen and 5 percent carbon dioxide. The availability of such a culture system for filariids should facilitate studies of their immunology, biochemistry, and sensitivity to drugs. PMID- 6682999 TI - A polypeptide secreted by transformed cells that modulates human plasminogen activator production. AB - A diffusible factor produced and secreted by malignant murine cells was capable of inducing plasminogen activator production by normal diploid human fibroblasts. The factor's ability to induce plasminogen activator was insensitive to treatment with nucleases, but its activity was destroyed by digestion with proteases. It is proposed that such a factor would play a role in malignancy if it would recruit normal cells that were adjacent to transformed cells to produce plasminogen activator which could result in tumor-promoted proteolysis. PMID- 6683000 TI - [Value of ultrasonic echography in diagnosing fetal genital diseases]. PMID- 6683002 TI - Prostaglandin generation in the gastric mucosa of rats with stress ulcer. AB - Prostaglandins, normally synthesized by the gastric mucosa, have been shown to prevent the formation of experimentally induced ulcers, including stress ulcers. A physiologic role of these compounds in the protection of the gastric mucosa has been postulated. In order to assess the role of endogenous prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of stress ulceration, we measured the amounts of prostaglandin E (PGE) generated by gastric mucosal samples from rats exposed to cold restraint stress. Stress induced a significant inhibition of PGE biosynthesis by the gastric mucosa. The inhibition was similar to that caused by indomethacin. The degree of inhibition of PGE generation significantly correlated with the severity of the gastric mucosal lesions (P less than 0.001). Identical effects were identified in antrum and fundus. The decrease of PGE mucosal biosynthesis seems to be a major determinant in the pathogenesis of stress ulceration. PMID- 6683001 TI - An epidemiologic study on carcinoma of the breast following irradiation for benign conditions in infancy and childhood. AB - To investigate the relationship of irradiation during infancy and childhood to the subsequent development of carcinoma of the breast, 996 eligible patients were studied at Evanston Hospital, Evanston, Illinois, and Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago. This was a case-control study, with those in the control group being selected from concurrent hospital admissions for nonmalignant surgical conditions. A second group consisting of those with benign biopsy results was also studied. The Mantel-Haenszel method of analysis, controlling for age and race, was used to estimate the approximate relative risk of carcinoma of the breast in the irradiated group compared with that for the nonirradiated group. The type of radiation history included radiotherapy for mastitis or enlarged thymus (nine patients), irradiation of the head and neck (69 patients), diagnostic fluoroscopies (ten patients) and miscellaneous irradiation (52 patients) for bursitis, eczema or keloid. Based upon the data obtained from the results of this study and its analysis, we conclude that there is little evidence of increased risk of carcinoma of the breast after irradiation about the head, neck and chest areas for benign conditions in the population being studied herein. Such a risk, if indeed it exists at all for this population, is estimated to be about 10 per cent. PMID- 6683003 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in congestive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6683004 TI - Plasminogen activator and thromboplastin activity from sheep alveolar macrophages. AB - Alveolar lavage cells from normal sheep were found to be composed of over 95% macrophages. When the cells were cultured, fibrinolytic and thromboplastin-like activities could be detected within 2-4 hours of incubation. As the number of cultured cells was increased the two activities in the conditioned medium increased proportionately. The cells were separated into two distinct subpopulations by means of a sedimentation velocity cell fractionation technique. The macrophage subpopulations were examined for differences in size, morphology, esterase staining and ability to release plasminogen activator and procoagulant activity respectively. These activities were confined to the large cell subpopulation. The fibrinolytic activity was shown to be plasminogen-dependent and could be inhibited by DFP. On the basis of this the fibrinolytic activity has been designated as plasminogen activator. The procoagulant activity was shown to be thromboplastin in nature because it was Factor VII dependent, inactivated by phospholipase C and not inhibited by DFP. The procoagulant activity has been designated as macrophage thromboplastin. The two activities could be distinguished on the basis of DFP inhibition. PMID- 6683005 TI - Human extrinsic plasminogen activator fibrinolytic properties and neutralization in vivo. AB - The thrombolytic activity and elimination rate in vivo of a plasminogen activator purified from a melanoma cell line was examined in a rabbit thrombus model. Following an intravenous injection of 125I labelled plasminogen activator, its biological activity disappeared very rapidly from the plasma (t1/2 = 1.5 min) and radioactivity immediately accumulated in the liver. After a two-hour infusion with a total amount of 0.5 mg plasminogen activator a 60 per cent reduction in the weight of partially occluding thrombi was noted. No significant thrombolysis was seen in totally occluded vessels. Treatment with 0.5 mg plasminogen activator caused no depletion of fibrinogen or alpha 2-antiplasmin. No significant thrombolysis occurred after infusion of 0.5 mg streptokinase, but total lysis of occluding and non-occluding thrombi was obtained after a two-hour infusion of 1 mg streptokinase, without any reduction of fibrinogen. A marked reduction of alpha 2-antiplasmin was seen after both 0.5 and 1 mg of streptokinase treatment but were not seen in rabbits infused with plasminogen activator. PMID- 6683006 TI - [The effect of pyrimethamine treatment of mother animals on litter outcome]. PMID- 6683007 TI - [Teat and glandular cistern stenoses in cattle]. PMID- 6683008 TI - [Liability in veterinary practice]. PMID- 6683009 TI - [Herd sterility with special reference to anestrus]. PMID- 6683010 TI - Hyperglucagonemia following cisplatin treatment. AB - These studies were initiated to determine (1) if cisplatin (cis-DDP)-induced hyperglucagonemia is related to decreased hormone degradation, (2) the relationship between impaired kidney function associated with cis-DDP nephrotoxicity and hyperglucagonemia, and (3) the contribution of cis-DDP-induced hyperglucagonemia to disturbances in glucose metabolism in male F-344 rats. Administration of 5 or 7.5, but not 2.5, mg/kg cis-DDP iv increased fasting plasma immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) concentrations. Hyperglucagonemia following cis-DDP treatment was characterized by an increase in the biologically active or true pancreatic form of IRG as well as an increase in an extrapancreatic component. cis-DDP treatment (5 mg/kg) resulted in a prolonged half-life and a reduced rate of plasma disappearance of exogenous glucagon. Reducing cis-DDP nephrotoxicity, via mannitol pretreatment, resulted in a significant reduction in total, true pancreatic, and extrapancreatic plasma IRG. Other nephrotoxicants, such as glycerol or gentamicin, also resulted in hyperglucagonemia, indicating that the effects of cis-DDP on glucagon metabolism are also characteristic of other nephrotoxicants and, therefore, may be secondary to kidney toxicity. Despite marked hyperglucagonemia following cis-DDP treatment, neither severe fasting hyperglycemia nor increased hepatic and renal gluconeogenic enzyme activity was apparent in treated animals. This apparent discrepancy cannot be attributed to glucagon resistance at the target tissue level since cis-DDP treated animals responded appropriately to exogenous glucagon. These results indicate that hyperglucagonemia following cis-DDP treatment (1) may be related to decreased glucagon degradation associated with impaired renal function and (2) does not markedly disrupt glucose homeostasis. PMID- 6683011 TI - Insecticidal effect of aliphatic alcohols against aquatic stages of Aedes mosquitoes. AB - Effectiveness of certain long carbon chain aliphatic alcohols as ovicides and larvicides was investigated under laboratory conditions against eggs and larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes scutellaris. Out of the eight alcohols tested, three (1-decanol, 1-undecanol and 1-dodecanol) proved to be very effective. The hatching of mosquito eggs was inhibited at a dosage of 5 to 7 litres/hectare. First, third and fourth instar larvae were killed at a dosage of 3 to 7 litres/hectare. First instar larvae were more sensitive to the alcohols than the older larvae. The shorter carbon chain alcohols (2-mercapto-ethanol, 1-butanol, benzyl alcohol and 2-octanol) proved unsatisfactory due to their volatility and solubility. Longer carbon chain alcohols (1-tetradecanol, 1-hexadecanol and 1 octadecanol), Which are solid and wax-like at room temperature, proved unsatisfactory when dissolved in hexane and applied to eggs and larvae. PMID- 6683012 TI - Protective effect of reduced glutathione against cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II)-induced nephrotoxicity and lethal toxicity. AB - Pretreatment of Swiss mice and Sprague-Dawley rats with glutathione (GSH) reduced the acute lethal toxicity of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) (cis-DDP) in a dose-dependent manner. The protection was accompanied by reduction of both body weight loss and by reduction of nephrotoxicity, as measured by a rise in serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine levels and by histopathologic changes, which occurred 4 days following cis-DDP treatment. The antitumor effects of cis DDP on experimental tumor models (P388 and Gross leukemia) were not significantly altered by GSH treatment. It is suggested that the partial protection by GSH from acute toxicity of the antitumor drug is directly related to protection of renal function. PMID- 6683013 TI - [Follow-up study of 89 infants born to drug-addicted mothers]. PMID- 6683014 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of hemostasis in patients with chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6683015 TI - A closed form method for the measurement of attenuation in nonlinearly dispersive media. AB - A closed form solution of the equation describing the spectrum of a Gaussian pulse propagating in a medium with nonlinear frequency dependence of attenuation is presented. This solution suggests that in general the spectrum remains Gaussian, subject only to center frequency downshift and bandwidth reduction. The possibility of experimentally determining the two nonlinear material parameters from the measurement of the center frequency downshift and the reduced bandwidth is proposed. PMID- 6683016 TI - Spectral shifts of ultrasonic propagation: a study of theoretical and experimental models. AB - The theoretical relationship between center frequency downshift and the spectral bandwidth was investigated for pulses with a sinc(x) spectrum propagating through lossy media. Power law and exponential models for frequency dependence of attenuation were used. Six target materials encompassing a range of attenuation parameters were used to verify the theoretical model. The frequency downshift data from these materials was used to calculate their respective attenuation parameters. It was shown theoretically and verified experimentally that for small frequency downshifts, the sinc(x) model yields the same material parameters as the Gaussian model. The choice of the model for the attenuation of the material was found to be inconsequential. PMID- 6683017 TI - A geometric approach to the filtered backpropagation algorithm. AB - We show how the filtered backpropagation algorithm [1] for parallel-beam diffraction tomography can be implemented geometrically by weighted straight-line projections. The resulting algorithm is formally equivalent to the original approach using Fourier transforms [2], but reorganizes the calculations to separately backpropagate each plane-wave component of the filtered data. In principle, at least, the projection method also suggests the design of an ultrasound scanner that records the wavefield with line detectors. PMID- 6683018 TI - Lateral inverse filtering of ultrasonic B-scan images. AB - The formation of ultrasonic B-scan images using parallel beams may be modelled as a lateral, one-dimensional convolution of the beam profile and an unknown but wanted reflection coefficient. Lateral inverse filtering, or deconvolution, might therefore be used to improve the image quality. Two different deconvolution techniques are applied to both an image of a tissue mimicking phantom and a human liver. An enhancement of the resolution (defined as the reciprocal of the half width of the image of a point reflector) of about 1.4 is achieved. This is in good agreement with the previously derived formula R = square root 1n SNR, which relates the signal-to-noise ratio, SNR, to the resolution enhancement, R. However, each method also creates artifacts, and despite the slight resolution enhancement, the deconvoluted liver images do not exhibit more information nor are they more appealing. So it is felt that the computational effort is wasted. This failure is not a fault of the special deconvolution techniques tried here, but rather caused by the logarithmic dependence of R on SNR and by the noise level, which is largely due to macro- and microscopic inhomogeneities of the tissue and cannot be made arbitrarily small. PMID- 6683019 TI - Breast tissue classification using diagnostic ultrasound and pattern recognition techniques: I. Methods of pattern recognition. AB - This paper discusses the application of statistical pattern recognition techniques to problems in diagnostic ultrasound. Using our own system as an example, we describe the concepts and specific methods that we have applied to a problem involving the computer-aided classification of breast tissue in vivo. Topics include feature generation, feature selection and classification, as well as a method which estimates the probability of error on classifying future data. An accompanying paper applies these methods to the classification of backscattered RF signals from normal and diseased breast tissue. PMID- 6683020 TI - Breast tissue classification using diagnostic ultrasound and pattern recognition techniques: II. Experimental results. AB - The methods of statistical pattern recognition have been applied to the problem of in vivo ultrasonic characterization of breast disease in humans. Backscattered A-mode signals obtained from a commercial pulse imaging system were used to generate a large set of potentially useful features. Using statistical tests, a small subset of discriminatory features was selected to design a Bayes decision rule for each of two tissue classification schemes: malignant disease vs. benign disease, and malignant disease vs. (benign disease + normal tissue). Classification results obtained by the rotation method included sensitivities of 88 percent and 76 percent for the two schemes, based on data obtained from 32 women. These results are encouraging, though a definitive statement concerning the extrapolation of these numbers to the general population should only be made after obtaining results with a large data base. PMID- 6683021 TI - A new wire phantom for accurate measurement of acoustical resolution. AB - This article describes a phantom which is easier to use and gives more accurate results than a phantom made from several pairs of solid wires. This phantom employs two concepts: spatially modulated wires and diverging wires. Spatially modulated wires, such as helically twisted wires, reflect the sound into a broad range of angles. This has two advantages. One, it is easier to align the transducer with the reflected beam. Two, the diffuse reflection is similar to the scattering from tissue, and the system gain need not be turned abnormally low. Diverging wires improve the accuracy and convenience of the measurement. Rather than many pairs of parallel wires, a single pair of wires which diverge from an apex is used. By scanning across this pair until the wires are just resolved, the resolution can be easily calculated. PMID- 6683022 TI - [Renal angiomyolipoma in computer tomography]. AB - Renal angiomyolipoma ia a rare benign lesion. It commonly presents with features suggestive of renal cell carcinoma when unilateral and solitary. It may mimic polycystic kidneys when bilateral and multiple. Angiomyolipomas with a high fat content are easily detected by computed tomography. Preoperative diagnosis of the lesion is possible and may help to obviate nephrectomy. PMID- 6683023 TI - [Diagnostic and surgical endoscopy of the ureter and kidney. Initial experiences with uretero-renoscopy]. AB - The new method of uretero-renoscopy with rigid endoscopes has extended the possibilities for endoscopic diagnosis and procedures in the ureter and kidney. Our first experiences in 37 patients are absolutely positive even if one considers the initial difficulties passing the ostium. This method, introduced by E. Perez-Castro can be recommended to skilled endoscopists if the basic principles of endoscopy are strictly observed (no hard pushing of instruments, continuous optical and x-ray control with contrast medium and physiologic low pressure irrigation). This advice must be observed even more so in operative uretero-renoscopy, where instruments and techniques are still at an initial stage. It was possible to extract transurethrally nearly half of the ureteral calculi prepared for surgical procedure. Biopsy, coagulation and other methods used in connection with operative cystoscopy can be applied. PMID- 6683024 TI - [Percutaneous nephrostomy as primary therapy of ureterovaginal fistula]. AB - We report on our experience with 11 cases of ureterovaginal fistula primarily treated with percutaneous nephrostomy drainage. In 6 patients the fistula persisted and ureteral reimplantation with psoas hitch was performed. In 5 patients the ureterovaginal fistula closed during nephrostomy drainage. In 2 of these 5 cases a distal ureteral stricture developed and was in 1 case successfully treated by ureteral dilation under systemic corticosteroid treatment. In the second case of a ureteral stricture reimplantation was necessary. All 4 patients, that were managed without open surgery had IVP's more than a year after treatment with normal upper tracts. When ureteral reimplantation had to be performed this was an elective procedure with minimal risk and optimal preparation of the patient due to percutaneous nephrostomy drainage. PMID- 6683025 TI - [Experience with the Kaufman prosthesis in the treatment of postoperative urinary incontinence in the male]. AB - 22 patients had urinary incontinence plastic surgery according to Kaufman. Good and satisfactory results (n = 14) are to be expected only in cases of genuine stress incontinence following iatrogenic lesion of the sphincteral mechanism. Preoperative urodynamic clarification is obligatory for excluding neurogenic micturition disorders, detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and bladder instability. Because of the clearly increased complication rate in prostatic cancer, Kaufman incontinence-plastic surgery should only be carried out when over a period of 12 months tumour progression is not to be expected or when radical prostatectomy was done. Complications with necessary prosthesis removal (n = 9) occurred without exception within 8 weeks after surgery. Among them were two cases of decubital necrosis of the urethra, five cases of secondary wound healing and one case of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. General contraindications are: chronically recurrent urinary tract infection, urethral stricture, urethral diverticulum, vesico-urethral reflux with dilated upper urinary tract and the so-called "scarred-rigid urethra". PMID- 6683026 TI - [Wound healing disorders in urology]. AB - In urology wound infections are of particular importance, since they occur in more than 8 of 100 patients. Of all surgical disciplines, urology in fact, is the one with the highest incidence of secondary wound healing. Thus, defective wound healing is seen in about 20% of unselected nephrectomy cases while adenomectomies associated with pyuria and prostatic abscesses show delayed healing in about 40%. In the presence of pyonephrosis or pyelonephritis surgical wounds are infected in 50% of cases. Prolonged preoperative hospitalization increases the chances of skin contamination and, as a result, the risk of wound infection. In addition, it is associated with a higher incidence of hospital infections, which constitutes another endogenous factor underlying defective wound healing. The rate of postoperative wound infections can only be kept within reasonable limits, if close attention is paid to the many factors which contribute to wound healing (e. g. hygiene and preoperative preparation, removal of hair, skin degerming, draping, preoperative disinfection of hands, prophylactic antibiotics etc.) and if strict aseptic and antiseptic precautions are taken. PMID- 6683027 TI - [Local use of antibacterial substances in the bladder and urethra]. PMID- 6683028 TI - [Reflux persisting into adulthood. A clinical study]. AB - 1. Incidence: about 1/10 of all cases; 9/10 mature with/without scarring, even in the case of complicated reflux. 2. SYMPTOMS: onset after age of 16; prior to this clinical silence or minimal symptomatology. 3. Grading and staging: all of them may persist, low as well as high stages; scarring usually progressing; Grade I reflux and Stage III scarring often occur together. 4. INFECTION: female: rare between age of 10 and 15, as the bladder has become stable, later on frequent again due to new instability caused by sexual activity. 5. THERAPY: a. Conversion of complicated reflux into uncomplicated reflux (infravesical relief of obstruction). b. Antirefluxiv operation when urinary tract infections recur and the kidney is worth saving. c. Extirpative operation when unilateral hypertension or grave renal scarring. 6. PROGNOSIS: depends on uni-/bilaterality. 7. Operative results (Gregoir): good in cases of primary reflux, discouraging in cases of complicated reflux. PMID- 6683029 TI - [Stress incontinence in the female--a urologic disease]. AB - Several findings suggest, that other mechanisms than pelvic relaxation are involved in female stress urinary incontinence. Some aspects of diagnosis are given as well as basic principles in surgical treatment are discussed. The pathophysiology, methods of diagnosis and therapy indicate, that stress urinary incontinence is no longer a gynecological but an urological disease. PMID- 6683031 TI - [Preoperative diagnosis of renal hamartoma]. AB - The authors have diagnosed, preoperatively, for the second time a hamartoma renis in a 39-year-old patient. Enucleation of a solitary hamartoma renis in which the kidney could be saved has never appeared in literature until now. The authors are of the opinion that with the aid of arteriography but specifically by means of ultrasound the chances of a correct preoperative diagnosis are at least doubled. PMID- 6683030 TI - [Gracilis flap plasty in the treatment of chronic pelvic infections following radiation therapy and cystoprostatectomy]. PMID- 6683032 TI - Interlocking urethral sounds. PMID- 6683033 TI - [Tactics for managing patients with cataracts complicated by severe myopia]. PMID- 6683034 TI - [Various specific and nonspecific reactions of the human and animal body to noise aboard a ship]. PMID- 6683035 TI - Hypocholesterolemia and hypocortisolemia in acute and terminal Babesia bovis infections. AB - Sera from Babesia bovis-infected cross-bred cows and purebred steers were evaluated throughout the course of acute Babesia bovis infection for cholesterol and cortisol concentrations. Cholesterol and cortisol values of surviving cattle became markedly reduced (less than 50% of normal values) during the acute phase of the disease, Days 10-15 postinoculation, and returned to essentially normal values by the end of the 35 day experimental period. The combined control group values were approximately 2.98 mM/l cholesterol and 0.085 mM/l cortisol throughout the experimental period. The results suggest that if normal synthesis of cholesterol by hepatocytes or other tissues is not maintained, then cholesterol-derived compounds such as cortisol may not be produced at levels adequate to protect against the effects of stress and cell damage during the disease process. PMID- 6683036 TI - Field isolates of Eimeria resistant to arprinocid. AB - Twenty-four field isolates of Eimeria spp. which included Eimeria acervulina, E. praecox and E. mivati were tested for sensitivity to arprinocid included in the diet at 60 ppm. Twelve isolates from sites where arprinocid had been use for 5-7 successive flocks were resistant to the drug, whereas 12 isolates from sites where arprinocid had never been used were sensitive. These results indicate that resistance had been acquired as a result of the use of arprinocid in the field. PMID- 6683037 TI - Epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of Awassi sheep in Iraq. AB - Studies on the epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, conducted at two different farms in the Baghdad area, in 1979, revealed two peaks in worm egg counts in ewes, one in spring and the other in autumn; the latter coincided with the lambing season. Similarly in lambs, two peaks of infection were apparent, but the spring peak was not so well defined. During the hot and dry summer months of Iraq, helminthic infection was at a low level. Faecal culture for larvae and their identification indicated the predominance of Haemonchus contortus infection in the ewes and that of Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus spp. in the lambs examined, Trichostrongylus infection predominating during the hot, dry period of the year. The self-cure phenomenon as well as preparturient rise in egg counts, as reported in other countries, was also observed during this study. PMID- 6683038 TI - Parasitic infections of the grey-breasted helmet guinea-fowl (Numida meleagris galeata) in Nigeria. AB - The major helminth parasites found in wild, semi-wild and golden Sovereign stock guinea fowl were Heterakis gallinarum, Ascaridia galli, Capillaria caudinflata, Raillietina tetragona and R. echinobothrida, while Eimeria species was the most important gastro-intestinal protozoan parasite. The incidence of the latter was higher in the semi-wild stock than in the wild stock. Necropsy of dead guinea fowl indicated that A. galli, H. gallinarum and Eimeria species were indeed responsible for their deaths, especially in the young birds. Parasites found in blood smears were Leucocytozoon sp., Plasmodium sp. and Aegyptianella pullorum. The only tick found, Argas persicus, was on a few semi-wild stock, while lice of genus Damalinia were found only on wild birds. PMID- 6683039 TI - Isozyme pattern of lactate and malate dehydrogenases of Gastrothylax crumenifer (Trematoda: Amphistomatidae) from different hosts. AB - Isozyme pattern of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) of Gastrothylax crumenifer from sheep, goat and buffalo was studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. LDH of G. crumenifer from buffalo, goat and sheep consists of four fractions, three fractions and two fractions, respectively. The parasite from buffalo shows two fractions of MDH, whereas those from goats or sheep show only a single fraction. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 6683040 TI - The activity of closantel as an equine antiparasitic agent. AB - Eighteen pony foals were experimentally infected with 500 third stage larvae of Strongylus vulgaris at 2 weeks, and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 months after birth. For the duration of the study, all foals were kept in the same pasture with their mothers to allow natural infection with other parasites by exposure to a contaminated environment. Twelve of the foals were utilized in groups of 3 and treated orally five times at two month intervals starting at one month of age with closantel at doses of 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg kg-1. Ten months after birth the foals were necropsied to determine the parasitic burdens in the gastrointestinal tracts and the cranial mesenteric arteries. The results indicate a high antiparasitic activity of closantel against larval stages of Gasterophilus intestinalis and S. vulgaris, as well as against adult S. vulgaris, S. edentatus, Anoplocephala perfoliata and Triodontophorus spp., when used at doses of 20 or 40 mg kg-1. PMID- 6683041 TI - Critical tests in equids with fenbendazole alone or combined with piperazine: particular reference to activity on benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles. AB - Seven critical tests in equids were conducted with single doses of fenbendazole (5 mg kg-1) alone (Panacur--American Hoechst, Somerville, NJ); (2 tests with paste and 1 with suspension formulation) or in combination with piperazine (American Hoechst); (40 mg base kg-1); (4 tests with paste formulation). The main purpose of the tests was evaluation of activity against benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles (Cyathostomum catinatum, Cyathostomum coronatum, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus goldi, and Cylicostephanus longibursatus). Natural infections of 2 populations of benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles were evaluated; 1 was population B in 2 horses and the other was population S in 5 ponies. Removal of the 5 species of population B was 49-91% in the animal treated with fenbendazole paste alone and 100% (4 of these species present) in the animal treated with the combination. For population S, 2 of the 5 resistant species were present in small numbers in 1 animal treated with fenbendazole paste alone and all were removed; the 1 animal receiving fenbendazole suspension alone had removals of 0-70% for the 5 benzimidazole-resistant species. Also for population S, the 5 resistant species were present in 2 animals treated with the paste combination and removal was 98-100% and of 4 of the 5 resistant species in 1 animal, removal was 76-99%. Removal of large strongyles (Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus edentatus) was 92-100% for fenbendazole paste alone or in combination with piperazine in the 5 infected animals. For Oxyuris equi, present in 1 animal treated with the combination, there was 91% removal of immature and 100% removal of mature specimens. There probHably was no activity by fenbendazole alone or the combination against bots, tapeworms, and parenteral stages of S. vulgaris and S. edentatus. The combination may have had some activity against immature Habronema spp. and mature abronema muscae. PMID- 6683042 TI - [Deterioration of lipid metabolism in testes under emotional-pain stress]. AB - In severe emotional-pain stressor conditions alterations of lipid metabolism in rat testes appear to develop as a result of activation of peroxidation and lipolysis. These alterations may be important for stress impairment of the testes incretory function. Activation of pentose-phosphate pathway in stress-impaired testes is apparently one of mechanisms required for restoration of their structure and functions after the stress influence. PMID- 6683043 TI - [Suppression of thymus endocrine function and changes in the plasma membrane properties of the lymphocytes in the chemotherapy of systemic oncological diseases in children]. AB - An examination of 16 children suffering from malignancies established marked chemotherapy--induced suppression of endocrine function of the thymus. These findings were in correlation with variations in peripheral blood lymphocytes level in spontaneous rosette-formation test with ovine red blood cells and autoerythrocytes. The levels of E- and A-rosette-forming cells returned to normal following in vitro incubation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with thymostimuline. It is suggested that immunocorrection by means of thymal hormones should be carried out in the course of chemotherapy. PMID- 6683045 TI - [Fat assimilation and indicators of lipid metabolism in the blood of premature infants fed milk mixtures with different fat composition]. AB - The efficacy and adequacy of fat component depending on the feeding type (breast milk, Malyutka, Malyutka with a new fatty composition and Similak mixtures) were defined in the course of feeding 90 premature infants aged 33 to 37 weeks on the basis of clinical observations, determination of fat assimilation and the main indicators of lipid metabolism. All the mixtures were shown to be tolerated well. No significant differences were revealed in the mean daily weight gain and in the monthly body length gain. The children fed breast milk showed a higher assimilation of fats and an increase in the cholesterol level in the blood serum. The indicators of fat retention in children fed Similak and Malyutka with a new fatty composition mixtures were similar to those in children on natural feeding. The milk mixtures under consideration are found to be effective enough and thus can be used for feeding premature children born to mothers with hypo- and agalactia. PMID- 6683044 TI - [Calculation of energy losses in the participants of the skiing expedition to the North Pole]. AB - During the expedition to the North Pole, the food consumption rates were calculated on a regular basis. The mean daily energy losses of the participants of the expedition, the energy losses during skiing with a rucksack across the drifting ice were estimated and the energy metabolism curve by days was built up. The body weight of the participants averaged 78 +/- 5 kg. This made it possible to perform an overall calculation per whole group. The total energy supply with food was appraised from the total amount of the food consumed during the expedition. The total body weight loss of the participants was 11.5 kg, the energy consumption being 100.000 kkal. The total (for 7 men) energy consumption during skiing without a rucksack was calculated according to the formula: [(2,770 kkal X 28.5 days)]+ +[(2,385 kkal X 35.5 days)]. It was thus found to be equal to 1.145.300 kkal. The total energy consumption during skiing with a rucksack was calculated according to the formula: (7 men X X 449 h) and was found to be equal to 1.883.200 kkal. The total energy consumption during the expedition amounted to 3.237.500 kkal. During the expedition, the daily energy deficiency per man was 1.300-1.500 kkal. This deficiency was compensated for during rest. The maintenance of such an energy supply pattern made it possible to preserve a high level of work fitness. PMID- 6683047 TI - [Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Surgical treatment, indications and results]. PMID- 6683046 TI - [Simultaneous pressure measurement of the bladder and urethra in the diagnosis of urinary incontinence in women]. PMID- 6683048 TI - [Significance of ultrasonic diagnosis of the heart in cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 6683050 TI - [Low pressure resection--a new method for prevention of complications in transurethral resection of bladder neck adenoma]. AB - The advanced age and resulting polymorbidity of our patients are a great risk in the post-operative treatment of adenomas of the vesical cervix. TUR with low pressure irrigation is clearly superior to the continuous-rinse resectoscope due to the greater reliability of its suction and is a good method of operative therapy for these old patients due to the low stress it places on them, and can thus clearly improve the quality of their lives. PMID- 6683051 TI - [Deformity of the female urethral orifice and its clinical significance]. AB - In connection with rudimentary uro-genital folds and polypous changes of the female urethral orifice recidive canicularly ascending infections of the urinary passages have been observed; these are due to a disturbance of the self-cleansing mechanism. Early operative correction of these anomalies has proved to be a valuable therapeutic and prophylactic measure. PMID- 6683049 TI - [The laser in urology]. AB - The clinical application of laser in urology has become possible after intensive experimental work. Because of necessary facilities and high costs connected with, the use of laser can be recommended for high specialised medical institutions. At the present time only Neodym-YAG- and Argon-laser meet all the urologic requirements. The CO2-laser is restricted for broad application. Actually tumours of the bladder, urethra, and penis are the fields for laser-application. Treatment of urethral strictures with laser-irradiation seems to be successful too. The photosensitization could being break-through in treatment of superficial tumours. PMID- 6683052 TI - Bovine babesiosis in Nigeria: detection of Babesia organisms in salivary glands of Boophilus decoloratus collected on trade cattle. PMID- 6683053 TI - [Various neurochemical mechanisms of growth of cerebral dysontogeneses]. AB - The development and preservation of conditioned reflexes of passive and active avoidance, behaviour in "the open field", as well as the sensitivity to spasmodic agents were investigated in rats that had suffered acute intrauterine hypoxia, perinatal asphyxia, and exposure to ethanol in the antenatal period. The findings obtained were correlated with the parameters of protein biosynthesis which were considerably altered in some brain structures of the experimental animals. It is suggested that disturbances in protein metabolism in the central nervous system play an important role in the development of long-term manifestations of the deleterious action of pathogenic factors on the developing brain in the antenatal period. PMID- 6683054 TI - [Sex-linked recessive mental retardation without specific clinical manifestations]. PMID- 6683055 TI - Oxytocin determination by radioimmunoassay. III. Improvement to subpicogram sensitivity and application to blood levels in cyclic cattle. AB - An improved RIA for measurement of oxytocin in blood is described by using an extraction method with SEP-PAK C18 cartridges, which allows also concentration of the sample, a new antiserum with a higher sensitivity to standard oxytocin and preparation of the standard curve in buffer. The lower limit of assay sensitivity was 0.25 pg/tube, corresponding to 0.25-1.0 pg/ml plasma depending on the amount of plasma extracted. Hence, it was no problem to measure oxytocin basal concentrations in peripheral blood in the range of 0.6-4 pg/ml plasma depending on the stage of the oestrous cycle. The highest oxytocin concentrations occurred during the early and mid-luteal phase. The method has been applied also for samples from women, sheep, pigs and horses. Mean (+/- SD) recovery of oxytocin added to plasma or only buffer after extraction was 71.3 +/- 8.1%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) = 11.4% (n = 27 assays). The intra-assay CV of two control samples was 7.9 +/- 2.8 and 7.8 +/- 2.4% (n = 17 assays). The inter-assay CV of 5 control samples with low and high oxytocin concentrations varied between 10.8 +/- 17.3% (n = 25 assays). The 50% intercept was 2.5 +/- 0.3 pg, CV = 11.3% (n = 29 assays). PMID- 6683056 TI - Blood flow in the ovary and adjacent structures of the non-pregnant sheep. AB - Blood flow of the ovary, vascular pedicle and oviduct was measured in anaesthetized non-cycling and cycling ewes by timed collection of ovarian venous blood. The degree of arterio-venous shunting across the ovary and pedicle was estimated both in vivo and in vitro by perfusing the tissues with 15 +/- 5 micrometers radioactive microspheres. The mean ovarian blood flow in non-cycling animals was 1.9 ml/min, which was 51% of blood flow in the ovarian vein. In cycling animals ovarian blood flow at midcycle was 2.9 ml/min (66% of ovarian venous flow) in non-luteal ovaries and 4.3 ml/min (79% of venous flow) in luteal ovaries. The degree of arterio-venous shunting was low in all stages of the cycle (1.0-2.6% across ovary + pedicle). The degree of shunting was also found to be very small in vitro (0.007-1.38%) in both non-luteal and luteal ovaries. A considerable number of microspheres was entrapped in the vascular pedicle of the ovary indicating the presence of an extensive capillary bed. There was an inverse relationship between blood flow in the ovary and flow in the vascular pedicle. Alterations in distribution of blood flow between the ovary and adjacent structures supplied by the ovarian artery may be of functional significance in allowing rapid changes in ovarian blood flow. The results of the present study indicate that changes in ovarian blood flow during the oestrus cycle are not caused by an action on arterio-venous shunt vessels. PMID- 6683057 TI - Decrease in serum testosterone concentration during treatment with tetracycline. AB - Serum concentrations of testosterone and the binding capacity of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured on days 2 days immediately preceding tetracycline treatment, on 3 days of treatment and on 2 days immediately after cessation of treatment. On the treatment days serum mean testosterone concentrations were significantly lower than on the control days (17 +/- 0.9 vs 21 +/- 0.8 nmol/l, P less than 0.01). There were no differences in the SHBG. The 'free testosterone index' behaved like the total testosterone. PMID- 6683059 TI - Clearance of materials from breakdown of uterine collagen in mice during postpartum involution. AB - The collagen content of the mouse uterus increases during pregnancy and rapidly decreases to the level of nulliparous mice within a few days post partum. Most of the hydroxyproline in the uterine collagen had disappeared by day 3 post partum. During postpartum involution the hydroxyproline concentration in both the serum and blood clot was not higher than in nulliparous mice. The total hydroxyproline content in the liver, spleen and thymus was significantly increased during postpartum involution. These results indicate that materials derived from the breakdown of uterine collagen are rapidly removed from the blood stream by reticuloendothelial clearance. PMID- 6683060 TI - The incompetent cervix during pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasound. AB - Ninety-one pregnant patients in mid-trimester were examined for suspected cervical incompetence using ultrasound. This diagnosis means that detached membranes at the internal os are bulging into a dilated cervical canal. In 13 cases cervical dilatation was found. These patients were operated on using McDonald's purse-string suture. Only one of these patients had premature rupture of the membranes and was delivered at 35 weeks. In all other operated cases the pregnancy continued beyond 37 weeks. Ultrasound is an objective method of diagnosing incompetence of the cervix in pregnancy. PMID- 6683058 TI - Lactation leukopenia in mice. PMID- 6683061 TI - Transient post-partum hypothyroidism. AB - Transient hypothyroidism was observed in two young women a few months following childbirth. It is suggested that throughout their pregnancy they had already suffered from auto-immune thyroiditis, the symptoms of which were suppressed at that time, as found in many other auto-immune diseases. Being transient, post partum hypothyroidism is an exception to the rule that treatment by thyroid hormone replacement should never be stopped in hypothyroidism. Post-partum hypothyroidism has to be considered in every suspected case of post-partum depression, because of the possible similarity in the clinical presentation. PMID- 6683062 TI - Coronal cleft of vertebrae, a variant of normal enchondral ossification. AB - In 157 spontaneously aborted human embryos and fetuses the incidence and evolution of coronal cleft formation was investigated radiologically and histologically. Complete clefts were formed in nine cases and incomplete clefts in 16 cases. There was a predominance of males. It is concluded that coronal clefts are variations of normal enchondral ossification and that the notochord plays no role in its pathogenesis. Coronal clefts seen on radiographs of newborn should not be interpreted as a malformation. Thus no preventive or treatment regimen is indicated. PMID- 6683064 TI - The influence of perinatal factors on breast feeding. AB - The effect on breast feeding of various factors connected with delivery and the immediate post partum period were investigated in a group of 1701 parturients. Children born by caesarean section or assisted delivery, those of low birth weight or asphyxiated at birth started breast feeding significantly less often than healthy children delivered normally. The length of breast feeding was not affected by these factors once it was started, 49% breast feeding for six months or more. Exceptionally young and old mothers breast fed less well than mothers in general. Mothers whose husbands attended the delivery breast fed more often and longer than others. Failure to start breast feeding occurred in only 2.4% of the material. In this material with high breast feeding rates it can be concluded that obstetric and perinatal abnormalities have a small but nevertheless significant effect on the incidence of breast feeding. PMID- 6683063 TI - Red blood cell morphology in healthy full-term newborns. PMID- 6683065 TI - Alcoholic women in fertile age treated at an alcohol clinic. AB - The consumption of alcohol by women in Sweden is strongly increasing, especially in younger individuals. Since the rediscovery of the teratological properties of alcohol most of the studies concerning foetal alcohol damage in man have covered female skid row alcoholics. This investigation describes the medical and social characteristics of a group of women (n = 92) receiving inpatient care for alcoholism compared with an age-matched control group, in relation to obstetrical history. The conditions in the control group were in accord with those of the general population. Social problems and degree of alcoholism were noticeably advanced among the probands. The proband women who gave birth after established regular alcohol consumption were younger, showed more psychiatric complications during the treatment period, had started drinking and developing signs of advanced alcoholism earlier in life compared with probands who gave birth before established regular alcohol consumption. They also exhibited more social disturbances. The social problems caused by the mothers' alcohol abuse are expected to aggravate the biological consequences to their children. PMID- 6683066 TI - [Alcohol and sexual dysfunction]. PMID- 6683067 TI - Interactions of morphine with PGE1, isoproterenol, dopamine and aminophylline in rat mast cells; their effect on IgE-mediated 14C-serotonin release. AB - The formaldehyde method was used to examine the interactions of morphine with PGE1, isoproterenol, dopamine and aminophylline in rat mast cells by their effects on IgE-mediated 14C-serotonin release. PGE1 (2 x 10(-8) -2 x 10(-5) M), isoproterenol (10(-10) -10(-8) M), dopamine (4 x 10(-8) -4 x 10(-6) M) and aminophylline (6 x 10(-6) -6 x 10(-4) M) caused dose-related inhibition of the mediator release 1 min after an antigen challenge, and propranolol (10(-7) M) blocked the inhibition by isoproterenol (10(-8) M) but not that by dopamine (4 x 10(-6) M), while haloperidol (4 x 10(-6) M) blocked that by dopamine (4 x 10(-6) M) but not that by isoproterenol (10(-8) M). Morphine (3 x 10(-7) -3 x 10(-5) M) reversed the inhibitory effects of PGE1 (2 x 10(-6) M), isoproterenol (10(-8) M) and dopamine (4 x 10(-6) M) dose-dependently and stereospecifically; naloxone (2 x 10(-4) M) antagonized these reversing actions of morphine (3 x 10(-5) M). Morphine (10(-6) -10(-4) M) did not reverse the inhibitory action of aminophylline (6 x 10(-4) M). These results suggest that the inhibitory responses of mast cells to PGE1, isoproterenol and dopamine but not to aminophylline in immunological mediator release were reversed by morphine through opioid receptors, and that the inhibition of adenylate cyclase in mast cells is one of the biochemical actions of morphine. PMID- 6683068 TI - Clinical pharmacology of platinum complexes and their possible usefulness outside oncology. PMID- 6683069 TI - Resting and exercise left ventricular function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) at rest and during exercise was measured in 19 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by means of radionuclide angiography. The results were compared to those in 20 normal subjects. Based on hemodynamic data, patients with HCM were divided into three groups. In group I, no demonstrable left ventricular outflow obstruction, there were five patients; their mean EF increased from 68% +/- 8.9 (+/- SD) at rest to 74% +/- 9.2 during exercise (p less than 0.05). In group II, latent obstruction, there were six patients; their mean EF at rest (75.2% +/- 8.2) and at peak exercise (78.7% +/- 6.7) was not statistically different (p greater than 0.05). Group III, obstruction present at rest, consisted of eight patients; EF at rest (82.6% +/- 8.5) decreased significantly during exercise (75.6% +/- 7.7, p less than 0.01). In normal subjects resting EF was 66.3% +/- 7.6; it increased to 76.4% +/- 7 (p less than 0.001). Exercise duration and heart rate-blood pressure product were lower in groups II and III. Thus there are significant differences in left ventricular systolic function both at rest and during exercise between these three major hemodynamic subgroups. These findings emphasize the importance of such a hemodynamic classification of HCM. PMID- 6683070 TI - Two forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy distinguished by inheritance of HLA haplotypes and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. AB - In this study we have performed human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A and B typing on nine patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and their relatives. Four patients had relatives who also had the disease. HLA typing of the familial form of HCM revealed a very close association of a given HLA-A,B haplotype with the occurrence of the disease. All four patients who had affected relatives had obstruction of left ventricular outflow (LVOT), while four patients with unaffected relatives did not have obstruction. One additional patient with obstruction and without familial incidence was an only child and had few living relatives. Thus, HCM can be divided into two subtypes: a familial form linked to the HLA-A,B system, which may be related to obstructive type, and a sporadic form not linked to HLA antigens. These data confirm the existence of at least two separate forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The study also confirms their existence in the Japanese population, with a completely different gene pool than the population from the southeastern United States in whom the observation was initially described. PMID- 6683071 TI - Identity and the electrocardiogram, with a note on twins and altered identities. PMID- 6683072 TI - Dog tapeworm infestation in an infant. PMID- 6683073 TI - Angiosarcoma of the lung with fatal pulmonary hemorrhage. AB - A patient with fatal pulmonary hemorrhage was found to have angiosarcoma of the lung at postmortem examination. This case, occurring in a man with a prior history of industrial exposure in South African copper mines, is the third well described primary occurrence of this tumor in the lung. PMID- 6683074 TI - Specific terminal DNA replication sequence of X chromosomes in different tissues of a live-born triploid infant. AB - Using the thymidine pulse method, DNA replication kinetics were studied on cells derived from cartilage, gonad, lymphocytes, and skin of a live-born triploid (69,XXY) infant with typical clinical findings. Replication studies showed that 3% of the lymphocytes had one early and one late replicating X, and 97% of the lymphocytes, and cartilage, gonad, and skin cells had two early replicating X's. Asynchronous DNA replication between the two early replicating X's was observed in all tissues (range 25-40%). The predominant terminal replication sequence of X chromosomes from chondrocytes, gonad, and skin fibroblast differed from that of the lymphocytes. Thus, a tissue-specific DNA replication pattern of the early replicating X chromosome may be present. In every tissue, the last band to complete DNA replication was Xq21. Polymorphisms of metaphase chromosomes of parents and the patient were studied by Q-banding. The possible origin of the extra haploid set of chromosomes is discussed. PMID- 6683075 TI - Interstitial deletion 2q31 leads to q33. AB - We present an 8-month-old female with severe retardation of growth and development, multiple congenital anomalies, and an interstitial deletion del(2)(q31 leads to q33) including results of cytogenetic and gene marker studies. The manifestations of this infant are compared with those of four other known patients with a partial del(2q). PMID- 6683076 TI - Discordance for the Kleeblattschadel anomaly in monozygotic twins with thanatophoric dysplasia. AB - We describe monozygotic twins with thanatophoric dysplasia who were discordant for the Kleeblattschadel anomaly, but were identical in all other respects, including the histologic appearance of the endochondral growth plate. The observation suggests that the skull anomaly represents a variable manifestation of thanatophoric dysplasia, and that its occurrence in an infant with this bone dysplasia should not alter the low recurrence risk generally given. PMID- 6683077 TI - Diagnosis of symmetrical growth retardation by serial ultrasound and serum human chorionic gonadotropin measurements in a bicornuate uterus: a case report. PMID- 6683078 TI - Birth weights among infants born to adolescent and young adult women. AB - Birth weights of 422 infants born to primigravid patients under the age of 16 years were compared with the birth weights of 422 infants born to a racially comparable group of primigravid patients 20 to 24 years old. No significant difference in birth weights was found between the two groups. Although infants of adolescents were born of shorter gestations than infants of older women, overall mean birth weights were similar, since the infants of adolescents were heavier at gestations of less than 37 weeks. Race and sex of the infant were more important predictors of birth weight among the adult group, whereas the maternal gain in weight was a more important factor among the adolescent group. Reduced birth weights reported in previous studies among infants of adolescents may have been due to overrepresentation of risk factors among these mothers rather than to maternal age, per se. PMID- 6683079 TI - Relationship between amniotic fluid volume and maternal plasma volume expansion. AB - Amniotic fluid and maternal plasma volumes were estimated in high-risk obstetric patients suspected of being hypovolemic. Excluding cases of intrinsic maternal or fetal disease, there were good (P less than 0.001) correlations between maternal plasma volume expansion and amniotic fluid volume. In the presence of oligohydramnios, there is usually maternal hypovolemia, and vice versa. Oligohydramnios may often be corrected by vigorous maternal plasma volume expansion, which is sometimes indicated in the treatment of cases of fetal distress. It is presumed that only when maternal plasma volume expansion is normal, is uterine perfusion sufficient to provide amniotic fluid formation in normal amounts. The varying amounts of amniotic fluid seen in normal pregnancies at term probably reflect the varying fetal activities of swallowing and voiding. PMID- 6683081 TI - Depression in a pair of identical twins: the narcissistic dyad. PMID- 6683080 TI - Cesarean section versus vaginal delivery for the breech fetus weighing less than 1,500 grams. AB - Although previous studies have suggested that the breech infant weighing less than 1,500 gm benefits from cesarean section, the published results have not demonstrated statistically significant differences. We have evaluated pediatric outcome data for 240 breech infants and 525 vertex infants who weighed less than 1,500 gm, to determine whether route of delivery affects infant morbidity and mortality. Twenty-nine percent of these very small breech infants who were delivered by cesarean section died, as compared to 58% of breech infants of similar weight who were delivered vaginally (p less than 0.001). Comparable significant differences were found for the infants delivered at a university hospital as well as for those delivered at a group of nonuniversity hospitals. Apgar scores and the incidence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage were not different for the cesarean section and vaginally delivered breech infants. Furthermore, the survival rate of the breech infants delivered by cesarean section equaled that of the vertex infants delivered either by cesarean section or vaginally. PMID- 6683082 TI - Reproductive tumor immunology. PMID- 6683083 TI - Anisakiasis in the western United States: four new case reports from California. AB - Four cases of transient anisakiasis in northern California acquired by ingestion of raw fish were reported to health authorities between May 1977 and June 1980. A single Phocanema decipiens-like 4th-stage (L4) larva was identified in each of two cases. A recently molted adult male P. decipiens with a fragment of attached L4 cuticle and prominent caudal papillae was recovered from a third person. The latter is the only human case known in which an anisakid worm developed to the adult stage was involved. Two Anisakis type I larvae were recovered in the fourth case, being the first parasitologically confirmed case of human infection with this worm described from the coterminous United States. Differential diagnosis was based on cuticular characteristics of larval types and stages as well as the presence of major internal organs. All infections were acquired during May and June. Subjects were 25-37 years old; three were female; two were of Japanese and one of Polynesian ancestry. Raw salmon or raw "red snapper" (probably Sebastes sp.) was the presumptive source of worms in one case each. Mild stomach pain and nausea were noted from the time of ingestion for up to 20 hours after the infective meal; worms were coughed up or found in the mouth up to 2 weeks thereafter. Five other incompletely documented California cases are discussed. PMID- 6683084 TI - Growth and transovarial transmission of Chandipura virus (Rhabdoviridae: Vesiculovirus) in phlebotomus papatasi. AB - Chandipura virus multipled in sand flies (Phlebotomus papatasi) following intrathoracic inoculation. Within 24 hours, mean virus titers in infected flies increased approximately 4 logs. Experimentally infected P. papatasi transmitted the virus by bite to newborn mice and by transovarial transmission to their progeny. Eight percent of the F1 offspring of experimentally infected female parents were infected with Chandipura virus. PMID- 6683085 TI - [Oxidative deamination of different amines in the placenta in spontaneous abortions and premature labor]. PMID- 6683086 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura during pregnancy. A pediatric viewpoint. AB - Thrombocytopenia in the fetus must be anticipated when the mother has or has had idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Although maternal morbidity and mortality is extremely low, the overall fetal mortality is high and ranges from 13-25%. The mortality in almost all cases is due to intracranial hemorrhage and appears to be related to the events surrounding labor and delivery. At the present time, the only guide to possible fetal involvement is the activity of the ITP process in the mother. In this review the current state of the art is examined. A scheme for the management of these cases at the time of expected date of confinement is proposed and is based upon the maternal and fetal platelet counts, maternal response to corticosteroids, and obstetrical considerations. It is recommended that cesarean section be given strong consideration when significant fetal involvement is anticipated or demonstrated by fetal scalp blood platelet level. PMID- 6683087 TI - Separation of zeta (zeta) and various gamma (gamma) chains of human embryonic hemoglobin Portland I by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The zeta (zeta) and various gamma (gamma) chains of Hb Portland I have been separated and isolated from blood samples obtained from neonates with hydrops fetalis due to homozygous alpha-thalassemia. By using developers containing acetonitrile, methanol, and potassium phosphate and either an analytical (3.9 mm x 30 cm) or a preparative (7.8 mm x 30 cm) muBondapak C-18 column (Waters), globin chains from 200 micrograms to 5.0 mg have been isolated in pure forms. Analytical and preparative procedures using short (50-min duration) and extended (186-min duration) gradient programs have been developed. In addition to the type of column and developer conditions, the following factors are found to be important: (a) preparation of sample, (b) sample loading, and (c) cleaning of the column. Preliminary studies indicate that the yield ranges from 40 to 60% depending on the type of globin sample and the age of the column. This procedure also permits the separation of alpha, beta, and various gamma globin chains from fetal and adult samples. PMID- 6683089 TI - Oral metoclopramide and cisplatin chemotherapy. PMID- 6683090 TI - [Isotopic splenoportography]. PMID- 6683088 TI - The involvement of the central cholinergic and endorphinergic systems in the nitrous oxide withdrawal syndrome in mice. AB - The nitrous oxide withdrawal syndrome in mice was used as an experimental model to examine some of the factors which may play a role in postanesthetic excitation. Predisposition to nitrous oxide withdrawal convulsions as judged by duration of susceptibility was decreased significantly after pretreatment with the cholinesterase inhibitors, physostigmine and galanthamine, or with the opiate receptor blocking agent naloxone. Results are discussed in relation to the central anticholinergic syndrome, endorphin release, and disturbances which follow nitrous oxide anesthesia in humans and animals. PMID- 6683091 TI - Gas absorption in serous otitis. A clinical aspect. AB - Animal experiments have shown that gas absorption can produce a considerable intratympanic underpressure when the gas composition of the middle ear is disturbed. A similar phenomenon was observed in children with serous otitis. In 12 ears with underpressures exceeding -150 mm H2O, Valsalva inflation or politzerization produced a transient improvement followed by a rapid return to subatmospheric pressures ranging from -130 to -300 mm H2O. In four cases with middle ear pressures between -65 and -135 mm H2O, the same procedure did not result in any significant underpressures. These findings suggest that inflation of the middle ear in the presence of a deep underpressure serves no purpose. It is also possible that a negative pressure, once established, can be maintained in this way. PMID- 6683092 TI - Evaluation of nutritional status. AB - The assessment of nutritional status has become very popular, especially for patients undergoing stress (surgery) or potential parenteral nutrition. Evaluation of cancer patients is essentially the same as for other patients. Body fat reserves are approximated by subcutaneous skinfold measurements. Somatic protein (skeletal muscle) mass is decreased in marasmus (protein-calorie malnutrition) and is evaluated by anthropometric determinations, based upon age and sex or both. Instead of using relatively inadequate standards such as the 1959 Metropolitan Life Insurance tables for ideal weight, it is advocated to use the population percentiles derived from the Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (HANES) published in 1979. The visceral protein mass is decreased in kwashiorkor and is approximated by study of the liver transport proteins. A mixed type of protein-calorie malnutrition may exist, e.g., cancer cachexia, with marked decrease of immunocompetence. A prognostic nutritional index, based on biologic measurements rather than true nutritional assessment, can predict the probability of complications and survival in severely ill patients. All such studies should be used to substantiate good clinical judgement, based on adequate history and physical examination with emphasis on the nutritional aspects. PMID- 6683093 TI - Effect of oral zinc supplements on growth, hormonal levels, and zinc in healthy short children. AB - 13 short children aged 7-13 years who had a retarded bone age and low hair zinc concentration (under 140 micrograms/g) were treated with oral zinc supplements for a year. There was a significant increase in the growth rate in the children whose hair zinc concentration increased. Growth hormone, testosterone and somatomedin C also increased after oral zinc supplementation. Data from 755 short healthy children who have attended our Growth Clinic are presented which describe their hair and serum zinc concentration at different ages. The data indicate a decline in hair zinc concentration after birth with a gradual increase at age 4-6 years, finally reaching adult normal levels after adolescence. PMID- 6683094 TI - Oral bioavailability of the monobactam aztreonam (SQ 26,776) in healthy subjects. AB - To investigate the oral bioavailability of aztreonam (SQ 26,776), we administered single 500-mg doses of this monobactam as an oral solution, as two 250-mg capsules, and as a 3-min intravenous infusion to 15 healthy male subjects at 1 week intervals according to a three-way crossover study design. Serum and urine samples were assayed by microbiological methods. The absolute systemic bioavailability of each oral formulation, defined as the ratio of areas under the serum concentration-time curves after oral and intravenous administration, was less than 1%. Peak serum levels achieved with oral solution, capsule, and intravenous infusion were 0.15, 0.14, and 56.7 micrograms/ml, respectively, and cumulative urinary excretion was 0.7, 0.6, and 68% of the administered dose, respectively. PMID- 6683095 TI - Characterization of a soybean cultivar lacking certain glycinin subunits. AB - The 11S storage protein (glycinin) of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr., cv. Raiden] was studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid sequence analysis. It contained the following subunits composed of acidic (A) and basic (B) polypeptides: A1aB2, A1bB1b, A2B1a, and A3B4. However, it lacked polypeptides A4, A5, and B3 which are present in many other cultivars. A new acidic polypeptide called A6 was present in a low amount and was characterized by amino acid sequence analysis. It was homologous to A4, although of a smaller apparent molecular weight. Since Raiden has an average protein content of about 40% and its glycinin fraction can be purified as a 350,000 D complex which is typical of other cultivars, the results imply polymorphism with respect to glycinin subunit composition. Because there is a wide variation in the methionine content of the various subunits, these findings suggest the possibility of genetically manipulating the nutritional quality of soybean seed protein by altering glycinin subunit composition. PMID- 6683096 TI - Increased microsomal oxidation of hydroxyl radical scavenging agents and ethanol after chronic consumption of ethanol. AB - The oxidation of ethanol by rat liver microsomes is increased after chronic ethanol consumption. Previous experiments indicated that hydroxyl radicals play a role in the mechanism whereby microsomes oxidize ethanol. Experiments were therefore carried out to evaluate the role of these radicals in ethanol oxidation by microsomes from ethanol-fed rats, and to determine whether the increase in ethanol oxidation by these induced microsomes correlates with an increase in the generation of hydroxyl radicals. Rat liver microsomes from ethanol-fed rats catalyzed the oxidation of two typical hydroxyl radical scavenging agents, dimethylsulfoxide and 2-keto-4-thiomethylbutyric acid, at rates which were two- to threefold greater than rates found with control microsomes. This increased rate of oxidation of hydroxyl radical scavengers was similar to the increased rate of microsomal oxidation of ethanol. Azide, which inhibits contaminating catalase in microsomes, increased the oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide and 2-keto 4-thiomethylbutyric acid by both microsomal preparations. This suggests that H2O2 may serve as the microsomal precursor of the hydroxyl radical. Cross competition for oxidation between ethanol and the hydroxyl radical scavenging agents was observed. Moreover, the oxidation of ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, or 2-keto-4 thiomethylbutyric acid was inhibited by other compounds which interact with hydroxyl radicals, e.g., benzoate, and the free-radical, spin-trapping agent, 5,5 dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide. These results suggest that the increase in the rate of ethanol oxidation found with microsomes from ethanol-fed rats may be due, at least in part, to an increase in the rate of production of hydroxyl radicals by these induced microsomes. Increased production of oxyradicals may possibly result in oxidative damage to the liver cell as a result of ethanol consumption. PMID- 6683097 TI - Antibacterial effect of cyanoacrylate glue. AB - Enbucrilate (butyl-2-cyanoacrylate; Histoacryl [West Germany], no comparable US product) is a tissue adhesive used in the management of corneal perforations that may have a therapeutic value in suppressing selective pathogens isolated, from corneal infections. In three patients with confirmed corneal infections, varying degrees of inhibition were observed. Bacteriostatic activity was most pronounced against gram-positive microorganisms, and no activity was observed against gram negative organisms. It appears that this chemical adhesive provided an ancillary means of promoting healing of corneal perforations. PMID- 6683098 TI - Turning behavior after unilateral lesion of the subthalamic nucleus in the rat. AB - Unilateral stereotaxic lesions of the subthalamic nucleus of rats with kainic acid induced a transient spontaneous ipsiversive turning which was present for several days, and which could be blocked by i.p. administration of haloperidol. After the 20th postoperative day, when no spontaneous turning activity was present, i.p. administration of apomorphine or amphetamine in the kainic acid lesioned rats induced ipsiversive turning, while i.p. haloperidol in the same rats induced contraversive turning. These findings suggest that the subthalamic nucleus is involved in the dopaminergic mechanisms mediating turning behavior of rats. PMID- 6683099 TI - Antidyskinetic properties of estrogens. AB - There is mounting evidence that several gonadal hormones may influence central nervous system. In particular, it has been found that estrogens display an antidopaminergic activity at the level of the extrapyramidal motor system. In this line we have investigated behavioral and biochemical parameters related to nigrostriatal DAergic function. Results obtained further indicate that estrogens display an antidopaminergic activity, by acting on nigrostriatal postsynaptic DAergic receptors. These results may suggest an antidyskinetic activity of estrogens. PMID- 6683100 TI - Molecular size of secreted and cell-associated plasminogen activators from cultured epidermal cells. AB - The molecular sizes of secreted and cell-associated plasminogen activators from four cultured cell types were determined using an SDS-PAGE technique in which plasminogen and casein were included during polymerization of the polyacrylamide gel. The major bands of plasminogen activators secreted by human neonatal epidermal cells, human adult epidermal cells and transformed human squamous cells migrated the same distance as the high molecular weight band of authentic urokinase, indicating that the apparent molecular weight of these plasminogen activators was approximately 55,000 daltons. Plasminogen activator extracted from normal adult human epidermis also migrated with this major band of plasminogen activator, and a minor higher molecular weight band was also detected. In contrast, plasminogen activators secreted by transformed mouse squamous cells migrated between the high molecular weight band (approximately 55K) and the low molecular weight band of urokinase (approximately 32K), indicating that plasminogen activators of mouse epidermal cells differ from those of human epidermal cells. The mobility of the major bands of plasminogen activators detected in cell lysates of the four cell types was identical to that of secreted plasminogen activators. PMID- 6683101 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on calmodulin: calcium-induced conformational change. AB - The 400-MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies were carried out on the Ca2+-induced conformational change of calmodulins (CaM's) isolated from scallop testis and pig brain. The resonances were found to be classified approximately into three groups. The resonances of group I, which are perturbed by the binding of Ca2+ to the high-affinity sites, include those of tyrosine-138, epsilon trimethyllysine-115, histidine-107, tyrosine-99, etc. The previous assignments for tyrosine- (Tyr) 138 [Seamon, K. B. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 207] were corrected. The resonances of group II, which are affected by the binding of Ca2+ to the low-affinity sites, include those of a phenylalanine (Phe), a high field shifted methyl, and a low field shifted alpha-methine. Group III (related to the binding of Ca2+ to both the high-and low-affinity sites) includes the resonances of a Phe, a high field shifted methyl, and threonine-143. It is concluded that sites III and IV are the high-affinity sites. The off-rate of Ca2+ from the high affinity sites is slower than 50 s-1 while the off-rate from the low-affinity sites is faster than 600 s-1. In the Ca2+-free state, there exists a hydrophobic region containing three phenylalanine (probably Phe-89, Phe-92, and Phe-141), a valine, and an isoleucine in the vicinity of sites III and IV. Tyr-138 is distant from these amino acids. Upon binding of Ca2+ to the high-affinity sites, one of the Phe residues and the valine approach Tyr-138. Similar structural changes were observed between CaM and troponin C when Ca2+ ions are bound to the high-affinity sites. CaM changes in a somewhat different way from troponin C when Ca2+ ions are bound to the low-affinity sites. PMID- 6683102 TI - Unique cytochalasin B binding characteristics of the hepatic glucose carrier. AB - Cytochalasin B is shown to inhibit uptake of 3-O-methylglucose into isolated rat hepatocytes with a Ki = 1.9 microM. The nature of this inhibition was characterized by studies of [3H]cytochalasin B binding to liver plasma membranes. Scatchard analysis of [3H]cytochalasin B binding reveals a complex curvilinear binding pattern. This pattern can be resolved into three components: (1) a high affinity (ca. 10(-8) M) cytochalasin E sensitive site unrelated to glucose uptake, (2) a glucose-sensitive site, and (3) a low-affinity site. When 5 microM cytochalasin E is employed to mask the high-affinity site, glucose displaces 40 60% of the remaining [3H]cytochalasin B binding. Analysis of this glucose sensitive cytochalasin B binding according to Scatchard reveals a Kd = 1.7 microM, indistinguishable from the concentration of cytochalasin B which half maximally inhibits hepatic glucose uptake. These data identify a glucose sensitive cytochalasin B binding site in liver plasma membranes which corresponds to the glucose carrier in the intact hepatocyte. The Ki of 1.9 microM for inhibition of hepatic glucose uptake by cytochalasin B and the Kd of 1.7 microM for [3H]cytochalasin B binding to liver plasma membranes are values 1 order of magnitude higher than values for the same parameters determined in all previous studies of facilitated hexose diffusion systems. The hepatic hexose carrier is therefore unique, and this uniqueness may be of regulatory significance with regard to glucose homeostasis. PMID- 6683103 TI - Chemical modification of the small intestinal Na+/D-glucose cotransporter by amino group reagents. Evidence for a role of amino group(s) in the binding of the sugar. AB - Some amino group reagents inactivate the small-intestinal Na+/D-glucose cotransporter, as measured either as a catalyst of Na+-dependent D-glucose transport or as a Na+-dependent phlorizin ligand. The amino group(s) studied in this paper are not identical with those investigated previously (Biber, J., Weber, J. and Semenza, G. (1983) Biochim. Biochim. Acta 728, 429-437): these are protected from inactivation by the simultaneous presence of Na+ plus sugar substrates. They are thus likely to be located within the substrate-binding site. PMID- 6683104 TI - Metabolic disposition of prostaglandin E1 in man. AB - Metabolism of [17, 18-3H]prostaglandin E1 was investigated in three healthy male volunteers during intravenous infusion. The infusion rate was 5.0 ng/kg per min. Blood samples were obtained before the end of the infusion as well as 5, 10, 20, 40, 90 and 180 min afterwards; urine and feces were collected until 96 and 72 h, respectively, after the experiment. All samples were analyzed for radioactivity. Urine was further chromatographed, including by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Radioactivity in plasma rapidly declined during the first 10 min after termination of the infusion, and then was eliminated exponentially with a mean half-life of 181 min, probably reflecting slow excretion of one or more metabolite. 12% of the administered radioactivity could be recovered from feces and 88% from urine. From the radioactive material obtained from urine the following metabolites could be identified (each number represents data of one volunteer): 7 alpha-hydroxy-5,11-diketotetranor-prostane-1,16-dioic acid (10.4, 20.4 and 30.1%), 7 alpha-hydroxy-5,11-diketotetranor-prostanoic acid (8.2, 6.9 and 9.3%), 5 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-11-ketotetranor-prostane-1,16-dioic acid and its delta-lactone (together accounting for 4.1, 2.1 and 3.8%). PMID- 6683105 TI - [Mutagenic action of the DNA of the highly oncogenic bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV-3)]. AB - The induction of mutations to the 6-mercaptopurine resistance has been studied in Chinese hamster cells after transfection with highly oncogenic bovine adenovirus type 3 DNA (BAV-3). A statistically significant increase in the yield of resistant mutants is induced by viral DNA after two days expression time. The value of induction varies from 56,12 X 10(-5) to 70,02 X 10(-5). The comparison of the mutagenic activity of DNA and the intact viral particles has revealed that the number of DNA molecules must be higher than after infection with the whole virus to obtain a similar effect. PMID- 6683106 TI - Long-lasting hypersensitivity to methamphetamine following amygdaloid kindling in cats: the relationship between limbic epilepsy and the psychotic state. AB - This study attempts to analyze the biological mechanisms involved in the association of a psychotic state with temporal lobe epilepsy, and the inverse relation between the epilepsy and this psychotic state. Responses to a test dose of methamphetamine (MAP) were examined in amygdaloid-kindled cats. It was found that (i) MAP-induced stereotyped behavior was enhanced after amygdaloid kindling, and this hypersensitivity lasted for at least 10 days after the final convulsion, (ii) autonomic responses to MAP including piloerection, salivation, heart rate, and respiration rate were also enhanced by the kindling, (iii) kindled generalized convulsions were suppressed during MAP-induced stereotyped behavior in some cats, and (iv) this suppression was blocked by pretreatment with pimozide. Engel and Ackermann proposed that inhibitory events precipitated by each kindling stimulus could produce changes in the catecholaminergic system similar to the reverse tolerance seen with dopamine agonists, and that inhibitory hypersensitivity could parallel the development of kindled excitation. This was partially confirmed by the present study, and leads to the hypothesis that excitation of seizure-inhibiting activity, including activity of the dopamine system, may be related to the emergence of a psychotic state, and to the inverse relationship between epilepsy and the psychotic state in temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 6683107 TI - Effects of dopamine and serotonin on concentrations of luteinizing hormone and estradiol-17 beta in plasma of cycling ewes. AB - Effects of 0, 0.66 and 6.6 micrograms/kg per min of dopamine (DA) and of 0, 0.06 and 0.66 micrograms/kg per min of serotonin (5-HT) on secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol-17 beta and progesterone were examined in ewes during luteal regression and the follicular phase. Onset of luteolysis was synchronized with two injections of 7.5 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) (i.m.) given 3 h apart in ewes which were 12-14 days postestrus. Ewes were infused intravenously with DA, 5-HT or a combination of DA and 5-HT for a 60-h period beginning at the time of the first PGF2 alpha injection. Neither DA nor 5-HT influenced the decrease in plasma concentrations of progesterone following PGF2 alpha. Effects of DA and 5-HT on tonic secretion of LH changed during the infusion. During the first 12 h, increasing doses of DA depressed and increasing doses of 5-HT increased mean concentrations of LH in plasma in a linear manner (DA, P less than 0.01; 5-HT, P less than 0.05). Between 16 and 34 h, 6.6 micrograms/kg per min of DA continued to suppress LH, however, 5-HT was no longer stimulatory to secretion of LH. DA was unable to inhibit secretion of LH after 40 h. Also, between 0 and 34 h, concentrations of estradiol-17 beta in plasma were decreased by infusion of DA (P less than 0.01). Interval from PGF2 alpha to onset of the preovulatory surge of LH, magnitude of the surge and duration of the surge were not altered by infusion of either DA or 5-HT. PMID- 6683108 TI - Effect of parasympathetic decentralization and paracervical ganglion excision on reproductive function in the rat. AB - The uterine paracervical ganglion (Frankenhauser's ganglion) contains the terminal ganglion cells of the sacral parasympathetic system and, in some species, the short adrenergic system. Histochemical studies also show numerous chromaffin cells with morphologic attributes of interneurons. The present study explores the function of cell types present in this ganglion, by seeking changes in reproductive function following either parasympathetic decentralization (transection of the cauda equina) or excision of the ganglion itself. Two well known reproductive phenomena were observed after each surgical intervention, namely, induction of uterine hyperemia by estrogen administration, and maintenance of normal vaginal cycles. Estrogen-induced uterine hyperemia was not affected by parasympathetic decentralization or ganglion excision. Therefore, nerves originating in, or passing through this structure may be eliminated as components of the vascular control mechanism. In contrast, compared to sham operated controls, ganglionectomy caused a significant reduction in the proportion of animals exhibiting normal vaginal cycles postoperatively (P less than 0.05). Cycle distribution was more evident in animals ganglionectomized on metestrus (P less than 0.01) and proestrus (P less than 0.05) than in animals ganglionectomized on diestrus or estrus. Since parasympathetic decentralization did not produce cycle disruption similar to ganglionectomy, one may conclude that the cycle-modulating effect does not involve preganglionic fibers of the sacral parasympathetic nerves. PMID- 6683109 TI - Prolactin in the cat: II. Diurnal patterns and photoperiod effects. PMID- 6683110 TI - Fertilization and cleavage of rhesus monkey oocytes in vitro. PMID- 6683111 TI - The binding of cationic surfactants by DNA. AB - Isotherms for the binding of dodecyltrimethylammonium (DTA+) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium (TTA+) ions by DNA in aqueous solution at 30 degrees C are reported. The binding isotherms were determined using a potentiometric technique with cationic surfactant-selective electrodes. The DNA concentrations used are 5 X 10(-4) and 10(-3) equiv./kg, surfactant concentrations varying from 3 X 10(-6) M to the critical micelle concentration. The influence of added NaCl (0.01 M) on the binding process is studied. The binding process is shown to be highly cooperative. Applying the binding theory of Schwarz and of Satake and Yang, binding constants and cooperativity parameters can be calculated. The binding constant K is found to be 1.2kT larger for TTA+ than for DTA+ in salt free solution, and 1.4kT larger for TTA+ than for DTA+ in 0.01 M NaCl. The cooperativity parameter mu is about 1.1kT larger for TTA+ in salt-free solution, and 1.2kT larger in 0.01 M NaCl. It is concluded that the hydrophobic part of the bound surfactant is not completely immersed in the hydrophobic DNA core, but also interacts with other surfactant molecules. This situation is compared to the case of micelle formation. PMID- 6683112 TI - Peptide studies using a fast atom bombardment high field mass spectrometer and data system. 1--Sample introduction, data acquisition and mass calibration. AB - Conditions were established for analyzing as little as 5 pmol of an underivatized peptide delivered in a glycerol sample matrix as a thin film onto a gold-plated copper sample stage and then bombarded with xenon fast atoms. Calibration of the fast atom bombardment high field mass spectrometer and data system was achieved using cesium iodide/glycerol as a reference. Calibration at several accelerating potentials permitted a mass range from 393 to 5941 u. Several factors were examined that contribute to the quality of the mass spectrum: components within the glycerol such as other peptides, alkali salts, acid and reducing agents; the nature of the fast atom gas; concentration of the peptide delivered to the sample stage; and the effect of the sample stage and sample matrix on sensitivity. PMID- 6683113 TI - Interactions between fibrin and the plasminogen activators produced by cultured endothelial cells. AB - Serum-free conditioned medium (CM) from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEs) was fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and analyzed for plasminogen activator (PA) activity by fibrin autography. Distinct size forms of PA with molecular weights (mol wt) of 100,000, 74,000, and 52,000 were readily identified by this approach. When fibrinogen and thrombin were added to CM containing these forms, approximately 55% of the total activity was found to associate with the resultant fibrin clot. The other 45% remained free in the supernatant. This relationship did not change at higher fibrin concentrations. Subsequent analysis revealed that only the larger PA forms (mol wt 74,000-100,000) were recovered in the clot. The 52,000 form did not bind to the polymerizing fibrin under these conditions. The fibrin binding forms also bound to immobilized concanavalin-A and could be separated from those forms that did not interact with fibrin by concanavalin-A affinity chromatography. The PA activity of the separated forms was then compared by assessing their ability to cleave 125I-plasminogen. Although cleavage by the 52,000 mol wt form was apparent, little if any cleavage was initiated by the mixture containing the 74,000-100,000 forms. The addition of fibrin to this sample resulted in the generation of a potent PA activity. These results indicate that cultured BAEs produce multiple forms of PA that differ both in size and in behavior toward fibrin and concanavalin-A. These forms include molecules that functionally and immunochemically resemble human urokinase, and others that resemble human tissue-type PA. PMID- 6683114 TI - Unbalanced cell growth and increased protein synthesis induced by chemotherapeutic agents. AB - Unbalanced cell growth as manifested by an increase in cellular volume and in cellular dry mass following exposure to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents has been shown for neoplastic cells in vitro and human leukemic cells in vivo. The purpose of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that unbalanced cell growth results from a disassociation of cell growth and cell division due to the blocking effect of chemotherapeutic agents. Monolayer cultures of CHO fibroblasts were studied in terms of their response to two chemotherapeutic agents that differ significantly in their mode of action, adriamycin and chlorambucil. Following exposure to these drugs, cell volume increased at a rate of from 1% to 4% per h; the total cell protein increased at a rate of from 4% to 7% per h. These changes were observed in both log and stationary phase cultures. Thus exposure to adriamycin and chlorambucil was followed by a more rapid rate of protein synthesis relative to the rate of degradation, resulting in larger cells with more protein whether or not the cells were actively in the division cycle. This is inconsistent with the hypothesis that unbalanced growth results simply from a disassociation of the cell division cycle from cell growth. These observations suggest that a final common pathway in the mode of action of chemotherapeutic agents may be the induction of unscheduled protein synthesis resulting in unbalanced cell growth. PMID- 6683115 TI - Mercury distribution in an ecosystem of the "Parque Nacional de Donana," Spain. PMID- 6683116 TI - Vascular plasminogen activator and deep vein thrombosis. AB - In attempts to determine the aetiology of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) it has been established that some patients with a history of lower limb DVT have a low level of vascular plasminogen activator (VPA) in their superficial hand veins and this combined with a poor VPA release is thought to predispose to thrombosis (1). Hand veins rarely develop thrombosis and so the level of VPA has been measured quantitatively in the more commonly at risk veins of the lower limb. In 6 limbs operated on for varicose veins, paired samples of vein from the groin and from the calf were examined. The median activity score for the groin veins (8138 cpm/micrograms) was significantly higher than the activity in the calf veins (2353 cm/micrograms)(P = 0.01). In 9 limbs amputated for critical ischaemia, paired samples of calf long saphenous vein and soleal vein were examined. The VPA in the former was 1675 cpm/micrograms compared with 6796 cpm/micrograms in the soleal veins. This difference is significant at the 1 per cent level. A correlation has been shown between the VPA content of these two sets of veins (R = 0.87). The low level of VPA in the superficial calf veins may be an aetiological factor in superficial thrombophlebitis, but the commonest site for DVT, the soleal veins of the calf, have a high level of VPA. PMID- 6683117 TI - Differential effects of morphine, dopamine and prolactin administered iontophoretically on arcuate-ventromedial hypothalamic neurons. AB - The effect of iontophoretically applied morphine, dopamine and prolactin on the spontaneous, extracellular electrical activity of arcuate-ventromedial hypothalamic neurons was studied in urethane-anesthetized female rats. The deposition of morphine and dopamine suppressed, while prolactin was found to enhance, the rate of spontaneous firing of more than half of the neurons recorded. It is suggested that the present findings may be of significance in the understanding of the interaction of the opioids, dopamine, and prolactin in the regulation of prolactin secretion. PMID- 6683118 TI - [Poststenotic dilatation of the pulmonary artery in children]. PMID- 6683119 TI - Is there cumulative or delayed toxicity from cis-platinum? AB - Evidence of increasing risk of nephrotoxicity was sought in the records of 95 patients who had received 300-826 mg/m2 cumulative doses of cis-platinum in single doses of 50-75 mg/m2 every 3-4 weeks, with hydration and diuresis using mannitol and furosemide. The incidence of serum creatinine elevation to greater than 1.5 mg/dl was 4.2% per patient and 0.75% per dose, no higher than the incidence observed at lower cumulative doses. Among 54 of these patients observed for at least 3 months after cessation of cis-platinum chemotherapy, only one had later deterioration of renal function to a serum creatinine of 1.9; both kidneys had been irradiated to 1900 rad in this patient. It was concluded that cumulative, delayed or severe nephrotoxicity are not significant problems related to prolonged cis-platinum administration at moderate doses when hydration and diuretics are routinely used. PMID- 6683120 TI - Experimental studies on the radiation-modifying effect of cis diamminedichloroplatinum II (DDP) in human bladder transitional cell carcinomas grown in nude mice. AB - The effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (DDP) and ionizing radiation on human bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was evaluated in nude mouse-grown human tumors following administration of single-agent and combination treatment. Combination of DDP and radiation resulted in accelerated tumor regression and substantially delayed tumor regrowth. The potentiating effect of DDP on ionizing radiation was related to timing and sequence of treatments and was independent of tumor sensitivity to DDP. Best results, as judged by tumor growth curve characteristics, histopathologic changes, and absence of tumor metastases, were obtained when DDP was administered at an early stage following radiation treatment. PMID- 6683121 TI - Chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A ten-year experience. AB - Seventeen patients, 14 after radiation therapy relapse, with measurable nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with chemotherapy. Remissions were observed in 9 of 17 (53%) with 3 complete (CR) and 6 partial responses (PR). Five (2 CR + 3 PR) of seven patients with lymphoepithelioma achieved remission, 4 (1 CR + 3 PR) of 8 with keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, and 2 progressions with transitional cell carcinoma. Complete remissions were only achieved with CDDP based combinations, with 2 of the 3 CR rendered histologically free of disease at the time of repeat biopsy of the tumor bed. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is responsive to chemotherapy, even after radiation therapy relapse. The most effective chemotherapy combinations contain CDDP. Histologic differentiation did not appear to influence the frequency of remissions. PMID- 6683122 TI - Chromosome 1q+ in erythroid and granulocyte-monocyte precursors in a patient with essential thrombocythemia. AB - A 55-year-old man with essential thrombocythemia had multiplication of bands q21 to q32 of chromosome 1 in all studied mitoses from bone marrow, from unstimulated blood, and from erythroid and granulocyte-monocyte colonies grown in vitro. The multiplication was in the form of triplication in 16 out of 20 mitoses from the marrow and in 4 of 6 mitoses from the blood; the rest showed a duplication of this region. All 20 mitoses from erythroid and granulocyte-monocyte colonies showed the abnormality in the form of duplication. These findings indicate most probably a clonal evolution, the triplication having arisen in the clone with the duplication. This may be associated with early leukemic transformation. The detection of the 1q+ aberration in two different types of hematopoietic colonies indicates the involvement of multipotent stem cells in at least this patient with essential thrombocythemia. PMID- 6683123 TI - Comparison of the sister chromatid exchange and cell survival assays as a measure of tumor cell sensitivity in vitro to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II). AB - Cytotoxic effects of treating RIF-1, EMT6, and 9L tumor cell lines with cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) were measured with the sister chromatid exchange assay and compared to results obtained with the colony-forming efficiency assay. The greatest number of sister chromatid exchanges was induced in RIF-1 cells, fewer in EMT6 cells, and the least in 9L cells. Cell survival data obtained with the colony-forming efficiency assay paralleled data obtained with the sister chromatid exchange assay. These studies suggest that the sister chromatid exchange assay may be a useful method with which to determine the in vitro sensitivity of tumor cells to some antineoplastic agents. PMID- 6683124 TI - Quenching of DNA:platinum(II) monoadducts as a possible mechanism of resistance to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in L1210 cells. AB - A line of mouse leukemia L1210 cells resistant to cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) was compared with its parent cell line in order to determine whether the sensitivity difference could be related to DNA interstrand cross-linking as measured by the alkaline elution technique. The study was stimulated by a previous finding that the magnitude of DNA interstrand cross-linking, although somewhat reduced in this resistant line, did not account for the relatively high degree of resistance. Therefore, the kinetics of cross link formation and removal was studied. Cross-link removal rates were determined by the use of thiourea to stop the delayed formation of interstrand cross-links from cis-DDP:DNA monoadducts. There was no significant difference between the cross-link removal rates in the parent and resistant lines. Computer-analyzed kinetics was consistent with an enhanced cis-DDP:DNA monoadduct quenching mechanism in the resistant cells. PMID- 6683125 TI - Inhibition of human lymphoma DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by 6 mercaptopurine ribonucleoside triphosphate. AB - 6-Mercaptopurine was found to inhibit the growth of cultured human lymphoma P3HR 1 cells and the incorporation of [3H]-uridine into trichloroacetic acid precipitable materials of the cells. One of the derivatives of 6-mercaptopurine, 6-mercaptopurine ribonucleoside triphosphate (6-thio-ITP), was found to inhibit in vitro RNA synthesis (both engaged and free enzyme activities) of the isolated nuclei from P3HR-1 cells. The alpha-amanitin-resistant RNA polymerase (polymerase I) and alpha-amanitin-sensitive RNA polymerase (polymerase II) of the cells were isolated and partially purified by either diethylaminoethyl cellulose or diethylaminoethyl Sephadex column chromatography, followed by DNA-cellulose affinity chromatography. It was found that these partially purified enzymes were also sensitive to 6-thio-ITP inhibition. Kinetic studies showed that the inhibition of RNA polymerase activities by 6-thio-ITP could be reversed by increasing concentrations of guanosine 5'-triphosphate in the reaction mixture, indicating that 6-thio-ITP may act as a competitive inhibitor of the enzymes by competing with guanosine 5'-triphosphate for its enzyme-binding site. These data suggest that inhibition of RNA transcription by 6-thio-ITP may be considered as one of the mechanisms of the cytotoxic action of 6-mercaptopurine in human tumor cells. PMID- 6683126 TI - Comparable growth regulation of five human tumor cell lines by neonatal human lung fibroblasts in semisolid culture media. AB - Cellular growth interactions were studied between neonatal human lung fibroblasts (NLF-13) and human tumor lines derived from carcinomas of the prostate (PC-3, DU145), bladder (J82), and endometrium (HEC-1A) and from a glioma (Hs 683t). NLF 13 were interacted with tumor cells in soft agar or agarose media using two experimental protocols. In one system, NLF-13 cells were grown as anchored monolayers proliferating under the tumor cell layer. In the second, NLF-13 were embedded directly (nonanchored) into the agar or agarose layer with the tumor cells. The results from both interaction systems were similar for all five tumor lines. Anchored NLF-13 caused a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth, whereas nonanchored cells produced a dose-dependent growth stimulation. A time exposure experiment indicated that tumor stimulation and inhibition were biphasic responses to NLF-13. It was concluded that low concentrations of a diffusible NLF 13 product(s) accelerated tumor growth, whereas high concentrations were inhibitory. Further, the production of the active NLF-13 substance(s) was positively correlated with NLF-13 growth rate. Tumor cell inhibition was irreversible after a 5-day exposure to proliferating NLF-13 cells. Another line of normal neonatal human lung fibroblasts (NLF-147) showed inhibitory properties similar to those described for NLF-13. However, preliminary studies with fibroblasts from the skin of a Down's syndrome neonate (DS-172) and from a human kidney tumor (KTF-130) have shown both these fibroblast types to have a reduced ability to inhibit tumor cell cultures (J82) compared to the neonatal lung fibroblasts (NLF-13 and NLF-147). PMID- 6683127 TI - Phase I evaluation and pharmacokinetics of aziridinylbenzoquinone using a weekly intravenous schedule. AB - Quinone derivatives have shown intensive antitumor activity in a broad variety of neoplasias. Aziridinylbenzoquinone is designed to have adequate lipid solubility to attain useful drug concentrations in the central nervous system. A Phase I study of aziridinylbenzoquinone was conducted in 32 patients with advanced solid cancers. The drug was given as a slow i.v. injection on Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 42-day cycle with a 2-week rest. Five dose levels ranging from 5 to 20 mg/sq m were studied, with 3 to 10 patients treated at each level; a total of 156 doses were administered. The major toxicity was myelosuppression with the median nadir in platelet and white blood cells occurring at Days 15 to 27 of the cycle, and first appearing at doses greater than 10 mg/sq m. Anemia was first seen at the 10 mg/sq m dose level, occurring between Days 22 and 40. Nonmyelosuppressive toxic effects included nausea and vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, stomatitis, slight alopecia, and transient fever. The highest tolerated dose was 20 mg/sq m, the recommended dose for Phase II studies. Plasma and urine pharmacokinetics were studied in 17 patients by a high-pressure liquid chromatography method. Plasma decay curves could be fitted to a two-compartment open-system model with an overall average alpha and beta half-life values of 10.5 +/- 6.28 min and 16.90 +/ 8.63 (S.D.) hr. Aziridinylbenzoquinone levels were determined in urine samples of 12 patients, but less than 0.1% of the dose was excreted in the 0- to 4-hr sample of two patients, and none was detected in the urine of 10 patients. PMID- 6683128 TI - Plasma levels of estrone, estrone sulfate, and estradiol and the percentage of unbound estradiol in postmenopausal women with and without breast disease. AB - To investigate the possibility of increased tissue exposure to estrogen in breast cancer patients, plasma levels of estrogens and the percentage of unbound estradiol were measured in postmenopausal women with benign or malignant breast disease and compared with levels in normal postmenopausal women. The percentage of unbound estradiol in breast cancer patients [1.85 +/- 0.35% (S.D.)] was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than in normal postmenopausal women [1.52 +/- 0.33%] and was still significantly higher when patients were matched with control subjects for weight (p less than 0.001) or ideal body weight (p less than 0.001). The binding capacity of sex hormone binding globulin was similar in both groups of women. No significant differences in the plasma levels of estrone, estradiol, or estrone sulfate were detected between breast cancer and normal subjects. It is concluded that, given similar concentrations of estradiol in plasma of normal and breast cancer subjects, the significant increase found in the unbound estradiol fraction may result in a very small increment in tissue exposure to estrogens in breast cancer subjects. However, even such a small increase in tissue exposure to estradiol may be significant, given the length of time required for breast tumor development. PMID- 6683129 TI - Characterization of an immune suppressor from transformed human trophoblastic JEG 3 cells. AB - Cultured human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells secrete an immunosuppressor that inhibits lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by either an antigen or a mitogen. In this study, the immunosuppressive factor was characterized by three methods: ion-exchange and exclusion chromatography, partition in organic solvents, and thin-layer chromatography on silicic acid. This JEG-3 cell factor appeared to be a protein complex of about 150,000-200,000 Da that contained an immunologically active polar lipid. The structural and functional characteristics of JEG-3 cell immunosuppressor are similar if not identical to those of SIF, a suppressor lymphokine derived from T cells. These secretions from transformed trophoblastic cells may correspond to normal placental products or represent a function of malignant cells. PMID- 6683130 TI - Evidence for a 2,3-epoxide as an intermediate in the microsomal metabolism of 6 nitrobenzo[a]pyrene. AB - The rat liver microsomal metabolism of 3-deutero-6-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene ([3-2H]6 NO2-BaP) was studied. The metabolites were separated by h.p.l.c. The 500 MHz 1H n.m.r. spectral analysis of the metabolites indicated that the 3-hydroxy-6-NO2 BaP and 6-NO2-BaP-3,9-hydroquinone each retained 33% of the deuterium label at the C-2 position. It is proposed that the migration of deuterium occurs via an NIH shift mechanism. These results indicate that a 2,3-epoxide is a common intermediate. PMID- 6683131 TI - Systolic anterior motion of the posterior mitral leaflet: a previously unrecognized cause of dynamic subaortic obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Dynamic obstruction to left ventricular outflow in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy usually occurs when the anterior mitral leaflet moves forward in systole and approaches or contacts the ventricular septum. However, we have recently identified, by M mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, 21 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who had a unique pattern of mitral valve motion characterized by abnormal mitral valve coaptation and systolic anterior motion of the posterior mitral leaflet. This abnormality of mitral valve motion was most reliably identified with two-dimensional echocardiography in views of the left ventricle obtained from the apex. At end-diastole the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets did not appear to coapt at their distal free margins. Rather, at mitral valve closure, the anterior mitral leaflet contacted the basal portion of posterior mitral leaflet. Subsequently, during systole the "residual" distal portion of posterior mitral leaflet approached or contacted the ventricular septum. Morphologic observations in nine other patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy suggested that systolic anterior motion of the posterior mitral leaflet is due to elongation of the middle scallop of the posterior leaflet, which probably comes into apposition with the ventricular septum during systole by passing through the space created by the normal pattern of chordal attachments onto the anterior mitral leaflet. Of the 16 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization, nine had basal subaortic gradients of 20 to 85 mm Hg, which were apparently due to moderate or marked systolic anterior motion of the posterior mitral leaflet. Ventricular septal myotomy-myectomies were performed in two patients and resulted in markedly diminished systolic anterior motion of the posterior mitral leaflet in each and abolition of subaortic gradient in the one patient who underwent postoperative cardiac catheterization. Hence, in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, systolic anterior motion of the posterior mitral leaflet (1) is not uncommon (identifiable in about 10% of a consecutively studied series of patients), (2) constitutes a previously undescribed mechanism for dynamic subaortic obstruction, and (3) is due to a malformation of the posterior mitral leaflet. PMID- 6683132 TI - Prediction of the severity of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic Doppler studies. AB - In this study we explored the use of continuous wave Doppler echocardiography guided by simultaneous two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging as a method for noninvasively estimating pressure gradients in patients with discrete forms of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. We studied 16 children, ages 6 months to 17 years, with valvular aortic stenosis (n = 12) or with discrete subaortic stenosis (n = 4) and compared maximal Doppler velocities in the aorta with pressure gradients obtained at cardiac catheterization. Examinations could be performed from the suprasternal notch view or from the apical left ventricular outflow tract view with equal accuracy for the study of flow in the left ventricular outflow tract, and results were comparable in both views. With a simplified Bernoulli relationship (gradient = 4 X [maximal velocity]2), results suggested that Doppler echocardiography could be used to predict the severity of obstruction in our patients with a correlation coefficient of r = .94 (SEE +/- 7.5 mm Hg) between Doppler-estimated gradients and gradients obtained at catheterization. The method appears promising for initial evaluation and for serial management of patients with discrete forms of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. PMID- 6683133 TI - Systemic thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction? PMID- 6683134 TI - Pharmacology of thrombolytic agents. Implications for therapy of coronary artery thrombosis. AB - The potential for rapidly dissolving coronary artery thrombi and for decreasing the risk of mortality after myocardial infarction by use of thrombolytic therapy is considerable. However, data are insufficient regarding the relative efficacy of regional vs systemic administration, the proper dose of activator administered regionally, the therapeutic role of the plasma lytic state during regional therapy, the incidence of serious bleeding, and the potential for simpler therapy using new activators with fibrin specificity. PMID- 6683135 TI - Thymic hormone containing cells. III. Evidence for a feed-back regulation of the secretion of the serum thymic factor (FTS) by thymic epithelial cells. AB - Cells containing the serum thymic factor (FTS), as measured by indirect immunofluorescence, were studied in mice either FTS depleted by injection of anti FTS monoclonal antibodies or immunization against FTS coupled to bovine serum albumin (FTS-BSA), or FTS enriched by multiple injections of synthetic thymulin (FTS-Zn). Injections of thymulin did not significantly depress FTS secretion. Conversely, long term elimination of FTS from peripheral blood caused a great increase in the thymic intracellular content of FTS, as evidenced by the higher number of FTS containing cells observed with immunofluorescence. These data could provide the first evidence of a feed-back control of thymic endocrine function. PMID- 6683136 TI - Direct hyperbilirubinemia complicating ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn. AB - A retrospective study of the diagnostic implications of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia complicating ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) was done by studying the records of 264 infants with ABO-HDN. Direct hyperbilirubinemia was found to complicate ABO-HDN in 3 per cent of the infants, all being full term. Eighty-seven per cent were female and familial occurrence was noted in half of the cases. Most of the infants presented with anemia on the first day of life. Our data suggest that this is a benign complication of ABO-HDN which clears within a month. PMID- 6683137 TI - Tracheo-esophageal perforation in the newborn: a case report. PMID- 6683138 TI - [Hypoprolactinemia in a subject with psychogenic insufficiency of sexual function and mild asthenospermia]. PMID- 6683139 TI - What some concepts might not be. PMID- 6683140 TI - The development of discourse mapping processes: the on-line interpretation of anaphoric expressions. PMID- 6683141 TI - Preschoolers' counting: principles before skill. PMID- 6683142 TI - Sensitivity to grammatical structure in so-called agrammatic aphasics. PMID- 6683143 TI - Sex differences in secretion pattern of neonatal rat Harderian gland under various environmental lighting conditions. AB - 1. Secretion pattern of Harderian gland of neonatal rats maintained under (a) diurnal lighting conditions; (b) continuous light or (c) continuous darkness was studied at light microscopy level. 2. All animals were placed in especially designed cages at 13:00 hr on day 1 and studied on day 7 at 13:00 and 23:00 hr, respectively. 3. Acini with intraluminal secretion were counted in glands from each animal and the results were separately grouped for male and female animals. 4. A diurnal rhythm in secretion pattern of rat Harderian gland in neonatal period was demonstrated. 5. A statistically significant difference was observed in the gland secretion pattern between males and females at both, 13:00 and 23:00 hr when the animals were kept under diurnal lighting conditions. 6. Under continuous light or continuous darkness, the diurnal rhythm in secretion pattern was lost and no significant differences were seen when data from males were compared to those from female neonates. 7. Results are discussed in terms of the possible function of Harderian gland as element of an extraretinal photoreceptor system involved in the regulation of pineal function in neonatal rats. PMID- 6683144 TI - Fluctuations in DNA synthesis by mammary tissue from the pregnant hamster, rat and three strains of mice. AB - 1. DNA synthesis was determined at midnight and noon in mammary tissue from 13 day pregnant mice (C3H, C57B110 and BALB/c) and 14-day pregnant golden hamsters and Sprague-Dawley rats. 2. Mammary tissue from the hamster and the three mouse strains had elevated DNA synthesis at midnight compared with noon. 3. In contrast, DNA synthesis in mammary tissue from the rat was not different at these two time periods. PMID- 6683145 TI - Further experience with toxic vitamin A therapy in pityriasis rubra pilaris. AB - A patient with short-duration pityriasis rubra pilaris was successfully treated with high-dose, toxic vitamin A (retinol), but the disease subsequently recurred in new areas. Serum levels of vitamin A were highest four hours after treatment and returned to the base level within twelve hours. Fasting blood levels of vitamin A during treatment increased to five times the pretreatment level. Ultrastructural changes in the keratinocytes were notable vacuolation, granularity of the cytoplasm, and a decrease in tonofilament masses, all indications of the cellular effect of the vitamin A. We believe that patients with long-duration pityriasis rubra pilaris should be considered for this treatment. PMID- 6683146 TI - Fragile X expression studied by clonal analysis and somatic cell hybridization. AB - The expression of the fragile site on the X chromosome was examined in euploid somatic cell hybrids to determine if a normal genome could complement the abnormal genome and suppress fragile X expression. Fibroblasts from the patient showed the fragile X in 8% to 12% of cells, and fibroblasts from the normal individual showed no fragile X expression. Six fibroblast clones from the patient showed a variable frequency of fragile X expression (from 6.6% to 12%), suggesting that the fragile X is not expressed in a clonal fashion. Three clones from the normal individual did not show the fragile X. Four hybrid clones showed the fragile X in 5.6%, 4.0%, 7.0%, and 4.0% of cells, respectively, indicating that fragile X expression is not completely suppressed by the normal genome. PMID- 6683147 TI - Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationships in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Changes induced by verapamil. AB - In 16 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, an acute response of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and volume index to intravenously administered verapamil was assessed. Verapamil decreased the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 20 +/- 6 to 17 +/- 5 mm Hg(p less than 0.001) and increased the end diastolic volume index from 82 +/- 22 to 91 +/- 23 ml/sqm (p less than 0.01). In 13 (81 percent) of 16 patients, an improvement of end-diastolic pressure-volume relationships occurred. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, intravenous verapamil exerts a beneficial effect on left ventricular filling conditions, producing an augmentation of filling volume at a lower filling pressure. PMID- 6683148 TI - Epoxide hydrolase in human placenta at different stages of pregnancy. AB - The epoxide hydrolase activity towards styrene-7,8-oxide was investigated in the microsomal fraction of 18 human placentas from the midtrimester and the term of pregnancy. The enzymatic activity was 0.40 +/- 0.03 nmol/min/mg microsomal protein. No relation was found between gestational age and the rate of styrene oxide hydration. The kinetics of the enzyme were studied in 3 placentas. Biphasic kinetics were observed in each of the tissue specimens. The enzyme was inhibited both by 1,1,1-trichloropropene-2,3-oxide (0.25 mM) and benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-oxide (0.2 mM) which had similar inhibiting potency. PMID- 6683149 TI - Detection of dominant lethal mutation in mice after repeated low-dose administration of 6-mercaptopurine. AB - Detection of dominant lethality after repeated low-dose administration was investigated, using the base analog 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). The compound was administered to groups of 30 outbred CD-1 male mice by i.p. injection at dosage levels of 12.5, 25.0, or 50.0 mg/kg/day 5 days a week for 8 weeks. At the end of treatment, each male was cohoused for 1 week with two untreated females of different strains: one CD-1 and one (C3H x C57BL/10)F1. Negative (solvent) and positive (triethylenemelamine, TEM) control groups were included. Implant data were analyzed statistically. Exposure of male mice to 6-MP at 50 mg/kg/day resulted in 93% mortality and severe weight loss of the survivors. Body weights were also reduced in the group given 25 mg/kg/day. At the lowest dose level of 12.5 mg/kg/day, 6-MP had no noticeable toxic effect on the treated males. Dominant lethal analysis of the implant data showed that a statistically significant increase in dead implantations was induced in CD-1 but not in (C3H x C57BL/10)F1 females. The dominant lethal effect of TEM, the positive control, was detected in both strains of females tested. PMID- 6683150 TI - Angiosarcoma of the nose. PMID- 6683151 TI - Inhibition of steroidogenesis in cultured Leydig tumor cells by 22-amino-23,24 bisnor-5-cholen-3 beta-O1 and (20R) 20-phenyl-5-pregnene-3 beta,20-diol. AB - Using the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme purified from bovine adrenals, we have previously shown that 22-amino-23,24-bisnor-5-cholen-3-beta-ol (22-ABC) and (20R) 20-phenyl-5-pregnene-3 beta, 20 diol (20-PPD) are potent competitive inhibitors of this enzyme. The studies presented herein were designed to characterize the effects of these new inhibitors on steroid production by intact cells. Using cultured Leydig tumor cells, we compared the effects of 22-ABC, 20 PPD, and aminoglutethimide (a well-known inhibitor of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme) on hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis. Our results show that these compounds inhibit steroid production in a dose-dependent manner and that 20 PPD and 22-ABC are about 100 and 4 times more active, respectively, than aminoglutethimide. In these cells, the inhibitory effects of the new compounds seem to be localized exclusively at the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. PMID- 6683152 TI - Sensory mechanisms involved in the induction of pseudopregnancy by progesterone: increased sensitivity to stimulation of the pudendal sensory field. AB - The sensory mechanisms that participate in the induction of pseudopregnancy after a single injection of progesterone were investigated. Unless otherwise indicated, rats were kept in group cages and vaginal smears were taken daily. Progesterone evoked pseudopregnancy in a dose-dependent manner when administered to proestrous or estrous rats that received no cervicovaginal stimulation. The probability of pseudopregnancy after progesterone was higher on estrus. Cervicovaginal stimulation of proestrous rats that received 5 mg progesterone 10 h before was performed with a rod with a sliding stop attached to regulate its intravaginal penetration. Progesterone facilitated responsiveness to this stimulus, although the amount injected was not significantly effective in increasing the incidence of pseudopregnancy in nonstimulated rats. However, the mere application of the stop of the stimulator on the perineal skin was followed by a significantly higher incidence of pseudopregnancy in progesterone-injected rats than in their vehicle-injected controls, which suggested an action of the steroid on perineal sensitivity. Accordingly, the pseudopregnancy-evoking effect of progesterone was clearly inhibited by refraining from taking vaginal smears for 5 days after steroid injection on estrus. No further inhibition was observed after isolating the animals in single rat cages. However, daily finger stimulation of the perineal skin of nonsmeared rats restored to a normal level response to progesterone. Furthermore, this response was severely impaired by transecting the pudendal nerves before the injection. It is concluded that pseudopregnancy is induced in progesterone-treated rats through sensory stimulation of the pudendal receptive field and it is suggested that the pudendal nerve may subserve as a secondary afferent system to elicit the pseudopregnancy response. The possibility progesterone also acts on other afferent systems including the main afferent system constituted by the pelvic nerve is discussed. PMID- 6683153 TI - Stimulation of sugar transport in cultured heart cells by triiodothyronine (T3) covalently bound to red blood cells and by T3 in the presence of serum. AB - T3, covalently bound to red blood cells (RBCs), stimulated the uptake rate of 2 deoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG) in cultured chick embryo heart cells. The response, measured 6 h after exposure, was at least the same than that to free T3. An inhibitor of rhodamine-T3 internalization, bacitracin, did not affect the stimulation of sugar uptake by T3 regardless of whether T3 was covalently bound or free. Pretreatment of RBC-T3 with anti-T3 immunoglobulin G completely blocked the effect of T3, whereas normal rabbit immunoglobulin G failed to do so. Addition of 5% chick serum to the medium stimulated 2-DOG uptake to 144% of the control at 6 h. Adding T3 (10 nM) to the serum-containing medium increased 2-DOG uptake to 171% of the control. The effect of T3 alone or in the presence of serum was not inhibited by cycloheximide, puromycin, or actinomycin D. A T3 dose response curve, in medium containing 10% dehormonized serum, showed enhancement of the T3 effect when compared with the curve obtained in the serum-free medium. The minimal effective concentration of T3 was 10 pM in the presence of serum and 100 pM in its absence. The slope of the linear portion of the dose response curve was greatly increased and the maximal response markedly enhanced by serum. The ED50 was 0.33 nM vs. 0.43 nM in terms of total T3 concentration and 0.16 nM vs. 0.43 nM in terms of free T3 in the presence or absence of serum, respectively. These data suggest that T3, in physiological concentrations, activates sugar transport through an external contact with the cell surface. PMID- 6683154 TI - Effects of caffeine ingestion on metabolism and performance during graded exercise. AB - Seven trained men were studied during graded cycle ergometer exercise to assess the effects of caffeine ingestion on metabolism and performance. A single blind experimental procedure was followed with one trial being performed 60 min after the subject ingested caffeine (5 mg . kg-1) while the second trial required the subject to ingest a placebo with the treatment order being counterbalanced. Subjects began exercising at a work load of 30 W while the load was increased by an additional 30 W every 3 min until the subject could not maintain the desired pedal frequency. Venous blood samples were obtained at each work load and assayed for free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, lactic acid, and caffeine. There was no significant difference (p greater than 0.05) in time to exhaustion between the two experimental treatments. Resting measurements of FFA and glycerol showed that ingestion of caffeine brought about significant (p less than 0.05) increases in plasma levels of both FFA and glycerol compared to values obtained during the placebo treatment. The rate of blood lactic acid accumulation was not significantly different (p greater than 0.05) between the two exercise tests. These data suggest that a small dose of caffeine does not change the rate of blood lactate accumulation nor does it enhance performance during graded cycle ergometer exercise. PMID- 6683155 TI - Relationships between muscle strength and muscle cross-sectional area in male sprinters and endurance runners. PMID- 6683156 TI - Variations of dietary-induced thermogenesis and body fatness with aerobic capacity. AB - Resting metabolic rate (RMR), dietary thermogenesis (DIT), aerobic capacity (VO2 max), and percent body fat were measured in a group of sixteen women and ten men. DIT was significantly positively correlated with aerobic capacity (r = 0.658). Percent body fat was significantly negatively correlated with VO2 max (r = 0.727). RMR was independent of VO2 max, or body fatness, but women had a significantly higher average RMR than men. Three men and three women participated in an endurance training program which significantly increased VO2 max. DIT was increased in proportion to the increase in aerobic capacity (rs - 0.924), RMR was unchanged, and body fat decreased in males but not females. The controversy surrounding "luxuskonsumption" may stem in part from not taking into account individual differences in aerobic capacity when measuring DIT. PMID- 6683157 TI - Oral temperature as an index of core temperature during heat transients. AB - Rectal (Tre), oral (Tor) and oesophageal (Tes) temperatures were measured in five exercising subjects exposed for two hours to five conditions (1) a steady condition (WR) involving a constant work load (50 W) at a constant air temperature (Ta = 36.5 degrees C); (2) air temperature variations (delta Ta) between 28 degrees C and 45 degrees C and (3) between 23 degrees C and 50 degrees C at constant work load (50 W); (4) and (5) to work load variations (delta W) between 25 W and 75 W at a constant Ta (= 36.5 degrees C). Oral temperature recordings were taken sublingually and were either continuous or discontinuous. When discontinuous, the time needed for Tor to stabilize after the mouth opening was taken into account. The respective reliability of Tor and Tre as estimates of Tes were compared in each condition. Results showed that the resting (Tor - Tes) difference (+ 0.12 degrees C) was barely modified after two hours of exposure, whereas Tre overestimated Tes by 0.2 degrees C to 0.4 degrees C depending on the condition. The Tor variations were highly correlated with Tes variations under steady condition and under air temperature variations. In these conditions, Tor represented the best estimate of Tes. Under work-load variations, Tor was less closely related to Tes than was Tre. It is suggested that the relative inertia of Tor to step changes in exercise intensity could be ascribed to work induced variations in mouth blood flow. PMID- 6683158 TI - Some technical, physiological and anthropometrical aspects of speed skating. AB - Five elite speed skaters and fourteen well trained skaters of a lower performance level performed three maximal tests: a 3,000 m race from which the skating position and the stroke frequency were derived, an oxygen consumption test both during skating and during a bicycle ergometer test. From all subjects anthropometric measures were taken. The elite group showed a VO2 during cycling of 64.4 +/- 3.5 ml . kg-1 . min-1 and 59.4 +/- 3.7 ml . kg-1 . min-1 during skating. The elite skaters showed: a shorter upper leg length with respect to total leg length, higher aerobic power during cycling, higher stroke frequency, smaller pre-extension knee angle coupled to higher work per stroke, higher "efficiency" during skating and higher external power during skating and during cycling when compared with the group of lower performance level. It is concluded that an important pre-requisite for speed skating appears to be the possibility to skate at a small pre-extension knee angle without an excessive claim to anaerobic metabolism. PMID- 6683159 TI - A single blood lactate determination as an indicator of cycle ergometer endurance capacity. PMID- 6683160 TI - Effect of isometric and isokinetic muscle training on static strength and dynamic power. AB - This study investigated whether isokinetic strength training might induce changes in static and dynamic power already achieved as a result of isometric strength training. The subjects were twelve males. The isometric strength and dynamic power of elbow flexors were tested by means of an electric dynamometer and fly wheel every two weeks. During the first 8 weeks all subjects trained the elbow flexors isometrically at four different positions of elbow joints. This training produced 27-36% gains in isometric strength and 34-46% in power. Thereafter the subjects were divided into two groups: the FG group who trained isokinetically at a fast velocity of 157 degrees . s-1, and the SG group at slow velocity of 73 degrees . s-1. After 6 weeks of training, the FG group produced a significant gain in power with light equivalent masses and the SG group did so with heavy equivalent masses. Neither group showed change in isometric strength. PMID- 6683161 TI - A study of physical demands in riding. AB - Thirteen experienced riders and three elite riders underwent bicycle ergometer tests at submaximal and maximal workloads. Oxygen uptake, pulmonary ventilation and heart rate were also studied during riding at a walk, a trot and a canter. The mean maximal oxygen uptake of the experienced riders in the ergometer test (2.71 . min-1) was superior to the average maximal oxygen uptake of other groups of the same age and sex. The average oxygen uptake of the experienced riders in trot sitting was 1.701 . min-1, trot rising 1.681 . min-1 and in canter 1.801 . min-1. The experienced riders used at least 60% of their maximal aerobic power in trot and canter, which is an exercise intensity that may induce some training effect. Two elite riders consistently had lower oxygen uptakes in riding than the other riders. The heart rate -- oxygen uptake relationships in riding and in the ergometer tests were similar, except during trot sitting when the heart rate tended to be higher, indicating a larger share of static muscle contraction in this gait. Static muscle strength was measured in nine riders and seven non riders. Six muscle groups were investigated, but no significant difference in muscle strength could be demonstrated between riders and controls. PMID- 6683162 TI - Anaerobic threshold and lactate turnpoint. AB - Venous lactate concentration and ventilatory responses to progressively increased work rates were studied in 16 men who performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. In this test the characteristic curvilinear increase in venous lactate concentrations was observed. In addition to the anaerobic threshold (AT), a second breakpoint was observed and named the lactate turnpoint (LTP). Eight of the 16 subjects performed a second incremental exercise test initiated during lactic acidosis. In this test the direction of change in venous lactate concentrations was different. The work rate at which lactate concentrations again increased, after a steady decline (previously described as the AT2), was similar to the work rate established for the LTP in the first test. In the second test removal of lactate was demonstrated at work rates exceeding the AT. Although the lactate response to the two tests was different the pattern of change was similar, with the two breakpoints occurring at the same work rates. Collectively these results lend a measure of support to the hypothesis of a positive relationship between the AT, LTP, and a pattern of recruitment of motor units with different enzyme profiles. Both the AT and LTP were predictable from the ventilatory response to incremental exercise. PMID- 6683163 TI - Catecholamines and metabolic responses to submaximal exercise in untrained men and women. AB - The influence of exercise on blood borne substrates in relation to plasma catecholamine (CA) levels has been studied in untrained subjects (eight men and eight women). Subjects pedalled a bicycle ergometer for 20 min at a workload approximating to 80% maximal aerobic power. During exercise women reacted similarly to men except that their weight loss and hematocrit were significantly lower. At the end of the bicycling test, plasma dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations increased similarly in both groups. There was no significant difference in blood energy substrates between men and women except that the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) level was significantly higher in the female. When fitness levels were similar, the previously reported sex-related difference in response to exercise seemed to disappear. The lack of correlation between blood borne substrates variations and CA changes raised the question whether other hormonal factors combined with CA could play a role in the mobilization of energy substrates during exercise. PMID- 6683164 TI - Changes in blood ammonia, lactate and amino acids in relation to workload during bicycle ergometer exercise in man. AB - Whole body exercise at intensities up top 50% VO2max has no effect on the concentration of blood ammonia but a threefold rise in blood ammonia is observed at workloads up to maximal. There is a linear relationship between blood ammonia and lactate production during exercise which suggests that the two processes may be linked to a common process of short-term energy provision. Blood glutamine and blood alanine both show rises linearly related to power output during exercise, suggesting that if these amino acids are sinks for ammonia then the process of ammonia incorporation is saturated at high workloads. PMID- 6683166 TI - Heart rate and breathing pattern: interactions and sex differences. AB - Ten subjects (five males, five females) were studied in resting conditions. Ventilation (VT, f, TI, TE), heart rate (HR) and RR interval were recorded or measured. Each subject voluntarily breathed with spontaneous frequency at different ratios of his spontaneous tidal volume (VrT). The results show that sinus arrhythmia increases with lung volume but without effect on mean heart rate. When VT is increased by two times its spontaneous value, the ventilatory drive (VT/TI) is raised in both sexes; the relative duration of inspiration (TI/Ttot) is modified (+20%) in females only. Thus with the cardiac effects of increasing lung volume being similar in both sexes, we conclude that sinus arrhythmia is not generated by sensory inputs from pulmonary structures, but that its origin is at the CNS level. Moreover, there may be a sex difference in the control of voluntary ventilation, a suggestion requiring further investigation. PMID- 6683165 TI - Comparison of serum testosterone and androstenedione responses to weight lifting in men and women. PMID- 6683168 TI - Comparative receptor study in gamete chemotaxis of the seaweeds Ectocarpus siliculosus and Cutleria multifida. An approach to interspecific communication of algal gametes. AB - Gamete fusion in phaeophytes is initiated by olefinic hydrocarbons as messenger substances. They are secreted by the female gametes and act on male gametes or gametangia. The sensitivity thresholds of the androgametes of Ectocarpus siliculosus and Cutleria multifida, two brown algae of different evolutionary stages, for ectocarpene, which is produced by either species, were found to be 0.89 nmol/l and 8.9 nmol/l sea water, respectively. The molecular recognition mechanism is shown to be identical for these two species and probably also for most other phaeophytes. The pheromones involved are structurally related and sometimes resemble each other in their overall pi-electron distribution (e.g. ectocarpene and multifidene). Knowing the specific messenger, the typical response behaviour of each receptor involved, the pheromone productivity of the considered species as well as other biological parameters (phytogeographic distribution, the natural benthic habitat and times of fertilization), a method is presented to uncover possible interspecific cross-reactions of such algal communication systems as a 'chemical warfare' device in their fight for living space. PMID- 6683167 TI - Sex differences in cardiac responses to breath holding during dynamic and isometric exercises. PMID- 6683170 TI - The education of medical students about cancer--time for change. PMID- 6683169 TI - Influence of major surgery on plasminogen activator activity in superficial hand veins. AB - In 108 patients the plasminogen activator (PA) activity in superficial hand veins was measured with a fibrin slide technique before and after a major surgical operation. In the early postoperative period the PA activity was significantly decreased and the PA activity did not return to its preoperative value until the 14th postoperative day. The postoperative decrease was more than 0.5 arbitrary unit in 90 patients, resulting in an abnormally low value in 44. Overweight or an operation time of 180 min or more was found to increase the proportion of patients with a postoperative decrease in the PA activity. No sure relationship was demonstrable in the postoperative PA activity between patients with venous thrombosis and those without. PMID- 6683171 TI - Altered intracellular enzyme activity of monocytes and lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease. AB - To evaluate metabolic functionality of monocytes and lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease (HD) we studied 3 enzymes of the intermediary metabolism, G-6-PDH, PHI, ICDH, and the acid hydrolases, NAG and ACP. These enzymes were measured in purified cell fractions of 9 patients with advanced disease and 11 normal controls. The cells were isolated with cell scatter-monitored counterflow centrifugation. Enzymes were measured in the cell lysates by means of fluorimetric microassays. In the monocytes of HD patients a significantly increased G-6-PDH activity was found (P less than 0.01), indicating an enhanced activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt. The other enzymes showed no clear differences compared to normal controls. The lymphocytes of HD patients showed a significantly augmented activity of both G-6-PDH (P less than 0.001) and PHI (P less than 0.01), pointing to an increased HMPS and glycolytic activity. These findings are in support of an enhanced metabolic activity of both monocytes and lymphocytes in HD. PMID- 6683172 TI - Basic and acidic isoferritins in the serum of patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - Ferritin concentration has been measured in the serum of patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) by radioimmunoassays with monospecific antibodies to liver (basic) and HeLa (acidic) ferritin. Elevated levels of serum ferritin with the liver ferritin assay were found only in patients with systemic disease, and were associated with low serum iron. Basic ferritin levels returned promptly to normal when complete remission was achieved. High levels of serum ferritin with the HeLa ferritin assay were found in 94% of all untreated patients. Acidic ferritin concentration was not related to systemic symptoms or alterations of iron metabolism, and returned to within the normal range only 1-2 yr after complete remission. These findings suggest that basic and acidic isoferritins can be distinguished in terms of biological and clinical significance. Basic ferritin is synthesized by the reticuloendothelial cells and the high values found in patients with systemic symptoms are compatible with the non-specific changes known to occur in the reticuloendothelial system during inflammation. In patients with untreated HD an elevated serum concentration of basic ferritin can be considered a marker of systemic symptoms and, therefore, an unfavourable prognostic factor. Acidic ferritin may be derived from abnormal lymphocytes and/or monocytes, including malignant cells, and its serum concentration may be of value in following the course of remission. PMID- 6683173 TI - Reliability of steroid hormone receptor assays: an international study. AB - The reproducibility of oestrogen and progestin receptor assays performed by laboratories participating in an international breast cancer treatment trial has been assessed. Three tissue reference powders containing low, medium and high oestrogen receptor levels (22 +/- 4, 88 +/- 7, 227 +/- 13 fmol/mg cytosol protein respectively) were prepared in Louisville, KY, U.S.A., assayed repeatedly and multiple samples of each shipped on solid CO2 to the coordination-distribution centre in Berne, Switzerland. Samples were dispatched from Berne to Cantons within Switzerland, to Yugoslavia, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and also back to the United States for oestrogen and progestin receptor assays. Results were returned to Berne, Switzerland. There was a decrease in the levels of oestrogen and progestin receptors during the time of storage and transit. However, the ability to assign a powder to either the low, medium or high level of oestrogen receptor was not affected. Laboratories also determined progestin receptor. All laboratories clearly identified the powder containing the low level of progestin receptor, but there was poor quantitation with the other two assay standards. It is recommended that clinical hormone receptor laboratories, especially those participating in clinical trials, establish regular quality control procedures for both daily evaluation internally and periodic outside monitoring of interlaboratory variation. PMID- 6683174 TI - Presence of progesterone receptors and absence of oestrogen receptors in human intracranial meningioma cytosols. AB - The occurrence of oestrogen and progestin receptors in cytosols from human intracranial meningiomas was studied with a dextran-coated charcoal assay and Scatchard plot analysis. [3H]-Oestradiol and [3H]-promegestone (17 alpha, 21 dimethyl-19-norpregna-4,9-diene-3,20-dione, R-5020) were used as tracers. Using this method, no high-affinity binding sites for oestradiol were observed, whereas progestin binding was identified in 18 out of 20 meningioma cytosols. The number of progestin binding sites was identical in meningioma cytosols obtained from female patients (192 +/- 57 fmol/mg protein, mean +/- S.E.M., n = 12) and those obtained from male patients (230 +/- 57 fmol/mg protein, n = 6), as was the dissociation constant of the complex (1.5 +/- 0.3 vs 1.4 +/- 0.3 nmol/l respectively). Only progestins (progesterone, R-5020 and megestrol acetate) competed successfully with tritiated R-5020. Oestrogens, androgens and cortisol showed no appreciable cross-reaction. It was concluded that the cytosols from human intracranial meningiomas contain progesterone receptors in the absence of oestrogen receptors. The presence of these progesterone receptors may indicate that (anti)-progestational treatment could be of potential value in cases which cannot be treated by surgery alone. PMID- 6683175 TI - Assessment of antimetabolite cytotoxicity: a comparison of clonogenic assays and tritiated deoxyuridine incorporation. AB - A comparison has been made between the cloning capacity and changes in tritiated deoxyuridine (6-[3H]-UdR) incorporation of L1210 (murine leukaemia) and PMC-22 (human melanoma) cells treated with methotrexate (MTX), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C). The labelling-cloning relationship was poor, with brief drug exposure times, but improved progressively after drug treatment of 1 cell-cycle time's duration. Labelling changes resulting from short-term exposure to drug (several hours) provided poor predictions of the cytotoxicity resulting from longer drug exposure. PMID- 6683176 TI - Cytoplasmic steroid effects on nuclear RNA polymerase activity in canine mammary carcinomas. AB - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity has been studied in isolated nuclei from canine mammary tumours. Initial experiments showed high levels of RNase activity in this tissue; accordingly, routine assays were terminated before loss of acid precipitable radioactivity was evident. RNA polymerase A and B activity in isolated nuclei were shown to be increased by addition of receptor-containing cytosol previously incubated with oestradiol-17 beta, dihydrotestosterone or R5020. Where no receptor was present, as measured by saturation binding assays and sucrose density gradient analysis, there was no corresponding increase in polymerase activity. The steroid antagonists tamoxifen and cyproterone did not elicit any response even when their corresponding steroids produced a 1- to 2 fold stimulation of polymerase activity. Steroid-induced effects proved to be dose-dependent, with half maximal responses for oestradiol-17 beta 8 X 10(-8)M, R5020 2 X 10(-6)M and dihydrotestosterone 9 X 10(-6)M. PMID- 6683177 TI - Response of neoplastic and normal vasculature to acetylcholine. AB - Intravascular acetylcholine causes vasodilation and an increase in normal tissue blood flow and could reasonably be expected to increase blood flow in malignant neoplasms. In this study using the microsphere reference sample technique, however, blood flow of V2 carcinoma, implanted in several organ sites in rabbits, was found to decrease after both an intra-arterial bolus and infusion of acetylcholine chloride. Cardiac output was not significantly changed. These observations may explain the recent report by Marincek et al. of a decrease in CT X-ray absorption in renal neoplasms after acetylcholine and previous reports of the lack of utility of vasodilators in improving the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms after arteriography. PMID- 6683178 TI - Antitumor activity in mice of 4'-deoxydoxorubicin in comparison with doxorubicin. AB - 4'-Deoxydoxorubicin has been compared with doxorubicin as regards potency, antitumor activity and toxicity in tumored and non-tumored mice treated i.v. according to different schedules. 4'-Deoxydoxorubicin was 1.5-3 times more toxic and more potent than doxorubicin. At equitoxic doses, 4'-deoxydoxorubicin was: as active as doxorubicin against Gross leukemia, mammary carcinoma and MS-2 sarcoma; slightly less active than doxorubicin against B16 melanoma; more active than doxorubicin against colon 38 adenocarcinoma. The best schedule of administration of 4'-deoxydoxorubicin in mice was the weekly treatment. The strong effectiveness against colon 38 adenocarcinoma makes 4'-deoxydoxorubicin a particularly interesting new anthracycline derivative that deserves clinical trials. PMID- 6683179 TI - Subcellular distribution of adriamycin in the liver and tumor of 3LL-bearing mice. AB - The apparent subcellular distribution of adriamycin (ADM) was investigated in the liver and primary or metastatic tumor tissue of C57BL/6 mice bearing i.m. 3LL. ADM was measured by a fluorimetric assay in the various cell components, nuclei (N), mitochondria (MT), microsomes (M) and soluble fraction of cytoplasm (SF), either in vitro at various times of incubation or in vivo after drug injection. In both experimental conditions more than 50% of ADM accumulated in nuclei, whereas only a proportionally low amount of drug has recovered in the other fractions. However, a progressive increase in the percentage of drug stored in M and particularly in MT was noted in vivo in both liver and tumor, reaching in MT 3 times the starting amount on a percentage basis 24 hr after drug treatment. The elimination half-life of ADM was consistently longer in MT and M than in nuclei and total liver, suggesting that M and particularly MT have a higher capacity than nuclei to retain the drug. Work is in progress to evaluate whether this higher ADM accumulation at these subcellular sites is related to higher specific affinity or more persistent binding, like covalent binding to macromolecules, possibly accounting for the mitochondrial injury usually observed after treatment with ADM. PMID- 6683180 TI - Radiation and heat sensitivity of cells from human melanoma xenografts. Lack of correlations with tumour growth parameters. AB - Five human malignant melanomas grown in athymic nude mice were studied. Tumour volume-doubling times were determined from Gompertzian growth curves, vascular volumes from stereological analysis of 2-microns thick tumour sections and DNA histograms by flow cytometric analysis. Single-cell suspensions prepared from the tumours were exposed to radiation or heat (42.5 degrees C; pH 7.4) under aerobic conditions in vitro and the colony-forming ability of the cells was assayed in soft agar. Tumours with short volume-doubling times tended to show higher fractions of cells in S-phase and higher vascular volumes than those with long volume-doubling times. The radiation and the heat sensitivity of the melanoma cells, i.e. the D0-values, were probably not positively correlated with the tumour volume-doubling time, the fraction of cells in S-phase or the vascular volume, or with each other either. The variation in radiation and heat sensitivity among cells from the different melanomas appears not to be due to external factors, but reflects, rather, intrinsic cellular differences. PMID- 6683182 TI - Clinical phase I trial of marcellomycin with a single-dose schedule. AB - Marcellomycin is a new anthracycline that was proposed for clinical trials on the basis of experimental data suggesting reduced potential for hematologic and cardiac toxicity as compared to conventional anthracyclines. This phase I trial was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose of marcellomycin at a single dose schedule. The drug was given as a 15-to 30-min i.v. injection. Eighteen patients with a variety of solid tumors received a median of 2 courses (range: 1 5) at doses of 5-60 mg/m2. Myelosuppression was dose-limiting and somewhat unpredictable. It was characterized by early thrombocytopenia and late leukopenia. It occurred at doses greater than or equal to 40 mg/m2 and resulted in a few cases of infection and hemorrhage. Nausea, vomiting and stomatitis were frequent and occasionally severe. Other common non-hematological toxic effects consisted of local phlebitis and fatigue. Electrocardiographic changes were also encountered. Hair loss was rare and negligible. No antitumor activity could be detected. It appears that phase II trials should be preferably restricted to ambulatory patients and that a dose schedule of 50 mg/m2 repeated every 3 weeks may be proposed for this favorable patient population. PMID- 6683181 TI - A dose-surviving fraction curve for mouse colonic mucosa. AB - A dose-surviving fraction curve representing the response of the mouse colonic mucosa to single doses of 137Cs gamma radiation was obtained from the results of a multifraction in vivo colony assay. Construction of the curve required an estimate of the average number of clonogens initially present per colonic crypt. The estimated clonogen count (88) was determined by a statistical method based on the use of doses per fraction common to different fractionation protocols. Parameters for the LQ and TC models of cell survival were obtained by weighted least-squares fits to the data. A comparison of the survival characteristics of cells from the mouse colonic and jejunal crypts suggested that the epithelium of the colon is less radiosensitive than that of the jejunum. PMID- 6683183 TI - A phase I trial of marcellomycin with a weekly dose schedule. AB - Marcellomycin, a new anthracycline antibiotic, was administered intravenously on a weekly schedule to 22 patients with advanced malignant solid tumors. Patients were treated at 6 dosage levels ranging from 5 to 30 mg/m2 weekly for 4 weeks. Courses were repeated after a 3-week rest period. Hematologic toxicity was dose limiting but unpredictable. Of 10 patients treated with weekly doses of 27.5 mg/m2, 3 patients exhibited myelosuppression and 2 died in agranulocytosis. Moderate to severe nausea and vomiting occurred in 19 of 22 evaluable patients. Other toxic effects were non-acute and consisted of mild stomatitis, diarrhea, phlebitis and moderate fatigue in 1-3 patients each. In 17 patients evaluable for antitumor activity no partial or complete responses occurred. One patient with advanced breast cancer showed a mixed response. Marcellomycin given on a weekly dose schedule has unpredictable and erratic hematologic toxicity. The maximally tolerated dose appears to be between 27.5 and 30 mg/m2 weekly. However, no firm recommendations can be given for a dose level that results in tolerable, predictable and reversible toxicity. PMID- 6683184 TI - Moderate-dose cyclophosphamide for disseminated ovarian carcinoma: a phase II study. AB - Fifty-six evaluable patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma (FIGO III or IV), without prior cytotoxic chemotherapy, were studied to assess the activity of single-agent moderate-dose cyclophosphamide, 40 mg/kg to a maximum dose of 3000 mg, given intravenously as a bolus injection every 3 weeks. All patients were treated as outpatients. Moderate-dose cyclophosphamide resulted in 36 (64%) objective responses (19 CR, 17 PR). Nausea and severe vomiting occurred in all patients, but no patient needed hospitalization for this complication. Other side effects observed were alopecia (100%), leukocytes less than or equal to 2500/microliters (18%), chemical cystitis (11%) and sepsis (4%). The median duration of response was 11 months, and the estimated median survival by the life table method for responders was 16 months and for non-responders 4 months (P less than 0.001). Clinical trials previously performed by our group comparing cyclophosphamide alone, either vs cis-platinum, adriamycin and hexamethylmelamine or vs Hexa-CAF, showed a better remission rate with the use of moderate-dose cyclophosphamide alone. Therefore we suggest further investigation of this agent in a moderate dose in disseminated ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 6683185 TI - Effects of benzaldehyde on survival and cell-cycle kinetics of human cells cultivated in vitro. AB - Synchronized cells of the human line NHIK 3025 were used to study inactivating and cell-cycle inhibitory effects induced by benzaldehyde. Inactivation was measured as loss of colony-forming ability after treatment of exponentially growing or synchronized cells. Cell-cycle inhibition was measured by flow cytometric recordings of DNA-histograms and microscopic recordings of cell division in synchronized cells. Treatment with benzaldehyde for 4 or 24 hr showed that a marked decrease in survival took place for concentrations above 6.4 mM. Cell-cycle inhibition was observed at concentrations as low as 0.8 mM. Synchronized cells were treated with 3.2 and 6.4 mM benzaldehyde for 8 hr starting at various stages of the cell-cycle. Both the colony-forming ability and the rate of cell-cycle traverse was measured. No difference in sensitivity was found whether the treatment was given in G1, S or in G2. Thus the results show that there is no specific part of interphase where the cells are particularly sensitive with respect to either the inactivating or the cell-cycle inhibitory effects of benzaldehyde in concentrations up to 6.4 mM. When benzaldehyde was present during mitosis both the inactivating and the cell-cycle inhibitory effects were markedly enhanced as compared to the corresponding effects during interphase. It is concluded that benzaldehyde must affect some process within the cell which represents a general requirement for cell-cycle progression. In addition, there are effects on processes that take place only during the last few minutes before and/or during mitosis. PMID- 6683186 TI - Interactions between neoplastic cells with different metastasizing capacity and platelet function. AB - We have examined the effects on platelet function of two sublines (M4 and M9) derived from spontaneous lung nodules of a benzopyrene-induced murine fibrosarcoma (m FS6). The subline M4 was more metastatic and the subline M9 less metastatic than the primary tumour. Only the more malignant cells were able to induce irreversible aggregation of human platelets; this effect was concentration dependent and was associated with the release of serotonin by platelets. Both aggregation and release were inhibited by preincubation of platelets with ASA, not by preincubation of the cells. The supernatants of cell suspensions had no aggregating activity. However, the neoplastic cells in culture media released an activity directly stimulating platelet aggregation and potentiating the platelet response to ADP; again, this activity was higher for the more malignant cells and the effects were inhibited by preincubation of platelets with ASA. These results suggest a role for platelets in the development of tumour metastases. PMID- 6683187 TI - Effect of misonidazole on the radiosensitivity and repair of potentially lethal damage of L5178Y ascites tumor cells. AB - The radiosensitizing effect of low concentrations of misonidazole was investigated by using L5178Y cells growing as an ascites tumor in DBA-2 mice. The cells were irradiated in vivo with graded doses of X-rays in the presence or absence of 0.1-0.5 mg/g body weight of misonidazole. Then cell survival was assayed in vitro by plating cells in soft agar medium. By analyzing the X-ray survival curves with or without misonidazole, the dose-modifying effects were determined. The results indicated that the slope and shoulder of the survival curves were greatly modified by the treatment with misonidazole. The dose modifying factor in terms of the D0 ratio between the drug-treated and untreated control cells was increased as the drug concentration was increased. Further, it was revealed that the isoeffect dose ratios, estimated by the linear quadratic equation of Chadwick and Leenhouts, were higher at a low-radiation dose range. This is due to the suppression of the shoulder region of survival curves for the drug-treated cells. The inhibition of the X-ray-induced repair of potentially lethal damage was apparent with 0.1 mg/g body weight of misonidazole. The inhibition became more effective as the drug concentration increased. PMID- 6683188 TI - Stage of pregnancy-dependent transplacental passage of 195mPt after cis-platinum treatment. AB - The placental transfer of the clinically important cytostatic drug cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-platinum, DDP) was investigated by application of 195mPt-labelled DDP to pregnant NMRI mice on day 10, 11, 12, . . ., or 17 of gestation and by measurement of the radioactivity in the embryos or fetuses in intervals between 0.5 and 48 hr after application. Whereas on days 10, 11 and 12 after treatment only very small amounts of radioactivity could be detected in the embryos, from day 13 considerable and increasing amounts of radioactivity could be found; finally, within the fetal compartment on day 17 even an effect of enrichment of DDP over a uniform distribution between mother and embryos was observable. It is supposed that the ability of DDP to pass the placental barrier only after accomplished maturation of the placenta is due to active carrier mediated transport processes. PMID- 6683189 TI - Detection and characterization of natural killer cells in Syrian golden hamsters. AB - Natural killer (NK) cell activity was observed in the peripheral blood and spleen of 8- to 10-week-old Syrian golden hamsters, but not in the bone marrow or thymus. Low, but significant, levels of cytotoxicity were also observed in mesenteric and axillary lymph nodes and cells harvested from the peritoneum. Cytotoxicity, in a 4-hr 51Cr-release assay, was found to be nylon wool non adherent and was significantly reduced by treatment with trypsin or incubation at 37 degrees C for 18 hr. Natural cytotoxicity was shown to be low at 1 week of age, but increased to a maximum at 8 weeks and was maintained into old age. Correlation was observed between peripheral blood cytotoxicity and the presence of large, often granular, lymphocytes following fractionation of effector cells by Percoll discontinuous gradient separation. These findings are compared with previous studies in hamsters, where the results of longer-term cytotoxicity tests differ in some respects to those of the present study. PMID- 6683190 TI - Correlations between cell-cycle perturbations and survival levels after exposure to adriamycin for two Chinese hamster cell lines. AB - The cell-cycle perturbation and cell inactivation after adriamycin (ADR) exposure were measured in two Chinese hamster cell lines differing in ADR sensitivity. Based on DNA distribution analysis, it was found that the rate of G1 fraction depletion following low-dose ADR treatment was related to the level of cell inactivation. The results indicate that gross cellular sensitivity to ADR can be predicted rapidly by this approach. PMID- 6683191 TI - Appearance of altered cell-surface fucosyl glycopeptides in concomitance with chromosomal alterations in the gross virus-infected pre-leukemic thymus of the rat. AB - The appearance of a class of fast-eluting cell-surface glycopeptides that are encountered almost exclusively in malignant and certain pre-malignant cells was monitored in the course of leukemogenesis in the thymus of rats injected at birth with Gross leukemia virus. The altered glycopeptides appeared as early as 15 days after virus injection, when the animals were still clinically healthy and no histological signs of the disease were present in the thymus. Their amount was further increased at 30 days, and reached a maximum in the fully developed lymphoma. The development of this early phenotypic marker of malignancy appeared to be concomitant with that of chromosomal anomalies in the thymus. Since these anomalies are non-random, the existence of a causal relationship between the glycopeptide change and the loss of specific chromosomes might be hypothesized. PMID- 6683192 TI - Influence of parenteral prostaglandin E1 on lung mechanics in normal man. AB - The effects of an infusion of prostaglandin E1 0.02 microgram/kg/min on lung mechanisms were studied in 10 healthy subjects. No change occurred in total lung volume and its subdivisions, airway resistance or maximal expiratory flow-volume curves. During the infusion, a slight but significant shift to the left of the static pressure-volume curve of the lung was observed, without any significant change in the upstream resistance (RUS), calculated at 70, 60 and 50% of total lung capacity. The loss of elastic recoil pressure without any variation in airway resistance or RUS, suggests that intravenous PGE1 selectively relaxes the contractile elements of the lung parenchyma, perhaps more by its action on the vascular wall than on the tone of the peripheral bronchiolar smooth muscle. PMID- 6683193 TI - Physical dependence-producing properties of tetrapeptide acylhydrazide analogs of enkephalin in rats. PMID- 6683194 TI - De novo X-chromosome inactivation in somatic hybrid cells between the XO mouse embryonal carcinoma cell and XY rat lymphocyte. AB - Polyethylene glycol-mediated cell fusion between the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) deficient XO mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line, PSA-6TG1, and thymus or spleen lymphocytes from the normal male WKA/Hok rat gave rise to 35 somatic hybrid cultures. Hybrid cells being products of either a 1 : 1 or a 2 : 1 fusion invariably had morphological characteristics of endodermal cells from early embryos. BrdU-acridine orange (AO) fluorescence microscopy revealed do novo appearance of a late or early replicating, presumably genetically inactivated, mouse X chromosome in a substantial proportion of virtually tetraploid (XXY) or hexaploid (XXXY) hybrid cells. PMID- 6683195 TI - Protective effects of selenium against methylmercury neurotoxicity: a morphological and biochemical study. AB - The protective effect of selenium (as sodium selenite) against methylmercury neurotoxicity was investigated morphologically and biochemically. Young adult Charles River rats were divided into 4 groups and were treated (i. p. injection) with methylmercury chloride (2 mg MeHg/kg b.w.), sodium selenite (2 mg Se/kg b.w.), both MeHg and Se, or with saline solution for 8 weeks. Four animals from each group were randomly selected for pathological investigation. These animals were sacrificed by intracardiac perfusion. The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were dissected out for both light and electron microscopic examination. Six animals from each group were injected with 14 C-leucine 3 hours prior to sacrifice. The brains (cerebrum and cerebellum) of these animals were removed, weighed, homogenized and subjected to liquid scintillation analysis. Morphological investigation revealed extensive degenerations of the dorsal root fibers and destructions of neuronal Nissl substances in animals treated with MeHg alone. In MeHg/Se-treated animals, no neuronal change was observed and the nerve fiber damage was also significantly reduced. Proliferative thickenings of the myelin membrane, however, were observed in some dorsal root fibers. These proliferative membrane thickenings tend to protrude into the axonal compartment of the nerve fibers causing compression and shrinkage of the axons. It is believed that this proliferative, membraneous whirling phenomenon may represent a simultaneous destruction/repair condition of the myelin sheaths. Biochemical investigation also demonstrated a significant suppression of amino acid uptake (protein synthesis) in the CNS under the toxic influence of MeHg. However, such suppression effect was largely blocked or alleviated by selenium. Therefore, we have provided both morphological and biochemical evidences on the protective effect of selenium on methylmercury neurotoxicity. PMID- 6683196 TI - Lysosomal hydrolases of dog kidney in superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock. AB - In 6 dogs with superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock and in 6 healthy animals the total and free activity of lysosomal hydrolases (acid phosphatase, betaglucuronidase and cathepsins) in the whole homogenate, the lysosomal enriched subfraction and the supernatant of kidneys were estimated. Statistically significant differences between the two groups were not observed. These results indicate that in SMAO shock, the stability of kidney lysosomes is well preserved during observed period. PMID- 6683197 TI - Renal malate dehydrogenase-activities during experimental and chronic human pyelonephritis (P.N.). PMID- 6683198 TI - Surface topography of granulosa cells accompanied by fragmented oocytes. AB - Scanning electron microscopy of granulosa cells (GC) and granulosa cell-like structures (GCLS) revealed that both had lacy foldings, or plicae, on the surface and were identical. The plicae did not always cover the entire surface of GC or GCLS. Both structures were interconnected by multivalent processes. PMID- 6683199 TI - Sleep-wakefulness: inverse deviation from randomness of neuronal firing patterns in the feline thalamus. A new form of homeostasis? AB - During stereotypic goal-directed behavior, neurons in the feline nucleus reticularis thalami emitted specific temporal patterns, while other patterns occurred much less often than predicted by the random model. During subsequent slow wave sleep, the mean firing rate increased, but the patterns that were emitted during behavior were eliminated or suppressed far below chance level, while those that were previously suppressed became dominant. PMID- 6683201 TI - A paracentric chromosomal inversion associated with repeated early pregnancy wastage. PMID- 6683200 TI - [Effect of aminazine and seduxen on the intracentral relations of the formations of the hypothalamus-amygdaloid complex of the brain in experimental neurosis]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on rabbits with electrodes implanted into the brain that at the initial period of experimental neurosis formation chlorpromazine and diazepam produce a depressant action on the reduction of intracentral relations between the structures under study. Chlorpromazine favours the formation of additional positive relations whereas diazepam activates the formations of negative relations. At the final stages of experimental neurosis the drug effects become less appreciable. PMID- 6683202 TI - Abnormal growth of ovarian antral follicles in breast cancer patients. AB - Ovarian antral follicles from patients with breast cancer were compared with follicles from healthy women. Steroid levels in the follicular fluid and the health status of the follicles were evaluated. Follicles were judged to be healthy or atretic by flow cytometric determinations of the deoxyribonucleic acid content of aspirated granulosa cell nuclei. Fifteen of the 25 follicles (60%) from the cancer patients contained unmeasurable or abnormally low steriod levels (i.e., less than 100 ng/ml) which were significantly (P less than 0.001) lower than in follicles of the same health status from healthy women (500 to 1000 ng/ml). It is speculated whether substances other than the usual follicular steriods are produced by the cancer patients, which stimulate mitotic activity of the granulosa cells. PMID- 6683203 TI - Complement-mediated effects of sperm head-directed human antibodies on the ability of human spermatozoa to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs. AB - The ability of immunoglobulins of IgA, IgG, and IgM classes to mediate complement dependent membrane damage varies. Sera containing antisperm antibodies of differing immunoglobulin classes were studied, in association with complement, for their ability to alter human sperm penetration of zona-free hamster eggs. Sera that contained immunoglobulins of IgG, IgA, or IgM classes directed primarily against the sperm head (as determined by immunobead binding) were selected from men and women judged to be at risk for immune causes of infertility. Spermatozoa were incubated in these sera in the presence and absence of complement. Following an additional incubation in a modified Biggers, Whitten and Whittingham medium, zona-free hamster eggs were inseminated with these spermatozoa. Antibodies known to fix complement (IgG and IgM) diminished the percentage of eggs penetrated and the number of penetrating sperm per egg without impairing the ability of sperm to contact the egg surface, as judged by comparable numbers of spermatozoa adherent to the oolemma. IgA, which cannot fix the first component of complement, did not alter the ability of sperm to penetrate eggs. PMID- 6683204 TI - Citrate accumulation by a Golgi apparatus-rich fraction from lactating bovine mammary gland. AB - 1. Golgi apparatus-rich fractions from lactating bovine mammary gland rapidly accumulated citrate from incubation medium. Characteristics of this process suggested that a citrate transport system may be present in Golgi apparatus membranes. 2. Endoplasmic reticulum fractions accumulated citrate at nearly the same rate as Golgi apparatus; secretory vesicle fractions displayed lower ability to accumulate citrate. Intact epithelial cells (acini) from lactating mammary gland did not accumulate citrate. 3. Citrate accumulation by Golgi apparatus was pH and temperature sensitive but was not altered by metabolic inhibitors. 4. These observations suggest a role for Golgi apparatus in packaging intracellular citrate for secretion into milk. PMID- 6683205 TI - Forskolin as a probe of adenylate cyclase of adipocytes. AB - New information regarding the relationship between the agonist receptor and the regulatory and catalytic components of adenylate cyclase has been obtained by applying forskolin in combination with several different activators of adenylate cyclase. Adipocyte adenylate cyclase cannot be fully activated by forskolin; maximal stimulation by forskolin can be further enhanced by Gpp(NH)p. The effect of Gpp(NH)p on membrane enzyme differs between rat and rabbit and between enzymes of membrane-bound and solubilized preparations of rat adipocytes. Conditions that produce maximal activation of the membrane adenylate cyclase have been found. Gpp(NH)p and NaF are both activators of adenylate cyclase but mutually oppose each other. These findings indicate multiple activatable forms of catalytic components and multiple activatable forms of regulatory components of adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6683206 TI - Regulation of histone synthesis during early Urechis caupo (echiura) development. AB - The histones present in mature oocytes and embryos of Urechis caupo and their pattern of synthesis during early development have been characterized. Acid soluble proteins extracted from mature oocyte germinal vesicles and from embryonic nuclei were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Histones are accumulated in the mature oocytes in amounts sufficient to provide for the assembly of chromatin through the 32- to 64-cell stage of embryogenesis. Two H1 histones, which appear to be variants, were found. Germinal vesicles and cleavage-stage nuclei are enriched in H1M (maternal). During late cleavage a faster-migrating H1, H1E (embryonic), appears among the nuclear histones and, as embryogenesis continues, replaces H1M as the predominant H1. No new core histone variants are detected during early development. Examination of [3H]lysine-labeled histones from germinal vesicles and embryonic nuclei reveals stage-specific patterns of histone synthesis. H1M is the major H1 species synthesized in mature oocytes. After fertilization, a switch to the predominant synthesis of H1E occurs. Comparison of the [3H]lysine incorporated into H1E and core histones indicates that H1E synthesis is disproportionately high from midcleavage through the midblastula stage. By the gastrula stage, a balanced synthesis of H1E and each core histone is established. The results indicate that there is noncoordinate regulation of H1 and core histone synthesis during Urechis development. PMID- 6683207 TI - Transplantable choriocarcinoma of rats induced by fetectomy and its biological activities. AB - Eight cases of choriocarcinoma were induced in WKA female rats by simple fetectomy without viral inoculation or administration of chemical carcinogens. Among them, one line has been successfully subcutaneously transplanted over 10 generations in syngeneic rats and this line was designated as RCHO. The histological appearance of RCHO consisted of trophoblastic giant cells and small basophilic tumor cells, which resembled normal rat placenta. RCHO possessed marked mammotropic and lactogenic activities in female recipients and induced atrophy of the testes in male recipients. PMID- 6683208 TI - Effects of cytochalasin D and colchicine on the uptake, translocation, and biliary secretion of horseradish peroxidase and [14C]sodium taurocholate in the rat. AB - The roles of microfilaments and microtubules in the hepatocellular uptake, translocation, and biliary excretion of horseradish peroxidase and [14C]sodium taurocholate were investigated using the microfilament inhibitor cytochalasin D and the microtubule inhibitor colchicine. In separate studies, horseradish peroxidase and [14C]taurocholate were injected separately as a bolus into rat portal veins after treatment with cytochalasin D or colchicine, and bile was collected and analyzed for the presence of horseradish peroxidase and [14C]taurocholate. Cytochalasin D treatment depressed bile flow by approximately 50% and decreased the biliary secretion of [14C]taurocholate in direct proportion to bile flow. Horseradish peroxidase secretion into bile was unaffected, and total biliary protein secretion was decreased only slightly. Because of the depression of bile secretion, concentrations in bile of horseradish peroxidase and total biliary protein increased significantly. Consistent with reported observations of cytochalasin D, decreases in microfilaments and dilated bile canaliculi were observed by electron microscopy; however, the vesicular transport of horseradish peroxidase as observed using electron microscopy cytochemistry appeared to be normal and unaffected by cytochalasin D treatment. Colchicine, in contrast, had minimal effect on bile flow and did not diminish the biliary secretion of [14C]taurocholate. Colchicine inhibited both the total amount of horseradish peroxidase secreted into bile as well as the rate of its secretion in comparison with control and cytochalasin D-treated animals. Cellular morphology was consistent with published observations for colchicine, which included a marked decrease in microtubules. In addition, after electron microscopy cytochemistry there was a paucity of horseradish peroxidase-containing vesicles within the hepatocytes, suggesting that colchicine interfered with the vesicular transport of horseradish peroxidase. Collectively, the data suggest that (a) the mechanism used by hepatocytes for the secretion of bile acids is independent of the vesicular transport of biliary proteins and is dependent upon intact microfilaments and (b) such vesicular transport of protein into bile requires an intact and functioning microtubular network. PMID- 6683209 TI - [Experiments with Bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts. I. Isolation of protoplasts and their reversion to bacillary form]. AB - A method for protoplastization of crystal- and spore-forming Bacillus thuringiensis bacterian and consequent cell wall regeneration on a solid hypertonic medium is presented. Up to 50% of the protoplasts prepared were viable and formed colonies under special conditions; at the same time, less than 0,01% of the cells treated with lysozyme were resistant to the osmotic shock; bacterial autolytic system takes part in protoplasts formation. Electron microscopic studies of protoplasts and cells confirm the fact of cell wall removal and support the proposed mechanism of protoplast formation. PMID- 6683210 TI - [Verification of monogenic hypotheses in a hybridological analysis of quantitative traits]. AB - A method for evaluation of genetic parameters and for verification of the hypothesis of monogenic inheritance of a quantitative character in the process of its hybridological analysis is considered. For certain characters (tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the brain stem and hemispheres in males of two strains of mice, as well as in the F1 and F2 hybrids of these strains), the efficiency of the minimum chi-square method for the evaluation of parameters of the model is demonstrated. PMID- 6683211 TI - [Spontaneous mutation rate in clones of Chinese hamster cells differing in UV sensitivity]. AB - The paper deals with a study of the rate of spontaneous mutations to 6 mercaptopurine resistance in cells of CHR2, CHS2 clones differing in sensitivity to the lethal and mutagenic effects of UV irradiation. An enhanced UV-sensitivity of CHS2 clone was shown earlier to be the result of a disturbance in postreplication DNA repair. Estimation of spontaneous mutation rate in the HPRT locus demonstrated that it is similar for both clones (1.5 to 1.8 X 10(-5) per cell, per generation). The defect of postreplication DNA repair in Chinese hamster cells was found to be unrelated to the increase in spontaneous mutability. The possible role of the repair process in the mechanism of initiation of spontaneous and induced mutations in Chinese hamster cells with the enhanced UV-sensitivity is discussed. PMID- 6683212 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the frequency and inheritance of the fused gene in mice]. AB - The influence of hydrocortisone injections given to males on the penetrance and inheritance of fused gene in mice was studied. The existence of a period sensitive to hydrocortisone action was found. The treatment of males during this interval led to a significant decrease in the proportion of offsprings with fused phenotype. Genetic analysis by means of the closely linked recessive tufted marker permitted to show that the lack of phenotypically fused mice is not due to differential mortality of gametes, zygotes or embryos. The most probable reason for this lack is the decrease in penetrance and partially inherited inactivation of fused gene. Possible mechanisms of the phenomenon found are discussed. PMID- 6683213 TI - [Algorithm for calculating the probabilities of the identity of genes by descent in arbitrary pedigrees]. AB - For an arbitrary locus (autosomal or X-linked), comprehensive enumeration of different variants of genes' identity by descent for two individuals is given. The algorithm for computation of probability of every variant is described for any two individuals in arbitrary pedigree. On the basis of the algorithm proposed, the problem of computation of Malecot's "coefficient de parente" and inbreeding coefficient is solved under sex-linked transmission. It has been also shown that the approach described is the most common method for solution of a problem of partitioning of covariances among relatives on genotypic components of the variance. PMID- 6683214 TI - Sibling birthweights and maternal age in SIDS cases. AB - Because of the association between SIDS and low birthweight, the means of the observed and expected birthweights of 129 siblings (66 were untraceable) were calculated. A statistically significant deficit of approximately 100 grams was found in the average observed birthweight. After allowing for length of gestation, a deficit of similar magnitude remained. As mother's age at parturition increased, the size of deficit increased. Differences between observed and expected mean birthweights of SIDS cases were in all instances larger than those observed in their siblings and tended to increase as mother's age increased. PMID- 6683215 TI - Studies on the distribution of abnormal cells in cytologic preparations. VI. Pressure exerted by the gynecologist during smearing. AB - A model system consisting of exfoliated abnormal cells and acellular viscous, mucus-like material was used to investigate the effect of the pressure exerted during smearing on the number of abnormal cells present in the preparations. Smears were made with a cotton swab applicator from left to right with parallel strokes, without overlapping smearing and without rotating the instrument of cell collection. Light and heavy pressures done during smearing procedure were recorded by the aid of an automatic scale. By means of the smearing technique, a gradual decrease in the total number of cells was recorded along the pathway of smearing. By using heavy pressure, however, cell accumulation also occurred at the end of the pathway of the last smearing strokes. Smears made with heavy pressure contained 13% more tumor cells than those made with light pressure. It is concluded that the pressure exerted by the operator during smearing may be an important parameter influencing both the number and the distribution of abnormal cells on smear preparations. These considerations may be of significance in screening programs for tumor cell detection. PMID- 6683216 TI - Enhancement of the cell-mediated lysis of fresh human leukemia cells by cytostatic drugs. PMID- 6683217 TI - [Motility effects of morphine in morphine-tolerant mice by the DAF method]. AB - Effects of repeated administration of morphine on ambulatory activity were studied in mice treated with morphine-admixed food. The ambulatory activity was determined by the tilting cage method. Morphine injection (10 mg/kg s.c.) was repeated at 3-4 day intervals. The ambulatory activity was enhanced progressively when morphine was repeatedly given to mice. However, the enhancing effect was not observed in mice treated with morphine-admixed food (1 mg/g food). These results suggested that the reverse tolerance to morphine did not develop under the condition of exposure to morphine by DAF (drug-admixed food) method. In case of treatment with morphine-admixed food of increasing concentration (1,2 and 3 mg/g food), the ambulatory activity of morphine was decreased. According to the studies done so far, tolerance development to the stimulant effects was not observed. This study demonstrates that the tolerance develops to the stimulant effects of morphine on the schedule of treatment with morphine of increasing doses by the DAF method. PMID- 6683218 TI - Females without infants: mating strategies in two species of captive macaques. AB - Bonnet (Macaca radiata) and rhesus (Macaca mulatta) macaque females were observed during the breeding season to evaluate differences in mating strategies between females without infants and females with dependent offspring. Rhesus nonmothers participated in consortships earlier in the breeding season and initiated and received more approaches with adult males than rhesus mothers did. Bonnet nonmothers entered estrus earlier, began copulating earlier, and approached and presented to adult males more often than bonnet mothers did. Interacting with males frequently and early in in the breeding season may improve nonmothers' chances of conceiving and bringing offspring to term, with little competition from mother peers. PMID- 6683219 TI - Carcinogenicity study of ammonia-process caramel in F344 rats. AB - The carcinogenicity of ammonia-process caramel, a food colouring, was examined in F344 rats. Caramel was dissolved in distilled water at levels of 0, 1 and 4% and groups of 50 male and 50 female rats were given 20-25 ml of one of these solutions/rat/day as their drinking water for 2 yr. There were no significant differences between the total incidences of tumours or mean survival times of control and experimental groups. A variety of tumours developed in all groups including the control group, and no dose-related effects were found either in the incidence or induction time of tumours in the various organs and tissues except in the pituitary gland of males, in which the incidence of tumours in males given 4% caramel solution was significantly higher than that in controls. Pituitary tumours are among the most common spontaneous tumours in ageing rats of this strain and have a variable incidence. In addition, almost all pituitary tumours detected in males given the 4% solution were microscopic tumours, and there was no significant difference between controls and treated groups in the incidence of hyperplasia or pre-neoplastic lesions in the pituitary gland. These results indicate that the significantly higher incidence of pituitary tumours in males given the 4% caramel solution was not related to caramel administration, but could be explained by the variability of the incidence of spontaneous pituitary tumours. Thus it is concluded that under these experimental conditions ammonia process caramel was not carcinogenic in F344 rats. PMID- 6683220 TI - Encephalopathy in rats and nephropathy in rats and mice after subchronic oral exposure to benzaldehyde. AB - Male and female Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were treated daily (5 days/wk) with benzaldehyde by gavage either in 12 doses of 0 (vehicle control), 100 (rats only), 200, 400, 800, 1600 or (for mice only) 3200 mg/kg body weight/day (followed by 2 days' observation without treatment), or for 90 days in doses of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 or 800 mg/kg/day (rats) or 0, 75, 150, 300, 600 or 1200 mg/kg/day (mice). In the acute studies, benzaldehyde induced deaths and decreased body-weight gain in both sexes of rats given 800 or 1600 mg/kg/day and caused deaths in both sexes of mice given 1600 or 3200 mg/kg/day. In the 90-day studies, deaths occurred in both sexes of rats on 800 mg/kg/day and in male mice on 1200 mg/kg/day. Body-weight gain was depressed in male rats on 800 mg/kg/day, in male mice on 600 mg/kg/day and in female mice on 1200 mg/kg/day. Necrotic and degenerative lesions were seen in the cerebellar and hippocampal regions of the brain in both sexes of rats given 800 mg/kg/day, but not in mice. Renal tubular necrosis occurred in male and female rats on 800 mg/kg/day and in male mice on 1200 mg/kg/day. Mild epithelial hyperplasia or hyperkeratosis of the forestomach was seen in male and female rats on 800 mg/kg/day. In this limited study, the no observed-toxic-effect doses of benzaldehyde administered by gavage were 400 mg/kg/day in male and female rats, 300 mg/kg/day in male mice and 600-1200 mg/kg/day in female mice. PMID- 6683221 TI - Fatty-acid conjugation with cyclamate metabolites as a possible mechanism for ultimate retention. AB - In an in vitro rat-liver microsomal system fortified with coenzyme. A palmitic acid was found to conjugate at the nitrogen moiety of the cyclamate metabolite cyclohexylamine (CHA) and at both the nitrogen and oxygen moieties of its metabolite N-cyclohexylhydroxylamine (CHHA). The fatty acid was preferentially conjugated at or preferentially retained to the nitrogen moiety of CHHA. Stearic acid was also shown to conjugate with CHA. Amines may thus be another class of compounds that, like hydroxylated compounds, are retained in vivo as fatty-acid conjugates in lipid-containing tissues of animals. PMID- 6683223 TI - The metabolism of p-propylanisole in the rat and mouse and its variation with dose. AB - We have studied the metabolism of the synthetic flavouring p-propylanisole in rats and mice and investigated the variation in its metabolism with dose. [methoxy-14C]-p-Propylanisole was given to female Wistar albino rats orally and male CD-1 mice ip at doses ranging from 0.05-1500 mg/kg body weight (0.2-20 20 microCi/animal). The urine, faeces and 14CO2 in the expired air were collected. The urinary metabolites were separated by solvent extraction, thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography, and characterized by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and comparison with authentic samples. Three major 14C-labelled urinary metabolites were excreted, 1'- and 2' hydroxy-p-propylanisole and p-methoxyhippuric acid. 14CO2 was eliminated in the expired air, arising from oxidative O-demethylation. The relative quantities of the metabolites varied markedly with dose. The percentage of the dose that was O demethylated fell as the dose increased and the proportion in the form of urinary metabolites increased. The relative proportions of the major urinary metabolites also changed with dose. In view of the great discrepancy between human exposure to p-propylanisole in foods (about 15 micrograms/day) and the doses used for its toxicological evaluation in animals, these results emphasize the importance of considering dose-dependent metabolism when interpreting the significance for man of animal data obtained at very high doses. PMID- 6683224 TI - The role of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylene-2,5-cyclohexadienone (BHT quinone methide) in the metabolism of butylated hydroxytoluene. AB - Male rats were fed 5.45 mmol/100 g diet butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or 2,6-di tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol (BHT alcohol) in either a standard or purified diet for 1 wk, after which their livers were analysed for levels of unconjugated BHT metabolites and their blood clotting times were assayed. The BHT quinone methide, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylene-2,5-cyclohexadienone, was only found in appreciable concentrations (6-9 micrograms/g liver) in the livers of rats given BHT. For rats fed the purified diet, BHT and BHT alcohol caused significant reductions of the prothrombin index to 23 and 70%, respectively, of the control value, though rats fed the standard diet were not similarly affected. Liver concentrations of BHT in rats fed BHT alcohol also varied according to diet, indicating that the metabolic pathway may be affected by diet. Biliary excretion of the quinone methide was observed in rats given 140 mg BHT alcohol ip. PMID- 6683222 TI - Effect of saccharin ingestion on stool composition in relation to caecal enlargement and increased stool hydration. AB - In an attempt to determine why sodium saccharin feeding causes caecal enlargement (Anderson & Kirkland, Fd Cosmet. Toxicol. 1980, 18, 353) and increased stool hydration (Anderson, Fd Cosmet. Toxicol. 1979, 17, 195), stools from rats fed diets containing 0, 1, 3, 5 or 7.5% sodium saccharin were analysed. Saccharin ingestion resulted in a small increase in stool ash but no change in lipid or non saccharin nitrogen concentrations (mg/g dry stool). Saccharin treatment also resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the stool content of carbohydrate soluble in 1 N-NaOH. The results have led to the hypothesis that saccharin feeding results in a dose-dependent increase in the stools in the content of hygroscopic polysaccharides which may be derived from the diet or synthesized by an intestinal microorganism(s). The polysaccharide in conjunction with the high stool saccharin content causes caecal enlargement and increased stool hydration. A possible relationship between this effect of saccharin and urinary-tract toxicity is suggested. PMID- 6683225 TI - Methylation of liver DNA of rat and mouse by N-nitrosodimethylamine formed in vivo from dimethylamine and nitrite. AB - The extent of formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in the stomachs of rats and mice after simultaneous oral administration of [14C]dimethylamine and potassium nitrite was determined by measuring the methylation of liver DNA. With doses of around 1 mg dimethylamine hydrochloride/kg body weight and 50 mg potassium nitrite/kg body weight, 0.8% of the amine was nitrosated on average. The individual fluctuations ranged from 0.2 to 1.3% in the rat and from 0.2 to 1.9% in the mouse. Simultaneous administration of 50 mg sodium ascorbate (vitamin C)/kg body weight inhibited the nitrosation by about 80% while 50 mg alpha tocopherol acetate (vitamin E)/kg body weight reduced the nitrosation by about a half. Assuming similar kinetics and conditions of nitrosation in rats and man, a comparison of the formation of NDMA in vivo from dietary dimethylamine and nitrite with the estimated human uptake of preformed NDMA revealed that in vivo formation in the stomach of man is probably negligible. PMID- 6683226 TI - Metabolism of 3-deoxy-4-sulphohexosulose, a reaction product of sulphite in foods, by rat and mouse. AB - The excretion of single intragastric doses of 14C-labelled 3-deoxy-4 sulphohexosulose (DSH) was studied in male CF1 mice and male and female Wistar albino rats. Urine and faeces were collected 6, 12, 24, (36), 48 and 72 hr after administration of 2100 mg [14C]DSH/kg body weight (to mice), 1700 mg/kg (to male rats) and 100 and 500 mg/kg (to male and female rats). After 72 hr, plasma and total carcass levels were determined in some experiments. In mice 29% of the administered radioactivity was excreted in the urine, 50% in the faeces and some 13% in cage washings. In rats, faecal excretion varied between 58.5 and 73%. Urinary excretion varied between 16.5 and 31% and was slightly higher in male than in female rats. No radioactivity was detected in expired air of rats, and carcass levels in rats and mice after 72 hr were less than 0.1% of the dose. TLC analysis of urine extracts revealed only unchanged [14C]DSH. In similar studies, male rats and mice were given 35S-labelled DSH in a dose of 6500 mg/kg or 10,700 mg/kg, respectively. Urinary activity accounted for 19.5% of the dose in rats and 27.5% in mice by 72 hr and no 35S-labelled sulphate was detectable in the urine. Organ analyses at nine intervals from 0.25 to 24 hr after intragastric administration of 1600 and 1800 mg [14C]DSH/kg to male rats and mice, respectively, showed that at all times most of the 14C activity was associated with the gastro-intestinal tract in both species. Maximum tissue levels were 2.16% of the dose in the rat liver 0.5 hr after dosing and 1.57% in the mouse kidney after 0.25 hr. Significant amounts of activity (greater than 0.25% of the dose) occurred transiently also in the pancreas and lungs of both species, in the rat testes and in the mouse bladder. Maximum plasma levels were 0.09% of the dose/ml in rats 0.5 and 1 hr after dosing and 0.34%/ml in mice at 0.25 hr. PMID- 6683227 TI - Chronic effects of agar, guar gum, gum arabic, locust-bean gum, or tara gum in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. AB - Diets containing 25,000 (2.5%) or 50,000 ppm (5.0%) agar, guar gum, gum arabic, locust-bean gum or tara gum were fed to groups of 50 male and 50 female F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice for 103 wk. Separate groups of 50 rats and 50 mice of each sex served as controls for each study. There were no significant differences in survival between any of the dosed groups of rats or mice and their respective control groups. Depressions in body-weight gain greater than 10% for dosed groups relative to their respective control groups were observed for male (low dose only) and female mice fed diets containing agar, female mice fed diets containing guar gum (high dose only), male mice fed diets containing locust-bean gum (high dose only) and male and female mice fed diets containing tara gum (high dose only). Depressions in body-weight gain greater than 5% were observed for female rats fed diets containing agar, guar gum or gum arabic. There were no histopathological effects associated with the administration of the test materials. Under the conditions of these bioassays, none of the five polysaccharides was carcinogenic for F344 rats or B6C3F1 mice of either sex. PMID- 6683229 TI - Skin penetration by 2,4-diaminoanisole in the rat. AB - The absorption of 14C-labelled 2,4-diaminoanisole together with its reaction products was investigated after application to the skin of rats. 2,4 Diamino[14C]anisole was applied as an ingredient of three different hair-dyeing formulations using procedures approximating to realistic conditions of use. Percutaneous absorption of the compound ranged from 0.26 to 1.1% of the administered dose, according to the formulation used. Elimination occurred mainly in the urine, with a smaller proportion in the faeces. Very small amounts were detected in the expired air. Complementary investigations involving subcutaneous or oral application of a solution of 2,4-diamino[14C]anisole.2HCl showed that radioactivity was rapidly eliminated in the urine and faeces. Biliary excretion was demonstrated after oral administration. PMID- 6683228 TI - The metabolic profile of sodium o-phenylphenate after subchronic oral administration to rats. AB - We examined the metabolites of o-phenylphenol (OPP) in the urine of male and female rats dosed with 2% sodium o-phenylphenate (OPP-Na) in food from the age of 5 wk for 136 days. The urinary metabolites of OPP-Na produced during the 24 hr after OPP-Na feeding accounted for 55% of the dose in male rats and 40% in females. The main metabolites were OPP-glucuronide and 2,5-dihydroxybiphenyl (2,5 DHBP)-glucuronide. OPP metabolites in the free form accounted for only 1% of the total phenolic metabolites excreted. 2,5-DHBP was rapidly converted to the corresponding quinone in aqueous solvents but not in organic solvents. There was a clear sex difference in the proportions of urinary metabolites; the amount of 2,5-DHBP excreted by male rats in 24-hr urine was more than seven times that excreted by females. This result may be related to the finding that bladder tumours occur in male but not female rats fed OPP-Na in the diet. PMID- 6683230 TI - Evaluation of the mutagenic effects of phenobarbital by dominant lethal assay in Swiss mice. AB - Phenobarbital, a potent antiepileptic drug, was tested for the induction of dominant lethal mutations in male Swiss mice. The drug was administered in sterile distilled water at doses of 42, 84 or 126 mg/kg body weight by intubation over five consecutive days. Controls were given distilled water alone. The males were then mated for 1 wk sequentially with pairs of untreated virgin females for a total of 8 wk. The females were killed 17 days after presumed mating and the uterine contents were examined. There was a significant reduction in the total number of implantations and an increase in the number of dead implantations per pregnant female in the treated groups compared with the controls. The results from sequential matings showed that the pre-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis were more affected than the post-meiotic stages. PMID- 6683231 TI - [Animals as disease producers and transmitters. 1]. PMID- 6683232 TI - [Observations on the bioclimate of the High Tatras]. PMID- 6683233 TI - [New legal regulations for the protection of Soviet spas]. PMID- 6683234 TI - [Physical activity and prognosis after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6683235 TI - [Levels of immunoglobulins, complement and circulating immunocomplexes in hypertensive patients during sauna baths]. PMID- 6683236 TI - [Orthostatic reaction and systolic time intervals after saunas in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 6683237 TI - [Effective pharmacotherapy with diuretics in spa therapy]. PMID- 6683239 TI - [Reflex therapy from the systemic viewpoint]. PMID- 6683238 TI - [Mental implications of the term "ECG" for cardiac patients]. PMID- 6683240 TI - Hepatic thyroid hormone levels following chronic alcohol consumption: direct experimental evidence in rats against the existence of a hyperthyroid hepatic state. AB - To study the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on hepatic levels of thyroid hormones, female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were pair-fed nutritionally adequate liquid diets containing either ethanol (36% of total calories) or isocaloric carbohydrates for 21 days. Compared to controls, chronic alcohol consumption failed to result in a significant change of hepatic thyroid hormone levels (thyroxine: 14.7 +/- 1.81 ng per gm of liver wet weight vs. 15.0 +/- 1.59; triiodothyronine: 2.60 +/- 0.16 ng per gm of liver wet weight vs. 2.66 +/- 0.18). Similar results were obtained when the hepatic levels of thyroid hormones were expressed per total liver, per gram of liver protein or per 100 gm of body weight. Moreover, prolonged alcohol ingestion led to a significant reduction of serum total thyroxine by 31.6% (p less than 0.001), free thyroxine by 38.9% (p less than 0.02), total triiodothyronine by 40.2% (p less than 0.001) and free triiodothyronine by 56.1% (p less than 0.001) when compared to their pair-fed controls, whereas thyroid-stimulating hormone levels remained virtually unchanged. These data, therefore, clearly show that chronic alcohol consumption is incapable of creating a hyperthyroid hepatic state in rats, and limit the rationale for antithyroid treatment in patients with alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 6683241 TI - Maternal aggression in hamsters: effects of stage of lactation, presence of pups, and repeated testing. AB - This study investigated maternal aggression in hamsters and examined the effects of early versus late lactation, presence or absence of the litters during the tests, and prior aggressive encounters. There was a total of six experimental groups. Two groups were tested in the presence of their litters on both Days 5 and 15 of lactation; two groups were presented with intruders after a 6-hr interval of mother-litter separation on Days 5 and 15 of lactation. The last two experimental groups were tested on Day 15 only in the presence of their litters or after a 6-hr separation from their litters. Estrous-cycling animals were also tested twice (10 days apart) or once to control for periods of social isolation. Animals were tested in their home cages for 10 min with weight-matched estrous cycling intruders. Sexually receptive females were not used as controls or intruders. Measures of aggression included fights, attacks, chases, and intruder retreats. Lactating animals initiated significantly higher levels of all measures of aggression than cycling controls. There were no differences in aggression between Days 5 and 15 of lactation or between the groups tested in the presence or absence of their litters. Prior testing on Day 5 had little effect on aggressive responses on Day 15. The results are discussed in terms of comparisons to other species and the factors responsible for high levels of aggression during lactation. PMID- 6683242 TI - A stepdown system helps deal with reimbursement status under TEFRA. PMID- 6683243 TI - The chromosome constitution of 1000 human spermatozoa. AB - Chromosomal analysis of 1000 spermatozoa from 33 normal men was performed using in vitro fertilization of zona-free golden hamster eggs. The frequency of abnormal sperm complements was 8.5%: 5.2% were aneuploid and 3.3% had a structural chromosome abnormality. The frequencies of hyperhaploid (2.4%) and hypohaploid (2.7%) sperm complements were not significantly different and all chromosome groups were represented among the aneuploid complements. The majority (22/33) of structurally abnormal complements had a chromosome break. The percentages of X and Y-bearing sperm were 53.9% and 46.1%, which is significantly different from the expected one to one ratio. PMID- 6683244 TI - Expression of the fragile site Xq27 in fibroblasts. I. Detection of fra(X)(q27) in fibroblast clones from males with X-linked mental retardation. AB - Twelve fibroblast clones from two males with X-linked mental retardation expressed the fragile site Xq27 in 3%-38% of metaphases analyzed. The number of in vitro doublings during the cloning procedure had no evident influence on the induction of fragile X expression. The variability of fragile X expression seems to depend on cell properties acquired during culture rather than on properties originally inherent in the cells. PMID- 6683245 TI - The sex ratio of Japanese twins. AB - I have previously suggested that the sex ratios of multiple births registered in Japan are biased. Data published by Imaizumi[1982a, b] are consistent with the suggestion that this alleged bias diminished during the two decades preceding 1974. If true, this would provide additional evidence for my claim that the sex ratio of monozygotic twins is low. PMID- 6683246 TI - Naloxone and alcohol intoxication in the dog. AB - 1 The effects of naloxone upon ethanol-induced coma have been investigated in dogs. In a double blind study, 15 mongrel dogs received ethanol i.v. (4 g/kg) followed by a single dose of naloxone (12 micrograms/kg). 2 Naloxone failed to affect either the duration of respiratory arrest or the time to recovery of motor coordination. In similar animals treated with the narcotic analgesic, fentanyl, naloxone induced a dramatic and complete reversal of the narcotic effects within 30 seconds. 3 It is concluded that, if naloxone has any effect in alcoholic coma, it is not comparable with its dramatic action in narcotic coma. PMID- 6683247 TI - Pregnancy induces an increase in the number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells. AB - The effect of pregnancy on the immune status of CBA mice has been measured in terms of Ig-secreting cells. Reversed plaque assays show that there is a considerable increase in numbers of IgG- and, to a lesser extent, IgM-secreting cells in the para-aortic lymph nodes. Similar but muted responses were observed in the spleen and among the lymphocytes of the peripheral blood. Analysis of cells sorted for intensity of staining for surface Ig in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), shows that Ig-secreting cells are confined to a population of very weakly staining cells. The 'response' in syngeneic pregnancies (CBA x CBA) is at least as great as that seen in allogeneic pregnancies (CBA x C57). Active immunity to a xenogeneic erythrocyte antigen is potentiated by pregnancy. PMID- 6683248 TI - Plasminogen activator in normal and tumor-bearing mice. AB - The plasminogen activator levels of a series of murine tumors commonly used in cancer drug screening were determined and compared to the levels found in normal mouse tissues. Tumors high in plasminogen activator included the B16 and colon 26. The Lewis lung and M5076 carcinoma showed an intermediate level of activity, while the plasminogen activator activity in the L1210 leukemia and colon 38 was barely elevated above background. The specific activity of the enzyme (per micrograms protein) in extracts of B16 and colon 26 was three or four times higher than in the most active normal organs surveyed (kidney, lung, brain and intestine). The high level of plasminogen activator activity measured in extracts of the B16 tumor was reflected in a substantial elevation of the levels of fibrin degradation products in the serum of mice carrying this tumor. This result suggests that the tumor-associated plasminogen activator activity is less subject to inhibitory controls in vivo than is the plasminogen activator of most normal tissues, since the total mass of the tumor was far less than the total mass of the fibrinolytically active tissues, and yet the bulk of the fibrin degradation products were caused by the tumor. We conclude that the high levels of plasminogen activator activity which are observed in many human tumors are found only in some of the transplantable murine tumors. Since this enzyme is active at an increased level in vivo in mice carrying the B16 tumor, plasminogen activator may be a suitable target for selective, enzyme-activated chemotherapy with this tumor test system. PMID- 6683249 TI - Plasminogen activator activity of metastatic variants from a murine fibrosarcoma; effect of thrombin in vitro. AB - In order to investigate the possible correlation between plasminogen activator (PA) activity and metastatic potential of tumour cells, we studied cultured cells from the murine fibrosarcoma mFS6 and from its two sublines M4 and M9 which differ markedly in their capacity to cause spontaneous metastases in the lung. PA activity was detected in all the sublines by an amidolytic method and was almost completely inhibited by treatment with antiurokinase antiserum. No significant differences were shown between mFS6, M4 and M9. Moreover, molecular analysis of PA by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and fibrin overlay revealed in all the cell types a single species having a mol. wt. of approximately 48,000 daltons. Thrombin treatment dramatically inhibited the amidolytic activity of all cells, suggesting a role for this enzyme in the modulation of fibrin formation and dissolution within the primary neoplasm. PMID- 6683250 TI - Concentration and time-dependent inter-relationships for antitumour drug cytotoxicities against tumour cells in vitro. AB - Cryopreserved tumour cells obtained from the ascitic fluid of a patient with an ovarian carcinoma were employed to determine the effect on in vitro drug cytotoxicities of varying both drug concentration and exposure time. Four antitumour drugs, in common clinical usage, were selected for study. Tumour-cell survival following drug treatment was measured by colony-forming ability in the soft-agar developed by Courtenay et al. (1978). Treatment with cis-platinum, adriamycin or vinblastine generated exponential survival curves with increasing cell kill resulting from either increasing drug concentrations or prolonging exposure times. In contrast, no detectable cell kill was elicited by treatment with hydroxyurea for short exposure times of 1 or 6 h, even at concentrations as high as 1 mg/ml, although continuous drug exposure resulted in a steep exponential survival curve. These results, obtained directly from biopsy material, are in close agreement with data from parallel studies employing a continuous human tumour-cell line (COLO 205 derived from a colon carcinoma). Duration of exposure is therefore an important determinant of drug-induced cytotoxicity under these assay conditions. The results with hydroxyurea, however, imply that prolonged incubation times are necessary to evaluate the cytotoxicity of certain agents and so the routinely employed 1 h exposure in most current human tumour drug sensitivity tests is inadequate for such drugs. These data therefore provide evidence that employing a single set of standard conditions of drug exposure to evaluate all antitumour drugs may be inappropriate. PMID- 6683251 TI - Pilot study on disposition and pain relief after i.m. administration of meperidine during the day or night. AB - Two groups (four patients each) of sickle cell anemia patients with severe pain were studied. One group comprised patients admitted to emergency unit in the morning (5:40 to 9:15) and the other patients admitted in the evening (18:53 to 22:50). All patients received intramuscular meperidine (1.5 mg/kg). Pain intensity and pain relief were followed for 4 h; blood samples were taken up to 6 h after drug administration. Significant differences in drug disposition were found between the day and night groups, as the elimination half-life was 46% shorter during the night and the total serum clearance was 70% greater during the night. Whereas a positive correlation was found between drug concentration and pain relief for the day group, no such correlation was found for th night group. Even though peak concentrations were higher during the night, analgesia was lower. This pilot study suggests that much higher meperidine doses might be required during the night to achieve equieffective analgesia. PMID- 6683252 TI - Involvement of subcutaneous veins in lepromatous leprosy. AB - Venous involvement in 31 patients with lepromatous leprosy has been studied in biopsies from clinically involved and clinically normal subcutaneous veins from the forearm. Twenty-nine of these showed histological evidence of leprous phlebitis. The earliest lesion was intimal cell hyperplasia with the presence of acid-fast bacilli in small groups in the intimal cells. This gradually progressed to total occlusion of the vein by lepromatous exudate. The results indicate much greater involvement of veins and possibly other components of the vascular system in patients with lepromatous leprosy than is generally accepted. The importance of such involvement in the pathogenesis of leprosy is also discussed. PMID- 6683253 TI - Leprosy vaccines. PMID- 6683254 TI - Reduced estrogen excretion due to clofazimine? PMID- 6683255 TI - Hydrocortisone production in lepromatous patients with insulin load. AB - Hydrocortisone production was studied in 36 patients with lepromatous leprosy before and after insulin load as a stress factor using a competitive radioassay. Twenty-three patients showed a so-called paradoxical type of hydrocortisone production suggestive of markedly exhausted hydrocortisone-producing function of the adrenal cortex. Reserve hydrocortisone production was depressed in most of the patients with active disease; while cured patients showed a partial restoration in reserve hydrocortisone production. Leprosy relapses seem to be among the factors affecting the reserve hydrocortisone-producing function of adrenals. The question of reassessment of the principles of steroid therapy in lepromatous patients with relapses is raised. PMID- 6683256 TI - Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in nasal washings and saliva of leprosy patients. AB - IgA levels in nasal washings and saliva were determined in leprosy patients and healthy controls. In addition, serum levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM and total serum protein were analyzed. IgA levels in the nasal washings, but not in the salivas, were elevated significantly in the borderline (BL) and lepromatous (LL) groups. In the tuberculoid (TT) and borderline tuberculoid (BT) groups, the IgA levels in both the nasal washings and salivas did not differ from the controls. Total protein was also elevated in the nasal washings in the BL and LL groups. Thus, the IgA expresses as mg/mg protein did not differ significantly from the control group. However, in individual patients the levels of IgA and total protein were not correlated in either the nasal washings or the salivas. The high serum immunoglobulin and protein levels were in accord with the findings of most other workers. PMID- 6683257 TI - Leprous synovitis. A study of fifty cases. AB - A study of 50 synovial biopsies of proved lepromatous patients with arthritis was carried out. Out of these 50 cases, 14 cases were suffering from lepra reaction and the histopathological study of the synovium in these 14 cases revealed the presence of only vasculitis and lymphocytic infiltration. In the remaining 36 cases, not associated with lepra reaction, the synovial lining showed hyperplasia and villous hypertrophy, and the synovial tissue showed congestion, pannus formation, the presence of macrophage granulomas and, in some cases, even intact acid-fast bacilli. Since there was no other cause for arthritis, it is perhaps likely that the primary synovial involvement in these 36 cases may be the cause of the arthritis. In the ten cases of lepromatous leprosy without arthritis studied as controls, no histopathological abnormality in the synovium could be detected. PMID- 6683258 TI - Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isoenzyme phenotypes in leprosy. AB - Hemolysates from 50 cases of leprosy and five controls were studied for glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) isoenzyme phenotypes by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis using a miniaturized system. The cases were classified as lepromatous (24), borderline lepromatous (5), borderline tuberculoid (5), and tuberculoid (16) according to the Ridley-Jopling scale. All had been on treatment with dapsone for between two and 12 years. None of the cases showed deficiency of erythrocyte G-6-PD. All the cases and the controls showed the G-6-PD phenotype to be of the B+ variety. Therefore this genetic marker does not appear to be related to susceptibility to leprosy or to the clinical variety of the disease in our situation. PMID- 6683260 TI - A clinical and immunological study of four babies of mothers with lepromatous leprosy, two of whom developed leprosy in infancy. AB - One hundred thirteen women and 27 healthy controls were studied throughout pregnancy, at delivery, and followed up with their babies during lactation. Thirty-eight of the mothers with lepromatous leprosy were found to have solid staining bacilli in skin smears or biopsies, and hence were considered potentially highly infectious to their unborn children by hematogenous spread via the placenta. Two babies of mothers within this group were diagnosed as having leprosy on clinical and histological grounds. A third baby could well have had leprosy, but the case was not proven. The fourth baby did not have leprosy and, although it did have ringworm, was thus deemed to be a reasonable control. The leprosy skin lesions were first observed at a special followup clinic when the children were between the aged of 9 and 17 months. The demonstration of IgA and IgM anti-M. leprae antibodies in cord sera was taken as an indication of intrauterine immunologic stimulation, and hence transplacental transmission of M. leprae. The two babies with proven leprosy showed an early and significant increase in serum IgA and in particular serum IgM anti-M. leprae antibody activity. A third baby, suspected of having leprosy but in whom the diagnosis was not proven, showed a similar but less marked increase in serum IgA and IgM activity. The fourth baby showed no such rise in anti-M. leprae activity. A decrease in serum IgG anti-M. leprae antibody activity could be demonstrated in one of the babies with leprosy after healing of the leprosy lesions, but not in the second baby. PMID- 6683259 TI - Mutagenic activity of antileprosy drugs and their derivatives. AB - We tested the mutagenic activity of antileprosy drugs (clofazimine, ethionamide, prothionamide, prothionamide-S-oxide, rifampin, and dapsone and many of its derivatives) using the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay system. None of these, including N-acetylated and N-hydroxylated derivatives of dapsone, were found to be positive with or without metabolic activation of this test. However, the sulfoxide and sulfide analogs of dapsone were found to be mutagenic with metabolic activation. These two analogs could not be detected in pharmaceutical preparations of dapsone (less than 0.01%), nor could they be found (in either unconjugated or conjugated form) in urine from volunteers taking a single oral dose of 50 mg of dapsone or from patients receiving daily oral doses of 100 mg of dapsone. Also, urine concentrates from volunteers taking 50 mg of dapsone did not exhibit mutagenic activity in the Ames screen. These results indicate that patients receiving antileprosy therapy with clofazimine, dapsone, ethionamide, prothionamide, and/or rifampin are not being exposed to mutagenic (and thereby possible carcinogenic) drugs. PMID- 6683261 TI - In vitro cultivation of Mycobacterium X from Mycobacterium leprae-infected tissues in acetone-dimethylsulfoxide-tetradecane medium. AB - Several strains of mycobacteria were cultivable from Mycobacterium leprae infected human and armadillo tissues in a liquid medium containing three dimethyl analogs: dimethylketone, dimethylsulfoxide, and tetradecane [CH3 . (CH2)12 . CH3]. The medium contained KH2PO4, 7.0 g; Na2HPO4, 1.0 g; (NH4)2SO4, 2.0 g; MgSO4, 0.1 g; iron ammonium citrate, 0.1 g; DMSO, 10 ml; and acetone, 150 ml in distilled water ad one liter. Tetradecane 0.1 ml was added aseptically to each tube, containing 10 ml of the sterile medium. The media, inoculated with M. leprae were incubated at 38 degrees C and shaken vigorously twice weekly. Growth developed as a fine emulsion at the upper phase of the two-phase system. This was homogenized by mechanical shaking, permitting growth estimation by turbidity measurements. Microscopic examination showed unmistakably the slow but abundant multiplication of acid-fast rods. The logarithmic growth rate was measurable during two to three months, followed by a plateau. The strains are maintained in subcultures by regular transfer into the same medium at two- to three-month intervals. The cultures and subcultures do not grow on Lowenstein or in Dubos media, but in the foot pads of mice they produce a multiplication similar to that obtained following injection of host-grown M. leprae. The cultures are tentatively designated as Mycobacterium X. The relationship of Mycobacterium X to the pathology of leprosy is not clear. PMID- 6683262 TI - Morphine may not produce true catalepsy. AB - Though catalepsy is one of the primary features classically associated with morphine injections in animals, several investigators have suggested that morphine may not produce true catalepsy. A study was therefore undertaken using the most widely accepted tests of catalepsy to determine whether a dose related catalepsy could be obtained in rats. The effect produced by morphine was then compared with the catalepsy elicited by subthreshold to suprathreshold doses of haloperidol. In the course of catalepsy assessment, it was found that half the tests employed could not distinguish between the several doses of morphine that were administered. Moreover, the cataleptoid behavior induced by morphine failed to satisfy nearly all of the criteria most widely used for catalepsy. This is in marked contrast to the results obtained with varying doses of haloperidol. These results are compatible with the suggestion that morphine may not be a true cataleptigenic agent. PMID- 6683263 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E1 in collagen disease patients with inflammatory skin ulcer. AB - Clinical, physiological and biochemical studies of PGE1 were done in a series of collagen disease patients with skin ulcer, in a foot varix patient with skin ulcer as a non-inflammatory skin ulcer control, and in two diabetics without skin ulcer as no skin ulcer controls. Intravenous infusions of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) were given continuously at the dose of 1 ng/kg/min for 72 hours. Blood samples were collected from the cubital vein, before, during, immediately after and at seven days after PGE1 therapy. Platelet aggregations were studied by light transmittance (PRP: modified by Born's method; whole blood: modified by Tohjima's method). Platelet iPGE (immunoreactive PGE-like material) levels were assayed by radio-immunoassay. Essential fatty acid compositions of plasma, platelet and red cells, were analysed by gas chromatography. Results were as follows: (1) in all cases, complete healing of skin ulcers was observed; (2) In most cases, skin temperature increased during PGE1 treatment; (3) Platelet aggregation was higher during PGE1 treatment than before and was higher in PRP than in whole blood during PGE1 treatment; (4) The platelet basal iPGE levels were significantly decreased by PGE1 (P less than 0.025); (5) The plasma and platelet linoleic acid levels were significantly higher than before PGE1 treatment (plasma: P less than 0.05, platelets: P less than 0.025); (6) Thrombocytosis of one case of MRA was healed by the second PGE1 treatment. CONCLUSION: The inflammatory skin ulcers in collagen diseases were healed completely by continuous intravenous infusion of PGE1. This effect might be brought about by the suppression of PG metabolism, especially in platelets. PMID- 6683264 TI - Proteins from human retinal pigment epithelial cells: evidence that a major protein is actin. AB - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to fluorography was used to obtain the major 35S-methionine labeled protein patterns of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and fibroblasts. Comparisons of these profiles showed that: a) primary and subcultures of RPE were quite similar, each showing about 200 different proteins, b) the RPE protein patterns contained at least eight major acidic proteins (from 31 to 96 kilodaltons) not readily seen in fibroblasts; c) the fibroblast pattern showed three well-labeled, very acidic proteins, one of which (58 kilodaltons) appeared to be unique to fibroblasts; and d) a major complex of acidic protein of 43 kilodaltons with isoelectric points of 5.6 to 5.9 was a common protein in RPE and fibroblasts. These latter macromolecules were found to coelectrophorese with purified chicken muscle actin. Ultrastructural studies of cultured RPE supported the presence of actin microfilaments that were demonstrated specifically by labeling with fluorescent phallotoxin. PMID- 6683265 TI - Both rod and cone disc shedding are related to light onset in the cat. AB - Nineteen domestic cats were entrained to a 12-hr light/12-hr dark lighting cycle and killed at different times of the cycle. The numbers of rod and cone phagosomes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were quantified by light microscopy. The number of both rod and cone phagosomes shows a large increase within 2 hrs after light onset. Thereafter, the phagosome count remains low until the latter part of the dark period when the number of rod and cone phagosomes increases slightly. In a few cases, substantial variability in phagosome numbers was found between animals killed at the same times in the lighting cycle. Small (0.4-0.8 microns), dense, membrane-bound granules, that have the ultrastructural features of lysosomes, occur in large numbers in the tapetal RPE cells. The granules may contain only a homogeneous matrix or matrix plus membrane fragments or melanin. Variations in the number of such granules in different animals shows no clear diurnal pattern. Phagosome number, size, and length measurements of outer segments are used to provide estimates of cone outer segment turnover time in the cat. PMID- 6683266 TI - Effects of alteration in the light cycle on outer segment shedding in the fetal retina. AB - Shedding of outer segment discs and their phagocytosis by retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) in the guinea pig starts to occur during in utero development. The number of phagosomes in the fetal RPE varies in a cyclical manner somewhat analogous to that observed in mature animals. The present study addresses the question of whether the cycles in fetus and mother are independent or linked. Pregnant guinea pigs were subjected to 10 days of alteration of their lighting schedules beginning on the 46th day of gestation. Dams and fetuses were sacrificed on day 56, and large phagosomes in the RPE of each were counted. A 10 hour phase advance was employed, ie, from 0800 (lights on): 2000 (light off) in controls, to 2200 (on): 1000 (off) in experimental animals. Counts of large phagosomes in the posterior retina were compared in both control and experimental nulliparous, gravid, and fetal animals. A significant burst of shedding occurred within one hour after light onset in the experimental groups comprised of either nulliparous or pregnant animals. The latter also showed a smaller rise in phagosome numbers at the original time of onset of illumination. In contrast, no shift in the time of maximum shedding activity was observed in fetuses in the experimental regime. Their activity was similar to that present in the original 0800:2000 cycle. Whereas maternal RPE shedding cycles can be reentrained in a 10 day period, those in the 46- to 56-day fetal retina are refractory to significant change. Based on this finding, it is likely that the shedding cycles in the mother and fetus at this age are under independent control, and, therefore, that shedding in the fetus is not mediated by maternal borne factors. PMID- 6683267 TI - The Prader-Willi syndrome: neuroendocrine study of identical twins. AB - Identical twins with the Prader-Willi syndrome are reported. Apart from hypogonadism, hypomentia, hypotonia and obesity, they presented shorter than normal stature and the peculiar facies of this syndrome. Both twins also suffered from arterial hypertension with secondary hyperaldosteronism, an abnormality never previously recorded. The endocrinological study showed the presence of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in both twins. The GnRH and clomiphene tests suggested a hypothalamic disorder. Although the vast majority of cases with the Prader-Willi syndrome are isolated, the expression of this disorder in two identical twins enhances the possibility of a genetic determination. PMID- 6683269 TI - Dilated cardiomyopathy in Hawaii. A retrospective study of 13 patients. PMID- 6683268 TI - Cerebral and cerebellar haemangioblastoma occurring in the same patient. AB - A middle-aged man who had undergone two previous operations on a cerebellar haemangioblastoma was found at CT follow-up thirteen years later to have a double supra-and infra-tentorial haemangioblastoma. The tumors were confirmed by vertebral angiography and removed by two-stage surgery. The importance of careful CT follow-up to detect the recurrence of multifocal haemangioblastoma is clear. PMID- 6683270 TI - Pregnancy outcome for adolescents receiving prenatal care by nurse practitioners in extended roles. AB - The outcome of teenage pregnancy when managed in a specialized antenatal program resembles the patterns associated with young adults rather than the outcomes of teenagers in a general clinic. Based on a recent University of California study, this seems to result from three major factors: early prenatal care, nursing management in primary care, and special and consistent emphasis on adequate nutrition. Outcomes were significantly enhanced regarding infant weight and gestational age scoring, 1-and 5-minute Apgar scores, fewer intensive care admissions, and shorter hospital stays when compared to the general clinic experience. PMID- 6683271 TI - Thymic branchial cysts in the dog and cat. AB - Branchial cysts of the thymus were diagnosed in 15 dogs and 2 cats. The main clinical sign was dyspnea. Pleural effusion varied in degree from minimal to severe. In all animals, an encapsulated mass in the cranial mediastinal region was found to consist of multiple epithelial cysts embedded in a stroma of fibrous connective tissue, adipose tissue, and vessels. Surgical resection of the cysts was performed in 7 dogs; 3 dogs survived and were clinically normal for 18 to 36 months. PMID- 6683272 TI - Stabilization of equine and bovine mandibular and maxillary fractures, using an acrylic splint. PMID- 6683273 TI - Progesterone receptor replenishment in T47D human breast cancer cells. Roles of protein synthesis and hormone metabolism. AB - T47D are unusual human breast cancer cells that do not require estrogen to synthesize high levels of progesterone receptors. These cells can, therefore, be used to study the mechanisms by which progesterone, freed of estrogen interference, controls the synthesis of its receptors. In a recent paper we described progesterone receptor translocation and a subsequent very rapid nuclear processing step that results in an apparent loss of 60 to 80% of cellular progesterone receptors, 30 to 60 min after progesterone treatment. This paper deals with the replenishment of cellular receptors following processing. If progesterone is removed from cells after 60 min of treatment, cytoplasmic progesterone receptors replenish in 16 to 20 h. However, replenishment occurs even during chronic progesterone treatment; this is an artifact created by the extremely rapid (t1/2 approximately 2 h) metabolism of progesterone in media exposed to cells. If progesterone metabolism is blocked, then replenishment is not seen, probably because the hormone continuously retranslocates the newly replenished sites. There is an early protein synthesis-dependent step; cycloheximide in the first 4 h inhibits replenishment 24 h later, but if cycloheximide is slightly delayed (beyond 4 h), replenishment proceeds normally. In contrast to progesterone, the synthetic progestin R5020 completely suppresses progesterone receptor replenishment even 96 h after its removal from the medium. This compound can bind covalently to receptors and may be very difficult to remove from cells. Clearly, progestin treatment, and by analogy, circulating progesterone, will have profound effects on cytoplasmic and nuclear progesterone receptor levels when these are measured in biopsied human tumors as an adjunct to endocrine therapy. PMID- 6683274 TI - Increased expression of one of two adenosine deaminase alleles in a human choriocarcinoma cell line following selection with adenine nucleosides. AB - JEG-3 is a human choriocarcinoma cell line characterized by low levels of adenosine deaminase expression. For the purpose of studying adenosine deaminase gene regulation in the JEG-3 cells, we attempted to select variant cells having increased adenosine deaminase expression. This was accomplished by selecting cells for resistance to the cytotoxic adenosine analogs 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl adenine (ara-A) or 9-beta-D-xylofuranosyl adenine (xyl-A), both of which could presumably be detoxified by the action of adenosine deaminase. Single step high dose selection was ineffective in obtaining cells with increased adenosine deaminase. However, multistep selection using either ara-A or xyl-A resulted in cell populations with increased adenosine deaminase activity. Removal of selective pressure resulted in decreased adenosine deaminase levels. Subclones of xyl-A-resistant cells belonged to one of three phenotypic classes characterized by either elevated adenosine deaminase levels, decreased adenosine kinase levels, or both of these features. One subclone (A3-1A7) with unaltered adenosine kinase expression showed a 20-fold increase in adenosine deaminase expression. Further selection of this subclone for increasing xyl-A resistance resulted in an additional 2-fold increase in adenosine deaminase expression, followed by loss of adenosine kinase expression. These adenosine kinase-deficient cells showed no subsequent increase in adenosine deaminase expression in response to further xyl A selection pressure. These results confirmed that xyl-A toxicity was mediated through its phosphorylated form and indicated that resistance may result from increased adenosine deaminase levels and/or adenosine kinase deficiency. The increased adenosine deaminase expression of the A3-1A7 subclone was exclusively in the ADA 2 allelic form. However, cell fusion experiments between A3-1A7 cells and mouse C1-1D cells established the existence of functional copies of both ADA 1 and ADA 2 allelic genes in the A3-1A7 cells. The increased expression of only one of the two functional ADA alleles, the requirement for a stepwise selection protocol to obtain cells with increased adenosine deaminase, and the instability of the adenosine deaminase phenotype in the absence of selective pressure suggest that the alteration of adenosine deaminase phenotype in the drug-resistant cells was the result of adenosine deaminase gene amplification. PMID- 6683276 TI - Isolation of a mutagenic fraction from aqueous extracts of the wild edible mushroom Lactarius necator (a preliminary note). PMID- 6683275 TI - Proximodistal degeneration of C-fibers detached from their perikarya. AB - Degeneration was followed in the garfish olfactory nerve after removal of the mucosa containing the cell bodies. Degeneration, as measured by a decrease in the weight of consecutive 3-mm nerve segments, spreads at constant velocity from the site of injury toward the synaptic area. The proximodistal degeneration is temperature dependent and progresses from 0.3 mm/d at 10 degrees C to 13.0 mm/d at 35 degrees C. Between 14 and 35 degrees C, the velocity increases linearly with temperature. At all the temperatures investigated, these proximodistal degeneration velocities are identical to the rates of slow intraaxonal flow measured in axons detached from their cell bodies, or to the rates measured in regenerating fibers, and, except at 10 degrees C, are 3.3 times faster than the rate of slow flow in intact nerves. These results were confirmed by light and electron microscopy. We hypothesize that the collapse and subsequent degeneration of the axons is the result of a proximodistal depletion of cytoskeletal elements no longer provided by the cell body to the axon by slow intraaxonal flow. A significant number of axons disappeared rapidly from the nerve before the arrival of the slow degenerative wave. From studies by other groups, this rapid degeneration may be the result of a lack of rapidly transported, mainly membranous components. PMID- 6683277 TI - Evaluation of reductive amperometric detection in the liquid chromatographic determination of antineoplastic platinum complexes. AB - The usefulness of reductive electrochemical detection at mercury drop electrodes has been determined for platinum complexes separated by solvent-generated anion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. Both current-sampled dropping mercury and hanging mercury drop electrodes (DME and HMDE) provide significant advantages over UV absorbance and off-line non-flame atomic absorption detection. The effects of chromatographic and polarographic parameters on analytical system performance have been investigated. By raising the detector cell temperature, the detector response to cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DDP) can be shifted anodically to 0.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, thereby increasing detector selectivity for this compound. The noise-limited minimum detectable quantities of DDP with DME and HMDE are 1.8 ng and 70 pg injected, respectively. DDP can be determined in untreated urine at levels below 100 ng/ml. PMID- 6683278 TI - A comparative evaluation on nonspecific immunoparameters and CEA as a tumor marker in urogenital cancer patients. PMID- 6683279 TI - Comparison of normal and abnormal human fetal hip joints: a quantitative study with significance to congenital hip disease. AB - The presence, extent of abnormality, and measurement data in hips from six fetuses with congenital deformities and seven normal fetuses with 12 aberrant hips were compared with similar data from 140 normal fetuses. Six hips were abnormal on naked eye examination in fetuses with polycystic kidneys, multiple deformities, or cyclopia. Hips graded normal in two fetuses with cardiac defects were found to have dysplasia, greater on the left side, when measurement data were compared. Aberrant features observed resembled that reported in congenital hip disease. Although no joints were frankly dislocated, six hips were subluxated with marked deformity. Only two assessed abnormal hips did not have values outside normal limits for their comparison age group, and joints from six fetuses had some values that exceeded normal limits by 2 SD. In only two fetuses were the femoral angle values outside normal limits indicating that femoral angles alone may be poor criteria of hip dysplasia. Quantitative data for normal fetuses permit more precise evaluation of morphologically abnormal joints and enable detection of dysplasia not apparent on naked eye examination. PMID- 6683280 TI - Cutaneous zygomycosis in a patient with lymphoma. AB - A large variety of underlying conditions and diseases have been associated with zygomycosis. The most common ones include leukemia or lymphoma, burns, renal failure, septicemia, malnutrition, diabetes, cancer, chemotherapy, organ transplantation, and corticosteroid administration. While being ubiquitous in the environment and relatively harmless to healthy individuals, Zygomycetes can be fatal in the immunocompromised patient, especially if untreated or if treatment is delayed. PMID- 6683281 TI - CT appearance of abdominal thorotrast deposition and Thorotrast-induced angiosarcoma of the liver. AB - Although the clinical and radiographic manifestations of Thorotrast and its complications have been described, the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of Thorotrast deposition in the abdomen is less well known. Thorotrast produces a characteristic opacification of the liver, spleen, and abdominal lymph nodes. We report two cases of patients with Thorotrast-induced angiosarcoma of the liver detected by CT. Computed tomography in both cases demonstrated space-occupying lesions in the liver, which were readily detectable because of distortion of the Thorotrast-produced opacification. PMID- 6683282 TI - Perinephric hemorrhage from metastatic carcinoma to the kidney. AB - Retroperitoneal hemorrhage caused by a renal tumor is usually due to a renal cell carcinoma or angiomyolipoma. The authors report a case of computed tomographic (CT) demonstration of renal metastases from choriocarcinoma with an associated perinephric hemorrhage. The CT features indicated the acute nature of the hematoma and its confinement within the extracapsular compartment of the perirenal space. PMID- 6683283 TI - Computed tomography and ultrasound of retained placenta from abdominal pregnancy. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) and ultrasound findings in a case of retained placenta from an abdominal pregnancy are presented. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of CT findings in retained placenta of abdominal pregnancy. The complementary role of CT and ultrasound in managing this disorder are discussed. PMID- 6683284 TI - Intranuclear tonofilament-like filaments in skin carcinoma. AB - Electron microscopical investigations of untreated solar keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, and Bowen carcinoma showed intranuclear bundles of intermediate filaments in suprabasal keratinocytes. We found evidence that the filaments are incorporated into the nucleus during atypical mitosis. PMID- 6683285 TI - Angled interventricular septum on echocardiography: anatomic anomaly or technical artifact? AB - An acutely angled interventricular septum has been reported to constitute a distinct two-dimensional echocardiographic geometric pattern that may permit a false M-mode echocardiographic recording of asymmetric septal hypertrophy. In light of experience suggesting that the angle between the aortic root and interventricular septum varied with the intercostal space of the transducer, 45 subjects were prospectively studied by two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography. Parasternal long- and short-axis views were obtained from two to four intercostal spaces in each subject. Two-dimensional echographic cursor generated M-mode echocardiograms were obtained from the long-axis views; interventricular septal and left ventricular posterior wall thickness was measured from both the two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiograms. On two dimensional echocardiography, the angle between the aortic root and septum became more acute as a progressively lower intercostal space was used (p less than 0.001). Although no change in septal thickness was apparent, the septal thickness significantly increased as a progressively lower intercostal space was used. On M mode echocardiography, 21 subjects (47%) demonstrated asymmetric septal hypertrophy (septal/posterior wall thickness ratio greater than 1.3) from at least one intercostal space, but this was confirmed by the two-dimensional technique in only 4 subjects (9%). Thus, a two-dimensional echocardiographic recording of an angled interventricular septum can be produced by positioning the transducer in a low intercostal space, and caution must be used in the interpretation of asymmetric septal hypertrophy on M-mode echocardiograms. Two dimensional echocardiography is a useful means of identifying subjects with apparent asymmetric septal hypertrophy that often may be the result of a technical artifact. PMID- 6683286 TI - Anomalous papillary muscle insertion contributing to obstruction in discrete subaortic stenosis. AB - A case of discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis with anomalous insertion of a papillary muscle to the base of the anterior mitral valve leaflet and continuous with the discrete subaortic stenosis is described. Two-dimensional echocardiographic and pathologic data showing the contribution of the anomalous papillary muscle to left ventricular outflow tract obstruction are presented. PMID- 6683287 TI - Plantar verrucae in identical twins. A case report. PMID- 6683288 TI - [Argon laser iridotomy in closed-angle glaucoma. Apropos of 160 cases]. PMID- 6683289 TI - Binding capacity of testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin (TeBG), total and calculated unbound concentrations of testosterone in patients with carcinoma of the prostate treated with orchidectomy or estrogens. AB - Testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin (TeBG) binding capacity, total estradiol 17 beta and total testosterone were measured in patients with carcinoma of the prostate treated with orchidectomy or estrogens. Comparisons were made with a control group. There was a significant increase in TeBG binding capacity in the group treated with estrogens. Both orchidectomy and estrogen-treatment decreased total testosterone significantly and to the same degree. The concentration of free testosterone was calculated using a new method, and was found to be lower in orchidectomized and estrogen treated patients when compared with the control group. When the two groups under treatment were compared, the calculated free testosterone concentration was significantly lower in the estrogen treated group. PMID- 6683290 TI - Barrett esophagus in sexagenarian identical twins. AB - Identical twins presented as sexagenarians with heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia; each had a Barrett esophagus remarkably similar to the other. This instance suggests a hereditary influence upon the development of mucosal dysplasia in some patients with this condition. PMID- 6683291 TI - Tuberculosis of mammary gland. PMID- 6683292 TI - [Current status of transpubic surgery of the posterior urethra]. AB - The transpubic approach is indicated for repair of complex stenoses of the posterior urethra, fundamental technical points being perineal mobilization of the anterior urethra, dissection of the intercrural septum, symphyseotomy, and direct anterior anastomosis of the two extremities of the urethra. Analysis of results in a personal series of 49 patients operated upon for posterior urethral stenosis showed that good results were obtained in 35 cases (71%), no postoperative endoscopic or surgical procedure being necessary. However, recurrence of the lesion was noted in 6 cases (12%), absolute incontinence following operation in 3 cases (6%), and relative incontinence in 5 cases (10%). Postoperative sexual disorders developed in 11 adults, 8 of these reporting various types of erection difficulties. PMID- 6683293 TI - [Correlation between the movement of trophoblast cells invading the implantation site and the microfilament system--with special reference to the nidation site on day 15 post-coitus]. AB - Trophoblast cells invading into decidual tissue of implantation sites of 21 cases in early stage of gestation were morphologically studied in order to clarify the correlation between integrity of the microfilament system and the various biological statuses. Especially, trophoblast cells of ovum at 15 day post coitus were mainly analyzed, since the migrating direction of the cells could be easily identified. 1. Syncytiotrophoblast cells migrating to maternal vessel were in slender shape toward the vessel. Thin and thick filaments connecting to dense body in tip of the cell run parallel with the cell axis. Thus, it is suggested that trophoblast cell migrates in decidual tissue by the joint work of its own actin and myosin in the tip of the cell. 2. Trophoblast cells making close contact with maternal cell such as endothelial cell, decidual cell and gland cell were relatively stable. The cells mainly put into action to project the cytoplasmic processes by thin filament, beneath the cytomembrane, running parallel with the cytomembrane and by thin filament, in the cytoplasmic process, running parallel with the axis of the cytoplasmic process in order to exchange information with maternal cell or to destroy the maternal cell. PMID- 6683294 TI - [A study of temperature sensitivity of choriocarcinoma cells in vitro--their cell proliferation and morphology in hyperthermic environment]. AB - The possibility of hyperthermic therapy for choriocarcinoma was fundamentally analyzed in an in vitro study. The temperature sensitivity of choriocarcinoma cells designated GCH-nu-YS clone was examined using a severely controlled temperature gradient incubator (T.G.I.). The cells were placed into an atmosphere at various temperatures (37.0-41.2 degrees C) for about 2 weeks and the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was chronologically investigated in addition to degenerative changes in cellular morphology. When the temperature was not higher than 39.2 degrees C the proliferation of YS clone was nearly the same as that of the cells cultured at 37.0 degrees C. Proliferation at 39.5-39.6 degrees C, however, was slightly inhibited. And when cultured at over 39.9 degrees C, it was markedly inhibited. Above 40.4 degrees C, cell proliferation was impossible, thus resulting in destruction of the cells. These data suggest that the temperature upper limit for viability (TLV) is approximately 40.4-40.6 degrees C and the temperature upper limit for proliferation (TLP) is approximately 40.1-40.2 degrees C. When Okumura's method of classification according to temperature sensitivity is applied, the choriocarcinoma cells may be regarded as having the characteristics of adenocarcinoma. Morphological findings for cells treated at TLV revealed enlargement of the cytoplasm, an increase in the number of perinuclear granules and the appearance of deformed cells such as bizarre cells. PMID- 6683296 TI - Sarcoma botryoides (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma). PMID- 6683295 TI - Tympanosclerosis of the drum in secretory otitis after insertion of grommets. A prospective, comparative study. AB - In 193 consecutive children with bilateral secretory otitis, intubation and adenoidectomy were performed on the right ear and paracentesis on the left. Changes in the ear drum were analysed at re-evaluation one to three years after operation. In ears that had been intubated, tympanosclerosis occurred significantly more frequently (48 per cent) than in ears that had not been intubated (10 per cent). The frequency of atrophy of the pars tensa was the same. Of the right ears, 10 per cent were re-intubated, compared with 23 per cent of the left ears. The cause of the increased frequency of tympanosclerosis in the intubated ears must be mechanical, as decreased movements of the drum with inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia impede spontaneous normalization and promote hyalinization and calcification. The hearing was found to be similar in ears with and without tympanosclerosis. PMID- 6683297 TI - Effects of [1-(3-mercaptopropanoic acid)]-vasopressin and -vasotocin on the pro oestrous progesterone surge and ovulation in immature female rats. AB - The desamino analogues of arginine-vasotocin (dAVT) and arginine-vasopressin (dAVP), when administered on the afternoon of pro-oestrus to immature female rats primed with pregnant mare serum, blocked the preovulatory progesterone surge and inhibited ovulation. Statistical analysis revealed no difference in the potency of the two compounds. At a dosage of 2.0 micrograms, dAVT and dAVP yielded a 70 and 87% block of ovulation respectively. Simultaneous administration of dAVT and the antipressor compound [1-deaminopenicillamine-4-valine-8-D-arginine] vasopressin had no statistically significant inhibitory effect when compared with saline-treated controls. These data suggest that the inhibitory effects of dAVT and dAVP on the progesterone surge and subsequent ovulation are mediated through receptor sites similar to those mediating the pressor actions of the parent hormones. PMID- 6683298 TI - Melatonin can induce early onset of the breeding season in ewes. AB - Patterns of plasma melatonin, similar in the duration of high levels to those found in winter, were induced in Suffolk-cross ewes kept in summer light (16 h light: 8 h darkness) by daily oral administration of melatonin (3 mg/13 mumol). The onset of oestrous cycles in these sheep occurred in August, 2-8 weeks before the onset of oestrous cycles in untreated ewes kept in natural light. The onset of oestrous cycles in a further group of ewes kept in winter light (8 h light: 16 h darkness) from mid-June was indistinguishable from that of the melatonin treated ewes. Rams were excluded from the premises. These data indicate that melatonin alone in physiological quantities is sufficient to induce early onset of the breeding season in the ewe, and provide strong evidence for a hormonal role of melatonin in a short-day breeder. PMID- 6683299 TI - Effects of oestradiol benzoate and progesterone on luteinizing hormone release and catecholamine turnover in the preoptic-hypothalamic brain area of ovariectomized rats. AB - At noon, long-term (4-6 weeks) ovariectomized rats were exposed for 6-78 h to a single subcutaneous injection of oestradiol benzoate (20 micrograms) which significantly reduced the serum levels of LH over the whole time-interval investigated. The negative feedback action of oestradiol was accompanied by reduced turnover of both noradrenaline and dopamine in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic brain area (POAH), but not in the mediobasal hypothalamus, 6, 68 and 72 h after administration of the hormone. Between 72 and 78 h after oestradiol priming an afternoon increase of noradrenaline turnover was observed in the POAH. In rats primed with oestradiol benzoate for 72 h, short-term exposure (6 h) to progesterone (2.5 mg) induced a marked surge of serum LH and FSH in the late afternoon. In the POAH of these rats progesterone did not interfere with the afternoon increase of noradrenaline turnover induced by oestradiol-priming. However, it markedly increased the dopamine turnover rate of primed rats, thus reversing the inhibitory action of oestradiol benzoate on the dopaminergic system of the POAH. It is concluded that both the noradrenergic and the dopaminergic neurones of the POAH are involved in the negative and positive feedback actions of oestradiol and progesterone on LH and FSH release. The paper discusses whether the oestradiol-induced afternoon increase in noradrenaline turnover represents a prerequisite for the induction of LH surges by progesterone. PMID- 6683300 TI - An investigation of diurnal and cyclic changes in the secretion of luteinizing hormone in the domestic hen. AB - The characteristics of the diurnal rhythm in the concentration of LH in plasma of the domestic hen varied according to age and duration of photoperiod. A pronounced increase in LH was observed at the onset of darkness in immature hens whether maintained on schedules of 16 h light: 8 h darkness (16L:8D) or 8L:16D. During weeks 4.5-15 or -17.5 raised concentrations of LH were maintained until 6 and 12 h after the onset of darkness in hens held on 16L:8D and 8L:16D respectively. By 19 weeks of age the diurnal rhythm of LH secretion had changed to resemble more closely that observed in the laying hen. An increase in the concentration of LH in plasma at the onset of darkness was of comparatively short duration and gave way, within 2-3 h, to a steep decline before a further slight increase in LH, which tended to occur at 11-14 h after the onset of darkness. Superimposed on this diurnal rhythm of LH secretion in the laying hen were a one- to threefold increase in the concentration of LH during 8-4 h before ovulation and a much less pronounced increase in LH during 0-8 h after ovulation. The pattern of changes in the concentration of LH in plasma during the ovulatory cycle was not modified by the repeated withdrawal of blood at intervals of 2 h. PMID- 6683301 TI - Premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 6683302 TI - Spontaneous live birth with a maternal history of intravenous use of pentazocine and tripelennamine (T's and blues). AB - A 24-year-old black female presented a live birth of six-months gestation. The 700-g neonate survived for 11 h. After toxicology revealed the presence of pentazocine and tripelennamine (T's and Blues), the mother admitted to using this combination intravenously 9 h previous to admission. Concentrations of pentazocine and tripelennamine were simultaneously determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) combined with nitrogen selective detection. Analyses were performed on a 3% OV-101 column, with the added internal standard, dexbrompheniramine. Both pentazocine and tripelennamine were qualitatively confirmed by their electron impact mass spectra. Concentrations of pentazocine and tripelennamine in various fluids and tissues were determined. PMID- 6683303 TI - The significance of dural supply of central nervous system lesions. PMID- 6683304 TI - Report of the American Medical Association Council on Scientific Affairs: Calcium channel blocking agents. PMID- 6683305 TI - Ultrastructural features of carcinomas induced in nude mice by the inoculation of human oesophageal carcinoma cell lines. AB - Thirty tumours induced in athymic mice by the inoculation of cells of human oesophageal carcinoma lines were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy, as were 24 cell strains derived from the mouse tumours. All tumours were carcinomas and displayed varying numbers of desmosomes and tonofilaments. Cytoplasmic organelles resembled those in human oesophageal carcinomas in vivo and marker structures such as intranuclear particles persisted in cells grown in nude mice and in vitro. As the nude mouse carcinomas displayed similarities both to one another and to human carcinomas in situ, the nude mouse xenograft system may become a useful model for further studies on tumour biology. PMID- 6683306 TI - Augmentation of host's immunity by combined cryodestruction of sarcoma 180 and administration of protein-bound polysaccharide, EA6, isolated from Flammulina velutipes (Curt. ex Fr.) Sing. in ICR mice. AB - Augmentation of the host's immunity by combined in situ freeze-destruction of the tumor (cryosurgery) and administration of the antitumor active protein-bound polysaccharide, EA6, isolated from a hot water extract of an edible mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Curt. ex Fr.) Sing., was investigated in sarcoma 180 bearing ICR mice. Oral administration (p.o.) of the EA6 stimulated anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) IgM antibody-producing activity of the spleen cells, and also delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) against SRBC in swelling of the foot pads of the tumor-bearing hosts. When EA6 p.o. was combined with cryosurgery, further augmentation of IgM-producing activity and DTH reaction to SRBC was recognized as compared with the EA6 single use. But the reticuloendothelial system of the mice, estimated by carbon clearance test, was not activated by EA6 p.o. or combined with cryosurgery. PMID- 6683307 TI - Intensification of antitumor-immunity by protein-bound polysaccharide, EA6, derived from Flammulina velutipes (Curt. ex Fr.) Sing. combined with murine leukemia L1210 vaccine in animal experiments. AB - The antitumor effect of protein-bound polysaccharide, EA6, derived from fruit bodies of Flammulina velutipes (Curt. ex Fr.) Sing., when combined with a vaccine treatment was studied by the challenge test in BDF1 mice and L1210 murine leukemia system. Intensification of the antitumor effect of EA6 was dependent on doses, timing, and frequency of intraperitoneal administration of the material to the immunization by concanavalin A and/or glutaraldehyde treated L1210 vaccine. Administration of EA6 prior to the injection of the vaccine, or repeated injection of more than 4 times did not increase the life span of the animals. But when EA6 was given (40 mg/kg) after the injection of the vaccine, marked prolongation of the life span (ILS of 223%) was observed against challenging of 1 x 10(2) cells of L1210. Combined treatment of EA6 with vaccine exhibited prolonged ILS in the mice challenged with 1 x 10(3) cells of L1210. The specific immunity for L1210 induced by the vaccine was not affected by EA6. PMID- 6683309 TI - Prodrugs of 6-thiopurines: enhanced delivery through the skin. AB - Soft-alkylated derivatives of 6-mercaptopurine, its riboside, and 2-amino-6 mercaptopurine riboside have been prepared and evaluated to improve the delivery of the thiopurines through the skin. The soft-alkylated derivatives were prepared by the alkylation of the thiopurines with acylheteroalkyl halides under neutral or basic conditions. The penetration of the derivatives through hairless mouse skin was measured using diffusion cells. All of the derivatives underwent extensive degradation during their diffusion through skin so that the parent thiopurine, even in the case of the ribosides, was the major product observed in the receptor phase. The pivaloyloxymethyl derivatives showed the greatest potential for enhancing the penetration of the thiopurines through the skin. Among the 6-mercaptopurine derivatives, VII and XI were the most effective; they delivered 5 and 13 times, respectively, more 6-mercaptopurine than 6 mercaptopurine itself. PMID- 6683308 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of cisplatin. AB - The retention behavior of cisplatin on a variety of stationary phases has been investigated using aqueous mobile phases modified by the addition of various electrolytes and methanol. Cisplatin is poorly retained on reverse-phase or silica columns but satisfactorily retained on chemically bonded or solvent generated anion exchangers. The retention of the neutral complex on positively charged stationary phases is explained in terms of ion-dipole interactions and rationalized by the application of solvophobic theory. The use of solvent generated anion exchangers for the analysis of cisplatin offers significant advantages over the chemically bonded system in terms of peak shape, column efficiency, and stability. By the use of column switching and off-line atomic absorption, solvent-generated anion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is applicable to the determination of cisplatin in urine. PMID- 6683310 TI - Comparison of effects of diazepam on barbiturate and on ethanol withdrawal. PMID- 6683311 TI - Sleep suppressant action of fenfluramine in rats. I. Relation to postsynaptic serotonergic stimulation. AB - The effects of fenfluramine, an indirect serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist, on sleep and brain indole- and catecholamines were examined in rats. Animals implanted with cerebrocortical and dorsal neck muscle electrodes were continuously monitored by the EEG for 12 hr after i.p. injections of dl fenfluramine hydrochloride (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg). Fenfluramine produced a dose dependent suppression of both slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS). Accompanying these effects was a dose-dependent increase in head-shaking, a behavior associated with activation of central 5-HT receptors. The incidence of head-shaking was inversely related to SWS and REMS time. At doses which significantly suppressed sleep (5 and 10 mg/kg), fenfluramine lowered whole brain 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations without affecting brain catecholamines. Pretreatment with metergoline (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg i.p.), a 5-HT receptor antagonist, 1 hr before the administration of fenfluramine (5 mg/kg) blocked the fenfluramine-induced suppression of SWS in a dose-dependent manner and prevented head-shaking behavior, but failed to prevent the suppression of REMS. In contrast, pretreatment with alpha-flupenthixol (0.2 mg/kg i.p.), a dopamine receptor antagonist, had no effect on the suppression of sleep and the stimulation of head-shaking behavior produced by fenfluramine. These data suggest that the suppression of SWS but not of REMS by fenfluramine is mediated by activation of the serotonergic system. The increase in serotonergic activity produced by fenfluramine may result from the drug-induced release of 5-HT with subsequent stimulation of postsynaptic 5-HT receptors. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that pharmacological stimulation of 5-HT receptors suppresses sleep in the rat. PMID- 6683312 TI - Experimental induction of benzodiazepine tolerance and physical dependence. AB - To initiate studies of benzodiazepine tolerance and physical dependence, a reproducible animal model has been developed utilizing chlordiazepoxide in rats. Based on the "chronically equivalent" dosing principle, a regimen has been devised to maintain rats in a state of quantifiable intoxication for 5 weeks. Chlordiazepoxide was delivered intragastrically on a b.i.d. basis in doses individually adjusted day-to-day and animal-to-animal to produce an equivalent impairment of motor function evaluated by a gross neurological screen. Quantitative analysis of central nervous system depression ratings during the time of peak effect (4 hr postdose) confirmed that the criterion of chronic equivalence was indeed met. Over the 5-week period of repeated dosing, tolerance was reflected in a 5-fold increase in maintenance dose, from 163.3 mg/kg on day 2 to 839.3 mg/kg on day 35. Tolerance developed more rapidly during the first 9 to 10 days, but continued to develop thereafter more slowly without apparent ceiling. Upon abrupt withdrawal, a syndrome of hyperexcitation developed. Signs included twitches, tremors, muscle hypertonus, arched back, piloerection, myoclonic jerks, augmented struggle and vocalization upon handling, increased startle response, tail erection, teeth chatter, blanched ears and weight loss. No spontaneous convulsions occurred. Latency to onset of withdrawal ranged from 2 to 5 days, and signs peaked in intensity in 8 days and disappeared by 14 days posttreatment. This animal model appears to provide a useful tool for the study of specific mechanisms underlying benzodiazepine tolerance and physical dependence. PMID- 6683313 TI - Effects of individual variations in drug elimination kinetics for production of pentobarbital physical dependence. AB - Many studies have suggested the importance of the rate of drug elimination in the development of pharmacodynamic tolerance and physical dependence to sedative hypnotics. However, these studies usually compared drugs whose pharmacokinetic properties differed widely, e.g., short- vs. long-acting barbiturates. Accordingly, we investigated the relationship between individual variations in the rate of elimination of a single drug, pentobarbital, and the severity of physical dependence which developed during chronic pentobarbital administration. Animals were treated with Na pentobarbital according to the "maximally tolerable" dosing schedule described previously, twice a day for 35 days, and abruptly withdrawn. The relationship between chronic treatment variables (doses and blood concentrations of pentobarbital, peak and residual central nervous system depression scores), elimination half-lives and withdrawal intensity were explored. Withdrawal intensity was evaluated as overall withdrawal intensity ratings, the number and types of spontaneous withdrawal convulsions and lethality. Individual variations in the drug elimination half-lives related significantly to the severity of physical dependence produced by pentobarbital: the longer half-life, the more intense the production of physical dependence by pentobarbital. PMID- 6683314 TI - The contracture produced by sodium removal in the non-pregnant rat myometrium. AB - 1. Mechanical responses to Na removal were investigated in the circular and longitudinal muscles of the non-pregnant rat myometrium at 35 degrees C. In both muscles, reduction of the external Na concentration to less than 20 mM produced an initial acceleration of phasic contractions and a sustained tonic contracture. No difference was found with different Na substitutes (Tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane, choline, dimethyl diethanol ammonium). However, when Mg was substituted for Na, only the tonic contracture was produced without the phasic contractions. 2. Readmission of 5-10 mM-Na, after exposure to Na-free solution, relaxed the contracture produced by Na removal. The degree of relaxation was dependent on the Na concentration readmitted and on the period of pre-treatment with Na-free solution, being stronger with longer pre-treatment. 3. In the presence of Na, excess Ca failed to increase the muscle tone. In the absence of Na, the tension development was closely related to the external Ca concentration up to 20 mM. In the absence of both Ca and Na, some tension remained. Even after pre-treatment with Ca-free solution containing 0.1-0.5 mM EGTA, removal of Na caused some mechanical response. A similar small tension development was observed when Na removal was repeated during prolonged absence of external Ca for more than 3 h. 4. Verapamil (2 X 10(-4) M) markedly suppressed the response to Na removal, but it did not block it, either in the presence or in the absence of Ca. Ouabain (10(-3) M) in the presence of verapamil potentiated the early phasic component of the response to Na removal, but the tonic component was little affected or even slightly reduced. 5. The results indicate that there are three components in the mechanical response to Na removal: the phasic and tonic components, which are highly Ca-dependent, and the third small tonic component, which is independent of external Ca. Most of the phasic and tonic responses seem to be due to an increase in Ca permeability, but this may be secondary to membrane depolarization. A Na-Ca exchange mechanism is also considered to contribute to the transient phase of the response to Na removal and to Na readmission. PMID- 6683315 TI - Affective and physiological sexual response patterns: the effects of instructions on sexually functional and dysfunctional men. AB - To more clearly characterize the patterns of cognitive-affective and physiological responses concomitant with male sexual dysfunction, the present study compared 14 sexually dysfunctional and 16 sexually functional men. All individuals listened to two sexually explicit tapes and engaged in a self generated fantasy, while genital, heart rate and scaled cognitive affective responses were recorded. Two types of instructions, a performance demand set and a non-demand sensate focus set, preceded the erotic tapes in counterbalanced order. As predicted, dysfunctional men showed less genital tumescence to tapes preceded by the demand than the non-demand instructions. Contrary to expectation, functional men showed greater penile tumescence to the tapes preceded by demand instructions. Self-reported sexual arousal did not follow the penile tumescence pattern but instead indicated that the dysfunctional sample was significantly less subjectively aroused to the tapes and fantasy. There were other significant differences between the groups. Dysfunctional men showed greater general psychological distress, as measured by the SCL-90, including elevated somaticism, anxiety and depression scores. During the experimental session, dysfunctional men also evidenced greater awareness of a variety of physiological responses, as well as more negative and fewer positive cognitive-affective states. These data are discussed in terms of the interaction of affective and physiological responses, differences in contextual meanings of instructional sets given the presence of a dysfunction, and theoretical and clinical conceptualizations of male sexual functioning. PMID- 6683316 TI - Varicocele in the female. PMID- 6683317 TI - Ovulation rate in induced oestrous cycles of anoestrous ewes given bromocriptine. AB - The suppression of prolactin in anoestrous ewes by daily injections of bromocriptine reduced the average number of corpora lutea on Day 8 after induced oestrus from 2.8 to 1.6 (P less than 0.02). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.87, P less than 0.05) between the preovulatory peak values for prolactin and ovulation rate in treated but not in control ewes. Bromocriptine failed to prevent the ewes from returning to anoestrus after the induced oestrus. PMID- 6683318 TI - Studies on the vaginal plug of the Japanese greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon. AB - The vaginal plug of the Japanese greater horseshoe bat is composed of an outer, thick, hard and homogeneous layer originating from the stratum disjunctum of the vaginal mucosa and a thin, soft and opaque central core containing accidentally trapped dead spermatozoa. The vaginal plug appeared to be expelled just before or after ovulation in spring. Immediately after copulation in autumn, uterine spermatozoa were dead but few leucocytes were present. As time passes after copulation, however, the infiltration of leucocytes into the uterus increased gradually, and extensive leucocytic phagocytosis of dead spermatozoa occurred during hibernation. PMID- 6683319 TI - Effect of various proteinase inhibitors on ovulation of explanted hamster ovaries. AB - Hamster ovaries explanted at 21:00-24:00 h on the day of pro-oestrus were incubated with microbial proteinase inhibitors until 10:30 h on the next morning and the ovulatory blocking effect of these inhibitors was examined. Amongst 11 proteinase inhibitors examined, talopeptin, a specific inhibitor for metallo proteinases, and alpha-MAPI, a specific inhibitor for serine and thiol proteinases, were the strongest blockers. These 2 inhibitors exhibited a chronological discrepancy in their blocking effect on ovulation. S-SI, plasminostreptin, elastatinal, antipain and chymostatin, which are inhibitors for serine proteinases, partly but significantly inhibited ovulation. The results suggest that, in addition to a metallo-proteinase reported previously, a proteinase which is sensitive to alpha-MAPI is essential for the ovulatory process, and that serine proteinase(s) also participate in ovulation of the hamster ovary. PMID- 6683320 TI - The polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - Much is known about the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO). The key clinical features are inappropriate gonadotropin secretion, altered production rates, binding and metabolism of steroids and androgen excess, all resulting in defeminization, anovulatory infertility, obesity and endometrial hyperplasia. Management should be based on the patient's reproductive goals. Adjunct measures can control hirsutism. PMID- 6683321 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in pregnancy. PMID- 6683322 TI - Anticoccidial activity of 1-phenyluracils. AB - The minimum effective concentration (MEC) of 6-azauracil against Eimeria tenella when incorporated in feed is about 1000 ppm. Attachment of suitably substituted phenyl side chains at the 1-position reduces the MEC to less than 1 ppm. Uracil itself is devoid of anticoccidial activity, but side chains attached at the 1 position potentiate uracil and result in activity against E. tenella. Although effective at levels as low as 60 ppm, the 1-phenyluracils are less active than the corresponding 1-phenyl-6-azauracils. They also are less acidic. PMID- 6683323 TI - Cardiac Purkinje cells in culture. AB - Purkinje cells from false tendons of young rabbits, pigs and fetal lambs were dispersed by the action of collagenase and elastase and grown in culture for up to 14 days. Immunofluorescent staining with fluorescein-labelled antibodies to cardiac myosin and tropomyosin demonstrated cross-banding and/or a diffuse positive stain in Purkinje cells between 3 and 7 days in culture. Electron microscopy of cultured Purkinje cells at 3 days and 7 days revealed some disorganization of the myofilament system, in particular loss of Z-band material, as well as many thickened Z-bands, 120 nm to 240 nm in width. Gap junctions remained but desmosomes and fasciae adherentes were fewer in number. Organelles such as ribosomes, glycogen and mitochondria did not alter. Some Purkinje cells were spontaneously contractile in culture for up to seven days. Dominguez and Fozzard [7] propose that buckling of the Purkinje fibre and the production of sarcolemmal folds on the cell surface affect conduction of electrical impulses. We suggest that Purkinje cell contraction may play a major part in producing these geometric changes affecting conduction. PMID- 6683324 TI - The role of the cytoskeleton during oriented microfibril deposition. I. Elucidation of the possible interaction between microtubules and cellulose synthetic complexes. AB - A detailed analysis of changes in the cytoskeletal organization during cell elongation and oriented microfibril deposition has been done in the four plant species, clover (Trifolium repens), radish (Raphanus sativus), corn (Zea mays), and sorghum (Sorghum vulgare). Microtubules of variable lengths were found in all the cells examined. Some grouping of microtubules was observed with inter microtubule distances ranging from 14 to 40 nm. Single microfilaments were often observed between parallel microtubules. During cell elongation, microtubule frequency (No./microns) was maintained, thus indicating that microtubules must be formed continuously. The parallel orientation of wall microfibrils is disrupted as they deviate around plasmodesmata and pit-fields; however the cortical microtubules, thought to be influencing microfibril orientation, exhibit no consistent deviation around pit-fields. These observations are used to argue that cortical microtubules cannot influence microfibril orientation through a direct association with cellulose synthetic complexes via microtubule cross bridges. PMID- 6683325 TI - Factors that influence the incidence of detrusor instability in women. AB - Detrusor instability was examined in 108 women with urinary incontinence. The presence of instability correlated with the symptoms of urge incontinence in 81 of 99 patients. The technique of the cystometrogram also proved important and minor variations significantly altered the incidence. Finally, there seems to be a significant correlation between reduced urethral closure as measured by the urethral pressure profile and instability, suggestive of a causal relationship. An understanding of the factors that affect the incidence of detrusor instability will help to place it in the right perspective in terms of its diagnostic value and pathogenesis. PMID- 6683326 TI - Familial occurrence of testicular neoplasia: case report of testicular seminoma in father and son. AB - We report the seventh case of father-son testicular neoplasia and only the second instance in which both family members had identical tumors. PMID- 6683327 TI - Division of the external urethral sphincter and potency in spinal cord injury patients. AB - Endoscopic biopsy of the external urethral sphincter (internal membranous urethrotomy) was used first in England in 1956. A total of 258 patients underwent this operation for relief of outflow obstruction in the neuropathic bladder between 1956 and 1975. Recently, reports of postoperative impotence had appeared in the literature. A prospective study of 160 men undergoing division of the external urethral sphincter between 1975 and 1981 was done to determine if there was any effect on sexual function and to reassess the long-term results of the operation. Impotence has not been documented in any of these 418 patients. This study confirms previous reports on the reliability and simplicity of the operation. PMID- 6683328 TI - Testicular neoplasm in identical twins. A case report. PMID- 6683329 TI - A statement by the ASPEN Board of Directors: Malnutrition in hospitalized patients. PMID- 6683330 TI - Gluconeogenesis and nitrogen loss after stomach resection. AB - The relationship between gluconeogenesis from alanine and nitrogen balance after stomach resection was investigated in 13 patients. Partial stomach resection was done in eight patients and total stomach resection was done in five patients. Alanine turnover, carbon flux from alanine to glucose, and glucose turnover were determined by tracer methodology, using the single injection of [U-14C]alanine and [2-3H]glucose. The patients were divided in two groups according to the quantity of administered glucose. Six patients with partial stomach resection received 2.1 to 2.8 g glucose . kg-1 . day-1 and 0.07 to 0.09 g nitrogen . kg-1 . day-1, amounting to 11 to 13 kcal . kg-1 . day-1 (group 1). In group 2 the subjects received 5.4 to 8.2 g glucose . kg-1 . day-1 and 0.12 to 0.26 g nitrogen . kg-1 . day-1; five patients received also 1.2 to 1.8 g fat emulsion . kg-1 . day-1. Total caloric supply was 28 to 60 kcal . kg-1 . day-1. In group 1 the mean potential contribution of gluconeogenesis from alanine to nitrogen loss was between 31 and 67%; in group 2 this contribution was at least 7 to 63%. No correlation was found between nitrogen balance and carbon flux from alanine to glucose. A significant correlation (p less than 0.001) was found between nitrogen balance and, respectively, nitrogen intake and caloric supply. These results suggest that not gluconeogenesis from alanine but nitrogen and caloric demand are major factors influencing nitrogen balance after stomach resection. PMID- 6683331 TI - Nonlinear kinetic analysis of the elimination of lipid emulsion administered intravenously to dogs. AB - A model based on a Michaelis-Menten nonlinear kinetic approach was used to analyze the kinetics of elimination of an intravenously infused lipid emulsion in the dog. The emulsion was administered at doses of 0.3, 3, or 6 g of lipid/kg of body weight. The model was applicable to all data regardless of the kinetic order of the elimination process operating. This can be either zero (linear), mixed, or first order (exponential). Furthermore, it was also found that parameters derived with the model can be used to predict the kinetics of elimination at different dosages. However, it was also shown that elimination parameters for a single bolus dose of lipid emulsion cannot be used to predict the manner in which a continuously infused dose will be eliminated. PMID- 6683332 TI - Triglyceride and fatty acid clearance in neonates following safflower oil emulsion infusion. AB - Fifteen neonates requiring parenteral nutrition with lipid emulsion were given a 1.0 g/kg dose of safflower oil emulsion to evaluate triglyceride (TGY) and free fatty acid clearance. The dose was infused intravenously over 4 hr, and serum was obtained at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hr. Peak serum TGY averaged 592 mg/dl for the appropriate for gestational age newborns and 606 mg/dl for the small for gestational age babies. The small for gestational age neonates had significantly higher serum free fatty acids at 2 and 4 hr into the infusion than did the appropriate for gestational age infants. Peak serum free fatty acids ranged from 0.915 to 3.233 mM in the appropriate for gestational age babies and 2.518 to 3.586 mM in the small for gestational age infants. In contrast to previous work with soybean oil emulsion, we did not demonstrate differences in TGY clearance between small for gestational age and appropriate for gestational age neonates and did demonstrate a markedly elevated serum TGY in these critically ill newborns. Serum TGY and free fatty acids must be monitored in newborns administered intravenous fat emulsion to avoid the complications of iatrogenic hyperlipemia. PMID- 6683333 TI - The effects of intravenous administration of 10% travamulsion fat emulsion to beagle dogs for 91 consecutive days. AB - The tolerance of 10% Travamulsion Intravenous Fat Emulsion (Travenol Laboratories, Inc., Deerfield, IL) was studied using beagle dogs. Physiological (0.9%) saline, USP, was used as the control, and Intralipid 10% Fat Emulsion (Vitrum, Sweden) as the reference article. The emulsions were administered intravenously to each of 10 animals for 91 days at a dosage of 40 ml (approximately 4 g)/kg of body weight/day. The saline was administered to 10 animals at 40 ml/kg/day. On day 92, 7 of the 10 animals in each group were necropsied. The remainder were observed and necropsied at approximately day 160. Toxicity was assessed on the basis of animal survival; changes in body weight, hematology, and serum chemistry; gross pathology; and histopathology. The results obtained for the Travenol emulsion correlated well with those for the Vitrum emulsion. The emulsions were well tolerated and they did not produce any major clinical signs of toxicity. All animals survived and gained weight. The Travenol emulsion administered provided about 45% of the total caloric requirement of the dog which is equal to an often used clinical dose. However, the emulsion was infused at six times the indicated clinical rate. Thus, in addition to demonstrating the similarity of Travenol and Vitrum emulsions, the results of this study indicate that the Travenol emulsion is safe for prolonged administration. PMID- 6683334 TI - Estimation of fecal nitrogen in patients with liver disease. AB - The use of a fecal nitrogen (FN) predictive equation (Am J Clin Nutr 1978; 31:12 22, Cheng) based on dietary nitrogen intake (Nin) [FN (mg/kg/day) = 10.817 + 0.03 Nin(mg/kg/day)] was evaluated in patients with liver disease with and without concomitant lactulose therapy. Ten male cirrhotics were studied in 27 3-day nitrogen balance studies including measured daily total urinary nitrogen, total FN, and Nin calculated from weighted food records. The Cheng formula accurately predicted FN in cirrhotics not receiving lactulose who demonstrated normal digestion and absorption of dietary protein. However, the formula did not accurately reflect FN excretion in patients receiving lactulose who showed impaired protein digestibility and significantly increased fecal weight. The Cheng predictive equation is a useful index of FN excretion in patients with liver disease whose digestive and absorptive capacities are not compromised by exogenous factors. PMID- 6683335 TI - Riboflavin enhances photo-oxidation of amino acids under simulated clinical conditions. AB - In neonatal nurseries, solutions of amino acids with added vitamins may be exposed to relatively intense light from phototherapy units. Light, especially in the presence of photosensitizers such as certain vitamins, is capable of destroying amino acids. In the present study, the effect of riboflavin on amino acid concentrations in solutions exposed to light was studied. Solutions of crystalline amino acids with and without added riboflavin were infused into shielded collecting vessels for 24 hr under conditions simulating those occurring during phototherapy. Decreases in concentrations of some amino acids were observed with light exposure alone. Decreases in concentrations of methionine, proline, tryptophan, and tyrosine were significantly greater in the presence of riboflavin that in its absence. Riboflavin concentrations were also significantly reduced after light exposure. Although the losses of amino acids are probably not nutritionally significant, the photo-oxidation products are largely unknown and may be toxic. PMID- 6683336 TI - An improved fine needle catheter introducing set for safer central vein cannulation. AB - The serious clinical complications of central venous catheterization are mostly due to laceration of vital thoracocervical structures by large caliber introducing needles. A new percutaneous sheath catheter introducing kit requiring only a 21-gauge needle for its introduction has been devised for the purpose of significantly reducing the incidence of life-threatening pneumothoraces and arterial injuries. PMID- 6683337 TI - Vitamin D requirements in VLBV. PMID- 6683338 TI - Modulation of the macrophage hepatocytotoxicity and plasminogen activator activity of activated macrophages from guinea pigs by serum components from normal human and patients with liver diseases. AB - Activated macrophages (m phi) exhibited cytotoxic effects on isolated liver cells and produced plasminogen activator (PA) in vitro. A high molecular weight fraction of normal human serum (Fr-1) was shown to reduce the m phi-mediated hepatocytotoxicity and enhance the PA activity of activated m phi. Conversely, a lower molecular weight fraction of serum (Fr-3) was found to enhance the hepatotoxic potential and decrease the PA activity of activated m phi. Although similar effects were seen with serum fraction prepared from patients with acute hepatitis, somewhat different influences were observed with serum components from patients with chronic active hepatitis or liver cirrhosis: Fr-1 from patients with chronic active hepatitis was less active in reducing m phi-mediated hepatocytotoxicity, and and Fr-3 was more active in enhancing it, in comparison with fractions from individuals or patients with active hepatitis. Fr-3 from patients with liver cirrhosis was shown to be remarkably less active in enhancing m phi-mediated hepatocytotoxicity. Furthermore, Fr-1 from patients with liver cirrhosis reduced PA activity, Fr-3 was less active in decreasing such activity. These findings suggest that the serum components may regulate m phi-mediated hepatocytotoxicity as well as PA secretion of activated m phi. Our studies also suggested the possibility that relative doses of these serum components may differ in various pathological conditions of the liver. PMID- 6683339 TI - [Memory confinement versus generalization decrement on retrograde amnesia produced by cortical spreading depression]. AB - An examination of memory confinement vs. generalization decrement under unilateral cortical spreading depression was undertaken using a licking suppression to a tone previously paired with a shock. In Experiment I, rats that were trained and tested under normal cortical conditions showed an impairment of memory when KCl-induced depression was given to an unilateral hemisphere within 15 min after the training. In Experiment II, where rats were trained under normal cortical conditions followed by unilateral depression and tested under unilateral cortical depression, the degree of impairment was more severe when the test was performed under depression shifted to the other hemisphere than under depression to the same hemisphere. The results taken together support the memory confinement theory. PMID- 6683340 TI - [Indices of autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system during the development of hypertension]. AB - The development of essential hypertension is accompanied with vegetative shifts which differ in male and female patients. Male patients show simultaneous vegetative parasympathetic and adrenomedullary sympathoadrenal activation, while sympathetic neurogenic effects prevail considerably in females. Essential hypertension can be distinguished from symptomatic renal hypertension by a sharp change in vegetative reactivity and disrupted circadian rhythm of vegetative control as reflected in the sympathetic activity peak being shifted to evening and night hours. PMID- 6683341 TI - Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscin storage in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - The light and electron microscopical characteristics of non-age-related neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a young cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) are described. The pigment in the neuronal cytoplasm was PAS-positive, sudanophilic, weakly acid-fast, and positive with Schmorl's and aldehydefuchsin stains for lipofuscin. Ultra-structurally, it appeared as membrane-bound, electron-dense aggregates within the cytoplasm of neurones of both brain and spinal cord. PMID- 6683342 TI - Characterization of the increased estrogen synthesis in skin fibroblasts from the Sebright bantam. AB - We have utilized the Sebright bantam chicken as a model system to explore the regulation of estrogen formation in peripheral tissues. As the result of a gene mutation, Sebright males develop a female feathering pattern associated with an increase in estrogen synthesis in skin and in fibroblasts cultured from skin. To provide insight into the mechanisms by which estrogen synthesis is increased we examined several parameters of the aromatase reaction in homogenates from control ovaries, Sebright ovaries and fibroblasts grown from Sebright skin: the pH optima; the apparent Km's for testosterone, 19-nortestosterone, androstenedione, 16-hydroxyandrostenedione, and NADPH; the apparent Ki's for 4 hydroxyandrostenedione, aminoglutethimide, dehydroepiandrosterone, and 19 hydroxytestosterone; and the inactivation of the reaction by heating. No qualitative differences were identified in the enzyme from Sebright and control birds. PMID- 6683343 TI - Influence of a 9-double bond on stereospecific microbial 4,5-reductions. AB - By stereospecific microbial reduction with Rhodosporidium rubrum or Rhodotorula glutinis, 17 alpha-cyano-methyl-4-estren-17 beta-ol-3-one was metabolized to 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-5 alpha-estrane-3 beta,17 beta-diol (50%) and 17 alpha cyanomethyl-5 alpha-estrane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (30%). By Clostridium paraputrificum the same substrate was reduced stereospecifically to 17 alpha cyanomethyl-5 beta-estrane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (70%). When the corresponding 9 dehydrogenated compound 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-4,9-estradien-17 beta-ol-3-one (STS 557, a new progestagen) was fermented, yeasts failed in 5 alpha-reducing the 4 double bond. Still Clostridium paraputrificum formed the expected 5 beta-reduced metabolite 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-5 beta-estr-9-ene-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (60%). Structures were elucidated by n.m.r. and mass spectra and partly by circular dichroism. By oxidation of the metabolites, the corresponding 3-oxo compounds 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-5 alpha-estran-17 beta-ol-3-one, 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-5 beta estran-17 beta-ol-3-one and 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-5 beta-estr-9-en-17 beta-ol-3 one were prepared. The evident influence of the 9-double bond on reduction of the 4-en-3-oxo compound STS 557 preventing 5 alpha-reduction but permitting 5 beta reduction is discussed in view of the distinctly diminished metabolism of this progestagen in mammals. PMID- 6683344 TI - Further evidence for distinction between sex hormone-binding globulin and an androgen-binding protein in hydatidiform mole serum. AB - We further studied the androgen-binding protein (ABP) that we recently evidenced in the serum from two patients with hydatidiform mole [Ref. 4]. This protein was further shown to be distinct from the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) by concanavalin A and ion-exchange chromatographies, as well as spectrophotometric and kinetic studies. However, the ABP was shown to have a molecular weight and relative affinities for several steroids, similar to those of SHBG. Our results lead us to suppose that the ABP previously evidenced in molar vesicles and fluid [Ref. 5] is secreted in the serum. It is, however, likely that the secretion process alters the binding affinity of this protein. The presence of this additional binding component in the serum of patients with such trophoblastic tumours, may reduce severely the free 17 beta-hydroxyandrogens levels, as well as may help create a release gradient in the serum steroids buffer stores. PMID- 6683345 TI - Dynamics of SHBG response to testosterone. Implications upon the immediate biological effect of sex hormones. AB - The dynamics of the changes in serum concentrations of SHBG to variations in serum testosterone was studied in rabbits. Castration of male rabbits failed to produce changes in SHBG within 2 days but induced a significant increment 2 months later. Administration of 15 mg of testosterone to 5 male castrates produced a rapid decrease in SHBG concentrations from 215 +/- 121 nmol/l before, to 114 +/- 15, 6 h after (mean +/- SD), while 25 mg of the androgen barely changed SHBG levels in 5 females (from 81 +/- 26 to 72 +/- 22). Three of the males and the 5 females showed a tendency to recover basal levels at 24 and 48 h. Since SHBG is a major regulator of the availability of sex hormones to be transported into tissue cells for both biological action and degradation, the rapid changes in serum SHBG induced by testosterone might play a role in controlling its own biological effect. A decrease in SHBG will result in a more effective stimulation in androgen-responsive tissues, but it will also favor a faster interruption of the effect by increasing the rate of degradation. These androgen induced changes in SHBG are apparently different in male and females. PMID- 6683346 TI - [Tuberculosis of the breast]. PMID- 6683348 TI - [Triploidy in hydatid mole]. PMID- 6683347 TI - [Follow-ups after otitis media in primary care. Every fourth patient shows signs of otosalpingitis a month after acute otitis media]. PMID- 6683349 TI - [Discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis, an important factor in differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6683351 TI - The pentylenetetrazol model of anxiety detects withdrawal from diazepam in rats. AB - This experiment tested whether benzodiazepine withdrawal could be detected in an animal model of anxiety. Rats were trained in operant chambers using food reward to press one lever after pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), 20 mg/kg, injection and the other lever after saline injection. Previously, the PTZ cue has been shown to be simulated by anxiogenic drugs and blocked by anxiolytic drugs. After rats reliably performed this discrimination, they were injected with diazepam, 20 mg/kg, from 1 to 4 times a day for six days. For one group of subjects, on the third, fourth and sixth days, they were also injected with 40 mg/kg of RO 15 1788, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, and tested for lever selection: 50 80% of the subjects selected the PTZ lever; these results are in contrast to those obtained prior to chronic diazepam treatment in which RO 15-1788 did not generalize to PTZ. A second group of subjects was also injected for six days with diazepam and then allowed to withdraw spontaneously for eight days: PTZ lever selection over this period varied from 20 to 60% of rats. These data indicate that animals trained to discriminate a PTZ cue: 1) generalize the benzodiazepine withdrawal state to the PTZ cue, and 2) discriminate the withdrawal state for long periods of time, agreeing with clinical observations of long-lasting anxiety signs during benzodiazepine withdrawal. PMID- 6683353 TI - Asymmetric distribution of decanoate in triacylglycerol synthesized in vitro by mammary glands of lactating mice. AB - Slices, prepared from the mammary glands of lactating mice, were incubated with either [1-14C]acetate, [U-14C]glucose, or [1-14C]decanoate. From all 3 substrates, radioactivity in the synthesized lipids was found mainly in triacylglycerols (TG). When acetate or glucose served as substrate, decanoate (C10) accounted for 24% of the fatty acids in TG. Hydrolysis of the TG by pancreatic lipase yielded [14C] fatty acids which had relatively more C10 (38%) than did either of the other hydrolysis products mono- or diacylglycerol (14 17%). However, when TG produced by slices from C10 were hydrolyzed, the acid was found to be esterified equally at the C-1, C-2 and C-3 of glycerol. Thus, when fatty acids are synthesized de novo and are converted to TG by gland slices, C10 is predominantly located in the C-3 position, a finding in accord with the situation in milk TG, although such preferential incorporation does not occur when the free acid is presented to the tissue slices. PMID- 6683350 TI - Effect of forskolin on alterations of vascular permeability induced with bradykinin, prostaglandin E1, adenosine, histamine and carrageenin in rats. AB - The effect of the diterpene forskolin on vascular permeability alone and in combination with bradykinin, prostaglandin E1, adenosine or histamine has been investigated in rats. Vascular permeability in rat skin was measured using [125I] labelled bovine serum albumin ([125I]BSA) as a tracer. In addition, the effect of forskolin on footpad edema induced by the injection of a mixture of 2% carrageenin was determined. Forskolin caused a marked potentiation of the increase in vascular permeability in rat skin elicited by the intradermal injection of histamine or bradykinin. However, forskolin caused a significant suppression of the prostaglandin E1-induced vascular permeability response and at a low concentration suppressed the response to adenosine. Forskolin greatly potentiated the footpad edema induced with carrageenin in rats. Intravenous administration of the enzyme bromelain, which reduces plasma kininogen levels, inhibited the footpad edema induced with carrageenin or with a mixture of carrageenin and forskolin. Parenteral administration of a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin, suppressed the footpad edema induced with carrageenin, but did not inhibit the footpad edema induced with a mixture of carrageenin and forskolin. An antihistamine, cyproheptadine, had no effect on carrageenin-induced footpad edema either in the presence or absence of forskolin. These results suggest that both bradykinin and prostaglandins are essential for the development of carrageenin-induced footpad edema and that bradykinin plays an important role in the potentiative effect of forskolin on footpad edema induced with carrageenin in rats. PMID- 6683352 TI - Mechanism of action of forskolin on adenylate cyclase: effect on bovine sperm complemented with erythrocyte membranes. AB - The mechanism of action of forskolin stimulation of adenylate cyclase was investigated by examining its effects on the enzyme's Mg2+ activated catalytic unit (C) from bovine sperm, both preceding and following complementation with human erythrocyte membranes as a source of guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (N). Prior to complementation, sperm C was not activated by either NaF (10 mM) or 5'-guanylyl-beta-gamma-imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p, 10 microM), suggesting that functional N was not present in this preparation. Forskolin (100 microM) was also without effect on C. Following complementation of the sperm membranes with those of erythrocytes, Mg2+-dependent sensitivity to forskolin, NaF, and Gpp(NH)p was imparted to C. Our findings are incompatible with the current hypothesis that forskolin stimulates adenylate cyclase by direct activation of C. Rather, the data suggest that the activation process occurs through an effect on N or by augmentation of the interaction between the components of the adenylate cyclase complex. PMID- 6683355 TI - Forskolin does not activate sperm adenylate cyclase. AB - Forskolin, a potent activator of adenylate cyclase, has been proposed to activate this enzyme by a direct interaction with the catalytic subunit. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of forskolin on sperm cyclic AMP content and sperm adenylate cyclase activity. Forskolin or cholera toxin did not increase cyclic AMP content in either bull or boar sperm, whereas the inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, caffeine and methylisobutylxanthine, significantly increased sperm cyclic AMP content. Forskolin, NaF, and guanylimidodiphosphate did not activate the adenylate cyclase of either sperm membranes or cytosol. When homogenates of rat, guinea pig, or bull testes were centrifuged at 100,000 X g, the supernatant was found to contain a forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase. Further centrifugation of this 100,000 X g supernatant fraction at 250,000 X g for 3 hr quantitatively sedimented the forskolin-sensitive enzyme activity. We conclude that forskolin does not activate either the cytosolic or membrane-bound adenylate cyclase of mammalian sperm. PMID- 6683354 TI - [Evaluation of the health status of nomadic and semi-nomadic populations of the Gourma-Mali: epidemiologic approach. II. Overall results and conclusions]. AB - The authors report the main clues of morbidity, infant mortality, fecundity as well as the main endemic affections detected in the nomadic and seminomadic populations in Gourma that they have noticed during a descriptive epidemiological investigation. The worse clues of general morbidity come from children and among the ethnic groups studied from those of the Tamacheques and the Maures. Malaria, brucellosis, treponematosis (bejel) have a high rate of frequency. The few cases of tuberculosis detected incidentally encourage to search for the real effect of this affection. Urinary schistosomiasis is present in Gossi where durable ponds exist. Intestinal helminthiasis, tineas, and hemoglobinopathies seem not to be problems of public health in the area. Pterygiums and conjunctivitis are frequent while trachoma is absent in Gourma. PMID- 6683356 TI - [Stunted growth]. AB - According to recent investigations more than half of all growth disorders are due to growth hormone (GH) deficiency. I. The cause of the classic hypothalamo pituitary dwarfism is: 1. perinatally acquired lesions of the hypothalamus; 2. suprasellar tumours; 3. brain malformations; 4. hereditary disturbances of GH synthesis. - II. Constitutional delay of growth and adolescent development is clinically characterised by harmonious delay of growth, skeletal development and sexual maturation. The typical aspect of the pituitary dwarf is missing. Whereas provocation tests for GH do not show reliable deviations, assessment of the spontaneous GH secretion during sleep usually demonstrates a significant GH deficit. - III. Impairments of GH synthesis with production of a hormone which reacts in the RIA but exhibits reduced biological effectivity causes the same clinical picture as constitutional delay. The disorders I--III can successfully be treated by GH. - IV. Familial short stature is based on the summation of hereditary anlages of the parents. In principle, it is no endocrine disorder. However, the combination with disorders II and III occurs frequently ("Small/Delay" acc. to Tanner). - V. Intrauterine growth retardation is caused by maternal, placental or fetal factors. With most of the "small for dates" growth prognosis is good. However, if teratogenic agents, particularly alcohol is involved, and if the damage occurs in the first months of gestation, the prognosis is unfavorable. - VI. A great number of genetic disorders is connected with pre- and/or postnatal growth retardation, combined with typical malformations. Apart from few exceptions these syndromes are rare. Endocrine deviations are missing. - The therapeutic possibilities of GH and anabolics are thoroughly discussed. PMID- 6683358 TI - The effectiveness of a regulatory strategy in containing hospital costs. The Ontario experience, 1967-1981. AB - This study documents the increases in real inputs (e.g., labor and equipment) employed in Ontario's hospital sector between 1968 and 1981--a period of universal government-financed hospital insurance and a government regulatory strategy involving global budgeting. Total expenditures in Ontario increased by only 16 per cent in terms of real inputs, as compared with an increase of 101 per cent in the United States. Real inputs per patient-day increased at a mean annual rate of 0.68 per cent in Ontario versus 5.19 per cent in the United States (P less than 0.001). Real inputs per admission decreased at a mean annual rate of 1.12 per cent in Ontario, as compared with an increase of 4.15 per cent in the United States (P less than 0.0001). We conclude that regulation can contain the growth of real inputs employed in the hospital sector even in the face of an incentive structure that does not promote cost consciousness on the part of patients or physicians. Although the effect of this strategy on the quality of care is unknown, so far it appears to have been politically acceptable in Ontario. PMID- 6683357 TI - Prospective study of X-linked progressive muscular dystrophy in Campania. AB - Within the Campania region of southern Italy a prospective study on X-linked progressive muscular dystrophy was conducted over a period of 12 years from 1969 to 1980, inclusive. The mean incidence rate was 21.7 per 100,000 male livebirths for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) cases and 3.2 per 100,000 male livebirths for Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) cases. The familial cases were 38.5% among the DMD patients and 50% among the BMD patients. Myocardial involvement appeared in DMD patients at about 6 years of age in a high percentage of cases and increased progressively until the last years of life, when cardiac damage occurred in 95% of cases. The percentage of myocardial involvement in BMD patients was very low before 13 years of age, but increased progressively until 20 years, when cardiac damage occurred in 80% of cases studied; severe cardiomyopathy did not occur before the age of 21. The data reported also include the effects of age on physical performance, serum creatine kinase activity and serum myoglobin levels, the types of cardiac damage, and the causes of death. PMID- 6683359 TI - The effects of dose and duration of chronic pimozide administration on dopamine receptor supersensitivity. AB - The neuroleptic drug pimozide was administered chronically to rats at different doses (0.75, 1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg, twice daily for 10 days) or for different durations (1.5 mg/kg twice daily for 5, 10, 20 or 40 days). At various intervals (4-40 days) after withdrawal dopamine (DA) receptor density in the striatum was assessed directly using specific [3H]-spiroperidol binding and indirectly by means of apomorphine-induced stereotypy and amphetamine-induced locomotor activity. The increase in the density of DA receptors was shown to be dependent upon the dose but not upon the duration of chronic pimozide. In contrast, the enhanced apomorphine-induced stereotypy was influenced by the duration but not by the dose of chronic pimozide. The potentiation of d-amphetamine-induced locomotor activity was found to vary as a function of both dose and duration of chronic pimozide administration. The results indicate that the augmentation of these apomorphine- and amphetamine-induced behaviors cannot be attributed solely to striatal DA receptor supersensitivity and that other, presently unspecified factors must contribute. It is also argued that in the absence of pharmacologically-induced DA receptor stimulation, the functional consequences of neuroleptic-induced increases in the density of striatal DA receptors are not apparent and remain unknown. In addition, these findings support the view that neuroleptic-induced proliferation of DA receptors cannot be the sole mechanism underlying tardive dyskinesia in man. PMID- 6683360 TI - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in the treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma. AB - The efficacy of cis-platinum in the treatment of recurrent advanced malignant melanoma is discussed and also the so far unpublished clinical data have been summed up. On account of the considerable differences among these data the clinical study of Stage II had been started which should contribute to the elucidation of efficacy of cis-platinum in malignant melanoma treatment. Here the first part of the trial is presented in which cis-platinum was administered to 21 patients, and the effects were studied in 17 of them. In 5 patients a partial remission was observed. These results are considered to be satisfactory enough to offer further time on the study of effects of cis-platinum. PMID- 6683361 TI - Chronic interstitial nephropathy in mice induced by psychosocial stress: potentiation by caffeine. AB - Chronic psychosocial stress in male mice produces chronic interstitial nephropathy not explained by renal vascular disease or urinary infection. Four groups of male CBA mice were studied. Group 1 and group 2 were placed in Henry Stephens complex population cages for 5 months. Group 2 had caffeine, 800 micrograms/ml, added to their drinking water. Control groups 3 and 4 were unstressed, but group 4 had 800 micrograms/ml of caffeine added to their water. Stressed animals developed chronic interstitial nephropathy which was more severe in animals drinking caffeinated water. In addition, the percent of cortex involved in interstitial fibrosis was higher in group 2, 18.0 +/- 1.4, than in group 1, 15.2 +/- 2.3 (p less than 0.05). Both groups had more fibrosis than unstressed animals (p less than 0.01). Blood urea nitrogen was more elevated in group 2, 47 +/- 13 mg/dl, than in group 1, 29 +/- 17 mg/dl (p less than 0.05). Again both values exceeded those in unstressed animals (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that prolonged environmental stress can lead to the renal morphologic changes of chronic interstitial nephritis. Both renal pathology and function are worse when there is concurrent high caffeine intake. The relevance of this model to human disease related to analgesic use or with affective illness requires further study. PMID- 6683362 TI - Thirty-two years of selection of rats by ethanol preference: UChA and UChB strains. AB - An overview of the development of two strains of rats with low and high consumption of ethanol is reported. Voluntary consumption of water and various concentrations of ethanol solution were studied in these strains as a function of diet, supplementation with vitamin B complex components, housing conditions and coefficient of heredity. Both distribution factor of the consumption of ethanol in hybrids and the course of voluntary intake of ethanol have been described. In addition, a comparison was made between these rat strains developed for low and high preference to ethanol drinking in reference to their voluntary intake of ethanol, water and food. The metabolic concomitant to these two strains has been studied in relationship to ethanol metabolism and to other substrates, i.e., acetate, pyruvate, glucose, citrate and fructose. Behavioral studies were also performed. This included the measurements of duration of ethanol narcosis and evaluation of tolerance to ethanol drinking. PMID- 6683364 TI - Comparison of the offspring of three serial pregnancies during voluntary alcohol consumption in Sinclair (S-1) miniature swine. AB - The offspring of serial breedings of voluntary alcohol consuming Sinclair (S-1) miniature swine have been evaluated over the past three years. The first and second litters of 12 dams and the third litter of 6 dams were examined. All study animals had been consuming alcohol for at least 18 months prior to the first breeding. Alcohol consumption was continuous throughout the ninth study. Twelve non-alcohol-consuming sows were used as controls. The results of the study revealed a progressive decrease in mean litter size from controls of 6.66 in the control litters to 1.8 piglets per litter in the third litter born to alcohol consuming dams. Perinatal deaths showed a progressive increase from 10% in the controls to 36.4% in the L3 litter. The birth weight showed a decline from a mean of 719 +/- 186 g in the control group to 467 +/- 122 g in the L3 litter. Abortions were not seen in control, first litter or second litter; however, there were 3 aborted fetuses in the third litter. Observation revealed no additional anomalies beyond the previous reports of anomalies seen in litters of alcohol consuming S-1 miniature swine dams. PMID- 6683363 TI - Polygenic and single-gene determination of responses to ethanol in BXD/Ty recombinant inbred mouse strains. AB - Male mice of parent inbred strains C57BL/6J and DBA/2J, and mice from several of the BXD/Ty Recombinant Inbred (RI) strains derived from the cross of the parent inbred strains were tested for responsiveness to ethanol. Separate groups of mice from these strains were characterized for sensitivity to ethanol's effects to increase activity in an open field and to induce ambulatory ataxia in the grid test. The strain distribution pattern of the RI strains indicated polygenic control of both responses to ethanol. Other mice from this battery were tested for acceptance of an ethanol solution, a measure related to preference drinking. This trait may be substantially influenced by a single gene. Mice were then rendered physically dependent on ethanol through inhalation of ethanol vapor for three days. Severity of handling-induced convulsions was used to index the severity of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome. The distribution of the RI strains indicated possible influence of a major gene on ethanol withdrawal severity. PMID- 6683365 TI - [Choriocarcinoma: cerebral metastasis from choriocarcinoma--a successfully surgical treated case]. AB - A surgical case of multiple cerebral metastases from choriocarcinoma was reported, who was a 26 year-old female. She had received treatment of hydatid mole on April 1979, and admitted to our hospital for the consciousness disturbance and right hemiparesis. CT scan showed two high density tumors with marked brain edema. Emergency craniotomy was performed and five tumors were completely removed. Following the operation, symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and disturbance of consciousness were markedly improved in about a week. She received radiation therapy. After radiochemotherapy, a metastatic lung tumor was removed. Now her chorionic gonadotropin titers remain normal and she is able to perform all her household responsibilities despite a mild right hemiparesis. Recently, surgical treatment has been getting done for cerebral metastasis of choriocarcinoma. Because most of the metastatic cerebral lesions occur in relatively easy position for the operation. If symptoms of cerebral metastasis appear, we should performed surgical treatment as soon as possible. PMID- 6683367 TI - Myoclonic dystonia. AB - We studied 14 patients who had a combination of idiopathic torsion dystonia and myoclonic jerks. In many cases, the same muscles were involved in both the myoclonus and the dystonia. This made observation of the crucial dystonic postures difficult and led to misdiagnosis of other dyskinesias. The jerks usually were brief (50 to 200 msec) and occurred irregularly, often showing cocontraction in antagonist muscles. Frequently, they were superimposed upon sustained dystonic contractions in the same or distant muscles. We found no time locked EEG event before the jerks. The myoclonus probably arises from a subcortical focus, and the visible jerks probably are part of the spectrum of involuntary movements that accompany torsion dystonia. PMID- 6683366 TI - Parkinson's disease in 65 pairs of twins and in a set of quadruplets. AB - Among 43 monozygotic (MZ) and 19 dizygotic (DZ) pairs in which an index case had definite Parkinson's disease (PD), only one MZ pair was definitely concordant for PD. When pairs with questionable clinical features were included, 4 of 48 MZ and 1 of 19 DZ pairs were concordant. The frequency of PD in MZ cotwins of index cases with PD was similar to that expected in an unrelated control group matched for age and sex. Although we were unable to identify a single environmental agent, we conclude that the major factors in the etiology of PD are nongenetic. PMID- 6683368 TI - Enhancing mass on CT: neoplasm or recent infarction? AB - On CT, mass effect and contrast enhancement have limited value in separating brain neoplasm from infarct, because both findings are frequent with recent infarction. Review of CT in 100 patients with histologically proven supratentorial lesions (35 infarcts and 65 tumors) indicated the specificity of three helpful signs: (1) White matter edema outlined the uninvolved cortex in 73% of metastases and in 74% of gliomas but only in 14% of infarcts. (2) The cortical ribbon was enhanced in 43% of infarcts, in 7% of gliomas, and in 4% of metastases. (3) Selective sparing of the thalamus occurred in 31% of infarcts but only in 7% of tumors. PMID- 6683369 TI - Sympathetic postganglionic unmyelinated axons in the rat peripheral nervous system. AB - We determined the contribution made to the unmyelinated axon population of the rat peripheral nervous system by sympathetic paravertebral ganglion cells. Sympathectomy, achieved by administration of guanethidine to neonatal rats, led to atrophy of the sympathetic paravertebral ganglion chain, a 95% decrease in peripheral nerve norepinephrine, and loss of 20 to 26% of the unmyelinated axons in a cutaneous nerve (sural), a muscular nerve (nerve to soleus), and a mixed nerve (sciatic). These data indicate that up to a quarter of the total population of peripheral nerve unmyelinated axons are sympathetic ganglia-derived. PMID- 6683370 TI - Evaluation of ambulatory cassette EEG monitoring: III. Diagnostic accuracy compared to intensive inpatient EEG monitoring. AB - We assessed the ability to recognize epileptiform abnormalities on a video review of ambulatory cassette EEGs (A/EEG) by comparing two independent interpretations of an A/EEG to those derived from a routine recording and intensive monitoring by cable telemetry (C/EEG) of the same 40 patients. Both A/EEG readings concurred with the C/EEG interpretation as to normality or epileptiform abnormality in 77% of cases. Seventy-nine percent of focal and 100% of generalized interictal abnormalities, as well as all seizures, noted on C/EEG were detected by both A/EEG reviewers. Of patients with normal baseline EEGs, 37% showed epileptiform features on A/EEG versus 44% with C/EEG. Limits to the characterization of abnormalities by A/EEG and a protocol for the video review of A/EEG tapes are discussed. In those specific areas for which intensive surface EEG monitoring is most useful, ambulatory cassette EEG appears to be an acceptable intermediate level alternative. PMID- 6683371 TI - Oxidative metabolic responses during recurrent seizures are independent of convulsant, anesthetic, or species. AB - A transition from sufficient to insufficient cerebral oxygenation has been reported during recurrent seizures, but it was unknown whether this phenomenon was limited to particular species, anesthetics, or convulsant agents. Focal measurements were made of cortical PO2 and redox changes of cytochrome a, a3 in rats and cats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, nitrous oxide, or ketamine, or decerebrated. Seizures were induced with pentylenetetrazol, bicuculline, or electroconvulsive shock. Transition from oxygen sufficiency to insufficiency always occurred in association with inadequate vascular responses, regardless of experimental conditions. These results indicate that transition is a general characteristic of experimental status epilepticus. PMID- 6683372 TI - Reenactment of the triggering situation for the diagnosis of epilepsy. AB - When a fixed set of ambient circumstances is associated with convulsive or nonconvulsive paroxysmal attacks, reenactment of the situation should be considered as a possible shortcut for reaching a diagnosis. Reenactment determined the diagnosis in 30 of 32 patients with paroxysmal disorders. The referral diagnosis was correct in only 13 of the 32 patients. To be appropriately executed, the reenactment should entail polygraphic recording of at least EEG, ECG, and respiration. Vertex electrodes should be included to avoid overlooking of cortical electrodecremental event. If unsuccessful at the first attempt, reenactment should be repeated. PMID- 6683373 TI - Corpus callosotomy for control of intractable epilepsy in children. AB - Cerebral commissurotomy has often been reported to control seizures in patients suffering from intractable epilepsy. However, in adults, division of the corpus callosum alone has been shown to be equally effective while considerably reducing the surgical morbidity. The present study of nine epileptic callosotomized patients suggests that callosal section can also be performed successfully and safely in children. Neurologic and concomitant psychological improvements are described. PMID- 6683374 TI - Geographic distribution of motor neuron disease and correlation with possible etiologic factors. AB - Average annual age-adjusted motor neuron disease (MND) mortality rates were mapped for the first time at the county level in the continental United States. Although the great majority of the rates did not differ significantly from the US average, the highest mortality rates were generally found west of the Mississippi and the lowest rates east of the Mississippi. MND mortality was associated with rural farming and socioeconomic status but not with urbanization, physician population ratios, lead or mercury exposure, or mortality rates of five kinds of cancer. PMID- 6683375 TI - Preserved oral reading in Wernicke's aphasia. AB - In two patients with Wernicke's aphasia, both oral reading and reading comprehension were relatively preserved despite total destruction of Wernicke's area. The pattern of oral reading suggested an intact ability to derive phonology directly from print; the pattern of reading comprehension implied at least partial ability to interpret syntactic constructions. These features are not readily compatible with current notions of right hemisphere function and may suggest that undamaged left hemisphere structures mediated residual reading in these patients. PMID- 6683376 TI - Seizures after convulsive therapy: a retrospective case survey. AB - We reviewed all documented cases of spontaneous seizures that followed convulsive therapy. Nineteen studies provided information in 81 cases. The average annual incidence of spontaneous seizures was 114 per 100,000, 5 times more frequent than an age-adjusted nonpsychiatric cohort. Host susceptibility rather than treatment features influenced seizure development. A longer latency to first seizure was associated with greater likelihood of seizure recurrence, a relationship also observed in posttraumatic epilepsy. PMID- 6683377 TI - Fatal CNS toxoplasmosis in a homosexual man. AB - A compromised cellular immunity associated with an increased frequency of tumors and fatal opportunistic infections has recently been reported in homosexual men. We studied a homosexual man with fatal CNS toxoplasmosis to emphasize the value of CT in CNS toxoplasmosis and to alert neurologists to potentially curable opportunistic infections. PMID- 6683378 TI - Childhood-type myositis and linear scleroderma. AB - A 5-year-old girl had linear scleroderma on the flexor surface of the right arm; muscle wasting included the shoulder girdle. IgM fluorescence on blood vessels and along dermal-epidermal junction was observed by direct immunofluorescence in biopsied skin. Biceps muscle underlying the plaque of the scleroderma showed atrophy of entire fascicles, perifascicular atrophy, and cellular infiltration around blood vessels that are quite similar to those found in childhood-type dermatomyositis. In addition, various abnormalities, including edema and thickening of basal lamina, were found on blood vessels in muscle tissue. The results suggested that the autoimmune collagen vascular disorder is responsible for this condition. PMID- 6683379 TI - On the mechanism of sudden death in Moersch-Woltman syndrome. AB - A patient dying in the hospital with Moersch-Woltman Stiff-person syndrome (MWS) suffered from episodic, severe, uncompensated metabolic acidosis. Possible explanations for the acid-base abnormalities in this neurologic disorder are proposed. PMID- 6683380 TI - Myelomalacia and hypoglycorrhachia in malignant atrophic papulosis. AB - A 25-year-old man with the skin lesions of malignant atrophic papulosis had clinical and electrodiagnostic evidence of a multifocal asymmetric myelomalacia or polyradiculopathy in association with elevated CSF protein and hypoglycorrhachia. Autopsy findings included widespread infarctions and necrosis of brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. The combined clinical and laboratory findings were similar to those seen in systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, or meningeal carcinomatosis. Thus, malignant atrophic papulosis should be added to the differential diagnosis of either polyradiculopathy or myelomalacia. PMID- 6683381 TI - Olfactory impairment in Parkinson's disease. AB - In comparison with closely matched controls, patients with Parkinson's disease had reduced scores in tests of odor detection and qualitative discrimination. Olfactory impairment was not related to age, duration of symptoms, treatment, intellectual function, or genetic factors and seemed to be a nonmotor manifestation of the disease. PMID- 6683383 TI - Childhood migraine and somnambulism. AB - Based on a sample of 222 children from four diagnostic groups, a high frequency of somnambulism in children suffering from migraine headache is reported. The strength of the association between somnambulism and childhood migraine raises the possibility that somnambulism might be considered as a minor diagnostic criterion in the clinical diagnosis of childhood migraine. This association may further clarify the nature of the serotonin abnormality underlying migraine. PMID- 6683382 TI - Torticollis in three children with syringomyelia and spinal cord tumor. AB - There are numerous well-known causes of acquired torticollis. However, an extensive review of the literature reveals only a rare, brief remark that associates torticollis with syringomyelia. We present three children found to have syringomyelia and spinal cord tumor, with torticollis as an early finding in each. PMID- 6683387 TI - Kluver-Bucy syndrome in Pick's disease. PMID- 6683384 TI - Chronic L-dopa administration decreases striatal accumulation of dopamine from exogenous L-dopa in rats with intact nigrostriatal projections. AB - To examine whether chronic administration of L-dopa can affect its own utilization in striatum, rats were injected once daily for 30 days with L-dopa and carbidopa or with saline. On day 31, saline and L-dopa animals were sacrificed 1, 2, or 3 hours after L-dopa injection. In rats given long-term L dopa, the elevations in striatal dopamine concentrations induced by L-dopa administration were smaller and of shorter duration than those in controls. Such changes did not occur in animals pretreated with L-dopa for only 10 days. Results suggest that prolonged L-dopa therapy may decrease striatal accumulation of dopamine from exogenous L-dopa even when the nigrostriatal projections are intact. Therefore, it is possible that declining efficacy of L-dopa in parkinsonism may be due to effects of the drug itself and not only to disease progression. PMID- 6683386 TI - Evaluating cortical disinhibition signs. PMID- 6683385 TI - Usefulness of BAER studies in the early diagnosis of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) were markedly abnormal in a 1-month old infant with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. Wave II occurred at a prolonged latency, and all of the following waves were absent bilaterally. BAER is useful for early diagnosis in this disease. PMID- 6683389 TI - Cerebral glucose utilization: local changes after microinoculation of scrapie agent in hamster. AB - The effects of scrapie agent on local cerebral energy metabolism were studied by the [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiographic method of Sokoloff et al. after stereomicroinoculation (0.5 microliter, 10(-2) of scrapie suspension) in hamster left striatum. From a group of 20 hamsters inoculated, 2 animals were killed every 10 days from the 30th day after inoculation to the terminal stage of the disease. Experiments were carried out according to the qualitative 2-DG procedure and cerebral autoradiographs of inoculated animals were compared to those of 3 controls. The results show changes of local cerebral glucose utilization in some discrete brain regions, ipsilateral to the side of inoculation, and their sequential spreading to other cerebral structures with a definite order: left anterior thalamus, left posterior thalamus, then medial geniculate body (ipsilateral, then controlateral), and finally some brainstem nuclei (inferior colliculus, superior olivary nucleus); the inoculated striatum is affected very late, after clinical signs. Metabolic changes which first occur ipsilaterally to the side of inoculation precede the clinical symptoms, while their contralateral spreading is concomitant with the clinical signs. The data demonstrate a rostral- caudal sequence of the cerebral metabolic changes, ipsilateral to the side of inoculation, which may reflect in part the slow spread of agent in the central nervous system from the inoculation site. PMID- 6683388 TI - [Proposed technical modification of the operative treatment of essential varicocele. Preliminary note]. PMID- 6683390 TI - [Animal experiment studies on the prevention of adhesions and adhesion-induced ileus after intra-abdominal operations]. PMID- 6683391 TI - [Surgical treatment of uveal glaucoma]. PMID- 6683392 TI - A neodymium-YAG endolaser. AB - We used a CW-YAG endolaser to photocoagulate the fundus of the rabbit and monkey. We varied the power settings, exposure durations, and probe-retina distances to establish the parameters for threshold and bursting (choroidal hemorrhage) lesions. We found that the amount of energy needed to create a retinal lesion increased proportionally with the distance between the probe and the retina. To produce a choroidal hemorrhage at a given distance required at least four times the power required for a threshold coagulative lesion at the same distance. We also found that we could achieve a strong choroidal reaction without hemorrhage by using the coagulative threshold parameters of power and distance with an increased exposure time. Photocoagulation of the retina using the CW-YAG depended on the presence of melanin. PMID- 6683393 TI - [Breast feeding and contraception]. PMID- 6683394 TI - [Galactorrhea induced by metoclopramid]. PMID- 6683396 TI - [Adnexitis following appendicitis in childhood]. PMID- 6683395 TI - [Incidence of intrauterine retardation and perinatal mortality]. PMID- 6683397 TI - The respective contribution of smooth and striated components in the urethral pressure profile of the spinal cord injured. A neuropharmacological and urodynamic study. PMID- 6683398 TI - Two cases of dipylidiasis (dog tapeworm infection) in children: update on an old problem. AB - Children in households with dogs and cats may become infected with the dog tapeworm more frequently than suspected. Because of age-appropriate hand-to-mouth exploration, young infants and toddlers, through contact with fleas on pets, floors, and furnishings, are particularly susceptible. Knowledge of the life cycle of this animal parasite and the manner in which children acquire and demonstrate infection can lead to early diagnosis and effective treatment. PMID- 6683399 TI - Early contact, social support, and mother-infant bonding. AB - A study was designed to explore further the hypothesis that a period of close contact between mother and infant immediately after birth facilitates the establishment of a close bond. The study investigated whether the effects of extra contact interact with other variables present in the labor and delivery situation and with the extent of social support available to the mother. Two sets of procedures for the immediate postpartum period were established and mothers were randomly assigned to one of these conditions. Twenty-nine mothers experienced extracontact procedures in which the baby was placed on the mother's abdomen for 1 hour. Thirty mothers received routine care procedures in which the baby was shown to the mother and then taken to the nursery. Observations of maternal behavior during a feeding were made two days after birth by an observer blind to the randomization status of the mother. The mothers who received extra contact exhibited significantly more affectionate behavior toward their infants than did the mothers who received routine care. The extracontact treatment produced more affectionate behaviors in the mothers who had less social support than in those who had more social support. The extra contact was equally effective for multiparous and primiparous mothers. Mothers of female infants exhibited more affectionate behavior to their infants regardless of which postpartum procedures the mothers had experienced. PMID- 6683400 TI - Fatal hepatitis B in early infancy: the importance of identifying HBsAg-positive pregnant women and providing immunoprophylaxis to their newborns. AB - Infants born to women who are asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers frequently acquire hepatitis B virus infection in infancy. The spectrum of disease in such affected infants includes mild transient acute hepatitis B, chronic active hepatitis with or without cirrhosis, chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic asymptomatic HBsAg carriage, and, rarely, fulminant fatal hepatitis B. Recently, the administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of infantile acquisition of hepatitis B virus; hepatitis B vaccine may also be preventive in this setting. Three young infants, aged 8 to 16 weeks, who died of acute fulminant hepatitis were studied. In each instance, the mother was found, retrospectively, to be asymptomatic but HBsAg positive. One of these mothers was hepatitis B e-antigen-negative but hepatitis B e-antibody positive. All three babies were HBsAg positive; two who were tested for hepatitis B core antibody were positive. These three fatalities serve to dramatize both the importance of HBsAg screening of pregnant women, particularly those with demographic factors that place them at increased risk for HBsAg carriage, as well as the significance of effective immunoprophylaxis for hepatitis B in all offspring of women with HBsAg seropositivity. PMID- 6683401 TI - Pancreatic citrate and protein secretion of alcoholic dogs in response to graded doses of caerulein. AB - Previous studies have shown dissolution of human pancreatic stones in vitro by citrate solution which bind considerable amounts of ionized calcium. Pancreatic citrate secretion has been demonstrated in canine and human pancreatic juices. This study compares pancreatic citrate secretion of chronic alcohol-fed dogs with controls in response to graded doses of caerulein, in order to evaluate possible differences in factors favouring pancreatic lithogenicity. The dose-response relation of citrate outputs after graded doses of caerulein revealed significantly reduced maximal secretory capacity of citrate in alcoholic dogs. Protein concentrations in juices from alcoholic dogs were reduced for all doses of caerulein but protein outputs were not different. Bicarbonate concentrations and outputs, as well as volumes, were significantly greater in alcoholic dogs. Linear relation were found between citrate and protein secretion. Chronic alcohol consumption in the dog leads to reduced citrate secretion, which is consistent with recent results in humans suffering from chronic calcifying pancreatitis, who secrete significantly less citrate than healthy subjects. The decrease of calcium chelating citrate could be an additional factor causing increased calcium levels in the pancreatic juice of chronic alcoholics, a circumstance that might favour protein-plug formation and subsequently pancreatic stone formation. PMID- 6683402 TI - Continuous infusion of cholecystokinin and meal pattern in the rat. AB - Purified natural cholecystokinin (CCK-33) was infused continuously for two days at a rate of 5.9 micrograms/hr in two rats trained to bar-press for food (Noyes pellet 45 mg) on a fixed ratio of five bar presses to obtain one pellet. The animals also received control surgery and were tested in the operant chamber for two days, one prior to and the other following the CCK-33 treatment. CCK-33 suppressed the number of meals, the total amount of food eaten, and the total duration of time spent eating. However, the size of each meal and the rate of intake were not affected. The CCK effect did not interact with the light-dark phases of diurnal cycle. It appears that a major effect of continuous systemic elevation of CCK-33 is to reduce food intake by prolonging the satiety period rather than by decreasing the individual meal size. PMID- 6683404 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of the biological availability of drugs]. PMID- 6683403 TI - [Studies of periodicity (basel on the example of hormonal biorhythms]. PMID- 6683405 TI - [Effectiveness of lymphography in the evaluation of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes in patients with malignant testicular neoplasms other than "pure" seminomas]. PMID- 6683406 TI - [Isolation of fractions containing natriuretic hormone from blood plasma and their testing in in vivo and in vitro experiments]. AB - Natriuretic hormone (NUH) was isolated from the canine arterial blood plasma by means of gel chromatography on sefadex G-25. The plasma was preliminarily deproteinized with trichloro-acetic acid and the supernatant layer was lyophilized. Five peptide fractions were obtained by means of spectrophotometry in UV spectrum at 280 microns. The 2nd and 3d fractions of this material had a natriuretic activity in experiments on rats. The same fractions inhibited short circuit current and the frog skin potential, as well as the frog skin oxygen consumption. For the present it is unlikely to confirm that this natriuretic activity should be caused by one or different chemical substances due to inaccurate separation of the 2nd and 3d fractions. The methods of a study of short-circuit current and the frog skin potential as well as a polarographic study of the frog skin oxygen consumption can be used for NUH testing. PMID- 6683407 TI - Modulation of plasminogen activator activity in human skin fibroblasts infected with mycoplasmas. AB - Secreted and cell-associated plasminogen activator was measured in human skin fibroblasts infected with mycoplasmas. The infected fibroblasts exhibited significantly higher levels of secreted and cell-associated plasminogen activator activity compared to uninfected skin fibroblasts. Subconfluent infected fibroblasts had increased plasminogen activator activity compared to confluent infected fibroblasts. Plasminogen activator may be important in tissue destruction in disease states in which mycoplasma infection has been implicated. PMID- 6683408 TI - Morphine withdrawal produces differential effects on the rate of lever-pressing for brain self-stimulation in the hypothalamus and midbrain in rats. AB - Rats were implanted with stimulating electrodes either in the medial forebrain bundle-lateral hypothalamus (MFB-LH) or the midbrain-central gray area (MID-CG), and were trained to lever-press for electrical brain self-stimulation (ICSS). The animals were made tolerant to morphine (15 mg/kg) by twice daily injections for a four-day period. Withdrawal was then induced either by substituting saline (spontaneous withdrawal) or by administering naloxone (1.0 mg/kg) (precipitated withdrawal). Changes in body weight, in the incidence of diarrhea, and in rates of lever-pressing for ICSS were recorded during the five-day withdrawal period. In both the MFB-LH implanted and the MID-CG implanted groups, the duration and magnitude of changes in lever-pressing were greater when withdrawal was precipitated than when it was spontaneous. Independently of the type of withdrawal, however, the behavioral disruption was greater for animals implanted in the MFB-LH than for animals implanted in the MID-CG. The changes in body weight were similar for both electrode sites and both types of withdrawal. Diarrhea only occurred in the precipitated withdrawal group and its incidence was similar for animals implanted in the two sites. Three additional groups of animals were implanted in the MFB-LH, made tolerant to morphine, and given naloxone as above. They were administered clonidine (10, 30 or 100 micrograms/kg) 30 min prior to naloxone to attenuate the effects of withdrawal. The 30 micrograms/kg dose of clonidine produced maximal attenuation of the disruption in lever-pressing. None of the doses of clonidine attenuated weight loss, but all three doses reduced the incidence of diarrhea. The ICSS procedure demonstrated that the behavior during withdrawal can be related to the brain area that is stimulated. PMID- 6683409 TI - Learned helplessness induction decreases in vivo cortical serotonin release. PMID- 6683410 TI - Social influences on circulating levels of cortisol and prolactin in male talapoin monkeys. AB - Three captive groups of adult talapoin monkeys (Miopithecus talapoin), each with four males and four or five ovariectomized, estrogen-treated females, were observed. Behavioral interactions were recorded and levels of cortisol and prolactin were measured. In each group, males formed a linear dominance order, determined by the direction of spontaneous aggression; highest male rank was associated with frequent socio-sexual interactions and lowest rank with infrequent socio-sexual behavior. The first study compared males' cortisol and prolactin titers when all males were either housed with estrogen-treated females, or singly caged. The two lowest-ranking males of each group had elevated cortisol levels when group-housed; prolactin levels did not reflect these changes. In the second study, males of one group interacted with females when only the lowest ranking, or the highest-ranking, female was made attractive (i.e., received estradiol), while the other females were present, but not estradiol-treated. Across these conditions (1) frequencies of some socio-sexual and aggressive behaviors changed, (2) cortisol levels increased in all males, and (3) prolactin levels decreased in three of four males. Dissociation of changes in cortisol and prolactin titers suggests that these hormones may be differentially responsive to social modifications, not simply reflecting a single intervening variable, such as "stress." PMID- 6683411 TI - Induction of mouse-killing in the rat by intraventricular injection of a GABA agonist. AB - Intracerebroventricular injections of THIP (2.5 and 5.0 micrograms in 5 microliter) facilitated elicitation of mouse-killing in killer rats placed in a non-familiar environment. The same doses induced well organized mouse-killing responses in 60% of non-killer rats. Concomitantly food intake was elicited. Exploratory activity as well as orientation and approach towards any sensory stimulus were also increased. On the contrary, intracerebroventricular injections of bicuculline methiodide (65 and 125 ng in 5 microliters) suppressed aggressive responses in killer rats. The data support the view that GABA receptors are involved in mechanisms which facilitate elicitation of mouse-killing behaviour as well as other positively motivated responses. PMID- 6683412 TI - Hormonal control of receptivity, proceptivity and sexual motivation. PMID- 6683413 TI - Circadian rhythms in the rat: constant darkness, entrainment to T cycles and to skeleton photoperiods. AB - Free running activity and drinking rhythms of male Sprague-Dawley rats were observed in constant darkness (DD) for up to 44 days. The average period of the rhythms (tau DD) was 24.2 hr (+/- 0.12 hr) and the activity time was near one half of the circadian cycle. In the second experiment, rats were entrained to T cycles (T = period) with 2 hr of light per cycle. At T = 23 and T = 26 about one half of the rats entrained indicating that these periods are near the limits of entrainment. T = 23 induced a lasting aftereffect on tau DD while T = 26 affected tau DD only briefly. In contrast to some other nocturnal rodents, activity time was not compressed as T neared the limits of entrainment. In the third experiment, rats and hamsters were entrained to 24 hr skeleton photoperiods (two 1 hr light pulses/cycle). Rats phase jumped to the longer subjective night when the interval between the light pulses was reduced to 6 or 5 hr, while most hamsters phase jumped at 3.5 hr. Furthermore, all rats phase jumped by means of delaying transients while most hamsters showed advancing transients. Finally, while skeleton photoperiods compressed activity time in hamsters to 6 hr or less, activity time remained fairly constant in rats. These results demonstrate considerable differences in the organization of the circadian system among commonly studied nocturnal rodents. PMID- 6683415 TI - The lateral cerebral ventricle in early second trimester. AB - In routine imaging of normal early second trimester pregnancies, one will not infrequently encounter potentially confusing cases which may raise the question of fetal hydrocephalus. In a retrospective analysis of 100 cases, this appearance occurred in 10. The anatomic origins of this potential error are discussed, and an imaging technique is described which can be used to exclude fetal hydrocephalus in confusing cases. Close apposition of the normally large choroid plexus with the medial and lateral walls of the ventricular body and atrium indicates normalcy. PMID- 6683414 TI - Behaviorally induced heart rate reactivity and atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys. AB - It has been suggested that individual differences in behaviorally induced cardiovascular reactivity may mediate associations between behavioral factors and atherosclerotic disease. The present study provides data relevant to this hypothesis within an animal model. Experimental animals were 26 adult, male cynomolgus monkeys that had been fed a moderately atherogenic diet for 22 months. In the weeks preceding termination of these animals, monkeys were fitted with electrocardiogram (EKG) telemetry devices and their heart rates (HRs) recorded under baseline and stressed conditions. Stress-period HR measures were obtained during a standard challenge involving threatened capture and physical handling of the animals. At necropsy, the coronary arteries were subjected to pressure fixation and sections taken from the left main, left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries. Mean intimal area measurements, calculated for each artery, were then compared between animals identified as High (n = 8) and Low (n = 8) HR reactors during stress. Results indicated that High HR reactors had significantly greater coronary artery atherosclerosis than did Low HR reactive animals, both in individual arteries and on an overall coronary index. Atherosclerosis in the thoracic aorta was found to differ similarly between High and Low HR reactors. Additional analyses revealed that High HR reactors were significantly more aggressive, more ponderous, and had greater heart weights than did Low HR reactors. Although groups did not differ in resting HRs, body weights, or lipid values, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol comprised a slightly smaller fraction of the total serum cholesterol of High, relative to Low, HR reactive monkeys. It is concluded that these findings provide initial support for the hypothesis that cardiovascular hyperresponsiveness under stress is related to the development of atherosclerosis. PMID- 6683416 TI - Intermanual transfer of mirror-image discrimination by monkeys. PMID- 6683417 TI - The effects of postconditioning revaluation of CS and UCS following Pavlovian second-order electrodermal conditioning in humans. PMID- 6683419 TI - Learning of object-object associations by monkeys. PMID- 6683418 TI - Stimulus exposure and discrimination in rats: a test of a theory for the role of contextual factors. PMID- 6683420 TI - Hyperstriatal lesions in pigeons disrupt recognition memory at long, but not at short, inter-trial intervals. PMID- 6683421 TI - Septal driving of the hippocampal theta rhythm produces a long-term, proactive and non-associative increase in resistance to extinction. PMID- 6683422 TI - [Essential thrombocythemia]. PMID- 6683423 TI - [Essential thrombocythemia. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6683424 TI - Treatment of adult autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura with high-dose intravenous plasmin-cleaved gammaglobulins. AB - We present the results of the treatment of 15 adult patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura with high dose i.v. gammaglobulins. In 11 patients, this treatment produced a remission, complete (platelet counts above 100 X 10(9)/l) in 5, partial (platelet counts between 50 and 100 X 10(9)/l) in 6. In all these patients, the response was transient lasting 2-4 weeks. In 4 patients, no response was observed. We used plasmin-cleaved gammaglobulins which caused rare and mild side effects and gave results similar to those reported with intact human gammaglobulins. The indications of high dose i.v. gamma-globulins in the management of adult patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura are discussed. PMID- 6683425 TI - Immunoglobulin-producing cells in blood and cerebrospinal fluid during the course of aseptic meningoencephalitis. AB - The protein A plaque assay was used to quantitate the number of IgG-, IgA-, and IgM-producing cells per 20 X 10(3) lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) from 23 patients with aseptic meningoencephalitis (AM) in the acute stage 1-10 days after onset (group I) and during late convalescence after 19-38 days (group II) and in PB from healthy controls. In the acute stage, IgG- and IgM-producing cells were found with significantly higher frequency in both CSF and PB than in the late convalescence. In both patient groups there were more Ig-producing cells in PB than in CSF. The predominant Ig class in PB of AM patients was IgA, just as in healthy individuals. In CSF, IgA- and IgG-producing cells predominated at similar frequencies. In the group I patients, there were positive correlations between numbers of Ig-producing cells of each class and the corresponding CSF Ig index, an indicator of intrathecal Ig synthesis. Since high numbers of Ig-producing cells could be found in CSF that was otherwise normal, enumeration of Ig-producing cells is considered a more sensitive indicator of the immune response intrathecally than measurement of free Igs. PMID- 6683426 TI - [Use of growth promoters in cattle fattening]. PMID- 6683427 TI - Fetal brain transplant: reduction of cognitive deficits in rats with frontal cortex lesions. AB - Frontal cortex and cerebellar tissue from fetal rats was implanted into the damaged frontal cortex of adults. Cognitive deficits in spatial alternation learning that follow bilateral destruction of medial frontal cortex were reduced in rats with frontal cortex implants but not in those with implants of cerebellum. Histological evaluation showed that connections were made between the frontal cortex implants and host brain tissue. PMID- 6683428 TI - Light and propranolol suppress the nocturnal elevation of serotonin in the cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkeys. AB - Markedly elevated nighttime concentrations of serotonin in rhesus monkey cerebrospinal fluid were reduced to daytime levels by exposing the monkeys to continuous light or to the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol. Nighttime elevations of melatonin in cerebrospinal fluid were also suppressed by propranolol and light. Serotonin released in large quantities at night appears to be regulated like melatonin, and may act as a cerebroventricular hormone to influence brain and pituitary function at night. PMID- 6683430 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: analysis of the clinical course of 163 cases]. PMID- 6683429 TI - Mechanism of cholesterol gallstones formation. PMID- 6683431 TI - Perfused rat hindlegs. A model to study plasminogen activator release. AB - This study concerns the release of tissue-type plasminogen activator activity into perfusates of isolated rat hindlegs. Activator release could be induced by a variety of compounds, of which thrombin, bradykinin and eledoisin proved the most potent. The maximum release obtained was approximately 6 Ploug Units/minute. After a five-minute period of stimulation of release by a compound, a second stimulation period using the same compound appeared less effective. In contrast, during a subsequent stimulation period activator releases by various unrelated compounds were not diminished but, occasionally, slightly enhanced. Correlation between the capacity of compounds for the inducement of activator release in the perfused vascular bed, and in vivo was good. PMID- 6683432 TI - Heparin and a low molecular weight fraction enhances thrombolysis and by this pathway exercises a protective effect against thrombosis. AB - In human volunteers unfractionated heparin and a low molecular weight fraction of heparin (LMWH) caused an increase in plasma plasminogen activator (PA) which peaked at 3 hours after subcutaneous injection. Using a perfused isolated rabbit ear model the enhancement of PA activity was confirmed and was related to the anti-Xa activity of both products infused. Using a modified rabbit Wessler model for thrombus formation it was found that, when using doses of heparin and LMWH sufficient to give a 100% antithrombotic effect, antifibrinolytic drugs (eg. epsilon-ACA and aprotinin), negated this protective effect. It is concluded that the effect of heparin and LMWH on haemostasis is mediated in part through the enhancement which these drugs have on fibrinolysis, the latter being arguably a major defence against fibrin formation during thrombosis. PMID- 6683433 TI - Embryotoxicity of cisplatin in rats and mice. AB - Cisplatin [cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II)], a broad spectrum antitumor agent, was tested for possible teratogenic and embryolethal effects on Wistar rats and Swiss Webster mice. Rats were given a single ip injection of 0.3, 1.0, 2.5, or 3.0 mg/kg cisplatin on Day 6, 8, 11, or 14 of gestation, whereas mice were given a single ip injection of 0.3, 3.0, 6.0, 8,0, or 13.0 mg/kg on Day 8 only. The embryonic LD50's in the rat were 2.88, 1.28, and 1.0 mg/kg for day 6, 8, and 11, respectively. There was no significant increase in embryolethality at any of the doses given on Day 14. The embryonic LD50 for mice was 5.24 mg/kg. An increase in the incidence of growth retardation or gross malformations was not discernable in the surviving fetuses with the number of dams used in this study. Cisplatin is highly embryolethal in rats and mice at dosages well below the adult therapeutic dosage in humans. This embryolethality is gestational stage-specific with the highest mortality corresponding to the period of rapid DNA replication in early organogenesis. PMID- 6683434 TI - Microfilaria perstans during a sleeping sickness survey. PMID- 6683435 TI - Studies on the livestock of Southern Darfur, Sudan. VII. A comparison of productivity indices for goats and sheep. AB - Data analysed by hand for earlier papers in this series have now been analysed by a least-squares method. Three production indices--liveweight of young weaned per breeding female, per kg of breeding female and per kg metabolic weight of female- are calculated. For different variables parity and type of birth had significant effects on one or more indices for goats while sex, parity and flock had significant effects for sheep. Goats in general had greater indices than sheep and the transhumant system was better than the sedentary but the effects were not significant for these variables. PMID- 6683436 TI - Results of combined treatment of patients with locally advanced breast cancer. AB - Eighty-seven women with previously untreated locally advanced, inoperable breast cancer were treated by induction chemotherapy combined with subsequent local and systemic treatment. Inflammatory breast cancer was diagnosed in 72 (87.7%) of these patients. In the remaining 15 patients, cancer of the breast in stage T3-4 N2b-3 according to the UICC classification was diagnosed. After remission induction, the patients were irradiated or operated upon. Maintenance chemotherapy was given after local treatment. The 3-year survival rate (61.5%) in the group of patients treated by surgery was significantly higher than the patients treated by irradiation (32.4%) or chemotherapy alone (12.5%). On this basis, a new program of treatment of locally advanced, inoperable breast cancer has been proposed. PMID- 6683437 TI - [Streptokinase immobilization in insoluble carriers, and properties of the immobilized protein]. AB - Immobilization of streptokinase was performed by bromine cyan-activated cellulose and by aminoethyl cellulose using glutaric aldehyde and N-cyclohexyl-N'-[2-(4 morpholinyl)-ethyl-carbodiimide. The specific activator activity of the immobilized streptokinase is 70-100% of that of free streptokinase. In multiple application of the immobilized protein preparations streptokinase obtained by bromine cyan-activated cellulose is the most stable: it retains more than 40% of initial activity after 10 repeated applications. The immobilized streptokinase is shown to be more thermostable as compared to the soluble one. PMID- 6683438 TI - [Therapeutic plasmapheresis. Possible indications]. PMID- 6683439 TI - New approach to study of voiding cycle in cat. Preliminary report on pharmacologic studies. AB - The effect of autonomic active agents were studied on 23 anesthetized cats. The parameters recorded were circular and longitudinal urethral muscles, and bladder muscle contractions and relaxation as well as intravesical pressure during voiding cycles. Cholinergic stimulant (bethanechol) and blockage (atropine) excited or inhibited the bladder muscle and minimally affected the urethra. Alpha adrenergic stimulant (norepinephrine) in nonatropinized animals produced mild stimulation on the bladder, and longitudinal-circular urethral muscle synergia appeared to be inadequate. In atropinized animals norepinephrine produced the reverse effect, causing marked inhibition. Alpha blockade (phentolamine) disinhibited the receptors mainly in the bladder and improved the urethral synergia. Beta stimulant (isoproterenol) inhibited the bladder and urethral muscles, and beta blockade (propranolol) stimulated the bladder and urethral muscles. PMID- 6683440 TI - [Gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland in sexual disorders with an interoreceptive genesis]. PMID- 6683441 TI - [Gynecological problems and sexuality of women in later adulthood]. PMID- 6683442 TI - [Pregnancy date disk for inserting into prenatal records]. AB - A pregnancy calculating disk - a loose-leaf insert for the antenatal record card- is intended to improve and relieve the prenatal service. A pregnancy calculating disk together with tables containing signs of risks and times for consultations helps towards speedy orientation in daily practice. The data displayed in graphic form gives the pregnant women information on the official guide-lines regarding recommended consultations and ultrasonic examinations during the course of a normal pregnancy. PMID- 6683443 TI - [Results and experiences with an autocorrelating ultrasonic cardiotocograph]. AB - We present the results and experiences with a prototype cardiotocograph with US autocorrelation processing. As this method is fundamentally different from conventional signal processing we are entering into the particular problems of this new FHR-technology. A total of 70 antepartum fetal rate recording from 53 patients and 38 intrapartum CTGs were evaluated. The antepartum results were excellent, the application time could be minimized and the quality of the recordings has been essentially improved. With the intrapartum recordings a computer comparison of long and short time irregularity of FHR derived from US autocorrelation and direct fetal EKG was performed. The results proofed an excellent approximation to beat-to beat recording using the US-autocorrelation technique. The idea of using the new method intrapartum instead of invasive CTG could not be realised. This was due to a increasing loss of signal with progress of labor. To exclude maternal HR interferences the new monitor is supposed to record maternal heart rate simultaneously to FHR. PMID- 6683444 TI - [External cardiotocography in movement. Autocorrelation technic, an initial step for external telemetric cardiotocography?]. AB - Ultrasonocardiograms with autocorrelation technique were registered in 60 women from 24th to 41th week of pregnancy. Registration was first done in lying position for 10 minutes, then for another 10-20 minutes in sitting position, thereafter in standing position and finally during walking around. The registration quality was good with rare gaps: median range of gaptime 1-3, 6% in the lying, 0-6% in the sitting, 0-4% in the standing and 1.8-6.4% in the walking patient. Fitting corrections of the transducer were needed nearly only when changing from lying to sitting position. In 18 parturients external ultrasonocardiography in autocorrelation technique and telemetric direct fECG cardiography gave nearly identical registrations. PMID- 6683445 TI - [Possibilities for error in the pulsed Doppler method for measuring blood flow in the fetus]. AB - Fetal blood flow volume was measured non-invasively by means of a pulsed Doppler instrument in 35 patients between the 30th and 41st week of gestation. In the descending fetal aorta the mean blood flow volume was 230 +/- 44 ml/min/kg, in the umbilical vein 121 +/- 27 ml/min/kg. The relatively large range of the individual variations from the mean value (up to almost 20%) was due to 1/2 to the determination of the vessel diameter and to 1/2 to the Doppler measurement itself. The investigations performed show that the Doppler technique permits a rough quantitative statement about fetal blood flow volume. However, the relative large range of variation does not allow a clinical assessment, to date. PMID- 6683446 TI - [Labor maturity of the cervix. III. Dependence of course and duration of labor on cervix criteria]. PMID- 6683447 TI - [Changes in body size of newborn infants in the last 20 years (1959-1979)--a contribution on the "acceleration" problem]. AB - Body length of newborns decreased in the last 20 years more than one centimeter, as was borne out by an analysis of bare 9000 births from 1959 to 1964 and more than 20 000 births from 1965 to 1979. This is contradictory to analysis other authors, they found, that in our century the length of newborns increased continuous. The authors suppose, that in comparison to other investigations in the past and this days, the length of newborns was not significant influenced since the beginning of our century but the length rocks in course of the years about than one centimeter. The earlier findings of the author, body length of newborns was found to be influenced clearly by both parity and mother's age will be prove true. PMID- 6683448 TI - [Determination of flow velocities in the human coronary system using a computer assisted cine-videodensitometric system]. PMID- 6683449 TI - On a quantitative determination of antibodies to lipids and proteins. AB - The amount of precipitating antibodies in monospecific lipid- and protein antisera was determined by quantitative precipitation reactions according to the methods of Heidelberger and Kendall. Antisera were obtained by immunization of rabbits. Fragments of the thylakoid membrane from Antirrhinum chloroplasts were used as antigens for the binding of antibodies. These fragments had a diameter of 100 A. They were composed of 51% proteins and 39% lipids. It was found that antisera to the lipids mono-, tri- and digalactosyl diglyceride, sulfoquinovosyl diglyceride and phosphatidyl glycerol contained 20 to 92 micrograms precipitating antibodies per ml serum. In antisera to the coupling factor of photophosphorylation, cytochrome f, a polypeptide with the apparent MW 24000 and a serum to the total protein of the lamellar system 23 to 99 micrograms were found. In chloroplast antisera the amount of all precipitating lipid- and protein antibodies amounted to 765 micrograms per ml. The described antisera originated from blood that had been withdrawn from the test animals 4 to 10 week after antigen injection. PMID- 6683450 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors reduce Cannabis and restraint stress induced increase in rat brain serotonin concentrations. AB - Cannabis resin (CI) produced a dose-related increase in rat brain serotonin concentrations, whereas restraint stress produced maximal rise of the neurotransmitter concentrations at 1 h, followed by a tendency to normalise by 4 h. The prostaglandin (PG) synthesis inhibitors, diclofenac and paracetamol, antagonized CI and restraint stress induced rise in serotonin concentrations. The findings lend credence to earlier reports that PG synthesis inhibitors antagonize serotonin-mediated neuropharmacological actions of CI and restraint stress in rats. PMID- 6683451 TI - [Unusual suicides with animal anesthesia devices]. PMID- 6683452 TI - [Vaginal metroplasty]. PMID- 6683453 TI - [Significance of chromosome analysis in habitual abortion]. AB - Between 1973 and 1981 94 married couples and 13 women with habitual abortion were investigated cytogenetically. -- We found six chromosomal translocations (two translocations of Robertson type and four autosomal reciprocal translocations). Five individuals had typical variants of heterochromatin. PMID- 6683454 TI - [Immunobiological effects of a decimeter-range electromagnetic field in its exposure over the area of the thyroid gland]. AB - The immunological effect caused by the influence of the local action of the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) electromagnetic field on the projection zone of the thyroid gland was studied. The action of UHF waves shown to be capable of producing both immunostimulating and immunosuppressing effects; their manifestation depended on the period of immunogenesis, affected by the action of UHF waves. The synthesis of nonspecific immunoglobulins showed greater resistance to the suppressive action of UHF waves than the synthesis of specific immunoglobulins, i.e. antibodies. The activation of the thyroid gland under the influence of UHF waves occurred before the immunostimulating effect was observed. PMID- 6683456 TI - [Histological findings of the enucleated eyeball after argon laser iridotomy]. PMID- 6683457 TI - [Effects of laser iridotomy using Abraham lens on the ocular tissue--geometrical optical evaluation]. PMID- 6683455 TI - Spontaneous lower motor neuron disease with neurofibrillary accumulation in young pigs. AB - A spontaneous neurologic disease occurred in six 5 weeks old Yorkshire pigs of both sexes from four litters sired by one boar. Clinically, the disease was characterized initially by bilateral posterior ataxia and weakness which rapidly progressed to tetraplegia by 10 weeks of age. By light microscopy, there was bilateral neuronal chromatolysis, degeneration and loss restricted to motor nuclei in the ventral horns of the spinal cord, in the medulla oblongata and midbrain. In addition to diffuse Wallerian-type degeneration in the spinal cord white matter and ventral peripheral nerve roots, there was prominent neurogenic atrophy of skeletal muscle. Ultrastructurally, the perikaryon and processes of affected neurons contained massive accumulations of single 10 nm diameter neurofilaments. Copper concentrations of both the commercially prepared ration and the livers were within normal limits. PMID- 6683458 TI - HeLa nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal binding proteins for vitamin A compounds. AB - HeLa cells cultured in Eagle's medium incorporate and metabolize (3H) 11,12 retinyl acetate: TLC analysis of vitamin A extracts shows that no more than 7% of retinyl acetate is recovered from the cell sap, whole homogenate, nuclei, mitochondria and microsomes. Physiological active vitamin A compounds (retinol, retinal and retinoic acid) represent about 65% of the vitamin A extracted from homogenate, nuclei, mitochondria and microsomes. 1% SDS extracts of nuclei and mitochondria were analyzed by PAG electrophoresis. Nuclear electrophoregrams show vitamin A radioactivity in three zones of the gel corresponding to proteins with molecular weights of 15,000; 19,000 and 23,000 respectively. In mitochondrial electrophoregrams vitamin A radioactivity is located in three zones of the gel, corresponding to proteins with molecular weights of 16,500, 24,000 and 85,000 respectively. PMID- 6683460 TI - Clinical significance of myocardial bridges. PMID- 6683461 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. PMID- 6683459 TI - Myocardial bridges in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6683462 TI - Discrete subaortic stenosis associated with congenital valvular aortic stenosis- a diagnostic challenge. AB - Discrete subaortic stenosis has only rarely been reported in association with congenital valvular aortic stenosis. The valvular lesion may obscure the subaortic stenosis or may be obscured by it. Our experience with seven such cases (10% of our 71 patients with discrete subaortic stenosis) is reported and the diagnostic problems are discussed. In six cases the discrete subaortic stenosis was membranous and in one it was a fibromuscular tunnel. Two patients had associated coarctation of the aorta, two had aortic insufficiency, and one had a ventricular septal defect. An important clinical clue to the diagnosis was an ejection systolic click, which was found in four patients. Four patients were accurately diagnosed at cardiac catheterization. Two patients, in whom cross sectional echocardiography (2DE) was performed, were accurately diagnosed by it. PMID- 6683463 TI - Amrinone therapy for congestive heart failure in outpatients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - Amrinone, 100 mg orally every 8 hours, was administered to 13 patients with moderate-to-severe congestive heart failure (CHF) for 1 month on an outpatient basis to determine the beneficial and undesirable effects of this new cardioactive agent in this clinical setting. These subjects received conventional CHF medications during the course of study. Ten patients who received conventional CHF medications alone served as a control group. Changes in functional classification were not significantly different between the 2 treatment groups. Amrinone augmented exercise capacity 37% above baseline compared with a 12% improvement for the control group. Noninvasive indexes of resting left ventricular function (echocardiography and systolic time intervals) did not change significantly for either group, nor was there a significant change in the exercise ejection fraction. All patients treated with amrinone had greater than or equal to 1 symptom-related or laboratory-detected adverse effect. An increase in the frequency of ventricular ectopic beats was noted at rest in 4 and with exercise in 6 patients (salvos of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 2). Six subjects treated with amrinone had gastrointestinal symptoms and 8 developed a viral-like illness. Other adverse effects noted in the amrinone treated group included near-syncope, headaches, marked anxiety, chest pain, palpitations, maculopapular rash, hypokalemia, and elevation of serum transaminase levels. The control patients had significantly fewer adverse effects. Although individual patients with CHF may benefit from long-term amrinone therapy, the low benefit-to-risk-adverse effect ratio does not warrant widespread application of this drug in the outpatient management of CHF and requires caution when prescribing. PMID- 6683464 TI - Idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy: differences of left ventricular relaxation and diastolic wave forms from constrictive pericarditis. PMID- 6683466 TI - DiGeorge's syndrome and fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 6683465 TI - Cis-platinum in the treatment of advanced or recurrent adenocarcinoma of the ovary. A phase II study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. AB - Thirty-seven patients with advanced or recurrent adenocarcinoma of the ovary no longer amenable to control with surgery, radiation therapy, or higher prior chemotherapy were treated with cis-platinum, 50 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks. Among the 37 patients, three patients had a clinical complete response (8%) and six had a partial response (16%). Twenty-three demonstrated stable disease (62%), while five demonstrated rapidly increasing disease (14%). Median response duration was 5 months and median survival was 10+ months. Responders survived longer than nonresponders (p = 0.01). Adverse effects included leukopenia (26/37), thrombocytopenia (19/37), nausea and vomiting (35/37), and azotemia (19/37). Adverse effects were generally mild to moderate and tolerable. Cis-platinum thus appears to be highly active in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the ovary at the dose and schedule tested. PMID- 6683467 TI - Determinants of diurnal bladder control with institutionalized mentally retarded individuals. AB - The level of diurnal bladder control of 209 persons from two residential facilities for mentally retarded individuals was investigated. Seven independent variables pertaining to individual and environmental characteristics were related to the level of bladder control. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the level of bladder control was related to the size of the residents' living groups as well as their accessibility to the toilet facility. Several post hoc statistical tests indicated differences between female and male and older and younger residents on variables such as size of living group, age of admission, and access to ward's toilet facility. Results were discussed in terms of their use for toilet-training efforts and providers of services to institutionalized retarded persons. PMID- 6683468 TI - Aztreonam, the first of a unique class of beta-lactam antibiotics: in vitro activity. PMID- 6683470 TI - Levels of social organization and male-female bonding in the genus Papio. AB - Pair-bonding in the genus Papio seems to be the result of fusion of troops as well as fission. When troop segments regularly split and join again, males who permanently maintain exclusive access to a few females may have an advantage over males who compete for all females who are in estrus. When two or more troops regularly fuse, this advantage may be greatly increased. PMID- 6683469 TI - Interstitial pregnancy: early diagnosis by ultrasonography. PMID- 6683471 TI - Time course of chronic desipramine on shock-elicited fighting in rats. PMID- 6683472 TI - Monitoring the reactions of cisplatin with nucleotides and methionine by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography using cationic and anionic pairing ions. AB - Methodology, based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, is described for monitoring the reactions of cisplatin with DNA, nucleotides, and methionine. Cisplatin was determined in DNA ultrafiltrates on solvent-generated anion exchangers which were prepared by coating the surface of a reversed-phase column with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. These systems were also applicable to studies on the reactions of cisplatin with nucleotides. The retention of the nucleotides studied (5'-AMP, 5'-GMP, 5'-CMP, and 5'-TMP) was described by means of an ion-exchange model and was manipulated by controlling the phosphate concentration in the mobile phase and its pH. The results indicate that cisplatin interacts predominantly with adenosine and guanosine groups on the DNA molecule and that binding is limited by the rate of conversion to an aquated intermediate. Whereas reversed-phase HPLC systems employing cationic pairing ions were applicable to the analysis of mixtures containing cisplatin and anionic solutes, systems employing alkyl sulfonates were required to monitor the reaction of cisplatin with methionine which produces cationic products. Retention, in this latter system, was optimized by the addition of acetonitrile to the mobile phase and by controlling the concentration and chain length of alkylsulfonate in the mobile phase. Although an octadecylsilylsilica, reversed-phase column was preferred for the analytical separation of the methionine-platinum complexes, a polystyrene-divinylbenzene colume was preferred for preparative work. PMID- 6683473 TI - Effect of albumin on binding and recovery of enzymes in affinity chromatography on Cibacron Blue. AB - Bovine serum albumin appears to improve the specificity of Cibacron Blue F3GA in affinity chromatography of enzymes which interact with nucleotides. The action of bovine serum albumin may rest in its ability to selectively mask affinity sites in the dye, which are not specific for the nucleotide-binding region of the enzyme, while not seriously impairing binding nor its elution by nucleotides. Thus, the elution of Chlorella nitrate reductase from a Blue Sepharose chromatographic column by its coenzyme, NADH, fails, unless the column is first treated with bovine serum albumin. Such treatment also improves the recovery of some other nucleotide-binding enzymes tested. PMID- 6683474 TI - A chemiluminescence assay specific for the microsomal metabolite, benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol. AB - It is possible to assay for trans-7,8-dihydroxy 7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]-pyrene (BP 7,8-dihydrodiol) in complex metabolite mixtures produced during microsomal metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) because only the BP-7,8-dihydrodiol metabolite will produce significant chemiluminescence (CL) in the NaOCl-H2O2 singlet oxygen generating system. The limiting CL sensitivity is 30 pmol in a 1-ml CL reaction mixture. CL assays for BP-7,8-dihydrodiol in microsomal reaction solutions gave concentrations identical with those determined by calibrated high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6683475 TI - Vaginal and uterine microflora of adult dogs. AB - Aerobic and anaerobic microflora were identified and quantitated in 82 vaginal and 78 uterine samples obtained from mature bitches during different stages of the estrous cycle. The mean +/- SD of total bacterial counts/100 mg of vaginal contents of the 82 bitches was log 5.0 +/- 1.5, ranging from log 2.4 to log 8.8. The count at the estrous stage (log 7.8 +/- 0.7) was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that at the anestrus (log 4.4 +/- 1.0), pregnancy (log 5.9 +/- 1.3), and postpartum (log 5.1 +/- 1.5) stages. The common organisms isolated from the vaginas were Bacteroidaceae, streptococci, Pasteurella spp, and mycoplasmas. Organisms were isolated from 48 (68%) of 78 uterine samples. The range of total counts/100 mg of uterine contents was from log 1.6 to log 8.3. Staphylococci and mycoplasmas were frequently isolated from the uterine contents. Although many uterine microfloras were similar to vaginal microfloras, some uterine culture had a single isolate identified. There were no pathologic findings in most of the uteri. Seemingly, vaginal bacteria frequently flow into the uterus, yet they rarely cause uterine infection. PMID- 6683476 TI - Estrogen-induced bone marrow depression in ferrets. AB - The administration of estrogen-induced severe bone marrow depression in 9 of 12 ferrets, independent of sex (male, female) or ovariohysterectomy. Resultant pancytopenia was manifested by subcutaneous petechiae, melena, hematomyelia, pale mucous membranes, pale bone marrow, centrilobular hepatic degeneration, hydrometra, and pyometra. These findings are compatible with the naturally occurring estrus-associated anemia seen in female ferrets. PMID- 6683477 TI - Improved method for recovering ascarid and other helminth eggs from soil associated with epizootics and during survey studies. AB - Two noncentrifugal and 5 centrifugal flotation methods for the recovery of infective Baylisascaris procyonis eggs from contaminated soil were evaluated after an epizootic of fatal cerebrospinal nematodiasis in bobwhites. All involved the use of inexpensive, readily available materials and routine procedures. In all but 1 of the methods, sizes of the soil samples were 30 g; in 1 centrifugal method, the sample size was 1 g. The centrifugal methods included various combinations of (i) anionic detergent (Tween) pretreatment of the soil, (ii) 3 X washing of the sediment, (iii) NaNO3 or ZnSO4 flotation solution, and (iv) resuspension and reexamination of the sediment. By the 30-g sample centrifugal methods, significantly more eggs (av 251 to 448) were recovered than by the noncentrifugal methods (av 7 and 12) or the 1-g sample method (av 44). In the most efficacious method, the combination of Tween pretreatment, washed sediment, NaNO3 flotation solution, and resuspension/reexamination of the sediment was used. This method was tested against the 1-g sample method on soil from a naturally occurring infection of Toxocara cati visceral larva migrans in a child. On initial examination of 5 areas, 3 to 10 eggs were recovered by the 30-g sample method vs 0 eggs by the 1-g sample method. Using sandbox soil and 10 replicates each, recoveries by the 30-g sample method averaged 9.2 eggs/replicate (range 5 to 12) and those by the 1-g sample method, 0.1 eggs (range 0 to 1). PMID- 6683478 TI - [Course and prognosis of primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathies]. AB - 33 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were followed for a mean duration of 48 months. 29 of them were reviewed; 6 had died, including 4 with a familial form belonging to two different families. No cases of sudden death were observed. The mortality rate was 4 p. cent at 1 year, 11 p. cent at two years and 21 p. cent at 5 years. The clinical course was marked by a functional deterioration in one third of cases and, one echocardiography, by an increase in the diastolic diameter of the left ventricle and in the thickness of the septum, independent of the clinical course. Subjects from "high risk" families have a very poor prognosis (4 deaths out of 7 patients at an average age of 25). These families present major conductive disturbances on the electrocardiogram and a very marked parietal hypertrophy on the echocardiogram. No other prognosis factor independent of the familial aspect was revealed. PMID- 6683479 TI - [Angiosarcoma localized in the right cardiac cavities. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report the case of a young 26 years old man admitted for abundant fluid pericarditis which was rapidly recurrent, requiring two perocardial punctures and a surgical drainage. The two dimensional echocardiogram demonstrated a large right atrio-ventricular tumour with infiltration of the right ventricular wall, suggesting its malignant nature. After confirmation by right angiography and in view of the rapid cardiovascular deterioration, it was decided to operate. The surgery was only exploratory; not even palliative surgery was possible for this tumour mass invading the right atrium, the right ventricle and the pericardium. Histology revealed it to be an angiosarcoma. PMID- 6683480 TI - Striatal and limbic dopamine function: evidence from animal studies. PMID- 6683481 TI - Isolation of satratoxins from the bedding straw of a sheep flock with fatal stachybotryotoxicosis. AB - During a period of several weeks, more than 100 sheep died at a Hungarian farm. The animals exhibited fleece loosing, and hemorrhaging was the most important autopsy finding. Pasteurella haemolytica was cultured from various organs. The bedding straw was abundantly covered with Stachybotrys atra, and removal of the straw stopped the disease. Methanol extraction of the bedding straw followed by solvent partitioning, column chromatography, preparative thin-layer chromatography, and high-pressure liquid chromatography led to the isolation of satratoxins G and H, which were characterized by thin-layer chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, and mass spectroscopy. This is the first isolation and characterization of toxins from a field sample of material responsible for an outbreak of stachybotryotoxicosis. PMID- 6683482 TI - The A protomer of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, as an active peptide catalyzing ADP-ribosylation of a membrane protein. AB - Islet-activating protein (IAP), pertussis toxin, is an oligomeric protein composed of as A protomer and a B oligomer. IAP and its A protomer were equipotent, on a molar basis, in enhancing GTP-dependent adenylate cyclase activity and in causing ADP-ribosylation of the 41,000 Mr protein when directly added to the cell-free membrane preparation from rat C6 glioma cells. Similar actions of IAP observed upon its addition to intact C6 cells were not mimicked by its A protomer, indicating that the A protomer had to be associated with the B oligomer to become accessible to its site of action on the inner surface of the membrane of intact cells. The A protomer, but not IAP, exhibited NAD glycohydrolase activity in the reaction mixture lacking cellular components but containing dithiothreitol. Their actions on membranes were not accelerated by dithiothreitol, but markedly suppressed by oxidized glutathione. Thus, C6 cell membranes may possess certain "processing" enzyme(s) responsible for releasing the A protomer from the IAP molecule and for reductive cleavage of an intrachain disulfide bond in the released protomer, thereby producing an active peptide which functions to cause ADP-ribosylation of one of the subunits of guanine nucleotide regulatory protein in the receptor-adenylate cyclase system. PMID- 6683483 TI - [Treatment of advanced ovarian cancer with cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (CDDP) as single agent or cddp in combination with adriamycin (ADM)]. AB - Twenty-five patients with advanced ovarian cancer were treated with Cis dichlorodiammneplatinum (CD-DP) 50 mg/m2 as single agent or CDDP 50 mg/m2 in combination with adriamycin (ADM) 50 mg/m2. Both CDDP and CDDP-ADM combination were administered intravenously. Thirteen patients received CDDP alone and twelve patients received CDDP-ADM combination. The single agent activity of CDDP produced a complete response (CR) of 23.1% and a partial response of 15.4% with an overall response rate of 38.5%. The combination of CDDP and ADM gave a response of 58.3% (CR 25.0%, PR 33.3%). Thus, the combination of CDDP and ADM produced a response rate superior to that of CDDP alone. These clinical findings were supported by our investigation of novel experimental therapies in 7, 12 dimethylbenz (a) anthracene induced rat ovarian cancer. PMID- 6683484 TI - [Anticancer regimen combined with methylprednisolone--its antiemetic effect]. AB - Methylprednisolone was given to 8 patients receiving CDDP-containing chemotherapy. Of 8 patients, 7 patients achieved complete relief of nausea and emesis and 1 patient obtained partial elimination of symptoms. All these patients had consistent history of severe nausea and emesis before the methylpredisolone trial. At present, a potential effect of methylprednisolone on chemotherapy has not been known. In a case of testicular cancer the titer of tumor markers decreased straight on a table of logarithms. PMID- 6683485 TI - [Intra-arterial infusion through 2 routes in liver (primary and metastatic cancer]. AB - Patients with unresectable liver cancer (primary and metastatic) were treated with a newly-devised arterial infusion chemotherapy using Cis-DDP and its antidote Sodium thiosulfate (STS). The patients consisted of 4 with primary hepatoma and 1 with metastatic liver cancer originated from intestinal cancer. For the purpose of reducing unfavourable side effects without changing anticancer effect, Cis-DDP was infused into hepatic artery through the catheter while STS being administered systemically. According to Koyama and Saito's criteria, 2 of 5 patients showed partial response (PR) and the others showed no change (NC). The median survival time after onset of therapy was 6.6 months ranging from 2 to 11 months in all the patients. The myelosuppression and renal toxicity, which were considered to be the most serious side effects of Cis-DDP, were not found and liver function was not affected in all the patients. However, all the patients complained of nausea and vomiting. Thus, our experience has indicated that this newly devised infusion chemotherapy is a promising method for treating unresectable liver cancer, although further efforts are necessary for reducing the gastrointestinal toxicity. PMID- 6683486 TI - Determinants of variations in breast milk protective factor concentrations of rural Gambian mothers. AB - The concentrations of 7 immunoproteins (IgA, IgG, IgM, the complement components C3 and C4, lactoferrin, and lysozyme) in the breast milk of 152 rural west African women were measured as part of a semilongitudinal study to assess their importance in infant health. Each mother maintained a characteristic level of production of immunoproteins relative to other mothers, and the concentration of each immunoprotein within each woman was correlated positively with the others. Parity was the major determinant of ranking and mothers of parity 1 and 2 produced the highest concentrations of immunoproteins. Except for lysozyme, infants' intake of these protective factors decreased in early lactation, but infants aged 1-2 years still received substantial amounts. The daily intakes by Gambian infants were similar to or higher than those of infants in Cambridge, United Kingdom. A marked seasonal increase in infant morbidity was not accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of protective factors in mothers' milk. PMID- 6683487 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura during penicillamine therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) developed in a patient with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after 2 1/2 months of treatment with penicillamine. After discontinuation of the drug, plasmapheresis and steroid therapy led to a sustained remission. To our knowledge, no prior cases of penicillamine-induced TTP in RA have been reported. PMID- 6683488 TI - [Effect of parenteral administration of iron on experimental Pasteurella multocida infection in mice and swine]. PMID- 6683490 TI - [Cerebro-meningeal hemorrhage in the initial stage of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 6683489 TI - [Model immunization of mice for comparative testing of systemic and local administration of antigens. 1. Detection of antibody-producing cells and hemagglutinins following immunization with sheep erythrocytes]. PMID- 6683491 TI - [Tumors of the vitelline sac located in the vagina in children. Apropos of 11 cases]. AB - Eleven infants were treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy between 1967 and 1980 for a yolk sac tumor localized to vagina. All the children had high serum alpha foetoprotein levels. The average age was 10 months and the first symptoms were vaginal hemorrhages. The volume of the tumor and tumoral extension, as well as the biopsy, were appreciated by vaginal examination under general anesthesia. Treatment fluctuated during these years; 7/11 children were cured and since 1977, 6/8 (average follow-up 3 1/2 years) with the following therapeutic schedule: primary chemotherapy reducing the tumoral volume, and either partial colpectomy or curietherapy or both. So, these 6 girls were cured with a conservative treatment, preserving uterus and vagina. Two of them had moderate sequelae due to curietherapy. PMID- 6683492 TI - Lead and hyperactivity revisited. An investigation of nondisadvantaged children. AB - The purposes of this study were to examine whether hyperactive children had elevated lead levels, to assess whether lead levels were associated with poor psychometric performance in hyperactive children, and to replicate previous reports of hyperactive children with perinatal insult having lower lead levels than those with normal perinatal history. Hyperactive, learning-disabled children and normal siblings were studied. The hyperactive children had higher chelated urine lead levels than their own siblings. Other contrasts were not significant. Cognitive performances and lead levels were weakly associated in the hyperactive sample. Contrary to previous reports, lead levels and perinatal complications were not negatively correlated. These results support the notion that lead levels are weakly associated with hyperactive disorders. PMID- 6683493 TI - [Recent information on glutathione-S-transferases and ligandin in animals and man]. AB - Recent developments in the study of glutathione-S-transferase and ligandine show the central role of GSH-transferase activity in pathological organs and processes. The data are a coherent indication of the effort to define the pharmacological significance of this enzyme group from the biochemical and kinetic point of view. PMID- 6683495 TI - [The effect of nootropil on the cerebral cortex ultrastructure in rats subjected to chronic alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 6683494 TI - An immunological study of infection of hamsters with large and small plaque canine distemper viruses. AB - The small plaque virus (SPV), derived from the Onderstepoort strain of canine distemper virus (CDV) does not cause a lethal encephalitis in weanling hamsters. When we immunosuppressed hamsters infected with this virus they developed an acute disease, similar to that produced by the large plaque virus (LPV). Passive transfer of maternal antibody from SPV infected mothers to their offspring was effective in preventing acute disease following LPV infection. Co-infection of animals with both LPV and SPV resulted in increased hamster survival, associated with high titres of serum antibody. Similarly, heat inactivated SPV, present during infection with LPV, increased the survival rate. Heat inactivated LPV did not inhibit acute disease, although hamsters had high titres of neutralizing antibody. A small number of animals developed a delayed or recurring paralysis after immunosuppression, exposure to maternal antibody or co-infection. It would appear that the neurovirulence of CDV for hamsters can be modified by altering the levels of circulating antibody early in infection. PMID- 6683496 TI - Micturition physiology in the geriatric patient. PMID- 6683497 TI - Central serous choroidopathy in pregnancy. AB - Central serous choroidopathy is an infrequent complication of pregnancy. A serous detachment of the macula was seen in three women during the course of their normal pregnancy. All patients showed resolution of the macular serous detachment in the third trimester, with resultant retinal pigment epithelial mottling; symptoms resolved in all patients post partum. Laboratory testing was not beneficial in establishing the cause of this disorder. PMID- 6683498 TI - Rips in the pigment epithelium. AB - Rips of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are an uncommon complication of RPE detachment. We suspect that RPE rips are the result of tractional forces acting along the margin of the detached RPE, and that the risk of tearing is greatly enhanced by laser photocoagulation. Rips of the RPE have a characteristic clinical and angiographic appearance. There is a slight tendency for rips to occur bilaterally. Rips may be difficult to recognize because of healing of the RPE defect. This unusual clinical entity may, in fact, be more common than was previously appreciated. PMID- 6683499 TI - Competitive radioimmunoassays using hybridoma and anti-idiotype antibodies in identification of antibody responses to, and antigens of, Schistosoma japonicum. AB - A hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody, I.134, with apparent specificity for Schistosoma japonicum adult worms has immunodiagnostic potential for schistosomiasis japonica in the Philippines. Sera from known infected individuals will inhibit the binding of 125I-labelled I.134 to a crude adult worm extract (AWE) in a competitive radioimmunoassay (CRIA), although a 10% false negative rate has been noted. Another monoclonal antibody, P.41, which produces circumoval precipitation (COP) reactions with S. japonicum eggs was shown previously not to be useful in identification of heavily infected individuals using a CRIA with extracted egg antigens (EA). However, the 125I-P.41/EA assay has now been demonstrated to be capable of detecting a small subset of infected persons. Thus, four infected individuals with serum COP reactions shown to be consistently of the bleb type only (and with no segmented precipitates seen in the optimized COP test) have serum inhibitory activity in the P.41 CRIA. These same sera are negative in the I.134 CRIA. Unsuccessful attempts have been made to substitute a large pool of affinity-purified anti-I.134 idiotypic (Id) antibodies for antigen (i.e. AWE) in the immunodiagnostic I.134 CRIA. However, anti-Id CRIAs have been shown to be useful in monitoring the isolation of target antigens of hybridoma anti-schistosome antibodies. The availability of a range of hybridoma antibody based CRIAs will greatly facilitate the quantitative analysis of anti-S. japonicum antibody specificities in sera from clinically defined patient groups and the isolation of antigens of immunoparasitological interest. PMID- 6683500 TI - The nature of dystokia in ewes after grazing oestrogenic subterranean clover. PMID- 6683501 TI - Thelazia gulosa in cattle. PMID- 6683502 TI - Survival of coccidia in poultry litter and reservoirs of infection. AB - The survival of coccidia was studied in poultry litter, dust, soil, and invertebrate animals. The populations of coccidia in litter were recorded during broiler growout in 16 broiler houses and in floor-pen trials involving anticoccidial drugs. The viability of oocysts declined rapidly in poultry litter regardless of the species; it was retained best in 40% moisture at 4 C. Sporocysts from broken oocytes did not survive even short exposure to poultry litter. Survival of oocysts was poorest at temperatures higher than 4 C, regardless of the carrier. In four floor-pen experiments designed to study the efficacy of anticoccidial drugs, the oocyst counts correlated in a general way with lesion scores and performance, indicating the oocyst counts might be useful along with other parameters to judge the effectiveness of drugs. Coccidia were transmitted to susceptible chicks by feeding them darkling beetles, flies, or house dust from poultry houses. More carrier samples were positive during the warmer months. Oocyst counts in litter of commercial poultry houses were very low during the first or last weeks of broiler growout but were high during the normal 3-to-6-week stress period. These results confirm the poor survival of oocysts in poultry litter and suggest that carryover from one flock to the next depends on the survival of a few oocysts in dust or arthropod vectors. PMID- 6683503 TI - Comparison of the two purified allozymes (1B and 1A) of X-linked phosphoglycerate kinase in the mouse. AB - The two allelic isozymes (wild-type 1B and the electrophoretic variant 1A) of mouse X-linked phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK-1) have been purified by affinity chromatography. The following properties were determined for both forms: molecular weight, specific activity, nucleotide specificity, Km values of the four substrates, Ki of the ATP-ribosyladipoyldihydrazo-Mg complex, turnover number, activation energy, pH and ionic strength dependence, thermostability, content of free sulfhydryl groups, and antibody cross-reactivity. With the exception of specific activity and thermostability, both allozymes appear to be identical in all properties. The higher in vitro specific activity of the 1B allozyme may be due to the higher thermostability. No antigenic difference could be detected between the two allozymes. PMID- 6683504 TI - Further evidence for a flexible and highly expanded spheroidal model for mucus glycoproteins in solution. AB - The flexible and greatly expanded roughly spherical model for mucus glycoproteins proposed earlier, on the basis of hydrodynamic and n.m.r. data, is supported by new hydrodynamic results on a bronchial glycoprotein from a cystic-fibrosis patient. Furthermore, images from electron microscopy of this molecule and a lower-molecular-weight mucus glycoprotein (which closely resembles a glycopolypeptide) appear to be at least consistent with this model. PMID- 6683506 TI - Immuno chemical characterization of nitrate reductase from spinach leaves and roots. AB - Nitrate reductase from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves was purified to homogeneity and specific antibodies against the protein were raised by the immunization of rabbits. Using immunodiffusion and immunoprecipitation techniques, the enzymes from leaves and roots were compared. It was demonstrated that the two nitrate reductases were different proteins on the basis of their antigenic behaviour. PMID- 6683507 TI - Potential antineoplastics. 7th Comm.: introduction of a nitrogen mustard group into the 6 alpha-position of estradiol. PMID- 6683508 TI - The utility of information content, structural information content, hydrophobicity and van der Waals volume in the design of barbiturates and tumor inhibitory triazenes. A comparative study. PMID- 6683505 TI - Induction of peroxisomal enzymes in livers of neonatal rats exposed to lactating mothers treated with hypolipidaemic drugs. Role of drug metabolite transfer in milk. AB - Lactating rats were administered by gavage 100 mg/kg body wt. twice a day of either nafenopin or Wy-14,643, two hypolipidaemic drugs with hepatic peroxisome proliferative property. Neonatal rats, after feeding from the drug-treated mothers for 8-14 days, showed sustained increases in both the proliferation of hepatic peroxisomes, as well as in levels of the peroxisome-associated enzymes catalase (3-fold), carnitine acetyltransferase (15-35-fold), peroxisomal enoyl CoA hydratase (29-46-fold), and palmitoyl-CoA oxidation (12-14-fold). These increases in enzyme activities in suckling rats were similar to those seen in the livers of the drug-treated, lactating mothers after 14 days of treatment. After administering [3H]nafenopin or [3H]Wy-14,643 to lactating rats, significant levels of drug-derived radioactivity were observed in suckling rat gastric milk curds by 2-4 h with significant radioactivity seen in suckling rat livers by 4-6 h. T.l.c. analysis of organic extracts of milk samples from [3H]Wy-14,643 treated animals indicated no detectable levels of the parent drug, only more-polar metabolites. Wy-14,643 metabolites preparatively purified from a rat liver microsomal fraction incubation induced peroxisome proliferation when injected into a neonatal rat. Preparative high pressure liquid chromatography purification and mass spectral analysis has allowed preliminary assessment of the structures of the Wy-14,643 microsomal metabolites. It is concluded that one or more of the metabolite fractions of Wy-14,643 transferred in milk exert the biological ability to induce peroxisome proliferation and peroxisomal enzymes in neonatal livers. PMID- 6683509 TI - Study of quantitative structure-activity relationship of N,N'-dibenzoyl-1,2-di-(4 pyridyl)ethylenediamines. PMID- 6683510 TI - [Effect of nitrofurylpropenylidene benzhydrazides against trichomonads, bacteria, yeasts and fungi with particular consideration of the results in the Ames test and host-mediated assay]. AB - 11 out of 13 N-[3-[5-nitrofuryl-(2)-propenylidene)]-benzhydrazides described by us showed an in vitro activity against T. vaginalis almost equivalent to or approaching that of the standard substances metronidazole and tinidazole. One compound was markedly more effective; two compounds exhibited much weaker activity than the two reference substances. In the model of the T. foetus infection of mice, only two compounds came close to the chemotherapeutic effect of tinidazole when administered orally. The other compounds were less effective. Metronidazole showed an activity 10 times weaker than that of tinidazole in this animal model. The in vitro efficacy of the most active substances a and d on T. foetus infection paralleled the bacteriostatic effect against different species of bacteria. In comparison, d was more effective than a against T. vaginalis, 2 Candida strains and M. tuberculosis. In the Ames test, 5 out of the 13 described N-[3-[5-nitrofuryl-(2)-propenylidene))]-benzhydrazides proved mutagenic in test strains TA 98 and TA 100; this was the case also in strain TA 1537 for the microbiologically most promising compound a. Because of liver damage observed in the test on toxicity, the substance was not taken up in clinical studies. It is interesting to note that these substances were not found to be mutagenic in the host-mediated assay. No signs of chromosome breaks were observed for substances a and n in the micronucleus test. The relevance of these findings was discussed. Statistical procedures were described for both the Ames test and the host mediated assay. PMID- 6683511 TI - Antiinflammatory and immunostimulant activities of six sulphur compounds--four benzenesulphonates, levamisole, and pyritinol hydrochloride--assayed in mouse cell activation studies. AB - The effect of a phlogogenic agent and of six sulphur compounds on peritoneal macrophages, spleen B lymphocytes, and von Kupffer cells of the liver has been observed in BALB/C mice. The phlogogenic agent (0.5% carrageenin + 10% peptone) was a potent stimulant of the macrophages (increasing their number, protein content, and acid phosphatase activity), the lymphocytes (increase of haemolytic plaque counts), and the von Kupffer cells (increase of the colloidal carbon clearance rate which measures phagocytic capacity). Of four acid sulphur compounds (benzenesulphonates)-ethamsylate, diethylammonium persilate, calcium dobesilate, and piperazine sultosilate--not previously screened for antiinflammatory activity, all except piperazine sultosilate inhibited the macrophages, all except calcium dobesilate stimulated the lymphocytes, and only calcium dobesilate stimulated the von Kupffer cells. Two non-acid sulphur compounds--levamisole and pyritinol hydrochloride--had no effect on the macrophages but were potent stimulants of the lymphocytes and the von Kupffer cells. Because of these immunostimulant properties, levamisole and pyritinol hydrochloride may prove useful in the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis in which the patient's immune potential has to be restored. PMID- 6683513 TI - The influence of 2-(4-methylaminobutoxy)diphenylmethane hydrochloride (MCI-2016) on gastric ulcer and gastric acid secretion. AB - The effect of 2-(4-methylaminobtoxy)diphenylmethane hydrochloride (MCI-2016) on the development of ulcers and on gastric secretion were examined in comparison with imipramine and amitriptyline. In various experimental ulcer models (Shay, water-immersion restraint, cold stress, swimming stress and reserpine ulcers), MCI-2016, at the doses ranging from 6.25 to 100 mg/kg p.o., exhibited a dose dependent inhibition of ulceration with high therapeutic index. MCI-2016 showed little influence on the spontaneous and stimulated gastric secretion at the doses effectively suppressing the ulcer formation. In contrast, both imipramine and amitriptyline caused a significant inhibition of spontaneous and carbachol stimulated gastric secretion. These results suggest that anti-cholinergic action is not involved in the anti-ulcer effect of MCI-2016. It may be further postulated that central norepinephrine (noradrenaline) uptake inhibition is related with the anti-ulcer action of MCI-2016. PMID- 6683512 TI - Protection of the ischemic myocardium with calcium antagonistic drugs. AB - Ligation of the coronary artery to produce myocardial infarction experimentally was performed in 41 mongrel dogs. The dogs were then treated with niludipine or nifedipine. Niludipine in doses of 0.05 mg/kg/day (niludipine A group) and 0.1 mg/kg/day (niludipine B group) or nifedipine 0.05 mg/kg/day (nifedipine group) was administered for 7 postoperative days. The animals were sacrificed, their hearts removed and extent of myocardial damage studied. 1. The size of infarctions measured by 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigrams of the isolated heart was significantly smaller in the niludipine A group. 2. The degree of ischemia indicated by LDH isoenzyme patterns was lowest in the niludipine A group followed by nifedipine and niludipine B group in this order. The value for H subunits of LDH isoenzymes on the subepicardial side was higher in the nifedipine group. 3. Histopathological findings varied from specimen to specimen, but in general the niludipine A group showed best improvement. Our results suggest that the calcium antagonistic drugs, niludipine and nifedipine, seem to have myocardium protective properties in dogs. To what degree these findings can be applied clinically needs further studies. PMID- 6683514 TI - Activity of plafibride on erythrocyte deformability. AB - N-2-(p-Chlorophenoxy)-isobutyryl-N'-morpholinomethylurea (plafibride, Idonor, Perifunal, Plafibrinol) is an acid derivative of morpholinomethylurea and clofibric acid. In these studies the effects of plafibride on haemorheological properties have been observed. The studies have been carried out in different animal species (rat, rabbit and dog), and in human volunteers. Under these circumstances, plafibride has shown itself to be highly active in all the animal species and in humans, as well as with the two laboratory methods used for determination of erythrocyte deformability, these being Teitel's method, which evaluates the deformative capacity of erythrocytes when forming compact groups, and the method of Schmid-Schoenbein in which the deformability of individual erythrocytes is measured by passage through fine capillaries. In trials in volunteers, the increase in erythrocyte deformability is notable even 5 days after the last administration. In addition to its microhaemorheological activity, plafibride has been shown to have effects on platelet aggregation and hyperlipaemia. PMID- 6683515 TI - [Pharmacology of potential antidepressants of the N-L-phenylalanyl-beta phenylalkylamine class]. AB - The spectrum of the pharmacological activities of N-L-phenylalanyl L-2-amino-1 phenylpropane (13), the most active representative of the investigated L-N phenylalanyl-beta-phenylalkylamines 11-20, comprises adrenergic (noradrenaline potentiation on the vas deferens of the rat, tetrabenazine antagonism in the mouse), as well as cholinergic blocking (acetylcholine antagonism on the jejunum of the rat, oxotremorine antagonism in the mouse, anti-aggressive activity in isolated mice) and localanesthetic properties (inhibition of conduction in the ventricular strip of the frog heart) as described for antidepressants. In its pharmacological behavior 13 meets rather an antidepressant than a psychotonic drug. The conception of a partial metabolic liberation of the latent amphetamine component in 13 and a certain contribution of amphetamine to the effect of 13 is supported by the fact that at higher dosages a shortening of the hexobarbital narcosis and an increase of the spontaneous activity in mice is seen. PMID- 6683516 TI - [Double-blind controlled gastroscopic comparative study on lesions of the gastric mucosa in healthy volunteers after treatment with acetylsalicylic acid or acetylsalicylic acid/sodium pyruvate]. PMID- 6683517 TI - Studies on the in vitro interaction of D-penicillamine with antacids. AB - Interactions of D-penicillamine with various antacids (aluminum hydroxide magnesium hydroxide, AH-MH; aluminum hydroxide-calcium carbonate, AH-CC; dihydroxy sodium aluminum carbonate, DSAC; aluminum hydroxide, AH) were studied in vitro. Only a small binding to AH-MH (29.2 +/- 7.2 mumol/g antacid) and AH (13.6 +/- 4.0 mumol/g antacid) and no adsorption at all to AH-CC and DSAC were observed. Bile salts and bicarbonate as well as the pH did not influence binding. Although extrapolations from in vitro studies to in vivo conditions are hazardous, clinically relevant interactions of D-penicillamine with antacids in patients ingesting both drugs in the usual dose range simultaneously appear unlikely. PMID- 6683518 TI - [Pharmacokinetics after discontinuous intravenous administration of azlocillin]. AB - In severe, sometimes life-threatening infections azlocillin (Securopen) is administered in single doses up to 10 g in order to increase therapeutic efficacy. Therefore the serum concentrations and urinary excretion of azlocillin were investigated in 2 healthy volunteers and in 11 patients after intravenous injection (5 min) of 2 g followed by intravenous infusion of 2 g/h over 4 h. The serum concentrations increased during infusion in patients up to a median concentration of 317 mg/l. The median serum concentrations decreased down to 94 mg/l at 2 h, 43 mg/l at 4 h and 11 mg/l at 6 h after the end of infusion. 24-h urinary excretion in patients was 54.3%. Serum half-life from the last five serum concentrations (6-10 hours after start of administration) calculated amounts to a median half life of 100 min (range 60-180 min). The study showed, that using this dose and kind of administration high serum concentrations can be maintained over many hours, sufficiently high also for life threatening and difficult-to-treat infections, if administered at intervals of 12 hours. PMID- 6683519 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and Antiarrhythmic effects of Prajmalium Bitartrate]. AB - 8 patients with ventricular premature contractions were treated with prajmalium bitartrate (Neo-Gilurytmal) 20 mg q.i.d. The electrocardiograms were continuously monitored by a computerized arrhythmia monitoring system. For definition of the drug's pharmacokinetic properties plasma concentrations were determined. 7 patients showed a marked arrhythmia reduction. Mean ventricular premature contraction frequency was significantly reduced 6 h after onset of treatment, maximum arrhythmia suppression to 34% of control was observed after 24 h of treatment. The correlation of antiarrhythmic response and plasma concentrations was good. Mean plasma concentrations during steady state conditions were 218 ng/ml. Plasma half-life was determined 7.3 h. The lower limit of therapeutic plasma concentrations was between 43 and 145 ng/ml. A mean total clearance of 344 ml/min indicates a low hepatic extraction of prajmalium bitartrate. Moreover, the distribution volume of 204 l suggests a high tissue affinity of the drug. PMID- 6683520 TI - [Comparative studies on the in vitro dissolution and bioavailability of various acetylsalicylic acid preparations]. AB - For five different brands of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) preparations the in vitro/in vivo data were determined and tested for comparability. The in vitro dissolution rates were determined by two different methods (Paddle, rotating basket) whereas the in vivo data were obtained from 15 volunteers in a 5-fold cross-over trial. The markedly worse in vitro dissolution (rotating basket) of one preparation is in contrast to the in vivo data which showed bioequivalency of all five preparations. It is doubled that in vitro measurements alone reveal sufficient informations for any predictions of the in vivo characteristics (e.g. bioavailability) of a preparation. It was possible to determine separately ASA and salicylic acid using a highly selective HPLC-method developed by us. PMID- 6683521 TI - [Release, absorption and elimination of theophylline from fast and slowly released oral formulations]. AB - Each 2 tablets of four tablet formulations with 150 mg theophylline were administered to 6 and 5 volunteers, respectively, as single oral dose. 8 volunteers received 256 mg theophylline as a solution and as a sustained released formulation, as well as 176 mg theophylline as short intravenous bolus infusion. The elimination was independent of the examined formulations, but differences occurred between the experiments with the different groups of volunteers. The invasion parameters (t1/2i) of the four fast released tablet formulations corresponded to the values (t1/2a) of the oral theophylline solution. Furthermore, no difference existed concerning the mean times (Tsys). The mean time (theophylline) for the body model, Tvss, is 9.9 h; the mean time, which is attributed to the absorption process (Tabs) is 0.7 h; the mean in vivo dissolution time (Tdiss-vivo) for the sustained release formulation is 6.3 h. The mean time after oral administration of the theophylline solution (Tbiol) is 10.6 h. General conditions for a comparison between the in vitro and the in vivo release data are reported. PMID- 6683522 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of bromopride from various pharmaceutical formulations]. AB - Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of 4-amino-5-bromo-N-[2 (diethylamino)ethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide (bromopride, Viaben), in various preparations (bromopride injection solution, bromopride suppositories for adults, drops and capsules, respectively) in various dosages were calculated. Several investigations were performed: Study I: Absolute bioavailability of bromopride suppositories for adults (cross-over). Study 2: Pharmacokinetics of Bromopride drops after single dose of 15 and 30 mg bromopride as well as after multiple dose of 15 mg bromopride (Confarma). Study 3: Pharmacokinetics of bromopride capsules (Confarma). The chemical analysis was made for all studies with a nearly identical HPLC-method so that the results of the various studies were comparable. The studies led to the following result: The bioavailability of the substance bromopride amounts to about 70% and increases after multiple administration to about 90%. Statistically there is no difference between the bioavailabilities of the individual formulations. PMID- 6683523 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of various oral formulations of metoclopramide]. AB - Two intraindividual comparative single-dose studies were carried out under carefully controlled conditions on 8 (10) healthy volunteers in order to establish the bioequivalence of 4-amino-5-chloro -N- (2-diethyl-aminoethyl) -2- methoxy-benzamide (metoclopramide) the active principle of Gastrosil tablets and drops, in comparison to the respective formulations, i.e. tablets and drops of a reference drug. In an additional, open single-dose study the pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide were investigated after administration of a newly developed sustained-release dosage form. The analysis of unchanged metoclopramide in plasma was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography. A 2-compartment open model was taken as a basis for the calculation of the plasma concentration curves and the pharmacokinetic parameters. All oral dosage forms investigated are bioequivalent. Comparing the present results to literature data following i.v. administration of the drug, bioavailabilities between 54-75% could be calculated. The initial distribution of the drug following administration of tablets and drops is very rapid, the terminal elimination half-lives ranges from 4.1-5.7 h and the apparent volumes of distribution were found to be 5.2-5.8 l/kg body weight. PMID- 6683524 TI - Biovailability and pharmacokinetics of femoxetine. AB - The availability of trans-(+)-3-[(4-methoxy-phenoxy)methyl]-1-methyl-4 phenylpiperidine (femoxetine, HCl; 500 mg) from an enteric coated tablet and from a water solution, respectively, have been compared in a single dose, cross-over study using six healthy volunteers. The tablet gave a longer lag time and a slower absorption rate than the solution. The mean availability of the tablet was 71% (range 12-150%), relative to the availability of the solution in five of the subjects. During a multiple dose study, where the same six volunteers took 400 600 mg (as tablets) per day for a week, no change in the kinetic parameters was observed and no discrepancy between the parameters obtained in the single dose study and the ones from the multiple dose study was seen within each subject. A high first pass effect is presumed to be the main reason for the relatively great inter-individual variations. The formation and elimination rate of an active metabolite, norfemoxetine, were very similar in three of the four subjects for whom the rates could be calculated. PMID- 6683525 TI - Molecular topology and narcosis. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study of alcohols using complementary information content (CIC). PMID- 6683526 TI - The determination of azapropazone and its 6-hydroxy metabolite in plasma and urine by HPLC. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure has been developed for the determination of azapropazone and its 6-hydroxy metabolite in plasma and urine. The procedure is simple and rapid since extraction of the drug and its metabolite is not required. Plasma proteins are precipitated with methanol, and the supernate is injected onto a reverse-phase HPLC column. With photometric detection at 254 nm, the procedure can determine as little as 0.4 micrograms/ml azapropazone in plasma or urine and 1.5-3 micrograms/ml of the metabolite in urine, depending upon the level of interference. The procedure has been used successfully in single-dose pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies of azapropazone dosage forms. PMID- 6683527 TI - [Screening and detection of ketazolam and oxazolam]. PMID- 6683528 TI - [Antiviral agents. 22. N-aliphatic, N-alicyclic and N-polycyclic substituted N' (2-adamantyl)ureas and -thioureas]. AB - With reference to the role that (2-adamantyl), urea, and thiourea moieties play in antiviral drugs, these structural elements have been included in the present investigations aimed at the development of the N-substituted N'-(2-adamantyl) thioureas 3a-d through the reaction of 2-aminoadamantane (1) with the isothiocyanates 2a-d. In an analogous manner, the interaction of 1 with the isocyanates 2e-f has led to the N-substituted N'-(2-adamantyl)ureas 3e-f. Within structure type 3 there occur representatives exhibiting antiviral, antimycotic, and herbicidal activity. PMID- 6683529 TI - [Agonistic effects of ring opened serotonin analogs of the 3-(2-aminophenyl)-3 oxopropanamine type. Pharmacology of ring opened serotonin analogs]. AB - Intrinsic activity and affinity of various synthesized ring-opened serotonin (5 HT) analogues including 3-(2-amino-5-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-oxo-propaneamine (I) were studied using the isolated gastric fundus of the rat. For I a relative intrinsic activity of 0.83 was measured while the affinity was nearly equal to 5-HT. For the N,N-dimethyl derivative of I (V) both intrinsic activity and affinity were identical to those of bufotenine (= N,N-dimethyl serotonin). The obtained results support the postulated three-point binding of 5-HT at its D receptor. PMID- 6683530 TI - Antimycotic efficacy of bifonazole in vitro and in vivo. AB - The new imadozolyl derivative 1-(p, alpha-diphenyl-benzyl)imidazole (bifonazole, Bay h 4502, Mycospor) shows in vitro the broad spectrum of activity characteristic of azole antimycotics. The intensity of activity under conventional test conditions is equivalent to that of clotrimazole. Further, concentrations of less than or equal to 5 micrograms/ml bifonazole have a fungicidal effect on dermatophytes, and a MIC value of less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml has a maximal effect on Torulopsis glabrata. In ng concentrations bifonazole is effective on proliferating dermatophytes and pseudomycelia of Candida albicans. The resistance situation regarding bifonazole is favourable--as is typical of azole antimycotics. In animal experiments, topical application of concentrations of between 0.05 and 1% bifonazole as a cream or solution are extremely effective on guinea-pig trichophytosis. This is attributed to the therapeutically achievable fungicidal effect on dermatophytes and the long period of time the substance is retained in the skin. The sum of the experimental properties of bifonazole make it possible to recommend the active drug to be applied, once every 24 h, as a 1% cream or solution and the duration of therapy for these indications being reduced to 2-3 weeks. PMID- 6683531 TI - In vitro studies of a new imidazole antimycotic, bifonazole, in comparison with clotrimazole and miconazole. AB - The in vitro activity of 1-[(4-Biphenylyl)-phenylmethyl]-1H-imidazole bifonazole, Bay h 4502, Mycospor) a new antifungal imidazole derivative, against a variety of medically important fungi were studied using an agar dilution procedure. Two imidazole drugs which have already appeared on the market as topical antimycotics, clotrimazole and miconazole, were also tested as reference drugs. MIC values of bifonazole to a range of pathogenic fungi and yeasts ranged from 0.04 to 80 micrograms/ml, but mostly were less than 2.5 micrograms/ml. The antifungal potency of bifonazole relative to that of clotrimazole and miconazole varied from strains to strains or from species to species. For example, almost all strains of dermatophytes were less susceptible to bifonazole than clotrimazole and the least susceptible to miconazole. Against most other fungi tested bifonazole was similar to or greater than clotrimazole and/or miconazole in inhibitory activity. The activity against Candida species increased in the order of bifonazole, miconazole and clotrimazole. When tested against other pathogenic yeasts such as T. glabrata and C. neoformans, bifonazole was more active than clotrimazole, and compared favorably with miconazole. Bifonazole and the other two imidazole derivatives inhibited the growth of most fungi at concentrations well below their quoted MICs. Composition and pH of culture medium, as well as fungal inoculum size, significantly altered the activity of bifonazole. A brief discussion of the possible clinical usefulness of bifonazole is given. PMID- 6683532 TI - The effect of intravenously administered phosphocreatine on ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations in the cardiac muscle of the rat. AB - Following intravenous administration of 32P-phosphocreatine (50 mg/kg) or an equimolar mixture of creatine + 32P-phosphate (equivalent to 50 mg/kg phosphocreatine) to rats, and examination of an extract of cardiac muscle by HPLC, the proportion of radiolabelled adenosine triphosphate (ATP; up to 3%) was similar in each treatment group at 120 min after dosing. Mean concentrations of ATP in the cardiac muscle were increased significantly during this time (to 3.1 mumol/g) after intravenous administration of 32P-phosphocreatine compared with those in control rats (2.5 mumol/g) and in rats dosed with creatine + 32P phosphate mixture (2.6 mumol/g). Phosphocreatine concentrations in cardiac muscle of phosphocreatine-treated rats were also increased (2.3 mumol/g) significantly after 120 min compared with controls (1.7 mumol/g), but were unchanged after 30 min. Mean concentrations of phosphocreatine in rats receiving a creatine + phosphate mixture were slightly reduced (1.3 and 1.5 mumol/g after 30 min or 120 min, respectively) compared with controls. The elevation of tissue ATP and phosphocreatine levels may be involved in the protective effect provided by exogenous phosphocreatine against anoxia in isolated cardiac muscle. PMID- 6683533 TI - Changes in contractility and oxygen metabolism of isolated canine heart following application of urapidil. AB - Changes of contractility and oxygen metabolism following the administration of urapidil (Ebrantil) are described. Investigations were carried out on isolated, metabolically supported canine hearts. Results show that this drug has a myocardial effect in addition to its known antihypertensive effect. Moreover, a dose-dependent negative inotropism is coupled with a reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption. Urapidil reduces the cardiac metabolic rate, decreases cardiac load due to a reduction in peripheral resistance, and has a negative inotropic action. These properties are usually found only in beta-blockers. PMID- 6683534 TI - Cardiovascular effects of KF 4307, a newly synthesized benzimidazolinone derivative, and its mechanism of action. PMID- 6683535 TI - The effect of cianidanol on rat hepatic monooxygenase activities. AB - The antinecrotic hepatoprotective agent cianidanol ((+)-catechin, (+)-cyanidan-3 ol, Catergen) has been tested for its ability to interfere with rat liver monooxygenase activities. In vitro, the drug was found to inhibit biphenyl 4 hydroxylation in microsomes from uninduced rats, and aminopyrine N-demethylase in microsomes from uninduced and PB-treated rats, with IC50 just below 1 x 10(-3) mol/l. The compound is less active in inhibiting biphenyl 2- and 4-hydroxylation and ethoxyresorufin 0-deethylation in microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats. Kinetically, cianidanol behaves as a non-competitive inhibitor in all reactions investigated. It binds to oxidized cytochrome P-450 as a ligand (modified type II binding spectrum). The drug does not decrease levels of cytochrome P-450, but rather protects the enzyme from lipoperoxidation-mediated destruction. In vivo, a single dose of cianidanol does not inhibit [14C] aminopyrine metabolism. Only after 5 days administration a weak but statistically significant inhibitory effect is detected. The mechanism of action of cianidanol is discussed. PMID- 6683537 TI - In vitro activity of azlocillin, metronidazole and its hydroxy metabolite against anaerobes. Bacteriostatic synergism studies. AB - The in vitro inhibitory activity of azlocillin (Securopen), metronidazole (Cloni) and its hydroxy metabolite was determined against 27 gram-negative and 13 gram positive species of anaerobes by means of agar dilution tests. The 63 anaerobic strains were also tested against the pairs azlocillin-metronidazole and azlocillin-hydroxy metabolite by means of agar dilution tests. Gram-negative species (Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp. etc.) were inhibited by 0.125-256 micrograms/ml azlocillin, 0.01-4 micrograms/ml metronidazole and 0.01-4 micrograms/ml hydroxy metabolite. With gram-positive anaerobes (Clostridium spp., Peptococcaceae etc.) the MIC ranges were 0.125-4 micrograms/ml for azlocillin, 0.03-1 micrograms/ml for metronidazole and 0.125-2 micrograms/ml for the hydroxy metabolite. A synergistic effect was observed exclusively with gram-negative anaerobes (Bacteroides fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. disiens etc.). There were few instances of antagonism, likewise with gram-negative species. The preponderant combination effect against gram-positive anaerobes was addition. In view of the broad antiaerobic spectrum of azlocillin, the present in vitro findings do not preclude combined therapy with metronidazole in cases of anaerobic-aerobic poly-bacterial infections. PMID- 6683536 TI - [Specificity and precision of a radioimmunoassay of dihydroergotoxine in plasma]. AB - For the quantitative and qualitative determination of dihydroergotoxine methanesulphonate (DCCK) a radioimmunoassay was developed. This method involves use of an antibody against the dihydrolysergic acid moiety and an 125I-labelled dihydrolysergic tracer. The differentiation of dihydroergopeptides, lysergic acid and the ergopeptides was obtained by modification of extraction methods already published. The assay procedure detects around 10 pg/ml dihydroergotoxine. Dihydrolysergic acid and lysergic acid are not detectable up to about 6 ng/ml. Ergometrine and alpha-ergocryptine show cross-reactivities of 14% and 7.5%, respectively. All dihydroergopeptides included in dihydroergotoxine show the same cross-reactivity as dihydroergotoxine itself. Intra- and inter-assay variations were approximately 12% and 13%, respectively. PMID- 6683538 TI - [Platelet aggregation inhibition with calcium dobesilate]. AB - In 52 patients with pathologically increased platelet aggregation the effect of a 4-day oral treatment of 500 mg, 1000 mg and 1500 mg calcium dobesilate (Dexium 500) on spontaneous platelet aggregation was assessed using PAT III of Breddin. In comparison to placebo 1500 mg calcium dobesilate reduced platelet aggregation significantly, 1000 mg and 500 mg calcium dobesilate, however, didn't influence platelet aggregation. PMID- 6683539 TI - Pharmacokinetics of isoxicam in man following oral administration. PMID- 6683540 TI - Chronic analgesic study on buprenorphine action in cancer pain. Comparison with pentazocine. AB - Buprenorphine appears to have an analgesic effect (evaluated after a week of treatment) statistically superior to that of the comparative drug. On the whole, during buprenorphine treatment the normal activities of life of the individual patient improved. The percentage incidence of the side-effects is similar for the two drugs. Buprenorphine, however, caused less intense side-effects than pentazocine. PMID- 6683541 TI - [Formulation and clinical test of a novel mucosal adhesive ointment]. AB - A novel mucosal adhesive ointment on the base of partly neutralized polymethacrylic acid methyl ester (Eudispert) was formulated. The flow curves of the ointment show a pseudoplastic quality without any thixotropic effect. The viscosity depended on the kind and concentration of the base. During the clinical studies the pure ointment as well as a tretinoin-preparation for a lichen planus treatment showed no local irritation, good mucosal adhesion and suitable way of application for the patients. PMID- 6683542 TI - In vitro--in vivo correlation, a time scaling problem? Basic techniques for testing equivalence. PMID- 6683543 TI - [Staphylococcal infections. A workshop]. PMID- 6683544 TI - [Quantitative endotoxin determination. Automated kinetic Limulus amebocyte lysate microtiter test with measurement of sample-related interferences]. AB - A turbidometric, automated limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) microtiter test has been developed based on the evaluation of the LAL-endotoxin reaction kinetics. The maximal increase in optical density of each reaction mixture within 1 min is recorded. With this method an endotoxin standard curve is achieved which is linear over a concentration range of six decades. With presently available LAL methods sample-related inhibition or enhancement of the LAL endotoxin reaction may be overlooked and lead to false results. The quality of interfering factors can be characterized with our methods by spiking serial dilutions of the sample with constant endotoxin concentrations. The additional introduction of an internal standardization in our system allows the determination of endotoxin with simultaneous detection of quality and quantity of sample-induced interference. This procedure is based on a mathematic model which describes interference-caused alterations of the reaction revealed by addition of endotoxin in increasing concentrations. In comparison to the LAL tube test and the turbidometric determination at a given time the advantages of the developed method are demonstrated using three different samples (gelatin solution, adenine-HCl solution and a concentrate of coagulation factors (PPSB)). These are paradigmaticly selected because and enhancement of the LAL endotoxin reaction. PMID- 6683545 TI - Quantum-chemical and physico-chemical properties of hydrochlorothiazide. AB - The electronic states of hydrochlorothiazide and its related molecules were obtained by CNDO/2 (CNDO = complete neglect of differential overlap), and van der Waals volume and hydrophobic parameters of the substituent of the 6th position in the benzothiadiazine were estimated. The results were discussed from the viewpoint of the structure-activity relationship analysis. Rather lower LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level) of hydrochlorothiazide which had been predicted by the iterated Huckel's Molecular Orbital Method was confirmed by CNDO/2 calculation. The introduction of the sulfamoyl group to the 7th position in the benzothiadiazine ring brought out a negative formal charge for the 7th position. The diuretic effect of the substituent of the 6th position in the benzothiadiazine ring was analysed with respect to its van der Waals volume and its hydrophobic parameter. Van der Waals volume seemed to have a close relationship to diuretic activity. The highest correlated coefficient of the regression equation for the structure-activity relationship was obtained using the formal charge of the 7th position in the benzothiadiazine ring, van der Waals volume and the hydrophobic parameter of the substituent of the 6th position. On the basis of result obtained, the model for the action site of hydrochlorothiazide was proposed, consisting of a rather larger, lipophilic hole and an electrostatic interaction site in the tubular membrane. PMID- 6683546 TI - [Biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of beta-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4 propanenitrile (LU 20884) in rats. Synthesis of reference compounds]. PMID- 6683547 TI - [Effect of xanthinol nicotinate on brain metabolism in rats]. AB - The influence of 7-[2-hydroxy-3-(N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino)propyl]-1, 3 dimethyl-xanthine-pyridine-3-carboxylate (xantinol nicotinate, Complamin) on brain metabolism was studied in the following test models: 1. determination of glucose-14C permeation in rats with experimental nephrogenic hypertension; 2. determination of the intercerebral ATP-concentration in ischaemic rats; 3. determination of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) pool in healthy rats; 4. evaluation of the incorporation rates of 32Pi-isotope into the adenosine phosphates of the rat brain. The results of these studies show, that the reduced glucose permeation rates in rats with nephrogenic hypertension can be normalized by xantinol nicotinate above values of controls. In hypoxemic rats it could be shown, that xantinol nicotinate antagonizes the decrease of the intracerebral ATP concentration by 50%. The investigation of the ATP-pool resulted in a significant increase of the ATP level in the brain tissue about 35% at maximum. This increase of the ATP-concentration continues up to 4 h following a single oral administration of xantinol nicotinate. The determination of the incorporation rates of 32Pi-isotope showed that only small amounts of radioactivity were measured in the AMP-fraction in controls as well as in xantinol nicotinate treated rats. Further phosphorylation steps of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and ATP, however, are considerably activated by xantinol nicotinate, whereby maximum labelling rates of the ADP were found already 15 min after dosing. Maximum 32Pi-incorporation rates of the ATP-fraction were measured 30 min following administration of the tracer and of xantinol nicotinate, respectively. PMID- 6683548 TI - Cardiovascular responses to increasing plasma concentrations of AQ-A 39 Cl, a new compound with negative chronotropic effects. AB - 5,6-Dimethoxy-2-((3[(alpha-(3,4-dimethoxy) phenylethyl)-methylamino]propyl)) phthalimidine hydrochloride (AQ-A 39 Cl, in the following briefly called AQ-A 39) is a new compound with a structure similar to that of verapamil and which exhibits a specific bradycardic effect by a direct action on the sinus node. In nine anesthetized pigs the compound produced a dose-dependent decrease in heart rate up to 35%. For concentrations less than 1500 ng . ml-1, the drug exerted only minor effects on myocardial contractility (less than 5%), but for concentrations greater than 2000 ng . ml-1 negative inotropic properties became apparent and cardiac output decreased up to 25%, in spite of an increase in stroke volume. Left ventricular filling pressure and systemic vascular resistance were not affected. Myocardial O2-consumption also decreased dose-dependently up to 35%. The reduction in heart rate was not the only factor in determining the magnitude of this decrease as substantial decreases (25-30%) were also observed when, during drug administration, the heart rates were raised to 120 and 150 beats . min-1, respectively by means of coronary sinus pacing. The decrease in myocardial O2-consumption was reflected by decreases in both coronary blood flow and myocardial O2-extraction, while coronary vascular resistance did not change. The cardiovascular profile of AQ-A 39 indicated that, especially for arterial plasma concentrations lower than 1500 ng . ml-1, the drug may be useful in the treatment of tachycardias and in lowering myocardial O2-demand, without adverse effects on cardiovascular performance. PMID- 6683549 TI - Pharmacological studies on droxicainide, a new antiarrhythmic agent. AB - The antiarrhythmic, local anesthetic and acute local and systemic toxic effects of DL-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pipecolinyl-2,6-dimethylanilide (AL-S-1249, droxicainide) and lidocaine were compared in animals. When given intravenously both substances suppressed ouabain-induced arrhythmias in pentobarbital anesthetized guinea pigs; they were equipotent in this regard and had the same duration of antiarrhythmic action. Both substances produced generally equivalent sensory anesthesia following intradermal administration in the guinea pig and corneal application in the rabbit and block of motor and sensory function when injected near the sciatic nerve in the rat. In these local anesthetic tests and following intradermal administration to rabbits, droxicainide produced less local tissue irritation than lidocaine. When given intravenously to unanesthetized mice and unanesthetized and pentobarbital-anesthetized rats, the LD50's for droxicainide were consistently higher than those for lidocaine. Since droxicainide has antiarrhythmic and local anesthetic properties that are quantitatively similar to lidocaine but local and systemic toxicity that is relatively weaker, its antiarrhythmic and local anesthetic actions merit further study. PMID- 6683550 TI - The pharmacological profile of TX 066 (17 alpha-acetoxy-6-methyl-19-nor-4,6 pregna-diene-3,20-dione), a new oral progestative. AB - 17 alpha-Acetoxy-6-methyl-19-nor-4,6-pregna-diene-3,20-dione (TX 066) has the pharmacological profile of a pure progestogen with no side effect such as androgenic activity. Its pituitary suppressing effect is relatively weak, as is also its antiestrogenic activity. It possesses a powerful antiandrogenic effect, which, in addition to the classic uses for progestogens, may make TX 066 useful in the treatment of certain diseases such as prostatic hypertrophy or the Stein Leventhal syndrome. PMID- 6683551 TI - Pharmacological and toxicological studies of binodaline hydrochloride. AB - It has been shown, in extensive animal experiments, that 1-(omega dimethylaminoethylmethyl)-amino-3-phenylindole hydrochloride (binodaline HCl, Sgd Scha 1059), can be regarded as an antidepressant with novel characteristics. With anticholinergic and histamine-antagonistic effects almost completely lacking, the main effects of binodaline HCl are to increase noradrenergic influences and to produce CNS depression. The acute toxicity of binodaline HCl is comparatively low, and the good tolerance has been demonstrated in long-term studies in laboratory animals. PMID- 6683553 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies following systemic and topical administration of [14C]bifonazole in man. AB - [14C]Bifonazole (1-[(4-Biphenylyl)-phenylmethyl]-1H-imidazole, Bay h 4502, Mycospor) was administered systemically (i.v.) and topically (dermally) in different formulations to a total of 17 volunteers. In the serum, the concentrations of total radioactivity and of the unchanged drug were determined by liquid scintillation counting techniques and by thin-layer densitometry, respectively. Urine and feces were collected and radioassayed. The extent of percutaneous absorption was calculated. In addition, distribution of the unchanged drug in the layers of the skin was studied radiometrically in three patients. After intravenous administration, bifonazole was eliminated from the serum largely in metabolized form. The half-lives of elimination of the radioactivity from the serum were approximately 7 and 42 h. Within 5 days 45% of the dose was excreted with the urine, and 39% with the feces. After topical application to healthy skin areas, under occlusive conditions, less than 1% of bifonazole was absorbed percutaneously from a 1% solution or cream, and the amount absorbed was excreted with the urine and the feces in approximately the same proportions as after i.v. administration. Following administration of the drug to inflamed skin, the proportion absorbed was 3 to 4% of the dose administered and thus higher than after application to normal skin. Studies on depth localization showed that the drug has a high capacity for skin penetration. Even in the lower layers of the epidermis, bifonazole was present in amounts several times as high as the minimum inhibitory concentrations for dermatophytes measured in vitro. PMID- 6683552 TI - The toxicology of bifonazole. PMID- 6683554 TI - Tolerability and efficacy of bifonazole in dermatomycoses. AB - 1-[(4-Biphenylyl)-phenylmethyl]-1-H-imidazole (bifonazole, Bay h 4502, Mycospor) is a broad spectrum antifungal agent for the topical treatment of dermatomycoses. In addition to tolerability studies, a report is given on the results of 43 clinical studies of efficacy and tolerability involving 1129 patients in various countries. These were placebo-controlled double-blind studies, randomised comparative studies with reference preparations and open studies. They were carried out with bifonazole cream 1%, solution 1%, gel 1% and powder 1%. 58.6% of the patients tested suffered from dermatophytoses, 21.9% cutaneous candidoses, 14.3% from pityriasis versicolor and 5% from other skin infections. The therapeutic efficacy of bifonazole, assessed according to mycological and clinical findings proved good for the indications studied and administered once daily for a treatment period of 2 or 3 weeks. Tolerability - local and systemic - was good. There was no evidence of substance-related side effects. PMID- 6683555 TI - [Effect of sulmazol on left ventricular function in congestive cardiomyopathy]. AB - In 11 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (NYHA class III and IV, mean cardiothoracic ratio 0.59) the effect of a new positive inotropic agent, 2[(2 methoxy-4-methylsulfinyl)phenyl ))-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (AR-L 115 BS, sulmazol, Vardax), on haemodynamics was studied. Simultaneously plasma levels of the drug were measured. All patients were pretreated with digitalis and diuretics. The following results were obtained: Heart rate increased only slightly, by 8% (n.s.), maximal left ventricular pressure rise by 37% (p less than 0.01), left ventricular enddiastolic pressure decreased by 42% (p less than 0.01), mean pulmonary artery pressure by 23% (p less than 0.01) and pulmonary vascular resistance by 22% (p less than 0.05). Left ventricular enddiastolic volume was reduced by 20% and left ventricular systolic volume by 31% (p less than 0.01). Ejection fraction increased by 36% (p less than 0.05), cardiac index, stroke index, stroke work index and systolic aortic pressure as well as systemic vascular resistance remained unchanged. In conclusion, sulmazol is an effective inotropic agent with vasodilating properties (especially on the venous capacity system). The lacking increase of cardiac output despite the augmentation of ejection fraction must be due to the prominent reduction of preload, decrease of left ventricular volume and heart size. Sulmazol therefore should not increase oxygen consumption of the heart and should be especially advantageous in patients with predominant backward failure. PMID- 6683556 TI - Investigations on the pharmacokinetics of propafenone in man. AB - The pharmacokinetics of propafenone (Rytmonorm) was studied in 19 healthy volunteers. Propafenone was given intravenously (commercial ampoules of 70 mg) and orally in different doses (150, 300, 450 mg) and forms (solution, commercial film tablets). The results show a dose dependence of bioavailability and maximum plasma concentrations after oral application with over-proportionate increase at higher dose levels yielding bioavailabilities up to 40-50% with single applications of 450 mg. This is interpreted as saturability of a presystemic mechanism during invasion (most probably of the metabolizing enzyme systems of the liver). The mean rate constant of elimination after intravenous application is beta = 0.28 h-1 (95% confidence limits: 0.24-0.33 h-1) corresponding to a half life of 2.5 h. There are no significant differences in these values after oral application and different dosages. The total plasma clearance of 1.0 1/min (95% confidence limits: 0.9-1.1 1/min) is almost exclusively metabolic. After 12 days of oral dosing (2 tablets of 150 mg propafenone daily) no statistically significant changes of kinetic parameters could be demonstrated although with some volunteers the total clearance decreased. It is considered that in some persons with relatively low clearance the plasma concentrations may reach levels at which a saturation of enzymatic reactions of metabolism may become relevant even after application of such low single doses as 150 mg. PMID- 6683557 TI - [Effect of co-dergocrine mesylate on catecholamines and prolactin in elderly hypertensive patients]. AB - The antihypertensive efficacy of co-dergocrine mesylate (a mixture of dihydroergocornine mesylate, dihydroergocristine mesylate, and alpha- and beta dihydroergocryptine mesylates; Hydergin) and its effects on heart rate, plasma catecholamines, catecholamine excretion and plasma prolactin was tested in 12 elderly hypertensive patients. Co-dergocrine mesylate (6 mg or 12 mg, 1 or 2 tablets once a day) caused a significant reduction of the blood pressure during rest and under physical stress without a reactive increase of the heart rate. Plasma norepinephrine and prolactin as well as urinary excretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine were not affected by co-dergocrine mesylate. The therapeutic advantage of co-dergocrine mesylate for the treatment of hypertension in the elderly is discussed. PMID- 6683558 TI - [Effect of a clofibrate-inositol nicotinate combination on lipids and lipoproteins in primary hyperlipoproteinemia of types IIa, IV and V]. AB - The effect of a combination of clofibrate and inositol nicotinate (Liporeduct forte, Liporeduct) on lipids and lipoproteins in 20 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia (10 type IIa, 7 type IV and 3 tyV) was investigated over a period of 16 weeks. The daily doses of clofibrate and inositol nicotinate was 1,5 g and 2,4 g in the type IIa and 1,5 g and 900 mg in the types IV and V. Placebo was given before and after the treatment period. In the type IIa total cholesterol decreased from 345 +/- 35 to 285 +/- 31 mg/dl; the triglycerides were lowered from 121 +/- 12 to 94 +/- 7 mg/dl. These changes were mainly due to a decrease in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol by 18% and a reduction in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglycerides of 42%. In the types IV and V a triglyceride reduction of 30% and 76% could be observed. In both types, these changes were mainly caused by a decrease in VLDL-triglycerides (type IV: -34%; type V -77%). Total cholesterol was influenced insignificant in these two types. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol fell in the types IIa and IV; in the type IV an increase of 24% could be observed. Phospholipids and proteins behaved in an analogous fashion. The percentual composition of the lipoprotein fractions VLDL, LDL and HDL didn't change under treatment in the types IIa and IV. In the type V, a shift in the direction of type IV could be observed. The combination of clofibrate and inositol nicotinate was well tolerated. PMID- 6683559 TI - [Comparative studies on the bioavailability of 2 amoxicillin preparations]. AB - The bioavailability of alpha-amino-4-hydroxybenzyl-penicillin (amoxicillin) was investigated after administration of two different preparations. As test substance Sigamopen tablets were given and compared with a standard-preparation on the German market. Both preparations contained 750 mg amoxicillin. No significant differences were found in the serum concentrations, in the bioavailability or other pharmacokinetic parameters. The results obtained are in agreement with those known in the literature. Therefore, both preparations were regarded as bioequivalent. PMID- 6683560 TI - Treatment of hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis mansoni with praziquantel. Preliminary report on tolerance and efficacy. PMID- 6683561 TI - Sustained alterations in lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations dependent on the daily distribution of lipid intake. AB - Since the fat content of a single meal influences chylomicron size and hence intestinal apoprotein synthesis, we determined the chronic effects of the daily distribution of fat intake on plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Eight normal male subjects ingested 100 g of fat (a) as a bolus at the evening meal (SL) or (b) equally distributed over 4 meals (q4h) (DL). Each diet was consumed for 7 days; studies were performed 14 days apart using a crossover design and paired comparisons. Nutrient intake and body weight were held constant. At the end of the DL dietary regimen, fasting plasma concentrations of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were significantly increased as compared to the SL phase of study (TC: 174 +/- 2.9 (mean +/- SEM) vs 161 +/- 2.7; LDL-C: 108 +/- 3.2 vs 98 +/- 3.3 and HDL-C: 53 +/- 1.1 vs 48 +/- 0.8) (P less than 0.05). The consumption of 100 g/day of fat in several small meals results in a sustained increase in LDL-C and HDL-C. This may be due to increased synthesis of lipoprotein components (e.g. apoprotein A-I) or to altered metabolism of intestinal and hepatic TG-rich lipoproteins dependent on size, number and apoprotein composition. PMID- 6683562 TI - Cross-stressor immunization against the behavioral deficits introduced by uncontrollable shock. AB - Exposure to inescapable shock disrupted performance in both shock- and water escape tasks. These deficits were prevented in mice that were previously trained in the same task. However, an asymmetrical immunization effect was seen in a cross-stressor paradigm. Whereas deficits of water-escape performance engendered by inescapable shock were prevented by prior shock-escape training, the deficits of shock-escape performance were not eliminated by prior water-escape training. Evidently, the immunization effect occurs when initial training and subsequent testing are conducted in the same task, or when the initial training and uncontrollable stress session involve the same aversive stimulus. Norepinephrine determinations revealed that reductions of the amine introduced by inescapable shock were unaffected by prior shock-escape training and were enhanced by prior exposure to the stress of water immersion. Thus, although the performance deficit introduced by inescapable shock may be related to variations of norepinephrine, the immunization effect probably was unrelated to alterations of this transmitter. Rather, the data provisionally suggested that the immunization stems from two independent factors: Namely, initially training animals in an active escape task may (a) disrupt subsequent learning that the inescapable stress actually is uncontrollable and (b) limit the influence of the motor deficits introduced by uncontrollable shock on subsequent escape performance. PMID- 6683563 TI - Effect of chronic administration of fenfluramine and quipazine on body weight gain after ovariectomy and on brain serotonin receptor binding. AB - Chronic fenfluramine administration prevented excess weight gain following ovariectomy in rats but did not alter weight gain in sham-operated controls. Chronic quipazine treatment had no long-term effect on body weight. In one experiment, fenfluramine treatment for 28 days produced a 13% decrease in [3H] serotonin binding to hypothalamic membranes and no change in [3H]-spiroperidol binding to striatum. In a second experiment, however, chronic fenfluramine had no effect on [3H]-serotonin binding to diencephalon. These results are discussed in terms of central and peripheral mechanisms of action and tolerance to fenfluramine. PMID- 6683564 TI - Urethrocliesis--a simple cure for stress incontinence. AB - Urethrocliesis is a vaginal operation for stress incontinence in which the whole length of the urethra is narrowed by two rows of non-absorbable sutures. A 2-year follow-up of the first 62 patients shows that 60 patients were satisfied with the results of their operation: a result that compares favourably with any of the other surgical procedures used for stress incontinence. The simplicity of the operation, and the fact that it can be applied to the old and young with an equal degree of success, commends it as an initial line of treatment in the management of stress incontinence. PMID- 6683565 TI - Sudden severe visual loss associated with peripapillary burns during panretinal argon photocoagulation. AB - A 31-year-old woman lost central visual acuity in her left eye during scatter argon laser photocoagulation when her ophthalmologist treated the temporal peripapillary region. There was no evidence for a vascular explanation. Previous experimental work showed that the lateral spread of thermal energy into the optic nerve parenchyma from the peripapillary pigment epithelium and choroid can destroy adjacent nerve fibres. There is a risk of thermal optic neuropathy caused by peripapillary photocoagulation. PMID- 6683566 TI - Comparative electroretinograms in argon laser and xenon arc panretinal photocoagulation. AB - We performed electroretinograms (ERG) on both eyes of 11 diabetic patients before and one month after panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. Each patient had one eye treated with argon laser and the fellow eye treated with the xenon arc photocoagulator. After photocoagulation the ERG was symmetrically reduced unless the retinal area burned with xenon arc was greater than twice the retinal area burned in the fellow eye by the argon laser photocoagulator. PMID- 6683567 TI - Characterization of cytochalasin B photoincorporation into human erythrocyte D glucose transporter and F-actin. AB - The photoincorporation of cytochalasin B into the human erythrocyte glucose transporter and purified G-actin previously reported by this laboratory [Shanahan, M.F. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 7290-7293] was investigated. [3H]Cytochalasin B photolabeled polypeptides of Mr approximately 43,000-73,000, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in a concentration-dependent manner with maximum incorporation occurring at 5 microM [3H]cytochalasin B and a half-maximum value of 0.63 microM. This incorporation, previously shown to be partially blocked in the presence of D- but not L-glucose, did not occur in the absence of photolysis and increased linearly with a photolysis time up to 30 s. The reaction was relatively insensitive to pH in the range of pH 6-9, but apparent non-specific labeling significantly increased at pH 5. The effect of cytochalasin B photoincorporation on D-glucose uptake in intact erythrocytes was also examined. Purified chicken muscle F-actin was also photolabeled with this ligand, but at a specific activity of incorporation (pmol/mg of protein) approximately 50 times lower than that of the erythrocyte transporter polypeptides. D-Glucose had no effect on this incorporation while 10(-4) M cytochalasin E completely blocked actin photolabeling. The efficiency of photoincorporation for both the transporter and F-actin was around 1%. Extraction of [3H]cytochalasin B labeled membranes with Triton X-100 resulted in the selective elution of labeled polypeptides from the transporter region while cytochalasin B labeled polypeptides in the region of red cell actin remained in the extracted pellet. PMID- 6683568 TI - [Properties of lipases from Oospora lactis]. AB - The procedure of isolation and purification of lipases from the fungus Oospora lactis have been developed. The existence of two different lipases has been demonstrated, one of which (Mr = 43000) is localized in the periplasmic space and can be liberated into the external medium in an unchanged form, while the other (Mr = 40000) is tightly bound to the membranes and can be solubilized by detergent treatment. The most essential properties of the lipases are discussed and a detailed analysis of the functional and physicochemical properties of extracellular lipase is given. PMID- 6683569 TI - [Purification and physico-chemical properties of the sex steroid-binding globulin of human blood]. AB - A new technique for purification of the human sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is described. This technique includes affinity chromatography of blood serum on cortisol-Sepharose, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, gel filtration on a Bio-Gel P-300 column and chromatography on a concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B column. From 21 of retroplacental serum 10 mg of pure SHBG (25% yield) has been obtained. Upon gel filtration SHBG behaved as a biopolymer with Mr of 120,000. The molecular weight of SHBG as determined by electrophoresis was shown to be equal to 50,000. SHBG has a sedimentation constant of s20, w of 4.7S, pI of 5.75, extinction coefficient A1%(280,1cm) = 10,5 and association constants of 4.5 X 10(8) and 3.5 X 10(6) M-1 for 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and cortisol, respectively. The amino acid and carbohydrate contents of SHBG were determined. PMID- 6683570 TI - Serum retinol and retinol-binding protein in mothers and infants at delivery. AB - The relations at birth between infant and maternal serum retinol, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and retinol/RBP molar ratio were investigated in 25 healthy term infants and their mothers. The mean serum levels of retinol and RBP were significantly higher in the mothers, but the mean molar ratio of retinol/RBP (RBP saturation) was significantly higher in the infants. Both the infant serum RBP and the infant RBP saturation were positively correlated to the respective serum levels in the mothers. PMID- 6683571 TI - Influence of rete testis fluid on the metabolism of testosterone by cultured principal cells isolated from the proximal or distal caput of the rat epididymis. AB - Principle cells from 120 elutriations were used to improve procedures for culturing cells from the proximal or distal caput epididymidis. The criteria evaluated were metabolism of testosterone (T) to 5 alpha-reduced metabolites and cellular morphology after 6 days of culture. Isolated principal cells (greater than 90% viability) were cultured at 34 degrees C within a floating collagen matrix. Inclusion of transferrin or retinol in the culture medium increased the production of 5 alpha-reduced metabolites. Aggregation of principal cells before entrapment in the collagen matrix resulted in higher production of 5 alpha reduced metabolites and more cells with a normal find structure than entrapment of dispersed cells in the matrix. Aggregated cells tended to form sheets or clusters, frequently arranged around a central lumen, with junctional complexes between adjacent cells. Cell polarity and morphologic features distinguishing principal cells from the proximal caput and distal caput epididymidis were retained. An average of 91% of the cells in aggregates were morphologically normal on Day 6 of culture in contrast to 5% for the single cells. Utilizing the improved culture procedure, we tested the hypothesis that ovine rete testis fluid (RTF) contains macromolecules which would aid in maintenance of a high rate of T metabolism. Principal cells were cultured in medium supplemented with 0 or 10% RTF, 10% ultrafiltrate of RTF (less than 10,000 daltons), or 10% newborn calf serum (NCS). Conversion of [3H]T to 5 alpha-reduced metabolites by cells from the proximal caput was twice that in cells from the distal caput on Day 6 of culture. Inclusion in the culture medium of 10% RTF or 10% NCS, but not 10% ultrafiltrate of RTF, increased (P less than 0.05) the production of 5 alpha-reduced metabolites by cells from both regions. We conclude that macromolecules in RTF or NCS are beneficial to maintenance of the ability to metabolize T by cultured principal cells, especially those from the proximal caput. PMID- 6683572 TI - Development of optimal drug administration strategies for cancer - chemotherapy in the framework of systems theory. PMID- 6683573 TI - [Circadian rhythms of 11-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion in rats administered cortisol at different times of the day]. AB - Male Wistar rats housed under the conditions of 12L : 12D, 24 +/- 1 degree C and free access to food and water received isotonic sodium chloride solution or cortisol in doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg, respectively. Daily stress or cortisol injections in the morning or evening are the synchronizers of 11 hydroxycorticosteroid excretion rhythm. Morning stress leads to the increase of the 12-hour rhythm. On the contrary, evening stress or cortisol administration during maximal endogenous secretion of corticosteroids are associated with the elevation of circadian periodicity. Exogenic changes in the rhythmic organization of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system are followed by activation of adaptive processes involved in the normalization of the initially modified glucocorticoid rhythm. PMID- 6683574 TI - [Damage to the hemato-encephalic barrier during one-time immobilization stress]. AB - Intravenous injection of trypan blue followed by treatment of the brain according to the Falc-Hillarp was used for morphological study of the blood-brain barrier in control rats and in animals exposed to the 6.5-hour stress. The density of the blood-brain barrier as regards the macromolecules in control animals was found to be liable to noticeable areal variations. The zones of primary increased barrier permeability were found near the basal surface of the brain. Prolonged single immobilization stress gave rise to destructive changes in the blood-brain barrier in the reticular formations of the midbrain and medulla oblongata. Besides, in control animals, there was a slight increase in permeability of the brain areas marked by the reduced barrier density. PMID- 6683575 TI - [Effect of ethanol on the concentration of enkephalins in the brain of rats with different levels of alcoholic motivation]. AB - Radioimmunoassay was used to measure the content of leu- and met-enkephalins in white random-bred rats divided into groups according to the duration of ethanol anesthesia and the levels of 15% ethanol consumption under the conditions of free choice. The concentration of neuropeptides was determined in the cortex of the large hemispheres, striatum, thalamus, and medulla oblongata. The short-sleeping animals manifested elevated concentration of leu-enkephalin in the cortex and that of met-enkephalin in the striatum, medulla oblongata, and thalamus. Prolonged alcoholization under the conditions of free choice led, in the much drinking animals, to decreased concentration of leu- and met-enkephalins in the striatum, thalamus and medulla oblongata and to increased concentration of leu enkephalin in the cortex. The importance of leu- and met-enkephalins in the pathogenesis of chronic experimental alcoholism in rats with different alcoholic motivation is considered. PMID- 6683576 TI - [Diurnal fluctuations in the activity of the caudate nucleus and its sensitivity to psychotropic agents in cats]. AB - Restraining function of the caudate nucleus in cats is less pronounced and amphetamine-induced stereotypy is more demonstrable at night time than at day time. Amphetamine reduces caudate activity also more markedly at night. Haloperidol, on the contrary, decreases more significantly the thresholds of arrest reaction induced by stimulation of the caudate nucleus and abolishes amphetamine-induced stereotypy at day time. The data obtained might be explained by more appreciable accumulation of nigro-strial dopamine by cats at dark time. PMID- 6683577 TI - [Detection of endogenous intracisternal type A particles in early mouse zygotes]. AB - Electron microscopy was used to examine early zygotes from C57BL/6 mice aged 5-7 h after mating. A great number of intracisternal type A particles (IAP) in the cavity of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and in the large vesicles of the Golgi complex were demonstrated in ultrathin sections of any of the 70 embryos under examination. IAP were detected in different areas of zygote cytoplasm and near the vitelline membrane of the zygote. Expression of virus particles in so early zygotes provides evidence in favour of the hypothesis of IAP involvement in the processes of normal differentiation. PMID- 6683579 TI - Capillary haemangioblastoma of bone resembling a vertebral haemangioma. PMID- 6683578 TI - Clinical effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - High dose immunoglobulin infusions showed a marked effect on platelet counts in eight out of nine chronic ITP patients and in one SLE patient. In the comparison of different IgG-preparations, the pepsin treated IgG F (ab')2 showed no platelet elevation while the sulfonated did. The elevated platelet count could not be maintained after discontinuation of IgG infusions, but in six out of ten patients the platelet level remained above the pretreatment values. This new treatment seems to be safe and effective in adulthood ITP. PMID- 6683580 TI - Toxicity of platinum drug radiosensitisation. PMID- 6683581 TI - Catecholamine content of intracerebral adrenal medulla grafts. AB - The rotational behavior which is produced by substantia nigra lesions can be decreased by adrenal medulla grafts adjacent to the denervated striatum. Perhaps these grafts secrete dopamine that diffuses into the striatum. In the present study, we measured concentrations of catecholamines in adrenal medulla grafts as compared with the normal adrenal medulla. The grafts were found to have high but extremely variable concentrations of dopamine. In hosts with substantia nigra lesions, concentrations of dopamine in the adrenal medulla grafts were decreased. Substantia nigra lesions, however, tended to increase concentrations of epinephrine in the grafts, while norepinephrine and total catecholamine concentrations were not significantly affected. It is concluded that at least some adrenal medulla grafts contain concentrations of dopamine sufficient to account for their behavioral effects. PMID- 6683582 TI - Rapid reorganization of the axonal cytoskeleton induced by a gamma diketone. AB - Microtubules and neurofilaments are the major components of nerve fiber axoplasm and are evenly distributed longitudinally. Rearrangement of this distribution can be induced by a number of chemicals, including 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD). Utilizing 2,5-HD, this study explores the earliest time points of observable rearrangement of the cytoskeletal elements. Intrafascicular injections into the sciatic nerve shows central accumulation of microtubules and peripheral relocation of neurofilaments within 1 min of injection, suggesting a direct effect of the toxin on these components. PMID- 6683583 TI - Acetylcholinesterase changes in the central nervous system of mice during the development of morphine tolerance addiction and withdrawal. AB - The distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the brain is studied during the development of morphine tolerance and through a period of withdrawal to elucidate the possible role of this enzyme in producing physical dependence in mice. Tolerance and physical dependence are produced in male albino mice by giving morphine sulphate subcutaneously at eight hourly intervals, in an increasing dose of 10 mg/kg body weight every 24 hours, for 15 days. The animals are considered addicted, when they received an otherwise lethal dose, 150 mg/kg three times a day. The enzyme shows a marked elevation in the overall distribution during the development of physical dependence. The habenular complex, nuclei anterioventralis and medialis thalami, nucleus caudatus putamen, amygdaloideus lateralis, septal nuclei, nucleus nervi hypoglossi, nucleus reticularis lateralis, tuberculum olfactorium, nucleus tractus diagonalis brocae, stratum pyramidale hippocampi, nucleus paraventricularis thalami, nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi, nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini and nucleus reticularis thalami show an increase in the enzyme activity. This enhancement is not linear with the increase in dosage. Withdrawal is characterised by a sudden fall in the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the above mentioned areas of brain. PMID- 6683584 TI - Uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in hypothalamic and limbic brain regions during the estrous cycle and the effect of neurotoxin lesions on estrous cyclicity. AB - The temporal pattern of hypothalamic and limbic aminergic activity during the estrous cycle has been measured by changes in the serotonergic and noradrenergic neuronal uptake during the regular estrous cycle. Significant changes (p = 0.006, 0.01) in the uptake of 3H 5-HT and 3H NE were recorded in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) at 1200 hours on proestrus. Significant changes (p = 0.01, 0.018) in the uptake of 3H 5-HT in the preoptic area (POA) were found at 1200 hours on both diestrus and proestrus while median eminence (ME) 5-HT showed a significant increase only during proestrus (p = 0.001). In the amygdala (AMYG) 3H 5-HT uptake was significantly different at 1200 hours on diestrus and proestrus while 3H NE uptake was significant (p = 0.001) at 1200 hours only during proestrus. The plasma proestrous luteinizing hormone surge occurred at 1700 hours. The serotonin neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, was stereotaxically injected through a 30 gauge needle in concentrations of 5-10 micrograms/microliters/minute for 1 minute in various nuclear regions. In the SCN 4 or 5 day estrous cyclicity was interrupted by diestrus for average periods of up to 15 days; in the POA for periods of 10 days; in the ME for periods of 13 days; and in the AMYG for periods of up to 6 days. Sham injections of 5% ascorbic acid had no effect on cyclicity and following these periods of acyclicity rats resumed normal cycles. These lesion effects and patterns of uptake suggest a common timing mechanism utilizing serotonergic raphe systems for neuroendocrine control. Lesions with 5,7-DHT in all four brain regions disrupt cyclicity, but the greatest delays occur in the SCN and ME regions which are particularly critical to intrinsic neuroendocrine rhythms. Patterns of increase in reuptake capacity in all 4 regions occur 3 hours prior to the critical period for the plasma LH surge and may be an important mechanism for many types of neuroendocrine events including ovulation. PMID- 6683585 TI - [New observations on the paraurethral (Skene's) ducts and glands in females]. PMID- 6683586 TI - Diurnal variations of calcium transport in the small intestine of adrenalectomized, nephrectomized, and vitamin D-treated rats. AB - Everted gut-sac-technique was used to study diurnal periodicity of active calcium transport in the small intestine of the adult rat maintained under 12:12 hours light-dark cycle. Similar to intact rats, diurnal fluctuations of the transport capacity persisted in adrenalectomized animals and in rats treated with 100,000 units of vitamin D3. Bilateral nephrectomy resulted in significant dampening of diurnal transport fluctuations. In contrast to the differences in calcium transport, diurnal changes of the calcium binding protein did not appear to be statistically significant when investigated in the intact, vitamin D-treated and nephrectomized rats. PMID- 6683588 TI - Effect of a proteoglycan produced by rat tumor cells on their adhesion to fibronectin-collagen substrata. AB - In this paper, we demonstrate that a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan purified from a rat yolk sac tumor alters the adhesion of the tumor cells to substrata containing fibronectin or type I collagen. In the presence of the proteoglycan, these substrata were much less adhesive and did not promote cell spreading. The inhibitory effect of the proteoglycan was reversible and more pronounced during the early stages of cell attachment in vitro. The effect of the proteoglycan was selective in that it depended on the ability of the adhesive substratum to bind the proteoglycan. The proteoglycan did not inhibit the attachment of the cells to type IV collagen, which bound 12 times less proteoglycan than did type I collagen. Similarly, attachment of the cells to fibronectin fragments which did not bind the proteoglycan was not affected by it. The selective effects of the proteoglycan on the adhesion of cells to extracellular matrices suggest that such proteoglycans may promote tumor invasion by reducing interaction of cells with interstitial extracellular matrices while permitting attachment to basement membranes. PMID- 6683587 TI - Inhibition of amino acid transport by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) derivatives in L1210 murine leukemia cells. AB - The uptake of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) has been studied in the L1210 murine lymphoid leukemia cell line. Labeled cisplatin and its aquated derivatives were resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography on a strong cationic exchange column. After 10 min of incubation of cisplatin with the cells, the major portion of the non-protein-bound platinum was in the form of cisplatin. However, a portion of this platinum was converted with time to a derivative which coeluted with the monoaquo derivative of cisplatin. With the appearance of this derivative, there was a concomitant inhibition of sodium-dependent amino acid transport as measured by the uptake of aminoisobutyric acid and methionine. Furthermore, the exposure of L1210 cells to a preparation of predominantly aquated product(s) of cisplatin inhibited amino acid uptake following a brief (2 min) incubation, whereas measurable inhibition of amino acid uptake by cisplatin required a longer preincubation period. This inhibition of aminoisobutyric acid and methionine was dependent on the concentration of platinum. Aminoisobutyric acid and methionine were shown to be concentrated in L1210 cells in the presence of sodium ions, and competition experiments suggest similar uptake systems. Since L1210 cells are methionine-auxotrophic leukemic cells, inhibition of essential amino acid transport by cisplatin may be a mechanism of cytotoxic action. PMID- 6683589 TI - Nuclear estradiol-binding sites in human breast cancer. AB - The binding of estradiol to nuclear fractions extracted from human breast carcinomatous tissue was demonstrated. The material, which was extracted with KCl, had an approximate molecular weight of 37,000 and bound estradiol with both high and low affinity (Kd congruent to 1 nM, type A receptors; Kd congruent to 30 nM, type B receptors) as calculated according to the method of Scatchard. Competition studies indicated that both components were specific for estradiol, and among the 134 tumors studied the receptors were found to be linked in almost all cases. Thirty-six % of the tumors were nuclear receptor positive. Cytoplasmic estradiol and progesterone receptors were also measured. Among the cytoplasmic tumors positive for cytoplasmic and progesterone receptors, 37% were devoid of both types of nuclear receptors; this may explain the failure of endocrine therapy in some cases. The determination of nuclear binding sites in human breast tumors appeared to be an interesting criterion for the assessment of estradiol dependent cell growth. PMID- 6683590 TI - Action of hydrolyzed cisplatin and some analogs on microtubule protein polymerization in vitro. AB - The inhibition of tubulin microtubule polymerization by cisplatin was investigated. The interaction was monitored by turbidity measurements and electron microscopy. For a 2.5 x 10(-5) M concentration of cisplatin, the inhibition at 37 degrees C was nearly 50% after 1 hour of incubation and 80% after 2 hours. A similar but lesser effect was observed after incubation at 4 degrees C. One analog of cisplatin, sulfato-aqua(1,2)diamminocyclohexane platinum II, showed the same inhibition effect. PMID- 6683591 TI - Phase II evaluation of mitomycin and cisplatin in advanced esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 6683592 TI - Myofibrillogenesis in vitro as seen with the scanning electron microscope. AB - The present study describes an experimental approach whereby myofibrillogenesis and the three-dimensional arrangement of myofibrils present within cultured skeletal muscle cells can be examined using the scanning electron microscope. This procedure uses cells that have been cultured on gold-coated coverslips, and treated with Triton X-100 to extract the cell membrane and the soluble cytoplasm. Subsequent electroconductive staining by treatment with thiocarbohydrazide and osmium allows the myofibrils to be visualized. The images of myofibrils in various states of development observed by this method generally accords to those previously reported by transmission electron microscopy. Cell elongation and adhesion to the substrate causes mechanical stress from different directions which meet at branchings of the cultured myotubes. Many myofibrils are observed to run in the direction of the inferred stress lines. PMID- 6683593 TI - Effects of oestradiol-17 beta and testosterone on the histology of pituitary, liver, ovary and skin of previtellogenic Epinephelus akaara (Teleostei, Serranidae). AB - The pituitary gland of the red grouper, Epinephelus akaara, was studied by histochemical techniques, and the prolactin cells, corticotrops, somatotrops, gonadotrops, thyrotrops, pars intermedia cells and neurohypophyseal cells, were identified. Oestradiol-17 beta treatment caused PAS-positive cells in the proximal pars distalis, presumably a mixture of gonadotrops and thyrotrops, to undergo hypertrophy, vacuolation and degranulation of cytoplasmic glycoprotein granules. Disappearance of cytoplasmic granules was also evident in the PAS positive pars intermedia cells. Oestrogen-treated fish also showed an increase in the hepatosomatic index, and hepatocytes enlarged in size, their nuclear diameter increased and large vacuoles were formed in the cytoplasm. These changes in the liver were paralleled by a secretion of vitellogenin into the serum and an increased production of mucus by the thickened skin epithelium. Testosterone injections did not affect such changes, neither in the pituitary nor liver cells, but a proliferation of skin epithelial cells was noted. Neither oestradiol-17 beta nor testosterone stimulated ovarian incorporation of vitellogenin, but treatment with high doses (5 mg/kg) of oestradiol-17 beta or testosterone brought about a slight increase in the gonadosomatic index and atresia of some of the primary oocytes. The oogonial population size decreased in response to treatment with high doses of oestradiol-17 beta. PMID- 6683594 TI - The HL-60 transforming sequence: a ras oncogene coexisting with altered myc genes in hematopoietic tumors. AB - The oncogene of the HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line has been passed serially through NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Oncogene-specific probes prepared from the resulting tertiary transfectants by molecular cloning have been used to show that loss of the transfected oncogene from NIH/3T3 cells correlates with reversion to nontransformed morphology. Analysis of cells transfected by the oncogenes of other tumors and tumor cell lines indicates that the transforming gene of the HL-60 leukemia cell line is closely related to oncogenes of a Burkitt's lymphoma, an acute myelogenous leukemia, an adenocarcinoma of the colon, a neuroblastoma, and two sarcomas. This oncogene is distantly related to the viral oncogenes of Kirsten and Harvey sarcoma viruses. It has been termed N ras. The active N-ras oncogene coexists with altered versions of the myc oncogene in the HL-60 and AW Ramos human tumors. This suggests a multistep mechanism involving both ras and myc genes in the creation of these tumors. PMID- 6683596 TI - A study of intestinal copper-binding proteins in mottled mice. AB - The substantial retention of Cu2+ and to a lesser extent Zn2+, in the gut mucosa of neonatal MO mutant mice is largely associated with a low molecular weight protein tentatively identified as metallothionein. [35S]Cysteine incorporation into this protein in mutant mice is elevated, indicating that Cu2+ retention in the gut is associated with an increase in the synthesis of metallothionein. The high Cu2+ levels of mutant gut tissue decline rapidly with age to reach an approximately normal level by 24 days of age; this decline cannot be prevented by dietary supplementation and it is suggested that gut 'closure' and consequent reduced uptake by pinocytosis are important factors in this decline. PMID- 6683595 TI - Antitumor effects of rhodium(I), iridium(I) and ruthenium(II) complexes in comparison with cis-dichlorodiammino platinum(II) in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. AB - The effects of square planar rhodium, [RhacacCOD]o and iridium, [IracacCOD]o complexes and of octahedral ruthenium, [cis-RuCl2 (DMSO)4]o complex have been examined in comparison with cis-dichlorodiammino platinum(II) (cis-PDD). The toxicity in BDF1 mice varies widely and decreasing LD50-values, ranging from 0.94 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg, have been obtained for cis-PDD, [RhacacCOD]o, [IracacCOD]o and [cis-RuCl2(DMSO)4]o, respectively. All the tested complexes similarly inhibit the growth of subcutaneous Lewis lung carcinoma and the development of spontaneous as well as of artificial metastases, with the exception of [IracacCOD]o which is inactive on metastases. The antitumor activity of [RhacacCOD]o and [cis-RuCl2(DMSO)4]o appears interesting, since it is of the same magnitude as that of cis-PDD, considering also that they were found to be only marginally nephrotoxic. PMID- 6683597 TI - [Nutritional survey in Upper Volta. 2. Risk factors associated with malnutrition]. AB - Malnutrition-associated risk factors have been studied in Upper Volta following a multivariate statistic analysis performed with a computer (Manova). The multiple correlation coefficients for 7 predictors were 0.14 for the children and 0.34 for the women. Results show that the nutritional situation worsens when the density of the population leads to an over exploitation of the land in the North West. Two different life-styles, i.e. cattle breeding and agriculture determine strikingly different nutritional situations among women and children. Family factors are also important to the nutritional status of the children. PMID- 6683598 TI - [Phenomenon of choroid adoption of retinal angioma after its treatment: sign of "choroidal steal". Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6683599 TI - [Evaluation of 4 years of implantation]. PMID- 6683600 TI - [Value of ophthalmologic argon laser used in the treatment of cutaneous angioma of the face]. PMID- 6683601 TI - K-region oxidized metabolites of 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene. AB - Synthesis is described of the methyl ether of 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide, previously implicated as a metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene which binds covalently to nucleic acids in vivo. PMID- 6683602 TI - Angiosarcoma of the face: report of a case. PMID- 6683603 TI - Measurement of sex hormone binding globulin in human amniotic fluid: its relationship to protein and testosterone concentrations, and fetal sex. AB - Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) has been identified and quantified in human amniotic fluid. Identification was based on its electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gels and its steroid binding characteristics, which were identical to those attributed to SHBG in pregnancy serum. Amniotic fluid SHBG binding capacity was measured by competitive saturation analysis using [3H]-5 alpha dihydrotestosterone as the labelled ligand, after removal of endogenous steroids with dextran-coated charcoal. Similar amniotic fluid SHBG binding capacities were found in samples taken during early (13-20 weeks, 8.5 +/- 5.1 (SD) nmol/l, n = 10) and late (36-37 weeks, 8.7 +/- 3.0 nmol/l, n = 28) pregnancy. In comparison with pregnancy serum SHBG levels (390 +/- 140 nmol/l, n = 5), amniotic fluid SHBG was not enriched in relation to the relative concentrations of total proteins, albumin or transferrin. Amniotic fluid is therefore not a better source for the purification of SHBG than pregnancy serum. There were no differences in amniotic fluid SHBG levels with respect to fetal sex, but positive correlations were observed between SHBG binding capacities and testosterone concentrations in amniotic fluid from both male (r = 0.68, P less than 0.001) and female (r = 0.53, P less than 0.05) fetuses. It is suggested that SHBG may sequester free testosterone in amniotic fluid, and that measurements of SHBG in amniotic fluid may help to more accurately identify fetal sex in cases where borderline amniotic fluid testosterone concentrations are found. PMID- 6683604 TI - Platelet associated immunoglobulins and complement in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to quantitate platelet associated (PA) immunoglobulins G, A and M and complement factors C3c and C4. Fifteen patients with acute and 29 patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were studied as well as 35 normal controls. Forty-three out of 44 (98%) patients had elevated platelet associated immunoglobulins. PAIgG was elevated in 95%, PAIgA in 82% and PAIgM in 74% of the patients. PAC3 was increased in 86% and PAC4 in 57% of the patients. There was strong correlation between PAC3 and PAIgG but not between PAC4 and PAIgG in acute ITP. In chronic ITP, however, PAC4 correlated strongly and even better than PAC3 with PAIgG. This strengthens the conjecture that the pathogenesis of ITP in many acute cases differs from that of chronic ITP. PMID- 6683605 TI - Isolation and assay of a human plasma factor affecting human thymus-derived lymphocytes. AB - An amino acid-containing factor has been isolated from a dialysate of defibrinated human plasma using Sephadex G-25 and Sephadex CM-25 column chromatography. This factor is capable of enhancing "avid" E-rosette formation by normal human lymphocytes, where avid E-rosettes are defined as lymphocytes binding 10 or more sheep red cells. This factor is effective at concentrations as low as 10(-12) g/ml. It resembles the porcine and murine "facteur thymique serique" (e.g. J.-F. Bach, M. Dardenne, J.-M. Pleau, and J. Rosa, Nature (London) 266, 55, 1977) in its elution characteristics, its capacity to enhance avid E rosette formation and, tentatively, its amino acid composition. PMID- 6683606 TI - Depressed natural killer cell activity in tumor-bearing rats: effect of immunotherapy and cytoreductive chemotherapy. AB - A single-cell cytotoxicity assay was used to determine the number of effector cells in the peripheral blood of normal and tumor-bearing Fischer 344 female rats which bound to and lysed K562 target cells. Of the blood leukocytes of normal rats 18.4 +/- 2.6% bound to K562 target cells; one-third of the conjugated target cells were killed as evidenced by trypan blue uptake. Cells isolated from the blood of rats bearing mammary adenocarcinoma R3230 or 13762 bound fewer target cells, 6.3 +/- 1.1 and 7.1 +/- 1.8%, respectively. The proportion of dead conjugated target cells was not different from that of normal rat leukocytes if the leukocytes were from rats bearing 13762 but was reduced by one-half if the leukocytes came from rats bearing R3230. Treatment of the tumor-bearing rats with cytoreductive chemotherapy returned the percentage conjugation to target cells to normal levels if the tumor growth was inhibited more than 70%. Treatment of the tumor-bearing rats with immunomodulating agents did not inhibit the growth of the tumors, but treatment with sodium ibuprofen or muramyl dipeptide increased the percentage conjugation significantly. PMID- 6683607 TI - Failure of endurance training to alter the cardiovascular response to static contraction. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether endurance training alters the cardiovascular response to static contractions of the trained, but not untrained, musculature. Six healthy, untrained males (aged 23-36 years) underwent 10-12 weeks of intensive training involving both cycling and running. Peak VO2 on the bicycle ergometer, VO2max during graded treadmill running and concentrations of citrate synthase (CS) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in the vastus lateralis muscle were measured before and after training. Subjects performed static leg extension and forearm extension at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction until exhaustion before and after training. Heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured at rest, and in addition to perceived exertion (PE), every 30 s during contraction. Endurance training elicited significant increases in peak VO2 (36%), VO2max (32%), CS (25%) and MDH (42%) (all P less than 0.05). HR at rest was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) after training, while SBP and DBP were unchanged. HR, SBP, DBP and PE increased throughout both types of static contractions. However, the magnitude of the increases were unaffected by training. In contrast to recent findings, these results suggest that the increases in heart rate and blood pressure in response to static contraction are not altered after endurance training in either the trained or the untrained muscle groups. PMID- 6683608 TI - Quantitative estimation of anaerobic and oxidative energy metabolism and contraction characteristics in intact human skeletal muscle in response to electrical stimulation. AB - A set up for electrical stimulation of the human quadriceps femoris muscle and registration of tension is described. Normal values for the frequency-tension relations and relaxation time are presented. There was no relationship between contraction characteristics and fibre type distribution. Muscle tissue was sampled after electrical stimulation by percutaneous biopsy technique. Phosphocreatine (PCr) decreased during a 75 s isometric contraction from 76 mmol per kg dry muscle down to a mean value of 9 mmol. Lactate increased during the same time period from 5 mmol per kg dry muscle to 100 mmol. At end of contraction there was a rapid resynthesis of PCr with a half time of about 20 s while the lactate content decreased slowly. The relaxation time of the muscle was prolonged from 38 ms, in non-fatigued muscle, to 128 ms after 75 s of isometric contraction. The relaxation time was normalized after the contraction at the same rate as the resynthesis of PCr. It is proposed that the relationship between PCr and lactate of contracting muscle can be used as an index of glycolytic capacity and that the rate of resynthesis of PCr after contraction is a measure of oxidative capacity. Relaxation time measurements alone may be used as a non invasive estimation of the oxidative capacity. PMID- 6683610 TI - Pre- and postoperative lung function in sitting and supine position related to postoperative chest X-ray abnormalities and arterial hypoxaemia. AB - Spirometry in both sitting and supine position was performed before and 3-5 days after elective upper abdominal surgery in 53 men, aged 41-72 years. The results were related to postoperative respiratory complications as defined by chest radiography and to measurements of the arterial oxygen tension. Preoperative total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC) and wash-out volume (WOV) were lower in both positions among patients who were to develop major chest X-ray abnormalities than among patients with normal chest radiographs postoperatively. All patients who developed major chest X-ray abnormalities had a negative value for FRC - closing capacity (CC) in the supine position preoperatively, indicating 'airway closure' during tidal breathing. Preoperative WOV and lung clearance index (LCI) were higher in both sitting and supine positions in patients who developed postoperative hypoxaemia than in patients who did not. The postoperative decrease in TLC, FRC and WOV in the sitting position was greater among patients with major X-ray abnormalities and/or arterial hypoxemia postoperatively than among patients without these complications. According to our results, conventional spirometry in the supine position is not superior to conventional spirometry in the sitting position as part of pre- or post-operative assessment of patients. On the other hand, both preoperative 'airway closure' and arterial oxygen tension, measured in the supine position, showed a correlation with postoperative chest X-ray abnormalities. PMID- 6683609 TI - Regional extravascular lung density and fractional pulmonary blood volume in patients with chronic pulmonary venous hypertension. AB - Using a technique based on positron transmission and emission tomography, we measured regional extravascular lung density (lung tissue and interstitial water per unit thoracic volume) and fractional pulmonary blood volume (volume of blood per unit thoracic volume) in normal subjects and in patients with cardiomyopathy and chronic pulmonary venous hypertension. We found an increase in extravascular lung density in the patients. Extravascular density was increased in all parts of the lung studied, but higher values were seen in the dorsocaudal portion than in the ventrocaudal portion of the lung (average 151% and 130% of normal, respectively). Fractional blood volume was markedly reduced in the dorsocaudal part of the lung (mean 74% of normal). The increase in extravascular density probably reflects structural changes in the lung as well as accumulation of interstitial fluid. The distribution of extravascular density is consistent with previous radiological and morphological studies, and may reflect a higher tendency to oedema formation in the dependent parts of the lung. The measurements of fractional blood volume suggest that intrapulmonary blood volume is reduced in chronic pulmonary venous hypertension. This may reflect a decrease in the distensibility of the pulmonary vessels due to structural abnormalities, as well as functional changes in the pulmonary vasculature. PMID- 6683611 TI - Simultaneous assessment of right ventricular ejection fraction and central haemodynamics at rest and during exercise in patients with pulmonary hypertension. AB - In 10 patients, aged 55-73, with pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was measured simultaneously with central haemodynamics twice, at rest and during exercise. In the first investigation, RVEF was measured with first pass (FP) radionuclide angiocardiography using 133Xe and 99Tcm as tracers. In the second investigation after 1 h's rest, RVEF was measured with equilibrium (EQ) radionuclide angiocardiography. Significant correlations were found between RVEF and pulmonary artery pressure (r = -0.76 to -0.88) and between RVEF and right arterial pressure (r = -0.76 to -0.84) at rest and during exercise. RVEF was low or decreased during exercise in all patients with haemodynamic signs of right ventricular failure. Good correlations were found between the FP and EQ techniques for measuring RVEF both at rest, r = 0.86, and during exercise, r = 0.91. RVEF, measured with the FP technique, showed better reproducibility and better correlation to haemodynamic variables and to history of right ventricular failure than the EQ technique. Thus, the FP technique seemed to be the method of choice for assessment of RVEF. PMID- 6683612 TI - Difference in systolic blood pressure between arm arm and ankle region in children 0-15 years old. AB - Arm and ankle systolic blood pressure was measured in a supine position in 95 children aged between 2 days and 16 years using either the ultrasound Doppler technique (0-6 years) or the strain-gauge technique (7-16 years). Among children below 1 year of age, the ankle systolic blood pressure was significantly lower than the arm blood pressure and lowest when recorded over the dorsal pedal artery as compared to the post-tibial artery. Children over 1 year of age had a higher ankle systolic blood pressure compared to the arm which corresponds to earlier findings among adults. The study indicates that lower limb systolic pressure is greater than upper limb systolic pressure but first demonstrable at the time when the babies begin to stand or walk. These findings might be used in evaluation of children suspected for aortic coarctation. PMID- 6683613 TI - Transcapillary escape rate of albumin in juvenile hypertension. AB - The transcapillary escape rate of albumin was studied in 24 juvenile hypertensives and in 13 controls on the basis of the radioactivities determined in the blood during 60 min after i.v. injection of human 131I-labelled albumin. In addition, the central haemodynamics of all hypertensive subjects was examined at rest and during exercise. The patients were grouped according to their pressure during the investigation at rest. The group whose mean arterial pressure did not exceed 100 mmHg, thus being within the range of normotension, did not exhibit a significant deviation from controls. The group with mean arterial pressure exceeding this limit (corresponding to the range of borderline hypertension) showed a significantly higher escape rate of albumin (9.3 +/- 5.0%/h) than controls (5.2 +/- 1.6%/h). The albumin escape rate was significantly correlated to the mean pulmonary artery pressure during exercise but not to the remaining central haemodynamic parameters at rest or during exercise. No difference was seen in the magnitude of plasma volumes of juvenile hypertensives and controls. The findings suggest that secondary changes of capillary functions are present already in the early stages of hypertension. PMID- 6683614 TI - Learned helplessness in the gerbil? AB - Evidence of learned helplessness was demonstrated in Mongolian gerbils. Two consecutive days of jump-up escape were followed 24 hr later by testing in a bar press escape task. Reliable differences occurred between escapable and inescapable animals and between inescapable and control animals. PMID- 6683615 TI - Evaluation of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor in circumflex coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. PMID- 6683616 TI - Developmental behavioral genetics. AB - Developmental behavioral genetics is the study of genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in behavioral development. The interdiscipline offers exciting possibilities for research in both child development and behavioral genetics. In this prelude to a special section on developmental behavioral genetics, the potentialities of the interdiscipline are discussed and an overview of the articles that follow is presented. PMID- 6683617 TI - The Louisville Twin Study: developmental synchronies in behavior. AB - The Louisville Twin Study includes nearly 500 pairs of twins and their siblings who have participated in a longitudinal study of mental development, beginning in infancy and extending to adolescence. The results show that individual differences beginning in infancy and extending to adolescence. The results show that individual differences in intelligence progressively stabilized by school age, and each child followed a distinctive pattern of spurts and lags in mental development. Monozygotic twins became increasingly concordant over ages and matched each other closely for developmental trends. By contrast, dizygotic twins regressed to an intermediate level of concordance, comparable with that found for siblings and parent-offspring sets. A comprehensive home assessment was performed to identify the home/family variables that contributed to mental development. The overall results pointed to a strong developmental thrust in the growth of intelligence, which was principally guided by an intrinsic genetic ground plan. Qualitative features of home and family did, however, add significantly to prediction of offspring IQ. The results are interpreted in the context of Waddington's developmental model, and some recent advances in neurobiology and genetics are surveyed for their implications for developmental behavior genetics. PMID- 6683618 TI - The La Trobe Twin Study: a genetic approach to the structure and development of cognition in twin children. AB - Twins are particularly useful for developmental behavior genetics, if adequate consideration is given to the possibilities of twin-singleton differences and of data from twins being unrepresentative of the entire population. As an alternative to existing analyses in the developmental behavior genetics of cognition, the covariance structure analysis method in biometrical genetics involving twins and other relatives has the potential for dissecting the determinants of the structure of cognitive abilities and how these change during childhood, as well as checking on the adequacy of twin data. Designed with these aims in mind, the La Trobe Twin Study is a mixed longitudinal analysis of 1,356 twins, their siblings, and cousins, who are followed between the ages of 3 and 15 years on a battery of physical and behavioral tests. The criteria for choosing behavioral tests in such a project are discussed, along with the comprehensive series of questionnaires necessary to examine the children's development in the context of the stresses a multiple birth may impose on a family. In discussion of methods of analysis, 2 points are emphasized: (1) Twin-singleton differences are specific to particular abilities rather than being general, and (2) the incidence of family changes and stresses in such that these should be considered among the environmental effects on development along with the more usual indices of family environment. PMID- 6683619 TI - A longitudinal twin study of stability of components from Bayley's Infant Behavior Record. AB - Factor scores from Bayley's Infant Behavior Record, obtained from about 300-400 infant twins at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, were selected to represent 3 aspects of infant behavior: task orientation, test affect-extraversion, and activity. Age-to age correlations for the scores yielded a simplex pattern of low to moderate order. Further age-to-age analyses by twin pairs generally showed that the identical twins, as compared with same-sex fraternal twins, generated more within pair similarities for profiles of the factor scores across 2 overlapping age ranges: 6-18 months, and 12-24 months. Overall, the findings indicated that there is reordering of individual differences for aspects of infant behavior from one age to the next, but the sequence of reordering is somewhat structured in accord with genotypic similarity. The longitudinal findings are also discussed within the context of change and continuity of the individuality of infant temperament. PMID- 6683620 TI - A developmental-genetic analysis of common fears from early adolescence to early adulthood. AB - A 51-item fear survey was administered to more than 2,600 adolescents and adults, including m ore than 400 pairs of like-sex twins, to examine developmental patterns and genetic influences on common fears. Raw data were age-sex standardized and subjected to factor analysis, and preliminary analyses of the factor scores documented both age and genetic effects. Some fears habituate with age; others exhibit sensitization; and, for some fears, intensity is uniform across development. Genetic effects were found for all factors, but the magnitude of such effects varied. Based on these initial analyses, developmental patterns of genetic and environmental influences on self-assessed fears were examined in 354 pairs of like-sex twins, ages 14-34. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to predict a twin's fearfulness from the co-twin's fear, the age and zygosity of the twin pair, and the interactions of these 3 predictors. For all fear factors, co-twin's score and the interaction of co-twin's score with pair zygosity significantly contributed to the prediction of a twin's fearfulness, but the magnitude of both effects varied for different fears. For 2 fear factors, Personal Death and Loved One's Misfortunes, 3-way interactions of co-twin's score, age, and zygosity were observed. The findings suggest significant genetic modulation of developmental patterns in the acquisition and maintenance of some adaptive fears. PMID- 6683621 TI - A biometrical analysis of perceptions of family environment: a study of twin and singleton sibling kinships. AB - Biometrical genetic analysis was applied to sibling and twin kinship data on 2 dimensions of perceived home environment. Correlations on 1 dimension, Restrictiveness-Permissiveness, were equal and significant for all kinships: MZ twins, DZ twins, same-sex siblings, and opposite-sex siblings significant for all 4 kinships: MZ twins, DZ twins, same-sex siblings, and opposite-sex siblings (r greater than .40). An E2-E1 biometrical model fitted Restrictiveness Permissiveness, implying that treatments common to siblings create agreement about perceived environment. As intrapair differences were the same for all 4 kinships under this model, the equal environments assumption of the twin method was supported. In contrast, the Acceptance-Rejection dimension fitted a G-E1 model that makes the assumption that sibling similarity is the result of genetic factors and postulates an absence of shared environmental influences. This finding suggests that this aspect of home environment may depend as much on the child's inherited traits as on actual treatments and is in accord with the genetic analysis of individual traits in that developmentally effective environmental factors do not appear to be common to siblings. PMID- 6683622 TI - How people make their own environments: a theory of genotype greater than environment effects. AB - We propose a theory of development in which experience is directed by genotypes. Genotypic differences are proposed to affect phenotypic differences, both directly and through experience, via 3 kinds of genotype leads to environment effects: a passive kind, through environments provided by biologically related parents; an evocative kind, through responses elicited by individuals from others; and an active kind, through the selection of different environments by different people. The theory adapts the 3 kinds of genotype-environment correlations proposed by Plomin, DeFries, and Loehlin in a developmental model that is used to explain results from studies of deprivation, intervention, twins, and families. PMID- 6683623 TI - Progesterone in the ventromedial hypothalamus facilitates estrous behavior in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats. AB - The putative neural target sites of progesterone (P) action for the facilitation of estrous behavior in female rats were reexamined using the hormone implant technique. Subjects were ovariectomized, estrogen-primed Long-Evans females. All were outfitted with bilateral double barreled cannulae assemblies consisting of 23-gauge guide cannulae and 28-gauge inserts. Subjects in Exp 1 received sc injections of individually determined threshold priming doses of estradiol benzoate. Estrogenic priming for subjects in Exp 2 was provided by sc placed Silastic capsules (5 mm) filled with 17 beta-estradiol-cholesterol (1:20). Each subject was tested for estrous behavior with a male after P-filled cannulae and after blank inserts were lowered into the brain. Behavioral tests were conducted 1 and 4.5 h postcannulae placement. Thirty-five of 40 females with P in the ventromedial hypothalamus exhibited high levels of lordosis behavior during the 4.5-h test. Moreover, 29 of the 35 exhibited solicitation behavior as well. Estrous behavior was not exhibited by these animals during the 1-h test. Implants in other regions of the brain (i.e. mesencephalic reticular formation, preoptic area, central grey, caudate putamen, and hippocampus; n = 80) did not consistently facilitate estrous responsiveness. In Exp 3, levels of estrous responsiveness were similar before and after adrenalectomy (n = 10); thus, facilitation of estrous behavior by P-filled implants in the ventromedial hypothalamus was not dependent upon activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis. PMID- 6683624 TI - Abnormal renal mitochondrial 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase activity in the vitamin D and calcium deficient X-linked Hyp mouse. AB - Despite severe hypophosphatemia, plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25 (OH)2D3) are not significantly elevated in the Hyp mouse, a murine homologue of X linked hypophosphatemia in man. To examine the effect of the Hyp mutation on vitamin D hormone biosynthesis, the metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) by isolated renal mitochondria was studied. The ability of a vitamin D deficient, low calcium diet to stimulate renal mitochondrial 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 hydroxylase activity (1-OHase) in normal mice (n = 22) and Hyp littermates (n = 20) was examined. Both genotypes responded to the diet with an increase in 1 OHase activity and a decrease in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase activity (24 OHase). The increase in 1-OHase activity, however, was significantly lower in Hyp mice (8-fold) than in normal littermates (13-fold, P less than 0.001). In spite of depressed 1-OHase in the mutant strain, enzyme activity was significantly correlated with serum calcium concentration in both normal and Hyp mice. The present results provide direct evidence for an abnormal 1-OHase response in renal mitochondria of Hyp mouse. PMID- 6683625 TI - Effect of thyrotropin-induced desensitization of bovine thyroid adenylate cyclase on the nucleotide regulatory protein. AB - The stimulation of adenylate cyclase by TSH was decreased 50-60% in crude membranes prepared from homogenates of bovine thyroid slices that had previously been incubated for 2 h with the hormone. The diminished response was not associated with any significant change in the binding capacity or affinity for 125I-labeled TSH. The apparent affinities of the desensitized adenylate cyclase for TSH or GTP were not different from those of the enzyme prepared from thyroid slices that had been incubated without TSH. Decreased adenylate cyclase responses to NaF, cholera toxin, or guanyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate were also observed in the desensitized membrane, whereas the enzyme responses to prostaglandin E1, GTP, or forskolin were not decreased. However, desensitization caused no decrease in the cholera toxin-catalyzed ADP ribosylation of the 40,000 mol wt polypeptide guanine nucleotide-binding component of the adenylate cyclase. The desensitized membranes showed basal adenylate cyclase activity similar to that of the control membranes using adenyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate as substrate in the absence of a nucleotide regenerating system. These results suggest that the in vitro TSH-induced desensitization of thyroid adenylate cyclase reflects an alteration in the activation processes of the nucleotide regulatory protein. PMID- 6683627 TI - Coordination of glucose metabolism and NADPH formation in the adipose tissue and mammary gland during the lactation-weaning transition. AB - The capacity of fat cells from 48-hour weaned mid-lactating rats to synthesize fatty acids from (1-14C)-glucose and (6-14C)-glucose was markedly increased compared to adipocytes isolated from mid-lactating rats kept with their pups. Pentose shunt activity and glycolytic flux were also markedly increased in fat cells from weaned mid-lactating rats. Isolated fat cells from mid-lactating weaned rats, incubated with oleate and substrates that potentially may supply triosephosphate, showed a significantly stimulated triglyceride synthesis as measured by (1-14C)-oleate incorporation into the acyl moiety. The specific activities of malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were measured in adipose tissue and mammary gland extracts during pregnancy, lactation and weaning. These enzyme activities in the mammary gland increased in parallel from the beginning of pregnancy to the end of lactation. After weaning there was a sharp decrease in enzyme activities to levels similar to those found in mammary glands from virgin rats. In contrast, the activities of the lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue were very low during lactation but increased rapidly after weaning. PMID- 6683626 TI - Hormones and dietary fat as promoters in mammary carcinogenesis. AB - Hormones, particularly ovarian steroids and pituitary prolactin, promote mammary carcinogenesis in rats treated with a carcinogen. Hormones also play a critical role during the initiation process as demonstrated by mammary carcinogenesis in ovariectomized rats. A diet high in fat content, especially polyunsaturated fat, promotes mammary tumorigenesis when it is fed to carcinogen-treated rats for a prolonged period of time. Although a high fat diet is not essential for neoplastic transformation of the mammary cells, its effect on initiation is demonstrated when it is fed to rats for a long duration. Thus, both hormones and high dietary fat play a dual function in mammary carcinogenesis. There are indications that dietary fat may modulate endocrine activities, but a relationship between dietary fat and endocrine function remains to be conclusively demonstrated. PMID- 6683628 TI - Haematology of the racing Thoroughbred in Australia 1: reference values and the effect of excitement. AB - Eight hundred and sixteen blood samples were collected from horses at Sydney race tracks, 1 to 3 h before racing, and subjected to haematological analysis. Haemograms were also performed on 65 blood samples taken from horses at rest in their stalls. These were used as reference values of prerace and resting haemograms, respectively. The haemograms of 29 of the resting horses were compared with the haemograms of the same 29 horses the following day at the race track. Both samples were considered to be representative of their reference populations. In general, there was a significant increase from the resting to prerace packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red cell count, white cell count and total plasma protein, although the extent of the increases varied between horses and, in a minority, levels were unchanged or decreased. The degree of variability in the prerace samples was not greater than that of the resting samples. PMID- 6683629 TI - An EORTC phase II study of vindesine in advanced prostate cancer. AB - In a phase II study of vindesine in patients with bi-dimensionally measurable primary or metastatic prostate cancer, 27 patients (given 3 mg/m2 weekly for at least 4 treatment cycles) were evaluable for response 6 weeks from the start of treatment. Dose escalation to 4 mg/m2 weekly was attempted. Five patients (19%) achieved a partial remission of short duration, 11 patients (41%) showed no change and 11 patients (41%) showed progression. Thirty-one patients were evaluable for toxicity. Neurotoxicity occurred in 58% (severe in 23%) and was apparently cumulative dose-dependent, although there was variable individual sensitivity. Haematological toxicity was evidenced by lack of dose escalation in 32% of patients, dose delay in 71% and some degree of anaemia in 48%. Alopecia occurred in 55%. Other toxicities were few and minor. Vindesine shows marginal activity in prostatic cancer but at this dose schedule causes appreciable toxicity. PMID- 6683630 TI - Lactic acidosis: a metabolic complication of extensive metastatic cancer. AB - Lactic acidosis is a rare metabolic complication of cancer. An analysis of the cases reported in the English and French literature shows that all the patients have extensive neoplastic disease. Metastatic hepatic lesions are present in the large majority of cases, suggesting that alteration of liver function is part of the clinical picture. Chemotherapy against the neoplastic disease is the only effective treatment of this type of lactic acidosis. PMID- 6683631 TI - Clinical pharmacology of 2,5'-diaziridinyl-3,6-biscarboethoxyamino-1,4 benzoquinone (AZQ). AB - 2,5'-Diaziridinyl-3,6-biscarboethoxyamino-1,4-benzoquinone (AZQ) is an alkylating compound which has exhibited a broad spectrum of antitumor activity against a variety of experimental tumors, particularly those implanted intracranially. We have studied the clinical pharmacology of AZQ in 11 patients with various types of tumors. AZQ was administered at 1-12 mg/m2 daily for 5 days by i.v. infusion in 10-30 min. 14C-labelled AZQ was given on day 1 only. Blood and urine specimens were analyzed radiochemically and chromatographically. The plasma disappearance of unchanged AZQ was essentially biphasic, with an initial plasma t 1/2 of 1.4 +/ 0.4 hr and a terminal t 1/2 of 45.5 +/- 3.1 hr. The apparent volume of distribution was 14.2 +/- 3.0 l/kg. The cumulative urinary excretion of unchanged AZQ was 4.3% in 24 hr and 8.6% in 96 hr. The total clearance of the drug was 200 ml/kg/hr. Cerebrospinal fluid AZQ concentration peaked 45-90 min after drug administration, reaching about 70% of that in plasma, and then declined at nearly the same rate. PMID- 6683633 TI - Tamoxifen induces accumulation of MCF 7 human mammary carcinoma cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. AB - When MCF 7 human mammary carcinoma cells in exponential growth phase were treated with tamoxifen a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth was observed. This inhibition was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in the percentage of S phase cells and a concomitant increase in the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Simultaneous treatment of cultures with a 10-fold lower concentration of oestradiol completely reversed the growth inhibitory and cell cycle effects of tamoxifen at doses below 5 microM but only partially reversed the effects of higher doses of this drug. It is concluded: (1) that tamoxifen induced growth inhibition is associated with major changes in the cell cycle kinetic parameters of MCF 7 cells, indicating that this drug is a cell cycle phase-specific growth inhibitory agent and (2) that not all the anti proliferative and cell cycle effects of tamoxifen in vitro are reversed by simultaneous treatment with oestradiol. This suggests that tamoxifen, in addition to having effects on cell proliferation that are reversed by oestrogens and are likely to be oestrogen receptor-mediated, has antitumor activity in vitro that involves biochemical mechanisms independent of the oestrogen receptor system. PMID- 6683632 TI - Adjuvant chemo(immuno-)-therapy of primary breast cancer with adriamycin cyclophosphamide (and levamisole)--six-year evaluation. AB - In a phase II-type study 52 patients with no signs of metastases but with a high risk of recurrence were treated with 6 courses of adriamycin-cyclophosphamide as adjuvant systemic therapy following modified radical mastectomy of primary breast cancer. Half of the patients were randomized to receive additional immunotherapy with levamisole for 2 yr. The scheduled dose and time regimen could be achieved in over 90% of patients. A comparison of the actuarial disease-free and overall survival with data reported in the literature indicates a similar positive effect of adjuvant systemic therapy as described in adjuvant studies using polychemotherapy regimens. Immunotherapy with levamisole has no effect on disease free and overall survival but added to general toxicity. Particular attention was paid to psychological consequences of adjuvant systemic therapy; consistent attention by one specifically trained physician during the whole therapy and follow-up period was effective in coping with the emotional problems. The difficulties in treating recurrences after adjuvant therapy became apparent. A high rate of loco-regional recurrences and of cerebral metastases was noted. PMID- 6683634 TI - The influence of age on the DNA ploidy levels of breast tumours. AB - Primary tumour DNA content and estimates of cell cycle kinetic parameters were analysed by flow cytometry in 114 cases of breast cancer. Tumours were classified as: near-diploid, single aneuploid, tetraploid and greater, and multiploid (defined as having more than one aneuploid tumour cell population). No significant correlations were found between ploidy and histologic type, tumour size, lymph node involvement or receptor (oestrogen and progesterone) status. a highly significant correlation between ploidy and proliferative activity (as assessed by the percentage of cells in S phase) was observed, with near-diploid and diploid tumours being associated with a low (less than or equal to 10%) S phase fraction (P = 0.0001). A marked relationship between ploidy and patient age was also seen, with increased DNA content being associated with older patients (P = 0.025). In contrast, no patients with multiploid tumours were over 60 yr, and their age distribution was significantly different from the population as a whole (P less than 0.05), suggesting that multiploidy might be a phenomenon associated with the menopause. PMID- 6683635 TI - Binding studies on two different monoclonal antibodies raised against CEA. AB - Binding characteristics of two mouse monoclonal antibodies MA/1 and MA/200 raised to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are presented. Double antibody radioimmunoassay and a solid phase assay confirmed that MA/1 binds weakly to CEA extracted from tumour tissue but strongly to CEA in patients' serum. Antibody MA/200 binds with high affinity to both 'tumour' and 'serum' CEA. Ligand-receptor relationship for MA/1 and MA/200 binding to both tumour CEA and CEA isolated from serum are presented from equilibrium binding data analysed by the method of Scatchard. Co titration experiments also indicated that MA/1 and MA/200 and an established polyclonal anti-CEA bind to a similar subpopulation of CEA or CEA-like molecules, but the binding data demonstrate that their respective binding sites are chemically different. PMID- 6683636 TI - Tumor angiogenic activity (TAA) production in vitro and growth in the nude mouse by human malignant melanoma. AB - The production of angiogenic activity by eleven human melanoma lines in vitro was compared with the extent of tumor growth in the nude mouse. Angiogenic activity was assayed by measuring the vascular response of the chick chorioallantoic membrane to serum-free supernatants. Growth in the nude mouse was determined after subcutaneous injection of cells 60 days later. Angiogenic activities ranged from negative to highly positive. In five lines angiogenic activity in vitro correlates with the extent of tumor growth in the nude mouse. In contrast, two lines did not show such a correlation, e.g. they produced large tumours without any detectable angiogenic activity. Histological examination of these two tumors revealed moderate degrees of vascularization and only low degrees of necrosis. It is concluded that the extent of tumor growth in the nude mouse is partly independent of the production of angiogenic activity by the tumor cells themselves. PMID- 6683637 TI - Biological optimization of hyperthermia: modification of tumor membrane lipids. AB - The sensitivity of the solid mammary adenocarcinomas CA755 and MtGB, grown in the medial aspect of the hind legs of host mice, to local hyperthermia (43.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C for 1 hr) was increased by feeding the host mice a diet enriched in linoleic acid. The enhanced sensitivity was expressed only when the diet was fed for 15 days prior to the tumor transfer. Infusion of lidocaine into the tumor immediately before the hyperthermic exposure enhanced the thermal sensitivity of the controls but not of the linoleic acid-enriched tumors. Sensitivity was analyzed by tumor growth rates and growth delay following exposure. The fatty acid patterns revealed that the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (20:4 and 22:6) decreased reciprocally with increased linoleic acid in the liver phospholipids, whereas in the tumor all polyunsaturated fatty acids increased at the expense of monounsaturated fatty acids. These studies suggest that dietary lipids affected tumor cell sensitivity to hyperthermia. PMID- 6683638 TI - Evaluation of oxidative metabolism in tumour-host livers as a possible cause of energy loss in cachectic sarcoma-bearing mice. AB - Oxygen consumption has been measured in sarcoma-bearing mice, liver cells and tumour tissue. The aim was to determine whether oxidative metabolism in tumour host livers contributes to the negative energy balance in non-growing animals with a tumour due to insufficient hepatic adaptation of energy consumption. The oxygen uptake in isolated liver cells from freely fed and starved sarcoma-bearing mice showed a 50% decrease (depressed by 322 mumol O2/hr/g) compared to freely fed controls, while starvation of control animals reduced the oxygen uptake in the liver cells by 30-40%. In host tissues other than the liver, total oxygen uptake was depressed by an average 27% (depressed by 50 mumol O2/hr/g) 10-11 days after tumour implantation. In freely fed animals the ratio between oxygen uptake in the tumour-host liver and the host was 0.13 and 0.18 in sarcoma-bearing and control mice respectively. Depression of oxidative metabolism in tumour-host livers was not associated with ultrastructural alterations in the mitochondria or in other cellular organelles studied by electron microscopy. It is concluded that the negative energy balance in a non-growing tumour-bearing host is not explained by deficient adaptation of the hepatic oxidative metabolism, and that depression of activity metabolism in tumour-bearing animals accounts for depression of the metabolic rate in host tissues other than the liver. PMID- 6683639 TI - Immunotherapy of B-16 melanoma with peptidoglycan monomer. AB - B-16 melanoma-bearing mice received intravenously or intratumorally one or multiple injections of peptidoglycan monomer (PGM) derived from Brevibacterium divaricatum cell wall. Multiple injections of this non-toxic, water-soluble, low molecular-weight peptidoglycan reduced the growth rate of tumor nodule on the leg, but did not significantly prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mice. One milligram of PGM administered 3 or 7 days after tumor inoculation inhibited formation of pulmonary metastases, induced either by intravenous injection of malignant cells or seeded spontaneously from tumor nodules in the legs before amputation. The inhibition reached about 50% of control values in saline-treated mice. Addition of PGM to in vitro cultures of B-16 melanoma cells did not change their growth rate. The phagocytic activity in the lungs, but not in the spleen and liver, was significantly augmented 3 and 7 days after treatment with PGM. These data indicate that the antimetastatic potency of PGM is probably due to activation of local (pulmonary) macrophages and not due to direct cytotoxic effects on B-16 melanoma cells or to activation of systemic antineoplastic defence. PMID- 6683640 TI - Hormone receptors in gastric cancer. PMID- 6683641 TI - Space-occupying lesions of the heart: a computed tomography approach. PMID- 6683642 TI - Treatment of primary embryo-derived teratocarcinomas in mice with cis diamminedichloroplatinum. PMID- 6683644 TI - A phase II study of cisplatin in advanced gastric cancer. AB - Twenty patients with recurrent or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma and prior chemotherapy were treated with cisplatin, 60-120 mg/m2 as a 6-hr infusion repeated every 3 weeks. There were 4 partial responses in 18 evaluable patients. Seven patients had stable disease. Time to progression ranged from 6 to 28 weeks. Median WBC nadir was 3.2 X 10(3)/mm3 (range, 1.5-7.1) and platelet nadir 120 X 10(3)/mm3 (range, 13-220). A transient increase in serum creatinine was observed in 6 cases, and nausea and vomiting in all. We conclude that this drug is active in stomach cancer and that it warrants further trials in combination chemotherapy. PMID- 6683643 TI - Serum amino acids in weight-losing patients with cancer and tuberculosis. AB - A study of arterial and arterio-venous amino acid concentration differences across the forearm was performed in 19 weight-losing cancer (CWL) patients (9 with lung cancer and 10 with other types of cancer), 8 weight-losing patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TWL) and 10 normal controls. Arterial concentrations of many of the amino acids measured were found to be lower in CWL than in TWL patients. In addition, the data suggested a venous excess of amino acids in the CWL patients compared with TWL patients and controls. The increased release of alanine from forearm muscles in the CWL group, together with the low arterial glycogenic amino acid levels, supports the concept of enhanced gluconeogenesis in CWL patients. Low arterial amino acid levels and possible increased release of amino acids from forearm muscle in CWL patients implies enhanced proteolysis with increased central clearance or tumour sequestration of these amino acids, though decreased proteogenesis cannot be excluded in accounting for the venous excesses in this group. Hypocitrullinemia in lung cancer patients was marked, and possible mechanisms to account for this are discussed. PMID- 6683645 TI - A case-control study of female bladder cancer. AB - A case-control study was performed on 47 female bladder cancer patients and 94 female controls matched in age and geographic area. Twenty-five determinants of assumed importance were examined. The bivariate associations revealed a significantly increased relative risk (RR) for bladder cancer associated with use of tobacco, cheroot smoking and saccharin consumption, and some subgroups like never-smokers in combination with use of saccharin. The population attributable risk percentages were estimated. Through a multivariate logistic analysis of selected determinants cheroot consumption was the most pronounced independent variable. PMID- 6683646 TI - Hypothermic perfusion of human kidney carcinoma: effects on viability and perfusate distribution. AB - A more deteriorating effect on tumour tissue than on normal renal parenchyma by hypothermic perfusion has previously been observed. The purpose of this study was to further evaluate changes in the perfusate distribution and the viability of normal cortical tissue and of kidney carcinoma during hypothermic perfusion. Tumour-involved kidneys obtained by nephrectomy from 12 patients were studied either with regard to viability, as measured with the Na+-K+ pump function in incubated tissue slices, or with regard to perfusate flow, as analysed with an isotope labelled microsphere technique. Six days of hypothermic perfusion decreased the potassium content in the tumour tissue, while it was mainly unchanged in the cortical tissue. The steady-state level of potassium in incubated slices reflected that the transmembrane K+ influx was unchanged after 6 days of perfusion in normal cortical tissue, whereas a significant reduction was observed in the tumour tissue. The relative perfusate flow in the tumour, when compared to the normal kidney cortex flow, was reduced from 60% after 1 hr of perfusion to 30% after 6 days of perfusion. PMID- 6683647 TI - Patterns of treatment failure in Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - We have studied patterns of treatment failure in 49 evaluable children with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) who received chemotherapy at different levels of intensity of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate (MTX) or cytosine arabinoside, with or without high-dose dexamethasone, combined with intrathecal MTX. We observed 8 (16%) non-responders (NR), 8 (16%) partial (PR) and 33 (67%) complete responders (CR). PR + NR were all dead by the 10th observation month, while the survival graph plateaued at 70% around the 10th month for CR. We projected that 44% of all evaluable patients would experience prolonged survival beyond the 12th observation month. Three and 5 CR relapsed systemically and in the CNS respectively. Thus 11, 10 and 3 of 26 treatment failures were directly attributable to resistance to chemotherapy, sanctuary effect of the CNS or both respectively. Late complications of paraplegia were responsible for the other two failures. We conclude that drug resistance of BL cells and pharmacological sanctuary effect of the CNS are the major problems in the chemotherapeutic eradication of BL. PMID- 6683648 TI - Longitudinal studies of blood lymphocyte functions in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - The study comprises 26 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who entered complete remission. Lymphocyte subsets and spontaneous and mitogen (ConA, PWM)-induced DNA synthesis were recorded in purified blood lymphocytes harvested before treatment, in remission and in relapse. The T and B lymphocytopenia noted in untreated patients persisted in complete remission. At diagnosis the spontaneous DNA synthesis was increased and the response to mitogen was decreased as compared to controls. Both functions became normalised during complete remission in most patients under 60 yr. The lymphocyte abnormalities reappeared during relapse. A low response to mitogen (ConA) in complete remission seemed to predict early relapse in patients younger than 60 yr. It is concluded that functional abnormalities of blood lymphocytes in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are closely related to the presence of active disease. PMID- 6683649 TI - Comparative studies of normal, 'spontaneously' transformed and malignant human urothelium cells in vitro. AB - In numerous in vitro studies of cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) urothelial cells of normal origin have served as control material. In the present work, which includes 13 human bladder cell lines of non-malignant or malignant origin, a comparison was made of morphology, chromosomal mode, growth fraction and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Signs of apparently spontaneous transformation were seen in two cell lines of non malignant origin. The possibilities for cross-contamination as an explanation of these signs of 'spontaneous' transformation are discussed. During these studies radiation-dependent cytotoxicity of disposable microtissue culture plates was revealed as another important source of error. PMID- 6683650 TI - Human brain tumor xenografts in nude mice as a chemotherapy model. AB - Two human brain tumors which were previously established in nude mice were used to determine antitumor efficacy of various therapeutic agents. These tumors were a medulloblastoma (TE-671) and a glioma (U-251) with mass doubling times of 3.5 and 5.5 days respectively as subcutaneous implants in nude mice. Intracranial (i.c.) tumor challenge was accomplished by inoculating tissue culture-grown cells of either tumor into the right cerebral hemisphere to a depth of 3 mm. Median survival time (MST) in untreated mice with 10(5) i.c. injected TE-671 cells was approximately 30 days and 53 days in the U-251 tumor. With 2 X 10(5) U-251 tumor cells the MST was 27-31 days. Groups of mice which had been inoculated with tumor were treated with various doses and schedules of antineoplastic compounds by the i.p. route. The TE-671 tumor responded to AZQ treatment with an increase in life span (ILS) of 37% compared to untreated controls and an ILS of 30% with CCNU treatment. BCNU and PCNU were ineffective. With the U-251 tumor BCNU produced an ILS of greater than 60%, with 75% cures, greater than 112% ILS with PCNU and 49% ILS with CCNU. Neither tumor responded to procarbazine, PALA, dianhydrogalactitol, D-O-norleucine or dibromodulcitol. The U-251 tumor was treated on various schedules and doses with BCNU and found to respond well on late as well as early treatment. A new drug (rapamycin) being investigated by the NCI was found to be very effective against the U-251 tumor. This model system should prove valuable in assessing the effects of various chemotherapeutic modalities against brain tumors. PMID- 6683651 TI - The influence of antiserotonin treatment with ketanserin on the pulmonary lodgement of circulating tumour cells in normal and traumatized rats. AB - As shown in earlier studies, the lodgement of circulating tumour cells in the lungs is reduced by thrombocytopenia in both normal and traumatized rats. Other experiments have shown that thrombocytopenia and antiserotonin treatment with ketanserin, which has a selective effect on 5-HT2 receptors, decrease the hepatic lodgement of intraportally injected tumour cells. The present studies show that treatment with ketanserin also reduces the lodgement of i.v.-injected tumour cells in the lungs in both normal and traumatized rats. PMID- 6683652 TI - Adolescent bone cancer: is the growth spurt implicated? PMID- 6683653 TI - Progress report on vindesine treatment of melphalan-resistant multiple myeloma. PMID- 6683654 TI - Synergic effect of NADP+ on the antitumor properties of low doses of 9 OH ellipticine towards Walker cells. PMID- 6683655 TI - Differential uptake of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. PMID- 6683656 TI - Picrotoxin microinjections into the brain: a model of abrupt withdrawal 'jumping' behaviour in rats not exposed to any opiate? AB - Picrotoxin microinjections (0.5 microliter per side) given into the locus coeruleus, superior colliculus and central grey of freely moving Wistar rats produced an accelerating galloping locomotion, most often forwards but also upwards. Systemic administration of apomorphine (0.7-2.0 mg/kg s.c.) given 20 min earlier increased the number of rats that displayed the so-called 'running and jumping' behaviour after picrotoxin (0.1-0.2 microgram). The dose-effect curve, however, varied according to the brain structure selected. Systemic administration of morphine (1.0-10.0 mg/kg i.p.) was found to reduce the occurrence of running and jumping behaviour when it was elicited via the locus coeruleus, but not the superior colliculus and central grey. It is suggested that the running and jumping behaviour which is elicited via the locus coeruleus might be a suitable model of a partial morphine abstinence syndrome, i.e. withdrawal jumping, in experimental animals not exposed to any opiate. The superior colliculus and central grey appear to be involved in mediating an opiate unrelated phenomenon of 'withdrawal' jumping in rats not exposed to any opiate. PMID- 6683657 TI - Yohimbine exacerbates and clonidine attenuates acute morphine withdrawal in rats. AB - The involvement of alpha 2-noradrenergic receptors in the expression of opiate withdrawal was studied using an operant behavioral model of acute morphine dependence. Clonidine, an alpha 2-agonist, attenuated and yohimbine, an alpha 2 antagonist, exacerbated the naloxone-induced suppression of fixed ratio 15 responding in rats pretreated several hours earlier with a single, moderate dose of morphine. These data indicate that the alpha 2-agonist action of clonidine is responsible for its amelioration of withdrawal symptoms. It also validates the acute dependence model for studying the pharmacology of opiates and associated adaptive processes. PMID- 6683658 TI - Murine embryonal carcinoma cells differentiate in vitro in response to retinol. AB - In an initial effort to determine whether circulating retinol might promote differentiation of embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells in tumor form, we have assessed the ability of retinol to stimulate differentiation of cultured EC cells. We found that retinol induces several murine EC cell lines to differentiate in vitro. Differentiated derivatives were distinguishable from parental EC cells by morphology, cell surface antigenic properties and levels of secretion of plasminogen activator. Retinol effects could be seen at concentrations as low as 8.7 X 10(-8) M (0.025 microgram/ml). Only two of eight EC lines tested failed to differentiate in response to retinol: PCC4-aza1R, which dies at retinol concentrations above 3.5 X 10(-7) M; and PCC4(RA)-1, a mutant line derived from PCC4-aza1R cells, which also fails to differentiate in response to retinoic acid. PMID- 6683659 TI - X chromosome-induced reversion of chromosome segregation in mouse/Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. Cellular recognition of native and foreign X chromosomes. AB - The direction of chromosome loss in two sets of mouse-Chinese hamster hybrids was compared with the direction of segregation of the same hybrids, to which an additional X chromosome derived from either of the mouse sarcoma lines MethAa, MethAs, or CMS4, was introduced at the time of the fusion. The addition of the X chromosome was carried out by substituting in place of the Chinese hamster parent a mouse X containing microcell hybrid of the latter. It was found that the addition of an X chromosome reverses the direction of chromosome segregation, but it can do so only if the mouse parent in the hybridization is different from the line from which the X originated. The possible reasons for recognition by the cells of a native and a foreign X are discussed. The existence of a multigene family on the X chromosome, involved in this recognition, is proposed. PMID- 6683660 TI - The adrenocortical stress-response in the aged male rat: impairment of recovery from stress. AB - To test if the adrenocortical axis of the rat loses sensitivity to negative feedback control during aging, we examined corticosterone secretion under basal, stressed and post-stress conditions in young and in aged Fisher male rats. We find no age-related change in the speed or magnitude of the stress response or in the capacity to manifest a corticosterone response following chronic stress. However, we do observe in aging rats an elevation of basal corticosterone and an impaired capacity to adapt to and recover from stress. This latter finding is illustrated by longer latencies relative to young rats, in the return of serum corticosterone concentrations to basal values during sustained exposure to mild cold or following the end of immobilization stress. All of these deficits reflect an increased rate of corticosterone secretion during physiologically inappropriate circumstances. Such observations support the concept that there is an age-related loss of sensitivity of the brain and pituitary to the inhibitory effects of high circulating levels of corticosterone on ACTH release. PMID- 6683661 TI - Neural pathogenesis of experimental scrapie after intraocular inoculation of hamsters. AB - Hamsters were inoculated intravitreally with the scrapie agent. All animals developed scrapie and retinal degeneration typical of scrapie. The retinal degeneration was greater in the inoculated eyes than in the uninoculated eyes. Replication of the scrapie agent was rapid in the inoculated eye. Infectivity then spread slowly down the ipsilateral optic nerve to the brain. The replication in the brain paralleled that in the retina of the uninoculated eye. The results support a neural spread of scrapie. PMID- 6683662 TI - Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Ascaridia galli: mitochondrial respiration in free-living and parasitic stages. AB - Aerobic respiratory pathways have been delineated and respiratory efficiency has been assessed in mitochondria isolated from embryonated eggs, infective larvae, and adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Ascaridia galli. Mitochondrial respiration in free-living stages of N. brasiliensis is mediated mainly by a mammalian-like antimycin A- and cyanide-sensitive pathway; specific respiratory activity is high and oxidative phosphorylation efficient. In mitochondria of adult N. brasiliensis, antimycin A- and cyanide-sensitive respiration is decreased relative to respiration though an alternative pathway, and specific respiratory activity and mitochondrial efficiency are lower. Respiration in mitochondria from embryonated eggs and tissues of adult A. galli is comparable, and apparently mediated by an antimycin A- and cyanide-insensitive alternative respiratory pathway; no evidence for the presence of a mammalian-like respiratory pathway in embryonated eggs of A. galli was found. The results of this study are compared to mitochondrial respiration in eggs, larvae, and adult body wall muscle of Ascaris suum. PMID- 6683663 TI - Analysis of aluminium-silicate storage foci in the lungs. AB - A single dose of 60 mg bentonite dust of 0-2 microns particle size suspended in physiological saline was given to CFY rats intratracheally. The effect of bentonite on the lungs was investigated by electron microscope and electron beam X-ray microanalysis 3 and 6 months later. Two cell types were observed within the so-called bentonite storage foci: the majority of the cells building up the storage foci were dark (type I), while the other cells, especially on the periphery of the foci were light with vacuolized cytoplasm (type II). The type I cells contain inclusions consisting of electron dense and electron lucent layers with high Si and Al content, while type II cells contain only small amounts of Al and Si. The inclusions lying with or without a coating, limiting lamella in the cytoplasm were shown to be bentonite deposits on the basis of their structure and composition. Both cell types derive from macrophages, are poor in organelles and exhibit minimal mitotic activity. The bentonite clearance of the storing cells is supposed to be relatively long. PMID- 6683664 TI - Myelin proteins in Wallerian degeneration of the optic nerve. AB - The development of changes in the protein spectrum of the rabbit optic nerve undergoing Wallerian degeneration was studied and compared with the time sequence of the previously established changes occurring in the lipid composition of the degenerating nerve. The myelin protein spectrum remained essentially unchanged till 32 days after enucleation to show a decrease of the relative content of basic myelin proteins accompanied by increased percentages of the Wolfgram protein during the forthcoming development of Wallerian degeneration. The occurrence of changes in the myelin protein spectrum was significantly delayed in comparison with the onset of enhanced esterification of myelin cholesterol, and thus the latter process, and not the hydrolysis of basic protein is considered as an early event, weakening the molecular structure of the myelin membrane that might initiate the demyelinating process. PMID- 6683665 TI - Iron overload of spleen, liver and kidney as a consequence of hemolytic anaemia. AB - Iron overload in spleen, liver and kidney induced by hemolytic anaemia due to a 90-day oral exposure of rats to diuron (N-3,4-dichlorphenyl-N,N-dimethylurea), an urea herbicide, was studied by histochemistry, transmission electronmicroscopy, morphometry and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Increasing dosages of diuron provoked a hemosiderosis in the spleen followed by erythrocytic sequestration and the formation of haemopoietic foci coinciding with Kupffer cell siderosis of the liver. A strong enlargement of the spleen red pulp on the one hand faces an unchanged total white pulp volume as well as no alterations of the white pulp microscopic structure on the other. The electron dense bodies of the endothelial cells did not contain iron whereas hepatocytes possess two types of lysosomes, homogeneous iron containing ones at the sinusoidal site and complex structured ones without detectable iron at the biliary site. The formation of the homogeneous lysosomes is suggested to be due to the hepatocytic reception of hemoglobin-haptoglobin-complexes after intravascular hemolysis. The lysosomes of the biliary site seem to be engaged in hemoglobin degradation. A partial nephrohydrosis due to hemosiderotic events in succession of intravascular hemolysis including hemoglobin reabsorption from the primary urine could be observed. It is assumed that exocytosis might play a major role in hemosiderin removal from kidney tubule cells. PMID- 6683667 TI - Pheromone-induced aggregation of ixodid ticks before host contact. AB - The presence of a pre-feeding aggregation pheromone was demonstrated in the species Dermacentor variabilis, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor parumapertus, Amblyomma americanum and Haemaphysalis leporispalustris by assay within a petri dish. However, Amblyomma maculatum and Amblyomma cajennense did not aggregate in the sector containing discs of presumed pheromone within the hour period. D. andersoni and A. americanum recognized each other's pheromone and A. americanum recognized that of H. leporispalustris. Preliminary experiments with guanine and hemin as possible aggregating factors have thus far given inconsistent results. PMID- 6683666 TI - Functional responses of the rat hepatic endoplasmic reticulum to treatment proposed as a model for cholestasis. AB - Concurrent treatments of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and phenobarbital (PB), alone or in combination with lithocholic acid (LCA), were administered to rats for 7 days to assess whether or not a hypoactive hypertrophic smooth endoplasmic reticulum (HHSER) could be induced, as well as investigating the potential role of HHSER in the pathogenesis of cholestasis. LCA given alone slightly reduced hepatic triglycerides, significantly elevated plasma triglycerides and decreased microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P-ase) activity. PB administered alone significantly increased hepatic phospholipids and microsomal protein, phospholipid and cytochrome P-450 contents, as well as microsomal aminopyrine-N demethylase (APDM-ase) activity. Functional indicators of liver impairment were associated primarily with CoCl2 treatment, whether given alone or in combination with PB + LCA. These signs included significantly reduced hepatic triglycerides, and increased plasma triglycerides associated with enhanced release of hepatic VLDL-triglycerides, as well as significantly decreased microsomal G6P-ase activity and/or reduced APDM-ase activity and cytochrome P-450 content. Elevated plasma bilirubin levels, and aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities were also evident with concurrent CoCl2 + PB + LCA treatments. Combined CoCl2 + PB treatments, with or without LCA, caused significant increases in microsomal protein and phospholipid, and decreased activity of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) marker G6P-ase, but no changes in cytochrome P-450 levels and no marked alterations in the activity of the SER marker APDM-ase. The data indicated that simultaneous CoCl2 and PB treatments, whether given alone or in combination with LCA, caused a functional impairment of the RER, and did not induce HHSER membranes. PMID- 6683668 TI - [Effect of decreased blood flow in the liver on blood pressure and on the renin angiotensin system of the rat]. AB - The effect of reduced blood flow in the liver was studied in acute and chronic experiments on rats. 2 hours after partial constriction of the portal vein in anesthetized rats the mean blood pressure was lower and the plasma renin activity higher than in the control group. There was no relation between the two parameters. 20 weeks after partial constriction of the portal vein in unanesthetized animals the body weight, liver weight and serum albumin fraction were decreased, while the kidney weight was increased significantly and the heart weight insignificantly. The systolic blood pressure of these animals was found to be lower than that of the controls, and their blood pressure response to the i. v. administration of angiotensin II was also lower. In comparison with the control no significant differences were found in the blood renin and substrate levels. The natriuresis proved considerably lower in the animals with the partial constriction of the portal vein. PMID- 6683669 TI - [Changes in the catecholamine content of the dopamine-synthesizing nuclei of the brain in rats under immobilization stress]. AB - Changes of catecholamines (CA) contents in dopamine (DA)--synthetizing nuclei of the midbrain and hypothalamus were measured by means of radioenzymatic technique in Wistar rats after 6.5 hrs of immobilization (IMO), the blood pressure (BP) being recorded in the tail artery. After decapitation, the gastric mucous membrane was examined. In substantia nigra (A9) a tendency toward an increase of the noradrenaline level was observed both during the rise and fall of the BP. In n.arquatus (A12) and n. periventricularis (A14) the changes of noradrenaline and dopamine concentration were in good agreement with the gastric mucous membrane lesion: the CA content was higher in rats with hemorrhages than in ones with ulcers. A sharp decrease of adrenaline content was observed in DA--synthetizing hypothalamic nuclei and it was not correlated with BP changes or injury in gastric mucous membrane. PMID- 6683670 TI - [Effect of prostaglandin analogs on the systemic blood circulation]. PMID- 6683671 TI - The Emperor's New Clothes. PMID- 6683672 TI - Angiosarcoma of the scalp-face. Report of a case with fulminating course. AB - A case of scalp-face angiosarcoma with a fulminating 3 months shorter course is reported. The patient died of bilateral pleural bleeding secondary to hemorrhagic lesions of the visceral pleurae. Clinical findings and histopathology are reported and a brief review of the literature is made. PMID- 6683674 TI - The stability of the human patello-femoral joint. PMID- 6683673 TI - The ultrastructure of the amebocyte-producing organ in Biomphalaria glabrata. AB - The amebocyte-producing organ (APO) in normal and echinostome-sensitized Biomphalaria glabrata was studied at the ultrastructural level. The APO in unexposed snails consists of small clusters of primary ameboblasts resting on the epithelial cells lining the pericardium. The ameboblasts are held in a loose reticulum formed by extensions from smooth muscle and few fibroblastic cells. Secondary ameboblasts and amebocytes constitute further stages of this cell line. Amebocytes, resembling cells in the snail's circulation, appear in the blood sinus coursing through the interior of the APO. Exposure of snails to echinostome miracidia results in significant morphological changes in the organ. Large clusters of primary and and secondary ameboblasts appear, many of these cells undergoing mitosis. Fully activated APOs consist of masses of cells loosely arranged in zones of progressive maturation. Blood cells in activated APOs were significantly larger than those seen in normal APOs. PMID- 6683675 TI - Modelling the femoral load transfer in total hip joint replacement - a preliminary study. PMID- 6683676 TI - A practical dropfoot brace. PMID- 6683677 TI - Biomechanical design of the total ankle prosthesis. PMID- 6683678 TI - Functional differentiation in the spinal column. PMID- 6683679 TI - The effect of inertial factors on spinal stress when lifting. PMID- 6683680 TI - Instrumentation for analysis of continuous neck rotation. PMID- 6683681 TI - Spinal fixator for the management of spinal injury (the mechanical rationale). PMID- 6683682 TI - Voluntary and diurnal variation in height and associated surface contour changes in spinal curves. PMID- 6683683 TI - Studies of the voltage-dependent polyspermy block using cross-species fertilization of amphibians. AB - Fertilization of frog eggs by frog sperm is inhibited if the egg's membrane potential is positive (N.L. Cross and R.P. Elinson, 1980, Dev. Biol. 75, 187 198); however, fertilization of salamander eggs by salamander sperm does not depend on membrane potential (M. Charbonneau, M. Moreau, B. Picheral, J.P. Vilain, and P. Guerrier, 1983, Dev. Biol. 98, 304-318). Since salamander sperm can fertilize frog eggs, we have investigated whether this cross-fertilization is voltage dependent. If, during insemination with Notophthalmus sperm, Xenopus eggs were voltage clamped between +7 and +20 mV, fertilization proceeded in 7/10 (70%) of the clamped eggs, compared to 38/48 (79%) of the neighboring eggs. In control experiments in which voltage-clamped Xenopus eggs were inseminated with Xenopus sperm, fertilization proceeded in only 1/10 (10%) of the clamped eggs, compared to 59/60 (98%) of the neighbors. Similar results were obtained with cross fertilization experiments between Notophthalmus sperm and Rana eggs. These experiments indicate that the voltage dependence of fertilization depends on the species of sperm. PMID- 6683684 TI - Cortical vesicle exocytosis in isolated cortices of sea urchin eggs: description of a turbidometric assay and its utilization in studying effects of different media on discharge. AB - Cortices of unfertilized sea urchin eggs can be isolated in suspension and will discharge the attached cortical vesicles (CVs) in response to calcium. We describe a simple turbidometric assay for monitoring the Ca2+-induced discharge of these vesicles and also compare the discharge of vesicles isolated in a high salt medium (primarily KCl) with a medium more closely simulating the internal milieu of the cell (primarily potassium gluconate and glycine). Discharge in response to calcium is similar in both media, requiring approximately 6 microM calcium for one-half maximal discharge. There are, however, significant differences in morphology and protein composition of the two types of preparations (more proteins present in the glycine cortices) and also in the rate of discharge of the vesicles in response to calcium (KCl cortices with t 1/2 of 6 sec as opposed to 30 sec in the glycine cortices). The glycine cortices gradually lose their ability to respond to calcium but retention of calcium sensitivity is considerably aided by inclusion of ATP in the media; ATP has no apparent effect on discharge of the KCl cortices. The glycine cortices, as opposed to the KCl cortices, exhibited variation in calcium sensitivity during the breeding season and in the number of vesicles which would not break down in response to added calcium (referred to as refractory vesicles). The question of which type of cortex preparation most closely simulates the in vivo situation is discussed, and the view is presented that the glycine cortices most closely resemble the in vivo situation. PMID- 6683685 TI - Polysome structure in sea urchin eggs and embryos: an electron microscopic analysis. AB - Modified chromatin-spreading techniques have been used to prepare reproducible spreads of polysomes for EM visualization. We have analyzed polysomes of sea urchin (Lytechinus pictus) eggs and embryos to elucidate some of the events which occur during the burst of protein synthetic activity following fertilization. We have confirmed that the rise in protein synthesis after fertilization is concomitant with the recruitment of messenger RNA molecules into polysomes. The presence of ribosome-free tails is a structural feature of polysomes in which the mRNA is being translated for the first time. This structural marker has allowed us to derive an elongation rate of 1.5-1.8 amino acids/sec and a transit time of 5 min for the average-sized polysome in L. pictus embryos at 16 degrees C. We have also observed a difference between the structure and the average size of polysomes in the egg and embryo. Egg polysomes are longer (average size = 11.96 ribosomes, n = 671) than 1-hr embryo polysomes (average size = 7.14 ribosomes, n = 863) and 10% of the egg polysomes contain visible gaps while less than 1% of the 1-hr embryo polysomes contain internal ribosome-free regions. We speculate that such differences reflect the lower translation efficiency of the relatively dormant egg cell. PMID- 6683686 TI - Morphological changes during maturation of starfish oocytes: surface ultrastructure and cortical actin. AB - The cell surface and extracellular investments of oocytes of the starfish Pisaster ochraceus are analyzed by Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy. The investing coats include a thin sheet of follicle cells, a jelly coat, and a vitelline layer; their morphologies are described. Methods are outlined for systematically removing them without altering the behavior of the oocyte so that the cell surface can be examined directly. The topography of denuded oocytes changes dramatically when they are treated with the maturation-inducing hormone, 1-methyladenine. The major topographical change is the early and transient formation of prominent surface spikes. These structures arise due to the rapid, reversible polymerization of actin into stout bundles. Polymerization and subsequent depolymerization of cortical actin is monitored by epifluorescence microscopy of oocytes stained with NBD-phallacidin, a stain which is specific for polymerized actin. Based on scanning electron microscopy, spikes apparently utilize preexisting plasma membrane of microvilli, and plasma membrane is apparently lost when spikes collapse. Long after microvilli are eliminated due to spike formation, the number of microvilli is somewhat restored, especially around the animal pole where the polar body forms. A chronology of events observed during oocyte maturation is discussed with reference to the possible mechanisms and implications of polymerization and depolymerization of cortical actin. PMID- 6683687 TI - Half-lives and relative amounts of stored and polysomal ribosomes and poly(A) + RNA in mouse oocytes. AB - Growing mouse oocytes were labeled in vitro with [3H]uridine and chased for 2 or for 7 days to estimate the relative amounts of RNA appearing in different fractions and to follow their turnover. Oocytes were lysed and thoroughly dispersed in the presence of 1% DOC, and centrifuged on sucrose gradients to separate polysomes from smaller components not engaged in translation. After the short chase, one-third of the labeled ribosomes appeared in EDTA-sensitive polysomes. The proportion of ribosomes in both fractions remained stable during the long chase, demonstrating no net flow from one fraction to the other. When gradient fractions were analyzed by poly(U) Sepharose chromatography, it was found that about 20% of the labeled poly(A)+ RNA appeared in polysomes after the short chase. The half-lives of stored and translated mRNA were followed relative to stable rRNA during the long chase. Stored mRNA was completely stable, but translated mRNA turned over with a t1/2 of about 6 days. Other methods for separating stored from translated components were not successful, including sedimentation of putative large complexes (fibrillar lattices) containing stored components, or chromatography of lysates on oligo(dT)-cellulose. Results presented here combined with our previous results demonstrate that, during meiotic maturation, the percent of labeled stable RNA which is polyadenylated declines from 19 to 10%, suggesting deadenylation or degradation of half of the accumulated maternal mRNA. PMID- 6683688 TI - A map of the guinea pig sperm surface constructed with monoclonal antibodies. AB - The surface of mammalian sperm is known to exhibit regional heterogeneity. Using monoclonal antibodies, we have analyzed the nature of this regional variation at the molecular level. A map of the surface of guinea pig sperm has been constructed that defines a number of regions in which surface antigens are localized and analyzes the diversity of antigens found in each region. In an initial screening of 117 hybridoma antibodies to a sperm membrane preparation, a remarkable result was obtained: all the antibodies bound to a localized region of the cell. From the initial hybrid lines, we established a collection of 56 stable hybridomas producing antibodies to surface antigens. These antibodies detect antigens localized in five surface regions: anterior head (AH), posterior head (PH), whole head (WH), posterior tail (PT), and whole tail (WT). At least 12 distinct surface antigens are recognized that bind antibodies in one of the localized regions (five AH antigens, three PH, two WH, one PT, and one WT). Some of the recognized antigens have been identified as proteins, comprised of either one or several 125I-labeled polypeptides. The identified AH antigens have labeled polypeptides of molecular weights (Mr) 52,000 (52K); 70K, 62K, 46K, 25K, and 18K; 62K, 52K, and 38K; 16K; and 38K. Identified PH antigens have polypeptides of Mr 60K; 66K, 48K, and 41K; and 58K and 48K. Identified WH antigens have polypeptides of Mr 89K and 45K; and 42K. We conclude that the sperm cell can maintain contiguous membrane domains which have quite different compositions. Its surface is a mosaic consisting of multiple regions and each region can contain several localized antigens. PMID- 6683689 TI - Maternal effects and temperature-sensitive period of mutations affecting embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - We have used standard tests to investigate the nature of gene expression of a new set of temperature-sensitive mutants defining 30 emb genes (essential for embryogenesis) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The mode of gene expression as determined by progeny tests for parental effects divides the genes into four classes. For 18 genes maternal gene expression is necessary and sufficient for normal embryogenesis; for 2 genes zygotic expression is necessary and sufficient; for 7 genes either maternal or zygotic expression is sufficient; for 3 genes both maternal and zygotic expression are necessary. One mutant displayed partial paternal sufficiency. The results of temperature-shift experiments define two "execution stages," corresponding to the limits of the temperature-sensitive period (TSP), and indicate the nature and the time of action or synthesis of the gene products. Most of the maternally expressed genes have very early execution stages indicating translation before fertilization, but some are temperature sensitive late in embryogenesis. Early execution stages for 2 zygotically necessary genes demonstrate that the zygotic genome can be active in the earliest stages of embryogenesis. All taken together, the mode of gene expression, TSP, and arrest stage (terminal phenotype) allow us to classify functionally and begin to order the genes essential for embryogenesis. The results indicate a preeminent role for maternal genes and gene products in embryogenesis, in agreement with the results of others. PMID- 6683690 TI - [Echocardiographic study of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy localized in the free wall of the left ventricle]. AB - Previous studies have shown that the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy may involve the left ventricle free wall, without involving the intraventricular septum. We describe two young sisters who were suspected of having Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy because of their family history and because of abnormal electrocardiographic findings. M-mode echocardiography showed normal ventricular septal thickness, increased thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall, decreased diastolic posterior wall velocity, normal left ventricular outflow tract. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed that hypertrophy was limited to left ventricular free wall, especially to the lateral and anterior segments. Echocardiography can thus identify unusual forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6683691 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in 225 adult cases. Use of delayed action prednisone in chronic purpura]. PMID- 6683692 TI - [Effect of polyploidization on the anchorage-independent multiplication of transformed cells]. AB - Three nearhexaploid sublines were obtained from hypotriploid mouse L cells by means of colcemid treatment. When cultivated on solid substratum, all of them did not differ from the parental line either in doubling time or in cloning efficiency. The ability of polyploid cell variants to be initiated for proliferation in a semi-solid medium was equal to that of hypotriploid cells, while the average diameter of colonies formed by hexaploid cells in methyl cellulose turned out to be significantly smaller than the size of colonies of parental cells. The inhibition of growth in the semi-solid medium may reflect partial normalization of the transformed phenotype of polyploid L cells. PMID- 6683693 TI - [Genetic control of tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the mouse brain]. AB - Interstrain differences in tryptophan hydroxylase activity have been studied in the brain stem of 12 inbred strains of mice. The Mendelian analysis has been performed using BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice. The activity of tryptophan hydroxylase was shown to be controlled by a single gene having two alleles with additive effect. It was suggested that this gene controls either the structure of enzyme's molecule, or its amount in a nervous tissue. PMID- 6683694 TI - [Genetic research in the field of reproductive pathology and genetic prophylaxis in agricultural animals in the Socialist Republic of Romania]. AB - The paper presents the results of some genetic studies accomplished in Romania in the field of pathology of reproduction in domestic animals (pseudohermaphroditism in horses, testicular hypoplasia in he-goats, intersexuality in pigs, freemartinism and genital infantilism in cattle). Also, the use of the cytogenetic test in genetic prophylaxis in pigs and cattle was shown. In addition, the methods for detecting genitors with undesirable genes were devised and perspectives for the development of hereditary hygiene discussed. PMID- 6683695 TI - [Blood glucose in newborn infants, at term premature infants and infants with fetal growth retardation]. PMID- 6683696 TI - Tioconazole, a new broad-spectrum antifungal agent: preclinical studies related to vaginal candidiasis. PMID- 6683697 TI - Factor XI deficiency and a platelet defect. AB - A patient with a lifelong bleeding tendency of moderate severity was found to have both factor XI deficiency and a long bleeding time. There was a significant deficiency of platelet factor 3, but other parameters of platelet function were normal. Infusion studies showed that both fresh plasma and platelet concentrate were required for complete correction of the haemostatic abnormalities, suggesting that these two defects were inherited coincidentally. PMID- 6683698 TI - [Simultaneous recording of visual evoked potentials and ultrasonic responses to argon lasers from the visual cortex during argon photocoagulation]. PMID- 6683699 TI - [Clinical picture and adhesion after argon-laser coagulation in the rabbit eye]. PMID- 6683700 TI - [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitative determination of rheumatoid factor in uveitis]. PMID- 6683701 TI - [Initial experiences with endolaryngeal CO2-laser surgery in circumscribed laryngeal cancer]. AB - Minimal intraoperative bleeding, the advantage of precise cutting under microscopic control, and the near total absence of postoperative edema make the CO2-laser particularly suited for endolaryngeal surgery. Between October 1978 and July 1982, 22 patients with early carcinoma of the larynx (8 carcinoma in situ, 2 verrucous carcinoma, 12 T1 true vocal cord carcinoma) have undergone endolaryngeal resection with the CO2-laser at the ENT-Department of the University Hospital of Zurich. All patients were hospitalized for three to four days. None of them needed a tracheostomy. Follow-up ranges from three month to four years (average 17 months). So far there have been no recurrences. The quality of the postoperative voice varies from poor to fairly good, depending on the extent of the resection and on the amount of scarring. Compared to conventional chordectomy via laryngofissure, which necessitates tracheostomy, endolaryngeal laser-chordectomie is tolerated better and more cost-effective. Recurrences after endolaryngeal laser-chordectomy are still amenable to voice saving radiation therapy. PMID- 6683702 TI - Diurnal variation of cytosol estrogen receptors in the liver from adult male rats. AB - The adult male rats showed a diurnal variation for estrogen receptors in liver with the zenith at 08.00 h and the nadir at 12.00 h. Estradiol-17 beta showed the zenith at 04.00 h and the nadir at noon. Testosterone had the zenith at 16.00 h and the nadir at 20.00 h. Prolactin showed a circadian variation with higher levels during the light period. It is concluded, that there is a diurnal variation for the cytosolic estrogen receptors in the liver from adult male rats. PMID- 6683703 TI - Retinol does not affect cell growth in fibroblast cell cultures. AB - Retinol-free fetal calf serum for cell cultures was obtained by UV irradiation and by removal of retinol-binding protein (RBP) by gel-filtration. RBP from bovine serum was purified in a simple two-step procedure. This made it possible to replenish the culture medium with retinol in its physiological i.e. RBP-bound form. Retinol-free and retinol-containing medium was used to assay growth of 3T3 and L929 fibroblast cells. None of these cell lines showed a significant change in growth rate or saturation density that could be attributed to free or RBP bound retinol. PMID- 6683704 TI - Those enterprising SSOs. PMID- 6683705 TI - Morphologic anomalies in triploid liveborn fetuses. AB - Analysis of the morphologic features of 43 complete and 11 mosaic triploid infants delivered at or after 22 weeks of gestation revealed, in addition to well delineated gross features, a number of new or previously little emphasized histopathologic features. These included testicular Leydig cell hyperplasia, increased levels of hematopoiesis, and ovarian, adrenal, and pulmonary hypoplasia. Some of these findings appeared to be linked to partial hydatidiform mole replacing the normal placenta, which was present in about 70 per cent of the triploid cases. It is important to recognize the breadth of the triploidy spectrum, which ranges from near normalcy to multisystem involvement, and to pay special attention to the placenta. The importance of correct morphologic diagnosis of triploidy is stressed in view of the fact that its occurrence apparently does not prejudice the future reproductive performance of the parents. PMID- 6683706 TI - The distribution of chromosomal genotypes associated with Turner's syndrome: livebirth prevalence rates and evidence for diminished fetal mortality and severity in genotypes associated with structural X abnormalities or mosaicism. AB - The proportions of chromosomal genotypes associated with the Turner syndrome genotype (excluding those with a Y chromosome) in embryonic and fetal deaths, in fetuses diagnosed prenatally, and in living individuals were reviewed. The ratio of apparent non-mosaic 45,X to 45,X/46,XX mosaics was notably higher in a New York City series of embryonic and fetal deaths, 13.5 to 1, than in living individuals reported to the New York State Chromosome Registry, 3.6 to 1. The ratios of 45,X cases to those with 46,Xi(Xq) was 5.7 to 1 in living individuals, but was 112 to 0 in embryonic and fetal deaths, an even greater disparity, indicating the marked fetoprotective effect of more than one dose of some locus or loci on the long arm of the X chromosome. The results of review of data pertinent to the livebirth prevalence of the (apparent non-mosaic) 45,X genotype suggest a rate of about 5.7 per 100,000 livebirths (11.8 per 100,000 females) with 95% confidence limits of 2.6 per 100,000 to 10.8 per 100,000. The rate in fetuses diagnosed prenatally is 8/27,202, about 30 per 100,000. As a large proportion of these, perhaps 75%, would undergo spontaneous fetal death if not terminated electively, these figures are consistent with the direct estimate of livebirth rates. The rate of all those with X chromosome abnormalities (with a Y chromosome) associated with signs or symptoms that eventually lead to referral for cytogenetic study was estimated at a minimum of 10.7 per 100,000 livebirths, (22.2 per 100,000 females). PMID- 6683707 TI - Frequency of fragile X chromosomes, fra(X), in lymphocytes in relation to blood storage time and culture techniques. AB - The fra(X) frequencies in metaphases of lymphocytes from seven male patients with X-linked mental retardation and macroorchidism were scored after use of different culture techniques and different times of blood storage. No statistically significant differences were found between the fra(X) rates of lymphocytes grown either in folic acid deficient medium (TC 199) or in medium containing folic acid as well as a folic acid antagonist (methotrexate: MTX, aminopterine: AP). With respect to the effect of the time interval between blood sampling and culture set up, a statistically significant decrease in the fra(X) frequency was observed in all culture types after 4 or 7 days of blood storage. PMID- 6683708 TI - The metallothionein-I gene maps to mouse chromosome 8: implications for human Menkes' disease. AB - We have assigned the structural gene (Mt-1) coding for the murine metal-binding protein metallothionein I (MT-1) to mouse chromosome 8 by using a cloned DNA probe for mouse Mt-1 in combination with a panel of Chinese hamster-mouse somatic cell hybrid clones segregating mouse chromosomes. Analysis of hybrid cell extracts for the presence of mouse Mt-1 or MT-1 mRNA revealed concordant segregation of Mt-1 with mouse glutathione reductase, an enzyme marker for mouse chromosome 8, but discordant segregation with enzyme markers for 14 other mouse chromosomes. Karyotype analyses of seven informative hybrid clones confirmed the assignment of mouse Mt-1 to chromosome 8. Menkes' disease in man and the mottled mutation (Mo) in the mouse, which provides an animal model of Menkes' disease, are both X-linked degenerative neurologic disorders involving abnormal copper metabolism and increased levels of intracellular metallothionein protein. Fibroblasts from Mo male mice have increased amounts of MT-1 mRNA, suggesting that both Mo and Menkes' disease may be due to a metallothionein gene mutation. However, our assignment of Mt-1 to mouse chromosome 8, rather than the X chromosome, demonstrates that a mutation in mouse Mt-1 or a closely linked regulatory gene is not the primary defect in Mo, and implies that a metallothionein gene mutation is not the genetic defect in human Menkes' disease. PMID- 6683709 TI - Establishment and properties of a human choriocarcinoma cell line of ovarian origin. AB - A human nongestational choriocarcinoma cell line of ovarian origin (IMa) was established in vitro. This cell line had been subcultured serially more than 22 times over 18 months. Small polygonal cells with a prominent nucleus were dominant and a sparsity of cytoplasmic organelles was an ultrastructural characteristic of the IMa cells. The production and secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits were identified by radioimmunoassay. The IMa cells were transplantable in the hamster cheek pouch and the histological diagnosis was choriocarcinoma. A newly established ovarian choriocarcinoma cell line can be considered useful for clarifying the biological differences between nongestational and gestational choriocarcinoma cells. PMID- 6683710 TI - HLA studies in acute anterior uveitis in north India. PMID- 6683711 TI - Cytoreductive surgery in gynecologic malignancies. PMID- 6683713 TI - Correlation between electrical and echocardiographic data in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - We have studied 38 patients with clinical and echocardiographic evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We tried to correlate the electrical findings of hypertrophy in electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic tracings with the anatomical data supplied by M-mode echocardiography of septal and posterior wall thickness and left ventricular diameters. PMID- 6683712 TI - Effect of programmed diurnal temperature cycles on plasma thyroxine level, body temperature, and feed intake of Holstein dairy cows. PMID- 6683714 TI - Corneal endothelial cells in mono- and di-zygotic twins. AB - Noncontact specular microscopy was used to examine the corneal endothelia of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins in the age groups 25-34, 35-49, and 50 69 years. Endothelial photographs were analysed in respect of 100 individual cells from both eyes of 48 subjects. The mean cell areas in MZ twins showed a strong positive pairwise correlation (r (RE) = 0.727, r (LE) = 0.933), but there was no statistically significant pairwise correlation in DZ twins (r (RE) = 0.080, r (LE) = 0.167). Statistically significant pairwise correlations were also found when the lowest or highest deciles of cell areas in MZ twins were compared, but not when respectively compared in DZ twins. It would seem that environmental factors have little effect upon pleomorphism and increase in cell area with increasing age. The endothelial cell characteristics in normal individuals seem to be mainly determined by genetic factors. PMID- 6683715 TI - Effects of various combined oral contraceptives on sex steroids, gonadotropins and SHBG. PMID- 6683716 TI - The management of patients' psychological problems by their general practitioners. PMID- 6683717 TI - A twin study examining the genetic influence on food selection. AB - Taste sensitivity, preference and use of 24 foods were studied to identify the extent of genetic influence. Thirteen monozygotic (MZ) and ten dizygotic (DZ) adult, female twin-pairs of comparable family background participated in the research. Heritability was demonstrated for phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) sensitivity and was found in both preference and use for unsweetened grapefruit juice and green beans. In terms of preference and use separately, a heritability component was indicated in one-third and one-eighth of the foods respectively. Environmental adaptation and learning, unmeasured in the present study, would appear to exert a stronger influence than the genetic component on food-related behaviour. PMID- 6683718 TI - Effect of sleep state and hypercapnia on alae nasi and diaphragm EMGs in preterm infants. AB - A coordinated activation of upper airway and chest wall muscles may be crucial in maintaining airway patency and ventilation. The alae nasi (AN) and diaphragm (DIA) electromyograms (EMG) were recorded with surface electrodes in 17 unsedated healthy preterm infants during both active (AS) and quiet sleep (QS). Airflow was measured via a nasal mask pneumotachograph and integrated to obtain tidal volume. Studies were performed during inhalation of room air and mixtures of 2 and 4% CO2 in air. In room air, phasic AN EMG accompanied 45 +/- 7% of breaths during AS compared with 14 +/- 5% of breaths during QS (P less than 0.001); however, with inhalation of 4% CO2 the incidence of AN EMG increased to comparable levels in both sleep states. During room air breathing onset of AN EMG preceded that of the DIA EMG and inspiratory airflow by 41 +/- 8 ms (P less than 0.01) and 114 +/- 29 ms (P less than 0.05), respectively. Peak AN activity preceded peak DIA activity by 191 +/- 36 ms (P less than 0.01). Alteration in sleep state or increasing chemical drive did not significantly alter these temporal relationships. Nevertheless, with each increase in end-tidal CO2, peak DIA EMG and tidal volume increased while peak AN EMG only showed a consistent increase during 4% CO2 inhalation. We conclude that although there exists a mechanism that temporally coordinates AN and DIA activation, the amount of AN EMG activity with each breath is not clearly correlated with DIA activation, which may contribute to the high incidence of respiratory dysrhythmias in preterm neonates. PMID- 6683720 TI - Carbon catabolite regulation of the conversion of penicillin N into cephalosporin C. AB - Cephalosporin C biosynthesis by Cephalosporium acremonium was delayed until most glucose in the medium was used. Addition of increasing concentrations of glucose up to 55 g/liter decreased cephalosporin C biosynthesis but stimulated growth. Sequential formation of penicillin N (an intermediate in the cephalosporin C biosynthetic pathway) and cephalosporin C was found when the culture was developed synchronously. Little cephalosporin C formation was observed until most penicillin N had already been formed. The sequential formation of penicillin N and cephalosporin C was due to the sequential formation of the "penicillin N synthetase system" and the "cephalosporin C synthetase system". Cells grown in the presence of glucose showed an increased accumulation of penicillin N and clear reduction of the conversion of penicillin N to cephalosporin C. Resting cell studies indicated that the glucose effect was due to the repression of one or more of the enzymes converting penicillin N into cephalosporin C. Little inhibition by glucose of the activity of these enzymes, once formed, was observed. Glucose did not effect significantly the pool sizes of either precursor amino acids of cephalosporin (alpha-aminoadipic acid and valine) or methionine (an inducer of penicillin N and cephalosporin C biosynthesis). On the basis of these data it is suggested that glucose catabolism specifically represses the enzyme system converting penicillin N into cephalosporin C. PMID- 6683721 TI - Distribution and polarity of actin in inner ear supporting cells. AB - Actin is present in the supporting cells of the chinchilla cochlea. Actin filaments which decorate with myosin subfragment S1 are found in both inner and outer pillar cells and in the Deiters' cells which surround outer hair cells. The opposing polarities of the S1 decorated actin filaments suggest that the supporting cells may play an active role in the structural support of the organ of Corti. PMID- 6683719 TI - Narcolepsy in a horse. PMID- 6683723 TI - Nuclear bodies in the maturing egg cell of a fern, Pteridium aquilinum. AB - Nuclear bodies about 250 nm in diameter, and with a strong affinity for uranium and acriflavine, appear in the nuclei of maturing egg cells of Pteridium. Many enter well-defined evaginations of the nucleus. The nuclear bodies are almost wholly digested by Pronase, but are resistant to ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease. Radioactive labelling gives no evidence of the presence of nucleic acids, but X-ray microprobe analysis indicates phosphorus. It is concluded that the bodies consist entirely of acidic protein, possibly phosphorylated. This protein may be a structural component of the nucleus, temporarily displaced and aggregated as a consequence of the fine dispersal of the chromatin. PMID- 6683722 TI - Effects of buffers on ruminal rate of passage and degradation of soybean meal in steers. AB - Eight rumen-fistulated steers were randomly assigned to medium- and high concentrate diets supplemented with 0, .75, 2.5 and 5% of either sodium bicarbonate or an artificial saliva salts mixture. Each animal was fed for 21 d at 75 g dry matter/kg body weight . 75. Rates of soybean meal (SBM) degradation were predicted by adjusting digestion rates in nylon bags with respective passage rates of chromium-mordanted SBM particles. Measures of rumen fermentation were made during the incubation period. Liquid dilution rate was determined with 51Cr EDTA. The high-concentrate diet produced higher (P less than .05) liquid dilution rates than the medium-concentrate diet, but there were no differences in response to the two buffers (P greater than .05). The liquid dilution rates averaged across diets for 0, .75, 2.5 and 5% levels of buffer were 6.2, 6.3, 8.5 and 8.7%/h (SE = .03) and passage rates for SBM were 5.2, 5.2, 6.5 and 6.7%/h (SE = .025). The 2.5 and 5% levels of buffer increased the rate of disappearance of SBM from the nylon bags and buffers fed at these levels also increased rumen pH and NH3-N concentration. Rumen pH was correlated with N disappearance from the nylon bag (r = .903, P less than .05). Buffer levels did not affect degradation rates of SBM. PMID- 6683724 TI - Sex hormone-binding globulin changes with androgen replacement. AB - Since sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels are often elevated in sera of patients with testicular insufficiency, it is important to determine whether SHBG declines into the normal range and the extent of change in free testosterone (free T) after androgen administration. Five normal men and five patients with Klinefelter's syndrome were studied before and after the administration of testosterone enanthate (200 mg, im every 2 weeks). An additional five normal men and five patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) were treated with hCG (2000 U, three times a week). Three months after the administration of T or hCG, serum total and free T increased in both normal men and patients. Free T increased significantly in the Klinefelter's and HH patients from 94 +/- 20 and 14 +/- 5 pg/ml, respectively, to 271 +/- 50 and 276 +/- 41 pg/ml (P less than 0.01; P less than 0.001). The increase in the normal men treated with T or hCG was also significant (from 211 +/- 52 and 220 +/- 37 pg/ml to 390 +/- 83 and 330 +/- 90 pg/ml). SHBG fell in both the T-treated normal men (from 6.5 +/- 1.2 ng dihydrotestosterone bound/ml to 4.3 +/- 0.4; P less than 0.02) and the T-treated Klinefelter's patients (from 16.4 +/- 2 to 4.3 +/- 0.5; P less than 0.01). However, it was unchanged in the hCG-treated HH patients and rose in the hCG treated normal men (from 6.6 +/- 0.7 to 8.6 +/- 1.0; P less than 0.05). This study demonstrates that treatment of hypogonadal men with T and hCG in the doses used increased free T levels above the basal levels for normal men. However, the effects of the increase in free T, as determined by a change in SHBG, were different depending upon the type of treatment. PMID- 6683725 TI - Effect of hydroxyurea on neural tube defects in the curly-tail mouse. AB - Around 60% of curly-tail mice spontaneously develop neural tube defects (NTD), that is, exencephaly, and/or spina bifida (open lesions), or a curly tail (closed lesion), due to an incompletely penetrant recessive gene. Various doses of hydroxyurea, a teratogen to the rodent central nervous system, were administered to curly-tail mice on either day 8 or day 9 of pregnancy in an attempt to increase the number of NTD in the embryos. No dose used on either day achieved this. However, on day 8, the proportion of affected mice with open lesions increased from around 30% in control mice to 78% with 400 mg/kg hydroxyurea, and this was accounted for specifically by the production of exencephaly. When administered on day 9, 400, 500, and 600 mg/kg hydroxyurea (the latter two doses being lethal to embryos on day 8) actually reduced the incidence of total NTD, to around 30%. Among these affected mice, even though reduced in number, there was still a slight tendency for an increase in the number of exencephalics. Hydroxyurea also produced gastroschisis in a small percentage of embryos; the greatest incidence was 36% with 400 mg/kg on day 8. PMID- 6683726 TI - Transition in the thin-filament arrangement in rat skeletal muscle. AB - The transition in thin-filament arrangement from tetragonal near the Z-band to trigonal in the A-band was investigated by computer-assisted analysis of thin filament arrangement in serially cross-sectioned rat muscle. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast) muscle from adult rats and adult, 9-day and 3-day neonatal soleus (slow) muscle were serially cross-sectioned from the H-zone of one sarcomere to the H-zone of an adjacent sarcomere. Thin-filament arrangement was analysed throughout the I-band, and particularly at three levels of the sarcomere: in the I-band, one section (0.06 microns) from the Z-band; six sections (0.36 microns) from the Z-band; in the A-band, two sections from the A-I junction (0.72 microns from the Z-band). Data for radical distributions and annular distributions were obtained by computer. In all muscles studies, thin filament arrangement exhibited four-neighbour ordering throughout the I-band. Thin-filament arrangement exhibited three-neighbour ordering only in the A-band. The transition in thin-filament arrangement from four-neighbour to three neighbour ordering occurred within 0.12 microns of the A-I junction in muscles fixed at rest length. In adult soleus that had been stretched 20% so that the A-I junction moved away from the N2-line, the transition in thin-filament arrangement occurred in the I-band within a region 0.4-0.5 microns from the Z-band. This region corresponds to the N2-line region of the I-band. Thus, the transition from four-neighbour to three-neighbour ordering occurs in the I-band independent of the thin filament-thick filament interaction. We conclude that some inherent feature of the I-band or thin filament-thin filament interaction imposes a four neighbour ordering on thin filaments from the Z-band to the N2-line. PMID- 6683727 TI - Bromocriptine in the treatment of galactorrhea caused by haloperidol: a case study. PMID- 6683728 TI - The cerebellopontine system in the rat. II. Electron microscopic studies. AB - Cerebellopontine axonal boutons in the neuropil of the basilar pontine nuclei (BPN) were marked for ultrastructural identification by producing unilateral electrolytic lesions of the superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) as it exited from the cerebellum and before its decussation in the caudal midbrain. Three varieties of degenerating boutons were distinguished on the basis of size, type of degeneration, and postsynaptic locus. A relatively large variety of bouton (2.5 6.0 microns) that exhibited filamentous degeneration throughout the range of survival times employed (1-14 days) was the most frequently observed type of degenerating cerebellopontine bouton. Such boutons formed synaptic contacts with several small, dendritic, spinelike profiles as well as the shafts of intermediate or proximal dendrites. A second, far less numerous and somewhat smaller type of bouton (1.5-4.5 microns) was distinguished by the fact that it exhibited advanced dark degenerative changes after a 2-day survival period, formed multiple spine contacts (but not shafts), and was no longer apparent in the neuropil after a postlesion survival time of 6 days. The third variety of degenerating bouton was small (0.8-2.0 microns), exhibited dark degeneration with a 2-6 day survival period, contacted primarily shafts of small-diameter dendrites, and was observed more frequently than the larger dark boutons but less often than the large filamentous boutons. All three types of degenerating boutons contained round, clear, synaptic vesicles and formed only asymmetric synaptic active sites. It is suggested that the three types of degenerating axon terminals arise from at least three varieties of neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei. Further it is suggested that such boutons originate from cerebellar efferent axons which distribute in collateral fashion to the thalamus, red nucleus, and/or the inferior olive. PMID- 6683731 TI - Distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a two-dimensional echocardiographic study. AB - The distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy was assessed by M-mode and two dimensional echocardiography in 89 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Myocardial thickness was measured in the septum and the free and posterior wall in both the proximal and distal left ventricle. All patients had at least one myocardial region that was hypertrophied. The predominant pattern of hypertrophy was defined as symmetric (31%), asymmetric septal (55%) and distal ventricular (14%). The spectrum of wall thickness measurements between patients with symmetric hypertrophy was wide (1.5 to 4.5 cm) and was not related to age. In patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy, the distribution of hypertrophy conformed to previously described patterns; hypertrophy was localized to the anterior septum (14%) or the anterior and posterior septum (35%) or involved both the septum and the left ventricular free wall (51%). The patients with distal ventricular hypertrophy had marked papillary muscle thickening, and only 1 of 12 patients could be correctly diagnosed using M-mode echocardiography. The proportion of patients with symmetric and distal ventricular hypertrophy was greater than that reported when patients are selected on the basis of M-mode diagnostic criteria. This reflects the limitations of the M-mode technique in the assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy and suggests that the recognition and understanding of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have been biased by patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy who previously were most readily identified. PMID- 6683730 TI - Evaluation of bovine cervical mucus during estrous cycle by nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Bovine cervical mucus exhibited cyclical change of nuclear magnetic resonance properties in relation to stage of estrous cycle. The spectral lineshapes, as measured by asymmetry indices calculated for widths at 20 and 50% peak height, showed an abrupt change between early and midestrus. A second transition was at 6 to 15 days postestrus. The estrus-related change is postulated as reflecting primarily increase of water content of cervical mucus, whereas the postestrus transition appeared to be the consequence of decreased mucous hydration in concert with molecular changes of structure of mucous polymers. PMID- 6683729 TI - Reproductive traits of Holsteins and Jerseys. Effects of age, milk yield, and clinical abnormalities on involution of cervix and uterus, ovulation, estrous cycles, detection of estrus, conception rate, and days open. AB - Two hundred and twelve Holstein and Jersey cows were in a study to determine factors that affected reproductive traits. First ovulation occurred about 3 wk postpartum, and interval to first ovulation was greater in cows that had clinical abnormalities postpartum than in normal cows. Jerseys producing more milk ovulated sooner postpartum than lower producing herdmates. Involution of cervix and uterus occurred later postpartum in cows that had clinical problems postpartum. Involution of genital tract occurred later postpartum in older cows and sooner postpartum in cows that had higher milk yields. Duration of first postpartum estrous cycle was 4 days less than for second postpartum cycle. Percentages of estrous cycles detected by standing estrus were 43 and 73% for Holsteins and Jerseys. Estrous detection rates were highest for cows that produced slightly above the mean milk yield and did not differ between cows in highest and lowest milk production quartiles. First detected estrus and days to first insemination occurred later postpartum in Holsteins as milk yield deviation from herdmates increased, regardless of sign. In Jerseys, days to first insemination and days open increased linearly as milk yield increased. Days to first insemination and conception were greater in cows with postpartum clinical problems. Conception rate at first insemination postpartum increased in proportion to concentration of progesterone in blood samples collected during 12 days before first insemination. Overall, clinical problems at parturition and postpartum lowered reproductive performance in both breeds. There was a slight antagonism between milk yield and reproductive performance (days open) in Jerseys but not in Holsteins. PMID- 6683733 TI - The pathogenesis of Dupuytren's contracture: contractile mechanisms of the myofibroblasts. AB - The role of myofibroblasts in the pathogenesis of Dupuytren's contracture was investigated by light and electron microscopic histochemical methods. Dupuytren's myofibroblasts contain an intracellular contractile mechanism that is driven by the dephosphorylation of adenosine triphosphate. Our study of calcium adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activities verifies that the site of this energy system is on the myofilaments of the myofibroblasts. The degree of ATPase activity, as determined by cell counts, appeared to correlate with the residual contracture as predicted by the Legge and McFarlane Outcome Standard Formula. Further, alcian blue staining on the ultrastructural level indicates that the myofibroblasts are associated with each other and with surrounding collagen by a glycosaminoglycan matrix 300 to 1000 A thick. Collagen fibrils are attached by a similar matrix comprised of 100 A thick fibrils. The dynamic cellular architecture of the multiple adjacent myofibroblasts with their connections to surrounding collagen may be partially responsible for the residual clinical deformities seen in this disease. PMID- 6683732 TI - Possible role of sympathetic activity in abnormal behavior of rats induced by lesion of the sciatic nerve. AB - The role of genetic differences and environmental stress in the form of continuous exposure to cold in the production of abnormal behavior in rats was examined by subjecting the animals to unilateral sciatic nerve section. Some nerve-lesioned Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats responded to the cold by developing a state we termed stress-related pain behavior (SRPB). These animals also self mutilated the denervated limb (autotomized) more often than cold-exposed rats that did not develop SRPB. The role of genetic differences was studied by also subjecting Wistar-Kyoto (WK) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats to sciatic nerve section and cold. Both WK and SHR rats, which have a higher level of circulating catecholamines than SD rats, autotomized significantly less than SDs, and did not exhibit SRPB. The results suggest that differences in susceptibility to stress and genetic variability may be important factors in the development of abnormal and/or pain behaviors following peripheral nerve trauma. PMID- 6683734 TI - Congenital bilateral trigger digits in twins. PMID- 6683735 TI - Taenia crassiceps: ultrastructural observations on the oncosphere and associated structures. AB - Electron microscopic observations were made on unhatched eggs of Taenia crassiceps in utero. The outermost envelope consists of a thin, relatively smooth capsule over a highly convoluted outer envelope which contains a highly granulated cytoplasm and numerous mitochondria. The inner envelope, consisting of a thick embryophore and the cytoplasmic component of the embryophore cell, resembles that found in most other taeniids. Three epithelial layers separate the oncosphere from the embryophore. While these layers are narrow and difficult to distinguish, the 'oncospheral membrane' is distinct, darkly stained and relatively thick. The oncospheral hook lies within the oncoblast with its blade portion held by cytoplasmic folds within a modified 'sheath' in the 'basal epithelial layer'. Round, dense bodies are concentrated at the epithelial membranes around the 'sheaths'. Hook muscles insert on the basal lamina at the 'collar' region of the hooks. Penetration gland cells are packed with numerous dense disc-shaped secretory bodies. PMID- 6683736 TI - Severe spontaneous 'bovine' ketoacidosis in a lactating woman. PMID- 6683737 TI - Infantile salmonella gastroenteritis in association with maternal mastitis. PMID- 6683738 TI - [Vesicourethral physiology during continence and urination in cats. In vivo and in vitro studies]. AB - The mechanisms implicated in the opening of the bladder neck during voiding are still controversial. We present a study of the reflexes of bladder, urethra and periurethral striated muscles in the cat. The study in vivo shows that a passive muscle tonus of the urethra is able to maintain the continence. During voiding, opening of the bladder outlet is done actively: contraction of the longitudinal and relaxation of the circular muscle layers of the urethra associated with detrusor contraction. There is a local reflex between the urethra, bladder and periurethral striated muscles that completes emptying of the bladder with an interrupted stream. The study in vitro confirms that the 2 muscle layers of the urethra have different innervation: the parasympathomimetic agents act on the longitudinal layer and very weakly on the circular. Both layers react to adrenergic stimulation. PMID- 6683739 TI - [Experimental studies on amniotic fluid embolism]. AB - The circulatory state of the so-called experimental amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) was studied in 39 dogs. The repeated infusion of a large quantity of human amniotic fluid had not produced the symptoms of AFE. But the infusion of human meconium-stained amniotic fluid, meconium suspension, its supernatant or boiled meconium suspension, or canine bile had produced the various typical shock symptoms of AFE. In these cases the shock effects were especially strong in the infusion of meconium suspension and the meconium-stained amniotic fluid. In these shock symptoms, arterial pressure decreased quickly after the infusion. When sudden death was fortunately avoided, right ventricular pressure increased and increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were indicated. In most cases cardiac output decreased. Central venous pressure increased suddenly before death. These experiments suggested that the pulmonary vasoconstriction was produced by the chemical factors in the amniotic fluid and by vasoactive substances released from the embolized lung. It also seemed that this pulmonary vasoconstriction rather than mechanical obstruction of pulmonary arterioles was probably the major cause of the shock symptoms of AFE. PMID- 6683741 TI - The effects of ovarian hormones on regulation of energy balance in Zucker rats. AB - Congenitally obese Zucker rats showed greater food intake, less running in activity wheels and greater body weight and fat content than the normal phenotype. Their food intake, running and body weight did not change significantly with the phase of the oestrous cycle. Ovariectomy had no effect on these variables or on body composition. Oestradiol replacement had little effect. Zucker rats of normal weight, however, showed a normal pattern of responses to the oestrous cycle, ovariectomy and oestradiol administration. The central regulation of energy balance and body weight appear to be insensitive to oestrogens in the obese Zucker rat. PMID- 6683740 TI - [Continuous intra-arterial perfusion of prostaglandin E1 in inoperable stage-IV arteriopathies]. AB - Inoperable stage IV arteriopathies have been treated by intra-arterial PGE1 infusion since January 1978. Inoperability was established in all cases by angiography or by attempted exploration and angiography during operation. Strict criteria for therapy were applied with the result that treatment was administered to only 100 patients among 3,335 cases undergoing vascular surgery. Dosage was 0.1 to 0.2 ng of PGE1 per kilo of body weight and per minute, mean duration of treatment being 34 days. Of the 100 limb extremities probably requiring wide amputations, 47 were saved from immediate amputation, the majority of patients in whom amputation could not be avoided being diabetic. Follow-up in July 1982, 1 to 4 years after treatment, showed that 24 extremities were still intact. Best results were noted in patients with endangiitis obliterans, and long-term results no longer demonstrated differences in patients with or without diabetic arteriopathy. Intra-arterial therapy can be repeated if necessary. PMID- 6683742 TI - Estimation of melatonin in bovine plasma: patterns in Jersey heifers treated with cloprostenol at two times of day. AB - The estimation of melatonin in bovine plasma by radioimmunoassay is described and some aspects of specificity are discussed. Mean values for individual heifers ranged from 0.025 to 0.25 nmol/l during the day and were significantly (P less than 0.01) raised in each animal to mean values of 0.19 to 1.41 nmol/l at night. The hormonal changes after cloprostenol injections were not affected by the time of day at which the heifers were treated. PMID- 6683743 TI - Seasonal variations in oestradiol-17 beta and luteinizing hormone in the blood of buffalo cows (Bubalus bubalis). AB - Changes in the plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta and LH were measured in six buffaloes exhibiting regular oestrous cycles for one calendar year. Significantly higher concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta and LH were observed around oestrus during the cooler months than during the hotter months whereas no significant fluctuations were observed in the basal levels of either hormone throughout the year. PMID- 6683744 TI - Births and perinatal deaths in Australia: variations by day of week. AB - Analysis of births occurring in Australia during 1976-9 showed that they followed a seven-day cycle, being concentrated on Tuesdays to Fridays and least numerous on Sundays, which had 26% fewer births than expected. Stillbirth and neonatal death rates were 17% and 29% higher respectively among babies born at weekends than among those born on weekdays. The incidence of low birth weight was also significantly higher in the weekend group in New South Wales. The patterns seen in births and perinatal deaths are largely associated with the selective effects of intervention in delivery rather than with any variation in quality of care throughout the week. PMID- 6683745 TI - Reversal of developmental competence in inverted amphibian eggs. AB - Inverted amphibian embryos were employed for an analysis of pattern formation in early embryogenesis. Axolotl (Ambystoma) and Xenopus eggs were inverted prior to the first cleavage division and permitted to develop upside down to the early gastrulation stage. In both cases the cleavage patterns of the animal and vegetal hemispheres were reversed. By gastrulation, however, developmental arrest began, and no inverted embryos developed beyond neurulation. The state of competence of the animal and vegetal hemisphere cells of inverted embryos was examined in a series of tissue transplantation, usually into genetically marked (albino) hosts. In all cases the developmental competence of the original animal and vegetal hemisphere cells of inverted embryos had been reversed. For example, the egg's original vegetal hemisphere developed into various neural structures. Those observations should eventually be useful in formulating models to account for the manner in which various regions of the amphibian egg cytoplasm generate early embryonic patterns. PMID- 6683746 TI - Segregation of germline granules in early embryos of Caenorhabditis elegans: an electron microscopic analysis. AB - Using an improved fixation method for electron microscopy, we have found germline granules in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos shortly after fertilization and prior to the first cleavage. They are localized in the egg cytoplasm which becomes segregated into the posterior blastomere at the first cleavage. In the following divisions, the granules continue this pattern of asymmetric segregation and are ultimately segregated into the germline precursor cell. The granules are then symmetrically segregated into the germline cells. PMID- 6683748 TI - Prospective reimbursement and diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). PMID- 6683747 TI - Ethical decision making by family physicians. AB - One hundred thirty-one Illinois family physicians, 53 general practitioners, and 65 general internists responded to a survey on medical ethics. From these data emerged a profile of the family physicians and an identification of the ethical problems they encounter most frequently in their practice: (1) issues about contraception, (2) pain control, (3) telling the patient the truth, (4) sexual issues, (5) informed consent, (6) confidentiality, (7) controlling patients' behavior with medication, (8) sterilization, (9) professional etiquette, (10) patients' rights, and (11) peer review. PMID- 6683750 TI - A family with adult spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, X-linked inheritance and associated testicular failure. AB - A family with adult spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy with X-linked recessive inheritance (Kennedy's disease) is described. Affected members presented at age 20 with muscle cramps followed insidiously by gynaecomastia, partial loss of secondary sexual traits, loss of libido and inability to maintain an erection. Three had also testicular atrophy and severe oligospermia was found in two patients. Testicular biopsy in one case showed germinal failure with almost normal Leydig cells. Hormonal tests were suggestive of a primary testicular failure. Etiologic possibilities are considered. PMID- 6683749 TI - Antineurofilament antibodies in postencephalitic and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. AB - Autoantibodies to neurofilaments were found by the immunofluorescence technique in serum of patients with postencephalitic (von Economo's) and idiopathic Parkinson's disease in the same proportion as in age-matched neurological and non neurological controls. In addition, similar neurofibrillary staining was detected in age groups of 29 years and younger, but rarely in the first year of life. Persons over 70, with or without disease, showed a prevalence of antibodies significantly higher than in persons under 70. Serum from 1 case of Alzheimer's disease out of 4 tested, was positive for neurofilament antibodies; serum from the only case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease tested was negative. A total of 298 serum specimens, each from a different person, was tested. The use of cryostat frozen longitudinal sections of normal rat spinal cord as a substrate has been confirmed to be an effective, reproducible and simple procedure for the detection of antineurofilament antibodies in human sera by indirect immunofluorescence. PMID- 6683751 TI - Distortions of the nodes of Ranvier from axonal distension by filamentous masses in hexacarbon intoxication. AB - A study has been made of the structural changes of nodal and paranodal regions of the nodes of Ranvier of peripheral nerves of rats in which marked accumulations of neurofilaments have occurred within axons under the influence of 2,5 hexanediol over 10 weeks. The neurofilamentous masses caused distension of the axon at two points of apparent weakness as they attempted to slide through the axonal constriction at the nodes. Principally, a spiral axonal protrusion pushed into the zone of unattached myelin loops in the proximal paranodal spinous bracelet of Nageotte. This led to a conical widening of the paranodal constriction and considerable attenuation of the overlying myelin. No degeneration of the myelin occurred however. Alternatively, or additionally, a protrusion occurred of the axon at the nodal region which increased the nodal gap width and occasionally compressed and displaced the adjacent distal paranodal constriction which could have led to some obstruction of axoplasmic flow. Swelling of distal paranodal regions occurred later and was usually associated with proximal swelling. It was also accompanied by evidence suggesting transnodal passage of filamentous material. Sometimes, however, striking nodal constriction occurred in association with symmetrical paranodal swelling. These observations suggest that the spiral glial-axonal relationships at nodes of Ranvier are capable of marked deformation that might allow the intra-axonal neurofilamentous masses to move distally. These findings are discussed in relation to the structural features of the paranodal constrictions. PMID- 6683752 TI - Synthesis of no-carrier-added fluorine- 18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. AB - A new synthetic procedure for the preparation of fluorine- 18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy glucose has been developed. This procedure offers the advantages of flexibility in the source of the fluorine- 18, high yields, and short synthesis times. The procedure works at the no-carrier-added level and gives a product of very high specific activity. PMID- 6683753 TI - Periosteal changes secondary to prostaglandin administration. PMID- 6683754 TI - Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium contents of human milk during early lactation. AB - Early milk samples from 102 American mothers were examined for Ca, P, and Mg contents in relation to stage of lactation, intake of prenatal mineral supplements, maternal age, parity, and previous history of lactation. A total of 415 samples were collected at three stages of lactation: early transitional (4-7 days postpartum); transitional (10-14 days postpartum); and mature (30-45 days postpartum). No diurnal variations in element concentrations were observed in representative samples of late evening (PM) and early morning (AM) feedings collected during the transitional and mature stages. The mean concentrations for the major elements were highest in early transitional milk and in some cases decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) as lactation progressed. Ca, P, and Mg contents (means +/- SEM) were 26.3 +/- 0.6, 14.6 +/- 0.4, 5.3 +/- 0.1 mg/100 g in early transitional milk and 26.2 +/- 0.5, 13.3 +/- 0.3, and 5.0 +/- 0.1 in mature milk, respectively. Increasing uniformity in the elemental content of milk was noted among the mothers as lactation became established. No significant relationship was found between intake of dietary supplements containing Ca and Mg and levels of these elements in milk. Also, no significant correlations were found between maternal age, parity, or previous history of lactation and the elemental content of milk. From these data, it was estimated that fully breast fed infants would receive approximately 33, 18, and 6.5 mg/kg/day of Ca, P, and Mg, respectively, during the neonatal period. PMID- 6683755 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of soy protein-induced damage of small bowel mucosa in infants. AB - Observations are reported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of soy protein induced villous atrophy and mucosal recovery in two infants aged 5 weeks and 4 1/2 months. Whereas, by light microscopy, the mucosal lesions appeared similar, i.e., a flat mucosa, their appearance by SEM was different: the damage appeared more severe in the younger infant, although there was a shorter period of exposure to soy protein. The mucosal architecture was restudied 6 weeks after the initial biopsy. The degree of mucosal reconstruction was more advanced in the older infant--the one who showed less severe damage by SEM on the first biopsy. Although these investigations by SEM of damaged small bowel mucosa in soy protein intolerance did not contribute definite information to clarify the pathogenesis of villous atrophy in this condition, the injury was consistent with a lectin induced toxicity, similar to the one postulated for celiac disease. SEM seems eminently suited to study of the effect of interactions between environment and host at mucosal surfaces; and finer gradations of damage to small bowel mucosa can be determined better by SEM, while this is not possible by light microscopy. Of interest was the rather extensive colonization of the mucosal surface by microorganisms in one of the two patients. However, the contribution of microbial colonization to mucosal damage could not be assessed. PMID- 6683756 TI - Narcotic physical dependence and urinary sex-dependent low molecular weight proteins in male rats. AB - The relationship between urinary excretion of sex-dependent low molecular weight proteins (LMWP) in male rats and narcotic dependence is described in this study. Rats were intermittently infused with narcotics at one hour intervals through an implanted intravenous cannula. Development of physical dependence on morphine, pethidine, and pentazocine was detected by withdrawal signs including body weight loss and abnormal behaviors after naloxone challenge. In these animals, a significant decrease in urinary LMWP excretion was found following the second day of each drug treatment without significant changes in albumin excretion, and this decrease was observed continuously throughout the experiment. The markedly decreased level of LMWP recovered to the control level within 7 d after withdrawal of the drugs. These results suggest that the decrease in urinary excretion of sex-dependent LMWP in male rats is a phenomenon closely related to narcotic dependence. PMID- 6683757 TI - Topical vaginal drug delivery I: effect of the estrous cycle on vaginal membrane permeability and diffusivity of vidarabine in mice. AB - Preliminary studies showed that the vaginal membrane permeability coefficients for vidarabine (9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine) varied widely within a group of mice of the same species and age. This finding prompted an investigation of the influence of the female mouse sexual cycle on the vidarabine permeability. By means of a vaginal smear technique, the sexual cycle, which was approximately 5 days in duration, was divided into five phases. The vaginal membrane permeability of vidarabine was determined during each phase. The results revealed that the permeability coefficients for vidarabine during the diestrus phase (3 X 10(-6)-4 X 10(-5) cm/sec) were 10-100 times higher than those obtained at the early estrus or estrus phases (1-3 X 10(-7) cm/sec). Further permeation studies on membranes at early estrus and estrus were performed by separating the cornified layer from the noncornified portion of the membrane. The low permeability coefficient of vidarabine across the cornified layer (4 X 10(-7) cm/sec) suggests that this layer may be the major diffusion barrier for vidarabine when the drug is topically applied. Collectively, the data also suggest that during estrus a three layer diffusion model is appropriate, that during early diestrus a single-layer diffusion model may apply, and that during proestrus and postestrus the situations are intermediate and more complicated. PMID- 6683759 TI - Intrauterine death: an approach to the analysis of genetic heterogeneity. AB - A study of survival time of zygotes in utero and the relationship with parental phenotype of a series of genetic polymorphisms was carried out in 41 couples with habitual abortion. Variability of intrauterine survival time was found to be much higher between families than within families suggesting that several genetic entities contribute to the condition clinically defined as habitual abortion. Significant differences of survival time were found in relation to the length of the paternal Y chromosome and to the maternal phenotypes of PGM1 and Ss. These observations are in line with previous data suggesting intrauterine selection in these polymorphisms. Further studies of the timing of intrauterine death in relation to 'normal' genetic polymorphisms may help to clarify the aetiology of spontaneous fetal loss. PMID- 6683760 TI - Structure of the actin molecule determined from electron micrographs of crystalline actin sheets with a tentative alignment of the molecule in the actin filament. AB - Electron microscopy and image processing of negatively stained crystalline sheets induced from Acanthamoeba actin have been used to yield a three-dimensional reconstruction of the actin molecule, including data to a maximum resolution of 15 A. This model shows actin to be an asymmetric, wedge-shaped molecule. A three dimensional reconstruction of an averaged, polar actin filament from negatively stained polylysine-induced actin filament paracrystals has also been computed. We show two possible ways in which the wedge-shaped actin molecule from the sheets can be placed into such a filament reconstruction. In both, the major intermolecular contacts are formed on complementary surfaces of the actin subunit and follow the left-handed genetic helix of the filament, a feature also found in the filament reconstruction. PMID- 6683758 TI - Electrical properties of the costo-uterine muscle of the guinea-pig. AB - The spontaneous electrical and mechanical activity of the costo-uterine muscle of the guinea-pig are described. The spontaneous electrical activity, recorded intracellularly, is similar to that observed previously in longitudinal myometrium of rat (Marshall, 1959) and ionic substitution suggests that, though calcium may be the predominant ion carrying the current during the upstroke of the action potential, some influence of sodium cannot be ruled out. During dioestrus, when circulating progesterone levels are high, there is an increase in the resting membrane potential and a decrease in the frequency of electrical and mechanical activity. There is a two-fold decrease in the space constant (lambda) during dioestrus. At this time the membrane time constant (tau m) is also decreased. The diameter and length of the smooth muscle cells are smaller during dioestrus. However, the differences in cell diameter do not explain all of the differences observed in lambda at this time and it is suggested that there may be an increase in the resistance to current flow between cells. It is concluded that high circulating progesterone may bring about quiescence of target smooth muscle in two ways: by stabilizing the cell membrane and by restricting the spread of activity. PMID- 6683761 TI - Mitochondrial changes in rat Purkinje cells after prolonged alcohol consumption. A morphologic assessment. AB - The effects of chronic alcohol consumption on the mitochondria of Purkinje cells from the adult rat cerebellar cortex was examined with ultrastructural morphometric methods. Groups of controls and animals which were fed alcohol for periods of 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months were studied. Enlargement of the mitochondrial profiles was noted after one month of alcohol intake. The enlargement was significantly different in animals fed alcohol for 3 and 6 months when compared to controls. This alteration was no longer evident in the 12 and 18 months alcohol-fed groups, although by this time large numbers of ring-shaped mitochondria, occasionally filled by dense deposits, appeared in the Purkinje cell somas and in their apical dendrites. All these changes appeared regardless of variations in the number of these organelles per unit surface of cell cytoplasm. This data lends evidence that long-term exposure to ethanol, as has been shown to happen in the liver, induces marked structural mitochondrial alterations in the central nervous system. PMID- 6683762 TI - Intranuclear membranes (vesicles, lamellae, annulate lamellae) in oocytes of the ascidian, Styela partita. AB - Transmission electron microscope studies on developing oocytes of Styela partita that were preserved with a primary fixative of buffered glutaraldehyde and a secondary fixative of buffered osmium tetroxide have dealt with the origin, distribution, and associations of intranuclear annulate lamellae in both previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes. These studies (1) substantiate that, developmentally, intranuclear vesicles appear to precede differentiated intranuclear annulate lamellae although intranuclear vesicles and intranuclear annulate lamellae may coexist in the same nucleus (germinal vesicle), (2) substantiate an earlier demonstration that the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope forms blebs which could, after detachment, become intranuclear vesicles, (3) confirm that the pore-associated material of the pores in intranuclear annulate lamellae appears to be structurally identical to that of the pores in the nuclear envelope, (4) demonstrate that at certain times during oogenesis electron-dense material inside the nucleus, thought to represent nucleolar derived material, is continuous with the pore-associated material of pores in both intranuclear annulate lamellae and the nuclear envelope, (5) propose a function for intranuclear annulate lamellae that considers the pores to play a role in processing or assembling various RNA's and proteins to become cytoplasmic polyribosomes as has recently been suggested also for the pores in the nuclear envelope as well as pores in cytoplasmic or extranuclear annulate lamellae, and (6) provide additional evidence that intranuclear annulate lamellae are not remnants of the nuclear envelope persisting after mitosis as has been described to be the case in certain other cells. PMID- 6683763 TI - Breast-feeding and post partum amenorrhoea in Central Africa. 3. Milk production in an urban area. PMID- 6683766 TI - [Automatic drip infusion apparatus for retrograde urethrography]. PMID- 6683765 TI - [Pulmonary metastasis of choriocarcinoma]. AB - One hundred and sixty-five patients of choriocarcinoma were treated during the period from 1957 to 1979. Pulmonary metastases were found in 111 of the 165 patients. The authors found that surgical intervention for pulmonary metastasis was an extremely effective means for the patients who were not cured by chemotherapy and satisfied the criteria that we newly established for surgery. All patients satisfied the criteria achieved primary complete remission and their three years survival rate was 80%. The timing for surgery was also discussed and it was concluded that pulmonary surgery should be adopted when patient's urinary hCG values persisted at the level below 1000 iu/l for 70-80 days period. PMID- 6683764 TI - Ethyl alcohol enhances plasminogen activator secretion by endothelial cells. AB - Confluent cultures of cloned bovine endothelial cells, which were derived from large vessels, produced and secreted plasminogen activator (PA) at constant rates. Exposure of these cultures to increasing concentrations of ethyl alcohol resulted in a significant augmentation of PA production and secretion. This effect, which was observed after three hours and was maximal after 18 hours of incubation, was abolished by simultaneous exposure of the cultures to cycloheximide, indicating that active protein synthesis was necessary for the observed increase of PA activity. Other aliphatic alcohols such as propanol and butanol also significantly augmented PA production and secretion by endothelial cells, whereas acetaldehyde and acetylcoenzyme A, known metabolites of ethyl alcohol, had no stimulatory effect on protease secretion by the cells. Therefore, the alcohol itself rather than its metabolites was responsible for the enhancement of PA secretion by endothelial cells. These in vitro studies may explain the increased fibrinolytic activity found in the plasma of persons consuming moderate amounts of alcohol. PMID- 6683767 TI - Effects of propranolol on barbital dependence formation and withdrawal signs. AB - We studied the involvement of beta-adrenoceptors in the physical dependence formation of barbital. 1. Propranolol (at a dose of 0.5 or 1.0 mg/g food) and barbital were applied simultaneously as a mixture with animal food (barbital propranolol combination). Barbital was applied on a schedule of gradually increasing dosages from 0.5-and-1.0 to 6-and-8 mg/g food over 36 days. Only the animals dosed with barbital exhibited severe withdrawal signs such as spontaneous withdrawal convulsions. The animals dosed with propranolol alone showed no changes even on withdrawal of the drug. The formation of physical dependence on barbital was obviously inhibited by the combination of barbital and propranolol. 2. Cross-application of propranolol (30 and 60 mg/kg, p.o., and 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) following withdrawal of barbital resulted in the inhibition of the spontaneous withdrawal convulsions, muscle rigidity and hyperirritability. It also inhibited significantly tranylcypromine-induced convulsions, while it failed to inhibit similarly induced hyperthermia. These results including previous findings of effects of monoamine-related compounds on barbital withdrawal convulsions suggest that the balance of activities of noradrenergic neurons, especially that of alpha- and beta- receptors, has great influence on both the formation of physical dependence on barbital and the manifestation of withdrawal convulsions. PMID- 6683768 TI - Methamphetamine-induced behavioral effects and releases of brain catecholamines and brain concentrations of methamphetamine in mice. AB - The characteristic behavioral effect of methamphetamine (MA) at 2.5 mg/kg was enhanced locomotor activity which lasted over 2.5 hr. At 10.0 mg/kg MA, stereotyped behavior was predominant and lasted over 3 hr. The behavioral effect of 5.0 mg/kg MA was of the mixed type. MA at 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg lowered the brain NE level from 2 hr after drug treatment, while the accumulation of MHPG-SO4 was increased over 2 hr at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg MA. The accumulation of HVA was significantly increased at 10.0 mg/kg MA over 3 hr. Accordingly, the behavioral effects of MA at the earlier period were compatible with the biochemical effects of MA. The behavioral effects during the 2- to 4-hr period, however, seem to be unrelated to the actions on brain catecholamines. Measurement of brain MA concentrations revealed that approx. 2 micrograms/g in the brain may be necessary to produce enhanced locomotor activity and the increased accumulation of brain MHPG-SO4. It appeared that approx. 8 to 9 micrograms/g MA in the brain was required to produce characteristic stereotyped behavior and the increased accumulation of HVA. Therefore, the behavioral and biochemical effects of MA were correlated with the brain MA concentrations. PMID- 6683770 TI - [Effect of microwave radiation on the visual system in the light of our experimental studies]. PMID- 6683769 TI - Does low urinary sIgA predispose to urinary tract infection? AB - Median urinary secretory IgA (sIgA) (ELISA technique in unprocessed urine) was 1.36 mg/liter (range, 0.29 to 2.31) in healthy female controls at various times of the menstrual cycle. It was significantly lower in women with urinary tract infection (UTI) without antibody-coated bacteria. Such decrease was found both in women with acute UTI episodes (median, 0.16; range, 0.06 to 1.71) and in asymptomatic nonbacteriuric women with a history of UTI (median, 0.52; range, 0.05 to 2.13). In the latter women, sIgA in nasal secretions tended to be low, but salivary sIgA was unchanged. Urinary sIgA was elevated significantly in individuals with nephrostomy and antibody-coated bacteria (14.4 mg/liter, range, 3.6 to 20). The study showed that locally synthesized sIgA immunoglobulins were low in the urine of individuals with recurrent UTI independent of the presence or absence of bacteriuria at the time of the study. UTI per se did not interfere with sIgA secretion as shown by high sIgA in patients with upper UTI. Low urinary sIgA may represent one factor predisposing to recurrent UTI. PMID- 6683772 TI - On the mechanisms of cytokinesis in animal cells. AB - We present a model that attempts to explain some aspects of cytokinesis in animal cells. We propose two separate phases of cytokinesis. The first is not dependent on the presence of the mitotic apparatus and involves a general activation of cortical contractile elements resulting in the development of a surface tension. In the second phase the asters of the mitotic apparatus interact and modulate the activities of the tension generating elements in the cortex to produce gradients of surface tension with the highest values being at the equator. Tension generating elements are assumed to be free to move in the plane of the cortex so that they will consequently move up the gradient of tension and accumulate as an equatorial belt of oriented elements i.e. the contractile ring. The model was simulated on a computer and is capable of reproducing some of the wide variety of cleavage configurations that are observed. PMID- 6683771 TI - [The iodine 131-hippurate clearance for the determination of the nephrotoxic effect of cis-dichlorodiamino-platin (II) (cis-platin, cis-DDP)]. AB - In 25 patients, who received repeated doses of cis-DDP, we determined iodo-131 hippurate-clearance, creatinine clearance and serum creatinine to assess the nephrotoxic effect induced by cis-DDP. A highly significant decrease in the iodo 131-hippurate-clearance was found between the first and the following cycles. There was no significant change in serum creatinine and creatinine clearance however. The radio-hippurate-clearance showed a clinically not important reduction during several cytotoxic courses in 15/25 patients (60%). A clinically relevant impairment of the radio-hippurate-clearance occurred in 8/25 patients (32%), mainly before the third and fifth cytotoxic cycle. In two patients this clearance did not alter or was even rising. In 12 cases a diminuation of the iodo 131-hippurate-clearance was observed, which in only 5 cases correlated to a decreased creatinine clearance and in only two cases to an elevated serum creatinine. Therefore, we consider neither creatinine nor creatinine clearance nor the combination of both parameters to be appropriate to assess tubular nephropathy induced by cis-DDP. Radio-hippurate-clearance should play a superior role deciding on treatment stop or dose reduction of cis-DDP. The regression of cis-DDP-induced nephropathy was not evaluated. PMID- 6683773 TI - [The importance of controlling the side effects of antineoplastic therapy with cisplatin]. PMID- 6683774 TI - Re: "Myringotomy and ventilation tubes". PMID- 6683775 TI - [Perinatal mortality. Analytical study of 713 consecutive autopsies]. PMID- 6683776 TI - [Neonatal systolic arterial pressure in the 1st 24 hrs. of life]. PMID- 6683777 TI - [Low weight at birth in cystic fibrosis and its relationship to insufficiency of the exocrine pancreas]. PMID- 6683778 TI - Induction of plasma protein secretion in a newly established human hepatoma cell line. AB - To study the expression and the regulation of hepatocyte markers, we have undertaken to establish human hepatoma cell lines of various phenotypes. We now report the establishment of a new human hepatoma cell line, HA22T/VGH. This cell line has many of the properties of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Only 5 of 15 plasma proteins investigated were detected in the medium of a 10-day-old HA22T/VGH culture. However, when the HA22T/VGH cells and a clonal derivative, C5, were cultured in an aggregated form, all 15 plasma proteins were found in the culture medium. These results indicate that hepatoma cell lines with different phenotypes can be established, and they provide a good experimental framework to investigate differentiation of human hepatocytes. PMID- 6683780 TI - [Fatty acid composition of mother's milk. Gas chromatography analysis during a 90 day lactation period]. PMID- 6683781 TI - Biological effects of incorporation of O6-methyldeoxyguanosine into Chinese hamster V79 cells. AB - Analysis of the biological effects of specific DNA alkylations by simple alkylating agents is complicated by the variety of sites involved. It is, therefore, of value to be able to incorporate into cellular DNA nucleosides alkylated in a single position, e.g., O6-methyldeoxyguanosine. Such cellular incorporation is particularly difficult to achieve because this nucleoside is rapidly demethylated by adenosine deaminase. We have attempted to achieve such incorporation into the DNA of V79 cells by using coformycin, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, and by forcing the cells to depend on exogenous purines by the use of medium containing aminopterin. The DNA of V79 cells exposed to O6 methyl-[8-3H]deoxyguanosine (2.4 microM, sp. act. 14500 Ci/mole) showed an incorporation level of 4 X 10(-8) nucleotides. When 1000-fold higher concentrations were employed (3-15 mM, sp. act. 1.6 Ci/mole), significant cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA synthesis was observed. However, because it was not economically feasible to administer high specific activity O6 methyldeoxyguanosine to the cells at these concentrations, we could not determine the amount of labeled nucleoside incorporated into DNA. Examination of the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant cells in these treated populations showed no significant increase above the background level. Comparison of the cytotoxic effect of O6-methyldeoxyguanosine with deoxyadenosine showed that the toxicity induced by O6-methyldeoxyguanosine could have resulted from mimicry of deoxyadenosine, rather than by incorporation of the alkylated nucleoside itself. PMID- 6683782 TI - Double Y as an indicator in a test of mitotic nondisjunction in cultured human lymphocytes. AB - A cytological test for the detection of non-disjunction in human cultured lymphocytes has been developed. The Y chromosome was used as a marker, because this chromosome is easily identifiable in mitosis after staining with quinacrine dihydrochloride without karyotyping. Non-disjunction can be directly revealed by scoring mitoses with two Ys. The test was applied to agents known for their ability to induce numerical and/or structural changes in chromosomes, namely benomyl, colcemid, distamycin A, mitomycin C and X-rays. In treated lymphocytes, increased frequencies of YY mitoses were found, ranging from 2.5 X 10(-4) to 61.2 X 10(-4) (control value less than or equal to 1.1 X 10(-4). The results suggest that the detection of fluorescent Y chromosomes on metaphases is suitable for determining induced non-disjunction in human cultured cells. PMID- 6683779 TI - Effect of the extracellular matrix on plasminogen activator isozyme activities of human mammary epithelial cells in culture. AB - Multiple molecular forms of plasminogen activator were detected in normal human mammary epithelial cells in culture. Cells derived from (normal) breast mammoplasty specimens and grown on the surface of collagen gels exhibited three major classes of plasminogen activator isozymes (Mr = 100,000 [100K], 75,000 [75K], and 55,000 [55K]). The activity of the 100K and 75K isozymes was greatly reduced when the cells were grown on conventional tissue-culture-grade plastic surfaces. MCF-7, a human mammary carcinoma cell line, exhibited predominantly or exclusively the 55K isozyme, irrespective of the cell growth substratum. The activity of the 55K isozyme was more than twofold higher for MCF-7 cells grown on collagen gels than for cells grown on plastic. Progesterone, diethylstilbestrol, and estrogen stimulated the activity of the 55K isozyme of MCF-7 cells, but only when the cells were grown on a plastic surface. The plasminogen activator activities of the normal human mammary epithelial cells were not stimulated by these hormones, irrespective of the growth substratum. These results show that the expression of plasminogen activator isozymes by human mammary epithelial cells is subject to modulation by the extracellular matrix. Normal and malignant cells may differ in their responsiveness to these effects. PMID- 6683783 TI - Characterization of antigens on mosquito midgut stages of Plasmodium gallinaceum. I. Zygote surface antigens. AB - We have defined the surface protein antigens on Plasmodium gallinaceum zygotes using radioiodination methods and rabbit anti-zygote serum which blocks transmission of the parasite to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Fifteen protein bands (1-15) in the molecular weight range of 40 000-240 000 and one band at the bromophenol blue dye marker were labelled by the lactoperoxidase and IODOGEN (1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3 alpha,6 alpha-diphenylglycoluril) methods. The localization of these radioiodinated components on the cell surface was confirmed in two ways: (1) They were completely degraded by trypsin or Streptomyces griseus protease treatment of intact viable zygotes. (2) They were immunoprecipitated following incubation of intact zygotes with antibody prior to detergent solubilization. Reactivity with immune rabbit serum demonstrated that the major surface immunogens were components with Mr 240 000, 200 000, 180 000, 80 000, 55 000, 50 000 and the band at the dye marker. A band of Mr 180 000 was shown immunologically to be a host serum protein selectively adsorbed to the zygote surface. The identity of this protein and the significance of its adsorption to the surface of the zygote are unknown. PMID- 6683784 TI - Immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Use of a 125I-labeled antihuman IgG monoclonal antibody to quantify platelet-bound IgG. AB - We used a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody to the Fc portion of human IgG to measure platelet-bound IgG in 54 thrombocytopenic patients and in 48 normal controls. The control group had a mean (+/- 1 S.D.) of 169 +/- 79 IgG molecules bound per platelet--10 to 100 times lower than values generally reported with other assay techniques. Sixteen of 17 patients with untreated thrombocytopenic purpura considered to be of immune origin had values ranging from 790 to 13,095- levels well above those found in normal subjects and in patients with "nonimmune" thrombocytopenia (246 +/- 156). In a second group, consisting of 11 patients with "immune" thrombocytopenic purpura who did not respond to conventional therapy (corticosteroids or splenectomy), the values were quite divergent: two patients had levels in the normal range, three had levels in the range of subjects with nonimmune thrombocytopenia, and six had much higher levels. Measurement of platelet-bound IgG with this monoclonal-antibody technique can help differentiate between immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenias. Low platelet counts in patients who have immune thrombocytopenia according to clinical criteria but are resistant to therapy may be related to factors other than IgG antibody. PMID- 6683785 TI - In search of a platelet Coombs test. PMID- 6683786 TI - Disruption of microfilament organization after injection of F-actin capping proteins into living tissue culture cells. AB - Capping proteins are F-actin binding proteins which interfere with the in vitro growth of an actin filament by blocking one of its ends (for recent reviews see refs 1-3). The majority of such proteins described so far "cap' the fast-growing (positive) end of the polar filament, thus reducing the velocity of filament growth while increasing the number of filaments being formed de novo from a monomer pool. We have studied the effects of capping proteins on the organization of actin filaments in living tissue culture cells by microinjection in conjunction with fluorescence, reflection contrast and electron microscopy. Our results, reported here, indicate that capping proteins from different sources disrupt microfilament bundles in a variety of cell types causing their disintegration from the distal end towards the centre of the cell. PMID- 6683787 TI - Tissue rejection: the price of sexual acceptance? PMID- 6683789 TI - Head-dipping behaviors in rats exposed to alcohol prenatally as a function of age at testing. AB - While some studies suggest that the behavioral effects of prenatal alcohol exposure diminish as the animal matures, others are indicative of a persistent deficit. The present study further examined this issue using the rat as an animal model and exploratory behavior as the dependent measure. Using a pair-feeding procedure, pregnant Long-Evans rats were fed isocaloric liquid diets containing either 35% or 0% ethanol derived calories (EDC) during Days 6-20 of gestation. A third group received lab chow ad lib. At 25, 60, or 95 days of age, female offspring were tested in a hold-board apparatus mounted on a stabilimeter for a single 50 minute session. The results demonstrated that prenatal alcohol exposure facilitated exploration at all ages tested. The 35% EDC offspring dipped significantly more frequently and made more transitions between holes than controls. General activity levels did not differ between the 35% EDC and 0% EDC groups. PMID- 6683790 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of the bioelectrical activity of the brain and blood serotonin level in patients with migraine]. AB - Investigations of biological rhythms were done in migraine relating the results to certain neurochemical and electroencephalographic studies. The obtained results demonstrated evident individual fluctuations of blood serotonin level in patients with migraine and in control groups. Correlations and connections were demonstrated between the blood serotonin level and EEG pattern and type of migraine. This suggests that the pathomechanism of migrainous headaches may be not homogenous. PMID- 6683791 TI - [Familial incidences of hemangioblastoma of the cerebellum]. PMID- 6683788 TI - Familial incidence of twinning. AB - The frequency of twinning among women who have already borne twins, the 'repeat frequency', is significantly higher than in the general population. Individual propensity is not necessarily genetic in origin, but pedigree studies (for reviews see refs 1, 2) confirm that twinning is a family trait. Studies based on archives restrict this conclusion to dizygotic (DZ) twinning and the maternal side, while studies based on interviews of relatives of twins find monozygotic (MZ) twinning and the paternal side also to be involved. However, interview studies can overestimate, while archive studies can underestimate, the real frequency of twinning. We have now analysed the incidence of twinning in the families of 950 zygosity-determined, unselected twin pairs under complete ascertainment. Our results indicate that a propensity to MZ twinning, as well as one to DZ twinning, can be inherited through the maternal line, and that the two mechanisms of twinning might be related. We have also found a paternal role in DZ, but not in MZ twinning. PMID- 6683792 TI - The effects of estrogen on apomorphine-induced hypothermia and stereotypy in the rat. AB - The effects of various doses of estrogen on apomorphine (Apo)-induced hypothermia and stereotypy were investigated in ovariectomized rats. Daily administration of estradiol (5, 15 or 100 micrograms/kg) for 4 days or estradiol (100 micrograms/kg) for 3 days, followed by 4 and 72 hr withdrawal periods respectively, had no effect on apomorphine-induced hypothermia or stereotypy in a cold (4 degrees C) environment, although both effects were blocked by haloperidol. Large doses of estradiol (100 micrograms/kg) given for 3 days, followed by either 24 or 72 hr withdrawal, slightly attenuated apomorphine induced stereotypy at 22 degrees C. Stereotypy observed at 22 degrees C was of greater magnitude than that seen at 4 degrees C. The results indicate that although high, non-physiological levels of estrogen may attenuate striatal dependent stereotypies, this hormone has no detectable influence on dopaminergic mechanisms in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic regions that are thought to mediate apomorphine-induced hypothermia. PMID- 6683793 TI - Influence of chronic ethanol consumption on muscarinic cholinergic receptors and their linkage to phospholipid metabolism in mouse synaptosomes. AB - C57/BL mice rendered physically dependent to ethanol exhibited an increase in specific binding of [3H]QNB to a cholinergically enriched synaptosomal fraction of brain without a parallel increase in muscarinic receptor-stimulated incorporation of [32P] into phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid. Receptor enhanced phospholipid labeling was reduced by the addition of ethanol (100mM) in vitro. In chronically treated mice, tolerance developed to the inhibitory effects of ethanol on receptor-enhanced phospholipid labeling. It is suggested that the inhibition of this response by ethanol added in vitro may be associated with alterations in neuronal function during alcohol intoxication. PMID- 6683795 TI - The 20/20 eye in multiple sclerosis. AB - Using clinical and electrophysiologic measures, we evaluated the visual pathway of patients who had multiple sclerosis, 20/20 Snellen acuity, and no history of optic neuritis. Delayed latencies were found in the transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) of 38% of the patients, and interocular latency differences were abnormal in 67%. Contrast VEPs were abnormal in 46%. Psychophysical determinations of contrast sensitivity were abnormal in 78%. Only 17% of the patients had dyschromatopsia, 36% had afferent pupillary abnormalities, and 59% had optic nerve pallor or nerve fiber layer loss. Psychophysical contrast evaluations and VEP studies were superior to other clinical evaluations in demonstrating visual dysfunction in these patients. PMID- 6683794 TI - Intracerebral growth of a human glioma tumor line in athymic mice and treatment with procarbazine, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, aziridinylbenzoquinone, and cis-platinum. AB - Tumors derived from the established human glioma cell line D-54 MG were transplanted intracerebrally into athymic "nude" mice. All control mice developed tumors in the brain after the transplantation of 10(5) cells and died within 30 days. Tumor was purely intracerebral in the presymptomatic stages, including the time of drug treatment. The injection of serial cell dilutions reduced the tumor incidence and prolonged survival. Procarbazine (PCB), 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea, diaziquone (aziridinylbenzoquinone), and cis-platinum each produced statistically significant increases in survival when administered on Day 10 after transplantation, and PCB alone cured most of the animals. These results extend the characterization of the human glioma line D-54 MG and confirm the value of the athymic mouse for the testing of chemotherapeutic agents of interest in brain tumor therapy. PMID- 6683796 TI - Muscle carnitine deficiency: fatty acid metabolism in cultured fibroblasts and muscle cells. AB - L-carnitine, as little as 25nM, greatly increased oxidation of palmitate by carnitine-depleted cultured human skin fibroblasts from normal subjects, and from two patients with muscle carnitine deficiency. Carnitine stimulated oxidation of labeled palmitate by cultured muscle cells from rat, normal humans, or patients with muscle carnitine deficiency. Carnitine reduced incorporation of palmitate into glycerides in normal fibroblasts, and it may thereby counteract cellular accumulation of glycerides in cells. Fibroblasts from patients with muscle carnitine deficiency took up labeled carnitine at a normal rate. Dexamethasone increased palmitate oxidation by normal human fibroblasts and muscle cells of rat, and normal and muscle carnitine-deficient humans. The results parallel the reported effectiveness of carnitine, glucocorticoids, or medium-chain triglycerides in treatment of these patients. PMID- 6683797 TI - Radionuclide cerebral perfusion scintigraphy in determination of brain death in children. AB - We evaluated a radionuclide scintigraphic technique for imaging relative cerebral perfusion in 18 children who had no evidence of cortical and brainstem function. Patients without scintigraphic evidence of cerebral perfusion all later met criteria for diagnosis of brain death. Patients who failed to satisfy brain-death criteria had persistent scintigraphic evidence of cerebral perfusion. Seven patients with normal scintigraphic studies were being treated with barbiturates and hypothermia at levels that attenuated or completely suppressed EEG activity. Four patients without scintigraphic evidence of cerebral perfusion had mean arterial pressures (MAP) higher than (54.8 +/- 7.6 torr) intracranial pressures (ICP) at the time of scintigraphic study, suggesting that ICP in excess of MAP is not the sole explanation for the absence of cerebral perfusion. Radionuclide cerebral perfusion scintigraphy (RCPS) is a rapid, portable, accurate test that appears to be useful in the diagnosis of brain death in the pediatric population. PMID- 6683798 TI - End-plate spikes in electromyography are fusimotor unit potentials. AB - Spontaneous negative-positive potentials (NPPs) in electromyography were often activated by movement of the needle electrode or by tetanic stimulation. Coactivation of NPPs was sometimes observed in voluntary effort. Circulatory arrest or hyperventilation had no consistent effect. These facts and the differences of firing of NPPs from usual ectopic firing patterns indicate that NPPs are not driven by ectopic activity of motor axons. Instead, the firing of NPPs is similar to activity of muscle spindle afferents during fusimotor drive. We believe that NPPs are action potentials of intrafusal muscle fibers driven by gamma motor neurons. PMID- 6683799 TI - Capsular stroke as a cause of hemiplegia in infancy. AB - Small, deep lesions of the internal capsule are an uncommon cause of infantile hemiplegia. We report the clinical and radiographic findings of three children with hemiplegia with capsular lesions. Although the etiology of capsular stroke in these children remains uncertain, neither hypertension, coagulopathy, nor vascular malformation was an important factor. PMID- 6683800 TI - Syringobulbia-myelia with obstructive sleep apnea. AB - Central nervous system disorders may cause obstructive sleep apnea, but this sleep-related breathing disorder is rarely associated with a structural abnormality of the medulla. We present a patient with obstructive apnea resulting from autopsy-proven syringobulbia-myelia. PMID- 6683801 TI - Histochemical study of rectal aminergic nerves in type I familial amyloid polyneuropathy. AB - We found degeneration of aminergic nerves in nine patients with type I familial amyloid polyneuropathy by histochemical study of rectal mucosa obtained by biopsy. There was prominent degeneration of aminergic nerves in four patients with uncontrollable alternating constipation and diarrhea, but aminergic nerves were relatively preserved in two patients with intermittent constipation or diarrhea. Sympathetic denervation of the gastrointestinal tract was probably important in causing bowel symptoms. PMID- 6683802 TI - Seizures due to central nervous system rheumatoid meningovasculitis. AB - A patient with rheumatoid arthritis and seizures had rheumatoid meningovasculitis on brain biopsy. Infection was excluded as a cause of the seizures and cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, which resolved with corticosteroids and azathioprine therapy. PMID- 6683803 TI - Chronic sensory and autonomic neuropathy. AB - A man with sensory neuropathy had evidence of autonomic failure: abnormal pupils, hypohidrosis, esophageal dilation, diarrhea, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, sphincter disturbance, and impotence. Functional tests revealed abnormalities of both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, mainly postganglionic. Autopsy revealed degeneration of posterior columns, posterior nerve roots, posterior root ganglia, and peripheral nerves. Degeneration was also observed in the sympathetic trunk, vagal nerve, and myenteric plexus. Neurons in the intermediolateral columns were preserved. Progressive sensory neuropathy with dysautonomia seems to be a new disease. PMID- 6683804 TI - Nonketotic hyperglycinemia in two retarded adults: a mild form of infantile nonketotic hyperglycinemia. AB - Two mentally retarded adults with nonketotic hyperglycinemia had biochemical findings similar to those of the infantile form of the disease. Our patients differ from other adult patients and may represent the survival to adulthood of individuals with a mild form of infantile nonketotic hyperglycinemia. PMID- 6683805 TI - Xanthogranuloma of the dura in systemic Weber-Christian disease. AB - A 51-year-old woman who had systemic Weber-Christian disease (WCD) displayed multiple xanthomatous lesions and a large xanthogranuloma of the tentorium cerebelli with signs of brainstem and cerebellar compression. Three other cases of dural xanthomatous lesions associated with systemic WCD have been reported. These dural and leptomeningeal xanthomatous lesions in WCD, a nonsuppurative inflammatory condition, are similar to those of Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, a quasi-neoplastic process. PMID- 6683806 TI - Early abnormalities of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in Friedreich's ataxia: evidence of primary brainstem dysfunction. AB - We studied five children with classic Friedreich's ataxia, using an audiologic test battery to determine the primary site of auditory dysfunction. None of the children had any hearing complaints, and all were tested soon after onset of symptoms. The audiologic test battery consisted of brainstem auditory evoked potential test, tympanometry, and acoustic reflex measurements. The results indicated that the brainstem was the primary site of auditory dysfunction. PMID- 6683807 TI - Alcoholism in essential tremor. AB - In a prospective study, the prevalence of pathologic drinking in essential tremor did not differ significantly from other tremor disorders or chronic neurologic diseases without tremor. Parkinsonian patients had a significantly lower prevalence of alcohol use. These data suggest that patients with essential tremor are not at higher risk of chronic alcoholism than other patients with neurologic disease. PMID- 6683808 TI - Carotid occlusion in cysticercosis. AB - A man without orthostatic hypotension had transient ischemic attacks that were initiated by upright posture. CT showed a cystic mass in the interhemispheric fissure and basilar cisterns. Cerebral angiography demonstrated supraclinoid occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. At frontal craniotomy, cysticercosis cysts were found adherent to a pulseless right internal carotid artery. This is the first antemortem documentation of a large artery occlusion directly related to Cysticercosis racemosus. PMID- 6683809 TI - Transient thalamic hypodensity in lupus erythematosus with generalized seizures. AB - Computerized tomography revealed extensive bilateral hypodensity of the thalamus after an episode of severe arterial hypertension and convulsions in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Radiologic and neurologic abnormalities were substantially resolved 1 week later. The unusual radiologic findings are discussed in relation to possible unique characteristics of vascular permeability in the thalamus. PMID- 6683811 TI - Neurologic manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. AB - A 22-year-old woman with type I Ehlers-Danlos syndrome had severe radicular pain in the lower back. A laterally herniated lumbar disk was seen on myelography. Pain and walking improved after lumbar laminectomy. A chronic focal seizure disorder was associated with CT evidence of a congenital structural defect of the brain. PMID- 6683812 TI - Focal facial spasm. AB - An unusual case of focal facial spasm modified by factors affecting the peripheral facial nerve was investigated in a 32-year-old woman with involuntary contractions at the left mouth and nasal area. Voluntary facial movements were normal. The involuntary spasms ceased with digital pressure over the facial nerve in the left stylomastoid area. A difference between voluntary and these involuntary facial movements occurred both with local anesthetic blockade and with crushing of the facial nerve. Blink reflexes demonstrated unilateral left synkinesis, and facial EMG showed clonic discharges and individual motor units that discharged rapidly (200 Hz). Treatment with diphenylhydantoin, carbamazepine, and prednisone was ineffective. Neurolysis of the peripheral facial nerve resulted in temporary relief, whereas biofeedback controlled the spasms. Focal facial spasms may represent a disorder of the facial nucleus influenced by both peripheral and central mechanisms. PMID- 6683810 TI - Quantitative evaluation of the effects of L-dopa in torsion dystonia: a case report. AB - We used electrophysiologic methods in the diagnosis of torsion dystonia and the evaluation of therapy in a 7-year-old child. Electromyographic (EMG) activity patterns in five leg muscles were recorded during specific voluntary and passive movements as well as during gait. We found patterns of coactivation in leg muscles in walking or isolated movements, and a shortening reaction was seen in the tibialis anterior. These findings in combination with clinical observations led to the diagnosis of torsion dystonia and the choice of L-dopa therapy. Beneficial effects of therapy were assessed by the same methods. PMID- 6683813 TI - Dominant chondrodysplasia punctata with neurologic symptoms. AB - There are few descriptions of major neurologic dysfunctions in either the recessive or the dominant form of chondrodysplasia punctata. In the dominant trait, often called Conradi-Hunermann disease, a normal life expectancy with normal neurologic development is the usual course for those who survive the first few weeks of life. We studied an affected infant with a severe spinal cord abnormality that was present at birth and has not been reported in either recessive or dominant chondrodysplasia punctata. PMID- 6683814 TI - Evaluating the evaluations: or how to weigh the scales of parkinsonian disability. AB - We used four disability scales to evaluate eight patients with Parkinson's disease who were treated with pergolide mesylate for 1 year. Disability was rated on all four scales by the same neurologist at each of 11 visits. Prior ratings were not available to the examiner, who did not know that the scales themselves were an object of study. Disability scores, converted to percentage improvement relative to baseline, varied considerably between scales; for instance, at 5 months, one showed 13% improvement and another 58%. At 9 months, one showed worsening of 6% and another showed improvement of 34%. The four disability scales clearly measure different aspects of parkinsonism, and comparing results of different studies may not be valid if the disability scales are not the same. PMID- 6683815 TI - Pharmacology of cranial dystonia. PMID- 6683816 TI - Neurologists are like cops . . . PMID- 6683817 TI - Cerebral embolism and anticoagulation. PMID- 6683819 TI - Transient global amnesia and migraine. PMID- 6683818 TI - Global aphasia without hemiparesis. PMID- 6683820 TI - The one-and-a-half syndrome--a unilateral disorder of the pontine tegmentum: a study of 20 cases and review of the literature. AB - The one-and-a-half syndrome is a clinical disorder of extraocular movements characterized by a conjugate horizontal gaze palsy in one direction plus an internuclear ophthalmoplegia in the other. The syndrome is usually due to a single unilateral lesion of the paramedian pontine reticular formation or the abducens nucleus on one side (causing the conjugate gaze palsy), with interruption of internuclear fibers of the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus after it has crossed the midline from its site of origin in the contralateral abducens nucleus (causing failure of adduction of the ipsilateral eye). Twenty cases are reported; 14 had multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6683821 TI - CT and clinical correlations in recent aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a preliminary report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. AB - Computed tomography was performed on 1,378 patients admitted within 3 days of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) at 71 centers in a cooperative study. CT on the day of SAH (day 0) was abnormal in 95.8%. Intracranial blood was detected in 95.3% of patients on day 0, 90.5% on the first day after SAH (day 1), and 73.8% on day 3. CT was normal in only 1 of 284 patients in stupor or coma but was normal in 14.6% of 638 alert patients. In the first few days after SAH, CT is highly accurate, often obviating the need of CSF examinations. The interval from SAH until CT and the seriousness of the patient's condition are two factors that influence the results of CT. PMID- 6683822 TI - Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials to median nerve stimulation in patients with diffuse neurologic disease. AB - Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials were found to be abnormal in 15 of 28 patients with diffuse neurologic disease of varying etiology and severity. These abnormalities often did not directly correlate with the presence or degree of clinical sensory impairment. They were similar to findings in patients with demyelinating and focal lesions of the nervous system. This suggests that the interpretation of these potentials can be done only in the context of the patient's clinical assessment. PMID- 6683823 TI - Non-infantile neuronopathic Gaucher's disease: a clinicopathologic study. AB - Two siblings with Gaucher's disease developed a chronic, slowly progressive neurologic disorder in early adult life. Stimulus-sensitive myoclonus, generalized seizures, supranuclear gaze palsies, and cerebellar ataxia were the main clinical features. Autopsy disclosed perivascular Gaucher cells in the brain, and nerve cell loss and neuronophagia in the brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. From these observations and the literature, there seem to be three clinically distinct neurologic syndromes in Gaucher's disease, depending on the age at which symptoms begin, but the neuropathologic changes are essentially the same in all of them. A modified classification of Gaucher's disease, based on these observations, is proposed. PMID- 6683824 TI - Developmental effects of trimethyltin intoxication in the neonatal mouse. I. Light microscopic studies. AB - The effects of trimethyltin (TMT) intoxication on the developing mouse brain were studied. BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with 3.0 mg TMT/kg body weight on postnatal day 3. Animals were sacrificed at selected intervals to 30 days of age and their brains examined by light microscopy. Increased eosinophilia and granularity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and neurons of the pyriform cortex were detected as early as 16 hours post-administration. Extensive degenerative and necrotic charges were observed 1 to 10 days post-administration, particularly in hippocampal region CA-3 of Ammon's horn. Cerebellar Purkinje and granule neurons, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex were involved to a lesser extent. Pathological changes of granule cells in the fascia dentata were much less extensive than reported in adult mice. Astrogliosis was occasionally pronounced. Distribution of lesions within the hippocampus indicate that acute neonatal TMT exposure results in a different regional pattern of injury than in acutely treated adult mice. PMID- 6683826 TI - Autonomic-cardiovascular dysfunction accompanies sensory-motor impairment during acrylamide intoxication. AB - We investigated the effects of acrylamide monomer on autonomic-cardiovascular functions and simple sensory-motor behaviors. Rats were intoxicated by ip injections of acrylamide at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 10 days; control animals received an equivalent volume of saline. Heart rate (HR) and systolic arterial blood pressure (BP) were measured using the method of indirect tail plethysmography. Intoxicated animals showed fluctuating but significant increases in HR and BP after the first dose of acrylamide, during the course of the intoxication, and two days after the last dose. Deficits in sensory-motor behaviors appeared after the first dose of acrylamide and progressed steadily throughout the exposure period, remaining two days after the last dose. More complex sensory-motor behaviors were affected earliest; hindlimb functions were affected before forelimb functions, characteristic of dying-back axonopathy. These results demonstrate that acrylamide alters common measures of autonomic cardiovascular functioning in addition to simple sensory-motor behaviors. PMID- 6683825 TI - A methodology for speciation of methyltins in mammalian tissues. AB - Exposure to methyltin compounds results in morphologically detectable damage to several mammalian organ systems. Although reliable dose-response relationships have been described, a fast method for quantitating levels of various methyltin species in target organs has been unavailable. It has been possible to measure organotins as total tin using atomic absorption spectrometry, but speciation of methyltins has proved difficult. We present a rapid method for quantitative analysis and speciation of methyltins, direct from mammalian tissues. Methyltin compounds (monomethyltin trichloride, dimethyltin dichloride, trimethyltin chloride, and tetramethyltin) are purged from freshly homogenized mouse kidney and brain tissues using NaBH4. The volatile organotin hydrides produced are cryogenically trapped on the head of a gas chromatographic column (at -40 degrees C) and eluted using a linear temperature program (15 degrees C/min to 190 degrees C). The compounds are detected using selected ion monitoring in a Hewlett Packard 5985-B mass spectrometer. Quantitation is achieved by integration of the areas of the chromatographic peaks. Linear response is obtained over the range of 1 ng to 30 micrograms for each compound. Recoveries of methyltins spiked into tissues are greater than 85%. PMID- 6683828 TI - A behavioral examination of workers exposed to carbon disulfide. AB - The present study was conducted with a group of 298 textile workers. Of the workers studied 131 had worked at least one year in a rayon plant where there were CS2 exposures of varying degree, but generally below 20 ppm, which is the U.S. occupational exposure limit. The remaining 167, who worked in plants that manufactured other textiles where any CS2 exposure was considered inconsequential, comprised a comparison group. The 298 workers completed a checklist of symptoms characteristic of various neurobehavioral syndromes. Mood and excitability were measured by the Profile of Mood States, and by a mania scale from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, respectively. Cognitive and psychomotor performance was studied by application of four standard tasks: the Neisser letter search, the memory span test, the eye-hand coordination test, and a combined simple and complex reaction time test. The results indicated an absence of behavioral changes of any major significance, suggesting that effects here may only be marginal. The major finding related to the significant cluster of reported symptoms of neurobehavioral ailments. PMID- 6683827 TI - Effects on the peripheral nervous system of workers' exposure to carbon disulfide. AB - An evaluation of the effects of occupational exposure to carbon disulfide was performed in a sample of 156 male viscose rayon workers. A composite group of 233 workers drawn from two other artificial fiber plants located on the same premises as the rayon plant was used for comparison. Effects of CS2 on the peripheral nervous system (PNS) were evaluated in ulnar and peroneal nerves using measurements of maximum motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) and distal latency; and sensory conduction velocity (SCV) in the sural nerve. Self-reported symptoms related to PNS disorders were also obtained from each study participant. Industrial hygiene records showed the rayon workers to have had CS2 exposures that generally had not exceeded 20 ppm. The overall mean number of years of CS2 exposure was 12.1 years (+/- 6.9 S.D.). The viscose rayon workers were divided prior to the study into three groups according to historical mean CS2 levels calculated for job titles, and area and personal CS2 samples were obtained during the conduct of the study to characterize each job. For these three groups the median CS2 levels were measured to be 1.0, 4.1 and 7.6 ppm. The comparison group's median CS2 level approximated 0.2 ppm. Results showed CS2-exposed workers to have small but statistically significant (p less than .05) reductions in sural SCV and peroneal MCV. Other neurophysiological measures consisting of distal latency, residual latency, and muscle or nerve action potential amplitudes showed no significant differences between study groups. A reduction in the ratio of amplitudes of muscle action potentials obtained from peroneal nerve stimulation was significant (p less than .05). Reductions in the peroneal nerve MCV were found to be related, in a dose response sense, to workers' cumulative exposure to CS2. No increase attributable to CS2 was found in the prevalence of symptoms related to PNS disorders. The results from this study generally agree with similar findings from Finland, Sweden and Italy, but at CS2 exposure levels lower than those previously reported for occupational exposure. PMID- 6683830 TI - [Effect of the transplantation of heterochronic thymus on the development of immunological reactivity in CBA mice. 2. Transplantation to intact animals]. AB - The effect of transplantation of thymus from donors of different age on the immune system development was studied in the newborn CBA mice. The thymuses of 22 month and 5 day old donors were shown to exert different effects: accelerated (early attainment of the plateau) and decelerated (late attainment of the peak) maturation of the immune system in the recipients. This fact is discussed with respect to interaction of transplanted and host thymuses. PMID- 6683829 TI - Toxemia of pregnancy masquerading as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A case of toxemia misdiagnosed as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is presented. An unusual temporal relationship between the fall in platelets and the appearance of hypertension was the cause of the confusion. A rise in platelets following glucocorticoid administration is discussed. PMID- 6683831 TI - Treatment of macular hole retinal detachment with silicone oil, with or without argon laser photocoagulation. AB - If the eyeball is filled with silicone oil after vitrectomy, the occlusion of the macular hole and the internal tamponade thus obtained cause the retina to become reattached. Unlike the results obtained with gas injection, occlusion and tamponade are permanent. If the regained visual acuity is less than 1/20, the edges of the macular hole are photocoagulated and the silicone oil withdrawn; if the regained visual acuity is better, the silicone oil is left in place without photocoagulation. PMID- 6683832 TI - Retinal pigment epithelial tears. AB - Retinal pigment epithelial tears have been recognized recently as a complication of retinal pigment epithelial detachments. They are characterized by sudden separation of detached from attached pigment epithelium at the margin of the detachment. Retraction of the overlying pigment epithelium occurs and exposes Bruch's membrane and choroid. Most pigment epithelial tears appear to arise spontaneously, but they also may occur following krypton red laser photocoagulation. The visual prognosis is poor in eyes in which the tear involves the subfoveolar pigment epithelium. PMID- 6683833 TI - Changes in point prevalence of secretory otitis in preschool children. AB - By performing annual tympanometric screenings of randomly selected children in the winter, the changes in the point prevalence rate of secretory otitis could be estimated during childhood. The tympanometric conditions deteriorated from the age of 4 to the age of 5, and a significant increase in the point prevalence of type B, i.e. flat curve, from 14 to 18% was noted. However, from the age of 5 to the age of 6, an insignificant change was found in the point prevalence of type B (15%) and Eustachian tube dysfunction. In contrast, a marked improvement of the function of the Eustachian tube as well as a drastic fall in the prevalence of secretory otitis to 7% could be demonstrated from the age of 6 to the age of 7. At each trial some children have dropped out for various reasons. However, the tympanometric conditions of the dropouts largely followed the general pattern of the children who attended all trials. PMID- 6683834 TI - Eimeria mitis in mixed infections with E. acervulina and E. brunetti in the fowl. AB - Eimeria mitis and E. acervulina affect different areas of the intestine. Young chicks received E. mitis with or without E. acervulina in doses ranging from 2 to 128 X 10(4) oocysts. Mixed infections produced significantly more severe effects on growth than single infections of either species. The ratio of villus height to total mucosal thickness was reduced throughout the intestine in birds which received the mixed infection. E. mitis and E. brunetti affect the same area of the intestine. Single infections of E. brunetti in a range of doses from 1 . 25 to 20 X 10(3) oocysts produced a similar reduction in growth. When 20 X 10(3) oocysts of E. mitis were inoculated simultaneously, the effect on growth was not so severe and the oocyst output of both species was reduced. E. brunetti, superimposed 1, 2 or 3 days after an E. mitis infection, produced no greater effect on growth than E. mitis alone. Similarly, infections of E. mitis, superimposed on E. brunetti had no greater effect on growth than the latter species alone. Oocyst output of E. brunetti in superimposed infections was not reduced but peak output was delayed. PMID- 6683835 TI - [X-linked hydrocephalus. Prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 6683836 TI - Twinning handedness and embryology. AB - It is hypothesized that in some pairs of monozygotic twins, the biological insult occasioning the split may also cause a reversal of predetermined handedness and that this cannot happen if the split occurs before the ovum itself has acquired laterality. The use of the word 'split' here is not meant to give support to the concept of mirror-imaging. PMID- 6683837 TI - Pathophysiology of gravidity. AB - Regulating processes during embryonal and fetal growth are discussed (genes, hormones). Due to viral infections there can be disorder of fetal life (resorption, mumification, abortion and malformations). Mucosal Disease is hold up as an example to describe that it depends on the moment of infection, on the development of immunologic competence and on the qualities of the virus, what happens after infection. The development of immunologic competence is considered carefully. An infection with Mucosal Disease-virus can find expression in disorders of intrauterine development, malformations, manifest nerval symptoms and death because of viral reproduction in the fetus. Pathogenesis of the disturbance of the development of the central nervous system and of the skin are discussed in detail. Infection with Mucosal Disease-virus and infection with Blue Tongue-virus are compared. Different to the development of these viruses is the IBR-virus, with propagates mainly in trophoblasts. This virus causes fetal death because of anoxia or brings about necrosis in the fetus. Similar to this virus is the virus of Aujeszky's Disease, different to this virus is the Hog Cholera virus. Except of abortion and still-birth, after infection with this virus suckling pigs can be born, which show hypoplasia of the cerebellum or dysmyelogenesis. Furthermore they can be immunologically tolerant. In conclusion there is a comment on the Parvovirus infection, which results in the SMEDI Syndrome (stillbirth, mumification, embryonic-death, infertility): effect of infection of gametes via sperm is infertility, because there is no decomposition of corpus luteum graviditatis, the sow acts as if she is pregnant. The economical loss is extremely high. PMID- 6683839 TI - Short term variation in serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone in the male Japanese quail. AB - A series of experiments was conducted to examine the incidence of short-term variation in serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the male Japanese quail. Individual samples were taken at 15-min intervals for blocks of time during the day or night. Serum testosterone concentrations did not vary significantly between 1100 and 1600 hr. Comparison of fluctuations in serum testosterone between 1300 to 1430 hr and 0100 to 0230 hr again revealed no significant change during the day, and a highly significant peak during the nocturnal sample. In two experiments, significant variations were observed in serum testosterone and LH between 10 and 14 hr after the onset of light. Pulses in LH preceded those of testosterone by up to 75 min. These experiments substantiate previous reports of episodic fluctuations of LH in avian species and provide evidence of episodes in peripheral levels of serum testosterone in the male Japanese quail. PMID- 6683838 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presenting before 2 years of age in 13 patients. AB - Thirteen patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who presented by 2 years of age were evaluated. All had been referred because of a heart murmur. Four had positive family histories for HCM and 2 had congestive heart failure. Cardiothoracic ratios ranged from 0.43 to 0.70 (mean 0.56). In 12 cases, electrocardiograms showed abnormal Q waves, ventricular hypertrophy, or aberrant rhythms. Resting peak systolic pressure differences ranged from 0 to 92 mm Hg (mean 21.1) across the right ventricular outflow tract, and from 0 to 112 mm Hg (mean 36) across the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). Cardiac angiography showed evidence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) in all patients, LVOT obstruction in 3, and aortic and mitral insufficiency in 1. Six patients received no therapy, 6 were treated with propranolol, and 3 were treated with left ventricular myomectomy. During follow-up (mean 6.1 years), no patient died and 10 became or remained asymptomatic. The apparently favorable clinical course observed in these patients during this period of follow-up may be related to early treatment, made possible by the early diagnosis. PMID- 6683841 TI - Prenatal testosterone exposure elevates maternal aggression in mice. AB - Pregnant Rockland-Swiss (R-S) female mice were injected with oil, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 micrograms of testosterone propionate (TP) on days 12, 14 and 16 of gestation and the maternal aggressive behavior of their resulting female offspring was examined in adulthood. Prenatal exposure to 1 or 2 micrograms of TP, but not 0.5 micrograms of the steroid, significantly increased the number of attacks displayed by parturient mice toward adult male intruders. The behavioral effects on aggression were observed in the absence of effects on external morphology, body weight, or lactational performance. The findings support previous research showing that the development of feminine behavior may be sensitive to prenatal androgens. The possibility that the presence of fetal testosterone augments both male and female aggressive behavior is discussed. PMID- 6683840 TI - Patterns of care in oncology: an approach to medical and utilization audit. PMID- 6683843 TI - Olfactory bulbectomy and play fighting in juvenile rats. AB - To determine the influence on play fighting of inputs to the brain that arise in or course through the olfactory bulbs juvenile male and female rats were bilaterally bulbectomized at 23 or 24 days of age. The frequency of play fighting and play initiation was observed in tests conducted in the home cage. Bulbectomy did not affect the frequency of play fighting or play initiation by males, but slightly increased the frequency of play fighting without altering play initiation in females. Since peripheral anosmia has only modest effects on play fighting, neither the chemosensory nor the modulatory influences of the olfactory bulbs on limbic system activity appear to be especially important in the control of play by juvenile rats. PMID- 6683842 TI - Effects of an anti-androgen and 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors on estrus duration in the cycling female rat. AB - Five experiments examined the role of circulating androgens in the control of sexual behavior (lordosis) in the intact cycling rat. The androgen receptor blocker, flutamide (FLU), was administered daily to cycling rats beginning on the day of estrus, and lordotic responsiveness was measured on the 2nd subsequent proestrus day and on the day of estrus. FLU-treated females showed significantly higher levels of lordosis throughout the end of the period of estrus than controls (Experiment 1). Neither the maximal levels of lordosis seen on the evening of proestrus nor the time of onset of estrous responsiveness during the preceeding afternoon were affected by FLU (Experiment 2). Serum estradiol concentrations seen on the morning of proestrus (Experiment 3) did not differ between FLU- and vehicle-treated animals. The weak 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, testosterone-17 beta-carboxylic acid (17 beta C), prolonged slightly, but did not significantly lengthen, the period of estrus (Experiment 4), while the highly potent steroidal 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, 4 MA, significantly increased the rate at which estrous behavior declined on the day of estrus (Experiment 5). Circulating androgens do not appear to affect the maximal level of sexual receptivity displayed nor the time of estrus onset; however, they may govern the duration of the period of estrus by influencing the rate of estrus termination. PMID- 6683844 TI - Scopolamine blocks play fighting behavior in juvenile rats. AB - Play fighting, social investigation, and locomotor activity of prepubescent male laboratory rats were observed 20 min following administration of scopolamine hydrobromide. Play fighting was inhibited by an intraperitoneal dosage of 0.3 mg/kg and was effectively blocked at all dosages greater than 0.5 mg/kg; activity and social investigatory behavior were increased by scopolamine. Play fighting inhibition following a threshold dosage of 0.3 mg/kg scopolamine was effective at 30 min; after 120 min, drug- and saline-treated groups failed to differ reliably. Behavioral tolerance to scopolamine was observed after five days of daily treatment with 0.5 mg/kg scopolamine; play fighting, following a 0.5 mg/kg dosage of scopolamine, did not differ from that of saline-treated controls. The results are discussed in terms of central and peripheral effects of scopolamine and the competing response hypothesis. PMID- 6683845 TI - The effects of differential housing, castration and steroidal hormone replacement on attacks directed by resident mice towards lactating intruders. AB - Group-housed castrated (but not intact) males show high incidences of attack on lactating (but not non-lactating) female intruders. In Experiment 1, responses by isolated and group (in 3's)-housed intact and castrated males to lactating intruders were studied. The latter males were given sham, testosterone (T) or estradiol (E2) implants before testing. Castration augmented attack by animals in both housing conditions, confirming that intra-group fighting could not account for androgen-related changes in fighting behaviour in group-housed animals. Both T and E2 implants suppressed attack in animals in both housing conditions. Consequently, Experiment 2 evaluated the influence of three dose levels of T, E2 and DHT (dihydrotestosterone), in attack by castrated group-housed male residents on lactating intruders. Treatment of castrated males with T or E2 (but not DHT) inhibited attack in these animals. These findings provide support for the idea that aromatization is also a prerequisite for the inhibitory action of T on male aggression towards lactating females. PMID- 6683846 TI - Influence of gamma-butyrolactone on behavior due to dopaminergic drugs. AB - Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) is well known to reduce dopamine neuronal impulse flow, but the effects of the drug on dopamine-dependent behavioral states is not well studied. Qualitative and quantitative data are presented, detailing the influence of GBL on stereotypy when this drug is given after administration of the indirectly-acting dopamine mimetics amphetamine and methylphenidate, and the direct dopamine agonist apomorphine. GBL reversed the stereotypy produced by all three drugs, given at moderate doses producing comparable intensities of stereotypy. GBL unexpectedly proved effective in reversing stereotypy after higher-dose apomorphine while producing a rather weak influence on that of higher dose amphetamine and methylphenidate. The results are discussed in terms of the dopamine impulse flow, and possible GABA-potentiating, effects of GBL, and the sedative effects of apomorphine. PMID- 6683847 TI - The effect of the ovarian cycle on the sexual behaviour of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). AB - The sexual behaviour of 7 pairs of marmosets was observed during 30 minute tests for 44-68 days and blood samples were collected from females for measurement of plasma progesterone, testosterone and oestrone. Copulations occurred throughout the ovarian cycle of 24-30 days. Females used a "tongue-flicking" display both as an invitational behaviour (proceptive tongue-flicks) and during copulation (receptive tongue-flicks) most frequently during the peri-ovulatory period. Frequencies of proceptivity were correlated positively with high mean levels of testosterone and oestrone during the cycle and with a short follicular phase. Males showed significant increases in tongue-flicks, mounts and ejaculations during the peri-ovulatory phase, together with a shortened post-ejaculatory interval and increased duration of penile erection after ejaculation. A retrospective analysis showed that these changes in the males' behaviour occurred only during tests where females were proceptive and not during other tests in the peri-ovulatory period. Females refused significantly more of the males' mounting attempts during the luteal phase and a corresponding reduction in mount frequency occurred at this time. Grooming, scent-marking, olfactory inspections and some other behaviours did not alter significantly in either sex during the ovarian cycle. PMID- 6683849 TI - Effects of coping behavior on gastric lesions in rats as a function of the complexity of coping tasks. AB - In fixed ratio (FR) 2 coping task condition, experimental rats which could avoid and/or escape shock by emitting a disk-pulling operant response developed less stomach ulceration than did yoked "helpless" rats which had exactly the same shock but which had no control over shock. In variable ratio (VR) 5 coping task condition, however, the experimental rats developed more lesions than did the matched yoked rats. Neither the VR 2- nor the FR 5-experimental group was significantly different from its yoked group. Ulceration of non-shock control group was negligible compared to experimental and yoked rats in each of the four coping task conditions. The level of a complexity or difficulty of coping response tasks required has a detrimental effect on ulcerogenesis for "coping" experimental rats. The effectiveness of a coping behavior covaries with the nature or ease of the coping tasks in a stressful situation. PMID- 6683848 TI - Naloxone partially antagonizes post-encounter analgesia and enhances defensive responding in male rats exposed to attack from lactating conspecifics. AB - Recent evidence indicates that inter-male conflict in mice, but not rats, results in opiate-like analgesia in defeated animals. To test the hypothesis that differences in attack intensity/controllability may underlie this apparent species difference, male rats were exposed to non-ritualized attack from lactating conspecifics. In response to such encounters, male intruders exhibited significant elevations in tail-flick latency. Pretreatment with low (0.1-1.0 mg/kg), but not high (10 mg/kg), doses of naloxone partially antagonized the development of post-encounter analgesia and enhanced several components of male defensiveness during encounters. These results suggest that exposure to attack from lactating conspecifics activates both opioid and nonopioid analgesia mechanisms in male intruders. Correlational analyses revealed, however, that intruder analgesia was not related to the number of attacks received or the display of submissive postures. Data are discussed with reference to the possible importance of psychological factors in the activation of endogenous pain inhibitory mechanisms in rats. PMID- 6683850 TI - Female to male transsexual conversion: a 15-year follow-up. PMID- 6683851 TI - [Micro-analysis of mother-infant interaction. Behaviors leading to relational contact between a mother and her 3 1/2-month-old twins]. PMID- 6683852 TI - Comparison of procedures used to induce offensive attack in mice. PMID- 6683853 TI - Effects of propantheline bromide on basal growth hormone, cortisol and prolactin levels. AB - Propantheline bromide, a peripheral anticholinergic drug with muscarinic and nicotinic blocking properties, was given by mouth to normal young men. Propantheline (45 mg) significantly lowered basal growth hormone concentrations at 0800 hr, 12 hr after administration. Propantheline (30 mg) tended (p = 0.08) to lower growth hormone concentrations at 1200 hr, 16 hr after administration. Cortisol and prolactin levels were not changed 12, 16 and 20 hr after propantheline (30 mg) nor 12 hr after propantheline (45 mg). PMID- 6683854 TI - Endocrine abnormalities in idiopathic haemochromatosis. AB - Anterior pituitary functions and sex steroid levels were measured in 12 patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis (eight males, four postmenopausal females) and age-matched controls, 12 with diabetes mellitus and five with hepatic cirrhosis. In idiopathic haemochromatosis gonadotrophin deficiency was present in seven of 12 patients including six of seven patients who had clinical evidence of hypogonadism. Basal prolactin levels were significantly lower in the patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis compared with either of the control groups (p less than 0.02). Nine patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis exhibited subnormal prolactin responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone. Thyroid and adrenocortical functions were normal in all patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis. Testosterone values were subnormal in five of eight males with idiopathic haemochromatosis; females with idiopathic haemochromatosis had significantly lower testosterone values compared with the diabetic females (p less than 0.05). Oestradiol values in both sexes and sex hormone binding globulin values in the males were not significantly different in patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis compared with the controls. Sex hormone binding globulin levels were significantly higher in females with idiopathic haemochromatosis compared with either diabetic or cirrhotic females (p less than 0.05). Impairment of anterior pituitary function occurs in idiopathic haemochromatosis but is selective; gonadotrophin and prolactin deficiencies are common. Clinical hypogonadism is usually hypogonadotrophic in origin. PMID- 6683855 TI - Inactivation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by heavy ions. AB - Exponentially growing and plateau-phase cultures of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were irradiated with heavy ions (Z greater than or equal to 20) and assayed for loss of reproductive capacity either immediately or at delayed times after irradiation. The results indicated no modification of the exponential dose response due to conditions which usually favor the repair of potentially lethal damage at low ionization density. Postirradiation treatment of the cells with beta-arabinofuranosyladenine, a DNA synthesis inhibitor known to act on PLD repair, resulted in effects similar to those observed without this drug and confirmed the hypothesis that at such high values of ionization density only lethal, unmodifiable damage can be expressed. The inactivation cross-section values calculated from the slope of the measured survival curves showed no significant correlations with commonly used parameters of radiation quality such as LET or z2/beta 2. Instead, a functional dependence on the primary ion energy was indicated, being smaller by a factor of two at low energies (less than or equal to 2 MeV/amu) compared with values at energies above 4 MeV/amu, where agreement with the morphological nuclear cross section of the culture was found. This suggests that at higher specific ion energies energetic secondary electrons contribute to the induction of lethal damage, and that interaction of damaged sites between the primary track and the track ends of delta electrons may occur. The data are therefore also discussed in terms of the "penumbra model" which emphasizes the role of delta electrons in cell killing when radiations with very high ionization density are applied. PMID- 6683856 TI - Evidence that repair and expression of potentially lethal damage cause the variations in cell survival after X irradiation observed through the cell cycle in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. PMID- 6683857 TI - Clinical experiences with Telebrix and Hexabrix in angiography. PMID- 6683858 TI - Ultrastructure of the avian iris dilator muscle. AB - The striate structure of the dilator iris muscle of diving and non-diving ducks was studied by light and electron microscopy. The myofibrils of both muscles are highly organized and resemble the typical appearance of fast striate muscle. The larger relative size of the dilator in the diver cannot be explained on the basis of differences in accommodation but is likely due to a difference in speed and magnitude of pupil changes. PMID- 6683859 TI - Effect of the products of ovulation on in vitro fertilization and sperm motility in the rabbit. AB - Different concentrations of rabbit or bovine follicular fluid were added to a defined medium or to rabbit oestrous oviduct fluid containing 13 hours in utero incubated sperm. With increasing concentration of follicular fluid, the percentage of fertilization was progressively and significantly lower than in oestrous tubal secretions or Brackett's medium, alone or containing up to 5% of follicular fluid. Utilization of ova, with or without cumulus clot, to the fertilization media, had no significant effect on fertilization of rabbit eggs. Both kinds of follicular fluid used did inhibit the motility of capacitated sperm. PMID- 6683860 TI - [Role of passerine birds in the ecology of influenza viruses]. AB - A total of 267 passerine birds distributed among 37 species were netted during spring 1980 and summer 1981 in the Laurentian and Montreal areas. All the cloacal swabs collected at that time wer free of influenza viruses. Three and five days after oral administration of avian or human influenza A virus strains, 108 isolates were obtained from 42 of 134 passerine birds. Positive samples were recovered mainly from the respiratory and the digestive tract and also from liver. Spleen and kidneys. Viral replication is cells from trachea, lungs, gizzard and caecum was detected by indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal antibody to influenza A virus nucleoprotein. Viral transmission from inoculated to non inoculated birds placed in the same cages was not observed. On the other hand a similar experimental inoculation of young mallard ducks showed that extensive viral transmission occurred from inoculated to non inoculated ducklings and that infection was found exclusively in the digestive tract. Furthermore viruses were detected in samples of drinking water from all cages containing infected ducks. Passerine birds do not represent an important reservoir of influenza viruses but might contribute to the formation and spreading of recombinants potentially pathogenic for man and animals. PMID- 6683861 TI - An ultrastructural study of endocardial endothelium alterations in catecholamine induced infarct-like necrosis. PMID- 6683862 TI - Tissue concentrations of eosinophilia in the bovine oviduct and uterus of different stages of the oestrous cycle. AB - Numbers of eosinophils in the bovine oviduct and uterus were determined during the oestrous cycle. The eosinophil numbers in the oviduct (ampulla and isthmus) and horn of the uterus during oestrus were significantly higher than during dioestrus. The number of eosinophils in the uterine cervix was lower than in the uterine horn for all stages of the oestrous cycle. In the oviduct, eosinophils accumulated in the lamina propria of the tunica mucosa, in the tunica muscularis and in the connective tissue of the tunica serosa. In the uterus, they were concentrated mainly in the upper parts of the stroma in the endometrium. Degranulation of eosinophils was observed during oestrus when they increased in number in the oviduct and uterus. PMID- 6683863 TI - [Seromucous otitis, tympanometry and general anesthesia]. PMID- 6683864 TI - [Chemotherapy of solid tumors. The role of cisplatin in today's chemotherapy]. PMID- 6683865 TI - [Prostate and bladder ultrasonography]. PMID- 6683866 TI - [Endoscopic teflon injection in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence]. PMID- 6683867 TI - [Poisoning by mushrooms other than Amanita phalloides. Clinical aspects, epidemiology and prevention]. PMID- 6683868 TI - [Splenectomy treatment in 108 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: role of initial splenectomy in chronic purpura]. PMID- 6683869 TI - Different patterns of platelet turnover in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Platelet turnover, platelet production, platelet mean life span (MLS), platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet-associated antibodies have been examined in 26 patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and in 1 patient with hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (HT). 15 ITP patients had normal or increased platelet turnover and platelet production, while 11 had subnormal values despite shortened MLS, while the patient with HT had normal MLS. The differences between the two groups with high and low platelet turnover were statistically significant. No correlation was found between kinetics parameters and bone marrow pattern in a total of 19 patients examined. These data suggest that in some cases of chronic ITP, the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia can be due not only to the peripheral destruction of platelets, but also to a deficient platelet production by megakaryocytes. Since the number of megakaryocytes in bone marrow slides is not decreased in the low turnover compared with the high turnover group, it is possible that an impaired pattern of megakaryocyte maturation be the cause of the low platelet production in these patients, unlike in the HT patient where megakaryocytes are almost absent. PMID- 6683871 TI - X chromosome-linked transmission and expression of retroviral genomes microinjected into mouse zygotes. AB - A genomic clone consisting of the Moloney leukemia proviral genome with moderately repetitive mouse sequences was microinjected into the pronucleus of a mouse zygote. An animal was derived that carried multiple copies of proviral DNA in a tandem array. No evidence for homologous recombination was obtained. The viral genome was expressed in this animal and was transmitted as a single unit to its offspring. Subsequent breeding studies revealed that the proviral DNA had integrated on an X chromosome. PMID- 6683870 TI - The role of soil and plant metabolic processes in controlling trace element behavior and bioavailability to animals. AB - Metabolic and physiological processes play important roles in regulating the transfer and behavior of trace elements in the soil/plant/animal system. The behaviors of Ni, Cd, Cr, T1, Np, Pu and Tc are used to illustrate important aspects of these processes. Microbial metabolism has both indirect and direct effects on trace element solubility in soils. Once non-nutrient trace elements are solubilized, the ability of plant roots to actively accumulate them is dependent on chemical activity of the element in soil solution, the presence of competing ions and the redox potential and absorption capacity of the root. After absorption in the plant, trace elements are translocated, metabolized and stored; fate and behavior varies with the properties of the element, but is generally analogous to nutrient elements. These processes can dramatically affect the availability of individual elements to animals consuming plants. PMID- 6683872 TI - Profound acidosis in infancy. PMID- 6683873 TI - [Food poisoning caused by ingestion of contaminated shellfish]. PMID- 6683874 TI - Women's health clinics. AB - A major challenge in the latter half of the 20th century is to make the benefits of medical advances available to those most in need of them. Papanicolaou screening for cervical cancer can best benefit the masses by making it a part of the comprehensive primary health care service offered by district clinics. The clientele, services offered, staff training, logistics (particularly with regard to laboratory support) and medical supervision of such a proposed service are considered. PMID- 6683875 TI - Clinical and experimental keratitis caused by the Colletotrichum state of Glomerella cingulata and Acrophialophora fusispora. AB - Two cases of mycotic keratitis caused by the Colletotrichum state of Glomerella cingulata and Acrophialophora fusispora are reported for the first time. Both the isolates produced experimental corneal lesions in rabbit eyes but A. fusispora was more pathogenic. The experimental infection was more severe, with both the fungi, in rabbits pretreated with cortisone as compared with untreated animals. In vitro A. fusispora was most sensitive to miconazole and tolciclate followed by clotrimazole, amphotericin B and lactones while clotrimazole exerted maximum inhibitory effect on Colletotrichum followed by miconazole, lactones, amphotericin B and arnebins. Arnebins and tolciclate were inactive respectively against A. fusispora and Colletotrichum. Of the 3 drugs tested in vivo, against A. fusispora keratitis in rabbit, amphotericin B showed better results than tolciclate and miconazole. PMID- 6683876 TI - A zygomycotic infection in captive snakes. AB - We report disseminated, fatal fungal disease involving subcutaneous and visceral tissues in 4 captive snakes (1 Elaphe guttata, 2 Crotalus horridus, and 1 Pituophis melanoleucus). The etiologic agent, which was abundant in the lesion, had a rounded form in vivo with a prominent nucleus. These cells averaged 17 microns in diameter and reproduced by fission, forming clusters of two or four daughter cells. The etiologic agent was isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar from one of the snakes. It also grew well on various mycologic media, forming soft, raised, glabrous, tannish colonies. The colonies were composed of large spherical cells with prominent nuclei that reproduced by fission like those seen in tissue. In addition, some of the cells were observed to germinate, forming rudimentary hyphal filaments that were up to 8 microns in diameter and 100 microns in length, with occasional septa and thick-walled structures regarded as azygospores. We consider the fungus to be a zygomycete that may belong to the order Entomophthorales. PMID- 6683877 TI - Flow fluorescence cytometry of deoxyribonucleic acid in meningiomas: studies on surgically removed tumor specimens compared with their cells in primary tissue cultures. AB - Flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid analysis was carried out in 15 meningiomas obtained surgically: two were fibroblastic; one was transitional; four were syncytial with few or no mitoses; three were angioblastic; three were syncytial containing many mitoses and focal micronecroses; one was polymorphic; and one was the papillary type. The histograms of nuclei in the surgical specimens were compared with those obtained from primary tissue culture cells prepared from tumor samples. Five diploid meningiomas had abnormal values for their 4C peaks that were also manifested by their tissue culture cells showing either slightly decreased or increased values during a 7- to 14-day period. Strong variations of the histograms were seen in the original material and in the primary tissue culture of the polymorphic tumor and the aneuploid meningioma of the papilary type. It is suspicious that in vitro proliferating meningioma tissue may be an index for a high risk of recurrence. The results of these seven cases are in contrast to eight further meningiomas of this series with more or less "indifferent" diploid histograms, thus suggesting that there could also be a scale of proliferative potentials of the different meningiomas rapidly demonstrable by means of flow fluorescence cytometry. PMID- 6683878 TI - Obstruction of a Bjork-Shiley mitral prosthesis in a patient with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. PMID- 6683879 TI - Platelet shape change and cytoskeletal assembly: effects of pH and monovalent cation ionophores. AB - The monovalent cation ionophores monensin and nigericin cause platelet shape change at a rate of approximately 1/20 of that caused by ADP. The effect of monensin was studied further. Shape change caused by monensin is pH dependent, increasing in rate as extracellular pH increases. Monensin induced shape change is not blocked by 30 microM cinanserin which completely inhibits serotonin induced shape change. Also, the amount of serotonin secreted by monensin treated platelets is below the threshold required to induce shape change. 100 microM ATP which inhibits ADP induced shape change does not affect monensin induced shape change. Amiloride, a sodium transport blocker, inhibits both the rate of ADP induced shape change and platelet spreading on poly-lysine coated glass. Amorphous platelet cytoskeletons isolated from resting platelets at pH 6.8 with Mg++ but not Ca++ can be transformed into filament bundles by subsequent incubation at pH 7.6. We conclude that platelet shape change is at least in part triggered by changes in cellular Na+ and pH. PMID- 6683880 TI - [Survival potential of Trichostrongylus eggs and larva in soil]. AB - The survival of Trichostrongylid-eggs and -larvae in the soil was studied during the period from September 1980 to November 1980. The number of eggs and larvae found was very low. The conclusion was that survival in the soil was negligible in the conditions reported. The role of drug beetles and earthworms in survival requires closer examination. PMID- 6683881 TI - Pulmonary hyperreactivity in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) from nose only inhalation exposure to disodium hexachloroplatinate, Na2PtCl6. AB - The pulmonary and dermal effects of exposure to Na2PtCl6 were investigated in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) exposed by the nose-only inhalation and percutaneous routes. Separate inhalation exposures were performed in monkeys at 200 micrograms/m3 and 2 mg/m3 (4 hr/day, biweekly for 12 weeks), while another group of monkeys was percutaneously exposed biweekly by an open patch method. After a 2-week refractory period, serial Na2PtCl6 bronchoprovocation challenges and intradermal Na2PtCl6 sensitivity evaluations were performed. Na2PtCl6 bronchoprovocation in naive control monkeys yielded significant impairments in post-challenge pulmonary mechanics and ventilatory function. These results indicate a pharmacologic or irritant-mediated bronchoconstriction mechanism for acute exposure to this compound. When the post-challenge pulmonary function of animals exposed for the 12-week exposure regimen (across treatments) was compared to pulmonary deficits observed in control animals upon challenge, significantly greater pulmonary deficits were seen in animals exposed at the 200 micrograms/m3 concentration. Exposure at this concentration yielded significant changes in post challenge average pulmonary flow resistance (RL) and forced expiratory volume in 0.5 sec corrected for vital capacity (FEV0.5/FVC) when compared to control monkey responses. Animals exposed by the percutaneous route or at 2 mg/m3 showed no significant post-challenge pulmonary deficits when compared to control animals. Intradermal Na2PtCl6 sensitivity was found not to be exposure related in the conditions of this experiment. PMID- 6683882 TI - [Changes in the ethanol content in cadaveric organs buried in the winter]. PMID- 6683883 TI - What is elastin; what is not. AB - Fibrous elastin is a biologic macromolecular construct for which there currently exists a wide disparity of descriptions. On the one hand is the view that elastin is an unambiguously random network of polypeptide chains best described functionally by analogy to rubber elasticity. On the other hand, elastin is viewed as being constructed of parallel aligned filaments that are due in large part to hydrophobic associations in an aqueous milieu and are comprised of describable, preferred conformations. One class of the conformations is elastomeric and gives rise to a proposed new mechanism of elasticity called the librational entropy mechanism of elasticity. While pertinent arguments of both perspectives are noted, this review presents the latter perspective. It begins with the century old delineation of two conditions of matter, colloids and crystalloids, making the point that biologic materials previously listed as colloidal (and as such considered to be without order) have one by one been described in terms of structures with beautiful regularities. Data on the primary structure of elastin and its cross-links are discussed as are electron microscopic studies on negatively stained fibrous elastin and coacervates of elastin peptides. It is demonstrated that conformational descriptions of repeating peptides of elastin can give rise to the filaments observed in the ultrastructural studies and to a three-component working model for a fundamental unit of elastin structure. It is argued that the dominant class of conformations in the three-component model are consistent with data on the thermodynamics of elasticity, on birefringence, and on chain mobility, which had previously been considered to be indicative only of random chains. The developing understandings of molecular conformation are shown to provide a basis with which to begin an understanding of the molecular pathology of elastin. PMID- 6683884 TI - Terminology. PMID- 6683885 TI - [Heart function in severe hypertension]. PMID- 6683886 TI - [Cancer of the uterine cervix. A questionnaire study of psychosocial and sexual sequele of disease and treatment in women treated and cured by irradiation]. PMID- 6683887 TI - [Sex hormone binding globulin deficiency in 8-year-old girl]. PMID- 6683888 TI - [Renal dehydration in infancy as the result of dietary solute loading]. PMID- 6683889 TI - Operative treatment of women with prolapse and genuine primary stress incontinence. AB - 48 women with genuine primary stress urinary incontinence and prolapse were studied and treated over a 6-year period. The surgical procedures undertaken included urethroplasty with lyodura sling and prolapse plasty (45 patients), urethroplasty with lyodura sling and vaginal hysterectomy (3 patients). A follow up from 2 years to 6 years showed in 2 patients a complete failure. The complications were: acute urinary tract infections (5 patients), incisional hernia (1 patient), prolonged urinary retention (3 patients). The results suggest that this technique is successful in correcting stress urinary incontinence and prolapse in women. PMID- 6683890 TI - [Urethrorectal fistulae]. PMID- 6683891 TI - Ultrasonic signal processing for in vivo attenuation measurement: short time Fourier analysis. AB - Short-time Fourier analysis is well suited for processing tissue echographic signals which are nonstationary. We have investigated the use of short-time Fourier analysis to provide an estimation of the echographic spectral composition as a function of time. It will be shown that the time dependence of the spectral centroid of this representation allows one to deduce easily the frequency dependent attenuation. A simple correction of the noninvariant filtering effect due to diffraction is used to unbias the attenuation slope estimation. This new signal processing technique was first tested on simulated echographic data from a 1-D tissue model. Experimental results obtained from echo signals on a tissue like phantom and on in vivo liver tissue show the influence of diffraction and attenuation respectively. PMID- 6683892 TI - A beam corrected estimation of the frequency dependent attenuation of biological tissues from backscattered ultrasound. AB - A practical and highly accurate method of estimation of the frequency-dependent slope of the acoustic attenuation coefficient, alpha 1, using backscattered ultrasound energy is presented. The influence of the focused ultrasound beam is experimentally measured and a simple method for incorporating the field effects in the estimate of alpha 1 is described. The accuracy of the estimate of alpha 1 in vitro which appears to be of the order of 10 percent, demonstrates the feasibility of in vivo applications of the technique. PMID- 6683893 TI - Propagation of broadband ultrasound in attenuating media. AB - An expression describing the time dependent evolution of broadband ultrasound wave forms is derived for signals propagating in a homogeneous tissue equivalent medium with an attenuation coefficient which is linearly proportional to frequency and for a class of pulse modulations which are analytic in the complex frequency plane. Results of the analysis are compared with those obtained by using a simple Gaussian modulation. It is shown that the frequency down shift produced by the medium causes predictable modifications in ultrasound beam widths and theoretical estimates are compared with published experimental data. PMID- 6683894 TI - Spectral characterization and attenuation measurements in ultrasound. AB - Various means of characterizing ultrasonic attenuation in tissue are reviewed. A simple method for estimating frequency-dependent attenuation via measurement of the zero crossing density of the signal is presented and validated. Both the effects of the frequency dependence of scatter and stochastic variability of the measurement are considered and discussed. Results of measurements made in phantoms, animals and humans are presented and compared to the theoretical model. The technique is shown to be technically feasible. PMID- 6683895 TI - [Prostate cytology. 12 years' experience with transrectal fine needle biopsy]. AB - From January 1970 until November 1982 7814 fine needle biopsies of the prostate were performed in 5856 patients in the urological clinic of the University of Munich. Our experience with this method demonstrates, that the technique is not as easy and must be taught carefully. The diagnostic accuracy depends mostly on the clinician who performs the procedure, less on the cytopathologist. It is possible to distinguish a normal cytological pattern as well as different degrees of infection and different types of tumour-malignancy of the prostatic cancer. Therapy-induced tumour-regression also can be diagnosed. Because of few complications and its high diagnostic reliability the method deserves increased use. PMID- 6683896 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic significance of cytological malignancy grading of prostatic carcinoma]. AB - Clinical staging and morphological grading are very important for treatment of prostatic carcinoma. In 1980 a German pathological-urological study group of prostate cancer completed a new cytological grading system. This system has grades I-III of malignancy, based on six cellular criteria, whose relevance for prognosis was shown by cellkinetical investigations. The present study demonstrates less "undergrading" from transrectal fine needle biopsy and cytological diagnosis than from punch-biopsy and histological diagnosis. The cytological grade correlates well with the local extent of the tumor and metastases to pelvic lymph nodes. Despite of the wellknown problems with morphological grading on a biopsy it gives us very important information. PMID- 6683897 TI - [Cytological monitoring of the therapy of conservatively treated prostate cancer. Classification and clinical significance]. AB - 600 aspiration biopsies were performed under 6 different therapeutic conditions (estrogens, antiandrogen, Estracyt, irradiation, irradiation and estrogens, cytostatics) in patients mostly in stage T3 Nx Mo. The most important signs of regression were found in the nucleus. Compared to 102 simultaneous transrectal punch biopsies we found a diagnostic reliability for cytology of 97%. A detailed classification of the cytological signs of regression permitted a cytological grading of regression into 6 different regression grades. A surprisingly good correlation was found between grading of regression and clinical response or progression. Cytology was superior to rectal examination as a method of evaluating the effectiveness of therapies. The incidence of complications of aspiration biopsy was 1.6% and the incidence of insufficient cell material was 5.2%. PMID- 6683898 TI - [Single cell photometry analysis of nuclear DNA in treated undifferentiated prostate cancer and its clinical significance]. AB - Based on 67 specimens from 20 conservatively treated undifferentiated prostate cancer patients cell nucleic acid analysis combined with a prospective clinical study was attempted using single cell scanning-cytophotometry. Regardless of therapy type a statistically significant difference in nuclear DNA-content was evident between successfully treated prostate cancers and therapy-resistant cancers. Good prognosis was suggested by a significant decline from aneuploid or polyploid to diploid nuclear-DNA-content with a narrow peak in 2c, especially within the first 12 weeks of treatment. Lack of DNA-content alteration or a DNA frequency distribution change to the right were correlated with rapid clinical regression. Although all had undifferentiated prostate cancer morphology statistically significant differences in nuclear DNA-content were found. The prognostic value of this remains unknown. PMID- 6683899 TI - [Estracyt therapy in advanced prostate cancer: current status and personal results]. AB - In addition to surveying biochemistry, clinical findings and side effects of Estramustin Phosphate therapy, this paper gives an account of our own results with primary and secondary Estramustin Phosphate therapy. A total number of 118 patients have been examined in three different studies since 1970. Apart from conventional clinical control examinations, an additional accurate parameter applied to control therapy response was cytological analysis of therapy induced regression signs in primary tumor. Thus objective therapy response was established for 87% resp. 93% of the patients on primary Estramustin Phosphate therapy, and for 35% resp. 45% of those on secondary therapy. Patients with cytologically poor therapy response 3 months after beginning of therapy entered significantly earlier into clinical progression than patients with favorable therapy response, with clinical progression being additionally and essentially influenced by the pretherapeutical metastatic stage. Gastro-intestinal side effects were prevalent in 79% of cases on intravenous administration of the drug, while on oral administration they were found to be three times less. PMID- 6683900 TI - [On a double testis]. AB - On clinical examination of a 44-year-old man because of hypospadiasis and recurrent inguinal hernia, an intrascrotal mass was palpated. The tumour turned out to be a supernumerary testicle. In doubtful tumorous conditions of the male genital tract Triorchidism, a rare congenital anomaly should be borne in mind. PMID- 6683902 TI - Potential preservation of potency after radical prostatectomy. AB - Radical prostatectomy often is followed by erectile dysfunction. Various etiologies have been postulated--vascular, psychologic, or neurologic. Recently, we were able to isolate the cavernous nerves of the prostatic plexus, which innervate the erectile tissue of the corpora cavernosa, for electroerection in dogs. Acute and chronic experiments were then performed to examine the relationship between erectile impotence and radical prostatectomy. We conclude that erectile impotence after total prostatectomy is a result of injury to the cavernous nerves and that potency can be preserved if these nerves are identified and salvaged during surgery. PMID- 6683901 TI - [Increased risk of tumor development in the upper urinary tract following multicentric papillary bladder tumors]. AB - Two theories of pathogenesis of multifocal transitional cell carcinoma are discussed: 1. Theory of cellular implantation; 2. multifocal tumor growth. The increased incidence of tumors in the upper urinary tract after urinary diversion for bladder cancer supports the multifocal theory. After treatment of papillary bladder cancer the risk of developing a second tumor in the kidney or ureter is much higher. Therefore we emphasize the continuous follow-up with radiological control of the upper urinary tract. PMID- 6683903 TI - Torulopsis infection extensively involving urinary tract. AB - A case report of extensive and severe urinary tract infection caused by Torulopsis glabrata is presented. In this multiple antibiotic therapy, multiple surgical procedures, and urinary obstruction due to urolithiasis are believed to be factors predisposing to an opportunistic fungal infection. PMID- 6683904 TI - [Reactive syndrome following laser coagulation of intraocular tumors and its prevention]. PMID- 6683906 TI - Seasonal variations in rectal temperature of Yankasa sheep. AB - From measurements of rectal temperature (Tre) at 06:00h (06:00Tre) and at 14:00h (14:00Tre), meteorological stress was determined in six Yankasa ewes in terms of per cent rise of 14:00Tre over 06:00Tre reference values during the harmattan and hot-dry seasons. Absolute and mean Tre values were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) during the harmattan than the hot-dry season. In both seasons, mean 14:00Tre was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than 06:00Tre. The mean diurnal difference between 14:00Tre and 06:00Tre, i.e. delta Tre was about 1 degrees C during the harmattan but ranged between 0.5 and 0.7 degrees C during the hot-dry season. All animals were observed to shiver during harmattan nights. PMID- 6683907 TI - Transcriptive complex of Newcastle disease virus. I. Both L and P proteins are required to constitute an active complex. AB - Virions of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were disrupted with Triton X-100 in the presence of high salt and nucleocapsids were isolated by ultracentrifugation. The nucleocapsids had very low transcriptase activity and contained only NP as a prominent protein constituent, the bulk of L and P proteins not being retained. The L and P proteins were isolated by sequential treatment of the virions with low- and high-salt detergent followed twice by successive chromatography on phosphocellulose column and examined for their effect on RNA synthesis in a standard transcriptase system using the nucleocapsids as template. When both L and P proteins were added to the template, the RNA synthetic activity was greatly stimulated. P protein alone could not enhance but rather suppressed the activity. L protein exhibited stimulation to some extent but due to residual small amount of P protein in both L protein fraction and the template it has not been elucidated whether L protein could function as a polymerase by itself. These results indicate that both L and P proteins are required to reconstitute a fully active transcriptive complex with a functional template. Attempts have been made to isolate intracellular transcriptive complex from NDV-infected MDBK cells and to determine the protein species involved. The active complex has been recovered neither from cytoplasmic extract obtained by hypotonic disruption nor from Triton X-100 soluble fraction of the cells. However, we could isolate the complex from an extract by double detergents (Tween 40 and deoxycholate) solubilization. The complex contained L, P, and NP as virus specific proteins and several cellular proteins. These results support the concept that both L and P proteins are required for NDV-RNA synthesis and suggest further that the intracellular transcriptive complex may be associated with some cellular structure resistant to Triton X-100 but sensitive to the double detergents, presumably cytoskeletal frame work. PMID- 6683908 TI - What is the prospective impact of the recombinant DNA technique on the production of human plasma derivatives? Which are the derivates where donor plasma could be replaced? PMID- 6683905 TI - Early embryonic mortality in the cow: its relationship with progesterone concentration. AB - For the cow, fertilisation rates are generally reported to be close to 90 per cent while average calving rates fall within the range of 50 to 60 per cent. Thus, embryonic and fetal deaths account for about 75 per cent of all reproductive wastage, following a single breeding. Early embryonic death (within 20 days of fertilisation) would seem to account for about 75 to 80 per cent of all embryonic and fetal deaths and results in a substantial loss in production. The literature relating to some possible genetic and environmental causes of embryo death is briefly reviewed. The relationship between progesterone level and the initiation and maintenance of pregnancy is discussed and some data are presented. PMID- 6683909 TI - [Clinical symptoms and course of suppurative meningitis in children]. PMID- 6683910 TI - [Preliminary results of prostaglandin E1 therapy in peripheral obliterating arteriopathy]. AB - Prostaglandin E1 was given intraarterially to twenty persons with severe peripheral ischaemia at risk of requiring amputation of a limb for ischaemic ulcers or necrosis. All patients had received conventional therapy without success before PG E1 treatment. An average dose of 6.14 ng/kg/min of PG E1 was given intraarterially for 2 hrs daily over a period of six days. In fifteen cases PG E1 therapy resulted in complete or partial healing of the ulcers and necrotic areas while the patients no longer suffered from pain at rest. No beneficial effects of PG E1 treatment were seen in five patients. In these cases cases multiple arterial occlusions, caused by arteriosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, existed, in more than three levels. Side effects like pain in the infused limb and swelling of the extremity occurred in fourteen patients, but were reversible in each case. PMID- 6683912 TI - [Sporadic occurrence of benign myopathy with early contractures (Emery, Dreifuss and Rotthauwe)]. AB - A myopathy which sporadically appeared in a young male corresponds clinically, electromyographically, histologically and cardiologically to the rare picture of the X-chromosomally recessive benign myopathy with early contractures. The coordination to the clinical picture mentioned and the genetic advice, taking into consideration the X-chromosomally recessive heredity, are discussed and proved. PMID- 6683913 TI - [Angioleiomyosarcoma of the skin and subcutaneous tissue]. PMID- 6683914 TI - [Acute abdomen caused by an intrauterine device]. AB - Case report about late complications caused by lying intrauterine devices (IUD). Ileus by strangulation represents a rare event when a closed IUD has perforated partially. A pelvic roentgenographic examination alone is not sufficient in order to give an estimation of the present position of the IUD. Results of hysterography and ultrasonographic examinations should be taken into account as well. PMID- 6683915 TI - The effect of balloon catheter trauma on surface ultrastructure and fibrinolytic activity in the caval vein in rats. AB - Surgical procedures in veins such as thrombectomy are followed by a high complication rate. Re-occlusion is not uncommon in spite of primarily successful thrombectomy. The venous endothelium is damaged by the thrombotic process and the mechanical trauma from the balloon will be additive. The endothelial cells are the source of fibrinolytic activators. The present study compared changes in fibrinolytic activity in the vessel walls from the caval veins in rats to ultrastructural changes as seen in the scanning electron microscope. The balloon caused an almost complete denudation of the intima and the lesions were fully covered with platelets 1 hour after trauma. After 3 days reendothelialization had started. The fibrinolytic activity was significantly decreased at 1 and 24 hours following trauma. Reendothelialization was accompanied by return to normal fibrinolytic activity. PMID- 6683911 TI - Regression of casein and cholesterol-induced hypercholesterolaemia in rabbits. AB - Hypercholesterolaemia was induced in rabbits by feeding semipurified diets containing soy protein plus cholesterol (0.8 g/kg) or casein for four weeks. Subsequently for a period of six weeks, some of the rabbits were transferred to diets containing soy protein while others continued to receive the hypercholesterolaemic diets to which was added a mixture of amino acids (g/kg feed; glycine, 3.9; arginine, 6.9 and alanine, 1.6). Such additions increased the concentration of these amino acids in the casein diet to that in the hypocholesterolaemic soy protein diet. The cholesterol levels in the serum of the rabbits transferred to the soy protein diets declined rapidly, becoming significantly different from animals remaining on the hypercholesterolaemic diets after only three days. Serum cholesterol levels comparable to those in rabbits fed soy protein throughout the entire experiment were reached after about two weeks. The addition of the amino acids tended to reduce the concentration of cholesterol in the serum of the rabbits made hypercholesterolaemic by feeding the diets containing either casein or cholesterol. However, the effect reached significance only with the diet containing casein to which amino acids were added and then only at one time point. Six weeks after the cholesterol-fed animals were transferred to the cholesterol-free soy protein diet or to the diet containing the additional amino acids, apo E disappeared from the IDL1 (1.006 less than d less than 1.012 g/ml) and IDL2 (1.012 less than d less than 1.019 g/ml) fractions, but not from the VLDL fraction. Both with the cholesterol-free soy protein diet and the cholesterol diet fortified with amino acids, cholesterol in the VLDL fraction was reduced to values seen in animals fed the soy protein diet throughout the entire experimental period. The amount of cholesterol in the IDL and LDL fractions was decreased only in the soy protein group. Replacement of casein by soy protein, or the addition of amino acids to the casein diet did not induce the disappearance of apo E from the IDL or VLDL fractions. Only the soy protein diet lowered the amount of cholesterol in the VLDL and LDL fractions appreciably. It is concluded that the amount of apo E present in both IDL and VLDL does not invariably correlate with the level of serum cholesterol in rabbits. This study also indicates that the hypercholesterolaemic nature of casein resides only partially in the fact that it contains relatively low proportions of glycine, alanine and arginine compared with soy protein. PMID- 6683916 TI - The effect of active and passive immunization against oxytocin on ovarian cyclicity in ewes. AB - Active and passive immunization of ewes against oxytocin prolonged the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle, as evaluated by oestrus behaviour and determination of progesterone. Between the animals there was a high variability in response. In general animals with prolonged cycles had lower concentrations of free oxytocin. But in some animals oxytocin antibodies had no effect on cyclicity. Therefore, an individual minimal threshold concentration for oxytocin was presumed. In control or treated animals circulating oxytocin concentrations increased parallel with progesterone concentrations but decreased earlier during the mid luteal phase of the cycle. A new increase in oxytocin concentrations was only observed if a new corpus luteum was formed. PMID- 6683917 TI - Sex hormone binding globulin in arterial, and in peripheral, hepatic, renal and spermatic venous blood of children and adults. AB - Human sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was measured in arterial serum and in serum obtained from different venous territories. In 6 children, SHBG ranged from 44.4 +/- 4.8 (mean +/- SD) in arterial blood to 55.3 +/- 5.3 in the hepatic vein (P less than 0.01), while it did not change significantly in renal or peripheral tissue venous blood. In 6 male adults, no significant arteriovenous differences were found either in the peripheral tissues or in the splanchnic circulation. In the spermatic vein of 8 subjects, SHGB was significantly lower (17.1 +/- 5.7) than in the arterial blood (22.8 +/- 7.5), P less than 0.025. The arterio-venous difference found in the splanchnic circulation of children supports the hepatic origin of SHBG, and also suggests extra-hepatic clearance of the binding globulin. Testicular uptake of SHBG might be necessary to regulate delivery of androgens to Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules. PMID- 6683918 TI - Elastica-positive material in the atrial endocardium. Light and electron microscopic identification. AB - The elastic layer of the endocardium is studied in various laboratory animals (mouse, rat, rabbit, cat, and dog) and in man. Coarse elastica-positive fibers form a tightly woven layer in the endocardium of the left atrium; the elastic layer consists of loosely arranged delicate fibers in the endocardium of the right atrium. Electron microscopy shows the elastic material to consist of homogeneous elastin (E) and of elastic fiber microfibrils (EFM). Elastic material in the endocardium of the left atrium is mainly formed of E with few EFM present. By contrast, the portion of EFM predominated that of E in elastic fibers from the right atrium, where some elastica-positive fibers even appear as pure bundles of microfibrils. This was also observed in human material obtained from aged individuals (8th decennium). It is concluded that EFM are not only progenitors of E but represent an independent fibrous component of the connective tissue. PMID- 6683920 TI - Experimental model for the study of otitis media with effusion. PMID- 6683921 TI - Secretory otitis media. PMID- 6683919 TI - Ultrastructural morphology of amyloid fibrils from neuritic and amyloid plaques. AB - The structure of partially purified, CNS amyloid fibrils from three different sources have been compared by negative stain EM. The fibrils isolated from brains with senile dementia of Alzheimer type were 4-8 nm in diameter, narrowing every 30-40 nm and apparently composed of two 2-4 nm filaments. The fibrils from a Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome brain were 7-9 nm in diameter, narrowing every 70 80 nm and with a suggestion that they are composed of two 3-5 nm filaments. The fibrils isolated from 87V scrapie-affected mouse brains were 4-8 nm in diameter with a twist every 15-25 nm presumably composed of two 2-4 nm filaments. The fibrils from the scrapie brains were usually observed in pairs. The shape of the clusters of the isolated amyloid fibrils observed in each disease was similar in negative stain and thin section EM preparations and was related to the characteristic morphology of the amyloid fibrils in the neuritic and amyloid plaques in situ. The structural differences between the CNS amyloid fibrils from the various diseases studied by us may reflect differences in the polypeptides which comprise the fibril and/or a different pathogenesis in the formation of the amyloid fibrils. PMID- 6683922 TI - [Clinical and histopathological considerations on intra-arterial cisplatin therapy followed by surgery in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx]. PMID- 6683923 TI - [Comparative studies on drug release from tablets in vitro and its biological availability. II. Biological availability of sodium salicylate from tablets of various formulations]. PMID- 6683924 TI - Thromboxane synthetase inhibitors in septic shock. AB - Thromboxane (TX) has been reported to cause mortality in endotoxin or septic shock. Cyclooxygenase inhibition improves survival in gram-negative or gram positive shock. The exact level in the prostaglandin system of which the protection occurs is unknown. This study was designed to compare the effects of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin, IND) to a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (IMI) on survival and on the production of Tx and prostacyclin (PGI2) in a clinically relevant rat gram-negative sepsis model. Three groups were studied: 1) control (N = 35) animals received E coli only; 2) IND (N = 35) treated animals received 3 mg/kg IP; 3) IMI (N = 35) treated animals received 30 mg/kg IP. All drugs were given 1 h after an IP injection of E coli (LD70) organisms. In this model only IND significantly improved survival. IND and IMI significantly blocked the production of Tx seen in septic shock. IND blocked PGI2 production whereas IMI increased the production. These results show that Tx may not be important in the irreversible stages of shock. Shunting prostaglandin production to PGI2 with thromboxane synthetase inhibitors needs to be considered when using this group of compounds. The mechanism of protection by IND remains unknown. PMID- 6683926 TI - Comparison of actions of soy protein and casein on metabolism of plasma lipoproteins and cholesterol in humans. AB - Several reports claim that vegetable proteins cause a lowering of plasma cholesterol when substituted for animal proteins. The present study was carried out to determine whether soy proteins alter plasma lipoproteins or cholesterol balance when compared to casein protein in humans investigated on a metabolic ward. Fourteen men were studied in two periods, each of 1 month's duration. In period I the diet contained 30% of calories as fat (in the form of lard), 55% as carbohydrate and 15% as casein protein. Period II was identical except that soy protein was used instead of casein. Ten patients had normal levels of plasma triglycerides with varying concentrations of plasma cholesterol. The substitution of soy protein for casein protein produced no consistent change in plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, or high density lipoprotein. Estimated synthetic rates of cholesterol and bile acids also were unchanged. In contrast, soy protein caused a significant lowering of plasma triglycerides in three of four patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Thus, the only significant alteration induced by soy proteins in this study was a reduction of plasma triglycerides when levels were elevated; soy proteins had no discernable effects on the metabolism of cholesterol. PMID- 6683925 TI - Follicular growth and intraovarian and extraovarian oocyte release after daily injections of melatonin and 6-chloro-melatonin in the Syrian hamster. AB - Groups of adult female Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were injected daily at 17:00 hr with 2.5, 15, or 25 micrograms of melatonin (Mel) or 6-chloro melatonin (Cl-Mel) for 12 weeks. An ovary from each animal was completely serially sectioned for light microscopic investigation. Judging from the presence of corpora lutea, there were some animals in each group that continued to cycle, although the postestrous, white mucous discharge had disappeared. Noncycling animals were most often found in the 25-micrograms group of Cl-Mel. Only uterine weights of noncycling animals treated with either 25 or 15 micrograms of Mel or Cl-Mel were statistically significantly depressed versus controls. Cl-Mel (25 micrograms) significantly suppressed the total number and size of antral follicles (P less than 0.05). Follicular ruptures with incomplete or complete release of the oocyte out of the follicular compartment were observed. The oocyte release occurred either into the ovary ("intraovarian oocyte release: IOR") or outside of the ovary ("extraovarian oocyte release: EOR"). Compared with controls, the total number of IOR was increased in all experimental groups with the exception of the 2.5-micrograms group of Cl-Mel. IOR appeared in both preantral and antral follicles, and often IOR was complete. In controls, only preantral follicles were involved in IOR; these were primarily incomplete ones. IOR was seen in cycling and noncycling animals. By contrast, EOR was exclusively observed in noncycling hamsters. It is concluded that the cessation of postestrous, white mucous discharge is not necessarily an index for a halt in cyclic ovarian function. Injections of 25 micrograms of Cl-Mel are more effective than 25 micrograms of Mel in suppressing ovarian function. Both Mel and Cl-Mel increase the frequency of IOR. Finally, noncycling hamsters show EOR that is regarded as an abnormal ovulation. PMID- 6683927 TI - Thrombocytopenic purpura with giant platelets and ultrastructural platelet defects. AB - The case of a patient with thrombocytopenia and giant platelets is presented. Platelet function tests including bleeding time, aggregation, availability of PF3, and serotonin uptake and release were abnormal. A bone marrow aspirate showed megakaryocytes that while not increased in number, were young in appearance. Electron microscopy of platelets revealed a dilated surface connecting canalicular system and a prominent membrane complex. No similar findings were encountered among the patient's relatives. The various diagnostic possibilities in this patient are discussed. PMID- 6683929 TI - The Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome. AB - Recently we evaluated a Saudi Arabian family in which a severely affected male and a more mildly affected set of monozygotic (MZ) female twins had manifestations of the Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome including short stature, hypotonia, mental deficiency, coarse facial appearance with a prominent brow ridge, and large ears. We present clinical, radiographic, electroencephalographic, and endocrinologic data to further delineate this condition and set forth the manifestations of two normal, presumably heterozygous, females. PMID- 6683928 TI - Lupus erythematosus-like disease due to hydrazine. AB - A case of systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease due to occupational exposure to hydrazine is described. The patient had four of the 1982 revised criteria for SLE (malar rash, photosensitivity, antinuclear antibody, and antibody to nDNA) and genetically is a slow acetylator with the HLA DR2,3 phenotype. Many of her healthy family members had antibodies to nuclear constituents. Lymphocytes from the patient and an identical twin sister, but not from three normal control subjects, showed inhibition of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated IgG synthesis after five daily exposures of each subject to hydrazine. Chemicals such as hydrazine in the environment can induce cases of SLE-like disease in predisposed persons. PMID- 6683930 TI - New section on animal models. PMID- 6683931 TI - Prevalence and pattern of unstable urethral pressure in one hundred seventy-four gynecologic patients referred for urodynamic investigation. AB - Simultaneous urethrocystometry was performed in 174 gynecologic patients who complained of lower urinary tract symptoms. Thirty-five patients (20%) had a urethral pressure that fluctuated 20 cm H2O or more at two or more registrations. The degree of instability varied during urethrocystometry and from recording to recording in the same patient. No statistical difference was found between urethral pressure variation at 100 ml bladder volume, during bladder filling, or at bladder capacity. The prevalences of unstable urethral pressure in sensory urge incontinence and stress incontinence were 56% and 12%, respectively. The difference is highly significant. The prevalence of unstable urethral pressure in motor urge incontinence was 29%, and that in mixed incontinence was 22%. Three patients had unstable urethra, and six patients had unstable urethral pressure as the only sign. Thus, unstable urethral pressure can be considered to be a permanent sign that is recorded relatively often in patients with urinary incontinence. It may be an important part of the underlying mechanism in sensory urge incontinence and may, perhaps, be considered to be a clinical condition in itself. PMID- 6683932 TI - The effect of uterovaginal prolapse on urethrovesical pressure dynamics. AB - Complete urodynamic evaluations were performed on patients with severe uterovaginal prolapse with the prolapse protruding and after reduction with a pessary. These results were compared with those from patients with genuine stress incontinence without prolapse. There was a significant increase in urethral closure pressure in patients with prolapse on the assumption of a more erect posture or on Valsalva maneuver. The opposite relationship was observed in patients with genuine stress incontinence in whom the urethral closure pressure significantly decreased under similar conditions. These results strongly suggest that the mechanism of continence in patients with significant prolapse is urethral obstruction. Reduction of the prolapse with a pessary can differentiate those patients who will require urethrovesical neck suspension. PMID- 6683933 TI - Thrombocytopenia and infant platelet count. PMID- 6683934 TI - Effect of trabecular photocoagulation on the aqueous humor dynamics of the human eye. AB - A group of 17 patients (ten men and seven women, ranging in age from 56 to 79 years) who had either chronic simple glaucoma or open-angle glaucoma and the exfoliation syndrome (pseudexfoliation) underwent argon laser trabeculoplasty in one eye each. Shortly before and three months after this procedure, both eyes underwent a number of tests to determine the physiologic status of the aqueous circulation, the blood-ocular barrier, and the cornea. A therapeutically significant decrease in intraocular pressure was observed in nine of the 17 treated eyes (mean pretreatment value for the 17 eyes, 21 +/- 5 mm Hg; mean posttreatment value, 14 +/- 4 mm Hg). This decrease was associated with an improvement in the tonographic facility of outflow (mean pretreatment value, 0.11 +/- 0.05 microliter/min/mm Hg; mean posttreatment value, 0.18 +/- 0.08 microliter/min/mm Hg). Apparent resistance to aqueous outflow decreased from a mean pretreatment value of 14.2 +/- 4.5 min . mm Hg/microliter to mean posttreatment value of 9.2 +/- 3.0 min . mm Hg/microliter). The other variables showed only small, statistically insignificant changes. PMID- 6683935 TI - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. PMID- 6683936 TI - Serous otitis: are tubes the answer? PMID- 6683937 TI - The role of IgE mediated hypersensitivity in recurrent otitis media with effusion. PMID- 6683939 TI - Studies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of antiplatelet antibody and transient neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease of platelets. Transplacental passage of the antibody during pregnancy can result in transient neonatal thrombocytopenia, but it is not known why some infants of antibody-positive, thrombocytopenic mothers are not affected. We have developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure circulating antiplatelet antibody and have used this technique to investigate the influence of maternal titers on the occurrence of neonatal thrombocytopenia. The assay is sensitive over a range of 12.5 to 800 ng of immunoglobulin G (IgG) per microtiter well and closely correlates with the complement lysis inhibition assay (CLIA) for antiplatelet antibody (correlation coefficient = 0.726). In many instances, the level of circulating antiplatelet antibody in maternal and cord bloods reflected the degree of maternal and neonatal thrombocytopenia, but several important exceptions were observed. We suggest that levels of antiplatelet antibody in the maternal blood and cord blood are not always predictive of the degree of neonatal thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6683938 TI - Neural control of renal excretory function during behavioral stress in conscious dogs. AB - The renal and neural mechanisms underlying the excretory response to behavioral stress (aversive conditioning) were examined in 30 conscious dogs. Twenty-one dogs decreased urine flow more than 20% during stress, whereas 9 dogs showed less than a 10% decrease. In 11 of the 21 renal-reactive dogs, decreases in urine flow (42%) and sodium excretion (45%) were associated with unchanged glomerular filtration (-1.5%; GFR; inulin clearance) and effective renal blood flow (-4%; RBF; p-aminohippurate clearance). In the other 10 renal-reactive dogs, similar declines in urine flow (54%) and sodium excretion (52%) occurred with decreases in GFR (24%) and RBF (27%). Among all 30 dogs, greater increases in cardiovascular activity during stress were associated with greater decreases in renal excretion. Surgical renal denervation abolished the excretory response to stress in 4 of 5 dogs. These findings suggest that excretory responses in most dogs are mediated 1) primarily via increased tubular reabsorption rather than decreased GFR, 2) via central integration with cardiovascular responses, and 3) via the renal nerves. PMID- 6683940 TI - Cryopreservation of third-stage larvae of Brugia malayi and Dipetalonema viteae. AB - Methods are described for the cryopreservation of third-stage larvae of Brugia malayi. Optimum conditions utilized larvae free from the mosquito host frozen at the rate of -1 degree or -0.8 degrees C per min in medium containing 9% dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.004 M polyvinylpyrrolidone. Nonfrozen or thawed larvae were inoculated intraperitoneally into jirds (Meriones unguiculatus), the thawed larvae after cryogenic storage for 5-378 days. In general, the percentage of adult worms recovered at necropsy was comparable between the two groups and ranged from a mean of 6-9% of the larval inoculum. In addition, three of four patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) inoculated with thawed B. malayi larvae developed patent infections. The cryopreservation of third-stage larvae of Dipetalonema viteae also is discussed. PMID- 6683941 TI - Phaeohyphomycotic cyst: a clinicopathologic study of the first four cases described from Brazil. AB - Four cases of phaeohyphomycosis in the form of chronic and isolated cysts are presented. The cysts were strictly confined to the subcutaneous tissue, with no involvement of the corresponding skin. Patients were asymptomatic, without satellite lesions or regional lymphadenopathy. The clinicopathologic importance of this type of phaeohyphomycosis is discussed. As far as we know, our cases are the first described from Brazil. PMID- 6683943 TI - Transovarial transmission of Rio Grande virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) by the sand fly, Lutzomyia anthophora. AB - The growth of Rio Grande (RG) virus, the only phlebovirus known to occur in the United States, was studied in Lutzomyia anthophora, its suspected sand fly vector. RG viral titers in infected flies increased more than 10,000-fold within 7 days after intrathoracic inoculation. Experimentally infected female L. anthophora transmitted virus transovarially (vertically) to 54.8% of their F1 progeny. This is the first virologically confirmed demonstration of transovarial transmission of a phlebovirus by sand flies. It indicates one mechanism by which RG and possibly other phleboviruses may be maintained in nature. PMID- 6683944 TI - [Pericentric inversion of chromosome 6 in women with spontaneous abortions]. PMID- 6683945 TI - [Combination of catamenial (monthly) hemoptysis with the galactorrhea endometriosis syndrome. A case report]. PMID- 6683942 TI - Phaeohyphomycosis in El Salvador caused by Exophiala spinifera. AB - We identified Exophiala spinifera as the causal agent in a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in El Salvador. Identification was based on the morphology of the fungus in tissue and the microscopic features of the culture obtained from the biopsy material. This case is the first of this type to be documented from Central America. PMID- 6683947 TI - Regional histology of the epididymis of the dog. A light microscope study. AB - The aim of the present paper was the study of the epididymis of the dog, at the optimal microscope level. It was found that the epididymis of th dog has 3 distinct segments: initial, middle and terminal. Each segment could be readily distinguished on the basis its morphological appearance of the epithelial lining. PMID- 6683948 TI - Complications of retrograde contrast urethrography in dogs and cats. AB - Urinary bladder lesions varying histologically from a focal hemorrhagic cystitis to a diffuse transmural fibrinonecrotic cystitis were encountered in 11 of 14 dogs and cats euthanatized 1 day after retrograde urethrography. Focal-to-diffuse hemorrhagic urethritis was histologically encountered in 14 of 14 dogs and cats euthanatized 1 day after retrograde urethrography. Lesions in the urinary bladder and urethra were not reversible within 14 days and were evident histologically in 10 of 15 urinary bladders and 11 of 15 urethras of dogs and cats euthanatized 14 days after retrograde urethrography. During urethrography, iatrogenic mural leakage of contrast media into the bladder wall or bladder wall rupture was encountered radiographically in 6 of 15 dogs and 3 of 14 cats. However, macroscopic evidence of bladder rupture was encountered in only 1 male dog at necropsy. Immediately after retrograde urethrography, macroscopic hematuria occurred in 12 of 15 dogs and 9 of 14 cats. Microscopic hematuria was not encountered in dogs or cats euthanatized 14 days after urethrography. Pyuria was encountered less frequently and was present in only 2 cats euthanatized 14 days after urethrography. One day after urethrography, urinary tract infection characterized by urine cultures with greater than 10(5) microbes/ml was encountered in 4 of 29 dogs and cats. All animals with urinary tract infection were female dogs or cats. At day 14, only 1 female cat had a positive urine culture. Seemingly, the technique of retrograde urethrography was the cause of the encountered lesions. PMID- 6683946 TI - [Epidemiologic and evolutive aspects of secreting otitis]. PMID- 6683949 TI - [Efficacy and failure of phenobarbital in the prevention of febrile convulsions. Importance of familial antecedents]. AB - The authors analyze the value of phenobarbital for prophylaxis of new convulsions in a group of 370 patients who had previously had febrile seizures. Percentage of recurrences in phenobarbital treated cases (4 +/- 0,6 mg/Kg/d) was 18,67%, versus 55,89% in untreated children (p less than 0.001). The presence of family history of epileptic or febrile seizures is a risk factor (p less than 0.01) that facilitates failure of phenobarbital prophilaxis in future febrile seizures. PMID- 6683950 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in the Province of Granada]. AB - Authors make a retrospective study in 18 children with kala-azar, considering in every case the following epidemiological aspects: age, sex, situation, time of the year and lethality. They have also studied the vector of this disease in some points in Granada and after an adequate study concluded that the main vector of the kala-azar in the investigated zone is "Phlebotomus perniciosus". They have detected as well a new species in Spain, "Plebotomus longicuspis", with a slight epidemiological interest. Finally both investigations are compared finding two zones in Granada (the town and the coast) where most of the cases of kala-azar, are agglutinated and where main species of the vectors were found. PMID- 6683951 TI - [Female urinary incontinence and sex disorders: data from a urodynamic and psychoanalytic evaluation]. PMID- 6683952 TI - [Regulatory proteins of the cytoskeleton system and their changes associated with carcinogenesis]. AB - Microfilaments are known to participate in several cellular functions. Proteins which cross-link, sever or cap F-actin filaments, and those inhibit polymerization of G-actin may regulate intracellular distribution, length and amount of F-actin to cope with wide varieties of cellular functions of microfilaments. Actinogelin, a calcium-regulated crosslinking protein of F-actin, was discovered in and purified from Ehrlich tumor cells. Native molecule of the protein was found to be consisted of two 110,000-115,000 dalton subunits. Gelation of F-actin can be induced by the addition of the purified protein, and this can be inhibited by Ca2+ (half maximal inhibition, 2 microM). Actinogelin is distributed in several types of cells including fibroblasts, epithelial cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. This protein is found to localize at crossing or converging points of stress fibers (bundle of microfilaments) by immunofluorescence staining using anti-actinogelin antibody. Adhesion plaques of fibroblasts are also stained. Since oncogene product of Rous sarcoma virus, pp 60src, is also present in adhesion plaques, possible phosphorylation of actinogelin in a RSV-transformed cells was studied by the immunoblotting technique. It was found that phosphorylation of actinogelin occurred only at permissive temperature. This modification of the protein might be a cause of disappearance of stress fibers from cancer cells. PMID- 6683953 TI - [Adjuvant chemotherapy for localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with CVP therapy]. AB - Fifty-two patients with localized (stage I-II) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with a combination of vincristine, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone (VCP) as an adjuvant therapy between 1975 and 181. Forty-two patients had extended-field radiotherapy, and ten patients had only surgical excision (6 gastrointestinal tract, 2 breast, one each of skin and axillary lymph node). Clinical stages of these patients were divided into stage I (21 patients) and stage II (31 patients). With a median follow-up time of relapse-free survival (RFS) were calculated by Kaplan and Meier method. At two years after the initiation of chemotherapy, survival and RFS were 95% and 83% for stage I, and 76% and 74% for stage II, respectively. These ratios remained stable for 7 years. Survival and RFS of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (34 patients) were 90% and 83% at 7 years, while these of diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (18 patients) were 75% and 69% at 4 years. Of 52 patients, 10 had relapsed (Stage I: 3 patients and stage II: 7 patients) within the first 2 years. Side effect was minimal with moderate peripheral neuropathy due to vincristine. The result suggests that adjuvant chemotherapy is necessary to improve prognosis of patients with localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 6683954 TI - [Chemotherapy for advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with CVP therapy]. AB - Thirty-one patients with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with a combination chemotherapy (VCP therapy), including vincristine (1 mg, weekly), cyclophosphamide (350mg/m2, IV every two weeks) and prednisolone (60mg/day, 1-5 days PO, every two weeks), as an out-patient basis, from May 1974 to October 1977. Characteristics of 31 patients were as follows: median age (56 years), histological types by Rappaport's classification (nodular 2, diffuse 29, NPDL 2, DWDL 5, DPDL 10 and DH 14), clinical stages (II 4, III 9, IV 18), systemic symptoms (A 13, B 18), extranodal presentation (28) and prior treatment (17). Response was evaluated in 28 patients with measurable disease. Complete response (CR) was obtained in 15 patients (53%) and partial response (PR) in 5 (18%). Median time to CR was 20 (6-79) days, and response duration of CR was 14 (1.5 78+) months. Survival time was 19 (1-76) months for all patients, 26 (3-78) months for patients with CR, 9 (3-51) months for patients with PR, and 4 (1-41) months for non-responders. Survival of complete responders was significantly better than that of patients with non-CR. Survival rates of complete responders were 80% (1 year), and 47% (3 year). Toxicities of VCP therapy were relatively mild and reversible with peripheral neuropathy, hair loss and leukopenia. The results indicate that it is necessary to perform more intensive combination chemotherapy adding potent agents for a higher CR rate and a longer CR duration. PMID- 6683955 TI - Effects of a continuous estrogen-progestogen therapy for climacteric symptoms on circulating sex steroids and gonadotrophins. AB - Twenty-six peri- and postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms were given each day for 1 year a tablet containing 2 mg 17-beta-estradiol, 1 mg estriol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate. Blood samples were collected before, after 3 months and after 12 months of treatment and were analysed for their gonadotrophins, estradiol, estrone, testosterone, androstenedione content and for their SHBG binding capacity. Serum levels of estrone and androstenedione before treatment were found to be higher in the perimenopausal than in the postmenopausal group. An increase of serum estrogens concomitant with a decrease of gonadotrophins was noted. The estrone/estradiol ratios after 3 and 12 months of treatment were 5.3 and 4.7, respectively. A decrease in the serum concentration of testosterone and androstenedione was recorded during treatment. The reduction of gonadotrophins, especially LH, might have been responsible for the reduction in circulating androgens. The reduction of serum levels of androgens during the present long term replacement therapy could be of metabolic importance. PMID- 6683956 TI - [The single umbilical artery. Apropos of 194 observations]. PMID- 6683957 TI - [Panhypopituitarism in one of 2 monozygotic twins]. AB - Anterior panhypopituitarism has been observed in one of monozygous twin girls. Etiologic investigations were negative and only suggested an hypothetic perinatal insult. Genetic abnormalities could be excluded. Replacement therapy with human growth hormone was strikingly successful, with a remarkable catch-up growth and, however, a velocity of bone age comparable with the velocity of growth. PMID- 6683958 TI - [Functional spontaneous splenorenal anastomosis in portal hypertension due to cavernoma. Apropos of 5 cases reports]. AB - Natural splenorenal shunts were observed in 5 children with portal vein obstruction. In all 5 cases, 1 or several criteria were found suggesting that such anastomoses were functional. For a better understanding of the spontaneous improvement of some children with portal vein obstruction, it would be advisable repeat radiologic, fiberoptic and ultrasonographic investigations at regular intervals in such children. PMID- 6683959 TI - [Robinow's syndrome. Apropos of a case with thrombopenia]. AB - We report on a 17 month-old boy with Robinow' syndrome characterized by mild dwarfism, brachymelia, frontal bossing, hypertelorism, upturned nose, gingivodental, vertebral and bone age abnormalities, hypoplastic genitalia with normal gestation, birth weight and length and intelligence. There was an unusual association with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and splenomegaly. PMID- 6683960 TI - [Ventricular arrhythmia in a group of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. AB - A possible connection between M-mode echocardiographs and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was investigated in a group of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. No single echocardiographic parameter could identify the patients with serious ventricular arrhythmias. Multivaried discriminatory analysis revealed the extent of the septal excursion, the telediastolic thickness of the interventricular septum, the E-F incline and the dimension of the left atrium as the most significant echocardiographic features identifying patients with serious ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 6683961 TI - Auditory nerve and brainstem-evoked responses before and after middle ear corrective surgery. AB - Auditory brainstem response (ABR) recordings were made in two groups of middle ear pathology--middle ear effusion and otospongiosis before and after rehabilitation surgery. The ability of ABR recordings to quantify the hearing improvement (threshold and latency) after insertion of ventilating tubes and after stapedioplasty is demonstrated. PMID- 6683962 TI - Trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitors from the tick, Boophilus microplus. AB - The eggs of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, contain at least two proteolytic enzyme inhibitors which have been purified and partially characterized. One of these is closely related to an inhibitor from larval ticks previously purified. It is similar in general properties, in amino acid composition and it cross-reacts immunologically with the larval protein. The egg and larval proteins are, however, largely or completely stage-specific. The significance of this to the study of the host-parasite interaction is discussed. PMID- 6683963 TI - [Contribution to the etiology of acute mastitis in the bitch]. PMID- 6683964 TI - Regulation of cholesterol synthesis in the liver and mammary gland of the lactating rat. AB - The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase; EC 1.1.1.34) in the lactating mammary gland of rats killed between 10:00 and 14:30 h was 2-3 times that in the livers of the same animals. In contrast, after injection of 3H2O in vivo, the rate of appearance of 3H in the cholesterol of the gland was much lower than that in the liver. In the mammary gland of virgin and non-lactating animals, the activity of HMG-CoA reductase was less than 10% of that of the lactating gland. The activity of HMG-CoA reductase in the lactating mammary gland was significantly (P less than 0.005) lower at midnight than at mid day, and appeared to show an inverse relationship to the activity of the liver enzyme. However, there was no corresponding change in the incorporation of 3H into the gland cholesterol. Withdrawal of food for 6h had no effect on the activity of HMG-CoA reductase in the lactating mammary gland, but resulted in a significant decrease (P less than 0.005) in that of the liver. Starvation of lactating rats for 24h produced a significant decrease (P less than 0.005) in the activity of the enzyme in both organs. There was also a significant decline in the rate at which 3H2O was incorporated in vivo into the cholesterol of both organs (liver, P less than 0.05; gland, P less than 0.005). Giving a high-fat palatable diet together with chow to lactating animals led to a decline in HMG CoA reductase activity in the mammary gland, but not in liver. This decrease in the gland was not accompanied by a corresponding decline in the apparent rate of cholesterol synthesis. PMID- 6683967 TI - Structure-activity relationships in a series of anti-inflammatory N arylanthranilic acids. AB - A large series of N-arylanthranilic acids has been prepared. Many of these compounds show high anti-inflammatory activity as measured by the anti-UV erythema test. From this series have come the clinically useful non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, flufenamic acid (Arlef), mefenamic acid (Ponstel), and the latest and most potent agent, N-(2,6-dichloro-m-tolyl)anthranilic acid (meclofenamic acid, Meclomen = the sodium salt). The structure-activity relationships of this series is discussed and a graphical representation is presented which allows the prediction of activity of new agents. PMID- 6683965 TI - Amino acid sequence homology between rat prostatic steroid binding protein and rabbit uteroglobin. AB - Using a computer program designed to detect evolutionary relationships between proteins, I find that the polypeptide chain of rabbit uteroglobin has amino acid sequence homology with the C1 and C2 polypeptide chains of rat prostatic steroid binding protein. Using this finding I suggest several interesting approaches for studying the biology of these proteins. PMID- 6683966 TI - Crosslinking of chromosomal proteins to DNA in HeLa cells by UV gamma radiation and some antitumor drugs. AB - Immunochemical techniques were used to investigate the protein-DNA crosslinking by ultraviolet (UV) and gamma radiation as well as 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea (BCNU) or cis- and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum II (cis-DDP and trans-DDP). Antisera to 0.35 M NaCl extract and 0.35 M NaCl residue of HeLa nuclei were employed. Both gamma and UV irradiation, exposure to cis- or trans DDP and, to a lesser extent, BCNU, resulted in crosslinking of various antigens to the DNA. Although several antigens were crosslinked by all the employed agents, other exhibited agent-specific crosslinking patterns. PMID- 6683968 TI - Long-term experience with meclofenamate sodium. PMID- 6683969 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the stellate cells of the adenohypophysis in an ovariectomized woman]. AB - We have studied at the E.M. the adenohypophysis removed from a woman who had undergone bilateral ovariectomy 4 months earlier because of a disseminated breast cancer. Our study has focused on the submicroscopic aspects of follicular stellate cells, whose function has not yet been fully ascertained, though it is known from studies carried out on laboratory animals, that these cells are activated under conditions of stimulus to hyperactivity of one or more of the cell types of the adenohypothysis. In our material we have observed numerous follicular structures with variable amounts of colloid-like substance. Follicular stellate cells limiting colloid-filled cavities showed many cytoplasmic organules with hypertrophic Golgi complex, intracytoplasmic lumina, interdigitations of the cytoplasmic membranes. These aspects are consistent with a condition of hyperactivity of follicular-stellate cells due to bilateral ovariectomy. PMID- 6683970 TI - [Role of the amygdala in the sedation induced by low doses of apomorphine]. AB - In the present study the role of amygdala in the antidepressant action of imipramine is discussed. An animal model of depression is induced, in rats, by systemic injection of low doses of apomorphine. Systemic administration of imipramine prevents, as already reported, apomorphine-induced sedation. The same effect is observed following intra-amygdaloid imipramine administration. On the contrary, local injection of imipramine in frontal cortex or caudate nucleus does not affect apomorphine-induced sedation. PMID- 6683972 TI - The intake of milk by suckled, newborn lambs and the effects of twinning and cold exposure. AB - Clun Forest ewes with single and twin lambs were exposed to neutral (20 degrees) or cold (-1 degree) environmental temperatures, beginning soon after parturition, for 4 d. The intakes of milk, lactose and glycerides by the lambs were calculated from measurements of the rate of displacement of tritiated water (injected into the lambs) by non-radioactive water in milk from the ewes, and measurements of the concentration of lactose and glyceride glycerol in small samples of milk. The yield of milk from ewes bearing twin lambs was greater than the yield from single bearing ewes in the neutral environment but, in both environments, twin lambs had lower intakes of milk and milk lactose and glycerides, and gained body-weight more slowly, than single lambs. Milk from twin-bearing ewes had a lower lactose concentration than milk from single-bearing ewes. Cold exposure reduced the intake of milk and milk lactose, and reduced the rate of weight gain, of single and twin lambs. Glyceride intake was not different in the two environments. There appears to be a conflict between reduced supply of milk by the ewe and increased demand for milk by the lamb in cold temperatures. Such a conflict is sharpened when twin lambs are born. PMID- 6683971 TI - Effects of dietary changes on muricide activity in adult and young rats. AB - Recent works have showed different interrelations between dietary tryptophan intake and aggressive behaviour in different groups of rats. In this experiment the AA. have treated thirty Sprague-Dawley rats (15 youngs and 15 adults) with tryptophan free-diet, during eight weeks. Muricide activity was weekly controlled; daily food intake for all group was recorded. Young rats feeding tryptophan free-diet and young rats pairfed controls showed aggressive behaviour at the sixth week of treatment. Adult rats did not show any changes of mouse killing during the whole period of experiment. PMID- 6683973 TI - Reconstitution of glucose transport using human erythrocyte band 3. AB - Band 3 and the diffuse component of zone 4.5, designated band 4.5.B, have been separately prepared from human erythrocyte membranes and incorporated into the membranes of 150 nm 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles. The rates of glucose influx into these vesicles were measured under zero-trans conditions. Both sets of vesicles exhibited substrate-saturable transport which was inhibited by phloretin. However, the specific activity of the band 3 vesicles, 292 mumol X min-1 X (mg protein)-1, was more than twice that of the band 4.5.B vesicles, and the turnover number of transporters in the band 3 vesicles was at least 4-fold greater than those in the 4.5.B vesicles. Very little background density was visible in the band 4.5 region of erythrocyte membranes protected from degradation. In unprotected membranes, band 4.5.B was abundantly present, could be purified, and had glucose transport activity. Previously we have shown (Biochemistry 19, 1205 (1980] that maltosyl isothiocyanate, an affinity label for the glucose transporter, labelled a single 100 000 Mr protein of the intact erythrocyte membrane. Based upon the results of both affinity labelling and reconstitution we suggest that the native glucose transporter is a component of band 3, and that band 4.5.B contains a partially active fragment of the native transporter. PMID- 6683974 TI - Serum-dependent induction of plasminogen activator in human fibroblasts by catecholamines and comparison with the effects of prostaglandin E1. AB - Human foreskin fibroblasts produce the protease plasminogen activator, as shown by the ability of cell extracts to lyse 125I-labelled fibrin in the presence of plasminogen. Cellular plasminogen activator was stimulated up to 3-fold by 0.01 10 microM epinephrine, norepinephrine, or isoproterenol. Increases in plasminogen activator were slow in onset (24 h) and long-lived (greater than 48 h), and were abolished by 10 micrograms/ml of cycloheximide or 1 microgram/ml of actinomycin D, suggesting de novo synthesis of the protease. Stimulation of plasminogen activator by catecholamines was inhibited by 10 microM propranolol but not by 10 microM phentolamine, suggesting the involvement of beta-adrenergic receptors. Catecholamines stimulated plasminogen activator only in the presence of fetal bovine serum; under serum-free conditions they were inhibitory. Serum did not appear to alter the uptake and metabolism of epinephrine during incubation with fibroblasts. The ability of fetal bovine serum to support the induction of plasminogen activator by either 1 microM epinephrine or 3 microM prostaglandin E1 was maintained following dialysis but lost on heating (70 degrees C, 10 min) or acidification (pH 2.5). Human and calf sera supported the stimulatory effects of prostaglandin E1 but not of epinephrine. These results indicate that serum may influence the synthesis of plasminogen activator in cultured cells by modifying their response to vasoactive hormones. PMID- 6683975 TI - Cholesterol synthesis in the small intestine and adipose tissue of suckling rats: the effect of litter size. AB - Rats were raised in large (14/dam), medium (8/dam) and small (4/dam) litters. The rate of in vitro synthesis of cholesterol from 3H2O in the proximal and distal parts of the small intestine decreased from birth to a low 14 days later and then increased again by day 21. The rate of synthesis in both parts of the gut on day 6 after birth was lowest in the 14/dam group. On day 21 after birth the rate was highest in the 14/dam group in the proximal and lowest in the distal gut. Thus in the early postnatal period low rates of intestinal cholesterol synthesis correlate with low plasma cholesterol values. In white adipose tissue the low rate of cholesterol synthesis remained unaltered up to day 21 in the 8/dam, and 4/dam groups. However, it continuously increased in the 14/dam group being about threefold higher than in the other two groups on day 21. PMID- 6683976 TI - Rectal versus oral absorption of codeine phosphate in man. AB - Rectal absorption of codeine phosphate from various dosage forms was studied in man. The rectal dosage forms included aqueous solutions and fatty suppositories. A comparison was made with an orally administered solution. The plasma concentrations of codeine were measured by means of HPLC analysis after a single dose of 60 mg codeine phosphate in a cross-over study in 7 volunteers. Compared with oral dosing rectal absorption from an aqueous solution or a fatty suppository produced an almost identical plasma concentration profile with similar interindividual variations. Comparing the absorption rate characteristics it appeared that rectal absorption from an alkaline solution containing codeine phosphate proceeded significantly (P less than 0.05) more rapid than after oral dosing. No essential difference in bioavailability was observed between the various rectal and oral dosage forms. PMID- 6683977 TI - [Reversibility of the changes in cortical neurons in experimental alcoholic intoxication]. AB - The structure of neurons and dendrites in the sensorimotor cortex of rats was studied at varying times after completion of a 2-month alcoholic intoxication. The pathological process in the cortex was found to be under way at the early time after alcohol withdrawal. The signs of the recovery of the intracellular organization in neurons and dendrites were noticed 40 days after alcohol withdrawal. However, regardless of the fact that the structure of the most preserved neurons gets recovered 2 months after alcohol withdrawal, the structural organization of dendrites does not attain complete recovery. PMID- 6683978 TI - [Role of the midbrain reticular formation in hormonal supply to the body in conditions of chronic emotional stress]. AB - Chronic animal experiments were made to study the endocrine and electroencephalographic responses of the cortico-subcortical structures to stress before and after coagulation of the midbrain reticular formation. The operation entailed dramatic changes in both the bioelectrical responses and thyroid and adrenal responses, which were found to be differentiated. PMID- 6683979 TI - [Acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase in the nervous system of rabbits resistant to emotional stress]. AB - To study the role of acetylcholine metabolism system in the mechanisms responsible for animals' resistance to emotional stress, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase and cholinacetyltransferase (CAT) was evaluated in brain structures and autonomous vegetative nervous system of rabbits after experimental emotional stress. In the course of experiments, arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded. The rabbits whose cardiovascular functions appeared to be resistant showed an increase in the activity of AChE and CAT in the perifocal area of the hypothalamus. It is suggested that the involvement of the perifocal area of the hypothalamus in the formation of the mechanisms responsible for the resistance is linked with the effects on water salt metabolism. PMID- 6683980 TI - [Effectiveness of lithium nicotinate in the treatment of experimental alcoholism]. AB - The data on the efficacy of lithium nicotinate in therapy of experimental alcoholism are provided. The drug is capable of retarding the formation of alcoholic motivation. During treatment of psychic or physical alcoholic dependence, an antidepressant effect of the drug could be also seen. Under experimental acute alcoholic poisoning the drug attenuates the symptoms of intoxication. Antialcoholic effect of lithium nicotinate correlates with the normalization of the background EEG readings, activity of alcohol dehydrogenase, catalase, with the elevated content of the oxidized forms of NAD, NADP and the decreased level of malonic dialdehyde. The possibility of using lithium nicotinate as an antialcoholic drug is discussed. PMID- 6683981 TI - [Formation of experimental alcoholism in a population of crossbred rats]. AB - Experiments on random-bred rats were made to study the relationship between the duration of ethanol anesthesia and the time course of alcohol consumption for 8 months. Short-sleeping rats with ethanol anesthesia lasting less than 90 minutes exhibited initially high and steady alcoholic motivation. Meanwhile long-sleeping rats with ethanol anesthesia lasting over 175 minutes demonstrated high level of alcoholic motivation only under stressful conditions. After 8 months of keeping in isolated cages long-sleeping rats demonstrated the same intensity and steadiness of alcoholic motivation as was the case in short-sleeping animals. Long-sleeping rats differed from short-sleeping ones in hypersensitivity to the toxic action of ethanol. It is inferred that in random-bred rats, there are at least two forms of experimental alcoholism. PMID- 6683982 TI - The amount of platelet-bound albumin parallels the amount of IgG on washed platelets from patients with immune thrombocytopenia. AB - The biologic relevance of the increased platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) on platelets from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is unclear. Platelets from ITP patients are often larger than normal, and it is possible that the increased IgG is not specific but passively related to platelet size. The measurement of platelet-bound albumin could provide information concerning the specificity of the platelet-bound IgG, since albumin, like IgG, is a plasma protein, but unlike IgG, is not an active participant in immunologic reactions. Albumin is also a normal constituent of platelet membrane, and increased platelet albumin could indicate an increased platelet mass. Platelet bound albumin, IgG, and total platelet protein were measured on both intact and disrupted platelets from healthy individuals (n = 25) and patients with ITP (n = 21). Platelet IgG and albumin were measured in an immunoradiometric assay using intact antisera and F(ab')2 fragments prepared from the same antisera. There was no relationship between platelet-bound IgG or albumin, and platelet size measured by either platelet protein or platelet volume, (r less than 0.3 for all interactions). In contrast, there was a significant correlation between platelet bound albumin and platelet-bound IgG (r = 0.7, n = 21, p less than 0.001). Those patients with elevated platelet PAIgG also had elevated platelet albumin, and this relationship was irrespective of the total platelet protein content or mean platelet volume. It is possible that the increased platelet-bound IgG in ITP reflects an increase in platelet surface area or contaminating platelet fragments that are not manifested as an increase in platelet volume or total platelet protein. Alternatively, a platelet membrane abnormality may occur in ITP that results in the uptake of significant amounts of plasma proteins. Either possibility implies that not all of the IgG on platelets from patients with ITP is pathologic IgG. PMID- 6683983 TI - Genetics of platelet MAO activity in discordant schizophrenic and normal twins. AB - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was compared in four age and sex matched groups: monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for schizophrenia, normal MZ twins, normal dizygotic (DZ) twins and unrelated individuals. Among the twin groups, schizophrenic and normal there was a remarkably consistent degree of genetic control amounting to 70-80 per cent of the variation in activity. The mean platelet MAO activity of the schizophrenic twins was significantly lower than that of controls, but not than that of their psychiatrically well, neuroleptic-free cotwins; indeed the correlation for the MZ twins discordant for schizophrenia was almost exactly the same as that for the normal MZs. Thus, lower platelet MAO activity in schizophrenia, where it is found, is genetically modulated and not the result of the illness or its treatment. PMID- 6683984 TI - Assessment of right ventricular function and anatomy using peripheral vein infusion of krypton 81m. AB - A method for imaging the right side of the heart (atrium, ventricle and main pulmonary artery) and for assessment of RV systolic function (ejection fraction and ejection rate) is described. An ultra-short-lived isotope (81Krm) is continuously eluted in 5% dextrose and infused into an ante-cubital arm vein; standard multigated images are acquired using a gamma camera and commercially available software. Preliminary evaluation of the method in 55 subjects (20 with repaired tetralogy of Fallot, 14 with dilated cardiomyopathy and 21 normal volunteers) showed that the technical success rate was 100%; that RV boundaries free from LV overlap can be clearly visualised due to efficient exhalation of 81Krm through the lungs and that 81Krm measurements of RVEF are reproducible. The technique offers considerable potential for serial non-invasive assessment of RV function. PMID- 6683985 TI - Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis. A review of 20 cases. AB - Twenty cases of tuberculous epididymo-orchitis, occurring in Glasgow from 1970 to 1979, were reviewed. Five gave a history of previous tuberculosis and 10 showed no evidence of tuberculous infection in their urine. In half of the cases the diagnosis was made from histological material. Only five patients had normal intravenous urograms and five required subsequent major surgery for upper urinary tract disease. Tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a scrotal swelling even in the absence of a history of previous tuberculosis. PMID- 6683986 TI - An analysis of the mechanisms underlying hippocampal control of hypothalamically elicited aggression in the cat. AB - An experiment was performed to determine the role of the hippocampal formation in the regulation of quiet biting attach behavior elicited from electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus. The results showed clearly that stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus resulted in an increased latency to quiet biting attack and that ventral hippocampal stimulation resulted in a decreased latency to quiet biting attack. In addition, the results indicate that those sites in the ventral hippocampal formation from which facilitation of attack can be produced are linked to sensory mechanisms associated with trigeminal reflexes established during hypothalamic stimulation inasmuch as stimulation of these sites increase the lateral extent of the effective sensory field of the lipline. No effect was observed upon a motor component of the jaw-opening response--the latency to jaw opening-during ventral hippocampal stimulation. In contrast, no effects were observed upon either sensory or motor components of the hypothalamically-elicited jaw-opening response as a result of stimulation of dorsal hippocampal sites. Deoxyglucose autoradiography revealed that the major effect of stimulation of modulatory sites in both the dorsal and ventral hippocampal formation was exerted upon the lateral septal nucleus. Thus, it is proposed that hippocampal modulation of hypothalamically-elicited quiet biting attack is mediated primarily through the lateral septal nucleus. PMID- 6683988 TI - 'Kindling' a sleep disorder: degree of sleep pathology predicts kindled seizure susceptibility in cats. AB - Progressive sleep deficits accompanying the gradual development of a kindled seizure disorder in cats persist at least one month after kindling and correlate with subsequent seizure thresholds. These parallels between the two pathologies suggest the kindling of a sleep disorder which occurs in addition to, and may be a determinant of, the kindled seizure disorder. PMID- 6683987 TI - In vivo electrochemical evidence for an enkephalinergic modulation underlying stereotyped behavior: reversibility by naloxone. AB - The effect of the enkephalin pentapeptide analog (WY 42,896) on amphetamine induced stereotypy was studied in male, albino rats. WY 42,896 significantly inhibited amphetamine-induced stereotypy. The inhibition of the head-bobbing and sniffing components was significantly reversed by naloxone. Disinhibition of the rearing components by naloxone reached borderline significance. In vivo electrochemical measurements in rat caudate showed that WY 42,896 inhibited both basal and amphetamine-induced dopamine release. This inhibition was prevented by naloxone. These data show an enkephalinergic-dopaminergic interaction in rat striatum, both behaviorally and biochemically, and suggest a presynaptic site of action of the enkephalin on dopamine neurons. PMID- 6683989 TI - Naloxone attenuates amnesia caused by amygdaloid stimulation: the involvement of a central opioid system. AB - This study investigated the effect of naloxone on amnesia produced by subseizure amygdaloid stimulation. Animals were trained in an inhibitory avoidance task, and given amygdaloid stimulation following training. Immediately after training, prior to stimulation, naloxone was injected either peripherally (i.p.) or into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) where the Met-enkephalin containing fibers from the amygdala terminate. Amygdaloid stimulation caused retention deficits. The deficits were attenuated by 3.0 mg/kg naloxone given peripherally or by 1.0 microgram or 0.3 microgram naloxone injected bilaterally into the BNST. The attenuative effect was anatomically and receptor specific: 0.3 microgram of naloxone injected into the caudate nucleus was ineffective; the attenuative effect of naloxone was antagonized by simultaneous injection of 1.5 or 4.5 micrograms levorphanol into the BNST. These results suggest that endogenous opioids, possibly the enkephalins of the stria terminalis released into the BNST following amygdaloid stimulation, are at least partially involved in mediating the effect of amygdaloid stimulation on memory. PMID- 6683990 TI - Purification and characterization of a membrane-associated testosterone-binding protein from Pseudomonas testosteroni. AB - A steroid-binding protein, identified in the supernatant generated when membrane vesicles of Pseudomonas testosteroni are produced and harvested by centrifugation, has been purified 49-fold to homogeneity. It has a molecular weight of 30 000-35 000 and it specifically binds the C19 steroids dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, and androstenedione. It is a basic protein with an isoelectric point at pH 7.3. Binding of testosterone exhibited normal saturation kinetics with an affinity constant, Kd, of 3.9 X 10(-8) M. Binding was inhibited by divalent cations, but the sulfhydryl reagents dithiothreitol and mercaptoethanol did not affect activity. It is suggested that this and other membrane-associated steroid-binding proteins concentrate the steroid at the membrane surface before it is transported into the cytoplasm of P. testosteroni. PMID- 6683991 TI - Fluorouracil (F), Adriamycin (A), and cisplatin (P) (FAP): combination chemotherapy of advanced esophageal carcinoma. AB - Twenty-one patients with advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil (F) 600 mg/m2 day 1 and day 8; Adriamycin (A) 30 mg/m2 day 1; and cisplatin (P) 75 mg/m2 day 1 (FAP) with hydration and mannitol-induced diuresis. Each course was repeated every 4 weeks. All 21 patients are evaluable for response: 7 patients had an objective response (33%). Two of these responses were complete remissions according to negative endoscopic and pathologic results; five patients had a partial response; all 7 responding patients had metastasis prior to treatment. Median survival of the 21 patients was 8 months. Median survival of 9 months for responders is superior to 4.5 months for nonresponders. No severe myelosuppression or nephrotoxicity was observed. This FAP regimen is useful in the treatment of advanced esophageal tumors. PMID- 6683992 TI - Coordination of interstrand cross-links between polydeoxyguanylic acid and polydeoxycytidylic acid by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II). AB - Cisplatin has been shown to create interstrand DNA crosslinks by several methods. These experiments were performed to determine if cisplatin coordinates cross links between deoxyguanylic and deoxycytidylic acids. After incubation at pH 7.2 with cisplatin at various platinum/base nucleotide ratios, ri, for 3 days at 20 degrees, polydeoxyguanylic acid . polydeoxycytidylic acid [poly(dG) . poly(dC)] was centrifuged in alkaline cesium sulfate for 3 days at 35,000 rpm. Untreated samples resulted in a low-density deoxycytidylic acid peak and a high-density deoxyguanylic acid peak, as identified by the ultraviolet absorption spectrum. The density gradient profiles of cisplatin-treated poly(dG). poly(dC) had an additional hybrid-density peak the area of which increased with the dose (ri) as the areas under the polydeoxycytidylic acid [poly(dC)] and polydeoxyguanylic acid [poly(dG)] peaks diminished. With increasing ri, the densities of both the poly(dG) and hybrid peaks increased while that of the poly(dC) peak remained unchanged. Similarly, the amount of bound platinum in the poly(dG) and hybrid density peaks increased with ri, while no platinum could be detected in the poly(dC) peak. Therefore, cisplatin appears to react first with the deoxyguanylic acid strand, followed by a second reaction with the deoxycytidylic acid strand to form the interstrand cross-links that are necessary for the formation of the hybrid-density bands. Based upon the intercept of the percent cross-linked poly(dG) . poly(dC) versus ri curve with the abscissa, the minimum amount of cisplatin or the threshold amount of cisplatin required to observe cross-links was ri = 0.017. When multiplied by the molecular weight of the poly(dG) . poly(dC) used, this was equivalent to 1 cross-link per 15 molecules of bound platinum. However, based upon the amount of bound drug, the frequency of cross links per platinum reaction was calculated to range from one of 50 to 67 reactions. Due to limitations in the sensitivity of the platinum assay and to a progressively lower recovery of the cross-linked material at lower ri values, it was not possible to calculate the cross-linking efficiency based upon the amount of bound drug for ri values equal to or less than 0.025. The monofunctional analogue, [diethylenetriaminechloroplatinum] chloride, did not cause a hybrid peak to form. These studies demonstrate that cisplatin coordinates interstrand cross-links between poly(dG) and poly(dC). PMID- 6683993 TI - Antitumor activity, induction of cross-resistance, and nephrotoxicity of a new platinum analogue, cis-1,1-diaminomethylcyclohexaneplatinum(II) sulfate, and of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in an immunocytoma model in the LOU/M rat. AB - A newly synthesized platinum analogue, cis-1,1 diaminomethylcyclohexaneplatinum(II) sulfate (TNO-6), was compared with cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) for antitumor activity and nephrotoxicity. Antitumor activity was determined in an IgM immunocytoma model in the LOU/M rat. Tumor cells were inoculated on the left flank, and therapy was started when a tumor diameter of 10 to 30 mm was reached. At the start of the therapy, the primary tumor had already metastasized to the draining lymph node and liver. Both platinum compounds, dissolved in 5% glucose water, induced an almost complete tumor regression within 10 to 14 days (average, 84% tumor load reduction) and prolonged survival, compared to that of nontreated animals. The antitumor activity induced by repeated i.p. administration of cis-DDP and TNO-6 reached its maximum at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg body weight (twice a week for 7 weeks). This treatment regimen resulted in a highest tolerable dose for cis-DDP of 1.0 mg/kg and for TNO-6 of 2.0 mg/kg. However, when rats were treated with a 2.0-mg/kg dose of TNO-6, no increase in antitumor activity was obtained. For both platinum compounds, tumor recurrence occurred in almost all animals within 2 to 7 days after the maximum tumor load reduction. Tumors that recurred were found to be cross-resistant to both platinum compounds tested but were sensitive to treatment with doxorubicin (Adriamycin). With regard to toxicity, repeated administration of TNO-6 (1.0 mg/kg twice a week for 7 weeks) induced less decrease of body weight than did cis-DDP. For TNO-6, even in the highest dose investigated (2.0 mg/kg twice a week for 7 weeks), no nephrotoxicity was observed on histological examination of kidney and blood urea and creatinine values, whereas for cis-DDP nephrotoxicity was still present in the lowest dose investigated (0.5 mg/kg). From the comparison of the antitumor activity and nephrotoxicity of TNO-6 and cis DDP, administered i.p. in 5% glucose solution, it is concluded that both drugs have comparable antitumor activity and potency. In contrast to the effects of cis DDP, no nephrotoxicity was observed with TNO-6; thus, TNO-6 might be a good alternative to cis-DDP in avoiding nephrotoxicity during platinum therapy. PMID- 6683995 TI - Double membrane-bounded intestinal microvilli in Oncopeltus fasciatus. AB - A double plasma membrane (DPM) surrounding intestinal microvilli of the migratory milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, is described. Mutant and wild types of the phytophagous insect have been studied by conventional SEM and TEM procedures with the use of membrane-enhancing staining methods. Longitudinal and transverse sections revealed a DPM surrounding microvilli and continuing over the apical portions of the intestinal cell. The outer membrane of the DPM contributes to an intestinal lining or peritrophic membrane (PTM), which apparently accumulates in layers. SEM studies reveal a rugose intestinal surface and complete PTM in both starved and fed insects. Only rarely are exposed microvilli seen by SEM. SEM examinations also enable the observation of numerous blebs on the luminal side of the PTM apparently held in position by a neck-like attachment and apparently derived from the outer membrane of the DPM. Preliminary TEM studies of microvilli revealed unique microvesicle-like structures, lying just inside the inner membrane of the DPM, which may be of membrane origin based on their typical trilaminar appearance after en bloc staining with uranyl acetate. Highly ordered microfilaments were observed to occupy the most central aspect of the microvilli. PMID- 6683994 TI - Dynamics of the cytoskeleton in Amoeba proteus. I. Redistribution of microinjected fluorescein-labeled actin during locomotion, immobilization and phagocytosis. AB - Fluorescein-labeled muscle actin was microinjected into Amoeba proteus and followed during intracellular redistribution by means of the image intensification technique. The fully polymerization-competent protein becomes part of the endogenous actomyosin system undergoing dynamic changes over time periods of several hours. Single-frame analysis of long-term sequences enabled the direct demonstration of both the contractile activities and morphological transformations of microfilaments in normally locomoting, immobilized and phagocytozing specimens. In normally locomoting cells the filament layer undergoes continuous changes in spatial distribution depending on the actual pattern of cytoplasmic streaming and cell shape. The highest degree of differentiation is always maintained in the intermediate region between the front and the uroid, thus indicating this segment of the cortex to be the most important site in generating motive force for pseudopodium formation and ameboid movement. In immobilized cells contracted by the application of ruthenium red or relaxed by different anesthetics, the filament layer forms a continuous thick sheath beneath the cell surface or becomes completely disintegrated. In phagocytozing cells the local polymerization of actin at the tip of pseudopodia forming the food-cup and around the nascent phagosome points to a significant participation of the actomyosin system in the process of capturing and constricting prey organisms. Although our results provide clear evidence for the overall importance of motive force generation according to the hydraulic pressure theory, some motile phenomena exist in Amoeba proteus that cannot exclusively be explained by this mechanism. PMID- 6683996 TI - The regulation of tissue plasminogen activator activity by human fibroblasts. AB - We have found that live and ethanol-fixed fibroblasts, when covered with conditioned medium containing tissue plasminogen activator, associate with the enzyme and remove it from the medium. Binding of tissue plasminogen activator to fixed cells showed equilibrium kinetics with maximal uptake corresponding to 2.4 units of enzyme per 10(6) fixed cells. Enzyme bound to fixed cells could activate plasminogen and produce plaques of caseinolysis in casein-plasminogen-agar overlays. Electrophoretic analysis showed it covalently attached to a fibroblast component with a molecular weight of 40,000-50,000. Sequestration of tissue plasminogen activator by live fibroblasts showed nonsaturable first order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.465/hr. We conclude that active enzyme is bound to a surface receptor, then internalized and degraded. Fibroblasts did not release the binding molecule into the medium; binding of tissue plasminogen activator from the medium was unaffected by heparin or thrombin. This phenomenon differs from that described by Baker et al. and ascribed to "proteasenexin." PMID- 6683997 TI - Reversibility of muscle differentiation in the absence of commitment: analysis of a myogenic cell line temperature-sensitive for commitment. AB - The interrelationship between commitment (irreversible withdrawal from the cell cycle) and muscle-specific gene expression was analyzed with the myogenic cell line ts 3b-2, which is temperature sensitive for commitment and cell fusion. The rates of synthesis and levels of accumulation of muscle-specific mRNAs and proteins in the ts 3b-2 cells at permissive and nonpermissive temperatures are comparable, indicating that neither commitment nor cell fusion is required for induction of muscle-specific gene expression. In the absence of commitment, the cells are reversibly withdrawn from the cell cycle during gene induction, and expression of the muscle-specific genes is deinduced upon the switch to growth stimulating conditions. The deinduction reflects coordinate and preferential cessation of muscle-specific mRNA synthesis, coupled with destabilization of the muscle-specific mRNAs in the cytoplasm, without effect on constitutively expressed housekeeping protein genes. The phenotype of the ts 3b-2 cells demonstrates that commitment and muscle-specific gene expression are both required, but alone are insufficient, to produce the terminally differentiated muscle phenotype. PMID- 6683998 TI - Lack of activity of cyclophosphamide in ovarian cancer patients refractory to cis dichlorodiammine platinum. AB - Twenty-three ovarian cancer patients refractory to first-line chemotherapy consisting of cis-dichlorodiamminoplatinum used as a single agent (50 mg/m2 IV every 4 weeks) were admitted to this study. They received cyclophosphamide as an IV push at a dose of 1 g/m2 every 3 weeks. They were evaluable for response after at least two cycles. None of the 18 evaluable patients responded: 15 (83%) showed rapid progression and three (17%) no change. Except in one case of severe leukopenia hematological toxicity was acceptable. Some (30%) of the patients experienced intractable vomiting on the day of cyclophosphamide administration. PMID- 6683999 TI - cis-platinum and etoposide combination chemotherapy of advanced non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - From December 1981 to November 1982, a consecutive series of 37 patients with advanced non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with cis-platinum and etoposide in doses of 20 mg/m2 and 75 mg/m2, respectively, for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks. Among the 33 evaluable patients, one complete response, 11 partial responses, five minor responses, seven unchanged states, and nine cases of progression were noted. Median duration of response was 30+ weeks. Toxicity was significant, but no treatment-related deaths were encountered. Combined cis platinum and etoposide can provide significant palliation in approximately one third of patients with the doses and schedule used. PMID- 6684000 TI - Oral levonantradol in the control of cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis. AB - A dose-ranging study with oral levonantradol was performed in 20 cancer patients. The optimum oral dose which attenuated vomiting accompanying chemotherapy was 1 mg 4-hourly. Side-effects comprised dizziness, confusion, euphoria, drowsiness, and difficulty in concentrating. There was no cardiovascular toxicity. Overall toxicity appeared to be dose-related and was mild and acceptable. PMID- 6684002 TI - Comparative measurements of urinary polyamines in early morning and 24-hour urine specimens. AB - Detailed comparative measurements of urinary polyamines were made between an early morning spot urine and 24-hour urine from normal controls and from patients with cancers. Urinary putrescine and spermidine concentrations in samples of morning spot urine were similar to those in 24-hour urine samples, and they were significantly increased in patients with various types of cancer. A morning spot urine can replace 24-hour urine in polyamine assay. PMID- 6684001 TI - Thromboxane generation after thrombin. Protective effect of thromboxane synthetase inhibition on lung fluid balance. AB - We examined the role of thromboxane in mediating the alterations in pulmonary hemodynamics and in lung fluid and protein exchange after thrombin. Studies were made in control sheep and in sheep pretreated with the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, Dazoxiben (injection of 10 mg/kg followed by infusion of 4 mg/kg per hr). Thrombin infusion caused an increase in mixed venous and aortic concentrations of thromboxane B2, a stable degradation product of thromboxane A2, whereas the concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, a degradation product of prostacyclin, did not change significantly. In sheep pretreated with Dazoxiben, thromboxane B2 concentrations did not increase, indicating effectiveness of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. The blood concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha after thrombin increased in the thromboxane synthetase-inhibited group, indicating shunting towards prostacyclin synthesis. Thrombin in untreated sheep increased pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) and the lymph protein clearance (Qlym X lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio). The increases in lymph parameters were due to an increase in pulmonary vascular permeability to proteins because raising left atrial pressure further increased Qlym but did not change lymph-to plasma ratio. Dazoxiben prevented the thrombin-induced increase in pulmonary vascular permeability because the increase in left atrial pressure resulted in an increase in Qlym and a decrease in lymph-to-plasma ratio, as was the case after left atrial hypertension in normal animals. Therefore, thrombin results in selective release of thromboxane A2 which precedes the increase in pulmonary vascular permeability. Thromboxane A2 may contribute to the increased permeability after thrombin, since inhibition of thromboxane synthesis prevents the permeability change. PMID- 6684003 TI - Mild hypothyroidism and oedema: evidence for increased capillary permeability to protein. AB - Nine female patients with normal serum total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) but elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were studied. Six patients had generalised oedema associated with maximal diurnal weight gains in excess of 1.4 kg. Under conditions of forced water diuresis, before and during physiological replacement of 1-thyroxine, the supine transcapillary escape rate of albumin (TERA) was measured, while the venous colloid osmotic pressure (COP), packed cell volume (PCV) and urinary excretion of water and electrolytes were studied in both the supine and upright positions. The TERA, diurnal weight gain and orthostatic increase in COP fell significantly with treatment. In the six patients with oedema and excessive diurnal weight gains, the retention of salt and water on tilting was reduced with thyroxine treatment. In female patients we consider generalised oedema associated with excessive diurnal weight gain, to be a common and early symptom of hypothyroidism, meriting thyroxine replacement therapy. PMID- 6684004 TI - 24 hour melatonin secretory pattern in Cushing's syndrome. AB - The concentrations of plasma melatonin and cortisol were determined every 20 min during a 24 h period in 6 women aged 24 to 45 years with Cushing's syndrome of differing aetiologies (4 adrenal adenomas, 2 adrenal hyperplasia). Melatonin was assayed after chloroform extraction according to the method of Rollag and Niswender (1976). Abnormal melatonin secretory patterns were found in all the patients; 24 h melatonin concentration means varied from 130 to 413 pg/ml and were not significantly higher than the 24 h mean in 4 controls (215 +/- 126 pg/ml). All six subjects however showed a significant increase of melatonin during the day period (302 +/- 109 as compared with controls 129 +/- 65 mg/ml, mean +/- SD; P less than 0.005). No relationship could be found between abnormal melatonin levels and the sexual status of the patients (4 with amenorrhoea, 2 normally menstruating women). An alteration of melatonin secretory pattern is present in Cushing's syndrome, whatever the aetiology. It is suggested that hypercortisolism, by itself, may modify the pattern of melatonin secretion. PMID- 6684005 TI - Effect of chronic alcohol ingestion on the heart and blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The effect on the heart of a combination of high blood pressure and chronic alcohol ingestion was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) fed ethanol in their drinking water in concentrations of 0%, 5% and 20% for sixteen weeks. Normotensive Wistar rats were used as controls (NCR). In addition some SHR were given alcohol for a shorter period of eight weeks at the end of which time there were no significant differences in mean arterial blood pressure between the groups. After sixteen weeks of ethanol the mean arterial pressure had fallen in those SHR receiving 20% ethanol to 136 +/- 24 mmHg compared to control (180 +/- 27 mmHg; P less than 0.001). This was associated with a lower left ventricular (LV)dp/dt (control 4800 +/- 872 mmHg sec-1; 20% ethanol group = 3450 +/- 1588 mmHg sec-1; P less than 0.025) and a reduced LV weight (corrected for body weight) due to an apparent lack of development of LV hypertrophy between eight and sixteen weeks. Similarly LV volume (corrected for LV weight), did not change from eight weeks to sixteen weeks in those SHR receiving 20% ethanol in contrast to the 0% ethanol SHR group in whom LV volume fell as LV hypertrophy developed. 5% Ethanol had no significant effect on mean arterial pressure, LV peak dp/dt, LV weight or LV volume. In the NCR ethanol had little effect on mean arterial pressure but those receiving 20% ethanol had significantly smaller LV volumes without any increase in LV weight probably reflecting blood volume depletion. Ethanol did not produce any blood pressure elevation in the NCR. No rats (SHR or NCR) developed overt heart failure or a typical cardiomyopathy. However, this study has shown that a high intake of ethanol reduces the blood pressure of a hypertensive rat most likely by its direct toxic action on the myocardium. Thus with chronic alcohol ingestion hypertension can be masked but may still contribute significantly to the development of myocardial disease. PMID- 6684006 TI - Blood pressure and heart rate effects of alkyl ether phospholipids in conscious renal, spontaneously hypertensive, and normotensive rats. AB - The blood pressure and heart rate effects of a synthetic alkyl ether phospholipid and similar lipids derived from beef heart and egg yolk were studied in normotensive, renal, and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Each agent (1.25 to 10 micrograms/kg) produced a dose-related decrease in blood pressure and increase in heart rate in each model after rapid IV injection. The degree of blood pressure lowering was dependent upon the pretreatment blood pressure. Alkyl ether phospholipid was infused at 10 to 30 micrograms/kg/min to SHR and to platelet depleted SHR; comparable effects (blood pressure decreases and heart rate increases) were noted in both models. Reversal of the epinephrine pressor response was seen in all rats. When administered orally in ascending doses on three consecutive days, 50 and 150 micrograms/kg b.i.d. doses (Day 1 and 2) were inactive whereas 500 micrograms/kg b.i.d. (Day 3) decreased blood pressure by 25 +/- 8 and 21 +/- 8 mm Hg in renal and spontaneously hypertensive rats, respectively. Side effects (by all routes) included limp, cyanotic hind limbs and sedation and were similar in SHR and platelet depleted SHR. Significant, sustained blood pressure lowering was not achieved by any of the alkyl ether phospholipids in the conscious rat models at doses devoid of limiting side effects. The results of these studies show: 1) the BP, HR, and toxic profiles of all three alkyl ether phospholipids were qualitatively similar, 2) at doses causing significant BP lowering there was epinephrine reversal suggesting an alpha-adrenergic blocking component of action, 3) the BP, HR, and toxic effect profiles of alkyl ether phospholipid were comparable in normal and platelet depleted SHR and apparently not platelet-dependent, 4) sustained antihypertensive activity could be achieved by the oral route; however the effects were modest (12 +/- 4% decrease) and associated with limiting side effects. PMID- 6684007 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of serum thymic factor (STF) and measurement of STF immunoreactivity in blood and tissues]. PMID- 6684008 TI - The strength of association between fragile (X) chromosome presence and mental retardation. AB - In order to obtain a quantitative estimate of the degree of association between presence of fragile X chromosome (fra(X] and mental retardation (MR), existing data from nonretarded males were analyzed. Clearly, fra(X) occurs less frequently among nonretarded compared to MR males. However, incidence estimates for fra(X) based upon existing data hold open the possibility that there may be significant numbers of nonretarded males with fra(X). Additional analyses of data from families with a pattern of fra(X) linked MR showed: (a) the probability that nonretarded male offspring will have fra(X) is very small, and (b) the probability that MR male offspring will have fra(X) is very large. Thus, accurate prognostic decisions can be based upon prenatal diagnosis of fra(X) presence, especially in families with a pattern of fra(X) linked MR. PMID- 6684009 TI - A new syndrome of short stature, joint limitation and muscle hypertrophy. AB - A further case is presented of a new growth deficiency syndrome first reported by Myre et al. in 1981. The major clinical features are mental retardation, growth deficiency, muscular hypertrophy, joint limitation and abnormal skeletal radiography. PMID- 6684010 TI - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) induced acute renal failure (ARF): attempts at amelioration. AB - Nephrotoxicity is a dose limiting feature of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) cancer chemotherapy. We have previously developed a model of DDP induced acute renal failure in the rat, which is characterized by non oliguric progressive azotemia. Protocols have been established in humans to prevent or diminish DDP associated renal alterations during the course of cancer chemotherapy. The present studies were designed to evaluate the effect of prior diuretic therapy, with furosemide, and enhanced solute diuresis, using dextrose and water as the sole source of drinking fluid, on DDP induced acute renal failure in the rat. As compared to water drinking controls neither the diuretic nor the enhancement of osmotic excretion effected DDP associated mortality. The courses of the acute renal failure observed in all three study groups were similar; however, there was a suggestion in the surviving animals that these maneuvers may have contributed to a more rapid return in renal function among rats not dying of DDP induced acute renal failure. PMID- 6684011 TI - Spinal extradural angiosarcoma occurring after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. AB - An extradural angiosarcoma was found invading the L3 and L4 nerve roots. An angiosarcoma has not previously been reported in this situation. The tumour was diagnosed eighteen years after the patient presented with Hodgkin's disease and was possibly induced by the treatment given for this disease. PMID- 6684012 TI - Morphine requirements using patient-controlled analgesia: influence of diurnal variation and morbid obesity. AB - The influence of diurnal variation and morbid obesity on the morphine requirements of patients using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was studied. Forty-six patients undergoing either elective (Group I) or gastric bypass (Group II) surgery composed the study group. Patients were allowed to use the PCA machine for 36 to 72 hours postoperatively to deliver 0.6 mg/sq m doses of morphine sulfate intravenously. Counters on the device indicating the number of doses received were monitored every two hours along with vital signs and a pain and sedation rating. Dosing rates were studied with regard to the time of day. Morbid obesity had no significant effect on dosing rate requirements. Analyses revealed a significant diurnal rhythm in morphine dosing rate requirements despite a 27-fold interpatient variability. Peak analgesic use was at 0900, and the nadir was at 0300. Patient pain rankings did not indicate any changes in pain status, demonstrating PCA's use of analgesia as an endpoint for dosing. Sedation status showed a higher degree of sedation at night when compared with the daytime values, documenting that sedation was not drug-induced. There is a circadian variation in narcotic analgesic need in the postoperative patient that is met appropriately by PCA. PMID- 6684013 TI - Cisplatin-induced massive renal tubular failure with wastage of serum electrolytes. PMID- 6684014 TI - [Eclampsia: critical considerations on its therapy]. PMID- 6684015 TI - An animal model to detect learning deficits following treatment of the immature brain. Studies using radiation and methotrexate. AB - Learning deficits have been noted in children with acute leukemia given methotrexate (MTX) with and without cranial irradiation (RT) for prophylaxis. A rat model has been developed to assess treatment effects on learning. The test used was altered performance of a simultaneous discrimination task in a standard operant conditioning box, employing the mean number of days needed to score 80% correct responses as the criterion. An illustrative experiment distributed suckling rats among four groups: (1) 36 controls; (2) 14 cranial RT (1,000 R); (3) 14 MTX (5 mg/kg i.p.); (4) 36 RT + MTX 24 h later, and (5) 12 undernourished controls (to match poor weight gain patterns of treated animals). Survivors were tested 10-12 weeks later: values for groups 1-5 in order were 3.9, 4.1, 4.7, 5.0 and 4.0 days. Only group 4 results were significantly different from group 1 (p = less than 0.05). PMID- 6684016 TI - [Treatment of Stewart-Treves syndrome]. AB - The Stewart-Treves syndrome is the most dangerous complication of chronic lymphedema following mastectomy. Prognosis is poor. In the world literature 278 cases are described. At the Surgical Clinic of the University of Heidelberg 3 cases of Stewart-Treves syndrome have been treated so far. Decisive for the prognosis of this fast growing tumor of high malignancy is early detection and initiation of therapy. The only curative therapy seems to be radical surgery in the form of interthoracic scapular exarticulation of the arm at an early stage of this disease. Radio- and chemotherapy offer palliation in advanced tumor stage. PMID- 6684017 TI - Male sexual function after abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer. AB - In a series of 26 male patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection of the rectum for malignant disease, a detailed history of sexual function was obtained, using a questionnaire before and 12 months after the operation. The overall incidence of sexual dysfunction was 61.5 per cent, total and partial erectile impotence being, respectively, both 27 per cent. Taking age into account, among men of the youngest age group (41-48 yrs), incidence of complete and partial erectile impotence was 14 per cent. In the middle age group (49-57 yrs), 22 per cent reported total and 33 per cent reported partial erectile impotence, whereas in patients of the oldest group (58-65 yrs), total erectile impotence was present in 40 per cent and partial in an additional 30 per cent. The extent of the disease (Dukes' stage) was found to be of no value as a prognostic index of postoperative sexual dysfunction. It is concluded that the age of the patients is the most important factor related to sexual activity after abdominoperineal resection for cancer. PMID- 6684018 TI - [Role of the specific binding of steroid hormones by human blood plasma globulins]. PMID- 6684019 TI - [Treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults with high-dosage immunoglobulins]. AB - Four of five patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) responded to high-dose immunoglobulin treatment with transitory rise in platelet count to normal values, while the fifth had only minimal improvement. In the individual case there was good correlation between serum-IgG concentration and platelet count, but an influence on platelet-associated IgG could not be demonstrated with certainty. Treatment with high-dose IgG is apparently particularly suitable for patients with ITP refractory to steroids or splenectomy, in whom bleeding complications or operative procedures make a transitory rise in platelet count desirable. PMID- 6684020 TI - Retinol-binding protein and prealbumin in cord blood of term and preterm infants. AB - Retinol-binding protein (RBP) and prealbumin (PA) are potentially useful indicators of inadequate protein and/or energy intake. Concentrations of RBP and PA were determined in cord blood of 117 infants and were found to be lower before 37 weeks gestation than at term. Adult subjects had substantially higher concentrations of RBP and PA than found in cord blood. PMID- 6684021 TI - Histological maturation of the neocortex in phenylketonuric rats. AB - The histological maturation of pyramidal cells from the deeper layer of the neocortex was studied in phenylketonuric rats. The main alterations consist of a decrease in the number of span and dendritic basilar processes of large pyramidal cells, and changes in the structural organization of the cerebral cortex. It is postulated that high levels of phenylalanine induced immediately after birth disturb profoundly the process of neuronal maturation in the neocortex of the rat brain, probably with long-term effects. PMID- 6684022 TI - Pneumatic endoscopy of the Eustachian tube. AB - A new technique of endoscopy of the Eustachian tube has been developed using a flexible fiberscope provided with an instrument channel for insufflation of air to expand the tubal lumen. This method permits observation of the inside of the entire cartilaginous portion as far as the isthmus, and may be significant in evaluating the pathological conditions of tubal dysfunction in such cases as secretory otitis media, chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma, and the preoperative and postoperative states in tympanoplasty. PMID- 6684023 TI - Embryopathic effects of cyclophosphamide. AB - Cyclosphosphamide, dissolved in saline, was injected into the air sac of white Leghorn chick eggs in dose levels of 0.005, 0.007, 0.010, 0.012, 0.015, and 0.017 mg per egg. Eggs received a single injection of cyclophosphamide on Days 0, 1, 2, or 3 of incubation. Control eggs were injected with an equivalent volume of saline (0.1 ml per egg). In all 904 chicken eggs were used for this study. Surviving embryos were sacrificed when they reached 11 days of incubation. The LD50 values for Days 1, 2, and 3 were 0.017, 0.007, and 0.012 mg per egg, respectively. The overall incidence of abnormal embryos for Days 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 7, 6.3, 12, and 22%, respectively. Abnormalities such as reduced body size, everted viscera, short and twisted limbs, eye defects, abnormal beak, and short and twisted neck were commonly seen in survivors no matter when exposed to cyclophosphamide. The teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide was noted to be the highest in the embryos treated on Day 3. The present study has demonstrated that cyclophosphamide is toxic and teratogenic during the period of early organogenesis in the chick embryos. PMID- 6684025 TI - Mechanical power test and fiber composition of human leg extensor muscles. AB - The present study was undertaken to assess the relationship between the mechanical power developed during new anaerobic power test and muscular fiber distribution. Ten track and field male athletes were used as subjects, whose muscle fiber composition (m. vastus lateralis) varied from 25 to 58 fast twitch (FT) fibers. The test consisted of measuring the flight time with a special timer during 60 s continuous jumping. A formula was derived to allow the calculation of mechanical power during a certain period of time (e.g., in the present study every 15 s during 60 s of jumping performance). The relationship between the mechanical power for the first 15 s period correlated best with fast twitch (FT) fiber distribution (r = 0.86, p less than 0.005). However, the power output during the successive 15 s periods demonstrated lower correlation with FT, and this relationship became statistically non-significant after 30 s of work. The sensitivity to fatigue of the test was supported by the relationship observed between the decrease of power during 60 s jumping performance and the percentage of FT fibers (r = 0.73, p less than 0.01). Thus, the present findings suggest that muscular performance, as determined by the new jumping test, is influenced by skeletal muscle fiber composition. The new test, which primarily evaluates maximal short term muscular power, also proved sensitive in assessing fatigue patterns during 60 s of strenuous work. PMID- 6684024 TI - Acute albumin-induced plasma volume expansion and exercise in the heat: effects on hormonal responses in men. AB - To assess the responses of fluid regulatory and stress hormones to acute expansion of plasma volume and exercise in the heat, 50 g of albumin dissolved in 200 ml normal saline or 200 ml saline alone was administered intravenously to 7 adult, male test subjects followed by exercise (40% VO2 max) in the heat (Tdb = 45 degrees C, Twb = 25 degrees C). Blood samples were obtained after sitting in the heat for 1 h, 1 h after completion of infusion which itself required approximately 1.5 h, after standing for 30 min, and 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after commencing exercise. Plasma cortisol levels were generally unaffected by these treatments. Responses of plasma aldosterone levels to postural change and exercise in the heat were attenuated in the albumin trial, and growth hormone levels were unaffected by albumin administration. Angiotensin I levels' were significantly decreased at several sampling intervals during the albumin trial, but unaffected by exercise. We concluded from these studies that plasma volume expansion by intravascular albumin administration had no effect on stress hormone responses during exercise in the heat, while regulatory hormone levels were lower in several instances during the albumin trial. PMID- 6684026 TI - Physiological effects of dynamic hand work in subjects of different age and sex. AB - Thirty untrained subjects (group 1: 10 female, 20-30 years; group 2: 10 female, 36-46 years; group 3: 10 males, 20-30 years) performed dynamic hand work on a hand-grip dynamometer at loads varying from 20 to 100% MVC and three different working frequencies (20, 40, and 60 cpm). The mechanical muscle activity, the iEMG and the R-R interval were measured throughout the exercise. Before and after each exercise, the maximal hand-grip force (MVC) was determined together with the iEMG and the R-R interval. With the loads increasing gradually, the mean values of the duration of the contraction phase and of the iEMG of the four muscles increased in all test groups, but the duration of the rest phase and R-R interval decreased. Through an Analysis of Variance, evidence of systematic differences between the test groups was significant for the R-R interval only, while the effects of the loads (with exception of the rest phase) and of the working frequency proved significant for all parameters. The MVC, the iEMG and the R-R interval measured before and after the exercise did not show significant differences. This indicates that the exercise was not fatiguing. PMID- 6684027 TI - The effect of NH4Cl induced chronic metabolic acidosis on work capacity in man. AB - Eleven male and female subjects were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. One experimental ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) group (n = 6) and one calcium carbonate (CaCO3) placebo control group (n = 5) received treatment lasting 10 days. No significant changes were observed in several ventilatory parameters (VE, VE/V2, VE/VO2) during submaximal or maximal exercise. Heart rates and performance times were similarly unaltered. Changes were observed in oxygen consumption (VO2) and plasma lactates (HLa) during submaximal exercise at 40% maximal power output (approximately 48% VO2max). VO2 decreased from 1.12 l X min-1 to 1.04 l X min-1 (t = 2.87, p less than 0.05) and HLa were depressed from 2.3 to 1.9 mM X 1(-1) (t = 3.92, p less than 0.02). HLa and VO2max were not changed during an incremental VO2max test. The evidence suggests that under conditions of experimental renalcompensated, chronic metabolic acidoses (CMA), there are no significant changes in most cardiopulmonary parameters measured during maximal and submaximal exercise. It appears that the decrements in performance reported by previous investigators may be due to pH changes of acidosis rather than accompanying compensatory changes of acid-base control. PMID- 6684028 TI - Muscle performance, morphology and metabolic capacity during strength training and detraining: a one leg model. AB - To investigate biochemical, histochemical and contractile properties associated with strength training and detraining, six adult males were studied during and after 10 weeks of dynamic strength training for the quadriceps muscle group of one leg, as well as during and after a subsequent 12 weeks of detraining. Peak torque outputs at the velocities tested (0-270 degrees X s-1) were increased (p less than 0.05) by 39-60% and 12-37% after training for the trained and untrained legs, respectively. No significant changes in peak torques were observed in six control subjects tested at the same times. Significant decreases in strength performance of the trained leg (16-21%) and untrained leg (10-15%) were observed only after 12 weeks of detraining. Training resulted in an increase (p less than 0.05) in the area of FTa (21%) and FTb (18%) fibres, while detraining was associated with a 12% decrease in FTb fibre cross-sectional area. However, fibre area changes were only noted in the trained leg. Neither training nor detaining had any significant effect on the specific activity of magnesium-activated myofibrillar ATPase or on the activities of enzymes of phosphagen, glycolytic or oxidative metabolism in serial muscle biopsy samples from both legs. In the absence of any changes in muscle enzyme activities and with only modest changes in FT fibre areas in the trained leg, the significant alterations in peak torque outputs with both legs suggest that neural adaptations play a prominent role in strength performance with training and detraining. PMID- 6684029 TI - Comparison of peak oxygen uptake in arm cranking. AB - Twenty male subjects, age (+/- SD) 31.1 +/- 5.6 years and weight 74.3 +/- 12.7 kg participated in this study to compare the VO2 peak values in arm cranking obtained using continuous (C) and discontinuous (D) protocols. Each subject performed a continuous (C) and discontinuous (D) protocol in random order on two separate days. Cranking was performed at 60 rev X min-1 with tests terminated when this fell below 50. Peak values for oxygen uptake ventilation and heart rate were determined during each test. The C protocol involved increasing power output each minute, while in the D protocol 2 min work bouts were separated by 1 min rest intervals. No significant differences (p greater than 0.05) between the C and D protocols were shown on any measured variable. It was concluded that the use of C or D protocols for determining VO2 peak in arm cranking provide comparable results with the C protocol being advantageous in terms of administration time. PMID- 6684031 TI - A new mechanically braked bicycle ergometer with electronic read out. AB - The ergometer is mechanically braked by a band in series with a spring. Each end of the band passes over one of two spherical ball bearings, and is attached to the free end of a spring steel bar mounted on the same plate as the two ball bearings. By means of a spindle and cogwheel the plate can be tilted in such a way as to vary the tension in the braking band. The spring steel bar is furnished with four strain-gauges coupled as a Wheatstone's bridge. The system forms a differential force transducer measuring the differences in tension between the two ends of the band. A force is, therefore, only recorded if the flywheel is moving, because at rest forces influencing the bar from the band will be opposite and equal. The ergometer offers certain advantages over the conventional mechanically braked ergometers because it has an electronic read out, and it can be used in field studies. It is independent of the attitude in relation to the vertical, and can thus be used on tilting platforms or in weightless conditions. PMID- 6684030 TI - Electrically evoked and voluntary maximal isometric tension in relation to dynamic muscle performance in elderly male subjects, aged 69 years. AB - The dynamic performance and electrically evoked mechanical properties of elderly triceps surae muscle have been investigated in 9 men, aged 69 yr. Dynamic performance consisted of cycling on a force bicycle and a vertical jump off two feet from a force platform. The results showed that the time to peak tension (TPT) and half relaxation time (1/2 RT) were significantly greater (p less than 0.001) by 30 ms and 22 ms and the supramaximal twitch (Pt) and tetanic (20 Hz P020) tensions and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were less by 45 N (-33%), 708 N (-49%), and 899 N (-43%) in the elderly compared with young male control subjects. On the force platform, the height jumped (Ht), maximal force exerted (P), take-off velocity (VT), net impulse (NI) and peak power output (W) were less by 18.6 cm, 173 N, 0.9 ms-1, 52 Ns and 1120 w respectively. Similar differences of power, force and velocity were observed on the force bicycle. The reduction of W in the elderly was associated with the contractile characteristics of the leg muscle. The loss of contractile speed and capacity to to generate force in old people was reflected in their inability to develop power during the performance of a maximal vertical jump and cycling. PMID- 6684032 TI - Cardiorespiratory response to bicycle and rowing ergometer exercise in oarsmen. AB - Maximal aerobic power and related variables during submaximal work were determined on the bicycle and on the rowing ergometer in 9 oarsmen and in 9 control subjects. During submaximal work, heart rate and pulmonary ventilation were similar with the two exercise procedures in each group, but the oarsmen had lower values than the control subjects. Oxygen uptake at a given workload was higher on the rowing ergometer than on the bicycle ergometer for both the oarsmen and the control subjects. During maximal exercise, the control subjects reached significantly lower values on the rowing ergometer than on the bicycle ergometer for maximal oxygen uptake and maximal oxygen pulse. The oarsmen however attained practically the same values on the two ergometers, with a rank difference correlation coefficient of 0.94. The difference between the results obtained in control subjects and in oarsmen supports the concept of training specificity. PMID- 6684033 TI - Changes in EEG power density spectrum during static muscle work. AB - Changes in parameters of the EEG power density spectrum were demonstrated in four healthy male subjects during fatiguing static muscle contractions (M. biceps brachii dexter). For the following EEG frequency bands (delta 1-4 Hz, theta 4-8 Hz, alpha 8-13 Hz, beta 13-20 Hz), the relative power and the peak frequencies were determined. A significant increase in the alpha peak frequency was observed during muscle work. This trend was evident in both the central leads (C3-A1, C4 A1) and the occipital (O1-A1), particularly when the subjects had their eyes closed. These changes in peak frequency might be connected with an increase in central nervous activation. PMID- 6684034 TI - A comparison of peak and constant angle torque-velocity curves in fast and slow twitch populations. AB - Peak and constant angle torque-velocity (T-V) curves were measured on a group of fast-twitch (FT, n = 10) and slow-twitch (ST, n = 6) subjects using a Cybex dynamometer. The T-V curve was plotted from 10 randomly assigned velocities ranging from 0.52 to 5.24 rad s-1 (30 to 300 degrees s-1). Each subject was tested four times with at least 24 h between testing sessions. Torque-velocity curves were plotted from the peak torque generated throughout the range of motion and from torque produced at a constant angle (150 degrees). When all subjects were combined into a single group, no significant difference existed between the normalized T-V curves even though they differed significantly in absolute amounts. When subjects were grouped according to muscle fiber type the T-V curves produced from constant angle torque differed significantly while those generated from peak torque did not. This finding suggests that T-V curves generated from peak torque are not as sensitive to influences produced by muscle fiber type as those curves generated from constant angle torque. PMID- 6684035 TI - Peripheral vascular tone during heat load is modified by exercise intensity. AB - Nonevaporative heat loss [ radiation (R) and convection (C) ] and evaporative heat loss [ evaporation (E) ] from the hand (Rh + Ch) and (Eh) were measured in four healthy men exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 20, 35, and 45% of VO2max at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 20 degrees C with a gradient layer type direct hand calorimeter. Esophageal (Tes) and mean skin temperatures (Tsk) were continuously measured. Leg exercise at these intensities produced initially a fall followed by an increase in (Rh + Ch). Tes was positively correlated to % VO2max during exercise. Thermal conductance in the hand (k) was computed by dividing the total heat loss from the hand (Rh + Ch + Eh) by the difference between Tes and mean hand temperature. All subjects had significantly lower (Rh + Ch) and k at a given Tes during exercise with a higher intensity. The slope indicating the relation between (Rh + Ch) and Tes was 9.18, 6.25, and 5.04 W per degree C at 20, 35, and 45% VO2max, respectively. The slope of k vs. Tes was 28.64, 20.82, and 16.61 W/m2 X degree C degree C at 20, 35, and 45% VO2max, respectively. These results indicated that thermoregulatory vasodilation was reduced by the increasing reflex vasoconstrictor tone caused by increasing intensity of exercise as a non-thermal factor. PMID- 6684036 TI - Force and EMG correlates of constant effort contractions. AB - The relation between the force exerted by the left arm and the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the brachial biceps and triceps muscles was examined during constant effort contractions maintained for 120 s. The initial force levels were set at 35%, 50% and 65% of each subject's maximal strength, but thereafter no feedback was provided. In contrast to previous results it was found that the direction of the change in force and EMG during constant effort contractions was dependent on the level of force initially exerted. During the lowest initial force contraction the force remained constant, while for the other two force levels there was an exponential decline in the force exerted. These changes in force during the three contractions were well described by an exponential equation with two free parameters. The EMG also varied as a function of initial force. For the higher two forces the amplitude of the EMG fluctuated during the first 40 s but thereafter remained constant, while it increased steadily during the lowest initial force contraction. These results suggest that depending upon the initial level of exertion either peripheral sensory cues relating to the actual force exerted, or centrally-generated signals reflecting the magnitude of the descending motor command may be used by subjects to maintain a constant level of muscular effort. PMID- 6684037 TI - Electrophysiological responses in guinea pig cochlea to low frequency sound stimuli: distortion of cochlear microphonic (CM) wave form. AB - The present experiment investigated whether or not auditory responses of the middle and/or inner ear in guinea pigs to low frequency sound stimuli [ 60 Hz-2 kHz at 90-120 dB(SPL) ] exhibited the harmonic distortion phenomenon resulting from cochlear microphonics (CM). Measurement of CM leading in turn I by the differential electrode recording method involved measurement of 50 microV isopotential responses, output voltages and CM wave form distortion at each constant sound pressure. The results obtained were as follows: (1) On the 50 microV isopotential response curve and the output voltage curves, the changes at 60-90 Hz were different from those at higher frequencies. (2) At stimuli of 90 or 100 dB(SPL), CM wave form distortion appeared frequently at frequencies below 120 Hz, but were less pronounced above approximately 200 Hz. (3) When raised to 110 and 120 dB(SPL), almost all CM wave forms were distorted at all test frequencies between 60 and 500 Hz. (4) The patterns of CM wave form distortion at frequencies below approximately 120 Hz showed peak clipping and triangular wave distortions, while those at frequencies above approximately 200 Hz showed little of these distortions. PMID- 6684038 TI - The effect of sleep deprivation on the plasma levels of hormones during prolonged physical strain and calorie deficiency. AB - The effect of sleep on the serum levels of hormones during prolonged heavy physical strain and calorie deficiency were investigated in 19 young men participating in a 5 day ranger training course with a calorie consumption of 35,000-50,000 kJ X 24 h-1, and a calorie intake of about 6,000 kJ X 24 h-1. The subjects were divided into two groups: the stress group (8 cadets) were allowed no organized sleep during the course, whereas the sleep group (9 cadets) had 3 h sleep each night. Small but significantly (p less than 0.01) higher serum levels were found in the sleep group compared to the stress group for cortisol, growth hormone and testosterone. No such differences were found for catecholamines, androstendione, dihydrotestosterone, LH, triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Androstendione and dihydrotestosterone decreased in parallel with testosterone (r = 0.5) during the course, changes which directly or indirectly seem to be due to decreased testicular secretion. The changes found during this investigation for the other hormones are similar to changes found during previous courses. LH showed only small variation during the course and cannot explain the decreased secretion from the testis or the difference between the two groups for testosterone. All hormones were normal within 23 days after the end of the course. PMID- 6684039 TI - cis-Platinum induced distortions in DNA. Conformational analysis of d(GpCpG) and cis-pt(NH3)2[d(GpCpG)], studied by 500-MHz NMR. AB - Proton NMR studies at 500 MHz in aqueous solution were carried out on the G-G chelated deoxytrinucleosidediphosphate platinum complex cis-Pt(NH3)2[d(GpCpG], on the uncoordinated trinucleotide d(GpCpG) and on the constituent monomers cis Pt(NH3)2[d(Gp)]2, cis-Pt(NH3)2[d(pG)]2, d(Gp), d(pCp) and d(pG). Complete NMR spectral assignments are given and chemical shifts and coupling constants are analysed to obtain an impression of the detailed structure of d(GpCpG) and the distortion of the structure due to chelation with [cis-Pt(NH3)2]2+. Platination of the guanosine monophosphates affects the sugar conformational equilibrium to favour the N conformation of the deoxyribose ring. This feature is also apparent in ribose mononucleotides and is possibly caused by an increased anomeric effect. In cis-Pt(NH3)2[d(pG)]2 the phase angle of pseudorotation of the S-type sugar ring is 20 degrees higher than in 'free' d(pG) which might be an indication for an ionic interaction between the positive platinum and the negatively charged phosphate. It appears that d(GpCpG) reverts from a predominantly random coil to a normal right-handed B-DNA-like single-helical structure at lower temperatures, whereas the conformational features of cis-Pt(NH3)2[d(GpCpG)] are largely temperature-independent. In the latter compound much conformational freedom along the backbone angles is seen. The cytosine protons and deoxyribose protons exhibit almost no shielding effect as should normally be exerted by the guanine bases in stacking positions. This is interpreted in terms of a 'turning away' of the cytosine residue from both chelating guanines. Conformational features of cis Pt(NH3)2[d(GpCpG)[ are compared with the 'bulge-out' of the ribose-trinucleotide m6(2)ApUpm6(2)A. PMID- 6684040 TI - Cytoskeleton-associated glycoproteins from chicken sympathetic neurons and chicken embryo brain. AB - A non-ionic detergent-insoluble fraction was obtained from pure cultures of chicken sympathetic neurons and further purified at the 10%-30% interface of a discontinuous density gradient. This fraction contains actin as its major component and approximately 20 further polypeptides some of which are glycosylated. Two conspicuous glycoproteins in this fraction, of molecular masses 130 kDa and 90 kDa, have been shown to bind to concanavalin A; in cultured neurons the 130-kDa glycoprotein may also be labelled with [3H]glucosamine and [3H]fucose. Both are restricted to one interface of the stepped sucrose gradient when cells are lysed in low ionic strength buffer and eluted with actin in the void volume of a Sepharose 6B column. Glycoproteins of the same molecular weight have been obtained by the same isolation procedure from 10-day-old chicken embryo brains. One-dimensional peptide maps show that the carbohydrate-containing peptides from brain and sympathetic neurons are closely similar if not identical. The glycoproteins are also present in sciatic nerve but cannot be detected in a detergent-insoluble form in rounded neurons - lacking axons - or fibroblasts. They might, therefore, be involved in the linkage of the axonal cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. PMID- 6684041 TI - Prenalterol in primary dilated cardiomyopathy: hemodynamic and angiographic evaluation. AB - The hemodynamic effects of an acute infusion of prenalterol (PN), a new inotropic beta-adrenoceptor agonist, have been evaluated by cardiac catheterization in 10 patients with primary dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy. A single dose of 20 micrograms/kg was administered over 5 min after basal hemodynamic and angiographic measurements. The administration of prenalterol caused a significant increase in mean cardiac index, from 2.3 to 3.3 l/min/m2 (P less than 0.01) and mean stroke volume, from 47 to 62 ml (P less than 0.01) without a change in heart rate. Mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was reduced from 19 to 13 mm Hg (P less than 0.05) and left ventricular dp/dt rose from 902 to 1089 mm Hg/s (P less than 0.01). Stroke work index increased from 27 to 40 g m/m2 (P less than 0.01) and ejection fraction from 31 to 36% (P less than 0.05). Mean blood pressure did not change and the systemic vascular resistance decreased from 24 to 17 RU (P less than 0.01). The favorable effect of prenalterol on left ventricular relaxation was shown by an increase of peak negative left ventricular dp/dt from 946 to 1159 mm Hg/s and by a decrease of the time constant of left ventricular pressure fall from 49 to 39 s. These results demonstrated a positive inotropic effect of prenalterol on patients with diffuse and severely reduced contractility. PMID- 6684042 TI - Distribution of cardiac output during development of two metastasizing murine tumors. AB - The study of cardiac output (CO) distribution to tumors and metastases is of interest for a better understanding of tumor biology and for pharmacological approaches. A radioactive microsphere method was developed to asses CO distribution in C57BL/6J mice bearing syngeneic 3LL or BALB/c mice with JWS. At the initial stages of cancer growth, the CO relative fractions per g of tissue (%CO/g) to 3LL and JWS were similar to those in surrounding tissues. In both tumors a positive, significant correlation was found between tumor weight and tumor CO fraction, but %CO/g was lower in 3LL 2 and 3 weeks after transplantation, whereas it did not change in JWS. Indeed, much larger necrotic areas developed in 3LL than in JWS. The %CO/g to the lungs increased in both models when metastases were not yet visible; subsequently, the appearance of lung nodules was accompanied by a decrease of %CO/g in JWS and a further increase in 3LL. This corresponded to the much higher ratio of metastatic to intact lung tissue in JWS than in 3LL. In fact, isolated lung metastases had a significantly lower blood supply than the surrounding tissue. This might be due to a different vascularization pattern and/or smaller amounts of vasodilator substances being produced by metastatic nodules; the latter is suggested by lower generation of prostacyclin activity in isolated lung metastases than in intact pulmonary tissue. PMID- 6684044 TI - Adriamycin in the treatment of relapsed primary malignant brain tumours. PMID- 6684043 TI - Cardiac output redistribution induced by noradrenaline in two murine tumor models. AB - The response of tumor vessels to vasoactive substances could provide useful information on experimental tumor biology. We have studied the effects of noradrenaline (20 micrograms/kg i.v.) on cardiac output (%CO) distribution in C57BL/6J mice bearing syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) and BALB/c mice with JW sarcoma (JWS). Mice were studied at different stages during tumor growth using microspheres labeled with 57Co (basal determination) or 58Co (after noradrenaline or saline). In control C57BL/6J mice noradrenaline induced a redistribution of CO, with an increase in the heart and brain and a decrease in the kidneys and hind limb muscle CO fractions (%CO). In 3LL-bearing mice the %CO to the tumor was not changed by noradrenaline 1 week after implantation but was significantly less after 2 and 3 weeks. %CO to the total lung tissue or to isolated metastases did not change after noradrenaline. In control BALB/c mice noradrenaline increased the %CO to the brain and decreased that to the kidneys and hind limb muscle. In JWS-bearing mice the %CO to the tumor was reduced 2 weeks after implantation, was not changed after 4 weeks and was increased after 6 weeks. These results suggest that tumor vessel reactivity to a vasoactive substance may change markedly during various phases of tumor growth and may differ in different experimental models. PMID- 6684046 TI - Acute leukemia in pregnancy: report of five cases treated with a combination which included a low dose of adriamycin. AB - Five cases of acute leukemia which developed in the course of pregnancy are reported. All five cases received combination therapy which included adriamycin. Two cases were treated during the first half of pregnancy. One of them aborted 2 weeks after commencing therapy but had severe homeostatic failure. The second had a successful pregnancy and delivered a normal infant. Three cases were treated during the second half of pregnancy. All had normal pregnancies and delivered normal infants. The babies have been followed up for periods ranging from 1 month to 3 yr and have shown normal growth and development. PMID- 6684045 TI - Classifying cancer of the lip: an epidemiological perspective. AB - A review of papers related to oral cancer reveals some non-uniformity in the classification of cancer of the lip. This paper examines the incidence of lip cancer in England and Wales using age-standardized and age- and sex-specific rates, and relates the results to those for other sites of oral cancer. There is a falling trend in age-adjusted incidence rates for lip cancer but not for intra oral cancers, and the age-specific incidence shows a plateau effect for lip cancer after about 75 yr of age, whereas the incidence rate continues to rise throughout life for intra-oral cancers. These differences underline the importance of classifying cancer of the lip separately from other oral cancers. PMID- 6684048 TI - The effect of tamoxifen on plasma growth hormone and prolactin in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. AB - The effect of tamoxifen on serum levels of basal prolactin and basal and stimulated growth hormone was assessed in 10 women with advanced breast cancer prior to and after 1 and 8 weeks of treatment. Tamoxifen had no effect on basal levels of either hormone or on insulin-stimulated growth hormone. Two of 4 patients undergoing arginine provocation testing had a partial response to tamoxifen and both exhibited marked diminution of growth hormone stimulation which was not seen in the non-responders. PMID- 6684047 TI - Intra-arterial adriamycin followed by surgery for limb sarcomas. Preliminary report. AB - A multimodal treatment schedule for operable soft tissue sarcomas is ongoing in our institution. The main purposes are to achieve an easier radical surgery with limb preservation and to lower the risk of local relapses. Patients with documented untreated soft tissue sarcoma of the lower limb are given continuous intra-arterial regional infusion with adriamycin consecutively for 8 days up to a dose of 100 mg/m2. Radical surgery is performed by the fourth day after infusion. Preliminary data on 13 cases are available: after infusion only 6 patients presented reduction of the tumor diameters, but almost all postoperative histological examinations revealed wide areas of necrosis (up to 100%) of tumor tissue (in 9 cases greater than 50%). In 4 patients surgical treatment was completed with radiotherapy. In 2 cases the preliminary indication to disarticulation could be modified in wide excision after the postinfusional tumor reduction. The toxicity of adriamycin was typical and acceptable. Further data will be available after adequate follow-up and when more patients enter the study. These data document the feasibility of this multimodal treatment and its validity in terms of specific tumor tissue toxicity and improved surgical approach. PMID- 6684049 TI - Androgen metabolism by human prostatic tumours in organ culture. AB - Metabolism of testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone were investigated in benign and malignant human prostatic tumours maintained for 48 hr in organ culture. When tritiated testosterone was used as substrate there were significant differences between the metabolic pathways of the two types of tumour. Whilst the benign tumour had a predominantly reductive pathway leading to the formation of 5 alpha-reduced metabolites of testosterone, an oxidative pathway producing androstenedione was found to be the major pathway operative in the intermediate and poorly differentiated malignant specimens studied. In contrast to these differences observed in the metabolic pathway of testosterone when tritiated 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone was used as substrate, no significant differences in the pattern of radiometabolites were observed. PMID- 6684050 TI - Effects of benzaldehyde on protein metabolism-of human cells cultivated in vitro. AB - The mechanism by which the antitumour agent benzaldehyde inhibits cell growth has been investigated. Human NHIK 3025 cells were synchronized by selection of mitotic cells and the protein content at various stages of the cell cycle was recorded by use of flow cytometry. In the presence of benzaldehyde (concentrations above 0.5 mM, approximately 50 micrograms/ml) the rate of protein accumulation was reduced to the same extent throughout the cell cycle. The rates of protein synthesis and protein degradation were measured by incorporation and release, respectively, of radioactively labelled valine in exponentially growing cells. It was found that benzaldehyde primarily reduced the rate of protein synthesis, while it induced only a very small effect (reduction) on the rate of protein degradation. When comparing the rate of cell-cycle progression with the rate of protein accumulation, it was found that the median interphase duration was equal to the protein doubling time even for concentrations of benzaldehyde giving a marked reduction in the rate of protein accumulation. Similar results have been observed on these cells using the specific protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. However, the two drugs have different effects during mitosis, since benzaldehyde but not cycloheximide induces a specific mitotic inhibition. It is, therefore, possible that benzaldehyde inhibits the protein synthesis by a mechanism different from that of cycloheximide, a mechanism which simultaneously results in a specific mitotic inhibition. A hypothesis is proposed on the mechanism of action of benzaldehyde: that the drug might inhibit a process in the cells which activates enzymes. Such an effect might possibly entail a reduced protein synthesis as well as a prolonged mitosis. In addition, it might also count for the reported de-transforming activity of benzaldehyde on malignant cells. PMID- 6684051 TI - Electrolyte and glucose metabolism in VX-2 carcinoma of the rabbit. AB - Biochemical and other parameters in VX-2 carcinoma in rabbits were evaluated. VX 2 carcinoma not only produced hypercalcemia but also hypophosphatemia and 25-OH vitamin D deficiency. An increased turnover of 25-OH-vitamin D seems likely. Serum parathyroid hormone and urinary cyclic AMP did not increase. Hypokalemia occurred in association with hypophosphatemia and lowered blood glucose within 1 week after tumor transplantation. At the end of the experiment glucose and insulin were both below the control range. It is concluded that VX-2 carcinoma in rabbits yields much more complex biochemical alterations than reported before on calcium metabolism. PMID- 6684052 TI - Reticuloendothelial function in normal and tumor-bearing rats. Measurements with a scintillation camera technique. AB - The function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) was evaluated after the inoculation of an experimental tumor in rats. Four groups were studied according to tumor size and site. Reticuloendothelial function was evaluated by measuring the biokinetics of a standardized [99Tcm]-sulfur colloid. Estimation of the uptake rate of the labeled colloid into the liver and other parts of the RES was performed through the use of a two-compartment model. Animals with small liver or subcutaneous tumors showed an increased activity of both the hepatic and the extrahepatic RES. Animals with large retroperitoneal tumors showed a significant decrease in the RE function of the liver. In these animals the function of the extrahepatic RES was not changed compared to controls but was, however, significantly decreased compared to animals with smaller tumors. The findings may reflect a difference in the impact of tumor size on RE function extra- and intrahepatically. PMID- 6684053 TI - Growth and histology of four canine mammary tumour lines established in nude mice. AB - A colony of nude (BALB/c/Nu/Nu) mice has been established and used to produce and study transplantable tumour lines derived from spontaneously occurring canine mammary neoplasms. Four primary tumours of differing morphological types were studied. Two were adenocarcinomas (MS306 and PD6014) with varying degrees of differentiation, the third (F5010) was a complex adenocarcinoma composed of both stromal and epithelial elements and the fourth (V5500) was a fibrosarcoma. Tumour fragments were implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of 4- to 6-week-old mice and resulted in tumour growth in each case. There was a latent period of 1 month for tumours PD6014, F5010 and V5500 and of 3 months for tumour MS306 before tumour growth ensured. After serial transplantation this period decreased to 1-2 weeks for the first 3 tumours and to 6 weeks for the last. After the initial lag period, tumour volume increased logarithmically in all cases with doubling times of 6-20 days. Each tumour line has been passaged through 3 serial transplantations with 3 of the tumours retaining their original histological appearance whilst the fourth became slightly more dedifferentiated. PMID- 6684054 TI - Initial characterisation of oestrogen receptors in canine mammary tumour lines maintained in nude mice. AB - Proteins binding oestradiol with high affinity and low capacity have been characterised and quantitated in 4 newly established canine mammary tumour lines, MS306, V5500, F5010 and PD6014, maintained in nude mice. These receptor proteins, specific for oestrogens, were found in all the tumour lines, both in initial implants and all subsequent passages. Receptors had equilibrium dissociation constants for oestradiol in the range of 33-210 pM, and sedimentation coefficients of 4 S and 8 S. PMID- 6684055 TI - Comparison between macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of tumour responsiveness using the subrenal capsule assay. AB - Using the subrenal capsule assay in normal mice, a histologic evaluation was made of 8 human primary ovarian tumours and 3 human colon, 2 lung and 5 ovarian carcinomas growing in serial passage in nude mice. The results of the evaluation indicated that there is a tumour- and drug-dependent correlation between the macroscopically and microscopically evaluated effects, with cyclophosphamide demonstrating excellent concordance but adriamycin and cisplatin both demonstrating consistently more tumour cell killing on histologic analysis than could be appreciated macroscopically. Leukocyte infiltration and fibrosis were greatly increased by the latter 2 drugs, leading to unrepresentative macroscopic measurements. Variable amounts of host cell infiltration can also be demonstrated in the untreated control when normal mice are used. The use of nude mice decreases the discrepancy between macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. PMID- 6684056 TI - In vivo dopamine receptor agonist binding in rat brain: relation with pharmacological effects. AB - The relation between in vivo rat striatal dopamine (DA) receptor binding of N,N dipropyl-2-amino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin (DiPr-5,6-ADTN) and the dopaminergic effects of this compound was studied. The results indicate that maximal stereotyped biting and gnawing was associated with maximal saturable binding. At doses which maximally decreased striatal acidic DA metabolite concentrations a 25% or less occupation of binding sites was found. It is suggested that total in vivo binding is associated with stereotypy but not with the biochemical effects. PMID- 6684057 TI - Effect of islet-activating protein (IAP) on contractile responses of rat vas deferens: evidence for participation of Ni (inhibitory GTP binding regulating protein) in the alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated response. AB - The effects of islet-activating protein (IAP) on the contractile responses of vas deferens to exogenous norepinephrine (NE) and electric stimulation (ES) were investigated. IAP treatment had no effect on the contractile response to NE. Pretreatment of the vas deferens with IAP (2.0 micrograms/ml) for 2 h however significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of clonidine on ES-induced contractile responses, suggesting that feedback inhibition of presynaptic alpha 2 adrenoceptors is mediated by the Ni subunit of presynaptic adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6684058 TI - Are prostaglandins involved in the mitogenic actions of hormones? AB - The possibility of the involvement of prostaglandins in the mediation and/or modulation of the mitogenic effects of hormones has been discussed. Such a possibility is suggested by the following principal observations: 1. Inhibitors of the prostaglandin synthesis suppress the mitogenic effects of certain hormones, 2. Prostaglandins can be mitogenic. 3. Various mitogenic hormones and non-hormonal mitogens stimulate the prostaglandin synthesis. Hormones are very well known to control the cell proliferation. However, the intracellular mechanisms by which hormones stimulate or suppress the cell growth remain still unclear. It is generally believed that steroid hormones influence the DNA synthesis through a direct interaction of the hormone-receptor complex with nuclear chromatin. On the other hand, the non-steroid hormones are presumed to act via the different intracellular messengers, like cyclic nucleotides, calcium ions and prostaglandins. The present paper attempts to summarize the evidence for the mediation or modulation of the growth-promoting effects of hormones by the latters. PMID- 6684059 TI - The influence of adrenaline on plasma testosterone in adult and newborn male rats. AB - In adult male intact and adrenalectomized rats a significant decrease of plasma testosterone was found following five days of subcutaneous treatment with adrenaline. LH was significantly decreased in adrenalectomized, adrenaline treated males. Plasma testosterone was also found to be diminished in the male offspring of females treated with adrenaline during pregnancy. In view of these findings catecholamines may also play a role in the stress-induced drop of plasma testosterone in adult animals as well as in the production of androgen deficiency in male fetuses and newborns of stress-exposed pregnant females. PMID- 6684060 TI - Effects of rostro-dorsal deafferentation of the hypothalamus on the onset of puberty in female rats. AB - Rostro-dorsal deafferentation of the hypothalamus by means of the preoptic-roof cut was performed in immature female rats at 17, 21 or 25 days of age, and the onset of puberty was recorded in these and in sham-deafferentated females. A significant delay of vaginal opening and the first ovulation was found following transection of the stria terminalis and fornix system on day 17 or day 25, whereas treatment on day 21 did not influence the onset of puberty. The findings may be explained on the basis of former results obtained after lesioning of the medial amygdala or ventral hippocampus at different ages. They suggest that the puberty-advancing effect of hypothalamic lesions does not depend upon the interruption of afferents from extrahypothalamic structures, but may be caused by the destruction of hypothalamic neurons and/or intrahypothalamic fibres. PMID- 6684061 TI - Effects of propylthiouracil, methimazole and thyroidectomy on liver and plasma proteins: differential response to thyroxine. AB - Differential effects of propylthiouracil (PTU), methimazole (MMI) and thyroidectomy (Tx) on liver and plasma proteins have been studied in rats, some of which have been simultaneously treated with L-thyroxine (T4). Although the absolute liver weights were lower in all hypothyroid groups, the relative liver weights (g/100 g) were significantly higher in PTU and MMI groups, while in Tx group they were lower. T4 administration raised the absolute liver weights in all groups, even though there was no significant difference between relative weights in PTU and MMI groups. In Tx group, however, the relative weight was restored to control level. One of the constituents responsible for the increased relative liver weight was liver protein. The increased liver protein concentration (mg/g) was, however, not reflected in the synthesis rate which was uniformly low in all groups inspite of T4 therapy. Plasma albumin concentration was raised in hypothyroid rats which did not respond to T4 therapy. On the other hand, increased total plasma protein level was restored to normal. Relative 14C-glycine incorporation into albumin, fibrinogen, seromucoids and total proteins was reduced from 14 to 30%, 5.2 to 19% and 13 to 23% of control in PTU, MMI and Tx groups, respectively. Of these, only MMI and Tx groups appeared to be responsive to T4 therapy. Of all the protein fractions, fibrinogen synthesis was least affected by various treatments. To some extent these observations may be explained on the basis of altered general endocrine status and specific extra thyroidal effects, rather than on the basis of thyroid status alone. PMID- 6684062 TI - Experimental hypo/hyperthyroidism in rats and the perinatal development of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system in comparison with the thyroid gland state and external features. AB - Neurophysin was detected immunohistochemically in the hypothalamo neurohypophysial system of Wistar rats not before fetal day 18. Formerly, neurophysin was identified on day 16 of intrauterine life using another breeding stock of Wistar rats, but the same immunohistochemical reagents. In pregnant rats, experimentally induced hypo/hyperthyroidism beginning with day 13 of gestation failed to show any evident influence on the first appearance of immunohistochemically detectable neurophysin during the fetal development. Otherwise, significant effects on fetal body growth and other external features as well as the fetal thyroid state and histochemically demonstrable thyroid peroxidase activity were shown. The influence of thiamazol on the fetal thyroid peroxidase points out a primary effect and indicates the permeability of the placenta to this antithyroid drug. PMID- 6684063 TI - Clonidine (Haemiton) as a reliable stimulus of growth hormone secretion in patients with short stature. AB - In 14 patients with short stature aged 4-14 years the effect of clonidine has been investigated. A single oral dose of 0.15 mg/m2 surface area is followed by a marked increase of hGH concentration in blood with a peak value between 60 and 90 min after the administration of the drug. The hGH increase caused by clonidine was comparable to the rise during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. In 5 patients both stimuli failed to increase hGH release. The test procedure is simple. It shows only minimum side effects and can therefore be especially recommended in outpatients. PMID- 6684064 TI - Plasma levels of oxytocin and vasopressin before, during and after parturition in cows. AB - In cows, plasma oxytocin and vasopressin were determined by specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays before, during and after parturition. In no case, oxytocin is elevated until the forelimbs of the foetus were distending the vagina and presenting at the vulva, supporting the view that endogenous maternal oxytocin does not primarily induce parturition. This finding is confirmed by simultaneous recording of myometrial electrical activity in 3 animals. Maximal oxytocin levels of 60.4 to 116 pg/ml plasma were measured at delivery of the foetus. The elevation in plasma vasopressin (peak values at delivery: 4.74 to 41.5 pg/ml) might be due, at least partially, to the increase in plasma osmolality during parturition. PMID- 6684065 TI - [Pregnancy and hyperprolactinemia]. AB - After endocrinological and radiological evaluation of a hyperprolactinemia 13 patients became pregnant under bromocriptine therapy. In two of these patients a selective adenomectomy was performed by the transphenoidal route because of a prolactin (PRL) secreting adenoma. In 12 patients the pregnancy was not complicated. The serum PRL levels were different but mostly in a normal range. The control of x-ray and visual field in patients with a rapid increase of the PRL levels did not result in a tumor recurrence. After a normal course of the serum PRL concentrations one patient with a microadenoma developed suddenly a chiasma syndrome in the 31th week of gestation. The further evaluation resulted in a pituitary tumor with suprasellar extension. The discrepancy between the radiological result and the normal serum PRL levels was explained by a hemorrhage into the adenoma. After the operation the chiasma syndrome was reversible within a short period. Altogether, the course of the pregnancies was not complicated. We did not see fetal malformations. Post partum the sella x-ray of all patients did not reveal any significant changes so far. PMID- 6684066 TI - Cortical evoked potential changes during classical conditioning of morphine dependence in rats. AB - A classical conditioning experiment was designed to determine if a conditioned neural response would develop and persist in cortical evoked potentials elicited by a foreleg stimulus (CS+) that was paired with morphine administration during the development of dependence and subsequent withdrawal. A stimulus to the other foreleg (CS-) was presented explicitly unpaired with morphine delivery. After dependence was established, the rats were taken from the experimental chamber and withdrawn from morphine for 6 days in their home cages. Finally, during the testing phase, the animals were returned to the experimental chamber and the foreleg stimuli were presented. The CS+ was paired with either morphine or saline injections. Changes due to both morphine effects only and conditioning were observed. The conditioned response, however, was present only in the cortical evoked potentials recorded from those animals receiving contralateral foreleg stimulation as the CS+. The conditioned neural response persisted after withdrawal and was present in both the drug-free and morphine-intoxicated animals. These results provide support for the relapse theory that a nonextinguished conditioned response is retained after withdrawal. However, further experiments are necessary to determine if these conditioned responses can elicit drug-seeking behavior. PMID- 6684067 TI - Fate of rabbit eggs transferred asynchronously to the oviducts or uteri of oestradiol-treated recipients after ovulation. AB - The effectiveness of 200 micrograms oestradiol benzoate (ODB) given at various times following ovulation, to overcome a 3-4-day difference in ovulation times between donor and recipient was examined. In approximately half of the recipients in which the interval from the administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) to ODB was 2 days, some of the eggs implanted. With a 4-day interval, however, neither implantations nor degenerate blastocysts were found at autopsy on days 11 or 12 in recipients of either tubal or uterine eggs. PMID- 6684068 TI - Rupture of the uterus during labor without apparent cause. AB - Spontaneous uterine rupture at term during labor of a non-scarred uterus under epidural anaesthesia is reported in a 17-yr-old primigravida. This exceptional event may lead to catastrophic maternal and fetal consequences. The authors discuss the prevention and diagnosis of this obstetrical complication. PMID- 6684069 TI - Hepatic fibrosis in fetal alcohol syndrome. Pathologic similarities to adult alcoholic liver disease. AB - The light- and electron-microscopic changes in a biopsy of the liver obtained at age 17 mo from a child with fetal alcohol syndrome were studied. At the time of biopsy, hepatomegaly and raised serum transaminases were present as well as neurologic and growth defects and the typical facial anomalies seen in this syndrome. Light microscopy of the liver biopsy specimen revealed parenchymal fat with portal and perisinusoidal fibrosis. Ultrastructurally, perisinusoidal spaces contained deposits of intermediate-size and large collagen fibers, myofibroblasts and occasional Ito cells, and subendothelial basement membrane-like material. These changes resemble those seen in adult human and baboon alcoholic liver disease and suggest that hepatic fibrosis in fetal alcohol syndrome has a similar pathogenesis. PMID- 6684070 TI - A rapid in vivo bioassay of the ovulation hormone of Lymnaea stagnalis. AB - The neurosecretory caudo-dorsal cells (CDC) of the basommatopora Lymnaea stagnalis produce an ovulation hormone (CDCH), which is released at the periphery of the intercerebral commissure (COM). A rapid in vivo bioassay for CDCH has been established and is based on the dose-dependent relationship between the quantity of injected CDCH (COM-extract) and the number of snails responding with the first stages of the egg-mass production process, as determined 30 min after injection. Three types of scores can be distinguished: (1) no response (very low CDCH doses), (2) ovulation only (O), and (3) ovulation and packaging (O + P). With increasing CDCH doses the number of snails responding with O, O + P, and oviposition increases. It is shown that the O response first increases followed by a decrease, while simultaneously, the P response increases. This is caused by the fact that the packaging latency is dose dependent, i.e., at low doses it is greater than 30 min, whereas at higher doses it is less than 30 min. This agrees with the finding that at low doses the oviposition latencies are longer (ca. 20 min) than at higher doses. The size of the egg mass is not dose dependent. Several factors that influence the responses upon which the bioassay is based have been analyzed, i.e., refractory period, photoperiod, and day-to-day variability of the assay snails. Experiments relating to the development of a bioassay are reported. The half-life of injected CDCH appeared to be 30-40 min. PMID- 6684071 TI - Diurnal variations of melatonin and N-acetylserotonin in the tissues of quails (Coturnix sp.), pigeons (Columba livia), and chickens (Gallus domesticus). AB - The levels of melatonin and N-acetylserotonin in the pineal, serum, retina, and brain of quails (Coturnix sp.), pigeons (Columba livia), and chickens (Gallus domesticus) were studied. The birds were kept under a photoperiod of 12 hr light and 12 hr dark for a minimum of 5 days before they were decapitated at midlight or middark under a 25 W red light. Melatonin and N-acetylserotonin in the pineal, serum, retina, and brain samples were extracted and determined by radioimmunoassay. It was found that the levels of melatonin in all the tissues collected in the dark period were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than the melatonin levels of the tissues obtained in the light period. Similarly, N acetylserotonin levels in the pineal and retinal of birds collected in the dark period were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those collected in the light period. But the levels of N-acetylserotonin in the serum and brain samples collected in the daytime were not significantly different from those collected in the nighttime. The results suggest that in quails, pigeons, and chickens, diurnal rhythms of melatonin are present in the pineal, serum, retina, and brain, but diurnal rhythms of N-acetylserotonin may only be present in the pineal and retina. PMID- 6684072 TI - [Physical development indices of children and adolescents in genetic monitoring]. AB - The significance of physical development parameters of children and teen-agers in assessment of the state of health in this population group is emphasized. A brief analysis of some investigators' viewpoints relative to the ratio of biological and social factors in the physical development of children is given. Novel methodical approaches to more exact tabulation of the data concerning the physical development of children and teen-agers are suggested, instead of regional scales of regression generally used in this country. Statistical parameters of height-subgroup and not those of the whole age-sex group are assumed as a basis for such tables. These tables applicable for a long-term use all over the country will enhance reliability and the value of work within the programme of genetic monitoring of the population physical development. Attention is drawn to the significance of size variations in weight-, height- and other subgroups (except for the traditional parameters) in the whole age-sex group. Quite as important is determination and control of values of weight/height and other ratios in each height-subgroup. PMID- 6684073 TI - [Amplification of portions of the genome in the somatic cells of mammals resistant to colchicine. IV. Genetic transformation using amplified genes from Djungarian hamster cells highly resistant to colchicine]. AB - DNA-mediated transfer of colchicine-resistance from Djungarian hamster DM5/7 cell line, 750-fold resistant to the drug, was studied. The resistance to colchicine of DM5/7 cells is due to amplification of the genes, possibly coding for the polypeptide p22. Both high-molecular weight DNA (presumably, chromosomal DNA) and low-molecular weight DNA (presumably, extrachromosomal DNA) effectively transferred the colchicine-resistance to Djungarian hamster and mouse cells. DNA of sensitive to colchicine but resistant to ouabain mouse cells CAK-143OuaR was not capable to transfer colchicine-resistance, but effectively transferred ouabain-resistance connected with a mutation in Na+/K+-dependent ATP-ase locus. The differences in genetic transformation with amplified p22 genes and mutant Na+/K+-dependent ATP-ase genes were revealed. All cells of 3 colchicine-resistant transformants of DM-15 cells and all 10 spontaneously derived resistant clones contain the additional chromosome 4. The role of trisomy 4 in the development of colchicine-resistance in DM-15 cells is discussed. PMID- 6684074 TI - [Amplification of portions of the genome in the somatic cells of mammals resistant to colchicine. V. The induction of gene amplification in the cells of the Djungarian hamster and the mouse]. AB - The influence of some agents on gene amplification in Djungarian hamster and mouse cells was studied. The tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) increase the incidence of colchicine-resistance, connected with amplification of the genes, which probably encode the polypeptide p22. The highest frequency of gene amplification was observed after the pretreatment of cells with TPA, which enhanced the number of colchicine-resistant colonies 44-200-fold. Mitostatic agents colchicine and colcemid increased the number of methotrexate-resistant cells, 2.0-6.5 times. These cells usually arise as the result of amplification of dihydrofolate reductase genes. Dexamethasone and ethidium bromide did not change the portion of cells resistant to colchicine. Ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) decreased the number of colchicine-resistant cells. The cells of two Djungarian hamster colchicine-resistant clones obtained after treatment with TPA did not differ from those of spontaneously derived colchicine-resistant clones. Both have similar survival patterns in the medium with different colchicine concentrations, unstable inheritance of the drug resistance, the additional chromosome 4 and small chromatin bodies-the structures containing the amplified genes. Possible mechanisms of the induction of gene amplification by the agents used are discussed. PMID- 6684075 TI - [Genetic relationship between the neurological (excitability thresholds) and the behavioral characteristics of mouse strains and their hybrids]. AB - The comparative genetic analysis of 16 inbred mouse strains was carried out for excitability thresholds of peripherical parts of the nervous system, viability to learning, short-term memory and exploratory activity in different experimental conditions. The high positive correlation was shown between excitability thresholds of different parts of the peripherical nervous system, the high negative correlation being established between excitability thresholds, viability to learning, short-term memory and exploratory activity. The data led to the conclusion about the existence of the pleiotropic effect of genes controlling the excitability thresholds, on peculiarities of behaviour. This was confirmed by the findings obtained in the study of various hybrids, which point to the similar way of inheritance of excitability thresholds and behavioural patterns. PMID- 6684077 TI - In vivo studies on the antitumor effect of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) against transplantable ovarian adenocarcinoma cells of the rat. AB - Both prolongation of survival and inhibition of tumor growth were observed in rats inoculated with 5 X 10(5) cloned ovarian adenocarcinoma (ROT68/C1) cells when they were administered intraperitoneally with cis dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (Cisplatin) at doses of from 1 to 4 mg/kg body wt every 3 weeks or one-third of the dose every week. However, the effects were not dose-schedule dependent and administration of 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks appeared to be the most effective. In contrast to nontreated controls, rats treated with Cisplatin developed both degeneration and necrosis particularly in tumor cells located around the capillaries, and thrombus formation was detected on the inside of many capillaries. Severe nephro- and hepatotoxicities were demonstrated after four courses of Cisplatin administration at doses of 2 mg/kg or more every 3 weeks. PMID- 6684076 TI - Acute and chronic immunological response to dietary antigen. AB - On separate mornings at 14 day intervals groups of six to eight healthy fasting male volunteers drank a 5.5 MJ test meal containing 20% milk, egg or soya protein, or a control protein free preparation. Using a Clq binding test, marked but transient rises in circulating immune complexes were detected 30-120 minutes after the milk and egg meals but not with soya or the control. No such changes were seen when complexes were measured by Raji cell immunoassay. Food antigen specific antibodies were present in the plasma of all subjects but showed no consistent pattern of variation in the postprandial period. In most volunteers a chronic increase in milk (three weeks) or soya (six weeks) consumption produced no changes in circulating immune complexes or antibodies to dietary protein. Although two of 16 milk and six of 52 soya volunteers had substantial rises of one or more classes of plasma food antigen specific antibodies they were matched by a similar number in which a decrease was recorded. These results indicate that the formation of circulating immune complexes may be a physiological response to a large load of dietary antigen but that in most adults a chronic increase of milk or soya consumption does not affect food antibody or immune complex concentrations. PMID- 6684078 TI - Changes in the diurnal rhythms of plasma cortisol in women during the third trimester of pregnancy. AB - We have examined whether there are changes in the day-night variation in plasma cortisol in normal women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Maximum cortisol values at 07.30-10.30 h were similar at 30-31, 34-35 and 38-39 weeks of pregnancy. The daily increment in plasma cortisol (fold change) was greater, and the trough values lower at 30-31 than at 38-39 weeks. The time taken for plasma cortisol to fall to 50% of the morning maximum values was longer at 38-39 weeks than at 30-31 weeks of pregnancy. These changes in cortisol rhythms may have implications with respect to alterations in circadian patterns of maternal steroid concentrations as well as fetal biophysical functions. PMID- 6684079 TI - Relation between diurnal changes in peripheral plasma progesterone, cortisol, and estriol in normal women at 30-31, 34-35, and 38-39 weeks of gestation. AB - To determine the relation of diurnal changes in plasma progesterone to those in cortisol and estriol we measured the concentrations of progesterone, cortisol and estriol in samples of plasma taken at 30- to 60-min intervals throughout 24 h from women at 30-31, 34-35, and 38-39 weeks of gestation. Plasma progesterone showed a significant diurnal rhythm at 30-31 and at 34-35 weeks of pregnancy, with troughs at 04.30-10.00 h. Major peaks occurred between 15.30 and 02.30 h. There was no diurnal rhythm in progesterone at 38-39 weeks. Plasma progesterone showed a significant negative correlation with plasma cortisol at 30-31 and 34-35 but not at 38-39 weeks. Plasma progesterone showed a significant positive correlation with estriol at 34-35 and at 38-39 weeks. We suggest that daily fluctuations in plasma progesterone may be related to the concentration of plasma cortisol, either directly by competition for binding sites on transcortin, or indirectly after modulation of fetal pituitary-adrenal function by maternally derived glucocorticoid. PMID- 6684080 TI - Absorbable polyglactin mesh for retropubic sling operations in female urinary stress incontinence. AB - Mesh of absorbable polyglactin 910 instead of human tissues or nonabsorbable synthetic materials was utilized for retropubic sling procedures in 21 women with urinary stress incontinence. The patients have been observed for a period ranging from 4 to 14 months. 20 of them are continent while there was 1 relapse after 2 months. The postoperative complications were minimal, and there has been no instance of foreign body reaction. PMID- 6684081 TI - [Determination of mental dependence liability of drugs using small animals. 3. Selective drinking behavior of mice caused by dependence-liable drugs]. AB - Using mice, drug solution-directed drinking behavior was investigated in the choice test between drug solution and tap water following various regimes of pretreatment. In the preliminary experiments, the concentration of the drug solution for the pretreatment and choice test and also the dose of injection was determined for each drug, depending on the amount of the drug to produce its CNS action without any undesirable toxic effect. The duration of pretreatment and the succeeding choice test was also settled as 6 days. Animals forcedly given morphine or cocaine as the drinking solution during pretreatment showed elevated preference for drug solution in the choice test. High grade preference was demonstrated for cocaine and amphetamine solution after pretreatment with injections of the drugs. Combined pretreatment potentiated the effect of these drugs. With barbital or ethanol, no appreciable reinforcing effect was found under the present experimental conditions. Thus, in addition to the experience with the drug solution, the injection of the drug facilitated the development of preference for the drug and demonstrates the positive reinforcing properties of the drugs which possess high grade psychic dependence liability. The validity of mice for the purpose of screening psychic dependence liable drugs and the restrictions on its application are discussed. PMID- 6684082 TI - [Effects of codeine and morphine on the primary humoral immunity of the respiratory tract]. AB - To investigate the effects of centrally acting antitussive drugs, codeine and morphine, on the humoral immunity in the respiratory tract, male guinea pigs were immunized either systemically (i.p.) or locally (intratracheally, i.t.) with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The development of plaque-forming cells (PFC) was determined using the spleen (S-PFC) and tracheobronchial lymph node cells (T PFC). (I) Number of S-PFC after i.p. immunization increased to the maximum on day 5. Peak number of S-PFC and T-PFC after i.t. immunization occurred on day 6. (II) i.p. immunization: The drugs were given i.p. for 5 days before or for 4 days after immunization. Morphine (5 mg/kg) given prior to the immunization decreased spleen cellularity. Pretreatments with codeine (15 mg/kg) and morphine (5 mg/kg) also markedly inhibited the number of S-PFC. These drugs given after the immunization hardly affected the number of S-PFC. (III) i.t. immunization: The drugs were given for 5 days before or after the immunization. Codeine (15 mg/kg) given prior to the immunization inhibited the number of S-PFC. Codeine (3, 15 mg/kg) and morphine (1, 5 mg/kg) given before and after the immunization markedly inhibited the number of T-PFC, dose-dependently. These results indicate that codeine and morphine affect the humoral immunity both locally in the respiratory tract and systemically, which cautions against an easygoing use in respiratory diseases. PMID- 6684083 TI - [Vocal behavior of adult males and superspecific organization in polyspecific troops of monkeys]. AB - Analysis of the vocal behaviour of adult males from different species of Cercopithecus monkeys in a polyspecific troop shows important species differences, which suggest a superspecific organization upon which the extraordinary stability of certain polyspecific associations can depend. In the community studied, the male Cercopithecus pogonias generally controlled the formation and disbanding of polyspecific troops, coordinated their movements and the spacing between troops, while Cercopithecus cephus seemed to be the 'follower' species. However, the roles were divided for defence against predators: male C. pogonias gave warning of aerial predators, while male C. cephus generally gave the alarm against terrestrial predators. PMID- 6684084 TI - Introduction and dominance manipulations involving old rhesus males. AB - Many investigators may feel that studies involving group manipulations involving older animals are untenable, fearing that such manipulations may harm or over stress aged subjects. The present study demonstrates the safety of a technique which not only introduced aged rhesus monkeys into two groups, but resulted in their attaining planned dominance rank positions in each of the groups: one set of 4 as the highest ranking and the other set of 4 as the lowest ranking. The manipulation also effected the social behavior of the old animals isolating the high ranking males from social activity in their group. PMID- 6684085 TI - Foetal head growth retardation due to antiepileptic drugs: with reference to GH, TSH, T4, T3 and reverse T3 concentrations. AB - To study the mechanisms of inhibitory action of antiepileptic drugs on foetal head growth, determinations were made of the growth hormone, thyrotropin and thyroid hormone levels in the sera of pregnant women, and the correlations between each hormone concentration and the foetal head circumference were studied. The thyroxine level decreased in the maternal serum and in the cord blood, and the thyrotropin level also became lower in the epileptic mother taking antiepileptic drugs. The growth hormone level in the umbilical vein sample of the epileptic mother was lower than that in the controls. The correlations between the head circumference of an infant at delivery and the decreased levels of the hormones seemed to indicate that a decrease in the thyroxine level, caused by antiepileptic drugs, produced the foetal head growth retardation. PMID- 6684086 TI - [The effect of certain contributing factors in the activation of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6684087 TI - [Manifestations of enthesiopathic changes in ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis]. PMID- 6684088 TI - [Endocrine myopathy or polymyositis?]. PMID- 6684090 TI - [Bioclimate and climate therapy in Marienbad]. PMID- 6684089 TI - [HLA system antigens in gouty arthritis]. PMID- 6684091 TI - [The importance of therapeutic physical training in the spa therapy of patients with chronic constipation]. PMID- 6684092 TI - Effect of pinealectomy on heat-induced endocrine changes in female rats. AB - Exposure of pinealectomized rats to high ambient temperature (35 degrees C; PXH) brought about a diminution in pituitary weight and LH content when compared to their sham-operated peers (35 degrees C) or to pinealectomized controls (22 degrees C). Serum corticosterone level of PXH rats was significantly depressed while heat or pinealectomy alone had no effect. Mean oestrous cycle length was prolonged and blood serum progesterone was increased in the heat-exposed rats. However, the extended oestrous cycles and elevated serum progesterone levels of heat-exposed rats were depressed or abolished by pineal ablation. Thus, the pineal appears to exert a moderating effect on heat-induced endocrine changes in female rats. No changes were noticed in uterine and ovarian weights corrected for body weights either on the day of vaginal opening, at occurrence of the oestrous phase expressed as percentage of total oestrous cycle, or in N-acetyltransferase and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activities. PMID- 6684093 TI - Epithelioid sarcoma: a tumour of myofibroblasts. AB - A case of epithelioid sarcoma of scalp has been studied by light and electron microscopy, histochemistry and immunocytochemistry. The results suggest that epithelioid sarcoma is a tumour of myofibroblasts. The epithelioid appearance results from gross and disordered accumulation of cytoplasmic intermediate filaments (10 nm diameter), possibly of desmin type, producing the misleading light microscopical resemblance to epithelioid histiocytes and biphasic pattern of synovial sarcoma. The cause of the filament accumulation is unknown but it may represent a degenerative change leading to necrosis, a characteristic feature of epithelioid sarcoma. PMID- 6684094 TI - Female sexual behavior displayed by androgenized female rhesus macaques. AB - Adult, prenatally androgenized female rhesus macaques (female pseudohermaphrodites) that had been ovariectomized were treated with estradiol benzoate (20 micrograms/day) and paired with males at weekly intervals for 4 weeks beginning on Day 12 of injection. Their sexual behavior was compared to that of a control group of females. The sexual behavior of the males toward the two groups of genetic females (control females with normal female genitalia and hermaphrodites with well-formed male genitalia) was also observed. Females and hermaphrodites were equally receptive to male invitations to copulate. Although there were some differences in the specific components of proceptive behavior displayed by the two groups, the overall differences were negligible. Earlier studies had shown that infant and juvenile hermaphrodites resemble males in patterns of play and sexual behavior. When treated with testosterone as adults and paired with receptive females, they displayed mounting patterns typical of males--one of seven hermaphrodites achieved intromission and ejaculated. It has now been demonstrated that when treated with estrogen and paired with males, they responded as females. Hence, the capacity to behave sexually as males is not incompatible with the capacity to respond sexually as females under certain hormonal and environmental conditions. PMID- 6684095 TI - Suppression of estrous cycle of female mice by ovariectomized females. PMID- 6684096 TI - Productivity takes on new importance under prospective pricing. PMID- 6684097 TI - Genetic aspects of hemifacial microsomia. AB - The majority of patients with hemifacial microsomia (HM) including Goldenhar syndrome are sporadic cases. The sporadic nature of this disorder is emphasized by the discordant occurrence of HM in one of female monozygotic twins reported here. Previous publications, however, also suggest autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive modes of inheritance. Possible formes frustes will also have to be considered when giving genetic counsel. PMID- 6684099 TI - Alcohol and related dietary effects on mouse natural killer-cell activity. AB - Natural killer (NK) cell activity of spleen cells from female C57BL/6 mice receiving 10% w/v alcohol solution for 4 weeks was studied in mice fed a nutritionally complete crystalline amino-acid diet and in mice fed diets moderately deficient in (i) tyrosine and phenylalanine or (ii) methionine. Natural killer cell activity was determined in a 4-hr cytolytic chromium-release assay against YAC-1 lymphoma cells. Alcohol consumption did not effect NK cell mediated lysis irrespective of nutritional status; however, NK-cell activity was depressed in mice fed the tyrosine- and phenylalanine-deficient diet and was enhanced in mice fed the methionine-deficient diet. These data suggest that the changes in immune function often observed in alcoholics may be more closely linked to dietary and nutritional status than to the direct effects of the ingested alcohol. PMID- 6684100 TI - Histological observations on the intestinal immune response towards horseradish peroxidase in rats. AB - The intestine immune response in rats following immunization with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was studied morphologically. Various routes of immunization (intraperitoneal, intravenous, intraenteric and intra-Peyer's patch) were tested. Single injections did not evoke any specific antibody-containing (anti-HRP) cells in Peyers' patches (PP) and lamina propria of the small intestine. Only an intraperitoneal or intraenteric booster injection following intraperitoneal priming induced the formation of anti-HRP cells in PP and lamina propria. In the initial period of the immune response most of the anti-HRP cells were blast cells which were located mainly within the thymus-dependent interfollicular area of PP. Later on in the immune response more than 90% of the anti-HRP cells were located in the lamina propria of the villi and had the morphology of plasma cells. PMID- 6684101 TI - Influence of isolation stress on monoamine levels in discrete regions of the rat brain correlated with behaviour. AB - Various forms of stressful stimuli have been shown to affect brain catecholamine (CA) and indoleamine (IA) levels, although the literature contains some conflicting views. Changes in monoamine levels were also found to accompany the behavioural changes in animals. In the present study an attempt was made to correlate the behavioural changes with the monoamine level in discrete regions of rat brain after different periods of isolation stress. The results clearly indicate that not only the central norepinephrine and dopamine neurons involved in the expression of aggressive behaviour after isolation stress but also the serotoninergic neurons might take part. PMID- 6684098 TI - Establishment of cell strains from human urothelial carcinoma and their morphological characterization. AB - We have examined the conditions for cultivation of enzymatically dispersed cells from 34 human urothelial transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of various types. By employing two culture methods, stationary and tapping suspension, and by using the synthetic medium DM 160 supplement with human umbilical cord serum and fetal bovine serum, six cell strains were established. In two strains the tapping suspension culture method was suitable for growth of highly malignant cancer cells that detach easily from the glass surface in stationary cultures. Each of the six cell strains has been maintained in culture for over 30 months with repeated subcultures of 32 to 128 times. The histopathological features of the original TCC were three differentiated papillary types and three anaplastic nonpapillary types. In two cell strains from TCC with low malignancy, however, the cancer masses that formed in nude mice differed from the original TCC in which they became more malignant, and one cell strain resembled the original TCC closely. In three stationary culture cell strains the epithelial nature was demonstrated by the presence of desmosomes and tonofilaments. In one cell strain only tonofilaments were present. In two tapping suspension culture cell strains the presence of desmosomes was not shown clearly, but fine tonofilaments were observed in one cell strain. PMID- 6684102 TI - The effect of high fat and high carbohydrate cafeteria diets on diet-induced thermogenesis in the rat. AB - Young rats fed cafeteria diets of mixed composition, high fat or high carbohydrate (CHO) content exhibited hyperphagia, but the high-fat diet produced the largest, and the high-CHO the smallest increases in energy intake compared to stock-fed controls. Energy expenditure was increased and energetic efficiency reduced by all forms of the cafeteria diet, thus minimizing excess body energy and weight gains. Hypertrophy of brown adipose tissue (BAT) occurred in all cafeteria-fed rats. In separate rats fed a mixed composition cafeteria diet, the acute thermic response to fat was slightly greater than that to CHO, but for stock-fed controls the response to both nutrients was similar. Fat produced increases in thermogenesis in the acute and chronic experiments that were as large as those due to CHO, and these could be due to activation of the sympathetic nervous system or to direct stimulation of BAT metabolism. PMID- 6684104 TI - The 'enlightened' view of aging: victorian morality in a new key. PMID- 6684103 TI - Premenstrual tension: psychological aspects. PMID- 6684105 TI - Solubility of low-solubility chromates and their clastogenic activity in cultured cells. PMID- 6684106 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in two horses. PMID- 6684107 TI - Fermentation, isolation and characterization of antibiotic PR-1350. AB - A number of strains of Oidiodendron truncatum was shown to produce a new antibiotic, PR-1350, which was isolated in the form of an amorphous powder either directly or via a crystalline monomethanolate, PR-1381, which in solution is reconverted to the parent compound. The antibiotic inhibits a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro, and has been shown to be active against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice. Biosynthetic considerations based on the results of [1-13C]acetate incorporation indicate that the antibiotic is a diterpene of the clerodane type. PMID- 6684108 TI - Microbial hydroxylation of ML-236B (compactin). Studies on microorganisms capable of 3 beta-hydroxylation of ML-236B. AB - Various microorganisms were tested for capability to hydroxylate of ML-236B at the 3 beta-position. As the result, it was found that this ability was limited to a small group of microorganisms, mainly Zygomycetes in fungi, and Nocardia in actinomycetes. PMID- 6684109 TI - Ultrastructure of the lining of the scala tympani of the bat, Pteronotus parnellii. AB - The cells lining the scala tympani of the cochlea of Pteronotus p. parnellii were studied in whole mount preparations and with light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. On the basis of structure and location three different cell types were recognized: (1) those lying on the undersurface of the basilar membrane; (2) those covering the internal surface of most of the otic capsule; and (3) those associated with a thick layer of osmiophilic substance and restricted to a specific region in the basal turn. The cells associated with the osmiophilic substance were strikingly different from the other cells; they were relatively rich in organelles and had a Golgi complex which appeared to produce granules which coalesced both intracellularly and extracellularly to form the osmiophilic layer. The function and composition of the osmiophilic substance is unknown but it seems to be unique to Pteronotus parnellii and related subspecies known to have greatly enlarged perilymphatic scalae and unusual hearing capacities associated with Doppler shift compensation sonar. PMID- 6684111 TI - Maternal performance over three parities in rats selected for rate or efficiency of protein gain. AB - Direct, maternal and heterosis effects were estimated for preweaning traits over three parities, with unstandardized litters, in rats selected for 14 generations for rate (LG) or efficiency (LE) of postweaning protein gain. In generation 25, after 11 generations of relaxed selection, 60 males and females from each of the selected lines and the control (C) line were mated in a 3 X 3 diallel. Two more parities were produced by remating the females at each weaning. Loss of female breeders due to infertility and death was higher in the selected lines (LG 43%, LE 40%, C 27%). Rebreeding intervals in parities 2 and 3 were 3.1 (P less than .01) and 3.0 (P less than .10) d longer in LG compared with C, while LE was similar to C. Heterosis was significant only for litter size born and it was negative. Because the estimate included all line interactions, negative heterosis could arise from incompatibilities between sperm and ova or embryo and uterus. Both selected lines, but especially LE, had positive direct effects and negative maternal effects on litter size born and weaned. Maternal effects of LG on average pup weight were similar or slightly better than C, while lactational performance was lower in LE. PMID- 6684110 TI - First luteal tissue in ewe lambs: influence on subsequent ovarian activity and response to hysterectomy. AB - Two experiments were conducted in peripuberal ewe lambs to determine (a) the influence of the first luteal structure [most frequently a transient (i.e., 1 to 4 d) structure] on subsequent ovarian activity and (b) a role for the uterus in its demise. In Exp. 1, 21 lambs were assigned randomly on the day of the first rise in progesterone in the plasma to (1) sham-operation, (2) removal of the nonluteal ovary, (3) removal of the luteal ovary and (4) removal of the luteal ovary plus progesterone replacement (5 mg given three times 12 h apart, initiated at surgery). No effect of treatment on subsequent ovarian activity was observed. In Exp. 2, four of 14 lambs were assigned randomly to be hysterectomized before their first rise in progesterone. The remaining 10 lambs, (five each) were sham operated or hysterectomized on the day of the first rise in progesterone. All hysterectomized lambs (N = 9) exhibited a rise in progesterone and maintained elevated concentrations of progesterone, whereas sham-operated lambs initiated estrous cycles. Oviducts and uteri collected from lambs hysterectomized on the day of the first rise in progesterone in Exp. 2 were flushed for presence of oocytes and none were found. Similarly, no retained oocytes were found in histological preparations of first luteal structures obtained from eight lambs ovariectomized in Exp. 1. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin were determined in daily samples collected from 19 lambs in Exp. 1. Luteinizing hormone increased and became more variable as lambs matured, whereas prolactin decreased with no detectable change in variability. It is concluded that the transient luteal structure is not required for sexual maturation and that its lifespan is uterine dependent. PMID- 6684112 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). PMID- 6684113 TI - Identification of subunits of RNA polymerase II from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - A procedure was developed for large scale purification of RNA polymerase II from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. About 2 mg of purified enzyme was obtained from 800 g of wet cells. Ten subunits were identified which behaved corresponding to the enzyme activity both on DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and on glycerol density gradient centrifugation. Analysis of tryptic peptides of each subunit showed that these subunits were independent proteins and not structurally related to each other. PMID- 6684114 TI - Cross-linking study on skeletal muscle actin: interaction of suberimidate-treated actin with deoxyribonuclease I. AB - We have recently reported that actin modified with dimethyl suberimidate takes a filamentous form even under depolymerizing conditions, and this phenomenon is accounted for by the conformational fixation caused by the introduction of an intramolecular cross-link (Ohara, O., Takahashi, S., Ooi, T., & Fujiyoshi, Y. (1982) J. Biochem. 91, 1999-2012). The suberimidate-treated actin (SA) is not immediately depolymerized by deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) but is depolymerized after incubation for one day, i.e., depolymerization is much slower than that for intact F-actin. The results on circular dichroic spectra of a mixture of SA and DNase I suggest that DNase I flips the conformation of SA into a G-actin-like state from the F-actin-like one when a tight SA-DNase I complex is formed. The suberimidate cross-link introduced in an SA molecule does not completely prevent the conformational change from the F-state to the G-state but stabilizes the actin conformation very greatly in the F-state. PMID- 6684116 TI - Tyrosine protein kinase activity of rat spleen and other tissues. AB - Using a synthetic peptide (Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg-Arg-Gly) as a substrate, various normal tissues from the rat were probed for tyrosine protein kinase activity. Spleen was shown to contain much higher tyrosine protein kinase activity than other rat tissues (lung, brain, testes, liver, kidney, heart, and thymus, in decreasing order of specific activity). Most of the tyrosine protein kinase activity of the various rat tissues (greater than 80%) was present in the particulate fraction, and Nonidet P-40, a nonionic detergent, could activate the particulate form of the enzyme 2-20-fold in many of the tissues. Epidermal growth factor (1 microgram/ml), cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, or Ca2+ did not increase spleen tyrosine protein kinase activity. Half-maximal enzyme activity was observed at 60 80 microM MgATP and at 2.2 mM peptide, and both Mg2+ (10 mM) and Mn2+ (0.5-1.0 mM) were effective divalent metal ions for the expression of activity. When the particulate fraction of spleen was incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of Na dodecyl SO4, a number of alkali-stable bands were identified by autoradiography. Two major bands at Mr = 53,000 and 56,000 were shown to contain phosphotyrosine. Two similar alkali stable bands containing phosphotyrosine but with lower amounts of 32P labeling were also observed in the particulate fractions of various other tissues (lung, brain, kidney, and testes). The particulate form of tyrosine protein kinase of rat spleen could be solubilized by using high concentrations of Nonidet P-40 (5%) at an alkaline pH (pH 9.0). Partial purification and subsequent filtration on Sephacryl S-200 yielded a peak of tyrosine protein kinase activity with an apparent molecular weight of 55,000. The two major phosphorylated bands of Mr = 53,000 and 56,000 co-migrated with the peak of enzyme activity. The solubilized and partially purified enzyme preparation phosphorylated only tyrosine residues when either endogenous proteins or casein were used as substrates. These results suggest that relatively high activities of tyrosine protein kinase exist in a normal tissue (rat spleen). Major endogenous substrates of the enzyme(s) appear to be represented by two proteins of Mr = 53,000 and 56,000; one or both of these substrates may be the tyrosine protein kinase itself. PMID- 6684115 TI - Forskolin-activated adenylate cyclase. Inhibition by guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate. AB - Forskolin activated adenylate cyclase of purified rat adipocyte membranes in the absence of exogenous guanine nucleotides. Guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) inhibited the forskolin-activated cyclase immediately upon addition of the nucleotide at concentrations too low to activate adenylate cyclase (10(-9) to 10(-7) M). Inhibition seen with a very high concentration of Gpp(NH)p (10(-4) M) lasted for 3-4 min and was followed by an increase in the synthetic rate which remained constant for at least 15 min. The length of the transient inhibition did not vary with forskolin concentrations above 0.05 microM but low Gpp(NH)p (10(-8) M) exhibited a lengthened (6-7 min) inhibitory phase. The transient inhibitory effects of Gpp(NH)p were eliminated by 10(-7) M isoproterenol, high (40 mM) Mg2+, or preincubation with Gpp(NH)p in the absence of forskolin. While forskolin stimulated fat cell cyclase in the presence of Mn2+, this ion blocked the inhibitory effects of Gpp(NH)p. The well documented inhibitory effects of GTP on the fat cell adenylate cyclase system were also observed in the presence of forskolin. However, the inhibition by GTP is not transitory. These findings indicate that Gpp(NH)p regulation of forskolin-stimulated cyclase has at least two components: 1) an inhibitory component which acts through an undetermined mechanism and which acts immediately to decrease cyclase activity; and 2) an activating component which modulates the inhibited cyclase activity through the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. PMID- 6684117 TI - Markedly different ascorbate dependencies of the sequential alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase reactions catalyzed by an essentially homogeneous thymine 7 hydroxylase from Rhodotorula glutinis. AB - The alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, thymine 7-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.6), has been purified from cultures of Rhodotorula glutinis grown with thymine as a nitrogen source. The purification scheme developed yielded essentially homogeneous preparations of the 7-hydroxylase and also purified another alpha ketoglutarate dioxygenase, pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside 2'-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.3). The purity of the 7-hydroxylase was determined with analytical disc gel electrophoresis in which runs were varied with respect to pH, extent of cross linking, and the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate-mercaptoethanol. The 7 hydroxylase apparently exists as a monomer since its molecular weight was 42,700 when determined by molecular gel filtration chromatography and was 40,300 when determined by analytical disc gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Gel filtration chromatography under nondenaturing conditions was used to show that the 2'-hydroxylase has a molecular weight of 64,600. The essentially homogeneous preparations of the 7-hydroxylase were shown to catalyze the thymine , 5-hydroxymethyluracil-, and 5-formyluracil-dependent oxygenations that are coupled to the decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate, as well as a putative uncoupled decarboxylation which is dependent on uracil. Furthermore, these enzyme preparations were used to show that ATP stimulated the 7-hydroxylase reaction in the absence of ascorbate. Even though it is attractive to consider the four pyrimidine-dependent reactions as being catalyzed by the same active site, they were shown to differ markedly in their dependencies on ascorbate or ATP. The effects of ascorbate and ATP on these reactions, and on the 2'-hydroxylase reaction, are discussed in terms of the possible roles of ascorbate and ATP. PMID- 6684118 TI - Induction of cell arrest at G1/S and in G2 after treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells with metallocene dichlorides and cis-platinum in vitro. AB - The influence of in vitro application of the cytostatic agents titanocene dichloride (TDC), vanadocene dichloride (VDC), and cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (DDP) on the cytokinetic behavior of EAT cells was investigated. All three substances induced similar cytokinetic phenomena that are characterized, on the one hand, by an accumulation of cells in the late S phase and in the G2 phase during exposure periods of 8 to 20 h. On the other hand, some cells were apparently arrested at the end of the G1 phase and, after removal of the cytostatic agents, moved through the following S, G2, and M phases as synchronized cell populations. In view of this unusual cytokinetic pattern of multiple effects, it is argued that the striking similarities in cytokinetic behavior after treatment with the three different cytostatic substances indicate analogies in their molecular mechanisms of action. The different alteration patterns observed after in vivo application of the drugs are obviously due to additional processes occurring only in vivo. PMID- 6684119 TI - Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on tumor incidence due to dimethylnitrosamine administration. AB - To study the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on tumor development due to dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) administration, female Sprague-Dawley rats were pair fed for 3 weeks a nutritionally adequate liquid diet containing either ethanol (36% of total calories) or isocalorically substituted carbohydrates as control diet. Thereafter, the animals were maintained on laboratory chow and tap water ad libitum for another 2 weeks and received 1.5 mg DMN i.p. per day for the first 5 days. This 5-week cycle was repeated three more times. Chronic treatment with an alcohol-containing diet was shown to significantly improve the mean survival time of DMN-treated rats compared with identically treated animals fed the control diet, but the total number of tumors observed under these experimental conditions and the target organ remained virtually unchanged. PMID- 6684120 TI - A new protein of adhesion plaques and ruffling membranes. AB - A protein with a molecular weight on SDS polyacrylamide gels of 215,000 (referred to here as 215K) was purified from chicken gizzard smooth muscle. Antibodies against this protein localized it in fibroblasts to adhesion plaques (focal contacts), to regions underlying cell surface fibronectin, and to ruffling membranes. In the first two distributions it was similar to vinculin in cellular location, and this was confirmed by double-label immunofluorescence microscopy, but the concentration of 215K in membrane ruffles distinguished it from vinculin. There was no cross-reaction of the antibody against 215K with vinculin, and immunoprecipitation and antibody staining of SDS gels of whole cells revealed a single cross-reactive component with a molecular weight of 215,000. Immunoprecipitation from cultures labeled with [32P]phosphate revealed 215K to be a phosphoprotein. Transformation of rat or chicken fibroblasts by Rous sarcoma virus resulted in a reorganization of 215K, in some cases into complex intracellular structures. The localization of 215K where microfilament bundles terminate as well as in close relation to cell surface fibronectin and in membrane ruffles suggests that the protein has some function in the organization of actin filaments at or close to regions of actin-membrane attachment. PMID- 6684121 TI - Factors influencing the expression of stress fibers in vascular endothelial cells in situ. AB - The organization of actin and myosin in vascular endothelial cells in situ was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. Examination of perfusion-fixed, whole mounts of normal mouse and rat descending thoracic aorta revealed the presence of axially oriented stress fibers containing both actin and myosin within the endothelial cells. In both species, the proportion of cells containing stress fibers varied from region to region within the same vessel. Some endothelial cells in mouse mesenteric vein and in rat inferior vena cava also contained stress fibers. Quantitative studies of the proportion of endothelial cells containing stress fibers in the descending thoracic aorta of age-matched normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats revealed significant differences. When animals of the same sex of the two strains were compared, the proportion was approximately two times greater in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. The proportion of endothelial cells containing stress fibers was about two times greater in males than in females of both strains. These observations suggest that multiple factors, including anatomical, sex, and hemodynamic differences, influence the organization of the endothelial cell cytoskeleton in situ. PMID- 6684123 TI - Glucocorticoid hormone modulation of both cell surface and cytoskeleton related to growth control of rat glioma cells. AB - We have shown that glucocorticoids reversibly change the growth control of rat C6 glioma cells from a transformed to a normal pattern. Here we report that the glucocorticoid hormone hydrocortisone (Hy) modulates structure and function of cell surface and cytoskeleton. The hormone is shown to cause: (a) increased flattening and adhesion to solid substrates and to fibrin layers, (b) inhibition of the cell shape change triggered by catecholamines and cAMP, (c) extensive fibronectin deposition on normally fibronectinless cells' surface, and (d) microtubule rearrangement. Comparison of Hy-hypersensitive and Hy-resistant variants showed that microtubule rearrangements correlate with the growth control change induced by Hy, whereas fibronectin deposition does not. PMID- 6684124 TI - Cytoskeletal organization of the presynaptic nerve terminal and the acetylcholine receptor cluster in cell cultures. AB - Whole-mount stereo electron microscopy has been used to examine the cytoskeletal organization of the presynaptic nerve terminal and the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters in cultures of Xenopus nerve and muscle cells. The cells were grown on Formvar-coated gold electron microscope (EM) finder grids. AChR clusters were identified in live cultures by fluorescence microscopy after labeling with tetramethylrhodamine-conjugated alpha-bungarotoxin. After chemical fixation and critical-point drying, the cytoplasmic specializations of identified cells were examined in whole mount under an electron microscope. In the presynaptic nerve terminal opposite to the AChR cluster, synaptic vesicles were clearly suspended in a lattice of 5-12-nm filaments. Stereo microscopy showed that these filaments directly contacted the vesicles. This lattice was also contiguous with the filament bundle that formed the core of the axon. At the AChR cluster, an increased cytoplasmic density differentiated this area from the rest of the cytoplasm. This density was composed of a meshwork of filaments with a mean diameter of 6 nm and irregularly shaped membrane cisternae 0.1-0.5 micron in width, which resembled the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. These membrane structures were interconnected via the filaments. Organelles that were characteristic of the bulk of the sarcoplasm such as the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the polysomes, were absent from the cytoplasm associated with the AChR cluster. These results indicate that the cytoskeleton may play an important role in the development and/or the maintenance of the neuromuscular synapse, including the release of transmitter in the nerve terminal and the clustering of AChRs in the postsynaptic membrane. PMID- 6684122 TI - Capping of cholera toxin-ganglioside GM1 complexes on mouse lymphocytes is accompanied by co-capping of alpha-actinin. AB - We used cholera toxin, which binds exclusively and with a high affinity to the ganglioside GM1, as a probe to investigate the distribution of this glycolipid on the surface of mouse lymphocytes. When lymphocytes are incubated with cholera toxin (or its B subunit) and then sequentially with horse anti-toxin and FITC swine anti-horse Ig at 37 degrees C, the cholera toxin-ganglioside GM1 complex is redistributed to a cap at one pole of the cell. The capping of cholera toxin-GM1 complexes is slower than the capping of surface-Ig complexes, requires two antibodies, and is inhibited at high toxin concentrations. Cholera toxin-GM1, like surface-Ig capping, is an energy-dependent process and is inhibited by sodium azide, low temperatures, or cytochalasin B, but is unaffected by demecolcine. An affinity-purified antibody against alpha-actinin was used to examine the distribution of this cytoskeletal component during the capping process. 88% of the cells that had a surface Ig cap displayed a co-cap of alpha actinin, and 57% of the cells that had a cholera toxin-GM1 cap displayed a co-cap of alpha-actinin. Time course studies revealed similar kinetics of external ligand cap formation and the formation of alpha-actinin co-caps. We conclude that capping of a cell-surface glycolipid is associated with a reorganization of the underlying cytoskeleton. The implications of such an association are discussed in the context of current models of the mechanism of capping. PMID- 6684125 TI - Elongation of the fertilization tubule in Chlamydomonas: new observations on the core microfilaments and the effect of transient intracellular signals on their structural integrity. AB - Experimental manipulations of gametes of Chlamydomonas reinhardi and ultrastructural observation were used to examine the composition of the microfilaments in the fertilization tubule, their probable mode of formation, and their interaction with intracellular signals. Decoration with myosin subfragment 1 was used to demonstrate that the microfilaments in the fertilization tubule were actin filaments having uniform polarity: Myosin subfragment-1 arrowheads pointed away from the membrane at the tip of the process. Filaments were attached to the cone-shaped "doublet zone" at the base of the process by their pointed ends. Discrete attachment sites for filaments on the surface of the doublet zone were seen in stereo view. To test whether actin polymerization might accompany elongation of the fertilization tubule, mating gametes were exposed to cytochalasin D in an attempt to block actin polymerization. Treatment of mating type "plus" gametes with cytochalasin D prior to and during mating inhibited the appearance of actin filaments in fertilization tubules, suppressed fertilization tubule outgrowth, and lowered mating efficiency from 90 to 15%. The role of signals generated by flagellar adhesion in maintaining the structural integrity of the microfilament-doublet zone complex was examined by correlating flagellar disadhesion with the kinetics of breakdown of the complex. In zygotes, where flagellar disadhesion occurred after cell fusion, the complex disassembled within 3 h after mating. In gametes that had been agglutinated by isolated mating type "minus" flagella, microfilaments and fertilization tubules progressively disassembled over a 3-h time course following flagellar disadhesion. Disassembly of microfilaments was inhibited by maintaining flagellar agglutination, suggesting that signals generated by flagellar adhesion were necessary to maintain microfilaments intact. PMID- 6684126 TI - Cell surface changes and enzyme release during hypoxia and reoxygenation in the isolated, perfused rat liver. AB - We examined the effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation in isolated, perfused rat livers. Hypoxia induced by a low rate of perfusion led to near anoxia confined to centrilobular regions of the liver lobule. Periportal regions remained normoxic. Within 15 min, anoxic centrilobular hepatocytes developed surface blebs that projected into sinusoids through endothelial fenestrations. Periportal hepatocytes were unaffected. Both scanning and transmission electron microscopy suggested that blebs developed by transformation of preexisting microvilli. Upon reoxygenation by restoration of a high rate of perfusion, blebs disappeared. Other changes included marked shrinkage of hepatocytes, enlargement of sinusoids, and dilation of sinusoidal fenestrations. There was also an abrupt increase in the release of lactate dehydrogenase and protein after reoxygenation, and cytoplasmic fragments corresponding in size and shape to blebs were recovered by filtration of the effluent perfusate. We also studied phalloidin and cytochalasin D, agents that disrupt the cytoskeleton. Both substances at micromolar concentrations caused rapid and profound alterations of cell surface topography. We conclude that hepatic tissue is quite vulnerable to hypoxic injury. The morphological expression of hypoxic injury seems mediated by changes in the cortical cytoskeleton. Reoxygenation causes disappearance of blebs and paradoxically causes disruption of cellular volume control and release of blebs as cytoplasmic fragments. Such cytoplasmic shedding provides a mechanism for selective release of hepatic enzymes by injured liver tissue. PMID- 6684127 TI - Defective nuclear accumulation of androgen receptors in disorders of sexual differentiation. AB - Nuclear transfer of androgen receptors (AR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) was determined in cultured genital skin fibroblasts from 10 normal controls and eight patients with abnormalities of the external genitalia. In whole cell studies, cultures were incubated for 20 min at 37 degrees C with [3H]methyltrienolone (3H R1881) or tritiated dexamethasone, and specific binding was determined in whole cell, cytoplasmic, and crude nuclear fractions. Between normal and affected fibroblasts no difference was seen in cellular levels of GR, or in cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution of GR. In normal fibroblasts, cytoplasmic binding of 3H R1881 represented 56%, and crude nuclear binding 44%, of total binding; in fibroblasts from five of the eight patients similar values (cytoplasmic 55% and nuclear 44%) were seen for 3H-R1881 binding. In fibroblasts from the other three patients no decrease in total cellular levels of AR were seen; nuclear compartmentalization, however, was much lower (approximately 20%) than in other cultures. In vitro reconstitution studies, combining 3H-R1881-loaded cytosol with naive nuclei, lead us to suggest that the defect in nuclear compartmentalization lies at the level of the nuclear acceptor site rather than the cytoplasmic binder in affected cells. We interpret the data to suggest that defective nuclear binding of AR complexes may be involved in a proportion of cases of abnormal development of the external genitalia. PMID- 6684128 TI - Immunological characterisation of plasminogen activators in the human vessel wall. AB - A histochemical technique was used to identify the activity of the plasminogen activator (PA) in the vessel wall of veins. Antibodies against melanoma cell activator and urokinase (UK), both raised in goats, were mixed into the fibrin film. The PA activity was quenched by the antibodies against melanoma activator but remained unchanged when antibodies against UK, or an IgG preparation of normal goat serum, was mixed in the fibrin film. The results of this study show that the PA activity in the vein vessel wall is immunologically similar to or identical to the PA derived from melanoma cells which has previously been shown to cross-react with the tissue-like PA. No UK-like activity was present in the vessel wall. PMID- 6684129 TI - Hepatic angiosarcoma. AB - The computed tomographic findings of a case of hepatic angiosarcoma are presented. Although many findings are similar to hemangioma, some features can suggest the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. PMID- 6684130 TI - Feed intake and milk production from three rates of concentrate for cows bred to differ in size. AB - Two groups of Holstein cows sired by bulls that had been selected partly for transmitting ability for size averaged 525 and 570 kg weight after second calving. Cows were fed 1.0 kg concentrate to 5.0, 3.0, or 1.5 kg milk above 9.1 kg per day and forage to appetite during first and second lactations (248 lactations). Generally equal quantities of alfalfa haylage and corn silage were fed each day in weighed amounts to exceed consumption. At times haylage constituted the only forage fed. Results of feeding low (2.2 kg), medium (3.8 kg), or high (6.9 kg) concentrate dry matter daily per cow were: concentrate as a percent of total dry matter consumed, 12.2, 20.2, and 37.1%; dry matter intake from forage, 15.6, 14.5, and 11.6 kg/day; dry matter intake as percent of body weight, 3.25, 3.32, and 3.33; crude fiber as percent of dry matter consumed, 25.2, 23.6, and 20.5; crude protein as percent of dry matter consumed, 15.7, 15.4, and 15.1; total digestible nutrients consumed per day, 10.8, 11.4, and 12.2 kg; milk produced as milk/day, 18.7, 19.9, and 21.3 kg; fat-corrected milk/day, 18.6, 20.0, and 20.7 kg; fat-corrected milk as percent of body weight, 3.44, 3.68, and 3.78; and fat-corrected milk as gram per weight kg .75, 166, 178, and 183; fat content of milk, 4.00, 4.11, and 3.92%; protein content of milk, 3.49, 3.58, and 3.61%; gross efficiency of milk production, .591, .579, and .595 kg total digestible nutrients/kg fat-corrected milk; and net efficiency, .304, .308, and .332 kg total digestible nutrients/kg fat-corrected milk. Cow size, parity, and period of lactation affected most variables. These latter effects are illustrated in graphs or tables. PMID- 6684131 TI - Environmental and management factors affecting estrous activity in dairy cattle. AB - One thousand periods of estrus of Holstein and Jersey cows and heifers of breeding age during 27 mo were used to evaluate environmental and management factors related to estrous behavior during twice-daily heat checks. Mounting activity at the first observation of estrus was influenced by sire within genetic selection group for milk yield, lactation number, primary housing location, time of day estrus first observed, and maximum temperature the day of estrus. Mean number of times an estrous cow was mounted increased from 6.0 mounts/h in the morning to 7.7 mounts/h in the evening. Barn-housed cattle had 8.7 mounts/h compared to 6.1 and 5.5 for dry-lot and pasture groups. Estrous activity was least for heifers and increased for older cows. Mounting activity increased with increasing maximum daily temperature to approximately 25 degrees C. Only 17.7% of the cattle initially observed in estrus displayed mounting behavior at the 12-h heat check. Estrous activity at 12 h was affected by lactation number and genetic grouping. Daily milk production near estrus was associated with longer duration between heats but had no effect on conception. Lactation number and service number were related to fertility. PMID- 6684132 TI - Effects of positive-pressure pulsation on several characteristics of milk production. AB - A premilking phase of positive-pressure pulsation was evaluated by comparing milk production, persistence, peak milk flow, average milk flow, and several indicators of udder health of two groups of high-producing Holstein cows. Forty four cows, 21 controls and 23 test animals, completed at least 250 days of lactation. After a premilking wash-up regimen of 25 to 30 s, test cows were given an additional 45 s for positive-pressure pulsation. The group with positive pressure pulsation maintained significantly more persistence during the last two thirds of lactation, and this resulted in an 8% relative increase of milk production over controls. There were no differences of udder health between the two groups as measured by number of cases of clinical mastitis or California mastitis test. PMID- 6684133 TI - Sporobolomyces: a possible cause of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. AB - A 28-year-old horseback rider presented with symptoms, chest radiograph, and pulmonary function tests suggestive of extrinsic allergic alveolitis related to exposure to a horse barn. Exposure to the barn produced symptoms, fever, and a fall in VC commencing 4 hr after exposure. Precipitins were positive against Sporobolomyces, suggesting this might be the causative agent; precipitins were negative against other fungi and horses. Lymphocyte stimulation to Sporobolomyces in vitro was positive in the patient and negative in two control subjects. Sporobolomyces was grown from straw in the barn. Cessation of exposure to this barn (but continued exposure to horses) has resulted in improvement in clinical condition. A survey for immunologic sensitivity to Sporobolomyces revealed that eight of 30 atopic subjects had positive wheal-and-flare prick skin tests to Sporobolomyces antigen, whereas none of 30 laboratory controls or 30 grain handlers had precipitins against Sporobolomyces. Sporobolomyces is a common fungus in cereal grain growing areas. Its spore size is less than 5 micron, consistent with other causative agents of this disorder. In this patient, positive precipitins and lymphocyte stimulation to Sporobolomyces and negative precipitins to other known causes of extrinsic allergic alveolitis provide circumstantial evidence that Sporobolomyces was the cause of the syndrome. PMID- 6684134 TI - [Retinal detachments treated by argon laser photocoagulation]. AB - Twenty-nine rhegmatogenous retinal detachments were treated in 29 patients by argon laser photocoagulation ("damming" technique) between 10-1-77 and 06-30-81. Mean follow up time has been 19.1 months, and retinal detachments have remained perfectly contained in 28 patients without any subsequent macular problem. Eleven cases were asymptomatic retinal detachments, 4 of these occurring after previous argon laser prophylaxis, 16 cases being localized postoperative recurrences or failures after single or repeated surgery. These argon laser "dams" must only be conducted in the absence of major vitreous traction and with strict post-laser control; their indications are therefore limited but they can be useful procedures. PMID- 6684135 TI - Plasma growth hormone during sleep in young and aged men. AB - Plasma growth hormone measured at 20-min intervals across the night via indwelling venous cannula revealed a significant reduction in 16 healthy aged men as compared with 14 healthy young men. The decrease in growth hormone was entirely confined to the first 3 hours of the night (M +/- SEM for the integrated level was 5.0 +/- 1.2 and 21 +/- 4.2 ng . hr/ml). Growth hormone across the latter part of the night did not differ. Day and evening growth hormone levels measured hourly in five of the aged and nine of the young men failed to reveal an age effect. Growth hormone release is known to be associated with sleep onset, and particularly with slow wave sleep, stage 3 and 4, which was reduced in amount in these aged men (9.9 +/- 1.9 and 22.8 +/- 2.3% of time in bed for aged and young groups, respectively). Sleep stage 3 and 4 correlated significantly with growth hormone level (R = .463, p less than .01) for young and aged men combined, but not for either age group alone, indicating that growth hormone does not have a direct, simple relationship with slow wave sleep. PMID- 6684136 TI - [Infections in gynecology]. AB - After the author had reviewed present ideas about infections he outlined the specific character and the role of the normal flora to be found in the cervix and in the vagina, as well as the common characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases. The pathogenic role of bacteria that were previously considered to be "innocent" (type B streptococci, staphylococcus aureus, Gardnerella vaginalis) and Chlamydiae and mycoplasmas make it easier to understand the pathogenesis of basal gynaecological infections and of the urethral syndrome. The author then studies the aetiology of acute salpingitis that can be classified according to a number of responsible organisms: monomicrobial salpingitis (due to gonococci, Chlamydia, and microplasmas) or polymicrobacterial, the nature (endogenous or exogenous) of the infecting agents and the role of iatrogenic factors (such as intra-uterine contraceptive devices, terminations of pregnancies and so on). The diagnosis and the risks of gynaecological infections occurring are pointed out as well as the different problems associated with preventing these infections. PMID- 6684137 TI - The effect of repeated administration of staphylococcal immune preparations on the development of local staphylococcal infection in mice. AB - The study is concerned with the effect of repeated administration of staphylococcal immunopreparations on the development of a suppurative inflammatory focus in the foot of the mouse. Subcutaneous administration of large doses of the antigenic complex of the staphylococcus (ACS) obtained by aqueous extraction, antiphagin and native anatoxin failed to induce an increase in sensitivity to staphylococcus. In some cases, the extent of development of the suppurative-inflammatory focus in the mice which had been given these preparations was less than in the control; this is suggestive of their protective effect. When comparing, on this model, the ACS preparations and corpuscular vaccine produced from poorly and highly virulent strains, we observed a more pronounced protective effect in the preparations from the poorly virulents strains. The extent of oedema was greater than in the control when adsorbed anatoxin was administered. The administration of staphylococcal preparations with a therapeutical purpose after staphylococcus infection caused a significant decrease in the size and intensity of manifestation of the suppurative inflammatory focus in the foot. The model of limb oedema enabled us to reveal the sensitizing and protective effect of the preparations under study. PMID- 6684138 TI - Effects of cytochalasins on lymphocytes: mechanism of inhibition of rosette formation. AB - The mechanisms operative in the inhibition by cytochalasins of human peripheral blood T lymphocytic rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes remain obscure in the light of the multiplicity of biologic effects of cytochalasins. Moreover, we have shown the existence of three distinct classes of cytochalasin-binding sites (H-, M-, and L-sites) in such lymphocytes (J. Biol. Chem. 256:1290-1300, 1981). We have, therefore, explored the mechanism of rosette inhibition and present evidence that shows: a) Inhibition of rosetting is not caused by inhibition of glucose transport in lymphocytes; b) cytochalasin binding to the H- and M-sites, both integral plasma membrane proteins, is not involved in the effect; c) nonspecific partitioning of cytochalasins in the plasma membrane lipids of lymphocytes appears unlikely to explain the effect; d) evidence presented in this paper strongly suggests that cytochalasin binding to the actin associated L-site mediates the inhibition of rosetting. We conclude that cytoskeletal microfilaments play a critical role in the normal functioning of cell surface receptors for binding to sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 6684139 TI - Infection with vaccinia favors the selection of hybridomas synthesizing autoantibodies against intermediate filaments, one of them cross-reacting with the virus hemagglutinin. AB - Immunization of mice with lysates from infected cells and pure vaccinia virus generated hybridomas, a large fraction of which make autoantibodies binding to intermediate filaments (greater than IF) and vimentin. Antibodies that can be detected in preimmune mice as weakly binding to the cytoskeleton (greater than CS) are elevated in potency after immunization with either active or UV inactivated pure vaccinia, suggesting that virus replication may not be obligatory for activation of greater than CS lymphocyte clones. Demonstration of a cross-reactivity of one IF monoclonal antibody with virally coded hemagglutinin, expressed at the surface, raises questions about the development of pathologic conditions associated with virus-mediated autoimmunity. PMID- 6684140 TI - The management of herpes simplex in pregnant women and neonates. AB - Herpes simplex virus infections in pregnancy and in the neonatal period are well recognised in the U.S.A., where the infection rate at term may be from 1:300 to 1:1000, with clinically recognised disease in about 1 of 7500 deliveries. In the U.K. such infections are apparently rare and only 66 cases were recorded by the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre between 1973 and 1980. Mild infections may therefore be missed. It is difficult to put forward rational statements concerning the management of maternal herpetic infection during pregnancy. Active genital infection should preclude vaginal delivery but the policy to follow in subclinical infections is far from clear. We put forward guidelines for management and consider the potential role of antiviral agents. PMID- 6684141 TI - Morphologic and clinical observations in human infection with Babesia microti. AB - On admission to the hospital, a splenectomized man was found to have 85% of his erythrocytes parasitized by Babesia microti. His extensive parasitemia allowed for direct study of the morphology and ultrastructure of this organism as it appears in human infection; the need for animal inoculation and rescue techniques was thus eliminated. Positive characteristics (other than the tetrad form) that are diagnostic for babesiosis were identified. By transmission and scanning electron microscopy, parasite-induced changes in the erythrocyte membrane were observed; these alterations may explain the hemolysis seen in babesiosis. Factors that may have allowed the patient to sustain such high-level parasitemia are considered. The experience with this patient confirms that exchange transfusion is a reliable, rapid method for reduction of the parasite load in serious infection with B microti. PMID- 6684142 TI - The measurement of platelet-associated IgG by a microplate quantitative antiglobulin consumption assay using automated through-the-well spectrophotometry. AB - A microplate modification of the quantitative antiglobulin consumption assay (QACA) has been developed for the measurement of platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG). This method employs an automated through-the-well absorbance spectrophotometer (microplate reader) to directly measure the hemolysis of target indicator cells (IgG-coated sheep erythrocytes) in an assay performed entirely in a 96-well microtiter plate. PAIgG measured by this method in 54 thrombocytopenic patients and 17 controls correlated highly (r = 0.94) with results obtained by the standard tube assay procedure. By substantially simplifying the performance of the QACA and increasing its sensitivity by nearly 1 order of magnitude, this method permits the rapid quantitative determination of PAIgG on platelets obtained from as little as 1 to 4 ml of whole blood. PMID- 6684143 TI - Experimental analysis of control mechanisms in somite segmentation in avian embryos. I. Reduction of material at the blastula stage in Coturnix coturnix japonica. AB - The blastulae of unincubated eggs of the quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, have been bisected in ovo, using the technique of Lutz (1949). Some embryos were harvested after 24 h and found to possess two primitive streaks. Most were fixed at 48 h or 72 h. Some were found to have regulated to form almost normal single axes, whilst others had developed into duplicitas anterior embryos, separate twins or collided axes. All three types of twinned embryos were smaller than the control embryos. The number of somites was not however reduced in the shorter embryos. This finding corresponds with a similar result obtained by Cooke (1975) who reported that if a Xenopus blastula is reduced in size, it nevertheless develops the correct number of somites. The quail however adjusts the shape of the individual somites so that they fit into the reduced body length, whereas Xenopus reduces the size of somites. No miniaturized somites were ever seen in these quail embryos. As a result of the present experiments, it was concluded that the length of incubation time does not directly control the rate of somite formation, because different numbers of somites were found in twins which possessed identical genomes and had developed in almost the same environment for identical periods. In addition, the size of the area pellucida does not appear to control somite formation. Probably, the most important influence is the regression of the node. PMID- 6684144 TI - Rabbit alpha-globin messenger RNA translation by the mouse ovum. AB - Fertilized mouse ova were injected with messenger RNA for rabbit globin. The ova were labelled with [3H]leucine and the synthesized rabbit alpha-globin measured by immunoprecipitation. Injection of rabbit globin mRNA from 4.0 to 15.8 pg/ovum resulted in the synthesis of approximately 1200 dpm/ovum of alpha-globin during an 18 h incubation. A concentration of mRNA that was translated below the maximum level of globin synthesis was used to determine translation efficiency. The efficiency of translation was 14.1 molecules of alpha-globin synthesized/cell/h for each molecule of alpha-globin mRNA injected. The radioactivity in alpha globin was 1% of the total incorporation in acid-precipitable material. Total incorporation of control and injected ova was not significantly different. This study shows that the fertilized mouse ovum can translate an injected foreign message with essentially the same efficiency as that reported for the Xenopus oocyte but substantially lower than the reticulocyte and that the translational capacity of the mouse fertilized ovum for injected mRNA is limited with little if any spare translational ability. PMID- 6684145 TI - Neurulation in the Mexican salamander (Ambystoma mexicanum): a drug study and cell shape analysis of the epidermis and the neural plate. AB - We analysed the neurulation movements in the Mexican salamander Ambystoma mexicanum. Embryos were exposed to colchicine or nocodazole prior to neural fold formation. Exposure to these drugs prevented the anterior neural folds from closing. Neurulation however proceeded normally in the posterior regions of the embryo. We were unable to find apically constricted cells in the neural plate of colchicine-blocked neurulae. Only rounded-up neural plate cells were present (semithin sections). This situation was typical in embryos exposed to colchicine prior to neural fold formation. Concentrations of colchicine up to 2.5 x 10(-3) were not capable of blocking neurulation once the neural folds were formed. The wedge-shaped cells were present in similar numbers to those found in controls. We quantified the cell shape changes in the neural plate and in the epidermis in both controls and drug-arrested embryos. The comparison of these to classes of data shows that epidermal spreading is prevented by colchicine but only slightly affected by nocodazole. Embryos blocked in late neurulation by exposure to these drugs can resume neurulation following neural plate excision in nocodazole but not in colchicine. We conclude from this observation that the epidermis contributes to raising and closing of the neural folds. The presence of neural folds in absence of wedge-shaped cells in the neural plate is also taken as evidence that neurulation is not exclusively driven by forces generated in or acting on the neural plate. Our view on the concerted interplay of various embryonic components is illustrated in a summarizing diagram (Fig. 11). PMID- 6684146 TI - Localization of messenger RNA in the cortex of Chaetopterus eggs and early embryos. AB - The distribution of mRNA in Chaetopterus pergamentaceus eggs was examined by in situ hybridization with poly(U) and specific cloned DNA probes. Eggs contain three distinct regions; the cortical ectoplasm, endoplasm, and a plasm released from the germinal vesicle (GV) during maturation. The ectoplasm of the mature egg showed a 15-fold enrichment in poly(A) and in histone and actin mRNAs relative to the endoplasm and the GV plasm after in situ hybridization. More than 90% of the total mass of egg poly(A) + RNA and histone and actin messages was estimated to be present in the ectoplasm. The mRNA molecules co-distributed with ectoplasmic inclusion granules during ooplasmic segregation. During the extensive cytoplasmic rearrangements which occur at the time of the first cleavage the ectoplasm was divided into animal and vegetal portions. The animal portion was segregated evenly between the AB and CD blastomeres, whereas the vegetal portion entered the polar lobe and was preferentially segregated to the CD blastomere. Histone and actin mRNA entered both the AB and CD blastomeres of the 2-cell embryo. The results demonstrate that mRNA is quantitatively localized in the cortex of the Chaetopterus egg and early embryo. PMID- 6684147 TI - Fertilizability of in vitro matured oocytes from golden hamsters. AB - The fertilizability of hamster oocytes matured in vitro was examined along with two factors potentially affecting nuclear maturation in culture. The four amino acids (isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, and glutamine) necessary for nuclear maturation of cumulus-free oocytes (Gwatkin and Haidri, '74) were not required if oocytes recovered on the morning of proestrus (day 4) were cultured with intact cumuli. Although follicular oocytes recovered on day 3 of the estrous cycle (late diestrus) had somewhat lower frequencies of maturation in vitro compared to those recovered on day 4 (76 vs. 95%, respectively), they still had a substantial frequency of spontaneous maturation. Follicular oocytes recovered on day 3 and matured in vitro were fertilized at frequencies equivalent to oviducal oocytes (80 vs. 82%, respectively) when incubation of oocytes with precapacitated sperm was continued for 6 h. Penetration of follicular oocytes was lower (37.4%) after only 4 h of sperm/egg incubation, indicating a delay in sperm penetration with follicular oocytes matured in vitro. Incubation for 4 h is sufficient time for penetration of 80% or more of oviducal oocytes. While 98% of penetrated oviducal oocytes were fertilized normally, only 2% of penetrated follicular oocytes were normal. The majority (85%) of follicular oocytes, unlike oviducal oocytes, were unable to cause decondensation of sperm nuclei after 6 h of sperm/egg incubation. Use of a highly defined system for in vitro fertilization of hamster gametes has provided rigorous proof that isolated cumulus-oocyte complexes do not undergo complete maturation in vitro. PMID- 6684148 TI - An enzymic analysis of NADPH production and consumption in Candida utilis. AB - Candida utilis CBS 621 was grown in chemostat cultures at D = 0.1 h-1 on glucose, xylose, gluconate, acetate, or ethanol as the growth-limiting substrate with ammonia or nitrate as the nitrogen source and analysed for NADPH-producing and NADPH-consuming enzyme activities. Nitrate and nitrite reductases were strictly NADPH-dependent. For all carbon sources, growth with nitrate resulted in elevated levels of HMP pathway enzymes. NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase did not vary significantly with the NADPH requirement for biosynthesis. Growth on ethanol strongly enhanced activity of NADP+-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase. Neither NADP+ linked malic enzyme nor transhydrogenase activities were detectable under any of the growth conditions. The absence of transhydrogenase was confirmed by the enzyme profiles of cells grown on mixtures of glucose and formate. It is concluded that the HMP pathway and possibly NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase are the major sources of NADPH in Candida utilis. PMID- 6684149 TI - Mixed capillary hemangioblastoma and glioma. A redefinition of the "angioglioma". AB - The histopathologic features of four cases of mixed capillary hemangioblastoma and glioma are described. In three cases, two of which arose in the cerebellum and one in the spinal cord, the hemangioblastic component may have originated from a neoplastic proliferation of the exuberant vascular stroma in a glial tumor. In a fourth case, a cerebellar hemangioblastoma was surrounded by a peripheral rim of atypical neoplastic-looking astrocytes ("reactive glioma"). The controversial concept of the "angioglioma" is reviewed, and it is proposed that the term be used to designate only true mixed tumors of glial and vascular tissue origin whose histologic features conform to the examples described in this report. PMID- 6684150 TI - Dendritic vacuolization in the central nervous system of rats after long-term voluntary consumption of ethanol. AB - Adult male rats were housed in a colony environment for six months, with ad lib access to anise-flavored 10% ethanol in water. Animals were then removed from the colony, and their consumption of alcohol during a period in isolated housing was measured. Individual rats were scored as high, moderate, and low consumers. Animals from each scoring category were killed for light and electron microscopic study of central nervous system tissue. High consumers frequently displayed varicose distortions of the dendritic profiles, with internal membranous vesicles. Such abnormalities were rarely found in dendrites of low-ethanol consuming colony mates. The dendritic vacuoles often appeared empty and membrane limited. Some vacuoles contained membranous inclusions. Dendrites which displayed electron-lucent cavities without membranous limits or contents were also found. Some invaginations of dendritic membranes were identified. The possible sequential relationship between these forms of dendritic alterations could not be determined. Some neuron cell bodies displayed vacuolar inclusions as well. Dendritic and somatic abnormalities were found in cerebral and cerebellar cortices, hippocampus, mammillary bodies, and the periaqueductal gray matter of the brain stem. PMID- 6684151 TI - Hepatic secretion of lipids and apolipoproteins in rats fed soybean phospholipid and soybean oil. AB - Dietary phospholipid (PL) containing phosphatidylethanolamine alters serum lipoproteins in rats. To clarify the underlying mechanism for the alteration of serum lipids and apolipoproteins, secretions of lipids and apolipoproteins from isolated perfused livers in rats fed soybean PL or soybean oil were compared in this study. Soybean PL significantly decreased the rates of accumulation of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and cholesterol in the liver perfusate. The secretion of newly synthesized apoA-I labeled with [3H]lysine into the perfusate also significantly decreased in rats fed soybean PL. The secretion patterns of triglyceride and apolipoproteins other than apoA-I were similar for rats fed either diet. Constant infusion of oleic acid into the liver perfusion medium did not alter the response of the secretion of lipids and apolipoproteins to soybean PL feeding. In rats injected with Triton WR-1339, concentrations of serum triglyceride and high-molecular-weight apoB at 20 hours after injection were significantly increased by soybean PL feeding, whereas until 2 hours postinjection the accumulation of serum triglyceride was similar for rats fed either diet. Thus, soybean PL affects not only secretion of hepatic lipoproteins but also metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins derived from the liver. PMID- 6684154 TI - [Tympanograms of otitis media with effusion--an experimental study]. PMID- 6684152 TI - Suppression of arachidonic acid in lipids of rat tissues by dietary mixed isomeric cis and trans octadecenoates. AB - The influence of dietary isomeric cis and trans octadecenoic fatty acids (ICTO) on the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids in rat tissues was studied by feeding a defined diet rich in partially hydrogenated soybean oil. Experimental and control animals received equal and more than adequate amounts of linoleic and linolenic acids. The total phospholipid (PL) fatty acids of liver, heart, testis, brain and sciatic nerve, and the fatty acids of liver triacylglyceride, cholesteryl ester and individual PL classes were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. The content of arachidonic acid in the total fatty acids of liver lipids of ICTO-fed rats was found to be lower than those from control rats by the following amounts (in percent): total PL, 35; phosphatidylcholine, 50; phosphatidylinositol, 35; phosphatidylserine 26; phosphatidylethanolamine, 12; cholesteryl ester, 55; and tryglyceride 75. PL 18:2 omega 6 and 20:3 omega 6 levels were elevated, suggesting inhibition of the desaturase-elongase enzymes involved in synthesis of arachidonic acid. Synthesis of 20:5 omega 3 and 20:3 omega 9 was accentuated by the ICTO diet, suggesting an omega 6 series-specific inhibition. A nearly perfect negative correlation between cis 12-18:1 and arachidonic acid was found in liver PL. PMID- 6684153 TI - Efficiency of utilization of soy protein isolate in Japanese young men. AB - The nutritional quality of soy protein isolate (SPI) was evaluated in young men by the nitrogen balance method using fish protein as a standard. Twenty-one male university students were given SPI (Supro 620, Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A.), fish protein (cod fish) or a 50:50 mixture of the two proteins as the sole source of protein. SPI and fish were prepared as paste products (kamaboko). Four experimental periods were used in which each subject received 0.35, 0.45, 0.55 and 0.65 g protein/kg/day, respectively, given in random order. Each period consisted of one day on protein-free diet and ten days on the experimental diet, with an interval of three days on a free-choice (ad libitum) diet between periods. Energy intake was constant for each individual to maintain their body weight (44.6 +/- 2.4 kcal/kg/day). The linear regression equations obtained between nitrogen intake (X: mg N/kg/day) and the apparent nitrogen balance (Y: mg N/kg/day) were as follows: SPI, Y = 0.298X-35.2; fish protein, Y = 0.365X-31.8; mixed protein, Y = 0.423X-38.3. The nitrogen requirement for maintenance of nitrogen equilibrium determined from the regression equation was 118.1 +/- 15.4 mg N/kg/day for SPI, 87.1 +/- 17.2 mg N/kg/day for fish protein and 90.5 +/- 17.1 mg N/kg/day for mixed protein. The NPUs calculated at the respective maintenance nitrogen intakes were 38.9, 52.8 and 50.8 for SPI, fish protein and mixed protein, respectively. There was no significant difference between the nutritive values of mixed protein and fish protein. The nutritive value of SPI relative to fish protein was estimated as 82%, 74% and 74% by the slope-ratio method, and values for the nitrogen requirement and NPU, respectively. PMID- 6684155 TI - Microbial transformations of pergolide to pergolide sulfoxide and pergolide sulfone. AB - Fifty-eight microorganisms were investigated for their ability to effect the biotransformation of the ergoline alkaloid pergolide. A majority of these organisms formed pergolide sulfoxide, and a Helminthosporium species was investigated in greater detail since it yielded significant amounts of pergolide sulfoxide. A preparative-scale transformation afforded material which was identified as the sulfoxide based on melting point, spectral, and chromatographic comparison with authentic material as well as its conversion to pergolide by reduction with triphenylphosphine. An analytical high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the enzymatic versus spontaneous air-oxidation of pergolide in growing cultures and controls showed negligible air-oxidation and an approximately 40% enzymatic conversion of pergolide to the sulfoxide. Several organisms, including Aspergillus alliaceus formed a second metabolite, pergolide sulfone, which was identified on the basis of co-chromatographic data. PMID- 6684157 TI - Protein binding of progesterone in rat plasma. AB - The plasma of female rats contained progesterone-binding proteins similar to those found in luteal extracts and plasma of cows and sheep. These proteins were not ovarian in origin. The progesterone-binding activity of ovarian venous and arterial plasma of Day-16-pregnant rats and arterial plasma of rats in dioestrus was resolvable by hydroxylapatite chromatography into three components. The first component was identified as corticosteroid-binding globulin because it bound corticosterone and cortisol as well as progesterone and was not adsorbed to hydroxylapatite. The second and third components were eluted from hydroxylapatite at phosphate ionic strengths of 40 mM and 150 mM and bound progesterone with 99% less affinity. Competition experiments using the second component showed that it bound progesterone specifically. The progesterone-binding components were present in arterial plasma collected from rats which had been ovariectomized 5 days previously and in animals in which circulating concentrations of progesterone had been maintained by subcutaneous injections of progesterone for 6 days after ovariectomy. PMID- 6684158 TI - Oestrous behaviour and circulating progesterone and oestrogen levels during pseudopregnancy in the domestic rabbit. AB - Using a range of positive and negative sexual behaviour events, receptivity of 7 female rabbits was quantified from Day 4 to 21 of pseudopregnancy and related to colour of the vulva and patterns of circulating progesterone, oestrone and oestradiol. Females with a white vulva never accepted mating; the proportion of females with a red vulva submitting to mating varied from 13% on Days 6-9 to 80% on Days 14-21. In 3 females which were not receptive until Day 18, oestrogens were not detectable in peripheral serum; progesterone levels were maximal on Days 10-13 and gradually fell to levels less than 2 ng/ml on Day 17. In 4 females which were sporadically receptive during pseudopregnancy, oestrogen levels fluctuated between 15 and 140 pg/ml serum; the drop of progesterone began on Day 13 and was more rapid. PMID- 6684159 TI - Failure of spleen cell migration assays to detect cell-mediated immunity to spermatozoa after natural mating in female mice. AB - We have re-examined whether immunity to spermatozoa can be detected by spleen cell migration assays in inseminated female mice. Unlike previous results, however, sperm suspensions inhibited the migration of splenic leucocytes obtained from mated as well as control mice. Small differences were observed between leucocytes from untreated virgin mice and leucocytes from mice immunized with spermatozoa in adjuvant. In these experiments lymph node cells draining the injection site were added to the spleen cells. PMID- 6684160 TI - Role of age and length of oestrous cycle in alteration of the oocyte and intrauterine environment in the rat. AB - Zygotes were transferred, on the day of fertilization, from young and old rats with 4- or 6-day oestrous cycles into the ovarian bursa of young recipients with 4-day cycles, and zygotes from young rats with 4-day cycles were transferred into young and old recipients with 4- or 6-day cycles. Young rats with 4-day cycles served as controls for both donors and recipients. An increase in length of cycle or maternal age of donor caused an increase in unfertilized and/or abnormal eggs at the pronuclear stage (non-transferred zygotes). Increased age of donor or length of cycle decreased the implantation rate observed on Day 11 of pregnancy. Likewise, increased age of recipient or length of cycle decreased implantation rate observed on Day 11 of pregnancy. The increase in both age and length of cycle of donor or recipient caused the greatest decline in implantation rate and percentage of normal embryos observed on Day 11 of pregnancy. PMID- 6684156 TI - The role of the septum in the control of the milk ejection reflex in the rat: effects of lesions and electrical stimulation. AB - Experiments were undertaken to determine the role of the septum on the afferent control of the milk ejection reflex in lactating rats. Massive septal lesions were produced by passing radio-frequency current through lesioning electrodes. Intramammary pressure recordings during suckling showed no significant alterations either in the frequency of milk ejections or in their amplitude and time course. Electrophysiological recordings of identified oxytocin-secreting neurones in supraoptic nuclei of septal-lesioned rats engaged in suckling showed that the pattern of background electrical activity and of the high frequency discharges at milk ejection were normal. The weight of litters from rats lesioned on the third day post-partum increased in a way parallel to that of control litters up to the fifteenth post-natal day. Electrical stimulation was applied bilaterally to the lateral septum in trains of long duration (20-55 min) at varying frequencies. Frequencies of 5 and 10 Hz interrupted the reflex during the period of stimulation. At 1 Hz, milk ejections were not interrupted but the intervals between successive milk ejections were significantly increased in comparison to the intervals before stimulation. Electrical stimulation applied to the septum in short trains of 1 or 3 min at 5 and 10 Hz significantly delayed the appearance of the subsequent milk ejection. At 1 Hz, no effect was observed. Septal stimulation at 1 Hz for 20 min or more did not significantly alter the electrocorticogram during the period of stimulation. Stimulation at 5 Hz for the same period of time always desynchronized the e.e.g. for several minutes after the cessation of stimulation. It is concluded that the septum is not essential for the onset and the maintenance of reflex milk ejections during lactation. The results suggest, however, that in the normal non-anaesthetized animal, septal activation could modulate the frequency of milk ejections. PMID- 6684161 TI - Ovarian and endocrine responses in the cat after coitus. AB - LH release leading to ovulation was induced in 17 of 29 oestrous periods. The time of ovulation after coitus was determined by histological examination or by observation at laparotomy of ovaries in situ. Histological methods revealed that ovulation was complete in most follicles (9 of 13) at 32 h post coitum and in all follicles that were involved in the ovulatory process by 36 h. When laparotomy was used, no signs of preovulatory change were noted at the first observation time, 22 h post coitum, but in 4 cycles in which the entire process of ovulation was observed, the ovulatory process occurred between 23 and 28 h (3 follicles), 23 and 27 h (2 follicles), 25 and 28 h (3 follicles), and 25 and 29 h (3 follicles) post coitum. The first ovulatory process noted was complete at 25 h post coitum. In cats, LH release continued over a 16-h period before returning to baseline (long surge), values being 616 +/- 180 ng/ml at 1/2 h and 941 +/- 154 ng/ml at 2 h post coitum. In 6 cats the LH release pattern was limited to a 4-h period (short surge), values being 537 +/- 218 ng/ml at 1/2 h and 353 +/- 245 ng/ml plasma at 2 h and basal (49 +/- 18 ng/ml) by 4 h post coitum. Decreased secretion of oestrogen by follicles in animals undergoing ovulation was first observed at 16 h post coitum. It is concluded that coitus induces LH release within minutes in the cat and that ovulation begins about 24 h later and finishes by about 32 h post coitum. Only one coital input can cause LH release for as long as 16-20 h although shorter periods of LH release (4 h or less) can result in ovulation. PMID- 6684163 TI - Evidence that the onset of seasonal anoestrus in the ewe may be independent of increasing prolactin concentrations and daylength. AB - Nine ewes of each of two breeds, Dorset Horn (long breeding season) and Welsh Mountain (short breeding season), were ovariectomized after insertion of subcutaneous implants containing oestradiol-17 beta. A further 9 ewes of each breed were left entire. All of the ewes were placed in an artificial photoperiod of 8L : 16D on 12 December 1980. After 5 weeks half of the ewes of each breed and physiological state were abruptly changed into a long-day photoperiod (16L :8D) while the rest remained in short days. The time of onset of seasonal anoestrus in entire animals was significantly advanced in ewes changed to long days, with the end of the breeding season coming at the normal time of year in ewes maintained in short days. These differences in oestrous cycle activity were reflected by differences in the time at which LH concentrations in ovariectomized, oestrogen treated ewes on the two light treatments fell to basal values. Prolactin concentrations showed an immediate and sustained rise in ewes changed to long days, but remained low in ewes maintained in short days. Since the onset of seasonal anoestrus occurred in the absence of high levels of prolactin (in short day ewes), it is concluded that prolactin is not the major vehicle by which seasonal changes in hypothalamic responsiveness to the negative feedback effects of oestradiol are produced. The results suggest that anoestrus may be due to photorefractoriness. PMID- 6684162 TI - Development in the cyclic hamster of refractoriness to the superovulatory action of anti-LH serum. AB - Hamsters injected s.c. on the day of ovulation (Day 1) with 100 microliters equine anti-bovine LH serum ovulated 28 eggs at the end of a 5-day cycle. When a second injection of anti-LH serum was administered 4-93 days later, the animals did not superovulate and had normal 4-day cycles. Injection of 100 microliters normal rabbit serum (NRS) on Day 1 followed 14 days later by anti-LH serum resulted in the ovulation of 32 ova whereas a priming injection of 100 microliters normal horse serum (NHS) followed by anti-LH serum resulted in the ovulation of only 18 ova. When hamsters were injected on Day 1 with anti-LH serum, NHS or NRS and then with anti-LH serum in the 4th cycle, high titres of free antibodies to LH were present on Days 2-4 only in the animals treated with NRS; these hamsters ovulated a mean of 35 ova. These experiments suggest that the hamster rapidly forms antibodies to equine immunoglobulins, thus preventing a second injection of anti-LH serum from inducing superovulation. PMID- 6684164 TI - Ureteral obstruction in a pregnant patient with an ileal loop conduit. A case report. AB - A patient developed an obstruction of an ileal loop conduit during pregnancy. A left percutaneous nephrostomy was done under local anesthesia, and a tube was placed under sonographic guidance. The pregnancy was successful. PMID- 6684165 TI - The ubiquitousness of premenstrual tension in gynecologic practice. AB - One hundred thirty-seven premenopausal women with premenstrual tension underwent laparoscopy for bleeding, pain and/or infertility. Endometriosis was the associated gynecologic disease observed most frequently (66 patients). Other associated disorders were primary dysmenorrhea (31), poststerilization syndrome (24), chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (8) and leiomyoma uteri (8). Screening for prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone in patients with galactorrhea (74) revealed one patient with pituitary microadenoma and two with primary hypothyroidism. The midluteal progesterone levels were significantly decreased, whereas the midluteal estradiol 17 beta levels were significantly elevated. Because of the frequent association of premenstrual tension with other gynecologic diseases, screening for premenstrual tension in all premenopausal women is recommended. PMID- 6684166 TI - Hypothalamic, pineal and pituitary factors in the premenstrual syndrome. AB - Most women experience some changes in bodily sensations and mood prior to the onset of menstrual flow. In some women the number and severity of the symptoms justify regarding these changes as a disorder, the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Theories of the etiology of PMS have focused almost exclusively on abnormalities of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin secretion. Examination of the possible etiology of individual symptoms occurring in PMS suggests a common etiology involving abnormal fluctuations in brain levels of serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and interrelated neuroendocrine processes. Estrogen feedback may be a factor in the excessive fluctuations, particularly of serotonin. Danazol, an antiestrogen, can damp estrogen feedback effects and proved effective in most women treated in a small, uncontrolled trial. Future research should focus on central and peripheral neuroendocrine changes. PMID- 6684167 TI - Nutritional factors in the etiology of the premenstrual tension syndromes. AB - The premenstrual symptom complex many women experience in a moderate to severe form can be divided into four subgroups. Because there is more than one syndrome and nervous tension is one of the most common symptoms, the term premenstrual tension syndromes (PMTS) is used. The most common subgroup, PMT-A, consists of premenstrual anxiety, irritability and nervous tension, sometimes expressed in behavior patterns detrimental to self, family and society. Elevated blood estrogen and low progesterone have been observed in this subgroup. Administration of vitamin B6 at doses of 200-800 mg/day reduces blood estrogen, increases progesterone and results in improved symptoms under double-blind conditions. Women in this subgroup consume an excessive amount of dairy products and refined sugar, and progesterone may be of value in them. The second-most-common subgroup, PMT-H, is associated with symptoms of water and salt retention, abdominal bloating, mastalgia and weight gain. The severe form of PMT-H is associated with elevated serum aldosterone. Vitamin B6 at high dosage suppresses aldosterone and results in diuresis and clinical improvement. Vitamin E helps the breast symptoms. Methylxanthines and nicotine should be curtailed and sodium limited to 3 gm/day. PMT-C is characterized by premenstrual craving for sweets, increased appetite and indulgence in eating refined sugar followed by palpitation, fatigue, fainting spells, headache and sometimes the shakes. PMT-C patients have increased carbohydrate tolerance and low red-cell magnesium. Adequate magnesium replacement results in improved glucose tolerance tests and decreased PMT-C symptoms. Deficiency of the prostaglandin PGE1 may also be involved in PMT-C. PMT-D is the least common but most dangerous because suicide is most frequent in this subgroup. The symptoms are depression, withdrawal, insomnia, forgetfulness and confusion. In ten PMT-D patients the mean blood estrogen was lower and the mean blood progesterone higher than normal during the midluteal phase. Elevated adrenal androgens are observed in some hirsute PMT-D patients. Two PMT-D patients with normal blood progesterone and estrogens had high lead levels in hair tissue and chronic lead intoxication. This subgroups needs careful medical attention when the symptoms are severe. Therapy should be individualized according to the results of the evaluation. PMID- 6684169 TI - Fungal infection of prosthetic joints: a report of two cases. AB - Two cases of yeast infection of prosthetic joints, caused by Torulopsis glabrata and Candida albicans are described. One case occurred 27 months after joint insertion. Neither patient had an underlying illness predisposing them to infection. Removal of the prosthetic device appears necessary for cure of such infection. PMID- 6684168 TI - Diurnal variations in rheumatoid synovial effusions. AB - Diurnal variation in symptoms is characteristic of inflammatory arthritides. We performed serial arthrocenteses on 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, chosen because the knee studied had suffered minimal destruction in spite of persistent effusion. Cytology, resting pressures, C3 and C4 were invariant. Glucose, pH, lactate, pO2 showed wide diurnal variation. The direction of change was consistent for the first 2 measures. Such metabolic shifts might underlie symptoms and contribute to the pathophysiology of joint destruction. PMID- 6684170 TI - Chlorambucil in the treatment of iridocyclitis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6684172 TI - [Paracrystalline inclusions of nutritive cells of galls induced by Diplolepis rosae L. on Rosa canina L]. AB - Numerous crystalline inclusions are found in the nutritive cells lining the larval cavities of the galls induced by Diplolepis rosae L. on Rosa canina L. Electron microscopic investigations show that these intracytoplasmic inclusions consist of staggered, closely parallel, and slightly wavy filaments. In each filament three fibrils can be distinguished inside a less electron-dense matrix. The different aspects that the filaments may present according to the section plans are studied with an electron microscope equipped with a goniometric stage. Enzymatic digestion of ultrathin sections show that the paracrystals are essentially composed of proteins. This conclusion is sustained by the results of an ultrastructural autoradiographic study using tritiated aminoacids. The physiological significance of these paracrystals is discussed: their presence is probably related to a larval action which stimulates proteosynthesis in the cells surrounding the consumed ones. PMID- 6684173 TI - Viral proteins and RNAs in BHK cells persistently infected by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. AB - Some Syrian hamster cell lines persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) do not produce extracellular virus particles but do contain intracytoplasmic infectious material. The proteins of these cells were labeled with [35S]methionine or with [3H]glucosamine and [3H]mannose, and immunoprecipitates were prepared with anti-LCMV sera. A substantial amount of the LCMV nucleocapsid protein (molecular weight about 58,000) was detected, along with GP-C, the precursor of the virion glycoproteins GP-1 and GP-2. GP-1 and GP-2 themselves were not detected. A new method of transferring proteins electrophoretically from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels to diazotized paper in high yield revealed several additional LCMV proteins present specifically in the persistently infected cells, at apparent molecular weights (X10(3] of 112, 107, 103, 89, 71 (probably GP-C), 58 (nucleocapsid protein), 42 to 47 (probably GP-1), and 40 (possibly GP-2). By iodinating intact cells with I3, GP-1 but not GP-2 or GP-C was revealed on the surfaces of the persistently infected cells, whereas both GP-1 and GP-C were found on the surfaces of acutely infected cells. The absence of GP-C from the plasma membrane of the persistently infected cells might be related to defective maturation of the virus in these cells. Cytoplasmic viral nucleoprotein complexes were labeled with [3H]uridine in the presence or absence of actinomycin D, purified partially by sedimentation in D2O-sucrose gradients, and adsorbed to fixed Staphylococus aureus cells in the presence of anti-LCMV immunoglobulin G. Several discrete species of viral RNA were released from the immune complexes with sodium dodecyl sulfate. Some were appreciably smaller than the 31S and 23S species of standard LCMV virions, indicating that defective interfering viral RNAs are probably present in the persistently infected cells. Ribosomal 28S and 18S RNAs, labeled only in the absence of actinomycin D, were coprecipitated with anti-LCMV serum but not with control serum, indicating their association with LCMV nucleoproteins in the cells. PMID- 6684171 TI - Filipin resistance in intermediate junction membranes of guinea pig ependyma: possible relationship to filamentous underlying. AB - Plasma membranes in intermediate junctions of ependymal cells are found to show considerable resistance to the antibiotic filipin, suggesting low cholesterol in these membranes. Further, ependymal cells were treated with cytochalasin B (CB) infused into the cerebral ventricle in vivo, and then incubated with filipin. When treated with CB, intermediate junctions show a decrease in their underlying density, mainly composed of microfilaments, and their membranes are found to be more affected by filipin. This reduction of resistance to the antibiotic is clearly demonstrated by thin-section and freeze-fracture as well as quantitative analysis. Nonjunctional lateral membranes, however, show no significant difference in the degree of filipin effect whether treated with CB or not. Although biochemical data on lipid composition have not been available for the intermediate junction membranes, we bring forward a possibility that resistance to filipin in these membranes may come not from less cholesterol but from morphological membrane stability brought about by the filamentous underlying. PMID- 6684174 TI - Recurrences in surgical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. AB - A retrospective analysis of patients with surgical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis was done in an attempt to define the pathogenesis of treatment failure. Of 138 patients 126 (91 per cent) remain free of disease, with a median followup of 5 or more years, and 12 (9 per cent) suffered relapse an average of 9 months after orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. The majority of recurrences were in the lungs. Of 12 patients who had recurrence 6 were salvaged and are alive without evidence of disease 3 or more years after the second complete remission. A history of scrotal surgery or scrotal violation, the extent of the primary tumor and the presence of sarcomatous elements in the primary were not statistically significant risk factors in this study. A higher recurrence rate with embryonal carcinoma than with teratocarcinoma was not statistically significant. PMID- 6684175 TI - A new method for the investigation of the closure function of the resting female urethra. AB - The field-gradient principle has been used in the development of a probe for the recording of related values of cross-sectional area and pressure in the resting female urethra. The probe is used in a manner that allows pressure to be increased in steps of 10 cm. water, distending the urethra up to a cross sectional area of 0.79 cm.2. Recordings are performed at 0.5 cm. steps throughout the urethra. The obtained parameters make possible a description of the closure function in terms of urethral rigidity, closure pressure of the noninstrumented urethra, capability of isometric and isotonic contraction, muscular function and power of the closure mechanism. PMID- 6684176 TI - Pseudomyotonia of the striated urethral sphincter. AB - Pseudomyotonic discharges of the striated urethral sphincter are infrequent findings. We herein report on 9 patients with dissimilar anatomical-clinical conditions. In some patients a definite neurological lesion was ascertained, whereas in the remaining patients no neurological impairment could be determined clinically and instrumentally. The possibility of spontaneous resolution of the phenomenon is an interesting clinical feature. PMID- 6684177 TI - Paecilomyces pyelonephritis complicating nephrolithiasis and review of Paecilomyces infections. AB - We report a case of Paecilomyces variotii isolated from the renal pelvis at ureterolithotomy. The patient presented with nephrolithiasis, acute flank pain, fever and pyuria, which resolved postoperatively. Paecilomyces has infected the cornea, prosthetic lens implants, lacrimal sac, maxillary sinuses, prosthetic mitral and aortic valves, skin and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. PMID- 6684178 TI - Torulopsis glabrata perinephric abscess: a case report. AB - We report a case of Torulopsis glabrata perinephric abscess associated with diabetes mellitus. Clinical improvement occurred with surgical drainage and systemic amphotericin therapy. The importance of this urinary pathogen and the need for multimodality therapy are highlighted. PMID- 6684179 TI - Acquired megalourethra in a woman with normal vagina: a case report. AB - Urethral coitus leading to megalourethra in women is an extremely rare phenomenon, with only 17 cases reported in the literature to date. All of these cases were associated with some vaginal abnormality, either atresia, or a fibrotic or imperforate hymen. PMID- 6684180 TI - Phase II trial of sequentially administered cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin for urothelial tract tumors. AB - A total of 32 patients with urothelial tract tumors, 31 of whom had bidimensionally measurable disease parameters, underwent sequential intravenous administration of 70 mg./m.2 cisplatin, 250 mg./m.2 cyclophosphamide and 45 mg./m.2 doxorubicin on days 1 to 3 every 3 to 4 weeks. Of these patients 28 (88 per cent) were treated adequately, including 13 (46 per cent, 95 per cent confidence limits of 28 to 64 per cent) who achieved a complete (2) or partial (11) remission. Almost all remissions occurred within 1 to 3 weeks and persisted for a median duration of 8 months (range 4 to 16 months), with 5 patients responding for 1 or more years. Responders lived significantly longer than nonresponders, with a median of 91 versus 38 weeks, respectively (p less than 0.001). The over-all response rate with this 3-drug combination was not statistically different from that which has been observed in previously untreated, selected patients given cisplatin only. When the results of the 3-drug combination (92 responses in 202 patients) are compared to those of cisplatin alone (85 responses in 255 patients) the 3-drug regimen is statistically superior (p less than 0.002). PMID- 6684183 TI - Successful repair of a large vesicovaginal fistula with associated urethral loss using the anterior bladder flap technique. AB - We report the successful repair of a large circumferential vesicovaginal fistula associated with loss of two-thirds of the urethra. The use of the anterior bladder flap technique resulted in creation of an effective continence unit. To our knowledge, no such case has been reported previously. PMID- 6684181 TI - Microtransducer urethral profile methodology: variations caused by transducer orientation. AB - Microtip catheters are being used increasingly for measurement of the urethral pressure profile. The orientation of the pressure sensor is critical and attention is drawn to variations of the measured parameters in different sensor positions. A standardization of transducer orientation is necessary and the lateral (9 o'clock) position is suggested. PMID- 6684182 TI - Unilateral vesicoureteral reflux and unilateral nonfunctioning kidney associated with posterior urethral valves--a syndrome? AB - From 1964 to 1982 we treated 8 patients with unilateral vesicoureteral reflux and posterior urethral valves. The majority of these ureters with reflux are associated with ipsilateral renal nonfunction and prompt upper tract decompression appears to salvage few such kidneys. Contralateral function has been excellent and the long-term prognosis appears good. Of the 8 patients 6 ultimately underwent nephrectomy. Surprisingly, there was no evidence for true dysplasia or significant inflammation in these specimens. The segmental changes were most consistent with an acquired process, secondary to reflux rather than primary dysplasia. PMID- 6684185 TI - Experimental infection of a bison with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. PMID- 6684184 TI - Genetic etiology of posterior urethral valves. AB - Several congenital urological anomalies have been shown to be present in monozygotic twins and to have familial tendencies. Most of these disorders are associated with maldevelopment of the mesonephric (wolffian) duct and their genetic predisposition suggests an interaction of many genes of small effect. The etiology of type I posterior urethral valves is unknown. Some authors postulate that these valves result from anomalous development of the mesonephric duct, while others believe that they originate from the urogenital sinus. There are only a few reports in the literature on familial posterior urethral valves. We report on 2 more pairs of monozygotic twins and suggest that posterior urethral valves also may have polygenetic factors similar to other anomalies of the mesonephric duct. Based on this observation, we propose that posterior urethral valves likely arise from maldevelopment of the mesonephric duct. PMID- 6684186 TI - Fetal mummification in the sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827). PMID- 6684187 TI - Possible new relief for premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 6684188 TI - Treatment and surgical staging of testicular and primary extragonadal germ cell cancer. AB - Fifty-four patients with disseminated germ cell cancer (primary testicular, 39; primary extragonadal, 15) were treated with vinblastine sulfate, bleomycin sulfate, and cisplatin, followed by tumor-reductive surgery. Cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin hydrochloride were given after surgery. Thirty-five patients with primary testicular disease achieved a complete remission; two of these relapsed from complete remission, and one died in complete remission. Median follow-up was 37 months. Ten (67%) of the 15 patients with extragonadal cancer achieved a complete remission; five of these relapsed from complete remission, and only four remained in complete remission for a median of 40 months. Thirty-eight patients underwent surgery after chemotherapy. Eleven had residual cancer, 14 had teratoma, and 13 had fibrosis. The use of remission-induction chemotherapy followed by surgical removal of residual abnormalities can cure most patients with disseminated testicular cancer. These same therapeutic strategies are inadequate in the treatment of patients with primary extragonadal disease. PMID- 6684189 TI - Inhibitory action of prostaglandin E on angiotensin II-induced enhancement of vasoconstrictor response to sympathetic nerve stimulation. AB - The inhibitory action of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the vasoconstrictor response to an electrical stimulation of perivascular sympathetic nerve (VSNS) was examined using the perfused central artery of an isolated rabbit ear. This response to VSNS was depressed with PGE1 (2.0 to 5.0 ng/ml in the perfusate) and was augmented with a PG synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin (1.0 microgram/ml). Angiotensin II (1.0 ng/ml) enhanced the response to VSNS, whereas treatment with PGE1 prevented the enhancing effect of angiotensin II completely. In addition, angiotensin II enhanced the response to a bolus injection of noradrenaline in an almost similar manner to that to VSNS. However, PGE1 (2.0 to 5.0 ng/ml) did not inhibit the enhancing effect of angiotensin II on the noradrenaline response. From these results, it is suggested that there may be remarkable antagonism between PGE and the sympathetic nervous system and/or the renin-angiotensin system in the central artery of the isolated rabbit ear, and that PGE1 probably and more potentially acts at presynaptic sites in perivascular sympathetic nerve endings than at postsynaptic ones. PMID- 6684191 TI - Biochemical aspects of experimental barbital dependence II: Effect on glycometabolism. AB - A single injection of barbital increased glycogen, while it decreased glucose and glucose-6-phosphate levels in the rat brain. In long barbital dosing (36 days), however, the metabolite level of carbohydrate was almost recovered to the non treated level. At the later stage of withdrawal (24-48 hr), all metabolites examined except lactate decreased. Only lactate increased remarkably. The effect of barbital dosing and withdrawal was almost same in the three portions, i.e., the cerebral cortex, brain stem, and cerebellum. Barbital depresses the central glycometabolism, and at the dependent stage (long term barbital dosing, 36 days or more), metabolism was almost same as the control. At the later period of withdrawal, it appeared that lactate was increased because of the hypoxic condition caused by stroke. In conclusion, carbohydrate metabolism can probably serve as a sensitive measure for the development of barbital dependence and the onset of withdrawal. PMID- 6684194 TI - Chemical messengers between Sertoli cells and neighbouring cells. AB - The Sertoli cell has been shown to secrete a number of compounds, some of which are postulated to serve as chemical signals to the neighbouring cells. The evidence for such communication between Sertoli cells and Leydig cells is briefly summarized. More emphasis is put on Sertoli cell-germ cell interactions. The morphological observations do not support a direct transfer of material from cell to cell. Therefore, the observed dependency of germ cells on Sertoli cells and vice versa must be explained by diffusion of substances from one cell to the other. Examples of Sertoli cell secretory products whose production is dependent on the type of surrounding germ cells are ABP, plasminogen activator, a somatomedin-like compound, transferrin and a high-molecular weight aromatase inhibitor. PMID- 6684192 TI - [Cataract extraction in chronic iridocyclitis. Long-term follow-ups]. AB - Eighty-six patients with chronic anterior uveitis were followed up for an average of five years after cataract surgery. In most cases the course of the uveitis was favorably influenced: inflammatory signs were reduced in 70% and the frequency of recurrence in 94%. With regard to the postoperative course, there was no significant difference between the eyes in which an iris suture had been performed and those in which it had not. One should therefore not hesitate to remove cataracts in patients with chronic uveitis. PMID- 6684190 TI - A new approach for assessment of narcotic physical dependence using urinary sex dependent low molecular weight proteins in male rats. AB - Attempts have been made to examine the relationship between urinary excretion of sex-dependent low molecular weight proteins found only in male rats (LMWP) and morphine physical dependence. Chronic administration of morphine produced a dose related decrease in urinary LMWP excretion, which was correlated to the intensity of withdrawal signs including body weight loss and abnormal behaviors recognized after naloxone challenge. Furthermore, a statistically high correlation was obtained between the decrease in urinary LMWP excretion and the loss of body weight precipitated by naloxone challenge. LMWP was identified immunologically in the livers, kidneys, and sera using an antibody against purified LMWP. The serum level of LMWP was increased rapidly following bilateral nephrectomy. After chronic treatment with morphine, the LMWP content in the livers, kidneys, and sera were decreased. These findings indicate that the decrease in urinary LMWP excretion induced by chronic administration of morphine can be a useful parameter to assess the development of physical dependence on narcotics on the peripheral level without requiring drug withdrawal and naloxone challenge. This decrease in urinary LMWP may be caused by the inhibition of LMWP synthesis in the liver. PMID- 6684193 TI - 7. Corticosteroid secretion--clinical aspects. Plasma cortisol concentrations in the functional psychoses and Alzheimer type dementia: a neuroendocrine day approach in drug-free patients. AB - We have investigated the plasma concentration of cortisol in psychotic patients classified according to Feighner's criteria as either depressed, manic, schizophrenic or unclassified, and in 8 patients with Alzheimer's Type Dementia. The patients had been free of either neuroleptic or antidepressant drugs for at least 3 months before the study. Blood sampling was carried out by way of a "neuroendrocrine day" approach in which venous samples were taken at 07:00, 07:30 and 08:00 h; 15:00, 15:30 and 16:00 h; and 23:00, 23:30 and 24:00 h. This approach permits determination of circadian pattern of hormone release and allows for pulsatile hormone release. These preliminary results showed that, contrary to expectation, neither the mean concentrations nor the circadian pattern of plasma cortisol concentrations in patients with depression differed significantly from those in any other group. PMID- 6684195 TI - Current status of the molecular structure and function of the plasma sex steroid binding protein (SBP). AB - Purification and characterization of the sex steroid-binding protein (SBP) from human, macaque, baboon, and rabbit sera indicate that the protein is composed of two polypeptide chains which associate noncovalently to yield a native structure having molecular weight distributions of about 88,000 for primate SBPs, and 80,000 for rabbit SBP. The subunit molecular weight distributions are 44,000 for human SBP, 47,000 for macaque and baboon SBP's, and 40,000 for rabbit SBP. Isoelectric focusing show extensive microheterogeneity for all four SBPs. The patterns appear to be unique for each species and reveal the presence of at least twelve bands of different colour intensity reflecting a specific spectrum of active SBP molecules. The existence of the large number of dimeric forms of SBP arises through the combination of many variants of the same two subunits containing different amounts and types of carbohydrate sidechains. Physiological studies on the intravenous infusion of pure rhesus SBP, human SBP, and purified monospecific SBP-antibodies into the rhesus reveal an inverse relationship between SBP and the metabolic clearance rate of testosterone. The effect is complex and depends on the concentration of SBP, albumin, and testosterone which in turn influences the distribution of testosterone between albumin and SBP. PMID- 6684196 TI - The significance of lectin receptors for the evaluation of hormone dependence in breast cancer. AB - Benign and malignant breast diseases were histochemically investigated with regard to their secretory function. Thereby, the labelled lectin from peanut (peanut agglutinin = PNA) which possesses a high affinity for D-galactosyl-(1-3) N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, showed a binding pattern partly indicating disturbed secretory cell mechanisms. Further studies with a labelled antibody directed against a milk fat globule membrane glycoprotein, which was isolated by PNA affinity chromatography from human milk, confirmed the PNA receptor as a marker of a milk protein in breast carcinomas. Additionally, two other monoclonal antibodies which were raised against other components of the milk fat globule membrane were used for a more detailed characterization of the functional situation of mammary carcinomas. These immuno- and lectin-histochemical investigations revealed that tumors with a high secretory activity responded in about 80% to endocrine treatment, whereas breast carcinomas that exhibited no secretory function failed to respond to endocrine therapy. Thereby, the hormone dependence of tumor tissue showed an inverse correlation with the proliferative activity, as determined by the mitosis index. PMID- 6684198 TI - Active immunization of female rats against 17 beta-estradiol. Preliminary studies on 17 beta-estradiol binding in uterine and pituitary cytosols. AB - Female rats were immunized with 17 beta-estradiol-6-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin. They developed antibodies to estradiol and, to a very low extent, antibodies to BSA. Anti-estradiol antibodies possessed tight specificity to estradiol-17 beta, without cross-reactivities with other estrogens. It was demonstrated that the specific estradiol binding in uterine and pituitary cytosols gradually decreased when antiserum titres increased. In uterine cytosols, the presence of progesterone receptor was studied using promegestone (R50 20) as ligand. No significant variations in promegestone binding were observed. Competition experiments however, questioned the permanence in immunized rats of the actual progesterone receptor or of a promegestone binding protein. PMID- 6684197 TI - Use of radioimmunoassay procedures for the determination of sex hormones in animal tissues. AB - Radioimmunoassay methods for the determination of sex steroids and other compounds with sex hormone-like activities in various edible animal tissues and endocrine glands have been developed. Reliability of these methods, allowing quantification in a range of 10(-11) M, has been adequately demonstrated. In any case the necessary extraction procedures could be kept feasible as a result of the binding characteristics of the antisera available. When applied in respect to monitor for residues of anabolic sex hormones in edible tissues of veal calves, physiological baseline levels of some endogenous "anabolic" steroids (like testosterone, oestrogens) were established; in the case of xenobiotics residues at the scheduled time of slaughter could be quantified (trenbolone) and a regulatory method to implement the ban of diethylstilbestrol was introduced. PMID- 6684200 TI - Genetic selection for ethanol withdrawal severity: differences in replicate mouse lines. AB - We report an ongoing within-family selective breeding project for the severity of handling-induced withdrawal seizures in mice made physically dependent on ethanol by inhalation. Two Withdrawal Seizure Prone (WSP) and two Withdrawal Seizure Resistant (WSR) lines have been subjected to five generations of selection, and two control (WSC) lines are maintained. Each WSP line had more severe and each WSR line had less severe withdrawal convulsions than its respective WSC line. Differences relative to control lines were more pronounced in the WSP lines and were not due to differences in effective dose of ethanol. Heritabilities were higher in the WSP lines than in the WSR lines. These lines will be useful for studying physiological determinants of ethanol dependence and withdrawal. PMID- 6684201 TI - Separation of hepatic N-demethylase-inducing and opioid dependence-producing doses of levo-alpha-acetylmethadol in the pregnant rat. AB - A 2.0 mg per kg oral dose of 1-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) administered daily to female rats prior to mating and throughout pregnancy increased ethylmorphine N demethylase activity in liver microsomes of the dams measured 24 h after parturition. This dose of LAAM decreased maternal weight gain during gestation and increased postnatal mortality. However, 0.05 mg LAAM per kg was sufficient to produce dependence in the dams without affecting hepatic drug metabolism, gestational weight gain or neonatal mortality. The data indicate that it is not necessary to use doses of LAAM which can affect drug metabolizing enzymes in dams and increase pup mortality to maintain opioid-type physical dependence. PMID- 6684199 TI - Evidence that the nigrotegmental GABAergic projection mediates stereotypy induced by apomorphine and intranigral muscimol. AB - The substantia nigra plays a pivotal role in the relay of output from the striatum. One neural pathway from substantia nigra projects GABAergic fibers to the caudal mesencephalic tegmentum, terminating in the vicinity of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). To evaluate the functional importance of this projection in the mediation of stereotyped behaviors of striatal and nigral origin, we microinjected low doses of the GABA agonist, muscimol, bilaterally into the vicinity of the PPN. This muscimol treatment resulted in a total blockade of all stereotyped behaviors normally elicited by systemic apomorphine or by intranigral muscimol. Blockade was not observed in animals microinjected with muscimol into the dorsal reticular formation, 1 mm above the level of the PPN. Our results indicate that the nigrotegmental projection may play a crucial role in the expression of stereotyped and dyskinetic behaviors of basal ganglia origin. PMID- 6684202 TI - Chronic administration of three neuroleptics: effects of behavioral supersensitivity mediated by two different brain regions in the rat. AB - This investigation assessed the relative abilities of three neuroleptics to supersensitize behaviors mediated by the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine (DA) systems. Rats were treated with either haloperidol, thioridazine, fluotracen or vehicle for 21 days. Stereotypy, in response to DA injection to the striatum, or locomotor activity, in response to DA injection to the nucleus accumbens, were measured after the termination of drug treatment. Pre-treatment with haloperidol enhanced both behavioral responses to central DA injection, while pre-treatment with thioridazine did not enhance either behavior. Pre-treatment with fluotracen enhanced the locomotor response to DA injection to the nucleus accumbens, but did not alter stereotypy after DA injection to the striatum. Neuroleptics differ in their ability to supersensitize the same DA-related behavior, and act selectively to supersensitize behaviors mediated by different DA systems. PMID- 6684203 TI - [Instantaneous heart arrest during sports]. PMID- 6684204 TI - [Microorganisms as potential source of fats]. AB - The production of fat and fatty acids from microorganisms have come up as a problem recently. Since, the fat originated from plants and animals in living world is not enough for the increasing world population. The most important problem was to select the true microorganisms for microbial fat production. Although the fact that bacteria grow fast but due to having small cellular mass production they were not chosen for this purpose, instead, various subspecies of yeast such as Candida, Rhodotorula were studied. These subspecies were generally grown up fast, having a highest cellular mass and giving a mixture of homogeneous fermentation liquor and collected easily by centrifugation. PMID- 6684206 TI - [Hemorrhagic corpus luteum of the ovary]. PMID- 6684205 TI - Prostaglandins and gene action: possible relevance to the effect of PG system on leukocyte alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity. AB - Prostaglandin E2, colchicine and imidazole, known to enhance and inhibit thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthesis respectively and chloroquine, a PGE1 synthesis enhancer and PGE2 antagonist can alter the leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) enzyme activity. Thromboxane A2 and other related prostaglandins (PGs) are known to bind to DNA and thus possibly regulate DNA action. It is proposed here that prostaglandins are able to modify LAP activity by their action on the DNA and thus the Gene that codes for LAP. This hypothesis envisages that normally there are specific receptors on the genes for PGs. Taking LAP enzyme system as the model, it is proposed that the affinity of TxA1, TxA2, PGE2 and PGE1 to the operator is more than to that of the repressor. But when the levels of TxA2, PGE2 and PGE1 are in excess, all the receptors on the operator are not only completely occupied but they are also able to bind to repressor in sufficient amounts to transiently switch off the LAP synthesis by the structural gene. It is further envisaged that the affinity of the PG receptors on the operator and repressor systems of the operon is greatest for TxA1 and least for PGE2 (TxA1 greater than TxA2 greater than PGE1 greater than PGE2). This hypothesis though simply in its model explains all the variables obtained in our studies on the effect of PGs on the LAP activity. This concept by itself or a suitable modification, may explain the role of PGs in the pathogenesis of cancer. It will be interesting to study, in the light of this hypothesis, the role of the PG system on DNA repair mechanism, m-RNA and t-RNA synthesis and gene action in several systems. PMID- 6684207 TI - Neural and behavioral consequences of prenatal exposure to diazepam. PMID- 6684208 TI - Prevention of impaired brain development by hormones and drugs. PMID- 6684209 TI - Decreased cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting with chronic alcohol ingestion. PMID- 6684211 TI - The effect of freezing on the sensory properties of Xerocomus badius (Fr, Kuhn) and Tricholoma equestre (L ex Fr, Quel). AB - As the result of sensory and gas chromatographic investigation of the edible mushrooms Xerocomus badius and Tricholoma equestre aroma properties it was stated that freezing preserves the general character of typical aroma. The observed changes were mostly favourable for sensory value intensifying the characteristic for investigated species small and, in the case of T. equestre, lowering the threshold concentration. PMID- 6684210 TI - [Microbiological degradation of glucosinolates in defatted rapeseed meal]. AB - During the degradation of thioglucosides in defatted rape seed meal (RES) microorganisms were found, whose ability to degrade glucosinolates (GSL) and vinyl thio-oxazolidone (VTO) was not known so far. The isolated microorganisms are two strains of bacteria of the species Bacillus cereus and the yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. The degradation of GSL and VTO in the cultural broths by the Bacillus cereus strains was the more complete the more other Gram-negative bacteria from RES were additionally present. Drinking tests with Wistar rats showed that here is a relation between the watersoluble and mainly bitter toxin substances of rape and their influence on the increase of the animals body weight. PMID- 6684213 TI - Some comments on the usefulness of 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test for the evaluation of rancidity in frozen fish. AB - Rancidity of frozen fish (Baltic cod and herring, mackerel, horse mackerel and hake) was determined by means of TBA value, organoleptical scoring and peroxide value. The correlation between the rancid odour sensory assessment and TBA test results proved insignificant (r = 0.53). Model experiment was undertaken in which promine D with addition of papain was incubated at 50 degrees C over 44 h. It was shown that as accumulation of protein hydrolysis products proceeded the increase of TBA value has taken place without development of rancid odour and with peroxide content below sensibility of sulphocyanide method. With regard to fish, therefore, it seems that the TBA test applied by means of techniques in which the reaction with TBA proceeds in the presence of interfering substances should be treated as a "freshness test" rather than a strictly rancidity one. PMID- 6684212 TI - Synthesis and analysis of 1-octen-3-ol, the main flavour component of mushrooms. AB - The most abundant volatile occurring in mushrooms and responsible for the mushroom odour is 1-octen-3-ol. To meet the demand for a flavour compound yielding a mushroom odour a study was carried out on the possibility of obtaining 1-octen-3-ol synthetically. On the basis of literature data and experiments performed, the synthesis of this compound was carried out by two methods, i.e. by Grignard reaction between acrolein and amyl iodide and by selective reduction of 1-octen-3-on. The purity of the 1-octen-3-ol obtained was determined by GLC chromatography and by spectroscopic methods. The compound obtained by Grignard reaction had its IR, 13C NMR spectra and GLC chromatogram identical with those of the standard. The yield of 1-octen-3-ol by Grignard reaction was 65%, while the reduction of the ketone to the alcohol gave a yield of 90%. PMID- 6684214 TI - Influence of cis-platinum on some platelet functions in vitro. AB - Cis-platinum added to citrated platelet rich plasma in vitro did not influence the aggregation of the platelets, their adhesion to glass, their release of platelet factor 4 or availability of platelet factor 3 and acid phosphatase. Neither any effect on the uptake of 14C-serotonin, the reptilase clot retraction or the coagulation system has been observed. PMID- 6684215 TI - Monitoring of effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II. Part I. Cytogenetic analysis in vitro. AB - The cytogenetic effects of cytostatic drug Platidiam Lachema (cis diamminedichloroplatinum (II) complex, cis-DDP) have been studied employing short term in vitro cultivation of human peripheral lymphocytes. Three hours following the administration of cis-DDP at a concentration of 12.5 microM (that is a concentration approximately 10 times lower than that applied clinically at a single dose), chromosome aberrations (predominantly breaks, in 73% those of the chromatid type) were seen at an increased rate. They reached their maximum after 24 h of treatment. A time dependence has been revealed: with decreasing mitotic activity and prolonged time of cis-DDP treatment (3, 6, 18, 24, 48, 72 h, respectively) the number of cells with aberrant chromosomes increased, this elevation being statistically significant from 18 h on. PMID- 6684216 TI - Characterization of a pineal-independent diurnal rhythm in neural estrogen receptors and its possible behavioral consequences. PMID- 6684217 TI - Inhibition by melatonin of dopamine release from rat hypothalamus in vitro: variations with sex and the estrous cycle. AB - The inhibitory effect of melatonin on evoked dopamine release from whole hypothalamus as well as from its three regions (preoptic area, median and posterior hypothalamus) was studied in male rats and in female rats during various stages of the estrous cycle. Inhibition of dopamine release by 1 microM melatonin was significantly higher at the estrous and lower at the diestrous than at the metestrous and proestrous stages. The variations in inhibition of dopamine release during the estrous cycle occurred predominantly in the preoptic area, and were nonsignificant in the other hypothalamic regions. In male rats, a constant level of inhibition was observed. In addition, the concentration of melatonin needed to produce half maximal effect in the female shifted from approximately 0.6 nM at the estrous and metestrous stages to more than 1 microM at the proestrous and diestrous stages. The corresponding concentration in male rats was of the order of 1 microM, and did not change. PMID- 6684218 TI - Oestradiol-17 beta increases the firing rate of antidromically identified neurones of the rat neostriatum. AB - Extracellular recordings were made from the neostriatum of rats anaesthetised with halothane. Normal male and female animals were used as well as castrated animals with implants containing oestradiol-17 beta (E2). In animals with high levels of circulating oestrogen, intact pro-oestrous rats and females and males bearing an E2 implant, individual units could be recorded that were spontaneously active and with axons that could be excited by stimulation in the crus cerebri. Such antidromically identified striato-nigral neurones were invariably silent in male animals and in ovariectomised females. In contrast to animals in pro oestrus, intact female animals during metoestrus showed the 'male' pattern of striatal cell activity. These results show that E2 can stimulate spontaneous firing of striato-nigral neurons, and that this action of E2 is not sex dependent. PMID- 6684220 TI - The effect of estradiol on the alterations in monoamine-mediated behavioural responses induced by administration of electroconvulsive shocks or imipramine to female rats. AB - Female rats were treated daily with electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) or imipramine (10 mg/kg) for 10 days. Both types of treatment enhanced behavioural responses mediated by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA). A behavioural response mediated by dopamine (DA) was enhanced by electroconvulsive shock treatment alone. On the other hand, rats treated only once with imipramine exhibited reduced DA-mediated behaviour. Priming the rats with estradiol valerate before starting electroconvulsive shock- or imipramine- treatment did not produce any significant effect on the enhancement in the behavioural response mediated by 5-HT. The enhancement in behaviour mediated by NA caused by electroconvulsive shock was also not altered, but that caused by treatment with imipramine was abolished. Enhancement of behaviour mediated by DA following electroconvulsive shock-treatment was also attenuated, while there was a positive reduction in behaviour mediated by DA in imipramine-treated rats. The two therapeutic approaches to depression, viz., electroconvulsive shock and imipramine, thus produced somewhat different effects on the central functions mediated by monoamines. Furthermore, an estrogen given prior to the treatments differentially altered the influence exerted by electroconvulsive shock and imipramine on monoamine functions in brain. The results may be pertinent to the clinical impression that estrogens produce a partial resistance to the antidepressant efficacy of imipramine-like drugs. PMID- 6684219 TI - Relationship between light intensity and the melatonin and drinking rhythms of rats. AB - We examined the effect of varying ambient light intensity on the amplitudes of the daily rhythms in urinary melatonin excreted or water consumed per day. Animals were initially exposed to one of two types of diurnal regimens (dim light: darkness or bright light: darkness) designed to simulate their lighting situations in nature or in the laboratory. They were then placed under continuous light, at one of four intensities: total darkness, very dim light (0.005-0.01 microW/cm2), dim light (0.1-0.3 microW/cm2) and bright light (45-110 microW/cm2). Under continuous lighting the amplitudes of melatonin rhythms and the concentrations of melatonin excreted per 24-hour period decreased as the intensity of illumination was increased. A 50% decrease in the rhythm's amplitude, compared with the amplitude observed when the same rats had been under a diurnal lighting regimen, required irradiances of about 0.05 microW/cm2, which is on the same order as the intensity provided by full moonlight (0.20 microW/cm2). Water consumption rhythms were less altered by continuous light: only the brightest irradiances (45-110 microW/cm2) significantly reduced amplitude by 40-60%. PMID- 6684221 TI - Effects of chronic treatment with imipramine, trazodone and electroshock on the behavioural and electroencephalographic modifications induced by clonidine in the rat. AB - The influence of some typical and atypical antidepressant drugs on the EEG and behavioural effects of clonidine has been studied. The results indicate that chronic administration of imipramine or of electroshock led to the abolition of the behavioural depression and of the EEG synchronisation induced by clonidine. Chronic administration of trazodone was without effect. These results support the hypothesis that chronic treatment with imipramine and electroshock elicits a down regulation of noradrenergic presynaptic receptors. These structures seem to be largely unaffected by trazodone, which could have a favourable effect on depression through its influence on beta-adrenergic receptors and on the 5-HT system. PMID- 6684222 TI - Acetylcholine receptor antibody and clinical response to thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. AB - We studied serum anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody and clinical response to thymectomy in myasthenia gravis for 1 to 3 1/2 years postoperatively in 25 patients who did not receive immunosuppressive drugs. Clinical grade was assessed "blind." Mean final anti-AChR values were significantly reduced compared with thymectomy values (69.6 +/- 7.5% SEM; p less than 0.05). Anti-AChR fell steadily to 42-15% in the six patients who developed remission. Overall, there was a significant correlation between changes in anti-AChR and in clinical grade at 1 year (p less than 0.01) and at final assessment (p less than 0.001). An association between fall in anti-AChR and clinical improvement was absent in five individuals and not accounted for by change in antibody characteristics. PMID- 6684223 TI - Hyperkinetic circulation during exercise in neuromuscular disease. AB - Increased oxygen transport by the circulation is normally tightly coupled to increased oxygen uptake (VO2) during exercise; cardiac output (Q) increases 5 to 6 liters for every liter of increased oxygen utilization (delta Q/delta VO2 congruent to 5). We measured cardiac output and oxygen uptake at rest and during bicycle exercise in 7 patients with myalgia without evident muscle disease and 15 patients with myopathies. Resting circulation was normal in all patients, and during exercise the increase in cardiac output relative to oxygen uptake was normal in all myalgia and most myopathy patients. However, in four patients (with dermatomyositis, phosphorylase deficiency, carnitine deficiency, and ocular myopathy with "ragged-red fibers") exercise cardiac output was excessive and delta Q/delta VO2 high, resulting in an abnormally high level of cardiac work for a given level of exercise. This hyperkinetic response may represent aberrant regulation of the circulation by skeletal muscle as a consequence of some myopathies. PMID- 6684225 TI - Clinical examination of saccadic eye movements in hemianopia. AB - We used two simple bedside tests of saccadic eye movements between two fingers as targets to study 23 hemianopic patients. With these tests, we could provide confirmation or, in malingering, exclusion of a hemianopia. Furthermore, the amount of ocular motor compensation for the loss of one half of the visual field could be estimated, and visual hemineglect was demonstrated. The findings in some cases with chronic homonymous hemianopia suggested "extrastriate vision." PMID- 6684224 TI - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in human brain tumors. AB - 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, was assayed in human brain tumors. Enzyme activity was low or absent in most primary brain tumors, but activity was high in two metastatic tumors. Differences in enzyme activity were consistent with differences in incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into tumor sterols, but were not correlated with tumor sterol content. In nonneural tumors, HMG-CoA reductase activity was highest in adenocarcinomas of colon and stomach. Compounds that suppress HMG-CoA reductase activity arrest the growth of neoplastic cells in vitro. The data suggest that certain classes of human tumors might be susceptible to a chemotherapeutic approach based on inhibition of this enzyme. PMID- 6684226 TI - Myasthenia gravis: long-term correlation of binding and bungarotoxin blocking antibodies against acetylcholine receptors with changes in disease severity. AB - Sixty patients with myasthenia gravis were examined prospectively by measuring serial titers of antibodies against human acetylcholine receptor, and these were correlated with a quantitative clinical score. Serial titers of antibodies detected by the standard immunoprecipitation assay (binding antibodies) correlated with the clinical score in most patients. Antibodies blocking the binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to receptors (blocking antibodies) were detected in 29 patients. Serial blocking antibody titers correlated with changes in muscle weakness less often than binding antibody titers. Titers of both classes of antibodies often followed a divergent course, suggesting that the autoimmune B cell clones that formed these classes of antibodies may have been activated asynchronously. PMID- 6684227 TI - Glutamate dehydrogenase deficiency in patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy. AB - Deficiency of glutamate dehydrogenase appears to be associated with a chronic progressive degenerative disorder manifesting parkinsonian extrapyramidal features, ataxia, supranuclear oculomotor dysfunction, a peripheral neuropathy and, in some cases, amyotrophy. The clinical features resemble those of the Dejerine-Thomas type of olivopontocerebellar atrophy. The data suggest autosomal dominant inheritance with low penetrance. Measurement of leukocyte glutamate dehydrogenase should be routinely performed in the evaluation of newly diagnosed or atypical cases of parkinsonism. PMID- 6684229 TI - Personality disturbances in epilepsy. PMID- 6684228 TI - The nonimpact of opiate research on opiate abuse. PMID- 6684230 TI - Multifocal central nervous system damage caused by toluene abuse. AB - Four toluene abusers had evidence of severe multifocal central nervous system damage. Impairment of cognitive, cerebellar, brainstem, auditory, and pyramidal tract function, as well as CT evidence of cerebral cortical, cerebellar, and brainstem atrophy, have been noted. In addition, we found opsoclonus, ocular flutter, and ocular dysmetria. All three patients tested had abnormal brainstem auditory evoked potentials, indicative of brainstem dysfunction. The patient with opsoclonus had CT evidence of brainstem, cerebellar, and cerebral cortical atrophy. PMID- 6684231 TI - Neuropathologic evaluation of 40 confirmed cases of Legionella pneumonia. AB - Autopsy examination of the brain was performed in 40 cases of Legionella pneumonia. Thirty-nine of 40 patients had underlying chronic or acute medical problems. Sixteen patients (40%) had neurologic signs or symptoms that were not explained by preexisting disease. CSF was normal in six of seven patients examined; CSF protein content was 66 mg/100 ml in one patient. Neuropathologic examination in all 40 patients demonstrated no lesions attributable to disseminated Legionella pneumophila. Mechanisms other than direct cerebral invasion by the causative organism must be sought to explain the neurologic manifestations of Legionella pneumonia. PMID- 6684232 TI - Acute infectious torticollis. AB - Acute torticollis has occurred in epidemics in eastern and northern China since 1975, but has not yet been reported in other countries. A general account of this disease, including its terminology, epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory findings, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment, is presented. The etiology, though highly suggestive of a virus infection, remains to be determined. PMID- 6684234 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid trace element content in dementia: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic correlations. AB - Using inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy, we measured 19 trace elements in cerebrospinal fluid of 265 patients who were undergoing diagnostic lumbar puncture. Thirty-three patients had Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD); 16 patients had other dementing illnesses; and 20 had no neurologic disease. There were seven cases of autopsy-proven Alzheimer's disease (AD) and eight autopsy controls. We found elevated CSF silicon in 24% of ATD and 71% of AD patients. We found no relationship between CSF aluminum, arsenic, lead, or manganese and ATD, AD, or other dementing illnesses. PMID- 6684236 TI - Hypertrophic neuropathy and multiple sclerosis. AB - In a 62-year-old man with multiple sclerosis, postmortem examination disclosed clinically unsuspected findings of hypertrophic neuropathy. The brain and spinal cord contained many typical plaques of multiple sclerosis. Most spinal roots were thickened, and microscopic examination showed onion-bulb changes characteristic of hypertrophic neuropathy. This is the eleventh reported case of a sporadic hypertrophic neuropathy in a patient with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6684235 TI - Peduncular hallucinations caused by brainstem compression. AB - Peduncular hallucinations are associated with intrinsic lesions of the midbrain. We report transient peduncular hallucinations due to extrinsic compression of the midbrain by a cystic craniopharyngioma. The peduncular hallucinations resolved promptly after drainage of the cyst. PMID- 6684233 TI - Freeze-fracture study of muscle plasma membrane in obligate carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Diminution of intramembranous particles and increase in the number of caveolae have been reported in freeze-fractured muscle plasma membrane of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We searched for similar alterations in a population of muscle plasma membranes from obligate carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. There were no significant changes in muscle plasma membrane morphology in carriers and normal controls. PMID- 6684237 TI - Muscle plasma membrane abnormalities in infants with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Muscle biopsies from one preclinical case, one early case, four symptomatic cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and six controls were investigated for the presence of delta lesions by phase optics and conventional electronmicroscopy. By phase microscopy the frequency of delta lesions was 4.9% in the preclinical and early cases and 4.0% in the four symptomatic cases. The incidence of delta lesions in the controls was 0.4%. Electronmicroscopic studies of delta lesions revealed similar findings in the preclinical, early, and symptomatic cases. The common denominator of the delta lesions was disruption of the muscle plasma membrane. Plasma membrane lesions occur early in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6684238 TI - Effects of octanoate on rat brain and liver mitochondria. AB - Octanoate increased state 3 and state 4 respiration in rat liver mitochondria. The respiratory control rates decreased because state 4 was disproportionately affected. The ADP:O ratio was not affected. Octanoate produced a fall in the protonmotive force (delta p) of 30 mV during state 3 and state 4. The mitochondrial inner membrane proton conductance (Cm,H+) increased twofold during state 4. Similar effects were observed in polarographic assays of brain mitochondria, but measurements of delta p and Cm,H+ were not possible. Octanoate produces loose coupling in isolated mitochondria. This effect may play a role in the pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome. PMID- 6684240 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid pressure in normal obese subjects and patients with pseudotumor cerebri. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was measured in four groups of patients: 116 with acute pseudotumor cerebri, 18 with chronic pseudotumor cerebri, 41 obese and 15 nonobese normal patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Spinal fluid pressure between 200 and 250 mm H2O was found in members of each group. This suggests that when elevated CSF pressure is suspected, confirmation requires values greater than 250 mm H2O. The CSF pressure and degree of obesity could not be correlated in any meaningful way. There was no significant statistical difference between the mean CSF pressures obtained in the obese and nonobese normal populations. PMID- 6684239 TI - Spontaneous radiographic disappearance of cerebral cysticercosis: three cases. AB - We demonstrate spontaneous resolution of cysticercosis cysts in CTs of three patients. This benign course has not been emphasized previously and should be considered prior to surgical intervention or institution of other treatments. PMID- 6684241 TI - Relationship of motor symptoms to intellectual deficits in PD. PMID- 6684242 TI - Cortical disinhibitory signs. PMID- 6684243 TI - Active bleeding in hypertensive intracranial hemorrhage. PMID- 6684244 TI - Narcolepsy and hypersomnia. PMID- 6684245 TI - Complex partial seizures: clinical characteristics and differential diagnosis. AB - Videotape analysis of 163 complex partial seizures in 40 patients showed that the mean duration of the attack was 128 seconds. Automatisms occurred in 159 seizures (97%) and involved more than the face and arms in 132 (80%). Most automatisms were simple, stereotypic, or aimless movements. Postural tone increased in 24 seizures and decreased in 62. Clonic movements of the eyelids occurred in 19 attacks, and clonic movements of the extremities in 4. Only nine patients reported auras. Distinct ictal and postictal phases could be distinguished in 132 seizures (80%); in these, the mean ictal duration was 54 seconds and the mean postictal duration 89 seconds. Videotape analysis provides objective criteria by which complex partial seizures may be differentiated from other seizure types. PMID- 6684246 TI - Episodic hyperhidrosis, hypothermia, and agenesis of corpus callosum. AB - Episodic hyperhidrosis and hypothermia are the primary symptoms of a rare central nervous system disorder of thermoregulation which is often associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum and can present in childhood or adult years. During attacks, patients may exhibit confused, withdrawn, and lethargic behavior and ataxia or other neurologic symptoms. A 21-year-old man with temperature chronically between 30 and 32 degrees C transiently responded to phenobarbital and to cyproheptadine therapy. A 34-year-old woman with frequent, brief episodes of hypothermia and hyperhidrosis improved with chlorpromazine treatment. Episodic thermoregulatory disturbance has been attributed to "vagal attacks" or "diencephalic epilepsy," but the pathophysiology remains undefined. PMID- 6684247 TI - Neuro-ophthalmologic signs in the angiitic form of neurosarcoidosis. AB - We studied eight patients with CNS sarcoidosis, including two patients with postmortem evidence of sarcoid granulomatous angiitis. Neuro-ophthalmologic findings included perivenular sheathing of retinal veins resembling the dripping of candle wax, vitreous cells, anterior uveitis, optic disk edema or granulomas, and conjunctival granulomas. Perivenous sheathing in the retina and the perivascular meningeal lesions in sarcoid angiitis were identical. PMID- 6684248 TI - The human Kluver-Bucy syndrome. AB - Twelve patients with the Kluver-Bucy syndrome (KBS) are described. The syndrome occurred in head trauma, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, and following herpes encephalitis. KBS was transient after head trauma but was a persistent feature of the postencephalitic syndrome. In all cases KBS was combined with aphasia, amnesia, or dementia. Human KBS resembles the monkey syndrome, but in humans there is a more elaborate complex of behavioral disturbances. The behavioral manifestations are produced by bilateral temporal lobe dysfunction. Partial expression of the syndrome may have localizing validity. PMID- 6684249 TI - Childhood Kohlmeier-Degos disease with atypical skin lesions. AB - We report clinical and pathologic findings in a 16-year-old boy whose disease began in infancy with maculopapular skin lesions, followed by cyclic nodular cutaneous eruptions, intermittent enlargement of liver and spleen, episodic abdominal pain, and sporadic unexplained fever. Subsequently, various ophthalmologic disturbances, along with a multitude of neurologic signs and symptoms, dominated the clinical picture. The CNS bore the brunt of pathologic changes, characterized by widespread leptomeningeal fibrosis, ventricular enlargement, and multiple brain infarcts. Striking intimal thickening led to narrowing or occlusion of almost all the medium-sized and small extraparenchymal arteries. PMID- 6684250 TI - Human muscle proteins: analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis. AB - Proteins from single frozen sections of human muscle were separated by two dimensional gel electrophoresis and detected by fluorography or Coomassie Blue staining. The major proteins were identical in different normal muscles obtained from either sex at different ages, and in Duchenne and myotonic dystrophy samples. Congenital myopathy, denervation atrophy, polymyositis, and Becker's muscular dystrophy samples, however, showed abnormal myosin light chain compositions, some with a decrease of fast-fiber myosin light chains and others with a decrease of slow-fiber light chains. These protein alterations did not correlate with any specific disease, and may be caused by generalized muscle fiber damage. PMID- 6684251 TI - Edrophonium test in Eaton-Lambert syndrome: quantitative oculography. AB - Accurate ocular motility recordings were made of the saccadic responses of five patients with Eaton-Lambert syndrome (ELS). It was found that, contrary to common belief, the ocular motor system is affected. The saccades of ELS patients mimicked those of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Both groups exhibited hypometria and multiple, closely spaced saccades. Two patients demonstrated both saccadic facilitation and positive edrophonium tests. The ELS patients had slow or normal saccadic velocities, not the "super-fast" velocities found in patients with ocular MG. PMID- 6684252 TI - Field distribution of antidromically activated digital nerve potentials: model for far-field recording. AB - In 20 median nerves, the shift in mean latency of the referentially recorded antidromic sensory potential was 0.22 to 0.38 msec per 1.5 cm across the palm and only 0.03 to 0.05 msec per 1.5 cm along the third digit. In five radial nerves, referential recording from the tip of the second digit detected a stationary positive potential that was coincident with the entry of the sensory impulse into the nerve terminal near the base of the digit. These findings are consistent with the view that, in far-field recording of a traveling impulse, a time peak could result from an abrupt change in current flow that is based on the geometry of the volume conductor without fixed neural discharges. PMID- 6684253 TI - A longitudinal study of speech fluency in aphasia: CT correlates of recovery and persistent nonfluency. AB - The anatomic correlates of speech fluency were studied in 54 right-handed patients with aphasia due to stroke. Speech fluency was assessed at 1 month postonset and then monthly for 5 months. CTs obtained at 5 months postonset were used for lesion localization and volume determination. Persistent nonfluency was associated with lesions in the rolandic cortical region and underlying white matter. Recovery from nonfluency occurred in 6 of 27 patients. Lesions in these six patients were less extensive than lesions in patients with persistent nonfluency. Patients who were fluent by 1 month lacked extensive rolandic lesions. PMID- 6684254 TI - Science citation index gives Neurology high rank. PMID- 6684255 TI - Isodense cerebellar hematoma. AB - One week after chiropractic manipulations, a 60-year-old normotensive man suffered acute onset of vertigo, ataxia, and dysarthria. CT disclosed an isodense mass of the posterior fossa. Vertebral arteriography showed that the avascular mass arose from the right cerebellar hemisphere. Hydrocephalus developed, and suboccipital craniotomy revealed a large cerebellar hematoma due to a small arteriovenous malformation. A similar episode occurred 2 months later. CT isodense cerebellar hematomas should be considered before giving anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 6684256 TI - Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD): clinical and CT features of a childhood variant. AB - A variant of childhood adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) affected two male cousins. The characteristic features include a progressive frontal lobe syndrome, frontal pole CT hypodensity, abnormal levels of plasma very-long-chain fatty acids, and a family history consistent with X-linked inheritance. PMID- 6684257 TI - In vitro erythrocyte water transport in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an NMR investigation. AB - Previous nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of erythrocyte water transport in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have been extended to include mothers, as well as a larger patient group. The results, reported as values of the mean residence time, tau a, of intracellular water, reveals an experimentally significant decrease in permeability to water in most of the patients and one half of the mothers examined. It was found that all mothers of patients with normal tau a values also show normal results. This finding suggests that Duchenne muscular dystrophy may exhibit genetic heterogeneity. PMID- 6684258 TI - Myasthenia gravis associated with Satoyoshi syndrome: muscle cramps, alopecia, and diarrhea. AB - We studied a woman who had evidence of myasthenia gravis at age 17. At age 19, she gradually developed alopecia and painful muscle spasms (Satoyoshi disease). Deposition of immune complexes (IgG, C3, and C9) was demonstrated at the motor endplates of limb muscle (biceps brachii); primary synaptic clefts were widened, and postsynaptic folds were simplified. This is the first case of myasthenia and Satoyoshi disease in the same patient. PMID- 6684259 TI - Acetazolamide-responsive episodic ataxia syndrome. AB - We studied a kindred with an acetazolamide-responsive, episodic ataxia syndrome. Affected members experienced paroxysmal attacks of ataxia that were precipitated by exertion or stress. All but one young patient had additional neurologic symptoms that included paresthesia, weakness, headache, tinnitus, vertigo, and myotonia. All symptoms were prevented by acetazolamide. Between attacks, serum pyruvate and lactate levels and urinary amino acids were normal, but electroencephalograms showed paroxysmal, high-amplitude, slow and sharp activity. Serum K+ was normal during attacks. The metabolic abnormality seems to affect the cerebellum and brainstem and may involve peripheral nerve and muscle. PMID- 6684260 TI - Sequential changes in the P3 component of the auditory evoked potential in confusional states and dementing illnesses. AB - The P3 component of the auditory evoked potential has been shown to reflect "endogenous" processes related to cognition. This component was measured serially in seven patients who had confusional states or dementing illnesses that fluctuated in severity over time. The latency of P3 component reflected the clinical impression of changes in mental function for each of the patients. These results suggest that the P3 component of the auditory evoked potential provides an objective serial measure of cognitive state that may be useful in following patients with dementing illnesses and in evaluating the effectiveness of any specific therapy. PMID- 6684261 TI - Visual evoked potentials and long latency event-related potentials in chronic renal failure. AB - We studied auditory event-related potentials elicited in a target detection paradigm (P300) and pattern shift visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) in 22 patients with chronic renal failure and no clinical evidence of cognitive or visual impairment. Thirteen patients were maintained on chronic hemodialysis, and 9 patients were receiving a low-protein diet. Thirty-three percent of patients receiving the low-protein diet and 58% of the dialysis patients had abnormal P300 latencies. Most patients tested had abnormal PVEP. Four hemodialysis patients had elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and 9 had normal or slightly elevated values. P300 and PVEP latencies were abnormal in both groups. These observations indicate that elevated PTH levels are not solely responsible for the abnormalities in all patients. P300 and PVEP may be valuable in evaluating neuronal dysfunction in the patient with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6684262 TI - Ethosuximide intoxication caused by interaction with isoniazid. AB - A patient is described showing psychotic behavior in relation to a rise and fall in ethosuximide serum concentration, reflecting interaction of this drug with isoniazid. PMID- 6684263 TI - Blink-saccade synkinesis. AB - We studied two patients who could make saccades of normal velocity and amplitude only in association with a simultaneous blink. In one patient, the initiation of saccades was also facilitated by blinks. Both patients had signs of cerebellar or brainstem dysfunction, suggesting a posterior fossa localization for blink facilitation of saccadic velocity and amplitude. PMID- 6684265 TI - The lateralizing and localizing value of adversion in epileptic seizures. AB - We studied 24 patients who had adversion as the first clinical manifestation of seizures. Seizures were recorded with depth electrodes as part of the evaluation for possible surgery for epilepsy. Head rotation did not help to lateralize the epileptic focus clinically, because deviations occurred ipsilaterally to the EEG focus in some patients, and because some patients had head rotation in either direction despite a unifocal epileptogenic abnormality. Furthermore, no cortical localization was consistently linked to either direction or degree of adversion. Adversion has no consistent lateralizing or localizing value. PMID- 6684264 TI - Blepharospasm associated with brainstem lesions. AB - We studied six patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of rostral brainstem lesion and bilateral blepharospasm. Two patients also had other facial dystonic movements. Four patients suffered rostral brainstem strokes, and two had multiple sclerosis. None had been treated with antipsychotic drugs prior to the onset of blepharospasm. Medical treatment was helpful in two patients, and bilateral selective facial nerve section was used in another patient. Possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6684266 TI - An unusual cause of hypokalemic muscle weakness. AB - A 36-year-old woman presented with proximal muscle weakness, cramps, and a serum potassium level of 2.7 mEq/l. During her hospitalization she was noted to use excessive quantities of a snuff preparation containing glycyrrhizinic acid, a potent mineralocorticoid analogue. With discontinuation of this substance, her potassium returned to normal values and her strength improved. This case is submitted as a hypokalemia myopathy induced by snuff dipping. PMID- 6684267 TI - Geographic distribution of anencephaly in the United States. AB - The distribution of anencephaly mortality rates was calculated by county for the continental United States. The average annual anencephaly mortality rate for all races and both sexes, based on 1968-1978 data for the population under 5 years of age, was 5.1 per 100,000 per year. The average annual anencephaly death risk for 1970-1975 was 25.4 per 100,000 live births per year. The distribution of anencephaly mortality was confirmed by comparing maps of mortality data and annual death risk for the period 1970-1975. PMID- 6684268 TI - Syncope and ambulatory EEG/ECG. PMID- 6684269 TI - Fast to slow change of myosin in nemaline rod myopathy. PMID- 6684270 TI - Contrast enhancing lesions in MS. PMID- 6684272 TI - Reversible ischemic neurologic deficit. PMID- 6684271 TI - Predicting phenytoin serum concentrations. PMID- 6684274 TI - [Special problems in infant nutrition. Report on an international symposium, 27 28 January 1983, Obergurgl]. PMID- 6684273 TI - [A review of 30 years' experience in surgical cardiopathies and pregnancy]. PMID- 6684275 TI - [Experimental electron microscopy studies on rat spermatozoa in chronic alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 6684276 TI - [Septicemia complicated by acute stomach ulcer in a 4-month-old infant]. PMID- 6684277 TI - Alae nasi activation (nasal flaring) decreases nasal resistance in preterm infants. AB - The effect of alae nasi activation on nasal resistance in a group of healthy preterm infants was measured. Alae nasi activity was determined via the alae nasi electromyogram obtained from skin surface electrodes during both active and quiet sleep. Nasal resistance was calculated from airflow measured with a mask pneumotachograph and transnasal pressure drop obtained by simultaneous measurement of nasal pressure via a catheter inserted in one nostril and mask pressure. The percentage of breaths accompanied by phasic alae nasi activity was higher during active sleep than during quiet sleep (43% +/- 10% v 14% +/- 6%; P less than .005), and hypercapnic stimulation (4% CO2 inhalation) significantly increased the incidence of phasic alae nasi activity to comparable levels in both sleep states (82% +/- 8% in active sleep and 82% +/- 9% in quiet sleep). Elevation of tonic alae nasi activity also occurred more frequently during active sleep (P less than .05). The presence of either phasic or elevated tonic alae nasi activity decreased nasal resistance by 23% +/- 4% during active sleep and 21% +/- 3% during quiet sleep. This reduction in nasal resistance resulted in either a lower transnasal pressure during inspiration, a higher peak inspiratory airflow, or a combination of the two. Alae nasi activity may be an important mechanism that facilitates ventilation by reducing nasal resistance, and it may help stabilize the upper airway by preventing the development of large negative pharyngeal pressure during inspiration. PMID- 6684278 TI - Congenital hydrocephalus due to prenatal intracranial hemorrhage. AB - A 3,400-g female neonate with a large head, widened sutures, and full fontanels at the time of her delivery by cesarean section is described. Imaging with ultrasound and computed tomography at 24 and 36 hours of age showed findings typical of hydrocephalus caused by intraventricular hemorrhage occurring several days or more prior to birth. There was no direct evidence of any predisposing vascular lesion or coagulopathy. Such a phenomenon has not been previously reported. PMID- 6684279 TI - [Tuberculosis of the urinary tract (diagnosis and treatment)]. PMID- 6684280 TI - The effect of strenuous exercise on the reactivity of the central dopaminergic system in the rat. AB - In rats subjected to physical strain the action of dopamine receptor agonists, amphetamine and apomorphine, was enhanced, but the effects of an antagonist, haloperidol, remained unchanged. The levels of biogenic amines in several brain regions were changed after the exercise. The results indicate that physical strain changes the functions of the central dopaminergic system in the rat. PMID- 6684281 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological investigations of derivatives 6-azabenzodiazepines. AB - Acylated derivatives 4-6 of 2-aminomethylene-4-phenyl-1H-tetrahydro-6-azabenzo 1,5-diazepine 3, and carbonyl derivatives 7-10 of 6-azabenzo-1,5-diazepines were obtained. They did not display any particular pharmacological activity in screening tests: 2 exerted a weak hypotensive action and 8 possessed negligible anticonvulsant properties. PMID- 6684282 TI - Prostate cancer and the multiple primary malignant neoplasm syndrome. AB - In an attempt to evaluate the relationship of prostate cancer to the multiple primary malignant neoplasm syndrome, 626 prostate cancer cases were reviewed. Patients with one malignant tumor appear to be no more at risk of developing a prostate cancer than individuals who have never had a tumor. PMID- 6684283 TI - Vitamin A supplementation. Subclinical overdose "unmasked" by hepatitis. PMID- 6684284 TI - Premenstrual tension and criminal responsibility. PMID- 6684285 TI - [Technic of endobronchial laser treatment]. PMID- 6684286 TI - [The role of corticosteroids in regulation of cell migration in emotional-pain stress]. AB - It was found that an increase in the adrenocortical and blood plasma 11-HOCS concentration is seen immediately after emotional-pain stress (EPS) and 72 to 96 hours following stress affection. An intensified thymic and splenic repopulation by cells, migrating from the bone marrow, occurs during the interval between 48 and 192 hours following EPS. It was suggested that elevation of the corticosteroid level in the organism in late periods after stress is directed to the cell population recovery. PMID- 6684287 TI - Effect of zinc deficiency on plasma glutathione in the rat. AB - The objective of this study was to determine the effect of zinc status on plasma glutathione concentration. Immature male rats were fed a low-zinc (less than 1 ppm) diet based on soybean protein. Pair-fed and ad libitum-fed controls consumed a similar diet supplemented with zinc (100 ppm). The plasma concentration of total glutathione (GSH plus GSSG), as determined by the glutathione reductase recycling method of Tietze, decreased in all groups when plasma was allowed to stand in air at room temperature. At 5 min approximately 90% of the total glutathione was present as GSH and the measurable concentration of GSH decreased logarithmically during 60 min. Less than one-half of the loss was accounted for by conversion to GSSG; the nature of the remaining loss is unknown. The plasma of rats fed the zinc-deficient diet for 2 weeks contained less total glutathione than that of ad libitum-fed controls. There was no difference between zinc deficient rats and pair-fed controls. PMID- 6684288 TI - Examination of rat placental lactogen and prolactin at 6-hr intervals during midpregnancy. AB - The Nb2 node lymphoma cell bioassay was verified in our laboratory as a sensitive, reproducible, and accurate bioassay for measurement of serum rat placental lactogen (rPL). Blood samples taken every 6 hr during pregnancy showed a significant peak of rPL secretion in the late afternoon on Day 11. The inverse relationship between rPL and nocturnal prolactin (PRL) surges is shown. PMID- 6684289 TI - Teratogenesis and low copper status resulting from triethylenetetramine in rats. AB - The teratogenicity of triethylenetetramine (TETA) was studied using the Sprague Dawley rat. TETA was fed during pregnancy at levels of 0 (control), 0.17, 0.83, or 1.66% in a complete purified diet. The frequency of resorptions and the frequency of abnormal fetuses at term increased with increasing levels of the drug. Maternal and fetal tissue copper levels were significantly lower in the TETA groups than in controls, with levels decreasing in a dose-related manner. Maternal kidney and fetal liver zinc levels increased within the TETA groups in a dose-related manner. Maternal liver iron was increased in the high-dose group compared to controls. Fetal iron concentration and maternal and fetal manganese level were not significantly affected by the drug. These results show that TETA can be a teratogenic agent. Furthermore, the results suggest that the teratogenicity of the drug may be due in part to induction of copper deficiency, and perhaps through induction of zinc toxicity. PMID- 6684290 TI - Possible involvement of neural substances in the abstinence like response of the guinea-pig ileum stimulated electrically at high frequency. PMID- 6684291 TI - Peak ethanol withdrawal convulsions in genetically selected mice. PMID- 6684292 TI - Stress induced changes in ethanol consumption in adult rats exposed to ethanol in utero. PMID- 6684293 TI - Use of the novel irreversible opiate antagonist, beta-chlornaltrexamine, in the estimation of the normorphine affinity constant in naive and morphine tolerant guinea-pig ilea. PMID- 6684294 TI - Evidences for involvement of prostaglandins of the E series in morphine physical dependence in the isolated ileum of the guinea-pig. PMID- 6684295 TI - The sensitivity of opioid mediated stress analgesia to narcotic antagonists. PMID- 6684296 TI - Endogenous opioids may mediate the effects of stress on tumor growth and immune function. PMID- 6684297 TI - A new colorimetric assay for plasminogen activator activity. PMID- 6684298 TI - The double-membrane model for sodium-absorbing epithelia: current status and questions for the future. PMID- 6684299 TI - [Components of Amanita muscaria]. PMID- 6684300 TI - Clonidine potentiates drug induced self-injurious behavior in rats. AB - Caffeine and amphetamine have been regarded as dramatically dissimilar drugs, both structurally and behaviorally. However, both are stimulants and (under certain conditions) both produce self-injurious behavior in rats which is potentiated by clonidine. Rats were pretreated with various doses of clonidine prior to daily administration of caffeine. In another experiment, rats which had been implanted with continuous release amphetamine pellets were injected twice daily with various doses of clonidine. Clonidine produced a high rate of self biting when combined with subthreshold doses of caffeine. Clonidine was less effective in potentiating amphetamine induced self-biting; the highest dose tested raised the incidence from 28 to 64%. Clonidine tended to decrease the incidence of behaviors other than self-biting. Thus although caffeine and amphetamine clearly do not have identical behavioral effects, there is increasing evidence that certain of their effects are mediated by similar mechanisms. PMID- 6684301 TI - Effects of interactions between amphetamine and food deprivation on covariation of muricide, consummatory behaviour and activity. AB - Four experiments were conducted to study covariation of muricide, consummatory behaviour and general activity under conditions involving interactions between food deprivation and anorexia induced by low doses of d-amphetamine. Two basic experimental designs were used: (a) dosage of amphetamine was varied, with duration of deprivation constant at 22 hr; and (b) deprivation was varied, with a constant amphetamine dose of 1.0 mg/kg body weight. In general, effects of both types of manipulation on eating, drinking, general activity, and muricidal behaviour were consistent with earlier reports of effects when either deprivation or amphetamine-induced anorexia was varied separately. Rank order correlations supported the conclusions that relations between muricide, eating behaviour and general activity were both dose and time dependent. However, there also was evidence that such covariations existed for some, but not all, parameters of these behaviours, eg. differences in the median effective doses of amphetamine; differences in threshold doses; and differences in durations of deprivation required to counteract effects of amphetamine. A dissociation of muricide and eating behaviour was strikingly evident when all satiated animals injected with normal saline engaged in muricidal behaviour and when increasing deprivation had no significant influence on carcass consumption or muricidal behaviour of saline treated subjects. The present results are interpreted as essentially inconsistent with concepts in which covariation of muricide and consummatory behaviour is considered to depend: (a) upon a common set of physiological conditions, or (b) upon one being the antecedent of the other. However, results are consistent with a model in which each behaviour has its own basic physiological condition(s) which may be activated concomitantly. PMID- 6684302 TI - Possible dopaminergic involvement in biting compulsion induced by large doses of clonidine. AB - The effects of amphetamine, scopolamine, phenoxybenzamine, haloperidol and clozapine on biting compulsion induced by large doses of clonidine were studied in mice. Clonidine-induced biting compulsion was potentiated by amphetamine and scopolamine, and inhibited by phenoxybenzamine, haloperidol and clozapine. It appears that biting compulsion elicited by clonidine is mediated by the stimulation of both noradrenaline and dopamine in the brain. Since clorapine, an atypical neuroleptic agent, inhibits this response, the possibility is discussed to use clonidine-induced biting compulsion to detect neuroleptic agents devoid of extrapyramidal side effects. PMID- 6684303 TI - Involvement of the pituitary-adrenal axis in socio-behavioral disturbances after short-term isolation. AB - Short-term social isolation increased socio-explorative behavior of pairs of adult male Wistar rats. Hypophysectomy or adrenomedullectomy did not prevent this increase in social behavior. No differences between 7-day isolated (I) and non isolated (socially housed, S) animals were observed in basal plasma corticosterone levels and these levels increased to the same level in I- and S rats during individual exposure to the observation cage. The increase in corticosterone levels found immediately after the social interaction test was higher in I- than in S-rats. When I- and S-rats were tested together, a negative correlation was present between plasma-corticosterone levels and frequencies of social interactions. Blood pressure and heart rate were not affected by the isolation procedure. ACTH1-24 (5 micrograms/100 g) did not affect the frequencies of social interactions, neither in I- nor in S-rats. Although a role for corticosterone in "basal" social behavior could not be excluded, it seems that pituitary-adrenal hormones are not important for the development and expression of socio-behavioral disturbances due to short-term isolation. PMID- 6684304 TI - Transient aversion and long-lasting amnesia following cycloheximide injection in the rat. AB - Rats were first trained to press a bar for water reinforcement. The day after reaching criterion, the animals received a subcutaneous injection of cycloheximide (CXM-2.5 mg/kg) or saline, 15 minutes before a single punishment (P) session where bar pressing was followed by a strong inescapable footshock (CXM-P and saline-P groups). No punishment was given to control groups (CXM-NP and saline-NP groups). Retention for this learning experience was tested 24 hr, one week or two weeks later. Performances of the control groups were similar at the three retention intervals although some CXM-induced aversion appeared at 24 hr. The saline-P groups always demonstrated good retention of prior aversive experience. By contrast, a long-lasting CXM-induced amnesia was apparent among the CXM-P groups. This deficit is not easily explained by nonspecific effects of the drug such as altered motor activity or motivational changes. Moreover, CXM induced amnesia seems to be the result of impaired memory formation rather than impaired memory retrieval. PMID- 6684305 TI - Anosmia and aggression in male owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus). AB - Adult owl monkeys behaved aggressively when paired with unfamiliar members of the same sex. Males showed the greatest aggressive responses. When plugs containing bismuth iodoform paste were inserted into the nasal passages of male owl monkeys they fought less readily and showed less contact aggression. Although intermale aggression was not abolished anosmic males spent longer in proximity and showed an increase in olfactory inspections. Control experiments confirmed that the technique used to induce anosmia had blocked responsiveness to conspecific odours and that decreases in aggression were not due to discomfort or non-specific behavioral effects. PMID- 6684306 TI - [Neuroendocrine studies on the pathogenesis of depression--changes of brain monoamines in the animal model]. PMID- 6684307 TI - The mechanism of ruminal stasis in lantana-poisoned sheep. AB - The effect of poisoning by the plant Lantana camara L. on reticulo-ruminal motility was investigated in sheep. There was a marked decrease in forestomach motility 4-6 h after dosing with the plant and motility continued to be depressed throughout the course of the disease. The effect of lantana on motility was characterized by a decrease in the number and median amplitude of forestomach movements. This was in contrast to the effect of starvation which caused a decrease in only the number of forestomach movements and even this effect was less severe than in lantana-poisoned animals. The effects of lantana on the components of the reflex which controls rumen motility were examined. No evidence was found for a direct effect of lantana toxins on the stretch and tactile receptors in the reticulum; on the vagus nerves; on the gastric centre or on the muscle of the forestomach. However, evidence was found to support an hypothesis that stasis of the rumen in lantana poisoning is due to inhibitory influences arising from the damaged liver. The evidence included a correlation between the onset of ruminal stasis and liver injury; a relationship between the severity of liver injury and ruminal stasis and the finding that denervation of the liver converted the pattern of forestomach movements in intoxicated animals to that seen in starved animals. It is concluded that stasis of the rumen in lantana poisoned animals is due at least initially, to inhibitory neural impulses arising from the damaged liver and to the effects of anorexia. PMID- 6684308 TI - Effect of decreased feed intake on the response of milk secretion to frequent milking in goats. AB - During declining lactation in goats, dietary intake was decreased and the animals switched from positive to negative energy balance. Milk yield and empty udder volume decreased. Goats on the reduced diet were milked hourly with the aid of oxytocin for 8 h. No stimulatory effect of hourly milking was observed. The results are discussed in relation to the factors which limit the rate of milk secretion in the declining phase of lactation. PMID- 6684310 TI - The role of thiols in cellular response to radiation and drugs. AB - Cellular nonprotein thiols (NPSH) consist of glutathione (GSH) and other low molecular weight species such as cysteine, cysteamine, and coenzyme A. GSH is usually less than the total cellular NPSH, and with thiol reactive agents, such as diethyl maleate (DEM), its rate of depletion is in part dependent upon the cellular capacity for its resynthesis. If resynthesis is blocked by buthionine S,R-sulfoximine(BSO), the NPSH, including GSH, is depleted more rapidly, Cellular thiol depletion by diamide, N-ethylmaleimide, and BSO may render oxygenated cells more sensitive to radiation. These cells may or may not show a reduction in the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER). Human A549 lung carcinoma cells depleted of their NPSH either by prolonged culture or by BSO treatment do not show a reduced OER but do show increased aerobic responses to radiation. Some nitroheterocyclic radiosensitizing drugs also deplete cellular thiols under aerobic conditions. Such reactivity may be the reason that they show anomalous radiation sensitization (i.e., better than predicted on the basis of electron affinity). Other nitrocompounds, such as misonidazole, are activated under hypoxic conditions to radical intermediates. When cellular thiols are depleted peroxide is formed. Under hypoxic conditions thiols are depleted because metabolically reduced intermediates react with GSH instead of oxygen. Thiol depletion, under hypoxic conditions, may be the reason that misonidazole and other nitrocompounds show an extra enhancement ratio with hypoxic cells. Thiol depletion by DEM or BSO alters the radiation response of hypoxic cells to misonidazole. In conclusion, we propose an altered thiol model which includes a mechanism for thiol involvement in the aerobic radiation response of cells. This mechanism involves both thiol linked hydrogen donation to oxygen radical adducts to produce hydroperoxides followed by a GSH peroxidase-catalyzed reduction of the hydroperoxides to intermediates entering into metabolic pathways to produce the original molecule. PMID- 6684309 TI - Inhibition of repair of premutational lesions in plateau phase Chinese hamster cells exposed to gamma radiation. AB - Induction and repair of forward mutations to 8-azaguanine resistance were studied in gamma irradiated, plateau phase Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mutation induction increased with dose with a relatively low induction for doses below 4 Gy and a steep increase thereafter. A close correlation between the ability of radiation to induce both lethality and mutations in plateau phase cells was evident. Recovery from potentially lethal damage resulted in a significant decrease in mutation frequency suggesting the possible involvement of an error free repair pathway. Mutation response at the end of recovery period was approximately linear with a slope of 2 X 10(-5) mutants per viable cells per Gy. This difference as compared to the immediate plating response supports the involvement of two types of damage in the induction of mutations: the nonrepairable, single hit component and a repairable component resulting from the interaction of lesions. Post-irradiation nonlethal hyperthermic treatment (42.5 degrees C; 30 min) sensitized the cells to killing as seen by the thermal enhancement ratio of 1.37. Interaction of hyperthermia, however, did not alter the mutation frequency obtained on immediate plating. Both post-irradiation hyperthermia and incubation at 4 degrees C inhibited most of the recovery from potentially lethal damage and also the repair of premutational lesions. These treatments resulted in a mutation frequency decrease of only 10-15% as compared to 50% seen in cells which actively repaired potentially lethal damage. The temperature dependence for the repair of premutational lesions suggests that the process is mediated by metabolically active steps. PMID- 6684311 TI - Effects of modifiers of the yield of hydroxyl radicals on the radiosensitivity of mammalian cells at ultrahigh dose rates. AB - Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of increasing or decreasing the yield of hydroxyl radicals (.OH) reacting with target molecules on the survival of CHO cells irradiated in a thin layer with single 3-nsec pulses of electrons. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a known radioprotector, was used as an .OH scavenger. The gas nitrous oxide (N2O), which scavenges hydrated electrons and in the process generates an additional yield of .OH, was used in an attempt to produce sensitization by increasing the amount of .OH-induced cellular damage. It was found that DMSO at high concentration was an effective radioprotective agent in cells equilibrated with nitrogen, air, and N2O and irradiated at ultrahigh dose rates. Sensitization by N2O was observed, but only under certain conditions, specifically, when a high concentration of the .OH scavenger DMSO was also present. The enhancement ratio (ER) for oxygen sensitization was reduced in the presence of DMSO, as was the ER for sensitization by misonidazole. Interpretation of these results according to radiation chemistry considerations will be discussed. PMID- 6684312 TI - Nonobstructive hydrocolpos: sonographic appearance and differential diagnosis. AB - Hydrocolpos in the pediatric patient almost invariably occurs secondary to fluid distending the vaginal canal proximal to an obstructive lesion, usually an imperforate hymen. There are, however, other causes for fluid filling and sometimes markedly distending the vagina; many of these are not pathologic. Sonographically, fluid in the vaginal canal often has a confusing appearance and may be mistaken for a pathologic mass. Ways of differentiating hydrocolpos from other normal and abnormal pelvic fluid collections are described. Five adult patients are presented who showed a varied sonographic spectrum of nonobstructive hydrocolpos. PMID- 6684313 TI - The influence of nisoldipine--a "calcium entry blocker" on drug induced stereotyped behavior in rats. AB - In view of potential ability of calcium entry blockers to affect Ca2+ fluxes in neurons, the effects of nisoldipine on phencyclidine (PCP) and apomorphine (APO) induced stereotyped behavior have been examined in 3 and 4 week old rats. The rats (3 and 4 weeks old) were pretreated with either 0.2 ml of saline + ethanol mixture (10:1 v/v) or nisoldipine (25 mg/kg) i.p., 5 min before the i.p. administration of PCP (5 mg/kg) or APO (10 mg/kg). While nisoldipine pretreatment significantly blocked the PCP induced stereotypy in 3 and 4 week old rats, the APO induced stereotypy was not altered. These preliminary data suggest that nisoldipine specifically blocks PCP induced stereotypy probably by antagonizing it effects at the presynaptic level. The significance of this finding in relation to mechanism of action of PCP and calcium entry blockers is discussed. PMID- 6684314 TI - Comparative biochemical and behavioural effects of fencamfamine and dl amphetamine in rats. AB - Fencamfamine increased locomotion, rearing and sniffing behaviours at 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal doses in rats. Amphetamine increased rearing, sniffing and locomotion behaviours at respectively higher, same and lesser magnitudes than did fencamfamine at equimolar (5 mg/kg) intraperitoneal doses in rats. Forty-five minutes after fencamfamine (10 mg/kg), the levels of homovanillic acid in the tuberculum olfactorium, nucleus accumbens and striatum, and those of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in accumbens were increased. Dihydroxyphenylacetic levels in tuberculum olfactorium and striatum were not changed. Forty-five minutes after amphetamine (5 mg/kg) the levels of homovanillic acid in tuberculum olfactorium, accumbens and striatum, and those of dihydroxyphenylacetic in accumbens were not changed; dihydroxyphenilacetic levels in tuberculum olfactorium and striatum were decreased. Fencamfamine-induced behavioural changes can be better correlated with neurochemical changes than those elicited by amphetamine. PMID- 6684315 TI - Antidipsogenic action of naloxone under different water deprivation conditions. AB - Naloxone (1 mg/Kg s.c.), in the light phase of the daily light-dark cycles during the 30 and 60 min of the test, shows an antidipsogenic effect of the same intensity in chronically water-deprived rats which drink more (+ 176% and + 162%) than the acutely water-deprived animals. In chronically water-deprived rats, the time interval from the drug introduction (5, 30, 60 and 90 min) is not critical for the intensity of the antidipsogenic action of naloxone. When water intake is controlled by a 20% variable ratio schedule that does not allow the animals to satisfy, during the session, more than 50% of their thirst, the time interval from the introduction of naloxone is critical. When the rats can drink freely for 30 min in their home-cage after they satisfied their thirst partially by means of bar-pressing, naloxone, paradoxically shows a weaker and not significant antidipsogenic action. The results and the usefulness of the behavioural test are briefly discussed. PMID- 6684316 TI - The effect of single and repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on locomotor activity in rats. AB - Locomotor activity following administration of apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg), and amphetamine (1 mg/kg) was studied in rats receiving single and multiple electroconvulsive shock (ECS). Three groups of rats were utilized, one half of each group received sham treatment and the other half received either 1,5, or 10 daily ECS. Significant enhancement of the locomotor response to amphetamine, but not apomorphine, was seen in rats given repeated ECS as compared to controls. This study suggests that the number of ECS, is an important variable in ECS enhancement of locomotor response to amphetamine. PMID- 6684317 TI - Adrenergic-cholinergic balance and the treatment of affective disorders. AB - Centrally acting cholinomimetic drugs cause anergia, behavioral inhibition and depression. Centrally acting cholinomimetic drugs have antimanic properties. Combinations of acetylcholine precursors and centrally active cholinomimetic agents may cause augmented muscarinic effects, as may a combination of an antiadrenergic and cholinomimetic drugs. Centrally active anticholinergic agents may exert antidepressant effects. Affective disorder patients may show hyperreactivity to cholinomimetic agents, a phenomena which may have diagnostic significance. PMID- 6684318 TI - Evidence for REM sleep deprivation as the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. AB - In the treatment of endogenous depression REM sleep deprivation and imipramine have similar efficacy. Across drugs, efficacy of antidepressant activity is directly related to capacity of drugs to produce large and sustained reductions of REM sleep. Endogenous depression unimproved by REM sleep deprivation is unimproved by imipramine. Endogenous depression improvement by REM sleep deprivation and by amitriptyline have the same biological correlate, viz, REM rebound. In animals REM sleep deprivation produces several behavioral changes (e.g., increased motor, sexual, aggressive, pleasure seeking, feeding activities) which are the reverse of behavioral changes of human endogenous depression. PMID- 6684319 TI - [Perinatal mortality in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The trend from 1969 to 1979]. AB - A systematic survey on perinatal mortality has been carried out in Grand Duchy of Luxembourg for eleven years: a 40 to 100 reduction of the rate is noticed, decreasing from 20.6 p. 1 000 in 1969 to 11.9 p. 1 000 in 1978 with a more distinct reduction of the early neonatal component. Important differences are observed in various geographical places both in the rates and in the evolution during the studied period. Differences associated with socioeconomic factors, maternal age and civil status at birth seem to fade out. During the whole period, perinatal mortality rates are lower in foreigners and more particularly in recent immigrants than in Luxembourg people. The chronological aspect of the evolution suggests that these facts are correlated with the adoption of preventive measures in perinatality. This program seems to be efficient not only by globally reducing perinatal mortality but also by decreasing social inequalities in perinatality. PMID- 6684320 TI - [Study of fast rhythms and their variations using automatic analysis]. AB - In two dispatching centers, 50 recordings were obtained from 14 workers. The recorded parameters were 2 EEG, 1 ECG, 1 EOG and 1 EMG; the whole day was covered by the various shifts. The results presented here are about the occipito-vertex EEG. After recording, a Fast Fourier Transform was done and the variations of the parameters beta1, beta2 and delta were analysed. Some periodicities are found during the night and the day. The variation of the high frequencies parameters is associated with the working constraints and the internal time-structure of the subject. PMID- 6684321 TI - The effect of relaxin on in vivo uterine electromyographic activity in the conscious ovariectomized ewe is oestrogen-dependent. AB - Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the uterus was recorded in vivo in 4 conscious ovariectomized ewes treated with oestrogen (one injection of 100 micrograms of oestradiol benzoate). Doses of 500 micrograms of purified porcine relaxin were injected intravenously 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 hrs after oestrogen treatment. Relaxin had an inhibitory effect on uterine activity between 16 and 32 hrs after oestrogen treatment. Because the period during which relaxin had a biological effect corresponded to the moment when oestrogen-induced uterine activity was maximal, it is suggested that the ability of relaxin to inhibit uterine activity in the ewe is oestrogen-dependent. PMID- 6684322 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis and idiopathic thrombopenic purpura. A new association]. AB - A case of primary biliary cirrhosis with stage III histological changes associated with an asymptomatic thrombocytopenic purpura with raised antiplatelet antibody levels is described. This new association of two conditions in which an autoimmune participation is generally accepted suggests a predisposition to this form of disease and/or the intervention of common trigger factors; however, an analysis of known etiological mechanisms does not exclude the possibility of a fortuitous association. PMID- 6684323 TI - [New cases of human infection by Lagochilascaris minor Leiper, 1909, found in the State of Para, Brazil]. PMID- 6684324 TI - [Effect of increased amount of soy bean protein in the diet on the development and nitrogen metabolism of 2 generations of rats. II. Results of the studies on protein utilization]. PMID- 6684325 TI - [Enzootic ataxia of kid goats in Switzerland]. PMID- 6684326 TI - The first Scottish "Leopard"? AB - Leopard Syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition affecting multiple systems. We report a 35-year-old woman with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, pigmented naevi and growth retardation. We are unaware of previous cases reported in Scotland. PMID- 6684327 TI - Alcohol and pregnancy. PMID- 6684329 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and structural congenital heart disease (evidence of diffuse congenital cardiovascular disease)]. PMID- 6684328 TI - Carbocyclic arabinofuranosyladenine (cyclaradine): efficacy against genital herpes in guinea pigs. AB - Carbocyclic arabinofuranosyladenine (cyclaradine), a novel nucleoside analog with such desired features as hydrolytic and enzymatic stability, adenosine deaminase resistance, and low systemic toxicity, inhibited the replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. The 5'-methoxyacetate prodrug form exhibited significant efficacy in the topical treatment of genital infections by herpes simplex virus type 2. PMID- 6684330 TI - [Cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 6684331 TI - Locally invasive hepatic angiosarcoma: an unusual cause of massive haemothorax. PMID- 6684332 TI - Complex formation of human Val354-plasminogen with streptokinase. AB - A controlled digestion of native human plasminogen (Glu1-plasminogen) from either carbohydrate variant 1 or 2 with pancreatic elastase yields, among others, an activatable fragment, designated Val354-plasminogen (Pgc). This species represents the smallest human plasminogen fragment (ca., 50,000 Mw) known to bind to Sepharose-lysine. Pgc forms a tight equimolar complex with streptokinase, as determined by sucrose density ultracentrifugation, whether formed from Val354 plasminogen or Val354-plasmin. The Val354-plasmin-streptokinase complex readily activates ovine plasminogen, which is normally insensitive to streptokinase, and this complex is essentially inactive toward casein, similar to the equimolar complexes formed with Lys77-plasmin and the elastase fragment, Val442-plasmin. PMID- 6684333 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and plasma thromboxane B2 levels. PMID- 6684334 TI - An ultrastructural study of oogenesis in a marine triclad. AB - The ultrastructural features of oocyte differentiation were studied in the marine triclad Cercyra hastata. Oocytes at several stages of maturation, each surrounded by follicle cell projections, are present within each of the two ovaries. A pre vitellogenic and a vitellogenic stage have been detected in the oogenesis of C. hastata. The pre-vitellogenic stage is mainly characterized by an increase in the nuclear and nucleolar volume and activity, and the appearance and development of cortical granule precursors which are elaborated by the Golgi complex. In early phases of the vitellogenic stage, intense delamination and blebbing of the nuclear envelope occurs which probably contributes to an increase in number of cytoplasmic membranes and to transfer of nuclear material to the cytoplasm. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is extensively developed an often assumes a 'whorl' array. Several areas of yolk precursor formation appear in the whorls. Numerous 2 5 micrometers protein yolk globules are subsequently formed which appear surrounded by a double membrane (cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum) and become randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm of mature oocytes. The peripheral ooplasm is occupied by a monolayer of electron-dense cortical granules. Finally, the evolutionary significance of the autosynthetic mechanism of yolk production is discussed. PMID- 6684335 TI - Effect of verapamil on the lower urinary tract. AB - The effect of verapamil on the in-vivo bladder and urethra was investigated in female dogs. The bladder and urethral pressure responses to electrical stimulation of the pelvic and hypogastric nerves were decreased by verapamil. PMID- 6684336 TI - Viral haemorrhagic fever surveillance in Kenya, 1980-1981. AB - Following two cases of Marburg virus disease in Kenya in 1980, viral haemorrhagic fever surveillance was undertaken in western Kenya. Over a 21-month period investigations, including virus isolation attempts, patient and contact serology, visits to areas where suspected cases occurred, interviewing family members and neighbours of suspected cases and following up any additional illnesses in these areas, were carried out. During the study two cases were found that were likely to have been Ebola haemorrhagic fever based on rising antibody titres or positive serology in contacts. Diagnoses of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, malaria, bacterial septicaemia or other causes were arrived at in 24 cases. No diagnosis could be made in 26 instances. 741 human sera were tested for antibodies against Marburg, Ebola, Congo haemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever or Lassa fever viruses by indirect fluorescence. Eight sera were positive for Ebola virus antibodies, all of which were from suspected cases or contacts of suspected cases. Two sera were antibody positive to Congo virus and one had antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus. No Marburg or Lassa virus antibodies were detected. PMID- 6684337 TI - Prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia and galactorrhoea in secondary amenorrhoea. AB - Using Commercial R.I.A. Kits, plasma prolactin levels have been assayed in 41 Nigerian women with secondary amenorrhoea and in 10 normal ovulating women. The prolactin levels were 34.5 +/- 28.9 ng/ml and 14 +/- 6.8 ng/ml respectively; these prolactin levels differed significantly (p less than 0.001). Fifteen amenorrhoeic women had prolactin levels exceeding 28 ng/ml while no normal women had such prolactin levels. The highest prolactin levels, greater than 100 ng/ml were in the two patients with pituitary tumours. The relative frequency of galactorrhoea in patients with secondary amenorrhoea was 19.5%. The results of this study are comparable with those obtained in Caucasians. PMID- 6684338 TI - [Dicentric Yp chromosome as one of the reasons for the absence of fluorescence in human Y chromosome]. AB - In chromosome sets of three patients with Turner's syndrome non-fluorescent Y chromosomes of normal size were found in part of the cells. C-, Q- and G techniques have shown that they were dicentric Yp-chromosomes, resulting from a junction of long arms of two Y-chromosomes with simultaneous loss of the entire distal fluorescent segments. It is supposed that in some cases the non fluorescent Y-chromosomes, previously described in literature, are as a matter of fact undiscernible dicentric Yp-chromosomes. PMID- 6684339 TI - [Treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults]. PMID- 6684340 TI - [Treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin]. PMID- 6684342 TI - [Risks of suprapubic urine drainage using the Cystofix catheter]. AB - In most cases suprapubic urinary diversion preferable to transurethral diversion, primarily because of the minimal risk of infection and avoidance of trauma to the urethra. There are nearly no complications provided careful handling and attention to contraindications. We have had serious complications in a few cases. These observations give us good reason to use an exact punction technique in order not to bring a good method that is otherwise free from complications into discredit. PMID- 6684341 TI - [Complications of percutaneous nephropyelostomy with special reference to the sonographic real-time puncture technic]. AB - 99 ultrasonographically-guided percutaneous nephropyelostomies (PNP) were done in 77 patients. Average age at operation was 60 years, most often PNP was done in cancer patients. In 26 cases compound-scanning technique and in 73 cases real time technique was used. Real-time ultrasound imaging of the kidney is superior to compound-scan technique and allows dynamical imaging of percutaneously introduced canulas. Thus guidance of puncture technique and security of reaching the calix system have been optimized. Correct placement of nephrostomy catheter was achieved in 88.5% using compound-scanning technique compared to 92% using real-time ultrasonography. Moreover puncture of the calix system by needle was successful in every case using real-time ultrasonography. Complication rate was 2%. In one patient the calix system was perforated and one with macrohematuria required open surgery. Real-time ultrasound technique enables us to perform controlled percutaneous nephropyelostomy easily without hazardous complications. PMID- 6684343 TI - [How reliable is cancer diagnosis with needle biopsy of the prostate?]. AB - Aim of the study was to investigate the reproducibility and the reliability of the morphological diagnosis, of different morphological parameters and representativity of needle biopsy material compared with transurethral resection material. 416 needle biopsies of carcinomas of the prostate were studied by 5 pathologists. 130 biopsies were evaluated twice by the same investigators and 325 at least by one other investigator. In 65 cases, tissue obtained by transurethral resection was evaluated by the same investigator who had seen the biopsy. The diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate was highly reproducible, only in 2% of the cases the original diagnosis was not confirmed; 5 out of 27 systematically evaluated parameters proved to be very reliable and reproducible, i.e. histological tumor classification, cribriform glands, invasion of perineural spaces, nucleoles, nuclear polymorphism, 8 parameters were sufficiently reproducible and 14 were unreliable among which cytologic differentiation was one. The diagnostic reproducibility between biopsy material and transurethral resection material was only 48.8%. This very low figure can be explained by the marked histologic heterogeneity of the tumors of which only 13% were classified as uniform carcinomas. The conclusions of the investigation are: 1. The diagnosis carcinoma is highly reliable and reproducible in needle biopsies. 2. Needle biopsy tissue is not representative for the entire tumor. 3. Grading of prostate carcinoma is highly subjective and therefore no sound basis for therapy and prognosis in the individual patient. PMID- 6684344 TI - [Clinical experiences with arterial embolization of kidney tumors with ethanol]. AB - Based on 584 compiled cases of renal tumour embolization the materials used, the results and complications, are analyzed. The most serious complication proved to be the displacement and dislocation of particles from the embolization. Personal experience with 102 of our patients confirmed these results. In our clinics we have carried out tumour embolization in 20 patients using 95% alcohol since 1980. The first results are presented. The particular advantages of embolization using ethanol are: 1. The high risk of dispersal of particles from an embolization is eliminated. 2. It leads not only to destruction of the vascular system but also of the peripheral tissues as well to an extent rarely seen with the majority of other embolization materials. Attention must also be drawn to the comparatively safe and simple usage of ethanol during embolization. PMID- 6684345 TI - [Tumors of the colon following ureterosigmoidostomy]. AB - This report presents three cases of colon tumors which developed after an ureterosigmoidostomy. In a checkup, four years after the operation, an inflamed polyp was found in one patient. The second patient developed an adenoma in the section of the colon where the ureter had been implanted. The last patient died of adenocarcinoma of the colon 26 years after her operation. Possible reasons for the development of the tumors, specifically the cancerous ones, are discussed. The risk of developing colon carcinoma is 500 times higher in those who have had an ureterosigmoidostomy than in healthy people. In the case that the ureters are rediverted the section of the colon where they were previously attached must be excised; since there is a strong possibility of cancerous development. To detect the early development of tumors in the colon, we suggest that patients have their stool tested for blood at regular intervals starting 3 years post operatively. If no problems arise barium enema and coloscopy are recommended every five years. PMID- 6684346 TI - [Percutaneous lithotripsy with a new continuous flow pyeloscope]. AB - A new percutaneous pyeloscope for the destruction of kidney stones is presented which is based on the continuous flow principle through a double sheath similar to the resectoscopes. The visibility is always good and complications due to high pressure are prevented. PMID- 6684347 TI - [Nalidixic acid: urinary levels during short-term therapy with reduced doses]. AB - The acute inflammation of the lower afferent urinary tract is a superficial mucosal infection so long as structural and functional anomalies are excluded. A single or brief administration of antibacterially active substances with high urine concentrations can shorten uncomplicated attacks of infection and diminish the symptoms. The investigation of the urinary concentration of biologically active metabolites after administration of a daily dose of 2 g nalidixic acid revealed values which ensure that the minimum inhibitory concentrations in the afferent urinary tract are exceeded. The different responsiveness of the fluorimetric and microbiological methods applied for determination of the biologically active substances in urine led to results which were well correlated. PMID- 6684348 TI - [Microsurgical penis replantation following self mutilation]. AB - Although amputation of the penis is a rare problem, a complete reconstruction of all penile structures should be attempted in one stage. This way the best chance for full rehabilitation of the patient can be achieved. A microsurgical reimplantation with microsurgical sutures of arteries, veins, nerves and urethra after total amputation of the penis is reported. Eight months after surgery normal appearance and function, including a good urine flow and absence of urethral stricture, capability of erection and nearly normal sensitivity, was found. PMID- 6684349 TI - [Recent advances in the diagnosis of bladder tumors]. PMID- 6684350 TI - Impotence in the bull: (3) Rupture of the corpus cavernosum penis proximal to the sigmoid flexure. AB - Penile haematomas, lying outside the tunica albuginea, were found in six bulls of various breeds, aged one-and-a-half to nine-and-three-quarter years. In five cases the haematomas definitely arose from rupture of the dorsal or crural canal and tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum penis (ccp) within the proximal 12 cm of the penile body. In the sixth bull, lesions of the tunica albuginea and distortion of the penis just proximal to the proximal bend of the sigmoid flexure may have represented the site of rupture. There was no evidence of rupture at the distal bend of the sigmoid flexure or of rupture of the dorsal penile vessels in any of these specimens. In all six specimens, the dorsal canals of the ccp were occluded by translucent fibrous tissue distal to the sites of rupture; this was considered to be the factor immediately predisposing to proximal rupture of the ccp. Clinically, a small haematoma in the perineal region is difficult or impossible to palpate externally. However, when the haematoma of proximal origin is large, differentiation from rupture at the distal bend of the sigmoid flexure may be based tentatively on a careful clinical examination. In cases of proximal rupture the haematoma lies caudal and dorsal to the scrotum and no abnormality of the distal bend may be palpable. In cases of distal rupture, the haematoma usually lies cranial to the scrotum and involves the distal bend of the flexure. Severe disruption of the vascular structure is found in cases of proximal rupture of the ccp; therefore the prognosis is grave. PMID- 6684351 TI - Blood composition and liver fat in post parturient dairy cows. AB - Cows from three different herds were used to investigate the relationship between plasma D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate, serum free fatty acid and blood glucose concentrations and the amount of fat present in the liver in the week after calving. The study was particularly concerned with the diagnostic value of D(-)-3 hydroxybutyrate estimations. These estimations did not make a significant contribution to diagnosis of fatty liver nor did they reflect accurately the nutritional status of the cows. PMID- 6684352 TI - In vivo cross-reactivity of Taenia saginata and Taenia crassiceps antigens in bovine cysticercosis. AB - Steers sensitized or infected with Taenia saginata exhibited similar delayed-type dermal hypersensitivity (DTH) responses after intradermal inoculation with T. saginata or T. crassiceps skin test antigens. Steers sensitized to T. crassiceps cysticerci exhibited similar DTH responses to intradermal inoculation with T. crassiceps, T. saginata whole worm and T. saginata cysticerci antigens. No correlation existed between the DTH responses and the number of cysticerci in the carcasses. One sensitized/infected and one infected steer harbored cysticerci but exhibited no DTH responses. Infection with cysticerci did not elevate DTH responsiveness in sensitized animals. PMID- 6684353 TI - Antigens in perienteric fluid of Ascaris suum as detected through antibodies in pigs orally inoculated with fully embryonated eggs. AB - Perienteric fluid (Pf) of adult Ascaris suum was fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration or DEAE--cellulose chromatography, and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Anti-sera (anti-EE) from pigs which were inoculated orally with fully embryonated eggs (EE) of A. suum were used in an indirect radioimmunoassay (IRIA) to determine which fractions of Pf reacted positively in the analyses at the lowest protein concentration. These fractions were considered to contain more potent antigens. Comparative IRIA were performed employing antisera (anti-Pf) produced by injecting Pf into pigs. Six out of 35 fractions reacted positively at less than or equal to 0.2 micrograms protein when anti-EE was used in the IRIA. Twenty-two out of 35 fractions reacted positively at less than or equal to 0.2 micrograms protein when anti-Pf was used. Five of the 6 fractions reacting positively with anti-EE also reacted with anti-Pf. A 76000 dalton component appears to be one of the major proteins in the fractions which react positively with anti-EE while components from 10000-138000 daltons were present in the various fractions reacting positively with anti-Pf at less than or equal to 0.2 micrograms protein. PMID- 6684354 TI - Morantel sustained release bolus. PMID- 6684356 TI - The effects of the use of the morantel sustained release bolus system on calves grazing a highly contaminated pasture in The Netherlands. AB - The efficacy of the morantel sustained release bolus system for the control of parasitic gastroenteritis in calves was evaluated in the Netherlands. The effect of bolus administration to calves, either on May 1 at the beginning of the summer grazing season or on June 12 after the pasture was mown for silage, was determined in respect of liveweight gain, faecal worm egg output, serum pepsinogen values and worm burdens. In addition, pairs of tracer calves were turned out with each group every four weeks and sacrificed for worm counts in order to monitor pasture larval contamination throughout the grazing period. Compared with nontreated control calves, the worm egg outputs of the bolus treated calves turned out (Nematodirus helvetianus), while the bolus-treated calves turned out on June 12 had a corresponding reduction of 95 and 100 percent. Over the grazing season the average weight gain of bolus-treated calves turned out on May 1 was 34 kg more than nontreated controls turned out at the same time. Difference in weight gain of the treated and control calves turned out late in the season was 10.5 kg in favour of the treated group. The postmortem worm counts were highest in the control calves turned out early and lowest in the bolus treated calves turned out late. All tracer calves placed on the paddock grazed by control calves (turned out early) died from parasitic gastroenteritis from July onwards while those from the paddock grazed by the control calves (turned out late) died from parasitic gastroenteritis from September onwards. All the tracer calves placed on the paddocks grazed by bolus-treated calves survived until the intended slaughter date. PMID- 6684357 TI - The control of parasitic gastroenteritis of grazing cattle in Normandy, France using the morantel sustained release bolus. AB - The efficacy of the morantel sustained release bolus in controlling parasitic gastroenteritis in 153 first-season grazing cattle was assessed in three separate field trials conducted in Normandy, France. In each trial, comparisons were made on weight gain performance and parasitology data (faecal worm egg counts, herbage larval counts and- in two of the trials- worm counts from principal animals sacrificed at the end of the grazing season) when bolus treatment was given either at spring turnout or in mid-season in order to determine the optimum time for bolus administration. Cattle were allocated into three groups, each group maintained on a separate but equivalent paddock constructed from the division of a larger pasture. A morantel sustained release bolus was administered to one group of animals at the time of turnout and to a second group of animals in midsummer. The third group of animals in each trial remained nontreated. The effect of the treatment on the contamination of pasture, and parasite levels and weight gain of the principal trial animals was assessed. Similar results were observed in all three trials. Faecal worm egg counts were reduced during the first part of the grazing season in animals receiving the bolus at turnout compared with mid-season treated animals where egg counts followed a pattern similar to the controls until bolus treatment at which time counts abruptly dropped to a low level. Likewise, levels of infective larvae on pastures grazed by control and mid-season treated animals followed similar patterns, increasing to a high level in late summer, while larval levels on pastures grazed by early season treated animals remained at low levels throughout most of the season. Serum pepsinogen levels, worm counts and weight gain reflected the results from faecal worm egg and herbage larval counts indicating that early-season treatment with the bolus provided the most efficient treatment time for controlling parasitic gastroenteritis throughout the grazing season. The overall mean weight gain advantage of the early-season bolus-treated animals over the controls was 37.2 kg (P less than 0.01) while the advantage of the mid-season treated animals over controls was 13.7 kg. PMID- 6684355 TI - Morantel sustained release bolus: a new approach for the control of trichostrongylosis in Austrian cattle. AB - The efficacy of a morantel sustained release bolus to control gastrointestinal parasitism during two consecutive grazing seasons was assessed in replacement dairy heifers raised under field conditions in Austria. Thirty calves were randomly allotted into two equal groups and maintained throughout the 1979 summer pasturing season on adjacent pastures of equal size with identical grazing history. Twenty-four of the thirty calves used in 1979 were monitored throughout 1980, each animal remained in the same treatment group as the previous year and grazed the same pastures as the previous year. In both 1979 and 1980 the bolus was administered to each animal in the treated group one week before turnout onto spring pastures, while the control animals received no anthelmintic treatment during either year. The efficacy of the bolus was assessed by comparison of faecal worm egg counts, herbage larval counts, worm counts from tracer and principal trial animals, weight gains and by the incidence of clinical disease found in both tracer and trial animals throughout the grazing season. Milk production was also monitored for all animals in both treatment groups during the first lactation. The system of treatment used in the present study with the morantel sustained release bolus was highly effective in preventing a significant buildup of infective larvae on pasture to the end of the grazing season in both years. In 1979 worm counts of tracer calves grazed on the treated pastures in mid August were similar to those recorded at the beginning of the season, while worm counts in the control tracers were five times the total found at the beginning of the season. In 1979 the bolus-treated calves outperformed the control group by 34.8 kg (P less than 0.001) over the 168-day grazing period. These results demonstrated that administration of the bolus to calves at the time of turnout onto spring pastures was most effective both in controlling parasites within the cattle themselves and in reducing the level of parasite contamination. During the second grazing season (1980) no beneficial effect in weight gain was observed due to the second bolus treatment. Weight gains realized during the first year, however, largely remained through the second year and the bolus-treated heifers reached breeding weight on average 19 days earlier. No difference in milk yield was observed between the treated and control animals during thier first year of lactation. PMID- 6684358 TI - A two-year study on the anthelmintic effect of a pregrazing treatment with the morantel sustained release bolus in first season grazing cattle in Sweden. AB - During two consecutive grazing seasons, the strategic use of the morantel sustained release bolus (MSRB) was monitored each year in first season grazing calves (maintained both years on the same pasture). The object of the study was to determine the effects of bolus treatment in young calves during successive years on the level of pasture larval contamination available at the beginning of the second year, and on the pattern of pasture recontamination that occurred during the second year. The level of worm burdens acquired in the trial animals at the end of the grazing season was determined both years. Tracer worm counts were determined during the first year of the study, while faecal worm egg counts, herbage larval counts and weight gain were monitored both years. During the first year (1979) the selected pasture was equally divided into three separate paddocks. Two paddocks were grazed by control calves, while each animal grazing the third paddock received a bolus at the time of turnout. During the second year (1980) three groups of calves were used. One group was treated with the bolus and grazed the same paddock as calves treated with the bolus the previous year. The second group was treated with the bolus and grazed the control paddock from the previous year, while the third group of calves remained nontreated and grazed the remaining paddock grazed by control calves from the previous year. As a result of the bolus treatment during the first year, the number of overwintering nematode larvae recovered the following spring was considerably lower than the number recorded on the paddock grazed previously by control animals. Worm counts and efficacy calculations demonstrated that worm burdens accumulated during the season were considerably lower in the bolus treated cattle during the second year than during the first. These parasitological differences were reflected in the weight gain comparisons between the treated and control cattle. Although significantly improved weight gains were recorded for both groups of treated cattle compared with the control cattle during the second year, the treated cattle grazing the treated paddock had a greater improvement than the treated cattle grazing the control paddock from the previous year. PMID- 6684360 TI - The use of the morantel sustained release bolus in second-season grazing cattle. AB - The efficacy of the morantel sustained release bolus in controlling gastrointestinal helminth infection in second-season grazing cattle was investigated on a total of seven farms in southeast England. On each farm only animals which had grazing experience from the previous summer pasturing season were used. The animals on each farm were allotted into two equal groups and turned out onto divided pastures of equal size. All the cattle in one group received a bolus at turnout while the cattle in the other group remained as nontreated controls. Assessment of the efficacy of treatment was based on comparisons of faecal worm egg output, herbage larval counts, weight gain, and the incidence of clinical parasitic gastroenteritis during the grazing season. Use of the morantel sustained release bolus led to the cessation of worm egg excretion in bolus-treated cattle during the early part of the grazing season thereby preventing a subsequent buildup of infective larvae on pasture. Although the overall results from worm egg and herbage larval counts demonstrated little measurable effect of treatment, clinical parasitic gastroenteritis was prevented in two trials where control animals became clinically affected by parasitism. Overall, the bolus-treated animals outperformed the controls by a mean of 15.1 kg (P less than 0.001). PMID- 6684359 TI - An economic and efficacy comparison between morantel (when administered from an intraruminal bolus) and conventional anthelmintic treatment in grazing cattle. AB - A economic and efficacy comparison in the control of parasitism in grazing cattle was conducted between conventional anthelmintic treatment applied according to various recommended regimes and an anthelmintic treatment delivered intraruminally at a sustained level from a specially designed bolus. The bolus used was the morantel sustained release bolus which has been designed to prevent the establishment of parasite infections so that, when administered at turnout to all cattle intended to graze the same pasture, parasitologically "safe" pastures could be produced and maintained for an entire grazing season. The various conventional anthelmintic treatment regimes used for the study were selected from the most commonly recommended and used systems of treatment found in commercial use throughout Europe. A total of 471 first-season grazing calves received the morantel sustained release bolus at spring turnout in 38 field trials conducted in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, West Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. In each trial, equal numbers of control and bolus-treated animals were maintained on separate halves of a divided pasture. In 25 of the 38 field trials, the control animals received tactical therapy with conventional anthelmintic only when exhibiting signs of parasitic gastroenteritis, while in the remaining 13 trials all animals in each control group received strategic anthelmintic treatment at specified intervals during the grazing season. Compared with control animals, significant reductions in faecal worm egg output of bolus-treated animals was recorded. Subsequent reductions in herbage larval contamination developed on pastures grazed by bolus-treated animals compared with control pastures so that, overall, the bolus-treated animals out-performed the control animals in all 38 trials by a mean of 16.3 kg (P less than 0.05). Labour and management costs (for animal treatment and handling) were substantially reduced in bolus-treated animals compared with animals receiving either tactical or strategic anthelmintic treatment. PMID- 6684361 TI - The susceptibility of Ostertagia and Cooperia to morantel tartrate after extended exposure to the morantel sustained release bolus. PMID- 6684362 TI - Molecular cloning and sequencing of the La Crosse virus S RNA. AB - Complete double-stranded DNA copies of the La Crosse virus (LAC) S genome have been synthesized and cloned into plasmid pBR322. The cloned genome was characterized and sequenced. The LAC S genome consisted of 981 nucleotides and contained two overlapping open reading frames. The first reading frame begins at nucleotide 82 and encodes a protein of 235 amino acids. A polypeptide of 92 amino acids can be translated in a +1 reading frame 16 nucleotides downstream from the start of the first reading frame. This second reading frame is initiated with two AUG codons followed by the serine codon UCG, the same serine codon which immediately follows the AUG of the first reading frame. PMID- 6684363 TI - [Experimental evaluation of the biological effectiveness of partially hydrolyzed soy and casein proteins]. AB - The tolerance and assimilability of protein hydrolysates of soybean and casein were studied and compared in 11 volunteers. Both proteins appeared to be highly effective, the tolerance of soybean hydrolysate being slightly worse in individual subjects. PMID- 6684364 TI - [Interstitial radiotherapy]. AB - At first the causes of the renaissance of interstitial radiotherapy are cited. The physical and radiobiological aspects about modern radionuclides are presented and compared with conventional methods. The advantages of these modern treatment schedules are demonstrated, especially in terms of radiation protection. Indications and methods of modern interstitial radiotherapy with I-125 seeds and Ir-192 wires are pointed out. Finally published results are mentioned. PMID- 6684365 TI - Recent advances in tropical diseases research. AB - The past few years have witnessed renewed effort to develop new tools for the conquest of parasitic and other infectious tropical diseases. The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases was initiated by the WHO, following a resolution of the World Health Assembly calling for the intensification of research into tropical diseases. The Programme, co-sponsored by UNDP and the World Bank, has developed a network of activities with two inter related objective: Research and development towards new and improved tools to control six tropical diseases; and Strengthening of national institutions, including training, to increase the research capabilities of the tropical countries effected by the diseases. The six target diseases are: malaria, schistosomiasis, filariasis, trypanosomiasis (both African sleeping sickness and Chagas' disease), leishmaniasis and leprosy. Early scientific results include progress in chemotherapy for malaria, schistosomiasis and filariasis; in the developing and testing of a vaccine against leprosy; in the fundamental knowledge required to develop a vaccine against malaria; and in simple and accurate diagnostic field tests for malaria, leprosy and African trypanosomiasis. In addition, institution strengthening and training support, awarded exclusively to institutions and scientists of developing endemic countries, has increased rapidly. The programme has collaborated with other agencies which are active in this area and with the pharmaceutical industry. Additional scientists and institutions are involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of the Programme. PMID- 6684366 TI - [Histidine-rich-3,8S-alpha 2-glycoprotein in normal pregnancy and EPH-gestosis]. AB - Histidine-rich-3,8S-alpha 2-glycoprotein (HRG) was determined in samples of plasma collected during normal pregnancy after 15th week. HRG-level declines during pregnancy to about half concentration of start of second trimester. HRG level return by 9 days post partum to level of nonpregnant women. In cases of EPH gestosis HRG-level was about the same amount like in normal pregnancies. PMID- 6684367 TI - [Can the indications for the presence of the neonatal emergency service be determined before the onset of labor?]. AB - The purpose of this study was to recommend guidelines for the consultation of the Neonatal Emergency Service when birth risks appear. Data from 39.479 births in 20 obstetric clinics and 1.723 emergency transports to the same clinics during the period 1979-1981 were analysed. The criteria applied for neonatal distress were necessity of resuscitation measures in the delivery room and perinatal mortality. It is recommended that the Neonatal Emergency Service should be called in before birth in the following cases: all premature births up to 34 weeks of gestation; from 35 to 37 weeks in case of additional risk factors; from 38th week onward in case of intrapartum bleeding, umbilical cord prolapse or tear, multiple births, transverse or face presentations and continuous heart rate deceleration. PMID- 6684368 TI - [Morphometric studies on placentas of mature, small for gestational age infants]. PMID- 6684370 TI - [Case of contact-allergic dermatitis from edible mushrooms]. PMID- 6684369 TI - [Disease pictures related to prolactin]. PMID- 6684371 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the associative region of the cerebral cortex in experimental neuroses in the dog]. AB - Ultrastructure of neurones and synapses of the cortical associative area of dogs has been studied under conditions of experimental neuroses caused by prolonged informational loads with constant time deficit and high motivational signals significance. Analysis of subcellular reorganization of a number of neuronal and synaptic organelles showed the degenerative changes of afferent conducting systems in various neuropil parts leading to the falling out of definite neuronal groups from stable functional connections and to the disturbance of intracortical interrelations. In the cortex simultaneously with destructive processes, are developing intracellular compensatory-adaptive reactions. PMID- 6684373 TI - [Correlation between behavioral aggressiveness in the mouse and tryptophan hydroxylase activity]. PMID- 6684372 TI - [Sexual conflict situation in the rat--model of emotional stress]. AB - It has been shown on female Wistar rats, that as a result of three months sexual deprivation, in a cage of special construction, they may develop an emotional stress leading to a change in mobility and to a discordance in the functional system maintaining the optimal level of sexual hormones in their organism. A design has been presented of a cage for creating a sexual conflict situation, which is a new model of emotional stress. PMID- 6684374 TI - [New aspects of the Heidenreich and Beck perfusion method in urodynamics. II: Effect of examination position on parameters of urethral pressure profile]. AB - The perfusion urethrotonometry was used in this study in 34 patients both in lying and upright position as paired comparisons. The following problems could be solved: 1. Using the complex urodynamic unit of the authors examinations are possible in vertical position successfully. 2. The urethral pressure profiles are equivalent qualitatively in both examination positions. 3. The analysis of the profiles of both positions on principles demonstrates the same valuation. In case of incontinence the relevant parameters for diagnosis (functional length of urethra in stress profile, electronically registered urethral closure pressure in stressful situation, transmission and depression factor and stress quotient) show clearer in the upright position than in the lying one. In continent women the change of position has no significant influence. If the criteria in lying position are not well defined, the urethral pressure profile in upright position should be done as additional examination. PMID- 6684376 TI - [Melanoma of the female urethra]. AB - Case report of a 69-year-old woman with a melanoma of the urethra. Radical surgery was renounced in regard of the age. We performed local excision with inguinal lymphonodectomy only followed by chemotherapy with dacarbazine. A tumor of this localisation is rare. Approximately 45 cases have been described in the literature at present. The prognosis of the diseases is very poor. PMID- 6684377 TI - Arginine vasopressin suppresses oxytocin release from the superfused rat hypothalamo-pituitary complex. AB - The role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the regulation of oxytocin secretion was studied in a superfusion system of the hypothalamo-pituitary complex from cycling female rats in dioestrus of the oestrous cycle. After perfusion with Medium 199 alone at 37 degrees C for an equilibration period of 2.5 h, perfusion with Medium 199 containing 10 mU/ml AVP for 30 min caused a prompt and significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in the oxytocin level of up to 60% of that before AVP perfusion, whereas Medium 199 containing 0.1 mU/ml AVP had no effect on oxytocin efflux. This finding suggests that AVP may be involved in the regulation of oxytocin release from the hypothalamo-pituitary system. PMID- 6684375 TI - [Surgical treatment of ectopic ureter in females]. AB - The reasons of urinary incontinence and its differential diagnosis are discussed on the occasion of 13 cases of ectopic ureters. Renovasography and vaginography are of great concern in diagnostic. The choice of operation method depends on the morphologic and functional status of the attached kidney respectively ureter. A conservative preserving intervention was possible in 5 patients. In 8 patient an upper heminephroureterectomy was necessary. The early childhood is the best date for treatment in each case. PMID- 6684378 TI - Nearest-neighbor distance of intermediate filaments in axons and Schwann cells. Distinction between axons and schwann cell processes in the denervated and reinnervated peripheral nerves. AB - To distinguish axons from Schwann cell processes in the denervated (Bungner's bands) and reinnervated peripheral nerves, the nearest-neighbor distance of intermediate filaments (NND) was measured in axons and Schwann cells from denervated and subsequent regenerating peripheral nerves. It was revealed that the NND was much larger in regenerating axons (41.9 +/- 14.1 nm) than in Schwann cell processes (23.1 +/- 7.1 nm in regeneration and 19.7 +/- 5.8 nm in denervation). In addition, the NND was also measured in the normal adult and developing peripheral nerves, and it became clear that in all cases the NND in axons (29.0-41.9 nm) was larger than in Schwann cells (19.7-23.1 nm). Thus, it can be generally considered that the NND is larger in axons than in Schwann cells. This fact can be used for the distinction between axons and Schwann cell processes, when the latter have a profile similar to that of the former as in Bungner's bands and in the regenerating nerves. PMID- 6684380 TI - [Tympanometry in seromucous otitis media in children]. PMID- 6684381 TI - Epidemiology and spontaneous improvement of secretory otitis. AB - The results of 25 repetitive impedance screenings of three cohorts of children are presented. The point prevalence of a type B tympanogram was 13% at the end of the first year of life, 11-18% during the second, third, fourth and fifth year of life, decreasing to 7% during the sixth and seventh year of life. The period prevalence during the first year of life was 15% and at least 30% during the second, third, fourth and fifth year of life, indicating that about 80% of all healthy children have had at least one period with a type B tympanogram and 40% have had at least one recurrent episode. Spontaneous improvement of secretory otitis occurs frequently, and it is recommended to wait 3-6 months before instituting surgical treatment. PMID- 6684379 TI - Subependymal giant-cell tumor: astrocytic or neuronal? AB - Tissue from seven patients with tuberous sclerosis and subependymal giant-cell tumors was examined with special stains, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Immunoreactive glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was not found in the giant cells of four tumors, but was present in some tumor cells in the other three. Immunoreactive S-100 protein was present in tumor cells of six cases; it was also seen in more tumor cells than was GFAP. Electron microscopy was similar in all cases and showed that the tumor cells had numerous organelles many dense bodies thought to be primary lysosomes, swollen mitochondria, Golgi complexes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, and sparsely distributed intermediate filaments. In one case, neurosecretory granules, microvilli, and synapses were observed. In another subject, prominent, thick bundles of glial filaments were seen. These findings suggest that the tumor is made up of unique cells in addition to cells with recognizable neuronal or astrocytic features. PMID- 6684382 TI - Management of chronic otitis media with effusion. AB - Chronic otitis media with effusion ('secretory') is one of the most common diseases of childhood. Pathogenesis related to Eustachian tube dysfunction. Bacteria have been isolated from approximately 50 percent of chronic middle ear effusions. Diagnosis by pneumatic otoscopy or tympanometry, or both. Efficacy yet to be shown for antimicrobial therapy, decongestants, antihistamines, hydrocortisone, myringotomy with or without tympanostomy tubes, and adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy. However, a 10-day trial with an antimicrobial agent, such as amoxicillin (erythromycin and sulfonamide, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, or cefaclor, are reasonable alternatives), should be prescribed before surgical intervention. Attendant conductive hearing loss may be related to abnormalities in cognition, language, and learning. Since the prevalence and incidence of otitis media decrease with advancing age, palliative management options would appear to be appropriate at present, reserving the more aggressive options for those infants and children who have frequently recurrent or chronic disease or the complications or sequelae of otitis media with effusion. PMID- 6684383 TI - [Incidence of surgical treatment in serous otitis]. PMID- 6684384 TI - Middle ear effusion and upper airway infection. PMID- 6684385 TI - [Renaissance of vaginal orgasm by the rediscovery of the Grafenberg spot]. PMID- 6684386 TI - The nonpathogenic intestinal protozoa. AB - Nonpathogenic intestinal protozoa are frequently reported in fecal specimens sent to laboratories for parasitologic examination. Family physicians should be familiar with the most commonly encountered species. PMID- 6684389 TI - Protection of turkeys against furazolidone-induced cardiomyopathy. AB - When fed furazolidone, 700 ppm, with their mash, most turkey poults develop dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by gross left ventricular dilatation with thinning of both the left ventricular free wall and ventricular septum. Birds fed propranolol, but not digoxin, did not develop this cardiomyopathy. It is not known what pharmacologic property of propranolol conferred protection or if mammals would receive similar protection. PMID- 6684387 TI - Apical hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6684388 TI - Influence of verapamil therapy on left ventricular performance at rest and during exercise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - To determine the hemodynamic effect of verapamil at rest and during exercise, 18 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were studied before and after 7 weeks of treatment with oral verapamil (maximal dose, 720 mg/day). At rest and at peak exercise, verapamil produced a significant increase in left ventricular (LV) systolic performance in terms of stroke volume index (rest, from 43 +/- 11 to 53 +/- 11 ml/m2, p less than 0.001; exercise, from 46 +/- 11 to 51 +/- 10 ml/m2, p less than 0.01), whereas heart rate decreased (rest, from 81 +/- 14 to 70 +/- 11 min-1, p less than 0.001; exercise, from 150 +/- 21 to 141 +/- 18 min-1, p less than 0.01). Cardiac index at rest and during exercise remained unchanged. Systolic vascular resistance did not change at rest, but decreased significantly during exercise (974 +/- 243 to 874 +/- 174 dynes s cm-5; p less than 0.05). After verapamil administration, pulmonary artery pressures did not change at rest, but decreased significantly during exercise. This was probably due to a shift in the LV pressure-volume relation. The improvement in LV hemodynamics was associated with a significant increase in exercise capacity. The findings of this study indicate that in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hemodynamic improvement at rest and during exercise can be achieved by chronic administration of verapamil. PMID- 6684390 TI - Active infective endocarditis complicating idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6684391 TI - Vitamin A and retinol-binding protein in amniotic fluid. AB - Amniotic fluid and serum samples that had been obtained from mothers at 10 to 33 wk of gestation were analyzed for retinol and retinol-binding protein. No difference was found in serum retinol with advancing gestation. The concentration of retinol in amniotic fluid from 20 wk onward was significantly greater than at 16 to 18 wk. No esters of retinol and no carotenoids were detected in amniotic fluid. Serum and amniotic fluid samples from the same mothers were significantly correlated for retinol (p less than 0.02). Retinol-binding protein, detected by radial immunodiffusion, was found in amniotic fluid in molar excess of, and significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated with, retinol in amniotic fluid. Retinol in amniotic fluid obtained at 16 to 18 wk from pregnancies that ended in anencephaly or other congenital defects ranged from 2.3 to 18.0 micrograms/dl. The range of amniotic fluid values in abnormal pregnancy precludes using retinol or retinol-binding protein as a marker in prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities. PMID- 6684392 TI - An experimental model for studies of zinc bioavailability from milk and infant formulas using extrinsic labeling. AB - The ability to assess zinc bioavailability from various diets is essential as the zinc content on many foods can be low or marginal. We have investigated the absorption of zinc from human milk, cows' milk, cows' milk formula (whey adjusted) and soy protein formula as these fluids can comprise the majority of an infant's diet. Radiozinc was added to the diets in tracer amounts. The extrinsic 65Zn was shown by ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, and gel filtration to add to milk fractions and individual binding compounds in a manner analogous to the distribution of native zinc, validating the use of extrinsically labeled milk diets. Labeled diets were fed by intubation to 16-day-old suckling rats. Animals were killed after 4 h and tissues removed and counted. Zinc bioavailability was 28% from human milk, 24% from whey-adjusted cows' milk formula, 15% from cows' milk, and 10% from soy formula. Intubation studies using adult rats showed that zinc absorption was lower from all the diets; however, it was still highest from human milk and cows' milk formula. These results show that the rat pup model may provide a rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive method to assay bioavailability of zinc from infant foods. PMID- 6684394 TI - Looking upon the water. Graphic illustrations. PMID- 6684393 TI - Vitamin B12 bioavailability from egg yolk and egg white: relationship to binding proteins. AB - Egg yolk has been reported to inhibit B12 absorption less than egg white suggesting that different vitamin B12 binding proteins may be present in egg white and egg yolk. Using gel-exclusion chromatography we found that the mean MR for the B12 binding protein derived from egg yolk was 125,000, whereas that derived from egg white was 97,750. Heat treatment of the apoprotein differentially reduced the binding capacity of egg yolk and egg white in a time dependent manner with the greatest decrease in binding capacity occurring with egg white. In contrast, heat treatment of the holoenzyme delineated the egg yolk as the more labile. These studies suggest that egg yolk and egg white contain distinct R binders which could explain the differential B12 absorption from egg yolk and egg white. PMID- 6684396 TI - Ullrich-Turner syndrome in monozygotic twins. AB - We report on the Ullrich-Turner syndrome in monozygotic twin sisters. The first twin had the syndrome with a 45,X chromosome constitution. The second twin had only minor manifestations of the syndrome with 46,XX/45,X mosaicism. The literature on the Ullrich-Turner syndrome in twins is reviewed. PMID- 6684395 TI - Determinants of variation in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity: a twin study. AB - Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity has been measured in 204 pairs of twins aged 18-34. Estimated genetic variance was the same in men and women, after exclusion of the youngest men, but environmental variance was greater in men so that the heritability was .90 +/- .02 in the women and .71 +/- .05 in the 19-34-year-old men. About 15% of the genetic variance was associated with the ABO blood group polymorphism, which is known to affect intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Differences in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity between normal people may be mainly due to genetically determined proportions of isoenzymes of differing stability. PMID- 6684398 TI - Maternal transport and the perinatal denominator. AB - In conjunction with an active outreach program, a rural perinatal region of 18,000 deliveries was analyzed. All pregnancies which resulted in the delivery of live-born infants weighing 1,000 to 1,500 gm were reviewed for maternal/fetal risk and eventual neonatal outcome. Analysis included all mothers and infants cared for at regional hospitals as well as those transferred to any tertiary care center in the state system. Thus, an entire "perinatal denominator" for this group of patients at very high risk was identified. Maternal/fetal risk scoring was highest for the group of mothers transferred to the tertiary center prior to delivery. In spite of this increased risk, infant mortality was significantly decreased by delivery at the tertiary care center. It is recommended that other groups of high-risk conditions be evaluated in regional systems only after the entire perinatal denominator has been identified. PMID- 6684397 TI - Part II. Amyoplasia: twinning in amyoplasia--a specific type of arthrogryposis with an apparent excess of discordantly affected identical twins. AB - We report on 11 cases of amyoplasia in one of identical twins. In total, 135 patients with amyoplasia were ascertained from a study of 350 patients with multiple congenital joint contractures (arthrogryposis). These 11 cases of identical twins with amyoplasia represent 8% of our patients with amyoplasia. At least 18 sets of twins with congenital contractures have been reported previously. However, only four of these appear to involve identical twins discordant for amyoplasia. Thus, 15 cases in which only one of identical twins are affected with amyoplasia have been identified. PMID- 6684400 TI - Dental size traits within families: path analysis for first molar and lateral incisor. AB - Previous works on the inheritance of dental traits have traditionally followed Fisher's model for family data under the assumption that phenotypic similarity between relatives is due solely to genetic factors. This study uses recent causal models that incorporate the contribution of nonrandom environmental sources of variation to familial resemblance on dental size. Path analysis was applied to observed interclass and intraclass correlations of sex-specific parent-offspring and sib pairs in 293 Pima Indian families from the southwest United States. The mesiodistal dimension of an early-forming and stable tooth (first molar) was contrasted with a late-forming and variable tooth (upper lateral incisor) for genetic and familial environmental components of variation. Parameters were estimated according to the XTAU models of Rice et al. (1980) and linear constraints placed upon the parameters were tested. The proportion of variance accounted for by genetic and environmental transmissible factors is estimated to be 52% for the first molar and 35% for the lateral incisor. Neither X-linkage nor sex-specific environmental effects are required to explain the transmission of dental size. Nontransmissible environmental effects that account for sibling correlations are detectable. Furthermore, sex differences are found in correlated sibling environments for the lateral incisor but not the first molar, to explain in part male-female differences in the distributions of the upper lateral incisor size. PMID- 6684399 TI - Fetal polycythemia and hyperviscosity: effect on umbilical blood flow and fetal oxygen consumption. AB - To evaluate the effect of fetal polycythemia and hyperviscosity on fetal oxygen transport, we induced those conditions in eight chronically instrumented fetal lambs by isovolemic exchange transfusion with packed red cells obtained from a donor ewe. This procedure resulted in polycythemia and hyperviscosity without altering fetal arterial blood oxygen content. The fetuses were studied at 1 and 48 hours after polycythemia and hyperviscosity. In spite of decreased oxygen delivery to the fetus, the fetal oxygen consumption was unchanged because of an increase in oxygen extraction by the fetus. PMID- 6684401 TI - Endocrine consequences of portacaval anastomosis in female rats. PMID- 6684402 TI - Evaluating the impact of physician peer review: factors associated with successful PSROs. AB - A five-component measurement method was developed and applied to the 1981 impact statements of 30 Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSROs) by four blind raters familiar with the PSRO program. High inter-rater reliability (.95) was achieved. Rater's scores for each PSRO were then averaged and regressed against five variables predicted to affect PSRO impact: geographical density of PSROs; PSRO affiliation with a medical society; surgical necessity review; use of data profiles; and pre-existing Medicare hospitalization rates. As a set, the variables accounted for 44 per cent of the variance in PSRO performance (p less than .05). When entered in stepwise regression, geographical density and use of surgical necessity review accounted for the largest share of the variance. The findings are believed to reflect the recency of PSRO motivation to demonstrate significant impact, and the value of surgical necessity review as an indicator of PSRO courage to risk unpleasant backlash from their medical communities. PMID- 6684403 TI - Aggressive angiomyxoma of the female pelvis and perineum. Report of nine cases of a distinctive type of gynecologic soft-tissue neoplasm. AB - Nine case of a distinctive soft tissue tumor of the female pelvis and perineum are described. They were characterized by their occurrence in young women (ages 21-38), large size (up to 60 X 20 cm), locally infiltrative nature, and grossly gelatinous appearance. The initial clinical impression was usually that of a Bartholin gland cyst. The microscopic appearance was that of spindle or stellate cells widely separated by a loose myxoid stroma focally rich in collagen fibrils, a prominent vascular component, including many large thick-walled vessels without an arborizing pattern, and foci of proliferating glandular elements in two cases. Mitotic activity was exceedingly low. Ultrastructural study of the spindle cells showed features consistent with myofibroblastic differentiation. Four patients developed large local recurrences; one tumor recurred twice, 14 and 15 years after initial excision. No distant metastases have been documented to date, and all patients are alive and well. The differential diagnosis of this unusual tumor includes myxoma, myxoid liposarcoma, sarcoma botryoides, myxoid variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, nerve sheath myxoma, and other soft tissue tumors with secondary myxoid changes. We have chosen the term "aggressive angiomyxoma" for this neoplasm to emphasize the neoplastic nature of the blood vessels and its locally infiltrative and recurrent nature. PMID- 6684404 TI - A new indication for using the preperitoneal approach for inguinal herniorrhaphy: recurrent inguinal hernia with solitary ipsilateral testis. AB - A preperitoneal approach using prosthetic mesh at the transversalis fascial level has been presented for the treatment of recurrent inguinal hernia with solitary ipsilateral testis to preserve gonadal function. PMID- 6684405 TI - Diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6684406 TI - The role of endoscopic vitreous microsurgery in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6684407 TI - Quantitative analysis of zonulae occludentes between oviductal epithelial cells at diestrous and estrous stages in the mouse: freeze-fracture study. AB - The zonulae occludentes between oviductal epithelial cells were quantitatively analyzed at diestrous and estrous stages in the mouse, using the freeze-fracture technique. Zonulae occludentes were predominantly anastomosing at the diestrous stage, while they were predominantly parallel at the estrous stage. The lowest mean value of junctional strands comprising the zonulae occludentes was 5.3 +/- 1.6. Parallel-type zonulae occludentes had more strands than the anastomosing type. Secretory cells usually had more strands than ciliated cells. The shallowest mean depth occupied by junctional domain was 0.51 +/- 0.20 micron. The depth was usually somewhat greater in anastomosing-type zonulae occludentes than in the parallel type. It was also slightly greater in ciliated cells than in secretory cells. The depth was likely to be greater at diestrous stage than at the estrous stage. However, neither the number of strands nor the depth was significantly different between diestrous and estrous stages in homologous types of zonulae occludentes. On the basis of these results, the zonulae occludentes in oviductal epithelium are considered to be morphologically of a tight type at any time period throughout the estrous cycle. The results of lanthanum tracer experiments suggest that the zonulae occludentes in the oviductal epithelium do not always function as a barrier to the exogenous tracer. These morphological phenomena are discussed in relation to mouse fertilization in vivo. PMID- 6684408 TI - New genetic polymorphism recognized in the prealbumin region of chicken egg yolk. AB - Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of water-soluble proteins of chicken egg yolk was done by a first-dimension separation in agarose gel (pH 8.6) followed by a second-dimension separation in horizontal polyacrylamide gel (pH 9.0). Genetic polymorphism of a protein, tentatively designated as Pr M prealbumin, was observed. The analysis of family data suggests that the Pr M prealbumin is controlled by two alleles, Pr M+ and Pr M-, at a single autosomal locus. The Pr M+ allele appears to be dominant to the Pr M- allele. PMID- 6684409 TI - [Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation. 9 cases]. AB - Thirty six patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) (hemodynamic diagnosis: 28 cases, echocardiography alone: 8 cases) were included in a retrospective study from 1972 to 1981. Two groups of patients were identified: 9 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and 27 patients without AF. A comparison of these two groups showed no significant difference. However, an actuarial study showed that, although AF was a late complication in 4 patients (average age 53 years, duration: 8 years), in four other patients, attacks of AF were documented 8 years before the diagnosis of HOCM at a mean age of 37 years. This study suggests that the diagnosis of HOCM should be considered in cases of AF in young patients. PMID- 6684410 TI - [Attempts at preventing experimental Staphylococcus aureus mastitis by immunization and intramammary insertion of a polyethylene device (Sterilait)]. AB - The susceptibility of lactating cows to experimental challenge with two strains of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated 30 days after calving. These cows were previously immunized during the dry-period and udder quarters were fitted at drying-off with a polyethylene intramammary device (IMD). Incidence of infection recorded in device-fitted quarters and control quarters was not significantly different. There was no difference between IMD-fitted and control quarters in milk yield, contents in butterfat and protein. Lactose mean concentration was significantly decreased in milk collected from quarters fitted with polyethylene loop (P less than 0.05). The somatic cell counts in milk from quarters depended on: a) fraction collected, b) time of sampling, c) presence of intramammary loop, d) result of experimental challenge. Milk somatic-cell counts determined at mid lactation for fractions collected before udder stimulation and total milk in IMD fitted quarters were greater than for control quarters (P less than 0.05). In general, these differences were greater in quarters which were experimentally infected than uninfected quarters. The count in total milk collected at mid lactation for uninfected device-fitted quarters averaged 720 000 cells/ml. PMID- 6684412 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of aztreonam in sera and urine. AB - Aztreonam (SQ 26,776) is a new synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic which is specifically active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. High-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) systems were developed for the quantitative analysis of aztreonam in human, monkey, rat, mouse, and rabbit sera and urine. The HPLC conditions employed for these analyses were a muBondapak C18 column, a mobile phase made up of 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate at pH 3.0 and acetonitrile or methanol, UV detection at 293 nm, and a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min. For human sera and urine, the mobile phase was 80% 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate-0.005M (NH4)2SO4 and 20% acetonitrile (vol/vol). For the range of sera and urine, HPLC analyses were shown to have excellent detector linearity of aztreonam over a concentration range of 1.0 mg/ml to 0.5 microgram/ml. Correlation coefficients for plots of aztreonam peak area versus its concentration were greater than or equal to 0.990. The detection limit of aztreonam was 1.0 micrograms/ml in sera and 5.0 micrograms/ml in urine. HPLC and microbiological assays of aztreonam in human sera and urine were in good agreement. PMID- 6684414 TI - Two new species of the genus Sporobolomyces and a new Rhodotorula species from leaf surfaces. AB - Two new species of the genus Sporobolomyces and one of the genus Rhodotorula are described. Sporobolomyces elongatus and Rhodotorula armeniaca spp. nov. were isolated from the surfaces of leaves of Callistemon viminalis (Soland ex Gaertn.) G. Don ex Loud. and Sporobolomyces foliicola from the leaves of Banksia collina R. Br. growing at Armidale. PMID- 6684411 TI - Cytoskeletal disorganization induced by local application of beta, beta' iminodipropionitrile and 2,5-hexanedione. AB - Beta, beta'-Iminodipropionitrile and 2,5-hexanedione are neurotoxins that produce neurofilamentous axonal swellings. The swellings produced experimentally with these agents are similar in structure but different in distribution. Neither the relationships between these agents nor the mechanisms of action are known. In this study local effects on nerve fibers were compared following injection of beta, beta'-iminodipropionitrile and 2,5-hexanedione beneath the perineurium of rat sciatic nerves. Soon after injection, 2,5-hexanedione reproduced the distinctive cytoskeletal disorganization previously described with beta, beta' iminodipropionitrile: microtubules collected into a central channel, with neurofilaments segregated in a surrounding subaxolemmal ring. Later, the beta, beta'-iminodipropionitrile-injected nerves developed local neurofilaments accumulations, reproducing the neurofilamentous axonal swellings characteristic of systemic intoxication with these agents. The results indicate that both these agents have direct local effects on the axonal cytoskeleton and probably are similar in mechanism of action. Both these agents appear to segregate neurofilaments from the rest of the axonal cytoskeleton. This segregation may prevent the normal proximal-to-distal transport of neurofilaments, resulting in the formation of neurofilamentous axonal swellings. PMID- 6684413 TI - The resident faecal flora is determined by genetic characteristics of the host. Implications for Crohn's disease? AB - Recently, an "abnormal" faecal flora has been associated with Crohn's disease, a disease of unknown origin but with pertinent genetic predisposition. Therefore, it was investigated whether the faecal flora is under genetic influence in groups of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Faecal floras of monozygotic twin siblings were found to be much more alike than those of dizygotic twin siblings. It is concluded that the resident faecal flora is under genetic influence and may be useful parameter to study possible genetic backgrounds of other diseases. PMID- 6684415 TI - Disseminated arterial calcification associated with acardius acephalus. AB - Widespread arterial calcification was shown at necropsy in an infant who died at age 5 days and whose twin was acardiac. The changes resembled closely those described in idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy and the possible importance of haemodynamic factors in the production of these changes is discussed. PMID- 6684416 TI - Teratomas in infancy and childhood. A 54-year experience at the Children's Hospital Medical Center. AB - The clinical and pathologic features of 254 teratomas from 245 patients are reviewed. All patients were 21 years of age or younger and were treated at the Children's Hospital Medical Center from 1928 to 1982. Tumors arose in the following anatomic sites: sacrococcygeal (102), ovary (94), head and neck (14), retroperitoneum (12), mediastinum (11), testes (eight), central nervous system (nine), liver (two), abdominal wall, and back (one each). One hundred twenty-four tumors (49%) were detected in the newborn period. Teratomas characteristically contained elements derived from all three embryonic germ layers. Tumors with any recognizable component of embryonal carcinoma or other malignant germ cell elements at the time of initial surgery were excluded. Immature teratomas were significantly larger than mature tumors in nearly all sites where statistical analysis was possible. The single most important factor affecting prognosis was whether the tumor could be resected successfully at initial surgery. No patient who did not undergo surgery, or in whom only partial resection was possible, survived the disease--regardless of other treatments used. Based upon the experience reported here the authors conclude: 1) complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice for all childhood teratomas; and 2) this is one of the few childhood tumors where decisions regarding adjuvant therapy must be individualized, particularly with regard to site of origin and age of the patient. PMID- 6684417 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura seen as pulmonary hemorrhage. AB - A 33-year-old woman was seen with fever, confusion, and respiratory distress. A diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was made when renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia subsequently developed. An open kidney biopsy confirmed the clinical diagnosis. The patient initially was seen with the roentgenographic and clinical appearance of pulmonary hemorrhage, which was confirmed histologically and, to our knowledge, previously has not been associated with TTP. PMID- 6684418 TI - In vivo 31P NMR studies on the role of the vacuole in phosphate metabolism in yeasts. PMID- 6684419 TI - The oncogenes of retroviruses in human tumors. PMID- 6684420 TI - [Protein and amino acid digestibility in various sections of the digestive tract of swine. 2. Protein sources of plant origin]. AB - Growing pigs provided with ileocaecal re-entrant cannulae were fed three rations containing plant protein sources and two N-free rations. The crude protein and amino acid flow in the digestive tract as well as the apparent and true digestibility of the crude protein and the amino acids for the individual sections of the intestines are explained. It shows that relating the calculation of metabolic faecal amino acids to live weight results in more realistic values than relating it to feed intake. PMID- 6684422 TI - Identification of ecdysonoic acid and 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid isolated from developing eggs of Schistocerca gregaria and pupae of Spodoptera littoralis. AB - Ecdysonoic acid and 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid have been purified from developing eggs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, by high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.), and their structures were determined by p.m.r. spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the free and methyl ester derivatives. 20-Hydroxyecdysonoic acid was also characterized from Spodoptera littoralis pupae. The occurrence of both 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid and ecdysonoic acid in Sp. littoralis pupae was also established by h.p.l.c. comparison of the 3H-labelled acids formed from [3H]ecdysone and of their methyl esters with the corresponding substances from Sch. gregaria. The significance of ecdysteroid acids as products of ecdysteroid inactivation is discussed. PMID- 6684421 TI - Therapy for helpless monkeys. PMID- 6684423 TI - Identification of the 22-phosphate esters of ecdysone, 2-deoxyecdysone, 20 hydroxyecdysone and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone from newly laid eggs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. AB - The four major ecdysteroid (insect moulting hormone) conjugates present in the newly laid eggs of the desert locust, Schistocera gregaria, have been purified by reversed-phase and anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. The steroid moieties were identified as ecdysone, 2-deoxyecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone. Phosphate analysis of acid-hydrolysed samples showed a steroid:phosphate ratio of approx. 1:1 for all four compounds. The intact conjugates were identified as ecdysone 22-phosphate, 2-deoxyecdysone 22 phosphate, 20-hydroxyecdysone 22-phosphate and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone 22 phosphate by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and 1H, 13C and 31P n.m.r. The significance of ecdysteroid phosphates as a source of free hormone during embryogenesis is discussed. PMID- 6684424 TI - A study of the biosynthesis of the tripeptide delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L cysteinyl-D-valine in a beta-lactam-negative mutant of Cephalosporium acremonium. AB - A cell-free extract of Cephalosporium acremonium (Takeda N-2) was obtained that synthesized the tripeptide delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine and also the dipeptide delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteine from the corresponding L-amino acids. PMID- 6684425 TI - The role of GTP in prostaglandin E1 stimulation of adenylate cyclase in platelet membranes. AB - Adenylate cyclase activity in platelet membrane preparations was measured in the presence of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), GTP and a non-hydrolysable analogue of GDP, guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate (GDP[beta S]). A dose-dependent inhibition of adenylate cyclase by GDP[beta S] was observed that could be reversed either by adding increased amounts of GTP or of PGE1. PMID- 6684426 TI - Reduction of ferric citrate catalyzed by NADH:nitrate reductase. AB - We show that NADH:nitrate reductase from squash cotyledons can catalyze the reduction of ferric citrate. When nitrate reductase was purified to homogeneity using a two-step affinity chromatography procedure, an NADH:Fe(III)-citrate reductase activity copurified with it and had identical electrophoretic mobility to it. The iron reductase activity was optimum near pH 6.3, had an apparent Km for Fe(III)-citrate of 0.02 mM, and was inhibited by monospecific anti-nitrate reductase rabbit sera. Differential inhibition of the enzyme's activities indicated iron and nitrate were reduced at different sites. In addition to its role in nitrogen assimilation, nitrate reductase catalyzes ferric citrate reduction and could have a role in iron assimilation. PMID- 6684427 TI - Warfarin-induced accumulation of vitamin K-dependent proteins. Comparison between hepatic and non-hepatic tissues. AB - At high concentrations (7.5 mg/kg body weight), coumarin derivatives inhibit the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation reaction in hepatic as well as in non-hepatic tissues. Therapeutically this anti-vitamin K drug is frequently used in 100-fold lower dosages. Under these conditions the production of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver is only partially inhibited. Using the rat as an experimental animal, we could demonstrate, that during a daily intake of these low amounts of warfarin, endogenous substrates for vitamin K-dependent carboxylase accumulate in the lung, spleen and testis in a similar way as they do in liver. Therefore it seems that in vivo the carboxylating enzyme systems in all these tissues are inhibited. It seems plausible, that this effect of warfarin is not restricted to rats, but that it will also occur in patients under anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 6684428 TI - Isolation of glial fibrillary acidic protein from bovine brain white matter and its purification by affinity chromatography on single-stranded DNA-cellulose. AB - Myelinated axons, which had been prepared from bovine brain white matter employing the flotation method, were extracted with Triton X-100 in a low ionic strength buffer containing 4 mM Mg2+. After delipidation of the detergent resistant, residual material with chloroform-methanol, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was solubilized with 6 M urea. It was enriched by ion exchange chromatography in the presence of 6 M urea on CM-Sepharose CL-6B at pH 5 and on DE52-cellulose at pH 7.6, respectively. The final purification was achieved by affinity chromatography on single-stranded DNA-cellulose in 6 M urea. Employing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weight of the purified GFAP was determined to be 51,000. 2D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a major protein constituent of pI 4.7 to 4.8, accompanied by 3 acidic isoelectric variants. Upon incubation at 37 degrees C in the presence of 150 mM KCl, GFAP assembled into 10 nm-filaments. PMID- 6684429 TI - Persistent increase in striatal dopamine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity persists for more than 6 months but disappears after 1 year following withdrawal from 18 months cis-flupenthixol intake. AB - Administration of cis-flupenthixol to rats for 18 months enhanced apomorphine induced stereotyped behaviour, increased the number of specific [3H]spiperone binding sites in striatum and potentiated striatal dopamine stimulated cyclic AMP formation, but did not alter specific [3H]piflutixol binding. Following withdrawal of cis-flupenthixol intake, apomorphine-induced stereotypy returned to control values after 1 month and Bmax for [3H]spiperone binding returned to normal after 3 months. In contrast, the increased dopamine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity remained elevated 6 months after drug removal, but was normal 1 year after drug withdrawal. PMID- 6684430 TI - Articular cartilage collagen and proteoglycans. Their functional interdependency. AB - By use of an in vitro experimental system which permits the observation at high resolution of articular cartilage in a physiologic condition, its biomechanical response to compression was investigated before and after enzymatic digestion of the proteoglycan components with testicular hyaluronidase. The study provides further insight into the functional interplay between the collagen network and the hydrated proteoglycans. Certain structural features associated with age related and osteoarthritic changes occurring in vivo in human articular cartilage were mimicked in the compressive response of the enzymatically digested tissue. PMID- 6684431 TI - [Heterocyclics fused to pyrazine-1,4-dioxide. 3. Synthesis and antibacterial effect of substituted pteridine--5,8-dioxides]. AB - The synthesis of substituted pteridine-5,8-dioxides (6) via reaction of furoxanes (5) with enolizing carbonyl compounds is described. Compounds 5 are obtained either through reaction of chloro pyrimidines 1 with sodium azide, or through diazotization of hydrazino pyrimidine 2 and subsequent thermal decomposition of 3 or through nucleophilic displacement of methoxy against amino groups in 5. The antibacterial activity of the compounds 6a and 6c is directed against some gramnegative organisms, i.e. E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp., with MIC values and ED50 values which do not exceed those of the corresponding pyridol [2,3-b]pyrazine-1,4-dioxides. PMID- 6684433 TI - Comparison of the inotropic potencies of some synthetic and naturally occurring cardiac glycosides using isolated left atrium of guinea pig. AB - The inotropic activity of 19 cardioactive steroids was determined using the electrically driven left atrium of the guinea pig. The compounds tested included five alpha-L-rhamnosides and four alpha-L-thevetosides. These were compared with their related genins and with representative examples of beta-D-glycosides. The study showed that rhamnosides and thevetosides were amongst the most active of all cardiac glycosides. The high activity of these compounds was probably related to the alpha-L-glycoside linkage and the configuration of the 4'-hydroxyl group and the 5'-methyl group. There was a stepwise loss of activity when the hydroxyl groups of the sugars were acetylated. The extent to which rhamnose enhanced the potency of different genins varied with the nature of the genin and ranged from 6 to 35-fold. The great variation in the published values for some of the glycosides tested demonstrates the need to standardize methods for testing cardiac glycosides. PMID- 6684432 TI - [Structure- and conformation-activity relationships of heterocyclic acetylcholine analogs. 17. Conformational behavior and cholinergic properties of arecaidine and sulfoarecaidine esters]. AB - In the course of investigations of structure and conformation-activity relationships of heterocyclic acetylcholine analogues, the tertiary and quaternary methyl esters of arecaidine and the methyl ester of sulfoarecaidine were tested for their cholinergic activities. The conformational behaviour and the electronic structures of these cholinergics were investigated by quantum chemical calculations using Extended Huckel Theory (EHT) and Complete Neglect of Differential Overlap (CNDO/2)methods. The results show that the muscarinic potency of the heterocyclic analogues is dependent on structure and conformational behaviour of the onium center. The divergent charge distribution around the cationic heads of the ammonium and sulfonium derivatives, respectively, as well as differences in the dimensions of the two heterocyclic systems, can not be utilized to explain the differences in muscarinic potency of the arecaidine and sulfoarecaidine methyl esters. PMID- 6684435 TI - [Biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of beta-methyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4 propanenitrile (LU 20,884) in rats. Spectroscopic studies]. AB - Several compounds of comparison have been examined by their spectroscopic behavior in mass-, 1H-NMR- and IR-spectra of the antiphlogistic active beta methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-propanenitrile (LU 20,884). Characteristic fragments of alkyl-substituted biphenyls could be determined as well as the localisation of hydroxylated products in 1H-NMR-spectra. PMID- 6684434 TI - Effects of repeated treatment with sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate in beagle dogs. PMID- 6684436 TI - Corneal lipidosis in rats treated with amphiphilic cationic drugs. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether generalized lipidosis experimentally induced by cationic amphiphilic drugs in rats is regularly associated with lipidotic alterations in the cornea. After chronic oral treatment with chlorphentermine, iprindole, or tamoxifen all animals showed clear lipidosis like alterations in corneal cells. After chronic oral treatment with chloroquine and quinacrine the results were variable and unpredictable; however, consistent lipidosis-like alterations were found when chloroquine was applied locally onto the cornea. The present results show that basically the cornea of rats is involved in drug-induced lipidosis. For toxicological studies it must be kept in mind, however, that the reactions of rat cornea may be unreliable and less marked than in the cornea of human beings. PMID- 6684437 TI - Tissue distribution of coumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin and their 7-hydroxy metabolites following parenteral administration of 14C-labeled compound in the DBA/lac mouse. AB - The time related tissue distributions of coumarin (C), 7-hydroxycoumarin (7HC) and their metabolites were studied in DBA/lac mice following retro-orbital injection of 14C-labeled compound. The activity was determined as dpm/ml or g wet weight over a period of 120 min. C was found in blood, kidney, liver, muscle, brain, heart, lung and fat but not in the testes. Upon C dosing, 7HC was found in kidney, liver and lung; 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide (7HCG) was found in blood, kidney and liver; 7-hydroxycoumarin sulfate (7HCS) was found in the blood, kidney and lung. Unidentified glucuronide and sulfate metabolites were detected in blood, kidney, liver and lung. Two unidentified unconjugated metabolites were detected in the kidney and liver. Unidentified water soluble metabolites were detected in kidney, liver, muscle, heart and testes. Upon 7HC dosing only 7HC, 7HCG and 7HCS were detected in any organ. 7HC and 7HCG were found in blood, kidney, liver, muscle and lung. 7HCS was detected in blood, kidney, liver and lung. Upon both C and 7HC dosing the kidney and liver contained the highest levels of radioactivity. PMID- 6684438 TI - Influence of the antidepressant binodaline on biogenic amine uptake and brain levels in the rat. AB - The influence of 1-(omega-dimethylaminoethylmethyl)-amino-3-phenylindole hydrochloride (binodaline, Sgd-Scha 1059) on the uptake of noradrenaline (norepinephrine, NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) into pre synaptic nerve endings has been studied using purified synaptosomal preparations from various regions of rat brain. Binodaline was found to be an effective inhibitor of biogenic amine uptake the IC50 values being 5.0 X 10(-6) mol/l (NA), 2.3 X 10(-7) mol/l (5-HT) and 1.5 X 10(-6) mol/l (DA). The desmethyl analogue of binodaline (Sgd 20578) also inhibited transmitter uptake into cerebral nerve endings, being more potent than the parent compound in inhibiting NA uptake (8.5 X 10 mol/l), of a similar potency with respect to 5-HT (3.2 X 10(-7) mol/l) and slightly less potent against DA (8.3 X 10(-6) mol/l). Neither binodaline nor the desmethyl derivative was found to influence cerebral levels of NA, 5-HT and DA following acute dosing in rats. Brain concentrations of the related metabolites 5 hydroxyindolacetic acid, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillinic acid were also unchanged. It is concluded that binodaline owes its antidepressant activity at least in part to its ability to inhibit monoamine uptake into pre-synaptic cerebral nerve endings. PMID- 6684439 TI - Microhaemorheological properties of binifibrate. Part I: Experimental studies. AB - The microhaemorheological properties of 3-pyridine carboxylic acid 2-[2-(4 chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl-1-oxopropoxy]-1,3-propanediyl ester (binifibrate, Biniwas), a hypolipidaemic and anti-arteriosclerotic drug composed of two nicotinic radicals and one clofibric radical united by glycerol, were studied. Binifibrate increased passage of a suspension of red blood cells at 80% haematocrit value through filters of 30-40 micron (Teitel's method), and erythrocyte deformability detectable by increase of flow rate through filters of pore size lesser than erythrocyte diameter (Schmid-Schonbein's method). After treatment, resistance to lysis in hypotonic solution is also augmented, indicating that microhaemorheological activity is due to modification of the elastic properties of the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 6684441 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of MEN 935 in human plasma, a highly specific and sensitive analytical method for a new antihypertensive drug. AB - A sensitive and specific HPLC method based on fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of the new antihypertensive agent, 1-[3-[3- [[3 (1-napthoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl]-amino]-3, 3-dimethylpropyl]-2-benzimidazolinone hydrochloride (MEN 935) in human plasma. Selective extraction and back-extraction of the drug and a structurally related internal standard was followed by high performance chromatographic separation on a reversed-phase column. The method was sufficiently sensitive to quantify as little as 0.5 ng of drug/ml of plasma. Experimental tests of accuracy, precision and linearity of the assay are presented. The method was applied to measure plasma concentration time curves in man after single oral doses of 5-50 mg MEN 935. PMID- 6684440 TI - Microhaemorheological properties of binifibrate. Part II: Preliminary open studies in patients with peripheral arteriopathies. AB - 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid 2-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl-1-oxo-propoxy]-1,3 propanediyl ester (binifibrate, Biniwas) an anti-arteriosclerotic and hypolipidaemic agent which showed an effect on microhaemorheological properties during studies in experimental animals (rat and rabbit), was administered to six hyperlipidaemic patients who suffered from circulatory disturbances in the lower limbs. The treatment with binifibrate was applied at a dosage of 3 X 600 mg/day during one month. Both subjective symptoms such as paraesthesia, dysthaesia, coldness at rest and functional weakness of movements were improved, as well as objective symptoms measured by oscillometry. The microhaemorheological analyses demonstrated a positive variation in relative parameters. The correlation between microhaemorheological parameters and clinical symptoms is discussed. PMID- 6684442 TI - [A test model for cerebrally-active drugs as demonstrated by the example of the new substance aniracetam]. AB - 1-Anisoyl-2-pyrrolidinone (aniracetam, Ro 13-5057) belongs to the group of cyclic GABA-derivatives. The compound showed a protective effect on the central nervous system in animal experiments. This paper reports on a clinical investigation in 60 patients of a geriatric and nursing home. The resocializing and the revitalizing effect were the observed parameters. The criteria were recorded by the physician and the staff. The results show that the evaluations by physicians and nursing staff were in good accordance. Aniracetam was effective with respect to the indication: cerebrovascular insufficiency. PMID- 6684443 TI - The beneficial effect of nicardipine compared with nifedipine and verapamil in limiting myocardial infarct size in baboons. PMID- 6684444 TI - Hemodynamic effects of nisoldipine in chronic congestive heart failure. AB - The hemodynamic effects of 10 and 20 mg isobutyl methyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl 4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinecarboxylate (nisoldipine, Bay k 5552) p.o. were studied in 15 patients with chronic congestive heart failure due to ischemic heart disease or cardiomyopathy. The dose of 10 mg elicited only a decrease of pulmonary wedge pressure during exercise, all other parameters remained unaffected. After 20 mg nisoldipine arterial blood pressure was reduced already at rest. During exercise, arterial as well as pulmonary artery and wedge pressures were significantly reduced. Heart rate remained unaffected and cardiac index increased slightly. It is concluded, that nisoldipine improves the hemodynamic situation in chronic congestive heart failure by simultaneously reducing cardiac pre- and afterload. PMID- 6684445 TI - [Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric determinations of indomethacin serum levels in the course of pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers]. AB - For 4 different brands of indomethacin preparations the in vitro dissolution data as well as their relative bioavailabilities were determined. The in vitro tests were performed by the rotating basket method; the quantitative determinations of the serum-levels were determined by an gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay employing registration of the characteristic selected ion current profiles of the compound. Furthermore a special method for synthesis of the needed internal standard was also developed. The in-vivo-studies - with 15 volunteers in a 4 fold crossover-showed - in contrast to the worse in-vitro-dissolution of one preparation - bioequivalency of all four preparations. Our results clearly show that statements on in-vitro/in-vivo correlations have to be cautious. PMID- 6684446 TI - Urinary tract infections in the aged: improvement with thymostimulin. AB - 30 aged patients, with chronic urinary tract infections, were treated with a thymus extract (thymostimulin, TP-1 Serono), in combination with antibiotic therapy, according to the antibiogram data, or with antibiotic therapy alone. When thymus extracts were added to the treatment, an improvement of the clinical course of the disease was observed and the severity and duration of the subjective symptoms such as strangury, dysuria, and pollakiuria, were reduced. The two groups of patients presented no modifications of the febrile patterns, nor persistence in or recovery from infection after 30 days of treatment, but especially after 90 days, the frequency of reinfections or the persistence of infections were markedly reduced. During treatment with thymostimulin, there was an evident increase in the cellular immunity tests (T-lymphocytes, rosettes, PHA) as compared with the immunodepression found before treatment. PMID- 6684447 TI - [Clinical trial of febuprol, a new substance with choleretic activity. Study of efficacy and tolerability]. AB - In a clinical trial, performed according to new criteria of the AMG (Arzneimittelgesetz) 1976, a new choleretic monosubstance 3-n-butoxy-1-phenoxy-2 propanol (code number: K 10.033, H 33, febuprol, Valbil) has been tested. The clinical investigations conducted on 712 healthy volunteers and patients within a period of 4 years showed that Valbil is an effective and safe drug. Besides the choleretic properties, febuprol has some additional spasmolytic and lipid lowering effects. PMID- 6684448 TI - [A new model for objective measurement and quantification of the effects of topical anti-inflammatory agents]. AB - A new model is presented with aid of which the antiinflammatory effect of topically administered substances can be measured. The basic measuring device is a reflex densitometer with mobile measuring head that can determine the redness of the tesa-film stripped skin directly without photographical intermediaries. The relevance of the model is demonstrated by the healing curve exhibited by the stripped skin which has been treated with a fluprednylidene acetate containing cream. PMID- 6684449 TI - [Inhibition of basal acid secretion by trimethyldesoxy-prostaglandin E2 in humans]. AB - The effect of graded oral doses of trimethyldesoxy-prostaglandin E2 (Ro 21-6937) on basal acid secretion in healthy volunteers was tested over a time period of 6 h. Basal acid output was reduced by 80% after 1500 micrograms Ro 21-6937. Half maximal inhibition was achieved by 700 micrograms Ro 21-6937. 250 micrograms of this prostaglandin E2 analog showed no detectable antisecretory activity. PMID- 6684450 TI - CDP-choline: physico-chemical characteristics. PMID- 6684451 TI - Cytidine diphosphate choline (citicoline, Somazina). PMID- 6684452 TI - Study of the effects of oral administration of CDP-choline on EEG changes and lethality induced by epidural compression in the anaesthetised cat. AB - The effects of repeated oral administration of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP choline, citicoline, Somazina) and vehicle on the EEG changes induced by epidural brain compression have been studied in the anaesthetised cat. The effects on arterial pressure and heart rate were also monitored. CDP-Choline-treated cats exhibited a statistically significant increase in resistance to the effects of mechanical compression of the brain when compared with the vehicle-treated group. In addition the onset of abnormal EEG waveforms occurred at greater levels of brain compression in drug-treated cats. CDP-Choline also imparted protection against the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of brain compression; animals were apparently less susceptible to cardiac and respiratory failure under the influence of the test compound. A statistically significant protection against the lethal effects of epidural compression was also noted in CDP-choline treated cats. It may be concluded that repeated oral treatment with CDP-Choline provides an apparent protection against the effects of acute mechanical compression of the brain. PMID- 6684453 TI - Dissimilar effects in acute toxicity studies of CDP-choline and choline. AB - The LD50 and LD0 of choline HCl and cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) by oral and intravenous route at equivalent doses of choline for both compounds were determined. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results obtained lead to the conclusion that choline shows a remarkable cholinergic action, while CDP-choline both orally and intravenously does not cause any cholinergic intoxication in the treated groups, like those recorded for choline administration. It should be emphasized that when the quantity of choline contained in CDP-choline administered was identical to that of choline with which the animal group was treated showing signs of cholinergic crisis, the animals corresponding to CDP-choline did not show any of these symptoms. Objective evaluation showed that CDP-choline by oral and intravenous route does not behave like a choline groups donator, at least not with an intensity which would make us believe that its only action was due to the increased levels of choline; this proves that CDP-choline administration yields clearly differentiated metabolic consequences from those yielded by choline administration. PMID- 6684454 TI - Effect of oral CDP-choline on experimental withdrawal syndrome. AB - The effect of an oral treatment with cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) on experimental withdrawal syndrome is studied. Two different methods have been used and both of them resulted in a decreasing intensity of withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 6684455 TI - Pharmacological study of CDP-choline. Protection against toxicity in a model of experimental hypoxia. AB - The influence of oral cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) on the experimental toxicity induced by potassium cyanide is investigated. Animals receiving a preventive treatment with CDP-choline were protected. PMID- 6684456 TI - Study on the protection of CDP-choline against nicotine intoxication. AB - Cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) was orally administered to a group of mice at a dose of 1 g/kg for 4 days. Simultaneously, another group of mice were treated under similar conditions with 0.25% agar suspension. Then, animals were distributed into subgroups of 10 mice each and intravenous increasing doses of nicotine bitartrate were administered. By comparing the toxicity induced by nicotine in the animals receiving CDP-choline with that in animals receiving agar solution, a remarkable difference of the LD50 was observed between both groups. PMID- 6684458 TI - Effect of oral CDP-choline on acrylamide-induced lesion. AB - Administration of low doses of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) (50 mg/kg) to mice and rats has proved to be effective in preventing acrylamide-induced neurological syndrome. Likewise, the simultaneous dosing of both drugs, which causes an evident loss of weight in the animals, has demonstrated that an activation on the dopaminergic system is produced. PMID- 6684457 TI - Pharmacological study of oral CDP-choline. Interaction with oxotremorine on the parasympathetic system. AB - The efficacy of an oral treatment of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) is studied with reference to the effects on parasympathetic stimulation provoked by oxotremorine administration in mice. A decrease in sialorrhea, diarrhea and induced hypothermia is observed. PMID- 6684459 TI - CDP-choline: acute toxicity study. AB - The acute toxicity of a single dose of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) by different administration routes in mice and rats has been studied. LD50 values were determined according to the cumulative method by Reed-Muench for mortality rate, and Pizzi's method for calculation of standard error. PMID- 6684460 TI - Study of subacute toxicity of CDP-choline after 30 days of oral administration to rats. AB - Two groups of rats were administered by oral route doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg, respectively, of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline citicoline, Somazina), daily during 30 days. At the end of the test, animals were killed and necropsied, evaluating the urinary, haematological, serum biochemistry and histopathological parameters. The study did not reveal any signs of toxicity. PMID- 6684461 TI - CDP-choline: 6-month study on toxicity in dogs. AB - A single oral dose of 1.5 g/kg cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) was administered to 6 Beagle dogs daily for 6 months. After treatment period, treated animals as well as control animals were sacrificed and assessment of urinalysis, blood analysis and histopathological studies were made. Results were found within normal ranges--involving slight changes due to individual variability. It can therefore be concluded that CDP-choline does not cause any toxic effects under the chosen experimental conditions. PMID- 6684462 TI - Action of CDP-choline by intraduodenal route on rat cardiorespiratory system. AB - The influence of an acute treatment with cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP choline, citicoline, Somazina) by intraduodenal route on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters in anesthetized rats is studied. No differences as compared with controls were observed in heart and respiratory rates. The values in arterial pressure and respiratory flow for CDP-choline groups were observed to be near the basal values. The inspiratory flow shows a statistically significant difference (approaching basal values) as compared with the decrease in controls. PMID- 6684463 TI - Bioavailability of methyl-14C CDP-choline by oral route. AB - In this work, the bioavailability of the 14C-methyl-labelled cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-Choline, citicoline, Somazina), has been studied by oral route, leading to the result that it is slowly and completely absorbed, with a very low urinary and fecal elimination, thus producing maintained blood levels. The bioavailability related to oral route compared with intravenous route is practically the same. PMID- 6684464 TI - Radioactivity incorporation into different cerebral phospholipids after oral administration of 14C methyl CDP-choline. AB - Oral administration of 14C methyl CDP-choline in Sprague-Dawley rats provided the following data: --Radioactivity from cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) is found in the brain at a high rate. --62.8% of total radioactivity measured in the brain is found as a part of phospholipids. --This radioactivity is detected by the labelling of phosphatidyl-choline and endogenous sphingomyelin from CDP-choline. This suggests that CDP-choline by oral administration has effects on the synthesis of basic phospholipids being essential for the structure and function of the cellular membrane. PMID- 6684465 TI - Low-resolution autoradiography in rat brain after administering labelled CDP choline. AB - 14C-Methyl labelled cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) at a dose of 10 microCi has been administered orally to rats. Half of animals were sacrificed at 5 h, and other half at 24 h after administration. Autoradiography preparations of brain were isolated according to a relevant method for optical microscopy examination. Extra- and intracellular distribution of the drug after different unlabelling times has been studied. The intracellular radioactivity was checked 24 h after administration. PMID- 6684466 TI - High-resolution autoradiography in mouse brain 24 h after radiolabelled CDP choline administration. AB - A group of mice was given 10 microCi/animal of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP choline, citicoline, Somazina) (methyl 14C). Animals were sacrificed 24 h after administration and their brains isolated for electron microscopy and autoradiography. The main purpose of the present study was to examine the intracellular distribution of the drug and its possible specificity site in specific organelles and cellular structures. While a large quantity of radioactivity appeared in cellular membranes, no selectivity was in its distribution thus being detected in several cellular organelles and free hyaloplasm. PMID- 6684467 TI - High-resolution autoradiography in mouse brain and cerebellum 10 days after radiolabelled CDP-choline administration. AB - A dose of 5 microCi of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) (methyl 14C) was administered to mice. Animals were sacrificed 10 days after administration and their brain and cerebellum isolated for autoradiography and electron microscopy. Sections were prepared in such a manner that a general topographic assignment of radioactivity distribution to different layers and brain structures could be made. Regarding the intracellular distribution of the different cellular types observed, Purkinje's cells exhibited in a density of focus emission higher than the others. PMID- 6684468 TI - CDP-choline: repeated oral dose tolerance studies in adult healthy volunteers. AB - Cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) was administered to 12 adult healthy volunteer subjects in two short-term chronic oral dose regimens (600 mg X day-1 and 1g X day-1), each of 5 consecutive days, and compared with a corresponding regimen of matched placebo. Transient headaches were the only untoward events recorded, occurring in 4 and 5 subjects, respectively, on the lower and higher dose regimens but in only one subject during placebo administration. PMID- 6684469 TI - Treatment of chronic dyskinesia with CDP-choline. AB - Ten patients older than 60 years suffering from tardive dyskinesia consecutive to a long-term treatment with neuroleptics were included in a study with the scope to check the efficacy of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) in these disorders. The drug was administered for four weeks at daily doses of 500-1200 mg. The evaluations of the symptomatology carried out with the Simpson's abbreviated scale, showed statistically significant reductions between the beginning and the end of the treatment. The tolerance of the drug was satisfactory. PMID- 6684470 TI - Efficacy and safety of oral CDP-choline. Drug surveillance study in 2817 cases. AB - A drug surveillance study has been carried out with oral cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) in 2817 patients of all ages, predominating those between 60 and 80 years old. They were suffering from several neurological processes, mainly the vasculocerebral insufficiency and senile involution. Treatment was carried out for between 15 days and 2 months, the mean dose being 6 ml/d. The efficacy of the treatment was determined on the basis of the disappearance, improvement or worsening of clinical manifestations, most frequently shown by patients. The most benefited clinical manifestations by the treatment were: dizziness disappearing in 48.4% of the cases, and improving in 25.2%, cephalea disappearing in 46.5% and improving in 26.7%, insomnia with 38.6% and 24.9%, respectively; depression with 36.9% and 24.1% and memory shortage with 21.2% and 44.7% respectively. The best results were obtained in chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency, the improvements obtained in dizziness, cephalea, insomnia, fatigue and speech troubles being the most important. The safety of the drug was excellent since side effects were observed only in 5.01% of the patients. Among these effects, the most frequently seen were digestive troubles, observed in 3.6% of the cases. PMID- 6684471 TI - Behavior of rhesus monkeys during 28-day cycles of estrogen treatment. AB - Sixteen ovariectomized rhesus monkeys were paired, each with two males, during thirty-two 28-day periods during which they received one or more of the following schedules of daily injections: (a) different mixtures of estradiol benzoate, progesterone, and testosterone propionate (artificial menstrual cycles), (b) the doses of estradiol benzoate given in artificial cycles but without the other hormones (cyclic estradiol regimens), and (c) appropriate control treatments (625 one-hour behavioral tests). Hormone doses were adjusted to give plasma levels in the physiological range (335 blood samples). Measures of male sexual activity during artificial cycles and during cyclic estradiol regimens showed significant cyclic changes, but these changes were indistinguishable from each other. In four females studied in an operant conditioning paradigm, there was a midcycle dip in the times taken to obtain access to males during the cyclic estradiol regimens. The data indicated that the estrogen state of the female plays a preponderant role in determining the cyclic changes in the behavioral interactions of the pair independently of the effects of other ovarian hormones. PMID- 6684472 TI - The sex hormone profile of male patients with breast cancer. AB - The mean total serum oestradiol level was found to be significantly increased in 8 patients with carcinoma of the breast when compared with 8 healthy reference subjects matched for race, sex and age. The calculated mean free oestradiol index was also higher in these patients. There were no significant differences, however, between the levels of LH, FSH, prolactin. DHEA-S, testosterone and SHGB in the 2 groups. The patients showed a significantly increased LH response to GnRH while there was no difference in the FSH response. Only 1/7 patients had a tumour devoid of steroid hormone receptors. It may be that an increased level of circulating oestradiol-17 beta is an important factor in the aetiology of hormone dependent male breast cancer. PMID- 6684473 TI - Sex hormone-binding globulin and saliva testosterone levels in men with androgenetic alopecia. AB - Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), plasma testosterone and saliva testosterone were measured in sixty-four men with androgenetic alopecia and in forty males within the same age range without alopecia. There was a significant reduction in SHBG levels in bald men, compared with controls. Plasma testosterone levels were not raised in bald men, but their salivary testosterone levels were significantly higher than in controls. PMID- 6684474 TI - Loss of promyelocytic maturation in HL60 sublines: a potential model for leukaemia progression. AB - The majority of cells of the human leukaemic line HL60 appear to be promyelocytes which can be stimulated to mature into functioning neutrophils. We report here the derivation of stable subclones from the parent line which differ. Two forms of variant were obtained: (1) those with a defined lesion, selected by resistance to kill by 6-thioguanine, which matured in the presence of DMSO and retinoic acid but not in hypoxanthine. They also continued to express peroxidase and a major granulocyte antigen, and (2) those obtained by clonal growth in DMSO which did not mature in the presence of any compound tested including hypoxanthine, DMSO, retinoic acid and actinomycin D and lacked granules, peroxidase and the granulocyte antigen. The concurrent loss of the characteristic of maturability and the phenotype of myeloid commitment suggests that the control of the two phenomena may be related. These variant cell lines provide a useful model in which to study how human leukaemic cells may become arrested in less differentiated stages of development. PMID- 6684475 TI - The relationship between human spleen and blood erythroid burstforming units (BFU E). AB - The influence of splenectomy on erythroid burst colony formation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 patients (four with hereditary spherocytosis, two with beta-thalassaemia major, two with Hodgkin's disease and two with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura) was studied. In every instance splenectomy was followed by a lowering of blood BFU-E. The post-splenectomy levels ranged from 0 to 30% of the preoperative levels. Mononuclear cells from the spleens of eight patients were cultured and found to contain numerous BFU-E. The total quantity of BFU-E in the whole blood and in the spleen of the patients was generally of the same order of magnitude. The number of splenic BFU-E did not correlate with spleen size. Splenic BFU-E differed from peripheral blood BFU-E in that they were more sensitive to erythropoietin (Ep) and in that they failed to respond to burst promoting activity (BPA) produced by preincubating the spleen mononuclear cells with phytohaemagglutinin M (PHA). In contrast, media conditioned by PHA-treated spleen cells contained BPA active on peripheral blood BFU-E from normal individuals. These data suggest that the spleen may have an influence on the numbers and functional properties of BFU-E. PMID- 6684476 TI - Congenital idiopathic nystagmus in identical twins. AB - Using an infrared recording system we examined the nystagmus waveforms of a pair of monozygotic twin girls and found them to be dissimilar. It is proposed that in view of the common mode of inheritance the differences are a result of environmental influences. PMID- 6684477 TI - The influence of dietary tea, coffee and cocoa on protein and energy utilization of soya-bean meal and barley in rats. AB - Two series of balance experiments were performed with growing rats to test the effect of black tea, green tea, coffee and cocoa on protein and energy utilization. In Expt 1 soya-bean meal was fed as a basal diet and supplemented with freeze-dried materials from 11 black tea, green tea or coffee/500 g dry matter. Cocoa powder, corresponding to 11 of the beverage, was also added to the basal diet. In Expt 2 the procedure was repeated with a barley-based diet. In both experiments both tea varieties and coffee had significantly negative effects on true protein digestibility and biological value, while digestible energy was only slightly affected in the barley-based diet. Cocoa had no effect on protein or energy utilization in either soya-bean meal or barley diets, although the protein in cocoa powder was completely indigestible. As the tannin concentration in both tea varieties and coffee was very high it is assumed that the observed deleterious effects might, in part, be explained by anti-nutritional effects of tannin. The strongest deleterious effect was recorded for black tea. PMID- 6684478 TI - Interaction of apolipoprotein B from human serum low-density lipoprotein with egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. AB - Binary and ternary complexes of apolipoprotein B (apo B) with egg yolk lecithin and with lecithin plus cholesterol have been formed from detergent-lipid-protein mixed micelles. These particles appear to be spherical by negative-stain electron microscopy and contain 510 000 g of protein (2 mol of apo B) complexed with apparent maximum molar ratios of 780:2 (egg yolk lecithin:apo B) and 1300:280:2 (egg yolk lecithin:cholesterol:apo B). The secondary structure as reflected in the circular dichroic spectra is similar to that of holo-LDL2 when only lecithin is bound, but is significantly altered when cholesterol is also present in the complex, suggesting that the molecular organization of the ternary complex formed in the absence of neutral lipids is significantly different from that of the native lipoprotein. A part of the protein (presumably uncharged) has to be incorporated with the lipid acyl chains in a hydrophobic "core" of the spherical particle. However, the relative amounts of apo B exposed to the aqueous solvent and to the hydrophobic interior of the recombined particles depend on the lipid content and also appear to differ from those in LDL2. The results suggest that the manner in which apo B folds is continuously variable, a result consistent with its ability to bind varying amounts of lipid in vivo. PMID- 6684479 TI - Lectin receptors on the plasma membrane of soybean cells. Binding and lateral diffusion of lectins. AB - Protoplasts prepared from suspension cultures of root cells of Glycine max (SB-1 cell line) bound soybean agglutinin (SBA), concanavalin A (Con A), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Binding studies carried out with 125I-labeled SBA, Con A, and WGA showed that these interactions were saturable and specific. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated uniform membrane labeling. The mobility of the lectin receptor complexes was measured by fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching. The diffusion constants (D) for SBA and Con A were 5 X 10(-11) and 7 X 10(-11) cm2/s, respectively. In contrast, WGA yielded a diffusion constant of 3 X 10(-10) cm2/s. Pretreatment of the protoplasts with either SBA or Con A resulted in a 6-fold reduction in the mobility of WGA (D congruent to 5 X 10(-11) cm2/s). The results suggest that the binding of SBA or Con A may lead to alterations of the soybean plasma membrane which, in turn, may restrict the mobility of other receptors. PMID- 6684480 TI - Effect of temperature on kinetics of hexose uptake by human placental plasma membrane vesicles. AB - Initial rates of passive and carrier-mediated D-galactose and D-glucose uptake were measured in membrane vesicles derived from the maternal surface of the human placental syncytiotrophoblast. Passive diffusion, as measured by L-glucose uptake, was slightly and continuously temperature-sensitive over a range 0-40 degrees C (Q10 = 1.1). Below approx. 26 degrees C, passive diffusion measured by D-galactose uptake in the presence of the inhibitor, cytochalasin B, was quantitatively similar to L-glucose uptake. Above this temperature, however, cytochalasin B appeared not to be as effective an inhibitor of carrier-mediated uptake. The initial rates of D-galactose carrier-mediated transport, generated at low concentration (10 microM) were very temperature-sensitive and yielded a non linear Arrhenius plot. An Arrhenius plot of Vmax, generated with higher concentrations, was linear. The linearity of the Vmax Arrhenius plot, in conjunction with the high cholesterol content of this membrane preparation, suggests that a membrane lipid phase transition is not responsible for the non linearity of the low concentration Arrhenius plot. A discontinuous temperature sensitivity of the interaction between D-galactose and the hexose transport system, as reflected by a marked sensitivity in Km, appears responsible for the non-linearity in this Arrhenius plot. PMID- 6684481 TI - Identification of a site in fibrin(ogen) which is involved in the acceleration of plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator. AB - The rate of activation of plasminogen by tissue-type plasminogen activator is greatly increased by fibrin, but not by fibrinogen. A possible explanation for this phenomenon could be that conformational changes take place during the transformation of fibrinogen to fibrin which lead to exposure of sites involved in the accelerated plasmin formation. This is also supported by our recent observation that some enzymatically prepared fragments of fibrinogen and fibrin (D EGTA, D-dimer, Y) and also CNBr fragment 2 from fibrinogen have this property. CNBr fragment 2 consists of amino acid residues A alpha (148-207), B beta (191 224) + (225-242) + (243-305) and gamma 95-265, kept together by disulphide bonds. In order to study the localization of a stimulating site within this structure we purified the chain remnants of CNBr fragment 2 after reduction and carboxymethylation, and found that only A alpha 148-207 was stimulating. This was further confirmed by digesting pure A alpha-chains with CNBr and purifying the resulting A alpha-chain fragments. CNBr digests of B beta- and gamma-chains were not stimulatory. The A alpha-chain remnant (residues 111-197) in D EGTA and D dimer also comprise the major part (residues A alpha 148-197) of the CNBr A alpha chain fragment. We conclude that a site capable of accelerating the plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator preexists in fibrinogen, that this site becomes exposed upon fibrin formation or disruption of fibrinogen by plasmin or CNBr and that this site is within the stretch A alpha 148-197, which is retained in the A alpha-chain remnants of fibrinogen degradation products. PMID- 6684482 TI - Hepatic lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial susceptibility to peroxidative attacks during ethanol inhalation and withdrawal. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to increasing concentrations (15-22 mg/l) of ethanol vapor over a 4-day period. The hepatic lipid peroxide level as well as the sensitivity of mitochondria and microsomes to peroxidative attacks were studied during the early stage of alcohol intoxication, at the end of the inhalation period and, finally, during withdrawal. The level of hepatic lipid peroxide started to increase significantly after the first day of ethanol inhalation, whereas the in vitro mitochondrial sensitivity to peroxidation induced by ADP X Fe3+ in the presence of an O(2)-generating system was still unaltered after a 2-day inhalation period. Both the hepatic peroxide level and the mitochondrial sensitivity to peroxidation were significantly enhanced at the end of the 4-day inhalation period. Such an enhancement was still apparent 24 h after withdrawal, a time at which no more ethanol was present in the blood. Lipid peroxidation returned to normal values only 48 h after withdrawal. Microsomes were less affected than mitochondria by the ethanol treatment. It is suggested that the alterations of lipid peroxidation are related to the presence and/or the metabolism of ethanol at an early stage of inhalation, whereas changes in the membrane structure would be responsible for the maintenance of enhanced lipid peroxidation 24 h after ethanol withdrawal. PMID- 6684483 TI - Study of the carbohydrate moiety of human serum sex hormone-binding globulin. AB - Sex hormone-binding globulin from human blood serum contains two biantennary N linked oligosaccharide chains of the N-acetyllactosamine type and one O-linked oligosaccharide per one molecule of the glycoprotein. These conclusions have been based on the results of methylation analysis of the whole glycoprotein and investigation of the structures of its glycopeptides prepared using pronase digestion. PMID- 6684485 TI - [Ethological approach in the study of aggressive behavior in monkeys]. AB - The aggressive behavior of 7 species of monkeys has been investigated. The definition of aggressive behavior has been suggested. The elements have been classified into three groups: warning, conflicting, contacting. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of behavior permitting to determine the level of its development in representatives of different species have been proposed. The general principles of development of aggression such as the prevalence of the warning elements and its frequency, the curtailment of aggressive behavior etc. have been revealed. The differences in the aggressive behavioral characteristics are found to be specific and may be used in primate Taxonomy. PMID- 6684484 TI - [Formation of malondialdehyde during liposome interaction with cells]. AB - When AKE cells and leukocytes interact with egg lecithin liposomes malone dialdehyde (MDA) is formed and accumulated in the incubation medium. When synthetic dipalmitoyl--lecithin is used and at heat or hypotonic cell damage the rate of MDA accumulation abruptly decreases. The maximal rate of MDA accumulation in case of natural lecithin is (1.25 +/- 0.05) . 10(-15) mole of MDA per cell/hour. It is suggested that the sources of MDA are higher unsaturated fat acids of natural liposomal lipids, whose oxidation is performed by intact cells, possibly with the participation of active forms of oxygen. PMID- 6684486 TI - Exercise reverses photoperiodic anestrus in golden hamsters. AB - In contrast to the inhibitory effects of endurance exercise on reproductive function in women athletes, voluntary running induces estrous cyclicity in anestrous female hamsters maintained in the nonstimulatory short-day photoperiod. Increased concentrations of circulating prolactin (Prl) seen in these animals are not responsible for the reversal of photoperiodic anestrus as demonstrated by experimental manipulations of prolactin secretion. Voluntary running also facilitates growth hormone (GH) release and somatic growth in hamsters independently of the photoperiod. Thus, it appears that endurance exercise can have facilitatory as well as inhibitory effects on the reproductive function in female mammals. PMID- 6684487 TI - Deciduoma formation in persistent estrous rats produced by neonatal androgenization. PMID- 6684489 TI - Spectrophotometric method for the quantitative analysis of carbarsone in turkey feed. PMID- 6684488 TI - [Disorders in brain levels of macroergic substances during chronic stress and their correction by psychotropic agents]. AB - The content of adenylic nucleotides (ATP, ADP and AMP) in different structures of the rat brain (cortex, limbic system, medulla oblongata) was studied in experimental chronic stress (anxiety) as was its correction with psychotropic agents--the derivatives of different chemical compounds. Stress was shown to lead to a dramatic decrease in the content of macroergic constituents in an excess catabolic stage, largely at the expense of ATP, thereby reducing the adenylate charge. These changes were the most demonstrable in the limbic system. The medulla oblongata was little responsive to stress in this stage. Prophylactic administrations of the tranquilizers exerted a pronounced stress-protective action and made the content of macroergic constituents return to normal. GABA and nicotinic acid derivatives had the highest therapeutic effect. PMID- 6684491 TI - The milk ejection pathway in brain studied with the 2-deoxyglucose method. AB - The neural pathways involved in the milk ejection reflex have been studied with the aid of the 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) method. All the experiments were carried out on Wistar female rats, 9-11 days post-partum, which had been separated from their pups (except for one) overnight. The effect of suckling on the relative metabolic activity (RMA) of the brain was studied in conscious rats and in rats anaesthetized with urethane. Control animals were similarly treated but were not suckled. In addition, the effect of mammary nerve stimulation on RMA was studied in animals anaesthetized with urethane; sham-operated animals served as controls for this group. Suckling (minimum of 10 pups) in conscious animals had no apparent effect on the RMA of any of the brain areas measured. However, in anaesthetized rats, suckling produced a significant increase in the RMA of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei (PVN and SON), but had no effect on the RMA of any other brain area or the pituitary gland. Stimulation of the mammary nerve, with a stimulus that causes milk ejection and an increase in prolactin release, produced a significant increase in the RMA of the PVN, SON, the pars distalis and pars nervosa and the spinothalamic tract, and a significant decrease in the ventromedial and mediodorsal nuclei of the thalamus, the zona incerta, the red nucleus and the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. These results show that suckling significantly increases the metabolic activity of afferent terminals in the PVN and SON. Activation of the cell bodies of the PVN and SON, as assessed by increased RMA of the pituitary gland, could be evoked by the more intense stimulus of mammary nerve stimulation. The ascending pathway from the mammary nerve involves the spinothalamic tract but could not be traced beyond the midbrain. The lack of effect of suckling in conscious animals may have been due to the inhibitory influence of stress mediated by forebrain structures. PMID- 6684492 TI - Topographic distribution of progestin target cells in hamster brain and pituitary after injection of [3H]R5020. AB - The topographic distribution of progestin concentrating cells in the female hamster brain and pituitary was studied by thaw-mount autoradiography. Fifteen minutes after injection of [3H]R5020, a synthetic progestin, nuclear uptake and concentration of radioactivity was found in certain cells of the forebrain and midbrain, as well as in the anterior pituitary. Competition studies with unlabeled R5020 abolished and with progesterone reduced the nuclear uptake of radioactivity. In the forebrain, radioactively labeled cells are observed in n. septi lateralis, n. interstitialis striae terminalis, n. preopticus medialis and lateralis, n. periventricularis hypothalami, organum subfornicale, n. arcuatus hypothalami, n. ventromedialis hypothalami, n. dorsomedialis hypothalami and n. premammillaris ventralis. In the midbrain a few labeled cells are found in the griseum centrale. In the anterior pituitary, labeled cells are identified by immunostaining as luteinizing hormone-producing cells. The results of the autoradiographic study demonstrate nuclear progestin binding sites and suggest genomic action of progestin on the labeled structures, probably related to the modulation of gonadotropin secretion and sexual behavior in the brain and pituitary. PMID- 6684490 TI - Presynaptic tyrosine availability in the phenylketonuric brain: a hypothetical evaluation. AB - From measured effects of amino acids on synaptosomal tyrosine uptake and from published data on human CNS levels of amino acids hypothetical calculations were made to compare CNS tyrosine availability for catecholamine synthesis in the hyperphenylalaninemic and non-hyperphenylalaninemic condition. These calculations indicate an approximately two-fold reduction in the availability of tyrosine in phenylketonuria that is due solely to a reduction in CNS tyrosine alone. PMID- 6684493 TI - In vivo metabolic activity of the suprachiasmatic nuclei: a comparative study. AB - In vivo glucose utilization was measured in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the rat, monkey, and cat using the 14C-labeled deoxyglucose technique. SCN metabolic activity in all species was endogenously rhythmic with high levels during the subjective daylight portion of the 24 h day. Such phase conservation across night-, day-, and randomly-active species is in agreement with formal analyses of the properties of entrainable circadian oscillators, and our data suggest that the biochemical processes which underlie the activity of this circadian clock are similar in mammals with differing patterns of expressed circadian rhythmicity. PMID- 6684495 TI - Effects of vision-restricting "polypeepers" on the behaviour of laying hens during adaptation, feeding, on general activity, agonistic behaviour and pecking damage. AB - Vision-restricting "polypeepers" have been reported to result in higher egg production with improved food utilisation in hens. In the present experiments behavioural explanations of these effects were sought. For detailed observations 128 White Leghorn X Black Australorp hens were used and for pecking damage comparisons a further 192 hens. Half were fitted with polypeepers. Birds were studied in individual cages, three-bird cages or deep litter pens by direct observation and cine-camera. Adjustment problems in feeding, stereotypic head shaking and protracted displacement neck preening occurred initially after fitting of polypeepers. Disappearance of these phenomena after about one month, however, indicated adaptation. The initial reduction of egg production associated with polypeepers, observed by others, coincided with the period of adaptation. Polypeepers resulted in less activity; birds in multiple cages and litter pens resting more, while in single cages body movement was reduced. Polypeepers caused faster eating and less wastage of both pellets and mash. In general, agonistic acts were greatly reduced in multiple cages, resulting in reduced feeding competition. Polypeepers reduced significantly the incidence of feather pecking, resulting in considerably less feather loss after three months, and more so after 14 months in lay. Over the study as a whole the reductions in activity, food spillage, agonistic behaviour and feather damage probably contribute to the lower food consumption and improved laying efficiency previously reported. PMID- 6684494 TI - Blood proteins and amino acids of female breeder turkeys fed on maize-soybean diets supplemented with methionine. AB - Two hundred and six female breeder turkeys were fed on maize-soybean diets of equal energy content, containing 100, 120 or 140 g crude protein (CP)/kg to which DL-methionine was added at 0, 1, 2 or 3 g/kg diet in a factorial design. Serum albumin concentrations were found to be more sensitive measures of dietary protein adequacy than were total serum protein concentrations. Albumin concentrations at peak egg production were highest among birds fed on 120 and 140 g CP/kg diets. Four weeks later, they were highest only for those on the 140 g CP/kg diet. The elevated concentrations of blood threonine and lysine and the decreased concentration of glycine with increased dietary protein were in agreement with the data on egg production. These data suggested that a sub optimal balance of dietary amino acids may have occurred. PMID- 6684496 TI - The kinin system and ovulation: changes in plasma kininogens, and in kinin forming enzymes in the ovaries and blood of rats with 4-day estrous cycles. AB - Rats with 4-day estrous cycles showed a 51% fall in plasma kininogen in early proestrus (1200-1500). Levels remained depressed throughout ovulation, and then recovered steadily. The initial fall corresponded well with the LH surge. Initial attempts were made to detect enzymes which might be responsible for the change. Kinin-forming enzymes, in either precursor or active forms, were absent from the ovaries in diestrus, but appeared at the onset of the fall in kininogen (kinin forming activity, 2.87 +/- 0.83 ng bradykinin (BK) equiv. X g wet tissue-1 X min 1). They rose 10-fold just before ovulation, and then declined rapidly. This major peak, and a corresponding one in plasma, may have reflected the presence of follicular proteases. Plasma kinin-forming enzymes showed no apparent change when the kininogen first declined. They then disappeared, suggesting a more delayed activation and destruction. It seems possible that LH induces kinin-forming enzymes in the ovaries, and induces a later activation of plasma enzymes, to produce kinins which may be involved in vascular and permeability changes important in ovulation, and perhaps concerned in the mechanisms of positive feed back with the pituitary. PMID- 6684498 TI - Sanitizing the tropics: the role of public housing, water treatment, sanitary inspection, and vector control in keeping Singapore healthy. PMID- 6684497 TI - Effect of temperature, duration of incubation, and pH of enrichment culture on the recovery of Campylobacter jejuni from eviscerated market chickens. AB - To establish an enrichment system of high efficiency for recovery of Campylobacter jejuni from market chickens, the effects of the temperature, duration of incubation, and pH of the enrichment culture on the isolation of the bacterium were evaluated. Whole chickens or chicken parts in plastic bags were individually rinsed, and the washings filtered through cheesecloth. The cells were separated from the washings by centrifugation, and the pellet was inoculated into 100 mL of enrichment broth. Isolation of C. jejuni from poultry samples was significantly increased by incubating these samples in an enrichment medium at 42 degrees C as opposed to 35 degrees C; for 48 h as opposed to 24 h or 72 h; and at pH 7.0 as opposed to pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.5, or 8.0. PMID- 6684499 TI - Responsiveness of metastatic basal-cell carcinoma to chemotherapy. A case report. AB - Basal cell carcinoma normally causes major morbidity only by direct extension of the tumor into adjacent tissues. Occasionally the tumor will metastasize to distant sites such as the lungs, the bones, regional lymph nodes, and the abdominal viscera. Over 100 cases of this disseminated disease are reported in the literature. Once a tumor has metastasized beyond the regional lymph nodes it is uniformly fatal. This article reports a case of basal cell carcinoma, metastatic to the lung, which was successfully treated with cisplatin. Three other cases treated similarly are reviewed, and the prospects for treatment of advanced basal cell carcinomas with chemotherapy are discussed. PMID- 6684500 TI - Central nervous system metastases of choriocarcinoma. 23 years' experience at Charing Cross Hospital. AB - Between 1957 and February 1981, 782 patients received cytotoxic chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTT) in the Department of Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital (London, England). Sixty-nine (8.8%) patients had central nervous system (CNS) metastases. Thirty-three of them (48%) presented with CNS disease prior to treatment (CNS presentation group), and 36 (52%) developed CNS disease while on treatment, or relapsed in the CNS after an initial complete or partial remission (late CNS group). Treatment included systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy, and, in several cases neurosurgery, whole brain irradiation, and immunotherapy. Life-table analysis projects an overall survival of 49% for the CNS presentation group and 6% for the late CNS group. Prognosis has improved with time; prior to 1974, 38% of the CNS presentation group and none of the late CNS group survived. After 1974 overall survival has been 80% in the CNS presentation group and 25% in the late CNS group. The principal elements in the successful management of such cases are: (1) CNS prophylaxis with intrathecal methotrexate for patients at risk of developing brain metastases; (2) early detection of CNS lesions by prompt recognition of their clinical features, measurement of the ratio of CSF to serum human chorionic gonadotropin concentration, and appropriate use of computerized tomography of the brain; and (3) a combination of systemic and intrathecal therapy for patients developing brain secondaries. PMID- 6684502 TI - Enhancement of actinomycin D- and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-induced killing of human fibroblasts by human beta-interferon. AB - When normal or transformed human fibroblasts are incubated with actinomycin D, RNA synthesis is irreversibly inhibited, and the treated cells eventually die. This cell-killing effect of actinomycin D is significantly enhanced by pretreating the cells with human interferon. This effect of interferon is species specific and appears to be under the control of gene(s) located on human chromosome 21. Enhancement of cell killing effect of cis-platinum by interferon pretreatment is also observed. PMID- 6684501 TI - Modulation of plasminogen activator in rodent mammary tumors by hormones and other effectors. AB - The production of plasminogen activator (PA) and its regulation by hormones and other effectors were studied in organ cultures of primary rat and mouse mammary tumors. PA was quantitated using the radioiodinated fibrin plate method. The level of PA in tumor tissue was 10- to 100-fold higher than that in normal rat or mouse mammary glands; the rates of PA secretion were 10- to 1000-fold higher in the tumor cultures. PA production was stimulated by prolactin and pituitary extracts in N-nitrosomethylurea- and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat tumors but not in mammary tumor virus-induced mouse tumors; hydrocortisone inhibited PA production in all three tumor categories. Sex hormones and agents such as cholera toxin and retinoic acid effectively modulated enzyme production by some tumors. Three major points of interest emerge from our findings: (a) the pattern of tumor PA response to hormones differs qualitatively and quantitatively from that previously determined for the normal mammary; (b) the profile of responses of tumor PA and tumor growth to hormones shows numerous correlations suggesting that these two parameters may be coordinately regulated; (c) pituitary extracts contain an apparently novel factor that stimulates rat mammary tumor PA synthesis. PMID- 6684503 TI - Fatal congestive heart failure following mitoxantrone treatment in two children previously treated with doxorubicin and cisplatin. AB - Two children, who had received chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cisplatin for disseminated chondrosarcoma and recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma, developed congestive heart failure following treatment with mitoxantrone (DHAD); the total doses of DHAD were 128 and 90 mg/m2, respectively. The patient with chondrosarcoma had relief of his cardiac symptoms with digitalis and furosemide. The patient with rhabdomyosarcoma, whose tumor responded following treatment with DHAD, died 2 weeks after development of congestive heart failure. For patients who have received prior treatment with potentially cardiotoxic agents, administration of DHAD should be followed by careful monitoring of cardiac function. PMID- 6684504 TI - Microtubule polarity in the nutritive tubes of insect ovarioles. AB - The enormous numbers of microtubules within the nutritive tubes of hemipteran ovarioles are amenable to the hook-decoration technique for determining microtubule structural polarity, as they can be microdissected from ovarioles intact. This has allowed the correlation between the polarity of this continuously elongating complex of microtubules within a nutritive tube and the direction of transport along its length; and has shown that the plus or fast growing ends of the microtubules are all situated at the anterior end of a nutritive tube proximal to the trophic region from which synthesised materials are passed back towards the developing oocytes. PMID- 6684505 TI - Effects of manganese and other divalent cations on calcium uptake and catecholamine secretion by primary cultures of bovine adrenal medulla cells. AB - Primary cultures of bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells were used to examine the effect of replacing divalent cations in the extracellular media on secretion. When calcium was replaced by manganese, nicotine-stimulated secretion was delayed in onset for 3 to 5 minutes, but continued for approximately 60 minutes. In contrast, calcium-supported secretion began immediately on stimulation and plateaued by 10 minutes. 54Mn2+ uptake occurred on stimulation but at a lower rate than 45Ca2+ uptake. There was no delay of 54Mn2+ uptake upon stimulation and 54Mn2+ uptake was considerably prolonged compared to 45Ca2+ uptake. Replacement of calcium with strontium gave results similar to those with calcium, and, in addition, strontium was able to bring about secretion by itself in a manner similar to barium. Inhibition experiments showed that the potency for inhibiting calcium uptake was Cd2+ greater than Mn2+ greater than Ca2+ greater than Sr2+. PMID- 6684506 TI - Direct measurement of critical concentrations and assembly rate constants at the two ends of an actin filament. AB - Actin filament bundles isolated from Limulus sperm were used for quantitative electron microscope studies of F-actin assembly. The assembly rate constants were calculated. In addition, the critical concentrations (Cos) for both filament ends were directly determined. In 75 mM KCl and 1-5 mM Mg++, the Cos were 0.1 microM and 0.5 microM for the barbed and pointed ends, respectively. Substitution of Ca++ (20-200 microM) for Mg++ resulted in Cos of 0.4 microM for both filament ends. Consistent with these findings, filament growth occurred only from the barbed ends of Limulus bundles "seeded" into F-actin solutions in KCl and Mg++. Finally, filaments originally grown from the pointed filament ends of Limulus bundles were gradually lost as the actin solution reached steady state. These results demonstrate that actin filaments can "treadmill" under physiological conditions, albeit at very slow rates. PMID- 6684507 TI - [Premenstrual syndrome]. PMID- 6684508 TI - [Echocardiographic symptomatology of primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children]. PMID- 6684509 TI - [Green monochromatic argon laser. A 15-month preliminary study (250 sessions). II. Results and value]. PMID- 6684510 TI - Effects of verapamil on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: pressure-volume analysis with a nonimaging scintillation probe. AB - To investigate the effects of verapamil on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we studied 14 patients at catheterization with a nonimaging scintillation probe before and after serial intravenous infusions of low-, medium-, and high-dose verapamil (total dose 0.17 to 0.72 mg/kg). Percent change in radionuclide stroke counts after verapamil correlated well with percent change in thermodilution stroke volume (r = .87), and changes in diastolic and systolic counts were used to assess relative changes in left ventricular volumes after verapamil. Verapamil produced dose-related increases in end-diastolic counts (19 +/- 9% increase; p less than .001), end-systolic counts (91 +/- 54% increase; p less than .001), and stroke counts (7 +/- 10% increase; p less than .02). This was associated with a decrease in ejection fraction (83 +/- 8% control, 73 +/- 10% verapamil; p less than .001) and, in the 10 patients with left ventricular outflow tract gradients, a reduction in gradient (62 +/- 27 mm Hg control, 32 +/- 35 mm Hg verapamil; p less than .01). The end-systolic pressure-volume relation was shifted downward and rightward in all patients, suggesting a negative inotropic effect. In 10 patients, left ventricular pressure-volume loops were constructed with simultaneous micromanometer pressure recordings and the radionuclide time activity curve. In five patients, verapamil shifted the diastolic pressure-volume curve downward and rightward, demonstrating improved pressure-volume relations despite the negative inotropic effect, and also increased the peak rate of rapid diastolic filling. In the other five patients, the diastolic pressure-volume relation was unaltered by verapamil, and increased end-diastolic volumes occurred at higher end-diastolic pressures; in these patients, the peak rate of left ventricular diastolic filling was not changed by verapamil. The negative inotropic effects of intravenous verapamil are potentially beneficial in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by decreasing left ventricular contractile function and increasing left ventricular volume. Verapamil also enhances left ventricular diastolic filling and improves diastolic pressure-volume relations in some patients despite its negative inotropic effect. PMID- 6684511 TI - Endogenous cortisol and thyroid hormone levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Thyroid hormones and cortisol levels were serially measured over seven mornings and evenings in 23 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or acute coronary insufficiency (ACI). The patients were divided into two groups, high level cortisol (HLC) and low level cortisol (LLC) groups, according to mean morning and evening cortisol levels. The transient increase in plasma rT3, decrease in T3 and TSH was significantly greater in the HLC group. A diurnal variation in cortisol levels was observed in the LLC group 48 h and in the HLC group 72 h after admission. Taking the 23 patients together, no significant correlation was observed between infarct size (peak CPK levels) and the altered rT3, T4 or TSH levels. However, a significant correlation was obtained between the maximal change in T3, rT3 or TSH and the mean cortisol levels preceding these alterations, as well as between cortisol levels and infarct size. It is suggested that cortisol rather than infarct size may be the dominant factor involved in the alteration of thyroidal levels in AMI patients. PMID- 6684512 TI - [Acromegaly with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and pulmonary infarction]. PMID- 6684513 TI - Do the MN and Jk systems influence environmental variability in serum lipid levels? AB - Significant heterogeneity in the distribution of within pair variances of serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, non HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels has been found in one or both of two samples of MZ twins. We have found some support for the observation of Magnus et al. (1981) that M- pairs have greater environmental variability in cholesterol levels than M+ pairs and weaker evidence that Jka+ pairs are more variable than Jka- pairs. However, these effects appear to be more striking on triglyceride levels. The low power of the variance ratio test is advanced as a possible reason for the inconsistencies in these findings. PMID- 6684514 TI - Identification from radiographs. AB - The identification of a radiograph as having been made from one particular person is an everyday task, usually undertaken by comparing an example with one or more of a previous series. Occasionally, the problem is to compare new views of human remains with radiographs of the same parts taken during life. Examples are reported wherein either procedure would have failed, as no significant differences were found in the bony or soft-tissue landmarks on chest radiographs of two sets of identical twins, aged 17 and 87 years. This may be a widespread phenomenon, not previously recognised from the rarity of twins presenting at the same time for the same examinations. Statements, based upon radiography, as to the identity of patients, must bear the caveat 'provided no identical twin exists'. PMID- 6684515 TI - A method for the calculation of renal clearance based on a single plasma sample. AB - A formula has been derived for the calculation of renal clearance with the use of a single plasma sample. The formula is based on a one-compartment model. A small correction for non-immediate mixing and non-uniform distribution of the tracer was calculated from empirical data. The accuracy in the calculation method depends on how exactly the distribution volume is known and at what time the blood sample is taken. The expected standard deviation in the clearance value was calculated from data of mean value and spread for the distribution volume of 99Tcm-DTPA. In an investigation of 39 subjects with 99Tcm-DTPA, a standard deviation of 5 to 6 ml/min was obtained in comparison with a standard method for clearance calculation. This value is in good agreement with the expected one. PMID- 6684516 TI - Estimation of digital circulation and its correlation to clinical signs of ischaemia--a comparative methodological study. AB - Five different methods were used to evaluate the arterial blood supply to 29 toes from 15 patients with atherosclerotic disease: digital pulse plethysmography, systolic toe blood pressure recording, skin temperature recording, vital capillary microscopy and dynamic fluorescein angiography. An optimal discrimination between legs with and without ischaemic ulcers or gangrene was obtained with the following borderlines: inclination time non-measurable because of very low or no recordable pulse curve, systolic toe blood pressure less than 20 mmHg, skin temperature (after vasodilatation) less than 29 degrees C, capillary stage greater than 3 (indicating the presence of capillary haemorrhages or more advanced changes) and fluorescein appearance time greater than 45 s. The results of the study provide no basis for the opinion that one method is superior to the others in discriminating between arteriosclerotic feet with and without existing skin necrosis. PMID- 6684517 TI - Skin perfusion pressure measured by isotope washout in legs with arterial occlusive disease. Evaluation of different tracers, comparison to segmental systolic pressure, angiography and transcutaneous oxygen tension and variations during changes in systemic blood pressure. AB - The skin perfusion pressure (SPP) measured as the isotope washout cessation external pressure is valuable in selection of major amputation level. Five methodological investigations important to clinical use were carried out: (1) In five normal legs and 10 legs with arterial occlusive disease (AOD), 131I- antipyrine (131I- -a.p.) was compared to Na(131I-) and 99Tcm-pertechnetate (99Tcm). The average SPP by 131I- -a.p. and by 131I- were approximately equal, 57.0 mmHg (range 18-93) compared to 56.3 mmHg (range 13-88) (P greater than 0.1). The average SPP by 99Tcm was just slightly higher, 60.3 mmHg (range 18-98) (P less than 0.02). The average washout constant for the three different tracers were approximately equal and correlated statistically significant with the SPP; (2) In 59 legs with AOD, segmental SPP was compared to segmental systolic blood pressures on the thigh, calf, ankle and first digit (strain gauge technique). The two different methods correlated statistically significant at all four levels, but the systolic blood pressures were higher than the SPP in particular in diabetic legs; (3) Angiograms in 35 legs with AOD showed that the SPP on the ankle was only consistently decreased in legs with arterial occlusions at two levels or more; (4) In 47 legs with AOD, the SPP on the calf or on the thigh was compared with transcutaneously measured pO2. The two different methods correlated statistically significant, but the scatter was great; (5) During induced variations in systemic blood pressure in seven patients (12 legs with AOD), the segmental SPP and the segmental systolic blood pressure were found on average to vary in proportion with intra-arterial mean and systolic pressure respectively; however, this proportional relationship was not valid for the individual leg. It is concluded that 99Tcm is as suitable as the 131I- -labelled tracers in estimating the SPP. The SPP is significantly correlated to skin blood flow, to systolic blood pressure, to tc pO2 and to angiographic findings. Correction of SPP for systemic blood pressure changes can be made in proportion with the measured variations in systemic mean blood pressure, but only for groups of patients. PMID- 6684518 TI - Measurement of right and left ventricular ejection fraction in dogs. AB - Three techniques for measurement of right (RVEF) and two techniques for left (LVEF) ventricular ejection fraction were evaluated in five dogs. RVEF was measured with a first-pass radionuclide technique using erythrocytes labelled in vitro with Technetium-99m methylene disphosphonate (MDP) and compared with RVEF measured with a thermodilution technique. Thermodilution-determined RVEF was compared with RVEF values measured with cine angiocardiography. LVEF was measured with a radionuclide ECG-gated equilibrium technique and compared with cine angiocardiography. Measurements were performed before and during a continuous infusion of dopamine. There was an excellent correlation between RVEF measured with the first-pass and the thermodilution technique, rs being 0.86, n = 9, P less than 0.01. When RVEF measured with the thermodilution technique was compared with cine angiocardiography rs was 0.75, n = 10, P less than 0.01. LVEF measured with the ECG-gated equilibrium technique correlated well with cine angiocardiography (rs = 0.91, n = 10, P less than 0.01). PMID- 6684519 TI - Flow-volume relations in coronary circulation and distribution of coronary flow into nutritional and non-nutritional compartments. AB - Simultaneous assessment of coronary flow and flow-volume relation makes it possible to evaluate the dilatatory responses of coronary vasculature. A new set up of methods for investigation of the coronary circulation was employed to study the nature of the coronary flow and volume responses to dipyridamole in dogs. The turnover rate of coronary blood, the reciprocal value of the mean transit time, can be accurately determined by computer simulation analysis of coronary dye dilution curves. After intravenous dipyridamole (0.5 mg/kg) both coronary turnover rate and electromagnetically assessed blood flow were observed to increase in parallel and to the same degree (+55%). This indicates that no increase in the coronary vascular volume and, accordingly, no significant overall coronary dilatation takes place. The effective coronary blood flow in relation to the myocardial oxygen consumption, i.e. the nutritional flow, and the myocardial oxygen consumption decreased by 25% concomitant to a corresponding fall in myocardial oxygen requirements. Thus, the increase in total coronary flow after dipyridamole is useless for myocardial metabolism, and may properly be denoted as luxury perfusion or throughput flow. PMID- 6684520 TI - Relationship between local and total body bone mineral in epileptic patients and normal subjects. AB - Total body bone mineral (TBBM), measured by dual photon absorptiometry, and local body bone mineral content (BMC), measured by single photon absorptiometry, in both forearms were determined in 49 epileptic patients, 19 receiving phenytoin and 30 receiving carbamazepine, and in 55 controls. A highly significant correlation was found between BMC and TBBM in the patients (r = 0.81, SEE = 10.6%), as well as in the controls (r = 0.78, SEE = 9.9%). Furthermore, the intercepts and the slopes were virtually of the same order. The patients on phenytoin had a mild generalised osteomalacia, independent of method used, whereas the patients on carbamazepine did not have this side-effect. It is concluded that BMC of the forearm can be used as a valid estimate of total body bone mineral in groups of epileptic patients and in normal subjects. PMID- 6684521 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism and regulation of blood flow: effect of indomethacin on cutaneous and subcutaneous reactive hyperaemia in humans. PMID- 6684523 TI - Effect of the degree and speed of tilt on the immediate heart rate reaction. AB - The effect of the degree and speed of tilt on the immediate heart rate reaction measuring cardiac autonomic nerve function was evaluated in nine healthy subjects. The results showed that the tilt angle determined the immediate increase in heart rate. The increase in heart rate was maximal when a 90 degrees tilt was performed. After the immediate increase there was a transient decrease in heart rate after rapid tilts (2-5 s). A rapid 90 degrees tilt is preferred when automatic nerve function should be evaluated from the immediate heart rate response. PMID- 6684522 TI - Passage of albumin from plasma to suction skin blisters. AB - To study the transvascular passage of albumin from the plasma to the skin interstitium, suction blisters were developed on the abdominal skin of six young, healthy male volunteers. Fifteen minutes after the blisters had been formed and the suction had been stopped, 125I-albumin was injected intravenously and the disappearance of the tracer protein from plasma was compared to its appearance in blister fluid as a function of time for up to 4 h after the injection. There was a linear increase of blister fluid activity with time after injection and the mean accumulation rate of the six subjects was 0.9 +/- 0.4 (SD)%/h. It is suggested that this figure is a representative measure of the leakage of albumin through the skin microvasculature. In previous studies, a ten-fold higher accumulation rate of albumin was found when the protein tracer was administered intravenously before the suction was induced. This difference was probably due to a suction-induced increase of the filtration gradient across the skin vessels. It is concluded that both methods might be used to obtain a comparative measure of the local rate at which albumin passes from plasma to the interstitial fluid of the skin. PMID- 6684525 TI - Analysis of ultrasonic vocalizations emitted by intruders during aggressive encounters among rats (Rattus norvegicus). AB - This investigation was concerned with the identification of the ultrasonic vocalizations produced by intruders during aggressive interactions and the role of these signals in agonistic behavior of rats. In the first experiment, experienced resident males were paired with both devocalized and intact vocalizing naive intruder males. Devocalization of the intruder males resulted in a drastic decrease in 50-kHz vocalizations and the elimination of all 22-kHz vocalizations. This almost total absence of ultrasonic vocalizations was not accompanied by any change in resident aggressive behavior or intruder defensive and submissive behavior. In a second experiment, naive intruders were tested with either deafened or intact resident males. Similarly, preventing residents from hearing intruder ultrasounds had no detectable effect on any aggressive behavior. These experiments are not consistent with the correlative evidence that intruder produced 22-kHz vocalizations inhibit the aggressive behavior of the resident. The results also show that most of the ultrasonic vocalizations emitted during aggressive encounters are probably produced by the intruder. PMID- 6684524 TI - Male acceleration of puberty in female mice (Mus musculus). AB - Nine experiments were performed to investigate various aspects of the acceleration of puberty in female house mice produced by the presence of a male mouse or urine from males. The findings include the following: (a) Grouping males has no effect on the urinary chemosignal that accelerates puberty except that (b) urine from dominant males produces greater acceleration than urine from subordinates. (c) Young female mice must be exposed to the male urine for at least 2-3 hr/day or to the presence of a male for 1 hr/day to produce acceleration of first vaginal estrus. (d) Females are accelerated to the same extent in attaining puberty whether treated with urine from the same male or a different male each day. (e) Urine from the father or a full brother, or the presence of those close relatives, exerts no differential acceleratory or retarding effect on puberty when compared with urine from or the presence of unrelated males. (f) Excreted or bladder urine from adrenalectomized males accelerates puberty to the same extent as urine from intact males, but (g) the presence of an adrenalectomized male does not produce the same degree of acceleration that occurs when an intact male is present. (h) Behavioral observations indicate that adrenalectomized males pursue young females less and attempt fewer mounts during a brief test period. Together, these findings have some important consequences with respect to our understanding of both the mechanisms of acceleration of puberty in the house mouse and the population and reproductive biology of these mice. PMID- 6684527 TI - Timing of incubation bouts by ring doves (Streptopelia risoria). AB - Ring dove parents share in incubation and brooding such that the male sits for a block of time toward the middle of the day and the female sits the rest of the time. In order to evaluate the role of the sexes in determining nest exchange, approaches to the nest, the timing of incubation behavior, and the topography of interactions at the nest site were continuously monitored. Most nest exchanges (87%) were initiated by the nonsitting mate. There was less variability associated with the onset of sitting by the female than by the male. The male entered the nest area repeatedly from the time of lights-on until nest exchange several hours later. In contrast, the female rarely entered the nest area when the male was sitting, and when she did approach, nest exchange usually ensued. When the male's entrances to the nest area were prevented until the usual time of nest exchange, the timing of the subsequent sitting bout and nest exchange was not altered, which indicates that male visits are not a necessary prerequisite for nest exchange. Each pair developed a cooperative interaction as incubation progressed. When mates were exchanged among physiologically synchronized pairs, a serious disruption of sitting resulted. It is concluded that behavioral synchrony between the mates in the form of each pair's bond is as necessary as physiological synchrony in maintaining intermate cooperation in parental behavior of ring doves. PMID- 6684526 TI - Analysis of ultrasonic vocalizations emitted by residents during aggressive encounters among rats (Rattus norvegicus). AB - This investigation was concerned with the extent to which aggressive resident rats emit 40-70-kHz vocalizations and the effect of these signals on intruders. In Experiment 1, deafened and intact intruder males were given two encounters with resident animals. Deafened intruders engaged in a higher duration of immobile or freezing postures than intact animals. Experiment 2 indicated that the augmentation of freezing found among deafened intruders was not due to an inability to detect ultrasounds made by residents since intruders encountering devocalized resident males showed no reliable differences in specific motor patterns from intruders paired with intact residents. The results further demonstrated that 40-70-kHz vocalizations are produced almost entirely by intruding animals since there were no significant changes in occurrence of these calls when resident males were devocalized. Under the constraints of the testing procedures employed, the role of ultrasonic communication during the initial formation of agonistic relations could not be determined experimentally. PMID- 6684528 TI - Dominance in intermale encounters and subsequent sexual success in mice. AB - In Experiment 1, when previously isolated male mice were paired and given a female, they fought before beginning to mount, and the more aggressive male ejaculated somewhat more frequently. Males housed together for several days showed little aggression when jointly given a female, but those that were more aggressive in the home cage clearly ejaculated more frequently. In Experiment 2, males were paired for 4 days after a period of isolation. More aggressive males showed more ejaculations when subsequently tested individually with females, but not when pair members conjointly encountered females. In Experiment 3, males were paired for several weeks before encountering females. In cases in which home cage dominance was constant, the more aggressive males ejaculated more frequently both when tested individually and when tested as pairs. PMID- 6684529 TI - Contact allergic reaction to D & C Yellow No. 11 and Quinoline Yellow. AB - D & C Yellow No. 11 and Quinoline Yellow belong to a group of quinophtalone dyes with a common basic structure. D & C Yellow No. 11 is used mostly in plastics, spirit lacquers, coloured smokes and cosmetics, but it is also increasingly used as a dye in soaps and shampoos. Quinoline Yellow is used for dyeing wool, silk and nylon in cases where good light fastness is not required, but is most commonly used as a drug and food colouring agent. A patient, extremely sensitive to D & C Yellow No. 11 with a positive patch test reaction down to 0.00001%, also reacted to Quinoline Yellow at a test concentration of 0.1%. To establish if any cross-reactivity occurs between the two compounds, a high pressure liquid chromatograph was used for analysis, purification and separation of the two colours. The patient was then patch tested with the two colours and the pure fraction of Quinoline Yellow. The test results confirm a true sensitivity to Quinoline Yellow and to D & C Yellow No. 11, and may indicate cross-reactivity between the colours. PMID- 6684530 TI - Hand eczema in nickel-sensitive female twins. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors. AB - The Danish Twin Register represents a population-based twin sample where the twins enter the Register independently of disease. All female twins born between 1906-30 and available in the Register in January 1978 were sent a questionnaire concerning possible nickel sensitivity. Among 746 pairs living in the eastern part of Denmark, 129 twins from 115 pairs had a possible nickel allergy. Through a subsequent personal visit and, in most cases, patch testing, 34 monozygotic probands from 30 pairs and 45 dizygotic probands from 41 pairs were considered to have a verified nickel sensitivity and fulfilled the restriction criteria for the present study. The prevalence of present or previous hand eczema in both the monozygotic and the dizygotic probands was 41% (95% confidence limits: 30-52%). In 15 of the 32 with hand eczema, this was in the form of a relapsing pompholyx. Analysis of the monozygotic pairs showed that the risk of developing hand eczema in the co-twins seemed independent of whether the proband had nickel allergy and hand eczema or nickel allergy alone. Furthermore, it was found that the number of affected co-twins was comparable with the background population. Thus the association between nickel allergy and hand eczema is probably not due to a common genetic predisposition. Environmental factors seem decisive. PMID- 6684531 TI - Dose response relationships in delayed hypersensitivity to quinoline dyes. AB - Repeat insult patch testing of the quinoline dyes, D & C Yellow No. 10 (Acid Yellow No. 3) and D & C Yellow No. 11 (Solvent Yellow No. 33) demonstrated that concentrations as high as 1,000 ppm of the former induced no delayed contact hypersensitivity, whereas, concentrations of 20 ppm and 10 ppm of D & C Yellow No. 11 induced delayed hypersensitivity reactions in human volunteer panelists. No definitive hypersensitivity resulted from testing with 5 ppm of this dye. 2 persons who had been demonstrated to have reacted allergically to the use of a soap bar that contained D & C Yellow No. 11 did not react to the ad libitum use of a soap bar in which this dye was replaced with D & C Yellow No. 10. PMID- 6684532 TI - Oleander dermatitis. PMID- 6684533 TI - Vaginal contraception with gossypol: a clinical study. AB - A clinical study concerning the vaginal contraceptive efficacy of gossypol acetic acid was performed. Fifteen women who had undergone tubal sterilization volunteered for the study. The effect of vaginal gossypol-containing gel on spermatozoa was determined by postcoital tests performed in subjects without and after using gossypol gel. After gossypol application, the number of spermatozoa found in cervical mucus was greatly decreased and, in eleven of the fifteen women, all spermatozoa seen were immobilized. In four cases a few poorly motile spermatozoa were seen but they showed no forward progression. We have previously reported that gossypol has an inhibitory effect on herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro. This anti-viral property of gossypol makes it particularly attractive as a topical barrier contraceptive. The present study shows that gossypol is also promising as a vaginal contraceptive agent in human in vivo experiments. PMID- 6684534 TI - The effect of lithosperm on thyroidal 32P uptake at various times of injection. AB - These experiments were performed to increase our understanding of possible side effects in the use of extracts of the plant Lithospermum ruderale (LSPM) as a contraceptive. Cold-water extracts of LSPM were used to note possible effects on injected TSH and on endogenous TSH which was increased by the use of propylthiouracil. It was demonstrated that LSPM had a biphasic effect on both endogenous and exogenous TSH activity as measured by chick thyroid 32P uptake. When given 18h before autopsy, LSPM decreased TSH activity in both, whereas when LSPM was administered 42h or 44h before autopsy, TSH activity was significantly increased. PMID- 6684535 TI - Plasminogen activator content in heart tissue and perfusate under various experimental conditions. AB - In order to elucidate the mechanisms of plasminogen activator release into the circulation during the first minutes of experimental myocardial ischaemia in vitro, isolated rat hearts were perfused under optimal conditions and under conditions inducing myocardial ischaemia. In ventricular tissues the content of plasminogen a activator was measured; in the perfusate the plasminogen activator and anticoagulating activities were determined. Under optimal conditions the plasminogen activator content in contracting heart was found to be essentially the same as under in vivo conditions; in the perfusates the release of plasminogen activator and of substances possessing the anticoagulating activity was insignificant. Under myocardial ischaemia the release of these substances into the circulation increased, while plasminogen activator content decreased. PMID- 6684536 TI - Changes in myocardial metabolism induced by ethanol administration. AB - The utilization of ethyl alcohol in the myocardium and the reactions connected with its metabolism were investigated in rabbits which were given over a period of two months a 30% ethanol solution per os in a dosage of 1 g/kg body weight, and in a control group. Alcohol intoxication led to a reduction of the reserve of oxidized nicotinamide coenzymes, to an intensification of glycolytic processes, to slowed down utilization of substrates in the citric acid cycle and to an accumulation of less-oxidized metabolism products (dihydroxyacetone phosphate, lactate, pyruvate, malate, oxaloacetate, 2-oxoglutarate). A change was also observed in the myocardial microstructure. Metabolic changes are evidently one of the links of the pathogenetic mechanism of alcohol intoxication, which cause disorders in cardiac activity diagnosed as alcoholic myocardial dystrophy. PMID- 6684537 TI - Intraarterial prostaglandin E1 and canine hind limb blood flow. PMID- 6684539 TI - A detailed method for obtaining preparations of human sperm chromosomes. AB - A detailed technique is described for obtaining preparations of the chromosome complements of human sperm by fertilization of hamster eggs and analysis of the male pronucleus. Some of the more difficult aspects and important steps are emphasized. Technical data from 17 consecutive experiments are presented to provide an estimate of the number of karyotypes which can be obtained in an experiment. PMID- 6684538 TI - Cyclic changes in hormones, carbohydrates and indole metabolism in cervical mucus of normal, fertilizing cows and the relationship with non-fertility. AB - In the cervical mucus of 'normal' cows the cholesterol content was very low at D- 0; at D + 12 it was about fifty times as high; then it decreased to about half its value at D + 17 and then to the low value at D--0. Usually small amounts of oestrogen, testosterone, pregnanedione and progesterone were found at D--0; on D + 12 more pregnanedione was found and less oestrogen, while at D + 17 more oestrogen occurred and less pregnanedione. The fructose and glucose content was very low at D--0; then it increased until D + 12, when glucose was dominant, while at D + 17 it had decreased and rather large amounts of glucuronic acid and of sorbitol occurred. On D + 12 a blue fluorescing indole metabolite was sometimes found. Deviations from these patterns, were found particularly in the winter months, and coincided with lowered fertility. Indole metabolism was stronger in the winter months than in the summer months and occurred more in cows than in heifers. PMID- 6684540 TI - Sexual dysfunction, erectile impotence and obstructive azoospermia in respiratory disease. Relevance of lung-mediated regulation of prostaglandins. PMID- 6684541 TI - Review of single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of the monobactam, aztreonam (SQ 26,776) in healthy subjects. AB - Aztreonam (SQ 26,776) is a new, completely synthetic, monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic with potent activity against most aerobic gram-negative bacteria. The pharmacokinetics of single intravenous doses of 125-4,000 mg, single intramuscular doses of 250-1,000 mg, and multiple intravenous and intramuscular doses of 500 and 1,000 mg q.8 h during 7 days, were studied in 90 healthy male subjects. The half-life was 1.7, apparent volume of distribution 0.2 liters/kg, serum protein binding 56%, and urinary excretion 60-70% of the dose. No significant accumulation or change in pharmacokinetics of aztreonam was found during q.8 h dosing. Small amounts of the biologically inactive open beta-lactam ring metabolite, SQ 26,992, were found in the urine. Aztreonam level in serum and urine after 500- to 2,000-mg doses were potentially therapeutic for most Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6684542 TI - [Pathological anatomy principles of metastasis]. PMID- 6684543 TI - [Significance of quantitative determination of platelet-associated IgG in thrombocytopenia]. PMID- 6684544 TI - [Modification of the aggressive behavior of adult rats by the inhibition of catecholamine synthesis in early ontogeny]. PMID- 6684545 TI - Dipetalonema perstans in a patient with chronic lymphoedema. Case report. PMID- 6684546 TI - Progesterone receptors in rat thymus. AB - Tritiated promegestone ([3H]R5020) is bound with high affinity in cytosol prepared from the thymus gland of both male and female rats. To prevent tracer binding to glucocorticoid receptors, we have used excess RU26988 (11 beta, 17 beta-dihydroxy-21-methyl-17 alpha-pregna-1,4,6-trien-20-yn-3-one), a highly specific synthetic glucocorticoid. In the presence of 1 microM RU26988, [3H]R5020 was bound with high affinity (Kd less than or equal to 1 nM) and specificity (R5020 greater than progesterone much greater than estradiol greater than dihydrotestosterone = cortisol = corticosterone = dexamethasone) appropriate for progesterone receptors (PR). These sites were predominantly located in the epithelioid fraction of the thymus. PR levels were 14 +/- 3 fmol/mg protein in female thymus and 10 +/- 4 fmol/mg in male thymus; estrogen administration elevated thymic PR levels in both species (female, 26 +/- 2 fmol/mg; male, 21 +/- 3 fmol/mg). In estrogen-primed female rats, cytosolic thymic PR levels were acutely lowered to 20% of estrogen-primed control levels by the im administration of 1 mg progesterone. Thymic PR levels in pregnant (11-14 days) rats were approximately 50% of those in nonpregnant controls. Effects of glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens on the thymus are well documented; the demonstration of PR raises the possibility of direct effects of progesterone on the thymus. PMID- 6684547 TI - Human growth hormone and somatomedin C suppress the spontaneous release of growth hormone in unanesthetized rats. AB - To investigate the feedback control of GH secretion, we examined the effects of human GH (hGH) and somatomedin C (SmC) on spontaneous GH secretory surges in unanesthetized, freely moving rats. Under pentobarbital anesthesia a right atrial catheter and an intracerebroventricular cannula were placed 7-10 days before the experimentation. For iv studies, hGH (0.3 U/ml.h) was infused for 6 h after an iv loading dose (0.3 U) at the beginning of the experiments. For intraventricular injections, hGH (0.1 U/10 microliter) or SmC (500 ng/10 microliter) were injected into the lateral ventricle 2 h before the experiments. The equivalent dose of crystalline BSA diluted in the same vehicle solutions was administered to the same rat as a control on a separate day. Venous blood samples were collected every 20 min for 6 h. Intravenous and intraventricular administration of crystalline BSA did not affect the typical rat GH (rGH) surges which appeared about every 3 h and reached peak values of more than 300 ng/ml. The iv infusion of hGH significantly inhibited the amplitude of rGH surges compared to controls (planimetric areas under the secretory profile 752 +/- 172 vs. 1921 +/- 183, P less than 0.01, n = 6). rGH secretion was similarly inhibited by intraventricular hGH (701 +/- 127 vs. 2208 + 225, P less than 0.01, n = 6) and by intraventricular SmC (537 +/- 70 vs. 1503 +/- 114, P less than 0.01, n = 6). These findings suggest that both GH and SmC are active in the feedback regulation of rGH secretion. PMID- 6684548 TI - A role for estradiol in enhancing luteinizing hormone pulse frequency during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle of sheep. AB - Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the increased frequency of LH pulses during the follicular phase of the sheep estrous cycle can be explained by the withdrawal of progesterone. This steroid imposes a profound inhibition of LH pulse frequency in the luteal phase. Experimental ewes were ovariectomized in the late luteal phase of the estrous cycle and divided into three groups: 1) no estradiol provided; 2) basal estradiol maintained at 1-2 pg/ml by small sc Silastic estradiol implants; and 3) peak estradiol of 5-6 pg/ml provided by larger estradiol implants. Control ewes had intact ovaries; their follicular phases were synchronized by insertion and subsequent removal of progesterone implants. LH pulses were monitored beginning 24 h after ovariectomy of experimental ewes or progesterone implant removal from intact control ewes. In the follicular phase controls, LH pulse frequency increased 3- to 4-fold after progesterone withdrawal, reaching up to two pulses per h. When estradiol was not provided after ovariectomy of experimental ewes, LH pulse frequency also increased, but not to the extent seen in the follicular phase control. This high frequency was achieved, however, in experimental ewes treated with either basal or peak estradiol. Both estradiol treatments also reduced LH pulse amplitude. These results fail to support the hypothesis that the high frequency of LH pulses in the follicular phase is solely a consequence of progesterone withdrawal at luteolysis. Rather, they suggest that estradiol (but not necessarily rising estradiol) also contributes to the high frequency pulses of LH that occur in the ewe at this time. PMID- 6684549 TI - Reactions in vitro of the DNA polymerase-primase from Xenopus laevis eggs. A role for ATP in chain elongation. AB - A form of DNA polymerase alpha was purified several thousandfold from a protein extract of Xenopus laevis eggs. The enzyme effectively converts, in the presence of ribonucleoside triphosphates, a circular single-stranded phage fd DNA template into a double-stranded DNA form and, therefore, must be associated with a DNA primase. We first show by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate that both enzymatic activities, DNA polymerase and primase, most probably reside on a greater than 100 000-Da subunit of the DNA polymerase holoenzyme. We then assayed the polymerase-primase at various template/enzyme ratios and found that the DNA complementary strand sections synthesized in vitro belong to defined size classes in the range of 600-2000 nucleotides, suggesting preferred start and/or stop sites on the fd DNA template strand. We show that the stop sites coincide with stable hairpin structures in fd DNA. We have used a fd DNA template, primed by a restriction fragment of known size, to show that the polymerase-primase stops at the first stable hairpin structure upstream from the 3'-OH primer site when the reaction was carried out at 0.1 mM ATP. However, at 2 mM ATP the enzyme was able to travers this and other stop sites on the fd DNA template strand leading to the synthesis of 2-4 times longer DNA strands. Our results suggest a role for ATP in the polymerase-primase-catalyzed chain elongation reaction. PMID- 6684550 TI - The function of cytoplasmic membrane of Paracoccus denitrificans in controlling the rate of reduction of terminal acceptors. AB - The rate of reduction of terminal acceptors (nitrate, nitrite, and oxygen) in anaerobically grown cells of Paracoccus denitrificans increased on permeabilization of cytoplasmic membrane. It was proved that under aerobic conditions the increase of the rate of nitrate reduction was caused by: (i) the abolishment of the permeability barrier for nitrate, (ii) the enhancement of the influx of redox equivalents to the respiratory chain due to the stimulation of succinate dehydrogenase reaction, and (iii) the inhibition of electron flow to oxygen by endogenously formed nitrite. Nitrite inhibits oxygen reduction by its interaction with the terminal part of the respiratory chain (I50 = 15 microM) localized at the inner aspect of the cytoplasmic membrane. The distribution of nitrite between intact cells and the suspension medium follows the Nernst equation for monovalent anion. The possible physiological consequences of the low intracellular nitrite concentration are discussed. PMID- 6684551 TI - Morphological and functional characteristics of isolated acini used for in vitro studies of prostatic secretion. AB - Acini of the rat ventral prostate were isolated by interstitial injection of a collagenase-containing medium, subsequent incubation in the same medium and repeated aspiration through pipette tips with decreasing gauge of the tip opening. Functional integrity of the isolated acini was assessed by morphological studies, including transmission and scanning electron microscopy, freeze fracturing, and immunocytochemistry. Incubation studies with different incubation media were performed monitoring O2-consumption as a parameter of functional activity, in addition to the incorporation rate of radioactively labeled amino acids into newly synthesized proteins. Optimal incubation conditions (shaking water bath, 20 strokes/min, 37 degrees C, gassing with carbogen at 15 min intervals) were found with M 199 medium supplemented with dihydrotestosterone. Stimulation of prostatic secretion was maximal with 10(-7) M of pilocarpin, which was more effective than carbamylcholine. Incorporation of precursors into prostatic proteins proceeded for about 2 h at a linear rate. Thereafter a rapid loss of functional and morphological integrity of the isolated acini was observed including disintegration, vacuolation and lysis of individual cells. The system of isolated prostatic epithelium developed is a useful tool in the study of prostatic secretion in vitro in short term experiments. PMID- 6684552 TI - Acute alcohol intoxication and traumatic shock. An experimental study on circulating microaggregates and survival. AB - The reaction to a standardized soft tissue trauma was investigated in pigs pretreated with gastric administration of saline or 40% ethanol. Circulating microaggregates in vena cava, vena portae and aorta were determined with screen filtration pressure (SFP). Using Swan-Ganz thermistor catheters changes in central hemodynamics were recorded. 1 min after trauma, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW) increased over pretrauma values in alcohol-intoxicated pigs while cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased. In control animals, CO and MAP were reduced. 30 min after trauma the control animals had restored their circulatory parameters while intoxicated animals had not. SFP increased in alcohol-intoxicated animals before trauma and more so after trauma except for in aorta. The standardized trauma was nonlethal to control animals while 6 out of 7 pigs, pretreated with alcohol, died within 65 min of the trauma. The data indicate that alcohol intoxication decreases survival after traumatic shock and that alcohol and trauma induced a significant increase in circulating microaggregates. PMID- 6684553 TI - Cytosine arabinoside transport by human leukaemic cells. AB - The membrane transport of cytosine arabinoside (araC) has been studied in blasts freshly isolated from a variety of acute leukaemias. The major fraction of araC influx was facilitated and this fraction was 80-87% at l microM araC and 68-80% at 200 microM araC. Competitive kinetics were observed between araC and deoxycytidine for entry into leukaemic blasts and, moreover, araC influx was blocked by phloretin, a broad-spectrum inhibitor of facilitated transport systems. Kinetic analysis of facilitated araC influx gave KmS which varied over a 10-fold range between patients and which were positively correlated to the Vmax. Nucleoside influx Vmax also varied over an 80-fold range between individuals, although the mean araC transport was 4-fold greater in myeloblasts than in lymphoblasts. Larger transport of araC may explain the greater sensitivity of acute myeloid leukaemia to this drug. PMID- 6684554 TI - Radiation-induced head and neck tumours: is the skin as sensitive as the thyroid gland? AB - Six hundred and five persons, randomly selected from a cohort of 2400 patients who had been irradiated 16-46 yr previously for benign diseases in the head and neck region, were traced, recalled and examined for radiation-associated tumours. Three hundred and sixty-seven patients were alive, 179 had died and 66 had emigrated. Two hundred and fifty-seven patients were clinically examined, 87 refused or were not able to participate and 16 could not be contacted. Eighteen of the clinically examined patients had been or were being treated for 20 skin carcinomas with a mean latency of 37 yr. In this group only 7 carcinomas of the thyroid gland were observed, with a mean latency of 38 yr. Eleven carcinomas of the skin and 3 of the thyroid gland were reported in the group which was examined by means of questionnaires. The observed number of carcinomas of the skin is higher than expected according to the dose-effect relationship of UNSCEAR, whereas the number of carcinomas of the thyroid gland is lower. It is concluded that there might be less difference in susceptibility for the induction of tumours by ionizing radiation between the skin and the thyroid gland than is commonly assumed. PMID- 6684555 TI - 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine conjugates of corticosteroids as potential antitumor agents. AB - The antitumor activity and toxicity of two new 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine (ara-C) conjugates of cortisol and corticosterone linked through a phosphodiester bond between the 5' and 21 positions of the respective moieties (cortisol- and corticosterone-p-ara-C) were investigated in L1210 lymphoid leukemia cells in mice. They are highly active against both i.p.- and i.c.-implanted ara-C sensitive lymphoid leukemia in mice, exceeding the activity produced by the parent drug, ara-C. For example, corticosterone-p-ara-C exhibited the respective ILS values of 306% at 50 mg/kg/day X 9 and 294% at 75 mg/kg/day X 9 on survivals of i.p.- and i.c.-inoculated L1210 leukemic mice. The effectiveness of the conjugates seems to depend on schedules of the treatments. The 9-day continuous treatments showed a better therapeutic effectiveness than those with either a 5 day, a single or a widely spaced (q 4d., 1, 5, 9) treatment. However, they were found to be marginally effective against i.p.-implanted ara-C-resistant L1210 leukemia in mice. They were also inhibitory against proliferation of human leukemia-lymphoid cells in culture. Their superior antitumor activity and resistance to cytidine deaminase suggests that they serve as a prodrug form of ara-C or ara-CMP. PMID- 6684556 TI - The effect of N-formylleurosine on DNA synthesis of Ehrlich ascites tumor. AB - Some of the vinca alkaloids are well known and widely used in clinical practice, in spite of their numerous side-effects. For the elimination of untoward side effects semi-synthetic alkaloids have been produced. This work reports on N formylleurosine (N-F-Leu), one of these agents. Its antitumour activity is, in many respects, similar to that of other, presently used vinca alkaloids; it causes metaphase block, the appearance of multinucleated cells and polyploidization. In addition to these effects, N-F-Leu induces significant new phenomena, namely, changes in the activity of thymidine kinase, a key enzyme of DNA synthesis as well as in thymidine incorporation, and reduces the proportion of cells in S phase in a relatively short period of time after treatment: 24-29 hr. Based on these observations, the reevaluation of the mechanism of action of vinca alkaloids has become possible. PMID- 6684557 TI - Reduction of acute adriamycin toxicity in mice treated with adenosine. AB - The effects of adenosine on the acute toxicity and oncolytic activity of adriamycin (ADR) were evaluated in mice. When administered as a single i.p. injection of 17.5 mg/kg, adriamycin produced death in all mice within 12 days after treatment, with a mean survival time of 5-9 days. In contrast, the mean survival time of mice administered adenosine subcutaneously (200 mg/kg) in addition to adriamycin was significantly increased compared to adriamycin-treated mice. The protection elicited by adenosine was apparently not a generalized phenomenon of purines, however, since neither hypoxanthine nor inosine were effective protectants. Although a number of adenosine treatment schedules were tested, it was found that adenosine given immediately after adriamycin was as effective as multiple adenosine injections. Administration of adenosine had no apparent effect on adriamycin-mediated changes in ventricular weight, leukocyte count, elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity or in the histopathologic changes observed in selected tissues. Two grossly observable effects of adenosine administration were lethargy and peripheral hypothermia, which were first noticed approximately 15 min after adenosine administration and which lasted for up to 2 hr. Finally, adenosine had no adverse effect on the antitumor efficacy of adriamycin against L1210 ascites cells inoculated i.p. to BDF1 mice. PMID- 6684558 TI - Tumour control following single-dose irradiation of a human melanoma xenograft. AB - A human malignant melanoma grown in the athymic nude mouse was exposed to single doses of X-rays and tumour control (TC) was studied. The TCD50 at 70 days post irradiation was found to be 27.4 +/- 0.6 Gy. This TCD50 is considerably lower than that predicted from the in vitro survival curve of cells from the melanoma irradiated in vivo. Studies also indicated that the tumour regrowth delay following large radiation doses possibly might be larger than indicated by the survival levels measured in vitro. Thus the radiation sensitivity of the melanoma measured in vivo appeared to be higher than that measured in vitro. This was probably not due to radiation damage to the vasculature only, as indicated by studies of the transplantability of irradiated tumours. An immune response by the nude mouse perhaps also contributed, as indicated by studies of the transplantability of the melanoma in whole-body-irradiated mice. If this was so, results from studies of the response to therapy of human tumours in the nude mouse, especially when tumour control is used as an endpoint, may not necessarily be representative for tumours in man. PMID- 6684559 TI - Comparison of anthracycline concentrations in S180 cell lines of varying sensitivity. AB - Sublines of sarcoma 180 (S180) of varying sensitivity to adriamycin (ADR) have been selected in culture. The degree of resistance of these sublines ranged from 6- to 125-fold above that of parent S180 cells. ADR-resistant sublines demonstrated comparable degrees of cross-resistance to daunomycin (DNR), marcellomycin and AD 32, but each subline showed a uniform degree of tolerance toward actinomycin D and vincristine. Compared to the anthracycline-sensitive parent tumor, a 40% decrease in the intracellular steady-state level of [3H] daunomycin was observed in all sublines regardless of the degree of resistance. The level of cell-associated DNR and ADR observed after administration of equipotent concentrations of drug was different for each cell line and increased in proportion to the drug concentration. Thus, altered drug permeability appeared to be of minimal importance in the expression of high levels of resistance. In addition, the extent of DNR metabolism by the anthracycline-resistant sublines was not sufficiently different from that seen in parent S180 cells to account for the observed tolerance to these agents. PMID- 6684561 TI - Assessment of the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer. AB - Four methods of assessment of the quality of life were compared in 100 patients with advanced cancer. All showed highly significant correlations with each other. In particular, a single-item linear analogue self-assessment (LASA) which indicated the patients' general feeling of well-being showed a highly significant correlation with multiple item measures of the quality of life (interviewer administered and self-administered versions of a 5-item quality of life index, and a 21-item LASA). The LASA indicating well-being was compared in a further 30 patients with a similar single-item LASA in which the term 'quality of life' was used. This comparison again showed a highly significant correlation. It is concluded that a single-item LASA asking the direct question "How would you rate your quality of life today?" is a valid and reliable indicator of the quality of life of patients with cancer. PMID- 6684560 TI - Studies on transformation markers and tumorigenicity in segregant clones from a human hybrid line. AB - Thirty segregant clones were back-selected in 8AG or 5BUdR media from a non tumorigenic human intraspecific hybrid line (HeLa TK- X fibroblasts HPRT-) displaying a high plasminogen activator (PA) level, a disorganized fibronectin (FN) matrix and anchorage-independence. These clones exhibited a widely modulated expression of the above markers concomitantly with different degrees of chromosome loss. Out of six representative segregant clones tested in nude mice, two were found to re-express tumorigenicity. No significant correlation was observed between PA or FN levels and anchorage-independence, as well as between these markers and tumorigenicity. PMID- 6684562 TI - EORTC phase II trial of vindesine in advanced melanoma. PMID- 6684563 TI - Spontaneous alteration in growth rates of two human melanoma xenografts. Concurrent changes in chemosensitivity. PMID- 6684564 TI - N-desmethyltamoxifen inhibits growth of MCF 7 human mammary carcinoma cells in vitro. PMID- 6684565 TI - Antitumor effect of calmodulin antagonist against MH-134 hepatoma, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and B-16 melanocarcinoma in mice. PMID- 6684566 TI - The effects of a novel potent oral retinoid (Rol3-6298) in the treatment of multiple solar keratoses and squamous cell epithelioma. AB - Sixteen patients with solar keratoses and/or squamous cell carcinoma were treated for 4 weeks with Rol3-6298, a potent oral retinoid of the arotinoid series. This treatment caused a small but statistically significant reduction in the mean number and area of the lesions. Tissue measurement and cell kinetic studies demonstrated that the treatment caused significant thickening of uninvolved epidermis but no change in the rate of cell division. Similar side-effects to those occurring with etretinate were experienced. PMID- 6684567 TI - DNA/protein ratio as an index of oestrogen receptor content in human breast cancer. AB - The nuclear DNA/cytoplasmic protein ratio was related to the oestradiol receptor content in both cytoplasmic (ERc) and nuclear (ERn) fractions in 165 cases of breast cancer. The patients under study were divided into groups according to whether their biopsies contained functional (ERc/ERn = +/+), abnormal (+/0) or non-detectable receptor (0/0). The mean microgram DNA/mg protein ratio was significantly decreased in both the abnormal and receptor-negative groups, with means of 30.4 and 30.2 respectively, when compared to the mean of 52.8 for the receptor-positive group. When the DNA/protein ratio for each patient was related to age, a discriminant line which clearly differentiated the ER +/+ group from the other two groups was obtained. It may be concluded that an increased DNA/protein ratio is related to the presence of ERn. Furthermore, since the DNA content per cell is higher in ER-negative tumours, an increase in cellularity must exist in ER-positive tumours. PMID- 6684568 TI - Thyroid function in early breast cancer. AB - Serum 'free thyroxine' was measured as a thyroid function index (TFI) in 238 women with early breast cancer and 107 normal controls. The mean TFI was significantly lower in the cases compared with controls. The TFI was not related to pathological stage but correlated with histological grade, with the highest values found in well-differentiated (grade I) and the lowest in anaplastic tumours (grade III). A similar result was obtained with the urinary and androsterone:aetiocholanolone (5 alpha:5 beta) ratio in that the ratio was significantly lower in patients with grade III than in those with grade I tumours. These results indicate that thyroid hormones may be involved in tumour cell differentiation. Patients with low 5 alpha/5 beta ratios had significantly faster recurrence rates than those with high ratios. A similar trend was found for the TFI. The TFI decreases after mastectomy and at 12 months after operation is still below the pre-operative basal level. PMID- 6684569 TI - Standardization of steroid receptor assays in human breast cancer--I. Reproducibility of estradiol and progesterone receptor assays. AB - Four different lyophilized cytosols were analyzed for estrogen and progesterone receptor content by 13 laboratories. Three of the cytosols were assayed on 9 consecutive working days. The fourth cytosol was analyzed 3 times. All laboratories used the same methods of receptor and protein assays. Estradiol and progesterone receptors were measured by Scatchard analysis with centrally provided radioactive ligands and employing charcoal adsorption of free steroid. Protein was assayed by the Bradford technique with the same lots of Coomassie brilliant blue and human serum albumin standard. All participating groups except one produced receptor results (fmol/ml cytosol) with less inter-laboratory variation than in previous trials. Recalculation of the raw data of all participants by a common computer program further reduced this inter-laboratory variation. The discrepancies between the reported and recalculated receptor binding data are discussed. The intra-laboratory variation was sometimes surprisingly high and occurred at random. Single-dose saturation assays showed good agreement with multipoint Scatchard assays for the high receptor-positive samples, while poor agreement was observed for the heat-inactivated, receptor negative sample. The use of common reagents and methodologies diminished the inter-laboratory variation coefficients of the protein assay to 14-17%; however, the protein estimation still needs to be improved. PMID- 6684570 TI - The effects of membrane modification and hyperthermia on the survival of P-388 and V-79 cells. AB - Cells with greater membrane microviscosities are reportedly less sensitive to being killed by mild hyperthermia. To further study this phenomenon, membrane microviscosity of ascites P-388 tumor cells was increased by adding cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS). Unexpectedly, when modified cells were heated for 60 min at 43 degrees C in vitro and analyzed in vivo in CDF1 mice they showed an increased thermal sensitivity. Similar increases in cell membrane microviscosity were obtained with V-79 cells. However, after heat treatment no differences in survival in vitro were noted between modified and unmodified cells. Treatment with CHS alone results in a substantial increase in P-388 cells, which take up trypan blue, but not in V-79 cells. When these 'dead' cells are accounted for, the difference in killing between control and CHS-modified P-388 cells is no longer seen. When considered in this light, both P-388 and V-79 cells are similar in their response to heat, which is not influenced by CHS per se. PMID- 6684571 TI - VIIth meeting of the European Association for Cancer Research. Sponsored by the Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark 19th-21st September, 1983. Chemical carcinogenesis. Abstracts. PMID- 6684572 TI - Morphine tolerance and dependence in the locus coeruleus: single cell studies in brain slices. AB - Extracellular single unit recordings in vitro from the locus coeruleus in rat brainstem slices revealed the presence of spontaneously active neurons. These cells fired between 0.1 and 3.0 spikes/s and were inhibited by nM concentrations of morphine and clonidine. Locus coeruleus neurons in slices from animals treated chronically, but not subacutely, with morphine exhibited a significant decrease in sensitivity to morphine. This tolerance appeared to be specific for opiates since no decrease in sensitivity was seen for the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine. However, in contrast to what has been reported in vivo, no signs of dependence (withdrawal activation) were evident in slices from morphine tolerant animals. PMID- 6684573 TI - Catabolism of 6 keto PGE1: biological activation by the rat kidney in vitro. AB - An increase in anti-aggregatory but not spasmogenic activity was observed when 6 keto prostaglandin E1 (but not PGE1) was incubated at 37 degrees C with rat kidney 100 000 X g supernatant. No such biological activation was observed in boiled rat kidney supernatant. After high-pressure liquid chromatography two absorbance peaks with anti-aggregatory activity were detected. One peak had a retention time identical to authentic 6 keto prostaglandin E1 whilst the second peak did not coincide with known anti-aggregatory prostaglandins. PMID- 6684574 TI - Pertussis vaccine inhibits the chronic but not acute action of normorphine on the myenteric plexus of guinea-pig ileum. PMID- 6684575 TI - Chlordiazepoxide antagonizes locus coeruleus-mediated suppression of muricidal aggression. PMID- 6684576 TI - Excitatory and inhibitory modulation of intracellular free calcium in human platelets by hormones and drugs. PMID- 6684577 TI - Pharmacological properties of platelet strips. AB - The pharmacological properties of human platelet strips were studied by recording changes in tension after the application of various compounds. The platelet strips were prepared by packing cold re-calcified human platelets over a sheer gelatinized nylon mesh. The contractile response of such a strip was dependent on the number of platelets sticking to the nylon mesh. The strip was contracted by the addition of platelet aggregation inducers such as ADP, norepinephrine, thrombin and collagen, thereby suggesting that the contractile response is mediated through membrane receptors on the platelets. The ED50 values of the aggregation agents which contracted the strip were much the same as those which induced platelet aggregation, thereby suggesting that contraction of the platelet strip is similar to platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma (PRP). The addition of platelet aggregation inhibitors such as papaverine, W-7 and PGE1 relaxed the platelet strip. The ED50 values of the aggregation inhibitors which relaxed the platelet strip were also similar to those for platelet aggregation inhibition. The time course of the release of the preloaded [14C]serotonin from the platelet strips correlated well with that of the tension developed. PMID- 6684578 TI - Effect of lesions in the striatum, nucleus accumbens and medial raphe on phencyclidine-induced stereotyped behaviors and hyperactivity in rats. AB - The effect of lesioning the striatum, nucleus accumbens and medial raphe on phencyclidine(PCP)-induced stereotyped behaviors and hyperactivity was investigated to determine the site or sites of actions of PCP in rats. Bilateral lesions of the striatum diminished or abolished all the parameters of PCP-induced stereotyped behaviors, including sniffing, back pedalling, turning and head weaving 7 days after the operation. The medial raphe lesion significantly reduced PCP-induced back pedalling and head weaving. Bilateral lesions of the ventral portion of the nucleus accumbens did not affect the PCP-induced stereotyped behaviors. On the contrary, none of the lesions altered the sensitivity to PCP induced hyperactivity 7 days after the operation. These results suggest that PCP induced stereotyped behaviors may be mediated in the striatum and the medial raphe but not the nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, PCP-induced hyperactivity may not result from PCP effects on these discrete brain areas. PMID- 6684579 TI - Morphine pretreatment reduces clomipramine effect in mouse forced-swimming test. AB - It had previously been shown that naloxone inhibits the effect of clomipramine both in a pain test in the forced-swimming test in mice which is proposed as an antidepressant study model. Evidence is reported of a decrease in activity of clomipramine in the forced-swimming test in mice after morphine pretreatment. The hypothesis of an interaction with mu-opiate receptors is considered. PMID- 6684581 TI - Effect of anti-inflammatory steroids on the activity of selected lysosomal hydrolases in serum of rats with experimental liver fibrosis. AB - Liver fibrosis was produced in rats by subcutaneous injections of carbon tetrachloride. The effect of anti-inflammatory steroids (hydrocortisone, prednisone, dexamethasone) on the activity of serum lysosomal hydrolases (beta-N acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucosidase and alpha-mannosidase) was investigated in healthy and CCl4 poisoned rats. The marked increase of enzymatic activity in blood serum was observed in animals with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Quite opposite results were found in normal rats treated with glucocorticosteroids. In rats which were given both carbon tetrachloride and corticosteroids the obtained values of serum enzymatic activity did not have a uniform character as compared to controls or CCl4 intoxicated rats. Presumable mechanisms of the results obtained are discussed. PMID- 6684580 TI - The impairment of osmoregulation in the rat offsprings of hyperadiuretic mothers is probably of renal nature. AB - Experimental hyperadiuretism in pregnant rats was induced by applying them daily throughout the pregnancy a synthetic analogue of vasopressin--dDAVP (1-deamino-8 D-arginine vasopressin). It brought about a moderate alteration in the ability to produce hypertonic urine in their offsprings. The osmoregulatory function in the offsprings in the course of fetal development could have been suppressed either by a direct or an indirect effect of dDAVP i.e. by the hypotonicity of mothers' internal environment. There is by now some evidence based on the simultaneous determination of urinary vasopressin and osmolality that the impairment of the osmoregulatory function may be, at least partly, on the renal level. PMID- 6684582 TI - The effect of castration and androgen treatment on glomerular volume in mice. AB - The mouse kidney is specially responsive to the withdrawal or administration of androgens. Castration markedly reduces renal weight in male mice, whereas androgen treatment restores normal kidney size. The present study demonstrates that these changes in whole kidney size are accompanied by parallel changes in total glomerular volume. The results indicate that the individual glomeruli change their volume during the experiments. The observed changes in the kidney weight and total volume of glomeruli after castration did not affect the plasma level of creatinine. Smaller kidney with less total volume of glomeruli can preserve internal environment. PMID- 6684584 TI - Influence of lesions of the limbic-hypothalamic system on adrenocortical responses to daily repeated heat exposures in rabbits. AB - The effects of lesions in the basal medial hypothalamus and limbic structure upon the responses of adrenocorticoids formation in adrenal slices of rabbits to daily repeated heat exposures has been investigated. (1) The adrenocortical responses to heat exposure on the 1st day were decreased by lesions in the periventricular arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), stria terminalis (ST) and dorsal fornix (FX). (2) There were no effects of heat exposure on the 10th day upon the adrenocorticoid formation in either the sham-lesioned rabbits or the rabbits with the lesions of ARC, VMH and ST. (3) In rabbits with the FX lesions, the adrenocorticoids formation was significantly increased by heat exposure on the 10th day. (4) These results suggested that the basal medial hypothalamus, amygdala (AMYG)-ST system and dorsal hippocampus (HPC)-FX system participated in the mechanisms of adrenocortical responses to heat exposure on the 1st day, but only the HPC-FX system played some roles in complete disappearance process of adrenocortical responses to heat exposure by repetition of exposures. PMID- 6684583 TI - Role of the ovary in the regulation of sex hormone binding globulin and its contribution to peripheral levels of androstenedione. AB - In order to assess the role of the ovary in the regulation of the levels of the sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG) and its contribution to peripheral levels of androstenedione, three subject groups were studied: 10 normally menstruating women, 8 postmenopausic women, and 8 postmenopausic ovariectomized women. A basal venous blood sample was drawn between 8:00 to 9:00 h from all subjects in the latter two groups. The blood samples were drawn from the normally menstruating women on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of their cycles. The following determinations were made in each sample: oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione SHBG, FSH and LH. It was concluded that: 1) SHBG does not vary during the menstrual cycle, nor there are significant differences between postmenopausic and castrated women, and 2) androstenedione levels in castrated women are significantly different from both postmenopausic and normally menstruating women. PMID- 6684585 TI - Pituitary-thyroid function during acute immobilization stress in rats. AB - In nine experiments a total of 394 male Wistar rats weighing about 300 g was used. In each experiment, one intact control group was used and several other groups were subjected to immobilization (IMO) for 2 to 240 min in a prone position by inserting their heads through steel wire loops fixed on a board and by fasting their limbs to four metal strips by adhesive tape. All animals were killed by decapitation and the levels of thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) in plasma were estimated by radioimmunoassay. In one experiment, significant changes in the level of all hormones measured were found within 2 to 15 min of IMO, e.g. an increase of TSH, T4 and rT3 and a decrease of T3. Later (i.e. between 30 and 240 min) the level of TSH, T4 and T3 was repeatedly found to be significantly decreased almost in all experiments as compared to controls. In contrast, a significant increase of rT3 was found only in one out of 7 experiments, the values in other ones being unchanged. Corresponding changes of hormone levels were observed when IMO for 150 min was repeated daily for 7 or 40 days and the animals were sacrificed immediately after the last stress, while one day of rest after such procedures as well as after a single IMO for 150 min appeared to be sufficient for the levels to return to control values. PMID- 6684586 TI - Effect of hypercalcaemia on adrenocortical and growth hormone secretion. AB - The authors investigated in 19 healthy women changes in the plasma levels of cortisol and growth hormone during acute hypercalcaemia induced by a load of 8.9 mg Ca2+/kg body weight, administered as intravenous infusion and the effect of hypercalcaemia on the adrenocortical and somatotrophic secretory reserve assessed by the test with insulin hypoglycaemia. Hypercalcaemia causes a rise of the basal cortisol plasma level starting at the 90th minute from the onset of the infusion when the calcium level reaches values of 2.99 mmol/l. The adrenocortical secretory reserve is, however, significantly reduced by hypercalcaemia. Hypercalcaemia does not affect growth levels nor the somatotrophic secretory reserve. PMID- 6684587 TI - Effect of nifedipine on the adrenocortical and somatotrophic secretory reserve and TSH and thyroid hormone plasma levels. AB - The authors investigated the effect of one week's administration of therapeutic doses of the calcium antagonist nifedipine on the hormone homeostasis of clinically healthy subjects. The insignificant tendency towards an increase of the adrenocorticotrophic and somatotrophic secretory reserve and the unaltered levels of thyrotrophin, triiodothyronine and thyroxine rule out possible adverse side-effects of the administered therapeutic doses of nifedipine on the hormone balance of the mentioned systems. The authors discuss also the physiological impact of the assessed findings. PMID- 6684588 TI - Isolation and characterization of DNA-binding proteins of Yoshida ascites tumour cells. AB - DNA-binding proteins from the cytosol and nuclei of Yoshida ascites sarcoma cells were isolated by affinity chromatography on native and denatured DNA-cellulose columns. The proteins that were retained in the columns were eluted by increasing concentrations of NaCl and analysed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Two proteins with approximate molecular weights (MW) of 38 000 (38K) and 34 000 (34K) D showed high affinity for denatured DNA and eluted in large quantities from denatured DNA-cellulose columns. In contrast, only small amounts of 38 000 and 34 000 D proteins were found to be associated with native DNA and the native DNA-associated 38K and 34K proteins showed higher rate of phosphorylation than the corresponding denatured DNA-binding proteins. The 38 000 and 34 000 D DNA binding proteins were present both in nuclei and cytoplasm. These two proteins together comprised over 70% of the total DNA-binding proteins present in the 0.4 M NaCl eluate of the cytoplasmic extracts. DNA-binding proteins of MW 38 000 and 34 000 D were also present in a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma, although in smaller amounts. PMID- 6684589 TI - Microtubules, microfilaments and adhesion patterns in differentiating chick retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro. AB - The distribution of microtubules (MT), microfilaments (MF), and patterns of cell to-substratum adhesion were studied by tubulin antibody labeling, NBD-phallacidin staining and by reflection interference contrast (RIC) microscopy respectively in colonies of differentiating RPE cells obtained from explants after 10 days in culture. In each colony three zones could be identified: a central zone of packed well-differentiated cuboidal cells (zone 1), an intermediate zone of more flattened, pleomorphic cells (zone 2) and a peripheral zone of very spread cells at the edge of the colony (zone 3). As visualized with antibodies to tubulin, the MT distribution in cells of each zone was distinctly different and correlated well with differences in cell shape. Changes in the distribution of MF were more striking. In the cuboidal well-differentiated cells of zone 1, prominent cortical bands but no stress fibers were observed after staining with NBD-phallacidin and RIC microscopy showed that the cells lacked strong adhesion to the substratum. Stress fibers, in addition to cortical bands of MF, were seen in the more spread, less differentiated cells of zone 2 and focal contacts were observed when these cells were examined by RIC microscopy. The flattened least differentiated cells in zone 3 lacked cortical bands but had prominent stress fibers. These cells displayed a variety of adhesion forms ranging from a mosaic of far and close contacts to numerous focal contacts and broad focal adhesions. Our results show that as the RPE cells display less differentiated morphologies, i.e. are more flattened and less densely packed towards the edge of the colony, there is a gradual decrease in the cortical bands of MF and an increase in the number and prominence of stress fibers. This increase in numbers of stress fibers is correlated with an increase in the cell adhesiveness to the substratum, as estimated by RIC microscopy. These results strongly support the general observation that normal epithelial cells in colonies tend to adhere to the substratum more strongly by marginal cells than by the more differentiated centrally located cuboidal cells which have well developed intercellular contacts. PMID- 6684590 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: adult worm chemoattraction with barriers of specific molecular weight exclusions. AB - Chemoattraction studies were done with Schistosoma mansoni adults from mice. To test for attraction or repulsion, some worm pairs were separated mechanically and the individuals placed in polycarbonate chambers. Experiments were done at 37 C and chambers contained dialysis tube chimneys. In all cases, heterosexual attraction occurred when one worm, but not two worms, were placed in the chimneys. Unperforated chimneys with specific molecular weight (Mr) exclusions were compared with perforated chimneys to study heterosexual attraction. Attraction was similar in designs using perforated chimneys and those with 50,000 and 12,000 Mr exclusions, but none was seen in chimney designs with 1000 Mr exclusions. PMID- 6684591 TI - [Toxicological characteristics of an experimental model of alcoholism in rats]. AB - The morphological appearance and morphometric indicators (the content of RNA, protein, glycogen and fat) of the internal organs of random-bred male rats were studied 10 days, 6 and 12 months after voluntary consumption of 15% ethanol. Alcohol consumption for 12 months provoked marked pathological alterations of the animals' internal organs, similar to organ pathology in alcoholic patients. The time course of these changes was marked by stages which correlated with the stages of experimental alcoholism formation, classified according to the behavioral criteria. The conclusion is made about adequacy of the model in question for screening and study of the pharmacological agents fit for the treatment of alcoholism. PMID- 6684592 TI - [Fibrinolytic and thrombolytic properties of a plasminogen activator isolated from the culture broth of calf kidney cells]. AB - Plasminogen activator isolated from cultural liquid of calf renal cells is an enzyme having a fibrinolytic action in vitro and in vivo, provoking a demonstrable thrombolytic effect, which depends on the drug dose, thrombus size and animal's body weight. PMID- 6684593 TI - [Effect of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents on the permeability of histohematic barriers]. AB - It has been demonstrated on male rats that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs change the permeability for 32P of histohematic barriers (HHB) of the internal organs of normal rats and animals with hyperergic inflammation. The nature of the effect appears to be due to the morphological structure of the HHB and blood flow velocity at the organ level. In hyperergic inflammation, HHB permeability for 32P rises 1.5--2-fold. The action of non-steroidal antiphlogistics is organ specific in hyperergic inflammation. PMID- 6684595 TI - Mechanism of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. AB - cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum II (cisplatin) is widely used in cancer treatments. Renal dysfunction is the major toxic effect of this drug. Micropuncture studies suggest that cisplatin reduces single-nephron glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and causes a significant backleak of inulin across the renal tubule. Pathological alterations are localized to the S3 segment of the proximal tubule situated in the outer stripe of the outer medulla. Renal clearance studies in humans demonstrate that the free platinum clearance exceeds the GFR, which suggests that cisplatin or a platinum metabolite is actively secreted by the kidney. Studies with renal cortex slices indicate that platinum is accumulated by renal tissue against a concentration gradient. This uptake is blocked by metabolic inhibitors and the organic base triethanolamine. Heavy metals are thought to produce renal damage because of interaction with renal sulfhydryl (SH) groups. After cisplatin administration to rats, total renal SH groups decreased by 14% owing to a decrease of protein-bound SH groups. The greatest decline of SH groups occurred in the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. These fractions also had the highest platinum concentrations. These results suggest that the nephrotoxic effects of cisplatin may be related to depletion of SH groups, but a cause and effect relationship has not been definitively established. PMID- 6684594 TI - Isolation of (a subunit of) the Na+/D-glucose cotransporter(s) of rabbit intestinal brush border membranes using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6684596 TI - [The cellular mechanism of action of gastrin on the corporal mucosa of the canine stomach. (1). The effect of gastrin on adenylate cyclase activity]. PMID- 6684597 TI - IUD appendicitis. PMID- 6684598 TI - Biochemical evidence for the role of alkyl-lysophospholipids on liver sialyltransferase. AB - Antineoplastic alkyl-lysophospholipids were found to exert a strong inhibitory effect on membranous or solubilized asialomucin-sialyltransferase (CMP-N acetylneuraminate: D-galactosyl-glycoprotein N-acetylneuraminyltransferase, EC 2.4.99.1) activity. This inhibitory effect was dependent on the presence of the choline moiety in position 3 of the glycerol molecule, as well as on the presence of long ether-linked aliphatic side chain in position 1 and the absence of any large substituent in position 2. As an example, 1-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-glycero-3 phosphorylcholine acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. Such an inhibitory process on sialyltransferase activity might be an additional factor in the tumor cell destructive effect of alkyl-lysophospholipids. PMID- 6684599 TI - Most early-variant histone mRNA is contained in the pronucleus of sea urchin eggs. AB - Previous studies demonstrated that the pronucleus of the unfertilized sea urchin egg contains a high concentration of transcripts complementary to the early histone repeat unit (D. L. Venezky, L. M. Angerer, and R. C. Angerer (1981). Cell 24, 385-391.) In this paper, in situ hybridization techniques of improved sensitivity are used to show that these nuclear RNAs include authentic histone mRNA but not spacer-complementary sequences. It is estimated that most early variant histone mRNA contained in the egg is, in fact, restricted to the pronucleus. These mRNAs are released to the cytoplasm at the time of nuclear breakdown of first cleavage and rapidly distribute throughout the cytoplasm. PMID- 6684601 TI - Spontaneous action potentials and resting potential shifts in fertilized eggs of the tunicate Clavelina. AB - Electrical activity in the fertilized egg of the tunicate Clavelina was studied with microelectrode recording and voltage clamp techniques. The resting potential could assume either of two stable values (approximately -70 or -30 mV) and could be shifted between these values by direct current stimulation. Spontaneous shifts between two stable resting potentials were also seen. Egg cells produced action potentials spontaneously and in response to depolarizing stimuli. Inward currents were carried by both Na and Ca ions and a prominent outward potassium current was seen with depolarization to voltages above -15 mV. The steady-state current voltage relationship (I-V curve) of the membrane showed two voltages where the net membrane current equaled zero: approximately -35 and -70 mV. Between these two voltages, membrane current was inward and carried by noninactivating Na and Ca currents. Inward rectification, which was blocked by external Rb, occurred at voltages below -70 mV. The voltage dependence of inward rectification is thought by the authors to be important for establishing the more negative resting potential; it is also thought the presence of inward current which does not inactivate completely at voltages more negative than about -20 mV is an important determinant of the more depolarized resting potential. PMID- 6684602 TI - Pattern formation by interaction of three cytoplasmic factors in the egg of the leafhopper Euscelis plebejus. AB - Developmental capacities of different parts of the Euscelis plebejus egg were tested by translocating posterior pole material and subsequent transverse constriction of the egg posterior to the translocated material. The results support the hypothesis that at least three cytoplasmic factors of maternal origin are necessary to form a complete germ band. Those factors do not act autonomously. The anterior and posterior factors require interaction with the middle factor in order to cause formation of head and abdomen, respectively. The middle factor, on the other hand, forms a complete thorax only if it is in contact with the posterior factor. PMID- 6684600 TI - The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - The embryonic cell lineage of Caenorhabditis elegans has been traced from zygote to newly hatched larva, with the result that the entire cell lineage of this organism is now known. During embryogenesis 671 cells are generated; in the hermaphrodite 113 of these (in the male 111) undergo programmed death and the remainder either differentiate terminally or become postembryonic blast cells. The embryonic lineage is highly invariant, as are the fates of the cells to which it gives rise. In spite of the fixed relationship between cell ancestry and cell fate, the correlation between them lacks much obvious pattern. Thus, although most neurons arise from the embryonic ectoderm, some are produced by the mesoderm and a few are sisters to muscles; again, lineal boundaries do not necessarily coincide with functional boundaries. Nevertheless, cell ablation experiments (as well as previous cell isolation experiments) demonstrate substantial cell autonomy in at least some sections of embryogenesis. We conclude that the cell lineage itself, complex as it is, plays an important role in determining cell fate. We discuss the origin of the repeat units (partial segments) in the body wall, the generation of the various orders of symmetry, the analysis of the lineage in terms of sublineages, and evolutionary implications. PMID- 6684603 TI - Electrical response to fertilization in ascidian oocytes. AB - The fertilization potential of the ascidian oocyte has been studied using two intracellular electrodes. Two classes of oocyte were observed; low resting potential (RP) oocytes of -20 to -35 mV and high RP oocytes of -80 to -90 mV. The two types have comparable membrane resistance, falling in the range of 100-300 M omega, and both may be fertilized and develop normally, although the fertilization potential (FP) is different in the two cases. High RP oocytes give rise to step-like regenerative potentials which attain positive values, whereas low RP oocytes give rise to slower depolarizations that reach zero level. In both cases the FP was sometimes preceded by a small-step depolarization as normally observed in the sea urchin. Irrespective of the original RP, the membrane resistance always decreased to 1-10% of its initial value during the first few minutes of the FP plateau. In contrast when the membrane was depolarized to a comparable potential by current injection the membrane resistance did not decrease. Polyspermic fertilization was induced by removing the extracellular coats, aging the oocytes and using high densities of sperm. The FP in monospermic and polyspermic oocytes were comparable and we could not correlate additional sperm interactions with additional electrical events. Our results suggest that the plasma membrane in ascidian oocytes lacks intrinsic mechanisms, electrical or otherwise, to prevent polyspermic fertilization. PMID- 6684605 TI - Changes in nucleotide-binding proteins during oocyte maturation in Xenopus laevis. AB - Photoaffinity nucleotide analogs of ATP and GTP have been used to investigate the purine nucleotide-binding proteins of Xenopus laevis oocytes. These analogs label Xenopus oocyte supernatant proteins in a highly specific manner. The pattern of proteins labeled with these analogs was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A number of changes in this pattern were observed during the time course of progesterone-stimulated maturation in vitro. If one alters the dynamic balance of phosphatase and kinase activities with NaF, these changes are not observed. This photoaffinity approach also provides an assay for the purification of high-affinity nucleotide-binding proteins, including protein kinases, which may be important in the process of oocyte maturation. PMID- 6684604 TI - Sperm nuclear dispersion coordinate with meiotic maturation in fertilized Spisula solidissima eggs. AB - Investigations were carried out with fertilized Spisula solidissima eggs, in which changes in incorporated sperm nuclei were determined by measurement of the diameter of dispersing paternal chromatin. Results of such an analysis demonstrated that sperm nuclear dispersion does not proceed at a constant rate and consists of four phases (1-4), coordinate with major changes in the status of the maternal chromatin. (1) The first phase was a short lag period prior to germinal vesicle breakdown in which the size of the sperm nucleus increased only slightly. (2) This was followed by a rapid dispersion of the sperm nucleus coordinate with germinal vesicle breakdown. With the development of the first meiotic spindle, sperm chromatin dispersion slowed dramatically; this phase (3) lasted until the completion of the meiotic divisions at which time the sperm chromatin underwent a second rapid increase in size (4) that was correlated with development of the female pronucleus. When zygotes were treated with agents that inhibited germinal vesicle breakdown (verapamil, sodium-free seawater, and chloroquine), sperm nuclear dispersion did not occur. Evidence is presented indicating that nucleocytoplasmic interactions coincident with germinal vesicle breakdown induce sperm nuclear dispersion in Spisula zygotes. PMID- 6684606 TI - The pH within the jelly coat of sea urchin eggs. AB - Because low molecular weight factors isolated from sea urchin egg jelly increase sperm motility and respiration, but only at a pH less than 7.4, H. Ohtake (J. Exp. Zool. 198, 303-312, 1976) suggested that the pH within the jelly experienced by a sperm swimming to the egg might be 6.5-7.0. With a pH microelectrode, the pH in the jelly coat of single eggs of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus pictus was measured and found to be not significantly different from the pH of seawater, 8.0; it thus does not seem likely that these low molecular weight factors are important in maintaining sperm motility or respiration during fertilization. PMID- 6684607 TI - Axis determination in eggs of Xenopus laevis: a critical period before first cleavage, identified by the common effects of cold, pressure and ultraviolet irradiation. AB - Exposure of eggs of Xenopus laevis to a temperature of 1.0 degree C for 4 min or a pressure of 8000 psi for 5 min in a critical period before first cleavage results in embryos exhibiting a reduction and loss of structures of the body axis. The deficiencies occur in a craniocaudal progression which is dose dependent. In the extreme, totally axis-deficient embryos with radial symmetry are formed. Maximum sensitivity to cold and pressure occurs at 0.6 of the time from fertilization to first cleavage and extends from approximately 0.4 to 0.8, the period between pronuclear contact and mitosis, and the approximate period of gray crescent formation. The effects of cold and pressure resemble those previously reported for uv irradiation in that (1) the types of axis-deficient embryos produced are morphologically indistinguishable; (2) sensitivity in all cases ends before 0.8; (3) cold and uv effects, although not those of pressure, can be prevented by cotreatment with D2O; and (4) impaired eggs can be rescued by oblique orientation. We interpret these results as follows: during the 0.4-0.8 period the egg reorganizes its contents in a manner critical for subsequent development of the embryonic body axis. The reorganization process involves cytoskeletal elements, some of which are sensitive to cold, pressure, and uv, and protected by D2O. Rescue by oblique orientation can be understood as the result of a gravity-driven reorganization of the egg's contents, supplanting the normal mechanochemical process impaired in treated eggs. PMID- 6684608 TI - [Transmission of amber mutants in bacteriophage T4. II. Thermal sensitivity of the multiplication of gene 26 amber mutants in Escherichia coli B cells and the absence of such sensitivity in the case of gene 33]. AB - The dependence of multiplication of genes 26 and 33 amber mutants of T4D phage in a non-permissive host on the temperature in the range of 25-41 degrees C has been studied. The secondary mutations observed in the genome of gene 26 mutants amS105 and amNG114 were excluded by crossing these mutants with the wild type phage. It was established that multiplication of gene 26 amber mutants amS105x5, amN131 and amNG114x1 depends, essentially, on the temperature: the burst size of phage gradually decreased by about three orders, when the incubation temperature was changed from 25 degrees C to 41 degrees C. In the case of gene 33 amber mutants, their multiplication was only slightly dependent on the temperature, maximum burst size having been observed at 37 degrees C. The decrease in the burst size at 41 degrees C of gene 33 mutant amc18 was shown to be caused by secondary ts mutation in the phage genome. It is concluded that the phenomenon of the temperature sensitivity of multiplication of T4D phage amber mutants is gene specific. PMID- 6684609 TI - [Characteristics of the karyotype changes in Djungarian hamster cells resistant to methotrexate]. AB - The chromosomes stained by trypsin G-banding technique were studied in five Djungarian hamster cell sublines, resistant to different concentrations of methotrexate. In all cells of two independent sublines, approximately 13 times more resistant to the drug, an additional material on the distal part of the short arm of chromosome 3 was revealed. The size and banding pattern of this new material were different in two sublines and in individual cells of each subline. In cells, which were 25-fold resistant to methotrexate, the additional material was found both in the short arm of chromosome 3 and in the long arm of chromosome 4. In some cells the additional material in chromosome 4 contained the long homogeneously staining regions (HSRs). In a subline which was 100-fold resistant to methotrexate, all cells had the chromosome 4 bearing the long HSR. The further increase in the level of drug resistance (300-fold) was accompanied by the increase in the size of HSRs in chromosome 4, the appearance of the second HSR in the short arm of chromosome 3 and emergence of small chromatin bodies. In cells with trisomy 4 and a low level of colchicine-resistance, methotrexate-resistance arises more frequently than in colchicine-sensitive cells bearing two chromosomes 4, or in cells possessing the high level of colchicine-resistance and trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 4 only. The similarities and differences of karyotypic alterations accompanying the development of colchicine- and methotrexate-resistance in Djungarian hamster cells, are discussed. PMID- 6684610 TI - [Hereditary syndrome of ectrodactyly, congenital heart defect and cleft lip and palate]. AB - A case of a family of he proband suffering from ektrodaktyly, together with heart defect, cleft lip and palate is reported. The parents came to the genetic counselling center to get the genetic prognosis for a next child. All together 3 cases demonstrating different types of radial defects were registered in this pedigree. The authors discuss possible causes of clinical polymorphism and accent the complications of giving genetic prognosis in such cases. PMID- 6684611 TI - [Microbiological study of food plant proteins obtained from oil seed cake]. PMID- 6684612 TI - Histological changes following Nd YAG laser photocoagulation of canine gastric mucosa. AB - Tissue changes produced in the dog stomach by exposure to a Nd YAG laser varied from mild mucosal oedema to cell vaporisation. Intermediate degrees of damage caused a marked inflammatory response leading to extensive fibrosis in the submucosa and muscularis propria. The true extent of tissue damage was not apparent immediately, and treated mucosa that initially appeared intact sometimes sloughed several days later to leave an ulcer. The extent of damage and the rate of healing depended on the amount of laser energy used. With pulses at optimum laser power (75 w) and exposure time (0.4 sec), however, haemostasis was achieved in induced ulcers with total energy concentrations that did not produce full thickness tissue damage nor alter the healing rate from that observed in untreated ulcers. Thermal contraction was the primary haemostatic mechanism, thrombosis only occurring as a secondary effect. PMID- 6684613 TI - Diurnal variation in cholesterol saturation of gall-bladder bile. AB - In order to determine whether a diurnal variation in cholesterol saturation index is present in gall-bladder bile, samples of bile were taken by nasoduodenal intubation and cholecystokinin infusion at 9 am after the conventional 12 hour fast, and also at 5 pm five hours after a meal containing no cholesterol or phospholipid. In healthy controls saturation index (mean +/- SEM) fell from 1.02 +/- 0.08 at 9 am to 0.86 +/- 0.08 at 5 pm (n = 8, p less than 0.05). In untreated cholesterol gall-stone patients saturation index fell from 1.30 +/- 0.07 to 1.04 +/- 0.07 (n = 8, p less than 0.05); on chenodeoxycholic acid 15 mg/kg/day it fell from 0.91 +/- 0.06 to 0.78 +/- 0.07 (n = 16, p less than 0.01). The degree of diurnal variation was similar in those taking chenodeoxycholic acid at bedtime and in those taking it at mealtimes. The 9 am sample was supersaturated in three non-responders (showing no evidence of gall stone dissolution on oral cholecystogram after at least six months treatment) and in four responders. The 5 pm sample was a better predictor of treatment failure, being supersaturated in all four non-responders but in only one out of the 12 responders (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6684614 TI - [Natriuretic hormone and hypertension]. PMID- 6684615 TI - [Congenital unilateral renal venous thrombosis in a preterm infant]. PMID- 6684616 TI - International Symposium on Residues and Toxicity of Bromide. In memory of M. J. van Logten. PMID- 6684617 TI - Bromide-ion residues in food and feedstuffs. AB - The daily intake of bromide ion by humans was estimated from two total-diet studies conducted in the summer of 1976 and in the winter of 1978 and involving in each case investigation of 100 samples. The average daily intake found was 7.8 mg/person in the first study and 7.6 mg/person in the second study (with ranges of 2.9-15.0 and 1.8-17.2 mg/person/day, respectively). National surveys, covering several thousands of samples, showed that certain leafy vegetables and some herbs could occasionally contain high residues of bromide ion (greater than 200 mg/kg). An important source of these high residues is the treatment of soils with methyl bromide against nematodes. Action has been taken to minimize contamination of the human diet with bromide ion by this route. PMID- 6684618 TI - Bromide-ion balance of a polder district with large-scale use of methyl bromide for soil fumigation. AB - When concentrations of bromide ion were determined in waters in a polder district of The Netherlands where there is large-scale use of methyl bromide for soil fumigation, the maximum concentrations in precipitation, surface water and ground water were found to be 0.98, 41 and 17 g/m3, respectively. The highest concentrations of bromide ion in surface water were found in September-October during the main fumigation season. For the period 1 September 1979 to 31 August 1980 a bromide-ion balance was computed for the polder district. The contribution of the use of methyl bromide to the input of bromide ion in the polder district was 215 Mg (Mg = 1000 kg), which corresponds to 68% of the total input of bromide ion (318 Mg). On average over a year, about 14% of the dosage of methyl bromide applied for soil fumigation was converted to bromide ion. PMID- 6684619 TI - Study on the toxicity of sodium bromide to different freshwater organisms. AB - The toxicity of sodium bromide for freshwater organisms was tested using algae (Scenedesmus pannonicus), crustaceans (Daphnia magna) and fish (Poecilia reticulata and Oryzias latipes). Depending on the species tested, the acute toxicity varied from 44 to 5800 mg Br-/litre (EC50 values) and the No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOEC values) in the long-term tests varied from 7.8 to 250 mg Br-/litre. Bromide ion markedly impaired reproduction in both crustaceans and fish. Histologically no effects were observed in the long-term test with Oryzias, but in the reproduction test with Poecilia, hyperplasia of the thyroid, atrophy and degeneration of the musculature and regressive changes in the female reproductive tract were observed. As a criterion of water quality, 1 mg Br-/litre has been proposed, on the basis of reproductive performance in the Poecilia test. The concentrations found in surface water frequently exceed this value and sometimes reach levels at which acute effects on water organisms can be expected. PMID- 6684620 TI - Toxicity of sodium bromide in rats: effects on endocrine system and reproduction. AB - Bromide has a low acute oral toxicity, with LD50 values in rodents ranging from 3500 to 7000 mg/kg body weight. It is rapidly absorbed and steady-state serum levels have been reached in rats within 4 weeks. The biological half-life of bromide, and consequently the serum levels, are strongly dependent on chloride intake. Feeding of sodium bromide to rats for 90 days in concentrations of 0, 75, 300, 1200, 4800 and 19,200 mg/kg diet led to a complex of changes in the endocrine system, thyroid activation being the most prominent. Furthermore, in the highest dose groups a decrease in spermatogenesis in the testes and decreased secretory activity of the prostate or a reduction in the number of corpora lutea in the ovaries were found. A three-generation reproduction study of the same dietary concentrations showed in the two highest dose groups a decrease in fertility which appeared to be reversible upon bromide withdrawal. Macroscopically, no changes in the offspring were observed. From these studies a no-effect level for bromide ion of 240 mg/kg diet was determined, corresponding to a tentative Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.12 mg/kg body weight. This is in good agreement with a preliminary ADI of 0.1 mg/kg established in an experiment with human volunteers, but is considerably lower than the ADI of 1 mg/kg estimated by FAO/WHO. It is suggested that bromide exerts an inhibitory effect on the thyroid, resulting in an increased hormonal stimulation of this organ by the pituitary gland. PMID- 6684622 TI - The influence of sodium bromide in man: a study in human volunteers with special emphasis on the endocrine and the central nervous system. AB - Sodium bromide was administered orally in capsules to healthy volunteers in doses of 0, 4 or 9 mg Br-/kg/day using a double-blind design. Each treatment was given to seven males for 12 weeks and to seven non-pregnant females (not using oral contraceptives) over three full cycles. Special attention was paid to possible effects on the endocrine and central nervous systems. At the start and end of the study, a full medical history, the results of a physical examination, haematological studies and standard clinical chemistry and urine analyses were recorded for each subject. These showed no changes for individuals following treatment, except for some incidence of nausea associated with bromide-capsule ingestion. Mean plasma-bromide concentrations at the end of treatment were 0.08, 2.14 and 4.30 mmol/litre for males and 0.07, 3.05 and 4.93 mmol/litre for females of the 0-, 4- and 9-mg Br-/kg/day groups, respectively. Plasma half-life was about 10 days. In the females taking 9 mg Br-/kg/day (but in no other group) there was a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine between the start and end of the study but all concentrations remained within normal limits. No changes were observed in serum concentrations of free thyroxine, thyroxine-binding globulin, cortisol, oestradiol, progesterone or testosterone, or of thyrotropin, prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone before or after the administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone and LH-releasing hormone. Analysis of neurophysiological data (EEG and visual evoked response) showed a decrease in delta 1- and delta 2 activities and increases in beta-activities and in mean frequency (Mobility parameter) in the groups on 9 mg Br-/kg/day, but all the findings were within normal limits. PMID- 6684623 TI - Short-term toxicity study in rats of chlorinated cake flour. AB - Male and female Wistar rats were fed for 28 days on a diet containing either chlorinated (1257 or 2506 ppm chlorine) or unchlorinated flour. No significant differences between groups in body weight were observed in the males. A significant inverse correlation between body weight and treatment level, attributable to a corresponding trend in food intakes, was found for the females only. No significant differences between absolute organ weights were found, but when the weights were adjusted for covariance with body weight, dose-related increases in kidney weight (males) and liver weight (both sexes) were found. Histopathological examination revealed no pathological tissue changes attributable to the chlorination of the flour. PMID- 6684621 TI - Effects of bromide on behaviour of mice. AB - Groups of mice, housed individually in standard cages placed in a frame especially designed for the recording of locomotive behaviour, were fed diets containing sodium bromide at a level of 0, 400, 1200, 3600 or 10,800 ppm for 36 days. A fully automated system was used to record and process measurements of the nocturnal motility of the mice, together with three other variables (evasion time, spontaneous treadmill performance and body weight), for a total of 128 days before, during and after administration of the test diets. The data obtained, analysed statistically by univariate and multivariate analysis of variance, indicated that for sodium bromide, the 'effect limit' based on behavioural variables and body weight lay for mice between 400 and 1200 ppm in the diet. The fact that the overall effect of the 10,800 ppm dietary level was not completely reversible seemed to be largely attributable to the effect of this level of sodium bromide administration on body weight. PMID- 6684624 TI - Long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of cake made from chlorinated flour. 1. Studies in rats. AB - Wistar rats were fed for 104 wk on cake-based diets in which the cake, prepared from unchlorinated flour, or flour treated with 1250 or 2500 ppm chlorine, formed 79% of the diet on a 12.6% moisture basis. A fourth group was fed stock diet 41B. No differences in appearance, health, behaviour or mortalities attributable to the flour treatment were observed. Female but not male mortalities were significantly higher for cake-fed rats than for those fed diet 41B. Dose-related haematological effects were seen at various stages in cake-fed rats. Dose-related increases in plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were noted at 12 months in males but not in females, for whom all the values were elevated. A dose related diminution in blood sugar at 12 months was seen only in females. A dose related increase in urinary aspartate aminotransferase was seen only in males. Urinary N-acetylglucosaminidase activity per mg creatinine did not differ significantly between groups. At post mortem a dose-related reduction in spleen weight was found in the females only. The lesions found were those expected in ageing rats, but were observed earlier in rats fed cake. Glomerulonephrosis affected rats fed cake more than those fed diet 41B. Cake diets promoted nephrocalcinosis, unrelated to flour treatment. Increased splenic haematopoiesis occurred in about half of the females in the cake diet groups but less frequently in males or in rats fed diet 41B. Tumours were mainly chromophobe adenomas of the pituitary, common in rats. Insulomas were seen in two males in each of the groups fed on cake made from chlorinated flour, but an earlier form of this tumour was found in all cake groups and its incidence is thus regarded as unrelated to the flour treatment. The incidence of tumours of the reticuloendothelial system was not related to flour treatment. Covalent chlorine concentrations in the perirenal fat of the cake-fed rats were correlated with treatment levels, with values of 50 912 ppm in males and 59-1174 ppm in females. Since concentrations in the lipid of the diet fed to the animals were much higher than these, accumulation of the additive was absent or negligible. The chlorine concentrations in the perirenal fat of male and female rats fed diet 41B were 62 and 72 ppm respectively. PMID- 6684625 TI - Long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of cake made from chlorinated flour. 2. Studies in mice. AB - Male and female Theiller's Original strain mice were fed for 16 and 17 months respectively on diets in which cake, prepared from flours treated with 0, 1250 or 2500 ppm chlorine, formed 79% by weight on a 12.6% moisture basis. Body weights and food intakes were unaffected by flour treatment but all of the animals on cake diets showed significant increases in body weight compared with controls on a standard diet and became obese. Mortalities in the males were not related to treatment, but in the females there was excess mortality in the treated groups compared with the cake control group, after 13 months in the 1250 group and after 15 months in the 2500 group. No consistent treatment-related effects were observed in the haematological, biochemical and renal-function studies. Dose related increases in heart and kidney weights and a dose-related decrease in ovary weight were seen in females. No evidence of carcinogenicity resulting from flour treatment was obtained but the early ending of the study, necessitated by high mortalities, greatly diminished the value of this finding. Concentrations of covalently bound chlorine in the perirenal fat were positively correlated with treatment level, but were considerably below those present in the lipid content of the diets on which the mice were fed. PMID- 6684626 TI - A relationship between ascorbic acid and threonic acid in guinea-pigs. AB - Threonic acid is a major breakdown product of ascorbic acid used as a food additive. When administered orally to guinea-pigs (100 mg/kg body weight) for periods of 4 or 28 days, it produced a significant fall in the ascorbic acid concentration of certain organs but was without effect on other physiological and biochemical characteristics. The lifespan of scorbutic guinea-pigs was significantly reduced by dietary threonic acid (100 mg/kg body weight). The results indicate that threonic acid may modify the metabolism of ascorbic acid in guinea-pigs. PMID- 6684627 TI - Comparison of the effects of N-nitrosodimethylamine on pregnant and nonpregnant Holtzman rats. AB - Single oral doses of N-nitrosodimethylamine or olive oil were given to nonpregnant and pregnant female Holtzman rats on different days of pregnancy (days 7-18, where day 0 was considered to be the sperm positive day). Serological and histopathological studies were performed on animals killed 2 days after treatment. In comparison with the values obtained in nonpregnant controls, the following parameters in pregnant controls were significantly increased: relative liver weights (days 9-20), liver ascorbic acid concentrations (day 12), blood urea nitrogen (days 16-20), serum triglyceride (days 14-20), serum inorganic phosphorus (days 12-18), and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (days 14-20). The following parameters were decreased in pregnant rats compared with nonpregnant controls: relative organ weights (kidneys, adrenals and thyroids), serum glucose (days 12-20), total serum protein (days 9 and 16-20), and serum alkaline phosphatase (day 20). The serum cholesterol levels in pregnant rats were significantly decreased on days 9-15 of pregnancy and significantly increased on day 20. The numbers of mitotic cells in the livers of pregnant rats were greatly increased compared with nonpregnant rats on all days of pregnancy, while the adrenal cortex contained a significantly higher number of mitotic cells only on days 16 and 18. Compared with control values, NDMA given orally (15 or 20 mg/kg body weight) increased the following in both pregnant and nonpregnant rats: numbers of mitotic cells in the liver and adrenal cortex, relative adrenal weights, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. NDMA treatment decreased liver ascorbic acid and total serum protein in both pregnant and nonpregnant rats. In nonpregnant rats NDMA also increased relative liver weights (not significant) and serum alkaline phosphatase levels. NDMA increased serum alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase in pregnant rats on day 20 and decreased foetal weights (in rats treated on days 13 and 18). NDMA treatment was not lethal to nonpregnant rats or to pregnant rats up to day 16 of pregnancy, but single oral doses of 15 and 20 mg NDMA/kg killed 9.4 and 35.3%, respectively, of rats treated on day 18 of pregnancy. In general, the acute toxic effect of NDMA, as measured by changes in the above parameters, was greater in pregnant than in nonpregnant rats, especially near the end of pregnancy. PMID- 6684628 TI - The influence of dietary fat on the toxicity of orally ingested lead in rats. AB - The influence of dietary fat on the toxicity of orally ingested lead was investigated. Groups of ten male weanling Wistar rats were maintained on diets providing 11.5, 20, 40 or 60% of energy from fat for 8 wk. All diets were supplemented with a low level of lead--1.25 mg Pb (as lead acetate) per 1000 kJ energy in the diet. Groups receiving 11.5 and 20% of energy as fat had similar lead levels for each tissue studied. Raising the fat level to 40 or 60% of energy resulted in significant increases in tissue-lead concentrations with each increment in dietary fat. The groups receiving 60% of energy as fat had more than twice the level of lead in the femur, kidney, liver and brain than the control rats maintained on the diet containing 11.5% energy as fat, even though the amount of lead ingested was the same for all groups. delta-Aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase activity was not affected when dietary fat was increased from 11.5 to 20%. There was a significant reduction in activity when fat was increased to 40 or 60% of energy. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin was not affected by the level of dietary fat. This work demonstrates that increasing the level of dietary fat significantly increases lead toxicity and indicates the need for further research on the interaction between dietary factors and lead toxicity. PMID- 6684629 TI - Excretion and retention of low or moderate levels of aluminium by human subjects. AB - During a 40-day balance study, eight adult males were fed two levels of aluminium: 5 mg/day for 20 days (control diet) and 125 mg/day for 20 days (test diet). Every subject excreted more than 96% and more than 74% of his aluminium intake in his faeces when fed the test and control diets, respectively. Subjects excreted two- to five-fold more aluminium in their urine and had significantly higher levels of aluminium in their sera when fed the test diet rather than the control diet. No retention of aluminum was detected when faecal and urinary losses of aluminium were compared with intakes. PMID- 6684631 TI - Effect of dietary administration of the rubber curative trithiocyanuric acid to the rat. AB - Trithiocyanuric acid (TCY) is a rubber curative of low oral and dermal toxicity and with a low potential for eye and skin irritation. This study determined the effects of TCY on Sprague-Dawley rats at levels of 0.0, 625, 2500 and 5000 ppm in the diet for 2-30 days. While there were some effects on body-weight gain and survival at the higher levels of intake, the main effects concerned unusual lesions of the pinna and the distal portions of the tail. Purplish discolorations of the ear margin and tip of the tail were noted in some animals on the 2500- and 5000-ppm diets. The tail lesion was evident microscopically at day 16 only in the 5000-ppm group and consisted of congestion of the vasculature in the subepidermal connective tissue with focal necrosis of the distal tail segment. By day 16 the ear lesion was also microscopically identifiable only in the group on the 5000 ppm diet. It was found in 33% of these animals at day 8 and in 67% at day 16 and consisted of a localized cellulitis characterized by moderate infiltrates of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the epidermal and subepidermal tissues. The lesions caused by high levels of TCY were apparently site-specific, since histopathological examination of selected internal organs did not detect any lesions. The no-effect levels determined were 2500 ppm for microscopic lesions during an 8-16-day treatment period and 625 ppm for gross pathological lesions in a 30-day feeding study. PMID- 6684630 TI - Citrinin mycotoxicosis in the rabbit. AB - In three trials, single or multiple doses of citrinin dissolved in 0.5 N-NaOH and adjusted to neutral pH with HCl were given to rabbits by either the oral or intraperitoneal route. The 72-hr LD50 was 50 mg/kg body weight by intraperitoneal administration and 134 mg/kg by the oral route. The primary clinical sign in rabbits receiving a single oral dose of 125-150 mg citrinin/kg was fluid diarrhoea commencing 8 hr after dosing. Pathological alterations were generally confined to the kidney and consisted of degeneration and necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules and straight segments. In rabbits given a single oral dose of citrinin (130 mg/kg) the earliest histopathological change, seen 8 hr after dosing, was cytoplasmic vacuolation of tubular epithelial cells. Rabbits given a single oral dose of 120 mg citrinin/kg had regeneration of renal tubular epithelium accompanied by slight tubular cell necrosis when examined 7 days after dosing. Rabbits given multiple sublethal doses of citrinin (33.5 or 77 mg/kg daily for 7 days) had renal alterations of mild tubular degeneration and necrosis, and tubular regeneration. PMID- 6684632 TI - Reorganization of the British total diet study for monitoring food constituents from 1981. AB - A total diet study was developed in the UK in the 1960s to enable the estimation of average intakes of different food constituents of public interest. Since that time the organization of the total diet study has twice been modified, firstly in 1975 and more extensively in 1981. The study now includes 115 foods in 20 groups compared to 68 foods in nine groups in the previous design, and reflects more recent food consumption patterns. The food is purchased in preselected parts of the country by a market research company and the preparation of the diets has been centralized in one laboratory instead of being undertaken by domestic science colleges located in many areas. The reorganization is described and the new total diet study is validated by comparison with a study of the previous design. PMID- 6684634 TI - PRO analysis reveals program duplications. PMID- 6684635 TI - Reimbursement regs may pump new life into CT. PMID- 6684633 TI - [Left ventricular hemodynamics in acute alcohol intoxication in guinea pigs]. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate to what extent the cardiodepression of acute alcohol intoxication is dose-dependent and to assess the validity of isovolumetric and afterload parameters in the latter condition. Isovolumetric and ejection phase parameters were measured in-situ in the intact heart of the guinea pig. The diastolic and systolic pressure-volume-relationships were calculated on the basis of direct measurements obtained at control conditions and during acuta alcohol intoxication at blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of 160 and 280 mg/100 ml, respectively. Cardiodepression was dose-dependent; left ventricular isovolumetric pressure fell 13% at a BAC of 280 mg/100 ml, maximal rate of pressure rise (dp/dt max) decreased 33%. The changes in afterload parameters were less consistent: there was an increase in left ventricular isovolumetric pressure and dp/dt max in the group with BAC of 160 mg/100 ml, but both of these parameters decreased at BAC levels of 280 mg/100 ml. Stroke volume and preload decreased comparably in both groups. The divergent pattern of induced hemodynamic alterations may be due to peripheral effects of ethanol and/or counter-regulatory adrenergic mechanisms. The mortality rate associated with BAC of 160 mg/100 ml was 55% and that of 280 mg/100 ml was 75%. PMID- 6684636 TI - A rapid liquid-liquid extraction clean-up method for the determination of volatile N-nitrosamines in cooked-out bacon fat. PMID- 6684637 TI - II.4.e A rapid dry-column method for the determination of N-nitrosopyrrolidine in fried bacon. PMID- 6684638 TI - Atrial natriuretic factor: reduced cardiac content in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - We recently discovered a potent natriuretic factor in cardiac atrial tissue. The present experiments were designed to determine whether hypertension was associated with altered tissue content of this atrial natriuretic factor. Extracts were prepared using fresh atria from spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto strain and from their Wistar-Kyoto controls. Two groups of anesthetized, normovolemic rats (Sprague-Dawley) were used to measure the renal natriuretic and chloriuretic effect of each type of extract. Results indicate that atrial content of natriuretic factor is reduced in hypertensive rats compared to control animals. We speculate that chronic release of the factor could have depleted atrial stores, and that increased blood levels of atrial natriuretic factor may be involved in the generation and maintenance of hypertension in this model. PMID- 6684639 TI - Involvement of the baroreceptor reflexes in the changes in blood pressure with sleep and mental arousal. AB - We have measured baroreflex sensitivity and blood pressure in 13 subjects during sleep and three stages of progressive mental arousal after waking. Baroreflex sensitivity was measured by correlating the increase in pulse interval with the increase in systolic pressure produced by an intravenous injection of 80 micrograms of phenylephrine. Blood pressure was measured directly from the brachial artery. During sleep, blood pressure fell and baroreflex sensitivity increased; with increasing mental arousal, blood pressure rose and baroreflex sensitivity decreased. These results suggest that baroreflex activity may be involved in the medium-term regulation of blood pressure during the day and night in addition to its recognized role in buffering acute changes in blood pressure. PMID- 6684640 TI - Monozygotic twinning and sirenomelia. PMID- 6684641 TI - The use of cell fusion to analyse factors involved in tumour cell metastasis. AB - Cell fusion has been used to study some of the factors involved in the process of metastasis. Highly metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells were fused with various non-metastatic cells and the hybrid clones isolated. These were then tested for their metastatic potential either by injecting the cells intravenously and measuring lung colony formation or by injecting the cells subcutaneously and measuring their ability to form lymphatic metastases. With most hybrid clones tested, the metastatic potential was either inhibited or greatly suppressed; thus this phenotype is a recessive characteristic. We also monitored the hybrid cells' ability to produce plasminogen activator (PA) a serine proteinase thought to be involved in the formation of metastatic lung foci. Whilst the highly metastatic parent cells produced large quantities of PA, none could be detected in the non metastatic lines. Although the hybrid clones produced little PA activity this could not be correlated with their decreased metastatic potential in that one clone, after extensive in vitro culture, reverted to a more metastatic line without a concomitant increase in PA activity. The suppressed PA activity may be due to the presence of an inhibitor that is spontaneously produced by the hybrid cells. PMID- 6684642 TI - Lepromin conversion in repeatedly lepromin negative BL/LL patients after immunization with autoclaved Mycobacterium w. AB - Thirty-two clinically, histopathologically confirmed cases of BL/LL leprosy were rendered bacteriologically negative by prolonged chemotherapy. All of them were negative to Mitsuda and Dharmendra lepromin at the start of study. They were immunized with a single intradermal injection of 5 X 10(7) autoclaved Mycobacterium w and were retested for lepromin reaction 4-6 weeks later. Twenty subjects gave at this time a positive reaction with both Dharmendra and Mitsuda lepromins. The histology of biopsies from converted cases showed mononuclear infiltration in all and granuloma formation in 12 of the 20 positive cases. The stability of the conversion of the patients' lepromin positivity was investigated 6-11 months after immunization with Mycobacterium w. Patients who were earlier converted to a positivity status remained positive in the skin test response to M. leprae. The leukocytes of these patients produced lymphokines on culture with lepromin, causing leukocyte migration inhibition. Patients who did not convert earlier continued to remain anergic to lepromin. These results suggest a conversion, stable for several months, to lepromin positivity caused by immunization with Mycobacterium w in about 60% of BL/LL leprosy patients. PMID- 6684643 TI - IgE in leprosy; effect of a Mycobacterium leprae-BCG vaccine. AB - Since some previous studies have reported elevated total serum IgE levels in leprosy, that may be associated with the existence of a state of generalized T cell anergy, we undertook a carefully controlled study of this immunoglobulin in such patients before and after treatment with a Mycobacterium leprae-BCG vaccine. We found, firstly, that lepromatous leprosy patients suffering active disease had only a moderate elevation of IgE levels that was not statistically significant when compared to appropriate controls. In addition, multiple injections of the vaccine did not cause alterations in the concentration of this immunoglobulin. We were, therefore, unable to confirm the possible existence of a generalized immunodeficiency in lepromatous leprosy that could cause hyper-production of IgE. PMID- 6684644 TI - Rosette-forming cells in patients with treated leprosy. AB - White blood cell counts and the percentages and absolute numbers of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of active lepromatous (BT, BB, BL) leprosy patients, patients with borderline leprosy, and normal controls were determined. Lepromatous patients showed decreased leukocyte counts and elevated percentages of lymphocytes, resulting in normal absolute lymphocyte counts. The proportion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells forming "active" rosettes, standard (4 degrees C overnight) rosettes, and "high affinity" (29 degrees C for 1 hr) rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, and rosettes with EAC were determined. Lepromatous patients, compared with normal controls, had decreased "active" rosettes, standard rosettes, and "high affinity" rosettes with sheep erythrocytes with an increase in the nonrosetting proportion. Both lepromatous and borderline leprosy patients showed increased percentages of EAC rosettes compared with normal controls. PMID- 6684646 TI - A comparative study of EFMT and sublimis transfer operations in the claw hand. AB - Two hundred cases each of EFMT and sublimis transfer operations performed for correction of claw hand deformity following Hansen's disease were studied and the results compared. The cases were selected by systematic sampling. The incidences of reclawing in the index, long, and ring fingers were found to be more in the EFMT series. Also the postoperative intrinsic plus deformity was seen more often in the ring and little fingers in the EFMT series. The occurrence of a sublimis minus deformity following removal of the sublimis tendon is recognized and described. Both operative procedures produced 95% satisfactory results. PMID- 6684645 TI - Dapsone levels after oral therapy and weekly oily injections in Ethiopian leprosy patients. PMID- 6684647 TI - An unusual location of leproma of bone; a case report. AB - A hyperactive leproma, stimulating osteoclastoma, was excised from the distal metaphysis of the left ulna in an 18-year-old girl with borderline-lepromatous leprosy of short duration. PMID- 6684648 TI - Survival of Mycobacterium leprae in mice administered several antibiotics per Os. PMID- 6684649 TI - Foam--the result of an interaction between unactivated macrophages and dead Mycobacterium leprae? PMID- 6684650 TI - Co-incident (simultaneous) dapsone sensitivity and dapsone-resistant leprosy. PMID- 6684651 TI - Sensitization and immunization by mycobacteria. PMID- 6684652 TI - Ultrastructure of the dinoflagellate amphiesma. PMID- 6684654 TI - Animal rights. PMID- 6684653 TI - The evolution of cerebral hemispheric lesions due to pre- or perinatal asphyxia (clinical and neuroradiological correlation). AB - The clinical, neurophysiological and neuroradiological data of 10 babies who, at the age of three months showed a severe leucomalacia usually combined with cortical atrophy, are presented. All had shown signs of intrauterine asphyxia and were severely hypotonic and suffered from seizures in the neonatal period. At the age of 3 months, all patients were hypo- or hypertonic and had infantile spasms. Computed tomography (CT) in the neonatal period showed unspecific hypodensities and at the age of 3 months the complete CT picture of leucomalacia. Thereafter, CT remained unchanged. An angiographic examination in two cases showed a very marked rarefication of the leptomeningeal vessels and circulatory delay in the medial cerebral artery. The risk factors leading to this clinical and neuroradiological picture are discussed. PMID- 6684655 TI - Recovery of Mycoplasma agalactiae from mastitic goat milk. AB - An organism recovered from mastitic milk of a newly freshened goat was identified as Mycoplasma agalactiae. The number of mycoplasmas in the mammary secretions was 6.3 x 10(7) colony-forming units/ml, indicating active infection. This was the second recovery of M agalactiae in the United States, but in contrast to the previous isolate from the joint of a goat reported to be avirulent following experimental inoculation, the large concentration of M agalactiae from mastitic milk is evidence that it possesses pathogenic potential. PMID- 6684656 TI - Arginine requirement of the young pig. AB - Four experiments were conducted with an arginine (Arg)-deficient, semipurified diet to determine the Arg requirement of the weanling pig. The semipurified diet contained .18% bioavailable Arg as determined by a chick bioassay procedure and, when properly supplemented with Arg, allowed rat growth equal to that obtained with a 19.2% protein corn-soybean meal diet. A preliminary experiment with pigs indicated that the semi-purified diet was markedly deficient in Arg. The Arg requirement of the pig was estimated by adding L-Arg to the semipurified diet such that final dietary Arg levels were .18, .23, .28, .38 and .48% (Exp. 2 and 3) or .48, .58 and .68% (Exp. 4). Weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization were maximized at .48% dietary Arg. Plasma urea-N was increased and plasma NH3-N decreased by .48% Arg compared with lower levels. A slight orotic aciduria was observed in pigs fed Arg levels below .48%. From these results, it is concluded that the Arg requirement of the weanling pig is .48% of the diet, a level twice the current NRC estimate. PMID- 6684657 TI - Estrone, estradiol-17 beta and progesterone concentrations in uterine lymph and systemic blood throughout the porcine estrous cycle. PMID- 6684658 TI - Effect of bovine serum albumin concentration on the development of ovine embryos in vitro. PMID- 6684659 TI - 25-hydroxyvitamin D hydroxylation. Evidence for a dioxygenase activity of solubilized renal mitochondrial cytochrome P-450. AB - Upon solubilization and partial purification, renal mitochondrial P-450 catalyzes both the 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the absence of NADPH. Neither 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 nor 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is further metabolized by the enzyme. Under similar conditions, P-450 obtained from hepatic microsomes or adrenal mitochondria is inactive as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 hydroxylase. Both hydroxylations are heat-sensitive and are inhibited by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin, 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3, EDTA, menadione, dithiothreitol, and cadmium but not by carbon monoxide. Cumene hydroperoxide does not facilitate either hydroxylation and no lipid peroxides can be detected in the system either prior to or after incubation with the substrate. Based on these data, it is proposed that during these hydroxylations P-450 is acting as a dioxygenase. The first step in the sequence of reactions is postulated to be a P-450-catalyzed formation of a hydroperoxide at carbon 1 of a substrate molecule. This is followed by the 25-hydroxyvitamin D hydroperoxide supported, P-450-catalyzed hydroxylation of another molecule of substrate at either the 1 alpha or the 24 position. During the cycle 1 alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 is also generated from the hydroperoxide. From this mechanism, it can be concluded that one form of P-450 is capable of catalyzing the production of both 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 6684660 TI - Morphological characterization of the cholesteryl ester cycle in cultured mouse macrophage foam cells. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages can be induced to accumulate cholesteryl esters by incubating them in the presence of acetylated low density lipoprotein. The cholesteryl esters are sequestered in neutral lipid droplets that remain in the cell even when the acetylated low density lipoprotein is removed from the culture media. Previous biochemical studies have determined that the cholesterol component of cholesteryl ester droplets constantly turns over with a half time of 24 h by a cyclic process of de-esterification and re-esterification. We have used morphologic techniques to determine the spatial relationship of cholesteryl ester, free cholesterol, and lipase activity during normal turnover and when turnover is disrupted. Lipid droplets were surrounded by numerous 7.5-10.0-nm filaments; moreover, at focal sites on the margin of each droplet there were whorles of concentrically arranged membrane that penetrated the matrix. Histochemically detectable lipase activity was associated with these stacks of membrane. Using filipin as a light and electron microscopic probe for free cholesterol, we determined that a pool of free cholesterol was associated with each lipid droplet. Following incubation in the presence of the exogenous cholesterol acceptor, high density lipoprotein, the cholesteryl ester droplets disappeared and were replaced with lipid droplets of a different lipid composition. Inhibition of cholesterol esterification caused cholesteryl ester droplets to disappear and free cholesterol to accumulate in numerous myelin-like structures in the body of the cell. PMID- 6684661 TI - Cytoplasmic organization in cerebellar dendritic spines. AB - Three sets of filamentous structures were found to be associated with synaptic junctions in slices of cerebellar tissue prepared by rapid-freezing and freeze etch techniques. The electron-dense fuzz subjacent to postsynaptic membranes corresponds to a web of 4-6-nm-diam filaments that were clearly visualized in rapid-frozen, freeze-etched preparations. Purkinje cell dendritic spines are filled with a meshwork of 5-7-nm filaments that were found to contact the spine membrane everywhere except at the synaptic junction, and extend through the neck of the spine into the parent dendrite. In addition, 8-10-nm microfilaments, possibly actin, were seen to be associated with the postsynaptic web and to extend into the body and neck of the spine. The arrangements and attachments of the filamentous elements in the Purkinje cell dendritic spine may account for its shape. PMID- 6684662 TI - Subcellular distribution of rhodamine-actin microinjected into living fibroblastic cells. AB - The time course and pattern of incorporation of rhodamine-labeled actin microinjected into cultured fibroblastic cells were examined by fluorescence microscopy. Following microinjection, the fluorescent probe was incorporated rapidly into ruffling membranes, and within 5 min faintly fluorescent stress fibers were observed. Levels of fluorescence in ruffling membranes then tended to remain constant while fluorescence of the stress fibers continued to increase until approximately 20-min postinjection. Small, discrete regions of some microinjected cells displayed high levels of fluorescence that appeared initially approximately 5-10 min postinjection. I observed these small areas of intense fluorescence frequently near the cell periphery, which corresponded to focal contacts when examined with interference reflection optics. The results of this study show that a relationship exists between patterns of fluorescent actin incorporation in these cells and cellular areas or structures presumed to play a role in cell movement. These findings suggest that actin within stress fibers and the microfilament network of ruffling membranes undergoes a rapid turnover that may relate directly to the motility of the cell. PMID- 6684663 TI - Microinjection of fluorescent tubulin into dividing sea urchin cells. AB - To follow the dynamics of microtubule (MT) assembly and disassembly during mitosis in living cells, tubulin has been covalently modified with the fluorochrome 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl)aminofluorescein and microinjected into fertilized eggs of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. The changing distribution of the fluorescent protein probe is visualized in a fluorescence microscope coupled to an image intensification video system. Cells that have been injected with fluorescent tubulin show fluorescent linear polymers that assemble very rapidly and radiate from the spindle poles, coincident with the position of the astral fibers. No fluorescent polymer is apparent in other areas of the cytoplasm. When fluorescent tubulin is injected near the completion of anaphase, little incorporation of fluorescent tubulin into polymer is apparent, suggesting that new polymerization does not occur past a critical point in anaphase. These results demonstrate that MT polymerization is very rapid in vivo and that the assembly is both temporally and spatially regulated within the injected cells. Furthermore, the microinjected tubulin is stable within the sea urchin cytoplasm for at least 1 h since it can be reutilized in successive daughter cell spindles. Control experiments indicate that the observed fluorescence is dependent on MT assembly. The fluorescence is greatly diminished upon treatment of the cells with cold or colchicine agents known to cause the depolymerization of assembled MT. In addition, cells injected with fluorescent bovine serum albumin or assembly incompetent fluorescent tubulin do not exhibit fluorescence localized in the spindle but rather appear diffusely fluorescent throughout the cytoplasm. PMID- 6684664 TI - Canavanine inhibits vimentin assembly but not its synthesis in chicken embryo erythroid cells. AB - In chicken embryo erythroid cells, newly synthesized vimentin first enters a Triton X-100 (TX-100)-soluble pool and subsequently assembles posttranslationally into TX-100-insoluble vimentin filaments (Blikstad I., and E. Lazarides, J. Cell Biol., 96:1803-1808). Here we show that incubation of chicken embryo erythroid cells in a medium in which arginine has been substituted by its amino acid analogue, canavanine, results in the inhibition of the posttranslational assembly of vimentin into the TX-100-insoluble filaments. Immunoprecipitation and subsequent SDS gel electrophoresis showed that the synthesis of canavanine vimentin is not inhibited and that it accumulates in the TX-100-soluble compartment. Pulse-chase experiments with [35S]methionine demonstrated that while arginine-vimentin can be rapidly chased from the soluble to the cytoskeletal fraction, canavanine-vimentin remains in the soluble fraction, where it turns over. The effect of canavanine on the assembly of vimentin did not prevent the assembly of arginine-vimentin, as cells labeled with [35S]methionine first in the presence of canavanine and then in the presence of arginine contained labeled canavanine-vimentin only in the soluble fraction, and arginine-vimentin in both the soluble and cytoskeletal fractions. These results suggest that arginine residues play an essential role in the assembly of vimentin in vivo. PMID- 6684666 TI - Development of cell junctions in sea-urchin embryos. AB - The development of cell junctions in sea-urchin embryos has been investigated using thin sections, lanthanum-tracer and freeze-fracture techniques. Three types of desmosomes are present: belt desmosomes and spot desmosomes, which attach cells to each other, and hemi-desmosomes, which attach cells to the basement membrane. Two types of septate junctions are present: the straight, unbranched, double-septum septate, which is present in epithelial cells throughout embryogenesis, and the pleated, anastomosing, single-septum septate. The latter is formed only on cells that have invaginated to the interior of the embryo to form the digestive tract. The pleated junctions are shown to replace the straight junctions that were originally present before the cells migrated to the interior. It is suggested that these pleated septates may be specialized for digestive processes, since they are developed just prior to feeding and are retained in the adult intestine. Tricellular junctions, which join the bicellular junctions of three adjoining cells, have been identified in the embryo and in the adult intestine. Evidence for the presence of gap junctions was not obtained, but there are indications of their presence. PMID- 6684665 TI - Isolation and characterization of vitamin A-sensitive Chinese hamster lung cell lines. AB - Retinyl acetate (RA)-sensitive variants (RAs-2 and RAs-3) of V79 cell line were isolated after mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The variants were stable and showed a 3- to 4-fold increase in sensitivity to RA compared to parental V79 cells. The RAs-2 clone was also sensitive to retinol and retinol palmitate. The RA-sensitivity behaves as a recessive trait in all hybrids of RAs-2 and V79. A number of physiological parameters were indistinguishable in V79 and RAs-2 cells, including the extent of uptake of [3H]retinol, the release of K+ from the cells induced by RA, and the levels of retinol and retinoic acid binding proteins. However, one possible correlation with the RA-sensitive phenotype was observed: Gomori acid-phosphatase staining of RA-treated RAs-2 and V79 cells indicated that lysosomal membrane of RAs-2 cells was more labile than those of the parental V79 cells. PMID- 6684668 TI - Legal issues raised by private review activities of medical peer-review organizations. AB - Increasingly, medical peer-review organizations are entering into contracts with insurance companies and self-insured employers to conduct utilization reviews and quality-of-care assessments. Such private review activities raise new legal issues, requiring analysis of state law as well as federal law. This paper analyzes several of the most important of these legal issues, and suggests some directions for peer-review organizations to take in order to avoid unnecessary legal problems. PMID- 6684667 TI - Estrogen and progesterone receptors in human uterus and oviduct. AB - The binding of 3H-estradiol and 3H-R5020 (dimethyl-19-norpregna-4,9-diene-3,20 dione) to estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in human uterus and oviduct were studied. The binding of the ligands to their respective receptors were of high specificity and affinity. The equilibrium dissociation constants for ER and PR were 0.07 +/- 0.025 nM respective 0.76 +/- 0.22 nM in the oviduct and 0.065 +/- 0.015 nM respective 0.82 +/- 0.25 nM in the uterus (mean +/- SE) (n = 12). Sucrose density gradient centrifugation revealed in both tissues specific binding in the area sedimenting at 8 S whereas the slower sedimenting 4 S and 5 S peaks contained both specific and non-specific binding. The oviductal cytosol contained a similar proteolytical activity that has been described in human uterine and breast cancer tissue. The protease, which can be inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, converts the 8 S receptor from into a 4.2 S proteolytic fragment. The KCl-extracted uterine and oviductal estrogen and progesterone receptors sedimented at 5.2 S in both low salt (0.01 M KCl) and high salt (0.4 M KCl) sucrose gradients. It is well known that the suppression of the estrogen receptor system by progesterone correlates with suppressed function in the oviduct but with increased growth and secretory activity in the uterus. In the light of the present data it is concluded, that the difference in the hormonal response in the two tissues is most likely not due to differences in the binding characteristics of the estrogen or progesterone receptors. PMID- 6684669 TI - Actin in peripheral rat lung: S1 labeling and structural changes induced by cytochalasin. AB - Actin was identified with S1-labeling in type I and II cells, pericytes, and capillary endothelial cells in the peripheral lung of the adult rat. In type II cells abundant actin was present in the apex of cells, in microvilli, and in close association with lamellar bodies near the cell surface. Lamellar bodies secreting their content into the lumen of alveoli were always surrounded by a thick layer of actin-like material. In specimens treated with cytochalasin D the surface of type I, type II and contractile interstitial cells became irregular. In type II cells, lamellar bodies were no longer surrounded by actin-like material and no exocytic profiles of lamellar bodies were encountered. In type II cells actin filaments may be involved in moving lamellar bodies through the cytoplasm and/or in their secretion into alveoli. These observations also suggest that intact actin filaments may be required for maintenance of cell shape in various lung cells and that cells containing actin may be capable of limited contraction. PMID- 6684670 TI - [MTX sensitivity and the mechanism of resistance of various choriocarcinoma cells in culture]. AB - The sensitivity to methotrexate (MTX) and mechanisms of the drug resistance of seven kinds of human choriocarcinoma cell lines were studied in vitro. The results were as follows. Each cell line of HCCM-5 , BeWo, IMa, and NUC-1 secreted more than 200ng/10(6) cells/48 hours of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), whereas GCH-1, ENAMI-1, and SCH secreted less than 20ng/10(6) cells/48 hours. HCCM-5 cell line was the most sensitive to MTX judging from the inhibition of both 3H-thymidine uptake and cell growth in vitro. Each cell line of BeWo, IMa, and NUC-1 revealed sensitivity to 2 X 10(-8)M MTX, but such cell lines as GCH-1, ENAMI-1, and SCH showed resistance to MTX. The cell lines which revealed sensitivity to MTX incorporated more 3H-MTX and showed less intracellular dihydrofolate reductase activity than resistant cell lines. PMID- 6684671 TI - [Analysis of cytotoxicity in cultured choriocarcinoma cell lines using methotrexate and actinomycin-D]. AB - The cytotoxicity of methotrexate (MTX) and actinomycin-D (Act-D), and the influence of Citrovorum factor on MTX-treated cells were analyzed in vitro, using two choriocarcinoma cell lines (BeWo and SCH). HCG and beta-HCG in medium were measured with a radioimmunoassay kit, and 3H-MTX,-thymidine, and-uridine with a liquid scintillation counter. The following results were obtained. The MTX resistant cell line of BeWo, named BeWo, was selected by continuous exposure to increasing concentration of MTX in culture medium. The resistant cell was 50 to 100 times as resistant to MTX as the parent BeWo to the inhibition of cell growth and the development of resistance was accompanied by two-third decrease in 3H-MTX transport. The cytotoxicity of MTX and Act-D were found to increase linearly with the drug dose for concentrations between 10(-9) and 10(-4)M, 10(-10) and 10(-7)M, respectively. Act-D caused lethal damage in three choriocarcinoma cells (BeWo, SCH and BeWo) at one-thousandths the concentration of MTX. Citrovorum factor given within twelve hours following the start of methotrexate administration decreased in 3H-MTX transport and inhibited MTX-induced growth. PMID- 6684672 TI - The relationship among ovarian condition, steroid hormones, and estrous behavior in Anolis carolinensis. AB - The lizard Anolis carolinensis ovulates a single egg alternately from each ovary every 14 days. The ovulated egg enters the ipsilateral oviduct, acquires a shell, and is oviposited 18 or 19 days later. Thus, there is only a single egg in one of the oviducts (one-egg condition) during most of the estrous cycle, but there is a 4-5 day period when a mature, shelled egg is in one oviduct while a recently ovulated egg is in the contralateral oviduct (two-egg condition). Analysis of ovarian follicular diameters indicates that the largest follicle in a single ovary exhibits a growth spurt about halfway through its 28-day vitellogenic growth phase. The corpus luteum, once formed from the ovulated follicle, exhibits a linear decrease in weight, becoming fully regressed just before oviposition of the egg in the ipsilateral oviduct. Plasma concentrations of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone are high in two-egg animals. After oviposition, plasma concentrations of progesterone are still high in one-egg animals whereas those of estradiol-17 beta are much lower. These ovarian and hormonal changes during the estrous cycle are discussed in relation to the probable sources of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone, the control of the alternating pattern of ovulation and oviposition, and the role of steroid hormones in female sexual receptivity in this species. PMID- 6684673 TI - Experimental evidence for the accumulation of egg pigment in the brain cavities of Xenopus tadpoles. AB - The origin and fate of darkly pigmented clusters of cells that float freely in the brain cavities of the tadpoles of Xenopus laevis have been experimentally investigated. The results point to the conclusion that the clusters are the sites of egg pigment accumulation, which remain within the brain cavities or at its walls until metamorphosis. PMID- 6684675 TI - Shock-elicited aggression as a function of acute and chronic ethanol challenges. AB - In a test of competing hypotheses regarding the effects of alcohol on shock elicited aggression, animals maintained on a food restricted regimen were administered either chronic or acute ethanol challenges. Chronic Ss showed a significantly higher rate of target-directed aggression and spent significantly more time in aggressive activity than did acute or saline control animals. Results support the proposed interactive effect of food restriction and extended periods of alcohol intake leading to increased aggression. PMID- 6684674 TI - Antiviral activities of cloned human leukocyte interferons against herpes simplex virus type 2 infections of mice. AB - Human alpha-interferons (IFN-alpha s) made in bacteria were examined for antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections of mouse L-cells in vitro, and acute cervicovaginal and lethal systemic HSV-2 infections of BALB/c mice. The recombinant DNA-derived hybrid interferon IFN alpha AD(Bgl) showed pronounced antiviral activity in vitro, exceeding the activity of either of the parental subtypes IFN-alpha A and IFN-alpha D and that of the other hybrids IFN-alpha AD(Pvu) and IFN-alpha DA(Bgl). A combination of topical and systemic treatments with IFN-alpha A and IFN-alpha AD(Bgl) failed to protect mice from subsequent challenge with an acute cervicovaginal infection of HSV-2. Protection from lethal systemic HSV-2 infection in mice was observed when IFN-alpha AD(Bgl) and IFN-alpha AD(Pvu) were administered systemically, whereas IFN-alpha A failed to confer protection. These results suggest that for protection against infection with HSV-2, the routes of introduction of the virus and of the interferon influence the host response to interferon therapy. PMID- 6684676 TI - Intramedullary spinal cord metastases. AB - The authors report 5 cases of intramedullary metastases, observed in the last 5 years. In 2 cases, the way of spreading was via the CSF, in 2 cases via the systemic circulation, and in 1 case along the perineural sheaths. A comparison with similar studies in the literature is followed by a brief discussion on treatment and prognosis. PMID- 6684677 TI - Effects of chronic alcohol consumption and iron deficiency on maternal folate status and reproductive outcome in mice. AB - The influence of chronic alcohol consumption with or without iron deficiency on reproductive performance and folate status was studied. Female CBA/J mice were fed isocaloric liquid diets prior to and during pregnancy. A 2 X 2 factorial design was employed with ethanol-derived calories (EDC) and iron (Fe) as dietary variables. Groups received 0% EDC and 30 ppm Fe (CA); 0% EDC and 2 ppm Fe (CD); 20% EDC and 30 ppm Fe (EA); and 20% EDC and 2 ppm Fe (ED). Animals were killed on day 18 of gestation. Mean body weights were reduced in CD, EA and ED groups, while daily caloric intakes reduced only in CD and ED groups. Maternal values for hemoglobin, transferrin saturation and red cell folates decreased with iron deficiency and/or 20% EDC; hematocrit, serum iron and serum folates decreased only with iron deficiency. Blood ethanol levels were similar in EA and ED groups. Maternal liver total lipids and alcohol dehydrogenase activity increased only with 20% EDC, while dihydrofolate reductase activity decreased with iron deficiency and/or 20% EDC. Iron deficiency and/or 20% EDC adversely affected gestational performances in mice as indicated by increased resorptions and decreased percentages of live fetuses/litters and live fetal weights. Data indicate that iron deficiency and/or chronic ethanol consumption induce adverse effects on maternal reproductive performance of CBA/J mice possibly via alteration of folate metabolism. PMID- 6684678 TI - Chronobiologic considerations in human growth hormone therapy. AB - Because there is a striking diurnal variation in serum growth hormone concentration, the effect of the time of administration of growth hormone replacement therapy was examined in nine children with growth hormone deficiency. No differences in growth rate or somatomedin concentration were noted between morning and evening treatment schedules. Somatomedin concentrations were not constant over the 48 hours between growth hormone injections, and the peak value occurred approximately 24 hours after the growth hormone injection. Thus the timing of growth hormone administration is not an important aspect of growth hormone therapy. PMID- 6684680 TI - High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin therapy for passive immune thrombocytopenia in the neonate. PMID- 6684679 TI - Intravenous use of gammaglobulin in the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura as a means to defer splenectomy. AB - Intravenous gammaglobulin was used to treat 12 children with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura in order to avoid splenectomy. The average rise in platelet count with initial treatment was 226,000/microliters. Currently, one patient is in remission, four patients maintain platelet counts greater than 40,000/microliters without treatment, four patients maintain platelet counts greater than 40,000/microliters with single maintenance infusions of IV IgG at four- or 10-week intervals; three patients did not respond to treatment. In nine of 12 patients, splenectomy was avoided or at least postponed. In responding patients, we were able to discontinue immunosuppressive medication. Platelet count rises with initial IV IgG therapy were correlated with both platelet antibody levels and with a better long-term outcome. Toxicity was minimal. PMID- 6684681 TI - A critique of Plomin and Foch's "A Twin Study of Objectively Assessed Personality in Childhood". AB - Plomin and Foch's (1980) study of objectively assessed personality in childhood is critiqued on five points: (a) conceptual validity of the measures, (b) stability of the measures for the population age range, (c) comparability of populations, (d) accuracy of literature review, and (e) appropriate interpretation of broad heritability data. The Plomin and Foch study contains major errors; it is theoretically and methodologically flawed. Their report is especially significant because it is representative of problems critical to the study of the genetic correlates of personality. PMID- 6684682 TI - Time-dependent kinetics VII: effect of diurnal oscillations on the time course of carbamazepine autoinduction in the rhesus monkey. AB - Extensive blood sampling and repeated long-term carbamazepine infusions were carried out in four rhesus monkeys to examine the time course of carbamazepine autoinduction in detail and assess the intraanimal variability in the rate constant of induction. Diurnal oscillations in carbamazepine blood levels were observed during all infusions and these prevented a good data fit for the biochemical model previously proposed for describing the decline in drug blood levels during induction by carbamazepine. An attempt at fitting only selected blood samples to the model resulted in variable (and perhaps questionable) induction rate constants, even in the same animal. Previous variability in calculated induction rate constants may be due to the presence of diurnal oscillations superimposed on the autoinduction phenomenon. It is proposed that the simultaneous expression of diurnal oscillations and autoinduction are the result of effects on drug metabolism at two independent levels. PMID- 6684683 TI - Time course of functional tolerance produced in mice by inhalation of ethanol. AB - Continuing our characterization of the ethanol inhalation model for chronic ethanol administration, we have now measured the magnitude and time course of functional tolerance, for comparison with physical dependence and with biochemical and biophysical studies of tissues taken from alcohol-treated mice. Ethanol was administered to mice by inhalation for 1 to 9 days, using pyrazole to maintain continuously elevated blood ethanol levels. At different times after termination of the ethanol administration, a test dose of ethanol was administered by injection and the sensitivity of the mice was assessed by measuring the brain concentration of ethanol at which the animals lost their balance on a horizontal rod. Tolerance, tested at 6 hr after withdrawal and expressed as a ratio of brain ethanol concentrations of mice that had been chronically treated with ethanol and their controls, was measurable after only 1 day of ethanol treatment and increased further in experiments of 3 and 6 days duration, but did not continue to increment during 9 days of alcohol inhalation. The tolerance disappeared rapidly after withdrawal; it was maximal at the earliest test; 2 hr after withdrawal, but decayed progressively and was no longer appreciable 30 hr after withdrawal. The method is suitable for accurate measurement of ethanol sensitivity, even when residual alcohol remains from the chronic treatment. PMID- 6684684 TI - Maintenance of behavior by postponement of scheduled injections of nicotine in squirrel monkeys. AB - Responding by squirrel monkeys was maintained under a schedule of i.v. nicotine postponement. Each lever-pressing response postponed an impending i.v. injection for 60 sec; in the absence of responding, injections occurred very 20 sec. The lowest dose of nicotine (10 micrograms/kg/injection) maintained rates of responding that were only slightly higher than those maintained by saline. Intermediate doses (30 or 56 micrograms/kg/injection), however, maintained rates and patterns of responding that were similar to those maintained by electric shock under an identical schedule of postponement. At the highest dose (100 micrograms/kg/injection), nicotine disrupted responding and induced vomiting in each monkey. Presession treatment with mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg i.m.), a nicotinic antagonist with both central and peripheral effects, shifted the nicotine dose response curve to the right by about 1 log unit and blocked nicotine-induced emesis. In contrast, presession treatment with hexamethonium (1.0 or 10.0 mg/kg i.m.), a nicotinic antagonist with primarily peripheral effects, did not produce an overall rightward shift in the nicotine dose-response curve, although it did reduce the rate of responding maintained by the intermediate doses of nicotine and blocked emesis. Neither mecamylamine nor hexamethonium systematically altered responding maintained by electric shock under the schedule of postponement. The results show that schedule-characteristic performances can be maintained by postponement of i.v. injections of nicotine and that the maintenance of responding under the postponement schedule depends largely on the actions of nicotine in the central nervous system. PMID- 6684685 TI - Oral d-amphetamine and ketamine self-administration by rhesus monkeys: effects of food deprivation. AB - Orally delivered d-amphetamine and ketamine were tested for their ability to maintain self-administration behavior by substituting them for phencyclidine. Six monkeys were trained to self-administer phencyclidine (0.25 mg/ml) and water under a concurrent fixed-ratio 16 schedule during 3-hr sessions. At the start of the experiment the monkeys were maintained at 85% of their free-feeding body weights. Liquid deliveries were contingent upon lip-contact responses on solenoid operated drinking spouts. When d-amphetamine (0.0156-0.25 mg/ml) was substituted for phencyclidine, maximum drug intake ranged from 1 to 1.5 mg/kg among three monkeys, and response rates were greatest at the three lower concentrations (0.0156-0.0625 mg/ml). When monkeys were food satiated, maximum d-amphetamine intake ranged from 0.3 to 1.1 mg/kg among three monkeys, and response rates were greatest at the higher concentrations (0.125-0.25 mg/ml). In the second experiment, ketamine (0.125-4 mg/ml) was substituted for phencyclidine (0.25 mg/ml). Maximum ketamine intake ranged from 14.5 to 44.5 mg/kg among three monkeys, and maximum responding occurred at the 0.25- and 1-mg/ml concentrations. Food satiation reduced maximum ketamine intake (7.1-22.3 mg/kg) among three monkeys. With both d-amphetamine and ketamine, responding was evenly distributed throughout the session during food satiation, whereas during food deprivation, most responding occurred within the 1st hr of the session. These results showed that substitution procedures can be effectively used to demonstrate the reinforcing effects of orally delivered d-amphetamine and ketamine. Food deprivation generally increased drug-reinforced responding; however, at the higher concentrations of drug this difference was greatly diminished.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6684687 TI - Exacerbation of collagen arthritis by noise stress. AB - We evaluated the effect of noise exposure on collagen arthritis in rats. Ninety eight female Wistar rats were transported and subjected to a 90-decibel noise during a 1-h period for 7 days commencing 3 days prior to immunization with type II collagen. As a control, 99 rats received simultaneous immunizations but were otherwise left undisturbed. Noise exposure was associated with statistically significant increases in the prevalence of arthritis (p less than 0.05) and, early in its course, in the severity (p less than 0.001) of arthritis. PMID- 6684688 TI - Simultaneous occurrence in identical twins of discoid lupus erythematosus and polymorphic light eruption. PMID- 6684689 TI - Synthesis and pH-dependent stability of purine-6-sulfenic acid, a putative reactive metabolite of 6-thiopurine. AB - Previous studies have shown that 6-thiopurine is metabolically activated by hepatic cytochrome P-450 to an intermediate capable of binding to proteins by a mixed disulfide linkage. The identity of the active metabolite was postulated to be purine-6-sulfenic acid. In the present report, we describe the synthesis of the sulfenic acid derivatives of 6-thiopurine and two structurally similar compounds, 9-methyl-6-thiopurine and 4-mercapto-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidine. The unusual pH-dependent stability profiles of these compounds in buffered aqueous media are presented and explained on the basis of a disproportionation mechanism of sulfenic acid decomposition. Studies with radiolabeled purine-6 sulfenic acid demonstrate that this species binds directly to hepatic microsomal protein. These results support the proposed involvement of purine-6-sulfenic acid in the metabolic activation and tissue binding of 6-thiopurine. PMID- 6684686 TI - Neurogenic vasodilatation in isolated bovine and canine penile arteries. AB - Field stimulation of isolated, perfused bovine or canine penile arteries produced dilatation, after the adrenergic motor component of the response had been blocked with guanethidine and the vessels had developed a background tone. The vasodilatation was blocked by tetrodotoxin but not by atropine. The vasodilator responses to field stimulation were compared with those produced by ATP, by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and by the inhibitory factor extracted from the bovine retractor penis muscle. Of the three putative transmitters, the inhibitory factor produced responses that most closely resembled those to field stimulation. Haemoglobin, which blocks non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory transmission in the bovine and canine retractor penis muscles, did not impair the vasodilatations produced by ATP or VIP, but slowly reduced or abolished those produced by field stimulation or by the inhibitory factor. Haemoglobin itself produced a powerful constriction of the isolated penile arteries. The results are compatable with the possibility that the inhibitory factor from the bovine retractor penis muscle (which may be the inhibitory transmitter in that muscle) is, or closely resembles, the transmitter of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic vasodilator fibres in the penile arteries of dog and ox. PMID- 6684690 TI - Synthesis and antitumor activity of 7- and 9-(6'-deoxy-alpha-L-talofuranosyl) hypoxanthine and 9-(6'-deoxy-alpha-L-talofuranosyl)-6-thiopurine. AB - Reaction of 6-deoxy-2,3,5-tris-O-(p-nitrobenzoyl)-L-talofuranosyl bromide (1) with the trimethylsilyl derivative of hypoxanthine, followed by removal of blocking groups, afforded 9- (6) and 7-(6'-deoxy-alpha-L talofuranosyl)hypoxanthine (7). A study of the published optical rotations and circular dichroic (CD) spectra of pentofuranosylpurines and of (6'-deoxy-beta-D allo- and -alpha-L-talofuranosyl)purines prepared here suggests that the sign of rotation and the sign of the longer wavelength Cotton effect is determined solely by the configuration of C-1' and its position of attachment to the purine ring. For C-1' R nucleosides, the sign is negative for N-9-linked purine nucleosides and positive for the N-7-linked isomers, and vice versa for C-1'S purine nucleosides. Reaction of 1 with the trimethylsilyl derivative of 6-chloropurine afforded 4, which upon treatment with thiourea and deblocking yielded 9-(6'-deoxy alpha-L-talofuranosyl)-6-thiopurine (8). Unlike the previously prepared 7-(6' deoxy-beta-D-allofuranosyl) hypoxanthine which strongly inhibited purine nucleoside phosphorylase, compounds 6-8 did not inhibit this enzyme. Compound 8 significantly inhibited the growth of L1210 tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6684691 TI - Potential tissue-imaging agents: 23-(trimethyl [117mSn]stannyl)-24-nor-5 alpha cholan-3 beta-ol. AB - Tin-117m-labeled 23-(trimethylstannyl)-24-nor-5 alpha-cholan-3 beta-ol (2) has been prepared by reaction of trimethyl [117mSn]tin lithium with 3 beta-acetoxy-23 bromo-24-nor-5 alpha-cholane (1). Tin-117m (2) shows pronounced adrenal uptake (2.5% injected dose) in female rats 1 day after injection. Furthermore, the adrenal to liver (9.1:1) and adrenal to blood (33.7:1) ratios are high after this period. The absorbed radiation dose values from [117mSn]2 to human organs have also been estimated by using rat tissue distribution and excretion data. [117mSn]2 is the first reported tissue-specific organic radiopharmaceutical labeled with this nuclide and may have potential as an adrenal imaging agent. PMID- 6684692 TI - Absence of genetic heterogeneity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy shown by a linkage study using two cloned DNA sequences. AB - A linkage study using two different restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) identified with cloned DNA sequences has failed to provide evidence for genetic heterogeneity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) when tested against intelligence quotient (IQ). Analysis of data for age of confinement to a wheelchair against IQ gave no evidence for heterogeneity. These results are of a practical as well as theoretical significance, since the existence of multiple loci causing DMD would make it more difficult to apply linkage data to genotype prediction in this disease. PMID- 6684693 TI - The use of linked DNA polymorphisms for genotype prediction in families with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Two DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms show genetic linkage to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus on the short arm of the X chromosome. Examples are given of families in which these polymorphisms can be used in the prediction of genotype for this disorder. PMID- 6684695 TI - Procedure for freeze-drying molecules adsorbed to mica flakes. AB - The quick-freeze, deep-etch, rotary-replication technique is useful for visualizing cells and cell fractions but does not work with suspensions of macromolecules. These inevitably clump or collapse during deep-etching, presumably due to surface tension forces that develop during their transfer from ice to vacuum. Previous protocols have attempted to overcome such forces by attaching macromolecules to freshly cleaved mica before drying and replication. I describe here an adaptation of this procedure to the deep-etch technique as otherwise practiced. My innovation is to mix the molecules with an aqueous suspension of tiny flakes of mica and then to quick-freeze and freeze-fracture the suspension exactly as if one were dealing with cells. The fracture inevitably strikes the surfaces of many mica flakes and thereby cleaves the adsorbed macromolecules cleanly enough to reveal interesting substructure within them. The subsequent step of deep-etching exposes large expanses of unfractured mica and thus reveals intact macromolecules. These macromolecules are not obscured by salt deposits, even if they were frozen in hypertonic solutions, apparently because the fracturing step removes nearly all of the overlying electrolyte. Moreover, these macromolecules are minimally freeze-dried (since exposure is sufficient after only 3 min of etching at -102 degrees C) so they retain their three dimensional topology. I show that molluscan hemocyanin is a good internal standard for this new technique. It is available commercially in stable solutions, mixes well with all sizes of macromolecules, and consists of particles that display distinct five-start surface helices, which have been measured carefully in the past and which possess a known handedness, useful for determining the orientation of micrographs when examining the various helical patterns possessed by most types of extended macromolecules. The fractured hemocyanin particles also display characteristic internal structures, which permit determination of the elevation of the "molecular cleavage" described above. Finally, molluscan hemocyanin is delicate enough to reflect bad freezing or poor replication, if these steps become a problem. A survey of several macromolecules is presented, including soluble enzymes, antibodies, filamentous proteins and nucleoproteins. These images, for the most part, correspond to those previously obtained by negative staining. New details of their structures are noted, and the images are used to illustrate both the advantages and drawbacks of the new procedure. PMID- 6684694 TI - The fragile X: a scanning electron microscope study. AB - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to study the fragile X chromosome. The fragile site appears as an isochromatid gap in the majority of cases, confirming light microscope (LM) observations. SEM has allowed a more precise location of the fragile site to the Xq27 . 3 region. PMID- 6684696 TI - Three-dimensional structure of the insect (Lethocerus) flight muscle M-band. AB - The oval myosin filament profiles in transverse sections through the M-band of Lethocerus flight muscle are arranged in one of three orientations 60 degrees apart and point along the 11 directions of the hexagonal filament lattice. Relative orientations are not systematically related to give a superlattice structure, but neither are the orientations arranged completely randomly. In fact there is a nearly random structure with a slight bias towards adjacent filaments being identically oriented. This form of M-band structure is explained in terms of interactions between quasi-equivalent M-bridges. Its implications with regard to myosin crossbridge arrangement depend on the rotational symmetry of the crossbridge helix. For 6-stranded helices, 60 degrees rotations have no noticeable effect. However, in the case of the more likely 4-stranded structure, our results show that the crossbridge origins in the insect flight muscle A-band would be highly disordered. This disorder must be accounted for in interpreting both the flared-X crossbridge interactions seen in transverse sections of rigor insect flight muscle and the beautiful X-ray diffraction patterns from the same preparation. It is likely that in rigor insect muscle, some flared-Xs have the two heads of single myosin molecules interacting with two different actin filaments, whereas other flared-Xs have both of the myosin heads in one molecule interacting with the same actin filament. PMID- 6684697 TI - Refined structure of the gene 5 DNA binding protein from bacteriophage fd. AB - The three-dimensional structure of the gene 5 DNA binding protein (G5BP) from bacteriophage fd has been determined from a combination of multiple isomorphous replacement techniques, partial refinements and deleted fragment difference Fourier syntheses. The structure was refined using restrained parameter least squares and difference Fourier methods to a final residual of R = 0.217 for the 3528 statistically significant reflections present to 2.3 A resolution. In addition to the 682 atoms of the protein, 12 solvent molecules were included. We describe here the dispositions and orientations of the amino acid side-chains and their interactions as visualized in the G5BP structure. The G5BP monomer of 87 peptide units is almost entirely in the beta-conformation, organized as a three stranded sheet, a two-stranded beta-ribbon and a broad connecting loop. There is no alpha-helix present in the molecule. Two G5BP monomers are tightly interlocked about an intermolecular dyad axis to form a compact dimer unit of about 55 A X 45 A X 36 A. The dimer is characterized by two symmetry-related antiparallel clefts that traverse the monomer surfaces essentially perpendicular to the dyad axis. From the three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet, formed from the first two-thirds of the sequence, extend three tyrosine residues (26, 34, 41), a lysine (46) and two arginine residues (16, 21) that, as indicated by other physical and chemical experiments, are directly involved in DNA binding. Other residues likely to share binding responsibility are arginine 80 extending from the beta-ribbon and phenylalanine 73 from the tip of this loop, but as provided, however, by the opposite monomer within each G5BP dimer pair. Thus, both symmetry-related DNA binding sites have a composite nature and include contributions from both elements of the dimer. The gene 5 dimer is clearly the active binding species, and the two monomers within the dyad-related pair are so structurally contiguous that one cannot be certain whether the isolated monomer would maintain its observed crystal structure. This linkage is manifested primarily as a skeletal core of hydrophobic residues that extends from the center of each monomer continuously through an intermolecular beta-barrel that joins the pair. Protruding from the major area of density of each monomer is an elongated wing of tenuous structure comprising residues 15 through 32, which is, we believe, intimately involved in DNA binding. This wing appears to be dynamic and mobile, even in the crystal and, therefore, is likely to undergo conformational change in the presence of the ligand. PMID- 6684698 TI - Nutritional parameters in homebound persons of greatly advanced age. AB - There exists a deficiency of accurate information regarding standard nutritional parameters in people of greatly advanced age. In order to begin obtaining appropriate data, we assessed nutritional status in 45 elderly homebound individuals with a mean age of 84 yr, using anthropometric methods, skin testing, and blood analysis. We compared our data with those from the HANES survey, a reasonable approach to the testing of new possible standards for nutritional assessment. Our results suggest that standard measures in common use are inappropriate for people of greatly advanced age. PMID- 6684699 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Fundamental and clinical studies were made on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) and the results were obtained as follows. Serum and uterine tissue concentrations of T 1982 were determined at 26 minutes before and at 20 to 80 minutes after the completion of intravenous drip infusion of 1 g. The levels of T-1982 in the fallopian tube, ovarium, endometrium, myometrium and uterine cervix were 23.7, 19.5, 50.5, 10.9 micrograms/g and 17.5 micrograms/g at 20 minutes after the completion of infusion. The levels were sufficiently effective against major pathogens (Gram negative bacteria and anaerobic bacilli) isolated in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. T-1982 was administered to 11 patients, including 7 of acute adnexitis, each one of pelveoperitonitis, pyometra, puerperal fever, and 1 of puerperal fever with sepsis, at a dose of 1-2 g twice a day for a period of 5 to 9 days by intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion. Clinical responses were excellent in 5, good in 3 and poor in 3. No adverse reactions nor marked changes in laboratory findings were observed in any of the cases treated with T-1982. PMID- 6684701 TI - [Prostaglandin-induced periostitis]. PMID- 6684700 TI - [Platelet destruction by reticulum cells in the bone marrow in a case of thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 6684702 TI - [Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on the amount of phenobarbital inducible form of cytochrome P-450 and its localization in the hepatic lobule of the rat]. PMID- 6684704 TI - [Therapeutic effect of prostaglandin E1 infusion in chronic renal patients with decreased renal function]. PMID- 6684703 TI - [Thrombosis and atherosclerosis--role of thrombus formation in atherogenesis and thrombosis of organ arteries]. PMID- 6684705 TI - Cross-physical dependence liability of psychotropic drugs in rats dependent on barbiturates. AB - Rats were rendered physically dependent on phenobarbital by phenobarbital-admixed foods. Barbital, phenobarbital, ethanol, diazepam, nitrazepam, meprobamate, methaqualone, chlorpromazine, diphenylhydantoin, mephenesin, reserpine and clonidine were cross-administered to evaluate the mode of suppression of withdrawal signs and cross-physical dependence liability. The drugs were administered several times during the period from 17-18 hr (when withdrawal signs began to appear) to about 48 hr after the withdrawal of phenobarbital. From the mode of suppression and severity of relapsed withdrawal signs, these drugs were classified into the following 3 types: Type 1: drugs suppressing withdrawal signs of phenobarbital (WSP) almost completely and followed by the relapse of severe WSP. Type II-a: drugs suppressing WSP partially and followed by the relapse of moderate WSP. Type II-b: drugs suppressing WSP partially and followed by the relapse of only mild or practically no signs. Type III (III-a and -b): drugs practically failing to suppress or rather aggravate WSP. Consequently, we found that it was possible to evaluate precisely the cross-physical dependence on sedative-hypnotics by means of investigation for the method of suppression of WSP and the relapse of such signs upon their withdrawal. PMID- 6684706 TI - [A case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with giant negative T wave]. PMID- 6684707 TI - [Basement membrane proteins-laminin and fibronectin in genito-urinary tumors]. PMID- 6684708 TI - [Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: functional condition of the left ventricle, central and pulmonary hemodynamics (an angiocardiographic study)]. AB - Two-projectional left ventriculography, with pressure recording in the aorta, left ventricle, right chambers of the heart and the pulmonary artery, was performed in 26 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortal stenosis free of intraventricular pressure gradient. Considerable left-ventricular hypertrophy associated with this condition was shown to be of "low-stress" origin and strictly concentric in nature, left ventricular systolic function keeping within normal range, and diastolic function being disordered as manifested in significantly increased filling pressure and disordered left ventricular relaxation. Disordered geometry and local contractility of the left ventricle reflected in hypercontraction of the outlet orifice, papillar muscles and posterior wall, combined with its reduced longitudinal contractility results in excessive tension of tendinous chordas and abnormal movement of the anterior mitral cusp towards the hypertrophic ventricular septum and marked mitral regurgitation. PMID- 6684709 TI - [Use of myocardial scintigraphy with 201Tl for differential diagnosis of ischemic heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in women]. AB - Myocardial scintigraphy with 201Tl at rest and under submaximum or threshold stress achieved through bicycle ergometric exercise was used to investigate 31 female patients (14 with coronary disease, 10 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 7 with cardialgias of varying origins and angiographically unchanged coronary arteries taken as controls). Resting and ergometric-test scintigrams of the controls showed no areas of disordered myocardial perfusion. Thallium distribution in the myocardium was even. All coronary patients showed areas of transitory myocardial ischemia in response to exercise. In all patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the scintigrams revealed a diminished and hardly visible left-ventricular cavity. Also, their resting scintigrams showed areas of decreased myocardial perfusion, similar to those noted in coronary patients. However, the exercise scintigrams never showed any extension or reduction of thallium uptake defects in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Perfusion myocardial scintigraphy with 201Tl can be recommended as an additional method of differential diagnosis between coronary disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in female patients. PMID- 6684710 TI - [Effect of high doses of tissue plasminogen activator on the hemostatic and fibrinolytic systems]. AB - Intravenous administration of tissue activator plasminogen (TAP), isolated from a frozen pig heart using the technique of Bachman et al., to white rats produced considerable fibrinolysis activation in the euglobulin fraction only. The clot lysis time of this fraction was reduced 2.4-fold within 10 minutes after TAP administration, and high levels of the activator were maintained for 60 minutes. The absence of changes in the fibrinolytic activity of undiluted plasma might be due to TAP binding with antiactivator as the latter's level dropped after 10 minutes. Successive administration of heparin after a therapeutic dose of TAP resulted in decreased heparin activity and inhibited TAP which may be due to the formation of a complex between the two whose specific activity is not manifested in the presence of excessive heparin. PMID- 6684711 TI - Venipuncture sites in armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus). AB - Several venipuncture sites were evaluated in nine-banded armadillos. Included were the jugular, subclavian, cephalic, saphenous, and ventral tail veins, as well as cardiac puncture. Animals were anesthetized with 25 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride prior to sampling. All sites yielded adequate blood volumes for hematology and serum chemistry studies. PMID- 6684712 TI - Skeletal framework of mammalian heart muscle. Arrangement of inter- and pericellular connective tissue structures. AB - We have studied the connective tissue of mammalian heart muscle in order to obtain an integrated description of extracellular structures and their dispositions relative to cardiac myocytes. Light microscopy and several types of electron microscopy have been employed in these investigations. The epimysium, the sheath of connective tissue that surrounds the muscle, contains relatively large fibers of collagen and elastin. In papillary muscles of rat, the large collagen fibers of the epimysium form a weave pattern at slack length (sarcomere lengths 1.8 to 2.0 micron) but are well aligned in states of stretch along the long axis of the muscle (sarcomere length 2.3 to 2.5 micron). We propose that the epimysial collagen network protects the sarcomeres from being stretched beyond lengths favorable to maximal force production. The endomysium is defined as the connective tissue that surrounds and interconnects myocytes; it consists of intercellular struts (bundles of collagen fibrils, often attached near Z-band level), a weave of bundles of collagen fibrils that envelopes myocytes, and a collagen fibril-microthread-granule lattice that bridges cells and fills the extracellular matrix. In contracted muscles festoons of sarcolemma are attached to Z-bands, thus forming regions for transmission of force across the sarcolemma. Perimysial bundles of collagen connect epimysium to endomysium and surround groups of myocytes. Collagen fibers often have a twisted configuration, probably for enhanced tensile strength. Superimposed on the large extracellular structures is the polyanion-rich lattice comprised of unit collagen fibrils, microthreads, and granules. Amorphous ground substance forms a matrix in which the fibrils of collagen fibers are embedded; it appears continuous with the cell coat in regions of fiber attachment. Elastic fibers interconnect cells and helically wind around myocytes. Circumferential forces from elastin stretched about shortened, thickened myocytes in systole should promote elongation in tandem with intramyocyte forces of elongation. PMID- 6684714 TI - Isoelectric heterogeneity of human uterine estrogen binding proteins. AB - Upon Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) of premenopausal uterine myometrial cytosol, specific binding of estradiol (E2) can be shown at elution pH's (EpH) of 4.0-4.4, 5.0-5.2, 5.8-6.2 and 7.5-8.0. Pre-adsorption of premenopausal uterine cytosol by Concanavalin A Sepharose (Con-A) or precipitation with 30% ammonium sulfate results in loss of estradiol binding at EpH's 4.4 and 5.0. The estradiol binding sites that bind to Con-A are present in plasma and have been shown to be Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (EpH = 5.0) and Estrogen Binding Protein (EpH = 4.4). After Con-A adsorption premenopausal cytosol preincubated with 2 nM 3HE2 reveals a single peak on IEF at EpH's congruent to 6.0, while preincubation with 40 nM 3HE2 reveals specific binding peaks at EpH's of congruent to 6.0 and 7.5-8.0. Postmenopausal uterine cytosol preincubated with either 2 or 40 nM 3H-E2 on IEF reveals EpH = 5.8-6.0 binding only. Post-labeling of IEF fractions with 20 nM 3HE2 demonstrates one peak at EpH 5.8-6.0 in postmenopausal tissue and two peaks (5.8-6.2 and 7.5-8.0) in premenopausal tissue. Scatchard analysis of postmenopausal cytosol demonstrates a single population of binding sites with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 10(-10) M. Premenopausal cytosol on Scatchard analysis contains two estradiol binding populations with Kd's of 10(-10) and 10( 9) M. The data suggest that the 10(-10) M E2 binding population has a EpH of 5.8 6.2, while the 10(-9) M component has an EpH of 7.5-8.0. PMID- 6684713 TI - Differential antiestrogen action in the immature rat uterus: a comparison of hydroxylated antiestrogens with high affinity for the estrogen receptor. AB - The non-steroidal antiestrogens LY117018 and monohydroxytamoxifen are partial agonists in the 3-day immature rat uterine weight test. Both compounds stimulated increases in uterine progesterone receptor concentration (as determined by DCC assay and SDG analysis) and luminal epithelial cell height. However, LY117018 was much less estrogenic than monohydroxytamoxifen. The study also showed that the antiestrogenic effects of LY117018 and monohydroxytamoxifen could be reversed in vivo by increasing doses of estradiol. The partial uterotrophic effect of monohydroxytamoxifen and full uterotrophic effects of estradiol were both inhibited by high doses of LY117018 at an approximate dosage ratio of 1:24, w/w. This result suggests a common mechanism for the action of estradiol and the hydroxylated antiestrogens. Since LY117018 reversed the binding of [3H]estradiol and estrogen-competable [3H]monohydroxytamoxifen binding in the rat uterus in vivo, the effects of nonsteroidal antiestrogens on gross uterine wet weight can be explained by competitive interaction with estradiol via the estrogen receptor mechanism. However, the weakly estrogenic antiestrogen LY117018 was unable to inhibit estrogen-stimulated rises in luminal epithelium cell height and progesterone receptor levels. These data suggest a differential interaction by LY117018 in the rat uterus so that only selected estrogen stimulated effects i.e.: uterine wet weight, are antagonized by this particular "antiestrogenic" dose of the drug. PMID- 6684715 TI - Computer simulation of compartment maintenance in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. AB - A new method for modelling cell division is reported which uses a cellular representation based on graph theory. This allows us to model the adjacencies of non-regular dividing cells accurately, avoiding the rigid geometrical constraints present in earlier simulations. We use this system to simulate compartment boundary maintenance in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. We show that a boundary of minimum length between two growing polyclones of cells could depend on sorting between cells in the different polyclones. We also investigate the response of the model to differential cell division rates within polyclones. This is the first demonstration that cell sorting can generate a smooth boundary in a dividing cell mass. We suggest that biological analogs of our computer sorting rules are responsible for the similar straight polyclone borders seen in the real wing disc. A possible strategy for showing the existence of these analogs is also given. PMID- 6684716 TI - Effects of inducers of erythroid differentiation of human leukemia K562 cells on vincristine-resistant K562/VCR cells. AB - K562/VCR cells, which are resistant to the cytotoxicity of vincristine, were isolated from human erythroleukemia K562 cells. Various compounds that induce erythroid differentiation of K562 cells were tested on K562/VCR cells. Differentiation of K562/VCR cells was not induced by actinomycin D or adriamycin alone, but the resistance of these cells to the inducers was overcome by verapamil. In contrast, mitomycin C, butyric acid and hemin induced differentiation of K562/VCR cells as effectively as that of K562 cells. These results suggest that therapy by induction of differentiation of leukemic cells is effective for leukemic cells that have acquired resistance to therapeutic drugs. PMID- 6684717 TI - Invasive disease caused by Trichosporon beigelii. AB - An immunocompromised patient had cellulitis that was unresponsive to conventional antimicrobial therapy. Skin biopsy specimens and fungal blood cultures revealed the offending organism as Trichosporon beigelii. Recognition of this opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients is important. PMID- 6684718 TI - Antibacterial activity of aztreonam: a synthetic monobactam. A comparative study with thirteen other antibiotics. AB - The in vitro activity of aztreoman (SQ 26, 776), a new monocyclic beta-lactam antimicrobial agent, was determined against 1720 bacteria, all clinical isolates, and compared with that of thirteen beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Aztreonam inhibited 90% of Citrobacter diversus, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter agglomerans, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus morganii, Proteus rettgeri, Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella sp. by less than or equal to 0.4 micrograms ml-1. This activity was superior to moxalactam, piperacillin, cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefoxitin, cefsulodin, ceftazidime and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Aztreonam was as active as moxalactam against Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae and Shigella species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to moxalactam, piperacillin, cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cefsulodin and ceftazidime were inhibited by aztreonam 50% by 6.3 micrograms ml-1 and 90% by 16 micrograms ml-1. Aztreonam was as active as ceftazidime against Serratia marcescens, all strains were inhibited by 3.1 micrograms ml-1 and 90% by 1.6 micrograms ml-1. There was no major difference between MBC and MIC values of aztreonam and the effect of inoculum size upon MIC values was observed at 10(7) CFU. PMID- 6684720 TI - Fifth International Congress of Laser Medicine and Surgery. Abstracts. October 7 9, 1983. PMID- 6684719 TI - Comparative study of aztreonam and cefamandole in the treatment of serious urinary tract infections. AB - In a single blind study we compared the efficacy of aztreonam (Az), a novel monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, to that of cefamandole (Cef) in the treatment of serious urinary tract infections (UTIs). Twenty-one patients were studied (6 men and 15 women, 18-75 years old), 12 suffering from an upper and 9 from a lower UTI; 14 of them received Az and 7 Cef (2:1 ratio), according to a prospective randomization schedule. Az or Cef were administered intramuscularly (1 g every 8 hours) for 5 to 10 days. Patients were followed up for 28 to 42 days after end of treatment. The following bacteria were isolated in the urine cultures: E. coli (in 14 cases), Proteus sp. (4), Klebsiella sp. (2) and Pseudomonas sp. (in 1 case). All 21 bacterial isolates were susceptible to Az while 19 of them were susceptible to Cef (the Pseudomonas strain was sensitive to Az but resistant to Cef). During the entire period of observation, we had 13 cures and 1 relapse in Az-group and 5 cures and 2 relapses in the Cef-group. Aztreonam was as equally well tolerated as cefamandole and no major side effects were observed in either group. In 4 Az- and 3 Cef-patients a rise of SGOT and SGPT (up to 2 1/2 times the upper normal limits) was observed, but it subsided a few days after the end of treatment. Our study shows that aztreonam is at least as effective, safe and well tolerated an antimicrobial agent for the treatment of serious urinary tract infections as cefamandole; In the future aztreonam deserves a large scale, systematic trial in all infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6684722 TI - Correlation between a learning disorder and elevated brain-reactive antibodies in aged C57BL/6 and young NZB mice. AB - Previous studies have indicated an increase in brain-reactive antibodies (BRA) in sera of aging mammals and an autoimmune disorder underlying senescence has been suggested. Since New Zealand Black (NZB) mice have a shorter lifespan and greater propensity for autoimmune diseases than C57BL/6 mice, various age groups from both strains of mice were investigated for simultaneous occurrence of BRA serum titer and deficits in learning. NZB mice exhibited a marked learning deficit as well as higher BRA levels at all ages. C57BL/6 mice showed increased BRA and a learning deficit only at advanced ages. The findings of "precocious" BRA titers along with marked learning deficits, both occurring at young ages in NZB mice and both similar to defects seen in the normal mice at senescence and in patients with senile-dementia, suggest that NZB mice may serve as a useful animal model of pre-senile dementia. PMID- 6684721 TI - Classical conditioning, decay and extinction of cocaine-induced hyperactivity and stereotypy. AB - Following 10 daily pairings of multiple conditioned stimuli with injection of cocaine (15 mg/kg), the presentation of the stimuli alone elicited behaviors in rats similar to those induced by cocaine. The behaviors included increased duration or frequency of rearing, sniffing, head bobbing, and horizontal locomotor activity (crossing). The level of the conditioned response for several of these behaviors approximated that induced by the drug itself. The conditioned drug effect showed decay over 15 days but little extinction during 4 daily trials. Brain concentrations of the dopamine metabolites, homovanillic acid and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, were similar in the conditioned and pseudoconditioned control groups in both the caudate and mesolimbic areas. The behavioral results demonstrate that, in a classical conditioning paradigm, previously neutral stimuli can elicit behaviors similar to those induced by cocaine and that certain conditioned responses show time related decline. This agrees with the reported conditioning of amphetamine's behavioral effects but differs in terms of the action on brain dopamine turnover. PMID- 6684723 TI - Intralipid alters macrophage membrane fatty acid composition and inhibits complement (C2) synthesis. PMID- 6684725 TI - Selection of ornithine decarboxylase-deficient mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 6684724 TI - Homocysteinemia, ischemic heart disease, and the carrier state for homocystinuria. AB - Precocious atherosclerosis occurs in homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta synthase deficiency and there is evidence that homocysteine may produce endothelial damage. Mild homocysteinemia has been reported in heterozygotes after methionine loads and it has been suggested that they could have an increased risk of atherogenesis. We measured plasma amino acids before and after a methionine load (100 mg per kg) in 17 obligatory heterozygotes, in 20 men under 50 yr with established ischemic heart disease, and in matched controls, to determine whether methionine loading allows identification of heterozygotes, and whether there is an altered rate of methionine metabolism in patients with premature coronary artery disease. The obligate heterozygotes had higher mean plasma concentrations of methionine and total homocysteine at 4, 8 and 12 hours after the load than their controls, and lower concentrations of total cysteine and taurine in fasting and all post load samples; however, there was considerable overlap of measurements in heterozygotes and their controls even when differential weightings were applied. There were no differences in mean plasma concentrations of methionine, total homocysteine or total cysteine between the patients with ischemic heart disease and their controls at any measurement point. However, two patients with premature coronary artery disease, identical twins, had persistent elevation of total plasma homocysteine and an exaggerated homocysteine response to methionine. Oral folate restored homocysteine concentrations before and after methionine to normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6684726 TI - [Effect of aeration on the physiological activity and lipogenesis in Rhodotorula glutinis yeasts]. AB - The effect of aeration on growth and production of extra- and intracellular lipids was studied in the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis. Oxygen concentration in the medium optimal for biomass formation did not favour the maximal lipid yield. Changes in the fatty acid composition of the both lipid types as a function of aeration are discussed. PMID- 6684728 TI - [Infant mortality- course, causes, improvement possibilities]. AB - According to national mortality statistics and to epidemiologic surveys main causes of infant mortality are congenital malformations, prematurity with its immaturity related morbidity, asphyxia, and, more recently, the sudden infant death syndrome. In all these situations the full scale of possible preventive measures has not been exhausted. This applies, in particular, to disorders in the perinatal period. What is needed is a greater awareness of risks, more gynecological interest in the baby and better teamwork between gynecologist and pediatrician; this also means a more effective use of available resources. Infant mortality rate still could be reduced by 50 percent. PMID- 6684727 TI - [Cell cycle of Candida utilis daughter cells developing at different glucose concentrations]. AB - Candida utilis daughter cells were obtained from a chemostat and their cell cycle was studied in batch cultures at a glucose concentration of 0.1, 1 and 2% in the medium. The size of the daughter cells growing at a 0.1% concentration of glucose reached only a half size of the cells growing at a 2% glucose concentration. Cytokinesis took place under the conditions of substrate limitation as soon as the cycle of DNA division was over and the resultant daughter cells were extremely small. PMID- 6684729 TI - Growth hormone treatment for short stature. AB - Fifteen short but otherwise normal children, 4.3 to 15.5 years old, with heights greater than 3 S.D. below the mean value for age, growth rates less than or equal to 5.0 cm per year, and normal serum levels of immunoreactive growth hormone in response to provocative stimuli (peak greater than or equal to 10 ng per milliliter) were treated with intramuscular injections of pituitary growth hormone (0.1 U per kilogram) three times weekly for six months, as were 14 children with documented growth hormone deficiency. In all the latter children growth rate increased by more tan 2.0 cm per year during treatment. In 6 of the 14 short normal children who remained prepubertal, growth rate also increased, by 2.2 to 4.2 cm per year during treatment; four of these children had normal base line serum somatomedin C concentrations. In both short normal children and children with growth hormone deficiency, the increment in serum somatomedin C concentrations after 4 or 10 daily injections of growth hormone correlated with bone age but not with later growth or growth hormone levels. Among the short normal children, those who responded to growth hormone were younger and had a greater delay in bone age and a slower pretreatment growth rate than the nonresponders. These observations suggest that a dose of growth hormone comparable to that used for the treatment of hypopituitarism increases growth rate in some short normal children. PMID- 6684730 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 43-1983. An elderly man with progressive pain and swelling of the knee. PMID- 6684731 TI - A preliminary study of the effect of estrogen dose on growth in Turner's syndrome. PMID- 6684732 TI - Toward optimal estrogen-replacement therapy. PMID- 6684733 TI - Heat shock proteins, first major products of zygotic gene activity in mouse embryo. AB - In many species, the early post-fertilization development of the egg appears to occur mainly under maternal control and does not require transcription of the embryonic genome. In the mouse this situation is restricted to the one-cell stage; activation of the embryonic genome occurs at the late two-cell stage and results in a drastic change in the spectrum of proteins synthesized. This activation is preceded by a decrease in the overall synthesis of proteins at the end of the one-cell stage and the appearance, at the early two-cell stage, of a set of new polypeptides of molecular weight approximately 70,000 (70K) (refs 2, 8, 9). This can be compared with the series of events that occur after hyperthermia in differentiated cells. Heat shock results in an arrest of most transcription and translation; subsequently, expression of a limited set of genes, the heat shock genes, precedes the overall reactivation of cellular genome. Here we show that the 70K early two-cell-specific proteins are identical to two of the mouse heat shock proteins, HSP 68 and HSP 70. PMID- 6684734 TI - Failure of phosphatidic acid to translocate Ca2+ across phosphatidylcholine membranes. AB - The putative role of phosphatidic acid (PA) as a Ca2+ ionophore has offered an attractive explanation for the relationship between Ca2+ influx and the turnover of phosphoinositides in stimulated cells. The ionophoretic properties of PA are evident in its ability to translocate Ca2+ across a layer of organic solvent. When added exogenously to some cells, PA produces a physiological response and in neuroblastoma cells stimulation of Ca2+ uptake can also be detected. It was later shown that low levels of PA added exogenously to, or incorporated endogenously in liposomes, increase their permeability to Ca2+ (refs 7, 8), indicating a direct effect of PA on lipid bilayer properties. We now report, however, that we have not been able to demonstrate facilitation by PA of Ca2+ fluxes across liposomal membranes. Ascribing such a role to PA does not seem compatible with known features of biological membranes or the properties of ionophores known to translocate ions across membranes. PMID- 6684735 TI - ["Collar studs"]. PMID- 6684736 TI - Persistence of drug experience in rats formerly dependent on phenobarbital or meprobamate. AB - The rats of groups I, II, III and IV were treated orally with phenobarbital, meprobamate, codeine and vehicle, respectively, for total 21 days, and then drugs were withdrawn. All these rats were given again orally phenobarbital for 5 days starting from 70 days after the withdrawal. In comparison with groups III and IV, groups I and II showed larger weight gain during phenobarbital re-administration and longer-lasting weight loss and an larger increase in body temperature after the termination. These results suggested that the drug experience on sedative hypnotics persisted over two months after the withdrawal and that did not cross to that of narcotics. PMID- 6684738 TI - Comparative study of neuroma formation in the rat sciatic nerve after CO2 laser and scalpel neurectomy. AB - Recent reports have suggested that peripheral neurectomy with the CO2 laser may be effective in preventing subsequent neuroma formation. To study this question further, we performed bilateral sciatic nerve sections in 31 rats using a steel scalpel on one nerve and a CO2 laser on the opposite side. The animals were killed 30 days after neurectomy and specimens were removed for gross observation, light microscopy, and electron microscopy. Axon composition studies were carried out in selected animals and axon diameter histograms were prepared. Well-formed neuromas were present in nerves transected by both the scalpel and the CO2 laser. The scalpel neuromas were characterized by a greater degree of interfascicular collagen deposition and perineurial cell proliferation. Laser neuromas demonstrated less perineurial compartmentalization and scar tissue formation. In addition, a foreign body reaction with multinucleated giant cells surrounding carbonaceous debris was seen that was not present in the scalpel neuromas. Analysis of axon composition studies revealed that both neuromas had a greater density of axons and a higher percentage of small diameter myelinated and unmyelinated axons as compared to control nerves. Laser neuromas had more axons per unit area than scalpel neuromas, but the percentage composition of axons was very similar in the two groups. We could find no evidence in the rat sciatic nerve model that CO2 laser neurectomy is less likely to result in neuroma formation than is conventional scalpel neurectomy. PMID- 6684737 TI - Atypical and polymorphic angioblastic tumors of the central nervous system. AB - Five central nervous system (CNS) polymorphic angioblastic tumors have been studied. Four were located in the posterior fossa and one involved the temporal lobe. In reviewing the literature, the authors point out the rarity of the supratentorial locations and of malignant hemangioblastomas. The clinical and anatomopathological peculiarities are discussed, as is the uncertain classification of two cases. The discrepancy between histology and outcome is focused upon in the other three cases. Finally, the diagnostic, prognostic, and nosographic difficulties posed by CNS angioblastic neoplasms are discussed. PMID- 6684739 TI - Diurnal periodicity of lateral asymmetries of the visual evoked potential in healthy volunteers. AB - Visual evoked potential (VEP) was analyzed in 24 healthy male volunteers (age: 25 35 years) between 7.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m. to evaluate possible diurnal variation in hemispheric differences of the response to a diffuse or 1 degree flash and checkerboard pattern-reversal (stimulation: binocular). VEP was recorded over O1 A1 and O2-A2, and 64 exposures were averaged during each session. After diffuse and 1 degree flash stimulation the amplitudes of early components (latencies less than 140 ms) were higher over the right hemisphere (O2-A2) than over the left (O1 A1) in the morning. These differences disappeared during the afternoon. Late components (latencies greater than 250 ms) exhibited higher amplitudes over the left than over the right hemisphere during the whole experiment. With checkerboard pattern-reversal stimulation such a time-dependent change in the amplitudes of VEP between both hemispheres was not measurable. PMID- 6684740 TI - [Further considerations on colpo-suspension by Burch's method in the correction of stress urinary incontinence]. PMID- 6684741 TI - Oxytocin and prolactin responses in long-term breast-feeding. AB - Plasma levels of oxytocin and prolactin were measured before and during 12 minutes of breast pump stimulation in five healthy, lactating, amenorrheic women on three occasions: ten to 90 days post partum, 90 to 180 days post partum, and 180 days to one year post partum. Baseline mean (+/- SEM) plasma oxytocin levels were similar in the three study periods. Mean stimulated plasma oxytocin levels increased in the three study periods (each P less than .001; mean baseline versus stimulated). Stimulated plasma oxytocin values were significantly greater at ten to 90 than at 90 to 180 days (P less than .05; analysis of variance). Baseline serum prolactin levels were 61 +/- 9.5, 36 +/- 8.6, and 33 +/- 10.8 ng/ml, respectively (not significant; one-way analysis of variance). Mean stimulated prolactin levels were 71 +/- 8.1, 43 +/- 4.5, and 43 +/- 2.8 ng/ml, respectively (not significant). Thus, the oxytocin secretory reflex continues in long-term lactation for the first year post partum. In addition, breast stimulation in long term lactating women continues to produce a slight increase in serum prolactin levels. PMID- 6684742 TI - [Prevention of retinal detachment in patients with peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophies]. PMID- 6684743 TI - [Laser microsurgery of organic pupillary block]. PMID- 6684744 TI - Vitamin A status and retinoid-binding proteins in carcinomas of the head and neck region. AB - The serum levels of retinol, RBP (retinol-binding protein) and PALB (prealbumin) were found to be significantly lower in patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck region than in controls. In tumor tissues as well as in normal laryngeal mucosa, specific binding sites for retinol and retinoic acid were found. Whereas retinol-binding (CRBP = cellular retinol-binding protein) could only be detected in a few cases, binding for retinoic acid (CRABP = cellular retinoic acid-binding protein) was present in all specimens investigated. The presence or lack of binding sites was not dependent on the actual serum retinol levels. With regard to the antineoplastic role of vitamin A, the reduced serum levels are considered as a possible factor in tumor development and growth. CRBP and CRABP are assumed to be mediating factors for the retinol and retinoic acid action. Since the presence of CRABP is a constant finding, we propose that retinoic acid and its synthetic derivatives with high affinity for CRABP could be appropriate antineoplastic drugs in these tissues. PMID- 6684746 TI - Comparative study on the cytostatic effects and the tissue distribution of 5 fluorouracil in a free form and bound to polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles in sarcoma 180-bearing mice. AB - The binding of 5-fluorouracil to polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles yielded an enhanced efficacy against Crocker sarcoma S 180 and a higher toxicity of the drug measured by induced leukopenia, body weight loss and premature death. The efficacy was further increased by an increase in the polymer-to-drug ratio. The nanoparticles yielded a prolonged persistence of the 5-fluorouracil in all organs examined including the tumor. These particles hold promise as carriers for cytostatics, since their distribution may be favorably altered by coating them with certain proteins or surfactants or by the attachment of monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6684747 TI - Effect of liposomal encapsulation of cis-platinum diamminodichloride in the treatment of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. AB - cis-Platinum diamminodichloride (II) encapsulated in neutral liposomes has been used to enhance the activity of the drug on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have revealed that better regression in tumor growth and cure, could be achieved with a lower dose, having apparently no toxic effect, by liposomal encapsulation of the drug. PMID- 6684745 TI - Acute cerebrovascular accident after treatment with cis-platinum and methylprednisolone. AB - A 53-year-old woman with recurrent ovarian cancer sustained an intracerebral hemorrhage after the 4th course of a chemotherapy regimen which included cis platinum (DDP). She received high-dose methylprednisolone as an antiemetic along with the DDP. No metastases or abnormal vascularity were found on histological examination of the right frontal lobe which had been removed surgically. Causes of cerebrovascular accidents during and following chemotherapy are discussed. PMID- 6684748 TI - Effect of argon laser trabeculoplasty on the glaucomatous diurnal curve. AB - Daily pressure variation occurs in all individuals. In glaucomatous patients this variation is marked and may exceed 20 mm of mercury. Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) lowers intraocular pressure (IOP). The effect of ALT on the glaucomatous diurnal curve was studied. Incidence and magnitude of post-trabeculoplasty pressure elevation was documented. Twenty-five patients are reported. All patients were treated according to the protocol advocated by Wise. Diurnal curves were obtained 24 hours prior to ALT, and compared to curves obtained 24 hours and 8 weeks after ALT. Eight weeks after surgery the mean IOP fell 22%; the mean peak pressure fell 25%; the mean pressure range fell 30%; and the pressure fluctuations fell 25%. All values were significant at P less than 0.0005. Pressure elevations greater than 5 mmHg occurred in 46% of patients. The effect of ALT on the diurnal curve of glaucomatous patients may be beneficial. Pressure spikes are frequent. PMID- 6684749 TI - Persistent corneal edema in the congenital rubella syndrome. AB - Corneal edema occurring in the congenital rubella syndrome can result from coexistent glaucoma or develop in the absence of an elevated intraocular pressure. We examined a 36-week-old female infant with documented congenital rubella syndrome who had bilateral corneal stromal edema without attendant congenital glaucoma. Histopathologic examination of the cornea revealed absent Descemet's membrane, deep interstitial keratitis, stromal corneal swelling, and deranged, focally absent endothelial cells. A viral infiltration of endothelium is postulated as the mechanism of the corneal edema and keratitis. PMID- 6684751 TI - Protocol for managing SIDS. PMID- 6684750 TI - cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum: a cytostatic with an ototoxic effect. AB - Among 74 patients treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in total doses of 130 590 mg/m2 body surface area, high tone hearing loss was observed in 3. The caloric and rotatory responses were reduced in 3 other patients. Optokinetic responses remained normal in all patients. PMID- 6684752 TI - Headaches from airborne allergens. PMID- 6684753 TI - Tips on managing the manager. PMID- 6684755 TI - Future trends in medicine. PMID- 6684754 TI - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. PMID- 6684756 TI - Complication of peritoneovenous shunt. PMID- 6684757 TI - Demographic analysis: a marketing must. PMID- 6684758 TI - Impact of financing on medical technology. PMID- 6684759 TI - Overview: acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6684760 TI - Activation of complement in C-reactive protein positive sera by phosphorylcholine bearing component isolated from parasite extract. AB - Phosphorylcholine-bearing component levels in extracts of various parasites were determined by a capillary precipitin test using anti-phosphorylcholine Ig A myeloma protein. TEPC-15. Phosphorylcholine was demonstrated as a structural component not only in nematodes but also in trematodes and cestodes. The phosphorylcholine-bearing component was isolated from an extract of Toxocara canis larvae using a TEPC-15-Sepharose 4B column. The component reacted with C reactive protein in sera to form one precipitin line in immunoelectrophoresis. The component provided two Brilliant Coomassie Blue positive bands in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It reacted with C-reactive protein to activate complement in serum. PMID- 6684761 TI - Endotube-brush border complexes dissected from the intestines of Haemonchus contortus and Ancylostoma caninum. AB - A procedure for the blunt dissection of the syncytial intestine of Haemonchus contortus to separate the endotube-brush border complex is described. A similar complex can be obtained from the partially cellular intestine of Ancylostoma caninum. The structural features of the complexes from the two sources are compared. The main differences are in the retention of terminal bars by the endotube from A. caninum and in the extent and organization of the microfilaments associated with the basal side of the endotubes. PMID- 6684762 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous furosemide in children with lipoid nephrosis]. PMID- 6684763 TI - Possible mechanisms underlying the pressure responses evoked in conscious cats by emotional stress. AB - The character of baroreceptor reflexes was studied in conscious cats both under resting conditions and during emotional stress. During naturally evoked emotional tension 32 cats showed a two-phase change in arterial pressure: an initial hypotension was followed by a rise in arterial pressure. The pressor component was accompanied by a suppression of the baroreceptor reflex evoked by phenylephrine (i.v.). Electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic "defence area" also resulted in a raised arterial pressure and a suppression of the baroreceptor reflex. 3-7 days after bilateral section of the carotid sinus and aortic nerves 5 cats showed a reduction in arterial pressure only when confronted by a dog. When a reflex response to phenylephrine began to return, the depressor responses seemed to diminish and pressor responses reappeared. "Mild" (50-100 microA) stimulation of the hypothalamic "defence area" also caused a reduction of arterial pressure. However, a rise in arterial pressure occurred when the electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic "defence area" was increased. In 2 cats the pressor response caused by confrontation with a dog was not accompanied by any noticeable inhibition of the baroreceptor reflex. After cutting the sino carotid and aortic nerves in these animals, emotional stress produced accentuated pressor responses. The results suggest that the presence of baroreceptor reflexes is a prerequisite for the development of hypertensive responses during emotional stress. PMID- 6684764 TI - [Treatment of chronic autoimmune thrombopenic purpura with intravenous immunoglobulins. Study of 18 cases]. AB - The authors reported the effect of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in 18 patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. A good but transitory response was observed in 60% of the cases. The intensity of the response was variable, the duration was between 11 and 26 days. The mechanism of the effect of this therapy is poorly understood. Since this therapy is expensive and the response inconsistent and transitory, the indications are limited. PMID- 6684765 TI - [Thrombotic thrombopenic purpura associated with Hodgkin's disease]. AB - We report the second case of Hodgkin's disease associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Although the two diseases coexisted originally, TTP was diagnosed alone at first. Because of the very rare occurrence of this association the diagnosis of TTP is discussed according to the accepted criteria and taking into account the haematological complications which can reveal or be observed in Hodgkin's disease. No evident relationship between the two diseases can be suggested. But immunologic disorders observed in the two cases suggests that their coexistence is not necessarily accidental. The evolution of these two diseases is particularly good. PMID- 6684767 TI - [Clinical usefulness of determining urinary hydroxyproline in various lung diseases]. PMID- 6684768 TI - Prune belly syndrome and female pseudohermaphroditism. AB - The "prune belly" syndrome (PBS) combines malformation of the deferent urinary tract with cryptorchism and hypoplasia or aplasia of the abdominal musculature. Recent investigations have ascertained the role of urethral atresia or temporary urethral stenosis in the pathogenesis of PBS. The present case is classified as PBS combined with female pseudohermaphroditism and urethral atresia in a Potter syndrome. Of paradigmatic significance for the understanding of PBS pathogenesis, the case illustrates the almost exclusive occurrence of the syndrome in males, explained by the complex evolution of the phallic urethra. Hypoplasia of abdominal muscles is seen as a sequel to the extreme occupation of intraabdominal space. An alternative concept, assuming general defects in mesenchymal development that provoke independent, isolated malformations eventually subsumed under the term prune belly syndrome, is discussed in this context. PMID- 6684766 TI - Chromosomal localization of the human c-fms oncogene. AB - A molecular probe was prepared with specificity for the human cellular homologue of transforming sequences represented within the McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus (v-fms). By analysis of a series of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids containing variable complements of human chromosomes it was possible to assign this human oncogene, designated c-fms, to chromosome 5. Regional localization of c-fms to band q34 on chromosome 5 was accomplished by analysis of Chinese hamster-human cell hybrids containing as their only human components, terminal and interstitial deleted forms of chromosome 5. The localization of c fms to chromosome 5 (q34) is of interest in view of reports of a specific, apparently interstitial, deletion involving approximately two thirds of the q arm of chromosome 5 in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. PMID- 6684769 TI - Studies on the participation of the dopaminergic system in the central effects of chronically administered antidepressant drugs. AB - Spontaneous locomotor activity, sedative and stereotypic action of apomorphine, and utilization of noradrenaline and dopamine in the brain of rats treated chronically for 3 weeks with imipramine, amitriptyline, doxepine, and nomifensine ip were tested 1, 24, 48 and 72 h after the last administration of the drugs. The treatment did not change the locomotor activity, producing only slight sedation after 1 h, counteracted the sedation and potentiated the stereotypy induced by apomorphine, and increased the utilization of noradrenaline and dopamine after 48 h. It also antagonized the depressant action of apomorphine on dopamine utilization after 72 h. The results indicate the participation of dopamine in the mechanism of action of all investigated antidepressant drugs. They also suggest the depression of sensitivity of presynaptic dopamine receptors in the brain 48 72 h after cessation of antidepressant treatment. PMID- 6684770 TI - Effects of electroconvulsive shock on monoaminergic systems in the rat brain. Thesis. AB - The effects of single or repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) (once daily for 7 days) on rat behavior and on the level, utilization and uptake of biogenic amines in rat brain were studied between one and ten days after the last ECS. It has been found that a single ECS caused catalepsy and analgesia, depressed locomotor activity and locomotor hypermotility produced by amphetamine and nomifensine (but not by apomorphine) and decreased the frequency of head twitch response evoked by LiCl. Repeated ECS also induced catalepsy and analgesia but enhanced both the spontaneous locomotor activity and amphetamine, nomifensine and apomorphine induced hypermotility, and increased the frequency of head twitch response produced by LiCl, 5-HTP and 5-methoksytryptamine. Single and repeated ECS did not change exploratory motility or stereotyped behavior induced by apomorphine, but enhanced haloperidol-induced catalepsy and altered dopamine and serotonin levels in the rat brain. The utilization of NA and DA was not changed by repeated ECS, whereas the uptake of these amines was slightly reduced. The present results provide evidence that a single ECS depresses but repeated ECS augments some behavioral responses to dopaminergic and serotonergic agonists. The possible biochemical mechanisms involved in these effects of ECS are discussed. PMID- 6684772 TI - Immediate and unexplained fetal death during mid-trimester amniocentesis. AB - Immediate and unexplained fetal death during mid-trimester amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis was found to be an uncommon though real phenomenon. A survey of programmes in the United States detected 5 cases from 7524 at 4 centres. Postmortem examination was not helpful and a neurogenic mechanism is postulated. Awareness of this phenomenon and routine pre- and post-amniocentesis ultrasound monitoring may clarify the actual prevalence and etiology. PMID- 6684771 TI - Effects of some hypotensive drugs on the clearance of I125 hippurate in rats after acute and subacute ethanol intoxication. AB - The influence of dihydralazine, propranolol, clonidine, furosemide and reserpine on the clearance of I125 hippurate in rats in alcohol intoxication was investigated. It was found that both in acute and subacute ethanol intoxication the renal blood flow was impeded. Reserpine and propranolol did not significantly change the half time of I125 hippurate in blood both in animals treated and not treated with alcohol. Furosemide prolonged the clearance of hippurate and increased kidney ischemia in alcohol intoxication. Dihydralazine and clonidine increased the effective renal blood flow in normal animals but not in acute and subacute ethanol intoxication. PMID- 6684773 TI - [Effect of nitrogen sources on cellulase biosynthesis by a mutant strain of Trichoderma viride 44]. AB - The effect of various nitrogen sources on cellulase biosynthesis by the mutant strain Trichoderma viride 44 was examined. This strain may utilized nitrogen in the nitrate, ammonium of organic form. When cultivating this strain, it appears advantageous to add to the nutrient medium yeast and yeast lyzates as well as their mixture with ammonium sulfate. Cellulase reached its maximum activity of 20.2, 21.5 and 23.2 mu/ml when grown on the medium containing ammonium phosphate, peptone and brewing yeast plus ammonium sulfate, respectively. It is useful to apply nitrogen in its organic forms in small quantities and in combination with mineral forms. The nitrogen presence in the medium is necessary only at the exponential stage of fungal growth. The lack of nitrogen in the stationary stage characterized by the maximum cellulase formation does not inhibit an increase in the enzyme activity. PMID- 6684774 TI - T-maze learning, spontaneous activity and food intake recovery following systemic administration of the noradrenaline neurotoxin, DSP4. AB - Following systemic administration of the noradrenaline (NA) neurotoxin, DSP4 (50 mg/kg), rats were found to be retarded in the rate at which they acquired the "right-turn" running response in a modified T-maze choice situation, as measured by the total number of errors per session and median latency to reach the goal box. Desipramine (DMI, 20 mg/kg), injected 30 min before DSP4 blocked the acquisition retardation. DSP4 was found to have a short-lasting effect upon spontaneous motor activity, while food and water intake recovery was complete within 7 days of the injection. Both the NA-accumulation data and endogenous NA concentrations indicated profound NA, but not 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA), depletions in the cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. These data seem to confirm the role of the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system in an instrumental learning situation. PMID- 6684775 TI - Effect of intraventricular adenosine on food intake in rats. AB - Previous studies have shown that peripherally administered purines suppress food intake in rats. In this study we show that central administration of adenosine, adenine and AMP potently suppressed food intake in rats. Intraperitoneal adenosine suppressed feeding at the 100 and 50 mg/kg dose whereas 100, 50 and 10 micrograms of intraventricular adenosine suppressed feeding after intracerebroventricular injection at 30 minutes and up to 120 minutes at the high doses. Inosine, 2-deoxyinosine, 7-methyl-inosine and 2-deoxyguanosine all failed to suppress food intake when given intraventricularly at the same doses used for adenosine, adenine and AMP. Adenosine, 10 micrograms ICV, also decreases water uptake. The effect of adenosine was specific for ingestive behaviors as it did not significantly decrease spontaneous movement or grooming. These results suggest that adenosine suppresses feeding via a central mechanism and that this suppressive effect is not dependent on deamination of adenosine to inosine. The central adenosine effect appears to work by a different mechanism to the satiety effect of peripherally administered inosine. PMID- 6684776 TI - Amphetamine: differential effects on defensive flight and motor behavior in the rat. AB - As in previous research, hooded rats treated with an acute high dose of d amphetamine sulfate (5 mg/kg free base) showed a dramatic defensive flight reaction to a novel stimulus (mechanical robot) that did not elicit flight from saline controls. Both the defense response and stereotypy behavior (repetitive movements and oral, licking chewing) were assessed at eight time periods after injection: 1, 15, 30, 45, 75, 105, 135, and 165 min. The defense response peaked early (15-30 min) after injection and showed a significant decline by 75 min, with no reemergence as stereotypy subsided. Stereotypy peaked later (45 min) and did not decline until 105 min. Tests in the absence of the robot provided a control for motor effects of the drug. Whereas stereotypy occurred in both Robot and No Robot conditions, the defense response occurred only in the Robot condition. These results were thought to provide further evidence that the effects of amphetamine on defensive flight could not be attributed to purely motor reactions. Thus, amphetamine-induced defensive flight may be an appropriate pharmacological model of affective psychosis. As such, it may be helpful in establishing differential pharmacological profiles for affective versus motor potencies of potential antipsychotic compounds. PMID- 6684777 TI - Unique influences of ten drugs upon post-shock biting attack and pre-shock manual responding. AB - Delivery of a fixed-time, response-independent electric tail shock to the squirrel monkey generated bites on a rubber hose immediately following shock and manual responses on a lever immediately preceding shock; two temporally and topographically different responses in a single organism in a single experimental session. d-Amphetamine, cocaine, and caffeine each had the effect of elevating both bite and lever press responses; nicotine, chlorpromazine, chlordiazepoxide, and diazepam each elevated lever press responding while depressing bite responding across a portion of the dosage range; phenobarbital, alcohol, and morphine had the effect of depressing both bite and lever press responses but lever pressing was selectively more depressed than biting. The results parallel previous research with these drugs on other measures of aggression and on other behavioral paradigms. The responses are contingency free so that the effect of a drug does not interact with response produced environmental consequences. The recording of two separate responses related to distinct emotional states from one organism in a single experimental session allows for the objective measurement of selective and differential drug effects. PMID- 6684778 TI - Production of physical dependence on ethanol by a short drinking episode each day. AB - A 3-hr schedule-induced ethanol polydipsia regimen was used in rats to elevate blood alcohol concentration to a single intoxicating peak each day. After 3 weeks, and again after 3.5 months, animals were tested for the presence of physical dependence by exposure to a brief auditory stimulus (key shaking) at 7 and 11 hr after ethanol polydipsia. Withdrawal signs were observed only at 11 hr when blood ethanol levels had returned to zero. No such signs were observed when animals were made water polydipsic. While sufficient, continuous elevation of blood ethanol concentration is not necessary for the development of a demonstrable physical dependence. A limited daily ethanol binge was sufficient. PMID- 6684779 TI - Automated analysis of stereotypic behavior induced by psychomotor stimulants. AB - A newly developed rotation sensing device has been applied to the continuous monitoring of animal movement. Animals treated with morphine, amphetamine or apomorphine display different stereotypic movements which can be distinguished by the apparatus. Initial studies have indicated that the apparatus is able not only to identify but also to quantitate some measures of stereotypic behavior. For example, the number and direction of rotations (a measure of motor asymmetry), frequency of changes in movement direction (a measure of stereotypic movement) and periods of cessation of movement are affected differentially with acute morphine, apomorphine or amphetamine treatment. Moreover, using this apparatus, morphine was shown to increase the degree of rotational asymmetry of normal animals and of animals with unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway. PMID- 6684780 TI - Genotypic variation in the dopaminergic inhibitory control of striatal and hippocampal cholinergic activity in mice. PMID- 6684781 TI - Models of depression in primates. PMID- 6684782 TI - [Platelet anti-aggregants as a treatment for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6684783 TI - The physiological uterine secretion of rats and its activity in dispersing ovum cumulus cells in vitro. AB - The quantity of physiological uterine fluid secreted by rats exhibiting a regular four-day sexual cycle was measured at every stage and the freshly ovulated rat ova, surrounded by their cumulus cells, were incubated at 37 degrees C in this secretion sample. The results showed that the fluid began to be secreted on the morning of vaginal pro-oestrus and increased steadily for about 24 h. Two declines in quantity are observed, a slight one at the end of pro-oestrus and a marked one about 4 hours after the start of vaginal oestrus which coincided with ovulation. No secretion is obtained either at metaoestrus or at dioestrus. Only the secretion at the oestrus stages caused total dispersion of the corona cells in vitro. This property is retained after freezing, heating to 60 degrees C and lyophilization. A correlation with plasma sexual hormone measurement and some fertility factor contained in uterine secretion was discussed in relation to this dispersing activity. PMID- 6684784 TI - Acute manganese toxicity and the absorption and biliary excretion of manganese in cattle. AB - The concentration of manganese in the duodenum of three steers was increased by infusing manganese chloride intraduodenally at approximately 100, 515 and 840 mumol per minute for 30 hours and the rate at which manganese was excreted in bile was measured. In one steer an infusion of manganese chloride at 529 mumol per minute was toxic and in two steers infusions at approximately 840 mumol per minute were also toxic, causing inappetence, a reduced bile flow and abdominal discomfort. The maximum rates at which manganese was excreted in bile during the first three hours of the infusions at 515 and 840 mumol per minute were between 2.1 and 3.6 per cent of the rate of infusion. During the last three hours of all nontoxic infusions the rate of excretion of manganese in bile was 0.82 +/- 0.08 per cent of its rate of infusion. Systemic plasma manganese concentrations did not increase during these infusions. In a fourth steer the longer term capacity of the liver to excrete manganese in bile when the manganese chloride was given intravenously was measured, the concentration of manganese in the portal vein being increased by infusions of manganese chloride solution into a mesenteric vein. The rate of infusion was increased at hourly intervals. The liver's capacity to remove all manganese during first pass was only exceeded at an infusion rate of 84 mumol per minute. Infusions could be made into the mesenteric vein at 24 and 35.8 mumol per minute for 53 and 26 hours respectively before signs of toxicity were observed. Following signs of toxicity the excretion of copper in bile was decreased for two days. PMID- 6684785 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and pregnancy. Use of corticosteroids for the prevention of neonatal purpura]. PMID- 6684786 TI - Genetic and environmental determination of human sleep. AB - Self-reported sleep data from 2238 monozygotic and 4545 dizygotic adult twin pairs indicated a significant hereditary effect on sleep length [overall heritability estimate (h2 = 0.44)] and on sleep quality (h2 = 0.44). When the data were examined in subgroups defined by sex, age (18-24 years and 25 or more years of age), and cohabitation status of the twin pair, the highest heritability estimates for sleep length were for twins living together aged 25 or older. For twins living apart the heritability estimates were statistically significant in all women and men aged 25 or older. For sleep quality significant heritability estimates were found for all groups except women living together. PMID- 6684787 TI - [Effect of different protein levels on the nutritive value of mixed diets with increased content of soy bean protein. I. Results of studies on the development of laboratory rats]. PMID- 6684788 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of vitamin B 6 in egg yolk]. PMID- 6684789 TI - Electron microscopy of DNA molecules from blastoderm nuclei and yolk granules beneath blastoderm of fertilized and unincubated chicken eggs. AB - The DNA molecules isolated from the blastoderm nuclei and yolk granules beneath the blastoderm of fertilized and unincubated chicken eggs were observed under electron microscope, using the DNA sample of calf thymus as control. The results showed that both nuclear and yolk DNAs are linear, and their molecules are very similar to those of thymus DNA in shape. Since chromatin was first prepared from blastoderm nuclei and yolk granules respectively and then DNA was isolated from both of chromatin samples, it could be concluded that yolk granules possess both DNA chromatin as nuclei do. PMID- 6684790 TI - Chromatin and DNA of yolk granules beneath "blastoderm region" of unfertilized chicken egg. AB - Electron microscopic study shows that the chromatin structure of yolk granules beneath the "blastoderm region" of the unfertilized chicken egg is identical to that of yolk granules beneath the blastoderm of the fertilized and unincubated chicken egg, and both chromatin structures are very similar to those of blastoderm nuclei. Furthermore the molecular shapes of DNA of both yolk granules are also very similar to those of the blastoderm nuclei, being all linear. Based on these observations, we have come to the conclusion that chromatin and DNA widely exist in the yolk when yolk granules have reached their development specified competence. The results indicate further that the yolk granules are capable of synthesizing DNA, and provide the condition for the interaction of DNA with histones to form chromatin through self-organization. PMID- 6684791 TI - [The volume and type of activity of specialized emergency care teams in Moscow]. PMID- 6684792 TI - Argon laser photocoagulation of the trabecular meshwork in open-angle glaucoma. AB - Argon laser photocoagulation is an effective surgical modality in the management of open-angle glaucoma. Twenty-two eyes with open-angle glaucoma were treated. Approximately 50 burns of 50 micron spot size were applied to the anterior trabeculum over the inferior 180 degrees of the angle. An average pressure drop of 6.1 mmHg was achieved. Complications were minimal, a transient postoperative pressure rise being the most potentially hazardous. PMID- 6684794 TI - [Immune thrombocytopenic purpura secondary to varicella in an adult. Presentation of a case and review]. PMID- 6684793 TI - [Behavior of serum immunoglobulins in infantile idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Study of 45 cases]. PMID- 6684795 TI - Locomotor stimulant and intoxicant properties of methanol, ethanol, tertiary butanol and pentobarbital in Long-Sleep and Short-Sleep mice. AB - Methanol, ethanol, t-butanol and pentobarbital all produced marked dose dependent activation of locomotor activity in Short-Sleep mice which were selectively bred for relative insensitivity to the hypnotic properties of ethanol. The locomotor activity of alcohol sensitive Long-Sleep mice was depressed in a dose dependent fashion by all four drugs. Simultaneous assessment of intoxication in a grid test indicated that all four drugs disrupted coordination, in a dose dependent manner, to a greater degree in Long-Sleep mice than in Short-Sleep mice. The line differences in response to all alcohols was greater than for pentobarbital, indicating that the previous assumption of specificity of the selection for alcohols may be a question of degree rather than a qualitative effect. PMID- 6684796 TI - Clonidine enhancement of ethanol withdrawal in mice. PMID- 6684797 TI - Regulation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase expression in CHO-human fibroblast somatic cell hybrids. AB - Human--hamster somatic cell hybrids have been obtained by fusion of a CHO line (NA31) doubly deficient in hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) with normal G6PD(+) human fibroblasts. Analysis of NA31 extracts has revealed that, although G6PD activity is nearly absent, significant activity can be detected with 2-deoxyglucose 6-phosphate as substrate, so that the mutant and normal forms of the enzyme can both be easily detected. The cell hybrids obtained express human G6PD. The human G6PD subunits are distributed in homodimeric molecules as well as in human--hamster heterodimeric molecules. However, whereas the amount of hamster G6PD subunits present in the hybrid is similar to that in the hamster parental cells, the amount of human G6PD subunits is decreased by 3- to 10-fold when compared to the human parental cell. These results indicate that either the expression of the G6PD gene or the stability of the gene product is altered in the hybrid. By mutagenesis and selection in diamide (a substance that oxidizes intracellular glutathione), we have isolated a clone with a 3- to 5-fold increase in human G6PD activity. This derivative may have an increased rate of expression of the human G6PD structural gene. PMID- 6684798 TI - Transformation of Hprt gene with sperm DNA. AB - Inactivation of the X chromosome during mammalian spermatogenesis has been postulated to occur by the same mechanism that controls female somatic X chromosome inactivation. We have used DNA-mediated transformation of HPRT- cells to test this idea, because it has been shown previously that inactive X chromosome DNA from somatic cells will not transform HPRT- cells. Isolated DNA from the mature sperm of five mammals (human, mouse, horse, bull, rabbit) were all capable of HPRT transformation, and transformants were confirmed electrophoretically. Measures were taken to ensure that the transformation frequencies observed could not be due to somatic contamination. The positive HPRT transformation result indicates that mature sperm X chromosomal DNA is not modified in the same manner as that of female inactive X chromosomal DNA. Since there is evidence for methylation of the somatic inactive X chromosome, it is possible that methylation, at least for the genes studied, is not involved in sperm X chromosome inactivation. PMID- 6684799 TI - [The menstrual cycle and its pathology]. PMID- 6684800 TI - [Behavior and criminality during the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 6684801 TI - [The premenstrual syndrome]. PMID- 6684802 TI - [Therapy of the premenstrual syndrome and especially of cyclic mastodynia with bromocriptine]. PMID- 6684803 TI - [Therapy of premenstrual syndrome with thiomucase-H]. PMID- 6684804 TI - [Etiology of breast pain]. PMID- 6684805 TI - [Mastodynia: differential diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6684806 TI - Effects of long term inhaled high dose beclomethasone dipropionate on adrenal function. AB - Studies of adrenal function were performed on 54 asthmatic patients who were taking long term high doses of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate ranging from 500 to 2000 micrograms/day for between six and 60 months. Of the 43 patients taking up to 1500 micrograms/day, 39 (91%) had normal basal plasma cortisol concentrations and normal short tetracosactrin responses and 24 hour urinary free cortisol excretion was within the normal range in eight of nine patients tested. Some evidence of adrenal suppression was found in patients taking 2000 micrograms/day, with basal plasma cortisol below the normal range in four out of 11 patients and 24 hour urinary free cortisol excretion below the normal range in five out of six patients tested. Only one of the 11 patients taking 2000 micrograms/day had a short tetracosactrin response below the normal range: the mean rise in plasma cortisol was, however, significantly lower in this group than in those taking 1000 micrograms/day (328 (SE 30) and 506 (34) nmol/l respectively) (p less than 0.01). Patients taking more than 1500 micrograms/day of inhaled beclomethasone may require systemic corticosteroids during prolonged stress. PMID- 6684807 TI - Endoscopic closure of bronchial fistula. PMID- 6684808 TI - Selection for resistance to phallolysin, a cytolytic toxin from the death-cap mushroom (Amanita phalloides). AB - Phallolysin-resistant variants are readily selected from unmutagenized populations of mouse fibroblasts. They exhibit partial cross-resistance to wheat germ agglutinin, a lectin with a saccharide specificity similar to phallolysin. These results are consistent with phallolysin acting by binding to cell surface glycoprotein receptors rather than by interacting directly with lipid components of the membrane. PMID- 6684809 TI - Anti-laminin antibodies in workers exposed to mercury vapour. AB - In 62 male workers exposed to mercury vapour for 5.5 years on average, the results of several renal parameters were not significantly different from those found in a well-matched control group (n = 60). Circulating anti-laminin antibodies were found, however, in 8 workers exposed to mercury vapour but in none of the control workers. These results suggest that occupational exposure to mercury vapour may lead to immune dysfunction in a certain percentage of the exposed population. Whether such a finding is predictive of the occurrence of an immune glomerulonephritis remains to be evaluated. PMID- 6684810 TI - An improved method for chromosome preparations from preimplantation mammalian embryos, oocytes or isolated blastomeres. AB - A method is described for making chromosome preparation from mammalian oocytes or preimplantation embryo, with or without the zona pellucida, or from isolated blastomeres. It is more robust and requires less skill and experience than previous techniques, yet chromosome structure is well preserved and very high quality preparations can be made. The method, which involves use of cold hypotonic solution and very cold fixative, reduces turbulence and allows even single blastomeres to be located and handled with relative case, while the duration of hypotonic treatment becomes noncritical. The softening solution recommended contains no lactic acid and hence does not harm the chromosomes. PMID- 6684811 TI - [A new interdisciplinary treatment concept for head and neck tumors. Fundamentals, practicability and initial clinical results]. AB - Surgery and subsequent irradiation are still considered as the basic treatment of advanced head and neck tumours. Improvements may be achieved by initial combined chemotherapy. However, this regimen has not yet been statistically substantiated. In order to reduce the therapeutic morbidity, Cis-platinum was given as a cytotoxic and radiosensitizing agent simultaneously with percutaneous irradiation. In case of partial tumour regression after a target volume dose of 40 Gy, radiotherapy was continued up to 60 or 70 Gy respectively. In case of minor tumour response, surgery was interposed after a dose of 40 Gy, followed by completing radiotherapy. After a maximum follow-up period of 14 months, 18 out of 22 patients show no evidence of tumour. In two cases a partial regression is seen. One patient died from intercurrent disease, another from uncontrolled primary. This tumour control rate is comparable to the data achieved with initial combined chemotherapy regimens, at a lower level of morbidity. Our preliminary results seem to corroborate the experimentally proven enhancement effect of Cis platinum. PMID- 6684812 TI - [Ultrastructural studies on the effect of roentgen rays and quinacrine (atebrin)- alone or in combination--on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in monolayer culture]. AB - Already two days after an X-ray irradiation with 8 Gy performed during the phase of exponential growth, the cells of an Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma in monolayer culture showed remarkable ultrastructural modifications, e.g. a markedly vacuolized endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria, increase of lysosome-like structures, and a decrease of microvilli in number and size. Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells submitted to an X-ray irradiation with 8 Gy and subsequently incubated with quinacrine (Atebrin) in a concentration of 4 x 10(-6) M, which alone had no significant effects on growth or ultrastructure, showed severe cellular lesions. The endoplasmic reticulum was still more vacuolized, the mitochondria were severely damaged, lysosome-like structures and residual bodies were increased, and the cellular surfaces had still less microvilli. Microtubules and microfilaments, however, seemed rather increased. The effects of quinacrine (Atebrin) on cells exposed to X-rays were discussed with respect to the known inhibiting action of this substance on DNA synthesis, especially with regard to DNA reparation. The modifications of the microtubule-microfilament system could be correlated to increased intracellular digestive processes involved in the catabolism of radiodamaged structures. PMID- 6684813 TI - Ocular sarcoidosis. PMID- 6684814 TI - Practical biophysics of photocoagulation. PMID- 6684815 TI - Presumed histoplasmosis syndrome. PMID- 6684816 TI - Treatment of Dipetalonema perstans infections with mebendazole. PMID- 6684817 TI - [Concentrations of protein sulfhydryl and amino groups in the brain during acute and chronic alcoholic intoxication]. AB - The content of sulphydryl and amine groups in water- and salt- soluble proteins of different areas of the rat brain was studied as affected by acute and chronic alcohol intoxication. With a relatively unchanged content of sulphydryl groups, noticeable variations are observed in the level of amine groups, most pronounced in proteins of the intermediate and middle areas of the brain. Under chronic intoxication the greatest changes in the content of the functional groups occur on the fourth day after cessation of the alcohol administration, when changes in the clinical state of the animals are most pronounced. It is supposed that the found shifts are caused by an acetaldehyde reversible blockade of amino groups and by the conformation rearrangement of protein molecules. PMID- 6684818 TI - Complications and management of childhood urethral stricture disease. AB - In many ways, the management of urethral stricture disease in children parallels that in adults, but striking differences exist. The technical demands made because of the small size of the strictures and the delicacy of the tissues involved certainly provide more of a challenge. Newer instrumentation, improved techniques, and increased experience in children are helping us to meet these challenges. Visual urethrotomy should be considered the initial treatment of choice for anterior urethral strictures, and urethroplasty should be reserved for treatment failures. Attention to technical detail and proper patient preparation will ensure optimum results from urethroplasty. Posterior urethral strictures as a result of pelvic injury can be influenced by proper initial management but remain an open surgical disease of considerable challenge. The fact that in children a large proportion of urethral stricture disease is iatrogenic provides us with a real opportunity for prevention. As with any disease state, prevention or minimization of complications of treatment is the ultimate goal. It is only through a careful, thoughtful approach that we can begin to achieve that end. PMID- 6684819 TI - A probe for measurements of related values of cross-sectional area and pressure in the resting female urethra. AB - A probe for measurement of related values of cross sectional area (c.a.) and pressure in the resting female urethra has been developed. C.a. can be measured in the range 0.07 to 0.79 cm2 by means of the field gradient principle. Pressure is measured in the range 0 to 150 cm H2O. Pressure needed for inflation and deflation of the balloon ranges from +4 to -5 cm H2O with a hysteresis of 3 to 4 cm H2O. The probe is able to follow changes of the c.a. up to 0.7 cm2/sec. The method makes possible estimation of urethral stiffness/rigidity during distension of the balloon, estimation of the capability of contraction of the closure apparatus in terms of isometric and isotonic contraction, muscular work and power. Furthermore, hysteresis during inflation and deflation of the balloon can be described. PMID- 6684820 TI - Accessory urethral-like channel in female child. AB - The rare occurrence of an accessory urethral-like channel passing anterior to the pubis in a female child is reported. PMID- 6684821 TI - [A rare malformation in a girl (fetal inclusion)]. PMID- 6684822 TI - Culling and wastage in dairy cows in East Anglia. AB - A culling survey in 80 Friesian dairy herds in East Anglia over four years investigated the age at, and reasons for, disposal or death. Failure to conceive was the most important reason except in very old animals. Low production was the second most common reason, culling being particularly heavy in the first two lactations. Mastitis was the major disease influencing wastage and increased with age until the sixth lactation. The percentage of culls for multiple reasons increased with age. There was a high proportion of young animals in most herds and the median lactating life of cows was about three years, equivalent to three lactations. Considerable variation in herd life demonstrated that there was substantial scope for improving herd longevity. Long living herds culled fewer animals for breeding problems in the early lactations and for mastitis in the later ones, enabling more animals to be culled as surplus and for production factors. PMID- 6684824 TI - Corynebacterium equi in mastitis in a buffalo. PMID- 6684823 TI - Paste preparation of phenylbutazone. PMID- 6684825 TI - The effects of transfer factor, parasitic antigen and precipitated immunoglobulin treatments in lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus. AB - Significant reductions in adult worm burdens in lambs less than six months old infected with 5000 third stage Haemonchus contortus larvae were achieved following the combination of a single transfer factor treatment with multiple parenteral treatments of adult parasitic antigen and precipitated immunoglobulin. Specific cellular responses in the abomasa associated with individual treatments were discernible in all the experimental groups and quantitative differences in these responses reflected the varying treatment levels and treatment combinations. The reactions associated with transfer factor were similar to immediate type hypersensitivity responses and their role as possible effector mechanisms in correcting partial immune incompetency in lambs is discussed. PMID- 6684826 TI - Morphogenesis of Trichostrongylus rugatus and distribution during development in sheep. AB - Morphogenesis of Trichostrongylus rugatus was examined in 16 sheep experimentally infected with 120 000 third-stage larvae and killed 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 20 days later (DAI). Third stage larvae moulted between Days 4 and 6, and fourth stage larvae moulted on Day 10 after infection. Four sheep first passed eggs in the faeces between Days 16 and 18 after infection. Rate of growth of larvae was constant between 2 and 10 DAI followed by a period of rapid growth from 10 to 16 DAI. Major features of larval development are described. Nematodes were largely restricted to the first 6 m of gut with 71% of worms occurring in the first 3 m. PMID- 6684827 TI - Development of villus atrophy in the small intestine of sheep infected with Trichostrongylus rugatus. AB - Pairs of sheep infected with 120 000 larvae of Trichostrongylus rugatus were killed at intervals from 2 to 56 days after infection (DAI). Worms were located in tunnels in the epithelium of villi or upper intestinal crypts at all stages of development. Villus atrophy developed progressively until 16 DAI, when surface microtopography, characterised by subtotal villus atrophy, stabilised. Most severe lesions were in the first 3 m of small intestine where the density of nematodes was highest. Discontinuities in the epithelium and effusion of inflammatory cells and tissue fluids into the lumen were rare. No effects of infection on body-weight gain, appetite or serum total protein and albumin were evident in the first 20 days of infection. However, it was concluded that T. rugatus fundamentally resembled T. colubriformis and T. vitrinus in the response it elicited in the intestine of sheep, and must be considered potentially pathogenic. PMID- 6684828 TI - A weather-based prediction model for the life-cycle of the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus L. AB - The incidence of sheep tick activity depends not only on the climatic conditions within the tick habitat, but also on the rates of fecundity, development, activity, engorgement and mortality of each stage of the life-cycle. Use of existing experimental results on the effect of these factors enables a model of the life-cycle to be formulated for the purpose of predicting the occurrence of tick activity in the field where climatic conditions vary. The components of such a model are described and the predicted results compared with field studies carried out in Ireland. It is hoped that the model presented will show the potential of formulating a system for predicting tick activity. Such a system could be used to enhance the control of tick-transmitted diseases. PMID- 6684829 TI - Chemotherapeutic treatment of naturally acquired generalized demodicosis. AB - Fifty-two dogs naturally parasitized with Demodex canis and having the generalized form of the disease were utilized to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single or multiple topical treatments with a liquid concentrate formulation of amitraz. Ten dogs (5 treated, 5 controls) were utilized to evaluate a single treatment. A single topical treatment with the miticide did not significantly reduce the incidence of dogs with mites, however, significant clinical improvement resulted. Side-effects were not observed after treatment. Forty-two dogs (26 treated, 16 controls) were utilized to evaluate multiple topical treatments with the liquid concentrate. A series of 3-6 treatments was applied topically at 14-day intervals. The dogs treated with the miticide received an average of 4.5 topical treatments. All (100%) of the dogs responded clinically, and the mean rate of improvement at four weeks post-treatment was 99.1%. Most dogs (96.2%) were cleared of mites after 3-6 treatments, and Mitaban did not cause any dermatologic, ocular, or other clinical side-effects. Multiple treatments with the liquid concentrate were highly efficacious and safe for treatment of generalized demodicosis. Control dogs did not improve clinically and retained mite populations. PMID- 6684830 TI - The effect of altrenogest, an oral progestin, on hematologic and biochemical parameters in mares. AB - Twenty mares were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: no altrenogest; altrenogest at 0.044 mg/kg BW; altrenogest at 0.132 mg/kg BW; or altrenogest at 0.220 mg/kg BW. Treatment was administered daily for 86 days. No signs of illness attributable to feeding altrenogest were observed during the trial. Treatment had no effect (P greater than .05) on the following parameters: WBC, differential WBC, platelet number, creatinine, LDH, CPK, total bilirubin, cholesterol, globulin, BSP, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. When comparing values over time with pretreatment means or among treatment groups, there were differences (P less than .05) in RBC, PCV, Hb, ALT, PT, PTT, P, Na, TP, BUN, Cl and glucose. However, these changes remained within established normal ranges and also occurred in mares in the control group. There was no treatment by time interaction for any of these parameters. Treatment differences (P less than .05) were observed for K, Ca, alkaline phosphatase and AST during the course of the trial. However, only occasional values of these parameters were outside the established ranges. They were only slightly elevated and tended to be either sporadic or also occurred in control mares. Few of the observed changes could be attributed to the feeding of altrenogest. PMID- 6684831 TI - [Interaction of transcortin and type III glucocorticoid receptors with type II glucocorticoid receptors in stress]. AB - Amount of corticosterone-binding sites in transcortin from blood plasma of intact rats constituted 2960 fmole/mg of protein, in the animals with stress reaction caused by immobilization within 24 hrs--1630 fmole/mg. Dissociation constants of the complex corticosterone-transcortin were 4.6 nM and 9.3 nM, respectively. In liver cytosol of intact animals content of glucocorticoid receptors of the III type was 240 fmole/mg, in the animals with stress reaction--66 fmole/mg; dissociation constants of the complex corticosterone-glucocorticoid receptors of the III type were 6.1 nM and 6.3 nM, respectively. Amount of glucocorticoid receptors of the II type was 310 fmole/mg in liver cytosole of intact rats and in the animals with stress--250 fmole/mg; dissociation constants of the complex transcortin-glucocorticoid receptors of the II were 10.6 nM and 20.8 nM, respectively. A decrease in transcortin content led to an increase in the level of free glucocorticoids in blood with simultaneous elevation in the positive gradient of free glucocorticoid concentration and in the rate of steroid diffusion in to cells. At the same time, after a decrease in the tyre III glucocorticoid receptors the formation of complexes of glucocorticoid receptors of the II type-steroids was accelerated and translocation of the complex into cell nuclei was stimulated. Proteolytic enzymes appear to be responsible for transformation of glucocorticoid receptors of the III tyre into the receptors of the II type. PMID- 6684832 TI - [N-nitrosamine content in sausage products manufactured using protein preparations]. AB - The content of carcinogenous N-nitrosamines was measured in protein preparations and sausages manufactured with the use of these preparations. Isolates from sunflower and soybean proteins and casein as well as sausages manufactured with the use of the indicated proteins did not differ from control samples as regards the content of nitrosamines. However, up to 6 micrograms/kg N nitrosodimethylamine was detected in fish protein isolates. The content of nitrosamines in sausages manufactured with the use of fish protein appeared to be higher than in control. PMID- 6684833 TI - [Effect of the qualitative characteristics of food products undergoing heat treatment in soybean oil on its tocopherol content]. AB - Non-refined soybean oil was heated for 4 hours at 180 degrees C together with moistened starch or casein. The total tocopherol and individual isomers were determined. Under experimental conditions described there was a considerable loss of tocopherols (49% of the initial amount). The loss of alpha-isomer is regarded to be the most essential from the physiological standpoint. Introduction of carbohydrates (e.g. starch) to the heated oil maked the tocopherol content descend 39.4%, whereas that of proteins (e.g. casein) resulted in a 34.6% decrease. The product heated in the oil had a selective action on the isomeric composition of tocopherols. Starch heating resulted in a decrease of gamma-isomer losses, casein heating produced the same effect. However, alpha-isomer losses increased. The data obtained indicate the necessity of discounting tocopherol losses on thermal treatment while appraising different culinary dishes and products as vitamin E source in nutrition. PMID- 6684834 TI - Treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Evaluation of plasma exchange and review of the literature. AB - This report examines the results of treatment in 21 patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) diagnosed over a 4-year time period (1976-1980) with a review of the possible role of each form of therapy in relationship to the various proposed pathogenic mechanisms. There was a 76.2% (16/21) overall survival with no significant difference in initial hematologic values in patients not surviving. Patients not surviving did not achieve a sustained platelet count greater than 150,000/microliters at any time during their clinical course. 16 patients received steroids, antiplatelet agents and plasma exchange, with a total volume exchanged ranging from 20.8 to 1,455 ml/kg, as part of their treatment protocol. In this group of patients there was an 81.2% (13/16) survival, with 4 patients receiving additional therapy including splenectomy and/or vincristine. There was no correlation between the intensity of plasma exchange and the time to hematologic recovery. It is apparent that controlled clinical trials are necessary to better define the effectiveness of the present forms of therapy. PMID- 6684835 TI - Plasma exchange in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - We present data on 5 cases with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura treated with plasma exchange in whom conventional drug therapy had been ineffective. In 3, preparation for splenectomy allowed the operation to be performed without bleeding problems. 1 patient who was unfit for splenectomy underwent successful coronary artery vein grafting following preparation with plasma exchange. 2 patients were maintained for variable periods with intermittent exchanges, 1 prior to splenectomy and 1 post-splenectomy. In summary we had no prolonged response to plasma exchange but found it a useful technique as preparation for or adjunctive to more conventional therapy. It was also helpful in patients unresponsive to other forms of therapy who required a brief increase in platelet count to cover surgery or spontaneous haemorrhage. PMID- 6684836 TI - Drug-induced thrombocytopenia. An immunological phenomenon. PMID- 6684837 TI - [Role of the leukocytic index of toxemia in evaluation of the treatment of purulent diseases]. PMID- 6684838 TI - Fluoride-induced filaments of Erwinia carotovora. AB - Sodium fluoride induces filamentous growth of Erwinia carotovora when it is grown in liquid media containing aspartic acid only as the sole source of nitrogen. It is proposed that a stable complex of F(-)-Mg2+-enzyme and PO2(4) resulting in Mg2+ deficiency and consequent inability of E. carotovora cells to oxidize aspartic acid normally, is responsible for the formation of filaments in the presence of fluoride ions. PMID- 6684839 TI - [Paroxysmal AV tachycardia in triplets]. AB - It is reported on triplet sisters with paroxysmal tachycardias. Two of them were enzygotic. For the two an AV-node longitudinal dissociation could be proved as cause of the tachycardia. This observation is regarded as proof for the existence of congenital anomalies of the AV-node as a possible cause of its longitudinal dissociation. PMID- 6684841 TI - [Securing anastomosis of the large intestine with glued autologous tissue]. AB - The colon was cut through across in 32 dogs without essential preparation. The recombination of the ends was carried out by a single-row stitched suture. This one was covered with an autologous strip of parietal peritoneum and fascia which was stuck by histoacryl-N-blue. The results were good after practising this technique. PMID- 6684840 TI - [Effect of blood-sugar levels on the development of stress ulcers in the rat]. AB - The influence of the blood glucose level on the stress ulcer rat was investigated in the immobilised rat. The increase of the blood glucose was produced by injecting a 40 per cent glucose solution by means of a central venous catheter. A reduced secretion of the gastric acid and a reduced frequency of ulcers were observed with increased blood glucose. PMID- 6684842 TI - [Critical analysis of fetal risk recognition by serum estriol determination]. AB - In 901 pregnancies between 1978-1981 a total of 5281 serum estriol determinations were performed. 596 gravidas were high-risk patients (diabetes mell., toxemia, IUGR, premature labour, prolonged pregnancy, Rh incompatibility). In 142 of these high-risk pregnancies the estriol values were below the 10th percentile or the estriol decrease extended 40%. These cases were analysed individually, in order to answer the question, how often serum estriol values were decisive for active obstetrical management. Our data show that a drop of estriol over 40% was very rare (0.53%). For the newborn such an estriol-drop does not mean higher perinatal morbidity or mortality in any case. The endocrine parameters were not very often decisive for an active obstetrical intervention. Probably because of the large fluctuations and day-to-day-variations of the estriol values mainly due to drugs which were widely used in risk pregnancies. These exogenous factors had a negative effect on the clinical value of the serum estriol determinations. PMID- 6684843 TI - [Plasma volumetry with 131I in gestoses of different degrees of severity with dystrophy in children]. AB - Plasma volume was measured with 131I-marked human albumin in 32 cases of gestosis at 35 to 38 weeks gestation. The same tests were made in 4 nonpregnant women. We examined 24 patients suffering from medium to severe gestosis (above 4 points according to Goecke) and 8 patients suffering from minimal gestosis (under 4 points). 4 nonpregnant women exhibited a mean plasma volume of 41.3 ml kg body weight, whereas patients suffering from minimal gestosis exhibited a mean plasma volume of 51.5 ml/kg body weight, in those suffering from medium to severe gestosis we found a volume of 48 ml/kg body weight. There was no significant correlation between the severity of the gestosis and plasma volume reduction, in contrast to birth weight of the infant with regard to gestation period and plasma volume. A low plasma volume in the mother was closely correlated to fetal dystrophy. The sensitivity of the method was 88.8%, specificity 80%. PMID- 6684844 TI - [Kell antibodies in pregnancy]. AB - The paper is concerned with a case presentation of a pregnancy complicated by Kell sensitization. A review of 14 own cases and the literature revealed that sensitization against Kell-antigens requires treatment similar to those with sensitization against D-antigens (Rh0). The diagnostic procedures include repeated amniocentesis, sonography, and titer controls of the Kell-antibodies. PMID- 6684845 TI - [Neonatal mepivacaine poisoning following episiotomy]. AB - Two cases of mepivacaine-intoxication in newborn infants following local anesthesia for maternal episiotomy are presented. The accidental direct injection of local anesthetics into the fetal scalp produce acute drug poisoning in the newborn. Seizures, bradycardia, apnea, hypotonia, loss of pupillary light reflexes are the major manifestations among babies severely poisoned. The early diagnosis and therapy of this syndrome permit a more favorable prognosis without risks of perinatal death or neurologic sequelae. PMID- 6684846 TI - [Involution of the uterus following vaginal or abdominal delivery]. AB - Involution of the uterus was observed in 77 puerperae by B-scan ultrasonography. In most cases the examinations were carried out several times on different days. Of all uterine dimensions (extension, circumferences, areal dimensions, volume index) the length proved particularly suitable for evaluating the involution. The other parameters offered no advantages. The findings covered 60 examinations following spontaneous labor and 137 following cesarean section. In both groups involution was completed by the 6th to 7th week after parturition. On the basis of mean values the course of involution was identical in the two groups, although there was considerable individual scatter. These findings, which do not correlate to the usual palpation findings in daily fundus checks on puerperae, may be explained by the different position of the uterus. Following spontaneous labor there is pronounced anteversion of the uterus and it is located lower. Following cesarean section it adopts a more extended position causing the fundus to be higher on palpation. It was also found that daily intramuscular injection of Syntocinon following cesarean sections has no measurable influence on the rate of involution. PMID- 6684847 TI - [Effect of methylergometrin on involution of the uterus in the early puerperium]. AB - The effect of a routinely administered uterotonic medication is examined prospectively in a group of 69 puerperal women, which is matched with an untreated group of 71. The sonographically measured involution of the length of the uterus and the puerperal morbidity are compared and no difference is found between the two groups. PMID- 6684848 TI - [Spontaneous cecal perforation following cesarean section]. AB - A very rare complication after cesarean section is reported. The spontaneous cecal perforation observed caused an acute abdomen. The re-laparotomy required clarified the situation and led to the correct therapy. The various possibilities by which this clinical picture may arise are dealt with on the basis of the available literature. Extreme overstretching of the cecum is evidently the decisive etiological factor. PMID- 6684849 TI - [Non-invasive determination of the enddiastolic volume of the left ventricle. A comparative angiocardiographic, two-dimensional echocardiographic, computer tomographic and radionuclide ventriculographic study]. AB - 60 patients underwent left ventricular angiography (CV) and/or two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and/or multiple-gated equilibrium angiography (MUGA) and/or computer-tomography (CT) for determination of the left ventricular end diastolic volume. Estimation of the enddiastolic volume from the various measurements showed significant correlations: CV/2DE: y equal 0.839 x +6.10, r equal 0.93, SEE equal 34.2 ml; CV/CT: y equal 0.762 x +30.30, r equal 0.82, SEE equal 20.8 ml; CV/MUGA: y equal 0.992 x +20.53, r equal 0.97, SEE equal 31.4 ml; 2DE/CT: y equal 1.167 x +19.58, r equal 0.93, SEE equal 38.4 ml; 2DE/MUGA: y equal 1.068 x +37,79, r equal 0.90, SEE equal 52.1 ml. Our study demonstrates that noninvasive techniques for measurement of the enddiastolic volume give results comparable to those obtained by cardiac catheterization. In addition, it is of interest that the noninvasive techniques examined show good agreement with each other. PMID- 6684850 TI - [Ventricle function in low-dose digitoxin in patients with chronic heart failure (stage II/III)]. AB - Using one- and two-dimensional echocardiographic parameters, left ventricular function and dimensions were investigated in 11 patients with chronic heart failure (NYHA stages II-III) and in 10 normal subjects after administration of low-dose digitoxin (0.07 mg). Tests were performed before the begin of therapy, on the 3rd day following rapid saturation, and on the 15th day under maintenance therapy. There was no significant decrease either of heart volume as assessed by X-ray or of enddiastolic volume measured echocardiographically. However- predominantly in patients--a marked decrease in endsystolic diameter (p less than 0.01) and an increase in posterior wall motion amplitude (p less than 0.05) was observed resulting in increased stroke volume, shortening fraction (p less than 0.001). Early diastolic left ventricular filling speed also increased significantly in both groups (p less than 0.01). Changes in these parameters were more pronounced in patients than in normal subjects. In both groups the effects were achieved soon after rapid saturation, increasing slightly during the period of chronic administration of low-dose digitoxin. Parallel to the changes in echocardiographic parameters, a noticeable clinical improvement occurred among patients. No side effects were observed as serum digitoxin levels were in the therapeutic range. It may be concluded that low-dose digitoxin can be employed to increase cardiac contractility in patients with heart failure. PMID- 6684851 TI - [Cases from edema consultation hours]. PMID- 6684852 TI - [Effect of previous experience in reacting to a danger signal on "open field" behavior in the rat]. AB - Modification of rats behaviour in an "hopen field" test was investigated, induced by an acoustic stimulus, previously subjected to conditioning in a shuttle chamber in experiments with possibility and impossibility of avoidance from electrical shock. It has been established that presentation of a stimulus having the meaning of a danger signal, in a new situation, significantly suppresses investigating behaviour of rats, whereas the stimulus which had not been subjected to conditioning exerts no marked effect on behaviour. The greatest suppression was observed in rats with "learned helplessness". This fact suggests that the degree of suppression of the behaviour in an open field in response to a danger signal, depends on the animal's previous experience in reacting to this signal. PMID- 6684853 TI - [Participation of serotonin in demonstration of predatory aggression in the mouse]. AB - The study was devoted to the influence of serotonin (5-HT) on the mice predatory aggression towards locusts which was estimated by the latency of attack and the number of aggressive mice in the experimental group. 10 mg/kg of 5-HT injected intraperitoneally, significantly decreased the percentage of aggressive mice and prolonged the attacks latency. 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), 5-HT precursor, had a more prominent inhibitory effect which was significant when the dose amounted to 50 mg/kg. Imipramin, an inhibitor of 5-HT reuptake, diminished predatory aggression in dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of metisergid (blockader of 5 HT receptors) prevented the inhibitory effect of 5-HTP. 5-HT suppressing influence on mice predatory aggression is due by its action on central mechanisms as the injection of small doses of 5-HT in the mice lateral ventricle considerably decreased their aggression towards locusts. PMID- 6684854 TI - [Feeding behavior and the self stimulation reaction in experimental neuroses in the rat]. PMID- 6684855 TI - [Method of creating a conflict situation based on feeding behavior in the monkey]. PMID- 6684856 TI - [Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in the delivery room]. AB - In case of tachycardia the whole clinical picture should be taken into consideration. After exclusion of other kinds of shock also in the delivery room it should be thought of the rare cardiogenic shock caused by paroxismal supraventricular tachycardia. Stimulation of nervus vagus and/or drugs have good success. PMID- 6684857 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of coccygeal teratoma in placenta hypertrophy]. AB - Case report about a stillborn in the 31st gestational week with a large coccygeal teratoma and hypertrophic placenta, polyhydramnios, hyperplasia of liver and kidneys and fetal ascites. Early diagnosis of this nonviable malformation can be made by ultrasonography. PMID- 6684858 TI - [Features of the structural organization of the sensomotor cortex during natural development and among the progeny of alcoholic animals]. AB - Rats of both sexes were given alcohol for four months (15% alcohol in the first month, and 25% alcohol later on). The 21- and 30-day-old rats born to these parents displayed, in addition to the inhibited maturation of the sensomotor cortex, dystrophic alterations in neurons and their dendrites, which were more pronounced in the 21-day-old animals. Despite the signs of a reparative character, the cortical structural organization remained impaired as long as one month after birth. This indicates that alcohol intoxication interferes with postnatal development of the brain in their offspring. PMID- 6684860 TI - [Congenital brain tumors in children under 1 year old]. AB - Secondary, paraventricular and, less frequently, primary tumors of the lateral and third ventricles usually of supratentorial localization prevailed among congenital tumors of the brain. They impair the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and cause internal hydrocephalus. The clinical picture of congenital cerebral tumors is characterized by a manifest hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome and a severe general condition. The neurological symptomatics, the EEG and the Echo-EG usually yielded exact information on internal hydrocephalus but rarely helped in determining the localization and character of the tumor. Pneumoventriculography, angiography, computer tomography, and radioisotope diagnosis were methods which provided the most information. Pneumoventriculography, however, causes many complications and the method of isotope diagnosis and computer tomography is therefore preferable because it is sparing and safe for the use in children of the first year of life. PMID- 6684859 TI - [Features of the effects of apomorphine on rats of different sexes preferring ethyl alcohol]. AB - The influence of apomorphine (1 mg/kg/day subcutaneously) on the behavior and some pharmacokinetic parameters of both male and female rats preferring ethanol to water was studied experimentally. Upon withdrawal of ethanol, apomorphine decreased the time of transmission to water consumption in the rats of both sexes and prevented a decline in the endogenous ethanol levels, the latter effect being especially pronounced in the female rats. Investigations on the "Animex" actograph showed an intensified response to apomorphine in rats preferring ethanol, with female rats displaying a greater change in the response. Under conditions of a renewed access to ethanol, apomorphine increased the time of the restoration of the previous preference for ethanol to water (with a stronger effect seen in females) and lowered the rate of ethanol elimination from the blood (in the female rats exclusively). The effacement of the sex differences in ethanol addicted rats, and a greater damaging impact of ethanol on female rats are emphasized. PMID- 6684861 TI - Changes in plasma kininogen levels in rats before ovulation, and after treatment with luteinizing hormone and oestradiol-17 beta. AB - The pre-ovulatory fall in plasma kininogens in rats with 4 day oestrous cycles started between 12.00 and 15.00 h pro-oestrus, reached a maximum decline of 51% by 18.00 h pro-oestrus, and started to recover before ovulation. Because these changes appeared to correspond with the LH-surge, and to follow the peak in plasma oestradiol-17 beta levels, both of these hormones were tested for possible effects on plasma kininogens. Intracardiac injections of 110 IU of equine LH into dioestrous rats were followed by a decline of 30.8 +/- 6.7% in plasma kininogens, 6 h after injection (significant, P less than 0.01). Values were still depressed, but recovering, 12 h after treatment; the reduction was 21.3 +/- 5.8% (significant, P less than 0.01). Controls showed no decline. Injections of oestradiol-17 beta (1.0 micrograms/100 g body weight) produced no significant effects. It is suggested that the LH surge may be responsible, at least in part, for the decline in plasma kininogens seen before ovulation. PMID- 6684862 TI - Twins living apart test: progress report. AB - A new approach is proposed in twin research based on the study of twins who, though reared together, have subsequently lived apart for a period of at least five years. With respect to the more powerful study of twins reared apart, the twins living apart test has the advantages of being more realistic and affording easier access to sufficiently large samples. In this pilot study, the test has been applied to a sample of 92 monozygotic pairs now aged 35-45; 15 pairs were still living together and 77 had lived apart for over five years. As a first approach, comparisons have been made, in the cotwins of the two subsamples, with respect to the following traits: height, weight, presbyopia, presbyacusia, alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), dental caries, and hours of sleep. PMID- 6684863 TI - Genetic and environmental determinants of 17 serum biochemical traits in Brazilian twins. AB - The genetic and environmental effects on the levels of 17 serum biochemical quantitative traits (calcium, phosphorus, glucose, urea nitrogen, uric acid, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride, alpha-lipoprotein, pre-beta-lipoprotein and beta lipoprotein) were estimated in 105 pairs of healthy twins of both sexes (57 MZ and 48 DZ) by path analysis. The genotype effect h2 was significant for all traits (P less than 0.001) and its value extended from 0.52 (alpha-lipoprotein) to 0.81 (alkaline phosphatase), whereas environmental effect b2 was significant (P less than 0.05) in only 10 traits of the 17 analyzed, with the maximum value of 0.13 (cholesterol). Correlations between genotypes of paired traits were estimated and, of 136 values, 47 were significant at the 5% levels, thus indicating partial and common genetic mechanisms. PMID- 6684864 TI - A note on ascertainment probability in the Allen/Hrubec twin model. AB - In their general model of twin concordance Allen and Hrubec recently introduced the concept of secondary ascertainment rate to consider partial ascertainment of secondary cases. This concept is found to be of limited interest because only pairs where valid information can be obtained from both twins should be included in genetic analyses. It is furthermore shown that the validity of the proband method and the Allen/Hrubec model depends on the equivalence of ascertainment in twins from concordant and discordant pairs. However, if this condition is fulfilled, it has been shown how the ascertainment probability in cotwins of probands is related to the overall ascertainment probability in the total population. PMID- 6684866 TI - International Society for twin studies. PMID- 6684865 TI - A response to Holm. Primary and secondary ascertainment in twin studies. PMID- 6684868 TI - The fluid bridge test for urethral incompetence. A comparison of results in women with incontinence and women with normal urinary control. AB - A new urodynamic test which detects the entry of fluid into the proximal urethra has been used in the investigation of women with urinary incontinence. The test is positive if a "fluid bridge" is established between the bladder and a test point in the urethra. The test results from 30 incontinent patients were compared with those from 30 women with normal urinary control who had been matched for age and parity. Twenty-four of the incontinent women had a positive fluid bridge test (FBT) at 0.5 cm from the bladder neck compared with 6 of the women in the control group. The difference between the test results in the two groups was highly significant (X2 = 19.27, p less than 0.001). In the incontinent patients a diagnosis was made after full clinical examination (which included an attempt to demonstrate stress leakage), cystometry and urethral closure pressure profile measurement. In a number of cases (23%) the only evidence of urethral incompetence was a positive FBT. We conclude that the FBT is a more sensitive index of sphincter weakness than are other non-radiological urodynamic tests. PMID- 6684867 TI - Effects of prenatal gamma-radiation on the development of mice and its modification by 2-mercaptopropionylglycine. AB - Pregnant Swiss albino mice were whole-body exposed to 250, 150 and 50 R gamma radiation from 60Co in the presence or absence of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine during selective organogenesis and fetal growth periods (days 11.25 and 14.25, 16.25 and 18.25 after conception, respectively). Both the protected and nonprotected pregnant females of 11.25-day gestation showed complete resorption of embryos irradiated with 250 R. With 150 R, in absence of the drug, 11.25-day gestating females showed partial resorption (76.10%). The percentage of parturition improved in the drug-treated females. Non-protected females irradiated with 50 R showed slight resorption, while drug-treated females had normal parturition. Females irradiated during the fetal growth period showed no resorption. Also, no significant alteration in litter size and sex ratio of the newborn animals was noticed when irradiated during this period, both in the control and the experimental groups. Mortality of the young was higher in nonprotected animals as compared to the protected ones. PMID- 6684869 TI - Thrombocytopenic purpura after a combined vaccine against morbilli, parotitis and rubella. PMID- 6684870 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of the roots of Rosa multiflora Thunb]. PMID- 6684871 TI - A study of hepatic protein synthesis, three subcellular enzymes, and liver morphology in chronically ethanol fed rats. AB - Male Wistar rats were given ethanol chronically (20-30% of the energy as ethanol) in a nutritionally sufficient regimen. Controls received lipid as isoenergetic substitute for ethanol. Treatment lasted for 2 or 8 weeks. Hepatic protein synthesis was measured in fasted rats during a 32 min. continuous infusion of 3H valine. After 2 weeks of treatment accumulation of hepatic protein was observed in the ethanol group, but there was no change in hepatic protein synthesis or morphology. After 8 weeks the rate of hepatic protein synthesis was decreased by 35% in the ethanol group, but there was no accumulation of protein and a slight accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets. Neither the subcellular distribution of incorporated 3H-valine, nor the activities and distributions of alcohol dehydrogenase and NADPH cytochrome c reductase were changed. Mitochrondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity was decreased in the ethanol group, and cytosolic and microsomal fractions showed higher cytochrome c oxidase activity in this group. Chronic ethanol treatment for 8 weeks had an adverse effect on general protein synthesis as well as on a specific enzyme in the liver in the absence of serious morphologic abnormalities. PMID- 6684872 TI - Effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on liver and plasma protein synthesis in galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats. AB - In rats a single injection (330 mg/kg) of D-galactosamine significantly inhibited in vivo incorporation of 14C-amino acids into fibrinogen, seromucoids and total liver proteins, but not albumin, by one third. Prior chronic exposure to ethanol (5 g/kg/day for 6 weeks) potentiated the inhibition of synthesis of all protein fractions (including albumin) up to about 50%. Propylthiouracil had no beneficial but deleterious effect against this potentiation of hepatotoxicity. PMID- 6684873 TI - Central depressive action of two N-aminomethyl derivatives of diethylpyridinedione. AB - The central depressive action of N-aminomethylmorpholine-3,3-diethyl-2,4 pyridinedione (DKMM) and N-aminomethylpiperazine-3,3-diethyl-2,4-pyridinedione (DKMP), compounds having a marked anticonvulsive effect, has been studied applying a set of methods characterizing this action. DKMM and DKMP are found to prolong hexobarbital, chlorhydrate and alcohol sleeping time. Investigated by the modified jumping test, the two substances inhibit the central nervous system to the same degree. They show at the same time properties of hypnosedatives and neuroleptics as well. DKMM and DKMP manifest motor-incoordination activity in doses nearly 3.5 times higher than the doses inhibiting corazol convulsions. The compounds have a marked antiaggressive effect in the case of isolation syndrome, particularly pronounced for DKMP in a dose of 1/12 of LD50. The results obtained show that DKMM and DKMP are central depressants with marked sedative tranquillizing action. PMID- 6684874 TI - The focal points of origin of the cellular components of effusions in seromucinous otitis media. PMID- 6684875 TI - [Dynamic urethral profile and flowmetry. Pre- and postcolposuspension study]. PMID- 6684876 TI - [Hermaphroditism due to mixed gonadal dysgenesis]. PMID- 6684877 TI - Force-velocity-length relations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: evidence of normal or depressed myocardial contractility. AB - To assess myocardial contractility in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC), force-velocity-length relations were analyzed during left ventricular (LV) ejection. LV pressure, volume and wall stress data in 15 patients with HC were analyzed and compared with values from 32 normal subjects. Patients with HC had a greater LV mass than did normal subjects (272 versus 96 g/m2, p less than 0.001), elevated LV end-diastolic pressure (17.5 versus 9.8 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) and impaired LV relaxation compared with those of normal subjects. Patients with HC also had a greater ejection fraction (84 +/- 7 versus 74 +/- 8%, p less than 0.01) and mean velocity of shortening than did normal subjects. However, in patients with HC, end-systolic stress (60 +/- 29 versus 187 +/- 61 kdyne/cm2, p less than 0.001) was significantly lower. End-systolic volume and stress data were linearly related in normal subjects (r = 0.88), and values from patients with HC fell either within the lowest part of the 95% confidence interval of this normal relation or outside it in the zone of depressed contractility (11 patients with HC). In addition, the slopes of the relations between end-systolic wall stress and ejection fraction or mean velocity of shortening were abnormal in patients with HC; the slope of the stress-volume trajectory during late ejection was also depressed in 12 patients with HC (average slope 2.6 versus 5.5 kdyne/cm5/m2, p less than 0.001). Thus, there is no evidence of a hypercontractile state in patients with HC; their high values of ejection phase indexes may be explained by a reduction in myocardial afterload. PMID- 6684878 TI - Number and size of myocytes and amount of interstitial space in the ventricular septum and in the left ventricular free wall in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6684879 TI - Fixed subaortic stenosis in the young: medical and surgical course in 83 patients. AB - Eighty-three patients aged 11 months to 25 years were followed up a median of 6.1 years (range 8 days to 24 years) after diagnosis of fixed subaortic stenosis (SAS). Fourteen (17%) had significant noncardiac defects and 47 (57%) had additional cardiac malformations. The left ventricular (LV) outflow gradient increased in 25 of 26 patients catheterized more than once before surgery. Of 15 patients less than 12 years old with gradients less than or equal to 40 mm Hg, 10 ultimately underwent operation after developing severe obstruction; another has progressed to a gradient of 45 mm Hg at 6 years of age. Before surgery (at a median age of 12 years), 55% had aortic regurgitation (AR), which was usually mild. Infective endocarditis occurred in 12% of the group, with a frequency of 14.3 cases per 1,000 patient-years. Seventy-four patients were operated on, with 6 early (8%) and 7 late (9%) deaths. Twelve underwent reoperation to relieve residual obstruction. Surgery reduced gradients in patients with discrete SAS from 83 +/- 33 to 29 +/- 30 mm Hg, but in 6 patients with tunnel SAS the reduction was less satisfactory. AR was absent or mild in most patients postoperatively. When the gradient was reduced to less than 80 mm Hg, infective endocarditis did not occur unless there were other residual lesions. These data suggest that it is reasonable to resect discrete SAS in children less than 10 to 12 years old with LV outflow gradients greater than or equal to 30 mm Hg. PMID- 6684880 TI - Dual isotope Schilling test for measuring absorption of food-bound and free vitamin B12 simultaneously. AB - A prototype food-bound vitamin B12 (food-B12) absorption test has been developed in which 57Co-B12 was incorporated in vitro into egg yolk (yolk-B12) and served to volunteers in 50-g cooked portions together with toast and coffee for breakfast. Six hours later, 1 mg nonlabeled B12 was given intramuscularly and 24 hour urine was collected for radioactivity measurement. In separate tests, the absorption of yolk-B12 and crystalline 57Co-B12 was equally poor in patients with pernicious anemia. However, in patients with simple gastric achlorhydria and those who had undergone gastric surgery, the assimilation of yolk-B12 was impaired greatly, whereas the absorption of crystalline radio-B12 was normal. Egg yolk labeled with 58Co-B12 was administered together with crystalline 57Co-B12 in a dual isotope test with results similar to those obtained when the tests were prepared separately. This yolk-58Co-B12 test with its ability to detect malabsorption of food-B12 may be considered as an addition to the first part of the Schilling test. PMID- 6684881 TI - Diffuse histiocytosis of the spleen and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP): histochemical and ultrastructural studies. AB - A case of ITP where the spleen was infiltrated diffusely and extensively by foamy macrophages is described. Among these macrophages were also clusters of cells with the morphologic and tinctorial characteristics of ceroid or "sea-blue" histiocytes. The ultrastructural characteristics of the foamy and ceroid histiocytes are described. Transition of ceroid cells into foamy macrophages is demonstrated, and intermediate forms were observed. It is postulated that the ceroid or sea-blue histiocytes are macrophages that contain platelets at an early stage of digestion, and when the phagocytosis of these platelets is completed, the macrophages become foamy. Therefore, it is suggested that the foamy cells and ceroid or sea-blue histiocytes seen in the spleen in cases of ITP are macrophages that have ingested and metabolized the abnormal platelets. PMID- 6684882 TI - Urodynamic changes after successful operation for stress urinary incontinence. AB - Urethral closure pressure profiles were evaluated in 18 patients who had surgical cure of stress urinary incontinence. Functional length and maximal closure pressures were compared before and after the operation to determine what effect, if any, successful surgical intervention had on these parameters. No apparent differences were identified. The reasons for successful surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence are unrelated to any change in urethral functional length or closure pressure. PMID- 6684883 TI - Cervical choriocarcinoma associated with an intrauterine contraceptive device: a case report. PMID- 6684884 TI - Influence of danazol on cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen binding capacity in the uterus. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats with estrous cycles were exposed to danazol (Danocrine) at a single dose of 10 mg/kg for either 6 or 24 hours, or daily until a pattern of no cycles (6 days) was noted on vaginal smears. The animals were individually housed and exposed to a 14-hour light/10-hour dark environment. Prior to drug administration, daily vaginal smears were obtained to ensure cycle normalcy. After the appropriate exposure to medication, the animals were killed, the uterine horns were removed, and determination was made of cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors. The animals in the control group (6 and 24 hours, and daily injected) received vehicle only (mineral oil). The influence of danazol on sex steroid receptor levels appeared to be related to the phase of the estrous cycle at the time of sacrifice. At both 6 and 24 hours of exposure to danazol, there was a slight decrease in specific estrogen binding capacity of cytosols, with no alteration in the levels of nuclear receptors in the uteri of rats with cycles. In the groups with no cycles, there was an increase in cytosolic estrogen binding capacity at 1 and 6 days of danazol treatment, with a slight decrease in nuclear receptor binding when compared with treated rats with cycles. Statistical evaluation revealed a significant difference in cytosolic estrogen binding capacity between the series with cycles and the series without cycles (p less than 0.01). This study provides further information in regard to danazol action on cytosol and nuclear receptors correlated with phase of the estrous cycle. PMID- 6684886 TI - The natural course of early intrauterine urethral obstruction. PMID- 6684885 TI - Association of birth outcome with subsequent fertility. AB - The association between birth outcome and subsequent fertility was analyzed by using linked Norwegian birth certificates. All births of order 1, 2, and 3 which occurred during 1967 through 1974 were considered index births; there were approximately 207,000 index births of order 1, 165,000 of order 2, and 87,000 of order 3. The mothers' fertility after these index births was summarized with a life-table technique. Fertility was most pronounced if there were no survivors of an index birth, intermediate if there was one survivor, and lowest if both members of a set of twins survived. Advanced maternal age was associated with markedly reduced fertility. The sex of a surviving singleton had little effect on a mother's subsequent fertility. However, there was a sex-related difference if index twins survived; fertility was lower after the birth of unlike-sex twins and higher after the birth of like-sex twins. This probably reflects reproductive limitation rather than a differential fecundity for mothers of dizygotic and monozygotic twins. A comparison of fertility after births of like-sex and unlike sex twins with one survivor may indicate that mothers of dizygotic twins were more fertile, but the number available for study was small. Reproduction among women who had two index births during 1967 through 1974 was examined separately. Fertility was most marked if neither of the first two infants survived and lowest where three survived (i.e., where one of the index births involved twins). If there were two survivors, the sex composition of the pair influenced fertility; fertility was greater if the two survivors were of the same sex and lower if they were of unlike sex. Since a woman who has an unfavorable outcome in one pregnancy will be at a higher risk of having an unfavorable outcome in a subsequent pregnancy, the higher fertility of such women will, to some degree, inflate the frequency of unfavorable outcomes in a population of births. PMID- 6684887 TI - The effects of parathyroidectomy on the development of nephrocalcinosis in rats fed phosphate-supplemented and unsupplemented diets containing alpha protein. AB - The effects of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on the development of nephrocalcinosis in rats fed a diet containing alpha protein were investigated for the purpose of determining whether the nephrocalcinosis was phosphate-induced. PTX completely prevented the occurrence of nephrocalcinosis in rats fed a phosphate-supplemented commercial laboratory diet for 4 weeks. However, PTX did not completely prevent the occurrence of nephrocalcinosis in rats fed a phosphate-supplemented alpha protein diet. Several calciferous deposits were found in the inner medulla. The same was also found in rats that underwent sham operations and PTX rats fed the basal alpha protein diet. Total renal calcium and phosphorous levels in these three groups were also similar and were about twice as great as those in corresponding groups fed phosphate-supplemented and unsupplemented commercial laboratory diets. Therefore, we conclude that the nephrocalcinosis in rats fed a basal alpha protein diet is not induced by PTH or excess phosphate, but is induced by some other factor associated with the diet. PMID- 6684888 TI - Phosphate and the development of nephrocalcinosis in rats fed diets containing alpha protein. AB - It has been suggested that nephrocalcinosis in rats fed diets containing alkali treated soy protein may be due to a high availability of phosphate in the diet. In the present study, the development of nephrocalcinosis in rats fed a diet containing 20% alpha protein (an alkali-treated soy protein) was compared with that in rats fed the same diet supplemented with additional phosphate. Phosphate supplementation of the alpha protein diet produced a form of nephrocalcinosis that was morphologically different, at both the light- and electronmicroscopic level, from that obtained with the unsupplemented diet but was quite similar to that obtained with a phosphate-supplemented standard commercial laboratory diet. Levels of serum and urinary calcium and phosphorus and urinary cyclic AMP suggested that a phosphate-induced secondary hyperparathyroidism was present in the rats fed either of the phosphate-supplemented diets, but not in the rats fed the unsupplemented alpha protein diet. The results of this study suggest that nephrocalcinosis in rats fed a diet containing 20% alpha protein, without additional phosphate, is not typically phosphate-induced. PMID- 6684889 TI - Indochinese refugee fertility rates and pregnancy risk factors, Oregon. AB - Matching 471 Oregon birth certificates with official Indochinese arrival lists reveals a fertility rate of 126.7, 1.8 times the US rate of 68.5. Greater maternal and infant risk rates were noted, particularly for Hmong. Data indicate improvements in obtaining prenatal care and in reducing the number of low birth weight infants for refugees who have resided in the US three or more months: however, the improvements appear to be reversed after 12 months of US residency. PMID- 6684890 TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies directed against Eimeria tenella sporozoites to determine stage specificity and in vitro effect on parasite penetration and development. AB - Three different hybridoma-produced monoclonal antibodies (Ab) were used to study their reactivities with in vitro developmental stages of Eimeria tenella and their effects on sporozoite penetration and intracellular development. One Ab (designated B10) was stage-specific, whereas the other 2 Ab (designated C3 and E5) reacted with various intracellular developmental stages of the coccidia. The E5 Ab interacted with the cytoplasm of cultured cells that were infected with sporozoites at 24 hours after inoculation. All 3 Ab inhibited penetration to various degrees--the one designated B10 having the greatest inhibitory effect. These 3 Ab also inhibited development of the parasite in cell culture, provided that Ab was continuously present in the cell culture medium. Removal of Ab from the medium allowed coccidial development to continue at about the same rate as in controls. A longer pretreatment time of the sporozoites with the Ab before cell inoculation increased the inhibitory effect with respect to both the penetration and the development of the parasite. PMID- 6684891 TI - [Congenital heart block in a newborn infant born to a mother with lupus erythematosus]. AB - We report a case of a newborn with a congenital heart-block. Clinical picture began with bradycardia and heart failure from birth. The mother had a systemic lupus erythematosus in remission during pregnancy suffering a reactivation after delivery. This report deals about the greater incidence of congenital heart-block in the lupus-mother's newborns and we expose some etiopathogenic hypothesis. Also we point-out the easy clinical and electrocardiographic diagnosis that shows a third degree heart-block with atrioventricular dissociation and atrial frequency two or three times greater than ventricular. It's established the differential diagnosis among neonatal bradycardias and congenital heart-blocks. The treatment with isoproterenol was ineffective. A pacemaker was need. PMID- 6684892 TI - Neurologic manifestations of essential thrombocythemia. AB - Essential thrombocythemia is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder, characterized predominantly by a markedly elevated platelet count without known cause. We report a case that was recognized during investigation of a transient ischemic attack, and review the neurologic findings in 33 patients with unequivocal essential thrombocythemia under prospective study by the Polycythemia Vera Study Group. Twenty-one patients had neurologic manifestations at some point during their course, including headache (13 patients), paresthesiae (10), posterior cerebral circulatory ischemia (9), anterior cerebral circulatory ischemia (6), visual disturbances (6) and epileptic seizures (2). All patients with neurologic symptoms responded satisfactorily to treatment, although continuous or repeated treatment was often required. Therapeutic recommendations include plateletpheresis for major thrombo-hemorrhagic phenomena, or megakaryocyte suppression with radioactive phosphorus, alkylating agents (such as melphalan), or hydroxyurea; minor symptoms may respond to platelet antiaggregating agents. PMID- 6684893 TI - Homosexuality, steroid therapy, and histoplasmosis. PMID- 6684895 TI - The ruby and argon lasers in the treatment of naevi. AB - There are many kinds of abnormally coloured skin lesions, or naevi, which cannot be successfully treated by using conventional techniques. From experience gained in treating over 6,700 patients in the last 6 years, we find that the visible light ruby and argon lasers are useful in the treatment of naevi. However, to use the laser effectively and safely, both skill and knowledge are necessary so that it can become an additional and effective tool in the management of certain dermatological conditions. PMID- 6684896 TI - [Sporogenesis, antibiotic biosynthesis and the systematic position of Fusidium coccineum]. AB - Cytomorphological study of the wild and isogenic improved strains of F. coccineum revealed that with increasing of the antibiotic potency the character of the strain sporulation changed towards predominant formation of the spore "heads" which is characteristic of the sporogenesis of the genus Acremonium. These data allow one to revise the systematic position of the strains of F. coccineum and to classify them according to Gamsas belonging to Acremonium designated as Acremonium fusidioides. The criteria of the highly potent strains of this organisms are the following: formation of the spore "heads", changes in the event sequence during sporulation, decreasing of the spore index L/B with an increase in the strain potency. These criteria may be used in further improvement on the organism. PMID- 6684894 TI - Selective induction of macrophages in the middle ear. AB - A method is described for inducing an influx primarily of macrophages into the middle ears of chinchillas using keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH, a strong immunogen) and mineral oil (a nonimmunogen) to provide adequate numbers of these cells for study. Although KLH and mineral oil both induced sterile otitis media in which macrophages were the predominant cell type present in the middle ear, the cytological and histological responses of the middle ears to these substances differed. KLH proved to be a much stronger inducer of actively phagocytic macrophages and also produced serous effusions in about 11% of the experimental animals. This experimental model provides an opportunity for the in vitro and in vivo study of the role of macrophages, the predominant cell type associated with human chronic otitis media with effusion, in the defense system of the middle ear. PMID- 6684898 TI - Pharmacology of aztreonam after intravenous infusion. AB - The pharmacokinetics of aztreonam, a monocyclic beta-lactam which inhibits most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae at concentrations of less than 1 microgram/ml and most Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates at concentrations of less than 16 micrograms/ml, were examined in healthy male volunteers after 30-min intravenous infusions of 0.5, 1, and 2 g of the drug. Mean peak levels of the drug in serum at the end of infusion were 65.5, 164, 255 micrograms/ml after 0.5 1, and 2 g, respectively, with levels of the drug in serum of 1.8, 3, and 8.5 micrograms/ml at 8.5 h for the three doses, respectively. The half-life was approximately 2 h for all three doses. The total serum clearance averaged 1 ml/min per kg. The apparent volume of distribution averaged 0.17 liter/kg for the three doses. Overall excretion of the drug in urine was 61%, with mean levels in urine of 23, 52, and 109 micrograms/ml at 8.5 to 12.5 h after 0.5, 1, and 2 g of aztreonam, respectively. Concentrations of the drug in serum after a 1-g dose exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration for 90% of the members of the Enterobacteriaceae by four- to eightfold for 8 h and exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration for P. aeruginosa isolates for 4 h. PMID- 6684897 TI - Treatment of intracranial dengue virus infections in mice with a lipophilic derivative of ribavirin. AB - Rimantadine, ribavirin, and 6-mercapto-9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)purine, administered intraperitoneally every 8 h for 7 days starting minutes after virus challenge, had no effect on survival and mean survival time of BALB/c mice inoculated intracranially with dengue virus type 2. In contrast, intraperitoneal treatment with ribavirin 2',3',5'-triacetate, a lipophilic analog of ribavirin, effected significant increases in both mean survival time and survival rate, suggesting that ribavirin 2',3',5'-triacetate may be superior to rabavirin for treatment of viral diseases of the brain. PMID- 6684899 TI - [Inhibitory effects of OK-432 and PSK on cell growth of in vitro human choriocarcinoma cell lines]. AB - The cancer chemotherapy combined with immuno-potentiators, OK-432 and/or PSK, had yielded an improvement in survival rate of choriocarcinoma patients in our clinic as previously reported elsewhere. In the present study, for the purpose of evaluation of direct antitumor activity of OK-432 and PSK, inhibitory effects of the drugs on cell growth of GCH-1 and GCH-2 (in vitro cell lines of human choriocarcinoma) were analyzed referring to those of MTX (methotrexate) and Act-D (actinomycin D). 1) IC 50 (50% inhibitory concentration) of OK-432 and of PSK were 0.56 KE/ml on GCH-1 and 0.48 KE/ml on GCH-2, and 310 micrograms/ml on GCH-1 and 460 micrograms/ml on GCH-2, respectively. 2) The morphological changes of the target cells, observed by light and electron microscope, induced by OK-432 and PSK seemed to be not different from those by MTX and Act-D. 3) Serial changes of hCG levels in the culture media in which OK-432 or PSK was added were roughly comparable with those in MTX or Act-D. Thus, the direct antitumor activity of OK 432 and PSK on GCH-1 and GCH-2 was exquisitely weak judging from their IC50 and it was suggested that their direct antitumor effects in vivo might be clinically negligible in choriocarcinoma. PMID- 6684900 TI - Heat distribution over normal and abnormal joints: thermal pattern and quantification. AB - We have identified regular thermal patterns over normal knee, ankle, and elbow joints and demonstrate how synovitis affecting these joints may be identified by alteration or loss of the thermal pattern. Sixty healthy volunteers were thermographed on a total of 190 occasions, and 614 out of 618 joints conformed to the normal thermal pattern. Eighty-five patients with synovitis of at least one of the specified joints were thermographed on a total of 339 occasions, and 322 out of 1362 thermograms were abnormal. No joint with clinical evidence of synovitis had a normal thermal pattern. As temperature-based parameters have been found to show marked diurnal variation and relative frequency distributions do not have this drawback, we suggest that quantification of synovitis by thermography should in future be based on abnormalities of thermal pattern rather than absolute skin temperature values. PMID- 6684901 TI - Androgen influences on glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase in the epididymis of the rat. AB - Glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase activity in the total, caput, and cauda epididymis was estimated. Efferent duct ligation for 7 or 16 days caused significant reduction in the enzyme activity of caput epididymidis only and had no effect on the cauda epididymidis. Treatment with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at a dose of 100 micrograms per day restored the enzyme activity in the caput epididymidis. PMID- 6684902 TI - Microsomal and plasma membrane sialyltransferase activity in rat epididymis. AB - 3H-sialyl residues transfer by subcellular epididymal fractions [plasma membrane (PM), microsomes (MI), and mitochondria (MT)] to both endogenous and exogenous acceptors was studied. Their fraction purity was valued (5' nucleotidase and glucose 6-phosphatase activities). The glycoprotein or glycolipid N-acetyl neuraminyl transferase activity in microsomes were 5 times higher in caput than in cauda (624 to 125 pmoles/30 min/mg protein). PM activity also was higher in caput. In MT fraction, the activity was smaller. Two mechanisms related to spermatozoa glycoprotein changes during maturation are proposed: secretion to the lumen of molecules previously glycosilated in microsomes and transialylation to spermatozoa from membranal ectoenzymes localized on the surface of the epididymal epithelium. PMID- 6684904 TI - Asymmetric septal hypertrophy in the differential diagnosis of endocarditis. PMID- 6684903 TI - [Fibrous fixed subaortic stenosis]. AB - Fifty eight patients with isolated with discrete subaortic stenosis or in association with just another heart defect, were studied between 1961 and 1980. The age range was between 2 and 42 years. The evaluation of each case was done according to clinical manifestations, systolic overloading of the left ventricle and the amount of the systolic gradient. There is a poor correlation between the clinical, electrocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters according to the student t test in the preoperative evaluation. Forty-one patients were operated, two of them died in the early post-operative period. There was a good clinical evolution with significant values comparing pre and post-operative symptoms. The decrease in the systolic gradient in 26 cases after surgery was significative (p less than or equal to 0.005). Based on the natural history of this malformation and on the results obtained with the surgical treatment, we may conclude that there is surgical indication once the diagnosis is made, because this malformation has a completely different evolution compared with other forms of congenital aortic stenosis. PMID- 6684905 TI - [Acquired neonatal herpes]. AB - The authors report a case of neonatal herpes simplex infection with favourable outcome, without any sign of meningo-encephalitis or dissemination. The child was given antiviral treatment with Acyclovir from the first day of rash. Vesicle scraping and a complete serologic study of both child and mother proved infection was due to herpes simplex virus type I, transmitted to the neonate during primary maternal infection with gingivostomatitis beginning on the day of delivery. The different routes of postnatal contamination of the neonate by herpes virus and the risks of dissemination are reviewed. The importance of preventing contamination and dissemination of a known herpetic infection in maternity hospitals and in nurseries for newborns is emphasized. Antiviral treatment should be used in all neonates with localized herpetic infection. PMID- 6684906 TI - Relationships in sleep characteristics of identical and fraternal twins. AB - We recorded EEGs for 14 identical and 14 fraternal young adult twin pairs during one night of sleep in our laboratory. They were instructed to sleep as long as possible. The extended sleep of the identical and fraternal twins was correlated. The structural measures of sleep of the fraternal twins were not correlated. The onset latencies, awakening measures, stage changes, and rapid eye movement amounts were significantly correlated in the identical twins. The nature of the measures used supports an interpretation of hereditary aspects of sleep length and certain structural components of sleep. PMID- 6684907 TI - [Contribution on the familial occurrence of malignant testicular tumors]. AB - Eight cases of testis tumors in monozygote twin brothers are described in the bibliography. One case is added here. Nearly at the same age, two twin brothers got a right side embryonal teratocarcinoma. The histories of diseases were approximately identical. The brothers died two years later. The possibility of genetic factors causing or influencing the development of malignant testicular tumors are briefly discussed. PMID- 6684908 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6684909 TI - [Clinical meeting at the Brazilian Institute for Study and Research in Gastroenterology]. PMID- 6684911 TI - Medical risks of teenage pregnancy. PMID- 6684913 TI - Alterations of exploratory patterns induced by uncontrollable shock. AB - A series of studies evaluated the effects of footshock on subsequent patterns of exploration in an eight-arm radial maze. When permitted to explore an eight-arm maze freely, mice typically exhibited a characteristic pattern of exploration in which they tended to enter arms of the maze that were least recently visited (spontaneous alternation). Moreover, animals frequently made successive entries into immediately adjacent arms of the maze (adjacent alternation). Following exposure to escapable shock the alternation performance is not appreciably altered; however, an identical amount of uncontrollable shock disrupted the adjacent alternation tendency. The disruption was evident immediately after shock, but was absent if mice were tested 24 hr after the inescapable-shock treatment. Interestingly, when mice were reexposed to a small number of shocks, a treatment which itself has no effect, the disturbance of adjacent alternation was reinstated. It is suggested that the alterations of exploratory patterns may be related to catecholamine alterations provoked by stressors, and that the behavioral disturbance could potentially influence performance in tasks involving associative processes. PMID- 6684912 TI - Characteristics of aggressive behavior induced by nucleus accumbens septi lesions in rats. AB - The effect of selective caudal and/or rostral nucleus accumbens septi lesions on emotional behavior were studied in male Wistar King A rats. The caudal, rostral, and both areas of the accumbens nuclei were lesioned each in separate animal groups. The rats of all groups exhibited hyperirritability and muricide after accumbens lesions. Muricide was highest in incidence in the group of both caudal and rostral accumbens lesions and remained unchanged throughout the experimental period of 15 days. Moreover, accumbens-lesioned rats also showed mouse-eating behavior. These results suggest that the accumbens plays an important role in modulating aggression, and the characteristics of aggressive behavior induced by accumbens lesions resemble that of raphe-lesioned rats. PMID- 6684914 TI - Estrous cycle modulation of the attraction to odors in female golden hamsters. AB - Receptive female Syrian hamsters were significantly attracted to the odors of other hamsters but not to odors obtained from certain foods. Estrous female attraction scores were larger in response to male Syrian flank gland sebum (SMFG) than to estrous hamster vaginal discharge (HVD) obtained from either Syrian (SHVD) or Turkish (THVD) hamsters. On Day 3 of their estrous cycle, nonreceptive Syrian hamsters were significantly attracted to food-related odors but not to the odors of other hamsters (SMFG, SHVD, or THVD). PMID- 6684915 TI - The role of norepinephrine and acetylcholine in mediating escape deficits produced by inescapable shocks. AB - This study examined the role of neurochemical changes produced by inescapable shock, specifically the depletion of norepinephrine (NE) and enhancement of acetylcholine (ACh), in mediating subsequent inescapable shock-induced deficits in escape acquisition in rats. Enhancement of these neurochemical changes by injections of the NE synthesis inhibitor, FLA-63 (10 mg/kg), or the anticholinesterase, eserine sulphate (3 X 0.5 mg/kg), during the inescapable shock enhanced the subsequent escape deficits observed 3 days later. In contrast, these drugs had no effect on the subsequent escape behavior of rats that were not exposed to inescapable shock. Since these effects could not be attributed to carry-over or state-dependent effects of the drugs, these data suggest that the magnitude of the escape deficit produced by prior inescapable shock is dependent on the magnitude of the initial inescapable shock-induced changes in NE and ACh. PMID- 6684916 TI - The effect of conspecifics on corticoadrenal response of rats to a novel environment. AB - The effect of housing conditions and the presence of a conspecific on corticoadrenal response to a novel environment was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The response to a novel environment was the same in rats housed in groups and rats housed alone for 20 days before testing, suggesting that isolation during adulthood did not affect corticoadrenal response to a novel environment. The presence of a nonfamiliar rat (proceeding from another home cage) did not modify corticoadrenal response to the novel environment but the presence of a rat proceeding from the same home cage induced a higher corticoadrenal response to this stressful stimuli. These results can be explained considering that rats exhibit greater emotional reactivity, as measured by adrenal function, in situations which combine familiar (the other rat) and novel (the box) elements than those completely unfamiliar. PMID- 6684910 TI - Subacute zygomycosis of the orbit. AB - A zygomycotic (phycomycotic) orbital cellulitis developed in a healthy 9-year-old boy. Because of the involved tissue's unfamiliar histopathologic features, an initial diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma was made and appropriate treatment was delayed for more than six months. The patient's slowly progressive form of zygomycosis was clinically and morphologically similar to that described in previously recorded cases. All three cases occurred in otherwise healthy children living within the United States. Their involved tissues had mixed histopathologic features of chronic granulomatous entomophthoramycosis and acute necrotizing mucormycosis; however, unlike entomophthoramycosis, the fungi in these cases may invade the walls of blood vessels and cause severe tissue necrosis. We believe that these three cases represent a distinct clinicopathologic variant of facial cranial zygomycosis not previously delineated in the literature. Although they are aggressive, these infections are not as fulminant as in classic mucormycosis, but can nevertheless be lethal. PMID- 6684917 TI - Mouse killing in rats induced by lesions of the medial hypothalamus or medial accumbens: short-term preoperative exposure to a mouse does not suppress the killing. AB - Rats were either exposed or not exposed to a mouse in their living cage for a 48 hr period. At the end of this time a bilateral lesion was made in the medial accumbens region or in the medial hypothalamus. When tested 2 days postoperatively, the killing frequency among rats that had been exposed to mice preoperatively was not significantly lower than that of rats that were not preoperatively exposed. The ineffectiveness of preoperative experience in suppressing the mouse killing induced by medial accumbens and medial hypothalamic lesions is similar to that found previously with dorsal-median raphe lesions and olfactory bulb lesions and is in contrast to the ease with which preoperative experience prevents mouse killing induced by septal lesions and serotonergic lesions induced by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. PMID- 6684918 TI - Persistence of flavor neophobia as an indicator of state-dependent retention induced by pentobarbital, stress, and estrus. AB - As fear conditioning paradigms have failed to find state-dependent retention (SDR) in rats dissociated by the estrous state, an attempt was made to establish a paradigm involving the attenuation of flavor neophobia as a more sensitive indicator of SDR. Experiment 1 established that the paradigm did indicate SDR in male rats dissociated by pentobarbital (10 mg/kg). Experiment 2 generalized the utility of the technique by employing an endogenous state, shock-induced stress, as the dissociative state. Having proved to be an indicator of SDR in the first two experiments, the technique was used in Experiment 3 to investigate the possible dissociative characteristics of the estrous state in female rats. Estrus was investigated because, due to the hormonal condition during estrus, it may provide a useful tool in investigating the dissociative aspects of human perimenstrual periodic psychosis. In Experiment 3, using ovariectomized female rats brought into estrus by injection of estrogen and progesterone in a sequence and amount comparable to the natural cycle, estrus was not demonstrated to be dissociative, i.e., did not produce SDR. The implications of these results in relation to perimenstrual periodic psychosis were discussed. PMID- 6684919 TI - [Poultry meat hygiene--comments on mass screening from the biometric viewpoint]. PMID- 6684920 TI - The human erythrocyte nucleoside and glucose transporters are both band 4.5 membrane polypeptides. AB - Human erythrocyte membranes and partially purified nucleoside transporter (band 4.5 and 7) were photoaffinity labelled with 3H-labelled 6-[(4-nitrobenzyl)thio]-9 beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine under equilibrium binding conditions. Band 4.5 was the major site of radiolabelling in both preparations. These experiments provide additional evidence to implicate band 4.5 polypeptides in nucleoside permeation, proteins previously shown to be involved in hexose transport. PMID- 6684921 TI - The effect of dopamine on L-fucose incorporation into hippocampal and striatal slices of dopamine-supersensitive rats. AB - The incorporation of L-[1-3H]fucose into total proteins was measured in hippocampal and striatal slices of dopamine-supersensitive and control rats. Compared with controls, striatal slices of supersensitive animals exhibited an augmented stimulation of L-fucose incorporation by 5 X 10(-5) M dopamine. This result supports former data about a dopamine-receptor mediated regulation of protein glycosylation in the nervous tissue. PMID- 6684922 TI - Evidence for a spectrin-like protein as a major component of the synaptosomal membrane cytoskeleton. AB - After treatment of synaptosomes with Nonidet-containing buffers, a proportion of the proteins remained insoluble. The major component (50%) of the residue was identified as a spectrin-like protein by immunodetection after mono- and bi dimensional gel electrophoresis and transfer to nitrocellulose paper. Actin was also present. PMID- 6684923 TI - Ribonucleotides are not channeled into DNA in permeabilized mammalian cells. AB - Reddy and Pardee earlier reported that permeabilized CHEF/18 cells (J. Biol. Chem 257, 12526) or soluble extracts from such cells (Cell 32, 443) under the proper conditions preferentially incorporated a labeled ribonucleotide (CDP) into DNA without dilution by an excess of non-labeled dCTP, suggesting channeling of ribonucleotides into DNA by a multiprotein complex. Here we present results suggesting that in these experiments CDP was incorporated into RNA and not into DNA. PMID- 6684924 TI - DNA strand breaks in murine lymphocytes: induction by purine and pyrimidine analogues. AB - At the onset of culture of mouse splenic lymphocytes with concanavalin A (Con A), a 6 h pulse with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or 8-azaguanine (8-AG), under conditions previously shown to lead to an irreversible block of the stimulated cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle (1,2), causes extensive DNA strand breakage. Breaks induced by the analogues early in culture were largely unrepaired even after 48 h culture. Analogues that did not block the proliferative response did not cause DNA strand breakage. Unrepaired DNA strand breaks, induced by the purine and pyrimidine analogues, provide a mechanism that can account for the block of the stimulated lymphocytes before S phase. Many strand breaks were found to exist in the DNA of normal, resting splenic lymphocytes; these were rapidly repaired within 2 h of stimulation with Con A, unlike those induced by the analogues. PMID- 6684925 TI - In vitro transfer of chylomicron retinol and retinyl esters. AB - The redistribution of rat chylomicron retinoids following incubation with fasting or postheparin human plasma was investigated. With fasting plasma, chylomicron retinol appeared among higher density lipoprotein acceptors and density greater than 1.21 gm/ml plasma proteins; only small amounts of retinyl ester were found therein. With postheparin plasma, retinyl ester-containing chylomicron remnants with densities spanning the low- and high density lipoprotein distributions were generated; appreciable quantities of retinyl esters appeared among rho greater than 1.019 lipoproteins only in the presence of postheparin plasma. These observations are consistent with the conservation of retinyl esters, but not retinol, among chylomicrons and their catabolic products. PMID- 6684926 TI - Chemiluminescence of the in situ rat liver after acute ethanol intoxication- effect of (+)-cyanidanol-3. PMID- 6684928 TI - 2-Acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. 6.2-Acetylpyridine and 2-butyrylpyridine thiosemicarbazones as antileukemic agents. AB - N4-Monosubstituted and N4,N4-disubstituted thiosemicarbazones derived from 2 acetylpyridine, 2-acetyl-6-methylpyridine and 2-butyrylpyridine, and N4,N4 disubstituted selenosemicarbazones derived from 2-acetylpyridine were evaluated against leukemia P388 in the mouse. Significant antitumor activity (T/C greater than 125%) was observed for members of each class. Enhancement of antitumor activity resulted from increasing the size of the N4-substituent of the thiosemicarbazone moiety. Selenosemicarbazones were less active than the corresponding thiosemicarbazones. PMID- 6684927 TI - Altered hormone sensitivity of adenylate cyclase in myocardial sarcolemma of renal hypertensive rats. AB - Adenylate cyclase activity was studied in the myocardial sarcolemmal membranes from sham-operated control and renal hypertensive rats (RHR). Basal adenylate cyclase activity was not significantly different in RHR as compared to control rats. The stimulation of adenylate cyclase by adenosine, epinephrine and norepinephrine was diminished in RHR, whereas dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase was almost completely abolished. The decreased responsiveness of adenylate cyclase to catecholamines was associated with a decrease in the Vmax. Furthermore, the stimulation of enzyme activity by F- and forskolin was also decreased. The data indicate that, in renal hypertension, the responsiveness of adenylate cyclase to various hormones and to agents (forskolin and F-) which do not act through receptors is impaired. PMID- 6684929 TI - Pharmacological study of the antitussive and respiratory-analeptic properties of N-(2'-ethylpyrrolidino)diphenylacetamide hydrochloride (F 1459). AB - The antitussive and respiratory stimulant properties of N-(2' ethylpyrrolidino)diphenylacetamide hydrochloride (F 1459) in animals are reported. In the mechanical stimulation of the trachea in guinea pigs and after intraperitoneal administration of the product, F 1459 showed a better antitussive action as compared to oxeladin, zipeprol, codeine and clobutinol. Low intraduodenal doses of F 1459 also reduced in cats the cough induced by the electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve. In anesthetized dogs whose respiratory functions had been depressed by morphine, F 1459 significantly increased the volume inspired per minute, an effect not due to any uncoupling effect on oxidative phosphorylation. F 1459 has local anesthetic and broncholytic properties that may play a role in the mechanism of its antitussive action. Contrarily to codeine, the test compound did not induce a decrease in the intestinal transit. PMID- 6684931 TI - Effect of theophylline administration on ketone bodies level in rat plasma and brain. AB - Administration of theophylline (100 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) produces increases in 3 hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate levels in plasma and brain of rats. PMID- 6684932 TI - Pharmacokinetic model of diltiazem. AB - The pharmacokinetic profile of D-3-acetoxy-cis-2,3-dihydro-5-(2-dimethylamino ethyl)-2-(p-methoxy-phenyl)-1, 5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one hydrochloride (diltiazem . HCl) following i.v. and p.o. administration has been studied in six healthy subjects using a new sensitive GLC method. The volunteers received an i.v. infusion of 20 mg in 20 min, a peroral solution of 120 mg and two 60-mg tablets (Dilzem) in a randomized sequence. The plasma level time courses of the unchanged compound following infusion and peroral solution were simultaneously evaluated by nonlinear regression analysis. The best model was chosen by means of statistical criteria. In all subjects the experimental data could be adequately described by an open three-compartment model with zero order input following infusion and first order absorption following p.o. solution. Using this procedure the following common disposition parameters were obtained for both routes of administration: t1/2 alpha = 0.1 h, t1/2 beta = 2.1 h, t1/2 gamma = 9.8 h (harmonic means derived from individualized fits), Vc = 0.9 +/- 0.4 l/kg, Vss = 5.2 +/- 2.4 l/kg, Cltot = 11.5 +/- 1.8 ml/min/kg. Compared to the beta-phase the terminal gamma phase represents a smaller contribution to the total AUC. The blood/plasma distribution ratio was found to be 1.00 +/- 0.08 (N = 4), the mean hepatic extraction ratio was 0.54. Peak levels appeared 0.6 +/- 0.3 h after the p.o. solution. The mean absolute bioavailability of diltazem based on the individual AUC infinity 0 of the p.o. solution and the infusion was 0.44 +/- 0.10. Following tablet administration, delayed maximum levels were found after 2.8 +/- 0.9 h. Comparing the AUC infinity 0 of tablets and p.o. solution, there was no significant difference between both dosage forms. PMID- 6684930 TI - On the sites of antitussive action of dl-glaucine phosphate. AB - The sites of antitussive action of dl-1,2,9,10-tetramethoxy-6a,alpha-aporphine phosphate (dl-glaucine phosphate, DL-832) were studied. It was assumed from the following results that DL-832 acts on the cough center per se. a) When DL-832 was given by the routes leading to the brain stem such as the vertebral artery and the cerebello-medullary cistern, far smaller doses were sufficient to obtain the same effect as that by i.v. administration. b) DL-832 showed neither effect on the afferent pathway for cough reflex nor influence on pulmonary stretch receptors. c) It exhibited practically no influence on the efferent pathways for cough reflex, that is, that for innervating respiratory muscle movement as well as that for controlling bronchial muscle tone. d) Decerebration exerted no influence on the antitussive effect. e) DL-832 definitely depressed the potentials of both the recurrent and internal intercostal nerves evoked by the superior laryngeal nerve stimulation. f) In deafferentated and decerebrate cats, DL-832 rather increased the spontaneous discharges of the phrenic nerve, whereas codeine decreased them. PMID- 6684933 TI - Oral absorption and disposition of isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide mononitrates in man. AB - The plasma concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and its two pharmacologically active metabolites isosorbide 2-mononitrate (IS-2-MN) and isosorbide 5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) were determined after oral administration of 20 mg ISDN and 20 mg of each of the mononitrates. The mean concentration-time curve of ISDN showed a peak of 51.6 ng/ml 15 min after drug intake, and declined bi-exponentially with a terminal half-life of 36.5 min. The mean concentrations of the simultaneously measured metabolic products IS-2-MN and IS-5-MN reached a maximum of 40.5 ng/ml and 144.4 ng/ml, respectively. In contrast, after the direct ingestion of isosorbide mononitrates, peaks of 409.1 ng/ml (IS-2-MN) and 483.2 ng/ml (IS-5-MN) were observed in the corresponding mean curves. Mean half lives of 1.72 h for IS-2-MN and 4.20 h for IS-5-MN were calculated. The mean apparent volumes of distribution were 44.5 l (IS-2-MN) and 34.4 l (IS-5-MN), suggesting that the isosorbide mononitrates are distributed throughout the whole body fluid. After ISDN administration, it was estimated that 3.0 mg IS-2-MN and 7.8 mg IS-5-MN reached the systemic circulation. This corresponds to 63% of the ISDN dose being converted to isosorbide mononitrates by metabolic processes. PMID- 6684934 TI - Relationship between saliva levels of metamizol metabolites, bioavailability and analgesic efficacy. AB - Salivary levels of the metabolites of metamizol (N-methyl-, N-acetyl- and 4 aminoantipyrine) were determined after the intake of film-coated metamizol (Novalgin) tablets and metamizol (Novalgin) solution. Cortical evoked potentials, pain ratings and thresholds of sensation were monitored following tooth pulp stimulation after administration of metamizol tablets. Within the different groups of subjects a remarkable degree of reproducibility was obtained for the metabolite concentrations in saliva. At 20 min after drug intake a more rapid absorption was demonstrable for the solution in comparison to the tablets. The metabolite levels were correlated to the simultaneously recorded pain response demonstrating that the analgesic efficacy can only be attributed to the two metabolites N-methyl- and -4-amino-antipyrine. PMID- 6684935 TI - [Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of bemetizid in comparison with hydrochlorothiazide. A controlled human pharmacologic study of acute effects]. AB - Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Bemetizide Compared with Hydrochlorothiazide/Controlled clinical study of acute effects Bemetizide in doses of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 mg versus 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide were examined in a placebo-controlled randomized single-dose study under standardized conditions in normal male volunteers. The diuretic effects of bemetizide and hydrochlorothiazide were qualitatively equal, though after higher doses bemetizide showed greater maximal, statistically significant effects on the excretion of sodium, chloride and urine volume (relative efficacy). A trend to increased elimination of potassium was detectable. Diuresis of calcium and magnesium and pH of urine were unchanged. The effects of the reference dosis of hydrochlorothiazide were constantly lower than those of higher doses of bemetizide conferring to the 24-h aliquot and the fractioned samples. The action of both substances began within 1 to 2 h after oral application exceeding 24 h. Kinetics of effects and pharmacokinetics were closely correlated. The evidence of dose-dependent kinetics for bemetizide supports the assumption, that it is absorbed incompletely in higher doses. Because of the lack of a parenteral preparation it is not possible to provide reliable information on the maximal potency of bemetizide. PMID- 6684936 TI - [Use of neomycin-bacitracin irrigating solution with intraoperative autotransfusions during orthopedic operations]. AB - Although there is doubt about the importance of rinsing the operative field with a solution containing locally acting antibiotics, it is frequently done. In this paper we tried to answer the question, wether intraoperative autotransfusion (IAT) with the Haemonetics Cell Saver is contraindicated during rinsing the operative area with locally acting antibiotics or vice versa. The measured serum concentrations for neomycin and bacitracin (Nebacetin) were extremely low. Therefore IAT is recommended with a system separating and washing the autologous red blood cells even under circumstances of rinsing the operative field with a solution containing locally acting antibiotics. PMID- 6684937 TI - [Toxoplasmosis. A public health problem. Advances and perspectives]. PMID- 6684938 TI - [Prenatal factors and congenital defects in 7,791 consecutive births]. PMID- 6684939 TI - [Rooming-in: in-hospital mother-child relation in the puerperium]. PMID- 6684940 TI - [Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis]. PMID- 6684941 TI - [Botulism caused by preserved mushrooms]. AB - We describe two cases of botulism caused by home-prepared under olive oil mushrooms. We stress the importance of an accurate anamnestic study and of the recovery of the toxic material for the diagnosis and therapy. The serological test on patient's blood, the isolation and the identification of botulinic toxin give the possibility to confer a specific character to the serotherapy The prevention of these toxic infections require a wide education on the preparation and storage of foods. PMID- 6684942 TI - [Serum content of vitamin A binding proteins (prealbumin and retinol binding proteins) in normal and pathological conditions]. AB - Blood PA and RBP content were estimated in 100 normal subjects (50 men and 50 women). Mean values of 28.2 and 3.75 mg/dl were ascertained for PA and RBP, respectively. The molar ratio RBP/PA was calculated as 0.31 +/- 0.05. Serum concentrations of PA and RBP are seen to be sex-dependent (20% higher in males). Hyperthyroid subjects exhibit a decrease in the two vitamin A-binding proteins whereas no modification could be revealed for hypothyroid states. In patients on maintenance hemodialysis mean serum PA and RBP concentrations were remarkably higher than normal, whereas liver cirrhotic subjects showed a highly significant depression of mean serum RBP and PA values. PMID- 6684943 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test in major and minor depressive disorders. AB - The validity of the dexamethasone ofe suppression test was evaluated for the differential diagnosis of major and minor depressive disorders. Thirty-eight out patients (14 major depressed, 14 minor depressed and 10 normal controls) were studied. The Research Diagnostic Criteria of Spitzer et al. (1978) were used to classify these patients. Six out of the 14 major depressed patients had an abnormally high plasma cortisol at 4 p.m. and at 11.00 p.m. after midnight 2 mg dexamethasone. None of the 14 minor depressed patients and none of the 10 controls had an abnormal response to dexamethasone. Based on these results, the dexamethasone suppression test has a sensitivity of 43%, a specificity of 100% and a high predictive value. PMID- 6684944 TI - [Effects of prolonged administration of morphine on the estrus cycle of the rat]. AB - Ten female rats, of the age of three months, were treated for 24 days with increasing doses (10 mg/kg daily in the first week, 20 mg/kg in the second week, 30 mg/kg in the third week and 40 mg/kg in the last three days of treatment) of morphine acetate injected intra peritoneum, in order to cause a chronic intoxication (13). Five rats were utilized as controls. In all cases the vaginal smears was daily examined in order to evaluate the possible changes induced by the drug administration. The results obtained show that morphine produces important alterations in the estrous cycle of all the treated animals. In fact from the second day of treatment all animals had the cycle blocked in metaestrous. Afterwords a great variability occurred with a complete lack of estrous for the whole experimental period in five rats and very irregular succession and length of the phases into other ones. After the interruption of the treatment a resumption of the normal cycle was observed. PMID- 6684945 TI - [The rate of linear deposition of bone tissue in the bone spongiosum of lactating rats on a low calcium diet]. AB - In the epiphysis and metaphysis of lactating rats, submitted to a Ca++ depletion for 10 and 30 days and a Ca++ repletion diet for 10 days, the density of spongiosa framework and the bone tissue linear accretion rate were compared with those of control rats. The distal metaphyses of femora of the rats fed a calcium free diet for 10 and 30 days lose 50% and 90% of the trabecular framework respectively, while the epiphysis of the same bone lose only 45% and 56%. The linear accretion rate in these regions increases by 7.9 and 24.7% in the epiphysis and by 11.3% and 75.6% in the metaphysis of rats fed a calcium-free diet for 10 and 30 days respectively. Our data indicate that the bone tissue linear accretion rate changes not only between the corresponding regions of control and experimental rats but, in the latter, also in different regions of the same bone. Moreover, the higher the bone loss is, the higher bone accretion rate will be. The correlation between the bone tissue linear accretion rate and the bone loss indicates that the same local factor - probably mechanical - controls the activity and distribution of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. PMID- 6684946 TI - [CSF dynamics following shunt operation, with special reference to the diurnal changes of CSF circulation]. AB - The purpose of this study is to study the pathophysiology of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation and circulation after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation. With the CSF flowmeter we developed, the CSF flow rate in the shunt tube has been measured non-traumatically over a 24-hour period in six patients. These include both communicating and noncommunicating hydrocephalus patients with ages ranging from 20 to 70. There were three cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysm, one cerebral contusion, one hypertensive brain stem hemorrhage and one occlusion of the aqueduct sylvius. Intraventricular pressure was continuously recorded for 24 hours prior to the shunt operation in each case, and the pressure changes were compared with the measured CSF flow rates in the shunt tube. The flow rate fluctuated between 0.05 ml/min and 1.2 ml/min with the supine position and high flow rates were detected in the early morning. Each case showed its own rhythm of CSF flow fluctuation during a 24-hour period, and the changes were compatible with the intraventricular pressure. It is suggested that there may be a relationship between these changes and an increased cerebral blood volume during the REM sleep stage. PMID- 6684947 TI - Investigation of diurnal changes in the disposition of theophylline. AB - The mechanism of observed temporal variations in plasma theophylline concentrations has been investigated. Eight healthy volunteers were given both oral and intravenous doses of theophylline (5 mg/kg) at 09.00 h and 21.00 h under controlled conditions. Regular plasma concentration measurements were made following each dose in order to determine the diurnal and nocturnal disposition of the drug. Plasma theophylline concentrations at 0.5 h following each oral dose were 6.9 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml, a.m., and 3.9 +/- 0.6 microgram/ml, p.m. (P less than 0.05). Time to peak concentration was 1.69 +/- 0.28 h, a.m.; 2.13 +/- 0.23 h, p.m. (P less than 0.05). Values for ka were not significantly different, however. Overall bioavailability, volume of distribution and systemic clearances, calculated for the 12 h period after each dose, did not differ significantly between day and night. Diurnal variations in theophylline disposition do not appear to be the result of changes in metabolism or excretion, but may reflect minor differences in absorption. PMID- 6684949 TI - Urethral pressure measurement by microtransducer: the results in symptom-free women and in those with genuine stress incontinence. AB - Urethral pressure measurements were recorded at rest and during stress by a microtransducer technique in 20 women without urinary symptoms and 120 women with urodynamically proven genuine stress incontinence. In the symptom-free women the resting profile values were largely maintained during stress, as a consequence of 100% transmission of intra-abdominal pressure rises to the proximal three quarters of the functional urethral length. Whilst the majority maintained continence at the bladder neck level, 25% of these controls showed evidence of bladder neck opening during stress. The stress-incontinent patients showed a deficiency of pressure transmission ratios which appeared to have an 'all or none' character in the determination of symptoms. The amplitude and stability of the maximum urethral closure pressure at rest, the extent of urethral closure pressure lost in response to stress, and the extent of intrabdominal pressure rises interact to determine the severity of symptoms or 'margin to continence'. PMID- 6684948 TI - Aminoglutethimide induced hormone suppression and response to therapy in advanced postmenopausal breast cancer. AB - Eighty-one postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were studied for the effects of treatment with aminoglutethimide (AG) plus hydrocortisone on peripheral hormones and response to therapy. There were 40 responders (R) and 41 non-responders (NR) at 3 months from the start of treatment. Plasma oestrone concentrations were higher in non-responders at 1 and 2 months after starting AG (Means: NR 106 +/- 50, R 84 +/- 26 pmol l-1, P less than 0.05; highest value NR 121 +/- 51, R 99 +/- 24 pmol l-1, P less than 0.05). High oestrone levels were correlated with bulky liver secondaries, but not with age, tumour-free interval, time from last menstrual period, time from relapse to start of AG or body weight. Non-responders had higher mean prolactin levels on treatment (prolactin less than 500 mIUl-1 in 14/40 NR, 2/35 R, P less than 0.01). High oestrone or prolactin levels were present in 28/41 NR and 6/40 R (P less than 0.001). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate suppression did not differ between R and NR. The differences in peripheral endocrine environment in non-responding patients suggest that oestrogen metabolism may differ in non-responding patients and that sub-groups could be selected for rational endocrine therapy. PMID- 6684950 TI - A clinical and urodynamic assessment of the Burch colposuspension for genuine stress incontinence. AB - Twenty-five women having a Burch colposuspension operation were assessed before and after the operation by urodynamic investigations including urethral pressure measurements at rest and on stress. After 3 months, the objective cure rate was 88%. An increase in voiding difficulty and urodynamic evidence of outflow obstruction was seen after the operation. The operation does not induce any significant change in resting urethral profile variables. The stress profile showed accentuation in pressure transmission ratios, most marked in the proximal urethra. These changes are likely to be mechanical in origin and may be responsible for voiding difficulties in those women who initiate voiding by straining. PMID- 6684951 TI - The gauze hammock sling operation in the treatment of stress incontinence. AB - Moir's gauze hammock sling operation for stress incontinence is described with minor modifications, and a series of 105 consecutive patients with independent follow up from 6 months to 9 years is presented. Patients were selected for operation on clinical grounds, urodynamic investigations only becoming available at the end of the series. In 48 patients the operation was a primary procedure. The outcome was determined by clinical review in 93 patients and by case note review in a further 10 with only two patients being lost to follow up. Of the 103 patients assessed, 62 were continent, 26 improved and there were 15 failures. There were two vesico-vaginal fistulas. The results compare favourably with other suprapubic operations for stress incontinence. PMID- 6684952 TI - Purification and properties of a plasminogen activator from cultured rat prostate adenocarcinoma cells. AB - Zymographic analysis of the supernates from confluent cultures of a rat prostate adenocarcinoma cell line, PA-III, revealed the existence of two molecular forms of specific plasminogen activators, one of molecular weight of approximately 80 000 and another of approximate molecular weight of 45 000, in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The low molecular weight form has been purified 364-fold in 66% yield from the culture medium by a combination of gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B-benzamidine. The purified material possessed a specific activity of 192 000 urokinase CTA units mg-1. This enzyme displayed activity toward human Glu1-plasminogen, characterized by a Km of 1.7 +/ 0.2 microM and a Vmax of 0.53 +/- 0.1 pmol of plasmin min-1 unit-1. A synthetic chromogenic substrate, H-D-Ile-Pro-Arg-p-nitroanilide (S-2288), was found for the activator. The enzyme possessed a Km of 0.33 mM and a kcat of 55 s-1 for S-2288. The activator was found to be a serine protease, inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate (iPr2PF). At a concentration of 1 mM iPr2PF, and 30 nM enzyme, the half-time of this inhibition was 3.8 min. The 45 000 molecular weight enzyme was found to be inhibited by rabbit antibodies to human urokinase, thus characterizing the activator as a member of the urokinase class. The 80 000 molecular weight enzyme was not neutralized by anti-human urokinase but was neutralized by rabbit anti-human melanoma activator, likely allowing it to be classified as the tissue activator type. PMID- 6684954 TI - Passive fluxes of K+ and H+ in wild strain and nystatin-resistant mutant of Rhodotorula gracilis (ATCC 26194). AB - The passive fluxes of protons and potassium ions have been studied in the obligatory aerobic yeast Rhodotorula gracilis. The cellular energy metabolism was suspended by introducing anaerobic conditions. The H+-permeability of the plasma membrane was modified by adding an uncoupler under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Unfortunately, the plasma membrane of R. gracilis was insensitive to K+-ionophores. The passive flows of H+ and K+ under anaerobic and/or uncoupled conditions were electrically coupled and exhibited a constant stoicheiometry of 1:1. The H+ permeability of the plasmalemma was shown to determine the velocity of the passive K+-H+ exchange. The nystatin-resistant mutant M 67 displayed distinctly lower permeability for both H+ and K+, which can explain the observed differences in some transport characteristics of the two strains. In order to account for the properties of passive K+ flows, a membrane-potential-gated channel for K+ has been proposed. Evidence is presented that the inhibitor of the plasmalemma-bound H+-ATPase, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), reduced at first the permeability for both K+ and H+ and only upon prolonged incubation the ATPase itself. Since DCCD effected an immediate hyperpolarization of the membrane potential, it has been concluded that the H+ does not slip through the H+-ATPase under deenergized conditions. PMID- 6684953 TI - Magnetic-field-induced orientation and bending of the myelin figures of phosphatidylcholine. AB - In a magnetic field of up to 7 kG, myelin figures of the egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine/water system were oriented because of the diamagnetic anisotropy of the molecules through bending at the roots with the long axes parallel to the field. The time interval for an angular change of their axes was nearly in proportion to H-2. From the orientational behaviour, a curvature elastic modulus K of lipid-bilayer could be roughly evaluated as 4 X 10(-13) erg. PMID- 6684955 TI - Membrane potential and cation permeability. A study with a nystatin-resistant mutant of Rhodotorula gracilis (Rhodosporidium toruloides). AB - Cells of a nystatin-resistant mutant of the obligatory aerobic yeast Rhodotorula gracilis displayed an electrical potential difference, delta psi, across the plasma membrane which was, in contrast to the wild-strain cells, virtually independent of the pH of cell suspensions down to 4.5. In addition, the delta psi in mutant cells was insensitive to extracellular K+ concentrations. The mutant cells failed to cotransport measurable amounts of H+ by the onset of monosaccharide transport and to take up K+ in exchange for H+. Taking into account the lower passive permeability of the mutant plasma membrane for cations, it has been concluded that the pH dependency of delta psi in wild-strain cells is correlated with the electrogenic leak of H+ back into the cells in course of increasing delta pH across the plasma membrane. PMID- 6684956 TI - X-ray structure analysis of thin filaments of a molluscan smooth muscle in the living relaxed state. AB - In the small-angle x-ray diffraction pattern of the living relaxed anterior byssus retractor muscle of Mytilus edulis, the thin filaments showed the following features. The 59.8-A reflection was much stronger and a little farther from the meridian than the 51.9-A reflection, although they are both contributions of the first-order Bessel function and are comparable with each other in the height from the equator. The 381-A reflection, given by the second order Bessel function, was weaker than the 59.8-A reflection by more than the difference between the peak values of the first- and second-order Bessel functions, and was not so distant radially from the latter as estimated from the amount of peak shift brought about by the alteration of the Bessel order. A model of the thin filament was made on the basis of inverse Fourier transformation of the scattering amplitude, and the above features were explained by the characteristic shape of actin shown in this model. The actin subunits are elongated along the genetic left-hand helix with a pitch of 59.8 A, and are bonded together along the genetic helix in the inner part of the filament. PMID- 6684957 TI - Cell lines from xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A lack a single stranded-DNA-binding activity. AB - Human fibroblasts and HeLa cells contain two major DNA-binding activities for superhelical DNA, which can be separated by phosphocellulose chromatography. The DNA-binding activity which elutes first from the column coelutes with and is probably identical to a single-stranded-DNA-binding activity. The second activity has been characterized previously. It binds preferentially to super-helical DNA containing DNA damage, but does not bind to single-stranded DNA. Five cell lines derived from patients with the repair-deficiency syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) were analyzed for the presence of these binding activities. Four of the cell lines were from the A-complementation group and one was from the D complementation group of XP. The binding activity with preference for damaged DNA was present in all cell lines. The single-stranded-DNA-binding activity was present in the XP-D cell line but was absent or reduced in all of the four XP-A cell lines tested. PMID- 6684958 TI - [Monoamine oxidase activity in autonomic ganglia of rabbits with differing resistance of cardiovascular functions to emotional stress]. AB - The Glenner method was used to study monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the neurons of superior cervical, stellatum and nodosum ganglia of rabbits with different resistance of cardiovascular functions to emotional stress. Acute experimental emotional stress was induced by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus and skin in immobilized adult male Chinchilla rabbits. MAO activity was found to be changed in the neurons of sympathetic ganglia (cervical and stellatum) under acute experimental emotional stress. In stress-resistant rabbits, MAO activity increased, while in stress-predisposed animals, it declined. MAO activity in the nodose ganglion of the vagus nerve remained unchanged under acute experimental emotional stress. PMID- 6684959 TI - [Effect of an emotionally painful stress on the resistance of the portal vein contractile function to changes in calcium concentration and the effect of anoxia]. AB - The effect of acute anoxia and different concentrations of calcium in the washing solution on spontaneous contractility of isolated portal vein was studied in control and stress-exposed rats. Emotional painful stress resulted in a decrease of vascular smooth muscle resistance to anoxia and in an increase of its sensitivity to the changes of calcium concentrations in the environment. These changes are assumed to be the result of the stress-induced disturbance of energy supply to the myofibrillar contractile apparatus and of the damaged membranous mechanisms of calcium transport. PMID- 6684960 TI - [Effect of pregnancy on the state of the hemostatic system in intact and thymectomized rats]. AB - Thymectomized rats developed hypercoagulation and inhibition of fibrinolysis. At the same time such animals showed a tendency towards a higher aggregation of platelets and enhanced antiaggregation activity of the vascular wall. Pregnant rats, both intact and thymectomized, exhibited hypocoagulation and inhibition of fibrinolysis. It is believed that the lack of differences in the hemostasis might be accounted for by activation of secretory function of the thymus in fetuses of pregnant thymectomized rats. PMID- 6684961 TI - Erythropoietin production by a human testicular germ cell line. AB - An established human testis germ cell line (1411-H) was found to produce significant amounts of erythropoietin (Ep), the primary regulator of erythropoiesis. Media conditioned by the 1411-H cells stimulated erythropoiesis both in vivo and in vitro. This activity was neutralized by anti-Ep. This continuous cell line provides a unique model for the study of the mechanisms of control of Ep biogenesis. PMID- 6684962 TI - Identical triplets with infantile autism and the fragile-X syndrome. AB - In a continuing twin study of autism in Scandinavia and Finland, moderately mentally retarded triplets fulfilling Rutter's criteria for infantile autism were reported. Judging by physical appearance the triplets were identical. Behaviourally they were extremely similar though one was intellectually slightly better than the other two. All three showed the physical stigmata characteristic of the fragile-X syndrome, in spite of their overall appearance being non conspicuous. The triplets had between 8 and 12 per cent of fragile-X positive cells and showed a distinct pattern of urinary excretion of substances yielding absorbency at 280 nM. Their mother and sister also had a high count of fragile-X positive cells. PMID- 6684963 TI - Identical triplets with Asperger's syndrome. AB - The case histories are presented of three 17 year old identical male triplets with Asperger's syndrome. They show the impairments affecting social interaction, non-verbal communication and imagination, the motor clumsiness, and the circumscribed interests characteristic of that condition. They also have some features in their history and present behaviour more typical of childhood autism. Despite marked overall similarities, the three differ in the severity with which their problems are manifested. A relationship can be found between the amount of peri- and post-natal trauma, degree of intellectual impairment and number of autistic features. The findings support the hypothesis that autism and Asperger's syndrome are on the same continuum of pathology. PMID- 6684964 TI - Mammary duct ectasia. AB - A total of 108 patients with mammary duct ectasia have been reviewed. Patients who presented with breast pain or a lump were significantly younger than those with nipple retraction. A histological review of the 88 patients who underwent biopsy showed severe periductal inflammation around non-dilated ducts occurred in younger patients and was associated with the symptom of breast pain or a lump, whereas older patients had duct dilatation as the most prominent feature, frequently associated with nipple retraction. These findings suggest periductal mastitis precedes duct dilatation and is the initial disorder in this condition. Data on parity and breast feeding for the 108 patients with duct ectasia were compared with age-matched groups of 505 patients with breast cancer, 199 with fibroadenoma, 240 with cysts and 912 'normals'. There were no differences in parity or breast-feeding history between the patients with duct ectasia and any other group, indicating that neither parity nor breast feeding is an important aetiological factor in this condition. PMID- 6684965 TI - Penetration rate of chilled and frozen sperms from Jersey bulls and levels of certain electrolytes in the oestrous mucus of cows. PMID- 6684966 TI - A behavioral and 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic study of the effects of cumulative morphine dose on naloxone precipitated withdrawal in the rat. PMID- 6684968 TI - Family perceptions of abused children and their siblings. AB - This study compared the family perceptions of twenty abused children and their nonabused siblings with each other and with a matched group of twenty nonabused control children and their siblings. In semi-structured interviews conducted by the investigator, each child was asked to describe his or her mother, father and sibling. Verbatim transcripts were then subjected to content analysis. The results of the study indicated a statistically significant difference between the abused children and the control children. The abused children tended to perceive family members less positively and more negatively than did the control children. No such differences were found between abused children and their siblings. Statistically significant differences were also found between the siblings of the abused children and the siblings of the control children. Siblings from abusing families tended to perceive family members less positively than did siblings from control families. PMID- 6684967 TI - Chronic electroconvulsive treatment enhances the density of [3H]prazosin binding sites in the central nervous system of the rat. AB - Chronic electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) given daily for 10 days enhanced the density of [3H]prazosin binding sites in the membranes from the spinal cord and cerebral cortex of the rat 24 h after the last shock. Similar effect (investigated only in cortical membranes) was produced by spaced ECT (5 shocks at 72 h intervals). The effect was preceded by a decrease in the density of [3H]prazosin binding sites, observed 2 h after the last shock and disappeared within 48 h. PMID- 6684969 TI - Institutional care of infants in Sweden: criteria for admission in 1970, 1975 and 1980. AB - The purpose of the present study was to analyze the criteria used for admission of infants to institutional care in the metropolitan area of Stockholm in 1970, 1975 and 1980. The study included 337 infants. Their records from the institutional care have been studied. A significant decrease was observed from 1970 to 1980 on the following grounds for admission: teen-age mother, adoption, unsatisfactory housing situation, hospitalization of the mother. The following criteria for admission showed a significant increase: maternal alcohol and/or drug abuse as well as psychiatric disorders. It is concluded that there has been a dramatic change in the criteria used for admission of infants to institutional care from 1970 to 1980. Voluntary admissions of infants for maternal health reasons or social problems of a temporary nature have apparently been supplanted by non-voluntary admissions owing to maternal addiction and psychiatric insufficiency. PMID- 6684970 TI - Santosky v. Kramer: an unfortunate misunderstanding. PMID- 6684971 TI - Anti-slavery society for the protection of human rights: child labour programme. PMID- 6684972 TI - Multiple personality disorder as perpetrator of child abuse. AB - An eighteen-month-old Alaskan girl suffered transient coma with multiple superficial contusions when injured by her multiple personality disturbed caretaker. The relative disinterest in multiple personality disorder as a psychiatric diagnosis among American trained practitioners is reflected in the great difficulty encountered by child protection workers while seeking psychotherapy for this disturbed family. The public health nurse, pediatrician, and social workers of the child protection team were unsuccessful in attempting to secure psychiatric therapy for this child batterer. Multiple factors, other than psychiatric community disinterest in multiple personality disorders, influenced these unsuccessful attempts. Legal process delays, strongly punitive community attitudes, tired and nearly "burned out" child protection workers, and conflicting psychological and psychiatric consultant opinions are described. A brief review of multiple personality disorder traits is given with emphasis on the common childhood exposure to abuse and violence among reported multiple personality subjects. Despite the obvious hope by the eighteen-month-old child's parents for effective help to reconstitute her family, the multiple factors described show institutional neglect and abuse which has made such recovery impossible to date. A plea is made to all persons involved with child abuse and neglect to more accurately diagnose and treat multiple personality disorders in abusive parents. PMID- 6684973 TI - Identifying determinants of risk of sexual victimization of youth: a multivariate approach. AB - The present study argues that a greater understanding of the factors which contribute to a youth's sexual victimization is likely to not only be based on what we know about the youths who are victimized but also on comparative information on youths who are not. Selected social background variables from a sample of young victims (n = 20) and nonvictims (n = 21) representing a population of youths with histories of antisocial behavior were compared. Using stepwise discriminant analysis several factors relating to youths' home environment significantly discriminated victims from nonvictims. The results suggest that the probability of being sexually victimized is increased when the home environment is unstable and lacks adequate control over youths' activities. The need for improved research methodologies to achieve better identification of determinants of risk is discussed. Multivariate assessment of social, situational, and personal factors of victims and nonvictims is recommended as a potentially promising approach for improving current rape prevention efforts. PMID- 6684974 TI - Training day care program personnel in handling child abuse cases: intervention and prevention outcomes. AB - Attempts have been made to provide day care services as part of a treatment plan and these services are also used as a preventive strategy. Day Care programs have the potential for providing growth experiences, supportive adult role models, and modeling parental skills in an atmosphere of understanding, respect and trust. There is a need, however, for day care professionals and paraprofessionals who come into contact with children to recognize problems of child abuse and neglect and to develop skills to deal with the range of inherent problems. A report on a training program for day care workers is presented in this article. A survey involving 84 day care programs in southeastern Pennsylvania was conducted and comparisons of intervention and prevention activities of two groups: those programs whose staff participated in the training and those whose staff did not, were made. Assessment of intervention activities shows that there is no difference between the groups. However, analysis of prevention activities shows that day care workers in the trained group were significantly more involved in prevention and high risk referral. PMID- 6684975 TI - Predicting the abusive parent's response to intervention. AB - Data from Child Protective Services case files was used to establish a Responsiveness Index, measuring the extent to which, in the worker's opinion, an abusive individual had responded positively to various common interventions. Factors likely to predict parental responsiveness then were tested. Variables with predictive significance were: the number of abused children in the family, the number of birth and bonding problems, and the number of previous contacts with other service agencies by various family members. Other variables which are ordinarily assumed to forecast a favorable outcome did not approach significance. PMID- 6684976 TI - Covert and overt forms of maltreatment in the preschools. AB - This paper examines the preschool environment, finding within it forms and patterns of maltreatment. The preschool is defined as an educational facility for children 2 1/2 to 5 years. Described are the major models of preschools, public and private, conservatively estimated at 50,000 in the United States. The study is based on data from observations by the author of 60-70 preschools in the New York City metropolitan area, 1976-1981. This five-year period witnessed a substantial increase in the preschool movement. Explored are factors related to this increase, one significant factor being the idea that early childhood education can never be too early. Demand for early academic competence in young children when combined with longer time periods spent in preschools creates difficulties for children. Societal pressure upon preschool teachers to produce cognitively and emotionally competent young children while assuring their health and safety needs leads to outcomes which are cause for concern. Covert forms of maltreatment lie predominantly in staff (directors, teachers, assistants) attitudes toward young children. These include: insistence that children learn to be independent while reinforcing dependent behavior; overemphasis on the acquisition of academic skills, irrespective of age; excessive reliance on packaged "educational" materials; non-use of materials that have intrinsic interest for children; lack of enthusiasm for working with young children; rigid adherence to routine for convenience; dislike of particular children. Overt forms of maltreatment to gain compliance or obedience from young children range from direct verbal attack (insult, sarcasm, ridicule, threats, name calling, humiliation) through emotional abuse (withholding of affection or compassion) to clear physical coercion (pulling, pushing, shoving, yanking, expulsion from class, isolation in class). Such patterns are not limited to a particular model but can occur in each preschool category. Their significance suggests that caring for and educating young children in group settings may not be the panacea society wants it to be. Special preparation for early childhood educators with well supervised internships is certainly a forward step, among many others, which are cooperatively needed at this juncture to improve the preschool environment for all children. PMID- 6684977 TI - Building up a new service for the abused child. AB - In the Israeli context, the foundation of the Israeli Association for Child Protection was essential for promoting the cause of the abused child. This voluntary organization's aims are to provide direct treatment, to serve as a source of professional help to existing services and to act as a pressure group. However, the organization confronts difficulties stemming from the absence of legal status: it lacks legal authority to impose treatment, to bring the parent to court or to remove a child from home. In order to fulfill its functions, the voluntary organization must use power residing outside it. Another kind of difficulty was the need to maintain cooperation, though the very existence of the voluntary organization is often regarded as a threat to other services. Some of the solutions mentioned were the use of personal contacts, the presentation of the organization as a resource and the maintaining of high professional standards. The reactions of existing services to the new organization were: using it in order to avoid responsibility, constructive use of its resources and competition. The paper ends discussing the question whether one and the same organization can fulfill at the same time the functions of direct treatment, help to existing services and pressure group. They are apt to jeopardize each other, but by careful manipulation, they can be made to promote positive values. PMID- 6684978 TI - An empirical analysis of behavioral and emotional problems of foster children as related to re-placement in care. AB - Foster care is seen as a temporary service. However, for many children, foster care involves years of long term care. Most professionals feel that if a child must remain in care, the number of foster homes or re-placements the child experiences should be minimized. Evidence suggests that this lack of stability has a detrimental effect on the child's psychosocial development. Even though the research evidence supports the negative impact of re-placement on the foster child, little empirical research has dealt with identification of factors associated with children likely to be re-placed. This article focuses on foster children with behavioral and emotional problems and analyzes the association of these problems with placement stability and continuity. The findings report that children with behavioral and emotional problems are replaced in foster care more often than those children without similar problems. PMID- 6684980 TI - The management of child abuse and neglect cases in schools: the Toronto model. AB - School staffs have a major role in the prevention, identification and referral of cases of child abuse and neglect. School administrators, teachers and school support staffs require knowledge about abuse and neglect, as well as a clear set of guidelines and procedures for dealing with it if they are to carry out these responsibilities effectively. The Toronto Board of Education has developed a program that has involved superintendents, principals, teachers, pupil personnel staff, caretakers, secretaries and community resources in an educational program oriented to the management of child abuse cases in their schools. The Board's Child Abuse Committee has developed a document which outlines employees' responsibilities under the legislation, provides assistance in the identification of child abuse and neglect cases, and outlines procedures for referral both internally and to the community. The document was used as the base for an extensive staff development program during the school year 1979-80, in which all of the system's 6,000 school based employees participated. The Toronto Board's Child Abuse Program incorporated the establishment of the position "Resource Person, Child Abuse" for the purpose of consultation with school staffs, as well as the ongoing provision of resource material and staff training. The paper outlines the development of the program, includes guidelines and procedures for school staffs, the legislation under which it operates, the content of the training program, and an evaluation of the program with suggestions for replication. PMID- 6684979 TI - Adoptions: follow-up from an orphanage in Bombay. AB - The practice of adoption, though long accepted as a social phenomenon, is only recently gaining popularity in India. Due to the paucity of adequate follow-ups, evaluation of these adopted children is incomplete. For the purpose of studying the well-being of these children after adoption, they were followed-up at the various places, i.e., orphanages, institutions, juvenile courts and adoption agencies, responsible for their care. One hundred sixty children, 63 boys and 97 girls, adopted from an orphanage in the vicinity of our hospital over a period of 13 years are included in this study. There were 104 local and 56 foreign adoptions. Due to sociocultural background in Indian adoptions, males were preferred; whereas the international adoptions mostly depended on human considerations without any specific preference for the sex of the child. On follow-up, all children except three were reported to be physically healthy and well-adjusted emotionally in the new family, and well accepted by the society. Although adoption is not the only solution for an abandoned child, it may open some avenues for the betterment of socially deserted and deprived children. PMID- 6684981 TI - Community characteristics and ethnicity in the prediction of child maltreatment rates. AB - In this study of 246 Texas counties, the varying ability of certain community characteristics to predict rates of maltreatment was examined for different ethnic groups. The use of rates based on Central Registry data is based on the assumption that officially registered reports of abuse and neglect are a reasonably valid index of actual child maltreatment. The results provide support for socioeconomic and demographic factors investigated by previous ecological researchers. In general, the greater the proportions of single mothers and working mothers in a community, the greater its rate of maltreatment; the greater the proportion of families with annual incomes over $15,000, the lower the county maltreatment rate. Differential patterns were observed for various predictors for rates of abuse and neglect considered separately. Greater economic resources availability was significantly related to lower county rates of neglect, but not significantly related to abuse rates. Higher abuse rates were significantly associated with greater proportions of single mothers, while higher neglect rates were significantly associated with greater proportions of absent mothers due to employment. Smaller amounts of formal economic assistance to single-parent families (AFDC) significantly enhanced the prediction of counties at risk for higher rates of child abuse. Differential patterns of results were observed for Anglo, Black, and Mexican-American segments of county populations. Socioeconomic status of counties was a significant predictor of Anglo rates; greater urbanization was a significant predictor of increased rates of both Black and Mexican-American maltreatment. These results support the use of indicators of the availability of economic and social resources for identifying high-risk communities and planning preventive interventions for child maltreatment. PMID- 6684982 TI - Analysis of triacylglycerols by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography with direct liquid inlet mass spectrometry. AB - Natural triacylglycerols were resolved by high pressure liquid chromatography on Supelcosil LC-18 columns using a gradient of 30-90% propionitrile in acetonitrile as eluting solvent. The effluent was admitted to a quadrupole mass spectrometer via a direct liquid inlet interface. The mass spectra of the solutes were recorded in the chemical ionization mode. The triacylglycerol elution profile was obtained from the total ion current. Individual molecular species of the triacylglycerols were identified from the (MH)+ and the (MH--RCOOH)+ ions. The reversed-phase system allowed the separation of triacylglycerols on the basis of both carbon number and double-bond number, as well as of certain critical pairs of triplets of triacylglycerols with the same partition number. The method is applicable to the determination of triacylglycerol composition of both plant and animal fats. The minimum amount of sample which is required is about 50 ng in the scanning mode. However, 100 times more material must be injected in the liquid chromatograph because only 1/100th of the effluent is being injected into the mass spectrometer. PMID- 6684983 TI - Treatment of six cases of mesothelioma with doxorubicin and cisplatin. AB - Six patients with unresectable malignant mesothelioma were treated with chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin and cisplatin every 3 weeks. One patient with paratesticular mesothelioma metastatic to lungs entered complete remission for 8 months; his disease has relapsed but he is alive 32 months after initiation of chemotherapy. One patient with peritoneal mesothelioma achieved partial response for 12 months. Two patients with pleural mesothelioma achieved a partial response of 5- and 6-month durations, respectively. Two patients with pleural mesothelioma failed to respond to this regimen. Thus, four of six patients responded to doxorubicin-cisplatin chemotherapy. These preliminary results merit further study and confirmation; future investigations of cisplatin alone are necessary to better define the role of this agent in mesothelioma. PMID- 6684984 TI - Intracranial metastasis of choriocarcinoma. A clinicopathologic study. AB - In an attempt to improve the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial metastases of choriocarcinoma, the authors carried out a clinicopathologic investigation of 36 patients with choriocarcinoma metastasized in the brain. Analysis on the autopsy findings of 30 cases with documented intracranial metastases of choriocarcinoma proved neurosurgical resectability in most cases. After initiation of the clinical use of dactinomycin in 1965, 5 of 10 patients in the surgically treated group, and 1 of 17 in the group without surgery, survived for more than 6 months after development of neurologic symptoms. Intracranial metastases of choriocarcinoma should be treated as follows: (1) if symptoms of increased intracranial pressure progress to a life-threatening situation, removal of tumor or, at least, decompression should be immediately performed; (2) multidrug chemotherapy supplemented by whole-brain irradiation should be started within several days after surgery; and (3) if symptoms are not present, chemotherapy combined with irradiation is the first treatment of choice. PMID- 6684985 TI - Familial aggregation of neuroectodermal and gastrointestinal tumors. AB - A family with multiple tumors is presented. Four cases were childhood neoplasms derived from the neuroectoderm, as was a malignant melanoma in a young female and a branchiogenic cyst in her brother. He also had an early onset of an adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon. Four further cases of gastrointestinal tumors and one case of acute myelogenous leukemia had occurred in the family. One of the childhood tumors was a bilateral retinoblastoma. It is discussed as to whether the tumors in the studied family were due to a genetic factor resulting in a neuroectodermal embryopathy, or were caused by a retinoblastoma gene with a pleiotropic effect. PMID- 6684986 TI - Cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) in the treatment of advanced nonsquamous cell head and neck cancer. AB - Sixteen patients with regionally advanced or disseminated nosquamous cell (NSC) head and neck cancer received a monthly combination chemotherapy regimen of cyclophosphamide (C), adriamycin (A), and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (P), or P, as a single agent administered by either bolus or 24-hour infusion technique. Fifteen patients had received extensive prior surgery and/or radiation therapy. Three patients had prior chemotherapy. A response rate of 50% was achieved (8/16); there were 2 complete regressions and 6 partial regressions. The estimated median time to progression (TTP) for the entire group of 16 patients was 6.0 months and the estimated median survival was 14.0 months. Seven of 8 responders have progressed, with a median TTP of 10.7 months. Virtually all patients experienced alopecia as well as nausea and vomiting, which was more pronounced with the bolus administration of P. Myelosuppression was tolerable; there was no clinically significant renal impairment. PMID- 6684987 TI - Mallory-Weiss tear. A complication of cancer chemotherapy. AB - Since the original report by Mallory and Weiss of tears in the lower esophagus or cardia of the stomach following alcoholic debauch, there have been many other cases, associated with sundry other causes, described in the literature. Recently, a Mallory-Weiss tear was reported in a patient as a complication of cancer chemotherapy. This article describes two similar cases and suggests that the Mallory-Weiss syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis of any patient with epigastric pain, hematemesis, or melena after chemotherapy induced retching or vomiting. PMID- 6684989 TI - Combined chemotherapy with ifosfamide and cisplatin and with ifosfamide and etoposide (VP-16) in non-small cell carcinoma of the bronchus. PMID- 6684988 TI - Phase II trial of mitomycin, vinblastine, and cisplatin (MVP) in non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - A phase II trial of mitomycin, vinblastine, and cisplatin was undertaken in 26 patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. A major response rate of 46% was seen in measurable and evaluable disease, with a complete response rate of 12%. Median duration of response is 6.5+ months (range, 2.5-19+). Toxic effects included moderate myelosuppression, mild neuropathy, mild azotemia, and severe nausea and vomiting. These results are similar to previously reported studies using vinca alkaloids and cisplatin alone. PMID- 6684990 TI - Ifosfamide (with mesna), vincristine and cis-platinum for carcinoma of the head and neck. PMID- 6684992 TI - Immunoreactive prolactin in the pituitary gland of cyprinodont fish at the time of hatching. AB - In the developing pituitary gland of embryos of the annual fish Cynolebias whitei and the medaka, Oryzias latipes, prolactin cells have been identified before hatching by means of a light-microscopic immunocytochemical method with antiserum against ovine prolactin. At the time of hatching, changes in the intensity of the immunoperoxidase staining occur. Histological staining by Cleveland and Wolfe's trichrome shows differentiation of cell types in the adenohypophysis only later in ontogeny. Our results indicate that, in teleosts, differentiated prolactin cells are present before hatching and that prolactin may be involved in the endocrine control of the hatching process. PMID- 6684991 TI - Ontogenetic development of the pineal organ, parapineal organ, and retina of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Teleostei). Development of photoreceptors. AB - The ontogenetic developments of the pineal organ, parapineal organ, and retina were studied by the use of light and electron microscopy in embryos and fry of the teleost, Gasterosteus aculeatus, from 60 to 168 h after fertilization. Sixty to 66 h after fertilization, the primordium of the pineal complex is discernible in the diencephalic roofplate; the parapineal anlage is located rostral to the pineal anlage. Photoreceptor cells endowed with outer segments are present in the embryonic pineal organ already after 72 h, whereas outer segments of retinal photoreceptors could not be demonstrated before 144 h (hatching occurs between 120-144 h). Furthermore, neuropil formations with synaptic specializations are present in the rostral part of the pineal organ 108 h after fertilization. At 72 h, the embryonic parapineal parenchyma is already differentiated into parapinealocytes, which give rise to the parapineal tract, and glia-resembling elements. Although parapinealocytes carry cilia (9 X 2 + 0), only a single outer segment of the photoreceptor type could be demonstrated in the parapineal organ of one adult stickleback. Photoreceptors present in the pineal organ of unhatched embryos are hardly involved in visual functions, but may already at this early developmental stage serve as photoneuroendocrine transducers. PMID- 6684993 TI - Coexistent mitral stenosis and dynamic left ventricular outflow obstruction. AB - A 66-year-old female with known mitral stenosis presented with symptoms of progressive pulmonary congestion. Concomitantly, subvalvular left ventricular outflow obstruction was suspected clinically and both lesions were confirmed at cardiac catheterization. At operation, marked septal hypertrophy and rheumatic mitral stenosis were observed, the mitral valve was replaced, and a septal myomectomy was performed. PMID- 6684995 TI - Nested control regions promote Xenopus ribosomal RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase I. AB - The DNA regions required for accurate initiation by RNA polymerase 1 on the ribosomal RNA genes of Xenopus laevis consist of at least two domains within a 150 bp segment adjoining the initiation site. A region of only 13 nucleotides (from -7 to +6) appears sufficient to specify accurate and efficient initiation when various 5' and 3' deletion mutants are injected into oocyte nuclei. In contrast, a 10-fold larger region (from -142 to +6) is required for maximal synthesis when deletion mutants are assayed in oocyte nuclear homogenates; only a low level of synthesis is specified by the 13 bp promoter domain in this in vitro system. Site-specific mutants demonstrate that a sequence adjoining nucleotide 75 is also essential for efficient in vitro initiation. Under other conditions, transcription can be strongly affected by sequences that extend several kb upstream in the rDNA spacer and contain duplications of sequences found within the 150 bp promoter. We propose a model in which transcription of the X. laevis rRNA genes is regulated by interaction of at least three sequence domains that extend over a several kb region. PMID- 6684994 TI - Generation of asymmetry and segregation of germ-line granules in early C. elegans embryos. AB - Germ-line granules in C. elegans embryos (P granules) can be visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy using a monoclonal antibody. In mutant zygotes with abnormal spindle orientations and in wild-type zygotes treated with the microtubule inhibitors nocodazole, colcemid, vinblastine, and griseofulvin, both P-granule segregation to the posterior pole and the concomitant pseudocleavage occur apparently normally, but the normally concurrent migration of the pronuclei is inhibited. Conversely, treatment of wild-type embryos with the microfilament inhibitors cytochalasins D and B inhibits P-granule segregation and pseudocleavage, as well as other manifestations of polarity, without preventing pronuclear migration. The results suggest that P-granule segregation does not require either the spindle or cytoplasmic microtubules, but that this process as well as generation of other asymmetries does require cytoskeletal functions that depend on microfilaments. PMID- 6684996 TI - A diversified set of testicular cell proteins specified by genes within the mouse t complex. AB - We have conducted a comparative high-resolution, two-dimensional gel analysis of testicular cell proteins synthesized by inbred mice congenic for a series of t haplotypes on the 129/SvJ background. At least nine t haplotype-specific proteins can be identified within the 1000 most prominent proteins observed. Apparent allelic wild-type forms of six of these t complex proteins (TCPs) have also been identified, and evidence from cell-free translation experiments indicates that all of these are coded for directly by genes within the t complex. Eight of the mutant t-haplotype-specific proteins are expressed in an identical form by testicular cells carrying any one of the complete t haplotypes analyzed. The ninth protein is polymorphic among different t haplotypes, as well as among different inbred strains of mice. Partial t haplotypes were used to map the genes specifying the expression of each TCP protein to a subregion of the t complex. The accumulated data suggest a subset of TCP proteins that are most likely to be involved in t haplotype effects on germ cell differentiation and fertility. PMID- 6684997 TI - The ultrastructure of polygonal networks in chick embryonic cells in vitro. AB - Polygonal networks in cultured chick endoderm cells are ordered arrays of actin microfilaments situated just beneath the dorsal cell surface. Each strut is formed from a bundle of microfilaments and 5-7 bundles intersect at each node. Dense bodies are seen in nodes and some struts. At its periphery the network is attached to the substrate at the termini of long radial struts. Most of the network is resistant to detergent extraction. Sliding microfilaments can explain the observed behaviour of networks in live cells. PMID- 6684999 TI - [Pseudo-retinitis pigmentosa and congenital deafness]. PMID- 6684998 TI - [Study of yeast flora of medical interest on the beach of Saint Anne in Guadeloupe]. AB - An investigation of the yeast flora of medical interest was performed in sand and sea water of Sainte-Anne beach, in Guadeloupe. Yeast species of the genera: Candida, Torulopsis, Trichosporon, have been isolated, concurrently in those two environments; some of them were found in very close proportions. From this part, the authors consider the eventuality of a same source for these yeasts. The absence of Candida albicans corroborate the hypothesis in the preliminary study of the margin origin of the isolated yeasts. PMID- 6685000 TI - [Vitreoretinal changes after photocoagulation treatment of proliferative retinopathies]. PMID- 6685001 TI - Phase II clinical trial of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (cis-DDP) for antitumorigenic activity in previously untreated patients with metastatic breast cancer. AB - A phase II clinical trial was set up in metastatic breast cancer patients who had not received previous cytotoxic drug therapy, involving the administration of cis dichlorodiammine platinum (cis-DDP). Patients aged up to 75 years and with pathohistologically confirmed disease were entered on the trial. All patients had measurable disease, a performance status (Karnofsky) of greater than 40, and an expected survival of greater than 6 weeks. In all 38 patients entered the trial, and 35 have been evaluated. The predominating metastatic sites included soft tissues (19), visceral organs (12), and bones (7 patients). cis-DDP was administered in a daily dose of 30 mg/m2 IV by a 4-h drip for 4 days, with customary hyperhydration. The results indicate a pronounced antitumorigenic effect of cis-DDP and a response rate of 54% (19/35), with 13 complete remissions (37%) and six partial remissions (17%). In terms of site the best response was obtained in soft-tissue processes (13/19; 68%), followed by visceral organs (4/10; 40%); the response rate was lowest in bones (2/6; 33%). The menopausal status and prior hormone therapy did not essentially influence the results of treatment, unlike previous irradiation. Patients with a lower performance status (40-70) had a significantly lower response rate (36% vs 63%; P less than 0.05). Toxic side-effects were moderate and did not substantially affect the general condition of the patients. A transient increase of serum creatinine was observed in 4 patients, and neurotoxicity in 2 patients. The results of the trial warrant the conclusion that cis-DDP has a pronounced antitumorigenic effect in untreated metastatic breast cancer, particularly in soft-tissue metastases. These results call for additional clinical study of the cytotoxic effect of cis-DDP in untreated metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 6685003 TI - Reducing equivalents and ethanol metabolism. PMID- 6685002 TI - Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence determination of platinum in plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid of patients administered cis dichlorodiammineplatinum(II). AB - A method involving the use of an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was developed for assaying total platinum concentrations in body fluids of patients treated with the antitumor drug cis dichlorodiammineplatinum(II). Sample preparation by this procedure is simple, consisting in adding an internal standard (Zr) to 1 ml of biological fluid or tissue homogenate, pipetting 20 microliter of the sample onto a Mylar sample holder, and drying. This produces a thin-film sample, which effectively eliminates absorption enhancement effects due to other elements in the specimen. Standard addition studies were found to be linear in the concentration range of interest (0.1-10.0 micrograms/ml), with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.99. Minimum detection limits range from 0.10 to 0.25 micrograms Pt per ml, depending on the body fluid, which is adequate for routine patient monitoring after normal chemotherapeutic doses of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II). In preliminary studies with mammalian liver, standard addition experiments were found to be linear and the minimum detection limit was found to be 1.4 micrograms/g dry weight. PMID- 6685004 TI - Relationships between age, body weight, physical fitness and sex-hormone-binding globulin capacity. AB - The associations between sex-hormone-binding globulin capacity (SHBG), age, body mass index (BMI), and physical fitness have been studied in 34 men and 36 women. Multivariate analysis was used to look for independent associations with SHBG. The data indicate that when controlled for a number of other factors SHBG levels are related, in men but not in women, to age (positively, p less than 0.001) and BMI (negatively, p less than 0.001). PMID- 6685005 TI - Diurnal patterns of serum immunoreactive calcitonin in healthy males and in insulin dependent diabetics. AB - Serum immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) was measured half-hourly for 27 h in five healthy males and four insulin dependent juvenile diabetic males during normal activity. In another group of four healthy males studied during 12 h the first meal was postponed 8 h. Duplicate measurements of an internal reference standard in all radioimmunoassay runs gave a mean value of 58 pg/ml with an intra-assay variation of 4.7 pg/ml (SD) and an interassay variation of 10.8 pg/ml (SD). Results of serum iCT determinations in one subject were excluded as the majority of values were below the lower limit of detection (20 pg/ml). For all three groups serum iCT levels varied little and unsystematically during day and night time and no diurnal peaks were observed. Food intake did not affect serum iCT levels significantly. With the present radioimmunoassay, results of serum iCT measurements can thus be interpreted without taking the sampling time or meals into account. PMID- 6685006 TI - Platelet associated IgG in uremia. AB - Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) levels, a useful adjunct for the evaluation of patients with immunologic mediated thrombocytopenia, were obtained in 36 patients with end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Twenty-five of the 36 had elevated PAIgG. Nine of the 36 were thrombocytopenic and only 3 of the 9 had elevated PAIgG. Fifteen patients in the group admitted to recent substance abuse. All but one had elevated PAIgG and only one patient was thrombocytopenic. In contrast to patients with idiopathic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), a direct relationship was not found between PAIgG and total platelet protein (TPP) in the uremic group. It can be concluded that PAIgG values in patients with uremia are difficult to interpret since elevated PAIgG values are found in the majority of uremic patients with normal platelets counts. PMID- 6685007 TI - Atrial septal defect in adult identical twins: a variation in theme. AB - The diagnosis of atrial septal defect was established in monozygotic twin females at age 63. Each patient mimicked a different acquired heart disease. One twin had congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation and was diagnosed as having rheumatic mitral insufficiency. The other twin had atypical chest pain and systemic hypertension and was thought to have arteriosclerotic heart disease. In each case the correct diagnosis was made at cardiac catheterization. Although the same basic congenital heart lesion was present in both patients, the symptoms and findings differed. Symptomatic improvement was achieved by different therapeutic modalities. One patient had open heart surgery, while the other twin improved with medical therapy. PMID- 6685008 TI - Detection of fluid entry into the urethra by electric impedance measurement: electric fluid bridge test. AB - The electric impedance of urine is considerably lower than that of urothelium: thus electrodes placed in the urethra can be used to show when urine penetrates the urethra during incontinence. This principle is presented as part of a possible diagnostic test of urethral incompetence. PMID- 6685009 TI - Some issues in the linguistic description of agrammatism. PMID- 6685010 TI - The comparison of acquired and developmental disorders of reading--a discussion. PMID- 6685011 TI - Monitoring and self-repair in speech. PMID- 6685012 TI - Some differences between phonetic and auditory modes of perception. PMID- 6685013 TI - The sensitization potential of D & C Yellow No. 11 in guinea pigs. AB - The certified drug and cosmetic dye substance known as D & C Yellow No. 11 [2-(2 quinolyl)-1,3 indandione] was tested for its dermal sensitization potential in guinea pigs. An induction regimen consisting of a single footpad injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant diluted with antigen, and an intradermal injection of antigen, produced delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. A high sensitization frequency was observed with 50 micrograms D & C Yellow No. 11 and the positive control 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The reaction severities of both DNCB and 50 micrograms D & C Yellow No. 11 were comparable. A dose-response profile was obtained with D & C Yellow No. 11 employing several concentrations (50, 250 and 500 micrograms/ml). Histologic examination of selected skin sites demonstrated a cellular inflammatory response which was consistent with delayed-type hypersensitivity. PMID- 6685015 TI - [Ethic commissions for experiments on humans]. PMID- 6685014 TI - Recognition and diagnosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Recognition and diagnosis of nonobstructive apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is important to begin to understand the natural history and prognosis of such patients. Our experience with three patients indicates that a clue to the recognition of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy lies in the striking electrocardiographic repolarization changes consistent with subendocardial ischemia often prompting admission to the coronary care unit. The diagnosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in two patients was confirmed by two dimensional echocardiographic apical views, but due to a technically inadequate echocardiogram, the diagnosis in the third patient was made by left ventriculography. Two of the three patients underwent right and left cardiac catheterization and their rest and exercise hemodynamic data were consistent with restrictive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6685016 TI - Synaptonemal complex analysis of X-7 translocations in male mice: R2 and R6 quadrivalents. AB - Synaptonemal complexes of surface-spread spermatocytes of mice heterozygous for reciprocal translocations R2 or R6 between the X-chromosome and chromosome 7 were examined by light and electron microscopy (EM). Measurements of the lengths of all chromosome axes involved in the translocation configurations and of the extent of synapsis were used to calculate the position of the break points of the two translocations. The breaks for R2 were determined to be at 62% of the 7 as measured from the centromere, and at 27% of the X. Quadrivalents were formed almost exclusively. The break points for R6 were calculated to be at 30% of the 7 as measured from the centromere, and at 75% of the X. Although in R6 the break in the X lies within the potential pairing region of the sex chromosomes, univalent Ys were rarely observed (6%). The EM sample of 76 nuclei contained: 42% quadrivalents, 52% heteromorphic bivalents, 4% trivalent plus Y univalent, and 2% X7-7 bivalent plus two univalents (7X and Y). Nonhomologous synapsis occurred in the quadrivalents of both R2 and R6. In R6 nonhomologous synapsis of the X portion of the 7X with the 7 involved up to 14% of the length of the 7. Methods are discussed for determining the position of the break points in the presence of nonhomologous synapsis. It is proposed that the high percentage of bivalents is due to premature desynapsis of the 7X from the 7 and that the X portion of the 7X axis confers its property of premature desynapsis on that portion of the 7 to which it is attached. PMID- 6685017 TI - Nonhomologous synapsis of the sex chromosomes in the heteromorphic bivalents of two X-7 translocations in male mice: R5 and R6. AB - Electron microscopy of pachytene nuclei of mice heterozygous for either of two reciprocal X-7 translocations (R5 or R6) revealed a high frequency of heteromorphic bivalents involving the translocated chromosomes. In both translocations the break was in the proximal third of the 7 and the distal third of the X, but the R5 breaks were closer to the 7 centromere and X telomere than the R6 breaks. In both translocations the 7 frequently synapsed nonhomologously with the X7. In R5 the part of the X to which the 7 synapsed may include a region that synapses with the Y in normal mice. However, in R6 the 7 synapsed with a portion of the X that never synapses with the Y (Synapsis was clearly in the "differentiated" region). In both translocations the Y synapsed maximally with the X portion of the 7X in those nuclei in which there was nonhomologous synapsis of the 7 with the X7. The Y occasionally synapsed nonhomologously with the 7 portion of the 7X. The behavior of the bivalents suggests that the autosomal portions of the 7X and X7 may alter the behavior of the sex-chromosome portions. Both the nonhomologous synapsis of the Y with the 7X and the timing of events during pachytene have led us to question the "homology" between the X and Y in this species. PMID- 6685018 TI - Cytofluorometric analysis for estrogen receptors using fluorescent estrogen probes. AB - Estrogen receptor (ER) analysis of breast cancer tissue has been shown to be very useful in predicting which patients will respond to hormone therapy and have a better prognosis. The ER assay is, however, tedious and time consuming. Measurement of ER by flow cytometry would be rapid and based on either an average fluorescence-E2 probe intensity per cell or the percentage of the ER+ cells per cell suspension. Analysis of E2 modified structures for relative binding affinity to the ER determined by competition studies and for fluorescence uptake into cell suspensions determined by flow cytometry was performed. Lack of high affinity to the ER and purity of the compound were major problems for the fluorescein-labeled estrogen probes. Base hydrolysis of the ester linkage in fluorescein-E2 compounds demonstrated by HPLC very little estradiol derivative in the parent compounds compared to total components present. A second type of fluoresceinated estrogen which has a peptide bond between the steroid and the chromophore was also tested. It was less contaminated but was unable to get into the cell and showed no binding activity to the ER. A pure plant fluorescent estrogen, coumestrol, has Ka of 6 X 10(8) M-1 for the ER and is a single component as determined by HPLC. Specific fluorescent uptake of coumestrol was performed on ER+ and ER- viable cell suspensions. When these coumestrol-cell suspensions were excited at 350-360 nm and the blue emission was measured using flow cytometry, the result was a fluorescence uptake that was not highly displaceable by excess nonfluorescence E2 probes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685020 TI - [Functional activity of the heart in relation to intellectual work]. PMID- 6685019 TI - [Role of maternal glucocorticoids during pregnancy in determining the reaction of the hypophyseal-adrenocortical system of adult progeny in emotional stress]. PMID- 6685021 TI - [Effect of physiological body states (estrus and diestrus) on enzyme histochemistry in specific integumental glands of rats]. PMID- 6685022 TI - [Electrocardiographic features associated with primary obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6685023 TI - Steroid treatment for secretory otitis media. PMID- 6685024 TI - Morphometric analysis of thyrotropes in developing and cycling female rats: studies of intact pituitaries and cell fractions separated by centrifugal elutriation. AB - The development and morphology of immunocytochemically stained thyrotropes were studied in sections of intact pituitaries and dissociated cell fractions separated by centrifugal elutriation. In the initial cell suspension from six elutriation experiments, adult female rat thyrotropes were 4.8 +/- 0.5% (+/- SE) of the cell population. Correlative morphometric studies of Araldite- or glycol methacrylate-embedded pituitaries showed that there were no changes in the percentage of thyrotropes with the stage of the estrous cycle and that the percentage of thyrotropes (5.14 +/- 0.4%) was not significantly different from the percentages in the initial cell suspension. TSH cell area fraction (a) measurements (with a 10,000-microns 2 ocular grid) showed that adult rat thyrotropes covered 171 +/- 5 microns 2 of the grid area and averaged 15 microns in diameter. In neonatal rats, thyrotropes were half the a of those in the adult for the first 9 days of life. Thereafter, they expanded, and the a reached adult levels by 20-21 days of development. TSH cell percentages remained 2-3 times adult levels throughout postnatal development (2-22 days). This developmental pattern contrasted with that in the male, which showed adult percentages of thyrotropes by 15 days of age. In the elutriation experiments from adult rats, thyrotropes were 2- to 4-fold more concentrated in the fractions eluted at 37.0 ml/min or greater, which contained the largest cells. Fraction 7 (39.5 ml/min) showed a 2-fold enrichment of thyrotropes to 11.6 +/- 1.4%, and fraction 8 showed a 4-fold enrichment to 19.6 +/- 2.7%. A few small TSH cells were found in the fractions 1-3, eluted at 11.8-19.5 ml/min. Electron microscopic studies showed that some of these small TSH cells were poorly granulated and difficult to distinguish from small gonadotropes, whereas the large thyrotropes resembled those described previously in the adult or developing male rat. These studies, thus, combine techniques of immunocytochemistry, morphometrics, and cell separation by elutriation to describe TSH cells in the female rat pituitary. Our findings agree with those reported by Denef et al., who showed that thyrotropes in the adult male rat are among the largest cells in the pituitary. The few small thyrotropes in the female rat may be equivalent to the prolific cells described by Leuschen et al. in the male rat that enrich monolayers from these fractions after 7 days in culture. PMID- 6685025 TI - Plasma prolactin concentrations in parental male and female rats: effects of exposure to rat young. AB - The effects of pup presentation on the PRL responses in parental male rats were measured and compared with those in parental virgin and lactating female rats. Blood samples were collected from rats through indwelling intraatrial cannulas after a suckling challenge, i.e. presentation of rat young. Lactating rats showed full parental behavior and characteristic large surges in plasma PRL levels within the first 5-10 min on each day that rat young were presented (days 4, 8, and 12 of lactation). When pups were not presented, PRL rises did not occur. In contrast to the pattern of PRL responses shown by lactating mothers, parental ovariectomized nulliparous female and parental intact male rats failed to show specific increases in PRL in response to pup presentation. Plasma PRL levels in these groups, as in nonparental female and male rats, occasionally rose in response to blood collection rather than to pup presentation alone. Treatment of nulliparous female as well as male rats with estradiol and progesterone Silastic implants for 21 days before the initiation of behavioral testing significantly reduced the latencies of both nulliparous females and males to respond to foster young from about 5 to 2 days. The PRL responses of these steroid-primed groups were quite different. The steroid-primed females exhibited a pattern of PRL responses to pups identical to that found in lactating rats. The steroid-primed parental males, in contrast, failed to show specific increases in plasma PRL levels in response to young. These data demonstrate a sex difference in the hormonal, but not behavioral, responses of male and female rats to young and are suggestive of possible sex differences in the hypothalamic and/or peripheral regulation of pup-induced PRL secretion. PMID- 6685026 TI - Specific neurotoxin lesions of median raphe serotonergic neurons disrupt maternal behavior in the lactating rat. AB - Impairments in lactation after electrolytic lesions of the median raphe (MR) nucleus have been corrected by treatment with PRL. Specific serotonin neurotoxin lesions were used in the present study to determine whether decrements in litter growth after electrolytic lesions could be attributed to serotonergic neuron damage at the MR locus, and whether MR lesions (MRL) disrupted suckling-induced PRL release. Intracerebral microinjection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) into the MR nucleus produced dose-related decrements in litter growth after either 4 micrograms (sham, 1.35 +/- 0.05; MRL, 1.04 +/- 0.05 g/pup X day; P less than 0.001) or 8 micrograms 5,7-DHT (sham, 1.35 +/- 0.06; MRL, 0.87 +/- 0.11 g/pup X day; P less than 0.001). Despite hypothalamic serotonin depletions of 15% and 55%, respectively, for the two doses of 5,7-DHT, there was no difference between sham and MRL animals in either basal or suckling-induced PRL release. When lesions were placed on day 1 of lactation (L) so that killing on day 7-L corresponded to the early maximal neurotoxin effect, MRL mothers still showed litter growth decrements (0.37 +/- 0.07; sham, 0.98 +/- 0.08 g/pup X day; P less than 0.001) and normal PRL values. When maternal behavior was examined, MRL animals exhibited a higher incidence of abnormal behaviors (failure to retrieve pups, cannibalism, and failure to initiate suckling during a 1-h test period; Fisher's exact P, Sham vs. MRL, less than 0.01, less than 0.05, and 0.15, respectively) than sham animals or animals with 5,7-DHT lesions in the dorsal raphe nucleus or superior colliculus. In addition, suckling behavior scores, determined from daily suckling behavior observations, were lowest in the MRL group and correlated with litter growth only in this group (r = 0.789; P less than 0.01). These data suggest that serotonergic elements in the MR nucleus play an obligatory role in maintaining normal maternal behavior during lactation, but they are not involved in suckling induced PRL release. PMID- 6685027 TI - Dorsal raphe-hypothalamic projections provide the stimulatory serotonergic input to suckling-induced prolactin release. AB - The present study was carried out to determine whether dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons are involved in the regulation of suckling-induced PRL release. Neurotoxin lesions were placed stereotaxically in lactating rats on day 1 of lactation by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine microinjection into the dorsal raphe (DR), median raphe (MR), or superior colliculus (SC), an area devoid of serotonergic perikarya. Litters were adjusted to eight pups each and weighed daily to determine litter growth rates. On day 7 of lactation, litters were separated from mothers for 8 h, after which six healthy foster pups were provided for a 30-min suckling stimulus. Animals were killed by decapitation immediately after suckling, plasma was collected for RIA of PRL, and brains were frozen and dissected for determination of hypothalamic, caudate, and hippocampal serotonin (5-HT) using the enzymatic-isotopic assay procedure. Litter growth rates from days 1-7 of lactation were significantly different among lesion groups (P less than 0.005), with litters from SC-lesioned animals (SCL) growing similarly to the sham group (sham, 0.924; SCL, 0.941 g/pup . day). In contrast, growth rates of litters from both DR-lesioned (DRL) and MR-lesioned (MRL) animals were significantly depressed (DRL, 0.596; MRL, 0.449 g/pup . day; P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). 5-HT levels in hypothalamus, caudate nuclei, and hippocampus were similar in the sham and SCL groups, whereas hypothalamic 5-HT was depleted by 63% and 55%, respectively, in the DRL and MRL groups. Despite impairments in growth rate and litter survival in both the DRL and MRL groups, only DRL animals showed significant decrements in suckling-induced PRL release (DRL, 288 +/- 107; sham, 837 +/- 134 ng NIAMDD rat PRL RP-1/ml; P less than 0.05) after 5-HT-depleting lesions. The results suggest a specificity of function within the raphe system during lactation; DR 5-HT neurons which project to the hypothalamus provide stimulatory inputs to suckling-induced PRL release, whereas MR 5-HT neurons influence litter growth and survival via their role in maternal behavior. PMID- 6685028 TI - Effects of acute plasma volume expansion on altering exercise-heat performance. AB - To determine the effect an acute plasma volume expansion has on body temperature responses and exercise performance in the heat, seven unacclimatized male volunteers attempted to complete two 90-min walks (45% of VO2 max) in a hot/dry (45 degrees C/20% rh) environment. The experimental walk was preceded by an infusion of human albumin (50 g in a 200-ml solution) and the control walk was preceded by an infusion of isotonic saline (200 ml). Saline infusion did not alter the plasma volume. The albumin infusion was found to significantly (p less than 0.01) increase plasma volume approximately 13% over control levels. No significant differences were found for performance time, final heart rate or final rectal temperature values between the two walks. In general, significant differences were not found for systolic blood pressure, rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, heat storage, sweat rate, plasma lactate, plasma osmolality, or plasma protein content values between the two walks. However, heart rate responses were found to be significantly lower (p less 0.05; approximately 13 bt x min-1) during the 25-min and 40-min measurements of the experimental walk. These data suggest that plasma volume expansion may be a supportive adaptation to enable lowered heart rate responses but does not improve thermoregulatory function or performance time in the heat. PMID- 6685029 TI - Cardiorespiratory functions in children with high and low performances in endurance running. AB - To elucidate the characteristics of cardiorespiratory functions during exercise in young children in relation to their performances in endurance running. Twenty six 6-hear-old children participated in the present study. They were divided into two groups (fast and slow) from the results of three endurance performances (1,500 m, 4,000 m, and 8,850 m). Maximal oxygen uptake VO2max) in the fast group (X +/- SD; 45.3 +/- 5.5 ml x kg-1 x min-1) was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than the slow group (39.8 +/- 5.9 ml x kg-1 x min-1). The performances in endurance running were also significantly different between the two groups (p less than 0.01). There was, therefore, a significant correlation between VO2max and endurance performance in 6-year-old children (p less than 0.05 or p less than 0.01), but the relationship was less than that of adults. During endurance running, the heart rate of the best performer stayed constant, while that of the worst performer decreased. This may indicate that the worst performer used a smaller percentage of VO2max, which might be derived from a lower motivation for running. In conclusion, endurance performances in 6-year-old children was influenced by VO2max as well as by the constant mobilization of cardiorespiratory functions throughout endurance running, probably due to high motivation. PMID- 6685030 TI - Cross transfer effects of muscular training on blood flow in the ipsilateral and contralateral forearms. AB - Blood flow in the right and left forearms was determined by venous occlusion plethysmography in ten healthy male subjects before and after training with a hand ergometer. The subjects in group A and B were trained using work loads of 1/3 and 1/2, respectively, of maximum grip strength 6 days/week for 6 weeks. It was found that the blood flow in the left (untrained or contralateral) forearm during exhaustive training of the right hand increased gradually with increasing training periods, and that after 6 weeks of training, grip strength, endurance and peak blood flow of the forearm increased significantly not only in the trained forearm, but also in the untrained forearm. From these results, it is suggested that the increase of blood flow in the contralateral limb after training may, at least in part, be related to the cross transfer effect of muscular endurance. PMID- 6685031 TI - Serum iron, copper, zinc, ferritin, and ceruloplasmin after intense heat exposure. AB - Twelve voluntary adult subjects twice took a 30-min sauna bath, at a temperature of 80 degrees C with a 30-min rest between each, every 12 h for 1 week. Measurements of serum iron, copper, zinc, ferritin and ceruloplasmin were performed before the experiment, after the first and second 30 min in the sauna and at the end of the week. The first two sauna baths did not significantly change the concentrations of the trace elements measured. After the week the mean serum copper concentration had decreased from 15.0 (SD 1.7) mumol x 1-1 to 13.5 (SD 2.0) mumol x 1-1 (p less than 0.02). The mean zinc concentration decreased from 13.8 (SD 2.4) mumol x 1-1 to 9.8 (SD 1.8) mumol x 1-1 (p less than 0.001) during the week of the experiment. At the beginning of the study period two subjects had zinc concentrations below the reference values and after the week nine subjects had zinc concentrations below the reference values. The concentration of serum ferritin decreased from 142.2 (SD 103) micrograms x 1-1 to 111.3 (SD 89) micrograms x 1-1 (p less than 0.02) whereas the values of ceruloplasmin remained unchanged. Our findings confirm the earlier suggestion that heavy exposure to heat can cause a loss of some trace elements, especially zinc. PMID- 6685032 TI - Differences in oxygen consumption and external power between male and female speed skaters during supramaximal cycling. AB - Differences in performance levels between elite male and female endurance athletes are often explained by differences found in VO2 max even when expressed in VO2 max per kilogram lean body mass (VO2/LBM). Such an explanation is only a matter of course when less or no difference exists in mechanical efficiency, anaerobic power and technical variables like friction constants between males and females. Particularly during supramaximal exercises. In this study five elite male speed skaters were compared with five elite female speed skaters with respect to oxygen consumption and external power during a 3 min supramaximal bicycle ergometer test. The training background and training history of both groups were comparable. Although the elite males showed a 20% higher VO2/BW and 8% higher VO2/LBM (71.0 versus 65.01 x min-1 . kg-1) than the females, the female group showed the same mean external power Pc per kilogram body weight, and a surprising 12% higher Pc/LBM than the males (6.47 versus 5.79 W x kg-1). Hence the female group delivered 22% more external power per liter of oxygen consumption. With the help of additional data from 14 male and 11 female sub elite skaters it is shown that the differences between the elite groups are mainly due to sex differences. In the light of differences between men and women reported in other studies, it seems likely that the differences found in this study are due to a difference in mechanical efficiency which particularly occurs in supramaximal tasks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685033 TI - Plasma volume changes during submaximal swimming. AB - The hemodynamic and diuretic responses of six swimmers were evaluated during 35 min of resting immersion, free swimming, and land bicycle ergometry at approximately 70% exercise specific maximal oxygen uptake. Venous blood, sampled at 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, and 35 min of each trials, was analyzed for hemoglobin. hematocrit, and total plasma protein concentration. Urine output was also measured. Resting immersion resulted in a significant (p less than 0.05) hemodilution (plasma volume = +2.5 +/- 1.5%) during the first 25 min and a return towards resting levels at the termination. During swimming exercise, plasma volume decreased by -15.9 +/- 1.3% (p less than 0.01). A similar -17.0 +/- 1.3% decrease was also evident during cycle ergometry. Urine output averaged 3.1 +/- 0.9 ml x min-1 during resting immersion, significantly greater than either swimming (1.0 +/- 0.1 ml x min-1) or cycling (0.4 +/- 0.2 ml x min-1). Total plasma protein concentration increased less during cycling compared to swimming (p less than 0.05) and was unchanged (p greater than 0.05) during resting immersion. It was concluded that the hemodynamic and renal responses to immersion are suppressed during swimming. It was also apparent that, despite possible differences in hemodynamics, plasma shift during exercise may be similar on land and in the water. It appears that the amount of plasma lost from the intravascular space during exercise may be independent of the muscle mass involved, but related to a combination of the ratio of active to total mass for each individual and body position. PMID- 6685034 TI - Relationship between isokinetic performance and ballistic movement. AB - The present experiments were carried out to assess the relationship between the mechanical behaviour of the leg extensor muscles in 12 male athletes during activities of a ballistic type and torque production, during: (1) torque production during isokinetic contraction: (2) ballistic type activities (vertical jumps from statis position = SJ, with counter-movement equal CMJ and after a fall from different heights equal DJ) and (3) a new anaerobic test (Bosco 1983a). This consisted of performing continuous jump work for a certain period of time (e.g., 60 s). Both ballistic activities and anaerobic power tests demonstrated the highest relationship with peak torques when this was developed respectively at pi and 4.2 rad x s-1. Peak torque was related to SJ (r = 0.71, p less than 0.01); to CMJ (r = 0.74, p less than 0.005); to best DJ (r = 0.60, p less than 0.05), to 15 s anaerobic power (r = 0.70, p less than 0.01) and 60 s anaerobic power (r = 0.68, p less than 0.01). The power output during ballistic activities was much higher than the power measured during zero acceleration performances. The difference noted was explained in the light of the fact that, when jumping, three different extensor muscle groups in each leg contract with re-use during the concentric phase of elastic energy stored during the eccentric phase. The relationship between isokinetic contraction and ballistic motion is discussed in terms of fiber type recruitment and their velocity dependency. PMID- 6685035 TI - Effect of acute stresses on Zn-thionein production in rat liver. AB - Male Wistar strain rats were exposed to acute stress from broad-band noise [100 dB (A) for 1 h] or cold (4 degrees C for 24 h). Following exposure to noise for 1 h, serum and adrenal gland showed about 1.8 times and 2.5 times the corticosterone levels of the control group, but this enhancement was not observed after exposure to cole. Both stresses increased Zn-thionein significantly in the liver. Furthermore, the two stresses increased the content of Zn in the 30,000 g supernatant fraction of the liver, though serum Zn concentration was not altered. It is believed that thionein is a regulatory protein with a specific function for Zn metabolism in organs. Although it is known that corticosterone affects Zn metabolism in man and animals, there is little investigation of the effect of environmental stresses on Zn metabolism. The present data suggest that Zn metabolism may be important in the investigation of the effects of repeated and long term exposure to environmental stresses involving noise and cold. PMID- 6685036 TI - Acute effects of cigarette smoking and inhalation of carbon monoxide during maximal exercise. AB - The acute effect of inhaling the smoke of three cigarettes was compared to the effect of inhalation of an amount of carbon monoxide (CO), giving the same CO saturation of the arterial blood as smoking during rest and during maximal exercise on a Krogh cycle ergometer. Sixteen male subjects were tested in the morning (1) after about 8 h without smoking (control), (2) after inhalation of the smoke of three cigarettes (smoke), and (3) after CO-inhalation (CO). It was found that the average maximal rate of O2-uptake (VO2 max) decreased during both smoke and CO by about 7%. Endurance time at VO2 max decreased 20% during smoke but only 10% during CO. A significant decrease in maximal heart rate (HR), and an increase in HR at rest, was demonstrated only during smoke. The peak lactate concentration (HLa) following maximal exercise was significantly decreased after smoke. The results suggest that the decrease in VO2 max during smoke is due to the CO-saturation of the blood, and hence to a decrease in the oxygen capacity of the blood, while the decrease in endurance time during smoke is combined effect of the CO-saturation and an increased cost of breathing caused by the smoke particles. It is further suggested that nicotine, or possibly some other components of the smoke, have an enhancing effect on the heart at rest rest, while an inhibition is seen during maximal exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685037 TI - Physiological properties of two antagonist human muscle groups. AB - The physiological features of two antagonistic muscle groups, the dorsiflexors (DF) and plantarflexors (PF) of the ankle, have been compared in 46 healthy subjects (31 men and 15 women) aged 19-65 years. The DF muscles, of which tibialis anterior (TA) was studied most thoroughly, had relatively small twitches, with moderately fast contraction and relaxation phases, and had marked post-activation potentiation; they were susceptible to fatigue during isometric exercise. The PF muscles had comparatively large twitches, with slow contraction and relaxation phases, and poor post-activation potentiation; they were more resistant to fatigue. Women differed from men in having smaller TA twitches and slower PF twitches; PF twitches were also slower in older subjects. The marked differences in physiological properties between DF and PF muscles contrasted with relatively modest histochemical differences found by ourselves and others. PMID- 6685038 TI - Skeletal muscle tension, flow, pressure, and EMG during sustained isometric contractions in humans. AB - In five healthy males sustained isometric torques during elbow flexion, knee extension, and plantar flexion correlated positively with intramuscular tissue pressure (MTP) in the range 0-80% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). During passive compression of the muscle at rest 133-Xenon muscle clearance stopped when MTP reached diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) indicating that the muscle vascular bed was occluded. However, during sustained contraction this relation between DAP, flow and MTP was not seen. In two cases 133-Xenon clearance from M. soleus did not stop in spite of an 80% maximal contraction and MTP stayed below DAP. In other cases MTP would reach as high as 240 mm Hg before clearance was zero. In the deeper parts of the muscles MTP during contraction was increased in relation to the more superficial parts. The means values for the % MVC that would stop MBF varied between 50 and 64% MVC for the investigated muscles. Mean rectified EMG (MEMG) showed a high correlation to MTP during sustained exhaustive contractions: When MEMG was kept constant MTP also remained constant while the exerted force decreased; when force was kept constant both MEMG and MTP increased in parallel. This demonstrated that muscle tissue compliance is decreasing during fatigue. Muscle ischemia occurring during sustained isometric contractions is partly due to the developed MTP, where especially the MTP around the veins in the deeper parts of the muscle can be considered of importance. However, ischemia is also affected by muscle fiber texture and anatomical distorsion of tissues. PMID- 6685039 TI - Load optimization for the Wingate Anaerobic Test. AB - The purpose of the present study was to define the optimal loads (OL) for eliciting maximal power-outputs (PO) in the leg and arm modes of the 30s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Eighteen female and seventeen male physical education students, respectively 20.6 +/- 1.6 and 24.1 +/- 2.5 years old, volunteered to participate. In each of the total five sessions, the test was administered twice on a convertible, mechanically braked cycle-ergometer, once for the legs and once for the arms. The five randomized, evenly-spaced resistance loads ranged from 2.43 to 5.39 Joule per pedal revolution per kg body weight (B. W.) for the legs, and from 1.96 to 3.92 for the arms. The measured variables were mean (MP x kg-1) and peak PO as well as absolute and relative measures of fatigue. A parabola fitting technique was employed to define the optimal loads from the MP x kg-1 data. The resulting OL were 5.04 and 5.13 Joule x Rev-1 x kg B.W.-1 in the leg and 2.82 and 3.52 in the arm tests for the women and men, respectively. OL were shown to depend on PO magnitude. However, within a two-load span (0.98 Joule x Rev-1 x kg B.W.-1) about the OL, MP x kg-1 did not vary by more than 1.4% in the leg and 2.2% in the arm tests. It is suggested that although the WAnT is rather insensitive to moderate variation in load assignment, improved results could be obtained by using the stated OL as guidelines that may be modified according to individual body build, composition, and, particularly, anaerobic fitness level. PMID- 6685040 TI - Body heat balance in man subjected to endogenous and exogenous heat load. AB - The body heat balance, measured by a thermometric method, was investigated in humans subjected to endogenous and exogenous heat load. The purpose of the present study was to test the concept of heat exchange by a servomechanism in human thermoregulation. Two series of experiments were performed on male volunteers. In series I 15 subjects performed physical exercise (50% VO2 max) for 60 min at a constant ambient temperature of 25 degrees C. In series II 16 subjects rested in a climatic chamber where the ambient temperature was elevated over 30 min from 22 to 42 degrees C and kept stable at this level during the subsequent 60 min. It was found that in both series of experiments the sweating rate followed an exponential curve exhibiting an inertial course. Heat was stored in the body mainly at the beginning of experiment. In series I the net body heat load of 125 W/m2 was equalized by sweat evaporation, beginning after 40 min of the exercise. In series II the net body heat load of 80 W/m2 was equalized in the same way, starting after 35 min of the constant high ambient temperature. In both series of experiments the amount of heat stored in the body calculated from the body heat balance was quite close to the amount of heat calculated from the calorimetric equation. It is concluded, that under the present experimental conditions, heat loss from the body by sweat evaporation seems to be a regulated variable in the human thermoregulatory system. The observed increase in rectal temperature may result from an inertial course of the sweating reaction. PMID- 6685041 TI - A comparison of the contractile properties of the human gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. AB - Twitch speeds and potentiating capacities have been determined for human medial and lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. The experiments involved and application of submaximal stimuli to the respective muscle bellies, with monitoring of the evoked compound action potentials (M-waves) during repetitive stimulation. Contrary to an earlier report, the lateral gastrocnemius was found to have a significantly shorter mean contraction time (100.0 +/- 10.8 ms) than the soleus (156.5 +/- 14.7 ms) and this value was also significantly different from that of the medial gastrocnemius (113.7 +/- 19.6 ms). The mean half relaxation time for each muscle also differed significantly from those for the other two muscles. A further contrast between the muscles was that potentiation of the twitch, following a 3-s tetanus at 50 Hz, was significantly greater in the lateral gastrocnemius than in soleus (mean values 60.4 +/- 43.1% and 2.6 +/- 3.3% respectively. PMID- 6685042 TI - The surgeon's mental load during decision making at various stages of operations. AB - In surgeons while opening the wound, during the operation proper, closing the skin and immediately after the operation, the ECG was recorded telemetrically for 5-min periods. From the ECG recordings, indices reflecting cardiac arrhythmia and emotional level were calculated. It is concluded that the process of decision making during the vital stages of operations causes a fall in the CHRV (the coefficient of heart rate variability), S2 (the variance of R-R intervals) and VR (the variability range of R-R intervals). It seems that of the indices studied, the most suitable for evaluation of the degree of mental loading due to decision making processes are the CHRV and S2. During all the stages of surgery studied, and immediately after the operation, an increase in tonus of the sympathetic nervous system occurs in surgeons indicating a rise in emotional level. PMID- 6685043 TI - REM sleep prevents sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Near-miss events were observed to occur in indeterminate sleep in a preterm infant reaching term at 6 weeks after birth. Moreover, prolonged sleep apnea and periodic respiration were frequently encountered in non-REM sleep. In view of the observation that pathologic sleep apnea occurs in non-REM sleep and the apparently contradictory findings of respiratory depression and more frequent apneas during REM sleep, apneic episodes during REM sleep were analysed in relation to phasic REM events. The frequent occurrence of respiratory pauses in REM burst-free periods of REM sleep suggests that tonic REM mechanisms inhibit respiratory neurons, while phasic REM mechanisms are facilitatory and protect an infant from prolonged sleep apnea. PMID- 6685044 TI - Evidence that ATP acts as a co-transmitter with noradrenaline in sympathetic nerves supplying the guinea-pig vas deferens. PMID- 6685045 TI - Effect of flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen on functional maturation of the epididymis of rat. AB - The effect of flutamide, a non-steroidal antiandrogen on the growth and secretory function of the epididymis of rat during transition from prepubertal age (35 days old) to puberty (50 days old) was investigated. The results showed that the antiandrogen interfered with the growth of all the genital organs accompanied by a marked reduction in the secretory function of the epididymis as revealed by lowered levels of sialic acid and glycerylphosphorylcholine. These findings are discussed in relation to our previous observations in adult rats. PMID- 6685046 TI - Testosterone concentration in plasma and its production in the testes of the rat following testosterone, oestradiol and HCG application. AB - The authors present data on the effect of a seven-day application of testosterone, oestradiol and HCG to male rats, on plasma concentration and testicular production of testosterone. In addition, they also studied the in vitro effect of LH on testosterone production in control male rats and rats treated with testosterone, oestradiol and HCG. Plasma testosterone concentration was higher in animals treated with testosterone and HCG (exogenous effect) than in the control group. Oestradiol-treated males had a markedly lowered plasma concentration of testosterone. A striking decline in testosterone production was noted in the testes of male rats receiving testosterone and oestradiol in comparison with the controls. Testosterone production failed to increase even after LH had been added to the incubation medium. A maximum testosterone production in the testes was achieved following HCG application. Testosterone concentration in plasma and in incubates was determined by radioimmunoassay. On the basis of the results, the authors suggest the significance of sex hormones and their effect on the mechanisms controlling testosterone production in the testicular gland. Control of testosterone production takes place not solely in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system, but to a great extent also at the cellular level of the sex gland itself. PMID- 6685047 TI - Zonal mitotic response in the adrenocortical tissue of the juvenile female duck to sex hormones. AB - The zonal response of the adrenocortical tissue to sex hormones was evaluated in the female duckling by mitotic (with colchicine) and histological studies. Estrogen (1 mg per bird daily for 10 days), progesterone (1 mg per bird daily for 10 days) or estrogen plus progesterone (0.75 mg plus 0.25 mg respectively per bird daily for 10 days) selectively inhibited mitosis in the central zone of the adrenocortical tissue. Histologically, estrogen or estrogen plus progesterone produced hypertrophy in the subcapsular zone, while progesterone caused atrophy in the central zone of the cortex. It is suggested that both the sex hormones have zonal action mitotically as well as histologically in the adrenocortical tissue of the female duckling. PMID- 6685048 TI - Differential effects of propylthiouracil, methimazole and thyroidectomy on liver ferritin. AB - Different groups of rats were made hypothyroid by thyroidectomy (Tx) or treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU) or methimazole (MMI). Some of the hypothyroid rats from each group were simultaneously treated with thyroxine (T4). Liver ferritin concentration and 14C-glycine incorporation into liver ferritin in these rats were studied. Only in MMI-treated rats the ferritin concentration was elevated, which was reduced by simultaneous T4 treatment. PTU treatment resulted in 36-42% reduction in ferritin synthesis, which was not responsive to T4. Thyroidectomy induced 23% enhancement in ferritin synthesis, which was normal in T4-treated Tx rats. The possible causes for these differential effects in hypothyroid rats have been discussed. PMID- 6685049 TI - Nucleosome DNA repeat length and histone complement in a fungus exhibiting condensed chromatin. AB - Fungal chromatins are reported to exhibit unusually short nucleosomal DNA repeat lengths. To test whether this is a phylogenetic feature of fungi or rather is correlated with an apparent absence of condensed chromatin in the organisms studied, we have examined the chromatin organization and the complement of basic nuclear proteins in the fungus Entomophthora, an organism which exhibits marked chromatin condensation. Micrococcal nuclease digestion of Entomophthora chromatin revealed a nucleosomal DNA repeat length of 197 +/- 1.2 base pairs (bp). This repeat length is 20-40 bp longer than that reported for any fungus. Entomophthora nucleosomes exhibited an HI-like protein which was much less basic than the HI histones reported for higher eukaryotes but which was similar in basicity to the HI histone reported for the fungus Neurospora. However, the nucleosomal DNA repeat length of Neurospora chromatin is reported to be unusually short, whereas that of Entomophthora was found to be typical of the repeat lengths observed for chromatins of higher eukaryotes. Thus, repeat length, at least in fungi, would not appear to be directly determined by the basicity of the fungal cognate of histone HI. PMID- 6685050 TI - Isolation of cell lines from differentiating embryonal carcinoma cultures. AB - We report the isolation of six cell lines (designated EB cell lines) from cultures of the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase-deficient (HGPRT ) feeder-dependent embryonal carcinoma cell line PSA4TG12 which have undergone in vitro differentiation, and of clonal derivatives of these lines. Whereas some lines possess quasi-diploid karyotypes similar to that of PSA4TG12, others are markedly aneuploid. Cell line EB26/1 and its clonal derivatives undergo adipogenesis in cultures maintained at confluence; in tumours formed by injection into syngeneic mice they produce muscle-like cells, cartilage and bone in addition to adipose cells. We therefore propose that EB26/1 and its clones are aneuploid derivatives of an uncommitted mesodermal cell. Cell line EB28/5 forms tumours with a histological appearance resembling that of yolk sac carcinoma but does not express biochemical markers characteristic of visceral or parietal endoderm. Cell line EB28/10n has a myoblast-like culture morphology and in tumours is capable of producing muscle-like cells, cartilage and bone. A high specific activity of alkaline phosphatase is present is two of five EB cell lines assayed, and plasminogen activator activity is present in all five. Since the EB cell lines represent populations of cells each expressing a particular subset of the genetic information present in a common ancestral genome, they will be invaluable for studying the developmental regulation of gene expression. PMID- 6685051 TI - Lesions of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus do not change thresholds for hypothalamic defensive attack in cats. AB - Electrolytic lesions of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (nMD) were made in 10 cats to evaluate their effects on thresholds for hypothalamic defensive attack and emotional reactivity to noxious stimuli. Only 2 cats showed minimal threshold changes after the lesions, one of which was accompanied by an increased emotional reactivity to noxious stimuli; however, this was attributed to damage to the fornical column. The nMD appeared not to be involved directly in the central mechanism of defensive attack. PMID- 6685052 TI - Evoked ventromedial hypothalamic activity: changes produced by drugs which modify female sexual behavior in the rat. AB - The effect of several pharmacologic agents on the field potential and multiunit responses evoked in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) by single shocks applied to the anterior part of the amygdaloid nucleus and the posterior part of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus was investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) and proestrous (PRO) rats using a combined infusion cannula and recording electrode. The local infusion of carbamylcholine and eserine incremented the multiunitary responses, whereas atropine, hexamethonium, and hemicholinium suppressed the multiunit responses and, in the case of atropine, the field response also. The onset of the suppressive effect of hemicholinium depended on the activation of the amygdaloid input. Phenoxybenzamine, methysergide, and picrotoxin increased the multiunitary evoked responses in OVX, but phenoxybenzamine and methysergide had no effect on PRO rats. On the contrary, propanolol suppressed the response. Because a good correlation can be observed between the effects of drugs on evoked responses and on sexual behavioral responses (lordosis) of the female rat as reported in the literature, the results are compatible with the hypothesis that (a) amygdaloid influences on sexual behavior are exerted through modifications of neuron activity in the VMN, (b) this influence involves the activation of a cholinergic synapse, and (c) catecholaminergic, GABAergic, and serotoninergic inputs modulate VMN neuron responses to activity originated in the amygdala. PMID- 6685054 TI - Morphometric investigations on endocrine glands. VI. Point counting in th thyroid gland. AB - The component distributions in a dog thyroid section are found to be inhomogeneous in a different degree. Therefore special conditions are needed in morphometrical research of such tissues to get accurate results, e.g. a sufficiently large area. The net point distance may reach 400 microns for test series, and 1,000 or more hits are enough for an acceptable representative value. The often observed zonal heterogeneity for the colloid and epithelium is diminished and blurred if the relative colloid percentage is high. The interstitium values show an anisotropic distribution in the gland. The epithelium: colloid ratio seems to be higher around larger areas of interstitium in relation to the data of the total section, but no high correlation between these both parameters was observed. PMID- 6685053 TI - The ultrastructure of various cell types in the lung of the rat: a survey. PMID- 6685055 TI - The immunogenicity of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in athymic nude mice. AB - Experiments were carried out to determine whether athymic nude (nu/nu) mice are capable of producing circulating antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). By a double antibody radioimmunoassay technique, no antiCEA activity was detected in the sera of normal nude mice, nude mice bearing any one of four types of CEA positive human colonic tumour xenografts or nude mice immunized with a purified CEA preparation. Conversely, we were able to demonstrate antiCEA activity in the sera of euthymic (+/+) Balb/c and heterozygote nude (nu/+) mice immunized by the same schedule. We conclude that nude mice do not produce significant amounts of circulating antiCEA in response to CEA, whether present in colorectal tumour xenografts or in the immunization schedule used. The immunogenicity of CEA in other xenograft systems and man is compared and contrasted to that in the nude mouse, and the significance of differences discussed with respect to the use of the nude-mouse-human-xenograft system as a model for human colonic cancer. PMID- 6685056 TI - Bone changes in mice after prolonged continuous exposure to a high concentration of carbon monoxide. AB - Quantitative and qualitative pathological changes in mouse bones are described after continuous exposure to 0.24% v/v of carbon monoxide in air for periods of up to 180 days. Planimetric measurements of five bones (parietal bone, sternum, lumbar vertebrae, ribs and shafts of femurs) showed a considerable increase in the amount of bone tissue in all bones except the femurs. The greatest amount of new bone formation was found, in decreasing order, in the skull, ribs, lumbar vertebrae and sternal segments. The cortex of the femur shafts showed some thinning, although there was more trabecular bone in the metaphyses. At the same time an expansion of marrow cavities was found in ribs, parietal bones and femurs. Possible pathomechanisms responsible for the excessive bone formation are explored. It is suggested that an increased rate of blood flow through the bone and marrow tissues played an important role. PMID- 6685057 TI - Aldehyde content of collagen from liver of rats with collagen-like syndrome. AB - Collagen was obtained from liver tissue of rats with hydralazine-induced collagen like syndrome. Bacterial collagenase was used to solubilize the collagen, and the aldehyde content of this material was measured using N-methyl benzothiazolone hydrazone. The aldehyde content was decreased in the in the collagen from livers of rats with collagen-like syndrome. The changes in hepatic collagen may be analogous to the effect of aging on collagen, wherein collagen cross-linking is strengthened although qualitative changes in cross-linking may lower the measurable aldehydes. PMID- 6685058 TI - A rat brain protein kinase phosphorylating specifically neurofilaments. AB - Protein kinase activities associated with neurofilament (cAMP, cGMP, Ca2+ independent) were almost completely extracted by 0.8 M KC1. Two activities were separated by either sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of phosphocellulose chromatography. One of them phosphorylates specifically neurofilament proteins and preferentially the triplet (200 kDa, 145 kDa and 68 kDa) but neither casein nor type IIA histone. The second activity was identified as casein kinase I and does not catalyze the phosphorylation of neurofilament protein. PMID- 6685059 TI - Common evolutionary origin of the fibrin-binding structures of fibronectin and tissue-type plasminogen activator. AB - Comparison of the primary structures of high-Mr urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activator reveals a high degree of structural homology between the two proteins, except that tissue activator contains a 43 residue long amino terminal region, which has no counterpart in urokinase. We show that this segment is homologous with the finger-domains responsible for the fibrin-affinity of fibronectin. Limited proteolysis of the amino-terminal region of plasminogen activator was found to lead to a loss of the fibrin-affinity of the enzyme. It is suggested that the finger-domains of fibronectin and tissue-types plasminogen activator have similar functions and that the finger-domains of the two proteins evolved from a common ancestral fibrin-binding domain. PMID- 6685060 TI - Cytoplasmic contractile elements in glomerular cells. AB - The presence and possible roles of cytoplasmic contractile elements in glomerular epithelial podocytes and the glomerular mesangium are briefly discussed. Glomerular podocytes contain actinlike filaments distributed throughout their cytoplasm and more concentrated filamentous material within their foot processes. Antibody labeling and nitrobenzoxadiazole-phallacidin labeling have confirmed the presence of especially high concentrations of actin within podocyte foot processes. Studies with cytochalasins have suggested that contraction of actin within podocytes leads to a flattening of foot processes and a loss of the intervening filtration slits. Conversely, relaxation of these contractile elements leads to a narrowing of the bases of foot processes and an increase in the number of fully open intervening filtration slits. These observations have led to the proposal that glomerular podocytes have the potential to regulate the glomerular filtration rate by changing the shapes of their foot processes and thereby decreasing or increasing the number of filtration slits available for solute efflux across the glomerular wall. There is also evidence to indicate the presence of contractile elements within the glomerular mesangium. These contractile elements may be represented in part by bundles of fine filaments associated with electron-dense bodies that are present within many processes that radiate from these cells. In vitro studies in particular have suggested that these cells may possess contractile properties. It has been proposed that contraction of the mesangial cells may lead to a shunting of blood within the glomerulus or to a decrease in glomerular size. PMID- 6685061 TI - Effects of naloxone infusion on basal and breast-stimulation-induced prolactin secretion in puerperal women. AB - The effects of naloxone infusion on plasma prolactin (PRL) levels and on the PRL response to mechanical breast emptying were investigated in a group of puerperal women, Five, 10, and 20 mg naloxone administered to women on days 2 to 3 of the puerperium produced no significant change in serum PRL. The same dose of naloxone had no significant effect on serum PRL response to mechanical breast stimulation in puerperal women. The results suggest that endogenous opioid peptides are not major modulators of PRL secretion in the puerperium. PMID- 6685062 TI - [Role of hypothalamic monoamines in the pathogenesis of sexual dysfunction caused by hyperandrogenization]. PMID- 6685064 TI - A study of antero-posterior load transfer in total hip replacement using a modelling technique. PMID- 6685063 TI - [Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in parathyroid disorders, with special reference to its changes before and after parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism]. AB - It is possible to assess bone resorption from a determination of urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, which is the specific amino-acid of collagen. As dietary collagen affects 24-hour urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, it has been stated that the urine should be collected under a gelatin-free diet. A new sampling method was described in the present paper for the determination of hydroxyproline in urine, which could eliminate the affection of dietary collagen by simple fasting. The method was useful for the evaluation of bone metabolism in patients with parathyroid disorders. 10 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (3 skeletal types and 7 non-skeletal types), 3 patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and 5 normal subjects were studied. It was found that the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline increased at night and diminished during the day in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism as well as in normal subjects, but this diurnal rhythm was not clear in a patient with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. A pilot study revealed that 10 g gelatin administered orally did not affect the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline after a 12-hour fast. Therefore, 2-hour urine samples (700 h-900 h) were collected, and blood samples were drawn at 800 h after a 13-hour fasting from 1800 h on the previous day to 700 h in the morning studied. The urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was expressed as follows: HOP (microgram/ml)/Cr(mg/dl). The 2-hour urinary excretion of hydroxyproline thus determined was highly correlated with that determined in 24-hour urine collected under a gelatin-free diet (r = 0.995, p less than 0.001) and with the total serum alkaline phosphatase activity (r = 0.987, p less than 0.001). The levels of 2-hour urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in normal subjects were 0.18-0.28 in range, and those in patients with the skeletal type of primary hyperparathyroidism were high. However, the levels were not always higher than those in the patients with the non-skeletal type, in which cases the 2-hour excretion of hydroxyproline was higher than 0.50 except in one patient. The 9 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who had elevated levels of the 2-hour urinary excretion of hydroxyproline showed tetany after parathyroidectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6685065 TI - A new approach to the fixation of a metacarpophalangeal joint prosthesis. PMID- 6685066 TI - Medical engineering: meetings on research priorities. PMID- 6685068 TI - Bioengineering at Durham University. PMID- 6685067 TI - Biomedical engineering training in Dundee. PMID- 6685069 TI - Education in bioengineering: experience at the University of Leeds. PMID- 6685070 TI - Medical biophysics in Manchester. PMID- 6685071 TI - The masters degree in bioengineering at the University of Strathclyde. PMID- 6685072 TI - Bio-medical engineering at Trent Polytechnic. PMID- 6685073 TI - Muscle capillary basement membrane width and its relationship to diabetes mellitus in monozygotic twins. AB - Quadriceps (Q) and gastrocnemius (G) muscle capillary basement membrane width (CBMW) were measured in 18 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins. Thirteen of these twin pairs were discordant for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) and five pairs were concordant for either IDD (two pairs) or for non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD). In 12 of the 13 nondiabetic (ND) twin mates of IDD, 50 oral glucose tolerance tests performed in the years before or after determination of CBMW revealed mean blood glucose levels in the 36-52 percentile range, compared with normal controls. The mean (+/-SD) age at the onset of IDD in discordant twins was 18.7 +/- 10.1 (range 8-37) yr and the mean duration of discordance at the time of biopsy was 13.6 +/- 8.3 (range 3-32) yr. CBMW data were compared within each twin (Q versus G) and between twin mates and age- and sex-matched controls. Overall, CBMW of IDD twins was greater than that of their ND twin mates. Differences between IDD and ND twins, however, were much more marked in gastrocnemius (1859 +/- 643 versus 1222 +/- 307 A, P less than 0.0003) than in quadriceps (1291 +/- 319 versus 1112 +/- 302 A; P less than 0.04). CBMW in gastrocnemius was significantly thicker than that in the quadriceps of IDD twins (t = 4.55, P less than 0.0008) but not in their ND twin mates (t = 1.15, P less than 0.27). CMBW was significantly thicker in IDD than in their ND twin mates (in quadriceps and/or gastrocnemius) in 10 of the 12 twin pairs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685075 TI - Biological fate of the vitamin A transporting protein complex and beta-carotene after excessive dietary intake. Report of a case. AB - Epidemiological surveys indicate a relationship between the occurrence of cancer and vitamin A status. Potential accumulation and toxicity of vitamin A and its derivatives limit its therapeutical use. Administration of carotenoids is perhaps more promising, but information about biological and kinetic behaviour is scarce. This article deals with the prospective investigation of the kinetics of beta carotene and vitamin A in a patient with excessive oral dietary intake. Normalization took 17 months after refraining from excessive intake of beta carotene while consuming a vegetarian diet. Apparently high levels of beta carotene and vitamin A were not associated with toxicity phenomena in our patient. We, therefore, wonder whether dietary supplementation of carotenoids and vitamin A should be considered in research protocols regarding prevention and/or treatment of (pre)malignant conditions. Dietary supplementation of carotenoids, without apparent toxicity in our patient, should, therefore, be considered as an alternative in the prevention and/or treatment of (pre)malignant conditions. Further study of kinetics is, however, mandatory. PMID- 6685074 TI - Muscle capillary basement membrane in identical twins discordant for insulin dependent diabetes. AB - Although hereditary factors clearly modulate susceptibility to develop diabetes, their role as determinants of vascular complications associated with diabetes remains unclear. These studies were undertaken to further assess the extent to which capillary basement membrane thickening (CBMT) is governed by metabolic derangements associated with relative or absolute insulin deficiency versus genetic determinants of vascular disease closely linked to but independent of those modulating susceptibility to develop relative or absolute insulin deficiency. Quadriceps muscle capillary basement membranes obtained by needle biopsy were examined in eight pairs of identical twins discordant for insulin dependent diabetes (IDD) for 11-29 yr. Biopsy material from one of the diabetic twins was technically unsuitable for study. The average CBM width of the IDD twins was found to be significantly thicker than that of their nondiabetic (ND) twin mates (t = 2.50, P less than 0.025). Three IDD, but none of the ND twins, had basement membrane width values in excess of 95% upper tolerance intervals for age- and sex-matched controls with no family history of diabetes. The absence of CBMT in all of the ND twins and in four of the IDD twins with diabetes of 15-24 yr duration argues against the existence, in this group of subjects, of hereditary determinants of diabetic vascular disease linked to those governing susceptibility to develop diabetes. In addition, the absence of CBMT in four subjects with IDD of 15-24 yr duration is consistent with evidence from other studies indicating that diabetic microangiopathy is not an inevitable consequence of the diabetic milieu.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685076 TI - The site of action of lithium ions in morphogenesis of Lymnaea stagnalis analyzed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. AB - Exogastrulation as a disturbance of development in eggs of Lymnaea stagnalis is caused by the action of LiCl at the second cleavage stage and not at the first or third. The percentage of exogastrulae formed is strongly concentration dependent. To determine the site of action of lithium ions, the cellular contents of Li, C, Na, Mg, P, K, and Ca were analyzed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The mean elemental concentrations of Na, Mg, K, and Ca are close to those found earlier by electron probe microanalysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Lymnaea eggs at the first, second, and third cleavage stage were treated with LiCl in a series of concentrations ranging from 50 to 0.1 mM. In all cases the cells contained a few mM lithium after treatment. After treatment at the insensitive first cleavage stage the lithium content is carried over by the cells through the sensitive second cleavage to the insensitive third cleavage stage. These data allow the conclusion that it is the external lithium concentration which is responsible for the specific effect. This presents direct analytical evidence that the primary action of lithium ions is located at the cell membrane. PMID- 6685077 TI - Histone gene expression in early development of Xenopus laevis. Analysis of histone mRNA in oocytes and embryos by blot-hybridization and cell-free translation. AB - This study comprises the hybridization analysis of electrophoretically separated histone mRNAs from oocytes and embryos of Xenopus laevis, and analysis of in vitro translation products of these mRNAs on polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or Triton X-100. In oocytes and embryos up to the tailbud stage, four types of mRNAs complementary to histone H2B DNA and two complementary to histone H4 DNA can be discriminated by their different electrophoretic mobilities on polyacrylamide gels. Electrophoretic heterogeneity was not detected for messengers for histones H2A and H3. Histone mRNA, purified by hybridization under stringent conditions with a cloned histone gene cluster, was used to direct histone protein synthesis in a wheat-germ cell free system. The proteins synthesized comigrate with purified marker histones when electrophoresed on SDS-gels or acid-urea gels containing Triton X-100. When hybrid-selected histone mRNAs from oocytes and embryos in different developmental stages are translated, the proteins made by the mRNA from one stage can not be discriminated from those made by the mRNA from another stage after electrophoresis on SDS-gels or acid urea Triton X-100 gels. PMID- 6685079 TI - [Effect of thrombin on functional activity of macrophages and lymphocytes]. PMID- 6685078 TI - Renal protein degradation: a biochemical target of specific nephrotoxicants. AB - Protein degradation in the kidney occurs mainly in lysosomes, organelles which may also accumulate nephrotoxic chemicals. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of intracellular accumulation of gentamicin, cephaloridine and cisplatin on lysosomal digestion of the protein lysozyme. Gentamicin (15 or 30 mg/kg/day for 3 or 5 days), cisplatin (2.5 or 5 mg/kg) or cephaloridine (500, 1000, 2000 or 2500 mg/kg) was administered ip to male Wistar rats. The main site of the nephrotoxic effects of these compounds was the proximal tubule where these agents differentially affected S1, S2 and/or S3 segments. A 2- and 4-fold increase of the excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was observed in the urine from cisplatin- and gentamicin-treated rats, respectively; no change in enzyme excretion occurred after cephaloradine. One hour prior to sacrifice, rat were given 0.3 mg of unlabelled lysozyme in combination with 125I-lysozyme in 0.3 mL saline. Renal cortical slices were prepared and incubated for 15, 30, 60 and 90 min. Release of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) soluble radioactivity into the medium was assumed to quantify lysosomal degradation of lysozyme. Accumulation of p-amino-hippurate (PAH) in renal cortical slices and changes in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration were used as indices of renal damage. TCA-soluble radioactivity increased in the medium from kidney slices from control rats to 50% of the total radioactivity after 90 min incubation. In gentamicin-treated rats, lysozyme degradation was significantly decreased by doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg/day after 3 and 5 days of exposure in the absence of any changes in BUN or PAH accumulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685081 TI - Egg-laying hormone: direct action on the ovotestis of Aplysia. AB - The bag cells are a group of neuroendocrine cells located in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. These cells induce egg laying in the animal through the release of neurohormone(s). Previous experiments established that an extract of bag cells releases eggs from isolated ovotestis fragments in a dose dependent manner. (F. E. Dudek and S. S. Tobe, 1978, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 36, 618-627.) Experiments presented here were conducted to purify and identify the component(s) of bag cell extract with the egg-releasing activity. Bag cell extracts were fractionated by means of gel-filtration chromatography followed by cation-exchange chromatography. Column eluates were assayed for egg-release activity on isolated ovotestis fragments by the method of Dudek and Tobe (1978). Only one component purified from the crude extract had egg-releasing activity. This component was identified as egg-laying hormone (ELH) based on its purification characteristics, effects on neuronal activity, and migration on thin layer chromatography. In dose-response studies egg release increased with the concentration of ELH and had a threshold of 8 X 10(-10) M or less. ELH had the same dose-response relationship in egg release assays when present in purified form or as a component of bag cell extract. These data show that ELH acts directly on the ovotestis and that ELH is the only component of bag cell extract with egg-release activity. Taken with the results of other studies (W. D. Branton, S. Arch, T. Smock, and E. Mayeri, 1978. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 5732-5736. B. S. Rothman, P. Brownell, and E. Mayeri, 1979. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 5, 260. E. Mayeri and B. S. Rothman, 1982.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685080 TI - Specificity of ovulation hormones of some basommatophoran species studied by means of iso- and heterospecific injections. AB - Isospecific injections of intercerebral commissure (COM) extracts of L. stagnalis, L. palustris, and L. ovata (Lymnaeidae) and of extracts of COM/mediodorsal bodies complexes (COM/DB) of Bulinus truncatus (Bulinidae) and Biomphalaria glabrata (Planorbidae) induced oviposition in a high percentage of the experimental snails. Positive results of heterospecific injections between the first three species indicated a likely structural similarity of the ovulation hormones within the genus Lymnaea. The hormones of Lymnaea, Bulinus, and Biomphalaria, however, appeared to be different (negative results of heterogeneric injections). PMID- 6685082 TI - [Quantitative dose-effect relationships of the mutagenic action of X-rays on the sex cells of the malaria mosquito Anopheles messeae]. AB - Inseminated females of Anopheles messeae were irradiated by X-rays (1.2 and 3 kR). Estimation of mutagenic effect on the embryonic (dominant lethals) and the postembryonic (chromosomal rearrangements) stages of the development of the F1 offspring is presented. The frequency of dominant lethals varies in accordance with the dosage and the stage of maturity of oocytes. The embryonic lethality depends on induced defects of female sex cells. The frequency of chromosomal rearrangements increases to 3.2, 11.6 and 18.2%. It is suggested that the aberrations are formed by spermatozoa chromosomes, but not by those of oocytes. PMID- 6685083 TI - [Human and mouse somatic cell hybrids with different parental genome ratios]. AB - Some properties of four hybrids between continuous mouse cells Rag and human diploid embryonal fibroblasts were described. During initial four months after fusion, hybrid cells with the parental genome ratio 1 mouse (m) - 1 human (h) were displaced by cells with the ratio 2m - 1h and 3m - 1h. Further passages lead to selection of cells with 10-12 human chromosomes and two and three chromosome sets of Rag cells. PMID- 6685084 TI - [Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in the chromosomes of the blood lymphocytes of rats after iodine-131 incorporation into the body]. AB - Mutagenic effect of iodine-131 was studied in vivo by the analysis of chromosome aberrations (Chr.A.) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes in white rats. Incorporated iodine-131 induced Chr.A. and increased the SCE frequency. A great quantity of the former was preserved for a long period of time after a single introduction of iodine-131 into the body of rats, the latter being increased with reducing dose rate and decreasing the number of Chr.A. PMID- 6685086 TI - [Possible mechanisms of the origination of chromosomal restructurings. III. The role of chromosome association and isolation]. AB - The kinetics of early appearance of chromosome breaks and exchanges (5-60 min after ionizing irradiation) in pea roots, in primary culture of embryonal fibroblasts of BALB mice and in chinese hamster cells BIId-ii-FAF-28 has been studied. It was found that chromosome resistance to irradiation increases during mitosis as fast as the process of chromosome isolation is advanced (the latter prevents the interchromosome and interchromatid contacts). From the outset of activation of sister chromatids isolation (i.e. from the end of prophase in pea and mouse cells, and from the beginning of prophase in hamster cells), the chromosomes "cease" to respond to irradiation. The prolongation of the period of isolation of sister chromatids in mouse cells by means of colchicine results in prolongation of the "insensitivity" period. A causal relationship between the chromosome isolation phenomenon and the increase in their radiosensitivity is supposed to exist. The importance of chromosome association and isolation in formation of chromosome breaks and exchanges is discussed. PMID- 6685085 TI - [Genetic endocrine and ethological mechanisms of differential reproduction. I. A comparative genetic analysis of the basal testosterone level in the blood plasma and the relative weight of the testicles and accessory sex glands in male laboratory mice]. AB - Comparative genetic study of the basal plasma testosterone level, relative weights of testicles, seminal vesicles, and preputial glands in 13 strains of laboratory mice showed significant interstrain differences in all indices studied. Under the relative rest condition, a significant positive interstrain (genotypic) correlation was found between basal blood testosterone level and the weight of preputial glands and testicles. At the same time, no intrastrain (paratypic) correlations between hormonal and morphometric indices under study were found. An important positive and highly significant paratypic correlative dependence was seen between the relative weights of seminal vesicles and preputial glands. PMID- 6685088 TI - [Variability and hereditability of neurodynamic and psychodynamic parameters in human populations]. AB - The authors elaborate the population-genetic approach to study the genetic basis of individual psychological differences. Psychodynamic parameters characterized by a more complex organization tend to be more phenotypically variable and less hereditable, as compared with parameters of lower organization levels. The results obtained are interpreted in relation to the genetic and social structure of populations. PMID- 6685087 TI - [Polymorphic biochemical systems in the population of immigrant inhabitants of the northeastern USSR. II. Genotypic distances between groups of persons with a varying duration of living under extreme environmental conditions]. AB - Analysis of the differences in the groups examined for phenotypes and genes has shown that the longer dwelling in the regions of the extreme conditions, the greater changes are in the genetic structure of separate selections with "retreating" from middle latitudes'population and "approaching" the aboriginal one of the North-East. This "dynamics" is mostly pronounced in men and groups characterized by very long dwelling in the region; the differences between representatives of both sexes are maximal. A slightly more isolated position is occupied by the genetic structure of individuals living in the North from the birth. The data obtained allow to assume that the genetic structure of the man's population being formed in the extreme conditions, tends to the ecological fit on account of the selectivity of migratory behaviour. The ecological fit of separate genotypes may well be assumed to be different for representatives of both sexes and on different stages of ontogenesis. PMID- 6685089 TI - [Multivariate genetic analysis of the neurodynamic and psychodynamic parameters in human populations]. AB - The first attempt at using multivariate genetic analysis to study the neurodynamic and psychodynamic levels of individual organization in Daghestan isolates is described. The absence of close similarity between dendrograms of templates of phenotypical and genotypical correlations is explained by lower heritability of the parameters under study. Interpopulation differences revealed by the multivariate genetic analysis are the result of differences in the genetic and social structures of the populations. PMID- 6685090 TI - [Q- and C-band polymorphism of the chromosomes in a group of patients with the Shereshevskii-Turner syndrome]. AB - Q- and C-band polymorphism of heterochromatic regions of chromosomes were studied in a group of patients with Turner's syndrome (30 girls with the karyotype 45, X) and in 105 normal individuals. No significant differences in the frequencies of Q polymorphic variants for the most part of chromosomes studied (with the exception of chromosome 13 satellites) were obtained between patients with Turner's syndrome and the control. There were no differences in the mean number of Q variants per individual in both groups investigated. An increase in the frequency of large C-segments of chromosome 9 was detected in patients with Turner's syndrome. An increase in the frequency of individuals carrying a combination of several extreme variants in the individual karyotype was found for patients with Turner's syndrome. The differences revealed are of non-specific character for a given form of developmental pathology. PMID- 6685091 TI - [Distribution of acetylator phenotypes in the Moscow population]. AB - The data concerning distribution of acetylator phenotypes in Moscow city population are presented. 169 adults (96 women and 73 men) were tested by the Evans' method. The percentages of rapid and slow acetylators were 48 and 52%, respectively. PMID- 6685092 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the inverted terminal repetition of the tree shrew adenovirus DNA. AB - The termini of the tupaia (tree shrew) adenovirus (TAV) DNA have been sequenced. The inverted terminal repetitions (ITR) are 166 bp long containing the A + T rich, highly conserved sequence present in all adenovirus DNAs so far analysed. An unusual feature within the TAV ITR is the presence of four sets of a conserved sequence TGACCG which occur at or near the ends of many adenovirus ITR. PMID- 6685093 TI - [Effect of vibration on the immune response induced by thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens]. PMID- 6685094 TI - Audiometric monitoring of cis-platinum ototoxicity. AB - A prospective study was performed on 37 patients receiving 50 mg/m2 of cis platinum every 3 to 4 weeks. These patients received a baseline audiogram evaluation and subsequent testing before each dose. Ototoxicity was noted to occur in 46% of the patients during therapy. Fourteen percent of this group showed a hearing loss in the speech frequency range. Four variables were analyzed to determine their correlative value for subsequent ototoxicity: (i) Pretreatment (baseline) audiograms, (ii) cumulative dose in milligrams, (iii) dosage in milligrams per square meter, and (iv) mean serum creatinine. Of these parameters, only a pretreatment abnormal audiogram was shown to have a prognostic value at a level of P = 0.095. Recommendations for audiometric monitoring of this high-risk group are discussed. PMID- 6685095 TI - [Effects of 2-(4-methylaminobutoxy) diphenylmethane hydrochloride (MCI-2016), an omega-aminoalkoxybenzene derivative, on the gastric lesions induced by conditioned emotional stimulus]. AB - Effects of 2-(4-methylaminobutoxy) diphenylmethane hydrochloride (MCI-2016) were studied on gastric lesions induced by conditioned emotional stimulus (CES) in mice. The gastric were produced by the communication box reported by Ogawa et al. The communication box was divided into 48 compartments by transparent plastic walls. Twenty-four mice in each compartment were subjected to footshock through the grid on the floor (sender), and the other 24 mice were not (responder). The mice were subjected to CES for 12 hr. The incidences of the gastric lesions in the responder and sender groups were 72.9 and 98.8%, respectively. MCI-2016 at doses of 20-50 mg/kg (X2), p.o., reduced the incidence of gastric lesions in the responder group; and diazepam at a dose of 2 mg/kg (X2), imipramine at doses of 10 and 20 mg/g (X2), p.o., amitriptyline at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, (X2), p.o., and sulpiride 100 mg/kg (X2) reduced the incidences of gastric lesions in the responder group. These findings have indicated that MCI-2016 has an antiulcerative action against gastric erosion induced by CES. PMID- 6685096 TI - [Effect of methamphetamine on morphine preference]. AB - The effect of methamphetamine on preference for morphine was studied in rats by the drug-admixed food (DAF) method. The preference rates for morphine-admixed food gradually increased by the repetition of choice and forced trials and then became stable at the level of 70%. On the other hand, the preference rates for morphine-admixed food combined with methamphetamine did not so increase compared with the case of morphine alone. From the taste aversion test, it was assumed that combination of morphine and methamphetamine did not enhance taste aversion, although methamphetamine suppressed development of preference for morphine. In the case of combination of morphine and cocaine or caffeine, preference rates for these drugs increased like the case of morphine. This result indicated that the suppression of the preference for morphine which was induced by methamphetamine was not produced by the general effect of CNS stimulants. We found that methamphetamine suppressed the development of the preference for morphine. These findings suggest that the suppression resulted from neither taste aversion nor the general effect of CNS stimulants. Furthermore, acute toxicity and other effects were enhanced by the combination of morphine and methamphetamine, and it might participate with the suppression. PMID- 6685097 TI - Effects of reproductive state on vocalizations in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). AB - Vocalizations and behavior of a group of 6 squirrel monkeys, 2 males and 4 females, were recorded during the nonbreeding and breeding seasons. Behavioral and physical criteria were used to determine the presence of estrus. During the breeding season the types of vocalizations uttered by estrous females changed, and the adult male increased his rate of vocalizing. Err vocalizations by estrous females were associated with increased following and initiation of affiliative behavior with the adult male, and may have functioned to facilitate these interactions. Errs appeared to be related to changes in female reproductive state rather than to the behavior of others. The adult male increased vocalizations associated with sexual and aggressive behavior (squeals and cackles), primarily in response to the estrous females' persistent initiation of interactions with him. We concluded that certain vocalizations in Saimiri reflected changes in the reproductive state of males and females, and functioned to mediate changes in social bonding during the breeding season. PMID- 6685098 TI - [Laser and cryocoagulation as treatment for "small" choroidal melanomas]. PMID- 6685099 TI - The repair of aphakic detachments with a temporary balloon buckle and without drainage. PMID- 6685100 TI - [Disorders of erythropoiesis and the immune system caused by alcohol. 1. Erythropoiesis]. PMID- 6685101 TI - [Physical performance and risk factors of ischemic heart disease in a sample of healthy men in the Bratislava population]. PMID- 6685102 TI - [Polygraphic findings in patients with hypertension after physical training]. PMID- 6685103 TI - [Holter monitoring of the electrocardiogram during a sauna]. PMID- 6685104 TI - [The cold test and repeated saunas in patients with essential hypertension]. PMID- 6685106 TI - [The effect of hyperbaric pressure and indomethacin on non-specific immunity in rats]. PMID- 6685105 TI - [The effect of saunas on the physical activity of patients with ankylosing spondylitis at the beginning and end of spa therapy]. PMID- 6685107 TI - [The effect of simulated and natural hypobaric pressure on the biotransformation function of the rat liver in vitro]. PMID- 6685108 TI - The influence of portosystemic shunting on zinc and vitamin A metabolism in liver cirrhosis. AB - To elucidate the possible role of portosystemic shunting on zinc and vitamin A deficiency which has been described in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, a study on 37 hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis was performed. Patients with surgical portosystemic shunt were found to have a significantly lower levels of zinc, vitamin A and retinol-binding protein (RBP) than controls and patients with cirrhosis without shunt. Patients with portal hypertension--considered to have spontaneous shunting--also has lower levels than those without this symptom. A significant correlation between zinc and vitamin A and RBP levels, respectively, was found. Also an increased renal zinc output was demonstrated. An influence of portosystemic shunting on zinc deficiency and subsequent vitamin A deficiency by decreased RBP release is concluded. The importance of these metabolic disorders for clinical symptoms is discussed. PMID- 6685109 TI - Metoclopramide in lactational failure. PMID- 6685110 TI - Tall right precordial R waves in members of a family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - We recently observed a family with tall R waves from V1 to V3 in different relatives, regardless of the actual presence and localization of idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6685111 TI - Birthweight and perinatal mortality: I. On the frequency distribution of birthweight. AB - Perinatal mortality is closely related to birthweight. Hence the study of perinatal mortality requires a sound understanding of the influence of birthweight on perinatal mortality. This paper discusses one aspect of this problem--the frequency distribution of birthweight. This distribution is essentially Gaussian but with additional births in the lower tail. It can therefore be divided into two components--a predominant (Gaussian) distribution and a residual distribution. The complete distribution can be summarized by three parameters: the mean and the standard deviation of the predominant distribution, and the proportion of births in the residual distribution. This paper shows that the predominant distribution is composed largely of term births, while the residual distribution is composed almost entirely of small preterm births. It also shows that the three parameters together help to explain the apparent paradox that male infants suffer a higher perinatal mortality than females despite there being fewer light male births. PMID- 6685114 TI - The use of impedance measurements in the diagnosis of serous otitis media. AB - The use of impedance tympanometry is discussed as part of an integrated hearing conservation programme for children. A research project in Worcester followed through a cohort of over 1000 children and tested them in three phases-pre-school entrance; school entrance and approximately 8-12 months after school entrance. At each phase of the programme 3 stages of test were devised to ensure that the ENT facilities were not overloaded with false positive cases of OME. The problems of the staging are discussed, including reasons why cases were probably missed in earlier phases. 25 cases of persistent OME were found which were confirmed at operation. 9 passed through phase 1 and persisted into phases 2 and 3 of the test series. The conclusion is reached that in 18 of the 25 cases the condition persisted from the pre-school phase. PMID- 6685112 TI - Birthweight and perinatal mortality: II. On weight-specific mortality. AB - The study of perinatal mortality requires a sound understanding of the influence of birthweight on perinatal mortality. This paper discusses one aspect of this problem--the pattern of weight-specific mortality. Mortality is very high at the lowest birthweights, falls to a minimum within the range of the most frequent birthweights, but rises again for the heaviest birthweights. Such a curve is best displayed and modelled by plotting the ratio of deaths to survivors on a logarithmic scale. Transformed in this way, perinatal risk may be regarded as the sum of three components--one independent of birthweight, one which decreases linearly with birthweight and one which increases linearly with birthweight. These two lines appear to have slopes of equal magnitude. Each is shown to represent general susceptibility to perinatal problems, rather than the cumulative effect of diseases specific to low birthweight or to high birthweight. PMID- 6685115 TI - Clinical chemical methods for the routine assessment of the vitamin status in human populations. Part I: The fat-soluble vitamins A and E, and beta-carotene. AB - Reliable HPLC methods for the routine determination of vitamin A (only retinol, not the ester) of beta-carotene and of vitamin E in plasma are described. The results found in 150 blood donors are reported; the correlation of the concentrations of vitamin A with retinol-binding protein and of vitamin E with beta-lipoproteins are calculated. PMID- 6685113 TI - Characterization of human choriocarcinoma cell lines secreting high and low amounts of chorionic gonadotropin. AB - The secretory potential of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in eight strains of human choriocarcinoma cell lines was examined in vitro and the correlation between the secretory potential and certain cell biological characteristics was studied. Multinucleated giant cells (syncytiotrophoblast-like cells) were occasionally observed only in high hCG-secreting cell lines in accordance with inhibition of growth. Appearance of abundant dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and aggregated glycogen particles in the cytoplasm seemed to represent ultrastructural characteristics of high hCG-secreting cell lines. A shift of nuclear DNA to hyperploidy, its wide distribution, and S phase accumulation of cells by flow cytometry were also characteristic of them. However, no correlation was noted between the hCG secretory potential and population doubling time of the cell lines in vitro. PMID- 6685117 TI - Observations on fighting dogs. PMID- 6685116 TI - Parenting knowledge among adolescent mothers. AB - The parenting knowledge of first-time adolescent mothers who chose to receive special services from the public school system was measured. These data are thought to be the first reported on the adolescent's awareness that parenting influences the present and future well-being of the infant and mother. Knowledge level was high and no different from that of adult primiparous mothers of comparable socioeconomic status. Correct response to individual items on the infant Caregiving Inventory (ICI) ranged from 84% to 96% for adolescents. These results are contrary to the previous reports of deficient parenting by adolescents. They reflect the need for continuing investigation of adolescent mothers' parenting knowledge in evaluating their effectiveness as parents. PMID- 6685118 TI - Esophagomyotomy for relief of an intrathoracic esophageal stricture in a horse. PMID- 6685119 TI - Cecal perforation and peritonitis associated with Anoplocephala perfoliata infection in three horses. PMID- 6685121 TI - Synthesis and biological evaluation of a 4-fluoromethyl monobactam analog. AB - The synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of (+/-)(cis)-3-[2-(2 aminothiazol-4-yl)-(Z)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]- 4-fluoromethyl-2-oxo-1 azetidinesulfonic acid, potassium salt are presented. PMID- 6685120 TI - Effects of gossypol on rat Sertoli and Leydig cells in primary culture and established cell lines. AB - In order to evaluate the direct effect of gossypol on testicular cells, we used primary cultures of rat Leydig and Sertoli cells. No alteration in Leydig cell survival, morphology, or testosterone production was seen during three days of culture with up to 3 microgram/ml gossypol. With higher concentrations (3 to 7 microgram/ml) of gossypol, there was a reduction in cell survival but no change in androgen secretion. In contrast, there was a marked change in Sertoli cell morphology after five days of gossypol treatment. Large vacuoles and electron dense granules appeared in the cytoplasm, but these effects were reversed within six days of removing gossypol from the medium. There was a significant decrease in androgen binding protein (ABP) secretion by Sertoli cells in the presence of gossypol. We also tested the effect of gossypol on the growth of three established cell lines. Two Sertoli-derived cell lines, TM4 and TR-ST, were more sensitive than a Leydig-derived cell line (TM3). These results suggest that, of the somatic cell types in the testis, the Sertoli cells are most sensitive to gossypol. PMID- 6685122 TI - Catatonia in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: case report. AB - A young woman with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and a history of "catatonic schizophrenia" proved to have had a prolonged previous episode of TTP with catatonic features. TTP may present with a variety of "mental" phenomena; its pathophysiology may prove to be relevant to psychiatry. As a treatable but potentially fatal disease, its recognition is important. PMID- 6685123 TI - Steady state kinetics of chloroperoxidase-catalyzed N-demethylation reactions. AB - The kinetic mechanism of the chloroperoxidase-catalyzed N-demethylation of N,N dimethylaniline supported by ethyl hydroperoxide was determined from initial rate and inhibition studies. When the concentration of N,N-dimethylaniline was varied in the presence of several different fixed concentrations of ethyl hydroperoxide, a double reciprocal plot of the data gave a series of parallel lines. Parallel lines were also observed when the data were plotted as a function of the concentration of ethyl hydroperoxide. A linear double reciprocal plot was obtained when the concentrations of both substrates were varied in a constant ratio. Competitive substrate inhibition was observed for N,N-dimethylaniline with a KI of 4.78 mM. Competitive substrate inhibition was also observed for ethyl hydroperoxide but the secondary replot of the slopes of the double reciprocal lines versus the concentrations of ethyl hydroperoxide intercepted the origin, indicating that no abortive binary complex between ethyl hydroperoxide and the enzyme was formed. These results suggested that the inhibition of the demethylation reaction by ethyl hydroperoxide was due to the reaction of ethyl hydroperoxide with chloroperoxidase compound I to evolve oxygen. N,N Dimethylaniline inhibited the chloroperoxidase-catalyzed evolution of oxygen from ethyl hydroperoxide with a KI (0.111 mM) essentially identical with its KM for demethylation (0.122 mM). The inhibition of the demethylation reaction by 2,5 dimethylfuran was competitive with respect to N,N-dimethylaniline and uncompetitive with respect to ethyl hydroperoxide, consistent with dead-end inhibition in a ping-pong system. The results of the initial rate and inhibition studies are consistent with a Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism as the minimal kinetic model for chloroperoxidase-catalyzed N-demethylation reactions. In this model, ethyl hydroperoxide reacts with chloroperoxidase to form the oxidized enzyme intermediate compound I with the concomitant release of ethanol. N,N Dimethylaniline then binds to compound I and is oxidized, resulting in the formation of N-methylaniline and formaldehyde and the regeneration of the native peroxidase. PMID- 6685124 TI - Solubilization of triolein and cholesteryl oleate in egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles. AB - The incorporation of cholesteryl oleate and triolein into phospholipid vesicles was studied in cosonicated mixtures of 94 weight % egg phosphatidylcholine and 6 weight % neutral lipid (0-6% triolein and 6-0% cholesteryl oleate). 13C NMR spectroscopy was used to quantitate both neutral lipids in vesicles containing 90% isotopically substituted [carbonyl-13C]cholesteryl oleate and [carbonyl 13C]triolein. Vesicles were also prepared with radiolabeled cholesteryl oleate and triolein and the composition of ultracentrifugal subfractions determined by chemical and radioisotopic methods. For a given starting composition, the incorporation of neutral lipids into vesicles was similar for vesicles prepared and analyzed by the two methodologies. The maximum solubility in vesicles prepared at 55 degrees C with a single neutral lipid was 3.1 weight % triolein (2.8 mol %) and 2.3 weight % cholesteryl oleate (2.8 mol %). In sonication mixtures with both triolein and cholesteryl oleate, the incorporation of each lipid into vesicles was proportional to the starting concentration; the total incorporation of neutral lipid was less than or equal to 4.0% (weight or mole per cent). The solubility limits were intermediate between the theoretical cases of complete additivity and complete competition. The [13C]carbonyl chemical shifts showed that the carbonyl groups of the vesicle-solubilized neutral lipids were close to the vesicle surface and that excess triolein and cholesteryl oleate partitioned into an oil phase containing both triolein and cholesteryl oleate. PMID- 6685125 TI - Amino acid sequence of ovine 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. AB - The amino acid sequence of the NADP+-dependent enzyme ovine 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase has been determined by conventional direct protein sequence analysis of peptides resulting from digestion of the protein with trypsin and chemical cleavages with cyanogen bromide, hydroxylamine, and iodosobenzoic acid. The polypeptide contains 466 amino acids and its NH2 terminus is acetylated. The Candida utilis enzyme is inactivated by reaction of pyridoxal phosphate with two lysine residues (Minchiotti, L., Ronchi, S., and Rippa, M. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 657, 232-242). These residues are conserved in the ovine enzyme. In contrast to NAD+ dehydrogenases which have weakly related sequences and spatially related folds in their nucleotide-binding sites, no significant sequence homologies were detected between 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and any of three other NADP+-requiring enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase, p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase, and dihydrofolate reductase. This is in accord with structural data that show no spatial relationship between NADP+-binding sites in these enzymes. PMID- 6685126 TI - Inhibitory regulation of adenylyl cyclase in the absence of stimulatory regulation. Requirements and kinetics of guanine nucleotide-induced inhibition of the cyc- S49 adenylyl cyclase. AB - cyc- S49 cell membranes contain an adenylyl cyclase activity which is stimulated by forskolin and inhibited by guanine nucleotides and NaF. These inhibitory effects are mediated by an inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component (Ni) affecting the adenylyl cyclase catalytic unit (Hildebrandt, J. D., Sekura, R. D., Codina, J., Iyengar, R., Manclark, C. R., and Birnbaumer, L. (1983) Nature (Lond.) 302, 706-709). Since cyc- S49 cells do not contain a stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component (Ns), these membranes were used to study the requirements and kinetics of activation of Ni in the absence of Ns. Activation of Ni by guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate was time dependent (i.e. hysteretic) and pseudo-irreversible. Although GTP and guanosine 5'-(beta-thio)diphosphate could prevent the inhibition caused by guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate if added simultaneously with it, they could not reverse the inhibited state induced by previous exposure to guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate. Activation of Ni had an absolute requirement for Mg2+. Unlike the activation of Ns, however, which requires millimolar concentrations of Mg2+ in the absence of hormonal stimulation, activation of Ni requires only micromolar concentrations of the divalent cation. These results support the contention that hormones which activate Ni or Ns do so by altering different parameters of a similar activation mechanism. PMID- 6685127 TI - A biosynthetic role for carnitine in the yeast Torulopsis bovina. AB - The mode of action of carnitine on the growth of the yeast Torulopsis bovina ATCC 26014 was investigated. When 0.5-5 microM L-carnitine was added to the medium, the growth rate doubled for both aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Cells grown in the absence of carnitine contain 0.4 nmol of L-carnitine/g, wet weight, but with 5 microM L-carnitine in the media, cells contain 1400 nmol of carnitine/g, wet weight, by the end of exponential growth. When [1-14C]acetyl-L-carnitine was added to growth media, almost all of the radioactivity became cell-associated. Most of the 14C was incorporated into cell protein although considerable 14C was recovered in the fatty acid fraction of saponified cells. Analyses of the amino acids derived from radiolabeled protein showed that the acetyl[14C] of acetylcarnitine was in glutamate, arginine, proline, leucine, and lysine. In contrast, [1-14C]acetate labeled leucine and lysine. Isopycnic density gradient analysis demonstrated that carnitine acetyltransferase was primarily associated with mitochondria, while acetyl-CoA synthetase and acetyl-CoA hydrolase were cytosolic. Isolated mitochondria incorporated [14C]acetylcarnitine radioactivity into citrate and 2-oxoglutarate. The data are consistent with carnitine facilitating the transfer of acetyl groups from the cytosol into mitochondria for synthesis of citrate and its metabolites. These results demonstrate a role for carnitine in biosyntheses in the yeast T. bovina. PMID- 6685130 TI - Ultrastructure of the dinoflagellate Polykrikos. I. Development of the nematocyst taeniocyst complex and morphology of the site for extrusion. AB - Development of the nematocyst-taeniocyst complex in the four-zooid stage of a dinoflagellate, Polykrikos kofoidi, was studied by electron microscopy. We observed the following stages: formation of large spherical bodies in islets of cytoplasm containing extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes; differentiation of an anlage of first the nematocyst and then the taeniocyst into a tandem pair; and, maturation of the complex into a nematocyst with operculum and capsule, and a taeniocyst with head, neck and body. In the intermediate stages of dinoflagellate cnidogenesis the structurally elaborate pattern of development differed from that of coelenterate nematocysts but in certain features the mature organelles of both groups were similar. Nematocyst-taeniocyst complexes migrated into chutes on zooids and four near the junction of the annulus and sulcus at the flagellar bases. The specialized chute was partially lined by thimble-shaped organelles of unknown function. The taeniocyst protruded from the surface in association with a striated fibre whose structure and position were those of a trigger to discharge the two organelles. We found no cytostome in this holozoic colony; the structure of the chute suggested that it might also function as a cytostome. PMID- 6685129 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of crystalloid endoplasmic reticulum in UT-1 cells and its disappearance in response to cholesterol. AB - The crystalloid endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of hexagonally packed membrane tubules that contain 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG CoA reductase), an intrinsic membrane protein that catalyses the rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. The crystalloid ER appears in a clone of Chinese hamster ovary cells, designated UT-1, that contain high levels of HMG CoA reductase as a result of growth in the presence of compactin, a competitive inhibitor of the reductase. In the present studies, we have used ultrastructural morphometry to estimate that the crystalloid ER: (1) occupies about 15% of the volume of UT-1 cells; (2) contains 3.4-fold more membrane area than the plasma membrane; and (3) contains less than 700 subunits of HMG CoA reductase per micrometer2 of membrane surface. The crystalloid ER tubules contain 2000 intramembrane particles per micrometer2 with a mean diameter of 10.4 nm, as determined by freeze-fracture. The crystalloid ER membranes are low in cholesterol, as indicated by the small number of filipin-cholesterol complexes in freeze-fracture images after treatment with filipin. The addition of cholesterol or related sterols to UT-1 cells promoted a rapid and stepwise disappearance of the crystalloid ER. Initially, the crystalloid ER fragmented into randomly arranged vesicles and tubules. Subsequently, membrane-bound structures disappeared from the cell so that after incubation with cholesterol for 24-72 h, the cells appeared completely normal. We found no morphological evidence that autophagic vacuoles participate in the degradation. We conclude: (1) that the crystalloid ER is more extensive than necessary merely to support HMG CoA reductase; and (2) that upon exposure to cholesterol the crystalloid ER is degraded by a process that does not involve autophagy. PMID- 6685131 TI - Rapid analysis of estrogen receptor heterogeneity by chromatofocusing with high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Chromatofocusing principles have been utilized to develop a high-performance liquid chromatographic technique for the rapid and routine analysis of steroid receptor heterogeneity. Two anion-exchange columns (SynChropak AX-300 and AX-500) were compared for analytical and preparative chromatofocusing of estrogen receptor components. As many as ten different [125I]iodoestradiol-labeled binding proteins were identified in cytosols prepared from mammary gland and uterus. Estrogen receptors were well separated from other cytosolic proteins and recovery of activity routinely exceeded 90%. Parallel analyses of these cytosols to determine receptor size and shape indicated that HPLC chromatofocusing can be used effectively to study receptor isoforms with Stokes radii ranging from 30 A to greater than 70 A. In contrast to isoelectric focusing, this technique is compatible with the inclusion of a commonly used receptor-stabilizing agent, sodium molybdate. Inclusion of molybdate during chromatofocusing of molybdate stabilized receptor allowed the identification of two acidic receptor species not previously reported. PMID- 6685128 TI - A rat monoclonal antibody reacting specifically with the tyrosylated form of alpha-tubulin. II. Effects on cell movement, organization of microtubules, and intermediate filaments, and arrangement of Golgi elements. AB - A rat monoclonal antibody against yeast alpha-tubulin (clone YL 1/2; Kilmartin, J. V., B. Wright, and C. Milstein, 1982, J. Cell Biol., 93:576-582) that reacts specifically with the tyrosylated form of alpha-tubulin and readily binds to tubulin in microtubules when injected into cultured cells (see Wehland, J., M. C. Willingham, and I. V. Sandoval, 1983, J. Cell Biol., 97:1467-1475) was used to study microtubule organization and function in living cells. Depending on the concentration of YL 1/2 that was injected the following striking effects were observed: (a) When injected at a low concentration (2 mg IgG/ml in the injection solution), where microtubules were decorated without changing their distribution, intracellular movement of cell organelles (saltatory movement) and cell translocation were not affected. Intermediate concentrations (6 mg IgG/ml) that induced bundling but no perinuclear aggregation of microtubules abolished saltatory movement and cell translocation, and high concentrations (greater than 12 mg IgG/ml) that induced perinuclear aggregation of microtubules showed the same effect. (b) YL 1/2, when injected at intermediate and high concentrations, arrested cells in mitosis. Such cells showed no normal spindle structures. (c) Injection of an intermediate concentration of YL 1/2 that stopped saltatory movement caused little or no aggregation of intermediate filaments and no dispersion of the Golgi complex. After injection of high concentrations, resulting in perinuclear aggregation of microtubules, intermediate filaments formed perinuclear bundles and the Golgi complex became dispersed analogous to results obtained after treatment of cells with colcemid. (d) When rhodamine conjugated YL 1/2 was injected at concentrations that stopped saltatory movement and arrested cells in mitosis, microtubule structures could be visualized and followed for several hours in living cells by video image intensification microscopy. They showed little or no change in distribution and organization during observation, even though these microtubule structures appeared not to be stabilized by injected YL 1/2 since they were readily depolymerized by colcemid or cold treatment and repolymerized upon drug removal or rewarming to 37 degrees C, respectively. These results are discussed in terms of the participation of microtubules in cellular activities such as cell movement and cytoplasmic organization and in terms of the specificity of YL 1/2 for the tyrosylated form of alpha-tubulin. PMID- 6685133 TI - [Study on the diurnal change of arrhythmia attacks in sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 6685134 TI - An improved reagent for mycobacterial nitrate reductase tests. AB - A new crystalline reagent for nitrate reductase tests was compared with standard liquid reagents on 437 strains of mycobacteria. The results for isolates of Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium chelonei agreed 100% with the expected results. Of the 177 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, 4 were negative by the conventional method. Two of these four isolates were positive with the new reagent. Of the positive nitrate tests carried out with liquid reagents, 42% flashed instantly or faded in color; none of the tests carried out with the new crystalline reagent flashed or faded. A stronger color reaction was seen for 28% of the positive tests with the new reagent. PMID- 6685135 TI - Concordant congenital spine deformity in monozygotic twins. AB - The cases of monozygotic twins with concordant congenital spine deformity are presented. It is suggested that genetics, environment, or a combination of the two factors (multifactorial) might have been the cause of the anomalies. The insult may have been caused by hypoxia to both embryos. PMID- 6685132 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of chromatin histones. AB - A method is described for the rapid analysis of histones by high-performance liquid chromatography on reversed-phase muBondapak columns, containing either octadecylsilane (C18) or cyanopropylsilane (CN) bonded to silica particles packed in either steel columns or Radial-Pak cartridges. A linear gradient progressing from water-acetonitrile (80:20) to water-acetonitrile (40:60) and increasing in acetonitrile concentration at the rate of 10%/h was used to elute the histones at a flow-rate of 1 ml/min for steel columns or 2 ml/min for Radial-Pak cartridges. Two conditions were found to be necessary to achieve histone fractionation: (1) silylation of the active silanol groups on the silica matrix, and (2) 0.1-0.3% trifluoroacetic acid in the eluting solvent. More than 95% of the total [3H]lysine-labeled protein applied to the CN column was eluted. The histone fractions were identified by their electrophoretic mobilities in both acid-urea and Triton DF-16 polyacrylamide gels. Histones were eluted from the columns in the following order: H1, H2B, (LHP)H2A, (MHP)H2A, H4, (LHP)H3, and (MHP)H3 (where LHP and MHP refer to the less-hydrophobic and more-hydrophobic histone variants). Phosphorylated and acetylated histone molecules were not separated from their unmodified parent molecules. The volatile nature of the water-acetonitrile trifluoroacetic acid eluting solvent facilitated recovery of salt-free histones from the fractions by direct lyophilization of the column effluents. The best resolution of histone fractions was obtained with the Radial-Pak muBondapak C18 cartridge using 0.3% TFA. However, for analytical studies, the best detection was obtained by using the muBondapak CN steel column. Poorer resolution was obtained by using the non-silica based PRP-1 reversed-phase column, containing a polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin under the same conditions. PMID- 6685136 TI - Glomerular prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in rat nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Effects on renal hemodynamics. AB - Glomerular arachidonate cyclooxygenation by isolated rat glomeruli was assessed in vitro in antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody-induced glomerulonephritis by radioimmunoassay for prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxane. After a single intravenous injection of rabbit anti-rat GBM serum, we observed enhancement of glomerular thromboxane B2 (TxB2) synthesis as early as 2 to 3 h with smaller increments in PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthetic rates. On day 2 of the disease, the glomerular synthesis of TxB2 and, to a lesser extent, PGF2 alpha and PGE2 remained enhanced, whereas on days 8, 11, and 14, TxB2 was the only prostanoid synthesized at increased rates. Glomerular TxB2 synthesis correlated with the presacrifice 24-h protein excretion. 60 min after intravenous infusion of anti-GMB serum, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreased (0.66 +/- 0.04 to 0.44 +/- 0.03 ml/min per 100 g, P less than 0.05), without a significant change in renal plasma flow (RPF): 1.97 +/- 0.23 to 1.80 +/ 0.23 ml/min per 100 g) and without a change in glomerular PG synthetic rates. At 2 h, GFR and RPF reached a nadir (0.25 +/- 0.04 and 1.3 +/- 0.1 ml/min per 100 g, respectively) coinciding with a fivefold increment in glomerular TxB2. By 3 h GFR and RPF partially recovered to 0.43 +/- 0.07 and 1.77 +/- 0.20 ml/min per 100 g, respectively, P less than 0.05, despite further increments in TxB2 synthesis. This recovery of GFR and RPF coincided with increments in vasodilatory PG, (PGE2 and PGI2). The thromboxane synthetase inhibitor OKY-1581 markedly inhibited platelet and glomerular TxB2 synthesis and preserved GFR at 1, 2, and 3 h. Another thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, UK-38485, also completely inhibited platelet and glomerular TxB2 synthesis and prevented decrements of GFR at 2 and 3 h. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor, ibuprofen, inhibited platelet TxB2 and PGE2 synthesis and significantly reduced glomerular PGE2 but not TxB2 synthesis. In the ibuprofen-treated rats, the partial recoveries of GFR and RPF at 3 h were attenuated. The in vitro glomerular TxB2 synthesis correlated inversely with the presacrifice GFR and filtration fraction. These observations indicate that in anti-GBM nephritis there is enhanced synthesis of TxA2 and PG in the glomerulus that mediate changes in renal hemodynamics. PMID- 6685138 TI - Test of motor and neurological functions in high-risk infants: preliminary findings. AB - A 24-item Test of Motor and Neurological Functions (TMNF) was developed to measure automatic and equilibrium reactions, muscle tone, primitive reflexes, and qualitative movement findings in infants up to 12 months of age. A preliminary study was conducted with data gathered on 31 high-risk and 25 full-term infants ranging in age from 0 to 12 months. The psychometric quality of the test was investigated in terms of construct validity and interobserver reliability. It was determined that the most effective subtests were the automatic/equilibrium reactions and muscle tone subtests for the 7 to 12-month age group. The high-risk infant sample revealed significantly more qualitative findings at all age levels when compared to the full-term infants, particularly after 6 months of age. It was also found that the TMNF could be administered with a high degree of objectivity. These findings must be regarded as "tentative" until longitudinal cross-validation studies and research on decision-making reliability have been conducted. PMID- 6685139 TI - Sensitization potentials of D & C Yellow No. 10 and D & C Yellow No. 11 dyes. PMID- 6685137 TI - Factors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy stimulate adenylate cyclase in osteoblastic cells. AB - The culture media of three cell lines, a human prostate carcinoma (PC3), a rat Leydig cell tumor (Rice-500), and a rat carcinosarcoma (WRC-256), that were derived from tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM), were examined for stimulation of adenylate cyclase in ROS 17/2.8 osteoblastic cells and for bone resorptive activity in culture. Cells from a nonhypercalcemic variant of the WRC256 tumor served as control. Extracts from three solid human tumors, a lung adenocarcinoma from a patient with HHM and two adenocarcinoma from normocalcemic patients (lung and colon), were also examined for adenylate cyclase stimulation. We found excellent correlation between stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation in ROS 17/2.8 cells and bone resorbing activity in culture, or production of HHM in vivo. Stimulation of adenylate cyclase by HHM factors was inhibited by the parathyroid hormone competitive inhibitor, [8norleucyl, 18norleucyl, 34tyrosinyl] bovine parathyroid hormone (3-34) amide. PMID- 6685140 TI - Isolation and identification of ropy bacteria in raw milk. AB - Approximately 4.2% of 4,000 Maryland-Virginia raw milk tanker samples developed ropiness when incubated at 10 degrees C. Of the 56 bacterial isolates 30 were identified by species. Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated most frequently. Other ropy isolates were identified as Pseudomonas spp., Chromobacterium, Flavobacterium multivorum, presumptive Yersinia pestis, Enterobacter agglomerans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pasteurella-Actinobacter spp. Six of the Klebsiella oxytoca isolates were mesophilic (optimum temperatures of 32.0 to 37.8 degrees C) with two isolates having psychrotrophic tendencies (optimum temperature of 26.8 degrees C). All Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates appeared to be psychrotropic in their temperature requirements (optimum temperature of 23.0 to 31.0 degrees C). Klebsiella oxytoca was significant in preliminary development of the ropy condition. All Klebsiella oxytoca isolates developed ropiness within 24 h. The Pseudomonas spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates required at long as 7 days to develop detectable ropiness at 10 degrees C. A recommended Klebsiella oxytoca differentiation agar is presented as a rapid screening method during outbreaks where Klebsiella oxytoca is the organism of significance. PMID- 6685142 TI - Net absorption and ruminal concentrations of metabolites in nonpregnant dry Holstein cows before and after intraruminal acetic acid infusion. AB - Objectives were to define daily patterns of net absorption of various nutrients and to assess effects of intraruminal infusion of acetic acid on concentrations of ruminal fluid and net absorption of various metabolites. These characteristics were measured in three nonpregnant, dry Holstein cows (491 kg) at hourly intervals for 24 h before and after 5 days of intraruminal infusion of acetic acid to provide energy equal to 10% of daily intake of metabolizable energy. Cows were fed a completely mixed, 60% corn silage, 40% grain supplement diet at maintenance intake; daily rations were split into two feedings. Net rates of absorption were greatest after feeding and least during early morning. Net absorption of all metabolites measured was similar for the two daily feeding intervals, indicating daily net absorption could be calculated from either feeding interval. Intraruminal infusion of acetic acid caused increased ruminal and plasma concentrations of acetate, increased net absorption of acetate, and almost a twofold increased loss of urea-nitrogen from plasma to the gut. Sixty nine percent of acetic acid infused was accounted for by increased net absorption of acetate. Ruminal fluid concentrations and net absorption of other volatile fatty acids were not affected by infusion of acetic acid. Net absorptions of ammonia-nitrogen, L-lactate, and glucose likewise were not affected. Net absorption of volatile fatty acid and L-lactate was 43% of daily intake of metabolizable energy. PMID- 6685141 TI - Relationship of dietary crude protein to composition of uterine secretions and blood in high-producing postpartum dairy cows. AB - Effects of dietary crude proteins on constituents of plasma and uterine secretions were examined at various stages of the estrous cycle of high producing Holstein cows. Eighteen cows were assigned randomly to isocaloric diets (74% total digestible nutrients) containing either 12 or 23% crude protein (dry matter) on day 40 postpartum. Uterine secretion and coccygeal blood samples were collected at estrus, days 5 and 15 of the first estrous cycle after day 50 postpartum, and at the subsequent estrus. The 23% crude protein diet resulted in higher concentrations of ammonia in blood, urea in blood plasma and uterine secretion, and phosphorus and potassium in plasma. Zinc increased during the estrous cycle in plasma of cows fed 23% crude protein and decreased in cows fed 12% crude protein. Magnesium concentrations in uterine secretions were lower in cows on 23% crude protein. Potassium and phosphorus also were lower in uterine secretions of cows fed 23% crude protein but only during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Zinc concentrations in uterine secretions decreased faster during the estrous cycle in cows fed 12% crude protein than in cows fed 23% crude protein. Thus, the crude protein content of the diet altered concentrations in blood of ammonia and concentrations in plasma of urea, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc. Crude protein content of the diet altered concentrations in uterine secretion of urea, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and zinc. PMID- 6685143 TI - Continuous elevation of blood growth hormone concentrations by beeswax implant. AB - We examined constancy of release of purified ovine growth hormone from an implant containing soybean oil and beeswax. Implants contained an amount of growth hormone that was sufficient to increase concentrations in blood plasma by 20 and 40 ng/ml and to maintain those concentrations over 1 wk. Growth hormone in plasma increased to approximately 65 ng/ml in lambs receiving low dose implants the 1st day after implantation, returned to 31 ng/ml on day 2, and remained near this concentration for the remainder of the week. Pulse release of growth hormone was not similiar in the high dose lambs where growth hormone concentration in plasma averaged 45 ng/ml 1 day after implantation, then gradually increased to 60 ng/ml on day 6. Unimplanted control lambs had mean growth hormone concentrations of 2.9 to 3.9 ng/ml throughout the 6-day observation. This approach should interest investigators studying the chronic influence of purified or synthetic growth hormone on dairy cows, beef steers, or lambs. PMID- 6685144 TI - Pseudosarcomatous angioplasia: atypical presentation of pyogenic granuloma. AB - An unusual case of pyogenic granuloma is presented. Clinical and histological features of this lesion are reviewed. Differential diagnosis, common variants, and treatment modalities are also discussed. PMID- 6685145 TI - [Regulatory functions of actin in the cell]. PMID- 6685146 TI - [Effect of the motor activity regimen on the elaboration, retention and reproduction of motor-food conditioned reflexes in rats]. PMID- 6685147 TI - Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in some Nigerian preserved freshwater fish species. PMID- 6685148 TI - Methylation of deoxyribonucleic acid in the rat by the mushroom poison gyromitrin. PMID- 6685149 TI - Myocardial catecholamines in hypertrophic and dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy: a biopsy study. AB - A high performance liquid chromatographic method was used to determine myocardial norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in 66 biopsy specimens obtained from the right or left ventricle during routine diagnostic cardiac catheterization of 45 patients with dilated (congestive) or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or with heart disease other than cardiomyopathy, such as acute perimyocarditis, postmyocarditis and constrictive pericarditis. The validity of catecholamine determination in a 2 to 6 mg biopsy specimen to assess overall ventricular myocardial catecholamines was demonstrated. Norepinephrine concentrations in the myocardium were inversely correlated with the grade of hypertrophy in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy or heart disease other than cardiomyopathy, but not in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The fact that the myocardial norepinephrine concentration was always lower in the left than in the right ventricle of the same patient may be explained by the simple dilution of sympathetic nerve endings in the left ventricle. There were some cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in which the concentration of myocardial norepinephrine was exceptionally high, although its mean value was not significantly higher than that in patients with other types of heart disease who served as a control group without cardiomyopathy. Some patients with dilated cardiomyopathy had lower levels of myocardial norepinephrine than would be expected for the degree of interstitial fibrosis and the severity of heart failure. The mean plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were significantly elevated in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6685150 TI - Comparison of the effects of nitroprusside and nifedipine on diastolic properties in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: altered left ventricular loading or improved muscle inactivation? AB - The calcium channel blocking agent, nifedipine, has been shown to improve indexes of left ventricular relaxation, diastolic filling and compliance in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The mechanism of action of nifedipine on diastolic properties in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is unclear and could result from an improvement in myocardial inactivation or from systemic vasodilation and left ventricular unloading. To distinguish between these mechanisms, the effects of nifedipine and the vasodilator nitroprusside on left ventricular diastolic properties were compared in 10 patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using simultaneous micromanometer left ventricular pressure and echocardiographic measurements. Left ventricular peak systolic pressure was comparable during nitroprusside infusion (132 +/- 38 mm Hg) and after nifedipine (132 +/- 32 mm Hg). During nitroprusside infusion, the decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (22 +/- 11 to 17 +/- 11 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) was associated with a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension. In contrast, the decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure after nifedipine (22 +/- 11 to 18 +/- 10 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) was associated with no reduction of left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions, suggesting an increase in left ventricular distensibility. Compared with nitroprusside, nifedipine was associated with less prolongation of the left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time and less depression of the peak left ventricular posterior wall thinning rate and peak left ventricular internal dimension filling rate. These data suggest that the effects of the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, on diastolic mechanics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy result not only from systemic vasodilation but also from improved cardiac muscle inactivation. PMID- 6685151 TI - Toxic and therapeutic effects of amiodarone in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. AB - Amiodarone was used to treat cardiac arrhythmias that had been refractory to conventional medical therapy. The first 70 consecutive patients treated with amiodarone in this study had at least 6 months of follow-up (range 6 to 24, mean 11) and form the basis for this report. Sixty-six patients were treated for ventricular arrhythmias and four for supraventricular tachycardias. Amiodarone therapy consisted of a loading dose of 600 mg orally twice a day for 7 days, and 600 mg daily thereafter. Doses were reduced only if side effects occurred. Because of frequent side effects, the dose was reduced from 572 +/- 283 mg per day (mean +/- standard deviation) at 45 days to 372 +/- 174 mg per day at 6 months. With a mean follow-up of 11 months in the 54 patients who continued to take amiodarone, only 4 patients had ventricular fibrillation. Three additional patients experienced recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia in long-term follow-up. All 70 patients had extensive clinical and laboratory evaluation in follow-up. Side effects were common, occurring in 93% of patients. Thirteen patients (19%) had to discontinue the medication because of severe side effects. Fifty-six patients had gastrointestinal side effects, most commonly constipation. All patients but 1 eventually developed corneal microdeposits, and 43 patients were symptomatic. Cardiovascular side effects were uncommon. Symptomatic pulmonary side effects occurred in seven patients, with unequivocal pulmonary toxicity occurring in five. Neurologic side effects, most commonly tremor and ataxia, occurred in 52 patients. Thyroid dysfunction occurred in 3 patients, and 32 patients had cutaneous abnormalities. Miscellaneous other side effects occurred in 32 patients. Amiodarone appears to be useful in the management of refractory arrhythmias. Because virtually all patients develop side effects when given a maintenance daily dose of 600 mg, lower maintenance doses should be used. It is unknown if the more severe side effects are dose-related. Amiodarone is difficult to administer because of its narrow toxic-therapeutic range and prolonged loading phase. More importantly, the first sign of antiarrhythmic failure may be manifest as sudden cardiac death. PMID- 6685152 TI - Rare type of intrapulmonary drainage of one lung by the other with total anomalous pulmonary venous return. AB - A rare form of obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is presented. A neonate with asplenia, pulmonary atresia and complex congenital heart disease also had drainage of the left lung forming a venous confluence that proceeded in an intrapulmonary fashion through the right lung. A hypoplastic pulmonary venous channel then emerged from the right upper lobe leading to the superior vena cava. Pulmonary venous obstruction was suspected on initial plain chest X-ray examination and on angiography, which revealed the pulmonary artery to be larger than anticipated. Administration of prostaglandin E1 may allow augmentation of pulmonary blood flow and angiographic definition of this association in infants with asplenia complex. PMID- 6685153 TI - Transient neonatal tricuspid regurgitation: possible relation with premature closure of the ductus arteriosus. AB - Normal fetal circulation requires patency of the ductus arteriosus. Prenatal ductal closure causes profound circulatory changes, such as massive tricuspid regurgitation. After delivery, the clinical picture of these severely distressed cyanotic newborns usually improves rapidly as the circulation is no longer dependent on ductal patency after onset of respiration. This case report deals with a newborn infant with severe tricuspid regurgitation and a large atrial right to left shunt who was treated with prostaglandin E1 infusion at 12 hours of age and in whom cardiac angiography revealed no evidence of either patent or functionally closed ductus arteriosus and no anatomic cardiac abnormalities at 30 hours of age. On the basis of physiologic and morphologic observations in this infant, the possible role of premature ductal narrowing or closure in the pathogenesis of transient neonatal tricuspid regurgitation is discussed. It is recommended that documentation of ductal presence or absence should become part of the diagnostic evaluation of newborns with transient tricuspid regurgitation. PMID- 6685154 TI - [Idiopathic juvenile retinoschisis of young people]. AB - Four cases of hereditary sex-linked juvenile retinoschisis are reviewed and compared with those reported in the literature. Ophthalmoscopic, angiographic and therapeutic features of this disease, characterized by its recessive sex-linked hereditary nature and its clinical symptoms associating microcystic macular degeneration, peripheral lesions, vitreous disturbances and altered electroretinograms, are described. The importance of monitoring and treating the peripheral retinal lesions is emphasized. PMID- 6685155 TI - Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809, det. Krabbe, 1878) (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea): morphology and morphometry of larvae from euphausiids and fish, and a review of the life-history and ecology. AB - Larval Anisakis 7.7 to 23.6 mm long from euphausiids, and larvae 18.0 to 21.9 mm long from a teleost fish were morphologically and morphometrically alike and fitted the description by Beverley-Burton, Nyman & Pippy (1977) of A. simplex L3. Three small larvae, 4.2 to 5.9 mm long, from euphasiids resembled L3 in anterior but not in posterior morphology; their tails lacked a mucron but, in two of them, cuticular separation at the posterior extremity revealed clearly the mucron characteristic of L3 within. These small larvae are identified as L2 of A. simplex in the process of moulting to L3. Japanese reports of typical L3 from 6.9 to 32.7 mm long in euphausiids, the occurrence in teleosts of typical L3 from only 8.8 to over 30 mm long, and the present observations strongly suggest that the moult from L2 to L3 occurs in euphausiids and begins when the larvae are about 4-6 mm long. Although it appears, therefore, that only one moult occurs in the egg of A. simplex (i.e. ensheathed L2 hatches), two moults there have been reported for various terrestrial and certain aquatic ascaridoids (i.e. ensheathed L3 hatches). The morphology and homology of the lips and associated sense organs of A simplex L3 are discussed relative to that of a 'typical' adult ascaridoid. A main conclusion is that euphausiids in the North-East Atlantic and northern North Sea, and perhaps universally, are major intermediate hosts of A simplex. The status as hosts of squid and teleosts harbouring L3 is discussed. An extensive literature is reviewed in relation to the present observations. PMID- 6685156 TI - In vitro stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients produce idiotypes of oligoclonal CSF IgG. AB - Anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antisera prepared against IgG from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis were used to analyze culture supernatants of in vitro stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from the patients. In the culture supernatants of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated PBL of four patients, idiotype-positive IgG was found. This finding provides additional evidence that the production of oligoclonal IgG in multiple sclerosis is not exclusively a feature of the central nervous system, but is also a systemic immunologic phenomenon. PMID- 6685158 TI - Formation of antigen specific foci as a complement independent assay for individual antibody-secreting cells. AB - Antibody-forming cells (AFC) could be demonstrated by the binding of antigen to secreted antibody localized around the AFC. Using sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as antigen, this antigen binding was detected as foci of erythrocytes surrounding individual lymphocytes. Focus formation was antigen specific and involved the active secretion of antibody. AFC specific for antigens resistant to lysis, such as human red blood cells were also demonstrable with this assay. The focus assay provides a complement independent method for enumerating antibody-forming cells. PMID- 6685157 TI - Biosynthesis and postsynthetic processing of human C-reactive protein. AB - Human C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of several plasma proteins that increase after tissue injury or inflammation. The magnitude of the increase in CRP (100 to 1000-fold over the resting state) makes this an excellent model for studies of eukaryotic gene control. Accordingly, the biosynthesis and postsynthetic processing of human CRP was examined under cellfree conditions and in Xenopus oocytes injected with liver mRNA. The primary translation product is larger than native serum CRP by an 18-amino acid amino terminal extension. The sequence of this signal peptide was derived from nucleotide sequencing of a 1.8-kilobase (Kb) CRP-specific cDNA clone. Northern blot analysis revealed a CRP mRNA of approximately 2.2 Kb, a size more than three times that required (615 bases) to code for the primary translation product. These data form the basis for study of molecular control of the acute phase response. PMID- 6685159 TI - The geographic conundrum of infections: where or wherefore? PMID- 6685160 TI - Studies on the water movements between the atmosphere and Hyalomma dromedarii eggs during embryogenesis, using 3HHO. PMID- 6685161 TI - Some factors affecting the hatchability of Schistosoma ova and miracidial activity. PMID- 6685162 TI - Studies on the correlation between intestinal bilharzial egg reaction and specific antiegg antibodies. PMID- 6685163 TI - [Sequential observation of human sperm penetration into zona pellucida-free hamster oocytes by scanning electron microscopy]. AB - Yanagimachi et al. have shown that zona pellucida-free hamster oocytes can be penetrated by capacitated and acrosome-reacted human spermatozoa, and both pronuclei be formed. Recently, it has been said that this technique may be used to test the fertilizing ability of human sperm for clinical use. We have made scanning electron microscopic studies of the interaction of these heterologous gametes, especially the mechanisms of sperm entry into the oocytes. Our results are as follows: The surface of the oocyte is covered with numerous microvilli, which are found to be evenly and densely distributed on the vitellus surface. The surface of the first polar body already released is smooth and microvilli-free. Most spermatozoa lie flat on the vitellus surface, but a few are oriented perpendicularly to the vitellus surface. Most bound sperm had lost their acrosomal caps, because a ridge exists at the leading edge of the equatorial segment. Many microvilli are shown to participate in sperm-egg contact. Initially most microvilli appeared to grasp and immobilize the anterior tip of the sperm head. But as gamete interaction proceeded, microvilli were overlying the postacrosomal region, and observed adjacent to the plasma membrane of the postacrosomal region. The postacrosomal region is first incorporated into the ooplasma, the anterior tip of sperm head being the last portion to be incorporated. The microvilli of the oolenmal surface where sperm penetrated did not show major changes in size or appearance, and the so-called "incorporation cone" was not observed. Our scanning electron micrographs show that the microvillar portion of the oolenma greatly participates in this heterologous gamate interaction. PMID- 6685164 TI - [Sacculation of the pregnant uterus]. PMID- 6685165 TI - Lack of an effect of dairy protein (casein) and soy protein on plasma cholesterol of strict vegetarians. An experiment and a critical review. AB - In animals, ingestion of casein, the principal protein in milk, causes hypercholesterolemia, whereas in humans this effect has not been documented. We added 27 g of casein (the amount in 1.1 liters of skim milk and nearly twice the average U.S. intake) for 20 days, and 27 g of soy protein for an additional 20 days to the daily diet of 13 strict vegetarians who consumed no other animal protein during the study period. The protein supplementation increased the ad libitum daily protein intake from 59 g to 82 g. Levels of plasma LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol were not significantly affected by either the casein or the soy supplementation. Over the 40 days of protein supplementation, there were progressive decreases in VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C) and increases in triglycerides (TG) from pre-study levels, demonstrated by an overall change in the VLDL-C/TG ratio from 0.30 to 0.17 (P = 0.003). Caloric intake and body weight did not change significantly. From the literature on dietary protein and blood lipid levels and from the present data, it appears that neither the amount of protein in the diet nor whether the protein comes from animal or vegetable sources has an important effect on plasma LDL and HDL levels in humans when consumed in physiologic amounts. PMID- 6685166 TI - Action of multiplication-stimulating activity on [3H]thymidine incorporation in rabbit and human fetal chondrocytes in vitro. AB - The mitogenic action of multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) on normal mammalian chondrocytes has been examined. Addition of MSA (NIH, PkII-MSA, 2.5-500 ng/ml or Collaborative Research, CR-MSA, 50-250 ng/ml) to primary suspensions of chondrocytes prepared by enzymic digestion of costal and articular cartilage of rabbits (356-481 g body wt) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into the trichloroacetic acid-precipitated cell contents. CR-MSA (50-250 ng/ml) also had a significant stimulatory effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation into human fetal chondrocytes (22 weeks of gestation) prepared by enzymic digestion. When PkII-MSA was added in the presence of 1.25% of a standard adult or cord plasma to either rabbit or human fetal (18 weeks) chondrocytes, the increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation appeared to be synergistic. The mitogenic action of MSA can thus be demonstrated on primary suspensions of mammalian chondrocytes. The action of MSA on human chondrocytes has not previously been reported. PMID- 6685167 TI - Further analysis of the effect of ultra-violet irradiation on the formation of the germ line in Xenopus laevis. AB - Ultra-violet (u.v.) irradiation of the vegetal pole of newly fertilized eggs has three documented effects: reduction of primordial germ cells (PGCs), cytological damage to the vegetal hemisphere and disruption of the normal mechanism by which the vegetal yolk mass induces the formation of the dorsal axis of the embryo. In this study, we find that 90 degrees rotation of the egg for various periods after irradiation rescues the dorsal axial structures but does not restore the number of PGCs found in the dorsal mesentery of the gut; neither is there any correlation between reduced numbers of PGCs and disruption of cleavage at the vegetal pole. We therefore conclude that the effect on the germ line is separate from the other two phenomena. Secondly, 90 degrees rotation of non-irradiated eggs was found to significantly reduce germ cell numbers migrating in the dorsal mesentery of the gut. PMID- 6685168 TI - The quantitation of psilocybin in hallucinogenic mushrooms using high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an acetonitrile, water, and phosphoric acid mobile phase and a bonded cyano-amino type polar phase column has been developed for the rapid, selective, and accurate quantitation of psilocybin in dry mushroom material. A simple one-step procedure is used for the quantitative extraction of psilocybin in under 60 min. The 267:254 nm absorbance ratio is used as a check on peak purity for the psilocybin response. PMID- 6685169 TI - Noninsulin dependent gestational diabetes mellitus: diagnosis, management and outcome. PMID- 6685170 TI - The cell cycle of the budding yeast Sterigmatomyces halophilus: culture fractionation by zonal centrifugation and the accumulation of DNA, RNA and protein. AB - Sterigmatomyces halophilus is an unusual budding yeast in which daughter cells are formed, remote from the mother cell, on fine projections called sterigmata. Some fundamental properties of the cell cycle have been explored by separating cells from an exponentially growing culture into size, and thus age, classes by density-gradient centrifugation. Rate separations on high capacity, high resolution, equivolumetric gradients of sucrose, or, alternatively, isopycnic separations on gradients of Urografin revealed consistent and reproducible patterns of accumulation of DNA, RNA and protein through the cell cycle. Total DNA accumulation was stepwise, synthesis occurring late in the cycle, whilst protein accumulated continuously with no evidence for the discontinuities reported in some other lower eukaryotes. Total RNA accumulation, measured either colorimetrically or by long-term incorporation of radioactively-labelled uracil was transiently elevated early in the cycle and then accumulated continuously. A mathematical analysis of the volume distributions of the cells in fractions from the gradients showed that there is a hyperbolic relationship between cell age and size but that, to a first approximation, measurements of cell size (and density) are direct measures of age. The results are discussed with reference to (1) the unusually high buoyant density of this yeast, (2) the resolution of zonal cell separation methods and (3) macromolecular accumulation in the cell cycles of other eukaryotic micro-organisms. PMID- 6685171 TI - Increased blood-brain barrier permeability in scrapie-infected mice. AB - The present investigation was designed to study the ultrastructural integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the cerebral microvasculature of scrapie infected mice showing clinical illness. Cerebral microvessels from either IM, VM, or C57BL/6J mice, terminally affected with various strains of scrapie agent showed a focal leakage of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in all agent-strain and mouse-strain combinations. This leakage was most pronounced in and near the primary site of agent inoculation, but was also observed in microvessels scattered throughout the brain. Cytochemical studies also revealed a redistribution of plasmalemma-bound alkaline phosphatase in the endothelial cells. In control mice, the enzymatic activity was mainly concentrated in the luminal plasmalemma, while in the scrapie-infected mice the activity also appeared in the abluminal side in the majority of microvessels. Our observations are evidence that the BBB of the mouse is altered in some way by the scrapie agent. Such an alteration may have important implications for human disease, since the scrapie agent is related to the group of "slow" viral infections, including kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Scrapie may also serve as an important model for the study of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). PMID- 6685172 TI - Moyamoya syndrome in only one of two identical twins. Case report. AB - The authors describe moyamoya syndrome in only one of two identical twins. The clinical and angiographic data suggest that it may be an acquired form, but the cause of the pathology remains obscure. PMID- 6685173 TI - Abnormal accumulation of technetium-99m hepatobiliary agent in a case of idiopathic bile peritonitis. PMID- 6685175 TI - Effects of excessive dietary zinc on the intrauterine and postnatal development of mink. AB - Dietary exposure to 1000 ppm of supplemental Zn did not result in grossly observable Zn toxicity or Zn-induced Cu deficiency in adult mink. These same concentrations did, however, produce achromatrichia, alopecia, lymphopenia and a reduced rate of growth in the offspring produced by the Zn-treated females. These mink kits also exhibited profound immunosuppression. The in vitro blastogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to concanavalin A was significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in kits born to Zn-treated dams than the response of those born to control dams. The depressed immunoresponsiveness was not a permanent defect since a normal lymphocyte response was seen approximately 14 weeks after weaning and being placed on an unsupplemented basal diet. The impaired lymphocyte reactivity is believed to be the result of altered DNA synthesis in these cells and/or an inhibition of macrophage functions necessary for normal response to the mitogen concanavalin A. PMID- 6685174 TI - Role of dietary protein in rat pancreatic enzyme secretory response to a meal. AB - The role of dietary protein in the pancreatic enzyme secretory response to complete test meals was studied in rats fitted with chronic bile-pancreatic fistulas. Pancreatic enzyme secretory response was observed by collecting combined bile-pancreatic juice and continuously returning it to the intestine by a stream-splitter, which diverted 5% for assay. All rats were fed ad libitum a 24% casein diet during the recovery period. Four days postoperative, rats were infused intragastrically with 5 g of isonitrogenous, complete test meals containing casein (24%), alpha-protein (soy protein), amino acids patterned after casein or alpha-protein, casein + lima bean trypsin inhibitor (LBTI), and a nitrogen-free diet. Pancreatic enzyme secretion under basal conditions and in response to the test meals was determined. The pancreatic response to test meals containing intact casein as nitrogen source was the same as the response to nitrogen-free test meals, and was only slightly greater (not statistically significantly) than the response to test meals containing amino acids. Test meals containing alpha-protein, which was devoid of soybean trypsin inhibitor activity, were much more potent than corresponding amino acid test meals or nitrogen-free test meals. Addition of LBTI greatly increased the pancreatic response to casein test meals. The results indicate that intragastric infusion of diets containing casein as nitrogen source do not stimulate greater pancreatic enzyme secretion than test meals of nitrogen-free or amino acid diets under normal physiological conditions, and it is proposed that this is a consequence of the large reserve capacity of the exocrine pancreas. PMID- 6685176 TI - Freeze-etch characterization of the teguments of three metacestodes: Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia crassiceps, and Taenia taeniaeformis. AB - The objective of this study was to characterize the teguments of metacestodes of Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia crassiceps, and Taenia taeniaeformis using the freeze-etch technique. Metacestodes of E. granulosus (19 mo old), T. crassiceps (28 days old), and T. taeniaeformis (34 days old) from gerbils, mice and rats, respectively, were fixed for 2 hr in 3% glutaraldehyde and then prepared for freeze-etching and thin sectioning by standard techniques. Freeze-etch replicas of the teguments of all three species displayed morphologic characteristics that were generally in agreement with previous ultrastructural work, although some new features and interpretations arose from use of this technique. For each species there was a concentric ring structure within the microthrix base, and cytoplasmic extensions of the perikarya into the distal tegument were membrane-bound rather than confluent bridges; these extensions frequently branched within the tegument. In addition, channels running from the proximal tegumental membrane to, and opening at the distal surface of, the tegument were seen in thin sections. PMID- 6685177 TI - Dipetalonema (Alafilaria) hydrochoerus subgen. et sp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from Colombian capybaras. AB - Dipetalonema (Alafilaria) hydrochoerus subgen. et sp. n. is described from specimens recovered from skeletal muscle fascia of the capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochacris, from several localities in Colombia, South America. The microfilaria, which is found in the skin of the host, is also described for the first time. The monotypic species of the subgenus Alafilaria can be distinguished from existing Dipetalonema subgenera and all filariae known to us, on the basis of numerous preanal caudal papillae in males, small size of petals on the caudal extremity of each sex, and low, bluntly-rounded lateral alae in the cuticle of adult worms of both sexes. Unusual and distinctive features of the microfilaria include conspicuous lateral cuticular alae and a caudal extremity devoid of nuclei. PMID- 6685178 TI - Distribution of eggs and the host response in chickens infected with Austrobilharzia variglandis (Trematoda). AB - Segments of cleared intestines from chickens infected with the marine (avian) schistosome Austrobilharzia variglandis showed eggs clustered around branches of blood vessels on each side of the intestine. Most of the eggs, as seen in sections, were found in the vessels or lamina propria of the mucosa. A comparison of distribution of eggs relative to the location of adults within the intestinal vessels suggested that eggs were deposited in mucosal vessels by ovigerous females. Only immature eggs were found in blood vessels while those in or near crypts were mature. This was correlated with movement of eggs from blood vessels to the intestinal lumen. The accumulation of numerous eggs, edema, cellular infiltration, and hyperplasia of smooth muscle contributed to a substantial increase in thickness of the intestinal wall. Granulomatous responses to the presence of eggs were observed from day 12 to 18 wk PI. They ranged in nature from dense accumulations of mononuclear cells, to the appearance of fully developed granulomas, and included phagocytosis by giant cells and the Hoeppli phenomenon. PMID- 6685179 TI - Life cycle and development of Lagochilascaris sprenti (Nematoda: ascarididae) from opossums (Marsupialia: didelphidae) in Louisiana. AB - The life cycle of Lagochilascaris sprenti, a species which occurs in the stomach of opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in Louisiana, was determined. The larva in the egg developed to the infective stage after eggs from the feces of infected animals were in culture about 30 days. When eggs containing infective larvae were fed to mice, the larvae hatched, penetrated the intestinal mucosa, migrated through the liver and lungs, and eventually reached the skeletal muscles where they became encapsulated. Larvae were also found encapsulated in the skeletal muscles of rats, gerbils, hamsters, monkeys, and a rabbit fed infective eggs. No larvae were found in the muscles of opossums fed infective eggs. However, when opossums were fed mice with 39- to 204-day-old Lagochilascaris infections, larvae developed in the gastric mucosa to the adult stage within 21 days. Adult worms inhabited cavities in the submucosa of the stomach from which they could migrate through openings into the lumen. One to three abscesses, each containing a single adult worm, were found in the musculature of 16.4% of the mice fed infective eggs. PMID- 6685180 TI - Lagochilascaris sprenti sp. n. (Nematoda: ascarididae) from the opossum, Didelphis virginiana (Marsupialia: didelphidae). AB - Sixty-eight specimens of Lagochilascaris from the stomach of seven naturally infected opossums from Louisiana were described as Lagochilascaris sprenti sp. n. Observations were also made on adult worms of both sexes recovered from experimentally-infected opossums and mice. The new species differs from the four previously described species of Lagochilascaris in the length of the spicules, number of pits on the circumference of the egg, and position of the vulva. The spicules are shorter in L. sprenti than in L. turgida and L. buckleyi. The number of surface pits in the eggshell at the circumference of the egg is 24 to 31 in L. sprenti, less in L. minor (15-26), and more in L. major (33-45). In worms of equal length, the vulva is consistently about 1 mm further anteriad in L. sprenti than it is in L. minor or L. major. PMID- 6685181 TI - Quantitative study of the interaction between polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles and mouse peritoneal macrophages in culture. PMID- 6685182 TI - Relationship of dose to morphine tolerance in the chick embryo. AB - Morphine tolerance and dependence can be produced in chick embryos by injecting 20 mg/kg into the airspace of the egg daily for 4 days beginning on incubation day 12. The experiments in this report examined the production of tolerance with lower doses of morphine (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg). Treatment of embryos for 4 days did not produce tolerance on day 16 when the challenge dose was the same as the dose used for pretreatment and when activity was recorded at only one time after injection. Further studies measuring activity at multiple time-points and/or utilizing a lower challenge dose indicated that tolerance was present. Studies of activity after 4 or 8 days of pretreatment revealed a dose-effect relationship. Pretreatment with 2.5 mg/kg produced a lesser degree of tolerance than that produced by the higher pretreatment doses. These embryos were tolerant on day 16 after four injections but not on day 19 after eight injections, due perhaps to more rapid metabolism of morphine with age. There were no differences between the responses of the 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg groups to morphine challenge. While both of these doses produced tolerance to a low challenge dose of morphine by day 16, pretreatment at doses higher than 10.0 mg/kg was necessary for production of tolerance to high doses. PMID- 6685183 TI - Luteal function after ovulation blockade by intrafollicular injection of indomethacin in the ewe. AB - The dominant follicle of oestrous ewes was injected with saline or indomethacin. Treated follicles were obtained at 2 and 10 days after treatment and examined histologically. Indomethacin-injected follicles were abnormally enlarged and remained unruptured. On Day 2 after treatment, these follicles appeared grossly hyperaemic. The follicular walls of control and indomethacin-treated groups had luteinized. Blood samples for the measurement of serum progesterone were collected from animals with their ovaries left intact. Systemic progesterone and oestrous cycle lengths were unaltered by drug administration. It appears that prostaglandins are essential for ovulation in the ewe. The occurrence of ovulation per se was not a prerequisite of ensuing luteal-phase normality. PMID- 6685184 TI - Variation in peripheral progesterone concentrations with environmental temperature in ewes on Days 7 and 11 of the oestrous cycle. AB - Progesterone concentrations in peripheral plasma samples on Days 7 and 11 of oestrous cycles throughout the breeding season showed a negative relationship to the mean minimum environmental temperature for the Days 0-7 and 0-11 respectively of that cycle during which the samples were collected. PMID- 6685185 TI - Evaluation and treatment of breast symptoms in patients with the premenstrual syndrome. AB - Breast symptoms are a common finding in women with the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The underlying endocrine pathophysiology of PMS and benign breast disease may be similar and possibly related. Endocrine theories concerning both disorders have been developed, and nutritional intervention can be of aid. In a double blind study, breast symptoms of PMS were recorded before and after vitamin E or placebo was administered. A significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in some of the symptoms was noted. PMID- 6685186 TI - Effect of a nutritional supplement, optivite, on symptoms of premenstrual tension. AB - Using a menstrual symptom questionnaire (MSQ) to assess the presence and severity of premenstrual tension (PMT), we evaluated the effect of a nutritional supplement, Optivite, on PMT symptoms in 31 patients for the week after the period (F) and the week before it (L). The total MSQ scores decreased significantly in all patients after Optivite administration at a daily dose of 3 12 tablets for one to six menstrual cycles. The mean +/- S.E. total MSQ scores were F = 8.1 +/- 1.8 and L = 31.5 +/- 2.1 for control cycles and F = 2.3 +/- 0.72 and L = 10.3 +/- 1.4 for treated cycles. The best responses were observed in patients taking 6-12 tablets/day for three or more cycles. If these results can be confirmed by well-controlled studies, this simple and safe nutritional approach can be recommended in the initial management of PMT. PMID- 6685187 TI - Fetal distress secondary to fetal vessel perforation after amniocentesis. A case report. AB - Fetal vessel perforation during amniocentesis resulted in severe fetal distress and a 5-cm hematoma at the perforation site. PMID- 6685188 TI - Culture-proven herpes simplex type 2 meningitis associated with genital herpes. A case report. AB - Only 14 cases of culture-proven herpes simplex type 2 meningitis have been reported besides the one reported here. Although an uncommon complication of a common disease, herpes simplex type 2 meningitis should be recognized by gynecologists, for it has the potential for severe and chronic neurologic sequelae. PMID- 6685189 TI - Endometrial adenocarcinoma coincident with intrauterine pregnancy. A case report. AB - The simultaneous occurrence of endometrial adenocarcinoma and intrauterine pregnancy is a rare phenomenon. Eight cases have been reported on, including the one discussed below. The presence of two apparently mutually exclusive conditions within a uterus is difficult to explain. The neoplasm may arise in foci of immature basal cells, which do not respond to hormonal stimulation. Although this event is rare, the clinician should be aware of the possibility. PMID- 6685190 TI - Introduction to lasers. PMID- 6685191 TI - Modulation of human granulocyte and monocyte chemiluminescence responses: evidence for distinct free radical generating systems. AB - Using a previously described luminol-dependent photometric chemiluminescence (CL) assay we have investigated the relative significance of the free radicals in the CL phenomenon associated with the respiratory burst of granulocytes and monocytes. The O-2 scavenger, superoxide dismutase, quenches approximately 50% of CL emission from resting and stimulated cells of both types. CL production from granulocytes and monocytes, in the presence of catalase, indicates that H2O2 plays a much less significant role in monocyte light emission than in that of granulocytes. Sodium azide, an 1O2 scavenger and potent inhibitor of peroxidase, and sodium benzoate, an OH. scavenger, both induced 90% reductions of light output from both cell types in resting or stimulated states. The distinct effects of cytochalasins on granulocytes and monocytes further suggest distinct CL generating mechanisms for each cell type. No difference was observed between granulocyte and monocyte CL response in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and other clinically related but unknown phagocyte metabolic disorders, whereas selective CL response abnormalities were observed in patients with severe isolated phagocyte chemotaxis defects. PMID- 6685192 TI - Torulopsis glabrata perinephric abscess. AB - Torulopsis glabrata perinephric abscess has not been reported previously. The pathogenesis of the disease is by the ascending route, culminating in papillary necrosis and microabscesses that break into the perinephric space. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and awareness of this entity is helpful. Treatment consists of surgery and systemic antifungal therapy. The recent antifungal agent, ketoconazole, is discussed. PMID- 6685193 TI - Toxicity associated with intravesical cisplatinum in a patient with superficial bladder cancer. AB - Anaphylactic reactions to cisplatinum chemotherapy are infrequent. The second case of such a response in a man treated with intravesical cisplatinum for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is presented. PMID- 6685194 TI - Calcium channel blocking agents. Council on scientific affairs. PMID- 6685195 TI - [Combined modality for recurrent and disseminated ovarian cancer--CAPF combination chemotherapy and second-look operation]. AB - Twenty-seven patients with advanced ovarian cancer were treated with CAPF therapy consisting of CPA, ADM, CPDD, and 5-FU. Twenty patients were evaluable for responses. Fourteen patients (70%) had a complete (6 patients) or partial response (8 patients). The median survival time for responders was 12.0+ months and 4.0 for non-responders. Leukopenia and renal toxicity were dose limiting factors. A second-look operation was performed in 12 patients who had favorable results from CAPF. A combined modality with CAPF and second-look operation seemed to be promising. PMID- 6685196 TI - [Determination of urinary immunosuppressive acidic protein in cancer patients]. AB - The urine levels of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) were measured in patients with and without cancer, using passive hemagglutination inhibition test and 24-h urine samples. In 23 control healthy adults, the urine levels of IAP were 0.13-1.3 mg/day. If an elevation of IAP levels were found in 46 (48%) of 96 cancer patients. Elevated urine IAP levels were found in 6 (18%) of 34 patients with non-cancerous gastrointestinal tract diseases. Increased urine IAP was demonstrated in 11 (58%) of 19 non-cancer patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6685197 TI - [Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with IgM deposition in small arterial walls of the spleen]. PMID- 6685198 TI - [Plasma exchange in hemato-immunologic diseases--studies of 205 cases]. PMID- 6685199 TI - The quantitative determination of the paw-swelling activity of pertussis vaccine with special reference to its responsible toxic components. AB - A method has been developed for quantitative determination of the early appearing mouse paw swelling activity of pertussis vaccine. Mice were inoculated with the vaccine into the left hind paws. The difference in the thicknesses between the inoculated and the uninoculated paws was taken as the swelling response in 16 hr after inoculation. It was transformed into logarithm as a response metameter. A linear log dose-log response regression line was obtained over a relatively wide range of doses of the vaccine. No deviation from parallelism was significant among the regression lines of different vaccines tested. The swelling activities relative to that of a reference vaccine of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus combined (DPT) vaccines recently produced in Japan were determined. The relative activities ranged from 0.6 to 2.5, being twice the mean width of the 95% confidence interval of the relative activity. Further experiments showed that the activity significantly correlated with endotoxin and histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) but not with lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF). In addition, the multiple regression analysis of such relationship suggested that the swelling activity is accounted for by the combined action of endotoxin and HSF. A model experiment with a mixture of the two toxins supported this conclusion. PMID- 6685200 TI - [201 Tl myocardial scintigrams of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy--201 Tl uptake by the right ventricular myocardium]. PMID- 6685201 TI - Effect of 4-(o-benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine hydrochloride (MCI-2016) on the scopolamine-induced deficit of spontaneous alternation behavior in rats. AB - To predict the possible activity on memory disorders, the effect of MCI-2016 was compared with those of physostigmine, choline chloride, methamphetamine, apomorphine, imipramine and calcium hopantenate by applying scopolamine-induced deficit of spontaneous alternation behavior (scopolamine-SA) as a proposed animal model for senile dementia. MCI-2016 was shown to improve the scopolamine-SA at doses of 25 to 100 mg/kg p.o. without producing any remarkable behavioral abnormalities. As for the effect of reference drugs, two types of cholinomimetic drugs (physostigmine and choline chloride) and methamphetamine were shown to be active. In the cases of physostigmine and methamphetamine, however, behavioral abnormalities were observed at those dose levels effective on scopolamine-SA. MIC 2016 potentiated the effect of physostigmine on scopolamine SA at non active doses of 10 to 20 mg/kg p.o. In comparison with the deleterious effect of scopolamine on spontaneous alternation (SA) behavior itself, none of the test drugs except for imipramine were shown to disrupt the SA. Considering the disruptive or improving actions of various agents on SA or scopolamine-SA, it may be suggested that the present model is relatively sensitive to those drugs which affect the cholinergic mechanism either directly or indirectly. Mechanisms of the actions of MCI-2016 and methamphetamine were also discussed with reference to possible involvement of cholinergic mechanisms. PMID- 6685202 TI - Site of analgesic action of zomepirac sodium, a potent non-narcotic analgesic in experimental animals. AB - Zomepirac sodium inhibited the reflex hypertension caused by an injection of bradykinin into the splenic artery of anaesthetized dogs, but not that by injection of bradykinin plus PGE1. In the rat acetic acid writhing test, the potency ratio of intraperitoneal (ED50 = 0.41 microgram/kg) to intravenous (ED50 = 33.5 micrograms/kg) anti-writhing activity of zomepirac sodium was 79.2 (37.1 173), though the ratio of codeine phosphate (373 micrograms/kg, i.p., 352 micrograms/kg, i.v.) was 0.934. When equipotent doses of zomepirac sodium were administered to rats receiving intraperitoneally acetic acid, the plasma zomepirac level after i.v. administration was more than 200 times that after i.p. administration, while the peritoneal exudate zomepirac contents were nearly equal after administration by both routes. Zomepirac sodium (5 micrograms/kg) did not produce significant anti-writhing activity after intracerebroventricular administration. From these results, it was suggested that zomepirac sodium produced analgesic action through a strong blockade of the hyperalgesia in the peripheral system. PMID- 6685203 TI - Loss of selectivity of Warren shunt in long-term observation. AB - Sixty patients who underwent distal splenorenal shunt were followed up from one to ten years, with an average of 5.6 years. Postoperative portography through the superior mesenteric artery was carried out in 58 of these patients and the remaining two were studied at autopsy. The diameter of the portal vein was unchanged in 65 per cent of the patients within 30 postoperative days, but it decreased remarkably in size one year after the surgery in one third of the patients, and it was observed in about half of the patients at 5 years after the surgery. Numerous collaterals had developed around the pancreas and stomach in the majority of cases presenting narrowing of the portal vein. Enormously dilated pancreatic veins directed to non-isolated distal splenic vein were identified in the autopsied cases. These findings strongly suggest that pancreatic veins connecting to the distal vein may play a leading role in production of malcirculation of the portal system after distal splenorenal shunt. PMID- 6685204 TI - [Fatal case of retrograde aortic dissection developing during cardiopulmonary bypass]. PMID- 6685205 TI - [Urinary ferritin in urogenital diseases. 2. Clinical evaluation of urinary ferritin in malignant tumors of the urogenital system]. PMID- 6685206 TI - [Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) contained in the urogenital tissue--with special reference to tumor tissues]. PMID- 6685207 TI - [The continence mechanism. 1. Functional urethral length necessary for continence]. PMID- 6685208 TI - A marine horsehair worm, Nectonema sp., parasitizing atelecyclid crab, Erimacrus isenbeckii, from Hokkaido, Japan. PMID- 6685209 TI - [Transcutaneous transhepatic portography in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6685210 TI - [Changes in the granulocyte membrane in mucoviscidosis]. AB - Important polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functions are dependent on an intact cytoskeleton, consistent of the microtubulus and microfilament system. This can be assayed from the mobility of fluorescence labelled Concanavalin A (Con A) receptor complexes on the cell surface. Con A shows an uniform surface distribution on cells with an intact microtubulus system, whereas it's disruption causes a Con A cap formation. The alteration of the microtubulus and microfilament systems induces a patchy Con A distribution. Only 44% PMNs of 20 children with cystic fibrosis exhibited with a random Con A fluorescence distribution an intact cytoskeleton compared to 69% control PMNs. But 32% cystic fibrosis PMNs and 23% control PMNs showed a Con A capping phenomena, which is associated with a microtubulus alteration. In addition, 24% cystic fibrosis PMNs demonstrated a patchy fluorescence, representing a microtubulus and microfilament disruption, compared to 8% patched control PMNs. This study supports the idea, that the chronic bacterial infections cause in cystic fibrosis PMNs a cytoskeleton defect, which represents as a leukocyte-function defect an additional infection promoting factor. PMID- 6685212 TI - Progress toward initiating and maintaining high-dose alcohol drinking in monkey social groups. AB - Monkeys in a social group drank sufficient alcohol to develop physical dependence, but it was not demonstrated that alcohol reinforced the drinking. Possible protocols for inducing sustained high-dose, alcohol-reinforced alcohol drinking in monkey social groups are proposed. PMID- 6685211 TI - [13q syndrome--partial monosomy of the long arm of chromosome 13]. AB - Examination of spontaneous abortions often reveals deletion 13q-. The authors report on a case of de novo deletion in a female newborn with karyotype 46,XX,del (13) (q33) and discuss the problems of the mapping of clinical syndromes. The critical part of the 13q- syndrome is presumably the band 13q33 and/or 13q34. In clinically suspicious cases chromosome visualization should be done with reliable methods (R-banding) in order to detect even very small defects. The gene localisation of esterase D is obviously proximal of the terminal part of chromosome 13. PMID- 6685213 TI - Enhanced tumor growth in experimental whole body hyperthermia. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of heat and chemotherapy in experimental whole body hyperthermia (WBH). A vascular technique of extracorporeal perfusion was employed to rapidly elevate body temperature in rabbits carrying the transplantable VX-2 carcinoma. Hyperthermia (greater than 41 degrees C) was achieved in a mean time of 28 minutes. Tumor-bearing rabbits receiving WBH alone exhibited poor mean survival (14 days) relative to untreated tumor-bearing animals (32 days) and the group receiving IV Cis-platinum alone (50 days) (NS, p less than .05 respectively). WBH with Cis-platinum was intermediate in terms of mean survival (30 days, NS) between the WBH alone and Cis-platinum alone groups. In this experimental model we have determined WBH to be a detrimental form of cancer therapy. Its action appears to enhance tumor proliferation, resulting in rapid animal demise. In light of these findings a reevaluation of clinical WBH may be warranted. PMID- 6685214 TI - Treatment of advanced ovarian cancer with cisplatin, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide: effect of treatment and incidence of intracranial metastases. AB - A retrospective analysis of 42 patients with stage III, IV, or recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma treated with monthly cisplatin, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (PAC) was made. Of 36 patients with measurable disease, 18 (50%) achieved a clinical complete response (CR) and 12 (33%) achieved a partial response (PR) for an objective response rate of 83%. Six stage III patients remained without measurable disease after surgery and postoperative PAC and are included in the survival data. The median survival of all patients was 22 months (10 months for nonresponders), with a median duration of response of 15 months (19+ months for clinical complete responders). Of 16 patients who underwent second-look laparotomy while in clinical CR, 8 were pathologically free of disease. Of these 8 surgically staged CRs, 2 have suffered CNS relapses, while the rest remain free of disease. One additional patient, who had been found to have only microscopic disease at the time of second-look surgery, subsequently relapsed in the CNS, for a total of 3 patients with CNS relapse. We conclude that PAC is an effective regimen, but that prolonged survival of these patients may put them at greater risk for CNS relapse. PMID- 6685215 TI - [Determination of the estrous cycle in the female rat]. PMID- 6685216 TI - Management of infants with left ventricular outflow obstruction by conduit interposition between the ventricular apex and thoracic aorta. AB - On the basis of experience with older children, creation of a double-outlet ventricle by interposition of a valved conduit between the apex of the left ventricle and the thoracic aorta appeared to be an option for treating life threatening left ventricular outflow tract obstruction even in the small heart of the infant. Over the recent 3 year period, nine infants ranging in age from 3 days to 13 months with various forms of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction underwent placement of an apical-aortic conduit to decompress the hypertensive left ventricle. There were two early and two late deaths. Five patients are clinically well and developing normally 5 to 23 months following the operation. This series demonstrates that this operation permits normal growth and development in infants previously failing to thrive. Echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization data suggest that left ventricular function need not be adversely affected by placement of a stent in the small infant ventricle; rather, ventricular function can be markedly improved. Although the mortality in this series is appreciable, it appears that apical-aortic conduit interposition can provide significant palliation for infants with otherwise lethal left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. PMID- 6685218 TI - Galactorrhoea due to domperidone. PMID- 6685217 TI - [Behavior therapy in psychiatry--an overview]. PMID- 6685219 TI - Fetal tachycardia. PMID- 6685221 TI - Angiosarcoma of the heart: report of a case in a 9-year-old boy. AB - A 9-year-old boy with a myocardiac angiosarcoma is described; the tumor was diagnosed by echocardiography and the boy underwent surgery followed by radio and chemotherapy. Death occurred 5 months after surgery, probably due to abdominal hemorrhage from metastases. The young age of the patient, the acute and reversible hepatic damage, the use of echocardiography for diagnosis and the possible role of the extracorporeal circulation in determining the metastases are emphasized. PMID- 6685220 TI - Administration of a complex chemotherapy regimen: inpatient versus outpatient treatment. AB - The ability to administer a complex chemotherapy regimen, adriamycin and cis platinum, was evaluated in two different settings, inpatient and outpatient. On comparison, outpatient administration proved superior. This resulted from the interest and experience of the staff administering the medications. It is recommended that outpatient administration of chemotherapy, even with complex protocols, be employed whenever feasible. PMID- 6685222 TI - [Bertielliasis: a description of a case brought into the USSR]. PMID- 6685223 TI - Influence of protein net charge on the nucleic acid helix-destabilizing activity of various pancreatic ribonucleases. AB - Helix-destabilization of double-stranded poly[d(A-T)]induced by various homologous pancreatic ribonucleases which differ in their net charges has been studied under different ionic strength conditions. The response of the destabilizing activity of the various proteins to ionic strength is represented by bell-shaped curves, whose maxima are shifted to higher ionic strength values the higher the number of positive charges of the RNAase involved in the nucleic acid-protein complex. This observation is discussed, and a model proposed, that could explain the experimental results presented. PMID- 6685224 TI - DNA-binding peptides from rat liver and Novikoff hepatoma cells: quantitative level and possible biochemical differences. AB - DNA isolated from rat liver by intensive deproteinization with chloroform/isoamyl alcohol and phenol contains low molecular weight peptides in a quantity of about 20 micrograms/mg DNA. These peptides show high specific activity in inhibiting transcription in a reconstituted cell-free system with prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerase. Their level is markedly decreased in DNA prepared from Novikoff hepatoma cells. Moreover the amino acid analysis and the pattern of analytical separation by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) show some biochemical differences between DNA-binding peptides extracted from rat liver and Novikoff hepatoma cells. The possibility that carcinogenesis may involve mechanisms which lead to selective removal of some components of the DNA-binding peptides, is discussed. PMID- 6685226 TI - Diving and asphyxia. A comparative study of animals and man. PMID- 6685225 TI - Separation of platinated derivatives of nucleic acid bases on Sephadex G10. AB - dGMP, dAMP, dCMP and dTMP were incubated with cis PDD in a nucleotide/Pt ratio 1:1 for 72 h. Following hydrolysis, Pt derivatives of the bases were separated on Sephadex G10 columns. dGMP, dAMP and dCMP reacted with cis PDD but only dGMP reacted completely. All the nucleotides mentioned above formed adducts with cis PDD with a metal to ligand ratio 1:1. Moreover an ML2 complex was isolated after the reaction of dGMP with cis PDD. These Pt-base(s) complexes were eluted from the columns in separate peaks. UV spectra of the complexes differed from the standard ones. In some peaks, eluted separately from the standards, no Pt was detected. The samples eluted in these peaks had UV spectra different from the standards. They may represent products of base degradation. PMID- 6685227 TI - Induction of pyruvate decarboxylase in Candida utilis. AB - Induction of cytoplasmic pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) in Candida utilis increases with culture age throughout aerobic logarithmic phase growth on glucose and is due to oxygen depletion. Resting cells, grown on ethanol or acetate, fail to initiate PDC synthesis for two to three hours following anaerobic suspension in glucose although these cells are capable of glucose uptake. PDC induction occurs only at permissive growth temperatures, i.e., 5 degrees C to 35 degrees C. A preliminary characterization of the enzyme indicates an activity optimum of 35 degrees C and a lack of any regulatory properties. PMID- 6685228 TI - [Cryptococcal meningitis, herpes genitalis and oral candidiasis in a homosexual man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6685229 TI - [Herpes vulvitis]. PMID- 6685230 TI - The pituitary-adrenal response to novel stimulation and ether stress in young adult and aged rats. AB - Pituitary-adrenal responsiveness to stress induced by either psychological (novelty) or physiological (ether) stimuli was examined in young (3 to 6 months) and old (24 to 27 months) male and female rats. In Experiment 1, subjects were placed in a novel environment for 3 min. Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. In Experiment 2, a blood sample was collected from experimental subjects immediately following 15 min in a novel environment; a basal sample was collected from control subjects. In Experiment 3, basal and stress blood samples were collected from subjects exposed to ether vapors. Blood samples were assayed for plasma corticosterone content. The major findings were: (1) no change with age in either sex in basal corticosterone levels or in the time course of the adrenocortical response; (2) no change with age in males in stress-induced increments in corticoids; (3) no change with age in females in corticoid elevations induced by a mild stressor (Experiment 1), but a decrement in elevations induced by more potent stressors (Experiments 2 and 3). PMID- 6685231 TI - The role of the substantia nigra in motility of the rat. Muscular rigidity, body asymmetry and catalepsy after injection of morphine into the nigra. AB - Unilateral injection of morphine (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 micrograms/0.5 microliter) into the substantia nigra pars reticulata produced, in a dose-dependent way, tonic activity in the electromyogram (EMG) recorded from the ipsilateral gastrocnemius soleus muscle of unanaesthetized rats. The effect produced by 5 micrograms of morphine was antagonized by co-administration of 5 micrograms of naloxone. Bilateral injection of morphine (5 micrograms each side) also produced a tonic activity in the EMG and catalepsy, but no asymmetry of posture. Unilateral injection of morphine (5 micrograms) into the substantia nigra pars compacta produced contralateral turning and/or stereotypy, but no tonic activity in the EMG. Naloxone (5 micrograms), when injected into the substantia nigra failed to produce any tonic activity in the EMG or any catalepsy. Larger doses of naloxone (10 or 20 micrograms) produced slight to moderate tonic activity in the EMG when injected into the pars reticulata. Injections of saline (0.5 microliter) into either the reticulata or compacta were ineffective. Bilateral lesions of the caudate nucleus with kainic acid (1 microgram each side) did not prevent the development either of the tonic activity in the EMG or of the catalepsy, which were both produced by unilateral injection of morphine (5 micrograms) into the pars reticulata. These results suggest that opioid mechanisms in the nigra might play a role in the regulation of posture and muscle tone and participate in the expression of motor functions controlled by the striatum (and probably also by the nucleus accumbens). PMID- 6685232 TI - Antagonism by d-amphetamine of trimethyltin-induced hyperactivity evidence toward an animal model of hyperkinetic behavior. AB - In male rats of the Long-Evans strain, either 7.0 mg/kg of trimethyltin (TMT) or 0.9% NaCl was administered by intragastric gavage. After a period of recovery from the typical signs of trimethyltin toxicity, each rat was tested at 72-hr intervals for its locomotor activity in an open field apparatus, the floor of which was divided into square grids. The baseline activity of each of the trimethyltin-treated rats was significantly greater than the saline-treated controls. d-Amphetamine, injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg, augmented the hyperactivity of the trimethyltin-treated animals. However, a 4.0 mg/kg dose of d-amphetamine markedly attenuated the hyperactivity of trimethyltin-treated rats while elevating that of the controls. Since trimethyltin produced an autism-like behavioral disorder involving hyperactivity, preservation, aggressiveness and impairment in problem-solving and memory function, the placating effect of amphetamine supports the proposition that the pathology due to trimethyltin may represent an experimental analogue to the hyperkinetic syndrome in children. PMID- 6685234 TI - Multiple sclerosis and gestation. AB - The gestational history of 512 women with multiple sclerosis revealed that the risk of MS-onset, exacerbation, or progression was two to three times as high during the 6 months after childbirth as during pregnancy. Using a progression index as a measure of prognosis (disability divided by duration), the speed of deterioration was comparable for women who became pregnant and those who did not. An apparent but insignificant trend toward better prognosis for women with pregnancies after MS-onset was most likely due to their younger age at onset. The natural course of pregnancy and childbirth was comparable among women pregnant before and during the disease. There was no evidence of an increased frequency of congenital malformations in the offsprings. PMID- 6685233 TI - Structural and functional changes in neurons and glia in the sensomotor cortex in experimental neurosis. PMID- 6685235 TI - Cerebral palsy--trends in incidence and changes in concurrent neonatal mortality: Rochester, MN, 1950-1976. AB - We studied all identified cases of cerebral palsy (CP) born to residents of Rochester, MN, during a 27-year period. Incidence rates per 1,000 neonatal survivors were computed for three 9-year intervals. For children with persisting findings, the incidence rate of all syndromes declined from 2.3 to 1.6. For spastic syndromes, this trend was more marked (2.1 to 0.9). For newborns with birthweight over 2,500 g, both CP incidence and neonatal mortality rates (NMR) declined in parallel. For the low birthweight neonate, coincident with a precipitous drop in NMR, the CP incidence rate remained essentially unchanged. In the face of increasing neonatal survival, the overall incidence rate of CP declined. The decrease in the absolute risk of CP was limited to the greater than 2,500-g neonatal survivor. PMID- 6685237 TI - Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). AB - One method of evaluating the degree of neurologic impairment in MS has been the combination of grades (0 = normal to 5 or 6 = maximal impairment) within 8 Functional Systems (FS) and an overall Disability Status Scale (DSS) that had steps from 0 (normal) to 10 (death due to MS). A new Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is presented, with each of the former steps (1,2,3 . . . 9) now divided into two (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 . . . 9.5). The lower portion is obligatorily defined by Functional System grades. The FS are Pyramidal, Cerebellar, Brain Stem, Sensory, Bowel & Bladder, Visual, Cerebral, and Other; the Sensory and Bowel & Bladder Systems have been revised. Patterns of FS and relations of FS by type and grade to the DSS are demonstrated. PMID- 6685236 TI - New form of familial Parkinson-dementia syndrome: clinical and pathologic findings. AB - We studied a family in which three siblings had a syndrome characterized by parkinsonism features, mental deterioration, pyramidal signs, and abnormal eye movements beginning in the third decade. The pathology resembled that of progressive supranuclear palsy or the Parkinson-dementia complex of Guam, but these were excluded by the clinical presentation. This syndrome appears to be a new entity. PMID- 6685238 TI - Conduction velocity along human muscle fibers in situ. AB - When muscle fibers are stimulated in the distal portion of the human biceps brachii, far enough from the end-plate region, a discrete single fiber activity can be picked up proximally by means of a selective recording electrode. The distally evoked potentials show a linear relationship between latency and distance and can be recorded also in curarized patients. The risk of stimulating the intramuscular nerve endings is remote and, when it occasionally happens, the indirectly evoked muscle activity can be distinguished from the direct one. As direct muscle stimulation is feasible and safe, propagation velocity along single fibers can be determined in situ over a long distance. The results obtained in 50 normal subjects are presented. PMID- 6685240 TI - Lymphocytic meningoradiculitis in the United States. AB - Lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (Bannwarth's syndrome) is a radicular neuralgia associated with a chronic lymphocytic pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid and frequently with unilateral or bilateral peripheral facial weakness. Most reported cases have occurred during the summer among adults living in central Europe. Lymphocytic meningoradiculitis has occurred in the United States in a few patients with Lyme disease and erythema chronicum migrans. However, it may occur independently. We describe a woman with no erythema chronicum migrans, in whom lymphocytic meningoradiculitis preceded a migratory oligoarthropathy by 5 months. PMID- 6685239 TI - Pick's disease (lobar sclerosis): depletion of neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert. AB - The nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the presynaptic cholinergic deficiency in the cerebrum of patients with Alzheimer's disease. To further define the role of this cholinergic basal forebrain nucleus in dementia, we examined the nbM in two patients with lobar sclerosis, or Pick's disease (PD). The brains of both of these patients showed substantial reductions in the number of nerve cells in many neuronal populations, including the nbM. Our observations of the changes in the nbM are correlated with previous investigations of cholinergic markers in PD. PMID- 6685241 TI - Idiopathic hemochromatosis (IHC): dementia and ataxia as presenting signs. AB - Idiopathic hemochromatosis (IHC) is a genetically determined impairment in control of iron absorption that results in excessive parenchymal iron deposition, particularly in the liver. Of patients with IHC, 50% have little or no chemical evidence of liver dysfunction. Cirrhosis may be clinically occult, but still cause a syndrome of chronic hepatocerebral degeneration. Two patients are reported with IHC and a syndrome of ataxia, rigidity, myoclonic jerks, and dementia. Other associated symptoms may include diminished libido, decreased hearing, peripheral neuropathy, and large joint disease. Because symptoms of IHC can be reversed by phlebotomy, appropriate laboratory studies should be considered to exclude IHC in any patient with unexplained dementia, encephalopathy, and gait ataxia. PMID- 6685242 TI - Skin conductance, temperature, and blood flow in causalgia. AB - To test the hypothesis that causalgia is a reflex sympathetic dystrophy with focal sympathetic hyperactivity in the painful area, we studied skin conductance, temperature, and a radiometric index of blood flow in 10 patients and 10 controls. Skin conductance was significantly higher, and both skin temperature and blood flow index were significantly lower in the patient extremities. When the affected and homologous, non-affected extremity values were compared, asymmetries were more common and of larger magnitude in the patient group. There was no consistent pattern of asymmetry. These results do not support the hypothesis that causalgia is a reflex sympathetic dystrophy. PMID- 6685243 TI - Headache as an epileptic manifestation. AB - In two cases, depth electrode studies and behavioral recordings indicated that headache was a clinical manifestation of ictal activity. The epileptogenic focus was found in the right limbic system, and right temporal lobectomy relieved the headaches. PMID- 6685244 TI - Attention deficit disorder: quantitative analysis of CT. AB - We compared the measurements of CTs in two groups of children: 35 satisfying DSM III criteria for attention deficit disorder (ADD) and 27 controls with other conditions. The groups were comparable in age, sex, and IQ. Measurements of the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles, bifrontal width, and right and left hemispheres did not differ. The ratio of ventricular size/bifrontal brain width (Evan's Index) averaged 0.237 in ADD and 0.263 in controls--results similar to those obtained in normal children by other investigators. Our findings suggest that when quantitative techniques, contrast populations, and "blind" analysis of CTs are employed, the results are indistinguishable in children with ADD and contrasts. If anatomic abnormalities are present in ADD, they are not discernible with current CT technology. PMID- 6685246 TI - Failure of naloxone to reverse vascular neurologic deficits. AB - Naloxone failed to improve motor strength in any of 19 patients with acute stroke, even though 4 patients eventually demonstrated complete recovery. Two patients worsened, and sensory abnormalities increased in two others. Motor tone increased in eight patients. Naloxone amelioration of stroke deficits is therefore not common, and this treatment may not be entirely benign. PMID- 6685245 TI - Increased long chain acyl CoA in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Compared with normal or denervated human muscle, long chain acyl CoA was increased in muscle from patients with Duchenne dystrophy. Free and short chain acylcarnitine were reduced in Duchenne muscle, whereas long chain acylcarnitine was preserved. The accumulation of long chain fatty acid derivatives may imply disruption of fatty acid oxidation. PMID- 6685247 TI - Interictal conduction slowing in muscle fibers in hypokalemic periodic paralysis. AB - Conduction velocity in muscle fibers of the short head of biceps brachii was reduced between attacks in all the affected members of a family suffering from hypokalemic periodic paralysis. This finding represents a further evidence of a primary alteration of sarcolemmal function in this disease. Interictal conduction slowing in muscle fibers is consistent with the prevailing pathophysiologic hypothesis, which considers an increased membrane permeability to sodium ions as the fundamental defect underlying all forms of familial periodic paralysis. PMID- 6685248 TI - Clinical findings in children with occipital spike-wave complexes suppressed by eye-opening. AB - We studied the EEG abnormality of occipital sharp and slow waves significantly or completely suppressed by eye-opening in 16 patients. All had seizures consisting of transient loss of consciousness. Most experienced additional grand mal, partial (simple or complex), or clonic fits. Response to treatment was poor initially in 9 and subsequently in 11. Learning difficulties were present in 10 children. The cases illustrate the wide range of clinical disorders that may accompany the EEG abnormality and indicate that the prognosis associated with this EEG pattern is not necessarily benign. PMID- 6685249 TI - Lateral tegmental brainstem hemorrhages. PMID- 6685250 TI - Immunocytochemical studies of human peripheral nerve with serum . . . PMID- 6685251 TI - Carbamazepine in prophylaxis of febrile seizures in phenobarbital failures. PMID- 6685252 TI - Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency--a nonfamilial, nondisease? PMID- 6685253 TI - Facial myokymia in Guillain-Barre. PMID- 6685254 TI - Brainstem reflexes and cerebral death. PMID- 6685255 TI - Plasmapheresis in Guillain-Barre. PMID- 6685256 TI - Two routes of continuous amphetamine administration induce different behavioral and neurochemical effects in the rat. AB - Continuous amphetamine administration has proven to be a useful pharmacological tool. The two systems popularly used for the continuous administration of amphetamine differ in their release characteristics; output of drug from passive diffusion silicone-tubing implants gradually declines over several days, while that osmotically driven, active pumps remain more stable over time. A matched dose comparison of the behavioral and neurochemical effects of both systems was performed in which silicone pellets and pumps were filled with appropriate concentrations of drug so as to release equal total quantities over the test period of 5 days. Rat behavior and brain catecholamine levels were affected in quantitatively and qualitatively different ways. The interesting constellation of behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with the use of silicone-tubing systems for the continuous administration of amphetamine may not be confounded by its declining output, but rather caused by it. PMID- 6685257 TI - A new pyrethroid insecticide with remarkable potency on nerve axons. AB - The analog of cis-tetramethrin with a 2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropyl replacement for the 2-methyl-1-propenyl group, i.e., "methanotetramethrin", is one of the most neuroactive compounds ever described. It is 10(3)- to greater then 10(5)-fold more potent than tetramethrin in inducing repetitive firing following stimulation in a cockroach cercal sensory nerve in vitro, and the repetitive firing is considerably more persistent. Also, it is more toxic to the cockroach and the housefly. The remarkable potency of methanotetramethrin, giving consistent repetitive firing in this nerve assay at 10(-18) M, and the speculation that it may undergo reversible covalent binding via Michael addition indicate that it could be a useful neurophysiological probe and candidate affinity label for the sodium channel. PMID- 6685259 TI - Early neurotoxic effects of occupational lead exposure: a prospective study. AB - A prospective follow-up study focusing on workers who entered a battery factory was started in 1975. Out of an initial number of 89 workers, 23 were available for the 1-yr, 15 for the 2-yr and 10 for the 4-yr re-examination. From an initially larger non-exposed reference group (N = 34), 23 were matched with respect to age, sex, and initial nerve conduction velocities and similarly followed. In the exposed group especially the sensory conduction velocities of the median nerve decreased during the 2-yr follow-up. Some increase in the motor distal latency of the median nerve was also noted. When the lead workers were divided into two groups according to the median Pb-B value (30 micrograms/100 ml), several motor and sensory conduction velocities were significantly slower in the lead group with the higher Pb-B levels in the 1- and 2-yr follow-up examinations as compared with those with the lower levels. Those workers whose Pb B level hd quickly risen to over 30 micrograms/100 ml quit after one or two years. Those who continued in the battery plant for up to four years had a slower initial rise in their Pb-B levels, which rarely exceeded 30 micrograms/100 ml; this group showed no significant differences in their conduction velocities in the 4-yr re-examination in comparison with the reference group. PMID- 6685258 TI - Influence of trimethyl lead and inorganic lead on the in vitro assembly of microtubules from mammalian brain. AB - The influence of trimethyl lead (TriML) and inorganic lead (Pb) on the in vitro assembly of microtubules (MTs) from tubulin of porcine brain was studied using turbidity measurements and electron microscopy. At concentrations of 150 to 650 microM Pb, no significant effects on the in vitro assembly of MTs could be detected by both methods. On the other hand, TriML increasingly blocked MT assembly at 100 to 200 microM and completely inhibited assembly at 300 microM TriML and higher concentrations. Application of 400 microM TriML to preassembled MTs caused an immediate drop of the optical density. Electron microscopy showed that one minute after addition of TriML to assembled MTs only very few intact MTs could be detected whereas ten minutes later MTs were completely absent. The observed increase of optical density following the TriML-induced drop was found to be due to the formation of clusters of aggregates but not to assembly of MTs. The results demonstrate that inorganic lead and trimethyl lead have different effects on the in vitro assembly of MTs. It is assumed that the selective neurotoxic effects of organic lead might be due, at least in part, to impairments of neurotubular structures and functions. PMID- 6685260 TI - Lead exposure and nerve conduction velocity: the differential time course of sensory and motor nerve effects. AB - Nerve conduction velocities (NCV) of the median motor, median sensory, peroneal motor, and sural nerves were measured on 40 lead-exposed automobile production workers as part of a comprehensive health survey. Blood lead (Pb-B) and blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) were measured. The control group (N = 31) consisted of workers without lead exposure. All subjects were screened for the following conditions: Limb, neck or back injury, diabetes, neurological disease, and alcohol consumption of more than 28 alcoholic beverages per week. Limb temperature was assessed at three sites for each NCV measurement. The lead exposed workers had slower median sensory NCV (42.9 vs. 46.8 m/sec, p less than 0.006) and slower sural NCV (37.8 vs. 42.8 m/sec, p less than 0.0004). All NCV estimates were then statistically adjusted for age and temperature, and transformed to Z values for further analyses. The mean standardized NCVs were slower in the lead-exposed group for the median sensory (-1.03 vs. -0.04, p less than 0.0003) and the sural nerves (-2.52 vs. -0.52, p less than 0.001). The study group was divided into two groups, with less than ten years and more than ten years of lead exposure. The subsample exposed less than ten years showed slowing of the median sensory (-0.94 vs. -0.04, p less than 0.005) and the sural nerves ( 2.42 vs. -0.52, p less than 0.0001). Pb-B and ZPP levels were correlated with sural velocity (r = -0.54, p less than 0.04, and 4 = -49, p less than 0.06, respectively. Mean Pb-B was 59.7 micrograms/dl and mean ZPP was 175.8 micrograms/dl).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685261 TI - Brain regional glucose use during Soman-induced seizures. AB - The (14C)-2-deoxyglucose procedure was used to determine the effects of the potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Soman on regional metabolism in the brain. Groups of rats were given 112 micrograms/kg Soman, 84 micrograms/kg Soman, or saline i.m., and 15 min later the (14C)-2-deoxyglucose mapping procedure was initiated. All animals given 112 micrograms/kg Soman and 2 of 6 given 84 micrograms/kg Soman developed seizures that continued throughout the mapping procedure. Very high rates of glucose use occurred in most of the brain regions studied during seizures. The most striking increases occurred in substantia nigra, septum, outer layer of dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, hippocampal body, frontal cortex, caudate, ventral thalamus, parietal cortex, medial geniculate and interpeduncular nucleus. Only the inferior colliculus, superior olivary nucleus and lateral habenula were unaffected by the seizures. The mid layers of cerebral cortex rostral to superior colliculus showed marked reductions in glucose use which may represent inhibition of neuronal activity or functional failure from depleted energy reserves. The animals given 84 micrograms/kg i.m. that did not have seizures had regional glucose use patterns similar to the controls. The results indicate that the brain damage observed by others in Soman treated rats may be in part due to the excessive neuronal stimulation that occurs during the prolonged Soman-induced seizure. PMID- 6685262 TI - Quantitation and localization of 204thallium in the central and peripheral nervous system of adult and young rats. AB - A single dose of 204Tl, representing about 2-3 ng 204Tl per gm/wt was injected into young and adult rats. Rats were killed daily over a period of 10 days and the levels of Tl were estimated in nervous and other tissues. The greatest concentrations of Tl (peak concentration time - PCT) in all tissues in the adult rat occurred 24 hours after injection. In the young rat PCT in the sciatic nerve and spinal cord were 48 hours after injection whereas it occurred 24 hours after injection in the brain and somatic organs. There were differences in biological half-lives of the organs in the young as compared to the adult rats. Tl level in all organs except the kidney, were about 2 pg/mg of tissue. It was concentrated in the cytoplasm of most cells examined. Tl levels then fell rapidly during the few days following the injection, and slowly afterwards. Thirty days after the injection, tracts of 204Tl were present in the cytoplasm of nervous and somatic cells. PMID- 6685263 TI - Effect of subchronic dermal application of O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate on producing delayed neurotoxicity in hens. AB - Daily dermal administration for 90 days of 0.01 to 10 mg/kg of O-ethyl O-4 nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN) technical grade (85%) in acetone (0.1 ml) on the unprotected back of the neck produced delayed neurotoxicity. Hens given 2.5 to 10 mg/kg daily doses also received daily doses of atropine sulfate for 5 or 6 days to protect against cholinergic acute toxicity. Severity of the clinical condition depended on the concentration of the daily dermal dose of EPN; i.e., while hens given small doses showed only ataxia, those treated with large doses progressed to paralysis and died. The most consistent histopathologic alteration was the degeneration of axons and myelin in the spinal cord which was identical to that found in positive control hens that received daily dermal doses of 5 or 10 mg/kg tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP). Some of the hens treated daily with the smallest tested dose of EPN (0.001 mg/kg) which did not show clinical signs of delayed neurotoxicity showed equivocal histological changes in the spinal cord. EPN and TOCP treatments had a more profound effect on the activity of plasma butyrylcholinesterase than that of brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE). by contrast O,O,-diethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (parathion) was more inhibitory to brain AChE. Negative control hens that were treated with 90 daily dermal doses of 1 mg/kg of parathion initially showed leg weakness followed by recovery. A group of hens that received the same volume of acetone (0.1 ml) daily remained normal. PMID- 6685264 TI - Measurement and evaluation of testing endpoints. PMID- 6685265 TI - Screening, acute delayed and subchronic neurotoxicity studies in the hen: measurements and evaluations of clinical signs following administration of TOCP. PMID- 6685266 TI - Acute delayed neurotoxicity in hens dosed with tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP): correlation between clinical ataxia and neuropathological findings. PMID- 6685267 TI - A subchronic study (90 day) using multiple dose levels of tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP): some neuropathological observations in the domestic hen. PMID- 6685268 TI - The significance of background neurologic lesions in acute delayed neurotoxicity studies: a comparison o neurohistopathologic lesions induced in commercial hens by tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOCP) with those observed in negative control hens. PMID- 6685269 TI - Biochemical endpoints: neurotoxic esterase assay. PMID- 6685270 TI - Urodynamic appraisal of the Bonney test in women with stress urinary incontinence. AB - To determine the validity of the Bonney test as a prognostic screening test for urinary incontinence, the urethral and urethrovesical functions were studied under resting and stressful conditions. The characteristic similarity of changes was evident in the functional profile length, closure pressure, and cough pressure profile of the urethra during performance of the Bonney test and intentional urethral occlusion. This study clearly invalidated the Bonney test by objectively demonstrating that the Bonney test restored continence under stress of coughing by obstructing the urethra and urethrovesical junction. PMID- 6685271 TI - Regeneration of cervical epithelium after laser vaporization. AB - The process of reepithelialization after laser vaporization of normal cervical squamous epithelium was examined using light and electron microscopy. Tissue specimens were obtained from seven patients at time intervals ranging from seven to 16 days after laser vaporization. Immature squamous epithelium appeared at the edge of the laser crater between seven and 14 days, and by 14 to 16 days, the immature epithelium covered the entire crater area. The observations made in this study concur with those of other studies of the healing process of squamous epithelium, whereby immature cells from the surrounding undamaged epithelium migrate into the damaged area, eventually differentiating into a full thickness of epithelium. PMID- 6685273 TI - In vitro incubation of lenses: a model for investigations on lens transparency by varying the perfusion rate, osmolarity and temperature of the culture medium. AB - A Beckman photometer was modified so that the unfiltered beam of a tungsten lamp could pass vertically through a special chamber. This particular chamber, containing two compartments, allowed certain modifications of the incubation conditions with respect to the anterior and/or posterior lens surface. The temperature of the incubation media was variable between 15 degrees and 37 degrees C; they were led into the chamber by hose gauge at different perfusion rates. The light transmission measured by the photometer was registered by a Honeywell recorder. Preliminary results of the various incubation conditions on the lens transparency of pig lenses are presented. PMID- 6685274 TI - Histopathology of argon laser photocoagulation in juvenile diabetic retinopathy. AB - A 24-year-old woman had insulin-dependent juvenile diabetes for 15 years. She developed Sheehan's syndrome (postpartum pituitary necrosis) and diabetic nephropathy at 20 years of age. She had multiple sessions of argon laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Histologically, loss of outer retina and pigmented epithelium occurred at the laser sites. Trypsin retinal digest preparations revealed microaneurysms and markedly decreased numbers of pericytes. The kidneys displayed nodular glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome). The anterior pituitary showed cystic degeneration and old hemorrhage. PMID- 6685272 TI - Indulging .. to the point of destruction. PMID- 6685275 TI - Studies on the physiopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the horse. VIII. Mean modal vectors of the P wave and the QRS complex. AB - Mean modal vectors of P1, P2 and QRS were determined in the 3 planes of a semi orthogonal EKG lead system in 17 horses and ponies with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in 17 clinically normal horses and ponies. Subjects were paired so that the heart rates of each pair were not dissimilar by more than 2 cycles per minute. Probably significant differences were observed between the mean angles of P1 vectors in the transverse and sagittal planes (T plane, normal = 324 degrees +/- 24,6 degrees, COPD = 342 degrees +/- 21,0 degrees, t = 2,0, P less than 0,05; S plane, normal = 331 degrees +/- 22,6 degrees, COPD = 348 degrees +/- 16,2 degrees, t = 2,52, P less than 0,02). There were no significant differences between the mean angles of planar modal QRS vectors of normal subjects and those of COPD subjects. PMID- 6685276 TI - [Hyperprolactinemia and functional infertility]. PMID- 6685277 TI - [Immunoregulating factors of the serum in toxic hepatitis]. PMID- 6685278 TI - [Humoral immunologic reaction after trauma of various severities]. PMID- 6685279 TI - Viral infections of the human cervix: colposcopic, cytologic, histopathologic study. PMID- 6685280 TI - [Angiosarcoma of the breast. Report of a case]. PMID- 6685281 TI - [Efficacy of balloon occlusion superior mesenteric artery for visualization of portal venous system. Comparison with superior mesenteric arteriography using PGE1]. PMID- 6685282 TI - Effect of chronic vasopressin treatment on alcohol drinking of Brattleboro HZ and DI rats. AB - Preference for alcohol was determined for three groups of male and female rats, 100-150 days old, comprised of: (1) Long Evans (LE); (2) LE-derived Brattleboro heterozygous (HZ): and (3) Brattleboro homozygous (DI) animals afflicted with diabetes insipidus due to vasopressin deficiency. Each alcohol drinking test was run over 11 days during which food, water and an ethyl alcohol solution, increased in concentration from 3% to 25%, were freely available. Following an initial preference screen, 100 milli-units of vasopressin tannate in oil was administered subcutaneously, during a second preference test, once per day to each animal. This treatment ameliorated the polydipsia-polyuria syndrome characteristic of the DI sub-strain of Brattleboro rat. Administration of the peptide to both the LE or HZ animals exerted no effect on g/kg intake nor on the proportional measure of alcohol to water. However, in the DI rat of either gender, vasopressin reduced the mean absolute gram intake of alcohol over concentrations to resemble that of the other LE and/or HZ groups. These results demonstrate that vasopressin serves to normalize the intake of alcohol in the DI rat by virtue of the elimination of the diabetic condition. However, since vasopressin fails to alter alcohol consumption of the HZ and LE rats, it would appear that this neuroactive peptide may play only a minor role in the CNS mechanisms governing the voluntary selection of alcohol. PMID- 6685283 TI - [Immunoglobulins in asymptomatic zoonotic Salmonella infections and abdominal typhus]. PMID- 6685284 TI - [Hyperprolactinemia in women: physiopathology and clinical aspects]. PMID- 6685285 TI - [Amenorrhea-galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia as indicators of the presence of pituitary adenoma - prolactinoma]. PMID- 6685286 TI - The red eye. Why it happens, what to do, when to refer. AB - The ability to differentiate the various causes of ocular hyperemia is important in primary care. Symptoms such as pain, photophobia, and significant blurring of vision usually signify a more serious ocular condition or even a serious systemic disease. The majority of cases can be managed by the primary care physician, but the more serious causes of a red eye deserve prompt recognition and referral to an ophthalmologist to ensure appropriate management. PMID- 6685287 TI - Grouping in Japanese quail. 1. Agonistic behavior during feeding. AB - Agonistic behavior in male Japanese quail, shown by aggressive pecking after feed restriction, was potentiated in unstable groups (a visitor bird moved to a new cage containing an unfamiliar resident each 24-hr period) but not in stable (a pair that was never changed once the birds were placed in cages) groups. The resident quail were more aggressive than either visitors or individuals of the stable groups. Ambivalent behavior (behavior characterized by an aggressive action followed immediately by a submissive posture) during feeding competition was observed in both the unstable and stable groupings. The ambivalent behavior appeared to be a conditioned response and was probably a result of the motivation to feed after a period of feed deprivation. During the experimental period the stable pairs of quail gained 28% of their initial body weight, but the resident and visitor quail, which were in the unstable grouping, gained only 15 and 13%, respectively. The differences in percentage weight gain were significant. Paired testes weights of the resident and visitor quail were significantly less than those of the stable birds. PMID- 6685288 TI - Filling rates of the uterovaginal sperm storage glands in the turkey. AB - Large White turkey hens were assigned to two groups of 30 birds each and photostimulated at 32 weeks of age. Group 1 hens (nonlaying) were artificially inseminated (AI) three times prior to the onset of lay on Days 14, 15, and 16 postlighting. Group 2 hens (laying) were also inseminated three times as in Group 1, but the inseminations followed the onset of egg production on Days 23, 24, and 25 postlighting. Six hens from each group were sacrificed following the initial insemination at intervals of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days. Histological sections of the uterovaginal (UV) junction from each hen were made to determine filling rates of the sperm storage glands. Sperm concentrations in the UV glands of the nonlaying hens did not increase significantly beyond 24 hr post-AI. There was a significant (P less than .05) peak, however, in the number of stored spermatozoa on Day 5 post-AI in the laying hens. These results indicate that inseminations performed in the absence of oviposition and ovulation enable the UV sperm storage glands to be filled nearer their capacity with fewer inseminations. PMID- 6685289 TI - Autoradiographic demonstration of the penetration of albumen-derived material through the vitelline membrane into the egg yolk, exterior to the avian blastoderm. AB - A method enabling in ovo transplantation and cultivation of fertilized, unincubated quail yolks is described. By this technique, nonradioactive yolks were transferred into nonradioactive egg shells filled with in vivo radioactively labeled albumen. With autoradiography it was demonstrated that during early avian blastoderm development, albumen-derived material can penetrate through the vitelline membrane of the acellular rimzone distal to the margin of over-growth. PMID- 6685290 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of fowl oviducal cells and HeLa and BHK-21 cells incubated with or without fowl spermatozoa in vitro. AB - The morphology of cells cultured at 41 C with and without fowl spermatozoa was observed with the scanning electron microscope. At the beginning of incubation, abnormal spermatozoa were comparatively few, and spermatozoa were found on the surface of the cultured cells. Morphological alteration of spermatozoa increased with increasing incubation interval and included head and tail coiling with occasional separation of heads from flagella. PMID- 6685291 TI - Live monovular twin chicks from a single yolk chicken egg. AB - Monovular fully formed twin chicks were recorded from a single-yolked egg. The chicks were attached to a common umbilical cord. One of the twin chicks survived for 10 weeks and the other for 4 days. PMID- 6685292 TI - Uterine arterial responses to arachidonate in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits. AB - Several investigators have suggested that prostaglandins (PG) may play a major regulatory role in maintaining uteroplacental blood flow in pregnancy. The present study was undertaken to assess the response of the uterine artery from near-term pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits to the PG precursor Na-arachidonate (AA) (C 20:4). Isolated uterine arterial strips were equilibrated isometrically under their optimal resting tensions in physiologic salt solution. Uterine arteries from pregnant rabbits elicited significantly greater contractile responses to arachidonate over the dose-range studied (10(-10)-10(-3) M) than did arteries from nonpregnant rabbits. These contractions were seen whether the strip was relaxed or precontracted with potassium chloride (30 mM). The contractile responses to AA were antagonized in a competitive manner by pretreating the arteries with the cyclooxygenase inhibitors meclofenamate (10(-5) M) or indomethacin (10(-5) M), thus suggesting that the contractile response to AA was the result of its conversion to prostanoids by the cyclooxygenase pathway. The possibility that the AA response was a general fatty acid effect was ruled out since oleate (C 18:1) had no effect on the arteries. In addition, prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 (10(-5) M) also contracted the uterine arteries from the pregnant group. It is concluded from these studies that the uterine arterial wall from near-term pregnant rabbits utilizes the PG precursor, AA, for the production of prostanoids which, in turn, cause uterine arterial constriction. PMID- 6685293 TI - Ovarian blood flow in the rat: association with body weight, the estrous cycle, and pseudopregnancy. AB - The relationships of ovarian blood flow (OBF) to ovarian function, body weight, cyclic state, and age of the corpus luteum were studied in aging rats with acutely implanted electromagnetic blood flow probes. Ovarian function was monitored by estimation of serum 17-beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels during (i) different stages of body maturation as indexed by body weight, and (ii) various stages of the estrous and pseudopregnancy (PSP) cycles. A distinct elevation in basal OBF rates was observed to occur in relation to body weight/age. Basal OBF rates and body weight exhibited a near linear correlation (r = 0.985; P less than or equal to 0.001) between 200 and 260 g, with a rise in mean basal OBF rates from 1.1 to 3.2 ml/min occurring in Day-8 PSP rats (Day 0 = ovulation). In weight-regulated (greater than or equal to 250 g) cycle rats, OBF increased in parallel with serum E2 levels during the proestrus-estrus period in association with ovulation, and subsequently declined to basal levels on diestrus. In PSP rats, OBF remained elevated between Days 1 and 8, during the period of peak luteal function. Between Days 8 and 12, both OBF and luteal function declined in a parallel manner as the ovary prepared for the subsequent ovulatory period. These results indicate that during the estrous cycle, OBF rates and serum E2 levels rise in a parallel manner, whereas during PSP, serum P levels and OBF are positively correlated. The parallel decline in OBF and serum P during luteolysis suggest that both parameters are functionally related and may be regulated by either a systemic or intraovarian controlling mechanism. PMID- 6685294 TI - The use of antibodies to detect carcinogen - DNA adducts in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6685295 TI - Imaging techniques for detection and extent determination of genitourinary cancer. PMID- 6685298 TI - Liver superoxide dismutases and catalase during ethanol inhalation and withdrawal. AB - Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) studied during ethanol vapor inhalation shows no changes during the inhalation period (4 days) and a transient increase 12 hours after ethanol withdrawal. A significant decrease in cytosolic Cu-Zn-SOD is found at the end of the inhalation period and was sustained during 48 hours following ethanol withdrawal. It is suggested that this decrease in Cu-Zn-SOD activity might be related to an inactivation of the enzyme linked to the increase in hydroxyl radical production related to ethanol metabolism. Cytosolic catalase is reduced at the end of the ethanol inhalation period. This decrease could be related to an enhanced superoxide radical concentration linked to the reduced Cu Zn-SOD activity. PMID- 6685297 TI - Ethanol and protein metabolism in the liver. AB - The influence of acute and chronic ethanol administration on liver protein synthesis, secretion and degradation has been studied by various research groups. Acute ethanol administration appeared to have few if any effects on protein synthesis in vivo, but reduced the synthetic rates of both stationary and exported proteins in suspensions of isolated rat liver cells. Chronic ethanol intake for more than 4 weeks inhibited protein synthesis in vivo, and in cell preparations from treated rats. This inhibitory effect was independent of animal sex, hepatic protein content and diet. The effects of acute and chronic ethanol intake on hepatic protein export are unclear with both inhibition or no effect being reported. The effect of ethanol on liver protein degradation has only been studied to a limited extent, and the results do not indicate clear and marked effects due to ethanol. The inhibitory effect of chronic ethanol intake on hepatic protein synthesis could be of importance in the development of liver injury. PMID- 6685296 TI - Alcohol oxidation by isozyme 3a of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. AB - Liver microsomes from rabbits treated chronically with ethanol were solubilized and fractionated to yield a new isozyme of cytochrome P-450 in a homogeneous state. This cytochrome, designated as isozyme 3a on the basis of its relative electrophoretic mobility, is distinct from the known terminal amino acid sequences. In addition, peptide mapping by high performance liquid chromatography following trypsinolysis indicates that form 3a is a unique gene product. This cytochrome has unusually high activity in the oxidation of ethanol and other alcohols to aldehydes and in the rho-hydroxylation of aniline as compared with the other isozymes of P-450. The ethanol-oxidizing activity of isozyme 3a, which requires the presence of NADPH and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and is stimulated by the presence of phosphatidylcholine, is not due to contamination by catalase or an NAD+-or NADP+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 6685299 TI - Effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on consumption of alcohol and alcohol-induced sleep time in mice. AB - An animal model was used to examine the effect of maternal alcohol administration on behaviors in the offspring which might predispose to alcoholism. Pregnant C3H mice were administered a liquid diet containing 28% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) from Gestation-Day 8 until parturition. Control animals were either pair fed an isocaloric 0% EDC diet or received standard lab chow and water throughout pregnancy. Offspring were tested for sleep time following a challenge dose of 3.5 or 4.5 g/kg ethanol at 25 or 110 days of age or for consumption of 10% w/v ethanol in a two-bottle choice situation. The results demonstrated that prenatal exposure to alcohol did not affect alcohol-induced sleep time at either testing age or dose and that waking blood alcohol levels were similar across groups. Voluntary alcohol consumption, however, was higher in mice exposed to alcohol in utero during the initial week of testing but intake decreased to near control levels by the third week. Whether other alcohol-related behaviors are altered by prenatal alcohol exposure remains to be examined. PMID- 6685300 TI - Ethanol and dopaminergic systems. AB - Chronic ethanol consumption produces derangements of cell membrane structure, perhaps by changing membrane lipid content. This impairment leads to modification of membrane-related processes. In fact, after chronic ethanol exposure, an increase in striatal adenylate-cyclase activity occurs. On the other hand, dopamine is unable to further potentiate the production of cyclic AMP. This finding demonstrates that the dopaminergic receptor associated with adenylate cyclase activity is affected by chronic ethanol treatment. In particular, the affinity of the dopaminergic receptor labelled by 3H-Spiperone is enhanced. In addition, the receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling system is impaired after chronic in vivo exposure of animals to ethanol. PMID- 6685302 TI - Selective increase in pericentral oxygen gradient in perfused rat liver following ethanol treatment. AB - The oxygen gradient across the liver lobule was measured in isolated, hemoglobin free perfused livers from control and ethanol-treated rats using micro-light guides and miniature oxygen electrodes. Both techniques yielded similar values for the lobular, periportal and pericentral oxygen gradients. Oxygen uptake increased 33% in livers from rats treated with ethanol for 4 to 6 weeks. In addition, the pericentral oxygen gradient increased by 100%, but the periportal gradient was unchanged. These observations suggest that chronic ethanol treatment may increase the rate of cellular respiration in pericentral regions of the liver lobule selectively. One possible explanation for a region-specific effect of ethanol may be ethanol-induced inhibition of glycolysis which predominates in pericentral hepatocytes. PMID- 6685301 TI - Neurochemical correlates of tolerance and strain differences in the neurochemical effects of ethanol. AB - The behavioral and neurochemical effects of acute and chronic ethanol administration were studied in BALB/c, C57B1/6 and DBA/2 mice. The rates of dopamine synthesis and release in the striatum were estimated by measuring the accumulation of DOPA and DOPAC, respectively, after inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase with NSD-1024. Biphasic behavioral effects were found in BALB/c and DBA/2 mice, but not in C57B1/6 mice, with low doses of ethanol producing activation and high doses, depression. Biphasic effects were also found in the dopamine response to acute doses of ethanol. The BALB/c and DBA/2 mice showed larger suppressions of DA release in the lower dose ranges of ethanol, and smaller increases at the higher doses than did the C57B1/6 mice. Ethanol stimulated dopamine synthesis in a monophasic, dose-dependent manner, and C57B1/6 mice were less sensitive to this effect of ethanol compared to the other tested strains of mice. Chronic ethanol feeding produced behavioral tolerance to the high-dose depressant effects of ethanol, but not to the low-dose activating effects. Similarly, tolerance developed in the dopaminergic responses to a higher challenge dose of ethanol (3.5 g/kg). These findings demonstrate that genetically determined differences exist in the sensitivity of the dopaminergic systems of mice to ethanol, and suggest that central dopamine neurons may be important in the behavioral effects of ethanol. PMID- 6685303 TI - Effect of acute and chronic ethanol consumption on hepatic tissue oxygen tension in rats. AB - In vivo hepatic tissue oxygenation was investigated in chronically ethanol treated rats using micro oxygen electrode and reflectance spectrophotometry. Effect of acute ethanol administration was also studied. Hepatic oxygen tension of rats treated with ethanol chronically (daily ethanol intake, 9-12 g/kg for 9 months) was very low as compared with that of normal rats, the decrease being comparable to that of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. The hepatic oxygen tension in normal controls shortly after ethanol ingestion increased from basal level (median, 23 mmHg) to 40-70 mmHg, while in chronically ethanol-treated rats, the hepatic oxygen tension decreased transiently, followed by a gradual increase, but it still remained low. In CCl4-treated rats, the hepatic oxygen tension decreased further after the ethanol ingestion. It is concluded that chronic ethanol consumption in rats resulted in hepatic hypoxia with decreased liver blood flow and volume. Also acute ethanol administration does not induce hepatic hypoxia in normal rats, while in rats with injured liver it induces hypoxia. PMID- 6685304 TI - Zonal redox changes as a cause of selective perivenular hepatotoxicity of alcohol. AB - Alcohol-induced lesions predominate in perivenular zones of the liver. To test the hypothesis that ethanol aggravates hypoxia in this zone by stimulating oxygen consumption, we measured hepatic venous pO2 after ethanol-administration to both alcohol-fed baboons (with perivenular lesions) and their controls, and found no changes: the stimulation of oxygen consumption was fully offset by a parallel increase in blood flow. Despite the lack of hypoxia, ethanol increased lactate/pyruvate (L/P) 15-fold in hepatic venous blood and only 3-fold in liver tissue. Addition of lactate to increase arterial L/P several-fold produced no changes in the hepatic venous ratio, indicating that the equilibrium between this ratio and the cytosolic redox state was reached in one passage through the liver. Thus, the higher L/P in hepatic venous blood most likely reflects an enhanced redox shift in perivenular zones. In isolated hepatocytes, a pO2 comparable to that normally prevailing in perivenular zones mimicked the exaggeration of the ethanol-induced redox shift and aggravated inhibition of protein synthesis. We therefore propose an alternate mechanism for the selective perivenular injury; namely, that the low pO2 normally prevailing at this site aggravates the redox linked toxicity of ethanol. PMID- 6685306 TI - Alcohol exposure pattern and physical dependence. AB - Intoxicating animals by inhalation of ethanol vapor allows no possibility of determining accurate daily absorbed doses of ethanol. The daily BAC versus time curve may be considered as a picture of animal intoxication during the experimental period, and the area under the BAC curve (A) indicates the intoxication level of animal. On the other hand, to compensate the development of alcohol tolerance, it is necessary to gradually increase alcohol concentration in the atmosphere (ACA). A protocol was developed to study the withdrawal syndrome intensity (WSI) in rats, based on observations of behavioral alterations. Five successive grades were described and noted in relation to more and more serious WSI. Male rats were intoxicated in various protocols in which the length of alcohol exposure (7-35 days) and the rate of increase in ACA (0.22-0.70 mg/l/day) were changed. In the condition of constant increases of ACA (0.33 mg/l/day in average), WSI varied in relation to the length to alcohol exposure. When A was kept constant, the higher the ACA increase rate was, the higher the WSI was. These results are discussed with regard to patterns of consumption of alcoholic beverages by man. PMID- 6685305 TI - Potentiation of halothane hepatotoxicity by chronic ethanol administration in rat: an animal model of halothane hepatitis. AB - To determine if chronic ethanol administration modifies the effect of halothane on the liver, fourteen male Wistar rats were pair-fed nutritionally adequate liquid diets containing either ethanol (36% of calories) or isocaloric carbohydrate (controls) for 6 weeks. After halothane anesthesia of these animals under different oxygen concentration, the livers were examined light microscopically as well as biochemically. The livers from rats fed ethanol which received halothane at low oxygen concentration showed multifocal or patchy necrosis primarily in the centrilobular regions with parenchymal lipid accumulation, whereas no such lesions were not observed in pair-fed controls. Hepatic necrosis was also seen after halothane anesthesia even at ambient oxygen concentrations, although the degree of necrosis was much milder. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 content was increased by 30% after ethanol but was decreased following halothane anesthesia. These data suggest that halothane is hepatotoxic to liver of rats chronically pretreated with ethanol, especially under hypoxic condition. PMID- 6685307 TI - Reduction in severity of physical dependence on ethanol in mice caused by desferrioxamine administration. AB - Male Swiss mice, when exposed to increasing concentrations of ethanol vapor for a period of 9 days, developed tolerance to as well as physical dependence on ethanol. Desferrioxamine, an iron-chelator and a lipid peroxidation inhibitor, administered to individual mice at a daily dose of 350 mg/kg body weight, caused a reduction in the degree of dependence but not of tolerance. Also, desferrioxamine protected the mice against the reduction in body weight increment observed over the inhalation period. It is suggested that desferrioxamine acts either via inhibiting the ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation, suspected to be involved in dependence, or via a different iron-sensitive mechanism. PMID- 6685308 TI - Metabolic factors and preference for ethanol. AB - Alcohol intoxication diminishes the metabolic differences between ethanol- and water-preferring rats in the levels of free amino acids (liver, brain, blood plasma), lipid fractions (liver), the activities of glucokinase (liver), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (brain), and the content of glucose-6-phosphate and prostaglandins (liver). The action of alcohol is discussed as that directed to the partial elimination of biochemical individuality, thus simplifying the regulation of metabolism in the living system. In this connection preferential ethanol consumption may be regarded as a biological mode of self-correction. PMID- 6685309 TI - Decrease in ethanol consumption by naloxone in naive and dependent rats. AB - Acute effects of the opiate antagonist, naloxone, on alcohol intake have been examined and compared in naive and behaviorally dependent rats. In naive rats the aversion to an 8% alcohol solution exhibited in a 30 min presentation was selectively augmented by an IP administration of naloxone (1 mg/kg) 30 min before a morning drinking session. In other rats, behavioral dependence was established by 15 days of IG administration of intoxicating doses of alcohol. This dependence was exhibited by a sustained preference for ethanol for 6 days. Naloxone (1 mg/kg) abolishes the acquired preference for ethanol tested during an 8 hour day time presentation. These effects of naloxone on alcohol intake in ethanol naive and dependent rats are interpreted in relation to a general non-specific action of naloxone on preferred or aversive flavoured solutions. PMID- 6685310 TI - Genetic correlations with ethanol withdrawal severity. AB - A major goal of pharmacogenetic research on alcoholism remains the identification of some "marker" that could predict the liability of a particular individual for a genetic susceptibility to develop alcoholism. The present paper presents evidence that the severity of withdrawal from physical dependence on ethanol varies widely among inbred strains of mice, and that withdrawal severity is negatively genetically correlated with initial sensitivity and magnitude of tolerance to ethanol hypothermia. These correlations are supported by differences in hypothermic response between replicate lines of mice genetically selected for susceptibility and resistance to ethanol withdrawal seizures. The genetic relationships reported suggest that the effects of ethanol on thermoregulation in mice may offer a predictive marker for susceptibility to ethanol physical dependence. PMID- 6685311 TI - Alcohol-preferring rats in colonies show withdrawal, inactivity, and lowered dominance. AB - Rats with free access to water and 10% alcohol were raised in enriched, social colonies for prolonged periods of time. Then those animals which had developed extreme alcohol or water preferences were identified for further study. These selected animals were marked and returned to the colony. Both high and low alcohol consumers showed increased alcohol consumption just prior to feeding, but only the high consumers had a peak of alcohol consumption during the early morning hours. Compared to low consumers, high alcohol consumers ate less food, ran less in the activity wheel, spent more time in the burrows, and ranked low on several dominance measures. When access to alcohol was removed in the colony, these high alcohol consumers became more active but remained low in dominance. When tested in photocell cages, they showed a pattern of hyperactivity suggesting withdrawal effects. This sub-population of animals from rat colonies who voluntarily prefer alcohol to water represent a novel and social animal model of chronic alcohol consumption. PMID- 6685312 TI - The involvement of nigral serotonin innervation in the control of punishment induced behavioral inhibition in rats. AB - In rats, serotonergic innervation of the substantia nigra plays a role in the control of experimentally-elicited anxiety: punishment-induced inhibition is lessened following bilateral intra-nigral infusion of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (2 micrograms; 0.5 microliter). A significant correlation (0.62) is found between the loss of nigral, but not hippocampal, tryptophan hydroxylase activity and the release of behavior in two situations of shock-induced suppression of responding. Likewise, infusion of this neurotoxin (1 microgram; 0.4 microliter) into the nucleus raphe dorsalis causes an attenuation of punishment-induced suppression. These findings suggest an involvement of serotonergic raphe-nigral neurons in experimentally-elicited anxiety. PMID- 6685313 TI - Regional rat brain noradrenaline turnover in response to restraint stress. AB - Male Wistar rats were starved for 12 hr and then subjected to either 2 hr of wire mesh "envelope" restraint at room temperature; 2 hr of supine restraint in a specially constructed harness at room temperature or were not restrained. Eight brain regions were examined for NA level and the level of its major metabolite, MHPG-SO4. Plasma corticosterone and gastric ulcer incidence were also measured. All restrained rats displayed marked elevations in MHPG-SO4 levels in most brain regions. In addition, several brain regions in restrained animals showed a reduction in NA level. All restrained rats showed elevated plasma corticosterone levels and evidence of gastric lesions. In general, supine restraint produced greater alterations in regional brain NA turnover, greater evidence of ulcer disease, and higher plasma corticosterone levels than did wire mesh restraint. These data suggest that acute but intense stress in the form of restraint causes markedly altered brain NA activity--a possible neurochemical mechanism underlying the phenomenon of stress-induced disease. PMID- 6685314 TI - Synergistic effect of propranolol and quipazine on desipramine enhanced shock elicited fighting in rats. AB - Changes in shock-elicited fighting (SEF) were measured following single or repeated injections (IP) of dl-propranolol (5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg) or quipazine (1.25 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg) given either alone or in combination to saline or desipramine (DMI) (10 mg/kg) treated rats. DMI + propranolol (20 mg/kg) caused a greater increase in fighting than DMI + saline 18 hours after last dose. Propranolol (20 mg/kg) produced an equal inhibition in both of these groups at 15 min. Propranolol (5 mg/kg) had no effect. Quipazine (2.5 mg/kg) failed to alter DMI induced increase in SEF. The combination of propranolol (5 mg/kg) + quipazine (1.25 mg/kg) blocked the enhanced SEF significantly in DMI treated rats in comparison to DMI + saline treated group. This combination of propranolol + quipazine produced no significant change in SEF in saline treated group in comparison to the pretest level. These results suggested that propranolol + quipazine act synergistically at low doses to inhibit the increased SEF seen in DMI treated rats and might have therapeutic implications for the management of irritable aggression or mania. PMID- 6685316 TI - The effects of alcohol induced malnutrition in pregnancy on offspring brain and behavioral development. AB - Alcohol is known to have various deleterious effects in all animals including man. The present study was designed to establish whether the effects of moderate EtOH intake during pregnancy on offspring are due to toxic effects of the substance or to nutritional changes; whether effects are long lasting or limited in duration; and whether effects are due to the prenatal action of the substance or effects persisting into the postnatal period. The findings show that the effects obtained in our study are due to malnutrition engendered in the prenatal period and are of limited duration. Since much evidence suggests that early deficits are difficult to compensate for, it is possible that the tests used with mature animals in this study may have been insensitive to residual deficits. Alternatively, rats may truly have compensated for early retardation. This does not necessarily imply that the same compensatory processes would apply in humans, where greater complexity of environmental demands is imposed from an early age. PMID- 6685315 TI - Effects of body weight reduction and food deprivation on cocaine self administration. AB - The present experiments attempted to study the effects of food deprivation and body weight reduction on cocaine self-administration. Rats whose body weight was reduced to 80% free feeding weight (FFW) with 23 hours' food deprivation increased cocaine intake by 30-fold compared to 100% FFW animals. The results demonstrated that, in rats, body weight reduction and the state of food deprivation interact to further enhance self-administration of cocaine. From the practical point of view, the results suggest that there may be an increased risk of drug dependence with patients taking stimulants to control body weight. PMID- 6685317 TI - [Effect of acute stress on the blood pressure of normotensive Wistar and WKY rats and the blood pressure of rats with genetically-established hypertension]. PMID- 6685318 TI - Hypersexuality--a complication of dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson's disease. AB - Hypersexuality induced by dopaminergic drug treatment in parkinsonian patients is a rarely reported side-effect. A case history is presented where it occurred together with hyperkinesias while the patient was treated with L-dopa and bromocriptine. An addictive misuse of these drugs complicate the guidance of this patient. Approximately three years after the beginning of hypersexuality he developed several paranoid-hallucinatory psychoses which subsided each time upon dose reduction. PMID- 6685320 TI - Dietary influences in the preferences of pre-weanling Long-Evans rats for the anal excreta of adult males. AB - Male rats which ingest feces of lactating females produce anal excreta which is attractive to pups. This excreta is as attractive as that of lactating females and more attractive than the excreta of males eating a diet of lab chow only. Anal excreta of males which consume feces of lactating females is more attractive to pups than excreta of males that consume feces of nonlactating females. These results suggest that group or colony odors may develop from rats eating feces of other colony members and that infant rats may be more attracted to adults that have an odor which is similar to the maternal odor than adults which have different odors. PMID- 6685319 TI - Prenatal treatment with clomipramine has an anxiolytic profile in the adolescent rat. AB - The tricyclic anti-depressant clomipramine (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg/day) was administered to pregnant rats between days 8 and 21 of gestation. Male pups were cross-fostered at birth and raised in litters of eight. After weaning (postnatal day 21) the offspring were raised in an enriched environment and were then subjected to a variety of behavioral tests, lasting through adolescence (days 35 to 42), and repeated in adulthood (day 70 onwards). As has been found when imipramine was administered prenatally, the offspring showed decreased rearing and less exploration; however, the latter was entirely due to more rapid habituation to the test environment. The treatment produced an anxiolytic profile when the adolescents were tested in the Social Interaction test of anxiety. Effects did not persist into adulthood, although it may be that this was the result of repeated testing. PMID- 6685321 TI - Female behavior is affected by male ultrasonic vocalizations in house mice. AB - The effects of male-mouse ultrasonic vocalizations on female preference behavior were investigated using Swiss-Webster mice. Intact females spent more time with an intact tethered male than with a devocalized tethered male during 3-min preference tests. Female preference behavior was similar during estrus and diestrus; but, a preference for the vocalizing male was absent after ovariectomy, and returned following replacement treatment with ovarian hormones. Similar effects on female behavior were obtained using synthetic 70 kHz ultrasounds presented behind one of two devocalized tethered males during preference tests. The results indicate that ultrasounds maintain the female close to the vocalizing male and may facilitate copulation. PMID- 6685322 TI - Medial hypothalamic lesions and play fighting in juvenile rats. AB - The effects of medial preoptic area (MPOA), anterior hypothalamic (AH) and ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions on play fighting were studied in juvenile rats that were housed and observed in heterosexual groups of 6-8 animals. Overall males engaged in play fighting more frequently than females and none of the lesions reliably affected this measure. Males also initiated more play fights. AH and VMH lesions reduced the frequency of play initiation in both sexes, but MPOA lesions had no reliable effect in either sex. PMID- 6685323 TI - Attraction of gerbil pups to maternal nest odors: duration, specificity and ovarian control. AB - Gerbil pups are attracted to the odors of their maternal nest. This attraction develops by three weeks and is still strong at six weeks, but ceases by nine weeks of age. Removing either the mother's scent gland or her ovaries, a procedure that decreases scent gland size, decreases pup attraction to maternal nest odors. These data suggest that the mother's scent gland is the primary, though not the sole, source of the maternal nest attractants and that ovarian steroids stimulate attractant production. The gradual decline in pup attraction to maternal nest odors with age also parallels the decrease in maternal scent gland size. Pup attraction to nest odors becomes more specific as pups mature. Based on pup responses to odors of other mothers and their young, we suggest that nursing pups approach a species-typical pheromone produced by all lactating females, but that weaning pups imprint on scent gland odors specific to their mother. Other maternal odors and/or odors produced by the pups may also make the nest attractive to the young. PMID- 6685324 TI - A locked, non-rotating, completely embedded, moveable electrode for chronic brain stimulation studies in freely moving, fighting rats. AB - A light-weight, yet rugged moveable electrode assembly is described for chronic brain stimulation studies in small-brained animals. The assembly can be completely embedded in a smooth, unobtrusive dental cement cap and is therefore suitable for use in fighting experiments, where collisions with partners and cage walls will limit the use of other assemblies. It permits a variable electrode distance penetration of 3 mm in 75 mu-steps by using a separate unlocking turning key. This design excludes the possibility of inadvertent displacement of the electrode tips by the animal itself. Since the electrode itself does not rotate during displacement, extra damage arising from possible eccentricity is avoided. The assembly has been used in a number of hypothalamic penetrations, demonstrating its usefulness and reliability. PMID- 6685325 TI - Development of attraction to estrous females in male dogs. AB - In simultaneous choice tests male beagles were allowed to visit a caged female in estrus, or caged, spayed female not in estrus. Males were tested periodically from 1-3 to 22-24 months of age. The 3 subject groups were normal males (Group N), males castrated 4-7 days postpartum and injected with testosterone propionate (TP) until they were 3 months old (Group TPTC), and males castrated 4-7 days but given no hormone treatment, i.e., untreated castrates (Group UC). A statistically reliable preference for visiting the estrous rather than the nonestrous female first appeared in N males at 4-6 months, in TPTC males at 1-3 months, and in UC males at 10-12 months. In N males attraction to the estrous female (measured by time spent visiting her) increased progressively from 4-6 to 16-18 months. In the same period concentration of plasma testosterone rapidly increased, reached a peak at 10-12 months, and then declined. UC males exhibited no significant increase in attraction to the estrous female from 10-12 months (when a preference first appeared) to 22-24 months. They then received 10 injections of TP after which their visiting time to the estrous female was equal to that of N males. TPTC males exhibited a precocious preference for the estrous female at 1-3 months, while they were receiving TP, and there was no decrease in strength of attraction in the following 9 months during which time no hormone was administered. Between 10-12 and 13-15 months, still without exogenous androgen, visiting to the estrous female began to increase and continued to do so until 19 21 months. PMID- 6685326 TI - Diurnal variation for inhibition of eating by bombesin in the rat. AB - Sprague-Dawley male albino rats ate sweet milk at the midpoint of the day or night phase of a 12:12 light/dark cycle 1 min after IP 0.9% NaCl or synthetic bombesin (BBS; 2-32 micrograms/kg) following 24-hr food deprivation. Exogenous BBS inhibited food intake in a dose-related manner during the day; a linear regression line accounted for 85% of the total variance for percentage suppression of food intake by BBS in 30 min. In contrast, inhibition of eating by BBS at night was not dose-related; a linear regression line accounted for only 16% of the variance. Rats were tested under identical conditions following 3-hr food deprivation. Exogenous BBS (4-64 micrograms/kg) inhibited food intake in a dose-related manner at night; a linear regression line accounted for 92% of the total variance. In contrast, inhibition of eating by BBS during the day was not as orderly; a linear regression line accounted for only 44% of the variance. The 8 micrograms/kg dose was twice as potent for inhibition of eating of 25% GIBCO 116EC liquid diet than it was for inhibition of eating sweet milk at the midpoint of the day phase. These results describe diurnal variation in potency of exogenous BBS for inhibition of food intake in the rat. Whether BBS is more or less potent at night than during the day depends upon the particular dose, degree of hunger of the rat, and probably the type of food being eaten. PMID- 6685327 TI - [Effects of lithium salt on intracranial self-stimulation and methamphetamine induced hyperactivity in rats]. PMID- 6685328 TI - Crowding and litter effects on retention and reversal learning by young rats. PMID- 6685329 TI - Animal models of depression: new findings. PMID- 6685330 TI - Neurons in cerebral cortex area 4 and area 5 increase their discharge frequency during operant conditioning. PMID- 6685331 TI - Responses to mirror image stimulation and assessment of self-recognition in mirror- and peer-reared stumptail macaques. PMID- 6685332 TI - Dissociation of mechanisms involved in dogs' oriented displacements. PMID- 6685333 TI - Pavlovian counterconditioning is unchanged by chlordiazepoxide or by septal lesions. PMID- 6685334 TI - [Thallium-201 in newborn infants and children with myocardial pathology]. PMID- 6685335 TI - [Experimental study of stress ulcers. Effect of vagotomy and of cimetidine]. PMID- 6685336 TI - Mechanisms of renal excretion of cisdichlorodiamine platinum. AB - Eighteen diuretic rabbits were given cisdichlorodiamine platinum (CDDP) and the clearance of plasma water platinum was determined with a simultaneous inulin clearance. The rabbits were then given probenecid (50 mg/kg) or choline (50 mg/kg) and the clearance of free platinum was calculated. CDDP has a high clearance, exceeding glomerular filtration rate. The drug appears to be secreted by the anionic transport system in the proximal tubule, as the clearance of free platinum is markedly decreased by the administration of probenecid. PMID- 6685337 TI - Effect of cardiac arrhythmia on left ventricular and aortic blood pressure parameters in the horse. AB - Transaortic blood pressures were recorded in seven horses using catheter mounted transducers during various types of supraventricular arrhythmia. Changes in left ventricular (LV) and aortic (Ao) pulse contours were associated with variation in pulse interval (PI). When PI lengthened there was a rise in LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) associated with a prolonged filling time. In contrast, a long PI resulted in a reduced end diastolic Ao pressure (AoEDP) due to a prolonged arterial 'run off'. LVdP/dt max representing the peak rate of rise of pressure during the isovolumic contraction period was not consistently affected by changes in PI. Stepwise linear regression was used to examine the simultaneous relationships of a number of variables derived from the LV and Ao contours. Peak LV pressure (LVPp) was directly related to AoEDP (seven of seven horses) and LVEDP (four of seven). Ao systolic pulse pressure (SPP) was directly related to LVEDP (four of seven) and inversely related to AoEDP (three of seven). Neither LVPp nor SPP were consistently related to LVdP/dt max. The peak positive gradient between LV and Ao pressures was inversely related to AoEDP (six of seven) and directly related to LVEDP and LVdP/dt max (three of seven). The peak rate of rise of the Ao pressure contour during ejection (AodP/dt max) was inversely related to AoEDP (seven of seven) and directly related to LVEDP (four of seven). It was also directly related to LVdP/dt max in four horses but was inversely related in one. The peak rate of fall of the LV pressure contour during relaxation (-LVdP/dt max) was directly related to LVPp (five of seven). PMID- 6685338 TI - [Mechanism of transport and interaction of norethisterone with plasma proteins]. PMID- 6685339 TI - [Platelets loaded with vinblastine or vincristine in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Prognostic factors]. PMID- 6685341 TI - [Distemper encephalitis in stone martens (Martes foina Erxleben 1777) in Switzerland]. PMID- 6685340 TI - Spontaneous abortions among rubber workers and congenital malformations in their offspring. AB - Spontaneous abortions of hospitalized women and congenital malformations were analyzed among rubber workers to investigate the possibility of an association between reproductive problems and chemical exposures in the rubber industry. Information on workers was obtained from the membership register of the Union of Rubber and Leather Workers and from the personnel register of a rubber factory. The frequencies of spontaneous abortions did not appreciably differ when the pregnancies occurred during Union membership or during employment in the factory as compared with the pregnancies occurring before or after that time. A case referent study concerning the association between different exposures and spontaneous abortions showed that the odds ratio for factory workers exposed to rubber chemicals was increased in the footwear department. A corresponding risk was not observed in the tire department. The contradictory observations may be explained by concomitant exposure to solvents in the footwear department or by other nonoccupational factors. The possible association between congenital malformations and exposures in the rubber and leather industries was studied by the case-referent technique. No significant increase in the risk of malformations was observed in any branch of employment. However, the numbers of malformations were rather small. PMID- 6685343 TI - Homeostasis of the antibody response: immunoregulation by NK cells. AB - When injected into mice, the synthetic double-stranded polynucleotide poly(inosinic) X poly(cytidylic) acid induces high natural killer (NK) cell activity within 4 to 12 hours. Induction of NK activity in mice immunized 2 or 3 days previously, or the addition of NK cells to cultures immunized in vitro 2 or 3 days previously, promotes early termination of the ongoing primary immunoglobulin M antibody response. A target for NK cells is a population of accessory cells that has interacted with antigen and is necessary for sustaining the antibody response. The inference is strong that NK cells induced normally by immunization also terminate the usual antibody response in vivo by elimination of antigen-exposed accessory cells. PMID- 6685342 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the chromatin of blastoderm nuclei and yolk granules beneath blastoderm of fertilized and unincubated chicken eggs. AB - Chromatin prepared both from the yolk granules beneath the blastoderm and from the nuclei of the blastoderm cells of fertilized and unincubated chicken eggs was examined under electron microscope and its structure was compared. The results indicate that the above two kinds of chromatin fibers seem to have no apparent difference in structural relation and diameter. The electron microscopic appearances of the basic structures of both kinds of chromatin are all "beads-on a-string"-shaped filaments. After the digestion of chromatin from both raw materials with DNase I, the connecting strings of chromatin fibers were cut off, only the scattered beads could be observed under electron microscope. The diameter of the scattered beads is equal to that of the beads on the chromatin fibers, and most of them are 150 A in diameter. PMID- 6685344 TI - Osteomyelitis of the hand due to Torulopsis holmii. AB - Yeasts belonging to the genus Torulopsis, though generally considered saprophytes, are capable of causing serious illness in compromised patients. Torulopsis infections in patients with no apparent underlying disease are rare. We have described a previously healthy man who had osteomyelitis due to Torulopsis holmii as a complication of a penetrating hand injury. Despite in vitro susceptibility of the organism to amphotericin B and flucytosine and prolonged therapy with these agents, the infection relapsed after an apparent initial response. PMID- 6685345 TI - A study of commensal rodents and shrews with reference to the parasites of medical importance in Chanthaburi Province, Thailand. AB - A total of 622 and 110 commensal and forest rodents and shrews was examined in the urban and rural areas of Chanthaburi Province, Thailand. A higher density of commensal animals was found in urban than rural areas. Five enteropathogenic bacteria, and four helminth species of significant medical importance were collected. The Oriental rat-flea, X. cheopis was found prevalent among these animals. The findings of adult A. cantonensis worm in S. murinus the first reported case of the parasite developed into adult in an abnormal host. PMID- 6685347 TI - [Treatment of genital herpes]. PMID- 6685346 TI - Reduce embryonation of Schistosoma japonicum eggs as a contributory mechanism in modulation of granuloma in chronically sensitized mice. PMID- 6685348 TI - Isolation of keratinophilic fungi from sewage sludge. AB - Five mixed samples of sewage sludges from 4 wastewater treatment plants were examined for keratinophilic fungi. Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton terrestre, T. ajelloi, Chrysosporium pannorum, C. keratinophilum and C. pruinosum were recovered. PMID- 6685349 TI - Isolation of saprophytic Microsporum praecox Rivalier from sites associated with horses. AB - Several M. praecox isolates of saprophytic origin were obtained in Belgium from horses and their surroundings. Visualization of macroconidia in dust collected in stables proved its saprophytic origin. A few strains were obtained from human cases of tinea corporis. PMID- 6685350 TI - [Effectiveness of pathogenetic methods of treatment of idiopathic thrombopenic purpura]. PMID- 6685351 TI - [Hematogenic thrombophilia]. PMID- 6685352 TI - Prune perineum syndrome: report of a second case. AB - A child is reported with a constellation of anomalies which include acetabular dysplasia with bilateral dislocated hips, persistent cloaca, hypoplastic kidney, two umbilical vessels, anal atresia and no obvious external genitalia. These anomalies are strikingly similar to a case reported by Peeden et al ('79) which was referred to as prune perineum. A discussion on possible underlying cause(s) of caudal dysplasia is included. PMID- 6685353 TI - Oral stanozolol: effects on plasma and saliva fibrinolysis and plasma viscosity in normal males. PMID- 6685354 TI - A rapid and highly sensitive solid-phase radioassay for plasminogen activators. AB - A rapid and highly sensitive solid-phase radioassay for the measurement of plasminogen activators is presented. The method employs a convenient and stable 125I-fibrinogen-latex bead product and can reproducibly detect 0.25 milli Ploug units/ml of urokinase. This represents a 100-fold increase in sensitivity over previously published radioisotopic solid-phase technique and a 120-fold increase over the sensitivity of the fibrin plate method. Since the assay can readily detect plasminogen activator levels in euglobulin solutions prepared from pre- and post-venous occlusion plasma, it may be useful for rapidly detecting and monitoring the fibrinolytic potential of patients predisposed to thromboembolic disease. PMID- 6685355 TI - [Primary thrombocythemia in childhood]. AB - Primary thrombocythemia is a myeloproliferative disease characterized by a sustained and marked increase in platelet count. The platelet number rises in excess of 1000 X 10(9)/l. Adult patients present with recurrent hemorrhages, thrombotic episodes and microvascular disturbances. It is a relatively benign disease and rarely reported in children. We describe two patients with a thrombocythaemia. The first, a 13 1/2 year old boy, had no complaints. A thrombocythemia (2167 X 10(9)/l) and splenomegaly were found by chance. He was treated with melfalan. Acetylsalicilic acid and dipyridamol were added as anti coagulants. The second patient, a 12 year old girl, was submitted to a splenectomy at the age of 10, because of a traumatic rupture. Sixteen months later she was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of thrombotic as well as bleeding tendency. Periferal microvascular disturbances and symptoms on the basis of impaired cerebro-vascular bloodflow were found. The number of platelets was 5083 X 10(9)/l. She was treated in the same way as the first patient. Symptoms disappeared as soon as the number of platelets decreased. In both patients periferal blood and bonemarrow examination as well as platelet function, measured by aggregation studies, were abnormal. Consideration of the literature on children and our own case I indicate that this disease in the younger patient may exist without undue risk of complications. One might consider treatment with anti aggregating agents only. PMID- 6685357 TI - [The veterinarian as expert]. PMID- 6685356 TI - [Veterinary dispensary law and legal regulations for narcotics]. PMID- 6685358 TI - [Freemartin syndrome in sheep. Morphological, hormone-analytical and cytogenetic studies]. PMID- 6685359 TI - Paired extraluminal strain gauge force transducers for measuring urethral movements. AB - Paired extraluminal strain gauge force transducers were implanted in the urethra to measure separately and simultaneously both longitudinal and transverse movements of the urethra. The advantage of our paired strain gauge force transducers is that both longitudinal and transverse changes of urethral movements can be detected. PMID- 6685360 TI - Effects of long term intravenous administration of ethanol on rat pancreas. AB - Pancreatic exocrine function and morphologic changes were investigated in groups of rats receiving solutions of ethanol by oral or intravenous route, or equicaloric doses of glucose solution by intravenous route daily for a period of 4 weeks. Comparable degrees of exocrine dysfunction and morphologic changes in the pancreas at the ultrastructural level were observed in the groups given ethanol orally and in those receiving i.v. injections of ethanol, suggesting that neither intragastric ingestion nor high blood levels of alcohol is required for alcohol to exert its pancreatotoxic effects. All groups of rats receiving ethanol or glucose showed signs and pathologic findings of nutritional disorder, and at 4 weeks of treatment, electron microscopic abnormalities of the pancreas were more pronounced and higher in incidence in the groups given ethanol p.o. or i.v. than in the groups given i.v. doses of glucose. There was no microscopic evidence of protein plug or other changes in the region of origin of the pancreatic duct system in rats after 18 months of oral administration of ethanol. The present findings indicate that the cytotoxic effect of alcohol on acinar cells and nutritional disorder associated with alcohol ingestion constitute important factors in the pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. PMID- 6685361 TI - A B O (H) blood group antigen determination in genitourinary neoplasms. PMID- 6685362 TI - Immunocytochemical studies on several developmental stages of Dipetalonema viteae (Filarioidea). AB - The binding of antibodies to infective larvae (L3), eggs, uterine contents and blood microfilariae was demonstrated by light microscopy employing the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Antigen-antibody reactions were located on the shell of filarial eggs as well as on the cuticle and the interior of L3 and microfilariae. Using sera from Meriones unguiculatus, Mastomys natalensis and golden hamsters infected with D. viteae obtained at 7, 14, 21 and 28 weeks p.i. it was observed that the intensity of the immunostaining on several developmental stages of the filariae decreased with increasing duration of infection. This effect was more pronounced in the case of M. unguiculatus and M. natalensis than in the case of golden hamsters. For detection of surface antigenicity the simple procedure of drying the test material on microscopic slides proved to be time saving and equally specific as compared to the embedding in Epon of the filarial stages and the successive preparation of semithin sections. However, embedded filarial stages presented more intensive immunostaining than nonembedded stages. Moreover, sections allowed to demonstrate antigen-antibody reactions on the cuticle as well as inside the body cavity of the stages. PMID- 6685363 TI - [A family with reduced plasminogen activator activity in the blood associated with recurrent thrombosis]. PMID- 6685365 TI - Urethral response to nerve stimulation measured by strain gauge force transducer. AB - This paper presents a study of urethral responses to efferent nerve stimulation in dogs. The pelvic, hypogastric and pudendal nerves were stimulated using a programmed instrument under three different in vivo conditions. The preparations consisted of: (A) bladder, urethra, and rectum; (B) urethra and rectum, and (C) urethra only. Stimulation of the pelvic nerve in preparation A resulted in elongation and constriction of the mid and proximal urethra with a resultant rise in pressure. However, this response was reduced in preparations B and C. Similar observations were made with hypogastric nerve stimulation. The results of pudendal nerve stimulation were significantly different, in that the pressure rise occurred in the mild and distal urethra and varied in elongation response. PMID- 6685364 TI - Stress incontinence in females: treatment with phenylpropanolamine. A urodynamic and pharmacological evaluation. AB - 23 females, mean age 53 years, with genuine stress incontinence were treated with phenylpropanolamine (PPA), 50 mg twice daily, versus placebo. Simultaneous urethrocystometry with recording of the transmission of increased abdominal pressure to the bladder and the urethra was carried out, and serum concentration of PPA measured and related to subjective effect, effect on the maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) and on the pressure transmission ratio. 3 patients were excluded, 1 because of side effects, and 2 were dropouts. 12 patients reported improvement while on PPA, but none became continent. 3 patients improved on placebo. The remaining patients were unchanged. A plasma level of PPA of more than 150 ng/ml seemed necessary to obtain an effect; this level was reached after approximately 90 min after intake of 50 mg. Objectively a rise in MUCP was recorded, but there was no correlation between serum concentration and the increase in MUCP. An improvement of the pressure transmission ratio was also recorded. PMID- 6685366 TI - Transurethral ureteral stone manipulation. AB - Most urologists use stone manipulation at some time for the treatment of ureteral stones. About 40 to 50 per cent of ureteral calculi that require surgery are retrievable by stone manipulation. The procedure has a remarkably good success rate (about 80 per cent) and a very low morbidity rate (1 per cent or less). PMID- 6685367 TI - Rational gain compensation for attenuation in cardiac ultrasonography. AB - A new method of compensating for the attenuation of ultrasound by chest wall, myocardium and blood has been devised by using an optimum threshold to distinguish between blood and myocardium. This allows changing receiver gain at rates suitable for either blood or myocardium for each line-of-sight forming a real-time image. Compensation artifacts arising from the effects of speckle or phase cancellation are minimized by using a one-bit digital filter after threshold detection. This method of compensation is a necessary first step toward quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography. ?NHLBI 14388 PMID- 6685368 TI - Changes in myocardial backscatter throughout the cardiac cycle. AB - This investigation was performed to identify and quantify systematic variations of myocardial ultrasonic backscatter throughout the cardiac cycle. Using a broadband 5 MHz focused transducer coupled to the epicardial surface of the left ventricle in dogs, backscatter measurements were obtained from each of 7 intervals (windows) of 34 milliseconds duration evenly distributed throughout the cardiac cycle and referenced to backscatter from a steel reflector. Values of integrated backscatter obtained demonstrated a consistent and reproducible pattern throughout the cardiac cycle characterized by elevated values at end diastole and significantly lower values at end-systole. The average maximum difference was 3.5 dB. PMID- 6685369 TI - A three dimensional model for generating the texture in B-scan ultrasound images. AB - A three-dimensional model for production of gray scale texture in ultrasound B mode images is described. The model computes time-dependent echo signals resulting from scattering of acoustic pulses by particles randomly distributed in an attenuating medium and transforms these signals into a gray scale image. Specific transducer and pulser-receiver characteristics are accounted for, as well as the three-dimensional nature of the problem, without loss of computational efficiency. The model generates texture that closely corresponds to that found experimentally in ultrasound images of tissue-mimicking phantoms. The dependence of the texture upon the depth of the region that was scanned and on the characteristics of the transducer-receiver system were clearly demonstrated. Good agreement between theory and experiment was found for the texture in phantoms containing simulated spherical low-scatter tumors. PMID- 6685370 TI - Ultrasound velocity in fixed human liver: empirical anova and regression modelling on histologically assessed abnormalities. AB - Anova and "dummy variables" least squares regression methods are used to investigate the dependence of ultrasound propagation velocity on the presence or absence of fat and on the rank ordered level of cirrhosis in fixed human liver. Cirrhosis is found to affect velocity in a nonlinear fashion, while fat depresses the velocities toward lower values. Quantifications of these effects and statistical analyses of their magnitudes are presented. The results represent a contribution toward the empirical understanding of the effects of tissue abnormalities on the velocity of ultrasound propagation in fixed human tissues. PMID- 6685371 TI - [Unusual forms of retroperitoneal fibrosis]. AB - The numerous forms of secondary retroperitoneal fibrosis which do not belong to Ormond's disease are discussed and some rare iatrogenic clinical pictures described. For the first time polyvinylpyrrolidone granulomas, causing obstructive renal failure are reported. PMID- 6685372 TI - [Retroperitoneal tumor on the left side: double stomach]. AB - We report about an uncertain retroperitoneal tumor on the left side without certain origin. During surgery and proved by histological data we found a heterotopic second stomach, an extremely rare abnormality. PMID- 6685373 TI - [Subcapsular kidney hematoma: a rare complication of paravertebral infiltration]. AB - Two patients developed subcapsular hematomas of the kidney following orthopaedic paravertebral injection. Clinical course and radiological findings are reported. Renal subcapsular hematomas are indeed frequent complications after stomach and lower thorax injuries; these are also known after diagnostic or therapeutic kidney-punctures. However, damage to the kidney by paravertebral injection is extremely unusual and not previously reported in the literature. PMID- 6685374 TI - [Cholesterol elimination in the urinary tract]. AB - The case of a 50-year-old female patient who had been passing "calculi" containing cholesterol for 10 years is presented. Previously, abdominal surgical interventions had been carried out several times and therefore a fistula between the digestive and urogenital system was suspected. This, however, could not be confirmed either by radiological or laboratory techniques. A II/a type of hyperlipoproteinemia was found in the serum, but its correlation to the calculi could be excluded. PMID- 6685375 TI - [Seminal vesicle cyst and ipsilateral renal dysplasia - a form of combined abnormality of the urinary and genital tracts]. AB - Even though more than 50 cases of seminal vesicle cysts combined with ipsilateral renal agenesis or dysplasia have been described during the 20th century, such associated malformations of the upper urinary and genital tracts still deserve our attention on the one hand, as illustrations of embryological deviation and, on the other hand, because of the very difficult diagnosis. The typical symptoms and differential diagnosis of these conditions are described and illustrated by two of our own cases. The various therapeutic possibilities are presented. PMID- 6685376 TI - [A case of ureteral triplication associated with renal dysmorphy, bilateral reflux, ureterocele and Ask-Upmark kidney]. AB - A type I [2] case of ureteric triplication, associated with renal dysmorphia, bilateral reflux, ureterocele and Ask-Upmark kidney, is presented. Ureteric triplication should always draw the clinician's attention to the possibility of the presence of further associated urological anomalies. PMID- 6685378 TI - [Endoscopic pneumatic dilatation of ureteral stricture with lesions]. AB - A method for the treatment of segmental ureteric stenosis is demonstrated. The stenosis was successfully dilated by a Gruntzig pneumatic balloon catheter. PMID- 6685377 TI - [Unusual benign and malignant ureteral stenosis. Causes, therapy and clinical course]. AB - In 652 patients with ureteral stenoses treated in the last 23 years we found 12 (1.8%) patients with rare benign and 5 (0.7%) patients with rare malignant diseases resulting in ureteral stenoses. Causes, clinical symptoms, diagnostic procedures and pathohistological findings are analysed and discussed with emphasis on the pathohistological diagnosis. Operative procedures are demonstrated and long term follow-up studies presented. PMID- 6685379 TI - [Fibroma of the ureter]. AB - Fibrous polyps are very rarely found benign tumors of the ureter. Therapy should consist local resection of the tumor carrying part of the ureter with reestablishment of ureteral continuity. The diagnosis can be suspected from clinical signs, urography and retrograde pyelography. One own case of unusual morphology of ureteral fibroma is presented. PMID- 6685380 TI - [Treatment of ulcus simplex of the bladder and ulcerating radiogenic cystitis with superoxide dismutase]. AB - Treatment of ulcus simplex vesicae and post irradiation ulcer of the bladder with superoxide dismutase (SOD) is reported. Its antiinflammatory effect depends on the elimination of cytotoxic superoxide radicals from tissue. SOD is injected into the bladderwall during general anesthesia using a transurethral access. We treated 8 women, 4 of them suffering from ulcus simplex vesicae and 4 of them suffering from post irradiation ulcer of the bladder. In most cases we saw prompt relief from subjective complaints and healing of the ulceration. When necessary the injection was repeated once or twice in a fortnight. We did not see any side effects. PMID- 6685381 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of functional bladder neck obstruction]. AB - The experience with 32 patients with functional bladder neck obstruction is presented and this condition is discussed. This disease occurred mainly in males from the age of 6 months to 50 years. There was only one female patient. The most important investigations were the micturating cystogram, the flow-rate and the measurement of the residual urine. The bladder neck incision, as proposed by Turner-Warwick, relieved symptoms and obstruction in all patients efficiently. PMID- 6685382 TI - [Skin flap reconstruction of the entire penile circumference. An unusual advanced case of penile induration (Peyronie's disease)]. AB - One case was selected for presentation from our 17 operated cases for far advanced Peyronie's disease. The patient had complete circumferential involvement of the tunica albuginea with severe calcification on the dorsal aspect of the penile shaft. The case is exceptional in three aspects: a Peyronie's plaque may extend all around the penile shaft and involve the ventral aspect of the tunica between the corpora and corpus spongiosum of the urethra. Secondly, the extensive fibrosis and calcification may cause a spontaneous type of pain which is unrelated to erection. Finally, the application of a tubular-fashioned and sutured dermal graft around the penile shaft after the extensive excision of the tunica albuginea may lead to an excellent result. From a functional viewpoint, the result was a failure. PMID- 6685383 TI - [Cytostatic therapy in urology]. PMID- 6685385 TI - [Importance of computerized tomography in staging bladder tumors]. AB - As an additional diagnostic part CT has been applied to 53 patients suffering from urinary bladder tumors and treated in the Urological Department of Detmold Hospital. In cases of small papillary, apparently clinically not invasive urinary bladder tumor, the application of CT is not indicated for staging. Additional information with respect to invasively growing bladder tumors, however, can be provided. PMID- 6685384 TI - [Adriamycin instillations in carcinoma in situ of the bladder]. AB - Several authors have described the regressive effect of the instillation of adriamycin on the cell appearance of carcinoma in situ. This applies to both weekly and monthly administration. The problem lies in the interpretation of the cytologic picture after instillation. DNA analysis could possibly improve the diagnostic reliability. PMID- 6685386 TI - [Retrograde brush biopsy of the kidney pelvis and ureters]. AB - Brush biopsies of the kidney and ureter have become established as the most definitive method for the determination of the etiology of lesions arising in or invading into the urinary collecting passages. Retrograde brushing via cystoscopic passage of open-end brushing catheters (5 to 8 French) with subsequent brushing of lesions under TV monitored image intensified fluoroscopic control is the most widely employed brushing technique. Antegrade brush biopsies via percutaneous passage of catheters through the renal pelvis has recently been described by Lang. Recent additions to retrograde brush biopsy include steerable or manipulable tips of brushing catheters to facilitate access to minor calyces. Ureteroscopy with rigid transcystoscopic ureteroscopes has been developed by Lyon to facilitate passage of brushing catheters and in selected instances the direct endoscopic observation of lesion during brushing. Both brushing histology and brushing cytology, with smears of brushes and saline washes post brushing, are integral parts of brush biopsies. Urothelial cytopathology requires special expertise in interpretation of the various effects of drugs, iodine radiographic media and inflammatory lesions on the various cell types of the urothelial layers. The safety and efficacy of retrograde brush biopsy has been published by Gittes (J Urol (1981) 126:146) from his survey of 70 urologists. PMID- 6685387 TI - [Value of urine cytology in the diagnosis of tumors of the kidney pelvis]. AB - Based on case report the value of urine cytology after renal pelvis lavage for the definite diagnosis of a renal pelvis carcinoma is demonstrated. The exact preoperative differential diagnosis permits a radical operative procedure without intraoperative tumor exposure decreasing the danger of spread of tumor. The simple and inexpensive technique should be applied in the urologic practice more often. PMID- 6685388 TI - [Inverted urothelial papilloma]. AB - A case of an inverted urothelial papilloma is presented and the cases published so far are summarized. As it easily can be mixed up with a transitional cell carcinoma, the cystoscopic appearance and the histology are of special importance. To know the microscopic pattern and the clinical parameter is mandatory for urologist and pathologist, since the prognosis of the inverted urothelial papilloma following endoscopic resection seems to be very good. In case of obstructive symptoms, as seen in prostatic hypertrophy, an inverted papilloma should be considered. PMID- 6685389 TI - [Prostatic carcinoma. Incidence and significance of stage I - preclinical carcinoma]. AB - 58 consecutive prostatic glands of men without clinical prostatic cancer were investigated. In 40% of all over 50-year-old men (average age: 76 years) a prostatic cancer was found. The macroscopic diagnosis of stage I prostatic cancer was found to be unreliable. Since in routine necropsies the first and decisive evaluation of the prostate is based on macroscopic findings, most prostatic cancers are missed and only 3% are found on an average. To detect prostatic cancer with a minimal diameter of 3 mm reliably, 10-15 large histologic slides have to be investigated. The tumor size, the nuclear polymorphism, the frequency of perineural invasion and the number of inflammatory cells increase with histologic dedifferentiation. The results support the hypothesis, that the clinical prostatic cancer is in fact an enlarged, dedifferentiated stage I cancer. The clinical significance of stage I prostatic cancer is rather small because of the advanced age of the patients. Most of the patients die before the cancer becomes clinical. PMID- 6685391 TI - Use of continuous flow resectoscope in lesions of bladder dome and lateral wall. PMID- 6685390 TI - [New results of the treatment of metastasized testicular tumors in early and late stages]. PMID- 6685392 TI - Measuring softness of inner female urethra. Part I. Simple new device. AB - A new device is described to measure clinically the softness of the female urethra. It is a rod-shaped urethral sound with a longitudinal groove along its surface. The sound is constructed in sizes 12 to 24 French. Each has one groove which is 2 mm wide and either 2, 2.5, or 3 mm deep. The groove is 11 cm long. When inserted into the filled female bladder per urethram, the groove will span the urethra from the bladder to the outside. If the urethral inner lining is soft and deformable, it will fill itself into the groove and prevent leakage of urine from the bladder along the groove to the outside. If the urethra is relatively rigid, urine will leak from the bladder. This instrument permits testing of women to determine urethral properties in preventing leakage when studied with a range of probe sizes. PMID- 6685393 TI - Evaluation of inner urethral softness. Part II. Clinical study using new grooved probe device. AB - This study, in incontinent women, evaluates the effectiveness of a new device to measure properties of urethral softness. The device is a straight sound with a longitudinal groove cut along its surface. It is inserted through the urethra and into the bladder. A soft, deformable urethra is expected to fill itself into the groove and prevent the loss of urine from the bladder along the groove to the outside. Using this instrument it is learned that (1) postmenopausal women are less able to seal the urethra than younger ones; (2) as the urethra is stretched it is less able to form a seal; and (3) the anterior urethra is the weakest link in sustaining continence when tested by methods used in this program. PMID- 6685394 TI - A sparsely granulated, nonsecreting adenoma of the pars intermedia associated with galactorrhea in a male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - A pituitary mass was found at necropsy of a male Macaca mulatta. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were consistent with a chromophobe adenoma. Ultrastructural examination revealed the tumor to be comprised predominantly of sparsely granulated cells. The tumor cells were negative for prolactin, somatotropin, adrenocorticotropin, luteinizing hormone, and thyrotropin by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase method. Other major lesions were gynecomastia and galactorrhea, testicular atrophy, ankylosing spondylitis, and amyloid deposition in the liver, spleen, adrenal, and intestinal tract. PMID- 6685395 TI - Solomon's seal poisoning in a dog. PMID- 6685396 TI - Massive increase in splenic germinal centres of chickens experimentally-infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. AB - Domestic chickens infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei developed a latent parasitaemia which lasted for one year. Six distinct variable antigen types were isolated. Spleens from infected birds were studied histologically at different stages of the infection. Trypanosome infection produced a progressive increase in the number of germinal centres during the early stages of the infection. Peak numbers of germinal centres were reached in the spleen at Day 84 after which the numbers were maintained during an active infection. A tenfold increase in the number of germinal centres was found in trypanosome-infected birds compared to controls. No splenomegaly was observed. Lymphoid cells of the caecal tonsil and the thymus remained apparently normal during the course of infection. Chemotherapeutic termination of infection with berenil resulted in an initial increase in the number of germinal centres. A gradual return to normal level was observed on Day 100 post cure. It is suggested that the development of such a large number of germinal centres reflects the bird's response to the elaboration of a succession of trypanosome variable antigens. PMID- 6685397 TI - Non-specific immunization against bovine tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata) using killed Corynebacterium parvum. AB - Killed Corynebacterium parvum was used as an adjuvant for the production of non specific resistance against Theileria annulata in cattle. Groups of cross-bred (Bos indicus X Bos taurus) calves were administered C. parvum adjuvant subcutaneously and were then challenged with T. annulata-infected ticks on 45, 60 or 90 days later. The challenge caused mild reactions in the protected calves. None of the 10 immunized calves died due to theileriosis, whereas all three paris of susceptible control calves died due to theileriosis. It appears from this pilot study that cattle can be protected non-specifically with C parvum adjuvant against T. annulata. PMID- 6685398 TI - Pathogenicity of Eperythrozoon suis alone and when mixed with Babesia trautmanni in experimentally-infected pigs. AB - The pathogenicity of a single infection with Eperythrozoon suis and of a mixed infection of E. suis and Babesia trautmanni in experimentally-infected pigs, was described. In the pigs with a single infection, parasitaemia of E. suis was observed 4 days after blood inoculation. Although parasitaemia with this parasite was also observed on the 4th day in a mixed infection, the parasitaemia of B. trautmanni was not noted until 14 days after inoculation at a period when that of E. suis had started to fall. No parasitaemia was observed in any of the pigs in the splenectomized and unsplenectomized uninoculated control animals. The pigs carrying either single or mixed infections had pyrexia and their temperatures were consistently higher than those of the control animals. Infected pigs also showed anaemia with significant decline in Pcv, Hb and RBC values. The total WBC count rose in the infected pigs and the rise was more pronounced in pigs carrying E. suis alone. In addition, it was only in pigs infected by E. suis alone that a decline in the percentage of neutrophils and a rise in percentage lymphocytes was observed. PMID- 6685400 TI - Antibodies to Fasciola hepatica antigens during experimental infections in cattle measured by ELISA. AB - Chromatography of a soluble PBS extract of adult Fasciola hepatica on Sephadex G200 produced 7 fractions, F1-F7. The antigenicity of these fractions varied with F1 being the most antigenic. Antibody responses to these fractions showed different time courses. Antibodies to F1, F2 and F3 appeared early on in infection and, for the most part, persisted throughout infection, whereas antibodies to F4, and F5 increased gradually during infection. A standardised assay was developed to measure anti-F1 antibodies. The assay was reproducible and able to detect antibodies by 3 weeks post-infection in experimentally-infected calves. PMID- 6685399 TI - Efficacy of triclabendazole against Fasciola hepatica in sheep and goats. AB - Triclabendazole (Fasinex), a new fasciolicide of the benzimidazole group, was tested in sheep and goats. A controlled test with 24 artificially-infected sheep revealed a 100% efficacy of triclabendazole at a dose of 10 mg kg-1 body weight against Fasciola hepatica aged 4 and 13 weeks, respectively. In naturally acquired severe subacute to chronic fascioliasis in 66 sheep and 10 goats, the drug was highly effective in three trials when applied at 10 mg kg-1 in sheep and at 5 mg kg-1 in goats. Triclabendazole was well tolerated, whereas side effects occurred in one trial with niclofolan (Bilevon-M) (3 mg kg-1) which was used for comparison. PMID- 6685401 TI - Some ecological observations on two east-Mediterranean species of Haemaphysalis ticks parasitizing domestic stock. AB - Haemaphysalis cretica and H. otophila thrive in the Mediterranean phytogeographic zone of the eastern Mediterranean area. Haemaphysalis otophila has a wide geographical distribution, H. cretica is more restricted. The adults of both species parasitize sheep and goats, and transmit diseases. The pre-imaginal stages feed on reptiles and small mammals. Adults attach to their hosts only during winter. The pre-oviposition period is long and the embryonic development is slow. Larvae hatch in spring and attach to their hosts in early summer; nymphs follow somewhat later and descend off their hosts in late summer. There is only one generation per year for each of the species. PMID- 6685402 TI - Observations on anaplasmosis following field exposure to heavy and light infestations with Boophilus microplus. AB - Two groups of Normandy calves were exposed to heavy (mean half body count = greater than 300) or light (mean half body count = 9) natural infestations with Boophilus microplus. All of the calves became infected with Anaplasma marginale. Despite the difference in tick challenge level, there was no significant difference in the incubation period, increase in body temperature, level or duration of Anaplasma parasitemia, decrease in packed cell volume, or complement fixing antibody response, between the heavily and lightly infected calves. Neither the incubation period nor the clinical severity of anaplasmosis was significantly influenced by the number of infested tick vectors. PMID- 6685403 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and pregnancy]. PMID- 6685404 TI - [Determination of platelet aggregation in patients with thrombocytopathy based on a microscopic method]. PMID- 6685406 TI - Beware of phenolic antioxidants (BHT and BHA) PMID- 6685405 TI - [Content of N-nitrosamines in mushrooms of different strains in relation to the conditions and periods of their storage]. PMID- 6685407 TI - [Hyperprolactinemia in women]. AB - Hyperprolactinaemia in men is known as well defined disease only for a relatively short period. In this publication the mechanisms of normal prolactin secretion and disturbed secretion are explained. The endocrine role of prolactin in the female organism is discussed. Beside the diagnosis and the symptomatology of abnormal prolactin secretion the modern therapy of this disease is referred. PMID- 6685408 TI - The relationship between psychopathology and the menstrual cycle. AB - Higher rates of mental ill-health, particularly mood disorder, have been reported in women compared to men and this discrepancy has been attributed to underlying biological changes associated with the menstrual cycle. The literature relating to psychiatric ill-health and the premenstrual syndrome is, accordingly, critically evaluated and the evidence favouring a causal role for menstrual cycle changes in the genesis of such ill-health is briefly reviewed. A simple model of causation attributing psychiatric-ill-health to hormonal variation in the menstrual cycle is eschewed in favour of a multifactorial model which assumes an interaction between hormonal and hormonally-related changes in the premenstruum, basic personality and social dissatisfactions, adverse life circumstances, and interpersonal stresses. PMID- 6685409 TI - How does menstruation affect cognitive competence and psychophysiological response? AB - Studies of the effect of the menstrual cycle on standardized cognitive tasks, work and academic performance, perceptual-motor performance, and psychophysiological measures are reviewed. The weight of the evidence argues against a menstrual cycle effect on behavior. Studies of self report and of behaviors reflecting self confidence suggest that beliefs of menstrual debilitation remain in the population. Studies of atypical and deviant groups indicate a possible connection between behavior and the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6685410 TI - Dysmenorrhea. AB - Pain during the menstrual period is of two types: primary, in which the pelvic organs are normal and secondary, in which pathologic lesions are found on pelvic examination or laparoscopic examination of the pelvic organs. Since the incidence varies between 31-92% of the population it has serious implications for our society. It is important to distinguish dysmenorrhea from the premenstrual tension syndrome. Currently primary dysmenorrhea is thought to be due to increased contractility of the myometrium or decreased uterine blood flow from the excessive contractions of increased sensitization of pain fibers to mechanical and chemical stimuli. These three mechanisms of pain production are due to the release of certain prostaglandins from the endometrium during menses which then go directly into the myometrium producing these effects. Situational or psychological factors may accentuate or decrease the pain. Treatment is with antiprostaglandin drugs. There are several causes of secondary dysmenorrhea both congenital and acquired. Laparoscopy is frequently needed along with D&C to make the diagnosis. After diagnosis is made appropriate treatment can be undertaken to relieve the pain. PMID- 6685411 TI - [Sensitivity of free and conjugated plasma catecholamines as indicators of left ventricular contraction disorder of the heart]. AB - Hemodynamic parameters were measured (using a Swan-Ganz semifloating balloon tipped catheter) and free and conjugated catecholamines were assessed radioenzymatically in plasma from the pulmonary artery in 6 patients (5 postinfarction patients, 1 with idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy; 56 +/- 7 years old) and 6 healthy control subjects (48 +/- 6 years old). The tests were carried out at rest and during bicycle ergometry in the supine position at incremented work loads. Neither at rest nor during exercise was cardiac output in patients and controls significantly different. The mean capillary wedge pressure (PCPm) was elevated above control values in 1 patient at rest and in all patients during exercise. This may be indicative of impaired left ventricular contractility. The mean ergometric exercise level in patients was 100 w, in the control group 187 w. Conjugated plasma catecholamines showed no exercise dependency, and there were no significant differences between patients and controls. Free dopamine comprised less than 5% of the whole dopamine fraction, free noradrenaline and free adrenaline less than 50% of their fractions. A significant exercise dependency was observed in the case of free noradrenaline and adrenaline in patients and controls; at the same exercise levels, the increase in free noradrenaline was significantly higher in patients than in control subjects (p less than 0.01). During exercise, a correlation between free plasma noradrenaline and PCPm (r = 0.60, p less than 0.01) was observed, but not with certainty in patients (r = 0.27). The free plasma noradrenaline may be seen as a sensitive sympathetic indicator of impaired left ventricular contractility. PMID- 6685412 TI - Angiosarcoma of the spleen in the case of a 75-year-old female patient. PMID- 6685413 TI - Fine structure of the club cells in the skin of ostariophysan fish. AB - The club cells of the epidermis of a number of species of cyprinoid and siluroid fish have been examined by electron microscopy. As reported by previous authors, most cellular organelles are confined to a perinuclear zone. The outer cytoplasm, hitherto described as fibrillar or vesicular, is characterized by the presence of filaments of approximately 10 nm diameter, which have a spiral configuration. These helices are arranged in random directions. The coil diameter is about 50 nm, but the pitch varies widely, between species and even sometimes in different examples in a single specimen. The outer cytoplasm also contains amorphous electron-dense material, some vesicular profiles, especially at the periphery of the cell, and some ribosomes. Ribosomes are more numerous in the small club cells deep in the epidermis which are presumed to be relatively juvenile. The coiling filaments are associated with desmosome plaques, like the tonofilaments of the epithelial cells. A further resemblance to tonofilaments was noted in two species of topical catfish, where chilling the tissue induced felting of the tonofilaments and also of the helical filaments of the club cells, which aggregated to form a capsule of electron-dense material surrounding the perinuclear cytoplasm. The functions of club cells are briefly not yet experimentally established, and that the recognition of specific pheromones in ostariophysan fish is a secondary phenomenon. There is evidence suggesting that is some circumstances a club cell may discharge part of the outer cytoplasm, and then be re-enclosed in the epidermis. In damaged epidermis, club cells occasionally become confluent above the basal layers of epithelial cells. PMID- 6685414 TI - Eight types of endocrine cells in the abomasum of sheep. AB - In the ovine abomasum, 8 types of endocrine cells were classified at ultrastructural level. The gastric-type EC cells contained oval and pleomorphic granules with high electron density. The intestinal-type EC cells were filled with oval, irregular and highly dense granules. ECL cells contained irregular granules with high density and wide clear spaces. D cells were filled with round granules showing low to moderate density and finely granular matrix D1 cells contained round or oval granules with variable, low to moderate density and finely granular content. G cells showed round and oval granules with moderate density, densely packed or flocculent content. F cells were filled with oval or elliptic granules showing low density with a finely granular and flocculent matrix. X cells contained round granules with high density and homogeneous material. Gastric-type EC cells, intestinal-type EC cells, D cells, and D1 cells were represented in the cardiac, fundic and pyloric gland areas of the ovine abomasum. ECL cells and F cells were confined to the fundic glands, G cells and X cells to the pyloric glands. PMID- 6685415 TI - Time courses of antibody levels in Mastomys natalensis after infections with Litomosoides carinii, Dipetalonema viteae, Brugia malayi or B. pahangi, Determined by ELISA. AB - Using a Litomosoides carinii adult antigen, time courses of antibody levels were followed by an ELISA in L. carinii, Dipetalonema viteae, Brugia malayi and B. pahangi infected Mastomys natalensis. Using various groups of infected animals, periods up to 400 days after infection were covered. In L. carinii infected Mastomys, antibodies were first detected 11 days p.i. and levels increased rapidly until day 40. Temporarily reduced levels about the beginning of patency were followed by increasing values until about 100 days p.i. Then the antibody content of the sera remained more or less constant until about 250 days p.i. although maximum levels were found at day 170. Thereafter, the antibody concentration in the sera declined slowly but high levels were still observed 390 days p.i. The antibody content was usually higher in animals with high microfilariae densities than in those with low microfilariae counts but relations could not be proven statistically. In D. viteae infected Mastomys, maximum antibody values were reached within the beginning of patency. Levels were not altered markedly until about 110 days p.i. Thereafter they decreased slightly but then remained constant until the end of the investigation period 350 days p.i. B. malayi infected animals showed a rapid increase of the antibody content in the sera; a maximum was reached by 20 days after the infection. Thereafter, somewhat constant levels were found for 4--5 months. After 300 days p.i. the antibody levels declined progressively, accompanied with increasing parasitaemia densities; after 380 days the levels reached about 2/3 of the maximum. However, despite this, no relation was found between the levels of parasitaemia and antibody in individual animals. In B. pahangi infections the main prepatent antibody increase occurred during week 5 p.i., when maximum values were observed. The beginning of patency and the early patency were accompanied with slightly declining antibody levels. From 150 days p.i. until the end of the investigation 400 days p.i., the antibody content of the sera was fairly constant. PMID- 6685417 TI - [Diagnosis of intrauterine infections in stillborn infants with 3d degree maceration]. PMID- 6685416 TI - [Comparative study of DNA clusters in various insect species]. PMID- 6685418 TI - [Conservative therapy of mastopathy]. AB - In this publication about the conservative therapy of mastopathy is referred. The expression "mastopathy" should be replaced by a histopathological classification. The etiology of this disease is discussed. At the moment hormonal treatment and treatment without hormones is used. The therapy of this disease isn't very important because of the high incidence. A preliminary report about a randomized study for conservative treatment of mastopathy is given, which could influence the therapeutic procedure of conservative treatment even now. PMID- 6685419 TI - [Antagonism between hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus and lactic acid bacteria in vitro and the use of the latter as a sanitary agent]. AB - The study of antagonism between S. aureus hospital strains and lactic acid bacteria, strain 317/402 "Narine", revealed that the latter possessed high antagonistic activity. A new method for the sanitation of carriers of S. aureus hospital strains was developed; this method made it possible to limit the epidemiological significance of 82% of these strains. PMID- 6685420 TI - Plasma sex hormone-binding globulin and androgen levels in the management of hirsute patients. AB - Hirsutism in women is a manifestation of excessive androgen action. This may be due to excessive exposure, or to increased sensitivity, of peripheral tissues to androgens. The present study was undertaken to estimate the percentage of hirsute patients with hyperandrogenaemia and to examine the effect of correction of hyperandrogenaemia on the clinical presentation. Plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and androstenedione were determined in 58 hirsute patients before and following 3 months therapy with dexamethasone, 0.5 mg nocte. Testosterone expressed as a function of SHBG (testosterone/SHBG) provides an index of the non-protein bound testosterone fraction. Plasma levels of androstenedione were significantly elevated in 28% of hirsute patients, testosterone in 31% and testosterone/SHBG was elevated in 52%. Five per cent of patients had an elevated androstenedione value together with a normal testosterone/SHBG value. A subgroup of 13 hirsute patients with oligomenorrhoea had significantly higher values for androstenedione and testosterone/SHBG than eumenorrhoeic hirsute patients, and plasma testosterone, androstenedione and testosterone/SHBG values were more frequently elevated. In hirsute patients dexamethasone therapy resulted in suppression of plasma testosterone and androstenedione values, a significant increase in plasma SHBG and a marked fall in testosterone/SHBG. Following treatment with dexamethasone hyperandrogenaemia was corrected in 64% of hirsute patients, a decrease in the rate of hair growth or a resumption of a normal menstrual pattern occurred in 70% and concordant hormonal and clinical changes occurred in 79% of patients. These observations indicate that the testosterone/SHBG ratio is a sensitive index of hyperandrogenaemia, the correction of which is associated with clinical improvement. PMID- 6685421 TI - Sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in serum in threatened abortion. AB - The binding capacity of the sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was determined by means of a new dihydrotestosterone-binding-capacity test in 73 pregnant women admitted to hospital because of vaginal bleeding between the 6th and 18th gestational week. In general, pregnancies ending in spontaneous abortion displayed lower SHBG-levels than pregnancies with a successful outcome, but a great deal of overlap in SHBG values was found between the abortive and the non abortive cases. In the 6th to 9th weeks of pregnancy 'non-pregnant' SHBG levels were frequently found despite normal levels of oestradiol (E2) in patients continuing pregnancy until delivery. After the 9th gestational week a highly significant positive correlation was found between E2 and SHBG. The lack of correlation between these parameters before this gestational age indicates that the increased SHBG synthesis seen in pregnancy develops later than the rise in E2. Determinations of SHBG were found to be of limited value in evaluation of the prognosis is threatened abortion. PMID- 6685422 TI - Os penis of the rat. IV. The proximal growth cartilage. AB - Histomorphological and histochemical aspects of the proximal cartilage of os penis and its surrounding perichondrium in 60 rats aged between 1 and 100 days are described. Comparisons at 11-14 days with the mandibular condylar cartilage reveal a slight difference in their general morphological composition. The developmental changes which take place in the os penis cartilage reveal histomorphologic events, some of which may be brought into agreement with previous observations of patterns of transformations of the bone. Observations on an age-dependent morphological appearance of the area adjacent to the proximal surface of the cartilage suggest certain agreements between the mandibular angular cartilage and the os penis cartilage. The study of phosphomonoesterases in the os penis cartilage and its perichondrium reveals significant, unexplained differences in the distribution of alkaline phosphatase between this cartilage and the mandibular condylar cartilage. PMID- 6685423 TI - Fluoride in human milk. AB - Reported contents of fluoride (F) in human milk vary considerably. The aim of this study was to determine the F content in human milk under different levels of F intake using a siliconfacilitated microdiffusion technique, which had a good accuracy and precision. The mean F concentration of colostrum from mothers in a 1.0 ppm and a 0.2 ppm F area was 0.36 +/- 0.02 mumol/l (+/- SEM) and 0.28 +/- 0.02 mumol/l, respectively. The mean F concentration of mature milk from a 1.0 ppm F area was 0.37 +/- 0.04 mumol/l. Within the 1.0 ppm F area, the intra- and interindividual differences in F concentration were very small. No statistically significant difference in milk F concentration between the two areas was found. Consequently, breastfed infants living in a 1 ppm or a 0.2 ppm F area will have an approximately equal F intake of 5-10 micrograms per day, in spite of great differences in F intake among the nursing mothers. PMID- 6685424 TI - Excretion of catecholamines by children exposed to atmospheric pollution in the province of Katowice. AB - The excretion of catecholamines was studied in schoolchildren aged 9-11 years in relation to the degree of atmospheric air pollution with nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and dust in th Silesian industrial region. It was found that atmospheric pollution increase within the acceptable range produced stimulation of the sympathetic system, and pollution exceeding manifold this range decreased significantly the level of excreted catecholamines in children. This was particularly evident in the case of dopamine. PMID- 6685425 TI - Comparison of the effects of GABA-mimetic agents on two types of aggressive behavior. PMID- 6685426 TI - Temporal correlation between intrauterine oxygen tension and endometrial H4 lactic dehydrogenase in the guinea pig. PMID- 6685427 TI - Male germ cell tumors. AB - New treatment approaches to male germ cell tumors have produced dramatic improvements in both survival and cure rates. The traditional use of surgery and radiation therapy for all male germ cell neoplasms has given way to individualized therapy based on histology, stage and the serum tumor markers. Cure rates of 95 percent for seminomas and 80 percent for nonseminomatous germ cell tumors are now achieved. PMID- 6685428 TI - Electrophysiologic studies in nonsustained ventricular tachycardia: relation to underlying heart disease. AB - Electrophysiologic studies were performed in 83 patients with spontaneous episodes of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). The clinical arrhythmia was reproduced in 63% (in 42 patients by programmed stimulation and in 10 by isoproterenol infusion). In 15 patients sustained VT could be reproducibly induced by programmed stimulation. Inducibility was related to the associated heart diseases: programmed stimulation induced VT in 25 of 33 patients (75%) with coronary disease, 6 of 18 patients (33%) with cardiomyopathy (dilated in 16, hypertrophic nonobstructive in 2), in 4 of 8 patients (50%) with mitral valve prolapse and in 7 of 24 patients (29%) without structural heart disease. Isoproterenol infusion induced VT in no other patient with coronary artery disease, 1 other patient with mitral valve prolapse, 3 patients with cardiomyopathy, and in 6 of 24 patients without structural heart disease. Sustained VT was induced only in patients with structural heart disease, and correlated with the presence of left ventricular aneurysms: Sustained VT was induced in 9 of 13 patients with left ventricular aneurysms. The study demonstrates that electrophysiologic techniques can reproduce episodes of nonsustained VT in most patients with spontaneous arrhythmias. Some patients who demonstrate only nonsustained VT spontaneously have inducible, sustained VT, most often in the setting of coronary artery disease and left ventricular aneurysms. PMID- 6685429 TI - Structure, cytochemistry, endocytic activity, and immunoglobulin (Fc) receptors of rat testicular interstitial-tissue macrophages. AB - Macrophages are common in rat testicular interstitial tissues. Interstitial tissue macrophages were characterized using ultrastructural, cytochemical, immunologic, and autoradiograhic methods. Testicular interstitial-tissue macrophages have a single indented nucleus, paranuclear Golgi complex, rough endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, and numerous heterogeneous lysosomal vacuoles. Long filopodia and lamellopodia extent from the macrophage cell body into the lymphatic space. Macrophages are usually found adjacent to Leydig cells, and numerous Leydig cell processes are inserted into coated membrane invaginations on the macrophage surface. Secondary lysosomal vacuoles in the macrophage are cytochemically reactive for acid phosphatase (trimetaphosphatase) and aryl sulfatase. Testicular interstitial macrophages are endocytically active, avidly incorporating exogenously administered trypan blue dye and monomeric plutonium-citrate. Macrophages were isolated from the testes by allowing them to adhere to glass. The isolated macrophages were found to have receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G on their surface. The association of macrophages with Leydig cells and their endocytic and immunologic activity suggests that these cells may play an important role(s) in testicular functions. In addition, the ability of these cells to incorporate exogenous materials indicates that they could have a role in gonadal toxicity reactions. PMID- 6685430 TI - The blood counts and lactate dehydrogenase levels in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). AB - The blood counts and lactic dehydrogenase values of eight patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) were reviewed in relation to the clinical course. Three of the eight patients died. In these patients, the hemoglobin was significantly lower and the LDH higher at the time of presentation than that of the patients responding to treatment. The height of the absolute reticulocyte count and platelet count did not correlate as well with outcome as did the degree of anemia and LDH elevation. Microangiopathic changes were noted in all eight patients. A differential count showed that the total microangiopathic changes varied from 0.8 to 54%. The more severe microangiopathic changes occurred in the fatal cases. The observations indicate that the degree of anemia, elevation of LDH, and severity of microangiopathic changes at the time of presentation correlate with the outcome in TTP and provide useful parameters in the assessment of response to therapy. PMID- 6685431 TI - Cerumen removal. How necessary is it to diagnose acute otitis media? AB - We evaluated the consistency and appearance of aural cerumen and the degree to which such cerumen obscured the view of the eardrum in 279 children with unilateral acute otitis media with effusion (AOME). Mechanical removal of cerumen was necessary overall in 29% of the patients. Cerumen removal was inversely proportional to age, and we found it necessary to remove such cerumen to visualize most of the eardrum in 35 (57%) of 61 infants with AOME. Some physicians believe that the heat generated from an intensely inflamed middle ear will invariably cause sticky, honey-colored cerumen to liquefy. Only 29 children (11%) in this study had aural cerumen with a soft cheesy or semiliquefied consistency. PMID- 6685432 TI - Nail dysplasia and fetal alcohol syndrome. Case report of a heteropaternal sibship. AB - We found substantial dysplasia of fingernails and toenails in each of four siblings demonstrating other features consistent with a diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). This aspect of examination is frequently overlooked in routine physical assessments. All four affected teenagers of this heteropaternal sibship demonstrated common features of FAS, including moderate mental retardation, maxillary hypoplasia, an elongated philtrum, and narrow palpebral fissures, as well as absence or dysplasia of two or more nails. Although nail hypoplasia has been previously reported as a minor finding in FAS, a literature review confirmed that nail dysplasia is found in more than 20% of individuals with FAS. PMID- 6685433 TI - Steroid responsiveness. PMID- 6685434 TI - Ultrastructural studies of myeloma cells: observations concerning the Golgi apparatus and intermediate-size filaments. AB - Studies on the ultrastructure of tumor cells of 22 multiple myeloma patients revealed hitherto unreported observations concerning the Golgi apparatus and intermediate-size filaments. Various abnormalities of the Golgi apparatus including displacements of the Golgi stacks, dilatations of cisternae, and massive accumulations of vesicles as well as vacuoles in the Golgi region were found in myeloma cells of 11 patients. Intermediate-size filaments forming a fine intracytoplasmic network were apparent in myeloma cells of all 22 patients. In five patients, in addition to this architecture, intermediate-size filaments were gathered into thick bundles which were primarily but not exclusively located in the perinuclear region. PMID- 6685435 TI - Androgen receptor in human foreskin. II. Characterization of the receptor from hypospadiac tissue. AB - Hypospadias represents a spectrum of disorders known as androgen insensitivity syndromes, which are characterized by a nonresponsiveness of an androgen target tissue to the steroid. The basic defect in this disorder is unknown. This article presents results of studies of the androgen receptor with use of human foreskin from normal neonates undergoing circumcision and from patients undergoing urethroplasty necessitated by hypospadias. It is speculated that a defect in receptor level or function might explain this disorder. The androgen receptors from both normal and hypospadiac tissue were stabilized with a buffer containing 50 mM Tris hydrochloride, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 12 mM monothioglycerol, 10% (v/v) glycerol, and 10 mM sodium molybdate plus 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (pH 7.5). The receptors were characterized by Scatchard analysis, competitive binding assays, sedimentation analysis, molecular sieve chromatography, and isoelectric focusing techniques. Specific R 1881 binding to soluble proteins from normal human foreskin was shown to be high affinity (dissociation constant = 0.5 nM), low capacity (6 fmol/mg of protein), and steroid specific. Sedimentation analysis by sucrose density gradients demonstrated the 8S-to-4S shift from low- to high-salt treatments. The receptor from the foreskins of hypospadiac patients also contained androgen receptor in a concentration similar to that in the foreskins of normal persons. The affinity for steroid binding and sedimentation profiles or sucrose gradients of the androgen receptor between normal persons and hypospadiac patients were also similar. However, the androgen receptor from hypospadiac patients displayed different patterns of molecular sieve chromatography from those displayed by the receptor of normal persons. The reason for this difference is not known but may reflect a defective receptor and explain the basic mechanism of this disorder. PMID- 6685436 TI - The effect of plasma glucose variability on neonatal outcome in the pregnant diabetic patient. AB - Maternal glucose variability was studied in 154 pregnant diabetic patients hospitalized during the last month of their pregnancies. By means of several statistical analyses of the coefficient of variation for within-day plasma glucose variability, we found as follows. (1) There was a significant association between maternal glucose variability and neonatal outcome. (2) Patients with greater glucose variability had more episodes of hyperglycemia, but not hypoglycemia. (3) There was no correlation between maternal glucose variability and the birth weight of the infant. We are proposing the use of an index for glucose variability to monitor glucose control in pregnancy and predict neonatal outcome. Although absence of glucose variability will not ensure prevention of neonatal complications, there is a clear association between greater glucose variability and neonatal complications. PMID- 6685437 TI - Nephelometric urinary protein profile as an index of renal involvement in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. AB - Protein analysis was performed on the urine of 62 pregnant women with the use of a nephelometric technique. Thirty-seven women were classified as having mild or severe pregnancy-induced hypertension and/or chronic hypertension. The protein analysis was performed on urine samples obtained prior to delivery and was compared to the degree of proteinuria as determined by the dipstick technique. The degree of immunoglobulinuria increases with increasing severity of pregnancy induced hypertension while the urine concentration of albumin and transferrin becomes nondetectable. The urinary protein profile appears to be extremely sensitive and accurate in predicting severity of disease. PMID- 6685438 TI - Abnormal fetal heart rate patterns and percentage of creatine phosphokinase-2. AB - Eighteen term newborn infants who had been evaluated by internal fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring were studied to correlate fetal monitor tracings with Apgar scores and serum creatine phosphokinase-1 (CPK2) the myocardium-specific isoenzyme of CPK. The percentage of CPK2 at 30 +/- 6 hours did not correlate significantly with Apgar scores. However, values for the percentage of CPK2 at 30 +/- 6 hours were significantly higher in neonates with abnormal FHR tracings than in those with normal FHR tracings (p less than 0.01). These preliminary data suggest that subtle intrapartum asphyxial injury may be present without adversely affecting Apgar scores. PMID- 6685439 TI - The diagnosis of fetal hydrocephalus. AB - Thirty cases of fetal hydrocephalus were diagnosed at the perinatal ultrasound unit of Yale-New Haven Medical Center during a 41 month period. Prenatal ultrasound was found to be highly valuable in the detection of fetal hydrocephalus. However, the antenatal detection of associated anomalies was not as uniformly successful. The importance of a complete sonographic evaluation of intracranial and extracranial anatomy is stressed, as 10 patients with documented hydrocephalus (37%) had associated intracranial anomalies and 17 patients (63%) had associated extracranial anomalies. In this series, isolated hydrocephalus without associated anomalies occurred in only four patients (15%). PMID- 6685440 TI - Effects of corticosteroid pretreatment on argon laser trabeculoplasty. PMID- 6685442 TI - [Role of genetic factors in menstruation disorders during puberty]. PMID- 6685441 TI - Testosterone-secreting adrenal ganglioneuroma containing Leydig cells. AB - A 58-year-old woman was virilized by a testosterone-secreting adrenal ganglioneuroma containing Leydig cells with crystalloids of Reinke. Examination of the ovaries revealed stromal hyperthecosis and hilus cell hyperplasia. The evidence from this case, as well as related cases in the literature, suggests that cells of the adrenal gland may become transformed into cells of gonadal type in both hyperplastic and neoplastic disorders. PMID- 6685443 TI - Determination of the release rate of aldehyde pheromones from insect lures by cold trapping and direct bioluminescence analysis. AB - A rapid and sensitive procedure for measuring the release rate of aldehyde pheromones from insect lures has been developed. Using cold traps to condense aldehydes released into an airstream, the amount of pheromone in the aqueous condensate could be directly analyzed using a luminescence assay based on the response of bacterial luciferase to long chain aldehydes. A high recovery (approximately 70%) of aldehyde pheromone in the cold trap was obtained even when amounts as low as 10 ng were released into the airstream. Trapping times as low as 5 min can be used and analysis requires only a few seconds after temperature equilibration of the sample. This approach was applied to measure the release rate of 11-tetradecenal from different spruce budworm lures as well as to demonstrate that the release of aldehyde from a lure containing [14C]-cis-9 hexadecenal correlated closely to the release rate of radioactive material. PMID- 6685444 TI - Canine gestation length: variation related to time of mating and fertile life of sperm. AB - Variation in canine gestation length was studied in a Beagle colony (n = 290) in which apparent gestation length, estimated as the interval from the day of first mating to the day of parturition, ranged from 57 to 72 days, and averaged 65.3 +/ 0.2 days. The interval from the day of the peak in luteinizing hormone (LH) to parturition was less variable and ranged from 64 to 66 days and averaged 65.1 +/- 0.1 days (n = 54). Apparent gestation lengths less than or equal to 61 days all resulted from mating greater than or equal to 3 days after the LH peak; those greater than or equal to 68 days all followed initial or single matings occurring greater than or equal to 2 days before the LH peak. Fertile single matings 3 days before the LH peak provided evidence that the potential postcoital fertile longevity of canine sperm is at least 6 days and thus contributed, along with variability in the onset of estrus, to the observed variation in apparent gestation length in the dog. The limited range in the interval from the day of the preovulatory LH peak to the day of parturition (64, 65, or 66 days) demonstrates a considerable regularity in the sequential events of gestation in the dog. PMID- 6685445 TI - Response of gilts with delayed puberty to pregnant mare serum gonadotropin or estrogen. AB - The effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) or estradiol cyclopentylpropionate (EC) on the induction of estrus, duration of estrus, and serum progesterone concentration after estrus was evaluated in 8 gilts with delayed puberty. Four gilts were given 500 IU of PMSG IM and 4 were given 2 mg of EC, IM. The inactive status of the ovaries at the time of treatment was verified by serum progesterone values of less than 0.5 ng/ml in serial samples collected before treatment. The 4 EC-treated gilts came into estrus at a mean of 3.5 days after treatment, but 1 of the gilts did not form corpora lutea. Three PMSG treated gilts came into estrus at a mean of 4.0 days after treatment. The remaining PMSG-treated gilt remained anestrus and did not form corpora lutea. The mean duration of estrus in EC-treated gilts was 5.25 days compared with 2.0 days for PMSG-treated gilts (P less than 0.05). Serum progesterone concentrations were higher in PMSG-treated gilts than in EC-treated gilts at 8, 11, and 17 days after treatment (P less than 0.05). PMID- 6685446 TI - Interaction of dichlorvos-crotoxyphos insecticide with phenothiazine anthelmintic in sheep with or without Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus infections. AB - The temporal interaction of an emulsifiable mixture of 2.3% dichlorvos and 10% crotoxyphos with phenothiazine anthelmintic was studied in 8 groups of 5 lambs each, free from or parasitized with Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus spp. Each lamb in 1 of 3 parasitized groups and 1 of 3 nonparasitized groups was treated with phenothiazine orally (12.5 g initially and 4 days later with 6.25 g every 3 days for 9 treatments) and/or the mixture of dichlorvos and crotoxyphos dermally (1,550 ml of 0.25% emulsion sprayed every 2 weeks for 3 applications). Two groups served as controls. Onset of clinical signs of toxicosis, lethality, and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (EACE) activity were monitored. After each dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture spray, clinical signs of toxicosis were seen within 40 minutes in parasitized and nonparasitized lambs regardless of concurrent phenothiazine treatment. Phenothiazine alone was not toxic and did not inhibit EACE activity. The EACE activities of dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture sprayed lambs were significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed regardless of parasitism or concurrent phenothiazine treatments. The severity of inhibition increased with each dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture spray, but EACE activity recovered within 48 hours after each spray although base-line values were never attained. There was no apparent potentiation of the toxic effects of the dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture by phenothiazine. PMID- 6685447 TI - [Kinetics of the mycelial growth of Conidiobolus obscurus]. AB - The growth of C. obscurus was studied in solid and liquid media. In agar media, the hyphal growth was linear, but the number of apices increased exponentially; total growth was consequently exponential but characterized by a low growth rate. In batch cultures in a fermenter, mycelial growth was continuously linear following a short exponential phase. The absence of branching induced a linear development of the fungus in liquid culture. Fermentation balances showed that the linear growth could not result from the presence of a specific inhibitor, nor from the existence of a limiting concentration of a nutrient in the medium. Hypotheses concerning the non-branching of the fungus in liquid culture are discussed. PMID- 6685448 TI - Plastic embedding as a tool in surgical pathology diagnosis. AB - Plastic (polymer) embedding is recommended as the method of choice for studying small biopsies such as those obtained from liver, bone marrow, lung and by endoscopy from the gastro-intestinal tract. The method offers the opportunity to examine one to four micron thick sections and, therefore, to evaluate cytologic detail. Multiple levels can be obtained from such fragments, and the reasonably large blocks provide adequate section size for diagnostic purposes. PMID- 6685449 TI - [Diurnal variations in thee pancreatic proteases in th chicken fed with a meal]. AB - Pancreatic protease contents (trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen) were analyzed in 4- and 8-week-old chickens fed a single 2-hour meal daily. Enzyme activities showed a 24-hour cyclic degression and repletion rhythm. According to the age of the animal, pancreatic depletion preceded (4 weeks) or coincided (8 weeks) with the beginning of the meal. No rhythm was observed in the ad libitum fed chicken. Pancreatic secretion was also studied in the small intestine contents (duodenum, jejunum and ileum, successively) in the 8-week-old chickens. PMID- 6685450 TI - Postmortem observations on beta-glucuronidase deficiency presenting as hydrops fetalis. AB - This study reports a case of type VII mucopolysaccharidosis (beta-glucuronidase deficiency) presenting as lethal hydrops fetalis. Skin fibroblast cultures established postmortem revealed deficient beta-glucuronidase activity. Mucopolysaccharides were stored in various cells of the brain, heart, kidney, liver, and spleen. The stages of maturation of the bones, kidneys, and brain were discrepant, the brain being the least mature organ. A delay in central nervous system maturation may account for psychomotor retardation in some patients with this enzyme deficiency. PMID- 6685451 TI - [Ultrastructure of the spores of fungal strains, producers of fusidic acid, varying in antibiotic activity]. AB - The nature of the fine structure of the spores of fusidic acid-producing organism changed with an increase in the antibiotic activity of its strains. Impairments in the structure of the cell coating were observed. The surface layers of the spore wall became labile, they were capable of separating, destructive impairment in the electron solid structures were detected in the spore cytoplasm, such impairments resulted in autolysis of extended areas. The lability of the surface layers of the spore wall promoted contacts between the spore cell coatings. The increased adhesive properties of the spore coatings resulted in formation of the spore "heads" typical of sporulation in highly active strains. The latter were characterized by a marked increase in the number of the spores filled with lipids and devoid of the main cell organelles and having a changed structure of the spore wall. This explained the marked decrease in the viability of the conidia of the highly active strains of the organism producing fusidic acid. PMID- 6685453 TI - Activities of aztreonam and new cephalosporins against infrequently isolated gram negative bacilli. AB - The susceptibilities of 159 clinical isolates of glucose nonfermentative gram negative bacilli were determined for eight new monobactam or beta-lactam antibiotics. Imipemide (N-formimidoyl thienamycin) was effective against the largest number of species, although not against Pseudomonas maltophilia. Cefoperazone and ceftazidime, but not cefsulodin, were active against infrequently isolated Pseudomonas species. Aztreonam, moxalactam, cefotaxime, and ceftizoxime demonstrated selective activity against several species, including certain amino-glycoside-resistant isolates. PMID- 6685452 TI - Pharmacokinetics of aztreonam in patients with various degrees of renal dysfunction. AB - We have studied the pharmacokinetics of 1-g intravenous doses of aztreonam in four groups of six volunteers each, distinguished by their creatinine clearances (greater than 80, 30 to 80, 10 to 29, and less than 10 ml/min). Subjects received 1 g of aztreonam intravenously without any complications. Aztreonam serum and urine levels were measured by microbiological methods and by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and unbound serum aztreonam was determined by ultrafiltration. Serum levels were well described by a two-compartment infusion model. From this model we determined steady-state volume of distribution, alpha distribution phase half-life, beta elimination phase half-life, and total clearance of aztreonam. The mean of beta elimination phase half-life ranged from 2 h in normal subjects to 6 h in anephric patients. The total clearance of aztreonam correlated closely with corrected creatinine clearance calculated from serum creatinine, age, and sex (r = 0.97, P less than 0.001) and ranged from a mean value of 107 ml/min in normal subjects to 29 ml/min in functionally anephric patients. Some 75% of aztreonam excretion was renal. Urinary recovery of aztreonam ranged from 58% of the administered dose in normal subjects to 1.4% in uremic patients. Free aztreonam in serum correlated inversely with creatinine clearance (P less than 0.001). A nomogram was developed as a guide for adjustment of aztreonam dosage according to renal function. PMID- 6685454 TI - Aztreonam, cefoperazone, and gentamicin in the treatment of experimental Enterobacter aerogenes endocarditis in rabbits. AB - The effectiveness of aztreonam, cefoperazone, and gentamicin alone and in combination was evaluated in Enterobacter aerogenes endocarditis in rabbits. The minimal inhibitory concentration/minimal bactericidal concentration ratios for E. aerogenes were as follows: aztreonam, 0.4/0.4 microgram/ml; cefoperazone, 0.8/0.8 microgram/ml; and gentamicin, 3.1/3.1 micrograms/ml. With an inoculum of 10(9) organisms per ml, aztreonam and cefoperazone were equivalent in reducing titers of E. aerogenes in broth, and both drugs demonstrated an increased rate of reduction when gentamicin was added; gentamicin alone was least effective. E. aerogenes endocarditis in rabbits was treated intramuscularly with aztreonam (60 mg/kg) every 6 h, with cefoperazone (60 mg/kg) every 6 h, with gentamicin (1.7 mg/kg) every 8 h, and with aztreonam plus gentamicin or cefoperazone plus gentamicin for 5 and 10 days, respectively. All of the therapeutic regimens were effective in reducing vegetation titers as compared with untreated controls. Aztreonam plus gentamicin was more effective than either aztreonam or gentamicin alone. Cefoperazone plus gentamicin was more effective than cefoperazone alone but was not more effective than gentamicin alone. Neither aztreonam and cefoperazone nor aztreonam and gentamicin differed significantly, but gentamicin was significantly more effective than cefoperazone. Aztreonam plus gentamicin did not differ significantly in effectiveness from cefoperazone plus gentamicin. Aztreonam gave a peak level of about 135 micrograms/ml and a half-life of 0.7 h. Cefoperazone gave a peak level of about 155 micrograms/ml and a half-life of 1.1 h. Gentamicin gave a peak level of 7.4 micrograms/ml and a half-life of 1.3 h. PMID- 6685455 TI - Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of aztreonam in healthy subjects. AB - The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of aztreonam (SQ 26,776) were studied in four healthy male volunteers, each of whom received single 500-mg intravenous and intramuscular doses of 14C-labeled drug according to a two-way crossover design. Serial samples of serum, urine, and feces were assayed for aztreonam and metabolites. Serum pharmacokinetics of aztreonam administered intravenously were described by an open, linear, two-compartment kinetic model. Kinetics of intramuscular aztreonam followed a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. Intramuscular bioavailability was 100%. After either intravenous or intramuscular administration, aztreonam was eliminated primarily by urinary excretion of unchanged drug (about 66% of dose), whereas only 1% of the dose was found as unchanged drug in the feces, presumably owing to biliary secretion. The average elimination half-life of aztreonam was 1.6 and 1.7 h, respectively, for intravenous and intramuscular administration. Aztreonam did not undergo extensive metabolism; the most prominent biotransformation product of aztreonam was SQ 26,992, the compound resulting from the hydrolytic opening of the beta-lactam ring. Urinary and fecal SQ 26,992 constituted 7 and 3% of the administered dose, respectively. SQ 26,992 was eliminated at a considerably slower rate than was aztreonam. PMID- 6685456 TI - [Toxic and teratogenic effects of the ammonium salt of fosamine on the development of quail and chick embryos]. AB - The effects of a commercial spray preparation of ammonium salt ppf fosamine (a defoliant) on quail and chick eggs have been studied. The results lead us to conclude that under the stated conditions the product has little embryotoxicity. However, it does have teratogenic effects on the steal and on the cervical, dorsal and posterior axial skeleton. The observed malformations are more severe and appear more frequently in quail than in chick embryos. PMID- 6685457 TI - Uricase from soybean root nodules: purification, properties, and comparison with the enzyme from cowpea. AB - A 45-fold purification of uricase (urate:O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.7.3.3) from soybean root nodules by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography is described. Electrophoresis on nondenaturing gels using an activity stain or on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels demonstrated that the enzyme obtained was nearly homogeneous. The subunit molecular weight of uricase estimated from SDS gels was 32,000 +/- 3000. Gel-filtration studies indicated that the native enzyme is a monomer at pH 7.5 which associates to form a dimer at pH 8.8. Enzyme activity was stabilized by the addition of dithiothreitol. The pH dependence of the enzyme showed an optimum of 9.5. Initial rate kinetics showed Km values of 10 and 31 microM for uric acid and oxygen, respectively, with an intersecting pattern of substrate dependence. Uricase activity was inhibited strongly by xanthine, which was competitive with respect to uric acid (Ki = 10 microM). No significant inhibition was observed in the presence of a variety of amino acids, ammonium, adenine, or allopurinol, in contrast with results reported for the cowpea enzyme. Gel-filtration chromatography and SDS-gel electrophoresis of uricase purified by the same method from cowpea nodules indicated that the native enzyme exists as a monomer of Mr 50,000 at pH 7.5. PMID- 6685458 TI - Identification of the glucose transporter in rat skeletal muscle. AB - The glucose transporter in the plasma membrane of rat skeletal muscle has been identified by two approaches. In one, the transporter was detected as the polypeptide that was differentially labeled by photolysis with [3H]cytochalasin B in the presence of L- and D-glucose. [3H]Cytochalasin B is a high-affinity ligand for the transporter that is displaced by D-glucose. In the other, the transporter was detected by means of its reaction with rabbit antibodies against the purified glucose transporter from human erythrocytes. By both procedures, the transporter was found to be a polypeptide with a mobility corresponding to a molecular weight of 45,000-50,000 upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6685459 TI - The interaction of human erythrocyte Band 3 with cytoskeletal components. AB - Band 3 of the human erythrocyte is involved in anion transport and binding of the cytoskeleton to the membrane bilayer. Human erythrocytes were treated to incorporate varying concentrations of DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2' disulfonic acid) a non-penetrating, irreversible inhibitor of anion transport, and both functions of Band 3 were analyzed. The rate of efflux of 35SO2-4 was measured and the binding of cytoskeletal components to the membrane was evaluated by extracting the membranes with 0.1 N NaOH and analyzing for the peptides remaining with the membrane. It was found that 0.1 N NaOH extracts all the extrinsic proteins from membranes of untreated cells, while, in the case of the membranes from cells treated with DIDS, a portion of the cytoskeletal components, spectrin (Bands 1 and 2) and Band 2.1 (ankyrin, syndein) remain with the membrane. The amount of these cytoskeletal components remaining with the membrane depends on the concentrations of DIDS incorporated. The effect of DIDS on the extractability of the spectrin-Band 2.1 complex correlates well with DIDS inhibition of anion transport (r = 0.91). At DIDS concentrations which completely inhibit anion transport, about 10% of total spectrin-Band 2.1 complex remains unextracted. Another anion-transport inhibitor, pyridoxal phosphate, has no effect on binding of the cytoskeleton to the membrane. On the other hand, digestion of DIDS-pretreated intact erythrocytes with Pronase, chymotrypsin, or trypsin releases the tight binding of Band 3 to cytoskeleton on the inside of the membrane. Since trypsin does not hydrolyze Band 3 the data suggest that a second membrane protein which is trypsin sensitive may be involved with Band 3 in cytoskeletal binding. PMID- 6685460 TI - Pigmented purpuric dermatosis-like reaction to topical fluorouracil. PMID- 6685461 TI - [Intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus]. PMID- 6685462 TI - Observations on the hatching and activation of fresh Taenia saginata eggs. AB - A method is described for the hatching and activation of Taenia saginata eggs. All proglottids collected from eight naturally-infected people in Kenya contained a high proportion of eggs with oncospheres that could be activated. A mean activation rate of 82.7% was recorded in eggs aged ten hours to ten days. Bile, in the absence of pancreatic enzymes, stimulated activation of T. saginata oncospheres but trypsin was necessary to achieve hatching from the oncospheral membrane. PMID- 6685463 TI - Effect of steroid hormones on membrane sugar transport in human spermatozoa. AB - Using the model of exchange transport, we found that glucose transport through the human spermatozoa membrane (447 +/- 54 pmoles/min/10(8) cells) is probably the rate-limiting step in sugar utilization. Sugar transport was more efficient for glucose than for fructose (182 +/- 32 pmoles/min/10(8) cells) and depends on a highly asymmetric carrier with at least two transporting sites. Transport was drastically dependent on pH with an optimal pH of 7.4, showing a decrease of more than 60% with a change of 1 pH unit. Testosterone and 17-B estradiol increased the amount of transported sugar (619 +/- 73 and 922 +/- 110 pmoles/min/10(8) cells, respectively), while progesterone has no effect. PMID- 6685464 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Potential benefit of splenectomy after plasma exchange. AB - Two patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) were treated with a combination of antiplatelet drugs, corticosteroids, and plasma exchange. There was immediate clinical and laboratory improvement in both patients. However, the improvement did not persist following plasma exchange, even with infusions of fresh frozen plasma. Splenectomy was performed on both patients with subsequent sustained remission of the disease. Platelet counts returned to normal within eight days (case 1) and five days (case 2). Follow-up at eight months in one patient and at four months in the other disclosed normal laboratory values with no evidence of recurrent TTP. These cases suggest that in addition to other therapies, splenectomy may be beneficial in some patients. PMID- 6685466 TI - Focal cerebral ischemia and mitral valve prolapse in monozygotic twins. AB - Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common frequently inherited cardiac valvular disorder. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) is an apparent complication of MVP. We report the concordance of MVP and ICVD in a pair of monozygotic twins. This occurrence reinforces the concepts that MVP is highly concordant in monozygotic twins and that it can be the cause of familial ICVD. PMID- 6685465 TI - The cardiomyopathies. A pathophysiologic approach to therapeutic management. AB - "Cardiomyopathies" are a disparate group of myocardial disorders, usually of unknown or obscure origin, characterized by systolic or diastolic myocardial dysfunction but involving conditions of widely divergent pathophysiology. For purposes of devising appropriate clinical management, a useful classification scheme can be created with reference to the type of pathophysiologic abnormality exhibited. On this basis, three major types can be identified: (1) congestive (poor systolic function, normal diastolic function, left ventricular dilatation without the expected degree of compensatory hypertrophy), (2) hypertrophic (supernormal systolic function, subnormal diastolic function, and pronounced left ventricular hypertrophy, usually asymmetric, without dilatation), and (3) restrictive (normal or near-normal systolic function and subnormal diastolic function, usually mild symmetrical left ventricular, without dilatation). Noninvasive identification of these pathophysiologic features can be useful in optimizing management programs. PMID- 6685467 TI - Hyperthyroidism appearing as hyperemesis gravidarum. AB - Vomiting is a poorly recognized manifestation of hyperthyroidism. During pregnancy, this appearance can be indistinguishable from hyperemesis gravidarum. Two patients with intractable hyperemesis gravidarum were found to have hyperthyroidism. Their symptoms resolved when thyroid functions returned to normal. Given the ease of laboratory confirmation, excellent therapy, and the seriousness of delay in diagnosis, thyrotoxicosis should be considered in patients with unusual or severe hyperemesis gravidarum. PMID- 6685468 TI - Pregnancy complicated by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with fetal sparing. AB - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) occurred in a young woman during the ninth month of an uneventful pregnancy. At birth, the infant was asymptomatic, with a platelet count of 160,000/cu mm. Repeated examinations of the infant's peripheral blood film have shown normal platelet estimates and no fragmented erythrocytes. These findings support the conclusion that the placenta serves as an effective barrier to plasmatic changes presumed to be of importance in the pathogenesis of TTP. PMID- 6685469 TI - Elastic fiber microfibrils: filaments that anchor the epithelium of the epiglottis. AB - Electron microscope study of the epiglottis in the rat and mouse reveals bundles of tubular-shaped filaments (11 nm diameter) that anchor the basal lamina of the epithelial lining. These anchoring filaments are present both on the laryngeal and oral surfaces of the organ. The filaments are shown to be continuous to elastic fiber microfibrils (EFM) of elastic fibers in the underlying connective tissue. It is suggested that EFM in adults function as anchoring filaments for cells and connective tissue fibers. PMID- 6685470 TI - Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the eyelid. AB - Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), a benign lesion histopathologically characterized by intravascular fibrous papillary fronds covered by pleomorphic endothelium, is usually found in the subcutaneous tissues of the head and extremities. We describe the clinical and histologic findings of IPEH in the upper eyelid of a 20-year-old woman. Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia has been confused with angiosarcoma. The differential diagnosis and key distinguishing features are discussed and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 6685471 TI - Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the orbit and ocular adnexa. A report of five cases. AB - This is a clinicopathologic study of five patients with intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia involving the orbit and ocular adnexa. The median age of the patients was 45 years. Three lesions were located in the orbit, one in the eyelid, and one in the eyebrow. Four lesions were located within a distended vein and one involved an artery. The walls of the vessel corresponded to the "capsule" of the circumscribed mass. The lumen disclosed different stages of organization of a thrombus with prominent endothelial cell proliferation centered around cores of collagenous tissue and fibrin. Electron microscopy of one lesion displayed spindle-shaped cells with features of endothelial cells forming a polarized basement membrane with numerous micropinocytotic vesicles on their plasmalemma. Some cells showed ultrastructural features of pericytes. The lesion, which may be confused with angiosarcoma, represents an unusual exuberant proliferation of vascular endothelium as a cellular response to the organization of a thrombus. PMID- 6685473 TI - Snuff dipper's carcinoma. AB - Among 290 patients with primary oral cavity or oropharyngeal tumors, 57 used snuff exclusive of other known oral carcinogenic agents. They were primarily white women older than 60 years who had "dipped" snuff longer than 40 years. Carcinomas appeared preponderantly in the buccal (47.5%) and alveolar (31.5%) regions, coincident to the location of the "quid." Many that clinically looked like verrucous carcinomas were histologically well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas and acted as other squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity do. Irradiation or resection were equally effective for the same grade of tumor. Fifty-eight percent of patients had recurrence or a contiguous second primary tumor; almost half (47.3%) had concurrent leukoplakia, and 13.9% had had leukoplakia excised previously, all related to the progressive panmucosal insult. PMID- 6685472 TI - Human tumor cloning assay in advanced head and neck cancer. Prospective correlative trial. AB - The feasibility and usefulness of chemosensitivity testing with the soft agar cloning assay was tested in 20 patients with advanced head and neck cancer. Pretreatment biopsy specimens could be obtained on only 13 of 20 patients, and chemosensitivity testing could be performed in only two patients. As currently used, the soft agar cloning assay does not contribute to the management of patients with advanced head and neck cancer. PMID- 6685475 TI - Oviposition deterrency of 1, 1-bis (4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-nitropropane against the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, in relation to concentration and method of application. PMID- 6685474 TI - A nontoxic adjuvant treatment for advanced head and neck cancer. AB - A variety of adjuvant chemotherapy programs have been described for advanced head and neck cancer. The protocol described herein is nontoxic and particularly appropriate for patients with advanced tumors who cannot, because of severe pulmonary disease, tolerate bleomycin sulfate. Eighty percent of patients treated with this combination responded with more than 50% tumor shrinkage. Chemotherapy was followed by either surgery, radiation therapy, or both. Long-term control with this combined modality therapy was better in oral cavity and oropharyngeal lesions than in tumors from the hypopharynx. PMID- 6685476 TI - Prevalence of turbinate atrophy in slaughtered pigs: an abattoir survey. PMID- 6685477 TI - Female-induced pregnancy block in the golden hamster. AB - Recently mated female golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were paired with 12 day pregnant animals for three 10-min periods on 3 consecutive days. Pregnancy success was significantly reduced among subordinate recently mated females whereas litter size was significantly reduced among subordinate 12-day pregnant females. Additional results indicated that physical contact--specifically, defeat by another female--was necessary for blocking to occur. The use of relatively short exposure periods suggests that this effect could occur in the wild. PMID- 6685478 TI - Spatial ability and throwing accuracy. PMID- 6685479 TI - Familial resemblance for educational attainment. PMID- 6685480 TI - Structure of a ribosomal 5S RNA from a mushroom, Coprinus cinereus. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the 5S rRNA from a mushroom, Coprinus cinereus, was determined to be: (sequence in text). This sequence is consistent with current models for the secondary structure of 5S RNAs and indicates a very high degree of sequence conservation among the most highly evolved fungi. Sequence heterogeneity was not evident in this fungus suggesting that the more highly evolved fungi may not contain the dispersed pattern of 5S rRNA genes which have been observed in intermediate fungi such as Neurospora. PMID- 6685481 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic detection of intracellular retinoid binding proteins from cultured cell and tumor cytosols. AB - We report the first application of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the rapid detection of cellular retinoic acid binding protein (CRABP) and cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP). Cytosols from cultured cells (3T6 and MCF-7) or from tumors (melanoma and ovarian) were labeled with [3H]retinoic acid (30 Ci/mmol) and [3H]retinol (43 Ci/mmol) and analyzed via HPLC employing a 60 cm TSK 3000 sw column. In each case CRABP and CRBP were readily detectable at an elution volume of 22.5 ml, consistent with their molecular weights of 14,600. Identity of the binding protein peaks was established by saturability, specificity, and selective inhibition of binding by an organomercurial. Thus, this method, which resolves CRABP and CRBP in crude mixtures from the majority of cytosolic proteins, should be a valuable tool in the evaluation of vitamin A binding protein interactions and their biological significance. PMID- 6685482 TI - [The current state of staphylococcal resistance to chemotherapeutics]. AB - 62 Staphylococci strains classified according to their ability to produce coagulase and their hemolytic activity were tested on susceptibility to 21 antibacterial substances. The tests were carried out with the agar diffusion and agar dilution methods (mostly ADATAB-System: Breakpoint-method with prefabricated tablets). The majority of the investigated strains showed sufficient susceptibility towards the tested substances. For treatment of multi-resistant strains narrow-spectrum antibiotics are recommended. The antibacterial activity of the combination metronidazol with mezlocillin or oxacillin was exclusively determined by the penicillins used. PMID- 6685483 TI - QSAR studies on psychotomimetic phenylalkylamines. AB - Attempts have been made to correlate hyperthermic potencies in rabbits and LSD like effect in rat of a series of phenylisopropylamines (amphetamines) with physico-chemical parameters. In case of 2,4,5-trisubstituted analogs, hyperthermic potencies are found to be well correlated parabolically with the hydrophobic parameter pi. However, for the same series, the LSD-like effect is found to be related with pi in combination of steric parameter of 4-substituent. It is therefore inferred that hyperthermia in rabbit may be the function only of the hydrophobic character of molecule, but the LSD-like effect is influenced by the steric hindrance of 4-substituent also. PMID- 6685484 TI - Domiodol; separation of cis and trans isomers and comparison of their pharmacological activity. AB - Cis and trans isomers of 2-iodomethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane (domiodol, MG 13 608) were separated by preparative GLC and prepared on a larger scale by previous resolution of an intermediate. Acute toxicity and effect on respiratory tract excretion were evaluated for domiodol and for each isomer: no significant differences were found. PMID- 6685485 TI - Antihypertensive ergolinepropionamides. AB - The synthesis and the antihypertensive activity in rats of a series of 6 methylergolin-8 beta-yl-propionic acid derivatives are reported. The prolactin lowering activity (nidation inhibition test) in rats and the acute toxicity in mice were also studied as a measure of the specificity and safety of the potential antihypertensive compounds. From the structure-activity considerations reported here it is clear how modifications at the C8 side chain can improve the selectivity of the antihypertensive effects, whilst introducing substituents in other positions of the ergoline skeleton afforded unfavourable results in this respect. Compound 5, namely 2(R,S)-cyano-3-(6-methylergolin-8 beta-yl) propionamide, emerged as the most interesting antihypertensive derivative. PMID- 6685486 TI - Cardiovascular effects of a new antihypertensive agent in several species. AB - The effects on blood pressure and heart rate of a new ergoline derivative, 2(R,S) Cyano-3-(6-methylergolin-8 beta-yl)-propionamide (355/1057), were evaluated in different models of experimental hypertension as well as in normotensive rats, dogs and cats. Its interference with sympathetic neurotransmission was also studied in anaesthetized cats and dogs and in pithed rats. Dose-related hypotensive effects were found after single oral, intraduodenal and intravenous administration. In all the studied experimental models 355/1057 showed a prompt onset of action and a prolonged effect on blood pressure at low doses without substantially modifying heart rate. Some comparative results obtained with other commercially available antihypertensive agents are also reported. One month daily oral administration in SH-rats produced an antihypertensive effect persisting trough the entire experiment with no signs of tachyphylaxis. In anaesthetized dogs 355/1057 inhibited sthe pressor response elicited by bilateral carotid occlusion and in anaesthetized cats it reduced the response of the nictitating membrane elicited by electrical stimulation of both the pre- and post-ganglionic fibers but not by norepinephrine bolus injection. PMID- 6685487 TI - The influence of a new cardiotonic drug, acrihellin, on sinus node and the current underlying pacemaker activity of cardiac Purkinje fibres. AB - The spontaneous beating frequency of guinea pig sino-atrial preparations was observed under the influence of 3 beta, 5, 14-trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-bufa-20,22 dienolide-3-(3-methylcrotonate (D 12316, acrihellin), a new cardiotonic drug. There was a slight acceleration of spontaneous frequency after administering rather high doses (10(-6) mol/l) of the drug. Voltage clamp experiments were performed in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres. AcriheLlin strongly affected the current underlying pacemaker activity, ik2. The kinetic parameter s infinity of this current system was shifted in the hyperpolarizing direction by 4-13 mV. The amplitude of the pacemaker current in Purkinje fibres was reduced by up to 25% in voltage clamp experiments, but the reversal potential and the inward going rectification were left unchanged. After exposure to adrenaline (epinephrine) the well-known depolarizing shift of s infinity was partially restored by acrihellin. This can be interpreted as an antiadrenergic effect of the drug similar to that of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. However, beta-blockers do not affect the pacemaker kinetics of fibres untreated with adrenaline as does acrihellin. This suggests that the interplay of acrihellin and adrenaline is not that of an agonist and antagonist at a membrane receptor but rather the overlapping of two separate membrane effects. PMID- 6685488 TI - Effects of diltiazem on vulnerability to atrial and ventricular reentrant arrhythmias in the normal and ischemic heart. AB - In experiments on 20 artificially ventilated anaesthetized dogs, the effects of the new calcium antagonist diltiazem on the stimulation thresholds to repetitive extrasystoles and fibrillation of the atria and the ventricles, respectively, and on ventricular dysrhythmias 6-24 h after acute coronary occlusion were investigated. The electrophysiological studies were performed using different methods of programmed stimulation of the heart. The results show that therapeutic doses of diltiazem provide no protection against stimulus-induced supraventricular reentrant arrhythmias with the AV-node not involved in the reentrant circus, and have no antifibrillatory efficacy in electrically induced ventricular arrhythmias in the non-ischemic heart. In acute myocardial infarction there is no antiarrhythmic effect either. Our results can be explained by the fact that diltiazem is a specific calcium antagonist and that the slow response plays only a minor role in the arrhythmias investigated. PMID- 6685489 TI - [Comparative antianginal, hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects of isosorbide-2 mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate in the rat]. AB - The effect of isosorbide 2-mononitrate (IS-2-MN) was compared with that of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in rats regarding the antianginal, haemodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. The antianginal effect of IS-2-MN in equal oral dose persisted 3 times longer in the rat than did ISDN. In the same oral dosage, the two compounds caused the equal reduction of the number of deaths after an acute myocardial infarction. The intravenous or enteral administration of a single IS-2 MN dose caused an increasingly dose-dependent reduction of the systolic and mean arterial blood pressure in anaesthetized rats. The amounts of IS-2-MN required for the purpose were identical for both kinds of application. The fall of the systolic and mean arterial blood pressure due to ISDN is approx. 22 times weaker after enteral administration than it is after intravenous application. The hypotensive effect of ISDN or IS-2-MN could be antagonized by pre-treatment of the animals with i.v. dihydroergotamine (DHE). The half-life of IS-2-MN in the rat was unchanged after increase of the oral doses. The bioavailability of IS-2 MN in the rat was 100%. 1 h after oral or intravenous administration of IS-2-MN to the rat, the concentrations in the walls of aorta abdominalis and aorta thoracica and in the walls of vena cava caudalis and vena thoracica were distinctly greater than in the blood or in the other tissues examined. PMID- 6685490 TI - Absorption and tissue distribution of flunarizine in rats, pigs and dogs. PMID- 6685491 TI - Excretion and metabolism of flunarizine in rats and dogs. AB - The excretion and metabolism of (E)-1-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-(3-phenyl-2 propenyl)piperazine dihydrochloride (flunarizine hydrochloride, R 14 950, Sibelium) were studied after single oral doses in rats and dogs, using tritium labelled as well as 14C-labelled drug. Flunarizine was well absorbed in both species. The mass balance for the unchanged drug and its major metabolites in urine, bile and faeces, as estimated with radio-HPLC, ALLOWED an explanation of the differences observed for the excretion pattern of the radioactivity in flunarizine-14C and flunarizine-3H dosed rats, and in male and female rats. Main metabolic pathway in male rats was the oxidative N-dealkylation resulting in bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanol and a number of complementary metabolites of the cinnamylpiperazine moiety, of which hippuric acid was the main one. In female rats and male dogs, however, hydroxy-flunarizine was the main metabolite, resulting from the aromatic hydroxylation of the phenyl ring of the cinnamyl moiety. Enterohepatic circulation of bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanol and hydroxy flunarizine was proved by "donor-acceptor" coupling in rats; in bile and urine, these two metabolites were present mainly as glucuronides. The glucuronide of hydroxy-flunarizine was also the main plasma metabolite in dogs. PMID- 6685492 TI - [Biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of beta-methyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4 propanenitrile (LU 20884) in rats. Studies on pharmacokinetics]. AB - After oral application in Wistar rats the pharmacokinetic properties of beta methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-propanenitrile (LU 20884) were investigated. The compound is extensively absorbed, a maximum amount of 8.9% being eliminated as unchanged drug. The half-life in plasma is 22.7 h; the highest concentration in plasma is reached after 6.85 h. The maximum of the primary product is achieved after 4 h which substantiates its intensive and fast rate of metabolism. The distribution of LU 20884 is to be seen in the whole organism. An enrichment of activity is to be found in liver and kidney. The lowest concentration can be detected in brain. The elimination takes place almost equally in urine (44.7%) and feces (41.3%). The total excretion of the administered activity is 86.0% after 96 h; 1.8% of the activity still remains in the organism. PMID- 6685493 TI - Denzimol, a new anticonvulsant drug. I. General anticonvulsant profile. AB - The anticonvulsant profile of N-[beta-[4-(beta-phenylethyl)phenyl]-beta hydroxyethyl]imidazole hydrochloride (denzimol, Rec 15-1533) has been evaluated in mice, rats and rabbits in comparison with some standard antiepileptic drugs. Denzimol suppressed electrically and chemically induced tonic seizures but did not prevent the clonic ones. In mice and rabbits the anticonvulsant activity of denzimol against maximal electroshock seizures was almost equal to that of phenytoin and phenobarbital with more rapid onset of action, whereas in rats the compound resulted in being the most potent and the less toxic one showing a longer duration of anticonvulsant activity than phenytoin. In the maximal pentetrazol seizures test in rats denzimol showed a profile similar to that of phenytoin and carbamazepine, but different from that of barbiturates and benzodiazepines so that it is suggested that its clinical application would be that of "grand mal" and psychomotor type seizures therapy. PMID- 6685494 TI - Denzimol, a new anticonvulsant drug. II. General pharmacological activities. AB - The paper reports on the pharmacological properties of N-[beta-[4-(beta phenylethyl)phenyl]-beta-hydroxyethyl]imidazole hydrochloride (denzimol, Rec 15 1533), a compound endowed with anticonvulsant properties, and its possible side effects. Effects on the CNS, effects on vigilance and general motility are similar to those of phenytoin and occur at doses much above anticonvulsant levels. The drug has good in vitro antihistamine, anticholinergic and anti-5-HT activity which accounts for the effects on the gastrointestinal system e.g. inhibition of gastric secretion and motility and anti-ulcer properties. There was no significant effect on the cardiovascular system or respiration, except an interesting antiarrhythmic activity. PMID- 6685495 TI - Denzimol, a new anticonvulsant drug. III. Toxicological evaluation. AB - The toxicological characteristics of N-[beta-[4-(beta-phenylethyl)phenyl]- beta hydroxyethyl]imidazole hydrochloride (denzimol, Rec 15-1533) a drug with a very good anti-convulsant activity in pharmacological studies carried out in different animal species, were evaluated in acute and chronic toxicity studies. The following overall results were obtained: the acute oral toxicity in mice and rats is of low order; in the chronic oral studies denzimol was generally well tolerated when given to rats for 13 and 26 weeks and to dogs for 52 weeks at different dosage levels. In particular, there was no evidence of remarkable neurological effects or lesions in any of these studies. The results of the studies in rats showed the major target organs for the toxicity of denzimol to be the liver and kidney, where mild, reversible changes were observed; instead in dogs no pathological effect was seen, at any of the dosages used (10, 30, 100 mg/kg p.o. per one year). PMID- 6685496 TI - The value of the reserpine test in psychopharmacology. AB - Numerous tests have been proposed to search for a possible antidepressive action. Many of these tests are based on a reversal of different reserpine effects, an approach justified mainly by the use of most the classic or new antidepressants. Three effects of reserpine were examined in mice: hypothermia, ptosis and akinesia. All tests were performed with reserpine 2.5 mg/kg, and the drugs were injected 4 h after reserpine administration. In these three models, we studied the relatively specific effects of 21 drugs known for their influence on the metabolism or action of norepinephrine (noradrenaline), serotonin and dopamine. Our results suggest that hypothermia antagonism is only obtained with drugs stimulating beta-adrenergic receptors directly or indirectly, ptosis antagonism with those stimulating alpha-adrenergic or serotonergic receptors, and akinesia antagonism with those stimulating dopaminergic receptors. PMID- 6685497 TI - [Pharmacologic-toxicologic study of an ibuprofen-containing creme]. AB - The antiphlogistic action, the percutaneous penetrability as well as the systemic and local tolerance of cremes with a different ibuprofen content after epicutaneous administration were examined in the rat, the guinea-pig and the rabbit. The antiphlogistic action was dose-dependently assessed on the carrageenin-induced edema of the rat paw and on UV-erythema in the guinea pig. The cotton-pellet test carried out on the rat evidenced only modest efficacy. The percutaneous penetration of ibuprofen after single epicutaneous application was obtained through the assessment of the active principle in the tissues and in the serum. The tests carried out for ascertaining the systemic and cutaneous tolerance did not evidence even after 3 to 4 weeks treatment with the ibuprofen creme any signs of intolerance due to the substance. In the investigation of the mucosal tolerance, the instillation of ibuprofen creme into the conjunctival sac of the rabbit led to strong yet reversible intolerance reactions in the conjunctiva and in the eyelid. Bearing on the results obtained on the whole, ibuprofen creme at 5% can be envisaged for clinical examination for the treatment of circumscribed rheumatic and traumatic diseases. PMID- 6685498 TI - Changes in the concentration and composition of lipids and lipoproteins in primary hyperlipoproteinemia during treatment with bezafibrate. AB - The effect of 2-(4-chlorobenzoyl-aminoethyl-phenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid (bezafibrate, Cedur) at doses of 3 x 150 mg and 4 x 150 mg daily on lipids and lipoproteins in 27 patients (3 type IIa, 7 type IIb, 1 type III, 12 type IV and 4 type V) was investigated over a period of 24 weeks in a single-blind study. The lower dose was administered for the first 12 weeks and then the higher dose was given. Plasma triglycerides were reduced in all types. This was mainly caused by a massive reduction in VLDL triglycerides. Plasma cholesterol decreased in the types IIa, IIb, III as a result of the reduction of the LDL cholesterol. In type IV, the plasma cholesterol concentration remained unchanged because of a significant rise in the LDL cholesterol (+14%). The HDL cholesterol rose in all types, statistically significantly in the type IV. Phospholipids and protein behaved in an analogous fashion. In comparison with a control group, the lipoprotein fractions VLDL, LDL and HDL retained their abnormal composition in the types IIa, IIb and IV even when the lipid concentrations were massively lowered by bezafibrate. The drug treatment only led to a reduction of circulating lipoproteins in the blood, but didn't contribute to a normalisation of the lipoprotein composition. In the type V, a shift in the direction of type IV was observed. Bezafibrate proved to be well tolerated. PMID- 6685499 TI - [Transdermal salicylate absorption and behavior of corticosteroid plasma levels during epidermal administration of an antiphlogistic ointment]. AB - After repeated epidermal application of an ointment containing salicylic acid, mucopolysaccharidepolysulfate and suprarenal extract (Mobilat) the transdermal absorption of salicylate was determined in seven healthy volunteers by measuring the renal excretion of salicylate as well as the plasma level. The determination of the corticosteroid plasma level was to elucidate a possible effect caused by the suprarenal extract contained in Mobilat ointment. By means of high pressure liquid chromatography the concentrations of salicylic acid and salicyluric acid in the collected urine and in the plasma were established. The quantitative determination of hydrocortisone, 11-desoxycortisol and 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone, selected as indicator steroids, was performed by radioimmuno assay. After repeated application of Mobilat ointment a constant level of salicylic acid in plasma of approximately 0.2 microgram/ml was observed. The total excretion of salicylate reaches a constant level of approximately 12 mg/day. About 6.9% of the amount of salicylate was renally excreted after 7 days. The corticosteroid plasma level showed no significant change. PMID- 6685500 TI - [Syntheses of 14C-1-erythro-norephedrine and its N-substitution products 14C oxyfedrine and 14C-D 13,625]. AB - Starting from 14C-benzene (--)-erythro-norephedrine (14C-1-norephedrine) was obtained in a 6-step synthesis. 14C-1-Norephedrine functioned as an intermediate for the synthesis of the carbon labelled partial beta-agonist oxyfedrine hydrochloride (ildamen) and the new positive inotropic agent D 13 625 (alifedrine hydrochloride). PMID- 6685501 TI - Synthesis of orally active cardiosteroid derivatives. AB - Starting from hellebrigenin, orally cardiotonic active acylcardiosteroid derivatives have been synthesized. D 12316 (acrihellin), the hellebrigenin-3 beta dimethylacrylate, has been chosen for clinical evaluation. PMID- 6685502 TI - Newer formazans and tetrazolium indoles as potential CNS-active agents. AB - Some new 2-aryl-5-(3'-indole)-3'-substituted phenyl tetrazolium bromide/iodide salts (IV) were synthesized by the oxidation of 1-aryl-3-(3'-indole)-5 substituted phenyl fromazans (III). These compounds III and IV were evaluated for their monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity in vitro and various CNS activities in vivo. Several compounds exhibited promising CNS activities, III-b being the most active member of the present series showing marked antidepressant and MAO inhibitory activities and having low toxicity. PMID- 6685504 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships. Antiinflammatory activity of salicylic acid derivatives. AB - A series of 28 substituted salicylic acids possessing antiinflammatory property is investigated for structure-activity relationships in light of the linear free energy related (LFER) and Fujita-Ban models. The Fujita-Ban group contributions have been calculated for 11 different substituents on the parent ring. It is observed that among these only phenyl group at position 5 increases the activity. The activity is found to increase further if electron withdrawing groups are attached to this phenyl substituent. The LFER analysis indicates that the electronic and partitioning effects of the substituents are important factors influencing the antiinflammatory activity. A statistically significant relationship with a correlation coefficient of the order of 0.9 explaining 71% of the variance is obtained using these substituent constants. PMID- 6685503 TI - Synthesis and pregnancy terminating activity of 2-arylimidazo [2,1 a]isoquinolines and isoindoles. AB - A series of 2-arylimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolines (1-21), some 5,6-dihydro derivatives (22-28) and 2-phenyl-5H-imidazol[2,1]isoindole (29) were synthesized and tested for the pregnancy terminating activity in hamsters and rats. An efficient preparation of 2-arylimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolines was devised. The isoquinolines having a 4-chlorophenyl (8), 4-bromophenyl (9), or a biphenylyl group (12) in the 2-position were the most potent compounds after subcutaneous administration. Compound 12 also showed good oral activity. The data obtained with the title compounds are compared with those of the corresponding triazolo [5,1-1]isoquinolines and isoindoles. The structure-activity relationships are discussed. PMID- 6685505 TI - Pharmacokinetics of coumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide in the blood and brain of gerbils following intraperitoneal administration of coumarin. AB - Blood and brain concentration-time profiles were obtained in gerbils following intraperitoneal administration of coumarin (C). The data were fit to one- or two compartment models using several computer programs including NONLIN, modified ESTRIP, RESID and AUC-RPP. The data indicate that coumarin distributes rapidly into the brain tissue reaching about one half the blood concentration at peak time. The peak time brain coumarin concentration and subsequent rapid removal from brain correlates well with the transient sedative effect of coumarin. Area under the curve estimations indicate that 7-hydroxycoumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide distribute into brain tissue to a negligible extent if at all. The pharmacokinetic profile of C as well as the metabolic 7-hydroxylation and glucuronidation found in the blood of the gerbil is similar to that found in man. This would suggest that the gerbil is potentially a good model for pharmacokinetic and pharmacological investigations of C for correlation with human studies. PMID- 6685506 TI - Antiarrhythmic, hemodynamic and cardiac electrophysiological evaluation of N-(2,6 dimethylphenyl)-N'-[3-(1-methylethylamino)propyl]urea (Wy-42,362). AB - The antiarrhythmic, hemodynamic and cardiac electrophysiological effects of (Wy 42,362, in the following briefly called Wy) N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N'-[3-(1 methylethylamino)propyl]urea were examined in several experimental preparations. Wy is an effective antiarrhythmic agent when administered i.v. or p.o. in various models of canine cardiac arrhythmia. Wy elevated ventricular fibrillatory threshold voltage and reverted ouabain-induced, 24- and 48-h post coronary artery ligation-induced Ventricular arrhythmias,, and aconitine-induced atrial arrhythmias at i.v. doses of 4-15 mg/kg. Wy lacked anticholinergic or CNS stimulant activity. In closed-chest anesthetized dogs, Wy at 15 or 25 mg/kg i.v. decreased cardiac output (CO). Unlike disopyramide, i.v. Wy did not produce greater reductions in CO in anesthetized dogs subjected to previous infarction (72-96 h) as compared to normal intact dogs. Wy at 10 or 15 mg/kg i.v. produced slight to moderate decreases in contractile force and showed a tendency to reduce heart rate and blood pressure. Wy produced a generalized depression of cardiac impulse conduction in open-chest, pentobarbital anesthetized dogs but conscious dogs exhibited relatively little ECG evidence of such depression following double the therapeutic i.v. dose. In isolated canine cardiac Purkinje fibers bathed in normal K+-containing physiological solutions. Wy (1-2 X 10(-5) mol/l) produced significant reductions in action potential duration while 2 X 10(-5) mol/l also reduced Vmax and shifted membrane responsiveness curves to the right suggesting depressant action on fast Na+ channel conductance. The data indicate that Wy is an effective antiarrhythmic agent presumably with a class I mechanism of action. PMID- 6685507 TI - Vascular effects of piretanide. Studies on extrarenal action in several animal models. AB - 4-Phenoxy-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-5-sulfamoyl benzoic acid (piretanide, Arelix) was studied for its vasoactive effects in several experimental models. In rat and rabbit thoracic aorta strips, piretanide dose-dependently attenuated contractions induced by norepinephrine (noradrenaline). When contractions were induced by KCl no concentration response curve could be established. Piretanide inhibited the vasoconstrictor response to norepinephrine and to KCl in the rat mesenteric vascular bed. IC50's of 0.5 mmol/l and 4.9 mmol/l, resp., were calculated. In bovine coronary artery strips piretanide caused a marked relaxation. The vasoconstrictor response to PGE2 in piretanide superfused preparations was attenuated in a concentration related manner. Infusion of piretanide (1 mg X ml-1 X min-1) in the isolated guinea pig heart produced a reversible increase of coronary flow. In both normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive bilaterally nephrectomized pithed rats piretanide caused a significant reduction of diastolic blood pressure. The results contribute to the understanding of the antihypertensive effect of piretanide. PMID- 6685508 TI - Renal effects of piretanide in dogs. AB - Effects of 4-phenoxy-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-5-sulfamoyl benzoic acid (piretanide, Arelix) on renal function and hemodynamics were investigated in anesthetized dogs by clearance, stop-flow and radioactive microsphere methods. Marked diuresis occurred within 10 min after intravenous injection of piretanide (0.01, 0.05 and 0.25 mg/kg) and it was accompanied b natriuresis. Piretanide (0.25 mg/kg) clearly inhibited the reabsorption of solute-free water during saline diuresis, suggesting that the drug acts in the ascending limb of Henle's loop. Stop-flow experiments revealed that sodium reabsorption was reduced by piretanide (0.25 mg/kg) at the distal tubule including the ascending limb of Henle's loop. Piretanide (0.25 mg/kg) caused a maximum increase of about 30% in renal blood flow at 10-15 min after the injection; within the renal cortex the increase in blood flow was greater in the juxtamedullary area than in the superficial area. The increased blood flow in the inner cortex conceivably resulted in a washout of the osmotic substances in the medulla and inhibited the concentrating mechanisms of the kidney. The effect of piretanide on intrarenal hemodynamics may also contribute to its diuretic action. PMID- 6685509 TI - Pharmacological and toxicological studies on domiodol, a new mucolytic agent and expectorant. AB - The efficacy and toxicity of a compound containing organically bound iodine, 4 hydroxymethyl-2-indomethyl-2,3-dioxolane (domiodol), were evaluated. After oral and intravenous administration domiodol increased respiratory tract excretion indirectly measured on the basis of bronchial secretion in rats. Based on Kase's method for quantitatively collecting respiratory tract fluid from rabbits, oral domiodol at the dose of 50-200 mg/kg induced a dose-related increase in respiratory tract fluid. In addition, oral domiodol (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the viscosity of sputum collected quantitatively from rabbits with subacute bronchitis induced by long-term exposure to SO2 gas; the percentage decrease in viscosity was statistically correlated with the content of dry matter, protein and polysaccharides in the sputum. Domiodol had a marked cilio-excitatory effect, but did not affect experimental asthma in guinea-pigs or the respiratory resistance of anesthetized dogs. Subacute toxicity of the substance was investigated in rats. In serum biochemistry tests mean triglycerides were reduced in both sexes at dose levels higher than 32 mg/kg. Changes of T3 levels and a slight increase in thyroid weight accompanied by minimal histological alterations were observed in rats given high doses of domiodol. The majority of the changes observed were reversible after withdrawal of domiodol. PMID- 6685510 TI - Comparison of the metabolism of oltipraz in the mouse, rat and monkey and in man. Distribution of the metabolites in each species. AB - 4-Methyl-5-(2-pyrazinyl)-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (35 972 R.P., oltipraz) and its metabolites were extracted from human urine and from mouse, rat and monkey urine using Amberlite XAD4 resin. The metabolites were identified by GLC, TLC and HPLC and isolated by preparative TLC or HPLC. The structures of 11 compounds were determined by spectroscopic examination (MS, IR, NMR). Six of the principal metabolites isolated in sufficient quantity from human urine were administered to the mouse, confirming the metabolic pathways of oltipraz. PMID- 6685511 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of 14C-isosorbide dinitrate after administration in various sustained-release formulations]. AB - To study the influence of various in vitro release rates and of coadministration with food on bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN; isoket retard 40) and its mononitrate metabolites from sustained-release formulations the pharmacokinetics of two experimental batches of tablets with different release rates containing 40 mg 14C-ISDN each were studied in six human volunteers. One of the formulations was not only administered after fasting but aslo with a standard meal. In all cases approx. 80% of the administered radioactivity were recovered in the urine and 5% in the faeces during 3 days demonstrating extensive absorption. Any influence of release rates or food on absorption rates could not be detected. When administered after fasting either formulation was bioequivalent. Coadministration of a meal enhanced ISDN plasma levels in some subjects although no statistically significant difference in extent of bioavailability was observed. Availability of the mononitrates was unaffected by food. PMID- 6685512 TI - Efficacy of isosorbide dinitrate tape on exercise tolerance of patients with angina pectoris. AB - Evaluation was made on the efficacy of isosorbide dinitrate tape (ISDN tape, TY 0081, Frandol Tape), a preparation newly developed in Japan, regarding the relationship between the exercise tolerance in patients with stable effort angina pectoris and plasma concentrations of ISDN. Placebo(s) or one to three pieces of isosorbide dinitrate tape (10 cm x 10 cm in size, containing 40 mg/tape) were applied to the patients and ISDN plasma concentrations were measured every 6th(15:00) and 24th (9:00) h after each application (9:00). Treadmill tests were repeated for the measurement of exercise tolerance according to a prescribed protocol where the exercise endpoint was the occurrence of chest pain. Correlation was found between the number of ISDN tape applied and the plasma concentrations, as well as between the isosorbide dinitrate plasma concentration and treadmill exercise time in 7 cases out of 10. Exercise time was increased significantly by the application of one piece of ISDN tape or two to three pieces of the tape, compared to the control or placebo study, respectively. The duration of actions lasted more than 24 h. These results suggest the efficacy of ISDN tape on angina pectoris, especially in its durability of action which lasts over 24 h. PMID- 6685513 TI - Plasma levels of mepindolol in healthy volunteers after oral doses of mepindolol sulphate. AB - Three groups of healthy volunteers were given oral doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg, respectively, of the beta-receptor blocking drug mepindolol sulphate (Corindolan). Plasma levels of the active compound mepindolol were measured by means of a sensitive and specific HPLC method. Mepindolol was rapidly absorbed reaching maximum concentrations of 21 +/- 7 ng/ml (5 mg), 47 +/- 23 ng/ml (10 mg) and 54 +/- 29 ng/ml (20 mg) 1--3 h after administration. The AUC ratio of the three doses studied was 1 : 1.9 : 3.0 suggesting incomplete absorption in the 20 mg group. The biological half-life of the drug was calculated to be 3--4 h, independently of the dose administered. PMID- 6685514 TI - [Comparative test of the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of 2 oxazepam preparations using high-pressure liquid chromatography]. AB - The relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of two oxazepam preparations were evaluated in 12 normal volunteers by a newly developed HPLC method. After oral application of one tablet of the test (Noctazepam) and reference preparation, respectively, no statistically significant differences of the AUC, Cmax Tmax and t1/2 were found. As compared to the reference preparation the relative bioavailability of the test preparation as 110%; both preparations are therefore bioequivalent. PMID- 6685515 TI - [Difference between the effects of 2 galenically different oxazepam formulations on the EEG]. AB - A clinical-experimental investigation was carried out in 14 healthy male test subjects, according to a randomized double-blind cross-over design, in which the sedative and tranquillizing effects of two different oxazepam formulations were studied, with EEG examinations and psychometric tests. An adequate effect was observed with both formulations, with the same oxazepam dose. There were slight differences in the drug-EEG profiles, indicating a more rapid onset of action and a somewhat longer-lasting effect of oxazepam (Sigacalm) up to the 6th h after ingestion, in comparison with the standard form. Neither formulation leads to any psychometrically measurable loss of performance, but slight differences are observed in the increased performance induced by exercise: from the 2nd to the 6th h after ingestion it is slightly less with the trial preparation than with the standard form. Side effects were observed with neither formulation. The differences in the EEG quantification after administration o the two products are probably due to differences in the absorption and distribution of the two different galenical formulations. PMID- 6685516 TI - [Clinical comparative trial of piretanide and furosemide in patients with advanced renal insufficiency. Drug levels and diuretic potency of single oral doses]. AB - Piretanide is a new diuretic agent that is structurally related to bumetanide and furosemide. The effect of a single oral dose of piretanide 12 mg on the serum agent levels and diuretic activity was compared with that of Furosemide 80 mg p.o. in 12 patients with advanced renal insufficiency using a balanced randomized design. Piretanide was seen to have its most pronounced activity in the 1st h, while the effect of furosemide was more prolonged without abrupt peaks. There was a tendency of water conservation following the diuresis with piretanide, which produced a lesser response in volume and sodium excretion than furosemide when analysed as cumulative excretion at 24 h. The sodium-potassium ratio of the total urinary volume increased slightly by the same amount. Piretanide was approximately 5 times more potent on a weight basis than furosemide. Piretanide appeared to be effective in advanced renal insufficiency. Due to its rapid elimination effect piretanide as well as furosemide is also indicated for the treatment of renal edema in emergency situations. PMID- 6685517 TI - Suprofen kinetics in healthy male volunteers after intramuscular injection of increasing dosages. AB - Kinetics of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienyl-carbonyl)-phenylacetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) a non-narcotic antiphlogistic analgesic, were studied in two clinical experiments. In a bioavailability study (study A) suprofen, given as intramuscular injection was absorbed more rapidly (mean peak plasma time 20.0 min) than from the capsule formulation (mean peak plasma time 57.5 min). With respect to the amount systemically absorbed, measured as area under the plasma concentration-time curve, both dosage forms were equivalent. Individual plasma concentration profiles (study B) were described by a 2-compartmental model with a mean first order absorption rate of 0.095 min-1, a rapid mean disposition rate alpha of 0.025 min-1 and an apparent terminal plasma elimination rate beta of 0.004 min-1. There was dose-independent kinetics and a linear correlation between peak plasma concentration versus dose and area under the curve (AUC) versus dose after intramuscular injection of suprofen up to 200 mg, leading to dose proportional bioavailability data. PMID- 6685518 TI - [Concentration of cefadroxil in kidney tissue and serum after oral administration in patients with normal and impaired renal function]. AB - In 17 patients (7 with normal renal function, 10 with impaired renal function) who underwent renal surgery, renal tissue samples and blood samples were taken 3 4 h following the administration of a single oral dose of 1000 mg cefadroxil. It was demonstrated that the concentrations in renal tissue were within the range from 14.2 to 115 micrograms/g tissue, while the serum levels varied from 11.6 to 63.3 micrograms/ml serum. A statistically significant correlation between serum levels and renal tissue levels can be demonstrated. The correlation of the distribution ratio: serum level/tissue level to serum creatinine level proved to be a linear regression, i.e. the distribution quotient decreased if the serum creatinine level increased. This means that the renal tissue level of cefadroxil in comparison to serum level will be lower in patients with renal impairment. However, even with much impaired renal function the renal tissue level exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for the most relevant pathogens. PMID- 6685519 TI - [Development of gas-driven pump intended for implantation for long-term administration of drugs]. AB - A prototype is presented of a new, implantable therapeutic system for parenteral long-term administration of drugs. It consists of a casing with two chambers separated by a membrane. One of the chambers contains the dissolved substance and includes an interchangeable device to expel the substance. This chamber can be refilled transcutaneously through an opening which is then reclosed. The other chamber contains an isobarically expandable propulsive substance which exerts pressure upon the membrane to cause the solution to be expelled. The liberation time depends upon the particular expelling device used and the viscosity of the medicinal solution. The pharmaceutical and technological aspects of the applicability of this prototype in vitro are examined and discussed. PMID- 6685520 TI - Effects of gender and social behavior on the development of coronary artery atherosclerosis in cynomolgus macaques. AB - This experiment involved examination of the effects of gender and social status ('competitive dominance') on the coronary artery atherosclerosis of cynomolgus monkeys. Thirty-two adult Macaca fascicularis (16 males, 16 females) were fed a diet containing a moderate amount of cholesterol (0.56 mg/cal) for 16 months. The monkeys were housed in groups of 4 animals of the same sex, and all groups were stable in composition for the entire experiment. After 1 year a'competitive dominance' score was determined for each monkey, based on feeding order in 9 trials involving a preferred food as incentive. At necropsy the coronary arteries were pressure perfused; 5 sections each were then taken from the left anterior descending, left circumflex and right coronary arteries. For each animal, the mean percent lumen stenosis calculated from theses 15 sections was used as the index of extent of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Males had significantly more extensive coronary artery atherosclerosis than did females. Further, among both males and females, submissive animals (low in competitiveness) had more extensive coronary artery stenosis than did their dominant (highly competitive) counterparts. A similar pattern was observed in the thoracic and abdominal portions of the aorta with respect to competitiveness, but not gender. In the iliac artery, females had less atherosclerosis than males but there was no competitiveness effect. The gender and social status effects on atherosclerosis were each statistically independent of variability in clinical-pathological measures (serum lipid concentrations and heart weight). The results indicated that: (a) gender and psychosocial stress independently affect the development of coronary artery atherosclerosis; (b) the mechanisms mediating these effects remain unknown; and (c) the cynomolgus macaque is a good model for the study of such phenomena. PMID- 6685521 TI - Plasma lipids in twins. Environmental and genetic influences. AB - A study on 205 pairs of male and females twins, aged from 18 to 34 years. showed significant heritabilities for total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol and for triglycerides. Significant effects of shared environment were also found for total and HDL cholesterol, possibly to a greater extent in women than in men. Triglycerides showed greater variance in men but a model specifying different sized environmental and genetic parameters in the two sexes gave a good fit and indicated that the factors influencing plasma triglycerides are the same in men and women although the effects they produce are scaled differently. PMID- 6685522 TI - Clinical applications of preferential looking measures of visual acuity. AB - We have undertaken 3 lines of research aimed at the eventual transformation of the laboratory-based preferential looking (PL) acuity-testing procedures into clinically-useful techniques. (1) The first line of research involves studies of the parameters of PL testing, and the establishing of norms for various groups. The results show that acuity development is closely tied to gestational age, that infants' acuity is reduced at low luminances but does not vary significantly at levels above 1 log cd/m2, and that monocular acuity is poorer than previously published binocular acuity norms. (2) The second line involves the development of a shortened procedure (the 'diagnostic grating' procedure) that maximizes the certainty of gaining the most critical information from an infant in a short time. In this procedure, the infant is tested with a low spatial frequency grating to screen for blindness or total lack of visual response, and another grating of a spatial frequency that is diagnostic of normal acuity for children of the patient's age. Based on the results with these two gratings and the time available, the child is then tested with other gratings to refine the acuity estimate. (3) The third line of research involves using the procedure, in a laboratory setting, with individual infants and children at risk for visual acuity deficits. Longitudinal case histories of patients with strabismus, ptosis, and suspected blindness are presented. PMID- 6685523 TI - Neonatal motor cortex lesions in the rat: absence of sparing of motor behaviors and impaired spatial learning concurrent with abnormal cerebral morphogenesis. AB - Rats with removal of the motor cortex in adulthood were compared behaviorally and neuroanatomically with rats with similar removals at 4 days of age. The results suggest that neonatal ablation of the motor cortex of rats is more debilitating behaviorally than similar injury in adulthood and produces abnormal morphogenesis of the posterior neocortex. Neonatal lesions of the motor cortex produced more chronic abnormalities in movements of the distal effectors that accompany adult lesions (tongue, snout, and digit use) and, in addition, produced abnormalities in limb placement on a narrow beam and a significant impairment in spatial learning, neither of which is associated with adult lesions. When the brains of neonatally operated rats were compared with those of control rats or rats operated on in adulthood, there were striking differences. Although the area of cavity appeared smaller in the neonatal operates, their brains weighed less, the neocortex was thinner, and the cross-sectional area of the remaining cortex was reduced, when compared with those of the adult-operated group. It is suggested that studies of the acquisition of various neuropsychological learning tasks may have greatly overestimated the degree of sparing following anterior neocortical lesions in rats. PMID- 6685524 TI - Anticipatory hyperexcitability and tolerance to the narcotizing effect of morphine in the rat. AB - The role of Pavlovian conditioning in tolerance to the narcotizing effect of a high dose of morphine in the rat was examined. Initially, two groups received nine injections of morphine (40 mg/kg), and two groups received nine injections of saline. One group administered each substance was injected in one of two distinctive environments: the animal colony or a distinctive room. Subsequently, rats in all groups received five morphine injections in the distinctive room. Analyses of videotape records of postinjection behavior indicated that rats tested in the presence of the usual predrug cues were more tolerant to the narcotizing effect of morphine than rats tested with cues different from those previously associated with morphine. In addition, rats tested with the usual predrug cues exhibited more anticipatory "hyperexcitable" behavior than rats tested in the absence of the usual predrug cues. These results provide further evidence that compensatory pharmacological conditional responses partially mediate tolerance, and they suggest that these drug-anticipatory responses contribute to so-called "withdrawal symptoms." PMID- 6685526 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome: amino acid pattern. AB - A study of the serum amino acid concentrations in 6 children with the fetal alcohol syndrome revealed significant changes in their pattern, i.e. a decrease in hydroxyproline and proline (indicating disorders in skeletal development) and an increase especially in the alanine, leucine, isoleucine and tyrosine levels (indicating probably a damage to CNS development). PMID- 6685525 TI - Rat brain sites responsive to etorphine: analgesia and catatonia. AB - One hundred forty-two rats given intracerebral microinjections of 1 microgram of etorphine hydrochloride were observed for subsequent analgesia (flinch-jump technique) and catatonia (bar test). Neuroanatomical specificity of effect was demonstrated to the extent that behavioral effects did not result from injections into areas of low opiate receptor binding affinity, such as medial cerebral cortex and hippocampus, nor were positive results obtained from injections into fiber bundles, such as the corpus callosum and internal capsule. Positive results were obtained in a large number of areas, ranging from brain stem to telencephalon. Injections eliciting analgesia without catatonia were limited in number (9 animals) and were widely scattered throughout neuroanatomical loci. Microinjection more frequently elicited catatonia only (29 animals), and site of injection was limited to posterior cerebral cortex, posterior amygdala, dorsal reticular formation, and cerebral aqueduct. Dual behavioral effects were elicited in 28 of the animals and occurred most frequently upon injection into the periaqueductal gray, inferior colliculus, and cerebral aqueduct. (Injection into cerebral aqueduct produced 50% catatonia only and 50% dual effects). The study suggests that opiate-elicited analgesia and catatonia may be neuroanatomically distinct phenomena. PMID- 6685527 TI - Use of alcohol, tobacco and coffee, and risk of pancreatic cancer. AB - Associations between pancreatic cancer and use of alcohol, tobacco and coffee were examined in a Norwegian prospective study of 16,713 individuals in which 63 cases occurred. The associations were assessed using techniques for stratified logistic regression. Of the potential risk factors considered, use of alcohol showed the strongest positive association, with an estimated relative risk of 5.4 for those with a frequent use as compared with non-drinkers (P less than 0.001). A clear positive association was also obtained with chewing of tobacco or use of snuff. For cigarette smoking a somewhat weaker association was observed. No association could be established for pipe smoking or coffee drinking. In general, more clear-cut results were found when analysis was restricted to histologically verified cases. PMID- 6685528 TI - Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy associated with familial thrombocytopathy. AB - Two families with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy were studied in which platelet aggregation defects were found in all the affected members. The major defect observed was absent platelet aggregation with arachidonic acid. In addition platelet aggregation with collagen and adrenaline was reduced in one severely affected member. The implication of the platelet aggregation defect in the pathogenesis of this retinal vascular disorder is discussed. PMID- 6685529 TI - Coat's disease: clinical, angiographic, histopathological findings and clinical management. AB - Twenty-four consecutive patients with Coats's disease are reported. In 9 cases the blind eye was enucleated because of total exudative detachment of the retina or because of untreatable secondary glaucoma. No treatment had been given. Fifteen patients between 22 months and 52 years of age were managed by argon laser or xenon photocoagulation and/or cryocoagulation. The number of treatment sessions varied from 1 to 9 per patient and totalled 49 sessions. Fluorescein angiography was performed in all cases. In most eyes the arterial system seemed to be more damaged than the venous side. Many arterioles ended in macroaneurysm like dilatations surrounded by avascular areas or complete vascular closure in more advanced cases. In 11 out of 14 eyes the vision improved after treatment or remained unchanged. The follow-up varied from 1 to 8 years. Persistent and aggressive long-term treatment of Coats's disease is recommended because the prognosis without treatment is poor. PMID- 6685530 TI - Role of magnesium binding to myosin in controlling the state of cross-bridges in skeletal rabbit muscle. AB - The effect of Mg2+ on the disposition of myosin cross-bridges was studied on myofibrils and synthetic myosin and rod filaments by employing chymotryptic digestion and chemical cross-linking methods. In the presence of low Mg2+ concentrations (0.1 mM), the proteolytic susceptibility at the heavy meromyosin/light meromyosin (HMM/LMM) junction in these three systems sharply increases over the pH range from 7.0 to 8.2. Such a change has been previously associated with the release of myosin cross-bridges from the filament surface [Ueno, H., & Harrington, W.F. (1981) J. Mol. Biol. 149, 619-640]. Millimolar concentrations of Mg2+ block or reverse this charge-dependent transition. Rod filaments show the same behavior as myosin filaments, indicating that the low affinity binding sites for Mg2+ are located on the rod portion of myosin. The interpretation of these results in terms of Mg2+-mediated binding of cross bridges to the filament backbone is supported by cross-linking experiments. The normalized rate of S-2 cross-linking in rod filaments at pH 8.0, kS-2/kLMM, increases upon addition of Mg2+ from 0.30 to 0.65 and approaches the cross linking rate measured at pH 7.0 (0.75), when the cross-bridges are close to the filament surface. In rod filaments prepared from oxidized rod particles, chymotryptic digestion proceeds both at the S-2/LMM junction and at a new cleavage site located in the N-terminal portion of the molecule. Kinetic analysis of digestion rates at these two sites reveals that binding of Mg2+ to oxidized myosin rods has a similar effect at both sites over the pH range from 7.0 to 8.0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685532 TI - [Effects of the isoenzymes of endoglucanase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum differing in their ability to be adsorbed on cellulose and on soluble, amorphous and crystalline substrates: a different role of adsorption efficiency]. AB - The mode of action of two purified endoglucanase (Mr 42 000) from Trichoderma longibrachiatum on soluble CM-cellulose as well as on amorphous and crystalline celluloses was studied. Both enzymes had the same Km values for CM cellulose (1.4 g/l), similar V values (51 and 47 mumole . min . mg of protein) and synthesized glucose and cellobiose from CM-cellulose in comparable amounts. However, the enzymes differed essentially in their ability to be adsorbed on soluble cellulose, i. e. their partition coefficients (cellulose surface/bulk solution) differed by one order of magnitude. When the enzyme concentrations on the cellulose surface were equal (in two independent experiments), the rate of degradation of amorphous (but not crystalline) cellulose was also almost identical. However, when crystalline cellulose was subjected to hydrolysis, the more tightly adsorbed enzyme revealed the initial solubilizing activity which was 20 times greater than that of the less tightly adsorbed enzyme (at the same endoglucanase activity on the surface). In the presence of high cellobiase concentrations sufficient to convert all intermediate cellobiose into glucose the effectively adsorbed endoglucanase was capable to convert at least 50% of crystalline cellulose to glucose. PMID- 6685531 TI - Isolation of the sodium-dependent d-glucose transport protein from brush-border membranes. AB - Rabbit kidney brush-border membrane vesicles were exposed to bacterial protease which cleaves off a large number of externally oriented proteins. Na+-dependent D glucose transport is left intact in the protease-treated vesicles. The protease treated membrane was solubilized with deoxycholate and the deoxycholate-extracted proteins were further resolved by passage through Con A-Sepharose columns. Sodium dependent D-glucose activity was found to reside in a fraction containing a single protein band of Mr approximately equal to 165 000 which is apparently a dimer of Mr approximately or equal to 85 000. When reconstituted and tested for transport, this protein showed Na+-dependent, stereo-specific and phlorizin inhibitable glucose transport. Transport activity is completely recovered and is 20-fold increased in specific activity. A similar isolate was obtained from rabbit small intestinal brush-border membranes and kidneys from several other species of animals. PMID- 6685533 TI - [The heparin--tissue plasminogen activator complex and some of its properties]. AB - The complex formation between heparin and tissue plasminogen activator from pig heart "in vitro" was studied. It was shown that in solution heparin and tissue plasminogen activator form a complex with a molar ratio of 1:1. Evidence for the complex formation can be obtained by a shift in the isoelectric point for the activator in the presence of heparin and from IR spectral data. The fibrinolytic and anticoagulating properties of the heparin-tissue plasminogen activator complex were studied. PMID- 6685534 TI - Methadone, monoamine oxidase, and depression: opioid distribution and acute effects on enzyme activity. AB - Narcotic withdrawal is often accompanied by an atypical depression with responds to resumption of narcotics. We hypothesized that methadone might exert its antidepressant effects through monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition. The current study examined 3H-methadone distribution in rat brain and effects on regional MAO activity with acute doses (2.5 mg/kg) which approximate those found during chronic methadone maintenance in man. Limbic areas (amygdala, basomedial hypothalamus, caudate-putamen, hippocampus, preoptic nucleus), as well as pituitary and liver were assayed for MAO activity and methadone concentration. MAO activities did not differ significantly in acute methadone or saline-treated cage-mates at 1 or 24 hr. The concentrations of methadone at 1 hr ranged between 17 and 223 ng/100 mg wet wt tissue in the preoptic nucleus and pituitary, respectively. No significant correlation was found between change in MAO activity (MAO methadone/MAO saline) and methadone concentration in any region at 1 or 24 hr. This study does not support the hypothesis that methadone acts as an antidepressant through MAO inhibition, at least not following acute administration of this exogenous opioid. PMID- 6685535 TI - gamma-Butyrolactone effects on behavior induced by dopamine agonists. AB - gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) potently inhibits stereotyped behavior induced by indirect (amphetamine and methylphenidate) and direct (apomorphine) dopamine agonists. Amphetamine induces a dose-response partial reversal of the GBL effect. The GABA antagonist, bicuculline, only partially reverses the GBL inhibition of apomorphine activity, indicating that GBL may be acting through mechanisms in addition to effects on GABA. PMID- 6685536 TI - Importance of retinal photoreceptors to the photoperiodic control of seasonal breeding in the ewe. AB - Two experiments were performed to determine whether the eyes are necessary for photoperiodic control of reproduction in ewes. In the first, intact and estradiol treated ovariectomized (OVX + E) ewes were housed in each of 2 photoperiod controlled rooms with a vasectomized ram and subjected to 90-day alternations between long and short days. Prior to blinding, long days initiated anestrus in intact ewes and a suppression of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in OVX + E ewes; short days caused onset of estrous cycles and an increase in LH levels in the intact and OVX + E ewes, respectively. After 1.5 years of such photoperiodic control, all ewes were blinded by bilateral orbital enucleation. Photoperiodic control was lost following blinding, but circannual alternations between cyclicity and anestrus or high and low LH levels, were maintained in most ewes for the remaining 2.5 years of the study. In one group of OVX + E ewes, serum LH levels remained synchronized to the 90-day shifts in photoperiod for about 1 year after blinding. Once the sighted ram was removed from the room, however, the 90 day rhythm in LH disappeared and a circannual pattern of LH became evident, suggesting that blind ewes may receive photoperiodic information from a sighted ram. This possibility was supported by the results of the second experiment in which 12 additional OVX + E ewes were blinded and exposed to 90 long days and 90 short days in the absence of a sighted ram. In these ewes, serum LH levels were not controlled by the changes in photoperiod. These results are consistent with the following conclusions: 1) the eyes are necessary for perception of photoperiod in the ewe and 2) ewes have an endogenous circannual rhythm of reproduction and/or they can be controlled by other environmental signals in the absence of photoperiodic input. Further, the results lead to the hypothesis that blind ewes can receive photoperiodic information indirectly from a sighted ram. PMID- 6685537 TI - Inhibition of ovarian aromatase by prolactin in vivo. AB - Ovarian aromatase activity was inhibited by prolactin treatment in both cycling rats and immature gonadotropin-primed animals. Cycling rats were injected s.c. with prolactin (4 mg/kg BW) beginning on diestrus 1. Aromatase activity in the largest follicles on diestrus 2 and on proestrus was reduced relative to controls. None of the prolactin-treated animals had ovulated when examined on the expected estrus morning. In other experiments, the immature pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG)-primed rat was used as a model for the cycling rat. Microsomal aromatase activity but not the activity of the C17-21 lyase was reduced in ovaries of animals injected with prolactin [6 IU (200 micrograms)/rat] 48 h after PMSG administration and sacrificed 4 h later. Furthermore, aromatase activity was significantly increased when endogenous prolactin was inhibited by bromocryptine (CB-154). The effect of LH treatment, on the other hand, was to increase both aromatase and lyase activities. However, prolactin pretreatment did not consistently prevent the LH-induced increase in aromatase activity. The results suggest that inhibition of ovulation by prolactin is mediated, at least in part, by direct inhibition of aromatase activity. PMID- 6685538 TI - Time course of the luteinizing hormone surge in cannulated rats: quantitative variance estimates within individual rats over successive cycles. AB - The present study was designed to compare quantitative variance estimates in the profile of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge within individual rats over successive proestrous (PE) days (WITHIN) with the variability between rats (BETWEEN). Sprague-Dawley female rats were implanted under ether anesthesia with indwelling intracardiac cannulas. On successive PE afternoons of normal 4-day cycles, hourly blood samples (0.25 ml) were collected via the cannula from 1400 2000 h for radioimmunoassay of plasma LH. Three characteristics which reflected the profile of the LH surge were examined: the time of onset of LH release, the time of peak LH release, and the magnitude of peak LH release. Twenty-one animals yielded LH surge data on a total of 42 PE days with a mean (+/- SD) time of onset = 1534 h +/- 66 min, time of peak = 1730 h +/- 75 min, and magnitude of peak = 1176 +/- 441 ng NIAMDD-Rat LH-RP-1/ml plasma. Variance estimates BETWEEN and WITHIN animals were determined by analysis of variance and the method of Vaughan and Corballis (1969) for calculating percent of total variance. Differences BETWEEN in time of onset of LH release approached significance (P = 0.05-0.10) and contributed 50.5% of the total variance compared to a negative value for differences WITHIN. Differences BETWEEN in time of peak LH release were significant (P less than 0.05) and contributed 51.5% of total variance compared to a negative value for differences WITHIN. In contrast, for the magnitude of peak LH release, neither differences BETWEEN nor WITHIN contributed substantially to total variance (both negative values), with the major contribution from the residual term.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685539 TI - Effects of forskolin on androgen production by mouse interstitial cells in vitro. Interactions with luteinizing hormone and isoproterenol. AB - Micromolar concentrations of the diterpene forskolin stimulated androgen production by collagenase-dispersed mouse testicular interstitial cells. With maximum stimulatory concentrations, forskolin and luteinizing hormone (LH) increased androgen production with similar time courses and to similar extents. The concentration of LH required for half-maximum stimulation (EC50) was reduced approximately 10-fold in the presence of forskolin whereas maximum androgen production was unaffected. Likewise, LH reduced the EC50 for forskolin approximately 5-fold. The observed synergism between LH and forskolin was most likely at the level of cAMP generation as forskolin did not alter the EC50 for dibutyryl cAMP activation of androgen production. When cells were allowed to attach to the wells of tissue culture plates for 3 h prior to stimulation, isoproterenol treatment induced a small increase in androgen production when, and only when, submaximum concentrations of forskolin were also present. The increase in androgen production attributable to isoproterenol was blocked by simultaneous exposure to the beta-antagonist propranolol. When cells were immediately (O h) exposed to forskolin and isoproterenol, no interaction was observed. These results demonstrate the ability of forskolin treatment to reveal the presence of "latent" beta-adrenergic receptors. They also indicate that isolated adult mouse Leydig cells may not contain such receptors. PMID- 6685540 TI - High-pressure effect on the equilibrium and kinetics of cyanide binding to chloroperoxidase. AB - The kinetics of cyanide binding to chloroperoxidase were studied using a high pressure stopped-flow technique at 25 degrees C and pH 4.7 in a pressure range from 1 to 1000 bar. The activation volume change for the association reaction is delta V not equal to + = -2.5 +/- 0.5 ml/mol. The total reaction volume change, determined from the pressure dependence of the equilibrium constant, is delta V degrees = -17.8 +/- 1.3 ml/mol. The effect of temperature was studied at 1 bar yielding delta H not equal to + = 29 +/- 1 kJ/mol, delta S not equal to + = -58 +/- 4 J/mol per K. Equilibrium studies give delta H degrees = -41 +/- 3 kJ/mol and delta S degrees = -59 +/- 10 J/mol per K. Possible contributions to the binding process are discussed: changes in spin state, bond formation and conformation changes in the protein. An activation volume analog of the Hammond postulate is considered. PMID- 6685541 TI - Peptide studies using a fast atom bombardment high field mass spectrometer and data system. 3--Negative ionization: mass calibration, data acquisition and structural characterization. AB - Under negative ionization conditions, nominal mass calibration of the fast bombardment high field mass spectrometer and data system was accomplished using cesium iodide/glycerol as a reference. Mass calibration at --8 kV accelerating potential extends from m/z 387 to m/z 2170 using xenon fast atoms. Negative xenon FAB mass spectra for human angiotensin I and human gastrin I complement their positive fast atom bombardment spectra. Negative xenon fast atom bombardment spectra of underivatized peptides exhibit molecular proton-abstracted ion envelopes and structurally significant fragment ions. Peptide mixture analysis under negative xenon fast atom bombardment reveals peptide molecular ion envelopes of higher relative intensities than under positive xenon fast atom bombardment. PMID- 6685542 TI - Preferential nucleolar localization of Cis-DDP in human fibroblasts. AB - The use of complex platinum salts (Cis-DDP) in antitumoral therapy is well known. However the mode of action of this salt remains unknown. The present study was performed with human transformed cells in culture (WI-98-VAD), grown in the presence of Cis-DDP. The intracellular localization of platinum was studied by associating the technique of microanalysis by electronic probe (analysis by wavelength dispersion: W. D. S.) and that of fine tissue sections at low temperature: ultracryotomy. The platinum was found to be concentrated mainly in the nucleolar region. PMID- 6685543 TI - [Diurnal variation in glucose tolerance in rats after experimental changes in glucocorticoid rhythm]. AB - Control rats manifested an unmarked circadian rhythm in blood sugar during evening hours. The morning-evening difference in blood sugar increased after adrenalectomy, disappeared after weekly substitution therapy with cortisol and was inverted after evening injections of cortisol to rats with intact adrenals. Evening injections of the hormone were also more efficacious from the standpoint of glucose tolerance modulation. PMID- 6685544 TI - [Analysis of acute and chronic effects of antidepressive agents in a learned helplessness model in mice]. AB - In experimental learned helplessness in mice determined by preliminary inavoidable aversive exposure, activity of tricyclic antidepressants (desipramine, chlorimipramine, amitryptyline), type A MAO inhibitors (pyrazidol), and atypical (zimelidine, trazodon, befuralin) antidepressants as well as that of potential antidepressants (LIS-30, DZK-153) were determined upon chronic administration. The tricyclic compounds, befuralin and DZK-153 removed learned helplessness only after 14 days of administration. The substances with a predominant serotoninomimetic action (zimelidin, trazodon in high doses, pyrazidol, LIS-30) showed high efficacy following 6 days of administration. Single administration of the substances under study did not make it possible to disclose their specific antidepressant activity. PMID- 6685545 TI - [Efficacy of lithium hydroxybutyrate in reserpine depression]. AB - Long-term administration of lithium hydroxybutyrate (10 mg/kg, for 7 days) prevents the depression of avoidance behavior in rats and EEG alterations in the cortex and subcortical structures of rabbit brain induced by a single injection of 0.125 mg/kg reserpine. PMID- 6685546 TI - [Limbico-reticular relations during formation of various motivation responses in rabbits subjected to ethanol administration]. AB - Chronic experiments on rabbits with electrodes implanted into different limbic midbrain structures were made to study the effects of a single intravenous injection of ethanol (0.5 g/kg) on the background EEG during formation of food motivation and avoidance behavior from the criterion of the power of the main EEG rhythms. Intravenous injection of ethanol resulted in an increase in the power of beta-, alpha- and theta-rhythms in the frontal cortex, and in that of alpha- and theta-rhythms in the occipital area of the neocortex. New patterns of the powers of the main EEG rhythms recorded in animals exposed to ethanol during electric stimulation of the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus, evoking food motivation and avoidance behavior, as well as during electrical stimulation of the dorsal hippocamp and mesencephalic reticular formation that correlate with changes in the functions of the study limbic-mesencephalic structures attest to profound ethanol-induced abnormalities of the central mechanisms of food motivation and avoidance behavior. PMID- 6685547 TI - [Inhibition of natural killer activity in emotional stress and elimination of this phenomenon by interferon inducer]. AB - The authors provide the data on the effect of emotional painful stress (EPS) of varying duration on the activity of natural killers (NK) of August rats' spleen 1 to 9 days after exposure to stress is discontinued. The activity of NK was tested against target cells K 562 labeled with 51Cr in a 14-hour test. The effect of stress was found to depend on the duration of the stressor reaction. 1 1/2- and 3 hour stress activated NK, while prolonged 6-hour stress suppressed the activity of natural killers within the first 2 days, followed by the recovery by day 7-9 of the activity of lymphocytes having natural cytotoxicity. Tiloron, a synthetic inducer of endogenous interferon, corrected the post-stressor depression of NK activity. PMID- 6685548 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of the sensitivity of proliferating epithelial cells of the tongue and esophagus to adrenaline]. AB - A study was made of the effect of a single injection of various doses of adrenaline on cell division in the epithelium of the tongue and esophagus. The hormone was injected 6 times a day. The animals were sacrificed after 40 and 60 min. A direct correlation between the adrenaline dose and its antimitotic action was revealed. The degree of a decrease in the mitotic index at varying times of the day correlated well with the initial level of the mitotic number in the epithelium. At the same time the number of adrenaline-sensitive cells changed throughout the day in a different proportion than mitotic rhythms, the fact suggesting the existence of the cell-population mechanisms by which mitotic rhythms are controlled. PMID- 6685549 TI - Lysosome injury by perfusion of the isolated rat liver with ethanol or a molasses distillate (cachaca). AB - An isolated rat liver perfusion model was used to study the effects of acute exposure of the organ to either ethanol or a molasses distillate (cachaca). When ethanol (72 mM) or a molasses distillate (68 mM ethanol) was added to the perfusion fluid, lysosomal injury was indicated by the increased release of tartrate-inhibited acid phosphatase activity at the end of a 3 h period of perfusion. Other cellular compartments were not significantly damaged in these acute experiments, as judged by the release of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. The behavior of both ethanol itself and the alcoholic beverage was similar as far as enzyme release is concerned but only the molasses distillate caused significant acidosis (a decrease in perfusate pH) at the end of a 3 h period of perfusion. These data may be of importance for a better understanding of the hepatic damage caused by alcohol abuse and useful for laboratory investigation of alcohol intoxication. PMID- 6685550 TI - Effects of housing conditions on three behavioral tests in rats. AB - Groups of rats housed since weaning under two different kinds of housing conditions (wire and wooden cages) were compared at adulthood in the open field test, the step-through passive avoidance test, and for aggressiveness induced by REM-sleep deprivation and apomorphine administration. In the open field test wire caged rats showed less rearing and grooming than wood-caged rats. This difference was accentuated by a single previous electrical shock (i.e., wire-caged rats exhibited less ambulation, rearing and grooming and more defecation than wood caged rats, after shock) and was not altered by prior habituation to handling. In the passive avoidance test there were no significant differences between wire- and wood-caged rats. Wire-caged rats were more aggressive than wood-caged rats after REM-sleep deprivation and the administration of apomorphine. These results show that the control of previous housing conditions is an important variable to be considered in behavioral studies. PMID- 6685551 TI - Sexual problems in obstetrics and gynaecology. PMID- 6685552 TI - Inflammatory actions of platelet activating factor (Pafacether) in guinea-pig skin. AB - Cutaneous responses to synthetic platelet activating factor (Paf-acether) have been studied in guinea-pigs by means of radioisotopic marker techniques. Intradermal injection of Paf-acether elicited increased plasma protein extravasation (IPPE) (0.2-200 pmol/site), platelet accumulation (PA) (20-200 pmol/site) and red blood cell accumulation (RBCA) (200 pmol/site), whereas lyso Paf (up to 2 nmol/site) was inactive in all these respects. Following intradermal injection, the IPPE responses to Paf-acether (2 and 20 pmol/site) were complete within 15 and 30 min respectively, although in response to 200 pmol/site, IPPE was detectable up to 1.5 h. The PA and RBCA responses to Paf-acether (200 pmol/site) were complete within 1 h. IPPE induced by Paf-acether (3 pmol/site) was potentiated by concomitant intradermal injection of a cutaneous vasodilator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 1 nmol/site) and inhibited by the beta-adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline (4.5 nmol/site) or the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine (6 nmol/site). Such observations are consistent with Paf-acether effecting increased vessel wall permeability. Intradermal injection of PGE1 (3 nmol/site) significantly reduced PA in response to Paf-acether (200 pmol/site), whilst significantly enhancing IPPE. This dissociation of increased vascular permeability from PA is consistent with Paf-acether eliciting IPPE via a platelet independent mechanism. These results indicate that a direct effect on vessel wall permeability contributes to the inflammatory response to Paf-acether in guinea pig skin. It is suggested that Paf-acether is a potential mediator of allergy and inflammation. PMID- 6685553 TI - Benign X-linked myopathy with acanthocytes (McLeod syndrome). Its relationship to X-linked muscular dystrophy. AB - Two healthy men with McLeod syndrome, a rare X-linked recessive phenotype characterized by acanthocytosis and weakened red blood cell antigenicity in the Kell blood group system, have been investigated. Both men showed raised blood creatine kinase levels, with myopathic EMG abnormalities. Biopsies of the quadriceps muscle showed the features of an active myopathy although there was no clinical evidence of muscular abnormality. The combination of the association of membrane abnormalities in red blood cells and a myopathy in both McLeod phenotype and Duchenne muscular dystrophy suggests that these syndromes may be due to related genetic abnormalities. The genetic locus for McLeod phenotype is situated near the end of the short arm of the X chromosome. The locus for Duchenne muscular dystrophy is unknown but it has been postulated that it is also situated on the short arm of the X chromosome at Xp 21. The occurrence of a subclinical X linked myopathy with acanthocytosis (McLeod phenotype) thus raises the possibility of a new approach to genetic investigations in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and in the related milder forms of this disease. PMID- 6685554 TI - Attenuation of pregnancy-induced analgesia by hypogastric neurectomy in rats. AB - This study confirms previous observations of an increase in pain threshold prepartum followed by a decrease postpartum. Moreover hypogastric nerve transection significantly attenuated the analgesia of pregnancy by a factor of 5 but did not abolish it. Thus, the hypogastric nerve plays a major, but not exclusive, role in the analgesia of pregnancy. PMID- 6685555 TI - Dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase in hypothalamus: influence of estrous cycle in female and castration in male rats. AB - The activity of dopamine- and norepinephrine-stimulated adenylate cyclase in hypothalamus and amygdala was studied during the estrous cycle of the female and following castration of the male rat. In the medial hypothalamus but not in the anterior hypothalamus or amygdala, stimulation of adenylate cyclase by dopamine was enhanced during proestrus and following castration. There were no changes in norepinephrine-stimulated adenylate cyclase in medial hypothalamus. Thus, an interaction may exist between gonadal hormones and dopamine receptors linked to adenylate cyclase in medial hypothalamus. The rapidity of the changes in receptor sensitivity suggests that this interaction plays an important role in physiological regulation. PMID- 6685556 TI - Anxiogenic action of a convulsant benzodiazepine: reversal by chlordiazepoxide. AB - Ro5-3663, a convulsant benzodiazepine and a ligand for CNS picrotoxin sites, but not for benzodiazepine sites, had a significant dose-related (2 and 4 mg/kg) anxiogenic action in the social interaction test of anxiety. This anxiogenic effect was reversed by chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg). PMID- 6685557 TI - [Quantification of lipids in the liver of newborn infants in the postnatal period]. PMID- 6685558 TI - Grandfather - granddaughter incest: a trigenerational view. AB - Grandfather-granddaughter incest accounts for about 10% of all reported cases of intrafamilial childhood sexual abuse. In a sample of 10 such cases, all referrals came from mothers of the child victims; six of these mothers had themselves been abused in childhood by the perpetrator. For eight of the 10 perpetrators, multiple child sexual victims were identified in a pattern that suggests facultative pedophilia. Only two of the 18 grandchildren sexually abused by the 10 grandfathers were asymptomatic at the time of report. Grandchild victims from chaotic families showed educational and behavioral symptoms; those from stable families exhibited fears and phobias. Eight of the 18 grandchildren were victimized by multiple perpetrators. The results cast doubt on the assumption that grandparent incest is a benign form of abuse and indicate that there is some justification for the fears expressed by adult incest victims about visitation between their children and the father-perpetrator. PMID- 6685559 TI - Vaginal inspection as it relates to child sexual abuse in girls under thirteen. AB - Inclusion of vaginal inspection in all physical examinations resulted in doubling identification of cases of child sexual abuse. Forty-five of 247 girls under 13 years of age were admitted because sexual abuse had been reported. Of the 202 girls not suspected, 45 additional cases of sexual abuse were discovered by suspicious findings on vaginal inspection. The horizontal diameter of the vaginal opening exceeding 4 mm correlated in three of four instances with a confirming history for past sexual abuse. It is recommended that physical examination of young girls routinely include inspection of the vaginal opening. Pediatric caregivers need to teach themselves the parameters of the normal to protect those children who are suffering sexual abuse in their environment. PMID- 6685561 TI - Confronting the incest secret long after the fact: a family study of multiple victimization with strategies for intervention. AB - All eleven adult females in one generation of an extended family had experienced childhood sexual abuse by either a father/uncle or an older cousin/brother. The sexual abuse had been a closely guarded secret of each victim for up to 20 years despite the fact that all of the women had close and frequent involvement in one another's lives. Protection of the young daughter of the cousin/brother provided the impetus for disclosure and a focal point of concern for the adult women whose sexual abuse had been initiated at approximately the same age as the girl. This family's case history is used as a vehicle to discuss intervention strategies for dealing with incest long after the fact with extended family networks. PMID- 6685560 TI - Mutual influence and interlocking professional-family process in the treatment of child sexual abuse and incest. AB - Three different types of professional intervention are described for families where father-daughter incest and stepfather-stepdaughter child sexual abuse have occurred. Their possible bearing on the development of the family process and the family network process is outlined. It will be demonstrated how the particular form of the professional intervention influences the relationship between family members and how, in turn, different family members attempt to channel professional intervention along lines they designate. The notion of an overall professional-family system, which describes the mutual influence and interlocking effects each sub-system has on the other, is proposed. The interlocking effects between the two sub-systems are demonstrated by means of a detailed clinical example. PMID- 6685562 TI - Long-term follow-up of an adolescent perpetrator of sexual abuse. PMID- 6685563 TI - School programs to prevent intrafamilial child sexual abuse. AB - The incidence of child sexual abuse would argue for the schools assuming a larger role in the development of preventive and educational programs. Because of the public school system's consistent and longitudinal contact with children and families it is perhaps the most promising institution for the delivery of preventive efforts. This article presents specific suggestions for school-based programs directed toward the prevention of intrafamilial child sexual abuse. Further, it is argued that for maximum effectiveness, the support of local parent teacher organizations be elicited; that educational programs be presented separately for parents and children; and that a variety of programs in concert with the developmental level of participants be presented on topics related to child sexual abuse. Topics regarded as important for prevention efforts are factual information on sexual abuse, appropriate and inappropriate touch, the respective role responsibilities and rights of parents and children, and a sex education approach that stresses the values of nonexploitation and discrimination in the choice of whether to engage in sexual behavior and the choice of partners. PMID- 6685564 TI - Effect of theophylline and heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli on transcellular and paracellular ion movement across isolated porcine colon. AB - The effect of theophylline and a heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (ST) on ion transport was examined using an in vitro, short-circuited preparation of the porcine colon. Theophylline abolished net Na absorption and elicited net Cl secretion, which quantitatively accounted for the increase in short-circuit current (Isc) observed. In contrast, a maximal dose of ST elicited an Isc response about one-half that of theophylline and only partially reduced the net absorption of Na and Cl. A significant residual ion flux, consistent with HCO3 secretion, was elicited by ST and was sustained after theophylline addition. Ion replacement experiments showed that the Isc and net ion transport response to ST was abolished when either Cl or HCO3 were removed from the bathing solutions. Voltage clamp experiments to evaluate the contribution of the paracellular and transcellular transepithelial pathways from serosa to mucosa showed that approximately one-half of the total serosa-to-mucosa flux (Jsm) of both Na and Cl was through the cells. Theophylline and ST both significantly reduced transcellular JNasm, but did not affect JClsm. Theophylline, but not ST, caused an increase in paracellular conductance of both ions. These results demonstrate significant differences in the effects of ST or theophylline on both transcellular and paracellular ion movement, and suggest that ST induces a Cl dependent HCO3 secretion which is unobserved under control or theophylline stimulated conditions. In addition, results are consistent with the operation of a neutral NaCl secretory process which is normally masked by the greater net rates of the neutral Na and Cl absorptive mechanisms. Thus, both ST and theophylline appear to reduce or abolished the neutral processes and convert the neutral secretory process into an electrogenic one. This latter effect could be explained simply by an increase in the anion conductance of the mucosal membranes. PMID- 6685565 TI - Inhibition of shivering during restraint hypothermia. AB - Restraint hypothermia has often been described, but its cause has never been clarified. We hypothesized that it might be due to a suppression of shivering thermogenesis. Thus, we restrained conscious rats in an ambient temperature of 2 degrees C while measuring rectal (Tre) and tail skin temperatures, metabolic rate (MR), and shivering activity. When rats were cold exposed but not restrained, Tre fell 1.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SE) during the 1st h. When these same rats were restrained, Tre fell at a rate of 6.5 +/- 0.2 degrees C/h. MR averaged 15.7 +/- 1.4 W/kg for the unrestrained rats, but it averaged only 9.0 +/- 1.1 W/kg for the restrained rats. The restrained rats showed no signs of shivering. The animals were then subjected to a restraint adaptation regimen and then reexposed to cold. Restraint now produced a fall in Tre of only 2.6 +/- 0.7 degrees C/h. The animals shivered and generated an MR of 15.8 +/- 0.9 W/kg. Naive rats became hypothermic because restraint suppressed shivering activity. However, adapted rats continued to shiver and remained normothermic. We suggest that a stressful or threatening situation, such as restraint for a naive rat, inhibits shivering and leads to hypothermia in a cold environment. This would not occur in adapted rats because restraint is no longer stressful. PMID- 6685566 TI - Effects of atrial natriuretic factor on renal handling of water and electrolytes in rats. AB - The intravenous injection of an extract of atrial myocardium into anesthetized rats during a hypotonic diuresis resulted in an increase in the renal excretion of water, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. There was an increase in urine concentration which was probably a result of the secretion of vasopressin since it did not occur in Brattleboro (di/di) rats. A transient increase in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow occurred during the first five minutes with a more sustained rise in filtration fraction. Injection of atrial extract also caused a partial inhibition of solute-free water formation in Brattleboro rats subjected to water diuresis and a partial inhibition of solute-free water reabsorption in rats subjected to maximal antidiuresis by infusing vasopressin. In neither case was the degree of inhibition as profound as that observed after injecting furosemide in a dose which caused a comparable natriuretic response. A large dose of furosemide blocked the natriuretic response to atrial extracts whereas, when a comparable level of sodium and water output was produced by massive infusions of saline, the natriuretic response to atrial extract was increased. It is suggested that atrial natriuretic factor might inhibit sodium transport in nephron segments beyond the medullary thick ascending limb. Furosemide might also act at the same tubular site or inhibit tubular secretion of the atrial natriuretic factor. PMID- 6685567 TI - Planned preoperative cisplatin and radiation therapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. AB - Cisplatin (DDP) is an active agent in the treatment of disseminated bladder cancer. In addition to its direct tumor cytotoxicity, recent animal and clinical data suggest synergism with radiation therapy (RT). Since improved survival with preoperative RT is largely restricted to bladder cancer patients in whom radiation-induced downstaging (P less than T) may be recognized, the authors administered DDP + RT preoperatively to patients with locally advanced (T3, T4) bladder tumors selected for cystectomy. The aim was to evaluate the feasibility of such a combination in relation to surgical and hematologic complications, the immediate effect on tumor downstaging, disease progression, and survival. Two thousand rad (400 rad X 5 days) was delivered to the whole pelvis, followed by cystectomy in 2 days. DDP (70 mg/m2) was given intravenously on day 2 of the RT. Twenty-four patients received preoperative DDP + RT and underwent attempted cystectomy; however, six patients were nonresectable owing to extensive pelvic disease, and an additional five patients had resectable pelvic lymph node metastases. Pelvic complications developed in 3 of 24 (12%) patients, but none required reoperation. No patient had a wound dehiscence. Transient myelosuppression was similar to that induced by 2000 rad preoperative RT alone. Tumor downstaging (P less than T) was seen in 9 of 24 (38%) patients, and in 5 (21%) patients, no tumor was found in the surgical specimen (P0). Distant metastases alone have been detected in 4 of 18 (22%) patients who had a cystectomy (all 4 had nodal metastases). Disease-free survival at a median follow up of 22 months (range, 12-34 months) is 60% (14/24) for all patients (89% for P less than T and 40% for P greater than or equal to T patients) and 78% (14/18) for the resected patients. Combined preoperative DDP + RT proved to be a safe and feasible regimen which resulted in a possibly greater recognition of radioresponsive bladder tumors, and after cystectomy, an encouraging early survival rate in patients with locally advanced disease. PMID- 6685568 TI - Intratumoral consumption of indium-111 labeled platelets in a patient with hemangiomatosis and intravascular coagulation (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome). AB - Previous studies regarding sites of platelet destruction in patients with the Kasabach-Merritt syndrome are conflicting. The authors recently studied an adult patient with multiple large hemangiomata, thrombocytopenia, and intravascular coagulation by external imaging following the injection of autologous Indium-111 labeled platelets. Sequential images showed prompt accumulation of platelet associated radioactivity in areas within the right hemithorax which corresponded to certain tumors noted on the chest roentgenogram. Despite the presence of multiple other lesions in bone and soft tissues, platelet radioactivity was otherwise normally confined to liver and spleen. Using data obtained from serial images, it was shown that radioactivity within the thoracic masses actually increased over time. These data indicate that platelet consumption occurred as an active process and that localization was not a result of tumor vascularity. It is concluded that platelets are locally consumed within certain hemangiomata. However, within the same individual, there may exist considerable heterogeneity among these tumors with respect to platelet-trapping ability. In similar patients with multiple tumors, indium-platelet scanning might be used to direct local therapy to particular lesions in an effort to correct the thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6685569 TI - Lack of dexamethasone effect on the antitumor activity of cisplatin. AB - High-dose glucocorticosteroids have proven to be effective antiemetic agents when used before and after cisplatin chemotherapy. To rule out a possible decrease in cisplatin antitumor activity by a direct effect of short-term glucocorticosteroid treatment, survival was studied in mice inoculated with P388 leukemia and then treated with cisplatin preceded by a single high dose (1.5 mg/kg) of dexamethasone (Dex). The median survival of animals treated with cisplatin-Dex was 19 days, and that of animals treated with cisplatin alone was 18 days. These survival durations were significantly longer (P less than 0.01) than the survival time of the controls (median, 12 days). A double-layer soft agar clonogenic assay was used to study the possible effect of Dex on cisplatin inhibition of tumor colony-forming units from two human tumor cell lines (HEC-1A, endometrial; and WiDr, colon). In this model, the addition of Dex to cisplatin showed no statistically significant effect. These data suggest that Dex has no inhibitory effect on the antitumor activity of cisplatin. PMID- 6685570 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid-platinum kinetics of cisplatin in man. PMID- 6685571 TI - [Computer tomographic findings in metastasizing choriocarcinoma]. AB - The angiographic picture of metastatic choriocarcinoma is well known since long, computertomographic findings, however, have not yet been described. The article gives a case-report and discusses the computertomographic picture of the disease. PMID- 6685572 TI - The cytoskeleton of microvilli of leech photoreceptors. A stable bundle of actin microfilaments. AB - The microvilli of leech photoreceptors have diameters in the range of 60-100 nm. Each contains a bundle of microfilaments extending into the photoreceptor soma as a rootlet (Walz 1979 b). Apparent thicknesses of individual filaments are estimated to be 4-5 nm, consonant with those of identified actin filaments in the basement membranes of blowflies (Blest and De Couet 1983). Frozen sections of leech photoreceptors labelled with antibodies against scallop actin exhibited strong binding to the rootlet region but not to the microvilli, which are destroyed by the severe saponin or acetone extraction needed to permeabilise the preparation. NBD-phallacidin binds strongly but non-specifically to the photoreceptors and does not allow positive identification of F-actin. The cytoskeletons of the microvilli and rootlets are adequately preserved by conventional routines of fixation, and similar results were obtained when retinae were pretreated with either 0.5 mM Ca2+, 10 mM EGTA, 2 mM Ep-475 (a specific inhibitor of thiol proteases) or 2 mM Ep-475 combined with 0.5 mM Ca2+. Unlike the axial cytoskeletons of arthropod photoreceptor microvilli, those of the leech are stable to cellular insult. PMID- 6685573 TI - The dependence of fluid secretion by mandibular salivary gland and pancreas on extracellular calcium. AB - Acetylcholine-stimulated fluid secretion from the perfused rabbit mandibular salivary gland was inhibited in a biphasic manner when extracellular calcium concentration was reduced in the range 5 X 10(-4) - 10(-5)M. An initial rapid inhibition was followed by partial recovery to a plateau, the level of which depended upon the calcium concentration. Since no recovery was observed during substitution of calcium by strontium, recovery may depend upon an increased membrane permeability to calcium. It is concluded that acetylcholine evokes fluid secretion in this gland by enhancing calcium entry from the extracellular space, an action which can be mimicked by the calcium ionophore A23187. Changes in the electrolyte composition of saliva during calcium-depletion were such as to suggest that ductal reabsorption of sodium and chloride, and secretion of potassium are inhibited as extracellular calcium concentration is reduced. Secretin-stimulated fluid secretion from the cat pancreas was unaffected when perfusate calcium concentration was reduced to 2.5 X 10(-6)M and carbachol stimulated amylase secretion was only slightly reduced. Since the latter is a calcium-dependent process, the source of calcium is presumably intracellular. In both glands, reducing calcium to 1 X 10(-6)M caused rapid and irreversible inhibition of fluid secretion. PMID- 6685574 TI - Diurnal changes and reproducibility of corrected sinus node recovery time. AB - Corrected sinus node recovery time (CSRT) has been found unreliable in identifying all cases of sick sinus syndrome. Since other factors than sinus node dysfunction might add to the pathologic significance of the CSRT, we assessed it in 15 patients (nine group I patients with "prolonged" CSRT max = 3,196 + 2,740 msec and six group II patients with "short" CSRT max = 367 + 79 msec) at 0800, 1100, 1400, 1700, 2000, and 2300 hours with atrial overdrive stimulation rates (AST) of 90, 110, 140, 170, and 200 bpm on three consecutive days using a loop mounted stable atrial electrode. Only with AST greater than or equal to 140 beats per minute (bpm) did all CSRTI values prove prolonged (greater than or equal to 560 msec). CSRTI values at corresponding time intervals were reproducible with AST greater than or equal to 140 bpm (day 1 vs 2 vs 3, P greater than .05), but not at AST 90 bpm and 110 bpm (P less than .05); CSRTII results, however, varied from day to day (less than .05) due to less scatter of single results. CSRTI results increased progressively with AST 90, 110, and 140 bpm from 301 + 256 msec by 60% for each pacing rate up to 785 + 848 msec. With AST greater than or equal to 140 bpm, the pattern of CSRT changes was inconsistent; this was also reflected by the distribution of the mean maxima of CSRTI: For 0800 hours at AST 140 bpm = 822 + 937 msec; for 1100 hours at AST 200 bpm = 824 + 1446 msec; for 1400 hours at AST 140 bpm = 780 + 814 msec; for 1700 hours at AST 170 bpm = 1,099 + 1,008 msec; for 2000 hours at AST 200 bpm = 1,156 + 1,280 msec; and for 2300 hours at AST 170 bpm = 1,021 + 1,102 msec. We conclude therefore that the optimal diagnostic yield for sick sinus syndrome testing is influenced by the time of the day and the AST used for CSRT testing. PMID- 6685575 TI - Effects of cytochalasin B on the cortex of the unfertilized sea urchin egg. AB - The peripheral cytoplasm of the unfertilized sea urchin egg contains approximately 18,000 cortical granules. These granules remain monolayered within the normal boundaries of the cortex when the egg is centrifuged at forces sufficient to stratify other intracellular inclusions. Exposure of unfertilized eggs to the microfilament disrupting agent, cytochalasin B (CB) causes the granules to rearrange into several layers and occasionally to undergo exocytosis or break down in situ. When these eggs are centrifuged, the cortical granules are dislodged from the cortex and migrate centrifugally among the densest intracellular components. In addition, cytoplasmic inclusions, which normally are excluded from the cortex, impinge directly upon the egg plasma membrane in CB treated, centrifuged eggs. These results are consistent with the existence of a microfilamentous network which confines the cortical granules within and excludes other intracellular inclusions from the cortex of the unfertilized egg. PMID- 6685576 TI - The toxic principles of Naematoloma fasciculare. PMID- 6685577 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of spin labelled cholesteryl ester in model membranes. AB - Carbon-13 NMR longitudinal relaxation times for unilamellar vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) in aqueous dispersion have been measured following the incorporation of spin labelled cholesteryl palmitate. The spin label induced relaxation rates, 1/T1,SL, for fatty acyl chain carbons show that the C5 segment of the cholesteryl ester acyl chain is located near the C1 and C2 segments of the phospholipid acyl chains. A greater spin label induced enhancement of relaxation rate was observed for the inner vesicle layer than for the outer, and is attributed to a higher ester incorporation and/or tighter lipid packing in the inner layer. PMID- 6685579 TI - In vitro interactions of TNO6 with human plasma. AB - The ability of TNO6 to react with human plasma was investigated by in vitro incubation of plasma or plasma fractions with injectable TNO6. HPLC, ultrafiltration and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry were used to separate the platinum-containing chemical species and to measure the platinum content. The initial concentration of TNO6 in plasma declines very rapidly. The kinetics of the loss of initial TNO6 is very different from that of cisplatin loss. Most of the TNO6 is bound more quickly to proteins, while a little is transformed to less reactive or nonreactive platinum species. The level of final nonreactive platinum species depends on the particular plasma concerned. In addition, the reactivity of TNO6 towards proteins is very sensitive to Cl- concentration. The usefulness of HPLC for the study of TNO6 kinetics is demonstrated. PMID- 6685578 TI - Renal failure and platinum pharmacokinetics in three patients treated with cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and whole-body hyperthermia. AB - Three patients with advanced refractory malignancies were treated with whole-body hyperthermia (WBH: 42-42.3 degrees C) for 2 h during which time they also received an infusion of 60 or 80 mg/m2 of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (DDP). Each patient developed an elevated serum creatinine (2.7-13.6 mg/dl), with maximum creatinine occurring between days 7 and 12 after treatment. WBH did not alter plasma or urinary pharmacokinetics of total or ultrafilterable platinum compared with pharmacokinetic data of the same or other patients given DDP euthermically. Although the mechanism of the renal damage is unclear, it appears that WBH can potentiate the nephrotoxic actions of DDP and that further study of this combination is not warranted. PMID- 6685580 TI - Combination chemotherapy including adriamycin for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. AB - Thirty-three patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract (23 bladder cases, 8 ureter cases, and 2 renal pelvis cases) were treated by three-drug combination chemotherapy using two protocols (protocol I: Adriamycin 50 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, and 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2, protocol II: Adriamycin 50 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, and cis-platinum 50 mg/m2). Protocol I induced responses in three of 19 patients (16%), (1 complete response, 2 partial responses), and protocol II (I complete response, 4 partial responses) in five of 14 patients (36%). The overall response rate was 24%. The duration of response was relatively short (median duration 5.1 months). The combination therapy was relatively well tolerated except in three patients, including two mortalities. In our study, three-drug combination chemotherapy with Adriamycin, especially that including cis-platinum, was effective against transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract, but the results were not completely satisfactory. PMID- 6685581 TI - Phase-II trials in patients with urothelial tract tumors. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. AB - Major progress has been made in the treatment of patients with advanced urothelial tract tumors, using a systematic phase II approach in selected patients. At this time, DDP and MTX, singly, seem to induce the largest number of responses, while VLB and ADM, singly, are good secondary agents. The combinations of DDP + ADM, and VLB + MTX appear to be somewhat more effective than the single drug components, and hopefully a four-drug combination may be even more effective. Since significant antitumor activity is achieved with the drugs now available, we plan to initiate a randomized phase-III study in patients with stage-D tumors after preoperative irradiation and radical cystectomy with lymph node dissection. The data at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center indicate a 70% death rate at 1 year, and 87% at 2 years, despite radiation therapy and cystectomy; for such cases, therefore, chemotherapy may be useful in prolonging survival. While new drugs still need to be defined, transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract must be considered a tumor responsive to chemotherapy; we may possibly be on the threshold of chemotherapeutically curative therapies. PMID- 6685582 TI - Effects of short-term administration of verapamil on left ventricular relaxation and filling dynamics measured by a combined hemodynamic-ultrasonic technique in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - The effects of short-term administration of verapamil on left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation and early and late diastolic filling dynamics were studied in 10 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by a combined hemodynamic ultrasonic technique. Left ventricular pressures (recorded with high-fidelity micromanometers) were determined simultaneously with M mode echocardiography. After 10 mg of verapamil was given intravenously (2 mg/min), left ventricular contractility and systolic pressure dropped significantly (p less than .05). Left ventricular dP/dt fell from 1947 +/- 544 to 1489 +/- 334 mm Hg/sec, maximal velocity of the contractile element at zero load fell from 50 +/- 17 to 42 +/- 15 1/sec, peak velocity contraction of the contractile element fell from 37 +/- 10 1/sec to 29 +/- 10 1/sec (p less than .05), and left ventricular systolic pressure fell from 149 +/- 30 to 127 +/- 22 mm Hg. Left ventricular negative dP/dt increased from 1770 +/- 479 to 1477 +/- 377 mm Hg/sec (p less than .05), and the time constant of isovolumetric pressure decay was prolonged from 48 +/- 9 to 64 +/- 15 msec (p less than .05). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure rose from 21 +/- 7 to 23 +/- 6 mm Hg (p less than .05). The time constant of isovolumetric pressure decay was calculated in three different ways, but none of these measurements was influenced by verapamil. Time of isovolumetric relaxation, duration of rapid ventricular filling, and peak rate of left ventricular lengthening were not significantly influenced by verapamil and remained highly abnormal. In contrast, peak rate of left ventricular posterior wall thinning declined further after verapamil from 2.9 +/- 1.2 to 2.4 +/- 1.4 1/sec (p less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685584 TI - Significance of hyperferritinuria. PMID- 6685583 TI - Predictive value of cord blood IgE levels in 'at-risk' newborn babies and influence of type of feeding. AB - Cord serum IgE levels were examined in 101 newborn infants of atopic parents, and reviewed at the ages of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 months, in order to determine any relation with signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, urticaria and food allergy. Cord blood IgE levels were 1.06 +/- 1.02 U/ml in the group of infants who developed atopic disease, and 0.34 +/- 0.79 U/ml in the group of infants who did not develop atopy (P less than 0.001). In the breast-fed group 37.5% of the infants with cord blood IgE more than 0.8 U/ml and 11.5% with IgE below 0.8 U/ml had atopic disease. In the soy fed group 33.3% of the infants with cord blood IgE more than 0.8 U/ml and 15.8% with cord blood IgE less than 0.8 U/ml developed atopy. Ninety percent of the cow's milk-fed infants with cord blood IgE above 0.8 U/ml and 16% with cord blood IgE below 0.8 U/ml showed atopy during the follow-up period. No correlation was found between the IgE levels in maternal and respective cord blood. PMID- 6685585 TI - Mixed connective tissue disease in identical twins. A sclerodermoid variant with concurrent psoriasis. PMID- 6685586 TI - Evaluation of acute right upper quadrant pain. PMID- 6685587 TI - Stress and high sodium effects on blood pressure and brain catecholamines in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The following experiments were designed to determine if territorial stress, dietary sodium (Na), or the combination of stress and Na effect the rate of development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR 4-18 wks) and if central catecholamines (C) were altered by these treatments. BP was significantly elevated from 2-8 weeks of stress treatment as compared to SHR controls. Norepinephrine (NE) levels in the nucleus tractus solitarius and amygdala (A), and dopamine (D) levels in the hippocampus and A showed significant elevations in the stressed group. High Na (3%) treatment combined with stress treatment produced an even further BP increase and elevated D levels in the amygdala, and elevated NE levels in the area postrema as compared to control SHR's. Selected brain C variables were able to correctly classify animals into high and low BP groups with 90-100% accuracy. Our data support the concept that there are important stress and Na effects upon brain neurochemistry which influence the development of hypertension in the SHR. PMID- 6685588 TI - [2 cases of Rathke's cleft cyst with amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome]. PMID- 6685589 TI - [Analysis of patients with amenorrhea and galactorrhea at a neurosurgical output patient clinic]. PMID- 6685591 TI - "Thrombotic micro-angiopathy". PMID- 6685590 TI - [Effects of prostaglandin El on severe diabetic neuropathy]. PMID- 6685592 TI - Correction of intraoperative diastolic myocardial dysfunction with nifedipine. AB - We report the case of a 62-year-old man with severe aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, who could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass after aortic valve replacement until buccal administration of the calcium blocking agent nifedipine led to achievement of adequate hemodynamics. These observations demonstrate the importance of diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and suggest an important peri- and intraoperative role for calcium-blocking agents in their management. Recent hemodynamic studies have shown the importance of diastolic myocardial dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and demonstrated that calcium-blocking agents may enhance myocardial performance by reducing this dysfunction (Goodwin, 1982; Lorell et al., 1980, 1982; Sanderson et al., 1977). Although this new class of drugs has been increasingly used as an adjunct to cardioplegia, there is little information thus far on their application as treatment of intraoperative diastolic abnormalities. We report the case of a 62-year-old man with severe aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, who could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass after aortic valve replacement until buccal administration of the calcium-blocking agent nifedipine led to an increase in cardiac output and blood pressure. PMID- 6685593 TI - Effect of the Mueller manoeuvre at different lung volumes on left ventricular performance in normal subjects. AB - The effect of reduced intrathoracic pressure at different lung volumes on cardiac function was assessed by echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular size in normal subjects who performed the Mueller manoeuvre at two preselected lung volumes. At functional residual capacity (FRC), both mean end-diastolic dimension and mean end-systolic dimension increased (5.1 +/- 0.4 to 5.4 +/- 0.5 cm; P less than 0.001 and 3.7 +/- 0.4 to 3.9 +/- 0.4 cm; P less than 0.025, respectively). At high lung volume (HLV), midway between FRC and total lung volume, mean end diastolic dimension increased from 5.1 +/- 0.5 to 5.3 +/- 0.5 cm (P less than 0.001), less than than the increase at FRC, and mean end-systolic dimension increased from 3.5 +/- 0.4 to 3.9 +/- 0.4 cm (P less than 0.001), similar to the increase at FRC. Thus, mean stroke dimension and shortening fraction were reduced at HLV (1.5 +/- 0.2 to 1.3 +/- 0.2 cm and 30 +/- 4 to 26 +/- 2% respectively, P less than 0.025). At FRC and HLV respectively, mean left ventricular transmural pressure increased from 111 to 129 Torr (P less than 0.001) and from 111 to 128 Torr (P less than 0.001) in response to the Mueller manoeuvre, although intraesophageal (intrathoracic) pressure was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) during the Mueller manoeuvre at HLV. These results show that lung volume affects the left ventricular response to the Mueller manoeuvre. Furthermore, the changes in left ventricular dimensions induced by the Mueller manoeuvre are determined by the level of reduced intrathoracic pressure, through differing effects on left ventricular afterload and filling. PMID- 6685595 TI - Measurement of water filtration in skeletal muscle in man by an osmotic transient method. AB - Water filtration in the human forearm was determined with a new method using a hyperoncotic transient of albumin solution infused into the brachial artery. Baseline dilution of labelled albumin in deep forearm vein plasma in excess of the contribution from arterial blood and from infusate was assumed to originate from extravascular water filtered into the blood by the transient. The filtration coefficient (Fc) was determined as the ratio between filtered water and increase in colloid osmotic pressure in the blood samples, and gives the filtrative water permeability in the exchange areas of the microcirculation. In 10 normal volunteers, Fc was 0.00082 ml (ml mmHg)-1 (SD=0.00007). Multiplication of Fc by plasma flow in the forearm gave a filtration capacity (Kf) of 0.0036 ml (100 ml tissue min mmHg)-1 (SD=0.00137). This filtration capacity (Kf) represents that of fast flowing regions in the forearm muscles, but it is of the same order of magnitude as the capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) determined plethysmographically for the entire forearm by the venous stasis technique. PMID- 6685594 TI - Plasma-to-ascitic fluid transport rate of albumin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Relation to intraperitoneal albumin. AB - Albumin-kinetics and haemodynamic studies were performed in 20 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in order to improve the knowledge on genesis and perpetuation of hepatic ascites, especially with respect to determinants of intraperitoneal protein. A positive relationship was found between the plasma-to peritoneal transport rate of albumin (index of 'lymph-imbalance') and the mass of intraperitoneal albumin (rlog = 0.82, P less than 0.001), indicating a significant role of 'lymph-imbalance' to sequestration of protein in the peritoneal cavity. Ascitic fluid albumin concentration was on the average 0.22 of that of plasma and directly correlated to the plasma concentration (rlin = 0.68, P less than 0.01). The hydrostatic pressure difference across the splanchnic microvasculature (assessed as wedged hepatic vein minus inferior vena caval pressure) was directly correlated to the effective (plasma minus ascitic fluid) oncotic pressure (rlin = 0.74, P less than 0.001) but significantly higher than that (P less than 0.005), indicating a 'non-equilibrium' in the splanchnic Starling forces. The results point to a multivariate genesis and perpetuation of cirrhotic ascites as laid down in the 'lymph-imbalance' theory of ascites formation, whereas a 'fluid equilibrium' theory seems to be too simple, especially with respect to explain protein sequestration in the peritoneal cavity. PMID- 6685596 TI - Vascular recruitment in forearm muscles during exercise. AB - Blood flow and filtration of water across the vascular bed in human forearm muscles were studied at rest and during graded exercise with a hand ergometer. Blood flow was measured by dye dilution and water filtration was determined after injection of hyperoncotic albumin solution (23%) in the brachial artery creating a tissue to blood ultrafiltration measureable as a dilution in the effluent blood. The filtration constants were expressed as a filtration coefficient Fc (ml water/ml plasma mmHg increase in oncotic pressure), and, multiplying by the plasma flow, as a filtration capacity Kf (ml water/100 ml tissue min mmHg increase in oncotic pressure). During the increase in plasma flow induced by exercise, Fc remained constant at about 0.0007, but Kf increased in parallel with the hyperaemia from 0.0031 to 0.038 when plasma flow increased from 4 to 48 ml (100 ml min)-1. The data suggest a more massive recruitment of exchange area during exercise (a factor 12) than suspected on the basis of ultrafiltration in animals made with the prolonged venous stasis technique (showing a factor 2-5). The estimated variability in exchange surface area indicates, that animal studies of muscle circulation, whether pertaining to capillary permeability or capillary filtration should gain by an independent estimate of the number of capillaries that are flowing during the particular experimental situation. PMID- 6685597 TI - Effect of cigarette smoking on reactive hyperaemia in the human finger. AB - The effect elicited by cigarette smoking on the reactive hyperaemia that develops following release of arterial occlusion in human skin was investigated, and compared to the corresponding effects elicited by oral administration of indomethacin (an inhibitor of the prostaglandin-forming enzyme cyclo-oxygenase) or nicotine, or by smoking of nicotine-free cigarettes. Finger blood flow was determined in human volunteers, using venous occlusion plethysmography, in the basal state and after 5 min of arterial occlusion. All subjects were studied before and after they had smoked two tobacco cigarettes, two herbal (nicotine free) cigarettes, or chewed a nicotine chewing gum. The determinations before and after tobacco smoking were repeated after administration of indomethacin. In separate series, the effects of smoking on heart rate and systemic blood pressure were recorded. The basal finger blood flow was significantly (P less than 0.05) diminished following cigarette smoking, by about 35%, and so was the reactive hyperaemia (P less than 0.05), by about 55%. The reactive hyperaemia after administration of indomethacin in combination with cigarette smoking did not differ from that obtained after cigarette smoking alone. The reactive hyperaemia was not affected by oral administration of nicotine, or by smoking of two herbal cigarettes. Cigarette smoking elicited increases in heart rate and systemic blood pressure that were of similar magnitude before and after indomethacin. From these data, we conclude that cigarette smoking elicits an inhibitory effect on the reactive hyperaemia in the human finger. This effect is probably not caused by nicotine, and seems to act via blockade of the vascular relaxation normally medicated by locally formed cyclo-oxygenase products. PMID- 6685599 TI - In vitro analysis of thermal transport in coronary sinus thermodilution catheters. AB - The continuous thermodilution technique for measuring blood flow in the range 50 300 ml/min was evaluated in vitro. Experiments indicated that thermotransport within the catheter from the indicator line to the mixing thermistor exists. The resulting error in calculated thermodilution flow will increase with increasing flow rate. A correction factor for thermal transport, Ft, obtained from a blood circulation model was incorporated in a modified formula for calculation of thermodilution flow. Flows derived with the standard Ganz formula were significantly lower than timed volumetric flows, whereas flows obtained with the modified formula agreed with volumetric flow. The coefficient of variation for four consecutive measurements was 3.4%. PMID- 6685598 TI - Human myocardial and skeletal muscle enzyme activities: creatine kinase and its isozyme MB as related to citrate synthase and muscle fibre types. AB - Activities of myocardial and skeletal muscle total creatine kinase (CK) and its isozyme MB were related to the oxidative capacity [measured as the citrate synthase (CS) activity] and to the contractile characteristics (estimated as the percentage of type I muscle fibres). Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained both from physically trained and untrained men and myocardial biopsies from patients subjected to open-heart surgery performed because of mitral or aortic valve disease. Enzyme activities were determined on freeze-dried muscle specimens. The CK-MB activity was about twice as high in trained skeletal muscle as in untrained ones reaching the myocardial level. The total CK activity was about three times higher in skeletal muscle than in myocardium; the myocardium, however, had CS activity 3-4 times larger than that of skeletal muscle. A close correlation was demonstrated between activities of CK-MB on one hand and CS (r = 0.76) or percentage type I fibres (r = 0.83) on the other hand suggesting a connection between CK-MB activity and the oxidative capacity of the cell. This was in contrast to total CK where different regressions were obtained when comparing the myocardium and the skeletal muscle of trained or untrained men. In conclusion, CK MB activity in trained skeletal muscle in athletes were similar to that in myocardium. CK-MB was related to the oxidative capacity and formation of cellular energy in skeletal and heart muscle. PMID- 6685601 TI - [Use of trace elements in therapy of secretory otitis media; preliminary results]. PMID- 6685600 TI - NADH and NADPH in human skeletal muscle at rest and during ischaemia. AB - A method for determining the content of NADH and NADPH in biopsy specimens from human skeletal muscle is described. It is based on the bioluminescent technique, utilizing oxidoreductases specific for NADH and NADPH, respectively. Muscle samples were taken from the lateral portion of the quadriceps muscle in the basal state and following local circulatory occlusion. In resting human skeletal muscle, the content of NADH was 91 +/- 6 mumol/kg dry muscle (mean +/- SE, n = 11) and the NAD/NADH ratio was 18.8 +/- 1.3. The content of NADPH determined in four subjects was 108 +/- 2 mumol/kg dry muscle. After 5 min of circulatory occlusion, NADH had risen about 100% and a further increase was found after 10 and 20 min, to a plateau about 150% above the basal value. The muscle content of NADPH also increased but to a minor extent (about 30% above the basal value). The changes in muscle lactate after 5 and 10 min occlusion were not uniform between subjects but an increase was obtained in all subjects after 20 min occlusion. No relation was found between the ratios pyruvate/lactate and NAD/NADH and the latter ratio was smaller than the estimated value, calculated from the LDH equilibrium in the cytoplasm. The results indicate that the major part of NADH in muscle tissue is confined to the mitochondrial compartment. It is concluded that measurement of NADH provides information primarily about the mitochondrial redox state rather than the cytosolic and that changes in NADH precede lactate formation and thus are a more sensitive index of tissue hypoxia than increases in lactate. PMID- 6685602 TI - Reduced plasminogen activator content of the endometrium in oral contraceptive users. AB - Human endometrium was found to contain two different plasminogen activators, urokinase and tissue activator. Urokinase was released in higher amounts from endometrial tissue explants obtained in the midcycle phase than from those obtained in the luteal phase. Plasminogen activator activity of the culture medium followed the same pattern. Treatment of postmenopausal patients with ethinylestradiol resulted in liberation of urokinase and tissue activator from endometrial explants in concentrations similar to those found in the normal midcycle phase. In contrast, treatment with oral contraceptives (OCs), containing ethinylestradiol and a progestagen, resulted in lowered release of both activators, even lower than was found during the normal luteal phase. Also the amounts of extractable urokinase from endometrial tissue samples were significantly lower in OC-users than in non-users. Estradiol seems to have a stimulatory effect on the release of plasminogen activators from the endometrium; whereas, gestagens depress the content and release of activators. The low content of plasminogen activators in the endometrium explains the reduced menstrual bleedings found in OC-users. PMID- 6685603 TI - Aspects on the anatomy of the female urethra with special relation to urinary continence. PMID- 6685604 TI - On the physiology of continence and pathophysiology of stress incontinence in the female. PMID- 6685605 TI - Surgical treatment of female urinary stress incontinence. PMID- 6685606 TI - Comparison of patterns of handedness between twins and singletons in Japan. AB - The handedness questionnaire of thirteen items which was identical to that employed in our previous study on singletons was administered to 62 monozygotic (MZ) and 48 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs in Japan. Information on forced conversion of hand usage in childhood was also obtained. Results indicated that the incidence of left-handedness was 3.6% and that of non-right-handedness (which includes mixed- and left-handedness) was 5.9%. There was no significant difference in the incidence of left-handedness or of non-right-handedness between MZ and DZ twin groups. The proportion of converted right-handedness in MZ twins was slightly higher than in DZ twins. MZ pairs were somewhat more concordant for handedness than DZ pairs. Item analysis indicated that the incidence of individuals who use the left hand for writing and eating was only 0.9% and 1.8%, respectively. A comparison of the results of the present survey on twins with those of our previous one on singletons revealed that the incidence of left handedness or non-right-handedness in twins is the same as that in singletons. Twins (especially MZ twins) have experienced a forced conversion to right-hand usage more frequently than singletons. PMID- 6685607 TI - On the irrelevance of child rearing practices for the formation of personality. An analysis of childhood, personality, and values in two African communities. AB - Using data gathered during nearly four years of field work among the Fulbe of Upper Volta and their ex-slaves the Riimaaybe, the author argues that the major differences between the dominant personality types of these two groups cannot be due to child rearing practices because those practices are identical. He then accounts for the differences by taking personality to the portrayal of one's sense of self and the latter to derive chiefly from perception of one's location in the social structure. The implications of this analysis are drawn upon to elucidate the reasons why it is so widely believed that parental practices are of crucial importance to character formation. PMID- 6685608 TI - The meiotic chromosomes of Cebus apella (Cebidae, Platyrrhini). AB - An analysis of the meiotic chromosomes of Cebus apella (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) has allowed for the visualization of constitutive heterochromatic regions throughout the meiotic cycle and has permitted the identification of four chromosomes in the first and the second divisions. In pachytene nuclei, and in pachytene spreads where synaptonemal complexes were visible, one heterochromatic region was frequently unpaired. No chiasmata were found in heterochromatic regions, and there was no evidence of chiasma terminalization. The role of heterochromatin in homologous pairing and its relationship to chiasma position and number in meiotic configurations were discussed. A comparison was made between bivalent 9 in C. apella and bivalent 21 in man, based on the interspecific homologies between these chromosomes. A similar comparison was made between the Algerian and Asian hedgehogs, where marked differences in the content of constitutive heterochromatin occur in two chromosome pairs. PMID- 6685609 TI - Rhythmic egg release by Heligmosomoides polygyrus (= Nematospiroides dubius), parasitic Trichostrongylida of the murine gut. AB - Heligmosomoides polygyrus is a strongyle parasite of the murine small intestine. The existence of a daily rhythm of parasite egg production was sought. Two series of measurements were analyzed, one lasting 3 days, the other 4. Variables measured were faecal weight emitted hourly and the density of parasite eggs/h/g faecal matter. Results show a very significant rhythm of egg production, with a 12 h period and variable amplitude. A peak of excretion was recorded between 0500 and 0600 and another between 1700 and 1800, followed by a greater peak corresponding to egg release between 0000 and 0100 or 1200 and 1300. There also exists a negative influence of the phenomenon on itself: a peak of production is followed by a highly reduced excretion 6-h later. The analysis of faecal production showed the existence of a 12-h cycle and of a 24-h cycle independent of the former. As in the case of egg production, the same negative influence of faecal production on itself was observed with a 6-h delay. The peaks of faecal matter and egg excretions do not coincide but there are certain similarities between the two phenomena. Crossed correlations between the faecal production and egg production series show instantaneous relations or those with a 4-5 or 6 h delay. This is consistent with an effect of faecal production, thus intestinal transit, on egg excretion, but this remains to be confirmed by subsequent work. PMID- 6685611 TI - [Effect of verapamil on left ventricular function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6685610 TI - Serotonin and norepinephrine uptake in discrete brain regions during the pregnant mare serum (PMS) induced estrous cycle in the rat. AB - The role of hypothalamic and limbic aminergic systems in neuroendocrine control in the rat has been investigated by measuring the temporal changes in serotonergic and noradrenergic neuronal uptake in a model of the estrous cycle. Using the pregnant mare serum (PMS) model of induced ovulation and an in vitro uptake system, serotonergic activity reached peak values (p = 0.01) in the suprachiasmatic nuclear region (SNR) and median eminence (ME) (p = 0.007) during the critical period for luteinizing hormone release. 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions of the SNR or ME regions inhibited PMS induced ovulation suggesting that at least in these two areas a certain amplitude of 5-HT activity may be required at some time prior to the critical period for LH release. Serotonergic uptake during diestrus in the median eminence showed maximum values during the mid-light phase suggesting a role for this region in ovulation control mechanisms prior to the proestrous critical period. Significant changes (p = 0.001) in serotonergic uptake were found in mid to later light diestrus in the amygdala. This pattern was repeated during proestrus and estrus only in the amygdala suggesting a daily pattern of serotonergic uptake during the estrous cycle. Significant changes (p = 0.001) in noradrenergic uptake only occurred in the amygdala during proestrus. PMID- 6685612 TI - [Reconstruction of the urethra with a transposed pedicle skin-tube from the labium majus]. PMID- 6685613 TI - [Urethroplasty with a skin tube: report of 6 cases]. PMID- 6685614 TI - [Clinical and pathological analysis of filarial hydrocele]. PMID- 6685615 TI - Sexual dysfunction following operation for carcinoma of the rectum. AB - In a retrospective study, sexual and urologic dysfunction were evaluated after a personal interview with 110 patients operated upon for carcinoma of the rectum with a long observation period. Following abdominoperineal resection in 93 patients, sexual dysfunction was found in 32 per cent, and 18 per cent were totally impotent. In 17 patients who had low anterior resections, none became totally impotent, but six patients had reduced potency or no ejaculation. No relation was found between age, tumor classification, size and localization, or perineal wound infection and postoperative sexual dysfunction. Potency was usually regained within two years. One-third of the patients had experienced urologic symptoms following abdominoperineal resection. Sixteen per cent had minor symptoms at follow-up. Patients were not evaluated by cystometry. No correlation was found between postoperative sexual dysfunction and urologic problems. PMID- 6685616 TI - [Simultaneous cisplatin and radiotherapy of locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region. A clinical pilot study]. AB - Cisplatin (20 mg/m2 on five successive days, together with hydration and osmotic diuresis) was administered in two treatment cycles to 32 patients with locally advanced tumours (T2-4, N1-3, M0) of the head and neck region. Cisplatin-free interval was at least four weeks. At the same time there was radiotherapy with photons or electrons, daily fractions of 2 Gy four to five times weekly to a final volume dose of 60-70 Gy. Tumour resection was undertaken if there was no tumour involution of at least 50% after 40 Gy and one cisplatin cycle. Total remission rate (complete and partial) was 91%. Complete remission occurred in 22 patients (69%). Biopsies in 14 patients after 40 Gy and one cisplatin cycle indicated that in seven there was no histological evidence of tumour. There was no clinically serious rise in local toxicity. However, erythema and oedema in the radiation fields were more frequent and earlier than with radiotherapy alone. The results indicate that combined cisplatin administration and radiotherapy give the same or even better results than aggressive chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. PMID- 6685617 TI - Twins and their birth sizes in a Nigerian community. PMID- 6685618 TI - Vascular anomalies of the umbilical cord. II. Perinatal and pediatric implications. AB - Among 62 cases with single umbilical artery and 305 with velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord, we found a high incidence of congenital malformations in both groups, highest in the SUA-group. No organ system seemed to be more affected than the others. In both groups there was a high incidence of both intrauterine hypoxia and perinatal mortality among single live births without malformations. When following up these children we found several cases of congenital malformations or diseases not detected at birth, especially among children with a low birthweight. Although the mean birthweight for both groups was low, the children seemed to attain a normal length and weight quite rapidly. Children born with intrauterine growth retardation represented an exception in this respect as they seemed to remain small during childhood. PMID- 6685619 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E1 on vasoactive intestinal polypeptide release from the hypothalamus and on prolactin secretion from the pituitary in rats. AB - In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which prostaglandin (PG) affects PRL secretion, the effect of PGE1 on vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) release from the rat hypothalamus was examined by determining plasma VIP levels in rat hypophysial portal blood in vivo and VIP release from the perifused hypothalamus in vitro. Intraventricular injection of PGE1 (1 and 5 micrograms/rat) caused a 2- to 3-fold increase in the concentration of plasma VIP in hypophysial portal blood in anesthetized rats. The flow rate of portal blood was slightly increased after the injection of PGE1. VIP release from the perifused rat hypothalamus was stimulated by high potassium levels (56 mM). The infusion of PGE1 (10 microM) resulted in a significant increase in VIP release from the hypothalamus in vitro. Both these responses were calcium dependent. The intraventricular injection of PGE1 (1 and 5 micrograms/rat) resulted in a dose-related increase in peripheral plasma PRL levels in the rat. These findings suggest that PGE1 plays a stimulatory role in regulating VIP release from the hypothalamus into hypophysial portal blood and causes PRL secretion from the pituitary in rats. PMID- 6685620 TI - In situ photolinked nuclear progesterone receptors of human breast cancer cells: subunit molecular weights after transformation and translocation. AB - The subunit structure of mammalian cytoplasmic progesterone receptors (PR) has been difficult to study because these proteins are subject to in vitro proteolysis; the structure of nuclear PR is unknown. We have now developed an in situ photoaffinity labeling method for PR that permits study of their subunits with minimal in vitro incubations. The strategy is to use [3H]R5020, a synthetic photoactive progestin, and suitable incubation temperatures to place receptors into their precise intracellular sites in intact cells. The cells, still intact, are then irradiated with UV at 300 nm for 2 min. This irradiation efficiently (approximately 15%) yields covalently linked hormone-receptor complexes at any intracellular location. Cells are than rapidly ruptured, nuclei are separated, and receptors are extracted with salt and/or directly solubilized with detergents before the subunits are displayed on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. With this as well as with modified in vitro methods, we show here that untransformed human breast cancer PR have two dissimilar subunits (mol wt, 115,000 and 81,000) present in equimolar amounts. The same subunits, with apparently unmodified mass, can be demonstrated in nuclei after they have been translocated by progestin treatment. Therefore, PR transformation and acquisition of nuclear binding capacity does not require prior proteolytic processing of subunits or other major structural modifications that are detectable on single dimension gels. PMID- 6685621 TI - A vasopressin antagonist blocks the norepinephrine and epinephrine responses to hemorrhage in the fetus. AB - In 8 chronically cannulated fetal lambs between 119 and 127 days gestation the resting plasma norepinephrine concentration was 528 +/- 77 pg X ml-1 and the resting plasma epinephrine concentration 159 +/- 42 pg X ml-1. Hemorrhage of 20% of estimated blood volume at 2% per min produced a 2.1-fold increase in plasma norepinephrine levels and a 3.4-fold increase in plasma epinephrine levels when the animals were pretreated with an injection of saline (1 ml). Plasma catecholamine levels returned toward control values following return of the shed blood. In contrast, hemorrhage of these animals following pretreatment with an antagonist of the pressor effect of vasopressin did not cause an increase in fetal plasma catecholamine levels. Thus, vasopressin may mediate the sympathetic responses to volume depletion in the fetus. PMID- 6685623 TI - Cellular toxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures. II. A statistical appraisal of sensitivity with the rabbit alveolar macrophage, Syrian hamster embryo, BALB 3T3 mouse, and human neonatal fibroblast cell systems. AB - Chinese hamster ovary, rabbit alveolar macrophage, Syrian hamster embryo, BALB 3T3 mouse, and human neonatal fibroblast cells were employed in a statistical evaluation of the relative sensitivity of the cells to toxic substances. The cells were exposed to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 2,4-dimethylphenol, Aroclor 1248, cadmium chloride, lead sulfate, nickel nitrate, lead oxide-coated fly ash, and a fine particulate from coal combustion. A filter-disk technique was used to measure the inhibition of protein and DNA synthesis. A quantitative ranking of cell-system sensitivity was determined from comparisons of statistically significant differences (P less than or equal to 0.01) in protein and DNA synthesis expressed as a percentage of control. An overall ranking of sensitivity showed that rabbit alveolar macrophages, Syrian hamster embryo cells, and Chinese hamster ovary cells were more sensitive than another of the five cell systems in 75, 68, and 62% of the experiments, respectively. The corresponding values for BALB 3T3 mouse and human neonatal fibroblast cells were 38 and 28%, respectively, under our experimental conditions. Detailed data on the control cell cultures are also presented. PMID- 6685622 TI - Characterization of testosterone binding protein of rat liver cytosol. AB - Testosterone binding protein from rat liver cytosol, which had been incubated with [3H]testosterone followed by treatment with dextran-coated charcoal, was analyzed by DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose chromatography. On DEAE-cellulose chromatography, two distinct peaks of radioactivity were eluted at 0.07 M and 0.19 M KCl, both sedimented in 4 S regions. Phosphocellulose chromatography resulted in a broad peak at 0.08 M KCl, with a shoulder at 0.04 M KCl, both sedimented at 4 S. These findings indicated that testosterone binding protein consists of two types of components each with 4 S. PMID- 6685624 TI - Amino acid sequence data on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA); implications for the subdivision of intermediate filaments into epithelial and non-epithelial members. AB - Determination of 50% of the sequence of the astrocyte-specific intermediate filament (IF) protein documents the hypervariable regions as well as parts of the coiled-coil array of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA). The results show that the four non-epithelial IF proteins (myogenic desmin, mesenchymal vimentin, GFA and neurofilament 68 K protein) known to form homopolymers are much more closely related than the epithelial keratins, which seem to form heteropolymers only. Of the four non-epithelial proteins, desmin and vimentin are the most closely related, since GFA has a shorter non-alpha-helical array at the amino terminus. We discuss the possibility that the non-alpha-helical terminal arrays, because of their sequence and length variability, are responsible for differences of distinct IF with respect to physical-chemical properties such as the low ionic strength-induced depolymerization into protofilaments. PMID- 6685626 TI - Differential response of three types of actin filament bundles to depletion of cellular ATP levels. AB - The effect of low levels of ATP on actin filament bundles in PtK2 cells was investigated by using 2-deoxyglucose, together with either sodium cyanide, sodium azide, or 2,4-dinitrophenol. Three actin filament systems were examined: stress fibers, cleavage rings, and dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO)-induced actin bundles in the nucleus. Of the three, only stress fibers disassembled when the ATP production was inhibited. The disassembly progressed slowly with the cells losing all stress fibers after about 90 min, but remaining in flat interconnected sheets. Mitotic cells that had progressed as far as metaphase when inhibitors were added, assembled cleavage rings. The process of cytokinesis took place in these cells but at a rate 5 to 10 times slower than normal, and disassembly of the cleavage ring was inhibited after the completion of cytokinesis. DMSO-induced nuclear actin bundles did not disassemble in cells depleted of ATP even when DMSO was eliminated from the medium. The peripheral aggregates of contractile proteins present in these cells became redistributed, however, and the cells flattened in the low ATP environment when DMSO was removed. Nuclear actin bundles did not form in DMSO-treated cells if the ATP inhibitors were present for as little as 5 min prior to DMSO exposure. Thus, the three types of actin filament bundles are affected in different ways by low intracellular levels of ATP. Stress fibers are most sensitive and cleavage rings, the least. PMID- 6685627 TI - Clinical staging and therapeutic results in multiple myeloma. AB - The validity of the Durie and Salmon's clinical staging system for multiple myeloma has been tested in 81 consecutive patients studied at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan from January 1970 to June 1982. Median survival from diagnosis was 48 months for stage I, 41 months for stage II and 23 months for stage III (P = 0.02). Median survival of patients with normal renal function (A) was 35 months and of those with abnormal kidney function (B) 7 months. Almost all early deaths were observed in patients with stage III disease associated with renal failure. No statistically significant difference was found in the median survival in patients with kappa and those with lambda light chains. The analysis of survival according to the three main combinations of chemotherapy used in this study (melphalan-prednisone vs melphalan-procarbazine-prednisone vs adriamycin prednisone) could not disclose any significant difference. Prognosis was, however, closely related to the response to combination chemotherapy: median survival was 72 months in responders, 36 months in patients with improvement and 25 months in non-responders (P less than 0.01). A lower incidence of response was obtained in patients with stage III myeloma compared to patients with stage I-II. The myeloma staging system used in this study is simple to employ and allows identification of truly comparable patient groups in the evaluation of therapeutic results. Our therapeutic results confirm the effectiveness of melphalan plus prednisone and fail to demonstrate any advantage in the administration of adriamycin as first-line therapy. PMID- 6685625 TI - Rat prostatic steroid binding protein: DNA sequence and transcript maps of the two C3 genes. AB - In the rat there are two non-allelic genes C3(1) and C3(2) for the C3 polypeptide of prostatic steroid binding protein. We have cloned and sequenced both genes and show that only C3(1) is responsible for the production of authentic C3. Although there is a marked difference in their transcriptional activity, the two genes share extensive DNA sequence homology there being only one base difference from nucleotide - 235 to within the first intron. Transcript mapping has shown that there are two distinct C3 transcripts which share a unique 3' terminus but have 5' termini 38 bases apart each preceded by a 'TATA' box homology. Interestingly, an identical repetitive element is present just upstream of both genes. Both families of transcripts, which are produced in a ratio of 18:1, are coordinately regulated by testosterone. PMID- 6685628 TI - The distribution of [3H]-dibromodulcitol in the central nervous system of patients with brain tumour. AB - The uptake of [3H]-dibromodulcitol ( [3H]-DBD) into glioblastomas, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid was studied in 10 patients. Single-tissue samples were taken from different subjects at 4, 15 and 24 hr after [3H]-DBD administration. The level of 3H-compounds in the central nervous system was similar after a single (400 mg/m2), or 3 smaller daily oral doses of 150-180 mg/m2 of [3H]-DBD. The distribution of radioactivity was uniform in the tumour, white matter and muscle. Between 3 and 15 hr after administration of DBD the concentration of radioactivity did not change significantly and was between 5 and 13 micrograms of DBD/g tissue wet wt. At the same time the level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remained between 1 and 4 micrograms/ml. Meanwhile, the average concentration of radioactivity in the plasma fell from 11 to 3 micrograms/ml. The elimination half life of the labelled compounds from the tissues was about 1 day as judged from the limited number of non-serial data obtained 4 and 24 hr after the last dose of repeated drug administration. PMID- 6685629 TI - In vitro radiosensitivity of the spontaneous cytotoxicity of blood lymphocytes in patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease. AB - The in vitro X-ray sensitivity of the natural killer (NK) cell activity and interferon (IFN)-inducible NK activity of blood lymphocytes obtained from 12 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 12 healthy subjects was compared. It was observed that the NK activity against K562-cells decreased in a roughly linear fashion within the dose range of 4.0-16.0 Gy and there was no demonstrable difference between patients and controls. IFN treatment of the irradiated cells increased their NK activity to a higher relative extent than in unirradiated cells. On a relative basis, this increase became more pronounced as the X-ray dose was increased. The extent by which IFN could augment NK activity of lymphocytes, whether irradiated or not, did not differ between patients and controls. It is concluded that the radiosensitivity of NK activity and IFN inducible NK activity of blood lymphocytes in HD is similar to that of healthy individuals, which is in contrast to T-cells and T-cell responses in this disease. PMID- 6685630 TI - Human lymphocyte response to CEA: titration of different CEA samples and neutralization experiments with monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies. AB - By means of the macrophage electrophoretic mobility technique a striking digestive system cancer-associated human lymphocyte response to CEA has been found during a large-scale study including tests in 499 individuals. The question to be answered by this study was whether this response is really CEA-specific. Titration experiments with 3 different CEA preparations in lymphocytes from 5 colorectal cancer patients showed that the threshold dose of CEA necessary to induce lymphocyte responses amounts to 50-100 ng CEA per ml and 10(6) lymphocytes, regardless of the CEA origin and its state of purity. The CEA specificity of the responses was proved by neutralization experiments with 3 CEA specific monoclonal antibodies. When allowed to react with CEA before lymphocyte incubation, the MABs prevented CEA from inducing lymphocyte responses. Appropriate murine control myeloma protein did not influence these responses. The reactivity of these lymphocyte samples to a teratocarcinoma extract could not be prevented by treating this material with CEA-specific MABs before incubation. Preliminary attempts to enrich the lymphokine(s) released after CEA stimulation resulted in recovery of the activity within 2 arbitrarily cut Sephadex G-100 fractions comprising the mol. wt range of 3000-47,000. PMID- 6685631 TI - The relative resistance of non-cycling cells in 9L multicellular spheroids to spirohydantoin mustard. AB - Surviving fractions of 9L spheroid cells treated with 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 micrograms/ml of spirohydantoin mustard (SHM) decreased when assayed 6 hr after treatment but increased thereafter. Flow cytometric analysis showed that exponentially growing 9L monolayer cells treated with SHM accumulated at the G2/M border within 24 hr. Cells dissociated from spheroids treated with 3 and 6.0 micrograms/ml of SHM accumulated at the G2/M border during the first 24 hr after treatment and remained there for the next 12 hr. However, 50% of the cells remained at the 2C DNA peak. Spheroid cells with 2C DNA content 24 hr after treatment were assumed to be non-cycling cells at the time of treatment, and cells that accumulated at the G2/M peak appeared to be cycling cells at the time of treatment; approximately 50% of cells in untreated 9L spheroids are in the noncycling pool. G1 and/or early S phase 9L cells in exponential growth elutriated immediately after treatment with SHM had significantly lower (P greater than 0.001) plating efficiencies than 9L cells in S and G2/M phases. When spheroids were dissociated, elutriated and plated for colony-forming efficiency 24 hr after treatment with 3 micrograms/ml of SHM, fractions enriched in 2C DNA content had significantly higher (P greater than 0.001) plating efficiencies than elutriated cells enriched in 4C DNA. These results indicate that SHM is less effective against non-cycling 9L spheroid cells with 2C DNA content than against cycling 9L spheroids cells. PMID- 6685632 TI - A comparative study of electrophoretic mobilities of [3H]-estradiol and monohydroxytamoxifen binding components in the cytosols of human breast carcinomas and sera of healthy adult females. AB - Cytosols from human breast carcinomas rich in estrogen receptors (ER) were examined for the presence of [3H]-estradiol (E2) and [3H]-monohydroxytamoxifen (OH-TX) binding components. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to examine the comparative anodal mobilities of ER-[3H]-E2 and ER-[3H]-OH-TX complexes, and also to identify any cytosol or serum component that may exhibit preferential high affinity to OH-TX. We have demonstrated that [3H]-OH-TX binds ER with high affinity and the anodal mobility of ER-[3H]-OH-TX complexes is identical to that of ER-[3H]-E2 complexes. We were unable to identify an antiestrogen-specific component in ER-positive or ER-negative cytosols or in sera of healthy adult females. A serum component exhibiting a higher affinity to [3H] OH-TX and [3H]-DES than to [3H]-E2 has been identified in all the female sera examined, but this binding is of high capacity and is unsaturable by a 1000-fold molar excess of unlabeled E2 or antiestrogens. The electrophoretic mobility of this component is comparable to that of serum albumin. PMID- 6685633 TI - Standardization of steroid receptor assays in human breast cancer--II. Samples with low receptor content. AB - Four different lyophilized cytosols with low receptor content were assayed for estrogen and progesterone receptors by 13 laboratories in 7 countries. Each sample was analyzed on three different working days. Three laboratories reported unsatisfactory ER results, whereas the other 10 participants were in good agreement. Employing a cut-off limit of 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein, 95% agreement of ER-positivity was achieved for the two samples with the lowest receptor contents (18 and 21 fmol/mg cytosol protein). For estrogen receptor analyses the inter-laboratory coefficients of variation ranged between 15 and 18%. Both the intra- and inter-laboratory variations and the rate of concurrence on receptor status were less satisfactory for the progesterone than for the estrogen receptor analyses. The variation in protein results among the participating 13 laboratories is decreased to 10%. It is concluded that multi-center clinical trials based upon the estrogen receptor status assigned by individual laboratories are feasible. PMID- 6685635 TI - Thyroid hormone-inducible mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. PMID- 6685636 TI - Inhibition of experimental urinary bladder carcinogenesis by partial cystectomy. PMID- 6685637 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in two murine strains. PMID- 6685634 TI - Effects of progesterone administration on N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. AB - N-Nitrosomethylurea (NMU), 4 mg/100 g body wt, was given to female Sprague-Dawley rats by i.v. injection on 2 occasions, 4 weeks apart. One group of 20 animals also received 5 mg of progesterone s.c. on the morning before, of and after each NMU dose (acute progesterone treatment). A second group of 21 rats was given progesterone 2.5 mg twice a day throughout the experiment commencing 7 days before the first dose of NMU (chronic progesterone treatment). The third group of 20 animals comprised the NMU-exposed controls. The latent period for mammary tumor development was reduced and the number of tumors per rat was increased by the acute progesterone treatment. The final mammary tumor incidence for the chronic progesterone treatment group (62%) was lower than that of the controls (85%) and the acute progesterone-treated rats (80%), and tumor multiplicity was less. Estrogen receptor levels were significantly higher in tumors from the chronic progesterone group than in those from the acute progesterone-treated animals (P less than 0.01), and progesterone receptor levels were lower in comparison to either of the other 2 groups. Serum progesterone concentrations were subnormal in the NMU-exposed controls but the estrogens were unaffected. The acute progesterone-treated rats also had reduced serum progesterone levels when compared with normal animals, although they were significantly higher than those of the NMU-exposed controls (P less than 0.01). Extremely high serum progesterone levels in rats treated chronically with progesterone were accompanied by reduced estrogen concentrations. Serum prolactin levels were elevated in the NMU-exposed controls and chronic progesterone-treated groups compared with non-NMU-exposed normal rats, while growth hormone concentrations were reduced by progesterone administration. All 3 NMU-exposed groups had elevated serum TSH levels. PMID- 6685638 TI - Prognostic factors in plasma cell myeloma. PMID- 6685639 TI - The quantitation of sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of cancer patients at intervals after cytotoxic chemotherapy. AB - Venous blood was taken from patients with cancer, prior to and up to 42 days after the administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Lymphocytes were stimulated to divide in vitro, and examined for sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). Cyclophosphamide rapidly increased the frequency of SCE, which returned to approximately double the control value 24 hr after administration. The remaining SCEs disappeared more slowly. There was a positive correlation between the dose of drug and the frequency of SCE measured immediately and 4 hr, 20 hr and 21 days after treatment. As patients received successive courses of treatment the number of SCEs generally increased from about 0.14 to 0.25 per chromosome. After this, further chemotherapy was often less effective in inducing them. The presence of SCEs in peripheral blood lymphocytes may be a useful indicator for the occurrence and persistence of alkylating metabolites, residual damage in the DNA and individual responses of patients to a standard regimen. PMID- 6685640 TI - Increased production of mononuclear cell procoagulant activity in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Procoagulant activity of peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes was studied in 24 consecutive patients with Hodgkin's disease. Mononuclear cells, tested immediately after isolation, expressed very low activity which was, however, somewhat higher than that of cells from a matched control group (P = 0.063). Procoagulant activity generated by patients' mononuclear cells following stimulation with bacterial endotoxin was significantly higher than that produced by control cells (P less than 0.01). There was no apparent relation between procoagulant activity and pathological staging. The increased capacity of mononuclear phagocytes to produce procoagulant activity might help explain activation of blood coagulation and subsequent fibrin deposition in patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6685641 TI - Results of endocrine therapy do not predict response to chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. AB - One hundred and four patients with advanced breast cancer treated with adriamycin +/- vincristine had had prior endocrine therapy. Of 28 responders to prior endocrine therapy a response to subsequent chemotherapy occurred in 15 (54%); the response frequency in the 76 non-responders to endocrine therapy was 51% (39 patients). The median time to treatment failure was not significantly different between responders to prior endocrine treatment and non-responders (7 months vs 5 months; P = 0.136). Although the median survival from starting chemotherapy tended to be longer in the endocrine responders (18 months) than in the non responders (12 months), there was no significant difference between the two groups (chi = 2.749; P = 0.097). In a subgroup of 31 non-responders to endocrine therapy who had had stable disease (greater than or equal to 6 months) the median time to treatment failure was 6 months and median survival 13 months. This lack of differences existed for each subgroup of endocrine therapy. Response to prior endocrine treatment was not shown to be a determinant of response to subsequent chemotherapy. PMID- 6685642 TI - The effect of cigarette smoke on aryl-hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity of the human kidney. AB - AHH activity was measured in kidney cortex biopsies obtained during surgery from patients with hydronephrosis and from unaffected portions of kidneys with renal cell carcinomas. AHH activity was slightly, but not significantly, higher in the group of non-smoking cancer patients when compared to non-smoking hydronephrotic subjects. Smoking induced a significant increase of AHH activity in the hydronephrotic kidneys but not in cancer kidneys, probably due to the higher baseline values and scatter in the cancer group. Pooling cancer and non-cancer kidneys, smokers had a higher AHH activity than non-smokers, this increase being dose-related. PMID- 6685643 TI - Stage-related correlations between immunoglobulins and complement components in preoperative sera from patients with gastric carcinoma. AB - Immunoglobulins A, G and M and complement components C3, C4 and C1-INH were quantitated in sera taken preoperatively from 168 patients with gastric carcinoma. The values were grouped according to stages (pTNM). The concentrations of C4 and C1-INH increased with advancing stage of disease and were above normal mean values in all stages. The concentration of IgG was below the normal mean value among all the patients and with the lowest concentration in stage III. Concentrations of IgA and C3 were above normal means but without significant relation to stages. There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of IgG and C1-INH in sera from patients with stage IV carcinoma, while the same correlation was negative in stages I-III. Although the results varied among the patients within each stage, the profiles of immunoglobulin and complement concentrations are of value in the preoperative staging of the disease. PMID- 6685644 TI - Randomized trial of 3 different regimens of combination chemotherapy in patients receiving simultaneously a hormonal treatment for advanced breast cancer. AB - We report the results of a randomized trial carried out by the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) and in which 230 patients with advanced breast cancer receiving concurrently a hormonal treatment (oophorectomy for pre- and tamoxifen for postmenopausal women) were randomly allocated to three different regimens of combination chemotherapy. The therapeutic results registered with the two more intensive combinations (LMP/FVP and LMFP/ADM) were similar with regard to response rates, time to progression and survival. The patients receiving the low-dose chemotherapy lmfp showed a statistically significant lower response rate (32%, P less than 0.001) and a shorter survival (P = 0.03) than the results observed in patients treated with the two other regimens. This difference was particularly pronounced, at least regarding survival, in the following subgroups: postmenopausal women, patients with a poor performance status, dominant visceral lesions, two sites of disease and a disease-free interval longer than 12 months. Patients with bony metastases as dominant lesion fared similarly with all three regimens of chemotherapy. This latter subset of advanced breast cancer patients should probably be spared too intensive cytotoxic treatment. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of a randomized trial showing an evident correlation between response rate and survival in various subgroups of patients with advanced breast cancer treated with different chemotherapeutic regimens. PMID- 6685645 TI - Stromal damage as a complication in the interpretation of tumour growth delay. PMID- 6685646 TI - Interference from carotenoids in the fluorometric analysis of serum vitamin A in cancer studies. PMID- 6685647 TI - Cutaneous vasculitis associated with interferon. PMID- 6685648 TI - Cytological evaluation of the effectiveness of cytostatic therapy in leukemia. PMID- 6685650 TI - Catecholamine utilization in distinct mouse brain nuclei during acute morphine treatment, morphine tolerance and withdrawal syndrome. AB - The steady-state levels and utilization (alpha-MPT-induced disappearance) of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) were measured in distinct mouse brain nuclei after acute morphine challenge, in mice rendered tolerant to morphine, and during the naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal syndrome. Mouse brain nuclei containing mainly the cell body areas and some terminal projections of major NA- and DA-containing pathways were selected (nucleus tractus solitarii, locus coeruleus, substantia nigra, area tegmentalis ventralis and nucleus caudatus, nucleus accumbens, gyrus dentatus hippocampi, nucleus raphe dorsalis respectively). Acute morphine treatment reduced the utilization of NA in all brain nuclei but the substantia nigra. In morphine-tolerant mice, all changes characteristic for acute morphine treatment disappeared. Instead, an increased NA utilization was observed in the nucleus tractus solitarii and the area tegmentalis ventralis in the tolerant animals. During morphine withdrawal, an abrupt decrease was observed in the utilization of NA in the nucleus tractus solitarii, whereas the NA utilization in the gyrus dentatus abruptly increased, as compared to the tolerant state. Acute morphine challenge decreased the utilization of DA in the nucleus caudatus, locus coeruleus and nucleus raphe dorsalis. In the tolerant mouse, an increased utilization of DA was observed in the nucleus tractus solitarii. During morphine withdrawal, DA utilization was decreased in the substantia nigra and the area tegmentalis ventralis, while in the nucleus accumbens withdrawal resulted in an increase of DA utilization. The data suggest that acute effects of morphine as well as morphine tolerance/dependence are accompanied by, and likely to be associated with, distinct changes in the catecholamine metabolism of specific mouse brain nuclei. PMID- 6685649 TI - Hyperthermia and chemotherapy: when will they be used in the clinical treatment of cancer? PMID- 6685651 TI - The gene coding the human S11 surface antigens maps between the loci for HPRT and G6PD on the X-chromosome. AB - The human S11 surface antigens are expressed on fibroblasts and are coded by a gene on the X-chromosome. We have regionally mapped this gene by examining S11 expression on a panel of hybrid lines which had fragmented the X-chromosome either during chromosome-mediated gene transfer, or by interspecies translocation during hybrid cell expansion. using indirect immunofluorescence and the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), it was possible to isolate antigen positive and -negative hybrid subpopulations for subsequent genetic analysis. The gene coding S11 could be localized to Xq27-28, between the loci for HPRT and G6PD where genes for the S10 and S12 antigens have been previously mapped. This work demonstrates the value of cell surface antigens and the FACS in somatic cell genetic analysis, and provides evidence for regional clustering of surface antigen loci on the human X-chromosome. PMID- 6685652 TI - Microtubules and microfilaments in ageing hamster embryo fibroblasts in vitro. AB - Microtubules and microfilaments were investigated in hamster lung fibroblasts, during their in vitro life-span. These cells show a senescence process characterized by a drastic phenotypic change, resulting in two phenotypes: the type 1 cells, characteristic of young cultures and the type 2 cells appearing progressively with culture passages. Microtubules and microfilaments were observed at the TEM and also visualized by the unlabelled peroxidase-anti peroxidase method. Moreover, the susceptibility of microtubules to nocodazole was tested in type 1 and 2 cells. We could not provide evidence for a different susceptibility to the drug. However the depolymerization wave occurred centripetally in type 1 cells whilst centrifugally in type 2 cells. These observations are discussed in relationship with the early arrest of division growth of the type 2 differentiated cells. PMID- 6685653 TI - Increased cell number in the adult hamster retinal ganglion cell layer after early removal of one eye. AB - In hamster, following removal of one eye on the day of birth the amount of normally occurring degeneration in the retinal ganglion cell layer of the remaining eye is reduced, particularly in the temporal retina. To examine the changes in the number and distribution of cells indicated by the alterations in early cell degeneration, adult retinas from hamsters who had one eye removed at birth were compared to those of normal adults. Normal adult retinal ganglion cell layers were found to contain an average of 157,223 cells (a population which includes retinal ganglion cells, "displaced" amacrine cells, and glia). At adulthood, the remaining retinas of early enucleates had an average of 169,863 cells in the ganglion cell layer, an increase of 8%. If only cells having Nissl substance and a soma diameter in excess of 10 micron (a group likely to consist entirely of retinal ganglion cells) are considered, the increase observed was 19%. Cells having Nissl substance and soma diameters between 5 and 10 micron, a group which includes both retinal ganglion cells and displaced amacrines, show a 13% change. Cells less than 10 micron with no Nissl substance visible, which include displaced amacrines and glial cells showed no net change (75,883 versus 75,409). The increase in cell number was found across the entire retina, but was largest in the temporal retina. These results show that alteration in early neuronal survival is a component of early plastic changes in the central nervous system, and that early cell degeneration rates are good predictors of later cell number and distribution. PMID- 6685654 TI - Plexiform structures in malignant schwannomas after prenatal exposure to ethylnitrosourea. AB - 75 Schwann cell tumors were induced in the offspring of Wistar rats which had been treated intraperitoneally with 15 mg/kg b.w. ethylnitrosourea on the 15th day of pregnancy. Plexiform structures characterized by poorly-developed, distorted and bizarre bundles of nerves were seen in 2 of 33 benign tumors, and in 17 of 42 malignant schwannomas. Since when seen in man similar findings are distinctive of neurofibromatosis, it is suggested that this experiment may offer a model for studying non-inherited forms of neurofibromatosis and, more particularly, the malignant changes often associated with this disease. PMID- 6685655 TI - Nystatin- and amphotericin B-induced structural alterations of the erythrocyte membrane: importance of reduced ionic strength. AB - The effect of the polyene antibiotics nystatin and amphotericin B on the membrane structure of human erythrocytes has been investigated by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Nystatin induces the same particlefree elevations on the erythrocyte membrane as already observed after treatment with amphotericin B. This structural alteration appears only in presence of an isotonic medium with reduced ionic strength. The dependence on the ionic strength supports the interpretation of these structures to be lipid domains. PMID- 6685656 TI - Wound healing of spleen ruptures by ultrasonic welding in animal experiments. AB - Violent ruptures of the spleen caused by accidents are regarded as an indication for necessary splenectomy. Experiences of modern ultrasonic surgery, e.g. in ultrasonic welding of bone fractures prompted us to experimentally investigate ultrasonic welding of spleen ruptures in dogs. We immediately obtained a safe closing of the ruptures with a durable scar and thus the method may give an alternative to splenectomy with saving of the organ. PMID- 6685657 TI - Tissue damage in the rabbit oral mucosa by acute and chronic direct toxic action of different alcohol concentrations. AB - The direct effects of different alcohol concentrations (20%, 40%, 96%) upon the oral mucosa of rabbits were proved in short-term and long-term experiments. The direct toxic action of the alcohol in short-term experiments leads to a local damage of the mucous membrane which is proportional to the degree of alcohol concentration. The alcohol-toxic irritation in long-term studies produced in the course of 12 months a leukoplakia-like epithelial dysplasia (dyskeratosis, keratosis, increased density of the basal layer, slightly increased number of mitotic figures) but there was no loss of polarity of cells and the basement membrane was always intact. No animal developed a spontaneous tumour. The repeated local tissue damage by high local alcohol concentration is in connection with other etiologic factors (excessive tobacco usage) an important initiating factor of cancer of the mouth. PMID- 6685658 TI - Liver neoplasms after long-term steroid application in rats. AB - Long-term ingestion of 5 mg/kg body weight ethinylestradiol per esophageal tube induces preneoplasms in the liver of Albino-Wistar-rats. The hepatocellular proliferations could be observed after a test period of 19.5 to 24.5 months. There was no sex difference. PMID- 6685659 TI - N-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine, guanidine carbonate and guanidine nitrate- different action of single oral doses on cell proliferation in male rats. AB - MNNG is a strong topically acting carcinogen. Various single oral doses (150, 120, 60 mg/kg) were investigated regarding their effect on the mitotic activity of epithelial tissues in male Sprague-Dawley rats. MNNG inhibits cell proliferation in the forestomach, jejunum and esophagus. Necroses were observed in the forestomach and in the liver (150 mg/kg). Independent of any tissue lesions MNNG produces an elevated mitotic activity of the hepatocytes and in the adrenal cortex. These proliferative effects are not observed when the structurally related noncarcinogenic compounds guanidine carbonate (GC) and guanidine nitrate (GN) are used. PMID- 6685660 TI - Modification of fibroblastic glycosaminoglycan pattern by soluble factors obtained from sensitized lymphocytes. AB - Lymph node cells were obtained from BCG-sensitized guinea pigs and cultured without (C) and with (Ag) PPD challenge. The dialyzed lymphocyte (LC) supernatants were added to the medium of monolayer cultures of embryonic rat fibroblasts. They were assayed at different cell densities and in the presence and absence of serum. The following results were obtained: Glucose consumption was increased but the cell counts were reduced with both the types of LC supernatants, suggesting a cytotoxic effect. Small increases of cell counts were observed with Ag supernatant in high density fibroblasts in absence of serum. Glycosaminoglycan levels per cell in medium and monolayer were similarly enhanced by both the types of supernatants in presence of serum. As an exception, Ag supernatant reduced cell glycosaminoglycans (GAG) at low cell density. In the absence of serum at low cell density, the increase of medium and cell GAG was markedly higher with Ag supernatant. The GAG pattern of the fibroblast media was scarcely influenced by LC supernatants. In the cell monolayer, however, interesting changes have been observed. Increases of HS and DS were produced by C supernatant in low density fibroblasts as well as by C- and Ag-supernatants in high density fibroblasts with serum. HS was also increased by C- and Ag supernatants in serum-free low density fibroblasts. Increases of HA and CS were produced by Ag supernatant in low density fibroblasts with serum. The possible significance of these changes is discussed with regard to chronic inflammation. PMID- 6685661 TI - Persistence of Acholeplasma laidlawii in an established cell line RL 19. 1. Host parasite morphology. AB - The cell-parasite relationship of epitheloid cells from the established liver cell line RL 19 persistently infected with Acholeplasma laidlawii was studied by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The predominantly filamentous, branched A. laidlawii were arranged horizontally on the cell surface between microvilli at the cell margin. The cell adhesion, spreading, growth pattern and cell surface shape were not altered in relation to uninfected cultures of the same cell line. PMID- 6685662 TI - 'Cap 90', a 90-kDa Ca2+-dependent F-actin-capping protein from vertebrate brain. AB - A Ca2+-dependent actin filament-capping protein of 90 kDa was purified from bovine brain using a new and rapid isolation procedure. This basically includes affinity purification on DNase-I agarose. The protein caps the fast-growing end of actin filaments but has no fragmenting or severing activity. Using Triton X 100-extracted cytoskeletons, capping and severing activities of actin-binding proteins become clearly distinguishable from each other. PMID- 6685663 TI - [R 1881 binding receptor and DHT concentrations in prostatic cytosol]. AB - R 1881 binding receptor and DHT concentrations in human prostatic cytosol were assayed in surgically removed prostatic tissues of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and of the normal prostate. The normal prostates were obtained from totally cystectomized male patients with bladder cancer. Cytosols were incubated with 0.25--8.0 nM (6 points) of 3H-R 1881 in the presence or absence of excess radioinert R 1881 at 4 degrees C for 20 hours, thereafter treated with 0.5% dextran coated charcoal. Specific bindings were analysed in the form of scatchard plot analysis. Cytosol DHT levels were determined by radioimmunoassay reported previously. Steroid specificity studies revealed that R 1881 binding receptor was inhibited not only by androgens but also by progesterone, however, an addition of 1000 fold excess triamcinolone acetonide (TCA) reduced the inhibition by progesterone. As R 1881-receptor complex was eluted at the void volume of sephacryl S-200 chromatography, the receptor was considered to be 8-9S protein. Cytosol DHT levels were 35.5 +/- 13.6 pg/mg cytosol protein in BPH and 18.9 +/- 7.1 pg/mg protein in the normal prostates, showing a significantly higher value in the former (p less than 0.01). Kd and NBS of R 1881 receptor in BPH were 0.73 +/- 0.21 nM and 30.1 +/- 9.0 fmol/mg cytosol protein and those in normal prostate were 0.68 +/- 0.28 nM, 10.2 +/- 4.2 fmol/mg protein, respectively. NBS were also higher in BPH compared to the normal prostate (p less than 0.001). Moreover, DHT levels (y) and NBS (x) showed a significant correlation (y = 0.631 X + 15.764, r = 0.506).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685664 TI - [Regulation of pituitary gonadotropin release of the frontal lobe neocortex (1)]. AB - It has been said that the frontal lobe neocortex regulates the secretion of pituitary hormones. In the present study, the nerve circuit including the frontal lobe neocortex which is concerned in regulating the secretion of pituitary gonadotropin was studied in the 4-day vaginal cycle of female Wistar rats. Electric stimulation (monophasic pulse wave, 1Hz, 6 approximately 9V) of the dorsal part of the anterior frontal lobe neocortex induced evoked potential in the thalamic dorsomedial nucleus (DM), the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (basolateral-AMYG), the medial septal nucleus (m-SEPT) and the anterior border of the diagonal band of Broca (DBB). Multiple unit activity (MUA) recorded in the DM, basolateral-AMYG and m-SEPT showed a fluctuation with the estrous cycle in which the minimum level was observed on the day of proestrus and the maximum level was observed on the day of estrus. But MUA did not show a distinct fluctuation with the estrous cycle in the frontal lobe neocortex. A horizontal circular cut of the median region in the forebrain-limbic area including the m SEPT and the anterior border of the DBB on the day of diestrus II induced vaginal cornification on the following day. Excision of the dorsal region of the anterior frontal lobe neocortex on the day of diestrus II increased the serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the afternoon of that day and induced vaginal cornification on the following day. Electrochemical stimulation (DC 120 microA, 30 sec) of the anterior frontal lobe neocortex just before the critical period of ovulation on the day of proestrus blocked the preovulatory surge of LH. Electrochemical stimulation of the anterior frontal lobe neocortex just after excision of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus (lateral-AMYG) including the basolateral-AMYG did not block the preovulatory surge of LH and ovulation. Electrochemical stimulation of the frontal neocortex after excision of the DM did not block the preovulatory LH surge. Excision of the m-SEPT showed a similar effect, but it had little effect on the blockade of the inhibition of LH secretion induced by electrochemical stimulation of the anterior frontal lobe neocortex. It became clear that the dorsal region of the anterior frontal lobe neocortex has an inhibitory function on the secretion of LH and ovulation through the nerve circuit including the DM, the basolateral-AMYG and the median region of the septal area. Then the anterior frontal lobe neocortex probably participates in the periodical rhythm of LH secretion with the estrous cycle. PMID- 6685665 TI - Assessment of antibody production in sex-linked and autosomal dwarf chickens. AB - The humoral immune response was examined in two dwarf and one control strain of Single Comb White Leghorn chicks. Circulating antibody levels in response to immunization with varying concentrations of sheep erythrocytes were determined following primary immunization and again following a secondary antigen challenge. The males of the sex-linked dwarf strain produced significantly less antibody to lower antigen dosages in both the primary and secondary response but as antigen dose was increased the humoral response was no longer depressed below that of the controls. The antibody response of females carrying the dw gene was not significantly impaired over the entire antigen dose range nor was that of either sex of the autosomal dwarf strain. Similar results were obtained when the numbers of splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC's) were examined. However, in this assay both the males and females of the sex-linked dwarf strain demonstrated significantly impaired plaque-forming activity. No differences were found between the control and autosomal dwarf strains in their ability to generate PFC's. PMID- 6685666 TI - Effects of gastric filling and vagotomy on ingestion, nipple attachment, and weight gain by suckling rats. AB - The importance of gut signals for the short-term and long-term control of ingestion was investigated using rat pups in the natural suckling situation. Pups at 10 days of age were deprived of milk and their dam for 9 hr. Pyloric ligation, vagotomy, and preloading procedures were performed on the pups shortly before testing began. The initial latency to attach to a nipple and the incidence of attachment were recorded during the 2-hr suckling period. Milk intake and the weight of gastric contents were measured following the test. Pregastric stimulation together with natural or artificial gastric filling suppressed ingestion. Acute subdiaphragmatic truncal vagotomy enhanced ingestion under these conditions, and vagotomy alone resulted in controlled hyperphagia concomitant with exaggerated gastric filling. The data suggest that the stomach is one site where milk activates a suppression mechanism for ingestion. This mechanism is mediated primarily by the vagus nerve. The importance of nipple-attachment behavior is discussed in relation to ingestive behavior, and the question of satiety in suckling rats is raised. The chronic effects of truncal vagotomy on rat pups were also investigated, beginning with denervation at 10 days of age. The pups were challenged with deprivation and tested in the natural suckling situation on Day 20. Weaning occurred on Day 22, and the pups were sacrificed on Day 41, followed by measurements of body weight, body length, and gastric contents. The physical and behavioral changes that developed during the chronic phase of vagotomy included (1) permanent gastric distension following the first postsurgical bout of ingestion; (2) reduced intake of milk when the availability of milk was greatest during the suckling test; (3) increased resting behavior regardless of milk letdown conditions during the suckling test; (4) failure to gain weight at a normal rate; and (5) failure to grow at a normal rate. The data indicate that the vagus nerve is necessary for normal internal control of ingestion as well as normal gastric filling and emptying in the suckling rat. The inability of suckling and weanling pups to thrive in the chronic phase of vagotomy indicates that nonvagal internal controls of ingestion and digestion function adequately for survival, but they are not optimal for growth and maintenance of body weight in rats. PMID- 6685667 TI - [Morphologic and functional aspects of left ventricular hypertrophy evaluated by computerized echocardiography]. AB - We have investigated the possible echocardiographic progression of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, in different stages of primary hypertension. Both morphological (LV mass and ratio of interventricular septal thickness to posterior wall thickness-IVST/PWT-, in M-mode) and functional data (parietal stress, duration, degree and velocity of filling in the four phases of diastole, obtained through computerised interpretation of M-mode tracings), were examined. We also tried to assess the morphofunctional differences between LV hypertrophy secondary to primary hypertension and LV hypertrophy secondary to renovascular hypertension, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and physical training. Patients with primary hypertension were further subdivided in three groups: A) 14 patients with hypertension of less than one year's duration, B) 28 patients with long-lasting hypertension, and C) 5 patients with cardiomegaly. There was a progressive increase from controls to Group C patients of left ventricular mass (controls 171 +/- 25; Group A 168 +/- 72; Group B 253 +/- 83; Group C 439 +/- 117) and septal hypertrophy (controls IVST/PVT 1 +/- 0.1; Group A 1.2 +/- 0.2; Group B 1.4 +/- 0.3; Group C 1.5 +/- 0.1). The isovolumic relaxation period was prolonged only in Group C (controls 8.6 +/- 3.5 per cent of the diastole; Group C 15 +/- 3.5%) LV dimensions during slow filling and atrial contraction as well as filling velocity during this latter phase of the cardiac cycle were increased in Group A (7.8 +/- 2.3 and 7.3 +/- 2%; 1.2 +/- 0.6 cm/cm X sec respectively) and B (10 +/- 6 and 10.8 +/- 4%; 1.2 +/- 0.6 cm/cm X sec) compared to the controls (5 +/- 2.8 and 3.7 +/- 2%; 0.7 +/- 0.2 cm/cm X sec). The Vcf max was not significantly different in the three groups. The patients with renovascular hypertension (N = 14) could be differentiated from those with primary hypertension of Group B for a greater increase in LV mass, with concentric hypertrophy (IVST/PWT = 1.2 +/- 0.2), for a greater prolongation of IRP (16 +/- 0.6% of diastole), with increased diameter changes in this phase (displacement ratio = 3.3 +/- 2.3%, in Group B; 4.7 +/- 3.8%, in renovascular hypertension), for a normal displacement and velocity of slow and atrial filling, despite the impairment of rapid filling found in this group, too (% displacement and velocity, respectively: 19 +/- 5% and 1.8 +/- 0.6 cm/cm X sec). PMID- 6685668 TI - [Effects of triiodothyronine on the oxygen uptake and release of fatty acids in the epididymal adipose tissue of the rat]. PMID- 6685669 TI - Effects of apomorphine administration on locomotor activity of control and experimental rats withdrawn from long-term haloperidol treatment. AB - Rats were administered increasing doses of haloperidol or control solution for 25 days, 72 hr after drug withdrawal they were observed for locomotor activity in an open field with and without apomorphine treatment. Locomotion frequency was higher in haloperidol withdrawn rats. In both groups locomotion frequency decreased 15 min after apomorphine administration, in a dose-dependent way. Apomorphine induced, also, different motor effects not necessarily similar in control and experimental rats. Supersensitivity of dopaminergic receptors induced by the long-term neuroleptic administration was considered to be involved with the differences observed. PMID- 6685671 TI - [Distribution of the points of breaks in radiation-induced chromosome rearrangements along the polytene chromosomes of Anopheles messeae]. AB - Distribution of 431 rearrangement breaks induced by X-ray treatment in polytene chromosomes of Anopheles messeae was studied. No differences were revealed in the distribution pattern of inversion and translocation breaks. The frequency both of inversion and translocation breaks is much greater in the distal parts of autosomes than in the proximal ones. Within autosomes, breaks are grouped in a number of subdivisions. The points of breaks are Non-randomly distributed. The causes for this non-randomness are discussed. PMID- 6685670 TI - [Comparative genetic analysis of the excitability of the nervous system and of certain types of motor activity in rats]. AB - The significant correspondence between neural excitability and investigatory activity in novel environments was demonstrated when studying in four selected rat strains. In order to explain this kind of correlated response, one should assume that the interstrain differences between other peripheral and central parts of neural system also exist. PMID- 6685672 TI - [Specificity of the sensitivity of inbred mouse strains TPS, WR and CBA/LacY to the action of chemical mutagens]. AB - The cytogenetic effect of thioTEPA, ethyleneimine, mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide and phtorafurum in bone marrow cells of mouse strains TPS, WR, CBA/LacY was studied. Mice of the TPS strains were most sensitive to the action of all mutagens. Mice of the WR strain were sensitive to thioTEPA and phtorafurum but relatively resistant to mutagens which require metabolic preactivation, i. e. mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide. It was suggested to carry out the study of the cytogenetic activity of chemical compounds using the panel of TPS, WR, 101/H, C57BL/6Y, CBA/LacY strains. PMID- 6685673 TI - Pituitary-gonadal function in the aging male: the male climacteric. PMID- 6685674 TI - [Iron, copper and manganese metabolism in the body of workers engaged in hard manual work]. PMID- 6685676 TI - [The feto-placental unit as an obstetrical decision-making aid]. PMID- 6685677 TI - Estradiol receptors in the urethra and the bladder of the female rabbit. AB - The presence of estradiol receptors was investigated in urethral and bladder tissue of mature pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits. Cytosolic fraction and nuclei were incubated with tritiated estradiol (3H-E2) at concentrations from 1 nM to 20 nM at 30 degrees C for 3 h with or without a 100-fold excess of diethylstilbestrol (DES). Incubation at 30 degrees C was selected so as to measure both occupied and unoccupied binding sites. The number of binding sites and their association constants were calculated by Scatchard analysis. Cytosolic binding sites for estradiol with high affinity (Ka = 0.31-0.58 X 10(9) M-1) were found in urethral tissue (785 fmol/mg DNA) and in bladder tissue (771 fmol/mg DNA). These results suggest that lower urinary tract of female rabbit could be a target organ for estradiol. PMID- 6685675 TI - Vitamin A deficiency in Crohn's disease. AB - Fifty two patients with Crohn's disease (31 outpatients and 21 inpatients) were investigated for evidence of vitamin A deficiency. Eleven (21%) had low plasma retinol concentrations (less than 1.2 mumol/l (34.3 micrograms %)). Five of these were outpatients and plasma retinol was only slightly reduced (greater than 1.0 mumol/l (28.6%)). All outpatients weighed 80% or more of ideal, and were considered at low risk of developing vitamin A deficiency. In contrast, of the six inpatients with low plasma retinol concentration, five had a level of less than 1.0 mumol/l (28.6 micrograms %) and weighed less than 80% ideal. Three of these had impaired dark adaptation and a plasma retinol concentration of less than 0.8 mumol/l (less than 22.9 micrograms %). As a group, the inpatients were more protein depleted than the outpatients, with respect to serum albumin (p less than 0.01), transferrin (p less than 0.001), and prealbumin (p less than 0.001) but retinol binding protein levels were not significantly lower. It is suggested that patients with extensive small bowel Crohn's disease, who weigh less than 80% of ideal weight, merit measurement of plasma retinol concentration. Those with plasma retinol less than 0.8 mumol/l (less than 22.9 micrograms %) run a high risk of night blindness. Vitamin supplements should be given and protein depletion corrected. PMID- 6685678 TI - [Observations on the pathophysiology of the rheumatoid joint]. PMID- 6685679 TI - [The affected cervical spine in progressive polyarthritis. Clinical study]. PMID- 6685680 TI - [Diflurex (tienilic acid) in the treatment of gout]. PMID- 6685682 TI - [Subjective difficulties of rheumatic patients associated with weather changes]. PMID- 6685681 TI - [Peroxinorm (Orgotein) in the intra-articular treatment of deforming gonarthroses]. PMID- 6685683 TI - [Eosinophilic fasciitis--Shulman's syndrome. Review and a report of a case]. PMID- 6685685 TI - Antihormonal effects of plant extracts. Pharmacodynamic effects of lithospermum officinale on the thyroid gland of rats; comparison with the effects of iodide. AB - The antithyrotropic activity of freeze-dried-extracts from Lithospermum officinale (Lith. off. FDE) was investigated in the rat. When administered together with TSH, Lith. off. FDE blocked the TSH-induced increase in endocytotic activity of the thyroid glands followed by a strong decline of thyroid hormone levels. Furthermore, when Lith. off. FDE was injected alone it caused a decline in endogenous TSH-levels as well as in thyroidal secretion and thyroid hormone levels. The efficacy of the extract in blocking thyroid secretion was compared to that of potassium iodide and it was found that the effect of Lith. off. FDE was of more rapid onset and of longer duration, suggesting that the FDE may have a different mode of action from that of KJ. A specific interaction between TSH and the active constituents of the plant extract is discussed. Experiments on thyroidectomized and T4 substituted rats have demonstrated as an additional pharmacodynamic effect of Lith. off. FDE an inhibition of peripheral T4 deiodination. PMID- 6685684 TI - [Joint changes in neoplastic diseases. Review]. PMID- 6685686 TI - The effect of social isolation on androgen and corticosteroid levels in a cichlid fish (Haplochromis burtoni) and in swordtails (Xiphophorus helleri). AB - The blood androgen and glucocorticoid levels of male Haplochromis burtoni and Xiphophorus helleri were measured in socially isolated individuals (8 and 4 weeks, respectively) and nonisolated controls. In both species social isolation leads to significant reductions of mean concentrations and variances, both for androgens and corticosteroids. It is known for H. burtoni--and new evidence for X. helleri is presented--that social isolation reduces aggressivity in nonescalating situations. It is proposed that social stimuli in both species stimulate the testes to produce more androgenic hormones, and that this can lead to higher levels of aggression. At least in tropical fish species the androgenic optimum for defending a territory or a social status may be much more controlled by social stimuli than previously realized. PMID- 6685687 TI - Hospitals receive first PPS payments. PMID- 6685688 TI - Lessons from New Jersey. Hospitals acquiring equipment under prospective pricing can learn from others experienced with the system. PMID- 6685689 TI - Cytogenic investigation of 103 patients with primary or secondary amenorrhea. AB - Cytogenetic investigations were carried out on 103 women presenting with either primary (n = 88) or secondary (n = 15) amenorrhea. A sex chromosome anomaly was found in 26% and 33% of these patients, respectively. Other studies on women with primary amenorrhea have found a similar or even higher percentage of patients with an abnormal karyotype. It is therefore suggested that all women with absence of menstruation after the age of 16 years should be investigated cytogenetically. The surprisingly high percentage of pathological karyotypes among the secondary amenorrhea group does indicate that sex chromosome anomalies cannot be ruled out in women who have had apparently normal ovarian function for at least some time, and therefore more patients from this group should be selected for chromosome analysis. PMID- 6685690 TI - Cestodicidal efficacy of mebendazole with particular reference to Diphyllobothrium latum. PMID- 6685691 TI - Role of serotonin in gastric acid secretion inhibition by prostaglandin E1. PMID- 6685692 TI - Renal abnormalities reverted by plasma exchange in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is usually accompanied by renal disfunction presumable due to diffuse thrombotic occlusions in the microcirculation. Two patients with TTP and slight renal failure with proteinuria and microscopic hematuria, were treated by repeated plasma exchanges with fresh frozen plasma, associated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide in one case, and prednisone alone in the other one. Platelet count, hematocrit and lactic dehydrogenase reverted to normal values within the fourth exchange; circulating immune complexes were never detected. Plasma factor stimulating prostacyclin activity lacked in only one patient and returned to normal levels after plasma exchange without being affected during a hematologic relapse. Renal function and urinary abnormalities reverted to normal by the end of plasma exchange and nine and six months renal and hematologic follow-up is still negative. Renal abnormalities in TTP seem to take advantage of early treatment by plasma exchange, which further to replacement of missing plasma factors, can account for the removal of toxic substances to be further investigated on. PMID- 6685693 TI - Small bowel deposition of crystals associated with the use of clofazimine (Lamprene) in the treatment of prurigo nodularis. AB - A 46-year-old woman with widespread prurigo nodularis was treated with 300 mg clofazimine a day for six months. Ten months after stopping the drug she complained of weight loss and gastrointestinal side effects which were shortly improved by a gluten-free diet, but relapsed one year later. At laparotomy, all tissues were stained bright orange-yellow, and histological examination showed crystals deposited in the chorion of intestinal villi and in the mesenteric lymph nodes. PMID- 6685694 TI - Autonomic neuropathy in leprosy. AB - The integrity of the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system was studied in 21 patients with lepromatous leprosy and in ten normal people using several simple tests based on cardiovascular reflexes. Impairment of both parasympathetic and sympathetic function was demonstrated in the lepromatous patients. PMID- 6685695 TI - Infection of the congenitally athymic rat with Mycobacterium leprae. AB - The susceptibility of congenitally athymic rats to Mycobacterium leprae infection has been investigated. Following inoculation of small numbers of M. leprae (5 X 10(3] into the foot pad, the organisms replicated and attained a maximum of 2.6 X 10(8) per foot pad at 294 days; there was limited dissemination to the tail. In similarly inoculated neonatally thymectomized Lewis rats (NTLRs) a ceiling of 2 X 10(7) organisms was reached. When a larger inoculum (10(7] was given, the number of bacilli in athymic rat foot pads peaked at 6.7 X 10(8) and after approximately 240 days a plateau of between 2 X 10(8) and 6 X 10(8) per foot pad was reached. Dissemination to superficial tissues occurred approximately nine months after inoculation, when significant numbers of bacilli were recovered from the foot pads, ears, snout, and tail. Following intravenous inoculation of 10(7) M. leprae into athymic rats, significant numbers of bacilli were recovered from the superficial tissues by 300 days post inoculation. The numbers of organisms reached a plateau of about 10(8) by one year. Autopsy of infected animals from 1 2 years after inoculation revealed no gross abnormalities except for a purulent bronchitis and bronchopneumonia. Although normal grossly, the ears, tail, snout and foot pads showed a varying degree of infiltration by histiocytes. In some this was almost imperceptible, in others there were large accumulations of foamy macrophages reminiscent of lepromatous leprosy. The numbers of mycobacteria present in Fite stains ranged from 2+ (several organisms or clusters of organisms) to 5+ (very numerous). The lymph nodes contained numerous non caseating granulomata composed of activated macrophages which contained large (4+) or very large (5+) numbers of bacilli. Mycobacteria were present in the cells of the mononuclear-phagocyte series in the liver and spleen of animals killed 12-15 months post inoculation, but were absent from these cells in animals killed later. M. leprae were also numerous in the smooth muscle of the scrotum. It is concluded that congenitally athymic rats are highly susceptible to M. leprae infection. Despite their lack of thymic-dependent T cell function, it appears that they possess the defense mechanism(s) capable of limiting the infection. PMID- 6685697 TI - Pattern of leprosy in a city hospital. AB - A total of 1327 leprosy patients attending one of the leading Delhi hospitals from 1977 to 1982 were reviewed. Leprosy, as such, is not a prominent disease in Delhi, but an influx of patients from the adjoining endemic states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar has created a challenge because of increased construction activities for the Asiad '82. A relatively large number of patients were recorded during 1980. Most of the patients were unskilled workers. The usual preponderance of males over females was fairly explicit. Patients of low socioeconomic status were seen more frequently than those of higher socioeconomic status. The disease was found in the age group of 20-30 years and, in most cases, the age at onset was between 20-29 years. Infectious cases belonging to the borderline-to lepromatous (BB-BL-LL) groups were reported more frequently than tuberculoid (TT BT) cases. A suggestion is made to incorporate neuritic and indeterminate cases in the five-group classification in order to cover the total spectrum of the disease. PMID- 6685696 TI - Variable lepromin response to Mycobacterium leprae in resistant armadillos. AB - Eight armadillos resistant to the infection of Mycobacterium leprae were lepromin tested. The tissue response was tuberculoid in 5, borderline in 2, and lepromatous in 1, thus showing a wide variation. It is seen that although cell mediated immunity as evidenced by a tuberculoid granulomatous response to killed M. leprae is associated with resistance to the disease, there may be other yet unknown factors which protect armadillos from the infection. Lepromin responses were recognized histologically even at a low dose of 10(3) organisms, and the response increased with the dose up to 10(7) organisms. The tissue reaction to live organisms was the same as that to killed ones, and autoclaving of M. leprae produced no change in the tissue response to the antigens of M. leprae. PMID- 6685698 TI - Sex differences in the absorption of dapsone after intramuscular injection. AB - A trial was performed with a long-acting dapsone (DDS) injection, consisting of an aqueous suspension of dapsone crystals, in doses of 900 mg and 1200 mg. Forty one Ethiopian leprosy patients, 13 women and 28 men, participated in the study. There appeared to be a large discrepancy in the serum concentration curves of dapsone between men and women. Following injection of 900 mg dapsone in men, a peak of 2.28 +/- 1.06 micrograms/ml (mean +/- S.D.) was observed in the first week. After two weeks the serum concentrations had fallen to 0.42 +/- 0.29 micrograms/ml, and after four weeks they fell to 0.11 +/- 0.09 micrograms/ml. Following injection in women, the curves were smooth with a peak in the first week of only 1.04 +/- 0.40 micrograms/ml, while the serum concentrations after four weeks were still 0.42 +/- 0.23 micrograms/ml. The differences between the mean curves of men and women were statistically significant (p less than 0.001). The 1200 mg dapsone injections were only given to men. The explanation of the sex difference in intramuscular absorption can probably be found in the differences in the thickness of gluteal fat in men and women. In these Ethiopian leprosy patients, the non-protein-bound fraction of dapsone comprised 17 +/- 4%. In saliva, 19.5 +/- 7.0% of the dapsone level in serum was found. Methemoglobin levels were raised but did not reach levels of clinical importance. No other significant side effects were observed. PMID- 6685699 TI - DDS-resistant infection among leprosy patients in the population of Gudiyatham Taluk, South India. Part 3. Prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and interpretation of mouse foot pad test results. AB - At the Schieffelin Leprosy Research and Training Centre, Karigiri, India, a study of the population of Gudiyatham Taluk revealed that the prevalence of dapsone (DDS)-resistant infection among lepromatous (LL) and borderline lepromatous (BL) leprosy patients treated for a minimum of three years was 3.3% (33 per 1000), with an average annual incidence of 0.28% per year. DDS-resistant infection was diagnosed when review of skin smear readings showed a continuing increase in the number of Mycobacterium leprae in successive smears despite adequate DDS treatment. The attainment of smear negativity in an LL or BL patient was found to be a favorable prognostic sign, indicating a reduced risk of DDS-resistant infection. No association was found between the incidence of DDS-resistant infection on the one hand and either the regularity or the initial dosage of DDS treatment on the other. Ninety-five (88.0%) out of 108 successful mouse foot pad tests on patients with a Bacterial Index (BI) greater than or equal to 2+ detected DDS-resistant M. leprae. The mouse test detected bacilli resistant to 0.01% w/w DDS in mouse diet not only among patients deteriorating despite adequate DDS monotherapy, but also among patients improving on DDS monotherapy. Since the mouse test as presently used does not measure the proportion of M. leprae in a sample that are resistant to DDS, the detection of DDS-resistant bacilli in the mouse test may not always indicate that the patient will fail to respond to DDS monotherapy. PMID- 6685700 TI - The significance of dapsone (DDS)-resistant Mycobacterium leprae in untreated patients. AB - In a stable rural population of South India, 18 consecutive untreated persons newly discovered to have leprosy with a Bacterial Index (BI) greater than or equal to 2+ were tested for Mycobacterium leprae resistant to dapsone (DDS) by the mouse foot pad test. Of 12 successful tests, five detected resistant M. leprae. Known contact with a treated patient in the ten years preceding the diagnosis of leprosy was not found to increase the risk of DDS-resistant M. leprae occurring in an untreated, newly diagnosed patient. This data is consistent with the bulk of evidence in the field of bacteriology, which makes it seem unlikely that treated patients are the only source, or even the major source, of resistant M. leprae in untreated patients. Bacterial mutants resistant to a drug have been shown to precede initial use of the drug. Tests for drug resistant bacteria in untreated patients before a drug is widely used in a community are likely to be important for subsequent evaluation of resistance to the drug in that community. PMID- 6685701 TI - Response to dapsone (DDS) monotherapy in leprosy patients of Gudiyatham Taluk, South India: comparison between the 1960s and the 1970s. AB - At the Schieffelin Leprosy Research and Training Centre, Karagiri, India, 148 lepromatous (LL) and borderline lepromatous (BL) leprosy patients registered for treatment in the years 1971 to 1973 were found to respond as well to dapsone (DDS) monotherapy as 391 LL and BL patients registered in 1964 to 1966, as indicated by clearance of Mycobacterium leprae from skin smears during the initial seven years of therapy in each patient. Apparently, the efficacy of DDS monotherapy has not been progressively diminishing since the introduction of DDS monotherapy into the area. PMID- 6685702 TI - Follow-up of lepromatous (LL and BL) patients on dapsone (DDS) monotherapy after attainment of smear negativity in Gudiyatham Taluk, South India. AB - At the Schieffelin Leprosy Research and Training Centre, Karigiri, India, an analysis of "relapse" rates was undertaken on all the 1293 residents of Guidyatham Taluk who were known to have lepromatous (LL) or borderline lepromatous (BL) leprosy and had attained "smear negative" status. "Relapse" was defined as the reappearance of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in skin smears, whether by reinfection from other patients or from the patient's own persisting organisms. The "relapse" rate decreased steadily with the time elapsed after the attainment of smear negativity: 2.8% (2.8 per 100 patients per year) in the initial two years; 1.1% from the third year onwards; and 0.9% from the ninth year onwards. Of the 1293 patients, 694 (53.7%) had taken greater than or equal to 80% regular dapsone (DDS) treatment during smear negativity. In this group, the "relapse" rate from the third year onwards was only 0.7% per year. The vast majority (90.9%) of LL and BL patients on DDS monotherapy in the area had at some point attained smear negative status. It appears important to study whether a limited period of DDS monotherapy after the attainment of negative skin smears would be an effective alternative to life-long DDS treatment in LL and BL patients. PMID- 6685703 TI - Results of long-term domiciliary dapsone (DDS) monotherapy for lepromatous leprosy in Gudiyatham Taluk, South India. AB - At the Schieffelin Leprosy Research and Training Centre, Karigiri, India, data were assembled on all 58 living patients with lepromatous leprosy residing in Gudiyatham Taluk who had been registered in 1960 or earlier. They had received domiciliary oral DDS monotherapy for greater than 20 years. Fifty-one of the 58 patients were currently smear negative and clinically inactive. Patients with a Bacterial Index that had at some time been greater than or equal to 2+ were currently found smear positive more frequently than the remaining patients. PMID- 6685704 TI - Treatment of leprosy using combination therapy--but how? PMID- 6685705 TI - Immunoglobulins in the urine of leprosy patients. PMID- 6685706 TI - Oral zinc in the trophic ulcers of leprosy. PMID- 6685707 TI - The "Hansen-anergic Fringe" and renewed doubts about vaccination. PMID- 6685708 TI - Simultaneous Type I and Type II reactions. PMID- 6685709 TI - Risks of treating Leprosy in a General Hospital. PMID- 6685710 TI - IgE in leprosy. PMID- 6685711 TI - Again on "indeterminate leprosy" (alias immature hanseniasis) PMID- 6685712 TI - Studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths: effects of avermectin B1a on Angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats. PMID- 6685713 TI - A study of the incidence of porcine taeniasis and other intestinal parasites in a rural community of South Western Nigeria. AB - In the course of an investigation into the incidence of porcine taeniasis among humans and and pigs which live in close contact with each other in a rural town of South-Western Nigeria, no incidence of the parasite was found. Ascaris, Strongyle (hookworm in case of humans) and Trichuris were the helminths encountered while Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli were the common protozoan cysts. Polyparasitism was common and a 12 year old boy had Salmonella infection concurrently with Ascaris and hookworm. Analysis of hospital records of the town for ten years (1972-81) showed only 2 cases out of 1665 patients diagnosed as positive for Taenia infection through faecal examination. Abattoir records of incidence of bovine and porcine cysticercosis in various towns of Oyo State also showed very low incidence in these animals. It is concluded that the rural town of Erua and the Oyo state in which it is locates are not endemic for porcine and bovine taeniasis. PMID- 6685714 TI - Onchocerciasis in Benue State of Nigeria III: a study of bionomics of Simulium damnosum (Theobald) complex at Manor. AB - Results of a 12-month study (January-December 1981) on the breeding sites, incidence and infection rates of Simulium damnosum in an area of Benue State of Nigeria endemic for human onchocerciasis are given. Natural and artificial breeding sites are described. Permanent and temporary breeding sites were recognized along the rivers in the study area and the intensity of rains was found to be the only factor which determined the permanency or temporary nature of a breeding site. All adult blackflies caught were S. damnosum "sensu lato" Greater numbers were caught during the rains with peak catches corresponding with peak of rainfall in September. The influence of shade temperature on daily biting activity was shown, peak activity being recorded at periods of day when temperature was low. Population density of blackflies increased with increasing distance from the main breeding sites on the river during the normal rains; at the peak of rains, the reverse was observed. April and September were the months of highest and lowest infection rates respectively among the catches while April to July were the most favourable period for onchocerciasis transmission because of the high infective bites per person per day in those months. The infective bites per person per day were estimated at 0.83 which, by comparison with values from endemic areas of Africa, confirmed the endemicity of the study area for human onchocerciasis. Dissected flies carried low number of developing larvae of Onchocerca volvulus with a mean of 3.9. Measurements of larvae are given and the relevance of the results to the epidemiology of human onchocerciasis in the study area is discussed. PMID- 6685715 TI - [Hemangiosarcoma of the scalp]. AB - Report on a 66-year-old patient with a hemangiosarcoma of the scalp which is known to be the preferred site of this type of tumor. The histologically partly benign hemangioma-like appearance contradicts the progredient clinically malignant and deleterious course of the disease which could not be stopped even by immediate radical large excision of the tumorous tissue with following plastic covering. PMID- 6685716 TI - [Transport aspermia following retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy and its treatment]. AB - After retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy disturbances of ejaculation (retrograde ejaculation, transport aspermia) are typical postoperative complications. An own case with transport aspermia is reported, in whom a retrograde ejaculation could be induced after intravenous application of the alpha-sympathomimetic drug midodrin. After masturbation the semen was collected from the bladder and the spermatozoa were inseminated. Immediately after the first instrumental insemination a pregnancy was obtained. PMID- 6685717 TI - Chronic encephalomyelitis caused by canine distemper virus in a Bengal tiger. AB - A chronic progressive neurologic disease was observed and monitored for 18 months in a young, tamed Bengal tiger. Clinical, serologic, and neuropathologic evidence of canine distemper virus infection was seen. Clinical signs included convulsions, myoclonus, and slowly progressive ataxia. Marked increases in neutralizing antibodies against canine distemper virus were seen in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Neuropathologic findings were nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis, with perivascular cuffing, demyelination, and inclusion bodies typical of canine distemper virus. It was concluded that, in light of this case and an earlier report of canine distemper in lion cubs, vaccination of this subgroup of carnivores with a killed vaccine may be beneficial if exposure to other animals susceptible to canine distemper is anticipated. PMID- 6685718 TI - Encephalitis caused by Baylisascaris migration in a silver fox. PMID- 6685719 TI - Conjunctivitis caused by Thelazia sp in a Senegal parrot. PMID- 6685720 TI - Pyrrolomycins C, D and E, new members of pyrrolomycins. AB - Pyrrolomycins C, D and E, new members of pyrrolomycins produced by Actinosporangium vitaminophilum SF-2080, have been isolated by chromatography on a basic alumina column. Three antibiotics have chlorinated pyrrole nuclei linked directly or via carbonyl function to the dichlorophenol moiety. Pyrrolomycins C and E are active against Gram-positive bacteria, while the spectrum of pyrrolomycin D is broad including Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. PMID- 6685721 TI - Microbial transformation of rifamycin B: a new synthetic approach to rifamycin derivatives. PMID- 6685723 TI - Doe reproduction and preweaning litter performance of straightbred and crossbred rabbits. AB - Reproductive characters (N = 430 matings) of four doe genetic groups and preweaning performance of litters (N = 280) were evaluated in a 15-mo study. Doe genetic groups were New Zealand White (NN) and Californian (CC) straightbreds and Californian X New Zealand White (CN) and New Zealand White X Californian (NC) crossbreds. Does and litters were provided either a commercial control or a 74% alfalfa pelleted diet. Sires of litters included NN, CC and Flemish Giant (FG) straightbred bucks. The linear and quadratic regression on age of dam affected (P less than .01) litter birth weight. The NN does were heavier than CC does at first breeding at 154 d and produced heavier litters at birth and weaning (all P less than .01). Percentage survival of kits from birth to weaning and doe and preweaning litter feed intake and efficiency were greater from NN than CC does (all P less than .01). Numbers born and reared/litter to weaning at 28 d were likewise greater for NN vs CC straightbred does. Heterosis estimated from comparing litters of reciprocal crossbred vs straightbred does was significant for number born, litter birth and weaning weights and doe and preweaning litter feed intake. Reciprocal crossbred differences were observed (P less than .05) for doe breeding weight, number born and weaned per litter, litter birth and weaning weights and doe and preweaning litter feed intake, favoring CN does reared by NN straightbred dams over NC does. Diet, in consistent favor of the 74% alfalfa diet, significantly affected all traits studied with the exception of doe longevity, doe fertility percentage, and doe and litter feed efficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685722 TI - Isolation and structure of oxirapentyn. PMID- 6685724 TI - Breed, heterotic and diet effects on postweaning litter growth and mortality in rabbits. AB - The effects of sire breed, dam genetic group and diet on postweaning litter growth and mortality were evaluated in 208 litters of rabbits. Sire breeds were New Zealand White (NN), California (CC) and Flemish Giant (FG). Dam genetic groups were NN and CC straightbred and California X New Zealand White (CN) and New Zealand White X Californian (NC) reciprocal crossbreds. Litters were fed either a commercial diet or a 74% alfalfa diet. Litter size and weight at 56 d and litter gain (the difference between 56- and 28-d litter weights) tended to be lower in NN- compared with CC-sired litters; while feed intake was significantly lower and mortality was higher in progeny of NN sires. Litter 56-d weight, litter gain and litter feed efficiency (gain/feed intake) were improved (P less than .05) in litters sired by FG vs NN or CC bucks. Direct heterosis (CN and NC compared with NN and CC litters) for litter size, growth and feed-related traits was generally low (less than 11% in absolute value), while moderate heterosis levels (-21 and -22%) were observed for diarrhea-related and total mortality. Differences between NN and CC straightbred dams for litter size and weight at 56 d and litter gain were small, but in favor of NN dams. Diarrhea-related and total mortality were higher (P less than .05) in litters reared by NN vs CC straightbred dams.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685725 TI - Relationships of predicted differences of dairy bulls and the performance of their crossbred progeny. AB - Actual milk and milk fat yields of 328 crossbred cows in first lactation in four experimental herds and Predicted Differences for the same traits on their 165 sires were the basic data used. Predicted Differences (PD) for milk and fat on a 1974 base were the measures of transmitting value. They were computed from all straightbred progeny of these bulls in milk recorded herds in the United States. Standard deviations of PD for the 95 Holstein and 70 Brown Swiss bulls were similar to those of all bulls of their breeds in use in artificial insemination at the same time. Regressions of milk yields of crossbred progeny on PD for milk were .77 +/- .44 for Holstein-sired crosses and 1.42 +/- .58 for crosses sired by Brown Swiss bulls. Corresponding values for milk fat were .55 +/- .41 and 1.25 +/ .60. The four regression coefficients averaged 1.00. Correlations corresponding to the four regressions were .22, .35, .17 and .31, respectively. These averaged .26, slightly higher than their expected value based on heritabilities of .25 for milk and fat yields. Regressions based on 405 straightbred Holstein and Brown Swiss progeny in the same four experimental herds averaged .99, while respective correlations averaged .21. These results suggest that selection of dairy bulls based on their progeny tests from straightbred progeny would be effective in improving lactation yields of crossbred progeny. PMID- 6685726 TI - Phosphorus bioavailability in the chick: effects of protein source and calcium level. AB - Three experiments utilizing 1,104 broiler cockerels were conducted to establish optimum dietary conditions for the determination of phosphorus (P) bioavailability. The reference P source was KH2PO4. A response-surface design and purified diets containing casein as the protein source were utilized in Exp. 1 Various levels of calcium (Ca) and P supported near-maximal gain in tibia ash. Optimal gain in tibia ash was attained at 1.8% Ca and .55% total (highly available) P. Regression equations describing the gain in tibia ash in response to added P from KH2PO4 for diets in Exp. 2 that contained casein and isolated soybean protein had different (P less than .05) slopes. Diets moderately limiting in available P exhibited reduced gain in tibia ash content if more than 1.4% total Ca was present. A corn-soybean meal diet was utilized in Exp. 3. Partitioning of tibia ash gain into effects due to basal diet, added P from KH2PO4, or P from the test ingredient was investigated. Sunflower meals containing 42 or 28% crude protein were evaluated for P bioavailability. The P content of the meals was 21.6 and 22.7% available, respectively. The fiber of the sunflower hull did not interfere with P availability. Selection of diet ingredients is discussed with respect to the development of P bioavailability values for use in practical diets. PMID- 6685727 TI - Impact of weighing procedures and variation in protein degradation rate on measured performance of growing lambs and cattle. AB - A lamb growth trial was conducted to evaluate soybean meal and blood meal and to compare two experimental designs (a completely randomized design and a switchback design). A larger amount of variation was observed with the switchback than with the randomized design. A larger number of animals, longer treatment period or increased number of weighings may be needed to overcome end point weighing errors and decrease the variation in the switchback design. In both designs, there was a significantly greater conversion of protein to gain for blood meal (BM) supplemented lambs than for soybean meal (SBM)-supplemented lambs. The relative value of BM compared with SBM was 251% (completely randomized design) or 296% (switchback design). Weighing steers 2 or 3 d at the beginning and end of the trial reduced variation and increased the probability of detecting differences in daily gain, gain/feed and protein efficiency when compared with a standard weighing method (once at the beginning and once at the end of the trial). Regressing 11 weekly weights on an average of one, two or three initial and final weights also reduced variation and increased the probability of detecting treatment differences. Regressions of weekly weights were more useful as the number of initial and final weights was decreased. Daily gain and gain/feed increased linearly (P less than .05) with protein level when BM or SBM was fed. A nonlinear model was used to predict protein requirement, maximum gain and relative protein values. There was a range in relative values for BM of 255 to 348% depending on the method of analysis used. PMID- 6685728 TI - The negative side effects of reward. AB - The negative side effects of aversive control have been extensively discussed in clinical literature and textbooks. The symmetry between aversive and appetitive control in basic experimental research implies that parallel negative side effects of reward exist. These negative side effects are described and their implications for clinical practice and research are discussed. PMID- 6685729 TI - Identification of chlorinated nitrobenzene residues in Mississippi River fish. AB - Residues of lower chlorinated nitrobenzenes have been found at levels up to about 1 ppm in 8 samples of Mississippi River fish. Electron capture gas chromatography (EC/GC) was used for determination after extraction and cleanup using a procedure based on the AOAC multiresidue method for organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in nonfatty foods. The residues found included 2-, 3-, and 4 chloronitrobenzene and 2,3- and 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene; identity was confirmed by GC/mass spectrometry. GC retention times for 15 monochloro-through pentachloro substituted nitrobenzene congeners were determined with OV-101 and mixed OV-101 + OV-210 columns at 130 degrees C. In studies of the nonfatty food extraction and cleanup procedures of the AOAC method, recoveries of 15 chlorinated nitrobenzenes from spiked fish samples ranged from 68 to 116%. GC of cleaned up fish extract aliquots equivalent to 20 mg sample allowed quantitation of individual congeners at levels of about 0.025 and 0.005 ppm with 3H and 63Ni EC detectors, respectively. The contamination of Mississippi River fish with chlorinated nitrobenzenes appears to be localized in a 150 mile section of the river extending from St. Louis, MO, to Cape Girardeau, MO; no chlorinated nitrobenzenes (less than 0.005 ppm) were detected in Mississippi River fish caught above or below this region of the river or in fish from the lower Missouri River, which joins the Mississippi River near St. Louis. PMID- 6685730 TI - A steady state kinetic analysis of the reaction of chloroperoxidase with peracetic acid, chloride, and 2-chlorodimedone. AB - The chloroperoxidase-peracetic acid-chloride-2-chlorodimedone system is used as a model for the investigation of enzymatic halogenation reactions. Systematic variation of the concentrations of the three substrates under steady state conditions yields sets of kinetic parameters containing both kinetic and mechanistic information. Three distinct enzyme species are involved in the halogenation cycle: native enzyme, compound I, and a short-lived halogenating intermediate. Analysis of the kinetic data is complicated by the fact that chloride serves as a substrate in the second step and as an inhibitor of the first step of the overall halogenation reaction. The inhibitor binding site on the native enzyme must be protonated prior to the binding of chloride. Chloride appears to be a competitive inhibitor for both compound I formation and cyanide binding to chloroperoxidase. Only the latter reaction can be studied directly in stopped-flow experiments since compound I disappears rapidly by reacting with chloride present in solution. Rate constants are calculated for the individual steps of the reaction at four different pH values. The rate constant for compound I formation is independent of pH, but the actual rate is reduced at lower pH values due to pH dependence of the chloride inhibition. The rate constant for the oxidation of chloride by compound I decreases with increasing pH. The rate of the halogenation step appears to be independent of pH. PMID- 6685731 TI - Kinetics of Cu(II) transport and accumulation by hepatocytes from copper deficient mice and the brindled mouse model of Menkes disease. AB - The kinetics of 64Cu(II) uptake, efflux and net accumulation were examined with hepatocytes isolated from hemizygous and heterozygous brindled mice to determine the basis for the low hepatic copper levels in these mice. Initial rate data (0.5 min) for 64Cu(II) uptake showed no significant differences between the normal and mutant hepatocytes for the Km and Vmax parameters for copper uptake. The rate and total efflux of 64Cu from preloaded cells were also normal for both the hemizygous and heterozygous brindled hepatocytes. Normal and mutant hepatocytes exhibited an overshoot in net 64Cu(II) uptake when cells were incubated continuously with 64Cu(II) for 6 h. Maximal intracellular levels were attained at 1.5 to 2.5 h before a lower steady state was achieved by approximately 3 h. The mutant hepatocytes were also normal with respect to the time-delayed efflux process responsible for the overshoot in terms of 64Cu lost/min/mg of protein. However, both the hemizygous and heterozygous hepatocytes showed approximately 25% less than normal maximal copper accumulation. This accounted for the approximately 25% lower copper levels at steady state and also equaled the Cu deficiency in the resting whole livers. The impaired Cu accumulation characteristic is not a general property of Cu-deficient hepatocytes because nutritionally Cu-deficient hepatocytes exhibited higher than normal net 64Cu accumulation. The effect was Cu-specific since 65Zn(II) accumulation was normal with the mutant hepatocytes. The results are consistent with expression of the primary defect at the cellular level in the liver in the mouse mutants, and by inference, Menkes disease. PMID- 6685732 TI - Adhesion of Dictyostelium discoideum cells to carbohydrates immobilized in polyacrylamide gels. I. Evidence for three sugar-specific cell surface receptors. AB - Dictyostelium discoideum cells appear to be able to recognize particular carbohydrate prosthetic groups at different stages in their life cycle. We therefore used our previously developed model system (consisting of polyacrylamide gels containing putative ligands covalently linked to the polymer) to determine the receptors on these cells capable of recognizing carbohydrates. D. discoideum cells, at different developmental stages from growth phase to late aggregation, were incubated with the derivatized gels, and the number of adherent cells was determined by measuring alanine transaminase after cell lysis. From 70 to 100% of the cells firmly adhered to gels derivatized with glucose, maltose, or cellobiose. The cells were also capable of binding to N-acetylglucosamine and mannose, but both the rate and the extent of binding to these sugars were less than those observed with the glucose derivatives. Furthermore, binding to N acetylglucosamine decreased to negligible levels during the aggregation stage of development. The cells did not bind to the glucose-derivatized gels in the presence of glucose and a variety of carbohydrates containing glucose at the nonreducing termini, whereas binding was not inhibited by N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, and derivatives of these sugars. Adhesion to all sugars was blocked by 2,4-dinitrophenol. This inhibitor also reversed the binding to gels containing N acetylglucosamine and mannose, but not to glucose. Differential binding to the three monosaccharides was also observed under conditions affecting the normal amoeboid shape of the cells. In addition, adhesion to N-acetylglucosamine and mannose was trypsin-sensitive, whereas adhesion to glucose was only slightly affected by treating the cells with trypsin (and cycloheximide). These and other results suggest that D. discoideum cell adhesion to derivatized gels is mediated by three different receptors, one highly specific for glucose and two (probably less specific) for N-acetylglucosamine and mannose. PMID- 6685733 TI - Proline-rich polypeptides bound to rat prostatic binding protein. The primary structure of the two main components, proline-rich polypeptides IV and V. AB - The complete primary structures of the two main forms, PRP-IV and PRP-V, of a proline-rich polypeptide bound in vivo to rat prostatic binding protein has been determined. Their sequences were established using manual Edman degradation of the native polypeptide and of purified fragments derived from trypsin and thermolysin digestions. Both polypeptides contain 38 amino acid residues (Mr = 4397 and 4339); cysteine, methionine, and serine are missing. In spite of the high proline content (21%), no polyproline stretches were detected. PRP-IV and PRP-V show an extensive structural homology and differ only by three substitutions. These amino acid replacements are located in the NH2-terminal part of the molecule at positions 6 (His leads to Pro), 10 (Pro leads to His), and 11 (Asp leads to Gly). Moreover, each component displays a microheterogeneity at several positions in the sequence which indicates that multiple structural variants exist for PRP-IV and PRP-V. These data not only suggest the existence in rat ventral prostate of a multigene family coding for the proline-rich polypeptides but also the occurrence of a pronounced genetic polymorphism for these components. In addition, a remarkable sequence homology is observed between the PRP components and the region of the B chain in the precursor of mouse renin. PMID- 6685734 TI - Studies on the motility of the foraminifera. II. The dynamic microtubular cytoskeleton of the reticulopodial network of Allogromia laticollaris. AB - Lamellipodia have been induced to form within the reticulopodial networks of Allogromia laticollaris by being plated on positively charged substrata. Video enhanced, polarized light, and differential interference contrast microscopy have demonstrated the presence of positively birefringent fibrils within these lamellipodia. The fibrils correspond to the microtubules and bundles of microtubules observed in whole-mount transmission electron micrographs of lamellipodia. Microtubular fibrils exhibit two types of movements within the lamellipodia: lateral and axial translocations. Lateral movements are often accompanied by reversible lateral associations between adjacent fibrils within a lamellipodium. This lateral association-dissociation of adjacent fibrils has been termed 'zipping' and 'unzipping'. Axial translocations are bidirectional. The axial movements of the microtubular fibrils can result in the extension of filopodia by pushing against the plasma membrane of the lamellipodia. Shortening, or complete withdrawal, of such filopodia is accomplished by the reversal of the direction of the axial movement. The bidirectional streaming characteristic of the reticulopodial networks also occurs within the lamellipodia. In these flattened regions the streaming is clearly seen to occur exclusively in association with the intracellular fibrils. Transport of both organelles and bulk hyaline cytoplasm occurs bidirectionally along the fibrils. PMID- 6685735 TI - Analysis of Cortinarius mushrooms by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6685737 TI - An ancient method and a modern scourge: the condom as a barrier against herpes. PMID- 6685736 TI - The effect of platelet-derived growth factor on morphology and motility of human glial cells. AB - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a mitogen for several cell types in culture. It is documented in this work that one of the earliest effects of PDGF on serum-starved glial cells is an induction of intensive motile activity. Within the first minute after the addition of PDGF thin membrane lamellae grow out around almost all of the cell circumference. Later, circular arrangements of small ruffles appear on the dorsal surface of the cells. These rings of ruffles vary in size and some encircle almost the whole cell. The organization of the peripheral weave of microfilaments in the PDGF-induced advancing lamellae was closely similar to that of normally growing cells. In the regions of the circular arrangements of ruffles there was an extensive reorganization of the surface actin with unusual arrangements of microfilament bundles and polygonal networks. There was also a general intensification of the translocation of membrane ruffles and spikes from the cell periphery towards the centre of the cell, increased micropinocytotic activity and shuttling of intracellular particles. PMID- 6685738 TI - Antigenic structure of calmodulin: production and characterization of antisera specific for plant calmodulins or Ca2+-replete vs. Ca2+-free calmodulins. AB - Calmodulin was purified from bovine testis and soybean seed, using affinity chromatography on (6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthylene sulfonamide (W7) Sepharose. The simple preparation of this affinity medium is presented. Although bovine and soybean calmodulins share affinity for W7-Sepharose, share biological activity, and have similar amino acid compositions, antisera raised against soybean calmodulin recognize animal calmodulins with 20,000-fold less avidity than they do plant calmodulins. We have also raised antisera which recognize only Ca2+-calmodulin; they are incapable of recognizing the Ca2+-free conformation of calmodulin. Two classes of such antisera were obtained. One class exhibited half maximal binding of [125I]-calmodulin with 0.5 microM Ca2+ while the other required 2.5 microM ionic Ca2+ for the same degree of antigen binding. These studies together indicate that plant calmodulins possess an epitope not found on animal calmodulins, and that the conformational alterations calmodulin undergoes upon binding Ca2+ can be exploited to raise antisera against those conformations. PMID- 6685739 TI - Incorporation of 32P and 45Ca into milk and casein micelles of a buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) following intramuscular injection. PMID- 6685740 TI - Physiological and pathological factors influencing bovine immunoglobulin G1 concentration in milk. AB - Bovine immunoglobulin G1 concentration was determined by radial immunodiffusion in 349 milk samples of uninfected quarters, 95 of infected quarters, and 118 blood serum samples from 42 Holstein-Friesian cows taken at days 30, 150, and 270. In lactation, immunoglobulin G1 concentration in milk was not affected by immunoglobulin G1 concentration in blood serum or location of quarters. The immunoglobulin G1 concentrations increased at the end of lactation and in samples collected from cows beyond the third lactation. Uninfected quarters had a mean immunoglobulin G1 concentration of .46 mg/ml. This was less than means from quarters infected by minor or major pathogens. Quarter infection by Staphylococcus aureus resulted in an increase of immunoglobulin G1 concentration in blood serum (9.22 to 11.3 mg/ml). When Corynebacterium bovis was persistent throughout the lactation, immunoglobulin G1 concentration in blood serum was increased (11.26 mg/ml). There was no correlation between somatic cell count and immunoglobulin G1 concentration in uninfected quarters. There was a slight correlation between bovine serum albumin and immunoglobulin G1 concentration in identical quarters (.23). Infection of quarters increased in varying degrees the correlation between immunoglobulin G1 concentration and bovine serum albumin concentration or somatic cell count in milk. PMID- 6685741 TI - Post weaning plasma progesterone, prolactin and environmental influence in the resumption of ovarian activity in sows. AB - Plasma progesterone levels were determined three days after weaning in 151 sows Landrace x Large White. Furthermore, the influence of bromocriptine (Parlodel, Sandoz) was studied on the resumption of ovarian activity in 19 sows during the hot season. An increased progesterone base-line level was shown during the June July-August period as compared with May and September-October. No correlation was found between progesterone levels and the percentage of sows which returned to estrus 10 days after weaning except when progesterone levels reached and exceeded 0.9 ng/ml; in this case, no sow resumed ovarian activity in normal time. Bromocriptine treatment had no influence on the resumption of ovarian activity, suggesting that prolactin is not involved in the lack of estrus after weaning. An influence of environmental factors is also suggested. PMID- 6685742 TI - Cleft hand and central polydactyly in identical twins: a case report. AB - Four hands of a pair of identical twins demonstrated manifestations of both cleft hand deformity and central polydactyly, supporting the concept that a common etiological mechanism is involved in the development of these anomalies. PMID- 6685743 TI - [ECG features of hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with special reference to asymmetric septal hypertrophy]. AB - Thirty-eight cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) were analyzed in order to correlate the electrocardiographic findings with the distribution of hypertrophic portions identified by two-dimensional echocardiograms. The electrocardiographic features which characterize the selected cases with ASH in this study were abnormal Q waves or regression of R waves in the left precordial leads (six obstructive type and six non-obstructive type) and a pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (31 cases including five cases with abnormal Q waves) (Table 1). There was no significant relation between the voltage of a R wave in V1 and the degree of septal thickness. From the electrocardiographic features mentioned above, the patients were divided into two groups, i.e., 1) the patients with abnormal Q waves (12 cases) and 2) those with LVH without abnormal Q waves (26 cases). The difference in the pattern of distribution of hypertrophy was evaluated based on the presence or absence of the abnormal Q waves. The results were as follows: Although there were no differences in the degree of septal thickness in both groups, the posterior wall in the group with LVH was significantly thicker. The group with LVH showed diffuse hypertrophy in the left ventricular free wall as well as the septum. Moreover, the short-axis view of two-dimensional echocardiograms revealed that hypertrophy in the septum was diffuse in both anterior and posterior portions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685745 TI - [Case of essential hemorrhagic thrombocythemia associated with subendocardial infarction and acute renal failure]. PMID- 6685744 TI - [Diastolic filling of the right ventricle in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy studied with 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography]. AB - Inflow pattern at the tricuspid orifice was examined using two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography. The cases examined consisted of 24 cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 10 cases of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) due to hypertension or aortic valvular stenosis and 23 healthy subjects. The right ventricular inflow pattern in HCM was characterized by a slow deceleration of a rapid filling wave, an increase in the duration of an inflow due to atrial contraction and an increased ratio of the peak velocity in atrial contraction phase to that in rapid filling phase (A/R). No definite difference was noted in the right ventricular inflow pattern between HCM with and without left ventricular obstruction. The abnormalities in the right ventricular inflow pattern in LVH were similar to those in HCM. The abnormal inflow patterns in HCM and LVH suggested a reduced distensibility of the right ventricle in early diastole and the compensatory augmentation of right atrial contraction. The changes in the deceleration of the rapid filling wave and A/R ratio were significantly correlated with interventricular septal thickness (base and papillary muscle levels) in cases with LVH. This result seemed to indicate that the changes in the right ventricular inflow are mainly resulted from the influence of hypertrophy of the interventricular septum on right ventricular function. There was hypertrophy of the interventricular septum in all cases of HCM and, in addition, that of the right ventricular anterior wall in some of them. The changes in the inflow pattern in HCM are also considered to be resulted from hypertrophy of the right ventricular anterior wall and the influence of hypertrophy of the interventricular septum on right ventricular function. However, in the cases of HCM, the extent of the changes showed no significant correlation with right ventricular anterior wall thickness and interventricular septal thickness. In HCM, hypertrophy of the interventricular septum and right ventricular free wall may coexist, and ventricular hypertrophy is often nonuniform and may exhibit disarrangement in myocardial architecture. Therefore, influential factors on the right ventricular inflow are considered to be more complicated in HCM than in LVH, resulting in the absence of significant correlation to the abnormal inflow mentioned above. PMID- 6685746 TI - A microassay for mammalian renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase applicable to man. AB - A micro determination of the renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase activity was developed that uses as little as 1 mg of rat kidney tissue. The method was applied to the remaining portions of needle kidney biopsy specimens taken for diagnostic purposes from children who had asymptomatic proteinuria and/or hematuria (more than 1-year duration) but were otherwise normal in calcium metabolism and renal function. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase levels of these children were found to be 66 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 per milligram of tissue per 20 min for an 11-year-old male, 117 pg for a 9-year-old male, and 89 pg for a 10-year-old female. PMID- 6685747 TI - Errors in the assessment of nasopharyngeal airway by radiography. PMID- 6685748 TI - Otitis media with effusion--complications after treatment. AB - In this work we have followed 64 patients suffering from OME (otitis media with effusion) who had ventilating tubes (VT) introduced between 1967 and 1971. In 82 ears (78.8 per cent of cases) recovery and improvement were observed. In one of the ears, a long-standing perforation was noted. In 11 cases (10.5 per cent), after more than 10 years, further treatment and follow-up were mandatory; these patients suffered from some attic disease. In eight cases the attic retraction was under control; in three other cases the disease progressed in spite of treatment, and they underwent surgery. PMID- 6685749 TI - A rapid, isocratic method for phospholipid separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid, isocratic method for separating the most prevalent phospholipids by high performance liquid chromatography is described. Baseline resolution of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin is achieved in less than 40 min on a silica column. Lipids are injected in 10 microliter of chloroform-diethyl ether 1:2 (v/v) and eluted with a solvent mixture of acetonitrile-methanol-sulfuric acid 100:3:0.05 (v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Neutral lipids and cardiolipin elute with the solvent front. Chromatography of a radioactive cell lipid extract indicates a recovery of better than 97%. The procedure is sensitive enough to permit the analysis of the main phospholipids present in a monolayer culture containing about 100 micrograms of cell protein. PMID- 6685750 TI - Treatment of premature labour with terbutaline. PMID- 6685751 TI - Serum and cord blood iron and copper in pregnant women with anemia. PMID- 6685752 TI - Plasma oestradiol-17 beta and testosterone concentrations as possible causes of the infertility of congenitally obese Zucker rats. AB - The plasma oestradiol-17 beta concentrations of obese and non-obese female Zucker rats have been measured in three phases of the oestrous cycle. The oestradiol concentrations of both phenotypes were similar, and changed normally with the oestrous cycle. The weights of the uteri also changed normally with the cycle. Plasma androgen concentrations in male Zucker rats have also been measured: the mean concentration was slightly but significantly lower in obese rats, and androgen-sensitive tissues were slightly reduced in weight. The oestradiol-17 beta concentrations in males of both phenotypes were similar. It seems unlikely that deficient plasma concentrations of gonadal hormones cause the infertility of obese rats of either sex. PMID- 6685753 TI - The effects of amino acids, cumulus cells, and bovine serum albumin on in vitro fertilization and first cleavage of hamster eggs. AB - Three factors were studied for their effects on the first cleavage division of in vitro fertilized hamster eggs. Eggs from superovulated females were inseminated with precapacitated epididymal hamster sperm in medium containing either fatty acid-free (FAF) or fraction V (V) bovine serum albumin (BSA), in the presence or absence of cumulus cells. After incubation for 3 to 4 h with sperm, eggs were transferred to culture medium containing FAF- or V-BSA, with or without amino acids (glutamine, isoleucine, methionine, and phenylalanine), and the percentages of eggs cleaving to two cells were recorded after a further 20 h of incubation. Fatty acid-free BSA was found to support a significantly higher percentage of eggs cleaving than V-BSA and was used in all further experiments. The presence of cumulus cells during fertilization was found to have a beneficial effect on cleavage when no amino acids were added to the culture medium, but when amino acids were included, eggs fertilized with or without cumulus present cleaved equally well. These results represent another step toward defining the optimal environmental conditions for obtaining the first cleavage division of hamster eggs in vitro. PMID- 6685754 TI - Electromyographic (EMG) urodynamic anal probe as a diagnostic tool in the management of sexual dysfunctions in female spinal cord injured patients. PMID- 6685755 TI - Cadmium, zinc, and copper metabolism in the mottled mouse, an animal model for Menkes' kinky hair syndrome. AB - Studies of uptake and release of 64Cu, 109Cd, and 65Zn in suckling C57BL/6J male mice revealed kinetics and distributions that differed for each metal both within and among the organs analyzed, suggesting distinct, albeit overlapping, mechanisms for transport and binding of each metal. In mutants, there were tissue specific increases in copper-binding capacity. In hemizygotes (Moblo/y) accumulation of 64Cu was increased in kidney, lung, and duodenum. In heterozygotes (Moblo/+), 64Cu content was increased in kidney, with a smaller increase in lung, and no change in duodenal Cu. Decreased 64Cu accumulation was seen in liver in both hemi- and heterozygotes. In contrast, 64Zn and 109Cd accumulation in organs of heterozygote mice was not significantly distinguishable from normal. In skin and connective tissues there is excessive accumulation of 64Cu in Moblo/+ and Moblo/y, no abnormality in heterozygote 65Zn accumulation, but a clear decrease in heterozygote 109Cd content. In both mutant kidney and liver, there was an aberrant subcellular distribution of 64Cu, with the major fraction of sequestered 64Cu in the cytosol. Our studies establish that in spite of the ubiquity of metallothioneins and the structural similarities of those that have been characterized, there is specificity and functional heterogeneity in metal binding among tissues. The aggregate data suggest that there are unique regulatory mechanisms for the metabolism of copper and zinc, while there exists, in part, an inverse relationship between the binding of copper and cadmium. Our data further suggest that the blotchy mutation involves a specific cytosolic copper storage or transport protein also capable of binding cadmium. PMID- 6685756 TI - Diurnal changes in lipolytic activity of isolated fat cells and their increased responsiveness to epinephrine and theophylline with meal feeding in rats. AB - Diurnal changes in glycogen stores of adipose tissues and in vitro lipolytic activity of isolated epididymal fat cells, and their lipolytic responsiveness to epinephrine and theophylline were examined in rats adapted to a 2-h daily meal feeding (20.00-22.00 h; darkness between 20.00-08.00 h) for 3 weeks and in control rats fed ad libitum. The fat cells from both groups of animals showed the peak of lipolytic activity at the mid-dark period (03.00 h), but the peak values and the average values at 6 or 7 time points examined within the 24-h feeding cycle were significantly higher (p less than 0.025) in meal-fed rats. Basal, epinephrine-stimulated, and epinephrine-induced lipolysis of fat cells from control rats showed diurnal changes, and the rhythms and their amplitude were affected by meal feeding. Changes in lipolytic activity of fat cells did not seem to relate directly to those of glycogen stores in adipose tissue. The over-all 24 h means of lipolytic activity of fat cells were significantly increased (p less than 0.001) with meal feeding. Mean cell size of epididymal fat pads was significantly smaller (p less than 0.001) in meal-fed rats, but lipolytic responsiveness to the graded concentrations of epinephrine and theophylline in the incubation medium was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) in meal-fed rats than in rats fed ad libitum. Thus, these findings suggest that lipolytic activity of the cAMP-hormone sensitive lipase system in fat cells might be increased with meal feeding in rats. Furthermore, the present results may give a new idea to consider the discrepancy that many workers have not been able to observe the increase in body fat deposition with meal feeding, which has been frequently reported to enhance lipogenesis in rats. PMID- 6685757 TI - Change in serum vitamin A concentration after an oral dose in children with acute diarrhea. PMID- 6685758 TI - Ototoxicity with cisplatin therapy. PMID- 6685759 TI - Hypertriglyceridemia during the intravenous infusion of a safflower oil-based fat emulsion. PMID- 6685760 TI - Folate supplementation during lactation: maternal folate status, human milk folate content, and their relationship to infant folate status. AB - The influence of maternal folate status and human milk folate content on infant folate status was studied in 11 lactating women taking folate supplements throughout pregnancy and lactation. Nursing mothers not taking folate supplements, as well as nonpregnant, nonlactating women, were also studied. Maternal and infant serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations, as well as the "free" and total folate contents of human milk samples, were determined at 6 and 12 weeks post partum. Mothers taking folate supplements maintained blood folate concentrations higher than those of unsupplemented mothers and similar to or higher than those of normal adults. Infants of both supplemented and unsupplemented mothers maintained similar blood folate levels. Positive correlations were found between maternal RBC folate concentrations and infant RBC folate concentrations at 6 weeks (r = 0.62) and 3 months (r = 0.74), but no relationship was found between maternal folate status and human milk folate activity. Human milk folate levels increased with the progression of lactation, were higher in the evening than earlier in the day, and were higher at the end of a feeding than at the beginning. These results indicate that human milk folate levels are maintained at the expense of maternal reserves and that folate supplementation during lactation may be of value for preservation of maternal reserves. PMID- 6685762 TI - Pitfalls in the design and manufacture of infant formulas. PMID- 6685761 TI - Concentrations and total daily output of micronutrients in breast milk of mothers delivering preterm: a longitudinal study. AB - The number of preterm infants fed their own mother's milk appears to be increasing as a result of information suggesting certain benefits over milk from human milk banks or proprietary formulas. It is also apparent that the nutritional requirements of term and preterm infants differ. Thus, the finding of various deficiencies in small preterm infants indicates that studies which examine the nutrient content of milk from mothers who deliver prematurely are important to aid in suggesting appropriate supplementation. In order to provide appropriate recommendations, nutrient content must be assayed during the period of exclusive milk feedings. Accordingly, the concentrations and total daily output of breast milk zinc and copper, and vitamins A, C, and E, were examined in a group of 13 mothers delivering at or before 32 weeks gestation. Collections of a total 24-h output were obtained every 7 days for the first 7 weeks after delivery. Concentrations of all micronutrients were similar to those reported previously during the first 5 weeks of lactation. Most striking, however, was the progressive decline in total output as well as concentration of zinc. After the first 2 weeks of lactation, levels of copper and vitamins A, C, and E were not affected by the duration of lactation. There was substantial variation between mothers in daily output of all the micronutrients. The low output of these micronutrients suggests that some attempt should be made at monitoring the mineral and vitamin status of small preterm infants fed exclusively human milk for the first 3 months of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685763 TI - Milk and soybean protein allergy. PMID- 6685764 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in identical twins. AB - Identical twins with congenital diaphragmatic hernia in both members are presented. They are the second pair reported in the world literature. PMID- 6685765 TI - Discordant Hirschsprung's disease in monozygotic twins. AB - Two pairs of twins are being reported where monozygocity was supported by the observed sharing of a single and common placenta and by ABO and HLA identity. Only one of each pair of twins was affected by long-segment Hirschsprung's disease; the other twins were entirely normal. Discordant Hirschsprung's disease in monozygotic twins is very rare. The etiology in such cases is influenced by genetic or by environmental intrauterine factors rather than by postnatal influences, as suggested elsewhere. PMID- 6685766 TI - Prediction of aztreonam pharmacokinetics in humans based on data from animals. AB - Interspecies correlations of pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in animals were used to predict human pharmacokinetics in order to design the first clinical study of an investigational drug. The serum pharmacokinetics of aztreonam, a novel monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, were described for mice, rats, rabbits, and monkeys, using serum clearance and apparent volume of distribution. A one compartment pharmacokinetic model yielded predictions for aztreonam clinical pharmacokinetics that were very helpful in choosing doses and serum sampling times for the first kinetic study in healthy male volunteers. Predicted serum aztreonam concentrations agreed well with subsequently measured values in man. PMID- 6685768 TI - Vaccination against spontaneous abortion in mice. AB - We report here that the high rate of spontaneous resorption observed in CBA/J female mice mated with DBA/2 J males can be dramatically reduced by vaccination with Balb/c male spleen cells, but not by CBA/J or DBA/2 J male spleen cells. This effect correlates with the differential ability of Balb/c spleen cells to induce MLR suppressor activity in CBA/J female mice, and should lead to a better understanding of the immunology of the materno-fetal relationship. PMID- 6685767 TI - Role of cross-bridge distortion in the small-signal mechanical dynamics of insect and rabbit striated muscle. AB - The mechanism of the active tension response of insect fibrillar muscle to step changes and small oscillations of length was re-investigated, following White's demonstration (1983) that the high relaxed stiffness evidently persists during activation and cannot be neglected as had previously been assumed. White's result makes earlier explanations of the small-signal response untenable; the experimental and theoretical studies described here lead to a new class of explanations at the cross-bridge level. The response of an activated muscle to a fast stretch consists of a synchronous tension increase that is followed first by a rapid decay of tension and then by a delayed rise ('stretch activation'). It was shown in glycerinated fibre preparations from the water bug and the bumblebee that subtraction of the relaxed tension response from the active response results in a prominent undershoot of the tension level preceding the step, before the delayed rise of tension. The responses of the same fibres to sinusoidal oscillations, in the frequency range 1-150 Hz, showed an equivalent behaviour, with the active locus circling the relaxed locus in a Nyquist plot, as described by Machin & Pringle (1960). Stiffness was determined during the tension response to a large step (of 1%) by recording the immediate change of tension to a small test step (0.2%), applied at various times after the conditioning step. In the majority of preparations stiffness remained constant or increased during the undershoot of tension. Step and sinusoidal responses with the above features cannot be explained at all by an active component resembling a simple exponential delay. We show, however, that such features are predicted if certain small-signal effects of cross-bridge distortion (previously and erroneously assumed negligible in insect flight muscle for the small-signal case) are incorporated in models of the cross-bridge cycle. Two alternative hypotheses for the effects of distortion are examined: (i) distortion-induced detachments and (ii) distortion-modulated transitions among multiple attached states (Huxley & Simmons, 1971). For the first we also show that the results do not differ qualitatively whether one assumes strain, interfilament displacement or 'bridge recruitment' as the physical correlate of stretch activation. Both of the above explanations account, at least qualitatively, for the observed rapid decay and undershoot of tension following a step increase of length, and for the circling of the active Nyquist plot loci about the passive locus. The explanation based on distortion-induced detachments, however, appears to be inconsistent with the stiffness measurements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6685769 TI - Towards 2001--population changes: implications for care. The health services. PMID- 6685770 TI - Bis(bioreductive) alkylating agents: synthesis and biological activity in a nude mouse human carcinoma model. AB - Chemical investigations leading to the construction of bis(bioreductive) alkylating agents having both conformationally restricted and mobile spacer regions are described. Two targets having the conformationally mobile ethylene spacer group, namely, 2,2'-ethylenebis[6-(hydroxymethyl)-p-benzoquinone] diacetate (3b) and 2,2'-ethylenebis[6-(bromomethyl)-p-benzoquinone] (3c), were studied in vivo and in vitro using an established epithelial/Burkitt lymphoma hybrid cell line (D98/HR1) previously shown to induce carcinomas in nude mice. Inactivity of both test compounds in vitro, the relative resistance of these cells to test drugs in vitro, and the selective antitumor properties of the bis(bromomethyl) analogue in vivo lead to the proposal that this compound undergoes bioreduction to an alkylating species in the hypoxic core of the tumor, thereby exerting its action. PMID- 6685771 TI - Synthesis and some pharmacological properties of [4-threonine,7 sarcosine]oxytocin, a peptide with high oxytocic potency, and of [4-threonine,7-N methylalanine]oxytocin. AB - Two analogues of oxytocin, [Thr4,Sar7]- and [Thr4,MeAla7]oxytocin, were synthesized and their pharmacological properties investigated. [Thr4,Sar7]oxytocin was found to exhibit high biological activity (uterotonic activity of 1174 +/- 104 and milk ejection activity of 731 +/- 57 units/mg) and high selectivity for oxytocin-like relative to vasopressin-like activities (antidiuretic activity of 0.037 +/- 0.012 unit/mg, undetectable pressor activity). [Thr4,MeAla7]oxytocin was characterized by markedly lower biological activities. In both analogues, the additivity of the effects of the residues in positions 4 and 7 of oxytocin on the biological activity of the analogues was ascertained. PMID- 6685772 TI - Freeze fracture through the cytoskeleton, nucleus and nuclear matrix of lymphocytes studied by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The technique of delaying fixation until after freeze-fracture and thawing, described in an earlier paper (Haggis & Bond, 1979), has been developed further for study of cells in culture, principally mouse lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A. Using a thin layer of cells, a cryoprotectant concentration of either 10% glycerol or dimethylsulphoxide, is sufficient to give good structural preservation after rapid freezing and thawing. Nuclear matrices and Triton permeabilized cells have been prepared from stimulated lymphocytes for comparative study. Polylysine-coated fibrin support films have been found to provide a convenient means of handling cells and subcellular preparations during freeze fracture, critical point drying and mounting for high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6685773 TI - Direct visualization of the myosin crossbridge helices on relaxed rabbit psoas thick filaments. AB - Thick filaments in relaxed, quick-frozen and freeze-etched psoas myofibrils display a prominent helical pattern of projections repeating at 43 +/- 1 nm. These helices are right-handed, and measurement of the pitch angle indicates that the thick filaments are three-stranded. Each half-turn of a helix is composed of three to five projections, 11 to 12 nm in diameter. These projections probably represent individual myosin crossbridges. This is the first direct visualization of the crossbridge helices in vertebrate striated muscle filaments whose three dimensional structure is preserved without chemical fixation. PMID- 6685775 TI - The perineal urethrotomy approach to posterior urethral valves. AB - We treated 25 patients with posterior urethral valves by a perineal urethrotomy approach that required no sophisticated radiological or endoscopic equipment. The over-all results were considered good in 17 patients (68 per cent) who had restoration of normal micturition and renal function. Of the remaining patients 4 (16 per cent) had some residual stricture that responded to urethral dilation, 2 (8 per cent) had fairly normal micturition with occasional dribbling, 1 had persistent chronic renal insufficiency despite adequate relief of obstruction and 1 died of renal failure. The results of this approach are comparable to other methods described in the literature. The method is particularly appropriate in developing countries or in centers with limited urological facilities. PMID- 6685774 TI - A six-months' follow-up study of growth, morbidity and functional immunity in low birth weight neonates with special reference to intrauterine growth retardation in small-for-gestational-age infants. PMID- 6685776 TI - Female phallic urethra and persistent cloaca. AB - Accessory phallic urethra in the female newborn with a persistent cloaca is a rare entity. We present a variant with a cloaca that contained rectal, vaginal and bladder neck openings, as well as the proximal origin of the phallic urethra. The literature is reviewed. PMID- 6685777 TI - The variable effect of posterior urethral valves as illustrated in identical twins. AB - To our knowledge, we report the second instance of posterior urethral valves in identical twin boys. Initial symptoms, age at presentation and radiographic findings were different in each boy, and reflect the varying nature of this congenital anomaly. Although the brothers are identical twins from the same environment with identical Rh and ABO blood groupings and identical HLA haplotypes, developmental differences have been marked. PMID- 6685778 TI - Experimental contagious ecthyma in mule deer, white-tailed deer, pronghorn and wapiti. AB - Hand-reared mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer fawns (Odocoileus virginianus), pronghorn fawns (Antilocapra americana) and wapiti calves (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) were exposed to contagious ecthyma lesion material obtained from Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) to determine the susceptibility and pathogenesis in these species. All four species developed mucocutaneous proliferative lesions of the oral cavity, grossly and histologically compatible with contagious ecthyma. The limited clinical responses to the virus indicated that contagious ecthyma would not seriously impact free-ranging individuals. PMID- 6685779 TI - Histomoniasis in a captive great rhea (Rhea americana). PMID- 6685780 TI - New plasminogen activator a patent hope for MI victims. PMID- 6685781 TI - Low antithrombin III in morbid obesity: return to normal with weight reduction. AB - Morbidly obese adults are at increased risk for perioperative thrombotic complications. Antithrombin III (AT III) is a major endogenous anticoagulant and its deficiency is associated with more frequent thrombotic diseases. We measured AT III quantity and function in 23 morbidly obese adults and in 19 otherwise identical people who had reduced their mean weight to 160% of ideal body weight. Both groups were compared to normal weight controls (less than 120% ideal body weight). Serum and plasma AT III function and serum AT III antigenic concentration were significantly lower in the morbidly obese people compared to the weight reduced group in all three assays. The reduced group had values within the normal range of the normal weight group. In addition, three patients studied both before and after weight loss had similar significant changes in their AT III. We conclude that AT III is reduced in morbidly obese adults and normalizes as weight is reduced. Possible mechanisms of this deficiency and therapeutic approaches are considered. PMID- 6685783 TI - Pneumatosis intestinalis and needle catheter jejunostomy: a word of caution. PMID- 6685782 TI - Red cell and plasma amino acid concentrations in renal failure. AB - Red cell and plasma amino acid concentrations were measured in nine healthy subjects, nine patients with advanced chronic renal failure, and before and after dialysis in eight patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Blood was obtained after an overnight fast except for postdialysis specimens. In red cells from the chronically uremic patients and in predialysis specimens, there was increased histidine, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, ornithine, citrulline, taurine, and N tau-methylhistidine, and an increased glycine to serine ratio. Red cell valine, tyrosine, and the ratios of tyrosine to phenylalanine and valine to glycine were decreased in the two groups. Many amino acid levels that were abnormal in red cells were also abnormal in plasma. However, several amino acids were altered in only one of these compartments. Some red cell or plasma amino acid concentrations were abnormal in the uremic or hemodialysis patients but not in both. During hemodialysis, red cell amino acids did not decrease as markedly as did the plasma concentrations. These findings indicate that in chronically uremic and hemodialysis patients there is an abnormal amino acid pattern in both red cells and plasma. Although the altered amino acid patterns in these two compartments have similarities, they are not identical. PMID- 6685784 TI - Ventriculographic findings in the convalescent stage in eleven cases with acute myocarditis. AB - In order to clarify the sequelae of 11 patients who suffered from acute myocarditis of viral origin and were diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy in the early and the convalescent stage of the disease, left ventriculograms were obtained from 17 to 167 (46.5 +/- 41.2, mean +/- SD) days after the onset of the disease were analyzed. The data were compared with the biopsy findings in the convalescent stage. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 57.5 +/- 10.8% and in 3 cases the LVEF was less than 50%. In 2 cases, apparent asyneresis was observed. In all cases coronary arteriographic findings did not show significant stenosis. It is concluded that after viral myocarditis, increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, depressed ejection fraction and asyneresis occur in some cases and it can be said that a development from myocarditis to dilated cardiomyopathy occurs. PMID- 6685785 TI - [Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with increased platelets and hypereosinophilic syndrome]. PMID- 6685787 TI - [Pancreatic blood flow in conscious dogs. II. Effects of sham-feeding and aggressory state on pancreatic blood flow]. PMID- 6685786 TI - Malignant thymoma with distant metastases: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A patient, a 46-year-old female, with a malignant thymoma spreading to the extrathoracic region is described. She underwent a thoracotomy and received radiation therapy, but the myasthenic symptoms did not disappear. A metastatic thymoma of the right mandibula was removed 9 months after thoracotomy. Further examination revealed metastatic thymomas of the bone and liver. After the operation the patient received combination chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, 6-mercaptopurine, prednisone) and remained asymptomatic for 31 months. She was found to have a metastatic thymoma in the occipital lobe of the brain 3.5 years after thoracotomy, and died from infection of the lung. Distant metastases and chemotherapy in malignant thymoma are reviewed. PMID- 6685788 TI - Cataleptic effect of histamine induced by intraventricular injection in mice. PMID- 6685789 TI - [Reversible star formation of the macula in retinal angiomatosis]. AB - Case report concerning a young man in whom exudative retinitis had occurred as a result of the A-V shunt of a retinal angioma, leading to sudden loss of vision. With argon laser and xenon arc photocoagulation a minor hemorrhage cleared up spontaneously, the retina remained attached and vision increased to 20/25 within 1 year. The authors believe that the combined photocoagulation insured an interruption of blood flow in feeder vessels and the breakdown of the intervening capillary bed. PMID- 6685792 TI - [Laser coagulation of retinal vessels with light of different wavelengths]. PMID- 6685790 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in uveitis]. AB - The serum of 63 patients suffering from various clinical types of endogenous uveitis with unknown etiology was investigated for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC). None of the patients was suffering from a systemic disease usually associated with CIC. Significantly elevated CIC levels were detected in 2 women with chronic cyclitis. One of them was also suffering from paresis of the facial nerve. The investigation reported here indicates that C1q binding CIC are of no importance in the pathogenesis of endogenous uveitis. On the one hand one should consider the possibility of local IC formation, on the other hand one should be aware of the fact that IC does not always represent a pathogenic factor but that it may also occur as a secondary phenomenon after non immunologic tissue destruction. PMID- 6685791 TI - [Recurring vitreous body hemorrhages due to a retinal vessel drawn into the vitreous body cavity]. AB - Six cases of recurrent vitreous hemorrhage are described. The hemorrhage was due to a retinal vessel rupture or injury caused by vitreous traction. The traction was exerted by the detached vitreous and the vessel drawn into its cavity without the simultaneous occurrence of a tear in the retinal area corresponding to the point of traction. The avulsed vessel was usually a small vein in the upper temporal fundus quadrant. The vessel either projected as a hooklet into the vitreous cavity or its peripheral end was found to be floating freely within the cavity after having moved away from the retina. Treatment consisted in laser coagulation alone or in conjunction with an indentation created by fixing a silicon episcleral explant. Recurrent vitreous hemorrhages caused by a retinal vessel drawn into the vitreous cavity after posterior vitreous detachment without a retinal tear have hitherto not been accorded the attention they deserve. PMID- 6685793 TI - [Morphometric study of the adrenal medulla of rats in long-term hypokinesia]. AB - Using Wood's differential staining, norepinephrine- and epinephrine-secreting cells of the adrenal medulla of 36 Wistar male rats exposed to 1 to 5.5-month hypokinesia were measured karyometrically. After 2 month hypokinesia the nuclear volume of norepinephrine-secreting cells increased significantly. After 5.5-month hypokinesia no dystrophic changes were seen in the adrenal medulla. PMID- 6685794 TI - [Effect of Eleutherococcys extract on the readaptation processes after 7-hour hypokinesia in rats]. AB - Rats were housed in small cages for 7 days and then were placed into regular cages. The hypokinetic animals lagged behind the controls in their weight gain and reached their normal weight 45 days after the exposure. The hypokinetic exposure stimulated the pituitary-adrenal system, the effect being most pronounced during the first 12 h after the experiment. The hypokinetic effect decreased the glycogen content and the hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and increased lactate dehydrogenase and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase activity. The parameters examined returned to normal 45 days after the experiment. The eleuterococcy preparation, the administration of which began immediately after the exposure, expedited the normalization of the parameters almost twofold (by day 20). PMID- 6685796 TI - Cytoplasmic progesterone receptors in the hypothalamus-preoptic area of the mouse: effect of estrogen priming. AB - A synthetic progestin, R5020, was used to identify cytoplasmic progestin receptors in the hypothalamuspreoptic area (HPOA) of ovariectomized mice. These high-affinity receptors exhibited an apparent dissociation constant of approx. 1 nM. The receptors were specific for progestins. [3H]R5020 binding was inhibited by more than 50% with a 50-fold excess of either radioinert R5020 or progesterone. 5 alpha-Dihydroprogesterone inhibited binding to a lesser extent. 3 alpha-Hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-20-one and cortisol did not compete for [3H]R5020 binding. Administration of estradiol benzoate (10 micrograms), 48 h prior to death, resulted in a 54% increase in the HPOA progestin receptor concentration when compared to oil-injected controls. These data demonstrate that there are specific and saturable cytoplasmic progestin receptors in the mouse HPOA and that the concentration of these receptors is increased after estrogen treatment. PMID- 6685795 TI - Demonstration of heavy and light protomers of human testosterone-estradiol binding globulin. AB - Human testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin (hTeBG) was purified from pregnancy serum by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. An overall purification of 2800-fold was achieved with a 27% total yield. Apparent homogeneity of the final product was shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with or without sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) at 4 degrees C for 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was estimated to be 1.94 +/- 0.95 X 10(-9) M. Analysis of the purified protein revealed microheterogeneity with regard to size on polyacrylamide gel in the presence of SDS and to charge on isoelectric focusing gels. The apparent molecular weight of native hTeBG determined by gradient gel electrophoresis was 115,000. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that hTeBG is comprised of two molecular weight components of 53,000 and 46,000, which are designated as heavy (hTeBGH) and light (hTeBGL) protomers, respectively. Photolysis of purified hTeBG with [1,2-3H]17 beta-hydroxy-4,6 androstadien-3-one [( 3H]delta 6-testosterone) resulted in specific labeling of its binding sites. Analysis of photolabeled products by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two radioactive products with electrophoretic mobilities identical to those of the hTeBGH and hTeBGL. The ratio of hTeBGH to hTeBGL was about 10:1. The H and the L protomers were separated and examined by peptide mapping using protease V8 and chymotrypsin. Comparison of the fragmentation patterns produced by these proteases revealed that hTeBGH and hTeBGL components were nearly identical. Removal of sialic acid or carbohydrate residues from hTeBG did not affect the presence of two molecular components. Isoelectric focusing of native hTeBG demonstrated three isoelectric variants with pIs at 4.75, 4.85 and 4.90. After treatment with neuraminidase and other glycosidases, only two isoelectric species were observed with more alkaline pIs. Although purified hTeBG appeared heterogeneous with regard to size and charge, it was remarkably homogeneous in its ability to absorb to Concanavalin A-Sepharose. We conclude that hTeBg, like the androgen binding proteins of the rabbit and rat, is a dimer whose monomer exhibits two protomeric forms. PMID- 6685797 TI - Steroid metabolism in human teratocarcinoma cell line PA 1. AB - Human ovarian teratocarcinoma cells of line PA 1, (Zeuthen et al., 1979[1]) used as model for early embryonic cells, were analyzed for their in vitro capacity to convert steroids. The cells were incubated for 20 h with radioactive pregnenolone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testosterone or estradiol-17 beta, or with non-radioactive progesterone, 6 alpha- or 6 beta hydroxyprogesterone, 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, dehydroepiandrosterone or estradiol-17 beta. The metabolites were analyzed by thin layer chromatography or studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicate that PA 1 cells are able to metabolize, although to a restricted amount, a variety of steroids, most markedly progesterone. The metabolites were almost exclusively found in the medium. The main metabolite of progesterone was 3 beta, 6 alpha-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one. Minor formation of progesterone from pregnenolone could be detected. Human chorionic gonadotropin did not have any effect on pregnenolone metabolism. No formation of estradiol-17 beta or estrone from dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione or testosterone could be detected. However, estradiol-17 beta was shown to be converted mainly to estrone. These findings indicate that undifferentiated PA 1 teratocarcinoma cells like certain mouse teratocarcinoma cells, seem not to be steroidogenic but are capable of metabolizing naturally occurring steroid hormones and their precursors. PMID- 6685798 TI - The offerings from the Hyperboreans. AB - The ancient Greeks believed that the fruits of agriculture could be harvested only if one first appeased the spirit of the primitive avatars from which the edible crop had been evolved over the centuries through hybridization and cultivation. On occasion, this appeasement was secured through the sacrifice of a human victim, a person who for various reasons could be considered to represent a similar primitivism. By the classical age, this extreme form of sacrificial appeasement appears to have been reserved for times of unusual crisis, such as pestilence or natural disaster, for at such times, the resurgent forces of primitivism seemed to threaten the entire civilization with regression back to its wilder origins. Other forms of appeasement were ordinarily substituted for the actual offering of a human victim. Amongst these was the enactment of puberty rites, for the natural growth and maturation of an individual could be thought to symbolize this same evolutionary process. Each infant is born as a wild creature who must develop into a socialized adult through the metaphoric death of its former self as it assumes the responsibilities of civilized life in crossing the threshold to sexual maturity. A similar symbolic victim was customarily represented by the offering of first fruits. A portion of the cultivated crop was prematurely cut and consecrated to redeem and release the ripening harvest from the dangerous contamination with the spirits of its pre-agricultural precedents. On the island of Delos, a special version of this consecration was performed. Each year, the various Greek cities would send a sheaf of unripened grain to the sanctuary of the god Apollo and his twin sister Artemis. Amongst these annual offerings, there was one that was supposed to have originated from the Hyperboreans, a mythical people who were thought to live in the original homeland of the two gods. This special Hyperborean offering differed from the others, for it was said to contain a secret item hidden within the sheaf. The mythical traditions about these Hyperboreans recalled the Hellenic peoples' Indo-European origins, back in the time before the tribal migrations that brought them eventually into the Mediterranean lands, and the secret offering pertained to Apollo's more ancient religion in that pre-Greek Hyperborean context.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6685799 TI - No adaptogen response of mice to ginseng and Eleutherococcus infusions. AB - There was no significant difference in mortality, weight gain, liquid consumed, or pathogenesis between mice ingesting four different ginseng infusions for up to 96 days, and control mice drinking distilled water. These results suggest no toxicity or tea selectivity of mice subjected to such regimens. Mice that drank concentrated Siberian ginseng wuchaseng extract with sugar showed significantly more aggressive behavior than those drinking other infusions or distilled water. However, there was no significant difference in stamina or longevity between mice drinking infusions of two preparations of Siberian ginseng, Oriental ginseng, or American ginseng, and control mice when subjected to swimming trials in cold water 38, 46 and 96 days after treatment began. Consequently, ingestion of adaptogenic glycosides did not significantly affect the survival of mice under major environmental stress. PMID- 6685800 TI - [Non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Description of a case with hypertrophy of the medioapical region of the septum and marked restriction on ventricular filling]. PMID- 6685801 TI - [Acute megakaryocytic leukemia: complete remission for more than a year using chemotherapy]. PMID- 6685803 TI - [Hepatic angiosarcoma: report of a new case]. PMID- 6685804 TI - Cis-platinum ototoxicity: clinical experience and temporal bone histopathology. AB - A clinical and pathologic study of cis-platinum ototoxicity was performed. Twenty four patients treated with cis-platinum for head and neck cancer were studied prospectively. Post cis-platinum hearing losses were subclinical, detected in 25% of patients, isolated to 4 and 8 kHz, and did not exceed 25 dB at any frequency. Temporal bones from a 9-year-old with frontal lobe astrocytoma and with cis platinum ototoxicity were studied with routine and special techniques to elucidate oto and neurotoxicity. Degenerative changes in the outer hair cells in the lower turns of the cochlea, in the spiral ganglion, and cochlear nerve were the most striking findings. PMID- 6685802 TI - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura preceding a mixed connective tissue disease]. PMID- 6685805 TI - Ethanol consumption and blood pressure. AB - Chronic ethanol consumption consistently resulted in mild hypertension in the male Wistar rats used in the present study. The ethanol-treated animals also have reduced 24-hour urinary output and significant sodium retention when compared to the controls. Total plasma volume was estimated using the technique of indicator dilution, and an increase of 20% was observed in the ethanol-treated animals. Vascular smooth muscle responsiveness to noradrenaline in vitro was not different between the two groups of animals. Therefore the blood pressure elevation in the ethanol-treated animals seems to be associated with sodium retention and plasma volume expansion, and probably is unrelated to altered vascular responsiveness. PMID- 6685806 TI - Catatonic or hypotonic immobility induced in mice by intracerebroventricular injection of mu or kappa opioid receptor agonists as well as enkephalins or inhibitors of their degradation. AB - The intracerebroventricular injections in mice of the mu receptor agonists morphine and fentanyl induced an immobility state (the animals staying motionless with the head down on a 45 degree inclined plane) which was apparently hypertonic (catatonia ?) or at least enabled them to remain hanging on a horizontal wire with their forepaws. In similar conditions, injections of the kappa receptor agonists ketocyclazocine and bremazocine induced an immobility state which was hypotonic, in contrast with the preceding one. In a similar way to the mu agonists, Met-enkephalin or Leu-enkephalin injected i.c.v. in association with the inhibitor of enkephalinase thiorphan induced an apparently hypertonic immobility which was easily antagonized by naloxone. The association of thiorphan with bestatin (an inhibitor of aminopeptidases involved in enkephalins inactivation) produced similar results. In contrast, the hypotonic immobility induced by the kappa receptor agonists required relatively high doses of naloxone to be antagonized. The opiate antagonist MR 2266 antagonized equipotent doses of all the above mentioned agents with a similar efficacy. From these data it is suggested that enkephalins could induce an apparently tonic immobility by stimulating mu receptors and that endogenous enkephalins could be involved in a tonic mediation modulating the locomotor activity or regulating the muscular tone. PMID- 6685807 TI - Propranolol withdrawal-induced supersensitivity to the chronotropic effects of isoproterenol in the conscious rabbit. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine if chronic administration and abrupt withdrawal of propranolol would induce supersensitivity to the chronotropic effects of isoproterenol in the conscious rabbit. Eight rabbits were pretreated with propranolol (40 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for one week. Dose-response curves were obtained one week prior to pretreatment and 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours after the last dose of propranolol. Isoproterenol (0.01 to 10 micrograms/kg) was injected via the marginal ear vein and heart rate was monitored continuously by recording the ECG. During the withdrawal period no significant rebound increase in basal heart rate was noted. Geometric mean ED50 values and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated and used as an index of potency. Twenty four hours after withdrawal of propranolol pretreatment, the ED50 value for isoproterenol was significantly greater than control indicating continued surmountable beta-adrenoceptor blockade. In contrast, 72 hours after withdrawal, the geometric mean ED50 value was significantly less than control. The maximum chronotropic response to isoproterenol was not found to be different from control at any time during the withdrawal period indicating that a change in responsiveness was not induced. These data are interpreted as evidence of a true supersensitivity to the chronotropic effects of isoproterenol in the conscious rabbit following propranolol withdrawal. PMID- 6685808 TI - The cholinergic system in rat striatum during morphine tolerance and dependence. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the present study to assess the effects of chronic treatment of morphine on the striatal cholinergic system. The results demonstrate that neither short nor long-term morphine treatment had an effect on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity or 3H-quinuclidinylbenzilate (3HQNB) binding in discrete striatal regions of the rat brain. PMID- 6685809 TI - Effects of acute and chronic trazodone administration on serum prolactin levels in adult female rats. AB - Trazodone was tested for its ability to elevate serum prolactin levels in mature female rats. When the drug was administered acutely to female rats at doses up to 80 mg/kg ip, it induced a clear rise in serum prolactin levels, with a minimum effective dose of 20 mg/kg; blood trazodone levels at these doses were between 1.6-2.4 micrograms/ml. However, trazodone could not be considered to be a potent stimulator of prolactin secretion, since the injection of haloperidol at 2 mg/kg elevated serum prolactin to values twice those seen in animals receiving the 80 mg/kg dose of trazodone. When trazodone was administered chronically in the diet for two or four weeks, at an average daily dose of 80 mg/kg, serum trazodone levels were found to be 100-200 ng/ml when measured at each stage of the estrous cycle. Serum prolactin levels in trazodone-treated animals, however, did not differ from those in control rats. Moreover, drug-treated animals showed normal proestrus surges in serum prolactin. The results of these studies thus indicate that acutely, at very high doses, trazodone probably can stimulate prolactin secretion modestly in female rats. However, when consumed chronically at 80 mg/kg/day, the drug has no effects on serum prolactin levels. Therefore, if trazodone stimulates prolactin secretion by altering neurotransmission across dopamine and/or serotonin synapses in brain, it is probably not potent in these actions, at least as concerns those dopamine and serotonin neurons that influence the secretion of prolactin. PMID- 6685810 TI - [Trial control by metrifonate chemotherapy of Schistosoma haematobium in a dry savannah zone in Upper Volta]. AB - Metrifonate (Bilharcil) was administered in a dose of 7,5 mg/kg, four times at 3 weeks interval to all villagers, regardless of the result of parasite examination, in order to test this treatment of urinary schistosomiasis in a hyperendemic village. On the year following the treatment, three parasite surveys were carried out. They showed a decline in the prevalence and a decrease in number of eggs excreted in the urine. The decrease rate was 91% to 94% in the 10 14 years group, the group with the highest infectivity. PMID- 6685811 TI - [Mezlocillin in serum, renal and prostatic tissue and its clinical efficacy]. PMID- 6685812 TI - Posttranslational modification of calmodulin. PMID- 6685814 TI - Observations on the chemical composition of Trichothecium roseum link determined by X-ray microanalysis and by laser microscopy. AB - In order to increase our understanding of pathogenic fungi for humans, small pieces extracted from Trichothecium roseum Link were studied, on the one hand, by X-ray microanalysis and, on the other hand, by laser microscopy. The application of these techniques in medical Mycology provides further evidence that they can be used to characterize some elements of Mendeleev's classification. PMID- 6685813 TI - Purification of plant calmodulin. PMID- 6685816 TI - [Antibodies to deoxyribonucleic acid and DNA-binding proteins in the blood sera of patients with Lamblia infection]. PMID- 6685815 TI - [Thermophilic Myceliophthora thermophila decomposes cellulose]. AB - A thermophilic microscopic fungus was isolated from cattle rumen and identified as Myceliophthora thermophila (Apinis) van Oorschot. The culture synthesized cellulolytic enzymes and xylanase when it was grown in media containing cellulase at 50 degrees C under the conditions of submerged cultivation. The morphological and physiological characteristics of the culture are described and its taxonomic position is discussed. PMID- 6685817 TI - Fc receptors for IgA and other immunoglobulins on resident and activated alveolar macrophages. AB - Alveolar macrophage (AMO) were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from mice. We have examined the surface of these cells for receptors of immune effector molecules and compared the normal resident AMO to the 'activated' cell present during extensive lung inflammation caused by the parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis 2 days after subcutaneous inoculation. As has been shown previously, the resident alveolar macrophage expresses Fc receptors for IgG (90%) and IgE (17%). We now show that a significant proportion of resident AMO possess an Fc receptor for IgA (14%) and this proportion increases to nearly 30% upon activation of the cell, coincident with an increase in release of plasminogen activator and phagocytic activity. This newly described presence of IgA receptors on AMO represents an important demonstration of potential 'arming' of these cells by the predominant antibody in mucous secretions and direct involvement of the AMO in immune mediated reactions in the lung. PMID- 6685818 TI - In vitro IgE synthesis in patients with atopic eczema. PMID- 6685819 TI - [Mortality and neurological morbidity in prematurely born infants and low birthweight infants born at term]. AB - In a follow-up study the fate and development of 245 prematures with a birthweight below 1,500 g and of 230 infants with a birth weight of 1,501-2,500 g are reported. The mortality of infants with a birthweight below 1,500 g was 29.8%, in the group of infants with higher birthweights 9.1%. The frequency of severe neurological sequelae in infants with very low birthweight was 8.2%, in the other group of infants 3.5%. Minor handicaps and developmental abnormalities were found in a frequency of 12.2%, and 4.7% respectively. These results meet the present international standard in centers for perinatal medicine. Prospective investigations are mandatory to recognize causal factors for later severe handicaps. PMID- 6685821 TI - Nasal entomophthorosis with laryngeal involvement. PMID- 6685820 TI - [A prolactin-producing microadenoma as the cause of galactorrhea and delayed puberty in an adolescent boy]. AB - The case history of a 16 years old boy with delayed puberty and the sudden onset of galactorrhea is presented. Prolactin analyses and X-ray studies of the sella turcica lead to the diagnosis of a pituitary tumor. A prolactin producing microadenoma was selectively excised via the transsphenoidal route. Serum prolactin resumed normal concentrations within hours after the operation. During the next months the boy showed the signs of normal puberty with increasing concentrations of serum testosterone. Because serum prolactin concentrations remained within the normal range, therapy with bromocriptine was not necessary. A spermiogram however, performed seven months after the operation, showed signs of a viscosipathy and terato-asthenozoospermia. PMID- 6685823 TI - Long-term sensitization to the excitatory effects of morphine. A motility study in post-dependent rats. AB - Motility effects of excitatory and depressant doses of morphine were studied in naive, dependent (20 mg/kg daily) and post-dependent (about 40 days after withdrawal) rats. Doses of 0.6 and 1.25 mg/kg of morphine produced a greater increase in activity in post-dependent than in naive rats. A 20-mg/kg dose exerted an excitatory effect in dependent rats instead of the depressant one induced in naive animals. This excitatory effect was still evident but less pronounced in post-dependent rats. The dose of 1.25 mg/kg was repeatedly challenged in post-dependent (80 mg/kg daily) rats. It was found that the increased excitatory effect of this dose persisted unchanged 160 days after ceasing treatment. The present results demonstrate that several months after the withdrawal of morphine, sensitization still exists to the excitatory effect of the drug while tolerance to the depressant action is slight or no longer present shortly after ceasing treatment. PMID- 6685822 TI - Scrapie infectivity, fibrils and low molecular weight protein. AB - The development of a short incubation model of scrapie (strain 263K), in golden hamsters has added impetus to the purification of the infectious agent. Our own attempts have been based on methods pioneered by Millson and developed by Prusiner. We present here results indicating that a purification factor of up to 10(4) with respect to protein may now be possible. Fractions from brain with high infectivity had a sedimentation range of 70-300S and contained an abundance of fibrils closely similar to the scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF) discovered by Merz et al.. Material of molecular weight (Mr) 26,000, which is probably protein, appears to be a major constituent of the fibrils. The association between infectivity and fibrils raises two possibilities: the fibrils are an infectious form of the scrapie agent or they are a pathological response to scrapie infection. PMID- 6685824 TI - Adrenaline turnover rates in the medial preoptic area and mediobasal hypothalamus in relation to the release of luteinizing hormone in female rats. AB - The turnover rates of adrenaline in the medial preoptic area and mediobasal hypothalamus, areas which, respectively, include the cell bodies and terminals of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons, have been measured in female rats on pro-oestrus, the day of the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone, and on dioestrus, the preceding day. A rise in the rate of turnover was found in the medial preoptic area coinciding with the surge of luteinizing hormone in the late afternoon of pro-oestrus; the rate of turnover at this time was higher than at the same time on dioestrus. No changes in turnover rate were found in the mediobasal hypothalamus within either of these days. The results indicate that the adrenaline-containing projections to the preoptic area may be actively involved in the production of the spontaneous preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone in rats. PMID- 6685825 TI - Amnesia-producing drugs affect hippocampal frequency potentiation. AB - The effects of intravenous injections of lorazepam, scopolamine and propranolol upon hippocampal potentiation produced by commissural stimulation have been investigated in rats anaesthetized with urethane. Administration of 250 micrograms/kg or 500 micrograms/kg lorazepam significantly delayed the onset of secondary potentiation (frequency potentiation) of the population spikes recorded in subfields CA1 and CA3 of the dorsal hippocampus. Scopolamine also delayed the onset of frequency potentiation in CA1, but only at high dose (10 mg/kg). No other measured parameters of frequency potentiation, paired-pulse potentiation or post-tetanic potentiation were affected by any of the drugs. Lorazepam (greater than or equal to 250 micrograms/kg) and propranolol (3 mg/kg) reduced the severity of hippocampal after-discharge. Rhythmic entrainment of after-discharges was occasionally observed. The results are discussed in relation to the possible link between hippocampal potentiation and memory processes. PMID- 6685826 TI - Alterations in cerebral dopamine function caused by administration of cis- or trans-flupenthixol for up to 18 months. AB - Rats received either cis-flupenthixol (0.8-1.2 mg/kg per day) or trans flupenthixol (0.9-1.2 mg/kg per day) continuously in drinking water for periods up to 18 months. cis-Flupenthixol, but not trans-flupenthixol, initially inhibited apomorphine-induced stereotyped behaviour but by 6 months and thereafter the stereotyped response was enhanced compared to age-matched control animals. Striatal and mesolimbic homovanillic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations were elevated for up to 3 months after starting cis-, but not trans-flupenthixol intake, but thereafter levels generally fell below those for age-matched control animals. Dopamine concentrations were not altered by cis- or trans-flupenthixol administration. The number of striatal [3H]spiperone binding sites (Bmax) was decreased by 40% after 1 months' administration of cis flupenthixol but this gradually reversed, such that by 18 months a 40% increase in Bmax was apparent. Administration of trans-flupenthixol decreased Bmax up to 3 months but thereafter values were not different from those found in age-matched control animals. The dissociation constant (KD) for [3H]spiperone binding in striatum was not altered by 6 months cis-flupenthixol intake, but then increased as drug administration continued. trans-Flupenthixol administration did not alter striatal KD values. Bmax for [3H]spiperone binding to mesolimbic preparations was not altered by up to 12 months cis-flupenthixol intake, but was decreased after 18 months drug administration. cis-Flupenthixol administration had no effect on mesolimbic KD values. Administration of trans-flupenthixol for up to 18 months did not alter mesolimbic Bmax or KD values for [3H]spiperone binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685827 TI - Partial complex status epilepticus. AB - We studied the clinical features, ictal manifestations, and EEG phenomena of eight patients with partial complex status epilepticus documented by video/EEG. Age at the time of status was 18 months to 56 years. All patients had had previous seizures, and seven had previous episodes of status. In three patients, status consisted of confusion associated with continuous focal electrographic ictal activity. Five patients had confusion, aphasia, motor phenomena, or automatisms associated with recurrent partial electrographic seizures. Data from 17 previously reported cases were comparable with our 8 patients. PMID- 6685828 TI - Measles, measles vaccination, and risk of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). AB - Between the years 1968 and 1979, 87 cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) appeared among the Israeli-born population. The incidence of SSPE dropped sharply in 1977, 10 years (the median age at onset of SSPE) after introduction of mass antimeasles vaccination, and remained low in 1978 and 1979. Most of the SSPE cases reported measles at an age significantly younger than that of the general population. This pattern did not change after introduction of antimeasles vaccination. Incidence was significantly lower (p less than 10(-9) in the vaccinated population than in the unvaccinated population. Occurrence of SSPE in some children who were vaccinated against measles could be explained by incomplete vaccine efficacy, or by older age at vaccination, which allows the possibility of prior exposure to measles. There was no indication that measles vaccine can induce SSPE. PMID- 6685829 TI - Intraventricular methotrexate therapy of leptomeningeal metastasis from breast carcinoma. AB - Treatment results of leptomeningeal metastasis are reported in 33 breast cancer patients. They were divided into three groups: group 1, 19 patients, received intraventricular methotrexate (MTX) with doses based on CSF MTX levels; group 2, 6 patients, received whole brain radiation followed by a course of MTX given by lumbar punctures; group 3, 8 patients, was not treated. Median survival in group 1 was 6 months; 25% survived 1 year or more. Median survival (1 to 2 months) in groups 2 and 3 was significantly shorter. Neurologic improvement was seen in an average time of 4 weeks in about 80% of group 1 patients. Two of group 2 patients improved at 3 weeks, and all group 3 patients deteriorated. Carcinomatosis caused death significantly less often in group 1 than in the other groups. PMID- 6685831 TI - Posttraumatic excessive daytime sleepiness: a review of 20 patients. AB - Twenty patients complaining of excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) secondary to significant head trauma were studied objectively. Several polygraphic recording protocols were performed over the 12-year study period. Eighteen of the 20 patients were objectively sleepy, 8 of them presented mixed sleep apnea syndrome that fragmented their sleep, 5 patients' sleep-related breathing problems improved over time, 9 patients presented daytime somnolence, and 1 reported abrupt bouts of muscle weakness and had two sleep onset rapid eye movement (REM) periods during daytime testing. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis for specific neurotransmitter metabolites' evaluation, pre- and postprobenecid, did not differentiate posttraumatic EDS patients from narcoleptics or other patients with EDS. Two patients (one with organic brain syndrome, the other depressed) reported subjective sleepiness, not confirmed by objective data. Objective testing in posttraumatic sleepiness is recommended because of the plurality of problems and medicolegal implications. PMID- 6685830 TI - The anatomic basis of pure alexia. AB - The behavioral and anatomic correlates of pure alexia were analyzed in 16 patients. Right homonymous hemianopia failed to appear in three patients, who had right achromatopsia instead. Color anomia and unilateral optic ataxia were seen in six patients. Memory defects were found in two patients. Visual agnosia was noted in two. No patient had visual disorientation. The crucial anatomic correlate of alexia was a lesion of the paraventricular white matter of the left occipital lobe, capable of compromising both interhemispheric and intrahemispheric visual pathways. The lesion associated with color anomia was in the mesial occipitotemporal junction of the left hemisphere. PMID- 6685832 TI - Granulomatous angiitis presenting as chronic meningitis and ventriculitis. AB - A 35-year-old woman had a diffuse encephalopathy with increased intracranial pressure and chronic lymphocytic meningitis. Hypoglycorrhachia and ventricular accumulation of tracer on radionuclide brain scanning suggested an infection. Cerebral cortical and leptomeningeal biopsies were done when she failed to improve with antituberculous therapy, but were not diagnostic. Granulomatous angiitis of the nervous system was diagnosed at postmortem examination and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of culture-negative chronic meningitis. PMID- 6685833 TI - Idiopathic recurrent myoglobinuria and persistent weakness. AB - The case of an adolescent with idiopathic recurrent myoglobinuria is reported. The following features are emphasized: (1) persistence of limb weakness and elevated CK levels between the attacks, (2) a constant myopathic pattern in EMG, and (3) chronic morphologic abnormalities of myopathy in two muscle biopsies. All known causes of myoglobinuria were investigated and ruled out. PMID- 6685834 TI - Abnormal visual evoked potentials in myotonic dystrophy. AB - Pattern-shift visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded in 17 patients with myotonic dystrophy. Abnormalities of latency or amplitude were found in 10 patients (59%) with no obvious retinal or other significant ocular abnormality. All patients had a visual acuity of 20/30 or better. Since most patients had bilateral VEP abnormalities, localization of the disturbance was not certain. PMID- 6685835 TI - Motor neuron disease (ALS): evaluation of detection thresholds of cutaneous sensation. AB - Cutaneous touch-pressure, vibration, and thermal cooling detection thresholds were estimated on the skin of one foot for 80 patients with motor neuron disease (MND) and compared with that of more than 300 site, age, and sex-matched healthy controls. Fourteen of the patients had elevated thresholds (greater than or equal to 95th percentile): 7 showed elevated thresholds of sensitive points, 5 an increased number of insensitive grid points, and 2 a combination of these criteria. Therefore, raised vibration thresholds occur more frequently in MND patients than in controls (p less than 0.001). A detection threshold abnormality was not demonstrated for touch-pressure or for thermal cooling. These results are in keeping with the demonstrated increased cutaneous myelinated fiber degeneration in this condition and with evidence of sensory neural system involvement at postmortem examination. Although motor neurons are selectively vulnerable in MND, afferent neurons may also be affected, albeit less frequently and/or to a lesser degree. PMID- 6685837 TI - Nearly fatal muscle carnitine deficiency with full recovery after replacement therapy. AB - A 23-year-old woman became quadriplegic and respirator-dependent after 18 years of weakness and rhabdomyolysis. Her muscle tissue and that of a deceased sister contained lipid-laden fibers. Treatment with D,L-carnitine 4 grams per day was followed by a dramatic improvement within 10 days. Muscle function was normal at 8 months and has remained so during 3 subsequent years of L-carnitine 3 grams per day. Pretreatment muscle biopsy had documented low levels of free carnitine and short-chain acylcarnitine compounds. Carnitine palmityltransferase was slightly elevated. The asymptomatic parents had low-normal muscle carnitine levels, slight increase in muscle fiber lipid droplets, osmiophilic lipid-laden Schwann's cell vacuoles, and myelin lamellae with different periodicities. PMID- 6685836 TI - Improvement of ataxic hemiparesis with trihexyphenidyl. AB - In a patient with the syndrome of crural paresis and homolateral ataxia, administration of trihexyphenidyl resulted in improvement of disabling unilateral ataxia and gross intention tremor. Symptoms returned when drug therapy was interrupted. CT showed a radiolucent lesion deep in the parietal white matter close to the internal capsule. PMID- 6685838 TI - Interaction between phenobarbital and thioridazine. AB - The effects of thioridazine (TDZ) on serum phenobarbital (PB) and phenytoin (PHT) were studied in mentally retarded persons. Persons taking these drug combinations were identified and matched on the basis of age, sex, body weight, and antiepileptic drug (AED) dosage with persons from the same population who were taking only the AEDs. Trough, steady state serum levels were obtained as part of regular AED monitoring schedules. Serum level of PB per unit dose was significantly less with concomitant administration of TDZ (100 to 200 mg/day) than when PB was given alone. This effect seemed to be TDZ dose-responsive. TDZ had no consistent effects on serum PHT. PMID- 6685839 TI - Folic acid and the nervous system. PMID- 6685840 TI - Vasopressin in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 6685841 TI - Vasculitic neuropathy in RA. PMID- 6685842 TI - Convergence spasm. PMID- 6685844 TI - PMS: an old problem for today's female worker. PMID- 6685843 TI - [Positive effects of oral contraceptives]. PMID- 6685845 TI - Immunological characterization and possible origin of plasminogen activator in human tear fluid. AB - Human tear fluid has plasminogen activator activity. The type of plasminogen activator activity in unstimulated and stimulated tears was determined, using antibodies that specifically neutralize tissue plasminogen activator or urokinase. All plasminogen activator activity was tissue plasminogen activator related in both types of tears. Correlations between activities of beta hexosaminidase, lysozyme and lactate dehydrogenase with tissue plasminogen activator activity indicate that the contribution to plasminogen activator activity of conjunctival and corneal epithelium is more important in unstimulated tears than stimulated tears. In stimulated tears the tissue plasminogen activator activity originates mainly from the lacrimal gland. It is suggested that a constant concentration of plasminogen activator is released from the lacrimal gland and that this concentration is independent of the secretion rate of tear fluid and that the release from the conjunctiva is due to desquamation of cells. PMID- 6685846 TI - Argon and krypton laser photocoagulators. PMID- 6685847 TI - Contact lenses for laser applications. AB - Contact lenses for anterior and posterior segment laser applications are described. Commercially available lenses are classified according to design, application, manufacturer and cost. PMID- 6685848 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6685850 TI - The pediatrician comes of age. PMID- 6685849 TI - [Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in systemic lupus erythematosus (successful treatment with plasma transfusion)]. PMID- 6685851 TI - The case for incorporating after TEFRA. PMID- 6685852 TI - Yersinia pseudoappendicitis--case report. PMID- 6685854 TI - Union organizing newest medical specialty? PMID- 6685855 TI - Looking ahead: medical practice in the future. PMID- 6685853 TI - Bioelectrography in cancer detection. PMID- 6685856 TI - Watch for action when recess ends. PMID- 6685857 TI - Psychiatrists and the insanity defense. PMID- 6685858 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6685859 TI - Evaluation of platelet function and the frequency of vasculo-cutaneous lesions in primary thrombocythemia. PMID- 6685861 TI - [Role of the hypophysis in adaptation of the microcirculatory system to single and repeated stress]. PMID- 6685862 TI - [Effect of hypokinesia on the indicators of the antioxidant system and free radical oxidation in rats]. PMID- 6685860 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of pain sensitivity in rats and man]. PMID- 6685863 TI - Effect of informed parental consent on mothers' knowledge of newborn screening. AB - To determine whether knowledge was improved as a result of obtaining informed consent from parents for newborn screening of their infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) and other hereditary metabolic disorders, new mothers in seven Maryland hospitals were interviewed either before receiving a standard disclosure (n = 210) or after giving consent (n = 418). The mean knowledge score of the women interviewed after giving consent was significantly higher (P less than .001). Receiving the disclosure was a more powerful predictor of knowledge score, accounting for 40% of the variance, than demographic factors, which accounted for 9%. Women whose consent was obtained just prior to discharge tended to have lower knowledge scores than women whose consent was obtained earlier (P = .03). Women with higher knowledge scores were somewhat less likely to favor consent than women with lower scores. Although consent may not be appropriate for some low risk procedures, informing parents can be easily and inexpensively accomplished. PMID- 6685865 TI - [Biochemical mechanism for extracellular proteolysis. Tissue destruction and cancer]. PMID- 6685864 TI - Fetal akinesia deformation sequence: an animal model. AB - Rat fetuses were paralyzed by daily transuterine injections of curare from day 18 of gestation until term (day 21). The following anomalies were noted at the time of delivery: multiple joint contractures, pulmonary hypoplasia, micrognathia, fetal growth retardation, short umbilical cords, and polyhydramnios. Neither sham operated nor untouched littermate control fetuses had any of these anomalies. The group of anomalies (or deformation sequence) obtained with this animal model is presumed to result from the paralytic effect of curare. This phenotype bears a striking resemblance to the syndrome of ankyloses, facial anomalies, and pulmonary hypoplasia (also known as Pena and Shokeir I), presumably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. It is suggested that this phenotype is not specific but, rather, represents a deformation sequence which results from fetal immobilization or akinesia. Diagnostic evaluation of patients with this group of anomalies should include the identification of the underlying pathologic process (etiology of the akinesia) to allow for proper classification and genetic counseling. PMID- 6685866 TI - [Spontaneous acute subdural hematoma and primary thrombocytosis in infants. Clinical case]. AB - Acute subdural hematoma in infancy and childhood is relatively rare, causes being both traumatic and atraumatic. This is a case of an infant with spontaneous acute hemorrhage, convulsion and transient idiopathic platelets elevation. A search in the literature revealed it is one of few cases of Primary Thrombocytosis of the infancy up to date described. The association between thrombocytosis and central nervous system disease is remarked. PMID- 6685867 TI - Influence of dipeptides on precipitated morphine withdrawal in the mouse. AB - Effects of various dipeptides on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal were studied in the mouse. Mice were rendered dependent on morphine by implantation of morphine pellets and the withdrawal syndrome was measured by the latency of the onset of stereotyped jumpings. In accordance with previous data, subcutaneous injection of Z-prolyl-D-leucine significantly delayed the onset of morphine withdrawal. The all-L enantiomer of the dipeptide (Z-L-prolyl-L-leucine) did not affect morphine withdrawal in the dose studied. Replacement of L-proline by L glutamate or L-pyroglutamate (Z-L-glutamyl-L-leucine and L-pyroglutamyl-L leucine) resulted in dipeptides which were more potent towards morphine withdrawal than Z-prolyl-D-leucine. Z-L-glycyl-L-proline attenuated the morphine withdrawal syndrome more effectively than Z-L-prolyl-D-leucine, but Z-L-leucyl-L glycine was ineffective in this respect. The data reveal that certain dipeptides- which in their nonprotected forms are normal sequences of endogenous peptides- affect morphine withdrawal more potently than Z-prolyl-D-leucine, a synthetic dipeptide known to attenuate morphine dependence. PMID- 6685868 TI - Neurotensin: effects of hypothalamic and intravenous injections on eating and drinking in rats. AB - To investigate a role for the brain-gut peptide neurotensin (NT) in ingestive behavior, changes in food and water intake of food-deprived rats were examined following injection of NT into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) or the mesenteric vein. Unilateral PVN NT (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 micrograms/0.3 microliter) produced substantial dose-dependent reductions in total food intake 0.5, 1, and 4 hr postinjection. In contrast, PVN NT had no effect on water intake and produced no change in grooming, rearing, sleeping, resting or locomotor activity. Bilateral PVN NT at a high dose (10.0 micrograms/side) suppressed consumption of solid or liquid diet in food-deprived rats, but did not affect water intake in water-deprived rats. This specificity is consistent with a role for CNS NT in feeding behavior. Intravenous NT (1-1000 pmole/kg/min for 30 min) did not specifically suppress food intake; however, low doses did increase water intake in food-deprived rats. These findings do not support a role for plasma NT in feeding, but do suggest that it may play a role in drinking behavior. PMID- 6685869 TI - [Analysis of the mechanisms of refractivity of the pituitary-adrenal system in rat ontogeny]. AB - In the course of postnatal ontogeny of rats, the synthesis and secretion of corticosterone after birth first decline, then increase by the 3d week of development, reaching by puberty the level seen in adult animals. During stressor stimulation with "neurogenic" stimuli (sound, swinging), the response on the part of the pituitary-adrenal system (PAS) is detectable only at the age of 3 weeks, whereas during immobilization of the animals with paw stretching and fixation it is detectable since the first day of life. The chemical stimulants of the adrenal cortex (ACTH), of the pituitary (vasopressin) and of the hypothalamus (insulin) activate the peripheral and central components of the PAS at varying age periods and to varying degree. This indicates that during early postnatal ontogenesis, the character of a stressor stimulus and line of its effect on different components of the system play the key roles. PMID- 6685870 TI - [Androgen induction of specific estrogen-binding protein of rat liver: relationship between the stage of ontogenesis and various endocrine factors]. AB - A new modification of specific estrogen-binding protein (SEBP) assay in the liver was used to measure the content of this protein at different stages of ontogenesis in male and female rats after administration of testosterone propionate (TP). It was shown that liver capability to form SEBP could be initially programmed by androgens. The crucial period of the SEBP-determining action of androgens in females is not restricted, since potential capability of androgens of primary induction of SEBP may be realized both neonatally and in the course of pubertation. The emergence of SEBP in the liver of males may be the result of natural pre(neo)natal androgenization. Androgens do not play any decisive role in the control of the level of induced SEBP, inasmuch the content of SEBP in the liver of non-pubertal and pubertal males does not appreciably change after TP administration but grows with pubescence. SEBP is capable of long term existence in the absence of androgens. The presence of the ovaries produces an inhibitory effect on the level of androgen-induced SEBP and the time of its existence after TP discontinuation. Hypophysectomy does not provoke SEBP emergence in pubertal intact and ovariectomized females but prevents its induction with androgens. Adrenal- and thyroectomy produce no influence on the SEBP-programming effect of TP or promote its spontaneous appearance in the same groups of female rats. PMID- 6685871 TI - Response to intracerebral dopamine injection as a model of schizophrenic symptomatology. PMID- 6685872 TI - Substance abuse research in monkey social groups. PMID- 6685873 TI - A comparison of three psychotomimetic-induced models of psychosis in nonhuman primate social colonies. PMID- 6685874 TI - Prospective uses of thymic hormones in cancer. PMID- 6685875 TI - Estrous cyclicity in rats fed an ethanol diet for four months. AB - This study is designed for better understanding the effect of chronic ethanol treatment on ovarian function in sexually mature rats by assessing the estrous cycle. Rats were fed the following diets for 17 weeks: a liquid diet containing 5% (w/v) ethanol, a liquid diet without ethanol (pair-fed) or laboratory chow and water ad lib. Estrous cycles were determined throughout the 17 weeks and the rats were necropsied at proestrus and metestrus. Ethanol-fed rats had significantly more irregular estrous cycles than did controls, and the duration of an estrous cycle in the ethanol-treated rats was statistically longer than that of controls. However, ovarian and uterine weights and ovarian and vaginal morphology of ethanol-fed rats were similar to those of controls. PMID- 6685876 TI - Effects of ethanol on behaviour of aggressive mice from two different strains: a comparison of simple and complex behavioural assessments. AB - The effects of acutely administered ethanol (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg IP) were studied in two strains of aggressively-rated, individually-housed male mice in encounters with non-drugged "standard opponents." Behaviour was quantified using both a complex ethological analysis of frequency of occurrence of acts and postures, and a more simplified analysis of time spent in 4 broad behavioural categories (non-social, social/sexual, aggressive and timid/defensive). The simplified analysis failed to reveal certain trends that were detected by the more complex analysis. The principal effects of alcohol on behaviour were a dose dependent suppression of aggressive activities (with no evidence of a biphasic effect), an increase in timid/defensive behaviours, and changes in many non social and social/sexual acts and postures. There were no qualitative inter strain differences, but Swiss mice were markedly more sensitive to the drug than TO mice, particularly in their non-social, aggressive and timid-defensive behaviours. Strain differences in blood alcohol levels were only apparent at the lowest dose. PMID- 6685877 TI - Disinhibition of muricide and irritability by intraseptal muscimol. AB - In two experiments we have found and replicated the observation that intraseptal muscimol profoundly facilitates muricide. It also increases irritability (response to handling). These effects are specific to aggressive behaviors in that the drug affects neither activity nor chocolate chip acceptance. The effects of the GABA synthesis inhibitor thiosemicarbazide depend upon the site of injection within the septum; in more anterior loci the drug produces the expected increase in muricide latency; in more posterior sites it produces an anomalous facilitation of muricide. The serotonergic agents quipazine and metergoline have no significant effect when injected into any of these sites. These results suggest that the septal neurons mediating the muricide-inhibitory effect of electrical stimulation [29] are subject to local, GABAergic, control. Inhibition of these neurons by muscimol produces a net disinhibition of muricide. PMID- 6685878 TI - Social isolation: effects on pain threshold and stress-induced analgesia. AB - Individually housed DBA/2 mice showed higher pain thresholds than grouped mice. Stress-induced analgesia was evident in grouped but not in isolated mice. Since also morphine injections did not result in analgesic effects in isolated mice, it is suggested that social isolation results in an increased release of opioids which may produce a decreased sensitivity at the opiate receptor level. The role of endogenous opioids in relation to social isolation is discussed. PMID- 6685880 TI - The role of endogenous opioids in the blockade of reproductive function in the rat following exposure to acute stress. AB - The present experiments investigated the involvement of endogenous opioids in the preovulatory disruption of luteinizing hormone release and ovulation following exposure to an acute stressor. The effect of exposure to an acute stressor and/or treatment with naloxone hydrochloride on the proestrus/estrus display of lordosis behavior is also reported. Electric shocks (2 mA) delivered at 10-min intervals for three hours during the period of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in adult cyclic female rats resulted in the blockage of luteinizing hormone release, decreased lordosis behavior, and inhibition of ovulation. The anti luteinizing hormone and anti-ovulatory actions were antagonized by the administration of naloxone hydrochloride shortly prior to the application of the stressor, which suggests that the observed blockage of ovulation is mediated by endogenous opioids known to be elevated in response to a stressor. It is argued that the most likely mechanism by which endogenous opioids inhibit luteinizing hormone release and ovulation is by inhibiting luteinizing hormone releasing hormone release, and/or decreasing its production in the hypothalamus. In contrast, naloxone only partially antagonizes the anti-lordotic actions of electric shock. It is therefore further argued that the inhibition of luteinizing hormone release alone is not sufficient to explain the dramatic decrease in lordosis behavior observed following exposure to an acute stressor. Adrenal progesterone released in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone release following exposure to an acute stressor, in association with inhibited luteinizing hormone releasing hormone release is hypothesized to be responsible for the observed decrease in lordotic behavior, and the inhibition of luteinizing hormone release. PMID- 6685879 TI - Amnesia attenuation specificity: propranolol reverses norepinephrine but not cycloheximide-induced amnesia. AB - Post-trial injections of norepinephrine (NE) or cycloheximide (CHX) into the amygdala produces a long-term retention deficity (amnesia) for a 1-trial footshock experience in rats. concomitant post-trial injections of the adrenergic antagonist, propranolol, prevents NE-, but not CHX-induced amnesia. These results indicate separate mechanisms of action for amnesia produced by intracranial CHX and NE injections. PMID- 6685881 TI - Comparative effects of estradiol stereoisomers on pimozide-induced catalepsy, locomotor activity and body-weight in the rat. AB - The effects of 17-alpha and 17-beta estradiol were compared at three dose levels on locomotor activity, pimozide-induced catalepsy, and changes in body weight. At 10 micrograms/kg/day they increased locomotor activity to a similar degree but at 5 and 1 microgram/kg/day the beta form was mor effective. However the alpha isomer failed to potentiate catalepsy, or reduce body weight, even at the highest dose whereas 17-beta estradiol did both. From these and other results it is suggested that estradiol might act on intracellular receptors and not by changing catecholamine metabolism. PMID- 6685882 TI - Increased susceptibility of audiogenic rats to barbital withdrawal convulsions. AB - Non-responsive progeny from Sprague-Dawley derived rats genetically susceptible to sound-induced (audiogenic) convulsions (AGS-negative) and non-responsive progeny from Sprague-Dawley derived rats not gentically susceptible to audiogenic convulsions (SD-negative) were subjected to a seven-day treatment regimen of sodium barbital. 125 mg/kg, every 12 hours. This represents a lower dose and shorter treatment period than that normally used in this laboratory to induce barbiturate dependence in rats. Animals were subjected to a 115 dB sound stimulus 38 hours following the last dose of sodium barbital. SD-negative rats did not become susceptible to sound-induced convulsions, but AGS-negative rats did experience convulsions when exposed to the sound stimulus during withdrawal. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that rats generally referred to as "audiogenic" may actually suffer from differences which result in an increase of susceptibility to seizures induced by any of several means. PMID- 6685883 TI - [Sleep-wake rhythm of normal subjects under the entrained, absolute bed-rest condition for one week]. PMID- 6685884 TI - Amphetamine alters aggressive behavior in differentially housed mice: changes in regional brain serotonin receptors. PMID- 6685886 TI - The effects of milking thrice instead of twice daily on milk secretion in the goat. AB - Milk yields of goats milked twice daily at 16/8 h intervals or 12/12 h intervals were equal. In goats normally milked twice daily at 16/8 h intervals, one mammary gland was milked thrice daily for one week while the other continued to be milked twice daily. This was done at 3, 7, 16, 24 and 33 weeks of lactation. Feeding level was maintained during these experiments. At every stage of lactation, thrice-daily milking increased milk yield (by about 8%). Stage of lactation had no effect on the size of the response. Yields of each gland increased by as much in an experiment involving thrice-daily milking both glands. Milk yield increased as soon as thrice-daily milking was started, and decreased towards normal values as soon as twice-daily milking was resumed. Milk composition during thrice-daily milking was unaffected with respect to concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl-, lactose, protein, fat and citrate. There was no change in milk yield of the gland which continued to be milked twice daily. The stimulatory effect was entirely local to the gland receiving the extra milking. Milk secretion rate during the 16 h period which included the extra milking was significantly higher during thrice-daily than during twice-daily milking; secretion rate during the rest of the day was unaffected. There were significant diurnal variations in secretion rate during thrice-daily milking such that the secretion rate during the 23.00-07.00 h period was highest and the secretion rate during the 07.00-15.00 h period was the lowest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685885 TI - How does the indoleamine production of the pineal gland respond to variations of the environment in a non-mammalian vertebrate, Testudo hermanni Gmelin? AB - The relative effects of environmental factors, photoperiod and temperature on pineal indoleamine production have been investigated in male Tortoises, Testudo hermanni, at different times of their seasonal reproductive cycle. Photoperiod appears to be an important factor in the regulation of the seasonal and diurnal variations of pineal serotonin content, while temperature has a more drastic effect on the diurnal production of melatonin. These results reinforce, at least partly, the concept that the pineal gland responds to several kinds of information about the state of the environment in order to synchronize some cyclical functions such as reproduction. PMID- 6685887 TI - Radiation injury in rat lung. III. Plasminogen activator and fibrinolytic inhibitor activities. AB - The mechanism of reduced fibrinolysis in lungs of rats whose right hemithorax had been exposed to a single dose of 25 Gy of 60Co gamma rays was determined, and fibrinolytic changes were correlated with perfusion and morphologic alterations. Reduced fibrinolytic activity in the irradiated lung was evident after 1 month, and decreased further at 2 months. From 2 to 6 months postirradiation, right lung fibrinolytic activity reached a plateau at about half of the activity in the shielded left lung or in sham-irradiated control lungs. The reduced fibrinolytic activity was largely due to decreased plasminogen activator activity, rather than to increased inhibitor activity. Changes in fibrinolytic activity of the irradiated lung closely paralleled changes in arterial perfusion. Mild ultrastructural changes in the irradiated lung (endothelial blebbing and interstitial edema) preceded fibrinolytic and perfusion defects. In contrast, marked changes such as fibrin deposition in the alveolar space and interstitial hypercellularity and fibrosis occurred after pulmonary fibrinolytic activity and perfusion were reduced. PMID- 6685888 TI - Sodium 5-(3'-pyridinylmethyl)benzofuran-2-carboxylate (U-63557A), a new, selective thromboxane synthase inhibitor: intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics in dogs and correlations with ex situ thromboxane B2 production. AB - The pharmacokinetics of a new, selective thromboxane synthase inhibitor, sodium 5 (3'-pyridinylmethyl)benzofuran-2-carboxylate were determined for single dose, bolus intravenous injections (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg); for continuous 24 hr infusions (10 and 30 micrograms/kg/min); and for oral doses of gelatin encapsulated powdered drug (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg). Drug disappeared biexponentially after intravenous administration, and plasma concentrations were proportional to the dose. Absorption of drug occurred rapidly after its oral administration; peak plasma levels occurred 1-2 hours after ingestion, and circulating drug was detectable within 30 minutes. For all experiments, inhibition of cellular thromboxane B2 production, ex situ, corresponded with plasma drug levels and its reactivation corresponded with disappearance of the drug indicating that it was not accumulated by platelets. PMID- 6685890 TI - Spectral sensitivity of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - The photopic spectral sensitivity of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, was determined using a two choice appetitive training method. The resulting curve had three maxima at around 391-473, 490-573 and 650-669 nm. Maximum sensitivity was reached with short wavelength stimuli. Thresholds for white light were also obtained. The results show that the rainbow trout has an action spectrum that is similar to that of other fresh water teleosts in similar circumstances, and that it most likely has the ability to distinguish monochromatic stimuli on the basis of wavelength. Using thresholds to white light and typical freshwater visual pigments, the form of the spectral sensitivity curve was found to be best fitted by independent receptor action at the short wavelengths and by inhibitory interaction between the green and red receptors at the longer wavelengths. PMID- 6685889 TI - Med-fly cell line: response to irradiations with fast neutrons and gamma-rays. AB - It has been observed that biological systems have different sensitivities to various radiation qualities. Moreover, the relative response depends on the dose level of the applied radiation. In this context the radiosensitivity of Med-fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied., cells, to gamma-rays and neutrons, has been tested by observing cell population growth and mortality. Fast neutron doses ranged between 1.5 and 25 rad, a region of particular interest in radiation protection studies; the 60Co gamma-ray dose values were between 300 and 5 000 rad. The experimental results show a much higher radiosensitivity of these cells to fast neutrons than to gamma-rays, and indicate a dependence of the RBE values on the neutron-dose levels. Furthermore, there was a certain dependence on radiation quality for the morphological damage. Dose-effect relationships are analyzed for both neutrons and gamma-rays and the results are discussed. PMID- 6685892 TI - The structural basis of ocular accommodation in the chick. AB - The structures involved in ocular accommodation were studied with scanning electron microscopy in 5-day old chicken. Particular attention was paid to the ciliary muscle that was found to be subdivided into an anterior and a posterior portion. Since the anterior portion inserted on the wall of canal of Schlemm, we postulate that it could somehow control the flow of aqueous humour. According to its insertions, the posterior muscle could stretch the choroid coat. Thus, changes in the refractive power of the eye would be brought about by an indirect mechanism. PMID- 6685891 TI - [Surface properties of phospholipids of the retinal rod membrane]. AB - In rod outer segments, most lipids are phospholipids. Among the fatty acid chains of these phospholipids, half are polyunsaturated. Despite their tendency to get oxidized, we have succeeded to purify those phospholipids by a preparative method and to measure their individual area-pressure isotherms at argon-water interface. The analysis of those isotherms reveals that membranes formed from these phospholipids must be highly fluid and should molecular movements in the membrane. PMID- 6685893 TI - Ionized calcium determinations in the serum of chick embryos. AB - The addition of a concentrated, calcium-equilibrated TRIS buffer to serum samples, facilitated the determination of the level of ionized calcium (iCa) without interference of pH changes due to CO2 loss. Determinations were carried on sera from chick embryos of various ages and compared with values obtained in the sera from young chicks. It was found that iCa levels in the embryos were significantly higher than those obtained in young chicks, the decrease beginning during the first day after hatching. These results help in the clarification of the mechanism(s) inducing the high calcitonin levels observed in the embryonic serum by previous authors. PMID- 6685894 TI - [Demonstration of a full crown with a diffusion chamber in the cat, for studies of dental pulp]. AB - A step-by-step technique leading to the preparation of a full-crown with diffusion chamber in the cat, is presented. The crown is built according to the routine clinical technique. The diffusion chamber is prepared and sealed with the help of a specially adapted screw. A vital stain locked in the diffusion chamber did not show any leakage in the oral cavity, even after 3 months. Such a device could easily help to study the action of toxins and isolated antigens on the animals dental pulp. PMID- 6685895 TI - The chemical composition of lymphocystis disease virus of fish. AB - After concentration with PEG-6000 and purification on a metrizamide gradient, the Lymphocystis Disease Virus (LDV) can be shown as a particle with a chemical composition of 1,6% DNA, 42,3% protein and 17,1% lipid, most of them being phospholipids. Sugars might constitute a major portion of the 39% unidentified components. PMID- 6685896 TI - Hypophysectomy decreases retinal porphyropsin in the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). AB - Hypophysectomy of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) results in a decrease in retinal porphyropsin in animals maintained for one month under continuous light. After one month in continuous darkness, retinal porphyropsin decreases to zero percent in all hypophysectomized fish. The effect of hypophysectomy is reversed by treatment with 1 mg/liter of L-thyroxine in the aquarium water for one month. The results indicate that light-induced changes in visual pigment proportions are partly dependent upon factors regulated by the pituitary. PMID- 6685897 TI - Electrogenesis of freshly explanted spontaneously active clusters of neonatal rat ventricle cells. AB - Spontaneously active explanted rat ventricle cells show 4 to 7 h after explantation fast rising TTX sensitive action potentials but 24 h after explantation, electrogenesis is determined by slow rising. Mn sensitive action potentials. Because 4 to 7 h after explantation the electrical properties of the cells resemble more those of the tissue they were derived from than of cells 24 h after explantation, we conclude that the occurrence of slow rising action potentials is not directly related to the method of tissue disintegration but develops gradually after explantation. PMID- 6685898 TI - [Selectivity of female mosquitoes (Culicidae) for their sites of oviposition: state of the question]. AB - Factors and mechanisms governing selection of oviposition sites, in natural conditions, by female mosquitoes, are not well known. Laboratory tests show that a large number of very diverse environmental factors can attract or stimulate females to oviposit at a particular site (biophysical parameters, microorganisms, decomposing organic matter of different types). Pheromones produced by eggs, larvae or nymphs, depending on genera and species, seem to play an equally active role. A critical review of the main works as well as an account and a prospective of current knowledge in this field are presented and discussed. PMID- 6685899 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children]. PMID- 6685900 TI - [Attempt to control Glossina morsitans submorsitans using screens impregnated with deltamethrin]. PMID- 6685901 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the dog liver cell after isolated liver perfusion with various cytotoxins. AB - Following isolated liver perfusion with different cytotoxins - 5-fluorouracil (5 FU), methotrexate (MTX), dacarbazine (DTIC) cis-platinum (cis-PT) - liver tissue of dogs was examined with the electron microscope (a) directly after the perfusion and (b) after a survival time of 4 weeks (5-FU and DTIC). Acute disintegration of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and depletion of the glycogen stores occurred after perfusion with 5-FU, MTX, and DTIC, while cis-PT induced disintegration of the granular endoplasmic reticulum accompanied by an accumulation of glycogen. Four weeks after perfusion with DTIC signs of remarkably increased cellular activity were observed, while 4 weeks after perfusion with 5-FU the parenchymal liver cells revealed a well-balanced and moderate recovery of the cellular structures. PMID- 6685902 TI - Regional perfusion with cis-platinum and dacarbazine. AB - In 22 patients isolated extremity perfusion with cis-platinum for treatment of malignant melanoma was performed; 18 had local metastastic disease (M. D. Anderson stages II and III A, B, AB) and four were stage I. A further five patients were submitted to isolated DTIC perfusion. DTIC-perfused tumors showed regression rates of 30%-80%, followed by recurrences within 4 months. After cis platinum perfusion stage-III AB cases tended to show tumor recurrence within 4 months, while to date stage-III A and stage-II cases have reached disease-free survival times of 17 and 20 months respectively. While in DTIC perfusion the tissue temperature may range between 40 degrees and 41 degrees C, in cis-platinum perfusions 40 degrees C should not be exceeded; otherwise neural damage will occur. PMID- 6685903 TI - Study of tetrahydrobiopterin and 6-methyltetrahydropterin on alcohol dependence in mice. AB - The literature establishes a potential link between the function of tetrahydroisoquinolines in the biological actions of alcohol and the reduced pterin cofactor needed for synthesis of certain neurotransmitters. The effect of the administration of 6-methyltetrahydropterin and tetrahydrobiopterin upon alcohol withdrawal in mice was tested. Dependence was produced by ip administration of alcohol, supplemented by alcohol delivered by a subcutaneously implanted silastic tube. Administration of the reduced pterins at relatively high doses did not reduce the magnitude of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 6685904 TI - Selenium efficiently depressed toxic side effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum. AB - Effect of selenium on toxic side effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (Cisplatin; CDDP) which is a potent anticancer drug containing platinum was examined. Remarkable protective effects of selenium against lethal and renal toxicity of CDDP were observed when selenite was administered to mice once a day after single injection of lethal dose of CDDP. On the other hand antitumor activity of CDDP was hardly depressed by selenite. PMID- 6685905 TI - [Antenatal determination of the genetic sex of amniotic fluid cells]. PMID- 6685906 TI - [Cardiomyopathies: value of echocardiography]. PMID- 6685907 TI - [Trans-atrial septectomy and mitral valve replacement in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis]. PMID- 6685908 TI - Chronogenetics and chronobiology. PMID- 6685909 TI - [Effect of different protein levels on the nutritive value of mixed diets with higher amount of soy bean protein. II. Results of the studies on protein utilization]. PMID- 6685910 TI - [Effect of different protein levels on the nutritive value of mixed diets with higher amount of soy bean protein. III. Free amino acid levels in the serum and muscles of experimental animals]. PMID- 6685911 TI - [Functional urination disorders in gynecology-obstetrics and their treatment]. PMID- 6685912 TI - Audiologic screening of seven- and ten-year-old children. AB - An audiologic screening of 1 062 ears In 7-year-old and 1 175 ears in 10-year-old children was carried out by means of pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry. New cases of sensorineural hearing loss were found in six ears (0.3%). The prevalence of protracted undiagnosed middle ear pathology was found to be 2.5 and 0.5%, in the younger vs. the older age group respectively. It is concluded that a middle ear pressure more negative than -250 mmH2O would be a suitable fail criterion for tympanometry. It is questionable, however, whether tympanometric mass screening of 7- and 10-year-olds is meaningful. It is felt that pure-tone audiometry maintains its position in the screening role. PMID- 6685913 TI - Epithelial changes of the vas deferens after vasectomy and vasovasostomy in dogs. AB - Mucosal morphology of the vas deferens was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after vasectomy and vasectomy reversal in dogs. Morphological changes occurred in the proximal (testicular) end of the vas deferens after vasectomy. Luminal dilatation, with an increase in 70% mean diameter, occurred due to build up of pressure. This resulted in flattening of the columnar cells, loss of stereocilia and presence of interspersed microvilli. The urethral portion of the vas deferens remained unchanged. Following vasovasostomy, reappearance of normal epithelial cells occurred through squamous metaplasia. Identical changes have also been observed after vasectomy in human vas deferens. It is fair to assume that similar recovery of the vasal mucosa may occur in humans after successful vasovasostomy. PMID- 6685914 TI - Evidence of hyposplenism in the presence of splenomegaly. AB - Evidence of hyposplenism (Howell-Jolly bodies, Pappenheimer bodies and nucleated red cells in the blood) was found in a patient with splenomegaly and Hb C disease. Splenic haemangiosarcoma was found at operation. Evidence of hyposplenism in the presence of a normal size or enlarged spleen should alert the physician to the possibility of a complicating factor. PMID- 6685915 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: diagnosis and therapy in 46 patients]. AB - The hematological and immunological data of 46 patients with idiopathic thrombozytopenic purpura (ITP) and their response to treatment are reported. The findings are as follows: (1) Antiplatelet antibodies (serum assays) cannot be recommended as a useful diagnostic approach in ITP. (2) Circulating immune complexes are demonstrable in 77% of our patients. (3) The bone marrow contains increased numbers of eosinophils and erythrocytes in about the half of the patients. (4) A "remission" is obtained in 50% of patients with corticosteroids and in 60-80% with splenectomy. Among the immunosuppressants, cyclophosphamide appears to be the most useful. (5) Fatal hemorrhages are very rarely seen in adults with ITP. PMID- 6685916 TI - [Prevention of vascular complications in polycythemia vera and primary thrombocythemia treated with low doses of acetylsalicylic acid]. AB - 22 patients (13 with polycythaemia vera and 9 with primary thrombocythemia) were treated with 250 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) daily for an average of 25 months. Before therapy was started, 3 patients had arterial thromboses, 3 had venous thromboses, 3 had spontaneous hemorrhage, 3 had acral circulatory disorders and 13 had dizziness, whereas under ASA treatment neither arterial nor venous thromboses occurred and only 4 mild spontaneous hemorrhages were recorded. Under ASA the circulatory disorders of the extremities disappeared completely in 11 patients and recurred intermittently in milder form in 2 patients. Dizziness was completely abolished in 12 of the 13 patients. Discontinuation of therapy was followed by prompt recurrence of symptoms. No correlation could be established between symptoms and extent of platelet disease either before or during ASA therapy. Low-dose salicylates are highly effective in the prevention and treatment of vascular complications in polycythaemia vera and primary thrombocythemia. Thanks to ASA, potentially leukemogenic cytostatic agents and radiophosphorus can be used more sparingly. PMID- 6685918 TI - Successful treatment of post-splenectomy sepsis in an 82-year-old male. AB - Six weeks after splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura an 82-year old man suddenly became drowsy with pyrexia and neck stiffness. Pneumococcal meningitis was diagnosed and treated with benzyl penicillin. Subsequently, penicillin-sensitive pneumococci (serotype 23) were isolated from both CSF and blood. He recovered fully. Review of recent literature confirms that absence of the spleen predisposes to overwhelming infection with encapsulated organisms in adults as well as in children. Use of pneumococcal vaccine would appear to be a prudent, if untested measure in all patients undergoing splenectomy. PMID- 6685917 TI - A family study of vitiligo patterns. AB - The anatomical distribution of vitiligo has been studied in families with evidence of organ-specific autoimmune disease. No examples of similar pattern inheritance were found in first degree relatives in contrast to published reports of similar vitiligo patterns in identical twins. The genetic predisposition to develop vitiligo apparently allows for a diversity of anatomical pattern. A similar mechanism may be responsible for the occurrence of different organ specific autoimmune diseases in members of the same family. PMID- 6685919 TI - Correlation of the one-minute Apgar score and the pH value of umbilical arterial blood. AB - The one-minute Apgar score, proven useful for rapid assessment of the neonate, is often poorly correlated with other indicators of intrauterine well-being. Fetal asphyxia is directly associated with neonatal acidosis. A low Apgar score in the face of normal pH and base deficit does not, therefore, indicate an asphyxiated infant. We performed a study at Vanderbilt University Hospital to ascertain the feasibility of combining the pH value of umbilical arterial blood with the one minute Apgar score for neonatal assessment. The pH values and Apgar scores were obtained on 172 singleton neonates. When the Apgar score was less than 7, over one half (56%) of the neonates had a normal pH value. Of this group 46% had undergone intubation and nasopharyngeal suctioning, procedures known to be associated with lowered Apgar scores. We recommend, therefore, that neonates with a one-minute Apgar score of less than 7 be further evaluated with umbilical arterial blood gas studies to ascertain the presence of acidosis and to differentiate between metabolic and respiratory acidosis. More precise confirmation of the diagnosis of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia, for both treatment and medicolegal purposes, is possible with this information. PMID- 6685920 TI - [Possibilities of the prognosis of a hemorrhagic syndrome in patients with hepatitis B]. PMID- 6685922 TI - Clomiphene citrate in infertility treatment. PMID- 6685921 TI - The effect of posture on the fluid content of lumbar intervertebral discs. AB - Cadaveric lumbar motion segments were creep loaded for 4 hours, and the fluid content of the intervertebral discs was measured and compared with that of unloaded discs. Half of the specimens were wedged to simulate sitting with the lumbar spine flexed, and the other half were wedged to simulate sitting or standing erect. The results showed that "flexed" discs lost more fluid, especially from the nucleus pulposus, than did the "erect" discs. It is concluded that fluid flow in flexed postures can aid the nutrition of the lumbar discs. PMID- 6685923 TI - [Postpartum sterilization with the Filshie titanium silicon rubber clip]. AB - This provisional report on 101 postpartum patients indicates that Filshie clip application to the fallopian tubes is a satisfactory method for postpartum sterilization. Particular advantages are speed and the minimal damage of tissue, with possibly the best present potential for reversal. When compared with the Vienna method of tube sterilization, however, the extra cost militates against its general application. In selective cases, such as patients with two children who request sterilization, it appears to be the best method available today. PMID- 6685924 TI - The thyrotoxicosis/thrombocytopenia connection. AB - The association between thrombocytopenia and thyrotoxicosis is well documented in the medical literature. The theories for this relationship include a common immunologic cause and a thyrotoxic-induced decrease in platelet survival. Twenty two months ago, we performed a subtotal thyroidectomy on a young woman with both disorders who was referred to us for splenectomy with the sole diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). After operation she was weaned from all medications, and she remains euthyroid. Although her platelet count has recently dropped to 80,000/mm3 after a series of upper respiratory infections, she remains free of petechiae and bleeding diathesis. She illustrates two points: thyrotoxicosis should be ruled out in all patients with ITP, and when the two diseases coexist, treatment of the thyrotoxicosis should precede splenectomy. In most instances, this will induce a remission in the ITP that may be permanent. PMID- 6685925 TI - Effects of the cytostatic drug cis-platinum on the developing neocortex of the mouse. AB - The effects of the new cytostatic drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis platinum) on the developing neocortex of NMRI mouse embryos or fetuses were investigated using light- and electron-microscopic methods. Single doses of 20 mg cis-platinum/kg were applied intraperitoneally on day 10, 11, . . ., or 16 of gestation. After treatment on day 10 or 11-i.e., during the phase of organogenesis-no morphological alterations could be detected in the neuroepithelium. However, after treatment on day 12 or later, the mitotic activity was markedly reduced and a great number of cells had become necrotic within 12-24 h after application of the drug. At the ultrastructural level, the development of necroses began with a condensation of the chromatin, culminating in the formation of large condensation plaques and shrinkage and fragmentation of the cytoplasm. The observed necroses can be classified according to Schweichel and Merker as type I necroses. It is argued that the apparent teratogenic inefficiency of cis-platinum on days 10 and 11 of murine pregnancy is caused by the inability of cis-platinum to pass the placental barrier at this stage of pregnancy. PMID- 6685927 TI - The increase of leg fibrinolytic potential after reduction of hydrostatic stimulus. AB - Eleven patients were studied sequentially from the beginning of recumbency due to trauma up to the complete mobilization. The first blood sampling was performed 12 hr to 4 days after injury, the second after 12 to 33 days of recumbency and the third after one or more months of mobilization. The blood was drawn each time before and after venous occlusion of the arm and the leg for 20 min. Fibrinolytic potential was calculated as the difference between post- and preocclusion values of plasminogen activator activity, measured with the euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) and on fibrin plates. The results showed that fibrinolytic potential of legs after the period of recumbency was approaching that of the arms, being ten times higher as measured with ECLT and five times higher as measured on fibrin plates in comparison with the period after mobilization. It was concluded that hydrostatic pressure was the main, if not the only factor responsible for the difference in the content of plasminogen activator in veins of arms and legs and their fibrinolytic potential. PMID- 6685926 TI - The stability of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). AB - Since tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) derived from tissue culture and recombinant DNA procedures has been proposed for use in thrombolytic therapy in man, it is essential that the t-PA molecule should display reasonable stability in a lyophilised state to facilitate its usefulness. In this study, four laboratories compared the potencies of three preparations of t-PA following storage at 4 degrees, 20 degrees, 37 degrees and 45 degrees C, using each t-PA stored at -20 degrees C as a reference (100% activity) in each case. A pig heart extract of t-PA was the most stable, losing no activity when stored for 30 days at 37 degrees C, while two melanoma cell tissue culture extracts varied in their storage behaviour. One was quite stable at 37 degrees C (losing about 3% of its activity) while the other lost about 16%. Thus both the pig heart t-PA and one t PA from melanoma cell culture proved suitable for the further development of reference standards for t-PA activity. PMID- 6685928 TI - Chemical binding of folic acid and methotrexate to bovine fibrinogen. AB - The binding of folic acid as a model compound and methotrexate as a representative of antifolates to bovine fibrinogen with the aid of 1-ethyl-3-(3 dimethylamino-propyl)-carbodiimide was investigated in order to study the possibility of using fibrinogen as a drug carrier. Soluble modified fibrinogen derivatives containing 0.03-0.1 mg of folic acid or methotrexate per mg of protein were obtained under optimal conditions. These derivatives retained the ability to form fibrin clot by the action of thrombin and to copolymerize with native fibrinogen to the three dimensional fibrin network. At higher concentrations of water soluble carbodiimide, higher temperature and low pH highly cross-linked derivatives of fibrinogen and folic acid (or methotrexate) were formed which were insoluble in water and salt solutions (pseudofibrin). The modified fibrin was extensively proteolytically cleaved by plasmin, pepsin, trypsin and cathepsin D, whereas the proteolysis of insoluble pseudofibrin was very slow. PMID- 6685930 TI - Circadian rhythm of electrical activity and motility of the stomach in cats and their relation to sleep--wakefulness stages. AB - Polysomnographic recordings were done over continuous 3 days together with those of electrical and mechanical activities of the stomach using chronically implanted electrodes and force-transducer in unanesthetized and unrestrained state of 4 adult cats. Circadian rhythm of the basic electric rhythm (BER) and mechanical activity in the stomach accustomed to feeding schedule of once a day was divided into the two; the fed state from the end of feeding to 8 to 11 hr later and the succeeding fasting state. However, differentiation of the fasting state into the contractile and noncontractile periods, which is known in dogs, was not evident in cats. The mean BER interval was longer and the standard deviation was smaller in the fed state than in the fasting state. Among stages of wakefulness (W), drowsiness (D), light slow wave sleep (LS), deep slow wave sleep (DS) and REM sleep, the mean BER intervals in every total time during the fed state were compared with one another. A definite unidirectional finding obtained in all 4 cats was only that the mean BER intervals in the stage D were longer significantly than those in the stage W. PMID- 6685929 TI - Comparison of plasminogen activator activity in human arteries and veins. AB - Biopsy specimens were obtained from 138 arteries and concomitant veins in different anatomic regions of both healthy subjects and patients undergoing surgery of various kinds. A fibrin slide technique was used to determine plasminogen activator (PA) activity, no significant difference being found between activity in arteries and that in veins, other than in epigastric veins where it was significantly greater. Arterial PA activity was similar in both healthy and uraemic subjects, and was unaffected by uraemia due to diabetes or other renal disorder, and by such factors as age and sex. Correlation between arterial activity and that in concomitant veins was found for all the anatomic regions studied. PMID- 6685931 TI - Water and food intakes of Canadian Holstein--Friesian cows in Ghana. AB - Measurements were made of intakes of drinking water and food dry matter of 27 lactating Holstein--Friesian cows over a two-year period. Average daily intake (kg/cow) of drinking water and dry matter were 75.4 and 16.9 respectively for animals producing 13.7 kg milk/day in an environment with a mean air temperature and a relative humidity of 26.2 degrees C and 75.7% respectively. Intake of water per kg dry matter consumed after subtracting water in milk was 5.8 kg. Milk yield was positively related to measures of water intake. Concentrate dry matter intakes above 3 and 5 kg depressed forage and total dry matter intakes respectively. It was concluded that under similar conditions supplying of 3 kg/cow/day of concentrate dry matter would maximise forage intake though not necessarily milk production; also the daily drinking water requirements can be estimated from the equation Y (kg drinking water) = 59.2 + 1.18 X (X = kg milk yield) R2 = 0.098. PMID- 6685932 TI - Polarographic assay of submicrogram quantities of cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum (II) in biological samples. AB - Differential pulse polarographic assay of the antineoplastic agent cis dichlorodiamineplatinum II and its analogues was performed after acid oxidative hydrolysis (HClO4, HNO3, HCl) of biological samples (plasma, tissue homogenates, urine) and reaction with ethylenediamine. Platinum levels and kinetics were determined in blood and urine of patients with non-oat-cell lung carcinoma. Detection limit of the polarographic assay was 0.5 ng platinum; analytical error was +/- 3%. Levels of free cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum (II) in plasma fell in samples stored at -20 degrees C; the half-life of free drug was 38 h. PMID- 6685933 TI - Mediastinal tumors: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evaluation of intermediate filaments as diagnostic aids. AB - The histogenesis of six mediastinal tumors was investigated ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically using monospecific antibodies against intermediate filament proteins. Four of the tumors, showing different appearances by light microscopy, displayed desmosomes and cytoplasmic tonofilaments, by electron microscopy, compatible with an epithelial thymoma. These cases also showed keratin positivity by immunofluorescence microscopy. One spindle cell tumor showed zonula adherens type junctions, prominent collections of intermediate filaments, and abundant cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules consistent with a neuroendocrine tumor. In this tumor, neurofilaments could be demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy, a feature also consistent with a neuroendocrine tumor. One malignant tumor, lacking tonofilaments and desmosomes but showing a few primitive junctions, did not contain keratin but showed vimentin positivity. This suggests a mesenchymal origin and a diagnosis of primitive sarcoma. These cases illustrate the diagnostic usefulness of electron microscopy and immunohistochemical evaluation of intermediate filaments. PMID- 6685935 TI - [Etiology of infections in the neonatal period]. PMID- 6685934 TI - [Bladder and urethral injuries - report of experiences]. AB - Injuries of bladder and urethra cause diagnostic and therapeutic problems to urologists and surgeons. A retrospective study of 98 patients from 1975 until 1982 with pelvic trauma and damage of the lower urinary tract is presented concerning etiology, mechanism of accident and therapeutic possibilities, as well as the analysis of 24 patients with anterior urethra damage. In all 38 cases with ruptured bladder operation was performed. 66 patients with posterior urethra damage were treated with regard to their general status. In this study conservative management with catheter or cystostomy seems to be more favourable in posterior urethra damage than primary reconstructions especially when considering the rate of urethral structure. Furthermore problems of posttraumatic difficulties with sexual potency are discussed. PMID- 6685936 TI - Traumatic rupture of female urethra. AB - Complete avulsion of the female urethra secondary to blunt trauma is uncommon. It is associated with pelvic fractures, and because of the close association of the urethra and vagina a vaginal laceration also occurs. The paucity of lesions associated with pelvic fracture may be explained by the relative mobility and shortness of the urethra in the female. The treatment of urethral trauma in females has not been established. Vaginal, transpubic, or retropubic approaches have been used successfully. We report on 3 cases of urethral trauma with anterior vaginal lacerations treated by retropubic approach with good results. PMID- 6685937 TI - Value of chest computed tomography in genitourinary malignancies. AB - Fifty-one patients with genitourinary malignancies with normal chest x-ray films all had chest computerized tomography in an attempt to detect metastatic disease. One patient with a hypernephroma and another with a bladder carcinoma had metastatic nodules detected. One patient with a testicular tumor had a histologically confirmed benign nodule. Chest computerized tomography should be performed on patients with tumors that have a high likelihood of metastasizing to the lung. PMID- 6685938 TI - [Efficacy of laser coagulation with a new ocular fixation point in the late stages of disciform macular dystrophy]. PMID- 6685939 TI - Relationship of ovarian contents to plasma progesterone concentration in the swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). AB - Using rectal palpation and laparoscopy, the relationship of ovarian contents to plasma progesterone concentration during the oestrous cycle, early pregnancy and post partum periods in the swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) was studied. During the oestrous cycle, four stages in the lifespan of the corpus luteum were seen laparoscopically. The mean (+/- sd) concentrations of progesterone in plasma in cows with and without a corpus luteum on their ovaries were 1.49 +/- 0.78 ng/ml (n = 31) and 0.14 +/- 0.09 ng/ml (n = 14), respectively. Plasma progesterone levels reflected age-dependent changes occurring in the cyclic corpus luteum. The accuracy of diagnosing ovarian contents was 82 and 91 per cent for rectal palpation and plasma progesterone levels respectively. Approximately 29 per cent follicles (larger than 10 mm) were incorrectly diagnosed as corpora lutea by rectal palpation. PMID- 6685940 TI - Scrapie in France: some possible predisposing factors in the naturally-acquired disease of sheep. AB - A nationwide survey of the occurrence of scrapie in France during the 12-year period 1968-1979 has shown the disease to be more widespread than previously thought. The data suggest that certain sheep raising practices, such as transhumance (nomadic grazing), pen and pasture alternations, and use of animals for milk production, may play a possible role in disease prevalence. PMID- 6685941 TI - [Functional state of the adrenal cortex in cancer]. PMID- 6685942 TI - A possible psychoneuroimmunologic basis for recurrent genital herpes simplex. PMID- 6685944 TI - [Antepartum and intrapartum cardiotocographic changes in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus]. AB - In 69 insulin-dependent diabetic patients antepartal as well as intrapartal CTG's were evaluated retrospectively according to Fischer and Hammacher scores, revealing a marked decrease or a lack of decelerations together with a limitation of the oscillation amplitudes in the antepartal CTG. These show a marked increase during the last weeks of pregnancy. Intrapartal decelerations similar to variable dips are far more frequent. The same alterations, though less marked, are in part also found in latent diabetics. Owing to the small number of patients, and to a lack of literature in this field, no definitive conclusion can be drawn yet. Thus, prospective studies will still have to be carried out on a larger scale. PMID- 6685943 TI - [Cardiotoxicity of fenoterol - ultramorphologic and morphometric studies of the rabbit myocardium]. AB - Beta-sympathomimetic drugs in large doses can induce necrosis of the myocardium, according to animal-experimental studies mainly with isoproterenol. In the instance of its broad clinical application in tocolysis a possible cardiotoxic effect of fenoterol has also been discussed. It was interesting to study the ultramorphologic effects of fenoterol on rabbit myocardium after a ten-day application period. These tests revealed no myocardial-toxic alterations after monotherapy or in combination with verapamil or prednisolone (applying therapy equivalent doses); a morphometric-statistical analysis confirmed these findings. PMID- 6685945 TI - [Can simple pelvic osteotomy using the Chiari or Salter technic result in labor complications?]. AB - The simple pelvic osteotomy in the techniques of Chiari and Salter respectively has become a frequently performed operation on the hip joint to improve the acetabulum in congenital hip dysplasia. Both techniques were simulated in a macerated, normally developed, natural female pelvis. Various parameters which indicate the deformation of the pelvis were measured. The results lead to the conclusion that both operations - especially when bilaterally performed - can cause changes of the birth canal which may prevent spontaneous labour. PMID- 6685946 TI - [Incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma species, Streptococci of the Lancefield group B and Candida species in newborn infants during the first week of life]. AB - In a total of 200 children born at Wurzburg University Gynecological Clinic, culture and in some cases microscopic investigations were performed in the first week of life to identify chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma species, Lancefield group B streptococci and candida species. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated in one symptom-free neonate, while ureaplasma urealyticum was found in 31 (15%) of the infants. Statistically, premature rupture was significantly more frequent (29%) in the ureaplasma-urealyticum positive group than among the ureaplasma-urealyticum-negative infants (11%) (p less than 0.05). Mycoplasma species was detected in one newborn, Lancefield group B in 3 (1.5%). In 7 of the infants (3.5%) Candida species was isolated. PMID- 6685947 TI - [ADP and collagen-induced thrombocyte aggregation in umbilical cord vein blood]. AB - ADP and collagen induced platelet aggregation were determined in 34 newborns immediately after birth. Blood was drawn from the pulsating not clamped umbilical vein. Parameters of aggregation were correlated to pH values of umbilical artery and vein, Apgar score and to the duration of the first and second stage of labor. No significant correlations were found between parameters of labor and platelet aggregation. It is demonstrated, however, that a decrease of the pH values in the umbilical artery and vein is well correlated with an increase of the main parameters of platelet aggregation. Changes of disaggregation of platelets were only moderate, they showed a tendency to decrease with falling pH values. Altogether there is an increase of platelet aggregability if pH values go down. The results emphasize that the changes of platelet function described should be regarded in the concept of therapy of newborns with severe acidosis or shock as they may accentuate preexisting hypercoagulability. PMID- 6685948 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of emesis gravidarum: perceptual and attitudinal patterns of women during early pregnancy]. AB - Eighty-one pregnant women in early pregnancy were examined with psychological tests: Semantic Differential about the perception of bearing a child and an adjusted Fishbein & Ajzen (1975) questionnaire according to perceptional and attitudinal styles related to the perceived consequences of the pregnancy. Women with Emesis Gravidarum in this population differ significantly from women without vomiting in early pregnancy in the following areas: 1. Pregnancy and its consequent life-changes are seen more positively. 2. Additional analysis shows that at the same time more frightening events are expected (in the sense, that positively evaluated events will not come true or negatively evaluated events will come true). 3. Inconsistent attitudes were observed frequently. The above mentioned characteristics allow the interpretation, that events are perceived more unrealistically in women with Emesis Gravidarum. We can conclude that coping with these life-events is more difficult for them. One possibility to express these existing conflicts is the somatic symptom of vomiting. PMID- 6685949 TI - [Epiphyseal centers in the knee area - a sonographic and radiologic comparison]. AB - In 26 cases we checked the possibility of representation and measurability of the lower femur- and upper tibia-epiphysis by ultrasound and compared it to corresponding X-ray investigations. No remarkable differences were seen between the results achieved by ultrasound or X-ray investigations concerning the size of the femur- and tibia-epiphysis on term. In the contrary we found differences in size of the epiphysis measured by ultrasound or X-ray before the 38th week of gestation. In some cases it was only possible to represent them by ultrasound alone. The reason for this phenomenon will be argued in the discussion. PMID- 6685951 TI - [Dermoid and dermal sinus]. AB - We report on a case of dermoid and asymptomatic dermal sinus both occurring in an 18-year-old man, a monozygotic twin. PMID- 6685950 TI - [Tinea barbae caused Trichophyton verrucosum]. AB - Report on a 48-year-old man, incidentally occupied as a farmer who was infected by one of his calves. Due to insufficient therapy he produced an expanded tinea barbae. PMID- 6685952 TI - [Various features of the emotional behavior of animals with pronounced alcoholic motivation]. AB - Testing of animals with different degrees of manifestation of attraction to ethanol showed that in conditions of zoosocial conflict rats--potential dipsomaniacs have less competition abilities in their struggle for the aims of biological value as compared to the rats, who are not dipsomaniacs. Their failure in a conflict situation leads to the fact, that while getting in the same or some other stress conditions for the second time, the animal fully gives up activity and makes no attempts to overcome these situations. This weak behavioural activity of such rats is based on a great tendency to the development of depressive-like state. Alcohol in certain doses (0.5 g/kg) normalizes the behaviour of rats--potential dipsomaniacs. This, probably, explains the appearance of alcoholic motivation in these animals. PMID- 6685953 TI - [Coordinated activity of limbic structures in the organization of behavioral responses]. PMID- 6685954 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effects of piracetam and aminalone in experimental neuroses in the dog]. PMID- 6685955 TI - The selenium content of edible mushrooms in Finland. AB - In this investigation the selenium contents of 142 mushroom samples were determined. The majority of the samples were wild Finnish mushroom species generally used for human consumption. The selenium contents of some cultivated mushrooms were also determined. In all, the material analyzed consisted of 38 different mushroom species. Selenium concentrations were assayed after modified wet and dry ashing, by atomic-absorption spectrometry using the hydride technique and the standard-addition procedure. The reliability of the method was tested with certified standard reference materials. The results of analysis obtained indicate that selenium contents vary considerably between different mushroom species. Of the species investigated, by far the highest selenium contents were found in Boletus edulis (mean 17 mg/kg dry weight). Other mushrooms having considerable selenium contents included Macrolepiota (5.0 mg/kg), wild Agaricus spp. (2.7 mg/kg), Gasteromycetes (1.9 mg/kg), Lactarius torminosus (1.9 mg/kg) and Marasmius oreades (1.6 mg/kg). The contents in these mushrooms are sufficient to provide an amount of selenium that is nutritionally significant in relation to the total daily intake of selenium of the Finnish population. Other edible mushrooms generally used in Finnland, e.g. species belonging to Cantharellaceae, Russula, Boletaceae (other than B. edulis) and Lactarius (other than L. torminosus) contained only small amounts of selenium. The importance of these mushrooms as a source of selenium is therefore marginal. The selenium content of Lactarius torminosus decreased by an average of 32% during the blanching necessary before consumption of these mushrooms. PMID- 6685957 TI - [Hygienic aspects of animal carcass disposal]. AB - Summarising, it can be stated that the disposal of carcases primarily represents a problem of epidemic hygiene but it also concerns fodder and food hygiene as well as the hygiene of waste water and air purity. Factories under the obligation to satisfy the sanitary demands mentioned and ensure low-cost operation at the same time, are occasionally confronted with great difficulties. In view of the present upward trend of the energy costs, these problems will not become less. PMID- 6685956 TI - [Concentration of heavy metals in brook trout in comparison to aquatic plants and sediments]. AB - From 1974 to 1977 the heavy metal content of river water, fishes (Salmo trutta fario), three aquatic plants (Cladophora glomerata, Potamogeton pectinatus, Zannichellia palustris), one river-bank plant (Phalaris arundinacea), and sediments (clay fraction) taken from the River Leine, up and downstream of Gottingen, were determined. Galvanic-bath sewage containing heavy metals caused an increase (11-60%) in the concentration of nine elements in the water. The average level of heavy metals in the river water corresponded to that of the Ems, Elbe and Weser, but was lower than that of the Neckar, Rhine and Danube. It was also below the European Community Guidelines (1975) on the quality of water used for the artificial recharging of ground water. River water upstream of the city has been used for this recharging for many years. There is a good correlation between the metal content in the investigated samples and in the water. In the muscles, only Cd, Co and Mn, in the liver Cd, Co, Cr. Hg, Mn and Zn, and in the total fish Cd, Co, Cr, Cu and Zn had increased significantly. In contrast to all other elements, Cr shows the highest concentration in the muscles. A previous accumulation of Cr in the liver is not a prerequisite for the accumulation in the muscles. Mercury shows the highest accumulation in the muscles, apparently because of the high retention rate of this element. Muscles also are a good monitor for this element. The impact of heavy metals on the Leine water was reflected in aquatic plants, which showed an increase in concentration up to 95 fold (according to metal or plant) - but not in river-bank plants. C. glomerata has the remarkable capability of accumulating all ten elements. Since P. arundinacea cannot reflect the different load of heavy metals it is therefore less suitable as a biological monitor for these metals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685958 TI - [Bacterial intrauterine and perinatal infections]. PMID- 6685959 TI - [Significance of new results in the research on human listeriosis]. AB - In former years, especially between 1963 and 1969, in the GDR the listeriosis of pregnants, prematures, and newborns played a significant role, and the infantile mortality was influenced in a most unfavourable way. Since 1970 frequency of listeriosis diminished definitely in the GDR. - We present the route of embryo infection of the most frequently occurring connatal listeriosis and the consequences there of for mother and child. - Investigations on Listeria excretion in pregnants show that 34 (= 31%) of 110 morefold examined pregnants excreted Listeria in their feces. Particularly the distribution of serovars, excretion frequency with regard to duration of pregnancy, season, as to primipara and multipara was investigated. All 34 excretors are delivered of healthy babies. A treatment with antibiotics of pregnants excreting Listeria is no longer recommended. - With reference to the epidemiology, listeriosis should be indicated as geonosis or sapronosis because the infectious reservoir is the human environment. The bacteriological diagnosis of listeriosis can be accomplished with approved and successful methods especially the storage of specimens in thioglycolat broth at + 4 degrees C over a period of 26 weeks and the cultivation on tryptose-agar with nalidixine acid and trypaflavin. - Chemotherapeutics for infected mothers, adults, and newborns are the ampicillins, the ureidopenicillins, and antibiotic-combinations (ampicillin with gentamycin). Preventive measures are especially the avoidance of dirt- and smear-infections and the contact with ill animals. In maternity hospitals infected mothers should be separated to elude hospital infections; the same request is accepted in newborn wards. PMID- 6685960 TI - Primary inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. AB - Among 2775 cases of breast cancer examined over a 10-year period, primary inflammatory carcinoma was diagnosed in 35 patients. The symptomatology, the clinical and pathological features and problems of differential diagnosis of primary inflammatory carcinoma of the breast are discussed in detail. On the basis of data in the literature and their own experience, the authors do not recommend surgical treatment of the disease. PMID- 6685961 TI - Inheritance and alcohol as factors influencing plasma uric acid levels. AB - Variation in plasma uric acid levels in 206 pairs of male and female twins, aged from 18 to 34 years, was consistent with a simple model including only individual environmental and additive genetic effects and a heritability of h2 = 0.73. Individual environmental variation was estimated to be approximately the same as variation of individuals measured on two occasions. Correlations of DZ pairs were also consistent with sex-linked genetic effects. In men there was a significant genetic correlation with weekly alcohol consumption and as much as 18% of the variation in uric acid levels could be accounted for by genetic variation in alcohol consumption. PMID- 6685962 TI - Twin concordance for a binary trait. I. Statistical models illustrated with data on drinking status. AB - A flexible method based on maximum likelihood theory is introduced for the analysis of binary response data in twins. The method allows for explanatory variables such as age and sex, is free of the untestable distributional assumption of bivariate normality of liability, and makes more efficient use of the data available. The method is illustrated with preliminary data on drinking status in adult twins. Although there is some bias in the ascertainment of male dizygous twins, the results suggest that monozygous twins are more concordant than dizygous twins for drinking status. PMID- 6685963 TI - Behavioral responses to amphetamines in identical twins. AB - Male, monozygotic twins (six pairs) were repeatedly tested before and after d amphetamine, l-amphetamine, or placebo administration. Drug effects on cognitive, psychomotor, personality, mood, and pain variables were assessed. Members of a twin pair tended to respond similarly on several tests under placebo conditions, indicating genetic determination of the behavioral variables. In addition, cotwins tended to show similar responses to amphetamine as measured by one test of cognitive function, by several mood and personality variables (hostility, autonomic arousal, friendliness, feelings of tension and loss of control), and tended to have similar plasma levels of both amphetamine isomers. Although shared environmental effects cannot be ruled out, the results are consistent with genetic mediation of a variety of behavioral effects of amphetamines. PMID- 6685964 TI - Collagen degradation in the mouse uterus during postpartum involution: extracellular pathway. AB - This study was undertaken to determine where most of the uterine collagen is degraded during the postpartum involution. The greater part of uterine collagen, which was estimated as hydroxyproline, had disappeared by day 2 post partum. Colchicine, which decreases phagocytic activity, did not affect the uterine collagen degradation. Phagocytic activity in the post partum uterus did not appear until day 3 post partum. These results suggest that most of the uterine collagen is degraded by the extracellular but not by the intracellular pathway. PMID- 6685965 TI - Experimental phenylketonuria: effect of phenylacetate intoxication on number of synapses in the cerebellar cortex of the rat. AB - In experimental phenylketonuria, induced in the rat by exposure to phenylacetate during the first 21 days of life, there was a significant reduction of boutons, a decrease of an average of 25% in the whole cerebellar molecular layer. Both the density of synaptic profiles per square unit and the number of synapses per unit volume were decreased in the phenylacetate-treated rat as compared to the age matched control. Neuronal density was unaffected. Results are interpreted to show a deficit of synapses per neuron, probably due to a decrease in synaptic formation in phenylacetate-induced phenylketonuria. Undernutrition was eliminated as a contributing factor. PMID- 6685966 TI - Foamy cells in itp spleens and in granulomas induced by murine platelets, commercialized phospholipids, and erythrocyte membrane. Histological and ultrastructural studies. AB - A large number of foamy cells were noted in the spleens from fourteen ITP patients, and two patients who received a large amount of platelet rich plasma. Using the unlabelled immunoperoxidase method, these foamy cells were shown to contain platelet antigen. Platelets in varying stages of intracellular digestion, from intact-appearing forms to myelin-like materials, were disclosed in foamy cells. Foamy cells were experimentally induced in granulomas by subcutaneous injection of platelets with or without accompanied administration of steroid, the platelets reacted with anti-murine platelet antibody, commercialized phospholipids (PE, PC, SM, PS, and the mixture of them), and the red blood cell membrane. The foamy cells induced by the subcutaneous injection of platelets are similar to those in the spleens of ITP patients. The lipid in foamy cells is chiefly derived from the membrane phospholipid of injected platelets. Concentric myelin-like materials were also noted in the foamy cells after injection of erythrocyte membrane. The myelin-like materials in these foamy cells are similar to those appearing in macrophages following injection of PC and SM. This suggests that these phospholipids derived from cell membrane are more resistant to intracellular digestion by lysosomal enzymes. We conclude that the foamy appearance of the cordal macrophage in ITP spleens results from incomplete intracellular degradation of platelet membrane. PMID- 6685967 TI - Activation of factor XII in human plasma: protection by benzamidine of the cofactor function of high molecular weight kininogen. AB - By incubation of human citrated plasma with acetone 25% v/v kallikrein inhibitors were destroyed and prekallikrein activated to kallikrein. When the incubation was carried out in the presence of benzamidine 7 mM, the cofactor capacity of high molecular weight kininogen (HMrK) was protected against destruction by a serine protease which was not plasma kallikrein. By analogy with studies in rat plasma this protease might be a plasminogen activator (Berstad & Briseid 1982; Johansen & Briseid 1983). Factor XII in the plasma preparation was activated to unfragmented factor XIIa by adsorption to kaolin, and assayed as prekallikrein activator (PKA). The extent of activation of factor XII was only insignificantly influenced by the 1 + 1 (v/v) dilution of the plasma preparation with a suspension of kaolin. When, however, the preparation was diluted greater than 1 + 5 (v/v) before incubation with the suspension, a stoichiometric HMrK concentration-effect curve could be established, allowing the assay of cofactor active HMrK. Assays of HMrK in plasma preparations from healthy men and women demonstrated an average lower level of cofactor-active HMrK in the preparations from women. It is suggested that benzamidine is not capable of providing a complete protection of HMrK during the procedure in all plasma samples. PMID- 6685968 TI - [Continuous electrocardiography in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subvalvular aortic stenosis]. PMID- 6685969 TI - Lack of direct association between serum transferrin and serum biochemical indicators of vitamin A nutriture. AB - The association between serum transferrin and serum biochemical indicators of vitamin A and protein nutriture was investigated in 295 preschool children. Their levels of retinol and RBP correlated positively and significantly with transferrin, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), total proteins and albumin. However, when removing those cases having unacceptable levels of total proteins (less than or equal to 6.4 g/dl) and/or albumin (less than or equal to 3.5 g/dl), the significant correlation between retinol (or RBP) and transferrin disappeared. It is concluded that transferrin levels are not directly related to the vitamin A nutritional status. The significance of this observation in relation to the known interaction between vitamin A and iron is discussed. PMID- 6685970 TI - Ventricular septal defect and subaortic stenosis: an analysis of 41 patients. AB - Forty-one patients with subaortic stenosis (SAS) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) were identified from the cardiac records of the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario. The diagnosis of an associated SAS was made clinically in only 1 patient, who had findings of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy with strain on the electrocardiogram. There was a delay of 3.1 years between initial presentation and detection of SAS. The SAS was not diagnosed at initial catheterization in 17 patients and was confirmed at subsequent catheter studies in 8 patients, surgery in 5 and autopsy in 4. Associated defects included coarctation of the aorta in 12 patients, mitral valve abnormalities in 4, and right-sided obstructions, including anomalous right ventricular muscle bundles in 6 patients, tetralogy in 4 and pulmonic stenosis in 1 patient. The mean gradient across the LV outflow tract was 25 mm Hg. Nineteen patients had serial catheters without intervening surgery, and the outflow gradient increased from a mean of 9 to 36 mm Hg. The mechanism of SAS consisted of fibrous diaphragm and fibromuscular obstruction in 31 cases, muscular narrowing in 4, protruding tricuspid valve leaflet in 2, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 2, anterolateral twist in 1 patient and redundant tissue tag in 1. Thirty-eight patients had a perimembranous VSD, 19 of whom had an associated so-called aneurysm of the membranous septum; 2 had an infundibular VSD and 1 patient had a central muscular defect. Although the SAS was located below the VSD in 30 cases, the associated heart failure and reduced cardiac output can mask the presence or severity of associated SAS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6685971 TI - Diurnal variations in the photoreceptor synaptic terminals of the newt retina. AB - Newt photoreceptor synaptic terminals undergo a variety of morphological changes over a 24-hr (LD 12:12) cycle. During the day, dense-cored synaptic vesicles were found to increase in number and accumulate near the synaptic lamellae; during the dark phase, the dense-cored vesicles decreased in number, while large clear vesicles and profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum increased in frequency. The most marked change in photoreceptor synaptic terminal morphology occurred after 10 hr of darkness, at 0730 hr. At this time, photoreceptor synaptic terminal cross-sectional area was found to increase dramatically. Morphometric analysis showed that the number of synaptic vesicles in these terminals remained constant throughout the day, as did the perimeter of photoreceptor terminal profiles. The observed increase in area of synaptic terminals at 0730 hr was found to be due to a decrease in the folding of the terminal plasma membrane. Qualitative observations showed endocytosis to be occurring at a rapid rate at this time as well; and since the number of synaptic vesicles and terminal perimeter did not change, exocytosis of synaptic vesicles was assumed to be occurring at an equally rapid rate. These findings support an extension to the hypothesis of Monaghan and Osborne (1975), suggesting that photoreceptor synaptic vesicles become "supercharged" with transmitter substance in the light. PMID- 6685972 TI - Vitamin A and hyperparathyroid bone disease in uremia. AB - The possible contribution of hypervitaminosis A to bone disease in uremia was examined in 50 dialysis-treated patients with end-stage chronic renal failure. None of the patients received dietary supplements of vitamin A. In common with previous investigations, plasma concentrations of total vitamin A and the retinol binding protein (RBP) were increased in patients, but the molar ratio of vitamin A to RBP was significantly lower than control values. A significant correlation was noted between concentrations in plasma of vitamin A and RBP. No significant relationship was found between vitamin A or the vitamin A/RBP ratio, and the measured biochemical, radiographic, or histological indices of hyperparathyroidism and bone resorption. We conclude that the elevated plasma values of vitamin A in uremia are largely attributable to the high concentrations of RBP and do not contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 6685974 TI - Plasma, red cell, and breast milk folacin concentrations in lactating women. AB - Folacin concentrations (Lactobacillus casei activity) in human milk, in plasma and red blood cells, and other pertinent blood values have been studied in 91 women during the 1st yr after parturition. Iron but no folic acid supplementation was given. The women were divided into three groups according to the duration of the lactation period, group A 6-greater than 12, group B 1-less than 6 and group C less than 1 month, respectively. The women in groups A, B, and C showed no signs of folacin deficiency as judged from the plasma and red cell folacin concentrations and the peripheral red blood cell picture. The folacin concentration in human milk increased during the first 3 months after parturition. Toward the end of the lactation period the folacin concentration in human milk decreased. We conclude that in this population the folacin intake is adequate to meet the increased requirements during lactation, and folic acid supplementation is therefore not recommended as a routine during lactation. The women in group A had significantly higher red cell folacin concentrations both at parturition and 12 months later than the women in group C. The study suggests a relationship between the nutritional status of the mothers and the length of the lactation period, and provide further evidence to the hypothesis that there exist regulatory mechanisms to maintain the folacin concentrations in human milk. PMID- 6685973 TI - Humoral defence factors in the breast milk of Ethiopian women with leprosy and healthy controls. AB - Secretory IgA, lactoferrin, albumin, and total protein were quantitated in colostrum and milk samples obtained from 215 Ethiopian nursing mothers over a period ranging from 1 day to 2 yr postparturition. IgG, IgM, C3, and C4 complement components were quantitated in 11 day 1 samples. The subjects were classified into three groups: lepromatous leprosy, borderline lepromatous leprosy, and a nonlepromatous group consisting of women with tuberculoid leprosy and healthy controls. Results obtained from the above groups were also compared with a group from Edinburgh. No major variation in levels of secretory IgA, lactoferrin, albumin, and total protein was found between the three groups of Ethiopian women. Results from the Edinburgh group were significantly higher, mainly in the level of total protein. When the individual proteins were expressed as a percentage of the total protein, there was no difference between the milk samples from the Ethiopian and Edinburgh mothers. PMID- 6685975 TI - Complement in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - This report describes a patient with recurrent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in whom complement activation was observed during the acute episodes. Serum C3, C4, and CH50 were reduced, and there was deposition of C3 on red cells and platelets. These findings returned to normal during clinical remission. PMID- 6685976 TI - A causal analysis of birth weight in the offspring of monozygotic twins. AB - Data were collected on the birth weights of 1,694 offspring of 385 sets of twins including 108 male and 131 female monozygotic pairs. To resolve the influence of birth order from the genetic, environmental, and maternal effects on birth weight, we analyzed the full-sib and maternal and paternal half-sib correlation matrices for birth orders one to five using a causal model that assumed each live born child had an influence on the weight of the subsequent birth. Prenatal maternal influences explained 40% of the variation in birth weight of the first born child and 52% for the fifth child; genetic or environmental factors common to monozygotic twins accounted for 72% of this effect, while environmental variables unique to individual mothers were responsible for the remaining 28%. The inclusion of a birth-order parameter resulted in a highly significant improvement in the goodness of fit of the causal model such that by the fifth child, 46% of the maternal variation could be attributed to the cumulative effects of previous live births. PMID- 6685978 TI - Premature centromere division. PMID- 6685977 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura occurs at all ages, in acute and chronic forms. Children mainly have the acute form, which usually follows a recent viral illness, occurs equally in both sexes, and generally resolves within six months. Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura occurs more often in adults, often has an insidious onset, and shows a three:one female preponderance. Both forms are now thought to be due to an antiplatelet antibody, usually of the IgG class (platelet-associated IgG), which coats autologous platelets and leads to their phagocytosis and destruction by the reticuloendothelial system. In most patients, the spleen is the major site of the production of this platelet antibody and the destruction of the platelets. Many methods have been developed to detect this antiplatelet factor in the serum and on the platelets of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Recent methods are becoming highly sensitive and may soon be simple and fast enough for routine clinical use and should significantly aid the diagnosis and management of these patients. Platelet-associated IgG levels appear significantly higher in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura than in normal subjects, and in patients with nonimmune thrombocytopenia. Higher levels are also seen in children than in adults, and in acute cases than in chronic ones. Platelet-associated IgG levels also vary inversely with platelet count and platelet life span, can predict the disease course and response to therapy, and may predict neonatal consequences of maternal idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Evidence of other alterations in immune status, as well as alterations in platelet function and HLA associations, remains controversial. Classic treatment with corticosteroids and splenectomy remains highly successful in most cases. More recent therapies include the use of immunosuppressants and alkaloid-coated platelets, plasma-exchange transfusion, and high-dose immunoglobulin. Overall, fewer than 5 percent of patients have severe hemorrhage or refractory or fatal disease. PMID- 6685979 TI - Urodynamic effects of a vaginal pessary in women with stress urinary incontinence. AB - The manner in which a vaginal pessary restores urinary continence is poorly understood. This report provides an explanation. Following placement of the vaginal pessary, detailed urodynamic studies in a group of 12 women with stress urinary incontinence demonstrated consistent and significant (p less than 0.005) increase in urethral functional length and urethral closure pressure under varying stressful conditions, when compared with prepessary studies. Postpessary stress testing also became normal (p less than 0.005). Prepessary and postpessary simultaneous voiding urethrocystometry and instrumented uroflowmetry demonstrated absence of obstruction to free flow of urine. Clinically, 10 of 12 patients became continent. Characteristic postpessary urodynamic alterations and Q-tip test changes provided an objective explanation that the vaginal pessary restored continence by stabilizing the urethra and urethrovesical junction to allow proper pressure transmission and by actively increasing urethral resistance to escape of urine under resting and stressful conditions. PMID- 6685980 TI - Schizophrenia in the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Twin Registry: a 16-year update. AB - The authors present a 16-year update on schizophrenia in the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC) Twin Registry. As of October 1981, a recorded diagnosis of schizophrenia was equally common in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. However, probandwise concordance for schizophrenia was significantly greater in monozygotic (30.9%) than in dizygotic (6.5%) twins. Biases in zygosity determination, diagnosis, or ascertainment could not plausibly explain these results. Correction for selection effects in construction of the registry produced concordance rates for schizophrenia approaching those found in previous studies. According to registry data, genetic factors appear at least as important in the etiology of schizophrenia as in several common medical conditions, including diabetes and hypertension. Results from the NAS-NRC Twin Registry support the etiologic importance of genetic factors in schizophrenia. PMID- 6685981 TI - [Isolation of allergy-producing fungi in markets in Mexico City]. PMID- 6685982 TI - Recovery of proteins on a milligram scale from polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels, exemplified by purification of a retinol-binding protein. AB - An apparatus suitable for the recovery of proteins from polyacrylamide gels on a milligram scale by displacement electrophoresis (isotachophoresis) is described along with a buffer system that is suitable for this purpose with most proteins. The technique is illustrated by the recovery of a protein from a 15% polyacrylamide gel. The recovery was almost quantitative and the eluted protein showed little contamination upon quantitative amino acid analysis and automatic Edman degradation. PMID- 6685983 TI - Clinical responses of dogs to experimentally induced Dipetalonema reconditum infection. AB - Six male and 6 female Beagles, 6 to 7 months old, were allotted to 2 groups: group I--inoculated subcutaneously with 30 Dipetalonema reconditum infective larvae/dog, and group II--noninoculated controls. Group comparisons were made in regard to hematologic values, Knott test results, body weights, blood urea nitrogen, total serum protein, serum albumin and alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase activities. Routine urinalysis data were compared at 1 week before and at 28 weeks after the inoculations. Mean total leukocyte counts were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in group I dogs than in group II dogs at postinoculation weeks (PIW) 4, 5, and 7 to 12, and mean eosinophil counts were significantly greater in group I dogs at PIW 3 to 11, 13 to 15, 20, and 23 to 24. Microfilariae were detected as early as the 10th week and sporadically thereafter. Only 1 D reconditum adult worm was recovered from all of the inoculated dogs. Five other dogs (group III) with chronic, patient experimentally induced dipetalonemiasis, were evaluated with the same tests at PIW 70 to 89. Eosinophilia (greater than 750 cells/microliter) was present in 4 of 5 dogs; lymphocytosis (greater than 4,800 cells/microliter) was evident in 1 dog. Proteinuria (greater than or equal to 30 mg/dl) was detected in 3 of 4 dogs with chronic dipetalonemiasis. PMID- 6685984 TI - [Therapeutic advances in neonatal cardiology]. PMID- 6685985 TI - Laser cyclotrabeculospasis in the system of laser treatment in glaucoma. AB - Different methods of glaucoma treatment by laser have their specific indications and taken together can be considered a kind of "system." A new method of so called laser cyclotrabeculospasis was developed for use in open-angle simple glaucoma. The anterior surface of the ciliary body (seen gonioscopically) is coagulated by a conventional (argon-gas) laser close to the scleral spur. Tractional pull onto the trabeculum and the inner wall of Schlemm's canal is a probable explanation for hypotensive effect of the procedure and the improved aqueous outflow. There is no risk of serious complications. The laser cyclotrabeculospasis was used clinically to limit the use of surgery, but potentially the method may have some advantages over therapy by drugs as well. PMID- 6685986 TI - Investigation of hirsutism: testosterone is not enough. AB - In a consecutive series of 41 hirsute women clinically classified as benign androgen excess, only 34% were found to have elevated plasma 'total' testosterone (T), 22% having subnormal sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). When expressed as the ratio T/SHBG ('free androgen index'), 85% of the patients had values above the normal range. It is concluded that this index is more reliable than total testosterone in assessing androgen status in female patients. PMID- 6685987 TI - A simple automated injection technique for the high-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of plasma retinol. AB - We describe a rapid automated method for determination of retinol in 100 microliters plasma. A lipid extract of plasma is analysed by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography using methanol-water as eluent. Automation of injection is achieved by adaptation of a Technicon AutoAnalyzer Sampler 2 coupled with a Micromedic dilution system and a pneumatically actuated loop injector. Twenty patients' specimens can be analysed in 4 hours, including extraction time, standards, and quality controls, with one extract injected every 4 minutes. PMID- 6685988 TI - Haematological and biochemical parameters in an industrial workforce. AB - Biochemical and haematological data for two consecutive years are presented on about 2000 people from the workforce of a large chemical company. The data are examined for the influence of sex, age, season, time of blood sampling, and patterns of work on the various indices. In addition to the results confirming previously published work relating to the effects of age and sex, they provide interesting new information on the possible influences of seasons and patterns of work, that is, whether the subjects were shift or day workers. Further studies on the influence of these various factors are required, and our on-going survey will perhaps provide more definite data in due course. The findings show the importance of quantifying these variables, particularly in an industrial workforce where minor changes may be of significance. PMID- 6685989 TI - Relationships between early mortality and sex ratio: changes over the last century in Italy. AB - Italy, like other industrialized countries, experienced during the last century a dramatic change in socio-economic conditions and in sanitation. In order to ascertain whether the improvement in living conditions has modified the relationships between the sex ratio at birth and selection by early mortality (stillbirth, mortality up to 1 month, mortality up to 1 year of life), the secular trends of the sex ratio in total births, in survivors up to 1 month and up to 1 year of age have been calculated for the Italian population over the last century. The results can be summarized as follows: (i) the sex ratio in total births progressively decreases; (ii) the sex ratio in survivors up to 1 year progressively increases. As a result of these two opposite trends, the difference between sex ratio at birth and after the incidence of early mortality is progressively getting smaller. PMID- 6685990 TI - Plasminogen activators and steroid receptor concentrations in normal, benign, and malignant breast and ovarian tissues. AB - The plasminogen activator (PA) activity and oestrogen and progestin receptor concentrations were determined in normal, benign and malignant tissues of human breast and ovary. The geometric mean of PA activity was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in malignant than in normal breast tissue specimens. PA activity was also higher in benign breast tumours than in normal tissue, but lower than in malignant tumours. The geometric means of PA activity in normal, benign and malignant ovarian tissue specimens differed even more clearly (analysis of variance: p less than 0.001). There was no significant correlation between PA activity and cytosol oestrogen or progestin receptor concentrations in either breast or ovarian cancer tissues. Our data confirm the finding that increased tissue PA activity is associated with human malignant breast tumours, compared with normal tissue and benign mammary lesions, and show that a similar situation prevails in human ovarian tissues. In addition, they show that the possible female sex steroid dependency of PA activity in human breast and ovarian malignancies cannot be demonstrated by cytosol receptor assays alone. PMID- 6685991 TI - [Effect of experimental cefuroxime on the immunologic reactivity of the body]. AB - The effect of ketocef or cefuroxim, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, on the immune system was studied on mice. The repeated use of the drug for 10 days a dose of 30 mg/kg injected intramuscularly did not result in suppression of the immune status. The number of the rosette forming cells of the thymus and spleen did not change. The production of hemolysin as shown by the number of the antibody forming cells somewhat increased, when the animals were immunized with the sheep red blood cells. A certain decrease in the intensity of the anaphylactic reaction was observed in sensitization of the animals with bovine serum. PMID- 6685992 TI - Pharmacokinetics of aztreonam in rabbit eyes. AB - Subconjunctival injection of 100 mg of aztreonam in rabbits with Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis produced transiently high antibiotic concentrations in most intraocular sites. Concentrations of approximately 2.5 micrograms/ml were achieved in the vitreous humor 15 min after injection and persisted for 6 h. Repeated intramuscular injections in dosages of 25 mg/kg every 4 h resulted in drug concentrations in the vitreous humor of 2.4 micrograms/ml in infected eyes. These levels might be adequate for the treatment of intraocular infections caused by highly susceptible organisms. Direct intravitreal injection of 100 micrograms of aztreonam in normal rabbit eyes produced an estimated peak concentration in the vitreous humor of 62 micrograms/ml, with a half-life of 7.5 h, which declined to 6 micrograms/ml by 48 h. The pharmacokinetic indices suggest that, like other beta-lactam antibiotics, aztreonam is eliminated from the vitreous humor by the retinal route. This novel antibiotic warrants further study of its efficacy and toxicity to determine whether it may be a useful alternative to the aminoglycosides for selected cases of ocular infection. PMID- 6685993 TI - Lack of efficacy of AMP against recrudescent genital herpes infections in guinea pigs. AB - AMP was evaluated for its efficacy against herpes simplex virus type 2 genital infections in guinea pigs. Vaginally infected animals were treated twice a day with AMP at 50 mg/kg per dose for 2 weeks. Subcutaneous doses were started 10 weeks postinfection. AMP treatment did not reduce the number of animals with recrudescent episodes when compared with saline-treated controls. In addition, AMP treatment did not reduce either the number of lesions or the duration of the recrudescent episodes which did develop. These results suggest that AMP has no effect on recrudescent herpes simplex virus type 2 vaginal infections. PMID- 6685995 TI - Diarrhetic mussel poisoning in the Netherlands related to the dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata. AB - In 1961, 1971, 1976, 1979 and 1981 several cases of mussel poisoning have been recorded in the Netherlands. During the outbreak of this phenomenon, consumers of raw or cooked mussels, Mytilus edulis, obtained from the Dutch shellfish-growing areas, showed gastrointestinal disorders. Investigations revealed that phytoplankton bloom of the dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata Claparede & Lachman preceded the mussel poisoning. After the disappearance of these dinoflagellates, the toxicity of mussels was slowly diminishing and no longer detectable after a cleansing period of about 4 weeks at 14-15 degrees C. Toxicity of mussels could easily be detected by the rat bioassay. The chemical structure of the toxin, isolated in 1981 from toxic mussels from the Dutch Waddensea has been determined in Japan as a dinophysis-type toxin. PMID- 6685994 TI - Significance of yeast peroxisomes in the metabolism of choline and ethanolamine. AB - The yeasts Candida utilis and Hansenula polymorpha were able to grow in media containing choline or ethanolamine as the sole nitrogen source. During growth in the presence of these substrates, large peroxisomes developed in the cells, and extracts of choline-grown C. utilis cells contained increased levels of amine oxidase and catalase. Incubation of whole cells with choline in the presence of the amine oxidase inhibitor aminoacetonitrile led to excretion of dimethylamine and methylamine. Cytochemical experiments in which spheroplasts prepared from choline-grown cells were incubated with CeCl3 and choline, trimethylamine, dimethylamine or methylamine revealed positively stained peroxisomes, whereas in the presence of 1 mM aminoacetonitrile staining was not observed. This indicated that choline was degraded via methylated amines and that peroxisomes played a role in its metabolism. A similar involvement of peroxisomes in choline degradation was observed in H. polymorpha. Cell-free extracts of ethanolamine grown C. utilis and H. polymorpha also contained increased levels of amine oxidase and catalase. Ethanolamine was oxidized by cell-free extracts of both organisms after growth in the presence of ethanolamine or choline. Incubation of spheroplasts of ethanolamine- or choline-grown C. utilis with CeCl3 and ethanolamine resulted in positively stained peroxisomes. In this organism peroxisomes were therefore also involved in ethanolamine degradation. PMID- 6685996 TI - Monozygotic twins discordant for cutaneous mastocytosis. PMID- 6685997 TI - Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia treated with immunoglobulin. AB - Twenty five children with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura followed from 6-96 months in 7 Italian paediatric departments were treated with high dose immunoglobulin according to a multicentre protocol. Positive responses were observed in 20 of 25 patients (80%) and negative responses in 5 of 25 (20%). On previous steroid treatment 7 of 10 positive responders were steroid resistant and 13 of 15 were steroid dependent. Within four weeks of beginning treatment 16 of 20 patients (80%) relapsed, while 4 of 20 (20%) maintained normal platelet values after 4-12 months' follow up. Statistical analysis of the platelet count on day five of treatment enabled us to divide positive responders into three groups: good, intermediate, and poor. The possible mode of action and clinical application of high dose immunoglobulin are discussed. PMID- 6685998 TI - [The problem of the false negative (superscan) in the isotopic diagnosis of prostatic neoplasms with dissemination to the bone]. PMID- 6685999 TI - Evidence for the requirement of sympathetic activity in the PGE1-induced lacrimal secretion in rabbits. AB - The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) administered either intraarterially or intravenously on basal fluid secretion from the lacrimal gland after various treatments was studied in anaesthetized rabbits. Intraarterial administration of either propranolol (1 mg/kg) or phentolamine (1 mg/kg) effectively prevented secretion induced by PGE1 but not by methacholine. Pretreatment with hexamethonium (1 mg/kg) markedly inhibited PGE1-mediated lacrimal flow whereas methacholine-induced secretion was not affected. The secretory response to PGE1 was completely blocked after section of postganglionic fibres of the ipsilateral superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. On the other hand, preganglionic sympathectomy had no effect on secretion evoked by PGE1. The effect of PGE1 was independent of the route of administration. The results are discussed in terms of stimulation of postganglionic sympathetic nerves by PGE1 to release noradrenaline. The latter, in turn, elicits fluid secretion by a process (or processes) involving activation of beta-receptors, most likely, on the secretory acinar cells. PMID- 6686001 TI - Cardioprotective actions of a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor in acute myocardial ischemia. AB - OKY-1581, a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, at an infusion rate of 1.5 mg/kg/hr inhibited the ischemia-induced increase in circulating thromboxane B2 in cats. Although OKY-1581 failed to restore the S-T segment of the electrocardiogram toward normal values after the onset of ischemia, it prevented the rise in plasma creatine kinase activity usually observed during myocardial ischemia. In addition, OKY-1581 reduced the loss of myocardial creatine kinase activity in the ischemic region of those cats treated with OKY-1581 indicating a significant cardioprotection. No significant effects of OKY-1581 were observed on heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure or the product of the two, the pressure rate index. Therefore, this agent does not protect by reducing myocardial oxygen demand. The mechanism of the protective action of OKY-1581 in acute myocardial ischemia appears to be either due to prevention of the constrictor and cytolytic actions of thromboxane A2 or to metabolic and cellular actions of OKY-1581 unrelated to thromboxane synthetase inhibition. PMID- 6686000 TI - Possible interrelationship between the biogenic amines involved in the modulation of footshock aggression in rats. AB - Dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and 4-methylhistamine facilitated whereas noradrenaline and 2-pyridylethylamine inhibited footshock aggression (FSA) in rats. Dopamine increased FSA in cyproheptadine and cimetidine but not in pimozide pretreated animals; 5-hydroxytryptamine potentiated FSA in cimetidine and pimozide but not in cyproheptadine pretreated rats; 4-methylhistamine facilitated FSA in pimozide and cyproheptadine but not in cimetidine pretreated groups. Also 2-pyridylethylamine inhibited FSA in phenoxybenzamine but not mepyramine pretreated animals. These effects were not significantly different from those seen with dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, 4-methylhistamine and 2 pyridylethylamine, alone, respectively on FSA. It is inferred that each of the neurotransmitters involved in the modulation of footshock aggression acts through an independent mechanism which is not under the regulatory control of the other. PMID- 6686003 TI - [Chlamydia infection of swine. 1. Experimental chlamydia pneumonia of swine]. PMID- 6686002 TI - Toxicity of 5-thioglucose towards a pathogenic yeast, Torulopsis glabrata. AB - 5-thioglucose (T-glc) caused premature death of T. glabrata cells after 1- and 2 day culture in defined glucose-containing medium. T-glc equilibrated with 80% of the cell water but did not accumulate in resting or growing cells. The sulfur analog had little or no effect on, 1) the rate of glucose uptake, 2) the kinetics of endogenous trehalose turnover preceding new growth, and 3) the viability of resting cells. A hallmark of cells grown in the presence of T-glc was the retention of abnormally high concentrations of glycogen after 2-day culture. Toxicity of T-glc towards Candida albicans and C. tropicalis was also indicated. PMID- 6686004 TI - [Child mortality in the Hauts de Seine district]. AB - The authors present the results of the analysis of mortality statistics among the children who were born in 1977 in the French department of Hauts-de-Seine. The data were obtained from 8th day of life health certificates, from information given by the registry office and from hospital records. The results establish the department in an excellent position: child mortality rate: 7.34%, early neonatal mortality: 2.81%, late neonatal mortality 1.45% and post-neonatal mortality: 3.08%. The causes for child mortality are analysed and suggestions concerning possible improvements are made. PMID- 6686005 TI - The antiviral compound HPA-23 can prevent scrapie when administered at the time of infection. AB - The effects of up to 12 daily doses of HPA-23 (ammonium 5-tungsto-2-antimoniate) on scrapie were studied using five experimental models of the disease, some with widely different incubation times. Treatment of animals with HPA-23, starting just before injecting scrapie, produced survivors. In some experiments, animals were fully protected against several hundred infectious units of scrapie. Treatment of animals after infection was far less effective. Prolonging the treatment for several weeks was no more effective than treating for a few days. In a very long incubation model of scrapie, the course of 12 daily doses of HPA 23 represented less than 3 per cent of the total incubation period. HPA-23 may interact with certain cells of the lymphoreticular system, preventing infection and, perhaps, the early replication of agent. PMID- 6686007 TI - Effects of oestradiol on plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone in ovariectomized ewes with clover disease. AB - The effects of oestradiol on plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were examined in 15 ovariectomized control ewes and 15 similar ewes with permanent infertility after prolonged grazing on oestrogenic clover pasture ('clover disease'). Before treatment, the plasma concentrations of LH were similar in the control and affected ewes. After intravenous injection with 40 micrograms oestradiol-17 beta during the anoestrous season, the decline in LH concentration was greater in the clover-affected ewes and the subsequent elevation above original baseline levels was smaller. After intramuscular injection with 15 or 30 micrograms oestradiol benzoate during the normal breeding season, fewer clover affected ewes showed a surge of LH, and the response was both reduced and retarded. This difference between the two groups has not been observed in studies on intact ewes, and it is suggested that in intact ewes the difference is masked by a greater tonic LH activity in affected ewes. The results of the present study are consistent with the hypothesis that prolonged exposure to oestrogenic pasture has a differentiating, or 'androgenizing' effect on the adult ewe. PMID- 6686006 TI - [Maternal cardiac arrhythmias during labor and delivery]. PMID- 6686008 TI - Revised intrauterine growth curves for an Australian hospital population. AB - Intrauterine growth curves require periodic revision because of changes in population, socio-economic factors and technology used in obstetric care. Anthropometric measurements were derived from consecutive livebirths in the Royal Women's Hospital in 1979 and all those born before 35 weeks in 1977 and 1978; at gestational ages less than 30 weeks, data previously published was also incorporated. Infants were included if an ultrasonic examination of the uterus had been performed in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy or gestation based on "certain" menstrual history was confirmed clinically. From data on 3120 infants, intrauterine growth curves from 24-42 weeks' gestation were prepared; compared with births in the same hospital in 1966, there was generally an elevation of all centiles, particularly so for the 10th centile for weight after 37 weeks' gestation. Factors in the infant such as sex and ethnic origin and also maternal factors, especially pregnancy weight and height should be considered when using standard intrauterine growth charts. PMID- 6686009 TI - Breastfeeding and oral contraceptives: Tasmanian survey. AB - A survey of 772 Tasmanian mothers was carried out to determine whether there was any connection between the mother's use of oral contraceptives and her ability to breastfeed her child. It was found that 80% of the 243 mothers combining breastfeeding with the use of oral contraceptives were able to breastfeed their children for at least 3 months. Of these, all but 15 mothers used pills containing only progestagen. It is concluded that the progestagen-only oral contraceptive is compatible with lactation and that a mother using this type of pill will probably be able to breastfeed her baby. PMID- 6686010 TI - Urethral ectopic ureter with a ureteric valve. AB - An unusual case of a urethral ectopic ureter in a girl is reported. Only the upper half of the ureter was a megaloureter, the distal half being stenosed. The appearances were consistent with the presence of a ureteric valve. PMID- 6686011 TI - [Infection with special reference to the problem of nutrition. Symposium in Augsburg, 21-22 May 1982]. PMID- 6686012 TI - [Infection from the viewpoint of the pathologist]. PMID- 6686013 TI - [Lipid metabolism and parenteral lipid administration in infection]. PMID- 6686014 TI - [Infection from the viewpoint of the infectiologist]. PMID- 6686016 TI - [Infection and blood coagulation (infection from the viewpoint of the hemostaseologist)]. PMID- 6686017 TI - [Infection from the viewpoint of the pulmonologist]. PMID- 6686018 TI - [Infection from the viewpoint of the nephrologist]. PMID- 6686015 TI - [Amino acid metabolism in infection]. PMID- 6686019 TI - [The septic disease picture from the viewpoint of the internal medicine intensive care physician]. PMID- 6686021 TI - [Infection from the viewpoint of the immunologist]. PMID- 6686020 TI - [Infection from the viewpoint of the surgical intensive care physician]. PMID- 6686022 TI - [The function of antibodies]. PMID- 6686023 TI - [Immunoglobulin therapy. Principles and clinical application. Symposium, Bonn, 17 October 1981]. PMID- 6686024 TI - [Chemical modification with beta-propiolactone as a general concept for the production of intravenously tolerable immunoglobulin preparations]. PMID- 6686025 TI - [Production and properties of a new chemically modified i.v. immunoglobulin: Polyglobin]. PMID- 6686026 TI - [Immunoglobulins for patients at risk in surgery]. PMID- 6686027 TI - [Immunoglobulin therapy in surgical patients]. PMID- 6686028 TI - [Preventive administration of immunoglobulins in bronchial carcinoma patients treated with aggressive chemotherapy]. PMID- 6686029 TI - [Reduction of the incidence of infection in polychemotherapy-treated metastatic testicular tumors using immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6686031 TI - [The clinical use of immunoglobulin preparations. Closing statement]. PMID- 6686032 TI - [The significance of carbohydrate metabolism in the development of late complications of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6686030 TI - [Successful treatment of immune thrombopenia with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6686033 TI - Tyrosine protein kinase activity in purified rat Leydig cells. AB - Tyrosine protein kinase activity has been estimated in purified testicular cells with the synthetic peptide substrate NH2-GLU-ASP-ALA-GLU-TYR-ALA-ALA-ARG-ARG-ARG GLY-COOH. High levels of enzyme specific activity (56-165 pmol/mg/min) were found in the two populations of Leydig cells isolated by Metrizamide gradient centrifugation. Some activity was also detected in germinal cells, red cells and seminiferous tubules from testis but at levels 6-20 times lower than those found in the Leydig cell fractions. Higher levels of tyrosine protein kinase specific activity were found in population I than in population II Leydig cells. PMID- 6686034 TI - A fungal cellulase shows sequence homology with the active site of hen egg-white lysozyme. AB - The N-terminal amino acid sequence of an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase from the cellulase complex of the white-rot fungus Schizophyllum commune has been determined. The sequence from Glu-33 to Tyr-51 was homologous with the active site sequences of various hen egg-white type lysozymes, including lysozyme catalytic residues (Glu-35, Asp-52) and substrate binding residue Asn-44. The homology offers evidence for a lysozyme-type mechanism in enzymic hydrolysis of cellulose. PMID- 6686035 TI - Enkephalin-mediated inhibition of forskolin-stimulated rabbit luteal adenylyl cyclase activity. AB - Forskolin at 25-100 microM elicited 10- to 15-fold stimulation of rabbit luteal adenylyl cyclase activity in the absence of guanine nucleotides. Addition of saturating concentrations of GTP or guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate [GMP-P(NH)P] inhibited forskolin stimulation by 15-25% and 35-45%, respectively, in Na+-free media. The further addition of 8 microM [D-Ala2, Met5] enkephalin amide (Da-ENK) caused an additional 16-24% inhibition of activity in the presence of GTP plus forskolin, but did not alter enzymatic activity in the presence of forskolin alone or forskolin plus GMP-P(NH)P. Inhibition by guanine nucleotide alone or Da ENK plus GTP was only observed in the presence of forskolin. Maximal inhibition by Da-ENK was observed at 25 microM forskolin. Da-ENK reduced the IC50 for GTP by 2.3-fold but did not alter the IC50 for GMP-P(NH)P. Addition of Na+ above 3 mM attenuated the inhibitory responses to GTP and GTP plus Da-ENK, but not to GMP P(NH)P or GMP-P(NH)P plus Da-ENK. Above 100 mM, Na+ inhibited enzymatic activity in the presence of forskolin, forskolin plus GTP and forskolin plus GMP-P(NH)P in the absence and presence of Da-ENK. These findings suggest that the rabbit corpus luteum contains an inhibitory receptor for opiate peptides that couples to adenylyl cyclase. PMID- 6686036 TI - Expression of microsomal and cytosolic epoxide hydrolases in cultured rat hepatocytes and hepatoma cell lines. AB - Microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity, determined using benzpyrene 4,5-oxide and styrene 7,8-oxide, increased in cultured hepatocytes compared to freshly isolated cells. In contrast, cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity, assayed using trans stilbene oxide, had decreased 80% by 24 hr and was barely detectable after 96 hr in culture. There was no difference in enzyme activity between freshly isolated hepatocytes and the two rat hepatoma cell lines McA-RH 7777 and H4-II-E, when styrene 7,8-oxide was used as substrate. However, benzpyrene 4,5-oxide hydrolase activity of the McA-RH 7777 and H4-II-E cell lines were 55 and 10%, respectively, of freshly isolated hepatocytes. These results show that hepatoma cell lines provide a suitable system for studying the regulation of both the microsomal and cytosolic epoxide hydrolase enzymes. PMID- 6686038 TI - Involvement of serotonergic receptors in endosulfan neurotoxicity. AB - Single dose of 1 and 3 mg/kg endosulfan did not show any significant effect on binding of 3H-serotonin to frontal cortical membranes as well as on foot-shock induced fighting behaviour in rats, where as repeated exposure of endosulfan (3 mg/kg for 30 days) caused a significant increase in 3H-serotonin binding. Scatchard analysis showed an increase in the affinity of the receptor (KD) in the treated animals while number of receptor sites (Bmax) remained unaltered. Long term endosulfan exposure caused aggressive behaviour (foot-shock-induced fighting behaviour) which was blocked by methysergide, a 5-HT blocker. These results indicate the involvement of serotonergic receptors in endosulfan neurobehavioral toxicity. PMID- 6686037 TI - Pertussis toxin reverses Gpp(NH)p inhibition of basal and forskolin activated adipocyte adenylate cyclase. AB - Inhibition of basal adenylate cyclase by GTP or guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate was abolished in membranes isolated from rat adipocytes previously incubated with pertussis toxin. Forskolin (0.1 microM) stimulated adenylate cyclase about 4-fold and inhibition of cyclase by GTP or guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate was also abolished by pertussis toxin treatment of rat adipocytes. Forskolin (1 microM) increased adenylate cyclase activity at least ten-fold and the inhibitory effect of GppNHp was reduced but not abolished by pertussis toxin. In rabbit adipocytes, pertussis toxin reversed the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by GppNHp to the same extent as that by GTP in the presence of 1 microM forskolin. The present results indicate that pertussis toxin can reverse the inhibition of adipocyte adenylate cyclase by nonhydrolyzable GTP analogs as well as that by GTP. PMID- 6686039 TI - Prealbumin and retinol binding protein serum concentrations in the Indiana type hereditary amyloidosis. AB - Serum prealbumin and retinol binding protein (RBP) concentrations were determined for 68 members of a kindred in Indiana with a familial type of systemic amyloidosis. Immunohistochemical studies on rectal and muscle biopsy material from individuals with this type of amyloidosis revealed staining of amyloid deposits with anti-prealbumin. Both the serum prealbumin and RBP concentrations were significantly depressed in 9 patients with amyloidosis when compared with normal controls and unaffected kin. In addition, the mean RBP serum concentration of 21 offspring of the patients with amyloidosis was significantly depressed. A more significant finding was that on the basis of the serum RBP concentrations, the offspring could be divided into 2 distinct groups. One group represented approximately 50% of the children and had serum prealbumin and RBP concentrations not significantly different from their afflicted parents. The second group had serum prealbumin and RBP concentrations not significantly different from those of normal controls and non-affected kin. These findings show that prealbumin and RBP serum concentrations are depressed in patients with the Indiana type of hereditary amyloidosis and that these serum abnormalities may be present long before development of clinical disease. They suggest that individuals with this genetic abnormality may be identified prior to clinical expression of the disease. PMID- 6686040 TI - A modification of the soxhlet apparatus for drug extraction from biological fluids. AB - The authors suggest a method to isolate drugs and toxic substances from biological fluids which appears to be of easier and better applicability than other systems, because it allows the extraction by means of a hot solvent, reduces manual operations and the waste of solvent, and shortens the time of execution for the researchers. A mathematical formula is proposed in order to evaluate the recovery-time curves of any drug shortly and with better accuracy. PMID- 6686041 TI - Effects of acrihellin on cardiac contractility in comparison to various inotropic interventions. AB - The inotropic effects of the new cardiotonic drug 3 beta,5,14-trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-bufa-20,22-dienolide-3-(3-methylcrotonate) (D 12316, acrihellin) were investigated using twitch contractions time to peak and twitch lengths did not change. Peak tension increased by 140% on an average in 12 experiments at 10(-6) mol/l (acrihellin). In the dose-response curve half maximal positive inotropism occurred at approx. 10(-7) mol/l. Experiments on length tension relationships of resting and twitch tension confirmed that resting tension does not change at any stretch length after administering acrihellin. The position Lmax of maximal twitch contraction force also was not changed but in normalized length-tension cones the positive slope region showed an increase relative to maximal tension which is a feature of positive inotropic interventions. Measurements of contractility in various external calcium solutions between 0.45 mmol/l and 7.2 mmol/l gave evidence that the response of contraction force of fibres exposed to acrihellin to variation of external calcium differs from untreated fibres which respond more strongly. This behaviour of the cardiosteroid acrihellin was very similar to that of adrenaline (epinephrine) whereas digoxin and ouabain did not affect the response of twitch force to changes in external calcium. PMID- 6686042 TI - Voltage clamp study of the action of the new cardiotonic compound acrihellin on fast and slow inward currents in cardiac Purkinje fibres. AB - The action of 3 beta,5,14-trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-bufa-20,22-dienolide-3-(3 methylcrotonate) (D 12316, acrihellin) on the fast and slow inward currents of sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres was analyzed by means of a conventional double microelectrode voltage clamp technique. Acrihellin diminished action potential duration and the plateau phase. Effective refractory periods were shortened in relation to the decrease in action potential duration. The upstroke velocity was slightly decreased; a systematic study of dV/dtmax, however, did not reveal any specific local anaesthetic side-effect of the drug. The decrease in the plateau phase of the action potential was due to a reduction in time-dependent slow inward current. The kinetics and the reversal potential of the slow inward current was not affected by acrihellin, but only the current voltage relationship, which was decreased. PMID- 6686043 TI - Dose-related pharmacokinetics of coumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin and 7 hydroxycoumarin glucuronide upon intraperitoneal administration of coumarin and 7 hydroxycoumarin in the rat. AB - Blood concentration-time data of coumarin (C), 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC) and 7 hydroxycoumarin glucuronide (7-HCG) were obtained in rats receiving intraperitoneal doses of C ranging from 2.5 to 60 mg/kg and of 7-HC ranging from 2.5 to 20 mg/kg. Coumarin blood levels were fit to pharmacokinetic models using computer programs including NONLIN, modified ESTRIP, RESID and AUCRPP. The other molecular species were treated pharmacokinetically by linear least squares regression analysis. C blood concentrations were indicated to be dose-dependent at doses greater than 10 mg/kg. Only trace amounts of 7-HC were found upon C administration, however, 7-HCG was found in measurable quantities at all dose levels. The blood concentration-time data of 7-HC and 7-HCG were very erratic with considerable intersubject variation. 7-HC levels upon 7-HC dosing were found to have extremely short half-lives of elimination for all animals tested. Deviation from linearity was apparent at the 20 mg/kg dose for 7-HC. The 7-HCG metabolite upon 7-HC dosing also showed dose-dependent kinetics at the 20 mg/kg dose. 7-HCG was found to appear at variable rates in the blood with peak times ranging from about 2 to 50 min. PMID- 6686045 TI - Influence of beclobrate and eniclobrate on cholesterol metabolism in rats. AB - Two new hypocholesterolemic compounds, ethyl-(+/-)-2-[[alpha-(p-chlorophenyl)-p tolyl]-oxy]-2-methylbutyrate (Sgd 24 774, beclobrate) and the 3-pyridinylmethyl ester (eniclobrate), have been studied in normocholesterolemic rats. The two compounds are hepatomegalic and they lower serum and liver cholesterol levels but raise liver triglyceride levels. They also reduce the percentage of esterified cholesterol present in the serum. Beclobrate enhances hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity but does not affect cholesterol-7 alpha hydroxylase. Eniclobrate, on the other hand, increases activity of the hydroxylase but not of HMG-CoA reductase. Neither compound affects cholesterol absorption. PMID- 6686044 TI - Pharmacological studies with beclobrate, a new hypolipidemic agent. AB - A new diphenylmethane derivative with potent hypolipidemic activity, ethyl-(+/-) 2-[[alpha-(p-chlorophenyl)-p-tolyl]-oxy]-2-methylbutyrate (Sgd 24774, beclobrate) has been investigated in animals. From a comparison of the ED25 values of beclobrate and clofibrate, the new drug is 11 times more potent with respect to its hypocholesterolemic activity and 36 times more hypotriglyceridemic in normally fed rats, and lowers fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia in rats 20 times as effectively as does clofibrate. On a similar basis of comparison, the hepatomegalic effect of beclobrate in rats is 22 times that of clofibrate. High doses of beclobrate did not reveal any other peripheral or central effects in a wide range of pharmacological tests, indicating a high specificity of the action of the drug on blood lipids. On the basis of the results of interaction studies performed with beclobrate in animals, administration of the substance in man should be largely free from risk. PMID- 6686046 TI - Influence of beclobrate on gallstone formation in hamsters. AB - Three groups of male Syrian hamsters were fed a lithogenic diet (L), L plus 0.04% ethyl-2-[4-(p-chlorophenyl) methylphenoxy]-2-methylbutyrate (beclobrate); or L plus 0.17% beclobrate. After 60 days, the percentage of hamsters with gallstones on the three diets was 28, 16 and 12, respectively. Biliary phospholipid was not affected, but biliary cholesterol and bile acid were reduced significantly in both test groups. PMID- 6686047 TI - Effects of two new aminoglycoside antibiotics on the rat sciatic nerve gastrocnemius muscle preparation. AB - 2'-Amino-2'-deoxy-kanamycin (bekanamycin, Kanendomycin) and pentisomicin displayed a neuromuscular blocking activity on the rat sciatic nerve gastrocnemius muscle preparation. Pentisomicin showed the highest neuromuscular blocking effect; the neuromuscular blocking potency of bekanamycin was similar to that of tobramycin, another new aminoglycoside. The neuromuscular block produced by these antibiotics was reversed by calcium chloride whereas it was not influenced by neostigmine methylsulfate. PMID- 6686048 TI - Report on subacute toxicological studies with several fluorocarbons in rats and dogs by inhalation. AB - The 90-day inhalation studies, conducted in 1975, showed that for the fluorocarbons the lowest toxic concentrations could be regarded above 5,000 ppm by volume of air (0.5% by vol.) when administered to Beagle dogs. With rats the lowest toxic concentrations were above 10,000 ppm by volume. Administration took place on 90 consecutive days for 6 h per day. PMID- 6686049 TI - [No effect of particular r-RNA fragments on cytostatic-induced myelosuppression in a rat transplanted tumor model]. AB - Particular r-RNA fragments of E. coli (BLR = Beljanski leukocyte restorer) were given together with a high dose combination chemotherapy of a transplanted neurogenic rat tumor. A restoring effect on the myelopoesis that could be exploited therapeutically was not observed after BLR. PMID- 6686050 TI - [Comparative studies on the embryotoxicity of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, mecoprop and dichlorprop in NMRI mice]. AB - From the group of herbicidal phenoxy carbonic acids, 2-methyl-4 chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA; 0-500 mg/kg), 2-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy) propionic acid (mecoprop/MCPP; 0-700 mg/kg) and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (dichlorprop/2,4-DP; 0-500 mg/kg) as well as the dextrorotatory compounds of MCPP (MCPPD; 0-500 mg/kg) and 2,4-DP (2,4-DPD; 0-500 mg/kg) were studied in NMRI mice after oral administration between days 6-15 of pregnancy. All five substances proved to be embryotoxic and teratogenic in varying intensity. MCPA proved to be most effective: it was embryotoxic from doses of 100 mg/kg and teratogenic from 200 mg/kg. The remaining compounds (MCPP, MCPPD, 2,4-DP, 2,4 DPD) were embryotoxic from doses of 300 mg/kg and caused malformations of the skeleton from 400 mg/kg. The embryocidal and teratogenic potencies of the dextrorotatory components of MCPA and 2,4-DP exceeded those of the corresponding racemates. Influences of MCPPD and 2,4-DPD upon postimplantative loses, frequency of cleft palates and wavy ribs appeared already at dosages being 100-200 mg/kg below those of the racemates given to the respective groups of experimental animals. Additional alterations of the skeleton were observed which did not occur following administration of the racemic mixtures: deformed centrums of thoracic vertebra and exencephaly. PMID- 6686052 TI - The pharmacokinetics of ameziniummetilsulfate in man. Single and repetitive oral administration of a therapeutically effective dose. AB - The pharmacokinetics of the antihypotensive drug 4-amino-6-methoxy-1-phenyl pyridazinium methyl sulfate (ameziniummetilsulfate, LU 1631, Regulton), in the following briefly called amezinium, has been investigated in 8 healthy volunteers. Plasma concentrations were determined by means of a high pressure liquid chromatographic method after single oral administration of a therapeutic dose (10 mg), during repetitive dosing (10 mg b.i.d., 13 days) and following the last dose. The results demonstrate for amezinium rapid absorption (half-life about 0.6 h), good tissue penetration (distribution) with about 3.0 h half-life and comparably slow elimination (half-life about 12.0 h). Considering the results before and after multiple dosing and those of earlier studies (using higher dosages), none of the kinetic parameters showed any indication of dose dependency or changes by chronic dosing. These properties and the characteristics of amezinium with respect to absorption, bioavailability and elimination are considered favourable for safe and effective handling of the drug. PMID- 6686053 TI - [Biologic availability of diflucortolone-21-valerate in human skin]. AB - The concentration of diflucortolone-21-valerate (DFV) in the different layers of human skin was investigated after topical application of Nerisona (0.1%) as a function of the formulation (fatty ointment, ointment and creme), of the duration of exposition and of the condition of the skin. From all galenic formulations DFV penetrated rapidly into the horny layer. Mean highest concentrations were determined 4 h after application with approx. 300 micrograms/ml (ca. 600 mumol/l) after treatment with fatty ointment and ointment and with approx. 500 micrograms/ml (ca. 1000 mumol/l) after treatment with the cream. The corticoid concentration decreased in the horny layer from distal to proximal by 1.5 to 2 decades. After application to damaged skin - as a model for diseased skin - the local corticoid concentrations in all skin layers were distinctly higher than after application to intact skin at all time points investigated. DFV penetrates selectively into the damaged skin. The systemic load caused by percutaneous absorption through intact skin is neglectable. PMID- 6686054 TI - [Critical comparison of various studies on the blocking effect of cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine)]. AB - The therapeutic effect of phase-specific cytostatic drugs depends to a high degree on the time schedule. If the drug has a blocking effect too, then it is important to know, whether the block acts before or after the sensitive phase of the cell cycle. Concerning the S-phase specific drug cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, ara-C), different and even contradicting answers have been given to this question. In this paper we assume, that the reported experimental facts are reliable, and show that one experiment has been misinterpreted, giving rise to a controversial statement. If this experiment is interpreted well, it urges the conclusion, that ara-C blocks the transition from G1 to S. This is maintained also by experiments with quite a different design. PMID- 6686051 TI - The effect of bifonazole on the structure of Trichophyton. AB - The effect of a new azole antimycotic, 1-[(4-biphenylyl)-phenylmethyl]-1H imidazole (bifonazole, Bay h 4502, Mycospor) on the morphology of hyphae of Trichophyton mentagrophytes grown in a liquid medium was studied by high resolution scanning electron microscopy. With bifonazole at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 ng/ml that were much lower than the MIC value of the drug for this test strain (630 ng/ml), the hyphal growth was significantly inhibited and several morphological changes of the hyphae were produced. They were characterized by: (1) development of wavy or curled hyphae, (2) occasional formation of swollen cells often arranging in chain; (3) partial exfoliation of hyphal walls; and (4) excretion of fibrillar materials. These morphological changes of the hyphae became more prominent with increasing drug concentrations up to 200 ng/ml, and many hyphae were collapsed and distorted. These results strongly suggest that subinhibitory concentrations of bifonazole profoundly affected the normal growth and induced degenerative changes of the hyphae of T. mentagrophytes probably by damaging the cell membrane. PMID- 6686056 TI - Effects of female hormonal condition on body weight of male partners: dependence on testicular factors. AB - Four experiments explored the short-term effects of female estrous condition or gonadal hormones on male body weight. Body weights of male guinea pigs and their ovulating female partners were initially found to show a significant periovular suppression relative to those of female cagemates that were not ovulating at that time. Similar effects in male rats have been hypothesized to result from postcopulatory increases in circulating testosterone and the conversion of that testosterone to estradiol. For evaluation of the probable role of the guinea pig testes in the observed phenomenon, intact and castrated male guinea pigs were housed with ovariectomized females. Female estrus, induced by injecting the females with estradiol and progesterone, resulted in an immediate decline in body weight of the intact male partners, but the body weight of castrated male partners was unaffected. Additional tests evaluated the direct effects of estradiol and testosterone on body weight of male guinea pigs. Injections of up to 1 mg per day of testosterone propionate were insufficient to produce short term suppression of body weight in either intact or castrated males. However, treatment of the males with estradiol readily reduced their body weight. Overall, these results are not consistent with the hypothesis that short-term reductions in body weight of mated males result from immediate postcopulatory increases in circulating testosterone. It is suggested that other, possibly more estrogenic, testicular factors may play a role in the observed phenomenon. PMID- 6686055 TI - Ventromedial septal lesions in rats reduce the effects of inescapable shock on escape performance and analgesia. AB - Lesions of the ventromedial septum reduced or eliminated several effects of exposure to inescapable shock in rats, whereas lesions of the dorsolateral septum did not. Experiment 1 demonstrated that ventromedial septal lesions reduced the loss in body weight produced by inescapable shock and eliminated the subsequent (24 hr later) interference with escape performance (learned helplessness). Experiment 2 demonstrated that ventromedial septal lesions reduced the analgesia that occurs immediately following inescapable shock and the analgesia reinstated by exposure to escapable shocks 24 hr later. These findings, in conjunction with the findings that ventromedial septal lesions also reduce the secretion of corticosterone (Kelsey, 1975) and stomach erosions (Kelsey, Note 1) produced by inescapable shocks, indicate that ventromedial septal lesions reduce several responses to inescapable shock and suggest that possibility that all of these effects may reflect a unitary deficit. It is hypothesized that ventromedial septal lesions reduce these effects of exposure to inescapable shock either by reducing the ability of the rats to learn that their responses and shocks were uncorrelated or by reducing the emotional impact of this lack of correlation. PMID- 6686057 TI - [Sex difference in primary brain tumors]. PMID- 6686058 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a common disease with a good prognosis. Five year experience of a district general hospital. AB - The manifestations and workload in a district general hospital cardiac unit of 39 unselected cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy over a five year period are reported. The "typical" form with asymmetrical septal hypertrophy and a gradient was found in only one third of patients, serious ventricular arrhythmias were probably no more common than in the general population, and no deaths occurred during a relatively short follow up (mean 3.1 years). It is concluded that although hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occupies a not insignificant proportion of cardiac workload, unselected cases presenting to a district general hospital represent a relatively mild disease without a grave prognosis. PMID- 6686059 TI - Shortest nucleosomal repeat lengths during sea urchin development are found in two-cell embryos. AB - Prior to fertilization, sperm possess one of the longest nucleosome repeat lengths yet determined [approximately 250 base pairs (bp) for the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus]. We show here that the two-cell embryo has an average repeat size of 189 +/- 2 bp as probed by micrococcal nuclease; this is the shortest average nucleosomal subunit reported for S. purpuratus. By the eight cell stage, the average nucleosome repeat increases to 201 +/- 2 bp, and it subsequently increases further during development. These results indicate that a dramatic rearrangement of chromatin occurs upon fertilization and that this chromatin remodeling continues through early development. When two-cell embryos are labeled for 30 min with [3H]thymidine and digested briefly, they exhibit nuclease-hypersensitive fragments averaging 308 bp in size, which are consistent with the size of protected DNA units in replication intermediate complexes at blastula stage (as described by Levy and Jacob [Levy, A., & Jacob, K. M. (1978) Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 14, 259]). Our results are consistent with two general propositions: (1) long repeat lengths are found in highly differentiated cells, and (2) short repeat lengths are characteristic of cells more active in cell division. Our data would also imply that a rapid increase in the DNA complement, e.g., in the transition from haploid to diploid state following fertilization, is accompanied by a shortening of the average size of DNA in a nucleosome after replication. PMID- 6686060 TI - Chromatin structural changes in synchronized cells blocked in early S phase by sequential use of isoleucine deprivation and hydroxyurea blockade. AB - We have investigated the loss of histone H1 from chromatin [D'Anna, J. A., Gurley, L. R., & Tobey, R. A. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 3991-4001] and the structure of chromatin from Chinese hamster (line CHO) cells blocked in early S phase by sequential use of isoleucine deprivation G1 block and 1 mM hydroxyurea (HU) blockade. Measurements of H1 content in the cell and histone turnover indicate that H1 is lost from the cell and that there is negligible replacement synthesis of H1 during the period of the S-phase block. As H1 is lost, chromatin appears to undergo structural change. After 10 h of HU block, the new deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and a portion of the old DNA have measured nucleosome repeat lengths (37 degrees C digestion) which are less than those of controls and similar to those observed by Annunziato and Seale [Annunziato, A. T., & Seale, R. L. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 5431-5438] for new immature chromatin in the absence of HU. By 24 h of HU block, nearly all of the chromatin has assumed a pseudoimmature conformation in which the nucleosome cores appear to be more closely packed along the DNA chain, but the new DNA is slightly more resistant than old DNA to attack by micrococcal nuclease. Electrophoretic analysis of nucleoprotein particles produced by micrococcal nuclease digestion of nuclei indicates that (1) the distribution of mononucleosome species changes during HU block and (2) some mononucleosome species appear to be enriched in normally minor proteins which may determine the electrophoretic mobility of the nucleoprotein particles in agarose-acrylamide gels. The results raise the possibility that (1) during the early stages of replication (or prior to the passage of the replication fork), H1 is dissociated from initiated replicons and (2) H1 does not reassociate in a concerted fashion with the H1-depleted chromatin until the replication fork has passed and, perhaps, a substantial portion of the replicon has been replicated. PMID- 6686061 TI - Interferon induction by platinum(II)-poly(I).poly(C) complexes. AB - The effect of the interaction between poly(I).poly(C) and cis-dichloro diammineplatinum(II) (cis-Pt), its trans analogue and chloro-diethylene triamminoplatinum(II) (dien-Pt) on interferon induction activity was investigated. The covalent monodentate fixation of the three compounds on N7 of inosine has different effects on the structure and thermostability of poly(I). poly(C) which is well reflected by the interferon induction activity of the samples. Thus, the sandwich stabilization by dien-Pt at low binding ratios is manifested by an increased interferon induction and a high resistance towards RNAase degradation. The destabilization of the duplex by cis-Pt decreases interferon induction, accompanied by an increase in RNAase sensitivity of the complexes. In the case of trans-Pt the duplex structure is little perturbed and interferon induction is essentially maintained. PMID- 6686062 TI - Rapid isolation of bovine interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein. AB - A large retinol-binding protein, interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein, is found only in the interphotoreceptor matrix of the eye, and may function in vitamin A transport for the visual cycle. Interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein is the major glycoprotein of this matrix, and can be isolated rapidly by affinity-adsorption onto concanavalin A-Sepharose. The yield is approx. 0.25 mg per bovine eye. Its apparent Mr is 250000 by gel-filtration chromatography, and 225000 by native polyacrylamide-gradient gel electrophoresis; this protein band displays endogenous retinol fluorescence on such gels. As measured by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the apparent Mr is 140000. In the interphotoreceptor matrix most vitamin A-binding sites on this retinol-binding protein are unoccupied; however, addition of exogenous all-trans-retinol can saturate these sites. The apparent dissociation constant for retinol is 10(-6) M, as measured by fluorimetric titration. PMID- 6686063 TI - [Plasminogen activator from a kidney cell culture]. AB - Plasminogen activator (PA) isolated from kidney's cells culture (doses 10 to 5000 IE/kg) induced lysis of experimental thrombi. Lysis time decreased from 214 to 23 min after PA infusion in doses 10 to 700 IE/kg, further doses decrease from 700 to 5000IE/kg does not accelerate lysis time of thrombi. PA infusion in doses mentioned increases the activator activity of plasma and euglobulin lysis time, but does not change the fibrinolytic activity, antiplasmin content and fibrinogen concentration. PMID- 6686064 TI - Respiratory pauses in normal prematurely born infants. A comparison with full term newborns. AB - To assess the influence of gestational age (GA) and sleep states on respiratory pauses (RP), apnea index (AI) and periodic breathing (PB), we made polygraphic recordings on 40 normal newborns with GA of 31-41 weeks. Only 2 out of a total of 2,406 RP were obstructive. We never recorded greater than 15-second duration central RP. 10-15 s RP were rare, 2% of the total number observed in newborns with a GA of 31-38 weeks. Selective flattening of thoracic respiratory movements (while abdominal and nasal respirations persisted) were observed in all age groups. In all GA groups, RP frequency, AI and percent of PB were significantly higher in active sleep, compared to quiet sleep. In indeterminate sleep, values were intermediate. RP frequency and AI were high in newborns with GA of up to 38 weeks; they decreased significantly only at GA of 39-41 weeks; i.e. according to RP criteria, newborns with a GA of 37-38 weeks were similar to prematures, but not to 39- to 41-week GA newborns. There were no significant differences between twins and singletons. We did not find significant correlations between RP incidence on one hand and respiratory rate or out-of-phase occurrence of thoracic and abdominal respiratory movements in the other. 17% of RP occurred after gross body movements. PMID- 6686066 TI - Twin studies of schizophrenia. PMID- 6686065 TI - Differences in the perinatal development of the isolated rabbit lungs' ability to inactivate vasoactive substances. AB - A 20-second bolus of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT), prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or norepinephrine (NE) was infused into the pulmonary arteries of lungs isolated from 26-day gestation fetal, newborn (within 12 h of birth), and young adult rabbits. In each case the concentration of the infused substrate was much less than the apparent Michaelis constant for the uptake process. At these low concentrations there was no observable vasoactivity. In order to assure a constant ratio of flow to capillary surface area (independent of lung size), perfusate flow was adjusted so that the retention time of a vascular dye was approximately 7 s. Under these conditions the isolated adult rabbit lungs inactivate a similar fraction (40-50%) of each of the substrates. In contrast, isolated newborn rabbit lungs inactivate about 20% of the infused PGE1, 90% of the 5HT, and 60% of the NE, and the nonventilated, previable fetal rabbit lungs inactivate about 20% of the infused PGE1, 60% of the 5HT, and 80% of the NE. PMID- 6686067 TI - Estrous behavior and circadian discharge of luteinizing hormone in the prepubertal gilt in response to exogenous estrogen. AB - The influence of varying doses of estradiol benzoate (EB) on the induction of estrus and luteinizing hormone (LH) discharge was studied in crossbred prepubertal gilts of 135 to 150 days of age. Five gilts were assigned randomly to each of 6 groups and treated with 0, 10, 20, 100 or 200 micrograms EB/kg body weight (BW) at 1200 h or with 10 micrograms/kg at 2400 h. The characteristics of the estrous and endocrine responses of the prepubertal gilts to EB were compared to the responses of 4 ovariectomized, adult gilts treated with EB. Dose of EB administered to prepubertal gilts had no influence on the interval from injection to estrus. Amount of EB administered, however, was correlated positively (r = 0.82, P less than 0.001) with the duration of estrus. Increasing the dose of EB tended to increase (0.05 less than P less than 0.10) the proportion of prepubertal gilts in estrus. Ovariectomized adult gilts treated with 10 micrograms EB/kg BW were in estrus for a duration similar to that of prepubertal gilts treated with that dose of EB. All doses of EB induced at least one surge of LH in each prepubertal gilt. As the dose of EB was increased, a greater proportion of prepubertal gilts showed 2 surges of LH at a 24-h interval. Dose had no influence either on the magnitude or the duration of LH surges. In all gilts, whether prepubertal or mature, surges of LH occurred at either 2400 or 0600 h. Thus, gilts treated with EB at either 2400 or 1200 h were asynchronous with respect to time after treatment until LH peak but were synchronous relative to the time during the day of LH surge. Ovariectomized adult gilts treated with EB had a single surge of LH that was similar in magnitude and duration to the first surge of LH observed in prepubertal gilts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6686068 TI - Evidence for an oscillator other than luteinizing hormone controlling the secretion of progesterone in cattle. AB - The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the frequencies of pulses in ovarian and systemic concentrations of progesterone, systemic concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and rate of ovarian blood flow. Blood was collected simultaneously from previously implanted catheters in the ovarian venous circulation and jugular vein on Day 12 or 13 of estrous cycles from 4 nonlactating dairy cows. Blood was collected at a rate of 2.5 ml/min for 5 min out of every 10 min over an 8-h period. The mean rate of blood flow in the ovarian artery during the 5-min collection period was estimated by an electromagnetic blood flow transducer. Pulses were observed over time in both ovarian and systemic concentrations of progesterone at frequencies that ranged between 0.625 and 0.875 cycles/h (1.1 to 1.5 h/cycle) among the animals. Only one or two episodes of release of LH were observed during the 8-h period, and transient increases in blood flow to the ovaries were associated temporally with each episode of LH release. The estimated frequencies for release of LH and increased blood flow were the same for each animal and ranged between 0.250 and 0.375 cycles/h. A second cycle with a frequency similar to that for LH was evident in the spectral density functions for ovarian and systemic concentrations of progesterone. This cycle was eliminated when the cycle for LH was removed from the data for progesterone, but the magnitude and frequency of the pulses in progesterone were not affected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686070 TI - Effect of treatment of estrous ewes with indomethacin on the distribution of ovarian blood to the periovulatory follicle. AB - The level of prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha increases within the wall of the ovine follicle pending ovulation. Coincidently, the quantity of ovarian blood distributed to the follicular wall progressively declines. A potential cause(PGF2 alpha)-and-effect (impaired follicular blood supply) relationship was considered. At an early stage of estrus, ewes were injected systemically either with vehicle or indomethacin (an inhibitor of biosynthesis of prostaglandins). Abdominal laparotomies were carried out and the ovaries examined near the expected time of ovulation. The ovary containing the largest follicle or an ovulation point was perfused with radioactive microspheres via the ovarian artery. The periovulatory follicle was isolated from the ovary and the content of radioactivity monitored with respect to that of the whole ovary. Follicular tissue was analyzed for PGF2 alpha. Treatment with the drug was associated with: 1) failure of follicular rupture; 2) follicular hyperemia and edema; and 3) suppressed synthesis of PGF2 alpha. A reduction of the supply of ovarian blood reaching the preovulatory follicle, and a mediatory task of follicular prostaglandins in this process, could be a critical determinant of ovulation. PMID- 6686069 TI - Development of the testes in female domestic fowls submitted to an experimental sex reversal during embryonic life. AB - The sex differentiation of the female chick embryo can be totally inverted toward the male sex by an early extraembryonic testis grafting. This sex reversal remains permanent, as shown by three adult fowls described in this paper. They possess two testes associated with normally differentiated male excretory ducts and their Mullerian ducts have regressed. The development of male sex characteristics such as external features, behavior and complete spermatogenesis is evidence that these cocks have endocrine and exocrine capabilities similar to those of normal cocks. Although these cocks were able to mate with female fowls, they were sterile. A mechanism is discussed by which grafted testes induce such modifications in females. Hypotheses considering the heterogametic sex (female in birds) as exerting a dominant influence on the phenotypic sexual differentiation can be discarded in light of our results because a homogametic testis provokes the definitive sex inversion of a female. PMID- 6686071 TI - Partial purification and demonstration of anti-tumor activity of high molecular weight DNA-binding protein (HMDBP) in ascitic fluid of mice with meth-A ascites fibrosarcoma. PMID- 6686072 TI - Role of the substantia nigra in audiogenic seizures: a neuroethological analysis in the rat. AB - The audiogenic crisis (AC) includes an initial phase of bursts of circular, stereotyped running. Since it has been shown that the nigrostriatal system is important in the control of lesion- and drug-induced stereotyped rotational behavior, the effects of unilateral electrolytic lesions of the substantia nigra (SN) on the AC were investigated. Behavior was recorded using a detailed ethogram by means of systematic observational techniques and analyzed quantitatively in terms of sequential structure by multivariate statistical methods. An index of susceptibility was computed on the basis of the frequency and intensity of the convulsive behavioral patterns observed during 4 successive pre- and post operative tests. The lesion caused an increase in the susceptibility to AC of previously insusceptible rats or of low-susceptibility rats (LI), in relation to rats with sham lesions. No other differences of this type were detected for the groups of susceptible lesioned (LS) or non-lesioned animals. The sequential analysis disclosed a degradation in the tonic-clonic convulsive pattern of LS animals, with decreased frequency and more random transitions between their constituent units, as well as in the appearance of characteristic running patterns in LI rats. It is concluded that the SN plays a general inhibitory role in the central neural mechanisms of AC, and is involved in the integration and control of stereotyped local movements and of tonic-clonic convulsions. However, the SN might play only a secondary role in the control of the laterality and elaboration of the rotational phase. PMID- 6686073 TI - Central nervous system supersensitivity and withdrawal from long-term diphenylhydantoin treatment. AB - The effects of withdrawal from long-term treatment with increasing doses of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) were studied in rats. The dose of DPH was increased from 5 to 200 mg/kg over 20 days and the animals were tested 72 h after withdrawal. DPH withdrawal induced a leftward displacement of the dose-response curves obtained for the convulsive effects of both picrotoxin and metrazol and decreased the latency of 3-mercaptopropionic acid-induced seizures. These effects were interpreted to be a consequence of supersensitivity of the central nervous system induced by long-term DPH depression. PMID- 6686074 TI - Medicolegal aspects of the premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 6686076 TI - Seronegative arthropathy and associated diseases--a multigenic syndrome? AB - Patients hospitalized for psoriasis, acute anterior uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis or with chronic prostatis were examined. From previous reports and our own results we formulated hypotheses of the genetic mechanisms involved. We then examined all available adult relatives of 75 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Our previously established genetic hypotheses were tested by segregation analyses in these families. All our results point to the existence of a syndrome of distinct but interacting genetic factors. The main factor is the HLA-B27 associated disease predisposition. Manifestation of this predisposition seems to be influenced by sex and by presence of factors coding for psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthropathy. Our results concerning psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy supported the previous suggestions that these diseases exhibit genetic heterogeneity. It is known that disease signs may be triggered by infection in genetically predisposed persons. The syndrome therefore has a multifactorial aetiology. Seronegative arthropathy is a term that includes all arthritic components of the syndrome. There is a need for a term that encompasses all clinical signs of the genetic factors involved. We propose 'Hereditary multifocal relapsing inflammation' (HEMRI) as a descriptive term for this syndrome. The disease entities included may be regarded as subtypes of the syndrome. PMID- 6686075 TI - Evidence that 5-hydroxytryptamine in the forebrain is involved in naloxone precipitated jumping in morphine-dependent rats. AB - A withdrawal syndrome was precipitated by naloxone in morphine-dependent rats injected with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) in the ventromedial tegmentum (VMT) at the level of the nucleus interpeduncularis. 5,7-DHT, which markedly depleted 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the forebrain but not in the brainstem, significantly reduced jumping in abstinent rats with no significant effect on other withdrawal signs. The effect of morphine 10 mg kg-1 on responses on the hot plate was unchanged in 5,7-DHT-treated rats. The findings suggest that 5-HT in the forebrain is selectively involved in the jumping of morphine-abstinent rats. PMID- 6686077 TI - Dairy cow disposals from herds in the Melbread Dairy Herd Health Recording Scheme. PMID- 6686078 TI - Development and plasticity of the hippocampal-cholinergic system in normal and early lead exposed rats. AB - A review of previous evidence suggested the possibility of a functional association between the effects of early lead (Pb) exposure, hippocampal damage and cholinergic deficiency. To further assess this possibility, Long-Evans hooded rat pups were exposed to Pb for the first 25 postnatal days via the maternal milk. Dams were fed either 4.0% PbCO3 or a Na2CO3 control diet throughout this period. At 30 and 115 days of age, the brains of Pb and control animals were processed for acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. Morphometric evaluation of the molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus indicated that while absolute increases in the dimensions of the afferent systems to the hippocampal dentate gyrus are observed between 30 and 115 days of age, no significant rearrangement in the pattern of lamination occurs during this time. No effects of Pb were seen on the development of the cholinergic innervation of this brain region at either of these ages. Unilateral perforant path transections performed on Pb and control animals at 100 days of age indicated reduced cholinergic plasticity in the molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of Pb exposed animals, as indicated by AChE histochemistry. These findings indicate that a decrease in neuroanatomical plasticity may be a critical brain mechanism underlying the learning deficits observed following exposure to Pb. PMID- 6686079 TI - Mating frequency in male Japanese quail: crosses among selected and unselected lines. AB - The genetics of mating behavior in Japanese quail was investigated in replicated lines selected for high or low number of completed matings and the random bred control which served as the base population for the selected lines. Comparisons involved the parental lines, F1, F2, and backcross generations. Results indicate that mating frequency is influenced by additive and nonadditive genetic variation with the former being the primary heritable influence. The relationships between mating behavior, cloacal gland size, and relative aggressiveness suggest that selection for mating frequency influences factors commonly affecting these traits. PMID- 6686080 TI - Optic disc colobomas. AB - This paper describes optic disc colobomas in a father and his twin sons. Two of the six eyes had associated anterior colobomas (one of the iris and the other of the peripheral retina), and there was evidence of abnormal development of Bergmeister's papilla in the father's left eye. PMID- 6686081 TI - Inhibition of retinoid toxicity by rat liver S9 fraction in cultured mammalian cells. AB - The effects of retinol (Rol), retinyl acetate (RAc) or retinoic acid (RA) on growth of Chinese hamster V79 cells were studied. In addition, the effect of Rol on cell growth in the human lymphoid cell line RPMI no. 1788 was examined. Cultures were treated with retinoid alone, with retinoid plus S9 mix and with retinoid plus the supernatant of S9 fraction. Treatment of Rol, RAc or RA alone inhibited the growth of both cell lines as evidenced by a dose-dependent decrease of viable cell counts. Concurrent treatment of a retinoid with the well-known metabolic activation system S9 mix containing the rat liver S9 fraction plus enzyme cofactors resulted in a total elimination of the toxic effect of a retinoid. For instance, V79 cells treated with Rol, RAc or RA alone at the highest dose of 32 micrograms/ml, and human lymphoid cells treated with Rol at the highest dose of 24 micrograms/ml resulted in killing of over 90% of the cells, while addition of S9 mix to the cultures treated with such high doses of a retinoid showed no reduction of viable cells as compared with the controls. The supernatant of S9 fraction after high speed centrifugation also had dose dependent protective effects against the toxicity of retinol in V79 cells. Finally, experiments using sucrose gradient centrifugation and [3H] Rol suggests that binding of a retinoid to its specific binding protein in the S9 mixture and supernatant greatly decreases or abolished the toxicity of free retinoid in cultured mammalian cells. PMID- 6686082 TI - The carcinogenic effect of nitrosopiperidine administered in the drinking water of Syrian golden hamsters. AB - Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus W.) were used to test the long-term carcinogenic effect of nitrosopiperidine (NP). Groups of 30 females and 30 males were given 0.05%, 0.025% and 0.006% NP in their drinking water for life. The animals developed neoplasms in the larynx, pharynx, trachea and forestomach (papillary polyps, papillomas and epidermoid carcinomas) and in the liver (hepatocellular adenomas, carcinomas). In addition, cholangiocellular and endothelial liver tumours and colon adenocarcinomas were observed. The overall tumour frequency was dose-dependent and higher in males than in females. PMID- 6686083 TI - Effectiveness of "two-route chemotherapy" using cisplatin and its antidote, sodium thiosulfate, on lifespan of rats bearing metastatic liver tumors. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of "two-route chemotherapy" (TRC) using cisplatin (DDP) and its potent antidote, sodium thiosulfate (STS), was studied on rat metastatic liver tumors. Twenty mg/kg of DDP was given to rats via the hepatic artery in combination with systemic STS at a dose of 1054 mg/kg (100-fold molar ratio to 20 mg/kg of DDP) or at two doses of 1054 mg/kg. As controls, 5 or 4 mg/kg of DDP alone was given intra-arterially or iv. Antitumor effects were evaluated by prolongation in lifespan after the tumor cell inoculation. Side effects were assessed by weight loss, BUN, and serum transaminases after the chemotherapy. TRC resulted in the longest lifespan, with a minimum weight loss and without elevation of BUN or serum transaminases. The therapeutic efficacy of TRC was enhanced by temporary ligation of the portal vein for 5 minutes, performed simultaneously with DDP infusion. Our findings clearly indicate the effectiveness of TRC using intra-arterial DDP in a high dose and in combination with iv STS. PMID- 6686084 TI - Plasma sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and obesity in breast cancer patients. AB - The important finding was that sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binds 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (DHT) with more efficacy than 17 beta-estradiol in patients with breast cancer and that SHBG binds it with less efficacy than 17 beta estradiol in normal women. An unexpected finding was that there was no correlation between SHBG-binding capacity for 17 beta-estradiol and that for DHT of the same plasma. On the basis of these findings, we confirmed that SHBG binding capacity for 17 beta-estradiol was a useful predictive index of hormone dependence of human breast cancer. We studied the correlation between SHBG binding capacity for 17 beta-estradiol and Kaup Index as an index of obesity to examine the interaction between obesity and carcinogenesis of hormone-dependent breast cancer. Significant positive correlation between SHBG-binding capacity for 17 beta-estradiol and Kaup Index was achieved in premenopausal patients. Our results indicate that obesity is an important risk factor for carcinogenesis of hormone-dependent breast cancer. PMID- 6686085 TI - Enzyme activity changes in rat heart after chronic alcohol ingestion. AB - The effect of a chronic intake of dietary alcohol upon myocardial enzymes was studied in rats. Alcohol, comprising more than 40% of the dietary calorie content, was administered to rats for 6 or 12 weeks. To assess the metabolic changes in the myocardium, the following enzymes were measured: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), aldolase (ALD), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), creatine kinase (CK) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT). The activity of CK was decreased (4.79 +/- 0.99 U X mg-1 protein) after 6 weeks on alcohol and was significantly different from that of the controls (5.98 +/- 1.44 U X mg-1 protein). After 12 weeks the CK activity of alcoholic rats had recovered to 5.99 +/- 1.08 U X mg protein-1 and approached the value found in the normal myocardium. A pronounced decrease was found in the activity of MDH: 8.26 +/- 0.69 U X mg protein-1 in the controls, and 6.78 +/- 1.07 U X mg protein-1 and 5.79 +/- 0.85 U X mg protein-1 in the alcoholic rats after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. The LDH activity decreased to a lesser extent, but significantly: 2.45 +/- 0.18 U X mg protein-1 in the controls, and 2.11 +/- 0.07 U X mg protein 1 and 2.06 +/- 0.29 U X mg protein-1 after 6 and 12 weeks on test. Only slight, not significant, changes were observed for the other enzymes investigated (ICDH, ALD, GPT).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686086 TI - Fibronectin modulation of cell shape and lipogenic gene expression in 3T3 adipocytes. AB - The differentiation of 3T3-F442A cells is accompanied by changes in cell morphology, decreased synthesis and assembly of cytoskeletal proteins, and increased biosynthesis of lipogenic enzymes. The differentiation-dependent alterations in actin assembly can be prevented by culture of cells on fibronectin matrices. Under these conditions, morphological change is prevented and the induction of lipogenic enzymes such as glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthetase is sharply reduced. In contrast, the differentiation-linked decreases in actin and tubulin biosynthesis occur normally. Hybridization of cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA to cloned cDNA probes indicates that the inhibition of lipogenic protein biosynthesis occurs because of reduced levels of specific mRNA production. The inhibitory effects of fibronectin can be reversed by keeping cells in a rounded configuration or by exposing cells to either cytochalasin D, which disrupts the actin cytoskeleton, or insulin, a key lipogenic hormone. These results demonstrate that fibronectin can regulate gene expression for lipogenic proteins and they suggest that it interferes with cytoskeletal and morphological changes necessary for new gene expression. PMID- 6686087 TI - Gynecologic and obstetric problems of the female dancer. AB - The effect of athletics and exercise on women is a new area of medicine, and little factual information is currently available. This discussion briefly reviews some of the gynecologic and obstetric information available to give guidelines for the woman involved in strenuous physical activity. PMID- 6686088 TI - The effects of strenuous exercise on maternal rats and their developing fetuses. AB - Twenty young female rats were familiarized over 19 days to run comfortably on a treadmill at 30 m/min (approximately 80% VO2 max.) on a 10 degree incline for one hour. After this 19 day accustomization period the rats were separated into two groups and mated. One group (PR) continued to run on the treadmill at the prescribed rate throughout gestation and the other group (PC) was allowed to continue a normal laboratory routine. The maternal rats were weighed daily including the first day following birth and the numbers and weights of the fetuses born in each litter were noted. The results show that the fetuses were spared from any gross effects of the maternal exercise with average fetal weight and litter size being unaffected. However, there were significant differences between the maternal weights of the two groups at the end of gestation. The prepartal weight difference was 36.0g (PC group heavier) and this was reduced post-partally to 14.9g which remained significant. These differences in maternal weights were suggested to reflect a decreased amount of amniotic fluid for the fetuses of the PR group during gestation and also a reduction in maternal body fat for the PR group. PMID- 6686089 TI - Plasma steroids and sex hormone binding globulin estimation. PMID- 6686090 TI - Distribution of ABO blood groups in secretory otitis media and cholesteatoma. AB - The ABO blood groups of 610 patients with documented secretory otitis media (SOM) and of 361 patients with cholesteatoma were compared with those of a control group. In cholesteatoma a normal distribution appeared while in SOM a preponderance of group A or shortage of group O was statistically significant and the incidence ratio was 1.49. In both disease entities a preponderance of males was found. The blood group abnormalities of SOM may indicate hereditary trends and they oppose the theories of SOM being the 'missing link' in the development of cholesteatoma. PMID- 6686091 TI - Tables for the cytogenetic study of fragile X chromosomes for diagnostic purposes. AB - The frequency of expression of the fragile X chromosome varies from patient to patient. Many cases have been reported showing frequencies of less than 2%. With such low frequencies, the risk of erroneous diagnosis is great unless the appropriate number of cells is studied. We present here Tables based on the binomial distribution relating the frequency of expression of the fragile X in a patient with the sample size required to obtain a probability P of correct diagnosis according to different criteria. PMID- 6686092 TI - Two cases of prenatal diagnosis of a satellited Yq chromosome. AB - Accurate interpretation of chromosomal variants is essential in prenatal diagnosis in order to distinguish polymorphisms from potential pathology in the fetus. This paper reports intra-uterine diagnosis of a satellited Yq in two unrelated families. The 29-year-old consultant in Case A sought prenatal diagnosis because of a maternal family history of Down syndrome. Case B was studied because of maternal age of 37. GTG banded chromosome analysis of cultured amniotic fluid cells from both cases revealed a 46,XY chromosome constitution with extra material present on the Yqter. This was interpreted to be satellite material. QFQ, CBG and AgNOR staining were performed. The material in question proved to be AgNOR positive, indicating that it was transcriptionally active for ribosomal RNA production during the last cell cycle. In addition, frequent satellite association between the Yqter and other acrocentric chromosomes was noted. These findings confirmed the initial interpretation. Other family members were studied and an AgNOR positive Yqs chromosome was confirmed in normal males in three generations of both families. The Yqs chromosome observed in the fetal cells was therefore considered a normal variant. The outcome of pregnancy in Case A was a phenotypically normal male. Case B had not delivered at the time of this writing. The origin of this satellite material on the Y chromosome is considered. PMID- 6686093 TI - Y chromosome length related to fetal loss. AB - The Y/20 ratio (length of Y chromosome/length of chromosome 20) was examined among 216 males, 108 of whose wives had a history of repeated abortions (study group), and 108 who were mentally retarded (controls). There was no significant difference in frequency of long Y (Y/20 equal to or greater than 1) between the study group and controls. Also, there was the expected male: female ratio among normal living children of couples in the study group, and the Y/20 ratio was not significantly increased among fathers with abnormal male offspring. However, wives of long Y males were more likely to have at least one abnormal male birth, compared with other wives (this approached statistical significance, p less than 0.08). In addition, a significantly higher frequency of long Y was found in a subset of affected males whose wives had 2 or more spontaneous abortions plus some other abnormal pregnancy outcome. Although the findings reported here do not strongly support a causal relationship, they at least suggest an association between long Y chromosome and abnormal fetal development. PMID- 6686094 TI - [Case of acute polyradiculoneuropathy with various autonomic symptoms and amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome]. PMID- 6686095 TI - Sonographic and scintigraphic detection of a bile leak in a post-cholecystectomy patient. Recognition of the tail sign. AB - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy using Tc-99m HIDA derivates is used primarily for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and for demonstration of biliary tract patency. Ultrasound is usually employed for diagnosing cholelithiasis and biliary tree dilatation, as well as identifying focal lesions in the liver. These two complementary modalities are also useful in the evaluation of post cholecystectomy patients. We present a case of a bile leak, diagnosed by these two modalities. PMID- 6686096 TI - Unusual appearance of a highly vascular lesion on Tc-99m DISIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy. AB - A lesion was identified on the late images of a hepatobiliary scintigraphic study, but was not detected on the very early images, due to its enlarged blood pool. This combination of scan findings has not been previously described. The implication of the observation is that one must examine all the images of the hepatobiliary study in an effort to detect space-occupying lesions of the liver. PMID- 6686098 TI - Drug therapy questions and answers. PMID- 6686097 TI - Unusual scintigraphic appearance of perforation of the common bile duct. AB - This report deals with the diagnosis of perforation of the common bile duct into the lesser sac by HIDA cholescintigraphy. The first hour images after injection were suggestive of biliary obstruction. Subsequent images demonstrated unusual accumulations of the activity into the lesser sac and retroperitoneal potential spaces. Careful correlation between scintigraphic and surgical findings were undertaken. The case is reported to demonstrate the scintigraphic findings in choledochal perforation and to stress the importance of carrying out late images when the initial ones are abnormal. PMID- 6686100 TI - Steroid-responsive post-transfusion purpura. PMID- 6686099 TI - Use of computer analysis of echocardiograms for assessment of left ventricular function. AB - Computer analysis of M-mode echocardiograms has been used for evaluation of left ventricular function. Ventricular dimensions and velocities of heart wall movement have been measured. In addition, a non-invasive estimate of ventricular wall stress has been obtained using the systolic cuff blood pressure combined with echocardiogram data, and simultaneous apex cardiography has been employed to look for any disruption in the timing of changes in ventricular dimension and wall stress. Various parameters have been calculated from the data to provide a quantitative indication of changes in the ventricle. A study has been carried out of 117 patients divided into four groups; one of normal subjects and the others containing patients with ischaemic heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Abnormal features of the echocardiograms have been evaluated from comparisons with data for normal subjects. Relationships between the quantities measured have been studied to give a fuller understanding of changes taking place in the ventricle, so that the data can be employed as the basis for a non-invasive assessment of ventricular function. PMID- 6686101 TI - The psychological causality implicit in language. PMID- 6686102 TI - Why Mikey's right and my key's wrong: the significance of stress and word boundaries in a child's output system. PMID- 6686103 TI - The acquisition of mental verbs: a systematic investigation of the first reference to mental state. PMID- 6686104 TI - Determinants of spelling ability in deaf and hearing adults: access to linguistic structure. PMID- 6686105 TI - Alveolar contractile interstitial cells. Their morphology and reactions to hypoxia and to epinephrine stimulation. PMID- 6686106 TI - The evolution and complexity of the genes encoding the cytoskeletal proteins of human epidermal cells. AB - In order to explore the differential expression and evolutionary conservation of the genes encoding the cytoskeletal proteins for human epidermal cells, we have constructed a library of bacterial plasmids containing inserts of double-stranded cDNAs complementary to the mRNAs of cultured human epidermal cells. Cloned hybrid plasmids containing 45-95% of the sequences present in keratin, actin, and tubulin mRNAs were isolated and characterized. To identify the cDNAs encoding the four major keratins of human epidermal cells, the clones were initially screened for their ability to hybridize strongly with 32P-labeled cDNA prepared from unfractionated epidermal mRNA (about 30% keratin mRNA). Strongly hybridizing clones were further characterized by positive hybrid selection. Two distinct classes of clones were identified: One class hybridized specifically to the 56 and 58kd keratin mRNAs and one class hybridized specifically to the 46 and 50kd keratin mRNAs. Each class is encoded by a separate multigene family of about 10 genes. The two classes of sequences are conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, indicating the functional importance of each class in filament assembly. Clones containing human cDNA sequences encoding a cytoplasmic actin and alpha-tubulin were selected by hybridization screening using 32P-labeled cloned cDNAs for the mRNAs of beta-actin and alpha-tubulin of embryonic chick brain. The identity of these clones was established by positive hybrid selection and by DNA sequence analysis. Similar to the keratins, the actins and tubulins are also encoded by multigene families which are highly evolutionarily conserved. The availability of cloned cDNAs specific for each of three types of epithelial cytoskeletal proteins allows us to investigate the coordinate expression of their mRNAs during terminal differentiation in human epidermis. PMID- 6686107 TI - [Echocardiographic studies of the left ventricular function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6686108 TI - [Discrete subaortic stenosis: report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6686109 TI - [Allergy caused by inhaling Pleurotus spores]. PMID- 6686110 TI - Site-specific, simultaneous presentation of colonic carcinoma in identical twins. AB - The development of identically sited carcinoma of the colon in identical twins is described. A simultaneous presentation occurred. The case is discussed in the context of the cancer family syndrome. PMID- 6686111 TI - [Primary ovarian dysgerminomatous choriocarcinoma not associated with pregnancy- a case report]. PMID- 6686112 TI - [Role of the paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei in the inhibition of the hypophyseal-adrenocortical system]. PMID- 6686113 TI - Cisplatin-induced bradycardia. AB - A patient who had repeated episodes of bradycardia while on cisplatin therapy is described. Cisplatin-induced bradycardia has not been reported previously. Deposition of cisplatin in the sinoatrial-node area might explain this cardiotoxic effect. PMID- 6686114 TI - [Children of former cancer patients]. AB - Intensive chemo- and radiotherapy in many cases leads to cure of malignant diseases and thus to an increasing number of former childhood and adult cases of cancer who now wish to start a family. A survey among 58 oncologic-paediatric and 26 obstetric-gynaecologic centres and a review of the literature was meant to demonstrate the effects of cytostatic treatment on the issue of treated persons. A total of 627 children of 537 preconceptionally treated patients could be assessed. 59 (9.4%) of these showed abnormalities. This corresponds to the frequency in a normal population. On the basis of these results effects of intensive tumour treatment on subsequent deliveries cannot be demonstrated. Thus, too pessimistic an attitude towards conception after treatment for cancer does at present not appear justified from a medical viewpoint. PMID- 6686115 TI - [Serum prolactin level in basal conditions and after metoclopramide stimulation in women with galactorrhea and in patients with pituitary tumors]. PMID- 6686116 TI - Diminished dietary thermogenesis in exercise-trained human subjects. AB - The influence of exercise-training on dietary-induced thermogenesis (DIT) was investigated in humans. The resting metabolic rate was identical in trained and non-trained subjects, but the response to a meal containing 1,636 kcal (6.9 MJ) was markedly lower in trained subjects. Mean dorsal skin temperature, as measured by thermography, was not influenced by training. A significant correlation was observed between postprandial RQ and DIT, which indicates that the reduced energy expenditure noted in trained subjects is related to a greater lipid oxidation. This sparing effect of exercise-training on energy utilization in the form of carbohydrate, is interpreted as adaptive in the sense that energy is preserved for the purpose of producing work. PMID- 6686117 TI - Specificity of velocity in strength training. AB - Twenty-one male volunteers (ages 23-25 years) were tested pre- and post training for maximal knee extension power at five specific speeds (1.05, 2.09, 3.14, 4.19, and 5.24 rad X s-1) with an isokinetic dynamometer. Subjects were assigned randomly to one of three experimental groups; group S, training at 1.05 rad X s-1 (n = 8), group I, training at 3.14 rad X s-1 (n = 8) or group F, training at 5.24 rad X s-1 (n = 5). Subjects trained the knee extensors by performing 10 maximal voluntary efforts in group S, 30 in group I and 50 in group F six times a week for 8 weeks. Though group S showed significant increases in power at all test speeds, the percent increment decreased with test speed from 24.8% at 1.05 rad X s-1 to 8.6% at 5.24 rad X s-1. Group I showed almost similar increment in power (18.5-22.4 at all test speeds except at 2.09 rad X s-1 (15.4%). On the other hand, group F enhanced power only at faster test speeds (23.9% at 4.19 rad X s-1 and 22.8% at 5.24 rad X s-1). PMID- 6686118 TI - Slower Adaptation of VO2 to steady state of submaximal exercise with beta blockade. AB - The kinetics of oxygen uptake (VO2) were assessed in 17 normal subjects with beta blockade and placebo. beta-blockade was achieved with either 50 mg oral metoprolol or 40 mg oral propranolol, each twice per day. Tests were conducted on the cycle ergometer at work rates approximating 80% of the work rate at ventilatory anaerobic threshold. Work rate was initiated as a square wave starting from prior rest. Data obtained 48 h, 1 week, and 4 weeks after starting drug or placebo were pooled to increase the number of points for regression analysis of kinetic parameters. While there were no differences in the plateau values for VO2 with and without beta-blockade, the rate of adaptation to steady state was significantly slower with beta-blockade than with placebo (P less than 0.05). This resulted in an increase of oxygen deficit by approximately 200 ml O2. Cardiac output measured by CO2 rebreathing was significantly reduced by beta blockade (metoprolol by 4.1%, propranolol by 12.2%, both P less than 0.05). Blood lactate concentration was unaffected by beta-blockade. It was concluded that the influence of beta-blockade on the oxygen transport system was responsible for the significantly slower increase of VO2 to steady state in submaximal exercise. PMID- 6686119 TI - Muscle function in children. AB - Electrically evoked mechanical and contractile properties of the triceps surae have been measured in 52 children aged 11 and 14 years, and results compared with previously reported data for adults (Davies and White 1982). The results show that the time to peak tension (TPT), half relaxation time (1/2RT) and supramaximal tension (Pt) of the twitch were not significantly (P greater than 0.1) different in girls and boys and independent of age. The 14-year-old girls and boys were stronger in terms of their supramaximal 10, 20, and 50 Hz tetanic tensions and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) than their younger counterparts, and both groups of children were significantly (P less than 0.001) weaker than the young adults. However, if standardisation was made for an anthropometric estimate of calf muscle (plus bone) cross-sectional area (CSA), the differences in strength disappeared. Electrically stimulated and voluntary maximal force per unit CSA measured at the knee were 17.1 and 20.5 N X cm2 respectively and independent of sex and age. The loss of force during a 2-min stimulated fatigue test was the same in the children as the adults. The average fatigue indices ranged from 0.52 to 0.72 in the children, compared with 0.68 in the adults. It is concluded that absolute differences in muscle strength in children are a function of muscle mass. The force generating capacity expressed in N X cm2, fatiguability, contraction and relaxation times of the triceps surae would appear to remain unchanged through adolescence and early adulthood. PMID- 6686120 TI - Energy cost of treadmill and floor walking at self-selected paces. AB - Oxygen uptake-velocity regression equations were developed for floor and level treadmill walking by having two groups of men, aged 19-29 years (n = 20) and 55 66 years (n = 22), walk at four self-selected paces, from "rather slowly" to "as fast as possible". A two-variable quadratic model relating VO2 (ml X kg-1 X min 1) to velocity (m X s-1) was adopted for prediction purposes. However, age and fatness significantly (P less than 0.05) interacted with treadmill walking speed, while age alone significantly interacted with floor speed. In addition, a significant difference was found between the energy cost of floor and treadmill walking. For example at the normal walking speed of 1.33 m X s-1, the energy cost for the treadmill (age 55-66 years) was 10.58 ml X kg-1 X min-1 and for the floor, 11.04 ml X kg-1 X min-1 (P less than 0.05). Four quadratic equations are therefore presented, one each for floor and treadmill in each of the two age groups. The percent variance explained was between 87 and 95% for each of these equations. PMID- 6686121 TI - An unsupervised "aerobics" physical training programme in middle-aged factory workers: feasibility, validation and response. AB - This paper describes a controlled study of the effects of an unsupervised walking programme in 108 volunteers from among 580 middle-aged employees in a Nottingham light industrial company. Objective measurements of physical condition and of customary activity were made on four occasions at 12-week intervals. The subjects were randomly allocated to three groups and encouraged to follow a walking programme in the first, second or third periods of the study: no activity was prescribed in the other periods. Compliance with the programme was estimated from log-cards and from a week's pedometer record. Although there were no significant differences between the changes seen in subjects following the walking-programme and those in control subjects, there were significant small improvements in physical condition and modest increases in customary activity in a) those subjects actually completing the programme, and b) the subjects measured before and after their programme, pooled without regard to the period of measurement. At least some of the increased activity is maintained for 12 weeks after the programme. The marginal changes suggest that the intensity of the training programme as experienced by the subjects was close to the threshold for maintenance of physical condition in this age-group of workers. PMID- 6686122 TI - Prediction of body volume by a stepwise linear regression technique. AB - Body volume and 35 anthropometric measurements were obtained from 88 active soldiers using standard techniques. These anthropometric measurements were examined for their possible relationships to body volume using stepwise linear regression analysis. Four measurements (Body weight, anterior thigh skinfold thickness, subscapular skinfold thickness and suprailiac skinfold thickness) accounted for 99.7% of the variation in body volume and the introduction of each of these measurements in the equation was significant. The regression equation for predicting body volume from these 4 anthropometric measurements had a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.9987 (P less than 0.001). Body weight alone was correlated with body volume to the extent of 0.9966. An attempt has therefore been made to develop a multiple linear regression equation without incorporation of body weight in the regression analysis. Nine measurements were selected by stepwise linear regression analysis for predicting body volume. These nine measurements accounted for 97.1% of the variation in body volume. These equations have been validated on another small sample of 22 soldiers. The analysis has also revealed that a direct regression of body density from the anthropometric variables gives more accurate results than when estimated body volumes are utilized for calculating body density. PMID- 6686123 TI - The effect of physical activity on the intraocular pressure of glaucomatous patients. AB - Chronic simple glaucoma patients who performed physical activity had headache and nausea, symptoms that simulated a sudden rise in intraocular pressure. Twelve patients, who were diagnosed as suffering from simple open angle glaucoma, performed multiple bicycle ergometry. The intraocular pressure was measured during the ergometry and was compared to intraocular pressure measurements at rest. A statistically significant decrease was found in intraocular pressure during the ergometry performance. It was concluded that there is no ocular restriction for simple open angle glaucoma patients in performing physical activity. PMID- 6686125 TI - Role of reflex responses of knee musculature during the swing phase of walking in man. AB - Muscle activation patterns of the quadriceps and hamstrings were studied in normal human subjects walking at comfortable speed on a treadmill. In addition knee angular velocity patterns and swing and stance phases of the step cycle were recorded. Data were collected from normal paces and from paces in which a momentary unexpected resistance was applied to the leg during swing. The application of the resistance caused an advance in the onset of both quadriceps and hamstrings activity. The latency of the onset of activity following the resistance in the quadriceps was 78.2 +/- 26.4 ms and this was considered to indicate a long latency stretch reflex. There was a close association between the onset of quadriceps and hamstrings activity both in the normal and resistance paces. The changes observed in knee angular velocity upon application of the resistance indicate tight control of angular velocity patterns. The results have important implications regarding neural control of muscle during purposive movement and the regulation of sensitivity of muscle receptors during such movements, especially during the periods when the muscle is normally inactive. PMID- 6686124 TI - The effect of preceding anaerobic exercise on aerobic and anaerobic work. AB - The effects of exercise-induced elevation of lactic acid concentration in blood [Lab] up to 12-14 mM on the subsequent aerobic (less than or equal to VO2 max) and anaerobic (supramaximal) performance was investigated in a group of trained non-athletic subjects. For submaximal loads ranging from 0.6 VO2 max to VO2 max the VO2 max/external work load (Wext) ratio was unaffected by preceding anaerobic exercise, VO2 max was not significantly different, whereas the maximal performance time of a standard exercise was reduced. The kinetics of the VO2 on- adjustment at the onset of 0.9 VO2 max rectangular loads carried out by the arms and/or by the legs was significantly increased by a preceding supramaximal anaerobic load carried out by the same as well as by the non-exercised limbs. It is concluded that in the presence of high [Lab] (1) the maximal aerobic power (VO2 max) is unchanged; (2) the efficiency of aerobic work is unaffected, which implies that during active recovery most La is used as substrate, provided the metabolic level during the latter exceeds 0.6 VO2 max; (3) the endurance for anaerobic as well as for aerobic exercise is reduced; (4) the kinetics of the VO2 adjustment at the onset of submaximal rectangular loads is faster, both in primed and in non-exercised muscles. PMID- 6686126 TI - Assessment of anaerobic capacity in runners. AB - A new method for assessment of anaerobic capacity is presented. It consists of two treadmill runs at 22 km X h-1 and 7.5% slope, the first one being interrupted after 40 s (submax. test), the second continuing until volitional exhaustion (max. test). Measured variables are the increase in arterial lactate concentration over the pre-exercise value in the submax. test (delta L40), the maximal arterial lactate level in the max. test (Lmax), and time to exhaustion (tmax). Fifty-five male runners of high competitive level were examined with this procedure, including 400-m runners of differing performance capacity (400 m A and B/C), middle-distance (MD), long-distance (LD), and marathon runners (M). Eleven physical education students served as controls (C). tmax was 88.3 +/- 11.0, 85.2 +/- 11.4, 83.1 +/- 12.7, 63.1 +/- 11.4, 43.7 +/- 7.5, and 50.7 +/- 5.0 s for 400 m A, 400 m B/C, MD, LD, M, and C. The corresponding values for Lmax were 17.47 +/ 1.68, 17.52 +/- 2.03, 16.27 +/- 2.18, 13.44 +/- 2.13, 10.13 +/- 2.68, and 15.54 +/- 1.43 mmol X 1(-1) and for delta L40 5.93 +/- 1.10, 7.13 +/- 1.55, 6.39 +/- 0.89, 6.68 +/- 1.18, 8.19 +/- 1.37, and 10.76 +/- 1.62 mmol X 1(-1). The differences in delta L40, most likely reflecting differences in high energy phosphate utilization, suggest that excellent performance in any running event is associated with increased alactacid anaerobic capacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686127 TI - Effects of trichloroethylene exposure on hearing. An investigation of cochlear microphonics and action potential of the guinea pig. AB - Four groups of guinea pigs with normal Preyer's reflex were exposed to trichloroethylene (TCE). Each group consisted of nine to 10 naive male albino Hartley guinea pigs of 9 weeks of age with a body weight of approximately 400 g. To test the suggestion that TCE causes damage to the cochlear system, a study was conducted involving four experiments. The results were as follows: No significant difference was observed between the intensity functions of the CM (4 kHz) and AP (7 kHz) potentials of the control groups and those of the TCE-exposed groups by analysis of variance. It was considered that there was no difference in the cochlear reaction to high frequency sound between guinea pig and man. It therefore might be suggested that acute exposure to TCE of a high concentration does not always induce dysfunction of the organ of Corti and the 8th nerve in man. PMID- 6686129 TI - Relationships of anaerobic threshold and onset of blood lactate accumulation with endurance performance. AB - This study was undertaken to compare the contribution of both the anaerobic threshold (AT) and onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) with endurance performance in eleven non-endurance trained active male adults. AT determination was based upon both blood lactate and gas exchange criteria, while OBLA was determined as the point corresponding to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol X 1(-1). A dependent t-test revealed significantly higher values for OBLA related variables as compared with corresponding AT related variables, thereby validating the comparison of these two categories of variables in relation to endurance performance. Approximately 67, 60, 37, and 50% of the variance in endurance performance were accounted for by AT-VO2 (ml X kg-1 X min-1), AT-WR, OBLA-VO2 (ml X kg-1 X min-1), and OBLA-WR, respectively. When AT-HR (X2) was added to the AT VO2 (X1) as another predictor, the contribution of these variables to endurance performance increased appreciably to 84%. The resultant multiple regression equation was Y = -4.564 X1 + 2.68 IX2 + 90.6 (SEE = 9.9 s). Consequently, it is suggested that variables related to an abrupt increase in blood lactate, together with several gas exchange responses, could explain endurance performance in a shorter distance to a greater extent than variables related to a rigid threshold of 4 mmol X 1(-1). PMID- 6686128 TI - The plasma concentrations of secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) after long-term, strenuous exercise. AB - Twelve subjects (aged 21-38 years) participated in a 90-km cross-country ski race lasting 4.45-6.50 h. In order to investigate a metabolic role for secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) during long-term strenuous exercise, seven of the subjects were given an oral hypertonic glucose solution while the others had no nutrient intake immediately after the race. The plasma concentrations of secretin and VIP were greatly increased immediately after the race, and the levels were not normalized within 140 min, though there was a significant decrease after 80 min with rest. The post-race plasma levels of secretin and VIP showed a rapid and very marked decrease 15 min after ingestion of glucose, and the plasma levels had returned to control levels 60 min and 15 min respectively after glucose loading. The results indicate some metabolic function for secretin and VIP during long-term physical exercise. PMID- 6686130 TI - Transitory hematologic effects of moderate exercise are not influenced by iron supplementation. AB - A young women's exercise/fitness class tested the idea that administration of supplemental iron would prevent "sports anemia" that may develop during exercise and training and improve iron status of exercising females of menstrual age. Fifteen women (aged 18-37) were selected for each of three treatment groups: (1) no supplemental iron; (2) 9 mg X d-1 of Fe; and (3) 18 mg X d-1 of Fe (1 US Recommended Daily Allowance). Women exercised at approximately 85% of maximal heartrate for progressively increasing lengths of time in a jogging program and worked up to 45 min of exercise 4 d X week-1 for 8 weeks. Hematologic analysis was performed in weeks 1, 5, and 8. A significant decline in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and hematocrit (Hct) was observed at week 5 when all data were examined without regard for iron intake; these red cell indices returned to pre exercise levels by week 8. Reduction of mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) indicated that the midpoint decline was not caused by simple hemodilution during exercise. Serum ferritin (SF) concentration changed in parallel with Hb and Hct. Although the midpoint decline in SF was not statistically significant, it ruled out the possibility that turnover of red cell iron was directed to storage. Lowered MCHC and SF suggested lower availability of iron during the synthesis of a new generation of red cells. Few iron treatment effects of magnitude were observed. Iron did not prevent the midpoint decline in Hb concentration. Iron intake did not affect SF, serum iron, transferrin saturation, or final Hb, and Hct.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686131 TI - The effect of cardiac denervation and beta-blockade on control of cardiac output in exercising dogs. AB - Normal and cardiac denervated dogs, with an electromagnetic aortic flowprobe implanted at least 14 days before the experiments, ran at different speeds on a 25% graded treadmill. The experiments were carried out before and after blockade of betareceptors in the heart by PO administration of 125 mg X kg-1 practolol per day. Changes in stroke volume, heart rate, and cardiac output were measured. After beta-adrenergic blockade, only two of the seven dogs with denervated hearts were prepared to run at a limited number of speeds. Time constants of the cardiac output changes at the onset of exercise were significantly different (P less than 0.001) for the normal (11.5 +/- 0.7 s, mean +/- SEM) and the denervated dogs (29.5 +/- 1.1 s), but in normal dogs did not change with practolol (11.8 +/- 0.8 s). The steady state relationship between cardiac output (CO) and work per unit time performed on the treadmill (P) was for normal dogs: CO = 156 + 1.55P, for normal dogs after practolol treatment: CO = 156 + 0.43P (slope significantly different, P less than 0.05), and for dogs with denervated hearts: CO = 121 + 2.06P (not significantly different from normal dogs). It was concluded that changes in the venous or arterial system alone are not sufficient to increase cardiac output appreciably during exercise. The magnitude of the cardiac output increase depends more on the presence of intact beta-receptors than on the presence of intact cardiac nerves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686132 TI - Enzymatic adaptations to treadmill training in skeletal muscle of young and old rats. AB - The activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase (HK), citrate synthetase (CS), and 3-hydroacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HAD), were measured in Soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of four different age groups of male Wistar rats. Young rats (3 months) and old rats (24 months) were trained during 12 weeks by a 3 days a week running exercises session. Each training session was of 2 h. All the enzymatic activities increased between 3 and 6 months in both Soleus and EDL muscles. During aging (6-27 months) Soleus showed about the same percent decrease in enzymatic activities (30%) for the four enzymes studied. In contrast with Soleus, CS activity of EDL increased with age but HK, LDH, and HAD decreased. The training induced an improvement of all enzymatic activities, except for LDH, which decreased with training in same cases. In the old group the training effect was more important than in the young group. When the relative enzymatic activities were compared it was found that Soleus muscle keeps its energy supply enzyme pattern during aging, whereas EDL evolutes to a more oxidative metabolism. Moreover old skeletal muscle remains trainable and training induces an enzymatic adaptation which follows the same pattern in both muscles: an increase of HK, CS, and HAD activities and a decrease of LDH. PMID- 6686133 TI - Elevated serum creatine kinase MB and creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme fractions after ultra-marathon running. AB - To determine the incidence and range of serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme activity after ultra-marathon running, a popular test kit was used to measure total serum creatine kinase (CK) and CK MB-activity in 75 athletes immediately after they had completed an 88-km running race. Total serum CK activity was markedly elevated after the race (mean value: 637 U X 1(-1) and 45 (60%) runners showed abnormal CK-MB isoenzyme activities (greater than 4% of total CK activity - range 1-19%). Electrophoresis of 31 sera with either CK-MB to total CK activity greater than 4% or with total CK activity greater than 854 U X 1(-1) showed that 31 (100%) had visible CK-MM bands, 21 (68%) had visible CK-BB bands, but only 14 (44%) had visible CK-MB bands. We conclude that prolonged exercise increases the serum activity of all three CK-isoenzymes, and that the CK MB test kit used in this study identified a greater number of sera with elevated post-race CK-MB isoenzyme activity than did electrophoresis. This discrepancy could result either from cross-reaction of elevated CK-BB activity with the test kit, or from relative insensitivity of the electrophoresis. The tissue source and long-term significance of the elevated serum CK-MB and CK-BB isoenzyme activity induced by ultra-marathon running are uncertain. Until these issues are resolved, these biochemical findings in ultra-marathon runners must be interpreted with the appropriate caution. PMID- 6686134 TI - Aerobic capacity and fractional utilisation of aerobic capacity in elite and non elite male and female marathon runners. AB - The physiology of marathon running has been extensively studied both in the laboratory and in the field, but these investigations have been confined to elite competitors. In the present study 28 competitors who took part in a marathon race (42.2 km) have been studied; 18 male subjects recorded times from 2 h 19 min 58 s to 4 h 53 min 23 s; 10 female subjects recorded times between 2 h 53 min 4 s and 5 h 16 min 1 s. Subjects visited the laboratory 2-3 weeks after the race and ran on a motor driven treadmill at a series of speeds and inclines; oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured during running at average marathon racing pace. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was measured during uphill running. For both males (r = 0.88) and females (r = 0.63), linear relationships were found to exist between marathon performance and aerobic capacity. Similarly, the fraction of VO2 max which was sustained throughout the race was significantly correlated with performance for both male (r = 0.74) and female (r = 0.73) runners. The fastest runners were running at a speed requiring approximately 75% of VO2 max; for the slowest runners, the work load corresponded to approximately 60% of VO2 max. Correction of these estimates for the additional effort involved in overcoming air resistance, and in running on uneven terrain will substantially increase the oxygen requirement for the faster runners, while having a much smaller effect on the work rate of the slowest competitors. Five minutes of treadmill running at average racing pace at zero gradient did not result in marked elevation of the blood lactate concentration in any of the subjects. PMID- 6686135 TI - Rowing performance, a mathematical model based on analysis of body dimensions as exemplified by body weight. AB - The theory of body dimensional influence on muscular work is employed for calculating the racing time of heavy- and lightweight male, and female rowers. The developed equation predicts racing results with an accuracy of 1 s +/- 1.7 (SE). The prediction of a 2.6% advantage of the heavyweights (average bodyweight) 93 kg over the lightweights (70 kg) is in excellent agreement with observations (2.5%). Significant implications of the equation would be to row without a coxswain, to reduce boat weight to a minimum, and to increase racing distance e.g., for females to the racing distance rowed by the males (2,000 m) in order to reduce the influence of body dimensions on rowing performance. PMID- 6686136 TI - Changes in cerebral norepinephrine induced by vibration or noise stress. AB - To investigate the effects of whole body vibration on the central nervous system, rats were exposed to various whole body vibrations and examined for changes in the levels of norepinephrine (NE) in whole brain or regions of the brain. Whole brain NE had decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) after an acceleration of 5.0G with a frequency of 20 Hz; and the decrease was also observed in the hypothalamus (P less than 0.01) and the hippocampus (P less than 0.10). Exposure to noise [100 dB (A)] caused a significant decrease in NE. This decrease related particularly to a significant decrease in midbrain NE (P less than 0.05) and a non-significant decrease of NE in the hypothalamus. PMID- 6686138 TI - Selective transcription of a cloned cauliflower mosaic virus DNA fragment in vitro by soybean RNA polymerase II in the presence of dinucleotide primers. AB - Transcription of a cloned cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) DNA fragment (plasmid pCa 8) was studied at a low enzyme: DNA ratio. Preincubation with purine nucleoside triphosphates leads to essentially random transcription, while in the presence of a dinucleoside monophosphate and a purine nucleoside triphosphate in the preincubation medium certain combinations prime preferential transcription of the eucaryotic moiety of the chimeric plasmid. Characterisation of transcription primed by the most efficient combination, ApG + ATP, shows that a low enzyme: DNA ratio is absolutely essential for selective initiation. Interestingly the presence of the eucaryotic insertion is essential for the transcription of vector sequences. Analysis of RNA primed by ApG + ATP and of short chains synthesised in the presence of the GTP analogue 3'-OMeGTP shows a high degree of selectivity of transcription initiation sites. Hybridisation of primed RNA to restriction fragments of pCa8 shows that initiation occurs within a limited region of the inserted CaMV fragment. PMID- 6686137 TI - Recovery from short term intense exercise: its relation to capillary supply and blood lactate concentration. AB - Muscle force recovery from short term intense exercise was examined in 16 physically active men. They performed 50 consecutive maximal voluntary knee extensions. Following a 40-s rest period five additional maximal contractions were executed. The decrease in torque during the 50 contractions and the peak torque during the five contractions relative to initial torque were used as indices for fatigue and recovery, respectively. Venous blood samples were collected repeatedly up to 8 min post exercise for subsequent lactate analyses. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis and analysed for fiber type composition, fiber area, and capillary density. Peak torque decreased 67 (range 47-82%) as a result of the repeated contractions. Following recovery, peak torque averaged 70 (47-86%) of the initial value. Lactate concentration after the 50 contractions was 2.9 +/- 1.3 mmol X 1(-1) and the peak post exercise value averaged 8.7 +/- 2.1 mmol X 1(-1). Fatigue and recovery respectively were correlated with capillary density (r = -0.71 and 0.69) but not with fiber type distribution. A relationship was demonstrated between capillary density and post exercise/peak post exercise blood lactate concentration (r = 0.64). Based on the present findings it is suggested that lactate elimination from the exercising muscle is partly dependent upon the capillary supply and subsequently influences the rate of muscle force recovery. PMID- 6686139 TI - Comment to the paper "Ultrasound and computer tomography in staging of bladder tumours". AB - The interference of Transurethral Resection (TUR) with CT staging of bladder cancer is discussed in reaction to a recent publication. PMID- 6686140 TI - Endoscopic surgery in distal obstruction of the ejaculatory ducts. AB - Endoscopic surgery in ejaculatory disorders requires a selection of cases and technical peculiarities, attention to which is drawn in this study. A disorder in the emission stage of the ejaculated product due to distal obstruction of the ejaculatory ducts or veru may be isolated. 9 cases are described. The endoscopic surgery carried out in these 9 cases, was a supramontal arciform incision in 4 cases, longitudinal incision in 2 cases and veru section in 3 cases. This allowed drainage of the ejaculate from the seminal vesicle to the urethra, improving its volume and/or quality, in 5 of the cases. PMID- 6686141 TI - Andrological implications of congenital posterior urethral valves in adults. A case of retained ejaculation and review in western literature. AB - This report is the second case in Western medical literature of retained ejaculation and subsequent sterility due to posterior urethral valves. A survey of this anomaly in adults is presented together with its andrological implications. PMID- 6686142 TI - Spinal antagonism of tolerance and dependence induced by systemically administered morphine. AB - We observed that the spinal cord of rats was involved in development of tolerance and dependence to morphine that was administered systemically by s.c. morphine pellet implantation. Rats, surgically fitted with intrathecal catheters, were injected intrathecally (i.t.) with saline or 2.4 nmol beta-chlornaltrexamine (beta-CNA), an irreversible opiate antagonist. Twenty-four h later, animals were implanted s.c. with either placebo or morphine pellets. Seventy-two h after implanting pellets, development of tolerance or dependence was assessed. Control animals implanted with morphine pellets became tolerant to analgesia induced by i.p. injections of morphine as determined by the use of tail flick and hot plate analgesic assays. beta-CNA pretreatment antagonized the effects of i.p. injections of morphine and blocked development of tolerance in morphine-implanted animals. Dependence was assessed by observing several characteristic signs of precipitated withdrawal. Treatment with beta-CNA before morphine treatment antagonized naloxone-induced expression of withdrawal for all signs observed, except weight loss. We conclude that the spinal cord plays a significant role in development of tolerance and dependence induced by systemically administered opiates. PMID- 6686143 TI - Forskolin binding sites in rat liver and brain membranes. AB - Using [3H]14,15-dihydroforskolin as a radioactive ligand, forskolin binding sites in rat liver and rat brain membranes were identified. Scatchard analysis of binding data revealed equilibrium dissociation constants of 1.6 microM in liver and 0.79 microM in brain membranes. The ligand could be displaced by either forskolin or dihydroforskolin. The maximal number of binding sites in liver and brain was 179 and 3.2 pmol/mg protein, respectively. The question whether these forskolin binding sites are related to the adenylate cyclase stimulating action of the diterpene remains open. PMID- 6686144 TI - beta-Phenylethylamine-, d-amphetamine-and l-amphetamine-induced place preference conditioning in rats. AB - The conditioned place preference paradigm was used to study the reinforcing properties of beta-phenylethylamine (PEA), d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine. The results confirmed that each drug produced place preferences for a distinctive environment that had previously been paired with the drug treatment. PEA proved as effective as the amphetamine isomers, although substantially less potent. This is the first report of a reinforcing effect of PEA in the rat and supplements previous evidence that PEA is self-administered intravenously in the dog. PMID- 6686145 TI - Influence of lesion of the limbic-hypothalamic system on metabolic responses of acetate to daily repeated cold exposures in rabbits. AB - The effects of the lesions of basal medial hypothalamus and limbic structure on the acetate metabolic responses to daily repeated cold exposures in rabbit's liver has been investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows: (1) The lesions of periventricular arcuate nucleus (ARC) had no effects on the acetate metabolism and on the acetate metabolic responses to the 1st cold exposure (cold exposure on the 1st day). (2) The metabolic pattern of acetate and the acetate metabolic responses to the 1st cold exposure were altered by the lesions of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), stria terminalis (ST) and dorsal fornix (FX). (3) The effects of cold exposure on the acetate metabolism were completely abolished by the seven times repetition of cold exposures in the rabbits with the lesions of ARC, VMH or ST, as the same as in each sham-operated group. (4) The acetate metabolic responses to cold exposure remained after the seven times repetition of cold exposure in the rabbits with the lesions of FX, but those disappeared completely in sham-operated animals. (5) From these results, it might be suggested that the VMH, amygdala(AMYG)-ST system, dorsal hippocampus(HPC)-FX system played some roles in the metabolic regulation of acetate and in the mechanisms of acetate metabolic responses to the 1st cold exposure, but the ARC did not participate in those mechanisms. And it was suggested that the HPC-FX system participated in the acetate metabolic adaptation to daily cold exposures, but the basal medial hypothalamus and AMYG-ST system did not participate in this process. PMID- 6686146 TI - Ergometric heart rate, blood pressure and work capacity (PWC170) in type I diabetics with diabetes-specific microangiopathy. AB - 118 male and 68 female type I diabetics and 25 male and 23 female nondiabetic healthy controls were compared during submaximal bicycle ergometer tests using four work stages (duration: 6 min each) of 50 W, 75 W, 100 W and a submaximal stage producing a heart rate of 170 min-1. We found that male type I diabetics with and without retinopathy who had significantly higher than normal heart rates both at the start and during the ergometer test also had above normal ergometric blood pressures. Female type I diabetics, in contrast, did not differ significantly from the controls in terms of heart rate before and during the ergometer tests. The PWC170 of all male type I diabetics was, in contrast to that of the female patients, lower than that of the controls. In diabetics with diabetic nephropathy there was no correlation between exercised acceleration of the heart rate and the degree of nephropathy despite their higher heart rates at the beginning and during the ergometer test, but a correlation was found between the ergometrically increased blood pressure and the severity of the diabetic nephropathy. In male type I diabetics cardiocirculatory adaptation to muscular work was reduced, and this reduction became more marked as the degree of diabetic microangiopathy increased. Compared with the controls, the increase in systolic blood pressure evoked by activity on the ergometer in male and female type I diabetics was disproportionate to the actual load and correlated with the degree of diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 6686147 TI - The effect of repeated administration of L-thyroxine on the activity of certain enzymes in the blood plasma of hens. AB - Studies on the influence of long-lasting hyperthyroidism on enzyme activities and total protein level in the blood plasma of adult Leghorn hens showed that: 1. Protein level during whole experimental period showed inconsiderable variability irrespective of T4 dose. 2. Activity of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) increased. Changes were dependent on T4 dosage level. 3. T4 had no effect on activity of aldolase. PMID- 6686148 TI - Sexual differences in serum free amino acid levels in thyropathies. AB - Changes in serum free amino acid level with respect to sex and thyroid function are described. In euthyroid men, the amount of total, glucogenic, essential and nonessential amino acids is significantly higher than in euthyroid women. Patients with thyrotoxicosis exhibited increased levels of all main groups of free amino acids in blood serum. However, the sex-related differences in the main amino acids groups disappeared. The hypothyroidism was also accompanied by the disappearance of the sexual differences between the individual amino acids. The content of essential amino acids declined both in hypothyroid males and females. The participation of metabolic alterations of androgens and estrogens accompanying thyropathies in the genesis of sex-linked amino acid changes is discussed. PMID- 6686149 TI - Fertility control in vas occluded rats and the biochemical effects of ascorbic acid feeding. AB - A new approach to rapid male sterilization has been studied by giving a single injection of 95% ethanol directly into the vas deferens. It produced an effective block in the lumen. The mating exposure test showed that the males were sterile. Vas occlusion caused an atrophy of the Cauda epididymis. Extensive necrosis and exfoliation of the seminiferous elements were conspicuous. Reduced succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, vesicular fructose and altered ascorbate turnover pattern could be restored to normal by simultaneous ascorbic acid feeding. In conclusion ascorbic acid feeding plays a definite beneficial role in vas occluded rats. The antiandrogenic effects of vas occlusion could be reversed by simultaneous ascorbic acid feeding. PMID- 6686150 TI - Plasma concentration and urinary excretion of arginine-vasopressin in primary aldosteronism during the fluid deprivation tests. AB - Plasma concentration (PAVP) and urinary excretion (UAVP) of arginine-vasopressin were studied in 8 patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) during a 36 hour period of fluid restriction in relation to the disturbances of their maximal renal concentrating capacity. The results in untreated patients suffering from PA were compared with the findings in patients after a successful treatment of PA as well as with the results in 9 control subjects. The reduction of maximal renal concentrating ability in PA before the treatment was accompanied with a high excretion of UAVP and the physiological reaction of PAVP to dehydration. Together with the shift of the regression line of the dependence of UOsm on UAVP to higher values of UAVP this indicates a decrease of the sensitivity of the nephrons to the sufficiently high concentrations of endogenous AVP. The increase of renal AVP clearance in PA participates in the high urinary excretion of AVP. The disturbance of the renal concentrating ability as well as the changes of urinary AVP in PA are mostly reversible. After the successful treatment of PA and the completion of potassium stores in the body as well as the healing of the kaliopenic nephropathy, the maximal renal concentrating capacity and AVP gradually return to values close or equal to those in healthy subjects. PMID- 6686151 TI - Studies on growth and enzymatic characteristics of human mammary tumours grown in heterologous host. AB - Human mammary tumours were grown in diffusion chambers in the heterologous host- Charle's Foster rat. The effect of oophorectomy-induced alterations of the hormonal environment of the host in breast tumour cells grown in the diffusion chamber were studied with respect to their growth patterns and enzymatic characteristics. The tumour cells not only survived but actively proliferated as indicated by the increase in cell count and formation of cell sheets as well as by the presence of mitotic figures. Cytochemical studies of certain enzymatic activities, i.e. succinic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase indicate--except for a slight depression of the overall activity--that the distribution patterns are more or less maintained following diffusion chamber culture. The alteration of the hormonal environment by oophorectomy influences the cell growth and the enzymatic activity of the human tumour cells inside the diffusion chambers. The results clearly indicate that D.C. culture technique provides a useful method for assessment of growth and hormonal responsiveness of human tumours. PMID- 6686152 TI - Changes of the plasma tryptophan to neutral amino acids ratio in formula-fed infants: possible effects on brain development. AB - The ratio of plasma concentrations of tryptophan to the sum of neutral amino acids (valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine) was found to be significantly lower in formula-fed infants as compared to breast-fed infants and to newborns at birth. This tryptophan to neutral amino acids ratio in the blood is thought to control the synthesis of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin deficiency in the developing brain based on a decreased plasma tryptophan to neutral amino acids ratio may contribute to developmental obesity and/or permanent changes of mental capacity and social adaptability as observed in human subjects who had been formula-fed as compared to those who had been breast-fed in neonatal life. PMID- 6686153 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the neural lobe of the rat pituitary following nicotine pretreatment. AB - The effect of nicotine on the ultrastructural changes and hormone contents of the neural lobe of the pituitary were studied in the rat. Nicotine caused a significant release of both vasopressin and oxytocin from the neural lobe. The examination of the neural lobe with electron microscope reveals the nerve terminals depleted of neurosecretory granules. These results suggest that a definite correlation exists between hormone contents and ultrastructural morphology. PMID- 6686154 TI - Development of six new birth control methods among 1989 goals of WHO Special Programme. PMID- 6686155 TI - [Effect of alcoholization on the serotonin levels of the brain and the rate of ethanol elimination in rat progeny]. AB - During alcoholization of males genetically predisposed to alcoholism, the progeny showed elevated serotonin level in the hypothalamus and high rate of ethanol elimination from the blood. During alcoholization of males genetically non predisposed to alcoholism, the progeny was marked by low rate of ethanol elimination and low serotonin level in the hypothalamus. Alcoholization of females during pregnancy led in the progeny to the reduced level of serotonin in the hypothalamus and brain stem. PMID- 6686156 TI - [Comparative characteristics of methods for forced alcoholization of rats]. PMID- 6686157 TI - Proteolysis of the neurofilament 68 kDa protein explains several previously described brain proteins of unique composition and high acidity. AB - Neurofilaments follow the structural principles of non-neuronal intermediate filaments but contain additional sequences which are carboxyterminally located and increase in length between triplet proteins (68 kDa, 160 kDa and 200 kDa). The tailpiece domain has been sequenced in the case of the porcine 68 kDa protein. It has a unique amino acid composition. Within 106 residues there are only 12 different amino acid types, and glutamic acid accounts for 46% of the sequence. Examination of the literature on highly acidic brain proteins leads us to the proposal that microglutamic acid-rich protein, Glu-50, macroglutamic protein, as well as some unusual components of the S100 class, are most likely proteolytic degradation products of the neurofilament 68 kDa protein. PMID- 6686158 TI - Identification and characterization of the rat adipocyte glucose transporter by photoaffinity crosslinking. AB - The photoaffinity crosslinking agent hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidobenzoate has been used to attach [3H]cytochalasin B to a rat adipocyte low-density microsomal membrane protein of 45-50 kDa. The characteristics of the [3H]cytochalasin B labeled protein are consistent with those of the adipocyte glucose transporter. The low-density microsomes from cells incubated without insulin incorporate twice the amount of radioactivity per mg membrane protein than low-density microsomes derived from insulin-stimulated cells. This value agrees with the distribution of glucose transporters measured in this intracellular membrane fraction prepared from basal and insulin-treated cells by [3H]cytochalasin B binding. Preincubation of membranes with 500 mM D-glucose reduces the photoaffinity crosslinking by 48% relative to that observed with 500 mM L-glucose. Isoelectric focusing of low density microsomes containing the photoaffinity crosslinked transporter yields three bands of radioactivity focusing at pH values of 5.5, 4.5, and 4.2 respectively. Following isolation from the isoelectric focusing gel and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, all three peaks can be shown to contain a band of 45-50 kDa which crossreacts with an antiserum raised against the purified human erythrocyte glucose transporter. These results suggest that the identification, isolation and purification of the adipocyte glucose transporter is now possible using the techniques described above. PMID- 6686159 TI - Purification of three rat atrial natriuretic factors and their amino acid composition. AB - A natriuretic factor has been described in the specific granules of rat atria. We have purified three factors which seem to be low-Mr peptides. They have been purified by means of acid extraction, octadecyl Sep-Pak cartridges, and chromatography on Bio-Gel P-10, CM Bio-Gel A, Mono S and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography columns. The factors contain 26, 31 and 33 amino acids and may have been partially degraded during isolation. They are all 3 biologically active and the shorter one is the most active with a specific activity of 450 000 units/mg. PMID- 6686160 TI - [Changes in the electrophysiological characteristics of the neuromuscular apparatus in rats with congenital limb deformities]. PMID- 6686161 TI - [Comparative analysis of the effect of alpha-thrombin and trypsin on the state of the anticoagulating system]. AB - The reflex response of anticoagulating system was studied in perfusion of humorally isolated sinocarotid area with trypsin and alpha-thrombin in rabbits with intact neural connections. Trypsin (1.5 and 3.8 microM) does not induce a reflex release of heparin and plasminogen activator into the blood flow whereas alpha-thrombin (0.5 microM) activates the anticoagulating system which is evident from elongation of the recalcification period, augmentation of total fibrinolytic activity and non-enzyme fibrinolysis of the blood plasma. The level of plasminogen activator sharply rises in the blood with no significant augmentation of the plasmin activity. The data obtained suggest that the specific nature of thrombin in due to the area of high-molecular substrates binding rather than proteolytic activity. Chemoreceptors of the sinocarotid area fail to respond to thrombin after trypsin perfusion which suggests failure of the receptor apparatus after contact with trypsin. PMID- 6686162 TI - [Various characteristics of the cardiac component of the baroreceptor reflex in the alert rat]. PMID- 6686163 TI - Mechanical strength of the tibial resection surface in total knee replacement. PMID- 6686164 TI - Ground reaction forces during human standing. PMID- 6686165 TI - The load bearing capacity of vertebral cancellous bone in interbody fusion of the lumbar spine. PMID- 6686166 TI - Ten years of experience with test criteria for fracture-proof anchorage stems of artificial hip joints. PMID- 6686167 TI - Biomedical engineering teaching and research at the centre for biomedical engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia. PMID- 6686168 TI - Biomedical engineering at the University of Technology Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands. PMID- 6686169 TI - Education in the field of biomedical engineering for Japanese engineering students. PMID- 6686170 TI - Human growth hormone but not ovine or bovine growth hormones exhibits galactopoietic prolactin-like activity in organ culture from bovine lactating mammary gland. AB - Explants from the mammary gland of 6 lactating cows were cultured in M-199 medium containing insulin (1.0 micrograms/ml) and hydrocortisone (0.5 micrograms/ml) and supplemented with bPRL (0.2-1.0 micrograms/ml) or oGH (0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 micrograms/ml) or bGH or hGH (0.2 and 1.0 micrograms/ml). It was found that neither oGH nor bGH significantly increased (P less than 0.05) the casein and fat synthesis and alpha-lactalbumin secretion above the control level. A significant and almost equal increase was, however, observed in the presence of bPRL and hGH, but was not influenced by the simultaneous addition of oGH to bPRL-containing medium (both at 0.5 micrograms/ml). Various hormonal treatments did not affect casein secretion and glucose uptake. High correlations (r = 0.89-0.97) were found between the mean values for casein and fat synthesis and alpha-lactalbumin secretion. Our results suggest that (a) the in vivo galactopoietic activity of bGH does not result from a direct effect of synthetic capacities on the mammary gland, and (b) hGH is a potent lactogen in the organ culture of bovine lactating mammary tissue. PMID- 6686171 TI - Calcium-mediated release of glucanase activity from cortical granules of sea urchin eggs. AB - Confluent monolayers of sea urchin eggs were bonded to culture dishes coated with protamine sulfate. The cytoplasm was then sheared away by a jet of isosmotic buffer. About 326,000 circular fragments of individual egg cortices (430 micrograms protein) remained bound to each dish. The fragments are composed of cortical granules (CG), plasma membrane, and vitelline layer. A single dish contains 7.7 X 10(8) CG and is referred to as a CG lawn (CGL). Ca2+-EGTA buffers of estimated free-Ca2+ concentrations (0.06-25.7 microM) were applied to CGL and samples removed and assayed for the CG marker enzyme exo-beta (1 leads to 3) glucanohydrolase (glucanase). Estimated free-Ca2+ concentrations above 2.75 microM caused the total release of the glucanase to the supernatant within 4 min. The half-maximal rate of appearance of glucanase occurred in 2.5 microM Ca2+. At all Ca2+ concentrations tested, the appearance of enzyme activity exhibited sigmoidal kinetics. The visual disappearance of CG correlated with the appearance of glucanase in the Ca2+ buffer. In response to Ca2+ the CG probably lyse, fuse with adjacent CG, or fuse with the underlying plasma membrane. The calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine inhibited Ca2+-mediated glucanase release from CGL (I50 8 microM). The sensitivity of the CGL to Ca2+ in the 1-10 microM range is rapidly lost during incubation of CGL in the isolation buffer. ATP and low temperature retard the rate of loss of Ca2+ sensitivity. These secretory granules are a model for studying the mechanism of Ca2+-induced secretion. In addition, they contain structural proteins and enzymes which function in the fertilization process. CGL preparations should be useful in studies dealing with the processing of CG components after their release in response to micromolar concentrations of Ca2+. PMID- 6686174 TI - [Genotypic dispersion and covariance between relatives under linkage disequilibrium]. AB - A random mating diploid population under linkage disequilibrium is considered. In the case of two diallelic loci, the problem about condition and joint distributions of genotypes of relatives being in arbitrary genetic relations is solved. Formulae of the partitioning of genotypic variance and covariance between relatives with respect to a polygenic character are inferred (in the case of many characters - of genotypic covariance matrix). PMID- 6686173 TI - [Intra- and interpopulation differentiation of human genomes by molecular DNA hybridization]. AB - The DNA-DNA hybridization method was used to compare the repetitive sequences with a low degree of intragenomic divergence in various etno-territorial groups (Russians, Bouriats and Paleoasiats). Values of intergenomic divergence within groups and between them were estimated by a decrease in melting temperature of hybrid duplexes in relation to homologous 3H-labeled thermostable fraction reassociates of DNA of a Russian. Statistically valid differences in melting temperature were revealed when Russian, Bouriat and Paleoasiatic groups were compared. No such differences were found within each of the groups. Though the thermostability profiles had much in common in each case, some quantitative differences in melting temperature allowed to differentiate local groups in humans. PMID- 6686172 TI - Male gonadotrophic factor in brain and blood of photoperiodically stimulated slugs. AB - A pulmonate male gonadotrophic factor (MGF) has been described that is released from cerebral ganglia of male-phase slugs (Limax maximus). This factor produces, directly or indirectly, an increase in spermatogonial proliferation as determined by in vivo incorporation of [3H]thymidine into gonadal DNA. In the present investigation MGF activity was demonstrated in saline homogenates of male-phase cerebral ganglia by injecting homogenates into immature slugs for 5 consecutive days and assaying gonadal [3H]thymidine incorporation on Day 7. Dose-response data indicate that daily administration of as little as 0.1 brain equivalent can produce a significant stimulation in incorporation. Comparison of brain homogenates from immature (short-day) and male-phase (long-day) animals has shown that male-phase cerebral ganglia contain substantially more MGF activity than immature ganglia. Similar injection experiments using slug blood plasma showed that activity is present in male-phase blood but not in the blood of short-day immatures. MGF activity in long-day brain homogenates and blood plasma was found to be associated with a molecular weight fraction of 50 to 100 kDa obtained by ultrafiltration. Activity could be reduced or destroyed by treatment with trypsin or by heating. The present findings suggest that MGF is a proteinaceous factor of substantial size. It appears that both the synthesis and the secretion of MFG are stimulated in slugs that are in their male developmental phase as a result of prior exposure to long-day photoperiods. PMID- 6686175 TI - [Rare case of mosaicism for chromosome 18, karyotype: 46, XX, del(18) (p11)/46, XX, i(18q)]. AB - Rare mosaicism of chromosome No 18 is described. The proposita is 5.5 years old and has two cell clones: 50% of cells are monosomic for 18p and 50% have isochromosome i18q. The ratio of these clones (1:1) is found to be similar at the age of the proposita 2.5 and 5.5 years. The proposita has some phenotypic characters of both 18p- (ptosis, epicanthus, deformed carious teeth, falled back sternum etc.) and trisomy 18q (contraction of external auditory meatus, femur luxatus congenitus etc.) syndromes. A possible mechanism for the origin of such a mosaicism is discussed. PMID- 6686176 TI - The effect of prostaglandin inhibitors on the laser-induced disruption of blood aqueous barrier in the rabbit. AB - In four series, each containing five pigmented rabbits, the therapeutic effects of different anti-inflammatory agents on the laser-induced disruption of the blood aqueous barrier was investigated. Utilizing an argon laser, the peripheral iris of the left eye of each animal was coagulated with a total energy input of 1,000 mJ. The right eyes served as controls. After the coagulation the intraocular pressure was monitored at intervals of 10 min, and the anterior chamber was tapped for analysis of the aqueous humour 100 min after treatment. In a fifth group of five rabbits, aqueous humour was analysed without laser or drug treatment. The protein concentration and the activity of the lactate dehydrogenase were analysed in all samples of aqueous humour. A significant effect on the protection of the blood aqueous barrier could be identified in the eyes pre-treated with indomethacin (2 mg/kg body weight, injected intramuscularly), and in those pre-treated with dexamethasone (12.8 mg/kg body weight, injected intravenously; P less than 0.025%). Pre-treatment with aspirin (20 mg/kg body weight, injected intravenously) also had a protective response in the eyes treated by laser. The significance of the results of clinical treatment is outlined. PMID- 6686178 TI - [Reproductive disturbances associated with hyperandrogenicity in women]. PMID- 6686177 TI - The time course of laser-induced disruption of the blood aqueous barrier in the rabbit. AB - The response of the blood aqueous barrier to a defined laser trauma was investigated in a series of seven groups with three pigmented rabbits in each group. The peripheral iris of the left eye was treated with the Argon laser (ten spots of 50-microns size with an energy of 100 mJ). The right eyes served as controls. The anterior chambers of both eyes were tapped at given time intervals after the laser coagulation to enable the analysis of the protein content of the aqueous humour and for the assay of the lactate dehydrogenase activity. Within 100 min after laser treatment a positive correlation between time and protein concentration in the anterior chambers of the treated eyes (r=0.77) and in the untreated eyes (r=0.79) was established. There was a significant response on the blood aqueous barrier in the untreated fellow eyes. The activity of the lactate dehydrogenase showed a significant increase 5, 70 and 100 min after laser trauma in the treated eyes only. The laser trauma induced a significant increase (alpha 0.01) in the intraocular pressures of the treated eyes, which persisted up to 70 min after treatment. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6686180 TI - Studies of saccharin and cyclohexylamine in a coupled microsomal activating/embryo culture system. AB - Rat embryos undergoing organogenesis (day 10.5 of pregnancy) were exposed to 1.0 mM-saccharin or 0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 mM-cyclohexylamine in an in vitro metabolic activating/embryo culture system. Either in the absence or presence of a metabolic activating system, 1.0 mM-saccharin had few adverse effects on yolk-sac growth or embryo growth or differentiation. However, rat embryos cultured in vitro with cyclohexylamine and an adult rat hepatic microsomal activating system showed more growth retardation and dysmorphogenicity than embryos exposed to the same concentrations of cyclohexylamine alone. A concentration of 1.0 mM cyclohexylamine alone reduced yolk-sac DNA content (by 51%), embryo DNA content (69%) and crown-rump length (26%). In the presence of a hepatic microsomal activating system this same dose of cyclohexylamine decreased yolk-sac DNA (60%), embryo DNA (84%) and crown-rump length (49%). The effects of the metabolic activating system and of cyclohexylamine were additive. Other than decreasing final embryo DNA content, exposure to 0.1 and 0.3 mM-cyclohexylamine did not produce any deleterious effects on in vitro rat embryo growth or differentiation. Thus a substantial concentration of saccharin (1.0 mM) or cyclohexylamine (0.3 mM) in vitro did not elicit markedly deleterious effects on rat organogenesis, a result in keeping with published in vivo findings. PMID- 6686179 TI - [Incidence of galactorrhea]. PMID- 6686181 TI - Short-term toxicity of 2,6-dimethylhept-5-en-1-al in rats. AB - Groups of 15 male and 15 female rats were fed for at least 90 days on diets that provided 2,6-dimethylhept-5-en-1-al (DMH) at average intakes of 0 (control), 9, 37 and 150 mg/kg body weight/day. Steps were taken to limit loss of DMH during diet mixing, storage and feeding. No effects attributable to treatment were encountered in body weight, food intake, water intake, haematology (at wk 6 and 13) or the gross and microscopic pathological examinations. At the highest dose level there was a slight reduction in renal concentrating ability at wk 6 in males and wk 14 in females, together with a small increase in relative kidney weight and liver weight in females. The serum-glucose concentrations of both sexes on the highest dose were elevated compared with the controls. It was concluded that the intermediate dose, providing an intake of 37 mg/kg/day, was the no-untoward-effect level. PMID- 6686182 TI - Distribution of 14C-labelled ochratoxin A in pregnant mice. AB - Autoradiography was used to study the distribution of 14C-labelled ochratoxin A for up to 4 hr after its iv administration to mice at various stages of pregnancy. The highest 14C concentration was consistently found in the bile throughout the experimental period. The concentration of radioactivity in the tissues was found, in decreasing order, in the liver, kidney, blood, salivary glands, large vessels, brown fat, myocardium, uterus and lymphatic tissues. The toxin was shown to cross the placental barrier on day 9 of pregnancy, at which time it is most effective in producing foetal malformations. PMID- 6686183 TI - Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in UK total diets. AB - Analysis of UK total-diet samples for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was carried out using a simplified sample clean-up and a high-performance liquid chromatography dual fluorescence detector system. The results indicate that cereals and oils/fats contribute the major part (approximately one third each) of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in these total diets. Fruit, sugars and vegetables provide much of the remainder (approximately one quarter) while meat, fish, milk and beverages make relatively minor contributions. These results are compared with others in the current literature on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in foods. The levels in the UK diet seem to be at least as low as those found elsewhere. PMID- 6686184 TI - Interaction of chlorophenoxyalkyl acid herbicides with rat-liver glutathione S transferases. AB - The in vitro interaction of four chlorophenoxyalkyl (CPA) acid herbicides with rat-liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) was studied using reduced glutathione and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrates. Inhibition of GST activity by the CPA acids in crude extracts was dose dependent. Ring substitution and side-chain length were shown to be of importance in determining the extent of GST inhibition. While GST AA, an isoenzyme of GST, was stimulated by two CPA acids, each of the other GST isoenzymes (A, B, C, E and M) was inhibited, to different degrees. Kinetic studies revealed a mixed type inhibition of the isoenzymes. Conjugates of CPA acids with glutathione were not formed. These results indicate that CPA acids interact with GST by binding directly to these proteins, possibly at a different locus from that of the substrate. The binding of CPA acids to GST may, therefore, have a protective function against these herbicides. PMID- 6686185 TI - Interactions of C12 surfactants with the skin: studies on enzyme release and percutaneous absorption in vitro. AB - Using an in vitro penetration cell, it has been shown that enzymes (acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and N-acetylglucosaminidase) are released from rat-skin slices in response to contact with two irritant C12 surfactants, sodium laurate and sodium lauryl sulphate, but not with the non-irritant sodium lauroyl isethionate. About 3-5 hr contact of the stratum corneum with surfactant and a long incubation time (24 hr) were required for enzyme release. Adsorption and penetration of the two effective surfactants was also studied and the results for sodium lauryl sulphate suggested a relationship between enzyme release and adsorption of surfactant. However, no such simple relationship was observed for sodium laurate, emphasizing the complex nature of surfactant interactions with the skin. PMID- 6686186 TI - Interactions of C12 surfactants with the skin: changes in enzymes and visible and histological features of rat skin treated with sodium lauryl sulphate. AB - Rat skin was treated with 35 mM-sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and samples were taken after one, three or five treatments, or 24 hr after the fifth treatment for measurement of enzyme release and epidermal enzyme levels. Release of acid phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly higher than in controls after five treatments with SLS, and epidermal levels of AP, LDH and N acetylglucosaminidase were also higher than in controls in skin taken 24 hr after the fifth treatment. The relationship of these changes to the irritant response, assessed visually and histologically, was investigated in two out of three experiments. Although the timing of the irritant response was variable, enzyme release accompanied the development of erythema and oedema in each case, and extensive enzyme release was associated histologically with epidermal oedema and an increase in dermal leucocytes. The increase in epidermal enzyme activities also followed the development of the reaction to SLS, and it seemed to be related to epidermal thickening. PMID- 6686187 TI - Interactions of ultraviolet radiation, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate and retinoic acid in the skin of hairless mice. AB - Epidermal changes (mitosis, DNA synthesis, hyperplasia and acanthosis) were used to assay the effects of three different treatments on the dorsal skin of hairless mice: ultraviolet radiation (UVR), all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and/or 12-O tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Mice receiving 20 exposures to fluorescent sunlamps in 4 wk (200 Robertson-Berger counts, or about one erythema dose daily, 5 days/wk) and subsequent topical application of methanol (3 applications/wk, beginning 3 wk after the end of UVR treatment) still displayed hyperproliferative cellular activity at least 17 wk after the final UV irradiation. Alone, either RA or TPA (0.001% in methanol, applied topically 3 times/wk) had similar hyperproliferative effects on the epidermis initially, but the skin appeared to adapt to continued treatment with TPA after 14 wk while RA treated skin remained hyperproliferative. To study the effects of each reagent on UVR-exposed skin, an initiation-promotion protocol was used: repeated applications of the test compound were started 3 wk after the end of 4 wk of UVR exposures. By this method, treatment with either TPA or RA resulted in additional epidermal activity initially. However, although TPA-treated epidermis returned to the control level of activity by wk 21, no significant adaptation to RA treatment was seen. PMID- 6686189 TI - Reducing nitrosamine contamination in cutting fluids. AB - In simulated metalworking coolants that contained both nitrite and di- or triethanolamine at pH 9, N-nitrosodiethanolamine formed at an initial rate of 11 or 6 ppm/wk, respectively. This rate was increased on heating the fluids, on acidification or by the addition of paraformaldehyde, 1,3,5-trimethylhexahydro-s triazine, ferricyanide or ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetate. N Nitrosodiethanolamine also formed when nitrite-free coolants containing either of the two amines above were exposed to nitric oxide in air. No nitrosamines were detected in fluids containing primary amines in place of the secondary and tertiary amines, except that N-nitrosooxazolidine was formed in the fluid containing monoethanolamine after addition of formaldehyde-releasing agents, and N-nitrosodiethanolamine and N-nitrosomorpholine were found in fluid containing diglycolamine (HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2NH2) after the fluid was heated at 100 degrees C for 48 hr. These data suggest several steps by which nitrosamine formation in commercial cutting fluids might be substantially reduced: avoiding acid-splitting as a disposal procedure; removing nitrite from the fluid and/or scavenging adventitious nitrosating agents; avoiding unnecessary heating; adding preservatives to the diluted fluid rather than to the commercial concentrate; replacing inherently nitrosatable amine additives by substitutes which are resistant to nitrosamine formation; minimizing concentrations of catalytically active metal complexes. PMID- 6686188 TI - Carcinogenesis by combinations of N-nitroso compounds in rats. AB - Five N-nitroso compounds were administered individually or in various combinations to groups of 20 female F344 rats to examine possible additive or synergistic effects on mortality rate and the induction of tumours. Combination of the oesophageal carcinogen dinitroso-2,6-dimethylpiperazine with nitrosodiethylamine, which also induces oesophageal tumours, or with nitrosoethylmethylamine, which induces liver tumours, did not appear to increase tumour incidence. Similarly, combination of nitrosodiethylamine with the bladder carcinogen nitrosomethyldodecylamine did not increase the formation of either bladder or oesophageal tumours compared with the effects of either compound alone, although an additive effect was suggested by a higher incidence of liver tumours after the combined treatment than after treatment with either compound alone. Nitrosomethylurethane, which induces tumours of the forestomach in rats, appeared to enhance the effectiveness of nitrosoethylmethylamine and dinitroso 2,6-dimethylpiperazine in inducing tumours of the oesophagus, and increased the rate of death. Nitrosomethylurethane given, at a somewhat higher dose, in combination with both of these compounds increased the incidence of oesophageal tumours even when the treatment lasted only 4 wk. This evidence suggests that additive or synergistic effects of combinations of N-nitroso compounds at low dose rates can be demonstrated in small groups of rats. PMID- 6686190 TI - Use of the New Zealand white rabbit in teratology: incidence of spontaneous and drug-induced malformations. AB - Cumulative data are presented on the occurrence of external, skeletal and visceral abnormalities in foetuses from teratology studies conducted in New Zealand White rabbits over a 10-yr period. The data, based on examinations of over 5500 control foetuses and 19,000 foetuses from treated dams, are derived from studies involving 58 compounds, five of which were judged to be teratogenic. PMID- 6686191 TI - Determination of solanidine in human plasma by radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunoassay for solanidine, the major hydrolysis product of potato glycoalkaloids, has been established and validated for application to human plasma. All 34 samples of human plasma tested contained solanidine, with a mean of 1.27 +/- 0.97 ng/ml (3.18 +/- 2.43 nmol/litre). PMID- 6686194 TI - Carotenoid/free-radical interactions. PMID- 6686193 TI - Monographs on fragrance raw materials. PMID- 6686192 TI - DNA damage of mammalian cells by the beef extract mutagen 2-amino-3 methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline. AB - The beef-extract mutagen, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), was shown, by alkaline elution procedures, to induce DNA damage in radiation-induced mouse leukaemia cells. The effect, which was dose related, occurred in incubations containing S-9 mix derived from polychlorinated biphenyl-induced rat liver but not in the absence of this metabolic activation system. An increased alkaline elution of DNA was also observed following IQ addition to cultures of hepatocytes from 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene-induced rat liver, and the DNA damage was again dose related. IQ has thus been shown to be genotoxic to mammalian cells in the presence of an effective activation system. PMID- 6686195 TI - Polyethylene glycol: a fly in the ointment? PMID- 6686196 TI - Petrol exposure and hepatic enzyme activity. PMID- 6686197 TI - Dinitrotoluene metabolism by gut microflora. PMID- 6686199 TI - A catch every time. PMID- 6686198 TI - Is diethylhexyl phthalate genotoxic? PMID- 6686200 TI - Cytochrome P-450 induction patterns. PMID- 6686201 TI - Mutagenicity of two non-formaldehyde-forming antimicrobial agents. PMID- 6686202 TI - [Tubal sterilization using laser coagulation]. PMID- 6686203 TI - [Aspects of biorhythms in physio- and balneotherapy in relation to bioclimatology]. PMID- 6686204 TI - [Evaluation of manual treatment of the vertebral syndrome in the cervical vertebrae using quantitative thermography]. PMID- 6686206 TI - [New elements and new findings in the protection of mineral springs in the Western Bohemia Region]. PMID- 6686208 TI - [Is there a correlation between uricemia and erythrocyte sedimentation?]. PMID- 6686205 TI - [Replacement of a joint with a total endoprosthesis and its rehabilitation]. PMID- 6686207 TI - [Changes in the microflora spectrum in the large intestine due to drinking of Carlsbad mineral water by patients with chronic constipation and after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 6686209 TI - A genetic component of the variance of N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene-induced DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes determined by a twin study. AB - The level of N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF)-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis and the level of covalent binding of NA-AAF to DNA were determined in the mononuclear leukocytes of monozygotic and diazygotic twin pairs (n = 16 for each type). A statistically significant high degree of heritability was calculated for both parameters which, in turn, indicate genetic control of individual levels of induced DNA damage by NA-AAF. PMID- 6686211 TI - Sex vesicle loss: a possible explanation of the excess of XO over XXY conceptuses in mice and men. PMID- 6686210 TI - Regional localization of the human factor IX gene by molecular hybridization. AB - A cloned cDNA probe encoding human factor IX was used for detecting homologous sequences in rodent human X chromosome hybrids and in human metaphase chromosome preparations. The results of these studies indicate that human factor IX is localized to the Xq27 leads to Xqter region. PMID- 6686212 TI - Family resemblance for blood pressure. AB - Familial correlations are available for individuals reared by biological and foster parents, with and without indices of relevant environment. Five data sets give estimates of genetic heritability which range from 0.194 to 0.360 for systolic pressure and from 0.147 to 0.346 for diastolic pressure. Concomitant estimates of cultural heritability due to common family environment range from 0.042 to 0.183 for systolic pressure and from 0.008 to 0.310 for diastolic pressure. There is good resolution of genetic and environmental determinants. Most of the variance is due to random environment and errors of measurement. Although estimates of variance components are spatiotemporally limited to particular populations, there is good agreement among data sets. PMID- 6686214 TI - Fertility problems in dairy herds. PMID- 6686213 TI - Chicken egg yolk-supplemented medium and the serum-free growth of normal mammalian cells. AB - Supplementation of tissue culture medium with chicken egg yolk can support the proliferation of low density bovine vascular and corneal endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells maintained on basement lamina-coated dishes. The optimal growth-promoting effect was observed at concentrations of 7.5 to 10% egg yolk (vol/vol). The average doubling time of bovine vascular endothelial cells during their logarithmic growth phase when exposed to egg yolk-supplemented medium was longer than that of their counterparts grown in serum-supplemented medium (21 versus 15 h, respectively). Cultures grown in egg yolk-supplemented medium on basement lamina-coated dishes could be serially passaged, but their in vitro life span (15 generations) was less than that of serum-grown cultures (50 generations). The egg white was devoid of any growth-promoting activity. PMID- 6686215 TI - Forskolin: a potential antimetastatic agent. AB - Forskolin, a diterpene from the roots of an Indian plant, Coleus forskohlii, is a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor and has been examined for its effects on (a) tumor-induced human platelet aggregation and (b) pulmonary tumor colonization in mice. These studies employed a subline of B16 murine melanoma, B16-F10 (highly metastatic to lungs). Forskolin (2 microM) strongly inhibits the melanoma cell induced human platelet aggregation. A single dose of forskolin (82 micrograms/mouse) administered intraperitoneally 30 or 60 min prior to tail vein injection of cultured B16-F10 cells (2 or 3 X 10(5) cells/mouse) reduced tumor colonization in the lungs by more than 70%. Similar results were obtained in three separate experiments. These findings raise the possibility that forskolin could prove of value in the clinic for the prevention of cancer metastasis. PMID- 6686216 TI - Comparison of 2'-fluoro-arabinosyl pyrimidine nucleosides and 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine on immunological parameters in vitro. AB - 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara C)3, 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (FIAC) and 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-arabinofuranosyluracil (FMAU) were analyzed for immunosuppressive activity in vitro. In assay systems quantifying both humoral and cellular immune reactivity, FMAU and FIAC were less immunosuppressive than ara C by several orders of magnitude. PMID- 6686217 TI - Effects of age on diet-induced thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue metabolism in the rat. AB - Measurements of energy balance, thermogenic responses to noradrenaline and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity were performed in male Lister-hooded rats aged 3.5 and 6.5 months, and fed either a pelleted control diet or a palatable cafeteria diet for 15 d. Cafeteria feeding produced increases in energy intake of 34 and 30 per cent in 3.5 and 6.5-month-old rats respectively, and energy expenditure was elevated by 25 and 10 per cent in these groups. Three-and-a-half-month-old cafeteria-fed rats gained more energy than their controls, but net energetic efficiency was significantly reduced, while in the older cafeteria rats, body energy gain was markedly increased without any apparent effect on net efficiency. The thermogenic response to noradrenaline was enhanced by cafeteria feeding at both ages. The younger cafeteria-fed rats showed significant increases in the mass, protein content and mitochondrial yield of BAT, and the activity of the mitochondrial proton conductance pathway, assessed from GDP-binding, was greater than their controls. The 6.5-month-old cafeteria group also showed hypertrophy of BAT and small, but not significant, increases in the protein content of the tissue and mitochondrial GDP-binding. These results demonstrate that rats aged 3.5 months can exhibit diet-induced thermogenesis and activate BAT in response to overfeeding, but the capacity for thermogenesis declines with age and was virtually absent in 6.5-month-old rats. PMID- 6686219 TI - Roles of thromboxanes in gastrointestinal physiopathology. AB - Prostaglandin (PG) precursors can be converted into many related substances with diverse biological activities. Products formed from arachidonate include thromboxane A2, which is a potent platelet aggregator and vasoconstrictor. Mucosa and muscle from human stomach, ileum and colon yield substantial amounts of this substance, and thromboxane A2 is also formed in the alimentary tract of other species. Injection of arachidonic acid or a stable thromboxane A2-mimetic (U 46619) into the arterial blood supplying dog stomach causes mucosal ischaemia. The ensuing necrosis that occurs with arachidonic acid when the mucosa is bathed with HCl and taurocholic acid can be prevented by a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. Isolated gastrointestinal muscle contracts to low amounts of the thromboxane A2-mimetic U-46619, some human tissues being sensitive to less than 1pg/ml. These findings constitute a rational basis for examining thromboxane synthetase inhibitors in peptic ulceration and smooth muscle spasm. Unlike cyclo oxygenase inhibitors, thromboxane synthetase inhibitors spare, or even increase, the formation of prostanoids with actions opposite to those of thromboxane A2. PMID- 6686218 TI - The influence of salinity on certain aspects of the biology of Bulinus (Physopsis) africanus. PMID- 6686220 TI - Human tears: osmotic characteristics. AB - Using a freezing point depression method, requiring volumes of only 200 nanoliters, the osmolalities of 324 tear samples collected at consecutive 10 minute intervals throughout 8.5-hour periods from each of six healthy young adults were measured. The population mean was found to be 318 mOsm/kg, with a population median of 315 mOsm/kg. Individual subject means ranged from 310 to 334 mOsm/kg. Short-term oscillations were observed for all subjects, with a net positive rate toward hypertonicity for the population of 1.43 mOsm/kg X hr-1 as the day progressed. Two subjects did demonstrate mild net rates of decrease, however. All eyes in the study were asymptomatic, suggesting a broader range of tear osmotic pressure among normals than previously suspected. PMID- 6686221 TI - A quantitative histochemical study of lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities in the membrana granulosa of the ovulatory follicle of the rat. AB - Using a microdensitometer, lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were measured in the membrana granulosa of the rat ovulatory follicle. Ovaries were removed on each day of the oestrous cycle; oestrus, dioestrus-1, dioestrus-2, and proestrus; and enzyme activities measured in the membrana granulosa as a whole and in four regions within it: peripheral (PR), antral (AR), cumulus oophorus (CO) and corona radiata (CR). Throughout the cycle, lactate dehydrogenase activity was greatest in PR. On oestrus, lactate dehydrogenase activity was progressively less in AR, CO and CR. On dioestrus-1, activity was identical in AR and CO and less in CR. On dioestrus-2, activity was greater in AR than in CO or CR. By proestrus, activity was equal in AR, CO and CR. In the membrana granulosa as a whole, and in each region, lactate dehydrogenase activity declined as ovulation approached. In contrast, succinate dehydrogenase activity in the membrana granulosa as a whole and in PR was constant throughout the cycle. Activity fluctuated in the other regions. Succinate dehydrogenase activity on oestrus was greatest in PR, less in AR and CO and least in CR. On the remaining days, succinate dehydrogenase activity was greatest in PR and less but equal in the remainder of the membrana granulosa. PMID- 6686223 TI - Pyrrolomycins F1, F2a, F2b and F3, new metabolites produced by the addition of bromide to the fermentation. AB - New antibiotics, pyrrolomycins F1, F2a, F2b and F3 were produced by Actinosporangium vitaminophilum sp. nov. when bromide ion was added to the fermentation medium. Addition of other halide ions such as chloride, iodide and fluoride ion showed no effect on pyrrolomycin production, affording polychlorinated pyrrolomycins A, B, C, D and E, but no F components. All four new antibiotics contain 2 approximately 4 mol of bromine, and their substitutional position was determined by X-ray analysis and synthesis, supported by spectroscopic analysis. They are strongly active against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. PMID- 6686222 TI - Volumetric alterations in tonofibrils during epithelial differentiation in hamster cheek pouch mucosa. AB - The present report describes the use of stereological procedures to evaluate the volume of tonofibrils present in defined epithelial strata undergoing differentiation. Hamster cheek pouch epithelium was processed for electron microscopy and, following strict sampling procedures, micrographs were obtained from basal, spinous and granular layers. Using stereological point counting techniques, the volume density of tonofibrils present in unit volume of epithelial cytoplasm was determined for each layer. From previously determined estimates of cytoplasmic volume in this tissue, it was possible to calculate the absolute volume of tonofibrils present in the 'average' epithelial cell of each layer. The results describe essentially similar volume density data for each of the layers investigated. However, estimates of tonofibril volume in the 'average' cell increase more than threefold between basal and granular layers. It is concluded that as the epithelial cell differentiates through spinous and granular strata, synthesis of tonofilaments may occur. PMID- 6686224 TI - Microbial transformation of rubeomycin A to rubeomycin B. PMID- 6686225 TI - Diurnal variations in asthma. PMID- 6686226 TI - Angiosarcoma of heart and lungs. PMID- 6686227 TI - Poly(ADP-ribose): spectator or participant in excision repair of DNA damage. AB - Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis by 3-aminobenzamide in various human and hamster cell types influenced the responses to DNA damage from methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), but not from UV light. Excision of the major alkylation products and pyrimidine dimers was unaffected by 3-aminobenzamide. After exposure of cells to methyl methanesulfonate, 3-aminobenzamide increased the strand break frequency in all cell types studied, but stimulated repair replication only in lymphoid and HeLa cells, suggesting these are independent effects. 3 Aminobenzamide also inhibited the pathway for de novo synthesis of DNA purines, suggesting that some of its effects, particularly on repair replication, may be due to disturbance of precursor pathways. 3-Aminobenzamide stimulated sister chromatid exchange formation and mutagenesis but inhibited transformation, suggesting that some of these endpoints involve ADP-ribosylation by ways other than repair. Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis appears to regulate the ligation stage of repair of alkylation damage by modulating a dynamic balance between incision and ligation, so as to minimize the frequency of DNA breaks. PMID- 6686228 TI - Identical twins discordant for heroin abuse: case report. AB - A case of monozygotic twins is reviewed in which one twin was a heavy abuser of heroin and other illicit drugs while his co-twin was adamantly opposed to drug abuse. The drug-abusing twin was the first born, had a higher birthweight and took a leadership role, while his twin enjoyed extra care in infancy and was less adventuresome. PMID- 6686229 TI - Purification and partial characterization of a new protein in porcine brain which bundles actin filaments. AB - A new protein capable of bundling actin filaments was purified from porcine brain by ammonium sulfate fractionation and Sephacryl S-300, hydroxyapatite and Whatman DE 52 column chromatographies. Co-sedimentability of this protein with actin filaments on low speed centrifugation was used as an index in the purification process. This protein had a molecular weight of 53,000 as estimated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Stokes' radium of the protein was determined to be 3.3 nm by the gel filtration method, which indicates a monomeric form of the protein in solution. On isoelectric focusing, it showed a single protein band having a pI of 5.62. This protein caused bundling of actin filaments as seen on electron microscopy, thereby lowering the specific viscosity of the actin solution in a concentration-dependent fashion. The bundling activity of the 53K protein was modulated by changes in ionic strength and pH of the medium as well as by ATP and Mg ions. Low shear falling ball viscometry showed the formation of a gelling structure on mixing of actin filaments with this portion. PMID- 6686230 TI - Electron microscopic determination of the actin filament end at which cytochalasin B blocks monomer addition using the acrosomal actin bundle from horseshoe crab sperm. AB - G-actin freed from exogenous ATP was added to the pieces of isolated acrosomal actin bundles from horseshoe crab sperm to form filaments as reported earlier (Tilney, L.G., Bonder, E.M., & DeRosier, D.J. (1981) J. Cell Biol. 90, 485-494). The growth of a filament was far more rapid at one end (the preferred end) than the other end. These ends were shown to correspond to the barbed and pointed ends, respectively, by decoration of the filaments with myosin subfragment 1. Cytochalasin B inhibited the monomer addition at the preferred end. This technique is useful in determining the ends to which actin filament end-binding proteins from nonmuscle cells bind, which are considered to regulate the actin polymerization in the cells. PMID- 6686231 TI - Substrate recognition by oligosaccharyl transferase. Inhibition of co translational glycosylation by acceptor peptides. AB - In a microsome system rendered competent in protein translation by the addition of rabbit reticulocyte lysate, co-translational insertion and glycosylation of N linked glycoproteins is observed when the appropriate mRNA is supplied. We have utilized this system to examine the ability of acceptor tripeptides of the type Asn-X-Thr/Ser to inhibit co-translational glycosylation. Using endogenous oligosaccharide-lipid as the carbohydrate donor, dog pancreas microsomes efficiently glycosylated N alpha-[3H]Ac-Asn-Leu-Thr-NHCH3 (apparent Km = 100 microM). Glycopeptide formation was essentially complete within 20 min. In the presence of mRNA from vesicular stomatitis virus or chicken ovalbumin, a similar tripeptide, N alpha-Ac-Asn-Leu-Thr-NH2, inhibited co-translational glycosylation. Translocation of the nascent chains was not affected. Thus, in the absence of peptide, all translated G protein was glycosylated and found within the microsomes, whereas in the presence of the peptide a mixture of glycosylated and nonglycosylated G protein was sequestered. Inhibition of nascent chain glycosylation was competitive and not merely the result of oligosaccharide lipid depletion, because preincubation of the microsomes with the peptide followed by its removal did not affect subsequent glycosylation of ovalbumin or G protein. Six derivatives of Asn-Leu-Thr-NH2, three of which were acceptors and three of which were not, were tested for their ability to inhibit co-translational glycosylation. The three acceptor peptides, N alpha-Ac-Asn-Leu-Thr-NH2, N alpha Oc-Asn-Leu-Thr-NH2, and N alpha-Bz-Asn-Leu-Thr-NH2, effectively inhibited nascent chain glycosylation. In contrast, the three nonacceptors, N alpha-Ac-Gln-Leu-Thr NH2, N alpha-Ac-Asn(N beta-Me)-Leu-Thr-NH2, and Asn-Leu-Thr-NH2, had no effect. Taken together, these data indicate that the inhibition of co-translational glycosylation by a peptide is dependent on its ability to compete for the active site of the oligosaccharyl transferase. PMID- 6686232 TI - Prostaglandin E1 infusion for small vessel arterial ischaemia. AB - The effects on severe arterial ischaemia of infusions of Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation, were studied in 49 patients (aged 17-80). Criteria for patient selection included rest pain and/or digital ulceration and gangrene secondary to predominantly small vessel disease. PGE1 was infused at a low (6 ng/kg/min), intermediate (10 ng/kg/min) or high (14 ng/kg/min) dose rate via a central venous cannula on 52 occasions without serious side effects. Doppler studies, pulse volume recordings and infra red radiometry were used to quantify the clinical effects. Improvements in digital perfusion were demonstrated by increased pulse volume amplitude (7.1 +/- 1.1 to 21.6 +/- 2.7 mm mean +/- SEM) which remained significantly raised at 6 weeks (14.2 +/- 2.9 mm; P = less than 0.001 paired t test). Infra red digital temperatures were also significantly raised 6 weeks post infusion (27.2 +/- 0.6 degrees C to 29.5 +/- 0.6 degrees C; P less than 0.001). The majority of patients reported improvement in pain, and two thirds of 12 superficial ulcers healed in 6 weeks. These results show that PGE1, improves digital perfusion for several weeks in patients with severe arterial ischaemia. PMID- 6686233 TI - Concanavalin A increases spontaneous beat rate of embryonic chick heart cell aggregates. AB - The plant lectin concanavalin A (Con A), at concentrations of 5-200 micrograms/ml, induced a twofold to fivefold increase in spontaneous beat rate of cultured aggregates of ventricular cells from seven-day chick embryos. This response was time, dose, and temperature dependent and was accompanied by a decrease in transmembrane potential. It could be blocked or reversed by alpha methyl-D-mannoside but was not reversed by dilution alone. Binding of the lectin occurred in the cold, but a temperature-dependent process was also necessary to produce the response. Divalent (succinyl) Con A did not cause a beat rate increase. Whole heart aggregates responded similarly but less intensely than ventricular aggregates. Atrial aggregates, and whole heart aggregates treated with 5 microgram/ml of Con A, produced a biphasic chronotropic response, first decreasing then increasing their beat rates. These results suggest that saccharide-bearing macromolecules on the heart cell surface play a role in regulating spontaneous beat rate. PMID- 6686234 TI - The presence of a soluble interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein (IRBP) in the retinal interphotoreceptor space. AB - A new, gentle technique has been developed for washing of the retinal interphotoreceptor space (IPS) to obtain soluble components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Using this method, we have determined that the major soluble constituent of monkey IPS is a 146,000 Mr glycoprotein, which binds [3H]retinol, sediments on sucrose gradients at 7S and has an Rf of 0.42 on native gel electrophoresis. Using size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography, the apparent molecular weight of the native protein was calculated to be 250,000 daltons. In contrast to previous studies, no 15,000-dalton cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP) or 33,000-dalton cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) was observed in the IPS wash, indicating that these proteins are probably not involved in retinol transport between retina and pigment epithelium (PE). In the supernatant fraction of retinal homogenates that contains soluble intracellular proteins as well as extracellular constituents, the 146,000 Mr protein was closely associated with a 93,000 Mr protein that could be separated on SDS-gel electrophoresis; the 93,000 Mr protein was not found in the IPS wash. The 146,000 Mr interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein (IRBP) may function in extracellular retinol transport in the IPS. PMID- 6686235 TI - Screening of hallucinogenic mushrooms with high-performance liquid chromatography and multiple detection. AB - A rapid, sensitive and specific method for the screening of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been developed. High-performance liquid chromatography with simultaneous use of ultraviolet, fluorescence and electrochemical detection was employed. Separation of the mushroom components was achieved on a silica column using an alkaline aqueous methanolic eluent. The use of detector response ratios for identification of hallucinogenic indole alkaloids has been evaluated. PMID- 6686236 TI - Performance and digestion by calves from limestone added to milk replacers containing soy protein concentrate. AB - Sixteen male Holstein calves were fed milk replacers containing milk protein or 50% of the protein from soy protein concentrate for study of limestone as a buffer in the small intestine. Experimental diets were: A) 19% of crude protein as milk protein; B) same as A but containing .8% limestone; C) 19% crude protein, 9.5% milk protein, and 9.5% soy protein; and D) same as C but containing .8% limestone. Milk replacers were reconstituted with water to 14% solids and fed at 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 12% body weight from 1 to 6 wk of age. Calves were fed twice daily, and clean fresh water was available at all times. Soy protein concentrate in the replacer resulted in 20% lower weight gains, lower dry matter and protein digestibilities. Apparent crude protein retention also was reduced, but intake of nutrients, feed efficiencies, fecal scores, and rectal temperatures were not different between protein sources. Limestone did not change any of these measurements. Xylose absorption tests at 3 and 6 wk of age showed differences from age but not treatment. Analysis of digesta from different sections of the gut of 6-wk-old calves sacrificed 6 h after feeding revealed that pH throughout the small intestine was above 6 for both proteins, which may explain the ineffectiveness of added limestone. Compared to milk protein, soy protein concentrate produced a lower pH in the large intestine and feces. PMID- 6686237 TI - Effects of culling on sire evaluations by mixed models. AB - The data consisted of the first two records for milk and fat yield of 677,800 daughters of 200 widely used Holstein sires. From these data, 10, 20, and 30% of second records were eliminated for least yield of milk in first lactation. Best Linear Unbiased Prediction evaluations of sires were obtained separately for both records and seconds only for culled and unculled groups and for all first records. Evaluations from second records were affected by culling with standard deviations for milk evaluations declining 58 kg as elimination of second records increased from 0 to 30%. Correlations between first and second milk evaluations declined from .84 to .70 as culling increased. Evaluations by both records showed little effect of culling with standard deviations declining only slightly with culling, and correlations among the evaluations close to unity. Adjustment of second evaluations for selection appeared to remove much effect of selection. Best Linear Unbiased Prediction evaluations and those based on the same daughters from Modified Contemporary Comparison procedures showed similar effects of culling and adjustment for culling and ranked bulls nearly identically. PMID- 6686238 TI - [Injury of the umbilical cord during late amniocentesis]. AB - Damage to the umbilical cord is a rare complication of late amniocentesis. It is so serious for the fetus that it should be recognized immediately and the baby should be delivered as quickly as possible. We report a new case here and analyse the principal features to be found in the literature. PMID- 6686239 TI - [Primitive choriocarcinoma of the cervix. Apropos of a case]. AB - We report a case history of primitive chorioncarcinoma of the cervix in a woman of 48 years of age. The diagnosis of chorioncarcinoma of the cervix was strongly suggested in the hysterectomy specimen that was obtained during an emergency operation. In fact it consisted of a polypoid mass near the cervix which showed as severe haemorrhage, so that there was no chance of taking a biopsy specimen. The history that the patient gave as well as her clinical and biological findings made it possible to diagnose the case definitively. This trophoblastic tumour resulting from pregnancy is extremely are in the cervix. 60 cases have been published up to now in the world literature. The rareness of this tumour in this site makes it worth while to try to find out the aetiology and pathology of the condition. It is to be distinguished from other chorioncarcinomata in other sites. PMID- 6686240 TI - [Case of subvalvular aortic stenosis due to accessory tissue on the mitral valve]. PMID- 6686241 TI - [Cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 6686243 TI - Preparation of permanent slides of helminthic ova. PMID- 6686244 TI - Changes in plasma cortisol concentrations during the ovulatory cycle of the mare. AB - Daily blood samples from four mares were assayed for cortisol through a total of eight ovulatory cycles. Mean cortisol concentrations on days -14, -13, -10, -9 and -8 before ovulation (dioestrus) were greater than on days -5 to -1 (oestrus). The highest mean (+/- S.E.M) value of cortisol occurred on day -10 (260 +/-28 nmol/l) and the lowest on day -2 (142 +/- 14 nmol/l). A single episode on a day in late dioestrus characterized the maximum cortisol value per cycle for five of eight cycles. Extraction of plasma samples with petroleum ether or chromatography before assay, to eliminate interference from progesterone and its metabolites, did not alter the pattern of high dioestrous and low oestrous cortisol concentrations. Maximum follicular diameter at ovulation was negatively correlated with mean cortisol concentration for that cycle. These results indicate that in the mare the adrenals secrete cortisol more actively during dioestrus than during oestrus and suggest that a decline in cortisol values at oestrus may favour full follicular growth and ovulation. PMID- 6686242 TI - Adsorption of pancreatic (pro)phospholipase A2 to various physiological substrates. AB - The adsorption of pancreatic phospholipase was studied in vitro in the presence of egg yolk lipoprotein emulsion, Intralipid emulsion, and milk fat globules. When the emulsions are incubated with bile salts, the latter dissociate a considerable fraction of the phospholipids initially associated with the emulsions, leading to the coexistence of an emulsified phase and a phase of mixed micelles. After the addition of pancreatic phospholipase A2, gel filtration shows that the enzyme was more than 90% bound to mixed micelles, regardless of the type of emulsion used. Comparable results were obtained by replacing the bile salts with human gallbladder bile. In parallel, pancreatic zymogen was never found to be bound to any of the lipid structures present (emulsion or mixed micelles). When the catalytic site of pancreatic phospholipase A2 was blocked with 4 bromophenacylbromide, there was no fixation on mixed micelles. Fixation was restored by the presence of lysolecithins and fatty acids in the incubation mixtures. The partial transformation of all emulsified substrates to mixed micelles by bile salts in vivo would thus lead to optimum activity of pancreatic phospholipase A2. PMID- 6686245 TI - Follicular steroids as a prognosticator of successful fertilization of human oocytes in vitro. AB - Oocytes were collected by aspiration of preovulatory follicles from 55 women. The preovulatory rise in LH was monitored in urine using the Hi-Gonavis (Mochida Pharmaceuticals) technique. Patients were treated either during the natural cycle or after the induction of ovulation with clomiphene citrate. After collection and culture, the oocytes were inseminated with the spermatozoa of the husband. The levels of progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta and androstenedione in the clear follicular fluid were measured by radioimmunoassay. A multivariate analysis containing these three hormone levels together with two ratios of progesterone with each of the other hormones indicated reasonable discrimination between the oocytes which fertilized and those which remained unfertilized after insemination. The discriminant analysis suggested that the fertilization of the oocytes could have been predicted on the basis of these hormonal profiles with a success rate which exceeded 90%. PMID- 6686246 TI - Effects of d-amphetamine on self-aggression and posturing in stumptail macaques. AB - The behavioral effects of d-amphetamine sulfate were studied in adult male stumptail macaques living within a large heterogeneous group in an outdoor enclosure. Among five subjects that received a range of doses (.01 to .3 mg/kg), d-amphetamine increased self-aggressive behavior and abnormal posturing in subjects that exhibited these types of behavior prior to drug administration, but it had no effect in subjects not exhibiting those activities in the absence of the drug. For the former subjects, the dose-effect curves for self-aggression were of an inverted U-shape analogous to the effect of d-amphetamine on schedule controlled behavior. Over the range of doses studied, the curve for abnormal posturing was monotonic. The data indicate that d-amphetamine can have effects on untrained behavior in individual animals in a quasinatural environment that are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the behavioral effects observed in other laboratory environments, and that d-amphetamine does not evoke or increase a behavioral response in individual subjects that do not exhibit the response in the absence of the drug. PMID- 6686247 TI - Occluding junctions and paracellular pathways studied in monolayers of MDCK cells. AB - MDCK cells (epithelioid, derived from the kidney of a normal dog) cultured in monolayers on a permeable support, exhibit properties of natural transporting epithelia. Comparisons of the electrical resistance across the plasma membrane of MDCK cells (as studied with microelectrodes) and the resistance across the whole monolayer, (mounted as a flat sheet between two chambers) indicate that most of the current flows through an extracellular pathway. Scanning of the electrical field over the apical surface shows that this pathway is located at the intercellular space. Yet conductance is not evenly distributed along the intercellular space as in leaky epithelia, but is restricted to sites scattered irregularly along the intercellular space. Studies of freeze fracture electron microscopy indicate that the number of strands of the junctions is also distributed irregularly, varying from 1 to 10 in a few nanometers. This suggests that regions with few strands would correspond to spots with high conductance and vice versa. However, in this preparation the sealing property of the junction bears little relationship to its structure. Thus by changing the temperature from 37 to 3 degrees C and back, the electrical resistance increases reversibly by 306%, while the number and arrangement of the strands show no significant modification. The resistance of the monolayer varies also with the age of the cells, suggesting that sealing and ion-permeating components of the junction may be dynamic entities that are not permanently installed, but can be accommodated to the requirements of the tissue. PMID- 6686249 TI - Conditioned modification of locomotion in Hermissenda crassicornis: analysis of time-dependent associative and nonassociative components. AB - The contribution of associative and nonassociative factors to the conditioned modification of phototactic behavior in Hermissenda was examined after varying the number of conditioning trials and the time between training and testing. Five or 10 conditioning trials did not produce significant changes in phototactic behavior when tested immediately after training. Both 5 and 10 conditioning trials resulted in significant short-term nonassociative changes in behavior (resembling sensitization) when the time between training and testing was 15 min or longer. Following 50 conditioning trials (single session training), nonassociative effects made the major contribution to the change in behavior when the post-training test interval was 30 min. These nonassociative changes decremented during a 1-hr period following training. Significant associative effects were observed 45 min after 50 conditioning trials; however, significant associative effects were not observed when the same animals were tested 24 hr after training. With 3 days of training (multiple session training-150 trials), associative effects were found 30 min after training and nonassociative effects again showed a rapid decrement during the 1-hr period following the end of training. The associative effects observed soon after training were persistent during the retention period and showed significant effects 24 hr after training. These data indicate that (1) the behavioral effects found after single session training (5 and 10 trials) are nonassociative, and (2) these nonassociative effects do not increase significantly over the course of multiple session training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686248 TI - Treatment of menstrual migraine by oestradiol implants. AB - The suppression of cyclical ovarian activity and the creation of constant oestradiol levels in blood by subcutaneous oestradiol implants has been used to treat 24 patients with menstrual migraine for up to five years. Twenty-three patients improved with treatment, 20 (83%) became completely or almost completely headache-free. Regular monthly periods were induced with cyclical oral progestogens. The treatment was not associated with any problems. The results support the concept that oestrogen withdrawal in the late luteal and menstrual phases of the ovarian cycle is the important precipitating factor in menstrual migraine, and such attacks can be prevented by suppressing the hormonal fluctuations associated with the ovarian cycle. PMID- 6686250 TI - The contrasting effect of dietary phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine on serum lipoproteins and liver lipids in rats. AB - The effect of dietary phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) added to cholesterol-free semipurified diet on serum lipoprotein and hepatic and fecal lipids was compared to the effect on rats fed soybean oil (controls). The dietary PE, but not PC, caused a decrease in serum cholesterol, phospholipid, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apoE and an increase in high molecular weight apoB. The simultaneous addition of PC and ethanolamine also decreased serum apoA I and cholesterol. The distribution patterns of phospholipid subclasses in the liver and fatty acid composition of hepatic and plasma phospholipids were also altered by dietary PE. Both PE and PC increased to a similar extent the excretion of fecal neutral steroids and hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity compared to the controls. The present study, therefore, demonstrated for the first time that the PE in the soybean phospholipid preparation is responsible for the alterations of profiles of serum lipids and apoproteins in rats. PMID- 6686251 TI - The methionine and choline status of rat diets and their effects on nutrition and myocardial lesions. AB - This study evaluated for rats the nutritional adequacy of casein-based diets routinely used to test the cardiopathogenicity of vegetable oils. Diets were formulated containing 20% by weight casein, 20% soybean oil and graded levels of choline with and without methionine and were fed to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 16 weeks. Rats fed methionine-supplemented diets had improved growth and food consumption, increased liver lipids mainly in the form of triglycerides and normal amino acid metabolism. On the other hand, choline supplementation reduced liver lipids but had no effect on growth and feed consumption. The results would indicate that diets including 20% casein and 20% oil require methionine supplementation to assure the nutritional adequacy of this high caloric diet. However, in this study there was no evidence to indicate that choline or methionine supplementation affected the heart lesion incidence in male rats. It was therefore concluded that the amount and type of fat in the diet, not the choline and methionine status of the diet, is related to heart lesions in male rats. PMID- 6686252 TI - Nitrogen balance studies in young men to assess the protein quality of an isolated soy protein in relation to meat proteins. AB - The protein nutritional value of an isolated soy protein was examined in healthy young men during 10-day N-balance periods. In the first study (expt 1), 10 young men received a diet providing a test protein (N X 6.25) intake of 0.6 g protein per kilogram per day with nitrogen from either lean beef, isolated soy protein or various combinations of the two sources. No differences in N balance, digestibility or net protein utilization were observed when the soy protein replaced beef. In the second study (expt 2), three separate groups of seven young men each received graded intakes of either beef or an isonitrogenous mixture of beef and the isolated soy protein or dried skim milk. An estimate was made of the N intake from each source required for N equilibrium. These values were 116, 106 and 103 mg N/kg per day, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found among the three dietary groups. Thus, the protein quality of the isolated soy protein appears to be comparable to that of animal protein sources such as milk and beef. PMID- 6686253 TI - Nitrogen balance response in young men given one of two isolated soy proteins or milk proteins. AB - The protein nutritional value of two isolated soy proteins was compared with that of dried skim milk proteins in healthy young men. Eight subjects received one of the isolated soy proteins and six subjects received the dried skim milk as the test protein source. Each protein was tested at intakes of 0.35, 0.45, 0.55 and 0.65 g protein (N X 6.25) per kilogram per day during 10-day diet periods separated by break periods of 3 days and a 1-day protein-free period. Nitrogen balances were determined for the final 5 days of each experimental diet period. From regression analysis of nitrogen intake minus nitrogen output data, intakes of each protein source to meet mean nitrogen requirements were 124, 146 and 144 mg N/kg per day for the two isolated soy proteins and skim milk protein, respectively. It is concluded that well-processed isolated soy proteins are indistinguishable from milk as a protein source for maintenance of short-term N balance in adult human nutrition. PMID- 6686254 TI - An evaluation of the nutritional value of a soy protein concentrate in young adult men using the short-term N-balance method. AB - Eight healthy young men participated in a metabolic balance study designed to assess the protein quality of soy protein concentrate (STAPRO-3200). Subjects received varying intakes of the test protein [0.35, 0.45, 0.55 and 0.65 g protein (N X 6.25) per kilogram body weight per day] during 10-day experimental periods. Each was preceded by a 1-day protein-free diet. A final diet period with a 0.65 g milk protein intake was included for comparative purposes. During this period and that with the 0.65 g test intake of soy concentrate the stable isotopes 70Zn and 58Fe were added to the diet for 2 days to obtain initial data on the absorption of zinc and iron when soy concentrate was the sole source of protein intake. Mean (+/- SEM) intake of soy concentrate determined to be sufficient for N balance (including allowance of 5 mg N/kg per day for integumental and miscellaneous losses) was 95 (+/- 7) mg N/kg per day. Absorption of the extrinsic doses of labeled iron and zinc did not differ between the soy protein- and milk-based diets. Comparison of these data was made with findings obtained previously with other protein sources evaluated in the same way. The conclusion is that the capacity of the soy concentration to support short-term nitrogen equilibrium in adult protein nutrition is the same as that for good quality animal protein sources. Thus, well-processed soy concentrates can make a nutritionally significant contribution to meeting adult human protein needs. PMID- 6686255 TI - The nutritional value of a soy protein concentrate (STAPRO-3200) for long-term protein nutritional maintenance in young men. AB - Six healthy young male M.I.T. students participated in a metabolic study to assess the capacity of a soy protein concentrate (STAPRO-3200) to serve as the sole source of dietary protein for long-term maintenance of protein nutritional status. Following an initial 9-day period, during which the subjects received an egg-protein, formula diet supplying 1.5 g protein per kilogram per day, the soy protein was given at a level of 0.8 g protein (N X 6.25) per kilogram per day for 82 days. Throughout, nitrogen balances were measured, and at intervals of 3 to 4 weeks, blood chemistries were determined, and evaluations of physical performance were undertaken. In addition measurements were made of zinc absorption and balance and of iron absorption, with the aid of 70Zn and 58Fe. Mean nitrogen balances were slightly positive for all subjects and the protein source was judged to support adequately maintenance of protein nutritional status, confirmed by the absence of changes in relevant blood parameters and maintenance of performance in the exercise tests. Mean zinc absorption was 23% of intake and did not change during the 82-day soy period and crude zinc balances remained slightly positive throughout. Iron intake was solely from the soy concentrate, and each meal was supplemented with ascorbic acid. Iron absorption was highly variable between and within subjects, as determined by the stable isotope balance procedure. Associated with the withdrawal of blood for purposes of monitoring the subjects, serum ferritin declined indicating a reduction in iron stores. These blood changes were used to approximate iron absorption and it was estimated to be 16%. It is concluded that well-processed soy concentrate can serve as the sole source of nitrogen and essential amino acids for long-term maintenance in adult humans. PMID- 6686256 TI - Radiometric-microbiologic assay of niacin using Kloeckera brevis: analysis of human blood and food. AB - Kloeckera brevis, a yeast, was used as the test organism for the development of a radiometric-microbiologic (RMA) assay for niacin. The assay was determined to be sensitive to the 2 ng niacin per vial level and specific for the biologically active forms of this vitamin. The method was shown to be simple, accurate, and precise in the analysis of niacin in human blood and food. The application of the radiometric technique eliminates some of the problems encountered with conventional turbidimetric-microbiologic assay. PMID- 6686257 TI - Management of recurrent urinary tract infections in female children. PMID- 6686258 TI - Echocardiographic observations in a case of discrete membranous subaortic stenosis with a stenotic bicuspid aortic valve--a pre- and post-operative study (a case report). PMID- 6686260 TI - Spatial relationship of human X and Y chromosomes at somatic metaphase. AB - A total of 592 cells was examined from 38 normal humans who had either small or very large Y chromosomes. Chromosome identification was based on the QFQ technique. The distance between the X and Y chromosome was measured from centromere to centromere. The spatial distance between X and Y was significantly smaller when the Y was small as compared to a very large Y (p less than 0.05). The distance increased as the length of the Y chromosome increased and a significant correlation coefficient (r = 0.58) was found (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that the length of the Y chromosome appears to play a major role in the non-random distribution of X and Y at somatic metaphase. The size and XY relationship in aneuploidy resulting from paternal non-disjunction and in patients with XXY and XYY should be investigated. PMID- 6686259 TI - Syndrome of polydactyly, cleft lip, lingual hamartomas, renal hypoplasia, hearing loss, and psychomotor retardation: variant of the Mohr syndrome or a new syndrome? AB - Three sibs, the proband and two monozygotic twins, have a condition including mental retardation, postnatal somatic retardation, preaxial polydactyly of the feet, bifid third metacarpal, median cleft lip, fatty hamartomas on the dorsum of the tongue, conductive hearing loss, and unilateral or bilateral renal agenesis. This probably autosomal recessive syndrome could be a further example of the condition described by Varadi et al or a variant of the Mohr syndrome. PMID- 6686261 TI - Association between centriole and nuclear matrix in human lymphocytes. AB - Nuclear matrices, purified from normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes, exhibit a close association with the centriole. This finding suggests that the nuclear and cytoplasmic skeletal systems are linked by transmembrane connections represented by nuclear matrix constituents. This could account for the observed synchrony between transformations of the centriole and particular nuclear events which take place during the cell cycle and suggests that the nuclear matrix, besides being involved in DNA replication and chromosome condensation, should affect the centriole cycle which controls the cytoskeleton organization. PMID- 6686262 TI - Intrauterine/newborn testicular torsion. AB - Although spermatic cord torsion in the neonate is uncommon, early recognition with prompt surgical exploration and detorsion of the cord can result in preservation of some testicular tissue. Palpation of the infantile testes can be difficult, and distinguishing testicular from extratesticular abnormalities may not be possible. High-resolution real-time ultrasonography is an effective, noninvasive method of differentiating between the two. If sonography demonstrates and abnormal testicle, prompt surgical exploration is indicated. PMID- 6686264 TI - Comparative aspects of animal models for the study of reproductive function. PMID- 6686263 TI - [Clinical effect of cefroxadine on surgical infections]. AB - Cefroxadine (CXD), an orally active cephalosporin antibiotic, has a broad spectrum and a bactericidal action. The efficacy of CXD in the surgical field was investigated and the following results were obtained. CXD was administered to 31 cases in all; 13 cases with mastitis, 9 with wound infection, 4 with infected atheroma, 3 with periproctal abscess and 2 with phlegmon, respectively. The daily dose was ranged from 750 mg to 1,500 mg. Clinical effects were good in 27 cases and fair in 4 cases, and the effective rate was 87.1%. As to side effects, a slight diarrhea was observed in 1 case, but the symptom was disappeared after 2 days without a special treatment. PMID- 6686265 TI - [Case of thoracic empyema due to Petriellidium boydii (Allescheria boydii)]. PMID- 6686266 TI - [Case of XX karyotyping in a man]. PMID- 6686268 TI - Comparison of the cytoskeleton in aortic endothelial cells in situ and in vitro. AB - Using fluorescence microscopy and a previously developed technique for making en face preparations of aortic endothelial cells (EC), we have compared the distribution of microtubules, centriolar regions, and microfilaments in porcine EC in situ with that in EC from the same source grown in monolayers in vitro. The results show that the cytoskeleton of EC undergoes considerable reorganization when EC are removed from the blood vessel and cultured. In vivo the microtubules run helically along the longitudinal axis of EC. It is not clear that all of these microtubules originate from the centriolar region which is located at one end of the nucleus, usually toward the heart. Prominent bundles of microfilaments extend almost the full length of the cell in a direction parallel to blood flow. In contrast, in EC in culture almost all of the microtubules radiate from a single prominent perinuclear microtubule-organizing center toward the cell periphery. In adjacent cells this microtubule-organizing center, which contains the centrioles, is randomly oriented with respect to the nucleus. The microfilaments in EC in vitro form a much more complex pattern in which circumferentially, radially, and longitudinally oriented bundles are evident. These results indicate that a dramatic rearrangement in these components of the cytoskeleton takes place when EC from the aorta are cultured in vitro and that care should be exercised in applying results of in vitro observations on EC to the cells of the endothelium lining blood vessels. PMID- 6686267 TI - [Changes in the contraction of the smooth muscle of the rat portal vein during emotional stress]. AB - Effect of emotional/painful stress on contractile function and adrenoreactivity of rat portal vein was examined. Tension developed by portal vein of stress exposed animals was shown to be reduced 8-fold as compared to that of the controls; tension development and relaxation velocities were decreased 4.4- and 6 fold, respectively. The changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in stress-exposed animals' venous response to norepinephrine and by enhanced sensitivity to calcium shortage and glucose depletion in washing solutions. Possible stress-induced damage of calcium-transport membrane mechanism and its role in the occurrence of arterial hypovolemia are discussed. PMID- 6686269 TI - Ocular leprosy - a new perspective. AB - The classification of ocular lesions in leprosy into academic and PST lesions clears away much of the confusion engendered by the wide disparity in the reported incidences. It also enables to project confidently the level of ocular morbidity in a given leprosy population with more precision. Based on the observation in the study approximately 1.5 million leprosy patients are expected to be affected with potentially sight threatening lesions. Measures to be undertaken to prevent this morbidity and visual impairment in this vulnerable group can be better worked up. The incidence of blindness on account of leprosy is reported to be 2.6 percent. PMID- 6686271 TI - Regulatory activity of DNA-binding peptides on some metabolic pathways altered in aging. AB - The Smith theory, which describes aging as a consequence of damage at DNA transcription level, suggested to us the opportunity of studying the possible action of DNA-binding peptides from calf thymus on old rats. We previously demonstrated that this peptidic fraction exerts a regulative control on transcriptional activities of DNA in cell and cell-free systems. In order to verify the possible action of these low molecular weight peptides we chose a large range of metabolic and structural parameters which are altered in aging. The results obtained indicate the following conclusions. Lipids. The lipid levels of old rat liver and serum are altered compared with those of young rats; the administration of peptidic fraction to old rats reverses the lipid alterations observed. Glucides. In old rat liver the presence of glycogen is very scanty or completely absent; the animals treated with the peptides show an amount and distribution of glycogen similar to that of adult normal rats. ATP. The peptidic fraction causes in the old rats a marked increase of blood ATP, bringing the level in the range of values determined in young rats. DNA, RNA, proteins. The total synthesis rate of DNA, RNA and proteins in old rat liver is not influenced by the DNA-binding peptides. Vice versa the nucleic acids from liver nuclei of old rats given peptidic fraction contain a greater RNA component compared to control old rats. This result is confirmed by the strong increase of transcriptional activity of DNA for RNA polymerase caused by administration of peptidic fraction to old rats. This increased DNA transcription can be interpreted as a partial recovery of DNA transcriptional capacity which evidently might imply a restoration of impaired metabolic systems. The histochemical and stereological analyses of liver cell compartments confirm the biochemical data. PMID- 6686272 TI - Effects of cholesterol surface transfer on cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine synthesis in cultured rat arterial smooth muscle cells. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cholesterol surface transfer between lipid vesicles and rat arterial smooth muscle cells on endogenous synthesis of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine. Lipid vesicles containing cholesterol and egg phosphatidylcholine in different proportions were used as the extracellular lipid source. The rate of cellular cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine synthesis was determined from the [14C]acetate incorporation into these lipid classes. [3H]Cholesterol in lipid vesicles, with a cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) mole ratio of 1:1, was rapidly transferred into rat smooth muscle cells, with a half-time of about 3.6 hours in the absence of serum proteins. Incubation of cells for 5 hours with vesicles of a high C/P mole ratio (i.e. 1.5:1) at vesicle-cholesterol concentrations above 100 micrograms/ml resulted in a marked reduction of cellular cholesterol synthesis, whereas the rate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis was increased. Cells incubated with lipid vesicles of C/P 1:2 did not show any change in cellular cholesterol or phosphatidylcholine synthesis. Incubation of cells with egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles at concentrations above 300 micrograms/ml, on the other hand, stimulated endogenous synthesis of cholesterol without affecting cellular phosphatidylcholine synthesis. The main conclusion is that cholesterol surface transfer may influence cellular lipid metabolism in the absence of mediating serum lipoproteins in a model system with cultured cells and lipid vesicles. PMID- 6686270 TI - Morphologic alteration of cultured arterial smooth muscle cells by cyclic stretching. AB - Cyclic stretching of smooth muscle cells in culture resulted in a two- to fivefold increase in protein and collagen synthesis. The same in vitro system was utilized to relate changes in smooth muscle cell morphology to mechanical stress. Smooth muscle cells, grown in culture from rabbit aorta explants, were transferred to purified elastic membranes derived from bovine aorta. The membranes were either subjected to stretching and relaxation 52 times per minute or stretched and held stationary for 8, 48, or 56 hr. Profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) were counted and myofilament content estimated from electron micrographs of 100 cells for each experiment. Cells from cyclically stretched preparations were compared with stationary cells derived from the same subculture. Myofilaments were largely replaced by RER in cyclically stretched cells and there was a reciprocal relationship between RER and myofilament content in individual cells. In cells from stationary preparations, myofilament content also diminished with time but RER profiles were few. At 56 hr, RER profiles numbered 16.7 +/- 1.7 in stretched cells compared with 3.6 +/- 1.3 in stationary cells (P less than 0.05). Cyclically stretched cells formed numerous intercellular contacts and showed little evidence of cytoplasmic degradation while stationary cells showed few contacts and contained numerous cytosomes and lamellar bodies. The results suggest that cyclic stretching resulted in the formation of RER or the preservation of myofilaments and that immobility resulted in the disappearance of myofilaments and cytoplasmic degradation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686273 TI - The risk of placement in a nursing home after acute hospitalization. AB - Using data from an urban Professional Standards Review Organization, the authors examined the pattern of discharges for persons aged 65 years and older from acute hospitals for 1979 and 1980. Of the 9% of elderly persons who were discharged to nursing homes, those older than 85 years were 10 times as likely to enter a nursing home as those aged 65; females were twice as likely as males; and those with a diagnosis of mental illness were more likely than those with a diagnosis of physical disease, but the effects were additive. Even after adjustments for patient source, patient characteristics, and therapeutic service, the university teaching hospital was less likely to discharge elderly patients to nursing homes than were the 10 community hospitals in the area. PMID- 6686274 TI - [Thrombocytopenia associated with the endovenous administration of heroin]. PMID- 6686275 TI - [Chronic serous otitis media]. PMID- 6686277 TI - Protein glaucoma as a possible mechanism in a case of glaucomatocyclitic crisis and periphlebitis. AB - A case of glaucomatocyclitis crisis with recurrent episodes of increased I0P, abnormal appearance of the angle structure and periphlebitis was presented. Some of these episodes involving first one eye and later occurring bilaterally were characterized by absence of flare in the anterior chamber. It is suggested that protein leakage following retinal periphlebitis or an inflammatory reaction involving the ciliary body might be the underlying mechanism for the elevated ocular pressure. The abnormal angle structure in our patient favored this protein glaucoma. A permanent increase in I0P observed at the latter stages of the disease indicate that the trabecular meshwork might be damaged irreversibly by protein glaucoma. PMID- 6686276 TI - Effect of specific dietary fatty acids on lipogenesis in the livers and mammary glands of lactating mice. AB - The effects of linoleic, linolenic and columbinic acids fed as 4% of a high carbohydrate (50% glucose) diet on the activities and the amounts of several enzymes associated with fatty acid synthesis in livers and mammary glands of lactating mice were compared with those for stearic and oleic acids. Fatty acid synthesis, measured in vivo, was significantly lower in livers of mice ingesting all 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), whereas in mammary glands synthesis was lower only in mice receiving columbinic acid. The activities of fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and acetyl CoA carboxylase were significantly reduced in liver by all 3 PUFA, as wee activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme (ME) and citrate cleavage enzyme (CCE), also associated with lipogenesis. In mammary gland, on the other hand, the activities of these enzymes were unaffected by dietary PUFA. The tissue contents of FAS, ME and CCE, measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, were found to be significantly reduced in liver by linoleate, linolenate and columbinate but were not significantly altered in mammary gland. The decrease in hepatic lipogenesis observed was principally due to a decrease in the amounts of these enzymes induced by the dietary PUFA but the inhibition in mammary gland caused by columbinate could not be accounted for by a reduction in enzyme contents and therefore may be due to allosteric effects which occur when fatty acid synthesis is measured with 3H2O. The fatty acid composition in liver and mammary gland of dams and in liver and kidney of pups completely reflected dietary fatty acids. Columbinate made up ca. 20% of the total fatty acids in both tissues of the columbinic acid-fed mice and ca. 15% in the pup tissues. This suggests that columbinate is incorporated into milk lipids of dams and is easily absorbed by pups. The elevated ratios of 16/16:1 and 18/18:1 in liver and mammary gland of dams and liver and kidney of the pups from dams fed linoleate, linolenate and columbinate suggest that each of these polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet can inhibit the activity of delta 9 desaturase. PMID- 6686279 TI - [Non-endocrine dwarfism]. PMID- 6686278 TI - Use of nucleoside analogues in the treatment of herpes simplex virus eye diseases. AB - The clinical value of five synthetic antiherpetic nucleosides is discussed: iododeoxyuridine (IDU), adenine-arabinoside (Ara-A), trifluorothymidine (TFT), acyclovir (ACV), and bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU). Depending on the type of herpes simplex virus eye disease, either TFT or ACV are currently the drugs of choice. For BVDU, further controlled studies have to be awaited. For the special situation of superficial herpetic keratitis (dendritic keratitis), a combination therapy with either TFT or ACV plus interferon has proven to be significantly better than a monotherapy with only nucleosides. PMID- 6686280 TI - Effects of economic trends on hospital medical practice. PMID- 6686282 TI - The mutagenic effects of cis-platinum (II) diammine dichloride (CPDD) and CPDD plus caffeine. PMID- 6686283 TI - Relationship between cytogenetic effect of platinum(II) complexes and their structure. PMID- 6686281 TI - Differentiation in vitro of human-mouse teratocarcinoma hybrids. AB - The mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) line, PCC4, was used to construct a series of somatic cell hybrids which contain a single or a few human chromosomes. The hybrids all retained the EC phenotype as determined by morphology, expression of SSEA-1, lack of cell surface H-2 antigen and cytokeratin filaments, high alkaline phosphatase levels, the ability to form EC tumors ectopically in nude mice, and the ability to differentiate in response to retinoic acid. Constitutively differentiated cloned lines were derived from retinoic acid-treated hybrid cultures. Several derived lines had a phenotype indistinguishable from that of parietal endoderm cells, which includes synthesis of large amounts of laminin, type IV procollagen, and plasminogen activator. One differentiated line showed a fibroblast-like morphology. The differentiated lines derived from two of the hybrids, MCP6 and GEOC4, stably maintained the sole human chromosomal component present in the EC progenitors. These EC hybrids therefore provide a system to study developmental regulation of the introduced and stably maintained human genetic material derived from a variety of cell types. PMID- 6686284 TI - Quantitative cell survival from growth curves following anti-neoplastic drug treatment. PMID- 6686286 TI - Prevalence of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi in soils of Madhya Pradesh (India). PMID- 6686287 TI - [Breast symptoms and their significance for the diagnosis of breast cancer]. PMID- 6686288 TI - Effect of combined chemotherapy tested in partially hepatectomized rats bearing Zajdela hepatoma. AB - Ascitic Zajdela hepatoma growing in partially hepatectomized rats was used for testing cytostatics in single and two-drugs combination chemotherapy. At the optimal dosage the highest selective activity against tumor cells (hepatoma) with low inhibition of normal cells (regenerating liver cells) was seen in the combination cis-platinum + methotrexate. Synergistic effect of this combination was found when suboptimal dose of MTX was combined with low doses of cis-Pt. Dose dependent DNA synthesis inhibition following i.p. administration of cis-Pt was documented by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Although the content of platinum expressed per DNA amount was four times higher in regenerating hepatocytes when compared with hepatoma cells, the growth inhibiting effect of cis-Pt was selectively expressed against the hepatoma cells. PMID- 6686285 TI - Comparative genotoxicity studies of the flame retardant tris(2,3 dibromopropyl)phosphate and possible metabolites. AB - Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (Tris-BP) was activated to mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome quantitative test system. Liver microsomes from rats pretreated with phenobarbital (PB) increased the mutagenicity of 0.05 mM Tris-BP to 186% of the activity obtained with liver microsomes from untreated rats. The addition of 0.02 mM Tris-BP to V79 Chinese hamster cells co-incubated with liver microsomes from PB-pretreated rats increased the number of mutants by a factor of 9.7. Tris-BP also caused genotoxic and cytotoxic responses in primary monolayers of rat hepatocytes. The relative increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis after treatment with 0.05 mM Tris-BP was 2.3-fold as measured by scintillation counting of radiolabelled thymidine incorporated into DNA of isolated nuclei. The use of hepatocytes isolated from PB-pretreated rats reduced the increases in DNA repair synthesis relatively to that in control cells. Monolayers of hepatocytes from untreated rats co-cultured with Salmonella typhimurium TA100 activated Tris-BP to mutagenic intermediates which were released into the culture medium. The studies with the V79 and liver-cell systems indicate that the reactive intermediates formed from Tris-BP are sufficiently stable and lipophilic to traverse the various membranes from the site of generation to the respective cellular targets. The relative degree of genotoxic responses of bis(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, 2,3-dibromopropylphosphate, tris(2,3-bromopropyl)phosphate, tris(2 bromopropyl)phosphate and 2,3-dibromopropanol in the systems studied did not indicate that these compounds were proximate or ultimate reactive metabolites of Tris-BP in liver-derived activation systems. PMID- 6686289 TI - Time course of the litter removal-induced depletion in plasma prolactin levels of lactating rats. An immediate full blockade of the hormone release after separation. AB - The decreases in plasma prolactin (PRL) levels in lactating rats that follow the separation of mother and pups have been studied. Blood samples were taken via an indwelling cannula from conscious primiparous animals between days 5 and 11 of lactation. Significant depressions of plasma prolactin levels have been detected within 3 min of separation. These decreases in hormone levels were most pronounced after 3 min, and continued up to the end of the 1st hour, but did not change during the 2nd hour. Disappearance of PRL from the blood during the first 3 min was identical to that occurring after hypophysectomy. Pretreatment of mothers, 90 min prior to separation, with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (250 mg/kg i.p.), pimozide (2 mg/kg i.p.), or haloperidol (2 mg/kg i.p.), completely blocked the decreases in PRL levels. L-Dopa (20 mg/rat i.p.) counteracted the inhibitory effect of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. These data suggest that separation of lactating rats from their litter resulted in a marked and complete blockade of PRL release from the pituitary. They also suggest that a dopaminergic mechanism plays an important role in this inhibition of PRL release. PMID- 6686290 TI - A clinical neuropathological study of the fetal alcohol syndrome. AB - Five patients with the clinical diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) died at the ages of 8 and 4 months and 17, 4 and 2 days. Neuropathological examination revealed microencephalic brains in all cases, without morphological evidence of maturation delay. One of them showed agenesis of the corpus callosum and hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis. Five of them had only small dysgenetic changes, consisting mainly of glio or glioneuronal meningeal or parenchymal heterotopias. Our findings indicate that the brain is commonly but not affected in FAS. The influence of alcohol and its metabolites, as well as undernutrition, and use of other drugs by the mothers, should be taken into account as possible etiologic factors. PMID- 6686291 TI - Synchronizing role of serotonin in regulation of pituitary gonadotropic function in female rats. PMID- 6686292 TI - Somatotropin secretion in hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 6686294 TI - Responses to moderate functional loads by rats with individual behavioral features. PMID- 6686295 TI - [Clinical and endocrinological observations on a case of galactorrhea with arachnoid cyst extending to the perisellar cisterna]. PMID- 6686293 TI - Mechanisms of serotonin involvement in conditioned reflex consolidation. PMID- 6686296 TI - [Complication of erroneous application of an IUD. Rapid hysterographic resolution of diagnostic problems]. PMID- 6686297 TI - [Intrauterine death of one of the fetuses in the course of twin pregnancy]. PMID- 6686298 TI - Recent advances in metal toxicology. Uses of nuclear analytical methods and application of ultrasensitive detection techniques. Proceedings of a workshop. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, October 11-12, 1982. PMID- 6686299 TI - Air pollution emission profiles of toxic and trace elements from energy related sources: status and needs. AB - The preceding was by no means a comprehensive analysis on the present state of knowledge on trace elements in combustion sources, or the differences that would be expected. However, it does point to avenues and directions of some of the future research. Also, the needs 1) to resolve source in areas of great emissions complexity, or 2) to assign sources of specific hazardous materials. Current efforts are focussed on understanding the impact of particular sources of pollutants at a receptor site. This information will provide the means for assessment of any potential hazard of a source to the general community and the size and mass distribution of these materials at a receptor. Considering the types and volume of data necessary to catalog source types and eventually assess community impacts, the development of a national resource with far more sensitive and accurate multielement analysis of air pollutants is warranted. Interaction of air quality and nuclear analytical research groups in collaborative research projects should be fostered and commitments made to develop pools of large and small users. PMID- 6686300 TI - Effects of dietary mineral levels on metabolism and requirements. AB - Currently, 26 mineral elements are considered important for humans; these include essential trace and macro elements, two that may be required, and others of concern solely for their toxic properties. Almost all elements are toxic at high intakes, and excessive consumption of dietary mineral supplements is a source of potential hazard in addition to environmental and industrial sources of exposure. In assessing requirements and the health effects of variations in dietary mineral levels, the tissue concentrations of the elements can be very useful. The interpretation of tissue mineral levels is tempered by factors that may influence the metabolism of the element of concern as well as by the correlations of intake and tissue levels with physiological effects. For elements that have been studied most extensively and for which reliable analytical methods exist, a multiplicity of interactions have been shown. The practical significance of these interactions for humans is an area of active research. With reliable analytical methods for additional elements, it is anticipated that important advances will be made relative to those chemical elements and their action both as nutrients and as toxicants. PMID- 6686302 TI - Uses of synchrotron radiation. PMID- 6686301 TI - Lead at low dose and the behavior of children. PMID- 6686303 TI - Multiple element analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid and other tissues by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrometry. PMID- 6686305 TI - In vivo monitoring of heavy metals in man: cadmium and mercury. PMID- 6686304 TI - EDX and EELS in the high-voltage electron microscope: localization of elements in thick specimens. PMID- 6686306 TI - A facility for in vivo measurement of lithium. AB - A facility for measurement of Li in-vivo based on measurement of exhaled HT gas has been constructed and tested. Li present in the brain of therapeutically treated individuals could be measured with a dose to the brain of 1 rem. It will be possible to locate grossly the non-uniformity of Li, left-right or front-back sides of the brain, by choosing the proper energy of neutrons. Experiments with larger animals such as sheep are planned. PMID- 6686307 TI - In vivo elemental analysis utilizing XRF techniques. PMID- 6686308 TI - The microelement profile in individual blood cells following selenium supplementation and in certain diseases: a nuclear microprobe application. PMID- 6686309 TI - Biokinetic modelling for mammalian lead metabolism. PMID- 6686310 TI - Localization of metals: issues of importance to neurotoxicology of lead. PMID- 6686311 TI - MicroPIXE as a tool to search for uranium-bearing particles in lung tissues. PMID- 6686312 TI - Applications of nuclear technologies for in vivo elemental analysis. AB - The objectives of this Department of Energy sponsored program are (1) to improve existing nuclear techniques, and (2) to develop new techniques for the analysis and solution of both medical problems and those associated with environmental pollution. Measurement facilities developed, to date, include a unique whole body counter, (WBC); a total body neutron activation facility (TBNAA); and a partial body activation facility (PBNAA). A variation of the prompt gamma neutron activation technique for measuring total body nitrogen has been developed to study body composition of cancer patients and the effect of nutritional regimens on the composition. These new techniques provide data in numerous clinical studies not previously amenable to investigation. The development and perfection of these techniques provide unique applications of radiation and radioisotopes to the early diagnosis of certain diseases and the evaluation of therapeutic programs. The PBNAA technique has been developed and calibrated for in vivo measurement of metals. Development has gone forward on prompt gamma neutron activation for the measurement of cadmium, x-ray fluorescence (XRF) for measurement of lead, and nuclear resonance scattering (NRS) for measurement of iron. Other techniques are being investigated for in vivo measurement of metals such as silicon and beryllium. Cardinal to all toxicological studies of Cd and other metal pollutants is an accurate and sensitive noninvasive technique for measuring organ burdens. In keeping with the mission of Brookhaven, these facilities have been made available to qualified scientists and members of the medical community throughout the world. PMID- 6686313 TI - Using multivariate analysis on multielemental data. AB - In the search for correlation between elements or among the analyzed samples, much time and effort can be devoted to the examination of multielemental data when the elements are taken two at a time, especially when the number of analyzed elements is relatively large. By representing the samples as points in an n dimensional space, in which the coordinates are proportional to the elemental content, an overall view of all the available information may be obtained by visualization of the interrelationships among the points through several of the multivariate analysis methods that have been described. Such visualization is a useful step in the classification of samples into groups, particularly so when no a priori group criteria existed. The true significance of the grouping often becomes evident when other known information is superimposed on the multielemental analysis plots. Indeed, though it is not an essential part of the evaluation process, the importance of visualization of multiparameter data has been stressed most strongly(10), because in this way, the area for further intensive statistical analysis can be clearly demarcated. PMID- 6686314 TI - Aerosol composition in remote and contaminated atmospheres: application of PIXE analysis. PMID- 6686315 TI - Industrial sources of metals. PMID- 6686316 TI - [Chromosomal control of early mammalian development]. AB - A review of recent studies on mammalian embryos, mostly mice, with chromosomal aberrations. Morphological, biochemical and cytological studies on mice with polyploidy, aneuploidy and some structural aberrations are discussed. Some types of chromosomal aberrations, especially monosomy for individual chromosomes (2, 5, 7, or 17), are already evident during early cleavage and are inevitably lethal by the morula stage. A direct relationship exists between the duration of survival and chromosome aberrations (trisomy and monosomy) for every chromosome. Differential gene activity of the mouse autosomes becomes evident already at the very early developmental stages. Some feasible causes of the early death of embryos with autosomal monosomy are discussed and a hypothetical mechanism for the activation of homologous autosomes at the early developmental stages is proposed. Perspectives of future studies in cytogenetics of mammalian development are outlined. PMID- 6686318 TI - Withholding life support in terminal illness. PMID- 6686317 TI - Recurrent microhyphema in the pseudophakic eye. AB - Although painless transient obscurations of vision are usually attributed to conditions affecting the posterior segment, careful slit-lamp, gonioscopic, and angiographic evaluations may establish an anterior segment origin for these symptoms. Recurrent hyphema, an uncommon late complication following routine cataract extraction, can be caused by spontaneous rupture of incisional vessels. In pseudophakic eyes, the uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome and intermittent visual "white out" are late complications that may necessitate removal of the implant. The authors report five patients with uncomplicated extracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of a Binkhorst biplane, two loop, capsule-fixated lens who presented with episodes of visual white out on the basis of iris bleeding. Argon laser photocoagulation to sites of iris leakage, at points of lens iris contact, resulted in prompt cessation of bleeding. Laser treatment appears to be a safe and effective alternative to removal of an otherwise satisfactory intraocular lens. PMID- 6686319 TI - Who says doctors can't write? PMID- 6686320 TI - Medical schools affect student practice plans. PMID- 6686322 TI - Incorporation under TEFRA-pro and con. PMID- 6686321 TI - Nuclear waste disposal facts revealed. PMID- 6686323 TI - [Ribonuclease activity in the saliva and blood serum of monozygotic and dizygotic twins]. PMID- 6686325 TI - Pitfalls in the diagnosis of asthma. PMID- 6686324 TI - Apparent involvement of opioid peptides in stress-induced enhancement of tumor growth. AB - Exposure to stress has been associated with alterations in both immune function and tumor development in man and laboratory animals. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a particular type of inescapable footshock stress, known to cause an opioid mediated form of analgesia, on survival time of female Fischer 344 rats injected with a mammary ascites tumor. Rats subjected to inescapable footshock manifested an enhanced tumor growth indicated by a decreased survival time and decreased percent survival. This tumor enhancing effect of stress was prevented by the opiate antagonist, naltrexone, suggesting a role for endogenous opioid peptides in this process. In the absence of stress, naltrexone did not affect tumor growth. PMID- 6686326 TI - Comparison of propranolol and propranolol LA in hypertension using 24-hr noninvasive blood pressure monitoring. AB - The technique of non-invasive blood pressure monitoring was used to compare the 24-hr control of blood pressure in 10 patients with essential hypertension taking either twice daily propranolol or a once daily long-acting formulation of propranolol (propranolol LA). Both drug regimes produced smooth control of blood pressure and heart rate through the 24 hours and significantly reduced blood pressure and heart rate on bicycle ergometry tests. There was no significant difference between the two treatments. The non-invasive oscillometric method of measuring 24-hr control of blood pressure provides an alternative to ambulatory intra-arterial monitoring. PMID- 6686328 TI - [Intracellular distribution of estradiol-binding sites in the hypothalamus of female rats during the estrous cycle]. AB - The content of cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors for estradiol (E2) in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (PO) and arcuate nucleus-medial eminance (ARC-ME) at varying day time (10, 13, 15 and 18 hours) of each stage of the estrous cycle was examined. The most pronounced changes in the concentrations of estradiol binding sites in both hypothalamic regions, having high affinity for E2, was seen at the second half of the day of diestrus-2 and proestrus. The association constant values for cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors in PO and ARC-ME were slightly changed during the cycle. It is suggested that the receptors for E2 in both hypothalamic regions participate in regulating the luteinizing hormone preovulatory release. PMID- 6686329 TI - Effect of exposure to high concentrations of toluene on ethanol preference of laboratory rats. AB - Male and female Holtzman Sprague Dawley rats were given 10-minute exposures to high concentrations of toluene twice a week at 10-30 days of age. The rate of acquisition of ethanol preference for these rats did not differ significantly from litter-mate sham exposed controls. Once ethanol preference curves were established, the rats were exposed daily over a 5-day period to high concentrations of toluene. An increase in ethanol intake occurred in most of the rats irrespective of early toluene exposures at 10-30 days of age. PMID- 6686327 TI - [State of cerebral functions in the persistent lactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome]. AB - A complex investigation of the brain functions of patients with the idiopathic persisting lactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome (PLAS) revealed a series of nonspecific changes. Insufficiency of the activating systems was shown according to the EEG data. Anxious depression was also seen. The examination of the vegetative nervous system during relaxation and exercises is indicative of insufficient activity of its symptomatic region. Thereafter, specific neurosecretory deficit in the tuberous infundibular system and disorder of the brain activity, probably resultant of dopamine deficiency are seen in patients with PLAS. PMID- 6686330 TI - [Apropos of pelvic varices in women]. PMID- 6686331 TI - Organization and expression of agonistic and socio-sexual behavior in golden hamsters over the estrous cycle and after ovariectomy. AB - Pairs of hamsters were housed in large enclosures that contained separate male and female living areas and observed over the 4-day estrous cycle and after ovariectomy. Agonistic elements exhibited frequently by females included on-back, boxing, lateral posturing, and biting, whereas males engaged frequently in boxing and on-back patterns of behavior. Furthermore, on-back and boxing by females were significantly higher on estrus than on any other day of the estrous cycle. Agonistic acts performed after ovariectomy did not differ in occurrence from those shown by animals on diestrus and proestrus. Vaginal marking increased during diestrus and attained a peak 24 hr prior to sexual receptivity. Both vaginal marking and mating occurred more frequently in the female's than male's home area suggesting that vaginal marking and mating occurred serve to attract males to the nest of females. Males also organized their marking patterns by location as shown by more flank marking in their own than their partner's area, albeit the significance for this difference in location is not known. The results demonstrate that when heterosexual pairs of hamsters are tested in large and partially familiar habitats, a wide range of behavior is exhibited and organized in a manner that is not observed in small and unfamiliar cages. PMID- 6686332 TI - Mood, sexuality, hormones and the menstrual cycle. I. Changes in mood and physical state: description of subjects and method. AB - Mood and physical symptoms through the menstrual cycle were investigated in 55 women with normal ovulatory cycles. One-third had attended a clinic with severe premenstrual syndrome (clinic PMS group); the remainder were volunteers either with a history of PMS (non-clinic PMS group) or without (no PMS group). Each cycle was divided into six hormonally distinct phases on the basis of repeated hormone measurement. Self-ratings of "well-being" reached their maximum in the late follicular phase, declining throughout the luteal half of the cycle. This pattern was pronounced and statistically significant in the "clinic" and "nonclinic PMS" groups. In all three groups, "physical distress" increased during the second half of the cycle to reach a maximum in the late luteal phase. A clear temporal relationship was therefore demonstrated between mood, physical state, and hormonal phases of the cycle. It remains uncertain whether changes in the "clinic" group were extreme forms of a normal pattern or were qualitatively different. PMID- 6686333 TI - Mood, sexuality, hormones, and the menstrual cycle. II. Hormone levels and their relationship to the premenstrual syndrome. AB - In women with premenstrual syndrome, negative changes start soon after ovulation gradually increasing as the corpus luteum develops, and reach a maximum during the last 5 days of the luteal phase. They decline rapidly once menstruation starts, disappearing within one or two days of ovarian steroids reaching baseline levels. Positive moods are at maximum when preovulatory estradiol reaches its peak. A comparison of hormone levels in women with high and low degrees of cyclical mood change showed no difference in progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, or androstenedione. PMID- 6686334 TI - Mood, sexuality, hormones, and the menstrual cycle. III. Sexuality and the role of androgens. AB - Sexual interest and activity at different stages of the menstrual cycle was recorded by 55 women with normal ovulatory cycles. In women with marked cyclical mood change, there was an associated cyclical pattern of sexual feelings. Subjective sexuality independent of mood change, was maximal in the mid follicular (i.e., postmenstrual) and late luteal (i.e., premenstrual) phases. Sexual activity was maximal in the mid-follicular phase. There was no evidence of a periovulatory increase in sexual interest or activity. Mean testosterone levels were correlated with masturbation frequency but not with sexuality involving the partner. A weak association between testosterone and life style (i.e., in full time work or a housewife) was also evident. PMID- 6686335 TI - Chemical and immunological properties of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. AB - Five heat-stable enterotoxins (STs) produced by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains of porcine, bovine and human origin have been purified to apparent homogeneity. The STs with biological activity in suckling mice and piglets (STA) contained 18 amino acid residues, 10 or 11 different amino acids with a high proportion of acidic amino acids and 6 half-cystines. All 5 purified preparations were heat-stable, not denatured by organic solvents and detergents, resisted protease digestion and treatment at pH 1.0, but were partially inactivated by incubation at pH 12.0 and totally inactivated by reducing and oxidizing agents which disrupted disulfide bonds. The isoelectric point (pI) of the 5 STAs ranged from 3.88 to 4.08. Antiserum raised against strain 431 ST, a porcine class II enteropathogen, neutralized all 5 STAs and was useful as a reagent in a sensitive radioimmunoassay to detect suckling mouse positive strains of ETEC. PMID- 6686336 TI - Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin: biochemical and physiological effects on the intestine. AB - E. coli which elaborate suckling mouse active small MW heat-stable enterotoxin (STa), are important causes of diarrhea in animals and man. These STa's share the property of causing intestinal secretion and diarrhea by virtue of inhibiting the absorption of sodium and chloride and possibly stimulating the secretion of chloride. STa's seem to act in the colon as well as the small intestine and the alterations in intestinal ion and water transport are probably mediated by the guanylate cyclase-cyclic GMP system. Glucose transport is unaffected. STa also causes alterations in the myoelectrical activity of the small intestine which may result in the loss of normal peristaltic activity. STa binds in a reversible fashion to specific receptors on the surface of small intestinal and colonic epithelial cells. The mechanisms whereby occupation of the STa receptors lead to activation of the guanylate cyclase system and intestinal secretion are unknown but may involve influx of calcium through calcium channels, stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis and release of free radicals. PMID- 6686337 TI - [Intermediate filaments (10 nm filaments)]. PMID- 6686338 TI - [Bile duct scintigraphy in icteric syndrome of younger infants]. PMID- 6686339 TI - [Hepatic angiosarcoma. Correlation with environmental and occupational factors and histogenetic problems]. PMID- 6686340 TI - Epidemiologic surveillance in the control of infectious disease. PMID- 6686342 TI - The developmental pathogenesis of structural defects: the contribution of monozygotic twins. PMID- 6686341 TI - [The sperm and its abnormalities]. PMID- 6686344 TI - An ultrastructural study of pale eumycetoma grains. AB - The electron microscopic appearances of grains from seven patients with pale grain eumycetoma infections have been studied. The infecting fungi were Pseudallescheria boydii (2), Fusarium sp. (1), Acremonium kiliense (1), a non sporing mould (2) and Trichophyton violaceum (1). P. boydii grown in vitro and grains from a Madurella mycetomatis infection were used for comparison. The most important ultrastructural features of the pale eumycetoma grains were the gross thickening of the fungal cell walls maximal at the periphery of the grain, the predominance of grossly disorganised hyphae and the appearance of cytoplasmic membrane systems. In some areas adjacent cell walls appeared to fuse. These changes may account for some of the well recognised difficulties in isolating organisms from eumycetoma grains and treating the infections with antifungal drugs. PMID- 6686343 TI - Report of an imported case of Dipetalonema perstans in Japan. AB - A case of Dipetalonema perstans infection in a 34-year-old Japanese male is presented and from his past history there is no doubt that he obtained the infection in Zaire, Africa. The morphology and periodicity of the microfilaria were studied in detail and the clinical manifestations of the infection documented. This is the first report of imported D. perstans infection in Japan. PMID- 6686345 TI - Disseminated infection with Conidiobolus incongruus. AB - The first fatal case of disseminated infection due to Conidiobolus incongruus is reported. The patient presented with a subcutaneous mass, febrility, weight loss, cough and hemoptysis. Histological examination of skin and subcutaneous tissue, lung, lymph nodes, esophagus, liver and jejunum showed a granulomatous reaction with bright eosinophilic amorphous material and broad hyphae. A fungus cultured from skin and subcutaneous tissue was identified as Conidiobolus incongruus. PMID- 6686346 TI - Identification of the plasminogen activator(s) produced by the transformed liver cell line, SK-HEP-1. AB - The availability of a cell line derived from an adenocarcinoma of the liver has made it possible to study the plasminogen activator(s) (PA) biosynthesized in culture by liver cells. Conditioned cultured media purified on fibrin-celite, benzamidine-Sepharose and immunoabsorbent anti-urokinase columns have shown the presence of multiple plasminogen activators when separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). These PAs differ in molecular weight but all are urokinase-like based on their reaction with goat anti urokinase and rabbit anti-tissue activator. Subcellular fractionation of the cultured cells shows the presence of activator in both the cytoplasmic and membrane fractions, but the higher molecular weight forms appear primarily in the cytoplasm. PMID- 6686348 TI - Effect of beta 2-glycoprotein I on the activity of adenylate cyclase in platelet membranes. AB - Washed human platelets were preincubated with 0-300 micrograms/ml human beta 2 glycoprotein I and the effect of this on the adenylate cyclase activity (EC.4.6.1.1.) was studied. Adenylate cyclase activity could be increased 2-3 fold. The same degree of activation was seen when low concentrations of prostaglandin E1 (1 microM) had been present concomitant with beta 2-glycoprotein I during preincubation. The dose-response curves of the adenylate cyclase activity measured as a function of the beta 2-glycoprotein I concentration were S shaped in the absence of prostaglandin E1 and hyperbolic in its presence. The results suggest a biological function of beta 2-glycoprotein I as a compound conserving and activating the membrane-bound adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6686347 TI - Thrombin-induced shape changes of cultured endothelial cells: metabolic and functional observations. AB - Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) incubated in the presence of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (20 mmol/l) or at 4 degrees C lost their ability to undergo shape changes when exposed to thrombin (1 N.I.H. u/ml). Drugs blocking Ca++-flux (verapamil and nifedipin), microfilament disrupting agents (cytochalasin B and D) and microtubule disrupting agents (colchicine and colcemid) did not prevent thrombin-induced shape changes. None of the agents tested inhibited the accelerated thrombin-induced 51Cr-release from the cells. Pretreatment of EC with thrombin did not influence their ability to mediate clot retraction. PMID- 6686349 TI - [Mastitis in sheep in the Netherlands]. AB - Little is known of udder health in sheep in the Netherlands. The present study represents an effort to gain some insight into this matter. For this purpose, test samples were taken during the period from March 6, 1981 to April 17, 1981, on sixteen commercial farms in the province of Gelderland, on which there were a total number of 936 nursing ewes; this was done again during the period from June 22, 1981 to June 25, 1981, final sampling being done during April 1982, though this was confined to animals showing poor udder health in the year before. Cell counts were made by an adjusted method using the Coulter Counter. The cell counts recorded were higher than those reported in the literature. Of the samples examined, from 20 to 25 per cent contained more than 2,000,000 cells per ml. Cell counts were high during the early period of lactation, subsequently diminished and then increased again about the time of weaning. Moreover, cell counts increased with age and possibly, though not significantly so, with the number of suckling lambs. Bacteriological examination shortly after lambing was positive in 7.3 per cent of the ewes and 4.1 per cent of samples of udder halves. PMID- 6686350 TI - [Veterinary production and health policy on dairy farms: a model for the analysis of fluctuations in the Herd Standard Cow]. AB - A decrease in milk production on dairy farms may result in economic losses in the majority of cases. Veterinary herd health and production control programmes should deal with the prevention of these losses. Moreover, in the event of a decrease in milk production, efforts should be made to trace the possible cause, and corrective measures should be taken if required. The Herd Standard Cow (HSC) production is an important parameter in both production and farm management in the Netherlands. In the present paper, a model for the analysis of variations in the HSC is introduced. It concludes the steps to be taken by the practitioner to trace the causes of these variations. PMID- 6686351 TI - [Problem behavior in dogs]. AB - 202 Owners of dogs showing problem behaviour were interviewed during the period from January 1, 1981 to May 31, 1981. The major problem was found to consist in aggressiveness in these dogs, particularly aggressiveness to human individuals (Table 3). An analysis was made to examine whether problem behaviour was specific to breed group or sex. There were not any good grounds for this assumption. Analysis of the ratio between flight and aggressive behaviour (Figure 3) revealed that the male dogs of mastiffs, sheepdogs and bastards showed more aggressiveness than did the bitches of these breeds. The findings in these studies showed that problem behaviour was due to the fact that the dog occupied the wrong place in the hierarchy of the family. This in turn was due to ignorance of the owner. Treatment in the form of basic training in obedience accompanied by enlightenment of the owners on canine behaviour was found to be successful in well over 80 per cent of the cases. PMID- 6686352 TI - Operational auditing in hospitals. PMID- 6686353 TI - The effect of 3,4-dimethyl substitution on the neurotoxicity of 2,5-hexanedione. I. Accelerated clinical neuropathy is accompanied by more proximal axonal swellings. AB - The neurotoxicity of the gamma-diketone, 3,4-dimethyl-2,5-hexanedione, was studied in rats and compared to the known neurotoxicity of the parent compound, 2,5-hexanedione. The test compound was found to be 20 to 30 times more potent on a molar basis than hexanedione. In addition, unlike the distal axonal changes associated with hexanedione, the neurofilamentous swellings following exposure to the dimethyl analog occurred more proximally in the axon, with a preponderance in the anterior horn and lateral tracts of the spinal cord, and in the anterior roots. Since alkyl substitution causes branched-chain compounds to cyclize more rapidly than unbranched analogs, the greater neurotoxicity of the dimethyl compound implicates pyrrole formation in the pathogenesis of n-hexane neuropathy. Furthermore, the location of the axonal swellings induced with 3,4-dimethyl 2,5 hexanedione suggests that there is a common mechanism of injury for the entire class of neurofilament neuropathies, providing a continuum between the intraspinal swellings of beta, beta'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) and the distal axonopathies of 2,5-hexanedione, carbon disulfide, and acrylamide. In addition, lower doses of 3,4-dimethyl-2,5-hexanedione for longer periods of time led to a shift in the location of the axonal swellings to include more distal sites. These observations support the hypothesis that covalent crosslinking of the stable neurofilament is the primary event in the molecular pathogenesis of these toxic neuropathies, and that the rate of crosslinking of neurofilaments determines the proximodistal location of the axonal swelling. PMID- 6686355 TI - [Effect of cytoskeleton-disrupting on the redistribution of the surface receptors of cultured cells]. AB - The capacity of cap-formation in cultured cells was shown to increase from 2 to 20 fold upon treating them with ligands in the presence of a conditioned medium. This permitted us to compare the influence of cytoskeleton-disrupting agents on the process of cap-formation in cultured cells of different origin. Cytochalasin was shown to inhibit cap-formation, induced with concanavalin A or anti-H2-serum, both in cells of lymphoid and fibroblastic origin. In contrast, vinblastin did not inhibit cap-formation in cells of lymphoid origin, but caused inhibition in cells of fibroblastic origin twice as strong as did cytochalasin B. PMID- 6686354 TI - Progestin receptors in ovaries of 4-day cycling rats. An autoradiographic study. AB - Using an autoradiographic technique we investigated in vitro the localization of cell constituents with concentrations of a radioactive synthetic progestin (P), 3H-R5020 (17 alpha, 21-dimethyl-19-nor-pregna-4, 9-diene-3, 20-dione) and its metabolites in the ovaries of 4-day cycling adult rats. After incubation of the ovarian tissue sections with radioactive R5020 in the presence or absence of various non-radioactive steroids, specific labeling was found in the tissue sections in each phase of the estrous cycle. The intensity of labeling in the ovary during the estrous cycle was highest in proestrus, followed by that in diestrus, metestrus and estrus. The intensity of labeling in cell constituents was as follows: granulosa cells greater than luteal cells greater than thecal cells greater than stromal cells. These results indicate that the rat ovaries contain cell constituents that specifically bind P and that the intensity of binding fluctuates during the estrous cycle. PMID- 6686356 TI - [Active region of the lamellar cytoplasm and focal contacts--the most cytochalasin-sensitive structures of fibroblasts]. AB - Effects of low doses of cytochalasin B (CB, 2 micrograms/ml) and cytochalasin D (CD, 0.2 microgram/ml) on the spreading of normal mouse fibroblasts in culture were investigated. CB desorganized the cortical layer of actin microfilaments to cause partial or complete disappearance of microfilament bundles; focal contacts with the substrate seen by interference-reflection microscopy also disappeared. Low doses of CB did not inhibit the control, on the upper surface of these lamellas distal zones with convex outer edges ruffles were lacking. The disappearance of these ruffling active edges was accompanied with the loss of ability to clear the surface of lamellas from the concanavalin A receptors cross linked by a corresponding ligand. Thus, ruffling active edges and focal contacts can be regarded as specialized parts of lamellas with increased sensitivity to cytochalasins; the presence of ruffling active edges is essential for the initiation of centripetal movement of the patches of cross-linked surface receptors. PMID- 6686357 TI - [Effect of emotional-pain stress on the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid system]. AB - In experiments on rats the emotional-pain stress is studied for its effect on the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in the forebrain and stem structures, on GABA catabolism and GABA metabolism-related energy metabolism indices in the hippocamp and frontal cortex neurons. It is shown that the stress effect is accompanied by the GABA level increase and GABA-transaminase inhibition with a simultaneous rise of the succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity. The pain factor is established to be very important for changes in the activity of GABA-transaminase and succinate dehydrogenase. The found shifts in the GABA activity system are significant for neuromediatory and energy adaptation to the stress. PMID- 6686358 TI - [Internal urethrotomy by the Otis method. The therapeutic effect in women with chronic bladder irritation symptoms and presumed infravesical obstruction]. PMID- 6686359 TI - [Sex hormone binding globulin]. PMID- 6686360 TI - [Congenital deficiency of sex hormone binding globulin]. PMID- 6686361 TI - Dynamic urethrocystography in women. AB - A technique for video urethrocystography in women is described and evaluated from the results of examinations on 76 subjects. The patients were examined seated in the lateral position and investigations were carried out at rest, and during straining and coughing, micturition and holding-back maneuvers. Special attention was paid to the overall morphology and the position of the bladder base, the bladder neck and the urethra. Apart from the contour of the symphysis, which in some patients was difficult to identify, the various structures were easily displayed. Also the dynamics of the function of the bladder base, the bladder neck and the urethra were visualized. Almost all patients were able to carry out all parts of the examination including micturition without difficulty. TLD dosimeters in the vagina and uterus showed a low radiation dose to the ovaries. PMID- 6686362 TI - Clinical relevance of urethral stress profile using microtransducers after surgery for stress incontinence in females. AB - The value of the urethral stress profile after surgery for urinary stress incontinence in females was prospectively analyzed using microtransducers. 95 patients were clinically and urodynamically assessed at least 6 months after surgery. The success of the operation was based on subjective (patient's history) and objective (no urine loss, erect, with full bladder, on coughing and during a Urilos nappy test) criteria. In 20% of the cases, the interpretation of the urethral profiles did not correlate with the clinical objective criteria. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed. PMID- 6686363 TI - Radiology of obstetric vesicovaginal fistula. AB - The excretory urograms of 70 Nigerian women presenting to the University of Benin Teaching Hospital with obstetric vesicovaginal fistula over a 7-year period are analyzed. The common abnormalities are medial deviation of distal ends of ureters (34%); discrete but smooth pseudoprostatic bladder base indentation (33%); and calyceal clubbing of varying degrees (19%). Other abnormalities observed include hydroureters (18%); bladder calculi (7%); bladder wall calcification (3%), and unilateral nonfunctioning kidneys (3%). PMID- 6686364 TI - Knotting of urethral catheter within bladder: an unusual complication in cystourethrography. AB - Complications in voiding cystourethrography are infrequent and may include infection, catheter-induced trauma, bladder rupture, and allergic reaction to contrast. We report a case in which the catheter formed a knot within the bladder lumen. To our knowledge, this is the first complication of this type to be reported. We believe this particular complication can be avoided by inserting a catheter within the bladder lumen short enough to prevent looping and possible knot formation. PMID- 6686365 TI - Urinary excretion of urate in patients with calcium oxalate stone disease. AB - The diurnal variation in excretion and concentration of urinary urate was studied in 31 patients with calcium oxalate stone disease. Urate excretion was highest during the day-time, decreased in the evening and was low during the night. Meal related peaks were observed. The concentration of urate reached the highest levels during the morning hours and, attributable to a low pH in morning urine, most samples were at this time super-saturated with respect to uric acid. In addition, many urines appeared to be at high risk of exceeding the uric acid formation product. Concerning the ion-activity product of sodium urate, supersaturated samples were frequently found, but the risk of exceeding the formation product for sodium urate at a normal urate excretion was apparently low. PMID- 6686366 TI - [Primary and secondary megaureter in children. Indication and results of surgical correction]. AB - Fifty-two children with 63 renoureteral units were treated for primary megaureter (p.m.) and 62 children with 102 renoureteral units for secondary megaureter (s.m.) due to infravesical obstruction. The changing concepts of diagnosis and therapy in 3 periods influenced both the indication for ureteroneocystostomy (p.m.: 79%, 63%, 58%; s.m.: 71%, 30%, 31%) and the rate of good results of operation (p.m.: 63%, 80%, 76%; s.m.: 44%, 78%, 81%), the criteria for good results being no infection, no reflux, no dilatation. Extensive diagnostic studies are necessary to avoid false indications with consequent poor therapeutic results. In cases of incidentally diagnosed primary megaureter without symptoms conservative treatment or "watchful waiting" is justified. PMID- 6686367 TI - [Conservative and surgical therapy of vesicoureterorenal reflux]. AB - The pathogenesis of reflux nephropathy and morbidity is discussed first, then chances of spontaneous maturation and risks for scarring are compared with resulting guidelines for conservative and operative treatment. A list of indications is proposed regarding grade of reflux, age, essential diagnostic parameters (VC, cystoscopy, IVP), history and other clinical aspects. Over and above this, an "ephedrine-test" developed at Erlangen in 1976 is described with regard to possible adrenergic treatment of primary reflux. Results of over 500 Gregoir-Lich procedures from 1963 to 1976 are presented with rates of stenosis (0 2%) and failure (4.3-5.2%), complications and persistence of infection. Finally, a short review is presented of the morphology and management of secondary reflux (associated with infravesical obstruction). PMID- 6686368 TI - [Surgical therapy of vesicoureterorenal reflux in children]. AB - Extravesical antireflux operations following Lich-Gregoir technique, intravesical Politano-Leadbetter technique as well as intra- and extravesical ureteroneocystostomies have been done on 433 ureters from 1977 to 1982 treating children with vesico-ureteral reflux and different concomitant malformations. Compared with results obtained in this institute from 1968 to 1973 antireflux operations were found to reliably form an antireflux mechanism whatever technique is used. Results of the "International Reflux Study Group" will be available in the near future. Looking at the variety of conditions grouped together under the diagnosis of vesico-uretero-renal reflux risk factors can be identified directing treatment strategy and surgical intervention. In children with concomitant vesical pathology like Hutch's diverticulum, ureterocele formation and refluxing double ureter surgery is primarily used. Children after correction of infravesical obstruction should be regarded as a high risk group and be submitted to antireflux surgery if reflux does not resolve spontaneously shortly after relief of infravesical obstruction. It is in children with sphincter-detrusor dyssynergia causing functional infravesical obstruction where antireflux surgery is recommended if micturition without residual urine is not restored quickly. Finally in cases of poor patient compliance antibiotic prophylaxis should be omitted and substituted by antireflux surgery. PMID- 6686369 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of ectopic ureters and ectopic ureteroceles with double kidneys]. AB - Diagnosis and treatment of ectopic ureters and ectopic ureteroceles with renal duplication is a rewarding challenge for any urologist, requiring specific knowledge, awareness of the anomaly and good surgical technique. The diagnosis is primarily based on the correct interpretion of the medical history and the excretory urogram, irreplaceable by sonography. Confusing details can easily be interpreted when the anomaly is detected, or the patient will be left on a long and frustrating path of medical treatment, diagnostic interventions, possibly leading to psychotherapy. The classical triad: renal duplication, incontinence and normal micturition is rarely helpful in complicated cases, compared to the typical findings on the excretory urogram which sometimes are incomplete or only suggestive but still have the highest diagnostic value. Their recognition usually leads to correct diagnosis and treatment. Modern surgical and anesthesiological techniques allow a one stage approach to correct the anomaly and avoid further complications. However, if the risk is considered to be too high, a two stage approach is justified starting with a heminephrectomy. After this 20% will require further surgical treatment of the bladder, due to complications. Dysplastic and nonvisualizing renal segments should not be preserved nor should dilated, ectopically ending ureters. Minimal surgical interventions, reducing, but not solving the problem (incision of ureteroceles, interpelvic anastomosis) are not recommended in modern urological treatment. PMID- 6686370 TI - [The trigone]. AB - The embryologic genesis is important for understanding the structure of the trigone. Anatomy and innervation explain its function, thereby enabling us to differentiate the various forms of reflux. PMID- 6686372 TI - [Our experiences with Glenn-Anderson's and Cohen's antireflux plastic surgery in vesico-ureteral reflux]. AB - The operative techniques of Glenn-Anderson and Cohen--relatively seldom published in German literature--for treatment of VUR are reported. Technique of the procedures is described and compared with other methods. Comparison with international statistics is given. Simple and "physiological" operative technique, shorter operation time, less complications and shorter postoperative hospitalization are the advantages of these operations. PMID- 6686371 TI - [Hemodynamic studies on varicocele using bidirectional ultrasound Doppler sonography]. AB - At first the ultrasonic Doppler sonography is described in the evaluation of the retrograde venous blood flow in a varicocele. With the Doppler stethoscope the incidence of venous reflux amounted to 70% in young men aged from 19 to 22 years. At physical examination a palpable varicocele was detected in 55% of the cases. By the bidirectional technique you can define various haemodynamic types of varicoceles: "pressure-type" and "shunt-type". 205 patients with varicoceles were examined by bidirectional Doppler probe. The Doppler recording was correlated with the severity of varicocele. In small varicoceles the "pressure-type" is found most frequently, while in large varicoceles the "shunt-type" occurs. PMID- 6686373 TI - [Ileo-ureteral reflux after urinary diversion through an ileal conduit]. AB - The authors made a comparative study (intravenous urography, loopography and loopomanometry) between patients with inverted antireflux anastomosis, as proposed by Melchior, and 12 patients with classical uretero-ileostomy (Bricker bladder). Inverting the anastomosis results in greater incidence of obstruction, while less complications were seen using the classical technique. The importance of reflux in ileal loops and the validity of the classical and manometry loopogram is discussed. Antireflux procedure is only indicated in cases with dilated ureters. PMID- 6686374 TI - [The ectopic ureter]. AB - The different forms of ureteral ectopy can be explained embryologically. Ureteral ectopy is caused by the premature appearance of the ureteral bud on the Wolffian duct. We find this rare malformation more frequent in women. We have seen 19 patients with ureteral ectopy, 15 with duplicated ureters and 4 patients with single ectopy. The symptoms are variable and not typical. The diagnostic procedures are discussed in detail. Ultrasonography and antegrade pyelography have been approved in diagnosis of ureteral ectopy. The operative treatment is rarely reconstructive, but mostly ablative. PMID- 6686375 TI - [Considerations on diagnosis and therapy of a urogynecologic disease. Notes on H. Huland's paper: Stress incontinence in women]. PMID- 6686376 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of the wound process in acute lactation mastitis]. AB - Results of a comparative investigation of the clinical course of the wound process in 109 patients with acute lactation destructive mastitis are presented. The local application of papain and ultrasound were shown to shorten the phases of wound process and to stimulate reparative processes. PMID- 6686378 TI - The development of the free-living stages of Strongyloides papillosus. I. Effect of temperature on the development of the heterogonic and homogonic nematodes in faecal culture. AB - Temperature had a significant effect on the proportion of free-living females and infective larvae of Strongyloides papillosus developing from faecal culture. The number of free-living males recovered from cultures incubated at 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C was fairly constant. However, females were most numerous at 30 degrees C and infective larvae at 20 degrees C, with the sum of the two approximately the same at both temperatures. This indicates that infective larvae and females are developing from genetically identical eggs. The critical period by which the course of development has been fixed occurs between 4 and 5 h at 30 degrees C, but between 4 and 24 h at 20 degrees C. PMID- 6686377 TI - Distribution of cysts and tachyzoites in calves and pregnant cows inoculated with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. AB - Sixteen calves and 6 cows were each inoculated with 100 000 infective oocysts of the GT-1 strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Cattle were necropsied between 3 and 287 days post-inoculation (DPI) and their tissues were inoculated into mice or fed to Toxoplasma-free cats for the detection to Toxoplasma in bovine tissues. Ten to 10 000-fold more T. gondii were recovered from small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes of calves at 3 and 6 DPI than from lungs and liver, and the number of T. gondii in bovine tissues was reduced 1000-fold between 6 and 8 DPI. By using the Pepsin digestion technique, or feeding tissues to Toxoplasmas-free cats, it was demonstrated that T. gondii encysted in bovine tissues as early as 11 DPI and persisted as late as 287 DPI. More Toxoplasma gondii cysts occurred in livers than in many other bovine tissue. Of the 6 cows inoculated at 95--155 days after breeding, 5 delivered normal calves and T. gondii was isolated from only one of these calves. One cow was barren. Toxoplasma gondii was not isolated either by mouse inoculation or by feeding cats tissues from 2 cows killed 132 and 190 DPI. Toxoplasma gondii was not isolated in mice inoculated with tissues of cows killed 98 and 109 DPI, but cats fed on bovine tissues shed T. gondii oocysts. The organism, however, was isolated in mice inoculated with the mesenteric lymph nodes of 1 of the 2 cows killed 162 and 168 DPI, and from the small intestine of the other. Cats fed tissues of these cows later shed T. gondii oocysts. PMID- 6686379 TI - A survey of seasonal changes in nematode faecal egg count levels of sheep and goats in Senegal. AB - A survey of the gastro-intestinal nematodes in domestic sheep and goats of the Sahelian zone of Senegal was undertaken. Their prevalence and the egg production were estimated by faecal egg count in 2234 sheep and 577 goats slaughtered at the Dakar slaughterhouse during a 12 month period. The highest prevalence (%) and highest mean egg counts (EPG) were recorded at the end of the wet season. Amongst the species of nematodes encountered there are two of potential importance: Haemonchus contortus and Oseophagostomum columbianum. It is suggested that the most effective control can be achieved by a critical treatment at the end of dry season (May--June) when the EPG starts to increase, and when hypobiosis is supposed to be terminating. This would insure the greatest proportion of the existing worm population to be exposed to the anthelmintic. PMID- 6686380 TI - Survival and infectivity of Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs under field conditions in nw Spain. AB - A study was made of the survival of Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs in sheep faeces in an area with a temperate climate (NW Spain). It appears that mortality is independent of the age of the eggs and that there is a marked seasonality within the period of time considered (20 months). A study was also carried out on the infectivity of D. dendriticum eggs by experimental infections of suitable intermediate hosts. The data show that no loss took place in infectivity during the period of study (15 months). PMID- 6686381 TI - Studies on ticks of veterinary importance in Nigeria. VI. Comparisons of oviposition and the hatching of eggs of Hyalomma species. AB - Fully engorged Hyalomma spp. in Nigeria oviposited greater numbers of eggs than those partially engorged. Hyalomma impressum was a more prolific egg layer than H. rufipes, H. impeltatum and H. truncatum. The variations in the egg output as well as the recognizable peaks in the number of eggs during oviposition were described for each species. No species of Hyalomma below the engorged weight of 0.2 g oviposited; oviposition started with ticks of weight 0.3 g. Eggs produced by ticks weighing below 0.3 g did not hatch; the highest percent egg eclosion occurred with ticks of weight 0.6 g (H. rufipes) and 0.7 g (other Hyalomma species). The pre-oviposition, oviposition and eclosion periods were shortened when eggs were laid and incubated at high temperatures, although the number of oviposited eggs did not increase significantly. At the standard temperature of 24 degrees C, the longest eclosion period was seen in the eggs of H. rufipes (41 days) while those of H. truncatum, H. impressum and H. impeltatum were similar to each other (29 days). Only eggs of H. rufipes hatched at an incubation temperature of 15 degrees C. Eggs of Hyalomma species laid at the same time hatched over a 2--4 day period, except at 15 degrees C when the hatching period of H. rufipes lasted 10 days. The eclosion period was longest in the earlier ovipositions and shorter in the later ones. It is suggested that some intrauterine larval development might have started in the eggs before they were released at a later oviposition period. The percentage mortality of eggs at various temperatures showed that eggs of H. rufipes were more tolerant of low temperatures than those of H. impressum, H. truncatum and H. impeltatum, while the eggs of the latter 3 species were more tolerant of high temperatures than those of H. rufipes. The relevance of these results of the distribution and abundance of the Hyalomma species in Nigeria was discussed. PMID- 6686382 TI - Alternate grazing of horses and sheep as control for gastro-intestinal helminthiasis in horses. AB - Gastro-intestinal helminth infections of a group of three yearling mare Shetland ponies, which were set-stocked on a small pasture from February until September, were compared with those of a similar group of ponies, which grazed a similar pasture from February to July and subsequently was removed to a pasture which had been grazed by sheep from April to July. In addition both groups were treated with cambendazole when the latter group was removed to the sheep pasture. Pasture larval counts and worm counts demonstrated that the group grazed after the sheep acquired considerably smaller burdens of nematodes of the subfamilies Cyathostominae and Strongylinae, but considerably higher burdens of Trichostrongylus axei than the group which remained on the same pasture. The T. axei infections in the former group caused an increase in the serum pepsinogen levels within two weeks after removal to the sheep pasture followed by a gradual decrease. At necropsy T. axei populations consisted almost exclusively of inhibited early third stage larvae. PMID- 6686383 TI - Effect of trypanocides on jugular concentration of Trypanosoma congolense in the West African dwarf sheep. AB - The effects of various trypanocides on parasitaemia was investigated in sheep experimentally-infected with Trypanosoma congolense strain 58/98. Intravenous injection of Berenil at the height of the first parasitaemic wave increased jugular parasite concentration by 12 and 16 times at the 9th and 20th minute post treatment, respectively. With Pentamidine, maximum counts were 5.0-8.6 times zero time concentration during the same periods. Peak effects of Samorin, Novidium and Ethidium were observed between the 60th and 90th minutes after drug administration and were 9.5, 6.3 and 3.5 times initial values, respectively. Injection of trypanocides resulted in double peaks of parasitaemia in which the second was usually higher than the first, except with Antrypol and Germanin which had no significant effect on parasitaemia. The amplitude, but not the onset of the increase in parasitaemia in sheep, was found to be related to the therapeutic efficacy of the trypanocides in the treatment of Trypanosoma congolense infection in rats. Animals treated with the diamidines (Berenil and Pentamidine) exhibited apparent parasitologic cure of infection in sheep two to four days after treatment. However, administration of any of the drugs one week after the first treatment resulted in flushing of cryptic trypanosomes into the jugular vein and counts as high as 7.63 X 10(3) microliter -1 were observed within ten minutes with Berenil. It is suggested that besides their therapeutic use, the diamidines may be of value in the parasitologic diagnosis of sub-patent trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma congolense. PMID- 6686384 TI - The use of tick transmission by Boophilus microplus to isolate pure strains of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale from cattle with mixed infections. AB - Pure strains of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale were isolated from cattle infected with all 3 species as well as Theileria sp. and Eperythrozoon teganodes, using only transmission by the tick, Boophilus microplus. Unengorged adult ticks transferred to susceptible cattle transmitted A. marginale, but not Babesia. Engorged adults gave rise to progeny that transmitted Babesia, B. bovis by larvae and B. bigemina by male ticks. The Theileria and E. teganodes were not transmitted by the ticks and thus did not appear in calves used for isolating the pure strains of Babesia and A. marginale. PMID- 6686385 TI - IgG response in natural and experimental infections of cattle with Fasciola gigantica. AB - A specific IgG response was detectable in serum and bile of cattle infected with Fasciola gigantica. Although there was an increase in both specific and total IgG concentration in the sera of fluke-infected cattle, there was no significant correlation between IgG1 concentration and the worm burden (r = 0.17; P greater than 0.05) in chronic fascioliasis. However, there was a highly significant correlation between the levels of IgG1 in the serum and bile of infected cattle (r = 0.87; P less than 0.01), indicating that the presence of IgG1 in the bile may be due to a leakage of serum antibody into the bile duct. PMID- 6686386 TI - The effects of DL-tetramisole and rafoxanide on tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes of Haemonchus contortus, in vitro. AB - Various enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) viz., aconitase (E.C. 4.2.1.3), isocitrate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.42), succinate dehydrognease (E.C. 1.3.99.1), fumarate reductase (NADH: fumarate oxido-reductase), fumarase (E.C. 4.2.1.2) and maltate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.37) were detected in adult Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae), in vitro. Low activities of aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase suggested that the TCA cycle has a minor function and the pathway of CO2 fixation is the major pathway in the energy metabolism of the parasite. In vitro incubation in Tyrode's solution had no significant effect on TCA cycle enzymes and the worm was able to maintain normal metabolism for 12 h. The effects of D L-tetramisole and rafoxanide on various enzymes of the TCA cycle were studied in adult H. contortus. At 50 micrograms ml 1 varying degrees of inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase activities were observed. At the same concentration, the activities of other enzymes remained unaltered. PMID- 6686388 TI - Diagnosis of swine trichinosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an excretory--secretory antigen. AB - An excretory--secretory (ES) antigen was used in a serodiagnostic enzyme-linke immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for swine trichinosis. ELISA procedures included a double-antibody test, using either an anti-swine IgG or a protein A enzyme conjugate, and a triple-antibody test using a pig IgG heavy-chain specific second antibody with a conjugated third antibody. The ES antigen was effective in eliminating all false-positive reactivity in sera from farm-raised hogs. The triple-antibody procedure was more sensitive and demonstrated a greater efficiency in detecting positive animals and early seroconversions. Naturally infected pigs with worm burdens as low as 0.01 larvae per gram (LPG) of diaphragm were seropositive using these procedures. Seroconversion in experimentally infected animals receiving low doses of muscle larvae (500) occurred considerably later than in animals receiving high doses (10000). This might account for false negative reactions in naturally-infected animals with very low (less than 0.1 LPG) worm burdens. PMID- 6686387 TI - In vitro activity of various anthelmintic compounds against Haemonchus contortus larvae. AB - Twenty-five known anthelmintic compounds were evaluated in vitro against the highly motile exsheathed non-feeding third-stage of Haemonchus contortus larvae. Activity was based on lack of motility or death of larvae after 24 h of chemical exposure. Six compounds (avermectins, closantel, levamisole, morantel, phenylhydrazone and ticarbodine) were active at a concentration of 100 micrograms cm-3 or less. The most active compounds were avermectins and levamisole. When higher in vitro concentrations were used, ten compounds (bephenium, coumaphos, dichlorovos, disophenol, hygromycin b, methyridine, parbendazole, phenothiazine, pyrantel and thiabendazole) exhibited activity. Nine compounds were found to be inactive; among these were the new benzimidazoles, i.e., albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole and oxibendazole. Because of the inactivity of the new benzimidazoles, this in vitro system is unsuitable as a routine screening tool. Also, the system appears to favor drugs that act quickly through percuticular entry. In an initial group of 5280 untested compounds, 254 (4.8%) exhibited in vitro activity at 100 micrograms cm-3 against the non-feeding larvae stage. The exogenous and in vitro cultivation techniques required for collecting, cleaning and exsheathing the larvae are described. PMID- 6686389 TI - Development of serum antibody activity as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to Psoroptes ovis (Acarina:Psoroptidae) antigens in cattle infested with P. ovis. AB - Calves infested with Psoroptes ovis (Hering, 1838) for the first time (naive) or previously infested calves were examined for serum antibody activity to P. ovis (obtained from rabbits) antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the temporal appearance of specific serum antibody activity. The development of the serum antibody activity to P. ovis antigens was then correlated with the development of lesions (% scab) and with changes in the number of P. ovis. The serum antibody activity [ELISA OD414 value (EODV) greater than 0.290] to P. ovis antigens in naive calves, in most cases, is first detected at the same time or slightly after the detection of mites and mite-caused lesions; and the development of specific serum antibody activity paralleled the increase in the P. ovis population and the percentage scab until 7 weeks post infestation (PI). In previously infested calves, if serum antibody activity to P. ovis antigens was not already present from the previous infestation, specific serum antibody activity was detected at the same time and developed in a similar manner as in the naive calves. The serum antibody activity to P. ovis antigens could be detected after calves were relieved of their P. ovis burdens by pesticide treatment or after the P. ovis population began to decline when the calves were allowed to groom themselves. Serum antibody activity to P. ovis antigens was not detected in any of the control calves during the test period. PMID- 6686390 TI - [Hypertrophy of the left ventricle and septum in obstructive and non-obstructive types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6686391 TI - Autoimmune thrombocytopenia: serological behavior of platelet antibodies. AB - The study of the specificity of platelet autoantibodies has made it possible to expand our knowledge about the immune characterization of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. We report on a study of eluates obtained from 10 patients' platelets with autoimmune thrombocytopenia. They were tested with platelets obtained from healthy donors (Zw a + and Zw a-) and with type I Glanzmann platelets. Our results, as those reported by van Leeuwen et al. in 1982, suggest that the autoantibodies recognize one or more antigenic markers probably carried by glycoproteins IIb and IIIa. PMID- 6686392 TI - [Sexual function disorders in men with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6686393 TI - [Infectious activity of cell fractions isolated from the brain of mice with scrapie]. AB - The agent of scrapie was found to induce clinically similar diseases in BALB/c and NIH mice but differing in the duration of the incubation period (155-180 days and 110-140 days, respectively) and pathomorphological manifestations. Differentiated examinations of a brain cell pool from mice with scrapie revealed more infectious activity not neutralized with nucleases and pronasa in membrane free cell fractions than in fractions of slowly sedimenting membranes. PMID- 6686394 TI - [Cytostatic treatment of non-seminoma testicular carcinomas]. PMID- 6686395 TI - [Diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy in the hypereosinophilia syndrome by 2 dimensional echocardiography]. AB - The cardiac manifestation of the hypereosinophilic syndrome was diagnosed by means of echocardiography in a 36-year-old man. The following two-dimensional echocardiographic characteristics indicated a restrictive cardiomyopathy in this patient: Enlargement of the left atrium. Thrombotic obliteration of the left ventricle from the apex up to the subvalvular region. Embedding of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles by the thrombotic mass. Normal left ventricular ejection fraction. The echocardiographic findings were verified by autopsy. PMID- 6686396 TI - Urinary sex-dependent low molecular weight proteins as a sign of narcotic dependence in male rats. AB - The relationship between urinary excretion of sex-dependent low molecular weight proteins (LMWP) in male rats and narcotic dependence has been investigated in this study. Chronic administration of codeine (0.5 mg/g food) caused a significant decrease in urinary excretion of LMWP from the third day, without any change in urinary high molecular weight proteins. The decrease recovered to the control level after the withdrawal of codeine. Withdrawal symptoms including loss of body weight and diarrhea were observed following codeine withdrawal. In animals chronically treated with pethidine (1.0 mg/g food), however, neither changes in urinary LMWP excretion nor withdrawal symptoms were observed. These present findings suggest that the decrease in urinary excretion of sex-dependent LMWP is related to narcotic dependence in male rats, since we previously reported the decrease in urinary excreted LMWP in morphine-dependent rats. PMID- 6686397 TI - [Energy balance and energy use of lactating cows under restricted protein supply and subsequent refeeding]. PMID- 6686398 TI - Passage of 45Ca into blood of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) after intramammary infusion. PMID- 6686399 TI - Pathogenicity tests with strains of Edwardsiella tarda: detection of a heat stable enterotoxin. AB - A total of 25 strains of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from various sources in different parts of the world between 1968 and 1982 was subjected to enteropathogenicity tests. A heat-stable enterotoxin was detected in three strains (12%). Whereas culture filtrates gave doubtful results, concentration of toxin by ultrafiltration led to net fluid accumulation in the suckling mouse test and the rabbit ligated ileal loop assay. The enterotoxin resisted heating to 60 degrees C (30 min) and 100 degrees C (15 min). Neither cell elongation nor cytotoxic effect were observed in the Chinese hamster ovary cell assay. No strain caused keratoconjunctivitis in the guinea pig eye model. There was no correlation of enterotoxigenic strains and a typical pathology. With regard to the usual clinical pattern of E. tarda enteritis, which primarily appears to be invasive, it is suggested that enterotoxin production might be of secondary pathogenetical importance, comparable to toxin production in salmonellosis, shigellosis, and Yersinia enterocolitica infection. PMID- 6686400 TI - Production, partial purification and characterization of Salmonella heat-labile enterotoxin. AB - A heat-labile enterotoxin possessing both diarrheogenic and skin permeability reactions has been isolated from Salmonella weltevreden. The enterotoxin was mainly located intracellularly in the cell wall fraction. By chemical and physical techniques such as EDTA treatment of cell walls, fractional ammonium sulphate precipitation and continuous sucrose gradient centrifugation of cell sap (cell free extract) and gel filtration chromatography of culture supernatant, the enterotoxin has been partially purified. The enterotoxin resembled the heat labile enterotoxin of E. coli and the cholera toxin with respect to its thermal stability; however, it was different in its sensitivity to acidic and alkaline pH. Its activity was lost completely on treatment with Pronase and trypsin. The toxin appears to be of a high molecular weight and its enterotoxic activity is associated with a protein moiety. PMID- 6686401 TI - [The significance of rare viral infections and the etiology of fetal damage]. AB - Viral infections of the mother during pregnancy are responsible for approximately 10% of birth defects. Infections with Rubella-, Cytomegalo-, Mumps-, Measles- and Chickenpox-Virus in early pregnancy are associated with abortion or abnormal development of the fetus. While infection with Chickenpox, Hepatitis B, Herpes simplex and Enterovirusinfection at the end of pregnancy may affect the newborn. It is estimated that birth defects due to viral infections in the pregnancy are accounting for ca. 2500 clinically affected newborns among 100,000 deliveries. The number of children well at birth but developing late onset of disease due to intrauterin viral infections is presently difficult to estimate. - It is difficult to make an aetiological diagnosis of birth defects on the basis of clinical symptoms but laboratory methods have improved considerably during the last years and they are helpful in improving the aetiology and can be used as a guide line in taking care of the patients. - In case a woman has contact during pregnancy with one of the above mentioned virus infections the immunstatus can be determined rapidly and a diagnosis of primary or recurrent infection may be established. Women at risk for primary infections may be given hyper immun globulin, vaccinated or treated with anti-viral drugs. Interruption of pregnancy may also be considered for those who run a high risk of delivering a damaged child. PMID- 6686402 TI - [Periodicity of corticospinal motor reactions of rat pups]. AB - It has been demonstrated that at early stages of postnatal development of rats, corticospinal effects interact with spinal automatism. Epicortical stimulation at a frequency 0.5-1/s causes the onset of periodic motor activity during the first week of postnatal life; at later stages the same stimulation evokes periodically changing (with respect to their intensity) motor responses which follow the rhythm of stimulation. It is suggested that autogenic periodic processes in the spinal cord manifest themselves not only in periodic motor excitation, but in periodic changes of excitability as well. PMID- 6686403 TI - [Effect of starch-induced structural and functional modification in a population of free phagocytes on antibody formation induction by ram erythrocytes in mice]. AB - The influence of the starch-induced modification of the population of free phagocytes on the induction of antibody formation by sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in mice has been studied. The intraperitoneal injection of starch has been shown to render a pronounced modulating effect on immune response stimulated by the intramuscular injection of the antigen. The injection of a small dose of SRBC into the abdominal cavity enriched with starch-stimulated monocytes is accompanied by an increase in immune response; this phenomenon is not observed after immunization with a large dose of the antigen. Starch-stimulated macrophages, when introduced with SRBC into syngeneic recipients, show stimulating influence on immune response. PMID- 6686404 TI - [Effect of nootropic agents on serum biochemical indices in intellectually deficient children]. AB - It was shown that a marked therapeutic effect or its absence in the piracetam and nootropil treatment of children with different degrees of mental retardation is largely determined by the presence in patients' metabolism (before treatment) of certain combined changes in the general activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymic spectrum with regard to the ratio between aerobic and anaerobic subunits. Experimental studies on rats support the necessity of taking into account patients' metabolism when prescribing nootropic agents. It is suggested that considering LDH changes (along with the clinical condition of patients) may be of prognostic significance in the efficacy assessment of treatment with nootropic drugs. PMID- 6686405 TI - Acute effects of growth hormone administration: vitamin A and visceral protein concentrations. AB - We determined albumin, total protein, somatomedin C, retinol binding protein (RBP), transferrin, prealbumin, and complement (C3) concentrations in serum, and vitamin A concentrations in plasma before initiation of growth hormone (GH) therapy and 13 h after each of 4 daily injections of GH (0.1 U/kg) in 6 GH deficient children. Levels of total protein, albumin, and transferrin did not change during the first week of GH administration, however, transferrin levels rose after 6 weeks of GH therapy. Initial somatomedin C levels were below the normal range (0.19 +/- 0.03 U/ml), and rose with GH administration in 4 of the 6 subjects, resulting in a post-treatment mean of 0.56 +/- 0.23 U/ml. With GH administration vitamin A and RBP concentrations decreased from initial values (P less than 0.05), and reached a plateau after 2 injections of GH, while there was no change in concentrations of other proteins. There was a significant linear correlation (P less than 0.05) between the levels of vitamin A and RBP before and after GH administration. We conclude that GH administration results in a selective and marked reduction in the concentrations of plasma vitamin A and serum RBP. PMID- 6686407 TI - [Swollen ventricular tract]. PMID- 6686406 TI - Reaction of the substantia nigra to massive basal ganglia infarction. AB - The human substantia nigra can react to destruction of the basal ganglia in several ways. In ten brains with massive unilateral infarction of the basal ganglia slight to moderate nerve cell loss was present in the ipsilateral substantia nigra. The severe nerve cell loss reported in mostly young experimental animals was not observed. One case also displayed a fine network of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers surrounding pigmented nerve cells and dendrites in the ispilateral substantia nigra. Electron microscopy of the substantia nigra from this case showed neurofilamentous hyperplasia, paired helical filaments and rare straight filaments, but only on the side ipsilateral to the striatal infarct. The nerve cell loss in the ten cases was interpreted as a mainly retrograde degeneration, the perineuronal sprouts in case 10 as a reaction to partial deafferentation, and the paired helical filaments as either a retrograde or a transsynaptic reaction in the substantia nigra ipsilateral to the basal ganglia destruction. PMID- 6686408 TI - [Effects of schizandrol on the central nervous system]. PMID- 6686410 TI - The day-to-day variation in serum digoxin concentration. The Horsholm digoxin study. AB - Serum digoxin concentration was measured in 70 medical patients 7 and 8 days after admission to hospital. The digoxin treatment taken at home was continued in hospital. There was no statistically significant difference between mean digoxin concentrations in samples taken at day 7 (1.52 nmol/l) and day 8 (1.48 nmol/l). The variation in serum digoxin concentration from day to day expressed as SD was 0.25 nmol/l; 95% confidence limits were +/- 0.51 nmol/l, and 99% confidence limits +/- 0.67 nmol/l. Variations in serum digoxin concentration were not correlated to age, sex, body weight, serum creatinine and the oral dose of digoxin. PMID- 6686409 TI - Acute ethanol intoxication decreases subsequent food intake and changes hepatic microsomal enzyme activities similarly to fasting. AB - The effect of intragastric ethanol, 7.8 g/kg, on the microsomal enzyme activities NADPH cytochrome c reductase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, were investigated in two sizes (150 g and 260 g) of mature male rats having free access to food and water for the 23 hours following ethanol administration. Controls received intragastric water and were given free access to food and water (fed controls) or only water (fasted controls). The ethanol group had a significantly lower food intake than the fed control group, and food intake in the large rats was more decreased by ethanol than that of the small rats, corresponding to slower recovery from intoxication. Ethanol and fasting increased aniline hydroxylation and decreased acetone enhancement of aniline hydroxylation to the same degree, whereas only fasting caused a significant decrease in aminopyrine N-demethylation. Some of the effects of acute ethanol intoxication on hepatic microsomal enzyme activities appear to be mediated via decreased food intake. PMID- 6686411 TI - Activity of the auditory system in rats habituated to a test chamber: a 2 deoxyglucose study. AB - In a number of species, quantitative 2-deoxyglucose method revealed that the auditory system is much more active than any other-neural system. We tested the hypothesis that stressful experimental conditions may be responsible for this hyperactivity. Three rats received transcatheteral injections of [14C] 2 deoxyglucose while exposed to a wide band noise in a sound-shielded chamber in which they had previously spent 17 habituation sessions. In autoradiograms of these animals the auditory system appeared as intensely labelled (active) as in control animals. We conclude that the high activity of the auditory system in the rat does not seem to result from presumably stressful normal laboratory conditions. PMID- 6686412 TI - [Introduction to the fluid dynamics study of the urethra]. PMID- 6686413 TI - [Cytogenetic studies in the fertilization in vitro of human oocytes]. PMID- 6686414 TI - [Relation between the fibrinolytic activity of the blood, placenta and fetal membranes in normal and complicated pregnancy]. PMID- 6686416 TI - Epidemiology of mental retardation--a Swedish survey. AB - ecent epidemiological studies in Swedish school age children revealed a prevalence of severe mental retardation (SMR = IQ less than 50) of 0.3% and of mild mental retardation (MMR = IQ 50-70) around 0.4%. In SMR prenatal causes were found in 55%, perinatal in 15-20%, no traceable brain pathology in 18%. Corresponding figures for MMR were 23%, 18% and 55%, respectively. Down syndrome was the largest single cause of SMR and polygenic subcapacity considered to be that of MMR. Chromosomal errors were detected among 29% SMR and 4% MMR school children. Fragile X accounted for 4% SMR and 10% MMR in boys. Fetal alcohol syndromes constituted 8% of urban MMR. The contribution of inborn errors of metabolism was 4-5% and less than 1%, in SMR and MMR, respectively. Perinatal (28th prenatal week-28th postnatal day) brain damage was implicated in 15% of SMR and 18% of MMR. Pathogenetic data are considered for potential preventive measures. PMID- 6686415 TI - [Cytodiagnosis of HSV-2 infection of the female genitalia in obstetrical, gynecological and oncological practice]. PMID- 6686417 TI - Nephrotoxicity of sodium arsenate in dogs. AB - Nephrotoxicity of sodium arsenate was evaluated in dogs to determine the pathophysiologic basis for renal lesions caused by this heavy metal. Examination of biopsy specimens indicated that the low dose of the As salt (0.73 mg/kg of body weight) produced histologic changes consisting of mild degeneration and vacuolation of renal tubular epithelium. Vacuolation involved mainly the ascending thick portion of the nephron. Clinical pathologic changes were not demonstrable at this dosage level according to glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance), fractional reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride; plasma osmolar and free water clearance; and urinalysis. The medium dose (7.33 mg/kg) resulted in alterations determined by urinalysis, but did not markedly affect other clinical pathologic measurements. Histopathologic changes were equal to or greater than those seen with the low dose. Tubular necrosis was observed in the cortical portion of the nephron and the ascending thick limb. The high dose (14.66 mg/kg) consistently produced marked changes in all parameters evaluated. Clinical pathologic alterations were compatible with acute tubular necrosis involving all segments of the nephron. Histologically, moderate glomerular sclerosis and severe tubular necrosis were observed. During recovery from the high dose of As, a gradual compensatory healing process was observed that was evident in all clinical pathologic parameters and was confirmed from sequential renal biopsy specimens. PMID- 6686418 TI - Simulium jenningsi Malloch (Diptera: Simuliidae): a vector of Onchocerca lienalis Stiles (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in New York. AB - Biting flies were collected from the umbilical areas of Onchocerca lienalis infected cattle in New York (state) from June through September of 1980. Of the 766 flies collected, 705 were Simulium jenningsi. Microfilariae were detected in the midguts of 37 (50%) of 73 females dissected immediately after the flies had fed. The mean number of larvae per positive fly (fly with microfilariae) was 15.2. Third-stage larvae were recovered from 25 (21.9%) of 114 S jenningsi dissected 8 to 13 days after they had fed on the infected cattle; the mean number of 3rd-stage larvae per positive fly was 3.5. Dissections of flies performed on days 1 through 7 after feeding yielded various numbers of 1st and 2nd-stage larvae from the thoracic muscles. Ovarian dissections performed on 304 S jenningsi attacking cattle indicated an overall parous rate of 58%. Naturally occurring infections with filarial larvae indistinguishable from O lienalis were found in 7.3% of the parous females. Three of these flies, or 1.7% of the parous collection, harbored 3rd-stage larvae. The onset of naturally occurring filarial infections in the population of S jenningsi coincided with a peak in the parous rate in late June. Thereafter, filarial infections were generally detected when the parous rate was above 50%. PMID- 6686419 TI - Physiologic and behavioral evaluation of CO euthanasia of adult dogs. AB - Pure CO was used to euthanatize 18 dogs. During the procedure, physiologic parameters: EEG, ECG, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and cortisol values were monitored. Behavioral manifestations were also noted. The EEG modifications indicated a cortical voltage increase followed by rapid cerebral death. Higher heart and respiratory rates during EEG modifications indicated stress, and arterial blood pressure decreased significantly (P = less than 0.05) at the same time. Serum cortisol values were already high before the euthanasia process. Based on these observations, a precise time could not be set for unconsciousness. A gray zone, during which vocalization and agitation occurred for approximately 20 to 25 s, was 3 to 8 s in 10 dogs. These behavioral manifestations could still occur in the conscious phase. PMID- 6686420 TI - [Myocardial infarction in relation to perinatal hypoxia]. AB - Six newborn infants with myocardial infarction are presented. All of them had a history of perinatal hypoxemia and their natal weights were below 2,500 g. All infants developed cardiogenic "shock" during and required assisted ventilation. Autopsy confirmed the diagnosis in five of the six infants. Other autopsy findings were intracranial bleeding (three cases) and pulmonary atelectasis (two cases). Authors review pathophysiology of this clinical picture and point out its possible influence in the origin of neonatal shock. PMID- 6686422 TI - Atropine toxicity in identical twins. AB - Two cases of atropine toxicity in monozygotic twins presented with the usual systemic manifestations: hyperpyrexia, agitation, mydriasis, tachypnea, tachycardia, decreased gastrointestinal motility, anhydrosis, and skin flush. Intravenous physostigmine, the treatment of choice, was used to resolve the toxic crisis. Physostigmine counteracts atropine's anticholinergic effects at the postganglionic nerve synapses of the autonomic nervous system. The chance of atropine toxicity occurring with ophthalmic usage may be lessened by careful parental instruction about dosages and about the warning signs of its systemic toxicity. PMID- 6686421 TI - [Crohn disease in univitelline twins]. AB - Authors report two homozygotic twins with Crohn's disease. Symptoms appeared at the ages of 11 and 13 and consisted mainly diarrhea accompanied by general signs of disease. Contrast X-Ray studies revealed in both ileo-cecal locations. In one of the patients there was an esophageal inflammation as well. In view of the obscure origin of Crohn's disease they consider interesting to report this familial observation in order to support genetic explanation. PMID- 6686423 TI - Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with relapsing uveitis. AB - A case of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia associated with relapsing uveitis in both eyes is reported. To our knowledge, no similar case has been reported. PMID- 6686424 TI - [Lethal mandibulofacial and ulnofibular dysostosis]. PMID- 6686425 TI - A zinc-deficient diet for ruminants: diagnosis and treatment of deficiency. AB - A zinc deficient diet which is not semi-synthetic was tried on 20 male Limousin X Romanoff three and a half month-old sheep weighing 36 kg on average. This diet was composed of strawy hay sprayed with caramel containing urea and minerals. Compared to hay alone this diet is more appetizing to lambs and more equilibrated as to energy level and soluble nitrogen utilization. The deficiency appeared within a week in zinc plasma and progressed clinically within 100 days. The plasmic free zinc and alkaline phosphatase were not better criteria for the deficiency diagnosis than total plasmic zinc. Supplementing the diet to 50 or even 100 mg Zn/kg DM was insufficient to suppress the deficiency. Zinc injection, by contrast, restored zincemia to normal in ten days. Zinc deficiency treatment by oral route should be reconsidered. PMID- 6686426 TI - Plastic surgical postero-lateral redirection extension vulvo-vaginoplasty. AB - This paper offers a report of a vulvo-vaginoplasty, that rotates the vaginal axis away from alignment with the internal genitalia and bladder to treat refractory coitally connected recurrent cystitis and deep internal genital and bladder dyspareunia, by lessening coital trauma to the bladder and the internal genitalia. This rotation also aligns the vagina with the clitoris and the upper inner labia, which increases the mechanical efficiency of indirect coital clitoral manipulation via the inner labia and adds direct coital clitoral manipulation. The intensity of coital sexual response is thereby equated with the intensity of clitoral response. Standard reconstructive surgical procedures are utilized to rotate the axis of the vagina, which shorten the long axis of the vagina, requiring the concomitant construction from the labia majora of an extension of the vagina and a new introitus, both of an appropriate diameter. This extends the vagina to the clitoris and the indications for the operation to treatment of iatrogenic or congenital stricture and shortening of the vagina; and childbirth enlargement. The clitoris is not moved. It is circumcised to increase clitoral response. A preliminary report of results is included herein. PMID- 6686427 TI - Simultaneous urethrocystometry in gynaecological patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction. AB - Simultaneous urethrocystometry was used in the investigation of 103 gynaecological patients with complaints of lower urinary tract dysfunction. The symptom of stress incontinence was present in 71 patients, and was verified in 56. The symptom of urge incontinence was present in 46 patients, urgency in 15 and other symptoms in 22. Motor urge incontinence was revealed in 13 patients, sensory urge incontinence in 3 and unstable urethral pressure in 30. A carefully recorded case history should be supplemented with objective measurements to obtain a correct diagnosis. PMID- 6686428 TI - [Metabolic characteristics of a nystatin-resistant strain of a fungal producer of fusidic acid]. AB - The physiological and morphofunctional properties of the polyene-sensitive and resistant mutants of fungus producing fusidic acid were studied comparatively. The highly active nystatin resistant mutant was characterized by the decreased growth rates, lowered sporulation levels, retarded synthesis of nucleic acids and protein, lower respiration activity and higher mycelium lipid contents. The ultrastructural investigation of the polyene-resistant strain revealed the presence of lower numbers of ribosomes, membrane structures and mitochondria. Destructive changes in mitochondria and lipid masses in the hyphal cytoplasm were also observed. PMID- 6686429 TI - Evaluation of prodrugs of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine for therapeutic efficacy in the topical treatment of genital herpesvirus infections in guinea pigs. AB - Prodrugs of the antiviral agent 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (araA), which were more effective than the parent compound in penetrating vaginal membranes in vitro, were synthesized and examined for efficacy in the topical treatment of genital infections with herpes simplex virus type 2 in female guinea pigs. Treatment with 10% araA-5'-monophosphate or 10% araA-5'-monovalerate twice a day for 7 days, starting 6 h after intravaginal inoculation with virus, completely aborted the primary infection. When initiation of treatment was delayed until 24 h postinfection, araA-5'-monophosphate and araA-5'-monovalerate were no longer effective in reducing the mean lesion scores or mean vaginal virus titers. Treatment with 5% acyclovir, starting at 24 h postinfection, failed to prevent genital lesion development but significantly reduced the peak mean lesion score (approximately 50%). Topical therapy with 10% araA-2',3'-diacetate, initiated at 24 h postinfection, was as effective as, if not more effective than, acyclovir in reducing the severity of herpes genitalis in guinea pigs. Treatment with 10% araA 2',3'-dipropionate or 10% araA-2',3'-dibutyrate was without benefit. Among a series of 5'-monoesters of araA, araA-5'-monobutyrate appeared to be the most effective but was less active than araA-2',3'-diacetate. These data indicate that araA-2',3'-diacetate may be an effective antiviral agent for topical use against genital herpesvirus infections. PMID- 6686430 TI - Toxicity of the Alternaria metabolites alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, altenuene, and tenuazonic acid in the chicken embryo assay. AB - The effects in the chicken embryo assay of four Alternaria metabolites (alternariol [AOH], alternariol methyl ether [AME], altenuene [ALT], and tenuazonic acid [TA]) were investigated. Administered to 7-day-old chicken embryos by yolk sac injection, AOH, AME, and ALT caused no mortality or teratogenic effect at doses up to 1,000, 500, and 1,000 micrograms per egg, respectively. TA exhibited a calculated 50% lethal dose of 548 micrograms per egg, with no teratogenic effect observed at either lethal or sublethal doses. PMID- 6686431 TI - Management of paroxysmal tachycardia. PMID- 6686432 TI - Vitamin A transporting proteins in human epidermis and blister fluids. AB - In connection with studies on vitamin A transport to keratinocytes in vivo, the retinol, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and prealbumin contents of blister fluid obtained subepidermally (suction) or intraepidermally (friction) were analyzed. The median concentrations of the three components in suction blister fluid (SBF) were all about 33% of the serum concentrations. Corresponding values for alpha 2 macroglobulin and total protein, measured as controls, were 27 and 30%, respectively. The relative amounts of retinol and prealbumin in friction blister fluid (FBF) were the same as those in SBF. By contrast, FBF contained more RBP (median value 40%; P less than 0.01 vs SBF value). It is suggested that apo-RBP (RBP without retinol) is generated within the epidermis and contributes to the high RBP value in FBF. FBF constituents are probably derived from the intercellular space of the epidermis, at least during the initial phase of blister formation. Accordingly, RBP and prealbumin were identified in homogenates of pure epidermis. During the later stages of blister formation, FBF resembles an ultrafiltrate of dermal fluid, although different in this respect from SBF. PMID- 6686433 TI - Determination of the urethral stress profile with the aid of perfused catheters. AB - To make manometric studies of urethral function and obtain exact recordings of the so-called stress profile requires a pressure rise rate which exceeds that of the pressure complex due to coughing. The syringe perfusion pump commonly used in urodynamics limits the pressure rise rate. The rate ist also reduced by catheters with high compliance. A suitable recording accuracy necessitates values greater than 150 kPa/s. This can be achieved with the aid of an improved pneumatic hydraulic infusion system and low-compliance catheters. We describe the improvement of a recording system and demonstrate the importance of a suitable pressure rise rate. PMID- 6686435 TI - [Metabolism parameters in blood plasma of gilts in hormonally-induced and non induced estrus]. PMID- 6686434 TI - Protein patterns of Upper Volta children as a function of age and nutritional status. PMID- 6686437 TI - Electron microscopic observation on osteocytes of chronically alcoholized rats. AB - Adult female Wistar rats were alcoholized with 5% to 20% of ethyl alcohol from 2 months onwards for 1 year. The alcohol was added to the drinking water. The animals were reared under conventional conditions. Their ossa femura were used for electron microscopical studies. Pathologic findings on osteocytes are described. PMID- 6686436 TI - [Mechanism of action of cis-bis(glycylglycine ethyl ester)platinum(II) chloride- effect on protein biosynthesis]. PMID- 6686438 TI - Effects of level of dietary intake and physical form of protein supplement on the digestibilities of different dietary carbohydrates between mouth and abomasum of young steers. AB - Steers fitted with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given isoenergetic diets of rolled barley and chopped straw, pelleted together with some tapioca alone (B) or with some tapioca replaced by coarse soyabean meal (M) or finely ground soyabean flour (F). The diets were given at two levels to support 0.5 (L) and 1.0 (H) kg/d live weight gain. Chromic oxide and PEG were given as digesta flow markers. Mouth to abomasum digestibilities of different dietary sugars at the low level of intake (LB) were 0.65, 0.68, 0.59, 0.56 and 0.94 for arabinose, galactose, xylose, cellulose-glucose and starch-glucose respectively. Corresponding values at the higher level of intake (HB) were 0.55, 0.66, 0.55, 0.44 and 0.93 respectively. Supplementation with either soya bean meal or flour had no significant effects on the mouth to abomasum of dietary carbohydrate digestibilities at either level of feeding. PMID- 6686439 TI - Quality assurance in US hospitals: a view from Australia.5. PMID- 6686441 TI - Behavioral studies in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - In the present study we examined some behavioral patterns in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) male rats as compared with Wistar (W) rats. The following methods were employed: open field test, two-way active avoidance, passive avoidance, shock-induced fighting, shock-induced suppression of drinking (conflict test), and dominant-subordinate behavior in rats competing for water. Spontaneously hypertensive rats showed higher level of locomotor activity, lower emotionality, lower anxiety level, increased acquisition of avoidance tasks, and enhanced dominance behavior. In addition, hypertensive rats were less aggressive in shock-induced fighting test. It is concluded, that spontaneously hypertensive rats seem to be hyperactive in terms of locomotor activity while their emotionality appears to be paradoxically reduced. PMID- 6686442 TI - Effects of chronic ethanol feeding and acetaldehyde metabolism on calcium transport by rat liver mitochondria. AB - The prolonged feeding of ethanol to rats alters in vitro mitochondrial transport of calcium. Hepatic mitochondria isolated from rats fed ethanol for 7 weeks exhibited decreased retention of calcium in the presence of 4mM-Pi. This defect was associated with enhanced efflux of calcium when mitochondria were incubated with EGTA. Acetaldehyde at low, "physiological" concentrations (100 microM) enhanced calcium retention by mitochondria but this response was blunted after chronic ethanol administration. The in vitro actions of acetaldehyde appear to be mediated, in part, by its metabolism in mitochondria since pretreatment of rats with cyanamide (an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor) prevents this effect. PMID- 6686443 TI - [Synthesis of 14C-azelastine hydrochloride]. AB - The synthesis of 4-(p-Chlorobenzyl)-2-(hexahydro-1-methyl-1H-azepin-4-yl)-1(2H) phthalazinone hydrochloride (14C-azelastine hydrochloride, Asta A 5610) is described Starting material was 14C-phthalic anhydride. PMID- 6686444 TI - [Central depressant drugs. 3. 3-Aromatic-aliphatic-substituted 4-hydroxypyrimido [1,2-a]benzimidazol-2-ones]. AB - Within the structural class of pyrimidol[1,2-a]benzimidazole-2,4-diones accessible through condensation of 2-amino-benzimidazole (1) with malonates (2) there occur representatives exhibiting centrally dampening properties. In particular, aromatic moieties have now been included into the present investigations. By condensation of 1 with diethyl benzylmalonate (2a), 3-benzyl-4 hydroxypyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-2-one (3a) has been synthesized. In the same manner, 4-hydroxy-3-(2'-phenylethyl)pyrimido-[1,2-a]benzimidazole-2-one (3b) has been prepared from 1 and diethyl (2'-phenylethyl)malonate (2b). PMID- 6686445 TI - 5-Phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones. Experimental verification of substituent constants. AB - The partition coefficient, pK-values and the angle of twist of the 5-phenyl ring of 65 5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones were experimentally determined. Linear regression models were applied to examine existing additivity rules. The experimental and calculated values are mostly in good agreement. Systematic deviations confirm that, with the models commonly used, some of the substituent effects are not fully accounted for. PMID- 6686440 TI - Diurnal rhythmicity and Air Force flight accidents due to pilot error. AB - In order to evaluate the possible role of an endogenous rhythmic factor in Air Force flight accidents a retrospective study was carried out. The study included all Air Force (aircraft) flying accidents which have been attributed to pilot's error and which occurred, in peace time missions, over a period of 12 years (1968 1980). The frequency of hourly accidents was computed separately, for each year, for each month, for each day of the week, and for each calendar day. Identical computations were carried out for the frequency of hourly flights. When the hourly ratios of these two parameters were computed, by dividing the value of one parameter to the other at each hour, a rhythmic (rather than constant) diurnal pattern was obtained. The pattern was defined as the "Hourly Accident Coefficient (HAC)". The HAC values ranged from 1.58 to 0.68 (pooled data for all surveyed aircrafts) and from 4.12 to 0.74 (data for fighter planes). The pattern, which exhibited a diurnal rhythm, was independent of the frequency of flights and appeared to be related to the sleep-wake cycle of the pilots, especially to the time of waking from the night sleep. The results are used as a directive for a progressive study aimed at evaluating the practical implications of the presented observations. PMID- 6686446 TI - The effect of lithium, imipramine and chlorpromazine on the membrane bound enzyme phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase. AB - The activity of phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase (PMT) in disrupted human erythrocytes and ghost cells was inhibited by lithium (Li+), imipramine and chlorpromazine. There was no inhibitory effect of the drugs in concentrations similar to the average therapeutic blood levels. Li+ exerted an inhibition on PMT activity in hemolysates at concentrations 8 times the average therapeutic level whereas chlorpromazine and imipramine showed an inhibitory effect on PMT in hemolysates at 10(3) fold their respective therapeutic serum level. PMID- 6686447 TI - Nitrendipine: identification and synthesis of main metabolites. AB - (+/-)-Ethylmethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5 pyridinedicarboxylate (nitrendipine, Bay e 5009) 1, a calcium antagonistic 1,4 dihydropyridine derivative, is currently under development as an antihypertensive. A pharmacokinetic study with 14C-nitrendipine in the rat revealed as major metabolites the pyridine 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9 using glc-, tlc- and gc/ms-techniques. A potential metabolic pathway is discussed involving oxidation to the pyridine form, saponification of the ester groups and hydroxylation of the methyl groups as general biotransformation steps. 1,4 Dihydropyridines bearing appropriate functionalities were precursors in the synthesis of the reference metabolites 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 10. PMID- 6686448 TI - Drug interactions of gliclazide and other sulfonylureas in protein binding in vitro and in hypoglycemic effect in rats. AB - Possible drug interaction in clinical use of a hypoglycemic sulfonylurea, gliclazide, was examined by two measures: its binding to protein in vitro and its hypoglycemic effect in vitro in the presence of other therapeutic agents. Binding of radiolabeled sulfonylureas to human serum albumin at its physiological concentration was determined by ultrafiltration in the presence of other agents. The concentrations of all agents examined were at their therapeutic (i.e., clinically observable) levels in the blood. Protein binding of [3H]gliclazide and [14C]tolbutamide was modified by salicylic acid and phenylbutazone but not by tolmetin, warfarin and propranolol. Binding of [3H]glibenclamide was not influenced by these agents under conditions employed. Blood glucose lowering effect of sulfonylureas was studied in rats to which other agents were given. The hypoglycemic effect of gliclazide and chlorpropamide was enhanced by concomitant administration of acetylsalicylic acid and phenylbutazone but not by dicumarol and warfarin. The enhancement of hypoglycemic effect is likely to result from the interaction of protein binding between the drugs. PMID- 6686449 TI - Comparison of in vitro behaviour and in vivo efficacy of two 7S-immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use. AB - Two intravenous 7S-immunoglobulin (IgG) preparations, beta-propiolactone(beta-PL) treated (Intraglobin) and hydrochloric acid/pepsin-treated, were tested for their in vitro behaviour in haemagglutination, anticomplementary activity and binding to SPA-sepharose. These results were compared with the efficacy of these preparations in vivo, using mouse protection tests with Salmonella and Pseudomonas as a challenge. In spite of marked differences in the in vitro behaviour, both preparations showed almost the same efficacy in vivo. These results indicate that in vitro findings do not allow predictions of the in vivo efficacy of intravenous IgG preparations. PMID- 6686450 TI - Improvement of the metabolic and energetic situation of ischemically stressed myocardium by verapamil after experimental coronary artery occlusion. AB - On anaesthetized open-chest mongrel dogs (n = 7) short-time (3 min), repeated ischemia of relatively large parts of the myocardium was produced by proximal, intermittent occlusion of the LAD artery in intervals of 45 min. Usually, 2-3 control occlusions and 2-3 occlusions under therapy were performed. From hemodynamic data, coronary blood flow and AVD-O2 myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and energy demand (Et) were continuously recorded by use of a micro computer. The occurring difference between MVO2 and Et (dO2) allowed to calculate during the occlusion period the O2-debt (DO2) and during the reperfusion period the O2-repayment (RO2). Furthermore, the releases of the metabolic ischemia parameters lactate, inorganic phosphate and potassium were determined in the first minute of postischemic reperfusion. Compared to control occlusions, premedication with verapamil (Isoptin) 0.12--0.2 mg/kg b.w.) led intra- and interindividually to a significantly reduced O2-debt (p less than 0.001) during the occlusion period combined with a significantly reduced amount of oxygen, additionally taken up in the early reperfusion period (p less than 0.001). Under verapamil the amounts of metabolic parameters released in the first minute of reperfusion decreased significantly: lactate: -36% (p less than 0.001), inorganic phosphate: -32% (p less than 0.001), potassium: -30% (p less than 0.001). The improvement of the metabolic and energetic situation of ischemic myocardium indicates that verapamil may be of importance in reducing the extent and severity of acute myocardial ischemic injury. PMID- 6686451 TI - Distribution and clearance from the body of an oxypolygelatin plasma substitute determined by radioactive tracer study in chimpanzees. AB - The organ distribution of a colloidal plasma substitute on the basis of oxypolygelatin (Gelifundol S) has been determined in chimpanzees with radioactively tagged material. The radioactivity was distributed uniformly in the whole body and after 24 h it was nearly completely excreted. As liver, spleen, heart, lungs and kidneys were not depicted radiographically in contrast to the body background, it can be concluded that ther e is no preference for the colloid to be stored in any of these organs. Only in the bladder a transiently higher radioactivity could be measured. The urine was collected fo 7 d and contained 91.5% of the colloid originally infused. PMID- 6686453 TI - Pharmacological studies of a series of dermorphin related tetrapeptides. AB - The activity pattern of 8 dermorphin related tetrapeptides was determined in guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens bioassays. Naloxone was a powerful antagonist of all compounds in both preparations. Moreover the biological activities of the test compounds were correlated in a statistically significant way to the lipophilic character of the C-terminal substituents. PMID- 6686452 TI - Tolmetin uptake into inflamed tissue in the rat. AB - Concentrations of the antiinflammatory agent tolmetin have been measured by HPLC in inflamed and non-inflamed rat tissues after oral administration of tolmetin sodium dihydrate in solution (100 mg free acid/kg) and after topical administration of tolmetin (Tolectin gel, 1 g of a 5% gel, 250 mg free acid/kg). After oral administration of tolmetin, there was marked localisation of the drug in inflamed rat paws. Concentrations of tolmetin were significantly greater in inflamed paws than those in non-inflamed paws at each time studied (e.g. at 3 h after dosing, inflamed paw 30.5 micrograms/g, non-inflamed paw 14.9 micrograms/g). After a single topical application of tolmetin gel to the shaved backs of rats, tolmetin was well absorbed percutaneously into the non-inflamed dorsal muscle. After repeated topical application of tolmetin gel to the shaved backs of rats, daily for 4 consecutive days, concentrations of tolmetin (total micrograms/paw) similar in inflamed paws and in non-inflamed paws. After topical administration of tolmetin gel to rat paws, tolmetin was transported from treated paws to untreated paws, e.g. from non-inflamed paws to inflamed paws and vice versa. These studies showed that tolmetin applied topically reaches inflamed tissues in concentrations that exceed those in plasma. PMID- 6686454 TI - Thiosemicarbazones of 2-acetylpyridine, 2-acetylquinoline, 1- and 3 acetylisoquinoline and related compounds as inhibitors of clinically significant bacteria in vitro. AB - Antibacterial activity of 64 thiosemicarbazones of 2-acetylpyridine, 2 acetylquinoline, 1- and 3-acetylisoquinoline and related compounds was determined by testing clinical isolates of ten bacterial genera, including some which were antibiotic resistant. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.016 to 0.125 microgram/ml were obtained with 26% of the compounds for Neisseria meningitidis and 0.002 to 0.25 microgram/ml with 19% of the compounds for N. gonorrhoeae. Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited in the MIC range of 0.062 to 0.5 microgram/ml by 34% of the thiosemicarbazones, whereas 26% inhibited Streptococcus faecalis with an MIC range of 0.25 to 1.0 microgram/ml. Less antibacterial activity was shown toward the Gram-negative bacilli, i.e., Pseudomonas, Klebsiella Enterobacter, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Proteus. PMID- 6686455 TI - Hemodynamic activity of different doses of sulmazole by infusion. AB - By means of right heart catheterisation and thermodilution the hemodynamic response to two different doses of 2-[2-methoxy-4-(methylsulfinyl) phenyl]-1H imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (sulmazole, AR-L 115 BS, Vardax) (1.5 mg or 0.7 mg/min) was determined in 10 hospitalized patients with congestive cardiac insufficiency. It was found that sulmazole has a marked positive inotropic effect, increasing the cardiac output and stroke work index and decreasing the peripheral systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, almost without altering the blood pressure values; furthermore, it reduces the right atrial pressure, the pulmonary capillary pressure and the pulmonary arterial pressure. Tolerance of sulmazole was excellent; no tachyphylaxis nor rebound reactions were observed during the 36 h period of medication. PMID- 6686456 TI - [Propafenon and alcohol: effect of this combination of behavioral performance and the subjective condition in healthy volunteers]. AB - A double-blind cross-over study was carried out in ten healthy volunteers to investigate whether there was possible propafenone (Rytmonorm) interaction with alcohol and whether series propafenone produced EEG changes. For this a series of performance variables and two rating scales describing subjective condition (EWL, Bf-S) were used. In addition the volunteers described spontaneously the undesired effects with their own verbal concepts. Under all conditions of the trial no systematic EEG changes were found. The propafenone-alcohol combination effect was not different from the placebo-alcohol effects. Only the flicker fusion frequency (CFF) measurements yielded systematic changes. The CFF was decreased at the termination of the investigation compared with the beginning. However, these effects were similar under both propafenone and placebo and did not differ statistically significantly from each other. Thus, these effects could not be caused by propafenone. PMID- 6686457 TI - [Comparative bioavailability of 2 oral theophylline sustained-release preparations]. AB - The presented study reviews the pharmacodynamics of theophylline therapy and reports the relative bioavailability of a new theophylline sustained release formulation (GTR-80) compared with another 300 mg containing theophylline sustained release preparation. PMID- 6686458 TI - Amikacin levels in human aqueous humor. AB - Amikacin is one of the newer aminoglycoside antibiotics. The penetration of amikacin into the human primary aqueous humor after intramuscular application was investigated. Comparing our results with reports concerning the blood aqueous permeability of gentamicin and tobramycin we could not find any significantly better penetration of amikacin into the human aqueous humor after i.m. injection. The advantage of amikacin lies in its effectiveness against bacteria resistant to other aminoglycosides. PMID- 6686459 TI - Is the hypercholesterolemic effect of dietary casein related to its phosphorylation state? PMID- 6686460 TI - Behavioural changes following lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex in male rats. AB - Bilateral lesions were made, confined to the orbitofrontal part of the prefrontal cortex (OF) of male WEZOB rats at 3 different ages (30, 45 and 60 days) and behavioural changes were studied in adulthood. In a test situation for intermale aggression OF-lesioned animals showed a higher level of aggression than their control-operated opponents. Such changes were not witnessed in encounters with male rats of the less aggressive Wistar strain which emphasizes the importance of the choice of the opponents in tests for agonistic behaviour. OF lesioning did not interfere with male sexual behaviour. When tested in an open field, activity scores of OF-lesioned animals exceeded those of the control group. OF lesioning resulted in a slight but significant long-term weight reduction, 2-3 months following surgery, in comparison with the control group. However, a severe reduction in food intake (aphagia), immediately after the operation, was not observed. Increase in both aggression and locomotor activity was seen in all 3 age groups, and data do not support the hypothesis that sparing of function had occurred in the 30-day operates, as compared with the 60-day operates. However, the duration of allogrooming bouts per approach in the social agonistic situation did show a pattern depending on the lesion momentum: prepubertal OF lesions resulting in less frequent approaches and grooming bouts of longer duration. These findings are explained in terms of perseverative tendencies following OF lesions. PMID- 6686461 TI - Behavioural examinations of the anti-aggressive drug fluprazine. AB - The behavioural influence of the anti-aggressive drug Fluprazine (DU 27716) was examined using an ethological technique. The drug inhibited aggressive behaviour but not in an entirely specific way. Fluprazine also stimulated non-social and defensive/flight behaviours; there was a greater tendency for drug-treated animals to avoid their opponents. Using an automatic recording technique the drug's anti-aggressive action was monitored for 23 h. There was a potent anti aggressive influence that lasted for up to 4 h. However, when the drug-effect wore off there were bouts of fighting. Over 23 h Fluprazine did not significantly decrease the total aggression recorded. PMID- 6686462 TI - The toxicology of brotizolam. AB - Acute studies. Following oral or intraperitoneal administration, toxicity was very low (LD50 in rodents greater than 10,000 and greater than 900 mg/kg, respectively). Subacute and chronic studies in rodents. Signs of toxicity were seen only at doses of 400 mg/kg or more. Histopathological changes were found only in the 78-week study. Subacute studies in dogs (intravenous) and primates (oral). In dogs, doses of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg produced ataxia, salivation, and diarrhoea. In monkeys doses of 7 mg/kg or higher produced ataxia, increased appetite, hyperreflexive muscular spasms, increase in liver weight, and lipid depletion of the adrenal cortex. Reproductive studies in the rat and rabbit. Repeated doses of up to 30 mg/kg were not associated with any disturbance in fertility; nor were any embryotoxic or teratogenic effects observed. When dams wer treated with 400 mg/kg, litter mortality was markedly increased. Mutagenicity studies. The four different tests performed gave no indication of any mutagenic effect. Local tolerance tests in the rabbit. Brotizolam was well tolerated when administered intramuscularly, intra-arterially, or intravenously. Carcinogenicity studies in rodents. The mouse study showed no evidence of a tumourigenic effect. The rat study is still being evaluated. The toxicological studies demonstrate that brotizolam has an unusually wide therapeutic range. Findings of toxicological significance, most of which were reversible, were first recorded at doses of 7-10 mg/kg, i.e. at more than 100-times the intended human therapeutic dose. PMID- 6686463 TI - Structural heterogeneity of reconstituted complexes of DNA with typical and intermediate protamines. AB - The binding of the intermediate proteins phi 1 and phi 3 from the mussel Mytilus edulis to DNA was studied in comparison with the typical protamine from the squid Loligo vulgaris using precipitation curves, thermal denaturation and X-ray diffraction techniques. The properties of protein phi 1 appear to be very close to those of typical protamines while the properties of protein phi 3 are notably different. The method of reconstitution influences the structural properties of the complexes. This effect is most pronounced in the case of protein phi 3. The structural heterogeneity of the protein component in the complexes is discussed in the light of these observations. PMID- 6686464 TI - [Effect of prolonged hypokinesia on the biogenic amine content of rat brain synaptosomes]. AB - Experimental data are provided on the time course of changes in the content of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the synaptosomes of the sensorimotor cortex and caudate nucleus of the rat brain under hypokinesia (HK) lasting 30, 60 and 90 days. At the first stage of HK there were unidirectional changes in the content of NA and DA toward their accumulation by synaptic terminals whereas the level of 5-HT was slightly reduced with respect to normal. The 60-day HK led to varying decreases in the content of all three monoamines as compared with the previous period. Another DA accumulation was recorded by the 90th day of experiment. Meanwhile the content of NA and 5-HT tended toward normal. PMID- 6686466 TI - Bernard-Soulier syndrome and cell adhesion pathology. PMID- 6686465 TI - [Regulation of oxidative phosphorylation as a possible method of normalizing cerebral metabolism]. AB - Experiments were performed to study the effect of chronic emotional painful stress on oxidative phosphorylation in different structures of rat brain at varying times of the development as well as after pretreatment with psychotropic agents. During the stage of excess catabolism, stress was demonstrated to dramatically inhibit and dissociate oxidative phosphorylation. This led to the impairment of macroerg synthesis and to the reduction of the brain macroerg content. Prophylactic administration of the derivatives of nicotinic acid and GABA markedly stimulated oxidative phosphorylation making it return to the initial level. Mebicar and meprobamate were less powerful. Chlorodiazepoxide aggravated stressful effects on tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. It has been demonstrated that energy metabolism of the brain may return to normal at the expense of stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 6686467 TI - History of congenital hemorrhagic thrombocytopathic dystrophy. AB - This history is divided into three parts: The history of the first patient and of the first family studied. The natural history of the disease (epidemiology, clinical disorder, platelet disorder, evolution). The history of research that relates to the disease: a) Methods (morphology, physiology, biochemistry, immunology). b) Concepts. PMID- 6686468 TI - Influence of light irradiance on hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity, serotonin-N-acetyltransferase activity, and radioimmunoassayable melatonin levels in the pineal gland of the diurnally active Richardson's ground squirrel. AB - When Richardson's ground squirrels were kept under light:dark cycles of 14:10 h there was no nocturnal rise in pineal hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) activity. Conversely, the 10 h dark period was associated with large nocturnal rises in both pineal serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and radioimmunoassayable melatonin levels. The nighttime rises in pineal NAT and melatonin were not suppressed by the exposure of the animals to a light irradiance of 925 mu W/cm2 during the normal dark period. On the other hand, when the light irradiance was increased to 1850 mu W/cm2 the rise in pineal NAT activity was eliminated while the melatonin rise was greatly reduced. When ground squirrels were acutely exposed to a light irradiance of 1850 mu W/cm2 for 30 min beginning at 5.5 h after lights out, pineal NAT activity and melatonin levels were reduced to daytime values within 30 min. The half-time (t 1/2) for each constituent was less than 10 min. Exposure to a light irradiance of either 5 s or 5 min (beginning at 5.5 h into dark period) was equally as effective as 30 min light exposure in inhibiting pineal NAT activity and melatonin levels. When animals were returned to darkness after a 30 min exposure to a light irradiance of 1850 mu W/cm2 at night, both pineal NAT activity and melatonin levels were restored to high nighttime levels within 2 h of their return to darkness. The results indicate that the pineal gland of the wild-captured, diurnal Richardson's ground squirrel is 9000 X less sensitive to light at night than is the pineal gland of the laboratory raised, nocturnal Syrian hamster. PMID- 6686470 TI - Psychologic implications of the maltreated-child syndrome. AB - A retrospective investigation of 97 psychologically maltreated children showed a clear relationship between clinical symptoms and the intensity of the abuse. Parental neglect resulted in impairment of intellectual and locomotor development and emotional and behavioral disorders. Neurotic manifestations of regressive type appeared in nearly half the preadolescents who suffered severe psychological abuse. Children under 6 years of age presented functional symptoms, including regression in toilet training and sleep disorders secondary to inadequate mothering. PMID- 6686469 TI - Effects of reducing sensory-motor feedback on the appearance of crossed nigro thalamic projections and recovery from turning induced by unilateral substantia nigra lesions. AB - This experiment addressed the question of whether the increase in interhemispheric nigrothalamic projections, found after unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra (SN), is related to recovery from the lesion-induced sensory motor asymmetry. We examined the effects of diminished information feedback about the animals' own behavior on recovery from turning induced by unilateral substantia nigra lesions, and the appearance of an increase in number of crossed nigro-thalamic projections. The animals received unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions and were placed in a hammock for the next 7 days. Thus, they were prevented from engaging in turning behavior. They were then implanted with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the thalamus ipsilateral to the lesion. No HRP labeled cells were found in the SN contralateral to the HRP implantation in these animals. In rats, which were allowed 7 days normal interaction with the environment subsequent to unilateral SN damage, labeled cells were found in the undamaged SN when HRP was implanted in the thalamus ipsilateral to the lesion. Animals which were kept in the hammock and subsequently allowed a week of normal interaction with the environment showed the same pattern of recovery from turning behavior as the animals which were allowed to recover normally immediately after the unilateral SN lesion. It was concluded that the relationship between the appearance of the nigro-thalamic projections and the cessation of turning behavior is not fortuitous. Also, it would appear that some form of sensory-motor learning is involved in the recovery of function after unilateral SN lesions. Thus, the results substantiate the idea that these cross-projections form part of a physical basis of recovery from unilateral lesion-induced asymmetries. PMID- 6686471 TI - A forty year perspective on effects of child abuse and neglect. AB - Case records written between 1939 and 1945 were used to divide 232 males among four categories, according to how they had been treated as children: "Neglected," "Abused," "Rejected," or "Loved." The groups were similar in terms of poverty and proportions from broken homes. The abused and the rejected were more likely to have been reared by aggressive parents. In addition, the abused were most likely to have also been exposed to high demands for adult behaviors and dominant fathers. The rejected were most likely to have experienced parental conflict and paternal alcoholism or criminality. And the loved were most likely to have been raised by self-confident mothers. Between 1975 and 1979, 98% of the men were retraced. Records for juvenile delinquency showed higher rates among the abused, neglected, and rejected boys than among those raised by loving parents. Rates of alcoholism, divorce, and occupational success were similar among the four groups. Approximately half the abused or neglected boys had been convicted for serious crimes, become alcoholics or mentally ill, or died when unusually young. Although paternal alcoholism and criminality were not related to the occurrence of child abuse, they were related to damage from such abuse. Maternal self-confidence and education appeared to decrease vulnerability to the adverse impact of child abuse. PMID- 6686472 TI - Corporal punishment in schools: myths, problems and alternatives. AB - In many countries, corporal punishment of school children continues to be an officially or unofficially sanctioned form of institutional child abuse. Continuing support for the use of corporal punishment is related to the following factors: (1) widely held beliefs regarding the effectiveness of corporal punishment, (2) an unawareness of problems resulting from the use of physical punishment, and (3) a lack of knowledge about effective disciplinary alternatives. The purpose of this paper is threefold: One is to show that many of the beliefs are myths, e.g., corporal punishment is not needed to build character. The second purpose is to show that physical punishment can lead to more problems than it appears to solve, e.g., the punitive teacher is avoided, and thus, is not a positive factor in the child's education and development. The third purpose is to discuss two types of alternatives to punishment, the social learning approach and communication skills training. These positive methods of discipline not only enhance classroom behavior, but also facilitate learning. In an atmosphere free of abusing and demeaning acts and in a classroom characterized by positive mutual regard, teachers can maximize their effectiveness as teachers and students can maximize their effectiveness as learners. PMID- 6686473 TI - Whiplash shaking syndrome: retinal hemorrhages and computerized axial tomography of the brain. AB - Three cases of whiplash shaking injury of infants are presented. All children presented with seizures and had minimal signs of external injury. Examination of the retina revealed extensive retinal hemorrhages. These were missed on initial examination and were only discovered after pupillary dilatation. The presence of these palecentered retinal hemorrhages suggested the diagnosis of child abuse and skeletal surveys and thorough social histories confirmed the diagnosis. Despite extensive retinal hemorrhages, computerized axial tomography (C.T.) scan showed minimal inter-hemispheric bleeding. In contrast to the "Battered Child Syndrome," all the findings in whiplash shaking syndrome of infants are subtle and demand an awareness, an index of suspicion and a thorough examination which may include extensive retinal examination following dilatation of the pupils. This latter examination is frequently not performed by family physicians and residents so that the syndrome may be missed. A fourth case is also discussed where shaking is admitted on initial presentation but said to be done for resuscitation. This poses an immense diagnostic dilemma to the pediatrician since in this case the child presented later with all the signs of physical abuse. PMID- 6686475 TI - The effect of mandatory protective daycare on mutual attachment in maltreating mother-infants dyads. AB - Twenty-two children for whom protective daycare was sought were followed for four years. Those placed in daycare had earlier removals for foster care than the children who could not be placed in daycare. At the end of four years the outcomes for the two groups were similar. It was concluded that mandatory protective daycare had hastened, but not caused, the removal of the children. This unexpected outcome was explained in terms of attachment theory. Evidence was cited showing that both maltreating mothers and their infants could be considered anxiously attached and that such individuals would be more than normally vulnerable to experiences of separation. In this study both mothers and infants reacted to the daycare placement with a combination of direct anger and ignoring (repressed anger). These reactions exacerbated the already strained mother-infant relationships leading to increased abuse and neglect of the infants and, therefore, earlier removal. PMID- 6686474 TI - Protocol to investigate child abuse in foster care. AB - Hennepin County Community Services, a large urban agency in the midwestern United States, developed specific procedures for investigating complaints of abuse and neglect of children in foster care in 1980. During the period from May 1980 through November 1981, approximately 125 complaints of abuse and neglect in foster homes were investigated. This article discusses the Protocol, including the institutional abuse meeting, investigation by an independent third party, and statements of finding. Factors that appear to be significant in abusing foster parents are marital status, if the foster parents had children of their own, length of time licensed, and presence of previous complaints. Victims were slightly more likely to be male, aged 4-12. Many victims appeared to have adjusted well to the foster homes. Information is presented on how the abuse was reported. Recommendations include: investigations conducted by an objective third person, commitment of the administration, and enlistment of legal personnel and foster parents during implementation. Also included are prevention of abuse through comprehensive screening and then training of foster parents, social workers' close contact with foster parents and foster children, avoiding high risk placement, forbidding corporal punishment, and sensitizing social workers to abuse-neglect of children in foster care. PMID- 6686476 TI - The battered child: a study of the role of services in 25 cases of child abuse in The Netherlands. AB - With the help of a questionnaire and the study of 25 cases of child abuse from 1973 to 1976, the course of assistance given by various services and social workers involved was followed and the extent of the coordination between them was assessed. The starting point was the fact that when child abuse has reached the crisis stage many different bodies give immediate assistance to both the child and his parents. Later on, however, as help continues, it is not clear which of the persons or bodies concerned is really in charge of the case. The following conclusions were drawn: Abused children came from multiproblem families who often already have had contact with care or welfare services though no steps had been taken to intervene before ill-treatment was verified. Many parents confessed to ill-treatment of their child and desired help. Abused children were subjected to longer than usual hospital stays due to lack of reception facilities outside the hospital. Most ill-treated children abused enough to be hospitalized, were placed away from home although half of the parents did not agree with that decision. Of those later returned to their parents, over half had to be removed later for renewed ill-treatment and neglect. The need for one body to coordinate and be responsible for execution of plans for treatment was stressed. PMID- 6686478 TI - Non-organic failure to thrive: implications of placement through analysis of videotaped interactions. AB - This paper presents 6-month follow-up on a group of 16 infants hospitalized during the first months of life for non-organic failure to thrive (N-O FTT) and their mothers. Eight of these infants were placed in foster care and eight were returned home with their parents following hospitalization. The effects of placement on infant outcomes were examined through comparison of developmental scores and weight percentile changes, and the implications of foster care placements for mother-infant interactions were examined through analysis of patterns of interaction in videotaped sessions of feeding and play six months after hospital discharge. This analysis showed that (1) mothers in both groups failed to make significant progress in resolving their own emotional or psychological conflicts through treatment available; (2) weight and developmental status of the infants did not improve as expected in either group, and finally that (3) the patterns of interaction between mother and infant showed little change over time, and, regardless of placement at home or in foster care, remained concerning. PMID- 6686477 TI - Non-organic failure to thrive: decision for placement and videotaped evaluations. AB - Infants hospitalized for non-organic failure to thrive in the first six months of life are in a life-threatening situation and are already at risk for poor bonding with mother. In light of this, the meaning and use of foster care and how this separation affects the developing mother-child relationship are the issues addressed through examination of 16 cases in which 8 of the infants were placed in foster care and 8 discharged home after the failure to thrive hospitalization. This paper examines (1) maternal histories of pregnancy, labor and delivery and the neonatal status of placed and non-placed infants; (2) the developmental and weight status of placed children; (3) the nature of the decision criteria for after-hospital care; and (4) the mother-infant relationship at initial intake in terms of mother's report of events and observations of feeding and play interactions during a videotaped assessment process. The study found that the interactions between mother and infant in those situations which required foster care were clearly more dysfunctional when compared to those in which the baby was discharged home to mother. Babies in the two groups were comparable in weight status at the time of hospitalization although babies in foster placement had slightly lower scores on the Bayley Scales. Maternal histories of pregnancy, labor, and delivery were similar for the two groups as were the birth and neonatal histories of the infants. PMID- 6686479 TI - The school: liberator or censurer? AB - The community is faced with an increasing number of children suffering from social and emotional difficulties. As all children attend school, this is a highly suitable place to examine possible means of identifying and helping children suffering from social and emotional difficulties. For the last 20 years most schools have lagged in their adjustment to the full range of needs of students. They act as a censurer by: domination of academic requirements causing many to fail; failure to meet the expressed needs of children; inadequate teacher training; too little help given to children and often too late; uncoordinated assistance within the school or with community agencies; and by not reducing peer abuse. The school can play a significant role in child development, but for the child with adjustment difficulties coherent assistance is rarely offered. The school can liberate by: recognition of the needs of non-academic children; recognition of the affective needs of all; providing affective training for selected teachers; giving appropriate curriculum time for a programme in personal growth and social relationships; by developing a multidisciplinary community agency which interacts with the school. A model is proposed outlining how effective intervention will break and prevent the cycle of abusive behaviour. This programme proceeds sequentially through each grade. Basically it is one of effective student group interaction in the presence of a specially selected and trained group leader. Such a programme contributes to change in school philosophy, and increases the possibility of the child becoming a more adequate adult/parent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686481 TI - American Indian law on child abuse and neglect. AB - A wide variety of American Indian tribal codes on child abuse and neglect are currently in effect. They range from anachronistic codes that were promulgated about fifty years ago and have never been revised to recently enacted codes that are innovative and incorporate the best practices in the field of protective services. The efforts, now underway, to collect and analyze Indian tribal codes on child abuse and neglect is supportive of the national interest to improve Indian child welfare services. The knowledge gained will be helpful to Indian tribes as they assess their own codes and will provide a new body of information on the laws in the U.S. on child abuse and neglect. In the past few years, increased national support in the United States has been focused on the protection of the best interest of Indian children with specific resources provided for the support of local Indian children and family programs operated by Indian tribal governments. Many Indian tribes are using these resources to develop and revise their child welfare codes, including those elements pertaining to child abuse and neglect. The momentum under way in the United States to improve Indian child welfare services can be expected to continue to include developments in Indian tribal codes on child abuse and neglect. PMID- 6686480 TI - Homicide death rates in childhood in 23 developed countries: U.S. rates atypically high. AB - World Health Organization vital statistics data were used to compare U.S. homicide death rates with those in 23 other developed countries. Using rank ordering and comparison with mean and median rates for the other countries, U.S. homicide rates for the general population were found to be exceptionally high among developed countries. Similarly, U.S. homicide death rates for infants and for 1-4-year-olds were atypically high. The U.S. infant homicide rates were also unusual because of a male predominance. After infancy, high female homicide rates in the U.S. were more unusual than the male rates. The atypically high homicide risk in the U.S. apparently begins in early childhood, affecting particularly male infants and females after infancy. The data and other cited information suggest that features of U.S. society may promote homicide in childhood. The scope and nature of the U.S. childhood homicide problem warrants a focused effort to develop specific preventive approaches. PMID- 6686483 TI - Incest as a developmental failure. PMID- 6686482 TI - Emotional reactions of adult Africans to children with severe kwashiorkor. PMID- 6686484 TI - The work of the Foundation for Children in Thailand. PMID- 6686486 TI - Research strategies and methodologic standards in studies of risk factors for child abuse. PMID- 6686487 TI - The abrupt withdrawal of children from foster care in France. PMID- 6686485 TI - A retrospective analysis of the relationship between decision-making process and child abuse. PMID- 6686488 TI - Effects of chetomin on growth and acidic fermentation products of rumen bacteria. AB - Chetomin, an antibiotic metabolite of Chaetomium spp., was tested in the form of its tetrathiol derivative for its effects on growth and carbohydrate metabolism by five strains of functionally important rumen bacteria. The compound was bacteriostatic for the strains tested and Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to inhibition than Gram-negative bacteria. In an anaerobic broth dilution assay using a medium lacking rumen fluid, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chetomin which completely inhibited growth of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens D1 for 18 h at 39 degrees C was 40 micrograms X mL-1. The MICs determined under the same conditions for Megasphaera elsdenii B159, Selenomonas ruminantium GA192, and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens 24 were 160, 600, and 60 micrograms X mL-1, respectively. The MIC for cellulose hydrolysis by Ruminococcus albus 7 was 20 micrograms X mL-1. Chetomin at concentrations below the MIC appeared to inhibit the separation and division of cells in cultures of B. fibrisolvens D1. Chetomin consistently stimulated acetate production from glucose by B. fibrisolvens D1, M. elsdenii B159, and S. ruminantium GA192 at the expense of compounds which comprised major soluble end products of fermentation in cultures lacking chetomin. PMID- 6686489 TI - Polarity of myofilaments in molluscan smooth muscle. AB - Myofilaments were isolated by gently homogenizing smooth muscle cells isolated from the pedal retractor muscle (PRM) of Mytilus edulis, and observed by electron microscopy. The thick filaments isolated in the presence of ATP (10-20 mM) had projections of myosin heads except near their centre (central bare zone). After extraction of myosin, the paramyosin core of the thick filaments showed a Bear Selby net or a striated pattern with a main periodicity of 14.5 nm. Both the Bear Selby net and the striated patterns had a polarity that reversed at the centre of the filament where the patterns were obscured. The thin filaments were attached to dense bodies. Decoration of the thin filaments with heavy meromyosin showed that they have opposite polarity on opposing sides of the dense body. The results indicate that the thick filaments are bipolar and also that the dense bodies are functionally analogous to the Z-disk of the striated muscle. PMID- 6686491 TI - Organizational forms of actin in 13762 ascites mammary tumor cell microvilli. AB - The organization of microvillus actin and its associated proteins have been investigated in sublines of mammary ascites tumors (MAT) with mobile (MAT-B1) and immobile (MAT-C1) cell surface receptors. Microvilli isolated from these sublines differ in morphology (branched for MAT-C1 versus unbranched for MAT-B1) and the presence of a 58,000-dalton polypeptide (58K). 58K is found associated with MAT C1 microvilli, microvillar cytoskeletons obtained by nonionic detergent extractions, and microvillar membranes prepared under conditions which depolymerize actin microfilaments. By extraction with actin-stabilizing buffers (isotonic Triton-Mg-ATP) microvillar actin can be fractionated into four forms. About 40% of the actin is sedimented at low speed (7,500g, 15 min). The pellets contain microfilaments; actin and alpha-actinin are the predominant proteins. High-speed pellets from these low-speed supernates contain about 10% of the actin as a transmembrane complex with a cell surface glycoprotein (cytoskeleton associated glycoprotein, [CAG] 75-80,000 daltons) in MAT-B1 cells or with CAG and 58K in MAT-C1 cells. Transmembrane complexes can be purified from MAT-B1 and MAT C1 microvillar membranes in Triton-containing buffer by gel filtration or sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The presence of only CAG and actin in the MAT-B1 transmembrane complex strongly suggests the direct interaction of actin and a cell surface component. The high-speed supernates contain soluble actin. By gel filtration or rate-zonal sucrose density gradient centrifugation about 30% of the microvillar actin is found as small oligomers and about 10% as G-actin in this extraction buffer. We suggest that the actin-containing transmembrane complexes may serve as membrane-association sites for oligomeric actin segments and microfilaments and as initiation sites for actin polymerization. PMID- 6686490 TI - Structural connections of the muscle-tendon junction. AB - The muscle-tendon junction of murine skeletal muscles has been analyzed by a variety of extraction techniques, by myosin subfragment-1 binding experiments, and by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. The results indicate that the muscle tendon junction is composed of four distinct domains: an intracellular domain, the internal lamina; a domain connecting the internal lamina with the lamina densa of the external lamina, the connecting domain; the lamina densa; and a domain which attaches the lamina densa to the collagen fibers, the matrix. Each of these domains is distinct with respect to position, three-dimensional organization, and molecular composition, and is therefore considered to have a unique role in the transmission of contractile force. PMID- 6686492 TI - Actin-mediated surface motility during sea urchin fertilization. AB - The sea urchin egg at fertilization is an ideal model in which to study actin mediated surface activity. Electron microscopy of unfertilized eggs demonstrates the presence of thousands of well-arrayed short microvilli, which appear supported by cytochalasin-sensitive actin oligomers as detected with rhodamine labeled phalloidin staining of permeabilized eggs. At insemination, the previously short microvilli elongate and cluster around the successful sperm during incorporation. Phalloidin staining demonstrates a tremendous recruitement of polymerized actin into the site of sperm incorporation, resulting in the formation of the fertilization cone. Fertilization of cytochalasin-treated eggs results in the normal activation of the metabolic and bioelectric events, but sperm incorporation does not occur since the localized actin assembly required for fertilization cone formation is precluded. After sperm incorporation, the entire fertilized surface is restructured, as a result of a massive polymerization of actin to produce a burst in microvillar elongation. Addition of cytochalasin to eggs immediately following sperm incorporation demonstrates the recruitment of actin assembly for the proper progression through the first cell cycle. During normal cell division, the egg surface retains the long microvilli. The furrow which forms at cytokinesis does not appear as a unique new structure, but rather as a reorganization of the cortical microfilaments. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy argues against an increase in microfilaments during early cytokinesis. At the latest stages of cytokinesis, a thickening of the cortical actin is noted, which could possibly be interpreted as a contractile ring. A minor basal level of actin assembly with numerous nucleation sites in unfertilized eggs and a tremendous but localized assembly of microfilaments surrounding the sperm during incorporation, followed by a massive global microfilament assembly event to elongate the fertilized egg microvilli resulting later in the reorganization of these microfilaments to produce the forces necessary for cytokinesis, highlight the utility of the study of sea urchin eggs at fertilization for understanding actin-membrane interactions. PMID- 6686493 TI - Effect of cytochalasin D on smooth muscle contraction. AB - Cylindrical segments of extraparenchymal pulmonary artery (essentially a preparation of smooth muscle with regard to contractile capability) were isolated from adult male rats. They were mounted in an isometric muscle bath in physiological salt solution (PSS) in an environment of 95% O2/5% CO2. After allowing 1 h for equilibration, the maximum force generated by the tissue in response to a depolarizing solution was determined. After relaxation, vessels were incubated for 1 h in one of several concentrations of cytochalasin D (CD) (0.01, 0.05, 0.5, 1, 10 micrograms/ml) and the response to stimulation retested immediately after returning to PSS, and then at 30 minute intervals up to 2 h. CD inhibited the ability of vascular smooth muscle to generate force (contract) in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect was reversible within a short period of time. Quantitative electron microscopic examination of these vessels suggested that CD disrupts the integrity of myofilaments, especially at sites of "dense bodies." Our results indicate that a percentage of actin in smooth muscle cells is not permanently in the filamentous "F" form, but is part of the G:F actin system of the cell, labile to polymerization:depolymerization. The ability of smooth muscle cells to generate force could depend on the proper functioning of the F:G actin "treadmill." PMID- 6686494 TI - Three-dimensional organization of the platelet cytoskeleton during adhesion in vitro: observations on human and nonhuman primate cells. AB - Adhesion of platelets in vitro resulted in rapid polymerization of the amorphous cytoplasmic ground substance into an organized cytoskeletal superstructure. This cytoskeleton, characterized through the use of whole-mount and stereo (3-D), high voltage microscopy in conjunction with morphometrics and cytochemistry, comprised four major size classes of filaments organized in distinctive zones. The central matrix, or granulomere, at the center of the cell mass, was an ill-defined meshwork of 80-100-A filaments which enshrouded granules, dense bodies, and elements of the dense tubular system as identified through peroxidase cytochemistry. Demarcating this central matrix was a trabecular zone containing 30-50, 80-100, and 150-170 A filaments in an open and rigid-appearing lattice. Circumscribing the trabecular zone and extending to the margins of the hyalomere was the third region, the peripheral web, in which 70-A filaments were arranged in a tight honeycomb lattice. This organizational pattern was retained in cytoskeletons prepared by Triton x-100 extraction of the adherent cells, and was observed in basally located cells of aggregates which formed subsequent to adhesion. Our observations are consistent with biochemical studies of cytoskeletons prepared from suspended platelets and suggest a contractile protein composition for the superstructure during adhesion. PMID- 6686495 TI - Effects of abnormal cytoskeletal structure on erythrocyte membrane mechanical properties. AB - Measurements of the mechanical properties of the erythrocyte membrane provide a direct assessment of the proper function of its structural components. To assess the effects of alterations in molecular structure on membrane mechanical properties, measurements have been performed on cells from six individuals whose membranes contain inherited, biochemically characterized structural defects. Because the contribution of the membrane skeleton to the mechanical behavior of the membrane is most evident in shear deformation, mechanical experiments were performed to measure the material constants which characterize the response of the membrane to shear force resultants. The surface elastic shear modulus characterizes the elastic response of the membrane; the yield shear resultant is the maximum shear force resultant which the membrane can support elastically; and the plastic viscosity coefficient characterizes the rate of membrane deformation when the elastic limit has been exceeded. Generally, it was found that when the molecular defect is found to occur in a region of the skeleton which is stress supporting, the maximum elastic strength of the membrane is reduced. However, the magnitude of the reduction can be quite different for membranes having similar or even identical defects. In some cases the differences can be attributed to the removal of the most fragile cells of the population by the spleen, but other results indicate that the biochemical description of the defects may be incomplete. These results emphasize the need for further refinements both in the biochemical characterization of membrane skeleton structure and in the description and measurement of membrane mechanical properties. PMID- 6686496 TI - Binding of HeLa spectrin to a specific HeLa membrane fraction. AB - From 30-40 g of Hela-S3 cells grown in suspension, 0.25-0.50 mg of spectrin has been purified by conventional biochemical procedures starting from a low ionic strength extraction at alkaline pH of crude Hela membranes. Hela spectrin consists in its native form of a tetramer alpha 2 beta 2 of two high molecular weight polypeptides (240,000 and 230,000 daltons). Three different populations of Hela membranes depleted of both spectrin and actin have been prepared on discontinuous sucrose gradients. Surprisingly, spectrin will reassociate with only the heavier membrane fraction. This reassociation is specific for Hela spectrin, since three other purified Hela proteins as well as human erythrocyte spectrin do not reassociate under the same conditions. This binding is not due to the presence of traces of actin still present in the membrane fraction since two Hela actin-binding proteins (filamin I and II) do not show any significant binding to this fraction. The nature of the membrane-binding site for Hela spectrin is discussed. PMID- 6686497 TI - Recent experience with transeptal catheterization. AB - We report our recent experience of 207 consecutive transeptal catheterizations performed in the following groups of patients: aortic valve disease in 152, mitral valve disease in 20, combined aortic and mitral valve disease in 11, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in 11, assessment of prosthetic cardiac valves in nine, and four miscellaneous. Transeptal catheterization failed in 20 patients. There was no attempt to advance the transeptal catheter from the left atrium into the left ventricle in 18 patients, and failure to advance the transeptal catheter from the left atrium into the left ventricle occurred in 13 patients. Transeptal catheterization was achieved in a mean time of 9.7 +/- 4.6 SD min. There were no deaths, two major and four minor complications. We conclude that transeptal catheterization remains a useful technique that in experienced hands is both rapid and safe. PMID- 6686498 TI - Ultrastructural diurnal changes of the retinal photoreceptors in the embryo of a viviparous teleost (Poecilia reticulata P.). AB - All diurnal changes studied - ellipsosome excepted - start at midgestation, following differentiation of photoreceptors and pigment-epithelium cells. These are: (1) shedding of the tips of the light-sensitive photoreceptor outer segments and subsequent phagocytosis by the pigment-epithelium; (2) retinomotor movements of pigment-epithelium processes, rods and cones; (3) changes of cone square mosaics into row-mosaics at night. Newly-differentiated photoreceptors in the embryo are, therefore, already vulnerable to disruption of cyclical systems. Several inherited human retinal diseases, such as Retinitis pigmentosa, are thought not to affect differentiation of photoreceptors but their cyclical renewal pathways. The retina of the guppy-embryo is, therefore, a valuable model for such studies. PMID- 6686499 TI - A 31P- and 2H-NMR study on lecithins in liquid crystalline polyoxyethylene detergents. AB - Phosphatidylcholines were incorporated into hexagonal liquid crystalline mixtures of the non-ionic detergents Triton X-100 and octaethyleneglycoldodecylether with D2O. It is shown by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that the phospholipids adopt the hexagonal liquid crystalline structure of the detergent host lattice. The anisotropic motion of the phospholipid headgroups seems to be unaffected, whereas the acyl chains are disordered. Increasing phospholipid concentration leads to separation of a lamellar phase. The lamellar structure is also preferred at elevated temperatures. Phosphatidylcholines with saturated acyl chains undergo a transition from the hexagonal liquid crystalline to an ordered lamellar state. The shape of the 31P-NMR signals suggests that pure gel phase phospholipid separates out. The headgroup region of this gel phase phospholipid becomes immobilized after a few weeks of storage below the transition temperature as judged from 31P-NMR. At the same time 2H-NMR exhibits a new signal from D2O undergoing slow isotropic motion. This behavior bears resemblance to the formation of a coagel in fatty acid-water systems. PMID- 6686500 TI - Interaction between phospholipids and monovalent cations studied by a new thin layer chromatographic method. AB - The interaction of monovalent cations and membrane phospholipids has a great theoretical and practical importance. Because of the very low differences between the binding forces of monovalent cations to phospholipids, the methods applied up till now did not succeed in completely elucidating this interaction. We developed a new thin-layer chromatographic method to study the interaction of monovalent cations and phospholipids. Silica gel layers were impregnated with a solution of the phospholipid to be investigated (phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylcholine) to produce a multibilayer surface with the polar groups on the outside. 22Na+, 42K+, 86Rb+, 137Cs+ salts were then applied at the origin and chromatographed in a solvent system presaturated with the phospholipid. Our results indicate that phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine bind the monovalent ions with smaller hydrated ion radii more strongly. The binding forces decrease in the order C2+ greater than Rb+ greater than K+ greater than Na+ for both phospholipids. The binding forces are greater for phosphatidylserine than for phosphatidylcholine. The differences between the binding forces of monovalent cations to phosphatidylcholine are greater than to phosphatidylserine indicating that phosphatidylcholine differentiates relatively better between the monovalent cations than phosphatidylserine. PMID- 6686501 TI - [Obstructive myocardiopathy in the elderly patient]. PMID- 6686502 TI - [Peripheral nerve lesions associated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) treatment--study of a case with yolk sac tumor of the pineal body]. PMID- 6686504 TI - Components of human intelligence. PMID- 6686503 TI - [Toxicity of cisplatin administered with hydration of 1-hour duration and forced diuresis]. PMID- 6686506 TI - What's wrong with story grammars. PMID- 6686505 TI - Wernicke's aphasia and normal language processing: a case study in cognitive neuropsychology. PMID- 6686507 TI - Chinese and English counterfactuals: the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis revisited. PMID- 6686508 TI - Components of intelligence or steps in routine procedures? PMID- 6686509 TI - Sensitivity to grammatical structure in agrammatic aphasics: a reply to Linebarger, Schwartz and Saffran. PMID- 6686510 TI - Reply to Cowart. PMID- 6686511 TI - Concepts and stereotypes. PMID- 6686512 TI - Why psycholinguists don't care about DTC: a reply to Berwick and Weinberg. PMID- 6686514 TI - The structure of spoken syllables: evidence from novel word games. PMID- 6686513 TI - Justifying conservation: a reply to McGarrigie and Donaldson. PMID- 6686515 TI - It's frogs all the way down. PMID- 6686516 TI - Digit memory of grand experts in abacus-derived mental calculation. PMID- 6686518 TI - Structural correlates of cellular tumorigenicity and anchorage independence in transformed fibroblasts. AB - The ability on nonhematopoietic cells to proliferate in vitro without attachment to a solid surface (anchorage independence) is known to be highly correlated with their ability to form tumors in nude mice. Transformed cells in vitro frequently also show less organization of the intracellular actin-containing microfilament bundles and less cell-surface fibronectin compared to normal cells. We have examined whether the loss of the anchorage requirement for growth is related to either of these structural changes in the cellular cytoskeleton. Our approach was to select a series of subclones from a nontransformed Syrian hamster fibroblast line, NIL8, for the acquisition of either anchorage independence in vitro or tumorigenicity in nude mice. These subclones were then examined for concomitant changes in the cytoskeletal structures. We found that anchorage independence, decreased actin cable organization, and tumorigenicity in nude mice were coordinately induced in both the in vitro- and in vivo-selected subclones, whereas the loss of fibronectin was not consistently coinduced with these three markers. These results suggest that the transformation-associated decrease in actin cable organization in this type of cell enhances the ability to grow without anchorage in vitro and to form tumors in vivo. PMID- 6686517 TI - Relationships between cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations in the serum of humans, calves, rabbits and chickens. AB - In humans, calves and rabbits very strong correlations were found between the concentrations of serum total cholesterol and phospholipids; in these species more than 70% of the variance in the level of serum phospholipids is accounted for by the variance in the serum cholesterol concentration. The regression coefficients in the equations relating the concentration of serum cholesterol to that of phospholipids were almost identical in humans and rabbits, but differed from those observed in calves and chickens. It is suggested that the rabbit is a suitable model animal for studying the relation between cholesterol and phospholipids in human serum. PMID- 6686519 TI - [Effect of verapamil on left ventricular function and exercise tolerance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathic patients]. PMID- 6686520 TI - Extrahypothalamic control of daily surges of prolactin secretion in pseudopregnant rat. AB - The role of the limbic forebrain structures in controlling twice daily surges of prolactin (PRL) induced by cervical stimulation was investigated after acute or chronic deafferentation of the limbic forebrain afferents to the hypothalamus in rats. The preoptic area-roof section (POA-RS), which interrupted the rostral limbic afferents at the dorsal level of the anterior commissure, induced pseudopregnancy (PSP) and initiated the same nocturnal PRL surges as those initiated by the cervical stimulation. Diurnal PRL surges, however, did not occur following this procedure. The nocturnal PRL surge by POA-RS also occurred in ovariectomized rats. Deafferentation between the diagonal band of Broca and the medial preoptic area (F2-cut) initiated PSP in 37 % of the rats and induced an apparent but small nocturnal PRL surge. The rats with POA-RS or F2-cut showed restoration of their regular estrous cyclicities. Cervical stimulation after POA RS did not affect the initiation of nocturnal PRL surge induced by POA-RS alone. POA-RS after cervical stimulation also did not affect the initiation of nocturnal PRL surge induced by cervical stimulation, though a diurnal PRL surge was initiated in these rats. The cut made just before the diagonal band of Broca after cervical stimulation did not inhibit the occurrence of either surge. Nocturnal and diurnal PRL surges were manifested after cervical stimulation in the rats with chronic POA-RS or F2-cut and their vaginal cyclicities were resumed. These results suggest that the limbic forebrain structures are not indispensable for the initiation of nocturnal PRL surges induced by cervical stimulation but may modify the hypothalamic mechanism(s) initiating a nocturnal PRL surge through the rostral part of the hypothalamus. PMID- 6686522 TI - Changes in concentration of hypothalamic cytosolic progestin receptors at the initiation of pseudopregnancy in rats. AB - Pseudopregnancy (psp) can be induced by a single injection of progesterone in cyclic rats and the administration of anti-progesterone serum can block the establishment of psp in cervically stimulated rats. To further investigate neuroendocrine mechanisms for the initiation of either psp or prolactin (PRL) surges in connection with the neurotropic action of progesterone, cytosolic progestin receptors (PRc) were identified and measured in preoptic (POA) and basal hypothalamic (BH) areas. Chronological determinations of PRc concentrations in both areas revealed large fluctuations in the morning of the estrous day but not in the morning of the diestrous day. The differences between the maximal and the minimal PRc concentrations observed were more than 100-fold in POA and 3-fold in BH. Cervical stimulation applied in the afternoon of the proestrous day significantly altered the changing pattern of PRc concentrations in POA but not in BH. One of the two peaks of PRc concentrations in POA was magnified and advanced earlier to 0300 h, and then the 1st PRL surge peaking at 0700 h occurred. This PRL release seemed to stimulate progesterone secretion and an elevation of peripheral progesterone levels coincided with the 2nd peak of PRc concentrations in POA at 0900 h. This coincidence may be a prerequisite for the further continuation of PRL surges. These results strongly suggest that the spontaneous oscillation of the PRc concentration in hypothalamic neurons is involved in the regulation of PRL secretion and that cervical stimulation shifts the phase and changes the amplitude. PMID- 6686521 TI - The relationship between sleep circadian rhythm and central feedback mechanism of gonadal steroid in female guinea pigs. AB - To examine the relationship between the sleep rhythm and the gonadal feedback system in the guinea pig, the effects of estrous cycle, gonadal steroids and brain deafferentiations on the sleep rhythm were studied and the following results were obtained; 1) the guinea pigs did not show an apparent circadian rhythmicity in the sleep-wakefulness cycle but showed an ultradian rhythm, whereas, the activity rhythm was circadian, 2) the rhythm in paradoxical sleep(PS) showed changes associated with the estrous cycle which were characterized by a decrease and rebound-like increase in PS amounts on the day of proestrus, 3) the horizontal deafferentation above the medial preoptic area at the level of the anterior commissure (MPO roof cut) did not disrupt the estrous cycle dependent changes in the PS rhythm, but the prechiasmatic deafferentiation of the medial basal hypothalamus (PCD) and the large complete deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus (CDL) disrupted them, 4) ovariectomy (OVX) did not result in any changes in sleep and activity rhythms, 5) an administration of estradiol benzoate (E2) to OVX guinea pig caused a decrease in the amount of PS and an administration of progesterone (P) 48h after E2 caused a more pronounced decrease and rebound-like increase in the amount of PS, 6) the MPO roof cut did not affect the steroidal modification of the PS rhythm and the PCD disrupted it, while the CDL-animal also showed a E2-induced PS decrease. From these results, it appears that the guinea pig may be a circadian animal, but this may not be seen in the sleep-wakefulness cycle, and the estrous cycle dependent changes in the PS rhythm may be the reflection of steroidal modification of the sleep rhythm and the site of action may be the inside of the medial preoptic anterior hypothalamic structures, but this area may also be affected by the output from the medial basal hypothalamus. PMID- 6686523 TI - 'Pseudo' systolic anterior motion in patients with hypertensive heart disease. AB - The systolic motion of the mitral apparatus in patients with hypertensive heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was studied in order to quantify the difference. Twelve out of 37 patients with severe systemic hypertension were found to have abnormal systolic anterior motion and had significantly small left ventricular end-systolic dimension (P less than 0.05) and greater ejection fraction and mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening (P less than 0.01 for each) than the other hypertensive patients without abnormal systolic anterior motion. A comparison between systolic anterior motion in 12 hypertensive patients and mild or moderate systolic anterior motion in 28 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy showed a clear cut difference. 'Pseudo' systole anterior motion reached its peak at end-systole when the posterior wall had contracted fully. 'True' systolic anterior motion, however, reached its peak much earlier than maximum movement of the posterior wall--approximately after two-thirds of systole had been completed. At the time of mitral valve opening, 'pseudo' systolic anterior motion had not yet returned to this initial level, whereas 'true' systolic anterior motion returned prior to the opening of the mitral valve. Anterior chordal motion in hyperdynamic ventricle appears to play a role in the production of 'pseudo' systolic anterior motion. PMID- 6686524 TI - Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A cross-sectional echocardiographic study. AB - Different cross-sectional echocardiographic patterns of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) have been observed in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. chordae tendineae and/or the free edge of the mitral valve were seen to be involved in some: SAM(c). The body of the mitral valve encroached upon the left ventricular outflow tract in this movement in a second group: SAM(v). Other patients did not show SAM. A study of 27 patients was performed to investigate the relationship of these patterns of SAM to the subaortic gradient as well as the prevalence and degree of mitral regurgitation. The absence of SAM correlated with no obstruction and 29% prevalence of mitral regurgitation. In SAM(c), the mean gradient was 10 +/- 10 mmHg. (0-35 mmHg), and mitral regurgitation involved 36% of the patients. In SAM(v) the mean gradient found was 81 +/- 37 mmHg (20-150), and 67% had mitral regurgitation. In situations where mitral regurgitation was most prevalent its degree was greatest. IN CONCLUSION: (1) chordal or leaflet participation in SAM is relevant to the presence and degree of obstruction; (2) leaflet involvement usually implies severe obstruction; (3) distortion of the mitral valve apparatus may contribute to the genesis of mitral regurgitation. PMID- 6686525 TI - Anatomic and light microscopic characterisation of hypertrophic obstructive and non-obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - Macroscopically asymmetric hypertrophy of the interventricular septum is the characteristic change, though mild degrees can be seen in normal hearts and in combination with congenital or acquired heart disease. If asymmetric hypertrophy is severe, this alone characterises the condition. Concentric forms have, however, been described. At light microscopic level disarray and often extreme hypertrophy of myocardial fibres together with degenerative changes and interstitial fibrosis are typical. Overlap of individual features with 'ordinary' hypertrophy exists but if all criteria are considered in combination a high degree of diagnostic reliability can be achieved, frequently aided by severe accumulation of glycogen. In support semiquantitative studies will also be presented. The patterns of abnormal fibre arrangement differ in the two clinical types. In cases with obstruction the abnormal fibres are predominantly confined to the interventricular septum, whereas in cases without obstruction they are scattered focally throughout the ventricular walls. Unfortunately, these disturbances are not always present. Subdivisions based on histological changes by other workers will be mentioned. Brief reference will be made to experimental work that has shown that a possible endogenous mechanism may be operative in some of the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It is concluded that the morphology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is sufficiently characteristic to separate it as a distinct entity and to ensure reliable diagnosis. PMID- 6686526 TI - Electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and ventriculographic characterization of hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - HNCM tends to have more diffuse or generalized hypertrophy than HOCM, although these two types are not fundamentally different in aetiology (genetic). Extreme ASH is primarily related to a hereditary factor while HNCM, including apical hypertrophy, seems to be based on an abnormal disposition to produce myocardial hypertrophy in response to endogenous or exogenous stimulation such as catecholamines, chronic anoxia, hypertension or even aging. Hypertension by itself, however, can not be a cause of apical hypertrophy. The configuration of left ventricular hypertrophy in HCM can be divided roughly into several patterns: ASH, apical, postero-inferior, generalized or diffuse types, etc. ASH is not an essential morphology for HNCM. Apical hypertrophy is the only specific hypertrophic pattern which shows characteristic ECG abnormalities (giant negative T waves and high QRS voltage in left precordial leads). Inverted T waves combined with high QRS voltage tends to be a reflection of a localized hypertrophic portion in the left ventricular free wall. Abnormal Q waves associated with left axis deviation usually suggest marked septal hypertrophy. They seem to be related to conduction disturbances in myopathic septum. PMID- 6686527 TI - Hypertrophic obstructive and non-obstructive cardiomyopathy in Japan. Diagnosis of the disease with special reference to endomyocardial catheter biopsy. AB - There were 84 confirmed cases of congestive (or dilated) cardiomyopathy (CCM or DCM), 57 of hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM) and 52 of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) collected from 15 cardiology divisions of university or national hospitals in Japan. Out of the 193 patients with cardiomyopathy, 145 (75%) were male and 48 (25%) female (M/F ratio = 3:1). The mean age of the patients was 34.1 years. Patients with HNCM or HOCM were usually asymptomatic, but palpitation was the most common symptom, followed in frequency by chest oppression, dyspnoea, chest pain, arrhythmia and syncope in HNCM, and by dyspnoea, chest oppression, chest pain, dizziness and syncope in HOCM. ST-T abnormalities were most frequently observed, 90.3% in HNCM and 86.3% in HOCM. Left ventricular hypertrophy was observed in 76.4% of HNCM and in 79.1% of HOCM. Abnormal Q waves were observed equally in HNCM (32.4%) and in HOCM (35.3%). A fourth sound was more common (69.2% in HNCM; 75.8% in HOCM) than a third sound (39.7% in HNCM; 36.5 in HOCM). The heart size on conventional radiography was within normal limits or slightly enlarged; the mean cardiothoracic ratio was 0.52 in HNCM and 0.54 in HOCM. A cumulative survival rate in 149 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy demonstrated that the 10 year survival rate after the time when the diagnosis was made was 34.2% for CCM, 81.7% for HNCM and 84.4% for HOCM. Autopsy studies in 11 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy revealed that marked fibre disarray of the heart could be detected by the endomyocardial biopsy of the right ventricular septum in 40% at most of the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686529 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a common cause of sudden death in the young competitive athlete. AB - The causes of sudden, unexpected death in highly-conditioned competitive athletes are summarized. In the vast majority of young athletes (less than 35 years of age) sudden death is due to underlying structural cardiovascular disease. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy appears to be the most common cause of such deaths and may account for about one-half of the sudden deaths in a youthful athletic population. Cardiovascular abnormalities that appear to be less frequent important causes of sudden death include anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the anterior sinus of Valsalva, ruptured aorta (due to cystic medial necrosis), idiopathic concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and coronary artery atherosclerosis. Other diseases which are probably particularly uncommon causes of sudden death in the young athlete include mitral valve prolapse, aortic valvular stenosis, acute myocarditis, QT interval prolongation syndromes, hypoplasia of the coronary arteries or sarcoidosis. Cardiovascular disease in young athletes is usually unsuspected during life. In only about 25% of those competitive athletes who die suddenly is underlying disease identified prior to participation and rarely is the correct clinical diagnosis made. In contrast, when sudden death occurs in older competitive or recreational athletes (over 35 years of age) it is usually due to coronary artery disease. PMID- 6686528 TI - Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: clinical and metabolic studies. AB - Among the hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathies, a particular group of patients with concentric apical hypertrophy can be described. We studied seven patients (five men and two women) who underwent heart catheterization because they had giant negative T waves in the precordial leads. M-mode and two dimensional echocardiograms revealed no obstruction within the outflow tract of the ventricle. Coronary angiography was normal in all cases. None of these patients demonstrated any significant peak systolic pressure gradient in the outflow tract. A characteristic spade-like configuration (concentric apical hypertrophy) was observed in the right anterior oblique ventriculogram at end diastole. The apical thickness reached 17.2 +/- 0.85 mm and was significantly greater than mid-anterior wall thickness (9.8 +/- 2.14 mm). In five cases, atrial pacing with coronary arterial and venous lactate sampling revealed abnormalities in myocardial metabolism. With a mean follow up of 43 months, three patients remain asymptomatic and one had heart failure. ECG abnormalities were unchanged and echocardiograms showed an increase of the septal and posterior wall thickness, suggesting a transformation in concentric diffuse hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6686531 TI - Long-term medical management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: usefulness of propranolol. AB - Chronic therapy with propranolol has been shown to reduce the incidence of sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the long-term effect of beta blockade on exercise capacity has not been studied adequately. Therefore, 32 patients with HCM (21 men), mean age of 47 years (range = 14 to 80 years), were evaluated for dyspnea and chest pain and underwent stress testing (ST) prior to therapy. At entry, ST was contraindicated in four patients, because of heart failure (three patients) and sustained supraventricular tachycardia (one patient). The remaining patients completed 4.9 +/- 3.2 min (mean +/- S.D.) of the Bruce protocol with a functional aerobic capacity (FAC) of 51 +/- 28%. All were placed on propranolol, unless a beta blocker with other characteristics was indicated. Dosage was adjusted to achieve a standing heart rate of 60 beats/min unless adverse effects occurred. At last follow-up, 25 patients were receiving 501 +/- 147 mg propranolol/day while the remainder received nadolol or metoprolol. On the most recent ST, patients exercised 6.6 +/- 3.1 min (38% increase), while mean FAC increased by 24% (both P less than 0.05). The FAC improved by more than 15% in 21, by less than 15% in five, was unchanged in five and was worse in only one, a noncompliant patient. The 21 patients with an FAC increment much greater than 15% exercised longer at entry than the remaining 11 (6.6 +/- 3.3 vs 3.9 +/- 2.8 minutes, P less than 0.05). The mean peak ST blood pressure-heart rate product of the group decreased from 26 550 to 17 898 (P less than 0.05), while the symptom scores of dyspnea and chest pain declined from 2.2 +/- 0.8 to 0.8 +/- 0.7 and from 1.4 +/- 1.0 to 0.3 +/- 0.8, respectively (both P less than 0.001). We conclude that beta blockade produces sustained improvement in exercise capacity. Improvement was greatest in those with the least initial impairment, and appears to be related to a reduction in blood pressure-heart rate product. PMID- 6686532 TI - Long-term treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy--usefulness of verapamil. PMID- 6686533 TI - Symptomatic status and prognosis of patients after operation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: efficacy of ventricular septal myotomy and myectomy. AB - Since 1960, at the National Institutes of Health, ventricular septal myotomy and myectomy has been the mode of treatment for severely symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and obstruction to left ventricular outflow who do not respond to medical therapy. Our long-term results of operation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are reviewed in 240 patients operated upon prior to 1980. Postoperatively, most patients had improved symptomatically (i.e. 70%) and manifested marked reduction or abolition of the basal left ventricular outflow gradient (i.e. 98%). However, 8% of the patients died of causes related to operation, 9% had persistent or recurrent severe functional limitation, and 7% died up to 19 years postoperatively due to the underlying cardiomyopathy. Of 17 late postoperative deaths, eight were sudden and nine were due to chronic heart failure. In particular, postoperative atrial fibrillation was a significant contributing factor to poor clinical outcome. Hence, while ventricular septal myotomy-myectomy is not always a curative procedure for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the vast majority of patients who survive operation experience long-lasting clinical improvement. PMID- 6686530 TI - Clinical course and prognosis of patients with typical and atypical hypertrophic obstructive and with hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - In a total of 339 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathies (typical HOCM, n = 224; atypical HOCM, n = 30; HNCM, n = 80) the clinical course, the Sokolow-Lyon index in the ECG and the prognosis as demonstrated by cumulative survival rates were analysed to get more differentiated information for the characterization of these myocardial disorders. No change in the type of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was found, indicating different clinical entities. No increase of the Sokolow Lyon index was observed during follow-up. Only a small proportion of patients seemed to benefit from treatment with propranolol. Surgical treatment appears to be the therapy of choice, at least in the advanced stage of the disease refractory to medical treatment. In addition, strong evidence was obtained that surgical treatment improved the prognosis in patients with typical HOCM. PMID- 6686535 TI - Surgical treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathies. PMID- 6686534 TI - Surgical treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with special reference to complications and to atypical hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - The Dusseldorf surgical series of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) (1963-82) comprises 137 patients, of whom 123 had typical HOCM and 14 atypical midventricular stenosis. Indications for surgery were unsatisfactory response to drug therapy and clinical symptoms according to at least functional class III (NYHA). The predominant approach for the relief of both types of HOCM was transaortic (112 cases; two deaths = 1.8%). The hospital mortality of the total series was 6.6% (nine of 137 patients). The most severe problems were caused by additional acquired mitral valve lesions. There is no special risk for patients with atypical midventricular HOCM. The systolic gradient between left ventricle and aorta could be removed or diminished in all cases. PMID- 6686536 TI - Exercise performance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. AB - Based on bicycle ergometer tests in 50 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and 19 patients with hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM) if clinical (NYHA) class I to IV, the profile of several haemodynamic parameters (heart rate, stroke volume index, cardiac index, pulmonary artery pressure) during exercise was evaluated. The following pattern was found: (1) with increasing degree of clinical symptoms, the mean values of stroke volume decrease and the mean values of pulmonary artery pressure increase; (2) stroke volume does not show the normal increase during exercise in a considerable number of patients (48% of HOCM, 26% of HNCM patients); (3) failing increase in stroke volume is in part compensated by increase in heart rate; (4) pathological increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure correlates with severity of clinical symptoms, but even a considerable number of clinically asymptomatic patients exhibit extremely pathological pressure increase; (5) there is no fundamental difference of the behaviour of the measured haemodynamic parameters between HOCM and HNCM; (6) there is marked overlapping of exercise-induced haemodynamic changes between patients of different NYHA classes of clinical impairment. Therefore, measurements of exercise haemodynamics are necessary to define clearly the degree of functional impairment in the individual patient. Based on identically performed exercise tests in 53 patients with HOCM, the clinical and haemodynamic effects of medical therapy with propranolol (n = 12) or verapamil (n = 25) and of surgical treatment (n = 21) were compared. Maximal exercise capacity was on an average not changed after propranolol but increased after verapamil and, most significantly, after surgery. This could be attributed to corresponding haemodynamic changes, especially concerning cardiac output and pulmonary artery pressure. As a whole, verapamil was clinically and haemodynamically superior to propranolol, but not as effective as surgical treatment. PMID- 6686537 TI - Medical and surgical treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6686538 TI - Surgical treatment versus medical treatment in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - Sixty-three patients operated upon for HOCM and 49 patients selected for non surgical treatment have been followed-up for 15 years. Pre-operatively, surgical patients had a higher left ventricular outflow tract gradient at rest and, on the average, more severe symptoms than non-surgical patients. Septal myectomy relieved the pressure gradient and symptoms more consistently than long-term treatment with beta-blockers or verapamil. Within an average observation time of 7 1/2 years, there was late deterioration or death in almost half of the non surgical patients but in less than one-quarter in the operated patients. The 10 year mortality rate was 80% in the surgical series and 71% in the non-surgical series. In operated patients, pre-operative symptomatic status was significantly related to early and late mortality. In medically treated patients, mortality was unrelated to symptoms; however, it was significantly lower in patients receiving long term treatment with beta-blockers or verapamil. In conclusion, a high basal pressure gradient associated to limiting symptoms is a clear-cut indication for surgery. Other indications are more debatable. In medically treated patients, long-term administration of beta-blockers or verapamil is beneficial even without symptoms as it appears to improve prognosis. PMID- 6686539 TI - Arrhythmia and prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - The natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by a slow progression of symptoms and by sudden death. Ventricular tachycardia is detected during electrocardiographic monitoring in 20 to 30% of patients; this arrhythmia is a sensitive but non-specific marker of those patients who are at particular risk of sudden death. Other specific prognostic features (e.g. anatomic and haemodynamic) to which preventive therapy could be directed remain to be identified. Episodes of supraventricular tachycardia or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation occur in 40-50% of patients and may cause troublesome symptoms. Propranolol, verapamil and conventional antiarrhythmic agents do not suppress serious ventricular arrhythmias or significantly reduce the incidence of paroxysmal supraventricular arrhythmias. The benzfuran derivative amioradone was used in 24 patients with refractory arrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardia was controlled in 18 of 19, paroxysmal supraventricular arrhythmias were abolished and sinus rhythm was restored in four of eight patients with long-standing atrial fibrillation. These results were maintained for at least 1 year. Longer observation is required to determine if control of arrhythmia with amiodarone will improve prognosis. PMID- 6686543 TI - The assessment of left ventricular function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by echocardiography. PMID- 6686542 TI - Arrhythmias in hypertrophic obstructive and non-obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - The surgical therapy of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) has been shown to improve symptoms and the haemodynamic status. The prognosis after transaortic subvalvular myectomy seems to be relatively better compared to those patients with HOCM who undergo medical therapy. Complex ventricular arrhythmias have been shown to influence prognosis. Therefore, a study was undertaken to analyse the influence of surgery on ventricular arrhythmias in patients with HOCM. Thirty-one patients (23 male, eight female), mean age 44 +/- 13.6 years (range 13 to 72 years) underwent 48 h ambulatory monitoring pre- and postoperatively. Additionally 15 patients with hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM) were studied. Mean age was 49 +/- 11.5 years (range 28 to 69 years). Complex ventricular arrhythmias were defined as pairs (two consecutive QRS complexes) or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) (much greater than 3 QRS). Results in the operative group (HOCM) were as follows: The overall frequency of ventricular extrasystoles was low. There was no difference in the mean hourly ventricular extrasystole counts pre-operatively as compared to postoperatively. Thirteen patients had no pairs or VT pre- and postoperatively. Six patients had VT or pairs pre- and postoperatively. In five patients complex arrhythmias were detected only before surgery, whereas in another seven patients VT was first documented after operation. Overall, 11 patients had complex ventricular arrhythmias pre-operatively (pairs n = 3; VT n = 8, 3 to 8 QRS, rate 142 +/- 15 beats/min). Thirteen patients had complex ventricular arrhythmias after operation (pairs n = 4; VT n = 9, 4 to 10 QRS, rate 150 +/- 40 beats/min). Results in patients with HNCM were as follows: The overall frequency of ventricular extrasystoles was low, only three patients had a mean extrasystole count of more than 20 beats/h. Five patients had pairs and three patients ventricular tachycardia (5 QRS, rate 110 to 160 beats/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686541 TI - Rhythm disturbances in hypertrophic cardiomyopathies: relationship to symptoms and the effect of 'complete' beta blockade. AB - Potentially lethal arrhythmias (PLA) are common in hypertrophic cardiomyopathies and are implicated in sudden death. We have demonstrated that propranolol is effective in controlling symptoms, but have not previously evaluated its effect on PLA. Our protocol for long-term management has been applied to 50 patients followed for 2 to 14 years (mean 5.9 years). No patient was excluded because of disease severity or complications. The only reason for exclusion was non compliance with the protocol. At entry, Holter monitoring revealed 16 PLA in 13 patients (sustained supraventricular tachycardia (SSVT) in two, sinus node dysfunction (SSS) in three, paired beats (PB) in five, and ventricular tachycardia (VT) in six). All patients were initially begun on propranolol, unless a different beta blocker was indicated. Dosage was adjusted to a standing heart rate of 60 beats/min unless adverse drug effects developed. Holter monitoring during follow-up identified 24 new PLA in 21 patients (SSVT = 1, SSS = 4, His-Purkinje disease = 3, VT = 10, and PB = 6). The total number of identified PLA is now 40 in 30 patients. Concurrent symptoms of syncope, presyncope and palpitations were of limited value in identifying PLA because of a lack of predictive accuracy (76%, 64% and 29%, respectively). Invasive electrophysiologic study or dosage adjustment proved that beta blockade was not responsible for the conduction system disorders observed in 10 patients requiring pacemaker insertion. beta-Blockade completely suppressed VT in two patients, PB in five, and SSVT in two.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686540 TI - The effects of intraventricular gradients on left ventricular ejection dynamics. AB - The generation of abnormal gradients between the apical cavity and the subaortic valvular region of the left ventricle in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has traditionally been equated to a dynamic obstruction to left ventricular outflow. To examine this concept in more detail, left ventricular ejection dynamics were studied during cardiac catheterization in 30 patients with HCM and 29 patients with no evidence of cardiovascular disease. Using multisensor catheterization techniques, ascending aortic flow velocity and micromanometer left ventricular and aortic pressures were simultaneously recorded during rest (n = 47). Dynamic left ventricular emptying was also analyzed with frame-by-frame angiography (n = 46). The temporal distribution of left ventricular outflow was independently derived from both flow velocity and angiographic techniques. The HCM patients were subdivided into three groups: I, intraventricular gradients at rest (n = 9); II, intraventricular gradients only with provocation (n = 12); III, no intraventricular gradients despite provocation (n = 9). Expressed as a precentage of the available systolic ejection period (%SEP), the time required for ejection of the total stroke volume was (mean +/- 1 S.D.): Group I, 69 +/- 17% (flow), 64 +/- 6% (angio); Group II, 63 +/- 14% (flow), 65 +/- 6% (angio); Group III, 61 +/- 16% (flow), 62 +/- 4% (angio); control group, 90 +/- 5% (flow) 86 +/- 10% (angio). No significant difference was observed between any of the three HCM subgroups, but, compared with the control group, ejection was completed much earlier in systole independent of the presence or absence of intraventricular gradients. The presence of coexisting mitral regurgitation in 12 of the HCM patients did not alter these results. This study demonstrates that 'outflow obstruction', as traditionally defined by the presence of an abnormal intraventricular pressure gradient and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, does not impede left ventricular outflow in HCM. In a pure fluid dynamic sense, we believe that outflow obstruction does not exist in this disease entity. PMID- 6686545 TI - The acute and chronic effects of verapamil on left ventricular function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Verapamil therapy improves exercise tolerance and decreases symptoms in many patients with both obstructive and nonobstructive forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These salutory clinical effects result from favorable modification by verapamil of the pathophysiologic abnormalities in left ventricular function characteristic of this disease: impaired early diastolic relaxation and filling, reduced end-diastolic volume and stroke volume, hypercontractile systolic function, and, in many patients, subvalvular outflow tract obstruction. The acute administration of intravenous verapamil produces both significant negative inotropic effects and significant effects on left ventricular diastolic function, resulting in reduced contractile state, diminished outflow gradient, increased end-diastolic volume and stroke volume and improved relaxation and diastolic filling. In some patients, one effect may predominate over the other, and improved diastolic function may be masked by the profound changes in systolic function. During short-term oral therapy, enhanced diastolic function is the predominant effect, although negative inotropic mechanisms are evident in some patients. These effects on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function persist during chronic oral verapamil therapy, contributing to the long-term clinical improvement experienced by many patients. PMID- 6686544 TI - Diastolic function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: effects of propranolol and verapamil on diastolic stiffness. AB - In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), impaired left ventricular (LV) relaxation and diastolic filling have been reported. Therefore, we determined LV diastolic stiffness in nine patients with HCM before and 10 to 15 min after 0.15 mg/kg propranolol i.v. (group 1) and in six patients with HCM before and 10 to 15 min after 0.1 mg/kg verapamil i.v. (group 2). Simultaneous LV cineangiography and high-fidelity pressure measurements were performed in group 1 and simultaneous M-mode echocardiography and high-fidelity pressure measurements in group 2. Passive LV chamber stiffness was determined in group 1 from the diastolic pressure-volume data using an exponential three-parameter model: P = ae beta V + C, where P = pressure, alpha = intercept, beta = constant of chamber stiffness, V = volume and C = baseline pressure. Passive LV myocardial stiffness was estimated in group 2 from the diastolic stress-strain data using a viscoelastic model: sigma = alpha' (e beta' epsilon -1) + eta epsilon, where sigma = meridional wall stress, alpha = intercept, beta' = constant of myocardial stiffness, epsilon = midwall strain, eta = constant of myocardial viscosity and epsilon = strain rate. LV relaxation was assessed from the time constant of LV pressure decay (T) by plotting LV pressure versus negative dP/dt. LV diastolic filling was evaluated from peak and mean LV filling rate in group 1 and from peak and mean midwall lengthening rate in group 2. LV chamber and myocardial stiffness, respectively, remained unchanged before and after administration of propranolol (beta = 0.054 and 0.047) and verapamil (beta' = 14.8 and 12.6); however, the time constant of LV pressure decay T increased significantly in group 1 from 45 to 66 ms (P less than 0.05) and decreased significantly in group 2 from 53 to 43 ms (P less than 0.05). Parallel to the changes in LV isovolumic relaxation, mean LV diastolic filling rate decreased significantly in group 1 from 257 to 196 ml m-2 s-1 (P less than 0.025) and mean LV midwall lengthening rate increased significantly in group 2 from 2.37 to 4.31 cm/sec (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that LV diastolic stiffness remains unchanged in patients with HCM after propranolol and verapamil. LV relaxation and mean diastolic filling, however, are impaired in patients with HCM following propranolol but are improved after verapamil. Thus, the beneficial effect of verapamil on diastolic mechanics is related to improved relaxation and diastolic filling rather than to changes in LV diastolic stiffness. PMID- 6686547 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with obstructive or nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, wide-angle two-dimensional echocardiography is capable of detecting diverse patterns of myocardial hypertrophy that are often more extensive than may be appreciated by M-Mode echocardiography alone. In the vast majority of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy the distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy is 'asymmetric'. Left ventricular wall thickening commonly involves substantial portions of the ventricular septum and free wall but rarely extends into the posterior segment of free wall (through which the M-mode beam passes). Four basic patterns of distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy may be identified by two-dimensional echocardiography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Most frequently (52% of patients) hypertrophy involves both the ventricular septum and anterolateral free wall (Type III). In other patients, hypertrophy is confined to the anterior portion of ventricular septum (Type I), involves the entire septum but not the free wall (Type II), or is limited to regions of the left ventricular wall other than the basal anterior ventricular septum (Type IV)--i.e. posterior segment of septum, anterolateral free wall, or septum in its apical one-half (apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). In patients with morphologic Type IV, the sites of left ventricular hypertrophy are inaccessible to the path of the conventional M-mode beam and the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can only be established with two-dimensional echocardiography. Patients with the most marked and widespread hypertrophy involving the septum and free wall (Type III) more frequently demonstrated moderate to severe functional limitation, the pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram, and subaortic obstruction at rest produced by systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in the presence of a small left ventricular outflow tract. PMID- 6686548 TI - Specificity of light and electron microscopic features of hypertrophic obstructive and nonobstructive cardiomyopathy. Qualitative, quantitative and etiologic aspects. AB - A review is presented of the histologic and ultrastructural abnormalities found in the hearts of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Evidence is presented to show that myocardial fiber disarray is found in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as well as in other conditions; however, in the latter it seldom involves more than 5% of the myocytes in transverse sections of ventricular septum. A new theory of morphogenesis is proposed to account for the asymmetric cardiac hypertrophy that characterizes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This theory is summarized as follows: (1) hypercontractility is the underlying abnormality affecting cardiac myocytes; (2) this hypercontractility is present during embryonic development and constitutes the stimulus to the inappropriate increase in cardiac mass that takes place in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; (3) during embryonic development this stimulus results in increased mitotic division (i.e. hyperplasia) rather than in increased size of individual myocytes (i.e. hypertrophy); (4) hyperplasia is preferentially increased in the ventricular septum (perhaps because of the mechanical forces exerted by left and right ventricular contraction on the ventricular septum), thus exaggerating the asymmetric growth that occurs normally in this area during prenatal development; (5) after birth, the septal asymmetry does not regress in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, as it does in normal individuals, because it is complicated by hyperplasia (i.e. increased numbers of myocytes are already present in the ventricular septum); (6) the prenatal phase of hyperplasia is followed by a postnatal phase of gradual, progressive hypertrophy in which myocytes enlarge, septal hypertrophy becomes exaggerated, and clinical symptoms eventually develop. PMID- 6686546 TI - Extent of hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: two-dimensional echocardiographic and angiographic correlation. PMID- 6686549 TI - Differential diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathies: typical (subaortic) hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, atypical (mid-ventricular) hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - Previous clinical studies in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathies predominantly comprised patients with typical subaortic HOCM and in many other studies patients with 'hypertrophic' cardiomyopathies were investigated; i.e. no distinction was made between patients with the typical obstructive, the atypical obstructive and the non-obstructive forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In addition, in the more differentiated studies, the differential diagnosis between HOCM and HNCM was based mainly on the presence and absence of the subaortic pressure gradient. This is also true for the clinical characterization of both types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Finally, diagnostic descriptions of atypical (mid-ventricular) HOCM exist only in the form of case reports, i.e. they are not based on observations in a large number of patients. Therefore a comparative study in 353 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathies was designed to characterize the clinical picture of patients with HNCM and with atypical HOCM in relation to typical HOCM with special reference to the differential diagnosis. The study revealed a profoundly different diagnostic profile of the three subsets of hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. The distinction between the three subsets may serve as a more differentiated basis for clinical studies related to diagnosis, therapeutic approaches, long-term follow-up observations and prognostic evaluation of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. PMID- 6686550 TI - Prevalence and significance of asymmetric septal hypertrophy in hypertension: an echocardiographic and clinical study. AB - To assess the prevalence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) in hypertensive patients, 613 echocardiographic examinations performed over a period of one year were reviewed. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (defined by an echocardiographic interventricular septum to left ventricular free wall thickness ratio of greater than or equal to 1.3 and by the presence of suggestive two-dimensional echocardiographic abnormalities) was found in 28 patients (5%). Clinical characteristics of asymmetric septal hypertrophy were assessed in 101 patients who underwent a complete evaluation. Patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy (n = 9) were compared with patients with echocardiographic symmetrical left ventricle hypertrophy (n = 38) and without left ventricular hypertrophy (n = 54). Our results indicate that neither the severity of hypertension, nor the renin angiotensin system nor sympathetic nerve activity appear to be the primary determinants in the development of asymmetric septal hypertrophy. PMID- 6686551 TI - Intracranial hemorrhage simulating brain tumor in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A 6-year-old girl with signs of a space occupying lesion had a CT scan compatible with a brain tumor. A preoperative hemogram revealed thrombocytopenia which was later proved to be due to ITP. Intracranial bleeding can rarely be the first manifestation of ITP. Early recognition of this situation aided by serial CT follow-up may lead to an improvement in the handling of these patients. PMID- 6686552 TI - Neurological, psychological and articulatory impairment in five-year-old children with a birthweight of 2000 g or less. AB - The study comprised 324 children with a birthweight less than or equal to 2000 g born in 1971-1974 at the Institute of Midwifery, Helsinki. The low birthweight (LBW) infants totalled 1.46% of the live-born during that time. At the age of 5 years 197 children were investigated; 15 had severe handicaps while 182 were without any immediate noticeable defects. The rest were not investigated for the following reasons: 86 had died, seven were severely handicapped and 34 could not be traced or the parents did not want to participate in the examination. The 197 children were given a neurodevelopmental screening examination, psychological and articulatory tests. A score of greater than or equal to 23 in the neurodevelopmental screening examination was noted in 8% of the controls, in 87% of the severely handicapped and in 34% of children without severe handicaps. All psychological test results differed significantly from those of the controls. The articulatory tests showed that the speech problems were more common among the LBW children. According to the teachers' assessments at the age of 9 years, 32% of the LBW children were in need of special education, compared with 12% of the controls. A significant correlation was found between the test results at 5 years and the school achievement at the age of nine. PMID- 6686553 TI - Progesterone receptors and human breast cancer; 'Wassink lecture' presented at the 3rd EORTC Breast Cancer Working Conference. PMID- 6686554 TI - Prognostic factors and tumour markers in early breast cancer; a commentary. PMID- 6686555 TI - Diagnosis and screening in breast cancer; a review. PMID- 6686556 TI - Therapy of advanced breast cancer; a review. PMID- 6686558 TI - Cholera toxin selectively affects the expression of opioid dependence in the tolerant myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig. PMID- 6686557 TI - Bioavailability and diurnal variation in absorption of sustained release theophylline in asthmatic children. AB - The absolute oral bioavailability of a sustained release theophylline tablet (Nuelin-SR250), given 12 hourly was determined in 14 asthmatic children aged 5 to 13 years. In 4 of the patients, mean bioavailability of the fourth dose was 38.9 +/- 8.4% and that of the sixth dose was 67.9 +/- 25.9% (p less than 0.05) in the other ten patients. This suggests steady-state had not been achieved after four doses. In the initial study with 9 patients, a significant diurnal variation in predose plasma theophylline concentrations was observed, as the mean morning predose concentrations were 2.9 fold greater than the mean evening predose concentrations (p less than 0.005). Dual peak plasma concentrations occurred in 5 out of the 9 patients. The mechanism of this diurnal variation was investigated in a further 5 asthmatic children (10.8 years +/- 1.6). Morning and night steady state plasma theophylline concentrations during a continuous intravenous infusion of aminophylline were not different (14.9 +/- 5.3 mg/l vs. 15.6 +/- 5.9 mg/l), demonstrating that there was no diurnal variation in the plasma clearance of theophylline. The diurnal variation in predose concentrations with Neulin-SR250 was confirmed with the morning concentrations again being 2.6 fold greater than those in the evening. However, bioavailability was not significantly different for day (09.00-21.00) and night (21.00-09.00) dosing intervals after doses 6 and 7 respectively of Nuelin-SR250. The plasma concentration versus time profiles suggested that the diurnal variation in predose concentrations was due to slower absorption of the evening dose. PMID- 6686559 TI - [Change in the vaginal smear cycle following conventionalization and monocontamination of germ-free rats with Enterobacter cloacae]. AB - The relationship between the microbial organism infection and the vaginal smear cycle was investigated using 12 germfree Wistar Imamichi rats at 50 days of age. Germfree rats exhibited continuous vaginal cornification which occasionally interrupted by the appearance of nucleated epithelial cells. However, leukocytes which are characteristic of the metestrus and diestrus stage in conventional rats were not observed in the vaginal smear of these animals. At 70 days of age, 8 animals were taken out from the germfree isolator and conventionalized. In other 4 animals, the vaginal lumen was contaminated with Enterobacter cloacae in the isolator. Within 3 days after the treatments, leukocytes appeared in the vaginal smear of all animals in both groups. Thereafter, these animals continued the regular 4 days vaginal cycle to 90 days of age, at which the observation was terminated. The above results suggested that the appearance of leukocytes in the vaginal smear in the rat is closely related to the bacterial colonization in the lumen, together with the action of the progesterone secreted from the ovary. PMID- 6686560 TI - [Effects of 6-oxo-PGE1 on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, blood pressure and platelet aggregability in man]. AB - 6-oxo-prostaglandin E1 (6-oxo-PGE1), has recently been postulated as being a possible metabolite of PGI2 and/or 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha. This compound possesses a vasodilatory, renin secretion activity and platelet aggregation inhibiting activity in the dog and rat and is more stable than PGI2. But the systemic effects of 6-oxo-PGE1 on man is not known. The present study was designed, therefore, to determine the effects of 6-oxo-PGE1 on blood pressure (BP), the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and platelet aggregability in man. 6 healthy male volunteers (mean age: 24.3 +/- 1.2 years) and one patient with Shy-Drager syndrome (a 57 year old female) were studied. 6-oxo-PGE1, dissolved in physiological saline, was infused intravenously at three different doses of 7.5, 15 and 30 ng/kg/min, for 15 min each. Blood samples were collected every 15 minutes for measurements of plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA), plasma cortisol (PC) and platelet aggregation inhibiting activity (Agg inhibition). BP and pulse rate (PR) were recorded every 2 minutes. PRA, PA and PC did not change during or after the infusion. However, the platelet aggregation was significantly (p less than 0.05) inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, and this was still observed at 30 minutes after the termination of the infusion. Neither systolic or diastolic BP changed during the infusion but rose after the termination of the infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686561 TI - 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) and sulprostone serum levels after application of sulprostone to postpartum women. AB - 13 ,14 -Dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) serum levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in 101 postpartum women who were treated with 200 micrograms methergin, 5 I.U. oxytocin and 500 micrograms sulprostone, respectively, 30 min after expulsion of placenta. All patients had normal deliveries. The present radioimmunoassay system did not show cross-reactivity with sulprostone. In addition, radioimmunoassayable sulprostone serum levels were monitored. Covariance analysis of area under PGFM serum levels between time zero and 180 min after application of oxytocics was performed. A higher but statistically not significantly PGFM serum level was maintained in subjects treated with sulprostone. Sulprostone serum levels are rapidly attained after application. Decrease of radioimmunoassayable sulprostone indicates a half-life of 75 min. These data corroborate clinical findings of an accompanying paper and combine to suggest that sulprostone may be a useful alternative therapy in high-risk patients with severe postpartum atony and hemorrhage in whom prior preventive measures have failed. PMID- 6686563 TI - Phenotype modulation in primary cultures of arterial smooth muscle cells. On the role of platelet-derived growth factor. AB - Smooth muscle cells were isolated from adult rat aorta by collagenase digestion, grown in primary culture in the presence of 10% whole blood serum (WBS), and studied by quantitative electron microscopy and thymidine autoradiography in order to correlate cellular fine structure and proliferation. On day 2-4, the cells passed through a structural transition from contractile to synthetic state. In the former they were characterized by predominance of cytoplasmic microfilament bundles and in the latter by an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and a large Golgi complex. The disappearance of the microfilament bundles was accompanied by a transient increase in lysosomal volume density but no signs of bulk autophagy. This suggests that microfilaments were disassembled into subunit proteins and that lysosomes were engaged in adjusting the pool of free subunits into a new equilibrium. RER cisternae grew out from the nuclear envelope and successively spread throughout the cytoplasm. Stacks of Golgi cisternae were organized in a circumscribed juxtanuclear region. The structural modulation occurred also in medium containing 10% plasma-derived serum (PDS). Its onset was delayed by addition of antibodies (50 micrograms/ml) against platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) to 10% WBS-medium and speeded up by addition of purified PDGF (25 ng/ml) to 10% PDS-medium. Otherwise, the kinetics of the structural modulation was the same in all experimental groups. The observations could not be explained by overgrowth of contaminating fibroblasts since (1) successive steps in the process were clearly evident, (2) the cells surrounded themselves by an incomplete basement membrane, a characteristic feature of smooth muscle, and (3) mitomycin C blocked cell growth but not conversion from contractile to synthetic state. After 3-4 days of culture in 10% WBS-medium, active DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation were initiated as determined autoradiographically and by cell counting. Electron microscopic autoradiography showed that all cells were morphologically in the synthetic state at the time of entrance into S-phase. Initially, the cells grew at a lower rate in the presence of PDGF antibodies but after 5-6 days of culture attained a rate similar to that in the controls. No distinct proliferation was obtained in 10% PDS-medium unless purified PDGF (10 ng/ml) was added during the first days of culture. The results suggest that the structural modulation of the smooth muscle is an absolute but not sufficient prerequisite for cellular proliferation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6686562 TI - Inaccessibility of certain Ricinus lectin binding sites due to the increase in hyaluronic acid during chick embryo development. AB - Chick embryo fibroblasts constitute a useful model for investigating cell surface differentiation using Ricinus lectin as a marker. Fibroblasts from 8-day chick embryos had two classes of Ricinus lectin binding sites, whereas those from 16 day embryos displayed only one class. Hyaluronidase treatment of fibroblasts from 8-day embryos had no effect on their capacity to bind Ricinus lectin; however after this treatment, 16-day cells resembled 8-day cells since the former also exhibited two classes of lectin-binding sites. Treatment with hyaluronidase released 2-5 times more hyaluronic acid from the older cells than from the younger cells. The same hyaluronidase treatment did not change the number of 8 day cells detached by trypsin from the substrate, but increased the number of detached 16-day cells. These observations suggest (i) that the greater adhesiveness to the substrate of the 16-day cells might be due to the presence on the cell surface of a larger amount of glycosaminoglycans at 16 days than at 8 days, and (ii) that the increased accumulation of hyaluronic acid on the cell surface might be involved in an alteration in the cell membrane during differentiation. PMID- 6686565 TI - [Thrombolytic properties of longolytin--a complex of enzymes isolated from an Arthrobothrys longa culture]. PMID- 6686566 TI - [An information-search system for micro-organism collection]. AB - A search-information system has been developed which allows to keep and provide the needed information concerning collections of any microorganisms. The system contains up to 20 000 strains which can be characterized by 4000 properties. The system allows to find all strains corresponding to the given set of characters and also provides the information available for the strain required. The survey of the set of 1000 strains takes as much as 10 sec; the time of search grows linearly with the increase of the strain number. The system is realized on the electronic computer EC1010. PMID- 6686567 TI - [Regulation of int gene expression in phage phi 81]. AB - Phi 81 phage, like lambda, was shown to possess, in addition to cI (repressor) gene, two other genes--cII and cIII, essential for immunity establishment. Expression of phi 81 int gene is positively controlled by cII and cIII gene products. The products of cII and cIII genes of phi 81 phage do not complement analogous lambda genes functions. PMID- 6686568 TI - [Effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine concentration on sister chromatid exchange frequency in consecutive replication cycles]. AB - A yield of single and twin sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Chinese hamster cells incubated at different concentrations of 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) has been studied. The ratio of SCEs formed in the second and in the first cycle has been discovered to be dependent on the dose of BrdUrd; it is 1.5:1 for the high concentration of BrdUrd and 1:1 for the lowest one. The authors arrived at a conclusion that the observed level of SCEs--0.1 per chromosome per cycle for the lowest concentration is spontaneous. PMID- 6686569 TI - [Mechanism of formation of chromatid exchanges]. AB - Chinese hamster cells with different patterns of distribution of 5 bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) between chromosome subunits were subjected, during the G2 stage, to UV irradiation, which only produced breaks in BrdUrd substituted DNA. The frequency of chromatid and subchromatid interchanges as well as isochromatid aberrations was estimated. It was found that only BrdUrd containing chromatids were involved into aberrations; this result challenges the so called "molecular theory" for aberration production proposed by Leenhouts and Chadwick. A very small increase of the aberration yield in chromosomes without BrdUrd may be connected with the action of UV on the frequency of recombination. The observed frequency of interchanges was not proportional to the BrdUrd content in chromosomes and depended on the time of its incorporation: more exchanges were induced in the chromatids incorporating BrdUrd during the last round of replication. These regularities may be connected with some molecular peculiarities of chromosome structure and function. PMID- 6686570 TI - [Selection of Wistar rats for predisposition to catalepsy]. AB - Non-inbred Wistar rats were bred for predisposition to catalepsy for 14 generations. The percentage of cataleptic rats, beginning from the F1, was about 50%, while in the control population it was about 9%. This, together with the data obtained after comparison of the proportion of cataleptic animals in the progeny from homogeneous crossings between rats of normal and cataleptic phenotypes from the group selected for catalepsy (16 and 48%, respectively), makes one suppose predisposition to catalepsy to be an oligogenic character. The later onset of stereotype-like reactions to administrations of methylphenidate, and their longer persistence in cataleptic animals points to inertness of dopaminergic systems. At the same time, the increased frequency of "hyperactivity"-like reactions to methylphenidate, as well as higher arterial pressure and lower frequency of defecations seem to reflect an increased excitability of noradrenergic brain systems in rats predisposed to catalepsy. PMID- 6686564 TI - [Assessment of treatment effectiveness and the sociomedical rehabilitation of adult patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 6686571 TI - A histochemical study of the ovary of the frog Rana cyanophlyctis (Schn.). PMID- 6686572 TI - Morphology of the Indian sugarcane leafhopper, Pyrilla perpusilla Walker. PMID- 6686573 TI - Monographs on fragrance raw materials. PMID- 6686575 TI - Cinnamic aldehyde: a survey of consumer patch-test sensitization. AB - The potential for cinnamic aldehyde, an important fragrance and flavour ingredient, to induce or to elicit delayed contact hypersensitivity reactions in man was evaluated by analysing patch-test data. Results of studies involving a total of 4117 patch tests on various consumer products and fragrance blends containing cinnamic aldehyde and on the material itself were collected from fragrance and formulator companies. The data indicate that cinnamic aldehyde contained in consumer products and fragrance blends at concentrations up to 6 X 10(-1)%, and patch-tested at concentrations up to 8 X 10(-3)%, has no detectable potential to induce hypersensitivity. Cinnamic aldehyde when tested alone induced a dose-related hypersensitivity response. According to published reports, cinnamic aldehyde elicited positive delayed hypersensitivity responses in dermatitic patients. However, results of the current survey show that when cinnamic aldehyde was tested alone or as part of a mixture in subjects in the general population, no pre-existing hypersensitivity reactions to the fragrance material were observed in any of the 4117 patch tests which constituted the survey. Cinnamic aldehyde at the concentrations contained in consumer products and fragrances, has a very low potential to induce hypersensitivity ('induced' reactions) or to elicit sensitization reactions ('elicited' reactions) in the general population. PMID- 6686576 TI - Eugenol and clove leaf oil: a survey of consumer patch-test sensitization. AB - The potential of eugenol and of clove leaf oil, which contains a high concentration of eugenol, to induce delayed skin hypersensitivity or to elicit reactions due to pre-existing skin sensitization in man was evaluated by analysing patch-test data. Results from a total of 11,632 patch tests on eugenol itself, on various consumer products containing eugenol and/or clove leaf oil, and on fragrance blends containing eugenol and/or clove leaf oil were collected from fragrance and formulation companies. One instance of induced hypersensitivity and one instance of pre-existing sensitization were observed at eugenol patch-test concentrations of 5 X 10(-2) and 9 X 10(-2)% respectively. In both cases, subsequent patch testing showed skin responses to mixtures of eugenol and isoeugenol, but no further attempt was made to define the causative agent. The survey indicates that, at the concentrations present in consumer products, eugenol alone or as part of clove leaf oil has a very low potential either to elicit pre-existing sensitization ('elicited' reactions) or to induce hypersensitivity ('induced' reactions). PMID- 6686574 TI - Long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity test of ammonia-process caramel colouring given to B6C3F1 mice in the drinking-water. AB - Caramel colouring (ammonia process) was given at levels of 0 (control), 1.25 and 5.0% in the drinking-water to groups of 50 male and 50 female mice for 96 wk, and then all all the animals were maintained without caramel for a further 8 wk. Males given 5.0% caramel showed increased cumulative mortality from wk 100 to the end of the experiment. The white blood cell count in treated males was significantly elevated in a dose-related manner. However, these changes were not considered to be biologically significant. There were no treatment-related effects on clinical signs, body or organ weights, results of urine analyses, or histological features. Therefore, this study did not demonstrate any carcinogenic effect of caramel on mice at levels of up to 5.0% in the drinking-water. PMID- 6686577 TI - Isoeugenol: a survey of consumer patch-test sensitization. AB - The potential of isoeugenol, an important fragrance and flavour ingredient, to induce delayed contact hypersensitivity or to elicit pre-existing sensitization reactions in man was evaluated by analysing patch-test data from dermatitic and non-dermatitic subjects. Results from a total of 6512 patch tests (involving approximately 5850 subjects) on isoeugenol alone and on various consumer products and fragrance blends containing isoeugenol, were collected from fragrance and formulator companies. Hypersensitivity induced by isoeugenol was concentration dependent. All but two of the reactions occurring in this survey were at exposure concentrations greater than or equal to 0.8% isoeugenol. No induced reactions occurred in the 1004 patch tests reported at isoeugenol concentrations between 0.03 and 0.5%. One induced reaction in 32 patch tests was attributable to isoeugenol at a concentration of 0.02% while another induced reaction in 23 patch tests conducted at the same concentration was resolved to an isoeugenol-eugenol mixture. One elicited reaction at an isoeugenol concentration of 0.04% occurred in the 6512 patch tests reported in this survey. This single elicitation was resolved to an isoeugenol-eugenol mixture, but the specific causative agent was not identified. The results of this survey indicate that isoeugenol has a very low potential for either eliciting pre-existing sensitization reactions ('elicited' reactions) or inducing hypersensitivity ('induced' reactions) in subjects exposed to consumer products containing this ingredient. PMID- 6686578 TI - Benzyl salicylate: a survey of consumer patch-test sensitization. AB - The potential of benzyl salicylate, an important fragrance and flavour ingredient, to induce hypersensitivity or to elicit reactions to pre-existing hypersensitivity in the general population was evaluated by analysing patch-test data. Results obtained from fragrance and formulator companies for a total of 10,538 patch tests on benzyl salicylate alone, on a variety of household and personal care consumer products and on fragrance blends containing benzyl salicylate were analysed as part of this survey. No induced or elicited responses directly attributable to benzyl salicylate were observed in the 35 patch tests on benzyl salicylate alone, or in the 10,503 patch tests on consumer products or fragrance blends containing benzyl salicylate. The highest concentration of benzyl salicylate tested in the consumer-product tests was 2 X 10(-1)%, and benzyl salicylate alone was tested at 10% in ethanol. This study indicates that benzyl salicylate has a very low potential to induce hypersensitivity ('induced' reactions) or to elicit reactions presumably attributable to pre-existing sensitization ('elicited' reactions) and thus supports the safe use of benzyl salicylate in consumer products and fragrance blends. PMID- 6686580 TI - N-nitrosamines and nitrosatable compounds in rubber nipples and pacifiers. AB - Rubber nipples and pacifiers were analysed for volatile N-nitrosamines using gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis after extraction with 'artificial saliva'. All of the 17 samples tested were found to contain at least two of the following: N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine and N nitrosopiperidine. Total volatile N-nitrosamine levels up to 19.7 micrograms/kg rubber were found, with a mean content of 7.3 micrograms/kg. Nitrosatable compounds, measured as N-nitrosamines after nitrosation, were detected in 15 of the 17 samples to total levels up to 13.7 mg/kg, the mean being 5.0 mg/kg. PMID- 6686581 TI - Volatile N-nitrosamines in snuff and chewing tobacco on the Swedish market. AB - Snuff and chewing tobacco on the Swedish market in 1981-82 were analysed for volatile N-nitrosamines using gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis. Detectable levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine were found in nearly all of the 36 samples analysed. N-nitrosopiperidine and N nitrosomorpholine were also found in some samples. The total concentration of volatile N-nitrosamines found in any sample was between 0.5 and 145.9 micrograms/kg wet weight. Storage of snuff in unopened boxes for 20 wk at -20, +2 or +23 degrees C resulted in small but statistically insignificant changes in the volatile N-nitrosamine content. Storage for 20 wk at +2 degrees C in boxes that had been opened and resealed led to a larger but statistically insignificant increase in the mean level of total volatile N-nitrosamines. The levels of volatile N-nitrosamines found in Swedish snuff in 1981 and 1982 were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than those found in 1979. It is estimated that in Sweden today the use of snuff can increase the normal intake of the N nitrosamines studied here by about 10 to 100%. PMID- 6686583 TI - Analysis of human chromosomes after repeated hair dyeing. AB - Ten volunteers (males and females) each had their hair dyed 13 times at intervals of 3-6 wk. Each volunteer used a single commercial preparation throughout the study. The preparations used contained a mixture of aminotoluenes, aminophenols and hydroxybenzenes and, in some cases, naphthol, as the active ingredients. Lymphocytes of the hair-dyed volunteers and of ten controls matched for age and sex were scored for chromosomal aberrations. The incidence of aberrations did not differ significantly between the controls and the hair-dyed volunteers at any of the nine sampling times (before the first exposure, after the first (sham) dyeing and then after each of the next three and the last four dyeing procedures). An increase in the aberration rate with time was observed both in the controls and in the hair-dyed subjects. The reason for this increase could not be determined. No clastogenic effect of repeated hair dyeing was established in this study. PMID- 6686582 TI - A study of the teratogenic potential of caffeine ingested in drinking-water. AB - Caffeine dissolved in drinking-water was available ad lib. to Osborne-Mendel rats at dose levels of 0, 0.007, 0.018, 0.036, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15 or 0.20% during days 0 20 of gestation. The corresponding daily caffeine intakes were 0, 10.1, 27.4, 50.7, 86.6, 115.8, 160.9 and 204.5 mg/kg body weight. Dosages of 160.9 and 204.5 mg/kg were associated with decreased implantation efficiency, increased resorptions and decreased mean numbers of viable foetuses. Numbers of runts were significantly increased after dosages of 115.8-204.5 mg/kg/day. Foetal body weight and length were decreased and oedematous foetuses were increased at dosages of 86.6-204.5 mg/kg/day. Contrary to results seen after gavage studies, caffeine available ad lib. in drinking-water produced no dose-related gross anomalies. Only two animals with missing or hypoplastic nails were produced, both in the 160.9-mg/kg group. Sternebral ossification deficiencies were increased at all dose levels except 10.1 mg/kg/day. Skeletal ossification deficiencies were increased in a dose-related manner at the four highest dose levels. Caffeine given by water bottle produced ossification deficiencies similar to those seen after intubation, but at higher dosages. PMID- 6686579 TI - The formation of nitrite and N-nitroso compounds in salivas in vitro and in vivo. AB - The considerable differences in salivary nitrite levels observed previously in subjects who had abstained overnight from dietary nitrate as completely as possible were again found in tests on ten separate days. A 25-fold variation was observed in the rate of production of nitrite in vitro during the incubation of salivas from different subjects with 16 mM-nitrate under standardized conditions. N-Nitroso compounds were detected as a group on 11/100 and 14/100 occasions after incubations in vitro without and with added nitrate, respectively. No significant changes in salivary nitrite level were found 1 hr after the volunteers had ingested water-borne nitrate at approximately the World Health Organization recommended limit for continuous use (50 mg NO-3/litre), but increases in nitrite concentration were consistently found after volunteers ingested nitrate in water at four times this concentration. Although the nitrite concentrations were markedly increased following the intake of nitrate at the higher level, the occurrence of N-nitroso compounds in the salivas of the volunteers was greater immediately prior to the ingestion of water-borne nitrate than 1 hr afterwards. PMID- 6686585 TI - Comparative study of methods chosen by the Association Francaise de Normalisation (AFNOR) for evaluating sensitizing potential in the albino guinea-pig. AB - An evaluation was made of the different protocols recommended by the Association Francaise de Normalisation (AFNOR) for assessing the sensitizing potential of chemicals in the guinea-pig. The methods studied were those of Magnusson & Kligman (J. invest. Derm. 1969, 52, 268), Maguire (J. Soc. cosmet. Chem. 1973, 24, 151), Maurer et al. (Agents & Actions 1975, 5, 174), Klecak et al. (J. Soc. cosmet. Chem. 1977, 28, 53), Dossou & Sicard (1984, to be published) and a hitherto unpublished method of Guillot, Gonnet, Clement & Brulos. Results obtained by each method were compared in tests on the allergenic reference substances dihydrocoumarin, p-phenylenediamine, formalin, penicillin G and benzocaine (ethoform) and on propylene glycol (negative control). The results showed that the number of animals sensitized often varies with the choice of experimental protocol, that inclusion of tests on a control substance is essential, and that while quantitative differences were found, the methods were qualitatively similar in their capacity to identify allergens in the guinea-pig. PMID- 6686586 TI - Metabolism, disposition and excretion of [14C]melamine in male Fischer 344 rats. AB - The metabolism, excretion and disposition of melamine were determined after administration of a single oral dose of 0.025 mCi (0.38 mg) [14C]melamine to adult male Fischer 344 rats. Within the first 24 hr, 90% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine. Negligible radioactivity appeared in breath and faeces. There was little difference in blood, liver or plasma concentrations of 14C, suggesting that melamine distributes in body water. The only organs showing radioactivity levels much higher than plasma were the kidney and bladder. The bladder level was by far the highest, a finding probably due either to back diffusion from urine or to contamination of bladder tissue with urine. Virtually no residual radioactivity was observed in tissues examined at 24 hr or later. The elimination-phase half-life calculated from plasma data, 2.7 hr, was in good agreement with the urinary-excretion half-life of 3.0 hr. The renal clearance of melamine was 2.5 ml/min. Radioactivity in plasma or urine co-chromatographed with that of the dosing solution, indicating that melamine is not metabolized in the male Fischer 344 rat. PMID- 6686584 TI - Investigations on the effect of repeated hair dyeing on sister chromatid exchanges. AB - The numbers of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were determined in the lymphocytes of ten volunteers (males and females) whose hair was dyed 13 times at intervals of 3-5 wk. Each volunteer used throughout the study a single commercial preparation containing a mixture of aminotoluenes, aminophenols and hydroxybenzenes, and in some cases naphthol, as the active ingredients. The findings were compared with those in a control group matched for age and sex. SCE were determined in blood samples taken before the first exposure, after a sham dyeing and after the first three and the last three actual dyeing procedures. Volunteers were carefully screened for disease, for use of medicines and for radiation exposure. Consumption of alcohol was the same in both groups, but there were more smokers in the treated group. No evidence was found of any effect of repeated hair dyeing on the frequency of SCE. In both the controls and in the hair-dyed subjects a slight decrease in SCE was detected during the course of the experiment; this was independent of sex as well as of the dyeing procedure. PMID- 6686587 TI - Correlations between skin sensitization potential and chemical reactivity for p nitrobenzyl compounds. AB - Quantitative relationships between skin sensitization potential and certain physico-chemical properties of alkylating agents have been reported. This study demonstrates the correlation of the relative alkylation index (RAI), derived from the alkylation rate and lipophilicity of an alkylating agent, with a set of experimental sensitization data obtained for a series of p-nitrobenzyl compounds. PMID- 6686588 TI - Safety evaluation of thaumatin (Talin protein). AB - Thaumatin, the sweet proteinaceous extract of the arils of Thaumatococcus daniellii (Benth.) has been studied for its subacute toxicity in rats and dogs and its ability to produce anaphylactic antibodies following oral administration to rats and normal human subjects. Thaumatin was readily digested prior to absorption in rats and no adverse effects resulted from its continuous administration to rats and dogs at dietary concentrations of 0, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0% for 13 wk. It was not teratogenic when administered orally to rats at 0, 200, 600 and 2000 mg/kg body weight/day from day 6 to 15 of gestation and was without effect on the incidence of dominant lethal mutations when administered on five consecutive days to male mice at 200 and 2000 mg/kg/day. The lack of mutagenic potential was confirmed in bacterial mutagenic assays with Salmonella typhimurium (strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100) and Escherichia coli WP2, at levels of addition of 0.05-50 mg/plate. In rats, thaumatin was found to be a weak sensitizer, comparable with egg albumen, when administered systemically but to be inactive when administered orally. Prick testing of laboratory personnel who had been intermittently exposed by inhalation to thaumatin for periods up to 7 yr showed that 9.3% (13/140) responded positively to commercial thaumatin, while 30.7% were positive to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (house dust mite). None of the subjects who gave a positive skin reaction to commercial thaumatin responded to the plant components remaining after removal of the specific sweet Thaumatin proteins. Challenge tests in man did not demonstrate any oral sensitization. The results indicate that thaumatin when used as a flavour modifier and extender, and partial sweetener, is unlikely to be hazardous at the anticipated level of consumption. PMID- 6686590 TI - Myofibroblasts in central giant cell granuloma of the jaws: an ultrastructural study. AB - The ultrastructure of stromal mononuclear cells and giant cells were studied in two cases of central giant cell granuloma of the jaws. The majority of stromal cells superficially resembled fibroblasts, but also contained intracytoplasmic myofilaments with electron dense bodies similar to smooth muscle cells. These cells were referred to as myofibroblasts. The other type of mononuclear cells resembled macrophages. Many of the myofibroblast type cells appeared close to giant cells and signs of early fusion between them could be demonstrated. It is suggested from these results that the giant cells in central giant cell granuloma form and increase in size through fusion of these cells. PMID- 6686589 TI - [Behavioral and electroencephalographic effects of zopiclone, a cyclopyrrolone derivative]. PMID- 6686592 TI - Fetal growth variations--I. Influence of maternal size and nutrition on identification of fetal growth retardation. PMID- 6686593 TI - Some factors influencing quality of sexual life after myocardial infarction. AB - In 49 male survivors of one myocardial infarction (MI) aspects of sexual function before and after the vascular catastrophe were investigated by means of structured interviews. In additionally 13 subjects penile blood pressure and flow were measured. In 63% of the subjects sexual function had deteriorated to some extent after the MI. The level of general sexual satisfaction decreased in 45%, and changes were associated with changes in sexual function. Stigmatization was associated with sexual dysfunctions. The findings indicate that both biologic and psychosocial factors are influential on the emergence of sexual dysfunction and, therefore, frustration. PMID- 6686591 TI - The regulation of precopulatory behavior by ovarian hormones in the female Mongolian gerbil. AB - The hormonal regulation of precopulatory behavior in the female Mongolian gerbil was studied using two groups (N = 6) of sexually experienced females. A novel testing procedure was used which involved females living continuously with test males for several days. The test males showed either full sexual behavior (copulating males, C) or only precopulatory behavior (noncopulating males, NC). Experiment 1 investigated changes during the estrous cycle and following ovariectomy in females. Experiment 2 studied the effects of hormonal treatment of these ovariectomized females with 6 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB) followed by 0.4 mg progesterone (P) or by 0.04 ml arachis oil. When tested with NC males, females displayed a greater range of precopulatory behavior. The patterns could be classified into three groups according to the manner of response to ovariectomy and hormone treatment. Group I patterns (approach, leave, and olfactory investigation of the male's head) were affected by neither ovariectomy nor EB treatment relative to Day 3 levels (Day 3, day preceding estrus; Day 4, estrus), but they were increased to estrous levels by EB and P. Group II patterns (darting, foot-stomping, and the present and piloerection postures) appeared only during estrus, did not appear after ovariectomy, and reappeared only after sequential EB and P treatment. Group III patterns (investigation of the male's anogenital area, allogrooming, ventral gland marking, and sand-rolling) were reduced relative to both estrus and Day 3 levels by ovariectomy and increased above Day 3 levels by EB alone; EB and P treatment further increased Group III patterns to the level of estrus. It is suggested that female precopulatory behavior patterns differ in their responsiveness to ovarian hormones. Estrogen appears to affect those patterns associated with the earliest stages of estrus (Group III). PMID- 6686594 TI - Appearance of effusion material in the attic space correlated to an impaired Eustachian tube function. AB - In adult Sprague-Dawley rats a dysfunction or a total blockade of the Eustachian tube was established by various experimental procedures. The appearance of effusion material in the attic was subsequently considered to be evidence of incomplete ventilation of the middle ear cavity. Though the salpingopharyngeus muscle (SPM) seemed to be the muscle which could open the Eustachian tube maximally, splitting of the soft palate and consequent interference with the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVPM) and the levator veli palatini muscle (LVPM)- but obviously not with the salpingopharyngeus muscle (SPM)--caused the effusion material to be produced in the middle ear cavity. Neither blockade by about 80% of the tympanal orifice nor severing of the tendon of the tensor tympani muscle (TTM) close to the malleus produced any signs of effusion material whatsoever. Our findings strongly suggest that the most important part of the Eustachian tube, as regards ventilation, is the nasopharyngeal portion, as a normally functioning TVPM and LVPM seems to be an absolute prerequisite to prevent effusion material from developing in the attic. PMID- 6686596 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopoenic purpura. PMID- 6686595 TI - Elevated bone conduction thresholds associated with middle ear fluid in adults. AB - Longitudinal observations of adult patients with documented cases of otitis media revealed fluctuations in bone conduction thresholds as well as air conduction thresholds. Previous investigations in this area presented conflicting information regarding temporary and permanent effects of serous otitis media on sensori-neural function. We conducted a detailed study, including complete otologic, audiologic, and tympanometric evaluation, of 30 adult patients exhibiting serous otitis media. Myringotomies were performed on all patients after appropriate medical management failed to clear the middle ear fluid and subsequent hearing loss. Pre- and postmyringotomy audiograms support our conclusion that middle ear fluid can produce artifactual shifts in bone conduction thresholds. Although the data presented was collected from a cohort of adults, the clinical implications are applicable to the pediatric population. We have observed a similar shift in bone conduction thresholds in children exhibiting serous otitis media, and we have observed improvement in the thresholds with removal of the fluid either by appropriate medical management or by myringotomy with fluid aspiration. PMID- 6686597 TI - Ventricular fibrillation threshold during propranolol withdrawal: an experimental study in dogs. PMID- 6686598 TI - Assessment of recovery from hyperbaric-induced subfertility in male mice. AB - This study was designed to investigate whether subfertility in male mice produced by exposure to high pressures of heliox showed any recovery. Male mice were exposed to 50 ATA heliox (controls exposed to 1 ATA air) during one spermatogenic cycle; subsequently each male was housed with 10 untreated females. After 14 days males were removed and housed with 10 more females. This was repeated four times. Male libido, pregnancy rate, pre- or early implantation loss, and fetal survival were determined for each mating. Results showed that all variables were significantly reduced in the pressure group during the first mating, but there were differing rates of recovery. Male libido was consistently reduced (12%) and showed no recovery trend. Pregnancy rate showed continuing improvement throughout all matings but did not reach control levels after 8 wk. Pre/early implantation loss and fetal survival had returned to control values by the fourth mating. These data suggest that pressure-induced subfertility is largely reversible, and at least two separate events contribute to it. PMID- 6686599 TI - Cell-free synthesis of the depsipeptide beauvericin. AB - The enzymatic formation of the cyclodepsipeptide beauvericin was demonstrated in cell-free extracts from Beauveria bassiana. In analogy to the enniatin synthetase system formation of beauvericin is strictly dependent on the presence of the constituent amino and hydroxy acid, S-adenosylmethionine, and ATP/Mg2+. Synthesizing activity could be enriched about 12-fold by fractional ammonium sulfate precipitation. Besides the enniatin synthetase system this represents another example of the cell-free synthesis of a depsipeptide from eucaryotic origin. PMID- 6686600 TI - [Four cases of so-called atypical central serous choroidopathy]. AB - Four cases of atypical central serous choroidopathy are presented. Serous detachment of the neuro-epithelium associated with multiple yellowish exudates in the macular region was an initial change, and this was followed by peripheral detachment. This condition is considered to be an allied disorder to central serous choroidopathy, fluorescein angiography showing leakage points or detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium, and photocoagulation with Xenon or laser to these points leading to recovery in three of the four cases, though it appears to be closely related to posterior uveitis. PMID- 6686601 TI - Hydatid infection in some animals in Egypt. PMID- 6686603 TI - Biochemical studies on collagen in human placenta--relation of collagen to the construction and function of human placenta. AB - Contents and relating biosynthetic enzyme activities of collagen in human placenta were studied, and its characteristics and possible role were discussed. Main results were as follows. Hydroxyproline contents of the normal placenta in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester were 7.2 +/- 1.1, 14.6 +/- 4.4 and 23.4 +/- 4.8 micrograms/mg protein, respectively, and increased linearly as the pregnancy progressed (p less than 0.01, r = 0.8753). Among cases of abnormal pregnancy, one of three cases of intrauterine stillbirth and cases of light-for-date baby pregnancy with severe toxemia showed significantly higher hydroxyproline content than those of others. Prolyl hydroxylase activities of the normal placenta in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester were 1048.2 +/- 174.0, 381.2 +/- 76.7 and 277.9 +/- 103.7 c.p.m/mg protein, respectively. Significantly higher activities were found in the 1st trimester than in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters (p less than 0.01). In abnormal pregnancy, the activities of the light-for-date baby with severe toxemia were significantly higher levels than those of others (p less than 0.05). These results may suggest that the collagen in the human placenta is not only concerned with developmental construction of the placenta, but also associated with complicated metabolic function of the placenta as well. PMID- 6686602 TI - [Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck in a girl]. PMID- 6686604 TI - [Recurrent sarcoidosis following delivery]. PMID- 6686605 TI - Cervical pregnancy: diagnosis and management. PMID- 6686606 TI - Characteristics and functional significance of daily cycles in serum gonadotropin hormone levels in the goldfish. AB - Goldfish were subjected to 12L:12D/12 degrees C, 16L:8D/20 degrees C, or to an outdoor pond regime for various lengths of time at several times of year. Serum gonadotropin hormone (GTH) levels were determined through 24-h periods and ovaries were examined histologically. Low and uniform serum GTH levels were found throughout the day in fish under 12L:12D/12 degrees C for 32 days in November; significant fluctuations were found under this regime after 32 days in March. In fish held under 16L:8D/20 degrees C, a peak in serum GTH levels was detected after 7 days in November and after 13 days in March. GTH levels were high and uniform throughout the day after 32 days in November and March. Patterns of daily cycles in serum GTH levels of fish kept in an outdoor pond were similar to the patterns detected in the laboratory under similar conditions of photoperiod and temperature. Fluctuating serum GTH levels were correlated with greater oocyte growth than constant low levels. Constant high serum GTH levels were correlated with oocyte atresia. PMID- 6686607 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutants of fowl plague virus (influenza A) generated by undiluted passages at 33 degrees C. AB - Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants obtained by undiluted passages of fowl plague virus at 33 degrees C have their defects located mainly in RNA segments 3, 4 and 8 as determined by rescue to wild-type with standard ts mutants. This result is different from that obtained after treatment of virus with mutagens, where the frequency of mutations follows roughly the target size of the RNA segments. Many isolates generated after undiluted passages at 33 degrees C, which seem to have mutations in RNA segments 3 and 4, can be rescued to wild-type. This occurs, however, with certain defined standard ts mutants having a defect in RNA segment 4, but not by other segment 4 mutants. One such mutant, ts 1/93 (ts defect in segment 3), interferes with the multiplication of ts 227 (ts defect in segment 4) at the permissive temperature, presumably at the level of vRNA synthesis, preventing reassortment to wild-type. Similarly, ts 263 (ts defect in segment 3) interferes with the multiplication of ts 1/1 (ts defect in segment 4). For other such interfering mutants, the mechanism preventing reassortment to wild-type is different from that of ts 1/93 or ts 1/1, but is not yet understood. Thus, the number of mutations as determined by rescue with standard ts mutants in isolates obtained by undiluted passages is overestimated due to intrinsic interference. PMID- 6686608 TI - Diurnal changes in glycogen stores in liver and skeletal muscle of rats in relation to the feed timing of sucrose. AB - Diurnal changes in tissue glycogen stores were determined in rats in relation to the feed timing of sucrose. Rats were daily meal-fed on a 35% sucrose diet at 20.00-21.00 and a basal diet at 08.00-09.00, or meal-fed on the same diets at the reversed time for 7 weeks. Half of the animals were allowed voluntary wheel running between 21.00-08.00, but the remaining animals were restricted to exercise for 24 h. At the end of the feeding period, both groups of rats were killed at 4-h intervals. Glycogen stores in liver and soleus muscle of sedentary rats showed sharp increases over 8 h after the sucrose meal regardless of its feed timing. The increases continued for only 4 h in exercised rats given the sucrose diet at the evening meal time. In contrast, glycogen stores in these tissues did not show any noticeable increase after the basal diet regardless of its feed timing. Thus, the feeding of sucrose at the evening meal time seems to be more preferable than at the morning meal time in order to have higher glycogen stores in liver and skeletal muscle during the physically active phase of the day in rats. Diurnal changes of glycogen contents in heart and adipose tissue differed from those in liver and skeletal muscle. PMID- 6686609 TI - Comparative effects of indomethacin, prostaglandin E1, and ibuprofen on bowel ischemia. AB - This study evaluates the effects of Indomethacin (IND), Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), and Ibuprofen (IBP) in a bowel ischemia model. Laparotomy was performed in 80 gram rats (n = 260). Transient ischemia was induced by a one minute occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. Animals were placed in five experimental groups: (I) ischemic controls (n = 80), (II) PGE1, 80 micrograms/kg IV (n = 20), (III) IBP, 12.5 mg/kg IV (n = 60), (IV) IND 15 mg/kg IV (n = 80) and (V) PGE1 + IND (n = 20). All medications were given just prior to laparotomy. Animals were evaluated for survival, length of survival and the presence of bowel necrosis and/or perforation at seven days. Survival was 18% in controls and was reduced to 5% by IND (p less than .005). Improved survival was observed with PGE1 (35%), TBP (31%) and PGE1 + IND (35%). IND resulted in early death, while PGE1, IBP, and PGE1 + IND all increased the length of survival (p less than .05). IND-treated rats had a high incidence of bowel perforation (greater than 40%). PGE1 reversed this effect when given concomitantly with IND. IBP had a significantly lower incidence of intestinal necrosis. These data suggest that infants treated with IND who are at risk for NEC should be carefully monitored for evidence of bowel necrosis. PGE1 and IBP may have a cytoprotective role in subjects at risk for bowel ischemia. PMID- 6686610 TI - Mortality of the earthworms, Eisenia foetida, after gamma-irradiation at different stages of their life history. PMID- 6686612 TI - HLA antigens in acute anterior uveitis and spondyloarthropathies in Asian Indians and their comparison with American whites and blacks. AB - HLA antigen frequencies in 53 unrelated Asian Indian patients with acute anterior uveitis, with or without associated spondyloarthropathies, were compared with our published data on American Whites and Blacks. The most frequent HLA phenotype among uveitis patients with associated ankylosing spondylitis was A9(W24), B27 in Asian Indians as compared to A2, B27 in the American Whites and Blacks. PMID- 6686613 TI - The ultrastructure of germinal beds in the ovary of Gerrhonotus coeruleus (Reptilia: Anguidae). AB - A study of ovarian structure in adult Alligator Lizards (Gerrhonotus coeruleus) was conducted by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Particular attention was directed to characterizing the ultrastructure of germ line cells, prior to follicle formation. General ovarian structure in this lizard is similar to that of other lizards. The paired organs are hollow, thin-walled sacs containing follicles in roughly 3 to 4 size classes. Ovarian germinal tissue consists of oogonia (diploid cells which divide mitotically) and oocytes (meiotic cells), intermixed with ovarian surface epithelial cells. Germ cells reside in two dorsal patches of epithelium per ovary (germinal beds), as is common in lizards. Oogonia in interphase show a highly dispersed chromatin pattern. Within oogonia cytoplasm, Golgi complexes are scarce, rough endoplasmic reticulum is absent, and lipid droplets are rare. Ribosomes are scattered in small clusters. Small, round vesicles are common in all oogonia; glycogen-like granules are present in some. Mitochondria form a juxta-nuclear mass within which groups of several mitochondria surround a dense granule. 'Nuage' granules also are found unassociated with mitochondria. Oocytes are present in stages of meiotic prophase up to diplotene. Synaptinemal complexes are seen in several (pachytene) cells. The cytoplasm of oocytes differs from that of oogonia in that mitochondria do not form groups, and nuage and glycogen are absent, whereas small round vesicles and large irregular vesicles are common. The ultrastructural similarities in germ cells of a reptile as compared to those of other vertebrates strengthens the notion that germ-line cells possess (or lack) qualities related to the undifferentiated state of these cells. PMID- 6686611 TI - Hypothesis: in vitro evidence for the invasive and tumor-like properties of the rheumatoid pannus. AB - It is often considered that the inflammatory processes in the rheumatoid synovium are due to an immune response to an as yet unknown antigen; the resultant pannus has been referred to as "aggressive, invasive, proliferative and tumor-like." Data are presented which show that arthritogenic group A streptococcal cell walls stimulate human monocyte-macrophages to elevate the plasminogen activator (PA) activity of human synoviocytes. By analogy with other cellular systems, it is suggested that the monocyte-macrophage mediated elevation of synoviocyte PA activity can contribute to the tissue remodelling and cell migration found in the rheumatoid pannus. It is also proposed that the active moiety from the stimulated monocyte-macrophages is able to mimic, to some extent, the effects of transforming viruses and tumor promoters on cell function. This concept of a "tumor-like" synoviocyte transformation is suggested as being consistent with the descriptions of the rheumatoid pannus as "aggressive, invasive and tumor-like." Perhaps similar cellular interactions occur in other inflammatory diseases involving connective tissue turnover and cellular hyperplasia. PMID- 6686614 TI - The Grafenberg spot and female ejaculation: a review of initial hypotheses. AB - A controversial set of hypotheses have been proposed as an explanation for nonvulval (i.e., nonclitoral) orgasms in women. First, women have a small sensitive area in the anterior wall of the vagina (the Grafenberg spot) which seems to trigger these "deeper" orgasms. Second, stimulation of this area may be associated with ejaculatory response during orgasm. Investigation of these hypotheses was conducted under laboratory conditions in an effort to assess their validity. Eleven women, six of whom claimed to be "ejaculators," were examined by two gynecologists. Gynecologists found an area similar to other descriptions of the Grafenberg Spot in four of the 11 women. It was not found more in ejaculators than nonejaculators. Examination of the ejaculate of six women failed to detect elevated levels of prostatic acid phosphatase and the substance appeared similar in biochemical properties to urine. A number of alternative explanations for the failure to confirm the hypotheses are offered. PMID- 6686615 TI - Learning deficits on avoidance task and hippocampal lesions in area CA3 following intraperitoneal administration of 3-acetylpyridine. AB - Young adult mice of the ddN-F26 strain were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) at a dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight. Two weeks after this treatment, learning on avoidance task was tested with a training apparatus called a jump-box. Each mouse was subjected to 30 trials of training per week for 3 or 4 weeks. Contrasted to untreated mice, the mean performance of the 3-AP-treated mice on avoidance training was significantly reduced in every weekly training session. However, since the learning scores of individual 3-AP treated mice were highly varied, these mice were divided into several groups according to the characteristics of their learning patterns in order to analyze the relationships between learning ability and brain damage. It was found that there was a close association between the rate of learning deficits and the degree of destruction of the pyramidal cells in area CA3 of the hippocampus in mice treated with 3-AP. The present data suggest that the area CA3 neurons play an important role on the acquisition of avoidance task and memory formation. PMID- 6686616 TI - The cytopathology of middle ear effusions (a new technique). AB - This article describes a simple technique for the dissolution of the mucus elements within middle ear effusions and the subsequent separation of the cells contained. After the mucus and mucopolysaccharides within middle ear effusions have been dissolved, the cells can be separated allowing for absolute cell counts with automated counters, smears for examination with light microscopy and differential cell counts, and transmission electron microscopic examination of the cell population. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized in this study to evaluate the amount of cellular distortion and artifact that resulted from the separation of these cells from the middle ear effusions and to evaluate the relative status of preservation of these cells. The ability to preserve, count, and identify the cellular component of middle ear effusions will be of value in attempting to understand the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion. PMID- 6686617 TI - A review of cis-platinum ototoxicity. AB - A review of the ototoxic effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cis platinum) is presented. Cis-platinum impairs auditory function by preferentially destroying the outer hair cells of the organ of Corti in the basal turn of the cochlea. Hair cell loss in the vestibular labyrinth has also been observed. Auditory sequelae include tinnitus and/or hearing loss, both of which are usually reversible. The incidence of tinnitus in clinical studies is about 7%. Hearing loss is noted in about 69% of patients, usually in the 4,000-8,000 Hz range, although speech frequencies (1,000-4,000 Hz) may occasionally become involved. The hearing losses range from 15-65 dB, and only 7% of all patients complain of difficulty in understanding speech. A direct dose effect relationship does not appear to exist for either tinnitus or hearing loss. The onset of hearing loss, however, appears to be related to cumulative levels of the drug. Vestibular dysfunction has also been shown to be a side effect of therapy. Case management strategies are discussed. PMID- 6686620 TI - Diurnal variation in calcium-oxalate supersaturation level in normal and stone forming urine. PMID- 6686619 TI - [Diurnal variations in urinary components and their adjustment with creatinine]. PMID- 6686618 TI - Ultrastructure of the dinoflagellate Polykrikos. II. The nucleus and its connections to the flagellar apparatus. AB - Electron microscopy of the colonial dinoflagellate Polykrikos kofoidi revealed a nuclear cortex formed of two electron-dense cortical layers directly beneath the nuclear envelope. Nuclear pores were confined to vesicular outpocketings of the nuclear envelope over circular discontinuities in the cortical layers. A conspicuous fibrous ribbon extended from the nucleus to the flagellar apparatus of each zooid. The ribbons resembled in their structure and position the attractophores of termite flagellates. Each flagellar apparatus consisted of two flagella, two elongate axial kinetosomes, an oblique kinetosome, and two roots of markedly different periodicities. PMID- 6686621 TI - Diurnal variations of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in normal and calcium oxalate stone-forming urine. PMID- 6686622 TI - [Influence of genetic factor and cigarette smoking on bronchial mucociliary clearance]. PMID- 6686625 TI - [Synchronous medullary cancer of the thyroid]. PMID- 6686623 TI - [Urethral pressure profile in anesthetized and decerebrated dogs]. AB - The urethral pressure profile (UPP) was studied and compared in anesthetized and decerebrated dogs. The maximum urethral closure pressure (UPmax) was measured in various procedures. In anesthetized dogs UPmax was 70.9 +/- 22.9 cmH2O (mean +/- S.D.) in control, 40.2 +/- 16.4 cmH2O in laparotomy and 26.5 +/- 12.5 cmH2O in resection of pubic bone. As procedures were added, UPmax decreased, and the shape of UPP in anesthetized dogs showed remarkable change. In decerebrated dogs UPmax was 96.9 +/- 14.9 cmH2O in control, 77.5 +/- 28.0 cmH2O in decerebration, 78.1 +/ 7.0 cmH2O in 3 hours after decerebration, 79.0 +/- 6.8 cmH2O in laparotomy and 49.6 +/- 7.0 cmH2O in resection of pubic bone. UPP in decerebrated dogs generally kept its shape in various procedures and UPmax showed no change before and after laparotomy. Therefore, decerebrated dogs were considered to be useful for the experimental model of UPP. PMID- 6686624 TI - [Treatment of complications of cancer of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 6686626 TI - [Combined treatment of leiomyoma of the iris]. PMID- 6686627 TI - [Staphylococcal endocarditis and severe changes in coagulation in a heroin addict]. PMID- 6686628 TI - [Metoclopramide and cisplatin]. PMID- 6686629 TI - [Breakfast causing severe recurrent arrhythmia]. PMID- 6686630 TI - [Thrombotic thrombopenic purpura (a report on our first experience with 3 patients)]. PMID- 6686631 TI - Hypersensitivity of the opioid-tolerant guinea pig ileum to electrical stimulation after abrupt agonist removal. AB - Studies were initiated on the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig ileum to ascertain whether a supersensitive response by abrupt withdrawal could be elicited after tolerance development to opioids. After an optimal twitch response to a given electrical stimulus was established and its height measured, the mean concentration of an opioid to inhibit half maximally the response (IC50) was determined. Subsequently, the tissues were rendered tolerant by incubating with 1x to 5x the IC50 of the agonist for two hours. The agonist was then removed by thorough washing with Ringer solution and the twitch height to the same electrical stimulation was remeasured. The increase in twitch height after washing over that before incubation provided an index of the degree of hypersensitivity of the tolerant-dependent tissue. The degree of hypersensitivity was found to increase in relation to the concentration of morphine. Stereo specificity of agonist action was evinced by a hypersensitive response to levorphanol and not to dextrorphan. The development of hypersensitivity was blocked by naloxone and by chloramphenicol. Ethylketocyclazocine, a k ligand, did not show a hypersensitivity response. It is concluded that physical dependence on u-opioids can be developed in vitro and that it can be quantified by a super sensitivity response. PMID- 6686632 TI - Systemic and intracerebroventricular effects of opioid peptides in withdrawn morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys. AB - The effects of the degradation-resistant enkephalin analogs FK 33-824 and metkephamid were determined after systemic and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration in withdrawn morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys. Both peptides suppressed completely signs of 12-hr morphine deprivation, as does the prototype mu-receptor agonist morphine. The peptides were 100 and 2000 times more potent, respectively, after i.c.v. than s.c. injection. Thus, although peptidase resistant, these compounds have restricted entrance into the central nervous system after systemic administration. The i.c.v. administration of compounds in rhesus monkeys should prove to be a valuable tool in the study of peptide ligands for opiate receptors. PMID- 6686634 TI - Naloxone-precipitated abstinence in mice, rats and gerbils acutely dependent on morphine. AB - Acute dependence on a single dose of morphine in mice, rats and gerbils was assessed by observing several signs of abstinence precipitated by various doses of naloxone, diprenorphine and Mr 2097. In mice and rats acutely dependent on morphine, naloxone, diprenorphine and Mr 2097 precipitated dose-dependently the signs of abstinence such as jumping, urination, teeth chattering, chewing, paw shakes, head shakes and ptosis. In these two species, the precipitation of these signs were mediated by stereospecific opiate receptors, as Mr 2096, the non antagonistic isomer of Mr 2097, did not precipitate any of them. In gerbils acutely dependent on morphine, naloxone precipitated urination, teeth chattering, chewing, paw shakes, head shakes, "wet dog" shakes, yawning and writhing. In naive animals of all three species, the opioid antagonists produced varying degrees of "abstinoid" signs. The precipitated withdrawal might be the result of "abstinoid" effects superimposed on real abstinence signs. High doses of naloxone and diprenorphine showed a regression of "abstinoid" signs probably because of interfering morphinomimetic properties. The present data indicate that these three rodents may be successfully employed in the rapid identification of drugs to produce morphine-like dependence or to precipitate withdrawal. PMID- 6686635 TI - Assaying addiction liability of opioids. AB - A number of procedures are available to assess an opioid's capacity to be positively reinforcing, but each has limitations that could lead to the false conclusion of no addiction potential. The recently developed conditioned place preference (CPP)-test, however, overcomes some of these limitations. Diprenorphine can be used to establish a CPP indicating it has an unsuspected capacity to elicit positive affect. Since diprenorphine antagonizes opioid analgesia and elicits signs of positive affect, the conclusion is confirmed that opioid analgesia and opioid's capacity to be positively reinforcing are separable. PMID- 6686633 TI - Morphine tolerance and withdrawal in capsaicin--pretreated rats. AB - Thermoregulatory reactions to warm exposure and naloxone treatment, as well as behavioral reactions to morphine withdrawal, were recorded in morphine tolerant rats after capsaicin pretreatment. Enhanced behavioural reactions to morphine withdrawal were found in capsaicin pretreated rats, although no differences in degree of withdrawal hypothermia were seen. Morphine tolerant rats displayed increased thermal tolerance; this was partially prevented by capsaicin pretreatment. The results provide further evidence concerning the interference of neural mechanisms sensitive to capsaicin and opiates. PMID- 6686636 TI - Does morphine withdrawal produce brain damage in rats? AB - Behavioral and neuropathological studies of morphine withdrawal in rats made dependent on the narcotic and precipitated with intracerebral and systemic naloxone or withholding the drug were performed. Unilateral injection of naloxone hydrochloride in the dose of 10 micrograms into the amygdaloid complex elicited severe withdrawal signs including jumping, wet dog shakes, paw tremor, diarrhoea and gustatory automatisms whereas microinjections of naloxone (10 micrograms) into the dorsal hippocampus resulted in severely less pronounced withdrawal behaviors. Histological examination of frontal forebrain sections by light microscopy did not reveal any neuropathological alterations within the brains of rats either dependent on morphine or in those in which morphine withdrawal was precipitated with naloxone or by abrupt termination of morphine intake. The negative finding of the present study does not necessarily mean that there is no relationship between morphine withdrawal and brain damage. PMID- 6686637 TI - Megadoses of vitamin C prevent the development of tolerance and physical dependence on morphine in mice. AB - In mice ascorbate, when co-administered with morphine, suppresses the development of tolerance and physical dependence on the drug, without significantly affecting its analgesic properties as inferred from unaltered ED50 values. The duration of morphine-induced analgesia, however, is progressively reduced with an increase in the amounts of ascorbate. Ascorbate at 1g/kg body weight does not alter the pH of blood, and has no effect on the levels of lipid-peroxides in blood and brain. Studies presented in this paper suggest the potential use of ascorbate in the prevention of development of tolerance in therapeutic applications of narcotics as analgesics. Cultured Neuroblastoma X Glioma hybrid cells (NG 108-15) respond to opiates in two different ways. The rapid receptor mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase is followed by a long-lived compensatory increase in its activity (1-4). In a recent report (5) we have shown that ascorbate suppresses the delayed etorphine-induced compensatory increase in cAMP levels in NG 108-15 cells without affecting the short-term inhibitory response of cells to the drug. It has been suggested that while the former may be the basis of narcotic dependence and tolerance, the latter is responsible for the analgesic effect. These observations, based on a model system, prompted us to examine the effect of ascorbate on the pharmacological properties of morphine at the organismal level. PMID- 6686639 TI - Stress-related changes of opiate sensitivity in thermoregulation. AB - Body temperature reactions to morphine were tested in freely-moving adult rats reared without any previous experience to human handling. These animals reacted to 8 mg/kg morphine s.c. with a biphasic hypo-hyperthermic response. When the rats had been handled for six days, the same dose of morphine induced a monophasic hyperthermic reaction. The results are regarded as evidence that stress-related factors interfere with the thermoregulatory effects of morphine. PMID- 6686638 TI - Hyper- and hypothermia induced by non-noxious stress: effects of naloxone, diazepam and gamma-acetylenic GABA. AB - Rats subjected to non-noxious, anxiogenic stressors were found to exhibit either hyperthermia or hypothermia depending on the nature of the stressor. The present work examines the effects of naloxone (Nx), diazepam (DZP) and gamma-acetylenic GABA (AcG), an inhibitor of GABA catabolism, on these phenomena. Nx reduced stress hyperthermia and basal temperature by similar amounts; it did not affect stress hypothermia. DZP also reduced basal Tb but was able to completely inhibit and even reverse stress hyperthermia and to reduce stress hypothermia. The effects of AcG were similar to those of DZP. In conclusion, it appears that endogenous opioids are not involved in the thermic responses to our emotional stressors whereas GABA would be an important modulator. It is suggested that DZP, through a GABAergic link might inhibit the release of hyperthermic pituitary factors from the neurointermediate lobe and of hypothermic substances from the anterior lobe. PMID- 6686640 TI - Is the brain histamine involved in cataleptogenic action of analgesics and haloperidol? AB - L-Histidine, histamine ivc, and amodiaquine (inhibitor of histamine catabolism) enhanced catalepsy induced by morphine, codeine and fentanyl. Haloperidol catalepsy was increased only by ivc histamine. H1 (but not H2) receptor antagonists have shown anticataleptic effect in the action of analgesics and haloperidol. PMID- 6686642 TI - Effects of naloxone and Mr 1452 on stress-induced changes in nociception of different stimuli in rats. AB - The effects of naloxone and Mr 1452 on nociceptive responding to heat and pressure following restraint stress were examined. Thresholds for heat and pressure were determined using standard tail immersion and paw pressure tests. Restraint produced significant analgesia to heat but hyperalgesia to pressure. Naloxone reduced this heat analgesia but had no effect on stress-induced hyperalgesia to pressure. Mr 1452 also attenuated the heat analgesia but in contrast to naloxone it potentiated the hyperalgesia to pressure. These results suggest a differential involvement of mu- and k-opioid systems in the mediation of stress-induced changes in nociception. PMID- 6686643 TI - Stereospecific analysis of triglycerides of Glycine max, Glycine soya, Avena sativa and Avena sterilis strains. AB - A rapid method for the stereospecific analysis of triglycerides based on enzymatic hydrolysis on thin layer plates was applied to a number of Glycine max, Glycine soya, Avena sativa and Avena sterilis strains. The percentage of each fatty acid on the sn-1-, sn-2- and sn-3-positions was linearly related to the total percentage of the fatty acid in the triglyceride. Large deviations from the common triglyceride pattern were not found. PMID- 6686641 TI - Similar effects of an enkephalin analog on mesolimbic dopamine release and hyperactivity in rats. AB - The effect of the metabolically stable enkephalin pentapeptide analog, D-Ala2-D Pro5-enkephalinamide monoacetate (DAP) (WY 42, 186) was studied on amphetamine induced hyperactive behavior and on dopamine release from tuberculum olfactorium in male, Sprague-Dawley rats. The behavioral results showed that D-Ala2-D-Pro5 enkephalinamide monoacetate did not significantly alter hyperactivity, the mesolimbic component of amphetamine-induced stereotypy. In vivo electrochemical evidence, derived from catecholamine sensitive electrodes, showed that the D-Ala2 D-Pro5-enkephalinamide monoacetate did not significantly alter dopamine release from the tuberculum olfactorium, a mesolimbic terminal brain region. The similarity in the behavioral and biochemical responses of dopamine to the enkephalinamide analog suggests that the behavior and biochemistry may be subserved by similar underlying neural mechanisms. PMID- 6686644 TI - [The ajmaline test in the association of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the pre excitation syndrome]. PMID- 6686646 TI - [Comparative study of the pullulans synthesized by Pollularia (Aureobasidium) pullulans strains of different ploidies]. AB - Pullularia pullulans strains of different ploidy synthesize pullulans similar in their characteristics to those described in literature. These are glucans whose glucose residues are linked with alpha(1 leads to 4) and alpha(1 leads to 6) bonds in the proportion of 2.2:1. The pullulans differ from one another in their water solubility, molecular mass and in the ability to be cleaved by alpha amylase and dextranase. The minor structural modifications of pullulan molecules in the polyploid strains as compared to the pullulan synthesized by the parent haploid culture are caused, apparently, by mutations induced with mitotic poisons. PMID- 6686649 TI - [Successful isoniazid therapy of athetotic syndrome]. PMID- 6686645 TI - [Effect of night-shift work on selected physiological indicators in power plant workers]. AB - Ninety-two workers of Thermal-electric Power Station have been examined. The subjects have been classified into three age-dependent groups: 21-30, 31-40 and over 40 years. Each of the subjects has undergone tests of selected physiological indices before and after the night shift. The examinations included: body temperature measurement, pulse rate, respiration rate, arterial blood pressure. The measurements promoted calculation of: Kerdo's index pulse respiration rate, mean arterial pressure, stroke and minute volumes. Changes in physiological indices due to night work have been compared in particular age groups by the "t" Student test for two mean values of small samples. The night work results in hypertonia of the vegetative parasympathetic system which is consistent with the circadiem rhythmicity of human physiological functions. The 21-30 years age group exhibits strong excitation of the vegetative sympathetic system due to great nervous and emotional tension accompanying operators' work. PMID- 6686648 TI - Chronic L-dopa treatment of rats and mice does not change the sensitivity of post synaptic dopamine receptors. AB - The effects of L-Dopa + benserazide (L-Dopa + B) treatment on pre- and postsynaptic dopamine (DA) receptors were studied. Mice treated once daily P.O. with L-Dopa (200 mg/kg) + B (50 mg/kg) or vehicle for 10 days were used on the 11th day. After premedication with reserpine and alpha-methyltyrosine (alpha-MT), apomorphine (0.5-2.0 mg/kg) produced locomotor stimulation which was of equal intensity in the 3 treatment groups, even when the treatment dose of L-Dopa was increased to 400 mg/kg per day. In contrast, low doses of apomorphine (0.1-0.5 mg/kg) produced locomotor depression in B- and vehicle-treated mice but not in L Dopa + B-treated mice. In rats treated I.P. twice daily with L-Dopa (200 mg/kg) + B (50 mg/kg), B (50 mg/kg) or vehicle for 12 days, apomorphine produced an equivalent degree of stereotypy on the 13th day in each of the 3 treatment groups. There were no treatment group differences in the binding of [3H] spiperone or [3H]-leu-enkephalin to rat striatal membranes. The data suggest that long-term L-Dopa + B treatment of mice and rats does not change the sensitivity of postsynaptic DA receptors but may affect the sensitivity of DA autoreceptors. PMID- 6686650 TI - Neonatal lead exposure in rats: I. Effects on activity and brain metals. AB - Upon parturition, Sprague-Dawley dams were administered 1.0 (LL), 2.5 (ML), 5.0 (HL) mg/ml of lead acetate or 1.25 mg/ml sodium acetate (C) in their drinking water. Pups were weaned to tap water at 22 days of age. The developmental pattern of neonatal activity was characterized by monitoring spontaneous activity of single pups for 30 minutes on days 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22, and for one hour in adults. Brains were removed at weaning for subsequent analyses of lead, zinc, and copper. The effects of lead on neonatal activity were considered to be minor because only the ML group differed significantly from C and exhibited hyperactivity on day 16. Adult activity levels, however, were decreased in a dose dependent fashion. At 22 days of age, whole brain metal analyses revealed a dose dependent increase in lead levels and a decrease in zinc. These results do not strongly support a hypothesis of lead-induced neonatal hyperactivity. PMID- 6686647 TI - [Ascospore formation in yeasts related to Torulopsis candida]. AB - Ascospore formation was found in the type strains Torulopsis famata (Harrison) Lodder et Kreger van Rij, T. minor (Pollaci et Nannizi) Lodder and Candida flareri (Ciferri et Redaelli) Langeron et Guerra. The names of these species should be considered as a synonym of Debaryomyces hansenii (Zopf) Lodder et Kreger van Rij. PMID- 6686651 TI - Slow learning in rats due to long-term inhalation of toluene. AB - Rats were exposed to toluene at the concentrations of 1,000, 4,000 and 7,000 ppm for 1 hr a day, 6 days a week for 6 months and a half; 154 days' exposure. Behavioral tests on a test battery were carried out after the termination of 154 days' exposure. The performance level of FR 1, extinction of the FR 30 schedule, wheel running activity, scores of open field test and body weight were not influenced. Slow acquisition of the timing behavior of the DRL 12 sec schedule in toluene-exposed rats was revealed: higher responses from the 1st session onwards, lower percent reinforced responses from the 1st session onwards and higher relative frequency of shorter interresponse-time (IRT) from the 9th to 12th sessions, respectively than those of the control rats. At the 33rd session onwards, the highest relative frequency of IRT of the DRL 12 sec schedule was at around 12 sec in all groups except one exposed group (7,000 ppm). PMID- 6686653 TI - Effect of naloxone and morphine on dopamine agonist-induced stereotypy in rats and guinea pigs. AB - Naloxone (0.80 mg/kg) and morphine (7.5 mg/kg) were given to rats or guinea pigs with increasing doses of amphetamine (0.5-6.0 mg/kg) to determine their respective effects on amphetamine-induced stereotypy. In contrast to the inhibiting and potentiating effect of these agents on apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior, naloxone enhanced and morphine markedly attenuated amphetamine-induced stereotypy. Since other investigators have reported that drugs inhibiting release of dopamine block amphetamine-induced stereotypy and enhance apomorphine-induced stereotypy, whilst compounds stimulating the release of dopamine potentiate amphetamine-induced stereotypy and inhibit apomorphine elicited stereotyped behavior, it is likely that naloxone stimulates and morphine inhibits the release of DA following their acute administration. PMID- 6686652 TI - Activation of locus coeruleus neurons in the rat by a benzazocine derivative (UM 1046) that mimics opiate withdrawal. AB - The drug UM 1046 (N-cyclopropylmethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-3 benzazoc ine), administered to opiate-naive monkeys, produces certain behavioral responses resembling antagonist-precipitated morphine withdrawal (Swain and Seevers, 1975). In the present study, UM 1046 (5.6 mg/kg, i.v.), administered to naive rats, produced a syndrome that consisted primarily of retching, chewing, teeth chattering, shaking and abnormal postures. It was of interest to determine whether UM 1046 had an effect on noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (NE LC) since increased activity of these cells has been reported to occur during antagonist-precipitated opiate withdrawal (Aghajanian, 1978) and after the administration of drugs that mimic this syndrome in normal animals. (i.e. methylxanthine phosphodiesterase inhibitors, Grant and Redmond, 1981). In the present study, UM 1046 (1.0-5.6 mg/kg, i.v.) caused a dose-dependent increase (of up to 200%) in the spontaneous discharge rate of noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus in rats anesthetized with halothane. The time-course of this effect was similar to the time-course of the behavioral syndrome described above. Stimulation of central muscarinic receptors is integrally involved in the response to this drug since the effects of UM 1046 (5.6 mg/kg) were antagonized by scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.), but not by methylscopolamine (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.). Unlike systemic administration, iontophoretic application of UM 1046 did not consistently increase the spontaneous discharge rate of these cells, indicating that the site of action of the drug may be outside the nucleus locus coeruleus. This study complements previous findings of increased activity in noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus during withdrawal-like behavior. In addition, the results are compatible with others which suggest that a cholinergic link is essential for the withdrawal-like actions of the benzazocine. PMID- 6686654 TI - Thermoregulatory effects of D-met2-pro5-enkephalinamide. AB - Changes elicited in the body temperature by subcutaneous injection of the synthetic D-met2-pro5-enkephalinamide (D-met2-pro5-EA) were studied in CFY rats. D-met2-pro5-EA in doses of 8, 20 and 40 mg/kg caused hyperthermia. If the animals were restrained, this hyperthermic effect was attenuated. Ten mg/kg naloxone completely prevented the elevation of body temperature. Previous administration of 300 mg/kg capsaicin in fractionated daily doses resulted in a facilitation of the hyperthermic reaction. In contrast to other opioids, hypothermia was never observed. Our observations support the concept of multiple opiate-sensitive mechanisms in thermoregulation. PMID- 6686655 TI - [A case of chorioepithelioma of the spleen]. PMID- 6686656 TI - [Relation between severe asphyxia and birth order in twin pregnancy]. PMID- 6686657 TI - Dendritic spine plasticity and chronic alcoholism in rats. AB - Alcohol consumption in rats leads to degenerative changes in the cerebellar cortex (described elsewhere). Purkinje cells show a loss of dendritic spines, but some of the intact spines elongate to 3-4 times their normal length. This is postulated as a plastic change resulting from the degeneration of the original axon terminal contact with a consequent elongation of the spine 'in search of' and finally synapsing with still viable parallel fibre terminals in the vicinity. Under these conditions the circuitry is radically altered. PMID- 6686659 TI - Health care for elderly challenges physicians. PMID- 6686658 TI - Prevention best cure for bad legislation. PMID- 6686660 TI - Choosing a partner without trauma. PMID- 6686662 TI - Medical therapy of peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 6686661 TI - Drugs for treating arthritis. PMID- 6686663 TI - Newer antibiotics: implications for clinicians. PMID- 6686665 TI - Recognition and treatment of sexual disorders. PMID- 6686664 TI - Advances in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6686666 TI - Drug systems approach to hypertension. PMID- 6686667 TI - Neuroma pain model: correlation of motor behavior and body weight with autotomy in rats. AB - A rat pain model was investigated by examining the correlation of autotomy (self mutilation) score with motor behavior and body weight change after sciatic nerve transection, encapsulation and neuroma formation. Observations of motor behavior and body weight changes (e.g. feeding behavior) as an index of pain were considered to have several advantages over scoring the degree of autotomy. Motor activity of 14 rats (12 neuroma, 2 sham), measured using a stabilimeter, was compared on a weekly basis to autotomy scores for a total of 7 weeks after surgery. Additionally, body weight of 26 rats (20 neuroma, 6 sham surgery) was monitored for 4 weeks following surgery. While autotomy, changes in body weight and abnormalities in motor behavior were observed after surgery, no significant Spearman rank correlation coefficients were determined for any week and thus no significant relationships were found between autotomy score and motor activity or body weight. However, it was observed that rats after sham surgery gained significantly more weight than rats after sciatic nerve transection. Therefore, these results cast doubt on the validity of autotomy score as the sole index of pain. PMID- 6686669 TI - [Infection of an infant by a mother with tuberculous suppurative changes in the breasts]. PMID- 6686668 TI - [Effect of stress experienced before pregnancy on the reproductive ability of the rat and the condition of the progeny]. PMID- 6686670 TI - [A case of incomplete amelia]. PMID- 6686671 TI - Effect of middle ear pathology on selected psychoeducational measures following surgical treatment. AB - 24 children surgically treated for pathology of the middle ear and 24 matched control children having histories without problems with ears or school were compared on the Slosson Intelligence Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the Block Design subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Form R, the Spelling subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test, the Spelling and Reading Recognition subtests of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test, and the Goldman Fristoe-Woodcock Test of Auditory Discrimination. The surgical group scored similarly to the control children on six of the eight tests, but significantly lower on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the Block Design subtest of the Wechsler scale. Longitudinal research comparing similar groups of children is recommended. PMID- 6686672 TI - The lack of post-synaptic responses following stimulation of the sympathetic fibres supplying the costo-uterine muscle of the guinea-pig. AB - The presence of numerous adrenergic nerve fibres in the costo-uterine muscle of the guinea-pig has been confirmed in this study and it has been demonstrated that these originate predominantly from the ovarian nerve. It has been shown that the smooth muscle cells of the costo-uterine muscle possess adrenoceptors, however electrical stimulation of the ovarian perivascular bundle or transmural stimulation of the tissue failed to elicit a postjunctional response that could be attributed unequivocally to release of adrenergic transmitter. PMID- 6686673 TI - A modified nucleoside located in the anticodon of proline tRNA from Torulopsis utilis is 5-carbamoylmethyluridine. AB - A modified nucleoside has been isolated from the first position of the anticodon of Torulopsis utilis tRNAPro. It was identified to be an uridine derivative, 5 carbamoylmethyluridine from analyses of its UV, 1H-NMR, and secondary ion mass spectra. PMID- 6686674 TI - Enzymatic replacement of nucleotide sequences in the D-loop of T. utilis tRNATyr and its effect on aminoacylation. AB - An efficient method for replacement of nucleotide sequences in the D-loop of T. utilis tRNATyr has been developed. An abnormal tRNATyr lacking in tetranucleotide D16-D-Gm-G19 in its D-loop has been reconstructed by this method and shown to accept tyrosine to about 55% of the aminoacylation level observed for intact tRNATyr. This suggests that the deleted sequence itself is not essential for recognition by TyrRS but a conformational instability of the tRNA possibly caused by the disruption of tertiary interactions between the D-loop and T psi C-loop might have influenced the forward reaction rate leading to the decreased level of aminoacylation. PMID- 6686676 TI - Cataleptogenic effect of haloperidol, chlorpromazine and morphine in developing rats. AB - The intensity of catalepsy produced by haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (10 mg/kg) and morphine (20 mg/kg) given ip was tested in male Wistar rats of age between 3 weeks and 6 months. The cataleptic response was most expressed in the youngest animals, and decreased with age. The results indicate that young rats show higher reactivity of central dopaminergic receptors to the investigated drugs. PMID- 6686677 TI - Neural tube (canal) morphogenesis in notochordless amphibian (Xenopus laevis) embryos. AB - Neural tube (canal) morphogenesis was examined in embryos which exhibited notochord defects. Embryos which displayed a range of notochord defects were produced by either ultraviolet irradiation or cold shock treatments. Both treatments produced similar results. The neural canal appeared normal in morphology and internal ciliation in many of the embryos which contained severe notochord defects. PMID- 6686675 TI - Further studies on the role of noradrenergic mechanisms in ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats. AB - Ethanol dependence was induced in rats by intragastric administration of ethanol. Clonidine (0.1 mg/kg ip) suppressed withdrawal reaction while yohimbine (2.5 mg/kg ip) produced an opposite effect. Propranolol (2.0 mg/kg ip) reduced withdrawal convulsions but not locomotor hyperactivity while prazosin (1.0 mg/kg ip) attenuated only the latter symptom. Electrolytic lesions in the ventral noradrenergic bundle slightly increased locomotor activity in ethanol-dependent rats but failed to change the convulsions. Our result indicates that drugs acting upon alpha and beta adrenoceptors are able to reduce the severity of certain withdrawal reactions in ethanol-dependent rats. PMID- 6686679 TI - Replication, methylation, and expression of X laevis globin genes injected into fertilized Xenopus eggs. AB - In the South African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis, the tadpole alpha-globin gene (alpha T1) and the major adult alpha- and beta-globin genes (alpha 1 and beta 1) are linked in the genome in the order alpha T1-alpha 1-beta 1. We show that cloned DNA fragments containing the Xenopus globin genes are replicated after injection into newly fertilized Xenopus eggs, reaching a maximal copy number at gastrulation. The DNA initially replicates as supercoils, but later it is found in a high-molecular-weight form, comigrating with the chromosomal DNA. In contrast to what has been found in mouse eggs, DNA does not become methylated when injected into Xenopus eggs. If, however, DNA is methylated in vitro before injection, methyl groups are retained through replication with a high efficiency. Both the adult alpha 1- and beta 1-globin genes are transcribed from their correct promoters in early embryonic stages, but the amount of transcription is relatively low and decreases in parallel with the decline in the amount of DNA retained in the embryo. PMID- 6686678 TI - Structure and expression of foreign globin genes in transgenic mice. PMID- 6686680 TI - Anti-K562 monoclonal antibodies that recognize antigens on immature hematopoietic cells. PMID- 6686681 TI - Abundance and structure of globin mRNA in K562 human leukemia cells. AB - K562 cells can be reversibly induced by hemin to accumulate embryonic and fetal hemoglobins. The increase in individual globin mRNAs accompanying induction was measured by isolation and in vitro translation of poly A+ RNA from both control and induced cells. epsilon-Globin mRNA showed the greatest increase (threefold) with hemin induction, followed by zeta greater than gamma greater than alpha. These results were corroborated by measuring steady-state mRNA concentrations by a recently developed S1 nuclease mapping procedure. Changes in epsilon-, gamma-, and alpha-globin levels parallel the changes measured by in vitro translation. S1 nuclease mapping studies revealed that epsilon-, gamma-, and alpha-globin transcripts were correctly initiated and processed. In addition, correctly initiated and processed delta-globin transcripts were detected at low levels, increasing 1.5-fold following hemin induction. However, no beta-globin transcripts could be detected by this sensitive and specific assay. The beta globin gene may be under developmental control in K562 cells, and this cell line may therefore provide a unique assay system for molecules involved in globin gene regulation. PMID- 6686682 TI - Furosemide biotransformation in a premature infant: urinary excretion of furosemide and its glucuronide metabolite. PMID- 6686683 TI - Short term augmentation of amphetamine-induced rotation bias. AB - Using measures of stereotypy such as rearing, licking, and chewing, low dosage administration of amphetamine can be shown to produce increased stereotypy over a period of days. In the present study amphetamine-induced perservation was observed in two sessions when rotational behaviors were used as a behavioral measure. Rotational perseveration occurred in animals receiving both drug and testing experience in session one and session two. Animals receiving either drug or testing experience in session one did not show perseveration with drug and testing experience in session two. PMID- 6686684 TI - Differential effects of medium- and long-chain triglycerides on food intake of normal and diabetic rats. AB - Three experiments were performed to examine the effect of ingestion of medium- (MCT) and long-chain (LCT) triglyceride oils at the beginning of the normal feeding period on subsequent food intake of normal and diabetic rats. In the first experiment, diabetic rats reduced food intake more than normal animals in the first 6 hr after ingestion of 2.0 ml of MCT or LCT oil. In the second experiment, diabetic rats reduced food intake to a similar extent by 6 hr after ingestion of 1.5 ml of MCT or LCT oil, but the time course of this effect depended on the oil ingested. Ingestion of MCT oil produced a decrease in food intake within 2 hr, whereas ingestion of LCT oil reduced food intake 2-4 hr later. In the third experiment, a direct comparison was made of the differential time course of food intake suppression by MCT or LCT oil in both normal and diabetic rats. Diabetic rats decreased food intake after ingestion of 1.5 ml MCT or LCT oil, whereas normal rats did not. Again, in diabetic rats, ingestion of MCT oil produced a more rapid reduction in food intake than ingestion of LCT oil. It is proposed that the more pronounced reduction in food intake of diabetic rats after oil ingestion is due to a greater degree of hepatic oxidation of ingested fat, whereas the differential effect of MCT and LCT oil ingestion in diabetic rats is due to a differential rate of delivery of the ingested lipid substrate to the liver. PMID- 6686685 TI - Influence of isolation and training on fighting in mice with olfactory bulb lesions. AB - Isolation-induced aggressive mice receiving total bilateral bulbectomy failed to fight after chronic training. Animals receiving sub-total olfactory bulbectomy were capable of being trained to attack but the latency to attack was increased. When mice were bulbectomized before being isolated they were incapable of attack regardless of training or completeness of the lesion. These results indicated that isolation influences aggressive behavior in bilaterally bulbectomized mice. PMID- 6686686 TI - Reproductive suppression among female mammals: implications for biomedicine and sexual selection theory. AB - Female mammals experience a very high and often unappreciated rate of reproductive failure. Among human pregnancies alone, over 50 per cent fail between conception and parturition, and the majority of these failures are unexplained. These findings present important problems for evolutionary theory as well as for health care practices. This paper addresses these high rates of reproductive failure among mammals, by extending the work of a number of evolutionary biologists regarding the reproductive consequences of environmental adversity. The basic model upon which we elaborate, termed the Reproductive Suppression Model, argues that females can optimize their lifetime reproductive success by suppressing reproduction when future conditions for the survival of offspring are likely to be sufficiently better than present ones as to exceed the costs of the suppression itself. These costs are a function of reproductive time lost and the direct phenotypic effects of the suppression itself. To evaluate the benefits and costs of suppression, the following types of cues should be assessed: the female's physical and mental health, her stage of reproduction, the physical and genetic status of her offspring, and the external conditions at the time of birth. We also examine various issues of social suppression, whereby the conditions for survival of offspring are a function of the reproduction and support of other group members. Under such conditions, some females may be able to improve current conditions for reproduction by suppressing the reproduction of others. Field data from our own work are presented, describing socially mediated reproductive competition among continuously breeding female yellow baboons and among female hoary marmots. Social suppression in other mammals is also evaluated, including that in human beings, and we conclude with some implications of the Reproductive Suppression Model for sexual selection theory regarding female-female reproductive competition, as well as human health care. PMID- 6686687 TI - Possible control by oxytocin of periodical and synchronous neurosecretory bursts of oxytocin cells. PMID- 6686688 TI - Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in malignant transformation by viruses and in cellular growth control. PMID- 6686689 TI - GABA and feeding: reversal of overeating by central GABA-transaminase inhibition. AB - Past literature is reviewed briefly which suggests that variations in brain GABA metabolism may be involved in the control of food intake in rats. Recent experiments from the author's laboratory are summarized in which brain GABA has been elevated in adult female rats by intracisternal injection of the GABA transaminase inhibitor, ethanolamine-O-sulfate (EOS). Central EOS pretreatment produced dose-dependent anorexia in normal subjects and prevented acute overeating in response to systemic insulin (12 U/kg) or 2-deoxyglucose (750 mg/kg). Similar EOS pretreatment essentially reversed the chronic overeating induced by diet palatability, bilateral medial hypothalamic lesions or genetic predisposition (in Zucker fatty rats). The ubiquity of these anorexic effects in the absence of clear motor debilitation suggests that drugs which elevate brain GABA deserve further investigation for their potential utility in the clinical treatment of overeating. PMID- 6686690 TI - Limbic control of aggression in the cat. AB - Over a decade of work by Flynn and colleagues has delineated a network of limbic circuits which function to modulate the expression of predatory aggression and defence in the cat, and aspects of this work are reviewed. In particular, Flynn's work revealed a circuit involving the basomedial amygdala which functions to suppress attack, and at the same time facilitates defence. A second circuit, involving the ventral hippocampus, is involved in attack facilitation. Studies relating stable differences in excitability in these two circuits to developmentally determined behavioural dispositions toward aggression or defence are summarized. Finally, the impact of experimentally induced limbic seizures on interictally maintained expression of aggression and defence behaviourally, and on limbic excitability are reviewed. Taken together, the data indicate that the behavioural balance of attack and defence is under the tonic control of opponent limbic circuits, which are themselves biased in a measureable manner. Developmental studies indicate that adult defensiveness is determined early in life, so early as to suggest some pre-programmed neuro-developmental process. Experimentally induced seizures alter behaviour lastingly, producing an increase in defensive disposition. At the same time there is an equally lasting potentiation of interictal transmission of neural activity from the amygdala to the hypothalamus. Moreover, seizures may reduce interictal transmission of activity through the ventral hippocampus by potentiating recurrent inhibition. These effects of seizures are of interest since seizures reproduce naturally occurring differences in limbic excitability seen in naturally defensive cats. PMID- 6686692 TI - Longitudinal instability of hormone responses in schizophrenia. AB - We have shown that SCZ patients show higher GH responses to APO than do normals but only on certain occasions when studied longitudinally. GH responses tend to be exaggerated at the time of relapse, and during remission may be blunted or exaggerated. Only patients who at some time demonstrate incoherent thinking and formed delusions, have exaggerated GH responses. Resting serum PRL varies in some patients much more than in normal controls and tends to decline to very low levels at the time of relapse. Several possible sources of variance remain to be controlled. However, it is tempting to infer that the instability of GH responses and resting PRL levels may signify instability in the regulation of these hormones by DA. PMID- 6686693 TI - Effects of light on human melatonin production and the human circadian system. AB - Bright artificial light appears to have similar effects in humans as in other species. Bright light may therefore be used as a clinical research tool and as a therapeutic modality for treating certain biological rhythm disorders. Melatonin production appears to be a particularly useful "biological marker" for the human endogenous circadian pacemaker and the effects of light. PMID- 6686691 TI - Correlative relationship between biochemical activity and aggressive behaviour. AB - Correlative relationships were investigated between biogenic trace amines and histories of violence among offenders incarcerated in two federal penitentiaries. Plasma levels of unconjugated (U) and conjugated (C) trace acids (PAA, mHPA and pHPA) and platelet MAO activity to the substrates PE, TRYP and TA were assessed. A pilot study (N = 26) revealed a lower activity of MAO to TRYP among violent offenders. The factor analytically derived scale, Prison Disturbance, correlated with mHPA (U) .77 (p less than .001), mHPA(C) -.42 (p less than .05) and PAA (U) .37 (p less than .10), controlling for time incarcerated. In the principal investigation (N = 103), PAA(C) (p less than .01), pHPA (U) (p less than .05) levels, and MAO activity to TRYP (p less than .05) were lower among violent offenders. Factor scores of biochemical activity produced even more significant results. However, when these results were cross validated with data from the pilot study, only minimal relationships were maintained. PMID- 6686694 TI - Some thoughts on the relations between animal and human drug-taking. AB - Results of studies of drug self-administration have frequently been suggested as indicators of the potential for abuse of these drugs by humans. Historical data (pre 1970), although scant, supported this suggestion for drugs such as morphine and ethanol that served as reinforcers in both human and non-human experimental subjects. More recent information indicated that, while the correlation between human and non-human drug self-administration may be high, there are apparently, occasional exceptions. In the narcotic analysis and antidepressant classes of pharmacological compounds, there are drugs that maintain high response rates in animals, but have not yet been shown to result in significant abuse problems in man. Various methodological issues, related to the general proposition and the exceptions to it are discussed. PMID- 6686695 TI - Strategies for studying the neurochemical substrates of drug reinforcement in rodents. AB - Results from three different experimental paradigms for studying drug reinforcement are reviewed. Rate-increasing effects of amphetamine on intracranial self-stimulation are abolished by lesions to ascending dopamine neurons. Rate-increasing effects of intracranial microinjection of opioids on self-stimulation are localized to the vicinity of dopamine cell bodies in the ventral tegmentum. Conditioned reinforcement produced with intracranial microinjection of opioids into the ventral tegmental area is blocked by the dopamine antagonist haloperidol and lesions to ascending dopamine pathways. Intravenous self-administration of cocaine is blocked by intracerebral microinjection of spiroperidol into the nucleus accumbens but not into the caudate nucleus. Ascending dopamine neurons appear to mediate some of the reinforcing properties of both psychomotor stimulants and opioids. PMID- 6686696 TI - Conditioned and unconditioned drug effects in relapse to opiate and stimulant drug self-adminstration. AB - Humans and laboratory animals given access to opiate and stimulant drugs frequently become compulsive users of these drugs, and often, in spite of prolonged periods of abstinence, persist in drug-seeking behavior and relapse to drug-taking. Evidence suggests that such drugs act on positive appetitive systems of the brain to maintain drug-taking and that, in the absence of drugs, stimuli previously associated with the drug state might acquire the ability to arouse motivational states similar to those activated by the drugs themselves. In rats previously trained to self-administer cocaine or heroin intravenously, noncontingent 'priming' intravenous infusions of cocaine or heroin lead to reinstatement of drug-taking behavior. Priming infusions of pharmacologically related drugs and drugs with similar stimulus properties also reinstate responding. Application of morphine to the cell body region of dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a site known to support morphine self-administration, reinstates both heroin and cocaine self-administration behavior. Reinstatement is blocked by pretreatment with naltrexone. Morphine applied to several other brain areas rich in opiate receptors does not reinstate the behavior. Application of morphine to the VTA, a site known to support conditioned place preferences as well as self-administration, causes increased locomotion that is naloxone reversible. This locomotor activity shows sensitization upon repeated administration, an effect that is specific to the environment in which morphine is administered. Conditioned increases in activity are observed in the same environment. Neither conditioning nor sensitization develops when animals are pretreated with pimozide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686697 TI - Differential diagnosis of anxiety disorders. AB - The literature comparing panic disorder with natural fear, hypoglycemia, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, the hyperventilation syndrome, the mitral valve prolapse syndrome and partial complex seizures is briefly reviewed. Some features of each of these syndromes may clinically resemble panic disorder. It is concluded that: a) patients with panic disorder should be medically evaluated. b) the diagnosis of panic disorder should be based on a broad system, rather than on symptoms alone. c) diagnostic systems should include a category for "organic anxiety syndromes". PMID- 6686698 TI - A study of the catabolism of trace amines in mentally disordered individuals with particular reference to agoraphobic patients with panic attacks. AB - Platelet MAO activity toward several trace amine substrates and the plasma levels of some trace acids have been investigated. Compared to controls, the agoraphobic patients were found to have significantly increased MAO activity. The substrate specificity in some of the patients appeared to be altered. The plasma levels of p-HPA and m-HPA were significantly lower than those of the control groups. PMID- 6686699 TI - Assessment of agoraphobia and panic disorder. AB - Phobia and panic are defined by the measures used. Rating scales, diaries, global measures, physiological measures, behavioural assessment. Three fear systems: physiological, cognitive and behavioral. Concordance and discordance. Synchrony and desynchrony. The Behavioural Approach Test at the Calgary General Hospital. PMID- 6686700 TI - Type A and B monoamine oxidase in glial cells in long-term culture. AB - Monoamine oxidase (MAO) in astroglial primary cultures increased during cell development. The enzyme activity towards type B substrate was further enhanced in cultures treated with 0.25 mM dibutyl cyclic AMP (dBcAMP), although dBcAMP (1 mM) does not effect MAO activity in vitro. It has been estimated that the dBcAMP treated cultures contain 70% type A and 30% type B MAO, while in the untreated one, there was virtually only type A MAO. Following the application of Percoll density gradient centrifugation, MAO associated with different subcellular fractions was obtained. The dBcAMP treated fractions were slightly heavier than the untreated ones. PMID- 6686701 TI - Lymphocyte 3H-spiroperidol binding in schizophrenia: preliminary findings. AB - Binding of 3H-spiroperidol was determined in ten (10) unmedicated recently admitted and four (4) drug holiday schizophrenic patients to determine whether it could serve as a peripheral marker of central dopaminergic hyperactivity. Preliminary results indicate significantly increased binding but there is considerable intersubject variability. Displacement studies, the lack of stereospecificity and the necessity of having an intact lymphocyte do not indicate that this is binding to a dopamine receptor but rather an uptake phenomenon. PMID- 6686702 TI - Clinical effects of mianserin in endogenous depression and their relationship to drug plasma level. AB - This was a single-blind, open study undertaken to assess the antidepressant efficacy of mianserin, a new tetracyclic antidepressant in in-patients with major depression (DSM III). The relationship between steady state plasma levels and clinical response, and the predictability of steady-state mianserin plasma levels from a single point determination after an initial dose of the drug were also studied. There was remarkable clinical improvement as measured by the significant (P 0.001) reduction in mean HDRS scores after first week of active treatment which continued till day 28 when mean HDRS scores were reduced to about 50% of initial mean scores. There was a modest correlation (r = 0.623, n.s.) between the steady state levels of mianserin and the plasma concentration 12 hours after initial dose. No significant cardiovascular effect was noted throughout the course of treatment. Mianserin is a safe, efficacious antidepressant with minimal cardiovascular effects. Further clinical investigations of this new useful drug are recommended. PMID- 6686703 TI - Consequences of decreased brain serotonin in the pyridoxine-deficient young rat. AB - The concentrations of serotonin in various brain areas were significantly decreased in the pyridoxine-deficient young rat. There was no change in the concentration of dopamine. Both Bmax and Kd of [3H]serotonin binding to membrane preparations from cerebral cortex were increased in deficiency and were restored to normal upon pyridoxine supplementation. There was no change in [3H]spiroperidol binding to corpus striatal membrane preparations in pyridoxine deficient rats. PMID- 6686704 TI - Some in vivo responses to a side chain monofluorinated amphetamine in the rat. AB - Mature male or female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with various doses (0.005, 0.027 and 0.05 mM/Kg) of (+) amphetamine sulfate or (+) alpha-fluoromethyl-beta-phenylethylamine hydrochloride. Core (rectal) body temperatures were measured at pretreatment and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes after treatment. Injection of (+)amphetamine resulted in increased body temperatures in all dose groups excepting males in the low dose (0.005 mM/kg) group after which temperatures returned to and remained at control levels. Injection of (+)alpha-fluoromethylphenylethylamine resulted in initially increased temperatures in all dose groups and at 180 minutes reduced temperatures in high dose males and in medium and high dose females. Hypothermia was not observed after treatment with (+)amphetamine. These results suggest that (+)alpha fluoromethyl-beta-phenylethylamine has chemical properties distinct from those of (+)-amphetamine. PMID- 6686705 TI - Metabolic fate of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DHPG) in mouse brain. AB - Mouse brain DHPG and MHPG turnover rates were estimated by determining their initial rates of disappearance or accumulation following MAO and/or COMT inhibition. Similar turnover estimates of brain DHPG were obtained following MAO or COMT inhibition, which were comparable to the estimated NE turnover obtained from its initial accumulation following MAO plus COMT inhibition. It was estimated that negligible amounts of DHPG were eliminated directly from brain, the majority being cleared through O-methylation. These findings indicate that mouse brain NE is primarily cleared through DHPG formation followed by O methylation, and also suggest that brain DHPG turnover is more indicative of NE turnover. PMID- 6686706 TI - The effects of beta-phenylethylamine on tyramine and dopamine metabolism. AB - The administration of deuterated beta-phenylethylamine to mice causes increased concentrations of deuterated para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and meta hydroxyphenylacetic acid within the caudate nuclei two hours after injection. Deuterated m-HPAA concentrations remain elevated at 4 hours. This suggests that high concentrations of PE stimulate synthesis of the tyramines and thus of their deaminated metabolites. Deuterated PE causes rapid increases in the concentrations of endogenous nondeuterated p-HPAA and m-HPAA. p-HPAA concentrations remain elevated two hours after PE administration. Thus PE mobilizes the tyramines and produces elevated concentrations of their deaminated products. PE injected into rats initially increases 3-MT concentrations in the caudate nuclei. DOPAC concentrations are elevated five minutes later followed by elevated HVA concentrations. DA synthesis is also stimulated. The PE dependent increase in DA release into the synaptic cleft (3-MT increases) and DA synthesis also appear to lead to increased intraneuronal DA metabolism (DOPAC increases). PMID- 6686707 TI - A simple and efficient method for solubilization of the dopamine receptor. AB - The solubilization of dopamine receptors from bovine caudates was carried out with different detergents and detergent-salt combination. 0.25 M cholic acid: 1 M NaCl combination solubilized more effectively than the other detergents used. Solubilized receptors demonstrated the similar affinity and specificity as the membrane receptors. Solubilized receptors satisfied all the criteria of solubilization. Solubilized receptors were highly stable at 4 degrees C and freezing at -70 degrees C. PMID- 6686708 TI - Chlordiazepoxide normalizes behaviour and adrenal response abnormalities in septal rats in a dose and time dependent fashion. AB - Rats lesioned in the septal nuclei display a dramatic syndrome characterized by hypoactivity in a novel environment, but exaggerated behavioural and corticosterone responses to environmental stimuli. These abnormal responses are normalized 2 hours following 15 mg/kg i.p. of chlordiazepoxide (Seggie, CCNP, 1980). The present study was undertaken to map the dose and time response characteristics of this effect and see if behaviour and corticosterone respond in parallel fashion. Chlordiazepoxide in doses of 7.5-30 mg/kg affected the hyperreactivity of septal rats is a 'U' shaped function without affecting the behaviour of non-lesioned rats. Corticosterone levels in non-lesioned rats were unaffected by chlordiazepoxide, while drug treated septal rats had corticosterone levels undistinguishable from non-lesioned control rats. The drug effects were transitory, maximal at 2 hours after injection, but absent as 48 hours after injection. General abnormalities of behaviour and corticosterone responsiveness were altered in parallel fashion by the drug, but some evidence of differences in sensitivity to the effect of the drug were noticed. Locomotion, was unaffected by the drug in lesioned and non-lesioned rats. The possibility of a GABA mechanism underlying the abnormalities of responsiveness, but not activity in septal rats is discussed. PMID- 6686709 TI - Levels of p-tyramine in rat brain after chronic administration of MAO-inhibiting antidepressants. AB - Groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected acutely or chronically with tranylcypromine (10 mg/kg i.p.) or phenelzine (15 mg/kg i.p.) and extracts of their brains were analyzed by electron-capture gas chromatography for concentrations of p-tyramine. Concentrations of p-tyramine were significantly higher than control levels at all time intervals with both drugs, but these increases showed different patterns with each drug. With tranylcypromine treatment, para-tyramine levels peaked at day 2; with phenelzine treatment they increased steadily over the time course, surpassing levels obtained in tranylcypromine experiments by day 8. PMID- 6686710 TI - Correlation of fluphenazine plasma levels versus clinical response in patients: a pilot study. AB - Five schizophrenic patients (diagnosed using Research Diagnostic Criteria) under treatment with intramuscular fluphenazine decanoate or oral fluphenazine dihydrochloride had serial plasma fluphenazine and plasma prolactin levels determined by a direct radioimmunoassay method. Clinical state was assessed utilizing the Global Assessment Scale and the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Neurological Rating Scale. There was no correlation between clinical state and plasma fluphenazine or prolactin levels. All patients under treatment with the depot preparation remained clinically stable with serum fluphenazine levels between 1 and 3 ng/ml. In one patient, who received an intramuscular dose of fluphenazine decanoate, plasma levels were determined using direct radioimmunoassay, extraction followed by radioimmunoassay and gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. There were good correlation between the three methods. PMID- 6686711 TI - Release of monoamines from striatal slices by phenelzine and beta phenylethylamine. AB - Slices of striatum obtained from control rats were incubated with 3H-serotonin (3H-5HT) or 14C-dopamine (14C-DA) in the presence of pargyline; then, they were subjected to a rapid transfer technique during which they were washed either with a normal Krebs buffer or one containing known quantities of phenelzine (PEH) or beta-phenylethylamine (PE). Both PEH and PE were able to stimulate releases of 3H 5HT and 14C-DA that were greater than control. More 14C-DA than 3H-5HT was released by both compounds. Much lower concentrations of PE than of PEH were required to stimulate monoamine release. Other rats were injected intraperitoneally with behaviourally effective doses of either PEH or PE and were killed at various times. The concentrations of PEH or of PE in the striata of these animals were very high 15 min after I.P. injection, but declined rapidly thereafter. These results may be interpreted to suggest that after I.P. injection, sufficient levels of PEH and PE were attained in the rat striatum to stimulate release of endogenous 5HT and DA. PMID- 6686712 TI - The effects of beta-phenylethylamine and phenylethanolamine on water intake in rats: a temporal analysis. AB - Male Wistar rats were adapted to a restricted access schedule of water intake. For each animal overall water intake (ml) and number of licks per minute were measured over the period of access to water. The effects of various doses of beta phenylethylamine and of phenylethanolamine were assessed in separate groups of animals. In terms of effects on overall consumption the two amines were equipotent in suppressing water intake. The local analysis revealed, however, that beta-phenylethylamine was more potent, but had a much shorter duration of action than phenylethanolamine. PMID- 6686714 TI - In vivo release of endogenous dopamine from rat caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens by 40 mM potassium chloride. AB - The resting and K+-stimulated release rates of endogenous dopamine (DA) have been measured in vivo at four different sites in the rat caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens. A push-pull cannula was inserted into the brain sites chosen, and the tissue was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing 2.6 or 40 mM KC1. The DA content of the perfusates was determined by a radioenzymatic procedure. DA release was significantly increased above unstimulated levels by 40 mM KC1 in all areas tested. Neither unstimulated nor K+-stimulated release rates varied significantly among the regions examined. K+-stimulated DA release was not significantly diminished by perfusing the tissue with calcium-free medium, suggesting that release was probably supported by residual amounts of calcium in the tissue. PMID- 6686717 TI - [2 cases of discrete subaortic stenosis]. PMID- 6686716 TI - Effect of dietary supplementation with stearic acid on the severity of myocardial lesions. AB - Histological studies were conducted on ventricular myocardium obtained from male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain after 16 weeks of feeding diets containing 20 per cent (w/w) soybean oil, low erucic acid rapeseed oil or high erucic acid rapeseed oil. Additional groups of rats were fed similar diets supplemented with up to 8 g/kg of tristearin. Increasing dietary intake of stearic acid normalised the plasma ratio of C16:0 to C18:0 for rapeseed oil treatments to ratios analogous to that observed for rats fed soybean oil. Tristearin supplementation did not have a significant effect on myocardial lesion incidence but decreased the severity of lesions observed for rapeseed oil treatments. PMID- 6686715 TI - Effect of combined haloperidol-lithium treatment on vitro RBC lithium uptake in patients with affective disorders. AB - Combined treatment with haloperidol and lithium is a frequently employed strategy for the treatment of acute psychoses. Although this combination regime is safe in most clinical situations, under certain circumstances it has resulted in neurotoxicity, with organic brain syndrome, and ultimately, in some patients, irreversible brain damage and death. Plasma lithium levels in these neurotoxic patients are generally within the clinically acceptable range of 0.7 - 1.5 mEq/l, but RBC-lithium levels, when reported are abnormally elevated. To account for these observations we hypothesized that in vivo haloperidol will alter the transport of lithium across the RBC membrane and thus cause an increase in RBC lithium levels. We report preliminary results from a study that tested this hypothesis by measuring RBC lithium transport in vitro, in patients treated with a) haloperidol only, b) haloperidol, followed by haloperidol and lithium, c) combined haloperidol and lithium. In eight manic depressive patients in vivo haloperidol alone, or in combination with lithium resulted in a statistically significant (p less than 0.0001) reduction of the in vitro RBC Li+ uptake values. These results are interpreted as supportive of our hypothesis, that in vivo haloperidol alters the transport of lithium across the RBC membrane, and this effect can be detected by the use of a sensitive in vitro test. Work is currently in progress to evaluate, whether the RBC Li+ transport alteration is due to a direct effect of the drug on the cell membrane or secondary to some circulating factor, and to extend these findings to a larger sample of patients. PMID- 6686713 TI - Amphetamine in rat brain after intraperitoneal injection of N-alkylated analogues. AB - Three N-alkylated analogues of amphetamine were administered intraperitoneally to male Sprague-Dawley rats and whole brain levels of amphetamine (AM) and the N alkyl analogue were determined one hour after injection of the N-alkylated compounds. The drugs administered were the N-2-cyanoethyl-(I) (fenproporex), the N-3-chloropropyl-(II) (mefenorex) and the N-n-propyl-(III) derivatives of AM: the first two of these are used clinically as anorexiants, and the latter has been used extensively to study aspects of metabolism of AM-like compounds. Analysis of AM, I, II and III was performed using electron-capture gas chromatography with a capillary column after reaction of compounds with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride under aqueous conditions. In a second comparative study, equimolar doses (0.05 mMole/kg) of I or AM were administered intraperitoneally to the rats and brain levels determined after one hour. Results indicate extensive N-dealkylation occurs for compounds I, II and III in the rat. PMID- 6686718 TI - Studies on proactivator from the paranasal mucous membrane in chronic sinusitis. AB - We succeeded in differentiating the proactivator (PA) in tissue extract of paranasal mucous membrane with chronic sinusitis by the gel filtration technique. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that PA in the tissue extracts of the paranasal mucous membrane with chronic sinusitis and antrochoanal polyp was unrelated to the antigenicity of plasminogen. In particular, it was clarified that the tissue extract of antrochoanal polyp as a source of PA was not related to the antigenicity of plasminogen. PMID- 6686720 TI - Atmospheric deposition of iron from mining activities in northern Ontario. AB - Samples of Sphagnum moss were collected at varying distances from two iron-mining and processing centres in northern Ontario, Canada--Atikokan and Sudbury--and analyzed for Fe. All samples were collected in ombrotrophic bogs which receive chemical inputs strictly from atmospheric deposition. Mosses from the Atikokan sites exhibited elevated concentrations of Fe up to 7352 mg kg-1 near the local sources, and declined exponentially with distance to lows of 1443 mg kg-1. Atikokan, a mining and ore-processing centre, caused elevated Fe levels up to 50 km distance from the town, while Sudbury exhibited a greater influence due to the tall stack there. At Sudbury, levels ranged from 2478 mg kg-1 near the town down to 382 mg kg-1 in remote sites. Results from these moss analyses were similar to those obtained from precipitation sampling of previous authors. PMID- 6686719 TI - [Serous otitis in children]. PMID- 6686721 TI - Estramustine: historical background and preclinical trials. PMID- 6686722 TI - [The incidence pattern of certain cancers in the RSA]. AB - The numbers of patients treated for seven types of carcinoma during 1977 at 10 hospitals in South Africa have been reviewed. The total number of patients admitted to the 10 hospitals in 1977 was 286 373. Slightly more than 1%, namely 3 409, of these patients suffered from carcinoma of the cervix, oesophagus, breast, lung, liver, stomach or colon. Carcinoma of the cervix was commonest among Black patients and carcinoma of the colon among Whites. The relative incidence of the different types of carcinoma among Whites was almost the opposite of the sequence among Blacks. PMID- 6686723 TI - Fibrinolytic activity of 6-keto-prostaglandin E1. PMID- 6686724 TI - Interaction of the plasma membrane with the cytoskeleton: an overview. AB - The intent of this review was to point out the diversity of cellular functions thought to be mediated by PM-cytoskeleton interactions. Based upon possible molecular mechanism, the functions were categorized into those involving PM proteins which are dispersed and those involving clustered proteins. Functions associated with dispersed proteins are thought to mediate the stabilization and shape of the PM. Clustering of PM proteins provides the driving force inducing their interaction with the cytoskeleton. Clustering by external ligands, pH or ionic exchanges, etc., is also a means of transmembrane signalling. Various methods used to explore cytoskeletal-PM mediated functions were evaluated. The methods were considered separately under biophysical, morphological and biochemical headings. This made it easier to point out current and potential values of the methods as well as their limitations. Each method taken separately is insufficient to elucidate molecular mechanisms regulating cytoskeletal-PM reactions, but combined they hold great promise of future solutions. PMID- 6686725 TI - Differentiation of the oocyte and nurse cells in an apterygote insect (Campodea). AB - Differentiated complexes of cystocytes in an apterygote insect (Diplura: Campodea sp.) are arranged in unbranched chains. Cystocyte lying approximately in the centre of a chain differentiate into the oocyte: two cells adjoining the oocyte and connected with it via cytoplasmic bridges develop into the 'intermediate cells'. Other cystocytes become typical 'nurse cells'. The intermediate cells are structurally transitional between oocytes and nurse cells. In this account, factors controlling the differentiation of oocytes and nurse cells are discussed. PMID- 6686726 TI - Cadmium toxicity: inducement of changes in blood and tissue metabolites in fish. AB - The effects of acute (24 h) and chronic (90 days) cadmium (Cd) poisoning on blood and tissue metabolite levels of a teleost, Puntius conchonius were studied. Significant hyperglycemia with an increment in liver, kidney and ovary cholesterol occurred during acute Cd poisoning. By contrast, an enduring hypoglycemia and diminished levels of tissue cholesterol manifested the chronically intoxicated fish. Both acute and chronic Cd poisoning, however, caused marked hypocholesterolemia, glycogenolysis in liver and brain, and a concomitant rise in myocardium glycogen concentration. Testes cholesterol was found to be depleted after both acute and chronic (60 days) Cd poisoning. PMID- 6686727 TI - Circumoval precipitin (COP) test in schistosomiasis with frozen Schistosoma mansoni eggs. AB - Frozen Schistosoma mansoni eggs were successfully employed in the circumoval precipitin (COP) test for schistosomiasis yielding results comparable with fresh eggs. This development may permit both standardization and kit production of the COP test. PMID- 6686728 TI - [Tympanometry and myringotomy findings in secretory otitis media]. PMID- 6686729 TI - [Comparison of endometrial biopsy technics using a sharp plastic curette (Accurette) or aspiration biopsy]. PMID- 6686732 TI - Proceedings of an International Conference on Veterinary Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics. Cambridge, Great Britain, 28 July to 1 August 1980. PMID- 6686731 TI - Synchronisation of oestrus and fertility in buffaloes with a progesterone releasing intravaginal device. PMID- 6686730 TI - Effect of repeated implantation with anabolic agents on growth rate, carcase weight, testicular size and behaviour of bulls. AB - The effects of implantation with different anabolic agents on growth rate, behaviour, carcase parameters and testicular size of bulls were evaluated in an experiment with 361 Friesian bulls about three months old on three farms. Animals were allocated to one of the following treatments: (a) Control; (b) repeated implantation with 36 mg zeranol at intervals of 95 to 124 days; (c) repeated implantation with 20 mg oestradiol benzoate plus 140 mg trenbolone acetate as in (b); (d) repeated implantation with 20 mg oestradiol benzoate plus 200 mg progesterone as in (b); (e) implanted once with 45 mg oestradiol-17 beta. Daily liveweight gain, carcase weight, testicular size and behaviour of the animals were the parameters measured. Repeated implantation of young bulls with hormones, beginning at eight to 10 weeks old, increases liveweight gain and carcase weight from 0 to 15 per cent, reduces aggressive behaviour and testicular size and, in some instances, improves conformation and increases fat cover of the carcase. PMID- 6686733 TI - Problems concerned with the development of new drugs for the livestock industry. PMID- 6686734 TI - [Effect of heavy metals and pesticides on the antigenic behavior of mastitis staphylococci isolated from cows and sheep]. AB - Evaluated was the effect produced by some heavy metals and pesticides on the antigenic behaviour of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cows and sheep with mastitis. The experiments were carried out with 9 strains, their antigenic structure being determined with the use of 16 factor sera prior to and after being gradually acted upon with lead acetate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, cadmium, and herbazin-50. It was found that under the effect of these chemical factors the capsule-resembling layer grew. In connection with this the staphylococci grew within the nutrient media, forming mucoid colonies. The serologic analysis revealed lower agglutinin ability due to the release of deeply set antigens. The growth of the capsular layer was associated with the increase in the virulence of staphylococci, which was established in the conditions of the practice on a dairy farm adjacent to a Copper producing Works. PMID- 6686736 TI - [Ectopic pregnancy after insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device]. PMID- 6686737 TI - [Zinc levels of maternal serum and umbilical venous blood in normal, small-for gestational age and large-for-gestational-age infants]. AB - The zinc concentration of the cord blood was measured in several thousand cases. 482 pregnant women were randomised and evaluated right after the delivery. The newborn's weight were normal in 241 cases, while 241 mothers delivered intrauterine retarded babys. The zinc concentration of the sera was significantly higher in this second group. Following the maternal serum zinc measurement the cord blood zinc concentration was established in 182 cases. The zinc content of the 91 intrauterine retarded newborn's cord blood was significantly lower than in their maternal sera respectively comparing the normal newborns with the retarded newborns the maternal serum zinc concentration was higher than the cord blood's. The 59 large-for-dates newborns (higher than 4 000 g) and the 56 normal newborns showed no difference either in the maternal or in the cord blood zinc concentration. PMID- 6686739 TI - [Clinical course of pregnancy and labor following in-vitro fertilization]. AB - Data of 11 pregnancies (1 twin-pregnancy - 12 deliveries) achieved by in-vitro fertilization and embryotransfer on infertile patients are reported. For most patients pregnancy was almost normal; 2 patients had threatened premature labour. In 5 cases there was evidence of moderate EPH-gestosis. In many of the women excessive weight gain was observed although estriol and human chorionic somatotrophin values were within the normal range. Intrauterine growth was normal according to echographic cephalometry. In 4 pregnancies delivery was by cesarean section after spontaneous onset of labour. All newborn babies were healthy and developed normally. The sex ratio was 7: 5 girls to boys (including one set of female twins). From fertilization the duration of the pregnancies was 265 +/- 5 days which corresponds with previous calculations based on the monitoring of ovulation. Calculated from implantation, presumably 5 days after fertilization, duration of pregnancy was 260 +/- 5 days. PMID- 6686738 TI - [Prognostic value of changes in the fundus oculi in EPH gestosis]. AB - We examined the ocular fundus in 100 unselected pregnant women with EPH-gestosis of different severity. In 52 women there were no retinal changes, in 32 women we saw I hypertensive changes according to the classification of Keith-Wagener, in 10 cases II, and in 6 cases III or IV retinal changes. There was no direct relationship between the severity of EPH-gestosis and I and II retinal changes; however, severe retinal changes (III IV) were associated with moderate or severe EPH-gestosis. We found a significant relationship between the degree of hypertensive retinal changes and fetal mortality. In the group of gravidae with severe retinal changes 4 out of 6 infants died. The examination of the ocular fundus permits the direct evaluation of fundal changes and the early recognition of fetal jeopardy. PMID- 6686740 TI - [Experiences with ambulatory delivery]. AB - This study summarizes the experiences with ambulant delivery in the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Cologne between 1979 and October 1982. The ambulant deliveries during this period were compared with a control group of normal vaginal births in the hospital. There were 211 women in each group. Questionnaires were sent to those women who had ambulant births, and the answers formed an important part of this study. Of all the intended ambulant births, 18.5% had to be refused because of possible complications. The results of the study show that the risks during birth for mother and child in both groups, were identical, and any complications arising were wide and various. In our opinion the main risk is the "Icterus neonatorum". The number of peridural anaesthesia was significantly lower in the ambulant delivery group. From the questionnaires we had a clearly positive reaction to ambulant delivery. For the newborn infant there is a decisive risk, so that ambulant delivery should only be used as an alternative in order to avoid home delivery. PMID- 6686741 TI - [Thanatophoric dwarfism - prenatal diagnosis of a fatal form of osteochondrodysplasia using ultrasound]. AB - The report presents the ultrasonographic diagnosis of thanatophoric dwarfism in the 33rd week of pregnancy. This congenital osteochondrodysplasia is characterized by a relatively large head, a narrow thorax, a protuberant abdomen and micromelic limbs, and hydramnios is often present. The early diagnosis of this lethal malformation allows the obstetrician to decide on the appropriate way of delivery. PMID- 6686742 TI - [Postpartum amaurosis in patients with pre-eclampsia]. AB - Cortical blindness without retinal changes is a rare complication in preeclampsia. We report two patients, both of whom developed cortical blindness one and two days post partum. In one of these patients, the blindness occurred following eclamptic seizure. In both patients the total blindness recovered fully after two and three days respectively following treatment for hypertension and cerebral edema. Spasm of small vessels in the occipital cortex is assumed to be the cause of this complication. PMID- 6686735 TI - [Pathohistological changes in the mammae and sex organs of sows with the MMA syndrome]. AB - Studied were morphologically the udder and genitalia of 13 sows with the mastitis metritis-agalactia syndrome (MMA) and of 3 normal sows from the first to the third day after farrowing. In 53.80 per cent of the cases there were histological changes of acute catarrhal and purulent mastitis, and in 23.08 per cent- degeneration of the glandular epithelium, 23.08 per cent having hypoplasia of the milk alveolae. In 61.80 per cent of the cases the changes in the udder were accompanied with changes in the uterus (catarrhal and purulent endometritis). There were in the ovaries of both the diseased and the normal sows persisting corpora lutea and massive atresia of secondary follicles. PMID- 6686743 TI - [Chemical sensitivity of neurons to immobilization emotional stress in the rat]. AB - Chemical sensitivity of the neurones of the medial thalamus (MT) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) to noradrenaline (NA) was studied microionophoretically in conditions of 30-hour immobilization of rats. Chemical sensitivity of single neurons of MT as well as VMH during immobilization is characterized by a certain instability, showed in changes of their reactions at repeated NA applications. These changes were observed significantly more frequently in MT neurones especially at the initial stage of immobilization. At the final stage as well as in unrestrained control animals, changes of the sensitivity were seen significantly more seldom. At the initial stage of rats' immobilization a significant increase of the number of MT and VMH cells responding to NA application by the excitative type of reactions was also observed. PMID- 6686744 TI - [Direction of changes in conditioned reflex activity and visceral functions in experimental neuroses]. PMID- 6686745 TI - [Interaction of different forms of aggressive behavior in the rat]. PMID- 6686746 TI - [Alcohol withdrawal syndrome in rats during avoidance training]. AB - The alcohol withdrawal syndrome in rats was investigated in the open-field and during escape/avoidance training. Ten male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Both groups were fed only with a liquid diet for one month. However, the diet for group E contained 5% (w/w) ethanol. The mean ethanol consumption of group E was 15.77 g/kg/day. Both groups steadily gained body weight. After withdrawal of alcohol in group E, their behaviors were examined by two types of tests successively in comparison with group C. Group E exhibited higher activities in the open-field but some animals presented handling-induced convulsion. The escape/avoidance training subsequently performed induced more conspicuous manifestations of withdrawal syndrome. These were objectively categorized into the following three behavior characteristics. Failure to escape from shock due to convulsion and seizures. Increase in intertrial responses due to hyperactivity. Death during the training session. This procedure is expected to be widely applicable to similar studies. PMID- 6686748 TI - [Catamnestic evaluation of patients in a sterility consultation with reference to andrologic prognosis of fertility]. AB - In the present article the rate of conceptions of 463 couples were catamnestically analysed concerning the andrological prognosis and gynecological causes of infertility. 49,9% of the men had a normal spermiogram, 10,2% were infertile and 39,9% of patients were subfertile. Disturbances of ovarian function represented the main cause of the female sterility (62,7%). 36,2% of the patients conceived during the gynecological and andrological treatment. The rate of pregnancies decreased dependent on reduction of male fertility. We observed 19,6% abortions and 3,1% ectopic pregnancies. The percentage of abortions and ectopic pregnancies increased in case of pathological spermiograms. PMID- 6686749 TI - A follow-up study of the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz vesicourethral operation for female incontinence. AB - A Follow-up study on 65 consecutive patients who underwent vesicourethral suspension (Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz' operation) in the period 1961-70 was carried out. Indications and results were evaluated. Forty-one patients completed the investigation. Twenty-five patients were operated on correct indication (pure stress incontinence). Twenty patients (80%) were cured and the vaginal examination were in accordance to this result.--Unfortunately several side effects to this operation were observed (primarily infravesical obstruction, urge phenomenon and dyspareunia). Therefore posterior suspension of the bladder is recommendable. Carefully history, cystometry and colpo-cystourethrography seems necessary in the evaluation of female incontinence. PMID- 6686747 TI - [Electron microscopy study of insufficient great saphenous veins]. AB - Results of electron microscopic investigations of the vena saphena magna in varicosis are reported. The proximal and distal portion were used in each case. There were neither unambiguous ultrastructural differences on the endothelial cells nor a distinctly different number of Weibel-Palade bodies within the endothelial cells. Compared to this, a more massive dysplasia of the media was ascertained in the distal portion than in the proximal one. It is possible that this represents the structural equivalent of a different pathophysiological reaction which is expressed ultrastructurally in form of vacuolic cytoplasm and disintegration of myofilaments. PMID- 6686750 TI - [Animal experiments, morphologic and endocrinologic studies following various coagulation technics]. AB - CO2-pelviscopy or laparotomies were performed on 370 rabbits followed by coagulation of the distal uterine horns with unipolar, bipolar, endo-, or CO2 laser coagulation. As we could demonstrate by the following laparotomy, macroscopically with exact measuring of the destroyed region and later on by histological, histochemical and electronmicroscopic examinations, the extent of tissue destruction during coagulation of the distal uterine horns by endocoagulation or also bipolar high-frequency technique--when operated at lower coagulation currents--was significantly less compared to the destruction caused by monopolar high-frequency technique using monopolar high-frequency coagulation, extensive destruction of the uterine horns and the surrounding mesoalpingeal tissue occurred after a coagulation time of only 10 sec. With application of the bipolar coagulation technique the destruction of tissue was much more localized. Rabbits distal uterine horns which were coagulated by CO2laser were examined by a relaparotomy 4-12 weeks later. Macroscopic, histological and enzymehistochemical studies showed that initial recanalization had occurred in 8 out of 23 cases. Utilizing the endocoagulation technique with a forceps temperature of 120 degrees C and a coagulation time of 20 sec, coagulation of the uterine horns occurred in all cases without complications. During the "Second look" operation and the final tissue studies a complete division (of approximately 0.5 cm) of the uterine horns was evident, and it could be demonstrated, that the technique did not have any effect on the mesosalpingeal tissue. After stimulation of 49 rabbits with 50 I.U. of HCG i.v. the control group showed a clear rise in average progesterone levels of 12.69 +/- 6.02 ng/ml up to the 11th day of pseudo-pregnancy followed by gradual decrease in concentrations, returning to basal levels from day 14-25. The average progesterone levels of the two animal groups coagulated by using the monopolar high-frequency current were significantly lower than the control levels or the progesterone concentrations in the endocoagulation or bipolar group. PMID- 6686751 TI - [Inheritance of uterus abnormalities. Monozygotic twins with uterus abnormality]. AB - The first case of uterine malformation in monozygotic twins is reported. Difficulties in family's analysis of such cases are pointed out. Genetic aspects of familiar occurrence of uterine anomalies are discussed. PMID- 6686752 TI - Intracytoplasmic vacuoles as clues to the diagnosis of vascular proliferations. PMID- 6686753 TI - [Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis. A case report and review of the literature]. AB - A case of acute aortic valve Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis is reported in a 48 year old fisherman with no history of initial erysipelar and requiring emergency aortic valve replacement 48 hours after starting antibiotic therapy with Ampicillin and Gentamicin. The outcome was favourable. In the light of 32 of the 40 previously published cases, the authors discuss the difficulty in identifying the causal organism, the main epidemiological features, the occupational association of these infections, the incidence of primary infections, the involvement of the aortic valve and the more serious nature of the disease compared to non-D streptococcal endocarditis, despite high sensitivity to Penicillin G. PMID- 6686754 TI - Use of the omental free flap for soft-tissue reconstruction. AB - Omentum can be useful as a free flap for soft-tissue reconstruction in a variety of difficult wounds. Omentum was successfully used as a free flap in 11 of 15 patients. Of the 15 defects, 2 were located on the scalp, 2 on the face, 2 on the thigh, and 9 on the lower leg. The failure rate of 27% (4 out of 15) was higher than the 10 to 15% failure rate that we have experienced with skin and muscle flaps. The most frequent cause of failure was the use of diseased recipient vessels for the microvascular anastomoses, that is, vessels with scar tissue, inflammation, or arteriosclerotic changes. Poor blood flow in the recipient vessel also was a harbinger of trouble. This low-flow phenomenon was more prevalent when the anterior tibial vessels of the lower leg were used. In spite of these problems, omentum is useful as a free flap for selected difficult soft tissue defects. PMID- 6686755 TI - Effect of CP-20,961 on genital herpes in guinea pigs. AB - CP-20,961 (N,N-dioctadecyl-N',N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)propanediamine) has been reported to be an interferon inducer, an adjuvant and a macrophage activator. In the present study, this compound was used therapeutically and prophylactically to treat genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections in guinea pigs. A significant decrease in the incidence of clinical lesions (P less than 0.05) was observed in animals treated intravaginally with 20 mg CP-20,961 (two doses each containing 10 mg) prior to infection. A single dose of 5 mg CP-20,961 reduced the severity of clinical lesions and inhibited virus shedding from the guinea pig vagina. Preliminary findings indicate that CP-20,961 is a potent agent for prevention of genital herpes infection. PMID- 6686757 TI - [Evaluation of microfilaremia (Loa loa filariasis) using the calibrated thick drop method: influence of several technical parameters]. PMID- 6686756 TI - May high oxygen affinity of maternal hemoglobin cause fetal growth retardation? AB - Eleven pregnant women with normal fetal outcome (controls), seven women with small for dates babies and 15 non-pregnant women were studied. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) and the half saturation tension of oxygen, P50-value (as a measure for the oxygen affinity of Hb) were measured. Urine estriol excretion, HPL in plasma and antepartum cardiotocograms served as parameters of fetal well being. The placental weight and the largest placental diameter were measured immediately after birth. The patients with small for dates babies showed significant lower P50-values (27.3 +/- 0.4 mm Hg) than those without growth retardation (28.5 +/- 0.3 mm Hg) and were in the range of the non-pregnant controls (27.4 +/- 0.2 mm Hg). Hb was 135.2 +/- 3.8 g/l in the patients with small for dates babies, 118.3 +/- 4.3 g/l in pregnant controls and 136.8 +/- 3.3 g/l in non-pregnant women. Hematocrit paralleled the Hb. The placental weights were significantly lower in women with small for dates babies, but no difference in placental diameters was found. These data, higher oxygen affinity of Hb, increased Hct and lower placental weight, indicate an unfavourable situation in regards to placental oxygen transfer with possible chronic hypoxia of the fetus. PMID- 6686758 TI - [Variations in microfilaremia in Loa loa filariasis]. PMID- 6686759 TI - Toxicity in chick embryos of three commercial mixtures of chlorinated paraffins and of toxaphene injected into eggs. AB - Three commercial mixtures of chlorinated paraffins (Cereclor 42 (C22-26, 42% Cl w/w), Cereclor 50 LV (C10-13, 49% Cl w/w), and Cereclor 70 L (C10-13, 70% Cl w/w) did not affect the hatchability of hens' eggs when injected into the yolks in doses of up to 200 mg/kg egg. The hatching rate of eggs treated with 200 mg/kg of the insecticide Toxaphene was significantly lower than that of the control eggs. Toxaphene also affected the growth of the chicks and had neurotoxic effects. PMID- 6686760 TI - [Use of prostaglandin E1 in ductus-dependent congenital cardiopathies]. PMID- 6686761 TI - Morphological and biochemical studies on cultured human granulosa cells. PMID- 6686762 TI - A recent southern extension of the range of Culicoides wadai to south-east Queensland. PMID- 6686763 TI - Biometrical genetic models of self-reported delinquent behavior: a twin study. PMID- 6686764 TI - Exogenous methionine depresses level of mRNA for a soybean storage protein. AB - In vitro translation experiments indicate that absence of the beta-subunit of 7S storage protein in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Provar) cotyledons cultured on methionine-supplemented medium is due to lack of functional mRNA for that polypeptide. Relative amounts of functional mRNA for the 7S alpha'- and alpha subunits were unaffected by methionine in the cotyledon culture medium. Measurements of beta-subunit accumulation in cotyledons transferred from basal medium to methionine-supplemented medium show that methionine inhibits continued accumulation of the beta-subunit after synthesis of the beta-subunit has begun, and that methionine does not promote degradation of existing beta-subunit. PMID- 6686765 TI - [Structure-activity relationship in ring-opened serotonin analogs: 3-(2 aminophenyl)-propanamine and 1-(N-piperidino)-3-(2-aminophenyl)-3-oxopropane]. AB - The complete reduction of the carbonyl group of the 5-HT agonist 3-(2-amino-5 hydroxy-phenyl)-3-oxo-propanamine results in a drastic loss of activity: as investigations on the isolated gastric fundus of the rat showed, the affinity to the D receptor of serotonin is reduced by a factor of 100 whereas the relative intrinsic activity also decreases from 0.83 to values less than 0.3. The additional suppression of the phenolic hydroxyl group causes only a relatively unimportant decrease of the affinity while the relative intrinsic activity increases again up to 0.65. These results support the postulate according to which the active conformation of serotonin shows a stretched side chain, as its logical interpretation is only possible under this assumption. Inside the 1-(N piperidino)-3-(2-amino-phenyl)-3-oxo-propanes the derivative methoxylated at C-5 of the benzene nucleus with a pA2 value of 7.39 proved to be the most effective 5 HT antagonist the mechanism being a purely competitive one. PMID- 6686766 TI - Synthesis and biological activities of the tri-L-alanine derivative of isonicotinic acid hydrazide. AB - N-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl) tri-L-alanine was coupled to the hydrazide function of isonicotinic acid hydrazide followed by cleavage of the amino protective group. The resulting dihydrochloride of the tri-L-alanine derivative of isonicotinic acid hydrazide was characterized by 13C-NMR. The minimal inhibitory concentration of isonicotinic acid hydrazide was not improved by the peptide derivative, and competition experiments with tri-L-alanine demonstrated that tri-L-alanyl isonicotinic acid hydrazide did not use the peptide transport system. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide and its tri-peptide derivative possessed the same activity against pathogenic mycobacteria and did not antagonize each other. The relatively high stability of the tri-peptide derivative against peptidases of Mycobacterium fortuitum was discussed as being responsible for the significantly weaker activity against this atypical mycobacterium strain. With the exception of peptidases of hog intestinal mucose, the tri-L-alanyl derivative of isonicotinic acid hydrazide was stable to pronase and alpha-chymotrypsin when compared to other peptides. PMID- 6686767 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of tienocarbine in rats]. AB - 1,9-Dimethyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-e]pyrido[4,3-b] indole lactate (tienocarbine) 1, is absorbed and distributed very fast after a single oral or i.v. dose in rats. Half-lives (beta-phase) (i.v./p.o.) 1.9 and 2.2 h, respectively, VD 6.1/6.4 l/kg, oral bioavailability approx. 50%. After dosage for 28 days (2.5 mg/kg/d) all organs investigated contained tienocarbine, the N desmethyl derivate was also found in lung and kidneys. 3 days after the last dose no 1 could be found in any organ. The quotient brain/blood is approx. 31 after single or repeated doses. With these low values of VD, the high brain/blood ratio and the constancy of these values tienocarbine differs from many other CNS active substances. 1 is intensively metabolised in rats; unchanged substance was found neither in urine nor in feces. Besides the N-desmethyl derivative, several as yet not identified metabolites occur. PMID- 6686768 TI - The beneficial effect of nicardipine on the healing of myocardial infarcts in dogs. AB - The effect of 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3-[2-(N-benzyl-N-methyl amino)] ethyl ester 5-methyl ester hydrochloride (nicardipine, RS-69216, YC-93), on the healing of myocardial infarcts has been examined in dogs surviving for 3 months after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Three groups of 12-14 dogs were subjected to the following treatments: a) Group X received one-month oral pretreatment (1-2 mg/kg/d) with post-ligation i.v. treatment delayed for 1 h (10 micrograms/kg followed by 2 micrograms/kg/15 min for 5 h) and oral treatment (1-2 mg/kg/d) for 3 months (n = 9 survivors). b) Group Y received oral placebo for one month, i.v. saline vehicle every 15 min for 5 h commencing 1 h postligation, and oral placebo for 3 months (n = 8 survivors). c) Group Z received oral placebo for one month as in group Y, i.v. and oral drug treatment post-ligation as for group X (n = 10 survivors). Recordings were made of general haemodynamics and at post mortem, each heart was X-rayed and sliced transversely to give 14 sections from which detailed observations were made on left ventricular (LV) geometry. Comparative morphological measurements were available from filed data for 11 normal dog hearts (designated group C) of similar type. Nicardipine treatment significantly modified the general haemodynamic responses to LAD ligation particularly in maintaining a low LV systolic pressure and inhibiting elevation of LV end diastolic pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686769 TI - Anti-ulcer activity and other pharmacological properties of lozilurea. AB - As a result of trials on a large series of compounds, one of these, N' -3 chlorobenzyl-N'-ethylurea (lozilurea, ITA 312) has shown marked anti-ulcer activity. It has shown itself to be active against chemically and neurogenically induced gastric and duodenal lesions in various experimental animal models. It has no major anti-secretory action. The experimental data obtained suggest that the mechanism of action of lozilurea consists in increasing the protective function of the mucus barrier. In the screening trials carried out in order to detect the side effects of lozilurea, it has shown sedative, antipyretic and vasodilatory actions. PMID- 6686770 TI - Investigation of the dose-response relationship upon intraperitoneal administration of coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin on the carrageenan induced edema of the rat hind paw. AB - The dose-response relationship upon intraperitoneal administration of coumarin (C) and 7-hydroxycoumarin (7HC) in rats was evaluated using the carrageenan induced edema of the hind paw. In a preliminary study C was indicated to reduce the 4-h edema at doses of 10 to 60 mg/kg i.p. Doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg were not effective. In the same study 7HC did not appear to be effective over a dose range of 0.01 to 20 mg/kg. A second study based on a completely randomized design indicated 7HC to be ineffective at doses of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg for edema measurements made at 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after the injury stimulus. C, however, was found to be effective at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg at 3, 4 and 5 h. C dose of 2.5 mg/kg was ineffective at all times and the 20 mg/kg dose appeared to be ineffective at the 6-h measurement. Resolution of the edema after 5 h did not appear to be enhanced by either C or 7HC administration as the rate of decay appeared to be parallel for controls and the treated animals. The edema model used here would possibly be very useful for further pharmacological investigation of the benzopyrones due to its simplicity, reproducibility and speed. PMID- 6686771 TI - Ibuprofen pharmacokinetics: use of liquid chromatography with radial compression separation. AB - The non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent ibuprofen (Motrin) can be reliably quantitated in body fluids using high-pressure liquid chromatography with a newly developed radial compression separation system. After addition of the structural analogue flurbiprofen as internal standard, biological samples (plasma or cerebrospinal fluid) are acidified and extracted directly into benzene: isoamyl alcohol (98.5:1.5). The organic extract is separated, evaporated to dryness, reconstituted, and chromatographed using a mobile phase of water: acetonitrile (50:50, with 2.5 ml/l acetic acid), a reverse-phase C-18 radial compression cartridge, and UV detection at 229 nm. The routine sensitivity limit is 0.5 micrograms of ibuprofen per ml of sample: this can be improved with minor modifications. The coefficient of variation for replicate samples is less than 7%. Using an automated sampling system, up to 100 samples can be analyzed per 24 hour period. Application of the method to experimental and clinical pharmacokinetic studies of ibuprofen is illustrated. PMID- 6686772 TI - Serum levels of dimenhydrinate. Determination by HPLC with UV detection after intake of dimenhydrinate in a coated chewing gum dragee. AB - HPLC with UV detection allowed to separate dimenhydrinate and three major metabolites (diphenyl-methoxy-ethylamine, diphenyl-methoxy-acetic acid, diphenyl methoxy-N-methyl-amine) in human serum without extraction procedure. Detection limit was 25 ng per 500 microliter injected sample, the recovery ranged from 70 to 95%. Serum levels of dimenhydrinate were measured in healthy volunteers 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after intake of two commercially available preparations, one of them a dimenhydrinate tablet, the other one a dimenhydrinate containing coated chewing gum dragee (Travel-Gum dragee). The rise of the serum concentration of dimenhydrinate up to 30 min was smaller after intake of the coated chewing gum preparation than after swallowing the tablet. The serum concentrations at 1 or 2 h after the intake of either a tablet or the chewing gum were comparable. The variability of the serum concentrations was considerable with both preparations and seemed to be influenced more by individual factors than by previous food intake. PMID- 6686774 TI - [Effect of beta-pyridylcarbinol on lipids and lipoprotein in primary type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia]. AB - The effect of long-term treatment over 16 weeks with beta-pyridylcarbinol (test substance Ronicol 300) on lipids and lipoproteins was investigated in 10 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa. A placebo period preceded and followed the treatment period. The lipoprotein fractions VLDL, DL and HDL (very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins, respectively) were isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation. beta Pyridylcarbinol reduced total cholesterol from 410 +/- 39 mg/dl to 319 +/- 19 mg/dl (p less than 0.05). The decrease was mainly caused by a reduction in LDL cholesterol by 25%. The HDL-cholesterol rose only slightly during treatment. The reduction in total triglycerides (132 +/- 12 mg/dl to 110 +/- 12 mg/dl) was less marked. The decrease was attributable to a reduction in VLDL- and LDL triglycerides. Phospholipids and proteins behaved in an analogous fashion. The composition (in %) of the lipoprotein fractions VLDL, LDL and HDL didn't change under treatment. The typical nicotinic acid flush could be observed in all 10 patients. PMID- 6686773 TI - Effect of penbutolol on lidocaine kinetics. AB - The effect of penbutolol (Betapressin), a stereospecific beta-adrenergic antagonist, on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of intravenous lidocaine was evaluated in seven healthy volunteers. Subjects received a single 100-mg lidocaine intravenous dose of lidocaine hydrochloride, once in the control state and a second time during coadministration of penbutolol, 60 mg daily. Lidocaine volume of distribution was significantly increased during penbutolol treatment (4.9 vs 3.4 l/kg, p less than 0.005), resulting in a significant prolongation of elimination half-life (2.5 vs 2.0 h, p less than 0.025). The mechanism of the distributional shift is not established, but may result from a change in the pattern of peripheral blood flow and therefore the profile of tissue uptake of lidocaine. Total metabolic clearance of lidocaine, however, was not significantly altered by penbutolol (23.0 vs 19.4 ml/min/kg). The present study of healthy volunteers suggests that penbutolol increases lidocaine volume of distribution. If the finding also applied to patients, a higher loading dose of lidocaine might be necessary. PMID- 6686775 TI - [Suppression of acid secretion and plasma level of a once-daily dose of omeprazole]. AB - The effect of 5-methoxy-2-[( (4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl) methyl]sulphinyl)-1H- benzimidazole (omeprazole) on gastric acid secretion after repeated administration to healthy volunteers has been studied. Omeprazole in a dose of 30 mg given once daily for nine days suppressed acid secretion continuously, the inhibitory effect stabilising after five days. Omeprazole was absorbed and rapidly cleared from plasma; the inhibitory effect was related to the area under the plasma concentration-time curve. PMID- 6686776 TI - [Uric acid-lowering effect of a combination of benzbromarone and allopurinol- studies under standardized dietary conditions]. AB - The effects of a fixed combination of 100 mg allopurinol and 20 mg benzbromarone (Acifugan) on plasma and urinary uric acid were compared with those of 300 mg allopurinol alone during standardized dietary conditions (purine-free, isoenergetic formula diet with addition of 2 g ribonucleic acid per day). In addition, the components of the fixed combination were given separately. Diet and ribonucleic acid were taken by healthy volunteers for periods of 14 days, drugs were added from day 8 to day 14. Steady state uric acid values before and during drug ingestion were compared intraindividually to calculate drug effects. The fall of plasma uric acid was not significantly different during treatment with 300 mg allopurinol as compared with combined low dose treatment. Renal uric acid excretion was decreased by 56 and 23%, respectively. Comparing combined low dose treatment with the cumulative effects of its constituents it was found that combined treatment was less effective. With combined low dose treatment there is no need to observe prophylactic measures concerning complications at the site of the urinary tract. Compared with monotherapy with 300 mg allopurinol there is no advantage. However, the frequencies of side effects, which are not dose dependent, will be cumulative with combined treatment, which is probably a major disadvantage. Combined treatment should not be used therefore with the exception of proven inefficiency of monotherapy. PMID- 6686777 TI - [Effect of ciclotropium bromide on pressure in the human common bile duct]. AB - The effect of a new anticholinergic drug, ciclotropium bromide, on artificially induced pressure elevations in the common bile duct is reported. The endoscopic manometry allows a precise pressure measurement in the biliary system. For the artificial pressure elevation an X-ray contrast medium was injected into the common bile duct until the pain threshold was reached. In each patient a statistically significant pressure reduction accompanied by pain relief was reached. The method used shows the drug effects by objective measurement of the pressure reduction and the subjective indication of the pain relief. PMID- 6686778 TI - Double-blind cross-over study of the effect of sultosilic acid piperazine salt (A 585) and bezafibrate in primary hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - Sultosilic acid piperazine salt (A-585), a new lipid lowering drug, was compared with the action of bezafibrate. In 20 patients suffering from primary hyperlipoproteinemia a double-blind cross-over study was carried out. A series of parameters of the lipoprotein metabolism, as well as of fibrinolysis and platelet function, was compared before and after administration of the drugs. There was a statistically significant diminution of total cholesterol, triglycerides, beta- and pre-beta-cholesterol and an increase of alpha-cholesterol by both drugs. Furthermore, both drugs caused a significant shortening of the euglobulin lysis time and a significant diminution of platelet adhesiveness. In patients who were under oral anticoagulants the thrombotest levels were not influenced by A-585 but were frequently below the therapeutic range during bezafibrate therapy. The difference in the thrombotest during treatment with the 2 drugs was significant. A slightly elevated gamma-GT activity normalized during bezafibrate therapy but was not influenced by A-585. Other parameters did not show significant differences between the 2 drugs. PMID- 6686779 TI - Reversible hypercholesterolaemia produced by cholesterol-free fish meal protein diets. AB - Groups of rabbits were fed isonitrogenous diets containing 30% soya, milk or whitefish meal protein and at least 130 g/kg of added fat for 1 year. Mean serum cholesterol values in fish meal animals (13.4 +/- 2.4 mmol/l) were substantially greater than for soya (3.0 +/- 0.2 mmol/l) or milk (4.6 +/- 0.7 mmol/l). Fish meal rabbits developed extensive aortic atherosclerosis (c. 70% surface involvement) which histologically showed both fibrous and foam cell intimal thickening and destruction and calcification of medial elastic tissue. In a second experiment fish meal was given with either saturated (coconut oil) or unsaturated (maize oil) fat. A similar degree of hypercholesterolaemia developed in each group and was rapidly reversed when a soya protein-low fat diet was substituted. This model may therefore be of value in studies of the progression and regression of experimental atherosclerosis. PMID- 6686780 TI - [Bronchiolar cells of the human fetal lung from 15 to 26 weeks of gestation]. AB - The authors report an ultrastructural study about the human fetal bronchiole from seven human fetus which gestational age extend from fifteen to twenty-six weeks. It follows a precedent report concerning the pulmonary acinus. It is thus possible to definite the happening date of the different cellular populations of the bronchiolar layer, their morphology, their distribution, and their differentiation modalities. All those cells have the same endodermal origin from the undifferentiated columnar cell. From the fifteenth week, the three main cellular patterns with a full differentiated aspect are present: ciliated cell, Clara cell, and neurosecretory cell and as a fourth type: the intermediary aspect cell; but the undifferentiated columnar cell is still predominant. From the nineteenth week, those four cellular patterns are predominant. At last, the connection between alveolar and bronchiolar layers is studied at the bronchiolo alveolar junction. From those data and the literature, the authors consider the bronchiolo-alveolar renewal, in which they think that the Clara cell and/ or an immediate precursor could take a leading part. PMID- 6686781 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children]. PMID- 6686782 TI - Do centrioles contain ribosomes? AB - Centrioles induced via a number of parthenogenetic agents regularly reveal the presence of one or more granules within their central cores. Though not a new discovery, these centriolar granules have carefully been re-evaluated here. Considering various criteria, it is proposed that these granules are intra centriolar ribosomes. More specifically, they are more comparable to 70S ribosomes than to 80S cytoribosomes. The data suggest that within the lumen of centrioles, certain centriolar proteins are synthesized on ribosomes that may be uniquely centriolar. PMID- 6686783 TI - Effects of drugs associated with hyperprolactinemia on plasma steroids and on steroid receptors and metabolism in human breast cancer. AB - Certain commonly taken pharmaceutical preparations induce increased levels of plasma prolactin. The effects of these drugs on (a) tumor steroid receptors and metabolism, and (b) plasma hormones and hormone binding proteins have been studied in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Two groups have been compared, 18 patients on drug treatment for at least 2 months and 15 subjects with no history of drug ingestion. Patients taking medication had significantly higher levels of plasma prolactin compared with control women. No significant difference was observed between the groups with regard to the plasma concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and its sulphate (DHS), testosterone, estrone, estradiol-17 beta, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and albumin. Similarly, no difference was observed between these two groups with regard to estrogen receptor (ER), progestogen receptor (PR), or androgen receptor (AR) levels in the tumors nor their ability to metabolize (7(-3)H) testosterone. It is considered that the ingestion of these drugs does not affect tumor mechanisms involving steroids. PMID- 6686784 TI - Interrupted pregnancy as an indicator of poor prognosis in T1, 2, N0, M0 primary breast cancer. AB - We examined the records of women with primary breast cancer for a history of pregnancy and live births. The patients were all histopathologic T1, 2, N0, M0 white females, untreated post modified radical mastectomy. Patients with a history of interrupted pregnancies have a significantly shorter time to recurrence than those with normal pregnancy history. A trend toward a lower incidence of highly differentiated histological pattern is also observed in cancers from these patients. PMID- 6686785 TI - Plasminogen activator and progesterone receptor are correlated in human mammary tumors. PMID- 6686788 TI - Macrophage cell lines behave as activated macrophages in the production and regulation of plasminogen activator. AB - Seven macrophagelike cell lines, WEHI-3, J774, RAW264, FC-1, P388D-1, PU5-R, and PU5-1.8, commonly used as in vitro models of macrophage function, were studied for their fibrinolytic activity in the presence and absence of purified plasminogen. All cell lines, as well as the freshly harvested peritoneal macrophages, produced plasminogen activator, as indicated by the levels of fibrinolytic activity in the presence of plasminogen. However, fibrinolytic proteolysis was most efficiently measured by direct attachment to 125I-fibrin plates, a method which measures both secreted and cell-membrane-associated plasminogen activator. Other non-plasminogen-dependent fibrinolytic activities were also produced by all cells studied and secreted by WEHI-3, FC-1, RAW-264, and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages. Activation of the thioglycollate elicited macrophages with macrophage activation factor (MAF) induced threefold higher levels of plasminogen activator production but MAF treatment had no effect on the level of activity produced by macrophagelike cell lines. Indeed, the macrophagelike cell lines produced plasminogen activator at levels seen with MAF activated thioglycollate-elicited macrophages. We conclude that these cell lines constitutively produce activators of plasminogen and, in their failure to respond to MAF, behave as activated macrophages. PMID- 6686790 TI - Emergency caesarian section: a research study of the mother/child relationship of a group of women admitted expecting a normal vaginal delivery. AB - This study follows a group of women who had their first babies by emergency caesarian section under a general anaesthetic and compares them with a control group who had a normal vaginal delivery. The emergency caesarian sections were not done for a clear cut medical emergency but for reasons such as foetal distress, prolonged labour, suspected cephalopelvic disproportion--all criteria open to different clinical judgment. The mothers and babies were seen one month, one year and three years after delivery. Significant differences were found between the attitude and behaviour of the caesarian group of mothers and that of the control group of mothers. There must be serious doubts about the need for an emergency caesarian delivery in this sample. They were a problem group of women as difficult to follow up as to deliver. In their histories there was a trend toward more difficulties in their past and present relationships. Did they need more sensitive handling during delivery to avoid an emergency caesarian section? Professionals frequently find anxiety hard to bear and need to act rather than attempt to understand the origin of the pain. It is easy to overlook the subtle long term effects of the action when it appears to solve the immediate problem. PMID- 6686786 TI - [Condylomatous lesions of the uterine cervix: their course in 2466 patients]. AB - 2466 women with cervical condylomatous lesions out of the general consulting (0.7%) have been followed by the authors. The cytological and histological criteria of these lesions and the detection of the viral antigen by immunoperoxidase (positive in only about 50% of the cases), are recalled. The flat condylomas are often associated with dysplasia (CIN I, II, III). The condylomas appear in women before the age of 20. These cases increased in number between the ages of 25 to 30 and stayed high until 35. The number of condylomas associated with CIN II have their maximum between 36 and 38 years of age and decrease afterwards to age 48. The graphic is the same for CIN III. The evolution of these condylomatous lesions studied during 42 months, shows that in 1269 women with condyloma and nuclear atypia, regression occurred in 53 per cent, persistence in 37 per cent and aggravation in 10 per cent of the cases. In 762 women with CIN II, regression appeared in 39 per cent, persistence in 44 per cent and aggravation in 17 per cent of cases. In a group of 764 closely followed women, regression and aggravation in CIN I and II appeared between the 3rd and the 6th months of follow-up. Condyloma associated with CIN III were not observed after the 3rd month. Recurrence appeared however in 55 cases after insufficient ablation. Lastly, the histogenesis of these lesions and the relationship between the viral action and the host are discussed. PMID- 6686787 TI - Plasminogen activator in the developing rat cerebellum: biosynthesis and localization in granular neurons. AB - The histochemical localization of plasminogen activator (PA) and the level of the translatable mRNA species coding for active PA were analyzed during ontogenesis of normal and of irradiation-agranulated rat cerebellum. Autoradiographic localization of PA activity was performed by plasminogen-dependent fixation of [125I]fibrin degradation products to frozen sections of developing rat cerebellum. Both the immature external and the adult internal granular layers were intensely labeled, in addition to labeling of meninges. In the irradiation aggranulated cerebellum, PA labeling could be observed in residual granular neurons which went through their final division prior to the irradiation protocol. The concentration of the mRNA species directing the synthesis of catalytically active PA (PAmRNA) was monitored by an in ovo bioassay, using Xenopus oocytes as a translation system. A major species of 80,000 and a minor species of 50,000 apparent molecular weight of active PA were translated by mRNA from either control or X-irradiated cerebellum throughout ontogenesis. These could be detected by electrophoretic analysis of extracts and incubation media of microinjected oocytes. Both the content and the concentration of PAmRNA were found to be the highest at the stage of cerebellar development when granular neurons proliferate and migrate. These observations suggest that a major portion of the PA activity in the rat cerebellum is synthesized and localized in granular neurons through cerebellar ontogenesis, and that PA activity in the developing cerebellum is largely determined by the level of translatable mRNA coding for this enzyme. PMID- 6686789 TI - Fibrinolytic activity in human tumor tissues. AB - The fibrinolytic activity of 156 malignant and 36 benign solid tumors from autopsy and biopsy specimens was studied by the fibrin slide technique. The inhibitory activity against fibrinolysis was graded according to the lysis time of vascular tissues within the tumor. The results show that all malignant solid tumors, with the exception of prostate carcinoma, demonstrated varying degrees of inhibition of fibrinolysis. Persistently high inhibitory activity was found in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, the respiratory tract, cervix uteri, and skin; carcinoma of uterus; colorectal carcinoma; small cell anaplastic carcinoma of lung; neuroblastoma, carcinoma of bile duct, while malignant tumors of the kidney show a lesser degree of inhibition. In contrast, with the exception of the hydatidiform mole, benign solid tumors show little or no inhibition. A similar absence of fibrinolytic activity is seen in metastatic disease. Further studies of the role of the fibrinolytic system in tumors seems warranted. PMID- 6686791 TI - Child abuse treatment failures reveal need for redefinition of the problem. AB - This article seeks to prove that current modalities for treating child abuse are not solving the problem because many high risk and abusive families do not get help, and because these identified families represent only a small part of the population at risk for child abuse. The paper presents statistics obtained by the Cleveland Parenting Program for the Prevention of Child Abuse on the numbers of high risk parents who refuse treatment, and others who fail to profit when therapy is undertaken: sociopathic/addictive, grossly immature or infantile, and mildly retarded/infantile personalities. Psychotic, moderately or severely retarded, and hard core premeditated abusers were also considered untreatable with the Parenting Program modality. The article goes on to delineate a larger population that is at risk of child abuse because of the parents' early experiences of violence as well as other emotional and educational deprivations. The article concludes with the argument that primary prevention of child abuse can really only be addressed effectively in the context of programs designed to help both groups: people identified as being at risk, and the larger, unidentified, at risk population. PMID- 6686792 TI - Shared parenting: a new paradigm for the treatment of child abuse. AB - The thesis of this article is that child abuse can be most effectively prevented by recasting it as a part of a larger problem of inadequately parented families. Services for these families may be offered for voluntary participation. They need not be thought of as treatments since they would be designed to prevent rather than treat injuries. The goal of the services would be to improve the childrearing experiences of children in two ways: by helping their parents to function more effectively and providing whatever elements of parental functioning (nurture, education, discipline, or protection) which the natural parents could not give. The proposed facilities would provide supplemental parenting and other services for children as necessary. Facilities would include outreach into the homes, family drop-in centers, family half-way houses for parents who can take care of their children only with onsite supervision, and residential facilities and foster homes at which natural parents would be encouraged to visit and participate. The majority of child abuses occur when there is stress on parents who are inadequate because they themselves have received deficient parenting. The proposed services would relieve stress on parents. This sharing of parental responsibilities between the natural parents and the sharing parents encountered in the proposed facilities would provide children with more adequate parenting than they could receive from their natural parents alone. This would give them a chance to grow into adequate, nonabusive parents and thus interrupt the generational cycle of abuse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686793 TI - Humanizing paediatric care. AB - This paper deals with the development of a paediatric team approach to the care of children in the 70 bed paediatric unit in the Royal Hobart Hospital in Tasmania, Australia, and describes the measures used to help children and their parents adapt to life in hospital with a limited budget. The staff includes paediatricians and pediatric surgeon, resident staff, nurses, teachers, social worker, physiotherapist and pharmacist. There are no visiting hours but the wards are open to parents and relatives at any time. Parents are encouraged to stay in hospital and their accommodation is either in flats at the end of wards or in single or double bed wards using foldup beds. Each young child has a personal details form completed and placed on the end of the cot allowing a nurse to discover likes, dislikes, methods of feeding and sleeping, etc. Parents are asked to complete questionnaires at the time of the child's discharge, asking for their assessment of the standards of care their child received. Playleaders are rostered for evenings and weekends and they work with, and direct Red Cross volunteer ladies. Two full-time teachers cooperate with the child's school in maintaining the child's educational progress. Volunteer visitors entertain children whose relatives are unable to visit or stay in hospital. The methods used to raise the standards of paediatric nursing are also described. Community groups, particularly kindergarten and primary school children, are encouraged to visit the paediatric unit and each group is usually given a brief health education talk by a member of staff. PMID- 6686794 TI - Protecting abused and neglected children: can law help social work? AB - In the United States, about 25% of all child fatalities attributed to abuse or neglect occur after the child has been reported to a child protective agency. (Tens of thousands of other children receive serious injuries short of death while under child protective supervision.) Increasingly, individual workers are being blamed when the children in their care suffer further maltreatment. In all parts of the country, workers are being given administrative reprimands, are being fired, downgraded, or reassigned for mishandling their cases. Many are being sued for professional malpractice; some are being criminally prosecuted for official malfeasance and negligent homicide. Blaming workers is sometimes deeply unfair and fear of unfair criticism leads to defensive social work and, hence, to overintervention into private family matters. Existing laws encourage this unfair criticism by greatly overstating the ability of workers to predict future maltreatment. Laws can be reformulated to help workers better protect maltreated children. Laws should make clear that, subject to certain minor exceptions, protective action is warranted only when the parents' past behavior seriously injured the children or was capable of causing serious injury. PMID- 6686795 TI - Typology for parents of abused children. AB - This paper reports an effort to classify the parents of abused children with some existing and some new empirically/clinically consistent typologies, which are derived from the parents' psychopathological personality profiles. Such a classification scheme is informative and helpful for both treatment planning and permanency planning for abusive parents and abused children, whether or not the children have been separated from their parents. Several previously reported typologies for abusive parents are reviewed and then elaborated in light of the additional data and insights gained from an ongoing study of 50 abusive parents who were separated from their children due to severe child abuse. Such typological analyses based upon principal personality characteristics and dynamics promise to help in formulating both secondary and even primary child abuse prevention procedures and programs. The parent typologies which represent the more favorable prognoses, as determined by their therapist's estimate of their response to ongoing treatment, are those classified as rigid-compulsive, or experiencing identity/role crisis, or displaced abuse/violence. Parents whose child abusive behavior is a function of extremely maladaptive resolutions of major life issues fall into the hostile-aggressive, passive-dependent, and severe mental illness typologies, where the prognoses are considerably more guarded. The relatively high incidence of hostile-aggressive fathers coupled with passive dependent mothers as abusive parents to children in a residential program for severely abused children also helps explain some of the children's psychopathology. PMID- 6686796 TI - [Mobilizing role of mandates from the authorities and for placement in social intervention on behalf of abused children]. AB - The results of the study of 12 cases in which a social worker had to work with the family at home is the subject of this paper. The author observes that child abuse and neglect is linked with highly variable psychosocial situations. The main problems may be marital conflict, disturbed emotional ties, psychosis. A unique guideline type of policy cannot be applied to such a variety of circumstances. The second observation is that the intervention of the social workers is much more effective when supported by a mandate from the protective authorities. That is if the social worker has the ability to request placement for the maltreated child, his action is more likely to be successful. The author concludes that the efficacy of the social worker's intervention depends both on the kind of problems which the family is facing as well as the technical means at the disposal of the social worker. PMID- 6686797 TI - The developmental consequence of different patterns of maltreatment. AB - From a longitudinal study of 267 high risk families, four different patterns of maltreatment were identified. The mothers have been tested, interviewed and observed in a number of situations starting during the last trimester of pregnancy and continuing at regularly scheduled intervals through the preschool period. The four maltreatment groups were: physical abuse; hostile/verbally abusive; psychologically unavailable; and neglecting. A control group of mothers who provided adequate care was selected from the remaining high risk sample. In an earlier follow-up, among the maltreated children a disproportionately large number of infants were found to be anxiously attached to their mothers at 12 and 18 months, and their performance in a problem-solving situation at age two was poor. In the current follow-up, the children were videotaped at 42 months in a "barrier box" and teaching situation, and at 56 months they were observed in a preschool situation. The physically abused children were distractible, lacked persistence, ego control and enthusiasm, and experienced considerable negative emotion. The children whose mothers were psychologically unavailable showed marked increases in maladaptive patterns of functioning from infancy through preschool. As expected, they were avoidant of their mother, angry, noncompliant, and they were highly dependent. The neglected children had the most difficulty pulling themselves together to deal with various tasks. They lacked self-esteem and agency necessary to cope with their environment. PMID- 6686799 TI - Child abuse in residential institutions and community programs for intervention and prevention. AB - Needless to say, residential institutions for children vary in size, cost, quality, reason for placement, and many other factors. Even with this diversity, it is possible to find abuse in any institutional setting. Any decision to remove a child from his or her family must be made only after careful deliberation. Each case will have its own special challenge(s) and uniqueness, and improper decisions may be fatal at worst, or emotionally scarring at best. Strong efforts must be made to insure that the child is seen as a human being with special needs and problems, and not merely one more case to be managed within the system. PMID- 6686798 TI - Denial of reality: a form of emotional child abuse. AB - Parental denial of reality is a form of emotional child abuse. The case history of a 49-year-old patient in psychoanalytic psychotherapy is described in order to illustrate how parental denial, especially parental collusive denial, of reality may impair a child's sense of reality by invalidating his perceptions and memories. The resulting doubts about their truth may result in a feeling of "being crazy." PMID- 6686800 TI - Adopt a family--dial a granny. PMID- 6686801 TI - Report of a child abuse awareness campaign in Finland. PMID- 6686802 TI - Alkyl-lysophospholipids lack influence on the occurrence of radiation-induced lymphomas and AKR-leukemia. AB - Oral application of 2 synthetic alkyl-lysophospholipids ET-18-OCH3 and ET-18-OH at 50 micrograms/mouse every second day during the time to detect the appearance of tumors did not prevent or delay the occurrence of radiation-induced lymphomas or AKR-leukemia in mice. PMID- 6686803 TI - Comparison of the trehalase of Trichoderma reesei with those from other sources. PMID- 6686804 TI - Effects of emetine on initiation of DNA synthesis in embryonic cells of sea urchin. AB - The effects of the inhibition of protein synthesis by emetine on the initiation of DNA synthesis and mitosis in the fertilized eggs of the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina, were studied. The initiation of DNA synthesis was completely prevented, and no delayed initiation was observed in eggs in which protein synthesis was completely inhibited by emetine, while delayed initiation of DNA synthesis occurred after prolonged culture in eggs in which protein synthesis was incompletely inhibited by emetine. In both cases, neither mitosis nor cleavage was observed. Synthesis of some protein factor seems to be necessary for the initiation of DNA synthesis. PMID- 6686805 TI - Cortex and plasma membrane proteins of Xenopus laevis oocytes. AB - The disposition of proteins in the plasma membrane and cortex of metaphase arrested, shed oocytes of Xenopus laevis has been studied. Extraction at low ionic strengths or high pH reduces the number of identifiable bands seen on SDS polyacrylamide gel electropherograms. After exposure to high pH the number of bands decreases approximately one half from about 25. Bands III (MW 115ooo) and VII2 (MW 27ooo) are most pronounced amongst the surviving bands. Band VII2 can be labeled by the non-penetrating, externally applied H2DIDS and is resistant to proteolytic attack by papain, pronase, chymotrypsin and trypsin. Band III is rapidly digested if the enzymes have access to the inner membrane surface. The behaviour of bands IV1 and VII2 suggests that they span the lipid bilayer. All extractable proteins, notably those with molecular weights above 120ooo can be easily digested by the proteolytic enzymes mentioned above, again provided that they are added to isolated membranes rather than to intact oocytes. Hence these proteins seem to be attached to the inner membrane surface. Bands V3-4 (MW approximately 55ooo) and VI1-4 (MW approximately 35ooo) are digested only slowly, if at all, by external proteases and can be labeled by external 3H2DIDS. This indicates that they are, in contrast to the majority of the other extractable proteins, exposed to the outer membrane surface. PMID- 6686806 TI - Neuroradiology of posterior fossa tumors in children. AB - In the examination of posterior fossa tumors, I believe that few findings are worthy of the term diagnostic. The small multiple focal calcifications of ependymomas are probably one such event, but it occurred in only 3 of the 124 tumors in this series. The large calcifications of medulloblastoma also seem to be close to a diagnostic sign, but this is also relatively uncommon. Extension to the midbrain or cerebellopontine angle in a large solid tumor is also fairly specific for medulloblastoma. A homogeneously decreased density before intravenous contrast seems to hold up as a sign of an astrocytoma in both this series and previously reported cases. Large cysts of the type typical for astrocytoma are quite uncommon in nonastrocytomas, but they do occur. Small cysts or cysts of any size in tumors that are less than 4 cm in total diameter are nonspecific findings, as are solid or cystic tumors whose solid portions are of mixed density. The relatively tumor-specific findings of the characteristic calcifications, low density and cysts of astrocytoma, and homogeneously hyperdense medulloblastomas account for approximately half of the tumors. Most of the remaining half can be accurately diagnosed by using combinations of size, location, and more general characteristics of density and contrast enhancement. PMID- 6686807 TI - Intramedullary spinal cord tumors. PMID- 6686808 TI - Effect of antacids on intragastric pH in healthy subjects and duodenal ulcer patients. Influence of the size of the antacid dose and of anticholinergics. AB - Different doses of two liquid antacids, alone and combined with an anticholinergic agent, were studied with respect to the duration of antacid action. The studies were performed in healthy subjects with MAO less than 30 mmol/h and in duodenal ulcer patients with MAO greater than 35 mmol/h. Gastric pH was recorded using radiotelemetric technique (Heidelberg capsule). In the healthy subjects, there was no significant difference in the duration of action with the different doses but in duodenal ulcer patients a tenfold increase of the antacid dose resulted in a doubling of the duration of action. Combined treatment with an anticholinergic and antacids enhanced the antacid effects in both groups. It is concluded that an antacid dose should be so great that it binds secreted acid before the dose leaves the stomach. Further increase of the dose will not increase the duration. Concomitant use of an anticholinergic agent increases the duration of antacid action. PMID- 6686809 TI - An evaluation of a duodenal perfusion technique in human studies. AB - A retrospective evaluation was carried out on the standard duodenal perfusion technique in human subjects. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000), non-labelled or labelled with 14C, and phenol red were used as duodenal and gastric recovery markers, respectively. The evaluation was limited to the 2-h equilibration period in each study. The studies were carried out on the subjects sitting in an armchair. Multi-perforated wide-bore aspiration tubes accompanied with air ventiles were used for duodenal and gastric aspiration. High perfusion flow rates (less than or equal to 13.5 ml min-1) and a long perfusion segment (15-20 cm) were applied in the duodenum and the collection periods were kept short. An efficient gastric and duodenal aspiration was obtained in most studies with a limited gastro-duodenal and duodeno-gastric flux. On average, the fluctuations in concentration of the duodenal marker (PEG 4000) ('steady state'), expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV), were 13.1 +/- 1.0% (SEM, n = 66). Correlation analysis suggested that the 'steady state' conditions in the duodenum were improved by an efficient gastric and duodenal aspiration and a high perfusion flow rate. This was supported by an inverse correlation found between the magnitude of the gastro-duodenal flux and the marker's fluctuations, the efficiency of the gastric aspiration and the magnitude of the gastro-duodenal flux, and the efficiency of the duodenal aspiration and the magnitude of the duodeno-gastric flux. A high correlation was found between the two duodenal perfusion markers used, PEG 4000 and 14C PEG 4000. PMID- 6686811 TI - Heterogeneity of splanchnic vascular transit times in man. AB - A new method of quantifying the heterogeneity of transit times through vascular beds, free from corrections for effects of recirculation, is applied to data of splanchnic transit times in eight normal subjects and three patients with cirrhosis and end-to-side portocaval shunts, as obtained by Bradley's method. There is proportionality between the heterogeneity, expressed as standard deviation and the mean transit time in the eight normal subjects. The heterogeneity of plasma transit times is not appreciably larger than that of red blood cells, despite the larger volume of distribution of plasma. This may suggest that the large vessels contribute substantially to the dispersions of vascular transits in the entire splanchnic system. Pearson Type III distribution is proposed for the frequency function of the splanchnic transit times, and the power of the pre-exponential factor is deduced for plasma and for red blood cells. It is found that the initial splanchnic transits are dominated by plasma, this may be due to sequestration of red cells in the spleen. The heterogeneity of transit times in normals is not appreciably different from that in patients with cirrhosis and portocaval shunt, which suggests that the extra heterogeneity of the cirrhotic liver is of the same order as the heterogeneity of the normal extrahepatic splanchnic organs. The method may be a useful tool to describe heterogeneity of vascular transits in other organs. PMID- 6686810 TI - Effects of jejunal reinfusion of aspirated duodenal fluid on biliary and pancreatic secretion in man. AB - The standard duodenal perfusion technique was used to measure biliary and pancreatic secretion in normal subjects, with and without jejunal reinfusion of aspirated duodenal fluid. In studies carried out without reinfusion of the duodenal aspirate, and where a continuous background stimulation of caerulein and secretin was given throughout the studies to eliminate extrahepatic biliary storage, a gradual fall in bile salt and bilirubin secretion was observed. In contrast, when the experiments were carried out in these same individuals, and under exactly the same experimental conditions except that the duodenal aspirate, rich in bile and pancreatic juice, was in every successive collection period reinfused into the jejunum, the bile salt secretion remained stable and the bilirubin secretion increased. In neither series of studies were there any definite changes in the secretory output of trypsin. The total secretory output of bicarbonate was, however, marginally greater in studies carried out with jejunal reinfusion of the aspirate than in the studies where the aspirate was discarded. Carried out under basal conditions, a gradual fall in both biliary and pancreatic secretion was observed in both series of studies. These results indicate that partial diversion of bile and pancreatic juice from the jejunum in man may affect hepato-biliary secretion of bile salts and bilirubin and the secretion of bicarbonate. PMID- 6686812 TI - Platelet aggregability in smoking and non-smoking subjects. AB - The hypothesis was investigated that the arachidonic acid (AA) system has a different impact on platelet function in smoking compared to non-smoking subjects. Arterial blood was sampled from smokers and non-smokers, and platelet rich plasma (PRP) was prepared. There were no differences in sex and age distribution between the groups. One portion of the PRP was used to determine the lowest amount of AA required to induce platelet aggregation. In other portions the endogenous anti-aggregatory (prostacyclin/PGI2/-like) activity in the blood was determined, after reinforcing it with theophylline. There was no difference between smokers and non-smokers regarding the amount of AA required to induce platelet aggregation. In fresh PRP prepared from blood from non-smoking subjects theophylline (10(-4) M) induced a 12-17% inhibition of the ADP-induced aggregation of platelets, indicating the presence of endogenous subthreshold concentrations of PGI2-like activity in their blood. The corresponding inhibition in fresh PRP prepared from blood from smokers was significantly lower (4-7%), suggesting lower endogenous concentrations of PGI2-like activity in their blood, or alternatively, decreased platelet sensitivity to the action of such activity. From these data we conclude that smokers differ from non-smokers with regard to their platelet function: platelet aggregability in response to AA is unaffected, while the endogenous anti-aggregatory power in the plasma is decreased. These observations may be of significance for the cardiovascular hazards connected with smoking. PMID- 6686814 TI - Placenta flow index in posterior wall placentas measured with 99mtechnetium labelled human serum albumin. AB - Measurement of the perfusion of posterior wall placentas with the isotope technique may pose a problem owing to attenuation of the gamma radiation. The present investigation compares the placenta flow index (PFI) in 34 pregnant women with anterior wall placenta and 13 with posterior wall placenta. We found no difference in the shortest skin-to-placenta distance on ultrasound scanning and no difference in PFI between the anterior and the posterior wall placentas. PMID- 6686816 TI - Use of circulating progesterone and estradiol levels to predict outcome of pregnancy in cases of threatened abortion. PMID- 6686813 TI - A telemetric technique for studies of venous pressure in the human leg during different positions and activities. AB - The pressure in the saphenous vein of the lower leg was monitored by ordinary ECG telemetry equipment supplied with a pressure transducer, a chopper and an extra filter. In eight healthy volunteers venous pressure averaged 80 +/- 5 (SD) mmHg in the standing position and 21 +/- 10 (SD) mmHg during slow walking. When the subjects were occupied with laboratory work in upright position the mean venous pressure was 40-50 mmHg, similar to that obtained sitting at a desk: 48 +/- 5 (SD) mmHg. PMID- 6686817 TI - Morningness-eveningness preferences and sleep-waking dairy data of morning and evening types in student and worker samples. PMID- 6686818 TI - Isolation and symmetrical splitting of desmosomal structures in 9 M urea. AB - A new way of isolating desmosomal structures from various epithelia is described which takes advantage of the unusual resistance of the desmosomal plaque and parts of the desmosomal membrane domain to denaturing agents such as 9 M urea and 5 M guanidinium hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl). The fractions obtained have been examined by electron microscopy and by gel electrophoresis. When cytoskeletal fractions from epithelial cells, notably those from multistratified epithelia such as bovine epidermis or tongue mucosa, are treated with urea or Gdn-HCl most of the cytoskeletal protein, including cytokeratin material, is removed. The desmosomal structures, however, are retained with well preserved plaque organization and desmoglea components and can be harvested by centrifugation. This simple and rapid procedure for the enrichment of desmosomal structures and proteins also express internal desmosomal domains as the result of "splitting" of the desmosome along the midline structure. These split desmosomal halves reveal regular arrays of desmogleal particles of 8 to 15 nm diameter projecting from the membrane surface. Gel electrophoresis of the polypeptides present in these residual structures has shown prominent amounts of desmoplakins I and II as well as components 3 and 5 whereas glycoproteins 4a and 4b are significantly reduced in relation to untreated or citric acid-treated fractions. Using immunoelectron microscopy on desmosomes split in urea we have also demonstrated the specific localization of desmoplakin on the cytoplasmic side. The observations suggest that the architectural components of the desmosome are among the cell structures most resistant to protein-denaturing treatments. The value of this procedure for preparations of desmosomal proteins and for the production of antibodies specifically reacting with internal domains of junctions, i.e., tools that may interfere with cell-to-cell coupling, is discussed. PMID- 6686815 TI - A quantitative ultrastructural study of the effects of phenylacetate on synaptic organization in the developing rat cerebral cortex. AB - Male rats were injected with either phenylacetate (PA; a phenylalanine metabolite) or saline (control). Osmicated tissue from the parietal cortex was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, attention being focused on possible synaptic changes in the molecular layer. PA-treated rats differed from controls in the following ways: a 20% decrease in body weight at 21 days, and a reduction in brain weight at 10 and 21 days; the presence of 'atypical' profiles (possibly derived from axonal growth cones) in the neuropil; a lag in the accretion of synapses per 100 micron2 of tissue, and of vesicles per micron2 of presynaptic terminal; the presence of a 'crossover' in the developmental trend for several synaptic organizational parameters between days 15 and 21; an elevation in synaptic density at day 21; an increased proportion of negatively curved synapses at 21 days; a significant difference in the preponderance of axodendritic synapses over days 7-21. This suggests that the metabolism of some neurons in the PA brain is initially different from normal, with a lag in synaptic development being evident. The increase in synaptic density and the relative preponderance of other synaptic parameters at 21 days signifies that an initial lag in development may alter the developmental scheme. This may be coupled with changes in synaptic efficacy and connectivity. PMID- 6686819 TI - [Amanita virosa peptides: viroidin and viroisin are more effective than phalloidin for the in vitro protection of actin against the effects of osmic acid]. AB - Virotoxins are a group of monocyclic peptides recently identified in the deadly mushroom Amanita virosa by Faulstich and coll. We found that two of these peptides, which have a methyl sulfonyl group, namely viroidin and viroisin are very effective to protect F-actin against oxidative degradation by osmium tetroxide in vitro. Their desoxo analogs, which have a methyl sulfoxyde group instead of methyl sulfonyl are less active, therefore there exists a relationship between the chemistry of the sulfur group and the activity of the peptides. PMID- 6686820 TI - Visualization of actin in situ by rhodamine-conjugated phalloin in the fungus Uromyces phaseoli. AB - Rhodamine-conjugated phalloin, a derivative of phalloidin which binds to F-actin, was associated with three types of structures in uredospore germlings of the bean rust fungus, Uromyces phaseoli. The structures were filaments, peripheral plaques, and intranuclear inclusions. The filaments, located throughout the germ tube but especially in the more basipetal regions, were observed as either barely perceivable, fine elements or as easily detectable, coarser structures. The plaques, which we suggest to be equivalent to filasomes, occurred near the periphery of the cell's cytoplasm. They were most numerous in the hyphal tip regions. Nuclear inclusions occurred within the nucleoplasm subjacent to the spindle pole body. Treatments with KI and phalloidin substantiated that the fluorescently labelled sites were F-actin. Treatment of the germlings with cytochalasin E caused the intranuclear inclusions to become extended often with branched, fine filaments. Similar treatments led to a disappearance of cytoplasmic filaments, but had no perceivable effect on the peripheral plaques. PMID- 6686821 TI - Effects of wisanine and dihydrowisanine on aggressive behaviour in chicks. AB - The effects of wisanine and dihydrowisanine were studied on stereotyped and aggressive behaviour induced by apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) in chicks. Pretreatment of chicks with wisanine (0.3-0.6 g/kg i.p.) and dihydrowisanine (0.2 0.4 g/kg i.p.) dose dependently antagonised fighting episodes and pecking of the chick's own feet and those of other chicks. It has been suggested that the antagonism is due to dopaminergic receptor blockade and demonstrates the antipsychotic effect of these drugs. PMID- 6686823 TI - [Membranous subaortic stenosis]. PMID- 6686822 TI - Phenobarbital tolerance and physical dependence: chronically equivalent dosing model. AB - A rat model of phenobarbital tolerance and physical dependence has been developed based on the 'maximally tolerable, chronically equivalent' dosing paradigm. Sodium phenobarbital was administered orally twice daily for 35 days in individually adjusted doses to achieve mean daily peak CNS depression culminating in severe ataxia. Dose to dose continuity of CNS depression was maintained throughout treatment. At the time of dosing rats were mildly ataxic. Following abrupt termination of chronic treatment, an abstinence syndrome characterized by CNS hyperexcitability was observed, which demonstrates physical dependence. Signs, which included motor, autonomic, and behavioral manifestations, appeared from 12-24 h and animals recovered by 12 days. Although tolerance development was nearly complete on day 10 of treatment, the abstinence syndrome observed was more severe following 35 than after 10 days of chronic treatment. Characteristics of tolerance and physical dependence are similar to those described for other species including humans. PMID- 6686825 TI - [Estimation of the 17 beta-estradiol secretion-time correlation based on serum 17 beta-estradiol levels in healthy pregnant women]. PMID- 6686826 TI - Aggregates of microfilaments in astrocytes and fibroblasts in tissue culture in vitro as revealed with Coomassie brilliant blue R 250. AB - In tissue culture in vitro in fibroblasts cultivated on glass coverslips numerous aggregates of microfilaments demonstrating the typically parallel arrangement and originating intercellular connections were found. In contrast to the structural microfilamentous organization of fibroblasts, in glial cells of astrocyte type the microfilament aggregates are short and do not demonstrate a tendency to structural organization. The Coomassie blue positive substances either form granules of various size or are of irregular form and sometimes of rod -like appearance. In astrocyte-like cells of neoplastic origin no elements of the cytoskeleton could be demonstrated by this method. The differences in the structural organization of the cytoskeleton of mesodermal and neuroectodermal cells are discussed. PMID- 6686824 TI - Synchronization effect of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum on a human neuroblastoma in vitro and in nude mice. AB - The effects of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP) on the cell kinetics of human neuroblastoma both in vitro and in vivo were analyzed by computer-aided flow cytometry. In the in vitro system, CDDP at the concentration of 1.0 microgram/ml of medium blocked early S phase and synchronized proliferating cells into the S phase within 24 hr. By 72 hr, cells in G2 + M phase reached the maximum level. CDDP at concentrations either lower or higher than 1.0 microgram/ml showed no synchronization effect. In the in vivo system, human neuroblastoma grown in nude mice had a larger proportion of cells in G0 + G1 phase than did in vitro cells of the same origin, explaining the refractory nature of the tumors to therapy. CDDP, when given as a single dose of 10 mg/kg of mouse weight showed a maximum synchronization of cells in the S phase by 48 hr, and caused an accumulation of cells in G2 + M phase by 72 hr. This accumulation of cells in G2 + M phase was thought to represent the overflow of cells from the S phase into G2 + M phase, resulting from the disappearance of the blocking effect of CDDP with time. Judging from these sequential changes in vivo, a second drug with specific cytocidal effect on S phase cells should work best 48 hr after the initial CDDP therapy, and drugs specific to G2 + M phase or radiotherapy should be added at 72 hr. Such preclinical experiments may be useful in the design of combination chemotherapy regimens against human neuroblastoma. PMID- 6686827 TI - [Culture of mouse embryo for the toxicological evaluation of drugs in vitro. (1). Establishment of in vitro culture system and effect of 6-mercaptopurine on development of early stage embryo]. AB - The basal conditions for culture of early mouse embryo in vitro were examined for drug evaluation. Among the media tested, BMOC-III was most suitable for mouse embryo culture. Changing the medium at 1 or 3 hr after culture was harmful to the survival and/or development of early staged embryos, whereas at 12 or 24 hr after culture, changing of the medium showed slight effect on embryo development. Eight cell staged embryos were more resistant to changing medium that two-cell staged ones. Preliminary work using a suitable culture system established that exposure to 6-mercaptopurine for 12 or 24 hr resulted in a prolonged developmental rate at each stage. The effects showed a dose-dependent relationship with the 24 hr exposure. It was suggested that inhibition of the developmental rate during exposure resulted from a direct toxic effect on the cell and that the inhibition after exposure resulted from metabolic toxicity. PMID- 6686829 TI - Genes: structure and expression. PMID- 6686828 TI - [Physical dependence liabilities of butorphanol, a narcotic antagonist, and its main metabolites, norbutorphanol and hydroxybutorphanol]. AB - After the intravenous injection of butorphanol or norbutorphanol in rats every 1 hr for 3 days, naloxone-induced body weight loss and withdrawal syndrome were observed to some degree. A slow-released emulsion containing each of the test drugs was injected subcutaneously in guinea-pigs, and naloxone was administered after 2 or 3 days. BT caused little jumping response even at a dose of 600 mg/kg, and the reaction was significantly weaker than that of pentazocine. No jumping responses were recognized in the cases of NB (600 mg/kg). In morphinized rats, the injection of BT or HB caused potent body weight loss, and these rats exhibited withdrawal syndrome which was more potent than that by pentazocine at the same dose. The body weight losses by the injection of NB and pentazocine were to the same degree, and these changes were significantly different from that of the saline control. BT inhibited the adenylate cyclase activity of the rat caudate nuclei, and the effect was weaker than that of pentazocine. NB showed a slight inhibition, and HB had no effect on the activity. These results suggest that the physical dependence liability of butorphanol is less than that of pentazocine, and the potent mu-antagonistic character of butorphanol is based on the liability. NB, a mu-agonist, makes dependence production possible. The ability of HB is negligible. PMID- 6686830 TI - Transport of proteins from the sites of genetic expression to their sites of functional expression: protein conformation and thermodynamic aspects. PMID- 6686831 TI - The non-universality of the genetic code. PMID- 6686834 TI - Effect of zinc sulphate-induced anosmia on estrous cycle of the laboratory mice. PMID- 6686833 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors antagonise amphetamine stereotypy in rats. PMID- 6686832 TI - A study of the effects of tamrabhasma, an indigenous preparation of copper on experimental gastric ulcers & secretion. PMID- 6686835 TI - Role of host factors in carcinogenesis induced in mice by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. PMID- 6686836 TI - Penetration of trimethoprim--sulfadiazine into middle ear fluid in secretory otitis media. AB - Thirty-nine middle ear fluid samples from 23 patients with chronic secretory otitis media were studied. The patients received 3 doses of 3 mg of trimethoprim and 5 mg of sulfadiazine per kg body weight before tympanostomy, the last dose being given 80-270 min (mean 142 min) prior to operation. Mean trimethoprim concentrations were 1.62 micrograms/ml (range 0.8-3.5) and mean sulfadiazine concentrations 10.54 micrograms/ml (range 0-25.0). For most patients the levels exceeded the usual MIC-values for the two commonest pathogens; pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae. Otitis media caused by beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus is an important indication for trimethoprim-sulfonamide therapy. PMID- 6686837 TI - Hemisphere lateralization of inductive and deductive processes. AB - Experiments were performed on 453 Wistar rats. Motion-food and electrodefensive behavioral techniques were applied. The following models were used: a conditioned reflex formation, generalization and specialization of a conditioned reflex, the dynamic stereotype, visual image synthesizing, a conditioned reflex to a stimulus complex. Primary and secondary analysis and synthesis of stimuli were discriminated. Induction and deduction were considered as a certain sequence of analysis and synthesis in time. Primary analysis and secondary synthesis were shown to be mainly lateralized in the left hemisphere and primary synthesis and secondary analysis in the right one. The conclusion was drawn that, in animals, the left hemisphere processes information mainly according to the principle of induction (from the particular to the general) and the right one does so according to the principle of deduction (from the general to the particular). PMID- 6686838 TI - Effect of experimental hyperphenylalaninemia on myelin metabolism at later stages of brain development. AB - Myelination is the most important process in postnatal maturation of the nervous system and during this period the growing infant passes through a "vulnerable period" during which irreversible brain damage can occur if the neonate is subjected to a potential neurotoxin. This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms by which chronic hyperphenylalaninemia interferes with myelin metabolism, beyond the neonatal period of rapid myelination, at a time when myelin continues to accumulate. Rats of 25 days of age were placed on a hyperphenylalanimenia (HyPhe) inducing diet of 5% phenylalanine plus 0.4% alpha methylphenylalanine (alpha MP) at 25 days of age to approximate plasma phenylalanine levels of an untreated human PKU patient (1.5 mM). The HyPhe group exhibited approximately a 15% decrease in the amount of myelin protein throughout the 70 days of the study. The rate of incorporation of 3H-lysine into both TCA precipitable whole brain proteins or myelin proteins did not vary from the HyPhe group and a weight matched control group (WMC). Therefore, this loss of myelin could not be attributed to a hypo-myelination. The turnover of whole brain proteins also was unaffected by the HyPhe treatment; however, the turnover of myelin proteins in the HyPhe group was dramatically different (t 1/2 = 3 days) from that of the WMC group (t 1/2 = 36 days) or a group treated with only alpha MP (t 1/2 = 26 days). PMID- 6686840 TI - Primary or haemorrhagic thrombocythaemia. PMID- 6686839 TI - Circadian acrophases of powers and frequencies in the waking EEG. AB - Circadian changes in frequencies and powers of the close-eyed EEG were measured over six days in 12 healthy volunteers living in a regular rest-activity cycle. EEGs were recorded every two hours and the probands were awakened for the recordings during the period of rest. Circadian rhythms occurred in powers and frequencies with diurnal amplitudes differing between individuals and locally on the scalp. Acrophases of peak frequencies and beta-power coincide with those of body temperature between 5 and 7 p.m., however, the crests of the diurnal rhythms in delta-, theta- and alpha-power varied more between individuals and covered systematically different times of the day. Acrophases of delta- and theta-powers occurred during the second half of the rest period and during the first half of the waking period. Only powers in the alpha-band showed locally different acrophases on the scalp. This could be observed in single individuals, too. In the central and parietal leads, acrophases of alpha-power were found during rest, whereas in the occipital leads of some probands acrophases occurred in the second half of the waking period. PMID- 6686841 TI - Evidence for multiple interconvertible forms of adenylate cyclase detected by forskolin activation. AB - Activation of luteal adenylate cyclase has been measured as a function of forskolin concentration using 15 mM Mg2+ and 2, 5 and 15 mM Mn2+ as divalent cation. Analysis of these data demonstrates that activation is best described by a mixture of two binding sites which differ in their affinity for forskolin. The apparent dissociation constants of about 0.5 microM and 15 microM showed little change with type or concentration of metal ion. The overall increase in activation over basal activity (delta Vmax) was highest with Mg2+ at 1.17 nmol/min/mg protein, decreased about 10% with 2 mM Mn2+ to 1.02 pmol/min/mg and about 20% with 5 and 15 mM Mn2+ (approximately 0.9 nmol/min/mg). The major effect of increasing Mn2+ ion is to alter the amount of activation attributable to each binding site. At 2 mM Mn2+ 74% of the activation is associated with the low affinity site (Kd approximately 15 microM) compared to 80% with Mg2+. In contrast, only 41% of the activation is associated with the low affinity site using 5 and 15 mM Mn2+. In a separate experiment 5 and 15 mM Mn2+ were found to cause uncoupling of Gpp (NH) p activation. These results suggest that the different affinities for forskolin are related to differences in the interaction between the regulatory and catalytic subunit and indicate that forskolin activation will be a useful tool in studying the regulation of adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6686842 TI - Ruminal infusion of ammonium chloride in lactating cows to determine effect of pH on ammonia trapping. AB - Milking rations containing 16 (control), 13.2, and 10.4% protein were fed to four midlactation, rumen-fistulated Holstein cows. Ammonium chloride was infused ruminally for 5 consecutive days after morning feeding when cows were fed milking rations containing 13.2 and 10.4% protein. Amount infused was equivalent to the ammonia in 1 or 2% dietary urea. Rumen and blood samples were taken prior to and following morning feedings. Intake of milking ration was the same across treatments. Initial rumen pH was higher for ammonium chloride treatments. It then declined, as did the control, to the same, lowest pH at 1.5 to 3 h postfeeding. Rumen ammonia increased rapidly for cows receiving both ammonium chloride treatments to .5 h postfeeding and then declined rapidly. Blood urea nitrogen was highest for cows fed the control ration, peaked .5 h postfeeding for cows infused with the low ammonium chloride, then dropped and peaked again 6 h postfeeding. Blood ammonia was highest among treatments for control cows and differed by sampling time only for control cows with a peak .5 h postfeeding. Because lower rumen pH traps ammonia preventing rapid absorption into blood, interpretation of high rumen ammonia must consider effect of rumen pH. PMID- 6686843 TI - Studies on the cryopreservation of eggs of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. AB - The possibility of cryopreserving the eggs of Angiostrongylus cantonensis collected from the uterus of female worms was investigated. Eggs were cultured in NCTC 109 medium containing 50% rat serum, and various growth stages, from one cell eggs to embryonated eggs, were used in this study. As a cryoprotective agent, dimethylsulphoxide (Me2SO) was added to the medium at a final concentration of 1 M. Eggs suspended in 0.2 ml of the medium at 37 degrees C were cooled to 0 degrees C at a rate of 1 degree C min-1, then an equal volume of 2M Me2SO solution was added. After equilibration for 15 min, the freezing procedures were started. In the freezing procedures, the effectiveness of (i) a seeding process, (ii) different cooling and warming rates and (iii) the relationship between the growth stages of the eggs and their tolerance to freezing at -20 degrees C were investigated. It was found the highest level of survival could be obtained with 32-cell eggs cooled at a rate of 0.3 degrees C min-1 or more slowly with seeding at -4 degrees C and warming at a rate of 5 degrees C min-1. Survival was influenced more by cooling rate than by warming rate. Using these optimum conditions, the survival of eggs was then investigated following cooling to various temperatures. While more than 50% of eggs were found to survive cooling to -30 degrees C, extremely low survival was noted from lower temperatures. PMID- 6686844 TI - Interferon as an in vitro modifier of immune responses induced by combined vaccine (DTP) in mice. AB - The ability of DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccine to stimulate IgG plaque forming cells (PFC) in mice was markedly inhibited by human leukocyte and mouse fibroblast interferon (IF). This effect of IF was not dose-dependent. The maximum inhibitory effect of human IF was observed on Day 10 after the administration of the vaccine. The inhibition of IgM-PFC was more severe when human IF was used. Although IF abrogated the effect of DTP vaccine on IgG-PFC, at the same time it stimulated PFC in the control group of non-vaccinated animals. The administration of DTP vaccine decreased IgM-PFC on Day 5, the effect was enforced by the addition of both human and mouse IF. IF decreased IgM-PFC in the control group. Small and large doses of DTP suppressed the leukocyte adherance inhibition (LAI) on Day 5 after administration of the vaccine, the effect was not affected by addition of IF. The suppressive effect of DTP was lost on Day 10 when addition of IF increased the percent of LAI in all experimental groups. Thus IF appears to interfere with the effect of DTP and selectively modulate the different immune responses. PMID- 6686845 TI - Lipoprotein metabolism in the suckling rat: characterization of plasma and lymphatic lipoproteins. AB - Suckling rat plasma contains (in mg/dl): chylomicrons (85 +/- 12); VLDL (50 +/- 6); LDL (200 +/- 23); HDL1 (125 +/- 20); and HDL2 (220 +/- 10), while lymph contains (in mg/dl): chylomicrons (9650 +/- 850) and VLDL (4570 +/- 435) and smaller amounts of LDL and HDL. The lipid composition of plasma and lymph lipoproteins are similar to those reported for adults, except that LDL and HDL1 have a somewhat higher lipid content. The apoprotein compositions of plasma lipoproteins are similar to those of adult lipoproteins except for the LDL fraction, which contains appreciable quantities of apoproteins other than apoB. Although the LDL fraction was homogeneous by analytical ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis, the apoprotein composition suggests the presence of another class of lipoproteins, perhaps a lipid-rich HDL1. The lipoproteins of lymph showed low levels of apoproteins E and C. The triacylglycerols in chylomicrons and VLDL of both lymph and plasma are rich in medium-chain-length fatty acids, whereas those in LDL and HDL have little or none. Phospholipids in all lipoproteins lack medium-chain-length fatty acids. The cholesteryl esters of the high density lipoproteins are enriched in arachidonic acid, whereas those in chylomicrons, VLDL, and LDL are enriched in linoleic acid, suggesting little or no exchange of cholesteryl esters between these classes of lipoproteins. The fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and lysophosphatidylcholine were relatively constant in all lipoprotein fractions, suggesting ready exchange of these phospholipids. However, the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylethanolamine in plasma chylomicrons and VLDL differed from that in plasma LDL, HDL1, and HDL2. LDL, HDL1, and HDL2 were characterized by analytical ultracentrifugation and shown to have properties similar to that reported for adult lipoproteins. The much higher concentration of triacylglycerol rich lipoproteins in lymph, compared to plasma, suggests rapid clearance of these lipoproteins from the circulation. PMID- 6686847 TI - Effects of cloned human leukocyte interferons in the human tumor stem cell assay. AB - Clonogenic tumor cells from fresh biopsies of human cancers were cultivated in vitro and tested for sensitivity by continuous exposure to pharmacologically achievable concentrations of either of two highly purified human leukocyte interferon subtypes (IFN-alpha A and IFN-alpha D) prepared by recombinant DNA methods. The interferons were compared on a weight basis at concentrations of 0.4 and 4.0 ng/ml (equivalent to 80 and 800 units of interferon activity for IFN alpha A and 2.0 and 20 units for IFN-alpha D). Inhibition of tumor colony-forming units (50% of control or less) was observed in 38.1% of the 273 tumors tested against IFN-alpha A, and in 16% of the 71 tumors tested against IFN-alpha D. Of the tumor types with at least ten samples tested against IFN-alpha A, the percentage of cases exhibiting inhibition was as follows: melanoma (51.7%), lung cancer (50%), myeloma (33.4%), ovarian cancer (33.9%), sarcoma (33.3%), adenocarcinoma of unknown primary (30.4%), breast cancer (28%), acute leukemia (30.8%), and renal cancer (23%). More marked inhibition (30% of control or less) was observed in 18.7% of all tumors tested against IFN-alpha A. Of 60 melanomas tested, 18 (30%) exhibited marked in vitro inhibition of growth with IFN-alpha A. Although a smaller number of tumors (71) were tested against IFN-alpha D on a weight basis, it appeared, in general, to be slightly less active than IFN-alpha A (p less than 0.01), and only 8% of tumors tested exhibited marked inhibition over the same dosage range of interferon. Comparison of the dose-response curves for the 68 tumors tested simultaneously against both interferons did not reveal marked interpatient differences in the inhibition curves, although IFN-alpha D was slightly less active overall. Tumors exhibiting at least 50% inhibition of tumor colony formation also proved to be sensitive to a significantly larger number of cytotoxic drugs (tested simultaneously) than the tumors not inhibited with interferon (p less than 0.0001 for IFN-alpha A). We conclude that the in vitro clonogenic assay may aid in targeting tumor types most likely to exhibit interferon sensitivity and assist in case selection for entry into clinical trials with cloned interferons. PMID- 6686846 TI - Variation of serum myoglobin levels in normal individuals. With reference to the use of myoglobin measurements for the detection of women carrying genes for the X linked muscular dystrophies. AB - The extent of variation in the serum myoglobin (Mb) levels of normal healthy females were investigated so that the value of Mb measurements for carrier detection could be properly assessed. Factors considered were sex, age, menstrual status, pregnancy, diurnal variation and daily activity. In each instance, Mb levels were compared with those for serum creatine kinase (CK). A significant difference (P less than 0.001) was found between the Mb levels of men and women but no relationship could be found between several measurements of body build and the Mb or CK levels of either sex. An apparent correlation of Mb concentrations with age was found in control groups of both sexes up to 85 years of age, but this was not significant below 60 years of age. No differences in Mb levels were found among premenarchal, menstruating, postmenopausal or hysterectomised women and neither smoking nor the use of oral contraceptives seemed to affect Mb levels. Serum CK levels were very much higher in premenarchal (P less than 0.001) and postmenarchal (P less than 0.05) teenagers than in adult controls. No difference was found between the mean Mb levels of non-pregnant and pregnant (6 40 weeks) women. The mean value for CK activity was significantly lower than normal in the pregnant women (P less than 0.001). A marked circadian rhythm of serum MB levels was found with samples taken at 5 p.m. being approximately 20% lower than those taken at 9 a.m. This unexpected decrease during the day persisted with 48 hours of bedrest suggesting that this rhythm is inherent and unrelated to muscular activity. PMID- 6686849 TI - Randomized study of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (VP16-213) with or without cisplatinum in non-small cell lung cancer. AB - Sixty-eight patients with non-small cell lung cancer were treated in a prospectively randomized study with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and etoposide (VP16-213) with cisplatinum (CAE +/- P). Response rate, time to progression, and survival of CAE-P treated patients were each superior compared to those of patients who received CAE therapy. Of 36 patients, 10 (4 complete remissions, 6 partial remissions) responded to CAE-P and of 29 patients 3 (1 complete remission, 2 partial remissions) responded to CAE (p = 0.073). The median time to treatment failure was 22.9 wk for the CAE-P regimen and 15.0 wk for CAE (p = 0.032). The median survival for patients treated on the regimen with and without cisplatinum was 34.5 and 22.5 wk, respectively (p = 0.04). There were two CAE-P and one CAE drug-related deaths. Toxic effects were more severe in the CAE-P regimen. The addition of cisplatinum to the CAE combination produced an increase in response rate with significant prolongation in both time to progression and survival, but did add morbidity. These results suggest that the combined use of cisplatinum with at least one of the chemotherapeutic agents in the CAE regimen is synergistic. PMID- 6686850 TI - Pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol in non-lactating cattle. AB - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of a formulation of chloramphenicol base in propylene glycol were determined following administration of single intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) 50 mg/kg doses of chloramphenicol to six non-lactating Holstein cows. Mean serum concentrations of chloramphenicol following i.v. administration of 50 mg/kg declined rapidly from a peak of greater than 100 micrograms/ml to 6.9 micrograms/ml at 12 h after administration. Serum concentrations were not detectable at 24 h after administration. The curve of serum concentrations vs time was characteristic of a two-compartment open model. Mean i.v. data gave a biological half-life of 4.3 h and a volume of distribution of the central compartment of 0.44 l/kg. Serum concentrations of chloramphenicol following s.c. administration of 50 mg/kg rose slowly to a broad peak near 20 micrograms/ml from 3 to 8 h after administration and then declined. These data were also analysed according to a two-compartment open model. The biological half life was 4.2 h and the volume of distribution of the central compartment was 0.50 l/kg. Significant adverse reactions, including acute collapse, intravascular haemolysis and haemoglobinuria, were observed in cows when dosed i.v. Cows dosed s.c. exhibited local reactions at injection sites. The disadvantages of administration of 50 mg/kg doses of chloramphenicol base in propylene glycol appear to be significant and may outweight the potential advantages of parenteral use of the drug as presently formulated. PMID- 6686851 TI - A case of idiopathic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy causing severe right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in infancy. AB - An infant with idiopathic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, presenting as severe right ventricular outflow obstruction, is described. The nonspecific clinical features and an unexpected angiocardiographic appearance made determining the correct diagnosis difficult. This infant was mistakenly diagnosed as having severe pulmonary stenosis. Attempted surgical correction was unsuccessful and at necropsy this diagnosis was confirmed. It is suggested that cross-sectional echocardiography may be diagnostic for infants with idiopathic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6686848 TI - Combination chemotherapy with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum and vinblastine in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. AB - Twenty-seven patients (25 males and 2 females) with histologically confirmed, unresectable, or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer were entered on a combination chemotherapy protocol including cisplatinum and vinblastine sulfate (DDP)(VLB). Patients had to have measurable disease as defined by the presence of two clearly measurable perpendicular diameters, be untreated with either chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and give informed consent to be eligible for study entry. The median age was 57 yr and the median performance status was 70 (Karnofsky scale); 10 patients had epidermoid carcinoma, 9 adenocarcinoma, 4 large cell carcinoma, and 4 undifferentiated carcinoma. All patients had intrathoracic disease, 12 also had extrathoracic lymph node involvement, 8 bone involvement, 2 liver metastasis, and 2 central nervous system metastasis prior to beginning chemotherapy; 9 patients had involvement of one site, 12 of two sites, 5 of three sites, and 1 of four sites. Cisplatinum was given as a short intravenous infusion of 120 mg/m2 on days 1 and 28, and then every 6 wk. Vinblastine was administered as an intravenous injection of 8 mg/m2 on days 1, 14, and 28, and then every 3 wk. Patients were evaluated prior to each course of cisplatinum. If progression occurred, therapy was discontinued. If stabilization or response was noted, then therapy was continued until intolerable toxicity or progression supervened. Every patient entered is considered evaluable for toxicity and response. There were no complete remissions; 14 patients achieved a partial response, 3 had a minimal response, 5 had stabilization of their disease, 1 had disease progression, and 4 are considered to have had drug deaths. Responses were seen after the first cisplatinum course in 13 patients and after the second in 1. Toxicities seen were universal nausea and vomiting; elevation of creatinine occurred in 6 patients, ranging from 2.1 to 14.6 mg/dl, and was clinically significant in 2 patients. Myelosuppression, with a leukocyte nadir of less than 3.0 X 10(9)l in 10 cases and platelet nadir of less than 100.0 X 10(9)l was seen in 5 cases and partial hearing deficit occurred in 2 patients. Median survival was 22 wk for the whole group (24 wk for the whole group if the 4 early drug deaths are excluded). Median survival was 26 wk for responding patients and 13 wk for nonresponding patients (remains the same if the early deaths are excluded from the latter group).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6686853 TI - [Various principles of treatment of hypertension with diuretics]. AB - A scheme of prolonged continuous treatment has been developed for patients with essential hypertension (EH). It is based on the principle of differentiated application of the drug in individualized doses, and furosemide testing with subsequent switching to small doses of hypothiazide or some other diuretic agent conducive to the maintenance of the daily natriuresis/mean AP ratio at 1.9-2.0. A series of procedures are also proposed which prevent the development of refractory reaction to the drug or side-effects. The scheme was tested in the course of diuretic treatment of 110 in-patients with EH, stage IIA and IIB, of which 23 were subsequently treated for 6-12 months on an out-patient basis. It was noted that 22% of EH patients were highly sensitive to diuretics, 40-43% showed moderate sensitivity, so that 2-3 weeks' courses of small doses of beta blockers or corinfar were needed 4-5 times a year to provide a good hypotensive effect, and 38-35% of patients showed poor sensitivity to diuretics and should preferably be treated with other hypotensive agents. The diuretic treatment according to the new regimen was associated with a reduced rate of side-effects. PMID- 6686854 TI - [Cardiomyopathies (classification, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis)]. PMID- 6686852 TI - Physical dependence on meprobamate after repeated oral administration in rats. AB - The physical dependence potential of meprobamate (MPB) was compared with that of phenobarbital (PHB) and codeine (COD) to ascertain whether MPB produces definite physical dependence in the rat. Rats were treated orally with MPB (maintenance dosage = 800 mg/kg X 2/day), PHB (100 X 2) or COD (50 X 2) twice a day (10:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.) for a total of 21 days; the treatment was ceased for 3 days after administration for 7 days, and the last dosing was performed on day 27. During intoxication and after the withdrawal, the MPB treated rats exhibited behaviour and withdrawal signs similar to those seen in the PHB treated rats, but not the COD treated rats. After withdrawal of drugs, definite weight loss was observed in all the rats given drugs, and the recovery of the MPB and PHB treated rats was clearly later than that of the COD treated rats. A long-lasting increase in rectal temperature was observed after the withdrawal in the MPB and PHB treated rats; a decrease was seen in the COD treated rats. From these results, it is concluded that definite physical dependence on MPB, similar to that on PHB but different from that on COD, was developed after repeated oral administration for a total of 21 days in the rat. PMID- 6686855 TI - [Relation between intradiurnal dynamics of the development of terminal states in the neurosurgical patient and indices of autonomic nervous system activity]. PMID- 6686856 TI - Laser-assisted vas anastomosis: a preliminary report. AB - A new technique is described for performing vas anastomoses in experimental animal (rats). A low-power CO2 laser appears to be effective in welding together the cut ends of the divided vas deferens. PMID- 6686857 TI - [Psychoneuroendocrinologic and sexologic evaluation of a group of temporal lobe epilepsy patients]. PMID- 6686858 TI - Role of the cytoskeleton in secretory processes: lacrimal and salivary glands. PMID- 6686859 TI - [Chemical composition and morphological changes in the cells in a chemostat Candida utilis culture inhibited by zinc ions]. AB - The effect of zinc ions on the physiological state of Candida utilis VKM Y-1668 was studied during its chemostat cultivation. The concentration of zinc ions was maintained at a constant level. Zinc was found to inhibit the growth at a concentration of 300 mg/l. The cells were rapidly washed from the fermenter when zinc concentration was increased to 500 mg/l. Zinc uptake by the culture became greater when zinc concentration in the medium was gradually increased. If the yeast was cultivated in the presence of the inhibitor, the content of protein, RNA, DNA and polysaccharides fell while lipid content increased. Growth inhibition by zinc ions interfered with cell division; the cells could not separate from one another and formed catenae and conglomerates. PMID- 6686860 TI - Australian community attitudes to in-vitro fertilization. AB - The results of two public opinion surveys, conducted in July, 1982, and in April, 1983, are compared. The comparison shows that knowledge about in-vitro fertilization and related issues is becoming more widespread in the community. The rate of approval to this procedure is also increasing, particularly in the subgroup of young, childless married couples, while the rate of disapproval remains unchanged. A community education programme to disseminate accurate and objective information about these issues is urgently needed. PMID- 6686861 TI - Multisensory evoked potentials in experimental and applied neurotoxicology. AB - The development of evoked potential techniques in clinical neurology and neurotoxicology is outlined and specific procedures used in experimental animal neurotoxicology are detailed. Illustrative results from the SRI laboratory are presented, with discussion of the advantages, limitations, clinical relevance, and future applications of evoked potentials in neurotoxicology. PMID- 6686862 TI - Life-long dietary restriction affects striatally-mediated behavioral responses in aged rats. AB - The effects of life-long dietary restriction on rotational behavior and stereotypy induced by intrastriatally administered dopamine-excitatory (dopamine, DA; amphetamine, AMPH) or cholinergic inhibitory (atropine, AT) agents were examined in rats. Three groups of male Wistar rats were used; mature ad lib (YAL, 6 month), old ad lib (OAL 24 month), and old restricted animals (OR). OR animals were fed and fasted on alternate days from weaning. Each rat was unilaterally lesioned in the left substantia nigra with 6-hydroxydopamine and a cannula was implanted in the right caudate nucleus. Several doses of each drug [AT (0, 1, 7, micrograms) DA (0, 5, 50 micrograms), and AMPH (0, 2, 5, 5, 10 micrograms)] were given randomly (1 dose/day with 1 week between drugs). All doses of a particular drug were given before the next drug regimen was started. A combination of AMPH (25 micrograms) and AT (1 microgram) was also administered in one injection at the completion of all other regimens. Results showed that OR animals responded as well as YAL animals and far better than OAL animals following AMPH, DA, or low doses of AT. However, both the high dose of AT and the combined dose of AMPH-AT seemed to suppress responding in OR animals. Neither AT alone or AMPH-AT combinations had effects in OAL animals. Results are discussed in terms of the possible specificity of effects of dietary restriction on striatal functioning and behavior in senescence. PMID- 6686863 TI - Effects of calcitonin on the brain of aged rats. AB - We have recently demonstrated that calcitonin, a putative neuromodulator, may influence extrapyramidal motor system by decreasing nigro-striatal dopaminergic function. Since calcitonin is extensively used in aged patients, we have investigated whether calcitonin might influence extrapyramidal motor behavior (haloperidol-induced catalepsy and apomorphine-induced hyperactivity) in rats of different ages. Intracerebroventricular injection of salmon calcitonin (1 micrograms/kg) prevented apomorphine-induced hyperactivity in 2, 7, 18 or 21 month old rats, but potentiated haloperidol-induced catalepsy only in 2 or 7 month old rats. In addition, in all the animals salmon calcitonin significantly decreased the secretion of prolactin, an anterior pituitary hormone that may act at central level enhancing nigro-striatal dopaminergic activity. PMID- 6686864 TI - [Evaluation of ventricular compliance. Use of a non-invasive index in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6686865 TI - New frontiers in delayed neurotoxicity research: introduction and overview. PMID- 6686867 TI - Effects of chronic low level lead exposure on the physiology of individually identifiable neurons. AB - Although chronic exposure to lead has been correlated with a variety of behavioral and neurochemical deficits in humans and other mammals, little is known of the mechanisms of action of chronic lead at the level of the individual nerve cell. We have used the individually identifiable neurons of the freshwater pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis as a model system to investigate the effects of chronic low level (5 microM) lead exposure on neuronal physiology. Thirteen neuronal parameters were measured with intracellular microelectrode recording in each of six different identifiable neurons or homogeneous neuron clusters. Results were analyzed by a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). MANOVA analysis indicates that there is a significant overall effect of lead exposure (p = 0.0001) and a significant interaction between lead and neuron type (p = 0.01). In most neuron types, chronic lead causes an increase in the resting potential, a slowing of recovery of the membrane potential after the undershoot of a spike, a decrease in spontaneous spiking activity, and a decrease in the input resistance. Lead also has differential effects on identifiable neurons, depressing excitability in some neuron types while not altering excitability in others. PMID- 6686866 TI - Interaction between neurotoxicities induced by organophosphorus and long-chain hexacarbon compounds. PMID- 6686868 TI - Multilevel studies of organophosphate toxicity. PMID- 6686871 TI - The delayed neurotoxicity workshop: concluding remarks. PMID- 6686870 TI - Clinical signs and histopathologic changes of the spinal cord in pigs treated with Tri-o-cresyl phosphate. PMID- 6686869 TI - Neurotoxic esterase: research trends and prospects. PMID- 6686872 TI - Soman-induced depression of brain activity in TAB-pretreated rats: 2-deoxyglucose study. AB - Administration of large doses of Soman (2xLD50) to rats protected with TAB, a mixture of trimedoxime (TMB-4), atropine and benactyzine, results in approximately 2-fold reductions of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in most brain regions. This is in contrast to the marked increase in LCGU that is observed in conjunction with the seizures associated with an LD50 dose of Soman given to unprotected rats. This study reveals that TAB is effective in protecting against Soman-induced seizures, but only at the expense of a severe decrease in LCGU after Soman exposure. PMID- 6686873 TI - Chronic exposure to trichloroethylene: lipid and acyl group composition in gerbil cerebral cortex and hippocampus. AB - Inhalation exposure of Mongolian gerbils to trichloroethylene (50 and 150 ppm) for 12 months caused only small changes in the lipid composition of their cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Total protein content and lipid class distribution were almost unaffected. However, the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio decreased in the cortex of animals exposed to trichloroethylene. This might be due to changes in the relative proportions of different membranes or cellular types. The finding of most interest was among the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids where changed ratios were found between long-chain derivatives of the linoleic and the linolenic acid series and a decrease in two minor fatty acids, 20:5 (n-3) and 22:5 (n-3). We think it is likely that such changes occur as a result of peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids or in order to withstand the fluidizing properties of trichloroethylene. PMID- 6686874 TI - Interpretation and application of delayed neurotoxicity test data from regulatory and legal viewpoints: panel discussion. PMID- 6686875 TI - Regulation and its alternatives: some remarks on organophosphate pesticides. PMID- 6686876 TI - Role of the limbic system in hypothalamically elicited attack behavior. AB - The present review summarizes our research findings concerning the role of the limbic system in hypothalamically-elicited aggression in the cat. Utilizing a dual-stimulation procedure, our results indicate that much of the limbic system suppresses quiet biting attack behavior. The most potent inhibitory effects were obtained from the basomedial amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. Other structures displaying suppression of attack following electrical stimulation include the dorsal hippocampus, pyriform cortex, lateral septal nucleus, lateral aspect of substantia innominata, and anterior cingulate gyrus. Sites producing facilitation of attack include the ventral hippocampus, far lateral aspect of the lateral septal nucleus, medial aspect of the substantia innominata, and lateral amygdaloid nucleus. Anatomical studies suggest that the medial forebrain bundle and stria terminalis are utilized by limbic structures to provide direct modulation of the hypothalamus while the substantia innominata, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis contain important interneurons in the control of quiet biting attack. Further studies indicate that the amygdala, ventral hippocampus, and substantia innominata may control aggressive behavior by modulating the trigeminal sensory components of the attack response. PMID- 6686878 TI - Cultivated human arterial smooth muscle cells. The effect of donor age, blood pressure, diabetes and smoking on in vitro cell growth. AB - The growth capacity and morphology of cultured human smooth muscle cells obtained from omental arteries from 153 patients were studied. The cells exhibited a very slow growth rate compared to rat or minipig SMC's, but they too developed cultures in a typical hill-and-valley pattern and possessed bundles of myofilaments. Two groups of smooth muscle cell cultures, slowly proliferating ones and rapidly proliferating ones were compared in their relation to donor age, blood pressure, nicotine abuse, diabetes mellitus and carcinoma. In the case of blood pressure and carcinoma significant differences indicated that those smooth muscle cells obtained from patients with high blood pressure or carcinoma revealed lower growth capacities. In the second subculture the proliferation of smooth muscle cells was found to be inversely proportional to donor age (4 to 78 years). PMID- 6686879 TI - [Blood and urine catecholamine levels and dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in the acute phase of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6686877 TI - Social instability and coronary artery atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys. AB - Epidemiologic research has increasingly implicated psychological factors in the emergence of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease in human beings. The study of behavioral influences on atherogenesis in man, however, is impeded by the difficulty of assessing coronary artery atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals and by the fact that significant arterial lesions typically develop only over relatively protracted intervals. Consequently, we have recently attempted development of an appropriate animal model for examining the atherogenic effects of psychosocial variables. In the first of two investigations, an experimental stressor--involving repeated reorganization of socially housed groups of adult, male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) fed a moderately atherogenic diet--resulted in increased coronary artery atherosclerosis relative to control animals, though only among monkeys which retained dominant social status over the 22 months of the study. In the second investigation, which employed the same experimental procedures among monkeys fed a low cholesterol/low saturated fat diet, periodic social group reorganization similarly led to development of greater atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. In neither experiment were psychosocial influences on coronary atherogenesis attributable to the concomitant effects of other physiologic variables commonly associated with atherosclerosis (e.g., serum lipids, blood pressure). PMID- 6686880 TI - Dependence potential of zopiclone studied in monkeys. AB - In gross behavioral observation the minimum effective dose of zopiclone was intravenously 0.06-0.25 mg/kg and intragastrically 1-4 mg/kg in rhesus monkeys. Zopiclone suppressed barbital withdrawal signs of rhesus monkeys at a single dose of 16 mg/kg or more. The suppressing effect of zopiclone 32 mg/kg i.g. was comparable to diazepam 8 mg/kg. Crab-eating monkeys treated with zopiclone at doses up to 32 mg/kg twice daily for up to 8 weeks manifested intermediate-grade signs upon withdrawal (i.e., less severe than after treatment with diazepam and similar to nitrazepam). Zopiclone was self-administered by rhesus monkeys relatively frequently by the intravenous route; the infrequent intragastric rate was similar to or slightly higher than with diazepam. PMID- 6686882 TI - Proceedings of the 6th Annual Meeting of the Canadian College of Neuro Psychopharmacology. PMID- 6686883 TI - The influence of partial reinforcement on serial autoshaping with pigeons. PMID- 6686881 TI - [Occlusion spiral for therapeutic vessel embolization. Self production, administration and use]. PMID- 6686884 TI - Hippocampal lesion syndrome: switching to and from a place hypothesis. PMID- 6686886 TI - [Biology yesterday, today and tomorrow]. AB - Throughout the history of the biological disciplines from the 18th to the 20th centuries, there has been a succession of predominating fields of interest: morphology, physiology, genetics, biochemistry, ecology and ethology, while statistics, biometry and computer sciences were developing as powerful means of imposing rigor on research. In all sciences, there is a fundamental empiricism which has often been criticized as prescientific. However, it is unavoidable, especially in biology owing to the unusual wealth and complexity of the facts to be reported. Explaining in the natural sciences first requires the discovery of relationships between facts. Biological explanation has many levels. One of the main avenues leading to true explanation is the multidisciplinary approach, which is in reality an attempt at synthesis. Another characteristic of biological work is the equilibrium between pragmatism and idealism, usually expressed as a balance between application and theory. Both modalities are necessary because of their complementarity. The emergence of ecology demonstrates this duality in the recent past. The equilibrium between theory and application should be decided by the biologists themselves, not by the funding public agencies, although competent administrators are necessary for the welfare of researchers. Applied and theoretical research should be kept separate to a large extent, even though they remain interdependent. In biology, theoretical work has suffered considerable neglect as compared to the situation in physics and chemistry. Biology has few explanatory theories and the few it possesses have often been put forward by physicists in the field of biophysics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686885 TI - Differentiation of bones and skeletal muscles in chick embryos cultured on albumen. AB - Chick embryos were cultured in hemispheric dishes containing 25 ml fresh albumen. The addition of albumen, known to the relatively poor in free calcium, increased the deficit of calcium regularly observed in embryos cultured with other methods. In spite of this, the embryos survived and differentiated adequately for prolonged periods of time. Most of the cultured embryos presented malformations of the long bones of the limbs consisting of bowing and exuberant growth of bone trabeculae in the concavity of the bend. Block staining with alizarin showed that bones were undermineralized at the time in which bending occurred. Leg muscles differentiated adequately as judged from their electron microscopical observation. It is concluded that the malformations result from the action of normal muscles on undermineralized bones. The growth of bone trabeculae at the concavity of the bend probably results from the piezoelectrical stimulus produced by the bending of the bones. The concentrations of both the ionized and bound fractions of blood calcium were significantly reduced in the cultures. The system appears to constitute an adequate model for further explorations on the effects of prolonged hypocalcemia on the differentiation of different tissues and organs. PMID- 6686887 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at the First Biotechnology Colloquium at the University of Montreal, 25-26 March 1983]. PMID- 6686888 TI - [Intra- and postoperative complications of elective splenectomy]. PMID- 6686890 TI - The end of the decline in twinning rates? PMID- 6686889 TI - [Epidemiological study of the genus Rhodotorula]. PMID- 6686891 TI - Fertility and mortality 1950-1974 in the Upernavik district, Greenland. AB - A descriptive study of fertility and mortality in a Greenlandic whaling and sealing community of approximately 1 800 individuals during the period 1950-74 was performed on the basis of data from parish records and medical reports. Fertility was on the increase until approximately 1960 after which it declined considerably. No significant reduction in the high stillbirth and infant mortality rates could be demonstrated. A considerable reduction in overall mortality was observed and could be attributed to the eradication of tuberculosis as a cause of death. The results are discussed in the light of data from Greenland as a whole, which in general has been characterized by intense industrialization and social development. Further comparative studies in Arctic communities characterized by varying degrees of socio-economic development are recommended. PMID- 6686892 TI - Spontaneous abortions among factory workers. The importance of gravidity control. AB - The purpose of this study were twofold. First to demonstrate the impact of gravidity control on the crude odds ratio (OR), the risk estimate of the total number of spontaneous abortions among all chemically exposed women in comparison with non-exposed women. Second, to discuss whether the increased proportion of higher gravidities among the exposed subjects did compensate for an increased risk of spontaneous abortion provoked by the chemical exposure. The study included 262 factory workers occupationally exposed predominantly to organic solvents and 241 reference women who were socially comparable and relatively free from chemical exposure of their work. The subjects are included in a historical prospective survey of 6 730 women representing 12 selected occupations in the Danish county of Funen. The data were collected by postal questionnaires in May 1980. The crude OR of spontaneous abortions among factory workers was significantly increased, but when controlled for gravidity, it was no longer statistically significant. The childbearing behaviour of the two groups of women was compared in a logistic regression analysis which suggested that the increased proportion of higher gravidities among the factory workers was not only due to a compensatory behaviour. A desire for more children among the factory workers, or a less careful use of contraception compared to the reference group might explain the findings. Consequently, gravidity should probably be controlled. PMID- 6686893 TI - [2-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - In the mid-seventies, echocardiographic devices for clinical use have been developed to generate real-time cross-sectional images of the heart with a rate of about 30 frames per second. This technique improved the diagnostic power of M mode echocardiography by visualizing the chambers, valves and walls of the heart in a variety of planes. Cross-sectional echocardiography provides important information for example in the evaluation of left ventricular function, diagnosis of congenital heart diseases, endocarditis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, cardiac tumors and others, that cannot be determined adequately by M-mode echocardiography alone. PMID- 6686894 TI - Early gastric cancer superimposed on infestation of an Anisakis-like larva: a case report. AB - This report describes a 73-year-old male with early gastric cancer (type IIc) superimposed on infestation of a parasitic larva. Eosinophilic granulomas surrounding a dead worm were seen in the submucosa just beneath the intramucosal tubular adenocarcinomatous lesion measuring 1 X 1cm at the anterior wall in the acid-secreting area. The cancer cells showed lowered and altered mucin production in comparison with the surrounding non-cancerous fundic mucosa. The parasite was identified as an Anisakis-like larva by the presence of typical lateral chords. An immunohistochemical examination revealed that the cancer cells were more strongly positive for IgA and secretory component than the surrounding non cancerous mucosa, and that IgG, IgA and IgM were detected in plasma cells around the granulomas but IgE and IgD were not. The possibility that the Anisakis-like larva preferentially infested the cancerous mucosa because of the change in mucin, local defect in acid secretion and/or other structural alterations in the area is discussed. PMID- 6686895 TI - Rod myopathy with extensive systemic and respiratory muscular involvement. AB - A patient with both muscle weakness and progressively degenerating respiratory function became increasingly less responsive to therapeutic intervention. The diagnosis of the muscle disease was made through biopsy samples and confirmed as rod myopathy. Through autopsy samples, the patient was found to have had extensive centriacinar emphysema and widespread involvement of rod disease in the skeletal muscles. The most involved of the muscles sampled (anterior tibial, brachioradialis, rectus femoris, psoas, diaphragm, biceps) was the diaphragm. While the influence on diaphragmatic function has been reported in the juvenile form of rod disease, this is the first known report of the extensiveness of involvement in adult-onset disease. The diseased state of the diaphragm was appreciated as a contributing factor to the respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 6686896 TI - Imaging the nonlinear ultrasonic parameter of a medium. AB - A technique for imaging the nonlinear ultrasonic parameter B/A has been developed. The nonlinear parameter describes the dependence of ultrasonic velocity on pressure and may well provide a new and powerful tool for characterizing both biological and nonbiological media. Our approach is based on observing the interaction of two ultrasonic waves with different frequencies and power levels. A low frequency pump wave, with power level suitable for medical diagnosis (1 mW/cm2), is used to sinusoidally modulate the sound pressure over the region of interest. A much lower intensity high-frequency probe beam is propagated perpendicularly to the pump beam. The phase of the probe wave is modified in proportion to the integral of the product of the nonlinear parameter B/A and the pressure of the pump wave, which varies sinusoidally along the probe beam. This phase change provides a Fourier component of the distribution of the nonlinear parameter B/A for the spatial frequency corresponding to the inverse of the pump wavelength. By changing the frequency of the pump waves, the spatial frequency is changed and a set of spatial Fourier coefficients of the distribution of the nonlinear parameter B/A is obtained. An inverse operation then gives the one-dimensional image along the probe beam. If the probe beam is scanned mechanically, the entire cross-sectional image is obtained. Several images of the nonlinear parameter of biological objects were generated with our system. To our knowledge, these represent the first images of the nonlinear parameter to be reported in the literature. The nonlinear parameter of water was also measured and agreed well with values obtained by other techniques. PMID- 6686897 TI - Automatic real-time endocardial edge detection in two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - Previous approaches to automatic border recognition in two-dimensional echocardiography have utilized off-line computer image analysis. In this paper, we describe a hardware technique for real-time endocardial edge detection during the echocardiographic examination. This technique is based on a new method of line-by-line compensation for ultrasound attenuation. The detected edges and composite edge images can be displayed alone or superimposed upon the usual echocardiographic display. To test the accuracy of our real-time technique, we obtained echocardiograms of excised hearts and compared real-time edges with edges manually traced by an experienced observer. Left ventricular cavity areas and endocardial perimeters derived from real-time edges correlated well with those derived from observer-defined edges. PMID- 6686898 TI - Computer simulations of speckle in B-scan images. AB - The granularity or speckle in medical ultrasound images tends to mask the presence of small lesions. As well, artifactual filling in of anechoic regions such as cysts, reduces the diagnostic potential of the images. These effects depend not only on the acoustic properties of the tissue but also are strongly influenced by the imaging system, especially the transducer geometry. To study the effect of the transducer on the final B-scan image, a computer model has been developed simulating the interaction of ultrasound with a simple scattering medium. This model, incorporating the position dependence of the point response of the transducer, is based on single scattering from a collection of points positioned randomly in a three-dimensional volume. Using this approach, B-scan images showing speckle have been generated for different transducer geometries. Inclusion of a 2.6 mm void mimicking a cyst within the three-dimensional scattering volume has allowed us to predict the cyst contrast in the image for the different transducer systems. Experimental B-scan images of a scattering phantom were obtained using the different pulse echo systems. Quantitative assessment using first and second order statistics of the images shows good agreement between experiment and theory. PMID- 6686899 TI - Improvements in the spectral difference method for measuring ultrasonic attenuation. AB - The accuracy of the spectral difference method for measuring ultrasonic attenuation has been investigated using tissue-mimicking phantoms. Attenuation coefficients of the phantom materials were measured using a narrow-band substitution technique and compared with the results of the spectral difference method. Agreement within +/-10 percent was typical for measurements in homogeneous materials. The best agreement between the spectral difference and substitution techniques was obtained when effects due to transducer beam diffraction were taken into account in the analysis. This was found for two types of homogeneous tissue-mimicking materials, both having speed of sound and attenuation properties similar to human liver but each with different backscatter properties. The effects of inhomogeneous tissues interposed between the transducer and the interrogated volume were also studied by simulating these conditions in phantoms. Experimental techniques which minimize the effects of perturbations introduced by these inhomogeneities are suggested. PMID- 6686900 TI - Classification of scattering objects by regular arrays of scatterers using Fourier analysis. AB - For a class of scattering objects the mean separation between the scatterers is determined. Over a range of frequencies, ultrasonic back-scattered pressure signals are recorded. It is suggested to derive the mean spacing of an unknown scattering object by employing Fourier analysis and comparing the signal with signals from known regular arrays of scatterers. In a computer simulation it is shown that this approach determines the mean spacing very well for random arrays consisting of three-dimensional spherical scatterers. PMID- 6686901 TI - Inverse scattering solutions by a sinc basis, multiple source, moment method- Part I: Theory. AB - A new method for solving the inverse scattering problem for the scalar, inhomogeneous, exact, Helmholtz wave equation is presented. No perturbation approximations are used and the method is applicable even for many cases where weak to moderate attenuation and moderate to strong refraction of incident fields occur. The ill-posed nature of the inverse scattering problem for a single monochromatic source is known. However, the use of multiple sources, the collection of redundant (i.e., overdetermined) data, and the constraining of the fields and complex refractive index to be spatially band limited constitutes a new problem. The cases we have tested by computer simulation indicate that the new problem is well posed, a unique solution, and is stable with noisy data. The method is an application of the well-known method of moments with sinc basis and delta testing functions to discretize the problem. The inverse scattering solution may be obtained by solving the resulting set of simultaneous, quadratic, multivariate equations. Several algorithms for solving these equations are given. PMID- 6686902 TI - Inverse scattering solutions by a sinc basis, multiple source, moment method- Part II: Numerical evaluations. AB - In part I, we presented a method for solving the inverse scattering problem using multiple sources and detectors. Allowance for multiple angles of incident radiation improves the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem by improving the quality and quantity of information gathered at detector points. This paper describes implementation and numerical evaluation of the method. An 11 by 11 image reconstructed from noisy scattered field data is shown to closely match the original scattering object, and the improvement possible by constraining the reconstruction to be spatially band limited is demonstrated. Furthermore, for a somewhat simpler "pseudo-inverse problem," we give findings on the effects that detector radius, degree of over determination, noise, and object contrast have on reconstruction quality. PMID- 6686904 TI - [Principles of selection and evaluation of physiological indicators of the functional state of the body]. PMID- 6686903 TI - [Photo- and laser coagulation in eye injuries]. PMID- 6686905 TI - [Diurnal biorhythm of body resistance and work capacity in sailors]. PMID- 6686906 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of ethanol in the blood of rats in various stages of chronic alcoholism]. AB - Kinetics of ethanol content, as a criterion of tolerance to the substance, was studied in rat blood at various steps of experimental alcoholism by means of gas liquid chromatographic analysis. Initial addiction to alcohol was associated with its increased metabolism in the animals. Activation of ethanol-oxidizing enzymatic systems was observed in chronic alcoholization under conditions of free choice. This activation became statistically distinct after 10 days of the contact with alcohol. The activation of ethanol metabolism was maintained within 4 months and decreased after 8 months of alcoholization. PMID- 6686907 TI - [Content of hydroperoxides in lipids, superoxide dismutase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity of erythrocytes in alcoholic intoxication]. AB - Content of lipid hydroperoxides was studied in erythrocytes of rats after single and chronic administration of alcohol within 7, 15, 30 and 60 days at a dose of 6 g/kg. Simultaneously, activity of superoxide dismutase as well as activity and kinetic patterns of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were studied. Phase alterations in content of peroxides and in the enzymatic activity were shown to depend on duration of alcohol intoxication. Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of the mixed type was the cause of a decrease in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in erythrocytes. PMID- 6686908 TI - [Effect of phosphate on the biosynthesis of tentoxin by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler]. AB - Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler produces a phytotoxic substance tentoxin. The influence of inorganic phosphate on the formation of this secondary metabolite was analyzed. Distinct phases of growth and metabolite formation can be defined. The first phase shows exponential growth, high QO2, protein and nucleic acid values and a rapid uptake of inorganic phosphate from the medium. The second phase shows linear growth and active tentoxin formation takes place. The highest yields of tentoxin are obtained, when inorganic phosphate in the medium was limited. The phosphate level also influences the ATP-pool of the mycelium. The role of ATP as an effector in phosphate mediated control of tentoxin synthesis was discussed. PMID- 6686909 TI - The fine structure of endothelial cells of white-blooded fish Chaenocephalus aceratus. AB - The fine structure of the arterial endothelial cells from an eye moving muscle- musculus obliquus inferior in an antarctic teleostean fish, Chaenocephalus aceratus, is described. Thin filaments of 4.6 nm in diameter occur in form of compact bundles situated just beneath the cell membranes, whereas the 9 nm thick filaments appeared in central part of the cell extensions. Both types of filaments, as well as the numerous microtubules (25 nm) are oriented along the axis of the artery. A large number of rounded, tubular bodies (0.26 micron-0.33 micron)--Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB), is localized mostly in cell protrusions close in the cell membrane. The role of the substances produced by WPB and well developed filaments system in the regulation of blood pressure in vessels of antarctic fish is discussed. PMID- 6686910 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of cerebellar angioblastomas]. AB - The mainly infratentorially occurring angioblastomas belong to the group of benign vascular tumours. Histologically, however, one can distinguish from them pleomorphically undifferentiated forms which have an unfavourable prognosis. The article reports on a group of 20 patients who were operated on in the period from 1978 to 1982. The frequency among the brain tumours seen in the same period of time was 4.5 per cent, only related to the infratentorial tumours. Symptomatically, the signs of occlusive hydrocephalus were well to the fore. The exactness of the topical diagnosis by computer tomography in conjunction with microsurgical operation techniques enables a reduction of the operation risk. The postoperative lethality rate was 3 among 20 patients. Attention was drawn to the observation of a family with a genuine v. Hippel-Lindau syndrome in an incomplete form in a descending line with probably autosomal, dominant heredity. PMID- 6686912 TI - Glucose and glycogen metabolism during development of Ascidian eggs. PMID- 6686911 TI - Effects of cadmium on the development of Ascidian eggs. PMID- 6686913 TI - Cervical factors and immunological problems: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6686914 TI - Study of luteal function. AB - On studying various parameters of luteal function, the authors demonstrated that BTT does not permit the evaluation of luteal phase defects, whereas the E.I. and prolactin levels, as well as the endometrial biopsy, may be considered valid parameters. The TRH test is more efficient than basal prolactin evaluation in this respect. Progesterone should be evaluated in various moments of the luteal phase and not by a single determination. The authors conclude that the abnormal luteal phase is the result of an abnormal follicular maturation and that the central origin of this mechanism may be affirmed. PMID- 6686916 TI - Postural and time-dependent effects on body height and scoliosis angle in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Changes in body height and scoliosis angle under the influence of gravity were studied in 40 patients with adolescent scoliosis. The average decrease in body height was 1% during a day. There were no significant changes in the mean angles of the scoliosis curves during the day. The patients were grouped according to age, standing and sitting heights, weight and skeletal maturation. A decrease in the scoliosis angles occurred in younger, more skeletally immature and lighter individuals, while an increase occurred in older, more skeletally mature and heavier individuals. The difference between the scoliosis angles measured from standing and supine views was also analyzed. The correction of the scoliosis angle in the supine position was on average 19%. No correlation was found between the change in angle and any of the growth factors studied. There was also no correlation between the change in angle and the degree of curvature. PMID- 6686917 TI - The relationship between nasal and middle ear pathology. AB - The results are presented of a prospective clinical-epidemiological study in 2069 healthy children 2 1/2-6 years of age, to determine the epidemiology of SOM and the role of some predisposing factors. Only the study of rhinological parameters is presented in this report. It was demonstrated that there is a very strong correlation between the annual incidence of common colds and of acute otitis media (p less than 0.0001). The correlation between common colds and the tympanometrical findings was not so high but still obvious (p less than 0.05), because of the higher number of negative middle ear pressures with increasing number of common colds. Open mouth breathing (p less than 0.01) and snoring (p less than 0.05) at night showed to be predisposing to SOM and in a lesser extent to negative middle ear pressure. The study of objective rhinoscopical parameters evaluating the condition of the nasal mucosa revealed that edema of the nasal mucosa (p less than 0.01) and the presence of pathological nasal secretions (p less than 0.05) are factors predisposing to SOM and to negative middle ear pressure. Even moderate septal deviations have an unfavourable influence on the eustachian tube function as was shown by the higher incidence of negative middle ear pressures in children with a moderate septal deviation compared to children with a straight septum (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6686918 TI - Focal hyperplasia of intracytoplasmic filaments in the canine parathyroid gland treated with nalidixic acid. AB - Focal hyperplasia of intracytoplasmic filaments of 100A in diameter was observed within chief cells of the parathyroid gland in dogs treated with nalidixic acid. The structure, as a rule, was located in the neighborhood of the nucleus and no other cell organelles were detected within it. Its size had a wide spectrum from a small part of the cytoplasm to as large as half a cell. Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum in the involved cells had a tendency to atrophy. These cells occasionally contained less secretory granules. Lipid droplets are diffusely increased. The pathogenesis and significance of the present intracytoplasmic filaments remain to be determined. However, as lipid deposition, atrophy of Golgi apparatus, poorly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum occur in a hypofunctional or degenerative state, it might be possible that filamentous hyperplasia is closely associated with that state. PMID- 6686919 TI - [Use of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor for the protection of platelet number and function during extracorporeal circulation. Experimental study]. PMID- 6686915 TI - [Adrenomyeloneuropathy: clinical, genetic and morphologic features. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - The authors describe five cases of adrenomyeloneuropathy, an adult form of adrenoleukodystrophy. Three of the cases were related. The clinical picture comprises progressive spasmodic paraplegia, sphincter disorders, peripheral neuropathy, sometimes hollow foot and posterior columns disorders. In one case psychic disorders were observed. Biochemical analyses confirmed or revealed adrenal insufficiency in four cases and gonadal insufficiency in three cases. A detailed genealogical study was made in two patients belonging to the same family. Histocompatibility tests revealed the presence of A2 and B15 antigens in three cases. Diagnosis was confirmed in three cases by plasma determination of long-chain fatty acids, with an increase in the level of C26 acids and the C26/C22 ratio; biopsy of the peripheral nerve in one patient revealed inclusions characteristic of Schwann's cells. Symptomatological links between ALD and familial spasmodic paraplegia, the mode of genetic transmission of the disease, the contribution of neuromuscular biopsy to the diagnosis and the therapeutic prospects of a diet low in long-chain fatty acids are discussed. PMID- 6686921 TI - Hepatic ultrastructure in leukemic children treated with methotrexate and 6 mercaptopurine. AB - Methotrexate (MTX) and 6-mercaptopurine (6MP), the two drugs most commonly used for maintenance treatment of childhood leukemia, are both potent hepatotoxins. In order to assess MTX-6MP-induced damage, we obtained biopsies from 11 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) for light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic study. Prednisone, vincristine, and L-asparaginase were used for induction of remission in all patients. Although light microscopic findings were minimal, we found significant ultrastructural abnormalities in all patients. Changes included nuclear abnormalities, disruption of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, a variety of mitochondrial changes, steatosis, fibrosis, and changes in peroxisomes and lysosomes. These abnormalities could not have been predicted from liver function tests or histopathology. Three of the eleven patients studied had also received cyclophosphamide and cytosine arabinoside during maintenance therapy. The ultrastructural abnormalities in this group were not distinguishable from those observed in the group that did not receive these additional chemotherapeutic agents. The long-term clinical significance of these findings is not known. PMID- 6686922 TI - [Homologous insemination: indications, results and prospectives as a result of 3 years' clinical experience]. PMID- 6686920 TI - [Surgical treatment of urinary stress incontinence by using an Ampoxen sling under the urethra]. PMID- 6686923 TI - Regional perfusion of VX 2 carcinoma with cis-DDP. AB - High dose effect of regionally applied cis-DDP was studied using VX 2 carcinoma as a tumor model. The tumors were transplanted on both hind limbs of New-Zealand rabbits. After strict standardization of the methods, treatment with cis-DDP systemically was compared to regional treatment with cis-DDP by isolated perfusion on extremities. These results were related to untreated controls. Therapeutic effect was determined by comparing the average tumor diameters at various time points after the end treatment. Remission could be induced for a short period by systemic treatment. After isolated perfusion, remission was continuous during the observation period. There was no therapeutic benefit by a dose increase from 20 to 40 mg cis-DDP/kg limb weight. PMID- 6686925 TI - Chronic intratumoral chemotherapy of a rat tumor with cisplatin and fluorouracil. AB - In order to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of intratumoral chemotherapy, brain tumors in rats were treated by direct infusion of cisplatin or fluorouracil. Each animal was initially implanted in the midline cerebellum with a chronic stainless-steel cannula, and 2 weeks later 1 X 10(5) 9L cells were injected through the cannula. 8 days after tumor cell transplantation, a small implantable pump containing drug, or saline as a control, was connected up to the same cannula, and the solution was pumped into the tumor region for 7 days. The results showed that both drugs produced statistically significant increases in survival as compared to the controls. PMID- 6686924 TI - Dietary self-selection and meal patterns of obese and lean Zucker rats. AB - Following two weeks of baseline measures on laboratory chow, young obese and lean male Zucker rats were given access to separate macronutrients for 18 weeks. First, the rats were given access to soybean meal, dextrinized starch, and lard for eight weeks. Daily caloric intake of obese rats was greater on laboratory chow than that of lean rats and remained so following the switch to the self selection diet. While obese and lean rats consumed similar proportions of each macronutrient over the eight-week period, there were substantial changes in the pattern of intake across weeks. Obese rats decreased daily caloric intake primarily by decreasing lard consumption. In contrast, lean rats maintained daily caloric intake while increasing the proportion of calories from fat. The addition of a 25% sucrose solution (weeks 11-18) produced an elevated daily caloric intake for both obese and lean rats, achieved through an increased carbohydrate intake with a simultaneous decrease in fat intake. A diurnal pattern of intake was maintained for each macronutrient. Compared to controls, rats on the self selection diet did not show differential growth. Measurement of daily meal patterns for soybean meal, sucrose, and lard during the last four days of the experiment showed that obese rats ate significantly larger meals comprised of all three food components than did lean rats. For both obese and lean rats, one component meals were primarily sucrose with greater intake during the light period. Lean rats showed a greater tendency to indulge in these between-meal "snacks" than did obese rats. These data suggest that palatability and nutrient source as well as length of exposure are critical determiners of nutrient selection and total daily caloric intake. PMID- 6686926 TI - [Effect of PMSG/HCG combinations on ovaries and uteri of gilts used for stimulation of estrous cycle within the framework of puberty induction to advance the 1st insemination date]. PMID- 6686927 TI - [Effect of PMSG/HCG combinations on ovaries and uteri of gilts used for stimulation of estrous cycle within the framework of ovulation synchronization]. PMID- 6686928 TI - [Effect of PMSG/HCG combinations on ovaries and uteri as well as on the tolerant behavior of gilts in estrus synchronization]. PMID- 6686929 TI - Studies on pokeweed mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in viral hepatitis. AB - Lymphocyte reactivity to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was examined in patients with acute viral hepatitis type B and in patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis etiopathogenically linked with hepatitis type B virus (HBV). The proportion of cells containing immunoglobulins in their cytoplasm was normal in PWM-stimulated lymphocyte cultures, originating from patients at an acute stage of viral hepatitis but was significantly lowered in the cases of chronic hepatitis. The findings were interpreted as a result of long term in vivo induction of lymphocyte proliferation which would restrict the in vitro reactivity of the lymphocytes to PWM. PMID- 6686930 TI - Interrelationships in the digestion of sheep given barley grain diets containing either fish meal, soya-bean meal or urea. AB - Three sheep, each fitted with a ruminal cannula and duodenal re-entrant cannulae were given three isonitrogenous, isoenergetic diets in a Latin Square design. Each diet contained approximately 60% DM as barley grain and 40% of total N as either white fish meal, soya-bean meal or urea. These diets were fed continuously and supplied about 28 g N/day. Diets containing such large amounts of barley grain usually produce wide variations in the rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) proportions and these have been correlated with various other digestive characteristics. Several ruminal and duodenal components were measured in this study and interrelationships between them sought. The molar proportions of VFA varied widely from 45-67% for acetate, 13-48% for propionate and 7-23% for butyrate. Rumen pH was positively correlated with acetate (P less than 0.01), but negatively so with propionate (P less than 0.01) and butyrate (P less than 0.1). The numbers of rumen ciliate protozoa also varied widely and were related to rumen pH (P less than 0.05) and VFA proportions; positively to acetate (P less than 0.001) and butyrate (P less than 0.01) but negatively to propionate (P less than 0.001). Duodenal N was always less than fed N. The mean composition of this duodenal N was 10.1% ammonia-N, 6.7% RNA-N, 79.0% amino acid-N and 7.3% was unaccounted for. Efficiencies of synthesis of microbial and bacterial crude protein (derived from 35S and 2,6-diaminopimelic acid data) ranged from 10.5 to 42.2 g microbial N per kg apparently digested organic matter (ADOM) and 5.0 to 27.9 g bacterial N per kg ADOM. Division of VFA patterns into either propionate or butyrate type fermentations suggested several further interrelationships. No relationship was established between these fermentation patterns and the extent or efficiency of microbial crude protein synthesis. Possible interrelationships between different digestive characteristics are discussed and a plea made for both more extensive and intensive experimentation before such designation of cause and effect can be assigned. PMID- 6686931 TI - A behavior analysis of the offspring of "haloperidol-sensitive" and "haloperidol resistant" gerbils. AB - The first generation (F1) offspring of haloperidol-sensitive (HS) and haloperidol resistant (HR) gerbils were compared in a battery of motor ("catalepsy") tests, a novel cardboard-shredding (oro-facial stereotypy) test, and a holeboard (exploration) test. The F1 HS gerbils were more "cataleptic" than the F1 HR gerbils after haloperidol (1 and 3 mg/kg). The F1 HR gerbils showed more oro facial stereotypy and more exploratory behavior than did F1 HS gerbils in undrugged tests. The F1 HS and F1 HR groups did not differ in "general activity" as measured by line crossings in an open field or by an electromagnetic monitor in the home cage. These results are preliminary behavioral evidence for a difference between HS and HR gerbils in dopaminergic or related functions. PMID- 6686933 TI - [Effect of blood and tissue factors on the migration of cultured endothelial cells of calf aorta]. AB - Fractions of extracts of porcine corpora lutea, of bovine brain with fibroblast growth factor activity and whole blood serum versus plasma derived serum were tested using Boyden technique and agarose migration with regard to their influence on the migration behaviour of endothelial cells of calf aortas. All factors showed a concentration dependent stimulation of random migration of the cells. Only whole blood serum versus plasma derived serum had chemotactic activity. Thus it must be supposed that vascularization processes will be only favoured by the first mentioned two factors whereas angiogenesis will be possibly triggered by factors released from blood platelets during blood coagulation. PMID- 6686932 TI - The tissue source and cellular control of the apparent size of androgen binding protein (Abp), a mouse salivary protein whose electrophoretic mobility is under the control of sex-limited saliva pattern (Ssp). AB - Expression of the dominant allele, Ssps, at the Sex-limited saliva pattern locus in mice results in an alteration of the electrophoretic mobility of a mouse salivary protein from the F (fast) to the S (slow) type [Karn, R.C., et al. (1980). Genetics 94:s52; Karn, R.C., et al. (1982). Biochem. Genet. 20:493]. We now demonstrate that the protein affected binds androgen and has a basic heterodimeric structure with the subunits connected by disulfide bridging. It is produced in the submaxillary gland where the alteration takes place. The change in electrophoretic mobility from F to S appears to be primarily the result of an increase in the molecular weight of the larger subunit since the isoelectric point changes very little. We discuss the possible causes of the increase in molecular weight. PMID- 6686936 TI - [Study of peripheral arterial flow using the Doppler method in patients with aortic insufficiency]. PMID- 6686935 TI - [Usefulness of the Doppler technic in the diagnosis of tricuspid insufficiency: preliminary study]. PMID- 6686934 TI - [Activity of serum enzymes in intracoronary thrombolysis: preliminary study]. PMID- 6686937 TI - [Effect of a metoprolol-chlorthalidone combination on arterial pressure and respiratory function]. PMID- 6686939 TI - [Modification of heart rate in subjects with previous myocardial infarct by biofeedback]. PMID- 6686938 TI - [Non-invasive hemodynamic study of the acute oral administration of prazosin in stages I and II arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6686940 TI - [Results of the treatment of arterial hypertension: comparison of a specialty center and general practice]. PMID- 6686941 TI - [Possibility of cardiac risk caused by acute and subacute allergic reactions]. PMID- 6686943 TI - [Reoperations on patients with isolated mitral valve prosthesis. Indications and results]. PMID- 6686942 TI - [Comparative evaluation of circulatory and respiratory responses to static and dynamic exercise in healthy young subjects]. PMID- 6686944 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium, oxygen partial pressure, oxyhemoglobin saturation and 2,3 DPG in 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6686945 TI - [Spontaneous regression of ventricular fibrillation]. PMID- 6686946 TI - Steroid modulation of naturally occurring diurnal variation in circulating pluripotential haematopoietic cells (CFU-GEMM). AB - The number of committed granulocyte-monocyte precursors (CFU-GM) in circulation has been shown to increase following steroid administration in humans. To see if steroids could be used to improve the collection of peripheral blood stem cells for haematopoietic reconstitution, their effect on circulating CFU-GEMM was investigated. Six healthy young adults, three men and three women, were given 60 mg of prednisone orally at 8 a.m. on day 1. Blood CFU-GEMM and committed precursors (CFU-GM and BFU-E) were cultured in methylcellulose. Samples were taken at 4 p.m. the day before and at 8 a.m. on the day of steroid administration, and at 4, 8, 24 and, in a few cases, 48 h after steroid. Pre treatment CFU-GEMM levels (per unit volume of blood) at 4 p.m. was 180 +/- 23% (mean +/- SEM) of that at 8 a.m., showing a significant (P less than 0.025) diurnal variation. 8 h after steroids there was a fall in CFU-GEMM to 28 +/- 4.5% of the 8 a.m. presteroid level. 24 h following steroid administration, CFU-GEMM rose significantly (P less than 0.05) to 188 +/- 33% of 8 a.m. baseline values; CFU-GM and BFU-E changes generally paralleled those noted for CFU-GEMM. These results suggest that blood levels of CFU-GEMM exhibit a significant diurnal variation. Oral prednisone given 24 h in advance of collection increases the 8 a.m. value to that found at 4 p.m. The steroid effect may be due to a resetting of the diurnal control mechanism. Use of this information may be important in collection of circulating haematopoietic stem cells for use in bone marrow reconstitution in man. PMID- 6686947 TI - Birdshot retino-choroidopathy associated with iridocyclitis. PMID- 6686948 TI - Adult onset vitelliform macular lesions: a dystrophic or degenerative process? PMID- 6686950 TI - Capsule reviews of other hypersensitivity pneumonitis syndromes. PMID- 6686951 TI - Determination of ergometrine maleate and methylergometrine maleate in pharmaceutical preparations by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6686949 TI - Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura in hemophilia A. AB - Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura resistant to steroid therapy occurred in a 30-year-old patient with severe hemophilia A. This association has recently been reported in other patients, and a possible relation to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been suggested. Although this patient had been treated with factor VIII concentrate for 4 years, the proportions of helper and suppressor T cells were normal, and there was no evidence of AIDS. An uncomplicated splenectomy gave excellent results. All patients with hemophilia should have their platelet counts monitored closely and should report any unusual pattern of bleeding. PMID- 6686952 TI - [Appraisal of human mycoses encountered in Guadeloupe. 1963-1982. Review of the Caribbean literature]. AB - The authors relate the cases of a certain number of fungal diseases occurring in Guadeloupe, identified during the period 1963-1982. A brief survey of the Caribbean literature is shown. PMID- 6686953 TI - [Scars in argon laser photocoagulation of the human retina-- anatomo-clinical aspects after more than 3 years]. PMID- 6686954 TI - Some aspects of the pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiopathies. An echocardiographic computerized study. AB - 35 patients, of them 10 with aortic stenosis, 7 with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, 6 with asymmetric septal hypertrophy, and 12 with systemic hypertension were examined with the aim of a pathophysiological differentiation of various hypertrophic cardiopathies. The authors' own ECE digital echocardiographic system was used. The results attest to an abnormal diastolic function in hypertrophic cardiopathies. At the same time, the diastolic compliance is less affected in symmetric cardiopathies, even in their more advanced clinical stage, than in asymmetric ones. PMID- 6686955 TI - [Birth weight in the Cotonou area (based on 1667 term infants)]. PMID- 6686956 TI - Self-administration of ethanol by genetically heterogeneous mice (RU:NCS): relationship to sensitivity and tolerance. AB - The interrelationships among sensitivity, tolerance and the self-administration of ethanol were studied in a non-inbred strain of mice. Blood ethanol concentration at the time of righting-loss following a hypnotic dose of ethanol (3.5 g/kg) was measured before and after 8 weeks exposure to a choice of water and ethanol water drinking solutions. The inter-test difference between blood ethanol concentration at loss of righting indicated that self-administration resulted in chronic tolerance. A correlational analysis indicated chronic tolerance, but not sensitivity, was positively correlated with ethanol intake and preference. PMID- 6686957 TI - Effect of two iron-chelators, desferrioxamine and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, on the development of tolerance to the physical dependence on ethanol in mice. AB - Physical dependence on ethanol was induced in mice by exposing the animals to increasing concentrations of ethanol vapor for a period of 9 days. The degree of dependence was assessed by subjective scoring of a characteristic behavioral withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of ethanol administration. The daily administration of desferrioxamine (350 mg/kg, i.p.) or of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (200 mg/kg, i.p.) during the ethanol treatment period reduced by 50% the behavioral withdrawal score. On the other hand, an iron load of 250 mg/kg administered once prior to ethanol treatment and once during ethanol exposure caused a significant increase in the withdrawal score. While the degree of dependence was significantly lowered by the iron chelators, the state of tolerance after chronic ethanol treatment was not altered by these agents. However, the capacity of these ethanol-treated animals to develop rapid functional tolerance at termination of the chronic ethanol exposure was significantly enhanced by desferrioxamine and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. The results are discussed in view of possible role of iron-induced peroxidation of neuronal membrane lipids in the development of tolerance to and dependence on, ethanol. PMID- 6686958 TI - [Effect of noise on the urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) and 17-ketosteroids (17-KS)]. PMID- 6686960 TI - Changes in retinoid binding levels during development of the chicken cornea. AB - [3H]-retinol binding to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) increased more than five-fold in developing chicken corneal epithelium at 14 days of incubation, the time when the initial increase in corneal transparency occurs in the developing embryo. In contrast, [3H]-retinoic acid binding to cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) was highest at the earliest stages and decreased progressively to a very low level in the corneal epithelium near the time of hatching. Thus, there appear to be changing and differing requirements for retinol and retinoic acid during development of the chicken cornea. PMID- 6686959 TI - [Numerical analysis of biorhythms in endocrinology]. PMID- 6686961 TI - Influence of impairment of the immune system on hepatic biotransformation reactions, their postnatal development and inducibility. AB - Neither destruction of thymus by N-methylnitrosourea or by X-rays nor thymectomy or splenectomy in rats of different ages affected hexobarbital sleeping time, ethylmorphine N-demethylation or ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation significantly and systematically. Thymectomy or thymus destruction by x-rays of newborn rats did not significantly influence postnatal development or inducibility by phenobarbital of the monooxygenase reactions. PMID- 6686963 TI - A morphometric semiautomated method for analyzing cell nuclei in lymph node sections from non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Significance of data. AB - A semiautomated electronic system has been employed for sizing nuclear area and for evaluating nuclear form factors in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with the purpose to correlate these parameters with survival and histotype. By mathematical models for best fits correlating the dependent variables with the survival has been demonstrated that an inverse correlation corresponding to a negative exponential function exists between mean nuclear area and survival. It has also been shown that the nuclear form is less irregular (i.e. more similar to an ellipse) when the mean nuclear area ranges from 12.5 to 20 mu2 and from 30 to 37.5 mu2 than when it ranges from 20 to 30 mu2. Lymphomas of low-grade malignancy are characterized by a mean nuclear area which is significantly lower than that of lymphomas of high-grade malignancy. The authors believe that morphometrical analysis of the nuclear area and of the form factors may eliminate subjectivity and give reproducible data to be used in both classification and prognosis of lymphomas. PMID- 6686962 TI - A comparison of the content and immunohistochemical patterns of CEA-like activity in human colorectal tumours and nude mouse xenografts. AB - The immunohistochemical pattern of CEA-like material was examined in sections of five human colonic tumour xenograft lines in nude mice and in the primary tumours from which these lines were derived. Conventional tissue sections were stained by a PAP immunoperoxidase technique, using affinity purified goat anti-CEA as the primary reagent. Normal human and nude mouse tissues were also examined. Saline extracts were made from three of the human tumours and from examples of the respective xenograft lines. The CEA content of extracts was determined by radioimmunoassay. The pattern of CEA-like material was similar in primary tumours and xenografts, but in 3/5 xenograft lines the intensity of specific staining was reduced when compared to that of the respective primary tumour. The three xenograft lines from which extracts were made contained mean values of 22%, 63% and 68% of the CEA activity found in the respective primary tumours, and the data suggested that reduced immunoperoxidase stain intensity seen in some xenografts resulted from the presence of far less antigen than in the corresponding primary tumour. We suggest that some xenograft lines represent subpopulations of cells in the primary tumour which produce less CEA than those of the primary tumour sample examined, although histologically no differences can be identified. No CEA-like activity was detected in normal nude mouse tissues. PMID- 6686966 TI - [Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 6686964 TI - Imipramine and chloroquine induced alterations in phospholipid content of rat lung. AB - The influence of the amphiphilic drugs imipramine (150 mg/kg b. w./day) and chloroquine (75 mg/kg b. w./day) on the phospholipid (PL) -metabolism of rat lung, its PL-content and PL-composition were measured in the cell free lung lavage fluid (alveolar surfactant), in the free alveolar cells (mainly alveolar macrophages), and in the residual lung tissue. In addition to the long-term administration (15 applications during a period of 3 weeks), the influence of short-term administration (2 or 4 applications, resp., during a period of 2 or 4 days) was examined. The alveolar macrophages show the largest increase in PL content. As revealed by its composition the stored PL are of surfactant origin. In chloroquine treated rats the number of macrophages is increased as well. The concentration of stored PL is higher in macrophages of imipramine treated rats. The excessive accumulation of PL in this animal group possibly impairs the clearance function of alveolar macrophages. This is suggested to be the reason for the accumulation of alveolar surfactant in imipramine treated rats. The influence of the drugs on the PL-content of the residual lung tissue was weak. The results of this study show that amphiphilic drugs cause an accumulation of surfactant-PL within the alveolar macrophages and can promote the alveolar surfactant content even after short-term application. The role of alveolar macrophages in alveolar surfactant catabolism is demonstrated. PMID- 6686965 TI - [Apical hypertrophic myocardiopathy]. PMID- 6686967 TI - Pathological identification in twins. AB - In summary, in addition to the cultural, parental, developmental, and dynamic factors which support mutual identification and/or failure of separation between twins, it is my thesis that the basic early identifications between twins rely heavily on relatively conflict-free perceptual modes (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, etc.) quite different from the conflict-laden drive modes we usually think of when considering identification. Furthermore, identification based on perceptual modes, which are relatively free of conflict in early development, become extremely difficult to analyze, as analytic progress depends on conflict. PMID- 6686968 TI - Forms of narcissism in literary characters. PMID- 6686969 TI - Symptomatic hypoglycemia in newborns. PMID- 6686970 TI - Hepatitis in leprosy patients treated by a daily combination of dapsone, rifampin, and a thioamide. AB - A 13% incidence of hepatitis was observed among 54 cases of multibacillary leprosy treated daily with the three-drug combination of dapsone, rifampin, and a thioamide (ethionamide or prothionamide). No hepatitis was observed among 109 cases of paucibacillary leprosy treated daily with the two-drug combination of dapsone and rifampin. Symptoms were jaundice in five cases and nausea plus vomiting associated with a significant increase of transaminase levels in two cases. In five cases, the symptoms appeared during the first two months of therapy and in two cases, later. Discontinuing treatment with rifampin and the thioamide but not dapsone resulted in recovery. When rifampin was resumed without the thioamide, the hepatitis did not recur. Viral etiology could be eliminated in six cases. Neither sex, age, weight nor the fact that the patient was a new case or a relapse case appeared to be a contributing factor. Hepatotoxicity caused by administration of a thioamide might have been potentiated by the concurrent administration of rifampin. PMID- 6686972 TI - Leprosy in Italy. AB - A descriptive epidemiological study on the present prevalence of leprosy in Italy is presented. Cases are identified as notified to the Special Leprosy Section at the Italian Ministry of Health. Clinical cases are defined. In addition, sex and professional breakdowns are provided. Cases of the disease are identified as either imported or indigenous. Geographical distribution, according to importation status, is offered: no Italian region is free from leprosy. Incidence curves from 1920 are given, showing the continuous decline in the incidence of the disease. Possible applications of effective eradication programs are discussed. PMID- 6686971 TI - Sequential histological study of lepromin reaction. AB - Skin testing with Dharmendra antigen was performed on 55 patients with TT, BT, BL, and LL types of leprosy and the reaction measured at different intervals from 24 hr to 28 days. At various time intervals, a biopsy specimen was taken from the reaction site. In TT and BT cases, the erythema was maximum at 48 hr; while the induration was maximum at 21 days. The sequence of the histological changes was built up on the observations made from different cases at varying intervals. The quantum of cellular exudate was high in TT and BT cases as compared to BL and LL cases. The cellular distribution showed loose scattering of cells in the LL and BL types and attempts to form tight clusters in the TT and BT cases. Neutrophils were predominant during the first 48 hr, particularly in the LL, BL, and BT types. By 72 hr the cells were mainly lymphocytic. A tendency for the lymphocytes to cluster around nerve twigs was seen in the TT and BT cases. In the early reaction the quantum of exudate correlated both with erythema and induration; while in the late reaction, it correlated with induration only. The intensity of the early lepromin reaction was more in BT than in TT leprosy, while the induration in the late reaction was more in TT than in BT types. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6686973 TI - Report of the SEARO/WPRO/IMMLEP/THELEP Joint Scientific Meeting on Leprosy, Rangoon, Burma, 18-19 November 1981 and the Joint Indian and IMMLEP Scientific Meeting on Immunoepidemiology of Leprosy, New Delhi, India, 14-16 February 1983. PMID- 6686975 TI - Abstracts: Eighteenth Joint Leprosy Research Conference. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A., 3-4 August 1983. U.S.-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program. PMID- 6686974 TI - Chemotherapy of leprosy; "bubble" or "calendar" packs for the administration of rifampin, dapsone, clofazimine, or prothionamide/ethionamide. PMID- 6686976 TI - Identification of the DNA binding subunit of RNA polymerase II from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - The DNA binding subunits of RNA polymerase II from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were investigated in the following three ways. (1) RNA polymerase II was dissociated in urea and the binding of the dissociated subunits to DNA was investigated. (2) The RNA polymerase II: DNA complex was dissociated progressively with various concentrations of urea, and the subunits firmly attached to DNA were investigated. (3) RNA polymerase II was dissociated into subunits in a SDS-polyacrylamide gel containing urea and blotted onto a nitrocellulose filter. The filter was then incubated with 32P-nick-translated DNA to identify the DNA binding subunits. These procedures all showed that the largest subunit a of RNA polymerase II had strong affinity to DNA. It was found that a portion of subunits b and c could be recovered in DNA fraction when analyzed by procedures (1) and (2), but no significant DNA binding activity was detected when analyzed by procedure (3), suggesting that these subunits have either a much weaker affinity toward DNA compared to a or have affinity to a itself. PMID- 6686977 TI - Network formation by neurofilament-induced polymerization of tubulin: 200K subunit of neurofilament triplet promotes nucleation of tubulin polymerization and enhances microtubule assembly. AB - The previous paper (Minami, Y., et al. (1982) J. Biochem. 92, 889-898) demonstrated that the neurofilament preparation obtained from porcine brain promotes tubulin polymerization, thereby leading to network formation in vitro. Since this preparation fractionated by gel filtration and centrifugation was contaminated mainly by tubulin, the neurofilaments thus prepared were solubilized in a 6 M urea solution, further purified by hydroxyapatite column chromatography, and reconstituted into neurofilaments. This highly purified neurofilament was found to retain the ability to stimulate microtubule assembly and to cause gelation. Next we separated the purified neurofilament into the individual triplet subunits, referred to as 200K, 150K, and 70K proteins, by DEAE-cellulose (DE-52) column chromatography in the presence of 6 M urea. By measuring viscosity and turbidity changes, it has been found that the activity to stimulate polymerization of tubulin is due to the 200K polypeptide, while the 150K protein was less active to promote tubulin polymerization and the 70K protein was totally inactive. PMID- 6686978 TI - [Experimental prevention of a hemolytic disease of the fetus with F (ab)'2 immunoglobulin fragments]. AB - An experimental study was designed to tentatively protect fetal red blood cells (RBC) against hemolysis by covering fetal RBC antigenic sites with F (ab)'2 fragments of hemolysing antibodies. Sheep antibodies were raised against rabbit RBC. IgG were separated and part of the IgG pool subjected to pepsin digestion, in order to isolate F (ab)'2 fragments. Near term rabbit fetuses were injected through the uterine wall with either IgG, F (ab)'2 or successively F (ab)'2 then IgG. Fetuses were extracted by hysterotomy, one hour after the last injection. Neonatal blood was collected by cardiac puncture for hematocrit determination and detection of hemolysis. Among fetuses injected with IgG alone, nine were deal at hysterotomy and evidenced diffuse hemorrhagic syndrome. Six were born alive with hemolysis, including three with severe anemia. (Ht = 26%). Nine fetuses successively injected with F (ab)'2 and then IgG, were all born alive with normal hematocrits (Ht = 43%). The protective role of F (ab)'2 fragments and their potential therapeutic use are discussed. PMID- 6686979 TI - [Total serum and non-conjugated estriol in the 3d trimester of pregnancy. Inter individual, intra-individual variations during the day and from one day to another. Study of at-risk pregnancies]. AB - It is possible to estimate the daily rate of oestriol production by the fetoplacental unit to monitor pregnancy by radio-immunoassay of the concentrations of unconjugated and total oestriol in the serum. The usefulness of these two parameters was compared by comparing variations from day to day in the same individuals and between them and other individuals, as well as over 24 hours. We think the best choice of test for biochemical monitoring of at-risk pregnancies is the estimation of unconjugated oestriol because there is a lower day to day variation in the same individual as well as throughout the 24 hours. PMID- 6686980 TI - A minimum essential medium for cultivation of Schistosoma japonicum eggs. PMID- 6686981 TI - Silver syndrome: an infant with necropsy findings. PMID- 6686982 TI - Leukocyte chemotactic factors in soluble extracts of Metastrongylus apri at different stages. PMID- 6686983 TI - Changes in hypothalamic noradrenaline turnover in rats produced by controllable and uncontrollable shocks. PMID- 6686984 TI - Histopathological analysis of abnormal electrocardiographic findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy--with biopsied ventricular myocardium. PMID- 6686985 TI - A comparative study of estramustine and pregnenolone binding to prostatic binding protein: evidence for subunit cooperativity. AB - The binding of estramustine, a nitrogen mustard derivative of oestradiol to purified rat prostatic binding protein was studied as a test for a possible identity between this protein and the very similar estramustine-binding protein, described by Forsgren et al. In accordance with this hypothesis estramustine binds to purified prostatic binding protein with a high affinity (2.5 X 10(7)M 1). This affinity markedly exceeds the affinity of pregnenolone for this protein (0.9 X 10(6)M-1) or for a complex of prostatic binding protein, with prostatic proline-rich polypeptide, (4.7 X 10(6)M-1). In competition experiments estramustine completely suppresses the binding of [3H]pregnenolone, whereas the binding of [3H]estramustine is only partially suppressed by pregnenolone, even at high concentrations. Prostatic binding protein was separated in its F- and S subunit by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography performed in the presence of 8 M urea. Only the S-subunit, most probably in its dimer form, displays marked estramustine and pregnenolone binding, with affinities of respectively 3.7 and 1.2 X 10(6)M-1. Recombination of both subunits results in a strong increase of estramustine binding, but not of pregnenolone binding. PMID- 6686986 TI - Differentiation, ageing, and terminal differentiation: a semantic analysis. AB - The largely unsolved problems in the theoretical analysis of differentiation and ageing involve a substantial component of linguistic (semantic) difficulties. Some of these are simple traps of ambiguity, resulting from metaphorical or analogical employment of established terms--for example, "terminal differentiation" (loss of division potential in vitro) as a borrowing from "differentiation" as used by developmental biologists, or "commitment" by analogy with "determination". Some difficulties represent a failure to adopt (at least provisionally) an operational (empirical) view--for example, failure to ask what is the nature of the evidence for the view that a fertilized ovum is totipotential, or to scrutinize the evidence for the view that cells "terminally differentiated" in vitro in a conventional medium are in fact moribund under all conditions, or to examine more closely the view that the differentiated state and the cycling state are mutually exclusive. With respect to the problem of ageing, we review some of the critical experiments on "terminal differentiation" or "clonal senescence". We then proceed to consider some of the models that have been proposed, including a molecular model proposed by the author which appears to overcome some of the objections to other models. Some of the models exemplify the results of what are ultimately semantic vices. The problems with which these remarks began should indeed yield to the immense and novel resources of molecular biology. But the development of complete analyses demands not only good luck and delicate technique but also critical semantic clarity and severity. Given the best tools, we shall solve major theoretical problems only if we understand quite fully what problem it is that we are trying to solve--and the history of science illustrates that this is not as elementary a matter as it sounds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6686987 TI - Cerebral dopamine and noradrenaline turnover and effects of morphine test dose in rats withdrawn from 20 days' morphine treatment. AB - Depletion of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) induced by alpha-methyl-p tyrosine (alpha MT) was studied in five different brain areas of rats withdrawn from 20 days' chronic treatment for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 6 days. Some of the alpha MT-treated rats were given a challenge dose of morphine (10 mg/kg) 2.5 h before decapitation. The depletion of DA was clearly retarded in the limbic forebrain but not in the striatum of rats withdrawn from morphine for 1 and 2 days, whereas the alpha MT-induced NA depletion was slightly accelerated in the hemispheres but not in any other part of the brain of rats withdrawn for 1 day. The morphine challenge dose accelerated DA depletion slightly more in limbic forebrain and striatum of chronic morphine rats than of control rats. The challenge dose clearly retarded the NA depletion in all brain parts in rats withdrawn from morphine for 1 and 2 days. This retardation was most pronounced in the hemispheres. In control rats, too, the challenge dose tended to retard the NA depletion in the hemispheres although it enhanced it in the lower brain stem. Our results suggest that the DA neurons in the limbic forebrain and NA neurons in the hemispheres are the catecholamine neurons most readily affected by chronic morphine treatment. In both groups of neurons the alterations were clearest when withdrawal-induced weight loss was most evident. PMID- 6686988 TI - Lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate protect cultured mammalian cells against hydrogen peroxide toxicity. AB - The toxicity of various combinations of lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide was tested on a cell line of human epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix (HeLa), a Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO), and human gingival fibroblasts. The capacity of the cells to proliferate, to exclude trypan blue and to produce acids from glucose was evaluated. There was no significant difference between the three cell types in their reactions to the various test combinations. A 1 h exposure of the cells to 10 microM hydrogen peroxide reduced their capacity to proliferate. After a 1 h exposure to 100 microM hydrogen peroxide the cells were damaged to such an extent that none survived. In the presence of lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate the cells were protected from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide as disclosed by their capacity to proliferate and exclude trypan blue. The rate of acid production of the cells in the presence of glucose was inhibited, however, by the combination lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 6686989 TI - [Is there any progress in the treatment of squamous epithelial carcinoma of the oropharynx?]. AB - The treatment of squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx still remains a problem because of the high rate of recurrence and the functional importance of the oropharynx in speech and swallowing. Although the technique of reconstruction after radical resection of the tumour has been considerably improved by the introduction of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, the need for an alternative treatment is evident in those patients with advanced tumours (T3/T4) and/or with a high risk in connection with prolonged anaesthesia and postoperative care. In some of these cases, intraarterial (i.a.) chemotherapy prior to irradiation is of increasing importance in inducing complete remission with only few side effects. Further improvement of the treatment schedules and concise application of the pharmacokinetic principles governing i.a. infusion will help to raise the prospects of curative treatment for advanced carcinoma of the oropharynx. PMID- 6686990 TI - Inside the trial judge. Judicial self-awareness and psychoanalytic counter transference. PMID- 6686991 TI - Informed consent--ethical considerations. PMID- 6686992 TI - Youth prison as an institute for rehabilitation. PMID- 6686993 TI - Juvenile, pedophile, heterophile: hermeneutics of science, medicine and law in two outcome studies. PMID- 6686994 TI - Child sexuality: recent developments and implications for treatment, prevention, and social policy. PMID- 6686995 TI - The establishment of a Balint Group among the nurses on a psychosomatic ward. PMID- 6686996 TI - Artificial "donor" insemination: a South African court declares the child illegitimate. PMID- 6686997 TI - When does life really begin? PMID- 6686998 TI - Free speech and the quality of mental services. A South African Case Study. PMID- 6686999 TI - Computed tomographic and nuclear magnetic resonance correlation of canine ceroid lipofuscinosis with aging. AB - Canine ceroid lipofuscinosis is a degenerative neuronal disorder which has as a distinct pathologic counterpart, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis or Batten's disease in humans. The disease occurs in English setters and is associated with abnormal accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigments. As such, a study of this animal model may allow insight into the aging process as well. This investigation explores the computed tomographic features of canine ceroid-lipofuscinosis and correlates these findings (progressive atrophy, inherent changes in CT/NMR tissue characteristics) with clinical and pathologic features. PMID- 6687000 TI - Intermale aggression and infanticide in aged C57BL/6J male mice: behavioral deficits are not related to serum testosterone (T) levels and are not recovered by supplemental T. AB - Healthy aged adult (24-26 months of age) and young adult (2-4 months of age) c57BL/6J male mice were assessed for intermale aggression, pup-killing behavior (infanticide), and circulating levels of testosterone (T). When compared to young adult male mice, aged adult males were highly variable in the exhibition of both androgen-dependent behaviors. Significant numbers of aged males exhibited deficits in aggression and pup-killing while other animals were as behaviorally active as their young male counterparts. Assessment of serum T showed that aging did not produce a reduction in levels of the steroid and individual variability in androgen-dependent behavior of aged males was not related to plasma levels of the hormone. When aged non-aggressive and non-killer males were exposed to supplemental T by way of subcutaneously implanted silastic capsules, circulating levels of the steroid were elevated but T-dependent behavior was not recovered. These findings, in combination with those previously reported for copulatory behavior, indicate that the deficits observed in the androgen-dependent behavior of aged male mice cannot be attributed to a breakdown in the production of testicular androgens. While neural refractoriness to T may account in part for deficits in androgen-dependent behavior of aged males, the variability that is observed in the reproductive behaviors of aged male rodents ultimately may be related to other sources of variation such as the perinatal environment. PMID- 6687001 TI - Psychomotor performance in the senescent rodent: reduction of deficits via striatal dopamine receptor up-regulation. AB - In order to determine the relationship between striatal dopamine (DA) receptor density and psychomotor performance in senescent animals, two experiments were carried out. In the first, the age-related motor deficits were characterized using a battery of four psychomotor tests (rod walking, wire hanging, inclined screen, plank walking). These tests were administered to three groups of male Fischer rats (mature, 6-8 months; middle aged, 12-18 months; and senescent, 25 months) and performance measured. Age-related differences were observed on all the tasks, with the oldest animals showing the poorest performance. These animals were then used in a second experiment in which one-half of the group of animals from each age was administered 1.86 mg/kg/day of haloperidol for 14 days (via surgically implanted Alza Minipumps. Control groups of animals from each age were given pumps which contained only the vehicle (HCl diluted with distilled water, pH = 2.9). Following the 14 day drug administration, the pumps were surgically removed and 3 days later all the groups were retested on the psychomotor tests. Stereotypy (to 0.5 mg/kg of apomorphine, sniffing, licking, grooming and cage crossings) was also re-examined. Results show that haloperidol-treated animals from all three age groups display greater response times (i.e., better performance) than vehicle-treated animals on the battery of four motor tests and, the haloperidol-treated old animals exhibit more sniffing and grooming than the vehicle-treated old animals. Parallel increases in [3H]spiperone binding seen in all haloperidol-treated groups suggest a relationship between increases in the density of striatal DA receptors and improvement in motor performance. PMID- 6687002 TI - L-glutamine D-fructose-6-P aminotransferase regulation by glucose-6-P and UDP-N acetylglucosamine. AB - L-Glutamine D-Fructose-6-P aminotransferase regulates hexosamine synthesis. An affinity purified human fibroblast aminotransferase and specific radioisotope assays developed by us were used to show an independent inhibition of the aminotransferase by Glucose-6-P. More interestingly, at concentration of UDP-N Acetylglucosamine and glucose-6-P where either sugar has no independent inhibitory effect, there is an allosteric and significant inhibition of the aminotransferase. PMID- 6687003 TI - Statistical analysis of impulse activity of the diencephalon during immobilization emotional stress in rats. PMID- 6687004 TI - The antistress role of the GABAergic system of the brain. PMID- 6687005 TI - Hypothalamic adrenergic activity precedes the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in the rat. AB - A preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) is stimulated by an increase in plasma oestrogen (E2) and a proestrous neural signal which occurs during the 'critical period' (CP). Adrenergic activity during the CP in brain areas concerned with LH release and receiving adrenergic nerve terminals, increased in the arcuate nucleus-median eminence area (AN-ME) during the CP (14.30-16.30 h), but not in the adjacent perifornical area. Pentobarbital injected prior to the CP inhibited the effect as did ovariectomy, while E2 replacement restored it. Thus increased adrenergic activity in the AN-ME may represent the neural signal that triggers the preovulatory LH surge [5]. PMID- 6687006 TI - Evidence for a selective brain noradrenergic involvement in the locomotor stimulant effects of amphetamine in the rat. AB - Male rats received the noradrenaline neurotoxin DSP4 (50 mg/kg) 7 days prior to injection of D-amphetamine (10 or 40 mumol/kg i.p.). The hyperactivity induced by D-amphetamine (10 mumol/kg) was significantly reduced by DSP4 pretreatment. However, the increased rearings and the amphetamine-induced stereotypies were not blocked by pretreatment with DSP4. The reduction of amphetamine hyperactivity induced by DSP4 was blocked by pretreatment with the noradrenaline-uptake blocking agent, desipramine, which prevents the neurotoxic action of DSP4. The present results suggest a selective involvement of central noradrenergic neurones in the locomotor stimulant effect of amphetamine in the rat. PMID- 6687007 TI - Synchronization of oestrus in gilts with a progestin [Oxolven (Sa 45.249)]. AB - The efficiency of a synthetic progestin, Oxolven, as a synchronising agent for mature gilts was investigated. Using capsules is not a suitable form of administration when group-feeding is practised. Another form of administration is proposed for large scale use in the pig production. PMID- 6687008 TI - [Radiological findings in primary vascular malignant bone neoplasms]. PMID- 6687010 TI - Thermoregulatory, behavioral and seizure modulatory effects of AVP in the gerbil. AB - Recent reports suggest that arginine vasopressin (AVP) may be an endogenous antipyretic peptide and a mediator of febrile convulsions [10,12]. The spontaneously seizing Mongolian gerbil was used to investigate the thermoregulatory, behavioral and seizure modulatory effects of AVP. Injection of AVP (1.0 and 5.0 micrograms IV and 0.01-1.0 mg/kg SC) caused dose-related falls in body temperature. Stereotypic scratching, terminated by a body shake, was observed after AVP (1.0-5.0 micrograms IV). However, such behavior was not observed after subcutaneous injection of AVP. AVP did not potentiate seizure induction in the gerbils but rather reduced the seizure incidence. The data demonstrate that AVP can reduce body temperature and cause specific behaviors, but it does not appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of seizures in the seizure sensitive strain of Mongolian gerbil. PMID- 6687009 TI - Discrete subaortic stenosis: the value of cross-sectional sector echocardiography in evaluating different types of obstruction. AB - The value of cross-sectional sector echocardiography in the visualization of discrete subaortic stenosis (DSS) was investigated using an 80 degrees phased array sector scanner with simultaneously derived M-mode outputs. Thirty-three patients (including 22 postoperative patients) with proven DSS were investigated and divided into two groups: group I--discrete membranous type; and group II- diffuse fibromuscular type. In group I (15 patients), two isolated subaortic ridges were identified as discrete linear echoes in the long axis of the outflow tract in five patients. A single distinct and isolated linear echo was observed in three patients, whereas in another five the ridges appeared to be attached to the ventricular septum and/or to the base of the anterior mitral leaflet. In two patients with mild DSS, a false-negative diagnosis was made. Only 2 out of 12 patients in this group showed a short remnant of the ridge after surgical revision. In group II, a more generalized or long-segment narrowing was present in 18 patients; in 14 of them the ridges were continuous with the walls of the outflow tract. Eight out of ten patients reexamined following resection of fibromuscular tissue still had residual obstruction. Analysis of the simultaneous M-mode recordings revealed that the transient appearance of the ridge in the outflow tract depended on the normal movement of the heart within the chest, on the lengthening of the membrane itself, and on the angle between the ultrasound beam and the membrane during different cardiac cycles. Our study shows that a spectrum of one- and two-dimensional patterns exists depending on the nature of the obstructing lesion. Cross-sectional sector echocardiography provides more direct visualization and characterization of various types of DSS than M-mode echocardiography does. PMID- 6687011 TI - Biorhythm of arginine- vasopressin in the paraventricular, supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei of rats. AB - The diurnal variations in content of arginine-vasopressin in the supraoptic nucleus, the paraventricular nucleus and the suprachiasmatic nucleus of rats were determined using radioimmunoassay. In the supraoptic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus the arginine-vasopressin level was relatively constant during the light phase (the inactive phase). When it became dark, the level of arginine-vasopressin lowered during the early and middle dark phase and then increased to the highest level during the late dark phase. In the suprachiasmatic nucleus the level was stable during the light phase, while in the early and the late dark phase it was significantly higher than that in the middle dark phase. PMID- 6687012 TI - [Pregnancy, labor and puerperium in women with primary cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6687013 TI - Hazardous wastes and public health: general considerations and analysis of existing data sources in Florida. PMID- 6687014 TI - [Technic, indications and radiobiological limits of the moving strip treatment of patients with stage III ovarian carcinoma already treated with surgery and chemotherapy]. AB - Until a few years ago, for patients with ovarian cancer at III stage FIGO, the radiotherapy with moving strip technique followed surgery. The introduction of new chemotherapy agents, Cisplatinum and Adriamycin, has recently changed the course of therapy in the attempt to improve the ovarian cancer prognosis at advanced stages. The authors present a "moving strip" technique which has been revisited to satisfy new request of the therapeutic radio-chemotherapy and surgery method, and moreover they study the real differences between some moving strip technique already published and they describe their characteristics and radiobiologic limits. PMID- 6687015 TI - [Comparison of 2 methods of determining the relative frequency of stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, in literature]. PMID- 6687016 TI - [Nocturnal resting sites of Glossina species (Diptera: Glossinidae) of western Upper Volta. II. Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank]. PMID- 6687017 TI - Potentiation of pancreatic carcinogenesis in the rat by DL-ethionine-induced pancreatitis. AB - We have assessed the influence of an attack of acute pancreatitis on the incidence of experimentally induced pancreatic cancer in rats. A low-protein diet plus repeated injections of DL-ethionine produced acute pancreatitis in rats. The animals were then fed either a diet of raw soya flour or a non-soya-containing diet and given repeated injections of azaserine, a weak pancreatic carcinogen. The rats that had recovered from acute pancreatitis developed pancreatic cancer, whereas those without previous pancreatitis did not. We conclude that the interaction of recovery from acute pancreatitis with a pancreatic carcinogen predisposes to pancreatic cancer in rats. PMID- 6687019 TI - [Role of proteolytic aggression in the development of reflux esophagitis]. PMID- 6687020 TI - Alterations in the androgen metabolism of the female guinea-pig during pregnancy. AB - The peripheral conversion of testosterone (T) into androstenedione (delta 4) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were studied in pregnant (days 32, 48 and 67 post coitum) and non-pregnant anesthetized guinea-pigs by constant intravenous infusion of tritium labeled T. Endogenous levels were measured by radioimmunoassay, and the three labeled androgens (T*, DHT* and delta 4*) counted after celite chromatography. The endogenous T, DHT and delta 4 plasma concentrations were respectively 5, 7 and 20 times higher in pregnant females than they were in cyclic ones. In the non-pregnant guinea-pig, no part of the delta 4 or DHT pools was derived from the peripheral conversion of testosterone. On days 32, 48 and 67 of gestation the fractions of the delta 4 pool originating from T were 9.1, 13.1 and 15.1%, and the fractions of DHT pool coming from T were 5.1, 22.1 and 21.3% respectively. PMID- 6687018 TI - Cholinergic stimulation and inhibition of pancreatic secretion in alcohol-adapted dogs. AB - There is indirect evidence of increased release of acetylcholine in the exocrine pancreas of chronically alcoholic dogs. Our aim was to ascertain whether altered pancreatic responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation was an associated phenomenon. Pancreatic dose-response tests with graded bethanechol stimulation on constant secretion stimulation, without or with a low dose of background atropine, were performed in four chronic gastric and duodenal fistula dogs after 3 and 12 months of intragastric feeding with ethanol. The secretory protein response was dose-dependently increased by bethanechol in the control dogs but not in the test dogs, after 3 or 12 months of daily alcohol. They responded significantly only to a dose four to eight times greater than the minimum effective dose in the control dogs. Atropine depressed the entire dose-response curve of these dogs but only the response to the greatest doses in the alcohol treated dogs. In previous experiments caerulein and/or secretin evoked increased secretory responses of bicarbonate in chronically alcoholic dogs, but this was not the case in this study with bethanechol, which did not have a stimulating effect on bicarbonate in either test or control dogs. Concomitant atropine, however, unmasked a bicarbonate-stimulating effect of bethanechol in control but not in treated dogs. It is concluded that chronic alcohol-feeding, already after 3 months, leads to a diminished pancreatic responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation and inhibition of protein output, as evidenced by at least a fourfold increase of the minimum effective dose of bethanechol and diminished inhibitory action of atropine. PMID- 6687021 TI - Marine 4-methyl sterols: synthesis of C-24 epimers of 4 alpha, 24-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol and 360 MHz 1HNMR comparisons to the natural product from Plexaura homomalla. AB - Comparison of the highfield 1HNMR spectrum of 4 alpha, 24-dimethyl-5 alpha cholestan-3 beta-o1 isolated by open column adsorptive chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC from P. homomalla with those of the corresponding synthetic 24 alpha and 24 beta compounds demonstrate that the gorgonian natural product is purely 24 beta, the same C-24 configuration found in sterols related to dinosterol and gorgosterol. 360 MHz 1HNMR data are also reported for synthetic 4 alpha, 24 beta-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholest-22E-en-3 beta-o1 (another P. homomalla natural product). The use of 1HNMR correlations in assigning C-24 configurations of 24-methyl marine sterols possessing various nuclei is examined and discussed. Analyses of the methyl sterol components of P. homomalla are tabulated and discussed with regard to origin and plausible biosynthetic interrelationships in light of the C-24 configurational findings. PMID- 6687024 TI - Chemical-induced changes in hepatic vascular innervation. AB - The aim of this work was to reveal the chemical-induced consequences of reversible and irreversible liver injury on the neural elements of liver vessels and to study the means of adaptation of the neuro-vascular unit to the compensatory changes during functional demands in the process from damage to regeneration. The effects of selective and non-specific hepatotoxic agents were studied in rats in acute and long-term poisoning. Acute intoxication with chemicals causing no obvious tissue destruction resulted in a decrease in the number of detectable monoaminergic nerve terminals and dense core vesicles of axons, and an increase in number of mast cells, in acute poisoning upon the effect of chemicals axondegeneration was not found. Long-term alcohol intoxication brought about hyperinnervation in the liver, decrease in blood pressure and hepatic arterial blood flow. The decrease in hepatic arterial blood flow due to noradrenaline was significantly less than in the control. During different stages of long-term carbon tetrachloride poisoning the alterations of hepatic innervation in the central and peripheral area of macroscopic liver lobe were not uniform. It is concluded that the experimentally altered environment transforms the target organ, which, in turn, can be regulated only by an adequately altered control unit. However, the functional-morphological unit operating compensatorily by means of a new innervation may respond to extraneuronal transmitters with a reaction different from that of the normal tissue. PMID- 6687022 TI - Chronic intrarenal delivery of PGE1 using an implantable drug delivery system. PMID- 6687026 TI - [Diagnosis of androgenic insufficiency in interoreceptive forms of sexual dysfunction]. PMID- 6687023 TI - [Diastolic and systolic functions of the left ventricle determined by M echocardiography in idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. AB - The diastolic function and the correlation between pump and diastolic function of left ventricle were studied in 35 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with subaortic stenosis via a M-echocardiographic investigation by Echoview 80 C in the routine method. The following indices were used: A. For the diastolic function: 1. Telediastolic dimension (TDD) and volume (TDV) of left ventricular cavity. 2. Dimension (DPhFF) and volume (VPhFF) of the left ventricular cavity at the end of the phase of fast filling; 3. Velocity of fast filling of the left ventricle (ml/sec) - (formula; see text) 4. Fraction of fast filling of left ventricle (%) - (formula; see text) 5. Velocity of backward motion of the anterior mitral cusp at the beginning of diastole (E - F segment); 6. Velocity of early diastolic motion of the posterior wall of left ventricle (PWLV); 7. Ratio between early diastolic (D) and systolic (S) interval of PWLV: D/S; 8. Telediastolic interval (A - C) of mitral valve; 9. Index of fast emptying of left ventricle; 10. Amplitude E - E' of mitral echogram; II. Area (cm2) between two mitral cusps in diastole. B. For the systolic (pump) function: 1. Stroke and minute volume (SV, MV) of left ventricle according to the cubic formula and Teicholz formula; 2. Telesystolic dimension (TSD) and volume (TSV) of left ventricular cavity; 3. Fraction of shortening (FS) of left ventricle (%); 4. Mean velocity of shortening of the circumferential fibres (mVcf) of left ventricle (circumf./S); 5. Ejection fraction (EF) of left ventricle (%). 6. Distance between left ventricular endocardium of interventricular septum and point E of mitral valve; 7. Fraction of systolic thickening of IVS and PWLV; 8. Velocity of systolic thickening of IVS and PWLV; 9. Amplitude of systolic motion of IVS and PWLV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6687025 TI - [Cases from edema consultation]. PMID- 6687027 TI - [Rare variants of secondary syphilis (hepatitis, periostitis, eye lesions)]. PMID- 6687028 TI - A multivariate genetic analysis of ridge count data from the offspring of monozygotic twins. AB - Two methods have been studied for extending the half-sib model, which was developed by Nance and Corey [34] for the genetic analysis of univariate traits, to include the analysis of multivariate traits. The methods are adaptations of the Bock and Vandenberg procedure [4] and the form of confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis which was developed by Joreskog and Sorbom for the LISREL IV program [22]. These methods were applied to sex-adjusted individual finger ridge count data from the offspring of monozygotic twins. The Bock and Vandenberg procedure was applied to the eigenvalues and eigenvectors from a nested analysis of variance on 30 balanced male twin kinships. The result was a matrix of pure genetic effects which was at least positive semidefinite, and therefore appropriate for factor analytic procedures. Principal components analysis revealed two substantial genetic factors, one with a strong impact on the ridge counts of all ten fingers, with the largest loadings on the three central fingers of each hand, and the other influencing the thumbs and fifth fingers with opposite signs. In both cases, the factor loadings of homologous fingers were nearly equal. Employing the Bock and Vandenberg procedure to analyze multivariate data from MZ twin kinship has both positive and negative features. Its greatest strength is that it is easy to program with the Nested, Matrix, and Factor Procedures of the Statistical Analysis System package [see 44]. Multivariate half-sib data on any traits can be quickly explored for genotypic associations with the availability of this package or others like it. The exploratory findings from this analysis, the LISREL analysis, and the Bock and Vandenberg analysis on MZ and DZ twin pairs, as reported by Nance et al [36] are in agreement. This attests to the validity of the results from the two procedures. Such strong agreement may not be the case for other genetic structures, however, and analysis of other sets of traits or analyses on simulated data should clarify the cases under which the procedures produce concordant results. A negative feature of the Bock and Vandenberg procedure is that it wastes much of the data taken from individuals who attend the Twin Clinic. Both male and female kinships are routinely ascertained, with equal frequencies, although in this analysis we have examined the results from male kinships only. In addition, a substantial number of the male kinships either do not meet the criterion of at least two individuals in each sibship, or else have larger sibships containing individuals who must be excluded from the analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6687029 TI - Behavioral patterns in full-term and preterm twins. AB - Scores from a behavioral assessment of 160 stable preterm newborn twins were compared with those obtained from 120 full-term newborn twins. The twins were examined during various activities to obtain representative samples of behavior in the following behavioral categories: irritability, resistance to soothing, reactivity, reinforcement value, and activity level. Within-pair correlations were found in all of the behavioral categories, suggesting a constitutional influence on behavioral patterns during the neonatal period. The preterm infants demonstrated internal consistency of behavior similar to that of the full-term group in the first three categories. However, group differences were found when comparing the preterm with the full-term infants on actual ratings of the items. Behavioral differences between these full-term and preterm twins were comparable to those published for samples of singleton infants. PMID- 6687030 TI - Cultic powers of Yoruba twins: manifestation of traditional and religious beliefs of the Yoruba. AB - The birth of twins was believed by the earlier Yoruba communities to be an omen. Drastic measures were adopted in the form of infanticide, or, sometimes, banishment of the twins with their mothers. The ritual killings were gradually replaced by acceptance and reverence of the twins, and thus evolved the kinship cult of twins in which the orisa ibeji, a tutelary deity of twins, became part of the Yoruba pantheon. Twins could be identified in the community by their fixed names of Taiwo and Kehinde. The community prescribes occupations to the mothers, which is learned through consultation with the oracle. The usual forms of occupation, which reflect the nature of the twins, are trading in oil, beans, or clothing, or requesting alms. The orisa ibeji and, by association, the twins were attributed powers of fertility, prosperity, avenger, detector of thieves, and rainmaker. Propitiation and supplication with offerings and sacrifices are an integral part of the cult of twins. PMID- 6687031 TI - Genetic and environmental factors in head and face measurements of Belgian twins. AB - Seventeen head and face measurements of 205 twin pairs, aged 18 to 25 years, are analyzed. In both sexes a significant genetic variance component is found for head length, head breadth, and frontal breadth, for seven breadth measurements of the face, for physio-face height, and nose height. A significant genetic variance component is found for nasion-gnathion, nasion-stomion, and lips height in males and for the two ear measurements in females. We suggest that the sex difference for heritability may be due to random factors and to continued growth from 18 to 25 years in males. PMID- 6687032 TI - Quantitative analysis of C-bands in chromosomes 1, 9, 16, and Y of twins. AB - Thirty-two pairs of Caucasoid twins, 16 monozygotic (MZ) and 16 dizygotic (DZ) of the same sex, were studied by densitometry in relation to the C-bands of chromosomes 1, 9, 16, and Y. Confirming earlier results, concordance was not absolute among MZ. Estimates of the degree of genetic determination for these traits varied from 0.73 to 0.89 for the autosomes and from 0.86 to 0.95 for the Y. There are now stronger indications that a fraction of the intergeneration variability found in these structures may be real, probably due to mitotic and/or meiotic unequal crossing-over. PMID- 6687033 TI - [Synthesis and the effect of new perhydro-1,4,7-oxadiazonine derivatives on the central nervous system]. PMID- 6687034 TI - [Effects of argon laser irradiation on the monkey retina treated with hematoporphyrin derivative--fluorescein angiographic and light microscopic study]. PMID- 6687035 TI - Ototoxicity of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) in guinea pigs. AB - Effects of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II), an agent that has potent antineoplastic activity, were studied in guinea pigs. With repeated administration of a daily dose of 1.5 mg/kg of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum, the cochlear microphonics were suppressed. Suppression of the cochlear microphonics was greater in the basal turn than in the third turn of the cochlea. There was a close correlation between loss of the cochlear hair cells and suppression of the cochlear microphonics. The endocochlear potential was decreased in the basal turn but remained unchanged in the upper turn of the cochlea. The sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations in both endolymph and perilymph were not affected. Slight and moderate congestion and regeneration of tubular epithelium of kidney were observed in guinea pigs treated with cis-dichlorodiammine platinum. PMID- 6687036 TI - An ultrastructural study of lactation in the human breast. AB - In this study the morphological features of lactation in the human breast were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The lactating lobules comprised large numbers of interconnecting acini which were lined by a single layer of epithelial cells with underlying myoepithelial cells. Marked variations were noted in the shape of the epithelial cells. The myoepithelial cells formed an open meshwork of interconnecting cytoplasmic processes packed with myofibrils. The basal cytoplasm of the epithelial cells was packed with rough endoplasmic reticulum while the apical cytoplasm contained a hypertrophic Golgi body, numerous vacuoles (a few of which contained casein micelles), a number of lipid droplets and small coated and uncoated vesicles. The lipid droplets were released by progressive protrusion from the apical surface. They remained covered by the plasmalemma and were finally budded off into the lumen. In certain cases a portion of cytoplasm was released with the lipid droplet. The vacuoles and small vesicles fused with the plasmalemma and released their contents by exocytosis. Within the samples the majority of epithelial cells were actively lactating although examples of undifferentiated "resting" and dead (lysed) cells were also identified. PMID- 6687037 TI - Xylose distribution within and taxonomy of the genera Bullera and Sporobolomyces. AB - All CBS strains of the ballistosporic genera Bullera and Sporobolomyces were screened for the presence of xylose by means of gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of derivatized whole-cell hydrolysates. Xylose was found in the majority of Bullera strains, whereas it was mostly absent from Sporobolomyces. The results do not suggest the necessity of any changes in the present concepts of both genera. PMID- 6687038 TI - Growth responses to nutrients of an auxotroph and a prototroph of a predatory fungus. AB - The growth responses of a prototroph and an auxotroph of Arthrobotrys dactyloides were compared, on several nutrient media. The prototroph can utilize a variety of nitrogenous compounds almost equally, but the auxotroph has an exacting requirement for several amino acids together. Both strains utilize sucrose best among the three sugars tested as a C-source but the prototroph responds strongly to phospholipid, in addition. They differ in their needs for purines, pyrimidines and B vitamins. PMID- 6687039 TI - [Sex hormones binding globulin in lying-in women and their newborn infants with intrauterine malnutrition]. AB - The purpose of this research was to study the binding capacity of estrogens to the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in mothers and their intrauterine malnourished newborns. Blood samples were obtained from mothers at delivery, and from babies, of the umbilical cord. SHBG was measured according to the method of Mickelson and Petra. It was found in mothers of malnourished babies that the binding capacity of serum protein to dehydrotestosterone (DHT) was significantly decreased in comparison to the controls (10.63 +/- 1.61 vs 13.25 +/- 2.18 micrograms DHT/dl serum, respectively), whereas it was significantly increased in intrauterine malnourished newborns (1.01 +/- 0.24 vs 0.77 +/- 0.18, respectively). These results suggest that SHBG decrease in mothers of intrauterine malnourished newborns occurs due to a decrease in the production of fetal adrenal hormone precursors and may, therefore, be a compensating mechanism to increase placental flow. PMID- 6687040 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of Blastocystis hominis. PMID- 6687041 TI - [Protein digestion in ruminant calves]. AB - The influence of various protein sources on N-digestion in forestomachs was investigated with 10 calves of the average age of 12 weeks which were supplied with duodenal re-entrant cannulae. 50 and 100% resp. of the soybean coarse meal-N in the standard ration (A) were replaced by urea-N (B) and lucerne-N (C). The crude protein concentration in the test rations varied between 17 and 19%. In the rumen the average NH3-concentration for rations A, B and C amounted to 7.7, 18.9 and 4.5 mg/100 ml resp., the pH-value was 6.4, 6.8 and 6.3 resp. 2.2, 2.4 and 2.7 g bacteria-N were synthesised per 100 g fermented organic matter. There were significant differences as regards the flow of non-ammonia N measured at the duodenum. Related to N-intake, values of 90, 79 and 104% were registered. 3.7, 3.7 and 4.3 g resp. non-NH3-N per 100 g digested organic matter were found at the duodenum. Under consideration of the high protein level of more than 17% (in the dry matter of the ration) required for this phase of growth, a partial replacement of soybean coarse meal-N by urea-N is of little effectivity. In contrast to this, the complete replacement of soybean protein by lucerne protein could guarantee the protein supply of 12-week-old calves. PMID- 6687042 TI - A new acoustic method for the discrimination of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. AB - The close similarity of the voices of consanguineous persons has suggested that there must exist hereditary phonetic parameters. To test this hypothesis, a method for characterizing numerically the similarity or dissimilarity of voices of twins with zygosity previously established by anthropological methods was elaborated. By speech processing and appropriate classification strategy the method has attained the discriminating power of blood-group determination for zygosity. The hereditability of certain physical parameters of the human voice has also been suggested. PMID- 6687043 TI - Structural DNA and genetically active DNA in dinoflagellate chromosomes. AB - High resolution electron microscope autoradiographs of [3H]adenine incorporation in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans suggest that RNA transcription occurs on extrachromosomal DNA filaments, but not on DNA in the main body of the chromosome. This genetically inactive DNA has an important role, however, in stabilising chromosome structure by its association with protein matrix. Evidence for the importance of this molecular association (which is probably cation mediated) is provided by alkaline buffer extraction of the protein matrix in chromosomes of Amphidinium carterae , leading to complete destabilisation of the DNA framework. The clear distinction between structural DNA and genetically active DNA in these chromosomes provides a marked contrast to normal eucaryote chromosomes. This distinction is related to the occurrence of high DNA values in these organisms, and the evolutionary status of the dinoflagellate chromosome. PMID- 6687044 TI - Some properties of the histone-like protein from Crypthecodinium cohnii (HCc). AB - The histone-like protein from Crypthecodinium cohnii (HCc) was examined in regard to its amino acid composition and the peptide pattern resulting from protease digestion. A revised amino acid composition indicated a higher lysine and arginine content and a lower glycine content than that determined previously. Comparative peptide mapping of HCc with HTa, a histone-like protein from Thermoplasma acidophilum, and with a histone-like protein from the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium dorsum showed significant differences in the peptide patterns produced. PMID- 6687046 TI - Ultrastructural morphometry of the human sperm flagellum with a stereological analysis of the lengths of the dense fibres. AB - The dimensions of the various regions of the flagellum and the length of each of the dense fibres has been determined by transmission electron microscopy of a large number of spermatozoa from ten men. The overall mean length of the flagellum was 60.5 micron, and its diameter diminished from 0.88 micron in the midpiece to 0.17 micron at the terminal filament. The midpiece and terminal filament as measured in longitudinal sections had variable lengths among spermatozoa (3.4 +/- 0.5 (S.D.) micron and 3.1 +/- 1.0 micron respectively). Stereological analysis was used to estimate the length of the principal piece (53 micron) and the dense fibres. These latter fibres were of unequal length and extended along 60% of the length of the principal piece. They fell into 3 groups with respect to their lengths: (i) fibres 3 and 8 were short (6 micron); (ii) fibres 4, 2 and 7 were of medium length (17, 18 and 21 micron respectively); and (iii) the longest fibres were 5, 6, 9 (31, 32 and 31 micron respectively) and fibre 1 which was a little longer (35 micron). Although there was variation in the length of the various fibres among spermatozoa, the order of their termination was relatively constant. The relationship between these quantitative data regarding the structural characteristics of the dense fibres and the shape of the flagellar wave is discussed. PMID- 6687047 TI - The cytoskeletal lattice of the neurohypophysial cells. AB - The cytoskeleton of rat neurohypophysial cells as seen in resinless sections is an irregular three-dimensional lattice of short strands of cytoplasmic matrix (the microtrabeculae) that interconnect parallel arrays of neurotubules, neurofilaments, abundant neurosecretory granules, and other membrane-bound organelles including the plasma membrane. This morphological finding suggests that the cytoplasmic ground substance constitutes a cytoskeletal continuum that may be the ultrastructural expression of a motile apparatus responsible for neurosecretory granule movement and hormone release in the neurohypophysis. PMID- 6687045 TI - The functional and phylogenetic significance of dinoflagellate eyespots. AB - The eyespots or stigmas from five species of dinoflagellates fall into three distinct categories: independent eyespot which is not membrane bound; independent eyespot which is surrounded by three membranes; eyespot situated at the periphery of a chloroplast. In all cases the eyespot is situated behind the longitudinal groove or sulcus and there is a strand of microtubules between the eyespot and the cell covering or theca. In two cases the strand has been clearly shown to originate near the base of the longitudinal flagellum, which is the one passing over the eyespot and is also responsible for directional movement of the cell. The microtubular strand is presumed to play a part in the transmission of directional stimulation from eyespot to flagellum and a hypothesis is advanced to explain how this may be brought about. Phylogenetically, the structure of the various types of eyespots would link these dinoflagellates with euglenids and chrysophytes , and the diversity found in the dinoflagellates is probably a reflection of the diverse origin of chloroplasts in this group. PMID- 6687048 TI - Regulation of cell cycle by cytoplasmic components in the amphibian eggs. AB - Injections of extracts of Xenopus egg cytoplasm induce precocious cleavage furrows in activated Pleurodeles eggs. This cleavage timing system (CTS) activity is retained in two distinct fractions separated by gel filtration. Acceleration of the first cell cycle of the Pleurodeles egg is directly related to the concentration of the injected extracts. However, the maximum advance of the cleavage cycle does not exceed 25 to 30% of the control cycle. Preliminary characterization of these fractions indicates that the CTS effect is abolished after protease but not RNAse treatment, and that the CTS factors are thermostable. The phase of the egg cell cycle sensitive to the CTS factors, which act as a 'clock system mechanism', is discussed. PMID- 6687049 TI - The effect of ammonia on stalk cell formation in submerged monolayers of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - It has been shown that ammonia inhibits stalk cell formation in monolayers of V12M2, and it was suggested that this inhibition was due to an antagonism of the differentiation-inducing factor (DIF) (Gross, J.D. et al., Nature, 303, 244-246, 1983). However, the results presented here indicate that ammonia inhibition is independent of DIF concentration, and that it occurs well in advance of the period of DIF requirement. Ammonia completely inhibits DIF accumulation and inhibits stalk cell differentiation, but there is no inhibition of prespore cell formation. These results imply the existence of an early ammonia-sensitive event that influences terminal cell type differentiation. PMID- 6687050 TI - Parasitological studies on "Onchocerca volvulus" eight years after interruption of the transmission in Upper Volta. AB - The macrofilaria population was analysed in a hyperendemic focus in western Upper Volta to determine the effect of eight years of Simulium control on the adult Onchocerca volvulus. During the first months of 1983 in three neighbouring villages 629 out of 786 inhabitants were examined for onchocerciasis and from 76 patients as far as possible all onchocercomata were extirpated. The macrofilariae were isolated from the nodules after collagenase digestion and examined microscopically. There were no major differences between men and women or different age groups. The average worm burden was 9.8 live macrofilariae per patient. All worms were several years old but developing sperms were found in 94% of the male and embryos in 55% of the female filariae. 36% of all worms were dead and 23% were calcified. Compared with the findings in a Liberian focus with continuous transmission it is concluded that the interruption of the transmission has lead to a reduced worm burden of entirely old worms but that a few more years of control will be needed until the production of microfitariae will end. PMID- 6687051 TI - Occurrence of both urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator in the human endometrium. AB - The presence of two different plasminogen activators, urokinase and tissue activator, in the endometrium was demonstrated immunologically. Tissue activator was prevalent and urokinase was present in only minor amounts in endometrial tissue extractions. In tissue culture, on the contrary, endometrial explants released more urokinase than tissue activator into the medium and the fibrinolytic activity of the medium was mainly due to urokinase. This may reflect different modes of intracellular storage of the two activators, or the presence of a pre-urokinase which is immunologically different from urokinase and which is activated upon release. The amount of urokinase and fibrinolytic activity released into the culture medium was higher when endometrium samples had been obtained in the midcycle phase than in the proliferative and luteal phases. This pattern mimics the in vivo release of plasminogen activator from the endometrium into the uterine fluid. Endometrium obtained from IUD-users had a higher content of urokinase than that obtained from non-users. PMID- 6687052 TI - [Splenectomy in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 6687053 TI - Childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. PMID- 6687054 TI - Experimental filariasis of Dipetalonema dessetae in Proechimys oris: 3. Effects of parasitism on the pharmacokinetics of diethylcarbamazine. AB - The pharmacokinetic parameters of diethylcarbamazine were compared in the plasma and peritoneal fluid of 5 non-infected rodents. In the filarial animals, the absorption rate constant and the elimination rate constant were significantly increased. The peak plasma concentration was twofold higher in the infested rodents than the control animals, and this may account for the rapid action of diethylcarbamazine on blood-circulating microfilariae. The area under the curve was unchanged. Total clearance is slightly increased in filarial rodents. These data are explained by an important reduction of renal clearance combined with a moderate increase of extra renal clearance. High levels of diethylcarbamazine in peritoneal fluid, resulting from the excellent diffusion of the drug in filarial animals explains the activity on adult worms. But the parasitism does not affect the mechanism of distribution of the drug between plasma and peritoneal liquid. PMID- 6687055 TI - [Adipocyte insulin binding and glucose transport in normal pregnancy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic pregnancy in the rat: evidence for a postreceptor abnormality in insulin action]. AB - To investigate the effect of pregnancy on the course of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes, insulin binding to receptors and glucose transport activity were studied in isolated adipocytes from normal nonpregnant, normal pregnant, STZ treated nonpregnant and STZ-treated pregnant rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by the administration of 40 mg/kg of STZ, and those exhibiting blood sugar concentrations between 150 and 250 mg/100 ml (198.8 +/- 6.4 mg/100 ml, mean +/- SEM) 7 days after treatment, were then used for the experiments as diabetic animals. Rats were mated at least 10 days after STZ administration. All studies were performed on gestational day 19. Fetuses of the diabetic mothers tended to be heavier than those of the control rats (2.49 +/- 0.31 vs. 2.38 +/- 0.22 g, mean +/- SD), but the difference was not statistically significant. Placental weights were significantly greater in the diabetics than in the controls (0.60 +/ 0.12 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.097 g, mean /+- SD, p less than 0.05). Insulin binding to receptors at an insulin concentration of 0.2 ng/ml was increased by 21% in the STZ-treated nonpregnant group as compared with the untreated non-pregnant group, by 32% in the STZ-treated pregnant group as compared with the untreated pregnant group due to increased receptor affinity without increasing the receptor number. However, no change in insulin binding was detected between the normal nonpregnant and normal pregnant, STZ-treated nonpregnant and STZ-treated pregnant groups. Glucose transport activity was decreased in adipocytes from the normal pregnant group as compared with that of the normal nonpregnant group. The effect was also observed between adipocytes from the sTZ-treated pregnant group and from the STZ treated nonpregnant group. Adipocytes from rats belonging to either the normal pregnant group or the STZ-treated nonpregnant group showed a similar decrease in glucose transport activity, suggesting an equal effect of pregnancy and mild diabetes on glucose transport. Furthermore, adipocytes from the STZ-treated pregnant group showed the lowest transport activity of the four groups studied, suggesting an additive effect of pregnancy and diabetes on glucose transport activity. In conclusion, although insulin action in isolated adipocytes is reduced by pregnancy whether diabetes is induced or not, insulin binding to receptors is not changed by pregnancy. Thus, the effect on insulin action in adipocytes from diabetic rats as well as normal rats might lie at a site distal to the receptor. Insulin action in isolated adipocytes is reduced additively by pregnancy and diabetes. PMID- 6687056 TI - [Estrogen production in the perinatal ovary]. PMID- 6687057 TI - [Premenstrual syndrome]. PMID- 6687058 TI - [The treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6687059 TI - Lipid binding studies with apo-C protein of hen's egg yolk very low density lipoprotein. PMID- 6687061 TI - In vitro studies of antibiotic (KT-199) on the hatching of eggs and survival of larvae of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood. PMID- 6687060 TI - Simultaneous meningioma and glioma. Difficulties of neuroradiological diagnosis. Report of a case. AB - We report a case of coincidental meningioma and astrocytoma in the same hemisphere. Neuroradiological examination, CT and angiography showed only one of the tumors. PMID- 6687062 TI - Pituitary-ovarian relationships during the estrous cycle and the influence of parity in an inbred strain of miniature swine. AB - Pituitary-ovarian function was analyzed in a strain of miniature swine previously shown to produce a low ovulation rate resulting in the formation of only 8.6 corpora lutea (CL)/animal. Five multiparous (M) and four nulliparous (N) miniature pigs with a mean inbreeding coefficient of .39 were monitored for estrous behavior through four consecutive estrous cycles. Daily blood samples were collected from 5 d before to 5 d after the onset of the second, third and fourth estrus and at 48-h intervals during the remainder of the second and third estrous cycle. Laparoscopy was used to examine the ovaries 1 and 5 d after onset of the third estrus and 2 d after the beginning of the fourth estrus. For the entire group, temporal fluctuations among serum estradiol-17 beta, luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone concentrations and sexual behavior were similar to previously published data in standard swine breeds. Although the mean lengths of the estrous cycle were not different (P greater than .05) between parity subgroups (M, 23 +/- 1.3 vs N, 22 +/- .7 d), multiparous pigs were in estrus longer (P less than .05) than nulliparous females (M, 3.7 +/- .2 vs N, 2.2 +/- .4 d). Parity subgroups were similar with respect to the mean number of follicles forming CL (M, 8.8 +/- .7 vs N, 9.2 +/- .2). Although an average of 6.2 +/- 2.1 CL had formed by 24-h after onset of estrus in the nulliparous subgroup, no CL were detected in the multiparous subgroup at this time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6687063 TI - [Retinal detachment in the 2d eye. Risk factors]. AB - 1148 patients underwent retinal detachment (RD) surgery between october 1st 1969 and december 31st 1979 with follow up assured until june 30th 1983 non idiopathic retinal detachments were excluded from this study which was focused on the risk factors concerning detachment of the second eye. With this time criteria the present rate of RD on the second eye is 4,03% : 39 eyes in 970 patients for whom the second eye was present examinable and free of any RD at the time of the first examination. A statistical analysis with the X2 test shows that male patients (p less than 0,025) and heavily myopic eyes (p less than 0,025) are at greater risk; giant tears (70 degrees and more) in the first eye are also an important risk factor. When it comes to preexisting peripheral lesions, the data are more confusing. While the absence of such lesions is not protective against detachment, the contralateral eyes of patients with so-called dangerous lesions may remain detachment-free for a very long time without any treatment. We think that the best prophylactic treatment consists of an equatorial 360 degrees argon laser photocoagulation, with the following indications: giant tear, any break, and peripheral degenerations that lead to a progressive thinning of the inner retina. Care must be taken not to perform heavy photocoagulation therapy on eyes harboring a cellular, densified vitreous. PMID- 6687064 TI - [Obstructive posterior urethral valves. A series of 82 cases]. AB - The authors report their experience gained from a series of 82 cases of severe posterior urethral valves with distension of the upper urinary tract. From analysis of their own series and from a study of the literature, they propose a therapeutic approach to these severe forms. Vesico-ureteral reflux was present in 45% of cases. Once the patency of the bladder neck and urethra was restored, 41% of these cases of reflux disappeared spontaneously and 25% persisted but were well tolerated. Only 13 ureters (29.5%) had to be re-implanted. The cases of ureteral distension without reflux had a similar favourable course after removal of the obstruction of the lower urinary tract. 57% of the dilated ureters resolved or were greatly improved and 11% persisted but were well tolerated. Simple treatment of the valves meant that ureterovesical re-implantation was avoided in 68% of cases. The overall results of uretero-vesical re-implantation were mediocre: out of 32 re-implanted ureters, there were only 15 successes (46.9%), 13 cases (40.6%) were unchanged and there were 4 failures (12.5%). The authors recommend the simple treatment of the posterior valves and suggest careful consideration of the indications for ureterovesical re-implantations in children with abnormal bladder and ureters proximal to the posterior urethral valves. PMID- 6687066 TI - Public health significance of Neoascaris vitulorum larvae in buffalo milk samples. PMID- 6687065 TI - Protofilament number in microtubules in cells of two parasitic nematodes. AB - The parasitic nematodes, Ascaridia galli and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, were prepared for electron microscopy with fixatives containing tannic acid, which allowed their microtubule protofilament number to be examined. In contrast to many mammalian tissues, the nematodes did not contain microtubules with 13 protofilaments. Ascaridia galli contained microtubules with 11 protofilaments in all tissues examined, including nerve, intestinal, pharyngeal, and hypodermal cells. Trichostrongylus colubriformis contained nerve cells, known as microtubule cells, with bundles of larger microtubules (approximately 30 nm in diameter) with 14 protofilaments. The microtubules in these cells did not appear to be continuous for the entire length of the axon. Other cells examined in T. colubriformis, including nerve, intestinal and pharyngeal cells, contained two distinct types of microtubules, one with 11 protofilaments and an approximate diameter of 25 nm, and one with 12 protofilaments and an approximate diameter of 27 nm. All cell types examined contained both types of microtubules. PMID- 6687069 TI - [Percutaneous lymph node needle biopsy]. PMID- 6687067 TI - Occurrence of actinlike microfilaments in the outer root sheath cells of the hair follicle: a possible role of a cytoskeleton. AB - Broad bundles of actinlike microfilaments are found in the basal cells of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. The filaments react specifically with heavy meromyosin to form a fuzzy structure, and disappear from the cells after the actin depolymerization treatment. An array of the filament bundles alters along with the cell shape changes of the basal cells. In the flattened cells of the hair follicle bulb, the bundles appear to run parallel to the long axis of the cells, and are present in the basal cytoplasm. In the cuboidal cells of the suprabulbar and the more superficial portion of the follicle, the bundles are perpendicular to the basal plasma membrane, and are disposed mainly in the basal cytoplasm. The microfilaments are associated with the basal plasma membrane directly or via insertion into the plaque of the membrane, where filamentous or amorphous materials link the membrane and the basal lamina. In vitro treatment of cytochalasin B for up to 8 hr causes no visible change in the distribution pattern of the bundles nor abnormal changes in the cell shape. Thus, the actinlike microfilament bundles appear to provide a cytoskeletal system responsible for the maintenance of the cell shape change, since they are disposed in the direction and area in which a maintenance force for the cell shape change may be required, and other cytoskeletal systems of the cells such as microtubules and tonofilament-desmosome complexes are poorly developed, and no hemidesmosomes are present in the cells. PMID- 6687068 TI - [Antithrombotic agents against platelet aggregation]. PMID- 6687070 TI - Localization of fibrinolytic activity in ovulation of the rat follicle as determined by the fibrin slide method. AB - The localization and changes of fibrinolytic activity during the process of ovulation were investigated by the fibrin slide method. In regular estrous cycle rats, fibrinolytic activity first appeared in the external area of the follicle wall (stigma) at 12 hr before ovulation. No activity was noted in the follicular cavity at this time. A peak of activity was seen at 2 hr before ovulation. After ovulation, the activity decreased markedly. The activity was completely inhibited on fibrin slides to which 10(-2) M trans-aminomethyl-cyclohexane carboxylic acid had been added. No activity was observed on plasminogen-free fibrin slides. These results suggest that fibrinolytic activity is one of the important factors involved in the rupture of the mature follicle wall, and that the fibrinolytic activity is due to plasminogen activator activity. PMID- 6687071 TI - Substrate specificity of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase as determined with synthetic chromogenic substrates. AB - Three different synthetic chromogenic substrates )H-glutamylglycyl-L-arginine-p nitroanilide (S-2227), pyro-glutamyl-glycyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (S-2444), and H-D-isoleucyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (S-2288] were investigated for use in the measurement of plasminogen activator activity with high molecular weight urokinase (H-UK), low molecular weight urokinase (L-UK), and tissue plasminogen activator (TPA). The three substrates were hydrolyzed by both TPA type and UK-type plasminogen activator. As regards the amidolytic activity of S 2227, TPA exhibited a weaker amidolytic activity, and L-UK a stronger activity. In the case of the amidolytic activity of S-2444, no great difference between the three activators was observed in terms of Vmax. As regards the amidolytic activity of S-2288, L-UK exhibited a stronger activity, and TPA a weaker activity. It is suggested that the molecular size of the synthetic chromogenic substrate was too small when compared to natural substrate (fibrin), and therefore that fibrin-binding sites around the catalytic site in TPA are not recognized. PMID- 6687073 TI - Medicolegal aspects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 6687072 TI - Purification and reconstitution of Na+/D-glucose cotransport carriers from guinea pig small intestine. AB - Sodium/D-glucose cotransport carriers solubilized from intestinal brush border membranes were purified and incorporated into liposomes made of soybean phospholipids, and transport properties of the reconstituted system were studied. The brush border membrane vesicles prepared from guinea pig small intestine were first treated with deoxycholate and papain in order to remove unnecessary membrane proteins, and then the remaining membrane proteins were solubilized with Triton X-100. The solubilized proteins were fractionated by-gel-filtration according to molecular size and the fractions containing proteins of molecular weight of around 340 K daltons were further separated by chromatofocusing according to isoelectric point. The Na+ gradient-dependent overshoot uptake of D glucose was seen when the proteins which were finally eluted in the pH range of 5.0-5.5 were incorporated into the liposomes. The proteins purified and incorporated into liposomes could be visualized on sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a single band of 160,000 dalton glycoprotein. The proteoliposomes constructed with the purified proteins revealed about 20-fold higher accumulation of D-glucose as compared with those constructed with unpurified membrane protein extracts. Kinetically, however, the reconstituted system revealed somewhat different characteristics from those of the native brush border membrane vesicles, i.e. retarded time course of overshooting uptake and an S-shaped relationship between 1-min uptake of glucose (the quasi-initial rate of glucose uptake) and glucose concentration. The reciprocal of the uptake rate was linearly proportional to the reciprocal of the square of glucose concentration and the estimated Hill coefficient was about 2. PMID- 6687074 TI - Informed consent in plastic surgery. PMID- 6687075 TI - Medico-legal aspects of prisons and prisoners. PMID- 6687077 TI - Editorial: Forensic sexology. PMID- 6687076 TI - A comparative survey of the medico-legal aspects of death in Europe. PMID- 6687078 TI - Edmonton's arson epidemic: February 1980. PMID- 6687079 TI - Computerised medicine and the question of ethics. PMID- 6687080 TI - Computer support for medicolegal investigative systems. PMID- 6687081 TI - Medical law in the nineties. PMID- 6687082 TI - Organ transplantation: medico-legal considerations. PMID- 6687086 TI - On expert testimony. The Supreme Court of the Federal Republic of Germany (September 27, 1977). PMID- 6687084 TI - R. v. Okin: a challenge for individualists. PMID- 6687083 TI - The origin of the criminal jury trial, the Rubicon, and the hazards and benefits of the crossing. PMID- 6687087 TI - Pharaonic circumcision of females in the Sudan. PMID- 6687085 TI - Minors and health care - who decides? PMID- 6687088 TI - Medicoscientific nonjudgmentalism incompatible with legal judgmentalism. A model case report: kleptomania. PMID- 6687089 TI - The torture of the automobile way of life. PMID- 6687090 TI - [Doppler ultrasound in the study of renal-spermatic vein reflux in patients with left varicocele]. PMID- 6687091 TI - [Pathology of the male breast. Review of 359 biopsy cases]. PMID- 6687092 TI - Behavioral, but not physiological, adaptation to repeated separation in mother and infant primates. AB - Mother and infant squirrel monkeys were subjected to a series of brief separations in order to evaluate how behavioral and physiological responses change following multiple exposures to stress. Beginning when the infants reached three months of age, their behavioral and hormonal responses were assessed during six 1-hr separations; and additional five dyads served as controls for the effect of repeated disturbance. The separated infants showed a marked and progressive decrease in distress calling across time, but no change was observed in the high levels of agitated activity or the plasma cortisol response to separation. This finding questions the traditional use of distress vocalizations as a measure of stress and indicates that certain types of behavior can change independently of physiological arousal responses, which may continue to occur even after repeated exposures to stress. PMID- 6687093 TI - Metamorphosis of retinal exudation following argon laser photocoagulation of retinal telangiectasia. AB - The authors report a case of retinal telangiectasia in which numerous spheroidal, presumably lipid bodies formed within the subretinal space and in instances migrated within the subretinal space and into the vitreous following argon laser photocoagulation to the anomalous retinal vessels. PMID- 6687094 TI - [Uretero-vaginal fistulas. Considerations on 15 cases]. PMID- 6687095 TI - Estradiol, progesteron and indomethacin influence on the methyl-ergometrine maleate activity on rat uterus. PMID- 6687096 TI - Effect of chronic phencyclidine administration upon blood biochemical profiles in rats. AB - Twenty-three blood constituents were analyzed in rats chronically injected with phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust). After receiving three injections weekly for an average of 9 months the only analyte to significantly change was creatine phosphokinase (CPK), which showed a threefold elevation over the saline injected controls. PMID- 6687098 TI - Clinical evaluation of platelet-bound IgG in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6687097 TI - Effects of variations in time pattern of nitrogen addition on development of HPNS in mice. AB - The effect of change in injection pattern in nitrogen on threshold pressures of three symptoms associated with compression in helium/nitrogen atmospheres was explored. Excitement threshold pressures decrease with increasing concentrations of N2 and are not affected by changing from continuous to equivalent bolus N2 injection. Coarse tremor onset is delayed in direct proportion to the amount of N2 present with the same relative potency in compression at 60 atm/h as at 1000 atm/h. Bolus injection of N2 is less than half as effective as continuous injection in this respect. Threshold pressures of convulsion from high pressure neurological syndrome (HPNS) increase with increasing amounts of N2, the relative anticonvulsant potency of the gas being independent of compression rate when this is introduced by continuous injection. A bolus effect similar to, though smaller than with coarse tremors, is encountered at a compression rate of 60 atm/h but is absent at 1000 atm/h. Late injection of the bolus likewise abolishes this bolus effect. Possible mechanisms to give rise to these effects are discussed, and the bearing of the data on time sequence of HPNS development is explored. PMID- 6687099 TI - Platelet kinetics in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6687100 TI - Characteristics of megakaryocytes in relation to platelet production in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6687101 TI - Role of the platelet in maintaining the integrity of the vascular endothelial cell. PMID- 6687102 TI - The diuretic action of noradrenaline and dopamine in rats with chemical serotoninectomy and central nervous system sympathectomy. AB - It was demonstrated that dopamine administered into the lateral ventricle of rats with chemically induced sympathectomy of the central nervous system had an evident diuretic effect observed 4 as well as 24 hours after its injection. Noradrenaline, on the other hand, increased diuresis in control rats and in those with chemical serotoninectomy, but only in the first 4 hours of the experiment. Chemical sympathectomy of the central nervous system abolished the diuretic effect of noradrenaline. The results of the experiment confirm the role of mainly dopaminergic receptors in the central regulation of diuresis in this experimental model. PMID- 6687104 TI - [Familial case of a balanced chromosomal translocation (7;8) (q11;p23) as a cause of reproductive failure]. PMID- 6687103 TI - Correlation of whole blood concentrations of acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and milk yield in dairy cows as studied under field conditions. PMID- 6687106 TI - [Whole soy bean flour: use of a methodology of response surface for the study of nutritional aspects]. AB - Cotyledons of soybeans (Glycine max) of the Parana variety were subjected to hydrothermal processing. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the conditions which provided a product of the highest protein quality. The processing variables used in the experimental design were: soaking time (0 - 8 hr); blanching time (5 - 35 min) and bicarbonate concentration (0 - 0.5 g%) in blanching water. Biological evaluations of protein quality were done using the NPR. The mathematical model developed does not distinguish between treatments (p less than 0.05) in the experimental region studied. PMID- 6687105 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen from human malignant melanoma cells. II. Grafting of the cells in the hamster cheek pouch. AB - The preceding paper described production and release of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by in vitro culture of the human malignant melanotic melanoma (HMMC-ShAE+) cell line; the present paper reports on two findings related to CEA biofunction. 1) The function of cell membrane oligosaccharides on the antigen-antibody reaction, i.e. the binding of 125I-labelled monoclonal anti-HMMC-ShAE+ antibodies to enzymically modified HMMC-ShAE+ cells. In these experiments, two approaches were used: sequential treatment with exohydrolases and cultivation of the cells in media supplemented with nontoxic levels of tunicamycin and swainsonine. 2) The effect of grafting, into the hamster cheek pouch, of modified HMMC-ShAE+ cells on plasma CEA, plasma anti-CEA and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Commercially available 125I-labelled CEA and the "Abbott" enzyme-linked immunoassay were used to monitor plasma anti-CEA and CEA levels, respectively. 125I-deoxyuridine-labelled HMMC-ShAE+ were used to monitor plasma antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 6687107 TI - Antifungal activity of Wratizolin. AB - Wratizolin was found to inhibit completely or delay markedly the growth of fungi of Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton genus. Mould fungi, yeasts, and yeast-like organisms, with a few exceptions, were not sensitive to Wratizolin. PMID- 6687108 TI - Biological evaluation of Wratizolin penetration from ointments to the skin. AB - The degree of Wratizolin penetration to the skin from ointments prepared in 6 different media was determined. Experiments were carried out in mice and guinea pigs using: a) method determining the decrement of cytotoxic and antibacterial activity of the tested ointment contacted with the skin, b) biological tests to check the presence-of the drug in tissue extracts. Absorption of Wratizolin appeared dependent upon the kind of base ointment. The preparation penetrated well when suspended in polyethylene glycol base ointment (PEG). PMID- 6687109 TI - [The hemodynamics of pelvic circulation after reconstructive aorto-iliac surgery]. AB - An attempt is made to identify the factors responsible for pelvic haemodynamic modification following aorto-iliac reconstructive surgery. 24 patients submitted to operation for aorto-iliac arterial lesions have been assessed pre- and post operatively as regards capacity of erection. The penile-brachial index obtained by way of a Doppler sound technique is used as a parameter. The type of reconstruction, extent and bilaterality of the lesions are the factors influencing a change in the index after. intervention. Although there are many causes underlying erection, a reduction of this index should not be provoked below given values that are in themselves capable of conditioning vascular-based impotence. PMID- 6687110 TI - [Membranous subaortic stenosis]. PMID- 6687111 TI - A review of low intensity bioeffects and their relation to B-mode ultrasonic imaging. PMID- 6687112 TI - Physiological variations of serum levels of copper, zinc, iron and manganese. AB - The effect of adult age, sex, diurnal rhythm and pregnancy on the serum level of copper, zinc, iron and manganese determined by flameless atomic absorption is described. There was no diurnal variation for serum copper but a significant decrease for the other three metals. Copper concentration is lower in males and iron lower in females. Zinc and manganese are identical for both sexes and there is no age dependent change in adults. During pregnancy, zinc and iron decrease and copper and manganese increase. PMID- 6687113 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects of the dormant Artemia embryo]. AB - The ultrastructure of the Artemia cyst and larval organism was investigated. The morphology of the blastomere and of the cell organelles was described. Investigations showed the presence of two mitochondria populations: one located in the cytoplasm, the other one embedded inside the yolk platelets. Relations between yolk and mitochondria are more obvious when considering the first steps of embryonic development. PMID- 6687114 TI - [Mycological survey of soybean paste, soy sauce and barbecue sauce for standardization purposes]. PMID- 6687115 TI - [Open-angle glaucoma and idiopathic retinal detachment. Clinical and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6687116 TI - [Incidence and prognosis of ocular involvement in chronic juvenile rheumatism]. PMID- 6687117 TI - [Hemangioblastoma--clinicopathologic and ultrastructural study of 22 cases]. PMID- 6687118 TI - [Cis-platinum (DDP) in the treatment of advanced malignant ovarian tumors--report of 30 cases]. PMID- 6687120 TI - Fluorescein angiography and argon laser photocoagulation in the management of diabetic maculopathy. PMID- 6687119 TI - Ovarian steroids and modulation of morphine-induced analgesia and catalepsy in female rats. AB - The influence of ovarian steroids on modulation of antinociceptive and cataleptic responses to morphine in female rats was evaluated. The sensitivity of the animals to morphine varied at different stages of the estrous cycle. The responses of postpartum and ovariectomized rats to morphine was attenuated. The test doses of estradiol-17 beta or progesterone, either alone or in combination, did not alter this attenuated morphine sensitivity. Testosterone, however, sensitized post-partum as well as ovariectomized rats to morphine. Unlike progesterone, 17-alpha-hydroxy progesterone antagonized testosterone. Collectively these data implicate ovarian testosterone as a physiological modulator of actions of morphine in female rats. PMID- 6687121 TI - Muscle mass of intrauterine growth retarded babies in first nine months of life. PMID- 6687122 TI - Quantitative aspects of IgD and secretory immunoglobulins in middle ear effusions. AB - Levels of the true secretory immunoglobulins, secretory IgA (SIgA) and secretory IgM (SIgM) were determined in middle ear effusions (MEEs) from children with secretory otitis media (SOM) and correlated to the MEE levels of IgD. Double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used for the quantitative determinations. The levels of SIgM were expressed arbitrarily in units using a nasopharyngeal secretion pool as a standard. The quantitative data substantiated a local synthesis of IgD to the middle ear cavity. In 8/45 MEEs more than 600 mg/l of IgD could be calculated and between 70% and 98% could be considered to be locally produced. A statistically significant correlation was observed between SIgA and SIgM. The results are discussed in the context of the possibility that IgD plasma cells located in the middle ear cavity may primarily originate from the nasopharyngeal tonsils. PMID- 6687123 TI - The nasopharynx and serous otitis. A new technique for examination and photodocumentation. AB - The flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscope provides a one-instrument means of examining and of photodocumenting the tympanic membrane and the nasopharynx. No special knowledge of photography is required and the equipment is relatively inexpensive. No sedation, no topical anesthesia, and no palatal retraction devices are used. This allows the function of the velum and the tubal orifices to be studied in their natural state. Color transparencies of high quality may be made consistently. PMID- 6687124 TI - [Mode of splitting of the second heart sound in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. AB - Mode of the splitting of the second heart sound ( IIs ) and left ventricular systolic time intervals (STIs) in patients (pts) with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were compared with those in hypertension (HT) with the global hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall. Forty-seven pts with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [non obstructive type (HCM, 30 pts), obstructive type (HOCM, 17 pts)] and 21 pts with HT were studied. The pts with HCM were classified as septal hypertrophic type (19 pts) and apical hypertrophic type (11 pts) on the basis of the echocardiographic findings. The pts with HOCM were classified as resting type (13 pts) and latent type (provoked by amyl nitrite: 4 pts) on the basis of the obstructive sign at rest. Mode of the splitting of the IIs : a) The pts with HCM showed a wide splitting of the IIs . The mean split interval during held expiration (IIA-IIP) was 41.0 +/- 9.9 msec. Twenty pts (67%) showed abnormal respiratory splitting. The mean IIA-IIP interval in septal hypertrophic type (45.3 +/- 9.0 msec) was significantly wider than that in apical hypertrophic type (33.6 +/- 6.7 msec) (p less than 0.05). There was a positive correlation between IIA-IIP interval and the thickness of the upper portion of the interventricular septum (r = 0.63). b) Nine out of 13 pts with resting type of HOCM showed a paradoxical (reversed) splitting with a mean IIA-IIP interval of -23.8 +/- 24.4 msec. On the other hand, pts with latent type showed a wide splitting similar to HCM with a mean IIA-IIP interval of 35.0 +/- 7.1 msec. c) The pts with HT showed a single IIs or physiological splitting. The mean IIA-IIP interval was 14.5 +/- 9.3 msec, which was significantly decreased than that of normals or the pts with HCM (p less than 0.01). Left ventricular systolic time intervals: a) The pts with an either type of HCM showed a short corrected left ventricular electromechanical systole [(Q IIA)c] due to the shortening of the corrected left ventricular ejection time (LVETc). b) The pts with resting type of HOCM showed a long (Q-IIA)c due to the prolongation of LVETc, but latent type showed the same change as in HCM. c) The pts with HT showed a tendency of prolongation of (Q-IIA)c due to slightly short LVETc and long corrected pre-ejection period (PEPc). Fractional shortening of the left ventricle (%FS) and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean VCF) calculated from echocardiograms were significantly greater in both types of HCM than those in normals and HT (p less than 0.05). Left ventricular end diastolic dimension was significantly decreased in the pts with septal hypertrophic type of HCM than in others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6687125 TI - [Exercise echocardiography in different types of hypertension classified by left ventricular geometry; comparison with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. AB - We investigated left ventricular (LV) function in 40 patients (pts) with hypertension (HT), 16 pts with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 3 pts with ASH and HT and in 27 control subjects by M-mode echocardiography using supine exercise (50 watts, 3 minutes). The hypertensive subjects were echocardiographically divided into three subsets; the normal LV (17 cases), the hypertrophied LV (17 cases) and the dilated LV (6 cases). Similarly, pts with HCM were echocardiographically and cineangiographically divided into three subsets; ASH (asymmetric septal hypertrophy, 6 cases), APH (predominant apical hypertrophy, 6 cases) and DFH (diffuse left ventricular hypertrophy, 4 cases). Changes of left ventricular dimension Controls and HT: Stroke volume was increased during exercise in the controls, normal LV and hypertrophied LV groups by decreasing LV end-systolic dimension ( LVDs ), but it was increased in dilated LV group by increasing LV end-diastolic dimension ( LVDd ) (Frank-Starling mechanism). LVDd was increased transiently in the controls and normal LV group during recovery, but its grade and duration were more pronounced in the latter. LVDd did not change significantly in hypertrophied and the dilated LV groups. HCM: LVDd and LVDs did not change significantly during exercise in all 3 groups. LVDd was increased transiently during recovery in ASH group, but not in the other groups. Changes of peak velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF) and the ratio of peak systolic blood pressure to LV end-systolic volume (PSP/ LVVs ). Controls and HT: Peak VCF was increased during exercise most markedly in the normal LV group, but it was not increased in the dilated LV group. PSP/ LVVs was increased significantly during exercise in the controls, the normal and hypertrophied LV groups, but not in the dilated LV group. HCM: Peak VCF showed a significant increase during exercise in ASH group, but not in the other two groups. Changes of the D/S ratio. The ratio of systolic to diastolic velocity of the LV posterior wall was expressed as a D/S. This ratio did not change significantly in the controls, HT and APH groups, but it was decreased significantly in ASH and DFH groups. LV end-systolic wall stress and LVDs relationship ( ESWst - LVDs ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6687126 TI - [Case of cisplatin induced acute renal failure]. PMID- 6687127 TI - The organization of actin filaments in the brush border of yolk sac epithelial cells. AB - The yolk sac epithelium offers a potentially interesting cell type in which to examine brush border cytoskeletal organization because it functions not only in absorption across the microvillous membrane, but also has numerous coated pits at the bases of the microvilli which function in endocytosis. In this study we have examined the organization of actin filaments in the brush border of yolk sac endodermal cells using myosin S1 subfragment decoration. Microvilli contained bundles of actin filaments polarized such that the arrowheads pointed away from the microvillar tips. The bundles continued into the apical cytoplasm as short rootlets that intermingled with a poorly developed layer of other filaments, some of which were actin, running parallel to the apical cell surface (i.e., in the terminal web region). Decorated microfilaments were sometimes associated with coated pits and vesicles, but it was difficult to distinguish direct membrane filament interaction from coincidental associations brought about by close proximity of coated vesicles to actin filaments emerging from the microvilli. A prominent peripheral band of microfilaments of mixed polarity was present at the level of the zonula adherens. This band of filaments may act as a contractile ring. Tension of the contractile ring, together with a poorly developed terminal web, may produce the domeshaped apical surface characteristic of these cells. PMID- 6687128 TI - [Studies of the xenotransplantation of human urogenital carcinomas into nude mice. (2). Establishment of transplantable tumors and evaluation of anticancer drugs]. PMID- 6687129 TI - Effects of fructose, glucose, and mixed sugars on ethanol detoxification and blood glucose response in rats. AB - Rats were starved for 15 h before being given 3.0 g/kg of either fructose, glucose or mixed sugars (mainly fructose and glucose) followed 15 min later by 2.0 g/kg ethanol. Control rats were pretreated with 0.9% w/v NaCl. In one series of tests the sugars and the ethanol were given by stomach tube (p.o.) and in another series they were given by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Administration of sugars p.o. impaired absorption of ethanol and led to lower peak blood concentrations: fructose (0.88 mg/ml), glucose (1.21 mg/ml) mixture (1.10 mg/ml) and saline control (1.57 mg/ml). The time to zero blood-ethanol concentrations was shortened after giving the sugars: fructose (339 min), glucose (350 min), mixture (341 min), saline (386 min). Intraperitoneal injection of sugars had no marked effect on i.p. absorption of ethanol or on peak blood concentrations reached, but the time to zero blood ethanol was shortened: fructose (336 min), glucose (361 min), mixture (347 min), and saline (389 min). The blood glucose peak response was highest after pure glucose treatment although after fructose the elevated level was sustained for longer. Ethanol caused a hypoglycemic response in rats given the saline control pretreatment. Fructose p.o. proved the most effective of the sugars in antagonizing blood-ethanol profiles. This resulted from a combined effect of delaying the absorption of ethanol from the gut and accelerating its removal from the blood. PMID- 6687130 TI - Hypersensitivity to the tremorogenic action of nicotine in rats withdrawn from ethanol. AB - The tremorogenic effect of nicotine was studied in control rats and in rats withdrawn for 16-48 h from chronic ethanol administration. The intensity of tremor was measured electronically. Rats withdrawn from ethanol showed a marked hypersensitivity to the tremorogenic action of nicotine. Propranolol abolished the nicotine-induced tremor in the control rats. Propranolol did not, however, reduce the intensity of nicotine-induced tremor in rats withdrawn from ethanol. Thus, the observed hypersensitivity does not seem to be mediated by a sympathetic beta-adrenergic mechanism. PMID- 6687131 TI - [The experimental study of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute portal vein occlusion]. AB - Influence of acute portal vein occlusion on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis have not been fully clarified. In this experimental study in mongrel dogs, 1) changes of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in portal vein and peripheral vein, 2) histological changes in small intestine and 3) activity of plasminogen activator in small intestine were investigated periodically after acute portal vein ligation with or without heparinized hydrophilic catheter-bypass between portal and femoral vein. All five dogs died 81-130 minutes (mean 105 minutes) after portal vein ligation. On the other hand, all five bypassed dogs survived in good condition for more than four hours. Acute portal venous congestion caused hypercoagulable state in portal system and apparent DIC occurred in portal system 10 minutes after portal vein ligation. Activity of tissue plasminogen activator which was observed mostly in the endothelial cells of vessels in submucosal layers of small intestine decreased rapidly and disappeared within 20 minutes after portal vein ligation. To the contrary, with the use of the catheter-bypass procedure, no significant changes of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis were observed. These results indicate clearly that portal venous congestion is the trigger of hypercoagulable state in portal system, which progresses to irreversible DIC in 20 minutes. With the use of the catheter-bypass procedure, portal vein shut-down is performed without any abnormal coagulation and fibrinolysis in portal bed and systemic circulation. PMID- 6687132 TI - The female rat's sleep during oestrous cycle. AB - The sleep-waking pattern of the isolated female rat showed a clear ultra-, circa- and infradian vigilance rhythm. The ultradian period was about 4-6 h. During the day, the amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) decreased and that of paradoxical sleep (PS) increased. In general, desynchronisation of the EEG increased during the day. The circadian period was determined by the light-dark cycle. Although the rats slept mainly during their inactive light phase, there was a considerable amount of sleep at night. The infradian period was determined by the individual length of the oestrous cycle. During the oestrous night more motor activity and less sleep was seen. During the following day a strong rebound of waking, SWS and PS occurred, but not of the 'connecting' sleep phases dozing and PS spindles. During the oestrous night the strong stimulation of the rat masked the ultradian rhythm. All oestrous effects disappeared in castrated female rats, which, compared to intact rats, showed more dozing during the night and the day as well as more PS during the hours of darkness. PMID- 6687133 TI - [Annual study of the bacterial pollution of mineral waters produced in industry as related to work cycles]. PMID- 6687134 TI - [Carcinogenic chlororganic substances in chlorinated drinking water]. PMID- 6687135 TI - [Radiological examination in the diagnosis of expansive hepatic formations]. PMID- 6687136 TI - [Etiological diagnosis of hemorrhage caused by coagulation disorders in obstetrics]. PMID- 6687138 TI - [The exercise test in cardiomyopathy]. AB - The exercise test in 30 patients with hypertrophic (HCM) and 29 patients with dilatative cardiomoyopathy (DCM) showed a positive test with significant ST depression in half of each group. In 12 out of 30 patients with HCM and 7 out of 29 patients with DCM, exercise testing caused angina. Rhythm disturbances surprisingly did not occur in HCM but where unexpectedly frequent in DCM: in 4 cases exercise testing provoked frequent supraventricular premature beats, in 3 patients paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and in 11 patients ventricular ectopic beats (Lown class II-IVb). Nine patients exhibited an exacerbation by at least one Lown class as compared with the electrocardiogram at rest. In patients with atypical angina pectoris and a pathological exercise test the possibility of cardiomyopathy - apart from coronary artery disease - should be increasingly considered. With provocation of arrhythmias the possibility of DCM should especially be borne in mind. PMID- 6687137 TI - [Pharmacological aspects of water-soluble derivatives of theophylline]. PMID- 6687139 TI - [Determination of avicularin in Polygonum aviculare L]. PMID- 6687140 TI - Activation of lipid peroxidation: a mechanism triggering the autoimmune response. AB - Emotional-pain stress leads to accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in rat brain tissues and to an increase in the number of antibrain antibodies against water-soluble and membrane-bound antigens in rat blood. An injection of the free radical scavenger, 4-methyl-2.6-di-tert-butylphenol to experimental animals eliminates the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products "in vivo" and completely prevents the appearance of antibrain antibodies. The activation of lipid peroxidation under stress may be regarded as a possible cause of the brain specific antibodies release into the blood flow. PMID- 6687141 TI - Diurnal changes in certain immunity indices and plasma corticosterone concentration in white Leghorn chickens. AB - The experiment was performed on 3 groups of White Leghorn chickens kept under L : D = 6 : 18, 12 : 12 and 18 : 6 photoperiods, respectively. One half of each group was immunized twice with SRBC. Non-immunized birds served as controls. It was found that diurnal variations in lymphocyte and granulocyte number, serum lysozyme activity, agglutinins anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and anti-rabbit red blood cells (RRBC) titer and plasma corticosterone concentration depended on light conditions. Immunization affected diurnal changes in different degree, depending also on the photoperiod applied. Various interrelationships between the diurnal changes in plasma corticosterone level and those in immune parameters were found. A distinct negative correlation between plasma corticosterone concentration and lymphocyte number was seen in L : D = 12 : 12 in the non immunized group only. PMID- 6687142 TI - [A case of female hypospadias]. AB - A 20-year-old female with hypospadias was admitted to our clinic with the complaint of incontinence since her birth. The urethral orifice opened widely at the proximal roof of the vagina and the vesical mucosa was visible through the orifice by colposcopy. Although no anomaly was noticed in the upper urinary tract, there were complications of other congenital anomalies such as vaginal septum, bicolibicornus and ventricular septal defect. Urethroplasty according to Teller 's method gave improvement of the symptoms. PMID- 6687143 TI - [Studies of dietary influence on urinary oxalate in calcium oxalate stone formers]. AB - In order to examine the effect of diet on the urinary excretion of oxalate, a spinach loading and milk loading experiment was performed in normal subjects and patients with single calcium oxalate stones and recurrent calcium oxalate stones after a rat experiment. When spinach (100 g, total oxalate 642.57 mg, insoluble oxalate 282.21 mg, taken oxalate 444.57 mg) was given with a low calcium diet to the patients, the increase of urinary oxalate was more prominent in those with recurrent stones; the mean urinary oxalate increased from 39.84 to 84.18 mg/day (P less than 0.01) in the group with recurrent stones, from 36.95 to 55.12 mg/day (P less than 0.05) in the group with single stones and from 33.99 to 42.78 mg/day in the control group. These increases in oxalate excretion could be ameliorated by the concurrent oral administration of milk (calcium 343 mg). Moreover, diurnal variation in oxalate excretion was observed. It was more evident under spinach load in the group with recurrent stones than in the control group. Urinary oxalate increased promptly, reaching peak levels between 4 and 6 hours after loading in the group with recurrent stones and single stones, and between 2 and 4 hours in the control group. The influence of the spinach load disappeared within 24 hours. PMID- 6687144 TI - [A new device for voiding cystourethrography: a VCU pot]. AB - On voiding cystourethrography ( VCU ) not a few patients embarrass the examiner as they can not void on an X-ray table from shame. To allow the patient to void without such embarrassment, we developed a new type of urinary pot named the " VCU pot", which is a gourd -shaped pot made of a vinyl chloride plate. VCU pot is put between the patient's thighs and suspended with a pair of strings from the shoulder. VCU film is taken at a standing or squatting position. The examiner can change the patient's position without any help and the patient is able to void without shame, since the VCU pot is hidden under the patient's gown. The VCU pot is very convenient and it can be made at a low cost. PMID- 6687145 TI - [A review of the cases of testicular tumors reported in the Annual of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan]. AB - A review was made on 1,437 cases of testicular malignancies reported in the Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan between 1967 and 1976. They were 417 cases of germinal testicular cancer and 1,027 cases of secondary tumors, the ratio between the two being 1:2.46. The primary disease of 966 cases of secondary tumors was known: It was leukemia in 541 cases (56%), cancer in 188 cases (19.4%) and lymphosarcoma in 184 cases (19.0%), in decreasing order of frequency. The histological classification of the 410 germinal cell carcinoma given clear description was type I, II, III, IV and V according to Dixon and Moore's classification in 34.4%, 38.5%, 3.7%, 10.2% and 13.2%, respectively. There were 369 cases consisting of only one histological type, which was seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, teratocarcinoma and choriocarcinoma in 38.2%, 39.0%, 3.8% 10.0% and 9.0% of these cases, respectively. The pattern of metastasis was analyzed for these 369 cases. There was no significant difference in the pattern of lymph node metastasis between the 5 groups, but there was a slight difference between seminoma and embryonal carcinoma. There was a significant difference in the pattern of distant metastasis between the 5 groups and between choriocarcinoma and seminoma, choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma, and, choriocarcinoma and teratocarcinoma. It is questionable whether the findings at autopsy directly relate to prognosis, but considering from the pattern of metastasis at autopsy, the adult germinal cell testicular tumors can be divided into the three groups: seminoma, choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma + teratocarcinoma + teratoma. PMID- 6687146 TI - [A case of malignant lymphoma with the chief complaint of right intrascrotal tumor]. AB - A 65-year-old male visited the Sawara Hospital with the chief complaint of right intrascrotal mass. The mass without tenderness, in which right testis and spermatic cord appeared to be involved, reached the right inguinal region. Right high orchiectomy was performed under the diagnosis of a testicular tumor. Histological diagnosis was malignant lymphoma. Intravenous pyelogram revealed right hydronephrosis and 67Ga-scintigram showed an abnormal accumulation of radioisotopes in the pelvic and paraaortic region. Chemotherapy with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, 6-mercaptopurine and prednisolone was performed under the diagnosis of stage IV lymphoma. Two months after chemotherapy, right hydronephrosis disappeared and no abnormal accumulation in 67Ga-scintigram was found. He has been doing well three months after treatment. PMID- 6687147 TI - [Experience with transabdominal and scrotal ultrasonographic examination in urology]. AB - To evaluate its diagnostic availability in urology, transabdominal and scrotal ultrasonographic examination was made on 87 patients who had been admitted to our hospital for space occupying lesions. In retroperitoneal lesions, adrenal tumors and renal tumors greater than 2.5 cm could be detected by this examination. In pelvic lesions, bladder tumors greater than 0.5 cm were demonstrated and prostatic carcinoma with heterogeneous echotexture and irregular margin was discriminated from BPH. Not only could fluid-filled scrotal lesions larger than 1.0 cm be distinguished from solid mass lesions, but the intrascrotal anatomy could also be demonstrated in detail. Because of its safety, flexibility, and accuracy in detecting space occupying lesions, this examination could be a useful screening test in urology. Representative cases we experienced are presented. PMID- 6687148 TI - [Proliferating diabetic retinopathy and panretinal photocoagulation]. PMID- 6687149 TI - Neurobehavioral effects of lead and cadmium. PMID- 6687150 TI - Growth and oxygen requirements of antibody producing mouse hybridoma cells in suspension culture. AB - Mouse hybridoma cells producing a monoclonal antibody to anti-B blood group antigen have been grown in airlift fermenters up to 30 litres capacity. As a prerequisite for scaling the process up, the oxygen utilization rate of the cells has been established by a dynamic method using an oxygen electrode. The data is compared with that obtained from a chemostat under oxygen limited steady state conditions. PMID- 6687153 TI - Sexual orientation, sociobiology, and evolution. AB - Sociobiologists have proposed evolutionary explanations of homosexuality. Such hypotheses assume that the homosexual orientation is a distinct, reifiable trait, rather than an expression of universal sexual and emotional drives. For homosexuality to constitute an evolved trait, it must have a genetic basis. However, there is no reliable evidence that homosexual and heterosexual orientations are caused by genetic differences. On these and other grounds, we find sociobiological explanations of homosexuality to be implausible and unsupported by evidence. Evolutionary theory provides no guide to morality or ethical progress, nor for appropriate social attitudes toward homosexuality. PMID- 6687151 TI - [Results of argon laser treatment of 100 eyes with open-angle glaucoma (trabeculoplasty, trabeculoretraction)]. AB - One hundred phakic eyes of 76 patients with primary open angle glaucoma received argon laser therapy to the trabecular meshwork, a method, based on the works of James Wise, which we prefer to call trabecular retraction for two reasons: 1) the mechanical factor of trabecular tightening caused by the laser microscars and 2) to differentiate it from initial argon laser treatment in primary open angle glaucoma: trabeculopuncture. Argon laser trabecular retraction involves application to the entire pigmentary trabecular ring, just anterior to the scleral spur, of 100 evenly spaced non-penetrating burns, using a 50 microM. beam diameter with a pulse duration of 0,1 sec, and a power level adjusted to produce a minimum visible trabecular reaction. Laser treatment was performed on an out patient basis using a three mirror Goldmann lens after topical anesthesia. Pre laser anti-glaucoma medical treatment was continued unchanged during the follow up period of this study, to assess accurately the effect of the laser treatment on intraocular pressure (IOP) without introducing the variable of changing medications. Treatment was applied to eyes with uncontrolled glaucoma on maximum tolerable medical therapy and, as such, candidates for surgery, eyes of patients unable to tolerate side effects of effective intensive medical therapy, and eyes with controlled open angle glaucoma to permit reduction of medical therapy. Mean pressure drop in the 100 eyes was 8,9 mmHg, the reduction of IOP being achieved between 3 and 6 weeks after the laser procedure. Surgery for glaucoma was avoided in 93% of the eyes. Pressure drop in 75% of treated eyes was between 4 and 11 mmHg, in 16% was 12 mmHg or more, and in 9% was 3 mmHg or less. Follow-up was for at least three months and in some cases extended to 15 months. These results and data from published reports suggest that the pressure drop obtained three months post-laser could be considered definitive, except in a very small percentage of eyes. Average intraocular pressure reduction in patients under 60 years was 8,3 mmHg and 88% of the eyes had a drop in IOP of 4 mmHg or more. In patients over 60 years, average intraocular pressure reduction was 9,3 mmHg and 93% of the eyes had a drop in IOP of 4 mmHg or more. The major complication in eyes with marked glaucomatous damage to their optic nerves is a possible rise in intraocular pressure following treatment. This post-laser increase in IOP was noted in 19 eyes but resolved either spontaneously or easily with medication. No visual field loss was observed in these eyes. Localized peripheral anterior synechiae were noted in 42 eyes, but these did not affect the success of the procedure.4 PMID- 6687152 TI - [Primary glaucoma and the laser]. AB - The use of the laser for treatment of different forms of primary glaucoma is proposed. In closed-angle glaucoma its use is limited to those cases where a large part of the angle is capable of ensuring drainage of aqueous humor. Pupilloplasty could be an alternative to iridotomy for relieving pupillary blockage. Peripheral circular gonioplasty can enlarge the angle. Finally, the laser can reduce ciliovitreolenticular blockage in malignant glaucoma. In patients with open-angle glaucoma, trabeculoplasty should be performed in the interval between medical and surgical treatments. Initial results appear promising but further study is necessary to evaluate the value of this type of therapy. PMID- 6687154 TI - [A case of mixed gonadal dysgenesis with gonadoblastoma]. PMID- 6687155 TI - Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the orbit presenting as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. A clinicopathologic case report with review of the literature. AB - The clinical diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome was first considered in a 66-year old man with facial pain and diplopia. A complete neuroradiologic evaluation as well as an oncologic work-up yielded normal results. Several courses of oral prednisone provided no significant benefit. Within a year the patient became clinically worse and a CT scan disclosed an abnormal area of enhancement at the left orbital apex. An orbital exploration was performed elsewhere and a histologic diagnosis of myositis was obtained. Because of further worsening the patient was re-evaluated 3 months later and a CT scan showed a mass in the left orbital apex and superior orbital fissure. A second orbital exploration was performed and a sausage-shaped mass encompassing the optic nerve was excised. By light microscopy a poorly differentiated malignant tumor was infiltrating the orbital tissues with areas of intra- and perineural invasion. The tumor cells were arranged in strands and tubules with a definite tendency to form lumens that often contained red blood cells. Electron microscopic studies disclosed features consistent with a neoplasm of endothelial cell origin displaying a polarized basal lamina and rare micropinocytotic vesicles on the luminal side. The presence of multiple, slender microvilli and sometimes tonofilaments as well as desmosomes were interpreted as epithelioid metaplasia of an angiosarcoma. PMID- 6687156 TI - Ocular inflammatory pseudotumor associated with propranolol therapy. AB - A 60-year-old man presented with a unilateral mass involving the iris and ciliary body associated with iridocyclitis, which was refractive to both topical and systemic corticosteroid therapy. After a systemic work-up was negative, anterior chamber paracentesis and transcorneal biopsy were performed to rule out malignant melanoma and other tumors. The lesion proved to be an inflammatory lymphoid process, which resolved when systemic propranolol administration was withdrawn. Evidence for the possible role of propranolol in the induction of an intraocular inflammatory pseudotumor is presented. PMID- 6687157 TI - The effect of glutathione on 6-mercaptopurine pharmacokinetics in rabbits. AB - Plasma concentration of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) after iv administration of the drug is proportional to the dose in the range from 25 to 100 mg/kg, and the course of the time curve corresponds with a three-compartment open model. Glutathione (GSH) depresses the 6-MP level in plasma; a dose of 10 mg/kg of GSH elevates the concentration in shallow peripheral compartment and prolongs t0.5. A dose of 20 mg/kg depresses the 6-MP concentration in all compartments. The results indicate that 6-MP distribution in the body may be changed by GSH . PMID- 6687158 TI - The influence of amphetamine and nomifensine on the development of morphine tolerance in the test of hypermotility in mice and catalepsy in rats. AB - The influence of drugs, which alter the brain catecholaminergic functions, on the development of morphine tolerance was studied. The experiments were carried out on mice in locomotor activity test, and on rats in catalepsy test. Tolerance to morphine was induced by subcutaneous implantation of morphine-base (37.5 mg) pellets. Amphetamine insignificantly diminished the development of tolerance to cataleptogenic effects of morphine in rats but markedly inhibited the development of tolerance to morphine-induced hyperactivity in mice. The latter action of amphetamine was blocked by pimozide. Administration of nomifensine induced the inhibition of the development of morphine tolerance in both tests. Pimozide also abolished this antagonistic action of nomifensine in locomotor activity test in mice. The obtained results have shown that intensification of dopaminergic neurotransmission induced the diminution of the development of tolerance to morphine. PMID- 6687159 TI - [Neurosecretion in narcolepsy and its diurnal rhythm]. PMID- 6687160 TI - [Essential thrombocythemia: clinical and laboratory study of 6 cases]. PMID- 6687161 TI - [Metastatic pulmonary choriocarcinoma (endoarterial). Report of a case]. PMID- 6687163 TI - [Long-term survival in myocardial infarct. Analysis of the post-infarct course in relation to the clinical aspects of the acute phase]. PMID- 6687164 TI - [Water-salt regulation in young subjects with essential hypertension and in hypertensives with angiosclerosis]. PMID- 6687162 TI - [Determination of the maximum feasible proportion in the substitution of meat substances by protein isolates in combined meat products]. AB - The author discusses the experimental data obtained during studies on male Wistar rats on the biological value of combined meat products (20 samples) including soybean protein isolate, sodium caseinate, and blood plasma proteins. The replacement proportions were 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100%. A definite dependence was ascertained between the biological value of total proteins in combined meat products and the replacement proportions. The replacement of meat proteins by soybean protein isolate (not over 25%), by sodium caseinate (by 50%) and by blood plasma proteins (not over 25%) and by a mixture containing 3 proteins (soybean, lactic, plasma) did not reduce the biological value of these combined meat products as compared to control. PMID- 6687165 TI - [Efficacy of chronic treatment with verapamil of patients with spontaneous angina]. PMID- 6687166 TI - [Results of 7 years' experience in long-term endocardial cardiac electrostimulation in the newborn and in infants]. PMID- 6687167 TI - [Sensitivity of vectorcardiography in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6687168 TI - [Home versus office measurements of blood pressure in the prediction of cardiovascular damage in essential hypertension]. PMID- 6687169 TI - [Acute myocardial infarct in the aged]. PMID- 6687170 TI - [Influence of the sympathetic nervous system on hemodynamics and cardiac function in patients with essential hypertension]. PMID- 6687171 TI - [Hemorheological changes induced by cigarette smoke in smokers and nonsmokers]. PMID- 6687172 TI - [Familial incidence and modes of inheritance of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Genetic analysis of several families]. PMID- 6687173 TI - [Dynamic electrocardiography in pediatric cardiology (apropos of 560 recordings)]. PMID- 6687176 TI - [Value of bidimensional echocardiography (2DE) for the early identification of true post-infarct aneurysm of the left ventricle]. PMID- 6687174 TI - [Disappearance of a left intraventricular thrombus documented by bidimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 6687175 TI - [Cardiovascular manifestations in a group of patients with lupus glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6687177 TI - [Platelet function and erythrocyte changes in coronary disease patients]. PMID- 6687179 TI - [Evaluation of hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters at rest and during exercise in patients with pure aortic insufficiency]. PMID- 6687178 TI - [Amiodarone in the acute treatment of hyperkinetic arrhythmias in cardiosurgery]. PMID- 6687180 TI - [Stereoisomers of sulpiride and dopamine: interaction on kidney function in humans]. PMID- 6687181 TI - [Cardiac function in hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 6687182 TI - [Detection of asymptomatic transitory myocardial ischemia: usefulness of dynamic electrocardiography]. PMID- 6687183 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic significance of the association of non-invasive methods in the evaluation of the outcome of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6687184 TI - [Relation between ventricular arrhythmias and left ventricular function in ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 6687185 TI - [Response to maximal exertion in patients with complete atrioventricular block]. PMID- 6687186 TI - [Anterior systolic movement of the mitral valve in left branch block]. PMID- 6687187 TI - [Response to maximal exertion in subjects with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 6687188 TI - [Evaluation by the Minnesota Code of the electrocardiographic changes in patients over 70]. PMID- 6687189 TI - [Transmyocardial stimulation in the treatment of cardiac arrest]. PMID- 6687190 TI - [The retinal periphery in the diabetic]. PMID- 6687191 TI - [Ocular onchocerciasis]. PMID- 6687192 TI - Giant choriocarcinoma of the lung. PMID- 6687193 TI - [Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic assessment of diastolic left ventricular hemodynamics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: relationship between the mode of left ventricular filling and the distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy]. AB - In order to clarify left ventricular relaxation and filling in different types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), velocity patterns of blood flow at the inflow tract of the left ventricle (LV) were recorded by pulsed Doppler echocardiography and compared with those of normal subjects (26 cases). Forty-one patients with HCM were classified into the following 4 groups according to the distribution of LV hypertrophy and the evidence of cavity obstruction of the LV; with asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH: 15 patients), apical hypertrophy (APH: 10), diffuse hypertrophy ( DIH : five) and obstruction of the LV cavity (HOCM: 11). The HOCM group consisted of five cases of ASH type and six of APH or DIH type. Acceleration time (AT), deceleration time (DT) and the A/D ratio were measured on the pulsed Doppler echocardiogram. The M-mode echogram of the LV was recorded and subsequently digitized to obtain peak LV filling rate. The results were as follows: AT was significantly prolonged in 4 groups of HCM compared with that of the normal subjects. But there was no significant difference in AT among various HCM groups. DT was markedly prolonged in 4 groups of HCM compared with that of the normal subjects, but DT was significantly shortened in the ASH group compared with that of the APH or HOCM group. DT of the HOCM group was divided into the following 2 types according to the duration; normal or slightly prolonged DT (three cases) and markedly prolonged DT (eight). The former group belonged to the ASH type of LV hypertrophy in all cases, and two of them showed a third heart sound. An apical diastolic murmur was recorded in four patients of the ASH group, and six of the HOCM (five cases with ASH type and one with APH type). The A/D ratio was significantly increased in 4 groups of HCM compared with that of the normal subjects. But there was no significant difference among HCM groups. Diastolic descent rate (DDR) of the mitral valve echogram was significantly reduced in 4 groups of HCM compared with that of the normal subjects, particularly in the ASH and HOCM groups. DDR was roughly correlated with DT in the HCM group (r = -0.40, p less than 0.02). Peak LV filling rate was markedly decreased in the ASH, APH and HOCM groups compared with that of the normal subjects. There was a significant negative correlation between peak LV filling rate and DT (r = -0.49, p less than 0.01). In conclusion, the mode of LV filling in HCM showed various patterns according to the location of ventricular hypertrophy and the presence of cavity obstruction of the LV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6687194 TI - Weekly Cisplatin during cranial irradiation for malignant melanoma metastatic to brain. AB - Because Cisplatin potentiates the effect of radiotherapy in animal tumor systems and because Cisplatin is capable of causing regressions of human malignant melanomas, a study was initiated in patients with malignant melanoma metastatic to brain to investigate the feasibility of administering Cisplatin once a week during cranial irradiation. Cisplatin 40 mg/m2/week (three doses) was given I.V. to 18 patients during whole brain irradiation, 3 000 rads in 12 fractions over 21/2 weeks. Eleven patients also received Cisplatin 120 mg/m2 every three weeks, starting three weeks after cranial irradiation. Median survival was ten weeks, and only one of 13 patients whose brain metastases had not been resected experienced neurological and CT scan improvement. Thirteen patients have died, and brain metastases were a major cause. No regression of extracerebral tumor was seen in 15 patients with evaluable extracerebral lesions. During weekly low-dose Cisplatin administration, nausea and vomiting were moderate to severe. No granulocytopenia was noted, although three courses were associated with mild thrombocytopenia. Mucositis, peri orbital swelling, vertigo, and headache were each noted in two of 51 courses of treatment and seizures, ototoxicity, pancreatitis, and hiccups were each noted in one course. Renal toxicity and ototoxicity each developed in three of the 11 patients receiving Cisplatin 120 mg/m2, and nausea and vomiting were severe. PMID- 6687195 TI - Proliferation of Pasteurella pneumotropica at oestrus in the vagina of rats. AB - Using a colony of Wistar-Imamichi rats contaminated with P. pneumotropica, the vaginal microflora was qualitatively and quantitatively investigated by swabbing. P. pneumotropica was the most dominant organism in the majority of rats examined. The population of P. pneumotropica and indigenous bacteria increased significantly higher at oestrus than in other oestrous stages. By the vaginal flushing technique changes in the population of P. pneumotropica and total bacteria, and changes in vaginal cell type and bacterial counts adhering to vaginal epithelial cells were consecutively investigated. The populations of P. pneumotropica and total bacteria were maximal at oestrus. The increase was correlated with an increase in cornified non-nucleated cells, with large numbers of adherent Gram-negative coccobacilli. The findings indicate that the vagina is a suitable site for colonization by P. pneumotropica in adult female rats, and that proliferation of P. pneumotropica may be due to increased affinity of the organism for cornified non-nucleated cells. PMID- 6687196 TI - Diabetic maculopathy. AB - This paper discusses a special group of diabetics (maturity onset) who present with a particular form of retinopathy. The pathology is restricted to the macular zone with minimal other retinopathic complications such as detachment, proliferans, or neovascularization. One hundred of these patients with circinate rings of perimacular exudate with edema have characterized and compared to a similar number of patients with diabetic retinopathy without circinate exudates. The statistically significant differences in age of onset, duration of the disease, and associated ocular findings are defined. Photocoagulation therapy has resulted in a satisfying response in a large number of patients, as well as in the control series where the contralateral eye with the same pattern of disease is untreated. It is concluded that this study group represents an identifiable segment of our diabetic retinopathy population which is highly amenable to successful photocoagulation therapy. PMID- 6687198 TI - [Drug dependence in the context of malingering]. PMID- 6687197 TI - Azthreonam: in vitro activity. PMID- 6687199 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in infants less than 4 months of age]. PMID- 6687200 TI - [Neonatal hepatitis due to rubella virus]. PMID- 6687203 TI - [Variability of arterial pressure in adolescence]. PMID- 6687202 TI - [M-mode echocardiogram in adolescents genetically predisposed to develop hypertension]. PMID- 6687201 TI - [High dosage haloperidol reduces cataleptic response with increased noradrenaline metabolism in the rat brain areas]. AB - The neurochemical background of clinical experiences that the patients receiving high dosage haloperidol showed no extrapyramidal side effects was investigated by using rats. Haloperidol at doses of 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg, ip caused a dose dependent decrease in the duration of catalepsy. Haloperidol at a dose of 10 mg/kg induced catalepsy lasting only 20% of that by 1 mg/kg. Haloperidol decreased noradrenaline content in the frontal cortex and thalamus in a dose dependent manner while 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol content showed a dose dependent increase in the same brain areas. Thus, there is an inverse relationship between the duration of catalepsy and the ratio of 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylglycol to noradrenaline in the frontal cortex or thalamus. In contrast, haloperidol caused a dose-dependent decrease in homovanillic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid content in the striatum and mesolimbic area. These results indicate that noradrenergic hyperfunction in the frontal cortex or thalamus induced by high dosage haloperidol may reduce cataleptogenic effect of the drug via indirect stimulation of dopaminoceptive neuron in the striatum or mesolimbic area. PMID- 6687204 TI - [Circadian aspects of heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation: comparative influence of digoxin and pentaformylgitoxin]. PMID- 6687205 TI - [Clonidine in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies]. PMID- 6687206 TI - [Correlations between cigarette smoking and other risk factors in coronary disease]. PMID- 6687208 TI - [Diagnosis of sinoatrial dysfunction by means of electrocardiographic dynamics]. PMID- 6687207 TI - [Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia. Description of 2 cases]. PMID- 6687209 TI - [Effects of the administration of buflomedil-hydrochloride on the arterial circulation of the legs in patients with obliterative arteriopathies]. PMID- 6687210 TI - [Acute experimental hypertension caused by chemical stimulation of muscular receptors]. PMID- 6687211 TI - [Incidence and mechanisms of syncope symptomatology in Prinzmetal's angina]. PMID- 6687212 TI - [Dyslipoproteinemia and vascular injury]. PMID- 6687213 TI - [Ventricular parasystole with duplicated level of exit block]. PMID- 6687214 TI - Attitudes and opinions of donors on an artificial insemination by donor (AID) programme. AB - The attitudes and opinions of AID donors have been neglected in the research on AID. The general community and medical attitude is that donors are a reluctant and secretive group, who wish all information about themselves to be destroyed. This paper presents data from a study of 67 donors at the Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne. Through questionnaires and structured interviews, donors were asked questions concerning: their reasons for donating; their attitudes to the infertile couple who receive their sperm; their attitudes to the selection of couples; the revelation of information about themselves; and the possibility of meeting their AID offspring. The data reveal that some stereotypes about the donors are not valid; they do not donate primarily for monetary reasons and they are not only medical students. Furthermore, the majority of this group would not object if information about them, apart from their name, were given to the couple for the child, and over half would not mind meeting the child at the age of 18 years. It is clear from this study that before any legislation is created, donors' viewpoints should be considered. It is not impossible that a system could be designed to accommodate all the varied needs of couples, donors, and AID offspring. PMID- 6687215 TI - [Extraction, fractionation and chemical and immunological properties of urea soluble Schistosoma japonicum egg antigen]. PMID- 6687216 TI - [Case report of ocular Thelazia callipaeda infection]. PMID- 6687217 TI - [Enzyme-linked circumoval precipitation technic (ELCOPT) in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica]. PMID- 6687218 TI - [Effect of levamisole on the granulomatous response to Schistosoma japonicum eggs in mice]. PMID- 6687219 TI - [Artificial induction of specific immune modulation on Schistosoma japonicum egg granulomas]. PMID- 6687220 TI - Hemocytopenia as initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Prognostic significance. AB - In 1960 Rabinowitz and Dameshek emphasized the close relationship between idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and suggested that ITP is often a prodrome of SLE. On the basis of tis observation, the present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of SLE in patients with the initial diagnosis of ITP, autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), Fisher-Evans' syndrome (F-E) and idiopathic aplastic bone marrow (IABM) and to investigate the salient clinical manifestations and prognosis of these patients. We studied 62 patients, 35 with ITP, 16 with AIHA, 9 with F-E and 2 with IABM. Seventeen developed four or more ARA criteria for SLE within 6 of 14 years after the initial hematologic manfestations (IHM). Mucocutaneous symptoms predominated in all groups. None developed renal failure and only 2 had central nervous system involvement. When these patients were matched by age, sex and duration of illness with 24 SLE patients without hematologic abnormalities, the everity and therapeutic indices of the former showed a significantly (p 0.001) milder course. Eight of the 9 patients that required splenectomy are at present without treatment. SLE patient with IHM have a more benign course which is not worsened by splenectomy. PMID- 6687222 TI - Activity of 4'-0-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin hydrochloride (THP-ADM) in a human tumor cloning system. AB - 4'-0-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin hydrochloride (THP-ADM) is a new anthracycline derivative. The antitumor activity of THP-ADM was tested on 51 human tumor samples representing ten different tumor types in in vitro colony assay method. Tested tumors were: 26 cases of ovarian cancer, 8 cases of breast cancer, 6 cases of colorectal cancer, 3 cases of endometrial cancer, 2 cases each with gastric cancer and sarcoma, and another 4 cases. An in vitro colony assay was done in soft agar as described by Hamburger & Salmon. The criteria for in vitro sensitivity was defined as a 70 percent or greater reduction in the number of colonies after a 1-h exposure to drugs. The selected concentrations of THP-ADM for assay were 0.05, 0.5, and 1.0 micrograms/ml. The sensitivity rates for THP ADM in each dose were: 0.05 micrograms/ml (7/19, 37%), 0.5 micrograms/ml (10/51, 20%), and 1.0 micrograms/ml (12/19, 63%). In vitro sensitivity of adriamycin (0.04 micrograms/ml) was simultaneously tested in 49 cancer patients. Five out of 25 ovarian cancer patients (20%) showed responses to adriamycin and an overall response rate was 12% (6/49). These data indicate that THP-ADM has an antitumor activity against various cancers and it is comparable to that of adriamycin. PMID- 6687221 TI - Correlation of the structure of amino-substituted anthraquinones to cytotoxicity in cultured Chinese hamster cells. AB - A number of substituted anthraquinones (SAQs) are currently being tested as cancer chemotherapeutic agents because of their structural similarity to Adriamycin (ADR) and other DNA-intercalating antibiotics. In this study, the effect of SAQs on the induction of cytotoxicity of asynchronous Chinese hamster cells in culture was studied and compared to those produced by ADR and dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ), a SAQ previously shown to be more effective than ADR. SAQs produced cytotoxicity that was dependent upon the concentration and duration of drug exposure. A correlation was noted between the activity of a compound (the concentration required to produce a certain level of cell kill) and the presence of a particular triangular arrangement of one nitrogen atom and two oxygen atoms. There was also a correlation between chemical structure and antitumor activity in the murine P388 leukemia model system. This correlation between chemical structure and biological activity may aid in the development of new SAQs with greater potential as cancer chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 6687223 TI - [Precancerous conditions and pseudocancers]. PMID- 6687224 TI - Functional uncoupling of muscarinic receptors from adenylate cyclase in rat cardiac membranes by the active component of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin. AB - Direct effects of islet-activating protein (IAP), pertussis toxin, on membrane preparations from rat heart tissues were studied. The native IAP was without effect, but its A-protomer, an active subunit, was effective after reduction of disulfide bonds in the peptide chain; it catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of the membrane Mr = 41,000 protein. Simultaneously, muscarinic receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase was abolished. Carbachol, an agonist of muscarinic receptors, bound to membranes with the Hill coefficient smaller than unity. The affinity for the carbachol binding was lowered and the Hill coefficient was increased by guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p), reflecting the muscarinic receptor coupling to the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (N). Carbachol bound to the A-promoter-treated membranes with a lower affinity and a higher Hill coefficient, and these kinetic values were not altered by Gpp(NH)p, indicating that treatment of membranes with the A-protomer of IAP uncoupled muscarinic receptors from N. This IAP-sensitive N is Ni involved in the cyclase inhibition. Neither beta-adrenergic activation of adenylate cyclase nor beta agonist binding to membranes was affected by the A-protomer of IAP. Thus, N (Ns) coupled to beta-receptors is not the site of its action. Although the affinity and the Hill coefficient for beta-agonist binding was not affected by preactivated cholera toxin either, the effect of Gpp(NH)p to alter these kinetic parameters was much smaller in the cholera toxin-treated membranes than in non treated membranes. Thus, cholera toxin modified beta-receptor coupling to Ns in a manner quite different from IAP-induced modification of muscarinic receptor coupling to Ni. PMID- 6687225 TI - Effects of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-guanine-5'-triphosphate on adenylate cyclase: comparison with GTP and GPP(NH)P. AB - The present communication describes the actions of 9-beta-D-arabino furanosylguanine-5'-triphosphate (AraGTP) on hamster white and brown adipocyte and chick cardiac adenylate cyclase. AraGTP supports isoproterenol stimulation of adenylate cyclase in a GTP-like manner. Preincubation of membranes with AraGTP (with or without isoproterenol) does not irreversibly activate the adenylate cyclase as Gpp(NH)p does. In chick cardiac and hamster white adipocyte membranes both AraGTP and GTP alone inhibit adenylate cyclase. AraGTP mimics GTP and Gpp(NH)p in their abilities to lower agonist affinity for the inhibitory muscarinic receptor in cardiac membranes. These observations suggest AraGTP can interact with guanine nucleotide dependent regulatory proteins. In contrast to GTP though, AraGTP does not support hormonal attenuation of adenylate cyclase in any of these tissues. PMID- 6687227 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presenting ECG changes mimicking myocardial infarction during 18 years: report of a case]. AB - This report describes a 54-year-old man with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy whose electrocardiogram had developed abnormal changes characterized by progressive ST segment elevation with Q waves during eighteen years period. The ECG taken on the initial examination at his age of 36 showed a high voltage QRS complex with deep inverted T waves in V3-6. Twelve years later, these inverted T waves became shallow and ST-segment elevation was recognized. Since the age of 49, the ECG showed persistent ST-segment elevation and Q waves in V3-6 mimicking anterolateral myocardial infarction. At the age of 54, he suddenly died of ventricular tachycardia. At necropsy the heart showed the thickened ventricular septum and transmurally infarcted scar in the anteroseptal area near the apex with patent epicardial coronary arteries. Microscopic examination revealed myofibrillar disarray in the ventricular septum and significant intramural coronary artery narrowing in the left ventricular free wall and ventricular septum. The association of myocardial infarction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with the patent epicardial coronary artery has been reported by Maron et al, who stressed the role of the narrowing of intramural coronary arteries in such cases. In the present report, we discussed the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with a review of literature. PMID- 6687226 TI - [Generalized lentigo in a case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction]. AB - A case was reported in which generalized lentigo was associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. A 34-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for cardiac evaluation. He had been noted to have a heart murmur since his childhood and had had a diagnosis of pulmonary stenosis in his high school age. Physical examination revealed precordial murmurs and numerous lentigines over his whole body surface including palms and soles. Two dimensional and M-mode echocardiography disclosed asymmetric septal hypertrophy, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) and systolic semiclosure of both semilunar valves. A systolic turbulent flow was recorded at the outflow tracts of both ventricles by pulsed Doppler technique. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated a pressure gradient of 13 mmHg across the right ventricular outflow tract. We considered that the present case was an atypical LEOPARD syndrome with predominant right ventricular outflow tract obstruction which was precisely evaluated by noninvasive techniques. PMID- 6687228 TI - [Six families of familial cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6687229 TI - [Exercise capacity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6687230 TI - [Clinical evaluation of regional myocardial blood flow in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6687232 TI - [Pathology of cardiac hypertrophy: formal genesis of concentric and eccentric hypertrophy]. PMID- 6687231 TI - [Ventricular wall thickness evaluated by radionuclide cardiac imaging]. PMID- 6687233 TI - [Exercise echocardiography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6687234 TI - [Improved cineangiographic evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by biventriculography with angled projection]. AB - Left ventricular cineangiography with angled projection has been designed to overcome limitations of conventional angiography in the diagnosis of various heart diseases. Thus, to delineate the precise extent and degree of the thickness of the ventricular septum and left ventricular free wall in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we performed biventriculography with angled projection (angled BVG) in 14 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), three with concentric hypertrophy and one with dilated cardiomyopathy. We also performed conventional biventriculography (nonangled BVG) in 9 of these 18 patients. The length of the interventricular septum (LIVS) and the long axis of the left ventricular cavity (LLV) measured by angled BVG (LIVS = 8.07 +/- 1.41 cm and LLV = 9.10 +/- 1.36 cm, n = 9) were significantly longer than those by nonangled BVG (LIVS = 5.88 +/- 1.17 and LLV = 7.15 +/- 1.24, n = 9) (p less than 0.001). In addition, the mitral valve and ventricular septum were visualized more clearly. Systolic anterior motion of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve was readily identifiable, which was not detected usually by the nonangled method. In summary, angled BVG afforded increased precision in evaluation of the interventricular septum, left ventricular outflow tract and mitral valve in patients with HCM because these structures are seen in profile, an anatomy of the interventricular septum and an abnormal motion of the mitral valve can be better evaluated. Thus, angled BVG is the diagnostic procedure of choice in patients suggestive of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6687235 TI - Enhanced cis-platinum neurotoxicity in pediatric patients with brain tumors. AB - Eight children were treated with cis-platinum for recurrent brain tumor. Six of these children were fully evaluable. All received cis-platinum (total dose per course 60 to 120 mg/m2; up to three courses) by infusion with mannitol and hydration. All had received one or more courses of cranial irradiation. Five of the six patients had evidence of significant hearing loss after only one cycle of treatment. All six patients demonstrated significant audiometric or symptomatic hearing loss after a total dose of 110-120 mg/m2. In patients further challenged with cis-platinum hearing loss progressed significantly. Two patients developed profound deterioration in neurologic status within 72 h after infusion. These experiences suggest that Ototoxicity is accentuated in patients who have received cranial irradiation. Further treatment may lead to prohibitive hearing loss. Severe neurologic deterioration may occur secondary to drug infusion. PMID- 6687236 TI - [Lipoleiomyoma of the uterus]. AB - A case of lipoleiomyoma uteri in a 44-year old women is presented. The tumor, 9 cm in diameter, was situated beneath the serous membrane, at the back wall. There were also smaller leiomyomas, but the tumour described differed from them in being pale-yellow and having a somewhat softer consistency. PMID- 6687237 TI - [Pregnancy counseling and the work of the obstetrical unit in Valjevo during the past 10 years]. AB - About each tenth woman having been confined in Valjevo's hospital was controlled at the Prenatal Guidance Unit of the Hospital's Maternity Ward. Out of the women controlled at the hospital, 2.5% had pre-term deliveries, while this percentage in other women having been controlled at the hospital's guidance unit. PMID- 6687238 TI - [Clinical chronopharmacology]. PMID- 6687240 TI - [Soy beans as an alternative in infant nutrition in a community of northeastern Brazil]. AB - The use of a powdered soy extract (30% protein) as a supplement in infant feeding for children from 2-24 months who had stopped breastfeeding was tested for acceptance and impact in two semi-rural communities in the State of Bahia in Northeast Brazil. The product was supplied gratuitously by a Brazilian soy bean processing firm. The introduction of the product was one aspect of a University sponsored integrated community-action program. Nutritional status was determined by weight for age, using the Gomez classification (Marcondes, Class IV). There was a statistically significant difference in improvement in the nutritional status of those children who received the soy supplement. PMID- 6687239 TI - Heparin-sepharose as a tool in the subcellular fractionation of a polyamine-rich organ (rat ventral prostate). AB - Heparin-sepharose forms complexes with putrescine, spermidine, and spermine and indirect measurements of its affinity for polyamines gives values similar to those obtained with free heparin. A direct measurement of the binding of heparin sepharose to spermine gives an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.5 X 10( 6)M spermine. Unlike free heparin, heparin-sepharose does not cause either disruption of the nuclei or more sutble modifications able to modify their sedimentation behavior. The heparin-sepharose polyamine complex formed by the addition of heparin-sepharose to the homogenate can easily be removed and the homogenate can be processed according to normal schedules. Heparin-sepharose is able to sequester 85% of the exchangeable spermine present in the homogenate of rat ventral prostate. The distribution of the marker enzyme galactosyltransferase (Golgi apparatus) on a sucrose density gradient was followed to assess the usefulness of heparin-sepharose in minimizing the aggregation of cellular organelles brought about by polyamines. PMID- 6687241 TI - [Trypsin inhibitors in soy bean-based food: critical review of thermal destruction kinetics, and analytical methods]. AB - The possible kinetic mechanisms for thermal destruction of trypsin inhibitors (TI) are analyzed in this work, based on literature data and on the authors'data. The authors suggest that first order kinetics describes the destruction mechanism. On the other hand, it is demonstrated that temperature effects on the reaction rate constant for thermal destruction of TI can be quantified in terms of Arrhenius' equation. The kinetic data are used for illustrating thermal process optimization, maximizing microorganisms and TI destruction, and minimizing the destruction of a nutrient. The analytical methods for TI activity determination are discussed, with special emphasis on the AACC Official Method. The authors show that the original method for calculating TI activity is neither correct nor appropriate. The same can be said about several recent modifications. In order to solve this situation, the authors developed a mechanistic model, to explain the reactions occurring in the reaction mixture, when analyzing TI activity. Furthermore, it is demonstrated in this paper that the model solves the uncertainties and calculation problems found in the AACC Official Method and in its modifications. Lastly, some practical suggestions for the application of the new calculation method are proposed. PMID- 6687242 TI - [Relationship between systolic time and E point distance--septum measured by monodimensional echocardiography, in the functional evaluation of patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6687243 TI - [Coronary disease in type II diabetes]. PMID- 6687244 TI - [Cardiodynamic effects of an oxodiazole-pyrimidine vasodilator in chronic cardiac insufficiency under cardiac scintigraphic control]. PMID- 6687245 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the dimension and function of the left ventricle during muscle exercise on the cycloergometer in sitting position in middle distance runners]. PMID- 6687246 TI - [Polygraphic evaluation after ergometric test of left ventricular function in diabetics]. PMID- 6687247 TI - [Persistent subendocardial ischemia after hyperventilation]. PMID- 6687248 TI - [Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in patients with angina pectoris with normal coronary vessels and a positive exercise test]. PMID- 6687252 TI - [Correlation between ergometric parameters and follow-up in 409 infarct patients]. PMID- 6687253 TI - [Preliminary study on the use of a computerized physical model for the study of the prinicipal parameters of heart function]. PMID- 6687249 TI - [Serial measurement of C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of the post pericardiotomy syndrome]. PMID- 6687254 TI - [Edible, poisonous and hallucinatory fungi of Costa Rica]. AB - This is the first comprehensive report on hallucinatory, edible and poisonous mushrooms of Costa Rica. A total of 67 species is reported of which 4 are hallucinatory, 55 are edible and 8 are poisonous. A search based on information obtained from national health centers between 1972 and 1977, includes total number of intoxications per year, number of cases by age, sex and geographic distribution. PMID- 6687255 TI - Problems in dose response interpretation in occupational epidemiology. PMID- 6687256 TI - The identification of hepatic injury and hepatic angiosarcoma among vinyl chloride workers--the epidemiological approach. AB - The Occupational Health Surveillance System described herein has provided the experience and data to clearly demonstrate that prospective, epidemiological application to the problem of health surveillance in the occupational environment is feasible and economical. It has demonstrated that the approach is implementable in industries of any size or type, can be operated without interference with industrial productivity, is extremely cost-effective at the epidemiological surveillance program level, provides the best means to identify and characterize agents which may produce occupationally-related disease in the human population, provides an ongoing means of assessing the effectiveness of intervention or preventive measures and be provided through the expertise of health sciences centers with economic benefit to the universities and industry and a significant social benefit to the community. PMID- 6687257 TI - Effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)-binding proteins and anti-cytochrome b5 immunoglobulin on cholecalciferol 25-hydroxylase activities of rabbit liver microsomes and mitochondria. AB - The effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)-binding proteins and anti-cytochrome b5 immunoglobulin were studied on vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase activities of microsomes and mitochondria under various experimental conditions. The vitamin D3 binding protein in serum as well as in the liver postmicrosomal supernatant (cellular vitamin D3-binding protein), but not serum albumin and ovalbumin, stimulated vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase activities of microsomes and mitochondria. The optimum pH range was from 7.3 to 8.0. Anti-cytochrome b5 immunoglobulin did not affect microsomal vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase activity. PMID- 6687258 TI - Operational, analogical and genuine definitions of psychophysiology. AB - The reason for considering definitional issues is not that of arriving at a universally agreed-to definition, but rather that of illuminating scientific disagreements. From this viewpoint it will be argued that operational and analogical definitions which have been offered by psychophysiology are not useful, because they do not permit the settling of disputes on objective grounds. Those grounds are relevant only for genuine definitions, which can be tested in terms of the counter-example argument in general, and in particular in terms of whether they adequately differentiate psychophysiology from the closely related but different area of physiological psychology. One such genuine but inadequate definition is that offered by Stern (1964), which differentiates the two areas in terms of the dependent and independent variables being, respectively, manipulated and measured. The definition offered here is in terms of the interests of the investigator, and is that psychophysiology is the study of psychological processes in the intact organism as a whole by means of unobtrusively measured physiological processes. I shall argue that this definition more adequately differentiates psychophysiology from physiological psychology than does Stern's definition. In addition, I shall suggest that adopting this definition does not isolate the two areas from one another, but rather brings them into a more scientifically meaningful relationship. Finally, I shall illustrate, with some examples, how (implicitly adopted) definitions that are different from the proposed one here lead to substantive differences in both the conduct and evaluation of research in psychophysiology. Definitional issues, in other words, are not only of relevance for ivory-tower, armchair philosphers. They affect not only the practice of empirical basic research, but also applied practice. PMID- 6687260 TI - Basic concepts of psychophysiology. PMID- 6687259 TI - Experiments on the neuropsychology of thirst. AB - We report the results of a series of experiments whose main objectives are: (a) the identification of neural receptors for thirst; and (b) other neural structures of critical importance for thirst and drinking behavior. We have used results from hypertonic challenges during acute unit and multiple-unit recording experiments to identify responsive brain areas for behavioral study in chronic experiments. Results include the following. Single cells in the lateral preoptic area (LPOA) responded to injections of hypertonic saline into the carotid artery in a dose-related manner. Multiple unit activity (MUA) reactions were invariably facilitatory to challenge, and were much greater in the LPOA than in the medial preoptic area (MPOA). In unit and MUA recording we found extremely osmosensitive sites in the dorsal midbrain. Comparing the effects of NaCl vs sucrose as challenges via the intracarotid artery we found that LPOA MUA responses to sucrose were at least as strong and latencies as short as those to NaCl. These results support osmoreceptor theory, as revised by Epstein and his co-workers, and they are opposed to Andersson's sodium receptor theory. Hypertonic NaCl and sucrose solutions (but not artificial CSF controls) injected into the lateral ventricle were effective in producing strong MUA reactions, which typically were inhibition followed by facilitation. These and other findings support the following conclusions. (a) The LPOA appears to be a vital part of the neural mechanism for thirst and it is a probable site of osmoreceptors. (b) In addition, the LPOA seems to be a receiving area connected with putative periventricular neural receptors. (c) Intraventricular (i.v.t.) angiotensin II seems to be a much stronger dipsogen than hypertonic NaCl i.v.t., which in higher concentrations elicited stereotyped running. PMID- 6687261 TI - Dynamic neurophysiological correlates of mental processes. AB - The study of neurophysiological correlates of states and activity has revealed different mechanisms of the brain. Infraslow physiological processes (ISPP) as well as impulse activity of neurons and neuronal populations (NIA) were recorded during the performance of psychological and other trials by the subject. Subjects were neurological patients diagnosed and treated with implanted electrodes. We found correlates of mental activity to be reproducible (stable) in some brain areas and variable in others, which confirmed our concept that mental activity is maintained by cortical-subcortical functional system with links of different degrees of rigidity. One of the ISPP types, omega-potential, was shown to reflect quantitatively the state of the brain areas. We have described NIA rearrangements accompanying mental operations and revealed the complimentary character of various NIA rearrangements. Extremely promising in the investigation of neurophysiological correlates of mental processes, is the study of the relationship of local and distributed rearrangements in various neurophysiological processes, as well as combination of averaging with the study of correlates of single mental acts. Stability, combined with the dynamic character of rearrangements of physiological processes in the brain, seems to be its fundamental property responsible for informational capacity of the brain and adaptational ability of the organism. PMID- 6687262 TI - Phase relations between carotid pressure and ongoing electrocortical activity. AB - The behavioral significance of changes in the cardiovascular system has been a major source of controversy in psychophysiology. In view of this, it is surprising that so few studies have examined the relationship between cardiac events and electrocortical (EEG) activity in human subjects. In the present study, this relationship was examined by comparing phase, amplitude and frequency of EEG activity sampled during systolic and diastolic pressure recorded from the carotid artery of resting subjects. The results indicated that rhythmic oscillations of the EEG (particularly those in the alpha range) were time-locked to the carotid pressure wave, and EEG samples taken during systolic and diastolic pressure were distinctly out of phase. In addition, EEG activity sampled during systolic pressure was comprised of slower frequencies than EEG activity sampled during diastolic pressure. It was suggested that the relationship between cardiac events and behavior may be mediated in part by influences of the cardiovascular system on electrocortical rhythms. PMID- 6687263 TI - Neurophysiology of intellectual and emotional processes in man. PMID- 6687264 TI - Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to electrical stimulation of the midbrain in the rat. AB - In descending through the midbrains of rats with stimulation electrodes, we have observed some remarkable reversals of pressor and depressor autonomic effects as the electrode was moved from one locus to another. Autonomic effects of stimulating in the midbrain areas that we studied are of special interest because stimulations in some of these midbrain loci have pain-relieving effects (Hosobuchi et al., 1977, 1979; Mayer et al., 1971; Soper, 1976). Our observations of cardiac arrest are of particular concern because of the use that is being made of midbrain electrical stimulation to relieve pain in human patients. PMID- 6687265 TI - Early prolonged light-deprivation in hooded rats: deficits in two visual discrimination paradigms. AB - Two types of experimental paradigms were used to study the effects of prolonged postnatal light-deprivation in hooded rats. The first experiment tested the effect of dark rearing on the acquisition of a light-flux discrimination using positive reinforcement discrimination; while the second experiment tested the effect of dark rearing on the acquisition and extinction of a conditioned emotional response (CER) using light-flux onset as a conditioning stimulus. Both positive discrimination and CER paradigms proved successful in revealing a deficit resulting from prolonged light-deprivation in hooded rats. These paradigms could differentiate a specific effect of light-deprivation on light flux discrimination from general discrimination performance. PMID- 6687266 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism in children. AB - A compendium of tests available to diagnose children with inborn errors of metabolism is presented. It is intended to provide the pediatric pathologist with a rational way of using laboratory tests to investigate a patient who is suspected of having an inborn error of metabolism. It is intended to bridge the gap between the ward and the laboratory by providing a framework for investigations of such children. PMID- 6687268 TI - Perinatal pathologist as skeptical inquirer. PMID- 6687269 TI - Morphology of acute myopathy associated with influenza B infection. AB - Calf muscle samples were obtained from 12 children with transient incapacitating myalgia and proved infection of the upper respiratory tract with influenza virus, type B. In all except one, light microscopy revealed isolated segmental muscle fiber degeneration and necrosis without frank myositis. Ultrastructural studies revealed that in zones of segmental necrosis, the sarcolemma was lysed but the basement membrane was intact. Focal degenerative changes included myofibrillar disarray with disruption/loss of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, glycogen depletion accompanied by mitochondriopathy, subsarcolemmal mitochondrial aggregates, activation of satellite cells, and focal filopodial transformation of the sarcolemma. The primary event in the pathogenesis of focal muscle fiber necrosis is likely to be biochemical and was not elucidated, but the focal sarcolemmal and T-tubule changes and mitochondriopathy suggest that destabilization of cell membranes may play a critical role. Sarcolemmal filopodia may be a marker for a specific type of membrane injury, but we were unable to establish that influenza virus has a direct role in its genesis. PMID- 6687267 TI - Does zonal aganglionosis really exist? Report of a rare variety of Hirschsprung's disease and review of the literature. AB - The aganglionic segment of intestine in Hirschsprung's disease begins at the anus and extends proximally for a distance that varies from case to case. Occasional reports describe patients in whom the aganglionosis is segmental, with normal distal innervation or a skip area of normal innervation within an area of aganglionosis. This paper describes 4 patients with Hirschsprung's disease wherein a segment of normally innervated colon was found in an otherwise aganglionic colon. Two of these patients were siblings with different fathers. Problems encountered in the management of these patients are detailed. In a critical review of the literature, 2 additional male patients with well documented zonal aganglionosis were identified. Although variations from the usual morphology or Hirschsprung's disease do exist, they are so rare that they merit clinical consideration only when the anatomic record and the clinical course are in obvious disagreement. Rectal biopsy remains the best method for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 6687270 TI - Papillary pore counts: a method of studying developmental aberrations in diseased juvenile kidneys. AB - Counts of the number of pores of primary collecting tubules (ducts of Bellini) on renal papillae, and values calculated by adjusting the counts of compound papillae to those of "virtual" single papillae, were determined for kidneys of patients with end-stage renal failure. Values for chronic glomerulonephritis, Alport's disease, infantile polycystic disease, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13 were not abnormal. Kidneys of patients with CUTO showed significantly low pore counts, indicating that this process in some cases is a true hypoplasia, with mean reduction of number of ducts of Bellini of 26%. FGS showed a high proportion of single papillae (80% vs. normal 60%) with high virtual pore counts, suggesting that a developmental abnormality underlies this disorder (or this outcome of nephrotic syndrome). Cystinosis showed a high proportion of compound papillae (80% vs. 40%) but low virtual pore counts, implying that this genetic disorder causes both maldevelopment and postnatal functional abnormality of the kidneys. A Jeune syndrome kidney produced very low pore counts (mean 8 vs. 16.6 for virtual pore counts), and Down's syndrome also showed low pore counts (mean VPC 15.1 vs. normal 16.6), indicating that the low kidney weights demonstrated by others with Down's syndrome reflect a true hypoplasia. PMID- 6687271 TI - Myopathic skeletal muscle fiber abnormalities in cardiomyopathies of childhood. AB - Skeletal muscle fibers isolated from 50 muscle specimens from 10 children with cardiomyopathy of unknown cause are compared to those from 18 specimens from 5 patients with skeletal muscle myopathies, 45 specimens from 18 patients with congenital heart disease, and 15 specimens from 7 patients with no genetic, chromosomal, or cardiac disease. Muscle fibers from the myopathy specimens show increased nuclei/mm of fiber and increased nuclei/mm/micron of diameter (R value), as well as reduced surface area and volume of cytoplasm per nucleus, compared to control values. The values for cardiomyopathy deviate from normal in the same way as, but to a lesser degree than, those for myopathy--namely, in this material, diseases with cardiomyopathy tend also to produce mild myopathy. Since cardiac and skeletal muscle pathologic findings have not been adequately studied for the majority of the approximately 50 genetic disorders causing cardiomyopathy or otherwise affecting cardiac function described to date, the data indicate primarily that skeletal muscle biopsy will undoubtedly be more useful in cardiomyopathic disorders when the appropriate correlative studies of cardiac and skeletal muscle in such diseases have been done. Because larger biopsy specimens can be obtained, skeletal muscle merits further exploitation in biochemical research on basic mechanisms of disorders causing cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6687272 TI - Medullary nuclear dysplasia (Mobius syndrome) in an infant with recurrent apnea and isoelectric EEG. AB - From birth, an infant girl had repeated episodes of loss of consciousness, apnea and bradycardia, aphonia, and severe pharyngeal-esophageal discoordination. These functional deficits correlated with a gross and microscopic malformation of the medulla oblongata, which is characterized by profound deficits of motor and sensory nuclei and of the reticular formation. We have classified this as an example of Mobius syndrome. No etiology was suggested from the history. Histopathologic findings are compatible with an early massive insult to developing structures in the tegmentum of the medulla oblongata. PMID- 6687274 TI - Pancreatic pathology in trisomy 13: specificity of the morphologic lesion. AB - Pancreases from 8 patients with trisomy 13 were studied. Ectopic splenic tissue was present in 6: 3 had accessory spleens and ectopic splenic tissue embedded in the pancreas, one had intrapancreatic splenic tissue without an accessory spleen, and one had an accessory spleen without intrapancreatic splenic tissue. The intrapancreatic splenic tissue was multiple, generally poorly or nonencapsulated, and contained pancreatic acini, islets of Langerhans, and ducts lined by tall columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The rest of the pancreas in these and other cases of trisomy 13 had microcyst formation and focal proliferations of small ducts similar to those seen in the splenic tissue. This constellation of features appears to be distinctive of trisomy 13. PMID- 6687273 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease involving the central nervous system. AB - Two male sibling infants died following a short course of lethargy and obtundation after a lifelong history of persistent, unrelenting diarrhea. Postmortem examination revealed extensive necrosis and early granuloma formation in the liver, spleen, lungs, and lymph nodes as well as in the central nervous system. To our knowledge, this fulminant clinical course, with documentation of granulomatous CNS lesions, has not been reported in patients with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. PMID- 6687275 TI - Menetrier's disease in children: report of a case and review of the pediatric literature. AB - A case of Menetrier's disease (giant hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa) in a 2 day-old infant is presented. The lesion was primarily confined to the gastric antrum. It resulted in outlet obstruction and necessitated partial gastrectomy. The pertinent literature is critically evaluated, and probably only 2 of the 9 previously reported cases of Menetrier's disease in children qualify fully. PMID- 6687276 TI - Congenital Budd-Chiari syndrome. AB - Budd-Chiari syndrome, due to thrombotic occlusion of hepatic veins or ostia, is unusual in infants. Review of the literature reveals no documented case symptomatic at birth. We describe a male infant with ascites present at birth. A liver biopsy at 7 weeks of age showed sinusoidal dilatation, but the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome was made only at autopsy, 4 months later. The cause was not determined although maternal drug abuse was suspected. PMID- 6687278 TI - Vaccinial osteomyelitis in a case of generalized intrauterine virus infection. AB - We report the case of a 14-week fetus who developed a generalized vaccinia virus infection after primary vaccination of the mother in the 10th week of pregnancy. Special emphasis is given to the skeletal lesions, which have not been previously reported in prenatal vaccinial infection. PMID- 6687280 TI - Hepatic parenchymal cells in cystic fibrosis: ultrastructural evidence for abnormal intracellular transport. AB - Few ultrastructural observations of hepatic parenchymal cells in cystic fibrosis (CF) have appeared in the literature. Utilizing a unique opportunity to examine freshly fixed hepatic tissue by transmission electron microscopy, we studied 12 patients dying with CF at Duke Hospital from 1979 to 1981 in order to identify possible abnormalities of intracellular architecture. The major findings include (1) intracellular fatty vacuoles, (2) distended bile ductules and bile ducts containing increased cellular debris, (3) profiles of distended rough endoplasmic reticulum containing material of medium electron density, and (4) membrane-bound deposits of electron-lucent material containing electron-dense cores resembling mucus. We suggest that the material seen within the cytocavitary network reflects a derangement of intracellular transport. PMID- 6687279 TI - Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: report of 30 cases and review of the literature. AB - Thirty cases of mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver are presented and compared with 42 previously published cases. The patients, 69% male, range in age from newborn to 10 years (average age 15 months, median age 10 months). Except for occasional cases in which the lesion is an incidental finding at autopsy, most present with progressive abdominal enlargement over a period of days to months. Physical and radiologic examinations are nonspecific except for the demonstration of a mass within or attached to the liver. The masses are large, averaging 1311 g, and frequently contain cysts filled with clear fluid or gelatinous material. Histologic examination shows a mixture of loose mesenchymal tissue, bile ducts, connective tissue, and hepatocytes along with cysts formed either from degenerative areas of mesenchyme or from dilated bile ducts and lympathics. Treatment is partial or total excision of the lesion. Mortality (7-17%) is related to intraoperative or postoperative complications. Recurrence or malignant transformation has not been noted. PMID- 6687281 TI - Undifferentiated (embryonal) liver sarcoma of childhood: evidence of leiomyoblastic differentiation. AB - This report describes the clinical, histopathologic, and ultrastructural features of a tumor of the liver arising in an 11-month-old infant and displaying the morphology of undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma. The gross presentation and clinical manifestations showed some overlap with features often considered distinctive of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma primary of bile ducts. However, electron microscopic study disclosed only fibroblastic and leiomyoblastic differentiation in biopsies of recurrent tumor, close to 2 years after the original diagnosis. Theoretical implications of this finding are discussed. PMID- 6687277 TI - Spinal malignant schwannoma in a 5-year-old boy: ultrastructural evidence of its perineurial origin. AB - A case of a malignant spinal schwannoma in a 5-year-old boy is reported. Electron microscopic findings permitting the classification of the tumor and its possible origin from the nerve sheath (perineurial cell) are discussed. PMID- 6687282 TI - Undifferentiated ("embryonal") sarcoma of the liver: ultrastructure of a case presenting as a primary intracardiac tumor. AB - We report the ultrastructure of an undifferentiated ("embryonal") sarcoma of the liver that presented as a right-sided intracardiac tumor in an 8-year-old boy. The patient eventually died because of repeated embolization of tumor to the lungs. At autopsy the hepatic primary was composed of primitive mesenchymal cells with occasional small cysts and ducts lined by benign-appearing epithelium. Electron microscopy of the mesenchymal cells indicated a limited capacity for pluripotential differentiation along fibroblastic, lipoblastic, and even myogenous lines. Epithelial elements closely resembled those lining normal bile ducts but contained increased fibrillar material with haphazard orientation. The histogenesis of this rare hepatic tumor is still unknown, but the occurrence of both epithelial and frankly sarcomatous elements within the primary tumor again raises the possibility of malignant transformation within a pre-existing mesenchymal hamartoma. PMID- 6687283 TI - Omphalomesenteric duct cysts of the umbilical cord. AB - Three cases of omphalomesenteric (OM) duct cyst within the umbilical cord are presented and analyzed together with 6 previously reported cases. The embryology of the OM duct is reviewed, emphasizing those portions of the duct that may persist beyond early fetal life. Omphalomesenteric duct cysts are located at the proximal (fetal) end of the cord and range from 0.4-6.0 cm in diameter. They appear as cystically dilated "miniature" segments of the gastrointestinal tract and are lined by columnar epithelium resembling that of the gastric, small intestinal, or colonic mucosa; islands of pancreatic tissue may be associated with the cyst lining. The cysts have peripheral angiomatoid vascularity and the surface epithelium of the cord at one site tends to be hyperplastic. These lesions occur more often in males than in females and are unrelated to prematurity or to maternal age, race, or gravidity. They only rarely cause fetal morbidity or mortality but evidence is presented to suggest that they may on occasion be associated with potentially dangerous intraabdominal anomalies of the OM duct. PMID- 6687284 TI - Intestinal malakoplakia in childhood: case report and review of literature. AB - We report the clinical and pathologic features of primary intestinal malakoplakia in a 14-year-old boy. The transmural involvement of small bowel, chronicity of the disease, and development of fistulas simulated chronic inflammatory bowel disease, specifically Crohn's disease. The diagnosis of malakoplakia was only possible by tissue biopsy. The clinical and pathologic differential diagnosis is briefly reviewed. PMID- 6687285 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma and benign teratoma. AB - A case of mediastinal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring with a benign teratoma is reported. In all histologic sections of tumor, the two elements were distinctly separate. This is felt to represent two independently developing tumors that ultimately fused to form a "collision tumor" rather than a sarcoma arising in a benign teratoma. PMID- 6687286 TI - Eccrine sweat gland anatomy in cockayne syndrome: a possible diagnostic aid. AB - Cockayne syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease, which includes as major features motor and mental retardation (beginning in the second year), microcephaly, ataxia, retinal degeneration and pigmentation, cataracts, progeroid features, intracranial calcification, hypogonadism, and growth retardation. Many other diseases have some of these features, so that diagnosis of Cockayne syndrome can be difficult, especially in younger children. Eccrine sweat glands were microdissected from autopsy or biopsy specimens from patients with Cockayne syndrome, and mean values for duct length, secretory coil volume, ratio of coil volume to duct length, and axis ratio of the secretory coil were determined. In comparison with values for eccrine glands of patients with no known genetic or chromosomal disease, eccrine glands in Cockayne syndrome are abnormally small for age. Whether other diseases with various similarities to Cockayne syndrome produce similar growth abnormality of eccrine sweat glands is not known, but determination of sweat gland size may provide data suggesting or supporting the diagnosis of Cockayne syndrome. PMID- 6687287 TI - Fetal alcohol myopathy. AB - A unique myopathic process in three flaccid, hypotonic, and weak neonates born to alcoholic mothers was investigated. In utero activity was depressed in all 3 cases. The muscle biopsies showed hypotrophy, dominance of type II fibers, and central nuclei. There was marked sarcomeric dysplasia at the ultrastructural level. Sarcomeres were of variable length and diameters; Z-band material with actin persisted in a coagulum of granulofilamentous debris; the number of myosin filaments was decreased. The degree to which myocytes were affected varied from focal to holocellular dysplasia. The disorder at the ultrastructural level in these damaged muscles from infants with the fetal alcohol syndrome is a unique constellation, warranting the term "fetal alcohol myopathy." PMID- 6687289 TI - Normal organ weights of infants and children: graphs of values by age, with confidence intervals. AB - This study subjects the Coppoletta-Wolbach data of normal organ weights of children from birth to 12 years of age to statistical analysis, producing a set of curves that show the linear regression of organ weight versus age for each set of weights plus, for each organ, the 75%, 80%, 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence bands for single new values. PMID- 6687288 TI - Hemangiomas of the umbilical cord. AB - Four cases of umbilical cord hemangioma are presented and analyzed with all previously reported cases. Umbilical cord hemangiomas consist of an angiomatous nodule containing and encompassed by edema and myxomatous degeneration of Wharton's jelly, often cystic. The angiomatous nodules range from 0.2 to 7 cm in largest dimension, whereas the associated edema may measure up to 15 cm. The tumors tend to occur at the placental end of the cord and presumably arise from one or more of the major umbilical vessels. The angiomatous nodules tend to be sharply demarcated from the surrounding stroma and are invariably cytologically benign. Although cord hemangiomas are strongly associated with fetal morbidity and mortality, a causal relationship has not been definitely established. There is no apparent association between cord hemangiomas and maternal age, race, or gravidity nor does one sex predominate. Unlike placental hemangiomas, cord hemangiomas are not associated with maternal hydramnios. Ultrastructural differences between umbilical cord and placental amnion explain both this differing clinical effect as well as the presence of marked edema and myxomatous degeneration of Wharton's jelly in cord tumors. Speculation concerning an underlying congenital predisposition to vascular neoplasm in these infants is presented. PMID- 6687290 TI - Hemolytic-uremic syndrome and T-cryptantigen exposure by neuraminidase-producing pneumococci: an emerging problem? AB - Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure form a constellation of complications observed in patients infected with neuraminidase-producing pneumococci. The circulating enzyme causes exposure of the T-cryptantigen on cell surfaces to which most people possess a naturally occurring antibody. Antigen antibody interaction activates effector systems that lead to the clinical manifestations. The syndrome is most frequently seen in infants, in whom it carries more than a 50% mortality rate. T-cryptantigen activation can be detected by demonstrating red cell agglutination by the peanut lectin Arachis hypogea. Plasma exchange and avoidance of blood products containing immunoglobins are of value in the management of this devastating complication of pneumococcal infection. PMID- 6687291 TI - Hemolytic-uremic syndrome: initial presentation mimicking intestinal intussusception. AB - A case of hemolytic-uremic syndrome preceded by laparotomy for suspected intestinal intussusception is reported. The pathologic lesions in the colon are described; they are attributable to microangiopathic thrombosis. Their significance in the hemolytic uremic syndrome is discussed. PMID- 6687294 TI - Multiple congenital septal atresias of the intestine: histomorphologic and pathogenetic implications. AB - Congenital atresias of the gastrointestinal tract are usually single and divided into three forms on a morphologic basis. The septal or diaphragmatic type (type I) is the least common. We report an infant with multiple type I atresias involving both the small and large intestine and describe the unique histologic features of the septa: fragmentation of muscularis mucosa, multiple septal cysts lined by columnar epithelium, circular and longitudinal muscular layers, and absence of inflammation. This infant had a sibling who died with multiple intestinal atresias of the septal type. The histologic features suggest that type I gastrointestinal atresias may be due to failure of complete recanalization rather than result from healing of vascular of inflammatory events. PMID- 6687295 TI - Pyloric atresia associated with epidermolysis bullosa: special reference to pathogenesis. AB - Pyloric atresia and epidermolysis bullosa are both rare anomalies, and the coincidental occurrence of both is highly unlikely. The postmortem findings of 2 unrelated cases is presented, with special reference to the pathology and pathogenesis of pyloric atresia. PMID- 6687293 TI - Rhabdomyoma of the heart producing right bundle branch block. AB - A 4-day-old female had an uneventful prenatal course and delivery. Immediate cyanosis improved with oxygen therapy. Cardiomegaly on chest radiograph, right bundle branch block on electrocardiogram, and apparent increased tricuspid valve excursion on echocardiography led to a diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly. Death occurred unexpectedly. Autopsy demonstrated a rhabdomyoma of the interventricular septum, which had produced obstruction to right ventricular outflow and had interrupted the right bundle branch of the conducting system. It appears that the massive size of the septal tumor led to its misdiagnosis on the echocardiogram. PMID- 6687292 TI - Pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease: irreversible vascular changes in young infants. AB - Among 280 infants under 1 year of age with congenital heart disease autopsied at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center between 1959 and 1978, there were six instances of grade IV1 pulmonary artery hypertension. Five were patients with ventricular septal defect (four associated with other cardiovascular malformations). The sixth was a patient with atrioventricular canal. The youngest was 2 1/2 months of age. Advanced degrees of pulmonary hypertensive arteriopathy (grade IV or more) have been said to be rare in infants, especially under the age of 1 year. The fact that all of these cases occurred within the last few years of the study suggests the possibility of improved supportive care leading to the prolonged survival of infants who might otherwise have died prior to developing severe disease. In addition, the role of altitude in accelerating the arteriopathy must be considered in the present series. In any case, this unexpected increase in the frequency of severe pulmonary hypertensive arteriopathy should stimulate consideration of early surgical correction of the underlying cardiovascular malformation, especially in areas of relatively high altitude. PMID- 6687296 TI - Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: a report of two cases. AB - We report two cases of a recently isolated variety of astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, affecting the cerebral cortex and meninges of children and young adults. The first tumor was localized in the left frontal lobe of a 9-year old girl. The second appeared in the right parietal lobe of a 14-year-old girl. Both tumors displayed a pleomorphic cellular proliferation, with spindle-shaped and bizarre multinucleated giant cells, some positive for neutral lipids, with a prominent reticulin network and areas highly suggestive of malignant fibrohistiocytomas (fibroxanthosarcomas). The glial fibrillary acidic protein was demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase method in the cytoplasm of the giant and the spindle cells. Ultrastructural studies confirmed the glial nature of the tumor. This type of tumor seems to carry a much better prognosis than other tumors from which it has to be separated, e.g., glioblastoma and meningeal sarcomas. PMID- 6687297 TI - Spinal cord lesions in tuberous sclerosis. AB - Spinal cord involvement is not widely recognized as part of the tuberous sclerosis complex. Necropsy study of the spinal cord from 2 patients revealed abnormalities in both. These consisted of clusters of abnormal fiber-forming astrocytes in gray and in white matter, bizarre giant glial forms in white matter in one patient, and neuronal loss. Myelin sheaths in subpial zones were also swollen and slightly fragmented in one patient. Reports of similar studies are sparse. Some investigators have also noted glial proliferation and white matter changes, although the latter most likely represented Wallerian degeneration. PMID- 6687298 TI - Effects of the selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, dazoxiben, on cyclic flow variations in stenosed canine coronary arteries. PMID- 6687299 TI - Pathogenesis of alcoholic hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 6687300 TI - The action of antidiuretic hormone in promoting tubular fusion, as viewed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 6687301 TI - [Perinatal mortality in various weight classes: evaluation of data of the Ospedale Maria Vittoria, Turin 1977-1981]. AB - The authors have studied stillbirth, early neonatal death rate, perinatal death rate following weight classes, weight distribution in live born and death causes between 1977 and 1981. These data permit to evaluate the degree of efficiency in the obstetrical and neonatological department. Weight distribution pattern has been fairly constant and low-weight incidence similar to that found by other authors. Perinatal death rate has remained stable in time around 11,4%. Still births have increased particularly in weight classes between 1001 and 2000 g. Early newborn death rate has decreased in weight classes between 2001 and 2500 and over 4000 g. Asphyxia was the most frequent death cause in weight classes between 1501 and 2000 g and between 2501 and 4000 g. These data are similar to those found in british and swedish studies. The authors insist that every effort must be made to reduce not only perinatal death rate but also to prevent future handicaps. PMID- 6687302 TI - [Polyvalent miniaturized infrared laser (for section and coagulation)]. PMID- 6687303 TI - Transplantation of dopamine-containing tissues to the central nervous system. PMID- 6687304 TI - Early amnion rupture spectrum--a case report. PMID- 6687305 TI - Acute alterations of behavioral rhythms through classical conditioning. AB - A classical conditioning method was used to alter in acute fashion a discrete portion of the activity rhythm of squirrel monkeys living in social groups. Time of day was considered the unconditioned stimulus, while a previously neutral flashing light was used as the conditioned stimulus. When the CS was associated with an active period, its subsequent presentation during a quiet time of day resulted in significant increases in activity in conditioned subjects. This demonstration of the conditionability of daily activity patterns has important implications in both clinical and experimental settings. PMID- 6687306 TI - Hypertensive encephalopathy. AB - Hypertensive encephalopathy is examined in the context of an acute cerebral episode precipitated by sudden, severe hypertension. Since it is a medical emergency and responds to prompt and vigorous treatment, the author discusses its clinical manifestations, diagnosis, pathology, pathogenesis, and treatment. PMID- 6687307 TI - Cytogenetic findings in 311 couples with infertility and reproductive disorders. AB - Chromosome studies in married couples were performed in order to elucidate their infertility, spontaneous abortions and foetal wastage. Peripheral blood lymphocyte metaphases of 311 persons revealed chromosomal abnormalities in 26 married people. Chromosome aberrations found here were distributed among sex chromosome aneuploidy (complete and mosaic form), structural anomalies of the Y chromosome, autosomal chromosome aneuploidy (mosaic form), and balanced autosomal translocations (complete and mosaic forms). Chromosomal structural variants were observed in chromosome A-1 (1qh +) in one person and in acrocentric chromosomes in 21 persons. They consisted mainly in elongated secondary constriction (NOR) and in large or very large satellites. The acrocentric association frequencies per metaphase were strongly increased in a group of probands carrying acrocentric variants. Their significance awaits further study. PMID- 6687308 TI - Clinico-genetic study of so-called borderline case. PMID- 6687309 TI - [Reaction of neurons in the arcuate hypothalamic area to the microiontophoretic application of serotonin at different stages of the estrous cycle in rats]. AB - Among the neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate area, the center of tonic regulation of gonadotropic function, prevailed those with activating response to serotonin at the dioestrus-2 stage of the oestrus cycle, particularly in the morning hours. During prooestrus, an increased number of neurons with inhibitory responses was found, especially during evening hours. Serotonin induced a decrease in the amount of luteinizing hormone in the blood which was usually combined with an activating action of the indolamine on the neuronal activity. The combination of the neurotransmitter inhibitory effect on the spontaneous neuronal activity in the arcuate nucleus with the decrease of amount of the luteinizing hormone in the blood was mostly observed at the prooestrus stage only. PMID- 6687310 TI - Effects of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia on Token Test performance of six-year-old children. AB - Token Test (TT) performance was investigated of 100 6-yr-old children who had had hyperbilirubinemia as infants. Half these Ss had been given phototherapy for that condition, half had not. Group data revealed that both subgroups performed significantly below the normed average on those sections of the TT that place the heaviest load on short-term auditory verbal memory. Ss who had not been given phototherapy outperformed those who had been given the light treatment. The TT even in abbreviated form (only 15 commands) was a useful tool in identifying short-term memory difficulties in this population. Poor short-term memory performance may predispose these children to difficulties in listening comprehension later in life. PMID- 6687311 TI - Mechanism of action of praziquantel on the eggs of Schistosoma japonicum. AB - The mode of action of praziquantel on Schistosoma japonicum eggs was examined in mice and in vitro. In a long term oogram observation of mouse intestine, lasting from 1 to 56 days after oral administration of 100 mg/kg 4 times in one day, many empty egg shells were observed from the next day. Immature eggs, however, were not killed, but developed into miracidia that later degenerated into granulated and calcified eggs. In the oograms of mouse, from 5 to 240 minutes after a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg of praziquantel, miracidium hatching occurred 5 minutes in the tissues after treatment. In the in vitro experiment, miracidia in eggs from cut pieces of intestine began to hatch starting 5 minutes after exposure to praziquantel at least at a concentration of 1 ng/ml and reached maximum hatching at 30 minutes and died in several minutes after hatching. PMID- 6687312 TI - Treatment of ovarian cyst in swine by intramuscular injection with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue. AB - The diagnosis of ovarian cyst was made in 53 anestrous sows, which were treated experimentally with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LH-RH-A). Each sow was injected intramuscularly with 200, 400, or 500 micrograms one to five times. She was examined by rectal palpation in the course of treatment. The blood levels of estrogen and progesterone were estimated in three of the treated sows. From changes in them was followed the process of healing of ovarian cyst. As a result, (1) the interval between the beginning of treatment and the appearance of estrus was 26.9 days on the average, the rate of appearance of estrus 60.4%, that of healing of ovarian cyst 71.6%, that of conception 70.2%, and the number of young of a littler 9.0 on the average. (2) In the three sows subjected to estimation, the blood progesterone concentration increased after injection with LH-RH-A to reach almost the same level as that estimated in the corpus-luteum stage. The time of increase after injection was almost identical with the time when the luteinization of ovarian cyst was found by palpation. In a sow which manifested normal estrus, no ovulation took place, but a cyst was formed in the ovary and the blood estrogen concentration maintained at a high level for 10 days after the beginning of estrus. PMID- 6687314 TI - [Use of cytologic examination based on needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of breast pathology]. AB - The authors point out the cytologic test on needle-aspiration report is a method phich, although complementary to clinical examination and mammography, results to be extremely valid and useful for diagnostical purposes and a correct therapeutical programming; they describe the set of instruments and technique they adopted, and point out its easy execution and complete absence of risks. Then, they illustrate the cases they studied, including 86 patient women with both benign and malignant breast pathology, in whom an aspiration biopsy was performed. On the basis of the results obtained, they, as a conclusion, assert the cytologic test with needle-aspiration, although burdened by a fair quantity of false negatives, deserves, for its quick and simple execution, to be included in the breast diagnostical routine, yet without replacing the classic interoperative biopsy for doubtful cases. PMID- 6687313 TI - [Ovarian carcinoma: surgery and polychemotherapy with cisplatin. Considerations on a clinical case]. AB - The authors report their experience about a polychemotherapeutical treatment with CDDP in a woman bearer of 4th stage ovarian cancer. They shortly analyse the biologic features and acting mechanism of CDDP, and outline its indications and limits. The thorough regression observed in the case treated is related to the literature data pointing out the validity of this drug and its usefulness in particular neoplasiae and in carefully selected patients. PMID- 6687315 TI - Neonatal resuscitation. AB - The long-term outcome of infants subjected to perinatal asphyxia can be improved if they are recognized as high risk before birth and managed so as to reduce the period of hypoxemia to a minimum. Prompt and effective resuscitation of asphyxiated infants at the time of birth can contribute much to improving the long-term outcome of these infants. PMID- 6687316 TI - Diethylpyrocarbonate, a histidine selective reagent, inhibits progestin binding to chick oviduct cytosol. AB - In this report we describe experiments showing that diethylpyrocarbonate, a histidine selective reagent, inhibits progestin binding to the chick oviduct progesterone receptor. Because this inhibition is reversed by hydroxylamine, we suggest that the chick oviduct progesterone receptor contains one or more histidine residues that regulate progestin binding. We also find that the progestin R5020 protects the progesterone receptor from diethylpyrocarbonate mediated inhibition of progestin binding. From this we infer that the progestin binding site contains a histidine residue(s) important for progesterone binding to its receptor in chick oviduct. PMID- 6687317 TI - [Angiosarcoma of the heart. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6687318 TI - [Maternal lactation as a method of contraception? 1. The epidemiology of maternal lactation in a suburban region of Tunis]. PMID- 6687320 TI - [Longitudinal study of a group of 56 infants with a birth weight of less than 1500 gms: mortality and neurological sequelae in relation to progress in intensive care technics]. AB - 56 very low-birth-weight (less than or equal to 1500 gm) infants were admitted in our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between january 1978 and december 1981. Mortality of these infants in the first year of life decreased from 50% in 1978 to 32% in 1981. Our study confirms that mortality is significantly higher in transported infants. As to those born in our Hospital, mortality is markedly higher for breech delivery than for cephalic delivery or caesarian section. The amelioration of intensive care techniques, i.e. continuous transcutaneous PaO2 monitoring, orotracheal intubation at birth and improved respiratory care, markedly reduced the percentage of children with neuromotor pathology (from 43% in 1978 to 0% in 1981 in 16 survivors). Neurological follow-up was performed by serial controls until at least 2 years of age; Apgar scores and blood gas values are reported along with follow-up results to evaluate prognostic significance. Duration of orotracheal intubation, isolette requirement and feeding schedules are briefly discussed. PMID- 6687319 TI - Effect of the purified unsaponifiable fraction of soybean on primary type II hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - We evaluated the large dose effect of the purified unsaponifiable fraction of soybean (PUFS) given over 24 weeks to 19 patients with primary types IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinemia. The percent reduction of plasma cholesterol in types IIa and IIb were 13.2% and 11.5%, respectively. PUFS significantly reduced LDL cholesterol levels, but had little affect on VLDL or HDL cholesterol. The triglyceride/cholesterol ratio in HDL fraction was also significantly reduced, suggesting that PUFS plays a role in the catabolism of HDL. PUFS contained tocopherol and unsaturated fatty acid. The relative impact of the individual components could not be assessed directly, however, it seemed reasonable to conclude that the hypo-cholesterolemic effect of PUFS results from a summation effect of plant sterols, tocopherols and unsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 6687321 TI - Wilson's disease in one identical twin and treatment by triethylene tetramine 2HCl in another case. PMID- 6687322 TI - Identical twins discordant for S.L.E. AB - In two identical twins, one developed dermatomyositis and the other systemic lupus erythematosus. The presence of different connective tissue diseases in identical twins might support the theory that one or more genes underly a basic predisposition to developing autoimmune responses, while other genes or environmental factors may influence the expression of a specific disease category. PMID- 6687324 TI - [Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring of angina pectoris patients with normal coronary arteries and a positive exercise test]. PMID- 6687323 TI - [Correlation between 12-hour and 24-hour urinary excretion of estriol in healthy pregnant women]. PMID- 6687325 TI - [Normal profile of the Holter dynamic electrocardiogram. Preliminary report on a group of 80 young healthy subjects]. PMID- 6687326 TI - [Serial measurements of C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of the postpericardiotomy syndrome]. PMID- 6687327 TI - [Congenital atrioventricular block in children and young adults: prognostic aspects]. PMID- 6687328 TI - [Phonometric study of the 1st heart sound in mitral stenosis]. PMID- 6687329 TI - [Correlations between the ergometric and follow-up parameters in 409 infarct patients]. PMID- 6687330 TI - [Preliminary research on the use of a computerized physical model for studying the principle parameters of cardiac function]. PMID- 6687331 TI - Experimental evaluation of antiarrhythmic drugs efficacy. PMID- 6687333 TI - Long-term antiarrhythmic treatment guided by programmed stimulation. PMID- 6687332 TI - Problems of antiarrhythmic treatment in children. PMID- 6687334 TI - Utilization of ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and exercise stress testing to assess antiarrhythmic drug efficacy. PMID- 6687335 TI - [Urethroplasty. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6687336 TI - Multiple endocrine abnormalities in Basenji dogs with renal tubular dysfunction. AB - Three Basenji dogs with renal tubular dysfunction were studied. Hyposthenuria and diminished urine concentrating ability, indicative of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, were documented. Metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremia, and reduction in glomerular filtration rate also were detected in all dogs. In addition, an exaggerated response to the adrenocorticotropin test and hyperaldosteronism, believed to be secondary to decreased effective circulating blood volume, were detected in all 3 dogs. Thyroxine values were decreased in all dogs and could be correlated with histopathologic changes of the thyroid gland in 2 dogs. Gastropathy and hypergastrinemia were identified in 2 dogs. Diffuse lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis was evident in 2 dogs. It was concluded that a urine concentrating defect that may be secondary to hypercortisolism exists in Basenji dogs with renal tubular dysfunction. PMID- 6687337 TI - Two distinct mechanisms of cytotoxicity by porcine alveolar macrophages in antibody-dependent and immobilized immune complex-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AB - The mechanisms of cytotoxicity by porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) involved in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and immobilized immune complex-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (IIC-DCC) were investigated. The results indicate that IIC-DCC was inhibited by both catalase and thioglycollate broth whereas these peroxide scavengers had no effect on ADCC in an 18-hr chromium-release assay. Furthermore, it was found that when the PAM and red blood cell targets were cross-linked with PHA, catalase still completely eliminated IIC DCC and had no effect on ADCC, which suggests that catalase is able to penetrate the lytic site when the effector and targets are cross-linked as in ADCC. The presence of cytochalasin B, which inhibits internalization of immune complexes by PAM and presumably prevents intracellular killing, also had no effect on the differential susceptibility of IIC-DCC and ADCC to catalase. Finally, it is shown that the nonspecific cytotoxicity generated by exposing PAM to immune complexes in suspension in conjunction with cytochalasin B, so that the immune complex bound Fc receptor (FcR) cannot be internalized, also was susceptible to catalase. These data show that the lytic mechanism involved in the nonspecific cytotoxicity generated by exposing PAM to immobilized immune complexes or immune complexes in suspension in conjunction with cytochalasin B, both of which prevent the internalization of immune complex-bound FcR, is mediated solely by peroxide whereas the lytic mechanism involved in ADCC operates, at least partially, through a peroxide-independent mechanism. PMID- 6687338 TI - [Experimental studies on the effect of the administration of oxygen into the pericardial cavity in acute myocardial ischemia]. AB - Artificial myocardial ischaemia caused by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was treated in minipigs by the application of oxygen into the pericardial cavity. The results show that in this way acute myocardial ischaemia may be reduced. The application of oxygen into the pericardial cavity brought about, within 15 min, an improvement in the haemodynamic parameters. Several electrolytes, which were estimated from the blood of the sinus venosus, returned to normal. PMID- 6687339 TI - Protrusio acetabuli: radiographic appearance in arthritis and other conditions. AB - Normal radiographic anatomic relationships, as well as distortion of those relationships in protrusio acetabuli, have been described. The occurrence of this deformity in arthropathies is stressed and other entities are mentioned and illustrated. Standard anteroposterior hip or pelvis radiographs readily permit the detection of protrusio acetabuli. PMID- 6687340 TI - Immobilized-metal affinity chromatography of serum proteins on gel-immobilized group III A metal ions. AB - A chromatographic adsorbent (TED-Sepharose) capable of chelating various di- and trivalent metal ions was prepared by introducing tris(carboxymethyl)ethylenediamine into agarose. This gel was charged with Al3+, Ga3+, In3+, and Tl3+ to form immobilized-metal affinity adsorbents, and their adsorption behavior toward serum proteins at various pH values was studied. At low pH, these adsorbents behave as ion exchangers. At pH 7 and above, their adsorption behavior shows a high degree of selectivity but with varying affinity profiles for serum proteins. The adsorbents based on Al3+ and Ga3+ thus have negligible affinity for proteins at pH 7.6, whereas that based on In3+ exhibits a low but significantly higher affinity for proteins compared to the previous two. On the other hand, the Tl3+-based adsorbent showed a much higher capacity to adsorb serum proteins. Selective fractionation by affinity elution of human serum proteins adsorbed to an immobilized Tl3+ is also presented. PMID- 6687342 TI - [Effect of splenin on the development of experimental inflammation in rats]. PMID- 6687343 TI - [Use of clonidine in the treatment of morphine withdrawal syndrome: neuropharmacological bases and clinical application]. PMID- 6687341 TI - Prevention of cigarette smoking: three-year follow-up of an education program for youth. AB - We reported previously on the success of an innovative approach to cigarette smoking prevention in seventh-grade students. The present report describes a 3 year follow-up of three schools and 1081 students initially involved in the research program. The curriculum emphasizes the short-term influences which affect smoking in youth, particularly social and peer influences. In the school which received this curriculum from like-aged peer leaders, the incidence of smoking remained low compared to that in a control school. Those who did smoke in this school consumed significantly fewer cigarettes. In the school where the curriculum was adult taught, smoking rates were initially lower but rose in the later years, ultimately differing little from those in the control school. Reported smoking behavior was confirmed by saliva thiocyanate measurement in all students. Cigarette smoking behavior appears significantly inhibited by a peer taught curriculum and that effect is retained for several years after the education program. PMID- 6687344 TI - Serial analyses of serum vitamin D-binding protein in preterm infants from birth to postconceptual maturity. AB - Serial measurements of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) were made in 28 infants of 29.7 +/- 2 weeks gestation and 1162 +/- 344 g birthweight. Mean (+/- SD) values (micrograms per ml) were: cord, 375 +/- 97; 1 week, 396 +/- 82; 3 weeks, 382 +/- 67; 6 weeks, 393 +/- 78; 9 weeks, 372 +/- 120; and 12 weeks, 490 +/- 130. At 12 weeks of age (40-42 weeks postconceptual age), DBP, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), calcium, phosphorus, copper, and albumin were all significantly increased (by paired t test). At this point, but not earlier, DBP was correlated with 25OHD (r = 0.69; P less than 0.01) and phosphorus (r = 0.49; P less than 0.05), and 25OHD was correlated with phosphorus (r = 0.48; P less than 0.05) and calcium (r = 0.44; P less than 0.05). This may represent a concomitant maturation of the liver's protein synthetic abilities and the absorption and/or 25-hydroxylation in the liver of the parent vitamin D. PMID- 6687345 TI - Agranulocytosis associated with antithyroid drugs. Effects of patient age and drug dose. AB - The records of all patients with antithyroid drug-related agranulocytosis at two Boston hospitals (Group 1, 14 patients), as well as the published case reports of 36 patients with this syndrome (Group 2) were reviewed. The clinical characteristics of these patients were then compared with those of 50 hyperthyroid patients who had taken antithyroid medication without untoward hematologic reactions (Group 3). The mean ages of patients in Group 1 and Group 2 were significantly greater than that of Group 3 (50.6 +/- 16 years versus 35.7 +/ 13.7 years, p less than 0.001; 46.3 +/- 18.7 years versus 35.7 +/-- 13.7 years, p less than 0.02). By chi-square analysis, the relative risk of developing agranulocytosis in patients over age 40 was 6.4 times that among younger patients (p less than 0.001). The mean doses of methimazole in Group 1 and Group 2 were significantly higher than that in Group 3 (43.8 +/- 9.9 mg/d versus 29.5 +/- 10.4 mg/d, p less than 0.001; 40.7 +/- 15.7 mg/d versus 29.5 +/- 10.4 mg/d, p less than 0.02), with and 8.6-fold increased risk of agranulocytosis with doses greater than 40 mg/d (p less than 0.01). In contrast, the mean doses of propylthiouracil did not differ among the three groups. These data suggest that antithyroid drugs should be administered cautiously to patients over age 40. Because no cases of agranulocytosis were seen with methimazole doses less than 30 mg/d, low-dose methimazole therapy may be safer than high-dose therapy or treatment with conventional doses of propylthiouracil. PMID- 6687346 TI - Flow cytometry. AB - Flow cytometry (FCM) allows the rapid measurement of a variety of physical and biochemical properties of individual cells suspended in a liquid medium. Recent developments now allow FCM to assess cellular properties with a speed and precision unobtainable by any other means. Because of its multiple capabilities, FCM is being used for ever greater numbers of applications, in both basic and applied biology, and its expected soon to be widely used in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 6687347 TI - The density of muscularized pulmonary arteries in normal lungs: a morphometric study. AB - In a series of 24 subjects who ranged in age from 2.5 months to 50 years and who were not suffering from cardiac or pulmonary disease, the density of muscularized pulmonary arteries was established in relation to their diameter. The number of arteries per unit area of lung tissue was corrected to account for various states of lung expansion of or collapse. The density of pulmonary arteries decreased rapidly during the first few years of life, then more gradually during the first two decades of life. Concomitantly, the diameter of the smallest muscularized arterial branches increased with age. These findings indicate that, even after completed development of lung tissue, there is a retraction of media in the sense that small arterioles lose their media, a process that continues until early adulthood. The values thus obtained may serve as a standard for comparison when the pulmonary arterial density is studied in cases of pulmonary hypertension in which it reportedly is greatly diminished. PMID- 6687348 TI - Density of muscularized arteries in the lung: Its role in congenital heart disease and its clinical significance. AB - Pulmonary arteries were counted per surface area of lung sections, with a correction for the degree of lung collapse, in 31 subjects who had congenital cardiac defects and pulmonary hypertension. Arterial diameters were also established, as were the degrees of any pulmonary vascular lesions. In comparison with control cases, the density of the smallest muscularized arterioles was significantly increased in those subjects without advanced pulmonary vascular disease. With increasing intimal fibrosis, the number of small arteries decreased. In the presence of severe alterations (eg, plexiform lesions), the numbers were distinctly reduced. The density of arteries larger than 100 micrometer in diameter was hardly affected, independent of the severity of vascular changes. Our results indicate that congenital underdevelopment of the pulmonary arterial tree is uncommon and certainly not the rule in cases of congenital cardiac defects. PMID- 6687349 TI - Anomalies of the left atrium and mitral valve: cords, flaps, and duplication of valve. AB - We studied seven hearts with abnormalities of the atrial septum of the mitral valve. Three had abnormalities of the atrial septum, characterized by a flap or a diaphragm within the left atrium. Another three cases had abnormal cords extending from the atrial septum to the anterior or the posterior mitral leaflets. A seventh case had a duplicated mitral valve. Grossly, the specific conditions among these seven hearts appeared very different: however, we believe that the origin of each anomaly can be explained by one of three developmental aberrations or a combination thereof. Although only one case was associated with severe cardiac disease, such structures may be seen during cardiac imaging or operation. PMID- 6687350 TI - Parathyroid amyloidosis in the heroin addict. PMID- 6687353 TI - Resident's view of the autopsy. PMID- 6687351 TI - Benign cystic teratoma of the fallopian tube. PMID- 6687352 TI - Von Hippel-Lindau disease and neurogenous tumors. PMID- 6687355 TI - [Immunogenic and non-immunogenic hyperthyroidism: attempts at a clinical differentiation]. AB - In a retrospective study, 326 cases of thyroid hyperfunction but no scintigraphic demonstration of autonomous adenoma, were on the basis of certain primary and secondary criteria grouped as probably immunogenic or probably non-immunogenic hyperthyroid. Primary criteria were hormonal orbital signs and occurrence of thyroid antibodies. Secondary criteria concerned age, presence or absence of goitre and nodular goitre, scintigraphically silent areas and iodine contamination in relation to the onset of the disease. There was a significant difference between immunogenic and non-immunogenic hyperthyroidism by these criteria. In non-immunogenic hyperthyroidism, it is probable that suddenly raised iodine intake plays an important role in the initiation of hyperthyroid metabolic states. This was demonstrable in 82% of these patients, while in those with probably immunogenic hyperthyroidism iodine contamination (at 16%) seemed to be of less significance. PMID- 6687354 TI - Thromboxane synthesis by sources other than platelets in association with complement-induced pulmonary leukostasis and pulmonary hypertension in sheep. AB - Infusion into sheep of plasma containing zymosan-activated complement produces leukopenia, pulmonary leukostasis, and pulmonary artery hypertension. We previously demonstrated a close relationship between the pulmonary vascular response and elevations of plasma thromboxane. We have investigated the source of thromboxane synthesis in this model. Plasma containing zymosan-activated complement added to whole blood did not stimulate thromboxane synthesis. This observation suggested that leukocytes do not synthesize thromboxane directly in response to complement added to whole blood did not stimulate thromboxane synthesis. This observation suggested that leukocytes do not synthesize thromboxane directly in response to complement. Sheep rendered severely thrombocytopenic by the administration of antiplatelet serum responded to complement infusion in the usual way. Pretreatment with aspirin (10 mg/kg) protected sheep against the pulmonary vascular response and completely blocked thromboxane synthesis. Transfusion of functional platelets did not restore these responses. Twenty-four hours after aspirin treatment, in vivo thromboxane synthesis was significantly greater than platelet thromboxane synthesis in vitro. Thromboxane is synthesized by a tissue which recovers cyclooxygenase enzyme activity at a rate that is more rapid than platelet turnover. Sheep lung synthesizes thromboxane actively in vitro. It is postulated that leukocytes exposed to activated complement components damage pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and stimulate synthesis of thromboxane A2 which causes pulmonary vasoconstriction. PMID- 6687357 TI - Partial purification and characterization of myosin light chain kinase from bovine thyroid gland. AB - Myosin light chain kinase has been purified approximately 1700-fold from bovine thyroid gland, using Affigel blue column chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation (0-60% saturation), Sepharose 6B gel filtration, and calmodulin Sepharose affinity column chromatography. This partially purified kinase was Ca2+ and calmodulin dependent for its activity and specifically phosphorylated the 20,000-dalton light chain of chicken gizzard myosin. At higher CaCl2 concentration, thyroid myosin light chain kinase demonstrated a novel inhibition in the presence of calmodulin. The mechanism of this Ca2+-dependent inhibition is not clear at present. The existence of myosin light chain kinase in thyroid gland provides additional support for the role of the contractile system in the secretion of thyroid hormones. PMID- 6687356 TI - Parathyroid hormone messenger ribonucleic acid: effects of calcium on cellular regulation in vitro. AB - The effects of changes in the concentration of extracellular calcium the principal regulatory of PTH secretion, on the cellular levels of the mRNA encoding prepro-PTH, a precursor of PTH, were studied in bovine parathyroid slices in vitro using a sensitive radiodensitometric cDNA hybridization assay and mRNA translation in a wheat germ cell-free system. Although lowering the calcium from 5 to 0.5 mM during 5- to 70-h incubations stimulated the secretion of PTH 4- to 8-fold and pro-PTH synthesis 1.4-fold, the cellular levels of total hybridizable PTH mRNA did not change. However, a 2- to 3-fold increase in PTH mRNA, which could be hybridized to oligo-dT-cellulose [poly(A)-rich], was observed in the slices incubated in 5 mM calcium (suppressed slices). The poly(A) rich PTH mRNA constituted 30% of the total PTH mRNA in suppressed gland slices and 10% of the total PTH mRNA in stimulated gland slices. PTH mRNA did not decay measurably when RNA synthesis in the gland slices was inhibited with actinomycin D and alpha-amanitin for 6 h. Both the stability and the lack of perturbation of the cellular levels of total of total hybridizable PTH mRNA by changes in the concentration of extracellular calcium suggest that the short term regulation of PTH biosynthesis involves posttranscriptional mechanisms. PMID- 6687358 TI - Adaptive response of humans to changes in dietary calcium: relationship between vitamin D regulated intestinal function and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. PMID- 6687359 TI - A familial visceral myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia and autosomal recessive transmission. AB - A new visceral myopathy family was identified. The disease in this family is transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene. Only 3 patients were identified from approximately 1500 family members. All 3 patients are the products of intermarriage. The patients had gastric atony, dilatation of the entire small bowel, and multiple diverticula throughout. Pathology of the jejunum showed fibrosis and degeneration, mainly of the longitudinal muscle layer, indistinguishable from that of previously reported families. Two of the patients also had ptosis and external ophthalmoplegia. Jejunal manometric studies were performed on the proband's asymptomatic mother and five siblings. All had normal esophageal manometric studies and upper gastrointestinal x-rays. The mother and three siblings had abnormal jejunal manometric studies characterized by the absence of phase 1 in some of the migrating motor complexes and increased motility indices in phase 2. We conclude that familial visceral myopathy can be transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene, and that jejunal manometry is a sensitive technique to identify asymptomatic heterozygotes. PMID- 6687360 TI - Membrane association of the carbon monoxide oxidation system in Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa. AB - A comparison of the distribution of CO oxidation activity between soluble and particulate protein fractions obtained after disruption of CO-grown Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa 1 by French pressure cell breakage and osmotic lysis of spheroplasts suggested that, in situ, the enzyme complex was associated with the cell membrane. An improved, strictly anaerobic method is given for spectrophotometric measurement of CO oxidation activity based on the carbon monoxide:methyl viologen oxidoreductase reaction. PMID- 6687361 TI - Computer-generated graphic evaluation of nutritional status in critically injured patients. PMID- 6687362 TI - Erythroid colony development as a function of age: the role of marrow cellular heme. AB - The activities of the heme biosynthetic enzymes ALA synthase (ALAS) and ALA dehydrase (ALAD) and the heme degradative enzyme heme oxygenase were analyzed from bone marrow cells obtained from young, middle-aged, and senescent rats. There was age-related reduced activity of bone marrow ALAS but no age-related difference in the activity of ALAD. In contrast, heme oxygenase activity was 50% greater in the senescent marrow cells. Incorporation of 14C-glycine into heme was 45% less in senescent rat marrow cells, whereas incorporation of 14C-delta aminolevulinic acid was not related to age. Senescent bone marrow cells demonstrated a marked reduction in 14C-leucine and 3H-uridine incorporated into protein and nucleic acid synthesis, respectively. In vitro erythroid colony (CFUE) growth by senescent bone marrow cells was as much as 40% less compared with young bone marrow cells. The decreased ability to form CFUE by the senescent bone marrow cells may be related to reduced ALAS activity and increased heme oxygenase activity. Thus, part of the aging process appears to involve fluctuations in the enzyme activities and protein synthesis involved with metabolism of heme. PMID- 6687363 TI - Medical information science. A joint endeavor. PMID- 6687365 TI - Multiple sclerosis and autoimmune diseases. PMID- 6687364 TI - Human muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. AB - Muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity was studied in 70 patients with different neuromuscular disorders. Children had higher total PDHC and lipoamide dehydrogenase (LAD) activities than adults. There were no significant differences in muscle PDHC activity in patients with Friedreich ataxia, patients with other ataxias, or age-matched controls. Kinetic analysis of LAD showed no differences in Km for lipoamide between Friedreich ataxia patients and controls. PMID- 6687366 TI - Development of blind infants and children with retrolental fibroplasia: implications for physicians. AB - Despite an apparent increase in the incidence of retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) and renewed interest in its pathophysiology and prevention, clinicians are often ill prepared to help the family promote the optimal development of its blind or severely visually impaired child. The physician's management approach is molded by both knowledge about the effects of blindness and prematurity on subsequent development and attitudes about blindness. Both issues are reviewed, with particular focus on the developmental course of the infant or child who is blind due to RLF. Although the literature regarding developmental outcome of premature infants with RLF has failed to reach definitive conclusions, studies reveal a tendency toward an IQ distribution similar to or slightly lower than that of various control samples. Blind children with RLF may also be at increased risk for emotional problems, largely as a function of early maladaptive family interaction patterns. Implications of these and other developmental patterns are translated into general and specific interventions that neonatologists, ophthalmologists, and primary care physicians can facilitate. Such physician guidance can help assure the blind or severely visually impaired child's optimal cognitive and emotional development. PMID- 6687367 TI - Committee on Nutrition. Toward a prudent diet for children. PMID- 6687368 TI - Lateral ral C1-2 puncture for cervical myelography. Part I: Report of a complication. PMID- 6687370 TI - Lateral C1-2 puncture for cervical myelography. Part III: Historical, anatomic, and technical considerations. AB - Three significantly different lateral approaches to the cervical subarachnoid space (anterior, midplane, and posterior needle positions) have been previously described for cordotomy and myelography. Experimental lateral C1-2 punctures were performed by each of these three methods in anatomic specimens, cadaver models with reconstituted cerebrospinal fluid pressures, a patient with cerebral death, and to a limited degree in patients undergoing routine cervical myelography. In the cervical region the dura is pushed ahead of the needle, forming a "tent" over the needle tip during C1-2 puncture; the needle projects several millimeters into the spinal canal before penetrating the dura, regardless of the method of entry or needle diameter. The extent of this tenting phenomenon and its relationship to the spinal cord are significantly affected by the needle diameter and position. A posterior technique for lateral C1-2 puncture is described. PMID- 6687369 TI - Lateral C1-2 puncture for cervical myelography. Part II: Recognition of improper injection of contrast material. AB - The interpretation of cervical metrizamide myelography requires specific anatomic considerations, particularly when the lateral C1-2 puncture technique is employed. Fresh unfixed cervical spine specimens were injected with a mixture of metrizamide and methylene blue. Radiologic examinations of these specimens were compared with a retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive unselected cervical myelograms obtained by lateral C1-2 puncture during the years 1979-1980. Epidural, subdural, subpial, dentate ligament, and spinal cord injections may be encountered when the lateral C1-2 puncture for myelography is employed; possible artifacts from such injection are discussed. PMID- 6687371 TI - Cotton dust standard. PMID- 6687372 TI - Amniotic fluid lecithin, phosphatidylglycerol, L/S ratio, and foam stability test in predicting respiratory distress in the newborn. AB - Amniotic fluid phospholipids (lecithin, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylglycerol) were extracted and separated by the method of Gluck and associates. In addition, these lipids were quantified against standards that were concurrently developed in three adjacent thin layer chromatography (TLC) channels. A log-log transformation of the reflectance and concentration values provided rectilinear plots for quantification. A foam stability assay (FS) of 0.48 or greater was associated with high values of L/S ratio and lecithin concentration, and values of 0.44 or less almost always were associated with low values. Lecithin values of 12 micrograms/mL or more were associated with L/ S ratios of 2.0 or greater. Phosphatidylglycerol was detected consistently only when lecithin levels were 40 micrograms/mL or greater and L/S ratios 4.0 or greater. Case reviews indicated that: (1) FS test of 0.48 almost always was associated with pulmonary maturity in the newborn; (2) that a pulmonary maturity index combining the lecithin concentration and L/S ratio was a better predictor of pulmonary maturity in the newborn then either one alone; (3) that phosphatidylglycerol added little to this discrimination; and (4) that these assays showed no significant interpretative differences between diabetic and non-diabetic mothers. PMID- 6687374 TI - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the adult. AB - We describe 3 patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome that eventuated in a pathologic picture of honeycomb lung and a radiographic picture of variably cystic lung super-imposed on a background of diffuse alveolar infiltrates. All 3 patients had been treated with unusually high pressures of PEEP as well as high concentrations of oxygen for long periods of time (3 to 7 wk). Microscopically, the cystic structures in our patients appeared to be derived from collapse and fibrosis of the alveolar parenchyma with dilatation of the alveolar ducts. We suggest that this process is morphologically and radiographically similar to bronchopulmonary dysplasia as seen in the newborn. PMID- 6687373 TI - Chemical alteration of cervical mucus by electrolytes. AB - Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis have been used, together with conventional light microscopy and sperm penetration tests, to evaluate the alteration of cervical mucus composition and properties during the menstrual cycle and subsequent to exposure of cervical mucus to electrolytes in vitro and in vivo. Alteration of the electrolyte content of cervical mucus appears to offer a means for the predictable control of cervical properties and penetrability by sperm. This method may have clinical application in both reduction and enhancement of fertility in the human. PMID- 6687375 TI - In vitro degradation of atracurium in human plasma. PMID- 6687376 TI - Medicare cards for tracing sexually transmitted diseases? PMID- 6687377 TI - Multimodal treatment of locoregionally advanced breast cancer. AB - Fifty-two patients with locally advanced primary breast cancer (T3, T4/N2, N3) without distant metastases were treated with three cycles of combination chemotherapy consisting of 5-FU, Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (FAC) and immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) followed by local therapy (simple mastectomy and/or radiotherapy to breast/chest wall and regional lymphatics) and adjuvant chemotherapy to complete two years of treatment. Forty nine of 52 (94%) patients were rendered free of clinically detectable disease. The median disease-free interval was 24 months. At a median follow-up time of 60 months, 40% of patients remained free of disease, off all therapy. Those patients who completed two years of therapy and started adjuvant chemotherapy promptly after local treatment had a 48% disease-free survival at five years. Local recurrences were observed in 21% of patients. Distant metastases developed in 40% of patients. Despite good tolerance, treatment compliance was poor. The complete remission rate with this multimodal approach is high and long-term disease-free survival is achieved in a considerable number of patients. PMID- 6687379 TI - An evaluation of long-term survival and treatment complications in children with Hodgkin's disease. AB - Between April 1969 and July 1977, 83 patients, 16 years or younger, with pathologically staged IA-IIIB Hodgkin's disease were seen and treated at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy. The five-year actuarial relapse-free and overall survivals were 82 and 95%, respectively, with a median follow-up from diagnosis of 65 months. Relapse occurred in 6/50 Stage IA-IIA, 2/9 Stage IIB, 4/9 Stage IIIA, and 3/15 Stage IIIB patients. Of patients who relapsed, 11/15 are currently disease-free following retreatment with chemotherapy. Nine patients with Stage IV disease were also evaluated. Four of seven patients initially treated with chemotherapy remain free of disease. Forty-two patients in this study were treated with mantle and para-aortic irradiation alone, thus avoiding the risk of sterility associated with pelvic irradiation or MOPP chemotherapy while retaining a high probability for long-term disease-free survival. Complications of radiation therapy included growth retardation and thyroid function abnormalities in some patients. Standing height measurements were normal regardless of age at initial treatment, however, 16 of 23 patients 3-12 years old at initial treatment had sitting heights measuring more than one standard deviation below the mean. Intraclavicular distances were shortened in some patients and examples are shown. Thyroid stimulating hormone levels were elevated in 21 of 37 patients evaluated. Radiation therapy, without adjuvant chemotherapy remains an important treatment approach for children with early stage Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6687378 TI - Endocrine consequences of CMF adjuvant therapy in premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer patients. AB - The effect of CMF adjuvant therapy (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5 fluorouracil) on endocrine function was investigated in breast cancer patients. CMF therapy resulted in suppression of ovarian function in some premenopausal patients but pituitary function and adrenal function were unaffected. There was an inverse relation between age and duration of treatment required to induce ovarian suppression. Although amenorrhea was achieved within 2-4 months in patients aged 40 years or older, younger women required larger cumulative doses of cytotoxic drugs to induce ovarian dysfunction. Patients younger than 30 years of age continued to menstruate with no major alteration in hormonal levels resulting from the cytotoxic drugs. CMF therapy had no significant effect on hormonal levels in postmenopausal patients indicating that in this group therapeutic response is not mediated via the endocrine system. PMID- 6687380 TI - Fluorometric procedure for determining "lamellar body" phospholipids in the particulate fraction of amniotic fluid after filtration. AB - A rapid (30-min) semiautomated continuous-flow procedure is described for use in assessing the phospholipids of the particulate ("lamellar body") fraction of human amniotic fluid. The method is based on measuring the difference in fluorescence of 1,6,-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene added to amniotic fluid before and after micropore filtration. The filtration step removes "lamellar body" particles, which are considered to contain the fetal lung surfactant. The phospholipid values for the filtered particles are independent of background fluorescence, which increases when amniotic fluid is contaminated by bilirubin pigments or blood components. Over a wide range (3-150 mumols/L) the fluorescence increases linearly with the phospholipid concentration of the amniotic fluid. There is a good agreement between the value for particulate "lamellar body" phospholipid, the ratio of the "lamellar body" phospholipids to total amniotic fluid phospholipids, and the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. PMID- 6687381 TI - Dietary phosphate deprivation increases 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D3 synthesis in rat kidney in vitro. AB - A sensitive radioreceptor assay has been used to measure in vitro 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) synthesis in vitamin D-replete rats. Incubation of kidney cortical slices with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 produced a product which co-migrated on high performance liquid chromatography with authentic 1,25(OH)2D3 in two different solvent systems and displaced 1,25(OH)2D3 from its intestinal receptor. In addition, mass spectral analysis of the product produced a mass fragmentation consistent with that of authentic 1,25(OH)2D3. Endogenous renal cortical 1,25(OH)2D3 content in phosphate-deprived rats averaged 1.1 +/- 0.3 pmol/g (n = 11), which was significantly greater than the renal cortical 1,25(OH)2D3 content of age-matched rats eating a normal diet which averaged 0.44 +/- 0.21 pmol/g (n = 8, p less than 0.001). After incubation, net 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis in renal slices from phosphate-deprived rats averaged 51 pmol/g/h, about 13-fold greater than the mean of 3.8 pmol/g/h observed in renal slices from rats eating the normal diet. These results indicate that the elevated plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 levels observed in rats during dietary phosphate deprivation are due to increased renal synthesis of the hormone. PMID- 6687382 TI - Induction of calcium-binding protein before 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulation of duodenal calcium uptake. AB - Protein synthesis occurring before the onset of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25 (OH)2D3) stimulation of calcium uptake was examined in embryonic chick duodena by double label autoradiography. Duodena from 19-day-old embryos were cultured for 24 h. Duodena exposed to a saturating concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 during the last 2, 4, or 6 h were either cultured with [3H]leucine for the final 2 h or used for calcium uptake assays. Duodena not exposed to the hormone were either cultured with [14C]leucine for the final 2 h or used for calcium uptake assays. Calcium uptake by nonradiolabeled duodena was increased (p less than 0.05) only in tissues exposed to the hormone for 6 h. Tissue uptakes of [3H]leucine and [14C]leucine were identical and linear with time. Soluble proteins were extracted from 3H- and 14C-labeled tissues, mixed, and simultaneously resolved by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analysis of fluorographs and autoradiographs prepared from the double-labeled gels revealed a protein induced by 1,25-(OH)2D3 within 2 h of exposure to 1,25-(OH)2D3 and at lest 2 h before the calcium uptake response. The induced protein co-migrated with purified chick calcium-binding protein during two-dimensional electrophoresis. These results demonstrate that 1) this protein is the calcium-binding protein and 2) calcium binding protein is clearly synthesized in the embryonic duodenum before the calcium uptake response to 1,25-(OH)2D3 occurs. PMID- 6687383 TI - Molecular cloning of cDNA sequences for avian malic enzyme. Nutritional and hormonal regulation of malic enzyme mRNA levels in avian liver cells in vivo and in culture. AB - A double-stranded cDNA library constructed from the total poly(A+) RNA of goose uropygial gland was screened for recombinants containing sequences complementary to malic enzyme mRNA. Replicate arrays of 1400 colonies were hybridized independently with 32P-labeled cDNAs copied from two populations of hepatic RNA derived from tissues which differed by about 35-fold with respect to the relative synthesis of malic enzyme. Forty-eight of the colonies which gave differential signals were further screened by hybrid-selected translation. DNA from one of these contained an insert of 970 base pairs and selected an mRNA which directed the synthesis of malic enzyme in a cell-free system. The malic enzyme sequences were subcloned into the single-stranded bacteriophage M13mp8. The subclones were used to prepare 32P-labeled single-stranded hybridization probe. Northern analysis indicated that malic enzyme mRNA from both goose and chicken is about 2100 bases in length. Hepatic malic enzyme mRNA concentration is stimulated 30- to 50-fold or more when neonatal chicks or goslings, respectively, are fed for 24 h. When added to chick embryo hepatocytes in culture, triiodothyronine stimulated malic enzyme mRNA accumulation by more than 100-fold. Glucagon inhibited the thyroid hormone-stimulated accumulation of malic enzyme mRNA by 99%. In all instances, malic enzyme mRNA concentration was closely correlated with the relative rate of malic enzyme synthesis. These results suggest that nutritional and hormonal regulation of malic enzyme synthesis occurs at the pretranslational level. PMID- 6687384 TI - Purification of antithrombin III mRNA and cloning of its cDNA. AB - Antithrombin III mRNA was enriched from a baboon liver by specific polysome immunoprecipitation. The partially purified antithrombin III mRNA preparation was used for cDNA synthesis and cloning. Candidate antithrombin III cDNA clones were identified by differential hybridization using as probes [32P]cDNAs synthesized from the polysome-enriched and -depleted RNA fractions, respectively. The candidate clones were further analyzed by hybrid-selected translation. The authenticity of a cDNA clone positive to both tests was unambiguously confirmed by matching its nucleotide sequence with the known amino acid sequence of human antithrombin III. The baboon antithrombin III cDNA clone hybridized well with human antithrombin III mRNA and can be used as a probe to isolate the corresponding human gene. PMID- 6687385 TI - Labeling of high affinity ATP binding sites on the 53,000- and 160,000-dalton glycoproteins of the sarcoplasmic reticulum with the photoaffinity probe 8-N3 [alpha-32P]ATP. PMID- 6687386 TI - Cooperative effects in the interaction between melittin and phosphatidylcholine model membranes. Studies by temperature scanning densitometry. AB - The interaction between the peptide melittin from bee venom with multilamellar liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or egg yolk phosphatidylcholine has been studied by the method of temperature scanning densitometry, yielding information on the specific volume of the association products and on the changes during the thermotropic transition of the lipids. The effects of the interaction were found to be biphasic with respect to melittin concentration; below 10(-3) mol per mol of phospholipid, an increase in transition temperature, abolition of the pretransition, a reduction in the transition volume of the lipids by about 25%, and a nonadditive increase in apparent specific volume of the complexes were observed. Only minor changes in these parameters could be detected between molar ratios of 10(-3) and 10(-2). Above 1 mol % melittin, the transition temperature decreased and the transition volume approached zero around 10 mol %. Since the effects in the low concentration range cannot be accounted for only by local perturbations around the actual sites of interaction, it is concluded that the interaction involves long range effects of melittin affecting several hundreds of phospholipid molecules. The results are discussed in terms of a phospholipid cluster model, whereby the interaction with melittin leads to a cooperative transition of entire clusters to a state of expanded volume. It is suggested that this transition may be important to the activating effect of melittin on membrane enzymes and to enhanced membrane permeability and lysis. PMID- 6687387 TI - Inactivation of human coagulation factor V by activated protein C. AB - Thrombin-activated vitamin K-dependent protein C purified from human plasma has a potent anticoagulant effect on human plasma, whereas its bovine counterpart has a very weak anticoagulant effect on human plasma. This species difference was found to be partly due to a more rapid degradation of human factor Va by human than by bovine activated protein C. In the presence of phospholipid, activated human protein C cleaves several peptide bonds in fragment D (heavy chain of factor Va), whereas in fragment F1F2 (light chain of factor Va) there appears to be only one peptide bond that is slowly cleaved. The degradation of fragment D is accompanied by a parallel loss of factor V activity. With the blood coagulation factor Xa bound to factor Va, fragment D is protected from degradation by activated protein C, and factor Va remains active. Fragment D isolated from factor Va was exposed to activated protein C in the presence of phospholipid and was found not to be degraded. This observation suggests that fragment D of factor V is bound to phospholipid via fragment F1F2. PMID- 6687388 TI - Activation of covalent affinity labeled glucocorticoid receptor-steroid complexes. PMID- 6687390 TI - Acute anteromedial rotatory instability. Long-term results of surgical repair. PMID- 6687389 TI - Properties of purified carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermoaceticum, a nickel, iron-sulfur protein. AB - Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermoaceticum has been purified to homogeneity using a strict anaerobic procedure. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 440,000 and it consists of three each of two different subunits giving the composition alpha 3 beta 3. The molecular weight of the alpha-subunit is 78,000 and that of the beta-subunit is 71,000. Pore limit gel electrophoresis gave a molecular weight of 161,000 indicating that the enzyme dissociates to form a dimer with an alpha beta structure. The dimer apparently contains per mol 2 nickel, 1 zinc, 11 iron, and 14 acid-labile sulfur. The anaerobic enzyme has an iron-sulfur type spectrum, which is changed in the presence of the substrate, CO. In the presence of oxygen, which destroys the activity or CO2, the spectrum is that of a typical iron-sulfur protein. Under acidic conditions a low molecular weight nickel factor separates from the enzyme. Viologens, methylene blue, ferredoxin, flavodoxin, and rubredoxin serve as electron acceptors. Of these rubredoxin is by far the most efficient. The enzyme has a pH optimum around 8.4. At this pH and 50 degrees C under 100% CO atmosphere, the apparent Km for methyl viologen is 3.03 mM and Vmax is 750 mumols of CO oxidized min-1 mg-1. Cyanide and methyl iodide inhibit the enzyme. CO reverses the cyanide inhibition but promotes the reaction with methyl iodide. The pure enzyme has no hydrogenase or formate dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 6687391 TI - The symptomatic anterior cruciate-deficient knee. Part I: the long-term functional disability in athletically active individuals. PMID- 6687392 TI - The accuracy of double-contrast arthrographic evaluation of the anterior cruciate ligament. A retrospective review of one hundred and sixty-three knees with surgical confirmation. AB - In a retrospective review of 163 knees, the double-contrast arthrogram proved to be an accurate method of evaluating the anterior cruciate ligament. The status of the ligament was examined arthrographically with two stress lateral projections: a horizontal cross-table radiograph and a fluoroscopic spot radiograph. The condition of the ligament was interpreted as being normal, lax but intact, torn with intact synovial tissue, or torn or absent. The status of the ligament was subsequently determined at either arthrotomy or arthroscopy by inspection, palpation, and judgment of the degree of tension under stress. The arthrographic diagnosis was found to be 91.4 per cent accurate within the individual subclassifications and 95 per cent accurate in confirming the ligament to be either intact or abnormal. Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament frequently occurs in association with meniscal tears. In our series, 138 of the 163 knees had either a meniscal or a cruciate lesion, or both. Of these, forty-one (30 per cent) had a meniscal lesion, thirty-four (25 per cent) had a cruciate lesion, and sixty-three (45 per cent) had both. We have found the double-contrast arthrogram to be an accurate method of determining the condition of both the anterior cruciate ligament and the menisci in a single outpatient examination. PMID- 6687393 TI - Meniscal pathology and osteoarthritis of the knee. AB - The relationship between meniscal tearing and degenerative joint disease was studied by macroscopic examination of 115 knees at necropsy. The incidence of meniscal pathology was 57 per cent. There was no overall difference in the severity and distribution of tibiofemoral degeneration, whether the meniscus was torn or normal. We found little evidence that degenerative meniscal tears cause osteoarthritis or vice versa. PMID- 6687394 TI - Feeding practices of the very low-birth-weight infant within the first year. AB - Information summarized from early feeding practices of VLBW infants (1,500 gm. or less at birth) identified three prevalent practices which potentially could result in compromised nutrition for these babies: (1) Cereals were introduced at an early age. Feeding cereals before infants are developmentally ready may decrease formula intake or result in a forced feeding situation. (b) Two percent and skim milk were fed to approximately 50% of these infants within their first year of life. Feeding calorically dilute milk may reduce energy intake, as well as compromise the intake of essential fatty acids. (c) Whole cow's milk was introduced to some VLBW infants at an early age. The feeding of cow's milk to young infants without appropriate supplementation may predispose these infants to significant nutritional deficiencies and imbalances. Any one of these feeding practices could affect an infant's nutrient intake. If all three are encountered in the same baby, growth may be adversely affected. Whether increased attention to appropriate feeding practices during the first year of life would result in a more favorable growth outcome for VLBW infants is not known. PMID- 6687395 TI - Potential interfering antibody response in TSH assays. PMID- 6687396 TI - Optical isomers of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate: antidotal activity, in vitro and in vivo, against sodium arsenite. AB - DMPS (2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate, Na salt) is an important water soluble analog of dimercaprol. All investigations of this antidote for heavy metal intoxication have dealt only with the racemic mixture. In the present report, the optical isomers of DMPS have been separated and the arsenic-antidote activity of the levo-rotatory (-)-isomer, the dextro-rotatory (+)-isomer and the racemic mixture of DMPS have been investigated in vivo and in vitro. The individual optical isomers and the racemic mixture of DMPS are effective equally, in vitro, in preventing the inhibition by sodium arsenite of the activity of mouse kidney pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. In addition, when pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited, in vitro, by sodium arsenite, any of the three DMPS preparations will reverse the inhibition equally well. The in vitro evidence suggests that two molecules of DMPS are required to prevent the effects of one molecule of sodium arsenite. Neither the LD50 nor the ED50 values of each of the three forms of DMPS differ significantly when measured i.p. in mice. In addition, there is no striking difference between the effectiveness of the levo- or dextro-rotatory DMPS when given orally to mice challenged with sodium arsenite. Thus, the use of the individual optical isomers of DMPS does not appear to have any advantage over the racemic mixture as an arsenic antidote under these conditions. PMID- 6687397 TI - Head-to-head agglutination of ram and boar epididymal spermatozoa and evidence for an epididymal antagglutinin. PMID- 6687398 TI - Sodium in processed foods. PMID- 6687399 TI - Multimodality therapy of stage III adenocarcinoma of the breast. AB - The results of a pilot multimodality program (surgery + radiotherapy + chemotherapy) are reported in 34 women with advanced stage III and IV adenocarcinoma of the breast. The median relapse-free survival for all patients was 24 months, with 74% of the premenopausal patients and 37% of the postmenopausal alive at five years (P = 0.18). The relapse rate was significantly lower in premenopausal patients when compared to the postmenopausal subgroup. Estrogen receptor status was not predictive for relapse or survival. PMID- 6687400 TI - Prevalence of increased intraocular pressure in Graves' disease--evidence of frequent subclinical ophthalmopathy. AB - Graves' exophthalmos is frequently associated with elevated intraocular pressure on upgaze. Eighty patients with Graves' disease were evaluated prospectively by applanation tonometry to assess the prevalence of ophthalmopathy in this disorder. Whereas 21 (26 per cent) of the 80 patients had exophthalmos, 61 (76 per cent) had abnormal intraocular pressure (delta greater than or equal to 3 mm Hg). All patients with exophthalmos had elevated intraocular pressure on upgaze; 40 (68 per cent) of 59 patients without proptosis had abnormal pressure readings. The mean interval between the onset of Graves' disease and this study was 6.3 +/- 1.0 years (S.E.M.) for those patients who had exaggerated positional changes in intraocular pressure, as compared with 3.0 +/- 1.0 years for those with normal intraocular pressure (P less than 0.005). All but 1 of 15 patients in whom the diagnosis of Graves' disease had been documented 10 or more years earlier had increased intraocular pressure on upgaze. We conclude that Graves' ophthalmopathy is more common than is recognized clinically and that eye involvement is an inevitable complication of the disease. PMID- 6687401 TI - Ophthalmopathy of Graves' disease. PMID- 6687402 TI - Sequence banks. Searching for sequence similarities. PMID- 6687404 TI - The return of the intern? PMID- 6687403 TI - Primary structures of beta- and delta-subunit precursors of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor deduced from cDNA sequences. AB - The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from fish electric organ and mammalian skeletal muscle is the best characterized neurotransmitter receptor (reviewed in refs 1-3). The AChR from the electroplax of the ray Torpedo californica consists of five subunits present in a molar stoichiometry of alpha 2 beta gamma delta (refs 4-6); the apparent molecular weights of the alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-subunits are 40,000 (40K), 50K, 60K and 65K, respectively. Knowledge of the primary structures of these constituent polypeptides would facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the function of the neurotransmitter receptor. Recently, we have cloned cDNA for the alpha subunit precursor of the T. californica AChR and have deduced the primary structure of this polypeptide from the nucleotide sequence of the cloned cDNA. Here we report the cloning and nucleotide analysis of cDNAs for the AChR beta- and delta-subunit precursors. The primary structures of the two polypeptides deduced from the cDNA sequences reveal conspicuous amino acid sequence homology among these and the alpha-subunits. The three subunits contain several highly conserved regions which may be essential for the receptor function or inter subunit interaction. PMID- 6687405 TI - Identifying the small-for-gestational-age fetus on the basis of enhanced surfactant production. AB - The clinical utility of concurrent measurements of the fetal biparietal diameter, as measured by ultrasonography and fetal pulmonary maturity, as assessed by the amniotic fluid consisted of 57 cases in which pregnancy produced a low birth weight neonate (less than 2500 g). The combination of a small fetal biparietal diameter (less than 8.5 cm) and a mature foam stability index value (0.47 or greater) was associated with small-for-gestational-age neonates in 16 of 19 cases. In addition, the occurrence of an immature foam stability index value (less than 0.47) and a fetal biparietal diameter of less than 8.5 cm was associated with appropriate-for-gestational-age newborns in 16 of 16 cases. The discriminating ability of the foam stability index test in identifying the small for-gestational-age infant was lost when the fetal biparietal diameter was 8.5 cm or more. Of clinical note was the fact that 14 cases in which the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome occurred were all associated with appropriate-for gestational-age infants and foam stability index values of less than 0.47 (ie, immature). The results of this study suggest a potentially important clinical role for the concurrent measurement of fetal biparietal diameter and performance of the amniotic fluid foam stability index test in the prenatal evaluation of the high-risk, small, third-trimester fetus. PMID- 6687406 TI - Rape: management in a noninstitutional setting. PMID- 6687407 TI - 1981 milk feeding patterns in the United States during the first 12 months of life. AB - From 1955 to 1981, questionnaires were mailed to a nationally representative sample of mothers to determine the use of various milks for feeding infants during the first 6 months of life. Data from these surveys demonstrated the resurgence of breast-feeding both in incidence and duration, and this increase has occurred across all levels of income and education. Statistical analysis indicated that the trends were significant (P less than .01) for all demographic categories surveyed. In 1981, as in 1980, a bimonthly telephone survey of mothers of infants 8, 10, and 12 months of age determined milk use during later infancy. A combination of data from the mail and telephone surveys for 1981 provided information on milk feeding patterns and demographic characteristics for the first 12 months of life. Maternal employment was shown to reduce the incidence and duration of breast-feeding. PMID- 6687409 TI - Wyngaarden sets policy agenda for NIH. PMID- 6687408 TI - Nestle letter stops NIH talk. PMID- 6687410 TI - Protein sequence analysis: automated microsequencing. AB - The automated microsequencing of proteins can now be carried out at the 5- to 10 picomoles (submicrogram) level on polypeptides obtained directly from one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The techniques are applicable to polypeptides ranging in size from small peptides (less than 10 residues) to large proteins (more than 1000 residues). PMID- 6687411 TI - Sucralfate therapy for choleretic diarrhea. PMID- 6687412 TI - Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms. AB - Carotid artery aneurysms are rare, however, serious complications may result- namely, rupture, thrombosis, or emboli. Five distinct clinical types of aneurysms are reported with different symptoms and treatment. Fusiform, saccular, false, and mycotic aneurysms are best treated with interposition autogenous vein grafting. Spontaneous dissection aneurysms are best treated initially with anticoagulation and follow-up angiography. Recanalization is the usual result. Meticulous surgical technique to prevent perioperative emboli is essential to prevent central nervous system complications. PMID- 6687413 TI - Osteomalacia associated with prostatic cancer and osteoblastic metastases. AB - A patient with carcinoma of the prostate, extensive bony metastases, and osteomalacia is reported. The diagnosis of osteomalacia was suspected because of generalized weakness and bone pains, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and raised alkaline phosphatase. It was documented by low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level. Furthermore, it was confirmed by improvement in patient's symptomatology and normalization of serum calcium and phosphorus after treatment with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Rocaltrol). PMID- 6687414 TI - The accumulation of [35S]methimazole by human and rat lymphocytes. AB - The accumulation of 35S labelled methimazole (MMI) was examined in lymphocytes. No uptake of label was found in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from normal control subjects after in vitro incubation with the drug. Following administration of [35S]MMI to patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism PBL cell to plasma (C/P) 35S activity was greater than 1 in 4 of 11 patients and only in 1 of 7 other patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Thyroid lymphocytes from 2 of these patients showed some accumulation of activity. Following administration of [35S]MMI to normal rats C/P 35S ratios ranged from 1-5.6 but no 35S accumulation was found in PBL or thyroid lymphocytes from August strain rats in which experimental autoimmune thyroiditis had been produced. It is concluded that there is minimal, if any, significant accumulation of MMI in lymphocytes of patients with Graves' disease. The immunosuppressive action of MMI on lymphocyte antibody production must therefore by indirect. PMID- 6687415 TI - Comparison of alphabetic and phonetic retrieval of online drug information. AB - Alphabetic, phonetic, and combined alphabetic and phonetic methods of retrieving online drug information were compared. Twenty-four volunteers participated in the study representing four user groups: physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and nonhealth-care hospital staff. Each subject performed 150 searches, 50 by each retrieval method. Using the alphabetic method, drug information was retrievable only if the drug name was spelled correctly. Using the phonetic method, searches were conducted based on the phonetic spelling of requests (e.g., "symetadine" for cimetidine). The combined method used a phonetic search only after an initial alphabetic search was unsuccessful. The elapsed time between the first entry and an indication that the information had been found or could not be found was determined, and the number of drug names not found and the number of excess tries were counted. There were no significant differences in elapsed time among the three methods. Pharmacists had the shortest mean elapsed time and physicians the longest. The average number of excess tries using the phonetic system was a third of the number required using the alphabetic method. The number of drugs not found showed only slight differences among the three methods. The subjects found the desired information on the first try 67% of the time with the alphabetic method, 66% with the combined method, and 90% with the phonetic method. The phonetic method had an average of 75 matches versus 20 for the alphabetic and combined methods. These results support use of a combined alphabetic and phonetic system for retrieving drug information. PMID- 6687416 TI - Biological activity of 24,24-difluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - The biological activity of 24,24-difluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was compared with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the rat. The 24,24-difluoro-1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 has a potency of approximately 5-10 times that of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the known in vivo vitamin D responsive systems. These systems include intestinal calcium transport, bone calcium mobilization, calcification of epiphyseal plate cartilage, and elevation of plasma calcium and phosphorus concentrations. Thus, 24,24-difluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is the first known analogue with higher potency than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in vivo. PMID- 6687418 TI - Evaluation of hemostatic agents in experimental splenic lacerations. AB - Avitene, Collastat, Gelfoam, and Surgicel were evaluated for their effectiveness in the control of hemorrhage from an experimental splenic laceration. Effectiveness was determined by measuring the amount of blood loss per kilogram of body weight until complete hemostasis was achieved and by determining mortality from hemorrhage. The study group in which Collastat, a collagen hemostatic sponge, was used had the smallest amount of blood loss. This group was also the only one with no deaths from breakthrough bleeding. The degrees of reaction in the spleens of the surviving animals 3 weeks after treatment were not significantly different when each of the various agents were compared. We believe that Collastat is the preferred topical hemostatic agent. PMID- 6687417 TI - Effects of trifluoperazine, ouabain, and ethacrynic acid on intestinal calcium transport. AB - Bidirectional steady-state calcium fluxes were measured in vitro under short circuited conditions in segments of rat duodenum and descending colon. The calcium-activated ATPase (Ca-ATPase) inhibitor trifluoperazine (TFP, 0.1 mM) reduced net calcium absorption in both tissues by decreasing the absorptive flux from mucosa to serosa (Jm leads to s) without consistently altering the secretory flux from serosa to mucosa. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration (50 ng/day for 4 days) increased net calcium absorption by increasing Jm leads to s, and TFP reduced Jm leads to s to the same extent across tissues from vehicle- or 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated animals. Na-K-ATPase inhibitors ouabain and ethacrynic acid both reduced short-circuit current without affecting calcium fluxes. These data suggest that Ca-ATPase, located in the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells, plays a role in the transepithelial transport of calcium. More general effects of TFP on intestinal epithelium may also contribute to the reduction in calcium fluxes. Duodenal and descending colon calcium transport appears independent of transcellular sodium transport mediated by Na-K ATPase. PMID- 6687419 TI - Cochlear implant effects on the spiral ganglion. AB - To evaluate the effects of chronic intrascalar implants on spiral ganglion cells, we studied 15 monkey cochleas that had had implants for periods ranging from 1 to 28 months. All cases exhibited loss or ongoing degeneration of cells. Cell loss typically was greater in the basal turn, where the implants were located, than at more apical locations. Increasing apical damage was a function of postimplant survival time. Preimplant local treatment of the inner ear with neomycin did not influence the loss of spiral ganglion cells. Osteoneogenesis occurred in the majority of cases, appearing in the basal turn with occasional extension into middle and apical turns. Cell loss was inconsistently associated with new bone formation. Electrical stimulation had no obvious influence on cell survival. PMID- 6687420 TI - Synovial cyst of the spinal facet joint. PMID- 6687421 TI - Patients, pestilence, and pathologists. PMID- 6687422 TI - Mucin production in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Mucin production in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is rarely mentioned in the literature. We studied 36 cases of medullary carcinoma; 32 lesions were sporadic and four were genetic variants. In 15 cases (42%), mucin production was demonstrated by histochemical means. In six cases (17%), the mucin was only extracellular; in three (8%), it was mostly extracellular, but with foci of intracellular deposits; and in six cases (17%), it was equally extracellular and intracellular. Mucin secretion could be demonstrated in both the primary thyroid tumor and the nodal metastases. No consistent correlation could be demonstrated between the histologic pattern, the staining properties of the tumor cells, and the sporadic or genetic occurrence of the tumor. Mucin was more frequently identified in medullary carcinomas (42%) than in other carcinomas (9.1%) of the thyroid gland. As mucin can be identified in approximately half of the medullary carcinomas, this primary thyroid lesion should be considered a possible source for a cervical node containing mucin positive carcinoma cells. PMID- 6687423 TI - Microcystic meningioma. Clinicopathologic report of eight cases. AB - We report herein eight cases of microcystic meningiomas. This unusual variant was originally described by Masson, who labeled it "humid." Grossly, tumors were usually soft, with occasionally a glistening cut surface. Two tumors were cystic and three invaded bone structures. By light microscopy, tumor cells were stellate, with long processes delimitating clear spaces. Whorls were found in all tumors. Intracytoplasmic glycogen, fatty droplets, and phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin-positive fibrils were sometimes seen. Tumor cells, however, were all negative with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Mitoses, hemorrhages, and necrosis were absent. By electron microscopy, interdigitations of cytoplasmic processes and desmosomes were found. The large extracellular spaces were filled with a finely granular substance intermingled with fibrils and collagenic fibers. The clinical and morphological findings point toward a benign course. We also discuss the differential diagnosis and the pathogenesis. PMID- 6687424 TI - 'Viable' tumor cells in posttherapy biopsy specimens. A potential application of human tumor clonogenic cell culture. AB - Human carcinoma tissues were grown in culture for two to four weeks using the two layer soft agar technique. All cultures that showed growth of tumor cell colonies also showed well-preserved, apparently healthy tumor cells lying singly. These cells showed neither proliferative capacity nor necrosis or morphologic degeneration during the time in soft agar. Thus, morphologic criteria seem to be poor indicators of tumor cell proliferative potential, at least in the short term. However, the method of soft agar tumor clonogenic cell culture itself provided a direct measure of tumor cell proliferative capacity, ie, the formation of colonies from single tumor cells. This may be valuable in directly assessing the presence of "viable" tumor cells in biopsy specimens taken after therapy, and thus guide further patient therapy. PMID- 6687425 TI - Tubular adenoma of breast. AB - A recent classification of adenomas of the breast included tubular adenoma. This uncommon lesion can be distinguished from fibroadenoma by the predominance of epithelium and relative lack of stroma. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of a tubular adenoma studied by aspiration cytology as well as light and electron microscopy. A 4-cm, slightly tender mass was found in the upper outer quadrant of the breast of a 26-year-old woman. Aspiration cytology showed abundant epithelial fragments, similar to those seen in fibroadenoma, but without the spindle cell component often seen in aspirates of that lesion. Light microscopic study of the excised mass showed a well-demarcated tumor of tubular glands and scanty stroma. By electron microscopy, the epithelial stromal junction was intact. This contrasts with the findings in fibroadenoma, and confirms that this difference can distinguish these lesions. PMID- 6687426 TI - Blue nevus of the uterine cervix. An ultrastructural study of two cases. AB - Two cases of blue nevus of the uterine cervix were studied ultrastructurally. Both were incidental findings in hysterectomy specimens. The pigmented cells were characterized by both solitary and compound melanosomes at different stages of development and by basement membrane surrounding the interdigitated cytoplasm. The evidence suggests that the pigmented cells in uterine blue nevus may be Schwann's cells with melanin synthesis. PMID- 6687427 TI - Cervical myelopathy due to atlantoaxial and subaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Four patients aged 41 to 73 years, who had had rheumatoid arthritis for eight to 25 years, had signs and symptoms of cervical myelopathy and radiculopathy due to either atlantoaxial dislocation with herniation of the odontoid through the foramen magnum, or subluxation of the middle to lower cervical vertebrae. Spastic paraparesis or quadriparesis, severe nuchal immobility and pain, and flaccid paresis of the upper limbs necessitated anterior medullary decompression and posterior cervical fusion. Postmortem examination disclosed old ischemic necrosis, atrophy, and gliosis in the low medulla and cervical cord. Anterior and posterior gray horns and contiguous posterior and lateral funiculi bore the brunt of the damage. Ascending and descending wallerian degeneration and atrophy of the cervical nerve root were evident. In three cases, anterior spinal or radicular arteries demonstrated intimal fibrosis with moderate stenosis; two cases depicted chronic phlebitis or subarachnoid vessels. Previous reports have infrequently provided evidence of a vasculopathy. PMID- 6687428 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of malignant carcinoid and adenocarcinoma of stomach. PMID- 6687429 TI - Acute arterial thrombosis in rabbits: reduced platelet accumulation after treatment with dazoxiben hydrochloride (UK 37,248-01). AB - 1 Acute thrombosis was induced in the carotid arteries of anaesthetized rabbits by local electrical stimulation (1 mA for 2 min) of the vessel wall. Histological findings confirmed the platelet-rich composition of the thrombus. Platelet accumulation at the stimulus site was quantitated with 111Indium-labelling of autologous platelets. 2 In rabbits injected intravenously with either the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben 2 mg/kg or aspirin 10 mg/kg, accumulation of labelled platelets was considerably reduced. Animals which received vehicle injection only, showed no such reduced thrombus formation. 3 In separate experiments in anaesthetized rabbits, the levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in clotting blood were measured in blood samples taken from animals which had received the above drug treatments. Aspirin markedly reduced the production of both arachidonate metabolites. In contrast, dazoxiben almost totally inhibited TXB2 production but caused a 3.5-fold increase in the levels of 6-keto PGF1 alpha. 4 These findings demonstrate an antithrombotic effect and confirm the mechanistic selectivity of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. PMID- 6687430 TI - Myopia in premature babies with and without retinopathy of prematurity. AB - One hundred and fifty-five premature infants weighing 600-2000 g were followed up during 1974-80 for the presence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and for the existence of myopia. 50% of the premature infants who had ROP were myopic, while only 16% myopic premature infants were found among those who did not have ROP. There was a positive correlation between the degree of myopia and the severity of cicatricial ROP. No difference existed in the frequency and degree of myopia between premature infants in which ROP cicatrised spontaneously and in those where it cicatrised after cryopexy. PMID- 6687431 TI - Prothrombin association with phospholipid monolayers. PMID- 6687432 TI - Ordered phosphorylation of the two 20 000 molecular weight light chains of smooth muscle myosin. AB - The time courses of phosphorylation of the Mr 20 000 light chains by purified myosin light chain kinase plus calmodulin were determined. In confirmation of an earlier report [Persechini, A., & Hartshorne, D. J. (1981) Science (Washington, D.C.) 213, 1383-1385], a steady-state kinetic analysis indicates that the phosphorylation occurs in an ordered manner; i.e., at a phosphorylation level of 0.5 mol of 32P incorporated per mol of bound Mr 20 000 light chain, each myosin molecule would have one phosphorylated head. The kinetic parameters obtained for the phosphorylation of the more reactive myosin head are similar to those determined by using isolated light chains. It is suggested that the ordered, or sequential, phosphorylation, and the different reactivities of the two Mr 20 000 light chains, is the result of preexisting asymmetry of the myosin molecule. Similar patterns of myosin phosphorylation are obtained in both the absence and presence of skeletal muscle actin. PMID- 6687433 TI - A comparison of the headgroup conformation and dynamics in synthetic analogs of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. AB - 14N-NMR spectra and relaxation times for dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and three analogs were obtained in both the liquid crystal and gel phases. The analogs either changed the PO-4 to N+ (CH3)3 distance (P-N) within the headgroup by increasing the number of CH2 groups from two in the phosphocholine headgroup (PN 2) to six in the phospho-(N',N',N'-trimethyl)hexanolamine headgroup (PN-6), or replaced the ester linkages to the hydrocarbon chains with either linkages. 31P NMR spectra were obtained for the four samples in the liquid-crystal phase. (1) The 14N- and 31P-NMR spectra and 14N relaxation times all indicate that increasing the P-N distance within the headgroup causes changes in both the average orientation of the C-N bond and its dynamics. (2) The 14N-NMR spectra provide evidence for a change in orientational order of the headgroup as a result of changing the linkage to the acyl chains. On the other hand, the relaxation time measurements indicate that the molecular motion for the headgroup is independent of the type of linkage. (3) The thermal behaviour of the four samples is clearly reflected in the 14N-NMR spectra. The second moments of the spectra show distinct changes at each of the phase transitions. (4) The 14N-NMR spectra show that the average conformation of the headgroups is not significantly altered by the main phase transition. For the PN-2 samples, T2e, the decay of the quadrupolar echo, decreases discontinuously in the P beta, phase, which is evidence for a possible exchange process between two molecular states within this phase. PMID- 6687434 TI - The use of fluorescence energy transfer to distinguish between poly(ethylene glycol)-induced aggregation and fusion of phospholipid vesicles. AB - Two fluorescence energy transfer assays for phospholipid vesicle-vesicle fusion have been developed, one of which is also sensitive to vesicle aggregation. Using a combination of these assays it was possible to distinguish between vesicle aggregation and fusion as induced by poly(ethylene glycol) PEG 8000. The chromophores used were 1-(4'-carboxyethyl)-6-diphenyl-trans-1,3,5-hexatriene as fluorescent 'donor' and 1-(4'-carboxyethyl)-6-(4"-nitro)diphenyl-trans-1,3,5 hexatriene as 'acceptor'. These acids were appropriately esterified giving fluorescent phospholipid and triacylglycerol analogues. At 20 degrees C poly(ethylene glycol) 8000 (PEG 8000) caused aggregation of L-alpha dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) vesicles without extensive fusion up to a concentration of about 35% (w/w). Fusion occurred above this poly(ethylene glycol) concentration. The triacylglycerol probes showed different behaviour from the phospholipids: while not exchangeable through solution in the absence of fusogen, they appeared to redistribute between bilayers under aggregating conditions. DPPC vesicles aggregated with less than 35% poly(ethylene glycol) could not be disaggregated by dilution, as monitored by the phospholipid probes. However, DPPC vesicles containing approx. 5% phosphatidylserine which had been aggregated by poly(ethylene glycol) could be disaggregated by either dilution or sonication. Phospholipid vesicles aggregated by low concentrations of poly(ethylene glycol) appear to fuse to multilamellar structures on heating above the lipid phase transition temperature. PMID- 6687435 TI - Enhanced hydration of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine multibilayer by vinblastine sulphate. AB - Vinblastine sulphate, an antimitotic and anti-inflammatory agent, modifies the thermal behaviour of the model membranes: the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPC bilayers. The mixed DPPC and vinblastine sulphate multibilayers in the range of DPPC mole fraction 0.4 to 1 display clearly the gel-liquid crystal (chain melting) transition on the thermograms obtained with a differential scanning microcalorimeter. The molar enthalpy of this transition is slightly depressed by vinblastine sulphate (less than 10%). The temperature-composition phase diagram corresponds to a total insolubility of vinblastine sulphate inside the frozen (gel) bilayers and to a solubility of 0.2 (mole fraction) of vinblastine sulphate inside the fluid (liquid crystalline) bilayers. The dissolved vinblastine sulphate depresses the cooperativity number of the frozen in equilibrium fluid transition of the bilayers very strongly (4- to 5-times). Up to its solubility concentration, vinblastine sulphate increases the amount of the structural water of the bilayers and modifies the thermal behaviour of this water. The 'expelled' vinblastine sulphate molecules are retained by the polar groups of DPPC molecules and screen their electrostatic interactions with the structural water molecules. Below 0 degree C, the amount of the structural water, which forms the aqueous separation between two bilayers, is enhanced by vinblastine sulphate. However, the drug reduces (screens) the bilayers interaction with the structural water molecules. PMID- 6687436 TI - Dye binding probes of lipid-binding structures. An investigation of 2-p toluidinylnaphthylene-6-sulfonate binding to human and bovine prothrombin and fragment 1 in the presence and absence of calcium and magnesium ions. AB - TNS (2-p-toluidinylnaphthylene-6-sulfonate) binds to human and bovine prothrombin and Fragment 1 in the absence and presence of added Ca2+. The stoichiometry of TNS binding is 1:1 for human and bovine prothrombin and Fragment 1. The Ca2+ dependence of the fluorescence of TNS bound to bovine prothrombin Fragment 1 yields a modified Hill plot slope of 2.7, which is consistent with the slope obtained by monitoring the Ca2+ dependence of protein fluorescence quenching, CD changes and phospholipid binding. Mg2+ has have no effect on the fluorescence of TNS-prothrombin fluorescence. TNS binding to the amino-terminal region of prothrombin is the first relatively simple probe of the subtle and complex relationship which exists between protein structure and phospholipid binding. PMID- 6687437 TI - The influence of water on the phase transition of sheep lung surfactant. A possible mechanism for surfactant phase transitions in vivo. AB - The effect of water on the thermal properties of sheep lung surfactant lipids was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Dry surfactant exhibited a phase transition with an upper limit of about 54 degrees C, whereas that of the fully hydrated surfactant was about 30 degrees C. The effect of water was confined to a range of hydration values from 0 to 25%. The results indicate that pulmonary surfactant lipids are capable of undergoing both thermotropic and lyotropic mesomorphism in vitro. The degree of hydration of the surfactant could influence its in vivo biophysical role in alveolar dynamics. Indeed, small changes in the surfactant to water ratio induced by regional differences in the surfactant concentration at the alveolar surface during alveolar expansion and contraction could be sufficient to trigger isothermal phase transitions in the surfactant lipids. This would allow changes to occur in the equilibrium between solidus and fluidus surfactant during the respiratory cycle. PMID- 6687438 TI - Experimental tests of charge conservation in macromolecular interactions. AB - A combination of equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration has been used to demonstrate the conservation of charge in the interaction between bovine serum albumin and methyl orange in Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, I = 0.05 M; and also in the dimerization of alpha-chymotrypsin in acetate/chloride buffer, pH 3.9, I = 0.11 M, containing various concentrations of indole (0-10 mM) in order to displace the equilibrium position towards monomer. In the former study the magnitude of the negative charge on the albumin was shown to increase linearly with the number of molecules of methyl orange bound to the protein, the observed slope (0.96 +/- 0.08) of this relationship being in excellent agreement with that predicted on the basis of charge conservation for attachment of the univalent, negatively charged methyl orange ligand. In the study of alpha-chymotrypsin, the net charge (expressed per monomeric enzyme unit) was +10 in solutions in which the mole fraction of monomer varied between 0.47 and 0.88, the extent of this range having been established by means of constituent association equilibrium constants obtained from sedimentation equilibrium studies. PMID- 6687439 TI - [Effect of thymalin and heterotransfusion on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in thymectomized rats]. AB - Experiments on rats have shown that thymectomy brings about the development of hypercoagulation and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Heterotransfusion is accompanied by hypocoagulation and stimulation of fibrinolysis in both intact and thymectomized rats. At the same time fibrinolysis in thymectomized rats is stimulated to a lesser degree than in intact animals. Preinjection into thymectomized rats of the thymus low-molecular factor thymaline over one week does not only make blood coagulation and fibrinolysis return to normal but also leads to adequate changes in the hemostatic system in response to heterotransfusion. PMID- 6687440 TI - Viral hepatitis as a sexually transmitted disease. PMID- 6687441 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases in the Republic of Ireland. PMID- 6687442 TI - Epidural morphine for analgesia after caesarean section. PMID- 6687443 TI - Improvement in survival produced by sequential therapies in the treatment of recurrent medulloblastoma. AB - Thirty-six patients with recurrent medulloblastoma were treated with various combination chemotherapy protocols after initial treatment (usually irradiation) failed. Use of systemic chemotherapy was limited by depressed bone marrow reserves secondary to previous craniospinal irradiation. Intraventricular and intrathecal therapies included cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), methotrexate, and thio-tepa given as single agents. Major systemic agents used alone or in combination included CCNU, procarbazine, vincristine, and the hexitol epoxides. Patients were reirradiated with or without misonidazole when there was definite tumor progression after all other therapies failed and/or because myelosuppression was so severe that further chemotherapy was not possible. Sequential systemic or intrathecal chemotherapy and reirradiation produced median survivals of two years and 25% quartile survivals of 2.9 years. The prognosis for patients harboring recurrent medulloblastoma has improved considerably over the years because of the therapeutic approaches reported here. PMID- 6687444 TI - Malignant histiocytosis and Letterer-Siwe disease. Neoplasms of T-zone histiocyte with S100 protein. AB - Eight cases with malignant histiocytosis (MH), two cases with systemic Letterer Siwe disease, and one case with sarcomatous variant of MH were studied clinicopathologically. Characterization of neoplastic histiocytes was performed by immunohistochemical staining for S100 protein, lysozyme, and nonspecific cross reacting antigen with carcinoembryonic antigen (NCA). The immunohistochemical characteristics of histiocytes were S100+lys-NCA- in eight MH and two Letterer Siwe disease cases and S100-lys+NCA+ in the sarcomatous variant of MH. MH and Letterer-Siwe disease were considered to have derived from a specific S100+ histiocytic cell lineage (T-zone histiocyte with S100 protein) independent of the monocyte--macrophage system, from which a sarcomatous variant was derived. Leukemic change of MH was discussed with special reference to the maturation and differentiation of T-zone histiocytes. PMID- 6687446 TI - A single gene encodes multiple neuropeptides mediating a stereotyped behavior. AB - Egg laying in Aplysia is characterized by a stereotyped behavioral array which is mediated by several neuroactive peptides. We have sequenced two genes encoding the A and B peptides thought to initiate the egg-laying process, as well as a gene encoding egg-laying hormone (ELH) which directly mediates the behavioral array. The three genes share 90% sequence homology and are representatives of a small multigene family. Each gene encodes a protein precursor in which the active peptides are flanked by internal cleavage sites providing the potential to generate multiple small peptides. Each of the three genes consists of sequences homologous to A or B peptide as well as ELH. Although these genes share significant nucleotide homology, they have diverged such that different member genes express functionally related but nonoverlapping sets of neuroactive peptides in different tissues. PMID- 6687445 TI - Phase II trial of AMSA in patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: a gynecologic oncology group study. PMID- 6687447 TI - [New knowledge on the formation of surfactant, a pulmonary factor in surface tension]. PMID- 6687449 TI - Echocardiographic features of a mycotic aneurysm of the left ventricular outflow tract caused by perforation of mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa. AB - We present the apparently unique M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic features of a surgically confirmed pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricular outflow tract, which probably developed as a result of perforation of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa. Echocardiographic studies revealed an aneurysmal sac situated between the aortic root and the left atrium. The aneurysm expanded in systole and collapsed or emptied in diastole, suggesting direct communication with the left ventricle. Such an aneurysm must be differentiated from various pathologic findings of the aortic root. The location and characteristic motion during the cardiac cycle should alert the clinician to the correct diagnosis of such an aneurysm. PMID- 6687448 TI - Left ventricular performance and regional blood flows before and after ductus arteriosus occlusion in premature lambs treated with surfactant. AB - The hemodynamic consequences of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were studied during the first few hours of life (1.9 +/- 0.7 hours) in 13 mechanically ventilated, surfactant-treated, preterm lambs (gestational age of 120-124 days). Cardiovascular pressures, left ventricular (LV) performance and regional blood flows were measured using cine left ventriculography and radionuclide-labeled microspheres before and after occlusion of the PDA with a catheter balloon. Before occlusion, the left-to-right shunt was 44 +/- 13%; after occlusion the shunt was negligible (2%). Heart rate (164 +/- 17 beats/min), LV end-diastolic pressure (5 +/- 3 mm Hg), ejection fraction (74 +/- 8%) and cardiac output (241 +/- 13 ml . min-1 . kg-1) were normal and did not change after ductus occlusion. However, "effective" systemic blood flow increased significantly after occlusion (130 +/- 53 vs 228 +/- 93 ml . min-1 . kg-1, p less than 0.001), as did blood flow to organs such as the brain, myocardium and gastrointestinal tract. The reduction of systemic blood flow in the presence of a left-to-right PDA shunt may be responsible for many early pathologic manifestations of the PDA "syndrome" of prematurity even in the absence of overt LV dysfunction. PMID- 6687450 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of the hydrogen breath-analysis test for detecting malabsorption of physiological doses of lactose. AB - We examined the changes in sensitivity and specificity that would occur with alterations in the sample-collection schedule and (or) cutoff criterion for the increase in hydrogen concentration in breath after administration of doses of lactose in the dietary range. In a breath-analysis test to classify individuals as lactose-absorbers or lactose-malabsorbers, 41 subjects drank 360 mL of intact cow's milk, containing 18 g of lactose, and breath samples were collected and analyzed at 30-min intervals for 5 h. An increase in H2 concentration of greater than or equal to 20 microL/L above basal values at any of the 10 intervals was diagnostic of malabsorption. Increases of greater than or equal to 18 or greater than or equal to 15 microL/L were only 85% as specific in classifying the same individuals. Reduction in the number of samples tested per subject uniformly reduced the sensitivity. However, a simplified procedure suitable for field studies (in which four samples--at 0, 2, 3, and 4 h--are collected and analyzed with greater than or equal to 20 microL/L as the cutoff value) gives 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity, as compared with the 11-sample procedure. PMID- 6687451 TI - Effect of aspirin on urinary excretion of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha. AB - 1. We studied the effect of oral administration of acetylsalicylic acid (1200 mg/day for 3 days) on the urinary excretion of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha in normal human subjects as an index of prostacyclin production in vivo. 2. The concentrations and excretion rate in urine fell to 45% of pretreatment levels in 3 days, but returned to pretreatment values after 7 days. 3. These results suggest that production of prostacyclin in vivo is only partially inhibited by high doses of aspirin and that there are sites of production of prostacyclin which are protected from inhibition by aspirin and which contribute to urinary 6 ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha. The measurement of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha in urine may therefore be of only limited value as an index of the metabolism of vascular tissue in vivo. PMID- 6687452 TI - Consensus development summaries. Total hip joint replacement. Sponsored by the National Institute of Arthritis. Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. PMID- 6687453 TI - Aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics on a microcomputer. AB - The authors describe the use of a microcomputer to evaluate an existing dosage regimen and to determine a new regimen and steady-state peak and trough levels for four aminoglycoside antibiotics--amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and tobramycin. The microcomputer program is based on a one-compartment open pharmacokinetic model for the aminoglycosides. It accounts for patients' sex, age, height, obesity, and ascitic compartment. The program is divided into seven subprograms for each of the four aminoglycosides: (1) steady-state peak and trough levels are predicted, based on serum creatinine for a given dosage regimen; (2) a dosage regimen that conforms to 6, 8, 12, 16, or 24 hours is ascertained, based on serum creatinine; (3) a dosage regimen is determined, on the basis of serum creatinine, for desired steady-state peak and trough levels; (4) a dosage regimen that conforms to 6, 8, 12, 16, or 24 hours is ascertained for given aminoglycoside serum levels; (5) a dosage regimen for desired peak and trough levels is ascertained for given aminoglycoside serum levels; (6) a dosage regimen that conforms to 6, 8, 12, 16, or 24 hours is ascertained from data collected using Sawchuk's and Zaske's method; and (7) a dosage regimen, estimated for desired peak and trough levels, is estimated from data collected using Sawchuk's and Zaske's method. PMID- 6687454 TI - Computer-assisted drug therapy for epilepsy. AB - Monitoring serum concentrations of anticonvulsant drugs has improved substantially the treatment of epilepsy. However, a sound knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of anticonvulsant drugs is necessary when interpreting serum concentration results and considering dosage adjustments of these drugs. A computer program developed to assist physicians and pharmacists in designing individualized medication regimens for patients with epilepsy is described. The program also can be used as an interactive educational device for medical and clinical pharmacy students. PMID- 6687455 TI - Clinical aspects of lymphosarcoma in the horse: a clinical report of 16 cases. AB - This paper describes the clinical and laboratory findings in 16 horses suffering from lymphosarcoma and the autopsy results in 13 of these cases which were examined at the Large Animal Medicine Clinic, State University of Utrecht, from 1969 to 1981. The cases were classified into four groups, designated multicentric, alimentary, thymic and cutaneous forms, according to the situation of the tumours. PMID- 6687456 TI - Enzymic properties of an N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase of a wheat-germ agglutinin-resistant melanoma clone. AB - A fucosyltransferase was solubilized by extraction with Triton CF-54 from a wheat germ agglutinin-resistant variant of mouse B16 melanoma. Through affinity chromatography on GDP hexanolamine--Sepharose a 44-fold enrichment of its specific activity was obtained. Analysis of its specificity indicated that the enzyme is an N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase, which is able to transfer fucose to oligosaccharides containing Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc and Gal(beta 1 4)Glc structures. The enzyme is activated by divalent cations and has a maximum of activity at pH 5. It is unable to transfer fucose to sialylated glycoproteins, 6-alpha-sialyllactose or 3-alpha-sialyllactose. As suggested by its precipitation in the presence of antibodies raised in rabbit against a soluble human milk N acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase, these two enzymes seem to be structurally related. PMID- 6687457 TI - Phase II study of amsacrine in solid tumors: a report of the EORTC Early Clinical Trial-Group. AB - A total of 239 patients with advanced solid tumors were treated in this phase II trial. Amsacrine was administered as a single i.v. dose of 120 mg/m2 repeated at 21-day intervals. The initial dose was reduced to 90 mg/m2 in the case of extensive prior therapy. Some antitumor activity was detected in head and neck cancer but the drug appears to lack significant efficacy in epidermoid lung cancer as well as in carcinoma of the breast, melanoma, renal cell cancer, colorectal cancer and non-seminomatous testicular cancer. Leukopenia was the major toxic effect encountered in this trial and was similar at 90 and 120 mg/m2. PMID- 6687458 TI - Purification of the nickel protein carbon monoxide dehydrogenase of Clostridium thermoaceticum. PMID- 6687459 TI - Identification of two forms of myosin light chain kinase in turkey gizzard. AB - Two forms of myosin light chain kinase from turkey gizzard are separable by ion exchange chromatography. One is the well-characterized 130,000 Mr enzyme. Purification of the second form by affinity chromatography on calmodulin- Sepharose showed it to consist of two polypeptide chains of Mr 136,000 and 141,000. This form of the enzyme required Ca2+ and calmodulin for activity, was specific for the Mr 20,000 light chain of myosin, and appeared to phosphorylate the same site on the light chain as the Mr 130,000 enzyme. The low-Mr gizzard kinase may be a proteolytic fragment of a higher-Mr species or these may represent different isoenzymes. PMID- 6687460 TI - [Effect of delta-sleep-inducing peptide and its analogs on the encephalogram of normal rabbits during sleep deprivation and on learning processes in the rat]. AB - The delta-sleep-inducing peptide and its 10 analogues increased the total amount of slow oscillations in the rabbit EEG and shifted the spectrum towards the long wave area. When comparing the EEGs of intact and sleep--deprived rats, the effect of delta-peptide was stronger in the latter animals. The learning of rats in U shaped labyrinth before and after sleep deprivation suggested that delta-peptide improved the learning in sleep-deprived animals. Experiments with negative influences showed that the delta-peptide could be a protective anti-stress factor. PMID- 6687462 TI - Insemination of rabbit eggs is associated with slow depolarization and repetitive diphasic membrane potentials. AB - The plasma membrane of the rabbit egg allows only one sperm to enter the egg during fertilization, but the mechanism of this block to polyspermy is unknown. Electrophysiology and in vitro fertilization techniques were employed in this study to investigate the possibility that a voltage block to polyspermy exists in rabbit eggs. Ovulated zona-intact eggs had a mean membrane potential of -71 +/- 2.1 mV (interior negative). A stereotypic response occurred 12-135 min following in vitro insemination in 19 of 40 eggs. Association of this stereotypic response with the appearance of pronuclei suggested that the electrical response was related to some interaction of gametes. This response consisted of a slow transient 8 +/- 1.5 mV depolarization upon which were superimposed up to 36 repetitive diphasic insemination potentials. Each potential consisted of a brief 2.0 +/- 0.44 mV hyperpolarization followed by a slow 2.5 +/- 0.45 mV depolarization. The small amplitude of the stereotypic response when compared with the large variation of resting potentials suggested that the response was insufficient to block polyspermy by a mechanism dependent upon the magnitude of the rabbit egg membrane potential. PMID- 6687461 TI - Effect of lectins and sugars on primary sperm attachment in the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus L. AB - The apical regions of motile Limulus spermatozoa readily adhere to the outer layer of the egg envelope. Shortly after this adherence or primary attachment, the sperm acrosome reaction occurs, resulting in a stronger adhesion (secondary attachment). A sperm attachment assay that quantified the number of spermatozoa attaching to egg sections was utilized to identify components involved in primary attachment. The number of spermatozoa attached was examined after treatment of either egg sections or spermatozoa with various compounds. Egg sections treated with asparagus pea lectin (250 micrograms/ml) bound significantly fewer spermatozoa as compared to those exposed to wheat germ agglutinin, concanavalin A, and garden pea lectin. Furthermore, sperm attachment was also greatly reduced when egg sections were first incubated with the glycosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase (less than or equal to 5% of controls). Treatment of spermatozoa with alpha-L fucose, fucoidan, or p-aminophenyl fucoside also reduced sperm attachment when compared to Millipore-filtered artificial seawater controls. Egg sections were treated with fluorescein-conjugated lectins to confirm that the lectins actually bound to portions of the egg envelope and that various sugars are present in the egg envelope. Evidence suggests that the methylpentose, alpha-L-fucose, plays an important role in primary sperm attachment in Limulus. PMID- 6687464 TI - A computer program for the analysis of double isotope renal clearance assays. AB - A computer program is given for the analysis of double isotope renal clearance assays. A program for use with computerized gamma counters or desk-top computers is described for the calculation of effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate from data obtained with the single injection technique. Using standard statistical algorithms the program rapidly computes the fast and slow exponential clearance components, together with their standard errors, from the observed plasma disappearance curves of both isotopes, and thus obviates the need for their manual graphical resolution. The program has been in routine use for 3 years and successfully processed 109 renal clearance assays from a wide variety of patients whose kidney function ranged from normal to severely impaired. PMID- 6687463 TI - Computer assisted drug analysis for dose-response curves, with special reference to molsidomine. PMID- 6687465 TI - A model and program for study of a tolerance curve: application to lactose absorption tests. AB - A method has been devised for the analysis of tolerance curves, and tested on data collected for the diagnosis of lactose malabsorption with lactose tolerance tests. Two different models were fitted to over 100 experimental curves; the need to allow small changes over time in the glucose baseline level became evident, indicating that a model allowing a time trend is preferable. The results are briefly discussed and the biological significance of the quantities estimated by the method is discussed. PMID- 6687466 TI - A program for deriving rate equations using small computers. PMID- 6687467 TI - Simulation of a sprinter. Part II. Implementation on a programmable calculator. AB - Although successful models have been developed to simulate a sprinter's performance, they are often complex and sophisticated, requiring a main frame environment and expensive monitoring equipment. These disadvantages preclude the wide-spread use of the models by practitioners. This paper presents a method in which the necessary data can be easily gathered--using a tape measure, six stop watches and bollards, a starting gun, and a bathroom scale. A simple algorithm is presented for calculating the parameters of a previously defined model, and implemented on hand-held programmable calculators, the Casio FX-502P and HP41C. The model calculates the sprinter's initial horizontal acceleration, maximum horizontal velocity and can be used to predict the time for any given race distance. The model can therefore be used to evaluate the sprinter's current performance as well as indicate his potential if he were able to reach and maintain maximum velocity. PMID- 6687468 TI - Operative arthroscopy of the knee--a review of 50 consecutive cases of arthroscopic meniscectomy. PMID- 6687469 TI - Veterinarians and the nuisance theory. PMID- 6687470 TI - Characterization of the C-protein from posterior latissimus dorsi muscle of the adult chicken: heterogeneity within a single sarcomere. AB - Specific isoforms of myofibrillar proteins are expressed in different muscles and in various fiber types within a single muscle. We have isolated and characterized monoclonal antibodies against C-proteins from slow tonic (anterior latissimus dorsi, ALD) and fast twitch (pectoralis major) muscles of the chicken. Although the antibody against "fast" C-protein (MF-1) did not bind to the "slow" isoform and the antibody to the "slow" C-protein (ALD-66) did not bind to the "fast" isoform, we observed that both antibodies bound C-protein from the posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscle. Here we demonstrate that in the PLD muscle the binding sites of these two antibodies reside in two different C-protein isoforms which have different molecular weights and can be separated by hydroxylapatite column chromatography. Since we have shown previously that both these antibodies stain all myofibers and myofibrils derived from PLD muscle, we conclude that all myofibers in this muscle contain both isoforms with all sarcomeres. PMID- 6687471 TI - Sampling Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) immatures on rice fields treated with combinations of mosquitofish and Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 toxin. PMID- 6687472 TI - Left ventricular volumes determined by two-dimensional echocardiography in a normal adult population. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine normal population volume variables of the left ventricle as determined by different algorithms currently available. Two dimensional echocardiography was prospectively performed on 52 normal volunteers to determine normal left ventricular volume and ejection fraction as a prerequisite to their clinical application. All echocardiograms were performed using a commercially available two-dimensional phased array sector scanner. Three algorithms were applied to three views in various combinations. Ejection fraction calculations were found to be reliable, reproducible and independent of the algorithm employed. Left ventricular volumes were larger in men than in women (probability [p] less than 0.005) despite correcting for body surface area, indicating the need for separating patients according to sex. The Simpson's rule algorithm resulted in smaller values for left ventricular volume than did any of the area-length algorithms and the data were the most reproducible as judged by intraobserver variation. The single plane area-length methods are clinically useful because they are simple, rapid to execute and reliable. Ejection fraction calculation was independent of the algorithm employed. PMID- 6687473 TI - Intestinal vitamin D-induced calcium-binding protein: time-course of immunocytological localization following 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - The vitamin D-induced calcium-binding protein (CaBP) was localized in histological sections of chick duodenum using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technique. The time-course of appearance of CaBP in rachitic chicks was investigated from 0 to 120 hr after stimulation by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). CaBP was not routinely detected at 0 hr after 1,25(OH)2D3 administration. CaBP was first noted in some, but not all, of the samples taken 2 hr following 1,25(OH)2D3 and was detected in all 2 1/2 hr samples. The number of CaBP-containing absorptive cells and the apparent CaBP concentration both increased to a maximum at about 16-24 hr. At later times, as CaBP free cells migrated up the villi, the CaBP-containing cells decreased in number, but even at 120 hr post 1,25(OH)2D3 dose there were significant numbers of CaBP-containing cells present. The relationships between time-course of CaBP location on intestinal villi, enterocyte migration rates, and the time-course of 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulated intestinal calcium transport are discussed. PMID- 6687474 TI - Sucralfate: a new drug in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6687475 TI - Malignant histiocytosis. Case report and review. PMID- 6687476 TI - Dietary trilinoelaidate: effects on hematological parameters, serum eicosanoids and tissue fatty acid composition in rats. AB - Increasing levels of tt18:2 were fed to rats for 11 weeks and the following parameters evaluated: bleeding time; platelet and red blood cell (RBC) counts; packed RBC volume; RBC hemolysis; (none of which were affected) and RBC calcium content; myeloid/erythroid marrow ratios (M/E); fatty acid composition of plasma and heart lipids, and serum eicosanoids, e.g., thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6 ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto). At the highest level of tt18:2 fed (6.3 en%), there was a notable decrease in RBC calcium content. Furthermore, this level of tt18:2 (6.3 en%) significantly decreased M/E ratios compared to normal, as did lower tt18:2 levels. Plasma and heart fatty acids reflected expected changes with increasing dietary tt18:2. Serum TXB2 versus 6-keto levels were more indicative of dietary trilinoelaidate intervention. TXB2 levels were significantly decreased with no apparent change in 6-keto serum levels in the rats fed 6.3 en% tt18:2 compared to control. Although the consumption of trilinoelaidate, at levels approximating normal human intake, (0.6 en%) is apparently not deleterious to any of the hematologic criteria studied; higher levels precipitate changes in M/E ratios. RBC calcium content and serum TXB2 levels. Therefore, until more physiological parameters have been evaluated, dietary tt18:2 seems to be without detrimental effects. PMID- 6687477 TI - Surfactant function in respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Airway samples from infants with respiratory distress syndrome were recovered by suction immediately after tracheal intubation for respiratory failure. The minimum surface tension of these airway samples was 27.3 +/- 3.0 dynes/cm. Surfactant with low surface tension (1.4 +/- 1.0 dynes/cm) was recovered from these samples by centrifugation; the supernatant fractions from the samples had high minimum surface tensions. The supernatant fractions contained soluble proteins that inhibited the surface tension-lowering properties of natural sheep surfactant. Similar supernatant fractions collected from infants intubated for reasons other than respiratory distress syndrome were much less inhibitory to sheep surfactant. The minimum surface tension of sequential daily airway samples from infants with respiratory distress syndrome fell progressively to 5.7 +/- 2.4 dynes/cm on the day of extubation. These results document the presence of proteins in the airways of infants with respiratory distress syndrome that inhibit the surface tension-lowering properties of surfactant. PMID- 6687478 TI - Determination of ciramadol in plasma by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - An analytical method for determining ciramadol concentrations in plasma was developed and evaluated for its specificity, precision, linearity, and sensitivity. GLC-electron capture detection of a dipentafluorobenzoyl derivative of the drug was used for quantitation. An isomer of the drug served as an internal standard. Resulting mean ratios of the peak height of derivatized drug to that of derivatized internal standard varied with a coefficient of variation that ranged from 3.8 to 11.1%. The mean ratio was linearly related to ciramadol content (8.75-175 ng) with a correlation coefficient greater than to 0.999. The minimum quantifiable concentration was 4 ng/ml with a 2-ml specimen. An application of this method is presented. PMID- 6687479 TI - Anticoccidial derivatives of 6-azauracil. 5. Potentiation by benzophenone side chains. AB - Attachment of p-benzophenone side chains at N1 was found to be one of the most effective modifications for enhancing the potency of 6-azauracil against a broad spectrum of coccidia in chickens. Compound 20 was about 1000-fold more potent than 6-azauracil. Structure-activity relationships paralleled those found in a previously reported series of related analogues containing diphenyl sulfide and sulfone side chains. Drug metabolism studies showed the ketones to be reduced rapidly to carbinols, which are the prevalent species in vivo. PMID- 6687480 TI - Cardiac-slowing amidines containing the 3-thioindone group. Potential antianginal agents. AB - A series of 3-thioindolamidines (and 3-indolamidines) related to mixidine (1) was studied for cardiac-slowing properties, following the discovery of activity for prototype thioindole 2. Structure-activity relationships were explored, leading to many potent antitachycardiac agents (6-9, 12, 13, 15-17, 20, 23, 24, 30, 34, 35, 45, and 47-49). Relative to 2, cardiac-slowing activity is enhanced by substitution of the indole nitrogen with small (C1-C3) saturated alkyl groups (6 9), unsaturated alkyl groups (12, 13, and 15-17), or a methoxyethyl group (20); replacement of the N-methyl group with alkyl (23) or phenyl groups (24); and extension of the ethylene bridge by two methylene units (34). Dethio (i.e., 3 indole) analogues of 2 with alkyl substitution on the indole nitrogen (47-49) have greater activity as well. Several potent compounds were also found to have minimal myocardial depression (6-9, 13, 45, and 47). Secondary pharmacological testing is reported for thioindoles 2, 6, 7, 9, and 28. PMID- 6687481 TI - A study of the prevalence of epistaxis and respiratory symptoms in carpet backwinders. PMID- 6687482 TI - NIH Consensus Development Conference Summary. The diagnosis and treatment of Reye's Syndrome. PMID- 6687483 TI - Characterization of human cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (EC 1.14.15x) of human term placental mitochondria. AB - The cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (EC 1.14.15x) in mitochondria of a human term placenta was partially characterized. Enzyme activity was determined by separation of [26-14C]-cholesterol and [5-14C]-isocaproic acid formed by side chain cleavage. Since the amounts of unlabeled cholesterol were too large, a KM of cholesterol could not be determined. The apparent KM value of NADPH is 6.25 x 10(-4) M. A pH optimum was found at pH 9.5 (Tris buffer) and a temperature optimum at 40 C. The metal ions Sr2+ and Ba2+ showed no inhibition at 1 and 10 mM and a moderate inhibition at 100 mM. In low concentrations (1 mM), Mg2+ and Ca2+ slightly stimulated the enzyme whereas in higher concentrations (100 mM) an inhibitory effect was observed. A strong inhibition was achieved with 1 mM Zn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and by 10 and 100 mM Fe2+, Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+. During preincubation of the enzyme without radioactive substrate, a rapid loss in enzyme activity in relation to enzyme concentration was observed (initial activity = 100%) (preincubation time in hours): 0.5 h (97%), 1 h (55%) and 1.5 h (34%). A dose dependent inhibition of the enzyme by the following proteins was achieved: bovine serum protein, human serum protein, human immunoglobulin G and ovalbumin. Furthermore, a dose-dependent inhibition was found with the membrane lipids lecithin and sphingosine. PMID- 6687484 TI - On the nature of the genes influencing the prevalence of Graves' disease. AB - Burnet's theory that Graves' and other autoimmune diseases are caused by forbidden clones of immunocytes, reactive against host antigens and emerging in post-natal life due to somatic events (somatic mutations of V genes and inter clonal deletions), remains the most comprehensive and likely concept of the pathogenesis. The MHC antigens, B8 and D/DR3, have a predisposing influence of X 2.5 and X 3.7 respectively, whilst male sex has a protective influence, divided by 6. Family studies testing for associated inheritance of Graves' disease and immunoglobulin allotypes (Gm and Km), by observation of the segregation of known heterozygous allotypes and also by Penrose's sibling pair method, have failed to show involvement of immunoglobulin genes. The H gene theory, prompted by studies on the inheritance of autoimmune diseases in the New Zealand mice, postulates that germline genes influencing the prevalence of Graves' and other autoimmune diseases code for major and minor histocompatibility or other alloantigens. By deleting complementary clones, alloantigens alter the immune response repertoire of each individual and this could alter the chance of emergence of a forbidden clone by the somatic mutations and the inter-clonal deletions envisaged by Burnet and Jerne. The H gene theory is superior to the linkage disequilibrium theory in that it accounts for all the known genetic features of Graves' disease, including the female sex preponderance, which is ascribed to the effect of clonal deletions imposed by the H-Y antigen. PMID- 6687485 TI - Thyroglobulin-independent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity of human eye muscle cells in tissue culture by lymphocytes of a patient with Graves' ophthalmopathy. PMID- 6687486 TI - Natural cytotoxicity of peripheral blood leukocytes from normal subjects and patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis against human adult and fetal thyroid cells. AB - Natural cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood leukocytes against fetal and adult human thyroid cells was investigated in vitro. Natural killer (NK) cell activity was determined at various effector: target cell ratios in a standard 51Cr release assay with human thyroid cells as targets. The effector cells were unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained by Hypaque-Ficoll gradient centrifugation. We have demonstrated that peripheral blood leukocytes from normal subjects and patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis exhibit natural cytotoxicity against both human fetal and adult thyroid cells. This was effector: target cell ratio and incubation time dependent. Although there was a tendency for increased killing of fetal thyroid cells by peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis compared to age/sex matched normal subjects this was not significant and there were no significant differences between the two groups for killing of adult thyroid cells. A possible role for natural cytotoxicity in progressive thyroid tissue destruction in Hashimoto's thyroiditis is discussed. PMID- 6687487 TI - Mutator activity in Schizophyllum commune. AB - A strain with an elevated level of spontaneous mutations and an especially high rate of reversion at a specific locus (pab-) was identified. The mutator trait is recessive. UV sensitivity and the absence of a UV-specific endonucleolytic activity were associated with the enhancement of the mutation rate in mutator strains. The endonuclease associated with the regulation of the mutation rate also acted on single-stranded DNA. The molecular weight of this enzyme is about 38000 daltons. PMID- 6687488 TI - Free care for sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6687489 TI - Presence in brain of synenkephalin, a proenkephalin-immunoreactive protein which does not contain enkephalin. AB - The primary sequence of adrenal proenkephalin has recently been reported by three groups who have isolated and sequenced the cDNA for this prohormone. Several intermediates in the processing of proenkephalin, containing from one to four copies of [Met] enkephalin, have been purified from the adrenal medulla. Although there is evidence that the proenkephalin is identical in the brain and the adrenal medulla, similar intermediates have not been isolated from brain. We report here the production of an antiserum directed against a purified enkephalin precursor derived from the amino terminus of adrenal proenkephalin which cross reacts with an antigen in brain. The immunoreactive protein in brain does not contain the sequence of enkephalin, but shows a pattern of distribution in immunohistochemical studies parallel to that of the enkephalins. In extracts of bovine caudate-putamen, this antigen is present in a molar concentration approximately one-fifth of that of [Met] enkephalin. The results demonstrate that the antiserum recognizes antigenic determinants within the N-terminal 72 amino acid residues of adrenal proenkephalin and that the enkephalin precursor in brain is similar to that found in the adrenal medulla. Furthermore, the absence of the enkephalin sequence in the brain protein indicates that concentrations of the larger intermediates in the processing of proenkephalin are much lower in the brain than in the adrenal medulla. PMID- 6687490 TI - [Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction]. PMID- 6687491 TI - [CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, ftorafur) chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer]. PMID- 6687492 TI - Kinetics of expulsion of the nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, in mast-cell deficient W/WV mice. AB - Mucosal mast-cell hyperplasia is frequently observed in intestinal nematode infections and it has been suggested that mast-cell responses to parasite antigens are involved in worm expulsion (self cure). To evaluate the importance of this mechanism, the course of infection and expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was compared in mast-cell deficient W/WV and normal (+/+) mice. Initial infectivity rates were similar, but the subsequent kinetics of expulsion of adult worms differed principally in that the onset of expulsion in mast-cell deficient mice appeared to occur 24-36 h later than that in normal mice. Expulsion was complete by the 14th day post infection in both W/WV and normal mice. Worm fertility (as estimated by faecal egg output) also differed in W/WV and normal mice, with maximal egg output in W/WV mice occurring 24 h later than that in normal mice. Although a few mast cells were present in the intestinal mucosa and tongue of W/WV mice, their numbers did not change during the course of infection with N. brasiliensis. In contrast, worm expulsion in normal mice was associated with a moderate increase in numbers of intestinal mast cells, commencing at the onset of expulsion and peaking several days after expulsion was completed. PMID- 6687493 TI - Use of microcomputers in the Division of General Pediatrics. PMID- 6687494 TI - Retrolental fibroplasia: further clinical evidence and ultrastructural support for efficacy of vitamin E in the preterm infant. AB - To further evaluate the efficacy of oral vitamin E in preventing the development of severe retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) in very low-birth-weight infants, 100 infants treated with 100 mg/kg/d of vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) were compared with 75 infants treated with 5 mg/kg/d of vitamin E (dl-alpha tocopherol) in the same nursery during the previous year. All 175 infants weighed less than or equal to 1,500 g at birth and required supplemental oxygen. A total of 120 infants (69 treatment; 51 control) survived greater than or equal to 10 weeks. Multivariate analysis of the control population identified five risk factors (P less than or equal to .10): gestational age, level and duration of oxygen administration, intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis, and birth weight. When multivariate analysis was applied to both control and treatment groups, the severity of RLF was found to be significantly reduced in infants given the treatment dose of vitamin E (P = .003). Ultrastructural analyses of 58 pairs of whole-eye donations from high-risk infants surviving less than 10 weeks suggest that the initial morphologic event is gap junction increases between the plasma membranes of adjacent spindle cells of the van-guard retina. Such extensively gap junction-linked spindle cells are apparently removed from the vasoformative process as early as 4 days of life, forming a barrier to further normal vascular development and triggering retinal and vitreal neovascularizations approximately 8 weeks later. These events are maximally suppressed by elevated plasma vitamin E levels in infants greater than or equal to 27 weeks gestational age. PMID- 6687495 TI - Simultaneous analysis of conformation and transcription of A and B groups of vitellogenin genes in male and female Xenopus during primary and secondary activation by estrogen. AB - In male Xenopus, primary estradiol administration results in noncoordinate activation in the liver of the A and B groups of vitellogenin genes, both as judged by transcription and DNase I sensitivity in isolated nuclei, B group genes being activated preferentially in the first 20 hr. Secondary induction in males or "primary" induction in females results in a coordinate and equal transcription of these two groups of genes. The elevated transcriptional activity following primary estrogen stimulation returns to low levels rapidly but the high DNase I sensitivity of these genes persists for 2-3 months. A non-coordinate activation of the A and B groups of vitellogenin genes is however re-established in response to a second administration of estradiol 8 months after primary stimulation of male Xenopus. PMID- 6687497 TI - The Adolescent Family Life Program as a prevention measure. AB - Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood remain a source of considerable concern, not only due to the well-documented adverse consequences of teenage pregnancy, but also because of certain trends that emerged during the seventies. Survey results showed a dramatic upsurge in premarital sexual activity, while pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases rose. Out-of-wedlock births also increased. The Adolescent Family Life Program is a new Federal Government effort to deal with the resultant complex of problems.THE PROGRAM HAS TWO MAJOR THRUSTS: (a) preventing adolescent pregnancies by emphasizing the strategy of reaching adolescents before they become sexually active and (b) preventing various negative consequences of pregnancy that often occur among adolescent parents and their off spring. The Program is funding projects that demonstrate and evaluate innovative services in order to obtain knowledge about what works best under given circumstances in both instances. Later, proven models will be made available for adaptation by local communities.Education about the responsibilities of sexuality and parenting will be among the prevention services encouraged in the funded projects. Care services to parenting adolescents include pre and postnatal care, nutrition counseling, continuing education, and vocational services.Through its research component, the Adolescent Family Life Program also has the potential for contributing to an understanding of how to prevent adolescent pregnancies and their adverse consequences. Research projects may encompass the causes and consequences of adolescent sexual relations, use of contraceptives, pregnancy, and child-rearing.Family involvement is a consistent theme in all efforts of the Adolescent Family Life Program. It is anticipated that results of the projects funded by the Program will illuminate ways to incorporate the family into a successful partnership aimed at preventing the problems of adolescent pregnancy. PMID- 6687498 TI - Surface adsorption of pulmonary surfactant in relation to bulk-phase concentration and presence of CaCl2. AB - The adsorption rate of natural surfactant lipids was studied with a surface balance at 37 degrees C, with particular reference to the influence of various bulk-phase concentrations and to the presence of CaCl2. On a hypophase of 0.9% NaCl, natural surfactant had rapid adsorption (1-5 s) in concentrations greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/ml, whereas lipids extracted from the same surfactant showed a comparable adsorption rate only in concentrations greater than or equal to 3.5 mg/ml. This indicates that natural surfactant contains some not yet identified nonlipid component enhancing the adsorption rate. On a hypophase of 0.9% NaCl + 0.05% CaCl2, the adsorption rate of extracted surfactant lipids was similar to that of natural surfactant on 0.9% NaCl. The concentration of surfactant phospholipids in fetal pulmonary fluid at term is about 0.6 mg/ml; our data suggest that at this concentration the adsorption of natural surfactant does not require the presence of bivalent cations to spread effectively in an air liquid interface. PMID- 6687496 TI - Patterns of expression of erythroblast non-globin mRNAs. AB - Three classes of erythroblast non-globin mRNAs have been identified using cDNA recombinants isolated from a mouse foetal liver cDNA library. One erythroid cell specific 12S mRNA coding for a 16-19,000 dalton protein has been identified using two independent cDNA recombinants (pFC5 and pFA6). The gene encoding this mRNA is unique in the genome and its organisation seems to be the same in both erythroid and non erythroid cell genomic DNA as judged by digestion with restriction enzymes and Southern blotting. Another erythroblast mRNA of size 16S represented by recombinant pFD12 is expressed in brain cells as well as a variety of haemopoietic cell types, but not in adult liver or fibroblasts. Two other erythroblast mRNAs of size 8S and 12S represented by recombinants pD6 and pA4 are expressed in many differentiated cell types with the exception of non-dividing cells such as reticulocytes, peripheral white blood cells, adult liver and brain cells. These mRNAs are, therefore, presumed to be involved ubiquitously in cell proliferation or general cell metabolism. PMID- 6687499 TI - Mycotic aneurysm of the radial artery of the hand. A case report. PMID- 6687500 TI - Steroid injections. PMID- 6687501 TI - Medicine and the law: treatment of minors--consent requirements. PMID- 6687502 TI - [Classification and clinical characteristics of endocrine ophthalmopathy]. PMID- 6687504 TI - Arthroscopy of the knee. An analysis of 588 consecutive knee arthroscopies. AB - In a consecutive study of 588 knee arthroscopies, the accuracy of the clinical and arthroscopical diagnosis is evaluated by means of the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. The investigation includes a number of orthopaedic knee disorders, and it is shown that arthroscopy gives a substantial increase in the diagnostic accuracy. Follow-up examination of the non operated patients showed that surgery was avoided in 19 per cent of the patients, in whom surgery was indicated by clinical diagnosis. It is concluded that arthroscopy is a safe and valuable procedure in the diagnosis of knee disorders, and the best method to avoid unnecessary surgery. PMID- 6687503 TI - Unchanged biochemical indices of bone turnover despite fluctuations in 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D during the menstrual cycle. AB - To examine the effect of endogenous oestrogens on calcium metabolism during the menstrual cycle, fasting blood and urinary samples were obtained every day throughout the menstrual cycle in 5 young women. Bone turnover was estimated by serum alkaline phosphatase and fasting urinary excretions of hydroxyproline and calcium. Serum levels of oestradiol (E2), oestrone (E1), and androstenedione (A) showed the well known cyclic fluctuations, the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) nearly doubled from the early follicular phase to the time of ovulation, although 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) were almost unchanged. No correlation between the rise in the serum 1,25(OH)2D level and the measured parameters of calcium metabolism was observed. In view of these findings, the 1,25(OH)2D3 serum concentration measured in women with functioning ovaries can only be interpreted in the context of the menstrual cycle. The published normal range in women for the metabolite may also require reinterpretation. PMID- 6687505 TI - Amplitude and pulse rate difference limens for electrical stimulation of the cochlea following graded degeneration of the auditory nerve. AB - Experimentally deafened cats with differing populations of residual spiral ganglion cells were implanted with cochlear electrodes and were electrically stimulated. They were conditioned to respond to changes in electrical pulse rate and amplitude, and both electrical pulse rate and amplitude difference limens were determined. It was found that although there were some variations in difference limens between animals, these showed no correlation with residual cell populations over the range 8-44%. PMID- 6687506 TI - Psychiatric presentations of hyperthyroidism. AB - Hyperthyroidism is often confused with psychiatric illnesses. Undiagnosed hyperthyroidism sometimes results in inappropriate use of psychotropic medications. Delay in therapy markedly worsens the prognosis for recovery, but complications can be prevented by early treatment. Prompt recognition of hyperthyroidism through thyroid function screening is good medical practice in the evaluation of patients with psychiatric symptoms. PMID- 6687507 TI - Bone mineral mass in adult lacto-ovo-vegetarian and omnivorous males. AB - Past studies indicate postmenopausal women who eat meat may experience greater bone mineral loss than lacto-ovo-vegetarian women. The present study extends those findings by comparing bone mineral in adult lacto-ovo-vegetarian and omnivorous males. Bone mineral mass was determined by direct photon absorptiometry in 320 lacto-ovo-vegetarian and 320 omnivorous males 20 to 79 yr old. Lacto-ovo-vegetarians were Seventh-day Adventists committed to their diet for at least 20 yr. Measurements were made at a cortical site along the radius. No statistical differences were identified between bone mineral mass in the lacto ovo-vegetarian and omnivorous males in any decade examined. When contrasted against significant differences between bone mineral mass in postmenopausal omnivores and lacto-ovo-vegetarians, the data presented here may be interpreted as indicating that some factor associated with meat consumption is increasing bone mineral losses in postmenopausal females while having no observable effect in males. PMID- 6687508 TI - Quantified scoring of the amniotic fluid surfactant foam test and assessment of factors contributing to false negative test results. AB - Surfactant foam test scores were quantified by measuring the percent ring (%R) of foam produced at the meniscus of the 1:1 dilution tube. A comparison of %R scoring with conventional negative-positive rating of the foam test indicated that the %R value provided a more accurate estimate of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. Based on clinical assessment of the newborn infant, the %R score also reduced the incidence of false negative test results by 47%. Variations in the assay ethanol fraction or tube size, as well as low amniotic fluid lecithin concentrations, were found to be potential determinants of false negative foam test results. The incidence of these false negative findings can be reduced by use of a %R score that has been empirically calibrated against neonatal outcome. PMID- 6687509 TI - Safety of neodymium-YAG lasers. PMID- 6687510 TI - Apparent [3H]1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 uptake by canine and rodent brain. AB - The brain uptake of [3H]1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ([3H]1,25(OH)2D3) was studied during steady-state conditions using the multiple-indicator dilution technique in dogs. The fractional [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 uptake was evaluated at 0.8 +/- 0.15% during a single passage through the dog brain. Evaluation of the [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 uptake by the vitamin D-replete and vitamin D-depleted rat brain indicated that 30 min after its injection, the fractional uptake was not influenced by the vitamin D status of the animals or by the amount of [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 injected. In the rodent the fractional [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 brain accumulation was between 0.16 and 0.20%, whereas the brain-to-serum ratio varied between 5 and 6%. Protein-binding studies of serum [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 indicated that, at 37 degrees C, 94.8 +/- 0.4% of the hormone was protein bound 30 min after its intravenous injection. These observations suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 is able to cross the blood-brain barrier. However, its limited brain uptake in relation to its serum concentration suggests that the hormone does not penetrate freely into the central nervous system and that its brain uptake may be related to the free circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration perfusing the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 6687511 TI - 1- but not 24-hydroxylation of vitamin D is required for growth and reproduction in rats. AB - This study examines whether 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,24-difluoro-25 hydroxyvitamin D3, an analogue of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 blocked from undergoing 24 hydroxylation, can maintain normal growth and reproduction in the female rat. Vitamin D-deficient weanling rats were maintained from weaning through mating, pregnancy, and lactation with either 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (given by continuous subcutaneous infusion), 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 25 hydroxyvitamin D3, or vehicle. Body weight, plasma calcium levels, estrous cycling time, ability to give birth to live pups, litter weight, number of pups per litter, dam plasma calcium level during lactation, and pup growth to 9 wk of age were recorded. No striking differences were observed between the 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 groups and either the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 group or the 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 group. However, significant differences in most parameters were observed between the vitamin D-deficient and metabolite- or analogue-dosed rats. The results demonstrate that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and/or one of its metabolites is sufficient to maintain normal growth, development, and reproductive functions in the female rat. Because 24,24-difluoro-25 hydroxyvitamin D3 cannot be hydroxylated at C-24, the 24-hydroxylation of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 is not essential for normal growth, development, and reproduction in the female rat. PMID- 6687512 TI - 1- but not 24-hydroxylation of vitamin D is required for skeletal mineralization in rats. AB - To evaluate the importance of 1- and 24-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on skeletal mineralization, male and female rats from vitamin D-deficient mothers were administered from weaning either 100 pmol/day of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 50 pmol/day of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or 100 pmol/day of 24,24-difluoro-25 hydroxyvitamin D3 as their sole source of vitamin D. A separate group of rats did not receive any vitamin D. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 was given by constant infusion at a dose that normalized plasma calcium concentrations and produced normal body weight gains. Skeletal mineralization was studied by determining femur organic and ash weights. Femurs were obtained from male rats 6 wk after weaning, from female rats at conception, at the end of lactation, and 6 wk after lactation, and from weanling pups born to the female rats. No striking differences in femur organic and ash weights were found between 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 groups and either the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 group or the 24,24-difluoro-25 hydroxyvitamin D3 group, whereas the vitamin D-deficient rats had poorly mineralized femurs. These results indicate that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 at a lower dose is as fully active as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in promoting skeletal mineralization in the rat and that preventing the 24-hydroxylation of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 by administering 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 does not elicit any obvious skeletal abnormality, especially on mineralization. PMID- 6687513 TI - The prognosis of meniscectomy in athletes. The simple meniscus lesions without ligamentous instabilities. AB - This study analyzes patient participation in athletic activities after meniscectomy. Seventy simple meniscus lesions in 68 patients without ligamentous insufficiency were studied by means of a detailed questionnaire and clinical and radiological examinations. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 18.4 years, averaging 4.5 years. These cases are classified into two groups, depending on the intensity of athletic activities. Group 1 consisted of international class athletes and Group 2 consisted of both competitive and recreational athletes. None of those studied have given up sports following meniscectomy. Results were worse in Group 1 than in Group 2 in both clinical and subjective evaluation. In Group 1 volleyball players presented results worse than those of football (American style) players and wrestlers. In Group 2 there was no significant difference in results among athletes of various sports. We conclude that the results after meniscectomy are influenced by the quality and frequency of postoperative athletic activities. PMID- 6687514 TI - Computer assisted patient evaluation (CAPE): a multi-purpose computer system for an anesthesia service. AB - We have designed and built a database management system, the computer assisted patient evaluation (CAPE) system, for use in patient management, research, and administration in our anesthesia practice. An important part of the system is the use of specially designed forms on which anesthesiologists record patient histories and management information during the course of patient care. The forms provide means for convenient and complete record keeping, as well as for direct computerization. We demonstrate the flexibility and utility of the CAPE system by presenting a series of examples of its use. These include development and implementation of a preoperative screening program to identify patients at high risk of postoperative respiratory complications; a study of anesthesia technique and outcome; auditing for quality of care; and utilization review of respiratory therapy. PMID- 6687515 TI - Atracurium during halothane anesthesia in humans. AB - The neuromuscular effects of atracurium were studied in 20 patients anesthetized with 0.8% end-tidal halothane. Neuromuscular blockade was monitored by recording the electromyographic activity of the adductor pollicis muscle resulting from stimulation of the ulnar nerve. Four groups of five patients received single atracurium doses of 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/kg, respectively. The block produced by 0.1 mg/kg was 25-72% and lasted 6-21 min. The block produced by 0.15 mg/kg was 69-93% and lasted 16-32 min. The blocks produced by 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg were 95% or greater and lasted 42-84 min and 55-104 min, respectively. When indicated, intubation was easily performed in all patients receiving 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg. The block could be readily antagonized by neostigmine and atropine. Changes in heart rate and blood pressure following atracurium administration averaged less than 5%. PMID- 6687517 TI - Efficacy of ivermectin in controlling Strongyloides westeri infections in foals. AB - Twenty-eight foals whose dams were treated IM with ivermectin (200 micrograms/kg of body weight) on the day of parturition were compared with 35 foals whose dams were administered only the vehicle. The effect of ivermectin on the vertical transmission of Strongyloides westeri and foal heat diarrhea was determined by a comparison of results obtained in the 2 groups. Foals from treated mares had significantly fewer S westeri eggs per gram of feces from 17 to 28 days postpartum. There were no differences observed in the frequencies of severity of foal heat diarrhea between the treated and control groups. In another experiment, using the same foals, 32 foals were treated IM with ivermectin (200 micrograms/kg) at 21 days of age and were compared with 31 foals administered only the vehicle. Significantly fewer S westeri eggs were recovered from the ivermectin-treated foals on day 26 to day 32, the completion day of the trial. PMID- 6687516 TI - Systemic vascular responses to atracurium during enflurane-nitrous-oxide anesthesia in humans. AB - Systemic circulatory responses to atracurium (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) were studied in 15 healthy (ASA I or II) adult patients during enflurane (1.0 to 1.25% inspired) and nitrous oxide (70% inspired) anesthesia. All patients were premedicated with intramuscular morphine (10-15 mg) and glycopyrrolate (0.2 mg). Compared with control measurements during enflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia, heart rate, cardiac and stroke index, central venous pressure, and systemic mean arterial pressure remained unchanged at 2, 5, and 10 min after administration of both doses of atracurium. Systemic vascular resistance was minimally decreased (7% compared to control) (0.01 less than P less than 0.05) at 10 min following both doses of atracurium. No patient demonstrated a decrease in systemic mean arterial pressure greater than 6 mmHg. The authors conclude that atracurium in doses which produce adequate skeletal muscle relaxation during steady-state enflurane anesthesia produces no clinically significant alteration in hemodynamic variables. PMID- 6687518 TI - Morphologic evidence that large inflations of the lung stimulate secretion of surfactant. AB - We ventilated rats at normal tidal volume without periodic deep breaths, or with a 4-times tidal volume inflation every 5 min for 1 h. The volume density of lamellar bodies in alveolar type 2 cells was about one-third lower after 60 min of ventilation in sighed than in unsighed rats, and this effect of sighs was not blocked by bilateral cervical vagotomy. These morphologic data support previously reported biochemical studies indicating that large inflations are potent stimuli of surfactant secretion. PMID- 6687520 TI - Normocalcemia in a hypoparathyroid patient with sarcoidosis: evidence for parathyroid-hormone-independent synthesis of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. PMID- 6687519 TI - The mechanism of appearance of specific antibody-forming cells in lungs of inbred mice after intratracheal immunization with sheep erythrocytes. AB - Immunization, ablation, and adoptive transfer studies were performed in inbred mice to define in vivo the cellular mechanisms for the appearance of specific antibody-forming cells (AFC) in pulmonary parenchyma. Mice were immunized locally or systemically with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), and the concentrations of IgM- and IgG-producing AFC were measured in lung and extrapulmonary lymphoid tissues with a hemolytic-plaque assay. Splenectomized mice and recipients of adoptively transferred, sensitized lymphocytes were examined. We found that primary intratracheal (IT) immunization regularly failed to induce the appearance of AFC in lungs, whereas IT boosting of primed animals consistently succeeded. Immunization experiments showed that mice could be primed by any of a variety of local or systemic routes, but that the IT route of boosting was an absolute requirement for the induction of pulmonary AFC in primed mice. Recruitment of AFC into lungs by IT boosting of systemically primed and boosted animals was antigen specific. Splenectomy performed prior to priming reduced, but did not ablate, the pulmonary AFC-response to IT boosting. Adoptive transfer of sensitized lymphocytes to naive recipient mice substituted for antigen-priming, which is required for induction of pulmonary AFC by IT challenge. Results of adoptive transfer studies demonstrate that IT challenge with specific antigen recruits systemically administered sensitized lymphocytes into the lung. We conclude that local primary immunization of mice results in the generation of AFC in extrapulmonary lymphoid tissues and that the major mechanism for the appearance of AFC in lungs is through recruitment of sensitized cells from systemic sources by intrapulmonary boosting with specific antigen. PMID- 6687521 TI - Stimulation of rat intestinal protein synthesis by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - To study general stimulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on intestinal protein synthesis, slices of duodenal villi from 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated and vitamin D-deficient rats were incubated in vitro for 90 min at the surface of medium containing [3H]leucine. Incorporation of the [3H]leucine into TCA precipitated protein, which was shown to be linear for 12 h and 90% inhibited by cycloheximide, was increased by 50-60% at 26 h after a single injection of 125 ng of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (three experiments, P less than 0.001). The increase, which was not due to circadian rhythm fluctuations of the intestine, was in synchrony with the second Ca2+ transport response observed by Halloran and DeLuca (Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 208, 477-486, 1981). However, no significant difference in [3H]leucine incorporation was observed before or during the initial Ca2+ transport response observed by Halloran and DeLuca, i.e., at 1.0, 3.0, and 6.5 h following an injection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The late onset of the 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced increase in total protein synthesis implies that it is an indirect rather than a direct effect of the hormone. PMID- 6687522 TI - Isolation and characterization of a DNA sequence complementary to rat liver glutathione S-transferase B mRNA. AB - Total rat liver poly(A+)-RNA has been isolated from phenobarbital-treated rats and fractionated on sucrose gradients to enrich for glutathione S-transferase B mRNA. Poly(A+)-RNA fractions were assayed for glutathione S-transferase B mRNA activity by in vitro translation and those fractions enriched in glutathione S transferase B mRNA were used as a template for cDNA synthesis. The cDNA was cloned into the PstI site of pBR322 by G-C tailing. Bacterial clones harboring inserts complementary to glutathione S-transferase mRNA were identified by colony hybridization using a [32P]cDNA probe reverse transcribed from poly(A+)-RNA enriched significantly in glutathione S-transferase B mRNA and by hybrid-select translation. Two recombinant clones, pGTB6 and pGTB15 hybrid-selected the mRNAs specific for the Ya and Yc subunits, indicating these two mRNAs share significant sequence homology. Radiolabeled pGTB6 was utilized in RNA gel-blot experiments to determine that the size of glutathione S-transferase B mRNA is 980 nucleotides and the degree of induction of the mRNA in response to 3-methylcholanthrene administration is threefold. PMID- 6687523 TI - Enzymatic basis for the formation of pulmonary surfactant lipids by acyltransferase systems. PMID- 6687524 TI - Skeletal changes in preterm infants. PMID- 6687525 TI - Mycotic aortic aneurysm. A complication of Campylobacter fetus septicemia. AB - The first surviving case, to our knowledge, of a Campylobacter fetus mycotic aortic aneurysm is reported. Bacteremia and an ileofemoral thrombophlebitis preceded the development of the infected aneurysm, reconfirming the vascular tropism of this organism. The clinical similarity with infections caused by Salmonella choleraesuis is illustrated by this case. The full recovery of our patient attests to the efficacy of extralanatomic bypass combined with long-term antibiotic therapy in the treatment of aortic mycotic aneurysm. Because of frequent changes in nomenclature and insufficient emphasis on speciation of the various campylobacters, pathogenesis and optimal antimicrobial therapy for systemic C fetus infections have not yet been adequately defined. PMID- 6687527 TI - Rheumatoid meningitis. A case report and review of the literature. AB - Focal rheumatoid inflammation of the dura and leptomeninges was found in an 89 year-old man who was neurologically asymptomatic and had clinically inactive rheumatoid disease. Previous reports of this entity have not stressed that rheumatoid meningitis can be virtually asymptomatic and can develop in persons with apparently quiescent joint disease. The presence of vasculitis of the meningeal or cerebral vessels is associated with symptoms. Intracranial rheumatoid lesions were associated with rheumatoid lesions in other organs, especially the heart and lungs. PMID- 6687526 TI - Fulminant Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Its pathologic characteristics associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - Three patients with documented fulminant Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) (death on or before day 5 of illness) had severe multisystemic injury as shown by clinical signs and laboratory data, but on microscopic examination showed minimal evidence of the typical mononuclear leukocytic response to rickettsial vascular infection and injury. Thrombosis was more extensive than in classic RMSF, with fibrin thrombi located in foci of rickettsial infection. These patients had a rash either preterminally or not at all, particularly severe Rickettsia associated pulmonary lesions, and other shock-related lesions, eg, centrilobular hepatic necrosis. All three patients were male blacks with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, a condition recently associated with severity of RMSF. Diagnosis of fulminant RMSF requires awareness of its pathologic and epidemiologic aspects, and use of rickettsial isolation or specific immunofluorescence. PMID- 6687528 TI - Neuropathological findings in thanatophoric dysplasia. AB - Central nervous system abnormalities were found in seven infants with thanatophoric dysplasia, including two with cloverleaf skull deformity. These abnormalities were megalencephaly, dysplastic temporal cortex, lateral displacement of basal ganglia, dysplasia of several nuclei, and fiber tract deformities. They are characteristic and distinct components of thanatophoric dysplasia. PMID- 6687531 TI - A technique for fetal brain removal. PMID- 6687530 TI - Experimental Staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis in rabbit model. AB - To study the natural course of catheter-induced endocarditis secondarily infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis, 29 rabbits had catheters introduced surgically through the carotid artery to the aortic valve. Forty-eight hours later the catheters were removed from five rabbits. The rabbits were inoculated intravenously with 10(8) colony-forming units of S epidermidis. Autopsies done at various intervals showed all rabbits with indwelling catheters had noticeable aortic valve vegetations with positive cultures for S epidermidis. In the group with catheters removed after 48 hours, less severe valvular lesions were noted. Metastatic seeding to kidneys, spleen, and liver were noted in both groups. Because of low cure rate in the treatment of S epidermidis endocarditis, this rabbit model could be used to study antibiotic regimens for valvular endocarditis. PMID- 6687529 TI - Concurrence of subependymoma and heterotopic leptomeningeal neuroglial tissue. AB - Heterotopic neuroglial tissues in the leptomeninges are generally regarded as developmental malformations. They are uncommon in the general population (1%) but are more often found in patients with other CNS maldevelopments (25%). Of the 22 cases of subependymoma available for our study, four (18.2%) had concurrent heterotopic neuroglial tissue. The great majority of these neuroglial heterotopias were located over the brain stem and were topographically close to the subependymomas. Since the histogenetic nature of subependymoma, whether it represents a local maldevelopment (hamartoma) or a true neoplasm, is still uncertain, the concurrence of subependymoma and heterotopic leptomeningeal neuroglial tissue seems to support the concept that the tumor is a maldevelopment rather than a true neoplasm. PMID- 6687533 TI - Leiomyomatosis in pelvic lymph node. PMID- 6687532 TI - A severe infantile mucolipidosis. Clinical, biochemical, and pathologic features. AB - We studied a case of severe infantile mucolipidosis that fell within the clinical spectrum of mucolipidosis I. A 2,100-g girl was delivered by cesarean section at 30 weeks' gestation, after the development of polyhydramnios. Tense ascites and hepatomegaly were present at birth and persisted until her death at age 4 months. Although she was growth retarded, no dysmorphic features were evident. Mucopolysacchariduria was absent, and no lysosomal enzyme deficiencies were identified in cultures of fibroblasts. N-acetyl neuraminidase was not included in the assay. Excessive intracellular accumulation of material within membrane-bound vacuoles was demonstrated in all tissues examined by light and electron microscopy. This material had histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of both mucopolysaccharides and lipids. The placental trophoblasts, hepatocytes, neurons, glomerular epithelium, and mononuclear phagocytes were most affected. PMID- 6687534 TI - Metabolic disturbances in organophosphate insecticide poisoning. PMID- 6687535 TI - Ischemic injuries of the brain. Morphologic evolution. AB - A variety of ischemic mechanisms, including those secondary to an arterial occlusion and those of transient cardiac arrest, injured the brain in a diverse but predictable manner. Analyses of the topographic distribution of the lesions and evaluation of the cellular responses allowed prediction of the approximate age and most likely cause of the ischemic injury. Infarcts, caused by arterial occlusions, involved the corresponding arterial territory and were either pale or hemorrhagic, depending on whether the ischemic territory was reperfused. The hemorrhage of venous infarcts was more extensive than that of arterial infarcts. An extreme instance of nonocclusive global brain ischemia resulted from massive increases in intracranial pressure, as may happen after closed head injuries, with or without intracranial bleeding. Transient global ischemia caused by a cardiac arrest, for example, resulted in multifocal lesions that involved all brain components. PMID- 6687538 TI - Cystic adventitial degeneration of the popliteal artery. Its occurrence in a patient with the nail-patella syndrome. PMID- 6687536 TI - Factors related to parathyroid weight in normal persons. AB - In a study of the parathyroid glands from 100 subjects who consecutively underwent autopsy, we found that median individual gland weight was 25.7 mg (95% weighed between 8.2 and 75.0 mg) and median individual gland parenchymal weight was 17.2 mg (95% weighed between 5.3 and 49.3 mg). Values were significantly skewed toward higher weights. Glandular weights were lower in patients with chronic illnesses, lower in women than in men, and lower in whites than in blacks. We found an inverse correlation between parenchymal weight and serum calcium concentration. Our results suggested that both total and parenchymal weights have a wider range of normal than is generally appreciated, and that a variety of factors probably affect parathyroid gland weight. A reevaluation of the weight of the parathyroid gland in normal persons is needed. PMID- 6687537 TI - The yellow nail syndrome. Light and electron microscopic aspects of the pleura. AB - The yellow nail syndrome is a rare cause of recurrent pleural effusions. We studied a case of this entity, placing special emphasis on the microscopic and ultrastructural aspects of the pleural lymphatics. The patient had the classic symptoms of recurrent bilateral pleural effusions, yellow, dystrophic fingernails and toenails, and lower-limb edema. To control the pleural effusions, a left parietal pleurectomy was performed. Histologic study showed both pleura to be thickened with fibrosis and chronic inflammatory infiltration. The lymphatic capillaries in the visceral pleura were dilated. Electron microscopy confirmed the lymphatic nature of these capillaries. We believe that these ectatic lymphatic capillaries suggest a downstream obstruction to the lymph drainage. PMID- 6687539 TI - Extraepithelial enterochromaffin cells and Schwann cells in the human appendix. AB - To test earlier theories on the subject, extraepithelial enterochromaffin (EEEC) cells were sought in the mucosa of 500 appendixes and in the solid axial cores of 283 others whose lumina were obliterated over part or all of their lengths. The EEEC cells were lying free in the lamina propria of 53% of the specimens with intact lumina and in the axial cores of 49% of the obliterated specimens. In both locations they were invariably accompanied by Schwann cells and neurites, which were often present in markedly increased numbers. Therefore, because they occur so frequently in nonepithelial locations, enterochromaffin cells can no longer be considered as exclusively epithelial. Their close association with Schwann cells and neurites suggests that they may have some sort of neural function. PMID- 6687540 TI - Evolution of liver disease in morbid obesity after small-intestinal bypass and its restoration. A case report. AB - We studied a woman who underwent a jejunoileal bypass for the treatment of morbid obesity and in whom severe jaundice and hepatic failure developed six months later; these developments prompted restoration of the normal continuity of the small bowel. Four serial wedge biopsy specimens of the liver were taken during a three-year follow-up. The first biopsy was performed before the bypass surgery, the second six months after the operation, the third three months after restoration of normal continuity of the bowel, and the fourth three years later. The biopsy specimens clearly showed the morphologic changes of the liver in obesity, the effect of small intestinal bypass and its reversal on hepatic structure, and the natural evolution of liver disease in morbid obesity. PMID- 6687541 TI - Single coronary artery arising anomalously from the pulmonary trunk. AB - A case of sudden death in a 10-day-old infant was studied. Pathologic findings included myocardial infarction and a single coronary artery that arose anomalously from the pulmonary artery. This was the only source of the coronary arterial blood supply. PMID- 6687544 TI - Ossification patterns of costal cartilages as an indicator of sex. AB - The importance of developing a simple, reproducible, and inexpensive method for determining age and sex from completely or partially skeletonized and unidentified human material is obvious. Roentgenographic examination of chest plates from 651 autopsy cases in which age, race, and sex were known and ages ranged from 20 years of age and older were used in this study. Marginal and central subperichondrial ossification patterns, when present, afforded a relatively simple, rapid, inexpensive, and accurate means of identifying sex in 302 cases. In the present series, the predictive ability of this technique lies in a range of 80% to 90%. Sex-adjusted values, though of limited statistical value, suggest that marginal subperichondrial ossification pattern is of somewhat less accurate (75% to 80%) predictive ability for the male sex than is a central subperichondrial ossification pattern for the female sex (greater than 90%). Predictive abilities of these ossification patterns in the different races are quite similar. PMID- 6687543 TI - Recognition and management of child abuse by the surgical pathologist. AB - Child abuse is well recognized by most primary care physicians, radiologists, and forensic pathologists. However, the surgical pathologist may also become involved in child abuse cases. This is illustrated by two cases. In addition to recognition of child abuse, the surgical pathologist must be aware of his legal responsibilities. PMID- 6687542 TI - Polysplenia complex and duodenal atresia. A case report. AB - The association between splenic abnormalities, congenital heart defects, and abnormalities in the location and shape of other viscera is well established in the literature. Intestinal atresia is rarely found with either the polysplenia or asplenia syndromes. We studied a case of polysplenia syndrome accompanied by duodenal atresia; we believe that duodenal atresia is a rare but predictable complication of the polysplenia complex. PMID- 6687545 TI - Massive mural edema in severe pseudomembranous colitis. AB - Three patients had severe acute pseudomembranous colitis due to Clostridium difficile toxin and required surgical resection. In addition to the characteristic mucosal lesions, the colonic specimens showed a marked degree of diffuse mural edema that extended into the muscularis propia and involved areas of the colon with and without pseudomembranes. To our knowledge, such extreme edema has not been previously noted in pathologic descriptions of this disorder; it may possibly result from a toxic effect on the vessels combined with a large parenteral fluid replacement. Lesser degrees may be seen in other forms of acute colitis, but it would appear that the presence of massive and diffuse mural edema is most typical of Clostridia-associated colitis. The detection of such edema in a case of acute colitis should prompt an investigation for antibiotic usage and C difficile toxins. PMID- 6687547 TI - A computer data bank system for otolaryngologic and audiologic data. AB - A data bank system has been in routine clinical operation for more than two years in our department. It is used to record histories, physical findings, and audiometric data; to produce reports that are sent with short covering letters to referring physicians, and to establish a data bank for research. Although originally created for noise-induced hearing loss claimants referred by the Workmen's Compensation Board, the system was designed, from the start, to be applicable to a wide range of clinical conditions. This report describes the conceptual approach to the data bank and certain practical details involved. The system is quick and effective to use, and it can be run on a relatively small microcomputer. PMID- 6687548 TI - Issues in the assessment of candidates for cochlear implants. PMID- 6687546 TI - Type 3 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis? PMID- 6687549 TI - Role of lung surfactant in cerebral decompression sickness. AB - Five dogs have been embolized by air infusion into the venous system, then sacrificed and the pulmonary vasculature isolated by ligatures while ventilation was maintained for a further hour. In a sixth animal, the embolization was omitted. The lungs were back-perfused with plasma from the same dog and successive aliquots of the back-flushings analysed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), each spot being removed for phosphorus determination. The results showed that the major lipid component was the phosphatidyl cholines, while lysophosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl ethanolamines, and sphingomyelins were also identified in significant quantities. A phosphorus balance for the lungs showed a significant migration of phospholipids from the tissue into pulmonary blood, phosphatidyl cholines increasing by a factor of 10.6. This migration of surfactant is discussed as an important factor in determining whether trapped pulmonary air emboli are released into the arterial system when their surface area is reduced by pressurization, suggesting that recompression should not be too rapid. PMID- 6687551 TI - A model for atracurium? PMID- 6687550 TI - Pharmacokinetics of atracurium besylate in healthy patients (after a single i.v. bolus dose). AB - The plasma decay of atracurium besylate was examined in two groups of six patients. Group I received atracurium 0.6 mg kg-1 and group II 0.3 mg kg-1 as a single bolus dose i.v. The plasma concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. An individual two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was used for interpretation. The results from the two groups were not significantly different, giving overall mean values of 2 min (+/- 0.2 SEM) for the distribution half-life (T1/2 alpha), 19.9 min (+/- 0.6) for the elimination half-life (T1/2 beta), 5.5 ml min-1 kg-1 (+/- 0.2) for total clearance (Cl) and 157 ml kg-1 (+/- 7) for total distribution volume (Varea). PMID- 6687552 TI - Inhibitor of protein C and combined deficiency of factors V and VIII. PMID- 6687553 TI - Effect of poly(ethylene glycol) on phospholipid hydration and polarity of the external phase. AB - The hydration properties of phosphatidylcholine (PC)/water dispersions on the addition of poly(ethylene glycol) were studied by means of 2H-NMR. The quadrupole splittings and their temperature dependences correspond to measurements of PC/water dispersions at low water content. It is concluded that the bound water is partly extracted by poly(ethylene glycol) but the binding properties of the water in the inner hydration shell of about five water molecules are not changed. The ability of some phospholipid/water dispersions to undergo phase transitions to nonlamellar structures upon dehydration is discussed. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and egg phosphatidylcholine do not form nonlamellar structures on addition of purified poly(ethylene glycol), as was demonstrated by means of 31P-NMR. Poly(ethylene glycol) decreases the polarity of the aqueous phase and the partition of hydrophobic molecules between the membrane and the external phase is changed. This was demonstrated using the excimer fluorescence of pyrene in a ghost suspension. It is suggested that the changes in polarity and hydration on the addition of poly(ethylene glycol) can contribute to the alterations in the membrane surface observed under conditions of membrane contact and fusion. PMID- 6687554 TI - A synthetic emulsion reproduces the functional properties of pulmonary surfactant. AB - An effective substitute for pulmonary surfactant must be able to reduce water vapour surface tensions to under 1 mN/m and it must spread rapidly and spontaneously at the air interface from the aqueous phase. Pure dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine meets the former requirement, but not the latter. A synthetic surfactant is described which meets both of these criteria. The surfactant is prepared as a DPPC monolayer stabilizing an aqueous emulsion of an inert fluorocarbon oil; it spreads rapidly at the air/liquid interface, lowers the surface tension to under 1 mN/m during compression at the air/liquid interface and restores normal pressure-volume characteristics to surfactant depleted lungs. PMID- 6687555 TI - [Software for the analysis of parameters of psychophysical stress from long-term ECG recordings]. PMID- 6687557 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases. Extract from the annual report of the Chief Medical Officer of the Department of Health and Social Security of the year 1980. PMID- 6687556 TI - Tin-protoporphyrin suppression of hyperbilirubinemia in mutant mice with severe hemolytic anemia. AB - Tin-protoporphyrin is a potent competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase both in vivo in animals and in vitro in isolated enzyme preparations, and when administered to neonatal rats, prevents the development of postnatal hyperbilirubinemia. In this study we examined the effect of the metalloporphyrin on the activity of heme oxygenase in liver, kidney, and spleen, and on the level of bilirubin in plasma in three types of anemic mutant mice with severe hemolytic diseases. We report that the administration of tin-protoporphyrin to anemic mutants homozygous for severe hemolytic disease results in substantial inhibition of heme oxidation in liver, spleen, and kidney and in significant reduction of plasma bilirubin levels. Tin-protoporphyrin thus has the capacity to significantly inhibit in vivo heme degradation and to concurrently diminish plasma bilirubin levels in severe chronic hemolytic disorders. PMID- 6687558 TI - Testing a theory of brain function by computer methods. AB - Using a personal computer as a tool, methods of studying the time course and sequencing of human brain processes are described. Reasons are given for choosing the visual system and brain control of eye movement as the input-output model for tracing the processes. With such a model it is possible to study the spectrum of functions from initial input processes to higher level controls often attributed to the prefrontal cortex. The testing technique was devised for use in relation to a unified theory of brain processing but it is a useful approach to functional assessment regardless of the particular theory being evaluated. PMID- 6687559 TI - Differences in the sensitivities of murine metastatic lymphoma/lymphosarcoma variants to macrophage-mediated cytolysis and/or cytostasis. AB - A metastasizing animal tumor model for large cell lymphoma or lymphosarcoma has been established by sequential selection in vivo of the RAW117 parental cell line in BALB/c mice for enhanced colonization of liver or lung and in vitro for lack of binding to immobilized lectins. The parental RAW117 and selected sublines and clones derived from these were compared for their sensitivities in vitro to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-activated syngeneic macrophages in cytolysis and cytostasis assays. Activated but not unactivated macrophages had differing effects on RAW117 sublines and clones. The least metastatic (parental) cell line was the most sensitive to activated macrophage-mediated cytolysis and cytostasis, while the most metastatic subline was the least sensitive in these assays. Intermediate metastatic sublines or cones were usually less sensitive in one or both of the assays. These antitumor activities were negligible at 24 hr in the continuous presence of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid but were clearly apparent by 48 to 72 hr. The results suggest that differential sensitivity to host macrophage surveillance mechanisms can occur in malignant cell subpopulations. PMID- 6687560 TI - Phase II study of AMSA in refractory testicular cancer. PMID- 6687561 TI - Amsacrine (AMSA) in the treatment of lymphoma. PMID- 6687562 TI - Clones from cultured, B16 mouse-melanoma cells resistant to wheat-germ agglutinin and with altered production of mucin-type glycoproteins. AB - Several clones resistant to wheat-germ-agglutinin toxicity were isolated from B16 mouse-melanoma cells. The resistance may be explained in part by fewer binding sites for the agglutinin on the variant lines; the total, cellular sialic acid content appeared somewhat reduced. Analysis of cell glycoproteins indicated a decreased content of sialic acid in one glycoconjugate that binds to wheat-germ agglutinin and has O-linked oligosaccharides. PMID- 6687563 TI - The accumulation of delta-crystallin mRNA in transdetermination and transdifferentiation of neural retina cells into lens. AB - By means of hybridization with DNA complementary to delta-crystallin mRNA (delta mRNA) sequences (delta-cDNA), the levels of delta-mRNA in three different culture systems of 8-day-old chick embryonic neural retina were determined. After 30 days of culturing in vitro, the level of delta-mRNA in cells cultured under conditions of spreading cultures (SpC) was 50 times higher than in the cells maintained in aggregate cultures (AgC) throughout. When the cells pre-cultivated in SpC for an initial 10 days were transferred into AgC, the delta-mRNA level in 30-day cultures was 40 times higher than that in 3-day SpC. The level of delta-mRNA in neural retina in situ was negligible, but it became detectable in 10-day SpC. The initial appearance of detectable delta-mRNA in 10-day SpC coincides with the timing of 'transdetermination' of neural retina cells into lens cells. PMID- 6687564 TI - Transformation of normal human skin fibroblasts by 1-nitropyrene and 6 nitrobenzo[a]pyrene. PMID- 6687565 TI - Relationships among human amniotic fluid dipalmitoyl lecithin, postpartum respiratory compliance, and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. AB - The major molecular species of amniotic fluid phosphatidylcholine were determined as diacylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether derivatives by gas-liquid chromatography with use of glass capillary columns. We studied amniotic fluid specimens from 48 pregnancies. As expected, the major disaturated species of amniotic fluid phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, and palmitoylmyristoylphosphatidylcholine increased with gestational age, whereas phosphatidylcholine species with 34, 36, and 38 carbon atoms in the acyl radicals decreased. Although the amniotic fluid samples were obtained shortly before parturition (4.2 +/- 3.7 h, mean +/- SD), the correlation between dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine concentration in amniotic fluid and gestational age was better than between dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine concentration and the compliance of the respiratory system of the newborns. In addition, the percentage of amniotic fluid phosphatidylcholine species present as dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine seemed to be a more reliable predictor of lung maturity than was the absolute dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine concentration in amniotic fluid. PMID- 6687566 TI - Large versus small fenestration technique in stapedectomy. A comparative investigation of House and Fisch prostheses in stapedectomy. AB - Sixty patients with otosclerosis have been operated on by 2 different techniques using either a small fenestra or a large fenestra. The hearing improvement by using a Fisch prosthesis (small fenestra) was significantly better in the high frequency range compared to results obtained by using a House prosthesis on a vein (large fenestra). Due to significantly better hearing in the higher frequencies the Fisch prosthesis is recommended. In technically difficult cases of stapedectomy, where extraction of the footplate is difficult or impossible the Fisch prosthesis can be valuable. PMID- 6687567 TI - Computerized body plethysmography: an algorithm for minimizing drift and hysteresis. AB - The use of linear regression for on-line data processing of airway resistance measurements in the body plethysmograph may be difficult. When airflow (V) is plotted against plethysmographic pressure (Pbox), the resulting loop exhibits hysteresis and may drift along the PBox axis. Although the slope of the V-PBox loop can be estimated visually, computer calculations of the slope are difficult if baseline drift is present. Taking the derivatives of V and PBox eliminates the effect of drift and reduces the loops to a series of essentially parallel lines from which the slope can be readily calculated using linear regression. The identical technique can be employed when mouth pressure is plotted against plethysmographic pressure, enabling on-line calculation of thoracic gas volume. PMID- 6687568 TI - Introduction to the operational aspects of digital fluoroscopy. PMID- 6687569 TI - How does lung structure affect gas exchange? AB - The lung is characterized morphologically by establishing a very large surface and an exceedingly thin barrier between air and blood. A model for relating these structural features to the lung's gas exchange function is first developed. It is then shown that DO2 estimated by morphometry is about two times larger than that estimated by physiology; there are possible reasons for this. Comparing animals of high activity (dog, horse) with corresponding species of lower activity (man, cow) reveals that DO2 is proportional to O2 needs. The mechanical properties of the lung are discussed which allow such a large surface with such a thin barrier to be maintained lifelong. Surfactant properties of the lining layer are important factors in stabilizing the alveolar surface. Repair processes are also essential and require metabolic activities of the cells lining the barrier. The case of adult respiratory distress syndrome is used to illustrate the consequences of severe damage to the cell linings of alveoli: the barrier is thickened, and a good part of the alveolar surface is flooded by edema fluid, so that gas exchange is severely impaired. PMID- 6687570 TI - Effect of calcium and phosphorus on the gastrointestinal absorption of 203Pb in man. AB - Calcium and phosphorus were mainly responsible for reducing the gastrointestinal absorption of lead in human subjects. The effect of calcium was greater than phosphorus, and their combined effect was more than additive. Increasing weights of calcium and phosphorus progressively reduced lead absorption. The relationship between absorption and increasing weights could be described by two negative exponentials. These effects could be explained if lead competed with calcium and phosphorus for common transport mechanisms in the gut. Milk was also found to reduce lead absorption. Adding milk to the diet of people with low dietary calcium intake could reduce the possibility of increased absorption of ingested lead. PMID- 6687571 TI - Rabbit lungs after long-term exposure to low nickel dust concentration. I. Effects on phospholipid concentration and surfactant activity. AB - Rabbits were exposed for 4 or 8 months (5 days/week, 6 hr/day) to 0.13 +/- 0.05 mg/m3 (mean +/- SD) of metallic nickel dust. After exposure the left lung was homogenized and its content of phospholipids as well as the concentration and composition of the phosphatidylcholines were estimated. The right lung was lavaged and the surface tension of the lavage fluid was studied with a pulsating bubble technique. Both exposed groups showed a similar increase in total phospholipids, about 20% in the upper lobe and 30% in the lower lobe. The increase was mainly, possibly totally, due to an elevated level of phosphatidylcholines, especially disaturated species. Surface tension was significantly lower in exposed rabbits after 4 months of exposure but it was similar to that of the controls after 8 months. PMID- 6687572 TI - Acute circulatory collapse caused by platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) in dogs. AB - Synthetic platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) was shown to act as a shock inducer when a dose of 9 or 36 nmol . kg-1 was injected i.v. into dogs anesthetized with 30 mg . kg-1 i.v. sodium pentobarbitone. Nine nmol . kg-1 PAF acether caused portal vein and pulmonary artery hypertension but only transiently; blood TXB2 and 6 keto PGF1 alpha levels rose; there was a lasting fall of 77% in systemic blood pressure, cardiac output fell by 86%, heart rate by 17%, plasma volume by 43%, and femoral artery blood flow by 66%, whereas the hematocrit rose by 33%. A dose of 36 nmol . kg-1 PAF-acether reduced coronary artery blood flow by 56%, diminished myocardial O2 consumption, raised O2 extraction and caused metabolic acidosis leading to death in 2 out of 7 animals. All these changes displayed the typical features of common acute circulatory collapse with distributive and hypovolemic etiologies, suggesting that PAF acether might be an endogenous mediator in the early and late stages of shock. PMID- 6687573 TI - Changes of duodenal spermine-binding activity caused by vitamin D deficiency. PMID- 6687574 TI - Early morphological changes in the endothelium of a peripheral artery of rabbits fed an atherogenic diet. AB - The effect of an atherogenic diet on the endothelium of the central artery of the rabbit ear was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Examination of the inner surface of the artery after only 5 weeks on the diet revealed morphological changes including irregularly shaped cells, breaks at intercellular junctions, swelling of the membrane over the central part of the cells, and occasional holes in the cells. By 9 weeks more severe damage was seen including lifting off of cells and some holes. In addition, arrays of dark spots were seen by scanning electron microscopy in some cells in arteries of rabbits fed the diet for 5 to 9 weeks. The dark spots may correspond to abnormally large vacuoles seen inside endothelial cells by transmission electron microscopy. The central ear artery and aorta of some rabbits were tested for their ability to convert arachidonic acid into prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 by radioimmunoassay of the stable metabolites 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2. The vessels from rabbits fed the atherogenic diet did not differ from vessels of rabbits on the control diet in their production of either metabolite. PMID- 6687575 TI - [The effects of plasma exchange upon patients with malignant exophthalmos due to Graves' disease]. PMID- 6687576 TI - [Serum ratios of triiodothyronine to thyroxine and reverse-triiodothyronine in Graves' disease and destruction-induced thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 6687577 TI - Regulation of oviduct function in pigs by local transfer of ovarian steroids and prostaglandins: a mechanism to influence sperm transport. AB - Blood was collected from a prominent ear vein and from the arterioles supplying the caudal portion of each oviduct in 5 estrous animals. Sampling was arranged at 4 preovulatory intervals, and just after ovulation in the fifth animal. Steroid hormones and prostaglandins were determined by radioimmunoassay of plasma. Whereas the concentration of cortisol did not differ between peripheral and oviduct blood samples, the overall values for progesterone, androstenedione and estradiol were significantly higher in oviduct samples (P less than 0.001) - frequently by 5- to 10-fold or more. The concentration of these three hormones in oviduct blood corresponded, in most instances, with the number of preovulatory follicles or recent ovulations in the adjacent ovary but suitable statistical correlations could not be performed. Prostaglandin F2 alpha was also present in higher concentrations in oviduct compared with peripheral plasma (P less than 0.005), although pulmonary clearance of prostaglandins would have influenced the peripheral values. Differences in the concentration of prostaglandin E2 were not significant. A local transfer of follicular hormones from the ovarian vein to the ovarian and utero-tubal arteries is proposed as a means of regulating oviduct function. Elevated concentrations of steroids and prostaglandins transferred in this way would permit incisive changes in the patency and contractile activity of the isthmus, thereby facilitating the periovulatory phase of sperm transport from the caudal portion of the oviduct to the site of fertilization. PMID- 6687578 TI - A crossover comparative study with two bulk laxatives. AB - Twenty elderly in-patients suffering from severe constipation were treated once daily for 2 weeks with each of two bulk laxatives. The preparations were allocated randomly as the first and second preparation. Agiolax, the new preparation, contained 15 mg senna glucosides, the old preparation, Lunelax comp., contained 25 mg senna glucoside A + B per dose. Both preparations worked well and no side-effects were seen. PMID- 6687579 TI - Cochlear implants in children. AB - In recent years, the House single-electrode cochlear implant has proven to be a clinically feasible prosthesis for profoundly deaf adults. Based on these findings, the decision was made to begin implanting those children who could not benefit from hearing aids. As of August 1982, 23 profoundly deaf children (ranging in age from 3.4 to 17.5 yrs) have received the cochlear implant. The majority were deafened by meningitis. Results to date indicate that children demonstrate sound field thresholds and receive timing/intensity information comparable to that of adult implant patients. Results have been extremely encouraging, but only long-term experience will determine the ultimate benefit of the implant in children. PMID- 6687581 TI - Gastric aspirate lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and neonatal breathing difficulties. AB - Gastric aspirate lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios in newborn infants at risk to develop breathing difficulties were studied. 51.6% of the infants with an immature L/S value developed clinical respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In the RDS infants, the gastric aspirate L/S value was immature in 94.1%. The gastric aspirate L/S values of the infants with transient tachypnea or perinatal asphyxia did not differ significantly from those of the healthy infants. The severity of RDS correlated inversely to the gastric aspirate L/S value (r = -0.63, p less than 0.001, n = 17). The gastric aspirate L/S value can be used in differential diagnosis between RDS and other neonatal breathing difficulties. It is also a predictor of the severity of the developing RDS. PMID- 6687583 TI - Digital doctors. Physicians are warming up to computers, with surprising results. PMID- 6687582 TI - [Pain relief with morphine, intrathecally or peridurally?]. AB - We investigated pain relief following 1-2 mg morphine intrathecally applied in 7 patients with cancer pains and in 5 patients with multiple rib fractures (group 1). For postoperative pain relief (group 2) we applied 1-2 mg morphine intrathecally in 26 patients immediately before the induction of the anaesthesia. In 30 patients we applied 4 mg morphine epidurally in 10-20 ml saline solution for postoperative pain relief (group 3). In the first group the duration of the pain relief was 25,2 hours, in the second group 31 hours and in the third group 15,7 hours. In the second group a respiratory depression occurred in 3 cases and was successfully treated with naloxon. In the third group a bladder disorder occurred in two cases. Because of the risk of respiratory depression following intrathecally applied morphine, we recommend the epidural way of application. PMID- 6687580 TI - Treatment of advanced uterine sarcoma with vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide. AB - Between 1971 and 1979, seventy-four patients with metastatic or advanced recurrent sarcoma of uterine origin were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). The probability of survival at 2 and 5 years was 23 and 15%, respectively. The response rate for patients with measurable disease was 28.9% (15.6% partial responses and 13.3% complete responses). The median duration of a complete response was 16 months and that of a partial response was 5.5 months. The median survival of the complete responders was prolonged when compared to nonresponders. PMID- 6687586 TI - Liposome induction or enhancement of macrophage-mediated cancer cell lysis. AB - Liposomes of different composition have been used to modify macrophage-mediated destruction of syngeneic cancer cells through a modulation of membrane lipid content of macrophages and/or tumor cells. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)1 liposomes induce cancer cell lysis by normal, non-tumoricidal, peritoneal macrophages and enhance tumor cell destruction by BCG-activated macrophages. This effect was produced by large and small unilamellar liposomes, which are in the 25,000 g supernatant of sonicated preparations. Addition of cholesterol or negative charges carried by dicetylphosphate supressed the effect of DPPC liposomes on macrophage-mediated cytolysis. Enhancement of macrophage-mediated tumor cell lysis was observed when both cancer cells and macrophages were incubated with DPPC liposomes, but not when macrophages and/or tumor cells were preincubated with liposomes prior to their coincubation. Liposomes did not promote the binding of the cancer cells to the macrophages. Liposomes could promote formation of phospholipid domains within the plasma membrane of both tumor cells and macrophages leading to the destruction of cancer cells through a temporary fusion with the macrophages. PMID- 6687587 TI - [The "unhappy triad" (UT): slogan or reality in fresh knee injuries?]. PMID- 6687585 TI - Clonal development of lymphomas induced by Rauscher leukemia virus. PMID- 6687584 TI - Description of six new Gc variants. AB - Gc subtyping by isoelectric focusing and routine conventional electrophoresis demonstrated six new variants (mutants): Gc1C16, Gc1C23, Gc1C25, Gc2A12, Gc2A13, and Gc2C7. The variants were confirmed by the acknowledged Gc Reference Laboratories of Drs. J. Constans and H. Cleve. Gc1C16, Gc1C23, and Gc2A12 are tentative variants due to absence of family data to confirm their heritability. PMID- 6687588 TI - Contact-angle hysteresis induced by pulmonary surfactants. AB - Hydrophilic surfaces in the form of glass slides have been coated with monolayers of three of the major components of pulmonary surfactant, and the wettabilities of the resulting surfaces have been studied by applying a single drop of saline. As fluid was added and removed over successive cycles, there was much hysteresis between the contact angle measured by a goniometer and the location of the triple point. All three surfactants, especially dipalmitoyl lecithin, were found to impart antiwetting properties, with maximum (advancing) contact angles sometimes exceeding 90 degrees and minimum (receding) contact angles seldom less than 28 degrees. In all cases (216 cycles on 36 films) fluid receded to expose the dry subphase. The hysteresis loops agree well with a similar loop calculated from published data for a cat lung in which the pressure-volume cycle has been established for both liquid and air inflation. Contact-angle hysteresis is offered as a possible alternative to surface tension as the surface parameter primarily responsible for the interfacial contribution to compliance hysteresis in the excised lung. PMID- 6687589 TI - High-frequency oscillations via the pleural surface: an alternative mode of ventilation? AB - We applied high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) of low amplitude to the pleural surface of the isolated rat lung (IPL) perfused at 10 ml X min-1 with Krebs bicarbonate containing 4.5% albumin (hematocrit 34%). Lung volume was held constant by a continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) of 5 cmH2O. Varying CPAP from 2 to 15 cmH2O did not affect O2 uptake. Tidal volume (VT) was estimated with an impedance pneumograph, and it bore a direct linear relationship to the amplitude of both the loudspeaker input signal and the pressure change in the chamber up to 30 Hz; VT was inversely proportional to the frequency (f). However, at a constant loudspeaker input of 10 V, minute expired ventilation (VE) remained constant (mean 104 ml X min-1) as f increased from 5 to 30 Hz. Hemoglobin saturation increased by more than 80% during HFOV of 5-40 Hz and amplitude of 10 V, the maximum O2 uptake being 14.6 ml O2 per 100 ml perfusate. Whereas dead space was approximately 335 microliters, a VT of less than 40 microliters could effect normal O2 uptake, suggesting that bulk flow is playing only a minor role in gas exchange. HFOV for 60 min (CPAP 5 cmH2O) did not affect the amount of alveolar surfactant compared with conventional ventilation at the same mean airway pressure. We conclude that normal O2 uptake can be maintained by applying HFOV to the pleural surface of the IPL held at constant volume. PMID- 6687590 TI - Studies on the site of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 synthesis in vivo. AB - Anephric, vitamin D-deficient male rats were injected with a physiologic dose of 25-hydroxy[26,27-3H]vitamin D3 (specific activity of 160 Ci/mmol), and 18-20 h later, intestine, bone, and serum were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography for 1,25-dihydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D3. Identical studies were carried out using sham-operated rats and rats with ligated ureters. No 1,25 dihydroxy[26,27-3H]vitamin D3 was detected in the tissues from anephric rats, while large amounts were detected in sham-operated and ureteric ligated controls. This result demonstrates that in the nonpregnant rat, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is either not synthesized or is synthesized in vanishingly small amounts in bone and intestine in vivo, casting considerable doubt of the physiological importance of reports of in vitro synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by cells in culture derived from bone and elsewhere. PMID- 6687591 TI - Inhibition of adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc by (20R)-20-phenyl-5-pregnene-3 beta,20-diol. AB - The effects of the cholesterol analogue, (20R)-20-phenyl-5-pregnene-3 beta,20 diol (20-PPD), on the catalytic and spectral properties of purified bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc were investigated. In contrast to results with cholesterol and (20R)-20-hydroxycholesterol, no conversion of 20-PPD to pregnenolone could be detected; instead, 20-PPD was found to be a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P-450scc. Kinetic analyses showed that the inhibition is reversible and competitive with respect to cholesterol with an apparent Ki = 30nM. Spectral binding studies with ferricytochrome P-450scc showed that 20-PPD formed a 1:1 complex with the enzyme, having an absorption spectrum similar to that produced by (20R)-20-hydroxycholesterol. These results indicate that 20-PPD binds with very high affinity to the substrate site on cytochrome P-450scc. The finding that the phenyl side chain is readily accommodated suggests the presence in this site of an open pocket which may be normally occupied by C-22 to C-27 of the cholesterol side chain. PMID- 6687593 TI - The significance of reutilization of surfactant phosphatidylcholine. AB - To assess the magnitude of reutilization of surfactant phosphatidylcholine, 68 3 day-old rabbits were injected intratracheally with a trace dose of [3H]choline labeled surfactant mixed with [14C]palmitate-labeled synthetic dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. After timed kills we measured the total phosphatidylcholine associated counts/min in whole lung and alveolar wash and the specific activities of phosphatidylcholine in the alveolar wash, lamellar bodies, and microsomes isolated from the lung of each rabbit. Using a modification of the compartment analysis of Skinner et al. (Skinner, S. M., Clark, R. E., Baker, N., and Shipley, R. A. (1959) Am. J. Physiol. 196, 238-244), we found that surfactant phosphatidylcholine was reutilized with greater than 90% efficiency. The turnover time of the alveolar wash phosphatidylcholine was estimated to be 10.1 h and 9.3 h as measured by the 3H and 14C labels, respectively. From the ratios of alveolar wash-associated natural to synthetic phosphatidylcholine specific activities and from similar ratios obtained in 30 additional rabbits using [14C]choline-labeled natural surfactant and [3H]choline-labeled dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, we showed that phosphatidylcholine was reutilized intact rather than as component parts. Within 6 h of injection, the synthetic dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine functioned metabolically as that administered in the form of natural surfactant. PMID- 6687592 TI - A new muscle phenotype is expressed by subcultured quail myoblasts isolated from future fast and slow muscles. AB - Differentiation of quail myoblasts, isolated from thigh pectoralis and anterior latissimus dorsi muscle, was analyzed in primary cultures and in cultures obtained following repeated subculturing. Our study shows that quail myoblasts can survive many generations without losing their ability to form myotubes. However, during these subcultures the cells progressively express a new phenotype. This phenotype is characterized by a mixture of myosin light chains such that LC1F, LC2F, and LC2S are present in roughly equimolar amounts, each accounting for 25 to 30% of the total light chain synthesis while LC1S accounts for the remaining 10 to 15%, and by a mixture of fast and slow alpha tropomyosin in which alpha S accounts for 10 to 15% of the alpha subunits synthesis. Clonal analysis indicates that all cells in the population express this phenotype which is also characteristic of subcultures obtained from both future fast and slow muscles. Relationships between this phenotype and muscle development are discussed. PMID- 6687594 TI - Developmental expression of growth hormone and prolactin genes in the bovine pituitary. AB - Cell-free translation was used to initially characterize the major mRNA species present in the bovine anterior pituitary as a function of development. The only detectable change in translation products, which occurred during the transition from fetus to adult, was a reversal in the relative ratio of pituitary growth hormone and prolactin. Subsequent hybridization analysis with cloned growth hormone and prolactin cDNA probes indicated that growth hormone mRNA comprised over 40% of the total fetal mRNA and was 50- to 100-fold higher than prolactin mRNA. The steady state levels of growth hormone mRNA remained relatively constant throughout gestation. In contrast, prolactin mRNA levels, which were low early in gestation, increased during development to become the principal mRNA in the adult pituitary. Since growth hormone and prolactin are synthesized and secreted by specialized cells (somatotrophs and mammotrophs, respectively) immunochemical staining was used to determine whether the changes in the mRNA levels for these two hormones were a reflection of specific cell proliferation. For growth hormone, there was a close correlation between the number of somatotrophs and the relative levels of growth hormone mRNA. In contrast, the increase in prolactin mRNA exceeded the increase in the number of mammotrophs. Thus, the cellular concentration of growth hormone mRNA remains relatively constant during development, while the cellular concentration of prolactin mRNA increases by more than an order of magnitude. PMID- 6687595 TI - Direct demonstration of glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation by intact L cells. AB - Glucocorticoid-sensitive L-cells were cultured for 18 h in the presence of [32P]orthophosphate and steroid-binding proteins of cytosol were separated by affinity chromatography and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Cytosol contains a major phosphoprotein of Mr = 92,000 and a minor phosphoprotein of Mr = 100,000, both of which bind glucocorticoids in a stereospecific, high affinity manner and have the same Mr as glucocorticoid receptor species that have been covalently labeled with the site specific affinity ligand [3H] 9 alpha-fluoro-16-methyl-11 beta,17 alpha,21 trihydroxypregna-1, 4-diene-3,20-dione 21-mesylate. Cytosol from 32P-labeled, glucocorticoid-resistant L-cells possessing 5% of the steroid-binding capacity of sensitive cells contains very little of the Mr = 92,000 phosphoprotein and none of the Mr = 100,000 phosphoprotein. These observations provide strong evidence that the glucocorticoid receptor is phosphorylated by intact L-cells. The Mr = 92,000 protein is phosphorylated on serine and it can be resolved into two species using isoelectric focusing, consistent with the proposal that there is more than 1 phosphorylated serine/steroid-binding unit. The glucocorticoid resistant L-cell line produces a unique phosphoprotein of Mr = 104,000 that is recovered in variable amounts after affinity chromatography. It is not known whether this phosphoprotein is a separate gene product or whether it represents a precursor with weak steroid-binding activity that is not cleaved in the resistant cell to the high affinity, Mr = 92,000 mature receptor form. PMID- 6687596 TI - The effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on the stimulation of intestinal calcium transport by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - The effect of altering the lipid composition of the brush-border membrane on the ability of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) to stimulate calcium transport across the intestinal mucosa was examined by raising chicks on a vitamin D, essential fatty acid-deficient diet (-DEFAD) and measuring calcium absorption from duodenal sacs in situ and calcium uptake into brush-border membrane vesicles in vitro. Administration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 to -DEFAD and to -D control chicks led to the same increase in calcium transport in situ, whereas calcium transport in isolated brush-border membrane vesicles was not stimulated in the EFAD group, but responded normally in the control group. When the incubation temperature was increased to 34 degrees C, brush-border membrane vesicles from 1,25-(OH)2D3 treated essential fatty acid-deficient (+DE-FAD) chicks accumulated calcium at a faster rate than did vesicles from -DEFAD chicks. There was a marked decrease in the linoleic acid content and an increase in the oleic acid content of both the total lipid extract of the brush-border membrane as well as the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions, which could explain the temperature sensitivity of the in vitro system. When the diet of the EFAD chicks was supplemented with linoleic acid, the rate of calcium uptake into subsequently isolated vesicles from +DE-FAD chicks correlated with the amount of linoleic acid in the brush-border membranes. These results support the concept that the action of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on membrane lipid turnover and structure plays a critically important role in the 1,25-(OH)2D3-mediated cellular transport responses. PMID- 6687597 TI - Unusual aneurysms of the extracranial carotid artery. AB - Aneurysms of the extracranial internal carotid artery are rare and only 4 cases have been treated at the Wellesley Hospital since 1969. These aneurysms usually present as a painless lump in the neck and the 4 cases to be described manifest unusual presentations. One patient with a history of facial sepsis presented in the Emergency Department with what was thought to be a neck abscess. This was incised and drained before the true nature of the swelling was appreciated. Two patients presented with nerve palsies, one with a hypoglossal palsy due to stretching of the hypoglossal nerve over a large aneurysm and the second with recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy as a result of rupture of a false aneurysm from disruption of a saphenous vein patch inserted following carotid endarterectomy 9 months earlier. The fourth patient presented with a carotid bruit and had a stenosis distal to the aneurysm. Although rare, carotid aneurysms require recognition and early treatment if neurological sequelae are to be avoided. PMID- 6687598 TI - Content and gel filtration profiles of glucagon-like and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in human fundic mucosa. AB - Biopsies from the fundic gastric mucosa of eight human subjects were extracted with acid-ethanol and analyzed for somatostatin- and glucagon-like immunoreactivity using region-specific RIAs. Five extracts were studied by gel filtration. The glucagon content was close to the detection limit in all extracts, and none of the known glucagon components could be identified by gel filtration. The concentration of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was 17.4 +/- 2.0 pmol/g wet wt, and the immunoreactivity was distributed among four well defined peaks, two of which corresponded to somatostatin 1-14 and 1-28, respectively. PMID- 6687599 TI - Medullary thyroid carcinomas secrete a noncalcitonin peptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal region of preprocalcitonin. PMID- 6687600 TI - Computed tomography of renal lymphoma with ultrasound correlation. AB - The computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound findings in 18 patients (35 kidneys) with non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the kidneys are presented. Renal involvement was bilateral in 13 patients. The most common presentation was that of multiple intraparenchymal nodules (15 kidneys). Other types of involvement included direct invasion from contiguous retroperitoneal lymph node masses (nine kidneys), solitary renal masses (five kidneys), and diffuse infiltration (two kidneys). On CT most of the lesions were of homogeneous tissue density. Ultrasonographically the renal masses were hypoechoic. We believe that CT is the procedure of choice for the detection and follow-up of renal lymphoma. PMID- 6687601 TI - CT detection of adrenal lymphoma. AB - We present 7 patients with lymphomatous involvement of the adrenal glands detected by computed tomography (CT). In all patients the adrenal glands were diffusely enlarged resulting in oval, round, or triangular shaped glands. In 6 of the 7 patients retroperitoneal adenopathy was present. Adrenal involvement previously occult using conventional radiography should be detected more frequently using CT. PMID- 6687602 TI - Effects of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,24,25 trihydroxyvitamin D3, and 1,25,26-trihydroxyvitamin D3 on mineral metabolism and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dairy cows. AB - Six mature, nonlactating, nonpregnant Jersey cows were treated with five 1-alpha hydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D3 to compare relative potencies of the metabolites. Blood plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D peaked at about 1000 pg/ml 12 h after intramuscular injection of 500 micrograms 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 but returned to preinjection concentration within 3 to 4 days. Administration of 500 micrograms 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 intramuscularly led to a gradual increase in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration to 500 pg/ml 48 h after treatment. When 500 micrograms of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 were given orally, plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D peaked at about 200 and 100 pg/ml, respectively. The decline from peak concentrations occurred more slowly after oral treatment than after intramuscular treatment. Plasma calcium was increased by 20 to 30% for a week or more, depending on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in plasma. All treatments resulted in calciuria. Treatment with 1 or 3 mg doses of 1,24(R),25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 or both carbon-25 stereoisomers of 1,25,26-trihydroxyvitamin D3 induced smaller and less protracted changes in plasma minerals. PMID- 6687603 TI - The origin of chemiluminescence produced by neutrophils stimulated by opsonized zymosan. AB - The luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) of neutrophils phagocytosing zymosan is inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, sodium benzoate, and 2,5 dimethyl furan. In the present report it is shown that inhibition by SOD and 2,5 dimethyl furan is diminished and removed, respectively, by the omission of glucose from the incubation medium. Zymosan-induced CL is also inhibited by inhibitors of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, including 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraynoic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, quinacrine, indomethacin, and aspirin, by prostaglandins E1 and E2, theophylline, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (cAMP), and by the addition of AA, sodium fluoride, and xanthine oxidase plus xanthine to the cell suspension. These findings lead us to postulate that the metabolism of AA via the lipoxygenase (and cyclooxygenase) pathway(s) is the source of CL observed in neutrophils after phagocytosis. Reactive oxygen species produced as a result of activation of NAD(P)H oxidase provide oxidizing agents for the oxidation of AA along these pathways. It is also suggested that elevated levels of cAMP induced by prostaglandins synthesized via the cyclooxygenase pathway may play a role in the regulation of the zymosan-induced CL response. PMID- 6687604 TI - Pathogenic mechanisms of the hypocalcemia of the staphylococcal toxic-shock syndrome. AB - Hypocalcemia is a common finding in TSS. This has been causally related to the hypoalbuminemia of TSS. To more clearly define the mechanism responsible for this hypocalcemia, we examined the serum concentrations of CaT, Ca+ +, iCT, albumin, and DBP in 28 women meeting the case-study definition of TSS. Mean CaT was 2.18 +/- 0.36 mM/L (S.D.), Ca+ + was 0.93 +/- 0.19 mM/L, and iCT was 1941 +/- 978 pg/ml; all were significantly different (p less than 0.01) from the normal values of CaT (2.38 +/- 0.09), Ca+ + (1.09 +/- 0.04) and iCT (less than 30 to 135). A significant inverse correlation was found between iCT and both CaT and Ca+ +, p less than 0.001. Serial values were measured in two women in whom the iCT values declined each day. Gel filtration of the iCT from two patients with the highest values suggested that some polymeric molecular species, rather than authentic CT, accounted for 90% of the circulating iCT value. No abnormalities of DBP levels were found, and no correlation with CaT, Ca+ +, or iCT was evident. The hypocalcemia of the TSS represents a reduction in both CaT and Ca+ + concentrations, which may be at least partially accounted for by the elevated iCT concentrations. PMID- 6687605 TI - Effect of zinc deficiency and food restriction on the plasma levels of prostaglandin metabolites in male rats. AB - The pathological signs of zinc and essential fatty acid deficiencies are highly analogous and aspirin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, produces similar pathology when fed at toxic levels. To investigate the possibility that impaired prostaglandin biosynthesis is involved in the etiology of zinc deficiency pathology, the plasma concentrations of three prostaglandin metabolites were determined in zinc-deficient and control rats. Immature male rats were fed a purified diet low in zinc (less than 1 ppm) for 3 weeks. Ad libitum- and pair-fed controls consumed a similar diet supplemented with 100 ppm zinc. The zinc deficient rats had low plasma zinc and their plasma concentrations of 13,14 dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha and 13,14-dihyro-15-keto PGE2 were significantly higher than those of the pair-fed controls. Plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was not different between the zinc-deficient and pair-fed groups, but was significantly lower in deficient rats than in ad libitum-fed controls. The pair-fed controls had significantly lower plasma concentrations of all three metabolites than did the ad libitum-fed control group. The results suggest no impairment of prostaglandin production in zinc-deficient male rats. PMID- 6687606 TI - Plasma levels of prostaglandin metabolites in zinc-deficient female rats near term. AB - To investigate the possibility that impaired prostaglandin biosynthesis is involved in the development of postpartum illness in zinc-deficient female rats, plasma levels of three prostaglandin metabolites, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2, and 6-keto PGF1 alpha were determined on day 22 of gestation. During the gestation period female rats were fed low zinc (less than 1 ppm) diets based on soybean protein or similar control diets (100 ppm Zn). Two levels of vitamin E, 15 and 65 IU per kilogram, were added to the diet. Zinc deficiency in dams fed the diet containing 65 IU/kg vitamin E resulted in significantly higher plasma levels of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha than controls; plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha levels were not different. Zinc-deficient dams fed the basal diet containing 15 IU/kg vitamin E had significantly higher plasma levels of all three prostaglandin metabolites than controls. The pathology of zinc deficiency is not due to decreased prostaglandin production, but the present results and the pathological signs are consistent with failure of prostaglandin function. PMID- 6687607 TI - A modified life-table analysis system for cohort studies. AB - A person-years at risk life-table analysis system of computer programs has been developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and is available with detailed documentation. The system was specifically designed to analyze occupational cohort mortality data. These programs require more computer core space and processing time than other available life-table programs. However, the NIOSH programs are advantageous because they include the following: (1) input data editing and modification, (2) mortality rates for 89 cause-of-death categories, (3) assignment of cumulative doses to specific person years based on either personal or area exposure data, and (4) simultaneous examination of observed and expected deaths by duration of employment (or dose), latency, age, and calendar time. PMID- 6687608 TI - Neonatal apnea, xanthines, and necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - This study evaluates the relationship of xanthine treatment of premature apnea and NEC in a bowel ischemia model. The superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 1.0 minute in 82 wheanling rats. Group I (n = 41) were untreated controls. Group II (n = 21) received aminophylline (AMPH) 40 mg/kg I.P., 4 hr and immediately prior to clamping. Animals were evaluated for bowel infarction, perforation, and mortality at 7 days. In 20 additional rats (10 per group) bowel was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (EM) at timed intervals (5 and 30 min). Ischemic bowel occurred in 25 of 41 (60%) controls (18 (43%) with necrosis; 7 (17%) with perforations) and 19 of 21 (90%) rats with AMPH (15 (70%) had necrosis; 4 (19%) perforations). Mortality was 60% (controls) and 90% (AMPH) respectively (p less than .05). On EM, AMPH enhanced bacterial overgrowth however actual mucosal damage appeared similar. Following ischemia, AMPH has an adverse effect on the bowel. Use of AMPH in prematures at risk for NEC is questioned. PMID- 6687610 TI - Interpersonal and electrocardiographic responses of Type A's and Type B's in competitive socioeconomic games. AB - Forty-eight subjects classified as either Type A (coronary-prone) or Type B (coronary-resistant) exchanged points worth money with a computer-simulated opponent while an electrocardiogram was computer-monitored and scored. Type A's were more aggressive during the socioeconomic exchanges than were Type B's. The more aggressive a subject during the interactions the greater was the shift toward depression of the ST segment of the electrocardiogram. Despite the relationship between aggression and ST response, and the greater aggressiveness of Type A's during the interactions, Type A's and Type B's did not differ significantly in ST response. PMID- 6687611 TI - Changes in prostaglandin levels in the sensitized and non-sensitized uterus of the mouse after the intrauterine instillation of oil or saline. AB - Intrauterine instillation of oil, but not saline, induced both a decidual cell reaction and a marked elevation in the uterine PGF-alpha content of suitably sensitized ovariectomized mice. Uterine PGF-alpha concentrations were elevated within 5 min of the oil instillation, reached maximal levels within 30-60 min and then declined to near baseline levels again by 3 h. A similar increase in uterine PGF-alpha content in response to oil instillation was seen in non-sensitized females, although no decidual cell reaction developed. No significant changes in PGE or 6-oxo-PGF-1 content were observed. These results suggest that although the increase in uterine PGF-alpha content is not solely due to the distension of the uterus after intrauterine injection, the increase is not necessarily sufficient to induce a decidual cell reaction. PMID- 6687612 TI - Functional activities of the NCTC 1469 macrophage-like cell line: comparison of the NCTC 1469 cell line with various other macrophage-like cell lines. PMID- 6687609 TI - Use of metzler's NONLIN program for fitting discontinuous absorption profiles. AB - An alternative to the use of integral hybrid flow/compartmental model (HFCM) equations in fitting cases I and II discontinuous absorption profiles is presented. It is proposed that HFCM-integral equations be replaced by a system of differential equations in which sequential sets of equations describe the absorption profile from time zero to infinity. The required sets of differential equations for these two cases are presented as they apply to a two-compartment drug, potentially undergoing multiple absorption steps. It was shown that the use of the NONLIN program in the differential equation mode provides good fits for some unusually shaped absorption profiles of buformin, sulfisoxazole, and griseofulvin. The values of the parameter estimates and the sum of squared deviations, sigma SD, obtained with NONLIN were almost identical to those obtained with the FITS12 program utilizing HFCM equations. While HFCM-integral equations required less computer time, they introduced the potential for negative absorption times. This problem is avoided by use of the differential equations method. PMID- 6687613 TI - Home computer program to improve planning of ward admissions. PMID- 6687615 TI - Effect of aging on 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels in normotensive and essential hypertensive males. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) is produced in the vessel wall and acts as a vasodilator hormone. Measurement of plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha is considered to be an index of PGI2 production. In the present study the effects of aging on the plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha levels were studied in 64 normotensive and 48 essential hypertensive males. The subjects were divided into 3 groups, i.e., young (24-39 years), middle aged (40-55 years) and elderly (over 56 years) groups. Plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was measured by specific radioimmunoassay after silicic acid column chromatographic purification. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels were lower in elderly normotensive males (10.3 +/- 1.4 pg/ml, mean +/- SE, n = 12) than in normotensive young males (15.3 +/- 2.3, n = 30, p less than 0.05). The plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels in hypertensive elderly males (10.6 +/- 1.3 pg/ml, n = 10) is lower than in hypertensive young males (19.8 +/- 2.2, n = 17, p less than 0.01). These results indicate that the plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels decreased with age in both normotensive and hypertensive groups. Thus, PGI2 production may decrease with age. PMID- 6687614 TI - Effect of 3-phenylindole on lipophilic ion and carrier-mediated ion transport across bilayer lipid membranes. AB - The physical effects of 3-phenylindole, an antimicrobial compound which interacts with phospholipids, on ion transport across phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol bilayers have been investigated using three lipophilic ions and one ion-carrier complex. It was found that 3-phenylindole increased membrane electrical conductance of positively charged membrane probes and decreased electrical conductance of negatively charged probes. The enhancement of conductance detected by nonactin-K+ complex and tetraphenylarsonium+ was several orders of magnitude, whereas the suppression of conductance due to tetraphenylborate- and dipicrylamine- was less than a factor of ten. Presence of 3-phenylindole in aqueous phase slightly decreased adsorption of tetraphenylborate- and dipicrylamine- at the membrane surface. From the voltage dependence of the steady state conductance it was shown that 3-phenylindole induced kinetic limitation of membrane transport of potassium mediated by nonactin. No such limitation was found in the case of tetraphenylarsonium+ transport. These results are shown to be consistent with the present concept of ion diffusion in membranes and the assumption that 3-phenylindole decreases the electric potential in the membrane interior. The asymmetry of the effect of 3-phenylindole on the magnitude of conductance changes for positively and negatively charged membrane permeable ions is also discussed as a reflection of the discreteness of both the absorbed 3 phenylindole and lipid dipoles. PMID- 6687617 TI - Prostitution in Memphis: then and now. PMID- 6687619 TI - Fabrication of glass microelectrodes with microprocessor control. PMID- 6687616 TI - [Ultrastructural bases of pulmonary edema in myocardial infarct]. AB - A total of 347 patients with myocardial infarction were investigated. Of those, 115 had uncomplicated course of the disease, while pulmonary edema developed in 80, cardiac asthma in 37, pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock in 35, and various other complications in 80; the outcome was lethal in 80 cases. The pathogenetic contribution of increased permeability to the development of myocardial infarction and its complications is demonstrated. Transendothelial pinocytosis is a trigger mechanism of pulmonary edema. Its pathomorphism is achieved in five steps, each corresponding to a certain degree of ultrastructural transformation of endothelial and alveolar cells. Pulmonary surfactant damage adds to the effect of tissue factors of increased aerohematic barrier permeability. PMID- 6687618 TI - Steroid derivatives for electrophilic affinity labelling of glucocorticoid binding sites: interaction with the glucocorticoid receptor and biological activity. AB - To investigate the possible use of electrophilic affinity labelling for the characterization of glucocorticoid receptors, different chemically reactive derivatives of deoxycorticosterone (deoxycorticosterone 21-mesylate and deoxycorticosterone 21-(1-imidazole) carboxylate), dexamethasone (dexamethasone 21-mesylate, dexamethasone 21-iodoacetate and dexamethasone 21-bromoacetate) and progesterone (21-chloro progesterone) were tested for their ability to bind irreversibly to the glucocorticoid receptor from goat lactating mammary gland. Using partially purified receptor, only one of the steroids tested, dexamethasone 21-mesylate (DXM-M) was found more effective than dexamethasone (DXM) in preventing exchange of radioactive dexamethasone in the receptor binding site. The affinity of DXM-M for the glucocorticoid receptor, measured by competitive binding assay, was 1/15 that of DXM. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate of the [3H]-DXM-M labeled glucocorticoid receptor revealed a specific covalently radiolabeled fraction corresponding to an apparent molecular weight of 75,000 to 80,000. The biological activity of DXM-M was studied in RPMI 3460-clone 6 Syrian hamster melanoma cells, a cell line which is sensitive to growth inhibition by glucocorticoids. Like DXM, DXM-M inhibits the growth of RPMI 3460-clone 6 cells and it acts as a slowly reversible glucocorticoid agonist at concentrations which correlate with the affinity of DXM-M for the glucocorticoid receptor in vitro. PMID- 6687620 TI - SNOMED and microcomputers in anatomic pathology. PMID- 6687621 TI - A DSM III-based psychiatric data management system. PMID- 6687622 TI - [A system of automated radiation treatment of malignant tumors using optimal irradiation programs]. AB - The authors sum up their clinical experience in the implementation of optimized irradiation programs for tumors of different sites (the esophagus, lung, female genital organs, ear-nose-throat, rectum and urinary bladder) with the help of the first serial specimen of the system of automated control over irradiation--Altai MT. The utilization of the system makes it possible to save time and avoid an error in the implementation of complex irradiation programs as well as to lower the exposure of medical personnel to radiation. Tumors with average and low radiosensitivity, biologically highly active and located in the vicinity of organs and tissues with a low limit of tolerance to ionising radiation were used as clinical models. Automated programs of irradiation meet the requirements of the conformity and homogeneity of a dose field within a focus of lesion, gradient conditions on the border with normal tissues, the minimization of radiation exposure in critical organs. The purpose of the automation of gamma-beam therapy of tumors is to unite within the common system automated information topometric units and a gamma-therapeutic computer controlled device. PMID- 6687623 TI - [Computerized program for calculating the dose distribution generated by intracavitary linear sources of gamma radiation]. AB - One can achieve a high precision in the dosing of a session of intracavitary radiotherapy by rapid computerization of the treatment time that is necessary for obtaining a certain dose in a pathological focus taking account of an actual location of radiation sources in the process of irradiation. The authors have developed an algorithm and drawn up a program for computer ES-1022 to calculate a dose rate in any point of an irradiated volume from the system of gamma-radiation sources oriented arbitrarily in space. As part of a hard- and soft ware dosimetric complex, the above program provides for the calculation of the treatment time by a set dose; the time is necessary for supplying this dose to a tumor focus taking account of an actual location of radiation sources during a session of irradiation. The whole computer procedure from the moment of obtaining necessary anatomo-topographic information in the form of two x-ray pictures up to the output of an irradiation session time value and other information into the alpha-numeric printer takes 3-5 min. The program makes it possible to calculate dose distribution in any preset plane (up to 4 planes at a time) of an irradiated volume. PMID- 6687624 TI - Lymphoblastic lymphoma: late relapse in childhood. AB - This report describes two children with lymphoblastic lymphoma who relapsed more than 2 1/2 years from diagnosis. Relapses occurred at seven and 20 months after completion of treatment. Their therapy consisted of an intensive pulse chemotherapy program combined with radiation therapy. Initial relapse after two years' treatment has been extremely rare in patients receiving contemporary chemotherapy programs, and two-year survival without disease has been considered a cure. These cases illustrate that late relapses can occur after intensive chemotherapy and that two-year disease-free survival must not be interpreted as a complete cure. PMID- 6687625 TI - Neurotoxicity of bacteriostatic water. PMID- 6687626 TI - Deduced amino acid sequence from the bovine oxytocin-neurophysin I precursor cDNA. AB - The nonapeptide hormone oxytocin-like arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is synthesized as part of a larger precursor polypeptide. The precursor also includes the neurophysin molecule with which the hormone is associated in the neurosecretory granules of the hypothalamo-pituitary tract. A protein of molecular weight (Mr) approximately 20,000 has been isolated from supraoptic nuclei of rat hypothalami which, after tryptic cleavage, released a neurophysin-like molecule of Mr approximately 10,000 and an oligopeptide related to oxytocin. This result was complemented by in vitro translation of bovine hypothalamic mRNA. Among the primary translation products a single polypeptide of Mr approximately 16,500 was shown to contain antigenic determinants recognized by specific antisera against bovine neurophysin I and oxytocin. Here we report the amino acid sequence of the bovine oxytocin-neurophysin I (OT-NpI) precursor which was derived from sequence analysis of the cloned cDNA. As is the case for the bovine arginine-vasopressin neurophysin II (AVP-NpII) precursor, the signal sequence of the OT-NpI precursor is immediately followed by the nonapeptide hormone which is connected to neurophysin I by a Gly-Lys-Arg sequence. A striking feature of the nucleic acid sequence is the 197-nucleotide long perfect homology with the AVP-NpII precursor mRNA sequence encoding the conserved middle part of neurophysins I and II. PMID- 6687627 TI - Light-chain phosphorylation controls the conformation of vertebrate non-muscle and smooth muscle myosin molecules. AB - Phosphorylation of the 20,000-molecular weight (Mr) light chains of vertebrate non-muscle (thymus) and smooth muscle (gizzard) myosins regulates the assembly of these myosins into filaments in vitro. At physiological ionic strength and pH, nonphosphorylated smooth muscle and non-muscle myosin filaments are disassembled by stoichiometric levels of MgATP, forming species having sedimentation coefficients of approximately 11S (range 10-12S; myosin monomers in high salt sediment at 6S). When the 20,000 (20K)-Mr light chains on these 11S myosin species are phosphorylated by the light-chain kinase/calmodulin-Ca2+ complex, the inhibitory effect of the light chains on filament formation is removed and the myosins reassemble into filaments which are stable in MgATP. It was originally suggested that the 11S myosin species was a dimer, previously suggested as a building block for smooth muscle and non-muscle myosin filaments. It has since been shown, however, that 11S smooth muscle myosin is monomeric and has a folded conformation rather than the extended shape characteristic of monomeric myosin in high salt. Here we show that 11S non-muscle myosin is also folded and that phosphorylation of the 20K-Mr light chains of both vertebrate non-muscle (thymus) and vertebrate smooth muscle (gizzard) myosins causes these folded 11S molecules to unfold into the conventional extended monomeric form, which is able to assemble into filaments. PMID- 6687628 TI - A new troponin T and cDNA clones for 13 different muscle proteins, found by shotgun sequencing. AB - Complete amino acid sequences have been established for 19 muscle-related proteins and these proteins are each sufficiently abundant to suggest that their mRNA levels are about 0.4% or higher. Based on these considerations, a simple theoretical analysis shows that clones for most of these proteins can be identified within a complementary DNA library by sequencing cDNA inserts from 150 200 randomly selected clones. This procedure should not only rigorously identify specific clones, but it could also uncover amino acid sequence variants of major muscle proteins such as the troponins. We have determined sequences for about 20,000 nucleotides within 178 randomly selected clones of a rabbit muscle cDNA library, and report here that in addition to finding sequences encoding the two known skeletal muscle isotypes of troponin C, we have discovered sequences encoding two forms of troponin T. Over the region of nucleotide sequence overlap in the troponin T clones, the new isotype diverges significantly from its counterpart. Altogether, clones for 13 of the 19 known muscle-specific proteins were identified, in addition to the clone for the new troponin T isotype. PMID- 6687629 TI - [Purulent meningitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa following an operation of the aortic bifurcation, presumably related to intrathecal analgesia]. PMID- 6687630 TI - Parathyroidectomy in chronic renal failure. AB - Parathyroidectomy was carried out in 26 patients over a 14-year period. Excellent results were obtained in patients with severe hyperparathyroidism. Vascular calcification, hypercalcaemia and pruritus did not justify surgery unless associated with unequivocal hyperparathyroidism. 13 patients required intravenous calcium infusion for up to 2 weeks to control post-operative hypocalcaemia. Calcium requirements could be predicted from the pre-operative plasma alkaline phosphatase level. Following operation continued treatment with vitamin D was necessary to prevent hypocalcaemia. Hyperparathyroidism recurred in 1 patient after 8 years and 4 patients developed osteomalacia. Since parathyroid hormone may have toxic effects other than those on bone, maintenance of normal levels should be a long-term objective in the treatment of patients with chronic renal failure. Where large parathyroid glands are present, surgical reduction in gland mass is a logical prelude to long-term suppression of parathyroid hormone with vitamin D and phosphate-binding agents. PMID- 6687631 TI - CT characteristics of the normal pituitary gland. AB - Fifty-three patients undergoing orbital computed tomographic (CT) scanning for symptoms and signs unrelated to the pituitary gland had coronal and sagittal reformations of contiguous 1.5 mm slices through the sella. Mean male gland height was 4.1 +/- 1.1 mm, mean female gland height was 4.4 +/- 1.4 mm; no statistically significant differences with age were identified. Pituitary glands were homogeneous in 58% and inhomogeneous in 42% of patients; 91.5% had flat or concave superior surfaces. Coronal and saggital CT reformations are felt to be important in the evaluation of the pituitary gland. PMID- 6687632 TI - [Hepatic granulomatosis]. AB - Granulomatous hepatitis is not a uniform disease entity but a generic histopathologic diagnosis. The present review of aetiology and epidemiology of granulomas in the liver, shows that in the past tuberculosis and sarcoidosis were the most frequent but there remained a large percentage of "undiagnosis" cases; at the present drug-induced granulomatous hepatitis are frequently reported and "undiagnosed cases" are rare. Analysis of the hystological features of the most common granulomas is presented. PMID- 6687633 TI - [Experimental basis of plastic substitution of the external meniscus of the knee joint with the tendon of the popliteal muscle]. PMID- 6687635 TI - Sequence of the nucleocapsid gene from murine coronavirus MHV-A59. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the RNA encoding the nucleocapsid protein of coronavirus MHV-A59 has been determined. Copy DNA was prepared from mRNA isolated from virally infected cells, fragmented and cloned in the phage vector M13 mp8 for direct sequence determination. A sequence of 1817 nucleotides, adjacent to the viral poly-A tail, was obtained. It contains a single long open reading frame encoding a protein of mol. wt. 49660, which is enriched in basic residues. PMID- 6687634 TI - Modulations of prolactin and growth hormone gene expression and chromatin structure in cultured rat pituitary cells. AB - I have measured the effect of hormones and other regulatory factors present in the serum component of the culture medium on the levels of growth hormone and prolactin mRNAs in rat pituitary (GH4) cells. Hybridization of cytoplasmic RNA with growth hormone or prolactin cDNA clones indicate that serum depletion reduces significantly the amount of these two mRNAs. The localization of these two genes in chromatin was also analysed using micrococcal nuclease as a probe. At intermediate levels of digestion (about 10% of the input A260 released into a soluble supernatant S1), the bulk of both growth hormone and prolactin genes are rapidly solubilized by the nuclease and appear in the soluble supernatant S1. Nevertheless, at low levels of digestion (less than 4% of the input A260 released into S1) the growth hormone gene remains exquisitively sensitive to micrococcal nuclease while the sensitivity of the prolactin gene is reduced considerably. When one compares the distribution of growth hormone and prolactin genes in chromatin fractions differing in nuclease sensitivity and derived from cells grown in control medium or in depleted medium, it appears that markedly reduced transcriptional activity of the prolactin gene shows no correlation with altered chromatin structure. On the other hand, the chromatin structure of the growth hormone gene is significantly altered when transcription is markedly reduced. PMID- 6687637 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of meniscus lesions]. PMID- 6687639 TI - Photosensitization of pyrimidines by 2-methylnaphthoquinone in water: a laser flash photolysis study. PMID- 6687638 TI - [Chemotherapy of Hodgkin disease with modified MOPP]. PMID- 6687636 TI - cDNA cloning and nucleotide sequence comparison of Chinese hamster metallothionein I and II mRNAs. AB - Polyadenylated RNA was extracted from a cadmium resistant Chinese hamster (CHO) cell line, enriched for metal-induced, abundant RNA sequences and cloned as double-stranded cDNA in the plasmid pBR322. Two cDNA clones, pCHMT1 and pCHMT2, encoding two Chinese hamster isometallothioneins were identified, and the nucleotide sequence of each insert was determined. The two Chinese hamster metallothioneins show nucleotide sequence homologies of 80% in the protein coding region and approximately 35% in both the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Interestingly, an 8 nucleotide sequence (TGTAAATA) has been conserved in sequence and position in the 3' untranslated regions of each metallothionein mRNA sequenced thus far. Estimated nucleotide substitution rates derived from interspecies comparisons were used to calculate a metallothionein gene duplication time of 45 to 120 million years ago. PMID- 6687640 TI - Properties of four lung surfactants and their mixtures under physiological conditions. AB - Surface properties of four of the most prevalent surfactants found in the lung have been studied on the Langmuir trough under simultaneously simulated physiological conditions. Surfactants studied are dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPL), L alpha-dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl D,L-glycerol (DPPG), dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DPPE) and sphingomyelin and various mixtures of these. Studies using both the Wilhelmy and Ring methods showed that only sphingomyelin displayed any appreciable hysteresis between surface tension and surface area. All surfactants and their various mixtures reached similar minimal surface tension values of about 24-26 dyne/cm for compression to 75% of initial area and they all showed more than twice the change in surface tension with area needed to impart alveolar stability. These surfactants and their mixtures (except sphingomyelin) displayed appreciable contact angles, reaching 53 degrees for DPPE and 55 degrees C for a 1 : 1 mixture of DPL and DPPG. These mild anti-wetting properties are discussed in relation to their implications to gas transfer and fluid distribution at the alveolar wall. PMID- 6687641 TI - Complementation mapping in microcell hybrids: localization of Fpgs and Ak-1 on Mus musculus chromosome 2. AB - The gene encoding folylpolyglutamyl synthetase (FPGS) was assigned to mouse chromosome 2 by complementation mapping. Chinese hamster ovary cells (AuxBl) deficient in FPGS, and consequently auxotrophic for glycine, adenosine, and thymidine (gat-), were employed as recipients in microcell-mediated chromosome transfer experiments. Mouse chromosomes derived from diploid embryo fibroblasts were introduced into hamster AuxBl cells, and gat+ microcell hybrids were selected in medium lacking adenosine and thymidine. Mouse chromosome 2 was the only donor chromosome whose presence correlated with expression of FPGS activity. Furthermore, every gat+ hybrid clone expressed murine AK-1, a marker previously assigned to chromosome 2. Eight of 20 clones analyzed retained deletion chromosomes derived from mouse chromosome 2. These clones were used to localize murine Fpgs and Ak-1 to a region of this chromosome, namely 2 (cen leads to Cl). PMID- 6687643 TI - Demonstration of vitamin D-binding protein (Gc-globulin) in the urine of Itai itai disease patients. AB - Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP, known as Gc-globulin) was discovered by an immunochemical method in the urine of patients with Itai-itai disease. The urine and sera of Itai-itai disease patients produced specific precipitin lines with anti-human VDBP antisera. The electrophoretic mobility of the protein in the urine is the same as that in the serum. A significant correlation was found between VDBP and beta 2-microglobulin in the urine. Based on this result, it was concluded that Itai-itai disease is associated with disturbances of vitamin D transport and/or metabolism. PMID- 6687642 TI - Ruptured actinomycotic aneurysm of the splenic artery: a case report of successful resection. PMID- 6687645 TI - A man with a large suprarenal mass. PMID- 6687644 TI - Confirmed activity of FAM polychemotherapy in advanced gastric carcinoma. AB - During a 3-year period at our hospital, 54 consecutively observed patients with parametric, locally advanced, metastatic gastric carcinoma were treated with fluorouracil + adriamycin + mitomycin C. Of 47 evaluable patients, 44.6% had an objective response (complete + partial response) and 29.7% had stabilized disease. The median duration of response was 7.5 months. The median survival was 8.9 months for all patients. In particular, the survival of responders (greater than 12 months) and of patients with stabilized disease (8.6 months) was significantly longer than that of patients with progressive disease (4.5 months). Toxicity was limited and reversible, which allowed treatment also of patients in poor general condition (PS 3-4 of the Zubrod scale). PMID- 6687646 TI - [Isolation of a group at risk for stomach cancer based on genetic and epidemiological study data]. AB - The predictive value of risk factors of stomach cancer was studied on the basis of the results of a complex genetico-epidemiologic survey conducted with a view to identifying the group at risk. An optimal combination of these factors and the multifactor method of mathematical statistics were used in working out a decision instruction. Application of the latter offers an 80% credibility in selecting persons at high risk for stomach cancer development. The paper deals with the findings on a significant relationship between stomach cancer development and genetic and familial factors as well as on indications at certain changes in gastrointestinal function observed before clinical manifestation of the disease. The results point to the efficacy of complex clinical, genetic and epidemiologic studies conducted for prediction of neoplasms caused by a set of factors. PMID- 6687647 TI - [Experimental study of an antitumor preparation proloteston]. AB - The results of an experimental evaluation of a prolonged action antitumor drug- prolotestone are presented. The drug is a mixture of steroids of the androstane series, 2 alpha-methylhydrotestosterone and its three esters. The preparation has been approved for medication. Prolotestone treatment in the dose of 14 mg once in two weeks produced a high antiblastogenic effect in rats with hormone-dependent cancer of the mammary gland induced by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. It was shown in tests involving the use of a number of transplantable tumors that prolotestone potentiates the antitumor effect of sarcolysin and mitigates its untoward side effects. The preparation is practically non-toxic, possesses a high anabolic index, has a beneficial effect on hepatic function and lowers the glucocorticoid function of the adrenals. It is thought that application of the drug should not be limited to the treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 6687648 TI - Variations in the age at menarche due to physical exercise and altitude. PMID- 6687649 TI - [Extent of resection in toxic nodular struma and Basedow disease]. PMID- 6687650 TI - [Results of the Maquet/Bandi tibial tuberosity ventralization]. AB - From 1975 to summer 1980, 87 patients suffering from chondropathy of the patella underwent 95 operations according to the method of Maquet-Bandi. 79 patients could be followed up 1,5 year after the operation. Additional procedures for restoring the knee joint had to be performed in 54 cases. The results obtained were good in 83%. PMID- 6687651 TI - Effect of analgesia on respiratory muscle function after upper abdominal surgery. AB - The effects of three methods of analgesia (intravenous morphine, epidural lidocaine and epidural morphine) on vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and maximal expiratory and inspiratory pressures (MEP and MIP) at the mouth were studied in 12 high respiratory risk patients following upper abdominal surgery. VC, FEV1, MEP and MIP markedly decreased following laparotomy. VC and FEV1, were partially restored by epidural analgesia and remained unchanged following intravenous morphine. MEP and MIP remained unchanged after each of the three methods of analgesia. This suggests the existence of a non-analgesic dependent dysfunction of inspiratory and expiratory muscles following upper abdominal surgery. PMID- 6687652 TI - Experiments with a thinfilm multichannel electrode for cochlear implantation. AB - A series of experiments with a thinfilm multichannel cochlear implant is presented. A number of surgical difficulties at implantation on temporal bones were experienced. In vitro measurements of the electrode's technical properties revealed 1) large variations in the impedance, and 2) good separation between channels. From a theoretical point of view this complicated type of electrode is interesting, but a number of modifications are necessary before it may be used for implantation in man. PMID- 6687653 TI - Cervical thymoma and incidence of cervical thymus. AB - A case of cervical thymoma in a 51-year-old female is reported. The tumor was located on the left side of the anterior neck just beneath the left lower lobe of the thyroid gland and there was no connection to the mediastinal thymus gland. It was well encapsulated and lobulated on the cut-surface. Histologically, the tumor showed a mixed proliferation of lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Mitoses were frequently seen. Several tiny fragments of ectopic thymic tissue were found around the tumor. Cervical thymic tissue, considered to be the original site of the cervical thymoma, was studied and found macroscopically in 12 out of 657 patients with Basedow's disease (1.8%). PMID- 6687654 TI - A preliminary comparison of the photosensitizing properties of porphyrins in aqueous solution and liposomal systems. AB - The preliminary studies reported here show that at least some lipid soluble porphyrins can easily be incorporated into the membranes of liposomes prepared with different phospholipids; such porphyrins do not leach out of the membranes when the liposomes are stored in aqueous media. In this environment, the lipid soluble porphyrins are very effective photodynamic sensitizers for lipophilic substrates in the liposome membrane, for external amino acids and proteins, and for mammalian cells. PMID- 6687655 TI - Various approaches for the improvement of hearing. PMID- 6687658 TI - Reduction in serum phosphorus due to sucralfate. PMID- 6687657 TI - Phase II clinical evaluation of intravenous 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m anisidide in colorectal cancer. AB - Thirty-five patients with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer received 4'-(9 acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (AMSA) on a 3-day intravenous schedule repeated every 3 weeks. There were 17 previously untreated patients and 18 patients who had disease progression on several regimens containing 5 fluorouracil. Good-risk patients received an initial daily AMSA dose of 40 mg/m2; poor-risk patients received an initial daily dose of 30 mg/m2. There were no complete or partial remissions. Ten patients achieved disease stabilization, 24 had disease progression and one patient was lost to follow-up. The most common toxicity associated with AMSA therapy was myelosuppression, with a greater effect on neutrophils than platelets. Median (range) lowest neutrophils and platelet counts X 10(3)/mm3 were 1.2 (0-5.0) and 209 (50-413), respectively. Myelosuppression was pronounced in patients with abnormalities of liver function. Other toxicities were negligible, although one patient developed an episode of cardiac arrhythmia which may have been secondary to AMSA therapy. PMID- 6687656 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy (CMF) for breast carcinoma. Patient's compliance and total dose achieved. AB - Seventy-five patients accepted postmastectomy adjuvant CMF chemotherapy for Stage II and III carcinoma of the breast. All patients, irrespective of age, were started on the same drug dosages. About 77% of the patients stayed on the treatment for at least 6 months, and 50%, for 12 or more months (compliance rate unrelated to age). Among the 58 patients who received 6 or more cycles of CMF, 12 (21%) actually received more than 85% of the planned mean total dose (MTD). Adjuvant CMF doses had to be reduced for toxicity related to drug (52% of patients) and reasons not related to drug (27%). Premenopausal patients are more likely to skip cycle due to personal reasons and to have leukopenia, while postmenopausal patients are more likely to have gastrointestinal toxicity and flu like syndromes. Theoretically, excluding nondrug-related side effects, only 30 40% of the patients can receive over 85% of the planned dose of CMF adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 6687659 TI - Nature of calcemic effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in experimental hypoparathyroidism. AB - The influence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] treatment on the daily fluctuation of plasma calcium concentration ( [Ca]P1) in relation to the feeding fasting alternation has been studied in vitamin D-replete sham-operated (sham) and thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats fed a normal Ca diet. 1,25(OH)2D3 was given (26 or 39 pmol/day) intraperitoneally either by single injection or constant infusion using osmotic minipumps. After 7 days of treatment [Ca]P1 was measured at 4-h intervals for 24 h. Pair-fed, sham and TPTX animals received the solvent vehicle intraperitoneally. The results show that in sham rats the very moderate daily fluctuation of [Ca]P1 was not accentuated by 1,25(OH)2D3. A marked fluctuation of [Ca]P1 in relation to the food intake was observed in untreated TPTX as compared with sham rats. In TPTX rats 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the fasting [Ca]P1. In contrast the rise in [Ca]P1 during feeding was not significantly accentuated by 1,25(OH)2D3. The daily fluctuation of [Ca]P1 was the same whether the dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 was given in one single injection or by constant infusion, suggesting that this hormone is not involved in the hour-to-hour regulation of [Ca]P1. In conclusion, in the absence of parathyroid glands, 1,25(OH)2D3 given in doses that stimulate intestinal calcium absorption has a much more pronounced effect on the fasting calcemia than on the rise in calcemia observed during the feeding period. These results suggest that the mobilization of calcium from bone could play an important role in the calcemic effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 when given in the hypoparathyroid state. PMID- 6687660 TI - Responsiveness of vitamin D-deficient fetal rat limb bones to parathyroid hormone in culture. AB - Radii and ulnae from 19-day fetal rats from normal or vitamin D-deficient mothers were treated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or parathyroid hormone in vitro. Both sets of bones resorbed in response to all three agents. Statistical analysis indicated a purely additive model for the effects of vitamin D status and the bone-resorbing agents, with no evidence for interaction. The results suggest that the impaired calcemic response to parathyroid hormone seen in vitamin D-deficient animals in vivo is not the result of a specific unresponsiveness of vitamin D-deficient bone to parathyroid hormone. PMID- 6687661 TI - Dose-response study of ivermectin against Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in dogs with naturally acquired infections. PMID- 6687662 TI - Sucralfate and warfarin. PMID- 6687663 TI - Prevention of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 6687664 TI - Battered baby syndrome in an infant with severe retinopathy of prematurity. PMID- 6687665 TI - [Synthesis and antitumor properties of carminomycin 13-cyclohexylidenhydrazone]. AB - Carminomycin 13-cyclohexylidenhydrazone (CCH) was prepared by interaction of carminomycin 13-hydrazone with cyclohexane. The antiblastomic properties of CCH were studied on mice with transplantable tumors. The preparation was administered intravenously or orally. The studies showed a high antitumor activity of CCH. When CCH was administered intravenously to mice with lymphosarcoma LIO-1, the antitumor effect selectivity of it was practically equal to that of carminomycin. When used in doses equivalent by their toxicity to those of carminomycin, CCH had practically the same inhibitory effect on sarcoma 180 as carminomycin. When used orally in doses equivalent by their toxicity to those of carminomycin, CCH was more effective than carminomycin in treatment of mice with lymphosarcoma LIO-1, sarcoma 180 and lymphadenosis NK/Ly. PMID- 6687666 TI - Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen toxicity in two free-living nematode species. AB - Two species of free-living nematodes, Turbatrix aceti and Caenorhabditis elegans, exhibited a marked sensitivity to 3 atm of 100% O2. Environmental changes in pH and temperature, which altered nematode respiration, resulted in alterations in the survival of these organisms under high pO2. Levels of defensive enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and dianisidine peroxidase were measured in the two species. No changes in the level of superoxide dismutase or catalase activity were induced by exposure of the nematodes to high pO2. Manipulation of these two enzymes was however achieved using the inhibitors 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and diethyldithiocarbamate. 3-Amino 1,2,4-triazole (20 mM) eliminated greater than or equal to 80% of the catalase activity in vivo and diethyldithiocarbamate (5 mM) decreased the level of CuZn superoxide dismutase by greater than or equal to 70%. Both of these compounds increased the sensitivity of C. elegans to high pO2 toxicity. Compounds capable of intracellular redox-cycling with O2- -production, such as plumbagin, increased CN- -resistant respiration in the nematodes and imposed an O2-dependent toxicity. These experiments demonstrate the toxicity of intracellular O2- and H2O2 in nematodes and the importance of superoxide dismutase and catalase in providing a defense against these toxic molecules in vivo. PMID- 6687667 TI - Treating lymphocytic thyroiditis with spontaneously resolving hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6687668 TI - Immunomorphologic changes in regional lymph nodes associated with cancer. AB - Morphologic patterns in regional lymph nodes draining resected tumors correlate with in vitro immunologic data and have been reported to predict survival, stage of disease, and presence or absence of metastases. The strength of the relationship between immunomorphologic findings and survival rates varies with the type of tumor, perhaps because of relative immunogenicity, tumor size and growth rate, or even the stimulation of the lymph nodes by infection. Nevertheless, there is remarkable agreement among investigators on key observations, which yield more prognostic information than can be obtained by standard methods. PMID- 6687669 TI - Types of tumor lymphoid response and sinus histiocytosis. Relationship to five year, disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer. AB - Diffuse (D), perivascular (PV), and a combination form (DPV) of lymphoid infiltrates were found in 95% of invasive breast cancers. The DPV and D patterns were associated with tumor necrosis, and the D pattern with cancers of nuclear grade 3 (most anaplastic) and histologic grade 3 (most malignant). An absent cell reaction was significantly related to absent nodal metastases. Life-table analyses disclosed a higher incidence of patients' being disease free for five years when no cell reaction was encountered. There was no significant association between the presence or absence of any particular type of sinus histiocytosis (SH) of regional lymph nodes and five-year, disease-free survival. It is uncertain whether lymphoid reactions and SH represent immunologic host responses, but if they do, they appear to be biologically ineffectual and, in the former instance, perhaps even detrimental. PMID- 6687670 TI - Tumor embolization in coronary artery causing myocardial infarction. PMID- 6687671 TI - Hypoplasia of the right ventricular myocardium with ventricular tachycardia. AB - A 20-year-old woman died suddenly after having had recurrent ventricular tachycardia for five years. An ECG showed two distinct varieties of ventricular tachycardia, both characterized by left bundle-branch block. Pathologic examination showed what we considered to be a type of Uhl's anomaly. Most of the compact layer of the right ventricle was replaced by fat, with the trabeculated areas intact but showing severe fibrosis and chronic inflammation. Patches of such degeneration were also found in the septum and the left ventricle. The conduction system disclosed a septated bundle of His. PMID- 6687672 TI - Widespread intimal hyperplasia of small arteries and arterioles. PMID- 6687673 TI - Prolapse of the mitral valve. PMID- 6687674 TI - Osteoporosis with idiopathic nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the marrow. PMID- 6687675 TI - Multinucleate megakaryocytes in refractory anemia with excess blasts. PMID- 6687676 TI - Mycotic aneurysm. New concepts in therapy. AB - Fifty patients were treated for 52 mycotic aneurysms secondary to intravenous drug abuse. An initial misdiagnosis of cellulitis or abscess in 17% of the patients was corrected after arteriography or bleeding following operative drainage. There was no ischemia following ligation and excision of aneurysms of the radial, brachial, external iliac, deep femoral, and superficial femoral arteries. Excision of the common femoral artery in four patients and femoral bifurcation in 25 led to marked morbidity in 28 patients without simultaneous revascularization. Ischemia occurred in 53% of these patients; it was mild in 21% with claudication only. Severe, limb-threatening ischemia occurred in 32% and led to amputation in 21%. Six patients underwent artificial bypass, including one for absent back-bleeding at the time of ligation, four for immediate severe ischemia, and one for late ischemia. Two infected grafts were removed; another became thrombotic. Cultures were positive for 73% of aneurysms and blood of 46% of the patients. PMID- 6687677 TI - Mycotic aortic aneurysms. A reappraisal. AB - Mycotic aneurysms are uncommon but not rare lesions with potential for catastrophic hemorrhage or sepsis. They have been ascribed to bacterial endocarditis and, when present in the aorta, were termed "inevitably fatal" as recently as 1967. A 15-year review of the English-language literature on mycotic aneurysms showed that arterial trauma, concurrent sepsis, and depressed host immunity have become the cardinal "risk factors" in the development of these lesions. Conventional treatment of mycotic aortic aneurysms usually includes aortic ligation, aneurysmal excision, and extra-anatomic bypass grafting. Nevertheless, four of our patients with well-localized mycotic aortic aneurysms survived three to 54 months (mean, 40 months) after aortic excision and in situ prosthetic graft restoration of aortic continuity. This experience suggests that mycotic aortic aneurysms can be successfully treated, frequently by in situ grafting, if diagnosis and treatment are timely and aggressive. PMID- 6687679 TI - Mechanism of depsipeptide formation catalyzed by enniatin synthetase. AB - Covalently bound intermediates of enniatin B synthesis could be isolated from enniatin synthetase by treatment with performic acid. By comparison with products of mild alkaline cleavage of authentic enniatin B they could be identified as the dipeptide D-2-hydroxyisovaleryl-N-methylvaline and the corresponding tetrapeptide. Synthesis of enniatins apparently proceeds via condensation of dipeptides. This was confirmed by the use of the substrate analogue isovaleric acid, which has shown to be a strong inhibitor for enniatin synthesis by formation of N-isovaleryl-N-methyl valine. PMID- 6687678 TI - Alteration of liposome disposition in vivo by bilayer situated carbohydrates. AB - The inclusion of either lactosylcerebroside or dimannosyldiglyceride at a 9% molar ratio in small unilamellar vesicles increased by two-three fold the fraction of the I.V. dose that appeared in mouse liver. For lactosylcerebroside containing liposomes, the half-time for clearance from plasma was 1.2 hours compared to 5.5 hours for liposomes of similar size, charge, and composition but lacking the glycolipid. Uptake of the lactosylcerebroside containing liposomes by the liver could be significantly reduced but not eliminated by the simultaneous injection of asialoorosomucid. PMID- 6687680 TI - Protein phosphorylation and the exocytosis-like interaction between isolated adrenal medullary plasma membranes and chromaffin granules. AB - The interaction between isolated adrenal medullary plasma membranes and chromaffin granules has been proposed as a cell-free model for exocytosis. Phosphorylation experiments showed that isolated chromaffin granules as well as isolated plasma membranes contain protein kinases and phosphate accepting membranous proteins. Upon joint incubation however, the chromaffin granule located proteins are preferentially phosphorylated. beta-gamma-methylene-ATP, a non-hydrolysable analogue, was able to reduce both the plasma membrane-induced release of the soluble chromaffin granular content and the phosphate incorporation into the protein fraction. The results of these experiments on a cell-free model system fit in the hypothesis originating from work on several types of intact cells that the exocytotic event is linked with protein phosphorylation. PMID- 6687681 TI - Conversion of a Ca2+-dependent myosin light chain kinase from skeletal muscle to a Ca2+-independent form. AB - The Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase of rabbit skeletal muscle was converted to a Ca2+-independent form by limited proteolysis with alpha chymotrypsin. The conditions prevailing during proteolysis are important and the loss of Ca2+-dependence was achieved best by hydrolysis of the Ca2+-calmodulin kinase complex. The lack of Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependence was found using both myosin and isolated light chains as substrates. The specific activity of the Ca2+ independent form (Mr approximately 65,000) was similar to that of the native enzyme, i.e., 2 to 5 mumol phosphate transferred min-1 mg-1 kinase. The 65,000 dalton fragment was phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and approximately 0.8 moles phosphate were incorporated per fragment. PMID- 6687682 TI - Protein-sugar interactions: environmental effect on the fluorescence of O-(4 methylumbelliferyl)-glycosides. AB - We have investigated the effect of 12 solvents and several amino acids on the fluorescence of O-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-glycosides. We showed that: i) the fluorescence quenching is not related to the dielectric constant of the solvents: the fluorescence intensity was maximal in water (d = 80) and in acetic acid (d = 6.2) and was at least ten times lower in acetone (d = 21) and in dioxane (d = 2.2); ii) the fluorescence of O-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-N-acetyl-beta glucosaminide is not quenched in the presence of various amino acids including arginine, asparagine, aspartate, histidine, leucine, phenylalanine and proline; iii) the fluorescence of O-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-glycoside is quenched by sulfur, phenol and indole amino acids or derivatives containing sulfur, phenol or indole groups. The changes in fluorescence intensities of O-(4 methylumbelliferyl)-glycosides upon binding to concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin and lysozyme are discussed with regard to the amino acid content of their binding sites. PMID- 6687684 TI - Identification of two cDNA clones coding for androgen-dependent polypeptides in rat ventral prostate. AB - cDNA clones were obtained by transformation of E. coli chi 1776 with pBR322 containing insert of ds cDNA synthesized from total rat prostate poly(A)RNA. Two prostate-specific cDNA clones were isolated by colony hybridization and identified by message selection/translation as encoding polypeptides of Mr: 13,500 and 9,300. Hybridization of poly(A)RNA from normal and castrated rat prostates to the cloned cDNAs indicated that the levels of mRNAs coding for Mr: 13,500 and 9,300 polypeptides are regulated by testosterone. PMID- 6687683 TI - Structural alterations in alpha 1-antichymotrypsin from normal and acute phase human plasma. AB - Human alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, isolated at pH 8.0 from both normal and acute phase plasma, has been found to have two different amino terminal sequences despite the fact that inhibitory activities are unchanged. In normal plasma over 90% of the protein has an amino terminal sequence beginning with aspartic acid and less than 10% with arginine. However, in acute rheumatoid arthritis plasma 55% of the inhibitor begins with arginine and the remainder with aspartic acid. Sequence studies indicate that a fifteen amino acid peptide fragment has been cleaved to yield the arginine protein. Human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor also shows this heterogeneity, but the ratios do not change between normal and acute phase plasma. It may well be that the missing peptide has some biological activity manifested only in the acute phase state. PMID- 6687685 TI - Symmetric polyarthritis associated with heterophile-negative infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 6687687 TI - In situ identification of T6-positive cells in normal human dermis by immunoelectron microscopy. AB - Monoclonal anti-T6 antibody, which reacts with the majority of cortical thymocytes but not peripheral T cells, also reacts with human epidermal Langerhans cells, as shown by a four-step immunoperoxidase method and immunoelectron microscopy. To define whether T6-positive cells are also present in normal human dermis, we used these techniques to demonstrate two immunologically distinct populations of histiocyte-like cells in normal human dermis. The first population contains cells devoid of phagolysosomes or Birbeck granules. These cells react with anti-T6 antibody, but not with monoclonal anti T3 antibody which defines peripheral T cells, and are found predominantly in and around dermal lymphatic vessels. The second is composed of phagolysosome containing cells which do not react with anti-T6 antibody or anti-T3 antibody. Because to date, Langerhans cells are the only cells in normal human epidermis that react with anti-T6 antibody, these data provide immunological evidence for a specific link between Langerhans cells and a T6-positive dermal mononuclear cell, possibly the so-called indeterminate cell. In addition, application of these techniques should, for the first time, permit the immunological distinction of these T6-positive mononuclear cells from other cells bearing Ia antigens, such as dermal histiocytes and certain lymphocytes, in normal and diseased skin. PMID- 6687686 TI - Fat composition of the infant diet does not influence subsequent serum lipid levels in man. AB - The serum lipid concentrations have been followed until 5 years of age in children fed for between 1 and 6 months with breast milk (n = 35), a home prepared cow's milk formula (n = 17) or proprietary formula with a low content of cholesterol and high content of linoleic acid (n = 32). The serum cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the proprietary formula-fed infants than in the infants fed with breast milk or cow's milk formula between 2 and 6 months of age, i.e. during the period of formula feeding. No differences were observed between the 3 groups in serum lipid values after 9 months of age. A statistically significant correlation was observed between cholesterol concentrations recorded before 6 months and after 3 years of age in children fed initially with the proprietary low-cholesterol formula, but not in the two other groups. It is concluded that the fat composition of the infant diet commonly used in the developed countries affects the contemporary serum cholesterol concentration, but does not influence the serum lipid or lipoprotein levels later in life. PMID- 6687688 TI - Logical inconsistency in construct relationships: conflict or complexity? PMID- 6687689 TI - Ocular morbidity in infants of very low birth weight. AB - In the years 1977-8,258 infants weighing less than 1500 g were born at, or transferred to, the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne; 177 (68.5%) survived, and 111 of these attended for an ophthalmic examination. Significant ocular lesions were found in 37 (33%): 21 (19%) children had squint, 19 (17%) had a significant refractive error, 11 (10%) had cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia (RLF), and 3 (2.7%) had very poor vision due to optic atrophy associated with cerebral palsy. No children were blind owing to RLF, indicating that the recent increase in survival rate of infants of very low birth weight has not been accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of severe RLF. In those children with neither cerebral palsy nor RLF the prevalence of squint was 11% and of refractive errors 13%. Myopia was found mainly in children who had shown RLF changes in the neonatal period. It is recommended that infants of very low birth weight continue to be screened in the premature nursery for RLF, and also at the age of 2, for the detection of refractive errors and squint. PMID- 6687690 TI - Calvarial cells synthesize 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. AB - A metabolite of vitamin D has been isolated in pure form from incubation of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 with embryonic chick calvarial cells that had been grown on Cytodex 1 microcarrier beads. The isolation involved dichloromethane extraction of the cells and incubation medium, followed by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography of the extract. The metabolite was identified as 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by means of ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and sensitivity to oxidation by periodate. This metabolite was not produced by cell-free medium or by cells from embryonic chick liver, skin, or heart. In conclusion, (1) kidney cells are not unique in having 25-hydroxyvitamin D3:1 alpha-hydroxylase activity as previously believed and (2) vitamin D target tissues such as the skeleton may play a direct role in mediating the metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, a vitamin D metabolite active at those sites. PMID- 6687691 TI - Structure of a cDNA for the pro alpha 2 chain of human type I procollagen. Comparison with chick cDNA for pro alpha 2(I) identifies structurally conserved features of the protein and the gene. AB - Nucleotide sequences were determined for cloned cDNAs encoding for more than half of the pro alpha 2 chain of type I procollagen from man. Comparisons with previously published data on homologous cDNAs from chick embryos made it possible to examine evolution of the gene in two species which have diverged for 250-300 million years. The amino acid sequence of the alpha-chain domain supported previous indications that there is a strong selective pressure to maintain glycine as every third amino acid and to maintain a prescribed distribution of charged amino acids. However, there is little apparent selective pressure on other amino acids. The amino acid sequence of the C-propeptide domain showed less divergence than the alpha-chain domain. The 5' end or N terminus of the human C propeptide, however, contained an insert of 12 bases coding for 4 amino acids not found in the chick C-propeptide. About 100 amino acid residues from the N terminus, two residues found in the chick sequence were missing from the human. In the second half of the C-propeptide, there was complete conservation of a 37 amino acid sequence and conservation of 50 out of 51 amino acids in the same region, an observation which suggested that the region serves some special purpose such as directing the association of one pro alpha 2(I) C-propeptide with two pro alpha 1(I) C-propeptides so as to produce the heteropolymeric structure of type I procollagen. In addition, comparison of human and chick DNAs for pro alpha 2(I) revealed three different classes of conservation of nucleotide sequence which have no apparent effect on the structure of the protein: a preference for U on the third base position of codons for glycine, proline, and alanine; a high degree of nucleotide conservation in the 51 amino acid highly conserved region of the C-propeptide; a high degree of nucleotide conservation in the 3'-noncoding region. These three classes of nucleotide conservation may reflect unusual features of collagen genes, such as their high GC content or their highly repetitive coding sequences. PMID- 6687692 TI - Interaction of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine d54 mixtures with glycophorin. A fourier transform infrared investigation. AB - Glycophorin from the human erythrocyte membrane has been isolated in pure form and reconstituted into large unilamellar vesicles comprised of binary mixtures of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and chain perdeuterated 1,2 dimyristoyl-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC-d54). The effect of temperature and protein on lipid structure and mixing was monitored by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; deuteration of one of the components of the mixture permits observation of the protein interaction with each lipid species. The melting curves were analyzed by assuming that each lipid chain can exist in one of two physical states (i.e., gel or liquid crystalline), characterized by a temperature-dependent Lorentzian distribution for the line shape of the C-H or C D stretching vibrations. The fraction of each lipid component melted at temperatures within the two-phase region of the phase diagram was calculated and approximate phase diagrams were constructed. Addition of protein lowers the liquidus line of the phase diagram while leaving the solidus line essentially unchanged. No lipid phase separation is observed. The effect of protein is more pronounced on the DPPC component than on the DMPC-d54. The former is significantly more disordered and/or fluidized at all lipid mole fractions in the ternary system than in the binary phospholipid mixture. PMID- 6687693 TI - Multiplicity of deoxyribonucleic acid sequences with homology to a cloned complementary deoxyribonucleic acid coding for rat phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450. AB - We previously identified cDNA clones for rat cytochrome P-450 of the phenobarbital-inducible type by sequence analysis [Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., Mizukami, Y., Kawajiri, K., Sogawa, K., & Muramatsu, M. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 2793-2797]. With these cloned cDNAs as probe, the multiplicity of phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450 gene in rat genome was investigated by three approaches. The first approach was the Cot analysis of the total rat liver DNA under conditions of DNA excess. With internal and external markers used as gene-number standards, the reassociation kinetics were studied, which suggested the presence of approximately six genes or gene-like sequences hybridizable to phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450 cDNA per rat haploid genome. The second was the isolation of the cytochrome P-450 genes from a rat genomic library. From a screening of about 1 X 10(6) plaques, nine clones with an approximately 15-kb insert were isolated. Restriction maps and Southern blot analysis of the cloned DNAs showed that six out of nine isolated clones contained DNA inserts independent of one another. The third was Southern blot analysis of rat genomic DNA with restriction enzyme EcoRI. Approximately 12 positive bands were demonstrated with the cDNA probe, seven to eight of which showed the same mobilities as the fragments in the isolated six genomic clones, suggesting that some other genes or gene-like DNA sequences remained to be cloned. PMID- 6687694 TI - [Acute leukemias and solid tumors in the course of Hodgkin disease]. AB - In a retrospective study of 1 094 patients treated for Hodgkin's disease between 1963 and 1976, we have observed 65 malignant complications including 28 granulosis acute leukemias and 37 solid tumors. The actuarial 10 year risk of developing acute leukemia is 4.7 per cent; and 5.4 per cent for solid tumors. These figures vary according to the medications received. They are more important in the case of polychemotherapy, particularly for acute leukemia, thus confirming the specific role of alkyl agents. While the course of solid tumors does not seem to differ from that of identical primitive tumors; on the other hand, induced leukemia seems to have a more perjorative prognosis than spontaneous leukemia and they are often announced by cytopenia. The overall risk of developing secondary cancer is multiplied by 2.4 compared to the normal population; that of developing acute leukemia is multiplied by 9.3. In order to reduce this risk, active non alkyl agents of limited duration must be advocated. Irradiation fields must also be reduced. PMID- 6687696 TI - Graves' antibody. PMID- 6687695 TI - Oral 1,25(OH)2D3: an effective prophylactic treatment for glucocorticoid osteopenia in rats. AB - Eighty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a diet with either (a) 0.5% Ca and 0.6% P or (b) 0.01% Ca and 0.6% P. Osteopenia was created by adding prednisolone to the diet. The prophylactic effect of oral 1,25(OH)2D3 on the osteopenia was studied. It was found that prednisolone osteopenia in the rat was associated with defective Ca absorption. By giving an oral dose of 1,25(OH)2D3, it was possible to maintain normal Ca absorption during prednisolone treatment and to prevent the bone loss. No significant hypercalcemia or any kidney calcifications were seen. These results are in contrast to earlier findings, in which subcutaneous administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 failed to prevent prednisolone osteopenia because of its tendency to increase bone resorption. PMID- 6687697 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases: issues and priorities. PMID- 6687699 TI - Malignant lymphoma, diffuse mixed small and large cell. A clinicopathologic study of 47 cases. AB - The clinical and pathologic features of 47 cases of malignant lymphoma, diffuse mixed small and large cell (diffuse mixed lymphoma) are described. Diffuse mixed lymphomas contained approximately equal numbers of small and large cells (30-70%) and comprised 6% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. They occurred in middle-aged and elderly patients (median age = 63 years), showed a female predominance, and were clinically advanced at presentation. The majority of patients exhibited prominent extranodal disease, which frequently involved multiple unrelated sites and usually occurred in conjunction with nodal disease. A notable morphologic spectrum of lymphoma was seen within this series, including 20 cases of mixed small cleaved and large cell (with cleaved and noncleaved nuclei), eight cases of mixed small lymphocytic and large cell (transformed prolymphocytes and blast-like cells), and 12 cases of mixed small cell and large cell, "immunoblastic" lymphoma (with plasmacytoid, clear cell or hyperconvoluted features). There was no significant difference in response to treatment and survival between those cases with less than 50% large cells and those with greater than 50% large cells. The poorest treatment response appeared to be in patients with mixed small cell and large cell, "immunoblastic" lymphomas. Patients with diffuse mixed lymphoma appeared to show a favorable response to cyclphosphamide, Adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) and an unfavorable response to other treatment modalities. PMID- 6687698 TI - Prolonged remissions of metastatic breast cancer achieved with a six-drug regimen of relatively low toxicity. AB - A combination of six chemotherapeutic agents was used to treat 30 women with unresectable metastatic carcinoma of the breast. In the first year five drugs (Cytoxan, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisolone [CMFVP]) were given using a weekly schedule for administration of intravenous drugs. During the next year, a seven-week treatment cycle was introduced, with CMFVP given for four weeks, followed by an Adriamycin combination (Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone [ACP]) for three weeks and then the cycle repeated. Treatment was continued for three years or to time of relapse. Overall response rate was 66.7% (20/30). The median duration of response was 40 months and the median survival 39 months. Premenopausal women fared better than postmenopausal women with comparable response rates, duration of response and survival being 81.5%, 41 months, 56 months versus 50%, 20 months and 27 months. Of 16 premenopausal patients treated 7 achieved a complete response (CR) and, of these, 5 remained free of disease at 3 years. For these five individuals all treatment was then stopped. Disease recurred in two patients by five months but three remain disease-free after 43, 40 and 34 months, respectively without therapy. Toxicity was generally limited to heartburn and modest hair loss. This regimen appears to be more effective than those previously employed for metastatic breast cancer. However, comparative trials will be necessary to confirm its advantages. PMID- 6687700 TI - Indolent diffuse histiocytic lymphoma with sclerosis and chylous effusions. AB - A case of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma with sclerosis and chylous pleural and peritoneal effusions spanning four years from onset to diagnosis is presented. Treatment with combination chemotherapy and consolidative radiotherapy resulted in clinical improvement and the patient remains free of disease 14 months after stopping treatment. The problems of chylous effusions and the subgroup of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma with sclerosis are discussed. PMID- 6687702 TI - The mitogenic activity of OKT3 and anti-Leu 4 monoclonal antibodies: a comparative study. AB - The mitogenic properties of OKT3 (IgG2a) and anti-Leu 4 (IgG1), two monoclonal antibodies directed at the same surface antigen of human T cells, have been studied. Both antibodies, at subnanomolar concentrations, induced thymidine incorporation of comparable magnitude into human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. Their mitogenicity reached peak values 3 days after stimulation, was totally inhibitable by monoclonal OKT11A antibody, and was strictly dependent on the presence of monocytes as auxiliary cells. Whereas mononuclear cells from all blood donors tested were proliferative to OKT3, cells from 12 of 30 donors (40%) were unresponsive to anti-Leu 4. The incidence of this unresponsiveness was significantly higher for cells from female than male donors, showing 60 and 20% nonresponders, respectively. Anti-Leu 4 unresponsiveness was found to be due to the inability of autologous monocytes to exert their auxiliary function; thus, lymphocytes from anti-Leu 4 nonresponders became mitogenically inducible by anti Leu 4 after addition of monocytes from anti-Leu 4 responders, whereas lymphocytes from anti-Leu 4 responders failed to respond to anti-Leu 4 after supplementation of monocytes from anti-Leu 4 nonresponders. Considering the different immunoglobulin subtype of OKT3 (IgG2a) and anti-Leu 4 (IgG1), our results indirectly suggest that the auxiliary function of monocytes is mediated by their Fc receptors. Unresponsiveness to anti-Leu 4 could then be explained by the absence, paucity, or functional deficiency of monocytic Fc receptors for IgG1. PMID- 6687701 TI - Hormonal regulation of plasminogen activator mRNA production in porcine kidney cells. AB - Plasminogen activator (PA) production in LLC-PK1 pig kidney cell culture is induced to high levels by calcitonin and vasopressin, both of which stimulate adenylate cyclase, or by other compounds that also raise intracellular cAMP levels. Enzyme induction is transiently sensitive to inhibition by actinomycin D, suggesting that increased concentrations of cAMP mediate the inducing effects of the hormones by enhancing the transcription of PA-mRNA sequences. We tested this hypothesis by measuring PA-mRNA sequences in the Xenopus oocyte translation system which showed a 15-20-fold enhanced PA-synthesizing capacity when supplied with poly(A)+RNA from induced cells, above that obtained from uninduced cell RNA. Changes in PA-mRNA levels measured by Northern hybridization using cloned PA specific cDNA gave results that agreed well with those obtained from translation assays. Pretreatment with high concentrations of cycloheximide did not block calcitonin-induced PA-mRNA synthesis, indicating that PA gene activation was a primary transcriptional result of calcitonin stimulation and did not require new protein synthesis. PMID- 6687703 TI - Chancroid and granuloma inguinale. PMID- 6687704 TI - Repair of the meniscus. An experimental investigation in rabbits. AB - The healing process of wedge-shaped and longitudinal lesions in the meniscus of the knee was investigated in 74 menisci in 24 Chinchilla rabbits. In four cases the whole meniscus was removed and reimplanted. healing was most evident in the wedge-shaped lesions, which were repaired by fibrocartilage. In longitudinal lesions the repair was markedly avascular and consisted of fibrous tissue only. Suturing did not facilitate the healing process. PMID- 6687705 TI - Variability in caffeine metabolism. AB - Urinary metabolites excreted after oral caffeine were quantified in a healthy sample (n = 68) from the Toronto population by HPLC analyses. The profile of metabolites, assessed by examining particular metabolite ratios, was found to differ widely among subjects. Ratios denoting cytochrome P-450-dependent activities were shown to be interethnically variable between oriental and Caucasian groups, whereas those indicative of xanthine oxidase activity exhibited neither significant interindividual variation nor an ethnic difference. It was also shown that a ratio providing an index of polymorphic N-acetyltransferase activity holds promise as a simple marker for acetylator status in man. PMID- 6687706 TI - Automation of a cryopreservation apparatus. AB - An organ preservation apparatus was interfaced to a process-control computer and automated. The flexibility of the equipment was demonstrated by running simultaneous dual sets of experiments under multiple and variable conditions. The computer-control program was written in a new high-level language, Real Time Extended Basic (RTEB), which allowed interactive calibration of the instruments, accurate control of variables, and modification of parameters during run time. A series of preliminary tests in the areas of normothermia, hypothermia, cooling of isolated rat hearts, and cryoprotectant toxicity were performed successfully. This work describes the apparatus and computer program in use. PMID- 6687707 TI - A system for the three-dimensional reconstruction of biological structures. AB - A system of programs for building three-dimensional models of biological structures was developed. Outlines of features such as cells, tissue edges, and neuron pathways are traced into a computer from tissue sections mounted on a light microscope or projected onto a data tablet. The three-dimensional models are built from a series of the two-dimensional outlines. The cathode ray tube displays of the three-dimensional models can be smoothly rotated for study, and a static display with hidden lines removed can be produced. Volume and surface area calculations for the models can be done. It is possible to obtain further anatomical data by counting and mapping silver grains in autoradiographs of tissue sections. The density of grains reveals pathways and boundaries in the structure. Displays of silver grain maps and counts can be superimposed on displays of the model of the structure. PMID- 6687708 TI - Hydrogen peroxide causes permeability edema and hypertension in isolated salt perfused rabbit lungs. PMID- 6687709 TI - Pneumococcal killing in the alveolus. Evidence for a nonphagocytic defense mechanism for early clearance. PMID- 6687710 TI - Effects of graded amounts of intragastric calcium on acid secretion, gastrin release, and gastric emptying in normal and duodenal ulcer subjects. AB - We studied effects of graded concentrations of intragastric calcium on acid secretion, residual gastric volume, and serum gastrin and calcium levels. Intragastric titration was performed with solutions of isotonic mannitol or mannitol plus 2.5, 6, 16, 39, and 97 mM CaCl(2) in 10 normal and eight duodenal ulcer subjects. Acid secretion was significantly increased above control values by the two highest CaCl2 concentrations in normal subjects and by the three highest CaCl2 concentrations in ulcer subjects. Highest observed acid output to any concentration of CaCl2 was 55% of peak acid output to pentagastrin in normal subjects and 75% in ulcer subjects. Intragastric calcium also released gastrin; correlation between acid secretion and circulating gastrin was weak (r = 0.43, P less than 0.05). Serum calcium was slightly increased but did not correlate with acid secretion. Residual intragastric volume after both control and CaCl2 solutions was much less in ulcer than in normal subjects; calcium did not alter residual volumes. PMID- 6687711 TI - Chemically reactive metabolites as suicide enzyme inhibitors. PMID- 6687712 TI - Fluorescence probe studies of the distribution of ubiquinone homologues in bilayers of dipalmitoylglycerophosphocholine. AB - Fluorescent probes have been used to examine the effect of ubiquinones with varying polyisoprenoid chain lengths varying from 3-10 units on the thermotropic properties of dipalmitoylglycerophosphocholine bilayers. The quenching of fluorescence from n-(9-anthroyloxy) fatty acids (n = 9 or 12 for stearates; n = 16 for palmitate) added to the dispersion by the benzoquinone substituent of ubiquinone was also used as a method of establishing the mode of interaction of the different homologues with the bilayer structure. Fluorescent intensity and polarisation values showed that ubiquinone homologues with polyisoprenoid substituents shorter than six units tended to perturb the thermotropic properties of hydrocarbon domain whereas longer-chain homologues were without effect when present in proportions of up to about 5 mol%. The short-chain homologues also caused extensive fluorescence quenching of the probes suggesting that they were accessible to the interior hydrocarbon domain of the structure and tended to be more concentrated in this region at temperatures above compared to those below the gel-liquid crystalline phase transition of the phospholipid. Ubiquinones with polyisoprenoid chains longer than 6-7 units did not cause fluorescence quenching of the n-(9-anthroyloxy) fatty acid probes either in gel or liquid crystalline bilayers. Addition of the detergent, Triton X-100, to phospholipid dispersions induced fluorescence quenching by long-chain homologues. Ubiquinone-10 was also found to quench fluorescence of diphenylhexatriene, a probe accessible to all of the hydrocarbon domain of the dispersion. The results suggest that the long-chain homologues of ubiquinone are located within bilayer dispersions of phospholipid in a region not sensed by the fatty acid probes or that the bilayer structure prevents the mutual orientations of the fluorophore and the benzoquinone substituent required for formation of a quenching complex. PMID- 6687713 TI - Stretches of alternating poly(T-dG), with the capacity to form Z-DNA, are present in human liver transcripts. AB - A cDNA clone consisting of a stretch of poly(T-dG) alternating residues, a potential Z-DNA forming sequence, was identified in a human cDNA library. The result of Northern blot analysis confirms that this sequence is transcribed into polyadenylated RNA in human liver. PMID- 6687714 TI - Graves' disease during pregnancy. AB - Presented are two case studies which investigate the adverse effects of Graves' disease in pregnant women. Particular attention has been paid to the therapeutic regimen and its implications for the maternal, fetal and neonatal well-being. The first case study illustrates that Graves' disease complicating pregnancy can be treated by bed rest and careful observation of mother and fetus. The first pregnancy of our second case study confirms these results. Her second pregnancy, in which the symptoms of Graves' disease were far more severe, illustrates that it is possible to treat fetal hyperthyroidism by treating the pregnant mother with antithyroid drugs. If great care is taken to avoid overtreatment of the fetus, the treatment with antithyroid drugs is superior to surgical treatment, since surgery completely neglects the problem of fetal hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6687715 TI - [Local manifestation of the blastomogenic activity of p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid]. PMID- 6687716 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA coding for the human dihydrofolic acid reductase. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the human dihydrofolic acid reductase (DHFR) reading frame has been derived from the analysis of human DHFR cDNA. This sequence and the corresponding amino acid sequence have been compared with those available for the enzyme and its coding segment from other organisms. There is an 89% nucleotide sequence homology between the human DHFR reading frame and the mouse coding sequence. Furthermore, amino acid-sequence homologies of 74%, 81% and 89% has been found between human DHFR and chicken, bovine and mouse DHFR, respectively. PMID- 6687718 TI - [Gastrointestinal manifestation of malignant systemic diseases]. AB - Malignant diseases of the lymphoreticular system can become manifest within the gastrointestinal tract, either isolated, involving solitary organs, in generalized form, or as diffuse polyposis. The ratio of primary to secondary lymphomas is quoted as being 1:2 to 1:3. The clinical picture is characterized by their spread. Abdominal pain, loss of weight, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, including even gastrointestinal hemorrhage, are the most frequently observed symptoms. The involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in Hodgkin's and non Hodgkin lymphomas of, on average, some 10%, is confirmed in our own material over the past 7 years. From a total of 580 malignant lymphomas, 47 cases were confirmed, endoscopically and bioptically, to have gastrointestinal involvement, primary lymphomas accounting for 1/3, secondary for 2/3. Gastric lymphomas accounted for 59.6%, small-bowel lymphomas for 25.5%, a large-bowel involvement was seen in 14.9%. The centrocytic-centroblastic and lymphoblastic lymphomas predominate. PMID- 6687717 TI - Antenatal glucocorticoid administration: effects on oxygen-hemoglobin affinity and hemoglobin levels in experimental hyaline membrane disease. AB - Dexamethasone or saline was administered in a randomized fashion to pregnant Macaca nemestrina for 3 days prior to preterm abdominal delivery. The steroid treated animals demonstrated a greater hemoglobin concentration and a greater mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in cord blood. There was no difference between the groups in mean P50 in cord blood. The infants of steroid-treated animals had less frequent and less severe hyaline membrane disease. We conclude that antenatal steroid administration ameliorates postnatal respiratory distress without inducing changes in P50 and with only a small change induced in cord blood hemoglobin. PMID- 6687720 TI - Tuftsin stimulates the release of oxygen radicals and thromboxane from macrophages. AB - The physiologically occurring tetrapeptide, tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg), was examined for its effects on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. Adherent macrophages (moo) were exposed to tuftsin at concentrations ranging from 10(8) to 10(6) M, and the release of oxygen radicals and the arachidonic acid cyclo oxygenation product, thromboxane B2 (TXB2), was studied. Tuftsin causes both albumin-elicited and C. parvum-activated moo to set free superoxide anion (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It also stimulates the liberation of TXB2 from albumin-elicited moo. The demonstrated induction of the release of toxic oxygen species from moo by tuftsin may explain how tuftsin-augmented moo-mediated cytotoxicity is accomplished. PMID- 6687719 TI - Predicting space and personnel in academic clinical pathology. AB - This report compares the results from two surveys of the resources of academic clinical pathology departments. In 1971, the Academy of Clinical Laboratory Physicians and Scientists (ACLPS) obtained data from 25 academic clinical pathology departments on actual workload variables (census, procedures per year, admissions per year, and outpatient visits per year), along with estimates of ideal space and ideal staffing. A study conducted by NIH obtained data from 31 academic clinical pathology departments for 1976 for the same workload variables, along with actual and ideal space and actual staffing. Regression analyses were performed with space, technical personnel, and doctoral personnel as the dependent variables and patients per day, admissions per year, and numbers of procedures per year as the independent variables. For each study, admissions per year and patients per day were statistically significant predictors of both departmental space and technical personnel. The slope of each significant regression from the ACLPS study was greater than the comparable significant slope from the NIH study. These data provide a basis for comparing resources among academic clinical pathology departments, assessing current resources, and projecting future needs. PMID- 6687721 TI - Hemoglobin saitama or beta 117 (G19) His leads to Pro, a new variant causing hemolytic disease. AB - An electrophoretically silent unstable hemoglobin was found in a 23-year-old Japanese woman suffering from hemolytic anemia and jaundice. The unstable beta subunit was precipitated with p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and the globin was further purified by urea CM-52 column chromatography. Results of amino acid analysis, tryptic fingerprinting and manual Edman degradation of the abnormal beta T12B established a substitution of proline for histidine beta 117 (G19). This new abnormal hemoglobin was absent in other members of the family. PMID- 6687722 TI - Computerised dietary calculations: an interactive approach updated. AB - Five dietary interactive programs have been written based on the 4th edition of McCance and Widdowson's 'The composition of foods' (Paul & Southgate, 1978) to which additional recipes and foods, including products used in therapeutic diets, have been added. The programs are DIET1 for calculating the nutrient content of a meal, recipe or list of foods; DAILYD for calculating the nutrient intake for a day, meal by meal; EXCHNG for calculating the weights of any selected foods required to obtain any chosen weight of any selected nutrient; DIETAD which gives the code numbers and nutrient composition of foods which have been added; INFOD1 which gives the nutrient composition of any food on the file. The use of these programs is described and an example using DIET1 is given. PMID- 6687723 TI - Long-term nitrogen balance in preschool children fed the safe level of protein from a cereal-legume-milk diet and adequate energy. AB - A long-term N balance study was carried out in five preschool children 3-4 years of age fed a cereal-legume-milk diet providing 1.75 g protein and 100 kcal (418 kJ) energy/kg body weight. This level of protein was found to be safe for preschool children in an earlier short-term N balance study. Continuous N balance was determined for 70 d in three subjects and 45 d in two subjects. All the subjects were found to be in steady positive N balance throughout the experimental period, the mean daily N retention varying between 54.5 and 87.5 mg/d. All the children increased their body weight steadily over the experimental period. No tendency of N balance to decrease with time was observed. It is concluded that the safe level of protein for preschool children estimated from a short-term N balance study is quite adequate when tested by a long-term feeding trial. PMID- 6687724 TI - The effect of postoperative radiotherapy on the feasibility of optimal dose adjuvant CMF chemotherapy in stage II breast carcinoma. PMID- 6687726 TI - Hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis: effects of phosphate depletion on vitamin D metabolism, and of acute hypocalcemia on parathyroid hormone secretion and action. AB - In hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis, plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] levels are inappropriately elevated, suggesting an abnormality in vitamin D metabolism. To define this abnormality further, we measured vitamin D metabolites in two patients and four controls before and after phosphate depletion. The patients showed elevated plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D in the basal state. Phosphate depletion reduced serum phosphate in patients from a mean of 6.1 to 2.6 mg/dl; this was accompanied by a rise in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D from 33.6 to 41.9 ng/dl, and in 1,25(OH)2D from 67.7 to 93.2 pg/ml. The absolute rise in 1,25(OH)2D was similar to that of controls. EDTA infusion produced a normal increase of serum immunoreactive PTH levels and urinary cAMP excretion. In this form of tumoral calcinosis, 1,25(OH)2D levels are elevated despite hyperphosphatemia, normal immunoreactive PTH, and normal serum calcium concentrations, suggesting an abnormality in the regulation of 1,25(OH)2D synthesis or metabolism, or alternatively, another undefined stimulus for 1,25(OH)2D synthesis. These patients appear to have concurrent abnormalities of renal tubular phosphate transport and vitamin D metabolism. PMID- 6687725 TI - Localization of emulsan-like polymers associated with the cell surface of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. AB - Various immunochemical techniques were employed to probe the relationship between the extracellular emulsifying agent (emulsan) and the cell-associated form of the polymer in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1. Using an emulsan-specific antibody preparation, immunocytochemical labeling revealed that an emulsan-like antigen is a major component of the 125-nm minicapsule which envelopes the exponential-phase cell of the parent strain. The marked reduction of this capsule in stationary phase cells was correlated with the production of extracellular emulsifying activity. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis techniques demonstrated that the major antigenic component (S1) of the culture supernatant fluid is immunochemically identical to purified emulsan, yet electrophoretically distinct. The characteristics of the parent strain were compared with those of two phage resistant mutant strains which are defective in extracellular emulsan production. One of these mutants, termed TR3, lacked both the emulsan-like capsule on the cell surface and the extracellular S1 component. A second phage-resistant emulsan defective mutant (TL4) was characterized by an antigenically altered and inactive form of extracellular emulsan. A relatively small amount of emulsan-like capsular material was consistently demonstrated on the cell surface of this mutant. The correlation between phage sensitivity and extracellular emulsan production was strengthened by the fact that emulsan-specific antibodies inhibited both emulsification activity and phage adsortion onto cells of the parent strain. PMID- 6687727 TI - Selecting groups of sires by computer to maximize herd breeding goals. AB - A computerized linear program, MAXBULL, selects sires for dairymen to obtain maximum Predicted Difference milk while maintaining other goals. Goals are minimum average Predicted Differences fat percent and type, six individual type traits, and maximum average semen price. Individuals traits for bulls are coded +1, 0, -1 according to evaluations from breed associations. Dairymen restrict bulls offered to the program by specifying unacceptable repeatability, Predicted Differences, and price. They further control breed, stud organizations, minimum bull numbers, use of sires with low repeatability (less than 50%) and without type proofs, and maximum use of specific bulls and sons of sires. Goals for individual type are specified as the percentage of cows in the herd needing improvement in each trait. The solution contains at least that percentage of semen from sires coded +1 in each trait. The dairyman receives a count of bulls surviving each of his edits, a reiteration of his goals, a list of recommended units and all information for each sire, averages for all traits weighted by the units recommended, and the expected increase in Predicted Difference milk from relaxing each goal one unit. MAXBULL has led to individualized breeding programs characterized by reasonable goals, balance in emphasis among traits, and stability in goals over time. PMID- 6687728 TI - Breeding programs of dairymen selecting Holstein sires by computer. AB - A computerized linear program (MAXBULL) selects groups of sires to attain or exceed goals of dairymen and maximize weighted average Predicted Difference for milk. Goals for 196 dairymen with Holsteins in the spring of 1982 averaged -.05 Predicted Difference fat percent, .85 Difference type, $17.52 per unit, and percents net superiority 29, 35, 36, 27, 33, and 46 for descriptive traits udder support, rear udder, fore udder, teats, hind legs, and feet. Percent net superiority is the percentage of units from sires having a significant number of superior daughters in a trait, reduced by the percentage of units from sires having a significant number of inferior daughters. Associated Predicted Difference milk, fat, and dollars were 789 kg, 25 kg, and $215. All goals exceeded averages of artificial insemination sires available, and Predicted Difference dollars exceeded Virginia service sire averages by $44 and the 90th percentile sire by $6. Predicted Difference fat percent was the most frequently binding production trait, whereas udder support was the most frequently binding type trait. Predicted Difference fat percent and price were most influential on maximum Predicted Difference milk. Breeding programs of dairymen using bulls from on organization differed from those using bulls from several organizations. PMID- 6687729 TI - Computerized nutrient data bases: II. Development of model for appraisal of nutrient data base system capabilities. AB - A review model has been developed that present a methodology for assessing the computational accuracy of a computerized dietary analysis system and provides a strategy for examining the status of nutrient data utilized in the computations. The model, which consists of a questionnaire, five computing tasks, and an interpretation guide, was tested by seven nutrient data base systems and was found to be a capable tool for assessing their capabilities and accuracy. The review model is intended to be a prototype that can be modified for special needs. Developers of nutrient data base systems are encouraged to utilize this systematic methodology to review their data bases and the performance of their computer programs. PMID- 6687731 TI - Introduction to computers. PMID- 6687732 TI - The histopathological effects of chronic electrical stimulation of the cat cochlea. PMID- 6687733 TI - A lip-reading assessment for profoundly deaf patients. PMID- 6687730 TI - Serum free thyroid hormones in T3-toxicosis: a study of 35 patients. AB - Few data are available on serum free thyroid hormone concentration in patients with T3-toxicosis. In this study total and free T4 and T3 and TBG were evaluated in 35 subjects with T3-toxicosis, including 12 with untreated Graves' disease, 5 Graves' patients on methimazole treatment, 13 with autonomous adenoma, 3 with multinodular goiter, and 2 with subacute thyroiditis. T4, T3, free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3) as well as calculated T4/TBG and T3/TBG ratios were significantly higher in patients than in 37 healthy controls. Serum FT4 levels above the normal range were found in 19 subjects with T3-toxicosis (9 with untreated and one with methimazole-treated Graves' disease, 6 with autonomous adenoma, 1 with multinodular goiter and 2 with subacute thyroiditis). These data, together with the few previous reports, indicate that high FT4 levels are present in about half of the patients with so called T3-toxicosis, and that this occurs more frequently in diffuse than nodular goiter. It is suggested that the term T3-toxicosis be used only for those subjects with normal total and free T4. PMID- 6687734 TI - Hormone treatments and pregnancy alter myosin light chain kinase and calmodulin levels in rabbit myometrium. AB - Myosin light chain kinase activity and the amount of calmodulin were measured in rabbit myometrium after the rabbits had been treated with oestrogen, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin, and also during pregnancy. Injections of oestrogen and progesterone produced significant increases of of 2.8- and 2.1-fold in the enzyme activity/mg protein and of 1.4- and 1.2-fold in the calmodulin content/mg protein respectively. The increases seen with oestrogen treatment were inhibited by cycloheximide administration, suggesting that protein synthesis is involved in the process. Calmodulin increased about twofold in the particulate fraction under conditions of oestrogen and progesterone treatments and the raised level of calmodulin detected in the cytosol fraction was not due to translocation from the particulate fraction. During pregnancy the specific enzyme activity significantly increased in comparison with the values seen in samples from the non-treated rabbits. These findings suggest that myosin light chain kinase and calmodulin in the myometrium are under hormonal regulation and may play a role in expulsion of the fetus at the latter phase of pregnancy. PMID- 6687735 TI - Ruptured mycotic aneurysm during a computed tomogram brain scan. PMID- 6687736 TI - Phenytoin I: in vitro-in vivo correlation for 100-mg phenytoin sodium capsules. AB - Dissolution profiles for 11 brands of phenytoin sodium capsules were carried out by the basket and paddle methods (USP) and the spin-filter method. The results from the dissolution studies have been correlated with observed differences in in vivo parameters (Cmax and tmax). The dissolution by the basket method at 50 rpm in water gave a correlation greater than 0.9. The results suggest the existence of two types of phenytoin sodium products on the market. PMID- 6687737 TI - Effect of antidepressant drugs on the in-vitro egg-penetrating ability of golden hamster epididymal spermatozoa. AB - Tricyclic antidepressants appeared to be without effect, except for desipramine which significantly decreased whiplash motility after spermatozoa were added to eggs, and clomipramine which decreased motility and whiplash motility in epididymal sperm suspensions after pretreatment of males. Mianserin and viloxazine were also without effect, but nomifensine significantly decreased sperm motility and whiplash motility and inhibited egg penetration almost completely. After 3 h preincubation with 0.75 mmol nomifensine hydrogen maleate/l, 2/181 and 0/256 eggs were penetrated in two separate series of experiments. Control groups in these series gave medians of 90-100% penetration by 4.5-5.5 h after spermatozoa and eggs were mixed. Maleic acid had a similar effect (1/253 eggs penetrated) whilst nomifensine hydrochloride was inactive, suggesting that the effect was due to the maleate moiety of the original nomifensine hydrogen maleate salt used. PMID- 6687740 TI - Intercanyon movement of marked Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 6687738 TI - Oocyte maturation inhibitor, inhibin and steroid concentrations in porcine follicular fluid at various stages of the oestrous cycle. AB - Oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI), inhibin, progesterone and oestradiol 17 beta concentrations were measured in fluid collected from small (less than 3 mm), medium size (3-6 mm) and large (greater than 6 mm) porcine ovarian follicles, which were obtained on Days 5, 10, 15 and 18 of the oestrous cycle and at 24 h after the onset of oestrus. Concentrations of OMI decreased with increasing follicle diameter (P less than 0.05), independent of the stage of the oestrous cycle. Concentrations of inhibin showed a tendency to decrease with increasing follicle diameter on Days 10, 15 and 18, but not on Day 5 of the cycle. Concentrations of OMI and inhibin in the largest follicles were low before the onset of oestrus, and were essentially unaltered 24 h later. A positive correlation was found between OMI and inhibin concentrations, whereas the correlation between inhibin concentration and log (progesterone concentrations) was negative. PMID- 6687741 TI - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray investigation of lipoamide dehydrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - The FAD-containing enzyme lipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.4.3. NADH: lipoamide oxidoreductase) of Azotobacter vinelandii has been crystallized from polyethylene glycol solutions. The space group is P2(1)2(1)2(1) with one dimer in the asymmetric unit. The cell dimensions are: a = 64.2, b = 83.8, c = 193 A. X-ray reflections extend to at least 2.2 A resolution. PMID- 6687739 TI - Pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel. AB - Thirty patients with acute pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel are presented, and the aetiology and diagnosis of this recognized clinical entity are described. Emergency barium enema examination is recommended in patients with symptoms and signs of large bowel obstruction. When no mechanical blockage is found a diagnosis of pseudo-obstruction can be made. The management of pseudo-obstruction is conservative, with nasogastic suction, intravenous fluids and the treatment of any associated condition such as cardiac failure and inflammatory conditions. The indications for surgery in pseudo-obstruction are discussed. PMID- 6687742 TI - Preliminary evaluation of ivermectin for control of Psoroptes ovis in desert bighorn sheep. PMID- 6687743 TI - Stable bubbles signal better breathing in neonate. PMID- 6687744 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of postoperative intestinal paresis]. PMID- 6687745 TI - [Transnasal intubation of the small intestine in paralytic ileus]. PMID- 6687747 TI - Transurethral laser coagulation for treatment of urinary bladder tumors. AB - Owing to the biophysical properties involved, the Nd:YAG laser is most suited for coagulation of even inhomogeneous tissue. We determined the optimal laser parameters for therapy of urinary bladder tumors. Deep homogeneous necroses can be obtained without perforation risk of the bladder wall, and the procedure does not cause dangerous damage to the intestinal loops. We have studied animal experiments by close examination and systematic inquiry, and thus we were able to determine sufficient laser parameters in dependence on tissue thickness. Clinical studies verified these results for living human tissue. After some years of clinical use of the Nd:YAG laser we can make the first statistical statements. PMID- 6687746 TI - Osteoblastic metastatic disease as a therapeutic response to adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. AB - Included in this study were 43 breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy who presented metastasis only in bone. Forty-two percent had metastasis during chemotherapy, and 58% had metastasis after the completion of chemotherapy. In 66% of the patients, the lesions were osteolytic. Twenty-nine percent had osteoblastic lesions, and 5% had mixed lesions. Of the patients with osteoblastic metastatic disease, five showed asymptomatic, osteoblastic disease; this response was considered to be a healing response to chemotherapy. These five patients were continued on the same therapy. The median duration of this response to the adjuvant chemotherapy was 29 months (range 6 to 62+). In one patient, osteoblastic disease gradually faded, and skeletal radiographs reverted to normal. PMID- 6687748 TI - [Thrombocytopenia in Basedow disease]. PMID- 6687750 TI - Sensitivity of intestinal calcium absorption to prevailing serum 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D concentrations in humans. PMID- 6687749 TI - 1,25(OH)2D3 and 25-OHD3 in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy: comparison of combined versus 1,25(OH)2D3 administration alone. PMID- 6687751 TI - Total parathyroidectomy and renal function in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - 5 patients with nonterminal renal failure who underwent total parathyroidectomy at Sydney Hospital over a 4-year period showed significant postoperative deterioration in renal function. In 4 of these patients, this deterioration occurred at a time when they were receiving supplements of calcium and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 but when close monitoring failed to show any evidence of hypercalcemia. In 1 patient the deterioration in renal function was clearly associated with hypercalcemia. We suggest that parathyroidectomy in nondialyzed patients be reserved for those with severe symptomatic hyperparathyroidism and that wherever possible the need for large doses of calcium and vitamin D be avoided. PMID- 6687753 TI - Association of cerebral mycotic aneurysm and brain abscess. AB - The authors report a case of brain abscess which occurred as a possible complication of a mycotic aneurysm. Inadequate antibiotic treatment given at the time of a febrile illness in a patient with rheumatic heart disease seems to be the most likely cause of this unusual complication. The effects of inadequate antibiotic treatment on the pathogenesis are briefly discussed. PMID- 6687754 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in the beagle puppy model of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage: studies during systemic hypertension. AB - The newborn beagle puppy serves as an animal model for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of the premature infant. Since increased systemic blood pressure has been implicated in the genesis of IVH in both babies and puppies, we studied regional cerebral blood flow in control and hypertensive puppies. Hypertension significantly increased blood flow to all structures. The largest increases occurred in gray matter, especially deep cerebral and brainstem nuclei. Blood flow also increased to deep hemispheric white matter, but the magnitude of the increase was smaller. Hypertension also increased blood flow to the subependymal germinal matrix (GM). The magnitude of the increase to most of the GM was small and similar to deep hemispheric white matter. The increase to the most rostral GM was higher and equal to the mean increase seen in gray matter. This rostral caudal gradient of hypertension-induced hyperperfusion may explain the tendency for IVH to occur in rostral GM in premature babies. However, the failure to find a disproportionate increase in blood flow to GM during hypertension implies that additional factors besides hypertension-induced GM hyperperfusion may be involved in the pathogenesis of IVH. PMID- 6687752 TI - NIH research grants. Battle on indirect costs continues. PMID- 6687755 TI - Effect of sodium ascorbate on transplantable murine tumors. AB - The possible inhibitory effect of vitamin C (sodium ascorbate) on metastases from two transplantable murine tumors was studied. The first murine tumor, colon carcinoma CA-51, was subcutaneously transplanted into male Balb/c mice. Immediately after tumor implantation, the mice were given either 1.0% sodium ascorbate or tap water. Subcutaneous tumors were surgically removed from one half of the animals in each group when the tumors reached a size of 1.5 cm. Results indicated no differences in survival, in the number of mice with metastases, or in the size of metastases between treated and untreated groups. The second murine tumor, lymphosarcoma 6C3HED, was subcutaneously implanted into C3H male and female mice. Sodium ascorbate (1.0% or 3.0%) was administered as above, but surgery was not performed. Again, no significant differences in the number of mice with metastases were observed between treated and untreated groups, with the exception of brain and regional lymph node metastases (enhanced, in males, by ascorbate). PMID- 6687757 TI - The regulation of acid-base balance--a microprocessor simulation. PMID- 6687756 TI - Hypocalcemia associated with phototherapy in newborn rats: light source dependence. PMID- 6687758 TI - A microcomputer technique for the detailed analysis of animal behaviour. AB - Movements and postures of animals may be described quantitatively and as such represent measures that may be used to, for example, detect drug-induced alterations in behaviour. However, because of the time-investment needed to generate such data, quantitative assessment of animal behaviour remains a major problem in psychopharmacology. The present communication outlines a microcomputer based method for obtaining frequency, real-time duration and latency measures from a large number of behavioural elements. When used in conjunction with a videotape recorder, this system enables one experimenter to obtain data from situations involving several interacting animals, thus representing an aid to increased data-logging efficiency using only equipment that is commonly found in many psychopharmacology laboratories. PMID- 6687759 TI - [Changes in the chromosome map of mouse lymphosarcoma cells with prolonged irradiation]. AB - In experiments on lymphosarcoma cells LS/BL, a study was made of changes in the chromosome pattern after long-term continuous irradiation at a low dose rate (35.8 X 10(-5) mC X kg-1 X s-1). To ensure reliable detection of changes in the chromosome length the method of automated computer analysis of the chromosome pattern with subsequent statistical evaluation was used. The radiation effect was manifested by a higher frequency of shape abnormalities in continuously exposed cells. PMID- 6687760 TI - The influence of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the mineral content of foetal guinea pigs. AB - The influence of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (0.05 microgram/kg bw/day, given I.M. for 10 days) on calcium transfer from dam to foetus and on foetal calcium and phosphate content was observed in 3 groups of 10 guinea pigs, one group on each of days 40, 50 and 66 of gestation. At 40 and 50 days of gestation, 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol increased the calcium and phosphate content of the foetus. 45Ca transfer from the dam to placenta (measured during a 30-90 min period) was higher in treated than in control animals. PMID- 6687761 TI - [Physiopathology of the acute adult respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 6687762 TI - DNA rearrangement and altered RNA expression of the c-myb oncogene in mouse plasmacytoid lymphosarcomas. AB - Three types of tumors termed plasmacytomas (ABPC's), lymphosarcomas (ABLS's), and plasmacytoid lymphosarcomas (ABPL's) arise in BALB/c mice treated with pristane and Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV). While most ABPC's and BLS's contain integrated A-MuLV proviral genome and synthesize the v-abl RNA, most ABPL's do not. The ABPL tumors were examined for the expression of other oncogenes that may be associated with their transformed state, in the absence of transforming virus. These tumors expressed abundant c-myb RNA of unusually large size and showed DNA rearrangements of the c-myb locus. PMID- 6687763 TI - Packages or purpose built? PMID- 6687764 TI - Large-cell lymphocytic lymphoma. AB - Progress in the treatment of large-cell lymphocytic lymphoma during the last decade has been such that cure has replaced palliation as the objective of treatment. In pathologically proven stage I or II disease appropriate radiotherapy is adequate. It is of major importance to recognize that even in stage III or IV disease cure is possible, and it is therefore in the patient's best interests that initial assessment take into account the morphological and immunobiological features of the tumour as well as other prognostic factors, and that a chemotherapeutic regimen of established efficacy be prescribed. Newer challenges are a need to define optimum chemotherapy and explore the roles of bone marrow transplantation and immunological manipulation of the tumour with monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6687766 TI - Effect of des-amino-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) on plasma levels of platelet and endothelial cell release products. PMID- 6687765 TI - Tick-bite fever in South Africa. The occurrence of severe cases on the Witwatersrand. AB - Tick-bite fever, the variety of tick typhus occurring in southern Africa, is caused by Rickettsia conori var. pijperi and is transmitted by hard or ixodid ticks. It is usually a mild disease, especially in children and young adults, but in middle-aged and elderly patients (and sometimes in young adults) it may assume a severe form. This is characterized by high fever, severe headache, delirium, stupor and occasionally coma, and a profuse maculopapular rash which becomes haemorrhagic and is associated with petechiae in the skin and later, but rarely, by the development of gangrene of the fingers and toes. During these severe attacks the central nervous system may be involved and marked disorders of liver and kidney function sometimes lead to kidney failure and the need for treatment and dialysis in an intensive care unit. Three illustrative cases are described in which diagnosis was delayed. One patient died; 2 patients responded to administration of tetracycline. The danger of allowing tick-infested dogs onto one's bed is stressed. Infections transmitted by dog ticks tend to be more severe than those acquired via ticks from the bushveld, possibly because they so often occur in middle-aged and elderly patients. Serological tests have recently indicated that there are antigenic differences between 'suburban' and 'bushveld' strains; these clearly require further study. PMID- 6687767 TI - [Serodiagnosis in mononucleosis]. PMID- 6687768 TI - [The patient with impaired defense against infections. Types of defect and spectrum of infectious diseases]. PMID- 6687769 TI - Effect of cyclosporine on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice. PMID- 6687770 TI - Isolation of benzimidazole resistant strains of Ostertagia circumcincta from British sheep. AB - Two strains of Ostertagia circumcincta were isolated from sheep in Great Britain; one (CVL strain) from a breeding flock maintained at the Central Veterinary Laboratory, the other (H2 strain) from a commercial flock in southern England. Their resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics was assessed by means of in vitro egg hatch assays and slaughter trials. In vitro egg hatch assays gave calculated ED50 estimates of 0.799 micrograms thiabendazole/ml for the CVL strain and 0.794 micrograms thiabendazole/ml for the H2 strain, compared with ED50 estimates of 0.038 micrograms thiabendazole/m and 0.036 micrograms thiabendazole/ml for two known susceptible strains of O circumcincta. There was a 40.7, 28.4 and 66.9 per cent reduction in the group mean worm burdens of lambs infected with the CVL strain following treatment with thiabendazole, fenbendazole and oxfendazole, respectively, and 23.8, 0.0, 79.6, 52.7, 99.9 and 100 per cent reduction in the group mean worm burdens of lambs infected with the H2 strain following treatment with thiabendazole, fenbendazole, oxfendazole, albendazole, levamisole and ivermectin, respectively. Detailed field histories for both strains are given. PMID- 6687772 TI - Higher level languages. PMID- 6687771 TI - Adverse reactions to unapproved applications. PMID- 6687774 TI - [The removal of remnants of the posterior horn of the meniscus]. PMID- 6687775 TI - Recovery of thyroid function with a decreased titre of antimicrosomal antibody in a hypothyroid man with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - A 36 year old man with a diffuse goitre, signs of mild hypothyroidism, strikingly low levels of T4 (0.9 micrograms/dl) and T3 (24 ng/dl), elevated TSH (140 microU/ml) and elevated microsomal haemagglutination antibody (MCHA, 1:409 600), subsequently became non-goitrous and euthyroid with a decreased titre of antimicrosomal antibody without any medication. At the time of surgical biopsy, serum levels of T4 and T3 had risen to the normal range (4.6 micrograms/dl and 73 ng/dl, respectively), serum TSH had decreased to 30 microU/ml and the titre of MCHA to 1:25 600. Thyroid specimens showed Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The activity of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) was normal. The latest examination, 1 year and 3 months after initial evaluation, showed that the patient remained euthyroid with no goitre, that serum thyroid hormones were within the normal range (T4 7.7 micrograms/dl and T3 97 ng/dl), and that TSH was not detectable. The titre of MCHA decreased strikingly to 1:400. PMID- 6687773 TI - Pulmonary surfactant contents in bronchial secretion in children with chronic respiratory diseases estimated by physico-chemical methods. PMID- 6687776 TI - The antinociceptive effect of ketobemidone in comparison with Ketogin. AB - The antinociceptive effect of ketobemidone, A 29 (N,N-dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl-l methyl-alkylamine chloride) and Ketogin (combination of ketobemidone and A 29) has been investigated in mice and rats. The hot plate, grid shock, phenylquinone and Randall-Selitto test were used. Ketobemidone caused antinociception whereas A 29 was without effect. Ketogin was in comparison with ketobemidone more potent. The mechanism of the potentiating effect of A 29 remains to be clarified. PMID- 6687778 TI - Protein requirements in infants and children: a longitudinal study of children treated for phenylketonuria. AB - Two groups of children with phenylketonuria were followed from birth for several years. The Recommended Dietary Allowance group received a protein intake as recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board. The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) group received a protein intake as recommended by FAO. The children were followed very closely for the biochemical control of the disease. The children were also followed very closely to evaluate the adequacy of the protein intake using length, weight, routine hematology, chemical analysis, and x ray of the hand. The results indicated two groups of healthy children. However, a decline in length growth percentile was found in some of the FAO children. A possible osteoporosis developed in two of the FAO children. The possible conclusion that the FAO "safe level of intakes of egg or milk protein" is marginal is discussed. PMID- 6687780 TI - DiGeorge's syndrome in monozygotic twins. Treatment with calcitriol. AB - Monozygotic male twins with DiGeorge's syndrome had facial dysmorphism, cardiovascular abnormalities, hypocalcemia, and immunodeficiency; however, they showed differences in several aspects of this developmental complex. An early gestational insult, rather than a mutation, may be one cause of this heterogenous disorder. One twin had clinically appreciable hypoparathyroidism and had received calcitriol since early infancy. Despite close monitoring of therapy, he experienced two episodes of unexpected and prolonged hypercalcemia. Following the first episode, he was eucalcemic for nine weeks without therapy, attesting to the prolonged biological effects of calcitriol when used in the treatment of hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 6687777 TI - The effect of age and sex on the response of enteropancreatic polypeptides to oral glucose. AB - Enteropancreatic polypeptide responses during a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test were studied in 10 young men, 10 young women, 10 elderly men and 10 elderly women. Elderly females had higher gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) responses to oral glucose than elderly males. Elderly males and females had higher fasting and post-glucose human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) levels than young males and females. N-Glucagon-like immunoreactivity (N-GLI) responses differed between the young and elderly. In the young, N-GLI levels fell after oral glucose but in the elderly they rose. Post-glucose C-glucagon-like immunoreactivity (C-GLI) responses were higher in elderly females than in young females. The significance of the higher plasma levels of GIP, N-GLI and C-GLI following oral glucose in elderly females compared to elderly males is unclear. PMID- 6687779 TI - m-AMSA in epithelial carcinoma of the ovary. A Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - Twenty-three patients with advanced heavily pretreated epithelial carcinoma of the ovary were treated with m-AMSA. Eleven patients received a mean of 2.3 courses at a dose of 40 mg/m2 X 3 days q 21 days and 12 patients received a mean of 4.3 courses at a dose of 30 mg/m2 X 3 days q 21 days intravenously. One (5%) partial response in 22 fully evaluable patients was observed. Toxicity was mild and well tolerated. We conclude that m-AMSA is a relatively inactive drug in the treatment of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 6687781 TI - Malignant histiocytosis after lymphoblastic lymphoma. AB - Malignant histiocytosis developed in a 19-year-old boy 3 1/2 years after the initial diagnosis of lymphoblastic lymphoma of T-cell origin. The experience with this young adult suggests that a close surveillance of the survivors of lymphoma is mandatory, and a prompt biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes in patients treated for lymphoma should be a routine procedure. PMID- 6687782 TI - The use of azathiaprine and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) as immunosuppressive therapy in inflammatory bowel disease and its role in the etiology of lymphocytic lymphoma. PMID- 6687783 TI - The personal microcomputer: its operation and application in the laboratory. AB - Several laboratory vendors have begun marketing quality control programs for use on personal microcomputers. To appreciate fully its utility, the first-time microcomputer user must have a basic understanding of its operation, application and limitations. This article presents an introduction to microcomputer operation for the computer novice. Laboratory applications and criteria for selecting additional application programs are discussed. PMID- 6687784 TI - Penicillamine and retinopathy of prematurity. PMID- 6687786 TI - Fluid balance across the fetal alveolar epithelium. PMID- 6687788 TI - Cutaneous extravascular necrotizing granuloma and lymphocytic lymphoma. AB - A patient had clinical findings of asthma, peripheral eosinophilia, multisystem abnormalities, and cutaneous extravascular granulomas, consistent with a diagnosis of allergic granulomatosis. In addition, a well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma was diagnosed on the basis of bone marrow findings, and a monoclonal gammopathy was demonstrated by serum immunoelectrophoresis. Clinically, the skin lesions appeared as erythematous papules or nodules on the extremities, and some of them showed central ulceration. Histologically, there were dermal extravascular necrotizing granulomas embedded in a granulomatous and inflammatory cell infiltrate. These lesions bore a striking resemblance to those described by Churg and Strauss in patients with allergic granulomatosis, although tissue eosinophilia was significantly less prominent. PMID- 6687785 TI - Dust exposure challenge test as a measure of potential allergenicity and occupational disease risk in handling of Ispaghula products. AB - It is known that workers in the pharmaceutical industry, and nurses, can become sensitized and develop allergic respiratory symptoms by handling bulk laxatives containing Ispaghula powder. Fifteen individuals allergic to Ispaghula were challenged with a commercially available Ispaghula product and three other products manufactured in a way to make them less dusty. The results show that the use of products with smaller amounts of airborne particles results in a lower incidence of symptoms and thus probably reduces the potential occupational risk of sensitization to the Ispaghula allergen. PMID- 6687787 TI - [Arthroscopy of the knee in meniscal lesions]. PMID- 6687789 TI - Alzheimer's disease. The commonest form of amyloidosis. PMID- 6687790 TI - Menkes' syndrome with vascular and adrenergic nerve abnormalities. AB - Using the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method, we found a peculiar rosary type swelling of the adrenergic axons in the peripheral nerves, deficiency of the perivascular adrenergic plexuses in the visceral and cerebral arteries, and reduction of noradrenergic fluorescence in the tegmental and hypothalamic regions of a 3-year-old boy who had typical Menkes' syndrome (kinky hair syndrome). The nigrostriated neurons retained moderate intensity of fluorescence compared with those in postmortem (control) brains. Histologically, marked dilatation of the visceral, meningeal and cerebral arteries were noted. Copper deficiency, the cause of this disease, induces failure of central and peripheral noradrenergic neurons and leads to abnormal vasodilatation. PMID- 6687792 TI - Malignant nerve sheath tumor of acoustic nerve. AB - A malignant nerve sheath tumor of the acoustic nerve was found in a 54-year-old man whose right acoustic nerve signs had shown gradual worsening during the previous five years. No stigmata of von Recklinghausen's disease were noted. The tumor at autopsy extensively involved the brain stem, cerebellar hemisphere, tentorium of cerebellum, and cerebral occipitotemporal lobe on the right side. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by extreme hypercellularity, pleomorphism, and high mitotic activity. Ultrastructurally, there was an external lamina around the interdigitated cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Long-spacing collagens and junctional devices were also noted. This case is, to our knowledge, the first reported of a malignant nerve sheath tumor in the acoustic nerve. PMID- 6687793 TI - Intraoral malignant melanotic schwannoma. Ultrastructural evidence for melanogenesis by Schwann's cells. AB - Clinical and light and electron microscopic findings of one case of malignant melanotic schwannoma of the oral cavity are presented. The tumor recurred four times and developed submandibular metastasis. At autopsy, 24 months after manifestation of the initial symptoms, a hematogenous metastatic nodule was present in the liver. Peripheral melanotic schwannomas show a more malignant behavior than intraspinal examples. The Schwann's cell character of the individual tumor cells is demonstrated ultrastructurally by the presence of a prominent basal lamina, desmosomelike junctions between interdigitated elongated cell processes, and melanosomes in all stages of formation. These findings support the concept that neoplastic human Schwann's cells are capable of melanogenesis. PMID- 6687794 TI - Angiosarcoma of serous membranes. AB - Three angiosarcomas of serous membrane are described. One originated in peritoneum, one in pleura, and one in pericardium. The tumor arising in peritoneum was a cystic lymphangiosarcoma and may have been caused by previous therapeutic irradiation for carcinoma of the endometrium. This tumor invaded the peritoneal and right pleural cavities extensively and thus resembled diffuse mesothelioma in its behavior. The tumors arising in pleura and pericardium were hemangiosarcomas. PMID- 6687791 TI - Elevated level of serum creatine kinase MB fraction associated with a noninflammatory myopathy. Report of a case. AB - A 50-year-old man had progressive, noninflammatory myopathy associated with a persistently elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) level and CK MB fraction. Possible sources of this serum CK MB include cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, other organ sites, or occult malignant neoplasm. In our patient, lack of significant cardiovascular disease and absence of CK MB in skeletal muscle homogenate suggest another, undetermined source for serum CK MB. PMID- 6687795 TI - Incidence of perilobular hemangioma in the female breast. AB - The perilobular hemangioma is generally considered uncommon. We found a high incidence (11%) of this little-recognized benign mammary lesion during the course of a recently completed autopsy study designed to assess bilateral, four quadrant, and subareolar disease of the breast in 210 consecutive forensic post mortem examinations on female subjects between 15 and 97 years of age. Despite the lesion's name, its distribution was found to involve any of the stromal components of the breast. The unexpected frequency of the perilobular hemangioma within breasts in this study and the reported rarity of mammary angiosarcomas indicate that malignant transformation, if it occurs, must be rare. PMID- 6687796 TI - Urinary immune complexes in patients with glomerular diseases. Their possible diagnostic implications. AB - Urine specimens from 65 patients with glomerular disease and from 62 controls were tested for the presence of immune complexes by agarose gel zone electrophoresis. Urinary immune complexes (UICs) were found in 18% of patients, correlating with the simultaneous occurrence of serum immune complexes and depending differentially on the histologic form of glomerular disorder. The UICs were found preponderantly in patients with severe crescentic glomerulonephritis, who had "gaps" in the glomerular basement membrane; in patients with epimembranous electron-dense deposits; and in patients with membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis. The UICs were detected in no patients with focal glomerular sclerosis or mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and in only one of 23 patients with minimal-change disease. None of 62 controls had UICs. Passage of immune complexes through filtering structures of the kidneys may be a consequence of their focal or diffuse damage. Detection of UICs may provide a noninvasive means of assessing the extent of tissue injury in patients with glomerular disorders. PMID- 6687797 TI - The effects of hyperthermia on normal mesenchymal tissues. Application of a histologic grading system. AB - The alterations produced by radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia of 42 to 48 degrees C for 30 minutes were studied in the subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of swine. Acute lesions (18 to 24 hours) included edema, hemorrhage, necrosis (predominantly of myocytes) and granulocytic exudate in fat or muscle. The most important chronic lesion (28 to 31 days) was fibrosis replacing either tissue. There was a histiolymphocytic exudate with foreign-body giant cells around large lipid vacuoles. Muscle necrosis persisted and there was variable myocyte regeneration. Several specimens showed deep necrosis and abscesses. A grading system was developed to quantitate independently acute and chronic damage in each tissue. Acute lesions were usually less severe and extensive than chronic ones, without obvious dose response. Chronic lesions showed clearly a dose response, which began at 43 degrees C and increased with temperature. The latter appear to be reliable indicators of hyperthermic damage in deep soft tissues. PMID- 6687798 TI - Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the jejunum causing intussusception. PMID- 6687800 TI - Similarity of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. PMID- 6687801 TI - Monoclonal antibody with high affinity for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. AB - We have developed a monoclonal antibody capable of detecting 1 pg/ml of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. At a dilution of 1:80,000 of ascitic fluid this antibody has an apparent KD of 3.3 X 10(-11) ML-1. The immunogen used was a vitamin D analogue, calcitroic acid [1 alpha, 3 beta-dihydroxy-9, 10 seco-24-nor 5, 7, 10 (19) cholatriene-23-oic acid], conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Although this antibody is extremely sensitive, it also recognizes other important vitamin D3 metabolites. PMID- 6687799 TI - [Morphological changes in the adenohypophysis during the recovery period after single individually graded physical exercise]. AB - Morpho-functional changes occurring in the anterior principle part of the adenohypophysis have been studied light optically in dogs during the restorative period 1 day after the effect of single individually-dosed loadings of a moderate and great intensity. During one day the restoration of the gland is not completed. Certain structural signs that characterize the main regularities in the course of the restorative process have been revealed. Thus, an additional activation of the adenohypophysis during the restorative period makes it possible to suppose an oscillatory character of the restorative process, in particular- the supercompensation phase. Heterochronicity in restoration of some morpho functional parameters of the gland has been also determined. It has been stated that manifestation of restoration in the anterior principle part of the adenohypophysis depends on the dose of the physical loading: the greater the loading, the more active, economic and effective is the restoration. PMID- 6687803 TI - Characterization of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-5-hexanoic acid (CGS 13080) as a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor using in vitro and in vivo biochemical models. AB - CGS 13080 inhibited cell-free thromboxane synthetase with an IC50 of 3 nM. It was at least five orders of magnitude less potent toward other key enzymes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism. Submicromolar concentrations inhibited calcium ionophore-induced formation of thromboxane B2 by intact human platelets with concomitant accumulation of prostaglandin E2. Oral doses lower than 1 mg/kg in rats suppressed the elevations of plasma thromboxane B2 induced by calcium ionophore. This was attended by shunting of endoperoxide substrate to 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha and prostaglandin E2. CGS 13080 is one of the most potent and selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitors yet identified. PMID- 6687802 TI - Dermatan sulfate and heparin can be fractionated by affinity for heparin cofactor II. AB - Commercial preparations of dermatan sulfate and heparin were applied to a concanavalin A-agarose to which heparin cofactor II had been noncovalently bound. Small amounts of both mucopolysaccharides bound to the column with relatively high affinity. Heparin and dermatan sulfate which were eluted from the affinity column catalyzed the inhibition of thrombin by heparin cofactor II to a greater degree than did the respective unfractionated mucopolysaccharides. Dermatan sulfate did not catalyze thrombin inhibition by antithrombin III. The results suggest that heparin cofactor II differs from antithrombin III with respect to the mucopolysaccharide binding site. PMID- 6687804 TI - Natural killer cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Abnormal numbers and functional immaturity of HNK-1+ cells. AB - A monoclonal antibody, HNK-1, that detects a differentiation antigen on human granular lymphocytes with natural killer (NK) activity was used to enumerate this subpopulation in the peripheral blood of 14 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Nine patients had severely decreased numbers of HNK-1+ cells, 3 patients had elevated levels of HNK-1+ cells, and 2 patients had appropriate numbers of HNK-1+ cells compared with the levels in 112 normal controls. All SLE patients exhibited low NK killing ability against K562 target cells compared with controls. An increased proportion of the HNK-1+ cells was categorized as immature granular lymphocytes in over 50% of the SLE patients because their HNK-1+ cells coexpressed the OKT3 antigen and contained a paucity of cytoplasmic granules. The numbers of HNK-1+ cells or the HNK-1+ OKT3+ subgroup did not correlate with steroid therapy. This evidence suggests that levels of HNK 1+ lymphocytes are abnormal and functionally immature in most SLE patients. Longitudinal studies conducted over several months on a number of SLE patients demonstrated fluctuations in the ratio of mature and immature HNK-1+ cells and total HNK-1+ cells. Additional patients tested over longer periods of time will have to be studied to determine whether the proportion of mature NK cells (HNK-1+ OKT-) and immature NK cells (HNK-1+ OKT3+) will be useful in predicting the clinical course of disease. PMID- 6687805 TI - Single injection spinal anaesthesia with amethocaine and morphine for transurethral prostatectomy. AB - The intrathecal administration of amethocaine plus morphine as an anaesthetic technique for providing surgical anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia was evaluated in 24 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. The efficacy of the technique was compared with that observed following spinal anaesthesia with amethocaine alone. Twelve patients (group I) received spinal anaesthesia with amethocaine 12-14 mg and a further 12 patients (group II) received spinal anaesthesia with amethocaine 12-14 mg plus morphine 1 mg. In group II the addition of morphine 1 mg to the amethocaine produced excellent surgical anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia and these patients had significantly less postoperative pain than the patients who received amethocaine alone. There was a high frequency of side-effects associated with intrathecal morphine in group II, for example, subtle respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting and pruritus. PMID- 6687806 TI - Kinetics of transfer of gangliosides from their micelles to dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. AB - Two aspects of the kinetics of transfer of ganglioside from micelles to dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles have been examined: (i) The first aspect is the rate of transfer of ganglioside from micelles at very low ganglioside/phospholipid ratios. Under these conditions the rate of incorporation into vesicles is independent of the vesicle concentration, indicating that transfer occurs by diffusion of ganglioside molecules through the aqueous phase and not by collision of micelles and vesicles. The initial transfer of monosialoganglioside is slower (t 1/2 = 2 h) than that of trisialoganglioside (t 1/2 = 0.5 h). The rate of transfer decreases during the transfer process. This decrease in rate depends on the character of the micelles and not on the ganglioside content of acceptor vesicles. The initial rate of transfer decreases sharply with decreasing temperature. (ii) The second aspect is the rate of transfer of ganglioside from micelles to phospholipid vesicles at high ganglioside/phospholipid ratios. In the presence of excess ganglioside, the level of incorporation into vesicles saturates when the ganglioside content of the vesicles reaches 12-15 mol %. This saturation level is not markedly dependent on the number of sialic acid residues in the ganglioside. PMID- 6687808 TI - Dye permeability at phase transitions in single and binary component phospholipid bilayers. AB - By encapsulating a pH-sensitive dye, phenol red, in multilamellar liposomes of DMPC, DPPC and DMPC/DPPC mixtures, the permeability of these phospholipid bilayers to dye as a function of temperature has been studied. For both DMPC and DPPC liposomes, dye release begins well below the main gel-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition (24 degrees C and 42 degrees C, respectively) at temperatures corresponding to the onset of the pretransition (about 14 degrees C and 36 degrees C, respectively) with DPPC liposomes exhibiting a permeability anomaly at the main phase transition (42 degrees C). The perturbation occurring in the bilayer structure that allows the release of encapsulated phenol red (approx. 5 A diameter) is not sufficient to permit the release of encapsulated haemoglobin (approx. 20 A diameter, negatively charged). In liposomes composed of a range of DMPC/DPPC mixtures, dye release commences at the onset of the pretransition range (determined by optical absorbance measurements) and increases with increasing temperature until the first appearance of liquid crystalline phase after which no further dye release occurs. Interestingly, the dye retaining properties of DMPC and DPPC liposomes well below their respective pretransition temperature regions are very different: DMPC liposomes release much encapsulated dye at incubation temperatures of 5 degrees C whilst DPPC liposomes do not. PMID- 6687807 TI - Time-dependent lectin binding to isolated receptors in model membranes. AB - Binding of lectins to two integral membrane glycoproteins has been measured in lipid bilayer model membranes and in their cell of origin with an eye to clarifying the basis of time-dependence in such processes. Specific binding was monitored as a function of time using an assay that involved membrane exposure to radiolabelled wheat-germ agglutinin or concanavalin A, and subsequent differential centrifugation to remove unbound material. Qualitatively, the time dependence of lectin binding to the isolated receptors in lipid bilayers was found to be similar to that for the same receptors in the intact cell - hence the phenomenon does not depend for its existence upon receptor interaction with other specific native membrane components. Quantitatively, the time-course was sensitive to structural features of the model membrane involved. The results may be understood by viewing the glycopeptide headgroups as deformable structures which rearrange as a direct result of lectin attachment, and it would appear that rearrangement is essential for high-affinity binding. Model membrane structure was examined by light microscopy and freeze-etch electron microscopy in an attempt to assess the applicability of this type of study to a more detailed analysis of the processes involved in lectin binding. Although the freeze-etch technique is a promising one, it was concluded that heterogeneity in receptor arrangement within the lipid bilayer is the most important limitation to correlation of binding curves with membrane structure. PMID- 6687810 TI - Studies on the specificity toward aldehyde substrates and steady-state kinetics of xanthine oxidase. AB - The aldehyde specificity of xanthine oxidase (xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.3.2) has been reinvestigated. The biogenic aldehydes and succinate semialdehyde are reasonable substrates for xanthine oxidase. Pyrophosphate, which binds to xanthine oxidase, does not seem to affect significantly the enzyme's catalytic activity. The steady-state parameters for the oxidation of several substrates by xanthine oxidase and oxygen have been determined. Formaldehyde differs from xanthine and other aldehydes in phi 2, the parameter describing the reaction with oxygen. Substrate inhibition has been studied at high concentrations of xanthine with oxygen as the electron acceptor. The inhibition is hyperbolic and uncompetitive with respect to oxygen. This is possibly due to rate-limiting product release from molybdenum(IV) being slower than from molybdenum(VI). PMID- 6687809 TI - The properties of membranes formed from cyclopentanoid analogues of phosphatidylcholine. AB - We have examined the thermal characteristics and barrier properties of vesicles formed from six analogues of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). These analogues differ from DPPC in that the glycerol backbone has been replaced by each of the diastereoisomeric cyclopentane-1,2,3-triols. All of these compounds have main gel to liquid-crystal phase transition temperatures within 5 Kelvin of DPPC and four possess comparable enthalpies and entropies of transition. For two of the analogous, however, the values of the enthalpy and entropy of transition are more than double that of DPPC. The permeability characteristics and organization (as measured by diphenylhexatriene fluorescence depolarization) of vesicles formed from these two compounds suggest that their large transition enthalpy and entropy result from either a reorganization of the polar head group region during the transition or interdigitation of the acyl chains of opposing monolayers. PMID- 6687811 TI - Further studies on superoxide dismutase activities of macrocyclic polyamine complexes of copper(II). AB - The superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) activities of new series of macrocyclic complexes with copper(II) have been measured. Chemical modifications in macrocyclic ring size, donor atom, donor atom number, substituents on the macrocyclic skeletons, and length of bridges linking two macrocycles are shown to have profound effects on the superoxide dismutase activities of the metal complexes. The quantitative measurement by the standard xanthine-xanthine oxidase assay, which depends on the conversion of nitroblue tetrazolium to formazan, has been corroborated by a direct assay method using an oxygen electrode. PMID- 6687814 TI - Field desorption mass spectrometric characterization of thiol conjugates related to the oxidative metabolism of the anticancer drug 4'-(9-acridinylamino) methanesulfon-m-anisidide. PMID- 6687812 TI - Route of incorporation of alveolar palmitate and choline into surfactant phosphatidylcholine in rabbits. AB - Intratracheal injection of 3-day-old rabbits with radioactively labeled palmitic acid and choline results in an 8-10-fold increase in the efficiency of their incorporation into surfactant phosphatidylcholine when compared to the intravenous injection of these precursors. Based on labeling patterns in microsomal, lamellar body and alveolar wash fractions, the incorporation appears to be via normal surfactant synthetic pathways. Intratracheal injection of phospholipid precursors is useful for producing relatively high specific activity natural surfactant. PMID- 6687813 TI - Role of decidual luteotropin and prolactin in the control of luteal cell receptors of estradiol. AB - In pseudopregnant rats, the luteotropic effect of estradiol depends on the presence of prolactin or decidual luteotropin. To determine if prolactin and decidual luteotropin regulate the functions of estradiol by maintaining luteal cell availability of estradiol receptors, decidual tissue was induced on Day 5 of pseudopregnancy. Control rats were hysterectomized on the same day. On Day 8, the rats were injected with 0.4 mg of ergocryptine (ECO) to inhibit prolactin secretion. Control rats were administered the vehicle only. On Day 9, in ECO treated hysterectomized rats, serum progesterone declined from a control value of 50 +/- 7 to 7 +/- 2 ng/ml. In addition, luteal cell content of cytosolic and nuclear estradiol receptors was reduced by 95% and 48%, respectively. However, serum estradiol levels remained unchanged (vehicle treated: 23 +/- 7 pg/ml; ECO treated: 23 +/- 6 pg/ml). Administration of prolactin (250 micrograms/day, Days 7 9) to hysterectomized rats completely reversed the effect of ECO on serum progesterone levels and estradiol receptor content in both luteal compartments and had no effect on serum estradiol levels. In contrast, suppression of prolactin secretion in decidua-bearing rats had no effect on progesterone synthesis (vehicle treated: 54 +/- 6 ng/ml; ECO treated: 66 +/- 5 ng/ml) nor did it significantly decrease cytoplasmic and nuclear estradiol receptor content in luteal cells. These results suggest that 1) the availability of cytoplasmic receptors limits the biological responses of estradiol and 2) the synergistic luteotropic effect of prolactin or decidual luteotropin and estradiol involves the maintenance of luteal cell estradiol receptors by either prolactin or decidual luteotropin. PMID- 6687815 TI - [Immunocorrective action of tuftsin during exposure to ionizing radiation]. AB - The effect of the tetrapeptide tuftcin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) on the humoral immune response in CBA mice exposed to sublethal irradiation in a dose of 450 sGy was studied. The drug was injected intraperitoneally for 5 days before (series I) or after (series II) radiation exposure. It has been shown that taftcin has no protective action but decreases considerably the immune response lowering due to radiation. PMID- 6687816 TI - [Effect of tuftsin on enzyme activity in the energy metabolism of lymphocytes]. AB - The cytochemical technique was used to measure the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) of peripheral blood lymphocytes of mice and rats given intraperitoneal injections of an endogenous immunostimulant tuftcin (Tre-Lys-Pro Arg) in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg. A significant decrease of SDH activity was observed both in mice and rats 4 and 6 hours following injection, respectively. In mice, that activity returned to normal in 12, while in rats in 24 hours. An opposite action was produced by tuftcin on G-6-PDH, causing the maximum elevation of the enzyme activity in rat lymphocytes 6 hours after peptide administration. The decrease to the initial level was observed in 24 hours. Tuftcin did not affect the activity of LDH. The data obtained indicate that the immunological effect of tuftcin is coupled with the changes in the activity of Krebs cycle enzymes (SDH) and pentose phosphate cycle enzymes (G-6-PDH). PMID- 6687818 TI - Antinociceptive actions of morphine and buprenorphine given intrathecally in the conscious rat. AB - 1 The antinociceptive effects of morphine and buprenorphine given intrathecally and subcutaneously have been compared in the conscious rat. 2 In the paw pressure test, when given subcutaneously buprenorphine 0.001-0.1 mg/kg s.c., was approximately 100 times more potent than morphine 0.1-3 mg/kg s.c., but in the hot plate test, buprenorphine 0.03-3.0 mg/kg s.c., produced a bell-shaped dose response curve of low maximum effect and was about equipotent with morphine 0.03 3 mg/kg s.c. 3 When given intrathecally buprenorphine 10 micrograms and morphine, 10-60 micrograms, were approximately equipotent in both paw pressure and hot plate tests. Furthermore, morphine produced these effects at 1/25th of the minimum effective parenteral dose while the dose of buprenorphine exceeded the parenteral dose. 4 It is concluded that the predominant site of the analgesic action of buprenorphine is supraspinal. The significance of these findings in relation to the role of spinal opiate receptors is discussed. PMID- 6687817 TI - Arsenic distribution and neurochemical effects in peroral sodium arsenite exposure of rats. PMID- 6687819 TI - Effects of a pyridine derivative thromboxane synthetase inhibitor and its inactive isomer in endotoxic shock in the rat. AB - 1 We investigated the effects of a pyridine derivative thromboxane synthetase inhibitor and its inactive ortho isomer on arachidonic acid metabolism and pathophysiological sequelae of endotoxic shock. In vehicle-treated rats, 30 min after intravenous S. enteritidis endotoxin (15 mg/kg), plasma iTxB2 (the stable metabolite of thromboxane A2) increased from non-detectable levels (less than 100 pg/ml) to 763 +/- 250 pg/ml (n = 10). Plasma i6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, PGI2) increased to 1850 +/- 426 pg/ml, (n = 9) and plasma iPGE increased to 2350 = 560 (n = 5). Pretreatment with the pyridine active (PA) meta isomer (30 mg/kg i.p.) significantly (P less than 0.05) suppressed iTxB2 to 390 +/- 31 pg/ml (n = 10) although 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels (1294 +/- 358 pg/ml, n = 5) and plasma iPGE (2847 +/- 1103 pg/ml, n = 5) were not significantly different from the shocked control values. In contrast, pretreatment with, the pyridine inactive (PI) ortho isomer did not significantly affect endotoxin-induced iTxB2 (1431 +/- 194 pg/ml, n = 5) or i6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis (628 +/- 266 pg/ml, n = 5). 2 Pretreatment of rats with the Tx synthetase inhibitor, PA, significantly enhanced (P less than 0.05) survival and prevented splanchnic infarction relative to both endotoxin shocked control rats and those pretreated with the PI isomer. 3 Significantly reduced lysosomal labilization, hepatocellular dysfunction and elevations in serum fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products were seen only in groups pretreated with the PA isomer. 4 The beneficial effects of the latter compound in endotoxic shock thus appear to be due to inhibition of Tx synthesis, since its ortho isomer did not inhibit TxA2 synthesis nor did it protect against endotoxic shock. PMID- 6687820 TI - The use of Selectron afterloading equipment to simulate and extend the Manchester System for intracavitary therapy of the cervix uteri. AB - When Selectron afterloading machines were introduced in the Christie Hospital the first aim was to reproduce, as closely as possible, the isodose distributions achieved with the traditional Manchester Radium System. This resulted in the establishment of standard pellet loading patterns, and standard treatment times, for programming the Selectron channels. However, the availability of whole-body CT scanning facilities provides a method of accurately locating the source positions with respect to the local anatomy and hence the possibility of dosage control based on doses to specific pelvic structures. Various computer programs have been written to extract source position data from the CT images, to allow the operator to propose pellet loading patterns and treatment times, and ultimately to display the resultant isodose distribution superposed on the cross sectional scans. The effects on the dose distribution arising from changing the number of pellets, the pellet positions within the applicators, and the treatment times, are briefly discussed. PMID- 6687821 TI - Urethral syndrome in women attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. AB - Of 107 women investigated for frequency of micturition and dysuria, 21 had gonorrhoea, 14 chlamydial urethritis, eight an Escherichia coli urinary tract infection, 18 candidosis, 12 trichomoniasis, and four asymptomatic genital herpes. No organisms were isolated from 30 patients. Eighty nine women referred themselves and 18 were referred by the family practitioner. These findings suggest that Chlamydia trachomatis is frequently associated with the urethral syndrome among patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics. PMID- 6687823 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6687822 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases in northern Nigeria. Five years' experience in a university teaching hospital clinic. AB - Between 1977 and 1981, 3089 patients attended the sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic in Zaria, northern Nigeria. The male-to-female ratio of attenders was 6:1. Postpubertal gonorrhoea accounted for 28.1% of cases, non-specific genital infections for 22.4%, and syphilis for 1.2%. Illiteracy, polygamy, the purdah system, widespread prostitution, and inadequate facilities are factors aiding the spread of these diseases in northern Nigeria. PMID- 6687824 TI - Ontogeny of PHI in the rat brain. AB - The regional distribution of immunoreactive PHI (IR-PHI) was investigated in rat brain between postcoitum (pc) and day 60 postpartum (pp). IR-PHI was undetectable in all regions of the foetal brain, and only very small amounts were found at day 7 pp. However, there was a dramatic increase thereafter reaching a peak at day 20 pp (e.g. in the hippocampus there was a 12-fold increase in the PHI concentration). Highest concentrations were found in the cortex (40 +/- 5 pmol/g) and hippocampus (35 +/- 8 pmol/g), with lower concentrations in the diencephalon (11 +/- 4 pmol/g) and mesencephalon (10 +/- 3 pmol/g). The brainstem and cerebellum contained very low amounts of IR-PHI. Permeation analysis of brain extracts, on Sephadex G50-superfine, indicated the presence of one major form of IR-PHI which eluted in a similar position to pure intestinal porcine PHI and human intestinal PHI. PMID- 6687825 TI - Hyperalgesia produced by the intrathecal administration of tryptamine to rats. AB - Tryptamine was applied directly into the spinal subarachnoid space of rats via permanently indwelling cannulas. Changes in pain-perception were measured by changes in the latency of the tail-flick in response to a radiant heat source of low intensity. While an intrathecal injection of serotonin has been previously shown to be analgesic, exogenous tryptamine produced dual effects on the pain threshold, depending on the dose of tryptamine injected. Low doses of tryptamine (100 and 200 micrograms/rat) injected intrathecally onto the sacral area of the spinal cord appeared to be hyperalgesic by significantly decreasing the average tail-flick latency by 5 min after injection. Administration of the serotonin antagonist methysergide alone was without effect on the average tail-flick reaction time when injected either intrathecally or subcutaneously. However, pretreatment with either methysergide or cinanserin not only failed to inhibit tryptamine's potentiation of nociception, but actually enhanced the hyperalgesia produced by tryptamine. In contrast, a dose of 400 micrograms of tryptamine significantly increased the average tail-flick latency, suggesting an analgesic effect at this higher dose. This analgesic effect of 400 micrograms of tryptamine was completely inhibited by subcutaneously administered methysergide, while intrathecally injected methysergide produced even greater decreases in the tail flick latencies after this high dose of tryptamine. These results suggest that tryptamine, although it differs from serotonin by only one hydroxyl group, may play a role in nociception which is opposite that played by serotonin. PMID- 6687828 TI - Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, and basal bone resorption in the rat fetus. PMID- 6687829 TI - Surfactant suspension being tested in premature neonates. PMID- 6687827 TI - Autoradiographic localization of target cells for 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in bones from fetal rats. AB - Thaw-mount autoradiographic studies after injection of 3H-1,25-D3 were conducted on 18- and 20-day-old rat fetuses. In maxillary bones, ribs, and tibia, nuclear concentration of radioactivity was found in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts. Osteocytes and chondrocytes in epiphyseal plates were either unlabeled or weakly labeled. In competition experiments, nuclear concentration of radioactivity was blocked by the injection of a high dose of nonradioactive 1,25 D3 prior to the administration of the labeled hormone, but not by a similar dose of nonradioactive 25-D3. The results are interpreted as indicating that osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts are target cells for the direct action of 1,25-D3 on fetal bone. PMID- 6687826 TI - Comparison of fetal rat limb bones and neonatal mouse calvaria: effects of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - The relative responses of fetal rat limb bones and neonatal mouse calvaria to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) were examined in organ culture. Limb bones were cultured in dishes in BGJ + 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (bSA) or DMEM + 15% heat-inactivated horse serum (hS). Calvaria were either cultured in dishes with one of the above two media or in roller tubes in DMEM + hS. The order of sensitivity to PTH was: calvaria in roller tubes greater than limb bones in dishes in DMEM + hS greater than limb bones in dishes in BGJ + bSA greater than or equal to calvaria in dishes in DMEM + hS greater than calvaria in dishes in BGJ + bSA. The most sensitive system (i.e., calvaria in roller tubes) showed significant resorption in response to 10( 10)M PTH at 48 h. The least sensitive system did not respond to 3 X 10(-8)M PTH after the same length of time. The greater response in DMEM + hS compared with BGJ + bSA appeared to be due to the protein component of the medium. The order of sensitivity to 1,25(OH)2D3 was: calvaria in roller tubes = long bones in culture dishes in BGJ + bSA greater than long bones in culture dishes in DMEM + hS greater than calvaria in dishes in DMEM + hS greater than calvaria in dishes in BGJ + bSA. The most sensitive systems showed resorption in response to 10(-11)M 1,25(OH)2D3 by 72 h. The least sensitive system failed to respond to 10(-9)M 1,25(OH)2D3 after the same length of time. The nature of the protein constituent did not seem to influence the response of the limb bones to 1,25(OH)2D3. The results indicated that although the responses of the two bone systems to the calcemic hormones were qualitatively similar, media and culture conditions could markedly affect the sensitivity. PMID- 6687830 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases and the law. PMID- 6687831 TI - Diagnosis and management of Hodgkin's disease in the adult. AB - Appropriate management of Hodgkin's disease is based on both the stage of disease and the specific anatomic sites of involvement within each stage. As a result of the combination of sequential staging and effective treatment, histopathologic subclassification has become less important. Although not generally appreciated, this is also true for constitutional symptoms. During the past 15 years, differences in survival between early and advanced stages have diminished progressively with refinements both in management of newly diagnosed patients, and in management of relapsing disease. Currently, our five-year survival figure for laparotomy-Staged I and II patients is 95%. The corresponding result for Stages IIIA and IIIB patients is 85%; and 67% of our Stage IV patients, who were treated with mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) are projected to be surviving at five years. With the anticipation of a high probability for cure, quality of life including the possibility for parenthood has become increasingly important. In the past, the trend has been to increase treatment for patients with poor prognostic factors. However, very little attention has been paid to the possibility of administering less treatment for very precisely staged patients with good prognostic factors. In this review, management is discussed by stage. Emphasis is placed on the indications for less treatment as well as for more intensive therapy in adult patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6687832 TI - Effects of liposome dose and the presence of lymphosarcoma cells on blood clearance and tissue distribution of large unilamellar liposomes in mice. AB - Large unilamellar liposomes (50 to 500 mumol of lipid per kg) were injected i.v. or i.p. into normal and lymphosarcoma-bearing mice. The percentage of the dose remaining in the blood and that accumulated in liver, spleen, and various other organs was measured 4 hr after injection. The results indicate that liposomes cause a dose-dependent saturation of the hepatic and splenic clearance capacities. One day after injection of 10(6) lymphosarcoma cells, the capacity of the tumor-bearing mice to eliminate liposomes from the blood (in a 4-hr period) was inhibited 30 to 50%. This could be ascribed to a decreased activity of the reticuloendothelial system caused by the tumor cells, as was indicated by the simultaneous inhibition of carbon clearance. Six days after injection of the lymphosarcoma cells, the elimination of liposomes from the blood in tumor-bearing mice was restored to the value in normal mice. The possible involvement of tumor cells in the uptake of liposomes by the liver was investigated morphologically after i.v. injection of peroxidase-containing liposomes into lymphosarcoma bearing mice. Liposome-entrapped peroxidase activity was never observed in the tumor cells. The results presented here indicate that the lymphosarcoma cells do not directly participate in the hepatic accumulation of liposomes, although their mere presence may have significant indirect effects on the elimination of liposomes from the blood and on their tissue distribution. PMID- 6687833 TI - Identification and mutagenicity of metabolites of 1-nitropyrene formed by rat liver. AB - The metabolism of 1-nitropyrene by rat liver 9000 X g supernatant was investigated. Under aerobic conditions, ring oxidation to 1-nitropyren-3-ol, 1 nitropyren-6-ol, 1-nitropyren-8-ol, and 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-1-nitropyrene and nitroreduction to 1-aminopyrene were observed. Metabolites were identified by their ultraviolet, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra; by chemical transformations; and by comparison to reference standards. When incubations were carried out in an atmosphere of 4% O2 in N2, 1-aminopyrene was the major metabolite. The mutagenic activities of 1-nitropyren-3-ol, 1-nitropyren-6-ol, and 1-nitrosopyrene were assessed in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100. In strain TA 98, without activation, doses of 0.5 micrograms/plate or less of these three compounds were more mutagenic than was 1-nitropyrene; however, their activities decreased rapidly at higher doses. In the presence of rat liver 9000 X g supernatant, they were less mutagenic than was 1-nitropyrene at all doses tested. In S. typhimurium TA 100, without activation, 1-nitropyren-3-ol, 1 nitropyren-6-ol, and 1-nitrosopyrene were more mutagenic than was 1-nitropyrene at doses of 0.25 micrograms/plate or less, but their activities decreased at higher doses. In strain TA 100, with activation, only 1-nitropyren-6-ol was more mutagenic than was 1-nitropyrene. The results of this study indicate that both nitroreduction and ring oxidation may be involved in the mutagenic activity of 1 nitropyrene. PMID- 6687835 TI - CAP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) regimen in adrenal cortical carcinoma. AB - Eleven patients with advanced progressive metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma, for whom no further standard therapy was available, were entered into a phase II study of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CAP) combination chemotherapy. Two partial responses and six disease stabilizations were observed. Patients with partial responses survived 18+ and 23 months; the median survival of patients with disease stabilization was 10+ months. The total group had a median survival of 10+ months. These results, together with the modest toxicity, suggest that further study of the combination is warranted. PMID- 6687834 TI - Human pharmacokinetics of a new acridine derivative, 4'-(9 acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (NSC 249992). AB - The clinical pharmacology of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (amsacrine) was studied, utilizing [9-14C]amsacrine i.v. in 19 patients with disseminated neoplasms. The mean terminal plasma half-life for total 14C ranged from 34 hr in patients with normal organ function to 46 hr in patients with severe liver disease. For unchanged amsacrine, the mean values of plasma half life were 7.4 and 17.2 hr for patients with normal and abnormal liver function, respectively. The plasma half-lives of 14C were prolonged, while those for unchanged amsacrine appeared to be normal in patients with renal dysfunction. The mean 72-hr cumulative urinary excretion of total 14C varied from 35% in normal patients to 49% in patients with severe liver disease, while patients with renal disease excreted only 2 to 16%. In comparison, the urinary excretion of unchanged amsacrine was 12, 20 and 2% of the administered dose, respectively, in these same patients. Amsacrine biliary excretion studied in two patients showed about 8 and 36% of the administered radioactivity excreted in the bile in 72 hr, with less than 2% as unchanged amsacrine. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of amsacrine were below 2% of the simultaneous plasma levels in three patients. Impaired amsacrine drug clearance was frequently associated with liver dysfunction. Patients with impaired amsacrine drug clearance experienced the most severe clinical toxicity. Hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion appear the most important routes for amsacrine elimination. Renal elimination, although less important, is significant in patients with severe kidney dysfunction. To avoid excessive clinical toxicity, initial dose reductions of 30 to 40% are recommended for patients with severe liver or renal disease or for those who have pharmacologically documented impaired drug clearance. PMID- 6687836 TI - Phase II trial of amsacrine (AMSA) in urinary bladder cancer. PMID- 6687837 TI - Combined nonsimultaneous radiation therapy and chemotherapy with 5-FU, doxorubicin, and mitomycin for residual localized gastric adenocarcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group pilot study. PMID- 6687838 TI - Effects of amsacrine (m-AMSA), a new aminoacridine antitumor drug, on the rabbit heart. AB - There is emerging clinical evidence that amsacrine (m-AMSA) administration may be associated with cardiotoxic effects such as severe, even fatal, ventricular arrhythmias and impairment of the inotropic performance of the heart. Information on the cardiac effects of m-AMSA in animals is scanty. Studies on mice, dogs, and monkeys have not evidenced the cardiotoxicity of the compound. The data presented in this paper show that m-AMSA causes acute ECG alterations in normal rabbits and a dose-related negative inotropic effect on the isolated rabbit heart, suggesting that this species may be a useful model for the study of the cardiac actions of this antiblastic. PMID- 6687840 TI - Therapeutic rounds at the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. Case 18. PMID- 6687841 TI - The effect of corticosteroids upon the number and organ distribution of "background" immunoglobulin-secreting cells in mice. AB - The influence of the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DEXA) upon the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells was studied in not intentionally immunized BALB/c mice. This was done for IgM-, IgG-, and IgA secreting cells in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and bone marrow (BM). A single injection of DEXA (16 to 144 mg/kg body wt) markedly reduced the number of Ig-secreting cells in spleen and MLN within 1 day, but hardly affected their number in the BM. The decrease was immediately followed by a recovery and, at the highest doses and especially in MLN, by an overshoot. Two weeks after the initial decrease a second decrease was found. When mice were subjected to daily treatment with DEXA during 1 week, initially a recovery pattern was found in spleen and MLN similar to that found after a single injection of a high dose. In this case, however, the effects were less dose dependent, and the overshoot reaction was followed by a period of subnormal numbers of Ig-secreting cells which lasted at least 1 week. This late effect of DEXA not only occurred in spleen and MLN, but also in the BM. The most prominent effect of daily treatment with DEXA was the long-lasting decrease of the number of IgG-secreting cells starting 1 week after withdrawal of treatment. This decrease was associated with a severely decreased serum IgG level. PMID- 6687843 TI - [Mycoflora in dried milk from 1975 to 1980]. PMID- 6687842 TI - Phagocytosis of senescent erythrocytes by autologous monocytes: requirement of membrane-specific autologous IgG for immune elimination of aging red blood cells. AB - The role of membrane-bound IgG present on the membrane of senescent erythrocytes in immune eliminations of aging red cells was investigated. Phagocytosis of populations of red blood cells (RBC) of different ages by autologous monocytes was assessed both by direct phagocytosis and by induction of microsomal heme oxygenase. Removal of IgG from older RBCs inhibited their phagocytosis; in contrast, preincubation of neuraminidase-treated young or in vitro aged RBCs with IgG eluted from old cells led to phagocytosis of RBCs treated by autologous monocytes. It was also found that the Fc portion of membrane-bound IgG is essential for the elimination of senescent cells; less than 15% of old heat inactivated RBCs coated with F(ab)2 fragment of membrane-bound IgG were phagocytosed. In contrast, more than 50% of old heat-inactivated RBCs coated with heat-eluted IgG were phagocytosed by autologous monocytes. A possible mechanism of elimination of aged cells is discussed. PMID- 6687839 TI - Phase II study of amsacrine (m-AMSA) in advanced lymphomas: a Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - Amsacrine was administered to 73 evaluable patients with previously treated malignant lymphoma in the Southwest Oncology Group. The drug was administered iv every 3 weeks at a dose of either 90 mg/m2 to poor-risk patients (38 patients) or 120 mg/m2 to good-risk patients (35 patients) in 500 ml of 5% dextrose in water over 1 hour. The overall complete plus partial response rate is 16% (12 responses among 73 evaluable patients), with a response duration of 1-33 months. The dose limiting toxic effect was myelosuppression, with leukopenia in 29 patients and thrombocytopenia in 18 patients. Our experience in the Southwest Oncology Group demonstrates the activity of amsacrine in malignant lymphoma. PMID- 6687844 TI - Improved assay of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase in cultured cells and liver: application to glutaric aciduria type I. PMID- 6687845 TI - A test of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 secretory capacity in normal subjects for application in metabolic bone diseases. AB - The circulating concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] varies in man in response to a variety of physiological stimuli. In pathological states, random plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels reflect the sum of the underlying pathological process and the homeostatic corrections to those perturbations. Hence random 1,25 (OH)2D3 levels do not allow differentiation as to whether changes in 1,25-(OH)2D3 production or metabolism are primary or secondary to other changes. Similarly random levels do not provide much insight into the reserve of 1,25-(OH)2D3 secretory capacity. We have developed a single infusion of parathyroid extract (PTE) as a test of 1,25-(OH)2D3 secretory capacity. Normal responses in twelve males and six females consisted of an increase in plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels of 78% over basal in the male and 77% over basal in the female subjects. The peak response occurred 18-22 h after the PTE was administered. This test of 1,25 (OH)2D3 secretory capacity should prove useful in the evaluation of patients with metabolic bone disease. As part of this study, the diurnal plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 level was examined in six males and seven females. There was no significant diurnal rhythm between 8.00 and 22.00 h. PMID- 6687847 TI - Adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid administration in vivo do not affect production of 6-oxoprostaglandin F1 alpha by rat aortae. AB - 1. Rats were bilaterally adrenalectomized and treated for periods of up to 32 days with doses of dexamethasone equivalent to physiological and supraphysiological endogenous glucocorticoid secretion. Aortic production of 6 oxoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-oxo-PGF1 alpha) was measured by radioimmunoassay of the supernatant fluid from rings of aorta incubated in vitro. 2. Up to 32 days after adrenalectomy, neither adrenalectomy nor dexamethasone (2 micrograms/day and 20 micrograms/day) influenced aortic 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha production. 3. High doses of dexamethasone (60 micrograms/day for 6 days) in the presence or absence of mineralocorticoid (11-deoxycorticosterone, 600 micrograms/day) had no effect on aortic 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha production. 4. In contrast to the lack of effect of dexamethasone administered in vivo, incubation of aortic discs for 5 h with dexamethasone (1 mumol/l) in vitro caused inhibition of aortic 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha production to 23% of control levels. 5. Alteration in endogenous glucocorticoid secretion is unlikely to be involved in the physiological regulation of aortic 6 oxo-PGF1 alpha production. PMID- 6687846 TI - Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for Heymann's antigen as a contaminating minor component in nephritogenic glycopeptide, nephritogenoside. AB - An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was introduced for the detection of nephritogenic glycopeptide, nephritogenoside and Heymann's antigen. In the fraction of crude nephritogenoside which induced membranous glomerulonephritis (besides proliferative glomerulonephritis) in rats, both nephritogenoside and Heymann's antigen were detected by ELISA. On the other hand, in the sample of pure nephritogenoside which induced only proliferative glomerulonephritis, Heymann's antigen was not detected at all. These results indicate that crude nephritogenoside preparation contains Heymann's antigen as an inducing factor of membranous glomerulonephritis in homologous animals. In addition to TCA treatment or DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, gel filtration on Bio-Gel P200 was a good tool for the removal of Heymann's antigen from nephritogenoside. PMID- 6687849 TI - Management of sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6687848 TI - Effect of terbutaline on lung mechanics and morphology in the preterm rabbit neonate. AB - Lung morphology, surface properties of fetal pulmonary fluid, and lung mechanics during spontaneous breathing were studied in preterm newborn rabbits after antenatal administration of terbutaline (0.1 mg). The histological evaluation of lung sections revealed increased amounts of granular eosinophilic and sudanophilic material in the terminal airspaces. The amount of fetal pulmonary fluid was decreased in terbutaline-treated animals; the fetal pulmonary fluid also showed improved surface properties, evaluated by the pulsating bubble technique. Increased dynamic lung compliance without altered air-way resistance was found in terbutaline-treated animals during the first 30 min after onset of breathing. This report demonstrates that terbutaline has an initial beneficial influence on the preterm neonatal lung, probably due to release of preformed surfactant into the alveolar spaces and to dehydration of the lung. PMID- 6687850 TI - An on-line acquisition system for radiation therapy: external photon and electron beams. AB - An on-line data acquisition system for external beam treatment planning has been developed. The hardware consists of a Tektronix 4054 Computer, an SHM Nuclear 3-D scanning water phantom, interfaces for 16 channels of ADC and 32 channels of digital I/O, and two detector probes for measuring dose distribution and monitoring fluctuations in machine output. The program to control the movement of the scanning probe and to collect data is written in BASIC. Results of the measurements are plotted in real time on the Tektronix screen. The beam data format consists of a set of percentage depth doses along the central axis and five sets of off-axis ratios at five different depths. In the electron mode, when ionization chambers are used, data points are averages of two measurements, one with positive bias and the other with negative bias. The beam data are stored on disk which can be assessed by the Capintec treatment planning system. PMID- 6687851 TI - A computer program for comparing standardized mortality ratios among exposure groups. PMID- 6687852 TI - Individualized estimation of clearance following a loading dose and continuous intravenous infusion using a programmable calculator. PMID- 6687853 TI - Microcomputer based pharmacokinetic programs for calculating absorption rate. AB - A package of microcomputer based pharmacokinetic programs for evaluating in vivo absorption rate has been developed. The following programs are included in the package: TEXT FILE (program to create a data file which can be accessed by all pharmacokinetic programs), WN12GT (Wagner-Nelson method), LOO (modified Loo Riegelman method), DECON (deconvolution method), and MODMOMT (method of statistical moments). All programs were tested with data obtained from standard texts or original articles. This package of programs designed to be interactive, flexible, and easily used by a novice. The modular design facilitates modification, upkeep and accommodation of new methods of calculation. PMID- 6687859 TI - A computer program for compression of dynamic studies. PMID- 6687856 TI - Stability prediction using the Arrhenius model. PMID- 6687854 TI - NL-FIT: a microcomputer program for non-linear fitting. AB - A program for a microcomputer (HP 85) has been written using BASIC language. Given the analytical form of a model y: R leads to R the program computes the optimal parameters for non-linear least-squares fitting and gives information for its statistical evaluation. The program uses the Gauss-Newton algorithm with Marquardt's modification and other tricks. During the run a message is displayed if there is a high correlation between one or more couples of parameters to establish an interactive dialogue with the user on critical problems. The authors' aim was to make the program sufficiently quick and easy to use, efficient for a wide class of models and robust enough to deal with bad starting parameters. PMID- 6687855 TI - SPBS: programs for non-parametric tests. PMID- 6687858 TI - The evaluation of synthetic strategies for oligonucleotides of defined sequence. Computer programs in nucleic acid synthesis: I. AB - A computer program has been developed to aid in the evaluation of strategies for the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides of defined sequence. The program reduces the time required for the development of the most cost-effective strategy from several hours to a few minutes. The chemist supplies the program with the order of internucleotide bond formation, the final amount of material desired and the data giving anticipated reaction yields and molar ratios of reactants. The Mr and amount required for each intermediate in the proposed synthetic approach is then calculated. All of this data can be stored, edited or printed. By changing various input parameters (e.g., order of internucleotide bond formation, expected reaction yield), the chemist can utilize this program to analyze multiple synthetic approaches rapidly. The synthetic approach that will minimize the amounts of the expensive starting materials needed to complete the synthesis of the desired DNA can thus be quickly identified. PMID- 6687857 TI - A fast method for arranging DNA sequence fragments. AB - A method is described which allows efficient arrangement of DNA sequence fragments and, based on this arrangement, reconstruction of a complete DNA sequence. The concepts and algorithms used are based on the mathematical theory of graphs. The amount of human interaction required is considerably reduced compared to existing methods. An experiment with a set of 168 fragments yields a DNA sequence of about 5800 bases almost automatically. PMID- 6687860 TI - PRESC: an interactive program for radiation therapy prescriptions. AB - An interactive program for prescribing radiotherapy treatments has been developed with the aim of improving radiation dose accuracy by preventing mistakes in quantitative data handling and calculations. The program also aims to decrease the time required to prescribe treatments and check the calculations. The interactive dialogue closely follows present, manual methods of prescription. The program provides a comprehensive choice of treatment options which either individually or in combination cover all the treatments carried out on the Cobalt units for which the program was designed. Each of the treatment options has been highly optimized to reduce the amount of data entered and for ease of use. The program allows changes to the prescription at time of entry and during the treatment course. The treatment sheet and patient record resulting from the interactive dialogue are discussed and compared with the existing system. The modular program structure is described and some of the results from use of the program are discussed. Possible future improvements are outlined. PMID- 6687861 TI - Precordial electrocardiographic map using the IBM-Bonner program. AB - The precordial electrocardiographic map may be useful for non-invasive assessment of the extent of the acutely infarcted myocardium. Rapid and serial precordial electrocardiographic maps also may be useful to evaluate the effects of intervensions of drugs and efforts on the ischemic myocardium. In this study, the IBM-Bonner program was applied to produce a system for the precordial electrocardiographic map. Six electrodes at one intercostal space were moved in parallel from the second to the seventh intercostal space. Thus electrocardiograms (ECGs) could be recorded from 36 precordial sites, 6 x 6 matrix, and analyzed using the IBM-Bonner program. The measured values of the ECG waveform make feasible the automatic procurement of the precordial electrocardiographic map. Our mapping program can be used readily and anywhere the IBM-Bonner program is in use. PMID- 6687862 TI - How many intensive care beds are enough? AB - Rapid changes in technology have forced many hospitals to consider changes in the size of their ICUs. One method of predicting intensive care bed needs creates a mathematical model of the unit which simulates the unit's operation. This report describes a model that provided information to a physician group charge with deciding how many beds to include in a proposed expansion of one hospital's ICU. As the total number of beds in the simulated unit increased from 7 to 15, the model predicted a linear increase in the number of empty beds and a nonlinear decrease in the number of prematurely discharged patients. Based on the results, the group chose to leave the unit's size unchanged at 11 beds. The immediate result was to facilitate planning by providing quantitative estimates of the consequences of different choices. The long-term result was an ICU whose size accommodated patient needs despite changing demand for services. PMID- 6687863 TI - Emergency and infusion drip rate drug dosages using a programmable calculator. PMID- 6687864 TI - Drugs in the food supply. PMID- 6687865 TI - Food allergy. PMID- 6687866 TI - Molecular cloning of the rat metallothionein 1 (MT-1) mRNA sequence. AB - Starting with liver mRNA from cadmium chloride-treated rats, we constructed a cDNA library. A mouse metallothionein 1 (MT-1) cDNA restriction fragment (Durnam et al. 1980) was used as a hybridization probe to isolate from this library a cDNA (p2A10) which is a nearly complete copy of the rat MT-1 mRNA sequence. Southern analysis of rat DNA, using p2A10 as a probe, together with the screening of a rat genomic library, reveal that the rat MT-1 gene belongs to a family of related sequences. The rat MT-1 gene is inducible both by glucocorticoids and by metals. PMID- 6687867 TI - Apple II computer software for DNA and protein sequence data. AB - In our attempt to make the aid of a computer for the molecular biology laboratory available on a low-cost basis, we have improved the programs that we published recently. We have experienced in our laboratory, and have learned from others, that the average lab has an increasing demand to use a time-sharing-independent computer for the bulk of data handling. A microcomputer can give this independence. At the same time, a microcomputer can serve as a terminal for the few computer jobs, such as data communication or extensive search programs, which have to be conducted on a time-sharing basis. In this paper, we describe the programs which can be executed on a Apple II microcomputer using the Apple Language System. This system gives the researcher the opportunity to learn to handle sequence data, and it also includes a word processing system useful in writing letters and manuscripts and storing text. PMID- 6687868 TI - VAC (vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy for metastatic carcinoma from an unknown primary site. AB - Twenty patients presenting with metastatic carcinoma from an unknown primary site were studied. All patients were treated with a triple chemotherapy regimen of vincristine, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide repeated at three-week intervals. The response rate was 50%, and the four patients achieving complete response are alive and disease-free at 13, 16, 36 and 39 months. Toxicity was minimal and the majority of patients' performance status improved with the chemotherapy. VAC chemotherapy is indicated for patients with metastases, particularly of soft tissues originating from a carcinoma from an unknown primary site. PMID- 6687869 TI - Strongyloides ratti: the role of enteral antigenic stimuli by adult worms in the generation of protective immunity in rats. AB - Immunogenicity of adult Strongyloides ratti was studied in rats. Immunization of rats by intraduodenal implantation of adult worms could completely inhibit the egg production and hasten the expulsion of challenged worms which were developed from subcutaneously inoculated L3 or were implanted intraduodenally as adults. Enteral immunization by intraduodenal implantation of adult worms was, however, not able to affect the esophageal larval output of the challenge infection with L3. In contrast to enteral immunization with adult worms, immunization by full sequence of a primary infection or by a combination of drug-abbreviated infection and adult worm implantation could suppress the esophageal larval output of the challenge infection. The relationship between the host defense mechanism and the life cycle of S. ratti is discussed. PMID- 6687870 TI - Assessment of the scavenging action of reduced glutathione, (+)-cyanidanol-3 and ethanol by the chemiluminescent response of the xanthine oxidase reaction. AB - The free radical scavenging capacity of reduced glutathione (GSH), (+)-cyanidanol 3 and ethanol was assessed by their interference with the maximal chemiluminescent response produced by the xanthine oxidase reaction. GSH and (+) cyanidanol-3 induce a progressive inhibition of chemiluminescence when increasing amounts are added to the reaction mixture. GSH and (+)-cyanidanol-3 added together at low concentrations (1 and 0.05 mM respectively) exhibit an additive effect. The addition of ethanol presents a biphasic effect. It inhibits chemiluminescence at low concentrations (10-50 mM) while at higher concentrations (75-500 mM) this effect is reversed. Estimation of the concentrations required to produce half of the maximal inhibition of chemiluminescence by these agents revealed that ethanol is less effective than GSH and (+)-cyanidanol-3 as a free radical scavenger in the system used. PMID- 6687872 TI - Immunological identification and determination of xanthine oxidase in cells and tissues. PMID- 6687873 TI - Inhibition of interdigestive contractile activity in the stomach by peptide YY in Heidenhain pouch dogs. AB - The inhibitory effect of peptide YY on contractile activity in the innervated main stomach and the vagally denervated fundic pouch in conscious Heidenhain pouch dogs was investigated. Peptide YY was given in i.v. bolus injections of doses between 12.5 and 100 pmol/kg body wt. During the digestive state, 2-3 h after feeding, peptide YY was found to have no effect on contractile activity in either the innervated or the vagally denervated stomach. In the interdigestive state, it was found that peptide YY inhibited the interdigestive migrating contractions in the innervated main stomach dose-dependently for 1.2 +/- 0.1 to 5.8 +/- 0.3 min, but did not affect pouch contractions at all. This peptide, however, did not influence the cycle of the interdigestive migrating contractions. Pentagastrin, on the other hand, suppressed the interdigestive migrating contractions in the innervated main stomach when the bolus doses were greater than 300 pmol/kg body wt, but did not inhibit pouch contractions completely with this dose. Atropine (0.05 mg/kg body wt) suppressed contractions in both the main stomach and the vagally denervated pouch. Peptide YY inhibits the interdigestive migrating contractions in the stomach through the extrinsic nerves. PMID- 6687871 TI - [Mechanism of the microcirculatory effects of ethyl-3,5,6-tri-O-benzyl-D glucofuranoside]. AB - According to the rheo- and photoplethysmography data, ethyl-3,5,6-tri-O-benzyl-D glucofuranoside (glivenol, tribenol; 25,250 and 4000 mg/kg i.p.) markedly increases the blood content in hind limbs of rabbits, displaying a tendency towards a decrease in systemic arterial pressure and negligibly raises the body temperature when given in maximal doses, without affecting cardiac activity and respiration. The mechanism of the drug hemodynamic effect revealed is determined by activation of the blood flow in precapillary vessels. This plays an essential role in pathogenetic therapy of microcirculatory and trophic disorders in chronic venous failure. PMID- 6687875 TI - [Results of the polychemotherapy of different variants of lymphosarcomas based on the World Health Organization classification]. PMID- 6687874 TI - [Treatment of lymphosarcoma patients with a primary lesion of the pharyngeal ring]. PMID- 6687876 TI - [Experimental studies on gastric ulcer (5). Endoscopical evaluation of healing processes of acetic acid ulcer in rats (1). Ulcer reducing process]. AB - The following results were obtained as the result of the sequential observations with an endoscope of the gastric ulcer produced by submucosal injection of acetic acid in rats. 1) The size of the ulcer produced by acetic acid injection observed on the 3rd day after ulcer induction depended on the concentration and volume of acetic acid. 2) The natural reducing rates of the size of ulcers in the region between the fundus and pylorus on the anterior wall (A) and in the glandular region on the greater curvature (B) were compared. The reducing rate of B ulcer was significantly faster than that of A ulcer. 3) No significant difference was observed in the reducing processes of untreated ulcers in 7 weeks old rats and 25 weeks old rats. 4) The ulcer reducing rate of female rats was found to be slightly faster than that of male rats. 5) The ulcer reducing rates of the aldioxa (ALD) and sucralfate (SUC) treated group were significantly faster than that of the control group. However, no difference in the ulcer reducing process between the cimetidine (CIM) treated group and the control group was observed. 6) The ulcer indices (UI) of both the combinations of ALD and SUC and of ALD and CIM were found to be significantly less than that of the control group on the 20th day. Treatment with drug combinations shortened the healing period of ulcers more than treatment with one drug alone. The percent healing by the combination of ALD and SUC was the highest among the groups treated. 7) An approximately linear relationship exists between the logarithm of the days after ulcer induction (x) and logarithm of UI (y), and the following equation was obtained: log y = a log x + b. Slope (a) indicates the ulcer reducing rate in evaluating the ulcer reducing process. PMID- 6687877 TI - Macrophage-like cells as research tools in transfer experiments. AB - Transfer experiments with macrophages are only possible to a limited extent in mice as this kind of experiment usually requires large numbers of macrophages. The usual source of macrophages is the peritoneal cavity, which yields on the average only 2-20 x 10(6) macrophages per mouse. Instead, we now use for transfer experiments macrophage-like cells, such as the macrophage tumors WEHI-3, J774A and P388D1. To prevent replication after transfer, the cells can be treated with mitomycin-C. Our data illustrate that these macrophage-like cells can co-operate with sensitized lymphocytes in the eradication of lymphosarcoma cells in a fashion similar to macrophages (1). The vast amount of available data on properties of these cells (2) will allow to correlate their macrophage properties with in-vivo function. PMID- 6687878 TI - Influence of lectins, hexoses, and neuraminidase on the association of purified elementary bodies of Chlamydia trachomatis UW-31 with HeLa cells. AB - Using highly purified elementary bodies of Chlamydia trachomatis UW-31 (serotype K), we found that HeLa 229 monolayer cultures bound more 32P-labeled chlamydiae after pretreatment with the lectin wheat germ agglutinin. The lectin, on the other hand, inhibited competitively when chlamydial association was assayed in the presence of polycations. The two effects of wheat germ agglutinin were abolished when N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc)- or N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) preincubated wheat germ agglutinin was used. Brief exposure of HeLa cells to neuraminidase abolished the ability to bind the elementary bodies, whether or not polycations were present. Furthermore, at 5 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C, NeuNAc, GlcNAc and N-acetylgalactosamine inhibited chlamydial association only in the absence of the polycation DEAE-dextran. The results suggest that NeuNAc residues on the plasma membrane are the principal, but not the only, receptors for this strain of C. trachomatis. PMID- 6687879 TI - Management of postoperative pain. PMID- 6687880 TI - Gays and the stigma of bad blood. PMID- 6687882 TI - A programmable electrical stimulator suitable for control of respiration studies. PMID- 6687883 TI - Role of lymphatics in removal of sheep lung surfactant lipid. AB - To study the role of lung lymphatics in the removal of surfactant lipid from the sheep lung, we injected [1-14C]palmitate intravenously into six animals previously fitted with a cannula draining the caudal mediastinal lymph node. Lung lymph was collected for 100 h after injection of radiolabel. We obtained alveolar lavage material through a tracheostomy in four other animals after intravenous injection of [9,10-3H]palmitate. We measured radioactivity at several time points in lipid extracts from lymph, lavage fluid, and lung tissue. Alveolar lavage disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) specific activity peaked at about 40 h and was reduced to 30% of this value by 82 h. About 2% of the injected radiolabel was incorporated into lung tissue lipids. Only 4% of the level of labeling achieved in lung tissue lipids was found in lung lymph lipid during 100 h of lymph collection. Sixty-three percent of radiolabel in lymph lipid was recovered in phospholipids, and 29% of phospholipid radiolabel was found in DSPC. The distribution of phosphorus and palmitate radiolabel in lung lymph phospholipid did not closely resemble that of surfactant lipid. No rise in lung lymph DSPC specific activity was observed following the peak in lavage specific activity. If surfactant lipid is removed from the alveolar compartment without extensive recycling, then we conclude that the lung lymphatics do not play a major role in the clearance of surfactant lipid from the alveolar surface. PMID- 6687885 TI - A microcomputer-based information storage and retrieval system for the maintenance of records for a culture collection. AB - A microcomputer-based system for the storage and retrieval of information on strains in a culture collection is described. The system was designed around commercially available software packages written for microcomputers. Two additional programs were written using the BASIC language to allow a catalogue of the culture collection to be printed in a specific format. The details of each strain in the collection were stored on a floppy disc. Details of new strains were added to this database and information relating to existing cultures was modified or, where necessary, deleted from the collection. The database can be searched to supply details of a particular culture or to identify those cultures which possess certain attributes. The records for the whole collection were sorted alphabetically by species name, and numerically by accession number, and a word-processing package was used to print a catalogue of the culture collection. PMID- 6687884 TI - Basidalin, a new antibiotic from basidiomycetes. PMID- 6687881 TI - Surfactant dysfunction in diabetic offspring: inhibitors and fatty acid lecithin content. AB - We have previously demonstrated that the lungs of fetuses of alloxan-diabetic rabbits are functionally immature when compared with controls. In this study we have examined pulmonary lavage fluid from fetuses of diabetic and control does for the presence of a surfactant inhibitor, cholesterol content, and phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) fatty acid content. When lavage fluids from fetuses of control and diabetic does were mixed and examined on the surface balance, the measured surfactant content corresponded to the arithmetic average of the surfactant content of the individual fluids, thus ruling out the presence of an excess of a surfactant inhibitor. We were able to demonstrate inhibition of surfactant function when exogenous cholesterol was added to lavage samples, but cholesterol content of lavage fluid from fetuses of diabetic and control does was not significantly different. Finally, the fatty acid composition of surfactant phosphatidylcholine was not different between the two groups. These studies indicate that mechanisms other than the presence of a surfactant inhibitor or altered fatty acid composition must explain the functional immaturity seen in offspring of the diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 6687886 TI - Neutralization of the activity of eight disinfectants by organic matter. AB - The effect of organic matter on the activity of eight disinfectants was evaluated. Three types of interfering substrates (whole milk powder, dried beef blood and fish meal) were tested according to the method of Whitmore and Miner adapted to the AOAC use-dilution method. Glutaraldehyde and to a certain extent, chlorhexidine acetate and the amphoteric surfactant kept their disinfecting activity after contact with high concentrations of organic matter. The quaternary ammonium compound as well as the quaternary ammonium-glutaraldehyde complex were more readily neutralized whereas anionic acid, iodophor and sodium hypochlorite did not tolerate the presence of organic matter. The neutralizing activity of powders was correlated to their solubility and composition. PMID- 6687888 TI - Activation of heparin cofactor II by dermatan sulfate. AB - We have tested the ability of various glycosaminoglycans to increase the rate of inhibition of thrombin by heparin cofactor II (HCII) and by antithrombin III (ATIII) isolated from human plasma. Heparin, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate from bovine liver (in order of decreasing activity) activated HCII. In contrast, only heparin and bovine liver heparan sulfate activated ATIII, whereas dermatan sulfate was inactive at concentrations less than or equal to 1 mg/ml. Heparan sulfate from human aorta, chondroitin 4-sulfate, chondroitin 6-sulfate, keratan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid had little or no activity with either HCII or ATIII. The second order rate constant for the thrombin-HCII reaction reached a maximum value of 6.4 X 10(8) M-1 min-1 in the presence of 250-500 micrograms/ml of dermatan sulfate compared to 3.8 X 10(8) M-1 min-1 in the presence of 40-80 micrograms/ml of heparin. When 125I-thrombin was incubated with plasma in the presence of greater than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml of dermatan sulfate, the protease became complexed exclusively with HCII, suggesting that HCII is the only thrombin inhibitor in human plasma that can be activated by dermatan sulfate. PMID- 6687887 TI - The interaction of dialkyl ether lecithins with phospholipase A2 (Naja naja naja). AB - Dialkyl lecithins are nonhydrolyzable substrate analogues for phospholipase A2 (Naja naja naja). Short chain dialkyl lecithins (which form monomers and micelles), and long chain ether-linked lecithins (which form bilayers or can be solubilized in detergent micelles) have been used to study phospholipase A2/phospholipid interactions. The results of gel filtration, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy, kinetic assays and UV difference spectroscopy show that binding of the ether-linked lecithins is independent of metal ion in pure lecithin systems (monomer, micelle, or bilayer), but requires Ca2+ for tight binding when Triton X 100 is used to solubilize the lecithin in mixed micelles. The apparent KD for dihexadecyl phosphatidylcholine is 2 mM in sonicated vesicles, but is increased to 6 mM in Triton-mixed micelles in the presence of Ca2+. When phospholipase A2 binds monomeric and micellar dialkyl lecithin, the lecithin phosphate resonance is broadened considerably, indicating that head group motion is restricted. Ca2+ enhances this interaction with the head group in these pure lipid systems. In similar 31P NMR experiments with dihexadecyl phosphatidylcholine solubilized in Triton X-100 mixed micelles, phospholipase A2 does not cause comparable broadening of the phosphate resonance, even in the presence of Ca2+ where gel filtration shows binding occurs. The kinetic effect of the ether-linked lipid inhibitors on phospholipase activity toward ester-linked lecithins is also modulated by the presence of Triton X-100. Ether-linked lecithins are much more potent inhibitors in two-component (dialkyl- diacyl-) lecithin micelles and bilayers than in complex mixed micelles with Triton X-100. Detergent-induced changes in the characteristics of the micellar interface are implicated in this inhibition phenomenon. The interaction of phospholipase A2 with sonicated vesicles of dihexadecyl phosphatidylcholine has also been examined by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. When phospholipase A2 binds to vesicles, it promotes loss of encapsulated lanthanide ions, and appears to accelerate transbilayer phospholipid "flip-flop" rates. These results are discussed in terms of membrane asymmetry studies using phospholipase A2. PMID- 6687889 TI - Correlation between nuclear glucocorticoid receptor levels and casein gene expression in murine mammary gland in vitro. AB - The relationship between nuclear binding of glucocorticoid-receptor complex and casein gene expression was studied in organ culture of the whole mammary gland of the mouse. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was used as a modulatory agent for measuring nuclear binding of the receptor complex. Addition of 2 mM and 5mM pyridoxal-5'-P in the medium (Waymouth's MB752/1) resulted in 4- and 12-fold increase of its concentration in the glands incubated with insulin, prolactin, and hydrocortisone. Pyridoxal-5'-P also caused a 52% and 92% inhibition of nuclear binding of [3H]dexamethasone in the glands at 2 mM and 5 mM concentration in the presence of the same hormones in the medium. Corresponding to the reduced nuclear binding of the receptor complex casein mRNA levels, measured by a specific cDNA probe was reduced 86% and over 90% in the glands exposed to 2 mM and 5 mM pyridoxal-5'-P, respectively, in presence of insulin, prolactin, and hydrocortisone in the medium. Withdrawal of pyridoxal-5'-P from the medium restored nuclear binding of the receptor complex near the level of control glands incubated only with the hormones. mRNA casein levels also increased in the gland in the pyridoxal-5'-P-free medium containing the same hormones. This indicates that pyridoxal-5'-P does not alter the specific hormone responsiveness of the mammary cells and its action mediated at the level of the glucocorticoid receptor can influence hormone-inducible expression of the casein genes. Thus, glucocorticoid plays a major role in the multiple hormone regulation of the milk protein gene(s). The findings also suggest that the breast tissue concentration of the vitamin B6 derivative may influence the physiology of lactation in nursing mothers. PMID- 6687890 TI - The kinetics and cofactor dependence of the two cleavages involved in prothrombin activation. PMID- 6687891 TI - The effects of thyroparathyroidectomy and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on changes in the activities of some cytoplasmic and nuclear protein kinases during liver regeneration. AB - Partial hepatectomy (HPX), which proliferatively activates the remaining liver cells, triggered two transient prereplicative surges in the total activities of cytoplasmic types I and II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase holoenzymes, and of nuclear catalytic subunits from cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases. It also induced a transient prereplicative increase in the activities of a nuclear Ca2+ calmodulin-stimulable, protamine-phosphorylating protein kinase, and a nuclear poly(L-lysine)-phosphorylating, 105 kDa protein kinase. Thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) delayed and reduced the first surge and completely eliminated the second surge of both of the cytoplasmic cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases, reduced the rises in the activity of nuclear catalytic subunits, and completely eliminated the surge of the Ca2+-calmodulin-stimulable protein kinase, but did not affect the surge of the nuclear 105 kDa protein kinase. The impairment of the responses of the two cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases to HPX in TPTX rats was not accompanied by a rise in the level of heat-stable inhibitor of cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase activity. One intraperitoneal injection of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D1 into TPTX rats immediately after HPX completely restored the post-HPX surges in the activity of type I cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but the hormone, even in high doses, had little or not effect on the type II isoenzyme or the nuclear Ca2+-calmodulin-stimulable, protamine-phosphorylating enzyme. PMID- 6687892 TI - Intrathyroidal concentrations of methimazole in patients with Graves' disease. AB - A sensitive gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method enabled us to study intrathyroidal concentrations of methimazole in 20 euthyroid patients with Graves' disease on treatment with carbimazole and T4. There was no difference between patients receiving a final dose of carbimazole (10 mg), known to be totally bioactivated to methimazole (6.1 mg), 3-6 h before thyroid excision (518 ng/g thyroid tissue +/- 90 SEM) and patients who received the same dose 17-20 h before excision (727 ng/g thyroid tissue +/- 157 SEM), indicating a slow intrathyroidal turnover of the drug. On the other hand, the serum concentrations were much higher in the first group (102 ng/ml +/- 5 SEM vs. 16 ng/ml +/- 3 SEM), reflecting a short plasma half-life of the drug. The intrathyroidal concentrations of methimazole ranged from 230-1895 ng/g among individual glands but were similar in pieces from different parts of a single gland. These methimazole concentrations are lower than the concentrations reported by others to have an immunosuppressive action on lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 6687893 TI - Intensity discrimination with cochlear implants. AB - Intensity difference limens were measured for various frequencies and intensities of sinusoidal and pulsatile electrical stimulation in monkeys with electrodes implanted in the scala tympani, scala vestibuli, modiolus, or middle ear. Difference limens decreased, as a function of initial stimulus intensity, from values of 1.5-3 dB near threshold to as low as 0.5 dB near the upper limit of the dynamic range. If sensation level was held constant, difference limens decreased as a function of frequency up to about 500 Hz, and then remained constant. They were similar across a variety of electrode placements and separations if differences in threshold and dynamic range were taken into account. However, difference limens measured in severely damaged ears were slightly smaller than those in moderately damaged ears. The near miss to Weber's law, characteristic of acoustic difference limens, was not seen with electrical stimuli. Differences limens for electrical stimuli were roughly one-half those for acoustic stimuli; thus, part of the deficit in dynamic range for electrical stimulation compared with acoustic stimulation is countered by the smaller intensity differences limens for electrical stimuli. PMID- 6687894 TI - Immunohistologic and immunoelectron microscopic characterization of the mucosal lymphocytes of human small intestine by the use of monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies reactive with T cells, T cell subsets, B cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells were used to characterize the nature of mucosal lymphocytes in the human small intestine by application of the immunoperoxidase technique to tissue sections for light and electron microscopic examination. In addition, for comparison, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBL) were studied by immunoelectron microscopy. Most of the intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were T cells (Leu-1+, T3+) and expressed the phenotype associated with cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (Leu-2a+, T8+). In contrast, a majority of T lymphocytes in the lamina propria expressed the phenotype associated with helper/inducer T cells (Leu-3a+, T4+). These observations confirm and extend the findings previously reported. In addition, a small number of cells in the lamina propria with the ultrastructural features of macrophages were found to react with anti-Leu-3a and anti-T4 antibodies. Although many IEL contained cytoplasmic granules and had ultrastructural features similar to those of circulating granular lymphocytes, none of these cells reacted with anti-Leu-7 (HNK-1), anti T10, or anti-M1 antibodies. This suggests that IEL may not be related to circulating large granular lymphocytes, which are Leu-7+, T10+, M1+ and are associated with natural killer activity. Not only Leu-7+ PBL, but T8+, T4+, or T3+ mucosal lymphocytes or PBL also may contain cytoplasmic granules. Therefore, the cytoplasmic granules are not restricted to one cell type, in particular, to Leu-7+ cells. PMID- 6687895 TI - Source of infection due to hepatitis B virus in Greece. AB - The possible source of infection due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) was investigated in 260 hospitalized adult patients with acute infections. Blood transfusions (30 patients, 11.5%), illicit drug use (16 patients, 6.2%), homosexuality (five patients, 1.9%), and possible iatrogenic transmission (77 patients, 29.6%) accounted for less than 50% of the cases of hepatitis. Thirty (29.4%) of 102 sexual partners were the most probable source of infection of the patients; three (2.9%) had a history of acute HBV infection two to six months before their partners were admitted to the hospital, and the remaining 27 (26.5%) were characterized as asymptomatic, chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The HBsAg carrier rate was higher in men (47.5%) than women (12.9%) and in unmarried (31.6%) than married (25.3%) sexual partners. Hepatitis B e antigen and abnormal serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels were detected more frequently in sexual partners who were HBsAg carriers (29.6% and 48.1%, respectively) than in comparable control partners (2.6% and 5.4%, respectively). PMID- 6687896 TI - Glutathione reductase deficiency and platelet dysfunction induced by 1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. AB - Human platelets exposed in vitro to increasing amounts of BCNU rapidly develop a progressive, relatively selective, and almost complete deficiency of GSSG-R activity. Several other enzymes are not inhibited when intact platelets are exposed to the nitrosourea; lipoamide dehydrogenase was investigated because of the remarkable similarity of the structure of its active site with that of GSSG R. BCNU inhibits lipoamide dehydrogenase and GSSG-R only when they are in the reduced state; in the intact platelet, lipoamide dehydrogenase (unlike GSSG-R) is oxidized and is therefore unaffected. This is the first documentation of lipoamide dehydrogenase activity in platelets. After BCNU exposure, there is a reduced release of 14C-serotonin in response to collagen; the cells become incapable of aggregating in response to even large doses of epinephrine, ADP, collagen, or arachidonic acid, with loss of both primary and secondary waves of aggregation. At higher doses of BCNU, there is also a diminished PF-3 activity of intact platelets; sonication of drug-treated platelets normalizes coagulant activity. The drug-induced functional abnormalities occur despite preservation of the number of platelets, their electron microscopic appearance, and their capacity to take up 14C-serotonin. BCNU induced GSSG-R deficiency precedes the development of the earliest evidence of platelet dysfunction, and almost all of the enzyme's activity must be abolished before any functional abnormality becomes detectable. A small fraction of GSSG-R activity is essential for platelet function, and BCNU provides a powerful new tool to investigate the role of the enzymatic reduction of glutathione in platelet physiology and pathology. PMID- 6687897 TI - The influence of editing on the performance of a computer program for serial comparison of electrocardiograms. AB - In this study, three tests of computer ECG analysis function were conducted: 1) interpretation of serial tracings using the single record analysis program, i.e. without serial comparisons; 2) interpretation of the same tracings using a computer-comparison program; and 3) interpretation of these tracings using not only a computer-comparison program but also an editing program which allows amending of each serial record and insertion of any corrections into the computer data base before the next comparison. There was an over-all reduction of 84% in the number of statement changes needed to produce a correct final report by using the combined comparison and editing program. When this combined program was used, 81% of all computer interpretations required no alteration, --a considerable saving of time in analyzing serial electrocardiographic tracings. Serial comparison was required in in 27--45% of all ECG's taken in four medical centers. PMID- 6687899 TI - The reversible detachment and deposition of surfactant and of pulmonary macrophages during bronchopulmonary lavage in the rat. AB - A procedure is described for carrying out repetitive bronchopulmonary lavage in the rat, in which a given volume of lavage fluid is introduced into the lungs from a reservoir and then withdrawn from the lungs back into the reservoir, the process being repeated a number of times. During this procedure there is a net release of endogenous surfactant and macrophages from the lungs. [14C] pulmonary surfactant was prepared from rats previously injected intravenously with [1-14C] palmitate, and pulmonary macrophages labelled with 85Sr were prepared from rats which had received by intratracheal injection a suspension of fused clay particles labelled with 85Sr. It was shown by carrying out repetitive bronchopulmonary lavage with 0.15M-NaCl containing either exogenous [14C] surfactant or [85Sr]-macrophages that the release of endogenous surfactant and macrophages from the lung into the lavage fluid occurred concomitantly with the retention within the lung of radioactive exogenous surfactant and macrophages from the lavage fluid. It is concluded that the process of surfactant and macrophage detachment during bronchopulmonary lavage is reversible and that the exchange processes are of substantial magnitude. PMID- 6687898 TI - Inherited ophthalmoplegia with intestinal pseudo-obstruction. AB - A new inherited neuromuscular disease was identified in 4 patients (1 male, 3 females), offspring of consanguineous marriages, belonging to the same kindred. The proband was a 24-year-old female with history of ptosis and ophthalmoplegia since childhood and progressive intestinal pseudo-obstruction for the last 4 years of her life. A sural nerve biopsy showed axonal and demyelinating neuropathy. Muscle biopsies of pectoral and gastrocnemius revealed myopathic alterations with marked variation in muscle fiber size, atrophy of both fiber types and normal mitochondria. An upper gastrointestinal study showed barium in the stomach after 8 h and jejunal diverticula. Tests for absorption of fat, protein, carbohydrate, folic acid and vitamin B12 were normal. Serum levels of vitamin A and lipoproteins were also normal. The patient underwent partial gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy. Postoperatively, she developed severe pancreatitis, sepsis, peritonitis and expired. Tissue samples from the proband and from her brother, revealed normal mucosa, but degeneration of smooth muscle of the stomach and small intestine. The myenteric plexus and vagus nerves were normal. The biochemical studies of contractile proteins (myosin, actin, tropomyosin) in the fresh and cultured smooth muscle cells of the proband obtained at the time of gastrectomy showed a 50-75% decrease in the synthesis of different contractile proteins. Turnover of contractile proteins and synthesis and turnover of collagen showed normal values. The reduction in synthesis of contractile proteins may account for the weak peristalsis and be a factor in the pathogenesis of the intestinal pseudo-obstruction. PMID- 6687900 TI - Diuresis and respiratory distress syndrome: physiologic mechanisms and therapeutic implications. AB - Previous studies have suggested that spontaneous diuresis may be important to the recovery from respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Daily quantification of fluid intake (1) and urine output (O) were recorded, and O/I and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients (AaDO2) were determined for sequential eight-hour periods in 10 inborn premature infants with RDS. Sequential timed urine-plasma collections were obtained during the first four days of life to evaluate the role of hormonal and vasoactive factors in the acute phase of RDS. Diuresis (O/I greater than 0.80) occurred at 25 to 32 hours, preceded any significant improvement in AaDO2 (which occurred at 57 to 64 hours), and was associated with a 6.2 +/- 1.4% decrease in body weight. Although there was no significant change in glomerular filtration rate, plasma AVP concentrations, or urinary excretion of AVP in the infants, there were significant decreases in both plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (stable metabolite of prostacyclin) in sequential studies. These results suggest that changes in renal function or AVP may not be of primary importance in the diuresis associated with RDS, and that decreasing levels of prostacyclin, a prostaglandin that increases vascular permeability and lowers blood pressure, may have an important physiologic role. PMID- 6687901 TI - Schistosomiasis: proline production and release by ova. AB - The production and release of proline was measured in cleaned ova of Schistosoma mansoni. Proline was found to be released at approximately 76 mumoles/100 cc of ova water/hr. This high rate of proline production was found to correlate with extremely active proline synthetic enzymes in the ova. Ornithine-delta transaminase, which converts ornithine to delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, was found to be twice that of adult schistosomes and over seven times that of rat liver. delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid reductase, which converts delta 1 pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid to proline, is also more active than the adult isoenzyme and 35 times more active than the rat liver isoenzyme. These data suggest that proline emanating from the ova may play a role in stimulating fibrosis in the granulomata of schistosomiasis. PMID- 6687902 TI - Calibration of transmission electron microscopic mass determination using objects with known mass distribution. AB - An improved calibration procedure is described for dry mass determination methods, that are based on microdensitometry of transmission electron micrographs. Polystyrene latex spheres, that are supposed to have a homogeneous mass distribution, are used for the calibration procedure. By computer fitting of the theoretically expected mass distribution to the distribution measured in a line through the centre of a sphere, a mass calibration factor is obtained. The number of measurements required for a predetermined calibration accuracy can be decreased considerably as compared to other calibration methods. Accurate calibration and reproducible adjustment of the electron optical magnification are required. PMID- 6687903 TI - Mitochondrial DNA sequences in the nuclear genome of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. AB - Two sea urchin embryo complementary DNA clones representing mitochondrial 16 S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I messenger RNA have been characterized. The cloned cDNAs are colinear with sea urchin mitochondrial DNA, and their identification is based on cross-hybridization with known restriction fragments of human mitochondrial DNA, and on nucleotide sequence determinations. The mitochondrial cDNA clones also displayed an unexpected reaction with specific genomic DNA sequences in gel blot hybridizations. Genomic phage lambda recombinants containing sequences hybridizing with the mitochondrial clones were isolated and the arrangement of these sequences was determined. The genomic region studied contains a sequence homologous with the 3' end of the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, flanked on one side by what is possibly a complete copy of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene, and on the other by a duplication of a fragment of this gene. The nucleotide sequence divergence between the mitochondrial and nuclear homologues of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene varies for different regions of the gene, from about 13% to 25%, while there is about 8% sequence divergence between nuclear and mitochondrial versions of the 3' 16S rRNA sequence. The structure of the genomic mitochondrial sequence homologues indicates that during sea urchin evolution there occurred a germ-line transposition of a fragment of the mitochondrial genome into the nuclear DNA, followed by rearrangements and single nucleotide substitutions. PMID- 6687904 TI - Immunohistochemical study of substance P-like immunoreactivity in human thyroid and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPL-IR) was identified by the indirect peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) method in normal thyroid glands as well as in medullary thyroid carcinoma. The SPL-IR cells were visualized intrafollicularly in the thyroid, within cells which resembled the parafollicular C cells which contain calcitonin immunoreactivity. The SPL-IR cells distributed differently in the normal thyroid and in thyroid with secondary C cell hyperplasia. PMID- 6687906 TI - Surfactant extract reduces infant respiratory distress. PMID- 6687907 TI - Cochlear implants. PMID- 6687905 TI - Microfilaricidal activity of ivermectin against Dipetalonema reconditum. PMID- 6687908 TI - [Survival and factors related to the survival of recurrent breast cancer patients -a study with quantification theory]. AB - Survival and factors related to survival were determined, using quantification theory, in 41 patients with recurrent breast cancer treated by a multidisciplinary approach. Average survival was 33 +/- 22 months (average +/- standard deviation), 50% survival was 32 months and 49% survived for more than 36 months. The important survival factors were the histological stage and effective therapy. First recurrence sites, menopausal status, number of organs involved in cancer recurrence and histologic type were not important factors to the survival. Using these 6 factors, we can distinguish the long survival group from the short survival group with 75% accuracy. The cumulative correlation ratio was 0.764. PMID- 6687909 TI - Effect of dietary calcium on the response of bone to 1,25 (OH)2D3. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate, by static and dynamic histomorphometry, the comparative influence of dietary calcium on the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on bone. Young adult female rats were fed a diet containing 0.3% phosphorus and 0.05%, 0.5%, or 1.0% calcium. Rats in each group received placebo, or 27 ng or 135 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3, intraperitoneally, for 10 days. A dramatic osteosclerosis and hyperosteoidosis characterized by an increase in metaphyseal hard tissue percentage and percentage metaphyseal osteoid, a decrease in osteoclasts per millimeter of trabecular surface perimeter and longitudinal growth, and hypertrophy of osteoblasts developed in the proximal tibial metaphysis of rats fed 1.0% calcium diet and given 135 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3 compared with placebo-treated rats fed the same diets. Similar histomorphometric changes, with the exception of increased metaphyseal hard tissue percentage, occurred in rats fed 0.5% dietary calcium and treated with 135 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3. Metaphyseal hard tissue percentage, percentage metaphyseal osteoid, and osteoclasts per millimeter of trabecular surface perimeter were not affected by treatment with 135 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3 in rats fed a 0.05% calcium diet. Serum calcium was significantly elevated in all 1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats. Dietary calcium appears to modulate the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on bone. Only diets containing adequate dietary calcium permit exogenous pharmacologic levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 to produce a positive skeletal balance either by decreasing osteoclasis and/or increasing bone matrix synthesis. PMID- 6687910 TI - Time series methods in the monitoring of intracranial pressure. Part 2: Comparative study and initial assessment. AB - The primary objective of monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) is to detect a reduction in brain compliance at an early stage in order to be able to initiate corrective therapy and thus ensure that an adequate cerebral perfusion is maintained. This paper describes studies aimed at assessing the value of several time series analysis techniques as a basis for a scheme of monitoring ICP. The theoretical foundations for this work were laid in part 1. The paper begins with the outline of a suite of computer programs that were written to implement the techniques selected. Early results from studies with the programs are presented and the discussion is directed towards explaining practical aspects and limitations of the methods that were experienced. It is concluded that the most promising avenue for future development is the use of a dynamic linear model with a recursive parameter estimator within an adaptive framework. The direction of this future work is presented. PMID- 6687912 TI - Computer recording of anatomical points in three dimensional space. AB - A microcomputer based system has been designed to obtain spatial information for orthopaedic measurements, using three potentiometers as the transducer. Both hardware and software are described, including algorithms for converting the raw data to lengths and angles in three dimensional space. PMID- 6687911 TI - Monitoring of movement with radio frequency transducers. AB - Two approaches to the problem of monitoring human movement using radio frequency transducers are described. A simple two dimensional solution can monitor movement restricted to one plane, whilst a three dimensional transducer (linked to a computer), can follow movement in any plane. In both cases, by measuring the magnetic field produced by a set of small coils powered with high frequency current it is possible to calculate their relative displacement. If the coils are attached to the surface of the human body they can thus be used as a monitor of human movement. PMID- 6687913 TI - On-line analysis of the femoral artery flow velocity waveform and its application in the diagnosis of arterial disease. AB - Analysis of the instantaneous peak velocity waveform obtained from the common femoral artery can be used to provide an objective assessment of arterial disease in the leg. The calculation of waveform indices pulsatility index and rise time together with principal component analysis has been found to be the ideal method by which to assess the flow data on-line. PMID- 6687914 TI - Shock absorption of meniscectomized and painful knees: a comparative in vivo study. AB - The principles of a noninvasive measurement of the shock absorbing capacity of the knee are presented. Accelerometry, which has been proven to be a useful tool for noninvasive measurements in biomechanical investigation, was employed for quantitative evaluation of the knee's shock absorbing capacity by registration of bone vibrations resulting from the gait. Results of the experiments show that both patients with painful knee and patients after meniscectomy suffer from insufficient shock absorbing capacity of the knee. It was found that the shock absorbing capacity of a normal knee is about 20% higher than that of a pathological one. The results indicate that while meniscectomy may reduce pain, instability, swelling, etc. in an injured knee, it cannot improve its reduced shock absorbing capacity, which eventually will lead to development of degenerative osteoarthritis. It seems that the pain syndrome is a biological reaction to severe repetitive overloading of the knee. Noninvasive in vivo determination of the knee's shock absorbing properties may be useful as an additional clinical technique to reveal a knee's pathology. It may lead to early discovery of knee insufficiency, so that preventive steps can be taken to delay or reverse the process of degeneration. PMID- 6687915 TI - High surface tension pulmonary edema. AB - Dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital and placed on a piston ventilator with room air. Ten animals received an endobronchial lavage of normal saline (3 mg/kg). Ten other animals received an endobronchial lavage of the same volume of a nonionic detergent, Tween 20, 5% in saline. Detergent lavage was shown by Wilhelmy balance to increase surface tension of lung extracts. Saline lavage did not alter the surface tension of lung extracts. No significant differences between the groups were noted in cardiac output, left ventricular and diastolic pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, or colloid oncotic pressure. Static compliance and arterial PO2 were decreased following detergent lavage. Animals were sacrificed 2 hr after lavage and pulmonary extravascular water volume (PEWV) was measured gravimetrically. Saline-lavaged lungs with normal surface tension had a PEWV of 4.3 ml/g dry lung. Tween-lavaged lungs with increased surface tension had a PEWV of 5.3 ml/g dry lung (P less than 0.005). When the estimated volume of residual lavage solution remaining in the lung parenchyma was subtracted from the total wet lung wt, the corrected PEWV was 3.62 +/- 0.12 ml/g dry lung for saline-lavaged lung and 4.76 +/- 0.19 ml/g dry lung for Tween lavaged lung. PEWV for 11 control animals ventilated 2 hr without lavage was 3.61 +/- 0.13 ml/g dry lung. It is concluded that, experimentally, high alveolar surface tension can induce pulmonary edema even when pulmonary microvascular hydrostatic and colloid oncotic pressures are normal. PMID- 6687916 TI - [Cure of a case of late-presenting hypophosphoremic osteomalacia using vitamin D and without using phosphates]. PMID- 6687918 TI - Acyclovir therapy in patients with malignant disease and disseminated herpes zoster. AB - Acyclovir is a new antiviral agent which is active in vitro and in vivo against a variety of herpesviruses. Two cases are reported in which intravenous administration of acyclovir arrested the progress of disseminated herpes zoster within 24 to 48 hours after the beginning of therapy. There was no evidence of toxicity. Thus, acyclovir appears to be useful in the therapy of herpes zoster, but this requires evaluation. PMID- 6687917 TI - [Infections in homosexual men]. PMID- 6687919 TI - [Transferrin mRNA from the rat liver]. AB - Highly purified transferrin mRNA was isolated from rat liver using indirect immunoprecipitation of polysomes with antibodies to rat transferrin and poly(U) sepharose chromatography. Isolated transferrin mRNA was apparently homogeneous in sedimentation and electrophoretic experiments. Its sedimentation coefficient is 20S and molecular weight 925 000 (chain length 2800 nucleotides). The purified mRNA programmed the synthesis of electrophoretically homogeneous precursor of transferrin. The cell-free translation of transferrin mRNA was highly sensitive to the inhibition by cap analogues (pm7G) that seems being indicative of the capped structure of its 5' end. Hybridization of transferrin mRNA with [3H]poly(U) revealed the discrete length distribution of poly(A) sequences in mRNA (96, 45 and 26 mononucleotides). The proportion of double-stranded (nuclease SI-resistant) regions in transferrin mRNA is as high as 50-60%. Transferrin cDNA was synthesized via the reverse transcription of transferrin mRNA with oligo(dT) primer. This cDNA hydridized with mRNA template and with total polysomal RNA at C0t1/2 values 1.5 X 10(-3) and 3.6 X 10(0) mol nucleotides X 1(-1) Xs, respectively. Hence, the purified mRNA preparation is 2500-fold enriched with transferrin-coding sequences in comparison to the total polysomal RNA from rat liver. PMID- 6687921 TI - [A method of modernized milk formula preparation in children's hospitals]. AB - Nurses on the ward prepare the milk formula just before feeding by the nurse on the ward. Bottles and nipples are cleaned mechanically by dishwashers using alkaline cleaner for bottles, or a mild-alkaline cleaner (WA 725 S) and an antiseptic (Septo DA) for nipples. The nipples are sealed into plastic bags immediately after cleaning using sterile equipment. No further sterilisation is necessary as frequent bacterial culturing has shown. This procedure is safe, easy, and saves cost and time. PMID- 6687923 TI - [Early results of meniscectomy of the knee]. PMID- 6687922 TI - Planning more research on AIDS. PMID- 6687924 TI - [Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the median femoral condyle; a rare cause of pain in the knee in older patients]. PMID- 6687925 TI - [Sexually transmissible diseases in homosexual men]. PMID- 6687920 TI - Spontaneous fusion in vivo between normal host and tumor cells: possible contribution to tumor progression and metastasis studied with a lectin-resistant mutant tumor. AB - Previous studies demonstrated that growth in DBA/2 mice of MDW4, a wheat germ agglutinin-resistant (WGAr) mutant of the highly metastatic MDAY-D2 DBA/2 mouse tumor, led to the emergence of WGA-sensitive (WGAs) revertants having higher ploidy levels at the site of inoculation as well as at distant visceral metastases. The results implied that MDW4 was nonmetastatic but progressed to become metastatic in vivo only after a cellular change took place which was accompanied by extinction of the WGAr phenotype and acquisition of a higher number of chromosomes. Results presented here provide strong and direct evidence for the underlying mechanism being spontaneous cell fusion in vivo between the MDW4 (WGAr) tumor cells and normal host cells, at least some of which are of bone marrow origin. Thus, growth of the H-2d MDW4 tumor cells in (C3H X DBA/2)F1 (H-2k X H-2d) or (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 (H-2b X H-2d) mice led to the appearance of WGAs revertants bearing the H-2k or H-2b major histocompatibility complex antigens associated with the C3H or C57BL/6 parental strains, respectively. Similarly, WGAs revertants of MDW4 were found to express H-2k antigens after growth in CBA/HT6T6 (H-2k) leads to DBA/2 bone marrow radiation chimeras. Attempts to mimic the in vivo hybridization process were successful in that in vitro somatic cell fusion between an ouabain-resistant (OuaR), 6-thioguanine-resistant (Thgr) derivative of the MDW4 mutant and either normal bone marrow or spleen cells resulted in loss of the WGAr phenotype in the hybrids (thus showing its recessive character) and increased malignant properties in vivo. An analysis of spontaneous frequencies of re-expression of various drug resistance genetic markers in several hybrid metastatic cells was also consistent with chromosome segregation of the sensitive alleles. The results show that tumor progression and the emergence of metastatic cell variants could arise as a consequence of tumor X host cell fusion followed by chromosome segregation. We also discuss the possibility that this type of event may normally be a very rare one during the growth of tumors, the frequency of which can be artificially amplified by the use of certain classes of lectin-resistant mutants carrying particular cell surface alterations. PMID- 6687926 TI - Urinary excretion of Iopamidol following intrathecal administration. AB - No iodinated compound other than Iopamidol was found in the urine of subjects who received intrathecal injection of 10 ml of Iopamiro "300". The compound was neither metabolized nor altered in its optical configuration and urinary iodide content was always in the normal range. Between 72 and 85% of injected Iopamidol was excreted within 72 h of injection. PMID- 6687927 TI - [Clinical experience with an intrathecal marcaine-morphine combination in the therapy of postoperative pain]. PMID- 6687928 TI - [Bone mineralometry in post-menopausal osteoporosis]. AB - Bone mineralometry offers exact, reliable information on the extent of the bony mass in many dysmetabolic diseases. Post-menopausal osteoporosis is certainly one of the diseases that has been most widely investigated densitometrically. In a study of 192 patients carried out with a gamma-emitting monochromatic source (241Am) mineralometer reduced bone content was found to be particularly severe in some cases. A statistically significant correlation between bone mass and patient age was also apparent. Thirty-two women received long-term treatment with 1 microgram/day 1.25 (OH)2D3. In these cases, the percentage decrease in bone mass related to the mean values for age group was found to be proportional to the number of years since the climacterium under basal conditions, similar to the picture in corticosteroid osteoporosis, for which a study of 42 patients undergoing chronic cortisone treatment showed a significant correlation between reduction of bone mineral content and the period of treatment. A marked increase in this content was obtained with 1.25 (OH)2D3. PMID- 6687929 TI - myo-Inositol homeostasis in the human fetus. AB - The concentration of myo-inositol in the serum of pregnant women (21.4 microM) remained unchanged throughout pregnancy and was not significantly different from that in the serum of nonpregnant women (24.5 microM). myo-Inositol concentrations in mixed cord serum averaged 125 microM at midgestation. At term, the concentration of myo-inositol was 60.2 microM in the umbilical artery and 45.4 microM in the umbilical vein. In every umbilical cord examined, the ratio of myo inositol concentration in umbilical artery to that in umbilical vein exceeded 1.0. Activity of a putative regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of myo-inositol from glucose, ie, glucose 6-P:inositol 1-P cyclase (cyclase), was measured in placenta, fetal lung, and fetal liver. In placenta at midgestation and at term, cyclase activity was 87.8 and 90.7 nmol X g-1 tissue X h-1, respectively. Cyclase activity in fetal lung and liver at midgestation was 54.6 and 54.4 nmol X g-1 tissue X h-1, respectively. The gestational decline in the concentration of myo inositol in fetal serum may represent a decreasing availability of myo-inositol to the fetal lungs and could be important in the mechanism whereby the amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol in lung surfactant are regulated during fetal lung development. PMID- 6687930 TI - Histopathology of the auditory nerve and cochlear nucleus following intracochlear electrical stimulation. PMID- 6687932 TI - Rehabilitation and results with the single electrode cochlear implant. PMID- 6687931 TI - Who is a candidate for cochlear implantation? PMID- 6687933 TI - Cochlear implant patient performance on the MAC battery. PMID- 6687934 TI - The effects of cochlear implant use on voice parameters. PMID- 6687935 TI - [Calcium homeostasis in the newborn infant]. AB - The Calcium homeostasis in the perinatal period depends on the changes of the Calcium balance and on the influence of the three Calcium-regulating hormones parathyroid hormone, Calcitonin and 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol. The most common disorder is neonatal hypocalcemia which occurs either as early type (frequent, mainly in prematures) or as late type (rare, probably due to transient hypoparathyroidism). PMID- 6687936 TI - Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) as a factor facilitating animals' resistance to acute emotional stress. AB - Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) effects on resistance to acute emotional stress induced by electric stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus and skin of immobilized rats have been investigated. On the basis of the pattern of cardiovascular reactions, three groups of rats were distinguished: resistant, adapted, and predisposed to the experimental emotional stress. It is shown that DSIP injections increase animals' resistance to acute emotional stress. DSIP also changes the vascular reactivity to episodic emotiogenic stimulations. It is revealed that, after DSIP application, the absence of vascular reactions to emotiogenic ventromedial hypothalamic and electro-skin stimulations significantly increased. PMID- 6687937 TI - Hyaline membrane disease treated with bovine surfactant. AB - Six preterm infants with severe hyaline membrane disease requiring ventilation were treated, at a median age of 15.5 hours, with a single intratracheal bolus of a bovine surfactant suspension. Arterial oxygenation increased dramatically, and chest radiograms showed improvement after two to four hours. However, a variable degree of deterioration occurred within 24 hours. All of the infants required oxygen therapy for several weeks, and one developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 6687938 TI - Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein and mRNA are both differentially expressed in adult chickens but not chick embryos. AB - We have determined the 679 nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone which, by hybridization-translation experiments, corresponds to a 36K chick brain protein. Our studies provide a partial amino acid sequence for this protein, identifying it as chicken glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Antisera raised against purified chicken GAPDH reacted with a 36K protein present in chick brain extracts and estimated to be the fourth most prevalent protein, as determined by either Coomassie Blue staining or by in vitro translation of chick brain mRNA. The amounts of GAPDH mRNA in chick brain, liver and muscle and adult chicken brain are similar, whereas the relative amount of adult chicken muscle GPDH mRNA is greatly elevated and that of adult liver lowered. The GAPDH protein levels showed a similar variation between tissues, suggesting that the levels of GAPDH protein are largely regulated by the amount of available GAPDH mRNA. The chicken GAPDH clone does not hybridize to rat mRNA, even though GAPDH is one of the most evolutionarily conserved proteins, indicating that selection pressures are heavier at the primary protein sequence level than at the nucleic acid sequence level for this gene, a situation contrasting to that of the tubulins. PMID- 6687940 TI - Isolation of a human anti-haemophilic factor IX cDNA clone using a unique 52-base synthetic oligonucleotide probe deduced from the amino acid sequence of bovine factor IX. AB - A unique 52mer oligonucleotide deduced from the amino acid sequence of bovine Factor IX was synthesized and used as a probe to screen a human liver cDNA bank. The Factor IX clone isolated shows 5 differences in nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence as compared to a previously isolated clone. In addition, precisely one codon has been deleted.Images PMID- 6687942 TI - Colonic mucus in human fetal development. AB - The labelling behaviour of specimens of human fetal colon at different stages of development was examined using eight fluorescently labelled lectins with preferences for different carbohydrate structures. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding can be demonstrated in specimens from fetal colons between the 4th and 5th week and the 5th and 6th lunar month. Since CEA may bind to similar structures as PNA, an answer was sought to the question whether these structures are in fact identical. While there is evidence in favour of non-identity, it is not entirely conclusive. PNA-binding to fetal tissues is of interest since PNA binds to adult transformed colonic tissues, but not to normal ones. PMID- 6687939 TI - Chromosomal mapping of Xenopus 5S genes: somatic-type versus oocyte-type. AB - Xenopus 5S RNA genes exhibit a pattern of differential expression during development in which some members (oocyte-type) are transcribed only in oocytes, while others (somatic-type) are expressed in both oocytes and somatic cells. Using cloned DNA probes specific for each gene type, we determined the positions of these genes on Xenopus metaphase chromosomes by in situ hybridization. Somatic type 5S genes in both X. laevis and X. borealis are located at the distal end of the long arm of only one chromosome (number 9). The oocyte-type 5S RNA genes are found at the distal ends of the long arms of most Xenopus chromosomes, including chromosome 9. Thus, large scale differences in chromosomal location cannot explain the selective expression of these genes, as suggested previously. PMID- 6687941 TI - The vicilin gene family of pea (Pisum sativum L.): a complete cDNA coding sequence for preprovicilin. AB - A cDNA plasmid bank has been constructed using mRNA from developing pea seeds and three cDNAs coding for vicilin polypeptides have been selected. These cDNAs have been sequenced and between them cover the whole of the coding sequence plus part of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Comparison with amino acid sequence data from the protein indicates that vicilin is synthesised as preprovicilin with subsequent removal of a signal peptide and a C-terminal peptide as well as post translational endo-proteolytic cleavage. The cDNAs represent two different classes of vicilin genes whilst amino acid data show that there are at least three major classes of vicilin polypeptide. The vicilin sequences show extensive homology with conglycinin and phaseolin except in the regions of the internal proteolytic cleavages. The evolutionary significance of this relationship is discussed. PMID- 6687943 TI - Narcotics for acute postoperative pain. Is intramuscular administration passe? AB - Intramuscular (IM) injection of narcotic has been the mainstay of postoperative analgesia. However, problems inherent in IM administration--pulmonary dysfunction and inadequate pain control due to variable peak levels of drug concentration and variable absorption rate--have resulted in continuing efforts to find a more desirable method of administration. Intravenous (IV) infusion on a continuous or self-administered intermittent basis controls pain more effectively than IM injection. The total amount of drug required is significantly less and pulmonary dysfunction seems to occur less frequently. Some investigators are studying injection of narcotic into the epidural or subarachnoid space of the spine as a means of providing postoperative analgesia. This method provides an unusually intense, prolonged, and segmental analgesic action, as well as greater improvement in respiratory dynamics than with IV infusion. Although the advantages of the IV and spinal methods seem to outweigh the disadvantages, further research is needed before they can be recommended as alternatives to the standard IM method used to control postoperative pain. PMID- 6687944 TI - [Myasthenia gravis associated with diffuse toxic goiter]. PMID- 6687946 TI - [A case of primary duodenal cancer. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 6687945 TI - The "third" dimension in craniofacial surgery. AB - A new method for reconstruction of a three-dimensional surface from a sequence of high-resolution axial CT scans has been developed. This algorithm is realized as a set of computer programs that can operate on commercially available CT scanners or evaluation consoles. The program is both efficient and easy to implement. No operator intervention is required. The images produced simulate photographs of the skull. Frontal, lateral, oblique, bird's eye, worm's eye, and rear views are generated. As with photographs and conventional radiographs, each of these projections uniquely displays specific anatomic details. This method of osseous surface reconstruction is now routinely applied to all patients evaluated for major craniofacial reconstruction at our institution. The images are useful in defining aberrant anatomy, planning surgical procedures, and evaluating the results of such operations. This method replaces an inexact concept in the surgeon's imagination with a three-dimensional image of the craniofacial skeleton. PMID- 6687947 TI - Release of purine nucleosides and oxypurines from the isolated perfused rat heart. AB - In the ischemic heart, high-energy phosphates are rapidly broken down. We studied the release of AMP catabolites from the isolated perfused rat heart which was temporarily made ischemic or anoxic. We measured the concentration of purine nucleosides and oxypurines with a novel high-pressure liquid chromatographic technique. The postischemic working heart released adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, and also substantial amounts of xanthine. The latter could indicate that xanthine oxidase is present in rat heart. Further evidence for the myocardial occurrence of this enzyme was obtained from experiments with hearts perfused retrogradely with allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. This drug greatly enhanced the release of hypoxanthine, both during normoxic and anoxic perfusions. We conclude that xanthine oxidase could play an essential role in the myocardial breakdown of AMP catabolites. PMID- 6687948 TI - Anti-ischemic effects of molsidomine in an experimental model of coronary artery stenosis. AB - The effect of molsidomine, a novel antianginal agent, on the epicardial electrographic changes induced by reduced perfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was investigated in the anesthetized dog. The LAD was cannulated and perfused at a constant volume with blood taken from a carotid artery. The perfusion volume was than reduced by approximately 75%. The sum of the ST-segment changes obtained from six unipolar epicardial leads was taken as a measure of myocardial hypoxia. Simultaneously, heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and heart contractility were also recorded. In control animals, reduction of the perfusion volume of the LAD resulted in a dramatic elevation of the ST segments lasting more than 4 hr. Molsidomine administered after the induction of the ischemia at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg i.v. resulted within 40 min in a complete normalization of the electrographic changes. This effect was evident for over 4 hr in spite of the continuous reduced perfusion of the LAD. The beneficial effect of molsidomine on the electrical changes paralleled the reduction of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. It is suggested that the effect of molsidomine on the ischemic electrographic changes is brought about by a reduction of the preload, resulting in a better perfusion of the ischemic zones. PMID- 6687949 TI - Effect of molsidomine on spontaneous ventricular fibrillation following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in the dog. AB - The effect of the novel antianginal agent molsidomine on the incidence of spontaneous ventricular fibrillation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion was investigated in the anesthetized dog. Molsidomine was administered as an intravenous bolus at the dose of 0.05 mg/kg. Twenty minutes later, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 90 min. During the occlusion period, molsidomine was given as a continuous intravenous infusion at the dose of 0.5 micrograms/kg per ml per min. After release of the occlusion, the animals that survived were monitored for another 30 min. Control animals received saline. In the control animals, coronary occlusion was accompanied by an increase in heart rate, heart contractility, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and blood pressure as well as by ventricular arrhythmias. Molsidomine either abolished or reduced both hemodynamic and electrical changes. During the reperfusion period, 10 out of 12 control animals died, and the deaths were from ventricular fibrillation; one out of eight molsidomine-treated animals also died of ventricular fibrillation. It is postulated that the protective effect of molsidomine rests on its hemodynamic effects resulting in a shift in blood flow toward the ischemic zones and, consequently, in an increase in ventricular electrical stability. PMID- 6687951 TI - Neuromuscular blocking action of atracurium in the dog and its reversal by neostigmine. AB - The drug, atracurium besylate is one of a new series of competitive muscle relaxants. Doses of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg produced neuromuscular block in the anaesthetised dog with no cardiovascular effects. The neuromuscular block was readily reversible by neostigmine. PMID- 6687950 TI - Terpene-induced lowering of surface tension in vitro: a rationale for surfactant substitution. AB - Various terpenes were spread in an in vitro approach on an artificial monolayer film of di-palmitoyllecithin and enriched natural pulmonary surfactant of rats; the initial surface pressures of these substrates were measured and the resulting surface pressure increment recorded. All terpenes used were able to decrease surface tension at the air/water interface. The out-coming data were used to fit a mathematical model showing that an increase in surface pressure can improve pulmonary function concerning the tidal volume. The in vitro results might be taken as a further rationale for surfactant substitution by appropriate molecules in vivo. PMID- 6687953 TI - The mucosal defence capacity against proteolytic leukocyte enzymes. AB - Antileukoprotease is an important inhibitor of leukocyte elastase and seems to be the primary defence factor against elastase in the respiratory tract. The circulating level of antileukoprotease increases in inflammatory diseases and seems to be related to the degree of inflammation of the lung parenchyma. Antileukoprotease cannot be included among the general acute phase reactants as it does not increase in connection with surgical trauma. PMID- 6687954 TI - [Tuberculosis peritonitis in infants]. AB - Examination of a peritonitis tuberculosa in three children, each of one year of age, resulted in an x-ray film morphology of the type known in peritonitis tuberculosa in adults. The identification of extended loops of constant localization is a pointer in this direction. Diagnosis becomes even more probable if the clinical pattern is also considered or if there are changes in the lung. PMID- 6687955 TI - [Software application computer laboratories at the Institute of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine at the Charles University Medical School in Prague]. PMID- 6687956 TI - Decrease of a normal colon and granulocyte antigen (NCA) in whole lysed blood of myelosuppressed patients. AB - A normal colon and granulocyte antigen (NCA) is found in large amounts in neutrophil granulocytes. A method combining freeze-thawing and ultrasonication of whole blood proved to be the most efficient in recovery of NCA from separated granulocytes or whole blood. NCA in whole blood was studied in healthy persons and in 8 patients with embryonal carcinoma undergoing chemotherapy, with a myelosuppressive effect. A strong correlation (r = 0.96) between the total number of peripheral granulocytes and the amount of NCA in lysed whole blood was found in both healthy persons and myelosuppressed patients. The NCA content per 10(9) granulocytes was equal in granulocytopenic and healthy persons. NCA measurements therefore give information about the total number of granulocytes in peripheral blood within the limits measured (0.5-6.5 x 10(9) granulocytes/l). PMID- 6687952 TI - [Computerization of a bank of platelets with HLA phenotype and preserved at -196 degrees C]. AB - In order to complete the logistics of the unit cytapheresis, we have developed a decision helping system which rests upon the computer management of -196 degrees C cryopreserved HLA type platelets. The hardware used is a micro-computer equipped with two floppy disks and a printer. Two files have been created: namely "Product" and "Patient". Data relating to 800 platelet concentrates may be recorded on a floppy disk. The software which has been developed has several functions: 1 - The input of the parameters of a HLA type concentrate with the possibility of reservation for the given recipient; 2 - The print out of the bank's stock; 3 - The selection and the reservation of HLA matched platelets according to the recipient; 4 - The print out of concentrates allocated to each patient, it is possible to thaw out chosen platelet concentrate and a thawing report is printed out, thus enabling one to locate the concentrate in the bank. Thanks to this "aid in decision making", the management of - 196 degrees C cryopreserved HLA type platelets may be carried out. The proposed software allows an one line answer for any emergency transfusion case. Considering the recipient HLA typing the suitable best match platelet concentrates are instantly transfused or save. PMID- 6687957 TI - Ultrasonography of small organs: experience in a community hospital. PMID- 6687958 TI - In vivo inactivation of factor V by a vitamin K-dependent factor. Study of an individual with combined factor V/VIII deficiency. PMID- 6687959 TI - Basal 6 keto PGF1 alpha levels: influence of sampling techniques. PMID- 6687960 TI - Pharmacokinetics of Defibrotide and of its profibrinolytic activity in the rabbit. AB - An extensive study of the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacokinetics of the profibrinolytic activity of Defibrotide (D) in the rabbit has been made. a two compartment model was used to describe D's pharmacokinetics. The parameters of drug disposition and the rate constant of release from tissues to central compartment were closely dose-dependent. The dose-response curves for elimination parameters were powers with a negative exponent indicating considerable saturation of this process. As a consequence, the T1/2, Co and AUC were also dose dependent, as were the parameters describing the decrease in profibrinolytic activity in the blood stream. PMID- 6687962 TI - [A patient with Ito's hypomelanosis, also called incontinentia pigmenti achromians]. AB - A 2 1/2 year old mentally retarded Dutch boy, suffering from epilepsy, hydrocefalus, generalised hypotonia, degenerative signs of the eyes and teeth and characteristic pigment disturbances of the skin is described. The complete picture fits in the syndrome of Ito's hypomelanosis, also called incontinentia pigmenti achromians. This is a neurocutaneous syndrome or an ectodermal dysplasia. PMID- 6687963 TI - [Significance of "air trapping" in horses with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 6687961 TI - The involvement of prostaglandins and thromboxanes in the response to pulmonary embolism in anaesthetized rabbits and isolated perfused lungs. AB - Embolisation of blood clots produced an increased pulmonary artery pressure in vitro and systemic hypotension in vivo. In control anaesthetized animals, systemic blood pressure fell by 44.9 +/- 28.0 mm Hg following embolisation and 40% of the animals died within 5 minutes of embolisation. Plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TXB222222 2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1 alpha (6-keto-PGF 1 alpha) were increased by 0.54 +/- 0.13 ng/ml and 0.41 +/- 0.25 ng/ml, respectively. Pretreatment of animals with aspirin (ASA), 5 mg/kg or 250 mg/kg, reduced the hypotensive response and the TXB 2 and 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha release. Embolisation of isolated lungs perfused with blood-free medium induced an increase in pulmonary artery pressure of 32.7 +/- 21.0 mm Hg and significantly increased the content of TXB 2 and 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha in the perfusate. Pretreatment of lungs with indomethacin, 10 micrograms/ml, reduced the mean pulmonary pressure response to embolisation to 10.6 +/- 4.9 mm Hg and blocked the appearance of TXB 2 in the perfusate. Embolisation with an agarose clot induced only a 2.58 +/- 0.8 mm Hg increase in pressure and no detectable TXB 2 release. These results indicate that embolisation of lungs with a blood clot induces the release of TXB 2 and 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha. The release of these mediators, the hemodynamic responses and mortality were blocked by ASA pretreatment. PMID- 6687964 TI - [Tactical problems of ear prosthesis]. PMID- 6687965 TI - Coronaviruses SD and SK share extensive nucleotide homology with murine coronavirus MHV-A59, more than that shared between human and murine coronaviruses. AB - A cDNA probe representing the genome of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) strain A59 (MHV-A59) was used to measure nucleotide sequence homologies among murine and human coronaviruses and the SD and SK coronaviruses isolated by Burks et al. Since SD and SK were isolated by inoculation of multiple sclerosis (MS) central nervous system (CNS) tissue into mice or cultured mouse cells, it is important to determine their relationships to other murine and human coronavirus isolates. Our results indicate that SD and SK share almost complete nucleotide homology (approximately 90%) with MHV-A59 and generate subgenomic RNAs of the same sizes as MHV-A59. The human coronavirus (HCV) strains tested show less homology with MHV-A59. The immunologically unrelated HCV-229E shows no nucleotide homology with MHV-A59. The immunologically cross-reactive HCV-OC43 shows nucleotide homology with MHV-A59 by blot hybridization but not when hybridized in solution and assayed by S1 nuclease digestion. PMID- 6687966 TI - [Results of combined chemotherapy of lymphosarcoma with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone]. AB - The effectiveness of treatment of lymphosarcoma of lymph nodes with cyclophosphamide, vincristin (oncovin) and prednisolone (scheme COP) was found to depend on the cytomorphological type of tumor, stage and previous therapy, with duration of remission being in direct correlationship with its degree. PMID- 6687967 TI - Urethritis in men. PMID- 6687968 TI - [Results of the experimental study of the contamination of human milk by total DDT (p,p'-DDT + p,p'-DDE)]. PMID- 6687969 TI - [Current objectives of dispensary care in dermatology and venereology]. PMID- 6687970 TI - Kinetics of the iodide trapping mechanism in normal and pathological human thyroid slices. AB - Kinetics of the iodide trapping mechanism in thyroid slices was studied in human and animal tissues. Slices were incubated with several medium iodide concentrations, ranging from 5 x 10(-6)M to 2 x 10(-4)M, in order to calculate in the steady state the following kinetic parameters of the iodide transport: Km, maximal capacity (C) and diffusion factor (D). Results indicated that the Km was similar in magnitude (10(-5)M) in all cases where trapping activity was present, while maximal capacity (C) values showed significant differences between those pathologies in which trapping activity was hyperstimulated (dishormonogenetic goitre, Graves' disease, toxic adenoma) and those where thyroid tissues presented focal or total alterations on its structure (non-toxic nodular goitre, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid cancer) or where thyroid tissues were not sufficiently stimulated by TSH (extranodular tissue of toxic adenoma). 'Warm' nodules were not significantly different from normal human thyroid. These results suggest that the scattered trapping values observed in the different thyroid pathologies correspond to quantitative differences between them rather than to qualitative alterations in the thyroid iodide pump. PMID- 6687971 TI - 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 corrects osteomalacia in hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism. AB - Deficiency of circulating 1 alpha-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha,25(OH)2D) regularly occurs in hypoparathyroidism (HP) and pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP). Osteomalacia is occasionally found in the two diseases. Two patients, one with HP and the other with PHP, both with symptomatic and biopsy-proven osteomalacia, were studied before and after treatment with 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3. Laboratory values before treatment were as follows: serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was undetectable in the patient with HP and was elevated in the patient with PHP. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, measured by binding assay, was 131.5 and 61.9 nmol/l (normal: 69.1 +/- 15.9 nmol/l); serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, measured by binding assay, was 13.9 and 3.8 nmol/l (normal: 3.4 +/- 1.4 nmol/l); serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D, measured by bioassay, was 28.6 and 29.0 pmol/l (normal: 77.3 +/- 22.8 pmol/l) and, measured by receptor assay, was 36.2 and 41.0 pmol/l (normal: 71.8 +/- 35.8 pmol/l) in the HP and PHP patients, respectively. Serum calcium was low and serum inorganic phosphate was high in both cases. Treatment with 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 (3-5 micrograms per day for 10-12 months) restored serum calcium and inorganic phosphate to normal, alleviated bone pain and healed the osteomalacia as shown on repeat bone biopsy. Our results provide further evidence that isolated deficiency of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D may cause osteomalacia or rickets. PMID- 6687972 TI - Ocular surface drying and tear film osmolarity in thyroid eye disease. AB - Five factors potentially associated with corneal exposure--palpebral fissure width, exophthalmos, blink rate, lagophthalmos, and lid lag--were evaluated in 17 patients with Graves' disease to determine which were associated with ocular surface damage. Multiple regression analysis revealed that increased palpebral fissure width and increased blink rate were both significant predictors of ocular surface damage (as measured by rose Bengal staining). Tear osmolarity and tear film break-up time were measured to determine the type of drying mechanism involved in thyroid eye disease. All eyes examined except one had blink rates adequate to prevent dry-spot formation. Fourteen of 33 eyes had abnormally high tear osmolarity. Increasing palpebral fissure width and increasing blink rate were both significant predictors of elevated osmolarity in tears obtained from the inferior marginal tear strip. We suspect that increased palpebral fissure width accelerates tear film evaporation, thus increasing tear film osmolarity with resultant ocular surface damage. PMID- 6687974 TI - Computers in psychiatry. PMID- 6687975 TI - Purification and characterization of Murphy-Sturm lymphosarcoma (MSLS) tumor kininogen. PMID- 6687973 TI - 14C-gossypol: optimum conditions for synthesis by cotton seedlings. PMID- 6687978 TI - Correlation of thyroid antibodies and cytologic features in suspected autoimmune thyroid disease. AB - Six hundred forty-three patients with antithyroid antibody results were studied. Antithyroglobulin antibodies were found in 101, and antimicrosomal antibodies were found in 338 patients. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy, performed in 122 patients, yielded a satisfactory aspirate in 108 subjects. Significant antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibody titers were found in 28 of 57 and 149 of 267 patients, respectively. In 65 patients with cytologically proved Hashimoto's thyroiditis, only 15 had positive antithyroglobulin antibody results (11 titers were 1:1,600 or higher), whereas 61 had positive antimicrosomal antibody results (50 titers were 1:1,600 or higher). Thus, cytologic diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis correlated better with antimicrosomal antibodies than with antithyroglobulin antibody titers. These data suggest that antithyroglobulin antibody determination offers no particular advantage over antimicrosomal antibody titers. In subjects with a clinical diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and negative antibody results, fine-needle aspiration biopsy remains useful in establishing the diagnosis. PMID- 6687976 TI - Application of the microcomputer to occupational health data management. AB - The use of the microcomputer offers a simple, inexpensive solution to the numerous problems associated with data management in an occupational health program. A system has been developed which uses commercially available data management software supplemented by optional programs tailored to the specific application. The system is capable of maintaining files of personal and area monitoring data, material toxicity and safety information, noise level data, audiograms, OSHA forms 101 and 200, and employee information relevant to the industrial hygienist's needs. The cost is less than $4000.00, which is well below that of most alternative systems. Its flexibility and economy should make this innovative use of the microcomputer an attractive method of occupational health data management. PMID- 6687977 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of mycosis fungoides and Hodgkin disease: clinical and histologic correlations in three cases with ultrastructural studies in two. AB - We present three patients who manifested both Hodgkin disease and mycosis fungoides. Ages ranged from 39 to 66 and two were male. Skin lesions were present from 3 to 40 years before the diagnosis of Hodgkin disease. In all cases, mycosis fungoides was confirmed histologically by skin biopsy; the clinical course of the mycosis fungoides was indolent in all cases. Hodgkin disease was confirmed histologically in three, and confirmed by electron microscopy in two. All three patients responded to appropriate treatment for Hodgkin disease and are alive and well at the present time. PMID- 6687979 TI - Studies on the beneficial effects of aspirin in endotoxic shock. Relationship to inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism. AB - Endotoxic shock is associated with increased metabolism of arachidonic acid into thromboxanes and prostaglandins. This study assessed the effects of varied doses of aspirin, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism, on Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin-induced mortality, plasma levels of arachidonate metabolites, and other pathophysiologic sequelae in Long-Evans rats. Aspirin in doses of 3.75, 15, and 30 mg/kg given 30 minutes prior to endotoxin challenge significantly (p less than 0.01) improved 24-hour survival rates from 11 percent to approximately 65 percent, but 100 mg/kg afforded no protection. Pretreatment with aspirin (15 or 100 mg/kg) 30 minutes prior to endotoxin also significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased the endotoxin-induced elevations in plasma levels of immunoreactive thromboxane B2, a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2, and immunoreactive 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, a stable metabolite of prostacyclin. Aspirin doses of 15 or 100 mg/kg given 24 hours prior to challenge with endotoxin significantly improved 24-hour survival rates from 17 percent to 42 percent (p less than 0.01) and 44 percent (p less than 0.005), respectively. Pretreatment with an aspirin dose of 15 mg/kg 24 hours prior to challenge with endotoxin significantly (p less than 0.05) inhibited thrombin-induced immunoreactive thromboxane B2 synthesis in platelet-rich plasma (in vitro) and endotoxin-induced immunoreactive 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and immunoreactive thromboxane B2 synthesis by rat peritoneal macrophages. Although 24-hour pretreatment with aspirin (15 or 100 mg/kg) significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced endotoxin-induced elevations in immunoreactive thromboxane B2, only the 100 mg/kg dose significantly lowered plasma levels of immunoreactive 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha. These observations are consistent with the notion that the beneficial effects of aspirin seen in experimental endotoxic shock may be mediated, in part, via inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 6687980 TI - Determination of phosphatidylglycerol. PMID- 6687982 TI - Multiprogrammable cardiac pacemakers. Applications, results, and follow-up. AB - More than 50 percent of patients with implanted pulse generators live more than 5 years and 35 percent survive beyond 10 years. For such patients, programmable pulse generators offer the flexibility to safely prolong battery life and to alter pacing function based on clinical and electrophysiologic requirements. Further, the potential to diagnose and treat pacing system malfunctions noninvasively in the future may significantly reduce the discomfort, inconvenience, and cost of reoperation. Physicians should select programmable models based on proved system reliability, clinical needs, and the availability of supervised follow-up programs. Finally, the safe and efficacious application of programmable pulse generators requires knowledge of pacing electrophysiology and techniques, and a thorough acquaintance with the operating characteristics of the systems selected for implantation. PMID- 6687983 TI - [Hypophyseal-thyroid system in pregnant women with diffuse toxic goiter]. PMID- 6687984 TI - Bronchospasm following the use of atracurium. PMID- 6687981 TI - The use of a patient-interactive microcomputer system to obtain histories in an infertility and gynecologic endocrinology clinic. AB - An inexpensive microcomputer has been programmed to obtain histories from patients attending an infertility and gynecologic endocrinology clinic. The system is directly interactive; patients enter their answers on a specially designed keyboard containing only "yes," "no," and "don't know" buttons and the numbers 1 to 5. A neatly formatted summary of the history is then provided by an interfaced printer. The history follows a branching pattern: Of the 330 questions incorporated in the program only 76 are asked in the course of the average history. The program contains numerous features which make it easy to use. For example, patients are provided with more detailed explanations of questions they find difficult to answer. These are produced either on command or automatically if the response time is prolonged. Crossover comparison with manual histories showed that the computer produces an accurate and exhaustive record containing many additional significant items. This system was designed to facilitate and not replace the physician interview. A confidential questionnaire revealed a high degree of consumer acceptance. PMID- 6687985 TI - Molecular cloning of complementary DNA: preparation of a plasmid vector with low transformation background. AB - A simple method that allows the rapid preparation of oligo dG-tailed plasmid vectors is presented. The procedure involves purification of the tailed molecules by hybridization to oligo dC-cellulose followed by a stepwise thermal elution. The resulting plasmid is virtually devoid of transformation activity in the absence of oligo dC-tailed DNA fragments. It allows construction of cDNA libraries with as low as 1% of colonies harboring wild-type plasmids. PMID- 6687986 TI - Prilocaine-induced methemoglobinemia in a newborn infant. PMID- 6687987 TI - Food allergy: two common types as seen in breast and formula fed babies. AB - Cow's milk allergy can develop in both breast and formula fed babies. The allergy developing in breast fed babies is triggered by trace amounts of antigen, tends to cause severe reactions and may persist for several years. The allergy developing in formula fed babies is triggered by large amounts of antigen, is not associated with either positive prick tests or with anaphylactic reactions and often subsides spontaneously. PMID- 6687988 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica pharyngitis. AB - During the investigation of a large multistate outbreak of milk-borne yersiniosis, 14 patients who presented with pharyngitis had Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from the throat. Their illness was characterized by sore throat and fever without enteritis; 3 needed hospitalization. All patients tested had leukocytosis and an elevated convalescent-phase serum titer against the outbreak strain. In contrast to patients with enteritis, who were children, all patients with pharyngitis were adults. Thus, Y. enterocolitica may be responsible for some sporadic cases of pharyngitis in which the throat culture is negative for other pathogens. PMID- 6687989 TI - Cochlear implant effects on the spiral ganglion. PMID- 6687990 TI - Manganese, calcium, and saccharide binding to concanavalin A, as studied by ultrafiltration. AB - The binding of the ligands Mn2+, Ca2+, and methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside to concanavalin A, purified as described (A.J. Sophianopoulos and J.A. Sophianopoulos (1981) Prep. Biochem. 11, 413-435), was studied by ultrafiltration in 0.2 M NaCl, pH 5.2 and pH 6.5 to 7, and at 23 to 25 degrees C. The association constant (Ka) of methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside to concanavalin A was (2 +/- 0.2) X 10(3) M-1, both at pH 5.2 and 7. At pH 5.2 and in the absence of Ca2+, the Ka of Mn2+ to concanavalin A was (5 +/- 1) X 10(3) M-1, and in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+, the Ka was (9.1 +/- 2.1) X 10(5) M-1. At pH 6.5 Mn2+ bound to concanavalin A with a Ka of (7.3 +/- 1.8) X 10(5) M-1, and the binding affinity was virtually independent of the presence of Ca2+. Experiments of binding of 4 methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside to concanavalin A indicated that at pH 5.2, binding of a single Mn2+ per concanavalin A monomer was sufficient to induce a fully active saccharide binding site. Ca2+ is not necessary for such activation, but rather it increases the affinity of concanavalin A for binding Mn2+. PMID- 6687992 TI - Concurrent primary parathyroid hyperplasia and parathyroid carcinoma. AB - We noted the association of parathyroid carcinoma and primary parathyroid hyperplasia in a 53-year-old woman who had a clinical and laboratory profile of primary hyperparathyroidism. At surgery, three hyperplastic parathyroid glands were excised, one of which also demonstrated parathyroid carcinoma. Postoperatively, she was treated for persistent hypercalcemia and died of congestive cardiac failure. At autopsy, there was evidence of metastatic parathyroid carcinoma, and a further hyperplastic parathyroid gland was identified. The association of parathyroid hyperplasia and carcinoma is rare. PMID- 6687991 TI - Will exogenous surfactant treat respiratory distress syndrome? PMID- 6687994 TI - The pathology of Q fever as seen on liver biopsy. AB - Granulomatous inflammation was seen in liver biopsy specimens from five patients with Q fever. All patients had a fever of unknown origin with mild abnormalities of liver function. The granulomatous process in the liver was very distinctive, with fibrinoid ring formation seen in four of the five cases. A diagnosis of Q fever was suggested in the five cases on the basis of the characteristic granulomatous inflammation. Results of subsequent complement fixation tests were positive in all five patients. PMID- 6687993 TI - A variant of toxic shock syndrome. Clinical, microbiologic, and autopsy findings in a fatal case. AB - A 16-year-old boy had toxic shock syndrome (TSS); Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia developed 11 hours prior to his death, which was three days after onset of the illness. The isoelectric focusing pattern of the staphylococcal isolate differed from both non-TSS and classic TSS S aureus isolates. Anatomic findings suggest three pathogenetic mechanisms: (1) immune complex-associated pulmonary microangiitis and vasculitis in the skin and skeletal muscle; (2) parenchymal cell "microvesicular" fatty metamorphosis in the liver, myocardium, renal tubules, and pancreas, and (3) pancarditis. PMID- 6687995 TI - Phialophora richardsiae in a lesion appearing as a giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath. PMID- 6687996 TI - C-reactive protein v erythrocyte sedimentation rate. A comparison of effectiveness as an infection marker in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6687998 TI - Reductive fragmentation of 2-nitroimidazoles in the presence of nitroreductases- glyoxal formation from misonidazole. PMID- 6688000 TI - Symposium on atracurium. PMID- 6687999 TI - [Local administration of radiosensitizer misonidazole]. PMID- 6687997 TI - Identification of specific proteins synthesized by type II pneumocytes in primary culture. AB - Proteins from primary cultures of type II granular pneumocytes have been examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis to identify type II cell-specific proteins. The distribution of Coomassie Blue-stained bands in preparations of cellular proteins, culture medium, lavage and lamellar bodies have been compared. The most prominent stained band in the serum-free medium from type II cell cultures (HS1; Mr 39900) corresponds to a major protein in acellular sedimentable (20000 g for 30 min) crude surfactant obtained from rat lungs by saline (0.9% NaCl) lavage. A second protein (HS2; Mr 12000) is also found both in type II cell-conditioned medium and in lavage. Neither rat serum nor donor calf serum (used in the isolation of the type II cells) contains a protein co migrating with HS1 or HS2 proteins. HS1 is also found in Coomassie Blue-stained gels of cellular proteins and of lamellar bodies isolated from whole lungs. Cultures of type II cells incorporate [14C]phenylalanine into HS1 and HS2 as shown by autoradiography of sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels of culture medium. Rat lungs perfused in situ incorporate [35S]methionine into HS1 in the lamellar body fraction. A third protein (HS3; Mr 47000) is observed only in autoradiographs of cell culture medium; no corresponding Coomassie Blue stained band can be identified in medium, in cells or in lung lavage. No protein bands corresponding to HS1, HS2 or HS3 are found in conditioned media from pulmonary alveolar macrophages, rat fibroblasts or bovine aorta endothelial cells. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of HS1 shows a single polypeptide with an isoelectric point of 6.3; HS3 appears as a chain of spots with a range of isoelectric points from 6.3 to 6.6. HS2 has not been identified on two dimensional gels. The amino acid composition of HS1 does not differ significantly from that of surfactant apoproteins studied previously; however, HS1 is not detected by glycoprotein stains, nor does it appear to be a subunit of a thiol linked multimer. PMID- 6688001 TI - Pharmacological action of breakdown products of atracurium and related substances. AB - The neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of the breakdown products of atracurium and related substances have been studied in cats anaesthetized with chloralose. Laudanosine, the quaternary acid and metholaudanosine had no neuromuscular blocking activity within the dose range 0.5-4 mg kg-1. However, the quaternary monoacrylate, the quaternary alcohol and the monoquaternary analogue produced a dose-dependent neuromuscular block within this dose range. At 4 mg kg 1 mean arterial pressure was significantly reduced by 30-70 mm Hg following the administration of the quaternary monoacrylate, laudanosine, the quaternary alcohol, metholaudanosine and the monoquaternary analogue. At this dose only the monoquaternary analogue caused significant sympathetic blockade after preganglionic nerve stimulation. Significant vagal blockade occurred after 4 mg kg-1 of the quaternary monoacrylate, the quaternary acid, the quaternary alcohol and the monoquaternary analogue. In view of the low potencies of these substances, it is likely that the quantities present either as an impurity or likely to be formed after administration of therapeutic doses of atracurium (0.3 0.6 mg kg-1 i.v.) are of no pharmacological importance. PMID- 6688002 TI - Atracurium in obstetric anaesthesia. A preliminary report. PMID- 6688003 TI - Atracurium in paediatric anaesthesia. PMID- 6688004 TI - Clinical pharmacology of atracurium in paediatric patients. AB - The potency of atracurium was determined in adolescents and children during nitrous oxide-halothane and nitrous oxide-thiopentone-fentanyl anaesthesia using single dose-response curves. Dose-response curves were parallel. The effective doses producing 95% twitch depression (ED95) (mg kg-1) during nitrous oxide halothane were larger in younger children than in the adolescents. Halothane (0.8% end-tidal) did not significantly potentiate atracurium when compared with thiopentone-fentanyl. On a microgram m-2 basis there was no difference in the ED95 between patients of different age or those anaesthetized with different techniques. At approximately 95% twitch depression intubating conditions were excellent in all groups. Minimal cardiovascular effects were noted at several multiples of the ED95. PMID- 6688005 TI - Atracurium in the severely ill. AB - Details are given of 25 severely ill patients in whom atracurium was used to produce neuromuscular blockade. In view of the good operating conditions and absence of effects on the cardiovascular system it is concluded that atracurium is an excellent nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent for use in the severely ill, and the elderly. PMID- 6688006 TI - Atracurium in clinical anaesthesia. AB - Atracurium was used on 250 occasions under normal operating conditions in patients between the ages of 18 and 86 yr; 97 patients were aged 65 yr and over, 47 were ASA Grade III, 15 were Grade IV and three were Grade V. Provided that a dose of 0.5-0.6 mgkg-1 was used, intubation was carried out in 1.5 min in 82% of patients. Good operating conditions were obtained in all patients and no complications could be attributed to atracurium even in patients giving a history of allergy or asthma. Residual blockade could be adequately antagonized and recurarization did not occur. PMID- 6688007 TI - Atracurium in renal failure. PMID- 6688008 TI - Haemodynamic effects of bolus injections of atracurium in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Atracurium has been reported to have minimal haemodynamic effects in healthy patients. The purpose of this study was to determine its effects in patients with coronary artery disease. Sixteen patients scheduled for elective coronary artery surgery were studied in two equal groups. Group 1 received a bolus injection of atracurium 0.3 mgkg-1 and group 2 0.4 mgkg-1. Under local anaesthesia, radial artery, pulmonary artery thermodilution and central venous catheters were placed and the appropriate vascular pressures continuously monitored, as were leads II and V5 of the electrocardiogram. Sleep was induced with lorazepam and fentanyl while the patients were breathing nitrous oxide in oxygen (50:50). Control measurements of arterial pressure (AP) (mean, systolic, diastolic), CO (thermodilution), CVP, PA, PCW and HR were obtained. Atracurium was administered as a bolus and measurements repeated at 2, 5, and 10 min. In group 1 mean and diastolic arterial pressure decreased significantly at 2 min (73 +/- 2 to 66 +/- 3 mm Hg, P less than 0.05; 58 +/- 3 to 51 +/- 2 mm Hg, P less than 0.05). The changes were not significant at 5 or 10 min. There were no significant changes in CO or SVR. One patient in this group exhibited a typical histamine response with vasodilatation and flushing. In this patient mean arterial pressure decreased from 70 to 55 mm Hg and CO increased from 4.90 to 7.24 litre min-1. Excluding this patient from group 1 eliminated the significance of the haemodynamic changes for the rest of the group (MAP = 73 +/- 2 to 68 +/- 2 mm Hg, n.s.; mean diastolic AP = 58 +/- 3 to 53 +/- 2 mm Hg, n.s.). In group 2 none of the haemodynamic parameters measured showed significant changes. These results demonstrate minimal haemodynamic effects with 0.3- or 0.4-mgkg-1 bolus injections of atracurium in 15 patients with coronary artery disease, but in one patient doses of 0.3 mgkg-1 produced a typical histamine response with marked cardiovascular changes. PMID- 6688010 TI - Haemodynamic effects of atracurium in patients after cardiac surgery. PMID- 6688009 TI - Use of atracurium infusions for general surgical procedures including cardiac surgery with induced hypothermia. AB - Atracurium was administered by infusion to four patients undergoing general surgical procedures. A mean infusion rate of 0.0068 +/- 0.0007 mgkg-1 min-1 provided adequate surgical relaxation and recovery from neuromuscular blockade was similar to that following the use of bolus injections. The effect of hypothermia on the duration of action of atracurium was studied in six patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. During the phase of induced hypothermia, significantly slower infusion rates provided satisfactory surgical conditions. Atracurium appears to be eminently suitable for administration by infusion in both general and cardiac surgery. PMID- 6688011 TI - Interaction between atracurium and drugs used in anaesthesia. AB - The effects of various drugs used during anaesthesia on the neuromuscular blocking activity of atracurium have been studied in anaesthetized cats. Clinically effective doses of diazepam, morphine, pentazocine, pethidine, ketamine, Althesin, methohexitone, Septrin, lignocaine, propranolol, calcium chloride or azathioprine did not significantly alter the neuromuscular blocking action of atracurium. Recovery from atracurium was not prolonged during an infusion of hexamethonium or sodium nitroprusside, indicating that, despite the severe hypotension, the inactivation of atracurium was unimpaired. Similar to that of other competitive neuromuscular blocking agents, the action of atracurium was enhanced by tubocurarine, halothane, gentamycin, neomycin and polymixin and was antagonized by adrenaline and transiently antagonized by suxamethonium. However, pretreatment with suxamethonium did not affect the subsequent block by atracurium. PMID- 6688013 TI - Toxicity testing of atracurium. AB - The toxicity of atracurium has been investigated in subacute tests in rat, dog and monkey, in a fetal toxicity test in the rabbit and in a paranatal study in the cat. No specific adverse effects were found despite administration of supraparalysing doses. It appeared not to cross the placenta at term and the neonatal kitten seemed resistant to its neuromuscular blocking action. In the dog, cat and pig, in which physiological monitoring was undertaken, i.v. injection of three to four times the paralysing dose had little or no effect on arterial pressure or heart rate. The solution did not cause local irritation. Atracurium was not mutagenic in the Ames test. PMID- 6688012 TI - Metabolism and kinetics of atracurium: an overview. AB - Atracurium, a new competitive neuromuscular blocking agent, is broken down in the body by two mechanisms, Hofmann elimination and ester hydrolysis. Chemical breakdown by Hofmann elimination is rapid at physiological pH and temperature, whereas ester hydrolysis is enzyme-catalysed but by enzymes other than pseudocholinesterase. The products of these reactions have been shown to lack neuromuscular or cardiovascular activity at the concentrations occurring after therapeutic doses of atracurium. Studies with radiolabelled drug in anaesthetized cats have shown that atracurium and its metabolites are readily excreted in bile and urine. Plasma kinetics are unaltered if renal function is negated by bilateral ligation of all renal blood vessels. Preliminary studies have indicated that atracurium does not cross the placenta to a significant extent and that the drug can be used safety in Caesarean section. PMID- 6688014 TI - Atracurium: conception and inception. AB - The rationale underlying the design of atracurium, a bis-quaternary ammonium neuromuscular blocking agent which incorporates the Hofmann elimination as a novel biodegradation pathway, is described. Destruction in vivo, of the bis quaternary structure essential for neuromuscular blocking activity, by the combination of Hofmann elimination and a parallel ester hydrolysis leads to innocuous breakdown products that are without neuromuscular or cardiovascular effects and to a time-course of action which is unaffected by the level of plasma esterase activity, renal or hepatic function. PMID- 6688015 TI - Combined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of a single bolus dose of atracurium. AB - Simultaneous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measurements were made in six patients following atracurium 0.3 mg kg-1. Good correlation between plasma concentration and response for all patients gave an EC50 of 0.29 +/- 0.04 (SD) microgram ml-1 and a Hill coefficient of 4.6 +/- 0.5 (SD). PMID- 6688016 TI - Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and dose-response relationships of atracurium administered i.v. AB - A complete pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model for the novel non depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent atracurium is proposed, which accounts for tetanic and single twitch responses after any i.v. administration of this drug. The means and standard deviations of the kinetic parameters are given from studies in 19 patients, and the pharmacodynamic parameters from eight patients in whom plasma drug concentrations and dynamic responses were recorded concurrently. Similarities in dynamic parameters are noted for atracurium administered to cats, and for other non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents in man. The use of this approach allows clinicians to understand and rationalize all the features associated with the time-course of blockade after varied i.v. regimens, but more importantly, allows them to design any required neuromuscular blocking profile which will also result in minimal drug loading of their patients. PMID- 6688017 TI - Clinical assessment of atracurium using the single twitch and tetanic responses of the adductor pollicis muscles. AB - Atracurium has been evaluated in anaesthetized patients using the single twitch and tetanic responses of the adductor pollicis muscles. I.v. doses of 0.3-0.9 mg kg-1 produced complete neuromuscular block. In the dose range used mean arterial pressure was only decreased by about 20% of control for a few minutes after 0.9 mg kg-1 which was three times the standard dose. Changes in heart rate were minimal. The onset of maximum block of the tetanic response was faster and the subsequent block was greater and more prolonged than that of the single twitch. Intubation of the trachea could be accomplished when blockade of the tetanic response was complete and at a time when the single twitch was only slightly depressed. It was concluded that the tetanic response provided a more accurate assessment of the time-course of neuromuscular blockade than the single twitch. Infusion studies demonstrated that recovery from full neuromuscular blockade after a 30- or 60-min infusion was as rapid as that after bolus doses of atracurium 0.3-0.9 mg kg-1 and this could be regarded as further evidence of the lack of cumulative effects. PMID- 6688018 TI - Assessment of tetanic fade following atracurium. AB - The records of the recovery pattern of 30 patients given atracurium 0.2-0.9 mg kg 1 were studied. Recovery of the sustained tetanic contraction did not follow an exponential curve as had previously been assumed. However, it did fit a logistic curve so that the plot of logit blockade against time was linear between 99% and 5% blockade. The results support the previous claim that the rate of recovery is independent of dose and that the effects of atracurium are not cumulative in the clinical dose range. The use of the logit transformation may also prove helpful in the analysis of the single twitch contraction during recovery from neuromuscular blockade by atracurium. PMID- 6688019 TI - Reversal of atracurium with edrophonium. AB - The antagonistic action of a bolus dose of edrophonium 0.75 mg kg-1 on the neuromuscular blockade induced by atracurium was studied in 10 patients anaesthetized with nitrous oxide and narcotic supplements. The reversal agent was administered when the twitch height had recovered spontaneously to approximately 20% of control. Twitch response was restored to 100% of control after 4.7 +/- 2.2 min. Clinically adequate reversal (train-of-four ratio of 75% or better) was achieved 6.6 +/- 1.5 min following injection of the edrophonium and there was no evidence of subsequent muscle weakness. The possible advantages of the clinical use of edrophonium in producing a rapid reversal of atracurium blockade are discussed. PMID- 6688020 TI - Neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of atracurium during nitrous oxide fentanyl and nitrous oxide-isoflurane anaesthesia. AB - The neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of atracurium were compared during nitrous oxide-isoflurane and nitrous oxide-fentanyl anaesthesia in healthy surgical patients. The dose-response curve was shifted significantly to the left during nitrous oxide-isoflurane anaesthesia (ED50 0.068 mg kg-1) as compared with nitrous oxide-fentanyl anaesthesia (ED50 0.083 mg kg-1). For equipotent doses, the time course of neuromuscular effects (onset and duration) was not appreciably different between the nitrous oxide-isoflurane group and the nitrous oxide fentanyl group. Minimal cardiovascular effects were observed from atracurium in doses up to 0.5 mg kg-1. Using comparisons from earlier studies, atracurium was approximately one-quarter as potent as pancuronium and vecuronium (Org NC 45). The onset time (time from injection to peak effect) for subparalytic doses of atracurium was approximately 6.5 min and is comparable to the onset time for equipotent doses of pancuronium and vecuronium. The duration of neuromuscular effects of atracurium (time from injection to 95% recovery) was approximately 20 min for subparalytic doses and is the same as that of vecuronium and one-third to one-half that of pancuronium. It is concluded that the peak effect of atracurium is enhanced more by nitrous oxide-isoflurane than by nitrous oxide-fentanyl anaesthesia, but for equipotent doses the time-course is the same. PMID- 6688021 TI - Modification of atracurium blockade by halothane and by suxamethonium. A review of clinical experience. AB - The effects of halothane and of prior administration of suxamethonium on atracurium neuromuscular blockade have been investigated. Halothane potentiated the intensity of block produced by atracurium 0.1 or 0.15 mg kg-1. Duration of block was prolonged (27%) by halothane with a small dose of atracurium (0.15 mg kg-1) and was also prolonged (29%) with larger doses of atracurium (0.4 mg kg-1). Prior suxamethonium 1 mg kg-1 increased the intensity of block after atracurium 0.15 mg kg-1 from 52% (control) to 84%, but caused minimal change in duration of atracurium blockade. PMID- 6688022 TI - Haemodynamic effects of atracurium in surgical patients under nitrous oxide, oxygen and isoflurane anaesthesia. AB - The haemodynamic effects of atracurium were studied in 16 patients (ASA I and II) undergoing major surgical procedures under nitrous oxide, oxygen and isoflurane anaesthesia. Atracurium was administered in two doses 0.2 and 0.4 mg kg-1 in the presence of 1.25 MAC isoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen. There were no significant changes in mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance or central venous pressure with either dose. There were statistically significant alterations in heart rate and cardiac index at the 10-min observation in those patients receiving atracurium 0.4 mg kg-1. These changes were deemed to be clinically unimportant in this group of patients. There was no indication of histamine release manifested in the form of allergic reaction or decrease in systemic resistance. It is concluded that those two doses of atracurium have no untoward side-effects on cardiovascular performance at least in this group of healthy patients. PMID- 6688023 TI - Haemodynamic effects of atracurium during enflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. PMID- 6688024 TI - Intubation conditions after atracurium and suxamethonium. AB - Conditions for endotracheal intubation provided by different dose regimens of atracurium 0.4 mg kg-1 and 0.5 mg kg-1 were studied and compared with each other and with suxamethonium 1.0 mg kg-1. Intubation was attempted at 2.5, 2 min and 1.5 min following a bolus dose of atracurium, and 1 min following suxamethonium. Ease of intubation was rated excellent in 90-100% of all patients studied. Atracurium, when administered 5 min following recovery from a suxamethonium induced block, had a significantly faster onset of neuromuscular blockade (P less than 0.01) than the onset observed following atracurium alone. Administration of atracurium 0.42 mg kg-1 3 min after an initial dose of 0.08 mg kg-1 of the drug produced a significantly more rapid onset of block when compared with a bolus dose of 0.5 mg kg-1 (P less than 0.02). PMID- 6688025 TI - Conditions for tracheal intubation using atracurium compared with pancuronium. AB - Intubating conditions were compared using atracurium 0.6 and 0.8 mg kg-1 and pancuronium 0.08 and 0.1 mg kg-1 in 96 patients. They were randomly allocated and studied at 30, 45, 60 or 75 s after injection of the drug. Smooth intubation was not possible before 60 s with either drug and in 11 patients intubation could not be achieved at the chosen time. Atracurium 0.6 mg kg-1 and pancuronium 0.08 mg kg 1 gave comparable results. Atracurium 0.8 mg kg-1 gave intubating conditions comparable to those obtained with pancuronium 0.1 mg kg-1 at 45 and 75 s and slightly better conditions at 30 and 60 s. PMID- 6688027 TI - Superior vena cava obstruction due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. PMID- 6688026 TI - Comparison of the effects of atracurium and tubocurarine on heart rate and arterial pressure in anaesthetized man. AB - The effects of atracurium and tubocurarine on heart rate and arterial pressure were studied in anaesthetized patients. A bolus of 0.6 mg kg-1 of either atracurium or tubocurarine was administered. Following atracurium, the change in heart rate was minimal (mean +/- SEM: -1.6 +/- 1.3 beat min-1) whereas after tubocurarine heart rate was increased (mean +/- SEM: +9.9 +/- 1.9 beat min-1). Atracurium produced a transient decrease in arterial pressure in 28% of subjects; by the 4th min after its injection the change was minimal (mean +/- SEM: -1.5 +/- 1.1 mm Hg). Tubocurarine produced an initial decrease in mean arterial pressure in all patients, of up to 50% of control values. In the 4th min following its injection arterial pressure was still significantly different from control (mean +/- SEM: -10 +/- 1.5 mm Hg). Endotracheal intubation caused an increase in arterial pressure in all subjects. It is concluded that atracurium has minimal effects on heart rate and arterial pressure when compared with tubocurarine. It does not appear to have a vagal blocking action. PMID- 6688028 TI - Phospholipids chiral at phosphorus. Preparation and spectral properties of chiral thiophospholipids. AB - The thiophospholipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine (DPPsC) was shown to be a mixture of two diastereomers by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. The isomer that resonates at the lower field in CDCl3 (56.12 ppm) was designated as isomer A and the other (resonates at 56.07 ppm) as isomer B. Phospholipase A2 from four different sources (bee venom, Naja naja venom, Crotalus adamanteus venom, and porcine pancreas) was shown to hydrolyze the isomer B of DPPsC specifically, whereas phospholipase C from two different sources (Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens) hydrolyzes isomer A specifically. So that the two diastereomers could be separated, DPPsC(A + B) was first digested with phospholipase A2 to give 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine (MPPsC) (which is designated as isomer B of MPPsC) and the unreacted DPPsC(A). Reacylation of MPPsC(B) gave pure DPPsC(B). The properties of DPPsC(A) and DPPsC(B) were investigated by 31P, 13C, 1H, and 14N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 1H and 13C NMR showed that both isomers in methanol solution have conformational properties similar to those of the natural phospholipid, 1,2 dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. On the other hand, the two isomers A and B showed small but significant differences in the chemical shifts of the carbon in the chiral carbon center and the phosphorus in the chiral phosphorus center. PMID- 6688030 TI - Thermodynamic properties of the lipid bilayer transition. Pseudocritical phenomena. AB - Ultrasonic relaxation of multilamellar liposomes formed from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine was measured near the gel-to-liquid crystal transition by a differential ultrasonic resonator. The relaxation time and strength increased remarkably near the transition temperature, indicating a pseudocritical phenomenon. A quantitative analysis of the relaxation in terms of thermodynamic relationships between specific heat, thermal-expansion coefficient, and compressibility showed that more than 90% of the total endothermic heat of the transition arises from the latent heat. The temperature dependence of the ultrasonic relaxation parameters was also analyzed by the Landau theory; we obtain a small but finite difference, 0.6 degree C, between the pseudocritical temperature and the transition temperature. These results provide a quantitative description of both the first-order and second-order characters of the gel-to liquid crystal transition. PMID- 6688031 TI - Application of mass spectrometry in the regulatory analysis of pesticides and industrial chemicals in food and feed commodities. AB - During regulatory analysis of pesticides and industrial chemicals, compounds are frequently encountered which cannot be readily identified by gas chromatography alone on two or more stationary phases. Such incurred unknown analytical responses are examined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, particularly if they have been shown to contain P, S, N or halogen via specific gas chromatography detectors. Seven case histories are presented to illustrate the analytical approach adopted to structurally elucidate such compounds at the ppm level. These examples demonstrate the potential complementary combination provided by low resolution electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry in structural determinations. PMID- 6688029 TI - Transient respiratory difficulty following cesarian delivery. AB - 57 newborn infants delivered by planned, repeat cesarian section were studied to determine the role of surfactant in transient neonatal respiratory distress. 22.8% of the newborn infants studied had transient tachypnea of the newborn. The mean amniotic fluid lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) was 2.8 in normal infants and 2.6 in infants with transient tachypnea. The mean gastric aspirate L/S at the time of delivery was 3.0 in the normal infants and 2.7 in infants with transient tachypnea. There were no statistically significant differences in either amniotic fluid L/S or gastric aspirate L/S. Based on these results we speculate that, despite altered lung mechanics in neonates with transient tachypnea, lung maturity as determined by L/S ratio does not differ from that of normal neonates. PMID- 6688033 TI - Cochlear implants. PMID- 6688032 TI - Stage I-II Hodgkin's disease: current therapeutic options and recommendations. PMID- 6688034 TI - Reiter's disease: a sexually transmitted disease? PMID- 6688035 TI - Studies on lymphomata. III. Lymphomata, granulomata and tuberculosis. AB - The presence of isolated epithelioid granulomata (EG) in the tissue samples of patients with malignant lymphomata (MT) has been related to a better prognosis. Miliary tuberculosis (MT) is frequent in Mexico (2.1 per 1000 patients at the Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion), where physicians dealing with the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of patients with ML and EG face the problem of differentiating the latter due to concurrent MT or to the neoplasm. Twenty-five patients with ML + MT and seven with ML + EG without MT were identified along 12 years; 32 ML patients matched according to age, sex, stage, type of ML and treatment were selected and their survival compared with that of the former groups. The prevalence of MT in ML patients was 35 times higher than that of the general population (P less than 0.001). Even though 6 and 18 month survival in patients with ML and MT or EG was higher than that of ML alone, differences are insignificant. It is concluded that the coexistence of MT and ML does not worsen the prognosis of ML; the high prevalence of MT in ML patients in selected countries could lead to the routinary administration of prophilactic antituberculous treatment. PMID- 6688036 TI - Menstrual cycle, pregnancies and offspring before and after MOPP therapy for Hodgkin's disease. AB - The menstrual cycle, pregnancies and offspring were studied before and after MOPP therapy (3 or 6 cycles) in women treated for Hodgkin's disease between 1972 and 1976. All were between 16 and 45 years of age at diagnosis; none received subdiaphragmatic irradiation. This study was carried out through a questionnaire. Before treatment, all patients had normal menses; 72 pregnancies occurred; 61 children were born, 2 with minor abnormalities. After therapy, oligo or amenorrhea occurred in 26.4% of the patients. This percentage was different according to the age at therapy: 4.8% before age 30, 61.5% after age 30 (P less than 0.001); 50 women (73.6%) continued to menstruate normally, 22 of whom had 30 pregnancies; 22 children were born, 1 with a minor abnormality. All have normal physical and intellectual development. For the 73.6% of women who continued to menstruate, MOPP therapy seems to have no impact on fertility, pregnancies, and offspring. PMID- 6688037 TI - Ventricular fibrillation following AMSA. Uncomplicated retreatment following correction of hypokalemia. AB - A patient is presented who developed ventricular fibrillation following AMSA treatment, in the setting of hypokalemia. Resuscitation was successful, chemotherapy treatment response was observed, and further treatment with AMSA was uncomplicated after correction of the hypokalemia. With careful attention to electrolyte balance, a prior history of AMSA-induced cardiac arrhythmia does not contraindicate further treatment with AMSA. PMID- 6688038 TI - Comment on "The methodologic dilemma in retrospectively correlating the amount of chemotherapy received in adjuvant therapy protocols with disease-free survival". PMID- 6688040 TI - [Endocrine orbitopathy from the viewpoint of the ophthalmologist]. PMID- 6688039 TI - Evolutionary history of a multigene family: an expressed human beta-tubulin gene and three processed pseudogenes. AB - A 3' untranslated region subclone from a human beta-tubulin cDNA clone has been used to dissect the human beta-tubulin multigene family. Four different beta tubulin sequences were obtained. One consists of an expressed gene that yields two mRNA species of 1.8 kb and 2.6 kb as a consequence of alternative polyadenylation sites. The three remaining beta-tubulin sequences are all intronless pseudogenes, each containing a 3' poly(A) tract downstream from the poly(A) signal, and each flanked by a different short direct repeat. Two of these sequences were derived by integration into the host germ line of cDNA copies of the 1.8 kb mRNA; the third was derived from the 2.6 kb mRNA. Comparison of the functional and nonfunctional sequences suggests that the integration events took place 4, 10, and 13 million years ago. We anticipate that, in multigene families where germ-line expression occurs, a significant portion of sequences will be accounted for by pseudogenes generated via an RNA intermediate. PMID- 6688041 TI - [Surgical procedures in endocrine orbitopathy]. PMID- 6688042 TI - Metabolism of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic N-nitroso-N-methylaminopyridines. II. Investigations in vivo. AB - A comparative study of in vivo metabolism of isomeric N-nitroso-N methylaminopyridines (NMPY) by analysis of urinary metabolites showed remarkable qualitative and quantitative differences in metabolic pathways. After oral application of the carcinogenic and mutagenic 2-NMPY to BD VI rats only 2 hydroxypyridine and 2-aminopyridine were excreted in urine. 2-Hydroxypyridine most probably is formed after activation of the parent compound by alpha-C hydroxylation, demethylation and hydrolysis of the putative pyridine-2-diazonium intermediate. Evidence is presented that 2-amino-pyridine is generated by the same pathway after reductive cleavage of pyridine-azobonds formed by coupling of the diazonium intermediate to various nucleophiles. No metabolites derived from deactivating pathways and no unchanged 2-NMPY were detected in urine. After oral application of non-carcinogenic 4-NMPY, only the parent compound, its N-oxide and a ring hydroxylated metabolite with intact N-nitroso structure were found, together with 4-aminopyridine. Formation of the latter is thought to result from demethylation of the denitrosation product 4-methylaminopyridine. In contrast to metabolism of carcinogenic 2-NMPY, no 4-hydroxypyridine, indicative for activation of 4-NMPY to a diazonium intermediate, was detectable in urine. PMID- 6688043 TI - Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine in amniotic fluid quantified by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry. AB - Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPC) is quantified by taking advantage of stable isotope-labeled d9-DPC as internal standard. Use of a mass spectrometer to measure the ratio of d9/d0 makes this procedure a quantitative one. d9-DPC was synthesized by refluxing dipalmitoylethanolamine with d3-methyl iodide in methanol in the presence of sodium bicarbonate for 26 h. The yield of d9 phosphatidylcholine (d9-lecithin) was 89% after column-chromatographic purification. Fast atom bombardment was used to desorb the preformed phosphatidylcholine ions in a mass spectrometer of Nier-Johnson geometry. In our assessment of accuracy and precision of this technique, we found a correlation coefficient of 0.9994 between signal and sample concentration. The method was less precise when the total d0- plus d9-DPC was less than 0.2 micrograms or when the ratio of d0- to d9-lecithin exceeded 100. The within-run CV was about 1.0%. The amount of DPC in amniotic fluid samples assessed by mass spectrometry was compared with results for total phosphatidylcholine quantified by thin-layer chromatography. The fate of DPC in various laboratory manipulations was also studied. PMID- 6688044 TI - Anti-tubulin antibodies in autoimmune thyroid disorders. AB - The presence of circulating antibodies directed against a cytoskeletal element, microtubules, in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders, has been studied using pure brain tubulin as antigen. Immune complexes were immunoprecipitated using a goat anti-human immunoglobulin antibody. Twenty sera among 48 (41%) from patients with Graves' disease and nine sera among 16 (56%) from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had increased levels of anti-tubulin antibodies as compared to that of 26 sera from control subjects. Only one serum among 11 from patients with toxic adenoma was positive. Very similar results were obtained using protein A adsorbent to collect immune complexes. Specificity of the tubulin binding activity was ascertained by dilution of the sera and displacement of tracer tubulin by unlabelled pure tubulin from rat or human brain. Anti-tubulin antibody titres were variable; one serum was positive at dilution higher than 1:15,000, a titre similar to those obtained in animals experimentally immunized against tubulin. Binding of labelled and unlabelled tubulin to immunoglobulins from positive sera was strictly competitive. The apparent affinity constant for the binding of tubulin to human anti-tubulin autoantibodies determined on four sera was 0.2-0.6 X 10(9)/M. There was no significant association between anti tubulin antibodies and anti-microsomal antibodies or anti-thyroglobulin antibodies or thyroid stimulating antibodies. In contrast, only five to six per cent of sera from patients with other autoimmune diseases: lupus erythematosis or pernicious anaemia, had increased levels of anti-tubulin antibodies. In conclusion, tubulin represents a new autoantigen which is expressed rather specifically in autoimmune thyroid disorders and probably independently from the classical thyroid antigens. PMID- 6688045 TI - Pseudo-obstruction of the colon following cesarean section. A review. AB - Pseudo-obstruction of the colon is characterized by an adynamic unobstructed colon which rapidly progresses to marked dilatation of the cecum and transverse colon. Disagreements exist regarding the etiology or pathogenesis of this syndrome; it has been associated with metabolic, traumatic, postoperative, and idiopathic causes. In reviewing the literature we have concluded that in pseudo obstruction of the colon after cesarean section, the mean age of occurrence is 35 years. The symptoms occur in the first 72 hours after operation. Straight x-ray examination of the abdomen is the most useful diagnostic measure. All cecal perforations occurred by the fifth postoperative day. For this reason, we recommend early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention before that time. In cases when the cecal distention is 12 cm or more, decompression is urgent. PMID- 6688046 TI - Radioimmunoassay and intramural distribution of PHI-IR in human intestine. AB - The objective of this study was to develop a radioimmunoassay for PHI and use this to assess its intramural distribution in the human intestine. The antibody was harvested following immunization with porcine PHI conjugated to bovine serum albumin by glutaraldehyde, and the iodinated PHI tracer was prepared by the Iodo gen method. The assay system showed no cross-reaction with other members of the glucagon-secretin family of peptides and was sensitive to changes of PHI of 2 fmol/tube (95% confidence). High concentrations of immunoreactive PHI were found in the human intestine, exclusively localized in the nonendocrine gut layers, suggesting a possible neuroendocrinological or neurotransmitter role for PHI. PMID- 6688047 TI - Estimating LD50 using the probit technique: a BASIC computer program. PMID- 6688048 TI - The nucleotide sequence of cDNA complementary to the C1 component of rat prostatic binding protein. AB - The mRNA for component C1 of rat prostatic binding protein has been cloned and characterized. A partially purified mRNA fraction for this complex protein was reverse-transcribed into double-stranded cDNA and cloned into the PstI site of plasmid pBR 322. The 426-base-pair insert of the recombinant plasmid pC1A75 was completely sequenced. The coding region corresponds precisely to the 88 amino acid residues of C1 and in addition contains the information of a signal peptide of 23 residues. The 5' non-coding region counts only 19 nucleotides and is incomplete but the 3'-terminal non-coding part of 60 nucleotides extends into the poly(A) tail. Sequence analysis of other C1-positive clones indicates the presence of sequence rearrangements which must have occurred during the cloning procedure. Possible mechanisms for the generation of these cloning artefacts are discussed. PMID- 6688049 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of doxycycline polyphosphate+ after simultaneous ingestion of milk. AB - Pharmacokinetic parameters of doxycycline polyphosphate were studied in healthy volunteers after oral administration of a single 200 mg dose of this antibiotic with a breakfast containing or not 200 ml of whole milk. Ingestion of milk had only mild effect upon absorption parameters of doxycycline; only a moderate increase of the lag-time was significant. Elimination parameters of doxycycline were impaired by milk; a decrease of the terminal half-life from 28 h to 15 h, and apparent decrease of the enterohepatic circulation and an increase in total body clearance from 40 to 62 ml/min. were observed. PMID- 6688050 TI - Antagonism of the anxiolytic action of diazepam and chlordiazepoxide by the novel imidazopyridines, EMD 39593 and EMD 41717. AB - The imidazopyridines EMD 35993 and EMD 41717 antagonized the anticonflict actions of diazepam and chlordiazepoxide in rodent models which are predictive for anxiolytic action in man. In contrast to other described benzodiazepine antagonists, these compounds did not antagonize either the anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant properties of either benzodiazepine. Both EMD 39593 and EMD 41717 competitively inhibit the binding of [3H]diazepam to brain membranes, but do not exhibit regional differences in potency. These observations suggest that both EMD 39593 and EMD 41717 display some selectivity in antagonizing the anxiolytic properties of benzodiazepines, and as such may be useful tools in identifying neuronal substrates of anxiety. PMID- 6688051 TI - Skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase. A refined structural model. AB - A hydrodynamic, enzymatic and CD spectroscopic study of skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase, three proteolytic fragments and corresponding complexes with calmodulin was performed. A refined shape model was built for the enzyme. It was shown that a head-and-tail structure is formed from two major fragments which are aligned end-to-end. The one fragment (Mr 36000) is compact, of high alpha-helix content and contains the catalytic center with the light chain and the calmodulin binding domains. The other fragment (Mr 33000) with unknown function is asymmetric (a/b greater than 10), of low alpha-helix and of unusually high proline content. PMID- 6688052 TI - Genes for elongation factor EF-1 alpha in the brine shrimp Artemia. AB - A plasmid carrying a cDNA sequence coding for elongation factor EF-1 alpha from Artemia was used to probe blots of mRNA and chromosomal DNA from Artemia. A messenger length for EF-1 alpha corresponding to 1850 nucleotides was found. Southern blots pointed to a limited number (1-4) of genes, coding for EF-1 alpha. From an Artemia gene library a recombinant phage was isolated, which contains genomic sequences of EF-1 alpha. S1-nuclease mapping indicated the presence of intervening sequences within this cloned gene. PMID- 6688053 TI - [Vitamin D metabolism in myositis ossificans progressiva]. PMID- 6688054 TI - Interactions between sperm and sea urchin egg jelly. AB - The addition of egg jelly to sea urchin sperm induces multiple changes in morphology and behavior. When jelly is added to sperm diluted in seawater, the acrosome reaction is triggered, the mitochondrion rounds up, the internal pH is transiently alkalinized and then reacidified, and respiration becomes uncoupled and rapidly decreases. Sperm also become unable to fertilize eggs within a few minutes after jelly addition. In order to explore in more detail the effect of egg jelly on sperm, we have studied the response to jelly in the presence of inhibitors of the acrosome reaction. When jelly is added to sperm under conditions which are inhibitory for the acrosome reaction, an alkalinization takes place without the subsequent reacidification, the mitochondria remain coupled, and respiration and intracellular ATP levels remain high. Sperm viability is prolonged by some of these conditions, but not others. The addition of jelly to sperm in the absence of calcium elicits an internal alkalinization but no other rapid change in sperm physiology. The capacity of egg jelly to alter sperm physiology even when the overall acrosome reaction is inhibited indicates that some of the physiological changes either are early events in the triggering pathway that happen before the inhibitory step or are unrelated to the acrosomal reaction itself. The reacidification of the internal pH, the uncoupling and decrease of the respiration, and the decrease of the ATP levels might be linked together by the large influx of calcium that occurs after the acrosome reaction. PMID- 6688056 TI - Quantitative properties of Muller cells in rabbit retina as revealed by histochemical demonstration of NADH-diaphorase activity. AB - Muller cells in rabbit retina were selectively stained by demonstrating NADH diaphorase activity. After the sections were measured by light microscopy, the following properties of Muller cells were found: (a) independent of the retinal localization, one Muller cell corresponds with a retinal volume of 15,000 microns 3, i.e., with 11 photoreceptor cells, 2 neurons of the inner nuclear layer, and 0.3-1 ganglion cells; (b) the Muller cell population represents about 6.8% of the total retinal volume; (c) the sorbitol accumulation of Muller cells in diabetic retinopathy is said to be unable to cause osmotic damage. PMID- 6688057 TI - The effect of betamethasone on duodenal calcium absorption and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 production in the chick. AB - Duodenal absorption of calcium, renal 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase activity, percentage bone ash, growth rate and plasma levels of Ca and P were all measured in chicks which had been treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid, betamethasone, at the therapeutic dose level of 25 microgram/kg daily. It was found that treatment for 2-3 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in Ca absorption rate, renal 1-hydroxylase activity and growth rate but an increase in bone ash and plasma Ca. If betamethasone was administered for 10 days and then stopped 4-13 days before these parameters were measured, a compensatory increase was found in 1-hydroxylase activity while the Ca absorption rate attained control values in all but the 4 day group in which it was still significantly depressed. It was concluded that a therapeutic dose level of betamethasone depresses both duodenal Ca absorption and renal 1-hydroxylase activity although there may be no direct causal relationship between these two parameters. Recovery was complete in 5-7 days after cessation of treatment. PMID- 6688055 TI - The glycaemic index of foods tested in diabetic patients: a new basis for carbohydrate exchange favouring the use of legumes. AB - Recently diabetic patients have been encouraged to increase their carbohydrate intake, but exact details of which foods to use are lacking. To determine whether sufficiently large differences existed to justify more specific dietary advice, we compared the glycaemic responses to 50 g carbohydrate portions of different foods, taken as breakfast test meals by groups of five to seven diabetic patients. Two- to threefold differences were seen amongst the 15 foods tested. The glycaemic responses for spaghetti, 'All-bran', rice and beans were significantly below those for bread, while 'Cornflakes' were above. Factors predicted to influence this were without effect, including: substituting wholemeal for white bread, increasing substantially the simple sugars (using 'All bran' or bananas instead of wholemeal bread) and doubling meal protein by adding cottage cheese to bread. Paired comparisons of the glycaemic response to the five legumes with those of the seven other starchy foods (breads, spaghetti, rice, Cornflakes, oatmeal porridge and potatoes) showed that the mean peak rise in blood glucose concentration and mean area under the glucose curve after beans were 23 and 28% lower, respectively, than the mean for the other foods (p less than 0.001). Such results suggest a potentially valuable role for dried leguminous seeds in carbohydrate exchanges for individuals with impaired carbohydrate tolerance. These large differences in blood glucose response to different food cannot at present be predicted directly from tables of chemical composition. Nevertheless, physiological testing may both aid in understanding the factors responsible and help selection of the appropriate carbohydrate foods for the diabetic diet. PMID- 6688058 TI - Acute effect of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 on calcitonin secretion in rats. PMID- 6688060 TI - Software program matches nurses to patients. PMID- 6688061 TI - State-of-the-art system handles children's hospital's data load. PMID- 6688062 TI - The association of a lymphoreticular malignancy with an 11q deletion: a coincidence or a cancer susceptibility? AB - A balanced paternal chromosome insertion, ins(11) p14q14q21, resulted in a female with an unbalanced karyotype, del(11)(q14q21). This imbalance presumably arose from a meiotic crossover between the breakpoint of the insertion and the breakpoints of the deletion. This child developed a malignant lymphoma of the thymus in the first year of life. The association of a lymphoma with an 11q deletion may not be a coincidence in view of the frequent involvement of 11q in cytogenetic alterations of lymphomas. PMID- 6688059 TI - Programming to combine the calculator with the computer. PMID- 6688063 TI - A programming discipline for laboratory computing. PMID- 6688064 TI - Effects of molsidomine on exercise tolerance in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - We performed a double-blind crossover study with molsidomine in 10 patients with coronary heart disease. A single dose of molsidomine and placebo were given sublingually 1 hour before an exercise tolerance test. Molsidomine significantly reduced systolic blood pressure at rest and at all work-loads. There was also a significant reduction in electrocardiographic ST-segment depression at submaximal exercise. At maximal exercise the drug significantly increased symptom-limited oxygen consumption and total mechanical work. Molsidomine could prove useful in the treatment of angina pectoris. It has no adverse effects on pulmonary function. PMID- 6688065 TI - A secondary outbreak of hepatitis B among contacts of drug-abusers in Dublin. PMID- 6688066 TI - A case of carcinomatous meningitis with papilledema as the only symptom: favorable response to intrathecal chemotherapy. PMID- 6688067 TI - Failure factors in multi-institutional systems formation. PMID- 6688068 TI - Central retinal arteries in hyperoxemia, and a possible role of fundusscopy in prevention of retrolental fibroplasia (retinopathia praematurorum). AB - Width and tortuosity of the central retinal arteries have been measured on fundus photographs of 9 full-term newborns under intensive care taken at least once in normoxemia and once in inadvertent hyperoxemia. In agreement with previous investigators no correlation was found between the actual paO2 and width of the arterioles. This is newly explained as a modification of the effect of paO2 on the vessel through acute asphyxia and adaptational phenomena. In opposition to the commonly accepted view on prevention of retrolental fibroplasia it is felt that the use of fundusscopy during intensive care should be reconsidered. PMID- 6688070 TI - Energy density of diet in relation to energy intake of preschool children from urban and rural communities of different economic status. AB - Energy intake, total volume (bulk) and the energy density (kcal/ml) of the diets of preschool children of middle and lower-middle economic groups from an urban area and of a rural low economic group were examined. The energy intake of children from the urban area was higher than that of the children from the rural area. The total solid intake in the three groups was not different. However, the energy density of the diets (kcal/ml) of the urban preschool children (1.17 kcal/ml or 4.74 kJ/ml) was significantly higher as compared to the energy density of the diets of rural children (0.74 kcal/ml or 2.94 kJ/ml). The urban children of higher income groups had a much higher intake of fat and milk than the rural poor children, which accounts for the differences in the energy densities of their diets. The results of this study suggest that one of the reasons for low energy intake of rural poor preschool children may be the low energy density of their diets. PMID- 6688069 TI - Measurement of lipase activity of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages with 4 methylumbelliferyl-oleate. PMID- 6688071 TI - The physiologic response of the nose to osteopathic manipulative treatment: preliminary report. PMID- 6688073 TI - Immunosuppression associated with lymphosarcoma in two horses. PMID- 6688072 TI - Combined modality treatment of gastric cancer. AB - In a series of 46 patients with localized gastric cancer treated at Massachusetts General Hospital, problems with excessive acute or chronic toxicity due to combination treatment with irradiation (XRT) and chemotherapy (CT) were not seen. Forty of the 46 received combined treatment with 2 regimens: 1) Irradiation plus concomitant 3 days of 5-FU followed by maintenance 5-FU or combined drugs--26 patients; 2) In the other 14 patients, the sequence of irradiation and chemotherapy was altered. A single course of combined drug chemotherapy was given prior to irradiation and 5-6 additional courses were administered after completion of XRT (CT-XRT-CT). The drug combination was initially 5-FU-BCNU but this was changed to FAM (5-FU, Adriamycin, Mitomycin C). Irradiation was delivered to tightly contoured portals using shaped blocks to spare as much small bowel, kidney and marrow as possible while giving 4500-5200 rad in 25 to 29 fractions over 5 to 6 weeks. In this series, there were no cases of septicemia or any deaths related to treatment. A 3 year survival rate of about 20% was achieved for the total group of patients and 43% in the group with resection but at high risk for later failure. Our inability to improve these numbers is undoubtedly a result of dose limitations with external beam irradiation combined with a systemic failure problem. When irradiation is combined with surgical resection of all or a majority of tumor, both survival and local control appear to be better than in the unresected patient group. Only 4 of 29 patients (14%) with curative resection, or resection but residual disease, had later evidence of failure within the irradiation field as opposed to 6 of 9 or 66% in the group with unresectable disease. PMID- 6688074 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of tartrazine in rice milk following ion-pair extraction with tri-n-octylamine. PMID- 6688075 TI - Inhibitory effect of 6-azauracil on purified rabbit liver 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. AB - Among uracil derivatives investigated, 6-azauracil, 6-azathymine, and 5 iodouracil were found to be potent inhibitors of purified rabbit liver 4 aminobutyrate aminotransferase while 6-azauridine and 6-azauridine 5'-phosphate were not. The enzyme inhibited by 6-azauracil was reactivated by dialysis but not by addition of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. 6-Azauracil acted as a non-competitive inhibitor with respect to beta-alanine as well as 2-oxoglutaric acid, and had a K1 of approximately 0.7 mM at pH 7.3. The kinetic data suggested that 2 oxoglutaric acid acted as an inhibitor as well as an amino acceptor for the enzyme; a catalytic site was associated with an apparent Km of 0.15 mM for 2 oxoglutaric acid and a low affinity site was associated with an I50 of approximately 5 mM for the 2-oxo acid. With inhibitory concentrations of 2 oxoglutaric acid as substrate the inhibitory effect of 6-azauracil was considerably diminished. From these findings, the inhibitory effect of 6 azauracil was revealed to be different from that of structural analogs of 4 aminobutyric acid showing that 6-azauracil is a new type of 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitor. PMID- 6688076 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA encoding a tadpole beta-globin polypeptide of Xenopus laevis. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a cloned cDNA derived from the mRNA encoding an abundant Xenopus laevis tadpole beta-globin polypeptide. The cloned sequence contains the entire coding region of the mRNA as well as most of its 5'- and 3' -noncoding regions. The complete amino acid sequence of the protein has been deduced. Comparison of this sequence with that of the major adult beta globin polypeptide of X. laevis shows that the two gene products are highly diverged from each other, the tadpole sequence actually displaying a somewhat greater homology to the human beta-like globin sequences than to the adult frog sequence. An unusual feature of the predicted tadpole beta-globin polypeptide is the presence of a phenylalanine residue at its carboxyl terminus. All known amphibian, avian, and mammalian beta-globin polypeptides have a COOH-terminal histidine residue, and this amino acid is known to play a major role in the alkaline Bohr effect. This observation suggests that, as has been found for two fish hemoglobins which also have a COOH-terminal phenylalanine residue, the tadpole hemoglobin of X. laevis will display a much reduced alkaline Bohr effect. PMID- 6688077 TI - Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and its mRNA in rat liver as studied with a monoclonal antibody and a cDNA probe. AB - A monoclonal antibody directed against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase and a cDNA to reductase mRNA were used to study the subunit structure of the enzyme and the regulation of its mRNA in rat liver. Although the monoclonal antibody and the cDNA were made with materials from cultured hamster cells, the two reagents cross-reacted with reductase protein and mRNA from rat liver. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with monoclonal antibody, the subunit molecular weight of rat liver reductase was 90,000. When the enzyme was solubilized from microsomes by freeze-thawing, the subunit molecular weight was reduced to 52,000-58,000, owing to proteolysis. This proteolysis was inhibited by EGTA and leupeptin. The cDNA probe for reductase, radiolabeled with 32P, hybridized to restriction fragments of genomic DNA from rat liver, as visualized by Southern blot analysis. In the livers of control rats, no reductase mRNA was detected when the 32P-cDNA was blot hybridized to poly(A+) RNA. Hepatic reductase activity was increased 45-fold when rats were fed cholestyramine and mevinolin. Under these conditions, the amount of immunodetectable reductase protein rose by 33-fold, and the reductase mRNA became visible by blot hybridization as a band of approximately 4 kilobases in length. When the mevinolin/cholestyramine-treated rats were fed cholesterol, reductase activity and immunodetectable protein declined markedly and the reductase mRNA was reduced to barely detectable levels. We conclude that treatment with cholestyramine and mevinolin increases the amount of reductase protein in rat liver by elevating the amount of its mRNA and that cholesterol feeding to such induced rats lowers the amount of hepatic reductase protein by decreasing the level of its mRNA. PMID- 6688078 TI - The light chain of factor Va contains the activity of factor Va that accelerates protein C activation by thrombin. AB - Protein C, a vitamin K-dependent protein, circulates in plasma as an inactive precursor. Once activated, it possesses potent anticoagulant activity through the inactivation of factors Va and VIIIa. Thrombin, the only known physiologic activator of this protein, is catalytically inefficient. Thrombomodulin, a protein purified from rabbit lungs, has been reported to enhance protein C activation by thrombin. We have previously demonstrated that factor Va, a substrate for activated protein C, is also a thrombin cofactor in the activation of protein C (Salem, H.H., Broze, G.J., Miletich, J. P., and Majerus, P.W. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 1584-1588). When factor Va is fractionated to its individual components, only the light chain (Mr 78,000) has thrombin cofactor activity. Although factor Va and thrombomodulin can both stimulate thrombin catalyzed protein C activation, the physiological relationship between these two proteins remains to be determined. PMID- 6688079 TI - Inhibition of Dictyostelium discoideum differentiation in monolayers in vitro by endogenous and exogenous lectins. AB - Spore-cell differentiation in monolayers in vitro of two sporagenous mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum, HM18 and HM15, is markedly inhibited by relatively low concentrations of the exogenous lectins, Concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and by somewhat higher concentrations of the endogenous lectin, discoidin. The selective inhibition of spore cell formation by ConA occurs toward the end of the differentiation process, as shown by studies involving the addition or removal of ConA at various times during the period of differentiation. In addition, ConA has no deleterious effect on the expression of the pre-spore cell specific enzyme, UDP-galactosyl transferase. It is likely, therefore, that the maturation of pre-spore cells into spore cells is the most sensitive locus of lectin inhibition. At higher concentrations of WGA and ConA, both stalk- and spore-cell formation are inhibited, but increased concentrations of discoidin do not have this effect. PMID- 6688080 TI - Separation of cereal proteins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Cereal proteins have been extremely difficult to purify and characterize owing to their heterogeneity, poor solubility and tendency to polymerize. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a 300 A reversed-phase (RP)(C18) support (Syn Chropak RP-P), using acetonitrile as organic modifier in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, has been found to be capable of high-resolution separations of these proteins; the resolution is often better than that obtained by any other chromatographic or electrophoretic method. Examples are presented showing separations of low-molecular-weight gliadins, omega-gliadins and ethanol-soluble reduced glutenin subunits from wheat and of zein from corn. In addition, proteins may be directly extracted from ground single kernels and subsequently analyzed by RP-HPLC; applications in genetic studies, in breeding programs and in varietal identification are proposed. In addition to its high resolution, RP-HPLC is superior to most other methods in speed, sensitivity, reproducibility and suitability for quantitation. Polypeptide chains of molecular weight up to 133,000 are recovered in high yields and the column capacity is high, demonstrating that RP-HPLC is suitable for both preparative and analytical separations of proteins. RP-HPLC resolves proteins primarily on the basis of differences in surface hydrophobicity, so it therefore complements, rather than duplicates, other techniques that separate proteins on the basis of size or charge. RP-HPLC promises to become an invaluable technique for the fractionation and characterization of proteins from cereals and other sources. PMID- 6688081 TI - Use of adjunctive potassium iodide after radioactive iodine (131I) treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism. AB - One hundred and nineteen patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism who were treated with 131I alone or 131I followed by potassium iodide (131I + KI) were studied retrospectively. Patients in both groups who required only a single dose of 131I for successful treatment of hyperthyroidism had similar age, gland size, 24-h radioactive iodine uptake, pretreatment serum T4 concentrations, and radioactive iodine treatment dose. Seven weeks after 131I, mean serum T4 concentrations were 12.3 +/- 6.1 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD) in patients who received 131I alone and 8.0 +/- 3.9 micrograms/dl in patients who received 131I + KI (p less than 0.001). Sixty percent of the patients who received 131I + KI and remained euthyroid 1 yr after 131I treatment developed documented transient hypothyroidism while receiving KI (serum T4, 1.4 +/- 0.9 micrograms/dl). Patients with transient hypothyroidism receiving KI had larger estimated thyroid gland weights when hypothyroid than patients whose hypothyroidism was permanent (32 +/- 6 vs. 16 +/- 11 g; P less than 0.001). The overall incidence of hypothyroidism 1 yr after treatment with 131I was 58% in each of the two groups. Sixteen percent of each group were not successfully treated by a single dose of 131I and required further therapy. Adjunctive KI effectively treated thyrotoxicosis more rapidly than 131I alone without adversely affecting outcome at 1 yr; however, patients taking KI more often develop transient hypothyroidism. PMID- 6688082 TI - Surfactant deficiency in rats without a decreased amount of extracellular surfactant. AB - Low volume ventilation without periodic large inflations leads to diminished alveolar stability and to the accumulation of increased amounts of airway disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) in large aggregates that sediment at 1,000 g; surfactant in this form lowers surface tension less rapidly than surfactant present in the 1,000-g supernatant fraction. These observations led to the present work in which we tested the notion that alveolar instability may develop in the presence of an undiminished quantity of total airway surfactant, if the amount of surfactant found in the 1,000-g supernatant fraction is diminished. Pulmonary compliance fell and the alveolar-arterial O2 gradient widened in normothermic rats during constant ventilation in the resting tidal volume range, and, in hyperthermic rats (approximately 39 degrees C) similarly ventilated but with the addition of periodic sighs. The total amount of airway DSPC was undiminished in each group, but in each less DSPC was present in the 1,000-g supernatant fraction compared with controls. Alveolar instability and hypoxemia also developed in hyperthermic rats during low volume ventilation without periodic sighs. Although the total amount of airway DSPC was decreased in these rats, enough remained to theoretically form a continuous monomolecular film over the entire alveolar surface at functional residual capacity; however, there was insufficient surfactant in the 1,000-g supernatant fraction to form such a continuous film. These findings demonstrate that the mode of ventilation, and moderate hyperthermia, may lead to decreased alveolar stability despite the presence of normal amounts of airway surfactant, and, by inference, indicate the extracellular form or state of surfactant has an important effect on alveolar stability. PMID- 6688083 TI - Guidelines for sexually transmitted diseases. AB - These guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) were established after careful deliberation by a group of experts and staff of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Commentary received after dissemination of preliminary documents to a large group of physicians was also considered. Certain aspects of these guidelines represent the best judgment of experts. The guidelines should not be construed as rules, but rather as a source of guidance within the United States. This is particularly true for topics that are controversial or based on limited data. PMID- 6688084 TI - Selective enrichment of human epidermal cell subpopulations using monoclonal antibodies. AB - In studying the mechanisms that regulate the growth and differentiation of the human epidermis, it would be helpful to obtain relatively pure populations of the different epidermal cell types. We have used a solid-phase immunoabsorption method termed "panning" to positively select two types of epidermal cells: Langerhans cells and the keratinocytes found in the basal cell layer (basal cells). To attach basal cells to a goat anti-mouse IgG-coated plastic surface, we used murine monoclonal antibodies (VM-1 or VM-2), which were recently produced in our laboratory and bind specifically to antigens on human basal cells. Using antibodies VM-1 or VM-2, we panned for basal cells and obtained a yield of about 40 percent (an enrichment of about 2.5-fold). The cells enriched for basal cells demonstrated much better growth and DNA synthesis than did the cell fraction depleted of basal cells. For positive selection of Langerhans cells, we used OKT6, a murine monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to Langerhans cells in the epidermis. We determined that of those cells preincubated with OKT6 and adherent to an antibody-coated petri dish surface, about 70 percent demonstrated OKT6 binding by fluorescence microscopy. This represents a 15- to 20-fold enrichment for Langerhans cells. The nonadherent cell fraction contained less than 1 percent OKT6-positive cells. Ultrastructural studies showed that the cells thus separated were Langerhans cells. The OKT6-positive but not the OKT6-negative cells were capable of stimulating allogeneic lymphocytes in the skin-cell lymphocyte reaction. Thus the panning technique is an effective method for obtaining greatly enriched subpopulations of viable epidermal cells. PMID- 6688085 TI - Etiology of EPH-gestosis from the viewpoint of dynamics of vasoactive prostanoid, lipid peroxides and vitamin E. AB - To determine the significance of EPH-gestosis, the author measured the blood levels of lipid peroxides, vitamin E, thromboxane B2, and 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. The basis for this was presence of lipid metabolism abnormalities in this disease. 1. The serum lipid peroxides level. In severe cases of EPH-gestosis, a significant increase was observed compared with normal pregnant women in the 10th month of gestation. 2. The serum V-E level. In severe cases of EPH-gestosis, there was a tendency to decrease compared with the values for the late stage of pregnancy. 3. The serum TXB2 level. In severe cases of EPH-gestosis, a significant increase was observed compared with normal pregnant women in the 10th month of gestation. 4. The serum 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha level. In severe cases of EPH gestosis, a significant decrease was observed compared with normal pregnant women in the 10th month of gestation. 5. Relationship to the gestosis index (G-I). a. Elevation of the lipid peroxide level was noted in cases with a G.I. of 5 or higher. b. The V-E level tended to drop in cases with a G.I. of 4 or higher. c. There was a significant difference between the TXB2 levels at G.I.-3 and G.I.-4. d. The level of 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha dropped as the G.I. increased in cases with a G.I. of 4 or higher. PMID- 6688086 TI - Practice management. PMID- 6688087 TI - Without shame. PMID- 6688088 TI - Biosynthesis of mumps virus F glycoprotein: non-fusing strains efficiently cleave the F glycoprotein precursor. AB - Mumps virus infection of the CV-1 cell line results either in no cytopathic effect or extensive cell fusion, depending upon the infecting mumps virus strain. Growth cycle analyses indicated that both types of infection were the result of multiple cycle replication of mumps virus. Intracellular virus-specific polypeptide synthesis was examined by pulse- and pulse-chase-labelling with radioactive amino acids and sugars. The major polypeptides seen on SDS polyacrylamide gels were NP (69 000 mol. wt.), P (45 000 mol. wt.) and M (40 000 mol. wt.); a non-structural polypeptide (22 000 mol. wt.) was also present in infected cell lysates. The HN (74 000 to 79 000 mol. wt.) glycopolypeptide was detected in [3H]glucosamine- and [3H]mannose-labelled infected cells. A 65 000 mol. wt. species that had incorporated these precursors was seen in pulse labelled infected cell lysates, and this glycopolypeptide vanished during the chase interval with the concomitant appearance of two glycopolypeptides (59 000 mol. wt. and 14 000 to 15 000 mol. wt.) which represented the F1 and F2 subunits of the F glycoprotein. Immunological data confirmed the relatedness of the 65 000 mol. wt. glycopolypeptide to the F glycoprotein and identified it as the precursor F0. The F0 precursor glycopolypeptide was seen in cells infected with both fusing and non-fusing strains, and F0 was processed completely to F glycoprotein for all infections. Thus, the lack of cell fusion after infection with certain mumps strains is not the consequence of incomplete processing of the F0 precursor. PMID- 6688093 TI - The perils of promiscuity. PMID- 6688089 TI - Regional distribution of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 in the rat brain: comparative study with the distribution of other opioid peptides. AB - The distribution of the opioid peptide methionine-enkephalin-arginine6 phenylalanine7 (M-Enk-Arg6-Phe7) has been investigated in various structures of the rat brain by using a highly specific radioimmunoassay (RIA). Immunoreactive M Enk-Arg6-Phe7 has been further characterized by high performance liquid chromatography. The levels of M-Enk-Arg6-Phe7 in various structures of the rat brain were compared with the levels of several other opioid peptides, including methionine-enkephalin (M-Enk), leucine-enkephalin (L-Enk), dynorphin 1-13, and alpha-neoendorphin, which were also measured by RIA. There was a close relationship between the distribution of M-Enk-Arg6-Phe7 immunoreactive material (ir), M-Enk ir, and L-Enk ir. The distribution of dynorphin 1-13 ir and alpha neoendorphin ir appeared to be distinct from that of the enkephalin group. These results are in agreement with recent reports on the cloning and sequencing of the c-DNA coding for the prohormones, in which it has been hypothesized that M-Enk Arg6-Phe7 and M-Enk are synthesized by the same precursor, called proenkephalin, and that dynorphin-related peptides and alpha-neoendorphin arise from a separate precursor, prodynorphin. PMID- 6688092 TI - GLC determination of phendimetrazine in human plasma, serum, or urine. AB - A sensitive, specific, and quantitative GLC method is described for the determination of phendimetrazine in plasma, serum, or urine. An internal standard was used, which was extracted along with the drug. This mixture then was acetylated to improve the chromatographic separation. A concentration as low as 2 ng/ml of phendimetrazine could be measured from 2 ml of sample using a nitrogen phosphorous detector. Linearity extended from 2 to 500 ng/ml, and the coefficient of variation was 7%. The method was shown to be applicable to a single-dose bioavailability study. PMID- 6688090 TI - Selective presynaptic cholinergic neurotoxicity following intrahippocampal AF64A injection in rats. AB - Compound AF64A, ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (0.4-8 nmol) was stereotaxically administered into rat dorsal hippocampus, and neurochemical changes were determined 5 days later. AF64A treatment, over an almost 10-fold dose range, resulted in a significant (up to 70%) decline in choline acetyltransferase activity. In the same tissue samples, Na+-dependent choline transport activity was also lowered, with most decreases ranging between 10 and 50% of controls; however, there was no significant correlation (r = 0.39) between these two parameters. Acetylcholinesterase activity was not affected by AF64A treatment when assayed by either histochemical or enzymatic methods. AF64A reduced acetylcholine levels by 43%, but did not alter norepinephrine content or serotonin uptake. These results demonstrate that AF64A can induce a specific, long-term reduction of cholinergic presynaptic biochemical markers in rat hippocampus. Thus, AF64A can serve as a useful new tool to study the cholinergic system and as an important agent to help develop animal models representing disorders of central cholinergic hypofunction. PMID- 6688091 TI - Thyroid iodine content measured by x-ray fluorescence in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: concise communication. AB - Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis (liT) is characterized by (a) a low radioiodine uptake, increased by exogenous TSH, and (b) a spontaneous evolution towards cure within a few months. An hypothetical pathogenesis of liT is an initial inflation in the stores of thyroid hormones during iodine excess, followed by their sudden discharge into the circulation. Thyroid iodine content was measured by fluorescent scanning in 10 patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and in various control groups. Results were found to be high at the onset of the disease and to decrease during its course. The data agree with the hypothetical pathogenesis. Furthermore they may permit exclusion of a painless subacute thyroiditis, which is the main differential diagnosis of liT. PMID- 6688094 TI - Evidence that protease action is not specifically involved in the hatching of rabbit blastocysts caused by commercial bovine serum albumin in culture. AB - Commercial samples of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a complex medium caused growth of 1-cell rabbit embryos to completely hatched blastocysts. Heat treatment of the BSA at 65 or 80 degrees C significantly decreased blastocyst formation and expansion and destroyed the ability to cause blastocyst hatching. Addition of trypsin at levels down to 20 ng/ml caused the formation of hatched blastocysts which degenerated rapidly. The effects of 5 protease inhibitors (ovomucoid trypsin inhibitor, alpha-1-antitrypsin, TAME, TLCK and soybean) were tested. Ovomucoid trypsin inhibitor, TAME and TLCK significantly inhibited blastocyst hatching but only at the highest concentration used. These inhibitors also reduced blastocyst formation and expansion, indicating that their effect was not specifically on blastocyst hatching in vitro. It is concluded that hatching of rabbit blastocysts is probably not dependent on protease action. PMID- 6688095 TI - The BBC model B microcomputer in clinical instrumentation. PMID- 6688096 TI - Microcomputer-controlled psychoacoustics in clinical audiology. PMID- 6688098 TI - The sonographic appearance of adrenal involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 6688099 TI - Graves' disease progressing to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. PMID- 6688097 TI - A data-logger for recording patterns of activity. PMID- 6688100 TI - [Digital microcomputer program for the analysis of 3-compartment VA/Q distribution]. PMID- 6688101 TI - [Intrathecal application of morphine]. PMID- 6688102 TI - [Secretion and stability of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in normal adult gastric juice]. PMID- 6688103 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the hemodynamic effect of a single administration of cordanum and obzidan in patients with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6688105 TI - The changing role of a commission directed toward high blood pressure control: the Maryland experience. PMID- 6688104 TI - Rapid and simple determination of delivery after iontophoretic and pressure injections of radiolabeled tracer substances. AB - A fluorographic method is described using X-ray film analysis for the determination of delivery of radiolabeled tracer substances both in Agar plates and in tissue sections. This method is most useful in neuroanatomical autoradiographic studies for providing rapid identification of delivery, placement, and extent of an injection site after iontophoresis or pressure injections of radiolabeled axonal tracer substances. PMID- 6688106 TI - Software adaptive physiological signal preprocessor. PMID- 6688107 TI - Electrogastrography in the dog: waveform analysis by a coherent averaging technique. PMID- 6688109 TI - Interactive computer program for self-distributed medical questionnaires: notes on technical implementation and use. PMID- 6688108 TI - A short progress report. An interactive computer program for self-distributed medical questionnaires. PMID- 6688111 TI - A unique regulatory profile and regional distribution of [3H]pirenzepine binding in the rat provide evidence for distinct M1 and M2 muscarinic receptor subtypes. AB - We recently demonstrated that the non-classical muscarinic receptor antagonist [3H]pirenzepine ([3H]PZ) identifies a high affinity population of muscarinic sites in the rat cerebral cortex. We now report that cortical muscarinic sites to which [3H]PZ binds with high affinity are modulated by ions but not guanine nucleotides. We also have examined equilibrium [3H]PZ binding in homogenates of various rat tissues using a new rapid filtration assay. All regional saturation isotherms yielded a similar high affinity dissociation constant (Kd = 2-8 nM) in 10 mM sodium-potassium phosphate buffer. Receptor density (Bmax in fmol/mg tissue) varied as follows: corpus striatum = 154.5, cerebral cortex = 94.6, hippocampus = 94.3, ileum = 1.3, cerebellum = 1.0, and heart = 0.45. The cerebral cortex and hippocampus possess 61 percent of striatal binding sites, while the ileum, cerebellum and heart contain only 0.84 percent, 0.65 percent and 0.29 percent of striatal sites respectively. The [3H]PZ sites in heart, ileum, and cerebellum represent 3.1 percent, 9.6 percent, and 10.4 percent of the sites obtained by using [3H] (-)quinuclidinyl benzilate. Thus, [3H]PZ labels high affinity muscarinic receptor binding sites with a tissue distribution compatible with the concept of distinct M1 and M2 receptor subtypes. Accordingly, regions such as heart, cerebellum, and ileum would be termed M2, though each have an extremely small population of the M1 high affinity [3H]PZ site. [3H]PZ therefore appears to be a useful ligand for M1 receptor identification. Furthermore, the inability to demonstrate a significant effect of guanine nucleotides upon high affinity [3H]PZ binding to putative M1 receptors suggests that M1 sites may be independent of a guanine regulatory protein. PMID- 6688110 TI - Morphological changes in the normal and neomycin-perfused guinea pig cochlea following chronic prosthetic implantation. AB - The effects of chronic prosthetic implantation and interval electrical stimulation were studied in the normal and neomycin-perfused cochlea of the guinea pig. One group of guinea pigs was implanted with a multiple-electrode prosthesis in the scala tympani. During a 4-week period, the device was stimulated for 3 hours weekly with a continuous, 1 kHz sinusoidal current of constant intensity. A second group of guinea pigs underwent identical implantation and stimulation except that cochlear perfusion with .1 M neomycin was performed at the time of implantation. Current intensities ranged from .1 to .6 mA RMS. Two complementary control groups were implanted but not stimulated. The animals were sacrificed, the cochleae were perfused with a fixative, and the temporal bones were prepared for examination under a light, transmission, or scanning electron microscope. In the electrically stimulated cochleae, degenerative changes occurred in both the inner and outer hair cells and supporting elements. A decrease was apparent in spiral ganglion cell and nerve fiber populations in areas of inner hair cell depletion and did not seem to correspond to the survival of supporting cells. The electrically active electrodes were uniformly surrounded by a connective tissue matrix and areas of immature bone. These changes occurred at all the intensities tested, and did not monotonically relate in severity to current intensity. None of the changes was apparent in the normal control ears. Morphological changes induced by the ototoxic drug neomycin were so severe is both stimulated and unstimulated cochleae that comparison was not possible; this form of pretreatment is apparently unsuitable for use in studies of electrically induced damage. It appears that in the normal animal, chronic implantation with interval electrical stimulation results in a cumulative form of sensory and neural damage histologically similar to that proceeding from chronic noise exposure as well as other ototoxic agents. Such effects should be minimized if surviving sensorineural and supporting elements in the functionally compromised cochlea are to be preserved. PMID- 6688113 TI - [Soft- and hardware support for the setup for computer tracking of radiation teletherapy]. AB - A hard and soft ware computer assisted complex has been worked out for gamma-beam therapy. The complex included all radiotherapeutic units, including a Siemens program controlled betatron with an energy of 42 MEV computer ES-1022, a Medigraf system of the processing of graphic information, a Mars-256 system for control over the homogeneity of distribution of dose rate on the field of irradiation and a package of mathematical programs to select a plan of irradiation of various tumor sites. The prospects of the utilization of such complexes in the dosimetric support of radiation therapy are discussed. PMID- 6688112 TI - Comparative abilities of lanthanide ions La3+ and Tb3+ to substitute for Ca2+ in regulating phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and myosin light chain kinase. AB - Although lanthanide ions La3+ and Tb3+ were only slightly able to substitute for Ca2+ to activate phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (PL-Ca-PK), they potentiated the ability of a suboptimal concentration of Ca2+ to stimulate the enzyme. In comparison, the lanthanides were more effective Ca2+ substitutes for myosin light chain kinase, a calmodulin-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase. Both enzymes, however, were inhibited by high concentrations of lanthanides either in the presence or absence of Ca2+. Similar effects of the lanthanides were also noted on phosphorylation of endogenous substrates in the particulate fraction of rat brain stimulated by either phosphatidylserine/Ca2+ or calmodulin/Ca2+. The La3+- or Tb3+-stimulated activity of PL-Ca-PK, as the Ca2+ stimulated activity, was inhibited by various agents, such as trifluoperazine, polymyxin B, cobra cytotoxin I, melittin, and spermine. PMID- 6688114 TI - [In vitro diagnosis of T3 thyrotoxicosis]. AB - A study was made of the importance of various radioimmunoassays and their reliability in the diagnosis of functional activity of the thyroid parenchyma in patients with nodular goiter. A total of 298 patients were examined, of them 172 with nodular toxic goiter and 116 with nodular euthyroid goiter. During scanning the most frequent variant of nodular goiter was a "warm" or "hot" node, then a "cold" and "autonomous" one. To define the effect of the globulin thyroxine binding ability on the level of general serum triiodothyronine (T3), the index of triiodothyronine and the index of elevated serum triiodothyronine (IEST3) were calculated. A comprehensive procedure of test registration reflecting hypophyseal thyroid function was used to reveal 3 types of thyrotoxicoses: T3/4 thyrotoxicosis, T3-thyrotoxicosis and T4-thyrotoxicosis. A high informative value of the main tests--the determination of the content of general thyroxine (T4), T3 and effective thyroxine factor--was established. The IEST3 is of the utmost diagnostic value, particularly in diagnosing T3-thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 6688115 TI - AURA: routine documentation of medical texts. PMID- 6688116 TI - Evaluation of usefulness of 2-mercapto-ethanol treatment in serodiagnosis of swine leptospirosis. AB - Serum samples of piglets infected artificially or naturally, respectively, with Leptospira pomona were treated with 2-mercapto-ethanol (ME) and tested in the microscopic agglutination test in comparison with untreated sera. Serum-treatment with ME showed two beneficial effects, one being the total elimination of heterotypic reactions, the other the reduction or elimination, respectively, of early antibodies, presumably belonging to the IgM class. Accordingly, two practical implications can be derived from our results. The ratio of ME-sensitive and ME-resistant antibody titers allows the recognition of early leptospira infections. The total suppression by ME of heterotypic agglutination eliminates the danger of determining the wrong leptospira type as causative agent, a crucial problem encountered not infrequently with agglutination testing of untreated sera. Recognition of early cases of swine leptospirosis by ME-treatment of sera is particularly useful, as the complement fixative reaction, successfully used in other species for the same purpose, is inappropriate in swine sera owing to their autolytic properties. Furthermore by elimination of all heterotypic reactions the ME-method gives better chances for the determination of the causative agent and hence for correct interpretation of serological results. ME-treatment is considered as a useful help in serodiagnosis of field samples, in which determination of duration of infection is essential or in which heterotypic agglutination is obscuring the etiological leptospira type. PMID- 6688117 TI - Plasmids and antibiotic resistances in Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus isolated from natural whey culture. PMID- 6688119 TI - Relationship of cellular folate cofactor pools to the activity of 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 6688118 TI - [Tolerance of milk alimentation in diarrhea in infants]. PMID- 6688120 TI - Effects of the calmodulin antagonist, fluphenazine, on phosphorylation of myosin and phosphorylase in intact smooth muscle. AB - The activities of phosphorylase kinase and myosin light-chain kinase are regulated by Ca2+ binding to calmodulin. However, differences in the activation properties of the purified enzymes are apparent, since calmodulin binds to phosphorylase kinase in the absence of Ca2+ whereas prior formation of a Ca2+ . calmodulin complex is necessary for calmodulin to bind to and activate myosin light chain kinase. Since the phenothiazines have been implicated as anticalmodulin drugs and inhibit contractile activity in smooth muscle, we examined the effects of the phenothiazine, fluphenazine, on isometric tension development and phosphorylation of phosphorylase and the phosphorylatable light chain (P-light chain) of myosin in intact bovine tracheal smooth muscle. Preincubation with 50 microM fluphenazine for 5 min inhibited the maximal rate and extent of isometric tension development and P-light chain phosphorylation in the presence of 60 mM KCl. Application of fluphenazine after tension and the phosphate content of the P-light chain had reached steady-state levels in response to 60 mM KCl produced little relaxation or dephosphorylation of the P light chain. KCl-mediated phosphorylase a formation was not inhibited by preincubation with fluphenazine for 5 min. However, long periods of preincubation (30-60 min) produced significant inhibition of phosphorylase a formation and proportionally greater inhibition of tension and P-light chain phosphorylation. Since phosphorylase a formation was not inhibited during short-term preincubation with fluphenazine, KCl-dependent increases in the concentration of free intracellular Ca2+ may not have been affected. Moreover, since both isometric tension development and P-light chain phosphorylation were attenuated in a parallel manner, inhibition of contractile activity in intact smooth muscle by anticalmodulin agents may be directly related to inhibition of P-light chain phosphorylation. PMID- 6688121 TI - 22-Ketocholesterol. A potent competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P-450scc dependent side-chain cleavage of cholesterol. AB - 22-Ketocholesterol binds with high affinity to purified, phospholipid vesicle reconstituted cytochrome P-450scc. Binding, quantitated using reversal of cholesterol-induced absorbance changes in the Soret region of the enzyme, indicates an affinity 3-5 times greater than that for the normal substrate cholesterol. The ketosteroid cannot be hydroxylated at position 22 and thus acts as a potent inhibitor of cholesterol side-chain cleavage. Steady-state kinetics demonstrate competitive inhibition by this steroid and provide a KI value several fold lower than the cholesterol Km. On the basis of recently proposed mechanisms for hydroxylation by cytochromes P-450, 22-ketocholesterol may exert its inhibitory effect by acting as a tightly bound analogue that resembles the enzyme bound cholesterol from which a hydrogen has been abstracted from position 22. PMID- 6688122 TI - Congenital protein C deficiency and venous thromboembolism. A study of three Dutch families. AB - Protein C is the zymogen of a vitamin K-dependent serine protease involved in blood coagulation. In the absence of protein C the inactivation of activated factors V and VIIIC is impaired, and the fibrinolytic capacity of the circulating blood is reduced. These conditions promote excessive fibrin formation and thus constitute a risk factor for thrombosis. Using an immunologic assay for protein C, we identified 18 patients (11 male and 7 female) in three unrelated Dutch families as fulfilling the criteria for an isolated protein C deficiency. In 12 patients who were not receiving oral anticoagulant treatment the mean protein C antigen concentration was 0.48 +/- 0.09 U per milliliter (+/- S.D.), and in 6 patients who were receiving adjusted doses of oral anticoagulants and had stable anticoagulation, the mean value was 0.17 +/- 0.05 U per milliliter. (The value in healthy subjects is 0.98 +/- 0.19 U per milliliter.) Fourteen of the 18 patients had a history of venous thromboembolism, with superficial thrombophlebitis as the hallmark of this condition (in 13 patients). These data are consistent with an autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity. PMID- 6688123 TI - Human beta-nerve growth factor gene sequence highly homologous to that of mouse. AB - Nerve growth factor (NGF) is thought to have a profound effect on the development and maintenance of sympathetic and embryonic sensory neurones (see refs 1-3 for review). NGF activity isolated from the male mouse submaxillary gland (MSG) consists of three types of subunits, alpha, beta and gamma, which specifically interact to form a 7S, approximately 130,000-molecular weight (Mr) complex. The 7S complex contains two identical 118-amino acid beta-chains, which are solely responsible for the nerve growth-stimulating activity of NGF. While NGF is found in almost all vertebrates, most research has focused on murine NGF, as the mouse male submaxillary gland contains higher levels of this polypeptide than other tissues. Even so, beta-NGF comprises only approximately 0.1% of the protein in this small gland, which has made the study of this polypeptide difficult. The amino acid sequence of the mouse NGF beta-chain has been determined and some information has been obtained regarding the size of a mouse precursor molecule, pro-beta-NGF, but little was known about the structure and relatedness of beta NGF from other vertebrates. Here we describe the isolation of mouse beta-NGF complementary DNA (cDNA) and present its nucleotide sequence, which predicts a prepro-beta-NGF molecule of Mr 27,000 (27K) and a pro-beta-NGF molecule of Mr 25K. We have used the mouse beta-NGF cDNA clone to isolate the human beta-NGF gene, the coding regions of which are highly homologous to the mouse prepro-beta NGF nucleotide and amino acid sequences. PMID- 6688125 TI - Risk factors for retrolental fibroplasia. AB - Besides oxygen administration and immaturity of the premature retinal vessels, there are other risk factors for retrolental fibroplasia: (1) respiratory distress syndrome; (2) multiple episodes of bradycardia apnoea; (3) exchange transfusions; (4) hyaline membrane disease; (5) anemia of prematurity; (6) hyperbilirubinemia; (7) avitaminosis E; (8) cardiovascular defects; (9) infectious diseases; (10) multiple births; (11) hypocalcemia; (12) hypothermia; (13) hemorrhagic tendency; (14) delayed coaptation of the retina, and (15) spastic diplegia. PMID- 6688124 TI - Common properties of hepatocellular uptake of cholate, iodipamide and antamanide, as distinct from the uptake of bromosulfophthalein. AB - The uptake of iodipamide and of the cyclopeptide antamanide by isolated hepatocytes was reduced reversibly in the absence of oxygen as recently shown for the transport of cholate. Oligomycin, antimycin A and carbonylcyano chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) completely blocked the uptake of iodipamide and antamanide whereas the uptake of cholate was only partially decreased. Reduction of ATP in hepatocytes following replacement of glucose by fructose inhibited the uptake of iodipamide, of antamanide, and also of cholate. In contrast, the penetration of bromosulfophthalein remained unaffected under the above conditions. Arrhenius paralysis yielded high apparent activation energies for the uptake of cholate, iodipamide, and antamanide being 89, 77 and 55 kJ/mol respectively but only 22 kJ/mol for bromosulfophthalein. Mutual transport inhibition was found for iodipamide, antamanide and cholate as well as for bromosulfophthalein. Cholate inhibited the uptake of iodipamide and antamanide competitively. In contrast, bromosulfophthalein inhibited iodipamide uptake in a mixed order fashion. The results suggest a common uptake mechanism for cholate, iodipamide and antamanide different from that of bromosulfophthalein. PMID- 6688126 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases in sexually abused children. AB - Over a 4-year period, 409 cases of suspected sexual abuse of children were reviewed to study sexually transmitted disease (STD). Sexually transmitted disease was identified in 54 (13%) of the 409 children: 46 cases of gonorrhea, six cases of syphilis, four cases of trichomoniasis, and three cases of condyloma acuminata. Nine of the 46 children with cultures positive for gonorrhea did not have a history of discharge. Four of the six children with syphilis also had a gonococcal infection. One child with syphilis had condyloma. Only one child had clinical features of syphilis. Sexually transmitted disease was more likely to be transmitted by an extended family member or a nonfamily member than by a father/stepfather (P less than .001). Laboratory tests that identify sexually transmitted disease may aid in the diagnosis of sexual abuse. PMID- 6688127 TI - Hypercalcemia in children with disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism during long-term treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3. PMID- 6688128 TI - A number of different nuclear genes for the small subunit of RuBPCase are transcribed in petunia. AB - The sequences in the petunia genome which encode the small subunit polypeptides of the chloroplast enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase have been characterized. Sequence analysis of four cDNA clones indicate that there are several distinct genes transcribed in leaf tissue. There is 8-9% nucleotide divergence between the transcripts however these changes do not alter the encoded amino acid sequence. Examination of nuclear DNA by Southern hybridization and analysis of cloned small subunit genes confirm that there are a number of different genes which encode this single protein. PMID- 6688129 TI - The etiology of prostate cancer: what does the epidemiology suggest? AB - The two most important demographic characteristics of prostate cancer in Los Angeles are the high rates among blacks, which are two times those among whites and four times those among Asians, and the rapid increase in rates with age after age 40. Despite the high rates among blacks, a birth cohort analysis indicates that mortality rates among black men born after 1900 have decreased. In this report, epidemiologic and experimental evidence supporting each of three etiologic hypotheses--industrial exposure to cadmium, sexual transmission by an infectious agent, and endocrine factors--are reviewed. Evidence from descriptive data in Los Angeles suggests that only a small portion of cases might be attributable to industrial exposures. In a cohort study of Catholic priests, we found no deficit of prostate cancer mortality, strong evidence against sexual transmission of the disease. Experimental evidence and a limited amount of human data support an endocrine hypothesis. Preliminary results of a case-control study of prostate cancer are presented, but these results are unable to distinguish among these hypotheses further. This study finds a substantial protective effect of vasectomy, an event that is accompanied by reduced prostatic function and size, but this result is thus far statistically insignificant. PMID- 6688130 TI - [Current concepts of sexually transmitted diseases]. PMID- 6688131 TI - Effect of urinary trypsin inhibitor MR-20 in shock. PMID- 6688132 TI - Mosquito control for prevention of California (La Crosse) encephalitis. PMID- 6688134 TI - PuFT: computer-assisted program for pulmonary function tests. PMID- 6688133 TI - [New local therapy in the treatment of leg ulcers: Biostim cream]. AB - The treatment of leg-ulcers involves two sections which are theoretically distinct but in practice closely related: aetiological therapy which aims at correcting the causal factor or factors, and local treatment which is intended to facilitate detersion, granulation, and finally epidermization. Amongst the new local therapies, glycoproteins extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae (Biostim cream) have immunostimulant properties and have a detersive action, facilitating the granulation, and because of their indirect bactericidal action mean that local antibiotics can be avoided. PMID- 6688135 TI - [Myocardial infarct, acute coronary insufficiency and sudden death in lymphogranulomatosis patients after irradiation of the mediastinum]. PMID- 6688136 TI - [Irradiation planning with the Robotron K 1002 microcomputer]. PMID- 6688137 TI - [Generation of response functions of a NaI detector by using an interpolation technic]. AB - A computer method is developed for generating response functions of a NaI detector to monoenergetic gamma-rays. The method is based on an interpolation between measured response curves by a detector. The computer programs are constructed for Heath's response spectral library. The principle of the basic mathematics used for interpolation, which was reported previously by the author, et al., is that response curves can be decomposed into a linear combination of intrinsic-component patterns, and thereby the interpolation of curves is reduced to a simple interpolation of weighting coefficients needed to combine the component patterns. This technique has some advantages of data compression, reduction in computation time, and stability of the solution, in comparison with the usual functional fitting method. The processing method of segmentation of a spectrum is devised to generate useful and precise response curves. A spectral curve, obtained for each gamma-ray source, is divided into some regions defined by the physical processes, such as the photopeak area, the Compton continuum area, the backscatter peak area, and so on. Each segment curve then is processed separately for interpolation. Lastly the estimated curves to the respective areas are connected on one channel scale. The generation programs are explained briefly. It is shown that the generated curve represents the overall shape of a response spectrum including not only its photopeak but also the corresponding Compton area, with a sufficient accuracy. PMID- 6688138 TI - [Severe hypercalcemia in Graves disease]. PMID- 6688139 TI - [Ideas on the future use of antimicrobial substances from the viewpoint of animal nutrition]. PMID- 6688140 TI - Postgastrectomy carcinoma. PMID- 6688141 TI - [Autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer]. PMID- 6688142 TI - [Arthroscopic meniscus resection]. PMID- 6688143 TI - [Auditory prosthesis with the Elektronika apparatus of the Zaushina type]. PMID- 6688146 TI - Computer software. PMID- 6688145 TI - [Manifestation of diabetes mellitus in Graves-Basedow disease in a 17-year-old boy]. PMID- 6688148 TI - [Retinopathy of prematurity: a new score for the evaluation of prematurity of infants (I)--prematurity score P]. PMID- 6688144 TI - Metabolic causes of nephrolithiasis. AB - This discussion was selected from the weekly Grand Rounds in the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle. Taken from the transcription, it has been edited by Drs Paul G. Ramsey, Assistant Professor of Medicine, and Philip J. Fialkow, Professor of Medicine and Chairman of the Department of Medicine. PMID- 6688147 TI - Effect of sodium cholate on the phase transition temperature of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. AB - On treatment with sodium cholate, the phase transition temperature (Tc) of multilamellar liposomes derived from dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) progressively decreased with increasing cholate: lipid-P molar ratio. A molar ratio of 4.5 caused a one degree depression in Tc. The unilamellar cholate vesicles of DPPC exhibited the same Tc as that of the multilamellar ones. The formation of unilamellar vesicles from the multilamellar ones by cholate treatment was investigated by electron microscopy. PMID- 6688149 TI - Multimodal therapy in the treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 6688153 TI - Gc subtypes in the Middle East: report on an Arab Moslem population from Israel. AB - Gc subtypes were determined by isoelectrofocusing and immunofixation on 342 blood samples from an Arab Moslem population in Israel. Observed allele frequencies were: Gc1F 0.2120, Gc1S 0.6023, and Gc2 0.1857. Those are similar to formerly reported frequency data for other Middle Eastern populations. A discriminant analysis, performed on data from 35 populations, resulted in a satisfactory classification of population groups related through geographic and racial origin. PMID- 6688152 TI - Vasopressin is important for restoring cardiovascular homeostasis in fetal lambs subjected to hemorrhage. AB - To determine if the posterior pituitary hormone vasopressin is important for maintaining fetal cardiovascular homeostasis during hypovolemic stress, in seven chronically catheterized fetal lambs we induced hemorrhage of 20% of estimated blood volume in the presence and in the absence of a potent antagonist to the pressor effects of vasopressin. The study was a paired crossover design with at least 48 hours separating experiments in the same animal. Injection of the vasopressin antagonist did not alter basal fetal heart rate or arterial blood pressure, but hemorrhage of 2% of estimated fetal blood volume per minute for 10 minutes produced a greater fall in blood pressure (13 +/- 2 versus 10 +/- 2 torr, p less than 0.05) when the blocker was present than when it was absent. Arterial blood pressure remained below control levels longer following hemorrhage when the fetuses were pretreated with the antagonist (49.7 +/- 6 versus 26.6 +/- 6 minutes, p less than 0.01), and the integrated fall in arterial blood pressure with hemorrhage was greatest (283 +/- 53 versus 169 +/- 57 mm Hg . min p less than 0.01) when the blocker was used. The fall in heart rate following hemorrhage was similar with and without blocker pretreatment. These results indicate that vasopressin plays a physiologic role in blood pressure regulation in fetal lambs during periods of hypovolemia. PMID- 6688151 TI - Phase II evaluation of m-AMSA (4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. AB - m-AMSA (4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide, a substituted acridine derivative, was administered to 27 patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. The dose ranged from 90-210 mg/m2/course. The toxic effects were primarily hematologic. Twenty-four of the patients were evaluable for response. These patients received a median of 2 doses (range 1-7). The median time from diagnosis to therapy was 2 months (range 0-16). Two patients achieved an MR lasting 4 and 2 months, respectively. Two patients had stabilization for 6 and 3 months. The median survival for all patients was 3 months. Survival distribution for patients with prior chemotherapy versus no previous therapy was not significantly different (p = 0.5). This study suggests that m-AMSA has little value as a single agent in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. PMID- 6688150 TI - Phase II trial of piperazinedione (NCS 135758) in the treatment of advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. AB - Thirty-eight patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix no longer amenable to management with surgery and/or radiotherapy were given piperazinedione 9 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks. Five (13%) experienced either complete or partial regression of disease, while 13 (34%) demonstrated stable disease. Responses were relatively short (median 3 months) with responders surviving significantly longer than nonresponders (median 20.3 months vs. 3.0 months, p = 0.01). Adverse effects consisted primarily of myelosuppression (61%) and nausea and vomiting (47%) and generally were mild to moderate and tolerable. The drug has minimal activity and tolerable adverse effects and could be considered for trials of combination chemotherapy in this disease. PMID- 6688154 TI - The Seattle evaluation of computerized drug profiles: effects on prescribing practices and resource use. AB - Since 1979, all outpatient pharmacy transactions at the US Public Health Service Hospital in Seattle have been captured in a computer system which generates a profile of each patient's active and previously used drugs. We conducted a controlled trial in which patients were allocated to profile or no-profile groups while the computer continued to collect data on everyone. In all, 41,572 clinic visits made by 6,186 patients were studied. The incidence of preventable drug drug interactions and redundancies was very low and was unaffected by profiles. For unclear reasons, prescription of two interacting drugs on the same visit was significantly more common for patients with profiles. The duration of drug-drug interaction episodes was significantly shorter for profile group patients, perhaps due to earlier detection of the error on subsequent visits. Profiles had no effect on prescribing volume or coordination of drug refill and visit schedules, but profile group patients made about 5 per cent fewer clinic visits than those in the no-profile group. In this setting, it appears that the prescribing of interacting or redundant drugs is more often due to inadequate provider knowledge than to inaccessible patient-specific drug data. Prevention of such errors would thus require a more active educational or monitoring program. PMID- 6688155 TI - Meniscectomy in children: a long-term follow-up study. AB - In order to more accurately document the effects of meniscus removal, 20 children and adolescents with isolated meniscal tears were examined an average of 5.5 years after surgery. All patients with concomitant ligamentous injuries and a history of prior surgery on either knee, and those with bilateral knee pathology or knee pathology outside the meniscus, were excluded. At followup, 60% of the 20 study patients had unsatisfactory results. The clinical results did not correlate with the site of meniscectomy, the type of meniscal tear, the severity of radiographic changes, or whether the patient had total or partial meniscectomy. Evaluation of lower extremity muscle function revealed a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in hip abductor strength in patients with unsatisfactory results. This study indicates that meniscectomy in the child or adolescent is not a benign procedure, and that failure to rehabilitate hip abductor strength to normal levels significantly comprises the clinical end results. PMID- 6688156 TI - The microvasculature of the meniscus and its response to injury. An experimental study in the dog. AB - The normal vascular anatomy of the menisci was investigated in five dogs by histology and tissue-clearing (Spalteholz) techniques. The vessels were found to originate in the perimeniscal capsular and synovial tissues and penetrate the peripheral 25% of the meniscal tissues. The vascular response to complete midportion transection of the medial meniscus was evaluated in 15 dogs. This response originated from the peripheral synovial tissues and completely healed the lesion with fibrovascular scar tissue by 10 weeks. Longitudinal incisions in the avascular portion of the meniscus failed to heal. However, when these lesions were connected to the peripheral synovial tissues at their midportion by a vascular access channel, the entire lesion was healed with fibrovascular scar by 10 weeks. PMID- 6688157 TI - A problem with atracurium. PMID- 6688158 TI - Bradycardia following atracurium. PMID- 6688159 TI - Analysis of numerical methods for computer simulation of kinetic processes: development of KINSIM--a flexible, portable system. AB - A flexible and convenient computational method for the simulation of kinetic progress curves has been developed. A mechanism is represented in conventional chemical format with either kinetic or rapid equilibrium steps separating chemical species. A table describing the differential equations of the mechanism is generated and a direct numerical integration is performed. The same program can be used to simulate any number of mechanisms. The user may interactively set kinetic parameters to seek the optimal fit for a set of experiments, as determined by graphical superimposition of simulated curves with experimental data. Standard error analysis and automatic optimization may also be included. The program is computationally efficient and its interactive nature makes it a good teaching tool. The source code is written in FORTRAN IV and adheres closely with the ANSI 1966 standard, so as to make it maximally portable and machine independent. PMID- 6688160 TI - Analysis of folate cofactor levels in tissues using high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method for the isolation and concentration of the monoglutamate forms of folate cofactors from tissues and for their subsequent separation and quantitation using HPLC coupled with uv detection at 284 nm is described. A chromatographic procedure utilizing Dowex 50 has been developed for the separation of the folate monoglutamates from a large portion of the nonfolate-related material following digestion of the polyglutamated forms with a highly purified preparation of rat liver conjugase. This chromatographic procedure combined with concentration of the Dowex eluate by lyophilization eliminates uv-absorbing material, which interferes with the detection and quantitation of the folate cofactors and makes possible uv measurement of the individual folates. Reverse-phase paired-ion chromatography on mu Bondapak C18 coupled with uv detection allows direct quantitation of the folates in the nanogram range. PMID- 6688162 TI - Efficacy of ivermectin against Onchocerca cervicalis microfilarial dermatitis in horses. AB - Forty horses having microfilariae of Onchocerca cervicalis in association with dermatitis, alopecia, and pruritus on the ventral midline were given a single IM injection of 0.2 mg of ivermectin/kg of body weight (June to August 1981). Microfilarial counts in the 40 horses ranged from 18 to 42,446 microfilariae/skin snip on the day of treatment, and histopathologic examination of these skin sections indicated a chronic eosinophilic dermatitis. Numerous microfilariae were in the dermis, but there was no consistent relationship between the presence of microfilariae and the severity of the inflammatory reaction. In all 40 horses, skin snips taken 4 to 33 days after treatment were negative for microfilariae, and a marked clinical improvement occurred 2 to 3 weeks after treatment, when the lesion was replaced by healthy skin and new hair. Twenty-four hours after treatment, an edematous reaction occurred on the lower portion of the abdomen of 4 (10%) horses and within the area of the lesion in 6 (15% horses). The reactions disappeared within 24 to 72 hours, irrespective of whether horses were treated with corticosteroids. When further skin samples were taken from 15 horses 4 to 9 months later, 9 of them were free of microfilariae and the 6 others had only low counts (17 to 97). An additional 7 infected horses, treated when there was little chance of reinfection (November to December 1981), were all free of microfilariae at 6 to 10 days and 4 to 5 months after treatment. The marked clinical improvement in all horses after disappearance of microfilariae from the dermis indicates that microfilariae are involved in the cause and pathogenesis of the dermatitis. PMID- 6688161 TI - [Neurovegetative inhibition as a component of general anesthesia]. PMID- 6688163 TI - Changes in lung morphologic features and elasticity caused by streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus in growing rats. AB - Pressure-volume characteristics and morphologic changes were investigated in lungs of growing rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Lung elastic recoil examined with quasi-static, air-filled pressure-volume curves showed no significant differences from that in control rats at all lung volumes. No alterations of surfactant properties as measured by a surface balance were observed. A 24% increase in the volume proportion of alveolar wall was found in the lungs from diabetic rats. There was an increase in the relative amounts of collagen, elastin, and basal laminae in the alveolar wall. There were more alveoli per unit volume in the diabetic animals (49.12 X 10(5)) than in the control animals (39.80 X 10(5)) (p less than 0.05) and there was an increase in the surface-to-volume ratio of the lungs of the diabetic rats. PMID- 6688164 TI - [Value of a computerized system of real time analysis of arrhythmias in the intensive care unit. Description of the ATREC system]. AB - Automated systems of real analysis of arrhythmias, such as the ATREC system, provide an immediate, simplified rhythmological diagnosis which is directly exploitable therapeutically, especially in the Intensive Care Unit. The basic system consists of four computerized monitors and a central surveillance post. The QRS complexes are detected and numerized in two channels and according to four parameters; period, width, amplitude, area. The results appear on different tables: events, rhythm, extrasystoles, frequency histograms. The validity of the system has been tested, notably by re-reading of the traces recorded on magnetic tape and the results are entirely satisfactory. PMID- 6688165 TI - Glutaric acidemia as a cause of striatal necrosis in childhood. PMID- 6688166 TI - [Diagnosis of mycotic aneurysm of the aorta using bidimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 6688167 TI - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and autoimmune thyroid disease. PMID- 6688168 TI - Surgical pathology of obstructed, right-sided, porcine-valved extracardiac conduits. AB - Thirty-seven specimens were available from 39 children and adolescents with congenital heart disease who have had operations at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minn) to replace obstructed Hancock conduits that had been implanted 17 to 93 months (mean, 62 months). Stenosis affected the porcine valve alone in 17 (46%), the synthetic graft alone in 11 (30%), both the valve and the graft in six (16%), and other sites in three (8%). Valvular stenosis resulted from degenerative changes with secondary thrombosis and calcification, whereas insufficiency resulted from cuspid tears, thrombotic adhesions, and endocarditis. Nonvalvular obstruction resulted from progressive thickening of fenestrated neointimae, owing to organization of thrombotic debris lining the interface between the conduit and this tissue. Late postoperative conduit stenosis may develop asymptomatically and unpredictably by several different mechanisms. PMID- 6688169 TI - Fibroblastic reticulum cells in human lymph nodes. An ultrastructural study. AB - The ultrastructural characteristics of the fibroblastic reticulum cell (FRC) in human reactive lymph nodes, which were studied electron microscopically, indicate a myofibroblastic cell with unique properties. Its contractile element is probably useful in controlling the volume of the lymph node and possibly in the movement of antigens and antibodies. The FRC may also play a role in other immunologic functions and seems to be preponderant in some lymphomas. PMID- 6688170 TI - Primary leiomyosarcoma of bone. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - Primary leiomyosarcoma of bone is extremely rare. A 60-year-old woman had a mass in the right femur that was studied immunohistochemically and by electron microscopy. Human smooth-muscle actomyosin was detected in tumor cells, but human skeletal-muscle myoglobin and lysozyme (muramidase) were not. Electron microscopy of the tumor showed findings suggestive of a smooth-muscle origin, such as myofilaments, dense bodies, pinocytotic vesicles, and basement membrane. The results were diagnostic of leiomyosarcoma rather than rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, or malignant fibrous histiocytoma, which are similar neoplasms. We believe that ours is the first case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the bone proved by immunohistochemistry. PMID- 6688171 TI - Massive subchorionic hematoma. AB - Massive subchorionic hematoma (Breus' mole) of the placenta occurred in a stillbirth. The mother was receiving oral warfarin sodium. The extravasated blood was mostly fetal in origin. PMID- 6688173 TI - National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement on the Clinical Applications of Biomaterials. November 1-3, 1982. PMID- 6688172 TI - Platelets in renal scleroderma. AB - Electron microscopic findings in a case of suspected scleroderma (progressive systemic sclerosis) showed platelet aggregates within numerous capillary lumens of the kidney. Evidence suggests that platelets may be a factor in the pathogenesis of renal scleroderma. PMID- 6688174 TI - The significance of ocular morbidity in very-low-birthweight infants to the Australian health service. AB - The survival rate of very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants has greatly increased due to the introduction of intensive-care methods to neonatal nurseries. It was feared that this would also cause an increase in the amount of ocular morbidity associated with prematurity. In order to estimate this, 111 very-low-birthweight infants (birthweights less than or equal to 1500 g) were reviewed at two years of age. They comprised 63% of the total number of long-term surviving babies born at, or transferred in the neonatal period to, the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, in 1977 and 1978. In 33% a significant ocular problem was detected; 19% had strabismus, 17% had a significant refractive error, 10% had cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia (RLF), and 2.7% were blind, due to optic atrophy associated with cerebral palsy. Other studies have shown that 7% of VLBW infants develop severe (Stage III) RLF, and 18% of these (1.26% of VLBW infants) will be socially or totally blind. In order to estimate the significance of VLBW infants to the ophthalmic health services, and to the organisations for the care of the visually handicapped, these figures can be extrapolated. Based on 1980 figures, it would be expected that approximately 1105 VLBW infants would survive annually, and nine would become blind from RLF, while 110 would have been affected by RLF. Thirty-three children would be blind from optic atrophy associated with cerebral palsy, 210 would have strabismus, and at least 187 would have a significant refractive error. VLBW infants will contribute significantly to the number of children requiring ocular care, and because of the high incidence of ocular abnormalities, it is recommended that routine screening of all VLBW infants be carried out at one year and two years of age. PMID- 6688175 TI - Milk antibodies in pulmonary inhalation. AB - To determine the association between inhalation and increased circulating milk antibodies, the presence of milk precipitins and haemagglutinating titres of antibody to casein and lactalbumin were determined in a series of 100 children studied by radionuclide 'milk scan' and/or barium swallow for possible milk inhalation. Sixty-five were investigated because of reflux and/or inhalation (REFLUX), while 35 were evaluated after near-miss sudden infant death (SID). Inhalation was demonstrated in 23/65 Reflux and 9/35 Sid patients. The incidence of milk precipitins was 22% (5/23) of the REFLUX with demonstrable inhalation, 12% (5/42) of the REFLUX without demonstrable inhalation, 0% (0/23) SID and 2% (21/1005) of an unselected series of hospital patient sera. The incidence of milk precipitins was increased in cases with demonstrated inhalation and lower respiratory tract symptoms. Determination of antibody titres to casein and lactalbumin did not provide additional benefit in the diagnosis of milk inhalation. Detection of milk precipitins can provide additional support to the diagnosis of milk inhalation. PMID- 6688176 TI - Structural studies on the microfibrillar proteins of wool. Interaction between alpha-helical segments and reassembly of a four-chain structure. AB - The alpha-helix-rich particle of Mr 50 200, derived by limited alpha-chymotryptic digestion of the solubilized microfibrillar proteins from wool alpha-keratin, consists mainly of polypeptide-chain segments of Mr 12 500 (fraction ChC) and 25 000 (fraction ChB). The 12 500-Mr segments are of two types (I and II), which are derived from different polypeptide chains of the microfibrillar complex. Each of these type-I and type-II segments partially self-associates in benign solvents to form either dimers or tetramers. When mixed, the two segments show changes in physical properties (alpha-helix content, difference spectra and molecular weight) indicative of complex-formation. The maximum changes occur when the two segments are mixed in an equimolar ratio. Complexes isolated after rapid dialysis of mixtures from 8 M-urea solution were examined by various methods. A tetrameric structure is the main product formed in all cases, and the maximum amount of tetramer is obtained from equimolar mixtures of the type-I and type-II polypeptides. When urea is removed by dialysis from the unfractionated 12 500-Mr segments (fraction ChC) or from the alpha-helix-rich particle itself, a similar complex of Mr 50 000 is formed. The physical properties of these reconstituted entities (alpha-helix content, molecular weight, thermal stability and exposure of tyrosine residues) are similar to those of the original alpha-helix-rich particle. Cross-linking experiments with dimethyl suberimidate are in agreement with a four-chain complex for the reassembled structures. A pair of double stranded alpha-helices is proposed for the particle, and is considered to be an integral part of the microfibrillar complex in wool alpha-keratin. PMID- 6688177 TI - The role of 5-aminolaevulinate synthase, haem oxygenase and ligand formation in the mechanism of maintenance of cytochrome P-450 concentration in hepatocyte culture. AB - The present work shows that the ability of pyridines e.g. metyrapone, to maintain the cytochrome P-450 concentration in cultured hepatocytes is not due to their ability to alter the 5-aminolaevulinate synthase and haem oxygenase activities of the hepatocytes. Since ligands such as metyrapone will prevent the cobalt mediated loss of hepatic cytochrome P-450 in rats, the hypothesis that ligand formation is the mechanism of maintenance of the cytochrome in hepatocyte culture was tested. The observation that non-pyridine ligands will maintain the cytochrome P-450 concentration supports this hypothesis. PMID- 6688178 TI - Regulation of methionine-enkephalin precursor messenger RNA in rat striatum by haloperidol and lithium. AB - Daily injections of rats with haloperidol for 21 days or lithium chloride for 5 days elevated the content of Met-enkephalin in the striatum by 86% or 66%, respectively. Poly(A)+ RNA from striata of drug-treated and control rats was translated in vitro, and the amount of synthesized enkephalin precursor [35S]preproenkephalin A was determined by immunoprecipitation and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Haloperidol or lithium treatment increased the relative amount of preproenkephalin A synthesized by 67-98% or 25-29%, respectively. These results suggest that haloperidol elevates the Met-enkephalin content primarily by increasing the precursor mRNA content or activity, while lithium exerts its effect only in part by this mechanism. PMID- 6688179 TI - Perinatal changes of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the rat liver. AB - In order to investigate a possible regulatory role of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in early developmental stages, where profound changes in the carbohydrate metabolism are known to occur, this effector was estimated in fetal and postnatal rat liver. Polyphasic changes of the hepatic fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels were found, which could be correlated to alterations in the glucose metabolism. A minimum in the hepatic fructose 2,6-bisphosphate level at the -3rd day coincides with the initiation of glycogen synthesis and its increase two hours after birth concurs with glycogen mobilization. PMID- 6688180 TI - Steroid-lipid interactions in sonicated dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline vesicles: a steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy study with all trans-1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as probe. AB - The effect of steroid chemical structure on steroid-lipid interaction is studied in sonicated dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles by steady-state and time resolved fluorescence anisotropy techniques using diphenylhexatriene as probe. A large number of cholesterol derivatives and steroids, some of them being precursors involved in corticosteroids biosynthesis, has been studied. Addition of a polar group on the side chain in carbon-20 or 22 position evokes considerable difference for the interaction with the bilayer. The carbon-22 position appears to be of critical importance. This observation may be relevant for the functioning of mitochondria from steroid producing tissues, where a stereospecific hydroxylation of cholesterol at the carbon-22R position is required for pregnenolone synthesis. PMID- 6688181 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and psoriasis. AB - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) has been measured in the skin, jejunum and liver of normal and psoriatic individuals. We have been unable to confirm previous reports of an abnormality in AHH activity in patients with psoriasis. Re examination of the laboratory records on which the original reports were based leads us to doubt their veracity and validity. PMID- 6688183 TI - A new model of osteoarthritis in rabbits. I. Development of knee joint pathology following lateral meniscectomy and section of the fibular collateral and sesamoid ligaments. AB - A partial lateral meniscectomy procedure has been developed for the induction of a predictable and reproducible degenerative joint disease in knees of rabbits. The procedure adopted involves section of the fibular collateral and sesamoid ligaments and removal of 4-5 mm of the anterior lateral meniscus. In most experiments the animals are killed and tissues obtained for histologic examination at 6 weeks. Section of the ligaments alone (with or without penetration of the joint space) did not result in significant pathologic change. Significant degeneration was observed in tibial and femoral cartilage when the meniscus as well as the ligaments were cut, but the most extensive lesions were seen when a piece of the anterolateral meniscus was actually removed. These lesions included fibrillation, ulceration and erosion, "clone" and osteophyte formation, loss of chondrocytes, and loss of safraninophilic staining in the articular cartilage. The incidence and distribution of lesions with time following surgery were also investigated. Lesions were observed as early as 1-2 weeks post-surgery and increased in number and severity up to 12 weeks. A global scoring system has been devised to permit statistical comparisons of lesion incidence and severity in different groups of rabbits. This scoring system has enabled us to test drug efficacy in the rabbit lateral meniscectomy model of osteoarthritis. PMID- 6688182 TI - In vivo and in vitro effects of nafazatrom (Bay g 6575), an antithrombotic compound, on arachidonic acid metabolism in platelets and vascular tissue. AB - Nafazatrom, given acutely to male volunteers, had no effect on platelet aggregation, associated thromboxane B2 (TXB2) formation or the evaluated hormonal, renal and cardiovascular parameters. Only slight increases in plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and in platelet counts were observed. However, a marked influence of nafazatrom on arachidonic acid metabolism in certain in vitro systems was found. Prostaglandin synthesis by rabbit kidney cortex microsomes was significantly enhanced, PGI2 being stimulated the most. In normal human platelets arachidonic acid metabolism was not influenced significantly by nafazatrom which was taken up by the platelets in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, in platelets with a high peroxide level probably due to depletion of reducing cofactors, 12-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid was transformed to 12-hydroxy eicosatetetraenoic acid by nafazatrom, while the formation of TXB2 was stimulated. These findings suggest that nafazatrom may act as a reducing cofactor for the hydroperoxidase involved in the cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 6688184 TI - Factors affecting the error in the Loo-Riegelman method for estimating the rate of drug absorption. Some suggestions for a practical sampling schedule. AB - During the development of a new computer program for the Loo-Riegelman method for the estimation of the rate drug absorption, it was found that many factors can affect the accuracy of the estimated absorption rate constant (ka). In this paper a survey of the factors affecting the errors in the estimation of ka by the Loo Riegelman method is made. By simulating data and computer techniques, the effects of factors related to each step in the calculation procedure as well as the influence of certain pharmacokinetic parameters were studied in detail. If these factors are not well controlled, the estimated error in ka will become very large, in some cases even surpassing 30%. In addition, it was derived that careful attention has to be paid to both sampling time and the number of plasma samples. A "trial and error" method for obtaining an optimal sampling schedule that minimizes the error of ka is presented. PMID- 6688185 TI - Physicochemical characterization of large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles prepared by reverse-phase evaporation. AB - Properties of large unilamellar vesicles (LUV), composed of phosphatidylcholine and prepared by reverse-phase evaporation and subsequent extrusion through Unipore polycarbonate membranes, have been investigated and compared with those of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) and of multilamellar vesicles (MLV). The unilamellar nature of the LUV is shown by 1H-NMR using Pr3+ as a shift reagent. The gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition of LUV composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monitored by differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene and 90 degrees light scattering, occurs at a slight lower temperature (40.8 degrees C) than that of MLV (42 degrees C) and is broadened by about 50%. The phase transition of SUV is shifted to considerably lower temperatures (mid-point, 38 degrees C) and extends over a wide temperature range. In LUV a well-defined pretransition is not observed. The permeability of LUV (DPPC) monitored by leakage of carboxyfluorescein, increases sharply at the phase transition temperature, and the extent of release is greater than that from MLV. Leakage from SUV occurs in a wide temperature range. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of LUV (DPPC) reveals vesicles of 0.1-0.2 micron diameter with mostly smooth fracture faces. At temperatures below the phase transition, the larger vesicles in the population have angled faces, as do extruded MLV. A banded pattern, seen in MLV at temperatures between the pretransition and the main transition, is not observed in the smaller LUV, although the larger vesicles reveal a dimpled appearance. PMID- 6688186 TI - Genome-independent effects of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D-3 on membrane potential. AB - Cell membrane potential, Vm, was monitored in rabbit hypertrophic cartilage metatarsals, amphibian proximal tubule and muscle cells during application of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D-3, 25-hydroxy vitamin D-3 or cholesterol (10(-10) M). 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D-3 elicited quick variations of Vm (in less than 1 min) in proximal tubular cells (whether injected in the lumen or in peritubular capillaries) and in cartilage. The precursor 25-hydroxy vitamin D-3 and cholesterol produced a small shift of Vm in proximal tubule only when applied from the luminal side, but this change was significantly smaller than that observed with 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D-3. Muscle cells were unresponsive to both metabolites and cholesterol. It is concluded that rapid effects of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D-3 on Vm, in target cells, are specific, most likely due to permeability changes and not related to nuclear protein synthesis; they may contribute to early modulation of cell function. PMID- 6688187 TI - A low-temperature structural phase transition of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine bilayers in the gel phase. AB - A new thermotropic phase transition, at -30 degrees C and atmospheric pressure, was found to occur in the gel phase of aqueous DPPC dispersions. The Raman spectral changes at this phase transition are similar to those observed in the gel phase of DMPC dispersions at -60 degrees C. The thermotropic phase transition at -30 degrees C is equivalent to the barotropic GII to GIII phase transition observed in DPPC at 1.7 kbar and 30 degrees C. It is shown that the rate of the large angle interchain reorientational fluctuations decreases gradually with decreasing temperature, and that the orientationally disordered acyl chain structure of the GII phase is extended into the GIII phase of DPPC. The interchain interaction, arising from the damping of the reorientational fluctuations, increases with decreasing temperature in the GII gel phase as well as in the GIII gel phase. PMID- 6688188 TI - Cell-surface changes during mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes assessed by the binding of wheat-germ agglutinin and other plant lectins. AB - Lymphocytes from murine lymph node, cultured in the presence of an optimally mitogenic dose of phytohaemagglutinin, were stained with fluoresceinated lectins and analysed by flow cytometry. A marked increase in the ability of lymphocytes to bind wheat-germ agglutinin was observed that is particularly pronounced for the blast cells, reaching a maximum at about 40 h, when they are 5.5-times brighter than cells at zero time. The corresponding intensification of the small cells is 2-fold. Much smaller increases in binding accompanying blast transformation were observed when fluoresceinated concanavalin A or Lens culinaris haemagglutinin were used. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of plasma membranes followed by treatment of the gels with radioactively labelled lectins and autoradiography also showed a very distinct increase in the binding of wheat germ agglutinin to membranes from mitogen-stimulated porcine lymphocytes. Less marked changes in the binding of concanavalin A, Lens culinaris heamagglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 were also noted. The apparent multiplicity of glycoproteins that bind each lectin, suggests that in each case the sites are heterogeneous. We conclude that lymphocytes stimulated by the T-cell mitogen phytohaemagglutinin expose new glycoprotein receptors for wheat-germ agglutinin that are most abundant on blast cells at 40 h. Attempts to characterize the receptor biochemically suggest that the carbohydrate moiety recognised by wheat germ agglutinin is present on a glycoprotein of approx. 120 kDa molecular mass and also possibly on glycoproteins of 170-190 kDa. PMID- 6688189 TI - A 1H and 13C NMR study of motional changes of dipalmitoyl lecithin associated with the pretransition. AB - Motional changes of the dipalmitoyl lecithin molecule associated with the pretransition in multibilayers are investigated by proton-enhanced 13C-NMR and proton spin-locking experiments. The nitrogen-bound methyl groups of the polar head exhibit faster motion and more disorder in the intermediate phase compared with the gel phase. Although little or no change occurs in the hydrocarbon chain order at the pretransition, the corresponding motional correlation time changes by one order of magnitude. This is consistent with a model involving rotational motion of the hydrocarbon chains about their long axes: in the gel phase the motion is such that neighboring chains make an oscillating disrotatory motion, while in contrast, in the intermediate phase a quasi-free chain rotation takes place. Earlier contradicting results of Davies, J., 1979, Biophys. J., 27:339 358, and ourselves, Trahms, L., and E. Boroske, 1979, Biochim, Biophys. Acta. 552:189-193, are explained by this model. PMID- 6688190 TI - 1H-NMR study of the three low temperature phases of DPPC-water systems. AB - The three phases of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-water dispersions, occurring below the main transition are studied by a moment analysis of 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The subtransition, recently detected by Chen, S. C., J. M. Sturtevant, and B. J. Gaffney, 1980, Pro. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77:5060-5063, is characterized by a sharp drop in the second moment at 12 degrees C as a result of increasing the temperature. Interesting features of this phase transition are a hysteresis of 11 K and extremely slow kinetics. It is interpreted as the onset of a flip-flop of the hydrocarbon chains about their long axis. At the pretransition, this type of motion is assumed to change into a fast rotation. The proposed models for the three phases are confirmed by computer calculations of theoretical values for the second and fourth moments of the corresponding NMR signals. PMID- 6688191 TI - Conformational features of cell-bound drugs as detected by selective proton relaxation rate investigations. AB - The nonselective and selective longitudinal relaxation rates were measured for procaine protons in the presence of model lipid membranes, biological membranes and whole cells. Unlike the nonselective relaxation rates, the selective rate was shown to be particularly sensitive in detecting binding interactions with macromolecular cell constituents. It was shown that the aromatic moiety of procaine is involved in binding the cell plasma membrane. PMID- 6688194 TI - Acute pancreatitis associated with lymphosarcoma. PMID- 6688192 TI - [Subarachnoid analgesia induced by serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on an isolated spinal cord of rats that morphine, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) induce the depolarization of the central terminals of primary afferents. The depolarizing effect of morphine is mediated via interneurons, while the similar effect of serotonin and GABA is the result of a direct action on primary afferents. Subarachnoidal injection of morphine (0.1-0.6 mg), serotonin (0.1-0.3 mg) and GABA (0.3-0.6 mg) provokes analgesia upon electric stimulation of the tail root in rats. PMID- 6688193 TI - Initial chemotherapy for clinically localized lymphomas of unfavorable histology. AB - Forty-five patients with localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of unfavorable histologic type (41 patients had diffuse histiocytic, 2 had nodular mixed, and 2 had minimally nodular histiocytic lymphoma) were treated with initial chemotherapy (28 patients), including cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP), or with initial CHOP followed by involved field radiotherapy (17 patients). Patients were clinically staged and found to have stage I (7 patients), stage IE (8), stage II (12), and stage IIE (18). Despite the presence of potentially adverse prognostic factors, including age older than 65 yr (11 patients), bulky disease (17), gastrointestinal involvement (9), and "B" symptoms (4), 44 of 45 patients (98%) achieved a complete response. Forty-two patients (93%) are alive with a median follow-up time of 41 mo (range 3-128 mo). Thirty-eight patients (84%) remain continuously free of disease. Neither the pretreatment clinical features nor the type of treatment significantly influenced the outcome for patients treated with initial chemotherapy. Patients who failed treatment relapsed at distant sites or in initially involved sites whether or not they received radiotherapy. Initial treatment for localized lymphomas of unfavorable histology with chemotherapy regimens of proven curative potential in advanced disease is a successful treatment strategy and obviates the need for extensive staging. The role of involved field radiotherapy following initial chemotherapy needs to be defined. PMID- 6688196 TI - Effects of phosphate and 1,25(OH)2D3 on in vitro bone collagen synthesis in the hypophosphatemic mouse. AB - Calvarial bones from hypophosphatemic (Hyp) mice and normal littermates were cultured in a chemically defined medium to determine: (a) the effect of medium phosphate (Pi) concentration (1, 2, and 3 mM) on collagen synthesis; (b) the effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] (10(-12)M-10(-7)M) on collagen synthesis; and (c) whether bone responsiveness to 1,25(OH)2D3 was affected by changes in medium Pi concentration. Bone collagen synthesis was evaluated by measuring [ 3H ]hydroxyproline formation. The distribution of labeled hydroxyproline between bone explant and culture medium (total and dialyzable fraction) was studied. These experiments confirm that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits specifically bone collagen synthesis in vitro. We did not detect any effect of medium Pi concentration on basal collagen synthesis but were able to demonstrate that lowering medium Pi concentration increased the 1,25(OH)2D3 induced inhibition of collagen synthesis. Bones from both genotypes responded to 1,25(OH)2D3, but modulation of this response by changes in Pi concentration was altered in Hyp bone as, in contrast to normal bone, its response to 1,25(OH)2D3 was unaffected when medium Pi concentration was decreased from 3 to 2 mM. These findings support the hypothesis of an altered response of bone to 1,25(OH)2D3 in the Hyp mouse. PMID- 6688195 TI - Schistosomal genital granulomas: a report of 10 cases. AB - Genital lesions caused by Schistosoma spp are difficult to diagnose because of their similarity to those of common sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Over two years 10 cases of genital lesions were identified by skin or cervical biopsies as being caused by schistosomal infection. Definitive diagnosis is possible only when schistosomal ova are identified by histological examination of biopsy specimens. Routine biopsies of proliferative genital lesions are therefore recommended in regions where Schistosoma spp are endemic. PMID- 6688197 TI - JO and STATJO: programs for investigating the visual field with the Octopus automatic perimeter. AB - In evaluating the effectiveness of glaucoma therapy the visual field is the most important consideration. Comparison of visual fields is difficult, however, and only large changes are detectable with the methods of manual perimetry currently used. Two programs created for use with the Octopus automatic perimeter are described in this paper. One of the programs, called JO, is sensitive to small changes in threshold; the other, called STATJO, calculates means and converts the results to a form suitable for statistical evaluation. PMID- 6688198 TI - Early response to chemotherapy as a prognostic factor in Hodgkin's disease. AB - In 164 patients with Hodgkin's disease staged between 1973 and 1979 the response to the 3 initial cycles of multiagent chemotherapy was evaluated as a prognosticator of survival. Treatment of localized disease (Stages I, II, III1) consisted of 3 cycles of chemotherapy followed by subtotal nodal irradiation, including the splenic area in non splenectomized patients. Treatment of extended disease (Stage III2 and IV) consisted of 6 cycles followed by low-dosage radiotherapy of initial bulky disease. Five-year actuarial survival was 88% in Stage I, 80% in II, 100% in III1, 45% in III2 and IV. Chemotherapy-induced complete remission after 3 cycles (CH leads to CR) was associated with a favorable prognosis. Five-year survival of Stage III2 and IV patients was better in those who reached CH leads to CR than in those who did not (75% versus 25%; P less than 0.01). This relationship between CH leads to CR and five-year survival was confirmed in patients with localized disease, as shown in Stage II patients (respectively 97% versus 63%; P less than 0.05). Therefore the response to initial chemotherapy provides a new prognostic factor that may serve to delineate a "high-risk" group of patients. The latter deserve aggressive therapy while those in the favorable group would benefit from a less aggressive combined regimen that would minimize long-term complications. PMID- 6688199 TI - Phase II evaluation of amsacrine (m-AMSA) in solid tumors, myeloma, and lymphoma: a University of Arizona and Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - A phase II trial was conducted to determine the clinical activity of amsacrine (m AMSA) in patients with heavily pretreated solid tumors, myeloma, and lymphoma at the University of Arizona Cancer Center. Additionally, m-AMSA was evaluated at other Southwest Oncology Group institutions in breast cancer, myeloma, melanoma, and oat cell cancer of the lung. At a dose of 120 mg/m2 given iv every 28 days, 12 partial responses were observed in 221 patients evaluable for response. Some antitumor activity was observed in breast cancer (four responses of 65 patients), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (three of nine), Hodgkin's disease (two of five), and sarcoma (two of 15). A partial response was also documented in one of two patients with cervical cancer. Among the 135 patients treated at the University of Arizona who were extensively evaluated for toxic effects, only myelosuppression and anemia were seen in a significant number of patients. At this dose and schedule, 29% of patients developed leukopenia of less than 3000 cells/mm3, 16% developed a thrombocytopenia of less than 100,000 cells/mm3, and 29% had an acute fall in hemoglobin of greater than or equal to 2 g/100 ml. In addition, two patients suffered grand mal seizures which were not clearly drug related. These results suggest that further study of m-AMSA in lymphoma, sarcoma, and cervical cancer is warranted. PMID- 6688200 TI - Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) in patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease: a Southwest Oncology Group Phase II Study. PMID- 6688201 TI - Frame by frame analysis of left ventricular function. Quantitative assessment of regional and temporal function. AB - We made a frame by frame analysis of the left ventricular cineangiogram to quantitate normal regional left ventricular function. Two different methods were used: contraction of the left ventricle towards a fixed point at the center of its long axis, and a pattern of contraction normal to the outline of the ventricle. Each method was used with and without correction for rotation and translational movement during systole. Left ventricular contraction and relaxation were represented graphically on a three-dimensional perspective plot and also using contour mapping techniques. The normal values and standard deviation were calculated for the extent, velocity and time course of ventricular contraction and relaxation in each region of the ventricle. The study provided a graphic visual display of the regional contractile pattern of the normal ventricle. PMID- 6688202 TI - Effects of vascular trauma and transient myocardial ischaemia on coronary venous prostaglandin levels in the dog. AB - The plasma concentrations of immunoreactive thromboxane B2 and 6-keto prostaglandin-F1 alpha were determined in coronary venous blood sampled from open chested, anaesthetised beagle dogs by local vein catheterisation. Thromboxane levels were high immediately following catheterisation (2.08 +/- 0.75 ng X ml-1, mean +/- SEM, n = 6) and fell over 25 min to 0.48 +/- 0.07 ng X ml-1. Initial trauma of the coronary veins (agitation of the catheter) produced a large but variable increase to 5.13 +/- 2.27 ng X ml-1 (0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05) within 2 min, but arterial trauma (repeated momentary occlusions) produced 0.4 +/- 0.03 ng X ml-1, a value not significantly different from control. After 7 min ischaemia an increase to 0.98 +/- 0.26 ng X ml-1 was detected (P less than 0.05). Reperfusion after 15 min ischaemia caused a fall to 0.43 +/- 0.09 ng X ml 1 at 2 min. In contrast, 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1 alpha levels varied little with trauma but increased to 0.64 +/- 0.14 ng X ml-1 (P less than 0.01) within 2 min ischaemia, remaining elevated. On reperfusion, levels fell to 0.27 +/- 0.06 ng X ml-1 (P less than 0.05) at 2 min, progressively increasing to 0.35 +/- 0.05 ng X ml-1 at 30 min. We conclude that intimal trauma of coronary veins induced thromboxane release and that the physical effects of venous sampling may contribute to apparent thromboxane release from ischaemic muscle. Although transient arterial and venous trauma had no significant effect on 6-keto prostaglandin-F1 alpha, it is still possible that its release during ischaemia may follow prolonged arterial clamping. PMID- 6688203 TI - Thyroid dysfunction and lithium. Case report. PMID- 6688205 TI - An evaluation of plasma exchange for Graves' ophthalmopathy. AB - Eighteen patients with ocular manifestations of Graves' disease were treated by plasma exchange. Detailed clinical, ophthalmological and orthoptic assessments were made including computerized axial tomography and A + B scan ultrasound of the orbits. Seventeen different ocular parameters were separately rated for each patient. The changes recorded were small, statistically insignificant, and no patient was cured of ocular disease. There were no significant correlations between the ocular changes recorded and age, sex, duration of ophthalmic symptoms, the presence of thyroid antibodies, the number of exchanges, or the concurrent administration of azathioprine. PMID- 6688204 TI - Unusual sialilation of the serum DBP associated with the Gc 1 allele in alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. AB - The serum level of the 'vitamin D binding protein' (DBP) or Gc ('group-specific component'), its phenotype distribution and the quantitative estimation of the different electrophoretic isoforms were determined in a sample of healthy individuals (blood donors) and in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. It is shown that the serum DBP levels and the amount of the different electrophoretic isoforms are influenced by the protein phenotypes. In the patients an increased frequency of the Gc 1 allele is noticed. For the first time, an unusual form of the apo DBP protein was detected but only in the sera of the Gc 1 allele carriers. The protein form investigated by analytical procedures presents one more sialic acid residue than the usual Gc 1 protein. This unusual metabolic transformation of the DBP is mostly observed among male patients and is often associated with a deteriorating clinical outcome. PMID- 6688206 TI - Thyroid autoantibody synthesis by cultures of thyroid and peripheral blood lymphocytes. II. Effect of thyroglobulin on thyroglobulin antibody synthesis. AB - The influence of antigen (thyroglobulin, Tg) on Tg antibody synthesis has been investigated using cultures of Hashimoto thyroid and peripheral blood lymphocytes. In cultures of thyroid lymphocytes, Tg antibody synthesis was stimulated by a 24h pulse of Tg (10-100 micrograms/ml) and similar results were obtained using spleen lymphocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with human Tg. In contrast, Tg antibody synthesis by Hashimoto peripheral blood lymphocytes was not affected by similar concentrations of Tg (1-240 micrograms/ml) in the presence or absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM). However, peripheral blood lymphocytes from two out of nine patients produced increased levels of Tg antibody in the presence of very low concentrations of Tg (50 ng/ml). This increase in Tg antibody production was accompanied by a rise in total IgG synthesis indicating that the response to Tg was polyclonal. On the basis of other unusual features of the lymphocyte cultures from these two patients including a relatively small response to PWM and evidence of circulating plasma cells, it is suggested that sufficient numbers of lymphocytes responsive to Tg are only released into the circulation during active phases of the disease process. PMID- 6688207 TI - Methimazole inhibits thyroid autoantibody production by an action on accessory cells. AB - It is now possible to demonstrate production of thyroglobulin antibodies by Hashimoto lymphocytes when they are cultured with autologous thyroglobulin-primed accessory cells. When accessory cells are primed with antigen in the presence of the antithyroid drug methimazole, antibody production is blocked. This finding suggests that the immunosuppressive action of this group of antithyroid drugs is mediated by an action on antigen handling by accessory cells. PMID- 6688209 TI - [Pirenzepin versus cimetidine in duodenal ulcer: short-term controlled clinical study]. PMID- 6688208 TI - Studies of the thymus in mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma. II. Modulation of thymic natural killer activity by thymulin (FTS-Zn) and the antimetastatic effect of zinc. AB - Modulation of thymic natural killer (NK) cell activity by the serum thymic factor (thymulin or FTS-Zn) was demonstrated in mice carrying the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL). Thymulin decreased the increased NK activity found in amputated (tumor) tumor-bearing mice and induced a significant NK activity in nonamputated mice, normally devoid of such activity. Zinc had no effect in either case. Histological studies revealed that zinc prevented the tumor-induced thymic atrophy. A clear cut decrease in the number of lung metastases was observed in zinc-treated mice. This effect was suppressed by concomitant administration of thymulin to amputated mice. The thymic dependency of the anti-metastatic action of zinc as well as the mode of action of thymulin on NK cell activity in tumor-bearing animals is discussed. PMID- 6688210 TI - Habituation, sensitization, and redirection of aggression and feeding behavior in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). AB - Three-spined stickleback males maintained in individual aquaria built nests and defended the entire aquarium as a territory. Adjacent compartments containing another male stickleback, a gravid female, or a nongravid female provided a social context within which to study the habituation and sensitization of aggression elicited by a conspecific male intruded into the subject's territory. Typical sensitization-habituation curves were found for all fish regardless of the kind of neighbor. However, behavior redirected as a result of the stimulation of the intruded male differed between conditions. The group with a male neighbor showed increased aggression toward the neighbor, the group with a gravid female neighbor showed courtship, and the group with nongravid female showed neither. A third behavior, nest building, showed no difference between conditions, a result providing little evidence for a simple explanation in terms of general arousal. A second experiment elicited the same motor response to the intruded stimulus, but the motivational category was changed by eliciting the behavior by presenting live brine shrimp. In this experiment, aggression did not change during habituation, but the waning predation was redirected to another food-securing behavior, picking at the substrate. The results provide evidence for the important role that social context plays in understanding the redirection of behaviors, a phenomenon predicted from an extension of the dual-process theory of habituation. PMID- 6688211 TI - Implications of rapid uniform density changes on hepatic computed tomography. AB - Uniform hepatic density alterations may be due to fatty infiltration or hemochromatosis. Whole liver density pattern changes may occur with rapidity where there is liver fat accumulation or mobilization. Averaged hepatic densities from concomitantly increased fat and iron accumulation can result in a false impression of liver normalcy. Two cases are presented to illustrate these points and the importance of understanding the patterns in terms of pathophysiology and response to treatment. PMID- 6688213 TI - A simplified computer report. Towards an understandable pulmonary function test. AB - We have developed a graphic format for the display of pulmonary function test results. Patient test results appear as a series of horizontal bar graphs. Each bar length is proportional to the test result and is printed over the normal ranges. This format allows rapid recognition of individually abnormal values. We have also grouped bars to create distinctive patterns characteristic of obstructive or restrictive lung disease. A computer program generates a custom form for each patient, displaying the results and ranges only for the specific test performed on that individual. No preprinting of forms is required. Written in the BASIC computer language, this program was designed to be flexible. A change of program parameters requires only minor program modification. In addition, because of its simplicity, our program can be implemented on almost any computer printer. PMID- 6688214 TI - [Thyroiditis from the surgical viewpoint]. AB - 1296 Patients were treated for thyroid disorders in the Surgical Clinic of the University of Graz between 1975 and 1981. In 3.5% thyroiditis was diagnosed, 75% struma lymphomatosa Hashimoto and 25% subacute thyroiditis de Quervain. 75% of all cases were classified only by histological postoperative examination. Suspected malignancy leads in most cases to operative treatment, but there are also indications because of the inflammatory lesion. We do not believe that thyroiditis should be treated surgically as thyroid carcinoma, neither provides the low incidence between carcinoma and thyroid inflammation any radicality for preventing malignant disorders. PMID- 6688212 TI - Data processing in clinical virology. PMID- 6688215 TI - [Infectious aneurysm of the infrarenal aorta. Comments apropos of 2 cases of brucellar etiology]. PMID- 6688216 TI - Colonoscopic decompression and intubation of the cecum for Ogilvie's syndrome. AB - Cecal distention due to pseudo-obstruction of the left colon may result in perforation or necrosis of the right colon with catastrophic consequences. This problem occurs in people who are ill from other causes; therefore, the mortality and morbidity is high in Ogilvie's syndrome whether treated operatively or nonoperatively. The treatment of choice has been tube cecostomy when cecal diameter exceeds 12 cm on supine films. Fiberoptic colonoscopy has provided a new treatment modality for this condition. The cecum can be decompressed safely in most cases. Recurrent distention can be avoided by transanal intubation of the cecum. A case is discussed, and the technique of cecal intubation is described. PMID- 6688218 TI - Effect of brand on the serum level of aspirin. AB - The authors present a case of a four-year-old female, treated with aspirin for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A generic preparation was given first, but plasma salicylate levels remained significantly below the required therapeutic range. Upon changing to a brand-name product, however, therapeutic levels were achieved after one day. The authors conclude that the source of aspirin used had a marked effect on the serum salicylate level. PMID- 6688217 TI - A microcomputer program for tobramycin consult services, based on the two compartment pharmacokinetic model. AB - A microcomputer program has been developed to provide assistance to tobramycin clinical pharmacokinetic consult services. Written for the Apple II Plus computer with 64 K memory, one-disk drive, and a dot matrix graphics printer, this software is user-oriented and simple to operate. The program disk contains complete documentation and referenced instructions. Major sections provide empiric dosing recommendations based on population data and allow determination of dosage from measured serum concentrations. The program keeps a record of previous regimens, allows for the entry of the user's own recommendation, and provides complete flexibility for up to 15 dosage and interval changes. In addition to its dosing information and file management capabilities, the program simulates serum concentration profiles based on user-selected one-compartment, two-compartment, or two-compartment prenephrotoxic models. The program prints a consult sheet with concentration vs. time simulation, patient demographic data, and user-entered recommendations and comments. The program provides extensive disk storage capabilities for patient files, with immediate access to facilitate updating and dosing regimen changes as they occur. In addition to providing improvements in empiric dosing capabilities, pharmacokinetic modeling, and data handling, this computer software has been designed to incorporate pharmacokinetic data derived from important subpopulations into the empiric dosing algorithms. This unique aspect enables the program to provide improved empiric dosing regimens for patients who do not fall under the guidelines for any of the conventional aminoglycoside dosing nomograms. PMID- 6688220 TI - The effects of intratracheally-administered imipramine on the rat lung. AB - The tricyclic antidepressant imipramine was instilled directly onto the lung surface of experimental rats in specific low doses (0.025 - 0.60 mg/kg body weight) and the animals were sacrificed at time intervals from 2 - 21 days after a single instillation. Such treatment caused changes almost exclusively confined to the alveolar surface. Alterations were induced in the free cell numbers and lung lavage protein levels while alveolar lipid and pulmonary surfactant levels were elevated. All such changes could be considered indicative of a mild toxic reaction. Imipramine at these low dose levels appeared specific in its effect in promoting surfactant accumulation in the absence of other toxic effects. PMID- 6688221 TI - Oral manifestations of sexually related diseases. PMID- 6688219 TI - Programmable solution for the Michaelis-Menten equation. PMID- 6688222 TI - FORTRAN algorithms for evaluating Fourier transforms of line spread functions. AB - FORTRAN IV algorithms are presented for calculating the modulation transfer function, the phase transfer function, the modulation transfer function area, an information transfer function, and the optimum frequency response as well as plotting the curves for these matrices. An important feature of the programs is an editing routine. PMID- 6688224 TI - Heme oxygenase activity is decreased by D-penicillamine in neonates. AB - A 3-day D-penicillamine treatment of neonatal rats caused a significant decrease in heme oxygenase activity. This change was not observed in adult rats. The data indicate age-related differences in the effects of D-penicillamine. PMID- 6688223 TI - Influence of inhibitors of protein synthesis on restitution of tubular transport capacity after unilateral nephrectomy. AB - One day after unilateral nephrectomy (uNX), excretion of p-aminohippurate (PAH) reaches 80% of control values in rats. A stimulation of tubular transport by repeated administration of xenobiotics shortened the phase of diminished PAH excretion capacity following. The relative extent of compensation (%) after uNX is not affected significantly by inhibitors of protein synthesis. These inhibitors influence the time course of compensation after uNX. Administration of azauracil, fluorouracil and neomycin, respectively, causes a dose dependent reduction of PAH excretion in nephrectomized and sham operated animals. This effect is also provable following pretreatment with cyclopenthiazide, which can stimulate the PAH elimination. A stimulated renal function after uNX can also be suppressed by high doses of inhibitors of protein synthesis. In contrast to this, small doses of these substances produce a stimulation of renal PAH excretion. The extent of this stimulation reached the same degree as after cyclopenthiazide pretreatment found in preliminary experiments. An additional treatment with cyclopenthiazide does not additionally increase PAH excretion. These results indicate that processes of compensatory growth as well as induction of renal tubular transport are caused by increased protein synthesis. PMID- 6688225 TI - Collagen of fibrocartilage: a distinctive molecular phenotype in bovine meniscus. AB - Fibrocartilage of bovine knee meniscus was analyzed for major and minor collagen constituents. The main fraction (approximately 98%) of pepsin-solubilized collagen consisted of type I with a small proportion (less than 10%) of type III molecules. The minor fraction (1--2%) isolated by salt precipitation could be further resolved into type V collagen that consisted of alpha 1(V) and alpha 2(V) chains and a type II-like molecule with chains that had all the characteristics of the 3 alpha variant of alpha 1(II) found in hyaline cartilage. The articular surface zone of the meniscus appeared 2--3-fold enriched in these minor collagens compared with deeper tissue, though qualitatively the same distinctive collagen phenotype was evident throughout. PMID- 6688226 TI - The effect of N-methylprotoporphyrin and succinyl-acetone on the regulation of heme biosynthesis in chicken hepatocytes in culture. AB - The essential features of hepatic protoporphyria, namely inhibition of ferrochelatase, accumulation of protoporphyrin and stimulation of 5 aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALA-S) were all obtained by treating chicken hepatocytes in culture with small doses of N-methylprotoporphyrin. Both N methylprotoporphyrin and succinyl-acetone, another inhibitor of heme biosynthesis, stimulated ALA-S when given on their own and also enhanced the stimulation of ALA-S caused by phenobarbital. PMID- 6688228 TI - Enzymic basis for the modulation of cell-surface carbohydrates in lectin resistant melanoma cells. PMID- 6688227 TI - The photoaffinity probe 8-N3[alpha-32P]ATP labels the ATP-binding sites of rabbit neutrophil and skeletal muscle actin. AB - 8-Azido-[alpha-32P]ATP (8-N3-ATP) was used as a photoaffinity label for ATP binding sites in the subcellular fractions of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils. The radioactive 8-N3-ATP was specifically incorporated into one major protein of 43 kDa. The isoelectric point, molecular mass and subcellular distribution of this labeled protein closely resemble those of the actin. 8-N3-[alpha-32P]ATP was further tested as a photoaffinity label for the ATP binding site in the purified rabbit skeletal muscle G-actin. The radioactive 8-N3-ATP was specifically incorporated into the actin band in SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The results indicate that 8-N3-ATP can be used as a photoaffinity label for actin. PMID- 6688230 TI - [Treatment of Ogilvie's syndrome by colonoscopy]. PMID- 6688229 TI - cDNA clones encoding cytoplasmic poly(A)+ RNAs which first appear at detectable levels in haploid phases of spermatogenesis in the mouse. AB - We have isolated several cDNA clones encoding cytoplasmic poly(A)+ RNAs which are enriched in postmeiotic (haploid) spermatogenic cells in the mouse. Seventeen of 750 clones from a testis cDNA library hybridized more strongly to 32P-labeled cDNA copied from cytoplasmic poly(A) RNA of round spermatids than pachytene spermatocytes. Northern gel blots demonstrated that these 17 plasmids hybridized to RNA(s) approximately 0.5 kb (1 clone), 0.7 kb (13 clones), 0.8 kb (1 clone), and 0.9 kb (2 clones). Four plasmids hybridizing to RNAs 0.7 and 0.9 kb were further characterized by Northern blots. The levels of hybridization were about 10-fold greater with RNA from round spermatids, elongating spermatids and residual bodies than from pachytene spermatocytes from adult testis. These plasmids did not hybridize with cytoplasmic poly(A)+ RNA from sexually immature testis, adult liver, or brain, larger precursors in adult testis nuclear RNA, total RNA from cultured Sertoli cells, poly(A)- RNA from adult testis or the mouse mitochondrial genome. These results demonstrate that certain poly(A)+ RNAs are abundant in haploid cells but barely or not detectable in meiotic cells suggesting the accumulation of these RNAs in round spermatids requires transcription in haploid cells. PMID- 6688231 TI - [Acute hepatitis caused by isaxonine: a case report with reintroduction]. PMID- 6688233 TI - [Motility disorders caused by endocrine disease of the orbit]. PMID- 6688234 TI - [Initial experiences with the neodym-YAG laser treatment of metastasizing skin tumors]. PMID- 6688232 TI - Decompression of the orbit. PMID- 6688235 TI - Heterogeneity of glucagon-like immunoreactive peptides (GLi) in the intestine of obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice. PMID- 6688236 TI - Group-specific component and haptoglobin phenotypes in multiple myeloma. PMID- 6688237 TI - Gc subtypes in Northern Indians. AB - Isoelectric focusing was used to determine the frequencies of the Gc subtypes in a population sample from The North Indian subcontinent (now living in Birmingham, UK). The gene frequencies observed were as follows: Gc1F = 0.191, Gc1S = 0.519 and Gc2 = 0.290.243 individuals were typed and no variant alleles were detected. PMID- 6688238 TI - Wheat-germ agglutinin initiates monocytoid cell killing of non-antibody-coated erythrocytes. AB - Cells bearing alien surface antigens can be specifically destroyed by antibodies directed to the antigens and certain Fc receptor-bearing lymphoid or monocytoid cells through a killing mechanism known as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The present study was undertaken to see if lectins could substitute for specific antibody in ADCC and initiate lysis of non-antibody coated erythrocytes. Human peripheral blood leucocytes and mouse PU-5 monocytoid cell lines were used as effector cells. Target-cell destruction was measured by the specific release of 51Cr. Our data indicated that Wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA), but not concanavalin A or soybean agglutinin, could activate killing of non-antibody-coated erythrocytes by human peripheral blood leucocytes and PU-5 cells. The membrane structure on the effector cell that was triggered by WGA directly related to N-acetyl-glucosamine and may be adjacent to, if not part of, the Fc receptor. PMID- 6688239 TI - Potentiating effect of (+) INPEA on prostaglandin analogue evoked contractions of isolated rat uterus. PMID- 6688240 TI - Proteinase inhibitors in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis. PMID- 6688241 TI - Seasonal variation in numbers of eggs laid by Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) at Khartoum. PMID- 6688242 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck. AB - A retrospective review of all cases of rhabdomyosarcoma seen at UCLA was done. Survival prior to the advent of cyclic multidrug chemotherapy was compared to survival with this therapy. In the latter group, unlike other published series, survival was 150% better with gross total removal of disease as compared to biopsy only. All received at least 5000 rads. Fifteen percent presented with regional nodal metastases. However 75% of these also had intracranial extension and all died. An additional 19% developed late regional nodal metastases. Eighty percent of these also developed systemic metastases and all died. Survival in the absence of nodal disease was 41%. This is the first study to address the influence of regional nodal metastases, early and late on the outcome of treatment. In rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck, regional nodal metastases at any time implies a grave prognosis and more seriously adversely affects the progress than it does in squamous cell carcinoma in adults. PMID- 6688243 TI - Clinical assessment of suspected meniscal tears. PMID- 6688244 TI - Microprocessor-based pulse rate monitor. AB - Modern biomedical instrumentation uses the technology that resulted from advances in electronics. Integrated circuit (IC) chips have replaced large systems of hard wired electronic logic circuits and made them obsolete. Probably the most significant development in electronics is the IC chip called a microprocessor. Its capabilities make possible sophisticated instruments that can measure, compute, and display data for recurring physiological changes such as pulse rate. Because such instruments can function faster than the changes occur, information about the rate can be determined quickly, and remedial or corrective action can be implemented quickly in response to the data. This paper describes a pulse rate monitor that uses a microprocessor. It measures the occurrence rate of signals such as heart rate and respiration rate. It detects the signal rate, compares it with preset limits, and activates alarms as the limits are exceeded. The rate is measured and displayed at all times, until alarm conditions are detected. Then the display indicates the rate that caused the alarm condition. Upper and lower rate limits can be adjusted by the operator to suit the application. PMID- 6688245 TI - 137Cs deposition in Japanese temporary residents of England. PMID- 6688246 TI - Whole body cesium levels in man. PMID- 6688247 TI - Levels of 226Ra, 210Pb and total U in fish near a Saskatchewan uranium mine and mill. AB - Radionuclide levels in fish from the Beaverlodge Lake area, Saskatchewan, Canada, varied significantly among lakes, species and tissues, but did not vary with fish sex or age. Fish from lakes affected by an operating uranium mine and mill had radionuclide levels one to two orders of magnitude above levels in fish from an uncontaminated control lake. Concentrations were greatest in white suckers, intermediate in lake whitefish, and low in lake trout. Skin and bone contained the highest radionuclide levels; levels in flesh were much lower. The mean ash weight concentration of 226Ra in non-control, eviscerated, whole fish was 9.3, 1.8 and 0.8 pCi X g-1 in white suckers, lake whitefish and lake trout respectively. Mean 210Pb levels for those species were 4.0, 1.4 and 0.5 pCi X g 1, while U content was 96.8, 28.2 and 5.8 micrograms X g-1, respectively. Radium 226 content in forage fish ranged from 9.7-70 pCi X g-1. Lead-210 levels ranged from 3.9-55.0 pCi X g-1, while U levels ranged from 15-119 micrograms X g-1. Bioconcentration factors varied among sites, species and tissues. The primary radionuclide transfer pathway appears to be via sediments, either through direct contact or through food organisms. Bottom-feeding species had the highest radionuclide levels while piscivorous fish had the lowest levels. The internal dose rate to non-control fish are comparatively low; any effects are likely to occur at the genetic level. PMID- 6688248 TI - Renal lymphosarcoma with inappropriate erythropoietin production in a dog. PMID- 6688249 TI - The YAG laser: an American experience. AB - We used the OPL3 neodymium-YAG laser to treat 86 patients, 41 male and 45 female, for secondary opacification of an intact posterior capsule one month to four years after planned extracapsular cataract extraction or phacoemulsification, with or without intraocular lens implantation. Visual acuities improved as a function of corneal and macular competence, and careful post-procedure examination revealed no deleterious corneal, iris, vitreal or retinal side effects of the laser treatments. In some of the treated eyes, the implants had single or multiple, small (0.5 mm) white spots on their posterior aspects, or thin linear defects centrally, but in no case was this visually evident to the patient. PMID- 6688250 TI - A comparison of administrator, faculty/clinician, and student needs to facilitate statewide planning in allied health education. AB - Higher education state coordinating bodies are faced with the difficult task of developing coherent strategies and priorities for planning. To assist in this planning a needs assessment procedure involving administrators, faculty/clinicians, and students was used, and driving and restraining forces relevant to decision making were identified. The Nominal Group Technique was used to identify each population's needs which related to a statewide system for allied health education. The technique ordered the needs of each population. A kendall coefficient of concordance was calculated to test the hypothesis that there was no association between the ranks within a population. Needs were placed in two categories: those common to all three populations, and those unique to one population. Six needs common to the population were identified. Finally, the study reranked the six common needs according to perceived attainability. PMID- 6688252 TI - Structure and expression of a cloned cDNA for mouse interferon-beta. AB - A unique sequence in the mouse genome which cross-hybridized to a cloned human interferon-beta 1 gene was detected by DNA blot analysis. Taking advantage of this, a cDNA library prepared from partially purified mRNA for mouse interferon beta was screened using human interferon-beta 1 DNA as a probe. One of the positive clones, pM beta-3, contained a 680-base pair cDNA insert, whose base sequence contained a single large open reading frame for 182 amino acids. The coding sequences of the cDNA showed homologies of 63% at the nucleotide and 48% at the amino acid level with respect to human interferon-beta 1 cDNA (Taniguchi, T., Ohno, S., Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., and Muramatsu, M. (1980) Gene 10, 11-15). The first 21 amino acids, considered to be the signal peptide, were followed by 24 amino acids, whose sequence was identical with the NH2-terminal sequence that had been reported for mouse interferon-beta from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (Taira, H., Broeze, R. J., Jayaram, B. M., Lengyel, P., Hunkapiller, M. W., and Hood, L. E. (1980) Science (Wash. D.C.) 207, 528-530). The complete primary sequence of mature interferon-beta polypeptide consisting of 161 amino acids (Mr = 19,700) was deduced. There are three N-glycosylation sites, and this offers an explanation for the larger molecular size (Mr = 26,000-40,000) of natural mouse interferon-beta in comparison to the deduced interferon polypeptide. The cDNA, when fused to a SV40 promoter sequence and then introduced into COS-7 cells, directed the synthesis and secretion of a protein product indistinguishable from the authentic mouse interferon-beta. PMID- 6688251 TI - Accumulation of amino acids within intracellular lysosomes of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes incubated with amino acid methyl esters. Evidence for the internal acidification of azurophilic granules. AB - Rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulate radioactivity when incubated with 17 microM L[4,5-3H]leucine methyl ester; only low levels of accumulation are observed when the cells are incubated with equivalent amounts of labeled D-leucine methyl ester or the free amino acid, L-leucine. More than 98% of the intracellular radioactivity of cells incubated with leucine methyl ester is in the form of leucine. When cells that had been preincubated with L-leucine methyl ester were disrupted by sonication, 72% of the intracellular radioactivity could be trapped on glass fiber filters, indicating that the leucine had accumulated within a particulate intracellular compartment. Granule preparations obtained from the polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulated leucine in the presence of leucine methyl ester in a manner similar to the intact cells. Separation by density gradient centrifugation of the granules obtained from cells preincubated with labeled leucine methyl ester revealed a nearly exact correspondence between the density distribution of accumulated radioactivity and that for beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme localized with the azurophilic subpopulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules; there was no such correspondence with the activity of alkaline phosphatase, a marker for the specific granules. The results indicate that the azurophilic granules represent the intracellular site of leucine accumulation by the intact cells. This conclusion is supported by the effects of millimolar concentrations of amino acid methyl ester, which cause a dramatic loss of latency for the activities of the azurophilic granule enzymes beta-glucuronidase and myeloperoxidase but have no effect upon the latency of the specific granule enzyme alkaline phosphatase. Leucine accumulation by the intact cells is 80% inhibited by 0.1 mM chloroquine and 50% inhibited by 20 mM NH4Cl and methylamine, lysosomotropic agents that elevate the intralysosomal pH. These observations suggest that the azurophilic granules of these cells, generally considered to be primary lysosomes, are internally acidified. PMID- 6688253 TI - The biosynthesis and primary structure of pea seed lectin. AB - Isolation of pea lectin from immature seeds, together with in vivo pulse-chase labeling and in vitro translation of RNA from such seeds, all gave results which indicated strongly that pea lectin is initially synthesized as a large precursor (pre-pro-form) (Mr = 25,000) which is cleaved both co- and post-translationally to yield the alpha and beta subunits of mature lectin. Two overlapping cDNA plasmids complementary to lectin mRNA were sequenced. They coded for both beta and alpha subunits of lectin, in the orientation beta leads to alpha from the NH2 terminus, together with a hydrophobic NH2-terminal leader sequence and included a 3' untranslated region of 124 nucleotides. In the appropriate reading frame, no stop codon was found between the coding sequences for the beta and alpha subunits, confirming the synthesis of pea lectin via a pre-pro-form. The entire pea lectin sequence showed a high degree of homology with the published amino acid sequences of lectins from lentil, broad bean, and, to a lesser extent, with concanavalin A from jack bean. Sequence variation occurred mainly in those regions thought not to be involved in metal- and sugar-binding or in the formation of beta-pleated sheets. PMID- 6688254 TI - Oligodeoxynucleotide base recognition by steroid hormone receptors. AB - Oligodeoxynucleotides covalently linked to cellulose were used as probes of the DNA-binding domains of mouse steroid holoreceptors. With uterine cytosol estrogen receptor (E2R) the relative binding order, in prior studies, was oligo(dG) greater than oligo(dT) greater than or equal to oligo(dC) much greater than oligo(dA) greater than oligo(dI). The binding reactions were salt-sensitive with an optimal KCl concentration of 0.1-0.2 M. There was no enhancement of binding by activation, either temperature- or salt-induced. In the present study, using the oligomer ligands at a lower concentration, oligo(dT) binding was greater than that to oligo(dC). Quantitative differences in oligodeoxynucleotide binding were elicited by a number of inhibitors. These differences are again seen by exposure of E2R to chaotropic salts such as SCN-, ClO-4 and NO3- as well as to putative modifiers of receptor amino acids, ie, iodoacetamide, 1,2 cyclohexanedione, and Rose Bengal. These results, and the quantitative differences following heat and purification, led to a designation of two types of subsites within the DNA binding domain of uterine E2R. These are stable G sites, which interact with oligo(dG); and labile N sites, which bind to oligo(dT), oligo(dC) and oligo(dA). Stimulation of binding to N sites and stabilization of the holoreceptor was effected by histones H2A and H2B. However, the differential response to incubation at 37 degrees C was not altered by addition of H2B. Treatment of uterine E2R by limited proteolysis also eliminated the stimulatory response to H2B. The above data, as well as prior studies, indicate that steroid holoreceptors can discriminate between the structural features of deoxynucleotide bases and this recognition process can be modulated by accessory proteins. PMID- 6688255 TI - Determination of atracurium besylate in human plasma. PMID- 6688256 TI - Separation and quantitative determination of radiolabeled prostaglandins, thromboxanes, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and other arachidonic acid metabolites produced in biological material. AB - Evaluation of several thin-layer chromatographic procedures for the separation of various labeled arachidonic acid metabolites (including 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha) produced in the biological system is described. Manual scanning and autoradiography of the plates developed by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography was also done for locating the radioactivities due to arachidonic acid metabolites other than thromboxane B2 and the classical prostaglandins (PGF2 alpha, PGE2, and PGD2). PMID- 6688257 TI - Quantitative in situ hybridization of 3H-labeled complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) to the messenger ribonucleic acid of thyroglobulin in human thyroid tissues. AB - Thyroglobulin (Tgb) mRNA content was studied in human thyroid tissues using liquid hybridization and in situ hybridization. Liquid hybridization revealed no differences in mRNA content, except in the case of colloid adenoma in which a lower amount of Tgb mRNA was found. Conditions for quantitative in situ hybridization of [3H]DNA complementary to the mRNA of Tgb are described. In situ hybridization allowed correlation of the morpho-functional state of the follicles and their content of Tgb mRNA. PMID- 6688259 TI - Validity of a computerized on-line MMPI interpretive system. AB - Three independent, experienced clinicians trained at the University of Minnesota were asked to rate the quality and accuracy of codetype interpretations and associated rules used in the Psych Systems' automated MMPI program. Results showed that this system is rated highly by clinicians. The authors discuss how this approach can be used in validating other automated test interpretation systems and suggest that feedback by expert judges can be used to improve such systems. PMID- 6688258 TI - Evidence for bone remodeling but lack of calcium mobilization response to parathyroid hormone in pseudohypoparathyroidism. AB - Twenty-eight patients with hypoparathyroidism were classified into PTH-deficient (HP; n = 14) or PTH-resistant [pseudohypoparathyroid (PHP); n = 14] groups on the basis of serum PTH level and urinary cAMP response to PTH infusion. Bone density (BD; bone mineral content/bone width) was determined by 125I photon absorptiometry in the distal third of the radius of each patient. After 3 days of equilibration on a constant diet, fasting serum Ca, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25 (OH)2D] and 24-h urinary hydroxyproline (OHP) were measured during 4 control days and 4 treatment days [Lilly Parathyroid Extract (PTE); 100 U, im, every 6 h]. In HP, the mean BD was 0.772 +/- 0.016 (+/- SE) g/cm2, which was similar to the value obtained in a normal control group matched for age, sex, and race. In PHP, the mean BD was 0.633 +/- 0.017 g/cm2, which was 15 +/- 2% less than the normal value (P less than 0.005). Diminished BD was present in all patients with PHP, even in the absence of radiographic changes. Mean basal OHP excretion in PHP was more than twice that in HP (34.9 +/- 5.5 vs. 13.8 +/- 1.3 mg/day; P less than 0.005). Both groups had significant and comparable increases in urinary OHP excretion in response to PTE (9.1 +/- 2.1 mg/day for HP; 8.1 +/- 2.2 mg/day for PHP; P less than 0.005 for each). However, unlike the patients with HP, those with PHP did not have increases in serum 1,25-(OH)2D or a normal calcemic response to PTE. Thus, the bone-remodeling response to PTH remains intact in the majority of patients with PHP, but the mineral mobilization response, which may require 1,25-(OH)2D, is defective. PMID- 6688260 TI - A comparative bioavailability study of Molipaxin capsules and a trazodone liquid formulation in normal volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetic parameters of Molipaxin capsules and a trazodone liquid formulation have been compared in healthy volunteers. The mean area under the plasma concentration/time curve was 10.07 micrograms h ml-1 and 10.44 micrograms h ml-1, for Molipaxin capsules and trazodone liquid, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. There was considerable individual variation between the observed maximum plasma concentration of Molipaxin capsules and trazodone liquid but the mean values of 1.61 micrograms/ml and 1.66 micrograms/ml, respectively, were very similar. The time to observed maximum plasma concentrations varied from 15 min to 4 h, but there was no statistical difference between the two formulations. The terminal phase half-life was 7.16 h for Molipaxin capsules and 6.73 h for trazodone liquid. The difference was not statistically significant. Molipaxin capsules and trazodone liquid have similar kinetic profiles and they are considered to have comparable bioavailability. Tolerance to the two formulations was similar. PMID- 6688262 TI - Investigation of the interaction between Probon and indomethacin in rats. AB - The toxic side-effects and anti-inflammatory activity of combination treatment of Sprague-Dawley rats with indomethacin and Probon, a new type of analgesic, were investigated. Following four weeks of treatment with a combination of these two drugs, the characteristic gastrointestinal side-effect of indomethacin was markedly reduced. Mortality resulting from administration of the drug combination was significantly lower than that resulting from indomethacin treatment alone. The reduced toxicity of indomethacin in combination with Probon is probably due to a change in metabolism produced by the hepatic microsomal enzyme inducer, Probon. The anti-inflammatory effect was also investigated using a contact thermographic method following one, three or seven days pretreatment. The advantage of this combination is that, using a higher dose of indomethacin in combination with the minor analgesic, we could achieve a more reliable anti inflammatory effect together with a pain-killing action. PMID- 6688264 TI - A chartless record--is it adequate? AB - The computerized medical record supported by The Medical Record (TMR) has been the only record of physician-patient encounters on the nephrology service of the Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center since April 1981. Physicians using the system evaluated the adequacy of the computerized record as a replacement for the paper chart. The computerized record was able to capture and display all pertinent data. Manual or computerized narratives provided a useful supplement to the core computerized record only in those rare instances that a physician needed to point out which of the data in the record were important to his decision making. PMID- 6688261 TI - A randomized trial of cadexomer iodine in decubitus ulcers. AB - Thirty-four patients with decubitus ulcers were studied in a randomized trial to compare topical cadexomer iodine with the standard decubitus ulcer treatments used in the participating hospitals. There was a significant reduction of ulcer area with both treatments within three weeks; however, eight of 16 patients treated with cadexomer iodine had a reduction of ulcer area of more than 50 per cent, compared with one of 18 patients treated with the standard treatment (P less than 0.01). Twenty-seven patients continued the same treatment for five more weeks, during which time six in the cadexomer iodine group healed, compared with one in the standard treatment group (P less than 0.05). Cadexomer iodine was superior to the standard treatment in removing pus and debris from the ulcer surface and in reducing pain at the ulcer site. It was found to be easy both to apply and to remove from the ulcers and did not stain skin or clothing. Transient smarting during the first hour after application was reported by three patients, and one patient complained of skin irritation. The results show that cadexomer iodine applied daily has a debriding effect on decubitus ulcers and accelerates healing. PMID- 6688263 TI - [Pregnancy achieved by ambulatory treatment of an ejaculation in the paraplegic man. Apropos of a case]. AB - The sub-cutaneous injection of physostigmine (Eserine), an indirect para sympatheticomimetic by reversible anticholinesterase activity, is capable of provoking ejaculation. The result is therefore identical to that obtained with a spinal injection of neostigmine (Prostigmine), which is only effective by spinal injection. In 6 patients with lesions at T12, L1 and L2, the subcutaneous injection of physostigmine was always effective. When this injection does not provoke any adverse reactions, it can be repeated at home without medical supervision. When this injection results in ejaculation, the erection is improved in 80% of cases and the sexual act is made easier. The usual dose is 2 mg of Eserine. One woman is currently pregnant from such an ejaculation. This method can therefore be proposed in the outpatient treatment of sterility in couples in whom the man is paraplegic, until its oral administration has been perfected. PMID- 6688265 TI - Data base management, feedback control, and the Regenstrief Medical Record. AB - Because of the differences in informational needs among medical practices, medical record systems should be flexible. The use of data base management and use-oriented command languages helps to achieve flexibility. The Regenstrief Medical Record System is based upon a data base management system and two user oriented command languages (the RDB Command Language and CARE). Most batch reports, file maintenance procedures, and ad hoc retrievals can be specified by the user by means of these two languages. This means that the user can specify which reports he wants and how they should look. Daily on-line activities are performed by application programs. The data base system also provides flexibility to these programs since the content and format of many of the display screens are defined by statements that are similar to the command language statements and are stored within a text file. The Regenstrief Medical Record System now carries records for 60,000 patients. PMID- 6688266 TI - The SCAMP system for patient and practice management. AB - SCAMP is a comprehensive clinical information system for ambulatory care. Four design goals distinguish this system: ease of use, comprehensiveness, the incorporation of medical knowledge into system functions, and ease of modification of system capabilities by clinicians. Major subsystems are dedicated to billing, administrative reports, entry, retrieval and analysis of the medical record, clinical research, and provision of clinical reminders. Because clinicians differ in their needs and preferences, SCAMP has been designed to let clinicians modify aspects of the content, format, and processing of information available on the system. The SCAMP system has become increasingly accepted by many primary care physicians as a practical and useful tool for managing their information needs in ambulatory care. PMID- 6688267 TI - The HELP system. PMID- 6688269 TI - Biological activity of 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxycholecalciferol in chicks. AB - The biological activity of subcutaneously injected 24,24-difluoro-25 hydroxycholecalciferol was compared with that of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the vitamin D-deficient growing chick. 24,24-Difluoro-25-hydroxycholecalciferol is equal to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the stimulation of: 1) growth, 2) intestinal calcium absorption, 3) elevation of serum calcium and serum phosphorus, 4) healing of rachitic cartilage (radiography), and 5) mineralization of rachitic bone (bone ash). The response appears to be linear in the range of 13.0 to 325 pmol daily. Since 24,24-difluorocholecaliferol cannot be 24 hydroxylated to produce either 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1,24,25 trihydroxycholecalciferol, while it can be 1 alpha-hydroxylated to produce 24,24 difluoro-1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, these results demonstrate that 24 hydroxylation is not required for the known functions of cholecalciferol in the chick. PMID- 6688270 TI - FDA industry relations, a fresh approach. PMID- 6688271 TI - Intestinal malignant lymphoma in a child with familial celiac disease. AB - A case of intestinal malignant lymphoma occurring in a 10-year-old North African girl with celiac disease is reported. Celiac disease was diagnosed at age 4. A gluten-free diet was started and was maintained for the next 6 years. Seven months after the patient returned to a normal diet, clinical symptoms and subtotal villous atrophy relapsed. Within the next month an abdominal malignant lymphoma was diagnosed. After chemotherapy the tumor disappeared but recurred 6 months later, involving the colon and the liver. Death occurred shortly thereafter. A brother, two years older, also with proven celiac disease, is presently on a strict gluten-free diet. Both children shared the same histocompatibility antigens (HLA A2-B17/A29-B12, identity at the D locus). Whether or not relapse of celiac disease played a role in the appearance of the tumor remains highly speculative; however, the case of our patient suggests that familial involvement and, in some instances, ethnic origin may constitute risk factors predisposing to malignancy. PMID- 6688268 TI - Glucuronide and sulfate catecholamine conjugates in rat and human plasma. AB - We have developed a method to selectively estimate free, glucuronidated and sulfated catecholamines (epinephrine [E], norepinephrine [NE], dopamine [DA]) in a single plasma sample. The method incorporates the first step of the catecholamine radioenzymatic assay and the selective enzymatic hydrolysis of conjugates by glucuronidase or sulfatase preparations. The method has been applied to rat and human plasma with a view to determine the relative importance of either conjugate (sulfate or glucuronide) toward free catecholamines. No previous reports were available for the concentration of either conjugate in rat plasma or the level of glucuronide conjugate in human plasma. Both sulfate and glucuronide conjugate of the three catecholamines were found in rat and human plasma, at different levels. Sulfate conjugates predominated in man and glucuronides in rat. In human, hand immersion in ice water for three minutes, which increased free catecholamine levels in the first minutes of the test, elicited too a delayed increase of glucuronide levels at the 30th minute (except for DA glucuronide which was already elevated at the third minute). As to the sulfates, only E sulfate was increased at the 10th minute. Our results suggest that glucuronidation may be an important pathway for catecholamine metabolism in man at rest or under sympathetic stimulation. In rat, our data point out the influence of blood sampling conditions (dietary, catheterization, decapitation) on the studied compounds and suggest that the nearest conditions from basal state may be fulfilled in sucrose-fed catheterized rats. The predominance of glucuronides in rat plasma agrees with previous metabolic reports. PMID- 6688272 TI - Chylothorax following Bochdalek herniorrhaphy in an infant. AB - A case of chylothorax following Bochdalek herniorrhaphy in an infant is presented. To our knowledge, it is only the third case to be reported in the literature. PMID- 6688273 TI - Effects of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-isopropylaminoethanol (INPEA) and propranolol and their dextro-isomers on hemodynamic and metabolic responses to isoproterenol in dogs. AB - The effects of dl-propranolol, D-(-)-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-isopropylaminoethanol (INPEA) and L-(+)-INPEA on the hemodynamic and metabolic responses to isoproterenol were investigated in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Isoproterenol (200 micrograms/kg i.p.) was injected 15 min after an i.v. injection of propranolol or INPEA, or their dextro-isomers. Isoproterenol increased heart rate, myocardial contractile force (determined by a strain gauge arch), blood glucose, blood lactate and plasma free fatty acids, and decreased diastolic blood pressure. dl-Propranolol (1 or 3 mg/kg) or D-(-)-INPEA (5 or 15 mg/kg) inhibited all the responses to isoproterenol. d-Propranolol (1 or 3 mg/kg) did not inhibit the isoproterenol-induced responses of heart rate, myocardial contractile force and plasma free fatty acids, but it inhibited the isoproterenol induced responses of diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lactate, although the inhibition was small. Similar results were obtained by L-(+)-INPEA; L-(+)-INPEA (5 or 15 mg/kg) did not inhibit the isoproterenol-induced responses of heart rate, myocardial contractile force and plasma free fatty acids, but it inhibited the isoproterenol-induced responses of diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lactate, although the degree of inhibition was small. These results indicate that dextro-isomers of propranolol and INPEA may have a weak beta-2 adrenoceptor antagonistic action. PMID- 6688274 TI - Computer-aided ranking of residency program applicants. PMID- 6688275 TI - Public health and preventive medicine in the curricula of osteopathic medical schools. PMID- 6688276 TI - [Intrathecal administration of amikacin in postoperative refractory meningitis]. AB - The intrathecal administration of amikacin (AMK) (50--100 mg/day) was effective for 3 cases of postoperative refractory meningitis caused by gentamicin (GM) resistant organisms. The infecting pathogen of case 1 was K. pneumoniae and that of case 2 was S. epidermidis, while no pathogen was cultured in case 3. The causative pathogens in the former were eradicated only with AMK. No therapeutic response was gained with GM, but with AMK in the latter. High tone hearing impairment was observed in case 1 and transient vomiting was observed in case 3. However, these side effects were trivial for the severity of disease. It is suggested in these 3 cases that the high dose intrathecal administration of AMK may be extremely useful in the treatment of postoperative refractory meningitis which has shown no response to GM. PMID- 6688277 TI - [Lymphosarcoma of the breast]. PMID- 6688278 TI - Changes in the amino acid compounds of the whole-crop wheat during ensiling and after fermentation. PMID- 6688279 TI - STRIPE: an interactive computer program for the analysis of drug pharmacokinetics. AB - A computer program for the analysis of drug pharmacokinetics is described. The program is written in BASIC for use with a Hewlett Packard HP85 microcomputer. The pharmacokinetic parameters are estimated by linear regression of the log concentrations against time and the exponentials are separated by curve stripping. PMID- 6688281 TI - A versatile and inexpensive planimeter system. PMID- 6688280 TI - The image-combining computer microscope--an interactive instrument for morphometry of the nervous system. AB - The image-combining computer microscope is a new configuration of light microscope and computer graphics instrumentation which provides remarkable morphometric capabilities over a wide range of applications. The key component is the well known camera lucida, an image-combining device that is used to superimpose the computer graphics image upon the microscope's image of the object under study. Illumination need not be limited to the bright-field variety. The image superposition permits the investigator to study the object and acquire data from it while always looking through the microscope oculars. A computer controlled stepping motor driven stage is integrated with translations of the graphics image to permit image superposition and data acquisition at maximum visual magnification over the full expanse of a 25 X 25 mm tissue section. The investigator controls the system by means of a graphics tablet and a "Menu" area visible to him in the microscope's field of view. Spatial data in all 3 dimensions can be acquired easily since the z-axis is also stepping motor controlled. EM micrograph transparencies can be studied similarly. Stereological applications are possible by superimposing test grids upon the image. The system is self-contained and carries out data analysis programs written in C or Basic. Simplicity of operation has been emphasized throughout. PMID- 6688282 TI - A computer electron microscope plotter for mapping spatial distributions in biological tissues. AB - We have designed a computer-based electron microscope plotting system which maps the locations of organelles in tissue specimens and analyzes their distribution. The system includes: (1) two optical incremental shaft encoders which translate stage drive rotation to electrical pulses; (2) a Display/Control unit used to convert encoder pulses to binary code for computer input; (3) two 16-bit parallel interfaces for transferring data to the computer; (4) a Hewlett-Packard 9845T microcomputer, used to control data input and to store, graph, and analyze the plots. The software for the plotter is written in enhanced BASIC. The plotter system is driven by 4 programs called Trace, Plot, Analyze, and Density. The Trace program "draws" an outline of the edges of the tissue. The Plot program maps the positions of profiles within the tissue. The Analyze program compares trace and plot data and calculates the depth and medial-lateral distance of each plotted profile from the surfaces of the tissue. The Density program sorts and counts profile types, measures surface areas, and calculates profile densities. Commercial statistical software is used to analyze the data. Our laboratory uses the system to map the spatial distribution of synapses and neurons in the central nervous system. The plotting system will also be of value in other areas of neurobiology research. PMID- 6688283 TI - Temporal relationship between onset of Graves' ophthalmopathy and diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. AB - During preoperative examination of 194 patients scheduled for orbital decompression for Graves' ophthalmopathy, it was noted that 29 had never been clinically hyperthyroid. These patients did not differ appreciably from those who had had hyperthyroidism, in terms of age distribution, sex ratio, presenting eye manifestations, or rate of progression of ophthalmopathy. In 81% of the patients with hyperthyroidism, the date of the first eye manifestations was symmetrically distributed within 18 months before or after the time when hyperthyroidism was diagnosed. These observations do not support the viewpoint that radioiodine therapy or surgical intervention initiates the ophthalmic process. The observations focus attention on the need for etiologic theories to address the usually close linkage between thyrotoxic and ophthalmic expressions of Graves' disease rather than on the exceptions to a general rule. PMID- 6688284 TI - Design and fabrication of an experimental cochlear prosthesis. PMID- 6688285 TI - [Convulsions and intrathecal methotrexate]. PMID- 6688286 TI - [Sulfazin in the thermoradiotherapy of experimental tumors]. AB - A possibility of radiosensitization of Pliss' lymphosarcoma and tumor RS-1 by using general hyperthermia with sulfazin was studied. Subcutaneous transfusion of sulfazin to rats caused a rise of the body temperature by 2-2.5 degrees C on the 2nd day after injection with the upkeep of hyperthermia for 3 days. A combined effect of sulfazin and irradiation enhanced the retardation of growth rate of tumors and increased their regression. The lifetime of animals increased significantly. A more noticeable postradiation suppression of mitotic activity was observed. PMID- 6688288 TI - Whole cow's milk for older infants. PMID- 6688287 TI - [Cytophotometric study of protein in tumors following irradiation and use of dihydromonocalcium phosphate]. PMID- 6688289 TI - [Artificial feeding of the nursing infant. III. Evaluation of the protein composition of various powdered milks]. PMID- 6688290 TI - Synthesis and characterization of a DNA complementary to Xenopus laevis albumin mRNA. AB - Albumin complementary DNA (cDNA) was transcribed from purified albumin mRNA from the liver of Xenopus laevis. The resultant cDNA was an almost full length copy as defined by denaturing gel electrophoresis; was hybridized specifically to albumin mRNA with pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics and the mRNA . cDNA hybrid exhibited a sharp melting profile with a Tm of 83 degrees C. The identity of the cDNA was confirmed by gel electrophoresis following hybridization-arrested translation. PMID- 6688293 TI - Embryology. Lethal mutation in collagen gene. PMID- 6688292 TI - Supplementary and weaning foods for the Egyptian child. AB - Attempts were made to prepare 5 protein rich food mixtures to be used as supplementary and weaning foods for children from 6 months of age onwards. They contain vegetable and animal protein sources. They were prepared in a way to simplify their use. Potatoes, carrots and peas were the basal ingredient in each mixture. The protein content of the mixtures ranges from 16-20% with a chemical score not less than 50%. The mixtures contained most of the essential amino acids in optimal concentrations, except methionine and cystine which are slightly lower than the amounts recommended by FAO. The nutritive value of each mixture estimated by the slope ratio bioassay procedure was high. They are nutritionally superior to casein, used as a reference protein. They differ slightly when compared with each other. PMID- 6688291 TI - Molecular cloning of five individual stage- and tissue-specific mRNA sequences from sea urchin pluteus embryos. AB - Five developmentally regulated sea urchin mRNA sequences which increase in abundance between the blastula and pluteus stages of development were isolated by molecular cloning of cDNA. The regulated sequences all appeared in moderately abundant mRNA molecules of pluteus cells and represented 4% of the clones tested. There were no regulated sequences detected in the 40% of the clones which hybridized to the most abundant mRNA, and the screening procedures were inadequate to detect possible regulation in the 20 to 30% of the clones presumably derived from rare-class mRNA. The reaction of 32P[cDNA] from blastula and pluteus mRNA to dots of the cloned DNAs on nitrocellulose filters indicated that the mRNAs complementary to the different cloned pluteus-specific sequences were between 3- and 47-fold more prevalent at the pluteus stage than at the blastula stage. Polyadenylated RNA from different developmental stages was transferred from electrophoretic gels to nitrocellulose filters and reacted to the different cloned sequences. The regulated mRNAs were undetectable in the RNA of 3-h embryos, became evident at the hatching blastula stage, and reached a maximum in abundance by the gastrula or pluteus stage. Certain of the clones reacted to two sizes of mRNA which did not vary coordinately with development. Transfers of RNA isolated from each of the three cell layers of pluteus embryos that were reacted to the cloned sequences revealed that two of the sequences were found in the mRNA of all three layers, two were ectoderm specific, and one was endoderm specific. Four of the regulated sequences were complementary to one or two major bands and one to at least 50 bands on Southern transfers of restriction endonuclease-digested total sea urchin DNA. PMID- 6688294 TI - Tight junction strands are lipidic cylinders. PMID- 6688295 TI - Paraparesis following intrathecal chemotherapy. AB - We studied a case of flaccid paraplegia that immediately followed intrathecal injection of cytosine arabinoside diluted in 1.5% bacteriostatic water (1.5% benzyl alcohol in H2O). The complication was reversed by rinsing the CSF space with saline. Autopsy showed fibrosis and remyelination of lumbosacral nerve roots. In acute and chronic animal experiments, we showed that benzyl alcohol in commercially used concentrations can have a local anesthetic and an irreversible toxic effect on nerve fibers. This provides a sufficient explanation for many cases of paraparesis following intrathecal chemotherapy. PMID- 6688297 TI - [Neoplastic-like segmental polypous obliterative bronchiolitis. Report of 18 cases]. PMID- 6688296 TI - Closed vitrectomy for severe retrolental fibroplasia in the infant. AB - Fifteen infants between the ages of 5 months and 2 years suffering from severe retrolental fibroplasia with near total and total retinal detachment and retrolental scar tissue formation were operated upon with closed vitrectomy. The surgical technique and the problems related to the smallness of the eye and the changes caused by RLF are discussed in detail. Seven retinas were reattached completely and one retina partially reattached. Vision was definitely improved, although the visual acuity was probably low. PMID- 6688298 TI - [Thymalin correction of the immunologic deficiency state in children with congenital 1st and 2d branchial arch syndrome]. PMID- 6688299 TI - Sequence analysis of zein cDNAs obtained by an efficient mRNA cloning method. AB - A cDNA library was generated from mRNA isolated from the developing endosperm of W22 maize inbred. cDNA clones for zein, the maize storage protein family, were isolated and analyzed by DNA sequencing. The DNA sequences of four clones containing cDNA copies of mRNAs belonging to one zein subfamily were determined. The data support the following conclusions: a) genes encoding the larger of the two zein species contain eleven instead of nine repeat units within the coding sequence of the gene; b) transcription can be terminated at either of the two polyadenlation signals and c) transcription starts 31 basepairs downstream from the first T in the TATA box. To facilitate this analysis a new method for the construction of cDNA libraries was developed. The mRNA was annealed to linearized and oligo-dT tailed pUC9 plasmid DNA, which then primed synthesis of the first strand of the cDNA. Oligo-dG tails were added to the cDNA-plasmid molecules, which were then centrifuged through an alkaline sucrose gradient. The gradient step removed small molecules and separated the two cDNAs which were formerly attached to the same double stranded plasmid molecule. An excess of oligo-dC tailed denatured pUC9 DNA was added and the DNA was renatured under conditions that favor the circularization of monomers by the oligo-dC and oligo-dG tails. The oligo-dC tail served as primer for the synthesis of the second strand of the cDNA. The library was screened by colony hybridization using 32P-labelled cDNA and DNA from genomic zein clones as probes. We obtained 20,000 clones hybridizing total cDNA starting with 1 microgram of plasmid DNA and 1 microgram of mRNA. PMID- 6688300 TI - Possible participation of oviducal movement in spermatozoal transport in domestic fowl. AB - Carbon particles suspended in saline were injected into the vagina, the uterus, or into the magnum, 5 to 10 or 50 to 55 min after an oviposition. Carbon particles injected into the uterus 5 to 10 min postoviposition reached the infundibulum within 5 to 10 min, and particles introduced 50 to 55 min after an oviposition were not transported to the anterior oviduct. When particles were injected intramagnally 50 to 55 min following an oviposition, they moved distally toward the uterus. Particles introduced into the uterus 5 to 10 min after an oxytocin-induced oviposition were transported to the anterior oviduct. Carbon particles deposited into the vagina remained in situ irrespective of the time deposited. These results suggest that a special oviducal movement, which is though to be caused by oviposition, participates in spermatozoal transport through the hen's oviduct. PMID- 6688302 TI - [Treatment of bladder tumors with laser photocoagulation]. PMID- 6688301 TI - The relationship of placental grade by ultrasound to markers of fetal lung maturity. AB - Seventy-two amniocenteses with concurrent placental grading by ultrasound were performed during 66 pregnancies. No relationship was observed between placental grade and the mean ratio of lecithin to sphingomyelin (L/S) or the phosphatidylglycerol concentration. Both placental grade and fetal lung maturity were interrelated by the independent variable of gestational age. The latter may explain the trend observed between a mature L/S ratio and the placental grade. Grade 3 placentas were present in only 20% of patients studied at 37 weeks of gestation or later (12 of 61 patients), and in every instance a Grade 3 placenta was associated with an absence of neonatal respiratory distress. PMID- 6688303 TI - [Processing of data on obese patients by the GUHA (General Unitary Hypothesis Automaton) method]. PMID- 6688304 TI - [Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the testis]. AB - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the testis comprise 25-50% of testicular tumors in men over 50 years of age. Using the Rappaport histologic terminology, most testicular lymphomas are of the diffuse histiocytic type. Concomitant involvement of Waldeyer's ring or of paranasal sinuses frequently occurs. Eight patients with primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the testis and 2 patients with a lymphoma which arose in the paranasal sinuses and later involved the testis are reported. The median age of the 10 patients was 57 years. 5 of 8 patients with primary testicular lymphoma were in clinical stage IE. 8 of the 10 patients had diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Using the Kiel histologic terminology, 4 of these 8 patients had diffuse centroblastic lymphoma and 4 had immunoblastic sarcoma. 5 of the 8 patients with primary testicular lymphoma had complete remission after orchiectomy followed by radio- and/or chemotherapy. The median survival of the 8 patients with primary testicular lymphoma was 30 months. The median survival of patients with complete remission was 44 months and in patients without remission 12 months. Careful staging of patients with testicular lymphoma is of decisive therapeutic and prognostic significance. PMID- 6688305 TI - Organic contaminants in the aquatic environment. III. Public health aspects, quality standards and legislation. AB - Literature on the health aspects and possible risks of the presence of organic micropollutants in water and waste waters is reviewed and the quality standards and legislation pertaining to certain organic compounds which have been promulgated by some countries and international organisations are assessed and compared. It is evident from the literature that different standards may be applied to waters which are designated for particular uses and that quality standards for protection of the aquatic environment (aquatic organisms) are generally more stringent than those applied to drinking water. Quality standards developed by different countries and organisations display a broad similarity in most cases, but differ where various approaches have been employed in determining the toxicity of and hazards presented by individual compounds. It is concluded that such legislation will become more comprehensive in the future, with the inclusion of more substances and recommendations for treatment procedures. PMID- 6688306 TI - Use of an elemental diet as a nutritionally complete "medical colostomy". AB - During the past 24 months I have used a defined formula diet (High Nitrogen Vivonex) as a nutritionally complete "medical colostomy" (NCMC) in 16 patients. This diet, via continual gastric drip, provided an average of 2,238 kcal/day and 92.4 gm of protein per day. Separately or in combination, loperamide HCl, diphenoxylate HCl, or codeine was used to slow the bowel. No patient had a bowel movement within less than three days postoperatively and the mean between bowel movements was 5.6 days. Defined formula diet, used as an NCMC, can give 2.4 times more kcal than clear liquid and provides protein as well. NCMC is a safe, cost effective way of preventing fecal contamination while providing adequate nutritional support for wound healing. PMID- 6688307 TI - [Modelling the organization of medical care for the population in a natural disaster]. PMID- 6688308 TI - The milk-alkali syndrome. A case report. AB - A case of the milk-alkali syndrome is described. The patient presented with a raised serum calcium level without hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis and azotaemia. The alkali used was an antacid preparation containing calcium carbonate. PMID- 6688310 TI - [Arthroscopic surgery]. PMID- 6688311 TI - [Worm treatment in calves]. PMID- 6688313 TI - Retrolental fibroplasia. PMID- 6688309 TI - Protein C and the development of skin necrosis during anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 6688312 TI - Effects of pectin-containing diets on the hepatic macromolecular covalent binding of 2,6-dinitro-[3H]toluene in Fischer-344 rats. AB - The influence of diets varying in pectin content on intestinal microfloral metabolic capacity of rats has been investigated as a possible mechanism for the alteration of toxicity of 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) produced by these diets. Male F-344 rats were fed a purified diet (AIN-76A), AIN-76A plus 5% or 10% citrus pectin, or either of two cereal-based diets that vary in pectin content, NIH-07 or Purina Chow 5002. After 28 days, rats were given tritium-labeled 2,6-DNT (10 or 75 mg/kg po) and killed 12 hr later. Total hepatic macromolecular covalent binding (CVB) was determined by exhaustive extraction. The CVB of 2,6-DNT was found to be independent of diet at 10 mg/kg. However, at 75 mg/kg CVB was increased 40% by feeding 5% pectin in the purified diet and 90% by feeding 10% pectin in the purified diet. Animals fed Purina 5002 and NIH-07 had 135 and 150% higher CVB, respectively, than animals fed the purified diet alone and significantly greater CVB than animals fed the pectin supplemented diets. Elevated (two- to threefold) beta-glucuronidase and nitroreductase activities, microfloral enzymes proposed to be involved in the activation of 2,6-DNT to a toxicant, were found in the cecal contents of animals fed the pectin-containing diets which correlated with a two- to threefold increase in total number of cecal anaerobes. These results suggest that pectin-induced changes in microflora may enhance hepatoxicity after high doses of 2,6-DNT. PMID- 6688314 TI - [Estimation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in blood serum using competitive binding with protein]. AB - A modified procedure is described for estimation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in blood serum, which involves a principle of the saturating analysis. Blood serum from rats, maintained on a ration free of vitamin D, was used as a binding system. Evaluation of the procedure was carried out by conventional criteria (accuracy, reproducibility, sensitivity). Content of 25OHD was estimated in blood of rats, maintained on rations containing various amount of vitamin D, as well as in blood of women in childbirth and in newborns from different climatogeographical zones. PMID- 6688315 TI - [Case of tick-borne rickettsiosis]. PMID- 6688316 TI - [Treatment of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6688317 TI - [Use of electronic data processing for quality control in perinatal medicine]. AB - Pregnancy, delivery and neonatal period are influenced by many factors, which effect on perinatal and neonatal mortality and morbidity on the other-hand. Numerous parameters are to be recorded and analyzed for control of quality. With conventional technic of data processing this is only possible in large perinatological centers on a restricted scale. Therefore the electronic data processing project "perinatal medicine" was developed for recording important perinatological efficiency parameters. It was introduced in the practice of gynecological and infant hospital in Karl-Marx-Stadt. PMID- 6688318 TI - A sensitive method for assaying thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins of Graves' disease: use of the guanyl nucleotide-amplified thyroid adenylate cyclase assay. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive method for evaluating adenylate cyclase stimulation by thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), based on the measurement of thyroid membrane adenylate cyclase activity in the presence of a non-hydrolyzable GTP analogue, guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p). The addition of Gpp(NH)p (10(-5)M) produced a 10-fold increase of the sensitivity of the system for both TSH and TSAb. Immunoglobulin G preparations from sera of 30 patients with Graves' disease were tested for the adenylate cyclase stimulation either in the presence or in the absence of Gpp(NH)p: a significant stimulation was observed in 27/30 patients when the GTP analogue was added to the system, while only 20/30 patients were positive in the absence of the nucleotide. The advantage of Gpp(NH)p addition was also evident in a large series which included 57 patients with Graves' disease, 15 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis or primary myxoedema and 22 normal subjects. In fact, 88% of patients with Graves' disease resulted positive, while no significant stimulation was elicited by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, primary myxoedema and by normal immunoglobulins. The sensitivity achieved in our system which employs thyroid plasma membranes was similar to that obtained by other investigators with the use of thyroid slices or thyroid cells in primary culture. Furthermore, methods based on thyroid plasma membranes are supposed to have a better reproducibility, since the same tissue preparation, if appropriately stored, may be used in several different tests. PMID- 6688319 TI - Localization of alkaline phosphatase and NADH diaphorase in the principal cells of the guinea pig epididymis. AB - The activities of alkaline phosphatase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) diaphorase in the principal cells of the guinea pig epididymis were studied histochemically. Alkaline phosphatase activity was absent from the principal cells but was present in the basement membrane of the epididymal epithelium. NADH diaphorase activity was distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the principal cells in each epididymal segment. There was a gradual increase in NADH diaphorase activity from segments 1 through 7. Possible functions of alkaline phosphatase and NADH diaphorase in the epididymis are discussed. PMID- 6688320 TI - The Mondini dysplasia--from early diagnosis to cochlear implant. AB - The early diagnosis of the Mondini dysplasia by means of electrocochleography and temporal bone polytomography, and the prevention of further hearing loss through the endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt operation, brought new data on the follow-up of patients with this malformation. They were found to present specific medical and educational problems. Children with concomitant serous otitis media were found to develop profound hearing loss following insertion of ventilation tubes due to fistula formation in the oval window. One cochlear implant, employing the technique developed by William House, was performed in a 22-year-old patient in whom the dysplasia had not been previously recognized. The importance of early diagnosis and treatment will be emphasized. PMID- 6688321 TI - The cochlear implant in preschool-aged children. AB - Long-term experience with the single-electrode cochlear implant has shown this device to provide significant benefit with minimal risk to the deaf adult. Based on these findings, the decision was made to begin implanting children. As of September 1, 1982, 27 profoundly deaf children (ranging in age from 2.7 to 17.5 years) have received the cochlear implant. Tests results are consistent with those found in adults, and the children have adapted well to using the device. Of particular interest are the results observed in the preschool-aged children, eight of whom have been implanted. Two of these children have now had the implant for a year. Findings to date indicate that progress with the implant is initially slower for the preschool-aged child than for older children and adults. In time, however, similar results are attained. Ultimately the younger children adapt even better to the device. These preliminary results are encouraging, but only long term experience with a large number of subjects will better determine the benefits of the cochlear implant for the preschool-aged child. PMID- 6688322 TI - The effect of the acoustic nerve chronic electric stimulation upon the guinea pig cochlear nucleus development. AB - 14 newborn guinea pigs have been deafened three days after birth by bilateral destruction of the organ of Corti, and among them 8 have been supplied with a chronic auditory electric stimulation by means of an intracochlear implanted electrode. The histological study and the anatomical reconstructions of these animals' cochlear nuclei demonstrate that this chronic stimulation prevents, at least partially, these auditory pathway medullary formations from atrophy due to the cochlear destruction. PMID- 6688323 TI - The Gunn rat: an experimental model for central deafness. AB - The Gunn rat which develops neonatal hyperbilirubinemia has been used as an experimental model to evaluate the effect of bilirubin on the auditory system. Electrocochleographic and morphological studies (including light microscopy, surface preparations and transmission electron microscopy) did not reveal any cochlear abnormality in homozygous Gunn rats. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials showed morphological and amplitude changes suggesting a functional damage in the brainstem auditory pathways. These results suggest that hearing loss, when observed in kernicterus, is primarily due to neuronal damage at the level of brainstem auditory nuclei. PMID- 6688324 TI - The influence of glucocorticoids on hepatic glycolytic intermediates in fed peritonitis rats. AB - Earlier work on fasted endotoxemic and septic rats suggested that glucocorticoid pretreatment improved survival by promoting gluconeogenesis. The possible mechanism of this therapeutic effect was investigated in fed peritonitis septic rats, which are in a predominantly glycolytic mode of metabolism. Fed adult male rats (185-255 g) received cecal incisions or sham operations under ether with or without simultaneous IV injection of dexamethasone (DMS) (1.0 mg/100 g rat). Liver was sampled by freeze-clamping at 5 h, and glycolytic intermediates were determined by UV spectrophotometry. The high-energy intermediate, phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP), fell 57% to 76 +/- 83 nmole/g wet liver (+/- 1 SD) in the fed peritonitis group; nine of 13 rats had PEP values at least 50% below mean control concentrations. Fasted septic rats (N = 26) do not have decreased PEP levels. Glucocorticoids were protective in the fed septic rats; only five of 17 DMS pretreated rats had PEP fall below 50% of the fed normals. A significant finding was the decline in fructose diphosphate (FDP) from 32 +/- 9 nmole in fed shams (N = 12) to 21 +/- 11 nmole/g wet liver with DMS-pretreated fed shams (N = 15). This suggests that DMS may be inhibiting the glycolytic enzyme, phosphofructokinase, and thereby enhancing gluconeogenesis by sparing hexose monophosphates. Lactate in fed sham liver was 1,869 +/- 336 nmole/g, a concentration twofold greater than in fasted liver. This difference may contribute to the increased vulnerability of fed rats to septic shock. It is concluded that glucocorticoids tend to normalize Embden-Meyerhof pathway intermediates in both fed and fasted rat livers. PMID- 6688325 TI - Leukocyte counts and microbiologic cultivation in the diagnosis of puerperal mastitis. AB - In order to study the value of leukocyte counts and quantitative microbiologic cultivation of milk in the diagnosis of puerperal mastitis, 491 milk samples from nursing women were examined. In milk samples from mammary glands without inflammatory symptoms, leukocyte counts were less than 10(6)/ml of milk, and the milk was sterile or harbored less than 10(3) bacteria/ml. Samples from mammary glands with inflammatory symptoms could be divided into three groups. In one group, leukocyte counts were less than 10(6)/ml of milk, and cultivation results were similar to those of mammary glands without symptoms. The symptoms persisted for an average of 2.1 days. These cases were considered as milk stasis. In another group, the leukocyte counts were greater than 10(6)/ml of milk, but the milk was sterile or contaminated by skin flora bacteria. Average duration of symptoms was 5.3 days. These cases were considered as noninfectious inflammation of the breast. In the third group, leukocyte counts were greater than 10(6)/ml of milk and bacteria occurred in numbers of greater than 10(3)/ml, which suggests the presence of infectious mastitis. In these cases only antibiotic treatment should be recommended. PMID- 6688326 TI - Radiation therapy for Graves' disease. AB - We used radiation therapy (a total of 2,000 rads) to treat 14 patients (three men and 11 women, ranging in age from 27 to 72 years) with Graves' disease. Three of these patients had refused to take corticosteroids and the other 11 had failed to respond to them, had experienced side effects, or had other contraindications to their use. After follow-up periods ranging from six months to three years, soft tissue inflammation was reduced in 13 of the 14 patients. All but two patients showed a decrease in proptosis of 1 to 3 mm. Myopathy showed the least improvement. Although we noted transient eyelid erythema, there were no permanent sequelae and none of the patients has had a recurrence of the inflammation. PMID- 6688327 TI - The influence of indomethacin on retinopathy of prematurity. PMID- 6688329 TI - A verrucoid epidermotropic OKT8-positive lymphoma. PMID- 6688331 TI - Effects of spinally administered agents on spinal cord blood flow: a need for further studies. PMID- 6688330 TI - [The phonetic test. Measure of audition and perception of speech]. PMID- 6688332 TI - Clinical evaluation of atracurium besylate requirement for a stable muscle relaxation during surgery: lack of age-related effects. PMID- 6688328 TI - Tissue reaction to prosthetic materials in human temporal bones. AB - We studied tissue reaction to polymeric silicone (Silastic), polyethylene, tantalum wire, and polytetrafluorethylene (Teflon) in temporal bones and to Silastic in removed shunt tubes. A purpose of this study was to determine which synthetic material is best for insulation of cochlear implant electrodes. We found fibrous tissue around all shunt tubes and in all bones, giant cells in some specimens, and lymphocytic infiltration in a few. We consider none of these findings to indicate bioincompatibility, except in one case with a presumed idiosyncratic reaction to Silastic. We conclude that all four materials are well tolerated by the human ear. Our finding that Silastic is well tolerated for long periods of time leads us to conclude that it is good choice for insulation for implanted wires. PMID- 6688333 TI - The critical approach to food allergy. PMID- 6688334 TI - Food allergy and skin diseases. PMID- 6688335 TI - Food allergy and respiratory disease. PMID- 6688336 TI - Anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes in calves. PMID- 6688337 TI - Pharmacokinetics of the cytostatic drugs used in the CMF-regimen. AB - Forty-one clinical patients were studied on the first day of the first course of the CMF-regimen; administered by a fixed dosage scheme depending solely on body surface area of the patient in question. Parmacokinetic parameters were calculated for each drug: the data were analysed in conformity with the usual pharmacokinetic models. The results indicate a large pharmacokinetic variability, especially for cyclophosphamide (C). The large variability in plasma concentrations of C is presumed to be substantially attributable to the drug formula used. PMID- 6688338 TI - [CEA and related antigens as possible new tumor markers]. AB - Although carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a well established tumor marker and being applied widely to many clinical fields, it still possesses many unclear problems in its chemical and physicochemical properties, antigenic structure and assay systems. There exist some possibilities that the unclear problems concerning CEA could be solved by establishment of some novel tumor marker systems which will be derived from the original CEA system. There are several CEA related normal antigens; nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) from normal lung or spleen, NCA-2 from meconium, normal fecal antigen (NFA) from normal adult feces, which consists of 3 molecular species; NFA-1, NFA-2 and NFCA, and biliary glycoprotein I (BGP-I) from bile. As the results of antigenic analyses of CEA and these related antigens, it has been concluded that a CEA molecule can be divided into 4 antigenic moieties; NCA-common, NFCA-common, NFA-1-common, and CEA distinctive moieties. Since none of CEA assay systems available at present detects the CEA-distinctive moiety, a system which can detect the CEA molecule by this distinctive antigenic moiety must be a very important and novel tumor marker system. Since all of CEA assay systems at present measured CEA and NFA-2 simultaneously, an assay system for NFA-2 in sera must be quite useful for establishing the serum concentration of CEA proper. NFA-1 is a small molecular size antigen (M.W. 20,000) and retains major antigenic activity of the CEA molecule; therefore, NFA-1 would be applicable for establishing a unique CEA assay system which has equal reactivity to every CEA molecule in various malignant conditions. Synthetic peptides having the same amino acid sequences NH2 terminal portion of CEA may have some possibilities as a novel tumor marker. In all cases mentioned above, monoclonal antibodies to respective determinants must be essential and promising reagents for establishing assay systems of novel tumor markers. PMID- 6688339 TI - Sampling variability of liver biopsy in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Sampling errors may occur when hepatic needle biopsy specimens are obtained for histologic examination. We obtained biopsy specimens from the right and left lobes of the livers of 29 patients who were to undergo surgery for inflammatory bowel disease. The histologic appearances of Kupffer's cell hyperplasia, fatty change, portal tract inflammation, and focal necrosis, but not giant cell granulomas, were well represented by a single specimen. The incidence of minor hepatic abnormalities was high and is likely to reflect the severity of the disease leading to surgery, but serious lesions were uncommon. PMID- 6688340 TI - The role of the Ito cell in perivenular and intralobular fibrosis in alcoholic hepatitis. AB - The role of the Ito cells in perivenular and intralobular scarring in alcoholic liver disease was examined morphologically. There was a substantial decrease in the number of Ito cells in the midzone of the hepatic lobule in both fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis as judged by light microscopy. By electron microscopy, however, an increase in "activated" Ito cells or a few fibroblasts were found in small foci of fibrosis in association with inflammation and hepatocellular degenerative changes in most cases of alcoholic hepatitis. Cytoplasmic protrusions of activated Ito cells extended to the hepatocytes undergoing degenerative changes including Mallory body formation. There was an apparent transition from Ito cells to activated Ito cells and to fibroblasts. It is suggested that Ito cells may play a role in perivenular and intralobular fibrosis in alcoholic hepatitis. PMID- 6688341 TI - Arterial inflammatory-cell infiltration in Crohn's disease. AB - Histologic sections from 70 cases of Crohn's disease were studied for the presence of acute and/or chronic inflammatory cells in the walls of arteries and arterioles. Vessels in areas of marked inflammation were not considered. Similarly, arteries showing chronic obliterative changes, without inflammatory cells, were excluded. More than 20% of the cases showed either chronic inflammatory-cell infiltration, acute and chronic inflammatory-cell infiltration, obliterative changes with inflammatory-cell infiltration, or granulomatous inflammation. These changes need to be recognized as a part of Crohn's disease; furthermore, physicians should refrain from designating patients as having one of the primary vasculitides in the absence of extraintestinal evidence of disease. PMID- 6688342 TI - Catecholamine-induced myocardial necrosis in experimental diabetes mellitus. AB - The pathogenesis of the cardiomyopathy associated with diabetes mellitus is unknown. Among several suggested mechanisms, myocardial necrosis induced by endogenous catecholamines may play a role. Therefore, the sensitivity of the heart to the effect of varying doses of isoproterenol hydrochloride and norepinephrine bitartrate was examined in diabetic and control rats given streptozocin. The dose of isoproterenol hydrochloride ranged from 0.008 to 30 mg/kg of body weight. Norepinephrine bitartrate was given in doses from 0.2 to 1.0 mg/kg of body weight. Each dose was given twice, 24 hours apart. Animals were killed 48 hours after the first dose, and their hearts were examined pathologically. Diabetes did not significantly alter the pathological response of the heart to either drug. We conclude that the diabetic heart is not intrinsically hypersensitive to catecholamines. PMID- 6688343 TI - Traumatic rupture of an adrenal myelolipoma. PMID- 6688344 TI - Adamantinoma of the soft tissue of the leg. PMID- 6688345 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland: a spectrum of differentiation. PMID- 6688346 TI - Arthroscopic meniscectomy. Technique, problems, complications, and follow-up results. AB - After gaining experience in 1,000 diagnostic arthoscopies arthroscopic surgery has been performed in 300 patients between 1979 and 1982, including 100 cases of meniscectomy. A report is given on the technique, problems, complications, and early follow-up results. A select approach to endoscopic surgery has been chosen for the treatment of different meniscus lesions. A combination of motorized instruments and modified manual Gillquist technique has been applied. The legholder is of great help for arthroscopic surgery of posterior horn lesion, especially in tight knees. There were only few problems with endoscopic meniscectomy. The reason for performing arthrotomy in eight cases was the lack of a suitable legholder and inaccurate placement of the instruments in the early stages of our experience. Hospital stay was generally 3-5 days. Postoperative pain was markedly reduced. The majority of those patients with a meniscus lesion as the exclusive abnormality in their knee joint experienced a rapid recovery and returned to work within 2 weeks after surgery. After surgery there was a moderate swelling of the knee joint in 40% of our patients. The swelling diminished rapidly within the 1st week after surgery. PMID- 6688347 TI - An essential role for glucocorticoid in casein gene expression in rat mammary explants. AB - It is demonstrated that the accumulation of 42 K casein mRNA in mammary tissue from adrenalectomized, virgin rats is almost 20x higher in the presence of exogenous hydrocortisone than in its absence. Accumulation of 25 K casein mRNA in this tissue is totally dependent on the steroid. The results indicate a much greater dependency on hydrocortisone than was appreciated previously, and also show that this dependency does not reflect a loss of cell viability in the absence of the steroid. PMID- 6688348 TI - High affinity binding of the mastoparans by calmodulin. AB - Calmodulin exhibits high affinity, calcium-dependent binding of the mastoparans- a group of cytoactive tetradecapeptides. The dissociation constants for the peptide-calmodulin complexes determined in 0.20 N KCl, 1.0 mM CaCl2, pH 7.3 are approximately 0.3 nM for mastoparan, approximately 0.9 nM for mastoparan X, and approximately 3.5 nM for Polistes mastoparan. The dissociation constant for the mastoparan-calmodulin complex is the smallest known for any calmodulin binding protein or peptide, suggesting that some type of peptide-calmodulin interaction could be physiologically significant. PMID- 6688349 TI - Lipid-water interface mediates reversible ionophore conformational change. AB - A new procedure of conformational analysis was used to demonstrate that the ionophore conformation is mediated by its membrane environment. In the hydrophobic lipid matrix, the ionomycin-Ca++ complex adopts a conformation well suited for translocation across the interior of the membrane whereas at the lipid water interface, the Ca++ ion is immersed into the aqueous phase in a position favorable to its complexation or decomplexation. The translocation of Ca++ across the lipid bilayer supposes a reversible transformation of the two conformers. The conformational analysis shows how the dielectric constant discontinuity existing at the lipid-water interface mediates the reversible transformation of one structure into the other. PMID- 6688350 TI - Heme and hemoproteins in streptozotocin-diabetic female rats. AB - Alterations in heme biosynthetic and degradative capabilities and in the activities of several heme-containing enzymes were examined in hepatic tissues of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic female Sprague-Dawley rats. Activities were measured 10, 30 and 90 days following the administration of STZ (65 mg/kg, i.v.). The activities of the key enzymes involved in heme synthesis, delta aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase, ALA dehydratase, and uroporphyrinogen synthase, were decreased markedly in STZ-diabetic rats as compared to sham operated animals. Furthermore, the catabolism of heme which occurs via microsomal heme oxygenase (MHO) remained unaltered in these animals. Microsomal content of heme and cytochrome P-450, and the activities of tryptophan pyrrolase and the drug-metabolizing enzymes benzo[a]pyrene (BP) hydroxylase and aniline hydroxylase, were increased in the livers of diabetic rats. By contrast, the activity of the heme-containing enzyme catalase was decreased in these animals. Cobalt chloride produced a marked increase in MHO with a concomitant decrease in microsomal content of cytochrome P-450 and its associated BP hydroxylase activity in normal as well as chronically diabetic rats. It was of interest, however, that the increase in ALA synthase that is normally produced by this metal was not seen in chronic diabetic animals. Thus, chronic diabetes produced subtle and important disruptions in cellular metabolism, which may have been the result of long-term alterations in key enzymes involved in heme synthesis. PMID- 6688351 TI - The Statistical Analysis System for program management. PMID- 6688352 TI - Using SAS for displaying data and preparing poster session material. PMID- 6688353 TI - Two unusual manifestations of infection with Staphylococcus aureus presenting to a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6688354 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid masquerading as 'malignant' ophthalmopathy of Graves's disease. AB - A patient with Graves's disease is described in whom the periorbital changes of severe ophthalmopathy and iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome delayed the diagnosis of a squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid. It is suggested that the immunosuppressive therapy which the patient received may have enhanced the growth of a pre-existing malignancy. PMID- 6688355 TI - Characterization of a complementary deoxyribonucleic acid coding for the alpha chain of human fibrinogen. AB - A human liver cDNA library was screened for the alpha chain of fibrinogen with a cDNA clone from the corresponding bovine molecule as a hybridization probe. Several human clones coding for the alpha chain were identified, and one of these was used to rescreen the entire cDNA library of 18 000 recombinants. Plasmids with the largest cDNAs were isolated, and their inserts were sequenced. The largest cDNA insert contained 2224 base pairs, including a noncoding region at the 5'-end followed by a region coding for a signal peptide of 19 (or 16) amino acids and a mature protein of 625 amino acids, a stop codon of TAG, another noncoding region, and a poly(A) tail at the 3'-end. Eight tandem repeats of 39 base pairs were observed starting with nucleotide 905 (amino acid residue 270) and ending with nucleotide 1213 (amino acid residue 372). The identity in the nucleotide sequence in the tandem repeats ranged from 72 to 95% when compared to a consensus sequence. The predicted amino acid sequence for the mature polypeptide chain was 15 amino acids longer at the carboxyl-terminal end than that of the alpha chain isolated and sequenced from plasma fibrinogen. This indicates that minor proteolysis has taken place on the carboxyl-terminal end of the alpha chains, and this modification has probably occurred during secretion or circulation of the protein in plasma. PMID- 6688356 TI - Characterization of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid and genomic deoxyribonucleic acid for the beta chain of human fibrinogen. AB - A total of 148 cDNAs coding for the beta chain of human fibrinogen have been identified from a human liver cDNA library employing a bovine cDNA as a probe. The largest cDNA insert contained 1932 base pairs cloned into the PstI site of plasmid pBR322. This cDNA insert contained 66 base pairs coding for a portion or all of a signal sequence, 1383 base pairs coding for 461 amino acids in the mature protein, a stop codon of TAG, a noncoding region of 431 base pairs, and a poly(A) tail of 19 base pairs. Most of the cDNA inserts coding for the beta chain were found to have a noncoding region of 98 or 167 base pairs rather than 431 base pairs at the 3'-end. The bovine cDNA for the beta chain was also employed as a probe for screening a lambda phage library containing human genomic DNA. Seven positive phage were identified. One of the phage, which contained the entire gene for the beta chain of fibrinogen, was examined by electron microscopy, and portions of its DNA sequence are presented. Seven intervening sequences were identified in the gene for the beta chain of human fibrinogen. The largest intervening sequence (approximately 1.3 kilobases) was found at the 5'-end of the gene and was located between amino acid residues 8 and 9, which are present in fibrinopeptide B. A sequence analysis of the 5'-end of the gene also indicated that the B chain of human fibrinogen contained a signal sequence of either 16, 27, or 30 amino acid residues. PMID- 6688357 TI - Characterization of a complementary deoxyribonucleic acid coding for the gamma chain of human fibrinogen. AB - A number of cDNAs coding for the gamma chain of human fibrinogen have been isolated from a liver cDNA library by employing a synthetic nucleotide mixture as a probe. One of the positive clones was then employed to screen the entire cDNA library of 18000 recombinants, yielding 320 positive clones for the gamma chain. The largest cDNA was 1638 base pairs in length and contained 10 base pairs of poly(G) at the 5'-end followed by 71 base pairs of noncoding nucleotides. The next 78 base pairs coded for a leader sequence that was 26 amino acids in length and included a methionine start signal and a typical hydrophobic core. The following 1233 base pairs coded for 411 amino acids that are present in the mature protein followed by a stop codon of TAA, 207 base pairs of noncoding nucleotides, a poly(A) track of 15 base pairs, and 22 base pairs of poly(C). Specific regions of the cDNA of the gamma chain were then compared with the cDNAs for the alpha and beta chains of human fibrinogen. PMID- 6688358 TI - Pressure effects on the apparent viscosity of artificial dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine membranes using intramolecular excimer probe. AB - Emission spectroscopy of intramolecular excimer probes allows the determination of 'equivalent viscosity' of membranes. While increasing the pressure on artificial membrane suspensions, variations in viscosity - essentially related to an increase in the order parameter in the membranes - are observed. In the case of mixed phospholipids, the effect of pressure is amplified, probably due to the existence of holes on the molecular scale between the two lipidic layers. PMID- 6688360 TI - Increased levels of dihydrofolate reductase mRNA can be measured in normal, growth-stimulated mouse fibroblasts. AB - Levels of mRNA for the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3) were determined in growth-stimulated 3T6 cells which contained wild-type dosage of the gene coding for this enzyme. As in the case of methotrexate-resistant cells having highly amplified levels of genes for dihydrofolate reductase, an increase in dihydrofolate reductase mRNA by a factor of 2-4 can be determined when cells enter the S phase. This increase is inhibited by sodium butyrate (which inhibits growth-stimulated 3T6 cells in mid G1 phase) but not by hydroxyurea (which inhibits in early S phase). We conclude that with the available methods it is possible to study the regulation of S phase-specific enzymes after growth stimulation at the level of the mRNA, even if gene amplification is not possible or desirable. PMID- 6688361 TI - Sulfoxide reductase activity of liver aldehyde oxidase. AB - The present study provides evidence that guinea pig and rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase (EC 1.2.3.1) in the presence of its electron donors such as aldehydes or N-heterocyclic compounds functions as a sulfoxide reductase towards sulindac and other sulfoxide compounds. In addition, the study shows that a combination of liver aldehyde oxidase and milk xanthine oxidase also exhibits sulfoxide reductase activity in the presence of xanthine, and electron donor of xanthine oxidase. Based on these facts, we propose a new electron-transfer system consisting of these two flavoenzymes. PMID- 6688359 TI - Barrier properties of glycophorin-phospholipid systems prepared by different methods. AB - Glycophorin was incorporated into large unilamellar dioleoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles by either a detergent dialysis method using octylglucoside or a method avoiding the use of detergents. The vesicles were characterized and the permeability properties and transbilayer movement of lipids in both vesicles were investigated as a function of the protein concentration and were compared to protein-free vesicles. An insight in the permeability properties of the vesicles was obtained by monitoring the ratio potassium (permeant): dextran (impermeant) trap immediately after separation of the vesicles from the external medium. Glycophorin incorporated without the use of detergents in 1:300 protein:lipid molar ratio induces a high potassium permeability for the majority of the vesicles as judged from the low potassium trap (K+:dextran trap = 0.21). In contrast, the vesicles in which glycophorin is incorporated via the octylglucoside method (1:500 protein:lipid molar ratio) are much less permeable to potassium (K+:dextran trap = 0.67 and t12 of potassium efflux at 22 degrees C is 7.5 h.). The relationship between protein-induced bilayer permeability and lipid transbilayer movement in both vesicle preparations is discussed. Addition of wheat-germ agglutinin to glycophorin-containing vesicles comprised of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine and total erythrocyte lipids caused no or just a small effect (less than 20% release of potassium) on the potassium permeability of these vesicles. Also, addition of lectin to dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine glycophorin bilayer vesicles in a 25:1 lipid:glycophorin molar ratio had no effect on the permeability characteristics of the vesicles. In contrast, addition of wheat-germ agglutinin to bilayer vesicles made of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine and glycophorin in a 200:1 molar ratio resulted in a release of 74% of the enclosed potassium by triggering a bilayer to hexagonal (HII) phase transition. The role of protein aggregation and the formation of defects in the lipid bilayer on membrane permeability and lipid transbilayer movement is discussed. PMID- 6688362 TI - Incorporation of [3H]palmitate into disaturated phosphatidylcholines in alveolar type II cells isolated by centrifugal elutriation. AB - In order to study synthesis of pulmonary surfactant materials, we measured incorporation of [3H]palmitate into disaturated phosphatidylcholines (PC) in alveolar type II cells isolated by centrifugal elutriation. The time course for this process is not linear and, at high external palmitate levels (1 mM), incorporation is maximal in 4-5 h. Incorporation is dependent on extracellular palmitate with a Vmax (at 1 mM) of 1.66 nmol palmitate incorporated into disaturated PC/4.2 X 10(5) cells per 2 h and a K1/2 of 0.1 mM palmitate. Addition of an optimal amount of extracellular choline (0.05 mM) increases Vmax and decreases K1/2 for palmitate. Incorporation of palmitate is dependent upon cell number, inhibited by extracellular Ca2+ and stimulated by external Mg2+. Cholinergic and beta-adrenergic agonists do not increase incorporation. Pulmonary lavage fluid inhibits incorporation of palmitate into disaturated PC, suggesting there is negative feedback involved. Disaturated PC which has been recently synthesized (i.e., over a 2 h period) is broken down intracellularly by type II cells when they are suspended in palmitate-free medium. These results indicate that (1) several factors, such as substrate levels, cell number, Ca2+, Mg2+ and amount of surfactant present, are involved in the regulation of palmitate incorporation into disaturated PC; (2) disaturated PC which has been recently synthesized may be broken down by type II cells; and (3) surfactant synthesis in freshly isolated cells differs slightly from that reported by other investigators in type II cells maintained in primary cell culture. PMID- 6688363 TI - Effects of maternal diabetes on the levels, synthetic rates and activities of synthetic enzymes of surface-active phospholipids in perinatal rat lung. AB - Streptozotocin-induced maternal diabetes in the rat has been found to reduce selectively the content and synthetic rates of disaturated phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine in the lungs of term fetuses. Furthermore, the elevations in these parameters which occur during normal pulmonary maturation between the final gestational day and the first neonatal day are abolished or markedly curtailed, resulting in significantly reduced levels and synthetic rates of surfactant and its immediate precursor in the neonatal lung. In addition, complete or partial inhibition of the perinatal developmental rise in the activities of key enzymes catalyzing de novo phosphatidylcholine synthesis in the lung, viz., cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase and cholinephosphotransferase, and of enzymes catalyzing reacylation of unsaturated to disaturated phospholipid, viz., lysophosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases, has been observed, resulting in reduced activities of these enzymes in the neonate. The observed reductions in surface-active phospholipid synthesis in the lungs of offspring of diabetic mothers may be related to these lowered enzyme activities, as well as to deficiencies in carbohydrate precursors available for phospholipid synthesis, as reported in previous studies. It is suggested that the hyperinsulinemia manifested in fetuses of diabetic mothers opposes the tendency of corticosteroids to enhance surface-active phospholipid synthesis, resulting in pulmonary surfactant deficiency and thus the propensity for neonatal respiratory distress. PMID- 6688364 TI - Changes in phospholipid composition of lung surfactant during development in the fetal lamb. AB - The lung surfactant isolated from pulmonary fluid of fetal sheep changes both in amount and composition during gestation. Total phosphatidylcholine (PC) and its most surface-active components, disaturated PC, are present at very low levels 3 4 weeks prior to term and rise to adult levels 3-4 days before birth. The acidic phospholipids appear with a different time course. Phosphatidylserine reaches elevated levels about 21 days before birth. Phosphatidylinositol begins to increase at about 130 days of gestation. Phosphatidylglycerol is not a component (less than 1%) of the surfactant in this fetal lung fluid. At term, phosphatidylinositol is the major acidic phospholipid found in these fluids. PMID- 6688365 TI - The effect of serum vitamin D-binding protein on polymerization and depolymerization of actin is similar to the effect of profilin on actin. AB - The mechanism of the interaction between two genetically determined serum vitamin D-binding protein forms and the muscle skeletal actin was investigated. Vitamin D binding protein was isolated in a good yield from human serum, using immunoaffinity chromatography. 16 mg of pure vitamin D-binding protein were obtained from 100 ml of serum. The interaction between purified vitamin D-binding protein and skeletal muscle actin was studied by viscosity, delta A (232 nm) measurements and by electron microscopy. The effect of vitamin D-binding protein on actin polymerization is characterized by the decrease of the nucleation and elongation rates and by the decrease of the final concentration of polymerized actin in the steady state. The depolymerizing effect is not the result of direct action on vitamin D-binding protein on F-actin but rather of an increased concentration of the complex of the former protein with G-actin. The characteristics of the vitamin D-binding protein and profilin interactions with actin are similar. Both proteins seem to react only with G-actin. PMID- 6688366 TI - [Functional groups involved in the nitrate reductase activity of milk xanthine oxidase]. AB - Milk xanthine oxidase possesses the nitrate reductase activity at pH 5.2; the pH optimum of the xanthine oxidase activity for the enzyme lies at 9.6. After removal of FAD and binding of Mo and Fe with a simultaneous measurement at the pH optima of the above activities it was found that only the Mo-containing site is necessary for the nitrate reductase activity. The switch-over of the enzyme from the xanthine oxidase to the nitrate reductase activity is associated with considerable conformational changes of the enzyme molecule. PMID- 6688367 TI - Galactocerebroside-phospholipid interactions in bilayer membranes. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction have been used to study the interaction of hydrated N-palmitoylgalactosylsphingosine (NPGS) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). For mixtures containing less than 23 mol% NPGS, complete miscibility of NPGS into hydrated DPPC bilayers is observed in both the bilayer gel and liquid-crystal phases. X-ray diffraction data demonstrate insignificant differences in the DPPC-bilayer gel-phase parameters on incorporation of up to 23 mol% NPGS. At greater than 23 mol% NPGS, additional high-temperature transitions occur, indicating phase separation of cerebroside. For these cerebroside concentrations, at 20 degrees C, x-ray diffraction shows two lamellar phases, hydrated DPPC-NPGS gel bilayers (d = 64 A) containing 23 mol% NPGS, and NPGS "crystal" bilayers (d = 55 A). On heating to temperatures greater than 45 degrees C, the mixed DPPC-NPGS bilayer phase undergoes chain melting, and on further increasing the temperature progressively more NPGS is incorporated into the liquid-crystal DPPC-NPGS bilayer phase. At temperatures greater than 82 degrees C (the transition temperature of hydrated NPGS), complete lipid miscibility is observed at all DPPC/NPGS molar ratios. PMID- 6688369 TI - Factors affecting the prognosis of meniscectomy in soccer players. AB - Meniscectomy is a frequent surgical procedure in young soccer players but the results are unpredictable. A long-term survey was carried out to assess certain fundamental features and to establish the predictive factors which affect the prognosis after meniscectomy. PMID- 6688372 TI - Management of inadequate transantral orbital decompression with extended lateral orbitotomy. AB - A patient with progressive endocrine exophthalmos underwent bilateral transantral orbital decompression. The results were inadequate. Subsequent extended lateral orbitotomies allowed satisfactory decompression through the third wall of each orbit. PMID- 6688368 TI - The unwinding of circular DNA by intercalating agents as determined by gel electrophoresis. AB - The conventional counting of electrophoretically resolvable topoisomers is an attractive technique for determining the number of superhelical turns in a closed circular DNA molecule. The method can be extended in order to determine the unwinding produced by a drug, if its binding constants are known under similar environmental conditions. Ethidium bromide was found to unwind a DNA molecule derived from the plasmid pBR322 by 26.0 degrees in a magnesium-containing buffer. The method is convenient for investigating the possible effects of different environmental changes (such as ionic strength, ionic species, or temperature) on the unwinding angle produced by a particular drug. It can also give an early indication of multiple modes of binding. PMID- 6688371 TI - Combined local chemotherapy for a spontaneously occurring intraocular tumour in a cat. AB - A spontaneously occurring tumour in the anterior chamber of the eye of a cat was diagnosed by aspiration needle biopsy as a malignant lymphosarcoma. Combined local chemotherapy, consisting of subconjunctival injection of methylprednisolone acetate and methotrexate along with topical administration of dexamethasone, led to rapid resolution of the lesion. Over 18 weeks of follow-up there was no recurrence. PMID- 6688370 TI - Sequential isolation of lamellar bodies and surfactant fractions from rat lungs. PMID- 6688373 TI - Studies on the ring-cyclization and ring-expansion enzymes of beta-lactam biosynthesis in Cephalosporium acremonium. AB - Micrococcus luteus was found to be very sensitive to isopenicillin N and was used as assay organism for purification of the enzyme isopenicillin N synthetase, which cyclizes delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine to isopenicillin N. Purification of the enzyme from the crude extract obtained by sonication of mycelia of Cephalosporium acremonium CW-19 was carried out by ammonium sulfate precipitation, desalting with Sephadex G-25, gel filtration on LKB ultrogel AcA44 or ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose. The cyclization enzyme was separated from the ring-expansion enzyme and was purified considerably more than 50-fold by this procedure. Using the purified enzyme, we found that the disulfide bis-delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine required reduction to delta (L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine in order to behave as a substrate. The enzyme activity was stimulated by FeSO4 and ascorbate, but other cofactors, including alpha-ketoglutarate, were inactive. In addition to delta-(L-alpha aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine, the enzyme converted adipyl-L-cysteinyl-D valine, N-acetyl-delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine, and glycyl delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)L-cysteinyl-D-valine to penicillins. All of these latter peptides were competitive inhibitors of the cyclization reaction. The Km of the cyclization enzyme is 10 times higher than that of the ring-expansion enzyme, deacetoxycephalosporin C synthetase. The pH and temperature optima of the two enzymes were rather similar. Phosphate inhibited ring expansion, but not cyclization. Both enzymes appear to be soluble enzymes of about 31 000 molecular weight. PMID- 6688374 TI - Complementary DNA-25S ribosomal RNA hybridization: an improved method for phylogenetic studies. AB - In a new combination of techniques for ribosomal RNA hybridization, complementary DNA is synthesized on 25S ribosomal RNA fragments generated by mild alkali treatment, by the enzymatic addition of polyadenylic acid tails, hybridization of these tails with oligo deoxyribosylthymine, and reverse transcription in the presence of tritiated TTP. Hybridization reactions are performed in solution. Heteroduplexes are collected on diethylaminoethylcellulose filter discs after treatment with S1 nuclease. The problems presented by secondary rRNA structure are avoided by denaturation before reverse transcription and before hybridization. The high percentage of duplex formation (78-87%), the low standard deviation of relative binding (averaging +/- 1.30% relative binding), and small differences in reciprocal hybridizations (1.71-5.18% relative binding), as well as the elimination of complications resulting from differences in the number of rRNA cistrons in nuclear DNA, make this method preferable to the membrane-filter technique commonly used in phylogenetic classifications based on the homology of large rRNAs. PMID- 6688376 TI - Local administration of interferon for malignant brain tumors. AB - We investigated the effects of local administration of interferon (IFN) on 13 patients with recurrent brain tumors. Histologic diagnoses were glioblastoma (eight patients), medulloblastoma (one), ependymoma (one), ependymoblastoma (one), pontine glioma (one), and astrocytoma (one). When tumor recurrence was evident local administration of IFN was started through an Ommaya reservoir, which was placed during repeat craniotomy. No tumor regressions were seen in the patients given weekly injections of IFN; however, in two of six patients given daily injections, a decrease of tumor volume and augmentation of natural killer activity were seen. PMID- 6688377 TI - Phase II study of amsacrine (AMSA) in previously treated patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium: a National Bladder Cancer Collaborative Group A study. PMID- 6688375 TI - The role of intestinal microflora in the metabolic reduction of 1-nitropyrene to 1-aminopyrene in conventional and germfree rats and in humans. AB - 1-Nitropyrene (100 mg/kg body wt.) was administered by gavage to conventional and germfree Fischer 344 rats. 1-Aminopyrene was detected in the feces of conventional rats (5-6% of the dose) but not in the feces of germfree rats. Conjugates of 1-aminopyrene were not detected in the feces of germfree rats and neither 1-aminopyrene nor its conjugates were found in the urine of either conventional or germfree rats. Since reduction of 1-nitropyrene to 1-aminopyrene is an activation process, the results indicate that intestinal microflora are important in the metabolic activation of 1-nitropyrene in vivo in the rat. Human intestinal microflora also reduced 1-nitropyrene to 1-aminopyrene. PMID- 6688379 TI - Immune elimination of autologous senescent erythrocytes by Kupffer cells in vivo. AB - It has been shown previously that autologous monocytes recognize and phagocytose aging self-erythrocytes in vitro. The recognition requires the presence of an autoantibody present in all normal serum. Herein a similar mechanism of recognition and immune elimination of senescent erythrocytes in vivo is reported. When autologous rabbit red blood cells (RBCs), aged either in vivo or neuraminidase-treated young, were reinjected into the animal, most of the old RBCs were trapped in the liver while the majority of the young cells lodged in the spleen. Following reinjection of aging RBCs, the activity of microsomal heme oxygenase enzyme of the liver tissue increased greater than fourfold, suggesting erythrophagocytosis activity of Kupffer cells. PMID- 6688378 TI - Extensive ultrastructural changes in rat mammotrophs following administration of the dopamine agonist ergocristine-reflecting inhibition of prolactin release. AB - We have demonstrated an extensive reorganization of organelles in mammotrophs immediately following administration of ergocristine (a dopamine agonist) to estradiol-primed male rats. Our ultrastructural findings are consistent with our previous results that ergocristine can block prolactin release without any noticeable latent period. Following three-week priming of male rats with estradiol implants, ergocristine was administered by a bolus injection through an indwelling cannula. Within two min of its administration, ergocristine induced dramatic changes in the ultrastructure of mammotrophs, i.e., (1) increased numbers of secretory granules, (2) peripheral relocation of rough endoplasmic reticulum which tends to sequester secretory granules, (3) change in location of nucleus and (4) increased numbers of intracellular bodies associated with secretory granules. We suggest that the extensive ultrastructural changes that occurred in such a short period following ergocristine administration may be indications of specific factors associated with blockage of hormone release. PMID- 6688380 TI - Studies on heart. XXIII. Distribution of [1-14C] acetamidino-antiarrhythmic peptide (14C-AAP) in mice. PMID- 6688381 TI - A sulfoxide-reducing enzyme system consisting of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase--a new electron transfer system. PMID- 6688382 TI - Influence of scheduling on therapeutic and toxic effect of AMSA in Lewis lung carcinoma. AB - The antitumor activity and toxic effect of AMSA were studied in Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) at various stages of growth. The total dose of drug injected IP was 15 mg/kg, which is equivalent to the LD10. Different administration schedules were tested, these being single-injection schedules (day 1, 7, or 10 after tumor implantation) and repeated low-dose-injection regimens (days 1, 4, and 7 and days 1-7 after tumor implantation). Tumor weight inhibition, retardation of growth, reduction in the number of metastases, and median survival time of treated mice over controls were analyzed as end-points to evaluate the antitumor activity of AMSA. Early deaths and changes in white blood cell count were considered as parameters of toxicity. Our findings can be summarized as follows: (1) AMSA is only minimally effective against primary 3LL tumor at all the growth stages examined and no schedule-dependency is detected; (2) a greater reduction in metastases (70%-77%) is found when the drug is administered fractionally than when it is given in a single dose (39%-60%); (3) irreversible leukopenia is induced by the single-dose schedule of AMSA administration while after repeated low doses the white blood cell counts are in the same range of those of the control groups. Therefore, because of the schedule-dependency of toxicity and reduction in metastases, fractionated administration of AMSA at this dose level would be suitable for adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 6688383 TI - The dependence of unloaded shortening velocity on Ca++, calmodulin, and duration of contraction in "chemically skinned" smooth muscle. AB - Unloaded shortening velocity, a mechanical parameter associated with the rate of cross-bridge cycling, was investigated in chemically skinned guinea pig taenia coli and hog carotid artery. Shortening velocity was measured by the technique described by Edman, whereby large length steps are rapidly imposed on the muscle and the time under unloaded conditions is determined from the isometric myograms. Shortening velocity determined in this manner was similar to Vmax from the Hill force-velocity relations reported for both living and skinned taenia coli, and, in the case of carotid artery, was at least as large as that reported for living muscle. The behavior of shortening velocity was qualitatively similar for both preparations. Shortening velocity was strongly temperature dependent, with a Q10 of approximately 3.6. Shortening velocity was found to be dependent on both the Ca++ and calmodulin concentration. In contrast to the dependence of isometric force on Ca++-calmodulin, shortening velocity could be increased further by the addition of Ca++ and/or calmodulin under conditions when isometric force was maximized. Incubation with ATP-gamma S, which presumably maximizes the phosphorylation of myosin, did not increase shortening velocity beyond the maximum value obtained in the presence of Ca++-calmodulin alone. The development of shortening velocity after exposure to high Ca++ solution was found to precede that of isometric force. The steady state value tended to be slightly lower than the maximum shortening velocity, the largest difference observed being less than 1.5-fold. Thus, whereas both isometric force and shortening velocity are dependent on the Ca++-calmodulin concentration in skinned smooth muscle, the dependencies are not identical, differing with respect to temporal development and concentration. These differences may underlie the decline in velocity with maintained isometric force observed in living smooth muscle. PMID- 6688385 TI - [Therapeutic effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on hypoparathyroidism]. PMID- 6688386 TI - [The effects of oral ethanol administration on plasma gut GLI in rats]. PMID- 6688384 TI - Determination of sialic acid using 2-thiobarbituric acid in the absence of hazardous sodium arsenite. PMID- 6688387 TI - The role of foods in atopic eczema. PMID- 6688388 TI - Radiation nephritis in a case of a spindle cell neoplasm in remission after combination treatment with abdominal radiotherapy and chemotherapy. AB - A 34-year-old woman presented with acute radiation nephritis three months after completion of treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and abdominal radiotherapy. This case and similar previous reports suggest a potentiating effect by the chemotherapy of the renal damage by radiation which may cause radiation nephritis to develop at radiation doses normally within renal tolerance. PMID- 6688389 TI - Hashimoto's disease presenting as an unusual retropharyngeal mass. AB - The case of a 57-year-old male with a large and rapidly growing mass in the retropharyngeal space is presented. Whilst this lesion had many of the features of malignancy, histopathological examination has shown it to be due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which appears to have developed in ectopic thyroid remnants. A rapid and sustained resolution of the mass has followed conventional therapy. PMID- 6688390 TI - Comparison of three methods for estimating theophylline pharmacokinetics. PMID- 6688391 TI - Computerized tomographic (CT) scanning in orbital disease. PMID- 6688393 TI - Population of K-lymphocytes in various kinds of thyroid disease. AB - We have measured the population of Killer (K) lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of 108 patients with various kinds of thyroid disease. In the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, the relative and absolute numbers of K-lymphocytes were significantly lower than those seen in healthy controls (p less than 0.001), and the longer the duration of medication, the lower the K lymphocyte population. However, there was no apparent correlation between the serum titers of thyroid autoantibodies and the K-lymphocyte population. In the patients with malignant and benign thyroid tumors, the relative and absolute numbers of K-lymphocytes significantly decreased when compared with those of controls (p less than 0.001), the decrease was more prominent after surgical operation than before operation. A prominent decrease in the K-lymphocyte population was evoked to maximum 2 to 4 weeks after surgical operation. The patients with both malignant and benign tumors having abundant lymphocytic infiltration in their surgical specimens generally revealed a lower K-lymphocyte population than those having no lymphocytic infiltration. PMID- 6688392 TI - Intratracheal fire ignited by the Nd-YAG laser during treatment of tracheal stenosis. AB - Intratracheal combustion of a fiberoptic bronchoscope and an endotracheal tube occurred during the treatment of severe tracheal stenosis with the neodymium-YAG laser. This recognized hazard of CO2 laser surgery has not been reported previously with the use of the Nd-YAG laser. Fire hazard is inevitable when a laser is used in the airway, but the risk can be diminished. Rapid removal of the burning endoscope and endotracheal tube is essential to prevent serious complications. PMID- 6688394 TI - Rapid improvement of thyroid function by using glucocorticoid indicated for the preoperative preparation of subtotal thyroidectomy in Graves' disease. AB - Glucocorticoid therapy is not considered as an authentic method for obtaining euthyroid in Graves' disease. We tried the administration of prednisolone as a preoperative preparation for subtotal thyroidectomy in 4 hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease who had suffered adverse effects of thionamide antithyroid drugs, including agranulocytosis, liver damage and skin eruptions. Following oral administration of a 30 mg daily dose of prednisolone, with or without other antithyroid reagents, both serum T4 and T3 concentrations decreased rapidly and reached the normal range within 2 weeks. The clinical signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism also improved rapidly and subtotal thyroidectomies were performed uneventfully in all cases. These results suggest that 1) glucocorticoid medication can normalize the circulating hormone levels rapidly in Graves' disease, 2) it is a useful method as preoperative preparation for subtotal thyroidectomy, especially when other conventional methods are not available or effective in obtaining euthyroid, and 3) mechanisms other than thyroid stimulation by circulating immunoglobulin seem to play an important role in causing hyperfunction of the gland. PMID- 6688396 TI - A novel protein programmed by the mRNA conserved in dry wheat embryos. The principal site of cysteine incorporation during early germination. AB - If bulk mRNA from dry wheat embryos (wheat germ) is used to direct cell-free incorporation of [35S]cysteine into proteins, a striking proportion of the total radioactivity is channeled into a single protein. During early postimbibition development, when protein synthesis is directed by the mRNA conserved in dry embryos, incorporation of cysteine is preponderantly (20-25%) directed into synthesis of this one protein: the 'early' cysteine-labeled protein (Ec). When conserved mRNA from the dry embryos has been fully degraded, as when cellular or cell-free protein synthesis is directed by the mRNA in germinated embryos, synthesis of Ec is not detected. Reliable detection of Ec requires prior alkylation of wheat embryo proteins, and it was especially interesting to find that when wheat embryo proteins are alkylated by iodo[14C]acetamide, two proteins co-dominate the distribution of radioalkylated products in dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gels: Ec and wheat germ agglutinin. Using co electrophoresis with the isotopically labeled protein to detect a dye-staining counterpart, Ec has been purified by combined cation-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography of alkylated wheat germ proteins. The purified protein can be recovered in milligram quantity (5-10 mg/100 g wheat germ) and compositional analysis shows that it is unusually rich in cysteine (approx. 15%) and glycine (approx. 17%), as is wheat germ agglutinin. PMID- 6688395 TI - Methylated 7-deazahypoxanthines as regiochemical probes of xanthine oxidase. AB - 7-Deazahypoxanthine was found to be oxidised by cow's milk xanthine oxidase exclusively at carbon 2. The resulting 7-deazaxanthine is a strong inhibitor of the enzymatic reaction. This offers a possibility for determining the structural requirements of ligand binding separately for the first step. All the monomethyl isomers of 7-deazahypoxanthine were tested as probes by measuring their Km, Ki and V values. While the N-3-methyl and C-7-methyl isomers are still processed, the N-9-methyl and 6-O-methyl isomers are bound as inhibitors to the active site. The N-1-methyl compound is neither an inhibitor nor a substrate. This demonstrates that HN(1) and O = C(6) are essential for the binding. Replacement of O = C(6) by S = C(6) changes the substrate into a strong inhibitor (Ki = 9 microM), implying that the electron transfer to the enzyme is hindered. Methylation of the thioxo group (S =) reduces the inhibition significantly. In contrast to 7-deazahypoxanthine, 2-thioxo-7-deazaxanthine is an activator at concentrations below 87 microM and a partial competitive inhibitor above this concentration, which implies the presence of a second binding site. PMID- 6688397 TI - Bioavailability of two preparations of furosemide and their pharmacological activity in normal volunteers. AB - The relative bioavailability and diuretic effect of 2 commercially available tablet preparations of furosemide 40 mg was examined in 10 healthy male volunteers. A close linear relationship between the urinary excretion rate of furosemide and the rate of sodium ion excretion in urine and/or flow rate of urine was demonstrated. There were no significant differences in the urinary excretion of furosemide, sodium and potassium ions or urinary volume following the oral doses. The difference in drug content affected the urinary recovery of furosemide over 24 h but had no effect on the pharmacological response. The analytical power of ANOVA using the various parameters of the responses to furosemide was no lower than when the parameters of urinary excretion of furosemide were used. PMID- 6688398 TI - Pharmacological antagonism of the antinociceptive effects of serotonin in the rat spinal cord. PMID- 6688399 TI - [Proposal for treatment of classical venereal diseases]. PMID- 6688400 TI - No impairment of antipyrine elimination by the selective anticholinergic drug pirenzepine. AB - The elimination kinetics of antipyrine have been established under basal environmental conditions in 6 healthy volunteers. Concentrations of antipyrine in serum were measured by a relatively fast high-pressure liquid chromatography method using a radial-compression chromatographic system. Pretreatment of the subjects with therapeutic doses of pirenzepine over 5 days had no significant effect on the absorption, distribution, and elimination of antipyrine. These results suggest that pirenzepine is free of the inhibition of the hepatic mixed function oxidase system produced by cimetidine. PMID- 6688401 TI - Inhibition of murine tumor development by the lectin wheat germ agglutinin. AB - The antitumor activity of lectins were examined by studying the effect of lectins on the in vivo growth of murine tumors. The lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) inhibited the growth of MM46 ascites tumors in vivo as effectively as syngeneic antitumor antiserum, but other lectins were not effective in vivo. WGA also had an inhibitory effect on other syngeneic and allogeneic ascites tumors, a fact which is consistent with its wide range of target tumor cells demonstrated in the in vitro cytolysis system. These results suggest that WGA is a better antitumor agent than other plant lectins. The therapeutic effect of WGA might be, in part, due to its ligand activity between tumor cells and macrophages that induces lectin-dependent macrophage-mediated cytolysis, in addition to its direct cytostatic activity. PMID- 6688402 TI - Absorption of phosphate in the jejunum of patients with chronic renal failure before and after correction of vitamin D deficiency. AB - To examine the role of vitamin D in human phosphate absorption, we studied patients with chronic renal disease on hemodialysis, before and after correction of vitamin D deficiency. Thirty-centimeter segments of jejunum were perfused with test solutions containing varying concentrations of phosphate; phosphate absorption rate and electrical potential difference were measured. The data reveal that dialysis patients have depressed phosphate absorption, but the degree of this depression is modest, compared to the extent of their depressed calcium absorption. Therapy with 1,25-(OH)2D3 for 1 wk restored phosphate absorption rate to near normal. With or without 1,25-(OH)2D3 therapy, phosphate absorption was not influenced by calcium in the perfused test solutions. Examination of kinetic data suggests that the vitamin D deficiency of chronic renal failure causes a reduction by half in the rate of active phosphate absorption. By contrast, our data suggest that vitamin D deficiency does not alter passive phosphate absorption. By aspirating jejunal contents after ingestion of different foods, with and without aluminum hydroxide, the physiologic luminal phosphate concentration was found to vary between 0.7 and 12.2 mM. At the lower end of this range, phosphate absorption would be mediated entirely by active transport; at the higher phosphate concentrations, phosphate absorption would be mainly mediated by passive transport. PMID- 6688403 TI - [THe use of a polyfunctional blood substitute polyfer in the treatment of patients with iron deficiency anemia]. PMID- 6688404 TI - [Ultrastructure of prolactin cells and survival of Gambusia sp. (teleost fish) in deionized water enriched in calcium or sodium]. AB - The ultrastructure of the prolactin (PRL) cells of Gambusia was studied in animals kept in deionized water (EDes) and in EDes supplemented either with Ca2+ (10,2 and 15,3 mM) or with Na+ (10,2 and 15,3 mM). In environments supplemented with CaCl2 the maximal survival was 40 days. The stimulation of PRL cells was similar to that described in EDes. On the contrary, in environments supplemented with NaCl, 50% of the animals are still alive after 45 days. PRL cells are slightly stimulated and their ultrastructural aspect is similar to that observed in controls kept in freshwater. The significance of these results is discussed in relation with our present knowledge of the pituitary control of osmoregulation in teleost fish. PMID- 6688405 TI - Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, and platinum chemotherapy in treatment of advanced and recurrent cervical carcinoma. AB - The chemotherapeutic combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum was used in the treatment of women with metastatic or recurrent cervical carcinomas not amenable to surgery or radiotherapy. A total of 20 patients with evaluable parameters were treated. Three partial remissions and one complete remission were obtained, giving an overall response rate of 20%. PMID- 6688406 TI - The predictability of subnormal penetrating capacity of sperm in cases of unexplained infertility. AB - Multivariate discriminant analysis has been used to determine the predictability of sub-normal penetrating capacity in cases of unexplained infertility. The product of this analysis was the identification of 7 discriminating variables, all of which described various aspects of the post-capacitation movement characteristics exhibited by the spermatozoa, omitting all reference to the conventional parameters of semen quality. On the basis of these discriminating variables, 90.9% of samples exhibiting penetration rates within the normal range were correctly predicted to be functionally competent. The same variables correctly identified only 60% of samples with impaired penetrating capacity, indicating that in the remaining 40%, defects are present in the spermatozoa which are not reflected in their motility patterns. PMID- 6688407 TI - Nabumetone--a novel anti-inflammatory drug: the influence of food, milk, antacids, and analgesics on bioavailability of single oral doses. AB - The absorption and bioavailability of nabumetone, a novel anti-inflammatory drug, were investigated following administration of single oral doses alone, and with food, milk, antacids, and analgesics to healthy volunteers. Since no unchanged nabumetone has been found in human plasma [Mangan et al. unpublished information], the plasma level of the metabolite 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid was investigated. After doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg nabumetone, maximum plasma concentrations of the major metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, were 9.76, 24.19, and 36.59 micrograms/ml, in nonfasting subjects. The 0-24 h and the 0-72 h areas under the plasma level curves together with the maximum plasma concentration reached, correlated strongly with the dosage level used. When nabumetone was given with food, the areas under the plasma level curve during the first 24 h and the maximum plasma concentrations were found to be significantly increased. No clinically relevant differences of plasma levels were seen when nabumetone was given to male and female subjects. The area under the plasma concentration curve and maximum plasma levels were significantly increased when the drug was given with milk compared to application with water or aluminum hydroxide. No significant differences could be found when the administration of nabumetone with aluminum hydroxide was compared with the administration with water. Co-administration of nabumetone with common analgesics, e.g., acetylsalicylic acid or paracetamol, did not significantly affect the plasma levels or the AUC values of 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid. The tolerance of nabumetone was found to be excellent in both fasting and nonfasting subjects. No adverse effects could be seen in hematology and clinical chemistry. PMID- 6688408 TI - Dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual tension: gynaecological aspects. PMID- 6688410 TI - Parametric estimation of ventilation-perfusion ratio distributions. AB - We present a model and rigorous statistical approach for recovery of ventilation perfusion ratio (V/Q) distribution parameters from multiple inert gas elimination data. We model the lung as a parallel combination of shunt, dead space, and one to three log-normal distributions of gas exchange units. This model provides a natural set of parameters for characterizing V/Q distributions. The log-normal terms are adjustable to represent smooth or sharp peaks in the distribution. Since the peak locations and widths are explicit in the model, very few parameters are needed. We select and estimate the significant parameters of the model by use of standard statistical tests and constrained least squares. This method provides two major advances in V/Q distribution estimation: 1) it allows flexible pooling and statistical comparisons of multiple experiments, and 2) it simultaneously gives both point estimates and 95% probability intervals for the V/Q distribution parameters. We present results of our procedure for data from humans in health, stress, and pulmonary disease. A program package, VQPAR, in FORTRAN is available for implementing the procedure. PMID- 6688411 TI - X-ray computed tomography of brain tumors in cats. AB - X-ray computed tomography (CT) was used to depict intracranial space-occupying lesions in 5 cats. Computed tomographic findings were confirmed by surgical biopsy in 2 cases and at necropsy in 3 cases. The detailed anatomic information provided by CT scans facilitated surgical removal of a brain tumor in 2 cats, and allowed accurate tumor localization and dose optimization for radiation therapy in 1 cat. It was concluded that CT provides information required for accurate diagnosis and treatment of feline brain tumors. PMID- 6688409 TI - Simulated responses to lognormally distributed continuous low radiation doses. AB - Three previously reported equations, expressing response as a function of both dose and dose rate, for low LET radiation were used to compute distributions of response to continuous, low-level, lognormally distributed doses for populations of variable size up to 5000. The simulations show that, when the response is inversely dependent on dose rate, the mean of the response distribution can either increase or decrease with increasing exposure to radiation, depending on whether or not the dose-dependent term is the dominant one in an equation. In one equation, which defines the response as conjugated hydroperoxide formation in irradiated membranes, the magnitude of the dose-dependent term is reduced the most by superoxide dismutase, an enzymic inhibitor of free radical processes. This results in the means of response distributions decreasing with increasing dose from continuous, low-level radiation. PMID- 6688412 TI - Ultrastructure of normal and torn menisci of the human knee joint. AB - Normal human menisci obtained at autopsy (seven cases) and the injured and uninjured portions of torn menisci obtained at surgery (nine cases) were studied with the electron microscope. The surface of menisci is composed of collagen fibrils surmounted by an electron-dense surface coat. Most of the cells in menisci are chondrocytes but a few fibroblasts and cells of an intermediate form difficult to classify as either fibroblasts or chondrocytes also occur. Mast cells are found at the vascularised periphery of the meniscus. Myofibroblasts were found in the injured portions of menisci in three out of the nine cases studied. A territorial matrix containing fibrils and proteoglycan particles with associated filaments is seen around or adjacent to chondrocytes, but sometimes this matrix is sparse or absent. The interterritorial or general matrix comprises collagen fibrils of widely varying diameters (25-180 nm) set in a sparse interfibrillary matrix containing proteoglycan particles. A few mature elastic fibres and several small or immature elastic fibres and collections of electron dense filaments are seen in the general matrix. Also seen in this region are calcified bodies and matrical lipidic debris derived by the shedding of cell processes and in situ necrosis of cells. Other features seen in the matrix of the injured portion of the meniscus include: (1) membrane-bound cystic structures; (2) parting and fraying of collagen fibrils; and (3) pools of proteoglycan particles. PMID- 6688413 TI - Metabolism of carbon monoxide by Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa: cell growth and properties of the oxidation system. AB - Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa 1 grew as an anaerobic facultative methylotroph with carbon monoxide as the sole carbon and energy source. Carbon from CO was assimilated into cell material via the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase cycle. The CO oxidation system in R. gelatinosa was induced during growth with the gas substrate. Light-grown cells did not oxidize CO. Surprisingly, when strain 1 cells grown in the dark with CO were transferred to growth with both CO and light, they continued to use CO and then photometabolized after the CO gas flow was stopped. This change in the energy-yielding substrate resulted in a diauxic growth response. The use of CO in preference to light energy forms the basis of a system in the cells that controls photosynthetic differentiation. CO oxidation was assayed as CO-methyl viologen oxidoreductase. Methyl viologen reduction only occurred with CO; the dye was not reduced with other C1 compounds. In vitro methyl viologen was reduced best at 24 degrees C and at pH values above 8.5. Whole cells exhibited a Km of 12.5 microM for CO and a Vmax of 3,800 nmol of CO oxidized per mg of protein per min. This was a low-potential oxidation reaction that readily reduced the viologen dye triquat (1,1'-trimethylene-2,2' dipyridilium dibromide) (E degrees' = -548 mV). PMID- 6688414 TI - Fluorescence studies on lipoamide dehydrogenases of pig heart. II. Microenvironments of tryptophan residues. AB - The tryptophan residues of two forms of pig heart lipoamide dehydrogenase (LD(I) and LD(II] were investigated fluorometrically. The tryptophan contents of LD(I) and LD(II) determined by the fluorescence method were 3 mol and 2 mol per mol of FAD, respectively. These values were in good agreement with those found by the MCD method. The microenvironments of the tryptophan residues were investigated by fluorescence quenching titration with acrylamide. The tryptophan residues of both enzymes were in heterogeneous microenvironments, and CD spectra showed some differences between these microenvironments in the two enzymes. Energy transfer from tryptophan residues to bound FAD was equally efficient in the two enzymes. It seems probable that the three tryptophan residues in LD(I) are all in different microenvironments, but that two of them are in microenvironments almost identical to those of the corresponding residues in LD(II). PMID- 6688415 TI - Cloning of DNA complementary to cytochrome P-450 induced by pregnenolone-16 alpha carbonitrile. Characterization of its mRNA, gene, and induction response. AB - The major form of cytochrome P-450 (P-450PCN) was isolated from rats administered pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN). Messenger RNA coding for P-450PCN was enriched by polysome immunoadsorption and utilized to construct a library of cDNA clones in pBR322. P-450PCN clones were isolated from this library by differential colony hybridization using [32P]cDNA probes transcribed from PCN-induced and PCN induced P-450PCN immunoenriched poly(A) RNA. The P-450PCN clone with the largest cDNA insert (pP450PCN-10) was verified to contain sequences complementary to P 450PCN mRNA by hybrid selection-translation. pP450PCN-10 was composed of approximately 1900 base pairs and had a restriction map that overlapped at least 3 other cDNA clones selected by differential colony hybridization. Denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis and nitrocellulose blot-hybridization using nick translated 32P-labeled pP450PCN-10 indicated that pP450PCN mRNA is 2500 +/- 150 nucleotides in length; pP450PCN-10, therefore, represents approximately 76% of its corresponding mRNA sequence. Southern blot analysis of rat DNA using pP450PCN revealed that approximately 50 to 60 kilobases of DNA reacted with the PCN probe, suggesting the P-450PCN gene is either a very large gene or other genomic segments exist that react with the probe, such as pseudogenes or related P-450 genes that share homology. The mechanism of P-450PCN induction was examined by isolating poly(A) RNA at various times after steroid administration and quantitating for P-450PCN mRNA using pP450PCN-10 as a hybridization probe. PCN administration produced a rapid elevation of P-450PCN mRNA which reached maximal levels (7-fold above control) 12 h after administration. In contrast, cytochrome P-450b mRNA, which is readily induced by phenobarbital, was only slightly elevated (approximately 2-fold) after PCN administration. PMID- 6688416 TI - Expression of human and Chinese hamster hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase cDNA recombinants in cultured Lesch-Nyhan and Chinese hamster fibroblasts. AB - The results presented in this communication demonstrate that hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) cDNA can be expressed in both Chinese hamster and human fibroblasts deficient in the endogenous gene product at levels permitting normal growth of the transformants. All the elements necessary for this expression are present in a pBR322-derived plasmid containing HPRT cDNA coding sequence and a retroviral long terminal repeat. These molecules function in both species investigated and, at least in the case of the Chinese hamster transformants, are efficient at the single copy level. Although the effects of the presence of intron sequences and a polyadenylation signal within the plasmids have yet to be evaluated, these studies demonstrate that neither is an absolute requirement for expression of HPRT cDNA sequences in cultured mammalian cells. We describe the construction of recombinant plasmids containing wild type human or Chinese hamster HPRT cDNA sequences in tandem with a retroviral LTR which confer the HPRT+ phenotype in HPRT-deficient V79 and Lesch-Nyhan fibroblasts. Both stable and unstable transformants, that expressed HPRT mRNA and protein, were isolated at high frequency. PMID- 6688417 TI - Hormonal regulation of transcription of rDNA. Inhibition of transcription during glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of proliferation of lymphosarcoma P1798 cells in culture. AB - A lymphosarcoma cell line designated P1798.S6M has been characterized with respect to glucocorticoid responsiveness in culture. Cells ceased to proliferate in the presence of 10(-7) M dexamethasone. Cell viability remained high and glucocorticoid-sensitive cells could be rescued from cultures treated with dexamethasone for 24 or 48 h. These data indicate that P1798.S6M undergoes reversible arrest in the presence of dexamethasone. The system was used to study the effects of mitotic arrest upon transcription of rDNA. Incorporation of [methyl-3H]methionine into rRNA was rapidly inhibited and pulse-chase experiments indicated that 28 S RNA was not synthesized after 24 h of exposure to dexamethasone. Hybridization studies indicated that the amount of pre-rRNA was reduced by 90 to 95% in cells treated for 24 h. Transcription studies were carried out in isolated nuclei. Twenty-four hours after addition of dexamethasone, template-bound RNA polymerase I activity decreased by 89 to 96%. Total RNA polymerase I activity did not decrease, whereas disengaged nuclear polymerase I activity increased dramatically. Filter hybridization studies indicated that labeling of nascent pre-rRNA chains in vitro was inhibited 93%. These data are interpreted as follows: Dexamethasone reversibly inhibits proliferation of P1798.S6M cells and transcription of rDNA. Total RNA polymerase I activity does not decrease, but the amount of template-bound enzyme is reduced with a concomitant increase in the amount of disengaged polymerase I. This indicates that initiation of transcription is inhibited in cells undergoing mitotic arrest in the presence of dexamethasone. PMID- 6688420 TI - Reassembly of lipid-protein complexes of pulmonary surfactant. Proposed mechanism of interaction. AB - We studied the interaction at 37 degrees C between a major apolipoprotein of pulmonary surfactant and 11 mixtures of lipids. The experiments were carried out in the presence of either 3 mM Ca2+ or 10 mM EDTA. The amount of apolipoprotein associated with lipid was independent of Ca2+. However the binding was sensitive to the percentage of gel-state lipid in the vesicles, and the amount of apolipoprotein in the recombinant lipoprotein complex decreased as the percentage of fully saturated phospholipid was reduced. Maximum association of the apolipoprotein occurred with lipid vesicles containing 85% 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine and 15% 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1-glycerol or 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol. Fluorescence measurements on the apolipoprotein indicated that the tryptophan side chains were in a relatively hydrophobic environment, and that the wavelength of maximum fluorescence emission was not changed upon the binding of lipid. The results suggest that the principal mode of interaction between the apolipoprotein and lipids of surfactant is hydrophobic bonding. The most extensive binding occurs with lamellar lipids in a gel that would be expected to have inhomogeneities in packing density due to the presence of acidic phospholipids or other glycerolipids. The role of Ca2+ in this interaction has not been fully determined. Although it is not needed to effect the binding of the lipids and the apolipoprotein, it does influence the physical state of the complex, and possibly the stoichiometry of lipid to protein. Some of the processes mediated by Ca2+ in this interaction may be analogous to those observed in membrane fusion. Thus, Ca2+ probably causes segregation of the lamellar phospholipids into domains, inducing vesicular disruption and fusion. This lipid aggregates about hydrophobic sites on the protein, thereby forming high molecular weight reassembly complexes. PMID- 6688419 TI - The interaction of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and AMP with rat hepatic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. AB - The binding of the inhibitory ligands fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and AMP to rat liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase has been investigated. 4 mol of fructose-2,6-P2 and 4 mol of AMP bind per mol of tetrameric enzyme at pH 7.4. Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate exhibits negative cooperatively as indicated by K'1 greater than K'2 greater than K'3 greater than or equal to K'4 and a Hill plot, the curvature of which indicates K'2/K'1 less than 1, K'3/K'2 less than 1, and K'4/K'3 = 1. AMP binding, on the other hand, exhibits positive cooperativity as indicated by K'1 less than K'2 less than K'3 less than K'4 and an nH of 2.05. Fructose 2,6- and fructose 1,6-bisphosphates enhance the binding of AMP as indicated by an increase in the intrinsic association constants. At pH 9.2, where fructose 2,6 bisphosphate and AMP inhibition of the enzyme are diminished, fructose 2,6 bisphosphate binds with a lower affinity but in a positively cooperative manner, whereas AMP exhibits half-sites reactivity with only 2 mol of AMP bound per mol of tetramer. Ultraviolet difference spectroscopy confirmed the results of these binding studies. The site at which fructose 2,6-bisphosphate binds to fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase has been identified as the catalytic site on the basis of the following. 1) Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate binds with a stoichiometry of 1 mol/mol of monomer; 2) covalent modification of the active site with acetylimidazole inhibits fructose 2,6-bisphosphate binding; and 3) alpha-methyl D fructofuranoside-1,6-P2 and beta-methyl D-fructofuranoside-1,6-P2, substrate analogs, block fructose 2,6-bisphosphate binding. We propose that fructose 2,6 bisphosphate enhances AMP affinity by binding to the active site of the enzyme and bringing about a conformational change which may be similar to that induced by AMP interaction at the allosteric site. PMID- 6688418 TI - Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone coding for the cell attachment domain in human fibronectin. AB - A cDNA clone coding for the cell attachment domain in human fibronectin has been isolated using synthetic oligonucleotides. Three sets of mixed tetradecamer oligonucleotides were synthesized based on amino acid sequences in the 108-amino acid cell attachment domain (Pierschbacher, M. D., Ruoslahti, E., Sundelin, J., Lind, P., and Peterson, P. A. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 9593-9597). One of these sets was made complementary to amino acids located near the COOH terminus of the cell attachment domain and synthesized as a mixture of 24 sequences. This oligonucleotide mixture was used to prime cDNA synthesis with mRNA prepared from a human fibrosarcoma as a template. A cDNA library was constructed with the oligonucleotide-primed sequences in the vector pBR322. Colonies that hybridized with the primer were isolated from the library and further identified by hybridization with oligonucleotides deduced from an amino acid sequence located 45 amino acid residues NH2-terminal of the primer sequence. One clone which hybridized to both probes was characterized in detail. The insert was 380 base pairs long and its nucleotide sequence agreed completely with the corresponding amino acid sequence of human plasma fibronectin, showing that the sequences for this region are identical in plasma fibronectin and fibronectin from a cell line. This clone should be useful for studies on the expression of fibronectins and may also allow for the production of the biologically active cell attachment domain of fibronectin in bacteria. PMID- 6688422 TI - Second malignancy complicating Hodgkin's disease. AB - We have reviewed the records of 227 patients with Hodgkin's disease diagnosed between 1969 and 1977 inclusively. The incidence of a second malignancy has been assessed. Fourteen patients developed second malignancies, 10 of which were solid tumors and four acute leukemias. The ratios of observed to expected malignancies were assessed for three subgroups: it was 1.58 for patients who received radiotherapy alone, 5.17 for patients who received combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and 14.73 for a third subgroup of patients who also received maintenance chemotherapy. A detailed analysis of the 14 patients with a second malignancy has been done. Only one occurred in a patient who had had a splenectomy. Patients who had a relapse of Hodgkin's disease did not have an increased incidence of second malignancy. Treatment-induced malignancies appear to be rather aggressive. Of the 14 patients, 12 died within one year and two are alive with disease, one year after diagnosis. PMID- 6688423 TI - Expression of Semliki Forest virus proteins from cloned complementary DNA. I. The fusion activity of the spike glycoprotein. AB - A complementary (cDNA) molecule encoding the structural proteins of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) has been inserted into a Simian virus 40-derived eucaryotic expression vector lacking introns. Introduction of the recombinant DNA into nuclei of baby hamster kidney cells results in the synthesis of authentic SFV membrane glycoproteins E1 and E2. The glycoproteins are both transported to the cell surface and induce cell-cell fusion after a brief treatment of the cells with low pH medium. The pH dependence of the fusion reaction was the same as that induced by virus particles (White, J., J. Kartenbeck, and A. Helenius, 1980, J. Cell Biol., 89:674-679). Transfection of cells with another recombinant DNA molecule in which the SFV cDNA is engineered into the same expression vector including an intron has been shown before to result in the expression of only the E2 protein on the cell surface, whereas the E1 protein is trapped in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (Kondor-Koch, C., H. Riedel, K. Soderberg, and H. Garoff, 1982, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 79:4525-4529). Such cells do not exhibit pH dependent polykaryon formation, suggesting that the E1 protein is necessary for fusion activity. Immunoblotting experiments show that the RER-trapped E1 protein expressed from the DNA construction with an intron has a smaller apparent molecular weight than authentic E1, and that is has lost its amphipathic characteristics. PMID- 6688421 TI - Cloned cytochrome P-450 cDNA. Nucleotide sequence and homology to multiple phenobarbital-induced mRNA species. AB - Phenobarbital (PB) treatment of rats of various strains leads to the accumulation of liver mRNAs which encode two or three immunochemically related but electrophoretically separable cytochrome P-450 polypeptides. These mRNAs hybridize efficiently to a single cloned cDNA derived from mRNA of PB-treated rats and, therefore, must have extensive sequence homology. The nucleotide sequence of this cloned cDNA was determined and shown to encode the COOH-terminal 211 amino acids of one of the major cytochrome P-450 isozymes induced in rat liver by PB. Together with the recently reported sequence data of Fujii-Kuriyama et al. (Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., Mizukami, Y., Kawajiri, K., Sagawa, K., and Muramatsu, M. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 79, 2793-2797) for cloned rat cytochrome P-450 cDNA, our data suggest that differences between two closely related P-450 isozymes are restricted to the COOH-terminal half of the polypeptides, with highly divergent regions flanking a tridecapeptide which has been previously shown to be highly conserved in two dissimilar forms of rabbit liver cytochrome P-450. The significance of other interesting features of the cDNA sequence such as a second long (409 residues) open frame, an unusual poly(A) addition signal, and the absence of long hydrophobic stretches in the encoded polypeptide is discussed. PMID- 6688425 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors and cortico-sensitivity in a human clonal monocytic cell line, CM-SM. AB - CM-SM is a clonal line of human precursor mononuclear phagocytes inducible to macrophage differentiation in response to the tumor promoter phorbol ester 12-O tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Untreated CM-SM cells contain single class, high-affinity (KD = 4.0 X 10(-9) M) glucocorticoid-specific receptor sites (approximately 60,000 per cell), as measured by a whole cell assay, at 37 degrees C, using [3H]triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Exposure of CM-SM to dexamethasone (DEX) produced a progressive, dose- and time-related series of changes in CM-SM cell growth, saturation density, morphology, and functional properties, with half maximal effects at about 10(-9) M for DEX. TA-receptor sites rapidly decreased (about 70%) after DEX treatment, without any apparent change in steroid specificity and affinity. After 5 days in culture with a saturating concentration (3.6 X 10(-8) M) of hormone, the cells reached a saturation density of about 9.0 X 10(6) viable cells/ml (about 4.0 X 10(6) viable cells/ml in the controls), while the modal volume of the resulting cell population was approximately 60%, as compared to the volume of untreated cells. DEX-treated cells appeared less differentiated than controls, as assessed by combined morphologic, antigenic, and cytoenzymatic analyses. DEX almost completely inhibited TPA activation of the following macrophage functions: adherency to the culture plate, expression of lysosomal enzymes, Fc and C3 receptors, and stimulation of phagocytosis. After removal of DEX, the cells, within a few passages, returned to a state apparently identical to the untreated controls and could be induced to macrophage differentiation in response to TPA. PMID- 6688424 TI - Expression of Semliki Forest virus proteins from cloned complementary DNA. II. The membrane-spanning glycoprotein E2 is transported to the cell surface without its normal cytoplasmic domain. AB - The E2 protein (422 amino acid residues long) of Semliki Forest virus is a spanning membrane protein which is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the infected cell and transported to the cell surface. The cytoplasmic domain of this protein comprises 31 amino acid residues. We introduced deletions of various sizes into the gene region encoding this part of the protein molecule and analyzed the transport behavior of the mutant proteins. The deletions were made using exonuclease digestions of cloned cDNA encoding the E2 protein. When the mutated DNA molecules, engineered into an expression vector, were introduced into nuclei of baby hamster kidney 21 cells, membrane proteins with cytoplasmic deletions were expressed and routed to the cell surface in the same way as the wild-type protein. This suggests that the cytoplasmic domain of the E2 protein does not carry information that is needed for its transport from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. PMID- 6688427 TI - Prostaglandin output in relation to parturition by cells dispersed from human intrauterine tissues. AB - Collagenase-dispersed cells from human amnion, chorion, decidua, and placenta have been maintained in short term cultures to study prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis in relation to parturition. Cells retained metabolic function during the 6-h incubation period, as determined by the apparently linear utilization of radioactive glucose and the formation of tritiated water. All cells synthesized PGs (E, F, and 6-keto F1 alpha) from endogenous precursors. The output of all three PGs significantly increased in amnion and chorion, but not in decidua or placenta, obtained from women who had entered labor spontaneously at term and delivered vaginally (SL) when compared to women at term, but not in labor, delivered by elective cesarean section (CS). For example, PGE output (picograms per 10(5) cells/6 h) increased from 207 +/- 77 (n = 5) to 908 +/- 334 with labor (mean +/- SEM). The addition of indomethacin (10(-7)-10(-5) M) to SL amnion cells significantly decreased (P less than 0.001, by analysis of variance) PGE and PGF, but not 6-keto PGF1 alpha output. Comparison of PGF output with its metabolite, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha (PGFM); indicated that PGF values were similar to or higher than PGFM for all tissues other than CS chorion, where PGFM output was significantly greater (142 +/- 63 vs. 486 +/- 95; n = 5; P less than 0.05). PGFM levels in amnion increased with labor [104 +/- 51 (n = 5) to 341 +/- 96 (n = 5); P less than 0.05], suggesting that PG output increased with labor in the fetal membranes as a result of increased synthesis and not decreased metabolism. PMID- 6688426 TI - Determination of dopamine-O-sulfate and norepinephrine-O-sulfate isomers and serotonin-O-sulfate by high-performance liquid chromatography using dual electrode electrochemical detection. AB - This report describes the use of high-performance liquid chromatography with dual series electrode electrochemical detection to quantitate dopamine (DA)-3-O sulfate and DA-4-O-sulfate, as well as norepinephrine (NE)-O-sulfate isomers and serotonin (5-HT)-O-sulfate. An oxidation potential was maintained at the upstream (W1) electrode, and a reduction potential at the downstream (W2) electrode. For DA-and NE-sulfates, the sulfate moiety, hydrogen and electrons are most likely removed at W1 and the corresponding quinones formed. At W2, the electrons are recaptured, creating a reductive current (peak). Results indicate that this is a sensitive procedure for the determination of DA- and NE-sulfate isomers. It is less complex than a recently developed post-column hydrolysis procedure, and is at least equivalent to that procedure in terms of specificity and lower limits of detection (less than 1 picomole) for the DA- and NE-sulfate isomers. The procedure is relatively insensitive for 5-HT-O-sulfate, as well as for tyramine-O sulfate, homovanillic acid-sulfate and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl glycol sulfate. It should prove useful for investigations concerning the specific conjugates of DA or NE in body tissues and fluids. PMID- 6688429 TI - Toxic waste uproar: a community history. PMID- 6688428 TI - A prospective study of the relationship between relapse of hyperthyroid Graves' disease after antithyroid drugs and HLA haplotype. AB - One hundred and eleven unselected patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease received decreasing doses of carbimazole for 18 months. Clinical examination and hormonal assays (serum T3, T4, free T4 index) were done at 4, 9, and 18 months of treatment. Patients were typed for 35 HLA antigens and were followed for 2 yr after withdrawal of treatment; 39 patients were excluded for various reasons and 72 were retained for study. Of the 72 patients, 37 relapsed and 35 remained in remission; 40 patients were DR3+ (20 relapsed) and 32 were DR3 (17 relapsed). HLA frequency was not significantly different in patients who relapsed and those who remained in remission. Thus, under the conditions of this study, HLA frequency could not be used to predict relapse of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease. PMID- 6688430 TI - Structure-activity relationships of heparin. Independence of heparin charge density and antithrombin-binding domains in thrombin inhibition by antithrombin and heparin cofactor II. AB - To better understand how heparin structure affects its activity the relationships between the functional domains for inhibitor binding and charge density were investigated to determine how these domains affect heparin-mediated thrombin inhibition by two different heparin-dependent protease inhibitors, antithrombin (AT) and heparin cofactor II (HC II). A series of heparins, fractionated systematically by charge density, was further fractionated on antithrombin agarose to isolate more homogeneous subfractions that were either inactive or highly active with respect to thrombin inhibition by AT. With AT, the activities of the AT-active subfractions increased sharply with heparin charge density, while those with little or no affinity for AT were virtually inactive. In contrast, with HC II inhibitor, the activities of the heparins depended only upon their charge densities and were independent of AT affinity. At any given charge density, the heparin before fractionation by AT affinity and the fractions that were highly active and inactive with AT were all equally active with HC II. The two inhibitors also differed in their reactivity with heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. A charge-density effect with the subfractions having similar high affinity for AT demonstrates that charge density represents a heparin functional domain that is independent of the AT-binding domain. The behavior of the AT-inactive heparins, being fully active with HC II, demonstrates the functional domain necessary for AT binding is not needed to produce HC II activity. PMID- 6688431 TI - Thyroid pathology in canine hypothyroidism. AB - Biopsy or post mortem specimens from the thyroid glands of 7 dogs with clinical hypothyroidism were examined histologically. Six of the 7 cases were diagnosed histologically as lymphocytic thyroiditis which is characterized by widespread destruction and replacement of the gland by an infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. The 7th case was characterized by fibrosis, with minimal inflammatory cell infiltration and might represent an end stage of lymphocytic thyroiditis. Five of the 7 dogs were female and 4 of these animals had shown clinical signs since 2 years of age. Comparisons are made with a previous report of functional lymphocytic thyroiditis in the pet dog and with similar conditions in man and an obese strain of White Leghorn poultry. PMID- 6688432 TI - Dermatologic manpower and patient availability. PMID- 6688433 TI - Plasma concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,24R,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3, and 2,25,26-trihydroxyvitamin D3 after their administration to dairy cows. AB - Intramuscular administration of 1,25 (R or S),26-trihydroxyvitamin D3 to dairy cows resulted in significant elevation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration in blood plasma. The increase of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in plasma paralleled the increase of 1,25,26-trihydroxyvitamin D3. We also found that intramuscular 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration to dairy cows significantly elevated plasma 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3. These data suggest possible impairment of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism during the presence of pharmacologic concentrations of 1,25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in plasma. In addition, the 24 hydroxylation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 appears to be an important route for further metabolism of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in dairy cows. PMID- 6688434 TI - Psychophysical studies evaluating the feasibility of a speech processing strategy for a multiple-channel cochlear implant. AB - This paper reports further psychophysical studies on a multiple-channel cochlear implant patient evaluating the feasibility of a speech processing strategy which converts the acoustic fundamental frequency to electric repetition rate, the second-formant frequency to electrode position, and the acoustic amplitude to current level. The first four studies evaluated the use of a special pulse pattern to minimize the loudness variation with electric repetition rate. The chosen pulse pattern consisted of multiple pulses occurring in the first half of each repetitive period (MPP) in contrast to the more conventional pattern with a single pulse per period (SPP). The results showed that MPP approximately equalized the loudness variation with repetition rate. The dynamic range of current, the pitch variation with repetition rate, and the difference limens for repetition rate were found to be similar to MPP and SPP. Two other studies investigated interaction between electrode position and repetition rate (RR). The first of these showed that the patient could make use of information provided by rising or falling RR trajectories superimposed on individual electrodes or electrode trajectories as an indicator of the direction of intonation variation. The second of these studies showed that the dissimilarities amongst the hearing sensations produced by steady-state stimuli differing in electrode position and repetition rate were characterized by two perceptual components, relating to the two electric parameters, respectively. PMID- 6688436 TI - The mouse linkage map. A computer program. AB - Computer programs have been developed to serve as a method for storing, retrieving, and sorting mouse linkage data. The programs accept and store raw data and reference information for gene linkage; calculate recombination values for each data set and for combined data sets; retrieve, sort, and print-out raw data, references, and recombination values; and generate linkage maps. PMID- 6688435 TI - Immunochemical localization of proteins in the intestinal mucosa of children with diarrhea. AB - Chronic diarrhea in children is a common and often frustrating problem confronting allergists, pediatricians, and gastroenterologists. We know very little about the mechanism and immunology of this problem. This study used an immunoperoxidase staining technique to evaluate the small bowel biopsy specimens of 15 children with chronic diarrhea. Ten children had diarrhea related to a specific food ingestion, and five had prolonged diarrhea without identification of an offending food. The new finding was the deposition of stain beneath the mucosal cells in the area of the basement membrane of the small bowel mucosa. Anti-IgG and anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) were the antibody reagents most often associated with the detection of tissue deposits. Deposits of stain were found when the inflammatory system was active as determined by the presence of increased numbers of inflammatory walls in the mucosa. PMID- 6688437 TI - Lectin histochemistry of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon neoplasia. AB - Lectins linked to fluorescein were used as carbohydrate probes to examine the goblet cell mucin and epithelial cell surface glycoconjugate alterations in an experimental rodent model of colonic neoplasia induced with parenteral 1,2 dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride. Lectins derived from Triticum vulgare (WGA), Ricinus communis (RCA1), and Limulus polyphemus (LPA) showed reduced labeling of goblet cell mucin in these tumors, while binding with peanut lectin from Arachis hypogaea (PNA), a lectin ordinarily failing to bind to mucin in normal colon, was positive. In addition, RCA1 and LPA showed increased cell surface labeling of neoplastic epithelial cells. Finally, alterations were observed in lectin binding to "transitional" colonic mucosa adjacent to colonic tumors from carcinogen treated rats. These findings indicate that significant alterations in both membrane and mucin glycoconjugates occur in colonic tumors and mucosa adjacent to tumors in a chemically induced experimental animal model of human colon cancer. PMID- 6688438 TI - Identification of macrophages in sections of rabbit lung using acetoacetylated lipoproteins. AB - Macrophages were labeled in sections of rabbit lung with acetoacetylated low density lipoprotein (LDL), a marker internalized by cultured macrophages but not by other connective tissue cells. Using a modified technique, thin slices of fresh rabbit lung were incubated in 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine (DiI) labeled, acetoacetylated LDL, fixed in paraformaldehyde, and sectioned. Alveolar macrophages incorporated the fluorescently labeled, modified LDL, but surrounding stroma and parenchyma did not stain. Our results indicate that DiI-labeled, acetoacetylated LDL may be used to identify mononuclear phagocytes in tissue sections. PMID- 6688439 TI - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans endocarditis in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - We report a case of bacterial endocarditis due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in a man with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy complicated by a mycotic aneurysm and thrombosis of the right common iliac artery. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin, but was left with residual mitral incompetence. PMID- 6688440 TI - Regional variation in human extracellular purine levels. AB - The selective toxicity of purine deoxynucleoside to specific lymphocyte cell populations and recent evidence that purine nucleosides are important extracellular modulators of neurotransmission and coronary blood flow have prompted measurement of extracellular purines in man. By using a highly sensitive fluorimetric assay and collecting specimens into an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, we have accurately measured purine nucleoside and hypoxanthine xanthine levels in arterial and venous blood, in cerebrospinal fluid and in bone marrow aspirates. In peripheral venous plasma from normal volunteers, purine levels average 2.7 +/- 1.2 microM (mean +/- S.D.) with 38% in the form of adenosine and 47% as hypoxanthine and xanthine. Arterial purine levels are similar to those in mixed venous plasma; however, the hypoxanthine-xanthine component is reduced compared to simultaneously drawn mixed venous specimens (p less than 0.005). Hepatic venous plasma tends to have higher purine levels than does peripheral venous plasma (not significant), whereas bone marrow aspirates have 10-fold higher hypoxanthine-xanthine levels, suggesting that bone marrow may be a major source of plasma purines. Cerebrospinal fluid hypoxanthine-xanthine is twofold to eightfold higher than mixed venous levels, whereas adenosine levels are lower (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.025, respectively). PMID- 6688441 TI - The effect of type 2 cell mitosis on the surfactant system of injured mouse lungs. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the effect of type 2 cell proliferation, and specifically mitosis, on the surfactant system after lung injury. Lung injury was produced in mice with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The LB volume density and the LB area of tritiated thymidine (3H-T) labeled and mitotic type 2 cells were determined by combining light microscopic autoradiography with electron microscopic morphometry. Over a 48-hr period, the LB volume density of proliferating (3H-T-labeled) type 2 cells decreased from 20.7% to 7.6% (p less than 0.001) and the LB area per cell decreased from 9.1 to 2.4 mumol2 (p less than 0.001). These changes were closely related to type 2 cell mitosis, since the LB volume density decreased from 19.2% to 2.9% (p less than 0.001) and the LB area per cell decreased from 9.1 to 1.7 mumol2 (p less than 0.01) between prophase and telophase, but they were independent of the time elapsed since injury. These results indicate that mitosis influenced the LB content of type 2 cells after lung injury and suggest a previously unrecognized link between cell division and the surfactant system of the lung. PMID- 6688442 TI - Lipoprotein lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine of guinea pig very low density lipoproteins and discoidal complexes of phospholipid and apolipoprotein: effect of apolipoprotein C-II on the catalytic mechanism. AB - To elucidate the mechanism by which apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II) enhances the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LpL), discoidal phospholipid complexes were prepared with apoC-III and di[(14)C]palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and containing various amounts of apoC-II. The rate of DPPC hydrolysis catalyzed by purified bovine milk LpL was determined on the isolated complexes. The rate of hydrolysis was optimal at pH 8.0. Analysis of enzyme kinetic data over a range of phospholipid concentrations revealed that the major effect of apoC-II was to increase the maximal velocity (V(max)) some 50-fold with a limited effect on the Michaelis constant (K(m)). V(max) of the apoC-III complex containing no apoC-II was 9.2 nmol/min per mg LpL vs. 482 nmol/min per mg LpL for the complex containing only apoC-II. The effect of apoC-II on enzyme kinetic parameters for LpL-catalyzed hydrolysis of DPPC complexes was compared to that on the parameters for hydrolysis of DPPC and trioleoylglycerol incorporated into guinea pig very low density lipoproteins (VLDL(p)) which lack the equivalent of human apoC-II. Tri[(3)H]oleoylglycerol-labeled VLDL(p) were obtained by perfusion of guinea pig liver with [(3)H]oleic acid. Di[(14)C]palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine was incorporated into the VLDL(p) by incubation of VLDL(p) with sonicated vesicles of di[(14)C]palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and purified bovine liver phosphatidylcholine exchange protein. The rates of LpL-catalyzed hydrolysis of trioleoylglycerol and DPPC were determined at pH 7.4 and 8.5 in the presence and absence of apoC-II. In the presence of apoC-II, the V(max) for DPPC hydrolysis in guinea pig VLDL(p) increased at both pH 7.4 and pH 8.5 (2.4- and 3.2-fold, respectively); the value of K(m) did not change at either pH (0.23 mm). On the other hand, the kinetic value of K(m) for triacylglycerol hydrolysis in the presence of apoC-II decreased at both pH 7.4 (3.05 vs. 0.54 mm) and pH 8.5 (2.73 vs. 0.62 mm). These kinetic studies suggest that apoC-II enhances phospholipid hydrolysis by LpL in apoC-III-DPPC discoidal complexes and VLDL(p) mainly by increasing the V(max) of the enzyme for the substrates, whereas the activator protein primarily causes a decrease in the apparent K(m) for triacylglycerol hydrolysis.-Shirai, K., T. J. Fitzharris, M. Shinomiya, H. G. Muntz, J. A. K. Harmony, R. L. Jackson and D. M. Quinn. Lipoprotein lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine of guinea pig very low density lipoproteins and discoidal complexes of phospholipid and apolipoprotein: effect of apolipoprotein C-II on the catalytic mechanism. PMID- 6688443 TI - Immunochemical identification of the major cell surface agglutinogen of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-92. AB - The immunochemical and immunocytochemical characteristics of three Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG strains were compared in order to clarify the relationship between antibody-induced agglutination and the production of polyanionic extracellular emulsifier (termed emulsan). In addition to the parent, RAG-92, two mutant strains were examined: (1) a non-agglutinating emulsan-producer (AB15), and (2) an agglutinating mutant (16TLU) defective in the production of emulsan. A combined genetic-immunochemical approach was employed. This included the comparison of crossed immunoelectrophoresis patterns of parent and mutant supernates and the effect of absorption of anti-whole cell antiserum with mutant cells. In addition, agglutinability and competition studies were performed as well as electron microscopic cytochemistry. The results demonstrated that three major antigenic components were associated with the cell surface and the supernate. Mutant cells were altered both in their cell surface properties and in their extracellular products. One antigenic component, termed component C3, was the major cell surface agglutinogen; this component was absent in non agglutinating mutants. Component C3 may be identical with or attached to the 300 nm projections on the parent cell surface, but it is not directly related to the presence of emulsan. It appears that emulsan plays little or no role in the phenomenon of antibody-induced agglutination of this organism. PMID- 6688444 TI - A critical method of evaluating tests for male infertility. AB - Considerable uncertainty surrounds the selection of test values that separate infertile from fertile men in the evaluation of male infertility. We herein describe an objective method of determining these values, referred to as threshold values, for different infertility tests. Using test results from fertile men threshold values were chosen such that 96 per cent of the semen samples from the fertile men were scored as fertile. These threshold values then were used to evaluate 100 semen samples from 74 men presenting for evaluation of infertility. Using this method we constructed infertility profiles on each of the 100 semen samples presented for infertility evaluation and found that the zona pellucida-free hamster egg penetration test (a measure of a spermatozoon's ability to undergo capacitation and penetrate an egg) identified 66 per cent of these samples as infertile, while multiple exposure photomicrography (a quantitative measure of sperm motility) identified 54 per cent of these samples as infertile. This compares with results from routine semen analyses using the same method, which identified none of the samples as infertile by sperm motility grade, 1 per cent by semen pH, 4 per cent by the percentage of motile sperm, 7 per cent by the total count of motile sperm, 10 per cent by the total sperm count, 11 per cent by the semen leukocyte concentration, 12 per cent by the concentration of motile sperm, 13 per cent by ejaculate volume, 16 per cent by sperm concentration and 27 per cent by sperm morphology. This method of analyzing infertility test results provides insight into the potential causes of male infertility and offers a critical approach towards understanding the complex problem of male fertility dysfunction. PMID- 6688445 TI - Graduate medical education in the United States. PMID- 6688446 TI - [Treatment of Basedow's disease with 131-I combined with lithium]. PMID- 6688448 TI - The coming revolution in medicine. PMID- 6688449 TI - Circulating levels and function of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in lactation. AB - During lactation in the rat, vitamin D is required for maintenance of a normal serum calcium level and maximal enhancement of active calcium transport in the duodenum. Vitamin D does not appear to be required for part of the adaptive increase in intestinal calcium transport or for calcium transport into the milk. The functions of vitamin D appear to be mediated by 1,25-(OH)2D3, the circulating level of which increases during lactation. Two days after sudden weaning, the serum level of 1,25-(OH)2D3 falls to levels below the pre-pregnant control level in parallel with a sharp increase in serum calcium; normal levels of calcium and 1,25-(OH)2D3 are observed one week after weaning. The initial stimulus for the increase in circulating 1,25-(OH)2D3 during lactation appears to be a small decrease in serum calcium which stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion, which in turn enhances synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2D3. Vitamin D is also required by the lactating rat to insure normal development of the suckling pup, since vitamin D deprivation during pregnancy and lactation causes significant decreases in body weight gain, in serum levels of 25-OHD3, calcium and phosphorus, in bone ash content and clear evidence of histological rickets by 20 days of age. PMID- 6688450 TI - Follow-up of long-term treatment of predialysis renal bone disease with 1-alpha hydroxy-derivatives of vitamin D. AB - Patients with predialysis chronic renal failure and bone disease were treated with 1 alpha-hydroxy-derivatives of vitamin D. The observation period consisted of 22 patient years. All patients showed histological improvement of renal osteodystrophy after the initial 6 months of treatment. Bone resorption indices improved most strongly. There was also a considerable decrease of non-mineralized osteoid and no change in the total trabecular bone volume. Hypercalcemia occurred 24 times in 9 patients. Although in general the 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D serum levels were increased at the time of hypercalcemia, as compared to the preceding non hypercalcemic period, no elevation above the normal range occurred. In cases of hypercalcemia two different groups of patients, with suppressed and non suppressed levels of iPTH respectively, could be distinguished. In both groups different significant correlations between serum 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D and serum calcium levels were found. If serum iPTH was not suppressed hypercalcemia was more severe. It is concluded that the occurrence and severity of hypercalcemia in patients with chronic renal failure during treatment with 1 alpha-hydroxy derivatives of vitamin D is related to the presence of parathyroid hormone. PMID- 6688447 TI - Endogenous ligand(s) decrease drug--protein binding in uremic sera: a fluorescence probe study. AB - Human serum albumin (HSA) was isolated and purified (greater than 97% purity) from normal sera, from sera of patients with severe chronic renal insufficiency and from sera to which a strongly protein bound acidic drug--clofibrinic acid- was added as a model ligand. The binding properties were evaluated using dansylglycine as a fluorescent probe. Data were analyzed according to Scatchard, the binding constants were calculated by least square approximation. The binding of dansylglycine to HSA from uremic sera was substantially decreased, reflected mainly by a lower product n1 . K1, as was the binding of dansylglycine to HSA from model sera containing clofibrinic acid. The binding was restored to almost normal when HSA was treated with charcoal. It is concluded that the impaired binding of many mostly acidic drugs to HSA in uremia is due to the presence of endogenous ligands. In addition a minor contribution by changes in HSA structure cannot be excluded. PMID- 6688451 TI - The role of alveolar macrophages in surfactant turnover. An experimental study with metabolite VIII of bromhexine (Ambroxol). PMID- 6688453 TI - [Primary lymphoma of the cerebellum]. PMID- 6688454 TI - [Involvement of the 8th cranial nerve and Mediterranean rickettsial fever]. PMID- 6688452 TI - Age-related changes induced by tunicamycin in wheat germ agglutinin binding to chick embryo fibroblasts. AB - The specific roles of N-acetylglucosaminyl and sialyl residues were investigated in the binding of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to fibroblasts from 8- and 16-day chick embryos. Cells from the 8-day embryos exhibited two classes of WGA binding site, whereas fibroblasts from 16-day embryos only displayed one. Neuraminidase treatment of fibroblasts from 8-day embryos raised the number of WGA binding sites with a high affinity constant and reduced the number of sites with a low affinity constant. In 16-day cells, neuraminidase treatment reduced the number of WGA binding sites. The data presented here suggest that WGA binds to cell-surface glycoproteins containing sialic acid residues. This tendency was more marked in 16-day than in 8-day cells and corresponded to the finding that neuraminidase released more sialic acid from the surface of 16-day cells than of 8-day cells. Glycosylation of cell-surface N-linked glycoproteins did not seem essential in determining the WGA binding capacity, as shown by the effect of tunicamycin on fibroblasts from both 8- and 16-day embryos. In the absence of N-glycosylated binding sites, WGA bound to O-glycosylated structures and the older tunicamycin treated embryo cells exhibited a larger number of WGA binding sites than the younger tunicamycin-treated cells, in relation to the increase of the amount of O glycosylated structures during embryo development. PMID- 6688455 TI - Anticholinergic action of pirenzepine (Gastrozepin) on isolated gastrointestinal tract smooth muscles. AB - The effects of pirenzepine, a new anti-ulcer drug, have been examined on acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contractions of the guinea-pig isolated ileum, rat colon, rainbow lizard rectum, and chick isolated oesophagus. Pirenzepine (10(-9) 10(-6) M), like atropine (2.5 x 10(-10)-10(-6) M) competitively blocked the contractile effects of acetylcholine on all the isolated gastrointestinal tract smooth muscles examined. The pA2 values for pirenzepine and atropine against acetylcholine on all the muscle preparations were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05). It is concluded that the anti-ulcer action of pirenzepine might be due, at least in part, to its (anticholinergic) muscarinic cholinoceptor blocking activity. PMID- 6688456 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the larynx treated by laser surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. AB - The case of a 6-year-old boy with rhabdomyosarcoma of the larynx, treated by laser surgery combined with external radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is presented. Using this treatment modality, cure was affected without comprising laryngeal function. PMID- 6688457 TI - [Data on the epizootiological characteristics of different territories of the Buryat ASSR in Asian tick-borne rickettsiosis]. PMID- 6688458 TI - Organization and expression of the vimentin gene. AB - The primary structure of hamster vimentin has been derived from the nucleotide sequence of the corresponding cDNA. The elucidation of the amino acid sequence allowed the prediction of a model in which two helix domains occur. The N terminal and C-terminal part have been characterized as nonhelical domains. Moreover the two helices are separated by a third nonhelical region. PMID- 6688460 TI - Vitamin E in retrolental fibroplasia. PMID- 6688461 TI - Factors associated with prognosis in human breast cancer. II. Multivariate stratification analysis. AB - Prediction of the individual fate of breast cancer patient is one of the most important problems for establishment of therapeutic plans. We have analyzed the relationships of clinical factors to 3-year and 8-year survivals in a series of 400 patients treated for breast carcinoma. Multivariate stratification analysis for obtaining subgroups with different survivals was performed with the aid of Bintree, a computer program which produces binary splits of a population according to the criterion of maximal reduction of variance, and generates a binary stratification tree. Lymph node status was the major predictor for both short and long term prognosis but had no important role in the survival of patients who relapsed. Antecedent abortions were related to less relapses. Age, previous benign breast diseases, nulliparity and lactation conditioned better prognosis without association with relapse probability, indicating an association with the speed of evolution of the disseminated disease. In general clinical data were insufficient for establishment of good and bad prognosis polar groups of patients, especially in patients in which no clinical lymph node involvement was recorded. PMID- 6688462 TI - High dose fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia for intracranial mycotic aneurysm surgery: a clinical report. AB - The resection of a mycotic aneurysm in a patient with concurrent cardiac valvular disease was carried out successfully using high dose fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia followed by immediate postoperative naloxone reversal. The technique and benefits of this type of anesthesia in neurosurgical procedures are discussed. PMID- 6688459 TI - Effect of adenovirus on metabolism of specific host mRNAs: transport control and specific translational discrimination. AB - We have studied the adenovirus-induced inhibition of host cell protein synthesis and the effect of infection on the overall metabolism of host cell mRNA during the late phase of adenovirus infection by following the fate of a number of cellular mRNAs complementary to specific cloned DNA segments. At a time in infection when the rate of total cellular protein synthesis is drastically (greater than 90%) reduced, transcription of specific cellular genes is undiminished. However, the transport of newly synthesized cellular mRNA to the cytoplasm is greatly decreased. This decreased appearance of new mRNA in the cytoplasm cannot account for the observed cessation of cell specific protein synthesis, however, since the concentration of several preexisting cellular mRNAs, including the mRNA for actin, remains unchanged throughout the course of infection. The preexisting mRNA is intact, capped, and functional as judged by its ability to direct protein synthesis in vitro in a cap-dependent fashion. The interruption in host translation appears to operate at the level of initiation directly, since we find that fewer ribosomes are associated with a given cellular mRNA after infection than before infection. Furthermore, the in vivo inhibition of cellular protein synthesis does not appear to be the result of competition with viral mRNA, since conditions which prevent the efficient initiation of translation of viral mRNA (infection with a viral mutant) do not result in the recovery of cell translation. Thus, it appears that a late adenovirus gene product directly mediates a shutoff of host protein synthesis. PMID- 6688463 TI - Soy-protein formulas: recommendations for use in infant feeding. PMID- 6688465 TI - Software: what lies beneath the surface. PMID- 6688466 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases among women. PMID- 6688464 TI - Systemic blastomycosis in children. AB - Ten pediatric patients with systemic blastomycosis in Arkansas are reviewed. No particular age predisposition in childhood is apparent and there has been no change in incidence over the previous 40 years. Six of the 10 cases were male and 8 were black. Organ systems most commonly involved were pulmonary, skeletal and skin. With current therapy, usually amphotericin B as a single agent, the case fatality rate is less than 10%. Early recognition and institution of appropriate antifungal treatment remain the most important factors for survival and prevention of chronic pulmonary disease. PMID- 6688467 TI - [Sexually transmissible diseases in proctology]. PMID- 6688468 TI - Food allergy--fact or fiction? PMID- 6688469 TI - Tumorigenic effect of sodium arsenite in rat kidney. PMID- 6688470 TI - Opioid peptides derived from pre-proenkephalin B sequence: biological evaluation in guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens. PMID- 6688471 TI - Health status of disadvantaged adolescents entering the Job Corps program. AB - The health status of 2,203 disadvantaged young people entering the Job Corps was studied by reviewing the medical information collected during examinations performed upon entering the Job Corps. The study was conducted from February 1980 through January 1981. The sample records were obtained from eight representative Job Corps centers. The Job Corps is a federally funded residential vocational training program for youths between 16 and 22 years of age. During the study period, 100 Job Corps centers were in operation, serving a population of 38,000 corpsmembers. Long-term, chronic physical disease or disability was not prevalent among the applicants. The most common physical defect, affecting 10 percent of the youths examined, was uncorrected defective visual acuity. Obesity, defined as weight for height 20 percent or more over nationally calculated "desirable" weights, was present in 16.6 percent of the female trainees. In contrast, only 9.6 percent of a national sample of females have weights this high. Anemia, probably caused by iron deficiency, was prevalent among both sexes; sexually transmitted diseases were found to be common, especially among the females entering the Job Corps. Findings from this study were used by Job Corps staff to make changes in the health program as well as to provide instruction to its health personnel. PMID- 6688472 TI - Tracheal cross-sectional area in children: CT determination. AB - A computer method that calculates tracheal cross-sectional area by compensating for partial volume averaging was developed and validated in a study with phantoms. The program was then used to determine the tracheal cross-sectional area of 30 normal children who ranged in age from four months to 18 years. CT derived cross sections were correlated with age, height, weight, and body-surface area, and they were compared with findings of published clinical and post-mortem studies. CT cross-sectional areas ranged from 20-275 mm2, varied by as much as 22% at the three different tracheal levels studied, and appeared to correlate most closely with body height. CT-derived tracheal cross-sectional areas are quite similar to those in published reports of postmortem and clinical studies. Measurement of tracheal cross section by CT may prove useful in quantitating tracheal compromise by intrinsic or extrinsic causes. PMID- 6688475 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 injections into rat fetuses : effects on fetal plasma calcium, plasma phosphate and mineral content. AB - The in vivo effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 were assessed using fetuses from normal and thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) pregnant rats. 21.5-day old decapitated fetuses from TPTX mothers exhibited lowered basal plasma calcium, elevated basal plasma phosphate and an increased percentage of total ash compared to intact littermates. In decapitated fetuses from normal mothers, neither plasma calcium nor plasma phosphate was changed. Subcutaneous injection of 1 micrograms of 1,25 (OH)2D3/kg of body weight to 19.5-day old fetuses (intact or deprived of their parathyroid glands by decapitation) from TPTX mothers induced a marked rise in plasma calcium levels (2.01 and 3.66 mg/dl, respectively) 48 h later. Little change occurred in fetuses from normal mothers (1.06 mg/dl in decapitated and no change in intacts). A decrease in plasma phosphate levels was observed with the same dose in both decapitated and intact fetuses from TPTX mothers (- 1.39 and - 0.65 mg/dl, respectively), while no modification was found in fetuses from normal females. Therefore, the hypersensitivity of fetuses from TPTX mothers to 1,25 (OH)2D3 was unrelated to the development of the fetal hyperparathyroidism secondary to maternal TPTX. The percentage of ash was unchanged in decapitated fetuses from TPTX mothers and was increased in intact littermates after 1,25 (OH)2D3 treatment. However, these values for total ash may represent alterations in bones and/or soft tissues. PMID- 6688474 TI - Effects of the fetal-placental unit on uterine prostaglandin levels at term in the pregnant rat. AB - Uterine prostaglandins (PGs) increase markedly at term in the pregnant rat. To assess the contribution of the fetal-placental unit (FPU) on uterine tissue and uterine venous blood PG concentrations, each uterine horn of 14 unilaterally pregnant rats at day 21 of pregnancy were compared. In addition, 7 bilaterally pregnant rats were studied. Uterine tissue and uterine venous plasma PGF, PGE, 6 Keto-PGF1 (6KF) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and systemic plasma progesterone, estradiol and estrone were determined by radioimmunoassay. Uterine concentrations of PGs (ng/mg DNA) were always greater on the pregnant side of unilaterally pregnant rats (p less than .05) although the PGF levels were elevated to a lesser extent than were PGE, TxB2 or 6KF. However, no differences were detected between uterine tissue from the pregnant side of unilaterally pregnant compared to bilaterally pregnant rats. In addition, no differences were found in uterine venous plasma PGs adjacent or opposite the pregnant uterine horn and in systemic plasma progesterone, estradiol and estrone levels in unilaterally vs bilaterally pregnant rats. These data suggest that the presence of the FPU is associated with an increased capacity of uterine tissue to produce PGE, TxB2 and 6KF, and to a lesser degree PGF, and thus may contribute to the increase in uterine PGs periparturition. PMID- 6688473 TI - Estradiol-17 beta and 2-hydroxyestradiol-17 beta-induced differential production of prostaglandins by cells dispersed from human intrauterine tissues at parturition. AB - Prostaglandin (PGE, 6-keto PGF1 alpha) output by cells dispersed from human amnion and decidua in the presence of increasing levels (0-5000 ng/ml) of estradiol-17 beta (E2) or 2-hydroxyestradiol-17 beta (2-OH E2) was studied in relation to parturition. Tissues were obtained from women at term either before (CS) or after (SL) spontaneous labor and vaginal delivery. In the absence of estrogens, the output of both PGs from amnion increased significantly with labor. No significant increase in decidua PG output occurred with labor. Neither estrogen influenced CS amnion PG output. However, both E2 and 2-OH E2 stimulated SL amnion PGE output (2-OH E2 greater than E2) while having no affect on 6-keto PGF1 alpha output. Only the highest dose of 2-OH E2 stimulated PGE output in CS decidua, but both estrogens significantly inhibited 6-keto PGF1 alpha output in this tissue. In SL decidua only 2-OH E2 significantly stimulated PGE, and neither estrogen affected 6-keto PGF1 alpha output. These results might suggest that estrogens modulate PG biosynthesis at the level of endoperoxide to primary PG conversion. PMID- 6688476 TI - [Progressive external ophthalmoplegia and Hashimoto's thyroiditis]. AB - Signs of moderately increased metabolism in a patient with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and mitochondrial anomalies on muscle biopsy revealed the presence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The relations between ophthalmoplegia plus and thyroid dysfunction are discussed. PMID- 6688478 TI - Interaction of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase with lectins. AB - Interaction of acetylcholinesterase (A ChE) of human erythrocyte membranes with wheat germ lectin, Concanavalin A, Lens Culinaris lectin and phytohaemagglutinin is described. In solutions containing Triton X 100, only Wheat Germ lectin showed significant binding with AChE. Sepharose-immobilized Wheat Germ lectin bound AChE significantly more than Concanavalin A. This interaction was used for partial purification of the enzyme. PMID- 6688477 TI - [Damage to skeletal muscles by intramuscular administration of anti-inflammatory agents of the pyrazolidine type]. PMID- 6688479 TI - Conditional probability in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease: a future tool for eliminating unnecessary testing? AB - Approximately 30% of the 300,000 coronary arteriograms done annually in the United States yield normal results. To see if the use of conditional probability in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) could aid in predicting these normal results, we retrospectively assessed 96 patients with chest pain but without prior myocardial infarction. The probability of CAD was calculated by a computer program (CADENZA) using data from the history, exercise electrocardiography, and thallium-201 scintigraphy. All patients had coronary arteriography for definitive diagnosis. Based on preangiogram probabilities, different cutoff points were used to separate patients with angiograms likely to be normal from those likely to be abnormal. A preangiogram probability of 20% appeared to be the best separator. If the computer program, with this cutoff point, had been used to influence the decision to perform angiography, 38 of the 42 patients with negative angiograms would have been advised against it, and only two of the 54 patients who later were found to have CAD would have been missed. In view of the costs and risks of the CAD diagnostic process, the ability to identify the likelihood of positive angiograms could be useful in planning testing strategy, both in terms of avoiding "unnecessary" angiograms and avoiding redundant noninvasive procedures. PMID- 6688481 TI - [Surgery of the thyroid gland in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6688482 TI - Mycotic aneurysms of the petrous portion of the internal carotid artery. A report of 2 cases. PMID- 6688483 TI - Coexistent carcinoma of the thyroid gland and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - Three instances of Hashimoto's thyroiditis occurring in association with carcinoma of the thyroid gland are presented. Diagnosis was made by open surgical biopsy, revealing one papillary, one follicular and one mixed papillary follicular carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy was performed and TSH suppressive therapy was administered postoperatively. All patients are alive with no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastases observed during five to 13 years of follow-up study. In our series, three of 18 patients had coexistent carcinoma of the thyroid gland and Hashimoto's disease. This figure is lower than the 25 per cent incidence of carcinoma of the thyroid gland in noninflammatory goiters observed at the same hospital. Although the number of patients is small, Hashimoto's thyroiditis does not seem to be a premalignant lesion and should not be treated by total thyroidectomy. A review of the literature points out that clinical, biochemical and radioactive scan findings in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis do not aid in differentiating between glands with or without coexistent carcinoma of the thyroid gland unless the goiter is uninodular and cold on the radioiodine scan. The prognosis of patients with carcinoma of the thyroid gland occurring in association with Hashimoto's disease is probably better than that of patients with carcinoma of the thyroid gland alone. It seems that the presence of the chronic inflammatory reaction may suppress growth and metastatic dissemination of the coexistent neoplasm of the thyroid gland. PMID- 6688480 TI - Medial meniscectomy: a prospective clinical study. AB - This is a prospective clinical study of 41 consecutive patients with isolated tears of the medial meniscus who underwent meniscectomy by conventional arthrotomy. The results are presented in terms of length of hospitalization, complications, analgesic requirements during hospitalization, and ability to regain muscle control of the operated extremities. I believe that this study provides a basis for expected results of arthrotomy and meniscectomy. It can also be used for comparison by surgeons who perform arthroscopic meniscectomy as they evaluate their short-term results and complications. PMID- 6688484 TI - 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha/thromboxane B2 ratio in vascular and lung tissue. AB - In vitro production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) was determined by radioimmunoassay. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/TxB2 ratio varied between 5 and 41 in vascular tissue and between 0.5 and 6 in lung tissue from various species. There was a correlation between the production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2; the correlation coefficient being about 0.6. The production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 was stimulated by arachidonic acid and inhibited by indomethacin. The 6-keto PGF1 alpha/TxB2 ratio was increased by a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor and various peptides, e.g. DDAVP and bradykinin, and was decreased by arachidonic acid. It is suggested that the balance between 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 production in the vessel wall could be of importance in certain pathological conditions, e.g. thrombus formation. PMID- 6688485 TI - [Severe respiratory complications in acute voluntary drug poisoning. Apropos of 15 cases in 824 poisoning cases]. AB - Respiratory diseases are the most heavy complications that we can meat in self poisoning persons. Authors report 15 cases of respiratory complications appeared in 824 self-poisoning cases by drugs. Different factors involved in respiratory diseases origin are analysed but only one appears to be significant: the time between poisoning and admission in intensive care unit. The encountered complications are: acute respiratory distress syndrome, Mendelson syndrome, heavy pulmonary infections, pulmonary embolism. Authors argue about the means of prevention. This seems the fundamental aspect, alone capable to decrease the incidence of very heavy complications responsible of a height mortality range (33%). PMID- 6688487 TI - [Peculiarities of the recurrence of lymphogranulomatosis in children following combined chemotherapy]. AB - The study was concerned with patterns of stage IV lymphogranulomatosis (Hodgkin's disease) recurrence as well as factors affecting it. A combined therapy relying mostly on MOPP scheme was used. Out of 109 children treated, primary complete remission was obtained in 78 (71.6%). However, remission continued throughout the study in 46 cases (59.0%) only. Relapse was more frequent (29 out of 32 cases) in the involved parts of the lymphatic system which had not been exposed to radiation during complete remission. The rate of recurrence formation was found to be in a significant correlation with general symptoms, age, size of the largest cluster of involved lymph nodes, combination of drugs and type of consolidating therapy. PMID- 6688488 TI - [Recurrence in Hodgkin's disease: incidence, therapy and prognosis. (Experience with 134 patients)]. AB - Of 157 patients with Hodgkin's disease treated between 1970 and 1981 an assessment of the clinical course was possible in 134 cases. Remissions were achieved in 120 patients (89%). 51 patients (43%) relapsed subsequently. The highest relapse rates were seen in advanced stages of the disease and in patients with unfavourable histological subgroups (mixed cellularity and lymphocyte depletion). Second remissions were achieved in 40 patients (78%), the remission being complete in 33 cases (65%). Patients who had received radiation therapy primarily, responded significantly better to secondary treatment than patients who had received chemotherapy initially. The predicted five-year survival rate is 70% for patients with complete remission after relapse and 34% for patients with partial remission. Though a relapse of Hodgkin's disease can frequently be treated with curative outcome, patients with certain high-risk factors (e.g. large mediastinal tumour, stage III2, lymphocyte depletion histology) need more intensive induction therapy. PMID- 6688486 TI - [Dermato-venereological services in Denmark in primary health services and in hospitals]. PMID- 6688489 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of sexually transmitted diseases]. PMID- 6688491 TI - Clinical evaluation of ivermectin against migrating worm larvae in horses. PMID- 6688490 TI - [Fetal lung maturity and skin maturity: 2 distinct concepts and the clinical significance of their differences]. AB - The maturation of the fetal lungs, that is to say the adequate production of surfactant in the fetal alveoli, as it is well known reaches to its end about the 35.-36th week of gestation. Even more closely to the date of delivery, about the 37.-38th week of gestation, the maturation of the fetal skin takes place, so to say the detachment of the Vernix caseosa from the fetal skin into the amniotic fluid. The above mentioned means that the children with "mature skin" should have mature lungs too, so that those children have about nothing to fear from the RDS. That can be proved by the comparison of the values which were measured in 38 cases of the L/S Ratio (as a criterion of the lung-maturity), to those of the turbidity of the amniotic fluid and average quantities of the keratinocytes of the amniotic fluid cell population (as a criterion of the skin-maturity); that observation becomes stronger with the comparison of all those values to a Vernix Score, which can be completed after delivery. PMID- 6688492 TI - PTH and vitamin D responses during treatment of hypomagnesaemic hypoparathyroidism. AB - The response of calcium regulating hormones in a patient with hypomagnesaemic hypoparathyroidism was assessed during magnesium infusion. Magnesium repletion was accompanied by prompt restoration of PTH secretion which subsequently stimulated 1,25-diOHD3 production, thus correcting hypocalcaemia. Further, failure of the patient to respond to previous 1 alpha-OHD3 therapy suggests that severe magnesium depletion may also result in a state of acquired resistance to the active metabolites of vitamin D. PMID- 6688493 TI - Effects of 5,8-dideazaisopteroylglutamate and its possible tri-gamma-glutamyl metabolite (5,8-dideazaisoPteGlu3) on colon adenocarcinoma, and the folate dependent enzymes thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase. AB - A series of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-quinazolines was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of colon adenocarcinoma and the folate-dependent enzymes, thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase. Of the quinazolines tested, 5,8 dideazaisopteroylglutamate, (IAHQ), when administered at 85 mg/kg on days 2 and 10 after tumor implantation delayed the growth of colon tumor No. 38, and resulted in 6 of 20 tumor-free animals at 90 days. In contrast, methotrexate had no effect on the growth of colon tumor No. 38 at maximally tolerated doses. IAHQ was also active against human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-8) in tissue culture, requiring a concentration of 5 X 10(-7) M to inhibit cell growth 50% after 72 hours continuous exposure. Since IAHQ was an effective substrate for folylpolyglutamate synthetase, we examined the effects of IAHQ and its possible tri-gamma-glutamyl metabolite, 5,8-dideazaisoPteGLu3, on thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase. Neither IAHQ nor 5,8-dideazaisoPteGlu3 stimulated significant binding of 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate to thymidylate synthase. This was consistent with the observation that IAHQ antagonized the killing of HCT-8 cells by 5-fluorouracil. 5,8 DideazaisoPteGlu3 bound more tightly to thymidylate synthase than dihydrofolate reductase as indicated by Kis of 0.09 and 0.7 microM when deoxyuridylate and dihydropteroylglutamate, respectively, were the variable substrates. Inhibition studies also revealed that binding of IAHQ and 5,8 dideazaisoPteGlu3 to thymidylate synthase is promoted and not antagonized by deoxyuridylate. The data suggests that the biochemical basis for the antitumor effects of IAHQ is the intracellular conversion of IAHQ to poly-gamma-glutamyl metabolites, which inhibit thymidylate synthase via formation of an inhibitor deoxyuridylate-enzyme complex. PMID- 6688494 TI - [Retinopathy of prematurity: a new score for the evaluation of prematurity of infants (II)--the usefulness of prematurity score P]. PMID- 6688495 TI - [Retinopathy of prematurity: a new score for the evaluation of prematurity of infants (III)--is it effective to stimulate the globe by pressure?]. PMID- 6688496 TI - Genital self-examination in adolescent males. AB - Self-examination of the genital area is an important technique to teach adolescent males. It facilitates early detection of testicular cancer and permits prompt recognition of venereal lesions. The general physical examination enables the physician to assess the stage of sexual development, detect any genital abnormalities and instruct the adolescent in the self-examination technique. PMID- 6688497 TI - Emergency smoke masks. PMID- 6688498 TI - Phase II study of PALA and AMSA in advanced renal cell carcinoma. AB - Ninety-two evaluable patients with measurable renal cell carcinoma participated in a phase II trial of PALA (1500 mg/m2/day for 5 days every 3 weeks) versus AMSA (120 mg/m2 every 4 weeks). No complete responses occurred; objective partial response rates were 5% for PALA and 3% for AMSA. Treatment did not influence survival, but ambulatory patients survived longer than did nonambulatory patients. Mucocutaneous and acute gastrointestinal toxicity occurred with PALA, while hematologic toxicity predominated in AMSA treatments. At these schedules neither drug has significant single-agent activity in renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 6688499 TI - The value of neonatal circumcision. An unanswered and perhaps unanswerable question. PMID- 6688500 TI - Corticosteroid treatment of laryngotracheitis v spasmodic croup in children. AB - We compared the efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone sodium phosphate (0.6 mg/kg) in laryngotracheitis (LT) v spasmodic croup (SC) in 72 children (age range, 8 months to 8 years) using a double-blind randomized protocol that measured the individual change in respirations as an objective variable to evaluate the outcome. Administration of dexamethasone did not change the respirations in the patients with LT and significantly decreased the respirations in the patients with SC, compared with the placebo group. Since, in most cases, the pediatrician will be able to differentiate between LT and SC at admission by history and clinical signs, it seems that steroid treatment should be avoided in cases of LT and may be of benefit in some cases of SC. PMID- 6688501 TI - Idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and contaminated small bowel syndrome- treatment with metronidazole, ileostomy, and indomethacin. AB - A 28-year-old Iranian man with chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction presented with gross features of contaminated bowel syndrome. Treatment with metronidazole reversed steatorrhea but exacerbated the gaseous distention of the small intestine, precipitating emergency surgical decompression and ileostomy. A chronic high volume ileostomy diarrhea ensued and was successfully treated with oral indomethacin. PMID- 6688502 TI - Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. AB - Eight cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and one case of complicating non Hodgkin's lymphoma were seen over a 15-year period in 408 patients treated for Hodgkin's disease (actuarial risk of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia of 4.9 percent at 12 years). Two cases of leukemia occurred 11 years after diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. All nine complications were observed in the 220 patients who received MOPP combination therapy (9.1 percent risk of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia at 12 years) either with (n = 8) or without (n = 1) radiation therapy. Patients treated with MOPP with pathologic stage IV disease (37.2 percent risk of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia at 12 years) or over the age of 40 years (33.1 percent risk), and those with failure of MOPP treatment (18.0 percent risk) were in particular jeopardy. If MOPP treatment had been restricted to patients who were under the age of 40 years and with stages I, II, and III disease, it would have been possible to use the drug combination in two thirds of those who had been so treated while eliminating all but one case of leukemia. Furthermore, leukemia was not observed in 78 patients treated with six cycles of MOPP and less than total nodal irradiation. A final decision concerning optimal management of Hodgkin's disease will require definition of the leukemia incidence curve in the second decade after MOPP treatment, and acquisition of additional knowledge of the long-term efficacy and toxicity of alternate treatment regimens. PMID- 6688503 TI - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Development of Nil disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FGS) in sequential renal biopsies is reported in a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although steroid resistance was demonstrated, a complete and sustained clinical remission of the renal lesion followed anti-Hodgkin's chemotherapy. These findings support the hypothesis that Nil disease and FGS are manifestations of the same clinical entity. PMID- 6688504 TI - Retinal damage from a Q-switched YAG laser. AB - A 42-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia and proliferative retinopathy underwent neodymium-YAG laser therapy for a taut posterior hyaloid membrane causing peripapillary and peripheral traction detachment of the retina. Vitrectomy was not done because the patient required anticoagulation. A Q switched YAG laser was capable of cutting holes in the taut membrane, but treatment 2 to 3 mm from the retina resulted in microperforation of a retinal vein and focal areas of damage to the retinal pigment epithelium. The damage to the retinal pigment epithelium was not immediately apparent, and ophthalmoscopically visible lesions were seen only when the patient was reexamined 48 hours later. PMID- 6688505 TI - YAG laser treatment of cystoid macular edema. PMID- 6688507 TI - Program for calculation of radiographic total lung capacity. PMID- 6688506 TI - Unloading effects of molsidomine on peripheral circulation and cardiac hemodynamics in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - The unloading mechanisms and side of peripheral action of the new antianginal drug molsidomine was compared with isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in 14 patients with acute myocardial infarction using a Swan-Ganz catheter and venous occlusion plethysmography. Sublingual molsidomine (2-4 mg) increased calf venous capacitance (CVC) (0.42 +/- 0.18 to 0.64 +/- 0.09 ml/100 ml, p less than 0.05) from 30 to 240 minutes, while simultaneously lowering of PCWP (25.9 +/- 4.9 to 15.8 +/- 7.3 mmHg, p less than 0.05) and CVP (9.3 +/- 3.7 to 5.8 +/- 3.5 cmH2O, p less than 0.05). Calf blood flow (CBF), calf vascular resistance (CVR), CI, TSPR and SWI were not affected significantly. Molsidomine reduced preload more than 240 minutes after its administration. Sublingual ISDN increased CBF into the initial 15 minutes (1.19 +/- 0.49 to 1.83 +/- 0.98 ml/100ml/min, p less than 0.05) and CVC from 5 to 60 minutes (0.42 +/- 0.19 to 0.68 +/- 0.24 ml/100ml p less than 0.01) while simultaneously lowering PCWP (24.3 +/- 2.2 to 14.6 +/- 4.5 mmHg, p less than 0.01) and CVP (9.0 +/- 2.8 to 5.5 +/- 3.5 cmH2O, p less than 0.05). Neither drug affected cardiac index, blood pressure or systemic vascular resistance. These data suggest that molsidomine significantly lowered elevated preload (PCWP/PCP) by dilating venous capacitance vessels. Its length of action was 240 minutes compared with 60 minutes obtained with ISDN, which suggests this new agent may be of marked benefit in the AMI patients suffering from backward failure uncomplicated by forward failure in whom continued preload reduction is necessary. (Results are expressed as the mean +/- standard deviation). PMID- 6688508 TI - [Neonatal hyperthyroidism and thrombopenic purpura]. AB - A seventeen year old woman developed Graves disease and did not receive any sort of treatment. During pregnancy high levels of thyroid hormones and thyrostimulant antibodies were discovered. The newborn infant showed a typical pattern of neonatal thyrotoxicosis in which the most outstanding feature was the presence of generalized purpura. PMID- 6688509 TI - The affected sib method. II. The intermediate model. AB - An iteration procedure is outlined which uses HLA haplotype sharing data from sib pairs in which both sibs have the disease of interest. The procedure allows estimation of the degree of dominance of the HLA linked 'disease' allele, and its frequency in the population, for intermediate models where it is assumed that individuals who do not have at least one copy of the 'disease' allele do not contract the disease. Parameter estimates from sib-pair data on multiple sclerosis, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, haemochromatosis, coeliac disease juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases are given. PMID- 6688510 TI - The purification of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin from human serum using DNA-cellulose chromatography. AB - By exploiting its capacity for binding to DNA, the protease inhibitor alpha 1 antichymotrypsin has been isolated from human serum by ammonium sulfate fractionation and successive chromatography on QAE-Sephadex, DNA-cellulose, and Sephacryl S-300. This experimental procedure compares favorably with existing methods for preparing alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in terms of overall yield and practical convenience. The purified alpha 1-antichymotrypsin was homogeneous as judged by electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic criteria. From its inhibition of the fluorimetric titration of chymotrypsin with 4-methylumbelliferyl-p trimethylammonium cinnamate it was shown to combine with chymotrypsin in a 1:1 molar ratio and thus to retain its biological activity. PMID- 6688511 TI - Transfer of reducing equivalents into mitochondria by the interconversions of proline and delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. AB - Direct evidence is presented for a proline cycle using a cell-free experimental system which sequentially transfers 3H from [1-3H]glucose to NADP+ to delta 1 pyrroline-5-carboxylate and yields [3H]proline. The formation of [3H]proline depends on the presence of NADP, delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, and the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase. The production of [3H]proline from unlabeled proline in the presence of mitochondria provides direct evidence for one complete turn of a proline cycle which transfers reducing equivalents produced by glucose oxidation in the pentose pathway into mitochondria. In this cycle, proline is oxidized to delta 1 pyrroline-5-carboxylate by mitochondrial proline oxidase. delta 1-pyrroline-5 carboxylate is released from mitochondria and is recycled back to proline by delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase with concomitant oxidation of NADPH. At the maximal rate observed, 60% of delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate produced is recycled back to proline. This cycle provides a mechanism for transferring reducing equivalents from NADPH into mitochondria and is linked to glucose oxidation in the pentose pathway by NADPH turnover. PMID- 6688513 TI - Chlamydial infections probably most prevalent of STDs. PMID- 6688512 TI - Efficacy of systemic administration of ivermectin against tsetse flies. PMID- 6688514 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma in a young homosexual man. Association with angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia and a malignant lymphoproliferative disorder. AB - Recent reports have described an unexpected number of cases of a virulent form of a Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) as well as acquired immunodeficiency in young homosexual men. A 31-year-old man initially had a benign disorder, angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia. Kaposi's sarcoma then developed, and he died of a malignant lymphoproliferative disorder. We believe that this is unique among the recently described cases of KS in homosexual men because of the occurrence of this second malignancy. It may be that similar cases will be recognized in this population. PMID- 6688515 TI - Alternaria osteomyelitis. Evidence of specific immunologic tolerance. AB - A 31-year-old man had a maxillary sinus infection and osteomyelitis. In vitro lymphocyte transformation studies indicated that he had a specific immune tolerance to Alternaria organisms. The etiologic agent was recovered and was identified as Alternaria alternata. PMID- 6688516 TI - Coronary heart disease in 48 autopsy patients 30 years old and younger. AB - We studied 48 autopsy patients younger than 30 years who had severe coronary atherosclerosis. Twenty-one patients (44%) died suddenly, 26 (54%) had a history of chest pain, and one had chronic congestive heart failure. Twenty-one patients (44%) had single-vessel disease, 19 (40%) had two-vessel disease, and only nine (16%) had three or four major coronary arteries severely narrowed (greater than 75% cross-sectional area luminal narrowing) by atherosclerotic plaques. Thrombi in coronary arteries were noted in 27 patients (56%) and the left anterior descending coronary artery was the most frequently involved. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was much less in patients younger than 30 years, and the atherosclerotic plaque consisted largely of foam cells, fibrous tissue, and pultaceous debris, with minimal calcific deposits. Thus, it is this population that is most likely to be susceptible to regression of the atherosclerotic plaque. PMID- 6688517 TI - Mesenteric vein thrombosis and vascular plasminogen activator. AB - A 60-year-old woman with livedo reticularis was examined for defective release of vascular plasminogen activator by a newly described chromogenic assay. Her activator level was only 0.007 Committee on Thrombolytic Agents (CTA) units/mL, compared with a mean of 0.19 CTA units/mL for 84 female controls. Subsequently, the patient died as a result of thrombosis of the portal, splenic, hepatic and superior mesenteric veins with small-bowel infarction. The patient's family had a history of deep and superficial vein thrombosis. Her family's medical history was similar to a recently described pedigree, with low levels of releasable plasminogen activator associated with venous thrombosis. We believe that mesenteric vein thrombosis is a serious potential consequence of defective release of vascular plasminogen activator. PMID- 6688520 TI - Copper distribution in Wilson's disease. PMID- 6688519 TI - Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas: metastases from an occult primary tumor. PMID- 6688518 TI - Distribution patterns of microthrombi in disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - Distribution of microthrombi in 37 autopsy cases of untreated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was studied histologically. According to the organs predominantly involved, four patterns of distribution were distinguished: hepatic, hepatorenal, renal, and undetermined. The results suggested that these patterns indicated the course of DIC and the function of Kupffer's cells in the liver, whose role in the course of DIC was evaluated. PMID- 6688521 TI - Microorganisms as antineoplastic agents in CNS tumors. AB - In two patients, malignant tumors unexpectedly regressed following infections. I reviewed the extensive body of literature, both experimental and clinical, concerning the antineoplastic potential of bacteria and viruses. Substantial evidence exists to indicate that microorganisms may, by growing in or near tumors, completely or partially inhibit tumor growth, or alternatively may have no effect at all. In fact, oncolysis may occur only when a specific organism infects a specific tumor. PMID- 6688522 TI - (23S)-1,23,25-Trihydroxycholecalciferol, an intestinal metabolite of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. AB - (23S)-23,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol was converted into a polar metabolite in a calciferol-deficient chick kidney homogenate. The metabolite was identified as (23S)-1,23,25-trihydroxycholecalciferol by absorbance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and by formation of derivatives. (23S)-1,23,25 Trihydroxycholecalciferol was also observed as a 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol metabolite in intestinal cells isolated from 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol treated rat. The trihydroxy metabolite was 50-fold less potent than 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol in the chick intestinal 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol receptor assay. PMID- 6688523 TI - Effects of 4-hydroxynonenal on isolated hepatocytes. Studies on chemiluminescence response, alkane production and glutathione status. AB - The effect of 4-hydroxy-2,3-trans-nonenal, a diffusible product of lipid peroxidation, on isolated hepatocytes was evaluated with two non-invasive techniques measuring low-level chemiluminescence and alkane evolution. Oxygen induced low-level chemiluminescence and ethane and n-pentane formation by hepatocytes is enhanced over 7-fold in the presence of 4-hydroxynonenal (2 mM). Glutathione-depleted hepatocytes show a higher increase than controls in both low level chemiluminescence and alkane formation upon supplementation with 4 hydroxynonenal. The effects on both parameters are diminished by vitamin E pretreatment of rats and are absent under anaerobiosis. At variance with chemiluminescence and alkane formation, 4-hydroxynonenal does not elicit a concomitant increase in malonaldehyde or diene-conjugate formation. Addition of 4 hydroxynonenal to a suspension of hepatocytes causes a rapid loss of cellular glutathione in the form of a glutathione conjugate with the alkenal as observed with high-pressure liquid-chromatographic analysis. The reaction between glutathione and 4-hydroxynonenal proceeds also spontaneously in vitro at 1:1 stoichiometry. The cellular effects of 4-hydroxynonenal evaluated by low-level chemiluminescence and alkane formation are independent of the formation of a glutathione conjugate and seem to rely on the remaining not-bound 4 hydroxynonenal. The sensitivity of 4-hydroxynonenal-enhanced chemiluminescence and alkane formation to free-radical quenchers suggests the participation of a free-radical propagation process. PMID- 6688524 TI - Tryptophan and glucose metabolism in rat liver cells. The effects of DL-6 chlorotryptophan, 4-chloro-3-hydroxyanthranilate and pyrazinamide. AB - Liver cells pre-incubated with 1 mM-DL-6-chlorotryptophan are less sensitive to tryptophan-mediated inhibition of gluconeogenesis; this effect is apparent both at physiological (0.1 mM) and higher (0.5 mM) concentrations of tryptophan. 4 Chloro-3-hydroxyanthranilate (1-100 microM) has effects similar to those of DL-6 chlorotryptophan. The effects of both compounds are consistent with a decrease in quinolinate formation, a consequence of inhibition of 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase. Pyrazinamide (0.25-5.0 mM) significantly decreased flux through the glutarate pathway and potentiated tryptophan-mediated inhibition of gluconeogenesis; these changes were apparent at physiological concentrations of tryptophan. The effects of pyrazinamide are consistent with an increase in quinolinate formation resulting from inhibition of picolinate carboxylase. PMID- 6688526 TI - The occurrence of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid in the vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation zymogens. AB - Previous work has shown that two vitamin K-dependent plasma zymogens, factor X and protein C, each contain one residue of erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid. In the present study, prothrombin, factor VII and factor IX were subjected to amino acid analyses for beta-hydroxyaspartic acid. Factor IX and factor VII each contain one residue of erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid. Edman sequence analyses revealed that this residue occurs at position 64 in human and bovine factor IX. Inasmuch as the nucleotide sequence codes for aspartic acid at this position, it appears highly likely that beta-hydroxyaspartic acid is formed in these proteins by a post-translational hydroxylation of aspartic acid. In contrast, neither human nor bovine prothrombin contain beta-hydroxyaspartic acid. PMID- 6688525 TI - Glycosaminoglycans of solid and ascites forms of the P1798 murine lymphosarcoma. AB - Total glycosaminoglycan levels are similar from subcutaneous, ascites and mesenteric forms of the P1798 lymphosarcoma. However, P1798 cells implanted subcutaneously produce a solid tumor rich in hyaluronic acid with lesser amounts of chondroitin 4-/6-sulfates as well as an undersulfated species of chondroitin sulfate, while cells implanted intraperitoneally produce ascites tumors which generate hyaluronic acid, almost exclusively. Mice bearing advanced ascites tumors develop solid mesenteric tumors which exhibit chondroitin 4-/6-sulfates and under-sulfated chondroitin sulfate in addition to hyaluronic acid. PMID- 6688527 TI - Influence of various cationic amphiphilic drugs on the phase-transition temperature of phosphatidylcholine liposomes. AB - The influence of 16 cationic amphiphilic compounds from various pharmacological groups on the phase-transition temperature (Tt) of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes was investigated using the method of differential scanning calorimetry. All drugs, the hydrophobicity of which varied in a wide range, depressed Tt. Biphasic dose-effect curves were obtained when the reduction of Tt (delta Tt) was plotted vs the molar ratio of drug/DPPC; beyond a plateau, Tt could again be reduced markedly by increasing the molar ratio. Concomitantly with the depression of Tt, the width of the transition peak changed in a characteristic way: it broadened during the (first) steep part of the dose effect curves and became narrow like a control transition when the plateau of the dose-effect curves was reached. At still higher ratios the peak broadened again and eventually vanished, probably due to a detergent-like effect of the drug. Increasing hydrophobicity of the compounds shifted the dose-effect curves to lower molar ratios and enhanced the delta Tt attained at the plateau phase. It is proposed that the different potencies of the drugs to depress Tt result from different binding equilibria between the compounds and DPPC membranes, the individual equilibrium being determined by hydrophobic attraction and electrostatic repulsion. PMID- 6688528 TI - Enhancement of viral growth by the antitumor drug 4'-(9-acridinylamino) methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA). PMID- 6688530 TI - An APL computer program for estimating rate constants of drug absorption. AB - The algorithm of this program for estimating rate constants of drug absorption is mainly based on the Loo-Riegelman method. In order to improve the flexibility of the program, several options for the users were included: one-, two- as well as three-compartment open models with first-order elimination; two optional methods to calculate the area under the curve, i.e. the simple trapezoidal method and the Lagrange method combined with log-trapezoidal approximation and others. In addition to the estimation of the rate constant of drug absorption, this program can be applied for the design of optimal sampling schemes. For this purpose an extra subroutine for simulating plasma drug concentration-time courses is also included. PMID- 6688529 TI - A new model of osteoarthritis in rabbits. II. Evaluation of anti-osteoarthritic effects of selected antirheumatic drugs administered systemically. AB - A battery of drugs with antirheumatic properties was tested for effects on the progress of osteoarthritis induced by a lateral meniscectomy procedure in knee joint cartilage of rabbits. Oral administration of the potent glucocorticoids, paramethasone acetate or triamcinolone, resulted in dramatic inhibition of cartilage degeneration. Significant protection against development of osteoarthritic lesions was also observed in rabbits treated with pirprofen or CGS 5391B but not with 9 other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. A marked reduction in joint pathology was also observed in rabbits treated with tribenoside (a glucofuranoside derivative) and with tamoxifen (an anti-estrogen). Slightly protective effects of borderline significance were observed with orgotein (a superoxide dismutase), gold sodium thiomalate, and D-penicillamine. Chloroquine and calcitonin were without effect. Therapeutic effectiveness of drugs in this model of osteoarthritis cannot be explained on the basis of their antiinflammatory properties. PMID- 6688532 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the mechanism of flavin C-4a adduct formation induced by oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide binding to monoalkylated pig heart lipoamide dehydrogenase. AB - The active center thiol of monoalkylated pig heart lipoamide dehydrogenase, EHR, is induced to form an adduct to the enzyme-bound flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) at the C-4a position upon binding oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) [Thorpe, C., & Williams, C. H., Jr. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 7726-7728]. In light of hypotheses on covalent electron transfer between pyridine nucleotide and flavin, the induction of the thiol-flavin C-4a adduct by NAD+ is reasonably envisioned as involving a covalent bond between the modified flavin and the NAD+. The double-resonance proton nuclear magnetic resonance technique of cross saturation was used to probe the existence of covalent bond formation between the modified flavin of EHR and its inducer molecule, NAD+. Cross-saturation of the free NAD+ signals was not observed even though the spin lattice relaxation time of NAD+ and the rate of exchange between free NAD+ and NAD+ bound to EHR were well within the limits required for cross-saturation. We conclude that a noncovalent interaction between NAD+ and FAD induces the formation of the thiol-flavin C-4a covalent adduct in EHR. A model by which NAD+ binding induces nucleophilic attack by the nascent thiolate of EHR is discussed. PMID- 6688534 TI - Reconstitution of intercalator-induced DNA scission by an active component from nuclear extracts. AB - Treatment with intercalating agents causes formation of protein-associated DNA breaks in mammalian cells in culture and in the nuclei isolated from these cells. We found that this effect, when induced by the intercalator m-AMSA, required a component which could be dissociated from nuclei by 0.3 M NaCl. The effect was restored by combining the extracted nuclei with the nuclear extract. The active component of the extract eluted in gel filtration at a point corresponding to a molecular weight of 800 000. During its reaction with DNA, DNA-protein links and DNA breaks appeared in approximately equal frequencies. In this respect the reaction stimulated by m-AMSA resembled the reaction of a topoisomerase with DNA. However, intercalator-stimulated formation of protein-associated DNA breaks differed from the activity of the nuclear topoisomerase I in that there was a different optimum salt concentration and a different apparent molecular weight. PMID- 6688533 TI - Hydrophobic labeling of a single leaflet of the human erythrocyte membrane. AB - The photoactivatable phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-[10-[4 [(trifluoromethyl)diazirinyl]phenyl]-[9-3H] -8-oxadecanoyl]-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine [( 3H]PTPC) was synthesized with high specific radioactivity. When a sonicated dispersion of [3H]PTPC was incubated with human erythrocyte membranes (ghosts), the radiolabel was inserted spontaneously into the erythrocyte membrane. Photo-cross-linking of [3H]PTPC to membrane components and subsequent analysis of the distribution of radiolabel among polypeptide fragments of glycophorin allowed conclusions concerning the transbilayer distribution of [3H]PTPC in the erythrocyte membrane. Thus, [3H]PTPC was inserted exclusively into the outer leaflet of resealed ghosts, whereas with unsealed (leaky) ghosts, the photosensitive lipid was incorporated into both halves of the membrane simultaneously. These results are incompatible with fusion of [3H]PTPC liposomes with the erythrocyte membrane being responsible for the lipid transfer observed and suggest instead that PTPC exchanges spontaneously between membranes. This property of PTPC could be related to the critical micelle concentration of this lipid [(6 +/- 2) X 10(-9) M at 23 degrees C]. PMID- 6688531 TI - Multivariate analyses as aids to diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in gastrointestinal cancer. AB - The role of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma GT), phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), pseudouridine (psi) and acute phase reactant proteins (C-reactive protein (CRP) alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP] in assessing the prognosis of gastrointestinal neoplasms and the discriminant function in distinguishing benign from malignant diseases of the GI tract was examined. In stomach cancer pre-operative levels of CRP can help in the identification of the patients with a resectable tumour; the pre-operative biochemical measurements do not give any further information on prognosis once stage and site are taken into account. In colorectal cancer pre-operative ACT levels give additional prognostic information once the clinical factors, Dukes stage, sex and age have been accounted for; PHI levels are on the border line of significance. A discriminant function has been devised using sex, CEA, psi, gamma GT, ACT and PHI that can identify 89% of Dukes "D" patients prior to surgery with a misclassification of 7% of other cases of colorectal cancer. A discriminant function using all the biochemical variates separated the cancer from non-cancer patients. The false positive rate for cancer was 16% and a false negative rate of 19%, when the cut-off level was set at 0.7. PMID- 6688535 TI - Alveolar pre-type II cells from the fetal rabbit lung. Isolation and characterization. AB - A method for preparing a homogeneous population of undifferentiated cells from the fetal rabbit lung is described. This method utilizes enzymatic digestion, differential adhesion to remove fibroblasts and centrifugation on a discontinuous metrizamide gradient. Cells isolated by this procedure replicate in vitro in medium supplemented with carbon-stripped fetal bovine serum. Mitosis can also be stimulated by heat-inactivated medium conditioned by fetal lung fibroblasts. After confluence, exposure of these cells to 0.55 or 55 nM dexamethasone significantly increased the incorporation of [14C]choline into phosphatidylcholine. Lower concentrations of the drug also increased incorporation, but not significantly so. Addition of heat-inactivated fibroblast conditioned medium produced a 25% increase in choline incorporation, but this was not significant. Furthermore, the presence of conditioned medium tended to reduced the response of the cells to dexamethasone. After confluence, lamellar inclusion bodies were present in more than 90% of those cells exposed to dexamethasone. These organelles were not observed in cell monolayers not exposed to the steroid. These cells did contain a few small electron-dense bodies. The latter may be immature multivesicular bodies. PMID- 6688536 TI - Resonance Raman spectra of flavin semiquinones stabilized by N5 methylation. AB - Resonance Raman spectra are reported for the semiquinone of N5-methyl derivatives of FMN (flavin mononucleotide) in H2O and 2H2O, 8-chloro FMN and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) with 647.1 nm excitation, in the first pi-pi absorption band, using KI to quench fluorescence. The spectral pattern is similar to that of oxidized flavin, in its first absorption band, but with appreciable shifts, up to approx. 50 cm-1, in corresponding frequencies. There are also significant shifts with respect to the previously reported resonance Raman spectrum of flavodoxin semiquinone, reflecting the substitution of CH3 for H at N5. The N5-methyl FAD semiquinone spectrum is also reported for 514.5 nm excitation, in resonance with the second pi-pi transition. The intensity pattern is quite different, the spectrum being dominated by a band at 1611 cm-1, assigned to a mode localized primarily on the central pyrazine ring. PMID- 6688537 TI - Primary Hodgkin's disease of the lung. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A patient with primary Hodgkin's disease of the lung is described. Special features of this case were alcohol-induced chest pain as the main presenting clinical symptom and the documentation of the evolution of the pulmonary mass by serial X-rays. Complete remission was achieved by lobectomy and subsequent MOPP therapy. Since then the patient has been in unmaintained remission for 36 months. PMID- 6688539 TI - Use and misuse of the PSE. AB - The principles underlying the development of the Present State Examination and the instruments and computer programmes associated with it are discussed in the light of comments made in three recent papers by psychiatrists trained in the German tradition of clinical phenomenology. Many of their comments are cogent and highly relevant to the future development of the system. Some common misunderstandings are also considered; in particular, those that lead to results being interpreted outside the limits of the specifications laid down. The potential for improvement in the system is emphasized and the next stage of development briefly described. PMID- 6688538 TI - A comparison of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone (CMFVP) in patients with advanced breast cancer. AB - The Southeastern Cancer Study Group, in a prospectively randomized study involving patients with advanced breast cancer, has compared a low dose intermittently administered five-drug regimen including cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone (CMFVP) with an aggressively administered three-drug regimen including cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil (CAF). CAF induced more responses and more complete responses and a longer duration of disease control. However, only a marginal difference was demonstrated in overall survival between the two regimens (p = less than 0.10). Patients with a good risk pattern of metastases, i.e. those with nodular local chest wall recurrence, nodular pulmonary metastases, or bone only metastases were more likely to achieve a response and survive longer than those with a poor risk pattern, i.e. lymphangitic pulmonary metastases, pleural effusion with chest wall ulceration, or widespread metastases, including hepatic. All of the differences between the two regimens were noted in the good risk pattern groups. CAF provided no additional benefit to patients presenting with poor risk patterns of metastases. Adriamycin-containing combinations may achieve a greater degree of tumor cell kill in certain subsets of patients with advanced breast cancer, but this provides only a marginal increase in survival. PMID- 6688540 TI - Contact tracing in hepatitis B infection. AB - In an epidemiological study of patients diagnosed as having hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during a 12 month period in a London health district, 98 (67%) of 144 index cases and 146 (67%) of 218 of their named contacts were interviewed. The problems and benefits of using conventional contact tracing techniques in the management of this infection are discussed. Named contacts in stable relationships were more easily traced than young homosexuals with frequent anonymous contacts, and drug addicts. Information on the disease and the risk of its transmission to others was, however, welcomed by some homosexuals who were concerned to establish ways of identifying chronic carriers, immune men, and those at risk. A self help group was started as a result of this study. PMID- 6688541 TI - A survey of sexually transmitted disease centres in Australia. AB - In a nationwide survey carried out in 1981 centres offering free treatment for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) were located and the facilities available to the public were assessed. At least one special centre was located in each of the eight states and territories of Australia, but not in all cases did the clinics meet the basic requirements recommended by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. The STD clinics were almost exclusively found in capital cities, leaving large populations with no locally available specialist advice. The major centres, with one or two notable exceptions, were open only during routine office hours. In several centres staffing levels were barely adequate to cope with patient loads let alone deal with other important work required of reference centres--the training of health care workers, education of high risk groups, and institution of STD control programmes. In several respects the sexually transmitted diseases services in Australia were found to be inadequate to meet the needs of the population. PMID- 6688542 TI - Sexual transmission of Strongyloides stercoralis among homosexual men. PMID- 6688543 TI - Testing a theory of brain function by computer methods. II. Timing short-range mental scanning. AB - In keeping with a plan for overall testing of the timing and sequencing of brain processes, testing techniques are introduced for timing short-range mental scanning without eye movement. The tests, using a personal computer, reveal the tendency to scan from left to right, even when there is insufficient time for eye movement, in persons whose first language is one which is read from left to right. The tests depend on the use of blocking stimuli which operate on central processes rather than peripheral processes, and suggest that it is possible to measure the timing and sequencing of central brain processing thereby. PMID- 6688544 TI - Microcomputer based information storage on burned patients. AB - The paper describes a package of programmes designed to store, retrieve and search simple descriptive data on burn patients. The computer system used is a Commodore Pet 8032 with 8050 disk drive and compatible printer. The programmes also have the ability to produce summary tables of certain patient characteristics either on a yearly or cumulative basis. PMID- 6688545 TI - Continuous infusion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates bone turnover in the normal young mouse. AB - The effects of continuous administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on mineral and bone metabolism have been examined in the normal mouse. Four doses (0.05-0.25 micrograms/kg/day) of 1,25(OH)2D3 were infused continuously for 4 weeks in 21-day-old intact animals. Mineral and skeletal changes were evaluated by analytical methods and by histomorphometric analysis of endosteal bone formation and resorption parameters. All doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the fractional osteoclastic surface and the osteoclast number in conjunction with increased hydroxyproline excretion. 1,25(OH)2D3 induced a dose dependent elevation of the calcification rate, reduction of the mean osteoid seam thickness, and shortening of the mineralization lag time. In addition, there was a dose-related increase in the extent of tetracycline double-labeled osteoid surface and a concurrent rise in the fractional osteoblastic surface associated with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Increased bone formation appeared to have been balanced by increased bone resorption since the trabecular bone volume remained unchanged. Except at the highest dose given, serum calcium and phosphate concentrations remained normal in spite of increased bone mobilization and presumably enhanced intestinal absorption of minerals. Urinary cAMP and TmP/GFR remained normal, suggesting that parathormone secretion was not altered. The results show that continuous 1,25(OH)2D3 infusion in the young mouse produces a dose-dependent stimulation of bone mineralization rate in response to increased osteoclastic bone resorption. The data indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 can regulate bone turnover as well as mineral homeostasis in the young mouse. PMID- 6688549 TI - Diagnostic criteria for primary health care personnel. PMID- 6688546 TI - Enhanced sensitivity of young suckling rats to the toxic effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 6688548 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases: a time for action. PMID- 6688547 TI - 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D-induced inhibition of 3H-25 hydroxyvitamin D production by the rachitic rat liver in vitro. AB - The effect of the vitamin D metabolites 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (100 pg/ml) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (30 ng/ml) on hepatic production of 3H-25 hydroxyvitamin D was investigated using rachitic liver perfusions and homogenates. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D inhibited hepatic 3H-25 hydroxyvitamin D production in the liver perfusion (3.6 +/- 0.4 vs 2.0 +/- 0.5 pmol/liver, P less than 0.05) and in liver homogenates (11.9 +/- 0.6 vs 10.1 +/- 0.4 pmol/g liver protein/3 h, P less than 0.02). Inhibition was time and dose dependent. 25-hydroxyvitamin D inhibited production in liver homogenates (11.9 +/- 0.6 vs 9.2 +/- 0.1 pmol/g liver protein/3 h, P less than 0.05) but not in the intact liver (3.6 +/- 0.4 vs 3.4 +/ 0.5 pmol/liver). The data indicate that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D is able to feedback regulate the production of its precursor, 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Although 25-hydroxyvitamin D also inhibits its own production in liver homogenates, it failed to alter total production in the intact liver, suggesting that this metabolite may require immediate access to the vitamin D 25-hydroxylase, located on the microsomes and mitochondria, to induce inhibition. PMID- 6688550 TI - Epidemiology and control of sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6688551 TI - Treatment guidelines for selected sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6688552 TI - Research on sexually transmitted diseases in Canada. PMID- 6688553 TI - Education and public awareness of sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6688555 TI - AMSA-induced seizures in patients with hypokalemia. PMID- 6688554 TI - Sequential non-cross-resistant chemotherapy regimens (MOPP and CAVmP) in Hodgkin's disease stage IIIB and IV. AB - Fifty consecutive patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease were treated in a multicentre study with 6 cycles of an alternating scheme of MOPP and CAVmP followed by irradiation to a dose of 20 Gy. The objective was to increase complete remission (CR) and cure rates by alternating two effective noncross resistant regimens with subsequent consolidation of the remission by irradiating bulky nodes. A total of 47 patients completed the treatment and are evaluable. In the first 13 patients the irradiation fields amounted to a total or subtotal nodal irradiation with inclusion of the spleen. In case of organ involvement the affected organ was also included in the irradiation field. The irradiation protocol was later changed to an irradiation of the initially involved sites because of severe leucopenia and thrombopenia. After completion of the chemotherapy 32 (68%) patients (for Stage IIIB and IV patients: 63% and 71%, respectively) achieved a CR, after ending the radiotherapy the percentage of CR increased to 87% (for stage IIIB and IV patients: 90% and 86%, respectively). Five of the patients relapsed in an irradiated and nonirradiated area, three patients in a nonirradiated field. The actuarial 3-year survival rate for the entire group was 86% and for patients in CR 94%. The relapse-free survival was 73%. It is concluded that this alternating chemotherapy scheme followed by irradiation is at least equally effective as MOPP treatment in achieving a CR, and is probably superior in terms of survival. PMID- 6688556 TI - Specific binding of sucralfate in gastric ulcer and gastritis. AB - The binding moiety of sucralfate to gastric mucosal sites, such as gastric ulcers and areas of gastritis, was studied in humans. The methods used to elucidate this binding were chemical assay of sucralfate, gastroscopic examination, and histological diagnosis in 39 patients with gastric ulcer and ten patients with gastritis. Sucralfate was observed in the gastric ulcer, and sucrose sulfate ester and aluminum were detected selectively in the lesions. In cases of chronic gastritis, there was no correlation between histological changes and the binding of the sucralfate, but the amount of adhesive mucus and the state of congestion were significantly correlated with the binding of sucralfate. PMID- 6688557 TI - [Myopia in premature infants]. PMID- 6688558 TI - Evidence that thyroid hormones regulate gluconeogenesis from glycerol in man. AB - We have previously reported that glucose production assessed using radioisotopic methods is 50% increased in hyperthyroidism but 30% decreased in hypothyroidism. These studies, however, do not distinguish between glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. In fasting man more than 80% of circulating glycerol is cleared by the liver and enters the gluconeogenic pathway. We have therefore measured glycerol clearance following bolus intravenous glycerol administration as an indirect assessment of gluconeogenic capacity. Hyperthyroid and hypothyroid subjects were compared with separate matched controls after an overnight fast. In hyperthyroid subjects blood glucose and blood glycerol were increased but lactate, pyruvate, and alanine concentrations were normal. Glycerol clearance was increased in hyperthyroidism and followed a double exponential decay with a shortened second component half-time. Endogenous glycerol production was increased three-fold. In hypothyroidism fasting circulating levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, and glycerol were normal but glycerol clearance was diminished. Both first and second component half-times were prolonged in hypothyroidism and endogenous glycerol production was decreased by 50%. Thus in hyperthyroidism glycerol clearance is greatly enhanced whilst in hypothyroidism glycerol clearance is diminished. The magnitude of the changes suggests that alterations in gluconeogenesis are probably the major factors concerned in the reported increase and decrease in glucose production in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism respectively. PMID- 6688559 TI - [Insulin autoimmune syndrome possibly due to methymazole treatment for Basedow's disease]. PMID- 6688560 TI - [Hashimoto's disease associated with subacute thyroiditis--2 cases]. PMID- 6688561 TI - Substitute meniscus of Teflon-net for the knee joint of dogs. AB - Investigations conducted in 20 joints of 17 dogs suggest that a Teflon-net substitute meniscus preserves knee joint functions more effectively than a regenerated or absent meniscus. Teflon-net is an ideal material for meniscal replacement because it is easily obtainable, has flexibility and histo compatibility, and is rapidly infiltrated with cells. A comparative study should be undertaken of knee joint functions with the substitute meniscus and the remains of the meniscus after partial meniscectomy before clinical use of the Teflon-net is feasible. The adhesion between the substitute meniscus and the popliteal muscle also requires further laboratory investigation. PMID- 6688562 TI - Treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer using cisplatin, adriamycin and cytoxan--the Indiana University experience. PMID- 6688564 TI - Apple II program to simulate the response-time profile of non-depolarising muscle relaxants. AB - We have developed a BASIC program for the Apple II microcomputer which can simulate the effect (degree of paralysis) time curve obtained following bolus intravenous administrations of pancuronium. The program is based on a combined pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model and has practical application to the anaesthetist under operating room conditions. Knowing the disease state of the patient and the doses and times of administration of pancuronium the microcomputer can predict the degree of paralysis which exists at any time and so assists in the timing of the next dose of relaxant and in deciding when to effect reversal. PMID- 6688566 TI - Using SEEK for multichannel pattern recognition. AB - The author's work on computerized analysis of the 2-channel, 24-hr electrocardiogram has previously resulted in the development of multichannel signal processing systems that learn by observation. A new tool for implementing such algorithms is described: the pattern recognition language SEEK. Programs written in SEEK build a knowledge base containing treelike data structures, each of which stores acquired information about a particular multichannel waveform. Input data are interpreted by performing an efficient parallel evaluation of the structures in the knowledge base. The work is applicable to a wide variety of pattern recognition problems that arise in medical signal processing. The approach is illustrated with examples drawn from ECG analysis. PMID- 6688563 TI - Design, dynamics and deduction: a radiologist looks at the human lung. PMID- 6688567 TI - A system for the analysis of long-term electrocardiographic studies in clinical research and training. AB - A computer system has been developed for the analysis of data from long-term electrocardiographic studies in the context of an institution committed to clinical research and training. The major characteristics required of such a system are intelligence, flexibility, friendliness, and maintainability. These attributes are achieved by a user interface which consists of menus and interactive graphics, and by the use of highly modular software developed in a high-level programming language. The system has been used in studies of the effects of drugs on cardiac arrhythmias and has been easy to learn and convenient to use. PMID- 6688565 TI - A calculator program to determine heparin requirements during hemodialysis. AB - A calculator program has been developed that will compute the sensitivity and clearance of heparin in a patient on hemodialysis prior to reaching steady state. The coagulation time at any time during the dialysis cycle may be determined. A rebolus dose or a duration of time to hold the infusion may also be calculated. PMID- 6688568 TI - ADAMIS: a database for medical information systems. AB - This paper describes the design and implementation of ADAMIS ('A database for medical information systems'). ADAMIS is a relational database management system for a general hospital environment. Apart from the usual database (DB) facilities of data definition and data manipulation, ADAMIS supports a query language called the 'simplified medical query language' (SMQL) which is completely end-user oriented and highly non-procedural. Other features of ADAMIS include provision of facilities for statistics collection and report generation. ADAMIS also provides adequate security and integrity features and has been designed mainly for use on interactive terminals. PMID- 6688569 TI - A tracking system for conducting epidemiological case-control studies. AB - The automated-respondent tracking system (ARTS) is an event-driven management system developed to monitor data collection during large epidemiological case control studies. ARTS facilitates the conduct and management of these studies by eliminating the problems and limitations of manually monitoring subjects. This system, developed on an IBM 3032, consists of a series of programs linked by a general update program. Data captured on each subject for every study phase are used to generate lists of subjects requiring further action by the study staff. Additionally, ARTS produces reports reflecting a study's progress. Improved study management and reduced clerical load justify the system's costs. Concepts and programming principles applied to ARTS can be generalized to other epidemiological study designs. PMID- 6688570 TI - MIR: a versatile program for the statistical analysis of enzyme kinetic data. AB - We have developed a package program for the estimation of Michaelis-Menten parameters for enzymes that conform to different kinetic mechanisms. Data from different experimental schemes can be fitted with appropriate weighing factors to any of 6 mathematical models, corresponding to 5 kinetic mechanisms: ordered bi bi, Theorell-Chance, rapid equilibrium random bi-bi, rapid equilibrium ordered bi bi and ping pong bi-bi. The program also performs a significance test to discriminate between different candidate models. To illustrate the performance of the program, real data from kinetic experiments with glucose 6-phosphate from Leuconostoc mesenteroides have been fitted to different mathematical models, and the results are discussed. The program can be easily implemented for the fitting of kinetic data to any other model. PMID- 6688571 TI - A new method for automatic metaphase finding adaptable to different chromosome preparations. AB - A FORTRAN computer program, running on a Digital PDP 11-34 minicomputer, has been developed for use in conjunction with a Cambridge Quantimet 720 image analyzer for the investigation of metaphase preparations in routine cytogenetics. During a short initiation phase the program is adapted to the type of metaphase being analyzed. The program is fast and its performance is good, even at low microscopic magnifications. It has other uses in biology for all investigations and characterizations of small distinct elements widely spread within a preparation (e.g., autoradiography, bacteriology). PMID- 6688572 TI - LAGRAN program for area and moments in pharmacokinetic analysis. AB - A computer program is described for examination of areas (AUC) and moments of serum concentration vs time data using the Lagrange technique alone or in conjunction with linear or log-trapezoidal methods. The suitability of the Lagrange polynomial approximations to the experimental data during AUC computation is possible through output of interpolated values between consecutive data points. Ill-fitting AUC's between any data points can be replaced with values generated by either trapezoidal method. Along with the partial and total AUC and moment, the program generates model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters such as plasma clearance, terminal slope, half-life, volume of distribution at steady-state, mean residence time, and variance of the residence time. PMID- 6688573 TI - Detection and accommodation of multivariate statistical outliers. AB - This paper deals with the problem of identifying and testing a number of extreme sample elements (t = 1, 2, 3 and 4) as significant outliers in a sample of size n from a K-dimensional normal distribution with unknown parameters. Accommodation of detected outliers is effected through outlier-robust estimation of multivariate location (mean vector) and dispersion (variance-covariance matrix). PMID- 6688574 TI - Using P-Stat, BMDP and SPSS for a cross-products factor analysis. AB - The major disadvantage of the Q factor analysis with Euclidean distances described by Tanner and Koning [Comput. Progr. Biomed. 12 (1980) 201-202] is the considerable editing required. An alternative procedure with commercially distributed software, and with cross-products in place of Euclidean distances is described. This procedure does not require any editing. PMID- 6688575 TI - Random number generators for microcomputers. AB - The feasibility of random number generation using microcomputers is discussed and the appropriateness of alternative algorithms is evaluated on the basis of several criteria of statistical randomness. The relative deficiencies of each algorithm are cited and a modified Fibonacci generator is recommended for use in the microcomputer environment. PMID- 6688576 TI - Computer-aided information management systems in clinical trials. A physician's perspective. AB - Clinical trials involve the administration of new or experimental treatments to patients and the subsequent observation of responses to these treatments over appropriate periods of time. During a clinical trial, large volumes of data describing the course of each patient must be gathered and analyzed. Traditionally, computers have been used only for final statistical calculations after labour-intensive data capture and tabulation. These methods are becoming increasingly expensive, and problems with traditional data management techniques in clinical research are compounded by trends including increasing numbers of patients, increasing length of follow-up period, increasing numbers of relevant treatment and response variables, and participation of geographically dispersed research groups in 'multicentre' trials. Existing computer systems to aid with data management in clinical research are reviewed and criticized, and a new system designed to solve data management problems as perceived by the clinical researcher is described. PMID- 6688577 TI - The use of a pocket computer for hemodynamic profiles. AB - The pocket computer system for generating hemodynamic profiles is described. This system provides advantages over systems presently used to generate hemodynamic profiles because it is easy to program, simple to use, and is relatively inexpensive. PMID- 6688578 TI - Morphometric synaptology of a whole neuron profile using a semiautomatic interactive computer system. AB - We propose a new method of dealing with morphometric synaptology that processes all synapses and boutons around the HRP marked neuron on a large composite electron micrograph, rather than a qualitative or a piecemeal quantitative study of a particular synapse and/or bouton that is not positioned on the surface of the neuron. This approach requires the development of both neuroanatomical procedures, by which a specific whole neuronal profile is identified, and valuable specialized tools, which support the collection and analysis of a great volume of morphometric data from composite electron micrographs, in order to reduce the burden of the morphologist. The present report is also concerned with the total and reliable semi-automatic interactive computer system for gathering and analyzing morphometric data that has been under development in our laboratory. A morphologist performs the pattern recognition portion by using a large-sized tablet digitizer and a menu-sheet command, and the system registers the various morphometric values of many different neurons and performs statistical analysis. Some examples of morphometric measurements and analysis show the usefulness and efficiency of the proposed system and method. PMID- 6688580 TI - [Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Apropos of 3 cases in the same family]. PMID- 6688579 TI - Peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI). A secretagogue in porcine intestine. AB - PHI (peptide histidine isoleucine) is a recently identified porcine peptide, present in large quantities in the intestine, which has sequence homologies with VIP, an established intestinal secretagogue, and with secretin, glucagon, and GIP. The effects of PHI on jejunal, ileal, and colonic fluid and electrolyte transport were studied in the pig. PHI appears to be an intestinal secretagogue inducing a reversible net secretion of fluid and electrolytes in jejunum and ileum and less marked effects in the colon. PMID- 6688581 TI - Human milk and milk formulas for infant feeding. PMID- 6688583 TI - Is Mullerian-inhibiting substance a circulating hormone in the chick-quail chimera? AB - Mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) is a glycoprotein from the fetal testis which causes regression of the embryonic Mullerian duct. It was thought to be a locally acting agent, because in the true hermaphrodite, a Fallopian tube remains on the side contralateral to that bearing a testis, but is absent on the side adjacent to the testis. To test whether Mullerian duct regression could occur at a distant site, the chick-quail chimera was used. Chick embryos were maintained in shell-less culture from 3-14 days of incubation. At 7-9 days of incubation, a chick/quail chimera was created by grafting a quail Mullerian duct into the eye of the chick. Three or four days later, the eye was enucleated and histologically examined using the Feulgen reaction or a modification of this technique. Under these conditions, the quail cell nuclei could be readily identified, allowing absolute identification of the cells around the graft. Twenty-three female chick hosts received grafts; of the 17 grafts recovered, 16 were developing normally. In 16 male chicks receiving grafts, 10 Mullerian ducts were recovered, with 9 of these showing clear signs of regression, such as basement membrane dissolution, condensation of mesenchyme, diminution of epithelial tube size, and thinning of mesenchymal cuff. These results suggest that MIS reached the quail duct in the eye and was functionally active. This model suggests that MIS may be a true endocrine testicular secretion. PMID- 6688582 TI - In rat uterus 17 beta-estradiol stimulates a calcium-binding protein similar to the duodenal vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein. AB - A calcium-binding protein (CaBP) similar to rat duodenal vitamin D-dependent CaBP was identified in rat uterus. Uterine CaBP and duodenal CaBP had the same mol wt (9,000-10,000), exhibited the same calcium-dependent electrophoretic mobility, and were immunologically identical. The localization of CaBP in the rat uterus was explored using indirect immunoperoxidase methods, and by CaBP RIA in the endometrium and myometrium after enzyme separation. In the endometrium CaBP was found in the cytoplasm of the stroma cells but not in the epithelium or in the glandular cells. In the myometrium, it was located inside the smooth myometrial fibers. Hormonal regulation of CaBP was shown to differ in the uterus and duodenum. Duodenal CaBP concentrations increased in response to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), and were not influenced by ovariectomy or sex steroids administration. By contrast, CaBP synthesis fell drastically in the uterus of ovariectomized rats, but was greatly enhanced by low physiological doses of 17 beta-estradiol. This effect of 17 beta-estradiol on uterine CaBP was dose dependent. Medroxyprogesterone and more especially 1,25(OH)2D3 exerted no such stimulating effect on uterine CaBP. In vitamin D-deficient ovariectomized rats, administration of 17 beta-estradiol alone restored the uterine CaBP concentrations to normal and this potency contrasted with the apparent inability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to affect the uterine CaBP concentrations. Our data suggest that, unlike duodenal CaBP regulation, the expression of the CaBP gene in rat uterus is predominantly controlled by 17 beta-estradiol. PMID- 6688584 TI - A new procedure for calculating the kinetic parameters of enzyme reactions. AB - The possibilities of computer and some mathematical and statistical considerations may renew the interest and reevaluate the advantages of the double reciprocal plot proposed by Lineweaver and Burk. From the experimental values of substrate concentration and reaction velocity, the best-fitting line can be statistically obtained using nonparametric criteria. Computer programs in FORTRAN and BASIC permit easy and elegant resolutions. PMID- 6688585 TI - Effects of 5-fluorouracil and 2 alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone propionate on the growth of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 in vitro. AB - 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and 2 alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone propionate (MDTP) have effectively induced complete regressions of induced rat mammary carcinomas; in combination, regressions were additive and synergistic. Present aims were to determine whether similar antitumor effects were obtainable with a human mammary carcinoma, MCF-7, and to affirm the synergism of 5-FU and MDTP. After incubation in vitro for 3 days and exposure to drug for another 2 days, cell counts and/or determinations of total cell protein revealed growth inhibitions of 16-87% by 5 FU at 130-1300 micrograms/ml and 16-94% by MDTP at 0.36-360.5 micrograms/ml. Combinations of 5-FU and MDTP at the same inhibitory doses (ID) yielded approximately additive growth inhibitions. Algebraic and geometric (isobole) methods of analyses showed that these inhibitions were additive or synergistic, depending on the iso-effective dose used. Precursor incorporation into macromolecules also showed approximately additive effects for MCF-7 cells treated with 5-FU and MDTP, each at ID15. These data demonstrate significant additive growth-inhibitory activity of 5-FU and MDTP in combination against MCF-7 in vitro, thus affirming their antitumor effects in vivo. PMID- 6688586 TI - Blood pressure and heart rate effect of a vasopressin antagonist in conscious normotensive rats pretreated with exogenous vasopressin. AB - The blood pressure and heart rate effects of the specific pressor antagonist of vasopressin d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, 5 micrograms i.v. was evaluated in conscious normotensive rats. Our results suggest that a baroreceptor reflex mediated decrease in sympathetic nerve activity, as reflected by a slowing in heart rate, returns blood pressure to baseline levels shortly after injections of exogenous vasopressin. This has to be taken into account when interpreting the hemodynamic response to vasopressin antagonists in rats pretreated with this vasopressive hormone. PMID- 6688587 TI - Differential light microscopic autoradiographic localization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the brainstem and spinal cord of the rat using [3H]pirenzepine. PMID- 6688588 TI - Xanthine oxidase, an indicator of secretory differentiation in mammary cells. AB - Elevated levels of xanthine oxidase were found in (1) lactating mouse mammary glands, compared with virgin and midpregnant glands; and (2) primary mouse mammary cells cultured on floating collagen gels, compared with non-secretory cells on attached gels. In primary culture, increase in xanthine oxidase activity above a basal level coincided with secretory activity as measured by casein production; intracellular levels of casein and xanthine oxidase showed a high degree of correspondence. It is suggested that xanthine oxidase levels can be used as an indicator of in vivo and in vitro secretory differentiation in mammary epithelial cells. PMID- 6688589 TI - Cell surface glycoproteins of 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma clones of differing metastatic potentials. AB - Rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma cell surface glycoproteins from s.c. tumor- or lung metastases-derived cell clones of differing spontaneous metastatic potentials were examined for their relationship to metastasis. After treatment with neuraminidase, lectin-binding assays showed that highly metastatic clone MTLn3 cells express approximately twice the quantity of peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding sites (approximately 2.3 X 10(8) sites/cell) than clones of lower metastatic potential. However, the number of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-binding sites on the various cell clones decreased slightly as the metastatic potential of the clones increased. The quantities of concanavalin A (conA)-binding sites were similar (approximately 1.7 X 10(8) sites/cell) in all cell clones and growth conditions. Glycoprotein analysis was performed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) and subsequent staining with 125I-labeled lectins. SDS-PAGE gels stained with 125I labeled conA revealed mainly one glycoprotein (Mr approximately 150 kD), and the amounts of this glycoprotein did not correlate with metastasis. Differences in WGA-binding glycoproteins were detected between s.c. tumor- and lung metastases derived cell clones. Several desialylated glycoproteins were detected with 125I labeled PNA after SDS-PAGE, and the labeling intensity of one (Mr approximately 580 kD) correlated with the metastatic potentials of the various cell clones. This high Mr galactoprotein was further analyzed by [3H]glucosamine metabolic labeling, solubilization, sequential gel filtration, and chondroitinase ABC treatment prior to SDS-PAGE. The 580 kD galactoprotein was expressed in increased amounts on the more highly metastatic clones. Chemical labeling of cell surface sialic acid residues using periodate treatment followed by [3H]borohydride reduction showed an additional change in a major sialoglycoprotein (Mr approximately 80 kD), which decreased in labeling intensity on clones of increasing metastatic potential. The results suggest quantitative changes in cell surface glycoproteins rather than major qualitative alterations are associated with differences in the metastatic behavior of 13762NF tumor cell clones. PMID- 6688590 TI - Isolation of a brain peptide identical to the intestinal PHI (peptide HI). AB - The isolation of a brain peptide identical to the intestinal peptide PHI (peptide HI) is described. The peptide was isolated from porcine brain extract using a chemical assay method based on its C-terminal isoleucine amide structure. The complete amino acid sequence of the peptide was found to be: His-Ala-Asp-Gly-Val Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Phe-Ser-Arg-Leu-Leu-Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala- Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Ser Leu-Ile-NH2. This sequence is identical to the intestinal peptide thus demonstrating PHI to be a brain-gut peptide. The role of PHI in the central nervous system as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator is discussed. PMID- 6688591 TI - [Histopathologic studies on Graves' disease with an application of cluster analysis: relation of the obtained groups to clinical pictures]. PMID- 6688592 TI - [A solid phase radioimmunoassay using 125I-protein A for the detection of anti human thyroglobulin antibodies]. PMID- 6688593 TI - [2 cases of Hashitoxicosis with histological features of adenomatous goiter]. AB - Two male patients with 'Hashitoxicosis', who revealed histologic pictures of adenomatous goiter in addition to findings of chronic thyroiditis, are described. Case 1. A 55-year-old man was admitted on May 7, 1981, for evaluation of hyperthyroidism. He had exophthalmos with positive Moebius and von Graefe's signs, and a firm, asymmetrically enlarged non tender thyroid gland with multiple cysts. The BMR was +60%, T4 26.4 micrograms/dl, free T4 7.2 ng/dl, T3 5.62 ng/ml and 24 hr radioiodine uptake 49.5%. TSH was undetectable and did not respond to TRH. 123I scan showed multiple defects in the bilateral upper poles of the thyroid gland. Antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies were positive. He then underwent a total thyroidectomy with removal of multinodular goiter. The mutinodular goiter was associated with cystic degeneration which contained the thyroid hormone-rich fluid. Histologic examination revealed multiple adenomatous nodules and lymphocytic infiltration and degeneration in the surrounding tissues of the nodules. Case 2. A 43-year-old man was admitted on May 14, 1975, because of an 8 month history of hand tremor, weight loss (5 kg), facial and upper palpebral edema and an enlarged thyroid. He had mild exophthalmos and a firm, asymmetrically enlarged thyroid gland with multiple nodules. The BMR was +35%, T4 20.0 micrograms/dl, T3(Resomat) 0.78 ng/ml and PBI 20.0 micrograms/dl. TSH was 1.0 muU/ml and responded slightly to TRH. 24 hr radioiodine uptake was 84.4% and did not respond to T3 administration. Antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies were positive. 123I scan showed diffusely increased uptake and no defects. Histologic examination of the biopsy specimen of the thyroid gland showed multiple adenomatous nodules in addition to typical findings of chronic thyroiditis in the surrounding tissues of the nodules. From the above observations, it is suggested that multiple adenomatous nodules accompanying chronic thyroiditis show clinical features resembling Basedow's disease rather than Plummer's disease. PMID- 6688594 TI - Gene coding for a lens-specific protein, delta-crystallin, is transcribed in nonlens tissues of chicken embryos. AB - The question of whether or not delta-crystallin gene (delta-gene) is transcribed in tissues of chicken embryos other than lens was examined by Northern blot analysis, using cloned delta-crystallin cDNA as a probe. delta-Crystallin mRNA was detected in neural retinas, brains, and limb buds of 3.5-day-old embryos. However, the distribution of delta-gene transcripts is limited to lens only in posthatched chickens. It was indicated that the ratio of large delta-crystallin RNA, probably precursor RNA, to mature delta-crystallin mRNA is always much higher in nonlens tissues. PMID- 6688596 TI - Sulfites in foods and drugs. PMID- 6688595 TI - Timing the early events during sea urchin fertilization. AB - To determine precisely the timing, duration, and sequences of the earliest events during sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) fertilization, the bioelectric recordings of microelectrode-impaled eggs were electronically superimposed, by video mixing, over the microscopic differential interference contrast image of the same egg at insemination. Videotape analysis, utilizing a slow-motion analyzer, demonstrates that the successful sperm triggers the bioelectric membrane potential reversal within 3.36 +/- 3.02 sec (0.72-9.76 sec range; sigma = 23 eggs) of sperm-egg attachment. This sperm, actively gyrating about its attachment site, is indistinguishable from the other, unsuccessful sperm until 12.66 +/- 2.72 sec (6.72-16.60 sec range; sigma = 15) later when the sperm tail ceases its beating and sperm incorporation ensues. The cortical granules begin to discharge, and the fertilization coat starts to elevate at the fusion site at 20.79 +/- 3.18 sec (13.62-26.08 sec range; sigma = 12) after the onset of the fertilization potential, i.e., an average of about 8 sec after the cessation of sperm-tail motility during incorporation. In most cases, the bioelectric responses starts within 7 sec of sperm adhesions; if the data are analyzed excluding the few slow cases, the fertilization potential is found to start 1.93 sec (+/- 1.28 sec) after sperm attachment. These results indicate that the first successful sperm triggers the fast block to polyspermy within 3.4 sec, perhaps as quickly as 1.9 sec, of sperm-egg adhesion, about 13 sec before the first morphological indication of fertilization, and about 21 sec before the characteristic elevation of the fertilization coat responsible for the late block to polyspermy. PMID- 6688597 TI - Reporting problems with medical foods. PMID- 6688598 TI - [Secretion of pancreatic polypeptide in cats in response to different stimuli; correlation with gastric acid secretion]. AB - The pancreatic polypeptide response to a meal depends on various mechanisms, which are only partly understood. The aim of this study was to define whether humoral factors and nutrients which modulate postprandial gastric acid secretion play a role in the regulation of pancreatic polypeptide secretion. Our study was performed in the cat, a species in which pancreatic polypeptide release has never been explored. The animals were provided with a gastric fistula and a Heidenhain pouch and received, in a random order, mixed liver (50 g) per os or different nutriments which were introduced directly into the gastric fistula in identical final volumes: 50 g mixed liver; 1.5 to 12 g oligopeptides; or 2 g of triglycerides or glycogen. Acid output and pancreatic polypeptide secretion were measured over 150 min. In the cat as in dog and man, a mixed meal induced a five to ten-fold increase of plasma pancreatic polypeptide. The protein fraction of the meal was the most potent stimulus for release of this peptide and the pancreatic polypeptide response to protein seemed to be dose-related. The lipid and carbohydrate components of the meal were only weak stimulants. In the cat, a central vagal stimulation is effective on pancreatic polypeptide release, as on gastric acid secretion, since 2-deoxyglucose stimulated both secretions (about 15 p. 100 of maximal response to a meal). The integrated pancreatic polypeptide release and the Heidenhain pouch acid secretion in response to nutriments were correlated during the 30-120 min period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6688599 TI - Evolution of the nucleotide sequence of influenza virus RNA segment 7 during drift of the H3N2 subtype. AB - The complete genetic information contained in the influenza virus RNA segment 7 of the A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2) strain has been cloned by in vitro synthesis of the complementary dsDNA and its insertion into plasmid pBR322. The nucleotide sequence of the viral RNA segment has been determined from the cDNA insert. It is 1027 nucleotides long, and contains two open reading frames, as shown for other influenza virus strains. When compared with the previously published sequence for the A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) strain, 15 nucleotide exchanges are observed, most of them silent mutations, and only two causing amino acid changes in each of the M1 and M2 protein sequences. PMID- 6688600 TI - [Automated system of processing the primary information concerning personnel and their morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity]. PMID- 6688601 TI - [Pirenzepin--a new drug in peptic diseases]. PMID- 6688603 TI - [Contrast sensitivity as an indicator of early optic nerve involvement in endocrine orbitopathy?]. PMID- 6688602 TI - [Combined effect of FM-100 and several anti-ulcer agents on ulcer induced by ligation of the pylorus in rats]. AB - Single administration of FM-100 (50, 200 mg/kg, i.p.), cimetidine (200, 800 mg/kg, i.d.), pirenzepine (5, 20 mg/kg, i.d.) and ASS (20, 80 mg/kg, p.o.) dose dependently prevented ulcer formation in pylorus-ligated rats. FM-100 and pirenzepine dose-dependently decreased the volume of gastric juice with a slight increase in the pH, but scarcely influenced pepsin activity. The inhibitory effect of cimetidine on gastric secretion was characterized by an elevation in the pH of the gastric juice. ASS at 80 mg/kg, showing antiulcerogenic activity, had a weak antacidic effect on gastric juice without affecting the volume and pepsin activity. By the combination of FM-100 (50 mg/kg, i.p.) with cimetidine (200 mg/kg, i.d.), pirenzepine (5 mg/kg, i.d.) or ASS (20 mg/kg, p.o.), the preventive effects of these drugs on ulcer formation was augmented; and the combined administration of FM-100 with cimetidine or pirenzepine also enhanced the inhibitory effects of these drugs on gastric secretion. PMID- 6688606 TI - Prediction of multiple-dose blood level curves of drugs with rapid changes in doses and/or dosing intervals. AB - This paper describes a program which can predict multiple-dose blood level curves of any drug administered orally or intravenously with up to a maximum of three changes in the dosage regimen at any time during the treatment period. This program is applicable to any drug in a given individual provided that the single dose blood level curve equation (in the form of a two-exponential function) of the first or the last dose of the therapy in this individual is known. PMID- 6688605 TI - Plasmapheresis in pediatric practice. PMID- 6688604 TI - Problems in treating experimentally induced acute hepatic failure by hemoperfusion or cross circulation. AB - Acute hepatic failure was induced in rats by galactosamine injection intraperitoneally (1 gm per kg). Twenty-four hours later rats were treated by hemoperfusion (HP) over encapsulated sorbents: cellulose acetate-coated charcoal, polyelectrolyte-coated XAD4, a combination of both, or cross circulation with a healthy donor. Compared with control treatment (prevention of hypoglycemia by glucose infusion), the survival rate was not improved by HP or cross circulation: controls 19% vs. treated animals 0 to 17%. Extension of duration or increased frequency of HP gave the same survival rates. Computer simulation based on zero order introduction of a possible toxin into a two-compartment model shows that HP up to 5 hr per day is not able to clear the body effectively from the assumed toxin if its partition coefficient exceeds a value of 50. PMID- 6688607 TI - Calculator programs to deal with non-steady state, multiple dosage regimen clinical pharmacokinetics. AB - Serum drug levels have become a useful tool in the optimization of dosage requirements for several therapeutically important drugs. In the acute care situation the interpretation of these levels is complicated by multiple dosage regimens and inadequate time to achieve steady-state serum drug levels. Mathematical equations describing first order single compartment pharmacokinetics have been compiled. An alpha-numeric programmable calculator has been programmed to accept information regarding up to seven different serial dosage regimens. The calculator is also programmed to predict concentrations at any time during a complex set of dosage regimens or peak, trough, and average concentrations given a maintenance dosage regimen. Examples are given to demonstrate the usefulness of the programs in the clinical setting. PMID- 6688608 TI - TIBIAS--a microcomputer-based analysis system for isoelectric focusing and electrophoretic patterns. AB - A program is described for a computer-aided analysis system for isoelectric focusing (IEF) patterns. This system is primarily aimed at comparing and statistically analyzing large numbers of one-dimensional electrofocusing patterns in the search for specific tumor markers in pancreatic ductal secretions. It is designed to collect raw densitometric data, allow interactive processing, matching and statistical tests, and prepare high-quality plots of data at various stages. PMID- 6688609 TI - Calcium and vitamin-D metabolism in nephrotic syndrome. AB - A child with long-standing steroid resistant minimal-change nephrotic syndrome developed mild muscular weakness. Laboratory studies demonstrated reduction in both protein-bound and ionized calcium concentrations which were accompanied by high serum PTH and low urinary calcium excretion. These findings were related to the marked sustained reduction in the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3. Relief of the muscular weakness and normalization of serum ionized calcium and PTH were realized with oral administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 at 0.25 mcg per day. These beneficial effects persisted for over one year of follow-up. PMID- 6688610 TI - Evaluation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D binding protein losses in thirteen children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Thirteen children, 6 females, 7 males, aged 2 to 13 years were studied. At the time of study they were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for 1 to 22 months. 25-(OH)D loss in daily dialysate fluids represented 2 to 22 micrograms/day. A significant correlation was found between 25-(OH)D plasma concentration and 25-(OH)D dialysate concentration. 25-(OH)D clearance was correlated to 25-(OH)D binding protein clearance (p less than 0.001). These findings of important 25-(OH)D losses in the dialysate fluid of children on CAPD demonstrate the necessity of carefully adapted vitamin D intakes with such a treatment. PMID- 6688611 TI - Osteonecrosis of the femoral head following treatment for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6688612 TI - Osteomalacia--current concepts. 1982. PMID- 6688613 TI - Arthroscopic meniscectomy. PMID- 6688614 TI - Phosphatidylglycerol-deficient lung surfactant has normal properties. AB - We have investigated the effects of substituting phosphatidylinositol (PI) for phosphatidylglycerol (PG) on the functional properties of rabbit lung surfactant. We gave oral 10% glucose solution for 3 days to 11 rabbits and 10% inositol to 12 others. Lung lavage surfactant phospholipids were normal in both groups, except that PG was low and PI was high in the inositol group. Fatty acyl group distributions did not differ, except for a slight decrease of oleic acid in the inositol group. Electron microscopic examination showed normal surfactant structure in both. The time course of surfactant adsorption to an air-water interface was similar in both groups. Minimum surface tension after film compression was 4.0 +/- 0.8 mN . m-1 in the glucose group and 2.9 +/- 1.3 mN . m 1 in the inositol group (mean +/- SE). Surface potential-surface pressure isotherms were identical to within 12 mV. Arterial blood gases breathing air and 100% O2 were the same in both groups, as were pressure-volume curves of excised lungs, with both air and saline filling. The results suggest that, if acidic phospholipids are necessary for maintaining normal surfactant structure and surface properties, normal pressure-volume relationships, and normal gas exchange, then PI may substitute for PG. PMID- 6688615 TI - A programmable electrically braked ergometer. AB - Research protocols require that the actual braking power (Wb) of electrically braked ergometers (EBE) is precisely set at the chosen power level, stable, and universally programmable. No commercially available EBEs appear to meet jointly the above conditions. In fact, EBE settings were found to deviate up to 25% from the reference level (WR), their Wb to drop as a result of increased temperature as much as 30% within 1 h of continuous operation, and the programming features to be limited and rigid. To overcome the above pitfalls a procedure for building or improving EBEs is presented whereby 1) the stator of the brake used as a dynamometer is mounted on ball bearings, the torque being transmitted to a strain gauge; 2) the number of revolutions of the rotor is measured on a cogwheel by a proximity detector and an impulse counter; and 3) the torque and impulse number signals are fed into a low-priced microcomputer controlling the brake's power supply. The device has proved to be satisfactory in following any preprogrammed exercise-forcing functions. In the range approximately 10-500 W, Wb = WR +/- 1%. PMID- 6688616 TI - Bone changes in hypercalcemia of malignancy in dogs. AB - Bone was collected for trabecular bone morphometry from 6 dogs with hypercalcemia of malignancy. Five of the dogs had lymphosarcoma and 1 had an anal sac apocrine gland carcinoma with vertebral metastases. Parathyroid gland weights varied around normal, with those for 1 dog being slightly low and those for another dog being moderately increased. As a group, the dogs had decreased bone volume, with increased resorption surfaces and increased numbers of osteoclasts. In 4 dogs, osteoid seams and osteoblasts were limited in extent and this distinguished them from dogs with hyperparathyroidism. Although most dogs had received corticosteroids, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment, the bone changes in these dogs were similar to 1 dog that had not received treatment. Also, the changes could not be related to uremia or renal mineralization that had developed in 2 of the dogs. Two of the dogs had somewhat greater amounts of osteoid-covered surface and slightly widened osteoid seams, ie, findings more like those of hyperparathyroidism. One of these dogs had anal sac apocrine gland carcinoma and the other had lymphosarcoma in which there was invasion of the bone cortex at the sampling site. It was concluded that bone remodeling changes do occur in hypercalcemia of malignancy and that these changes are varied and often are not those of hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6688617 TI - Reactions in dogs given ivermectin. PMID- 6688618 TI - Heterologous ovum penetration test and seminal parameters in fertile and infertile men. AB - Sperm penetration rates in the heterologous ovum penetration test were correlated with results of routine semen analysis in 30 fertile and 50 infertile men. There was no difference in penetration rates when comparing infertile men with normal and abnormal seminal parameters, nor was any difference seen between fertile (15 83%) and infertile men (8-83%). Of the 22 infertile men with normal seminal characteristics, seven had partners with no discernible reproductive dysfunction. The penetration rates of these men (38-81%) did not differ from those of fertile men. Stepwise regression analysis of seminal characteristics, with penetration as the dependent variable, indicated that sperm count and morphology are the most important seminal parameters for fertility assessment. Discrimination analysis revealed that sperm numbers and morphologic variables provide significant information for discriminating between fertile men and infertile men with normal or abnormal seminal characteristics. Sperm penetration and motility were not indicated as important factors. The present data suggest that, in unselected male patients seeking reproductive evaluation, the sperm penetration assay did not yield any additional information on the cause of infertility. PMID- 6688619 TI - Recent trends in thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 6688620 TI - Enzymatic depolymerization of emulsan. AB - Emulsan, the polyanionic emulsifying agent synthesized by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1, was depolymerized by an enzyme obtained from a soil bacterium YUV-1. The extracellular emulsan depolymerase was produced when strains RAG-1 and YUV-1 were grown together on agar medium. The enzyme was extracted from the agar and concentrated by ultrafiltration and ammonium sulfate precipitation. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 89,000. Emulsan depolymerase activity was due to an eliminase reaction which split glycosidic linkages within the heteropolysaccharide backbone of emulsan to generate reducing groups and alpha, beta-unsaturated uronides with an absorbance maximum of 233 nm. Deesterified emulsan was degraded by emulsan depolymerase at only 27% of the rate of the native polymer. The treatment of emulsan solutions with emulsan depolymerase for brief periods caused a rapid and parallel drop in viscosity and emulsifying activity. More than 75% of the viscosity and emulsifying activity was lost at a time when less than 0.5% of the glycosidic linkages were broken. These data indicate that (i) emulsan depolymerase is an endoglycosidase and (ii) the higher the molecular weight of emulsan, the greater its emulsifying activity. Exhaustive digestion of emulsan with emulsan depolymerase produced oligosaccharides with a number average molecular weight of about 3,000. The fractionation of the digest on Bio-Gel P-6 yielded four broad peaks. The pooled fractions from each of the peaks contained the same relative amounts of reducing sugar and had an absorbance at 233 nm. The molar ratio of esterified sugar to reducing groups was close to 2 in each fraction. PMID- 6688621 TI - Active site-directed inhibitors of cytochrome P-450scc. Structural and mechanistic implications of a side chain-substituted series of amino-steroids. AB - A series of analogues of cholesterol, each having a shortened side chain and a primary amine group, were prepared and tested for their effects on bovine adrenocortical cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 (P-450scc). A previous study had shown that one derivative, 22-amino-23,24-bisnor-5-cholen-3 beta-ol, is a potent competitive inhibitor of the enzyme and forms a complex in which the steroid ring binds to the cholesterol site and the side chain amine forms a bond with the heme iron (Sheets, J. J., and Vickery, L. E. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 5773-5777). In the studies reported here, the 23 amine derivative, 23-amino-24-nor-5-cholen-3 beta-ol, was found to be an equally potent inhibitor and to be competitive with respect to cholesterol (Ki = 38 nM). Binding of the 23-amine to P-450scc also caused formation of a low spin complex with an absorption maximum at 422 nm, indicative of a nitrogen-donor ligand. Other derivatives in which the side chain amine was linked closer to the steroid, 17 beta-amino-5-androsten-3 beta-ol and (20 R + S)-20-amino-5-pregnen-3 beta-ol, were found to be only very weak inhibitors (I50 greater than 100 microM) and did not produce the 422 nm spectral form when bound. Derivatives in which the amine was attached a greater distance from the steroid ring, 24-amino-5-cholen-3 beta ol and 25-amino-26,27-bisnor-5-cholesten-3 beta-ol, caused a progressive decrease in inhibitory potency and a failure to produce the 422 nm form on binding. The dependence of the type of interaction of these amino-steroids with P-450scc upon the amine position establishes that the steroid binding site and the heme catalytic site of the enzyme are fixed within a specific distance of one another. The heme appears to be located sufficiently close to the position that the side chain of cholesterol would occupy to allow for direct attack of an iron-bound oxidant to occur during hydroxylation and side chain cleavage. PMID- 6688622 TI - Bovine ferrochelatase. Kinetic analysis of inhibition by N-methylprotoporphyrin, manganese, and heme. AB - The terminal enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway, ferrochelatase (protoheme ferrolyase EC 4.99.1.1), has been purified to apparent homogeneity from bovine liver mitochondria using a scheme similar to that reported by Taketani and Tokunaga (Taketani, S. and Tokunaga, R. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 12748-12753) for purification of the enzyme from rat liver. The final yield was 49% with a 2000-fold purification. Ferrochelatase has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 40,000 by both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and column chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B in the presence of 0.5% sodium cholate. The purified enzyme was only slightly stimulated by added lipid and was inhibited by Mn2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+. Bovine ferrochelatase utilized proto-, meso-, and deuteroporphyrin, but not disubstituted porphyrins (2,4 disulfonic and 2,4-bisglycol deuteroporphyrin). N-Methylprotoporphyrin, a toxic by-product of the metabolism of some drugs, was found to inhibit ferrochelatase in a competitive fashion with respect to porphyrin with a Ki of 7 nM and uncompetitive with respect to iron. Manganese inhibits ferrochelatase competitively with respect to iron (Ki = 15 microM) and noncompetitively with respect to the porphyrin substrate. Heme, one of the products, is a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to iron. These findings lead to a sequential Bi Bi kinetic model for ferrochelatase with iron binding occurring prior to porphyrin binding and heme being released prior to the release of two protons. PMID- 6688623 TI - Regulation of contraction and thick filament assembly-disassembly in glycerinated vertebrate smooth muscle cells. AB - Isolated smooth muscle cells and cell fragments prepared by glycerination and subsequent homogenization will contract to one-third their normal length, provided Ca++ and ATP are present. Ca++-independent contraction was obtained by preincubation in Ca++ and ATP gamma S, or by addition of trypsin-treated myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) that no longer requires Ca++ for activation. In the absence of Ca++, myosin was rapidly lost from the cells upon addition of ATP. Glycerol-urea-PAGE gels showed that none of this myosin is phosphorylated. The extent of myosin loss was ATP- and pH-dependent and occurred under conditions similar to those previously reported for the in vitro disassembly of gizzard myosin filaments. Ca++-dependent contraction was restored to extracted cells by addition of gizzard myosin under rigor conditions (i.e., no ATP), followed by addition of MLCK, calmodulin, Ca++, and ATP. Function could also be restored by adding all these proteins in relaxing conditions (i.e., in EGTA and ATP) and then initiating contraction by Ca++ addition. Incubation with skeletal myosin will restore contraction, but this was not Ca++-dependent unless the cells were first incubated in troponin and tropomyosin. These results strengthen the idea that contraction in glycerinated cells and presumably also in intact cells is primarily thick filament regulated via MLCK, that the myosin filaments are unstable in relaxing conditions, and that the spatial information required for cell length change is present in the thin filament-intermediate filament organization. PMID- 6688624 TI - Kinetic parameters of hexose transport in hybrids between malignant and nonmalignant cells. AB - Matched pairs of isogeneic hybrid cells, in which one member of the pair was malignant and the other not, were used to examine the linkage between malignancy and functional alterations in hexose transport. The kinetic parameters of uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose were measured in a range of such hybrids, both human and murine. Some other malignant cell lines were also examined and were compared with non-tumorigenic derivatives of tumour cells selected by exposure to the lectin, wheat-germ agglutinin. In every case, malignancy, as defined by the ability of cells to grow progressively in vivo, was found to be linked to a decrease in the Michaelis constant of hexose uptake. Independent measurement of the transport and phosphorylation reactions involved in hexose uptake revealed that this decrease was determined by the membrane transport system. The difference in Michaelis constant between malignant and non-malignant cells was observed with 3-O methylglucose, a hexose that is transported into the cell but not further metabolized. The activity of hexokinase in cell homogenates was higher than the level that would be required to cope with transport and showed no correlation with tumorigenicity. Measurement of the uptake of D-glucose itself, by a rapid filtration centrifugation method, gave results similar to those obtained with 2 deoxy-D-glucose. PMID- 6688625 TI - Computerized dietary analysis systems: a comparative view. AB - The computerized dietary analysis system that was in use at Tufts University/Frances Stern Nutrition Center and two commercially available systems were compared in a study examining differences between systems. Content, software, data base maintenance, and cost were among the characteristics in which they differed. Calculations on three-day food records provided by five omnivore and five vegetarian women differed from one system to the next. Significant differences were noted for total kilocalories, total fat, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and phosphorus. Unfortunately, it was not possible to describe the degree to which each of the many possible causes of variability may have contributed to the differences in nutrient calculations. However, coding activity did not appear to influence nutrient calculations within one system in a significant manner when skilled coders were employed. We conclude that differences observed in dietary studies using different computerized dietary analysis systems may be due in part not to real differences in subjects but rather to the system employed. Valid reference standards against which each nutrient value can be compared to ascertain exactly what these errors are do not exist. All the information consumers need to make useful comparisons among the various computerized dietary analysis systems is not yet available in a standardized format and is eagerly awaited by this and other groups. PMID- 6688626 TI - Identification and characterization of circulating thyroid hormone autoantibodies in thyroid diseases, in autoimmune non thyroid illnesses and in lymphoreticular system disorders. PMID- 6688627 TI - Actin and secretion of surfactant. AB - Type II cells were examined in situ in order to study the role played by actin filaments in secretion of surfactant. Following beta-adrenergic stimulation, the number of lamellar bodies per cell profile decreased substantially, an indication that exocytosis had occurred. In isoproterenol-stimulated cells decoration of actin by S1 revealed greater numbers of filaments associated with lamellar bodies, free in the cytoplasm, and associated with the cellular apex than in control cells. If cells were treated prior to beta-agonist stimulation with cytochalasin D, a drug which disrupts filamentous actin, the secretory response to the agonist was abolished. Together these two observations suggest that actin filaments participate in the intracellular movement and/or extrusion of lamellar bodies from the cells. PMID- 6688628 TI - Therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic combination chemotherapy in ovarian "mature" teratoma. AB - Unintentionally, a mature ovarian teratoma was treated by cytotoxic chemotherapy from an early stage. In spite of the normal appearance of the left ovary at the time of the first operation on the right ovarian immature teratoma, a cystic tumor was found in the left ovary after ten courses of postoperative multi-drug (vincristine, actinomycin D and cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy. This neoplasm was enucleated from the left ovary and was confirmed histologically to be a fully mature teratoma at the time of the second look operation, although no recurrent or implanted lesions of immature tissues were revealed at that time. From these findings, it was supposed that the cytotoxic regimen did not affect the development of the mature teratoma. When considering the therapeutic significance of cytotoxic chemotherapy in the management of teratoma, it is important to realize the intractable nature of the mature elements as a factor resistant to cytotoxic methods. PMID- 6688629 TI - Development of a regional computerized cancer registry and its impact on medical care. AB - The Brockton Hospital Cancer Registry Program was developed to answer the data needs of the Southeastern Massachusetts region. Expansion of the computer system resulted in a data base that impacts in five areas of medical care. Registry data have been used to determine worthwhile screening sites, help institute new treatments, analyze patient survival, aid in patient follow-up, and upgrade hospital cancer programs. The extent of this impact and the usefulness of the registry in the region is discussed. PMID- 6688630 TI - Medical computing in the 1980s. Operating system and programming language issues. AB - Operating systems and programming languages differ widely in their suitability for particular applications. The diversity of medical computing needs demands a diversity of solutions. Compounding this diversity if the decentralization caused by evolution of local computing systems for local needs. Relevant current trends in computing include increased emphasis on decentralization, growing capabilities for interconnection of diverse systems, and development of common data base and file server capabilities. In addition, standardization and hardware in dependence of operating systems, as well as programming languages and development of programmerless systems, continue to widen application opportunities. PMID- 6688631 TI - Aetiology of hyperthyroidism in Canada and Wales. AB - A retrospective, comparative review of 100 consecutive new outpatients presenting with hyperthyroidism in Cardiff, South Wales, and in Toronto, Canada, was performed. The aim was to quantify the causes of hyperthyroidism with particular emphasis on the prevalence of viral thyroiditis and "silent" thyroiditis. The proportional morbidity of Graves' disease (approximately 70%) was similar in the two groups. Toxic multinodular goitre and toxic adenoma (Plummers' disease) occurred significantly more frequently in Cardiff (25% v 8%), whereas thyroiditis predominated in Toronto (17% v 1%). PMID- 6688632 TI - Polyspermy inhibition in the oyster, Crassostrea virginica. AB - Inhibition of polyspermy is a critical response during fertilization which ensures that only one sperm nucleus will fuse with the female pronucleus to restore the diploid state. Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) eggs prevent polyspermy by a process occurring at the cell surface. However, 5 min after fertilization, there are still functional sperm receptor sites available for penetration by supernumerary sperm. Reinsemination experiments indicate that there is no decrease in the number of penetration sites during this interval. Yet, the number of sperm entering eggs is restricted to one per fertilized egg at a sperm:egg ratio of 1000:1. At a sperm:egg ratio of 10(5):1, an average of only six sperm were able to penetrate each egg. Gamete binding experiments indicate that there is a gradual decrease in the number of sperm bound to eggs starting at approximately 75 sec and continuing until all sperm are detached. Since eggs are fertilized within seconds of insemination and this process takes at least 12 min, it is considered an unlikely mechanism for the polyspermy block. There are no ultrastructural correlates to the polyspermy block nor to the unbinding of sperm, such as secretion of cortical granules or fertilization envelope formation. Based on reinsemination experiments, kinetic data, and ultrastructural observations, we suggest a physiological block to polyspermy which prevents fusion of gamete plasma membranes, and is mediated by an inhibitory effect directly upon the sperm. PMID- 6688633 TI - Glycoprotein properties of the solubilized atrial muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. AB - The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor from porcine atria exhibits sialoglycoprotein characteristics based on its sensitivity to neuraminidase digestion and its ability to interact specifically with lectin affinity resins when solubilized with a digitonin/cholate mixed detergent system. Differential lectin binding properties of the neuraminidase-treated and untreated receptor suggest that high-affinity binding to immobilized wheat germ agglutinin is accomplished through the presence of both terminal sialic acid and internal N acetylglucosamine or its beta(1 leads to 4)-linked oligomers. PMID- 6688634 TI - Induction of heme oxygenase and inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase of rat liver by thioacetamide and thioacetamide-S-oxide. AB - Thioacetamide and one of its metabolite, thioacetamide-S-oxide, were shown to increase heme oxygenase and to inhibit delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase when administered in vivo to male rats. Concomitant with the increase of heme oxygenase and the decrease of ALA synthetase, concentration of cytochrome P-450 and drug metabolizing enzyme activities were decreased by in vivo administration of thioacetamide and thioacetamide-S-oxide to rats. The results of these studies indicate that thioacetamide and thioacetamide-S-oxide are not only inhibitor of ALA synthetase, but also inducer of heme oxygenase in rats. Further, thioacetamide-S-oxide is generally more effective than thioacetamide with respect to the effects on cytochrome P-450, ALA synthetase and heme oxygenase. PMID- 6688635 TI - Absolute and relative bioavailability of oral acetaminophen preparations. AB - Eighteen healthy volunteers received single 650-mg doses of acetaminophen by 5 min intravenous infusion, in tablet form by mouth in the fasting state, and in elixir form orally in the fasting state in a three-way crossover study. An additional eight subjects received two 325-mg tablets from two commercial vendors in a randomized crossover fashion. Concentrations of acetaminophen in multiple plasma samples collected during the 12-hr period after each dose were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Following a lag time averaging 3-4 min, absorption of oral acetaminophen was first order, with apparent absorption half-life values averaging 8.4 (elixir) and 11.4 (tablet) min. The mean time-to peak concentration was significantly longer after tablet (0.75 hr) than after elixir (0.48 hr) administration. Peak plasma concentrations and elimination half lives were similar following both preparations. Absolute systemic availability of the elixir (87%) was significantly greater than for the tablets (79%). Two commercially available tablet formulations did not differ significantly in peak plasma concentrations, time-to-peak, or total area under the plasma concentration curve and therefore were judged to be bioequivalent. PMID- 6688636 TI - The effect of vasopressin on renal blood flow and its distribution in the rat. AB - Anaesthetized Brattleboro rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus were infused with vasopressin at three different doses (1.3, 13 or 130 mu./hr) in order to study the effect of the hormone on renal blood flow and its distribution. Radioactive microspheres were used to determine intrarenal blood flow. The plasma vasopressin level during infusion of the lowest dose was calculated to be within the physiological range. At this dose vasopressin was antidiuretic but was without effect on arterial blood pressure or solute excretion, whereas the two higher doses were both pressor and natriuretic. All doses of vasopressin increased renal vascular resistance and decreased renal blood flow. The vasoconstrictor effect of the lowest dose was confined to the outer cortex, whereas the two higher doses affected the entire cortex. In separate experiments, [1-(beta-mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid), 2(O-methyl) tyrosine] arginine vasopressin, an antagonist of the vascular action of vasopressin, was administered to anaesthetized Long Evans or Brattleboro rats. In the Long Evans rats the antagonist caused a decrease in renal vascular resistance and a consequent increase in renal blood flow, this effect being restricted to the outer cortex. In Brattleboro rats the antagonist had no effect on renal vascular resistance or renal blood flow. It is concluded that physiological levels of vasopressin influence the distribution of renal blood flow by causing vasoconstriction in the outer region of the renal cortex. Higher levels of the hormone increase vascular resistance throughout the cortex. PMID- 6688637 TI - Sites and mechanism of action for the effects of intrathecal noradrenaline on thermoregulation in the rat. AB - 1. In unanaesthetized rats, intrathecal injection of 0.30 mumole noradrenaline (NA) at the level of the lumbar enlargement produced a transient rise in core temperature followed by prolonged hypothermia and tail skin vasodilation.2. Studies of the distribution of [(3)H]NA injected at the lumbar enlargement revealed that at least 97% of the activity recovered from the central nervous system was located in the spinal cord, primarily within the thoracic and upper lumbar segments. Thus, the thermoregulatory effects of intrathecal NA are not likely to be due to an action at supraspinal sites.3. Studies with [(3)H]NA also indicated that significant levels of unmetabolized labelled NA were present in plasma as early as 3 min after intrathecal injection. However, by 15 min after injection, 75% of this radioactivity had disappeared. There was a good temporal correlation between the transient appearance of high levels of NA in plasma and the initial hyperthermic effect of NA. Moreover, the hyperthermia was not inhibited by mecamylamine-induced ganglionic blockade. These results indicate that the initial hyperthermic effect of intrathecal NA is due to a direct action of this monoamine at peripheral sites subsequent to leakage from the spinal subarachnoid space.4. In anaesthetized rats, NA (0.30 mumole) and clonidine (0.035 mumole) injected intrathecally at the lumbar enlargement produced a sustained decrease in neural activity recorded from the lumbar sympathetic chain, a finding which suggests that the vasodilation and hypothermia produced by intrathecal NA are due to an inhibition of sympathetic outflow.5. To investigate the spinal site of action of NA on thermoregulation, rats were prepared with spinal catheters which extended either to the upper cervical region or the lower sacral area. Studies with [(3)H]NA showed that these modifications of the catheter lengths altered the accessability of NA to the intermediolateral nucleus (i.m.l.) of the spinal cord. Injections of NA through the cervical and sacral catheters elicited thermoregulatory effects which differed from those elicited by injections near the lumbar enlargement. The differences were consistent with the hypothesis that the hypothermia and tail skin vasodilation elicited by NA injected at the lumbar enlargement are mediated, at least in part, via a direct inhibitory effect of this monoamine on sympathetic preganglionic neurones located in the i.m.l.6. The effect on mean arterial blood pressure of intrathecal injection of NA (0.30 mumole) at the lumbar enlargement was examined in unanaesthetized rats fitted with chronic arterial catheters. These injections produced an immediate increase in blood pressure. However, this effect was transient and, during most of the time when NA-induced vasodilation and hypothermia were present, blood pressure was normal or only slightly elevated. Thus, it is not likely that a baroreceptor-mediated reflex inhibition of sympathetic outflow contributed significantly to the vasodilatory or hypothermic action of NA. PMID- 6688638 TI - Comment: software and the FDA. PMID- 6688640 TI - [Immunosuppressive acidic glycoprotein (IAP) and immunosuppressive substance]. AB - Serum IAP and IS levels were studied in patients with stomach cancer. We found that the serum levels of IAP and IS increased as the disease progressed; their true positive rates as tumor markers were 49.3% and 39.8%, respectively. There was some delicate difference between these glycoproteins and T-cell subpopulation. IAP and IS correlated well with a correlation coefficient of 0.847, their value in clinical oncology are thought to be equivalent. Some difference was found between their substances and ASP, this might indicate the heterogeneous nature of the circulating glycoproteins in varying cancer-bearing status. PMID- 6688639 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of the nucleoprotein gene of influenza B virus. AB - A DNA copy of influenza B/Singapore/222/79 viral RNA segment 5, containing the gene coding for the nucleoprotein (NP), has been cloned in Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322, and its nucleotide sequence has been determined. The influenza B NP gene contains 1,839 nucleotides and codes for a protein of 560 amino acids with a molecular weight of 61,593. Comparison of the influenza B NP amino acid sequence with that of influenza A NP (A/PR/8/34) reveals 37% direct homology in the aligned regions, indicating a common ancestor. However, influenza B NP has an additional 50 amino acids at its N-terminal end. As is the case with influenza A NP, influenza B NP is a basic protein, with its charged residues relatively evenly distributed rather than clustered. The structural homology suggests functional similarity between the NP of influenza A and B viruses. PMID- 6688641 TI - [Combination chemotherapy for advanced diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in relapse following local radiotherapy]. PMID- 6688642 TI - Unilateral nephrectomy and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - Several renal functions respond to nephron loss by a compensatory adaptation. Whether the production of 1,25(OH)2D3 also adapts to a renal mass reduction is still a matter of controversy. In the present study we have investigated in rats the influence of unilateral nephrectomy, in both the acute (48 hr) and chronic (2 to 6 weeks) state, on plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 level measured by competitive protein binding assay. In the acute state no difference in plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 level between sham-operated (SHAM) and unilateral-nephrectomized (UNI-NX) rats was found. The presence of the thyroparathyroid glands was not required for maintaining plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 at a normal level 48 hr after UNI-NX. In the chronic state in rats fed at 1.1% Ca diet, plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 (means +/- SEM) was 94 +/- 4 in SHAM and 98 +/- 8 pM in UNI-NX. In rats fed a 0.1% Ca diet it was 252 +/- 16 in SHAM and 239 +/- 20 pM in UNI-NX. Analysis of 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 plasma decay curve indicated that in UNI-NX under a high calcium diet the normalization of plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 appears to be entirely due to an increase in production, whereas under a low calcium diet part of it may also result from a moderate decrease in the elimination rate. In conclusion, this study indicates that unilateral nephrectomy does not affect the level of plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 even under a calcium restriction challenge. This compensatory adaptation appears to be independent of parathyroid hormone. PMID- 6688643 TI - [Effect of 5-fluorouracil on immunologic reactivity of patients with destructive pancreatitis]. PMID- 6688644 TI - Telecomputer treatment for aphasia. PMID- 6688645 TI - Kinetic analysis of plasma VLDL-TG and VLDL-remnant-TG turnover in anesthetized rats. PMID- 6688646 TI - Bovine pulmonary surfactant: chemical composition and physical properties. AB - Bovine pulmonary surfactant was obtained by endotracheal lavage of lungs from newly slaughtered cows followed by differential centrifugation. Lipid extracts of bovine surfactant contained 3% neutral lipid, mainly as cholesterol and diacylglycerol and 97% phospholipid. Phosphatidylcholine (79%) and phosphatidylglycerol (11%) accounted for most of the phospholipids with smaller amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, lyso-bis-phosphatidic acid and sphingomyelin. Fatty acid analysis revealed high levels of palmitate in phosphatidylcholine and to a lesser extent phosphatidylglycerol, but not in the other diacylphospholipids. Phosphatidylcholine was 53% disaturated and phosphatidylglycerol was 23% disaturated. Monoenoic species accounted for the major proportion of the remaining lipid. The protein content was 10% as estimated by the Lowry procedure and 5% when determined by amino acid analysis. Extraction with chloroform/methanol removed ca. 90% of the protein but had no effect on the surfactant properties as evaluated by a pulsating bubble technique. PMID- 6688647 TI - [Twice daily irradiation of nasopharyngeal lymphosarcomas and cancer]. AB - The authors present the preliminary results of double daily irradiation with a 4 hour interval of patients with rhinopharyngeal cancer (30 persons) and lymphosarcoma (18). This irradiation variant was well tolerated; all the patients received radiotherapy in accordance with the plan of irradiating tumors with mean focal doses of 70-76 Gy for rhinopharyngeal cancer and 40-50 Gy for lymphosarcoma. Complete tumor regression by the end of radiotherapy was achieved in 75%, partial in 25% of patients with rhinopharyngeal cancer. In lymphosarcoma, these figures were 80 and 20%, respectively. No late injuries of the normal tissues after 6-36 months were noted in patients. PMID- 6688648 TI - [Statistical analysis of the results of the combined treatment of rectal cancer]. AB - Statistical processing of the results of combined treatment of 131 patients with rectal cancer using factor and regression analysis has shown that the stage and period of disease, tumor growth depth and radiation changes in tumorous tissues produce a considerable effect on the patients' lifetime. The authors found a respective discriminant function that made it possible to single out a group of patients with a high risk of mortality. PMID- 6688649 TI - [Radiation pericarditis following treatment of lymphogranulomatosis]. AB - Cases of radiation pericarditis among 707 patients with Hodgkin's disease after irradiation of the mediastinum were analysed. In 100 patients irradiation was combined with polychemotherapy in cycles, SORR scheme. Radiation exudative pericarditis was noted in 2.6% of patients. Later on an adhesive process was diagnosed in some of patients. Radiation pericarditis was accompanied either by feebly marked signs or no signs at all. In cases of a lingering course (over 24 mos.) of the disease surgical intervention is indicated. The frequency of radiation complications caused by pericarditis depends on the volume of irradiation and, to a lesser degree, on the value of a summary focal dose delivered to the heart within the range of 31-45 Gy. For prevention the heart should be shielded with lead blocks. PMID- 6688650 TI - [Computer software support for the procedures of processing and interpreting biomedical information]. AB - Some organizational arrangements to design and develop software for processing and interpreting biomedical data are considered. Special attention is paid to algorithms of simulator constructing and to simulator stability as well. PMID- 6688651 TI - [Automated unit complex for analyzing biomedical signals in a mass population screening system]. AB - Some features of automating processes of biomedical signal analysis are considered. An actual complex of algorithms and programs realized on the homemade hardware is taken as an example. Practical recommendations to improve similar complexes being in current use in outpatient clinics are given. PMID- 6688652 TI - Analysis of network flow distribution: computational aid to minimize experimental expenditure. AB - Several problems in microvascular research, e.g., total blood flow and red cell flux distribution, can only be solved by evaluating the flow distribution to all branches of microvessel networks. We present a method to obtain values of volumetric blood flow and red cell flux in individual networks by taking measurements in an adequately chosen number of the vessels (50-33%) in the network. Actual measurements are not mandatory in all vessels because in a major part of them computational quantification of flows and fluxes is possible. The proposed method consists of a procedure to document in matrix form the connections of a network found in a preparation. By appropriate mathematical manipulations of the matrix, a preselection of measuring sites within the network can be achieved. From the flow values in these sites the remaining vessel flows can be calculated by utilizing the law of mass conservation in all branching points and confluxes. The worst case error of the procedure can be calculated from the errors of the single measurements. The method can also be applied, whenever, for experimental reasons (e.g., poor microscopic focus, flow too rapid or too slow), certain branches do not lend themselves for measurement. A BASIC program can be made available upon request, which carries out all calculations necessary for an appropriate selection in such a short time (about 1 min) so that it can easily be performed before the start of data acquisition. PMID- 6688653 TI - KEKEPI: a computer program for simulating the therapeutic responses of patients suffering from idiopathic epilepsy. AB - A computer program for simulation of the clinical responses of patients to drugs used in the treatment of epilepsy is described and exemplified. An underlying pharmacokinetic model is used to calculate the results of tests, response to treatment and occurrence of side effects. PMID- 6688654 TI - [Azidocillin and streptococcal infections: pharmacokinetics and clinical aspects]. PMID- 6688655 TI - Should sperm donors be screened for sexually transmitted diseases? PMID- 6688656 TI - Detoxification and nutritional evaluation of solvent extracted Egyptian cottonseed meal. AB - Attempts for degossypolization of the solvent extracted Egyptian cottonseed meal (CSM) and evaluation of its nutritional value as a possible protein supplement for human feeding were undertaken. Three methods were applied for degossypolization: Steaming, addition of iron(II)-sulphate dihydrate, and steaming after addition of iron(II)-sulphate dihydrate. Steaming was done for varying periods of time. Nutritional evaluation was undertaken by chemical analysis and by feeding experiments. Chemically, the third method for degossypolization was the most effective. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency for diets containing 15 and 10% levels of CSM protein indicated that all treatments used for detoxification caused a decrease in diet and protein quality. Diets containing iron-supplemented CSM at the same level were the best of all. Mixing CSM with casein to form a diet containing 10% protein increases the protein quality of both casein and CSM. PMID- 6688657 TI - Estimation of the daily intake of nitrates and nitrites which children one to six years old, who attend State Nurseries in the City of Havanna, may consume. AB - The knowledge of the amounts of nitrates and nitrites consumed by the child population is of great importance due to three fundamental aspects: Reduction of nitrates to nitrites. Relation of these to methemoglobinemia. Carcinogenicity of the N-nitroso compounds, of which nitrites are the precursors. In the present article information is given as to the estimated amounts of nitrates and nitrites, which about 10 000 children between one and six years of age, who attend State Nurseries in the City of Havanna, may consume through the daily intake of food, milk and water offered by the Centralized Kitchen "Cuba-Finland Friendship". The method of analysis used to determine nitrates and nitrites is that reported by the Mixed Committee FAO/OMS in 1976, using a reducing column containing cadmium described by FOLLET et al. in 1963. The statistical method employed is the t-Test of the comparison of media. Estimated quantities of nitrates and nitrites, which these children may consume according to the offer of food, milk and water they receive, are: 25.6 mg of NaNO3 and 1.04 mg of NaNO2 for children one to three years of age, and 36.1 mg of NaNO3 and 1.48 mg of NaNO2 for children four to six. These values lie under those recommended as admissible daily intake reported by the Mixed Committee FAO/OMS. Therefore, there does not seem to exist a risk to health through consumption of nitrates and nitrites by the population under investigation. PMID- 6688659 TI - A simultaneous study of the polymorphism of five proteins in the serum and the urine of nephrotic patients. AB - The phenotypes of the haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (Cp), group-specific component (Gc), transferrin (Tf), and third component of complement (C3) were determined simultaneously in the serum and urine of patients with proteinuria secondary to nephrotic syndrome of various types. In a large number of cases the patterns of Hp, Cp, and C3 phenotypes in the urine showed marked deviations from those in the corresponding serum either in the mobility or the number of their electrophoretic bands. The monomeric Hp and the Cp were found to have a very augmented urine/serum ration in some cases. Such differences were not detected in the electrophoretic appearance of the Gc and Tf phenotypes. Our results imply that in the proteinuria of the nephrotic syndrome, factors other than molecular weight interfere in the passage of proteins through the glomerular wall. PMID- 6688660 TI - Intrathecal steroid therapy for post-traumatic visual disturbance. AB - We have given intrathecal injections of dexamethasone more than 2000 times for approximately 200 cases with visual disturbance and 20 cases with sciatic pain. An injection of 8 mg was given once or twice a week until a total dose of 80 to 100 mg was given. Six of the 14 cases that were thus treated in their chronic stage for post-traumatic visual disturbance showed various degrees of improvement in visual fields and acuity. There were no serious complications in this series. It is concluded that intrathecal steroid injection is effective in certain cases of post-traumatic visual impairment. PMID- 6688658 TI - Effects of intrathecally administered pentobarbital and naloxone on the activity evoked in ascending axons of the rat spinal cord by stimulation of afferent A and C fibres. Further evidence for a tonic endorphinergic inhibition in nociception. AB - The effects of intrathecally administered pentobarbital and naloxone on activity in ascending axons were determined in decerebrate rats with the spinal cord transected at the lower thoracic level. Activity in ascending axons of the spinal cord was recorded below the site of transection and evoked by electrical stimulation of afferent A beta, A delta or C fibres in the sural nerve. Pentobarbital 250 micrograms depressed activity evoked by stimulation of non nociceptive A beta and nociceptive C fibres; it did not change activity in response to stimulation of A delta fibres. A low dose (100 micrograms) had no effect of A beta and C fibre-evoked activity but depressed spontaneous activity in the ascending axons. Naloxone 5 micrograms enhanced the spontaneous and evoked activities only in those ascending axons which responded to C fibre stimulation. Pretreatment with pentobarbital 250 micrograms prevented the facilitation by naloxone of C fibre-evoked activity. Naloxone was ineffective even when it was administered in a dose of 100 micrograms simultaneously with pentobarbital. Intrathecal injections of magnesium chloride depressed spontaneous and C fibre evoked activities and markedly reduced the facilitatory effect of naloxone. It is concluded that nociceptive C fibre-evoked activity is subject to the inhibitory control of endorphinergic neurones and that naloxone facilitates this activity by producing release from inhibition. PMID- 6688661 TI - The effect of a vasopressin antagonist on the pressor response to histamine administered centrally. AB - The mechanism for the pressor response to intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered histamine was studied. Histamine (HA), when injected intracerebroventricularly in rats, produced a dose-dependent increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) which was subject to tachyphylaxis. Spinal transection at C-7 in the anesthetized rat did not attenuate the rise in blood pressure. The possibility that the release of 8-arginine vasopressin was responsible for the rise in blood pressure was explored. By pretreating conscious freely-moving rats with a specific antagonist to the vasopressor action of vasopressin viz., [1-beta mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethyleneproprionic acid), 2-(O-methyl) tyrosine] arginine-vasopressin, there was a statistically-significant attenuation of the pressor response to intracerebroventricularly administered histamine. The antagonist however, did not totally abolish the pressor response, regardless of the dose employed. Concomitant administration of hexamethonium and the vasopressin antagonist did not further attenuate the response. Previous adrenal demedullation did not diminish the response to intracerebroventricularly administered histamine, nor was there any evidence for release of angiotensin II since pretreatment with saralasin did not attenuate the cardiovascular response. These findings suggest that vasopressin along with other as yet undefined substances, are released from the central nervous system to produce the increase in blood pressure after intracerebroventricularly administered histamine. PMID- 6688663 TI - [Experimental chronic poisoning with raw cottonseed oil in monkeys: special reference to disorders of thermoregulation and injuries to the sex organs]. PMID- 6688662 TI - The spinothalamic tract in the primate: a re-examination using wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. AB - The sites of termination of the primate spinothalamic tract have been reinvestigated using the anterograde transport of wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Monkeys which received an injection of the conjugate at the spinal cervical level (C7-C8) displayed a "patchy" pattern of labelling in the coronal plane in the ventral posterior lateral and caudal ventrolateral nucleus. In three dimensional reconstructions this labelling appeared to be rod like in shape. A more homogeneous pattern of labelling was present in parts of the central lateral, posterior, suprageniculate, limitans, submedius, medial dorsal, paracentral, central medial, reuniens and periventricular nucleus. Lumbar injections (L2-L3) produced a similar although less intense pattern of labelling with only the ventral posterior lateral and ventrolateral nuclei displaying an obvious topological organization. Comparison of these results with previous physiological and pharmacological reports suggests several morphological functional correlations: first, that both the discriminative and motivational/arousal aspects of spinothalamic tract function, associated with the lateral and medial thalamic nuclei, respectively, may be conveyed by direct spinothalamic tract projections. In support of this hypothesis medial spinothalamic tract termination sites receive a homogeneous input which does not have an obvious topographical organization, whereas lateral spinothalamic tract termination sites receive a "patchy" pattern of terminals which are topographically organized; second, that the patchy pattern of labelling observed in the coronal plane in the lateral thalamus corresponds to a "rodlike" pattern of labelling in three dimensions. This "rodlike" pattern of labelling has previously been observed for medial lemniscal projections to the thalamus and has been postulated to be the thalamic equivalent of cortical "columns"; third, that there appears to be a tight overlap between spinothalamic tract terminals and opiate receptor binding in some medial but not lateral thalamic nuclei. Such an overlap may be indicative of a pharmacological difference in the types of spinothalamic tract inputs which could be modulated by opiates at the thalamic level. PMID- 6688664 TI - [Effect of raw cottonseed oil on the genital system of hens]. PMID- 6688666 TI - Information from data. Computer assisted techniques. AB - This paper discusses developments in computer systems which can facilitate medical research and medical care. System limitations and the importance of careful design are covered. Considerations in the selection of data for entry and in the type of data entered are also described. Included is a step-by-step analysis of the conversion of data into useful information. PMID- 6688665 TI - [Manifestations, diagnosis and therapy of burning sensation disease]. PMID- 6688668 TI - Software engineering: implications for computer users. PMID- 6688667 TI - Cholinolytic activity of 3-hydroxyquinuclidyl-1-phenyl-1-cyclohexyl-1-carboxylate hydrochloride (ANC-821). AB - Compound ANC-821 antagonized the action of acetylcholine on the rat ileum, counteracted oxotremorine-induced salivation and convulsions and pilocarpine induced salivation in mice and abolished acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm in rats. This shows that ANC-821 possesses cholinolytic properties, but it is much less potent in this respect than atropine. PMID- 6688669 TI - [Sexually transmitted infections diseases of the anus and the rectum]. PMID- 6688670 TI - Homosexually transmitted infections. PMID- 6688672 TI - The bioequivalence factor. PMID- 6688671 TI - Heterophile antigen common to human tissues and bovine erythrocytes. PMID- 6688673 TI - [The computer in radiology--medical letter generation and practice management with COMRAD]. AB - One year after introduction of the COMRAD EDP system of text processing to the radiological practice of the author, the advantages resulting for the physician and medical staff as well as for the transferring physician and their patients are presented and the economic efficiency is determined. The high capacity of COMRAD including the automatic text processing for a complete computer aided administration of medical practice and the accounting department, is based on the advanced technological development of microelectronics and combined with a user specific software. The hardware equipment enables multiprogram processing, data processing in on-line operation as well as short access-time of stored data, due to the rapid tracertechnology of the computer. The software equipment, with text processing and a medical practice administration system, permits the regular workload to be handled efficiently and reliable. The main issue is text processing using a text rail. An integrated part of the result output is the performance capacity enabling automatic settlement of accounts with health insurance agencies and privately insured patients. Statistical evaluation, for instance the daily performance efficiency of the practice can be recalled any time. An accounting system accounts receivable, accounts payable, payroll and general accounting supplements the software package enabling a computer aided handling of all administrative tasks required in a radiological practice. PMID- 6688674 TI - [Arthrography following sport injuries to the knee joint]. AB - The arthrography is one of the most important diagnostic methods of sport injuries of the knee joint. The examination must give an exact information to the surgeon; a good technique and standard X-rays are an absolute postulate. The submitted examinations are based on 6687 arthrographies during a period of 5 years. The arthrography should not be carried out before the acute symptomatology has ceased, usually after an interval of 2-3 weeks. Most frequently are the meniscus injuries by rotary traumas of the knee-joint. Football as the most popular sport is responsible for more than 50% of the injuries, followed by skiing, handball and jogging. PMID- 6688676 TI - Abstracts of the First International Symposium on Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and Related Peptides. Brussels, Belgium, September 14-16, 1983. PMID- 6688675 TI - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) reduces myocardial perfusion and inhibits the force of contraction of the isolated perfused rabbit heart. AB - Isolated rabbit hearts, perfused under constant pressure (Langendorff technique) were used to study the effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on heart rate, force of heart contraction and rate of myocardial perfusion. No significant net change in heart rate was noted. A dose-dependent negative inotropic effect was consistently demonstrated which was characterised by slow onset and was often preceded by a transient positive inotropic response. Addition of small doses of NPY resulted in a prompt reduction in flow of the perfusate through the coronary vasculature. Since NPY is present locally in cardiac nerves, these effects may have physiological importance. PMID- 6688677 TI - Stop and go particle transport in the peripheral airways? A model study. AB - Using an experimental model, it has been demonstrated that the compression and expansion of a monomolecular film permits a unidirectional transport of particles which are present on this film. The possibility of similar transport mechanisms in the peripheral airways is discussed as one can assume that analogous dynamic conditions exist in the peripheral airways for the surfactant film. PMID- 6688678 TI - The effect of fetal pulmonary surfactant production on the apparent microviscosity of amniotic fluid measured by fluorescence polarization. AB - The fluorescence properties of 1,6 diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) in human amniotic fluid from the 10--20th week and from the 36--40th week of gestation are investigated. The probe environment of two stages of fetal development are studied by measuring the effect of temperature on the fluorescence polarization of DPH. The temperature profiles of fluorescence polarization of DPH in amniotic fluid and in liposomes prepared from chloroform/methanol extracts of the fluid are compared to the temperature profiles of liposomes prepares from phospholipids of known composition. The DPH binding structures of human amniotic fluid are further characterized by fractionation of lipid bodies by centrifugation on a Ficoll density gradient. The major part of fluorescence in third trimester amniotic fluid is emitted by DPH bound to pulmonary lamellar lipid bodies. The DPH environment in early gestational amniotic fluid is a distinctly different structure, which is more rigid than both sphingomyelin and dipalmityl lecithin at temperatures above 40 degrees C, and which is not chloroform/methanol extractable. PMID- 6688679 TI - Prognostic significance of large mediastinal involvement in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Relapse rates of 75 patients with previously untreated Hodgkin's disease with stages I and II nodular sclerosis were analyzed according to the mediastinal involvement. The overall relapse rate was 22.6%. The probability of relapse was much greater for patients with large mediastinal involvement (66.6%) compared with 17% for patients with small mass, and 11.7% of patients without mediastinal involvement (P less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in recurrence rates between patients without mediastinal mass and patients with a small mass, and in these patients adjuvant chemotherapy MOPP after radiotherapy showed an evident benefit in reducing the relapse rate. On the other hand, no beneficial effect of adjuvant chemotherapy was observed in patients with large mediastinal involvement. Finally, in the 17 relapsing patients, 'salvage' chemotherapy was less effective in patients with large mediastinal mass than in those with small or no mediastinal involvement. PMID- 6688682 TI - Health systems as defences against the consequences of poverty: equity in health as social justice. AB - The main development problems in the Third World are known to be gross socioeconomic inequality, widespread poor health status accompanied by high fertility and infant mortality rates, low life expectancy, mass illiteracy and mass poverty. In most of these countries governments invest a great deal of scarce resources toward the consequences of poverty rather than it causes. The paucity of resources for such social services is exacerbated by continuously increasing demands and needs which have to be satisfied. Unmet needs tend to cause apathy in the population. For purposes of controlling poverty and its consequences, these must be clearly formulated and relevant policies, a commitment to implement such policies, adequate administrative capacity and reasonably adequate resources. In the case of the health services system, the same requirements apply. Above all, the health system has to be directed toward the greatest needs of the population. This must involve policy makers, implementors and the consumer community. This paper argues that health systems cannot be an effective weapon against the consequences of poverty unless the above kinds of policy exist and are implemented. PMID- 6688680 TI - Competing models for the analysis of red cell survival obtained with 51Cr labelling technique. AB - A computer program for the analysis of 51Cr labelled red cell survival data was used in 84 patients and 8 normal subjects to estimate the parameters of 7 competing models derived from different hypotheses of the red cell destruction process. The purpose was to establish the optimal complexity of a red cell survival model to be used. Senescence or random destruction were the most common identified patterns of red cell death (79% of the cases). Models assuming different levels of death probability according to the age of cells, or 2 populations of cells with different death probabilities, were selected in 21% of the cases. These latter patients were characterized by the lowest values of MRCL. The conclusion of the work was that an automatic procedure for selecting the best model of red cell destruction is necessary when information concerning the mechanism of red cell death is required. For the more practical aim of obtaining an accurate measurement of the MRCL, the minimal set of competing models should account of at least 2 different populations of cells in addition to the random or senescence destruction models. PMID- 6688681 TI - Differential gene expression in the gastrula of Xenopus laevis. AB - A modified cloning method designed to produce differential complementary DNA libraries permits the isolation of sequences that are present in the RNA population of any developmental stage or tissue, but are not present or are much less abundant in another stage or tissue. Selective complementary DNA cloning is especially useful when the differentially expressed RNA's are of low to moderate abundance in the cells in which they occur. A class of cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA's differentially expressed in gastrula embryos of Xenopus laevis (DG RNA's) has been isolated. These DG RNA's occur very rarely or not at all in unfertilized eggs and blastulae, accumulate as the result of transcription before and during gastrulation, and, with some exceptions, decline in abundance as development proceeds. Many of these RNA molecules appear to be translated at the gastrula stage. Thus, DG RNA's may encode proteins that are important in the process of gastrulation. PMID- 6688683 TI - A case of progressive systemic sclerosis complicated with polymyositis and Graves' disease. PMID- 6688684 TI - Effectiveness of the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases instituted by local authorities of the Western Cape. AB - It is a strange paradox that now that the treatment of venereal diseases is comparatively painless, effective and easily available, there has been a considerable upsurge in the incidence thereof. A global picture of the success of preventive and curative measures is difficult to obtain since comprehensive statistics are not available. The single most important reason for this is that these diseases are not notifiable, whether treated in the clinics of local authorities or hospital environs or by private practitioners, making the detection of accurate epidemiological trends extremely difficult. Since patients often desire anonymity, there has been an increasing drift towards treatment at the last two sources mentioned above. This article studies the only available recorded information, and hence summarizes the effectiveness of the Cape Town City Council and Cape Divisional Council health departments in combating sexually transmitted diseases in the Western Cape. PMID- 6688686 TI - [Toxoplasmosis and malignant lymphoproliferative disease. A case report]. PMID- 6688685 TI - Diagnosis of the empty sella with intrathecal metrizamide computed tomography. AB - The empty sella syndrome can be diagnosed with high resolution computed tomography. The addition of intrathecal metrizamide defines the degree of extension of the subarachnoid space into the sella turcica, demonstrates the relationship of surrounding structures, and differentiates the empty sella from other isodense or hypodense intrasellar lesions. Photographs from a case of primary empty sella demonstrate the details of anatomy seen with metrizamide computed tomography combined with sagittal reconstruction. PMID- 6688687 TI - Current concepts in retrolental fibroplasia. PMID- 6688688 TI - [Therapy of patellar dysplasia with reference to retropatellar cartilage damage. Early results of Morscher's patella osteotomy]. PMID- 6688689 TI - [Diagnosis of injuries of the meniscus of the knee joint]. PMID- 6688690 TI - Tick borne fever in in-bye sheep. PMID- 6688692 TI - [Case of a persistent thymus in Graves' disease]. PMID- 6688691 TI - Sequence of the hemagglutinin gene from influenza virus A/Seal/Mass/1/80. AB - A double-strand DNA copy of the influenza virus A/Seal/Mass/1/80 (H7N7) [seal] hemagglutinin (HA) gene was cloned into the plasmid pAT153/PvuII/8 and sequenced to deduce the primary amino acid sequence. The gene is 1731 nucleotides long and codes for a protein of 560 amino acids with a nonglycosylated molecular weight of 62098 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence displays similarities to all other sequenced hemagglutinins by retaining six of seven potential glycosylation sites, showing conversation in the number and position of cysteine residues, conservation in the fusion and anchor peptides, and conservation in the putative receptor site of the molecule. However, three features of the primary amino acid sequence could be distinguished from the H7 amino acid sequence of A/fowl plague/Rostock/34 (FPV), another avian H7 influenza virus which does not produce disease in mammals. First, the seal HA sequence has three fewer amino acids in the connecting peptide region of the HA than FPV. This lack of multiple basic amino acids in the connecting peptide is similar to that found in avirulent H7 avian strains and to mammalian serotypes H1, H2, and H3. Second, the seal HA has gained four additional proline residues, all in HA1, as compared to FPV. These residues may alter the tertiary structure of the HA and ultimately contribute to the biological features of this virus. Third, the seal HA has lost a potential carbohydrate attachment site at residue 149 which lies at the tip of the HA structure. The loss of this carbohydrate could alter the seal HAs interaction with host cell receptors. PMID- 6688693 TI - [Recurrent morbidity with venereal diseases among gonorrhea patients]. PMID- 6688694 TI - Computer analysis of parentage in relation to maternity and paternity. AB - General formulas for statistical calculations of parentage by means of blood group analysis are presented in relation to those of maternity and paternity. Based on these formulas, a computer program has been devised to calculate plausibilities, exclusion probabilities, and distributions of log (Y/X) of parentage for any blood groups. The program also gives numerical values of these quantities of maternity and paternity. The values of plausibility and exclusion probability are highest for parentage, and decrease in the order of paternity and maternity. Concerning the distribution of log (Y/X) for true families, a simple relation holds for the ratio of the mean value of log (Y/X) in parentage ap, to that in paternity af, and to that in maternity am as, ap: af: am = 1: 0.6: (0.6)2 This relation holds for all 14 blood groups examined. PMID- 6688695 TI - Thyroid function and bone turnover. AB - The mechanism of thyroid action on bone was studied in 15 patients with thyrotoxicosis and 14 patients with hypothyroidism. The patients were studied twice: when they were thyrotoxic or hypothyroid and when they had returned to a euthyroid state. Parameters of bone turnover showed a decrease when hyperthyroid patients became euthyroid: serum calcium (2.51 +/- 0.04 vs 2.38 +/- 0.03 mmol/l, P less than 0.05), acid phosphatase (11.7 +/- 0.7 vs 8.3 +/- 0.4 U/l, P less than 0.01), alkaline phosphatase (124 +/- 11 vs 98 +/- 8 U/l, P less than 0.05), the calcium/creatinine ratio (1.03 +/- 0.31 vs 0.43 +/- 0.07, P less than 0.01) and the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio in the urine (69.9 +/- 12 vs 20.7 +/- 2.4, P less than 0.01). These parameters showed an increase when hypothyroid patients became euthyroid: serum calcium (2.36 +/- 0.03 vs 2.48 +/- 0.04 mmol/l, P less than 0.01), alkaline phosphatase (60 +/- 4 vs 84 +/- 8 U/l, P less than 0.05) and the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio in the urine (15.9 +/- 4.3 vs 25.3 +/- 3.2, P less than 0.05). Changes in the calcium regulating hormones, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D metabolites, were not observed when hyperthyroid patients became euthyroid. When hypothyroid patients were treated a decrease in serum levels of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D (32.6 +/- 4.6 vs 17.9 +/- 2.5 ng/l, P less than 0.01) was observed. Serum growth hormone levels decreased when hypothyroid patients became euthyroid (4.3 +/- 0.5 vs 2.6 +/- 0.4 mU/l, P less than 0.01). The possible mechanisms of thyroid action on bone are discussed. The presented findings are in accordance with a direct effect of thyroid hormones on bone in thyrotoxicosis. An additional factor could be somatomedin, that might also be involved in changes in bone turnover in hyper- and hypothyroidism. PMID- 6688696 TI - The role of estradiol and progesterone in the regulation of myometrial activity for the onset of labor. AB - The concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured in peripheral plasma and myometrium from women in the 35th to 42nd week of pregnancy. On the basis of the subjective symptoms and objective signs of labor, judged by tocography and cervical status, the women were divided into two groups, one in labor and the other not. There were no significant inter-group differences in the concentrations of E2 or P in either plasma or the myometrium. The plasma P/E2 ratio, however, differed significantly, being lower in the women in labor. A similar tendency was found in the P/E2 ratio in the myometrium but due to a wide variation, the inter-group difference did not attain statistical significance. The results suggest that a lower P/E2 ratio at term would facilitate the action of an, as yet unknown, physiological stimulus to the onset of labor. PMID- 6688697 TI - Levels of vitamin D-metabolites in a case of acro-osteolysis syndrome. AB - On the initial examinations of a 17-year-old boy with acro-osteolysis syndrome, the levels of serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD) were low, whereas serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D) were normal. Administration of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1OHD) failed to improve the osteoporosis, although the serum 25OHD level rose to normal. It is unlikely that impaired bone remodeling due to abnormal vitamin D-metabolism was a primary defect in our patient. PMID- 6688699 TI - Ossiculoplasty - experience with a new prosthesis. PMID- 6688698 TI - GABA concentrations and turnover in neonatal rat brain during asphyxia and recovery. PMID- 6688700 TI - Optical radiation hazards of laser welding processes. Part 1: Neodymium-YAG laser. AB - High power laser devices are being used for numerous metalworking processes such as welding, cutting and heat treating. Such laser devices are totally enclosed either by the manufacturer or the end-user. When this is done, the total laser system is usually certified by the manufacturer following the federal requirements of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1040.10 and 10.40.11 as a Class I laser system. Similarly, the end-user may also reclassify an enclosed high-power laser into the Class I category following the requirements of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z-136.1 (1980) standard. There are, however, numerous industrial laser applications where Class IV systems are required to be used in an unenclosed manner. In such applications, there is concern for both ocular and skin hazards caused by direct and scattered laser radiation, as well as potential hazards caused by the optical radiation created by the laser beam's interaction with the metal (i.e. the plume radiation). Radiant energy measurements are reported for both the scattered laser radiation and the resultant plume radiations which were produced during typical unenclosed Class IV Neodymium-YAG laser welding processes. Evaluation of the plume radiation was done with both radiometric and spectroradiometric measurement equipment. The data obtained were compared to applicable safety standards. PMID- 6688701 TI - Medullary carcinoma arising in a thyroid with Hashimoto's disease. AB - A 51-year-old woman presented with a large goiter and on pathologic examination was found to have both Hashimoto's thyroiditis and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. To our knowledge, this is the first well-documented case of the coexistence of these two entities in the same patient in the English literature. The association of Hashimoto's disease and carcinoma of the thyroid is reviewed and its relevance discussed. PMID- 6688703 TI - Plasma formation and shielding by three ophthalmic neodymium-YAG lasers. AB - Because microplasma formation may provide an energy-absorbing shield that protects the retina from inadvertent injury during neodymium-YAG laser surgery, we studied plasma formation and shielding by three ophthalmic neodymium-YAG lasers (the Q-switched American Medical Optics YAG-100, the mode-locked Meditec OPL-3, and the Q-switched LASAG Sirius Microruptor 2) with three model targets (physiologic saline, 1% sodium hyaluronate, and a cellophane membrane). Plasma formation produced a linear reduction in the transmission of light energy along the beam path in a qualitatively differences. Plasma shielding was similar in both saline and sodium hyaluronate; enhancement of the shield effect occurred only with the cellophane membrane target. Operating the lasers at energy levels far above threshold did not reduce total light transmission significantly. Clinical use should be guided by the principle of employing the minimum energy necessary to cut the target tissue. PMID- 6688702 TI - Pulmonary surfactant release in fetal rabbits: immediate and delayed response to terbutaline. AB - The fetal lung responds to beta-receptor agonists with a release of surfactant from type II alveolar cells, if such stimulation were intense or long-lasting, the supply might become depleted and, while the supply is being restored, there could be a surfactant deficiency. With experiments on pregnant rabbits, this hypothesis was put to the test and found to be true. At a gestational age of 27.75 days, fetuses received the beta 2-receptor agonist terbutaline, 0.1 or 0.01 mg intramuscularly, or saline only. At the same stage of pregnancy, other does were infused with 7.2 to 9.6 mg of terbutaline or given Ringer's solution. The fetuses were put to death at intervals of 1 to 48 hours, and the lungs were examined. At 1 hour and also at 2 and 3 hours after injection of 0.1 mg of terbutaline, pressure-volume loops demonstrated improved compliance and stability compared to those of controls, but at 24 hours the situation was reversed. At 48 hours there was no difference. At 12 hours from the start of the infusion, pressure-volume loops clearly showed that fetuses of does receiving terbutaline were at a disadvantage. We conclude that terbutaline depleted surfactant stores and, while these stores are being replenished, there is a surfactant deficiency in the alveolar space. Phospholipid analysis supported our conclusion. PMID- 6688704 TI - Circulating immune complexes in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Correlation to HLA and autoantibodies. AB - Circulating immune complexes (IC) were determined in sera from 41 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis by a polyclonal rheumatoid factor (pRF) assay based on the inhibition of the agglutination of IgG-coated latex particles. Elevated levels of IC were found in 63% (26/41) of the sera. There was a significant correlation (Rho = 0.91, P less than 0.001) between results obtained before and after treatment of sera with dithiothreitol (DTT). By precipitation with 2.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG) before pRF inhibition assay, the activity of IC was found in only 7% (3/41) of the sera. Size chromatography studies of the sera showed the inhibitory activity predominantly in the intermediary region. When found in the IgM-region the activity was not reduced by DTT. By use of a polyethylene glycol complement consumption test (PEG-CC) the occurrence of IC was 10% (4/41). It was not possible to find any correlation between the detectable IC and the presence of microsomal, thyroglobulin, or thyroid-stimulating antibodies. Based on our studies the sizes of IC seemed to be heterogeneously distributed and the majority were not precipitated by PEG (2.5%), final concentration). The antibodies involved in the formation of complexes seemed to be of IgG or IgA classes. HLA-D typing of the patients showed a non-significant association between HLA-Dw5 and low levels of IC while the presence of HLA-Dw4 was significantly associated with a high level of IC (P less than 0.05). PMID- 6688705 TI - Normal rabbit intestinal cytosol as a source of binding protein for the 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 assay. AB - Cytosol prepared from small intestine of vitamin D-sufficient rabbits contains a specific high-affinity binding protein for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). This binding protein sediments at 3.0-3.5 S in sucrose density gradients containing 0.3 M KCl. Scatchard analysis using intestinal cytosol demonstrated a Kd of 0.05 nM and a maximum binding capacity of 92 fmol/mg cytosol protein for 1,25(OH)2D3 at 4 degrees C. Competitive binding studies with various metabolites of vitamin D showed a relative binding affinity of this protein for 1,25(OH)2D3 greater than 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 greater than vitamin D3. With 200 micrograms of rabbit intestinal cytosol protein, as little as 1.0-2.5 pg of 1,25(OH)2D3 reproducibly displaced the tracer sterol from the binding protein. Analyses of human plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 content yielded values consistent with published results. The vitamin D-replete rabbit provides a convenient, plentiful, and inexpensive source of binding protein for 1,25(OH)2D3 assays. PMID- 6688706 TI - Anthelmintic activity of ivermectin in pigs naturally infected with Ascaris and Trichuris. AB - The anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin administered by subcutaneous (SC) injection or orally via the drinking water was investigated in feeder pigs naturally infected with Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis. Group 1 pigs (n = 5) were given drinking water as a placebo, group 2 pigs (n = 5) were given ivermectin by SC injection (300 micrograms/kg of body weight), and group 3 pigs (n = 5) were given ivermectin in water also at a dosage rate of 300 micrograms/kg of body weight. At necropsy 11 days later, the mean worm counts in group 1 pigs were 4 for Ascaris and 50.2 for Trichuris. All adult and juvenile ascarids were removed from the intestine in groups 2 and 3 pigs. Compared with the number of Trichuris in group 1 pigs, the number of Trichuris was reduced by 91.2% and 78.1%, respectively, for the orally and SC treated pigs. PMID- 6688708 TI - [Effect of chronic electric stimulation of the auditory nerve on the development of the cochlear nuclei in guinea pigs]. AB - 14 newborn guinea pigs have been deafened three days after birth by bilateral destruction of the organ of Corti, and among them 8 have been supplied with a chronic auditory electric stimulation by mean of an intra-cochlear implanted electrode. The histological study and the anatomical reconstructions of these animals' cochlear nuclei demonstrate that this chronic stimulation prevent at least partially these auditory pathway medullary formations from the atrophy due to the cochlear destruction. PMID- 6688707 TI - Distention-produced phospholipid secretion in postmortem in situ lungs of newborn rabbits. Inhibition by specific beta-adrenergic blockade. AB - The secretion of total phospholipid in postmortem in situ lungs of newborn rabbits was examined using the technique of lung lavage after an initial lavage procedure, and then after a period of static air inflation at 30 cm H2O pressure for 45 min. There was a significant reduction in the phospholipid yield with 10( 3) molar DL-propranolol used as the initial lavage fluid, both immediately after the initial lavage procedure (experimental group, 0.29 +/- SE 0.04 mg/g dry lung weight; control group, 0.57 +/- SE 0.09; p less than 0.01) and after static inflation with air (experimental group, 1.14 +/- SE 0.15; control group, 2.22 +/- SE 0.24; p less than 0.001). Preinjection of the breathing newborn rabbit with DL propranolol was not necessary for this inhibitory effect. There was no significant reduction when 10(-3) molar atropine, lidocaine, D-propranolol, or 10(-5) scopolamine were substituted as the initial lavage fluid, nor was there any reduction when the concentration of DL-propranolol was decreased to 10(-4) or 10(-5) molar. Because D-propranolol has all the properties of DL-propranolol, except 100-fold less beta-adrenergic antagonist activity, the inhibition by propranolol was due to specific beta-adrenergic blockade. In the absence of an intact circulation or a functional central nervous system, it is concluded that surfactant phospholipid secretion is partly controlled by an intrapulmonary neurogenic reflex. PMID- 6688709 TI - Wound healing: biological effects of Nd:YAG laser on collagen metabolism in pig skin in comparison to thermal burn. AB - Pig skin was treated with the Nd:YAG laser at 1,060 nm or electrocautery, at energy densities of 649 +/- 20 J/cm2 and 612 J/cm2, respectively. Biopsies of treated areas and of normal skin were performed at 7, 14, and 60 days after treatment and processed for histology, electron microscopy and biochemical assays. Wound healing, as shown histologically, was similar in both treated groups. Depth of injury appeared to reach reticular dermis at day 7 in each treated group. However, thermal burn was more destructive of regular collagen, whereas the laser appeared to damage deep dermal blood vessels without destroying surrounding connective tissue. Biochemical assays revealed increased collagen production and increased collagenolytic activity 7 days after laser injury. However, by day 60, there was a reduction in total collagen content in laser treated skin below that of normal skin, which correlated with decreased collagen synthesis and unchanged collagenolytic activity. In burn specimens there was an initial decrease in total collagen content which reverted to normal by day 60. Active collagen degradation occurred at all 3 time points, but a marked increase in synthetic activity occurred as the burn scar was laid down. Laser treatment resulted in reduction of the amount of collagen below that in burn scarred or normal skin, suggesting that classical scar formation may be inhibited. These results indicate that the Nd:YAG laser may be useful for the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars. PMID- 6688710 TI - Localization of the ATP binding site on alpha-tubulin. AB - The binding site for ATP to tubulin was established by use of the photoaffinity label [gamma-32P]N3ATP. Photolysis of the analog in the presence of tubulin resulted in covalent modification of the protein as revealed by autoradiography of electropherograms. Scanning the autoradiograms showed that the ATP analog was bound mainly to the alpha subunit of the tubulin dimer; the alpha subunit was two to three times more radioactive than was the beta subunit. The location of a particular site on the alpha subunit was further defined by peptide maps. The alpha and beta subunits from affinity-labeled tubulin were separated and digested with Staphylococcus protease. Radioactivity was found predominantly in one peptide band from the alpha subunit. The location of the [gamma-32P]N3ATP binding site on the alpha subunit distinguishes it from the previously known exchangeable GTP binding site which is on the beta subunit. Moreover, excess GTP did not compete with [gamma-32P]N3ATP binding. The ATP binding site is distinct from the nonexchangeable GTP binding site. The GTP content of tubulin was the same after dialysis in 0.5 mM ATP as it was following dialysis against ATP-free buffer. Proof that the binding site for [gamma-32P]N3ATP is the same as that for ATP was obtained by competition experiments. In the presence of ATP, photolysis of the affinity analog did not label the alpha subunit preferentially. PMID- 6688711 TI - Multifunctionality of lipoamide dehydrogenase promotion of electron transferase reaction. AB - Various approaches to promote the one-electron transfer reaction of lipoamide dehydrogenase have been investigated. An addition of riboflavin facilitates the electron transfer between NADH and Fe(CN) 3-/6. Aminocarboxymethylation and cadmium derivatization of the catalytic disulfide moderately activate the electron transfer reaction. An enhancement in the electron transferase activity of the Co(II)-enzyme complex is associated with decreased Michaelis and inhibition constants. Phosphopyridoxamidation identifies the suppressive effect on the electron transferase activity of carboxyl groups proximal to the catalytic histidine residue of lipoamide dehydrogenase. Amidation of these carboxyl groups with diamine greatly promote the one-electron transfer reaction. The increased electron transferase activity of the amidated enzyme is related to the charge nature of the amidated nucleophile and associated with the increased catalytic efficiency which undergoes a shift in the pH profile. The introduction of cationic aminoethyl groups presumably encourages the formation of an anionic flavosemiquinone which promotes the one-electron transfer reaction. PMID- 6688712 TI - Metabolism and binding properties of 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3. AB - To evaluate possible functional roles for 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 24,24 difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 has been synthesized and shown to be equally as active as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in all known functions of vitamin D. The use of the difluoro compound for this purpose is based on the assumption that the C-F bonds are stable in vivo and that the fluorine atom does not act as hydroxyl in biological systems. No 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was detected in the serum obtained from vitamin D-deficient rats that had been given 24,24-difluoro-25 hydroxyvitamin D3, while large amounts were found when 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was given. Incubation of the 24,24-difluoro compound with kidney homogenate prepared from vitamin D-replete chickens failed to produce 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, while the same preparations produced large amounts of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Kidney homogenate prepared from vitamin D-deficient chickens produced 24,24-difluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from 24,24-difluoro-25 hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. In binding to the plasma transport protein for vitamin D compounds, 24,24-difluoro 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is less active than 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24R,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. In binding to the chick intestinal cytosol receptor, 24,24 difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is more active than 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 which is itself more active than 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The 24,24-difluoro-1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 is equal to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and both are 10 times more active than 1,24R,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 in this system. These results provide strong evidence that the C-24 carbon of 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 cannot be hydroxylated in vivo, and, further, the 24-F substitution acts similar to H and not to OH in discriminating binding systems for vitamin D compounds. PMID- 6688714 TI - Human cryptosporidiosis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - We studied two cases of cryptosporidiosis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. In one patient, the gallbladder was affected in addition to gastric and intestinal involvements. This is the first human case in which Cryptosporidium has been found in the biliary tract. It is important that pathologists become aware of this protozoan infection since the number of patients with it is likely to increase in the near future. PMID- 6688715 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia in homosexual men with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD) is a well-described clinicopathologic entity that tends to occur in older persons. A recently described syndrome, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), occurring predominantly in young homosexual men, shows considerable clinical overlap with AILD. We studied two cases clinically typical of AIDS in which lymph node biopsies revealed AILD. PMID- 6688713 TI - Hepatic ligandin subunits and mRNAs during development. AB - Eight-week-old rats had twofold higher hepatic ligandin concentration than 10-day old animals as determined immunologically and by steroid isomerase and glutathione S-transferase assays. Increased ligandin content was accompanied by parallel increase in subunit synthesis as determined by [3H]leucine incorporation into each subunit relative to incorporation into total cytosolic proteins. The mRNA content for each ligandin subunit was twofold higher in older animals as determined by cell-free in vitro translation followed by immunoprecipitation and dot hybridization using a ligandin cDNA probe. When poly A mRNA from the postmitochondrial fraction of liver from young or old rats was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions and hybridized to ligandin cDNA probe, a single 11 S band was obtained. With RNA from total liver, an additional 13 S band was obtained, suggesting the existence of a precursor form of ligandin mRNA. Since precursor polypeptides were not observed with RNA from total liver in cell-free in vitro translation systems, the precursor form requires processing to the 11 S form before the mRNA becomes functional. PMID- 6688716 TI - Progressive myelofibrosis in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. AB - Progression of myelofibrosis in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) has only rarely been documented because of the paucity of patients with sequential bone marrow examinations. At our institution, 27 patients with AMM underwent marrow examinations, separated by at least six months. Of the 20 patients who did not have maximal myelofibrosis shown by the original biopsy, 18 displayed temporal progression of the process; 11 of them had an increase of two or more grades using the Bauermeister scale. The grade remained constant in the remaining two patients. Several cases of a decreased degree of fibrosis or variation of grade in concomitant specimens showed that fibrosis may not proceed at an identical rate throughout the marrow and that the degree may vary with location. PMID- 6688717 TI - Fibrous thickening of the splenic capsule. A response to chronic splenic congestion. AB - Fibrous thickening of the splenic capsule is often seen in patients with hepatic cirrhosis or portal hypertension from other causes. However, most cases of capsular thickening have been considered idiopathic, with no obvious abnormality of the portal circulation. The possibility that these "idiopathic" cases also have evidence of portal hypertension was examined in a retrospective study. The splenic capsule thickness was measured in 434 consecutive autopsy specimens. Various clinical and autopsy parameters relevant to vascular disease were recorded and correlated with splenic capsular thickness. Thickened capsules were significantly more frequent in patients with advanced age, clinical history of severe congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and hepatic portal sclerosis. It is suggested that most cases of splenic capsular thickening are caused by splenic congestion with organization of capsular and subcapsular hemorrhages. PMID- 6688718 TI - Acute hemorrhagic obstructive uropathy as a complication of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. AB - During studies related to immunoregulation in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats, acute hemorrhagic obstructive uropathy developed as an unexpected complication. The urinary retention was attributed to mucous plugs tightly impacted into the bladder neck. Although mucous plugs commonly are detected in the bladders of healthy adult rats, they could create a serious complication when impacted into the outflow tract as the result of malfunctioning sphincter actions by EAE-induced spinal cord injury. PMID- 6688719 TI - Cardiopulmonary sequelae of reparative stages of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - Seventy-three infants died after intensive respiratory therapy that included supplemental oxygen; their survival ranged from three to 225 days. Pulmonary alterations began with an exudative, early reparative stage and progressed to subacute and chronic fibroproliferative stages that correlated with stages 2 through 4 of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Cardiopulmonary complications of interstitial fibrosis, emphysema, and cor pulmonale were most pronounced in the longest survivors and were associated with progression of the reparative response to the chronic fibroproliferative stage. An obliterative bronchiolitis was also a frequent manifestation of this reparative response, which may account for cystic bronchiolectasis observed in five infants. Ultrastructural studies indicated that the type 2 pneumocyte contributed to the reparative and proliferative reactions by reepithelialization of damaged septal walls and incorporation of hyaline membranes into septal walls that seemed to stimulate interstitial fibroplasia. PMID- 6688720 TI - Peritoneal plaques and asbestos exposure. PMID- 6688721 TI - An occupational cause of exogenous lipoid pneumonia. PMID- 6688723 TI - Cathodic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH 6): a sign of ominous prognosis? PMID- 6688722 TI - Pulmonary Teflon granulomas following periurethral Teflon injection for urinary incontinence. PMID- 6688724 TI - Identification of parasite eggs. PMID- 6688725 TI - Prolapse of fallopian tube into urinary bladder, mimicking bladder carcinoma. PMID- 6688726 TI - Selective myocardial cell necrosis and iron. PMID- 6688727 TI - [Infectious complications of leukemias and other tumors of the hematopoietic system]. AB - In 1975-1982, autopsies of 201 patients dying with leukemias and other tumors of hemopoietic system revealed infectious complications in 68.6%, among them pneumonias in 46.8%, sepsis in 10.9%, and inflammatory-necrotic processes of the digestive tract in 19.4%. More frequent occurrence of infectious complications in acute leukemias (68-75%) as compared with chronic (61-70%), in lympholeukemias (70-75%) as compared with myeloleukemias (61-68%), and virus infections including generalized forms of herpes in lymphogranulomatosis (30.8%) was noted. The importance of immunodeficiency conditions and granulocytopenia in the development of infectious complications which were the immediate cause of death of 56.7% of those dying with leukemias and other tumors of the hemopoietic system is discussed. The increased role in the etiology of these complications of the opportunistic intestinal microflora frequently present in various associations and in combinations with other microbes and fungi is noted. PMID- 6688728 TI - Technology in practice management. PMID- 6688729 TI - Evaluation of bubble clicking in gastric aspirate in the newborn. AB - Gastric aspirates were obtained soon after delivery from 167 babies 24 to 40 weeks gestation. Bubble clicking and foam stability tests were compared for their reliability in determining pulmonary maturity. Both tests predicted mature lungs accurately in 90-91% of babies, however their ability to predict immature lungs was less, bubble clicking predicting it accurately in 88% of babies and foam stability test predicting it in 77% of babies. Bubble clicking, foam stability tests, L/S ratio and two dimensional thin layer chromatography were done in 26 gastric aspirates obtained from 22 babies with mature lungs and 4 babies with with hyaline membrane disease. Phosphatidyl glycerol was present in 21 of the 22 babies with mature lungs. Bubble clicking demonstrated a 95% accuracy and foam stability test 100% accuracy in predicting the presence of phosphatidyl glycerol. Bubble clicking is a useful and easily preformed test in the clinical assessment of a preterm baby. PMID- 6688730 TI - Isolation of two biologically active peptides, erythrotropin I and erythrotropin II from fetal calf intestine. AB - A bioassay based on the measurement of thymidine incorporation into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble materials in erythroid cell suspensions from fetal calf liver was used as the assay for purification of two small peptides (erythrotropins I and II) from fetal calf intestine. The peptides were purified using reversed-phase and gel permeation high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The two peptides have very similar amino acid compositions and a molecular weight of about 3500 daltons. Erythrotropin II stimulated thymidine incorporation and potentiated the action of erythropoietin in cultures of erythroid cells from fetal rat liver. PMID- 6688731 TI - Analgesic effect of intrathecal ketamine in rats. AB - The analgesic effect of ketamine hydrochloride 200, 400, 800 and 1600 micrograms kg-1, administered intrathecally in rats, was evaluated using the tail-flick test. A short-lived analgesic effect was demonstrated with the larger doses and this could be abolished by pretreatment with naloxone hydrochloride 200 micrograms kg-1. Intrathecal morphine 100 micrograms kg-1 produced a more profound analgesic effect than intrathecal ketamine 1600 micrograms kg-1. There were three deaths shortly after intrathecal injection of ketamine. Histopathological examination of the spinal cords and nerve roots of these rats revealed the presence of vacuoles in the cells of the posterior root ganglion. Other rats sacrificed for histopathological examination showed no changes attributed to the injectate. PMID- 6688732 TI - Suppression of plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2 alpha by aminoglutethimide in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6688733 TI - Biochemistry of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase: characterization and properties of photoaffinity labeling with 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate. AB - We have found that 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (8-azido-ATP) and its photolyzed product are competitive inhibitors of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase with respect to substrate deoxynucleoside triphosphates. A detailed characterization of the inhibitory effect of 8-azido ATP revealed that its mechanism of inhibition is identical with that reported for ATP [Modak, M. J. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 3116-3120]. Photoactivation of the azido-ATP-enzyme complex results in the covalent binding of azido-ATP to terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. No significant incorporation of prephotolyzed azido ATP or unsubstituted ATP into enzyme protein is noted when complexes of these nucleotides with enzyme were exposed to identical photoactivation conditions. The majority of incorporated analogue was associated with the 26 000-dalton subunit of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Incorporation of azido-ATP was further found to be absolutely dependent on the presence of a divalent cation. All four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates as well as ATP and guanosine 5'-triphosphate were able to compete with azido-ATP during the incorporation experiment as judged by the competitive reduction in the cross-linking of the photoaffinity analogue to terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TDT). In addition, substrate binding site directed inhibitors, pyrophosphate and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, effectively blocked the incorporation of azido-ATP into enzyme protein, while several other inhibitors of TDT catalysis, namely, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl, 1,10-phenanthroline, p-(chloromercuri)benzoate, Rose Bengal, and the presence of 0.5 M KCl, influenced the cross-linking reaction to varying degrees. A tryptic peptide analysis of the azido-ATP-labeled 26K subunit of TDT revealed that the majority of the incorporated photoaffinity analogue was present in two peptides. PMID- 6688734 TI - Shape and substructure of skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase. AB - To evaluate the shape and substructure of calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase from skeletal muscle, the apo- and holoenzyme and three well-characterized proteolytic fragments were studied by enzymatic measurements, by hydrodynamic techniques, and by CD spectroscopy. For the native apoenzyme, a molecular weight of 70 300 was established by sedimentation equilibrium in contrast to greater than 80 000 estimated by electrophoresis. A highly asymmetric structure was evidenced from sedimentation and viscosity data. Examination of two slightly different calmodulin binding fragments of Mr approximately 36 000 showed that both are fairly globular, high in alpha-helix content, enzymatically active, and calmodulin regulated. They have been termed head fragments. The third fragment of Mr approximately 33 000 could be demonstrated to represent the remaining part of the native enzyme by its amino acid composition and CD spectrum. This enzymatically inactive fragment, although low in alpha-helix content and rich in proline, was shown to be highly asymmetric (a/b greater than 10). From the latter, termed tail fragment and one of the head fragments, a more active enzyme could be partially reconstituted. Modeling by spherical beads [Bloomfield, V., Dalton, W. O., & Van Holde, K. E. (1967) Biopolymers 5, 135-148] led to a close agreement in observed and calculated frictional ratios for all fragments as well as the apoenzyme built up by end to end arrangement of head and tail fragment, suggesting this headed structure for the enzyme. Holoenzyme formation by calmodulin binding to the head was accompanied by an increase in asymmetry and alpha-helix content and a decrease in apparent partial specific volume. PMID- 6688735 TI - Dynamic evidence for an extended subsite structure of the ligand combining site on wheat germ agglutinin: temperature-jump relaxation with fluorescence detection. AB - Temperature-jump relaxation methods have been used to study the binding kinetics of fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferyl glycosides of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and its beta (1 leads to 4)-linked di- and trisaccharides with wheat germ agglutinin. The mono- and disaccharide derivatives yielded biexponential progress curves. The data are consistent with two simple mechanisms in which binding occurs to an extended combining site on the lectin, consisting of at least two different, mutually exclusive, binding subsites. For one model, the bound ligand must slide from one subsite to the other, and the other mechanism requires the dissociation of the bound ligand from the protein before it can combine to the other subsite. Binding of 4-methylumbelliferyl monosaccharide to nonequivalent sites is improbable. The underlying kinetic and equilibrium parameters were obtained for the proposed subsites. The binding kinetics of the 4-methylumbelliferyl trisaccharide derivative are more complicated and may result from ligand-mediated linking reactions between molecules of the lectin. This study emphasizes that binding studies at equilibrium should take into account that the data result from an average of different binding configurations of all the ligands. PMID- 6688738 TI - Studies on lung surfactant replacement in respiratory distress syndrome. Rapid film formation from binary mixed liposomes. AB - Binary mixed liposomes were prepared from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and a minor compound, e.g., egg phosphatidylglycerol (PG) at a ratio of 9:1. Using different preparative techniques, large unilamellar vesicles (LUV), small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) or multilamellar vesicles (MLV) were obtained and were studied with an electron microscope for morphology, with a Wilhelmy balance for spreading and surface tension lowering potential, and in the surfactant-depleted isolated rat lung for their ability to restore expiratory lung capacity. Only the simultaneous investigation of phospholipids by negative staining and thin sectioning allows unequivocal classification of liposomes. The surface-active structures prepared with the technique of Bangham et al. (Bangham, A.D., Hill, M.W. and Miller, N.G.A. (1974) in Methods in Membrane Biology (Korn, E., ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 1-68, Plenum Press, New York) at room temperature are LUV. LUV containing DPPC:PG at a ratio of 9:1 rapidly spread to a film with high surface tension lowering potential. Within 5 min after injection into the subphase they rise to the surface and form a film at the air/liquid interface able to lower the surface tension to less than 1 mN/m at compression. SUV of the same chemical composition, however, are immediately surface-active only when spread directly onto the surface. MLV exhibit poor surface activity. LUV or pure DPPC, applied onto the surface, are weakly surface active within 5 min. DPPC vesicles injected into the subphase at 37 degrees C do not adsorb to any film with surface tension lowering potential in this time. The minor compounds PE, PI, PS, PA, lysoPC enable DPPC to form surface-active films after application on saline at 37 degrees C. Removal of surfactant decreases the expiratory lung capacity of the isolated rat lung from 49.7 to 12.4% at 4 cmH2O. After substitution with natural surfactant, the expiratory lung capacity is twice that of the washed lung (25.9%), but the original distensibility of the native lung is not restituted. The effect of LUV containing DPPC:PG at a ratio of 9:1 is also remarkable (21.2%). PMID- 6688737 TI - Cytochemical study of liposome and lipid vesicle phagocytosis. AB - Electron microscopy cytochemistry has been used to study the cytoplasmic location of liposomes and lipid vesicles following specific antibody-dependent phagocytosis. The vesicle compositions were 94-99 mol% 'fluid' lipid (egg phosphatidylcholine or dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine at 37 degrees C or 'solid' lipid (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine at 37 degrees C). In some cases, 4 mol% phosphatidylserine was included in the vesicle membrane so as to vary the surface charge density. These vesicles undergo specific antibody-dependent phagocytosis by RAW264 macrophages when the lipid membranes contain 1-2 mol% dinitrophenyl lipid hapten in the presence of rabbit anti-dinitrophenyl IgG antibody. Internalized lipid vesicles can be visualized with the electron microscope when ferritin is trapped in the internal aqueous compartments prior to internalization. The lipid vesicles were demonstrated to be internal to the macrophage plasma membranes by selectively staining the plasma membranes with Ruthenium red. The cytoplasmic location of vesicles and liposomes was studied by electron microscopic staining for activities of the following enzymes: (1) acid phosphatase; (2) inorganic trimetaphosphatase; (3) adenosine triphosphatase; and (4) glucose-6-phosphatase. The first two enzymatic activities were found in association with ferritin-containing vesicles after antibody-dependent phagocytosis, showing the formation of vesicle-containing phagolysosomes. Adenosine triphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were primary not associated with the vesicles, suggesting a minimal association of vesicles with plasma membrane, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear cisternae. Phagosome lysosome fusion did not appear to depend on the type of target lipid vesicle or liposome, on the 'fluidity' of the target membrane, or the presence of phosphatidylserine in the target membrane. PMID- 6688736 TI - Nucleotide sequence of cloned complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for the alpha subunit of bovine pituitary glycoprotein hormones. AB - Recombinant DNA plasmids containing sequences coding for the alpha subunit of the bovine pituitary glycoprotein hormones have been isolated. The nucleotide sequences of three different cDNA clones have been determined. The largest alpha subunit cDNA clone was found to contain 713 bases including 77 nucleotides from the 5'-untranslated region, 72 nucleotides coding for a precursor segment, 288 nucleotides coding for the mature alpha subunit, and 276 nucleotides from the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA followed by a poly(A) segment. This cDNA likely represents most of the bovine alpha-subunit mRNA sequence. Nucleotide sequences were obtained from the cDNA inserts of two other alpha-subunit clones, and several differences among the three cDNA sequences have been detected. These differences in nucleotide sequence may represent either individual variation in genomic sequence or cloning artifacts. Comparison of the bovine alpha-subunit cDNA sequence to the sequences of human, rat, and mouse alpha-subunit cDNAs reveals that the bovine sequence has greater than 70% homology with the other cDNAs. The cloned alpha-subunit cDNA should provide a useful probe for further studies of the structure and expression of this interesting gene. PMID- 6688739 TI - Lipid mixing during freeze-thawing of liposomal membranes as monitored by fluorescence energy transfer. AB - A new pair of fluorescence-energy-transferring probes, dansylphosphatidylethanolamine and dioctadecylindocarbocyanine, were incorporated separately into phospholipid vesicles to monitor intervesicle lipid mixing under various conditions. The transfer efficiencies of mixtures of sonicated vesicles labeled with 2 wt% donor dansylphosphatidylethanolamine (DnsPE) or with 1 wt% acceptor dioctadecylindocarbocyanine (DiI-C18) were negligible, but increased to about 25% after the vesicles had been frozen in a solid CO2/ethanol bath, thawed and diluted. The freeze-thaw-induced mixing of lipids between vesicles, signified by energy transfer, was dependent on lipid concentration and was promoted by 0.5 1.5 M KCl, 0.5 M potassium trichloroacetate and 5 mM sodium acetate (pH 4) and inhibited by 0.5 M LiCl, 0.5 M glycerol, 0.5 M sucrose, 0.15 M KCl and 0.15-1.5 M NaCl. These results support and complement previously reported measurements of the trapped volumes, turbidities and population size distributions of similarly treated liposomes. Comparison of the responses of paucilamellar vesicles with those of multilamellar vesicles suggests that lipid mixing during freeze-thawing can occur either during interaction of the outermost bilayers of vesicles or during interaction of all bilayers, possibly as a result of breakdown and reformation of bilayer structure. PMID- 6688740 TI - Direct observation of molecular ordering of cholesterol in human erythrocyte membranes. AB - The first observation of the orientation and order of cholesterol in a natural membrane is reported. The 2H-NMR spectrum of [2,2,3,4,4,6-2H6]cholesterol incorporated into human erythrocyte ghosts demonstrates that the orientation and anisotropic motion of cholesterol is very similar in natural and model membranes. PMID- 6688741 TI - Glycogen content and lipid biosynthesis in the lungs of fetuses of diabetic rats. AB - The fetal pulmonary glycogen content and the pulmonary biosynthesis of neutral lipids and phospholipids were estimated at gestational days 18, 20, and 22 in the offspring of normal, manifest diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic rats. In all groups the fetal pulmonary glycogen concentration was highest on gestational day 20 and decreased during the subsequent 2 days. At the same time the biosynthesis of neutral lipids and phospholipids increased in the fetal lungs. The fetuses of the manifest diabetic rats showed an increased glycogen concentration and decreased total lipid biosynthesis compared with the other two groups. Insulin treatment of the rat mothers largely normalized the pulmonary lipid biosynthesis and glycogen accumulation in their fetuses. These data suggest that the diabetic maternal environment induces a transient block in the fetal utilization of pulmonary glycogen for the biosynthesis of lipids, in particular for the production of surfactant phospholipids. PMID- 6688742 TI - Trifluralin and oryzalin herbicides toxicities to juvenile crawfish (Procambarus clarkii) and mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). PMID- 6688743 TI - Scale morphologic response to aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 6688744 TI - Microcomputer-controlled psychoacoustics in clinical audiology. AB - Several commonly used psychoacoustical procedures for the evaluation of auditory function can only be carried out practically when a computer is used to control stimulus presentation. In particular, there are several procedures, such as gap detection and non-simultaneous masking, which require accurate and adaptable timing of signals which could not be conveniently carried out using manually operated or hard-wired equipment. This paper describes the development of a practical system for clinical research which is capable of carrying out a wide range of psychoacoustical procedures. The development has involved three stages: (a) General design of the system so that it is suited to the procedures envisaged; (b) design of the hardware to meet acoustical constraints such as linearity and signal-to-noise ratio; and (c) software development to provide a means for the non-expert of producing control programs with a minimum of effort. Although the system is still being improved, it is now in practical use and it is possible to produce new working control programs within a few minutes. PMID- 6688745 TI - Modifications to the Bruel and Kjaer 2116 Audio Test Station. AB - The main features of the Bruel and Kjaer Audio Test Station are briefly outlined. A description is given of minor problems experienced in using the equipment for testing hearing aids, together with modifications prompted by users. A modification to the internal memory circuitry is described, which enables test enclosure amplitude correction data to be retained while the test station is switched off. This removes the need to perform a time-consuming daily routine which could result in accidental expensive damage to the measuring microphone and coupler assembly. A simple means is given for rapidly checking the operation of the tester and the integrity of the correction data. PMID- 6688746 TI - Bibliographic control of medical illustrations--a case study in the development of a library subsystem: I. Project planning. AB - The need to provide bibliographic access to a collection of original medical illustrations led the Library of the University of California, San Francisco, to search for a bibliographic control system and, not finding a satisfactory one, to develop one of its own, Part 1 of the report details the planning for such a development, including the need for bibliographic control of illustrations, the goals of the proposed system, design decisions and changes required, the type of system chosen, special subjects indexing needs, the required output, and staffing and budgetary needs. PMID- 6688749 TI - The Georgetown University Library Information System (LIS): a minicomputer-based integrated library system. AB - Georgetown University's Library Information System (LIS), an integrated library system designed and implemented at the Dahlgren Memorial Library, is broadly described from an administrative point of view. LIS' functional components consist of eight "user-friendly" modules: catalog, circulation, serials, bibliographic management (including Mini-MEDLINE), acquisitions, accounting, networking, and computer-assisted instruction. This article touches on emerging library services, user education, and computer information services, which are also changing the role of staff librarians. The computer's networking capability brings the library directly to users through personal or institutional computers at remote sites. The proposed Integrated Medical Center Information System at Georgetown University will include interface with LIS through a network mechanism. LIS is being replicated at other libraries, and a microcomputer version is being tested for use in a hospital setting. PMID- 6688747 TI - Bibliographic control of medical illustrations--a case study in the development of a library subsystem: II. Project implementation. AB - This second part of a two-part paper describes how the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Library implemented a bibliographic control system for a medical illustrations collection. Discussed are the staffing of the project, the design of formats and computer programs, further design changes, the input process, quality evaluation of the illustrations, and production and distribution of the control products (printed indexes and microfiche replicas). The report ends with a note on the applicability of the UCSF system to other libraries, and some benefits of the project. PMID- 6688748 TI - Implementation of the Integrated Library System: University of Maryland Health Sciences Library. AB - The Health Sciences Library, University of Maryland, has implemented the Integrated Library System (ILS), a minicomputer-based library automation system developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine. The process of moving a library from a manual to a computerized system required comprehensive planning and strong commitment by the staff. Implementation activities included hardware and software modification, conversion of manual files, staff training, and system publicity. ILS implementation resulted in major changes in procedures in the circulation, reference, and cataloging departments. PMID- 6688750 TI - Technology at Washington University School of Medicine Library: BACS, PHILSOM, and OCTANET. AB - A brief overview of the Bibliographic Access and Control System developed by the Washington University School of Medicine Library is presented. Because the system has been described in two previous reports, this paper focuses on its relationship to other automated programs (i.e., PHILSOM and OCTANET), education of users, evaluation of the system, and outreach to the medical center. In operation for more than two years, BACS represents the computerization of much of the managerial and operational functions of the library, and marks the completion of stage 1 of the three stages of library evolution described in the AAMC report Academic Information in the Academic Health Sciences Center: Roles for the Library in Information Management. PMID- 6688751 TI - Surgery for thyrotoxicosis. AB - Recent reports have suggested the use of radio-iodine for the treatment of all cases of thyrotoxicosis. This paper evaluates the results of 627 patients undergoing subtotal thyroidectomy with a mean follow-up of 5 X 8 years. The most common complications were hypothyroidism (26 X 6 per cent) and recurrent thyrotoxicosis (2 X 6 per cent). Permanent hypocalcaemia occurred in 8 cases (1 X 4 per cent) and one patient developed a permanent, though asymptomatic, unilateral cord palsy (0 X 2 per cent). Ultimately all patients receiving radio iodine appear to become hypothyroid and there is continued worry about possible thyroid malignancy. Almost 70 per cent of our cases were free of complications and euthyroid and we therefore believe that surgery remains the treatment of choice for thyrotoxicosis. We also discuss the difference in results between Graves disease and toxic multinodular goitre. PMID- 6688752 TI - Preventive involvement in child abuse and neglect by general pediatrician in a military community. AB - Thirty-three cases among nineteen troubled families of U.S. Coast Guard personnel with problems of child abuse and neglect in Hawaii were managed by joint U.S. Public Health Service, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Army, State and County child protection, social and health staff, and local and area-wide lay volunteers. These cases ranged from inaccurate accusations in an emergency room to abdominal gunshot wounds. The preventive role of primary pediatric involvement in community health areas such as pre-school, day care, prenatal infant care education, parent discussion groups, and lay therapists is stressed. The early intervention therapy of pediatric advocacy for social and psychological services to families in stress is emphasized. Continued pediatric leadership for prevention and early intervention is essential in our times of pervasive family breakdown. PMID- 6688753 TI - Evidence for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3) as a proaggregating agent in rat and human platelets. AB - In view of the established biological role for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (DHCC) in calcium mobilization and the significance of calcium availability in platelet activation, it was of interest to investigate the potential for DHCC to act as a proaggregating agent. The present results provide evidence that DHCC at a concentration of 0.01 micrograms/microL can both aggregate human platelets and potentiate ADP-induced platelet aggregation. DHCC was also capable of aggregating rat platelets. PMID- 6688755 TI - Treatment of hormone-resistant metastatic carcinoma of the prostate with 5-FU, doxorubicin, and mitomycin (FAM'): a preliminary report. AB - We treated 19 patients who had hormone-resistant adenocarcinoma of the prostate (stage D-2) with 5-FU, doxorubicin, and mitomycin (FAM'). All patients had extremely poor prognostic factors. Of the 16 patients evaluable for response, 44% had stabilization of disease and 56% had progressive disease. The median survival time for the stable disease group was 48 weeks, whereas that for the nonresponders was 26 weeks. The difference in survival time was statistically significant (P less than 0.002). The FAM' regimen was well-tolerated with minimal nausea, no vomiting, and moderate hematologic toxicity. PMID- 6688754 TI - Induction of specific monooxygenases by isosteric heterocyclic compounds of benz[a]anthracene, benzo[c]phenanthrene and chrysene. AB - Benzo[c]phenanthrene and a series of heterocyclic compounds (benzo[b]naphtho(1,2 d)thiophene; benzo[b]naphtho(2,1-d)thiophene; benz[a]acridine and benz[c]acridine) were tested to their capacity of inducing monooxygenase activity in rat liver by means of recording the metabolite profile of benz[a]anthracene formed in rat liver microsomal incubations. Although all compounds tested were found to be weak monooxygenase inducers the pretreatment of rats with them resulted in significant changes of the microsomal metabolite profile of benz[a]anthracene. The thiophenes equally gave rise to oxidation at the 5,6- and the 8,9-positions, whereas the benzacridines being isosteric to benz[a]anthracene favoured the K-region oxidation (5,6-oxidation). A structure-dependent effect of monooxygenase inducers on the metabolite profile of benz[a]anthracene is discussed. PMID- 6688756 TI - Interaction of pokeweed mitogen with poly(N-acetyllactosamine)-type carbohydrate chains. AB - The carbohydrate-binding specificities of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were studied by interaction between 125I-PWM and purified glycoproteins. Human erythrocyte membrane, band-3 glycoprotein bound 125I-PWM, but other glycoproteins containing triple-branched (tri-antennary)-complex-, double-branched (biantennary)-complex-, hybrid-, high-mannose, or small-mucin-type carbohydrate chains failed to bind 125I-PWM. Pretreatment of human erythrocytes with endo-beta-D-galactosidase prevented 125I-PWM binding to the erythrocytes, as well as to band-3 glycoprotein from these cells. Poly(N-acetyllactosamine) glycopeptides and complex-type glycopeptides purified from band-3 glycoprotein and porcine thyroglobulin, respectively, were labeled at their nonreducing, terminal D-galactosyl or 2 acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactosyl groups by D-galactose oxidase-sodium borotritide treatment and examined for interaction with agarose-immobilized PWM isolectins. From the binding behavior of these labeled glycopeptides on columns of immobilized-PWM isolectins, and from the interaction of various glycoproteins bearing known carbohydrate chains with 125I-PWM, it was concluded that all three major PWM isolectins (Pa-1, Pa-2, and Pa-4) bind specifically to poly(N acetyllactosamine) structures. PMID- 6688758 TI - [Free programmable image functions (windows) for computer tomography]. AB - Software windows are a flexible and general method for defining arbitrary functions for the mapping of Hounsfield-numbers of CT-scans on to the grey levels of the display image. The method which is illustrated with the aid of a few examples has been implemented on an EMI viewing console. PMID- 6688757 TI - Total therapeutic embolization of the kidney for hypertension in a child with a mycotic aneurysm. AB - A 7-year-old boy with bacterial endocarditis developed renal artery mycotic aneurysm and diffuse distal occlusions of the renal branches. Blood pressure in the patient returned to normal after obliteration of flow to the left kidney with Gelfoam, Ivalon, and a Gianturco coil. An end loop of the coil used for embolization remained in the lumen of the aorta against its lateral side. Improper coil placement did not result in complications; the boy later died due to neurologic and pulmonary complications. We discuss the therapeutic potential of renal embolization, as well as the risks of particulate and ethanol embolization, in the treatment of renal vascular hypertension from mycotic aneurysms. PMID- 6688759 TI - Acute knee injuries in athletes. PMID- 6688760 TI - [The electrophysiology laboratory. A modular unit for stimulator control]. PMID- 6688761 TI - Simple preparation of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid and deuterated choline derivatives. AB - Analytically pure 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid was prepared in gram amounts, using a simplified version of a previous procedure. The main step, enzymatic cleavage of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine with freshly extracted phospholipase D, was performed in the presence of chloroform and the crude phosphatidic acid was purified by silica gel column chromatography. The interest of the method was illustrated by the synthesis of two dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholines selectively deuterated on the polar headgroup. PMID- 6688762 TI - Comparative adsorption of natural lung surfactant, extracted phospholipids, and artificial phospholipid mixtures to the air-water interface. AB - Adsorption to the air-water interface of natural lung surfactant obtained by bovine lung lavage is compared and contrasted with the adsorption of mixtures of synthetic phospholipids and of extracted mixed lung lipids containing minimal protein. Surface pressure-time (pi-t) adsorption isotherms are measured at 35 degrees C for the surfactant mixtures as a function of the presence or absence of divalent metal cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and of heating to 45 degrees C or 90 degrees C. The effect of aqueous dispersion technique (sonication or mechanical vortexing) on the adsorption process is also studied for the extracted or synthetic phospholipid mixtures. The results imply that the protein component is necessary for the optimal adsorption of natural lung surfactant. However, by taking advantage of different methods available for phospholipid dispersion in an aqueous phase in vitro, it is possible to formulate dispersions of extracted lung phospholipids containing of order 1% protein which adsorb as well as the complete surfactant system. These results suggest that protein concentrations in surfactant mixtures can be minimized for applications such as exogenous lung surfactant replacement for the neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). However, for situations which may involve alterations in endogenous surfactant function such as in lung injury, effects involving pulmonary surfactant protein and protein-lipid interactions may be of functional significance. PMID- 6688763 TI - [Sexually transmitted diseases in a tropical urban milieu]. PMID- 6688765 TI - External quality control of clinical chemistry laboratories in Belgium. AB - A description is given of one of the existing National External Quality Assessment Schemes as organised in Belgium. The results of the six surveys held in 1981 in the disciplines Clinical Chemistry and Hormonology are reported. A few general conclusions are drawn from experimental data. PMID- 6688764 TI - A phase II study of m-AMSA in patients with malignant mesothelioma. AB - Nineteen patients with histologically confirmed malignant mesothelioma were treated with m-AMSA at the University of Pretoria. All patients had evaluable disease and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0-3. m-AMSA 120 mg/m2 was given IV every 3 weeks. Hematopoietic suppression was the major side-effect. Eleven patients developed leukopenia. There was one partial response (16 weeks), and a no change status was documented in 12 patients (median duration of 20 weeks). The median survival time of patients was 27 weeks from entry on study. Radionuclide ventricular ejection fraction tests were performed to evaluate cardiac function. PMID- 6688766 TI - Studies of urinary organic acid profiles of a patient with dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), urinary organic acid profile studies were carried out on a patient with dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) deficiency. Elevated levels of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid, 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid and 2-oxoisocaproic acid were observed in addition to lactic acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid, 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 2-hydroxybutyric acid previously described in patients with E3 deficiency. The 2-oxoglutaric acid levels were significantly lowered after branched-chain amino acid restriction. In an acute period, the patient was slightly ketoacidotic and excreted larger amounts of 2-oxoglutaric acid and lactic acid than in a static period. It was shown that, prior to confirmatory enzyme studies, patients with E3 deficiency who were suspected to have atypical maple syrup urine disease or chronic lactic acidosis can be rapidly identified by GC/MS analysis of urinary acids. PMID- 6688767 TI - Outcome of patients with Graves' disease after long-term medical treatment guided by triiodothyronine (T3) suppression test. AB - The value of the T3 suppressed 20-min uptake test for the prediction of post treatment outcome was studied in 193 unselected patients with Graves' disease treated with thionamide drugs and T3. One hundred and twenty-nine of 193 patients were studied previously and followed thereafter (Group A). Sixty-four were newly treated patients: thirty-three (Group B) were treated at the same hospital as Group A; thirty-one (Group C) were treated at another hospital. In total 126 patients out of 193 satisfied our criteria for suppression (total suppression rate, 65%). The suppression rate for new patients (55% in Group B, 52% in Group C) was similar to that for Group A in 1977 (49%) after comparable duration of treatment. The suppression rate for Group A increased with prolongation of the treatment period (49% in 1977 and 71% in 1981). As to the time course of suppression, it was observed that about two-thirds of the suppressed patients satisfied the criteria for suppression within 3 years of starting treatment. The number of suppressed patients per year decreased thereafter as the treatment periods increased. However, the yearly suppression rate did not decrease with time. The time course of suppression in each patient could not be predicted from the results of initial thyroid function tests. The overall remission rate among the 120 suppressed patients followed for 1-13 (mean, 4) years was 96%, which was almost equal to the value obtained in Group A in 1977 (95%) with the average follow-up period of 2 years. Among the 46 patients in Group A followed for 5-13 (mean, 7) years, no increase in relapse was observed with prolonged follow-up periods. Examination on the relationship between the duration of treatment and the post-treatment outcome revealed that, as a whole, the duration of treatment for the patients with relapse were rather short as compared with those for the patients in remission. These results confirm the usefulness of our T3 suppression test for predicting sustained remission of Graves' disease after treatment, and clearly indicate that long-term medical therapy could increase the number of remissions in patients with Graves' disease. PMID- 6688768 TI - [Basedow's disease and thyroglobulin]. PMID- 6688769 TI - [1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for hypoparathyroidism. Optimal maintenance dosage]. PMID- 6688770 TI - Inhibition in vitro of the polymerization of tubulin by uremic middle molecules: corrective effect of isaxonine. AB - The polymerization of tubulin leads to the formation of microtubules which are one of the components of the axons of nerve cells. This reaction is the limiting factor in the growth of axons. Uremic middle molecules inhibit in vitro the polymerization of tubulin in a dose dependent way. It is possible that a similar phenomenon could occur in vivo in uremic patients, and this might be involved in the development of neuropathy. In addition, isaxonine phosphate counteracts the inhibitory effect of uremic middle molecules on the polymerization of tubulin. PMID- 6688771 TI - A new microcomputer-based ECG analysis system. AB - A new automated ECG system using advances in microprocessor technology and computerized electrocardiography is described. This microcomputer-based system is self-contained and mobile. It acquires both the 12-lead and orthogonal lead (Frank) electrocardiograms and analyzes the latter within minutes. Software includes the program developed in the Veterans Administration which uses advanced statistical classification techniques and a large well-documented patient data base. Diagnostic probabilities are computed using a Bayesian approach. Diagnostic performance has been tested using independent clinical criteria and found to be quite accurate. This system enables the clinician to immediately review the computer's identifications, measurements, and diagnostic classifications and quickly use these results in clinical decision making. Serial comparisons are readily made since all previous recordings are stored on floppy diskettes. The use of microprocessors in this system makes it economically feasible for practicing physicians. PMID- 6688772 TI - Responses to furosemide in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. AB - As well as inducing natriuresis, intravenous furosemide increases renal prostanoid synthesis and induces renal vasodilation and a rapid rise in plasma renin activity (PRA). Patients with hypertension have abnormalities in renin release and renal vascular resistance that might be due to abnormalities in renal prostaglandin synthesis. We investigated responses to furosemide and placebo in normotensive (n = 13) and hypertensive (n = 14) subjects. There were no clear differences in PRA, sodium and water excretion, or excretion of prostanoid hydrolysis products (6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2) after placebo. In the hours after furosemide, 0.5 mg/kg-1, hypertensive subjects excreted more sodium, 189 +/- 13 mEq (mean +/- SE) and 154 +/- 8, and water, 1990 +/- 116 ml and 1614 +/- 109, than normotensive subjects. Excretion rates of creatinine and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha were much the same. Thromboxane B2 excretion rose in hypertensive subjects and was greater than in normotensive subjects (117.6 +/- 17.2 and 58.3 +/- 8.2 ng). With timed urine samples the excretion rate of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 increased transiently for 30 min or less, whereas sodium and water excretion rates remained elevated for 4 hr. PRA rose in both groups 10 min after injection but reached a higher level in normotensive subjects. These differences in excretion of prostanoid hydrolysis products likely reflect renal synthesis of prostanoids and may be responsible for functional abnormalities of the kidney of hypertensive patients. PMID- 6688774 TI - Transmission studies with the contagious equine metritis bacterium in albino Swiss mice. AB - Aspects of experimental transmission of the causal bacterium of contagious equine metritis (CEM) to albino Swiss mice were investigated. Whereas infection was established in the majority of female mice, the organism was recovered from only a limited number of male mice after challenge. No clinical evidence of infection was observed in the experimental mice. There was only one instance of presumptive venereal transmission of the CEM bacterium. One third of infected females conceived and had normal litters. PMID- 6688773 TI - Drug therapy questions & answers. PMID- 6688775 TI - Design and pharmacokinetic application of an analog computer program (MULS) for multiple dose simulation. AB - MULS is a simulation program developed on an analog computer equipped with logic elements. It is designed for multiple dose simulation of commonly encountered dosing schemes: equal or unequal dosing intervals, bolus and/or constant rate drug input, with or without loading dose. Appropriate pharmacokinetic models are defined independently of dosage regimen selection. The program can be used in routine operation for visualization of drug accumulation and optimum dosage regimen. Examples of the program outputs are presented. PMID- 6688776 TI - Computer-aided assessment of receptor status in human breast cancer. AB - Computer-aided analysis of simulated cytosolic estradiol-17 beta receptor binding data using Scatchard and nonlinear Mass Action models showed the latter to be superior. Simulation studies of binding data, incorporating the magnitude and uncertainties associated with inefficiencies of separating free from bound hormone, nonspecific and specific binding, allowed the prediction of uncertainties associated with estimates of receptor content. Realistic values for the minimum detectable receptor concentration that can be distinguished from zero with a given probability were also obtained and may be used as a cutoff value for selection of patients for hormone therapy. This improved reliability in quantification should more clearly define the prognostic value of these receptor assays with respect to adjuvant therapy for primary cancer following surgery or anti-estrogen treatment for recurrent disease, thereby improving the management of breast cancer. Computer simulations and regression analyses were performed on a PDP11/34 using programs written in FORTRAN IV. PMID- 6688777 TI - Genital ulcers caused by sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6688778 TI - Bronchoscopic therapy with neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser during intravenous anesthesia. Effect on arterial blood gas levels, pH, hemoglobin saturation, and production of abnormal hemoglobin. AB - Photoresection with the neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd-YAG) laser has been shown to be an effective bronchoscopic treatment for patients with obstructive lesions of the airway. We monitored levels of arterial blood gases, carbon monoxide, methemoglobin, and sulfmethemoglobin, and the hemoglobin oxygen saturation by ear oximeter in patients during intravenous anesthesia. The measurements were made after induction but before treatment with the Nd-YAG laser, during treatment, and immediately after treatment. Thirteen patients were entered into the study, ten of whom were used for statistical analysis. Partial arterial oxygen pressure decreased significantly during treatment (p less than 0.001). The alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference increased significantly during treatment (p less than 0.0025). The partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure increased significantly (p less than 0.005). The pH decreased significantly (p less than 0.02). No statistically significant change was found in the levels of carbon monoxide, methemoglobin, or sulfmethemoglobin. Comparison of arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation and hemoglobin oxygen saturation by ear oximeter revealed no statistically significant difference in the two methods. During the procedure, careful attention must be given to the patient's oxygenation and ventilation. These variables can be monitored satisfactorily during general anesthesia by the use of an ear oximeter and end tidal carbon dioxide analyzer. PMID- 6688779 TI - Effects of an antiulcer drug, sucralfate (a basic aluminum salt of sulfated disaccharide), on experimental gastric lesions and gastric secretion in rats. AB - The effects of oral sucralfate, a basic aluminum salt of sulfated disaccharide, on various experimental gastric lesions and on gastric secretion were studied in rats. Sucralfate at 300 mg/kg potently inhibited the development of Shay ulcers and indomethacin- and aspirin-induced erosions. The drug at 1000 mg/kg also potently inhibited histamine-induced erosions. Water-immersion stress-induced erosions were inhibited with 1000 mg/kg of the drug, but the degree of inhibition was weaker than that seen in other types of erosion formation. Sucralfate at 1000 mg/kg given twice daily for 14 days significantly accelerated the spontaneous healing of acetic acid-induced ulcers. Sucralfate at over 300 mg/kg tended to increase the volume of gastric juice but had an insignificant effect on acid and pepsin output of pylorus-ligated rats. As a whole, the effects of sucralfate on experimental gastric lesions appear to be much more potent than Maalox, propantheline bromide, and cimetidine. The mechanism of action of sucralfate remains to be determined. PMID- 6688780 TI - [Cloning of cDNA containing the sequence for mRNA of bovine alpha sl-casein]. PMID- 6688781 TI - Evidence that 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide, phenobarbital and 3,5 diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine induce the same cytochrome P450 mRNA in chick embryo liver. AB - The induction of cytochrome P450 in chick embryo liver has been studied using three different porphyrinogenic drugs, 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide, 3,5 diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine and phenobarbital. Pulse-labelling studies have shown that for each drug the cytochrome P450 synthesized either in ovo or in a wheat germ translation system reacted immunologically with antibody raised against the purified 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide-induced enzyme (Mr = 50000). To investigate whether this is due to the three drugs inducing the same protein or different proteins with common immunological determinants, nucleic acid hybridization studies have been carried out using a recently characterised 2 allyl-2-isopropylacetamide-induced cytochrome P450 cloned cDNA probe [Brooker, J. D. et al. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 129, 325-333]. It has been shown that the mRNA induced by each drug hybridizes with this probe and all are of similar size. The melting profile of the mRNA . cDNA hybrids indicates that the mRNAs induced by the three drugs have at least 98% homology with the cDNA probe. Restriction endonuclease digestions of total chick embryo genomal DNA and a chick cytochrome P450 genomal clone indicates that the cytochrome P450 gene homologous with the cDNA probe is represented in the genome only once. These results strongly suggest that the three drugs cause increased levels of the same cytochrome P450 mRNA, possibly due to enhanced expression of the same gene. Results are also presented which show that other cytochrome-P450-inducing drugs, 3-methylcholanthrene, beta naphthoflavone or pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile do not increase the level of the 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide-inducible mRNA but rather reduce it to a level which was lower than that of the untreated controls. PMID- 6688782 TI - Antinociceptive effect of centrally administered cyclo(N-methyl-L-Tyr-L-Arg) in the rat. AB - The tail-flick test was used to test cyclo(N-methyl-L-Tyr-L-Arg) (C.NMTA), kyotorphin (L-Tyr-L-Arg) and morphine for antinociceptive effects following injection into the cerebroventricles (lateral ventricle (VL), third ventricle (V3) and fourth ventricle (V4)) and into the spinal subarachnoid space in the rat. When injected into the VL, V3 and V4, but not into the spinal subarachnoid space, C.NMTA produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the tail-flick response to thermal stimulation. The ED50 values for each site were 61.0 (48.0-77.5), 40.0 (27.4-58.4) and 163.0 (86.7-306.4) nmol/rat, respectively. Behavioral sedation was seen when C.NMTA was injected into the VL, V3 and V4, but not into the spinal subarachnoid space. Kyotorphin was without antinociceptive effect when given by all routes. However, weak sedation was seen after injection into the cerebroventricles. Naloxone (2, 4 and 20 mg/kg), an opiate antagonist, injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) 20 min before C.NMTA injection, did not significantly alter the C.NMTA-induced antinociceptive effect. Additionally, naloxone (2, 4 and 20 mg/kg i.p.) did not abolish the sedative effect of this peptide. It is suggested that C.NMTA produced a naloxone-resistant antinociceptive effect mainly on the upper brain stem. PMID- 6688783 TI - Regulation of mRNA levels for microtubule proteins during nerve regeneration. AB - The molecular regulation of tubulin synthesis was investigated in the regenerating goldfish retina. Previous in vivo studies pointed to an increase in tubulin synthesis in the retina during regeneration of the injured goldfish optic nerve. Using labeled cDNA probes, we showed that this increase occurs as a result of enhanced tubulin mRNA levels. Analysis of labeled in vivo products revealed enhanced beta 2-tubulin synthesis accompanied by an increase in the level of the low-Mr microtubule-associated proteins identified as TAU factors. The results are discussed with respect to the possible involvement of these proteins in the process of nerve regeneration. PMID- 6688784 TI - Neuropeptide Y in neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells. Response to dexamethasone and nerve growth factor. AB - High concentrations of a newly-identified biologically potent peptide, neuropeptide Y, have been demonstrated in 3 related mouse neuroblastoma-derived clonal cell lines, N18TG2 0.35 pmol/mg protein, NG108-15 0.44 pmol/mg protein and NCB-20 0.39 pmol/mg protein. The NG108-15 cell line was chosen for further evaluation. Dexamethasone (10 microM) and nerve growth factor (10 ng/ml) resulted in a 2-fold increase in cellular neuropeptide Y concentrations. The response to dexamethasone was demonstrated to be dose-dependent. Exposure to both agents in combination resulted in a more than additive effect, indicating synergism. PMID- 6688785 TI - [Clinical evaluation of routinely applied highly sensitive TSH-RIA]. AB - Forty-one routine TSH assays were carried out by applying newly developed, highly sensitive TSH RIA (T. Mori, et al., Folia Endocrinol. Jap., 56: 1231, 1980). B/B0 percent of the least standard point (0.156 microU/ml) was consistently lower than B0 and higher than that of 0.31 microU/ml. The distributions of assayed TSH concentrations in 1394 sera revealed that 34.8% of the total were in an undetectable range when measured by conventional method (less than 1.0 microU/ml), but this method picked up 16.4% (0.156-1.0 microU/ml), and only 5.4% exceeded the upper limit (20 microU/ml). TRH test results (500 micrograms i.v. bolus) in 45 cases of thyroid disorders with low or normal basal TSH revealed that the peak TSH of those with basal TSH of 0.156-1.0 microU/ml (8.98 +/- 4.15 microU/ml) was significantly different from those of less than 0.156 microU/ml or 1.0-3.2 microU/ml. Further, TSH concentrations in 19 patients after T3 administration (75 micrograms X 7 days) were 0.183 +/- 0.073 microU/ml, and all but one (0.43 microU/ml) showed values lower than the normal range (0.31-3.2 microU/ml). Thyroid hormone concentrations in cases with TSH of 0.156-1.0 microU/ml were limited in the ranges of less than 300 ng/dl T3 and/or less than 15 micrograms/dl T4, and these were considered to be the threshold of definite TSH inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6688786 TI - [Studies on anti-T3 and anti-T4 autoantibodies found in 2 sisters with juvenile hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. III. Anti-rT3 autoantibodies]. AB - We previously reported that two sisters with juvenile hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis (case 1: 13 years old, case 2: 10 years old) had antibodies against T3 and T4, and that the titers of these antibodies decreased but remained above normal levels even in the euthyroid state during L-T4 treatment. In our further investigations we found the binding of 125I-rT3 to serum gamma-globulin in both cases in the pre-treatment period. This binding was completely inhibited by the addition of unlabelled rT3. In addition to these findings, we also found the presence of anti-rT3 antibodies in two rabbits (TG-1, TG-2) immunized with human thyroglobulin. Since it has been suggested that autoantibodies against thyroglobulin cross-react with T3 and T4, we examined the specificities of anti-rT3 antibodies which were found in both cases and in the two rabbits in order to clarify the role of thyroglobulin in rT3 antibody production. The association constants and binding capacities of rT3 antibodies in cases 1 and 2 were 2.9 X 10(8) M -1 and 50 ng/ml serum, and 2.2 X 10(9) M -1 and 1.5 ng/ml serum, respectively. Cross reactivities of these anti-rT3 antibodies with T3 and T4 were 1.8% and 276% in case 1, and 0.24% and 38% in case 2, respectively. These results suggest that anti-rT3 antibodies in case 1 are anti T4 antibodies interacting with rT3, and those in case 2 are antibodies against rT3 which have a high cross reactivity with T4. In both cases, however, cross reactivities with T3 were very small. Cross reactivities of anti-rT3 antibodies with T3 and T4 in TG-1 and TG-2 were 4.0% and 53%, and 53% and 182%, respectively. These data were compatible with those obtained from both cases. The observation that anti-rT3 antibodies found in two sisters and two rabbits immunized with human thyroglobulin had similar characteristics in terms of cross reactivities with T3 and T4 suggests the role of thyroglobulin as an antigen in rT3 antibody production in both patients. PMID- 6688787 TI - Controlling infectious diseases--future insight. PMID- 6688788 TI - The presence of peptide histidine-isoleucine in human, dog, guinea-pig and rat pancreas. AB - Peptide histidine isoleucine-like immunoreactivity has been detected in the pancreas of man (10.3 +/- 2.6 pmol/g), dog (6.5 +/- 1.1 pmol/g), guinea-pig (5.8 +/- 0.9 pmol/g) and rat (0.7 +/- 0.1 pmol/g) using a specific radioimmunoassay. Chromatographic analysis of the pancreatic extracts by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that both guinea-pig and rat have a molecular form of the immunoreactivity which is distinct from the porcine intestinal peptide histidine-isoleucine. PMID- 6688789 TI - Response to the society of toxicology task force re-examination of the ED01 study. AB - This communication has re-examined and justified certain of the NCTR's analyses and recommendations from the ED01 Study, which were either misunderstood or misinterpreted by the SOT Task Force. In addition, we have shown that some of the Task Force's own analyses and interpretations are subject to review on scientific grounds. The Task Force's rejection of the linear extrapolation method recommended by the NCTR was stated because of a suspected force-fitting of a linear model to data, an approach that is not part of the NCTR procedure. In suspecting a protective effect of 2-AAF against bladder tumors, the Task Force used an inappropriate model that overpredicted the background bladder tumor rate in control mice. Contrary to the Task Force's belief, a failure to account adequately for time to tumor response was more characteristic of analyses performed by the Task Force rather than those performed by the NCTR. The Task Force's questioning of the multistage model for risk assessment was based on its use of inappropriate, crude tumor data rather than upon NCTR's use of the multistage model with time-adjusted tumor data. The Hartley-Sielken model did not fit the ED01 tumor data as well as the Task Force had presumed. In a risk extrapolation comparison by the Task Force, a coarse time partition of the ED01 data that had been questioned by the Task Force actually produced more stable results than a finer partition proposed by the Task Force. Another problem in the Task Force report concerns the change of protocol. Instead of resulting in a loss of strength as anticipated by the Task Force, the change of protocol during the ED01 Study resulted in an increase in information as alluded to by the Task Force. If the Task Force's proposal for restricting the length of feeding studies had been followed in the ED01 Study, most of the dose related tumor information would not have been obtained. Also, the Task Force's belief that low doses of 2 AAF had some effect on the prevention of early death was not supported by a statistical analysis. In summary, the review conducted by the SOT Task Force contained some misleading representations of the data from the ED01 Study and statements that showed a misunderstanding of NCTR's analyses of the study. PMID- 6688790 TI - Jejunal manometry patterns in health, partial intestinal obstruction, and pseudoobstruction. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of jejunal manometry in evaluating patients having partial small intestinal obstruction or the pseudoobstruction syndrome. We studied 10 healthy volunteers, 9 patients with documented mechanical obstruction, and 3 patients with chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction during fasting and for 2 h after a 650-kcal meal. Contractile activity, especially during phase 2, was extremely variable in all individuals studied. After the meal, the most striking finding in mechanical obstruction was the regular occurrence of clustered contractions. These were defined as 3-10 regular contractions, occurring 1 per 5 s, preceded and followed by at least 1 min of absent motor activity. The associated periods of quiescent motor activity may account for the unexpectedly reduced frequency and motility index in obstructed patients compared with normal subjects after the meal. Two different contractile patterns occurred in patients with pseudoobstruction. Before and after the meal, infrequent and low-amplitude contractions occurred in 2 patients, and multiple, aborally migrating, clustered contractions occurred in the other patient with pseudoobstruction. Manometric abnormalities occur in both mechanical obstruction and pseudoobstruction. However, the technique is probably not more sensitive than radiologic procedures, and the abnormalities that are detected by manometry are not specific. Some of the same motility changes occurred in both disorders. PMID- 6688791 TI - Comparison of sequence repetitiveness of human cDNA and genomic DNA using the miniplasmid vector, piVX. AB - We studied the sequence repetitiveness of human cDNA and genomic DNA fragments inserted in the miniplasmid piVX. Sequence repetitiveness was assayed by the frequency with which a given insert mediated recombination between the chimeric miniplasmid and a recombinant bacteriophage library constructed from large random human genomic fragments. The methodology allows rapid analysis and isolation of sequences of a given copy number in the genome: few (1 to 10 copies), low order repeated (10 to 100 copies) and a more highly repeated (over 100 copies). In a model application of the method, the distribution of these classes of sequences was compared in cDNA and genomic DNA libraries constructed in piVX. The major difference observed between cDNA and genomic DNA repeat structure was the paucity of highly repeated elements in cDNA copies from high-molecular-weight cytoplasmic poly(A) + RNA. PMID- 6688792 TI - Trichomoniasis: mechanism of infection, recurrences and reinfections in man. PMID- 6688793 TI - [Microcomputer-assisted planning of strabismus surgery--concomitant and paralytic strabismus]. PMID- 6688794 TI - [Retinopathy of prematurity: new perspectives on its pathogenesis]. PMID- 6688795 TI - Selecting a computer system for a mental health center. PMID- 6688796 TI - Meniscal lesions in children and adolescents: a review of the pathology and clinical presentation. AB - Findings at 56 arthrotomies in a series of children of 15 years of age and younger, who were suspected of having meniscal lesions were recorded and correlated with the preoperative history, findings from physical examination and some diagnostic tests. The results suggest that both the most common pathological lesions and the mode of presentation of meniscal lesions in children differ from those most commonly seen in adults. In children, an accurate history, physical examination, prolonged observation, and even direct inspection at arthrotomy may often be unreliable in determining the true pathology. These data combined with recent reports of the poor long-term prognosis after meniscectomy in children stress the need for making an accurate diagnosis by arthroscopy and arthrography before embarking on meniscectomy. PMID- 6688797 TI - Pilot study on the absolute and relative bioavailability of Synthroid and Levothroid, two brands of sodium levothyroxine. AB - The absolute and relative bioavailability of levothyroxine was determined in young, healthy male subjects after administration of i.v. solution, p.o. solution, or one of two brand-name, commercially available tablets. The mean dose size was about 0.18 mg. Serum concentration-time data were obtained over a period of 50 h. The absolute bioavailabilities of the two tablet preparations were 66% and 72%, respectively. PMID- 6688798 TI - Bioavailability of rifampicin capsules. AB - In a 3-year bioavailability program 14 studies in 45 healthy volunteers were carried out to differentiate between experimental lots of rifampicin (RMP) capsules and marketed preparations of other manufacturers with lower bioavailability than Rifadin (RFD), used as standard reference drug. In each study single oral doses of 600 mg of 2-5 different RMP preparations were administered to 6-12 volunteers in fasting conditions according to a balanced crossover design. The pharmacokinetic parameters of RFD capsules were practically identical for the same batch tested at different times and for several batches tested in different groups of subjects. Variations in particle size, excipients, or manufacturing process of the experimental preparations or capsules marketed by other manufacturers produced a marked change in bioavailability of RMP. An additional study in four volunteers given 450 mg RMP confirmed that the absorption of RMP is less when the drug is taken with food. It is concluded that due to the wide variability in individual serum levels reported in the literature, some patients who absorb RMP poorly may be given ineffective therapy, especially when there are several concomitant unfavorable factors, such as a poor drug product or the effect of food. PMID- 6688799 TI - Pirenzepine in long-term therapy for duodenal ulcer. AB - A total of 60 patients with endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulcer were treated with pirenzepine or cimetidine for 8-10 weeks until endoscopic healing of the ulcer. After ulcer healing 20 random patients received 50 mg pirenzepine per os daily for 6 months, 20 received 400 mg cimetidine per os daily for 6 months, and the remaining 20 received topic antacids for 6 months whenever they complained of pyrosis and/or epigastric pain. Endoscopic checks were repeated after 6 months (or earlier, if clinical picture was consistent with relapsing ulcer). Relapsing duodenal ulcer or erosive duodenitis was observed in 5 patients treated with pirenzepine (25%), in 4 patients treated with cimetidine (20%), and in 13 patients treated with occasional antacids (65%). Differences were significant between the antacid-treated patients and each of the other two groups, but not significant between pirenzepine-treated and cimetidine-treated groups. PMID- 6688801 TI - Proceedings of the twenty-seventh annual American Osteopathic Association/National Osteopathic Foundation research conference, 1983: Part 1. Abstracts. PMID- 6688800 TI - Prevention of recurrent uric acid and calcium oxalate stones by administration of the xanthine oxidase inhibitors Milurit 100 and Milurit 300. AB - Disturbances in purine metabolism with hyperuricaemia and/or hyperuricosuria are a risk factor in uric acid and Ca oxalate stone formation. By way of a competitive xanthine oxidase inhibition, the formation of uric acid is reduced by allopurinol. In investigations on two groups of patients, Milurit could be demonstrated to decrease the uric acid levels in serum and urine. No differences could be seen in the dosages of 3 x 100 mg or 1 x 300 mg Milurit. Therefore, in stone recurrence prevention, the administration of Milurit 300 is recommended. PMID- 6688802 TI - Oxidant- and lipid-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction mediated by arachidonic acid metabolites. AB - In experiments using isolated rabbit lungs perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer in a nonrecirculating manner, we found that administration of an organic peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-bu-OOH), or Intralipid, an esterified mixture of unsaturated fatty acids, caused a marked vasopressor response which was associated with increased levels of thromboxane in the effluent perfusate. The vasopressor response to t-bu-OOH was greater in the lungs of vitamin E deficient animals, and this could be correlated with an attenuated ability to increase prostacyclin production in these lungs. Conversely, administration of Intralipid to normal lungs caused marked increases in prostacyclin and a smaller pressor response. The magnitude of the pressor response was strongly correlated with the ratio of thromboxane B2 to the prostacyclin metabolite. No release of these mediators was associated with pulmonary vasoconstriction caused by administration of angiotensin II. The pressor response could be completely blocked by administration of indomethacin. We propose that this activation of the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism may be important in the pathophysiology of oxidant lung damage. PMID- 6688803 TI - Lymphosarcoma and fracture of the mandible in a cow. PMID- 6688804 TI - A new antitumor antibiotic, awamycin. AB - A new antibiotic, awamycin, was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. No. 80-217. It appeared to belong to the quinone indicator group from results of physicochemical studies and has the empirical formula C38H49NO12S. This antibiotic possessed antibacterial and antitumor activities against Gram-positive bacteria and experimental murine tumors. The antibiotic also showed direct cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells in vitro. PMID- 6688805 TI - Laser Raman studies on myosin, C-protein and myosin-C-protein complex. AB - The Raman spectra of purified myosin, C-protein and myosin-C-protein complex in aqueous solution, as well as that of pelleted filaments, were analyzed. The analyses confirmed that C-protein adopts a predominantly non-alpha-helical structure, while myosin adopts a predominantly alpha-helical structure. Neither 10 mM MgCl2 nor filament formation induced large conformational changes of purified myosin. Thermal denaturation of purified myosin, however, induced large changes in the Raman spectrum owing to conformational changes. It is likely that the binding of myosin and C-protein is not accompanied by large conformational changes of the proteins. PMID- 6688806 TI - Regulation of prolactin mRNA by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in GH4C1 cells. AB - GH4C1 cells, which possess specific cytosolic binding for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3), have previously been found to respond to this hormone with a highly selective increase in prolactin synthesis. Here we extend our previous observations by measuring the effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on the accumulation of specific mRNA in GH4C1 cells, using cytoplasmic dot hybridization. In a hormone free, chemically defined medium containing 0.4 mM Ca2+, stimulation of prolactin mRNA accumulation was 200-215% of control after 96 h of treatment with 1 X 10(-9) M 1,25-(OH)2D3. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (1 X 10(-7) M) caused a similar increase in prolactin mRNA (206% of control). Neither hormone increased growth hormone mRNA. Stimulation of prolactin mRNA by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was 163% of control after 48 h and 200% after 96 h. No consistent effect was observed in the first 24 h of treatment. The same response to 48 h treatment with 1,25-(OH)2D3 was observed whether the cells were withdrawn from serum-containing medium for 24 h (as above) or 72 h. In cells withdrawn for 96 h, 1,25-(OH)2D3 raised prolactin mRNA within 24 h. The effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was significant at a concentration of 10(-11) M, and half-maximal at approximately 10(-10) M. In low-Ca2+ medium, the response to greater than 10(-10) M 1,25-(OH)2D3 was eliminated. Extracellular Ca2+ (0.4 mM) increased prolactin mRNA in the presence of, but not in the absence of, 1,25-(OH)2D3. These findings demonstrate that 1,25-(OH)2D3 enhanced prolactin gene expression with a distinctive time course and interactively with calcium. PMID- 6688807 TI - Liposome-mediated augmentation of superoxide dismutase in endothelial cells prevents oxygen injury. AB - Increased intracellular production of oxygen radicals is a major etiology of cell damage from many quinoid antibiotics, environmental toxicants, and hyperoxia. Enhancing the intracellular content of protective enzymes can provide a means of limiting biological damage caused by free radicals. Liposomal entrapment and intracellular delivery of superoxide dismutase to cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells increased the specific activity of cellular superoxide dismutase 6 to 12-fold. This augmented superoxide dismutase activity persisted in cultured endothelial cell monolayers and rendered these cells resistant to oxygen induced injury. Culture of confluent endothelial cells in hyperoxia increased 51Cr and lactate dehydrogenase release in an oxygen concentration-dependent manner. Superoxide dismutase-augmented endothelial cells were resistant to oxygen damage compared to untreated controls, in a superoxide dismutase concentration dependent manner. Free superoxide dismutase in the absence or presence of liposomes containing no enzyme had no effect on cellular enzyme activity and did not protect from oxygen damage. Liposomes made from saturated fatty acid containing phospholipids had a small but significant protective effect on oxygen induced cell damage. These liposomes probably increased endothelial cell membrane saturated lipid content and thereby decreased peroxidative damage when the cells were exposed to hyperoxia. Conversely, preincubation of cells with arachidonic acid increased cell arachidonic acid content, sensitivity to hyperoxia, and hyperoxia-induced production of thiobarbituric acid material. These data suggest that intracellular delivery of superoxide dismutase prevents oxygen-induced cell damage and that superoxide is an important mediator of cellular oxygen toxicity. PMID- 6688808 TI - Molecular cloning of human adenosine deaminase gene sequences. AB - Using a mixture of synthetic 17-mer oligonucleotides encoding the 64 possible sequences for a peptide of adenosine deaminase as probe, we have isolated a clone for adenosine deaminase mRNA sequences from a collection of T-cell cDNA recombinants. This cDNA clone, phADA-1, contains an insert of 0.8 kilobase. In addition to the peptide chosen for synthesis of the oligonucleotide probe, the complete DNA sequence predicts 16 other experimentally determined peptides. Mapping of total cellular human DNAs with several restriction enzymes revealed relatively simple patterns of hybridization with phADA-1 as probe, including a polymorphism for PvuII cleavage. In agreement with previous studies, the adenosine deaminase gene was localized by blot hybridization to chromosome 20 in a hybrid cell mapping panel. Using the cDNA as probe, an 18-kilobase EcoRI fragment of human cellular DNA was also cloned in bacteriophage Charon 4A. These adenosine deaminase clones will prove valuable in the full characterization of the cellular gene, molecular analysis of inherited enzyme deficiency associated with immunodeficiency, and regional mapping of human chromosome 20. PMID- 6688809 TI - Effects of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D on the renal vitamin K-dependent carboxylating system. AB - The vitamin K-dependent production of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein occurs in the kidney. This protein, which we will call KGP, has no assigned physiological role. In the experiments described here, the effects of the calcium-regulating hormones, parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3), on the renal vitamin K-dependent carboxylation system were studied. PTH, when administered via continuous infusion at 3 units/h using a subcutaneous osmotic pump, caused a time-dependent increase in the activity of the renal gamma-glutamyl carboxylase which was detectable after 2 days and continued to increase up to day 7 of infusion. The increase was more marked in thyroparathyroidectomized rats than in intact rats, suggesting the possibility of an antagonistic action by endogenous calcitonin. Treatment of intact rats with 1,25-(OH)2D3 by daily intraperitoneal injections also caused a time-dependent increase in the activity of the carboxylase. When the warfarin-mediated accrual in renal microsomes of the precursor of KGP was measured, treatment with either parathyroid hormone plus warfarin or 1,25-(OH)2D3 plus warfarin caused a significant increase in precursor relative to animals treated with warfarin alone. Thus, the synthesis of KGP is modulated by these two calcium regulating hormones both by increasing the synthesis of KGP precursor as well as by increasing the activity of the carboxylase enzyme which catalyzes post translational modification of the precursor. PMID- 6688810 TI - Cyclic cytoplasmic activity of non-nucleate egg fragments of Xenopus controls the morphology of injected sperms. AB - Triton X-100-treated sperms were injected into non-nucleate egg fragments of Xenopus laevis to determine whether the structure of the injected sperm nucleus is affected by the cyclic activity of the cytoplasm. Swollen vesicular nuclei were very frequently observed when the sperms were injected and incubated during the 'rounding-up' phase of the recipient fragment, whereas no such structures were found when they were incubated during the 'relaxing' phase. PMID- 6688811 TI - High-performance liquid-chromatographic method for the determination of 4'-(9 acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide in plasma. AB - A rapid and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the measurement of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (AMSA), a new anticancer drug, has been developed. The method employed an analogue of AMSA, 4' (3-methyl-9-acridinylamino)methanesulphonanilide as internal standard. Plasma samples were acidified, washed with hexane, readjusted to pH 9.0 and extracted with diethyl ether. The evaporated extract was chromatographed on a Radial-Pak C18 column using acetonitrile--water containing 0.01 mol/l triethylamine phosphate as mobile phase. Detection was by UV absorbance at 254 nm. Chromatography time for each sample was 5.5 min. Using 0.5 ml of plasma, AMSA concentrations as low as 50 nmol/l could be measured with acceptable accuracy and precision. Patients samples remained stable when stored at -20 degrees C for up to one month. Plasma AMSA concentrations were followed for 24 h after 200 mg/m2 infusions in two patients with acute myeloid leukemia. This method appears eminently suitable for investigation of the pharmacokinetics of AMSA in patients and laboratory animals. PMID- 6688812 TI - Cholinergic receptor control mechanisms for L-dopa, apomorphine, and clonidine induced growth hormone secretion in man. AB - The effect of pirenzepine, an anticholinergic agent, on GH release induced by L dopa (500 mg po), apomorphine (0.75 mg sc), and clonidine (0.150 mg iv) administration was studied in a group of normal men. Pirenzepine, a cholinergic muscarinic antagonist, completely blocked the GH rise induced by dopamine- and adreno-receptor stimulation. In contrast, the PRL-inhibiting action of L-dopa was not modified by the cholinergic antagonist. The data suggest that acetylcholine and its receptors are important regulators of the neurosecretory mechanisms that control GH secretion in man. PMID- 6688815 TI - Lectins in wheat gluten proteins. PMID- 6688813 TI - Direct regulation by calcium of cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleic acid coding for pre-proparathyroid hormone in isolated bovine parathyroid cells. AB - DNA complementary to bovine preproparathyroid hormone mRNA was cloned and labeled by nick translation in order to measure mRNA by molecular hybridization. Bovine parathyroid cells were maintained in primary tissue culture for periods up to 96 h at 0.5 mM, 1.25 mM, and 2.5 mM calcium, which was followed by extraction of cellular RNA. Levels of mRNA showed no differences at 0.5 or 1.25 mM calcium, but at high calcium levels, there was a reversible decrease that began at 16 h to a plateau at 30% of control after 72 h. These studies suggest that the glandular capacity to synthesize hormone may be at or near maximal at normal calcium, but at high calcium, there is a decrease over time in steady state levels of mRNA. PMID- 6688814 TI - Metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 by cultured pulmonary alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis. AB - Metabolism of [3H]25-hydroxyvitamin D3(25-OH-D3) was studied in primary cultures of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) from seven patients with sarcoidosis and two patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Production of a [3H]1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-[OH]2-D3)-like metabolite of [3H]25-OH-D3 was detected in lipid extracts of cells from five patients with sarcoidosis. Synthesis of this compound in vitro was limited to viable PAM and was greatest in cells derived from a patient with hypercalcemia and an elevated serum concentration of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. The tritiated PAM metabolite coeluted with authentic 1,25 (OH)2-D3 in three different solvent systems on straight-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and demonstrated binding to extracted receptor for 1,25-(OH)2-D3, which was identical to that of commercially available [3H]1,25 (OH)2-D3 of comparable specific activity. Incubation of PAM with high concentrations of 25-OH-D3 resulted in production of an unlabeled metabolite that co-chromatographed with the 3H-PAM metabolite on HPLC and that was bound with high affinity by both the specific receptor for 1,25-(OH)2-D3 and antiserum to 1,25-(OH)2-D3. PMID- 6688817 TI - Knee meniscal repair. PMID- 6688816 TI - Absence of shock-like reactions to ivermectin in dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis. AB - Six dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis and known to develop shock-like reactions after administration of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) were given ivermectin 50 micrograms/kg orally. None of the dogs showed any adverse reaction and subsequently all reacted to DEC 20 mg/kg orally. PMID- 6688818 TI - Online. PMID- 6688819 TI - LDsCAN reviews begin. PMID- 6688820 TI - Radio Shack K-8 Math Program. PMID- 6688821 TI - PAL, Reading 4. PMID- 6688822 TI - The computer for practice management: Part I. System goals and design and elements of the system. PMID- 6688823 TI - A probability matrix for identification of some Streptomycetes. AB - The character state data obtained for clusters defined at the 77.5% SSM similarity level in the phenetic numerical classification described by Williams et al. (1983) were used to construct a probabilistic identification matrix. The 23 phena included were the major clusters (19 Streptomyces, 2 Streptoverticillium and 'Nocardia' mediterranea) and one minor cluster (Streptomyces fradiae). The characters most diagnostic for these clusters were selected using Sneath's CHARSEP and DIACHAR programs. The resulting matrix consisted of 41 characters x 23 phena. Identification scores, determined by Sneath's MATIDEN program were used to evaluate the matrix. Theoretical assessment was achieved by determination of the cluster overlap (OVERMAT), the identification scores for the Hypothetical Medium Organism of each cluster (MOSTTYP), and the scores for randomly selected cluster representatives using the classification data of Williams et al. (1983). The matrix was evaluated practically by the independent re-determination of the characters for the same cluster representatives, which also provided a measure of test error. Finally it was used to identify unknown isolates from a range of habitats. The results showed that the matrix was theoretically sound. Test error was within acceptable limits and did not distort identifications. Of the unknown isolates, 80% were clearly identified with a cluster. It is suggested that the matrix could form the basis for a more objective identification and grouping of the large number of Streptomyces species which have been described. PMID- 6688824 TI - Value of computerized dietary analysis in pediatric nutrition: an analysis of 147 patients. AB - A computerized dietary analysis program was used in an ambulatory setting to assess adequacy of intake and alterations in a variety of dietary constituents. A TRS-80 microcomputer was programmed using 1980 National Academy of Sciences Recommended Dietary Allowances. Seventy-two hour dietary intakes of 147 patients were analyzed for average intake of 13 nutrients, nutrients per kilogram body weight, comparison with 1980 RDA, and percent of total calories as carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Six groups were studied, including patients with failure to thrive without diarrhea, with diarrhea without malabsorption, with diarrhea with malabsorption, with cystic fibrosis, and with constipation, and controls. A wide range of values for different dietary constituents was found in all groups and in individual patients. This program is an easy, practical, and rapid method for analyzing dietary intake, and can be used to screen for a variety of nutritional disorders. PMID- 6688825 TI - A computer-generated blood gas display in a newborn intensive care unit. AB - A computer was programmed to collect, store, analyze, and display blood gas data in a newborn intensive care unit. Data were displayed if they were (1) markedly abnormal or (2) represented a worsening trend. A controlled study demonstrated that, with the display, the markedly abnormal blood gas values were followed by normal values in a shorter period, and fewer worsening trends progressed. However, with the computer-generated display, there were more overcorrections of both the markedly abnormal blood gas values and the detected worsening trends. The occurrence of pneumothoraces was associated with these overcorrected blood gas values. There were no significant differences in duration of supplemental oxygen administration, duration of tracheal intubation, or mortality between the infants cared for during the time of the computer-generated display and those cared for during the control period. This study demonstrates both benefits and risks of computer-generated displays and emphasizes the need for thorough evaluations of such systems. PMID- 6688826 TI - The management of meniscal cysts. PMID- 6688827 TI - Lymphosarcoma in a cat. AB - Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) antigen was detected in a cat from Cape Town which was subjected to euthanasia after a long history of upper respiratory infection and progressive emaciation. Based on the necropsy findings and subsequent histopathological examinations, a diagnosis of lymphosarcoma was made. It is regarded as likely that this tumour was caused by infection with FeLV. PMID- 6688828 TI - [Lymphosarcoma as a rare cause of rectal prolapse in a dog]. AB - A case is presented of a dog with a lymphocytic lymphosarcoma of the rectum without systemic involvement. The dog showed bloody stools and rectal prolapse. The diagnosis and treatment is discussed. PMID- 6688829 TI - Potential antitumor agents. 38. 3-substituted 5-carboxamido derivatives of amsacrine. AB - The synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 3-substituted 5 carboxamido derivatives of amsacrine (m-AMSA) are described. This series was developed as the result of previous quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies of the antitumor activity of 9-anilinoacridine derivatives. In agreement with these studies, this class of compounds, possessing a variety of small nonpolar groups at the 3-position, together with very hydrophilic carboxamido groups at the 5-position, have high in vivo activity against animal leukemia models. PMID- 6688830 TI - Potential antitumor agents. 39. Anilino ring geometry of amsacrine and derivatives: relationship to DNA binding and antitumor activity. AB - The clinical antileukemic drug amsacrine and analogues are thought to exert their biological activity by binding tightly but reversibly to DNA, with the acridine chromophore intercalated and the anilino group making additional binding contact in the minor groove of the double helix. In this binding model the steric environment around the 3'- and 5'-positions of the anilino ring is crucial. Two 3',5'-disubstituted analogues of amsacrine have been prepared, and their conformation, DNA binding properties, and antitumor activity were determined and compared with corresponding unsubstituted and 3'-substituted compounds. Addition of 3'- and 3',5'-substituents have little effect on minimum-energy conformations of the anilino side chain but have significant effects on DNA binding and biological activity. Monosubstitution lowers binding constants several-fold, but intercalative binding with extensive drug-base pair overlap is retained. Disubstitution lowers binding further, and although the binding is still intercalative as assessed by unwinding angles, it appears to occur with little drug-base pair overlap, as determined by high-field NMR studies of DNA imino proton shifts. These changes in DNA binding are accompanied by an abrupt change in biological activity, with the 3',5'-disubstituted analogues proving inactive and nontoxic even though other physicochemical properties, such as lipophilicity and stability, remain within acceptable limits. This study provides further evidence that the binding of drugs to DNA has a critical influence on their biological activity. PMID- 6688831 TI - Changes in SRBC binding capacity and T-surface antigen expression on human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). AB - The expression of surface markers was analyzed on human peripheral blood lymphocytes after exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a tumor promoter which is known to have a mitogenic effect on human T-cells. A significant decrease in the proportion of cells capable of binding to SRBC under different experimental conditions (active (EA), high affinity (EH), total (ET) rosettes) was observed after 20 hr exposure to TPA. After 4 days incubation, the ability to form EH and ET rosettes was recovered, while a significant increase in the proportion of EA and temperature stable (ES) rosettes compared with control cultures was observed. Using monoclonal antibodies directed against different T lymphocyte subpopulations, a depression in the proportion of cells reacting with OKT3 (pan T) and OKT4 (helper/inducer) antibodies was observed, after both early and late exposure to TPA. On the contrary, the positivity with OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) antibody was not affected at any time of culture. These findings suggest that, in normal blood, TPA can modulate the expression of T-cell receptors, and that T-lymphocytes with helper/inducer phenotype appear to be the target of the TPA-induced membrane changes. PMID- 6688833 TI - Construction of clinical algorithms. PMID- 6688832 TI - Relief of continuous chronic pain by intraspinal narcotics infusion via an implanted reservoir. AB - Ten patients with intractable pain (five cancer and five nonmalignant) were treated with continuous intraspinal morphine delivered by an implanted continuous infusion system. Both patient groups were evaluated and compared using an identical battery of psychometric examinations administered before and 12 weeks after therapy. The cancer-pain group reported significant reduction in pain on serial visual pain analogue scales at 12 weeks compared with no change in the nonmalignant-pain group reports despite a much lower baseline report in the cancer group. Both groups of patients reduced their oral narcotic requirement significantly during continuous intraspinal morphine infusion. While the cancer patients took more oral narcotic at baseline, at 12 weeks no difference existed in oral intake between the two groups. Both groups required significant serial increases in infused morphine, indicating that spinal opiate receptor tolerance occurs. The results of this study confirm the sustained analgesic efficacy reported earlier in cancer-related pain syndromes, thus supporting further cautious expansion of this therapy within the cancer-related pain population. In contrast, a poor response was seen in the nonmalignant-pain group, consistent with the unsatisfactory responses to many potentially analgetic approaches to chronic nonmalignant pain. We are thus discouraged from further use of this therapy in the patient with chronic nonmalignant pain. PMID- 6688834 TI - [Platform designed to measure the floor contact and temporal factors in walking]. PMID- 6688836 TI - Plasma level of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in neonatal calves. PMID- 6688835 TI - Changes of alveolar stability and phospholipids in pulmonary surfactant in acute pancreatitis. AB - We investigated changes of alveolar stability and phospholipids in the pulmonary surfactant in case of acute pancreatitis induced in rats. Alveolar stability was examined by recording the pressure-volume relationship. The lung volumes during deflation decreased significantly at equivalent transpulmonary pressures, particularly when the pressure was lower than 6 cm H2O. Bubble stability ratio and surface tension indicated that the surface activity of the pulmonary surfactant did decrease in the rats with acute pancreatitis. The alveolar phospholipid content decreased, and the lecithin fraction also decreased significantly, as compared to the control groups. The metabolism of alveolar lecithin was examined following intravenous administration of 14C-labeled palmitate. The biological half-life of the radioactivity of alveolar lecithin was approximately 6 hours in the pancreatitis group, 12 hours in the hepatic ducts ligated group and 14 hours in the simple laparotomy group. The degradation of alveolar lecithin, as well as its synthesis, was accelerated in the rats with acute pancreatitis. However, a decrease in alveolar phospholipid, mainly in lecithin fraction, indicated that the synthesis was inadequate to maintain normal levels and the impairment in pulmonary surfactant may result in a respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 6688837 TI - [Mechanism of action of penicillamine D in the neonatal period]. PMID- 6688838 TI - [Lymphosarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6688839 TI - [Determination of the limits of radical operations in lymphoreticulosarcoma of the stomach]. PMID- 6688840 TI - Pathology of diabetic neuropathy: new observations, new hypotheses. PMID- 6688841 TI - Effect of one year clofazimine therapy on autonomic functions in lepromatous leprosy with lepra (ENL) reaction. AB - Twenty patients of either sex of Lepromatous leprosy with frequent type II (ENL) reactions were selected for the study after exclusion of autonomic disorders. ANS functions were evaluated before and after Clofazimine therapy at an interval of two months for one year. Sweat function test, valsalva manoeuvre, Histamine triple response, cold pressor test and Homatropine instillation were carried out in twenty normal healthy volunteers (controls) and the (ENL) patients. Clofazimine was administered initially 100 mg three times daily for one month and then gradually reduced to a dose of 100 mg biweekly for the last three months. Before the clofazimine therapy, eighteen patients had abnormal sweat functions, five patients had abnormal valsalva score, five patients had abnormal cold pressor response and all the eighteen patients had abnormal histamine triple response test. Homatropine instillation test was normal in all the patients. ANS functions did not improve significantly with Clofazimine therapy, except in one patients with abnormal cold pressor response who showed slight improvement in pressor response which, however, did not reach the normal value. ANS function tests indicate complete involvement of local axon reflex and hyporeactivity of sympathetic system and cardiac regulatory mechanisms in these patients. Parasympathetic system seems to be normal as seen from Homatropine instillation test. PMID- 6688842 TI - In-vitro measurement of static pressure distribution in synovial joints--Part I: Tibial surface of the knee. AB - In this first part of a two-part paper, the results of measurement of static pressure distribution on the tibial surface of the knee are presented. Results with intact menisci have been obtained from 18 specimens. Eight of these specimens were the subject of further measurements following medial meniscectomy. The study has been carried out at various flexion angles of the knee with the joint subjected to a compressive force, with or without an initial passive relative displacement between the joint members. The results indicate that a significant fraction of the joint compressive load is transmitted through the menisci and that total meniscectomy causes a drastic alteration in the pressure distribution on the tibial surface. Clinical implications of these results, in terms of post-meniscectomy degenerative changes and mechanism of meniscal lesions, have been discussed. PMID- 6688843 TI - Speech signal presentation to the totally deaf. AB - We have developed a system for single-channel electrical stimulation of the totally deaf. The patient wears a removeable electrode assembly which stimulates the cochlear promontory and can be inserted and removed like the earmould of a hearing aid. This approach minimises the risk of mechanical or electro-chemical damage to structures within the cochlea. Charge-balanced stimulation is used to present those speech pattern elements that are matched to the patients' lipreading needs and their new sensory abilities. Objective tests show improvements both in patients' perceptive and productive abilities. PMID- 6688844 TI - Long-term myocardial preservation: thromboxane production and coronary resistance. AB - In a series of 18 experiments on long-term myocardial preservation we evaluated whether vasoactive substances like thromboxane and prostacyclin are associated with the secondary increase in coronary resistance during preservation perfusion of the canine heart. In a control group (n = 12) and in a group treated with a specific thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY 1581) coronary resistance was measured at 10 and 30 min, and at 1, 4, and 24 hr. At the same time intervals thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin (PGI2) production were determined as TXB2 and 6 keto PGF1 alpha, respectively. After OKY 1581 treatment no increase in TXB2 occurred and no secondary increase in coronary resistance was observed, while in the control group both TXB2 levels and resistance increased (P less than 0.01); 6 keto PGF1 alpha levels showed the same increase in control and in treated hearts. From this study it is concluded that during 24-hr myocardial preservation the characteristic secondary increase in coronary resistance is related to thromboxane production in the heart and is prevented by inhibition of thromboxane synthetase. PMID- 6688846 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6688845 TI - Hodgkin disease clinical stages I, II, and III (A, B): results of radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. AB - Between 1961 and 1976, 387 patients with Hodgkin disease were examined, evaluated, and treated at the Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Francisco Gentil. After reviewing histological and clinical staging presentation, the authors retrospectively analyzed the results obtained with 303 patients classified in clinical stages I, II, and III (A, B) who were treated with or without chemotherapy in two time periods (before and after 1970) according to individual therapeutic modalities. The improvement of the 5-year survival rates in the last period was associated with the introduction of extended-field irradiation and multidrug chemotherapy (MOPP). However, the incidence of serious complications was higher in the group of patients subjected to combined field irradiation and MOPP. The authors suggest a stricter protocol based on the current recommendations for the treatment of Hodgkin disease in order to achieve better results with minimum possible hazards. PMID- 6688847 TI - Computer controlled voltage clamp. PMID- 6688848 TI - Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP)-like material is absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract of the neonatal rat. AB - Entry of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) into the circulation from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was studied in unweaned rat pups. The pups were fed an analog of DSIP (N-Tyr-DSIP) or 125I-N-Tyr-DSIP and blood samples collected. Significant increases in plasma DSIP-like immunoreactivity occurred after the feeding of 100 micrograms/animal of N-Tyr-DSIP but not after vehicle (normal saline) or 1 microgram/animal. Column chromatography showed this immunoreactivity to coelute with intact DSIP and des-Trp1-DSIP. A small but statistically significant increase of immunoreactivity occurred in the plasma of pups whose nursing mothers were injected with N-Tyr-DSIP but not in those whose mothers were injected with saline. Radioactivity appeared in both the brain and blood of 1-2 and 10 day old rat pups fed 125I-N-Tyr-DSIP. Although only a small amount of the radioactivity in plasma co-eluted with intact 125I-N-Tyr-DSIP on column chromatography, almost all of the radioactivity in brain did, suggesting that the radioactivity in the brain represented crossing of the blood-brain-barrier by the peptide and not just contamination by blood. The results cannot be explained by either regurgitation of intestinal contents, or by stimulation of endogenous peptide. They show that a DSIP peptide administered orally can be absorbed through the GI tract into the systemic circulation. PMID- 6688849 TI - Variation of cyclopropenoid fatty acids in cottonseed lipids. AB - The proportions of the cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPA) esters, malvalate and sterculate, varied little in lipids from individual cottonseeds. Coefficients of variation were 10% and 20% for seeds from a lock and 13 varieties, respectively. Within the seed, variations in CPA concentrations were very large. Cyclopropenoid fatty acid concentration in the lipids decreased from 28% in the root tip to 2% in the top of the axis, and to 0.02% in the portion of the cotyledons nearest to the hull. The axial portion was only ca. 5% of the kernel, yet it contained 75% of the CPA. Distribution of dihydrosterculic acid, the precursor of CPA, was similar to that of CPA. High concentrations of CPA were found in immature seeds, root tip and radicle of germinated seeds, and root tips of cotton plants. PMID- 6688851 TI - Improving hearing in deaf persons. PMID- 6688850 TI - Treatment of tetanus neonatorum in a rural setting. PMID- 6688852 TI - Epidural depotcorticosteroids. PMID- 6688853 TI - Results of treatment of 18 children with Hodgkin disease with MOPP chemotherapy as the only treatment modality. AB - Eighteen children with Hodgkin disease (16 previously untreated; two relapsed) were treated with MOPP chemotherapy (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, prednisone, procarbazine) only. Ten had clinical stage I and II disease, four had stage III, and four had stage IV. In ten patients, the clinical stage was confirmed by staging laparotomy. Six courses of MOPP were given to eight stage I and II patients and two stage IV patients. Between 7 and 12 courses were given to two stage I and II, and six stage III and IV patients. Dose reduction of 75-50% was required in 13% and delay of treatment in 22% of the first six courses of MOPP. Hematologic toxicity, minor and major viral infections, and nausea and vomiting were the major complications. Complete remission (CR) was obtained in 17 patients. Of these 17, there has been one death in CR, and one relapse. Sixteen patients have discontinued treatment and have been observed off treatment for 8 months to 7.5 years. The actuarial disease-free survival with a median follow-up of 28 months is 80% and overall survival is 92%. PMID- 6688854 TI - [Auxology and information science: proposal of a computerized system for the evaluation of the individual's growth]. PMID- 6688855 TI - Sucralfate bezoar. PMID- 6688856 TI - Plasma digitalis-like factor(s) increase with salt loading. PMID- 6688859 TI - [Ileus following the use of loperamide (Imodium)]. PMID- 6688857 TI - Cloning and sequence analysis of calf cDNA and human genomic DNA encoding alpha subunit precursor of muscle acetylcholine receptor. AB - The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from fish electric organ is well characterized and is known to consist of five subunits present in a molar stoichiometry of alpha 2 beta gamma delta (reviewed in refs 1-3). The mammalian skeletal muscle AChR is thought to have a similar subunit structure. We have recently elucidated the primary structures of the alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta subunit precursors of the Torpedo californica AChR by cloning and sequencing cDNAs for these polypeptides; cDNA sequences for the gamma-subunit precursor of the T. californica AChR and the alpha-subunit precursor of the Torpedo marmorata AChR have also been reported by other groups. The four subunits exhibit conspicuous sequence homology and are similar in hydrophilicity profile and predicted secondary structure, thus being most probably oriented in a pseudosymmetric fashion across the membrane. The transmembrane topology of the subunit molecules and the locations of functionally important regions, such as the acetylcholine binding site and the trans-membrane segments which may be involved in the ionic channel, have been proposed. We have now cloned cDNA for the alpha-subunit precursor of the calf skeletal muscle AChR and a human genomic DNA segment containing the corresponding gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned DNAs has revealed the primary structures of the calf and human AChR alpha-subunit precursors, which exhibit marked sequence homology with their Torpedo counterpart. The protein-coding sequence of the human AChR alpha-subunit precursor gene is divided by eight introns into nine exons, which seem to correspond to different structural and functional domains of the subunit precursor molecule. PMID- 6688860 TI - Severe ophthalmic Graves' disease and autoimmune thyroid disorders with different clinical expression. PMID- 6688858 TI - Differentiation of secretagogue drugs by chlorpromazine in rat intestine in vivo. AB - The effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on passive epithelial permeability and net fluid movement induced by secretagogues was tested in the rat intestine in vivo. CPZ, in a dose of 20 mg/kg intramuscularly, did not alter colonic permeability either in control conditions or during increased permeability caused by deoxycholic acid (DOC) or bisacodyl. Fluid secretion induced by cholera toxin and theophylline was strongly reduced by CPZ. The effects of oxyphenisatin and bisacodyl were only slightly but significantly inhibited by CPZ, whereas the action of DOC was unaffected. It is concluded, that the increase of the epithelial permeability is the main reason for the augmented fluid secretion caused by DOC. Bisacodyl and oxyphenisatin seem to act partly via an increase in permeability and to some degree via an induction of an active secretory process. PMID- 6688861 TI - [Preliminary results of continuous peridural analgesic therapy in chronic arteriopathies]. PMID- 6688862 TI - [Hypophyseal prolactin response to pirenzepin and cimetidine loading in a group of healthy adult subjects]. PMID- 6688863 TI - Fiber connections between the thalamic posterior lateral nucleus and the cingulate gyrus in the cat. AB - Wheat germ agglutinin and horseradish peroxidase conjugate (WGA-HRP) was injected into the anterior part of the cat cingular area as designated by Rose and Woolsey. This produced ipsilaterally numerous labeled neurons and fibers in the lateral marginal band of the rostral part of the thalamic posterior lateral nucleus (LP), where hypothalamic afferents terminate. Other fiber connections with the thalamic intralaminar and midline nuclei suggest that the anterior part of the cingular area corresponds with the anterior cingulate gyrus of the primate. PMID- 6688864 TI - Increased sleep following intracerebroventricular injection of the delta sleep inducing peptide in rats. AB - Synthetic delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) was injected intracerebroventricularly into rats in a dose of 7 nmol/kg. A significant, 20% increase in total slow wave sleep (and total sleep) was found in the DSIP injected rats, compared to a baseline recording following a sham injection procedure. Rats injected with the Ringer solution vehicle did not change their sleep compared to their baseline recording. PMID- 6688865 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual men. AB - Due to the number of sexual encounters and variety of practices, men who have homosexual experiences have increased incidence and prevalence rates of many diseases. Diseases that are covered here include hepatitis A and B, syphilis, gonorrhea, condylomata accuminata, herpes simplex, AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) and several enteric diseases, namely amebiasis, giardiasis, shigellosis and salmonellosis. An overview of each disease is included along with diagnostic testing and treatment regimens. This report concludes with a system of risk assignment and recommendations for frequency of sexually transmitted disease screening. PMID- 6688866 TI - Plasma shielding by Q-switched and mode-locked Nd-YAG lasers. AB - Q-switched and mode-locked Nd-YAG lasers depend on beam divergence and plasma formation to reduce energy transmission below the retinal damage threshold. In a model system of physiologic saline, we investigated plasma "shielding" and found that plasma formation markedly reduces further energy transmission along the beam path once plasma formation occurs. The protective effect of plasma shielding appears similar for a Q-switched pulse and a train of mode-locked pulses in a physiologic saline medium. PMID- 6688867 TI - Laser photodisruptors. Damage mechanisms, instrument design and safety. AB - Short-pulse neodymium: YAG clinical laser systems permit noninvasive incision of transparent intraocular structures. Selection and safe use of these photodisruptors, however, require a limited understanding of certain basic physical principles. These principles are reviewed and applied in a series of optical experiments designed to study the performance and safety of clinical, short-pulse laser systems. The results of these experiments are presented, in addition to an analysis of current and proposed photodisruptors. PMID- 6688868 TI - Transpupillary CW YAG laser coagulation. A comparison with argon green and krypton red lasers. AB - The authors have developed a CW YAG laser for transpupillary coagulation. The effects of CW YAG coagulation on the retina, retinal vessels, and fovea were compared with those produced by the krypton red and argon green lasers. To produce threshold coagulative lesions in monkeys and rabbits, we needed five to ten times more energy with the CW YAG than with the krypton red or argon green lasers. Nerve fiber damage was observed only when coagulating retinal vessels with the argon green laser. At the parameters used, none of the lasers damaged the sensory retina of the fovea. The CW YAG may be used as a new mode of laser coagulation in the treatment of retinal diseases. PMID- 6688869 TI - [Value of health resort treatment in cases of laryngeal complications after strumectomy]. PMID- 6688871 TI - The effects of pancreatic polypeptides and neuropeptide Y on the rat vas deferens. AB - In order to study the physiological significance of the coexistence of pancreatic polypeptide and norepinephrine (NE) in peripheral noradrenergic nerves, the effects of pancreatic polypeptides of several species were tested on the isolated rat vas deferens. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was also studied because of its sequence homology to the pancreatic polypeptides. The contractile responses, which were mediated predominantly by activation of noradrenergic nerves following electrical stimulation, were inhibited by bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP), human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP), avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) and NPY in a dose-dependent manner using a constant flow bath. The decreasing order of the inhibitory responses was as follows: BPP = HPP greater than NPY greater than APP. The inhibitory responses produced by BPP and HPP lasted more than 1 hr and displayed a marked tachyphylaxis. In contrast, the inhibitory effects induced by NPY and APP usually returned to the control level after 20-30 min and had minimal tachyphylaxis. The inhibitory action of NPY was still present during alpha adrenergic blockade. Contractions produced by a single submaximal dose of exogenous NE or serotonin (5-HT) in unstimulated preparations were not affected by pretreatment with NPY. The amplitude of contractions was partially reduced 1 min after pretreatment with BPP or HPP; recovery occurred about 15 min after peptide pretreatment in a constant flow bath. These results suggest that an NPY receptor exists presynaptically in the rat vas deferens and that stimulation of the receptor by NPY inhibits the release of NE from noradrenergic nerves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6688872 TI - [Case of Graves-Basedow disease associated with a bulbar form of myasthenia gravis affecting the pharyngeal muscles]. PMID- 6688870 TI - Blockade of the renal tubular effects of vitamin D by cycloheximide in the rat. AB - To further characterize the mechanisms by which 25(OH) vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and 1.25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) suppress the phosphaturic action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) we have studied the effects of cycloheximide (cyclohex), a protein synthesis inhibitor, on the interaction between PTH and vitamin D metabolites in parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats, both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In clearance studies PTX PTH-infused rats were pretreated with cyclohex 2 h before the administration of vitamin D. In control, PTX PTH-infused rats not pretreated with cyclohex, the administration of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 was associated with a fall in fractional excretion of phosphate (CP/CIN) from 0.30 +/- 0.05 to 0.16 +/- 0.02 and from 0.31 +/- 0.05 to 0.13 +/- 0.01 (P less than 0.005) respectively. Cyclohex-pretreated PTX PTH-infused rats failed to respond to both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, and CP/CIN, which rose after PTH, remained 0.32 +/- 0.05 and 0.29 +/- 0.03 respectively. In vitro, both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited the PTH-induced activation of adenylate cyclase in the renal isolated membrane fractions. Pretreatment with cyclohex abolished this effect of vitamin D metabolites. These results show that cyclohex blocks the antiphosphaturic effects of both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 but does not alter the response to PTH. These findings are consistent with the possibility that the acute renal action of vitamin D depends on de novo synthesis of protein. PMID- 6688873 TI - [Interactions between digoxin and amiodarone (Cordarone), verapamil (Isoptin) and melsidomine (Corvatone)]. PMID- 6688874 TI - Infertility and sexually transmitted disease: a public health challenge. PMID- 6688875 TI - Buying your first computer. PMID- 6688876 TI - Sarcoidosis and lymphoma in the same patient. AB - A case of lymphocytic lymphoma in a patient with coincidental sarcoidosis is described, and the possible relationship of the two conditions is discussed. A revised set of diagnostic criteria is proposed to overcome previous difficulties encountered in validating such dual pathology. PMID- 6688878 TI - [Relation between pressure and rolling resistance of sulfaethidole tablets]. PMID- 6688877 TI - Influence of vitamin D status and chronic administration on the renal tubular effects of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. AB - Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that the acute infusion of the vitamin D3 derivative, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is antiphosphaturic when administered with small "permissive" amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH). To determine the effect of chronic administration of this metabolite, studies were performed in both vitamin D-deficient (-D) and vitamin D fed (+D) rats which had been pretreated with 1,25(OH)2D3 for 6 days and then infused with either the metabolite alone, the metabolite with a small "permissive" dose of parathyroid hormone (PTH) or neither. The results indicate that in the -D animals, 1,25(OH)2D3 infusion alone results in antiphosphaturia without the presence of PTH. However, in the +D rats, PTH was required, despite 1,25(OH)2D3 pretreatment, for the acute infusion of the metabolite to enhance phosphate reabsorption. Thus, both vitamin D and parathyroid status are important in determining the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the renal tubular transport of phosphate. PMID- 6688879 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of talinolol (Cordanum) in man after oral administration]. PMID- 6688881 TI - Location of topics in NIH guidelines for research involving recombinant DNA molecules. PMID- 6688880 TI - Lymphangiography--the last decade. Part 2: observations and conclusions, with case histories. PMID- 6688882 TI - Radioimmunoassay of delta sleep-inducing peptide using an iodinated p hydroxyphenylpropionic acid derivative as tracer. AB - A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) has been developed. A p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid conjugate of DSIP was used for radioiodination. Using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography the labelled DSIP derivative was isolated in a high yield and with a high specific activity. The assay allows measurement of DSIP-like material in body fluids with a minimum detectable concentration of 0.1 ng/ml standard DSIP (10 pg/tube). PMID- 6688883 TI - Evaluation of FAO/WHO pesticide standards in relation to Polish and Honduran diets. AB - The FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission publishes a Guide to Codex Maximum Limits for Pesticide Residues (1978) which gives both acceptable daily intake (ADI) values and maximum residue limit (MRL) values for many pesticides in raw agricultural commodities (rac's) from crops on which their use is approved. ADI values are determined from animal toxicology data which given a no-observable effect level (NOEL) and use of a safety factor. Specific MRL values are calculated from the ADI and a food factor (F), which is the decimal fraction of that rac in the assumed typical diet. One of the difficulties with this procedure is that dietary patterns differ substantially between countries. Whatever dietary pattern is assumed in calculation of the MRLs may be inappropriate for that country. Theoretical maximum residue intakes (TMRIs) were calculated from the Codex ADIs and MRLs using F values calculated from the national dietary patterns published separately in Poland and Honduras. The equation is TMRI = sigma MRLi X Fi X D, where D is the daily individual diet weight of rac's in kilograms for the particular country. The TMRI should be lower than the maximum permitted intake (MPI) calculated as MPI = ADI X 60, where the 60 is an arbitrary human body weight in kilograms. The TMRI exceeded the MPI for 16 of 33 pesticides used in Poland and for 10 of 20 used in Honduras. At the extreme, the Polish TMRI/MPI ratio for aldrin--dieldrin is 19.5 and 18.1 for fenithion; nine pesticides had ratios of 4.0 or higher.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6688884 TI - Nitroreduction of benznidazole and nifurtimox by rat and human feces. AB - Rat and human feces are able to reduce nitro group from Benznidazole (N-benzyl-2 nitro-1-imidazole acetamide) and Nifurtimox (4[5-nitrofurfurylidene)-amino)-3 methylthiomorpholine-1,1-dioxide), two chemotherapeutic agents against Chagas' disease. Feces from rats treated with neomycin sulfate lack nitroreductase activity evidencing the bacterial origin of the enzyme. PMID- 6688885 TI - Immuno-morphologic correlations in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT). AB - Fifteen cases of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) diagnosed on the basis of both clinico-functional criteria and humoral autoimmunity (auto-ACAT in the serum) were studied. The auto-ACAT were avaluated both by Boyden's passive hemagglutination and by the complement fixation reactions. In all the diagnosis received histopathologic confirmation, the lesional picture being analysed from a qualitative-semiquantitative aspect. In 5 of the 15 cases, thyroid silver impregnation according to Slidders's technique was also done. Corroborating lesional aspects with humoral auto-immunity, we found a correlation between the extension of the inflammatory infiltrates dominated by lymphocytes and the titres of the antimicrosomal antibodies. The titres of the antithyroid antibodies do not correlate with the thyroid function status. Conversely, the extent of fibrosis agrees well with the incidence of myxedema. Silver impregnation reveals severe lesions of the argyrophilic fibres, with diffuse distribution. These lesional aspects may precede the real thyroiditic process. PMID- 6688886 TI - [Profile of autoimmune antibodies in idiopathic hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism following radio-iodine treatment in Basedow's disease: comparison with a group of normal subjects from the female population of Switzerland]. AB - Prevalence of thyroid microsomal antibodies (MCHA) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TGHA), as well as frequency of other autoantibodies (parietal cell antibodies [PZA], adrenal antibodies [NNA], islet cell antibodies [IZA], smooth muscle antibodies [SMA], mitochondrial antibodies [MitA] and antibodies to nuclear antigens [ANF]), are reported for three different female groups in Switzerland in 91 euthyroid controls (group A), in 58 patients with idiopathic hypothyroidism (group B) and in 55 patients with hypothyroidism after administration of radioactive iodine for Graves' disease (group C). Prevalence of MCHA in the three groups was 14.5%, 90%, and 72%, respectively, and TGHA were positive in 6.5%, 56%, and 28%, respectively. Simultaneous occurrence of both thyroid antibodies and their appearance in higher titers were significantly more frequent in group B than in the other two groups. Goitrous forms of idiopathic hypothyroidism show higher MCHA titers than the atrophic forms. There was no association between thyroid antibodies and the presence of endocrine ophthalmopathy in group C. PZA were frequently found in groups B and C (26% and 13.6%, respectively; 4.7% in controls). The higher frequency of other autoantibodies was even more pronounced for ANF (52.1% in group B, 29.7% in group C, and 12.5% in controls). NNA and SMA were also more frequent, but not to a statistically significant degree. Two patients (both in group B) had positive islet cell antibodies. MitA were equally distributed in the three groups. These results suggest a relatively high proportion of asymptomatic autoimmune thyroiditis in the female population of Switzerland, with possible progression to overt hypothyroidism. Determinations of PZA and NNA are mandatory in both Graves' disease and idiopathic hypothyroidism. Cases with positive PZA must be closely monitored in view of the association with autoimmune atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6688887 TI - EPA faults classic lead poisoning study. A review questions a study linking lead in teeth with low IQ scores; EPA finds other grounds for regulation. PMID- 6688888 TI - [Treatment and prognosis of nervous system lesions in lymphosarcoma]. PMID- 6688889 TI - [Results of treatment of patients with lymphosarcoma according to the ACVP regimen]. PMID- 6688890 TI - [Recurrences in lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 6688891 TI - [Use of the vasodilator molsidomin in the treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 6688892 TI - Computer applications in the medical office. PMID- 6688893 TI - [Studies of bioequivalence. Decision-making]. PMID- 6688895 TI - Rodent carcinogenesis bioassay with oxisuran, a selective immunosuppressive agent. AB - The carcinogenic potential of oxisuran, a synthetic immunosuppressive agent, was studied for 80 weeks and 104 weeks in mice and rats, respectively. Groups of 50 mice and 70 rats of each sex received oxisuran at doses of 600, 240, and 40 mg/kg/day as dietary admixtures over the entire experimental period. Adequate survival rates allowed accurate statistical analysis of diagnosed neoplasia. Increased susceptibility to tumor development was not clearly demonstrated. In mice the only statistically significant increase in the incidence of malignancy was lung carcinomas in high dose females (P less than 0.05). However, lung carcinoma incidence was significantly decreased in mid- and low-dose male mice when compared to spontaneous control rates (P less than 0.01). Although not confirmed statistically, there was an increased incidence of lung carcinomas and liver cell adenomas in high dose male mice, and increased lymphoid tumors in all female treated groups. In rats, the incidence of liver cell adenomas in high dose animals of both sexes was increased, although confirmed statistically in males only (P less than 0.01). In high dose females, significantly decreased incidences of mammary fibroadenomas, pituitary chromophobe adenomas, and thyroid parafollicular cell tumors (P less than 0.01) contributed to an overall decrease in both benign tumors and in the combined benign and malignant tumor rates. PMID- 6688894 TI - Morphology of a very extensible insect muscle. PMID- 6688896 TI - [Unusual course of acute suppurative otitis media complicated by meningoencephalitis in a patient with lymphosarcomatosis]. PMID- 6688897 TI - Spontaneous thyroiditis in BB Wistar diabetic rats. AB - Spontaneous lymphocytic thyroiditis was observed at necropsy in 36 BB Wistar diabetic rats (63.2%) and in eight of their nondiabetic siblings (42.1%). The incidence of thyroiditis decreased both with age and with longer duration of diabetes. All rats with pancreatic insulitis (a manifestation of the onset of diabetes) also had thyroiditis. BB Wistar rats with insulitis had more severe lymphocytic thyroiditis, characterized by lymphocytic, plasmacytic, and macrophage infiltration of thyroid interstitium and follicles. A milder, mostly perivascular and interstitial lymphocytic thyroiditis was characteristic of lesions in rats which did not have insulitis. The histological appearance of the thyroiditis suggests that these rats may be subject to autoimmune disease at the onset of diabetes which involves sites other than just the pancreas. PMID- 6688898 TI - Lymphosarcoma in an aborted equine fetus. PMID- 6688899 TI - Efficacy of ivermectin against Parafilaria bovicola. PMID- 6688900 TI - Use of COSREEL, a computerised recording system, for herd health management of two dairy herds. AB - COSREEL, a computerised animal health recording system, has been used since October 1980 by two agricultural colleges for the management of their dairy herds. Each college and the veterinary practice which served the college has had its own typewriter terminal connected to a remote computer. Management and milk data have been coded and entered at the college and clinical data at the veterinary practice. An average of just over one management and veterinary event per week has been coded for every three cows in milk. Error rates were on average 11 per cent by one pair of users and 4 per cent by the other pair. COSREEL has provided a valuable aid to the management of the health of the two herds, and the regular use of pregnancy diagnosis, infertility investigation and oestrus detection action lists resulted in a considerable improvement in herd fertility at the two colleges. PMID- 6688901 TI - Persistent anthelmintic effect of ivermectin in cattle. PMID- 6688902 TI - [Treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers with newer drugs]. PMID- 6688903 TI - California's approach to hypertension control: an overview. AB - California's Department of Health Services, recognizing the serious community health problem presented by uncontrolled hypertension, developed community-based programs of early detection and referral, follow-up and education. Special consideration was given to underserved populations at high risk. A statewide probability household survey was conducted and showed an improvement in control status during the past decade for definite and critical hypertension, but not for mild hypertension. With diminishing public resources, future efforts must be cost effective, focus on care for persons known to have hypertension and encourage maximum coordination between private and public agencies. PMID- 6688905 TI - [Infralesional injections with triamcinolone-acetonide in the treatment of lichen rubber of the mouth mucosa]. AB - Lichen planus of the buccal mucosa with its various clinical manifestations has proved to be much more resistant to general therapeutical means than the cutaneous lesions. Repeated infralesional (sub-mucosal) injections of triamcinolon-acetonid (Kenalon Volon in a 10 per cent suspension applied to 12 patients, 4 of them with erosive lesions, have revealed particular efficiency if given at 7 oder 14 day's intervals. After 2 to 6 injections, we could already observe positive results occurring faster with papular of reticular than with erosive forms of the disease. Slight relapses may occur after 4 to 6 months disappearing, however, after 1 to 2 injections. Provided that antiseptic measures are maintained, tamponade of the salivary orifices is applied and intravascular injection by aspiration control avoided, unexpected local and general sequelae will not occur. Most of the patients have been in ambulatory care. PMID- 6688906 TI - Localization and pattern of the mitotic activity in the central nervous system of developing oviparous and viviparous teleosts. AB - The subject of this work is an analysis of the mitotic activity in the developing spinal cord and rhombencephalon of the oviparous teleost Jordanella floridae and the viviparous teleost Gambusia affinis (Cyprinodontoidei). In Gambusia there is considerable and long lasting mitotic activity that decreases gradually and is still present 20 days after birth. In Jordanella the mitotic activity is concentrated in the early stages of development, it then decreases drastically and practically disappears even before hatching and reappears 20 days later. These differences are probably due to the variations in speed and pattern of development in the two teleosts. As regard the localization of mitoses, it emerged that migration towards the lumen may be prevented by physiological conditions related to normal development. It emerged moreover, that migration towards the lumen is not a generalised phenomenon in development of the central nervous system since it is related, in the spinal cord of teleosts at least, to the modality and speed of embryo development. PMID- 6688907 TI - Sexual abuse of children. PMID- 6688904 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of urethritis in men. AB - Gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis are the most common sexually transmitted diseases in men. Failure to control these infections is a result of improper treatment of index cases and their sexual contacts. The proper management of urethritis in men is reviewed. PMID- 6688908 TI - Massive thymic hyperplasia in infants. AB - Report of a case of massive thymic hyperplasia in a 7-month-old female infant causing a respiratory distress syndrome by displacement and compression of the bronchopulmonary system. Steroid therapy and ventilation were ineffective. Thymectomy had to be performed because of severe respiratory distress. In a review of the literature we did not find any report on a similar case. PMID- 6688909 TI - Necrotizing enterocolitis as a result of cow's milk allergy? AB - A three-day-old newborn developed necrotizing enterocolitis in absence of the usual precipitating factors. Colonic perforation necessitated surgical intervention. After recovery cow's milk allergy was diagnosed. Probably this food allergy was the cause of the development of the necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 6688910 TI - Changes in bone metabolism during treatment of acromegaly. AB - Bone metabolism was studied in 17 acromegalic patients, who responded to either medical treatment with bromocriptine (12 patients), or to transsphenoidal surgery (5 patients). Parameters of bone turnover decreased, e.g. serum acid phosphatase (9.2 +/- 0.7 vs 8.1 +/- 0.6 U/l, P less than 0.05) and the ratio of hydroxyproline/creatinine (33.6 +/- 4.4 vs 18.3 +/- 2.0, P less than 0.01) in the urine. No changes were observed in parathyroid function or concentrations of calcitonin. Serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol decreased (32.6 +/- 3.6 vs 20.6 +/- 1.8 ng/l, P less than 0.01) and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol increased (4.3 +/- 0.6 vs 6.7 +/- 1.0 micrograms/l, P less than 0.05). No correlation between the percentual changes in serum growth hormone levels and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol was found, suggesting an indirect effect of growth hormone on the renal 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-alpha-hydroxylase. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed, including the effects of growth hormone and somatomedin on bone. PMID- 6688911 TI - Serum propylthiouracil concentration in patients with Graves' disease with various clinical course. AB - The serum levels of propylthiouracil (PTU) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 10 normal subjects and in 11 patients with Graves' disease after a single 100 or 200 mg oral dose of PTU. The serum half-life of PTU in the normal subjects and in hyperthyroid patients with uneventful clinical course was 75 +/- 19 min (mean +/- SD, n = 6) and 73 +/- 13 min (n = 7), respectively. Maximum serum PTU concentrations were usually attained within 1 h after a single 200 mg oral dose and at 1 h were 5.3 +/- 1.4 micrograms/ml (3.1 +/- 0.82 X 10(-5) M) in normal subjects (n = 6) and 4.8 +/- 2.4 micrograms/ml (2.8 +/- 1.4 X 10(-5) M) in hyperthyroid patients (n = 7). These between-group differences were not significant. Serum PTU concentrations were low in a pregnant hyperthyroid patient with a weak response to PTU treatment. In another patient, who appeared resistant to PTU therapy, the serum PTU level increased as expected at testing, and it was later confirmed that, during treatment, he had not taken the drug as prescribed. In a patient who developed agranulocytosis due to methimazole and subsequently fever due to PTU, the half-life of PTU was prolonged to about 130 min. These findings suggest that monitoring the serum PTU levels in patients with Graves' disease can be of clinical value in patients who do not respond to treatment. Furthermore, it may provide some clues as to the mechanism by which toxic reaction develops. PMID- 6688912 TI - Different aetiologies in post-partum thyroiditis? AB - During a 4 year period 19 women with post-partum onset of thyroid dysfunction have been seen in our clinic. Five women had high radioiodine uptake thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease). Twelve women had hypothyroid symptoms starting within 3-6 months of delivery. All of these women had thyroid microsomal and/or cytoplasmic autoantibodies and thyroid lymphocytic infiltration suggesting aggravation of pre-existing subclinical autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease). At follow-up thyroid function gradually improved in all but signs of persistent thyroid hypofunction remained in seven. Thus women developing symptomatic postpartum hypothyroidism should be followed regularly and when thyroxine treatment is commenced in the post-partum period, it has to be continued indefinitely in many cases. Two women presented with transient low radioiodine uptake thyrotoxicosis and a small painless goitre. Thyroid cytology revealed thyroiditis but they had no thyroid autoantibodies. When followed after a succeeding delivery none of these women developed post-partum thyroid dysfunction in contrast to women in the autoimmune group. Probably the aetiology of thyroid dysfunction in these 2 women was different. PMID- 6688913 TI - Influence of 25-OHD3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 on bone growth and remodelling in the rat. AB - To study the in vivo effects on bone formation in standardized bone growth and remodelling systems, a moderate supplement of vitamin D metabolites was given adolescent rats on a standard diet. Comparison wit other hormones previously shown to stimulate the bone formation in these systems is thereby facilitated. Female rats (10 animals per group) were given one daily subcutaneous injection of 1.5 micrograms/kg 25-OHD3 or 0.04 microgram/kg 1,25-(OH)2D3 for 20 days (75-94 days of age). Controls were given 0.5 ml solvent. Tetracycline was used as intravital marker to determine the longitudinal bone growth of proximal tibia as well as the apposition and resorption of cortical bone in the femur diaphysis. The osteoclasts were counted in the metaphysis and diaphysis of the ribs. Vitamin 1,25-(OH)2D3 resulted in retardation (p $0.05) of the accumulated longitudinal bone growth. A similar but insignificant tendency was found for 25-OHD3. The body weight and the periosteal and endosteal bone formation at various levels along the femoral shaft were unchanged compared to the controls. The total cortical width was somewhat lower in the distal femur for 1,25-(OH)2D3. In the proximal femur 25-OHD3 resulted in a somewhat thicker cortical bone. Most levels along the femur, however, showed no differences. The osteoclast count showed an increased number (p $0.05) in the cortex of the rib in the rats given 1,25-(OH)2D3. Compared to growth hormone, which is the major bone growth stimulating agent, the influences on bone formation of the vitamin D metabolites were minor and predominantly negative. PMID- 6688914 TI - Serum estriol level during treatment with betamethasone in the last trimester of human pregnancy. AB - A comparison was made between betamethasone disodiumphosphate/betamethasone acetate (Celeston) and betamethasone disodiumphosphate (Celestona) in antenatally prophylactic treatment of respiratory distress syndrome syndrome (RDS). Altogether 65 pregnant women in the last trimester of pregnancy were treated with the first-mentioned drug and 62 with the second. The RDS-preventive effect was the same in the two groups. Celeston has a much longer depressive effect on the level of plasma estriol than has Celestona. Use of this drug, betamethasone disodiumphosphate, is therefore recommended in the prophylaxis against RDS. PMID- 6688915 TI - Visual rehabilitation after long lasting early blindness. AB - A 23-year-old woman, blinded at an early age due to retinopathy of prematurity and cataract was successfully operated. After the operation the patient was behaviourally blind. Visual rehabilitation was started 9 months later and lasted 1 1/2 years. During this time the visual behaviour of the patient improved. Quantitative tests were designed to depict the progress. The functional improvement of the patient is in agreement with the findings of animal studies; binocular deprivation during the critical period of development causes behavioural blindness, which is partially recoverable. The result of this study indicates that the visual rehabilitation facilitates the process of recovery. The progress in visual behaviour is likely to reflect an improvement of the function of the associative systems of the brain. PMID- 6688916 TI - Muscarinic receptor subclasses: evidence from binding studies. PMID- 6688917 TI - [3H]pirenzepine specifically labels a high affinity muscarinic receptor in the rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 6688918 TI - Dynamic orometrics: a computer-based means of learning about and developing speech by deaf children. PMID- 6688919 TI - Photojournalism: microcomputer text editing and photography--synthesis and divergence. PMID- 6688920 TI - Tachyarrhythmias associated with programmable automatic atrial antitachycardia pacemakers. AB - A multiprogrammable automatic antitachycardia pacemaker (Cybertach-60), connected to a tined "J" wire electrode, was positioned in the right atrial appendage in three patients with recurrent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Mechanisms of SVT included atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry (two patients) and reciprocating tachycardia using an accessory pathway (one patient). Indications for implantation included frequent symptomatic episodes, multiple drug failures, and reproducible termination of the arrhythmia by the automatic pacemaker during electrophysiologic studies. Following discharge, multiple episodes of pacemaker malfunction were recorded. The three types of malfunction included: undersensing with induction of SVT by a single atrial premature depolarization, oversensing of extraneous electromechanical potentials triggering burst pacing which initiated SVT, and inappropriate burst pacing in response to sinus tachycardia with and without initiation of SVT. Treatment with a beta-blocking agent prevented pacemaker triggering by sinus tachycardia, and replacement of the electrode catheter resolved pacemaker triggering by electromechanical potentials. One patient required removal of the pacemaker because undersensing could not be corrected by repositioning the atrial electrode. This report illustrates three potential complications that may result with either normal or faulty sensing when employing automatic atrial antitachycardia pacemakers for control of SVT. It also stresses the importance of careful electrophysiologic evaluation before implantation and meticulous follow-up after implantation. PMID- 6688921 TI - How sensitive is the Papanicolaou smear in the diagnosis of infections with Chlamydia trachomatis? AB - Fifty-three patients who presented to the sexually transmitted disease clinic at Boston City Hospital had simultaneous cervicovaginal Papanicolaou smears and cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis taken prior to the initiation of antibiotic therapy. Eleven of the chlamydial cultures had positive results. None of the Papanicolaou smears satisfied the morphologic criteria for the diagnosis of chlamydial infection. This suggests that the Papanicolaou smear is an insensitive technic for the diagnosis of chlamydial infection of the cervix. PMID- 6688922 TI - Pirenzepine. PMID- 6688923 TI - Interactive electronic computing of the mortality odds ratio. AB - An interactive computer program which computes the standardized mortality odds ratio and the standardized proportional mortality ratio has been developed for use in the analysis of occupational mortality studies. The program provides flexibility in the selection of the comparison (unexposed) population, permitting both internal and external comparison, including comparison with the United States general population. Considerable control for potential confounding factors and for differences in information collection procedures can be exercised through careful choice of the comparison population. The user must select the reference cause(s) of death among 55 categories (59 for women). The condition for equivalence of the standardized mortality odds ratio and the standardized mortality ratio will be met when the selected reference cause(s) is unrelated to the exposure. The program reduces the loss of information due to sparse data during stratification by allowing the user to define the length of the age and time intervals. The program is written in Fortran IV and is designed to produce rapid, cost-efficient interactive results on any mainframe computer system. PMID- 6688924 TI - Audioverification of small datasets. PMID- 6688925 TI - Iterative least-squares fitting programs in pharmacokinetics for a programmable handheld calculator. AB - Programs that perform a nonlinear least-squares fit to data conforming to one compartment oral or two-compartment intravenous pharmacokinetic models are described. The programs are designed for use on a Hewlett-Packard HP-41 CV programmable calculator equipped with an extended-functions module and one or two extended-memory modules. Initial estimates of variables in the model are calculated by the method of residuals and then iteratively improved by the use of the Gauss-Newton algorithm as modified by Hartley. This modification minimizes convergence problems. The iterative-fitting procedure includes a routine for estimation of lag time for the one-compartment oral model. Clinical applications of the programs are illustrated using previously published data. Programming steps and user instructions are listed. The programs provide an efficient and inexpensive method of estimating pharmacokinetic variables. PMID- 6688926 TI - Uptake of liposomal phosphatidylcholine by granular pneumocytes in primary culture. AB - Reuptake of pulmonary surfactant phospholipids was investigated with rat granular pneumocytes in primary culture and L-alpha-[2-palmitoyl-9,10-3H]dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine:egg phosphatidylcholine:phosphatidylglycerol:cholesterol (10:5:2:3, mol/mol) liposomes. Uptake of liposomal phosphatidylcholine by granular pneumocytes increased with time and concentration of phosphatidylcholine in the medium. With 150 microM phosphatidylcholine, uptake was about 5 nmol/mg cell protein in 2 h. Phosphatidylcholine uptake was in large part due to net transfer of vesicles as indicated by uptake of [14C]sucrose encapsulated in the aqueous compartment of liposomes. Using dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol (1:1) liposomes, uptake was inhibited significantly at 26 degrees C and completely at 4 degrees C. Inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation had no effect on uptake although uptake was somewhat inhibited in the presence of either 5.6 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose or 10 mM sodium fluoride. Cell-associated lipid radioactivity decreased after treatment with 0.25% trypsin. The percent radioactivity that was trypsin releasable decreased with increasing time and phosphatidylcholine concentration. The results suggest that uptake of phospholipids by these cells is by surface binding followed by internalization. After 2 h of incubation, 65.3 +/- 3.1% of the cell associated radioactivity was present in phosphatidylcholine, a small fraction in phosphatidylglycerol, and the remainder in lysophosphatidylcholine, free fatty acids, and other neutral lipids, suggesting metabolic degradation of internalized lipids. This process of phospholipid uptake and degradation may have a physiological role in metabolism of surfactant phospholipids in the lung. PMID- 6688927 TI - Effect of vasopressin antagonist and saralasin on regional blood flow following hemorrhage. AB - The effects of hemorrhagic hypotension on mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and its distribution were investigated in halothane-anesthetized rats using the radioactive microsphere technique. Hemorrhage (12 ml/kg) decreased MAP and CO, increased total peripheral resistance (TPR), and decreased blood flow (BF) to the heart, stomach, intestine, kidneys, skin, cecum, and colon. The effects of antagonists of vasopressin and the renin-angiotensin system on peripheral circulation following hypotensive hemorrhage were also examined using d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP and saralasin, respectively. Injection of the vasopressin antagonist caused a reduction of MAP by reducing TPR and caused an increase of percent distribution of CO to the stomach, skin, cecum, and colon. Intravenous infusion of saralasin caused significant reductions of MAP by reducing TPR. Saralasin caused an increase of percent distribution of CO to the kidneys. The results show that both vasopressin and the renin-angiotensin systems participate in the control of MAP and peripheral vascular resistance following hypotensive hemorrhage in anesthetized rats. PMID- 6688928 TI - Simulation of calcium homeostasis: modeling and parameter estimation. AB - The system that regulates plasma calcium in the bird has been formalized into a model based on a series of differential equations and solved by computer simulation. Bone, kidney, and intestine have been considered as the control subsystems, with parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol as the regulating hormones. The parameters used in the simulation model have been computed either from published results or by specifically designed experiments described here. For the estimation of parameters, an iterative procedure has been developed that was designed to minimize the sum of square errors between observed and system-simulated values. Parameters of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol metabolism were experimentally obtained from the kinetic behavior of the 3H labeled hormone in rachitic birds after a single dose. Model parameters have been adjusted using the results of in vivo calcium loading and validated by an EDTA infusion experiment. The simulation model has been used to study the hierarchy of the activities of the three control subsystems and of the regulating hormones, at different calcium intakes. Positive or negative errors in plasma calcium resulted in an asymmetry in the activities of the controlling systems, bone and kidney, whereas the intestine is characterized by its relatively long response time. PMID- 6688930 TI - The effect of diagnostic and operative arthroscopy and open meniscectomy on muscle strength in the thigh. AB - In this study we measured the effect on the muscle strength in the thigh in connection with diagnostic arthroscopy with central approach, arthroscopy with arthroscopic operation of bucket-handle ruptures, flap tears, total arthroscopic meniscectomy, and open meniscectomy. Thirty-seven patients were tested preoperatively and 1, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively with a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer. The extensor muscles of the knee joint were most affected. The flexor muscles were generally recovered in all groups within a month. Diagnostic arthroscopy and arthroscopic operations for bucket-handle ruptures showed no significant effect on the thigh muscle torque. With the other arthroscopic operations there was a 40% decrease of quadriceps function 1 week after operation. After 8 weeks normal function returned. Open meniscectomy had a much more negative effect on the quadriceps muscle with a decrease of about 70% after 1 week. After 8 weeks, the rehabilitation was still not complete. PMID- 6688929 TI - Further in vivo evidence for antagonist-to-antidiuretic action of arginine vasopressin. AB - The effect of a new arginine vasopressin (AVP) analogue, [1-(beta-mercapto beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid), 2-O-ethyltyrosine, 4-valine]AVP or d(CH2)5Tyr(Et)VAVP, was examined on exogenous and endogenous AVP in the conscious rat. An intravenous injection of 8 micrograms/kg body wt of the AVP analogue completely blocked the antidiuretic effect of exogenous AVP (4 ng/kg body wt iv). Similarly, 8 micrograms/kg of the AVP analogue totally abolished the antidiuretic effect of infused AVP (0.1 mU X kg-1 X min-1) in the homozygous Brattleboro rats with central diabetes insipidus. The antagonism of this antidiuretic effect of exogenous AVP occurred in the absence of changes in urinary solute excretion, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and mean arterial pressure. Intraperitoneal administration of the AVP analogue (30 micrograms/kg body wt) decreased the mean urinary osmolality in rats after 24 h of fluid deprivation from 3,098 +/- 140 to 797 +/- 155 mosmol/kg H2O (P less than 0.001). The duration of the antagonism of endogenous AVP was approximately 4.5 h. The antagonism of AVP was not dependent on the vascular properties of AVP, since the AVP analogue also blocked the antidiuretic effect of exogenous 1-deamino-8-D-AVP (DDAVP), an AVP analogue with negligible vascular properties. These in vivo results therefore indicate that d(CH2)5Tyr(Et)VAVP is a specific antagonist of the hydrosmotic effect of exogenous and endogenous AVP. In contrast to some previous analogues, this effect of the AVP analogue occurred in the absence of any known diuretic factors including an increase in GFR, solute excretion, and blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6688931 TI - [Toxicity of the intrathecal administration of aminoglycosides. 3 cases of paraplegia]. PMID- 6688932 TI - Safety and efficacy of atracurium in adolescents and children anesthetized with halothane. PMID- 6688933 TI - Eisenmenger's syndrome complicated by severe pulmonary disease. Part two. PMID- 6688934 TI - Exogenous surfactant for human lung disease. Current status. PMID- 6688935 TI - Lymphoma of the thyroid. AB - In 24 of 30 patients with lymphoma of the thyroid, the diagnosis was made preoperatively or without surgery; undifferentiated or poorly differentiated carcinoma was suspected in 3 other patients. Thirteen patients were under 60 years of age; 7 were under 40. An increase in the ratio of men to women was seen among younger patients. At presentation, a discrete nodule was found in 19 patients, and multinodular or diffuse goiters in 11. Seventy-six percent of patients with solitary nodules had enlargement of extranodular tissue. Imaging showed "cold" nodules, cold areas in diffuse goiters, or patchy uptake. Nine patients had obstructive complaints; 12 patients had subnormal thyroid function; 24 patients had coexistent Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Lymphoma of the thyroid was suggested by fine-needle biopsy results in 17 of 28 patients (undifferentiated carcinoma was suspected in 2); and by large-needle biopsy results in 21 of 23 (undifferentiated or poorly differentiated carcinoma was suspected in 2). Biopsy of diffuse Hashimoto's goiters is indicated for cold imaging defects, enlarging tender goiter, or goiter enlarging on thyroid hormone. Early diagnosis may improve prognosis for lymphoma of the thyroid, so that surgery or chemotherapy can be avoided. PMID- 6688936 TI - [Retinopathy of premature infants (retrolental fibroplasia)]. PMID- 6688937 TI - Effects of the Nd:YAG laser on DNA synthesis and collagen production in human skin fibroblast cultures. AB - Human skin fibroblasts were subjected to treatment with a Neodymium:YAG laser at 1060 nm with varying levels of energy determined by a reproducible method of dosimetry. DNA synthesis in the cells was measured by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine, and collagen production was monitored by the synthesis of nondialyzable [3H]hydroxyproline after incubation of cells with [3H]proline. Using energy levels equal to 1.7 X 10(3) J/cm2, a significant reduction in DNA synthesis was noted, while the cells remained viable as tested by the trypan blue exclusion test. With energy levels higher or equal to 2.3 X 10(3) J/cm2, the suppression of DNA synthesis was accompanied by cell nonviability. The collagen production, when measured immediately following the treatment with 1.7 X 10(3) J/cm2, was markedly reduced, and similar effects were observed with higher energy levels. However, when the cells were tested for collagen production at 20 hours following laser treatment, there was a significant decrease in collagen production at energy levels as low as 1.1 X 10(3) J/cm2, a dose that did not affect DNA synthesis or cell viability. Thus, the results indicate that the Nd:YAG laser can selectively suppress collagen production without affecting cell proliferation. These observations suggest that laser treatment could potentially be used to reduce collagen deposition in conditions such as keloids and hypertrophic scars. PMID- 6688938 TI - The Preece-Baines growth function demonstrated by personal computer: a teaching and research aid. AB - A group of programs was designed for execution on a personal computer to demonstrate the features of the Preece-Baines model applied to growth in height. Mean constant distance and velocity curves of four populations can be compared graphically or new curves fitted to data entered by keyboard or retrieved from diskette files. Biological parameters describing growth events are derived from the function coefficients. PMID- 6688939 TI - Production of a bacteriocin, ulceracin 378, by Corynebacterium ulcerans. AB - The production of the bacteriocin ulceracin 378 by Corynebacterium ulcerans 378 was demonstrated during the growth of the organism on solid medium. Ulceracin 378 was not found in broth cultures and could not be extracted from the organisms by various solvents and salt solutions. Ulceracin 378 was not inducible by UV irradiation or mitomycin C treatments. Ulceracin 378 was active against all of the C. ulcerans strains tested and some related species, but it was not autoinhibitory. The active material was not phage related and was extracted from cultures grown on semisolid media composed of proteose peptone, Tween 80, Casamino Acids, glycerol, and sodium chloride. The yield was significantly reduced by either increasing the agar concentration or omitting Tween 80. Ulceracin 378 was resistant to DNase, RNase, phospholipases C and D, and alkaline phosphatase but was susceptible to proteolytic enzymes. This suggests that the active principle of ulceracin is protein in nature. Ulceracin 378 was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis, and chromatography on DEAE cellulose. PMID- 6688940 TI - Bacterial degradation of emulsan. AB - Emulsan is a polyanionic heteropolysaccharide bioemulsifier produced by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1. A mixed bacterial population was obtained by enrichment culture that was capable of degrading emulsan and using it as a carbon source. From this mixed culture, an emulsan-degrading bacterium, termed YUV-1, was isolated. Strain YUV-1 is an aerobic, gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod shaped bacterium which grows best in media containing yeast extract. When placed on preformed lawns of A. calcoaceticus RAG-1, strain YUV-1 produced translucent plaques which grew in size until the entire plate was covered. Plaque formation was due to solubilization of the emulsan capsule of RAG-1. Plaque formation was not observed on emulsan-negative mutants of RAG-1. As a consequence of the solubilization of the emulsan capsule, RAG-1 cells became more hydrophobic, as determined by adherence to hexadecane. Growth of YUV-1 on a medium containing yeast extract and emulsan was biphasic. During the initial 24 h, cell concentration increased 10-fold, but emulsan was not degraded; during the lag in growth (24 to 48 h), emulsan was inactivated and depolymerized but not consumed; during the second growth phase (48 to 70 h) the depolymerized emulsan products were consumed. PMID- 6688942 TI - Rat ligandin mRNA molecular cloning and sequencing. AB - Recombinant plasmids containing the double-stranded cDNA sequences of mRNA for the Mr 22,000 ligandin (glutathione S-transferase B) subunit (Ya) have been constructed. The DNA sequence of an insert corresponding to the middle and 3' regions of the mRNA was determined and an amino acid sequence was proposed for the ligandin Ya subunit. The proposed sequence reveals a high content of basic amino acids (Arg and Lys) and Leu, is consistent with the amino acid composition, and predicts the correct number of peptides derived from tryptic digests reported for ligandin. PMID- 6688941 TI - Differential response of testicular and ovarian heme oxygenase activity to metal ions. AB - The response of the microsomal heme oxygenase in the testis to metal ions distinctly differed from that of the ovarian source. The activity of the ovarian enzyme in rats treated with Co2+ (250 mumol/kg, 24 h) responded in consonance with that of the liver and the kidney, i.e., heme oxygenase activity was elevated. In contrast, similar treatments did not increase the activity of testicular heme oxygenase. In addition, other metal ions, such as Cu2+, Sn2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+, known for their potency to increase heme oxygenase activity, were ineffective in increasing the enzyme activity in the testis. The unprecedented response of heme oxygenase in the testis to metal ions did not reflect an unusual nature of the enzyme protein insofar as it displayed a similar cofactor requirement and inhibition by known inhibitors of the enzyme activity, such as KCN and NaN3. Moreover, the apparent Km's for oxidation of hematoheme by the testicular and ovarian microsomal fractions were comparable and measured 2.3 and 1.4 microM, respectively. In the testis of Co2+-treated rats, the concentration of cytochrome P-450 in the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticular fractions was significantly decreased. The decrease in the hemoprotein level, however, did not reciprocate the activity of heme oxygenase in the fractions. The inability of metal ions to induce heme oxygenase activity in the testis did not represent the general refractory nature of the enzymes of heme metabolism to metal ions in this organ, since in rats treated with Co2+ the activity of delta-aminolevulinate synthetase was significantly decreased 24 h after treatment. However, the activities of uroporphyrinogen-I synthetase, delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase, and ferrochelatase and the content of porphyrins were not altered in the testis of rats treated with Co2+. The response of delta-aminolevulinate synthetase in the ovarian tissue to Co2+ treatment contrasted that of the testis. In the ovary, the enzyme activity significantly decreased 6 h after treatment. This decrease was followed by a rebound increase at 24 h after administration of Co2+. The presently described inability of metal ions to induce testicular heme oxygenase activity suggests that the activity of the enzyme in the testis is controlled by factor(s) which differ from those regulating the enzyme activity in other organs, including another steroidogenic organ, the ovary. PMID- 6688943 TI - The effects of 22, 23-dihydroavermectin B1 on Strongyloides ratti and S. stercoralis infections in mice. AB - The efficacy of the avermectin compound 22, 23-dihydroavermectin B1 against murine strongyloidiasis has been examined. A daily dose of 4 micrograms (200 micrograms kg-1) totally suppressed excretion of Strongyloides ratti larvae in the faeces. A similar marked suppression was seen when 10 micrograms (500 micrograms kg-1) of the drug was given on two days during the phase of larval migration or during the intestinal phase. Avermectin did not affect larval numbers in the skin but reduced larval numbers in the lungs by 91%. Administration of avermectin during the phase of larval migration completely prevented the subsequent appearance of adult worms in the gut. A single dose of 50 micrograms (2.5 mg kg-1) eradicated intestinal adult worms. Some variability was noted in dose-response studies, but the drug was very potent and a dose of 50 micrograms (2.5 mg kg-1) always eradicated the worms. Avermectin greatly reduced the numbers of S. stercoralis larvae in the muscles, whether it was given early or late in the infection. Eradication of S. stercoralis larvae from muscle followed a single dose of 100 micrograms (5 mg kg-1). It is concluded that this avermectin could be valuable in the treatment of human strongyloidiasis. PMID- 6688944 TI - Cottonseed flour effects on androgen testicular content and serum levels in rats. AB - Natural gossypol present in the whole cottonseed flour (CSF) has clear antifertility properties, decreasing the number and motility of spermatozoa. In this study the endocrine function of the testes was evaluated, measuring by specific radioimmunoassays the testicular content and the serum levels of androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in male rats fed with different and nontoxic concentrations of CSF along with Purina chow for 4 weeks, followed by 6 weeks of a recovery period. The testicular content of A, T, and DHT decreased 63%, 90%, and 38%, respectively, in comparison with their control. The serum levels of the three androgens diminished as follows: A 74%, T 95%, and DHT 60%. All the steroids measured in the recovery period showed a tendency towards the control values in both testicular content and serum. The most affected steroid was testosterone, which, after the recovery period, did not reach the control values. A also decreased, suggesting a blockade in testicular steroidogenesis caused by the initial diet. PMID- 6688945 TI - Multilocular renal cysts in adults. Possible relationship to renal adenocarcinoma. AB - Three grossly typical multilocular renal cysts are described. In one case, results from cytologic examination of a cyst aspirate were suggestive of malignancy. In this and the second case, histologic examination revealed cysts lined by attenuated to pump epithelium, with mild cytologic atypia and clear cytoplasm. The third case, arising in the clinical setting of chronic renal insufficiency, had the above histologic features as well as papillary proliferations and septal invasion by clear cells, interpreted as a renal adenocarcinoma. Although the preoperative evaluations in each case were suggestive of a multilocular cyst, a cystic or partially necrotic adenocarcinoma could not be ruled out. The concept of renal adenocarcinoma arising in a multilocular cyst is controversial. Because the natural evolution of multilocular cysts is indolent, these papillary and clear cell changes may represent a malignant neoplasm or a peculiar atypical hyperplasia. PMID- 6688946 TI - Kaolin pneumoconiosis. A case report. AB - A 35-year-old man who had been occupationally exposed to aerosolized kaolin for 17 years in a Georgia processing plant had diffuse reticulonodular pulmonary infiltrates and an upper lobe mass. Exploratory thoracotomy, performed to evaluate the nature of the mass, revealed an 8 X 12 X 10-cm conglomerate pneumoconiotic lesion containing large amounts of kaolinite. Coincident deposition of silica in the tissue was not demonstrable by either analytic scanning electron microscopy or x-ray diffraction. The case illustrates the effect of chronic kaolin exposure on the human lung and emphasizes the need for periodic evaluation of exposed workers. PMID- 6688947 TI - Acetylthiocholinesterase and Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 6688948 TI - Phenytoin and generalized lymphadenopathy. PMID- 6688949 TI - Diagnosis of parathyroid hyperplasia. PMID- 6688950 TI - Incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary newborn intensive care unit. AB - This study determined the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in 2,958 admissions to the Newborn Intensive Care Unit of the James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, between January 1976 and December 1979. Among 2,484 survivors, acute ROP developed in 72 (2.9%); 60 (83%) of these newborns had birth weights of less than 1,500 g. The incidence of acute ROP among survivors with birth weights of less than 1,000 g (28%) was approximately three times that of the survivors with birth weights between 1,001 and 1,500 g (10.1%). The overall incidence of blindness was 4.5% of surviving infants less than 1,000 g and 1.2% of those surviving with birth weights of 1,000 to 1,500 g. Evidence of the strong influence of immaturity and low birth weight on the risk of development of ROP is reaffirmed. Increasing survival of the most susceptible infants may be the factor contributing most to the overall incidence of ROP. PMID- 6688951 TI - Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)--laboratory and field studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of an inactivated MG bacterin. AB - A highly antigenic isolate of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) was utilized in the production of an inactivated, oil-emulsified MG bacterin (MGB). Laboratory tests indicated that the bacterin was capable of protecting chickens from clinical signs of MG caused by intrasinus challenge with the R, S-6, PG-31, or 1150 strain of MG. Vaccinated turkeys also were protected from clinical signs of disease when challenged with MG. Use of the MGB in chickens under laboratory conditions resulted in a reduction in airsacculitis from 44% in nonvaccinates to 10% in vaccinates and further reduced the number of organisms present in the trachea post-challenge. Commercial chickens vaccinated subcutaneously midway or lower in the nape of the neck showed no untoward effects due to the bacterin. Those improperly vaccinated at the base of the skull developed a transient edema around the eye(s). This swelling did not appear to affect the performance of the chickens and had been reabsorbed by the next observation period. Subcutaneous inoculation should be at the mid or lower neck region. Field trials at a commercial egg operation comparing production efficiency showed that chickens vaccinated with the MGB had higher egg production, a greater percentage of eggs graded large and over, a smaller percentage of undergrades, and better feed conversion than chickens vaccinated with a live-culture, low-virulence Conn-F strain vaccine. The results of these studies indicate that the oil-emulsified MG bacterin is safe and highly efficacious. PMID- 6688952 TI - Genital warts and cervical neoplasia: an epidemiological study. AB - Cervical carcinoma and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) are likely to be associated with all sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). To help discover which (if any) of the recognised STDs might actually cause these conditions, a key question is whether one particular such association is much stronger than the others. The present study is therefore only of women newly attending an STD clinic, and compares the prevalences of cytological abnormalities of the cervix among 415 women attending with genital warts, 135 with genital herpes, and 458 with trichomoniasis or gonorrhoea. Significantly more genital wart patients (8.1%) than trichomoniasis or gonorrhoea patients (1.9%) showed dyskaryotic changes (adjusted relative risk (RR) = 5.8 with 95% limits 2.5-13.5) at, or a few months before, first attendance, while no excess whatever was seen in women with genital herpes. Moreover, half the women had a subsequent smear (at an average of 3-4 years after first attendance) and, although the diagnosis at first attendance was not related to the onset rate of dyskaryotic changes observed in these subsequent smears, it was related to the onset rate of grade III cervical intra epithelial neoplasia (CIN III), which was found in 7 previous genital wart patients, in 2 previous trichomonas patients, but in 0 previous genital herpes patients. Thus, our findings suggest that herpes is not directly relevant to dyskaryotic change, but that one or more of the human papilloma viruses that cause genital warts may be. PMID- 6688953 TI - Cervical dilatation by Lamicel--studies on the mechanism of action. AB - Lamicel is a synthetic hydrophilic polymer tent which produces cervical softening and dilatation when inserted into the endocervical canal. To investigate the mechanism of action of Lamicel, the intrauterine pressure and levels of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, 13-14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha, oestradiol and progesterone in plasma and amniotic fluid were measured in patients undergoing second trimester abortion. There was no significant change in any of the measured hormones during a 2-h treatment with Lamicel, but uterine activity increased significantly for 10 min after insertion, then settled spontaneously to below pre-treatment levels. Peripheral plasma levels of magnesium sulphate measured in patients undergoing first trimester abortion were not significantly raised after insertion of Lamicel. Light microscopic examination of cervical specimens, obtained at hysterectomy from patients pre-treated with Lamicel for 24 h, revealed minimum increase in vascularity, mast cell population and ground substance mucopolysaccharides. PMID- 6688954 TI - Alterations in plasma and tissue prostaglandin levels in rabbits during luteal regression. AB - To determine if ovarian as well as uterine prostaglandin production was associated with luteal regression, tissue and plasma concentrations of prostaglandin F (PGF), prostaglandin E (PGE), 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-keto-PGF), and thromboxane B2 (TxB) were measured by radioimmunoassay in uterus, corpora lutea, nonluteal tissue, uterine venous plasma and ovarian venous plasma on Days 8, 12 and 15 of pseudopregnancy in the rabbit. Total prostaglandin levels (PGF + PGE + 6-keto-PGF + TxB) were 4-fold greater in the uterus compared to nonluteal tissue and 8-fold greater than in corpora lutea. Both PGF and PGE levels were increased in uterine tissue on Day 15 compared to Days 8 or 12 (P less than 0.01). The ratio of PGF:PGE was also elevated on Day 15 compared to Days 8 or 12 (P less than 0.05) which suggests that the luteolytic effect of PGF predominates over the possible luteotropic effect of PGE. There were no significant changes in the concentration of TxB or 6-keto-PGF or the ratio of TxB:6-keto-PGF in uterine tissue on any day studied. In nonluteal tissue, PGE was the only PG to vary significantly; PGE levels were elevated (P less than 0.05) on Day 8 of pseudopregnancy compared to Days 12 or 15. Although corpora lutea contain significant quantities of PGF, PGE, TxB and 6-keto-PGF, no alterations in the levels of any of these substances were observed between Days 8, 12 or 15 of pseudopregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6688955 TI - [Improved evaluation of images on an oscillograph screen]. PMID- 6688956 TI - Broad-zone active-enzyme chromatography. Keto-acid dehydrogenases as associating systems. AB - We have extended the method of active-enzyme chromatography to include the use of broad zones of enzyme. This allows examination of interacting systems in a way formally analogous to sedimentation velocity so that simulation of the observed activity profiles is possible. The method has been applied using pyridine nucleotide-linked active enzyme assays. At the concentrations presently accessible by this technique, hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, both associating systems, show single symmetrical boundaries, as does isolated diaphorase, while pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases show more complex patterns, with the position of the reaction boundary for diaphorase activity being dependent on enzyme concentration. PMID- 6688957 TI - Dislodgeable insecticide residues on cotton foliage: comparison of ULV/cottonseed oil vs. aqueous dilutions of 12 insecticides. PMID- 6688958 TI - Maternal diabetes mellitus and changes in neonatal rat lung and alveolar surfactant phospholipids. AB - We investigated the extent of the influence of maternal diabetes on the phospholipid composition and exchange activity of the neonatal lung alveolar surfactant. The results show that each phospholipid fraction (as well as the total phospholipid content) of the surfactant of neonates with diabetic mothers are decreased to about 30% of the control values. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol, which are the most important surface active phospholipid fractions, were decreased to 27% and 34% respectively. In lung tissue of the neonates with diabetic mothers, all phospholipid fractions were increased. We found that the phosphatidylcholine-exchange activity in the alveolar surfactant does not exist in neonates with diabetic mothers. This inhibited phospholipid exchange activity may be the reason for the decrease in the surfactant phospholipids and their increase in the lungs of neonates with diabetic mothers. The cholesterol content in the surfactant of such neonates decreased by almost half in comparison with the controls, while in lung tissue it remained unchanged. Producing an experimental respiratory distress syndrome could permit to study more deeply the causes which provoke it and the accompanying metabolic changes. PMID- 6688959 TI - Social and psychological factors in the distribution of STD in male clinic attenders. I Demographic and social factors. AB - We describe three related studies of possible aetiological risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in men attending an STD clinic. In this paper we present the results for a variety of social and demographic variables traditionally associated with STD. In contrast to the results in the next two papers, these were largely negative. Occurrence rates of overall STD or of hepatitis, syphilis, gonorrhoea, or non-specific urethritis (NSU) had no aetiologically relevant association with age, nationality, marital status, social class, occupation, non-sexual social contact, drug abuse, or aggressive attitudes and behaviour. Gonorrhoea, however, was the only STD which correlated with alcohol abuse and with eating out rather than at home. We conclude that, with the possible exception of gonorrhoea, social factors contribute little to the distribution of STD risk within the study population. PMID- 6688960 TI - Social and psychological factors in the distribution of STD in male clinic attenders. II Personality disorders, psychiatric illness, and abnormal sexual attitudes. AB - Using standardised questionnaires we examined the possible contributions of psychiatric illness, delinquent and other abnormal personality traits, and disturbed attitudes to sex to the risk of sexually transmitted disease (STD) infection in men attending an STD clinic. We found certain differences in personality and in attitudes between the clinic sample and control men. These differences, however, a) were not comparable with those found in groups of clinically abnormal subjects, b) were confined to homosexual and bisexual men, and c), with the possible exception of gonorrhoea, were not related to risk of STD infection. PMID- 6688961 TI - Social and psychological factors in the distribution of STD in male clinic attenders. III Sexual activity. AB - We report on the relation between various aspects of sexual activity and risk of infection with sexually transmitted disease (STD) in two groups of men attending an STD clinic. Sexual promiscuity appeared to have little effect on the distribution of most STDs, showing a strong association only with gonorrhoea. This finding was contrary to expectation but consistent with the results reported in the first two papers in this series. In contrast to promiscuity, however, sexual orientation subgroups showed a sharp difference in incidence of the major STDs. Hepatitis and syphilis occurred equally commonly among bisexual and homosexual men, but much less commonly among heterosexuals; NSU occurred more commonly among heterosexual men; and gonorrhoea, though common in all three groups, occurred most commonly in bisexual men and least commonly among heterosexuals. For certain STDs the form of intercourse may be as important a risk factor as sexual promiscuity but the precise mechanisms by which sexual orientation influences risk of STD remain undefined. PMID- 6688962 TI - Cervical cytology figures for 1970-81. PMID- 6688963 TI - Is lectin-coupled horseradish peroxidase taken up and transported by undamaged as well as by damaged fibers in the central nervous system? AB - Uptake and transport of horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin conjugate (HRP-WGA) in intact and damaged passing fibers were studied by injections of the medulla and pons in 11 cats. Injections with evidence of damage to olivocerebellar fibers and cranial nerve fibers invariably lead to retrograde labeling of neurons in the inferior olive and cranial motor nuclei. With staining around--but apparently no damage of--cranial nerve root fibers, no labeling was found in their motor nuclei. Injections limited to the medullary pyramid with slight fiber damage and limited staining lead to faint retrograde labeling of a small number of cells in the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex. More extensive staining and fiber damage of the pyramid gave a higher number of labeled cells in the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex. From these experiments we conclude that HRP WGA is taken up and transported retrogradely with subsequent significant cell labeling in damaged but not in intact fibers. Anterograde transport of HRP-WGA in fibers passing through the injected area was found to take place only for a very short distance, as judged from cases with injections of either the pons or the medullary pyramid interrupting many corticospinal fibers. PMID- 6688964 TI - Autoradiographic localization of binding sites for the delta sleep-inducing peptide ( [3H]DSIP) on neurons of cultured rat brainstem. AB - Binding of the delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) was studied in cultures of rat brainstem by means of autoradiography. Binding sites for [3H]DSIP were observed on small, medium-sized and large brainstem neurons but not on glial cells. Addition of unlabeled DSIP inhibited or markedly reduced binding of [3H]DSIP. It is suggested that brainstem neurons might possess receptors for this sleep inducing peptide. PMID- 6688965 TI - Effect of temperature on the cytotoxicity of vindesine, amsacrine, and mitoxantrone. AB - The effect of elevated temperature on the cytotoxicity of three new anticancer drugs (vindesine, mitoxantrone, and amsacrine [AMSA]) was tested in Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro. Three distinct patterns of interaction with hyperthermia were observed. Vindesine, tested at 37 degrees C, produced a 50% cell kill when concentrations of greater than or equal to 1.0 micrograms/ml (up to 3.0 micrograms/ml) for 1 hour were used. At 42.4 degrees C, concentrations greater than 1.0 micrograms/ml for 1 hour caused a 60% cell kill (an additive cytotoxic effect). Mitoxantrone produced concentration-dependent lethality at 37 degrees C (89% cell kill after 0.25 micrograms/ml for 1 hour; 99% cell kill after 1.0 micrograms/ml for 1 hour). Exposure to mitoxantrone at 42.4 degrees C resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity (97% cell kill after 0.25 micrograms/ml for 1 hour; 99.98% cell kill after 1.0 micrograms/ml for 1 hour). In contrast, treatment with AMSA at 42.4 degrees C inhibited cytotoxicity (99.98% cell kill after 5 micrograms/ml for 1 hour at 37 degrees C; 91% cell kill after 5 micrograms/ml for 1 hour at 42.4 degrees C). AMSA was not inactivated after being heated at 42.4 degrees C for 1 hour prior to treatment of cells at 37 degrees C. PMID- 6688966 TI - Fatal acute respiratory failure following intrathecal methotrexate administration. PMID- 6688967 TI - Phase II study of amsacrine in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. PMID- 6688968 TI - Inhibition of human lymphocyte activation by wheat germ agglutinin: a model for saccharide-specific suppressor factors. AB - The suppressive effect of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) on lectin-stimulated blastogenesis and immunoglobulin production was studied. Addition of WGA at 10 micrograms/ml inhibited phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-, concanavalin-A (Con-A)-, and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced mitogenic responses by 70-80%. PWM-driven immunoglobulin synthesis was suppressed by 45% with WGA. The inhibitory effects of WGA were not due to cell death or to interference with lectin binding at the cell surface. Inhibition was dependent on the presence of WGA in the cell culture during the first 24 hr of mitogen exposure and was observed in cultures of both monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as T-cell-enriched populations. WGA-induced inhibition of blastogenesis was blocked by the addition of N-acetylglucosamine (GluNAc) which prevents WGA binding to the cell surface. WGA was found to mimic the suppressive effect of a soluble immune suppressor supernatant (SISS) derived from Con-A-activated mononuclear cell cultures. PHA responses were inhibited by 80 and 95% with SISS and WGA, respectively. The inhibition by both WGA and SISS was totally reversed with addition of GluNAc. Furthermore, WGA and SISS demonstrated competition for the same cell surface receptor site. WGA may therefore be useful as an in vitro model of a saccharide specific, biologically relevant, soluble mediator for the investigation of mechanisms of immunologic suppression. PMID- 6688969 TI - [A study of the kinetics of 14C-cytembena after intravenous administration in rabbits using thin-layer autoradiography]. PMID- 6688970 TI - A pilot study of cyclical chemotherapy with high-dose methotrexate and CHOP (MTX CHOP) in poor-prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). AB - In a pilot study of cyclical chemotherapy in patients with poor-prognosis non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), high-dose methotrexate (MTX) 1 g/m2 with folinic acid rescue was given as initial treatment and then between cycles of a single-arm CHOP combination administered every 4 weeks. Of 21 patients with previously untreated or minimally treated grade 2 (high-grade) histology stage II/III/IV NHL, 13 (62%) achieved complete remission (CR); the CR rate for stage III/IV patients was 56%. Of all 25 patients with grade 2 stage II/III/IV NHL, including previously treated patients, 16 (64%) achieved CR. The median follow-up of patients who completed treatment is currently 22 months and only 1 relapse has been recorded in the CR group. Only five of 24 grade 2 patients given the initial 'test' MTX failed to show any response, and eight patients achieved partial remission (PR) as a result of this single treatment. The response to MTX-CHOP in nine patients with grade 1 (low-grade) histology NHL was poor; only two achieved CR. These findings lend support to other data which indicate a useful role for MTX in the induction chemotherapy of advanced high-grade NHL, though the optimum dosage and drug sequence have yet to be determined. PMID- 6688971 TI - Detection of thyroid growth immunoglobulins (TGI) by [3H]-thymidine incorporation in cultured rat thyroid follicles. AB - A new bioassay is described for detecting the growth stimulating immunoglobulins (TGI) that contribute to goitre formation in human thyroid autoimmune diseases. It measures the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into intact rat thyroid follicles grown in tissue culture. This radiometric assay demands much less technical skill than the cytochemical bioassays (CBA) previously employed. It has good reproducibility and the techniques and apparatus are available in many clinical laboratories. Immunoglobulins (Igs) from 68% of patients with goitrous Graves' disease were positive, in proportion with goitre size, and this showed no correlation with T3 levels, or three accepted methods for conventional thyroid stimulating antibodies. Non-toxic nodular goitre cases gave positive results in 3/9 who had recurrences after one or more thyroidectomies and in 1/10 cases of familial simple goitre. All normal subjects and all endemic goitre cases were negative as well as 21 cases of sporadic non-toxic nodular goitre. Although it is less sensitive than the 'growth CBA' it clearly emphasizes the essential difference between the intensity of growth stimulus which leads to the regular hyperplasia of thyroid epithelium seen in Graves' thyrotoxicosis and the disorganized and metabolically uncoordinated hyperplasia typical of non-toxic nodular goitre. PMID- 6688972 TI - High incidence of normal thyroid gland volume in patients with Graves' disease. AB - Thyroid function and thyroid gland volume, ultrasonically determined, were investigated in ninety consecutive untreated patients with Graves' disease. Twenty-eight patients (31%) had no clinically detectable goitre. Median thyroid gland volume was 31 ml (range 12-99 ml). Twenty-one patients (23%) had a normal calculated thyroid volume. Thyroid volume did not correlate with any measure of thyroid function. The lack of a goitre in a large portion of patients with Graves' disease could be responsible for delayed diagnosis and subsequent treatment of these patients. PMID- 6688973 TI - Effect of the combination of dexamethasone and sodium ipodate on serum thyroid hormones in Graves' disease. AB - To investigate the effect of the combination of dexamethasone (Dex) and sodium ipodate (SI) on hyperthyroidism, we studied 24 patients with typical Graves' disease, divided into four groups of six persons each. Three groups (Study I) were studied acutely (24 h) to determine the effects of Dex (5 mg every 12 h intramuscularly), SI (one oral dose of 3 g) and both drugs at the same doses, upon T4, T3, and rT3 at 0900 h before therapy was started and 24 h later. The group on Dex and that on SI had a similar T3 decrement of 25.9 +/- 4.0% and 35.8 +/- 5.0%, respectively, (P less than 0.05), whereas the effect of both drugs combined was greater (64.2 +/- 3.6%; P less than 0.01, Dex, and P less than 0.01, SI, respectively). The increment of rT3 was markedly greater in those patients on SI than in those on Dex (561.3 +/- 149.2% and 58.9 +/- 11%, respectively, P less than 0.025). A fourth group (Study II) was studied for seven days while receiving both Dex (1 mg orally three times per day) and SI (500 mg orally three times per day). Both T4 (from 18.8 +/- 1.1 to 13.1 +/- 1.1 micrograms/dl, P less than 0.02) and T3 (from 593 +/- 41 to 136.3 +/- 12.7 ng/dl, P less than 0.001) decreased at day 8. The initial brisk increment of rT3 at 24 h (808 +/- 149%, P less than 0.005) then diminished concomitantly with the fall of its precursor, T4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6688974 TI - Angiotensinogen and kininogen: cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNAs. AB - The primary structures of the angiotensinogen precursor and the low molecular weight (LMW) kininogen precursors have been deduced by determining the nucleotide sequences of cloned DNAs complementary to their mRNAs. The angiotensinogen precursor consists of a mature angiotensinogen of 453 amino acid residues and a putative signal peptide of 24 amino acid residues. An angiotensin moiety is located at the amino-terminal part of angiotensinogen, preceded directly by the signal peptide and followed by a large carboxyl-terminal sequence that contains two internally homologous sequences and three potential glycosylation sites. The LMW kininogen precursors are encoded by two very similar but distinct mRNAs and composed of 436 and 434 amino acid residues. Both kininogens contain two internally homologous sequences in which all amino acid differences between the two kininogens are located. This suggests that these homologous regions may be biologically significant in relation to the existence of two LMW kininogens. PMID- 6688975 TI - [Blood propylthiouracil concentration in patients with Basedow's disease determined by radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 6688976 TI - [High fever induced by propylthiouracil in Basedow's disease]. PMID- 6688977 TI - The incidence of prepatellar neuropathy following medial meniscectomy. AB - The frequency of lasting prepatellar dysesthesia following medial meniscectomy has been under-estimated. Analysis of 87 patients undergoing medial meniscectomy in a prospective study with a minimum follow-up period of six months showed dysesthesia in 63.2% immediately after operation. The condition persisted in 44.4% at six months. Female patients had a higher incidence of dysesthesia than male patients and had a slower recovery rate. Numbness had a less favorable prognosis than paresthesia. PMID- 6688978 TI - An experimental study of reconstructive procedures in lesions of the meniscus. Use of synovial flaps and carbon fiber implants for artificially made lesions in the meniscus of the rabbit. AB - Reconstructive procedures were investigated in meniscal lesions in 25 rabbits. Large meniscal defects were repaired with either a synovial flap or a carbon fiber implant. Fibrous tissue healing with occasional areas of fibrocartilage occurred after both types of reconstruction. When carbon fibers were used the ingrowing fibroblasts showed directional orientation. PMID- 6688979 TI - Studies of bone tissue in rats treated by prednisolone and 1,25-(OH)2D3. AB - Adult male rats were treated for six weeks by prednisolone and/or 1,25-(OH)2D3 and given a diet containing either 0.5% calcium or 0.01% Ca and 0.6% phosphorus. Both prednisolone administration and a low-Ca diet were associated with a lower bone mass than that observed in control rats given a 0.5% Ca diet. The percentage of osteoid surface was decreased in rats given prednisolone; these rats also had a lower osteoclast number. The results were consistent with a lower bone turnover during prednisolone treatment. Administration of 1,25-(OH)2D3, resulting in a slightly higher mean level of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in serum, had a positive effect on bone mass, which may be related to increased osteoblastic activity; no increase in the osteoclast number occurred. PMID- 6688980 TI - A comparison of the fragmentation of different species of mammalian immunoglobulin M by trypsin in urea. AB - Six different species of mammalian IgM that had been preincubated in 4-6 M urea showed marked differences in their fragmentation by trypsin at 25 degrees C. These differences are most probably due to different degrees of conformational change in urea particularly as regards the C mu 2 domains. The fragments obtained by digestion with trypsin in urea were often different to those obtained by digestion in aqueous buffer at 37 or 55 degrees C. In particular the production of (Fc*)5 fragment containing C mu 2 domains was favoured. In the case of human and mouse IgM the fragmentation could be controlled sufficiently to produce series of molecules which differed in their numbers of Fab arms and/or C mu 2 domains. PMID- 6688981 TI - Variation in erythrocyte purine metabolism among mouse strains. AB - Erythrocytes of five strains of mice had ATP concentrations of ca 2.7 mumol/ml packed cells, while those of CBA mice were 23% lower, and those of BALB/C mice were 40% lower. The ratio of the concentrations of ATP and GTP were ca 3.3 in four strains but greater than 27 in three other strains. When erythrocytes from different mouse strains were incubated with radioactive precursors, appreciable strain differences were found in the apparent activities of adenine and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, guanine deaminase and xanthine oxidase. The activities of adenosine deaminase and guanine deaminase in sera of mice of different strains also varied. PMID- 6688982 TI - Necrotic tumor simulating intraabdominal abscess: a case report. AB - The appearance of gas was observed within a lymphomatous mass at the time of therapy, simulating an abscess on computed tomography and abdominal radiography. There was no evidence that the tumor was infected. No fistula could be demonstrated between the mass and a hollow viscus, and phlegmonous necrosis of the tumor is suggested as an etiology. PMID- 6688983 TI - Xth Postgraduate Seminar in Pediatric Dermatology. Part I. Miami, Florida, February 24-27, 1983. PMID- 6688984 TI - Postnatal increase in airway surfactant in the premature rabbit exposed in utero to betamethasone. AB - In utero exposure to betamethasone on days 26 and 27 of gestation resulted in a significant increase in lung lavage phospholipid after 24 h of air breathing in rabbit pups delivered at 29 days of gestation. At 6 h of age, the proportion of type II epithelial cells in betamethasone-exposed newborns was nearly twice the saline-exposed control value. Phospholipid composition and pressure:volume analysis of compliance were both unaffected by betamethasone treatment. The betamethasone-associated increase in airway phospholipid content was observed only in female pups. These data support the conclusion that antenatal betamethasone treatment elicits an increase in airway phospholipid which is dependent on breathing and confined to the female newborn. PMID- 6688985 TI - [Addressed chemical modification of a single-stranded DNA fragment]. PMID- 6688987 TI - [Falsely elevated TSH value due to the presence of heterophilic antibodies]. PMID- 6688986 TI - [Construction of a clone bank of human fibroblast cDNA: determination of the collagen sequences and copies of the repetitive genome elements]. PMID- 6688988 TI - Effects of low medium magnesium concentration on bone resorption in response to parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in organ culture. AB - We have examined the effects of decreasing the magnesium concentration in the medium on bone resorption in organ culture. During a 5-day culture, low magnesium (0.25 vs. 0.8 mM) caused a decrease in unstimulated 45Ca release from live and killed fetal rat bones for the first 2 days but not thereafter, suggesting an early and transient alteration in physicochemical equilibrium for calcium between bone and extracellular fluid in magnesium deficiency. In addition, 45Ca release in response to low and intermediate doses of PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was significantly impaired throughout the 5-day culture period, such that the response to the lowest dose of both hormones that was effective at 0.8 mM magnesium was abolished at 0.25 mM. The DNA and magnesium content of bones was significantly decreased after 1 day of preculture in deficient medium. Subsequently, there was DNA loss from control bones, such that there was no significant difference in high and low magnesium concentrations at the end of the culture period. Our studies show that low magnesium concentration impairs the skeletal response to calcium-mobilizing hormones in vitro and that this is not likely to be due to nonspecific cell toxicity. Such an effect may play a role in the hypocalcemia associated with magnesium depletion in vivo. PMID- 6688989 TI - Immunological specificity and biological action of biliary glucagon-like substance in the rabbit. AB - A glucagon-like substance named biliary IRG2000 whose molecular weight is approximately 2,000 was isolated by gel filtration from rabbit bile. This substance showed a strong crossreactivity as equivalent to 25.7 +/- 5.1 ng/ml of porcine glucagon in RIA with antiserum 30K specificity. Biliary IRG2000 brought about a significant increase and delayed the response of blood glucose level in coexistence with porcine glucagon, though it has no appreciable effect on the glucose level when administered singly to the mouse intraperitoneally. The response with the coexistence of these materials was far greater than when porcine glucagon was given alone. In Mortimore's type rat liver perfusion, a significant rise in glucose concentration in effluent was also observed when a mixture of biliary IRG2000 and porcine glucagon was perfused. The rate of 125I glucagon degradation was found delayed in the presence of biliary IRG2000 when examined in the rat. Thus the increase and delayed response of glucose level in coexistence of porcine glucagon with biliary IRG2000 may be explained by a suppressive effect of glucagon degradation due to biliary IRG2000. PMID- 6688990 TI - Repression of glycoprotein synthesis and release of surface coat during transformation of Trypanosoma brucei. AB - The biosynthesis of the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) and its release from the surface of Trypanosoma brucei 427 variant clone MITat 1.4 (117) during in vitro transformation of bloodstream trypomastigotes to procyclic trypomastigotes was investigated. After transfer to the transformation medium at 27 degrees C, VSG synthesis is repressed with a half-time, t1/2 = 30 min. Concomitantly VSG specific mRNA is lost suggesting that repression operates at the transcriptional level. The expression-linked extra gene copy, which codes for VSG, is retained during and after completion of transformation. After repression of VSG synthesis, surface VSG is shed from the cells into the culture medium. During release part of VSG (apparent mol. wt. 61 000) is proteolytically cleaved to a product (apparent mol. wt. 51 000) which represents the N-terminal domain of the protein as judged by the absence of the carbohydrate moiety normally linked to the C terminus. PMID- 6688991 TI - A novel peptide designated PYLa and its precursor as predicted from cloned mRNA of Xenopus laevis skin. AB - A variety of peptides closely related to mammalian hormones and neurotransmitters are secreted from amphibian skin. Using cDNA clones of mRNA isolated from skin of Xenopus laevis, we have been searching for precursors of some of these constituents. Here we present the sequences of parts of cloned mRNAs which code for precursors of a novel peptide. In the predicted polypeptides, pairs of basic residues flank a sequence of 25 amino acids terminating with glycine, the signal for the formation of a terminal amide. The predicted final product liberated from these precursors would be a peptide comprised of 24 amino acids starting with tyrosine and ending with leucine amide, which has therefore been designated PYLa. This peptide can form an amphipathic helix similar to that found in peptides with cytotoxic, bacteriostatic and/or lytic properties. PMID- 6688993 TI - Treatment of multiple myeloma with M-2 protocol and without maintenance therapy. AB - From September 1975 to December 1981, 63 consecutive untreated patients with multiple myeloma received the Lee M-2 protocol. We used the same drugs (melphalan, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, BCNU and prednisone) but employed the lowest suggested doses and recycled earlier, i.e. after 21-28 days. Thirty-five patients (62.5%) were in stage III, 16 (28.6%) in stage II and 5 (8.9%) in stage I. An objective response (reduction in paraprotein production rate greater than 50%) was obtained in 44 out of 56 cases (78%); 32 (57%) had a reduction greater than 75%. The median duration of response was 21.5 months. In responding patients the treatment was stopped after 1 yr and resumed only at relapse. Twenty-two out of 25 retreated patients are now evaluable. Eighteen of them (82%) responded again; in retreatment the degree of response was lower, but the duration of second response was only slightly lower than the first response (15.7 vs 21.5 months, NS). Of 7 patients receiving a third M-2 reinduction 4 responded again. The median survival for all the patients is 51 months. The high rate of second response to the M-2 regimen after an unmaintained remission brings into question the value of continuous therapy in responsive multiple myeloma. PMID- 6688992 TI - Molecular cloning of human haptoglobin cDNA: evidence for a single mRNA coding for alpha 2 and beta chains. AB - Human haptoglobin (Hp) is a plasma glycoprotein composed of alpha and beta polypeptide chains that are covalently associated by disulfide bonds. It had been suggested that alpha and beta polypeptides could be synthesized via a common precursor polypeptide. We report the molecular cloning of DNA complementary to human Hp mRNA. One of the clones, pULB1148, carries a full length copy coding for both alpha 2 and beta polypeptides. In vitro translation of human liver mRNA hybridizing with this cDNA gives a protein mol. wt. of 49000 daltons. The sequence of the alpha 2 beta cDNA shows the presence of a single Arg residue between Gln 142 of the alpha 2 chain and Ileu 1 of the beta chain. With a few minor exceptions, the DNA sequence fits the previously published amino acid sequences. The differences are the presence of an Asp residue at position 52 of alpha 2 instead of Asn, the existence in beta of only one Lys residue between Gly 65 and the following Gln, the presence of Ser and Cys at positions 218-219 instead of Cys-Ser, and of Asp residues at positions 205 and 235 instead of Asn. PMID- 6688994 TI - Divergent activity of derivatives of amsacrine (m-AMSA) towards Lewis lung carcinoma and P388 leukaemia in mice. AB - A series of acridine monosubstituted derivatives of the antitumour agent amsacrine [4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulphon-m-anisidide] has been tested for activity against intraperitoneally inoculated P388 leukaemia and intravenously inoculated Lewis lung carcinoma growing in DBA/2J X C57BL/6J mice, and treated using a q4d X 3 intraperitoneal injection schedule. Whereas all derivatives tested exhibited moderate to high activity towards the leukaemia, activity against the lung tumour varied from inactive to curative. Amsacrine itself displayed low but statistically significant activity. Cyclophosphamide and 2-beta D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide (tiazofurin) were highly active. 5 Fluorouracil was active but doxorubicin, daunorubicin, ametantrone and mitoxantrone showed no significant activity. Since the Lewis lung carcinoma is responsive to a high proportion of agents active against solid tumours in the clinic, it is concluded that some derivatives of amsacrine could be considerably more active than amsacrine itself against human solid tumours. PMID- 6688995 TI - Renal and extrarenal production of erythropoietin following exchange transfusion with plasma or a perfluorocarbon-polyol. AB - The extrarenal production of erythropoietin (Ep) was measured in young adolescent rats following exchange-transfusion with normal rat plasma or the whole blood replacement fluid, Fluosol-43. In the plasma-transfused anephric groups, the peak extrarenal Ep response to the severe degree of anemic hypoxia represented 23% of that evoked in renal-intact groups. In contrast, the peak extrarenal production of Ep in Fluosol-transfused renoprival groups was almost equal to those serum Ep levels produced in renal-intact groups. Histological studies revealed significant fluorocarbon uptake by hepatic macrophages that coincided with the time of peak production of Ep. Thus, while intense levels of hypoxia are required to stimulate the extrarenal production of Ep, these data suggest that as Fluosol-43 is taken up by the hepatic macrophages, Ep production by these cells is stimulated. PMID- 6688996 TI - [Richter's syndrome (reversible after chemotherapy) during chronic lymphatic leukemia. Brief description of a case]. PMID- 6688997 TI - Inoperable gastric lymphosarcoma mistaken for carcinoma: response to radiation with twenty-year survival to date. AB - With suitable treatment, the potential for long survival with gastric lymphoma is well-documented. However, since these tumors constitute only about 1-3% of gastric malignancies, they may occur only rarely in a particular radiologist's experience. The present report of a remarkable therapeutic response is a reminder that the possibility of lymphosarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of every gastric neoplasm. PMID- 6688998 TI - Effect of pirenzepine and antacids on postprandial intragastric pH. AB - Peptic ulcer treatment with high dose regimens of antacids may be inconvenient and unpleasant, and the risk of side effects should not be neglected. Anticholinergics are claimed to accentuate and prolong the effect of antacids on intragastric acidity. In the study the effect on postprandial intragastric pH of a moderate dose of antacids in combination with pirenzepine was compared with that of a double dose of antacids in six healthy subjects, to see whether the dose of antacids could be reduced when given in combination with an antimuscarinic compound. Doubling the dose of antacids caused higher pH peaks while adding pirenzepine caused a more sustained pH elevation. The curves showing the percentage of pH readings greater than or equal to each pH level were almost identical up to pH 4. The results support the rationale of using antacids and pirenzepine in combination. PMID- 6688999 TI - Autoradiographic localization of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rat placenta and yolk sac. AB - After injection of 3H-1,25-(OH)-vitamin D3 into rats on days 18 and 20 of pregnancy, autoradiograms of placenta and fetal membranes show nuclear concentration of radioactivity in certain cells. This nuclear concentration is abolished when unlabeled 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3, but not 25-(OH)-vitamin D3, is injected prior to the labeled hormone. Nuclear labeling is observed in epithelial cells of visceral yolk sac and amnion, and in certain trophoblasts in basalis and labyrinth. The results suggest the presence of a specific receptor-like binding for 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 and thus involvement of the target cells in calcium regulatory mechanisms during development. PMID- 6689000 TI - Toxofactor associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection is toxic and teratogenic to mice. AB - A toxin associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection was obtained from the trophozoites and culture medium used to propagate the parasite in cell cultures. The toxin, named Toxofactor (TF), administered parenterally or nonparenterally in adult mice, produces transient symptoms of lethargy, ruffled fur, and body weight loss. Organ changes which accompanied the outward symptoms included hepatosplenomegaly and involuted thymus. TF activity was detected in extracts of the blood, peritoneal fluid, liver, and spleen of infected mice. Severe damage to embryonal and fetal development was induced when TF was administered during pregnancy. Resorption, abortion, and congenital abnormalities were produced, dependent upon the stage of development at the time of exposure. Adult mice which had reacted to and recovered from an initial intraperitoneal injection to TF were protected against a secondary challenge from TF. Fetal development was also protected from damage when TF was used to challenge adults previously exposed to TF. Mouse and rabbit anti-TF sera neutralized TF activity in the adult. In no instance did control mice show any deleterious effect when exposed to soluble cell lysate from the uninfected cell line (BHK-21) used to propagate the organism plus the used medium from these same uninfected cells. TF activity was not attributed to bacterial, myocoplasmal, or viral contamination. TF toxic activity is labile to elevated temperature and high or low pH, which also destroy its protective properties. TF activity was sensitive to trypsin and was obtained in the elution fraction (alpha-methyl-D-mannoside) from affinity chromatography (concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B). Ultrafiltration indicated the molecular weight to be between 50,000 and 100,000. TF, apparently a glycoprotein, was quantitated for activity by a weight loss assay. A unit of activity was defined as the minimum quantity of TF (highest dilution) which produced at least a 10% average body weight loss in adult Nya:NYLAR female mice between days 7 and 12 post intraperitoneal injection. PMID- 6689001 TI - RIPS: a UNIX-based reference information program for scientists. AB - A set of programs is described which implement a personal reference management and information retrieval system on a UNIX-based minicomputer. The system operates in a multiuser configuration with a host of user-friendly utilities that assist entry of reference material, its retrieval, and formatted printing for associated tasks. A search command language was developed without restriction in keyword vocabulary, number of keywords, or level of parenthetical expression nesting. The system is readily transported, and by design is applicable to any academic specialty. PMID- 6689002 TI - Sexually transmissible diseases in Ireland. PMID- 6689003 TI - [Multiple lymphocytoma at the point of puncture as complication of acupuncture treatment. Traumatic origin of lymphocytoma]. AB - In general, side effects of acupuncture are rare and this also concerns dermatological diseases caused by acupuncture. Mostly, infectious diseases occur by inoculation of the infectious agents, especially cutaneous bacterial diseases as staphylococcal folliculitis and abscesses, favoured by insufficient sterilisation of the needles. A 34-year-old female patient is reported, who developed multiple lymphocytomata cutis over the ears in the course of an acupuncture. The tumors appeared at the insert sites of the needles and always followed the auricular acupuncture though taking place at different times. During the past the connection between different traumata and lymphocytoma cutis has been stressed several times and in the same way this case report underlines the etiological hetrogeneity of this peculiar inflammatory reaction type. PMID- 6689004 TI - Comments on note by Lal et al. PMID- 6689006 TI - Proceedings of the twenty-seventh annual AOA/NOF Research Conference, 1983: Part II. Abstracts. PMID- 6689005 TI - Metabolic variation among rat lumbosacral alpha-motoneurons. AB - Despite the wealth of literature concerned with muscle fiber biochemical, ultrastructural and physiological characteristics, little information is available regarding the metabolic enzyme activities of alpha-motoneurons. The present study examines the metabolism of alpha-motoneurons located in the lateral cell column of the rat lumbosacral enlargment with a quantitative histochemical technique. Variation in the activities of alpha-glucan phosphorylase, NADH diaphorase, succinic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase were detectable with the photographic densitometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique. No difference in the glycolytic enzyme activity (mitochondrial alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase) was observed. Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes demonstrated the existence of H type isoenzyme in alpha-motoneurons, consistent with other observations indicating predominance of aerobic metabolism within these neurons. The activities of the former enzymes in alpha-motoneurons formed a complete spectrum of activities, distributed unimodally. Smaller motoneurons exhibited the greatest NADH-D and acid phosphatase activities; phosphorylase activity was greatest in larger motoneurons. Significant variation in the enzyme activity of similar-sized motoneurons suggests that the metabolism of the motoneuron is regulated by factors other than cell size. Relationships between motoneuron metabolic enzyme activity and motor unit type are under current investigation. PMID- 6689007 TI - Surfactant release as an early measure of radiation pneumonitis. AB - The immediate release of surfactant into lung alveoli following irradiation has been studied as a potential indicator for the later development of radiation pneumonitis. Utilizing single dose radiation exposure to the whole thorax in male LAF1/J mice, steep dose response curves for lavaged alveolar surfactant were identified at 7 and 28 days after exposure. Seven days after irradiation there was no elevation with doses up to and including 12 Gy; above this dose a detectable increase occurred. At 28 days the surfactant recovered by lavage was elevated compared to the levels seen at day 7 for all doses; doses greater than 12 Gy produced surfactant values significantly greater than those found in mice treated with 12 Gy or less. The radiation pulmonary lethality dose response curve assessed four months later indicated an LD50 value of approximately 13 Gy. The early biochemical effect and the later radiation pneumonitis lethalities therefore closely coincided. The evidence strongly indicates that alveolar surfactant release uncovered hours to days after radiation exposure may be an early biochemical marker that predicts for subsequent pneumonitis radiation injury. PMID- 6689008 TI - Food deprivation and surfactant in adult rats. AB - We sought to determine if fasting (80% reduction of food intake for 72 h) diminishes airway or tissue disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) relative to alveolar surface area, or alters the lung response to overventilation. The lungs of fasted rats were lighter, but the size and recoil of saline-filled lungs, and the alveolar surface area of lungs fixed in glutaraldehyde, were the same in fed and fasted rats. In their airways fed rats had 0.32 +/- 0.01 microgram DSPC/cm2 of alveolar surface; fasted rats had 0.28 +/- 0.02 microgram DSPC/cm2 (P less than 0.05) (surface area determined at 20 cmH2O transpulmonary pressure). Fasted rats had 13% less tissue DSPC/cm2 alveolar surface than fed rats (P less than 0.01). After 1 h of mechanically produced overventilation the unequal amounts of airway, but not tissue, DSPC were eliminated and pulmonary compliance was similar in both groups. We conclude food reduction decreases the quantity of airway and tissue DSPC/cm2 of alveolar surface but does not increase lung recoil of spontaneously breathing rats (Gail, Massaro, and Massaro, J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 42: 88-92, 1977) or overventilated rats. PMID- 6689009 TI - Toxicity and efficacy of ivermectin in chelonians. AB - Five red-footed tortoises (Geochelone carbonaria) treated for intestinal nematode parasitism with a single IM injection of ivermectin (0.4 mg/kg) were found in a state of extreme paresis or flaccid paralysis. One tortoise recovered normal motor function over the next 7 to 10 days. The remaining tortoises died within 3 days of receiving the ivermectin. The only consistent postmortem finding was a marked fatty change in the liver. Studies in the red-footed tortoise showed that some paresis will occur with dosages as low as 0.05 mg/kg. At least 3 other species of chelonians were found to be susceptible to ivermectin toxicosis at similar dosages (0.1 mg/kg or less). The leopard tortoise (Geochelone pardalis) appeared to be the most susceptible of the species tested, consistently developing mild paresis with a dosage of 0.025 mg/kg. Death occurred with dosages as low as 0.3 mg/kg. A dosage of 0.05 mg/kg was found to be safe in red-footed tortoises, provided that treatment was not repeated at intervals of less than 7 days. Shedding of nematode larvae and eggs in the feces of parasitized red-footed tortoises was prevented with 2 to 6 weekly IM injections of ivermectin at a dosage of 0.05 mg/kg, but limited necropsy findings indicated that elimination of adult nematodes from the intestines was incomplete. PMID- 6689010 TI - Tuning characteristics of cochlear nucleus units in response to electrical stimulation of the cochlea. AB - The responses of single units in the ventral cochlear nucleus of acute anesthetized guinea pigs were studied with continuous sinusoidal electrical stimuli presented through a multi-electrode implant in the scala tympani. Implants had two or four electrodes along the axis of the scala with 1 mm separations. Best frequencies were consistently in the 100 Hz range (50-250 Hz) with thresholds of about 0.063 mA peak-to-peak. Tuning curves were usually symmetrical with slopes of 3-4 dB/octave, both below and above the best frequency. The relative sharpness of the tuning curves, as measured by Q10dB, averaged 0.2. Dynamic ranges as determined by the intensity-rate functions for the various frequencies were 2-15 dB. No significant difference was found between tuning characteristics of units in response to stimulation via the apical or basal pair of implant electrodes. The findings suggest some limitations on the applicability of independent stimulating channels in multi-electrode implants. PMID- 6689011 TI - In vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes by spermatozoa capacitated in vitro. AB - In vitro fertilization of ovulated bovine oocytes was attempted with fresh or frozen semen after capacitation in vitro. Sperm incubations and oocyte cultures were performed in a Krebs Ringer bicarbonate medium containing Na pyruvate, glucose and .3% bovine serum albumin. High ionic strength (HIS) medium was prepared by adding NaCl to provide an osmolarity of 370 to 380 nOsmol/kg. Donor cows were treated with prostaglandin F2 alpha and a series of follicle stimulating hormone injections and ovulated oocytes were recovered 72 h after prostaglandin treatment. Fresh or frozen semen was: 1) placed directly into a microdrop of standard medium (SM) under oil; 2) washed by centrifugation with SM and placed in a microdrop of SM or 3) pretreated with HIS for 10 min, washed and placed into a microdrop of SM. In all cases, spermatozoa were preincubated for 3 h at a concentration of approximately 10(6) cells/ml before addition of oocytes. Oocytes were incubated with spermatozoa for 6 h, transferred to fresh medium and cultured for 24 h. When spermatozoa were placed directly into a microdrop, three of 34 (9%) oocytes were penetrated, but none divided. Spermatozoa washed with SM penetrated 20 of 45 (44%) oocytes and three (7%) divided. Spermatozoa incubated in HIS penetrated 14 of 47 (30%) oocytes and five (11%) divided. The washing of spermatozoa with standard medium was equally as effective as incubation with high ionic strength medium in inducing in vitro capacitation of bovine spermatozoa. PMID- 6689012 TI - In vitro fertilization of ovulated and ovarian ovine oocytes. AB - In vitro fertilization of ovine ovulated and ovarian oocytes was attempted after capacitation of ejaculated spermatozoa by a variety of methods. All sperm incubations and oocyte cultures were performed in a modified Krebs Ringer bicarbonate (KRB) medium. High ionic strength (HIS) medium was prepared by adding NaCl to provide an osmolarity of approximately 370 mOsmol/kg. All oocytes were obtained from progestogen-synchronized and follicle-stimulating hormone-treated ewes. Ovulated oocytes were recovered 64 h after progestogen withdrawal. Ovarian oocytes were recovered 45 h after progestogen withdrawal. Oocytes were incubated with spermatozoa in microdrops for 6 h, transferred to fresh medium and cultured for 48 h. In the first series of experiments, capacitation was attempted by either preincubation in KRB, washing spermatozoa with KRB medium or treatment of spermatozoa with HIS medium. Spermatozoa washed with KRB penetrated three of 61 (5%) oocytes and spermatozoa incubated in HIS medium penetrated eight of 209 (4%) oocytes. In the second series of experiments, spermatozoa were capacitated by incubation with ovine cumulus cells or in the uterus of a rabbit. A 33% fertilization rate was observed with spermatozoa recovered from the rabbit uterus and a 28% rate with spermatozoa incubated with cumulus cells. Treatment with HIS medium previously shown to capacitate bovine and rabbit spermatozoa failed to capacitate ram spermatozoa; however, fertilization was observed after capacitation by cumulus cells or in the rabbit uterus. PMID- 6689013 TI - Novel method for estimation of chlorinated pesticide residues in milk. AB - A new, simple, and rapid procedure for determining chlorinated pesticide residues in milk is described. The entire acetonitrile extract from milk is passed through a 0.5 g activated charcoal chromatographic column. Chlorinated pesticides adsorbed on the charcoal are eluted with 100 mL acetone-hexane (1 + 1). The eluate is washed with water and 1% sodium carbonate solution, and chlorinated pesticides are extracted with hexane. The extract is concentrated and measured by electron capture gas chromatography. Recoveries from 50 mL milk samples fortified with 0.04-1.6 micrograms of different BHC isomers, 0.05-2 micrograms DDT and its metabolites, and 0.05-0.5 micrograms dieldrin ranged from 86.9 to 103.2%. PMID- 6689014 TI - Determination of coumaphos and its oxygen analog in eggs and milk by using a multiresidue method with liquid chromatographic quantitation and capillary gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric confirmation. AB - A multiresidue method for carbamate insecticides was adapted for the determination of coumaphos and its oxygen analog in eggs and milk. Eggs were extracted with acetonitrile and milk was extracted with acetone. Co-extractives were removed using liquid partitioning and charcoal column procedures described in the carbamate method. Coumaphos and its oxygen analog were determined by using a high performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a fluorescence detector. Recovery studies were performed for the 2 compounds at levels of 0.01 and 0.10 ppm in eggs and 0.01 and 0.02 ppm in milk. Overall average recovery was 100% (range 95-109%). In a trial of the method by another laboratory, the recovery of coumaphos and its oxygen analog from milk averaged 87 and 96%, respectively. Data are presented on the capillary gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric confirmation of coumaphos residues. PMID- 6689015 TI - Rapid direct determination of lead in evaporated milk by anodic stripping voltammetry without sample pretreatment. AB - The method presented describes the direct determination of lead in evaporated milk in which the milk ashing step prior to analysis is eliminated. Digital instrument readout units are microgram Pb/mL milk. Total analysis time after instrument calibration is less than 3 min per sample. Range of the method is 0.05 1.0 ppm lead in milk, and precision of the method expressed by relative standard deviation of duplicate pairs ranged from 30% at 0.1 micrograms/mL to 3% at 1.0 micrograms/mL of lead in milk. The method compares favorably with the AOAC official first action anodic stripping voltammetric method (25.074). In addition, the method appears to work equally well for skim evaporated milk, sweetened condensed milk, and nonfat powdered dry milk when the latter two are reconstituted with water according to product label instructions. Recovery and interference studies are presented. PMID- 6689016 TI - Direct determination of lead in evaporated milk and apple juice by anodic stripping voltammetry: collaborative study. AB - A method for the direct determination of lead in evaporated milk and in fruit juice with no prior sample digestion was successfully collaborated by 13 laboratories. The anodic stripping voltammetric (ASV) method studied consisted of adding 0.2 mL aliquots of evaporated milk or 0.3 mL aliquots of fruit juice to 2.9 mL of a dechelating reagent, Metexchange. The reagent-sample mixture is then analyzed for lead by ASV with no further sample preparation. Each collaborator received 24 samples, 2 each at 5 different levels (0.07-0.70 ppm for spiked evaporated milk and 0.09-0.87 ppm for spiked apple juice) along with duplicate practice samples of labeled lead content at each of 2 levels for each sample type. All unknowns were coded with random numbers. Approximately 69% of the reporting laboratories had never analyzed either evaporated milk or fruit juice for lead. Average time between receipt of samples and reporting of results was 1.6 days for all laboratories. The pooled variations between duplicate determinations for apple juice and evaporated milk were 0.00059 and 0.00043, respectively. The method was adopted official first action for both fruit juice and evaporated milk. PMID- 6689017 TI - Survey of baby bottle rubber nipples for volatile N-nitrosamines. AB - A local market survey of 27 baby bottle rubber nipples for volatile N nitrosamines was conducted. N-Nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N nitrosodibutylamine, and N-nitrosopiperidine were found at levels up to 387 ppb. All 4 nitrosamines migrated from the rubber nipples into water, milk, and infant formula when sterilized together in a manner typical of that used in the home. The source of the nitrosamines is the chemical accelerators and stabilizers added to raw rubber during the vulcanization process. PMID- 6689018 TI - Determination of lactose in milk: comparison of methods. AB - A new enzymatic method based on the spectrophotometric measurement of reduced NAD+ (beta-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide) at 340 nm has been evaluated by comparing it with the AOAC copper reduction method. Ten samples of milk containing various levels of lactose were analyzed in duplicate by the enzymatic method, and 5 samples were analyzed by the copper reduction method. Statistical analysis using a factorial design revealed no statistical significance between results obtained by the 2 methods; recoveries were comparable, 97% or greater for all except one sample. There was no relationship between amount of lactose added and percent recovered. PMID- 6689019 TI - Vasopressin and oxytocin mRNA regulation in the rat assessed by hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides. AB - Vasopressin and oxytocin are nonapeptide hormones that regulate water metabolism and lactation, respectively. To study the regulation of the vasopressin and oxytocin genes at the mRNA level, we constructed a series of synthetic oligonucleotides, from 8 to 15 bases in length, for use in filter-blot hybridization assays (Northern blots) of hypothalamic mRNA levels and for primed synthesis of cDNAs from which we determined the nucleotide sequences of the 5' regions of the vasopressin and oxytocin mRNAs. A 20-fold increase occurred in the amounts of the two mRNAs present in the hypothalami of rats drinking 2% saline for three weeks. In addition, the sequence analyses of the cDNAs provided the complete amino acid sequences of the NH2-terminal signal peptides of the rat vasopressin and oxytocin precursors. Thus, synthetic oligonucleotides consisting of as few as eight nucleotides can be used to prime reverse transcription of specific cDNAs from hypothalamic RNA, and pentadecanucleotide hybridization probes readily detect changes in levels of vasopressin and oxytocin mRNAs in response to osmotic stress. PMID- 6689020 TI - The mRNAs for the pro-alpha 1(I) and pro-alpha 2(I) chains of type I procollagen are translated at the same rate in normal human fibroblasts and in fibroblasts from two variants of osteogenesis imperfecta with altered steady state ratios of the two mRNAs. AB - Homologous DNA fragments were prepared from cloned cDNAs for the pro-alpha 1(I) and pro-alpha 2(I) chains of human type I procollagen. The DNA fragments were then used to develop a dot blot hybridization assay for mRNAs for pro-alpha 1(I) and pro-alpha 2(I) chains in skin fibroblasts. In normal fibroblasts, the ratio of the steady state levels of the two mRNAs was 1.94 +/- 0.34 S.D. The ratio for the rates of synthesis of the two pro-alpha chains in the same cells was 1.84 +/- 0.13 S.D. Since the two ratios were essentially the same, the results indicated that the mRNAs for the two chains are translated at about the same rates. Therefore, there is no need to invoke translational control or more complex mechanisms to explain synthesis of pro-alpha 1(I) and pro-alpha 2(I) chains in a stoichiometry of 2:1. The dot blot hybridization assay was also used to examine the levels of the mRNAs in fibroblasts from several variants of osteogenesis imperfecta. In two of the variants, the ratios of the steady state levels of mRNAs for pro-alpha 1(I) and pro-alpha 2(I) chains were 3.05 and 2.52, respectively. In the same fibroblasts, the ratios for the rates of synthesis of the two chains were 2.99 +/- 0.43 and 2.45 +/- 0.16, respectively. Therefore, even though the ratios of the levels of the two mRNAs in the fibroblasts were abnormal, the two mRNAs were still translated at the same rates, and there was no evidence of differential regulation at the translational level. PMID- 6689021 TI - Molecular cloning of cDNA for rat L-type pyruvate kinase and aldolase B. AB - Two double-stranded cDNA recombinant pBR322 plasmid libraries were constructed starting from high carbohydrate diet rat liver poly(A)+ mRNA, either fractionated by denaturing sucrose gradient centrifugation for the cloning of L-type pyruvate kinase cDNA, or nonfractionated for aldolase B. Both libraries were screened with single-stranded cDNA probes reverse transcribed from fasted or high carbohydrate diet rat liver mRNAs. mRNAs from fasted animals were also fractionated by sucrose gradient centrifugation and mRNAs from the fed animals were, in addition, further purified by high performance liquid gel filtration chromatography. Those clones hybridizing with the "positive" probe (from animals fed the high carbohydrate diet) and not with the "negative" one (from fasted animals) were preselected and their plasmid DNA was purified and analyzed by positive hybridization-selection. Thirty of 4500 bacteria colonies transformed by recombinant plasmids were preselected by differential screening for pyruvate kinase, and 8 of 864 colonies for aldolase B. Twenty-two recombinant plasmids for pyruvate kinase and two for aldolase B were shown to contain specific cDNA inserts by positive hybridization selection. Plasmids DNAs of some pyruvate kinase and aldolase B clones (whose inserts ranged from 700 to 1050 bases in length) were labeled by nick translation and used as probes for Northern blot hybridization. The pyruvate kinase cDNA probes recognized mainly a 3400-base RNA species which was detected in high carbohydrate diet rat liver, but not in fasted rat liver and in tissues which do not synthesize L-type pyruvate kinase. In addition, some pyruvate kinase probes hybridized with minor RNA species of about 2000 bases in length, only observed after carbohydrate diet. For aldolase B, the recombinant plasmid DNA hybridized with a single RNA species of 1750 bases. This RNA, detected in kidney, small intestine and liver, was induced by a high carbohydrate diet and increased with liver development. The rat probe cross-hybridized with human aldolase B messenger RNA. PMID- 6689023 TI - Asthma self-management: perspective from the National Institute of Asthma and Infectious Diseases. PMID- 6689022 TI - Phylogenetic conservation of a class III major histocompatibility complex antigen, factor B. Isolation and nucleotide sequencing of mouse factor B cDNA clones. AB - The complement protein factor B is a novel serine protease which is encoded within the major histocompatibility complex in man, guinea pig, and mouse. To determine the structure of mouse factor B, cDNA clones were isolated from mouse strains of two different major histocompatibility complex haplotypes, H-2k and H 2d, and clones of 0.9 and 1.5 kilobases, respectively, were sequenced. The H-2d clone includes the H-2k clone sequence and spans 94% of the Bb-coding sequence. No differences in sequence or in restriction enzyme sites were observed between the H-2k and H-2d clones. The H-2d clone displays 83% nucleotide homology and 83% (derived) amino acid homology with that of human factor B; there are no insertions or deletions. Comparison of the mouse and human factor B sequence reveals extensive regional homology at the catalytic residues and in the NH2 terminal portion of the Bb fragment. PMID- 6689024 TI - Asthma self-management: perspective from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. PMID- 6689025 TI - The measurement of antithyroglobulin autoantibodies in the presence of thyroglobulin. AB - An homogeneous phase radioassay (HRA) for antithyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) in serum was investigated. In this method TgAb is allowed to react with 125I-Tg in solution and the immune complexes formed are separated by precipitation with sheep anti-human gammaglobulin. HRA proved to be suitable for the screening of sera prior to thyroglobulin (Tg) radioimmunoassay; being both sensitive, and unaffected by high endogenous levels of Tg. HRA was more sensitive than either of two commercial TgAb kits; a hemagglutination assay (Wellcome Australia Ltd.) and a solid phase radioassay (CIS France). Positive responses were obtained with 4 out of 42 normal subjects (titers up to 1/10), 24 out of 31 with untreated Graves' disease (titers up to 1/10,000) and all out of 18 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (titers up to 1/10,000). Binding of 125I-Tg was displaceable with added unlabelled Tg, but in no case could it be abolished with less than 1,000 micrograms/l. Some sera exhibited more than one class of binding site and variation in both affinity and capacity for Tg was observed. It was concluded that the use of an assay standard for the reporting of results in units of concentration is invalid, although units of TgAb activity may be used as long as the analytical method is specified. Serum levels of TgAb may also be reported in semi-quantitative terms, such as in this report where a binding titer is used, or alternatively, antigen binding capacity may be reported. PMID- 6689026 TI - Extranodal lymphomas in North India. PMID- 6689027 TI - Bacteroides aortitis and aneurysm formation following arteriography. AB - Aortitis, aneurysm formation and rupture following translumbar aortography in a middle-aged man is described. The infecting organism was found to be the anaerobe bacteroides, a hitherto undocumented pathogen in this condition. PMID- 6689028 TI - Developments and implementations of microcomputer MUMPS systems. AB - The accelerating pace of improvement and innovation in today's microprocessors offers a real challenge to the software industry. MUMPS, a language well suited to take advantage of this technology, has already been introduced on 8-bit microcomputers, and 16-bit versions are under development. The long-term results of the availability of MUMPS on new generations of microprocessors will have an impact on the visibility of the language, its evolution, and its use on existing minicomputers. These implications are discussed in depth in this paper. PMID- 6689030 TI - The computer for practice management: Part 2. Software, hardware, and aftermarket services. PMID- 6689029 TI - Effect of calcitonin in pregnant rats on bone resorption in fetuses. AB - Fetal bone resorption was measured by an organ culture technique using fetuses from intact or thyroparathyroidectomized pregnant rats. These experiments were performed to investigate the effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-DHCC) and salmon calcitonin (SCT) in pregnant rats, on both fetal growth and fetal bone resorption. Pregnant rats were given 0.1-0.5 microgram 1,25-DHCC per day from day 17 of gestation: in intact rats bone resorption was increased and fetal growth decreased; 1,25-DHCC probably modified fetal bone resorption in the absence of fetal parathyroid secretion. Infusion of SCT in minipumps (30 mu./h) did not modify plasma calcium levels in either the mother or fetuses, neither was bone resorption altered. In 1,25-DHCC-treated rats, SCT infusion resulted in an increase in fetal weight and a decrease in fetal bone resorption. On the other hand, SCT infusion was found to facilitate phosphate accumulation in fetuses. At the end of the SCT infusion the SCT concentration was 450 ng/l in maternal plasma and 553 +/- 60 ng/l in fetal plasma. Salmon calcitonin was shown to cross the placental barrier in the rats; it may interact with the effects of 1,25-DHCC in the fetus. PMID- 6689031 TI - A nonlinear least squares program based on differential equations, MULTI (RUNGE), for microcomputers. AB - A nonlinear least squares program based on first-order simultaneous differential equations, MULTI (RUNGE), for personal computers was developed. Four algorithms, i.e. the classical Gauss-Newton method, the damping Gauss-Newton method, the modified Marquardt method and the simplex method can be used for the nonlinear curve fitting in MULTI (RUNGE). The differential equations and the initial conditions which are voluntarily defined by the user are numerically solved by the Runge-Kutta-Gill method and the numerically integrated solutions are fitted to the observed data points by the iterative least squares algorithms. MULTI (RUNGE) can be executed on many personal computers without any modification, because this program is written in the Microsoft minimum BASIC commands alone. The dimensions of differential equations, the number of parameters to evaluate and the number of experimental data points are restricted only by the available memory in computers and by the computing time. PMID- 6689032 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases: treatment guidelines: 1982. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. AB - These guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) were established after careful deliberation by a group of experts and staff of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Commentary received after dissemination of preliminary documents to a large group of physicians was also considered. Certain aspects of these guidelines represent the best judgment of experts. The guidelines should not be construed as rules, but rather as a source of guidance within the United States. This is particularly true for topics that are controversial or based on limited data. PMID- 6689034 TI - Osteopaths using the title MD. PMID- 6689033 TI - The B multigene family of chorion proteins in saturniid silkmoths. AB - The main features of the B family of chorion proteins in saturniid moths were examined by partial sequencing of representative B proteins, seven from Antheraea polyphemus and two from A. pernyi. Comparisons were made to sequences derived from seven recombinant DNA clones representing three types of B family proteins of A. polyphemus. The central regions of the sequences are conservative, both within and between moth species, and differ largely by a few amino acid replacements, rather than deletions or insertions. By contrast, the amino terminal third varies more substantially, in a manner which defines two protein subfamilies: within each subfamily sequences are similar, but the subfamilies differ by at least two multiresidue deletions as well as by amino acid replacements. These properties are analogous to features of the A family of chorion proteins. PMID- 6689035 TI - Sites of analgesic action of ciramadol. PMID- 6689037 TI - Evolution of technology brings computers to the bedside. PMID- 6689036 TI - [Myocardial infarct in a patient with Hodgkin's disease treated with cyclic polychemotherapy]. PMID- 6689040 TI - [Visceral manifestations in toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome)]. PMID- 6689039 TI - [An evaluation method for tonograms]. AB - Computer programs can be used to evaluate tonograms and assess the findings. Using the computer language BASIC such programs can be varied and used in many desk-top calculators and word processors. Pressures recorded at different times during tonography are required as input data. PMID- 6689038 TI - Bone resorption stimulated by elevated serum 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D concentrations in healthy men. AB - We evaluated whether calcitriol administration to healthy men stimulates bone resorption. We compared serum 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations, Ca and PO4 balances, and urinary hydroxyproline excretion rates in four healthy men adapted to a low Ca diet providing only 4.0 +/- 0.2 SD mmoles Ca/day to those in four healthy men eating a comparable diet (4.2 +/- 0.9 mmoles Ca/day) during the chronic oral administration of calcitriol, 0.75 micrograms every 6 hr. Serum 1,25-(OH)2-D levels averaged 94 +/- 16 pM during the control studies and 209 +/- 35 pM during calcitriol administration. Net intestinal Ca absorption averaged 0.5 +/- 0.3 mmoles/day during control and 1.8 +/- 0.5 mmoles/day during calcitriol (P less than 0.005), but urinary Ca excretion averaged 8.7 +/- 2.0 mmoles/day during calcitriol as compared to 2.9 +/- 1.4 mmoles/day during control (P less than 0.005). Thus, mean Ca balance, which averaged -2.4 +/- 1.2 mmoles/day during control, was more negative during calcitriol at -6.3 +/- 2.4 mmoles/day (P less than 0.05). Average daily PO4 balances averaged +7.7 +/- 1.5 mmoles/day during control but only tended to be negative during calcitriol at -1.1 +/- 5.4 mmoles/day, (NS). Urinary hydroxyproline excretion averaged 0.26 +/- 0.03 mmoles/day during control and 0.49 +/- 0.06 during calcitriol (P less than 0.001). We conclude that elevated serum 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations in healthy men eating low Ca diets stimulate bone resorption. PMID- 6689041 TI - A microcomputer system for measuring neuron properties from digitized images. AB - A microcomputer system has been developed for the quantitative analysis of neurons, synapses, and other biological profiles. The outlines of profiles are traced from micrographs using a digitizer. From these traces, the system calculates cross-sectional area, perimeter (length), average diameter, and form factor. Data values for the number of profile contacts, the number of elements within a profile, the number of elements associated with a profile, profile type, and profile depth are also entered. The program calculates contact and element densities from these values. The data are printed-out on a thermal printer and stored on magnetic tape or floppy disk. The software is written entirely in BASIC. The system uses commercially available hardware, including a Hewlett Packard 9845T microcomputer and H-P 9874A digitizer. The programs can be adapted to a wide variety of other microcomputer systems. PMID- 6689043 TI - [Cryoglobulinemia as the initial manifestation of an immunoblastic lymphoma]. PMID- 6689042 TI - The perfused rat lung as a model for studies on the formation of surfactant and the effect of Ambroxol on this process. PMID- 6689044 TI - The development of the software environment and data base concept in the Medical System Hannover. Decisions, plans and the gap between ideal and reality. AB - A long range development- and research-project like the MSH undergoes many changes and conversions. The experience with the last ten years of software development and application in the MSH showed the following trends: The emphasis shifted from optimal usage of the hardware resources towards saving of manpower. Efforts have therefore been made to standardize and generalize software as far as possible. The question of integrated versus dedicated systems remains an important and interesting area of research. New developments in software and hardware make it necessary to rethink yesterday's solutions and to adopt the application-concepts to the changing environment. This is a reactive process, but it offers the chance to develop, implement and evaluate new ideas and concepts. New decisions might become necessary in the near future in our (hospital) environment depending on software developments. PMID- 6689045 TI - An archive system for primary health care based on simple micros. PMID- 6689046 TI - Self-configuring software for the CP/M operating system. PMID- 6689047 TI - [The thyroid and autoimmunity]. PMID- 6689048 TI - [Agreement of automatically and manually determined parameters of the electronystagmogram]. AB - Prerequisite for clinical use of programs for automatic analysis of nystagmus is a similar accuracy in determining parameters of electronystagmograms in comparison with manual evaluation. For examination of accuracy and reliability of our program NYSLYS, we compared maximal values of the slow phase velocity (SPV) and the number of beats in 10 s of responses from thermal tests, with 100 patients with equilibrium disturbances. The average difference between the automatically and manually evaluated values for SPV and the number of beats in 10 s is in the range of +/- 15%. Correlation coefficients are 0.97 for SPV and 0.95 for the number of beats in 10 s. Similar correlation coefficients are obtained for the ratio of responses after left and right ear stimulation. These results show that our automatic analysis can replace tedious manual evaluation in most cases. In addition the temporal course of SPV is obtained as a good aid in the judgement of nystagmus. Automatic analysis, however, cannot fully replace the ability to examine electronystagmograms. Especially if curves are disturbed by many artifacts or in cases with very irregular reactions the original electronystagmogram must be considered, too. PMID- 6689049 TI - [Imitative model of the operation of medical institutions and its use in the modeling of an ambulatory cardiologic service]. AB - Software for an imitative simulator is developed to study and optimize medical institutions' structure. Imitative simulation makes it possible to study operation of institutions with various configurations and to select the best structural alternative, as well as to optimize available systems or their discrete links. The software is built on the control sequence method. It is applied to simulate operation of a cardiologic dispensary. PMID- 6689050 TI - Circumcision and sexually transmissible disease. AB - The relationship between circumcision and sexually transmissible disease was studied in 1350 men who attended the Public Health Department Special Treatment Clinic in Perth, Western Australia. Evidence of circumcision was obtained by examination. More than 98% of the men studied gave a verbal report of their circumcision status which was consistent with the examination findings. Eight hundred and forty-eight men had STD; 471 men, who presented to the clinic for diagnosis and treatment but who were found not to have STD, constituted the control group. The results of the study show significant associations between the state of being uncircumcised and four major sexually transmissible diseases- herpes genitalis, candidiasis, gonorrhoea and syphilis. Estimates of the relative risk suggest that uncircumcised men are twice as likely as circumcised men to develop herpes genitalis or gonorrhoea, and five times as likely to develop candidiasis or syphilis. However, the data for syphilis should be interpreted with caution because of the small number of cases. No significant increase in risk was found for any of the other sexually transmissible diseases diagnosed at the clinic. PMID- 6689051 TI - An efficient computer algorithm for interactive calculation of scintillation crystal response to gamma rays. AB - Quantitative tests of random sampling versus Monte Carlo algorithms in calculation of scintillation crystal response to gamma rays show that considerable improvement in computational efficiency can be realized by using Monte Carlo methods. PMID- 6689052 TI - Geometric reconstruction of seed implants using a three-film technique. AB - A computer program has been written to reconstruct the three-dimensional distribution of radioactive seed implants. The technique requires the use of three rotated films with random input of the seeds. This algorithm differs from previous ones in the constraints that are applied, since no correlation is made between distances on the three films from the plane of rotation through the isocenter nor is there a correlation between the distances from the axis of rotation. Instead, projections from the x-ray source to the seed images on each of the three films are compared to see which combinations of seeds intersect at a point and therefore correspond to real seeds. This program has been written in Fortran IV for the PDP VAX 11/780 and 11/34 computers. Changes have been made to the TP11 program "QSEED" on the PDP 11/34 to accommodate the coordinate data from this program to produce the requisite isodose curves. PMID- 6689053 TI - Muscle pyruvate oxidation following denervation and reinnervation. AB - Muscle pyruvate metabolism was studied in rats following sciatic nerve crush. Control studies showed high pyruvate dehydrogenase and lipoamide dehydrogenase enzyme activity in muscle with type 1 fiber predominance (soleus) and low activities in muscle with type 2 fiber predominance (extensor digitorum longus), whereas lactate dehydrogenase was much higher in the latter. Following denervation, both muscles showed a significant reduction in pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme activity. During reinnervation, muscle with type 2 predominance developed significantly elevated pyruvate oxidation enzyme activities. PMID- 6689054 TI - Phorbol ester-induced activation of human platelets is associated with protein kinase C phosphorylation of myosin light chains. AB - Phosphorylation of the 20,000 molecular weight (MW) light chain of platelet myosin is associated with the activation of platelets and subsequent release of platelet granules, and the protein kinase catalysing this phosphorylation has been identified as the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent enzyme, myosin light chain kinase. Tumour-promoting phorbol esters such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA), which activate Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C), can also cause platelet aggregation and phosphorylation of a 20,000-MW peptide in blood platelets. It was therefore of interest to ascertain whether the 20,000-MW peptide phosphorylated in platelets was the light chain of myosin and whether TPA-induced phosphorylation of the 20,000-MW peptide could be differentiated from thrombin-induced phosphorylation. We now report that TPA-induced activation of platelets is associated with the phosphorylation of the 20,000-MW light chain of myosin, that it appears to be mediated mainly through protein kinase C and that the site phosphorylated in the myosin light chain is distinct from that phosphorylated by myosin light chain kinase. PMID- 6689055 TI - Regulation of myc gene expression in HL-60 leukaemia cells by a vitamin D metabolite. AB - HL-60, a cell line established from a patient with promyelocytic leukaemia, responds to a variety of inducing agents by ceasing division and acquiring some of the characteristics of either granulocytes or monocytes. Among the agents so far tested, only a comparative few occur naturally in vertebrates and would appear to have significant clinical potential in the treatment of leukaemic patients. One of the most promising of these is the dihydroxymetabolite of vitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2D3. This compound circulates in normal man and has a major role in calcium homeostasis. Moreover, it has recently been reported that 1,25(OH)2D3 increases the survival time of mice injected with myeloid leukaemia cells. We and McCarthy et al. have previously shown that HL-60 cells respond to near physiological levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 by rapidly acquiring a number of monocyte-like features. Here we document that these phenotypic changes are preceded by a marked decrement in the expression of the c-myc oncogene. In fact, the diminution in the level of c-myc mRNA parallels the dose dependency and metabolite specificity shown by the various other indicators of phenotypic change. In addition, we demonstrate that removal of vitamin D3, after the onset of maturational change, results in the reappearance of elevated myc mRNA levels. We believe this to be the first demonstration of a sequential relationship between the application of an exogenous inducing agent, a reduction in myc mRNA levels and the development of characteristics associated with normal cell maturation. PMID- 6689056 TI - Alternative RNA splicing in expression of the H-2K gene. AB - A major role of the classical transplantation antigens (designated class I antigens) is the presentation of virus-infected cells to cytotoxic T cells, a process that leads to the destruction of the cell displaying the viral antigen. Consistent with this function is the finding that these transplantation antigens (encoded by the H-2K, H-2D and H-2L genes in mice) are cell-surface glycoproteins with their amino-termini protruding extracellularly and their carboxy-termini located inside the cell. While the external domain is expected to provide biological specificity required for the associative presentation of viral antigens, the role of the cytoplasmic domain remains obscure. The recent observation that this latter region of the molecule is encoded by three separate DNA exons has suggested a complex role for this portion of the polypeptide chain. We have now obtained evidence for the use of alternative acceptor splice sites in the H-2K gene, resulting in two RNA transcripts that would encode H-2K antigens differing in their carboxy-termini. This is the first demonstration of the use of alternative splice acceptor sites in the same class I gene, and indicates the existence of different functional subsets of antigens encoded by the same gene. PMID- 6689057 TI - Changes in nociception after intrathecal administration of 5,6 dihydroxytryptamine in mice. AB - Intrathecal administration of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) (5 micrograms) to mice selectively lesioned descending serotonergic pathways, reducing spinal levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) by 80%, without significantly changing the levels of noradrenaline. Increased sensitivity to noxious stimulation, as measured by the tail-flick and hot-plate tests, was observed 2 days after injection of 5,6-DHT. The tail-flick latencies returned to normal on day 6, but were again reduced by administration of the 5-HT receptor blocker metergoline, suggesting that the normalization process involved compensatory mechanisms in the remaining 5-HT system. In the hot-plate test, the latencies both to shaking or kicking of a hindpaw (kick) and to hindpaw lick were recorded, but the time course for the changes of these two responses was found to be different. The latencies to hindpaw lick were normalized within 2 weeks, whereas the hindpaw kick latencies remained reduced throughout the 21 day observation period. PMID- 6689058 TI - Effects of DSIP in man. Multifunctional psychophysiological properties besides induction of natural sleep. AB - Animal experiments confirmed the neuropeptide nature of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) and a species-specific sleep promotion. Five different human studies were carried out with single and repeated intravenous injections of DSIP under double-blind conditions, and with assessing treatment effects by psychophysiological tests and polygraphic recordings. Compatibility of DSIP was good. Slow injection proved essential. A latency of sleep induction of 1 h, but a duration of up to 20 h was found. The somnogenic properties, initially proven in animal studies, were confirmed. Indications of specific effects on chronobiological regulations were found. A complete normalization of disturbed sleep was achieved by four consecutive injections to insomniacs. During the active awake state, DSIP induced higher alertness and better performance. Psychological tests and evaluation by psychotherapists indicated modulation of ego functions by DSIP in the direction of improved stress tolerance and coping ability. The various actions of DSIP might be conceptualized neurophysiologically on the level of 'programming' behavior by means of changing 'local vigilances'. Whereas the somnogenic actions of DSIP appear promising for treating insomnia, other therapeutic perspectives in the field of psychiatry have to be explored. PMID- 6689059 TI - N-[acetyl-3H] wheat germ agglutinin: anatomical and biochemical studies of a sensitive bidirectionally transported axonal tracer. AB - Both retrograde and anterograde autoradiographic axonal labeling were associated with the appropriate pathways after injections of N-[acetyl-3H] wheat germ agglutinin within numerous structures in the central nervous system of mice. Sections processed for light microscopic autoradiography following the placement of injections mainly within the neocortex, neostriatum, or cerebellum have revealed patterns of bidirectional axonal labeling in various thalamic, monoaminergic, deep cerebellar and precerebellar nuclei that were similar to that seen after similarly placed horseradish peroxidase injections. Small injections of N-[acetyl-3H] wheat germ agglutinin, by way of an extremely limited extracellular spread of the tracer, yield large amounts of autoradiographic retrograde and anterograde axonal labeling. High specific activities, in addition to the sensitivity displayed by this tracer, allow the use of relatively short autoradiographic exposure times that still lead to an extensive signal over labeled neurons. Biochemical analysis of this radiolabeled derivative of wheat germ agglutinin was carried out using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results from Coomassie blue staining and fluorography of the gels have revealed that affinity-purified N-[acetyl-3H] wheat germ agglutinin migrates predominantly as a monomer (molecular weight 18,000 +/- 1000 daltons) as well as a dimer (35,100 +/- 1000 daltons) when compared with native wheat germ agglutinin and molecular weight standards. Gels run on the native preparation, prior to derivatization, radiolabeling and affinity purification, in addition to containing species that co-migrate with the monomeric and dimeric forms of the tagged lectin, also reveal several other bands with molecular weights above and below those values for the monomer and dimer. When scintillation counting was performed on fresh gels of N-[acetyl-3H] wheat germ agglutinin, the predominant species was again found to be the monomeric and dimeric forms; however, small peaks were also present around 12,000 daltons as well as above 43,000 daltons. Coomassie blue staining and fluorography never revealed banding below 18,000 daltons, though some trace of labeling was present, but not in the form of discrete bands, above 36,000 daltons. The presence, albeit small in comparison to the monomer and dimer, of these other higher and lower molecular weight species might in part result from fragments produced by proteolytic digestion of intact subunits of N-[acetyl-3H] wheat germ agglutinin that may or may not possess intact binding sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6689061 TI - David Jackson, MD. Maintaining a dialogue. Interview by Carol Wright Mullinax. PMID- 6689060 TI - [Bone scintigraphy in mastectomized patients with and without chemotherapy]. AB - Follow'ups were conducted on 130 mastectomized patients, periodically subjected to bone scintigraphy in addition to conventional tests. 89 of the patients had received chemotherapy and 41 had not. The results obtained show the value of scintigraphy for both accurate staging and follow-up in such patients. PMID- 6689062 TI - Nd: YAG laser photodisruptors. PMID- 6689064 TI - [Synchronous primary lymphosarcoma and multifocal intramucosal carcinoma in a gastrectomy specimen]. PMID- 6689065 TI - Retinal disorders of childhood. AB - Included in this discussion of retinal disorders affecting infants and children are retrolental fibroplasia, diabetic retinopathy, sickle cell retinopathy, retinal detachment, retinal hemorrhages of neonates, macular disease, colobomas, ocular toxocariasis, and TORCH syndrome. PMID- 6689063 TI - Orbital tissue differentiation with standardized echography. AB - The standardized A-scan (Kretztechnik 7200 MA) supplemented by contact B-scan and Doppler ultrasound is a time-tested, highly reliable, and noninvasive tool for the evaluation of patients presenting with signs or symptoms suggesting an orbital lesion. Diseases of the orbital adipose tissue, extraocular muscles, optic nerves and periorbital sinuses are detectable within minutes by the experienced examiner. More than 60 types of orbital lesions can then be differentiated, localized, measured, and schematized. While the value of orbital CT scanning has been widely accepted, standardized echography is now also being recognized as an important modality in the diagnosis and management of orbital and periorbital disease. The use of standardized echography results in more frequent and more accurate tissue differentiation, specifically: (1) standardized tumor patterns closely correlate with histologic diagnoses, (2) vascular flow detection and compression testing (hard or soft), (3) detection and diagnosis of optic nerve sheath distention due to increased subarachnoid fluid (eg, benign intracranial hypertension), and (4) greater sensitivity in detecting mild extraocular muscle thickening (eg, Graves' disease). Additional advantages are the noninvasive nature of the procedure (no radiation) and portability of the equipment. PMID- 6689066 TI - Pharmacokinetics of propylthiouracil in children and adolescents with Graves disease after a single oral dose. AB - Pharmacokinetics of propylthiouracil after a single oral dose were studied in six pediatric patients with Graves disease, with respect to influence of food intake. Propylthiouracil administration in the fasting state induced a rapid rise of plasma level reaching a peak of 30 to 60 min. Peak values ranged from 7.2 to 18 micrograms/ml with administered dose (100 to 280 mg/m2 BSA) and plasma half-life was 1.3 +/- 0.41 hr (mean +/- SD). Single compartment model with first order absorption showed excellent fit to the data obtained in the fasting state, but not in the fed state. Most individuals showed marked difference in the pattern of propylthiouracil concentration-time curves between the fasting and the fed state. Food intake prior to the drug ingestion was associated with lower and delayed peak and variable AUC values. These results indicate that propylthiouracil administration in the fasting state is more advisable for obtaining a consistent bioavailability. PMID- 6689067 TI - Isolation and characterisation of cDNA clones for the A alpha- and gamma-chains of human fibrinogen. AB - cDNA clones coding for the A alpha- and gamma-chains of human fibrinogen have been isolated from an adult liver cDNA library. Clones were identified by hybridisation with mixtures of synthetic oligonucleotides 17 bases long, predicted using amino acid sequence data for each chain. The cDNA insert sizes are 1,950bp for A alpha-fibrinogen and 950bp for gamma-fibrinogen. The clones do not show any cross-hybridisation. Each cDNA hybridises to a unique sequence in the human genome. In adult human liver, Northern blots give an estimated messenger RNA size of 2.6kb for A alpha-fibrinogen and 1.8kb for gamma fibrinogen. PMID- 6689068 TI - Identification and isolation of transcribed human X chromosome DNA sequences. AB - A human X chromosome specific phage library has been used as a source of X specific genomic DNA clones which hybridize with cellular RNA. Random cDNA clones were mapped for X chromosome sequence localization and 8 were identified as hybridizing to X chromosome Hind III fragments. All eight also hybridized with autosomal Hind III fragments. The X chromosome genomic sequences corresponding to two of these cDNA clones were isolated from a phage library constructed with the Hind III endonuclease digest products of X enriched DNA. One genomic DNA segment, localized to the short area of the X, shared sequence homology with at least one region of the human Y chromosome. The methodology developed represents a rapid means to obtain a specific genomic DNA clone from a single chromosome when multiple different genomic loci homologous to an expressed DNA sequence exist. PMID- 6689069 TI - [Sudden infant death syndrome in Italy. A multidisciplinary approach]. AB - A Center for the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome has been established in 1981. Active research involves clinical prospective studies and basic research, mostly aimed at testing our cardiac theory for SIDS. The bereaved families enter in a follow-up program with specific psychological support. At risk babies are evaluated for cardio-respiratory abnormalities and repeatedly controlled. Parents of victims are in the process of forming a group with the objective to support and inform the families of new victims. This is the first attempt to approach systematically the SIDS problem in Italy. PMID- 6689070 TI - [The lung as an organ of lipid metabolism]. PMID- 6689071 TI - Incorporation of palmitate into pulmonary surfactant under influence of Ambroxol. PMID- 6689072 TI - [Phospholipids in the secretion of the central airways]. PMID- 6689073 TI - [Alveolar proteinosis as a pathologic disorder of regulatory mechanisms of the lung]. PMID- 6689074 TI - [New concepts in the therapy of mucostasis]. PMID- 6689075 TI - Dissolution of dental enamel prevented by Remodent solution. PMID- 6689076 TI - Determinants of Ara-C action: biochemical consideration. PMID- 6689077 TI - A microcomputer method for behavioral data acquisition and subsequent analysis. AB - Using a microcomputer (TRS80, Model III), a modular procedure is described which allows rapid manual encoding of visually-observed behavioural units (module 1); processing of the data (e.g., calculation of frequency, duration, latency, sequence analysis) (module 2) and statistical analysis (module 3). This method can be used in several behavioural tasks and provides the possibility of various subsequent analysis without re-encoding or transcribing the initial data. PMID- 6689078 TI - [Effect of the combined action of metronidazole and cycloheximide on protein synthesis and tumor regression following irradiation]. AB - A radiosensitizing effect of metronidazole on a tumor was enhanced by a small dose of cycloheximide. Metronidazole caused a considerable inhibition of the protein synthesis during the first six hours following irradiation. Cycloheximide, in the dose used, did not enhance the effect of metronidazole on the postirradiation protein synthesis. PMID- 6689079 TI - An X-ray exposure calculator. AB - This article describes an algorithm, and presents an 'Applesoft' program for calculating the X-ray exposure factors for an Oldelft Radiotherapy Simulator. The program runs on a 48K Apple II Europlus computer. The article also describes which variables would need to be altered to make the program suitable for other equipment, and describes the Applesoft commands that may need to be translated into another Basic dialect in order to run it on a different computer. PMID- 6689080 TI - A computer system for dose calculations in brachyradiotherapy. PMID- 6689081 TI - [Applicability of the Gompertz function for the mathematical description of tumor growth of transplanted mammary carcinoma of the C3H mouse using a computer program]. PMID- 6689082 TI - Effect of inhibition of thromboxane production on the leukotriene D4-mediated bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig. AB - Leukotriene D4 (LTD4) administered intravenously to anesthetized, spontaneously breathing guinea pigs elicited decreases in dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) and airway conductance (GAW) with a maximal response achieved at 0.5 min. Simultaneously, plasma levels of the thromboxane metabolite, TxB2, and the prostacyclin metabolite, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, increased 10-fold over pre-LTD4 levels. Pretreatment of the guinea pigs with meclofenamic acid delayed the onset of the LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction, antagonized the magnitude of the decreases in Cdyn and GAW, and blocked the increase in plasma TxB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha levels. The thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, UK 37,248, suppressed the LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction, while it completely blocked TxB2 production without significantly affecting 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. The SRS-A end organ antagonist, FPL 55712, blocked both the LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction and the production of the arachidonic acid metabolites. These results suggest that thromboxane A2 plays an important role in mediating part of the bronchoconstriction elicited by intravenously administered LTD4 in the guinea pig. PMID- 6689083 TI - [Arthroscopic surgery of the knee: initial results from Geneva]. PMID- 6689084 TI - Experiences with computer-aided hearing and fitting. AB - Computer-aided hearing aid fitting has recently been introduced in the clinical routine at the Audiological Department of Bispebjerg Hospital. Denmark. The rationale for the programme is described and the experience from the first 6 months of use is presented. This experience includes the reactions from the hearing impaired patients as well as the personnel of the department. PMID- 6689085 TI - Comparison of manual and computer-controlled audiometry using identical procedures. AB - Ten normal-hearing subjects were evaluated with both manual and computer controlled audiometry using the ascending threshold determination method as proposed by ISO. The study shows that the thresholds obtained with the two different techniques correlate well and that standard deviations for the test- retest difference are significantly lower in the computer-controlled situation. The results also indicate that computer-controlled audiometry may be of importance in general clinical applications giving rapid and reliable threshold determination. PMID- 6689086 TI - An epidemiological study of bladder cancer in a predominantly rural district. AB - A case-control study was performed on 212 bladder cancer patients (165 male + 47 female) and 259 control persons (165 male + 94 female) matched according to age and geographic area. Twenty-five determinants of assumed importance were examined. Bivariate analysis revealed a significantly increased relative risk (RR) of developing bladder cancer associated with cigarette smoking, cigarillos smoking, pipe smoking, tobacco chewing, industrial work, previous venereal disease, work with petroleum or asphalt, consumption of alcohol, work with oil or gasoline, and work with chemical materials. A multivariate logistic analysis showed that cigarette and cigarillos smoking involved the highest significant risks. An analogous logistic analysis of the negatively associated determinants revealed never smokers and farmers to be the weakest independent variables. PMID- 6689087 TI - [Paradoxes of the surgical treatment of toxic goiter]. PMID- 6689088 TI - Testicular lymphoma. A retrospective review of 17 cases. AB - Seventeen cases of testicular lymphoma were reviewed retrospectively in order to study the relationship between histological appearances, clinical presentation and prognosis. Thirteen of the patients were adults, all over 60 years of age, and 4 were children. Twelve patients were White, 2 Black and 3 of mixed racial descent. All cases were diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 9 being intermediate and 8 high grade according to the 'working formulation' of the National Cancer Institute of America. Histological type, mitotic count, histiophagocytosis, vascularity, extent of necrosis and degree of fibrosis did not influence survival. The stage of the disease was the most important prognostic factor, patients in stage IE having an excellent prognosis. Extension to extratesticular sites was associated with a poor prognosis regardless of the stage of the disease. PMID- 6689089 TI - Management of an infected aneurysm of the groin secondary to drug abuse. AB - Fifty-three infected aneurysms of the groin in known drug abusers have been treated since 1970. There was a recent history of attempted intravenous drug injection into the femoral vein in 50 patients. Twenty-three patients underwent revascularization immediately preceding or following excision and ligation of the mycotic aneurysm. Five graft infections, resulting in one death and three amputations, occurred in this group. Three grafts became occluded, resulting in one additional instance of an amputation within six months of operation. Thirty patients underwent excision and ligation only. Five extremities were amputated in the immediate postoperative period because of irreversible ischemic changes. Six patients underwent delayed reconstruction five days to two months postoperatively because of rest pain or gangrene limited to the forefoot. No deaths and no graft infections occurred in this group. In infected aneurysms of the groin from drug addiction, we recommend initial excision with ligation and delayed selective revascularization, if indicated. PMID- 6689090 TI - Modified subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease: a two-institution study. AB - In an effort to decrease the large number of patients who develop hypothyroidism after operations for Graves' disease, an identical modification of the conventional subtotal thyroidectomy (CST) was independently designed and tested in a prospective study at two institutions. The modified subtotal thyroidectomy (MST) essentially consists of leaving an accurately measured 5 gm thyroid remnant and an intact inferior thyroid artery on each side of the neck. By use of MST, euthyroidism, as demonstrated by serial clinical and thyroid function tests, has been achieved in 92% of a combined group of 107 patients followed longer than 2 years (average 62.1 months). Postoperative hypothyroidism developed in only two cases (2%), representing a marked improvement over the 40% to 75% rate of hypothyroidism resulting from CST. Recurrent hyperthyroidism occurred in only six cases, a rate of recurrence indistinguishable from that resulting from the more extensive resection required by CST. Enlargment of total remnant size to a total of 10 gm significantly improves long-term postoperative functional results without risking an increase in recurrence. The functional results obtained after MST are superior to those obtained after treatment with radioiodine and justify renewed interest in the surgical treatment of Graves' disease. PMID- 6689092 TI - [Genital ulcers]. PMID- 6689091 TI - The effect of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, dazoxiben, and acetylsalicylic acid on platelet function and prostaglandin metabolism. AB - Twenty-four men received either placebo, 0.1 g of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben, 0.25 or 1.0 g of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Dazoxiben reduced the maximal rate of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but less than did ASA. ASA abolished secondary, ADP-induced aggregation, dazoxiben not. Both drugs prolonged the bleeding-time. Plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) levels did not change significantly after dazoxiben, whereas the prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto PGF1 alpha rose. The larger dose of ASA reduced both TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in plasma. Whole blood was allowed to clot in order to estimate prostaglandin metabolism. Both drugs prevented thromboxane production effectively. Formation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha decreased by 95 per cent after ASA but was more than doubled after dazoxiben. Dazoxiben is a selective and effective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, but has a weaker effect on platelet reactivity than ASA, possibly because endoperoxide formation is not prevented. PMID- 6689095 TI - [Hepatitis B transmitted by sexual contact]. PMID- 6689094 TI - Netilmicin in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis. PMID- 6689093 TI - Treatment of early stage Hodgkin's disease with radiation therapy plus short cycle (3 MOPP) adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - Eighty-four consecutive, previously untreated patients with stage I, II A-B and IIIA Hodgkin's disease were treated with combined modality therapy including subtotal or total nodal irradiation, followed by three cycles of MOPP. MOPP was administered before radiotherapy in patients with systemic symptoms or with bulky disease. Seventy-six of 84 patients (90.5%) achieved complete remission, and 8 died from disease progression after a variable period of incomplete remission. Three of 76 (3.9%) relapsed, and 2 of them have been subsequently salvaged. Up to the present time, 70 patients are alive, without evidence of disease; 9 have died from Hodgkin's disease, 2 from acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, and 3 from intercurrent causes. No death occurred from acute toxicity due to chemotherapy. Actuarial overall survival is 82.3% and freedom from relapse is 81.8% after 48 months' median observation (range: 12-111 months). No significant difference in survival and freedom from relapse has been observed with respect to age, sex, stage, presence or absence of unfavorable prognostic factors. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy and its use in a reduced number of cycles in early stage Hodgkin's disease are discussed. PMID- 6689096 TI - [Surgical treatment of thyrotoxic goiter]. AB - Results of the surgical treatment of 2033 patients with thyrotoxic goiter were analyzed. The postoperative lethality was 0,49%. The author recommends a program of examining the patients consisting of three steps. Plasmapheresis proved to be an effective method of preoperative preparing the patients with thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 6689097 TI - [Serum gastrin levels before and after short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer with cimetidine and pirenzepin]. AB - Serum gastrin was studied before meals in 71 patients with duodenal ulcer, treated with various doses of simetidin and pyrensepin. Gastrin level was elevated after a treatment with 1 g simetidin daily and 125 mg pyrensepin, and remained unchanged with pyrensepin treatment (50 and 100 mg daily). A tendency to decreased gastrin level was observed after the treatment with simetidin 400 mg daily. Under those circumstances the attempt at duodenal ulcer treatment with lower simetidin doses, than the usual, is justified. PMID- 6689098 TI - [Hyperthyroidism with obesity]. PMID- 6689099 TI - [Results of cytostatic polychemotherapy in non-Hodgkin lymphomas]. AB - 109 patients with advanced stage non-Hodgkin lymphomas were treated with cytostatic chemotherapy. 91 of these patients were classified according to the Kiel classification as having lymphomas of low-grade malignancy, whilst the remaining 18 had lymphomas of high-grade malignancy. The primary treatment in low grade malignant lymphomas was a combination of chlorambucil and prednisone: in case of progression or therapeutic failure more aggressive schedules (COP, C MOPP, HOP, CHOP, BACOP) were used. Patients with high-grade malignant lymphomas were treated in the first instance according to these aggressive schedules. Although no complete remissions were achieved, 25 out of the 47 patients with CLL responded with a partial remission to chlorambucil/prednisone, whilst 12 out of 19 non-responders to this schedule reacted favourably to COP. The results in 10 patients with immunocytic lymphomas were of a similar order. Better results were achieved in patients with germinal centre tumours: 9 out of the 11 patients with centrocytic lymphomas and all 20 patients with centrocytic-centroblastic tumours responded with a complete or partial remission. Of 18 patients with high-grade malignant lymphomas, 5 responded with a complete remission, 8 with a partial remission. PMID- 6689101 TI - [Multicomponent intravenous anesthesia using calypsol in surgery of the lungs and mediastinum]. PMID- 6689100 TI - The fate of fenclozic acid in the gut and its effect on some aspects of gut metabolism. AB - In the rat [14C]fenclozic acid is not metabolized in the gut and passes into the portal blood unchanged. After intraduodenal administration of [14C]fenclozic acid, a small proportion of the dose binds to high molecular weight substances in the gut wall. The incorporation of L-[U-14C]leucine and N-[3H]acetyl-D glucosamine into acid-precipitable materials by isolated mucosal cells and homogenates of gut mucosal cells was inhibited by fenclozic acid in a dose dependent manner. Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin, phenylbutazone, prednisolone, salicylic acid and paracetamol) were tested for their potency as inhibitors of glycoprotein production by whole cell preparations and by homogenized gut cell preparations. Marked differences were observed in the inhibitory potency of indomethacin, paracetamol and salicylic acid in the two experimental systems. Fenclozic acid had no major effect on the rate of total glycoprotein production by the isolated perfused rat liver or by the duodenal mucosa in situ. Fenclozic acid displaces albumin-bound [3H]tryptophan and increases the level of hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase approx. threefold. The inhibition of gut glycoprotein production by fenclozic acid was not prevented by free tryptophan. PMID- 6689102 TI - [Test of potential antiarthritic drugs on spontaneous arthritis of mice]. PMID- 6689104 TI - [Sylvics: a new system of computerized clinical records]. PMID- 6689103 TI - Experimental partial splenectomy. AB - Partial splenectomy was performed on 25 dogs, removing the lower third of the spleen by a transverse incision. Stronger bleeding was ligated while parenchymatous haemorrhage was covered with Gelaspon plus Topostasin or Surgicel. The substances were sutured to the spleen with Dexon suture. Both substances proved advantageous, but the application of Gelaspon induces less tissue reaction and results in thinner neocapsule. PMID- 6689105 TI - [Upper digestive system endoscopy file on a microcomputer]. PMID- 6689107 TI - Cochlear implants. PMID- 6689106 TI - Inhibition of phospholipase A2 and platelet aggregation by glycyrrhizin, an antiinflammation drug. AB - We studied the effect of glycyrrhizin, a compound known as an anti-inflammatory and antiallergic drug, on the membrane permeability change induced by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and on platelet aggregation. Glycyrrhizin was found to inhibit the PLA2-induced carboxyfluorescein (CF) release from D,L-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes. Part of this inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on PLA2 is accounted for by the physical state of the substrate, the DPPC liposome membrane. Glycyrrhizin also inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration dependent manner, which may in part account for its inhibitory effect on PLA2. PMID- 6689108 TI - Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on calcium and magnesium absorption in the healthy human jejunum and ileum. AB - In calcium deficiency states such as chronic renal failure, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases calcium and magnesium absorption toward normal levels. In the present study, the ability of exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to increase calcium and magnesium absorption above normal rates in healthy subjects was investigated. Steady-state perfusion studies were performed in 30 cm segments of jejunum and ileum before and after one week of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration (2 micrograms per day, 10 subjects). Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration increased from 25.8 +/- 2.5 pg/ml to 56.4 +/- 6.6 (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05). In the basal state, calcium absorption was significantly higher in the jejunum than in the ileum. Vitamin D administration resulted in a significant increase in calcium absorption which was quantitatively similar in both the jejunum and ileum. The changes in net movement were due to an increase in lumen-to-plasma flux of calcium; the plasma-to-lumen flux remained unchanged. Jejunal magnesium absorption also was enhanced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. These studies demonstrate that in healthy persons, exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases calcium absorption in both the jejunum and the ileum, and increases magnesium absorption in the jejunum. PMID- 6689109 TI - Diabetic pregnancy. Changes in lectin binding to the surface of rat lung alveolar epithelial cells. AB - The binding of the lectins concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to the luminal surface of lung alveolar epithelial cells was compared in normal rats and rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and their offspring. Lung tissue was lavaged, then fixed in situ with 3% glutaraldehyde. Buffer-rinsed slices of lung were incubated in Con A, WGA, or various control media. Lectin binding sites were visualized by the use of the peroxidase method. Normal neonates and those that were the results of diabetic pregnancies showed a hexose specific Con A and WGA binding pattern qualitatively similar to that of normal and diabetic adults, respectively. In the normal animals, Con A binding sites were masked by sialic acid residues and were removable with alpha-mannosidase after neuraminidase treatment. In the diabetic adults and their offspring, one the other hand, Con A binding sites were readily accessible and were totally removed only by sequential treatment with alpha-mannosidase and alpha glucosidase. WGA binding was essentially eliminated with neuraminidase in all animals except in the neonates from diabetic pregnancies, where N-acetyl glucosaminidase was also required. The effects of maternal diabetes were reversible and occurred about Day 7 postpartum in the neonate. The effects were also reversible following insulin replacement in the diabetic adult. PMID- 6689110 TI - Arthroscopic meniscectomy in athletes. AB - Twenty arthroscopic meniscectomies were done in 19 patients (mean age 24 years). Twelve medial and eight lateral meniscus lesions were treated. In one patient, both a medial and a lateral meniscus tear were treated at the same time. There were 9 total meniscectomies and 11 partial. All patients were international or national top athletes. Arthroscopy was performed using the anterior midline approach. Arthroscopic meniscectomy was done by means of triangulation technique. Sixty-eight percent resumed their full athletic training and competition in 2 weeks or less. At followup 14.3 +/- 9.4 months after surgery, 74% had an excellent result (full activity, no symptoms) and 21% a good result (full activity, minimal symptoms). One international top weight lifter had to be reoperated on twice because of tearing of the meniscus remnant after partial meniscectomy. Our conclusion is that the result after arthroscopic meniscectomy in athletes is good with a short rehabilitation period. Under extreme circumstances, early strenuous activities might lead to a retear in the meniscus remnant after partial meniscectomy. PMID- 6689111 TI - Mechanism of diphacinone rodenticide toxicosis in the dog and its therapeutic implications. AB - Vitamin K1 (5 mg/kg of body weight/day divided for several 5-day regimens) was effective in preventing bleeding diathesis in diphacinone-poisoned dogs. Diphacinone, a vitamin K-inhibiting rodenticide, was given 2.5 mg of diphacinone/kg of body weight orally in divided doses 2 times daily for 3 days. One dog was given 5.0 mg of warfarin/kg in 2 divided doses for 3 days. Hemograms and biochemical profiles were performed every other day. A pancreatic exocrine function test was performed before and after administration of diphacinone and warfarin. All dogs were monitored, using routine coagulation screening tests and assays of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. When laboratory results or clinical illness indicated hemorrhage, diphacinone-treated dogs were given 5.0 or 2.5 mg of vitamin K1/kg in divided doses 3 times a day for 5 days. The warfarin treated dog was given 2.5 mg of vitamin K1/kg of body weight in divided doses 3 times a day for 5 days. Of the diphacinone-treated dogs, 1 dog (given 2.5 mg of vitamin K1/kg) required 3 vitamin K regimens and 2 dogs (given 5.0 mg of vitamin K1/kg) required only 2 vitamin K regimens. The warfarin-treated dog required only 1 vitamin K1 regimen. Bleeding was observed in the diphacinone-treated dogs up to 2 weeks after treatment. The vitamin K-enzyme complex was inhibited in diphacinone-treated dogs for approximately 30 days, as indicated by routine coagulation screening tests and coagulation factor inhibition. Hepatic dysfunction was not observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6689112 TI - Antiparasitic efficacy of ivermectin in naturally parasitized sheep. AB - Sixteen sheep harboring naturally acquired parasitisms were allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups: (i) sheep given ivermectin in an oral solution at the dosage rate of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight, and (ii) those given the vehicle at a dosage rate of 0.25 ml/kg. All animals were necropsied at 2 weeks after treatment. Parasites and percentages of parasitic reductions, as demonstrated in this trial, were: Dictyocaulus filaria (99.4%), Oestrus ovis first stage instars (100%), Trichuris ovis (98.9%), Strongyloides papillosus (99.8%), Nematodirus spathiger (100%), arrested 4th stage Nematodirus spp (96.2%), Trichostrongylus colubriformis (100%), T axei (100%), Oster tagia circumcincta (100%), Haemonchus contortus (100%), and arrested Haemonchus spp 4th stage larvae (99.9%). The sheep showed no adverse effects due to ivermectin or vehicle administration. PMID- 6689113 TI - [Surgical treatment of Basedow's disease. Short- and long-term results in a caseload of 102 interventions]. PMID- 6689114 TI - Current status of neodymium:YAG laser photodisruptors in ophthalmology: Part I. PMID- 6689115 TI - [Determination of several antibiotics using voltamperometry at the interface of nitrobenzene and water]. AB - A new electroanalytical method of voltamperometry at the interface of two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) is based on electrochemical polarization of a liquid/liquid interface. The resulting current voltage characteristics completely resemble those obtained with metallic electrodes. The charge transfer processes are either the direct ion transfer across the ITIES or the transfer facilitated by macrocyclic ionophores. Determination of tetracycline antibiotics is based on the direct transfer of the cationic forms of these substances in acid media. Determination of valinomycin, nonactin and monensin acting as ion carriers is connected with the facilitated alkali metal ion transfer. In general, antibiotic concentrations higher than 0.02-0.05 mmol/l can be determined with this method. Monensin can also be determined in the extracts of Streptomyces cinnamonensis. PMID- 6689116 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the results of mono- and polychemotherapy of disseminated forms of breast cancer using the CMFVP program and anthracycline antibiotics (carminomycin and adriamycin)]. AB - A total of 203 out patients with disseminated cancer of the mammary glands subjected to chemotherapy were followed up. Of these, 44 patients were treated according to the CMFVP program, 66 were subjected to monochemotherapy with carminomycin, 42 were treated with combinations of carminomycin and dibromdulcytol, 14 patients received monochemotherapy with adriamycin and 37 polychemotherapy according to the scheme of fluorouracil + adriamycin + cyclophosphamide. In addition to the early-demonstrated efficacy of adriamycin and the Cooper scheme, the comparative estimation of the treatment programs showed that carminomycin, a new antitumor antibiotic made in the USSR, had an obvious activity when used alone or in combination with dibromdulcytol, an alkylating agent, in the treatment of primary extended forms, relapses and metastases of mammary tumors. The data indicate that wide use of carminomycin which is comparatively low toxic is advisable in the treatment of disseminated cancer of the mammary gland. PMID- 6689117 TI - [Clinical evaluation of adriamycin for advanced breast cancer (3)--a joint study by 26 institutes on the CAF and CMcF treatment]. AB - The clinical efficacy of two combination chemotherapies, "CAF" (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, fluorouracil) and "CMcF" (cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C, fluorouracil) were evaluated on the patients with disseminated breast cancer. Two dosage levels were prepared for each combination. After the investigators decided the dosage levels for the patients, patients were assigned to either combination chemotherapy, CAF or CMcF. Among those patients, 138 cases were evaluable. The objective response rates according to "Assessment Criteria of Therapeutic Effects on Advanced or Recurrent Breast Cancer" by Japan Breast Cancer Society were as follows; High dose schedule: CAF 48.4% (15/31) CMcF 40.9% (9/22) Low dose schedule: CAF 31.7% (13/41) CMcF 15.9% (7/44) In both dosage levels, CAF produced higher response rate than CMcF: The toxicities commonly encountered in all treatment groups were anorexia, nausea and vomiting, as well as leucopenia. Alopecia in CAF and thrombocytopenia in CMcF were characteristic side effects. PMID- 6689120 TI - [Primary lymphosarcoma of the prostate gland]. AB - Two large tumor nodes of a total weight of about 100 g were removed from the prostate gland of a patient of 28 with the duration of the disease symptoms of approximately 3 1/2 months. Histological diagnosis of polymorphocellular sarcoma was made. On the 19th day postoperation the patient died with phlegmon of the small pelvis tissues in the presence of cachexia. The autopsy revealed a tumor of the prostate gland outgrowing into the soft tissues of the small pelvis without metastases. Histologically it was a diffuse prolymphocytic lymphosarcoma of the prostate gland with small-loop argirophilic reticulum. This neoplasia was combined with multiple glandular gastric polyps. PMID- 6689119 TI - Comparative tissue reactivity to topical hemostatic agents in the periureteral area. AB - Application of the topical hemostatic agents microfibrillar collagen hemostat (Avitene), oxidized cellulose (Surgicel), and absorbable gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) to the periureteral regions in dogs did not incite an adverse inflammatory or fibrotic reaction when used in standard, recommended fashion. No instances of ureteral obstruction resulted from such application. The addition of a small amount of sterile urine in the same area with the topical agent did not influence the degree of reaction. We concluded that these useful hemostatic agents, when used properly, are absorbed with only slight or no residual tissue reaction. The adverse tissue reaction occasionally reported probably can be ascribed to either improper use of the hemostatic agent, other concomitant noxious influences such as infection, or admixture with abnormal collections of body fluids. PMID- 6689121 TI - [Solitary aneurysm of the pulmonary artery in infectious endocarditis. A case report]. PMID- 6689122 TI - Angle resolved fluorescence depolarization experiments on oriented lipid membrane systems. AB - It is demonstrated that angle resolved steady state fluorescence depolarization experiments on oriented lipid membrane systems can be an useful alternative to time-resolved fluorescence depolarization experiments on vesicles. It is shown that some basic assumptions underlying time-resolved experiments are not always valid. The usefulness of the measurement of an additional order parameter, less than P4 greater than is demonstrated. PMID- 6689118 TI - Allopurinol metabolism in a patient with xanthine oxidase deficiency. AB - A patient with complete deficiency of xanthine oxidase would not be expected to oxidase allopurinol to oxipurinol if allopurinol did not have any alternative metabolic pathway. 400 mg of allopurinol was administered to a patient with xanthine oxidase deficiency, and plasma allopurinol, oxipurinol, hypoxanthine, and xanthine levels were determined serially by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma oxipurinol as well as allopurinol was increased after the administration of allopurinol, and oxipurinol reached a maximum level of 13.1 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after the administration. This was the same pattern as that of normal controls. This result demonstrated the existence of some other oxidising enzyme of allopurinol than xanthine oxidase. PMID- 6689123 TI - 1 alpha, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits phorbol ester-dependent chemical carcinogenesis in mouse skin. AB - The effect of topical application of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha, 25 (OH)2D3) on the promotional phase of skin tumor formation in mice was evaluated using 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene as the tumor initiator and 12-0 tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as the tumor promoter. Fifteen weeks of twice weekly topical application of 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 1 hour prior to topical treatment with 16 nmol of TPA inhibited tumor formation in a dose-dependent manner. Doses of 0.25-0.50 nmol of the vitamin D3 metabolite inhibited tumor formation approximately 50% and had no significant effect on the survival or weight gain of the mice. These results indicate that in addition to maintaining calcium homeostasis and affecting the growth and differentiation of certain neoplastic cells, 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 can also suppress the formation of chemically induced tumors. PMID- 6689124 TI - An extremely potent anilinoacridine inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase. AB - An acridine antitumor agent, 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide, has been found to be an extremely potent competitive inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase (EC 1.2.3.1). The inhibitor constant (Ki) was determined to be 0.06 microM. The degree of enzyme inhibition was quite sensitive to small changes in the structure of the inhibitor's anisidide moiety. Drug inhibition was specific for aldehyde oxidase and inhibition was not detected with the other mammalian molybdenum iron sulfur flavoenzyme, xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2). Members of the 4'-(9 acridinylamine)methanesulfonanilide series might be useful probes in the study of the structure and function of aldehyde oxidase. PMID- 6689125 TI - Gangliosides stimulate neurite outgrowth and induce tubulin mRNA accumulation in neural cells. AB - Morphological changes observed in a somatic neurohybrid clonal cell line SB21B1 are accompanied by a 9 fold increase in the expression of mRNA sequences for tubulin 14 days following the addition of various brain gangliosides to the culture medium. Upon removal of gangliosides, the expression of the tubulin message is restored to near basal levels. Actin mRNA sequences expression is not changed under these experimental conditions. This report documents for the first time, the involvement of gangliosides in the regulation of cellular gene expression for tubulin sequences by a mechanism which may be distinct from that of dibutyryl cyclic-AMP. PMID- 6689126 TI - Pharmacokinetics of atracurium in acute hepatic failure (with acute renal failure). AB - The pharmacokinetic profile of atracurium was examined in six patients with acute hepatic and renal failure and compared with that in six normal patients after an i.v. bolus (mean dose 0.7 mg kg-1). The plasma concentrations were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography and the data fitted to a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The results from the two groups were not significantly different, giving a mean plasma elimination half-life of 22 min in patients with severe hepatic and renal failure and a mean of 21 min in the normal group. PMID- 6689127 TI - Nucleotide sequences of complementary deoxyribonucleic acids for the pro alpha 1 chain of human type I procollagen. Statistical evaluation of structures that are conserved during evolution. AB - Nucleotide sequences were determined for two cloned cDNAs encoding for over three fourths of the pro alpha 1 (I) chain of type I procollagen from man. Comparison with previously published data on amino acid sequences of the alpha 1 (I) chain of type I collagen made it possible to examine mutations in the transcribed products of the gene which have occurred during the evolution of man, calf, rat, mouse, and chick. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences with the corresponding sequences of cDNAs from chick [Fuller, F., & Boedtker, H. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 996] and with cDNAs for the pro alpha 2(I) chain from man [Bernard, M.P., Myers, J. C., Chu, M.-L., Ramirez, F., Eikenberry, E. F., & Prockop, D. J. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 1139] demonstrated that selective pressure during evolution for 250 million or more years acted more strongly on the structure of the pro alpha 1 (I) chain than on the pro alpha 2(I) chain. To improve the reliability of the comparison, the nucleotide sequences were examined with a modification of previous procedures for evaluating mutations in replacement sites and silent sites. The corrected divergence for replacement sites between the alpha 1 (I) chains was 6 +/- 0.8% whereas it was 15 +/- 1.9% for the alpha 2(I) chains. The C propeptide domain of the pro alpha 1 (I) chain was also highly conserved with a corrected divergence at replacement sites of 5 +/- 0.9%, a value that was not distinguishable from the value previously found for the C-propeptide of the pro alpha 2(I) chain. Therefore, a large part of the structure of both C-propeptides appears to be under selective pressure. Inspection of changes in the C-propeptide of the pro alpha 1 (I) chain suggested that there was a highly conserved region around the carbohydrate attachment site similar to the highly conserved region of 37 amino acids previously found in the C-propeptide of the pro alpha 2(I) chain. Two statistical tests, however, were unable to confirm nonrandom distribution of changes in the C-propeptide of the pro alpha 1(I) chain. The same tests established the presence of a nonrandom distribution in nucleotide changes of the C-propeptide of the pro alpha 2(I) chain. The 3'-noncoding region of the cDNA for pro alpha 1(I) of human type I procollagen showed no homology with the same region in the chick.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6689128 TI - Photochemical changes of fluorescent probes in membranes and their effect on the observed fluorescence anisotropy values. AB - The fluorescence intensity of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and of trimethylammonium diphenylhexatriene (TMA-DPH) is measured when these probes are embedded in vesicles of dipalmitoyl- and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC and DOPC), in mixtures of these vesicles as well as in vesicles of the mixed phospholipids, in trout intestinal brush border membranes and in mitoplasts of rat liver cells. The intensity in DOPC vesicles is found to be significantly higher than in DPPC vesicles. When these systems are irradiated with strong ultraviolet light radiation, a decrease in the fluorescence intensity is observed; this effect is much stronger in DOPC than in DPPC vesicles. The fluorescence anisotropy values in the mixture of vesicles as well as in the membranes show an initial increase with irradiation which is followed by a significant decrease. A transfer of DPH molecules between DPPC and DOPC vesicles is observed. For TMA-DPH this transfer takes place only from DPPC to DOPC vesicles, but not vice-versa. These results are related to intensity and anisotropy measurements of these probes in cell cultures. PMID- 6689129 TI - Anion influence on the binding of divalent cations to phosphatidylcholine. AB - We have used the osmotic pressure technique of Rand, Parsegian and co-workers (Nature 259 (1976) 601-603) to investigate the effect of anion species on the binding of M2+ to dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers. Calcium and magnesium salts show a complex behavior which is consistent with both anion binding and screening. We observe virtually no change, within the accuracy of our experiment, in the decay of repulsive pressure with inter-bilayer separation for the acetate and nitrate salts of magnesium and calcium; however, the chloride salt does show a different pressure decay. At any given bilayer separation, 35 A less than dw less than 75 A, with calcium and magnesium salts present, the anions produce a decrease in the repulsive pressure in the order acetate- greater than Cl- greater than NO-3. PMID- 6689131 TI - Characterization of rabbit surfactant-associated proteins. AB - In the present study, the apolipoproteins associated with a purified surfactant fraction isolated from lung lavage of adult rabbits were characterized. Surfactant purity was assessed by the glycerophospholipid composition and by electron microscopic examination. The purified surfactant was delipidated and the apolipoproteins were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By use of this technique at least eight proteins or families of proteins were found to be associated with surfactant. Four of these apolipoproteins were families of proteins of 55-70, 29-36, 26-28 and 22-23 kilodaltons (kDa). All of these apolipoprotein families had acidic isoelectric points (pI less than or equal to 5.6), and were specifically bound to a Con A Sepharose matrix, indicative that these apolipoprotein families are modified by oligosaccharide side-chains. The finding that neuraminidase treatment degraded the 29-36 kDa family is suggestive that this apolipoprotein family contains sialic acid residues. Three major proteins of 66, 43-45 and 35 kDa and a minor protein of 86 kDa were also observed. These proteins had isoelectric points in the more neutral range (pI 6.0-6.5). The 66 kDa protein (pI 6.4) had the same apparent molecular weight and isoelectric point as the major protein of delipidated rabbit serum and as purified rabbit albumin, which suggests that this protein is albumin. These findings are indicative that the apolipoproteins of surfactant are more numerous and complex than previously reported. PMID- 6689130 TI - Kinetic properties of human pancreatic carboxylesterase. AB - Fractionation of pancreatic juice by heparin-Sepharose and cholate-Sepharose affinity chromatography indicated that pancreatic carboxylesterase can be separated from pancreatic lipase with the former retained and the latter unretained by both columns. The chromatographic behavior of pancreatic carboxylesterase was found to be similar to that of human milk bile salt activated lipase. The partially purified pancreatic carboxylesterase had a specific activity of 30 mumol/min per mg protein when assayed with p-nitrophenyl acetate. The reaction mechanism of human pancreatic carboxylesterase was studied using p-nitrophenyl acetate as substrate and taurocholate as activator. The reaction of the enzyme was found to follow a rapid-equilibrium random mechanism. Because of the presence of basal activity, the role of taurocholate can be considered as a non-essential activator and the dissociation constant for the enzyme-taurocholate binary complex was determined to be 0.20 mM. The activation effect of taurocholate consists in increasing the affinity of the enzyme to the substrate (5.6-fold) and in increasing the Vmax (2.3-fold). Based on the kinetic property of human pancreatic carboxylesterase and human milk bile salt-activated lipase with p-nitrophenyl acetate, cholesterol oleate and triolein as substrate, we conclude that they share common substrate specificity but show minor differences in kinetic parameters. Fluorescence studies indicated that both enzymes showed a decreased intrinsic tryptophanyl fluorescence upon incubation with taurocholate. This indicates that bile salt caused a conformational change of the enzymes, with a resultant decreased hydrophobicity in the microenvironment of tryptophan residues. PMID- 6689132 TI - The possible mechanism of protection induced by dexamethasone against sudden death due to coronary ligation in conscious rats. AB - Rat isolated peritoneal cells (10(7) cells ml-1) incubated in the presence of dexamethasone (3 X 10(-9) M, for 90 min) were shown to release some factor(s), having a mol. wt. of 15 k, as determined by size exclusion chromatography, which inhibited phospholipase A2 activity and offered significant protection against sudden death due to post-infarction arrhythmias in conscious rats pretreated with actinomycin D (0.5 mg kg-1 i.v. 4 h before coronary ligation). This observation suggests that the cardioprotective effect of glucocorticoids in acute myocardial infarction may result from the de novo synthesis of macrocortin, an antiphospholipase protein. PMID- 6689133 TI - The pharmacological modulation of [3H]-disaturated phosphatidylcholine overflow from perifused lung slices of adult rats: a new method for the study of lung surfactant secretion. AB - Lung slices from adult rats incubated in [methyl-3H]-choline chloride formed [3H] disaturated phosphatidylcholine ( [3H]-DSPC) which was used as an index of lung surfactant. The slices were perifused after 3 h incubation in [methyl-3H]-choline chloride and the overflow of [3H]-DSPC, as a rate coefficient, was used as a measure of surfactant secretion. The basal overflow of [3H]-DSPC rapidly declined over the first 30 min of perifusion and then declined slowly. Salbutamol induced a prolonged, and sometimes delayed, increase in [3H]-DSPC overflow, which was reduced by (+/-)-propranolol. Potassium chloride produced an immediate, and usually transient, increase in [3H]-DSPC overflow which was not modified by atropine or (+/-)-propranolol. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate, but not phenylephrine, also increased [3H]-DSPC overflow. This method can measure the magnitude and time course of lung surfactant secretion induced by drugs. PMID- 6689135 TI - Intrathecal apamin selectively facilitates activity in ascending axons of rat spinal cord evoked by stimulation of afferent C fibers in sural nerve. AB - Intrathecally administered apamin was tested for its effect on activity in ascending axons of the spinal cord using decerebrate rats with low spinal cord transection. Afferent A beta, A delta or C fibers were stimulated in the sural nerve, and the response evoked in ascending axons was recorded below the transection. Apamin (5 ng) produced an increase in C fiber-evoked activity which developed about 30 min after injection and persisted for more than 60 min after injection. Apamin (5, 20 and 50 ng) did not change the activity in ascending axons which responded only to stimulation of afferent A beta and A delta fibers. The results indicate that apamin facilitates synaptic transmission from high threshold afferent C fibers to secondary neurons. PMID- 6689134 TI - Effect of inhibition of synthesis and receptor antagonism of SRS-A in cardiac anaphylaxis. AB - The effects of infusions of the lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, 1.1 X 10(-7) mol min-1) and the antagonist of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) FPL 55712 (1.2 X 10(-7) mol min-1) on the coronary constriction and the release of SRS-A, leukotreine C4-like immunoreactivity, thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha from perfused anaphylactic guinea-pig hearts were investigated. Both NDGA and FPL 55712 in the concentrations used induced an increase in basal coronary flow, but did not prevent the coronary flow reduction in the early phase (0-4 min) after antigen injection. On the other hand, NDGA and FPL 55712 inhibited the less pronounced long-lasting coronary flow reduction in the later phase of cardiac anaphylaxis. NDGA decreased the release of SRS-A from the anaphylactic guinea-pig hearts below or close to the detection limit of the bioassay and simultaneously diminished the release of leukotriene C4-like immunoreactivity. On the other hand, FPL 55712 did not influence the amounts of leukotriene C4-like immunoreactivity released in cardiac anaphylaxis. Neither NDGA nor FPL 55712 affected the release of immunoreactive thromboxane B2 (TXB2) from anaphylactic guinea-pig hearts. Release of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha after challenge, however, was decreased by NDGA, while FPL 55712 had no significant effect. These results suggest, that SRS-A may be a relatively more important mediator in the late phase of coronary constriction occurring during cardiac anaphylaxis, while the effects of other mediators, particularly vasoconstrictor cyclo-oxygenase products, seem to prevail in the early phase. PMID- 6689136 TI - Pathogenesis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. PMID- 6689139 TI - Sequences complementary to cellular deoxypolypyrimidines are localized in the 3' end of L-cell mRNA. AB - Many eukaryotic genomes have been shown to contain long pyrimidine tracts. In mouse L-cells, at least some of these pyrimidine tracts are transcribed and form a significant portion of the poly(A)+ RNA sequences. In this study the results from three different experimental methods indicate that the sequences complementary to polypyrimidines are localized to the 3' end of mRNA molecules. First, polypyrimidines reacted preferentially with the 3'-end fragments of mRNA generated by limited alkaline cleavage. Second, digestion of [3H]mRNA polypyrimidine hybrids with RNase H released 3'-end fragments of mRNA which averaged only 250 nucleotides (NT) in length. Third, polypyrimidine tracts were isolated from cDNA which averaged only 200-250 NT extending from the 3' end of the corresponding mRNAs. These data suggest that the sequences transcribed from pyrimidine tracts are quite close to the 3' end of the cellular messages in which they occur, probably within the terminal untranslated region. PMID- 6689138 TI - Effects of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and glucocorticoids on the growth of rat and mouse osteoblast-like bone cells. AB - The effects of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and its interaction with glucocorticoids to regulate bone cell growth were studied in osteoblast-like (OH) cell cultures. Owing to our earlier findings that species difference and cell density at the time of treatment modified hormonal responses, comparisons were made between rat and mouse cells and sparse and dense cultures. 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited cell proliferation in both species regardless of cell density. The magnitude of inhibition was larger in mouse cells, but the sensitivity to 1,25(OH)2D3 was the same for both species. Other metabolites, 25(OH)D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3, were greater than 100-fold less potent than 1,25(OH)2D3 even in serum-free medium, which is similar to their ratio of affinity for the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor. Dexamethasone, as previously shown, inhibited sparse and dense mouse cell cultures and sparse rat cell cultures while stimulating dense rat cell cultures to grow. The inhibitory actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 were not additive to the inhibitory dexamethasone effects. However, 1,25(OH)2D3 addition resulted in attenuation of the stimulatory effect of dexamethasone. These responses to 1,25(OH)2D3 and dexamethasone were dependent on cell density and not selective attachment of certain cell types at either plating density. In conclusion, the findings demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3 exerts an inhibiting action on both mouse and rat bone cell proliferation. This effect must be reconciled with the in vivo beneficial actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 on bone metabolism. Also, the likelihood of decreased cell number must be considered when biochemical activities are assessed after vitamin D treatment in vitro. PMID- 6689137 TI - Normal milk composition in lactating X-linked hypophosphatemic mice despite continued hypophosphatemia. AB - Patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia and mice bearing the Hyp gene have reduced renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate and an osteomalacic bone disease. To test if altered phosphate transport also exists in the mammary glands, milk was analyzed from normal (n = 9) and heterozygous Hyp (n = 8) mice 14 days after giving birth. Inorganic phosphate, total phosphate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium were measured; percent cream, fat, water, and nonfat organic solids were measured; and protein was measured. No significant differences (NSD) were found except for greater sodium in Hyp milk. There was also NSD in litter weight. The lactating Hyp had a lower body weight and remained hypophosphatemic relative to lactating normals, but both groups had higher plasma phosphate than nonlactating controls of the same genotype. The data suggest that Hyp mice can accumulate a normal amount of phosphate in their milk despite the plasma phosphate being two-thirds of normal. These data, with other recent reports of different organ systems, suggest that the altered phosphate transport activity may be restricted to the kidney. PMID- 6689142 TI - [Campylobacter in gynecological practice]. PMID- 6689140 TI - Metabolic labelling of oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins in a rat myoblast cell line and its lectin resistant mutants. AB - We have determined the experimental conditions under which optimum hydrolysis of the various oligosaccharides of membrane glycopeptides can be achieved in a permanent line of rat skeletal myoblasts and its wheat germ agglutinin resistant mutants. The labelled glycopeptides were isolated by extensive pronase digestion of whole cells. Labelling studies demonstrated that label from fucose and galactose remained largely in these two sugars, while glucosamine labelled sialic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. Mannose label was found in both mannose and fucose. PMID- 6689143 TI - Mycotic aortic aneurysm diagnosed by In-111 leukocyte scintigraphy and computed tomography. AB - The diagnosis of mycotic aneurysm is often elusive, since the patient frequently has signs and symptoms of sepsis only. A patient with a clinically occult mycotic aneurysm was assessed by the combined use of indium-111 leukocyte scintigraphy and computed tomography. While neither study was diagnostic by itself, the combined information obtained from the two noninvasive modalities facilitated the correct diagnosis preoperatively. PMID- 6689141 TI - Amsacrine cardiotoxicity: assessment of ventricular function by radionuclide angiography. AB - Serial assessment of ventricular function by means of a nuclear medicine technique was performed in six patients with malignant disease receiving chemotherapy with amsacrine. Two patients who received treatment long enough so that greater than 580 mg/m2 of the drug was administered showed a significant decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction. Four patients who received total doses of 325-510 mg/m2 of amsacrine did not experience significant change in their cardiac function. PMID- 6689144 TI - Image processing algorithms for eye movement monitoring. AB - Image processing algorithms useful for the optical monitoring of eye movements have been developed and evaluated. Specifically, algorithms have been developed which track the positions of moving convex targets. Three search strategies are considered which make varying use of a priori knowledge of target position and require varying levels of random access to the image space. Results indicate that straightforward algorithms implemented with relatively slow microcomputers can yield sample rates well in excess of standard TV field rates. PMID- 6689145 TI - A generalized effective exposure modeling program for assessing dose-response in epidemiologic investigations. AB - The computer program OCMAP (occupational cohort mortality analysis program) has been extended to allow exposure indices for person-years to be calculated as time dependent covariates rather than as the usual cumulative indices. The article develops a general formula for weighting exposures and describes the cumulative index, the lag, partial weight, and the lognormal models as specific examples. The implementation in OCMAP is flexible in that it permits these specific models or any other user-specified weighting scheme to be used. Several example schemes are applied to a cohort of workers exposed to arsenic. PMID- 6689148 TI - Cow's milk substitutes. PMID- 6689146 TI - Free nucleosides and bases in the hyperkeratotic epidermis. AB - The metabolism of both free nucleosides and bases in hyperkeratosis induced by topical application of n-hexadecane on the epidermis of guinea pig was discussed, based on the technique of high-pressure liquid chromatography. The level of nucleosides and bases decreased in the hyperkeratotic stage of epidermis, in spite of the high concentration of nucleotides. The concentration of purine bases in the epidermis was under the virtual control of the salvage enzyme pathway and uric acid formation. The significant increase of salvage enzyme activity with phosphoribosylation was responsible for the expansion of the purine nucleotide pool in the hyperkeratotic epidermis. It was noted that the increased nucleotide pool plays a role as a source of cellular energy and a precursor of nucleic acid for epidermal proliferation. PMID- 6689147 TI - Cutaneous mucinosis associated with thyroid dysfunction. AB - An unusual case of pruritic, papular cutaneous mucinosis in conjunction with hypothyroidism is described. Resolution of this disorder followed thyroid hormone supplementation. The various cutaneous mucinoses and the pathogenesis of mucin deposition are reviewed. PMID- 6689149 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in children. PMID- 6689150 TI - [Thyrotropin level during strumectomy]. PMID- 6689151 TI - Disinfection of gastrointestinal fibrescopes--evaluation of the disinfectants Dettox and Gigasept. AB - The disinfectant solutions Dettox (based on a quaternary ammonium compound) and Gigasept (based on succine dialdehyde) were evaluated during disinfection procedures with a new disinfecting apparatus for gastrointestinal fibrescopes. Thorough disinfection was achieved after 2 minutes using Dettox 8% or Gigasept 10%; persistent fibrescope contamination with Gram-negative organisms was found after disinfection with Dettox 4% or Gigasep 5%. No adverse effects in endoscopy staff or damage to fibrescopes were seen. Adequate disinfection of endoscopic equipment prevents endoscopy-related infection and can be readily achieved by trained endoscopy staff using rapidly bactericidal disinfectants. PMID- 6689153 TI - Intrathecal bombesin in rats: effects on behaviour and gastrointestinal transit. AB - When bombesin is given intracerebroventricularly to rats, it is known to cause excessive scratching and inhibit gastrointestinal transit. We have administered bombesin via a permanent indwelling cannula into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar spinal cord of rats. By this route, bombesin elicited immediate excessive scratching and rapidly inhibited passage of a charcoal meal along the gastrointestinal tract. The A50 values for these effects were 0.004 (0.001-0.018) micrograms/rat and 0.34 (0.22-0.55) micrograms/rat, respectively. Bombesin induced scratching and inhibition of transit are therefore mediated at spinal, as well as supraspinal, levels. PMID- 6689152 TI - Propantheline bromide plasma level, urinary excretion and pharmacological data in a comparison of the bioavailability of three oral formulations of Pro-Banthine. AB - To determine the comparative bioavailability of three oral formulations of propantheline bromide (PB) by both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, six normal men received three standard Pro-Banthine 15 mg tablets, two prolonged acting (PA) Pro-Banthine 30 mg tablets or one developmental PA Pro Banthine 45 mg capsule, in a study of balanced random crossover design. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of the unchanged drug were measured after each treatment using a stable isotope dilution assay. Salivary secretion rate and heart rate measurements were also made at intervals after each medication. The standard Pro-Banthine formulation was significantly more bioavailable, weight for weight, than either the developmental PA capsule (45 mg), p less than 0.05, or the two 30 mg PA tablets (60 mg), p less than 0.01, based on urinary excretion and plasma levels of PB and on salivary secretion and heart rate data. There was no evidence of significant prolonged action for the PA formulations. PMID- 6689154 TI - A species difference in the slowing effect of intrathecal morphine on gastrointestinal transit. AB - Intrathecal administration of morphine, levorphanol, bremazocine, ethylketocyclazocine or [D-Ser2,Leu5,Thr6]enkephalin to rats, at doses 10-50 times greater than that necessary to elicit analgesia in the tail flick test, had no marked effect on gastrointestinal transit as determined by the charcoal meal test. In contrast, intrathecal administration of various doses of morphine to mice significantly antagonized transit (A50 (that dose which inhibited transit to 50% of controls) = 14.7 (0.71-2.89) micrograms/mouse). These results suggest (1) a lack of involvement of opioid sensitive spinal structures in the control of gastrointestinal transit in rats, and (2) a species difference in the slowing effect of intrathecal morphine on gastrointestinal transit. PMID- 6689155 TI - Subclasses of muscarinic receptors in isolated gastric mucosal cells: receptor characterization and parietal cell function. AB - Muscarinic receptors were characterized in isolated intact chief and parietal cell enriched cell populations from canine and guinea-pig gastric mucosa by binding of tritiated N-methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS). Antagonist and agonist binding was studied by displacement of [3H]NMS with non-radioactive atropine, pirenzepine, pilocarpine and carbachol. Model analysis points to the existence of two binding sites in each of the two cell populations. The number of binding sites per cell was 1.7-1.8 times higher in parietal than in chief cell populations. Subclasses of muscarinic receptors as characterized by pirenzepine binding were compatible with the suggested A- and C- (high and low affinity) binding sites. The observation that in canine cells GMPPNP induced a conformational change of the high affinity binding site for pirenzepine could suggest that their proportion might depend on environmental factors. Binding parameters were related to specific parietal cell function as measured by aminopyrine accumulation as index for acid secretion. The carbachol effects depended on the calcium concentration and were competitively inhibited by pirenzepine. The physiological relevance of muscarinic receptor heterogeneity in gastric mucosal cells is unknown although the data support the hypothesis that involvement of muscarinic binding sites in calcium transport mechanisms connected with parietal cell function and possible conformational changes of the binding sites might be regulatory parameters in gastric secretory processes. PMID- 6689156 TI - Increase in the linoleic acid level in pulmonary surfactant in the rabbit after exposure to high oxygen concentration. PMID- 6689157 TI - Analysis of compaction in the preimplantation mouse embryo. AB - An SEM analysis of the effects of tunicamycin, cytochalasin B, and colcemid has yielded insights into the process of compaction in the early mouse embryo. All three reagents block or reverse compaction and decrease the number of microvilli (MV), although some MV polarization is permitted. In addition, tunicamycin is shown to lessen cell adhesion even in compacted embryos. Cytochalasin B causes the formation of MV clumps some of which are preferentially localized to the apex or lateral ring region. Colcemid reverses compaction and, coupled with Pronase treatment, completely blocks compaction of uncompacted 8-cell embryos. Observations also suggest that MV polarization can occur only once but compaction (the close adherance and flattening of blastomeres) can be reversed and reinduced. Evidence is consistent with a three-step compaction process involving (1) cell surface recognition and attachment of a ring of lateral microvilli to adjacent blastomeres, (2) subsequent microfilament shortening in these lateral MV, and (3) maintenance of the compacted and polarized state by microtubules. PMID- 6689158 TI - [Acute hepatitis caused by isaxonine phosphate. 2 cases]. PMID- 6689159 TI - [Our experience in the use of the hemosorption method in the combined therapy of patients with several forms of hemoblastoses]. PMID- 6689160 TI - Theobromine metabolism. PMID- 6689161 TI - [Communicative competence in the hard of hearing. Outline of a training and testing program for cochlear implant patients and hearing aid patients]. PMID- 6689162 TI - Hydrocortisone and 1,25(OH)2D3: role in proliferative responses of the embryonic chick duodenum in organ culture. AB - The present studies were conducted to determine if hydrocortisone (HC) and/or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) alter proliferative responses of the cultured duodenum, and if such alterations could be related to the known augmentation of 1,25(OH)2D3-induction of a specific, intestinal calcium-binding protein (CaBP) by glucocorticoids. HC stimulated proliferation in the duodenal epithelium, as indicated by increased DNA synthesis (3H-thymidine uptake), increased cell number/villus, and increased mitotic index after colchicine treatment. Goblet cell numbers were not significantly increased with any hormone treatment. The presence of 1,25(OH)2D3 alone did not affect proliferative responses. CaBP concentration as a function of tissue weight was 50% greater in HC stimulated intestine, indicating that the proliferogenic action of HC on the duodenum alone could not account for the glucocorticoid-1,25(OH)2D3 interaction in CaBP synthesis. PMID- 6689163 TI - Concomitant secretion of katacalcin and calcitonin from perifused human medullary thyroid calcinoma tissue. PMID- 6689164 TI - A deficiency mutant of the Gc system. AB - In the course of a paternity investigation an apparent mother-child incompatibility was observed in the Gc system. An extensive family study was undertaken to test the hypothesis of a silent gene or null allele responsible for the contrary phenotypes: the mother had the type Gc 2, the son was GC 1. The apparent incompatibility was due to a "pseudo" silent allele, called Gc * 1, which controlled a group-specific component with extremely reduced serum concentrations. This double-band mutant could be differentiated from the Gc 1S bands by two-dimensional electrophoresis: isoelectric focusing (IEF)/6 M urea IEF. The allele Gc * 1 was found in 12 persons from this family, it was not associated with any apparent disease state. Also present in this family was the variant Gc 1C1. Pedigree analysis revealed a possible (not significant) distorted segregation ratio for the allele Gc * 1C1, which was found in 22 of 33 offspring from marriages with one parent heterozygous for Gc * 1C1. PMID- 6689165 TI - The polymorphism of the vitamin D-binding protein (Gc); isoelectric focusing in 3 M urea as additional method for identification of genetic variants. AB - Since the last report numerous new DBP (Gc) variants have been observed; at present a total of 84 different mutants can be distinguished. Several of them have similar electrophoretic mobilities and/or isoelectric points of conventional isoelectric focusing (IEF). IEF in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of 3 M urea is a convenient and efficient method for the detection of hidden variation. PMID- 6689166 TI - Pirenzepine does not impair liver blood flow in the rat. AB - The present study was performed with the aim of establishing whether the muscarinic-receptor antagonist pirenzepine impairs liver blood flow, as previously observed for H2-blockers. For this purpose, two different doses of pirenzepine (0.3 and 0.6 mg/100 g b.w. respectively) were administered to two groups of rats. Liver plasma flow was measured 30 min after treatment by the new sorbitol clearance test which is simple and does not require hepatic vein catheterization. The results were compared with those obtained in a control group and in a group treated with cimetidine. It was shown that, compared to the control group in which the observed functional liver plasma flow was 5.0 +/- 1.3 ml/min/100 g b.w. (MV +/- SD), rats treated with either dose of pirenzepine showed no significant impairment of liver perfusion. On the other hand, cimetidine treatment produced a significant reduction (p less than 0.001) of functional liver plasma flow. Our results show that pirenzepine treatment does not significantly impair liver functional activity through reduced liver perfusion. They also suggest that muscarinic receptors are probably not involved in the control of splanchnic blood flow. PMID- 6689167 TI - A computer based decision-making model for poultry inspection. AB - In an attempt to develop a predictive model for poultry inspection at processing plants, a systems research design was developed to examine poultry population health dynamics from hatching to processing. Five cooperating Alabama poultry firms with 5 to 7 growers from each firm were identified to form the study unit. The farms were stratified to represent good, average, and poor producers. Via epidemiologic causal diagrams, variables with potential influence on poultry condemnation due to diseases were identified for hatchery, broiler, and processing subsystems. Field and/or laboratory data were generated for each study unit and for each variable. Using stepwise multiple regression and discriminant analysis, a predictor model with a multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.91 and multiple coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.82 was developed. A discriminant analysis model for classifying a flock into high or low condemnation group, using 0.1% to 2.0% as the demarcation line, was also developed. This latter model had overall correct classification probabilities ranging from 0.88 to 1.0. The 2 decision-making models were then computerized, using Beginner's All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (BASIC). On the day of processing, the grower provides the inspector with selected information, which is entered on a computer. Alternatives for scaled-down inspection or others are then systematically evaluated by the computer, and decision-making information is provided to the user. PMID- 6689168 TI - Graves' disease with motor neurone disease. PMID- 6689169 TI - A uniquely conserved regulatory signal is found around the translation initiation site in three different collagen genes. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 5' untranslated region and the sequence encoding the signal peptide for mRNAs of the chick alpha 1 type I and alpha 1 type III collagen. These sequences were obtained by synthesizing the corresponding cDNAs using as primers either a synthetic oligonucleotide to prime alpha 1 type I cDNA or a DNA fragment isolated from a genomic clone coding for alpha 1 type III collagen to prime the cognate cDNA. Both primers were selected so that the resulting cDNAs would be short and would contain sequence information for the 5' untranslated region and the signal peptide of the proteins. The nucleotide sequences of these cDNAs were compared with the corresponding sequence of alpha 2 type I collagen. In each mRNA the 5' untranslated segment is approximately 130 nucleotides and contains two or more AUG triplets preceding the AUG which serves as a translation initiation codon. A sequence of about 50 nucleotides surrounding the translation initiation codon is remarkably conserved in all three mRNAs, whereas the sequences preceding and following this segment diverge markedly. This homologous sequence contains an almost identical inverted repeat sequence which could form a stable stem-loop structure. The initiation codon and the AUG which precedes it are found at the same place within this symmetrical sequence and the distance between them is invariant. The rest of the conserved sequence shows a less perfect symmetry. This conserved sequence has not been found in other genes. Our data suggest that these three and perhaps other collagen genes contain an identical regulatory signal that may play a role in determining the level of expression of these genes by modulating translational efficiency. PMID- 6689170 TI - Distribution in area 17 of neurons projecting to the pontine nuclei: a quantitative study in the cat with retrograde transport of HRP-WGA. AB - The number and distribution of corticopontine neurons within area 17 of the cat were studied quantitatively with the use of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin. Eight cats received stereotactic injections in the pontine nuclei; in three of these complete staining of the parts of the pontine nuclei receiving fibers from the visual cortex was achieved. Labeled cells were counted in frontal sections through the hemisphere, spaced at 0.5 mm. The borders of area 17 were determined cyto- and myeloarchitectonically and a flat map was produced for each animal. A map of the representation of the visual field in 10 degrees X 10 degrees blocks in the first visual area (Tusa et al., '78, '81) was transferred to our maps of area 17. The density and number of labeled corticopontine cells could then be determined within blocks of the cortex representing 10 degrees X 10 degrees of the visual field. The cell density (number of labeled cells per mm2 cortex) was found in general to be highest in parts of the cortex representing peripheral parts of the visual field. The cell density is low in cortex representing the central visual field, but the lowest density was found in the representation of a para-central region in the upper visual field. Furthermore, cortical regions representing the lower part of the visual field have a higher cell density than those representing the upper part; in four cases, 68-86% of all labeled cells were found in parts of area 17 representing the visual field below the horizontal meridian. Since there is an enlarged cortical representation of central vision, the much lower cell densities in "central" parts of area 17 than in "peripheral" parts may mean that all parts of the visual field are represented with equal numbers of corticopontine neurons ("linear" representation). This is not the case, however, since the number of labeled cells per 10 degrees X 10 degrees is considerably higher in the cortex representing the central 10 degrees and medial parts of the lower visual field than in the rest of area 17. Assuming that the corticopontine cells in the visual cortex transmit spatially relevant information, we conclude that there is an overrepresentation of central vision and the medial parts of the lower visual field in the corticopontine projection from area 17. PMID- 6689172 TI - The computerized continuous performance task: a new measure of inattention. AB - Attentional performance was measured using a computerized continuous performance task, several psychometric tasks, and ratings of classroom behavior. Subjects were 51 children in the inpatient and day hospital programs of a psychiatric hospital. The relationship between performance on the computerized task and all other measures was examined. Results indicated that the continuous performance task significantly correlated with several other psychometric measures of inattention, ratings of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. The CPT had slightly better sensitivity and the same specificity as the Conners Teacher Rating Scale in identifying Conduct and Attention Deficit Disordered children. Implications for the use of the computerized continuous performance task as a screening measure for attentional difficulties is discussed. PMID- 6689171 TI - Vitamin E content of feedstuffs determined by high-performance liquid chromatographic fluorescence. PMID- 6689174 TI - Cheese made from raw milk: a comment from Europe. PMID- 6689173 TI - Bacterial immunostimulant (Broncho-Vaxom) versus levamisole on the humoral immune response in mice. AB - A comparative study on the enhancement of humoral immune response in mice after oral treatment with levamisole or a lyophilized bacterial lysate (Broncho-Vaxom) is presented. The latter proves to be more effective at therapeutic doses than levamisole on the induction of immunoglobulin formation and particularly that of IgA in secretions. PMID- 6689176 TI - Computer systems: an overview. PMID- 6689175 TI - Evidence for a functional role of the cytoskeleton in determination of the dorsoventral axis in Xenopus laevis eggs. AB - A normal table of events of the first cleavage period in the fertilized egg (cf. Gerhart, 1980) has been completed (cf. Table I) by studying external and internal features. Through a cytological study of eggs fixed after video time-lapse observation such features can directly be correlated and it has been shown that the first postfertilization wave (PFW) reflects spermaster growth, which causes rearrangements of animal yolk material. This may, in conjunction with the interaction of the spermaster rays with the cortex, define, in time as well as in space, the asymmetric cortical contraction which we suppose to evoke asymmetry in the animal hemisphere by formation of the vitelline wall (Pasteels, 1964) and in the vegetal hemisphere by formation of the Vegetal Dorsalising Centre (Kirschner et al. 1981). Neither prick-activated eggs nor fertilized eggs incubated in vinblastine develop a spermaster. Under these conditions abnormal cytoplasmic segregation may be directed by gravity alone. For normal development the activated egg must in some way, for instance through the sperm centriole, organize microtubule assembly into a monaster. The centriole acts as a microtubule-organizing centre in structuring the egg's cytoskeleton, and through this directs localization of the various yolk components, in time as well as in space. In egg rotation experiments performed under appropriate conditions, the cytoskeleton is disturbed and yolk rearranges under gravity till a new equilibrium is established which determines a new dorsoventral polarity. Such experiments also show that neither the dorsal cytoplasm nor the grey crescent cortex act as the ultimate dorsal determinants, since their localization is unaltered upon rotation, whereas the overall yolk distribution is significantly changed. PMID- 6689177 TI - The effect of exogenous adenosinetriphosphate on the choline-calcium stimulated release of 3H-norepinephrine in rat heart ventricle slices. AB - Evidence in this and other reports from this laboratory suggest that adrenergic nerves in rat heart ventricle slices incubated in a Na+-deprived (choline+) medium containing Ca++ (Ch+--Ca++), transport (by a cocaine-sensitive mechanism) 3H-norepinephrine outwardly from synaptic vesicles attached or fused to the plasma membrane. The 3H-amine secretion was not inhibited by probenecid, an anion transport inhibitor which may prevent exocytosis. The 3H-amine release was rapidly inhibited by exogenous nucleotides ATP, UTP, and GTP greater than ADP greater than AMP greater than the nucleoside adenosine. Magnesium++ tended to increase and reserpine to decrease the effect of ATP. Neither increasing the [Ca++] nor [Mg++] (to compete with Ca++ for ATP) decreased the effect of 3 mM ATP. After secretion began, lowering the Ca++ concentration by ommission, or by the inclusion of either a low concentration of EDTA or the Ca++-binding, but non energy-conserving synthetic analogs of ATP: AMP--PCP and AMP--PNP, gradually lowered the rates of secretion. By comparison, the rapid effects of the energy conserving nucleotides suggested that their effects were at least partially independent of chelation, and were energy dependent. ATP, unlike cocaine, did not inhibit the uptake of NE in a Krebs HCO3 medium. Inhibition of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase by ouabain neither inhibited the release by Ch+--Ca++, nor antagonizes the release inhibiting effect of ATP. Hence, ATP did not increase apparent retention of NE by stimulating the uptake of released NE. The ATP-inhibited secretion was not increased by theophylline. PMID- 6689179 TI - [Studies on the heart (22). Inhibitory effect of an atrial peptide (AAP) on drug induced arrhythmia]. PMID- 6689178 TI - Involvement of liver aldehyde oxidase in conversion of N-hydroxyurethane to urethane. AB - The present study provides the evidence that liver aldehyde oxidase in the presence of its electron donors can catalyze the reduction of N-hydroxyurethane to urethane under anaerobic conditions. Guinea pig liver 9000 X g supernatant and cytosol, but not liver microsomes, exhibited N-hydroxyurethane reductase activity in the presence of acetaldehyde or 2-hydroxypyrimidine. The cytosolic enzyme was precipitated with ammonium sulfate between 30 and 45% ammonium sulfate saturation. The N-hydroxyurethane reductase and aldehyde oxidase activities of the precipitate were similarly susceptible to inhibition by a variety of chemicals. When the precipitate was chromatographed on a DEAE-cellulose column, the elution peak position of N-hydroxyurethane reductase was entirely identical with that of aldehyde oxidase. Furthermore, purified rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase also exhibited a significant N-hydroxyurethane reductase activity in the presence of acetaldehyde or 2-hydroxypyrimidine. PMID- 6689180 TI - Adhesion prophylaxis in rabbits with Surgicel and two absorbable microsurgical sutures. PMID- 6689181 TI - Lymphosarcoma in a spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta. AB - Lymphosarcoma of the mesenteric and mediastinal lymph nodes with peritoneal and mediastinal implantations, as well as widespread intravascular metastases and thrombosis with haemorrhages was diagnosed in a spotted hyena. PMID- 6689182 TI - Chest pain and hypoxemia from inhalation of a trichloroethane aerosol product. AB - A 25-year-old man developed severe shortness of breath, constricting chest pressure, chest pain, cough and myalgia following acute exposure to a waterproofing aerosol that contained trichloroethane. He became febrile and developed a small area of atetectasis with significant hypoxemia. Recovery was complete within 36 hours. This experience suggests that casual use of a trichloroethane aerosol with a surface active agent can cause acute pulmonary toxicity. The mechanism of this injury is unknown. PMID- 6689183 TI - Long-term effects of molsidomine on exercise tolerance in patients with exertional angina pectoris. AB - Molsidomine is a derivative of the sydnonimines and is a long-acting vasodilator that may be effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and drug tolerance, eight men with stable angina pectoris performed a symptom-limited maximal exercise test on a computer assisted treadmill. After ingesting either placebo or molsidomine administered in single blind fashion 90 min before the exercise test on the first day of treatment, molsidomine decreased the average systolic blood pressure response from 154 +/- 3 (SEM) to 135 +/- 4 mmHg (p less than 0.01). However it did not significantly change the average heart rate response (117 +/- 7 to 124 +/- 8 beats/min) and the rate-pressure product (18.1 +/- 1.2 X 10(3) to 16.8 +/- 1.1 X 10(3]. The average time up to the onset of ischemia at which significant ST segment deviation (0.1 mV) first appeared was increased from 9.0 +/- 1.7 to 12.8 +/- 1.2 min (p less than 0.001) after molsidomine. At peak exercise after molsidomine, the mean value of ST-segment deviation in V5 or aVF was decreased (p less than 0.001). This result was obtained even though the average exercise duration was increased from 11.4 +/- 1.7 to 13.6 +/- 1.2 min (p less than 0.001). The treadmill score according to Hollenberg was also improved from -47 +/- 24 to 1 +/- 14 after molsidomine administration. After six weeks of continued therapy with molsidomine the favorable effect on exercise tolerance was significantly decreased in terms of exercise duration, the time up to the onset of ischemia, and the treadmill score.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6689186 TI - Participation of the adrenal in the lung development during fetal life in rats. PMID- 6689184 TI - [Relation between mouse peritoneal macrophage functions and prostaglandins]. PMID- 6689187 TI - [Hashimoto's thyroiditis mimicking autonomous thyroid nodule]. PMID- 6689185 TI - [Development of a computerized clinical laboratory system within the integrated medical information system (IMIS)]. PMID- 6689188 TI - [A health data base on the rural population as the basis for studying the relation between medicine and health-ecological data]. PMID- 6689189 TI - [Chlamydiae--a brief review]. PMID- 6689190 TI - The use of multivariate analysis of variance in physiological research: the two group case. AB - The advantages of performing simultaneous inferences on the means of several response variables using multivariate analysis of variance are discussed. They include control over the problem of declaring false significant differences and the ability to investigate the effects of treatment on a given response variable after eliminating variations due to other response variables. Computational equivalencies with multiple linear regression in the two-group case are also discussed. PMID- 6689191 TI - [Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of ulcer disease. Therapy. 3: Pharmacologic basis and therapy with pirenzepine]. PMID- 6689192 TI - Characterization of human heterophil hemolysins induced by Schistosoma mansoni infection. PMID- 6689193 TI - Glycophorins: isolation, orientation, and localization of specific domains. PMID- 6689194 TI - Possible relationship of Chlamydia to multiple sclerosis. AB - Multiple sclerosis is an acquired disease of the central nervous system, probably due to a transmissible factor, and characterized by pathological changes in the white matter of the brain and cord. These changes consist of loss of the myelin covering of the axons in the form of demyelinative plaques. Based on a review of the following studies, Chlamydia may indeed be one of the agents involved in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6689195 TI - Characterization of cDNA clones specific for sequences developmentally regulated during Dictyostelium discoideum spore germination. AB - Spore germination in the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum was used as a model to study the developmental regulation of protein and mRNA synthesis. Changes in the synthesis of these macromolecules occur during the transition from dormant spore to amoebae. The study of the mechanisms which regulate the quantity and quality of protein synthesis can best be accomplished with cloned genes. cDNA clones which hybridized primarily with mRNAs from only spores or germinating spores and not with growing amoebae were collected. Three such clones, denoted pLK109, pLK229, and pRK270, were isolated and had inserts of approximately 500, 1,200, and 690 base pairs, respectively. Southern blot hybridization experiments suggested that each of the genes is present in multiple copies in the D. discoideum genome. RNA blot hybridizations were performed to determine the sizes of the respective mRNAs and their developmental regulation. The mRNA that hybridized to pLK109 DNA was present predominantly in spores and at 1 h after germination but was absent in growing amoebae. Its concentration dramatically dropped at 3 h. The mRNA present in spores is apparently larger (approximately 0.5 kilobase) than in the later stages of germination (0.4 kilobase), indicating processing of the RNA during germination. The mRNA that hybridized to pLK229 DNA was approximately 1.0 kilobase and was present in very low amounts during growth. Its concentration rose until 1 h after spore germination and decreased thereafter. pRK270-specific RNA was approximately 2.7 kilobases and was found predominantly at 1 h after germination. It was present in lower concentrations at 2 and 3 h after germination and was absent in spores and amoebae. In vitro translation of mRNA selected from 1-h polyadenylated RNA which was hybridized to pLK109 or pLK229 DNA gave proteins of molecular weights consistent with the sizes of the mRNAs as determined by the RNA blot analysis. PMID- 6689196 TI - alpha-skeletal and alpha-cardiac actin genes are coexpressed in adult human skeletal muscle and heart. AB - We determined the actin isotypes encoded by 30 actin cDNA clones previously isolated from an adult human muscle cDNA library. Using 3' untranslated region probes derived from alpha-skeletal, beta- and gamma-actin cDNAs and from an alpha cardiac actin genomic clone, we showed that 28 of the cDNAs correspond to alpha skeletal actin transcripts. Unexpectedly, however, the remaining two cDNA clones proved to derive from alpha-cardiac actin mRNA. Sequence analysis confirmed that the two skeletal muscle alpha-cardiac actin cDNAs are derived from transcripts of the cloned alpha-cardiac actin gene. Direct measurements of actin isotype mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle showed that alpha-cardiac actin mRNA is expressed at 5% the level of alpha-skeletal actin. Furthermore, the alpha-cardiac actin gene expressed in skeletal muscle is the same gene which produces alpha cardiac actin mRNA in the human heart. Of equal surprise, we found that alpha skeletal actin mRNA accounts for about half of the total actin mRNA in adult heart. Comparison of total actin mRNA levels in adult skeletal muscle and adult heart revealed that the steady-state levels in skeletal muscle are about twofold greater, per microgram of total cellular RNA, than those in heart. Thus, in skeletal muscle and in heart, both of the sarcomeric actin mRNA isotypes are quite abundant transcripts. We conclude that alpha-skeletal and alpha-cardiac actin genes are coexpressed as an actin pair in human adult striated muscles. Since the smooth-muscle actins (aortic and stomach) and the cytoplasmic actins (beta and gamma) are known to be coexpressed in smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells, respectively, we postulate that coexpression of actin pairs may be a common feature of mammalian actin gene expression in all tissues. PMID- 6689198 TI - Isolation and characterization of rat skeletal myoblast mutants resistant to lectins. AB - Mutants resistant to the lethal action of the lectins phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) have been made in a line of differentiating rat skeletal myoblasts. The WGA mutants are of two types, WGArII, resistant to low concentrations of the lectin, and WGArI, resistant to high concentrations of the lectin. WGArII and PHAr mutants are unable to differentiate, whereas WGArI mutants differentiate normally. WGArII mutants are not impaired in the binding of wheat germ agglutinin, but WGArI mutants bind the lectin only to the extent of about 50% of the wild-type values. All of the mutants are cross-resistant to lectins other than those used in their selection. PMID- 6689197 TI - Transcriptional activation and subsequent control of the human heat shock gene during adenovirus infection. AB - A cDNA copy of the major human heat shock mRNA was cloned. The clone is complementary to the mRNA encoding the major 70-kilodalton heat shock protein as shown by hybrid arrest translation. We utilized the cloned DNA to measure induction of the gene during adenovirus infection. The mRNA increases in abundance approximately 100-fold during a wild-type adenovirus infection but does not increase more than 2-fold during an infection in which there is no E1A gene function [high multiplicity of infection of an E1A (-) mutant]. Furthermore, by measuring transcription in isolated nuclei, we found that the induction was transcriptional and was mediated by the E1A gene product. The induction was not maintained, however. After a peak level was obtained, transcription returned to preinfection levels. This decline was also reflected in the cytoplasmic mRNA abundance indicating a rapid turnover of the heat shock mRNA. This rapid turnover of the heat shock mRNA appears to be induced by the viral infection since the heat shock mRNA was found to be stable when synthesized in an adenovirus transformed cell line. PMID- 6689199 TI - [Induction of surfactant synthesis by corticosteroids in the human fetal lung]. PMID- 6689200 TI - Failure of the intercalating agent 4'-(9-acridylamino)-methanesulphon-m anisidide to induce DNA-repair replication in cultured human cells. AB - A search has been made for DNA-repair replication in cultured human cells treated with the DNA-intercalating agent 4'-(9-acridinylamino) methanesulphon--m anisidide (m-AMSA). Previous reports had suggested that the transient appearance of protein-associated DNA-strand breaks in mammalian cells treated with m-AMSA might be indicative of a rapid DNA-repair process. The present experiments suggest that such a repair process is unlikely to occur as, even in cells treated with high concentrations of m-AMSA (50 microM) for 20 h, DNA repair replication could not be detected down to the limits of sensitivity (1 million nucleotides replaced per cell). PMID- 6689201 TI - Close linkage of fragile X-mental retardation syndrome to haemophilia B and transmission through a normal male. AB - The fragile X-mental retardation syndrome is defined by a moderate to severe mental retardation associated with a cytogenetic marker, a fragile site localized on the long arm of the X chromosome at band Xq 27. This syndrome has recently been recognized as one of the major causes of genetically determined mental retardation, and as one of the most important X-linked diseases with respect to its frequency (analogous to that of Duchenne muscular dystrophy or of haemophilia A) and severity. In the absence of treatment, genetic screening for this disease would seem particularly important. Prenatal diagnosis is now feasible although difficult and detection of heterozygous carriers is only possible in approximately 50% of cases. The recent demonstration of genetic linkage between the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-colour blindness cluster (at Xq28) and the fragile X locus has suggested that the fragile site is indeed the site of the mutation. We show here that the fragile X and haemophilia B loci are closely linked, using as genetic marker a polymorphism of the coagulation factor IX gene. Our study of a large family has demonstrated transmission through a phenotypically normal male, a feature previously described in retrospective analysis of a few other fragile X pedigrees. Restriction polymorphisms associated with the factor IX gene should be useful for analysing this peculiar aspect of the genetics of the fragile X syndrome, and for genetic screening of the disease. PMID- 6689202 TI - Photocoagulation of cerebral arteriovenous malformations and arterial aneurysms with the neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet or argon laser. PMID- 6689204 TI - Retinopathy of prematurity: a continuing problem. PMID- 6689203 TI - Does synthetic Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide possess hypnogenic properties? PMID- 6689205 TI - [Cytochemical study of blood platelets in premature infants during the first month of life]. PMID- 6689206 TI - [Autoimmune thyroiditis in children]. PMID- 6689207 TI - [Clinico-experimental basis for using thymalin in osteomyelitis and suppurative inflammatory diseases of soft tissues in children]. PMID- 6689208 TI - Mental rotation: a computationally plausible account of transformation through intermediate steps. AB - A critical difficulty in theories of the 'mental rotation' phenomenon has been to find a computationally plausible reason why the rotation should occur in small intermediate steps. It is pointed out that this difficulty is peculiar to metrical representations: if spatial relations are presented symbolically but nonmetrically, then the iterative or recursive application of minimal transformations is memory saving. A program ROTTER is described to illustrate this principle. PMID- 6689209 TI - [Thyroid proteinase activity in toxic forms of goiter]. AB - Shifts of the thyroid proteinase (cathepsin) activity in thyrotoxicosis were studied. It was found that both free and total activity of the thyroid lysosome cathepsins increase. The free activity, expressed as a percentage of the total one, is maximum in diffuse toxic goiter and is minimum in the healthy thyroid tissue. These differences in the thyroid cathepsin activity are due to destabilization of the lysosome membranes and their increased number in thyrotoxicosis according to the electron microscopy data. It is suggested that the thyroid lysosome cathepsins play a leading part in organic proteolysis, stipulating the thyroid hormone release. PMID- 6689210 TI - Renal threshold phosphate concentration in patients with idiopathic nephrolithiasis: correlations with tubular functions, serum parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2D3. AB - The renal handling of inorganic phosphate was measured in 17 idiopathic nephrolithiasis patients with normal glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow. TmPO4/GFR was less than 2.5 mg/dl in nine subjects (Group I) and greater than or equal to 2.5 in eight (Group II). The former had serum PO4 of 2.5 +/- 0.13 mg/dl and the latter, 3.5 +/- 0.11 mg/dl (p less than 0.01). Four in Group I and five in Group II were hypercalciuric. There was no significant difference in the serum parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2D3 between the two groups. However, renal tubular functions were abnormal in both groups. The low TmPO4/GFR in 53 per cent of the patients is another manifestation of tubular functional abnormality seen in idiopathic nephrolithiasis. PMID- 6689211 TI - CSF-plasma relationships for DSIP and some other neuropeptides. AB - The relationships between CSF and plasma hormonal levels of several peptides were studied in the same samples of simultaneously obtained plasma and CSF. A significant correlation existed between CSF and plasma levels of DSIP as well as gastrin. Preliminary results also showed a correlation between CSF and plasma levels of NT, but not VIP or calcitonin. CSF/plasma ratios and the effect of BBB disruption also varied from peptide to peptide. These diverse CSF/plasma relationships are not easily explained by models of nonspecific passage but may indicate individual systems or axes that could be involved in the central effects of peripherally administered peptides. PMID- 6689212 TI - Microcomputer use on a consultation-liaison service. PMID- 6689213 TI - [Behavior of total plasma immunoreactive glucagon in 2 total pancreatectomy patients]. PMID- 6689215 TI - Computer-based scanning system for electromagnetic dosimetry. PMID- 6689216 TI - Automatic DNA sequencer: computer-programmed microchemical manipulator for the Maxam-Gilbert sequencing method. PMID- 6689214 TI - [New polypeptide hormonal candidates encoded by the calcitonin gene]. PMID- 6689217 TI - Trips to the South--a health hazard. Morbidity of Finnish travellers. AB - In all, 2665 Finns chosen at random who had made short visits to Spain and her islands, to North Africa or to Thailand, or who had taken an around-the-world tour or a West African cruise were asked to answer a questionnaire concerning the state of their health while abroad. One-third (33%) reported they were ill or had been ill; 48% had had some health complaint during the trip which in 93% lasted for 2 weeks or less. The most common health problems were diarrhoea (18%), sunburn (10%), upper respiratory symptoms with or without headache or fever (10%), insect stings (3%), and problems related to excessive consumption of alcohol (1.5%). 7% deemed it possible that they had contracted a venereal disease. The incidence of the complaints varied with the geographical area visited. It is concluded that mass tourism is accompanied by a morbidity whose dimensions are far from fully recognized. PMID- 6689219 TI - Demographic effects on sexually transmitted diseases in the 1970s: the problem could be worse. PMID- 6689218 TI - Biotinated probe containing a long-terminal repeat hybridized to a mouse colon tumor and normal tissue. AB - The cloned complementary DNA pMCT-1, which contains an intracisternal A particle long-terminal repeat, is more highly expressed in a mouse colon tumor than in the normal mouse colon. In situ hybridization of biotin-substituted pMCT-1 to fixed frozen sections shows that expression of pMCT-1 is seen throughout the tumor and is highly heterogeneous on a cellular basis, while expression is undetectable in any cell in the normal colonic mucosa. PMID- 6689220 TI - [Platelet serology and Glanzmann's disease]. PMID- 6689222 TI - [Requirements for clinics and hospitals]. PMID- 6689221 TI - In vivo redirection of prostaglandin endoperoxides into 6-keto PGF1 alpha formation by thromboxane synthetase inhibitors in the rat. AB - N(7-Carboxyheptyl) imidazole, 4-[2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) ethoxy] benzoic acid (dazoxiben) and imidazo [1,5-alpha] pyridine-5-hexanoic acid (CGS 13080) are potent selective inhibitors of platelet thromboxane synthetase that have little or no effect on the cyclooxygenase activity. Oral doses of the substances given to rats inhibited platelet thromboxane B2 production induced by intra-venous administration of collagen (100 micrograms/kg). Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive 6-keto PGF1 alpha in treated animals were increased above corresponding concentrations in untreated animals. There were small effects on the thrombocytopenia with CGS 13080 and carboxyheptylimidazole but not with dazoxiben. However these results did not always achieve statistical significance. Confirmation that the immunoreactive prostaglandin measured was actually 6-keto PGF1 alpha was obtained by the facts that indomethacin abolished its appearance in plasma and that the other prostaglandins were not present in sufficient quantities to cross-react with the antiserum to 6-keto PGF1 alpha. Two different antisera to 6-keto PGF1 alpha detected the same changes. Administration of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors to rats causes redirection of prostaglandin production from thromboxane to prostacyclin when platelets are stimulated with collagen in vivo. PMID- 6689223 TI - [Venereal Campylobacter infection of cattle from the practicing veterinarian's viewpoint]. PMID- 6689224 TI - Effect of fasting, induction, sex and age on clearance of benz(a)anthracene and chrysene by isolated perfused rat liver. AB - Hepatic clearances of benz(a)anthracene (B(a)A) and chrysene (Ch) by isolated perfused liver of female rats were similar when measured with hydrocarbons singly (B(a)A 4.3 ml/min, Ch 5.1 ml/min) or in a mixture (4.7 resp. 5.3 ml/min). Clearance of both isomers by livers from 24 h fasted donors was approximately halved. In vivo pretreatment with B(a)A (22.8 mg per kg for 2 days) significantly increased elimination of both hydrocarbons. Hepatic clearance of B(a)A was significantly higher in male rats than in females of the same age (8 weeks). Elimination of both hydrocarbons was significantly lower in 2 year-old males. PMID- 6689225 TI - Salicylic acid plasma levels following multiple doses of Norgesic Forte and aspirin. AB - Plasma salicyclic acid levels from the recommended multiple dose regimen of Norgesic Forte (orphenadrine citrate, aspirin, and caffeine) were compared to those from an equivalent multiple dose regimen of aspirin alone in 24 volunteers. The drugs were administered double-blind so that side effects could also be compared. No statistically significant differences were found between Norgesic Forte and aspirin in peak or trough levels, time to peak level, area under the curve, or mean steady-state level of salicylic acid. Mean steady-state levels averaged 154 +/- 46 (+/- SD) and 152 +/- 49 micrograms/ml on days 5 and 10 following Norgesic Forte versus 161 +/- 49 and 154 +/- 47 micrograms/ml following aspirin. Thus, the aspirin in Norgesic Forte provides an anti-inflammatory amount of salicylic acid equivalent to that of plain aspirin. There was no evidence that the combination of orphenadrine citrate, caffeine, and aspirin in Norgesic Forte caused increased or unusual side effects compared with aspirin alone. PMID- 6689226 TI - Influence of manufacturer lot number on pharmacokinetic manipulation of gentamicin serum concentrations. AB - A prospective, randomized trial was performed to study the impact of lot variation on pharmacokinetic manipulation of serum gentamicin concentrations. Twenty patients receiving gentamicin were randomized prospectively into two groups. Group I patients had blood samples obtained before and after two doses during their hospital regimen using gentamicin from the same lot number. Group II patients had the samples obtained around two doses using different lot numbers of gentamicin. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated assuming a one-compartment model and were compared between the initial and subsequent set of serum concentrations. For Group I, the gentamicin distribution volume (Vd) did not differ (mean change, -0.007 L/kg, or mean absolute percentage change, 20.8%). Group II also did not have a significant mean change in Vd (0.023 L/kg, or mean absolute percentage change, 18.7%). The gentamicin Vd did not appear to change over time whether gentamicin was administered using identical or differing lot numbers. PMID- 6689228 TI - [Cochlear implantation: clinical observations (II)]. PMID- 6689227 TI - [Excision of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers from the DNA of Chinese hamster cells of the CHO line]. AB - Using DNA sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients, the excision of pyrimidine dimers from DNA of CHO cells with the help of UV-endonuclease from Micrococcus luteus has been studied. A considerable proportion (approximately 80%) of pyrimidine dimers was shown to be excised within 26 hours, whereas during the initial 17 hours after the UV-fluence (4 J/M2) the excision was slight (approximately 15%). PMID- 6689229 TI - Electron microscopy of influenza haemagglutinin-monoclonal antibody complexes. AB - The molecular locations of antibody binding sites on the haemagglutinin of influenza virus X-31 were investigated by electron microscopy of haemagglutinin monoclonal antibody complexes. Evidence was obtained for different sites of binding of different antibodies and direct correspondence was observed between these sites and the locations of antigenic sites A, B, and E (D. C. Wiley, I. A. Wilson, and J. J. Skehel (1981). Nature (London) 289, 373-378) defined by determining the amino acids recognized by the specific antibodies. PMID- 6689230 TI - Multiple origins of the complementary defective genomes of RF and origin proximal sequences of GS, two human papovavirus isolates. AB - It has previously been shown that the genome of RF virus, a variant of the human papovavirus, BK, consists of two DNA species, one (R1a) with a deletion corresponding to the early and the other (R2) with a deletion corresponding to the late region of BKV (A. Pater, M.M. Pater, and G. di Mayorca (1980). J. Virol. 36, 480-487; A. Pater, M. M. Pater, R. M. Dougherty, and G. di Mayorca (1981a). Virology 113, 86-94). In this report transfection experiments are used to show that these DNA species are individually defective for infection and that both DNA molecules are required simultaneously for the infection of human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. DNA fragments containing the origin of replication in each of the DNA species are analyzed to show that R1a contains three and R2 contains two origins of replication. In addition, several changes in the repeat region proximal to the origin of replication are observed. The changes involve deletions and insertions. Examination of the deleted junctions most often reveals involvement of short stretches of repeated sequences (hot spots) in recombination. Another observed change is the insertion into R2 of a 63-bp sequence which contains no homology to either BK or SV40 DNA. This insertion is into the late-promoter region of this late-region coding DNA and appears to replace a poor "TATA" box in BK wild type with a better TATA box with the correct spacing from the "CAAT" box. A 304-bp fragment containing the origin of replication, early and late promoters, and the repeat units proximal to the origin of replication of GS, another variant of human BKV papovaviruses has also been sequenced. Several rearrangements, including deletions and insertions in the repeat region, are observed. Moreover, when homologous regions of this virus are compared to that of BKV, five base changes are detected, one of which is in the 23-bp origin region. This base change gives this 23-bp palindrome of GS a perfect two-fold rotational symmetry. PMID- 6689231 TI - Oligopeptides that specifically inhibit membrane fusion by paramyxoviruses: studies on the site of action. AB - Previous studies from this laboratory showed that oligopeptides with amino acid sequences similar to the sequence of the N-terminal region of the F1 polypeptide of paramyxoviruses inhibited the membrane fusing activity of the F protein, and thereby inhibited virus infectivity at the level of penetration and virus-induced cell fusion and hemolysis. The site of action of these oligopeptide inhibitors has been investigated. Radioactively labeled oligopeptides were found to bind to cells, but not to virus. Pretreatment of cells, but not virus, at 4 degrees with oligopeptides inhibited the initiation of infection and hemolysis induced by measles virus. The binding of the oligopeptides to cells was reversible at 25 or 37 degrees. Oligopeptides were synthesized with a chloromethylketone group to enable them to bind irreversibly, or with an azido group to permit them to be cross-linked in situ by photoactivation. The results with these derivatized oligopeptides, which retained their inhibitory activity, confirmed that they bind to, and express their inhibitory activity on, cells and not virus. The results suggest that the oligopeptides react with receptor sites on the cell membrane and inhibit membrane-fusing activity by competing with the F1 polypeptide for such sites. A Scatchard analysis of the binding of an oligopeptide to CV-1 cells revealed that it bound with a dissociation constant of 1.2 X 10(-7) M and that there were approximately 3.0 X 10(6) binding sites per cell. PMID- 6689232 TI - [Use of semisynthetic penicillins and ceporin in neurosurgery]. PMID- 6689233 TI - [Glyvenol electrophoresis in the correction of microcirculation disorders in parodontitis]. PMID- 6689235 TI - [Retrospective study of the evaluation of peptic ulcer recurrence after 4 weeks of pirenzepin (Gastrozepin) treatment]. AB - In a recent study the effect of Pirencepine in the treatment of peptic gastric or duodenal ulcers was reported. Relapse rates were investigated one year after the end of these studies. The patients did not receive any treatment to prevent ulcer recurrence. It was found that 20% of the patients who have had ulcer healing after 4 weeks of Pirenzepine treatment, exhibited recurrent ulcers. The relapse rate was higher in these patients who had one or more ulcers prior to the Pirencepine studies. From the results of the present investigation it is concluded that Pirenzepine has a more beneficial effect in the treatment of peptic ulcers than placebo as observed in other studies. PMID- 6689234 TI - [lst report: Alternatives to cortisone therapy. lst clinical experiences with a carnitine-betamethasone combination for the stimulation of fetal lung maturity]. AB - In the recent past criticism has been voiced with regard to the efficacy and possible side effects of corticosteroid prophylaxis of fetal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Apparently the efficacy of this treatment has been over-estimated and the spectrum of possible side effects has not received enough critical attention. In view of the multiple indications that the fetal metabolism, above all, may be altered by this type of therapy, it seems necessary to search for other methods of surfactant stimulation. This paper presents the first clinical study on the use of carnitine (4 g for 5 days in combination with twice 8 mg beta methasone versus twice 8 mg betamethasone alone). The patients on combination therapy showed a more marked increase in surfactant content of the amniotic fluid. Lung compliance determination in infants born within 72 hours of completion of therapy also revealed better results in the combination therapy group. There were also fewer clinically demonstrable RDS cases in this group. More research will be necessary to definitely establish the value of this new form of therapy. PMID- 6689237 TI - [Cardiovascular function, hemodynamics and tissue O2 supply in the neonatal period--relation to retinopathy in premature animals]. PMID- 6689238 TI - [Various possibilities of using data from the cancer register for studies of the time-lag in the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 6689236 TI - The demographic evidence for the incidence and cause of abnormally low fertility in tropical Africa. PMID- 6689240 TI - [Arthroscopy from the orthopedic viewpoint]. PMID- 6689239 TI - [Volon A shake mix--a promising innovation]. AB - Clinical testing of Volon A shake lotion (containing zinc oxide and corticosteroids) showed good results especially with regard to acute dermatoses and, as a surprise, in patients suffering from gram-negative infections of the feet. PMID- 6689241 TI - [Principles of health education of patients in venereological hospitals]. PMID- 6689243 TI - Drugs recently released in Belgium. PMID- 6689242 TI - [Socio-epidemiologic characteristics of patients with syphilis and gonorrhea in recurrent venereal diseases]. PMID- 6689245 TI - [A new score for the evaluation of retinopathy in premature infants. IV. 50 cases of retinopathy type I and II]. PMID- 6689244 TI - Intrathecal methylprednisolone acetate in multiple sclerosis treatment. Clinical evaluation. AB - Twenty-eight patients with clinically definite Multiple Sclerosis were treated with intrathecal injections of Methylprednisolone acetate, 40 mg at four days intervals. Kurtzke's Disability Status Scale was evaluated in all the patients together with sum of scores for the neurological functions and the subjective assessment, before and after the treatment. Ten Multiple Sclerosis patients, treated with prednisone (100 mg at alternate days) were taken as a control group. No real advantages were found with the intrathecal treatment as compared to the orally administered steroids. PMID- 6689246 TI - Stability of sterile dexamethasone acetate suspensions and dexamethasone sodium phosphate injections submitted by U.S. hospitals. AB - The stability of sterile dexamethasone acetate suspensions and dexamethasone sodium phosphate injections that had been stored in hospital pharmacies across the United States was studied. Through a voluntary FDA drug stability program, all hospital pharmacies in the United States were asked in October 1981 to complete a response card indicating information about the sterile dexamethasone acetate suspensions and dexamethasone sodium phosphate injections they had in stock. Based on the responses, FDA selected 21 samples of sterile dexamethasone acetate suspensions (representing two manufacturers) and 114 samples of dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection (representing 11 manufacturers). These samples were analyzed for identification, pH, and strength. All samples of sterile dexamethasone acetate suspension met USP requirements. Eleven samples of dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection representing 10 lots from three manufacturers failed USP assay requirements for strength. All samples that failed to meet strength requirements showed evidence of degradation by oxidation. Sterile dexamethasone acetate suspensions appear to be stable when stored under actual marketplace conditions, but there is a problem with the shelf-life stability of dexamethasone sodium phosphate injections made by some manufacturers. PMID- 6689247 TI - Genetic differentiation in Dogrib Indians: serum protein and erythrocyte enzyme variation. AB - Fourteen polymorphic and 24 monomorphic serum protein and erythrocyte enzyme systems were studied in Dogrib Indians living in three villages in the Northwest Territories of Canada. New information on the subtypes of Gc is provided, as is the description of a new variant at the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) locus. Maximum European admixture in the Dogrib is 8.7%. Contingency chi square analysis indicates significant genetic differentiation among the villages. Nei's (1973) GST = .0083 +/- .0022 over 36 systems, including blood groups. This compares favorably with GST obtained for three Macushi subdivisions, but appears to exceed that observed among the Xavante Indians of South America. PMID- 6689248 TI - [Effect of ethymisole on the maturation of rat pulmonary surfactant during different stages of embryogenesis]. PMID- 6689250 TI - Problems with atracurium? PMID- 6689249 TI - Unwanted isolated limb. PMID- 6689251 TI - [Effect of combined intravenous anesthesia with kalipsol and seduxen on external respiration, gas exchange and hemodynamics of the lesser circulation in patients during operations with artificial circulation]. PMID- 6689253 TI - [Xanthinuria. New Report. Review of the literature]. AB - Description a new case--the most precociously diagnosed in medical literature--of Xanthinuria, with the peculiarity of having debuted with cerebral haemorraging without lithiasis at any time. Metabolism of purines, characteristics of the disease in general and of the case concerned, and published cases are reviewed. PMID- 6689252 TI - [Accidental overdose of intrathecal morphine. Treatment with intravenous naloxone alone]. AB - A case of opiate accidental overdose is reported where 8 mg morphine were given by spinal injection. The rapid onset respiratory depression was treated by naloxone alone administered as a continuous infusion (6 mg), together with additional intravenous injections. PMID- 6689254 TI - Current status of neodymium: YAG laser photodisruptors in ophthalmology: Part II. PMID- 6689255 TI - The relationship of blood transfusions to retrolental fibroplasia. AB - The medical records of 53 premature infants weighing less than 1,360 g at birth were examined. The retinas of 32 infants remained normal, while mild active retrolental fibroplasia developed in 17 babies, and severe active retrolental fibroplasia developed in four babies. The birth weight, duration of exposure of supplemental oxygen, and the amount of blood they received as transfusions were recorded. There was no significant difference in these values for those babies whose retinas remained normal and for those babies in whom mild retinopathy of prematurity developed. However, the infants in whom severe retrolental fibroplasia developed were significantly smaller in weight at birth and received more supplemental oxygen and transfused blood. There was a close correlation between the amount of blood transfused and days of exposure to supplemental oxygen. In addition, the ratio of transfused blood to days of supplemental oxygen exposure was greater in those infants in whom no retrolental fibroplasia developed and least in those infants in whom severe active retrolental fibroplasia developed. PMID- 6689256 TI - Asymmetry in retrolental fibroplasia. AB - Ten cases of asymmetry in retrolental fibroplasia vary from patients with unilateral to those with bilateral involvement. In the bilateral cases, one eye was always more severely affected. This article encourages the treatment of amblyopia when present in patients with retinopathy of prematurity. PMID- 6689257 TI - Experiences with the cochlear implant in preschool children. AB - Years of experience with the cochlear implant in profoundly deaf adults led to a decision to attempt to extend the benefits of this device to children. As of March 15, 1983, 43 deaf children ranging in age from 2.7 to 17.5 years have been implanted. Seventeen of these are children under 6 years of age. All had worn hearing aids but demonstrated little or no benefit from them. Auditory thresholds with the implant are significantly better than those obtained unaided and with hearing aids. Although a longer period of experience is required, the preschool aged children can eventually make the same auditory discriminations as older children and adults. Long-term impact on speech and language development remains to be determined, but there is already evidence for significant improvement in these areas. PMID- 6689258 TI - The deaf child: habilitation with and without a cochlear implant. AB - The rationale underlying the habilitation of deaf children through the use of cochlear implants is discussed. Areas of child development which are especially relevant in the habilitation process are highlighted. The need for rigorous ongoing evaluation is emphasized. PMID- 6689259 TI - Cochlear prostheses: stimulation-induced damage. AB - The effects of 4 weekly, three-hour exposures to continuous sinusoidal (l kHz) electrical stimulation of the inner ear at various current levels were assessed in the chronically implanted guinea pig. With scala tympani stimulation, histopathological damage, including new bone growth, was observed for currents at and above 100 microA rms. No changes were observed in similarly implanted, but not stimulated cochleas. At equal current levels, less damage was found in subjects stimulated via electrodes placed on the round window and promontory, as compared to the scala tympani. Consistent reversible changes in threshold and suprathreshold features of the electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (EABR) were found. The magnitude of EABR change was directly related to exposure stimulus current level and to cochlear stimulation site. Suprathreshold features of the EABR were more sensitive to continuous stimulation exposures than threshold measures. Reversible EABR changes were found in the presence and absence of stimulation-induced histopathology. PMID- 6689260 TI - Histologic evaluation of temporal bones with cochlear implants. AB - Ectopic bone in the scala tympani is characteristic of cochlear otosclerosis and meningitis, which are the two most frequent etiologies of deafness in cochlear implant patients. The ectopic bone in a multiple-electrode implanted bone is probably caused by disease (syphilis) rather than by the electrode or electrical stimulation. The sensory elements being stimulated by intracochlear electrodes probably are the ganglion cells. PMID- 6689261 TI - [Effects of nitroimidazole and nitrofuran derivatives on uric acid formation in an anaerobic environment by xanthine oxidase and microsomal nitroreductase]. PMID- 6689262 TI - Early treatment of familial hypophosphataemic rickets. AB - A 2 1/2 year old girl in whom familial hypophosphataemic rickets was diagnosed at age 2 months, has been treated since then with oral 1 alpha,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol and phosphate. She has not, so far, developed osseous lesions. PMID- 6689263 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of PHI and its co-existence with VIP in intestinal nerves of the rat and pig. AB - Immunocytochemical studies of the rat and pig indicate that immunoreactivity for PHI (heptacosapeptide recently isolated by TATEMOTO and MUTT, 1981, from the porcine intestine) is located in numerous nerve fibers in the ileum and colon. Myenteric and submucosal plexuses contain abundant PHI-immunoreactive fibers. Alternate staining of adjacent sections with anti-PHI and anti-VIP sera indicates that PHI-immunoreactive nerves coincide with VIP nerves. This co-existence of both peptides in the same neurons may be accounted for by their probable sharing of a common precursor. PMID- 6689264 TI - An examination of differences in serum antibody specificities and hypersensitivity reactions as contributing factors to chronic infection with the intestinal protozoan parasite, Giardia muris, in mice. AB - After oral administration of cysts of the intestinal protozoan parasite, Giardia muris, young male C3H/He mice are chronically infected, whereas BALB/c mice demonstrate a rapidly resolving pattern of infection. Both strains of mice injected with trophozoites in adjuvant and challenged orally with cysts develop serum antibodies to numerous trophozoite proteins. A limited number of these protein antigens was differentially immunoprecipitated by sera from resistant BALB/c and susceptible C3H/He mice exposed to G. muris. 35S-methionine-labelled protein antigens better recognized by immune BALB/c sera included molecules of relative mobility (Mr) 82,000 and a series of proteins of Mr 25,000 to 32,000. Differential recognition extended to a subset of solubilized trophozoite antigens that bind to the lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and that can be radio iodinated. In particular, a complex of 4 acidic protein antigens of approximate Mr 32,000, and designated collectively as Gm32, was better recognized by immune BALB/c serum than C3H/He serum. Isolated WGA-binding antigens were not able to consistently vaccinate BALB/c mice against subsequent G. muris infection. Moreover, preliminary evidence has been obtained that lack of antibody responsiveness to Gm32 does not segregate strictly with susceptibility to chronic infection in (BALB/c X C3H/He)F2 mice. These data, plus the observation that drug cured C3H/He mice are highly resistant to reinfection, has led to examination of whether mice differ in the capacity of the intestines to support inflammatory responses. Mast cell deficient Wf/Wf mice, unlike wild-type litter-mates, developed chronic giardiasis although no reconstitution of resistance has yet been achieved with inocula of bone marrow cells from +/+ mice. BALB/c mice injected with the antihistamine and antiserotonin drug, cyproheptadine, also showed prolonged infections with G. muris. The data suggest that analysis of specificity differences in immune responses of mice varying in susceptibility to intestinal parasites must be supplemented by examination of the capacity of the intestine to support induced immune responses. PMID- 6689265 TI - Isolation and characterization of the O-glycan chain of the human vitamin-D binding protein. AB - On a highly purified preparation, the structure of the carbohydrate chain of the human vitamin D-binding protein was investigated and two genetic forms of this protein were considered (Gc 2 and Gc 1 proteins). It was found that only the Gc 1 protein (Gc1a isoform) was glycosylated, the glycan moiety representing about 1% of the protein. The structure of this O-glycosidically linked glycan was determined to be: Neu Ac alpha (2 leads to 3) Gal beta (1 leads to 3) GaINAc alpha (1 leads to 0) Ser (or Thr). A tetrasaccharidic O-glycan with two N acetylneuraminic residues was also characterized. The vitamin D-binding protein is a rare example of a serum protein O-glycosylated only on some genetic forms. PMID- 6689266 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone for human aldolase B. AB - Two specific clones for human aldolase B were isolated from a human liver cDNA library using a rat aldolase B cDNA probe. The clones were identified by positive hybridization-selection and one of them was sequenced. The 127 C-terminal residues of the human protein were deduced from this nucleotide sequence analysis. They showed 92% homology with the corresponding previously published amino-acid sequence of rat liver aldolase B. PMID- 6689267 TI - Effect of heme on allylisopropylacetamide-induced changes in heme and drug metabolism in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - In rhesus monkeys, in which porphyria was induced by the administration of allylisopropylacetamide (AIA), hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALA-S) was increased. Cytochrome P-450 and associated monooxygenase activities and microsomal heme oxygenase activity were decreased in these animals. Administration of heme for 4 days concurrently with AIA prevented the induction of hepatic ALA-S but produced further decreases in cytochrome P-450 and monooxygenase activities. The decrease in heme oxygenase activity elicited by AIA alone was partially reversed. Administration of heme alone caused an impairment of hepatic drug metabolism but had no significant effect on heme metabolism. The porphyric monkeys showed elevation of porphyrin levels in blood and urine. When heme was administered concurrently with AIA, blood porphyrin levels were further elevated, while the urinary excretion of porphyrins was lower than that following treatment of monkeys with AIA. Following the administration of heme alone, blood and urinary porphyrin levels were minimally affected. These results suggest that repeated heme administration in the primate may adversely affect drug metabolism by the liver. PMID- 6689269 TI - C(24)- and C(23)-oxidation, converging pathways of intestinal 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism: identification of 24-keto-1,23,25 trihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - 24-Keto-1,23,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 has been identified as a major 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolite, produced by intestinal mucosa cells isolated from rats dosed chronically with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The identification was based on ultraviolet absorbance spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and chemical derivatization. The pathway of biosynthesis proceeded through 1,24,25 trihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24-keto-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which are physiological metabolites of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Previous work [Napoli, J. L., Pramanik, B. C., Royal, P. M., Reinhardt, T. A., & Horst, R. L. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9100-9107] had shown that the amount of 24-keto-1,23,25 trihydroxyvitamin D3 in intestine in vivo, relative to its C(24)-oxidized precursors, is enhanced by chronically dosing rats with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. These results establish the C(24)-oxidation pathway as a predominant route of intestinal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism under physiological conditions and indicate that treatment of the rat with exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 causes expression of C(23)-hydroxylase activity, which uses C(24)-oxidized 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolites as substrates. PMID- 6689268 TI - [Mechanism of morphine-induced suppression of central nervous system blood flow]. AB - Narcotic agonists such as morphine are well known to decrease cerebral blood flow and metabolism. To investigate a possible mechanism for this action of narcotics, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) were simultaneously measured by the hydrogen clearance technique following intravenous or subarachnoid administration of morphine and subsequent naloxone in lightly anesthetized dogs. The effects of new opiate agonist + antagonists, cyclazocine and buprenorphine, alone or in a combination with naloxone on those CNS blood flow were also investigated. Morphine, 1 mg/kg iv, produced significant decreases in both CBF and SCBF (p less than 0.01), which were reversed by naloxone, 40 micrograms/kg. Naloxone per se did not produce any change in both. Cyclazocine, 50 micrograms/kg iv, also produced significant decreases in both CBF and SCBF (p less than 0.05), but the decreased CBF was not reversed by naloxone. Buprenorphine, 30 micrograms/kg, showed variable changes in both CBF and SCBF, resulted insignificant reduction. However, spinal subarachnoid administration of morphine, 0.2 mg, with which profound analgesia can be obtained in human adults, did not cause any changes in SCBF as well as CBF. These results suggest that narcotic analgesics affect SCBF similar to CBF and morphine decreases CNS blood flow via the activation of supraspinal opiate receptors. PMID- 6689270 TI - Essential histidyl residues of ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase revealed by diethyl pyrocarbonate inactivation. AB - Diethyl pyrocarbonate inhibited diaphorase activity of ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase with a second-order rate constant of 2 mM-1 X min-1 at pH 7.0 and 20 degrees C, showing a concomitant increase in absorbance at 242 nm due to formation of carbethoxyhistidyl derivatives. Activity could be restored by hydroxylamine, and the pH curve of inactivation indicated the involvement of a residue having a pKa of 6.8. Derivatization of tyrosyl residues was also evident, although with no effect on the diaphorase activity. Both NADP+ and NADPH protected the enzyme against inactivation, suggesting that the modification occurred at or near the nucleotide binding domain. The reductase lost all of its diaphorase activity after about two histidine residues had been blocked by the reagent. In differential-labeling experiments with NADP+ as protective agent, it was shown that diaphorase inactivation resulted from blocking of only one histidyl residue per mole of enzyme. Modified reductase did not bind pyridine nucleotides. Modification of the flavoprotein in the presence of NADP+, i.e., with full preservation of diaphorase activity, resulted in a significant impairment of cytochrome c reductase activity, with a second-order rate constant for inactivation of about 0.5 mM-1 X min-1. Reversal by hydroxylamine and spectroscopic data indicated that this second residue was also a histidine. Ferredoxin afforded only slight protection against this inhibition. Conversely, carbethoxylation of the enzyme did not affect complex formation with the ferrosulfoprotein. Redox titration of the modified reductase with NADPH and with reduced ferredoxin suggested that the second histidine might be located in the electron pathway between FAD and ferredoxin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6689271 TI - Detection of early changes in androgen-induced mouse renal beta-glucuronidase messenger ribonucleic acid using cloned complementary deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - beta-Glucuronidase mRNA was purified from androgen-induced mouse kidney by immunoadsorption of polysomes to protein A-Sepharose. Cell-free translation of mRNA isolated from the protein A bound RNA followed by immunoprecipitation revealed that beta-glucuronidase mRNA represented approximately 2% of the purified mRNA fraction. This mRNA preparation was used to produce complementary DNA clones by recombination with pBR322. Clones containing sequences that were enriched during the purification procedure were selected by differential colony hybridization. These were further screened for homology with beta-glucuronidase mRNA by hybrid-selected translation. A beta-glucuronidase cDNA clone, designated pGUS7, was identified by these criteria. With this plasmid, the abundance of beta glucuronidase mRNA in total poly(A) mRNA from androgen-induced mouse kidney was estimated to be less than 0.04%. The beta-glucuronidase cDNA plasmid hybridized to a mRNA of 2.6 kb in length, which was induced in an androgen receptor dependent fashion over a time course of 21 days. Treatment of female mice with a single dose of testosterone (10 mg) revealed that beta-glucuronidase mRNA concentration begins to increase between 12 and 24 h after hormone administration. PMID- 6689272 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of a synaptic vesicle specific nucleotide transport system from Torpedo marmorata. AB - We have employed azido derivatives of ATP and AMP to identify the ATP translocase of synaptic vesicles. Azido-AMP inhibits transport of both ATP and AMP in vitro. The affinity of the translocase for the azido derivatives is similar to that of the native ligands. Upon UV irradiation of vesicles incubated with radiolabeled azido-AMP or -ATP, a molecular weight (Mr) 34000 polypeptide is selectively modified. On two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the single radiolabeled polypeptide has a pI of approximately 7.7. Analysis of the fractions obtained when vesicles were purified on linear sucrose density gradients reveals that the Mr 34000 polypeptide is highly enriched in the vesicle-containing fractions. The findings support the notion that this polypeptide is identical with a previously described vesicle-specific component of the same molecular size [Stadler, H., & Tashiro, T. (1979) Eur. J. Biochem. 101, 171-178], and we conclude on the basis of uptake inhibition and photoaffinity labeling results that this protein is directly involved in ATP translocation of synaptic vesicles. PMID- 6689274 TI - Metabolism of aminoglutethimide in humans: identification of hydroxylaminoglutethimide as an induced metabolite. AB - Hydroxylaminoglutethimide (3-ethyl-3-(4-hydroxylaminophenyl)-2,6-piperidinedione) has been identified as a novel metabolite of aminoglutethimide (3-(4-aminophenyl) 3-ethyl-2,6-piperidinedione) in the urine of patients treated chronically with this drug. The metabolite was isolated by reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography, and characterized by comparison of its mass spectrum and chromatographic properties with those of the synthetic compound. Hydroxylaminoglutethimide is unstable; it is readily oxidized to nitrosoglutethimide and disproportionates in the mass spectrometer into this compound and aminoglutethimide. In none of four patients studied was the metabolite detected in the urine after the first dose of the drug. In one patient it appeared after the second dose and in two more within seven to eight days suggesting that its formation is drug-induced, and that it may be the metabolite responsible for the diminished half-life of aminoglutethimide during chronic therapy. The profile of metabolites from one patient, examined by high performance liquid chromatography after the first dose and again after six weeks of therapy afforded evidence that the formation of hydroxylaminoglutethimide was at the expense of a major metabolite N-acetylaminoglutethimide. Hydroxylaminoglutethimide was not an induced metabolite in the rat. PMID- 6689273 TI - Dimensions of the "intermediate" phase of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. PMID- 6689275 TI - Pulmonary surfactant: wrong model. PMID- 6689276 TI - First-pass elimination of salicylamide in man following oral and rectal administration. AB - In order to study the avoidance of hepatic first-pass elimination following rectal administration, 500 mg of salicylamide (SAM) were given orally and rectally to man. Plasma SAM concentrations were measurable following oral administration, but following rectal administration SAM concentrations were either very low or not detectable. The mean excretion of SAM sulphate (SAMS) and SAM glucuronide (SAMG) in the urine following oral and rectal administration was 71.3 per cent and 45.6 per cent respectively. Increasing the oral and rectal dose (1500 mg of SAM, solution) showed that the mean AUC values were 911 and 144 micrograms min ml-1, respectively. The mean urinary excretion of SAMS plus SAMG following oral and rectal administration was 82.0 and 75.6 per cent respectively; the mean plasma elimination half-lives were 31 and 40 min, respectively, while the mean urinary elimination half-lives were 63 and 73 min, respectively. PMID- 6689277 TI - Pharmacokinetics of mepindolol administered alone and in combination with hydrochlorothiazide--a bioequivalence study. AB - The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of 10 mg of mepindolol sulphate and of 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide were compared in a cross-over design in five healthy volunteers after the administration of either the single drugs (Corindolan and Esidrix) or in combination (Tenesor). Maximum concentrations of mepindolol in the plasma of 25 ng ml-1 were achieved 1.6 h after both treatments and the half-life of disposition was calculated to be 4-5 h, being somewhat longer after the combination tablet. The amount of hydrochlorothiazide renally eliminated up to 48 h after drug intake was about 60 per cent of the dose. The half-life of renal excretion was 3 h. The two formulations of mepindolol sulphate and hydrochlorothiazide proved to be bioequivalent with a tendency to better mepindolol bioavailability in the combination form. PMID- 6689278 TI - Modification of animal room odor by passing the room supply air through a complex electrical field. PMID- 6689279 TI - A computer approach to measuring shuttle box activity and conditioned place preference. AB - A procedure is described for measuring locomotor activity and place preference using an Apple II + computer. The interface consists of a single integrated circuit connected by a 16 pin jumper cable to the Apple's game I/O connector. This approach can be easily adapted to provide sequential reading of one to seven input lines from up to 16 different test boxes. The software is written in basic and doesn't require any knowledge of memory addressing or machine language programming. PMID- 6689281 TI - Circulating human antibodies as a cause of falsely depressed ferritin values. AB - We have previously reported spuriously elevated values for serum thyrotropin (TSH) measured by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). We tested those sera showing interference with the TSH assay in a ferritin IRMA which used 125I-rabbit antiferritin antibody and solid phase goat antiferritin antibody as reagents and spleen ferritin as standard. In this assay, we obtained falsely low ferritin values that were corrected by addition of 0.2% non-immune rabbit serum to the labelled antibody. Two other radioimmunoassays gave results with these sera that were not falsely lowered. The interference was shown to be due to human IgG reactive with rabbit serum, the specificity of the interfering antibody being similar in all affected sera. Human antibodies directed against immunoassay reagents may lead to spuriously increased or decreased immunoassay results depending on the specific reagents involved. PMID- 6689280 TI - Enhanced antitumor activity of adriamycin in combination with allopurinol. AB - Xanthine oxidase reduction of adriamycin (Am) and daunorubicin (Dm) to their respective 7-deoxy aglycones is inhibited by allopurinol. Administered to DBA/2 mice with L1210 leukemia, allopurinol (60 mg/kg per day X 3) enhances the antitumor activity of adriamycin. PMID- 6689283 TI - A pocket calculator program to sort data. AB - The TI59 program presented is a sorting procedure which utilizes all the register capacity of the calculator. The time to sort 98 data is 52 min. The program is able to print instructions, input data, deletion of data and a list of the ranked data and their rank on a PC 100C printer, or can be used without the printer. PMID- 6689282 TI - A universal program for fully programmable pacemakers. AB - Modern pacemakers can be programmed to change their operating parameters even after implantation. The trend is towards custom microprocessor-based all digital, and fully programmable devices. In view of the present and anticipated future complexity and diversity of the pacemakers, we have developed a versatile programming technique. The program code consists of (i) one byte of check-sum or pacemaker ID., (i) one or more bytes of op-code (mode of operation), (iii) one or more bytes of operand (data or parameters), and (iv) one byte for synchronization. We examine the full range of program parameters such as the width and the rate, and all modes of operation such as asynchronous and demand. Due to the flexibility of this programming technique it is suitable for all present and possible future generations of programmable pacemakers. PMID- 6689284 TI - Pocket computer program for performing nutritional assessment on hospitalized patients. AB - A pocket computer program is described which allows rapid nutritional evaluation of hospitalized patients. Entries of anthropometric and laboratory measurements, along with the results of anergy testing allows display of the patient's nutritional assessment with degrees of depletion. Use of the program provides the clinician information which is of benefit to patient nutritional management and evaluation of significant risk potentials. PMID- 6689285 TI - Pocket computer program for fitting the Michaelis-Menten equation. AB - This paper presents a program written for the Radio Shack TRS-80 or the Sharp PC 1211 pocket computers for fitting the Michaelis-Menten equation to experimental data by a non-linear regression analysis. The program determines the kinetic parameters Km and Vm, their standard errors and the residual standard error. In addition it performs a simulation of a kinetic experiment using the parameter values previously determined. PMID- 6689286 TI - Differentiation between two diseases using a programmable hand-held calculator and Bayes' theorem: application to Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. AB - A short general program is presented for the Hewlett-Packard HP-41C programmable pocket calculator that calculates posterior probabilities of two diseases on the basis of frequencies of nosographic characteristics using Bayes' theorem. Extended memory and functions modules allow the storage of many data in an ASCII file. PMID- 6689288 TI - A model of regional ventilation-perfusion inhomogeneity in the avian lung. Implications for gas exchange and intrapulmonary chemoreceptor microenvironment. AB - We recorded discharge frequencies of 32 intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC) during caudocranial and craniocaudal ventilation in the perfused duck lung. Blood gases, ventilatory gas flow, inspired PCO2 and PO2, and expired PCO2 measured simultaneously were used to predict regional CO2 and O2 gradients within the lung. Gas exchange was modelled in 7 log normal ventilation-perfusion compartments using mass balance differentials with an adjustable step size. CO2 and O2 interactions during exchange were modelled using the Bohr effect, P50, blood acid-base status, and the CO2 dissociation relationship. Close agreement (+/- 1.0 Torr) between simulated arterial and expired PCO2 and observed values was achieved after forcing simulated PaO2 to converge on observed PaO2 by an iterative adjustment of the perfusive shunt or the log standard deviation of the ventilation-perfusion distribution. Using the IPC static CO2 sensitivity measured in the non-perfused lung and the CO2 gradients generated by the model, we have found evidence for a distributed multi-ending receptor system in the duck lung. PMID- 6689287 TI - A computer program for detection of segmental contraction abnormalities by the left ventricular cineangiogram. AB - A computer program which enables detection of segmental abnormalities of the left ventricular contraction was developed using the principles of Leighton et al. [Circulation 50 (1974) 121-127]. A film projector, a digitizer, a graphic display and a mini-computer are used. The end-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) left ventricular silhouettes are traced from 30 degrees right anterior oblique cineangiograms projected on a screen of the film projector. The program determines semi-automatically both apexes and longitudinal axes of the left ventricle. Lines [(N-1) less than or equal to 60] are drawn perpendicular to longitudinal axes, dividing longitudinal axes into equal N segments, respectively. These perpendicular lines are extended to intersect ED and ES silhouettes at 2(N-1) points, respectively. The distances along each of 2(N-1) hemiaxes are defined as short axes [S-EDi and S-ESi, i = 1-2(N-1)]. Segmental wall contractions are expressed as a percentage of the distance from S-EDi to S ESi, and displayed as a graph with normal values (mean +/- 2 SD). The presence and extent of segmental contraction abnormalities can be evaluated quantitatively by observing a percentage of segmental wall contractions. This program greatly facilitates a correct diagnosis in clinical use. PMID- 6689289 TI - A Monte Carlo program for photon transport using analogue sampling of scattering angle in coherent and incoherent scattering processes. AB - A computer program was developed for the Monte Carlo simulation of photon transport. The program was designed for photon transport simulation in geometries occurring in diagnostic radiology and especially for the investigation of scattered radiation. A method is described for the analogue sampling of scattering angle in coherent and incoherent scattering processes. The two scattering processes are treated separately, and the influence of coherent scattering, an often neglected process, can be estimated quantitatively. The program can also be used for the calculation of the energy imparted to water slabs and fluorescent screens. PMID- 6689290 TI - Controlling behavioral experiments with a new programming language (SORCA) for microcomputer systems. AB - A new programming language SORCA has been defined and a compiler has been written for Z80-based microcomputer systems with CP/M operating system. The language was developed to control behavioral experiments by external stimuli and by time schedule in real-time. Eight binary hardware input lines are sampled cyclically by the computer and can be used to sense switches, level detectors and other binary information, while 8 binary hardware output lines, that are cyclically updated, can be used to control relays, lamps, generate tones or for other purposes. The typical reaction time (cycle time) of a SORCA-program is 500 microseconds to 1 ms. All functions can be programmed as often as necessary. Included are the basic logic functions, counters, timers, majority gates and other complex functions. Parameters can be given as constants or as a result of a step function or of a random process (with Gaussian or equal distribution). Several tasks can be performed simultaneously. In addition, results of an experiment (e.g., number of reactions or latencies) can be measured and printed out on request or automatically. The language is easy to learn and can also be used for many other control purposes. PMID- 6689291 TI - NEUREC - a program package for 3D-reconstruction from serial sections using a microcomputer. AB - A software package is described to reconstruct three-dimensional pictures in true perspective from a series of parallel sections using a low-cost computer system (Apple II plus). Data sampling via a graphic tablet and graphical output on the monitor screen or a digital plotter are assigned to different programs under control of a menu program. The number of data representing the object under study is unlimited. Originally written in BASIC, the programs were translated to machine language. As an application of the package, reconstructions of an identified large interneuron of the locust brain are presented. PMID- 6689292 TI - An interactive data base system for assessing and managing outpatient experiences in residency training. AB - A computerized system is described for assessing and managing a residency program's outpatient experience for its residents. The utilization of MUMPS hierarchical files allows rapid interactive searches, making this system an effective tool for its intended uses. The rationale behind the design of the data files and searches and the usefulness of the data in residency training are discussed. PMID- 6689293 TI - Reducing aberration by inverse filtering in Fresnel zone plate transducers. AB - Transducers employing a spatial electrode pattern in the form of a Fresnel zone plate (FZP) are useful in acoustic imaging systems for focusing an ultrasonic beam. A technique has been developed to predict the spatial acoustic output of such a transducer from a knowledge of the spatial electrode pattern. It has been shown that, due to mechanical aberration, sharp edges in the electrode pattern are not reproduced in the output pattern. The mechanism producing the aberration can be modeled as a low-pass spatial filter. A desired acoustic spatial pattern may be generated by a synthesized electrode pattern obtained through inverse filtering. The approach is to assume that the desired acoustic pattern is the output of a linear spatial system and then to synthesize the electrode pattern that would produce it by multiplying it with the inverse of the aberrating low pass filter. The synthesized electrode pattern will then generate an acoustic pattern which replicates the desired acoustic pattern very closely. PMID- 6689294 TI - Regression model for survival time studies. PMID- 6689295 TI - A digital signal processing system for EEG frequency analysis. AB - This paper describes the digital signal processing work of a research project for studying children's cognitive processes by analyzing EEG signals during school related tasks. The EEG being analyzed involves two homologous channels (left and right parietal area), and is recorded on magnetic tapes. The objective of the analysis is to determine if, by examining the alpha band of the ongoing EEG, different school tasks and correct vs incorrect responses can be detected. Analysis of alpha-band calls for the determination of signal power in the 7-12 Hz frequency band (adjusted for the age of the subjects) for each channel as well as correlation between the channels. A digital signal processing scheme implemented on an Apple II microcomputer was developed for such an analysis. The results obtained are discussed. PMID- 6689296 TI - Detection of extracellular action potentials in noise for the control of microelectrode advancement. AB - A digital computer was programmed to detect impulses in the presence of noise, rather than identify or classify impulse activity from microelectrodes. The analog signal was abstracted into a sequential series of voltage time vectors that measured peak-to-peak activity. The amplitude and time difference between a peak-positive potential and the next peak-negative potential defined one vector. The amplitude and time difference between that negative peak and the next positive peak defined the next vector, and so on. An algorithm determined if each successive vector was part of a signal pattern by comparing the properties of the vector to those in a stored list. The algorithm was designed for future application with minimum computer systems and multiple-tip microelectrodes. PMID- 6689297 TI - Computer simulation of rapidly responding forced exponential systems. AB - Two common problems in computer simulations are the decisions to ignore or include a particular element of a system under study in a model and the choice of an appropriate integration algorithm. To examine aspects of these problems, a simple exponential system is considered in which a large simulation error is induced by a rather small truncation error. The effect of computational precision, step size and hardware selection on this error is examined at standard and extended precisions over a range of step sizes and on a variety of computers. For this model, simulation accuracy is an exponential function of the number of bits in the mantissa of the computer word. Optimal step size is a function of accuracy required and precision used; a trade-off between truncation and round off errors becomes important as accuracy requirements increase. Machine selection is important primarily in economic terms if the required precision is available. We conclude that the effect on a simulation of small terms such as truncation errors can be unexpectedly large, that solutions should always be checked, and that high precision and wide dynamic range are important to the successful computer simulation of models such as that examined. PMID- 6689298 TI - A computer program for the statistical analysis of disease prevalence data from survival/sacrifice experiments. AB - This paper presents a computer program for analyzing disease prevalence data from animal survival experiments in which there may also be some serial sacrifice. The method has been described in Biometrics 35 (1979) 221-234. The user is interrogated about the details of particular models he wishes to fit. Then a generalized EM algorithm is used to compute maximum likelihood estimates of various quantities of interest concerning the effects of treatment, time and presence of other diseases on the prevalences and lethalities of specific diseases of interest. PMID- 6689299 TI - A program to compute the generalized Mantel-Haenszel chi-square for multiple 2 x J tables. AB - A FORTRAN program for computing the generalized Mantel-Haenszel chi 2-test statistic for multiple 2 X J tables is presented. The output contains the additional information of expected cell values and the individual odds ratios for each stratum. For the case of 2 X 2 tables, an internal check of the expectation is made to assure that the asymptotic assumptions are met. Optionally, the Yate's correction for continuity can be employed for 2 X 2 tables. The program can handle frequency count data as found in contingency tables or fractional values as in life table procedures. PMID- 6689300 TI - The randomization test applied to flow cytometric histograms. AB - The randomization test is used to test the hypothesis that two groups of flow cytometric histograms consist of samples from the same probability density function. The hypothesis is tested channel-by-channel. This non-parametric method does not require any assumptions as to the probability density functions involved and is therefore applicable to histograms from many different biological systems. Moreover, it allows for very few histograms per group so that the hypothesis can be tested on the basis of a small number of experiments. The procedure is implemented in PASCAL on a mini computer which is connected to a flow cytometer. PMID- 6689301 TI - Motility disturbances in Graves' ophthalmopathy. AB - In a retrospective study of 30 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy and 25 patients with exophthalmus due to other causes the patterns of ocular motility disturbances and the CT-findings were reviewed. In Graves' ophthalmopathy motility disturbances were found in 83% of the patients, in the control group 26% of the patients showed abnormal ocular motility. Enlarged eye muscles were found in 46% of the patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy and enlargement of the medial rectus muscle was the most consistent finding (42%). A clinical correlation was made between the severity of eye movement restriction and the appearance of the muscle on CT-scan. PMID- 6689302 TI - Acute effect of cimetidine and pirenzepine on plasma parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in haemodialyzed patients. AB - The acute effects of intravenous injection of cimetidine and pirenzepine on plasma iPTH and CT were studied in seven patients on chronic haemodialysis and seven healthy controls. As expected, the resting iPTH and CT levels were significantly higher in patients on RDT than in the healthy subjects. Both drugs decreased to a similar extent the increased plasma iPTH in the patients, but neither was able entirely to normalize the elevated level. The CT concentration in the patients on haemodialysis was significantly decreased by cimetidine but was only moderately reduced by pirenzepine. As neither drug was able to normalize the elevated PTH level in patients on chronic dialysis, it can be assumed that neither used alone would improve signs and symptoms of secondary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6689303 TI - Fine specificity of the immune response to oxazolones III. Antibodies but not contact sensitivity specific for 2-furyloxazolone are controlled by an Igh-V gene in the mouse. AB - Early IgM and IgG antibodies of CBA and C3H mice (Igh allotype j) against furyloxazolone (furyl Ox) were found to be heteroclitic, they had a 4-6 times higher affinity for styryloxazolone (styryl Ox) than for furyloxazolone. Anti furyl Ox antibodies of six other strains (Igh allotypes a, b, c, e, f or g) had approximately 100 times higher affinity for furyl Ox than for styryl Ox. The heteroclitic fine-specificity was inherited as an Igh allotype-linked trait. Furyl Ox-specific contact sensitivity was induced by painting, and its specificity was studied with a recently developed method (Ferreira et al., J. Immunol. 1981. 127:2366). Small strain differences in specificity were detected. They were not inherited as an Igh allotype-linked trait. PMID- 6689304 TI - [Thyroid hormone autoantibodies in Hashimoto's disease and Graves' disease]. AB - We previously reported the presence of thyroid hormone autoantibodies (THAA) in the sera from three (2 Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 1 Hashimoto's thyroiditis suspected) out of four sisters in a family and one patient with Graves' disease during treatment with methimazole (MMI). According to the investigations of the binding of labelled thyroid hormones, endogenous and/or therapeutic thyroid hormones interfered with their binding with THAA. This interference, however, was excluded when the sera were acidified with a 0.05M glycine-HCl buffer (pH 2.1) and all the liberated thyroid hormones were absorbed into dextrancoated charcoal. In this study, the specific binding of the tracer thyroid hormone to gamma globulin was examined in hormone-stripped sera from patients with Hashimoto's disease (pretreatment n = 29; L-T4 treatment n = 9) and Graves' disease (pretreatment n = 21; MMI or propyl-thiouracil (PTU) treatment n = 22; MMI or PTU treatment after 131I therapy n = 8) under conditions in which the difference of the concentration of gamma-globulin in each case did not influence the binding. None of the patients examined had increased binding of 125I-T3 with their gamma globulin. Elevated binding of 125I-T4 was found in sera obtained from 3 patients (2 pretreatment, 1 L-T4 treatment) with Hashimoto's disease and 7 patients (1 pretreatment, 4 MMI or PTU treatment, 2 MMI or PTU treatment after 131I therapy) with Graves disease. Seven (2 Hashimoto's disease, 5 Graves disease) out of these 10 patients with anti-T4 autoantibodies had antibodies against thyroglobulin (Tg) as measured by the hemagglutination method. Titers of anti-T4 autoantibodies and anti-Tg antibodies did not correlate. In Graves disease, anti-T4 autoantibodies were detected during the treatments in sera from 5 (3 MMI or PTU treatment, 2 MMI or PTU treatment after 131I therapy) out of 16 patients (10 MMI or PTU treatment, 6 MMI or PTU treatment after 131I therapy) who had anti-Tg antibodies. On the other hand, anti-T4 autoantibodies prior to the medication could not be found in sera from 5 patients with positive anti-Tg antibodies. From these results, it is suggested that antithyroid drugs and/or 131I therapy might induce the production of THAA in patients with Graves disease through the deterioration of immunological tolerance and/or through the modification of the Tg molecule. PMID- 6689305 TI - [Side effects of antithyroid drugs]. AB - In order to investigate the incidence of side effects of antithyroid drugs and to study if there were any factors related to the onset of the side effects, clinical and laboratory findings were examined in 71 untreated Graves' patients. The overall incidence was 28.2% among 71 cases who were initially administered methimazole or propylthiouracil. The incidences were 23.2% (13 of 56 cases) for methimazole and 46.7% (7 of 15 cases) for propylthiouracil, respectively, which were significantly higher than those previously reported. Seventeen of 20 cases with side effects under the drug of first choice were administered the another antithyroid drug. Four of 17 (23.5%) cases successively had side effects. The side effects were observed within 1.5 months of administration of less than 150 tablets in total in most of the cases. The serum concentration of Ig-E and peripheral eosinophils(/mm3) at the onset of the side effects were significantly higher than those before treatment. These results suggest that allergic mechanism rather than accumulating may concern the onset of side effects. Since in cases without the side effects the peripheral eosinophils at 3 to 4 weeks after administration were significantly higher than those before treatment and 19 of 51 (38.0%) cases without side effects had a high concentration of Ig-E of more than 500 u/ml, it is suggested that allergic mechanism may be triggered in most of Graves' patients who were administered methimazole or propylthiouracil. Thus, immunological disturbances in Graves' disease seems to be the cause of the side effects of antithyroid drugs, although there was no correlation between antithyroid autoantibodies and development of the side effects. PMID- 6689306 TI - [Treatment of Menetrier's disease with pirenzepine]. PMID- 6689307 TI - [Prognostic importance of distinguishing lymphosarcoma variants by the WHO classification]. PMID- 6689308 TI - Interactions between bis(guanylhydrazones) and polyamines in isolated mitochondria. AB - The interactions of naturally occurring polyamines: putrescine, spermidine and spermine, with anticancer bis-guanylhydrazones: methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) and 4,4'-diacetyldiphenylurea-bis(guanylhydrazone) (DDUG) were investigated at the level of mitochondrial membrane. The effects of bis-guanylhydrazones on intact rat liver mitochondria were readily prevented or reversed by polyamines and these interactions were also affected by the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Magnesium cations enhanced the protective action of polyamines. The data indicate that competition exists between the essential anticancer bis(guanylhydrazone) and polyamines for low affinity negatively charged binding sites at the outer surface of inner mitochondrial membrane. The study of drug interactions was extended to the level of isolated tumor mitochondria from rat HTC hepatoma and murine L1210 leukemia cells. A complicated pattern of interactions between the anticancer bis-guanylhydrazones and phenethylbiguanide was obtained. PMID- 6689309 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the anemic pigeon alpha-globin gene. Structural rearrangements in the cloned cDNA. AB - Pigeon alpha-globin cDNA, previously cloned into the PstI site of pBR322 to yield pGP22 (Scobeleva et al., 1981), was mapped and sequenced. The insert was found to have an unusual structural organization, with 33 bp corresponding to the 5' untranslated region of mRNA located roughly at the middle and flanked downstream by the 81 triplets coding for the N-terminal half of the alpha-globin chain. Moreover, 25 triplets identical to the 3'-terminal region of the insert were located upstream from the 5'-untranslated region and were followed by the coding sequence of 82 to 134 triplets. The last seven codons from 135 to 142 triplets were missing. The structural rearrangements in the cloned cDNA are discussed. The nucleotide sequence of alpha-globin mRNA from anemic pigeon was determined; it differs remarkably from those for chicken and duck, although homologies can easily be found. The predicted amino acid sequence of pigeon anemic alpha-globin is given. PMID- 6689310 TI - [Sucralfate (Ulcogant). Mechanism of action of a cytoprotective agent]. PMID- 6689311 TI - Protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. I. Isolation and characterization of stefin, a cytosolic protein inhibitor of cysteine proteinases from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. AB - A protein inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, "stefin", was purified from cytosol of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. Affinity chromatography on carboxymethylated papain-Sepharose was used as the first step, followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, which resolved four inhibitory peaks. The main peak, comprising approx. 80% of total inhibitory activity was characterized. It was found to be a homogenous protein with an apparent molecular mass slightly lower than that of cytochrome c and with an isoelectric point of 4.65. The inhibitor inhibits papain at a molar ratio of 1:1 as well as cathepsin B and H, but it does not inhibit serine and aspartic proteinases. It is stable at elevated temperature and in alkaline pH, but looses its activity in acid pH. Oxidized glutathione has no effect on its inhibitory activity. PMID- 6689312 TI - Protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. II. Primary structure of stefin, a cytosolic protein inhibitor of cysteine proteinases from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. AB - The primary structure of stefin, a new cysteine proteinase inhibitor from the cytosol of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes, was determined by amino-acid sequence analysis. The protein consists of 98 amino-acid residues and contains no cysteine. Its molecular mass was calculated to be 11006 Da. The sequence was obtained by automatic solid-phase Edman degradation of the uncleaved protein and its cyanogen bromide fragments. There is no striking evidence for a sequence homology with known families of protein inhibitors of proteinases. PMID- 6689313 TI - Synthesis of the porcine intestinal peptide PHI and its 24-glutamine analogue. AB - PHI--a new candidate hormone from porcine intestinal tract-- corresponds to a linear heptacosapeptide amide of remarkable sequence homology to the known members of the glucagon family, particularly to the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and secretin. The position 24 usually occupied by an aminodicarboxylic acid omega-amide, in the present case, however, carries a glutamic acid, thus opening the question of whether this structural feature is related to desamidation in one of the isolation and characterization steps or of whether it is significant for this peptide factor. Consequently the heptacosapeptide amides corresponding to the proposed primary structure and to its 24-glutamine analogue have been synthesized. Comparative chromatographic and biological studies on the natural and the two synthetic products have confirmed the correctness of the primary structure proposed for the isolated PHI. Since [24-glutamic acid] and [24 glutamine]PHI exhibit no significant differences in their biological potencies, the main question is still open of whether the position 24 in native PHI is occupied by the aminodicarboxylic acid omega-amide (glutamine) or by N substituted derivatives (N-glycosyl). PMID- 6689314 TI - Human proinsulin VI. Synthesis of protected segment 46-70 of prohormone. AB - The synthesis of the protected pentacosapeptide Trt-Gly-Gly-Pro-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ser (But)-Leu-Gln-Pro-Leu-Ala-Leu-Glu( OBut)-Gly-Ser (But)-Leu-Gln-Lys(Boc)-Arg-Gly Ile-Val-Glu-(OBut)-Gln-OH (Pos. 46-70) of human proinsulin is described. This segment was prepared by the mixed anhydride condensation of the trityl-protected peptides (46-64) or (46-59) with the fragments 65-70 and 60-70, respectively. In both the cases the purification was effected by counter current distribution in a yield of 25% and 24%, respectively. PMID- 6689315 TI - Immune marker expression in 53 lymphomas of high-grade malignancy. AB - Tissue from 53 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of high-grade malignancy according to the Kiel classification were analysed for cellular immunological markers. In most cases studies were performed in parallel on cell suspensions and cryostat sections. Histologically, the lymphomas were classified as anaplastic centrocytic (four), centroblastic (seven), Burkitt type (three), convoluted-cell type (five) lymphoblastic-unclassified (10), immunoblastic (IBL) (19) and pleomorphic T-cell type (five). Immunological phenotyping resulted in 60% B lymphomas characterized by monotypic surface membrane Ig (SmIg) and/or cytoplasmic Ig (CIg), and 23% T lymphomas with detectable E receptors; 17% of cases were non-expressive (O-type). Unusual SmIg-types were noticed in some monoclonal proliferations. Gamma (gamma) and mu chains occurred simultaneously in four cases; delta chain was the only heavy-chain in one case and a heavy-chain was absent in one case. Cases of IBL were of T-cell type in two cases, and two other cases were non-expressive. The cases of B-IBL expressed CIg in 93%, but the B lymphomas other than B-IBL only in 38%. Receptors for Fc-IgG and C3 were expressed by all major immune phenotypes (B, T, O), but were infrequent in lymphoblastic lymphoma unclassified (O-type). Adoption of immunological techniques to include frozen tissue studies was necessary in order to reach a conclusion regarding the immune phenotype in several cases. PMID- 6689316 TI - Algorithm for calculating theoretical probabilities of patterns generated by sequential inequality testing. AB - Temporal patterns of extracellularly monitored single neuronal impulses or 'spike' trains can be viewed as stochastic point processes that carry information from one neuron to another. There are indications that the dependencies among sequential spike intervals, if treated as sequential inequality patterns, encompass much more than 7 spike intervals. Hence, to fill the gap between the available knowledge and the experimental need, a limited stochastic model of inequality patterns was reviewed and its inherent symmetries were explored. The symmetric attributes of the model, based on three through seven spike intervals, led to an algorithm which allows one to readily compute the theoretical distribution of inequality patterns of considerable complexity and length suitable for studying neuronal responses and other phenomena. PMID- 6689317 TI - A microcomputer based interactive system for the recording and automatic analysis of esophageal pH-studies. AB - A microcomputer based system for the recording and automatic analysis of esophageal pH-studies has been developed. It consists of a microcomputer interfaced with a pH-meter, one video display, two disk-drives for five inch diskettes, one printer and a fully interactive program written in BASIC. Every second, the microcomputer records the values of pH measured by the pH-meter. The options available in the program are: 1) Creation of medical records; 2) pH probe calibration; 3) pH-basal value acquisition; 4) Standard Acid Reflux Test (SART); 5) Acid Clearing Test (ACT); 6) 24-hour pH-monitoring test; 7) Summary of patient's current results; 8) Printing and data file management. Each one of these options provides access to other related functions. This system and its software has the following advantages: 1) it achieves a high standard in the execution of esophageal pH-study tests; 2) it provides an objective real-time analysis of the results; 3) it reduces the total cost of the investigation. PMID- 6689318 TI - Tubulin isotypes and the multigene tubulin families. PMID- 6689319 TI - CELLSIM and CELLGROW: tools for cell kinetic modeling. AB - Cell kinetics relates to the movement and proliferation of cells through their generative cycle and to how this cycle is affected by drugs, radiation, and other types of treatment. Two stochastic simulation systems have been developed to model this behavior. PMID- 6689320 TI - Interaction of bilirubin with small unilamellar vesicles of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. AB - Interaction of bilirubin with phospholipid bilayers was studied at physiological pH above and below the gel-liquid crystalline phase transition of small unilamellar vesicles of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Chromatographic, calorimetric and 1H-NMR evidences strongly suggest that dianion form of bilirubin binds to the polar heads of the phosphatidylcholines protruding from the outer leaflet of the vesicles, whilst acid bilirubin, which is insoluble in water, is hydrophobically inserted into the lipophilic region of the bilayers. The surface bound bilirubin is promptly removed from vesicles, whilst the acid form hydrophobically inserted into the vesicles is firmly bound to the membrane in the gel state. This pool of bilirubin could perturb the chemico-physical properties of the membrane (i.e., fluidity, phase transition, etc. ...) thus contributing to perturbation of the biological properties of living cells. PMID- 6689321 TI - [Practical pointers on the use of Plastipore middle ear implants (TORP, PORP)]. AB - "Plastipore" prostheses (TORP, PORP) in the middle ear have established themselves in recent years for the restoration of optimal transformation of air pressure in partial or total loss of the ossicular chain, provided that certain conditions are observed. A good protector between the tympanic membrane or the tympanic membrane graft, and a prosthetic screen is essential. For this we use a transplant composed of perichondrium and cartilage from the tragal cartilage cut in a certain manner, which also functions ideally as a tympanic membrane graft. The technique and the results are described. PMID- 6689322 TI - The Abraham lens with the neodymium-YAG laser. AB - We have used the neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser effectively to cut posterior capsules and pupillary membranes, but the procedure was difficult. Using the Abraham contact lens facilitated the procedure, but may be related to the development of retinal damage. PMID- 6689323 TI - Novel antitumor agents CI-920, PD 113,270 and PD 113,271. I. Taxonomy, fermentation and biological properties. AB - CI-920 (PD 110,161) and two analogues (PD 113,270 and PD 113,271) are novel antitumor compounds produced by a new actinomycete characterized as Streptomyces pulveraceus subsp. fostreus ATCC 31906. The antitumor compounds are predominantly produced during the stationary (idiophase) growth phase of the organism. CI-920 is active versus the murine P388 lymphocytic and L1210 lymphoid leukemia with T/C values of 246 and 207, respectively. This compound has no significant antimicrobial activity. PMID- 6689324 TI - Novel antitumor agents CI-920, PD 113,270 and PD 113,271. II. Isolation and characterization. AB - A complex of structurally related compounds that exhibit in vivo antileukemic activity was isolated from fermentation broths of a new streptomycete. The components of this complex are water soluble phosphate esters containing a conjugated triene system. The isolation and characterization of three of these components are described. PMID- 6689325 TI - Histidinomycin, a new antifungal antibiotic. AB - A new antifungal antibiotic named histidinomycin was isolated from the broth filtrate of a streptomycete, tentatively designated as isolate H 878-MY 1. Histidinomycin was purified as the monohydrochloride and the molecular formula was proposed to be C22H30N8O11.HCl. The antibiotic gave histidine by acid hydrolysis. Histidinomycin showed rather narrow antimicrobial spectrum for only few genera of phytophathogenic fungi. PMID- 6689326 TI - Multichannel electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in man. II. Channel interaction. AB - A multichannel cochlear implant can be an effective prosthesis only if its channels are independent of each other. Presumably independence is achieved by stimulating different populations of surviving neurons. Two types of interaction might occur between channels: electrical current field summation peripheral to stimulation of the nerves and neural-perceptual interaction following stimulation. Two psychophysical techniques to assess channel independence are discussed. In one technique a masker is presented on one channel in order to adapt the nerves responding to that channel. The forward masked threshold of a signal is then measured on all other channels and elevation of threshold is assumed to indicate overlapping neural populations. In the second procedure channel interaction is evaluated by measuring the loudness summation of stimuli presented simultaneously to two channels. The magnitude, distribution, and phasic components of the loudness summation are measures of interaction between channels. Data from two subjects suggests that monopolar stimulation produces broader interaction patterns than bipolar stimulation as a function of electrode separation. Considerable differences in the extent of channel interaction were observed between the two subjects, possibly because of the difference in the absolute current levels needed for equivalent sensation levels. PMID- 6689327 TI - Adrenergic influences on the spinal cardiovascular neurones. AB - In cervical spinal cord transected and bilaterally vagotomized dogs, intrathecal (i.t.) injection of clonidine decreased the resting heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) while isoprenaline increased the heart rate. The clonidine induced bradycardia and hypotension were antagonized by piperoxan pretreatment. Similarly, the isoprenaline induced tachycardia was antagonized by pretreatment (i.t.) with atenolol. Intrathecal atenolol per se decreased the heart rate and MAP while piperoxan had no effect. The post-coronary artery ligation cardiac arrhythmia, in the cervical spinal cord transected and bilaterally vagotomized dogs, was inhibited by clonidine, phenylephrine and methoxamine and facilitated by isoprenaline. beta-Adrenoreceptor antagonists propranolol, atenolol and acebutolol, given intrathecally, inhibited while piperoxan facilitated the cardiac arrhythmia. The clonidine and isoprenaline induced changes in the arrhythmia were antagonized by i.t. pretreatment with piperoxan and atenolol respectively. It appears that the alpha-adrenoreceptors are inhibitory while beta adrenoreceptors are facilitatory for spinal control of heart rate and blood pressure and for post-coronary artery ligation cardiac arrhythmia. PMID- 6689328 TI - Fluorometric determination of hypoxanthine and xanthine in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography using enzyme reactors. AB - A selective and sensitive assay of hypoxanthine and xanthine in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with immobilized-enzyme reactors was developed. The separations were achieved by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Hydrogen peroxide produced from hypoxanthine and xanthine by immobilized xanthine oxidase was determined fluorometrically using immobilized peroxidase and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Immobilized enzymes were prepared by intermolecular cross-linking to controlled-pore glass. Assay of allopurinol was also possible by the present method. The method was applied to serum and urine. The detection limits of hypoxanthine and xanthine were approximately 50 and 120 pg per injection, respectively. PMID- 6689329 TI - Worker participation in job safety and health. PMID- 6689330 TI - Comparative analysis of the pharmacokinetic techniques available for individualizing phenytoin dosage. AB - Over the past few years, numerous pharmacokinetic techniques based on Michaelis Menten principles have been proposed to individualize PHT dosage and predict plasma levels. The choice of one of these techniques for clinical use depends on the number of steady state concentration-versus-dose (Css-D) data pairs that are known in the patient for whom the predictive technique is to be applied. The most frequent clinical situations in which these predictions are made can be divided into three groups for each patient considered--Case A: only one previous Css-D data pair is known; Case B: two previous Css-D data pairs are known; Case C: three previous Css-D data pairs are known. Of the available techniques that can be applied in case A, we compared the population clearance (PC) method and the Bayesian feedback (BF) method. The procedure for comparing the predictive capabilities of these methods was very similar to that adopted in a recent report by Vozeh et al. Our findings showed that the PC method should be preferred for clinical use under this circumstance. Two predictive techniques suitable for use in Case B (BF and Mullen & Foster methods) were compared. In this case, the BF method was shown to be more accurate. As regards Case C, three pharmacokinetic techniques were compared: the Mullen and Foster method, the iterative least squares (ILS) technique, and the BF method. The ILS technique was found to be the most accurate in this case. Finally, we describe a programmable calculator procedure which uses the PC, BF or ILS methods in Cases A, B and C respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6689331 TI - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the adrenal gland. PMID- 6689332 TI - Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on plasma prolactin in patients with renal failure on regular dialysis treatment. AB - Basal plasma prolactin (PRL) has been measured in 6 patients with chronic renal failure 3 months before and at monthly intervals during a 3 months 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25 (OH)2-D] treatment. Plasma PRL decreased rapidly during, 1,25 (OH)2-D treatment, while it remained unchanged during the 3-months control period. There was no correlation between PRL and parathyroid hormone (PTH; measured either with carboxy- or amino-terminal assays) and several other parameters. A direct effect of 1,25 (OH)2-D on PRL secretion may exist. PMID- 6689333 TI - Effect of juvenile hormone analogues on Aedes caspius Pallas (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 6689334 TI - cDNA clones for Brassica napus seed storage proteins: evidence from nucleotide sequence analysis that both subunits of napin are cleaved from a precursor polypeptide. AB - Napins are a family of small, basic storage proteins synthesized in Brassica napus (rapeseed) embryos during seed maturation. Cultured embryos also synthesize napins but require exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) to maintain high accumulation rates. We synthesized cDNA from total RNA of embryos cultured on a medium containing ABA, and cloned it into the Pst1 site of pBR322. Two clones containing napin cDNA sequences selected by differential colony hybridization using [32P]cDNA probes from embryos grown with or without ABA were analyzed. These clones, pN1 (insert size = 583 bp) and pN2 (insert size = 739 bp), contained cDNA from two different napin mRNAs. The mRNAs to which they hybridized were found to encode a 21,000-dalton polypeptide that was immunoprecipitated by antibodies to mature napin (subunits of 9,000 and 4,000 daltons). The cDNA clones hybridized to an 850-base mRNA. Nucleotide sequencing demonstrated 95% homology between pN1 and pN2 cDNA inserts and predicted a precursor polypeptide of 178 amino acids, consistent with the 21,000 dalton in vitro translation product. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with published amino acid compositions of mature napin subunits suggests that both the large and the small subunits are present in one precursor polypeptide, and that other regions of the precursor are removed during processing. PMID- 6689335 TI - Comparison of bioavailability for phenytoin products prepared by wet granulation in normal subjects and epileptic patients. AB - A 20% phenytoin (PHT) plain mixture with excipients (20%PM) and three PHT products prepared by wet granulation, which are 20% fine granule (20%FG), 99% air dried fine granule (99%FG-A) and 99% freeze-dried fine granule (99%FG-F), were prepared. The extents of PHT absorption from these products and the Aleviatin Fine Granules (97%FG) prepared with microcrystalline PHT powder were compared with those from commercially available PHT powder (Aleviatin) and tablet (Hydantol Tablet 25 mg), which are of the Pharmacopoeia of Japan grade, in healthy adult volunteers. In single dose study, the extents of PHT absorption from the powder, 20%PM, 20FG, 99%FG-A, 99%FG-F, 97%FG and tablet were 89.7, 92.2, 99.0, 96.7, 99.1, 99.1 and 99.3%, respectively. The property of almost complete absorption of PHT from the product was shown in the 20%FG, 99%FG-F and 97%FG similar to the tablet. In multiple dose study, the minimum and the average estimated free concentrations of PHT at steady-state for 99%FG-F and 97%FG were nearly equal to those for the tablet, and were higher than those for the powder. In epileptic patients, the plasma PHT concentrations were increased when dosage form was changed from the powder to 99%FG-F. However, the plasma PHT concentrations were scarcely altered when dosage form was changed from the tablet to 99%FG-F. The change in dosage forms from the tablet to 99%FG-F and 97%FG or opposite direction can be done without causing toxicity in epileptic patients, so long as these products are used at the same amounts as PHT. PMID- 6689336 TI - Trypanosoma rhodesiense bloodstream trypomastigote and culture procyclic cell surface carbohydrates. AB - Bloodstream trypomastigote and culture procyclic (insect midgut) forms of a cloned T. rhodesiense variant (WRAT at 1) were tested for agglutination with the lectins concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin P (PP), soybean agglutinin (SBA), fucose binding protein (FBP), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and castor bean lectin (RCA). Fluorescence-microscopic localization of lectin binding to both formalin-fixed trypomastigotes and red cells was determined with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated Con A, SBA, FBP, WGA, RCA, PNA (peanut agglutinin), DBA (Dolichos bifloris), and UEA (Ulex europaeus) lectins. Electron microscopic localization of lectin binding sites on bloodstream trypomastigotes was accomplished by the Con A-horseradish peroxidase-diamino-benzidine (HRP-DAB) technique, and by a Con A-biotin/avidin-ferritin method. Trypomastigotes, isolated by centrifugation or filtration through DEAE-cellulose or thawed after cryopreservation, were agglutinated by the lectins Con A and PP with agglutination strength scored as Con A greater than PP. No agglutination was observed in control preparations or with the lectins WGA, FBA or SBA. Red cells were agglutinated by all the lectins tested. Formalin-fixed bloodstream trypomastigotes bound FITC-Con A and FITC-RCA but not FITC-WAG, -SBA, -PNA, -UEA or -DBA lectins. All FITC-labeled lectins bound to red cells. Con A receptors, visualized by Con A-HRP-DAB and Con A-biotin/avidin-ferritin techniques, were distributed uniformly on T. rhodesiense bloodstream forms. No lectin receptors were visualized on control preparations. Culture procyclics lacked a cell surface coat and were agglutinated by Con A and WGA but not RCA, SBA, PP and FBP. Procyclics were not agglutinated by lectins in the presence of competing sugar at 0.25 M.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6689337 TI - Ogilvie's syndrome. PMID- 6689338 TI - Colonoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of colonic pseudo-obstruction. PMID- 6689339 TI - Lymphoma of the female genital tract. PMID- 6689340 TI - The stability of the knee joint. PMID- 6689341 TI - [Thyroid echography in chronic autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis]. AB - All the patients committed in our laboratory for thyroid investigation underwent systematically a cervical echotomography. In a number of cases we stated a diffused microechoic character of the thyroid parenchyma. This character is present in most cases of Graves' disease, in a few cases of subacute thyroiditis spread to the whole gland and in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (LCT). 48 cases are reported here in which the microechoic character was evident and for which the diagnosis of Graves' disease or subacute thyroiditis were easily eliminated by biological and clinical arguments. In 31 cases, the diagnosis of LCT was clinically and biologically proved specially by significant levels of antithyroid antibodies. In the 17 other cases, the diagnosis of LCT was the most probably in spite of non sufficiently autoimmune proof. The diffused microechoic character of the thyroid parenchyma, even though it is non specific, appears thus a valuable sign in the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. PMID- 6689342 TI - [Lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Value of standard radiography. Apropos of a case]. AB - A new french observation of Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis of Liebow is reported. The case concerns a thirty-five old white woman presenting a cutaneous localisation and a severe pulmonary infection with acute febrile dyspnea and macronodular opacities in chest radiography. Ten months later, encephalic damage led to death. In this observation, the diagnosis is based on skin and chest biopsies showing the characteristic angiocentric and angiodestructive, lymphoreticular granulomatous disease, defined by Liebow. In our knowledge, 152 cases have been reported in North America (5), four cases in Great Britain. This observation is interesting by its rarity, its nosologic discussion it permits. PMID- 6689343 TI - A case of K cell deficiency with diabetes mellitus and Graves' disease. AB - The following immunological functions were studied in a case of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with Graves' disease: (1) Lymphocyte subpopulations, (2) mitogen response, (3) immunoglobulin producing cells by the plaque forming cell assay, (4) cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and (5) natural killer activity were normal. The patient lacked antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. No conclusion could be drawn as to whether effector cells mediating natural (NK cell) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (K cell) are identical or different. However, the existence of such a case strongly suggests that the K cell is distinct from the NK cell. To resolve the question of whether or not a loss of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity plays an important role in the development of diabetes mellitus and Graves' disease, further studies on a large number of cases are necessary. PMID- 6689344 TI - [Influence of MR-20, a urinary trypsin inhibitor, on the hemodynamics and the endocrine function of dogs during hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 6689345 TI - [Development of an online system for prescriptions]. PMID- 6689346 TI - Effects of angiotensin II and angiotensin III on prostacyclin release in man. PMID- 6689347 TI - [Clinical significance of serum thyroglobulin concentrations]. PMID- 6689348 TI - Effect of chronic metabolic acidosis on vitamin D metabolism in humans. AB - Bone disease may occur in disorders associated with chronic metabolic acidosis. This has been attributed, in part, to reduced production of 1,25(OH)2D3. Although metabolic acidosis in the vitamin D deficient animal has been associated with a reduction in the conversion of radiolabeled 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3, studies in D replete humans have revealed no effect of acidosis on 1,25(OH)2D3 metabolism. To examine this issue further, we measured serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, and 24,25(OH)2D levels in six healthy subjects before and after 9 days of metabolic acidosis induced by the ingestion of ammonium chloride. In four subjects, we measured the increment in serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D in response to the infusion of parathyroid extract both during control and acidosis. Serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D, 13.6 +/- 1.3 and 14.3 +/- 0.9 pg/ml, in control and acidosis, respectively, were not different. The serum 1,25(OH)2D levels in control and acidosis rose to a similar degree with the infusion of PTE. These data provide strong evidence that metabolic acidosis does not have a substantial impact on the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3 metabolism in vitamin D-replete humans. PMID- 6689349 TI - [The oculomotor muscles in Graves-Basedow disease in ultrasonic examination and computerized tomography]. PMID- 6689350 TI - [The ophthalmologist's role in the prevention of retrolental fibroplasia]. PMID- 6689351 TI - Gout and uric acid nephropathy: some new aspects in diagnosis and treatment. AB - It has been recognized that primary disorders of uric acid metabolism result from impaired renal excretion or increased endogenous production of uric acid. It has also been found that these two mechanisms do not comprise two distinct syndromes, but may each constitute a group of syndromes. Contrary to earlier as well as currently published reports we conclude from our clinical and experimental experience that the fraction of so-called over-producers is less than 1% of all patients with primary hyperuricaemia and gout. A procedure for the diagnosis of uric acid overproduction is suggested. The manifestation of hyperuricaemia and gout mainly depends on renal uric acid clearance and is greatly influenced by dietary habits in most of the patients. An impaired renal uric acid excretion results in an increased intestinal excretion; this partly compensates for the defect. Normalization of serum uric acid should be achieved by dietary regimens with or without additional drug treatment, but not by drug treatment alone. With drug treatment xanthine oxidase inhibitors are preferable to uricosurics; no other xanthine oxidase inhibitor besides Allopurinol has been in clinical trial, however. Due to the enhancement of uric acid clearance with uricosurics, there are groups of patients who should not be treated with these drugs. Fixed combinations of Allopurinol and uricosurics should not be used. Drugs which have uricosuric as well as other pharmacologic properties are under investigation. So far they have not reached general clinical application. PMID- 6689353 TI - Transversal resonator digital filters: fast and flexible online processors for biological signals. PMID- 6689352 TI - Microcomputer control of canine heart rate through chronotropic drug infusion. PMID- 6689354 TI - Program for the online analysis and display of neuronal activity. PMID- 6689355 TI - A comparison of the analgesic and gastrointestinal transit effects of [D-Pen2, L Cys5]enkephalin after intracerebroventricular and intrathecal administration to mice. AB - Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the highly delta selective peptide, [D-Pen2, L-Cys5]enkephalin (DPLCE) (1-10 micrograms), effectively inhibited gastrointestinal transit of an orally-given radiolabelled marker in mice. By contrast, the same doses did not affect marker transit after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration. I.c.v. or i.t. administration of the peptide effectively increased the latency to hindpaw lick using the 55 degrees C hot-plate as the nociceptive stimulus. Maximum analgesic effects were seen with 0.3 micrograms given i.t. or 10 micrograms given i.c.v. Time-response studies showed activity for as long as 20 min after administration by either route. The differential gastrointestinal effects of DPLCE after i.c.v. and i.t. administration to mice suggest that delta receptors in the brain may mediate analgesic but not gut effects while spinal cord receptors may be less functionally selective. PMID- 6689356 TI - Processing of prodynorphin at single and paired basic residues in porcine neurointermediate lobe. AB - The [Leu]enkephalin-containing peptides derived from prodynorphin have been quantitated in porcine neurointermediate lobe. Dynorphin-17, beta-neo-endorphin, [Leu]enkephalin, rimorphin and dynorphin-24 were found in highest concentrations (200-700 pmol/gm). No detectable amounts of the carboxyl terminal-extended rimorphin sequence (rimorphin 1-29) were observed, indicating that in addition to processing at paired basic residues, cleavage at the single Arg residue following rimorphin must be a major step in the processing of prodynorphin. Processing at Arg-Arg and/or Arg-Lys sequences to yield free [Leu]enkephalin also occurs to an appreciable extent in this tissue. PMID- 6689357 TI - Graded nephron mass reduction and renal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the rat. AB - The effect of graded nephron mass reduction by partial nephrectomy and the influence of parathyroid hormone and dietary phosphorus (P) on the production of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] were studied in vitamin D deficient rats. At 48 hours (acute experiments) or 2 weeks (chronic experiment) after partial nephrectomy, the rates of [3H]1,25(OH)2D production from [3H]25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) were measured in vivo. The production of 1,25(OH)2D decreased in proportion to the remaining nephron mass, and it was not greater in chronic experiments than in acute experiments at any level of nephron mass reduction. By contrast, plasma creatinine was elevated in 5 of 6 nephrectomized rats in acute, but not in chronic, experiments, suggesting the compensatory mechanism for renal excretory function but not for 1,25(OH)2D production. Further, at any level of nephron mass reduction, the production of this active metabolite was not greater in rats fed low P diet than those fed normal or high P diets. Thyroparathyroidectomy at 12 hours prior to a dose of [3H]-25)OHD suppressed 1,25(OH)2D production at any level of nephron mass reduction in rats fed normal or high P diet. These data suggest that in both experimental acute and chronic renal failure 1,25(OH)2D production is proportional to residual nephron mass and that parathyroid hormone may enhance the metabolism of 25OHD in renal failure and also may be critical for 1,25(OH)2D in normal or high P diet. PMID- 6689358 TI - The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on cartilage growth in neonatal mice. AB - The in vivo effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on cell proliferation, tissue organization and matrix mineralization have been studied in condylar cartilage of neonatal mice. A relatively low dose of the metabolite, 50 ng/kg body weight, significantly reduced the incorporation of [3H]thymidine as well as the number of chondroblasts. The cartilage as a whole underwent a marked derangement in its organization, as many fibroblastlike cells appeared to occupy the zone of progenitor cells. There was a high degree of correlation observed between the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 upon [3H]thymidine incorporation and the size of the condylar zone of chondroblasts. With increasing doses, enhanced mineralization was noted in the cartilaginous matrix, along with cartilage cell degeneration. These findings indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 possesses an inhibitory effect upon both the proliferative activity of prechondroblasts and upon the capacity of those cells to differentiate into chondroblasts. PMID- 6689359 TI - [Occupational asthma in food workers: study of 3 cases]. PMID- 6689361 TI - [Ileus following the use of loperamide (Imodium)]. PMID- 6689360 TI - [The effect of feeding methods and perinatal factors on the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia]. PMID- 6689362 TI - [Thyroid carcinoma in Basedow's disease previously treated with radioiodine therapy]. PMID- 6689364 TI - Consumer advertising of prescription drugs. PMID- 6689363 TI - High levels of neuropeptide Y in peripheral noradrenergic neurons in various mammals including man. AB - Using a highly specific radioimmunoassay for neuropeptide Y (NPY), levels in the peripheral nervous system of guinea-pig, cat, pig and man were measured. In all species very high levels (up to 800 pmol X g-1) were found in sympathetic ganglia and in tissues which receive a dense sympathetic innervation, such as vas deferens, heart atrium, blood vessels and spleen. By immunocytochemistry, NPY immunoreactive (-IR) principal ganglion cells in sympathetic ganglia and the pelvic plexus were also found to contain dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), strongly suggesting that the NPY-IR cells are noradrenergic. NPY- and DBH-IR nerves had a roughly parallel occurrence in the heart, spleen, kidney, respiratory and urogenitary tracts, around blood vessels and within visceral smooth muscle. Considerably more NPY-IR than DBH-IR nerve fibres were seen in the gastrointestinal tract from the oesophagus to the anal sphincter. In addition, NPY-IR local ganglion cells were observed in the submucous and myentric plexuses. NPY-like immunoreactivity was also observed in the adrenal medulla of guinea-pig and cat. NPY thus seems to be a major peptide in the sympathetic nervous system, supporting its proposed role in sympathetic neurotransmission. PMID- 6689365 TI - Measuring creativity through computer graphics of hearing-impaired children. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate variables affecting visual creativity of 31 hearing-impaired children through the medium of computer graphics. These children ranged in age from 8.0 to 15.9 yr. 16 subjects attended total-communication educational programs and 15 subjects attended aural/oral classes. Each subject worked independently at a computer terminal equipped with a graphics menu developed for a subject's use. Hardcopy printouts of four images per subject were evaluated for creativity, aesthetics, and imagery. Analysis suggested that creativity among hearing-impaired children is influenced by age and communication mode used in the educational setting. PMID- 6689366 TI - Synthesis and some pharmacological properties of a conformationally restricted imipramine analogue. AB - The synthesis of the semi-rigid imipramine analogue 2-(N,N dimethylaminomethylene)-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-quino[1,8-ab] [I]-benzazepine is described. The compound was pharmacologically evaluated in a number of general in vivo screening tests for antidepressive activity. From these preliminary tests the compound appeared to show an imipramine-like activity. However, it did not have an effect on the noradrenaline depletion by 4, alpha-dimethyl-m-tyramine. These results are discussed on the basis of the conformational requirements determining the pharmacological profile of antidepressants. PMID- 6689367 TI - Immobilization of xanthine oxidase to controlled pore-glass. Application to high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Immobilized xanthine oxidase (XO) was prepared by intermolecular cross-linking to controlled pore-glass using glutaraldehyde. The performance of enzyme reactors packed with the immobilized XO were considered theoretically and investigated experimentally. Using a post-column reactor packed with the immobilized XO, simultaneous determinations of hypoxanthine and xanthine by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography were achieved. PMID- 6689368 TI - Surfactant in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6689370 TI - Vascular effects of arginine-vasopressin, angiotensin and noradrenaline in adrenal insufficiency. PMID- 6689371 TI - [Comparative study on the toxicity of indomethacin and N-indomethacyloglycin]. PMID- 6689369 TI - Precursors of vasopressin and oxytocin. PMID- 6689372 TI - A computer program to assist persons with physical or visual impairments in notetaking. PMID- 6689374 TI - [Infectious mononucleosis without heterophilic antibodies and with spontaneously reversible acute agranulocytosis]. PMID- 6689373 TI - Early effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D on bone calcium in vitamin D-deficient rats. AB - The early effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25 (OH)2D] on calcium transfer in and out of the skeleton were studied in rats to determine whether mobilized bone calcium was reutilized during new bone mineralization. Vitamin-D deficient rats were labeled with 45calcium 10 to 14 days prior to treatment (experiment 1) or at the same time (experiment 2) they were injected with 0.125 microgram of 1,25 (OH)2D. Blood and bone samples were collected from 30 min to 24 h following 1,25 (OH)2D injection. Stable and radioactive calcium were determined in serum, and caudal vertebrae were subjected to histomorphometric and autoradiographic studies. In the rats of experiment 1, serum specific radioactivity peaked from 1 to 3 h after 1,25 (OH)2D injection, while there was no change in control rats receiving the vehicle alone. In the untreated vitamin D-deficient rats of experiment 2, the rate of 45calcium loss in serum was higher than normal but returned to normal after 1,25 (OH)2D injection. Serum calcium and osteoclast number remained initially unchanged, suggesting that 1,25 (OH)2D acted by increasing the efflux of calcium from bone and/or by stimulating the activity of existing osteoclasts. The rapid mobilization of 45calcium, accompanied by an increase in the extent of actively mineralizing surfaces, was followed by an increase in the extent of endosteal surface with osteoblasts and by specific incorporation of radioactive calcium at sites of new bone calcification. This study indicates that in vitamin D-deficient rats, the initial promotion of bone mineralization by 1,25 (OH)2D resulted in part from the rapid mobilization of calcium from old mineralized bone. PMID- 6689376 TI - A model for predicting hearing aid performance. AB - A major problem in selecting a hearing aid is the inability to determine quickly and accurately, from manufacturers' data, the output speech and noise levels over the frequency range of interest and for arbitrary positions of hearing aid controls. This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a model for a commercial hearing aid and the implementation of the model on a small desktop computer. With the model, output speech and noise levels can be predicted quickly and easily for any combination of control positions, even with the aid driven to saturation. The electroacoustic measurements required for development of the model and the schematic and mathematical models for the aid are presented. The validity of the model is demonstrated by comparing measured values of hearing aid gain, output noise levels, output speech levels and maximum output levels, with corresponding data from the computer model. PMID- 6689375 TI - [The rehabilitation program and the evaluation of the psychoacoustic results of our cochlear implant technic]. PMID- 6689377 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis of the mediastinum in childhood]. PMID- 6689378 TI - Role of genital mycoplasmas in nongonococcal urethritis and prostatitis. AB - The roles of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in the pathogenesis of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) remain controversial. Isolation and serologic studies and results of antibiotic therapy do not provide good evidence that M. hominis causes NGU. The results of some studies of therapy and of some experiments in which humans were inoculated with U. urealyticum indicate that this organism may cause some cases of NGU. However, U. urealyticum is ubiquitous and apparently nonpathogenic at other genital sites; thus there are serious difficulties in deciding its role in NGU. Chronic prostatitis is a poorly defined clinical entity. At present there is no convincing evidence that either M. hominis or U. urealyticum is involved in its pathogenesis. PMID- 6689379 TI - Mycoplasma hominis in nonspecific vaginitis. AB - The prevalence of nonspecific vaginitis was 24% among 98 randomly selected women examined at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases and 32% among 135 women with suspected cervicitis at the same clinic. Mycoplasma hominis was isolated more often and serum antibody levels to M. hominis were higher in women with nonspecific vaginitis than in women without nonspecific vaginitis. Similarly, the rate of isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis and the quantitative growth of G. vaginalis were higher for women with nonspecific vaginitis. Abnormal results of gasliquid chromatographic analysis of vaginal fluid and the presence of abnormal diamines in the vaginal fluid also were associated with nonspecific vaginitis and with the isolation of M. hominis, whether or not G. vaginalis was isolated. Further studies of the ecologic interactions among M. hominis, G. vaginalis, and anaerobes in nonspecific vaginitis are needed for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this syndrome. PMID- 6689380 TI - Mycoplasma hominis in cervicitis and endometritis. AB - The presence of serum IgG antibody to Mycoplasma hominis was studied by enzyme immunoassay in 150 women with suspected cervicitis at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Positive levels of antibody were associated with gravidity and parity but not with age, method of birth control, or sexual behavior. Women from whom M. hominis was isolated had higher antibody levels than those from whom M. hominis was not isolated, regardless of the presence or absence of mucopurulent cervicitis. In women with mucopurulent cervicitis, M. hominis did not interact synergistically with Chlamydia trachomatis to affect the severity of cervicitis or the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes on gram-stained cervical tissue. A striking association was found between plasma cell endometritis and the prevalence and level of serum antibody to M. hominis. Similarly, clinical findings suggesting endometritis were associated with the prevalence and level of this antibody. In contrast, endometritis was not associated with the isolation of M. hominis from the cervix, although it was associated with the isolation of C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Urethritis in male sexual partners of women with mucopurulent cervicitis was associated with the isolation of C. trachomatis but not of M. hominis from the women. PMID- 6689381 TI - Isolation of Mycoplasma hominis from genital ulcerations of patients in Eastern and Southern Africa. AB - In three separate surveys involving 413 patients in Mbabane (Swaziland), Nairobi (Kenya), and Carletonville (South Africa), Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from the base of ulcers in 41 (16%) of 251 men with genital ulcer disease. Antibodies to M. hominis were detected by indirect hemagglutination in 89 (51%) of 176 such patients. Of these male patients, 15% and 6% had indirect hemagglutinating antibodies at titers of greater than or equal to 160 and greater than or equal to 640, respectively. The rate of isolation of M. hominis and the results of serologic tests for antibodies to this organism were the same whether or not a cause of genital ulcer disease was identified. PMID- 6689382 TI - The association of Mycoplasma hominis with arthritis. AB - The facts that mycoplasmal arthritis occurs naturally in various animal species and can be induced experimentally have been the main reasons for searching for evidence of mycoplasmal infection in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There is, however, no evidence that Mycoplasma hominis is involved in this disease. On the other hand, M. hominis and other mycoplasmas, including Ureaplasma urealyticum, have been isolated from the arthritic joints of several hypogammaglobulinemic patients, and there is some evidence to indicate that the organisms are responsible for the disease. Furthermore, on rare occasions M. hominis has caused arthritis in mothers after childbirth. The relationship between this agent and sexually acquired reactive arthritis (SARA) has been the subject of recent investigation. Sera from 27 patients with nongonococcal urethritis and 25 patients with SARA, all tested previously for antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis, were examined by a metabolism-inhibition technique for antibody to M. hominis. Interpretation of the first tests was difficult because tetracyclines given to some of the patients caused their sera to inhibit metabolism. This problem was overcome by use of a tetracycline-resistant strain of M. hominis. Antibody was found in the sera of only a few patients and not in those of SARA patients whose disease was considered to be nonchlamydial. The initiating factor in nonchlamydial SARA therefore remains an enigma. PMID- 6689383 TI - A functional assay for protein C in human plasma. AB - We describe a functional assay for protein C in human plasma samples based on the ability of activated protein C to prolong the kaolin-cephalin activated partial thromboplastin time of normal plasma. Protein C is separated from its inhibitor by elution of a barium citrate precipitate, and activated by incubation with human alpha-thrombin for one hour. Thrombin is then inhibited by antithrombin III and heparin, heparin neutralized by protamine sulfate, and protein C activity measured in the partial thromboplastin time. 24 normal subjects had a mean protein C level of 94 +/- 12% (SD) of the activity in pooled normal plasma. Seven patients with severe liver disease had a mean protein C of 28%. Eleven patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation had a mean protein C of 29%. Eight patients receiving warfarin therapy had a mean protein C of 17%. The assay is relatively simple and should be suitable for general laboratory use. PMID- 6689384 TI - Acute treatment with pyrrolo(1,4)benzodiazepine antitumor antibiotics alters in vitro hepatic drug metabolizing activity in rats. AB - The pyrrolo(1,4)benzodiazepine antitumor antibiotic, anthramycin, shares a number of toxicities with the widely used anticancer agent adriamycin. We investigated whether acute doses of anthramycin and the structurally related compounds, sibiromycin and tomaymycin, would depress P-450-dependent drug biotransformations as has been reported for adriamycin. Alterations in drug metabolism rates were determined in rats using 50 and 75% of the approximate 7-day LD50 determined in mice. 4 days post dosing ethylmorphine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities in liver 9000 g supernatant were depressed from 26 to 76%. Tomaymycin lowered drug metabolism in a dose-related manner, while sibiromycin produced the greatest amount of depression. Like adriamycin, the pyrrolo(1,4)benzodiazepines possess the ability to depress hepatic drug metabolism and therefore may affect the disposition of compounds with which they are co-administered. PMID- 6689385 TI - Oral and pharyngeal cancer: combined approach for multimodal therapy. AB - Five-year results in 60 oral and pharyngeal cancer patients treated with combined approach chemoradiotherapy (39 patients) and chemoradiotherapy plus lymph node surgery (21 patients) are reported. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 16/39 (41%) patients treated with chemoradiotherapy alone, and in 16/21 (76%) patients who had chemoradiotherapy plus surgery. The number of CR was statistically (chi square test) higher (p less than 0.025) in the second group. The 5-year actuarial survival was 39.7% in the group of patients treated with chemoradiotherapy plus surgery. After 5 years 53% of the patients who reached CR are living free of disease in the first group and 76% in the second group. PMID- 6689386 TI - [Amebiasis as a sexually transmitted disease]. PMID- 6689387 TI - [Setting up and evaluating a microcomputer system for the continuous monitoring of hemodynamic parameters]. PMID- 6689388 TI - [Current stage of rehabilitation of totally deaf persons using cochlear implantation]. AB - Up to now the results obtained with the "Vienna Cochlear Implant" have been encouraging. All our patients achieved acoustic orientation, the majority improved in lipreading ability and many patients achieved a good standard of open speech understanding. Furthermore, our results show that implants can be worn over a long time without causing any side effects. PMID- 6689390 TI - Erythrocyte diaphorases DIA1 and DIA2 in bloodstains. AB - The ability to determine the phenotypes of erythrocyte NADH diaphorase (DIA1) was demonstrated in bloodstains, the utility of the system extending about two weeks. Electrophoretic variants representing three uncommon phenotypes (DIA1 2-1, DIA1 4 1 and DIA1 7-1) were found in five of 785 individuals tested. The NADPH diaphorase DIA2 isozymes could not be resolved sufficiently for practical use. PMID- 6689391 TI - [Rheumatism documentation--a uniform, modular documentation system for therapeutic studies in rheumatic diseases]. AB - Being progressive and also involving variations in the severity of symptoms, chronic rheumatic diseases present difficulties with respect to documentation. Since dramatic changes in the course of disease are rare, early detection of very slight changes is essential to successful antirheumatic therapy. Practical means of documentation are necessary if an overview of the various clinical findings and subjectively reported symptoms is to be maintained over a period of many years. This is especially true in the case of therapeutic studies. The documentation form should enable the recording of suitably grouped data on the various rheumatic diseases and modes of therapy. With governmental support (BMFT project MT 0289), a uniform documentation form, "Dokumentation Rheuma", was set up and tested at 14 hospitals for rheumatic diseases. The modular form chosen and the definition of items were well received by the clinicians. After several modifications, a modularly structured documentation system is now available, elements of which can be expanded according to the needs of the individual therapeutic study. The form can both constitute a part of the patient history and act as a link between different but parallel-running studies, thus making it unnecessary to record the same information twice for different purposes. At the same time, the data base can be used to answer scientific and epidemiological questions independent of the study in progress. PMID- 6689393 TI - [Microprocessing and radiologic or ultrasonographic studies: examples of programs and their applications]. PMID- 6689392 TI - [LVFUN: a program for the analysis and storage of ventriculographic and hemodynamic data]. PMID- 6689394 TI - [Acute hemodynamic effects of molsidomine in man]. AB - Molsidomine was administered sub-lingually to two groups of five patients. One group had normal left ventricular function and the other had abnormal left ventricular function. Molsidomine was found to induce a decrease in the left ventricular filling pressure and volume and an increase in ventricular distensibility. It helps reduce the pre-load on the ventricle and parietal rigidity. It also reduces systemic blood pressure and resistance as well as the parietal pressure and the total systolic load opposing ejection. It helps reduce the post-load and the metabolic requirements of the myocardium. It does not have any depressant action on the myocardium, even when the ventricular function was initially abnormal. The action of the molecule is apparent between the 20th and the 30th minute and is maximal at the 40th minute, which was the limit of the experiment. The tolerance of the product was excellent in these ten subjects. PMID- 6689389 TI - Long-term treatment of patients with coronary heart disease using isosorbide dinitrate, nifedipine and molsidomine. AB - 1. After initial acute administration of 20 or 60 mg ISDN, 2 mg molsidomine and 20 mg nifedipine, a clear effect on the circulation and an increase in work tolerance is detectable. 2. Following 4 weeks' treatment with 3 X 20 mg ISDN, there is no essential loss of action in the venous branch or with respect to working capacity. 3. After 4 weeks' treatment with 3 X 60 mg ISDN, the improvement in working capacity is partially retained, but the action on the venous branch is significantly poorer. 4. During 4 weeks' treatment with 3 X 20 mg nifedipine, there is no essential loss of action in the arterial or venous branches, or with respect to working capacity. 5. Our results with continuous high doses of ISDN indicate that high doses should be used only in monitored exceptions. PMID- 6689395 TI - [Hemodynamic and coronary effects of molsidomine in patients with stable coronary insufficiency in the basal state, during an atrial stimulation test and a cold test]. AB - The heart rate (HR), the cardiac output (Qc) and the coronary sinus flow rate (Qcs), the left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures (LVSP, LVEDP), the femoral artery pressure (FAP) and the difference between the coronary arterial and coronary venous oxygen tension (DAVcO2) were measured in patients with stable coronary insufficiency without cardiac failure, before and 40 to 60 minutes after 2 or 3 mg of molsidomine (M). In 20 patients, these measurements were made in the basal state, in spontaneous rhythm (SP). In 8 of these patient, (including 3 receiving beta-blockers) the measurements were made during an atrial stimulation test (ST) and in 8 other patients, all receiving long-term beta blocker therapy, the measurements were made during a cold test (CT). At the basal state in SR, a gradual reduction in the LVSP to 70% or less of its initial value was observed in the patients receiving 3 mg of M (2 of whom received beta-blocker treatment). The LVSP was immediately restored by vascular filling. In 16 patients, M decreased the LVSP, the LVEDP, the FAP, the Qc and the double product (DP = LVSP X HR). The DAVcO2 was unchanged. Qcs and MVO2 (MVO2 = Qcs X DAVcO2) were decreased. In the course of ST, the haemodynamic and coronary changes are similar to those seen in the basal state. During the Ct, the increase in the LVSP, FAP and DP was significantly reduced by M. The variations in Qcs and coronary resistance (FAP/Qcs) were also significantly different after M., with better metabolic regulation of the coronary circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6689396 TI - [Molsidomine in exertion angina]. AB - Molsidomine (M), a new anti-angina drug, was studied by stress tests in 50 cases of stable angina and clinically in 33 patients not controlled by beta-blockers. One hour after sublingual administration of 2 mg of M. to 10 patients, the work required to cause ST depression of 1 mm (WST1) was increased by 94 per cent (p less than 0.005), the total work was increased by 52 per cent (p less than 0.005) and the maximal ST depression (ST max) was reduced by 45 per cent (p less than 0.01). The resting heart rate was unchanged and the blood pressure dropped mildly. In 4 of the 10 patients with exertional angina even while taking beta blockers, the synergistic effect of M was remarkable. With a sublingual dose of 1 mg, the WST1 and the ST max are very significantly improved. The effect is even more marked at a dose of 2 mg. With a sublingual or oral of 2 mg, WST1 and ST max are very significantly improved at 1 hour and at 3 hours (p less than 0.005). Data from the literature show a significant anti-ischaemic effect until the 6th hour. In two series of 10 patients, 2 mg of M administered orally were compared to 20 mg of isosorbide dinitrate and to 10 mg of nifedipine at the 2nd hour. The WST1 and ST max were very significantly improved by all three drugs to a similar degree.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6689397 TI - [Molsidomine prevention of coronary artery spasm caused by alkalosis]. AB - A test provocation of coronary artery spasm by alkalosis was used to evaluate a possible anti-coronary artery spasm effect of molsidomine. The rapid infusion of an alkaline buffer followed by maximal voluntary hyperventilation in 10 patients with angina at rest led to the appearance of angina pain and significant, transient ischaemic changes of the ST segment, due to alkalosis induced coronary spasm. A second provocation test was performed under the same conditions, 24 hours later, after the prior administration of 4 mg of molsidomine. Molsidomine prevented the development of coronary artery spasm in 8 of the 10 patients in the study group. These preliminary results justify further clinical evaluation of molsidomine in the treatment of vasospastic angina. PMID- 6689398 TI - [Neonatal Basedow's disease with premature craniosynostosis and stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius]. AB - Newborn from mother with untreated Graves' disease, born with thyrotoxicosis and exophthalmia, treated with carbimazole from age 6 weeks. At age 8 months, persisting hyperthyroidism requiring the continuation of treatment, and premature craniosynostosis with dilatation of cerebral ventricles suggesting a stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius. PMID- 6689399 TI - Leumorphin is a novel endogenous opioid peptide derived from preproenkephalin B. AB - Using synthetic leumorphin, we obtained antisera for leumorphin and set up two radioimmunoassays (RIAs) with different specificities. Gel exclusion chromatography coupled with the two RIAs showed the existence of a considerable amount of leumorphin-like peptide in water extracts from porcine neuro intermediate pituitaries. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography revealed that leumorphin-like peptide in the water extracts was indistinguishable from synthetic leumorphin. These results along with potent opioid activity of leumorphin indicate that leumorphin is a novel endogenous opioid peptide derived from preproenkephalin B. PMID- 6689400 TI - [Dose-response relationship of intravenous administration of benzquinamide hydrochloride for suppression of cytostatic-induced emesis]. AB - Benzquinamide-HCl (Promecon), a new antiemetic agent, was applied as an intravenous infusion in different doses for prevention of cancer chemotherapy induced vomiting to 108 patients. All the patients chosen for this trial were treated with regimens containing cisplatin and/or doxorubicin. An antiemetic effect in 70% or more of the cases was noted in doses of 300-500 mg benzquinamide HCl per day. In conclusion, doses less than this range will not be successful for prevention of vomiting caused by cytotoxic drugs with a high emetic action. PMID- 6689401 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of piroxicam following oral and rectal administration]. PMID- 6689402 TI - Effects of a new hemostatic agent on blood coagulation. PMID- 6689403 TI - Data acquisition in neurophysiology. A flexible microcomputer system for recording neurophysiological data. AB - The advent of the microprocessor, and its incorporation in relatively low-cost microcomputer systems, offers a new range of possibilities for the recording of evoked and event-related potentials. A flexible system for recording evoked potentials, entitled DAN, has been developed using an Apple microcomputer. The main objective in developing DAN was to make it sufficiently flexible so that it could be used in both a research and a clinical environment for a wide range of responses, from the auditory brainstem to much slower cortical responses. A specific response can be selected from a standard range of evoked responses, or if a non-standard response is required, it is a simple matter to specify the response stimulus parameters, time duration and data sampling rate. This degree of versatility is achieved by designing a programmable audiometer, a special purpose hardware interface for the Apple and software to generate the stimulus and control the data-acquisition interface. The main hardware components of the DAN system are listed (a) Apple microcomputer operating under U.C.S.D. PASCAL operating system; (b) dual 5 1/4 inch floppy disk drives and controller; (c) Video monitor; (d) DAN data-acquisition interface; (3) programmable audiometer; (f) Epson MX-80 printer/plotter. Disk drive 1 of the dual drive set is used to store the PASCAL operating system and the DAN programs. Drive 2 is used to store the data. The data-acquisition interface and audiometer interface plug into slots in the Apple. The software includes routines to generate the stimulus and store it in the audiometer prior to the data-acquisition phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6689404 TI - Tumor penetration of AMSA in man. AB - 4'-(9-Acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide (AMSA) has shown significant antitumor activity against several murine tumors and leukemias. During its Phase I and II clinical trial, we were able to obtain tumors, plasma, and CSF specimens from patients who received varying doses of AMSA, as well as patients who received high doses and had autologous bone marrow rescue. The drug was analyzed chromatographically. The tumor to plasma drug concentration ratios ranged from 200% to 486%, apparently independent of dose and sampling time. Because AMSA was not detected in the CSF, the drug may not be effective in the treatment of meningeal metastasis. High-dose AMSA therapy with bone marrow rescue did not result in significantly higher AMSA concentrations in the tumor, nor did it elicit favorable response. PMID- 6689406 TI - Meniscofluoresis: an aid in determining prognosis of meniscal tears. PMID- 6689405 TI - Synthesis of methyl 3-O- and 2-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl) alpha D-galactopyranoside. AB - Condensation of methyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-galactopyranoside with 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-beta-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (1) in dichloromethane, in the presence of silver trifluoromethanesulfonate, 2,4,6 trimethylpyridine, and molecular sieves, afforded methyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O benzylidene-3-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalim ido- beta-D glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (4). Deacetalation of 4 in hot, 80% aqueous acetic acid gave methyl 2-O-benzoyl-3-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2 phthalimido- beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (5), which, on deacylation, followed by peracetylation, furnished the peracetylated disaccharide derivative (6). The structures of 5 and 6 were established by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. O-Deacetylation of 6 afforded the title beta-(1 leads to 3)-linked disaccharide 7. For the synthesis of the beta-(1 leads to 2)-linked isomer, methyl 3-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-galactopyranoside was similarly condensed with bromide 1 to give the fully protected disaccharide derivative (8). Cleavage of the benzylidene group of 8 gave methyl 3-O-benzoyl-2-O-(3,4,6- tri-O acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D- galactopyranoside (9). Deacetylation of 9, followed by peracetylation, afforded the peracetate (10). O-Deacetylation of 10 gave the beta-(1 leads to 2)-linked disaccharide (11). The structures of the disaccharides 7 and 11 were confirmed by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. PMID- 6689407 TI - [Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol]. PMID- 6689408 TI - [Diagnosis and management of Basedow's disease and thyroid cancer]. PMID- 6689409 TI - Consensus development summaries. Critical care medicine. National Institutes of Health. PMID- 6689410 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6689412 TI - Practical therapeutics: sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6689411 TI - Approach to the control of sexually transmitted diseases in developing countries. PMID- 6689413 TI - [Measurement of thyroidal iodine concentration by in vivo x-ray fluorescent analysis, with special reference to clinical usefulness of the method]. AB - With the purpose of evaluating the clinical usefulness of measuring thyroidal iodine concentrations and contents, a simple apparatus was designed and constructed for in vivo x-ray fluorescent analysis. The apparatus consists of an Am-241 exciting source(300 mCi) and pure Ge detector(50 mm2 X 5 mm) for measuring K alpha fluorescent x-rays(28.3 and 28.6 KeV) emitted from exited iodine. A diversing collimator was so designed that most of one lobe of the thyroid is within the field of view. Counting was usually continued for 4--5 minutes on each lobe to obtain the sensitivity of 0.2 mg/g allowing 30% coefficient of variation. Iodine concentrations measured in 34 resected normal thyroids at autopsy ranged from 0.19--1.34 mg/g with a mean of 0.53 mg/g(male 0.48 +/- 0.19 mg/g, female 0.60 +/- 0.32 mg/g m. +/- 1.s.d.). The results correlated well with the measurement of the same thyroids by activation analysis(r = 0.93). In vivo measurement was performed on healthy volunteers including 16 males and 14 females. Iodine concentrations measured on each lobe of the thyroid revealed 0.40 +/- 0.24 mg/g for males and 0.67 +/- 0.29 mg/g for females. Eighty-four measurements were performed on 80 patients with various thyroidal diseases. Iodine concentrations were low in chronic thyroiditis(0.06 +/- 0.13 mg/g) and sub acute thyroiditis(0.28 +/- 0.12 mg/g). Most patients with Graves' disease showed normal or low iodine concentrations (0.47 +/- 0.29 mg/g) regardless of status of treatments (pre-, under- or posttreatment) or thyroidal function. Twenty-one measurements were performed on 21 patients with nodular goiter. Nodule/Gland ratio of I-127 concentration was 0.78 +/- 0.47 in 17 patients with cold nodule, and it ranged from 1.2--1.9 in 4 patients with hot nodule. PMID- 6689414 TI - Quantitative measurement of retinal blood flow in human beings by application of digital image-processing methods to television fluorescein angiograms. AB - A method is presented that allows the quantitative determination of the blood flow in retinal arteries in human beings. Television fluorescein angiograms are used as input. This method does not need any gauge procedures since all the necessary information is taken from the image itself. Also, the patients' eye movements do not introduce errors because their influence is removed by the computer program. PMID- 6689415 TI - Influence of thyroid hormone on the phospholipid composition of lung tissue and surfactant of rats. AB - Thyroid hormone is an important regulator of lipid metabolism in vivo. The effect of thyroid hormone on the phospholipid composition of lung tissue and surfactant has been studied in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats in comparison with the control rats. Rats were made hyperthyroid by administering 1 mg of L-thyroxine/kg body weight for six days. Another group of rats was rendered hypothyroid by injecting 1 mci of Na I131 to each rat. Phosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and sphingomyclin, were estimated by thin layer chromatography. A decrease in phospholipids in hypothyroid and an increase in the hyperthyroid rats was observed. This can be attributed to the altered thyroid activity. PMID- 6689416 TI - Vitamin D compounds and renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 6689417 TI - Hemoglobin Chad [alpha 23 (B4) Glu replaced by Lys] discovered in a Japanese with questionable polycythemia. PMID- 6689419 TI - Basal and stimulated serum gastrin response to various Indian diets in duodenal ulcer patients. PMID- 6689418 TI - Vitamin A, D and E status in a Finnish population--a multivitamin study. AB - The serum concentrations of the three fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E, and the serum transport proteins for the first of these, were measured during the winter and summer in a healthy adult Finnish population. No statistically significant differences were found in the levels of vitamins A and E between the seasons. However, a marked seasonal variation was found in the levels of vitamin D metabolites, the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D being higher in summer, and that of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D somewhat higher in winter, whereas the concentration of vitamin D-binding globulin remained constant throughout. The serum concentrations of vitamins A and E showed a marked interrelationship with a significant correlation (r = 0.512, P less than 0.001, n = 80). No outright deficiencies of the vitamins were found in this study, but the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were rather low in winter. Supplementation with a moderate dose of vitamins A and E over a 2 month winter period did not affect the serum concentrations of these vitamins, whereas 250-500 i.u. of vitamin D daily markedly elevated the low 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. PMID- 6689420 TI - [Changes in pulmonary surface tension before and after extracorporeal circulation -experimental and clinical studies]. PMID- 6689421 TI - Single plate separation of lung phospholipids including disaturated phosphatidylcholine. AB - We have developed an improved thin-layer chromatographic method for separation of lung phospholipids. Individual phospholipids are completely separated in the first dimension. All phospholipids, except phosphatidylcholine, are then removed. The phosphatidylcholine-containing area is reacted with osmium tetroxide and saturated phosphatidylcholine species are separated from the unsaturated oxidation products by subsequent chromatography in the second dimension. This method should prove useful in studies on lung surfactant metabolism and secretion, in prediction of fetal lung maturity by analysis of amniotic fluid phospholipids, and in studies on surfactant obtained by bronchoscopy in adult lung diseases. PMID- 6689422 TI - Study on the comparability of 6 versus 12 cycles of adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil. PMID- 6689423 TI - Central nervous system involvement in American Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - Sixty-four patients with American Burkitt's lymphoma (AMBL) treated at the National Cancer Institute were reviewed to determine the frequency and characteristics of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Patients with minimal or completely resected tumor never had CNS disease. Of the 45 patients with more extensive disease, 15 had CNS disease: nine presented with CNS disease, six of whom subsequently had recurrent CNS disease, and six developed CNS disease only at relapse. There was a significant association between CNS and bone-marrow disease at presentation. Therapy of CNS disease consisted of short courses of intrathecal chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside and methotrexate. Cranial irradiation was given only to patients with CNS relapse. There are six long-term survivors (LTS) who have been disease free for four to six years post chemotherapy. Of these six LTS, three presented with CNS disease, two experienced isolated CNS relapse, and one had CNS disease both at presentation and at relapse. Three of the six LTS never received cranial irradiation. It is concluded that CNS involvement in AMBL can be effectively treated, and that long-term remission, which is probably cure, can be achieved. PMID- 6689424 TI - The treatment of stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease. AB - Sixty consecutive previously untreated adults with surgically confirmed stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease (39 stage IIIA1, 21 stage IIIA2) began therapy at St. Bartholomew's Hospital between 1969 and 1981. Prior to 1973, treatment consisted of total nodal irradiation (TNI). From 1973 until 1978 patients were randomly allocated to receive either TNI or cyclic combination chemotherapy of mustine, vinblastine, prednisolone, and procarbazine (MVPP) as part of a Medical Research Council Trial. Since 1978 treatment has been allocated according to substage, those with stage IIIA1 receiving TNI and those with stage IIIA2 receiving MVPP. Seven patients received "non protocol" therapy (extended mantle radiotherapy in three patients, mantle and MVPP in four patients), and have been excluded from the study. Complete remission was achieved in 48 of 53 patients regardless of substage or therapy. Seven have relapsed, one after MVPP and six after TNI. The predicted freedom-from-relapse after MVPP was 96% compared with 60% after TNI, both at 10 years (p less than 0.01). The relapse pattern was the same for both substages in the group receiving TNI. Although overall survival of patients receiving TNI was identical to that of those receiving MVPP, TNI must be considered inappropriate therapy for stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease if permanent freedom-from-recurrence is the goal. PMID- 6689425 TI - A dose and time response analysis of the treatment of Hodgkin's disease with MOPP chemotherapy. AB - A dose-response analysis of the results of MOPP chemotherapy in 132 patients with Hodgkin's disease was carried out. Complex statistical methods were utilized including 40 different dose-time variables and multivariate logistic analyses of 21 clinical variables, both simply and in stepwise regression. These covariates were not independent, and in stepwise regression analysis only B-symptoms and the mean three-cycle rate of drug delivery significantly influenced complete remission attainment. Two parameters, bone marrow involvement (negative) and lung involvement (positive), significantly influenced the duration of complete remission. Survival was influenced adversely by pleural involvement (effusion), advanced age, and B-symptoms. Analyses indicate that the dose of all three drugs (mustard, vincristine, and procarbazine), and the rate of drug delivery during the first three cycles are important in achieving maximal complete response rates, especially for patients with B-symptoms. PMID- 6689427 TI - Long-term remissions in lymphoblastic lymphoma. PMID- 6689426 TI - Combination chemotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: equivalence to external beam irradiation and implication for future management. AB - Chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin-C was administered to 17 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. The median survival for these patients was 8 months. With a multiaxial retrospective analysis, the overall survival of this study group appears to be least equivalent to that reported with 6,000 photon rad alone or of neutrons, and compares favorably to that achieved with combined 6,000 photo rad plus 5-fluorouracil. Of 15 relapses, only 4 had presented with evidence of disseminated disease. Based upon this analysis we recommend additional studies of combination chemotherapy with radiation therapy in future prospective randomized trials. PMID- 6689428 TI - Long-term results of the APO protocol (vincristine, doxorubicin [adriamycin], and prednisone) for treatment of mediastinal lymphoblastic lymphoma. AB - Twenty-one patients with biopsy-proven mediastinal lymphoblastic lymphoma were treated with the APO protocol (vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone). Treatment consisted of two years of therapy with a modified doxorubicin containing acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimen with preventive cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate. The median age in the group was 13 years (range, 2.5-22 years). Complete remission was obtained in 20 of 21 patients. Three patients required mediastinal irradiation for successful remission induction. Six patients have subsequently relapsed: two in the central nervous system, one in the central nervous system and testicle, one in the testicle, one in the pleura, and one in the abdomen. The median follow-up is six years (range, 16 months to 9.5 years) and a Kaplan-Meier estimate of disease-free survival at three years is 58% +/- 23% (2 SE). PMID- 6689429 TI - Persistent anthelmintic effect of ivermectin in cattle. AB - The persistent anthelmintic effect of ivermectin given subcutaneously at 200 mcg/kg was evaluated against induced infections of Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia spp. (C. pectinata and C. punctata), Bunostomum phlebotomum and Oesophagostomum radiatum in cattle. Forty-four Friesian bull calves raised under worm-free conditions were restrictively randomized to one untreated control group and 3 ivermectin treated groups of equal size according to mass. Animals in the different treated groups were treated either 9, 7 or 5 d before infestation, which was induced in all animals on the same day. The results are presented as percentage reduction and Non Parametric claims. Nine days after treatment the effect of ivermectin was virtually undiminished against O. ostertagi and B. phlebotomum and 7 d after treatment against Cooperia spp. Counts of all worms were reduced by 99% or more following the treatment given 5 d before infection. According to the Non Parametric Method, "A" claims (i.e. 80% effective in 80% of the treated animals) were achieved against all 5 worms up to 7 d after treatment and against O. ostertagi and B. phlebotomum up to 9 d after treatment. PMID- 6689430 TI - The efficacy of ivermectin against helminth and arthropod parasites of impala. AB - The efficacy of ivermectin, injected subcutaneously at a dosage rate of 200 mcg/kg live mass, was determined against nematodes, ixodid ticks and lice infestations acquired by free-living impala, Aepyceros melampus, in the Kruger National Park. Although the parasite burdens of the untreated control animals varied considerably, ivermectin appeared to be highly effective against 7 nematode species and effective against 3 others. Of the 4 tick species recovered, only Boophilus decoloratus appeared to have been affected. In the case of the lice infestations, ivermectin was highly effective against 3 species of Linognathus, but ineffective against the 2 Damalinia species present. PMID- 6689431 TI - Effects of antithyroid drugs on lymphocyte proliferative responses to lectins: relationship between insulin autoimmune syndrome and methimazole. AB - Using peripheral blood lymphocytes from 8 healthy individuals and 5 patients with untreated Graves' disease, direct effects of methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) on lectin-induced lymphocyte proliferative response were studied. Lymphocytes were cultured for 72 hr in the presence of lectins and antithyroid drugs. Lymphocyte DNA synthesis was counted by incorporation of 3H thymidine. MMI at 1,000 microM enhanced lectin-induced lymphoproliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from both patients with Graves' disease and healthy individuals, at every point of culture time, while PTU showed a tendency toward suppression. These results suggest that this lympho-stimulation by MMI may be a causative factor related to insulin autoimmune syndrome, as deduced from the clinical reports that insulin autoimmune syndrome is, sometimes, found in patients with Graves' disease treated with MMI. This lympho-stimulation was evident regardless of the time of MMI addition, thus indicating that MMI is, by its action, a lymphoid stimulator and may lead to the insulin autoimmune syndrome in predisposed subjects with underlying Graves' disease. PMID- 6689433 TI - [KM 2210 therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia]. AB - Two previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were treated with KM 2210 50 mg/day orally for 30 and 14 days, respectively. They showed good responses: One achieved complete, the other partial, remission. Toxicity was not observed in either patient. KM 2210 was thought to be an effective drug for CLL. PMID- 6689432 TI - [Beta-blocker for Basedow's disease]. PMID- 6689434 TI - [All-purpose data base management system (HDM) with statistical analytic functions and its expansive medical application]. PMID- 6689435 TI - Neonatal gastric perforations; a diagnostic clue in pre-perforative phase. AB - This paper is a retrospective analysis of the pre-perforative clinical picture in twenty-seven neonates with gastric perforations. In fifteen there was a remarkably consistent progressive pattern in the preperforative clinical course. We separated the clinical course of the disease into three distinct stages in relation to pathological changes in the gastric wall i.e. gastric ischemia and dysfunction, transmural peritonitis and paralytic ileus, and actual perforation. Emphasis was placed on the existance of a clinically detectable pre-perforative phase which, if interpreted correctly, should lead to earlier diagnosis and consequently more satisfactory therapeutic results. PMID- 6689436 TI - [Differentiated volume of thyroid gland resection in toxic goiter patients]. PMID- 6689437 TI - [Preparation and surgical treatment of thyrotoxic goiter patients]. PMID- 6689438 TI - [Clinical use of benzofurocaine for local and conduction anesthesia in general and microsurgical procedures]. PMID- 6689439 TI - [Malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland associated with Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis]. PMID- 6689440 TI - Effects of pirenzepine (Gastrozepin) on skeletal muscle contractility. AB - The effects of pirenzepine (Gastrozepin), a new anti-ulcer drug, on skeletal muscle contractility and on neuromuscular transmission have been examined in some experimental models in vitro and in vivo. Pirenzepine (5-500 micrograms/ml) inhibited agonist-(acetylcholine-, carbachol- or nicotine-) induced contractions of the toad isolated rectus abdominis muscle, and depressed electrically provoked twitches of the rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm muscle preparation in vitro. Pirenzepine (5-25 mg/kg i.v.) also depressed indirect electrical stimulation evoked twitches of the cat tibialis anterior and soleus muscle preparations in vivo. The neuromuscular blockade elicited by the anti-ulcer drug was not reversed by physostigmine, which reversed the depressant effects of d-tubocurarine on the electrically induced muscle twitches. Pirenzepine potentiated the depressant effects of d-tubocurarine on electrically evoked twitches of all skeletal muscles examined, and caused 'recurarisation' of partially curarised muscles. While the clinical significance of the neuromuscular blockade produced by the anti-ulcer agent is highlighted, it is concluded that the mechanism of skeletal muscle paralysing action of pirenzepine still remains speculative. PMID- 6689441 TI - Intrathecal administration of tetanus antiserum. PMID- 6689442 TI - Neuropeptide Y: cerebrovascular innervation and vasomotor effects in the cat. AB - Avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) has been proposed to be a neurotransmitter in a subpopulation of sympathetic nerves. Here, we present immunocytochemical and pharmacological evidence that the structurally related peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), is likely to be the biologically active material in these nerves. Cerebral arteries from cats are invested with a dense network of NPY-containing nerve fibres, as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. This immunoreaction is abolished by prior removal of the superior cervical ganglion. NPY causes strong contractions of cerebral arteries in vitro whereas APP has small effects on the vasomotor reactivity. The NPY-induced contractions were not inhibited by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist rauwolscine (10(-7) M) or the 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist ketanserin (10(-7) M). The contractions were, however, sensitive to calcium removal or to the calcium antagonist diltiazem (10(-4) M). PMID- 6689443 TI - Serum calcitonin in hyperthyroidism. AB - The mineral content of the radius was found to be lower in thyrotoxic than in euthyroid women, particularly in the case of elevated serum triiodothyronine levels. On examining the hormones influencing bone metabolism, the basal serum calcitonin level of thyrotoxic patients was identical with that of the controls. The Ca and calcitonin responses to i.v. Ca loading (3.64 mg CaCl2/kg/3 min) were identical in the euthyroid and hyperthyroid subjects. The results suggest that the calcitonin reserves in Graves' disease are normal and that the bone abnormalities typical of this disease are unrelated to any change in calcitonin secretion. The serum calcitonin levels of patients with subacute thyroiditis were identical with those of the controls. An acute fall in the serum calcitonin level occurred in hyperthyroidism, after radioiodine therapy a finding which might be connected with the high radiosensitivity of the parafollicular cells and with a consecutive impairment of calcitonin production. PMID- 6689444 TI - Effect of 131I therapy on serum calcitonin levels in patients with Graves' disease. AB - In a group of patients suffering from Graves' disease a transitory fall of serum calcitonin levels and an increase of triiodothyronine concentrations could be detected after 131I therapy. The transient decrease of the calcitonin values might be related to the high radiosensitivity of the parafollicular cells and to a consecutive impairment of calcitonin production, while the rise of triiodothyronine secretion could be explained by the radiation-induced destruction of the thyroid gland. The drop of serum calcitonin levels lasted for a short period only and did not affect serum Ca concentrations, thus the assumption is highly improbable that the temporarily altered calcitonin secretion involves late consequences for the skeletal system after 131I therapy. PMID- 6689445 TI - Effects of dietary protein level and ascorbic acid supplementation on the contents of tyrosine metabolites in droppings and plasma of chicks fed a diet containing excess tyrosine. AB - A study on chickens was conducted to investigate whether or not: a) excess dietary tyrosine increases the content of tyrosine metabolites in plasma and excreta, b) these elevations of tyrosine metabolites are presented by increasing dietary protein level or supplementing with ascorbic acid (AA), and c) urine is a major excretory route of tyrosine metabolites. Chicks fed a 10% protein diet with excess tyrosine developed external foot lesions accompanied by retarded growth and depressed feed intake. These adverse effects were alleviated by elevating dietary protein level or supplementing with AA. Excreta and plasma of chicks fed the 10% protein diet contained small or undetectable amounts of free tyrosine, 4 hydroxyphenylpyruvate (4-HPP), 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (4-HPL), and 4 hydroxyphenylacetate (4-HPA), while these metabolites were markedly increased by the addition of excess tyrosine to the 10% protein diet. From the results with colostomized cocks, the major source of 4-HPP, 4-HPL, and 4-HPA excreted by chicks fed a tyrosine excess diet was considered more likely to be of urinary than fecal origin. Elevated contents of tyrosine and its metabolites in plasma were partially counteracted by increasing dietary protein level or AA supplementation. In excreta, elevated contents of tyrosine and its metabolites caused by excess tyrosine were reduced by increasing dietary protein level and supplementing with AA when expressed in the proportion of tyrosine intake. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of increased dietary protein level and supplementation with AA are related to enhanced ability of chicks to degrade excessively ingested tyrosine. PMID- 6689446 TI - Effect of urea on the activity of certain ophthalmic drugs in man. AB - The role displayed by urea (2-10%) solutions, on the miotic and mydriatic activities of pilocarpine hydrochloride and homatropine hydrobromide respectively, was investigated on the human eye. At different concentrations, urea exerts no effect on the miotic activity of pilocarpine, whereas in the case of homatropine a negative effect is experienced. For the parameters, area under pupil diameter--time curve (AUC) and maximum pupillary response (MPR), a linear relationship exists between response to homatropine and urea concentration. However, the dependency is more pronounced in conjunction with the MPR parameter. PMID- 6689447 TI - [The texture and properties of sulfaethidol tablets]. AB - Scanning-electron-microscopic and X-ray diffractometric studies on the effect of the pressing power on the physical parameters of compressed tablets and on the texture of tablets containing sulfaethidol as the active principle, have shown that the crystal structure remains unchanged. The alterations observed in the physical parameters can be explained on the basis of present knowledge of the texture. PMID- 6689448 TI - [Computer program for myocardial thallium scintigraphy with reference to spatial distribution and temporal wash-out kinetics with automatic delivery of results]. PMID- 6689449 TI - [Mycotic aneurysms of the intrapulmonary arteries: unusual manifestation of right sided endocarditis]. AB - We report the case of a 27 year old man admitted to hospital for investigation of radiological opacities of recent origin. A diagnosis of mycotic aneurysms was made on a surgical biopsy. Although a right sided endocarditis could not be detected clinically, a trial of antibiotic therapy was instituted. However, no improvement occurred. The patient died, following a massive pulmonary haemorrhage. The necropsy revealed an active right sided endocarditis with multiple aneurysms of the intra-pulmonary arteries. PMID- 6689450 TI - [Enlarged oculomotor muscles and oculomotor deficiencies]. PMID- 6689451 TI - [Current status of chemoprophylaxis in bacterial diseases]. PMID- 6689453 TI - Software analysis of 20 MHz pulsed Doppler quadrature data. AB - A computer software procedure for processing quadrature data obtained from a 20 MHz pulsed Doppler system is described and the quality of results obtained is illustrated. The system is implemented on a standard laboratory minicomputer system. Software flexibility expands use of this high resolution device for measuring blood velocity to larger vessels than previously demonstrated. Techniques for dealing with high frequency aliasing, time delays, digital filtering and sampling intervals are included. PMID- 6689452 TI - Is it necessary to regraduate milk after acute gastroenteritis in children? AB - To assess the best possible method of reintroducing milk in children suffering from acute gastroenteritis, 150 children (76 males and 74 females) admitted with acute gastroenteritis were allocated to one of three regimens: a. clear fluids initially, followed by increasing strengths of milk, in quarter strength steps; b. clear fluids initially and then reintroducing full strength milk; c. regimen of continuing full strength milk. There was no difference between the three groups in the outcome or in the length of stay in the hospital, but those who were continued on full strength milk gained more weight. The weight gain did not attain statistical significance; it is our impression on clinical grounds that this weight gain may be important in the malnourished infant who is more prone to enteritis. PMID- 6689454 TI - [Use of gelvisol in the preparation of patients with toxic goiter for surgery]. AB - Results of the application of gelvisol in 74 patients with toxic goiter enabled the author to recommend the drug to be included in the preoperative preparing of the patients along with other usual medication. The effect of gelvisol caused quicker normalization of functions of main organs and systems. PMID- 6689456 TI - Persistence of the anthelmintic activity of ivermectin in calves. PMID- 6689457 TI - [Electrophoresis of drugs in the complex treatment of patients with the glossalgia syndrome]. PMID- 6689455 TI - [Peridural morphine analgesia]. AB - Results of peridural morphine analgesia in 122 patients after operation were analysed. The duration of analgesia was established to be longer in this case and to improve the course of the postoperative period. Side effects of morphine (nausea, vomiting, skin itch) were noted in 6% of the cases. PMID- 6689458 TI - [Herpes simplex infection as a sexually transmitted disease]. AB - Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV-)infection is a disease of growing importance in sexually transmitted diseases. It is the most common cause of genital ulcerations throughout the industrialized nations. It is caused by either herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2. Genital herpes displays variable clinical manifestations in a primary or recurrent form. Various seroepidemiologic studies suggest that asymptomatic infection is common. Primary infection causes severe genital lesions and has a relatively high incidence of neurologic and extragenital manifestations. Recurrent episodes are, in contrast, of much milder expression. To exclude the diagnosis of other possible causes of genital ulcers, laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis of genital HSV-infections has to be established, before antiviral therapy is introduced. HSV can be cultivated in cell culture. Rapid diagnostic techniques such as immunofluorescence, cytologic examination and electronmicroscopy are also available. The most promising antiviral drug seems to be acyclovir. It is effective in reducing some of the manifestations of genital HSV infections. However, the most important problems like the prevention of recurrent infections in patients with genital herpes and the transmission of the disease to newborns or to sexual partners, have not yet been solved. PMID- 6689459 TI - [Results of polychemotherapy (a VMCP/VCAP program) in multiple myeloma]. AB - 62 patients with multiple myeloma were primarily treated with the combination vincristin + melphalan + cyclophosphamide + prednisolone (VMCP). In therapy failures and relapses, respectively, vincristin + cyclophosphamide + adriamycin + prednisolone (VCAP) were administered. Under primary treatment with VMCP in 28 patients (45%) remissions were obtained, in 22 patients (36%) incomplete remissions and 12 patients (19%) were estimated as therapy failures. The secondary application of VCAP increased the total number of the remissions to 32 (52%). Incomplete remissions and therapy failures more frequently appeared in the clinical stage III and in undifferentiated myelomas. The median survival time of the total group was 46 months. With more than 60 months patients with remission showed significantly larger median survival times than those ones with incomplete remission (14.5 months) and therapy failures (6 months), respectively. PMID- 6689460 TI - Ultrastructural characteristic of the teleostean muscle fibers and their nerve endings. The stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). AB - In myotome of the stickleback four muscle fibers types were distinguished. These comprised tonic, intermediate thin, intermediate thick and white muscle fibers. All the distinguished fibers varied in regard to ultrastructural organization of their sarcomeres, T systems location and myoneural junction. The sarcomeres of both intermediate and white muscle fibers contained all the three classes of myosin filaments: 12 nm, 19 nm and 25 nm in diameters. However, the sarcomeres of tonic muscle fiber are built of the 25 nm thick myosin filaments only. The nerve endings attached to the particular fibers varied also in composition of the synaptic vesicles classes which they contained. PMID- 6689461 TI - Ochratoxin A producing aspergilles in foodstuffs in the CSSR. AB - In connection with investigations of an occurence of potential mycotoxin producing moulds in the foodstuffs of the Czechoslovak Socialistic Republic the authors have followed the occurence of A. ochraceus strains in them and the ability of isolated strains to produce ochratoxin A in vitro. From 14708g of different kinds of foodstuffs and from 6757 on surface sterilized cereal and maize grains of Central European origin A. ochraceus have been isolated only 27 times, from 492g of foodstuffs and 8430 on surface sterilized green coffee beans imported from the tropical and subtropical countries 917-times. 11 (36.6%) from 30 tested strains, isolated from imported foodstuffs and coffee beans were producers of ochratoxin A in vitro, not a single strain of 20 tested strains from foodstuffs of domestic origin didn't produce ochratoxin A. On the basis of the obtained results the authors come to the conclusion, that in the foodstuffs of Central European origin the ochratoxin A producing A. ochraceus strains don't play probably an active role. PMID- 6689462 TI - [Suitability of current selective media for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus in food]. AB - Three solid media (Baird-Parker-Agar (BP), BP with pig plasma instead of egg-yolk (BPP) and modified BP according to Devriese (BPA) as well as three liquid media (Brain-Heart-Infusion with 7.5% NaCl (BHIS), Liquid Baird-Parker-Medium (LBP) and Giolitti-Cantoni-Medium) were tested with regard to their suitability for the detection of Staph. aureus in foods. The following criteria were assessed: productivity for vital and thermally stressed Staph. aureus; selectivity against undesired microorganisms; practicality in routine examination. The microorganisms used in these studies were: Staph. aureus (vital and thermally stressed), "non aureus" staphylococci, Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp., Bacillus spp. Using vital strains of Staph. aureus no significant differences in the productivity of the three solid media could be observed. On the other hand BPA showed a remarkable lower productivity than BP and BPP when thermally stressed cultures of Staph. aureus were examined. LBP was the most productive liquid enrichment medium. The selectivity of BPA was distinctly superior to BP and BPP, whereas no differences could be observed between the latter ones. The selectivity of LBP and GC against coagulase negative staphylococci and gramnegative microorganisms tested was relatively poor. Each culture under examination grew in BHIS. The combination of LBP and BPA yielded better results for enumeration of thermally stressed Staph. aureus from dried milk products than the other possible combinations of media. In view of their practicality dehydrated culture media are commonly preferred in routine examination. The additional time required for the preparation of LBP or BPA (which are not commercially available as dehydrated media) is negligible and is compensated by better productivity and selectivity of these media. At present BPP is not recommendable due to the problems in providing pig plasma. On the other hand this medium has the great advantage that further testing of suspicious colonies is not necessary as it is in the case of BP and BPA. PMID- 6689463 TI - The cervical factor of sterility: clinical and diagnostic problems. PMID- 6689464 TI - Effects of parathyroidectomy and vitamin D on fracture healing. Fracture biomechanics in rats after parathyroidectomy and treatment with 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. AB - Fracture healing was studied in male, adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Closed bilateral tibial fractures were observed to be clinically stable after 3 weeks. Parathyroidectomy (PTX) resulted in impaired fracture healing and several delayed unions. Fracture tensile strength, elastic stiffness and failure energy were significantly lower at the beginning of the healing period compared to that of control fracture rats. Treatment with low doses (60 ng/kg/day) of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) increased early fracture bone formation and mineralization. However, these events did not result in a corresponding increase of tensile strength or failure energy compared with that of the controls. Increased bone turnover seemed to be the dominant characteristic and resulted in early resorption of periosteal callus. Toward the end of the healing period, fracture strength measured as tensile strength and failure energy actually decreased compared to that of the control rats. Elastic stiffness initially rose above control values due to increased mineralization, but declined later to control values. PMID- 6689465 TI - Incorporation of acylated wheat germ agglutinin into liposomes. AB - Purified wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was derivatized with palmitic acid at an average stoichiometry of one fatty acid per dinner. Palmitoyl WGA was readily incorporated into liposomes with a cholate-dialysis method. Liposome-bound WGA caused agglutination of red blood cells at a concentration eight-fold lower than that of the native lectin. Furthermore, enhanced binding of liposome-bound WGA to mouse spleen cells was also observed. Potential applications of the liposome bound lectin are discussed. PMID- 6689466 TI - [Anesthesia and postoperative analgesia by means of subdural and subarachnoid morphine administration]. PMID- 6689467 TI - [Side effects of 2 water-soluble contrast media used in myelography]. PMID- 6689468 TI - Wheat germ agglutinin binding to cells derived from in vivo grown solid tumors. AB - Binding of Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) to cell suspensions derived from in vivo grown solid rat tumors of independent origin and of different metastatic potential has been examined, and results compared with previous work in other systems. The assay used to assess binding was based on the reaction of iodine 125 labelled lectin to tumor cells in suspension and values expressed as per cent of values of a cell line used as internal standard. Inhibition studies showed that WGA binding was principally to sialic acid and/or N-acetyl glucosamine residues. Binding parameters Bmax (maximal binding) and Kd (affinity of binding), derived from Woolf plots and expressed as per cent of internal standard cell line, were found for rat tumors Mc7, Mc40A, Sp24 and Walker 256. It was observed that cell suspensions derived from the metastatic and most tumorigenic tumor, Walker 256, exhibited a different pattern of lectin binding to the other non-metastatic and less tumorigenic tumors; in particular, Kd values were lower. These results are in accord with work using cell lines selected in vitro and are further evidence for a correlation between the density and/or configuration of cell surface sialic acid residues and metastatic potential. PMID- 6689469 TI - Lectin resistance and lectin binding in a rat adenocarcinoma. AB - Cell cultures from the R3230 AC rat mammary adenocarcinoma, when injected i.v. into F 344 rats, invariably produce multiple lung foci within 10 days. We compared the colonization potential of cultures exposed to 100 micrograms/ml medium of both Concanavalin A and Wheat Germ Agglutinin for 5 passages with the original cell line. All cell lines retained their ability to bind both lectins and to grow after subcutaneous implant; however, the lectin resistant after subcutaneous implant; however, the lectin resistant variant was found to have completely lost its capacity to nidate in the lung. PMID- 6689470 TI - Immunological profile in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - In 51 cases with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and in 25 healthy subjects, immunological state was determined by resorting to values of the following parameters of nonspecific immunity: the levels of G, A and M immunoglobulins, antistreptolysins, complement, T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and the skin test with recall antigens. The values were expressed according to the points system of Nagel et al. The results of studies revealed that in all but one case the values were lower than in controls. Also certain differences in immunological profile between respective lymphoma types were observed. PMID- 6689471 TI - [The endocrine system and immunity]. AB - The studies using antinuclear and antideoxyribonucleoprotein immunoglobulins of the G class from hormone-producing cells against specific structures of the adrenals, thyroid gland, and thymus exerting an selective organ-specific effect and an immunomodulator thymaline (a thymus factor) in the structural-functional analysis revealed previously unknown mechanisms of interaction of the endocrine system and immunogenesis organs. These data may facilitate the elucidation of the mechanisms of levelling of disturbed homeostatis. PMID- 6689472 TI - Late effects of therapy in children previously treated for leukaemia or malignant tumour. AB - The late sequelae of leukaemia and tumour therapy are discussed. The most important and/or the most frequent are neuro-psychologic disturbances, deformities of the bones, the decreased reproduction capacity and the second tumours. Because of the rapidly growing number of cured patients a better knowledge of the occurrence, aetiology, prophylaxis and rehabilitation of these changes is needed. PMID- 6689473 TI - [Computer bank of amino acid sequences of protein hormones. Comparative analysis of the sequences in pro-opio-melanocortin, proenkephalin and prodynorphin: detection of phorphin--the 4th repeating peptide in prodynorphin]. AB - Using a BESM-6 computer, a computer system for accumulation and comparative analysis of amino acid sequences (AS) of protein-peptide hormones and their precursors (the so-called computer bank of protein hormone AS) was developed. A Fortran-based program designed for construction of correspondence schemes of AS and their local similarity profiles was elaborated. In combination with the previous programs this system allows a rapid inclusion of the newly deciphered sequences into the corresponding homologous groups, thus complementing the correspondence scheme and specifying the evolution profiles. A comparative analysis of AS in proopiomelanocortin (POMC), proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDIN) revealed evolutionary-conservative and variable sites. The conservative sites of AS are active centers of the hormones. The leu-enkephalin analog, phorphin, the fourth repeating peptide of this precursor, was detected in prodynorphin, which, similar to beta-neo-endorphin, dynorphin and rimorphin may possess a biological activity. The similarity of the effector sites of the melanotropin sequence from POMC to the met-enkephalin sequence from PENK and leu enkephalin sequence from PDIN as well as to gastrin and cholecystokinin was established. This may suggest that the hormone-receptor complexes in target organs of these hormones are also similar. PMID- 6689474 TI - A stochastic catch-effort method for estimating animal abundance. AB - A method for estimating the size of a heavily exploited animal population from catch data and relative-harvest-effort data is presented. The method assumes a competing-risk model of adult deaths and captures that is similar to the hazard regression model of Cox (1972, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 34, 187-220). This model avoids making any assumptions about birth rates or juvenile mortality rates, and allows the user to incorporate an arbitrary number of time-dependent covariates into the natural and catch hazard functions. Estimates of the population's size, together with asymptotic error bounds and predictions of subsequent catches, are derived from maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of the model. A simulation study is presented which indicates that this method is far more accurate than previously available catch-effort techniques. The method is illustrated with some fisheries data. A series of models is fitted to the data with the objective of improving the goodness of fit while maintaining biologic plausibility of the model. In this example a 68% reduction in the mean sum of squares for error is obtained and the accuracy of future catch predictions is greatly improved. This method is particularly appropriate for estimating the sizes of commercially exploited aquatic populations whose sizes are too large to make mark-recapture techniques feasible, and which are not amenable to line-transect techniques. PMID- 6689475 TI - Prognostic factors in primary breast cancer. AB - Estrogen receptor (ER) has been well documented as an important predictor of long disease-free intervals and survival for patients with primary breast cancer (1). In advanced breast cancer it has been hypothesized that the presence of progesterone receptor (PR) might be a more sensitive marker for predicting response to endocrine therapy (2, 3). We have recently found that PR was more important than ER in predicting disease-free survival for a group of patients with stage-II breast disease that was treated according to a randomized protocol (Clark et al., submitted for publication). This report examines the generality of that result by extending our analysis to include patients from other institutions. The additional patients were not treated according to a rigid clinical protocol, but rather received treatments in much the same way as the majority of breast cancer patients in a community practice. Of interest was whether the relationship between steroid receptors and disease-free survival that we have previously reported would hold with this new group of patients with different demographic and treatment profiles. The relationships between steroid receptor levels and both disease-free and overall survival were examined in detail. PMID- 6689476 TI - Prevention and management of postoperative lateral upper-lid retraction in Graves' disease. AB - Patients with Graves' disease often have eyelid retraction, the upper lid being more commonly affected, and its lateral aspect being more retracted than its medial aspect. This paper describes the surgical treatment of upper-lid retraction, including methods of preventing residual postoperative lateral retraction and medial ptosis. Techniques of dealing with these postoperative problems are also described. PMID- 6689477 TI - Vasopressin and angiotensin in the control of arterial pressure and regional blood flow in anaesthetized, surgically stressed rats. AB - The effects of vasopressin and angiotensin II in the control of regional blood flow (BF) in halothane-anaesthetized rats were investigated by the administration of specific antagonists of vasopressin and angiotensin II, namely, [1-(beta mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid), 2-(O-methyl)tyrosine] arginine-vasopressin [d(CH2)5 Tyr(Me) AVP] and saralasin, respectively. Cardiac output and the distribution of BF was examined by the reference sample microsphere technique. The injection of the vasopressin antagonist into the left ventricle of rats caused reductions of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and total peripheral resistance (TPR), an increase of BF to the stomach and skin and a decrease of BF to the intestine. Intravenous infusion of saralasin caused reductions of MAP and TPR and an increase of BF to the kidneys and skin. The results show that both the vasopressin and the renin-angiotensin systems participate in the control of arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance in anaesthetized, surgically stressed rats. PMID- 6689478 TI - Inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from the flowers and buds of Daphne genkwa. PMID- 6689479 TI - Comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 binding proteins from rat lymph and plasma. PMID- 6689480 TI - Lung surfactants. I. Comparison of surfactants prepared from lungs of calf, ox, dog and rabbit. PMID- 6689482 TI - Lung surfactants. III. Correlations among activities in vitro, in situ and in vivo, and chemical composition. PMID- 6689481 TI - Lung surfactants. II. Effects of fatty acids, triacylglycerols and protein on the activity of lung surfactant. PMID- 6689483 TI - [Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism associated with Graves' disease]. PMID- 6689484 TI - Metabolites of vitamin D3 in pituitary dwarfs. PMID- 6689485 TI - Cloning and sequence analysis of a rat liver cDNA coding for a phenobarbital inducible microheterogenous cytochrome P-450 variant: regulation of its messenger level by xenobiotics. AB - A rat liver cDNA library was prepared from total polyribosomal poly(A)+ RNA extracted from phenobarbital-treated animals. A cDNA clone coding for a phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450 (PB P-450) was identified by differential colony hybridization to cDNAs synthesized from liver poly(A)+RNAs isolated from phenobarbital-treated rats for positive selection and cDNAs from either untreated rats or beta-naphthoflavone-treated rats as negative controls, followed by hybrid-selected translation and analysis of the translation products by immunoprecipitation. As the cloning and screening strategies involve no prior enrichment for specific mRNAs, they also permit the identification of sequences coding for phenobarbital-induced proteins other than cytochromes P-450. This relatively straightforward approach is generally applicable to the molecular cloning of sequences coding for other inducible cytochromes P-450. Nucleic acid sequencing data indicated that the cloned PB P-450 cDNA codes for a cytochrome P 450 variant [designated P-450e(U.C.)] that is very similar, but not identical, to P-450e. Sequence analysis of the section of cDNA specifying the 3'-non-coding region of the mRNA revealed that it lacked the usual poly(A) addition site signal sequence but contained three inverted repeat structures. Solution hybridization analysis demonstrated that PB P-450 mRNA is increased 20-fold by phenobarbital treatment and decreased 3-fold by beta-naphthoflavone treatment. PMID- 6689486 TI - Molecular cloning of human gastrin precursor cDNA. AB - We cloned cDNA of gastrin mRNA from human gastric antrum. First we obtained a porcine gastrin precursor cDNA clone using a synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide, d(A-A-A-G-T-C-C-A-T-C-C-A-T-C-C-A-T) as a hybridization probe. Then, using this porcine clone as a hybridization probe, human gastrin precursor cDNA clones were obtained. Sequence analysis revealed 4, 303, and 98 nucleotides, respectively, in the 5' untranslated region, in the amino acid coding region, and in the 3' untranslated region. The deduced precursor molecule codes for big and small gastrin, surrounded by pairs of basic amino acids. When the sequences of porcine and human gastrin precursor are compared, a high degree of homology in the active peptide region and lower homology in other regions are observed. PMID- 6689487 TI - Mapping of murine interferon-alpha genes to chromosome 4. AB - A cDNA library was constructed from polysomal poly(A)+RNA from Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-induced mouse C243 cells, and screened with a human interferon-alpha (HuIFN-alpha) cDNA probe. A cDNA clone for one of the murine interferon-alpha (MuIFN-alpha) genes was isolated, and sequencing analysis revealed that it was a partial copy which is almost identical to the published sequence for the MuIFN alpha 2 gene. This partial cDNA clone represents a virus-induced message as seen by Northern blot analysis of RNA from NDV-induced C243 cells, and Southern blot analysis of DNA from BALB/c mouse revealed the presence of a multiple IFN-alpha gene family. The MuIFN-alpha genes were mapped to chromosome 4 by Southern blot analysis of hamster/mouse somatic cell hybrid DNAs. PMID- 6689489 TI - FCE 20700, a cytoprotective PGE2 derivative, does not interfere with the antiinflammatory activity of indomethacin. AB - A study was made of the interaction between FCE 20700 (11-deoxy-13,14-didehydro 16(S)-methyl-PGE2 methylester) at a fixed dose of 250 mcg/kg and the ulcerogenic and antiinflammatory effect of indomethacin (I) on rat carrageenin paw edema. The combination tested showed the same antiinflammatory effect as I alone: potency ratio FCE 20700 + I/I was 1.03, demonstrating the lack of interaction between the two compounds. Moreover the gastric lesions in FCE 20700 + I treated rats were markedly reduced, allowing the dosage of I to be increased by about three times without increasing its ulcerogenic effect. PMID- 6689490 TI - Possible role of pirenzepine on the release of pancreatic polypeptide in duodenal ulcer patients: preliminary results of a randomized cross-over study. AB - The effects of repeated oral doses of pirenzepine (100 mg daily for 7 days) and antacid (Maalox, 105 ml daily for 7 days) on the test-meal-stimulated release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were evaluated in 7 duodenal ulcer outpatients by means of a randomized cross-over study, with a wash-out period of one week between pirenzepine and antacid administration. The effects of pirenzepine (100 mg daily for 7 days) were also evaluated in 5 healthy adult volunteers. The stimulus test was performed on each fasting patient two days before the treatment started and after a 7-day treatment. Venous blood samples were obtained before the test meal (basal) and 3, 10 and 30 minutes after it. Plasma PP levels were estimated by means of a specific RIA. The results obtained showed that pirenzepine significantly inhibits the PP response to the test meal in the duodenal ulcer patients and in the healthy volunteers. The above-mentioned effects suggest that one of the mechanisms of action on the therapeutic activity of pirenzepine on peptic ulcer might be explained by the preservation of pancreatic secretion unimpaired by an increase in PP release after meal stimulus. PMID- 6689488 TI - Bedside prediction of neonatal pulmonary maturity by single step gastric aspirate shake test. PMID- 6689491 TI - CT in palpable non-obstructing intestinal tumors. PMID- 6689492 TI - Analysis of anabolic steroids in body fluids by capillary gas chromatography with a two-channel detection system and a computer. AB - A method is described for analysis of multi-component mixtures of steroid metabolites in biological fluids by means of capillary gas chromatography with glass and fused-silica columns and simultaneous detection of methoxylamine trimethylsilyl derivatives with universal flame-ionization and selective nitrogen alkali flameionization detectors. A data system was applied to the on-line treatment of the results. Computer programs were designed for precise calculation of Kovats retention indices from the known values for selected natural urinary steroids. The programs allow the selection of nitrogen-containing components, normalized chromatogram plotting for both detection channels and qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results are presented on the detection of metabolites of methandrostenolone, 17 alpha-methyltestosterone, 19-nortestosterone and fluoxymesterone. PMID- 6689494 TI - Familial thyroid disease: Grave's disease and non-toxic goitre (a case report). PMID- 6689493 TI - Graves' IgG stimulation of iodide uptake in FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells: a clinical assay complementing FRTL-5 assays measuring adenylate cyclase and growth stimulating antibodies in autoimmune thyroid disease. AB - With optimal conditions and cells maintained in the absence of thyrotropin (TSH) for 7-10 days, IgG preparations from approximately 90% of patients with active Graves' disease can exhibit statistically significant stimulation of cAMP levels in rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells as compared to normal controls. FRTL-5 cells maintained in the absence of TSH for 7-10 days lose their ability to take up iodide. Iodide uptake returns upon readdition of TSH over a 60-hour period via a cAMP-mediated process; thus TSH can be replaced by dibutyryl cAMP or other agents which increase cAMP levels, for example, thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies (TSAbs) from Graves' sera. TSAb stimulation of iodide uptake requires the continued presence of TSAb over at least the first 24 hours of a 48-hour reversal period; TSH, in contrast, can be withdrawn after 5 hours and will still achieve maximal effects at 36-48 hours. Iodide uptake, measured as a 30-minute pulse at 48 hours, appears, however, to be faster with TSAb than TSH. With optimized conditions (cells depleted of TSH greater than 7-10 days; 3-isobytyl-1-methyl xanthine, 0.005 mM; TSAb addition for the entire 48-hour assay period; and a 30 minute pulse of 10 microM 125I-sodium iodide at 37 C), TSAb stimulation is concentration-dependent with a half-maximal activity at approximately 10-fold lower concentrations than in the cAMP stimulation assay. In a series of 24 patients with Graves' disease, IgGs with positive values in the cAMP assay were positive in the iodide uptake assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6689495 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of actinomycosis and lymphocytic lymphoma. PMID- 6689496 TI - [International classification of malignant lymphoma: its history and trends]. PMID- 6689497 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of the usefulness of programmed pacemakers]. PMID- 6689498 TI - Chronic erythroid hyperplasia and accelerated bone turnover. AB - Bone atrophy is generally thought to be the etiology of the decreased skeletal mass and fractures found in patients with ineffective hematopoiesis and associated erythroid hyperplasia. A bone biopsy from a patient with chronic erythroid hyperplasia and diffuse cortical osteopenia revealed a normal trabecular bone volume, excess osteoid, numerous osteoblasts, and increased osteoclastic resorptive surface. The increased fractional labeled surfaces and widely spaced double tetracycline labels indicated accelerated bone turnover, despite demonstrable iron deposits at the calcification front and cement lines and a low serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The relationship between the expanded marrow space and trabecular bone suggests that local marrow factors may be responsible for the rapid bone remodeling. PMID- 6689499 TI - [The Paul-Bunnell test of maternal and cord sera]. AB - In this study, heterophil antibodies are measured from the cord sera of the 100 newborns who were born normally at term from the healthy females. These results compared with the heterophil agglutinins levels of the mother's sera. PMID- 6689500 TI - Analysis of the action of the neuropeptide-inducing delta-sleep in cats and white rats. AB - Suboccipital administration of the oligopeptide to adult cats and white rats in a dose of 15 and 20 micrograms/kg induces the appearance of electrographic (delta sleep) and behavioral sleep within 15-25 min. Administration of the oligopeptide induces a substantial increase in the thresholds of the response of the EEG to phonostimulation. A substantial lag (50-90 min) in the onset of paradoxical sleep is noted, which is considered by the authors as a manifestation of inhibition, exerted by the neuropeptide on the further development of the sleep mechanisms. On the basis of the data obtained it is concluded that natural sleep and that induced by the neuropeptide are nonequivalent. PMID- 6689502 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of using new, adapted milk mixtures for artificial infant feeding]. PMID- 6689501 TI - Peptide histidine isoleucine- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity coexist in rat hypophysial portal blood. AB - Plasma immunoreactive peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) levels were measured by specific radioimmunoassays in urethane-anesthetized rats. Basal levels of plasma PHI-like immunoreactivity (PHI-LI) in the hypophysial portal blood were 414 +/- 180 pmol/l (means +/- S.E.), about 7 times higher than in the peripheral blood. VIP-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) was also high in the portal blood (399 +/- 139 pmol/l). The correlation coefficient between PHI-LI and VIP-LI was 0.76. These findings suggest that PHI and VIP are co-released from the median eminence into the hypophysial portal blood in rats. PMID- 6689503 TI - Structural and evolutionary analysis of the two chimpanzee alpha-globin mRNAs. AB - Two distinct alpha-globin mRNAs were detected in chimpanzee reticulocyte mRNA using a primer extension assay. DNA copies of these two mRNAs were cloned in the bacterial plasmid pBR322, and their sequence was determined. The two alpha-globin mRNAs have obvious structural homology to the two human alpha-globin mRNAs, alpha 1 and alpha 2. Comparison of the two chimpanzee alpha-globin mRNAs to each other and to their corresponding human counterparts revealed evidence of a recent gene conversion in the human alpha-globin complex and a marked heterogeneity in the rate of structural divergence within the alpha-globin gene. PMID- 6689504 TI - Prolactin-releasing activity of porcine intestinal peptide (PHI-27). AB - Porcine intestinal peptide (PHI), a twenty-seven amino acid peptide isolated from porcine gut extracts, is a close structural homolog of the secretin family hormones. The structural and biological similarities of PHI to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) together with its presence in the rat hypothalamus suggested a possible role for the peptide in the control of prolactin (PRL) secretion. PHI induced significant, dose-related stimulations of PRL release from cultured, dispersed rat pituitary cells in vitro. The minimum effective dose is 10(-7) molar, compared to 10(-9) molar for VIP. No interactive effect with thyrotropin-releasing hormone was observed; however, PHI partially overcame the dopamine inhibition of PRL release. PMID- 6689505 TI - [Apropos of a case of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP): electromyographic study (EMG)]. AB - The authors report on a case of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis characterized by attacks of flaccid tetraplegia with hypokalemia in a patient with Basedow disease, the cure of which led to the disappearance of the neurological symptomatology. The EMG investigations, performed in the course of a spontaneous paralytic attack, showed the same abnormalities as in the few similar published cases: discordance between the rich interferential recordings and the weakness of the movements; low amplitude of the electrodetection tracings; reduced amplitude of the evoked muscle action potentials on nerve stimulation. These myogenic patterns are related to the aspect of the muscle biopsy which, when performed during the paralytic phase, shows a vacuolization of the muscular fibers. The pathophysiological underlying mechanisms of the thyrotoxic periodic paralysis still remain hypothetic. PMID- 6689506 TI - [Autoimmune thyroiditis (clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment)]. PMID- 6689507 TI - The use of computer graphics to find an optimal fit for a human total artificial heart. AB - The analysis of the thorax and the vessel system adjacent to the heart of different individuals seems to indicate that a fitting of an artificial heart before the operation should be done. A tailoring of the arterial and atrial connectors seems necessary. Computer graphics using CT-scans as a basis render all the required information and a comprehensible view of the vessel system. Future developments should improve the practicability of the system and make use of modern 3-dimensional viewing techniques already there for application. PMID- 6689510 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6689509 TI - [Circadian changes in gastric acidity during drug therapy of duodenal ulcer]. AB - The circadian change of gastric acidity was studied in 9 patients and 2 controls. Five patients were treated with gastrozepin, two with vicalin and buscolysin, two with biomet according to a schedule. Gastric content was aspirated at fixed intervals and pH determined separately of each portion. The data were juxtaposed to those of the gastric probe prior to the beginning of the treatment. They revealed that with the treatment with gastrozepin and biomet, the lowest pH values during the day were higher, with a statisticall significance, than those obtained at basal conditions prior to the treatment. During the night, pH over 3 was observed only in the treatment with biomet. The methodical conditions used ate suitable both for clinical-pharmacological investigations and for individualization of the treatment of some patients that failed to respond to the ordinary therapeutic combinations. PMID- 6689508 TI - [In vitro study of the neutralizing effect of the most frequently used antacids]. AB - Sixteen antacids were characterized as well as the milk as regards the acid bounding properties. The study was carried out via the automatic pH-meter titrigraph (Radiometer--Copenhagen). Quantitative data on the acid-bounding capacity were obtained, as well as on the buffer properties and the duration of the interaction between the drugs studied with the titrating solution of hydrochloric acid. The information from that study could well be useful for our pharmaceutical industry, serving as a base for in vivo studies on antacids and in the therapeutic practice for preparing the therapeutic schedules for ulcer disease. PMID- 6689511 TI - New perspectives on control of sexually transmitted diseases: the effects of STD on women and infants. PMID- 6689512 TI - Clinical evaluation in vivo and in vitro of cervical mucus in IUD users: differences between women wearing copper and progesterone releasing IUDs. AB - This is a report of the variations of cervical mucus of women wearing different kinds of IUDs, before and after the insertion. We could not find significant variations of the clinical patterns in women wearing copper IUDs, but noticeable variations were found in progesterone releasing device users. PMID- 6689514 TI - [Effect of folic acid deficiency on the synthesis of pteroylpolyglutamates]. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of folate deficiency on pteroylpolyglutamate synthesis in rat liver, the hepatic and urinary content of reduced folates, the distribution of pteroylpolyglutamates and the incorporation of i.p. injected 3H folic acid in polyglutamates have been studied. In deficient rats the hepatic content of reduced folates and the urinary amounts of reduced metabolites are lower and do not increase after vitamin treatment. Longer chain pteroylpolyglutamates are severely depleted and their content is not significantly modified by folic acid treatment. The percentage of labelled folic acid incorporated into pteroylglutamates is markedly decreased. The inability of deficient rat liver to synthesize polyglutamates might be ascribed to the decrease of pteroylpolyglutamate synthetase activity, and/or to the lower availability of tetrahydrofolates, the preferred substrates for the enzyme. PMID- 6689515 TI - The right auricle of the heart is an endocrine organ. Cardiodilatin as a peptide hormone candidate. AB - A new polypeptide hormone candidate regulating vascular smooth muscle function was extracted from porcine atrial tissue. The purification steps were followed by a bioassay. The hormonally active substance has been analyzed and found to be a small polypeptide exhibiting a molecular weight of about 7500 and is named "cardiodilatin" (CDD). Further chemical data on this new hormone will be published elsewhere. A partial amino acid sequence of cardiodilatin is offered and shows that among the well known hormones or neuropeptides, none exhibit a homologue partial sequence. PMID- 6689513 TI - [Ultrastructural studies of retinopathy of premature infants]. PMID- 6689516 TI - The potential value of cultured dairy products for child nutrition. AB - The author suggests that under certain conditions cultured milk, rather than fluid milk, can be used for infant and child nutrition as well as for school milk programs. Some of the major problems with fluid milk, fresh or reconstituted, are discussed. A review of the literature indicates that the assumption of lactose intolerance among many populations is exaggerated. Inappropriate handling of pasteurized milk very often is responsible for a high bacterial count and organoleptic defects. Such quality defects are more pronounced in countries with a warm climate. The use of polluted water in the reconstitution of milk powder, is probably more often responsible for diarrhea than lactose intolerance. For these reasons it is suggested that under appropriate conditions a cultured milk product such as yogurt or quark, be used for infant and child nutrition. The advantages are: 1) the low pH caused by the high lactic acid content detrimentally affects food spoilage and pathogenic organisms in milk; 2) longer shelf life of the fermented product at ambient temperature; and 3) fermented milk products contain the enzyme lactase which facilitates digestion of residual lactose even after ingestion. PMID- 6689517 TI - Monte Carlo simulations of peptide solvation. PMID- 6689518 TI - [Treatment of human onchocerciasis with ivermectin]. AB - Twenty immigrants from Mali and West Senegal were treated in Paris. Onchocerciasis was diagnosed by six skin snips using a Holth punch. Ivermectine was given in a single oral dose: ten patients were given 50 mcg/kg, three were given 75 mcg/kg and seven received 100 mcg/kg. No patients had ocular symptoms. The results were as follows: Pruritus disappeared rapidly in 9 out of 11 patients who itched before treatment. The microfilarial load decreased rapidly, especially in cases treated with 75 mcg/kg and 100 mcg/kg as all patients tested on day 60 were negative. Clinical signs of the Mazzotti reaction and ocular reactions were not observed following the treatment. Pruritus was briefly aggravated in only two patients. No cardiovascular, hematological, hepatic or renal toxicity was noted. PMID- 6689519 TI - Eosinophilia caused by iodinated radiographic contrast media. AB - Statistically significant eosinophilia was noted in the peripheral blood of a group of 108 patients 48 h after the administration of iodinated radiographic contrast medium (RCM). The duration of eosinophilia was approximately 6 days. Eosinophilia had no accompanying clinical symptoms except for two cases where urticaria appeared. The incidence of eosinophilia was irrespective of dosage or type of RCM. Possible mechanisms responsible for eosinophilia have been considered. Since eosinophilias of other aetiologies are common, it is of practical importance to distinguish these from RCM-induced eosinophilias. PMID- 6689520 TI - Possibilities for retrieving temporal information in MEDDOK retrieval system. AB - This paper describes shortly some aspects of the MEDDOK retrieval language especially the methods for making vertical retrieval. In addition the question is investigated how this retrieval can be done without scanning and searching most of the data pool. Another subject of the paper is the description of the underlying data structure. PMID- 6689521 TI - A simplified method to determine binding parameters in a two-site case using linear regression. AB - A program using a simplified method to compute estimates of binding parameters in a system with two independent classes of binding sites is presented. An iterative method is used to approximate step-by-step the two lines describing the binding activities separately, starting from a curvilinear Scatchard or Hofstee plot. This method is designed for use on microcomputers with graphic facilities and on programmable hand-held calculators. PMID- 6689522 TI - Applications of a signal averager for neurophysiological investigations in clinical function laboratories using a general signal-processing unit. AB - A general 'coherent signal averager' software package which can be run on a small laboratory computer is presented as an application of a new approach to medical instrumentation. The combination of the minicomputer, preprocessing hardware and the above-mentioned software yields a flexible multipurpose averaging system for electrophysiological signals. The possibilities of the system are discussed with reference to visual evoked potential measurements in a clinical function laboratory. PMID- 6689523 TI - A modular program for analysis of electrophysiological data on a laboratory minicomputer. AB - In the study of electrophysiological phenomena, the signals to be investigated are often reduced to sampled time series or point processes. Nowadays, the measuring equipment frequently includes one or more micro- and/or minicomputers which perform the data acquisition (including, e.g., A-D conversion and interval measurements) and the subsequent data processing and analysis. This paper describes the structured organization of data measurement and analysis of electrophysiological data performed by a modular software program implemented on a laboratory minicomputer. The program is used in our clinical laboratory by a number of research teams with different experimental objectives. The input data structure for the program has a standardized format, comprising multiplexed data channels preceded by a 256 entry parameter block containing general processing information and specific information concerning the analyses performed. The tasks carried out by the program are the calculation of distributions and correlations, digital filtering and estimation of spectra. The program can easily be extended by writing new software modules. PMID- 6689524 TI - VISUAL EFFICIENCY--a microcomputer program for the analysis of action spectra. AB - A microcomputer program for the analysis of complex action spectra is described. This program can take data gathered in a series of spectral ranges and fit them to a model consisting of multiple pigments, varying pigment concentrations, and absorption before the photosensitive pigment. Chi square and correlation analysis are performed on the final fit. PMID- 6689525 TI - A calculator package for pharmacokinetic application. AB - A calculator program package is given for the computation of the parameters of two different pharmacokinetic models: the 'one compartment open model' with first order absorption, and the 'two compartment open model' with rapid intravenous injection, using the peeling method. If parameters are known, simulation of these systems can be done for single and repetitive doses. The package includes an area under curve (AUC) program for the evaluation of clearance. The algorithms were applied for TI 58,59 and HP 97 calculators and they can be widely used in clinical practice. PMID- 6689526 TI - PEDPLO: a pedigree plot program. AB - The program PEDPLO supports the graphical presentation of inheritance. The plot produced is a tree ramifying towards the younger generation. There is only little dependence on the special software and hardware of the plot. PMID- 6689527 TI - Vitamin D in clinical medicine. PMID- 6689528 TI - Idiopathic hypercalciuria. PMID- 6689529 TI - Wheat pasture poisoning. II. Tissue composition of cattle grazing cereal forages and related to tetany. AB - Thirty-two aged Hereford and Angus cows (avg 10.2 yr old) grazed mixed cereal (wheat and rye) pastures from December 6, 1979 to April 23, 1980 (138 d). On d 104 (March 19), five cows developed tetany. On the day of tetany, the mean plasma Ca of the cows with tetany was 4.1 mg/dl. Cows with tetany had plasma Mg concentrations of 1.7 mg/dl on the day of tetany, but 15 d before tetany and 6 d post-tetany, levels were lower (1.2 mg/dl). Cows with tetany had large increases in plasma parathyroid hormone (PHT) as well as vitamin 1, 25 dihydroxy D3 [1,25(OH)2D], plasma glucose, lactic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Plasma K of these cows followed a similar trend as plant K, except it was not as pronounced. Plasma inorganic P of these same cows was exceedingly low, less than 3 mg/dl several times, although the forage P did not indicate a P deficiency. Levels of plasma hydroxyproline in these cows indicated that bone resorption may have been low during most of the grazing season, even though levels of plasma hydroxyproline were initially high and high subsequent to tetany. High levels of plasma glucose and lactic acid were associated with the time of tetany. Apparently, cows developed inappetence around the time of tetany, as suggested by the high levels of plasma beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Cows with wheat pasture poisoning appeared to respond to the severe hypocalcemia with large increases in plasma 1,25(OH)2D. Plasma 1,25(OH)2D changes were similar to plasma hydroxyproline changes (and possible bone resorption rates) and seemed inversely proportional to plasma Ca and directly proportional to plasma PTH concentrations. Generally, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition was not affected as much as plasma composition, except for the low levels of CSF Ca. These data indicate that a metabolic deficiency of Ca (hypocalcemia) was the cause of tetany. PMID- 6689530 TI - [Estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters with a microcomputer using a program SIMPLEX]. PMID- 6689531 TI - [An epidemiological study on risk factors in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6689532 TI - The effect of tin protoporphyrin on the bilirubin production rate in newborn rats. AB - Using a flow-through system, the pulmonary excretion rate of carbon monoxide (VECO) was determined by gas chromatography and used as an index of bilirubin production in newborn rats treated with tin protoporphyrin. Hepatic and splenic heme oxygenase activities were determined spectrophotometrically. No significant differences in the VECO were found between experimental and control animals despite significant decreases in hepatic heme oxygenase activity (P less than .0005) and splenic heme oxygenase activity (P less than .025). These results suggest that 1) there is no simple relation between heme oxygenase activity and bilirubin production; 2) heme oxygenase is present in excess amounts in neonatal rats; and 3) the lowering of serum bilirubin levels caused by tin protoporphyrin cannot be attributed to decreased bilirubin production and may be owing instead to increased uptake, conjugation, or excretion of bilirubin, or decreased enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin. PMID- 6689533 TI - Lactose-poor milk in adult lactose intolerance. AB - The frequency of lactose intolerance was studied in patients with chronic gastrointestinal disease, mainly peptic ulcer to explore the possibilities of the use of lactose-poor milk. It was found that whole milk caused dyspeptic symptoms in 45% of patients with peptic ulcer; lactose-intolerance was present in 82% of the patients with milk intolerance; lactose poor powdered milk resulted in complete freedom from symptoms. Use of milk with reduced lactose contents is recommended in the diet of adult patients with lactase deficiency. PMID- 6689534 TI - [Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: familial type]. PMID- 6689535 TI - The cell biology of wheat germ agglutinin and related lectins. PMID- 6689536 TI - Attention disturbance in Graves' disease. AB - Twenty-seven patients with untreated Graves' disease were studied in order to determine alterations of concentration/attention and their possible association with levels of T4, T3RU, free thyroxin index (FTI), and anxiety. The patients obtained significantly lower values (p less than 0.01) throughout the whole application period of the concentration/attention test in comparison with control healthy group. Multiple regression equations relating the attention indexes with levels of T4 and T3RU, FTI and anxiety in the patients were determined, and no significant relationships were found. Similarly, a non-linear regression equation relating attention index and FTI gave a non-significant result. Possible mechanisms that could explain the deficiency in concentration/attention in ths disease are discussed. PMID- 6689537 TI - [The autoimmune component in early menopause associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis]. PMID- 6689538 TI - [Thymectomy for myasthenia. Considerations on a new case]. PMID- 6689540 TI - Autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID- 6689539 TI - [Pretibial myxedema (infiltrative dermopathy) in a patient with Basedow's disease]. PMID- 6689541 TI - [Effect of metallic magnesium and various magnesium salts on the oviposition of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)]. PMID- 6689543 TI - [Formulation and nutritive value of 2 milk substitutes based on sweet lupine (Lupinus albus, var. multolupa)]. AB - Two protein mixtures, A and B, based on sweet lupine, wheat flour and dried skim milk powder were formulated, bearing in mind the chemical and nutritional standards set by the National System of Health Services for protein mixtures used through the National Program of Complementary Feeding (PNAC) for preschool children. Both formulas contained 12% of sweet lupine flour, but they differed in their skim milk content, which was 15% in mixture A, and 10% in mixture B. Taking as reference value a content of 2% moisture, formula A contains 17.6% protein and mixture B, 16.4%, with a caloric content of 420 kcal/100 g for both of them. The amino acid score was 0.80 for both mixtures. The biological quality of the proteins of A and B, measured as protein efficiency ratio (PER), was 2.2 and 2.1, respectively. These values are not statistically different, although they are lower than the value of 2.5 obtained for casein (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6689542 TI - Photoelectron microscopy of erythrocyte ghosts: imaging of lectin binding sites with colloidal gold markers. AB - Images of human red cell ghosts have been obtained by photoelectron microscopy (photoemission electron microscopy or PEM) without any staining, metal coating or shadowing. Membrane folding, when it occurs in these collapsed structures, shows up clearly even though the membrane itself is only 5-10 nm in thickness. Using red cell ghosts as a model system, it is shown that colloidal gold can act as a photoemissive marker. Specific lectin binding sites on the cell surface were labeled with a colloidal gold-wheat germ agglutinin complex. The gold particles were readily detectable against the weaker emission from the cell surface. PMID- 6689544 TI - [Evaluation of the bronchodilating activity of carbuterol and fenoterol]. PMID- 6689545 TI - [Course and significance of various biochemical parameters in 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 therapy of uremic osteodystrophy]. AB - Thirty-seven osteodystrophic and chronically haemodialyzed patients have been treated for 1-22 months by means of 1,25(OH)2D3. Under treatment a marked improvement of symptomatology and radiographic findings has been observed in the majority of cases; from the haematochemical viewpoint a rise of calcemia and phosphoremia, a fall in alkaline phosphatase and a variable course of PTH have been observed. Several episodes of asymptomatic hypercalcemia ceased with posology reduction; only 3 cases needed stopping the treatment for this reason, one of them definitively; 12/37 cases needed hypophosphoric diets and increase in oral aluminium hydroxide doses to control hyperphosphoremia. The Authors conclude that, to achieve a correct management of a 1,25(OH)2D3 therapy for renal osteodystrophy, is mandatory a strict and accurate biochemical control: in this way is possible to obtain an effective modulation of the posology avoiding the appearance of side-effects as hypercalcemia and ectopic calcifications. PMID- 6689547 TI - Phosphoglycerate kinase abnormalities: functional, structural and genomic aspects. AB - Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency is associated with hemolytic anemia and mental disorders in man. Complete amino acid sequence of normal human PGK was determined and its three-dimensional structure could be deduced from that of horse and yeast enzymes. Specific amino acid substitutions of several PGK variants associated with clinical problems were elucidated, and their functional abnormalities were correlated to their structural abnormalities. Full-length cDNA clones for normal human PGK were isolated and it is possible to examine PGK variants at the genomic level. PMID- 6689548 TI - Further purification of a CFU-S inhibitor: in vivo effects after cytosine arabinoside treatment. AB - This paper describes a large scale extraction procedure which allows the preparation of a stable CFU-S inhibitor from fetal calf bone marrow. The use of BioGel P-2 gels results in an increase of the specific activity of the inhibitor as well as in the yield of the preparation. When injected into mice, the inhibitory fraction (Ve/Vo 1.17-1.8) prevent CFU-S entry into cycle after cytosine arabinoside at a dose of 4 micrograms per mouse. When administered during lethal protocols of Ara-C treatment, it significantly increases the percentage of surviving animals. Thus, this low molecular weight factor (below 2,000 D), devoid of species-specificity, enhances the tolerance of animals to high doses of chemotherapy and might be of interest in cancer treatment. PMID- 6689549 TI - [Nitrosation of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2-furylmethyl)urea and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3 (2-pyrazinylmethyl)urea]. PMID- 6689546 TI - Kinetics of glucose metabolism in sheep. AB - The kinetics of glucose cycling in 24 ewes bearing twins were studied 1 month before term by bolus injections of [6-3H]- and [U-14C]glucose. The function representing glucose carbon recycling was determined by deconvolution of the [3H]glucose from the [14C]glucose decay curves in plasma by using the SAAM and CONSAM programs, and a model for kinetics of glucose cycling was developed. The [3H]glucose data were fitted by four compartments, and an additional three compartments were required to explain recycling. The results show that labelled carbon was still recycling to plasma 2 days after the injection of tracer. By contrast, a similar analysis on a non-pregnant sheep, with data taken from the literature, showed that no more material was recycled after 1 day. It appears that a larger fraction (20 v. 5%) of the carbon 6 of glucose recycles in pregnant than in non-pregnant sheep. This presumably reflects the metabolism by the feto placental unit and the increased rate of glucose metabolism during pregnancy. PMID- 6689550 TI - [Calculation of implant power. Microcomputer program]. PMID- 6689551 TI - [An epidemiological survey on the natural reversibility of infertility of male patients caused by crude cotton seed oil]. PMID- 6689552 TI - Computer modelling of ENT out-patients. AB - The behaviour of queues in ENT out-patients has been simulated by a computer program. This allowed various appointment systems to be studied and improved to allow a smooth flow of patients through the clinic, in such a way that the idle time of the clinic staff is reduced without increasing patient waiting times. PMID- 6689553 TI - [Selection and application of mutagenicity tests in identification of carcinogens and mutagens. (II)]. PMID- 6689554 TI - [Measurement of industrial noise]. AB - n this paper a comprehensive method for description and measurement of industrial noise is presented keeping the following aspects into account: 1) evaluation by data collection questionnaire of work environment, working variables, noise sources, noise exposure, etc.; 2) noise measurement with particular regards to noise characteristics (steady noise, intermittent, fluctuating, irregular, impulsive), to sampling methods (position, duration, etc.) also in wiew to drawing up "noise maps"; 3) noise data processing ( LAEQ , LEX); on this aspect many applying examples are specified; 4) noise data representation and recording, also using computer aids. The AA draw the attention to adopt, also in anticipation of the European noise standards, a standardized method for industrial noise evaluation. PMID- 6689555 TI - A catalytic role of low concentration of urea in DNA-polycation interactions. PMID- 6689556 TI - [Surgery performed under arthroscopy]. PMID- 6689557 TI - [Case of Graves' disease with visible jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly]. PMID- 6689558 TI - [Case of Hashimoto's disease with thyroxine induced allergic hepatitis]. PMID- 6689559 TI - [Synthesis of 2,4-oxazolidinedione and its derivatives]. PMID- 6689560 TI - [Serum thyroglobulin concentration in patients with Basedow's disease treated with antithyroid drugs]. PMID- 6689561 TI - [Usefulness of automated measurement of spatial distribution and regional wash out ratio in stress T1-201 myocardial scintigraphy]. PMID- 6689562 TI - [Lungs in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6689563 TI - Hypolactasia in a fixed cohort of young Finnish adults. A follow-up study. AB - Selective late-onset hypolactasia (lactose malabsorption) was examined in a fixed cohort of Finnish adolescents, now aged 17 to 25 years. This was the third examination of the same subjects. In the first examination 10 years ago the prevalence of hypolactasia was 6.2%. In the second examination 5 years ago three more cases of hypolactasia were diagnosed, and the prevalence was 9.3%. In this examination the prevalence was 10.3% (10/97); 2 newly manifested hypolactasia cases were diagnosed. If those subjects were included who were not examined this time but whose hypolactasia was diagnosed previously or who were at least 20 years old at the second examination, the prevalence of hypolactasia was 12.7% (13/102). In the 17- to 20-year-olds the prevalence was 15.4%, and in the 21- to 25-year-olds it was 11.1%. The results were in agreement with our previous conclusions that hypolactasia manifests itself in the Finnish population mostly between 10 and 20 years of age and that the prevalence in adults is 17%. Eight of the 13 subjects with hypolactasia had weekly abdominal symptoms; all except one of them had symptoms after the lactose tolerance test. Nine subjects had realized milk intolerance; six of them had symptoms from one glass of milk or less. Symptoms varied considerably from person to person, the commonest symptom being meteorism. The reason was probably the variation in the remaining small intestinal lactase activity and in the functional stability of the colon. PMID- 6689565 TI - Adolescent reproductive health. An approach to planning health service research. Introduction. PMID- 6689564 TI - Acute proliferative retrolental fibroplasia: multivariate risk analysis. AB - This study has presented a two-way analysis of a data set consisting of demographic, diagnostic, and therapeutic variables against the risk of occurrence of APRLF and its location in the retina in a population of 639 infants in birthweights ranging from 600 to 1500 gm. Univariate and multivariate risk analysis techniques were employed to analyze the data. As established from previous studies, birthweight was a powerful predictor of the outcome variable. Oxygen therapy as defined and quantified in this study was not. Duration of ventilatory assistance did seem associated. The population was not uniform. Infants below 1000 gm birthweight had such a high incidence of APRLF that no other exogenous risk factors seemed of significance. Above 1000 gm birthweight, certain factors, particularly duration of ventilation, seemed of predictive strength and significance. PMID- 6689567 TI - [Studies on the use of computers at the Department of Urology. 3. Practice of dialysis and auxiliary therapeutic system at the dialysis room]. AB - The recent development of blood purification methods is remarkable. Now the physician can choose a different method and apparatus for blood purification according to the condition of each patient. Unlike the days when a uniform therapeutic method was used on all patients, the method and apparatus used on each patient may differ, and therefore if an inappropriate method or apparatus is used, it may result in a serious medical error. Patients on dialysis are in a pathologic state brought about by the causative disease and that brought about by renal failure which can not be cured by blood purification therapy. Therefore, it is necessary to accumulate a large amount of information on the patient's condition, including tests, and to use them effectively to provide optimum management of the patient. The author developed a system to collect and analyse large amounts of such information by using a microcomputer to help improve the practise of dialysis, and enable more appropriate patient management. The input of this system are basic data on the patient, information relating to dialysis treatment, symptoms of the patient, results of tests, treatment applied etc.; its output are medical bills, drug requisition sheet, dialysis record etc. Simultaneously, the various pieces of information stored by this system can be retrieved as required. The planned objective of this system has been achieved in the past 8 months. PMID- 6689566 TI - [Hyperparathyroidism after radioactive iodine therapy for Graves' disease: a case report]. AB - Herein we report a 36-year-old man with hyperparathyroidism and a past history of internal irradiation to the thyroid. Twelve years previously at age 24 years he had received 8 mCi of radioactive iodine for Graves' disease. An additional dose of 4 mCi was required 3 years later. A right lower parathyroid adenoma (28 X 23 X 20 mm, 5.7 g) was found at neck exploration. Although the association of external ionizing radiation to the head and neck and the subsequent development of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands has been described in recent years, there are only 4 cases in the literature of parathyroid surgery for hyperparathyroidism secondary to earlier treatment with radioactive iodine for Graves' disease. In a long-term follow-up of 180 patients treated with radioactive iodine for Graves' disease, neither hypercalcemia nor hypophosphatemia was found. Whether internal radiation therapy can be a causative factor in the development of hyperparathyroidism should be elucidated in future. However, it seems reasonable to suggest that patients whose hyperthyroidism has been treated with radioactive iodine should have their serum calcium levels examined at 5-year intervals. PMID- 6689568 TI - [Posterior approach in arthroscopy of the knee]. PMID- 6689569 TI - [Spontaneous evolution of acute retinopathy in premature infants]. PMID- 6689570 TI - Reductive metabolism and activation of benznidazole, a drug against Chagas' disease. PMID- 6689571 TI - An examination of the data and concepts germane to the oxygenation of cultured animal cells. AB - With the increasing demand for high productivity cultures (including unit process monolayer cultures) oxygenation has now become a problem much sooner in the scaling-up process. There are no problems with measuring the dissolved oxygen concentration, but maintaining a desired concentration is one of the major challenges in Animal Cell Technology. It is of key importance, because the oxygen level has critical effects on cell metabolism (13, 5, 9, 22, 40, 36) which not only affect cell growth but also the products that can be expressed by the cell. As the oxygen level for these two functions is often different (e.g. the production of Ig from lymphocytes (27) more attention must be paid to defining the optimal oxygen levels and methods whereby such levels can be maintained in the least destructive manner. PMID- 6689572 TI - Distinctive clinical features between lymphoblastic and immunoblastic non Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (Kiel's classification) in a series of 141 patients. AB - Out of a series of 427 NHML based on the Kiel classification and without previous treatment, 186 were of high grade malignancy and among them were 83 lymphoblastic (LB) and 58 immunoblastic (IB) lymphomas which were included in this study. The LB and IB, which represent the majority of high grade NHML, were compared regarding their clinical features and courses. Eight main criteria were significantly different between these two groups: age of patient, immunological history, mediastinal and pleural involvement, primary or secondary involvement of the bone marrow, secondary leukaemia, secondary meningeal involvement, and involvement of the facial region. Some of these differences (mediastinum and meningeal involvement) are related to subtypes within LB. The differences between these two groups suggest that different treatment programs may be warranted. PMID- 6689573 TI - Plasminogen activators as markers of tumor colonization potential. AB - Cell suspensions from the R 3230 AC rat mammary adenocarcinoma, when injected intravenously into F344 rats, invariably produce multiple lung foci within 10 days. We compared the colonization potential of cultures obtained from these foci and from cell populations exposed to 100 micrograms/ml medium of both concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin for 5 passages with the original cell line. Plasminogen activator activity (PAA) was determined in all three cell subpopulations, using S2251 (KABI) as chromogenic substrate. All cell lines retained their ability to grow after subcutaneous implant. The lectin resistant variant was found to have lost its capacity to nidate in the lung completely and also had the lowest PAA. In contrast, the cell population derived from the lung foci ranked highest in PAA. PMID- 6689574 TI - [Methylation of hinokitiol and 7-iodohinokitiol and the syntheses of Schiff bases of hydrazinotropone derivatives and 5-aminohinokitiol]. PMID- 6689575 TI - [Basis for the criteria of malignant cell. Parameters for cellular atypism- morphologic feature extraction, feature evaluation, cytoarchitecture, and malignancy]. PMID- 6689576 TI - [Endocrinologic mental disorders: Basedow's disease]. PMID- 6689577 TI - [Specific treatment of tetanus with a fraction--F(ab')--of the antitetanus immunoglobulin injected intrathecally]. PMID- 6689578 TI - Evidence of increased Gc:actin complexes in pregnant serum: a possible result of trophoblast embolism. AB - The molecular configuration of group-specific component Gc protein in sera from pregnant and nonpregnant individuals was compared by analytical isoelectric focusing and by print immunofixation in conjunction with known standards of Gc:actin and Gc:vitamin D3 complexes. These studies revealed that while complexes of Gc with actin and with vitamin D were detectable in small amounts in nonpregnant sera, much larger quantities of both types of complexes were consistently visualized in pregnancy. In addition, when actin was added to pregnant sera containing Gc:vitamin D3 complexes, a third anodal complex was revealed which presented the molecular configuration of actin:Gc:vitamin D3. These results demonstrate that Gc:actin complexes may be present under physiological circumstances in the circulation. Since large amounts of trophoblast enter the maternal circulation during both normal and abnormal human pregnancy, experiments were undertaken that showed that actin was released from isolated trophoblast membranes and also upon lysis of other viable cells under physiological conditions similar to those obtained in serum, and such actin complexed rapidly with Gc. Although the effects of this phenomenon upon the immunobiology of pregnancy are unknown, these findings are consistent with the concept that Gc protein may exert a "scavenger" function in mopping up actin released from damaged cells. PMID- 6689579 TI - Reversal of red cell aplasia and marrow fibrosis in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Red cell aplasia and marrow fibrosis occurred in a 34-year-old man with diffuse well differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. Complete recovery of marrow function and histology with remission of the lymphoproliferative malignancy were observed following 6 courses of combination chemotherapy. PMID- 6689580 TI - Basal and pentagastrin stimulated 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha secretion in dog stomach. AB - The effect of pentagastrin on gastric secretion of prostacyclin (PGI2) was studied by measuring the output of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in the gastric juice of 8 dogs before and after an intramuscular injection of pentagastrin. A similar study was done in 7 control dogs not given pentagastrin. Pentagastrin was found to significantly increase the gastric secretory output of acid and 6-keto PGF1 alpha during the first 30 minutes after the pentagastrin injection. This was highly significant when compared to the control group. It is concluded that pentagastrin stimulates gastric prostacyclin secretion. PMID- 6689581 TI - New method for determination of mast cells degranulation in vitro. Effect of preimplantation embryos on mast cells. AB - A new method has been developed for determination of the degranulating activity of substances present in small volumes and exhibiting a low degranulating potency. By the use of this method MC degranulation was tested, induced by preimplantation of mouse embryos. It was found that old morulae and young blastocysts (4th day of pregnancy) contain a factor which reacts with MC causing extrusion of cytoplasmic grains. It is suggested that degranulation activity may be connected with the formation of a new, biologically active compounds thus with the biochemical differentiation of the embryos. PMID- 6689582 TI - [Is the premature infant still threatened with retrolental fibroplasia in 1983?]. PMID- 6689583 TI - Millions of medical care dollars for indigents. AB - The medically indigent, a group traditionally underserved with health care, can obtain some needed free services from Hill-Burton facilities. These facilities (hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, and agencies) received Hill-Burton funds for their building programs and have, as a result, an obligation to provide a certain amount of uncompensated medical care to a defined medically indigent population. Health systems agencies (HSAS) or other interested agencies and groups can play an integral role in highlighting the Hill-Burton Program and helping the medically indigent obtain free care, This paper describes the Hill-Burton Program and explains how one HSA identified the Hill-Burton facilities in its area, determined the extent of their obligations, obtained allocation plans, and publicized and promoted the available health care services. From the interest shown by the community it was apparent that the HSA had provided a much needed and appreciated service that could be duplicated across the country by HSAS or other community groups. PMID- 6689584 TI - Computation of the explicit solution to the Michaelis-Menten equation. AB - An explicit solution to the Michaelis-Menten differential equation with bolus and zero-order input is presented. This solution involves certain simple functions whose values are not readily available. Efficient algorithms for computing values of these functions to any desired degree of accuracy and FORTRAN codes for implementing them are also given. PMID- 6689585 TI - The program for calculating the plausibility of paternity with a personal computer. 2. The HLA leukocyte groups: single locus. PMID- 6689586 TI - Computers in paediatrics. 6. Quantitative analysis of the EGG in children. PMID- 6689587 TI - Computers in paediatrics. 7. Evaluation of left ventricular function using M-mode echocardiography. PMID- 6689588 TI - Computers in paediatrics. 8. Prediction of blood glucose levels in children on intravenous infusions. PMID- 6689589 TI - Quantitative data on lifestyle factors of young Danish homosexuals. PMID- 6689590 TI - Effect of oral contraceptives on intestinal folate conjugase activity and folate absorption in rats. AB - To study whether oral contraceptive agents (OCA) may interfere with intestinal absorption of folate polyglutamates by inhibiting the activity of intestinal folate conjugase, female rats weighing on the average 230 gm received either a stock diet and OCA daily for a 6-week period or the stock diet without OCA. The animals receiving the OCA gained 50% less of their original body weight than the controls. There were no significant differences in the in vivo absorption of either folate monoglutamate or folate pentaglutamate between the controls and the OCA-administered animals. The absorption of folate pentaglutamate was lower than that of folate monoglutamate in both groups of rats, but the difference was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). As in the case of the two forms of folate absorption, no significant difference was found in intestinal folate conjugase activity between the two groups of animals. These findings indicate that intestinal folate conjugase activity and the absorption of both folate monoglutamate and pentaglutamate are not altered by oral contraceptive administration to female rats. PMID- 6689591 TI - The effect of diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) on the sequential stages of intestinal folate absorption. AB - The drug diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) (DPH) is thought to interfere with the bioavailability of dietary folate through an effect on intestinal folate deconjugation and/or monoglutamate folate transport. In order to determine whether DPH inhibition occurs in the sequential steps of folate deconjugation, uptake, or reduction-methylation, the effect of the drug on the intestinal absorption of hexaglutamate folate (PteGlu6), pteroylmonoglutamate folate (PGA), and N-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (CH3FH4) was studied. Folate absorption was directly quantified by the method of triple lumen tube perfusion in 12 subjects serving as their own controls. All 12 received PGA mixed with and without DPH (20 micrograms/ml), while 6 of the 12 subjects received hexaglutamate and 6 received reduced methylated folate with and without added DPH. With this model DPH was shown not to impair significantly folate absorption by any action upon the process of folate deconjugation, absorption, or reduction-methylation. The previously reported association between DPH intake and reduced levels of serum folate remains unexplained by these studies. PMID- 6689593 TI - The radiosensitivity of lymphosarcoma cells as determined by the liver colony method. AB - The liver colony method is based on the observation that intravenous injection of an appropriate number of LS/BL cells into isologous non-irradiated hosts leads to the formation of colonies of proliferating cells in the livers of these animals. The relationship between the number of cells injected and the number of colonies appearing in the livers was determined. This technique was used to measure the radiation sensitivity of LS/BL cells and it yielded a Do of 1.05 Gy. The results show that LS/BL cells have a similar radiation sensitivity as other mammalian cells. The liver colony assay used to determine the radiation sensitivity of the lymphosarcoma LS/BL cells can also be used whenever the number of viable tumour cells in a suspension is to be estimated. PMID- 6689592 TI - Evolutionary and social aspects of disease. AB - There are important interactions between disease and organic evolution, between disease and cultural evolution, and between all three. Social behaviour influences disease and is influenced by it. Disease and disease mortality are woven into the complex of behavioural and physiological reactions to the stresses of overpopulation, which act to reduce population size. These principles are illustrated with reference to a number of diseases, including vitamin D imbalance, phenylketonuria, lactose intolerance, malaria, sickle cell anaemia, favism, plague, yellow fever, syphilis, ergot poisoning, kuru, and the sweating sickness. PMID- 6689594 TI - Antalgic activity of calcitonin: effectiveness of the epidural and subarachnoid routes in man. AB - Human and salmon synthetic calcitonins were employed by the epidural or subarachnoid routes of administration in nine patients suffering from chronic, intractable oncological pain. The aim of the study was to investigate the analgesic effect of the hormone by the above-mentioned routes when a lower amount than that commonly used in the normal parenteral route is injected. Both calcitonins produced an effective analgesia, the difference between human and salmon calcitonin seeming to be mainly concerned with the duration of the action, which is short for human and more prolonged (up to 12 hours) for salmon calcitonin. No irritating meningeal phenomena and no respiratory difficulties were observed during the treatment. Our results suggest that epidural administration of synthetic salmon calcitonin may be considered a practical solution in the management of intractable oncological pain. PMID- 6689595 TI - Aminoglycoside antibiotics. XV Chemical conversion of neomycin B to paromomycin I, 6"'-deamino-6"'-hydroxyneomycin B and 6"'-deamino-6"'-hydroxy-paromomycin I. PMID- 6689596 TI - Studies on the derivatives showing local anesthetic actions of several acidic antiinflammatory drugs, aiming at the possibility of treatment for leprous neuritis. PMID- 6689597 TI - Presence in mouse bone marrow of mediator-dependent cytotoxic effector cells against tumors. AB - The role of bone marrow cells as cytotoxic effector cells against tumor cells was examined in vitro. Bone marrow cells from normal C3H/He mice could lyse murine MM46 tumor cells in the presence of wheat germ agglutinin or syngeneic antitumor antibody. Bone marrow cells alone did not cause lysis. Eleven other lectins (concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweek mitogen, Lens culinaris hemagglutinin, Ulex europaeus agglutinin, peanut agglutinin, Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin, Bauhinia purpurea agglutinin, soybean agglutinin, Limulus polyphemus agglutinin and Helix aspersa agglutinin) did not induce cytolysis. Enrichment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) by the method of free flow electrophoresis enhanced the activity of WGA-dependent cytolysis. These results suggest that PMNs series in the bone marrow of normal mice can lyse tumor cells with appropriate mediators. PMID- 6689598 TI - Hormonal control of the development and release of rhythmic ecdysis behaviours in insects. PMID- 6689599 TI - Unusual presentation of lymphoma (a case report). PMID- 6689600 TI - [Studies on human placental extract (Intacellin): I. Effect of intacellin on leukopenia in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor cells]. PMID- 6689601 TI - Anisotropic membranes with carboxypeptidase G1. AB - Anisotropic polysulfone membranes were prepared with carboxypeptidase G1 embedded in the polymer structure. The enzymatically active flat and hollow-fiber membranes were obtained by precipitating the polymer from solution in an organic mixture in which an aqueous solution of the enzyme had been dispersed. The process has been found to be particularly suitable for the immobilization of enzymes in anisotropic hollow fibers that exhibited no detectable enzyme leakage upon perfusion. The pH profiles measured with the enzyme in free solution and in the embedded form were similar. Kinetic parameters of multitubular enzyme reactors were investigated by measuring the rate of hydrolysis of glutamate from folic acid or methotrexate at different flow rates and substrate concentrations. The relatively slow mass transfer in such reactors was found to affect strongly the observed kinetics. The results of in vitro experiments with 5000 fiber reactors suggest that hollow fiber cartridges prepared with such membranes have clinical potential for the extracorporeal removal of methotrexate from blood. PMID- 6689602 TI - A portable data acquisition system for research into impotency in males. PMID- 6689603 TI - Enzymological aspects of blood coagulation. AB - Recent studies on the mechanism of initiation and regulation of blood coagulation are reviewed. In the intrinsic blood coagulation pathway, factor XII, prekallikrein (or factor XI) and high molecular weight kininogen from a complex on an anionic surface, such as exposed subendothelium at the site of vascular trauma. In complex, zymogen factor XII activates prekallikrein (or factor XI) by limited proteolysis to initiate the coagulation cascade. A similar initiating mechanism may be operative in the extrinsic pathway, where zymogen factor VII, complexed with a lipoprotein (tissue factor) and calcium ions, converts factor X to factor Xa. Factor Xa converts prothrombin to thrombin which converts soluble fibrinogen to an insoluble fibrin network which physically arrests the flow of blood from the damaged vasculature. In addition, thrombin converts protein C to activated protein C. Activated protein C functions as a negative regulator in the coagulation process by degrading factor VIIIa and factor Va. PMID- 6689604 TI - The reaction of hemoglobin with paraquat radicals in the presence and absence of O2. AB - Paraquat radicals generated with xanthine oxidase in N2 reduced methemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin. In air, reduction to oxyhemoglobin occurred but at one third the rate. In air the reaction was 10 times faster and gave greater overall reduction to oxyhemoglobin than with O2 generated at a similar rate. Aerobic methemoglobin reduction in the presence of paraquat was inhibited by superoxide dismutase. It is concluded that paraquat radicals reduce methemoglobin directly in air and that this reaction must be very fast with a rate constant of the order of 10(9) M-1 s 1. This is an example where paraquat radicals in air do not all react with O2. It cannot therefore be assumed that the radical reactions of paraquat in air are due solely to O2 and its products. PMID- 6689605 TI - Changes in phospholipid vesicles size induced by amphipathic antibiotics of iturin group. AB - As shown by gel filtration and freeze-fracture, amphipathic antibiotics, iturin A and bacillomycin L, increased by about five fold the size of small unilamellar vesicles of saturated lecithins, above their transition temperature. PMID- 6689607 TI - [Failures at in vitro fertilization: electron microscopic studies of unfertilized oocytes and undivided ova]. AB - We have examined by electron microscopy the non fertilized oocytes and the non divided eggs after assay of in vitro fertilization. We have observed three blocking points; 1) absence of fusion of the gametes, either because of oocyte immaturity or over-maturity, either because of spermatozoa phagocytosis by follicle cells transformed in phagocytic cells, in presence of intra or extra cellular bacteria; 2) fusion of the gametes but absence of spermatic nucleus decondensation; 3) fusion of the gametes and pronuclei formation but absence of amphimixy. Two causes are evident: failure of oocyte maturation in vivo or in vitro, and bacterial contamination problems after female or male infra-clinical infections. PMID- 6689606 TI - Conformational analysis of mixed monolayers of phorbol ester and phospholipid. AB - A computational approach was used to study the conformation of mixed monolayers of amphiphilic molecules in order to characterize the assemblage of phospholipids around tumor-promoting and biologically inactive phorbol esters. The theoretical model was in fair agreement with both experimental data obtained in mixed monolayers of phorbol esters and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine spread at an air water interface and the binding of phorbol esters to phospholipid bilayers. Thus, the present method may represent a useful tool to predict the orientation and molecular interaction of amphiphilic drugs at the membrane level. PMID- 6689608 TI - A method for cooperative or noncooperative binding studies using nonlinear regression analysis on a microcomputer. AB - Ligand-macromolecule interactions are studied by nonlinear regression analysis performed using a microcomputer (SYMAG-Micromachine 3000/Z). The basic phenomenon is described by the Clark equation B = (Formula: see text), where B and F represent bound and free ligand, respectively, Ni the total concentration of binding sites, and Ki their corresponding affinity constant. The programs of calculation have been extended also for Hill and for Adair equations using the Gauss algorithm described by E. E. Beaulieu and J. P. Raynaud [Eur. J. Biochem. 13, 293 (1970)]. A statistical test of F type is introduced to test the quality of the fit and compare the representations of the phenomenon using the different equations. PMID- 6689609 TI - Early changes in material properties of rabbit articular cartilage after meniscectomy. AB - We have correlated early material and biochemical changes in articular cartilage in a surgical model for cartilage degeneration. Medial meniscectomy was performed on the left knee of 17 adult, female New Zealand white rabbits. The equilibrium Young's modulus of cartilage was assessed by an indentation test in situ at defined sites on the medial and lateral tibial plateaus of the operated and control knees; the cartilage was then excised and analyzed biochemically. Focal changes were consistently observed in the medial surface of the operated knee. The equilibrium modulus and the glycosaminoglycan content fell rapidly, reaching a minimum by 2 weeks after surgery; the lateral tibial surface was essentially unaffected. Six months after surgery, the glycosaminoglycan content had returned to normal and the modulus to near normal. Independent measurements on cored plugs from the medial surface 2 weeks after surgery revealed a significant decrease in both the dynamic stiffness and the streaming potential in the operated knee compared with the control. The findings suggest that normal ambulatory loads in vivo will deform the affected medial cartilage much more than normal. It remains to be seen if altered mechanical stresses are solely responsible for initiating and sustaining matrix remodeling by the chondrocytes. PMID- 6689610 TI - Graft-versus-host disease in lymphoblastic lymphoma following blood transfusions. AB - The case of a 20-year-old man with lymphoblastic lymphoma in leukemic phase succumbing to acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following intensive chemotherapy and blood transfusions is described. Such a documented association has rarely been reported in the literature. The issue of irradiating blood components prior to transfusion in patients with suspected cell-mediated immunodeficiency receiving intensive chemotherapy is raised and discussed. PMID- 6689611 TI - Epidemiology and occupational health information system. PMID- 6689612 TI - [Primary structure of cDNA of Bos taurus kappa-casein macropeptide]. AB - By means of nucleotide sequencing in a library of clones, containing cDNA of Bos taurus mammary gland, a clone corresponding to kappa-casein has been identified. In addition, the region encoding for the complete nucleotide sequence of cDNA of kappa-casein B macropeptide has been detected. The nucleotide changes in the DNA sequence have been identified which mean that the isolated clone corresponds to the genetic variant B of kappa-casein. PMID- 6689613 TI - Unilateral pulmonary edema after drainage of a spontaneous pneumothorax: case report and review of the world literature. AB - Unilateral pulmonary edema has been associated with a variety of clinical disorders including post re-expansion of a pneumothorax. We present a case of unilateral pulmonary edema following chest tube drainage of a spontaneous pneumothorax. A literature review of this complication is reported, the pathophysiology explored and therapeutic measures examined. PMID- 6689614 TI - Effect of postoperative immobilisation on the regrowth of the knee joint semilunar cartilage: an experimental study. AB - Bilateral total medial meniscectomy was undertaken in the knee joints of 12 adult greyhounds. One-half of the animals had one meniscectomised joint immobilised by an external fixation system for 5 weeks following meniscectomy. All animals were sacrificed 6 months after surgery. The menisci (regrown and normal) were examined for collagen content and analysed histochemically to assess collagen assembly and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution. Although the collagen content of regrown tissues were not statistically different from normal medial or lateral menisci, the fibre development and GAGs were abnormal. It is concluded that movement following meniscectomy is likely beneficial to the matrix formation in the regenerating tissue, but this together with weight bearing may have a detrimental effect on articular cartilage of the medial joint compartment. PMID- 6689615 TI - [Graphic representation of physiologic parameters on digital computers]. PMID- 6689616 TI - Computer applications in radiation therapy treatment planning. AB - A virtual revolution in computer capability has occurred in the last few years, based largely on rapidly decreasing cost and increasing reliability of digital memory and mass storage capability. These developments have now made it possible to consider the application of both computer and imaging technology to a much broader range of problems in radiation therapy including dose computation, therapy planning and treatment verification. In this paper, a review of the current status in the United States of dose computational algorithms for photon beam and electron beams and treatment planning display is presented. PMID- 6689617 TI - 7 alpha-Methylnorethindrone enanthate 10 beta-hydroperoxide: isolation and characterization. AB - 10 beta-Hydroperoxy-7 alpha-methylnorethindrone 17-heptanoate (II), a product of allylic autoxidation of 7 alpha-methylnorethindrone enanthate (I), has been isolated and characterized. The synthesis of the hydroperoxide (II) from the 3 ethylene ketal of 7 alpha-methylnorethynodrel (III) was achieved. Esterification of alcohol (III), subsequent deketalization, and photochemical oxygenation resulted in the hydroperoxide (II). Reduction of the hydroperoxide (II) to the 10 beta-alcohol (VI) and acetylation of (II) to the 10 beta-acetoxyperoxide (VII) are described. A single subcutaneous injection of the compounds (II), (VI), and (VII) to rats failed to produce long term inhibition of fertility in contrast to the parent compound (I) which is at least five times more effective than norethindrone enanthate as measured by suppression of vaginal cornification and estrous cycles. PMID- 6689618 TI - Dopamine discharge in orthostatic hypotension and paroxysmic hypertension; opposing aspects of dopamine action. PMID- 6689619 TI - [Studies on the medicinal plants of Chinese Zingiberaceae. IV. The structure of stahlianthusone]. PMID- 6689620 TI - [Comparison between the Nd YAG Q-switched laser and the mode-switched type. Preliminary note]. PMID- 6689621 TI - [Computerization of a card-index of central retinal vein occlusion]. PMID- 6689622 TI - Immunoregulatory mechanisms: dissection and diagnosis with monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6689623 TI - Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation of the red orbit syndrome. AB - Outlined is a coherent differential diagnostic approach to the neuro-ophthalmic syndrome of the "red orbit" that is accompanied by visual loss or diplopia that too frequently is misconstrued as intracranial pathology. PMID- 6689624 TI - [Introduction to the etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune forms of thyroid diseases]. AB - Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are representing typical endocrine disorders caused by dysfunction of the immune system. In this context the occurrence of thyroid cell-specific autoantibodies is regarded as a characteristic indicator of autoimmunity. HLA-linked, disturbed lymphocytic interactions are discussed as the etiologic factors of these diseases because of their inability to discrime between "self" and "not-self". Hypothetically the underlying mechanism is an error in the immunosuppressive reaction, either by a quantitative or functional diminution of so-called suppressor cells or by a lacking of antigen-specific antiidiotypic antibodies. PMID- 6689625 TI - [A fast program for calculating multifactorial risks]. PMID- 6689626 TI - [Sucralfate and ulcer]. PMID- 6689627 TI - Total synthesis of heterocyclic steroids+, Part VII. Synthesis of (+/-)-8,13 diaza-3-thia-A-norgona-1,5(10)-dien-17-one. AB - The total synthesis of (+/-)-8,13-diaza-3-thia-A-norgona-1,5(10)-dien-17-one (XII) was achieved starting from 2-(2-thienyl) ethylamine (VII) and 3 succinimidopropionyl chloride (IX) as the A and D ring precursors respectively. PMID- 6689628 TI - Angiotensin II induced release of prostaglandins from rat uterus. AB - The effect of Angiotensin II (A-II) on 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and prostaglandin F (PGF) production by the rat uterus was studied using a novel superfusion technique. The method of superfusion used allows prostaglandin synthesis in the myometrium and endometrium to be measured independently while their anatomical relationship is undisturbed. Prostaglandins were measured by radioimmunoassay. In uterine horns from castrated, estrogen treated rats, A-II (10(-6)M) stimulated the production rate of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the myometrium nd PGF in the endometrium. Sterile horns and pregnant horns coexisting in the same animals showed different responses when superfused with culture medium containing A-II (10(-6)M). In the sterile horns A-II failed to stimulate prostaglandin synthesis whereas in the pregnant horns there was a significant increase in the production rate of both 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGF in the decidua (endometrium) and of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the myometrium. Our results suggests that the effect of A-II on prostaglandin synthesis by the rat uterus appears to be dependent of the hormonal milieu of the experimental animal. Estrogen stimulated A-II induced PG synthesis. Progesterone inhibited the synthesis of PGs caused by A-II in non-decidualized uterus but stimulated the release of PG in the decidualized uterus. The apparent differential effect of A-II in stimulating prostaglandin synthesis in the whole uterus indicates that there are different pathways for prostaglandin production in both the endometrium and myometrium. PMID- 6689629 TI - [Serum fractionation by gel filtration at a high flow rate: use for diagnostic purposes]. AB - High flow rates permit drastic reduction of time required in human serum fractionation by gel filtration giving relatively pure IgM. Fractionation of human serum on Bio-Gel A5m, Superose 6B and Sephacryl S-400, packed in 0.9 X 30 cm columns, at flow rate of 24 cm/h gives IgM fractions employable in diagnosis, in one hour time only. PMID- 6689630 TI - [Goiter in childhood]. AB - In this review on goitre in pediatric age we will differentiate clinical conditions of euthyroidism, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. From an etiopathogenetic point of view we are observing a decrease in endemic goitres due to a defective iodide intake with diet. More common are the defects in hormonal synthesis, genetically transmitted; the connections between immune system and thyroid diseases, e.g. Hashimoto thyroiditis and Grave's disease, are discussed. We will also deal with minor goitre conditions, such as the rare familial peripheral resistance to thyroid hormones. PMID- 6689631 TI - [Microbiological diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis in urogenital diseases]. PMID- 6689633 TI - A guide to the radiographic identification of prosthetic heart valves: an addendum. AB - Several years ago "A Guide to the Radiographic Identification of Prosthetic Heart Valves" (Circulation 57:613, 1978) described the radiographic silhouettes of 40 different cardiac prosthesis in clinical use. Since that time a number of prostheses have been developed and introduced to clinical practice. Ten of these newer prostheses manufactured by six domestic companies were photographed and radiographed as they would be expected to appear in standard chest radiographs. The radiographic silhouettes are described and distinguishing features are discussed. PMID- 6689632 TI - Reduction of coronary reserve: a mechanism for angina pectoris in patients with arterial hypertension and normal coronary arteries. AB - The pathogenesis of angina pectoris in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to arterial hypertension and with normal coronary arteries remains uncertain. We measured coronary blood flow (argon method) in 12 control subjects and in 16 patients with arterial hypertension at rest and after intravenous administration of dipyridamole (0.5 mg/kg). In the patients with arterial hypertension, coronary blood flow response to dipyridamole was markedly reduced (p less than .001 as compared with control values). During coronary vasodilation there was a linear correlation between coronary resistance and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r = .67, p less than .001). Left ventricular catheter biopsy specimens did not reveal alterations in myocardial microvasculature. These findings suggest that reduction of coronary reserve may be an important contributor to the pathogenesis of angina pectoris in these patients. PMID- 6689634 TI - Assessment of left ventricular contractile state after anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries. AB - When compared with intra-atrial baffle repairs for D-transposition of the great arteries (TGA), anatomic correction offers the theoretic advantage that it results in the use of the left ventricle (LV) as the systemic ventricle. Although the long-term success of this procedure depends on the function of the LV, little is known regarding LV postoperative contractile state. The LV end-systolic pressure-dimension and wall stress-shortening (% delta D) relationships, sensitive indexes of contractility, were studied during methoxamine-induced increases in afterload in eight patients with TGA and intact ventricular septa and in four patients with TGA and associated lesions. The patients with TGA and intact ventricular septa underwent pulmonary artery banding when they were between the ages 0.1 and 1.1 years (mean 0.4) to prepare the LV for anatomic correction. Age at repair ranged from 0.3 to 1.8 years (mean 1.0) and that at study from 1.7 to 6.7 years (mean 3.3). The interval from correction to study was 0.4 to 4.8 years (mean 2.3). End-systolic pressure was estimated from a calibrated suprasternal notch tracing. End-systolic dimension, wall thickness, and % delta D were determined by M mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, and end-systolic wall stress was then calculated. Results were compared with previously reported normal values. The pressure-dimension and wall stress-% delta D relationships were normal in 10 of 12 TGA patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6689635 TI - A comparison of the electrophysiologic effects of intravenous and oral amiodarone in the same patient. AB - In 12 patients (nine with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and three with ventricular tachycardia) the electrophysiologic effects of intravenous (5 mg/kg body weight in 1 min) and oral (total dose 9800 to 11,200 mg) amiodarone were studied with programmed stimulation of the heart. Intravenous and oral amiodarone had a similar (p less than .05) effect of lengthening on the effective refractory period of the atrioventricular node. Only intravenous amiodarone prolonged (p less than .05) the AH interval. Oral amiodarone was more effective than intravenous amiodarone in lengthening the anterograde effective refractory period of the accessory atrioventricular pathway. Only oral amiodarone prolonged the effective refractory period of atrium and ventricle and the HV interval, all significantly (p less than .05). Intravenous amiodarone slowed (p less than .05) the rate of circus-movement tachycardia in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and further slowing was observed after oral amiodarone. Termination of tachycardia by intravenous amiodarone predicted prevention of reinitiation of tachycardia during oral amiodarone. These data indicate that intravenous and oral amiodarone do not have the same electrophysiologic effects. It is not clear whether cumulative effects, active metabolites, or both are responsible for these differences. PMID- 6689637 TI - Protective effect of early and late treatment with nifedipine during myocardial infarction in the conscious dog. AB - The effect of early and late nifedipine treatment on collateral blood flow and myocardial infarct size was investigated in 24 previously instrumented conscious dogs. Nifedipine was infused intravenously for 5 hr beginning 15 min (n = 9) and 3 hr (n = 6) after permanent occlusion of the midcircumflex coronary artery and compared with early and delayed vehicle treatment (controls; n = 9). Doses of nifedipine (90 to 168 micrograms/hr) were titrated to reduce mean arterial pressure by 5% to 10%. After animals died or were killed 2 to 7 days later, the anatomic risk region, or occluded coronary bed, was defined by postmortem coronary arteriography. The masses of infarct and risk region were measured by planimetry of weighed transverse sections of the left ventricle. Infarct size was smaller (p less than .05) with early and late nifedipine treatment compared with control, both as percent of left ventricle (15.6% and 14.6% vs 21.6%) and as percent of risk region (46.7% and 41.6% vs 65.7%). Collateral blood flow, measured with radioactive microspheres, increased 31% to 50% during 5 hr of nifedipine treatment, but the mean increase was not statistically greater than that seen in controls. Myocardial protection by nifedipine occurred consistently when epicardial collateral flow exceeded 0.40 ml/min/g and the increase after the drug was at least 0.1 ml/min/g. When flows were less than these amounts, however, only about half of the animals demonstrated reduced infarct size. The results suggest that an increase in collateral flow accounts for part of the beneficial effect of nifedipine but that direct mechanisms not mediated by flow may also contribute. PMID- 6689636 TI - Imaging and characterization of acute myocardial infarction in vivo by gated nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Imaging by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques has been shown to provide high-contrast resolution between soft tissues and characterization of normal and pathologic tissues by differences in magnetic relaxation times. The current study was designed to determine whether electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated NMR imaging of the canine heart in vivo could distinguish normal from infarcted myocardium without the use of intravenous paramagnetic contrast agents. Seven dogs were studied by ECG-gated NMR imaging in vivo (spin-echo technique) with a 0.35 Tesla superconducting magnet at 2 to 7 days after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. In six of the seven dogs, signal intensity was increased in the anterior wall compared with the remainder of the left ventricle; this region of high signal intensity corresponded to the area of myocardial infarction demonstrated at postmortem examination. The signal intensity of the infarcted region was 66 +/- 27% greater than that of normal myocardium (p less than .01). The T2 (spin-spin) relaxation time was 69 +/- 3% longer in the infarcted myocardium as compared with normal myocardium (p less than .01). The NMR images from the seventh dog had uniform signal intensity throughout the myocardium of the left ventricle. An infarct was not evident on postmortem examination in this dog. Thus gated NMR imaging in vivo by the spin-echo technique displays acute myocardial infarctions as regions of high signal intensity without the use of contrast media. The infarct is characterized by a prolonged T2 relaxation time. PMID- 6689638 TI - A method for quantitating antifibrillatory effects of drugs after coronary reperfusion in dogs: improved outcome with bretylium. AB - We developed a quantitative approach to assess the antifibrillatory effects of short-term interventions in a canine preparation of ventricular fibrillation caused by coronary reperfusion, and applied it to evaluate the antifibrillatory effects of bretylium tosylate. Twenty-five dogs were given 10 mg/kg infusions of bretylium over 10 min, subjected to a 20 min proximal left anterior descending coronary artery ligation followed by sudden release, and compared with 25 animals given saline placebo. Drug infusion was begun 90 min before reperfusion to avoid evaluation of outcome during the phase of drug-induced catecholamine release and to allow adequate time for bretylium uptake in the myocardium. The relationship between the likelihood of ventricular fibrillation during reperfusion and the amount of myocardium perfused by the occluded vessel (myocardium at risk) was analyzed with the logistic risk-regression model. This model was developed to control for the effects of amount of myocardium at risk on outcome. For both the bretylium and the placebo groups the incidence of ventricular fibrillation correlated significantly with amount of myocardium at risk. However, animals treated with bretylium had an improved outcome for a given amount of myocardium at risk. In other words, the curve relating outcome to myocardium at risk was shifted significantly to the right. The amount of myocardium at risk required for half the placebo-treated animals to fibrillate was 20.3 g and that required for half the bretylium-treated animals to fibrillate was 27.9 g, or 37% more than that for the placebo group. This logistic risk-regression analysis format permits quantification of treatment effects while accounting for variability in amount of myocardium at risk. PMID- 6689639 TI - Induction and termination of triggered activity by pacing in isolated canine Purkinje fibers. AB - The clinical importance of delayed afterdepolarizations and resultant triggered activity as a cause of cardiac arrhythmias is uncertain. We studied the response of ouabain-induced delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity to a pacing protocol similar to those used clinically in an effort to quantify the types of responses to pacing that occur as a result of this arrhythmogenic mechanism. Isolated canine Purkinje fibers were superfused with 2 X 10(7)M ouabain until delayed afterdepolarizations occurred and attained an amplitude of 5 mV at a paced cycle length of 500 msec. We then studied the induction of triggered activity in these fibers by pacing. We found that: (1) As the pacing cycle length decreased, the coupling interval from the last paced beat to the first triggered beat decreased and 83% of fibers developed triggered activity. (2) The coupling interval of the first triggered beat after single (S2) or double (S2S3) premature beats was in part dependent on preceding pacing cycle lengths. S2 pacing induced triggered activity in 39% of fibers, and S2S3 pacing induced triggered activity in 48% of fibers. We then studied the termination of ouabain induced sustained rhythmic activity by pacing: 89% of sustained rhythmic activity could be terminated by overdrive pacing at a cycle length less than or equal to 300 msec. The coupling interval of the first beat or first delayed afterdepolarization after the termination of overdrive decreased as pacing cycle length decreased. S2 premature beats reset the sustained rhythmic activity and terminated 14% of sustained rhythmic activity. The coupling interval of the first escape beat or delayed afterdepolarization after S2S3 premature beats decreased as the S2S3 interval shortened, and S2S3 terminated 26% of sustained rhythmic activity. Pacing at an S1S1 cycle length of 400 msec followed by an S2 terminated 50% of sustained rhythmic activity; S1S1 at a cycle length of 400 msec followed by S2S3 terminated 85% of sustained rhythmic activity. This quantitative demonstration of the responses of delayed afterdepolarizations, triggered activity, and sustained rhythmic activity to pacing may be useful in differentiating these from other mechanisms for arrhythmias. PMID- 6689640 TI - Coagulant activities of platelets in coronary artery disease. AB - Platelets have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, and a number of studies have examined platelet function and coagulation parameters in such patients. We have examined platelet coagulant activities, volumes, and aggregate ratios in 23 patients with chest pain, seven of whom had normal coronary angiograms (group I) and 16 of whom had angiographically proven coronary artery disease (group II). There were no significant differences in the mean values for platelet volume or platelet aggregate ratios between the two groups. The platelet coagulant activities concerned with initiation and the early stages of intrinsic coagulation were significantly increased in patients in group II as compared with those in group I. No significant differences were noted between the two groups with respect to prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and plasma levels of fibrinogen and coagulation factors V and VIII. However, the mean activity in plasma of antithrombin III (but not the level of antithrombin III antigen) was significantly lower in patients of group II compared with group I. Overall, our observations provide evidence for an enhanced contribution of platelets to the intrinsic coagulation system in patients with coronary artery disease. The platelet coagulant hyperactivity noted in these patients may reflect a role of platelets in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease or may be secondary to the underlying arterial disease. PMID- 6689641 TI - Reflected reentry in nonhomogeneous ventricular muscle as a mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias. AB - Arrhythmogenesis in ventricular muscle exhibiting nonhomogeneous excitability was studied in isolated tissues from feline and canine hearts. Longitudinal bundles were mounted in a three-chambered bath and simultaneous transmembrane recordings were obtained from fibers in each chamber. Nonhomogeneous excitability was established by depressing only the central segment (1 to 2 mm wide) with high-K+ Tyrode's solution, which induced discontinuity of propagation associated with step delays mediated by electrotonic current flowing through the depressed zone. When transmission delays were long, activity distal to the site of block returned to proximal tissue as one of two forms of reflected reentry, each elicited by a different mechanism. Type I reflection, occurring with antegrade delays of 30 to 60 msec, was characterized by an early secondary depolarization due to electrotonic spread of currents from delayed responses in the depressed segment. Type II reflection evolved with delays greater than 90 msec and was manifest as a closely coupled regenerative action potential that developed independently of a pacemaker mechanism and of slow but continuous conduction. We conclude that delayed activation of excitable elements, which occurs when propagation is discontinuous, may lead to rhythm disturbances of focal origin that are mediated by electrotonic interactions across a zone of depressed tissue. PMID- 6689642 TI - Coronary blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in swine. AB - Recent papers have raised doubt as to the magnitude of coronary blood flow during closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We will describe experiments that concern the methods of coronary flow measurement during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Nine anesthetized swine were instrumented to allow simultaneous measurements of coronary blood flow by both electromagnetic cuff flow probes and by the radiomicrosphere technique. Cardiac arrest was caused by electrical fibrillation and closed-chest massage was performed by a Thumper (Dixie Medical Inc., Houston). The chest was compressed transversely at a rate of 66 strokes/min. Compression occupied one-half of the massage cycle. Three different Thumper piston strokes were studied: 1.5, 2, and 2.5 inches. Mean aortic pressure and total systemic blood flow measured by the radiomicrosphere technique increased as Thumper piston stroke was lengthened (mean +/- SD): 1.5 inch stroke, 23 +/- 4 mm Hg, 525 +/- 195 ml/min; 2 inch stroke, 33 +/- 5 mm Hg, 692 +/- 202 ml/min; 2.5 inch stroke, 40 +/- 6 mm Hg, 817 +/- 321 ml/min. Both methods of coronary flow measurement (electromagnetic [EMF] and radiomicrosphere [RMS]) gave similar results in technically successful preparations (data expressed as percent prearrest flow mean +/- 1 SD): 1.5 inch stroke, EMF 12 +/- 5%, RMS 16 +/- 5%; 2 inch stroke, EMF 30 +/- 6%, RMS 26 +/- 11%; 2.5 inch stroke, EMF 50 +/- 12%, RMS 40 +/- 20%. The phasic coronary flow signal during closed-chest compression indicated that all perfusion occurred during the relaxation phase of the massage cycle. We concluded that coronary blood flow is demonstrable during closed-chest massage, but that the magnitude is unlikely to be more than a fraction of normal. PMID- 6689643 TI - Potential adverse effects of volume loading on perfusion of vital organs during closed-chest resuscitation. AB - To determine whether expansion of blood volume improves vital organ perfusion pressures and blood flow during closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs, we recorded intracranial and high-fidelity ascending aortic and right atrial pressures and measured total and regional blood flow with radioactive microspheres during cardiopulmonary resuscitation before and after rapid infusion of 1 liter of saline or dextran in 12 animals. Volume loading increased total forward blood flow from 327.1 +/- 50.9 to 692.7 +/- 105.9 ml/min (p less than .01). However, blood flow to the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brainstem, and ventricular myocardium all decreased significantly. For example, blood flow to the left cerebral hemisphere fell from 16.5 +/- 2.4 to 5.5 +/- 1.7 ml/min/100 g (p less than .001), while left ventricular myocardial blood flow fell from 12.0 +/- 3.1 to 4.1 +/- 0.8 ml/min/100 g (p less than .05). These changes in critical regional flow were accompanied by disproportionate increases in right atrial and intracranial pressures (relative to aortic pressure), which reduced the average pressure differences generated across the coronary and cerebral circulations from 11.0 +/- 2.5 to 3.7 +/- 1.3 mm Hg (p less than .01) and from 16.1 +/- 2.3 to 10.5 +/- 1.5 mm Hg (p less than .01), respectively. The overall rise in forward flow was associated with a marked increase in extracranial, brachiocephalic blood flow. These findings suggest that large increments in blood volume can reduce vital organ perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation despite an increase in total forward blood flow. PMID- 6689644 TI - The QT interval during reflex cardiovascular adaptation. AB - We examined the relationship between changes in heart rate and the measured QT interval of the electrocardiogram in healthy subjects after exercise and during breath holding, hyperventilation, the dive reflex, the Valsalva maneuver, and the cold-pressor test. The tachycardia of exercise was accompanied by the familiar shortening of the QT interval, but substantial heart rate changes encountered in other more "sedentary" maneuvers were accompanied by very small changes in QT. Calculating the corrected QT in the latter instances, therefore, yielded spurious results. The data suggest very little, if any, direct effect of heart rate on the QT interval. The length of the interval in healthy subjects appears to be determined largely by reflexly elicited discrete autonomic influences. Those associated with exercise result in QT shortening but, during neurally mediated cardiovascular adjustments that do not involve exercise, QT is maintained within narrow limits. PMID- 6689645 TI - Facilitation of macroreentry within the His-Purkinje system with abrupt changes in cycle length. AB - We have recently described the ability of abrupt short-to-long changes in atrial cycle length (CL) to prolong refractoriness of the His-Purkinje system (HPS) and increase the likelihood of aberrant ventricular conduction. We have also shown similar functional behavior in retrograde refractoriness of the HPS during changes in ventricular CL. To further assess these characteristics we evaluated the effect of abrupt short-to-long change in ventricular CL on the phenomenon of macroreentry within the HPS (Re-HPS) in 20 patients in whom Re-HPS occurred during application of a ventricular extrastimulus (V2) at a constant ventricular CL (method I) and/or with abrupt short-to-long change in CL (method II). For both methods V2 was coupled to a CL of identical duration, designated the reference CL (CLR). In method I the CLs preceding (CLP) the CLR equaled CLR, whereas in method II CLP was less than CLR. The results showed a dramatic increase in occurrence of Re-HPS with abrupt short-to-long change in CL with Re-HPS occurring in 19 patients with this method compared with in 11 patients during constant CL. In 10 patients manifesting Re-HPS with both methods the associated retrograde conduction (V2H2) delays were equal or less during abrupt short-to-long changes in CL and, remarkably, there were concomitantly shorter antegrade conduction (H2V3) delays compared with at a constant CL. Moreover, despite the resulting shorter V2V3, additional Re-HPS beats were also more likely to occur with abrupt short-to-long change in CL compared with at a constant CL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6689646 TI - Venous responses to salt loading in hypertensive subjects. AB - It has been previously suggested that salt loading produces structural changes of the arteries in hypertensive patients who respond to salt loading with a greater rise of blood pressure. This study examined the possibility that salt loading alters venous distensibility in hypertensive patients. Twenty-one patients with essential hypertension were placed on a low-sodium diet (70 meq) for 7 days and then were placed on a high-sodium diet (345 meq) for 7 days. Patients were arbitrarily divided into two groups based on the response of their blood pressure to salt loading: (1) those whose mean blood pressure increased by more than 10% while on the high-salt diet as compared with those on the low-salt diet (salt responsive patients, n = 8) and (2) those whose mean blood pressure did not increase by more than 10% (salt-nonresponsive patients, n = 13). The venous pressure-volume relationship was determined in the forearm with a water-filled plethysmograph when patients were on the low- and high-salt diet. Venous pressure volume curves were not different between salt-responsive and salt-nonresponsive patients while on the low-salt diet. High-salt intake shifted the curve toward the pressure axis for salt-responsive patients (p less than .05) but not for salt nonresponsive patients. Phentolamine, 1 mg administered intravenously for 5 min, did not significantly alter venous pressure-volume curves for either group while on the low- or high-salt diet. These results suggest that salt loading decreased venous distensibility in salt-responsive patients, which resulted from nonadrenergic mechanisms: structural changes of the veins could perhaps be included as one of these mechanisms. PMID- 6689647 TI - Relationship between central hemodynamics and regional blood flow in normal subjects and in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - Central and regional (hepatic, renal, and limb) hemodynamic data are presented for a normal population (n = 16) and for a group of patients with congestive heart failure (n = 64). The patient population represented a wide spectrum of severity of congestive heart failure. Various relationships between central and regional hemodynamics were analyzed. The results indicate that in congestive heart failure blood flow to hepatic, renal, and limb regions is significantly decreased, and that this decrease is proportional and linearly related to the reduction in cardiac output. The vascular resistances of these regions correlated directly with systemic vascular resistance. Changes in renal vascular resistance and renal blood flow became attenuated as the severity of the heart failure advanced from moderate to severe and at higher levels of systemic vascular resistance. There was little to no correlation between systemic blood pressure and liver, kidney, and limb blood flow for the range of systemic pressures studied. PMID- 6689649 TI - Noninvasive evaluation of the ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow in atrial septal defect by duplex Doppler echocardiography. AB - The ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow (Qp/Qs) was noninvasively evaluated by duplex Doppler echocardiography in 22 patients with atrial septal defects (ASDs). Right and left ventricular stroke volumes (RSV, LSV) were determined from the recordings of ejection blood flow velocity and diameter at the level of the pulmonary and aortic orifices in each ventricular outflow tract. The ratio RSV/LSV, determined by the duplex Doppler echocardiography, was compared with Qp/Qs by oximetry. The RSV/LSV for 10 normal subjects was 0.99 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SD), whereas the RSV/LSV for patients with ASD, 2.26 +/- 0.63, was significantly higher than that for normal subjects (p less than .01). In patients with ASD, a fairly good correlation was found between RSV/LSV and Qp/Qs (r = .92, p less than .01; y = 1.11x - 0.30), and this high correlation was found even in patients with complications such as pulmonary hypertension, mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, Eisenmenger complex, and ventricular septal defect. We also found that semilunar valve regurgitation modified the value of RSV/LSV in accordance with the degree of regurgitation. These findings indicate that, with a few limitations, the Doppler index RSV/LSV is clinically useful in the estimation of the magnitude of the shunt flow in patients with ASD and that the limitations could be overcome by additional Doppler examination. PMID- 6689648 TI - Bayesian analysis of data from radionuclide angiocardiograms for diagnosis of coronary artery disease. AB - A continuous Bayesian model was developed by fitting a beta-function to the frequency distributions of resting ejection fraction, exercise ejection fraction, and change in end-systolic volume during exercise measured by radionuclide angiocardiography in a group of 249 men with coronary artery disease (CAD) and in a group of 56 men without disease. This model, then prospectively applied to 250 men with chest pain, did not increase the overall accuracy of the test but did increase the diagnostic content for individual patients. The diagnostic efficacy of the continuous Bayesian model was compared with previously determined optimal discrete criteria of a positive or negative test. Patients with CAD showed a maximum and mean increase in probability of disease of +0.58 and +0.11, respectively, by the continuous Bayesian model and +0.14 and +0.05, respectively, by discrete criteria. Men without significant disease showed a maximum and mean decrease in probability of disease of -0.73 and -0.38, respectively, by Bayesian analysis and -0.36 and -0.27, respectively, by optimal discrete criteria. Moreover, all 29 patients who died during a 35 month interval after study had a probability of CAD of 0.95 or greater by the continuous Bayesian model. These findings indicate that Bayesian analysis of radionuclide angiocardiographic test results with continuous distributions of left ventricular function measurement enhances the diagnostic and prognostic information for individual patients with symptoms suggestive of CAD. PMID- 6689650 TI - Significance of ventricular arrhythmias initiated by programmed ventricular stimulation: the importance of the type of ventricular arrhythmia induced and the number of premature stimuli required. AB - An increasing number of premature ventricular stimuli are being used during programmed stimulation of the heart in the investigation of patients with documented or suspected ventricular arrhythmias. To analyze the significance of the different types of ventricular arrhythmias that are initiated, we evaluated in a prospective study the effect of from one to four ventricular premature stimuli in 52 patients without (non-VT group) and 50 patients with (prior-VT group) documented ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. More than half of the patients in the prior-VT group had coronary heart disease. In the majority of patients of the non-VT group the heart was normal. In 44 of the 50 patients in the prior-VT group the clinically documented ventricular arrhythmia was initiated by programmed ventricular stimulation of the heart. In 88% of these 44 patients, one or two ventricular premature beats were required to initiate the clinical arrhythmia. A ventricular arrhythmia could be initiated in 31 of the 52 patients in the non-VT group. The ventricular arrhythmias included nonsustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (two patients), six to 25 complexes of sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (24 patients), and ventricular fibrillation (five patients). In 70% of patients in the non-VT group three or four ventricular premature beats were required to initiate the ventricular arrhythmia. Our results indicate that not only the number of extrastimuli required to initiate ventricular arrhythmias but also the type of ventricular arrhythmia initiated differed between the two groups of patients. Nonsustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation are nonspecific responses to aggressive stimulation protocols. PMID- 6689651 TI - The results of transvenous endomyocardial biopsy can frequently be used to diagnose myocardial diseases in patients with idiopathic heart failure. Endomyocardial biopsies in 100 consecutive patients revealed a substantial incidence of myocarditis. AB - Transvenous endomyocardial biopsy is an accepted method to evaluate cardiac transplant rejection, but the clinical diagnostic value of the technique for other forms of cardiac disease has not been established. We performed biopsies in 100 consecutive patients without significant complications. The pathologic diagnostic information obtained was judged to be useful to the clinician in 54 and not useful in 46 patients. In 74 patients with congestive heart failure of unknown etiology and a dilated heart, useful pathologic diagnoses included myocarditis, vasculitis, doxorubicin cardiomyopathy, and congestive cardiomyopathy. In most of the patients with biopsy findings of myocarditis there were no other clinical or laboratory findings indicating the presence of this disease, and the diagnosis of myocarditis would have been overlooked without a biopsy. In 26 patients in whom there was clinical evidence of constrictive or restrictive cardiovascular physiologic characteristics, useful biopsy diagnoses included radiation-induced cardiomyopathy, endomyocardial fibrosis, amyloidosis, or no myocardial disease; in the patients without myocardial disease thoracotomies were performed for constrictive pericarditis. Transvenous endomyocardial biopsy can provide clinically useful information in the evaluation of diseases of the myocardium. PMID- 6689652 TI - Colipase and lipase secretion in childhood-onset pancreatic insufficiency. Delineation of patients with steatorrhea secondary to relative colipase deficiency. AB - Pancreatic lipase and colipase secretion was assessed in 64 patients with pancreatic disease, 24 of whom had steatorrhea, and in 14 control subjects. A wide range of lipase and colipase secretion was seen in patients both with and without steatorrhea. Considerable loss of pancreatic lipase and colipase secretion had to occur before steatorrhea developed, as the highest hourly secretion of lipase and colipase in this group of patients was less than 4% and less than 2%, respectively, of the lowest values recorded in normal subjects. Colipase and lipase outputs were very strongly correlated (r = 0.96) throughout the range of pancreatic function. Lipase was always unsaturated with respect to colipase, but in only a limited number of patients with relatively low pancreatic secretion was the degree of unsaturation greater than 2 standard deviations below the mean. The importance of low saturation or low colipase secretion was evident in a group of 11 patients with a narrow range of lipase secretion in a transitional zone between secretion rates associated with steatorrhea and with normal fat excretion. In this group, 7 patients were identified in whom colipase deficiency appeared to be the sole cause of steatorrhea. The correlation of colipase secretion with the level of fecal fat excretion was highly significant (p less than 0.001) and indicated that fat digestion and subsequent fat absorption depended on colipase secretion up to at least a level of 25% fecal fat excretion. Nonpancreatic factors could well govern the extent of fat absorption above this level, as colipase secretory values in this range were uniformly low. PMID- 6689653 TI - Rectal biopsy helps to distinguish acute self-limited colitis from idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. AB - A retrospective blind evaluation of rectal biopsy specimens from 44 patients with acute self-limited colitis and 104 patients with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease was done. Seven histologic features proved highly discriminant because they occurred often in idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease but rarely, if at all, in acute self-limited colitis. The features with a high predictive probability (87%-100%) of diagnosing idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease were distorted crypt architecture, increased numbers of both round cells and neutrophils in the lamina propria, a villous surface, epithelioid granuloma, crypt atrophy, basal lymphoid aggregates, and basally located isolated giant cells. One or more of these features was present in 79% of all idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease cases. They were seen in both acute and chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. The biopsy features favoring acute self limited colitis were less useful. Biopsy diagnosis of acute self-limited colitis is thus primarily based on the absence of histologic criteria favoring idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. This study provides objective validation of histologic criteria in rectal biopsy that help differentiate acute self-limited colitis from idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6689654 TI - Effect of partial exclusion of pancreatic juice on rat basal pancreatic secretion. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the relationship between the percentage of pancreatic secretion diverted from the intestine and pancreatic exocrine secretion in conscious rats. Rats with cannulas draining bile and pancreatic juice had increasing percentages (0%-100%) of their pancreatic secretion diverted from the intestine while all bile was returned. Stimulation of pancreatic protein and fluid output by diversion of pancreatic juice from the intestine did not occur if 10% of the volume of pancreatic juice secreted was returned to the intestine. Return of 5% of pancreatic secretion reduced the pancreatic protein response by half (compared with complete diversion). The results are interpreted as evidence for a threshold in negative feedback regulation by luminal proteases whereby increased pancreatic secretion does not occur until luminal protease activity is reduced by greater than 90%. The results also suggest that inhibition of pancreatic secretion by proteases in pancreatic juice is far more effective than inhibition by proteases (e.g., trypsin) infused singly. PMID- 6689655 TI - Cytotoxicity of mononuclear cells for autologous colonic epithelial cells in colonic diseases. AB - Macrophage-depleted isolates of mononuclear cells from the colonic mucosas of 25 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis or Crohn's colitis were cytotoxic for autologous colonic epithelial cells, as were mononuclear cells from their peripheral blood. This was markedly reduced by trypsinizing the mononuclear cells and was restored by a 1-h exposure of the trypsinized cells to 25% vol/vol heat inactivated autologous plasma. Trypsinization of the target cells had no effect on cytotoxicity. Mononuclear cells that adhered to plates coated with heat aggregated immunoglobulin G contained the effectors. It was suggested that this phenomenon was a form of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in which the effector cells rather than the targets were "armed" by antibody. Cytotoxicity for autologous colonic epithelial cells was also shown by colonic mononuclear cells but not by mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood in a group of 40 patients with colorectal tumors, and by 1 of 4 patients with diverticulitis. This cytotoxicity was markedly reduced by trypsinizing the colonic mononuclear cells but was not restored by exposing the trypsinized cells to autologous plasma. Colonic mononuclear cells that adhered to plates coated with heat-aggregated immunoglobulin G contained the effectors. It seems likely that this cytotoxicity was spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 6689657 TI - Azathioprine and the liver. Evidence favoring idiosyncratic, mixed cholestatic hepatocellular injury in humans. AB - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus developed jaundice and biochemical evidence of hepatic dysfunction 3 wk after initiation of azathioprine therapy. A liver biopsy specimen was obtained, and it showed canalicular cholestasis and centrilobular ballooning of hepatocytes. Clinical and serologic assessment excluded other causes of hepatic dysfunction, such as viral hepatitis, administration of other drugs, or worsening of the collagen disease and the patient was improved 2 wk after azathioprine was discontinued. This case adds further evidence that azathioprine is an idiopathic hepatotoxin with the potential for combined cholestatic and hepatocellular injury in humans. PMID- 6689656 TI - Neural control of the sphincter of Oddi. Physiologic role of enkephalins on the regulation of basal sphincter of Oddi motor activity in the cat. AB - The effect and physiologic role of enkephalins on the sphincter of Oddi was studied in the cat. Leucine- and methionine-enkephalin caused an initial sphincter of Oddi contraction followed by a more prolonged relaxation. The excitatory effect of leucine-enkephalin was antagonized partially by atropine and by methysergide infusion. It was completely blocked by a combination of atropine and methysergide infusion, by tetrodotoxin, by 5-hydroxytryptamine depletion induced by reserpine, and by 5-hydroxytryptamine tachyphylaxis. Naloxone infusion decreased sphincter of Oddi motor activity, which was reversed by tetrodotoxin. Maximal sphincter of Oddi relaxation was induced by doses of naloxone (40 micrograms/kg) that antagonized a maximal dose of morphine. Higher doses of naloxone (640 micrograms/kg) were needed to block maximal doses of enkephalin (8 micrograms/kg). The enkephalin inhibitory action was blocked only by tetrodotoxin. These findings indicate that (a) leucine-enkephalin has two receptor sites on the sphincter of Oddi--one at the serotonergic neurons and the other at noncholinergic, nonadrenergic inhibitory neurons, and (b) opioid peptides participate in the intramural excitatory pathway to the sphincter of Oddi. PMID- 6689659 TI - Aneurysm of the intrahepatic branch of the portal vein. Report of two cases. AB - Two patients in whom real-time ultrasonography and percutaneous transhepatic portography or the venous phase of the arteriogram of the superior mesenteric artery demonstrated a localized saccular dilation of a peripheral branch of the portal vein are described. One patient subsequently died, and autopsy confirmed the diagnosis. A hypoechoic lesion continuous with a branch of the portal vein seems to be the characteristic sonographic picture. Radiologic evidence for portal vein aneurysm was obtained in only 2 of 300 patients with portal hypertension in whom percutaneous transhepatic portography was performed, and in 2 of 3000 patients who visited our unit and in whom ultrasonography for the liver was performed. Thus, aneurysm of the intrahepatic portal vein does occur, but very rarely. PMID- 6689658 TI - D-penicillamine-induced myasthenia gravis in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - A 62-yr-old woman with recently diagnosed primary biliary cirrhosis was started on D-penicillamine, 250 mg twice daily. Within 9 mo, she developed myasthenia gravis, associated with elevated antiacetylcholine receptor antibody titers and abnormalities of single-fiber electromyography. The D-penicillamine was withdrawn and pyridostigmine bromide was prescribed. The latter drug was slowly reduced, and at the end of 6 mo stopped, after a full recovery by the patient. The clinical response was paralleled by a fall in the antiacetylcholine receptor antibody titer into the normal range and reversal of the previously abnormal single-fiber electromyographic findings. The human leukocyte antigen type of the patient was not that typically associated with classic myasthenia gravis. It is suggested that D-penicillamine-induced myasthenia gravis is due to an independent effect of the drug on the immune system rather than to the unmasking of subclinical myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6689660 TI - Relative colipase deficiency as a cause of fat malabsorption in humans and the importance of the law of mass action for clinical medicine. PMID- 6689661 TI - Acute versus chronic colitis: how and when to distinguish by biopsy. PMID- 6689663 TI - Skin changes in Menetrier's disease. PMID- 6689662 TI - Antivirals in chronic hepatitis B--problems of small clinical trials. PMID- 6689664 TI - On the safety of "Golytely". PMID- 6689665 TI - Measurement of cell proliferation. PMID- 6689666 TI - Diet and the short bowel. PMID- 6689667 TI - Radionuclide test meals in achalasia. PMID- 6689668 TI - Beneficial effects of hepatitis. PMID- 6689669 TI - IgM anti-HBc. PMID- 6689670 TI - Duodenal volume and osmoreceptors in the stimulation of human pancreatic secretion. AB - It is generally accepted that the intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion is initiated by the stimulation of chemoreceptors sensitive to fat and protein degradation products and hydrogen ions. The effect of the volume and osmolality of food emptied by the stomach into the duodenum has received less attention. We investigated the effects of these factors on the stimulation of pancreatic secretion by studying 8 healthy male volunteers (ages 23-69 yr), in random order on 3 separate days. On day 1, an amino acid mixture (L-phenylalanine, L tryptophan) was infused intraduodenally at increasing rates, 0.2, 0.8, and 3.2 ml X min-1. On day 2, normal saline was infused into the intestine at the same increasing rates. On day 3, mannitol solutions of increasing osmolality 370, 520, and 700 mosmol X kg-1 were infused into the duodenum at 0.2 ml X min-1. Duodenal contents were continuously aspirated via a double-lumen tube and PEG 4000 was used as a recovery marker. All studies were repeated 90 min later during i.v. infusion of atropine (20 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1). Increasing volumes of amino acids significantly increase amylase and bicarbonate output (p less than 0.05) in a stepwise fashion. Increasing volumes of saline also caused a similar stepwise increase in amylase and bicarbonate output. Furthermore, increasing osmolality caused an increase in enzyme output up to 520 mosmol X kg-1 and no increase was seen thereafter. The responses seen with volume and osmolality were approximately 40% of that obtained with the amino acids. All responses were significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) during atropine infusion. We conclude that the human duodenum contains receptors for volume and osmolality that stimulate both pancreatic enzyme and bicarbonate secretion. Both mechanisms are atropine sensitive, suggesting they are mainly neurally mediated. PMID- 6689671 TI - The vagus exerts trophic control of the stomach in the rat. AB - Bilateral subdiaphragmatic truncal vagotomy results in great functional changes in the stomach although the changes in the gastric mucosal architecture are small. A trophic effect of the vagus on the stomach is revealed after unilateral vagal sectioning, taking advantage of the fact that, in the rat, each vagal trunk innervates only one side of the stomach, and that denervation of one side does not impair the functional capacity of the other. The denervated side of the stomach displayed atrophy that was reflected in reduced weight and height of the oxyntic mucosa and a reduced density of argyrophil cells. The lack of atrophy after bilateral vagotomy can be explained by counteracting forces, in that the subsequent rise in gastrin secretion (due to lack of acid feedback inhibition of gastrin release) probably masks antitrophic effects of the vagotomy per se. Interestingly, the number of somatostatin cells in the oxyntic mucosa was not reduced after unilateral vagotomy, nor was the weight of the antral mucosa or the density of enterochromaffin and gastrin cells in the antrum on the denervated side. PMID- 6689672 TI - Studies of Campylobacter jejuni in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Cultures, serology, and immunohistochemical tests for Campylobacter jejuni were performed on 74 patients with inflammatory bowel disease of various disease activity and in healthy and diseased control populations. Fecal cultures were negative in all groups tested. Antibodies to C. jejuni were assessed both by a complement fixation assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to multiple serotypes of the organism. Antibody titers in inflammatory bowel disease patients and control populations were similar, and titers in these groups were significantly lower than in patients with acute Campylobacter enteritis. Intestinal tissues examined for Campylobacter antigens by an indirect fluorescent antibody assay were negative. These data do not etiologically implicate C. jejuni in Crohn's disease or chronic ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6689673 TI - Esophageal dysplasia. Assessment by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. AB - This study was performed to determine the characteristics of esophageal dysplasia by scanning electron microscopy. A total of 82 esophageal biopsy specimens were taken from 30 patients who were divided into three groups. Group 1 patients had no known esophageal disease. Group 2 patients had squamous cell cancer. Group 3 patients had esophagitis. Mucosal biopsy specimens that had been diagnosed by light microscopy as normal, esophagitis, or dysplastic mucosa were examined by scanning electron microscopy. A characteristic appearance for each type of mucosa was recognized by scanning electron microscopy. A quantitative analysis of the scanning electron microscopy feature of microridge density showed a statistically significant difference not only between normal and dysplastic mucosa, but also between esophagitis and dysplastic mucosa. The addition of scanning electron microscopy to light microscopy may prove helpful in the diagnosis of dysplasia as well as in the understanding of the biologic behavior of dysplastic cells and possibly their relationship to esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 6689674 TI - Effects of omeprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, on gastrointestinal secretions, serum gastrin, and gastric mucosal blood flow in dogs. AB - In dogs with gastric fistulas and vagally denervated Heidenhain pouches, omeprazole, a benzimidazole derivative infused intravenously or given intraduodenally, dose-dependently inhibited gastric acid secretion, which had been induced by histamine, pentagastrin, or urecholine. It also suppressed gastric acid response to physiologic stimulants such as sham-feeding and gastric peptone meal without affecting serum gastrin level. The inhibition of histamine induced acid secretion was accompanied by a parallel reduction in the mucosal blood flow, but no significant alteration in the ratio (R) value, indicating that omeprazole primarily affected gastric acid secretion but did not limit gastric mucosal microcirculation. Omeprazole, infused into the Heidenhain pouch, caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the Heidenhain pouch response to intravenous histamine without any significant change in the acid response of the main stomach and plasma concentrations of the drug. This indicates that omeprazole may exhibit local inhibitory action on the oxyntic glands. Omeprazole did not affect gastric mucosal integrity or the rate of alkaline secretion from the gastroduodenal mucosa or the pancreas stimulated by duodenal acidification or secretin. PMID- 6689675 TI - Methods for the determination of epithelial cell kinetic parameters of human colonic epithelium isolated from surgical and biopsy specimens. AB - The purpose of this study is to introduce the application of new approaches to the determination of human colonic epithelial cell kinetic parameters. The isolation of pure and intact colonic epithelium from both surgical and biopsy specimens forms the basis of these approaches. The isolated epithelium is used in the determination of cell kinetic parameters by (a) flow cytometry, (b) Coulter counting, (c) dried cell preparations, and (d) crypt squashes. Using these methods, the following results were derived. The proportion of cells in the various phases of the cell cycle in the sigmoid epithelium was determined to be 81.6% +/- 2.15% (means +/- SE) in G1/G0 phase, 15.2% +/- 1.86% in S phase, and 3.2% +/- 0.62% in G2 + M phases. In the rectal epithelium, there were 79.6% +/- 3.35% in G1/G0 phase, 16.4% +/- 4.86% in S phase, and 4.08% +/- 1.90% in G2 + M phases. The total cell population in sigmoid epithelium was approximately 4.2 X 10(6) +/- 5.46 X 10(5) cells per cm2, and there were approximately 2.5 X 10(3) +/ 1.57 X 10(2) cells in each colonic crypt. Therefore, the number of crypts per square centimeter of human sigmoid mucosa could be estimated to be approximately 1.68 X 10(3). Lastly, in sigmoid epithelium, columnar cells of human sigmoid mucosa could be estimated to be approximately 1.68 X 10(3). Lastly, in sigmoid epithelium, columnar cells accounted for 76.3% +/- 6.18% of the epithelial cells, whereas the remaining epithelial cells, 23.7% +/- 4.08%, consisted of mucous cells. PMID- 6689676 TI - Effects of nifedipine on esophageal motor function in humans: correlation with plasma nifedipine concentration. AB - We studied the effects of the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine on esophageal smooth muscle function in 10 normal volunteers. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure and relaxation and esophageal contraction amplitude, peristalsis, velocity, and duration after wet swallows were determined before and for 120 min after the sublingual/buccal administration of placebo and of nifedipine in doses of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg. Blood samples for measurement of plasma nifedipine concentration were obtained at baseline and every 30 min during this 120-min period. Nifedipine led to decreases in sphincter pressure of 13.3%, 29.9%, 34.3%, and 35.1% as the dose was increased from 10 mg to 40 mg. These changes were significantly (p less than 0.05) different from baseline and placebo for the 20-, 30-, and 40-mg doses and were more sustained with the higher doses, lasting as long as 90 min. Contraction amplitude fell 5.3%, 5.9%, 13.5%, and 19.6% at the corresponding doses. These changes were significantly (p less than 0.05) different from baseline and placebo only for the 30- and 40-mg doses, with the effect lasting up to 60 min. Peak plasma nifedipine concentration ranged from 28.7 +/- 3.7 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) after 10 mg to 138.7 +/- 43.7 ng/ml after 40 mg of the drug, and occurred at either the 30- or 60-min measurement. The mean percent of decrease in sphincter pressure and contraction amplitude in the esophageal body correlated (p less than 0.001) with plasma nifedipine levels. There were no changes in sphincter relaxation or in peristalsis, velocity, or duration of contraction with any dose of nifedipine. It is concluded that (a) nifedipine significantly decreases lower esophageal sphincter pressure and contraction amplitude in the body of the esophagus, (b) the effect on sphincter pressure requires a lower dose of nifedipine and is more marked than that on contraction amplitude, and (c) the effects on both sphincter pressure and contraction amplitude correlate with plasma nifedipine levels. Calcium-channel blockers such as nifedipine may have a role in the treatment of motility disorders of the lower esophageal sphincter or esophageal body, and further controlled clinical studies are indicated. PMID- 6689677 TI - N-terminal tryptic fragment of big gastrin. Metabolism and failure to influence gastrin 17-evoked acid secretion in humans. AB - The metabolism and some biological properties of the N-terminal 1-17 sequence of human big gastrin (G-34) were studied during infusion in 5 human volunteers. Radioimmunoassay of the 1-17 fragment in plasma indicated rapid clearance (t1/2, 2.4 min). In doses of 75-1000 pmol X kg-1 X h-1, 1-17 G-34 did not, however, influence basal acid output or G-17-stimulated acid output. Gel filtration of plasma samples taken during the infusion indicated the presence of the 1-17 fragment of G-34, together with three other immunoreactive species. Two of these correspond to N-terminal G-34 immunoreactive forms previously found in human peripheral circulation. A fourth immunoreactive component that eluted late on Sephadex G50 was identified for the first time. This component also occurred in fasting human plasma, where it was the only detectable form of N-terminal G-34 immunoreactivity; its concentration increased during infusion of 1-17 G-34. The identification of this fragment and its concentrations in human circulation after feeding deserves further study. Because the fragments of 1-17 G-34 do not occur in antral extracts, and are not produced when G-34 or its N-terminal fragments are incubated in plasma in vitro, they are presumed to be generated from the 1-17 sequence by the action of peptidases found on capillary walls. The elucidation of the mechanisms involved is essential for an understanding of the metabolic pathways of gastrin. PMID- 6689678 TI - Dopamine infusion studies in patients with pathological hyperprolactinemia: evidence of normal prolactin suppressibility but abnormal dopamine metabolism. AB - The cause of pathological hyperprolactinemia (PHP) is not known, although it has been postulated that lactotroph refractoriness to dopamine (DA) is an important factor. We, therefore, studied PRL suppressibility in response to iv DA administered in a dose designed to achieve peripheral plasma DA concentrations in the range reported in rat pituitary portal plasma. Nine normal subjects and 14 patients (8 with probable microadenomas and 6 with macroadenomas) with PHP were studied during a 4-h infusion of 0.5 micrograms/kg X min DA. Serum PRL levels decreased in normal subjects to 18 +/- 3% (mean +/- SEM) of initial basal levels, not significantly different from the fall to 22 +/- 2% of basal levels found in patients with PHP. Maximal PRL suppression in patients with probable microadenomas (21 +/- 2%) was not significantly different from that in those with macroadenomas (22.8 +/- 2.0%). Upon cessation of DA infusion, there was a rapid rebound in PRL release, which was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in patients (155 +/- 15%) than in normal subjects (118 +/- 13%). Plasma DA levels were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy and were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in patients than in normal subjects during the infusion. The MCR for DA in normal subjects (12.5 +/- 2.8 liters/kg X h) was significantly greater (P less than 0.005) than that in patients (6.2 +/- 0.5 liters/kg X h). The data show that the release of PRL in patients with PHP is not refractory to physiological concentrations of DA, but that there is an abnormality of peripheral DA metabolism in these patients. We conclude that the development of PHP is unlikely to be due to insensitivity of lactotrophs to endogenous DA and that patients with PHP have a systemic disturbance of DA metabolism. PMID- 6689679 TI - Varying bioactive to immunoactive ratios of the human chorionic gonadotropin-like substance present in normal human tissues. AB - To further characterize the hCG-like substance found in normal nonpregnant human tissues, we compared the biological (B) and immunological (I) activities of the substance in extracts of 40 nontrophoblastic tissues and 7 placentas. B was measured in an in vitro mouse testicular interstitial cell bioassay, and I was measured in the beta hCG RIA. Highly purified hCG (CR 119) was used as a standard. B was detected in 92% of the nontrophoblastic nonpituitary tissues. Parallelism between serial dilutions of extracts and the hCG standard was found for 75% of the pituitary extracts, 86% of the placental extracts, and 53% of the other tissues. The correlation between B and I activities in the nontrophoblastic nonpituitary tissues was good (r = 0.8; P less than 0.001). Preincubation of the tissue extracts with anti-hCG serum before bioassay significantly reduced the B activity. There was wide variation in the B to I ratio between tissues and within the same tissues from different individuals. A B to I ratio less than 1 was found in 50% of the tissues, excluding placenta and pituitary, and may have been due to the presence of incomplete or altered hCG molecules, which are immunologically active but have reduced B activity. PMID- 6689680 TI - Surface markers and function of circulating thyroid autoantibody-producing cells. AB - The in vitro synthesis of antithyroglobulin (anti-Tg) and antithyroid microsomal (anti-M) autoantibodies by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases was investigated using sensitive immunoradiometric assays. Cultures were carried out in the presence or in the absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Thyroid autoantibodies were undetectable in supernatants of MNC cultures from 9 normal subjects. Supernatants of MNC cultured without PWM had detectable levels of anti-Tg and anti-M in 5 (19.3%) and in 2 (7.7%) of 26 patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases, respectively. In the presence of PWM, a marked increment in the antibody concentrations occurred in all but 1 of these cultures, and the number of positive cultures increased to 13 (50.1%) for anti-Tg and to 15 (57.7%) for anti-M. Studies of MNC fractions depleted of T lymphocytes (non-T cells) were carried out on selected patients showing antibody synthesis only after PWM stimulation. Autoantibody production was not found with non-T cells, but the effect of the mitogen was restored by readdition of T cells. Irradiation (1000 rad) of T cells before coculturing significantly enhanced autoantibody production. With this model no significant functional difference was found between autologous and allogenic T cells from thyroid autoimmune disease patients or from normal subjects. The cells involved in PWM-driven thyroid autoantibody synthesis, as defined by depletion studies, were lymphocytes bearing DR antigens and surface immunoglobulin G (IgG) without detectable surface immunoglobulin M (IgM). Depletion from MNC suspensions of Tg binding cells abolished PWM-stimulated anti-Tg production, but did not alter the synthesis of anti-M. Further studies were carried out on MNC from a single patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, whose non-T cells consistently produced large amounts of anti-M and total IgG in the absence of PWM. The addition of PWM to these unfractionated MNC slightly increased the production of anti-M, but inhibited antibody synthesis after depletion of T lymphocytes. Interestingly, the addition of autologous T lymphocytes to non-T cells inhibited the spontaneous synthesis of anti-M. These data indicate that in vitro synthesis of anti-Tg and anti-M by MNC may be frequently induced by stimulation with PWM in patients with thyroid autoimmune disorders. PWM-stimulated synthesis of thyroid autoantibodies appears to be T-cell dependent and modulated by radiosensitive T lymphocytes. The cells responsible for PWM-dependent thyroid autoantibody synthesis are B lymphocytes with surface membrane IgG and have receptors specific for the autoantigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6689681 TI - Tissue dihydrotestosterone levels and clinical response to hormonal therapy in patients with advanced prostate cancer. AB - Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were measured by RIA in tumor tissue from 32 men with advanced prostate cancer and correlated with their clinical responses to antiandrogen therapy. In 24 patients with tumor tissue DHT levels greater than 2.5 ng/g, 20 initially responded to therapy with partial objective regression or were objectively stable for 12 or more months, while 4 patients relapsed in less than 1 yr. The average disease-free interval in this group was 24 months, with 9 patients still continuing in partial objective regression or objective stability. Of 8 patients with DHT levels less than 2.0 ng/g, 5 had either objective progression or were objectively stable for 6 months or less; 2 other patients have completed remissions ranging from 16-24 months, while 1 patient remains objectively stable for 21 months to date. The average disease-free interval in patients with DHT levels less than 2.0 ng/g was 9.75 months, which is significantly less (P less than 0.001) than that of patients with DHT levels greater than 2.5 ng/g. There was no discernible relationship between the Gleason histological grade of prostate cancer and initial clinical response to therapy in these same patients. In summary, this study supports the thesis that tissue DHT levels may be a useful marker for predicting the clinical response of prostate cancer to antiandrogen therapy. PMID- 6689682 TI - The monodeiodination of triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine in man: a quantitative evaluation of the pathway by the use of turnover rate techniques. AB - These studies were performed to evaluate the quantitative role of monodeiodination in the peripheral metabolism of T3 and rT3 in man. As a prerequisite step, the serum concentrations of two diiodothyronines (T2s), 3,5-T2 and 3',5'-T2, were established by specific RIAs. In 20 normal subjects, mean (+/- SEM) serum concentrations of 3,5-T2 and 3',5'-T2 were 0.40 +/- 0.18 and 2.07 +/- 0.13 ng/dl, respectively. The mean concentrations of both T2s were significantly increased in hyperthyroidism. In primary hypothyroidism, the mean 3,5-T2 concentration was not significantly different from normal, but 3',5'-T2 concentrations were undetectable in the majority of subjects. In the first experiments, the MCRs of rT3 and all three T2s were derived by the constant infusion method. Seven normal subjects were infused simultaneously with the three 125I-labeled T2s for 12 h, and in four of the subjects, [131I]rT3 was also administered. The MCRs (liters/day . 70 kg; mean +/- SEM) were: rT3, 130 +/- 17; 3,5-T2, 168 +/- 15; 3,3'-T2, 621 +/- 84; and 3',5'-T2, 305 +/- 45. The daily production rates (PR; micrograms per day/70 kg; mean +/- SEM) were: rT3, 29.1 +/- 1.0; 3,5-T2, 0.6 +/- 0.1; 3,3'-T2, 20.8 +/- 4.1; and 3',5'-T2, 5.7 +/- 2.1. In the four subjects who received [131I]rT3, the serum T2 concentrations and PRs were also derived by turnover rate techniques. At equilibrium, 2.0 +/- 0.7% and 6.0 +/- 1.6% of [131I] rT3 were found as [131I]3,3'-T2 and [131I]3',5'-T2, respectively. The serum T2 concentrations were derived by the product of these percentages and the serum rT3 concentrations and compared with those obtained by T2 RIA. The serum 3',5'-T2 concentration was 1.3 +/- 0.4 ng/dl (tracer), and its PR was 3.4 +/- 1.1 micrograms/day (tracer); these values were closely correlated with those obtained by RIA. Serum 3,3'-T2 concentrations were 0.4 +/- 0.2 ng/dl (tracer) and 2.7 +/- 0.4 ng/dl (RIA), and the PRs were 3.2 +/- 1.6 micrograms/day (tracer) and 20.3 +/- 5.7 micrograms/day (RIA), indicating that rT3 5' deiodination contributes only a small proportion of serum 3,3'-T2 and its PR. An analysis of the rT3 PR and the 3,3'-T2 and 3',5'-T2 PRs derived from the turnover of rT3 revealed that 28% of the rT3 produced was degraded by monodeiodination. Of this total, 49% of the deiodination occurred at the 5' position and 51% occurred at the 5 position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6689683 TI - Protein binding of cortisol in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - A method devised previously to precisely measure the concentration of unbound cortisol was used to compare plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 34 patients. In CSF the percentage of free cortisol was 88.4 +/- 6.3% (mean +/- SD). Its concentration was 4.94 +/- 2.00 ng/ml, only one third of the concentration of unbound cortisol in plasma of the same patients (14.3 +/- 8.8 ng/ml). Total and unbound cortisol in CSF were correlated with unbound cortisol in plasma; however, this correlation was rather loose (r = 0.527 and 0.554, respectively) due to large individual variations. Moreover, at high concentrations of unbound cortisol in plasma, the ratio of total cortisol in CSF/unbound cortisol in plasma was decreased. Thus, it is impossible to simply consider cortisol in CSF as a dialyzate of cortisol in plasma. The binding of cortisol in CSF was due to a protein having the electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels of plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), and displaying the same hormonal specificity. The concentration of this protein was measured in 16 individual patients. This concentration, when expressed per protein content, was about two thirds of that of plasma CBG, and this ratio was extremely variable in individual patients. Individual variations of cortisol-binding globulin in CSF could not be attributed to variations of CBG in plasma nor to variations of protein content in CSF. There was an inverse relationship (r = 0.888) between unbound cortisol in CSF and the concentration of cortisol-binding globulin in this fluid, showing that CBG exerts a physiological role in CSF. PMID- 6689684 TI - A simple cranial window technique for optical monitoring of cerebrocortical microcirculation and NAD/NADH redox state. Effect of mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors and anoxic anoxia. AB - Fluorescence of NADH and vascular volume of the brain cortex of chloralose anesthetized cats were measured by surface fluororeflectometry. A cranial window and superfusion technique was elaborated for the topical inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport in the brain cortex by amytal (inhibits at site I) and cyanide (inhibits at site III). The changes in NAD/NADH redox state and CVV evoked by these electron transport inhibitors were compared with those elicited by anoxic anoxia. Amytal (10(-3)-10(-1) M) and cyanide (10(-5)-10(-2) M) resulted in a concentration-dependent and reversible increase in cortical NAD reduction and vascular volume, but the cerebrocortical vessels were almost completely dilatated long before maximum NAD reduction was reached. Cyanide at 10(-2) M increased cortical NAD reduction and vascular volume as much as anoxic anoxia. Amytal at 10(-1) M induced approximately half of the NAD reduction evoked by 10(-2) M cyanide or anoxic anoxia, but resulted in only slightly less vasodilatation than that following cyanide and anoxic anoxia. Since amytal inhibits mitochondrial electron transport at site I--and cyanide and anoxia at site III--but induces a comparable degree of vasodilatation, it is concluded that cytochrome oxidase cannot be the single molecular oxygen sensor in the brain cortex. PMID- 6689685 TI - Distribution and properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase in regions of rat brain. AB - NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenases (EC 1.2.1.3) were isolated from various subcellular organelles as well as from different regions of rat brain. The mitochondrial, microsomal, and cytosolic fractions were found to contain 40%, 28%, and 12%, respectively, of the total aldehyde dehydrogenase (5.28 +/- 0.44 nmol NADH/min/g tissue) found in rat brain homogenate when assayed with 70 muM propionaldehyde at pH 7.5. The total activity increased to 17.3 +/- 2.7 nmol NADH/min/g tissue when assayed with 5 mM propionaldehyde. Under these conditions the three organelles contained 49%, 23%, and 9%, respectively, of the activity. The enzyme isolated from cytosol possessed the lowest Km. The molecular weight of the enzyme isolated from all three subcellular organelles was approximately 100,000. Four activity bands were found by electrophoresis of crude homogenates, isolated mitochondria, or microsomes on cellulose acetate strips. Cytosol possessed just two of the forms. The total activity was essentially the same in homogenates obtained from cortex, subcortex, pons-medulla, or cerebellum. Further, the enzyme had the same molecular distribution and total activity in each of these four brain regions. Disulfiram was found to be an in vivo and in vitro inhibitor of the enzymes obtained from these brain regions. Mercaptoethanol, required for the stability of the enzyme, reversed the inhibition produced by disulfiram. The effect was greater for enzyme isolated from cytosol than from mitochondria. Calculations led to the prediction that aldehydes such as acetaldehyde are oxidized in cytosol. PMID- 6689686 TI - Synthesis of gluco- and galactocerebrosides in bovine neurones and oligodendroglia. AB - Oligodendroglial and neuronal perikarya have been isolated from fresh and frozen bovine brain and used to investigate the synthesis of cerebrosides from UDP hexoses and ceramides. The radioactive cerebrosides produced have been identified by TLC of the intact lipids on borate-silica gel and by a combination of acid hydrolysis and ion-exchange chromatography of the liberated hexoses. Incubation of either neuronal or oligodendroglial homogenates with UDP-galactose (UDP-gal) and mixed ceramides (hydroxy plus nonhydroxy fatty acids) leads to the synthesis of hydroxy fatty acid galactocerebroside. This lipid is also formed by both neuronal and oligodendroglial homogenates if the UDP-gal is replaced by UDP glucose (UDP-glu). Formation of glucocerebroside has been observed only in the presence of neuronal homogenates and UDP-glu. Electron microscopic examination of the isolated cell preparations has shown that, although the oligodendroglia are relatively pure, the neurones are contaminated with oligodendroglia, which may account for some of the hydroxy fatty acid galactocerebroside synthesis. When unlabelled UDP-gal is included in the incubations containing cell homogenates, mixed ceramides, and labelled UDP-glu, galactocerebroside formation is greatly reduced, but there is comparatively little effect on glucocerebroside synthesis. In addition, experiments using D-[14C]galactose 1-phosphate and UDP D-[6 3H]glucose simultaneously have shown that the rate of formation of tritiated cerebroside is much greater than that of the 14C-labelled compound.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6689687 TI - Synthesis and turnover of cytoskeletal proteins in cultured astrocytes. AB - We previously reported that the cytoskeleton of rat astrocytes in primary culture contains vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and actin. These proteins were found in a fraction insoluble in Triton X-100 and thought to be assembled in filamentous structures. We now used primary astrocyte cultures to study the kinetics of synthesis and turnover of these cytoskeletal proteins. The intermediate filament proteins were among the most actively synthesized by astrocytes. High levels of synthesis were detectable by the third day of culture in the early log phase of growth, and the pattern of labeling at day 3 was similar to that at 14 days when the cultures had reached confluency. In short term incorporation experiments vimentin, GFAP, and actin in the Triton-insoluble fraction were labeled within 5 min after exposure of the cultures to radioactive leucine. We did not detect any saturation of labeling for up to 6 h of incubation. The turnover of filament proteins studied by following the decay of radioactivity from prelabeled vimentin, GFAP, and cytoskeletal actin displayed biphasic decay kinetics for all three proteins. In the initial phase a fast decaying pool with a half-life of 12-18 h contributed about 40% of the total activity in each protein. A major portion, about 60%, of each protein, however, decayed much more slowly, exhibiting a half-life of about 8 days. PMID- 6689688 TI - Binding characteristics and interactions of depressant drugs with [35S]t butylbicyclophosphorothionate, a ligand that binds to the picrotoxinin site. AB - [35S]t-Butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPT), a cage convulsant with picrotoxinin like activity, binds to rat brain membranes to a single site with an apparent KD of 25.1 +/- 5.6 nM and a Bmax of 1.40 +/- 0.22 pmol/mg protein. TBPT binding to rat brain membranes was inhibited by a variety of convulsant, depressant, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant drugs that had previously been shown to inhibit [3H]alpha-dihydropicrotoxinin binding. Depressant drugs such as pentobarbital and the nonbarbiturate (+)etomidate inhibited TBPT binding in an uncompetitive manner. Thus, pentobarbital and (+)etomidate decreased both the affinity and the number of binding sites of TBPT to whole brain membranes. The IC50 values of (+)etomidate (9 microM) and pentobarbital (90 microM) are similar to the EC50 values at which they enhance both [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid and [3H]diazepam binding in cerebral cortex membranes. RO5-4864, which has recently been shown to be a convulsant, also inhibited TBPT binding (IC50 = 10 microM). These results suggest that TBPT binds to the picrotoxinin site and further supports the notion that the picrotoxinin site is an important modulatory site at the benzodiazepine GABA receptor-ionophore complex. PMID- 6689689 TI - Temperature-dependent kinetic correlates of the activation of the glucocorticoid receptor complex. AB - The effects of temperature on the kinetics of activation were studied in [3H]triamcinolone acetonide[( 3H]TA)-labeled cytosol preparations from mouse whole brain. After removal of unbound [3H]TA and molybdate (which prevents activation) from the unactivated steroid-receptor complex by gel exclusion chromatography, activation was initiated by incubation at 6-30 degrees C for 0.75 24 min and then rapidly quenched at -5 degrees C with Na2MoO4 (20 mM final concentration). The loss of the 9.2S (unactivated) form of the [3H]TA-receptor complex and the concomitant formation of the 3.8S (activated) form increased dramatically with increases in the activation temperature. These hydrodynamic changes were correlated directly with rapid time- and temperature-dependent increases in the binding of [3H]TA-labeled cytosol to DNA-cellulose (DNA-C). Further analyses of these data revealed a greater than 50-fold increase in the apparent first-order rate constant for the increased binding to DNA-C as the activation temperature was increased from 6 degrees C to 30 degrees C. An Arrhenius plot of these temperature-dependent kinetic constants revealed an energy of activation of 116 kJ. These data support a proposed model for activation of the glucocorticoid-receptor complex that includes the splitting of a 297 kDa, unactivated species into a 92 kDa, activated species. PMID- 6689690 TI - Synaptosomal calcium metabolism during hypoxia and 3,4-diaminopyridine treatment. AB - A decline in the calcium-dependent release of neurotransmitters appears to underlie the decreased neuronal function that accompanies reduced oxygen tensions (hypoxia). To determine if alterations in calcium uptake are primary to these changes, synaptosomal calcium uptake was measured in the presence of 100%, 2.5%, or 0% oxygen. Calcium uptake declined 60.2 +/- 0.1 and 82.4 +/- 2.5% with 2.5% and 0% when compared with 100% oxygen, respectively. 3,4-Diaminopyridine stimulated calcium uptake by synaptosomes when they were incubated in low potassium media. It also diminished the hypoxic-induced decline in calcium uptake to 30.6 +/- 3.1 and 33.5 +/- 3.1% with 2.5% and 0% oxygen, respectively. External binding to the synaptosomal plasma membrane declined to 29.2 +/- 0.3 or 11.8 +/- 0.9% when the oxygen tension was reduced to 2.5% or 0% oxygen. 3,4 Diaminopyridine increased this superficial binding from 111.7 +/- 0.3 to 86.5 +/- 0.9 or 23.4 +/- 0.9% with 100%, 2.5%, or 0% oxygen when compared with 100% oxygen without 3,4-diaminopyridine, respectively. Thus, the decline in neuronal processing that accompanies acute hypoxia may be due to altered calcium homeostasis, which diminishes neurotransmitter release. PMID- 6689691 TI - Effect of membrane polyunsaturation on carrier-mediated transport in cultured retinoblastoma cells: alterations in taurine uptake. AB - Neural cell membranes naturally contain a large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid, but the functional significance of this is unknown. An increase in membrane polyunsaturation has been shown previously to affect the high-affinity transport systems for choline and glycine in cultured human Y79 retinoblastoma cells. To test the generality of membrane polyunsaturation effects on transport, we investigated the uptake of other putative neurotransmitters and amino acids by these cells. Taurine, glutamate, and leucine were taken up by both high- and low affinity transport systems, whereas serine, gamma-aminobutyrate, and alpha aminoisobutyrate were taken up only by low-affinity systems. The high-affinity taurine and glutamate and low-affinity serine uptake systems were Na+ dependent. Arachidonic acid (20:4) supplementation of Y79 cells produced enrichment of all the major microsomal phosphoglycerides with 20:4, while docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) supplementation produced large increases in the 22:6 content of all fractions except the inositol phosphoglycerides. Enrichment with these polyunsaturated fatty acids facilitated taurine uptake by lowering the K'm of its high-affinity transport system. By contrast, enrichment with oleic acid did not affect taurine uptake. Glutamate, leucine, serine, gamma-aminobutyrate, and alpha aminoisobutyrate uptake were not affected when the cells were enriched with any of these fatty acids. These findings demonstrate that only certain transport systems are sensitive to the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the retinoblastoma cell membrane. The various transport systems either respond differently to changes in membrane lipid unsaturation, or they are located in lipid domains that are modified to different extents by changes in unsaturation. PMID- 6689692 TI - Adrenalectomy of rats results in hypomyelination of the central nervous system. AB - The effect of adrenalectomy on CNS myelin accumulation was investigated to determine whether glucocorticoids play a role in regulating myelination. When 14 day-old rats were adrenalectomized and sacrificed 7-8 days later, the amount of bulk-isolated myelin in whole brain, as expressed per gram wet weight of brain or per milligram DNA-phosphate, was reduced to about 75% that of sham-operated controls. Both brain weight and DNA content were unchanged by adrenalectomy. Examination of individual brain regions also revealed decreased amounts of myelin in adrenalectomized animals. Brain glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase specific activity was reduced in adrenalectomized animals to 40-60% that of controls, and serum corticosterone levels were less than 0.6% of control levels. The amount of cerebral myelin in animals adrenalectomized on day 21 and sacrificed 9 days later was not significantly reduced. This suggests a possible role of glucocorticoids during the early period of rapid myelination. PMID- 6689693 TI - Lipid peroxidation in vivo induced by reversible global ischemia in rat brain. AB - It has been hypothesized that ischemia, followed by reperfusion, facilitates peroxidative free-radical chain processes in brain. To resolve this question, rats were subjected to reversible global ischemia. From coronal sections of brains frozen in situ, small (ca. 2 mg) amounts of tissue were sampled from neocortex, hippocampus, and thalamus of both cerebral hemispheres of four groups of rats exposed to 30 min cerebral ischemia followed by 0, 30, 60, and 240 min of reperfusion, and from a control group subjected to the same operative procedures, except for the induction of ischemia. Heptane-solubilized total lipid extracts from these samples were analyzed spectroscopically in the 190-330 nm range for content of isolated (nonconjugated) double bonds and of conjugated diene structures; the latter are formed from isolated double bonds during peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. Spectra derived from tissue regions of rats subjected to ischemia, or ischemia followed by reperfusion, were compared to averaged, region-specific control spectra and were normalized to the original content of isolated double bonds in the peroxidized samples. The resultant difference spectra were analyzed in terms of ratios of conjugated diene concentration to the concentration of isolated double bonds originally at risk in the specific tissue zones considered. The peak representing conjugated diene formation was centered at 238 +/- 1 nm and was usually well resolved when the molar ratio [conjugated diene]/[isolated double bonds], expressed as a percentage [( CD]/[IDB]), was greater than 0.25%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6689694 TI - Differential effects of bromocriptine on dopamine and acetylcholine release modulatory receptors. AB - Rabbit neostriatal slices were prelabeled with [3H]dopamine (DA) and [14C]choline and then superfused. The electrical stimulation-evoked release of DA and of acetylcholine (ACh) was abolished by 0.33 microM tetrodotoxin and by low calcium concentrations (0.13 mM). Bromocriptine, a selective D2-DA receptor agonist, inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the evoked overflow of DA and ACh, without affecting the basal efflux of both transmitters. The effects of bromocriptine were antagonized by sulpiride, a specific antagonist of D2-DA receptors. With stimulation at 0.3 Hz and 120 pulses, bromocriptine was eight times more potent in inhibiting the evoked overflow of DA (IC50: 11 nM) than that of ACh (IC50: 83 nM). Stimulations at 3 Hz and 360 pulses markedly reduced the potency of bromocriptine in inhibiting DA and ACh release, and diminished its selectivity for presynaptic receptors. These results indicate that DA receptors that modulate the release of DA and ACh are of the D2 subtype. The greater potency of bromocriptine at pre- than at postsynaptic sites suggests that these receptors may be different in quantity and/or quality [D2-alpha (presynaptic) versus D2-beta (postsynaptic)]. Finally, marked differences in the potency and efficacy of DA agonist actions on DA and ACh release modulatory receptors are obtained, depending on the parameters of stimulation used. PMID- 6689695 TI - Metabolism of 15NH3 in organotypic cerebellar explants and cultured astrocytes: studies with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to study the metabolism of 15NH3 in organotypic cerebellar explants and cultured astrocyte monolayers. A steady-state level of 15NH3 was present by 1 min in both systems. Steady-state labeling in L [amide-15N] glutamine, L-[15N]alanine, L-[15N]glutamate, and L-[15N]aspartate was attained by 1 min after 15NH3 addition in the organotypic cerebellar explants and by approximately 5 min in the cultured astrocytes. No measurable 15N labeling was noted in either glycine or serine in either system. PMID- 6689697 TI - Norepinephrine metabolism in man using deuterium labelling: origin of 4-hydroxy-3 methoxymandelic acid. AB - A double isotope labelling technique was used to simultaneously determine the in vivo turnover rates of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (HMPG) and 4-hydroxy-3 methoxymandelic acid (HMMA, VMA) and the rate of HMPG oxidation to HMMA. Six healthy men were given intravenous injections of [2H3]HMPG and [2H6]HMMA and their plasma and urine samples analysed by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the protium and deuterium species. HMPG and HMMA production rates were calculated by isotope dilution. The rate of HMPG oxidation to HMMA was obtained from the fraction of [2H3]HMPG recovered as [2H3]HMMA. The results showed that the entire production of HMMA, 1.11 +/- 0.21 mumol/h (mean +/- SE), could be accounted for by oxidation of HMPG, 1.49 +/- 0.31 mumol/h. In another experiment designed to avoid expansion of the HMPG body pool, a tracer dose of [14C]HMPG was given to the same subjects. The levels of [14C]HMPG and [14C]HMMA were measured in urine after extraction and separation by thin layer chromatography. Urinary excretion of endogenous HMPG and HMMA was determined by GC/MS. The results showed that the endogenous HMMA fraction of the total HMPG and HMMA urinary excretion rate, 0.57 +/- 0.04, was the same as the fraction of [14C]HMPG oxidized to [14C]HMMA, 0.62 +/- 0.01. Thus, HMPG is the main intermediate in the metabolic conversion of norepinephrine and epinephrine to HMMA in man. PMID- 6689696 TI - Effects of dichloroacetate on brain pyruvate dehydrogenase. AB - The action of dichloroacetate (DCA) on pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity of rat brain has been studied in vitro and in vivo. In a crude brain mitochondrial fraction, DCA inhibits PDH kinase and in rat brain slices this compound increases PDH activity and stimulates glucose oxidation. In the whole animal, intraperitoneal injection of DCA causes activation of brain PDH, indicating that this inhibitor crosses the blood-brain barrier. The same treatment with DCA also produced a large increase in heart PDH activity. Further studies of the effects of DCA on the CNS should lead to results of considerable importance. PMID- 6689698 TI - Isolation and characterization of an unsaturated fatty acid-binding protein from developing chick neural retina. AB - An unsaturated fatty acid-binding protein has been isolated from the cytosol fraction of developing chick neural retina. It has a molecular weight of approximately 14,800 and specifically binds not only added radiolabeled arachidonic and oleic acids but has also been found to bind unsaturated fatty acids endogenously. This protein was detected in chick neural retina at all stages examined, from 8 to 16 days of development. It is also present in chick heart, brain, and retinal pigmented epithelium-choroid as well as in adult bovine neural retina. It is distinct from both cellular retinol-binding protein and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein on the bases of binding specificity and isoelectric point. PMID- 6689699 TI - Effects of calcium, strontium, and barium ions on phosphorylation of hippocampal proteins in vitro. AB - Calcium ion alone or in the presence of added calmodulin stimulated in vitro transfer of 32P from [gamma 32P]ATP into several proteins of mitochondrial and synaptosomal particulate fractions from rat brain. Strontium ion was capable of substituting for calcium ion in this stimulation, but barium ion lacked this capacity. These results bring into question the hypothesis that calcium-dependent protein phosphorylation of synaptic proteins is intrinsic to neurotransmitter release during neurotransmission, but they do not rule out that possibility. PMID- 6689700 TI - [3H]5-Hydroxytryptamine binding sites: species and tissue variation. AB - The characteristics of spiperone inhibition of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine [(3H]5-HT; [3H]serotonin) binding were examined in dorsal (DH) and ventral (VH) hippocampus, corpus striatum (CS) or caudate nucleus (CN), and frontal cortex (FC) in the rabbit, guinea pig, and cat. Some of the properties of spiperone inhibition of [3H]5-HT binding in these species were similar to the properties previously found in the rat. Spiperone was significantly more potent in DH, VH, and FC than in CS or CN. It produced shallow or biphasic inhibition curves, resulting in Hill slopes of less than 1.0. Nonlinear regression analysis of the data showed that the inhibition curves fit a two-site binding model significantly better than a one-site model in each brain region. The dissociation constants of spiperone for the high-affinity binding site (KH) for all the tissues and species, except cat FC and rabbit DH, were very close to those previously found in the rat (2-13 nM). However, the dissociation constants for the low-affinity binding site (KL) were different from those in the rat in all species and tissues examined, except cat FC and CS. The present data are consistent with the concept of multiple 5-HT1 binding sites and suggest the presence of at least two, and perhaps as many as three, groups of sites in the mammalian brain. PMID- 6689701 TI - Mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting with human brain glial fibrillary acidic protein. AB - Three different epitopes on the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have been identified by means of three monoclonal antibodies. The antibodies were named anti-GFAP 1, anti-GFAP 2, and anti-GFAP 3. Antibody specificities were investigated by several techniques including indirect immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. The anti-GFAP 1 antibodies recognized an epitope found on GFAP from all three species tested: human, rat, and ox, but in addition a reaction was observed with cells not containing GFAP. The epitope recognized by anti-GFAP 2 was present on GFAP from human and ox, but apparently not on rat GFAP; the anti-GFAP 2 antibodies also reacted with antigen(s) other than GFAP. In contrast, the epitope defined by anti-GFAP 3 has proved absolutely specific for GFAP in human, rat, and ox. PMID- 6689703 TI - Success of microvascular decompression with and without prior surgical therapy for trigeminal neuralgia. AB - Clinical records and patient interviews in 37 cases of trigeminal neuralgia treated by microvascular decompression by a single surgeon were studied retrospectively. Outcomes were determined with an average follow-up period of 43 months. Abnormalities in the region of the trigeminal nerve were identified in each case. Patients undergoing microvascular decompression as a primary procedure were cured (total pain relief without further therapy) at a rate of 91%, versus 43% in patients treated with destructive procedures (rhizotomies) prior to microvascular decompression (p less than 0.005). Analysis also suggests that trigeminal neuralgia of greater than 9 years' duration was cured at a rate of only 42%, versus 88% in cases of less lengthy duration (p less than 0.005). Sex and age at time of surgery were not significant predictors of outcome. There were no deaths in this group of patients aged from 32 to 90 years. A horizontal surgical approach is described. PMID- 6689702 TI - Clinical and pathological effects of bromocriptine on prolactin-secreting and other pituitary tumors. AB - Bromocriptine inhibits prolactin secretion and causes size reduction of prolactin secreting adenomas. The effect of the drug upon pituitary tumors other than prolactinomas is uncertain. The authors report a prospective series of 12 patients with pituitary macroadenomas in whom bromocriptine was administered for 6 weeks prior to transsphenoidal surgery. Five of the patients had computerized tomographic documentation of significant reductions in tumor size (Group A) and six had no change (Group B) during 3 and 6 weeks of bromocriptine administration. One patient who demonstrated size reduction in his tumor was not assigned to either group as he was treated with high-dose dexamethasone concurrently with the bromocriptine. Pathological examination (light and electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry) indicated that all Group A patients harbored tumors with prolactin granules whereas all Group B tumors lacked such granules. Adenoma cells in the responsive tumors were involuted with reduced cytoplasmic, nuclear, and nucleolar areas. Neither widespread cell necrosis, infarction, nor vascular injury was observed. Two of the five Group A patients discontinued bromocriptine prior to completion of the 6-week protocol and had a rapid return of their tumors to pre-treatment size. Although bromocriptine has been reported to cause shrinkage of nonfunctional tumors, there was no radiological evidence of size reduction or pathological changes in the nonfunctional tumors of this series. Interestingly, serum levels of prolactin were modestly elevated (84 and 113 ng/ml) in two of the six Group B patients, an elevation due to stalk compression rather than secretion by adenoma cells. This finding underscores the fact that failure of bromocriptine to reduce pituitary tumor size in the presence of hyperprolactinemia may occur because the tumor is other than a prolactinoma. This is the first moderate-sized group of patients in whom pathological changes in responsive prolactinomas during bromocriptine therapy have been demonstrated. As bromocriptine is not tumoricidal, and thus not curative, there is insufficient evidence to recommend this drug as primary therapy for either prolactin-secreting or nonfunctional macroadenomas, but the drug may have potential as a preoperative adjunct to effect shrinkage of prolactinomas and theoretically, at least, make excision easier and possibly more complete. PMID- 6689704 TI - Assessment of Leeds device for monitoring intracranial pressure. AB - In Leeds a screw device is used to monitor surface subarachnoid pressure following severe head injury. The possibility that such measurements may under read true intracranial pressure (ICP) has led to the development of an infusion test to confirm free communication with the surface subarachnoid space. The results of 69 infusion tests using 18 devices reveal that the device was reading accurately on 33 of 69 occasions. In 31 of the remaining 36, correction of the problem was possible. Particularly at ICP values exceeding 20 mm Hg the Leeds device may under-read, and possible causes for this are discussed. Reliable readings can usually be obtained using the infusion sequence described. PMID- 6689705 TI - Microsurgical anatomy of the recurrent artery of Heubner. AB - The recurrent arteries of Heubner were studied in 30 unfixed human brains (60 hemispheres) obtained from routine autopsies of individuals with a mean age of 34 years. The arteries were injected with tinted polyester resin via cannulation of the internal carotid arteries, and dissected under microscopic magnification. The recurrent artery of Heubner was absent in two hemispheres and double in seven hemispheres, either with a separate origin (in two) or from a common stem (in five). The artery of Heubner had a mean outer diameter of 0.8 +/- 0.04 mm (range 0.3 to 1.5 mm) and a mean length of 23.4 +/- 1.1 mm (range 12 to 38 mm). It originated from the A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in 57% of the specimens, from the junction of the ACA and the anterior communicating artery in 35%, and from the A1 segment of the ACA in 8%. Three types of recurrent courses were observed. In the Type I or superior course, seen in 41 (63%) of the 65 arteries, the artery followed the superior wall of the A1 segment of the ACA. In the Type II or anterior course, the arteries found in 22 (34%) of specimens maintained a rostral position in relation to the A1 segment. In the Type III or posterior course, taken by two (3%) arteries, a posterior course of the vessel in the anterior perforated substance was found. The branching pattern was identified down to a range of 100 to 200 mu, and the average number of branches was 6.5 +/- 0.4 (range 3 to 12). Four groups of branches were observed. The olfactory group was represented in 91% by a single olfactory branch, with a mean outer diameter of 0.3 +/- 0.03 mm. On average, 1.9 +/- 0.27 frontal branches were found with a mean diameter of 0.13 +/- 0.01 mm. The branches penetrating the anterior perforated substance had a larger outer diameter (mean 0.4 +/- 0.03 mm) with an average number of 2.5 +/- 0.2 branches. The Sylvian fissure branches were more numerous (mean 3 +/- 0.3) with a mean outer diameter of 0.4 +/- 0.03 mm. The point of penetration of the main trunk was found to be constant at the level of the lateral perforated substance-medial Sylvian fissure in 85% of the cases. This report emphasizes the advantages of the intravascular casting resin injection technique in unfixed human brains over other conventional methods. It also describes the application of these anatomic data to the surgical strategy for the anterior circle of Willis, including the possible use of the recurrent artery of Heubner for microvascular reconstructive procedures. PMID- 6689706 TI - Cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Indications for and results of surgery, and the role of intravascular techniques. AB - To address the problems of surgical risk versus natural risk associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM's), and the role of the intravascular operative approach, the authors have assessed a 20-year experience with 450 patients. Results of direct surgery in 90 patients indicate that for the smaller AVM's (Grades I and II), mortality and morbidity rates are lower than a reasonably projected natural risk. Hence, these patients are candidates for surgery in most instances. However, for more extensive AVM's (Grades III and IV), consideration of anticipated future years of exposure to natural risk and the location of the AVM in the brain are necessary for determining operability. In general, neither seizures nor incipient focal neurological dysfunction alone are indications for surgery, and the risks of disability or death from hemorrhage after the fifth decade of life are probably less than the surgical risks by present operative techniques. Considering the usual age of patients at the time of diagnosis, it is estimated that surgical risk is currently less than the natural risk for about 65% to 70% of all AVM patients. The categories of AVM's in which the angiographic effectiveness of the intravascular approach is the greatest correspond to the same categories of AVM's that can be surgically removed with low risk. The intravascular approach is most useful for management of large AVM's causing progressive neurological dysfunction or as a preliminary step to surgery in selected cases in which access to major feeding arteries is difficult. The authors believe that the future of the intravascular approach should be directed toward transforming large inoperable AVM's into operable ones, but that the overall capability for this with acceptable risk is uncertain at present. PMID- 6689707 TI - Aminergic innervation of cerebral veins. Histochemical comparison with extracranial veins. AB - The density and distribution pattern of aminergic nerve fibers in intracranial and extracranial veins were compared by means of catecholamine histofluorescence studies. Extracranial veins (internal jugular, inferior caval, portal, renal, internal iliac, and femoral veins) showed quite a uniform distribution pattern. Large veins (jugular, caval, renal, and iliac veins) revealed a spiral pattern, and small veins presented as a meshwork (femoral vein) or in a longitudinal pattern (a branch of the femoral vein). In contrast, intracranial veins displayed more complex patterns: the dural sinus showed a longitudinal pattern and the internal cerebral vein and the superficial vein of Labbe revealed a meshwork of nerve fibers. The aminergic fibers were denser in cerebral veins (dural sinus and internal cerebral vein) than in extracranial veins. The complex distribution and the density of aminergic fibers in cerebral veins suggest that the aminergic innervation of the circulatory system may be more important in the brain than in the extracranial organs. PMID- 6689708 TI - Characteristics and use of ultra-long aneurysm clips. AB - Ultra-long aneurysm clips, 21 to 40 mm in length, are described, and their characteristics and application delineated. These clips have been used in 30 procedures for various kinds of aneurysms. They are useful not only for wide necked and giant aneurysms but also for deeply located aneurysms such as those on the vertebrobasilar artery. PMID- 6689709 TI - Beneficial effects of induced hypertension on experimental stroke in awake monkeys. AB - The authors performed a controlled study of induced hypertension therapy for treatment of experimental stroke in unanesthetized monkeys. Ten control and 10 treated animals were subjected to a 4-hour occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) by an implanted tourniquet. Neurological status and local cerebral blood flow (CBF) were monitored serially. Local CBF was determined by hydrogen clearance in and around the elevated 20% to 40% by intravenous infusion of phenylephrine hydrochloride. Neuropathological evaluation was performed after about 2 weeks. A 4-hour occlusion of the MCA in control animals caused moderate stable neurological deficits, moderate stable decreases in local CBF, and medium sized infarcts. With induced hypertension, five of 10 treated animals showed neurological improvement, and eight exhibited increased CBF in the ischemic zone. Average infarct size tended to be smaller in the treated group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. Hemorrhagic infarcts were not observed. In four animals, phenylephrine caused cardiac dysrhythmias and hypotension which were reversed by appropriate measures. In this unanesthetized primate model of moderate experimental stroke, induced hypertension had beneficial effects on neurological status, local CBF, and infarct size without causing hemorrhagic infarction. Induced hypertension may be beneficial for some clinical cases of focal cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6689710 TI - Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis of neurocranial suturectomy in rabbits. AB - This investigation was conducted to further elucidate both the significance of a calvarial suture and the compensatory ability of the cranial vault. Four-week-old male New Zealand White rabbits were subjected to unilateral or bilateral extirpation of the coronal suture after insertion of metallic markers, and were then followed regularly by roentgen stereophotogrammetry until age 21 weeks. Bilateral extirpation of the normal coronal suture resulted in a dramatically increased initial rate of bone separation, which tended to remain supranormal for the rest of the investigation. Unilateral suturectomy showed differences in growth between the sides, the operated side initially separating significantly more than the other. Volumetric calvarial growth in rabbits with unilateral extirpation terminated similar to that in control animals, while volumes in rabbits with bilateral extirpations constantly exceeded control volumes, finally exceeding these by 65%. Responses at intact sutures confirmed the compensatory capacity of cranial vaults. The results indicate that the passive longitudinal and volumetric cranial vault bone growth responds quickly to growth disturbances, thereby demonstrating its plasticity, and that the neurocranial suture is a restraining and modulating component in cranial growth. PMID- 6689711 TI - Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis of restricted periods of neurocranial suture immobilization in rabbits. AB - The effect of temporary fusion of sutures on craniofacial growth was studied biometrically in 4-week-old male New Zealand White rabbits. Tantalum bone markers were implanted in the cranial vault, and the coronal suture immobilized with isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive. Linear craniectomy was performed after 2 or 6 weeks of sutural growth restriction (four animals in each group). The animals were followed for approximately 17 weeks. Early craniectomy resulted in greatly increased coronal suture bone separation (175% of control growth rates in peers and 125% of maximal control rates). Growth after late craniectomy showed an age dependent lower rate, but still the overshoot markedly surpassed controls (210% of control rates in peers and 65% of maximal control growth rates). Overall, both exhibited overcompensation in coronal suture growth. A rapid compensation of adjacent sutures to temporary growth restriction and a tendency toward spontaneous correction following release of growth inhibition were demonstrated. Thus, the total anteroposterior growth of the combined frontonasal and coronal sutures nearly equaled that of control animals. Following linear craniectomy, volumetric calvarial expansion increased considerably in both early and late groups, due to compensatory coronal suture growth, but probably due also to spatial bone rearrangements. Based upon the findings, the length of the suture immobilization period seems critical to longitudinal and volumetric growth as well as to subsequent compensatory activity after surgical correction. PMID- 6689712 TI - Primary cerebral lymphoma: the "ghost tumor". Case report. AB - A case of primary cerebral lymphoma is presented. The particular biological features of these tumors may pose a special problem. In this case, the lesion was diagnosed on computerized tomography (CT) but was not found at surgery. The disappearance of the lesion was associated with a long period of corticosteroid therapy between CT diagnosis and the operation. PMID- 6689713 TI - Cerebral air embolism occurring at angiography and diagnosed by computerized tomography. Case report. AB - A case of air embolism complicating cerebral angiography is presented. The presence of the embolism was confirmed with high-resolution computerized tomography scans using appropriate window settings. PMID- 6689714 TI - Progressive posttraumatic superior sagittal sinus thrombosis complicated by pulmonary embolism. Case report. AB - A case of progressive posttraumatic superior sagittal sinus thrombosis is presented, with the complication of pulmonary embolism. A good clinical outcome followed treatment with barbiturate coma. PMID- 6689715 TI - Diabetic polyradiculopathy simulating lumbar disc disease. Report of four cases. AB - Most clinicians are aware of the common neurological effects of endocrine disorders. However, involvement of the spinal nerve roots is a poorly recognized complication of diabetes mellitus. Such involvement can closely simulate more common spinal diseases and thus lead to inappropriate therapy. Four cases of diabetic polyradiculopathy simulating lumbar disc disease are reported, and this distinctive entity is reviewed. PMID- 6689716 TI - Carotid to distal vertebral artery bypass for vertebrobasilar ischemia. Case report. AB - A simple technique is described for a venous graft between the common carotid artery and the extracranial vertebral artery. In the case described, the vertebral artery was shown angiographically to be occluded and reconstituted by collateral vessels. This patient had symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency which resolved postoperatively. PMID- 6689717 TI - Postural fluctuation of hemifacial spasm. Case report. AB - A patient is described who demonstrated an impressive fluctuation in the severity of hemifacial spasm with change in head position. Postmortem examination revealed a large fusiform aneurysm impinging on the facial nerve. PMID- 6689718 TI - Cortical arteriovenous fistula associated with skull fracture. Case report. AB - The case is reported of a patient who presented with a skull fracture and delayed neurological deterioration due to a cortical arteriovenous fistula at the fracture site. The clinical course and surgical therapy are described. Theories as to the pathogenesis of this lesion as well as a discussion of other intracranial vascular injuries are presented. PMID- 6689719 TI - Tuberculous meningitis presenting as an obstructive myelopathy. Case report. AB - Subacute paraplegia progressing over 3 months due to spinal cord compression was the presenting symptom of tuberculous meningitis in this patient with a normal chest x-ray film and no radiological or autopsy evidence of Pott's vertebral tuberculosis. The obstructive myelopathy was the result of proliferative granulomatous meningitis. A review of the literature indicates that this is a very unusual presentation of tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 6689720 TI - Intradural extramedullary tuberculoma of the cervical spine. Case report. AB - A case is reported of a 45-year-old man who developed quadriplegia following a trivial motor-vehicle accident. Investigation including computerized tomography (CT) of the cervical spine revealed a large calcified lesion displacing the spinal cord and nerve roots, which proved to be a tuberculoma. The case is unusual in regard to the age of the patient, the size, location, and nature of the lesion, the mode of presentation, and the delineation of the lesion by CT scanning. PMID- 6689722 TI - Transparent optical neurosurgical instruments. Technical note. AB - Neurosurgical instrumentation over the last two decades has improved with the increasing use of the operating microscope and has provided much better visualization and lighting of the surgical field. During this time, dissecting instruments have become smaller, but they sacrifice some of the microscopic gains because they are made of opaque metal. This has the disadvantage of hiding from the surgeon the area of the surgical field being worked on. This paper reports the development of transparent instruments that are strong enough to be used in dissection and yet do not sacrifice part of the improved visualization and lighting gained with the operating microscope. Made of a high-strength plastic, these instruments can be used for dissection in surgical procedures and allow the surgeon to look through them and observe the tissues underneath. He can watch the condition of blood vessels and nervous tissues with an improved visibility that can help to avoid damage to delicate structures. Furthermore, as hidden structures such as small vessels come into view they are identified earlier. These instruments can also incorporate jeweled cutting edges and use their optical properties to improve further visualization of the surgical field. PMID- 6689721 TI - Intracranial actinomycoma with osteomyelitis simulating meningioma. Case report. AB - A rare case of actinomycotic osteomyelitis with an intracranial granuloma is presented. The computerized tomography findings are probably the first of their kind. Both the site of osteomyelitis and clinical presentation are unusual. The pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 6689723 TI - Age and the outcome from aneurysm surgery. PMID- 6689724 TI - Arteriovenous malformations of the medial cerebral hemisphere and the limbic system. AB - In a series of 164 resected arteriovenous malformations (AVM's), 25 were located on the medial aspect of the cerebral hemispheres. These AVM's require special attention because of the following characteristics: 1) their obscure location, making resection more difficult than the usual AVM; 2) a high incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage; 3) their frequent involvement of the choroid plexus of the ventricles and the arteries and veins related to the choroid plexus; and 4) the configuration of their venous drainage, which is often to superficial veins as well as to the deep venous systems. The results achieved with excision of these difficult AVM's were good. There was no mortality and the morbidity rate was under 4%. The surgical exposures, which were tailored to the location of these malformations, are described in detail. PMID- 6689725 TI - Musical murmurs in human cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - A transcranial ultrasonic method for the recording of murmurs from cerebral vessels is described. Using the new approach the authors have observed musical murmurs of pure tone quality in 15 patients with increased flow velocities in the cerebral arteries after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The frequency range of the pure tones was from 140 to 820 Hz, corresponding to flow velocities between 73 and 215 cm/sec. The musical murmurs occurred as a transitional state between silent flow and the well known phenomenon of bruit. They were observed between the 4th and the 20th day after SAH. The most likely cause of the musical murmur is a periodic shedding of vortices in the cerebral arteries, commonly referred to as "a von Karman vortex street." Clinically the presence of musical murmurs indicated that pathologically increased blood velocities were present in the artery under investigation. This probably reflected the degree of spasm. PMID- 6689726 TI - Evaluation of cerebrovascular spasm with transcranial Doppler ultrasound. AB - The use of an ultrasonic transcranial Doppler technique for noninvasive evaluation of cerebral vasospasm is described. Middle cerebral arteries (MCA's), classified as spastic on angiography, demonstrated blood-flow velocity between 120 and 230 cm/sec. The flow velocities in these arteries had a clear inverse relationship to the diameter as measured from angiograms in 38 patients with recent subarachnoid hemorrhage. This relationship in the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) was found to be more complicated to assess, due to the collateral channels in the anterior part of the circle of Willis. The authors conclude, however, that the new method of measuring vasospasm will also detect spasm in the ACA if it has a hemodynamically significant effect upon flow resistance. PMID- 6689727 TI - Vascular lesions due to transcranial stab wounds. AB - The cases of 109 patients with a transcranial or transorbital stab wound are presented. Angiography in 74 patients revealed 26 vascular lesions: 11 aneurysms, five carotid-cavernous fistulas, three other arteriovenous fistulas, three occlusions, two transections, and two instances of severe vascular spasm. The following important points and pitfalls are stressed: the 30% incidence of vascular lesions, the delayed onset of these lesions and neurological signs from 1 week to several months after trauma, and the incidence of delayed intracranial hemorrhage in four of 11 cases with traumatic aneurysms. The basal location of the lesions is described, and the authors warn against the misleading clinical picture of a trivial scalp wound in the absence of a "slot" fracture, with life threatening neural and vascular damage on the opposite side. Aggressive investigation and treatment of these lesions are advocated because of the associated high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in patients with aneurysms. PMID- 6689728 TI - Morbidity, mortality, and quality of life following surgery for intracranial meningiomas. A retrospective study in 257 cases. AB - The authors report 257 patients who underwent 338 craniotomies for the removal of meningiomas. The average duration of observed survival was 9.0 years, while that with acceptable quality of life was 8.3 years. Multiple factors including the size and location of tumors, the degree of tumor excision, the histological features, and the preoperative condition of the patients are important in both duration of survival and quality of life following surgery for intracranial meningiomas. Computerized tomography permits early diagnosis and is invaluable in follow-up assessment. It allows for recognition of small recurrent tumors, and offers a better opportunity for complete removal and, subsequently, a longer duration of reasonable survival. Radiation therapy may prolong survival time in patients with malignant meningiomas, but it fails to delay further tumor recurrences following its delivery to patients with recurrent tumors. There are multiple predisposing factors responsible for the development of postoperative seizures. These include tumor recurrence involving highly functional anatomical areas of the brain, history of preoperative seizures, and intraoperative factors such as excessive brain retraction and the sacrifice of major draining or bridging veins. Intraoperative complications may be decreased by using osmotic diuretics and subarachnoid drains, meticulous dissection, and with the increased awareness and preservation of the important venous structures. PMID- 6689730 TI - Transsphenoidal treatment of non-neoplastic intrasellar cysts. A report of 38 cases. AB - Thirty-eight patients underwent transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment of non neoplastic intrasellar cysts: 36 had cyst drainage and biopsy of the cyst wall, and in two the cyst was totally removed. Surgical morbidity was 8%. The mean follow-up time was 46.3 months; 100% patient follow-up evaluation was achieved. Sixteen female patients (mean age 24.6 years) had pars intermedia cysts: 88% had menstrual irregularities, 63% had galactorrhea, 31% had headache, and 56% had hyperprolactinemia. Within these groups, menstrual cycles returned in 86%, galactorrhea ceased in 90%, headaches resolved in 80%, and serum prolactin levels were restored to normal in 66%. Eight females and three males had Rathke's cleft cysts (mean age 34.0 years): of these 11 patients, 91% had headaches and 18% had hyperprolactinemia; of the eight females, 63% had amenorrhea and 63% had galactorrhea. Within these groups, serum prolactin levels normalized in 50%, and 80% noted reduced headache. Of the females, 80% had return of menses and 50% noted cessation of galactorrhea. Six males and two females had arachnoid cysts (mean age 42.2 years): 50% had headaches; 50% were asymptomatic. Preoperatively, 50% of these patients had hypothyroidism and 25% had adrenal hypofunction. Postoperatively, 75% of patients with headache noted improvement, and 33% of patients with abnormal thyroid function had normal function. Adrenal function did not improve. Three patients had an intrasellar cysticercosis cyst, epidermoid cyst, and postoperative cyst, respectively. All had evidence of partial hypopituitarism; none improved postoperatively. The results indicate that different types of pituitary cysts produce different clinical syndromes, and suggest that simple transsphenoidal drainage and partial removal of the cyst wall can provide safe and effective therapy. PMID- 6689729 TI - Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposits in the cervical ligamenta flava causing myeloradiculopathy. AB - Three cases of cervical myeloradiculopathy associated with multiple calcified nodules containing identified calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals in the ligamenta flava are described, with a comprehensive review of the 12 cases of this entity reported to date. The disease is characterized by: 1) oval or triangular areas of radiodensity in the posterior aspect of the cervical canal as seen in the lateral x-ray films and laminograms; 2) hemispherical areas of high density located almost symmetrically in the paramedial portion of the posterior spinal canal on computerized tomography scans; and 3) CPPD crystals in the nodules. It occurs independently or in association with cervical spondylosis or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. PMID- 6689731 TI - Cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated by single-stage multilevel anterior decompression. A prospective study. AB - Fifty patients suffering from advanced cervical spondylotic myelopathy were surgically treated to eliminate compression of the cord. All disc protrusions demonstrated by positive-contrast myelography that measured larger than 1.5 mm were excised. Each patient was operated on in a single-stage procedure by anterior discectomy, without bone fusion, for protrusions between 2 and 4 mm, and by vertebral trephination and intercorporeal iliac bone-graft fusion for protrusions larger than 4 mm. There were no serious complications. Improvement by one clear disability grade (as defined by the authors) was observed in 36% of the cases, by two grades in 56%, and by three grades in 8%. No patient showed an improvement of four grades. During a follow-up period varying from 2 to 5 years, none of the patients showed clinical evidence of progression of myelopathy; however, 44% of patients showed definite radiological evidence of progression of cervical spondylosis. This indicates that myelopathy may be arrested and may regress, but the process of cervical spondylosis continues unabated in almost half of the cases. PMID- 6689732 TI - Treatment of pedicular fractures of the axis. A clinical study and screw fixation technique. AB - The authors report 18 cases of pedicular fractures of C-2. The characteristics of these fractures are discussed, and the authors conclude that these lesions are more correctly called "pedicular-isthmus" fractures. A technique of screw fixation of the pedicle is presented. This was found to be a simple and safe method of repair, giving consistently good anatomical and functional results. PMID- 6689733 TI - Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system. Clinicopathological study of experience at Stanford. AB - The authors present 22 cases of primary lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) from Stanford University Medical Center. Fifteen other published series comprising 400 patients with this disease are also reviewed. Males were affected more often than females. The majority of patients were in the sixth decade of life. The most common presenting symptoms were headache, nausea, vomiting, and mental status changes. The most common presenting signs were hemiparesis and papilledema. An elevated protein concentration was the most common cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormality. The CSF cytology was rarely positive prior to surgery. If a mass was seen on computerized tomography, it always enhanced with infusion of contrast material. On angiography, the tumor was generally seen as an avascular mass. The most and least common sites of involvement supratentorially were the frontal and occipital lobes, respectively. Infratentorially, the cerebellum was most often involved. Histologically, the most common tissue type according to the Rappaport and Working Formulation systems were diffuse histiocytic lymphoma and immunoblastic lymphoma, respectively. Therapy primarily involved surgery for biopsy or subtotal resection and radiation therapy. The majority of patients died, and the median survival time of those dying was distinctly shorter than the follow-up period of those patients still alive. This difference in survival time suggests that primary CNS lymphoma consists of more than one disease group. Statistical analysis of our series showed those patients with either a diffuse mixed lymphoma histology or an infratentorial location of disease had a poorer prognosis. These two factors cannot totally account for the division of cases into separate survival-related groups. PMID- 6689734 TI - Alpha interferon for induction of remission in hairy-cell leukemia. AB - We treated seven patients who had progressive hairy-cell leukemia with daily doses of 3 million units of partially pure alpha (leukocyte) interferon by the intramuscular route. Three patients had a complete remission, and four had a partial remission, according to strict criteria for a response. After treatment, bone-marrow aspirates showed an absence of leukemia cells in three patients and 5 per cent or fewer in three others. Normalization of subnormal peripheral-blood values occurred in six of six patients with anemia, in seven of seven with granulocytopenia, and in four of four with thrombocytopenia. Remissions have been maintained for over 6 to over 10 months. Alpha interferon appears to be highly effective in patients with hairy-cell leukemia. PMID- 6689735 TI - Increased ionized calcium and left ventricular contractility during hemodialysis. AB - Routine hemodialysis is associated with an increase in left ventricular contractility that is independent of a change in preload, but the mechanisms responsible are unknown. We investigated the importance of three distinct effects that regularly occur in hemodialysis and could potentially improve left ventricular contractility: the removal of uremic toxins, the increase in the plasma ionized calcium concentration, and the increase in the plasma bicarbonate concentration. Three different dialysates were used for each of eight stable patients on long-term hemodialysis, and left ventricular contractility was assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography before and after each dialysis. In the first procedure neither the ionized calcium nor the bicarbonate concentration was allowed to increase, and left ventricular contractility did not improve. In the second procedure, ionized calcium increased (from 4.4 to 5.4 mg per deciliter, P less than 0.001), bicarbonate concentration was held constant, and contractility increased (from 0.74 to 0.93 circumferences per second, P less than 0.005). In the third procedure, ionized calcium was kept constant, the bicarbonate concentration increased (from 19 to 24 mmol per liter, P less than 0.001), but contractility did not increase. These results suggest that the increase in ionized calcium that occurs in regular dialysis is a key factor in the improvement in left ventricular contractility observed during the procedure. PMID- 6689736 TI - Crossover and self-controlled designs in clinical research. AB - Crossover studies (clinical trials in which each patient receives two or more treatments in sequence) and self-controlled studies (in which each patient serves as his or her own control) can produce results that are statistically and clinically valid with far fewer patients than would otherwise be required. We investigated the use of the crossover design in the 13 crossover studies that appeared in the Journal during 1978 and 1979. We considered the following important features of design and analysis as they applied to these studies: the method by which patients were assigned to initial treatment (only 7 of 13 studies used random assignment); the determination of when to switch treatments (10 of the 13 used a time-dependent rule, and 3 a less appropriate disease-state dependent rule); blinding of the crossover point (in only 3 of the 13 studies was the crossover point concealed, but in 4 of the remaining 10 concealment was impossible); assessment of the effects of the order of treatments (included in only 1 of the 13 studies); and the use of at least minimally acceptable statistical analysis (11 of the 13 studies had such an analysis). We also report briefly on 28 additional studies of a single treatment each, in which each patient served as his or her own control before or after treatment or both. The scientific issues were much the same as in crossover studies except that self controlled comparisons of treatments tended to be less precisely designed and conducted and to focus on clinical problems and patient groups that are especially difficult to study. PMID- 6689737 TI - Young's syndrome. Obstructive azoospermia and chronic sinopulmonary infections. AB - We studied 29 men with Young's syndrome, a combination of obstructive azoospermia and chronic sinopulmonary infections. Men with this syndrome have only mildly impaired respiratory function and normal spermatogenesis; the azoospermia is due to obstruction of the epididymis by inspissated secretions. The diagnosis is based on the occurrence of chronic sinopulmonary infections, persistent azoospermia, normal spermatogenesis, and characteristic epididymal findings, as well as exclusion of cystic fibrosis and the immotile-cilia syndrome. The sperm themselves appear to be normal in Young's syndrome. Pregnancies had occurred in five couples; in three paternity was documented by genotyping. Thus, improved microsurgical and medical therapy might restore fertility. We suggest that Young's syndrome has a prevalence comparable to that of Klinefelter's syndrome and is a common cause of both chronic sinopulmonary infection and azoospermia. PMID- 6689738 TI - Acute interstitial nephritis with the nephrotic syndrome following recombinant leukocyte a interferon therapy for mycosis fungoides. PMID- 6689739 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 1-1984. A one-week-old girl with a thoracic mass. PMID- 6689740 TI - Suicide by firearms. PMID- 6689741 TI - Prediction of awakening after cardiac arrest. PMID- 6689742 TI - Ovarian failure in galactosemia. PMID- 6689743 TI - Eugenol and prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 6689744 TI - The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Baby Doe rules. PMID- 6689745 TI - Reversibility of amenorrhea in athletes. PMID- 6689746 TI - "Hydrox fecalis". PMID- 6689748 TI - The British National Health Service under the Conservatives--Part II. PMID- 6689747 TI - Rationing hospital care. Lessons from Britain. PMID- 6689749 TI - Pulmonary blastomycosis: radiologic manifestations. AB - Blastomycosis, an airborne fungal disease with the lung the portal of entry, is endemic to the central and south central areas of the United States. The disease occurs in patients who range from asymptomatic to those with symptoms of acute pneumonia. Retrospective review of 27 cases from our institution revealed four well-defined radiographic patterns including air-space disease, nodular masses, interstitial disease, and cavitation. Some patients with air-space disease have symptoms of an acute pneumonia; more commonly they have no pulmonary symptoms. Air-space disease was the most frequent radiographic pattern in chronic blastomycosis with proved nonpulmonary disease; therefore, it cannot be regarded as indicative of early or acute blastomycosis. There was no relationship between the radiographic pattern and distribution, pulmonary symptomatology, or clinical stage of the disease. Our material does not support the previously suggested association of lower lobe air-space disease with early disease and upper lobe involvement with the chronic and often disseminated form. A more precise understanding of the variety of radiographic patterns and the spectrum of clinical presentations will facilitate diagnosis of pulmonary blastomycosis. PMID- 6689750 TI - Temporomandibular joints: high-resolution computed tomographic evaluation. AB - High-resolution computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was performed in 43 patients. Exquisite detail of the face, skull base, and TMJs was obtained with CT using soft tissue and bone algorithms, narrow collimation, and multiplanar images. In 10 patients clinically suspected of joint derangement, CT results were in close agreement with surgical findings and arthrography in 13/15 joints. CT showed indirect signs of disc dislocation, and the dislocated disc itself in 81% of affected joints. In two patients, arthrography with CT proved to be more helpful than conventional arthrography alone. CT without intra-articular contrast material provided information not appreciated on conventional radiographs in 28 patients (65%) and was particularly helpful in evaluating patients with disc pathosis and trauma. Early experience with CT of the TMJ shows that it is an excellent method of evaluation at acceptable radiation exposure levels that adds essential information not seen on standard radiographs. PMID- 6689751 TI - Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint: diagnosis by direct sagittal computed tomography. AB - The authors performed direct sagittal computed tomography (CT) on 4 cadaver temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and examined 51 TMJs in 47 patients clinically. The results were correlated with cadaver anatomical sections and clinical arthrographic findings. A fat plane between the bellies of the lateral pterygoid muscles, termed the "lateral pterygoid fat pad," served as the anatomical basis for detection of internal derangements by CT. CT was 94% accurate in detecting meniscal derangements and 96% accurate in detecting degenerative arthritis. The authors suggest that CT rather than arthrography be employed as the primary TMJ imaging modality when internal derangement or arthritis is suspected. PMID- 6689752 TI - Hyoid bone elevation: a sign of tracheal transection. AB - Evaluation of traumatic neck injuries should include analysis of the position of the hyoid bone on the lateral radiograph. Location above the level of the third cervical body or a greater cornu located less than 2 cm from the angle of the mandible, or both, coupled with the finding of cervical soft-tissue air, should alert the radiologist that tracheal transection is likely and that immediate surgical exploration is required. Five cases of severe neck injury are presented. PMID- 6689753 TI - Gated magnetic resonance imaging of congenital cardiac malformations. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) images of a variety of cardiac malformations in 19 patients aged 1 week to 33 years were obtained using pulse plethysmographic- or ECG-gated spin echo pulse sequences. Coronal, axial, and sagittal images displaying intracardiac structures with excellent spatial and contrast resolution were acquired during systole or diastole. It is concluded that MR will be a valuable noninvasive method of diagnosing congenital heart disease. PMID- 6689754 TI - Chronic liver disease: evaluation by magnetic resonance. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging distinguished hepatitis from fatty liver and cirrhosis in a woman with a history of alcohol abuse. Anatomic and physiologic manifestations of portal hypertension were also demonstrated by MR. PMID- 6689755 TI - Magnetic resonance and CT of the normal and diseased pancreas: a comparative study. AB - Nineteen patients with proven pancreatic disease and 50 control subjects were examined by magnetic resonance (MR) using a variety of spin echo and inversion recovery techniques. The MR results were then compared with CT scans. The normal pancreatic head, body, and tail were identified by MR in approximately 60% of patients. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma and retroperitoneal lymphoma were detected using morphologic criteria similar to those used in CT. Differentiating bowel from pancreas was difficult on MR in patients with little retroperitoneal fat, and tissue relaxation times were usually not helpful in differentiating adenocarcinoma or lymphoma from normal pancreatic tissue. However, MR intensity, T1, and T2 were useful in differentiating pancreatic islet cell tumors from normal pancreatic tissue. MR accurately identified retroperitoneal invasion, vascular involvement, and liver metastases. In pancreatitis, tissue T1 and T2 relaxation times were prolonged and complications such as ductal dilatation, pseudocyst, phlegmon, and ascites were identified. Small pancreatic calcifications were not detected by MR. Pancreatic iron overload was seen in patients with hemochromatosis. Although respiratory motion and spatial resolution are currently limiting factors, MR is a versatile and unique modality for the evaluation of pancreatic disease. PMID- 6689756 TI - High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Technical concepts and their implementation. AB - In magnetic resonance (MR) imaging manipulating spatial resolution, contrast resolution, and imaging time separately results in improvement in some parameters without degradation of others. The authors have found that MR imaging of the head with a repetition time TR = 2.0 seconds produces images with high signal-to-noise levels and excellent sensitivity to demyelinating disease and brain water content. In the body, a long TR yields large signal levels that permit delineation of low-intensity structures such as patent vessels and bone. The long TR technique can be used in a high-resolution mode (256 X 256 data acquisition elements, each 0.8 X 0.8 mm) while maintaining image times of 50 or 100 sec/section. For normal resolution (1.7 X 1.7 mm), imaging time is 25 or 50 sec/section. It is concluded that the combination of slow-imaging techniques with simultaneous multisection imaging will prove practical for clinical MR. PMID- 6689757 TI - Complex musculoskeletal anatomy: analysis using three dimensional surface reconstruction. AB - A new computer method has been developed that allows the reprocessing of standard CT scans to produce three dimensional surface images. The process requires only standard CT scanner hardware, and reconstruction time is comparable to that of sagittal and coronal reconstruction. Case reports illustrate the uniqueness of the perspective provided by this technique and its usefulness in clarifying areas of complex musculoskeletal anatomy. Surface images are especially valuable in conveying information to nonradiologist physicians who are unaccustomed to evaluating the numerous images produced in a standard CT scan. PMID- 6689758 TI - Three dimensional CT reconstruction images for craniofacial surgical planning and evaluation. AB - Three dimensional reconstruction images of bony and soft tissue surfaces have improved understanding of complex facial deformities. Applied to CT studies of complex craniofacial abnormalities, this method has delineated abnormal facial soft tissue and bony morphology, facilitated surgical planning, and improved quantitative postoperative evaluation. Advanced computer-aided aircraft design techniques were adapted and applied to craniofacial surgical procedure-planning and evaluation using surface contours obtained from CT scans. PMID- 6689759 TI - Pancreas imaging by computed tomography after endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. AB - A method using CT after endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (CT-ERP) is described for pancreatic imaging. When using an ERP technique in the canine model comparable to that used in humans, small amounts of contrast material in peripheral pancreatic radicles resulted in enhancement of the pancreas on CT scans. Nine patients were also studied by CT-ERP. In normal patients (n = 5) there was opacification of the entire pancreas on CT-ERP images. The main pancreatic duct was seen on delayed images. In cases of chronic pancreatitis (n = 2), pancreatic opacification was patchy and heterogeneous. There was no contrast material enhancement in areas of pancreatic carcinomas (n = 2). CT-ERP showed the true extent of carcinoma better than ERP alone. PMID- 6689760 TI - Adrenal cortex dysfunction: CT findings. AB - The computed tomographic appearance of the adrenal gland was studied in 302 patients with possible endocrinologic disease and 107 patients undergoing CT for nonendocrinologic reasons. Measurements of adrenal size were also made in 100 adults with no known adrenal pathology. CT proved to be a sensitive diagnostic tool in combination with clinical studies. When blood hormone levels are increased, CT can differentiate among homogeneous organic hyperplasia, nodular hyperplasia, benign adenoma, and malignant cortical adenoma. When blood hormone levels are decreased, CT can demonstrate hypoplasia or metastatic tumorous destruction. Calcifications or caseations can be demonstrated earlier than on plain radiographs. When hormone elimination is increased, the morphologic substrate can be identified; tumorous changes can be localized and infiltration of surrounding organs recognized. PMID- 6689761 TI - Renal infarction: CT diagnosis and correlation between CT findings and etiologies. AB - The CT scans and the clinical records of 12 patients who had renal infarction were reviewed. The renal infarcts were classified as either focal or global. The CT findings were correlated with the etiologies of renal infarction. Embolism was the most common cause of renal infarcts that were multifocal with involvement of both kidneys. Trauma caused a unilateral global type of infarct. A case of sickle cell anemia presented with multiple "slit-like" focal infarcts and enlarged kidneys. Forty-seven per cent of infarcts demonstrated the cortical rim sign, 11% were associated with mass effect, 21% had a subcapsular fluid collection, and 6% had an abnormally thickened renal fascia. PMID- 6689762 TI - Hyperdense renal masses: a CT manifestation of hemorrhagic renal cysts. AB - Eleven patients with sharply circumscribed round to ovoid renal cysts measuring 70-90 H on CT are reported. The cysts were hyperdense on unenhanced scans, measuring 30-60 H greater than the adjacent parenchyma, and either hypodense, isodense, or hyperdense on enhanced scans. Four patients had polycystic kidney disease; of the other 7 patients, the cysts were cortical in 6 and parapelvic in 1. Eight patients had a solitary cyst and 3 had multiple cysts. Sonography demonstrated internal echoes and/or lack of increased through-transmission in 6 patients. Pathological analysis was available in 6 cases and indicated a benign, hemorrhagic renal cyst. This hyperdense CT appearance is characteristic of some hemorrhagic renal cysts, though differentiation between benign and malignant cysts requires cyst puncture and/or surgery. PMID- 6689763 TI - Chondrosarcoma: correlation of radiological and histological grade. AB - The radiographic and CT appearance of 20 cases of chondrosarcoma were correlated with histological grade and type of matrix. Features which were useful in predicting histological grade included (a) margins between bone and tumor (radiograph), (b) morphology of calcification (radiograph, CT), (c) distribution of calcification within the lesion (radiograph, CT), (d) pattern of tumor growth within soft tissues (CT), and (e) presence of necrosis (CT). Tumor/soft-tissue margins were usually well defined on the CT scan regardless of grade. PMID- 6689764 TI - Radionuclide plethysmography and Tc-99m red blood cell venography in venous thrombosis: comparison with contrast venography. AB - Radionuclide plethysmography (RPG) is a new technique that uses Tc-99m labelled red blood cells to ascertain changes in venous volumes by detecting the change in counts in response to the inflation and deflation of proximal thigh cuffs. Diagnosis of ileofemoral venous occlusion is possible using this technique, which also provides kinetic data of venous outflow. A range of normal values was defined in 19 subjects for per cent change in venous capacitance and venous outflow. Twenty-one patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis were studied prospectively using RPG, radionuclide venography (RV), and contrast venography (CV) to establish the usefulness of RPG alone and in combination with RV in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. RPG proved to be a reliable technique for the diagnosis of ileofemoral venous thrombosis (sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 100%). RV was less sensitive (73%) and less specific (93%) in diagnosing that condition. When RPG is used as the criterion for the detection of ileofemoral vein thrombosis and RV is used as the criterion for the detection of calf vein thrombosis, the combined techniques show improved sensitivity (92%) and specificity (93%) for the detection of all deep venous thromboses. PMID- 6689765 TI - Backscatter from metal surfaces in diagnostic radiology. AB - Backscatter from four commonly used metals (aluminum, lead, copper, and iron) was measured under diagnostic imaging conditions, using screen-film systems as detectors. The results indicate that for an 80-kV filtered beam and Par Speed/XRP system, backscatter increases as aluminum (Al) thickness increases until it reaches a plateau of approximately 12% at 50 mm Al. The amount of backscatter from any of these four metals increases as the tube voltage is raised from 60 to 115 kV. Measured backscatter depends strongly on the screens used, possibly due to their attenuation and energy response. Backscatter from aluminum was significantly greater than that from the other metals tested. PMID- 6689766 TI - Low-level internal radionuclide contamination: use of gamma camera for detection. AB - The uncollimated gamma camera was evaluated as a screening tool for the detection of low levels of internal radionuclide contamination. The minimum detectable activity (MDA) is on the order of 1-4 nCi (37-148 Bq) for a 3-min sample and background counting time. Identification of unknown radionuclides at these low levels involves a systematic search and hence requires a more careful peaking method than organ imaging. Most gamma cameras are capable both of detecting a wide range (35 keV to 1.332 MeV) of gamma-ray energies in the presence of three to four radionuclides and also of distinguishing principal gamma-ray energies from Compton scatter. The differences in MDAs among gamma cameras are small, and vary primarily with the background activity. The actual contaminant activities lie between the calculated values based on measurements when the source is 10 cm away from the uncollimated detector head and using point sources both in air and with the tissue-equivalent scatter medium. The widely available gamma camera is capable of screening a large population, either suspected or actually contaminated, in the event of an emergency. PMID- 6689767 TI - Quality assurance of radiation dosage: usefulness of redundancy. AB - Regulations for maintaining the calibration of radiation-measuring instruments generally require that they be recalibrated periodically, and some also specify periodic spot-checks. There is a finite probability that changes in the instrument sensitivity will occur between these calibrations or periodic checks. Routine spot-checks of the output of a therapy unit, made with a given instrument, should detect changes in either device. Comparisons of reliability obtained by these and other procedures for checking on instrument sensitivity are made using calculations based on estimates of the mean time between failures for sources and instruments. These comparisons demonstrate that significantly greater reliability and efficiency should result from considering each machine spot-check and recalibration as a check on the stability of both the machine and the instrument, as opposed to placing complete dependence upon the instrument during the period between separate checks of its sensitivity. PMID- 6689770 TI - Manipulation of vena cava filters. Locked-catheter technique. AB - A method is described for the rapid and easy manipulation of a Kimray-Greenfield vena cava filter beyond an obstructing eustachian valve. PMID- 6689768 TI - The temporomandibular joint: true sagittal computed tomography with meniscus visualization. AB - Accessory patient support equipment was constructed that allows patient positioning for true sagittal projection of the temporomandibular joint using a GE 8800 CT/T scanner. Range of motion abnormalities, osseous alterations of the mandibular condyle and temporal bone, joint-space narrowing, and meniscal configuration may be demonstrated. The technique has potential advantages over other CT projections and sagittal reconstruction for evaluation of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. PMID- 6689769 TI - Percutaneous transcatheter filter for the inferior vena cava. A new device for treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism. AB - A filter for the inferior vena cava has been devised for treatment of pulmonary embolism. Percutaneous insertion of the filter is accomplished with the use of a sheath and an 8-F catheter. Therapeutic results involving 28 patients have been excellent. No embolism has recurred; no vena cava thrombosis has developed. Since minor surgery is unnecessary, the procedure saves time and is cost-effective. PMID- 6689771 TI - Rotational kymography. Technique for automated analysis of cine left ventriculograms. AB - A new device provides an automatic photographic record of left ventricular contraction and expansion. A radially slotted disk is interposed between the moving cine left ventriculogram and a disk of photographic film. By rotating either the slotted disk or the film, a kymographic record of regional wall motion is obtained. Unlike more complex computer programs, the speed as well as the magnitude of contraction can be determined. PMID- 6689773 TI - Transaxillary abdominal angiography. Use of the sidewinder-pigtail catheter. AB - A pigtail-shaped catheter with a side-winding configuration is used for transaxillary angiography. The difficulties caused by an elongated aortic arch are overcome easily. PMID- 6689772 TI - Esophageal strictures in children. Treatment by balloon dilatation. AB - The authors describe a new technique for dilatation of an esophageal stricture in a child. Under fluoroscopic control, a small guide wire is passed through the narrowed area. Dilation is accomplished with the Gruntzig balloon catheter. PMID- 6689774 TI - Concentric reduction of the dislocated hip. Computed-tomographic evaluation. AB - Concentric reduction of a dislocated hip can be evaluated by anteroposterior views or linear tomography. Anterior relationships, however, may be difficult to evaluate from a frontal radiograph despite good visibility. Computed tomography (CT), because of its cross-sectional imaging capabilities, is superior in demonstrating these relationships. The CT appearance of two types of dislocations (posterior and lateral) is described. A posterior dislocation should be suspected if the femoral metaphysis approximates the acetabulum, a mass projects behind the ischium, or the fat plane anterior to the gluteus maximus is deformed or displaced posteriorly. PMID- 6689775 TI - The nature of humeral pseudocysts. AB - In an effort to define the nature of the humeral pseudocyst, we examined a large number of macerated specimens. The area of rarefaction, located in the lateral aspect of the proximal humerus, may be a prominent radiographic finding in young individuals. In older individuals, with loss of trabecular bone in the proximal portion of the humerus, a less obvious rarefaction is present. Precise radiographic features allow differentiation of this normal finding from significant lesions in this region. PMID- 6689776 TI - Oncologic diagnostic radiology: a model for implementation. AB - The implementation of an oncologic diagnostic radiology subspecialty would provide better communication between the radiologist and the clinician and a greater opportunity to teach the general principles of therapeutic radiology. Practical aspects of the development of a section in oncologic radiology are discussed. PMID- 6689777 TI - Oncologic diagnostic radiology: the question of need. AB - While the proposal is of increasing interest, the creation of an oncologic diagnostic radiology subspecialty would complicate an already difficult administrative organization, impact negatively on presently existing subspecialties, and be costly in terms of space and equipment. PMID- 6689778 TI - The radiologist's role in the management of chondrosarcoma. AB - The decision whether to call a slowly growing chondrosarcoma of a long bone benign or malignant is difficult for the pathologist, who must consider the location of the biopsy sample as well as the microscopic findings. The radiologist examining the mineralization of the lesion may also have a difficult time arriving at a prognosis. The author suggests that calcific rings within a cartilaginous tumor may be a sign of a low-grade lesion. On observing such a finding, it is necessary to determine whether or not the lesion is invading the surrounding bone or cartilage. If the lesion is unmistakably malignant, or even if there is any question, it must be excised in its entirety, as curettage is not sufficient to halt the spread of tumor. In most cases the radiologist will have a better chance of assessing possible malignancy than the pathologist, particularly if distinction between benign and low-grade malignant tumor is involved. PMID- 6689779 TI - Thoughts on the diagnosis of bone tumors. AB - The pathologist and the radiologist have each been given reason to believe that he is capable of accurately diagnosing bone tumors without the assistance of the other. However, each specialist has recourse to tools and procedures not available to the other, and their findings should be considered as complementary. Although there are radiographic features which could be an indication of malignancy, there are too many common exceptions to formulate a general rule. Likewise, although the pathologist can examine microscopic morphology and obtain biochemical information using special stains, the sample being examined may not be representative of the entire tumor. Thus the ultimate benefit to the patient can be obtained only if the radiologist and pathologist work in concert with one another and with the surgeon toward the common goals of accurate diagnosis and prompt, appropriate management of bone tumors. PMID- 6689780 TI - Magnetic resonance without nuclear. AB - The American College of Radiology's Commission on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance has recommended adoption of the term "Magnetic Resonance" as a replacement. The author offers background and rationale for this shift in terminology. PMID- 6689781 TI - Re: Reassessment of the routine double-contrast examination of the esophagus. PMID- 6689782 TI - Re: Speculation on the mechanism for amiodarone-induced pneumonitis. PMID- 6689783 TI - Shoulder impingement syndrome: radiographic evaluation. AB - The impingement syndrome is an important source of shoulder pain that occurs when the bony and soft-tissue structures of the superior aspect of the shoulder encroach upon the coracoacromial ligamentous arch during abduction of the arm. Subacromial bursitis, bicipital tendinitis, and rotator cuff disruptions are common sequelae of this abnormality. The presence of bony excrescences arising from the anteroinferior aspect of the acromion and of flattening and sclerosis of the greater tuberosity of the humerus is an important plain radiographic sign of the impingement syndrome. Fluoroscopy, shoulder arthrography, subacromial bursography, and bursotomography are fundamental diagnostic imaging modalities in this disorder. PMID- 6689784 TI - Inflammatory pancreatic masses. Problems in differentiating focal pancreatitis from carcinoma. AB - The authors studied 19 patients with focal inflammatory masses of the pancreas over an 18-month period. In 13 cases, transhepatic cholangiography and/or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were unsuccessful in differentiating pancreatitis from carcinoma. Eighteen patients had a history of alcohol abuse, and 12 had had pancreatitis previously. Pre-existing glandular injury appears to be a prerequisite to formation of focal inflammatory pancreatic masses. PMID- 6689785 TI - Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas. Radiographic, CT, sonographic, and angiographic features. AB - Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas is a nonfunctioning tumor seen a slowly enlarging upper abdominal mass in young women. It is usually large, well encapsulated, and undergoing necrotic degeneration. On ultrasound, it is sharply defined, nonhomogeneous, and lacking central enhancement. On angiography, it can be avascular or hypovascular depending on the degree of necrosis. Calcification has not been reported, and metastatic deposits are rare. Excision leads to an excellent prognosis. PMID- 6689786 TI - Percutaneous arterial grafting. AB - A new technique for percutaneous arterial grafting was developed using a unique metal alloy (nitinol) with a heat dependent memory. Ten tightly wound nitinol coils (5-15 mm in diameter and 2-5 cm in length) were straightened in ice water and passed via catheter into the iliac artery or abdominal aorta of nine animals. Long term patency (15 weeks) was demonstrated in all but one graft. In one animal, an experimentally created abdominal aortic aneurysm was successfully treated by interposition of a nitinol graft. This new technique may be a valuable adjunct to conventional treatment of both obstructive and aneurysmal arterial disease in man. PMID- 6689787 TI - Pancreatic and peripancreatic vessels: embolization for control of bleeding in pancreatitis. AB - Bleeding associated with pancreatitis has a high mortality rate. Angiographic demonstration of uncontrollable bleeding or large pseudoaneurysms is an indication for emergency surgery. We have encountered a group of patients with obvious clinical gastrointestinal hemorrhage out of proportion to angiographic findings. Vessel abnormalities included areas of encasement, small pseudoaneurysms, and occasional extravasation without a clearly defined source. With the high risk of mortality in such patients, embolization is a viable method of therapy. Three patients are described who had different angiographic presentations and in whom hemorrhage was safely controlled with embolic therapy using nonpermanent occlusive materials. PMID- 6689788 TI - Osteomyelitis in children: detection by magnetic resonance. Work in progress. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in five children, ages 9 to 12, with acute, subacute, chronic, and recurrent osteomyelitis. Saturation recovery (SR), T2-weighted spin echo, and inversion recovery (IR) pulse sequences were employed. A reduction in the normally bright image of bone marrow corresponded with abnormalities seen on radiographs, CT scans, and radionuclide scans. SR images produced the best signal-to-noise ratios. Contrast between normal and abnormal marrow was most pronounced on IR sequences, which suggested an increase in water content of inflamed marrow. Abnormalities were sometimes seen on MR images before they could be detected on radiographs. Some MR abnormalities were present when CT and radionuclide studies were normal or equivocal. PMID- 6689789 TI - Miliary pulmonary blastomycosis. AB - Five patients with proved blastomycosis had a diffuse miliary nodular pattern seen on chest radiographs. These cases are presented to emphasize that blastomycosis may be the cause of a miliary pattern in an endemic area. Documentation requires recovery of the organism from body fluids or tissue since skin and serologic testing are unreliable indicators of active disease. With prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the patient may recover from this form of endogenous disseminated reinfection that otherwise may be fatal, particularly in the immunocompromised host. PMID- 6689791 TI - Chronic subdural hematoma: demonstration by magnetic resonance. AB - The ability of magnetic resonance (MR) to identify intracranial hematomas was tested in five patients with clinical and computed tomographic signs of chronic subdural hematoma. The extracerebral collections were displayed as a zone of bright intensity using the T1-weighted inversion recovery (IR 1,500/400) sequence, reflecting the lesions' short T1 relaxation times. The collections also showed high intensity using the spin echo (SE) sequence, with a longer delay of 100 ms and 160 ms, reflecting the long T2 relaxation time. The spin echo sequence with a repetition time of 500 ms and an echo delay of 160 ms (SE 500/160) almost effaced other structures in the image, thus increasing the specificity of this pulse scheme for detection of chronic blood collections. Although in two of the five patients the subdural hematomas were in the isodense CT phase, all were easily visualized with MR. PMID- 6689790 TI - Head trauma evaluated by magnetic resonance and computed tomography: a comparison. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) images and computed tomograms of 25 patients with head trauma were compared. MR proved to be superior in many ways for demonstrating extracerebral as well as intracerebral traumatic lesions. Isodense subdural hematomas, which present a diagnostic dilemma on CT images were clearly seen on MR, regardless of their varying CT densities. In a case of epidural hematoma, the dura mater was shown directly as nearly devoid of signal on MR. Direct coronal images provided excellent visualization of extracerebral collections along the peritentorial space and subtemporal area. In a patient with intracerebral hematoma, CT failed to demonstrate residual parenchymal changes in a 3-month follow-up study, but MR clearly depicted the abnormalities. The superiority of MR over CT was also well illustrated in a patient with post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the calvarium. PMID- 6689792 TI - Cerebral abnormalities: use of calculated T1 and T2 magnetic resonance images for diagnosis. AB - The potential clinical importance of T1 and T2 relaxation times in distinguishing normal and pathologic tissue with magnetic resonance (MR) is discussed and clinical examples of cerebral abnormalities are given. T1 and T2 values may be used in three ways: (a) Relative values, obtained by an analysis of intensity images with varying dependence on T1 and T2, may be used if absolute values for T1 and T2 are not required for diagnosis. (b) If an absolute value is desired, the numerical values for the relaxation times may be generated using a region of interest on the intensity images. (c) In cases in which both T1 and T2 change may require a calculated image to indicate the contribution of each to the signal intensity, the numerical value may be used to generate analogue images of T1 or T2 calculations. Five patients with cerebral infarction, 15 with multiple sclerosis, two with Wilson disease, and four with tumors were imaged. Hemorrhagic and ischemic cerebrovascular accidents were distinguished using the spin echo technique. In the patients with multiple sclerosis, lesions had prolonged T1 and T2 times, but the definition of plaque was limited by spatial resolution. No abnormalities in signal intensity were seen in the patient with Wilson disease who was no longer severely disabled; abnormal increased signal intensity in the basal ganglia was found in the second patient with Wilson disease. Four tumors produced abnormal T1 and T2 relaxation times but these values alone were not sufficient for tumor characterization. PMID- 6689793 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of brain tumors: measurement of T1. Work in progress. AB - Longitudinal relaxation times (T1) of 20 brain tumors were calculated in vivo using a whole-body magnetic resonance unit with a 0.15-T resistive magnet. Images employing standard inversion recovery pulse sequences with different intervals between the 180 degrees pulse and selective excitation pulses were compared on every point of the 256 X 256 pixel matrix. Tumor, white matter, and gray matter were sampled from each patient from the computed T1 image for T1 measurement. Astrocytomas, neurinomas, and metastatic tumors showed longer T1 values than did meningiomas. Lipomas had the shortest T1s. It is concluded that it is difficult to predict histological types of brain tumors by the measurement of T1 alone because of the wide variation in relaxation times, but measurement of T1 can be helpful in differentiating brain tumors when additional information about the patient's condition is known. PMID- 6689794 TI - Sustained-release theophylline preparations. A comparative survey of 467 patients. AB - The comparative efficacy and patient compliance with treatment using three sustained-release theophylline preparations currently available in The Netherlands were evaluated by measuring the plasma concentration achieved in a survey of 282 hospital and 185 out-patients. Compliance was dramatically better amongst in-patients than those attending out-patient clinics. Complete treatment avoidance was higher than expected. Compliance was better among non-smokers than among patients who were still smoking. Patients clearly preferred preparations which permitted a simple daily dosing schedule requiring the minimum number of tablets. On this basis and that of the parameters measured, Theolair Retard was the preparation of choice. Plasma concentration should be monitored during long term theophylline treatment. PMID- 6689795 TI - Comparison of two forced oscillation techniques. AB - The forced oscillation technique developed by Korn et al. in 1979 (Siregnost FD 5) overestimates the measured resistances by about 20% in the range of resistance values met in healthy subjects and in patients. This is due to an overestimation of the impedance of the side tubing used for calibration. In addition, the device that we investigated introduces a phase shift of 9 degrees between pressure and flow. PMID- 6689796 TI - Myoglobin content in leg skeletal muscle in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - Myoglobin was determined in biopsy specimens from the quadriceps muscle of 3 female and 15 male 48-to 78-year-old patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. The patients were examined after an overnight rest. All but 2 were slightly to moderately hypoxemic. The myoglobin level was in all but 1 instance below the mean previously observed for apparently healthy subjects of similar age. The results are in line with earlier findings of an abnormal pattern of energy-rich phosphagens in the skeletal muscle of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 6689797 TI - Detection of circulating DNA in plasma of patients with pulmonary embolism by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - In order to confirm the usefulness of free plasma DNA detection in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE), we have studied 16 patients with PE, 33 with various diseases, and 13 normal subjects. Free plasma DNA was detectable in 15 of 16 patients with PE (94%) and in 3 control patients, but never in plasma from normal subjects. In most cases, DNA was detectable until the 10th day after PE. In conclusion, counterimmunoelectrophoresis is a rapid, inexpensive and specific test which may be used as an exclusion test in the detection of patients suspected of having PE, who will have to undergo more extensive evaluation. PMID- 6689798 TI - Mode of inhalation for trained and untrained asthmatics using a pressurized aerosol. AB - A pressurized inhalation aerosol should be actuated at the beginning of a slow and deep inhalation, followed by a long pause of breathholding. In this study a registration was performed on the mode of inhalation. The flow-volume curve and the moment of actuation were obtained from an aerosol actuator provided with sensors, and the breathholding pause was measured. Data were obtained from 34 asthmatic patients, regularly trained to use the pressurized aerosol, and these data were compared with those from 44 untrained patients. When the subjects used a terbutaline sulfate aerosol in their usual fashion, most of the trained subjects succeeded well. Further improvements could possibly be made regarding the depth of inhalation and, after control with the recording device, regarding the flow rate at actuation. Most of the untrained subjects did not use a deep enough inhalation with respect to their vital capacity, and their breath-holding pause was very short. It only seems possible to improve these parameters by regular training. In order to reach optimal results the asthmatic patients must be regularly controlled and instructed regarding their use of a pressurized inhalation aerosol. A recording device is useful in demonstrating to each subject which parameter can be improved. PMID- 6689799 TI - Influence of an extension tube on the bronchodilator efficacy of terbutaline delivered from a metered dose inhaler. AB - Pressurized aerosols of sympathomimetic drugs are widely used in the treatment of bronchial asthma. The efficacy of this form of treatment is diminished in a number of patients by difficulties in coordination between the aerosol actuation and the inhalation. In order to improve the intrapulmonary deposition of terbutaline, an extension tube has been adapted to the regular pressurized aerosol device. In a cross-over randomized study we compared the bronchodilatory effect of increasing doses of terbutaline (250, 500 and 750 micrograms at 25-min intervals) either delivered by the regular pressurized aerosol device or by the device with the extension tube. The study was performed on 11 adult patients with reversible airways obstruction. Spirometry, body plethysmography and flow volume curves were performed. The onset of the bronchodilatory effect of a single dose of 250 micrograms terbutaline was more rapid after delivery via the extension tube. The addition of the extension tube caused a significantly higher bronchodilator efficacy of aerosolized terbutaline on the small airways. Our results show that the addition of an extension tube improves the bronchodilator efficacy of terbutaline delivered from a pressurized aerosol. PMID- 6689800 TI - Round atelectasis. AB - Round atelectasis is a little-known form of peripheral pulmonary collapse which may mimic a neoplastic tumor. Usually the atelectasis forms a well-demarcated round or oval intrapulmonary pleural-based mass at the basal, posterior or interlobar pleura. It is thought to be a sequela of a pleural effusion. If the radiographic features are characteristic, and fine-needle biopsy finding negative, the diagnosis of round atelectasis can be made with assurance, and unnecessary procedures such as thoracotomy and pulmonary resection can be avoided. In this paper experiences of 11 patients with this condition are presented. In 4 the diagnosis was established by surgery and in 7 a long-term follow-up confirmed the diagnosis of a nonmalignant intrapulmonary lesion. The pathogenesis, clinical and radiological features, and the diagnostic workup are discussed. PMID- 6689801 TI - Primary pulmonary amyloidosis. AB - A 51-year-old man with amyloidosis of the lungs, skin and testes, is described. For 7 years, there was an unusually slow progression of the disease and - compared to the literature - an uncommonly long survival. PMID- 6689803 TI - Prognosis with 500 ruptured and operated intracranial arterial aneurysms. AB - Based on a series of 500 operated intracranial aneurysms in 486 patients, we have analyzed the results of current neurosurgical treatment. The overall results (75% cures, 13% poor results, 12% deaths) depend on several factors, which have all to be analyzed: the age and general condition of the patient; the topography and mode of rupture of the aneurysm; and the timing of the surgical intervention. PMID- 6689804 TI - Neurinoma of the facial nerve associated with a parietal meningioma. AB - A rare neurinoma of the labyrinthine portion of the facial nerve with a parietal meningioma is reported. The association of these two tumors is discussed. Steroid receptor assays were performed. No hormone receptors were found, and the levels of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone in the plasma were normal. PMID- 6689805 TI - Transvascular treatment of giant aneurysms of the cavernous carotid and vertebral arteries. Functional investigation and embolization. AB - Functional angiographic investigation and percutaneous embolization using detachable balloons in nine carotid cavernous aneurysms, three petrous aneurysms, one vertebral artery aneurysm, and one posterior inferior cerebellar aneurysm are reported. A double-lumen balloon catheter is used to evaluate acute tolerance to occlusion of the carotid or vertebral arteries. Occlusion is tested under systemic heparinization. Local perfusion of heparinized saline, proximal as well as distal, to the balloon occlusion is used. The procedure was successful in all but one cavernous aneurysm. The arterial lumen was sacrificed in all cases. Clinical improvement occurred in all successful cases. Retro-orbital pain was relieved in all. Ocular cranial nerve palsies improved or resolved in most. One delayed ophthalmic episode that improved represents the only complication. No such embolic problems occurred in any case in which the cavernous carotid artery was occluded by balloon trapping. The delayed embolic complications after carotid artery occlusion are related to the collateral vessels to the C-4 and C-5 segments of the artery. Balloon trapping decreases the length of the thrombosed segment and prevents retrograde filing of the aneurysm. PMID- 6689802 TI - Applicability of a simple nasal provocation test in etiologic diagnosis of bronchial asthma. AB - The applicability of nasal challenge for etiologic diagnosis of extrinsic asthma was evaluated by assessing easiness of performance, precision, and cost of a standardized test by metered nebulizer in 20 asthmatics with and without concurrent rhinitis submitted also to skin prick tests and RAST. Although less sensitive than in the group with rhinitis (where precision was 90.4%), the nasal provocation test proved to be an easy, inexpensive, and specific (82.3%) means for contributing to the identification of allergic sensitization in patients affected by asthma alone. PMID- 6689807 TI - Multifocal brain radionecrosis masquerading as tumor dissemination. AB - The authors report on an autopsy-proven case of multifocal widespread radionecrosis involving both cerebral hemispheres and masquerading as tumor dissemination on a CT scan done 13 months after complete resection of an oligodendroglioma followed by radiation therapy. This case demonstrates that radiation damage may be present in a CT scan as a multifocal, disseminated lesion. Since the survival of brain-tumor patients who have undergone radiation therapy is prolonged by aggressive therapy, the incidence and variability of radiation-induced complications in such cases is likely to increase. For similar reasons, the radionecrosis in such cases should be taken into consideration. A short review of the CT scan findings and diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in a case of widespread radionecrosis is presented. The need for appropriate diagnosis and subsequent life-saving management is emphasized. PMID- 6689806 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage in an adolescent with spontaneous occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery and reconstruction by collateral vessels (Moyamoya phenomenon). AB - A case of a 12-year-old girl with subarachnoid hemorrhage and a hematoma in the pineal region is reported. With cerebral angiography, an occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery and its reconstruction by numerous dilated lenticulostriate collateral vessels were demonstrated. Subarachnoid hemorrhage in children with Moyamoya phenomenon is a rare event that may result from rupture of dilated collateral vessels or associated microaneurysms. PMID- 6689808 TI - Galenic arteriovenous malformation with precocious puberty. AB - Pineal lesions may appear with precocious puberty. In this report, a patient with precocious puberty and macrogenitosomia caused by an arteriovenous malformation in the pineal region is presented. This vascular malformation was not visualized during investigations 3 years before the present series. It appears that the vascular malformation increased considerably in size within a 3-year period. This case suggests that some arteriovenous malformations may take a malignant course, increasing rapidly in size and behaving like tumors by causing destruction and compression of surrounding structures. This case seems to be unique because, to the best of our knowledge, an arteriovenous malformation associated with precocious puberty has never been described previously. PMID- 6689809 TI - Juxtasellar mycotic abscess. AB - A rare case of juxtasellar mycotic abscess with suprasellar extension is reported. The patient had double vision, only a mild abducens palsy, and no sign of inflammation, history of nasal sinusitis, or diabetes mellitus. Although a histologic examination showed massive fungal mycelia with thin capsules and no tumor cells, the neuroradiologic findings were like those in a clival chordoma or epidermoid tumor. PMID- 6689810 TI - Spinal hydatid cysts. AB - Eleven cases of spinal hydatid cyst are reported. The patients were admitted with symptoms of compression of the spinal cord. The cysts were localized epidurally in 10 patients and intradurally but extramedullarily in one, and were confirmed histopatholgically after surgical intervention. The results are compared with those reported in the literature. Six of the patients were female and five were male. Their ages ranged from 10 to 65 years. All of the patients were treated surgically, with an incidence of cyst recurrence of 18% and no mortality. Mebendazole (Vermox) was given to two of the patients after their operations. PMID- 6689811 TI - New lumboperitoneal shunt catheter. AB - A new catheter is described for percutaneous lumboperitoneal shunts. The method of introduction and indications for this shunt are reviewed. PMID- 6689813 TI - Epidural pulse waveform as an indicator of intracranial pressure dynamics. AB - With an increase in intracranial pressure during epidural balloon inflation, epidural pulse waveform, which is polyphasic under normal conditions, becomes monotonous at about 30 mmHg. This change in waveform is considered closely related to the apparent increase in arterial driving pressure to the brain and to a disturbance of venous outflow. When cerebral vasodilatation is prominent, the waveform becomes monotonous at a significantly lower intracranial pressure. These findings correlate well with the results of spectral analysis of the pulse wave. The usefulness of change in epidural pulse waveform, which can indicate an alteration of intracranial pressure dynamics in a relatively low pressure range, is discussed with comparison to other techniques used to determine intracranial pressure dynamics. PMID- 6689815 TI - Multiple meningiomas. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of multiple meningiomas without the stigmata of von Recklinghausen's disease is reported. The patient was followed up with serial computed tomography scanning over a 3-year period. The literature on multiple meningiomas is reviewed. PMID- 6689812 TI - Congenital inclusion cysts of the subgaleal space. AB - Congenital inclusion cysts of the subgaleal space in 23 white children are reported. Twenty-two cysts were dermoid and one was epidermoid in nature. The lesions were extracranial and had no intracranial extension. Their location in the subgaleal space was median or paramedian. Their clinical, radiologic, biochemical, and histologic characteristics are detailed and compared with those from Africa. This series counters the motion that such cysts are extremely rare in whites and that the anterior fontanel is their only site of location, as claimed by various authors from Africa. PMID- 6689814 TI - Thromboembolic complications after combined internal carotid ligation and extra- to-intracranial bypass. AB - Twelve cases of probable embolic complication occurring during or after therapeutic occlusion of the internal carotid artery are summarized briefly. In each case, an extracranial-to-intracranial bypass procedure had been performed. These cases were collected from an informal survey of 30 neurosurgeons. In most instances, the middle cerebral artery became occluded as a result of an embolus, probably formed in the occluded internal carotid artery or possibly in the giant aneurysm being treated. The literature on surgical carotid occlusion is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the frequency and pathogenesis of ischemic complications. PMID- 6689816 TI - Computed tomography of an optic chiasm glioma in an elderly patient. AB - A 75-year-old white woman, otherwise healthy, developed progressively reduced visual acuity primarily in her left eye over 2 months. A computed tomography scan of the head demonstrated a moderately large, round, circumscribed, benign appearing suprasellar mass that was enhanced with infusion of contrast medium. At craniotomy, a glioma of the optic chiasm that extended into the left optic nerve was observed. PMID- 6689817 TI - Meningioma of the anterior third ventricle presenting with parkinsonism. AB - The authors report an unusual case of a meningioma in the anterior third ventricle, which presented with parkinsonism without any sign of increased intracranial pressure. The mechanism whereby parkinsonism developed in this particular case is briefly discussed. PMID- 6689818 TI - Neurosurgery in developing countries. PMID- 6689819 TI - Histological changes, rhinoscopical findings and nickel concentration in plasma and urine in retired nickel workers. AB - Histological examination of nasal biopsy specimens, rhinoscopical evaluation and nickel analysis in plasma and urine were performed on 59 retired nickel workers. The histological characteristics were graded according to a numerical classification table. Workers with short employment and short retirement time had a significantly lower mean histological scores than those with long employment and long retirement. Thirteen persons (22%) showed epithelial dysplasia, possibly representing precancerous lesions. Also included in the material were four cases of nasal carcinoma. Presence of hyperplastic/polypoid nasal mucosa was inversely related to the duration of retirement, possibly reflecting gradual regression of the mucosal swelling after termination of the irritation. The nickel concentration in plasma and urine was significantly higher among former roasting/smelting workers than in former electrolysis and non-process workers. This is probably a consequence of the slow release of heavy soluble nickel compounds that have accumulated in the organism at the former place of work. PMID- 6689820 TI - Effects of nasal occlusion on respiration in sleep. Evidence of inheritability of sleep apnea proneness. AB - An influence of complete mechanical obstruction of the nasal passages was investigated in 6 apneic-free sons of fullblown sleep apnea patients and in 4 age matched normal young adults without a familial history of sleep apnea. Nasal obstruction caused a significant increase in the number of sleep apneas in the sons of the sleep apnea patients as compared with controls. The results support the suggestion that sleep apnea syndrome may be caused by an exacerbation of an inherited respiratory instability in sleep resulting from increased airway resistance. PMID- 6689821 TI - Postnatal growth of the human septal cartilage. Preliminary report. AB - Growth activities in different areas of the human septal cartilage were determined by the extent of DNA synthesis and matrix synthesis in 20 patients aged 6 to 40 years. DNA synthesis measured by in vitro incorporation of 3H labelled thymidine was markedly elevated in the anterior free end and the central area of the septum in all age groups. Matrix synthesis measured by in vitro incorporation of labelled sulphate into proteoglycans showed a comparable age independent activity in the anterior free end, whereas in the suprapremaxillary area, matrix synthesis displayed its greatest activity during childhood, showing thereafter a continuous decline during puberty and adulthood. A similar age dependent pattern in this area, though at a much lower level, could also be demonstrated for the extent in DNA synthesis. PMID- 6689822 TI - Patency of the maxillary sinus ostium in healthy individuals. AB - In a group of 20 healthy subjects the patency of the maxillary ostium has been evaluated in 35 maxillary sinuses with three different techniques: simultaneous pressure recording in the sinus and the ipsi- and contralateral nasal cavity; simultaneous recording of differential pressure between the sinus and the ipsilateral nasal cavity and air-flow through the ostium during nasal breathing; recording of the pressure rise in the sinus with an artificial air-flow of 1 litre per minute applied to the sinus. The tests were carried out in sitting and recumbent positions. In 5 persons (10 sinuses) a retest was performed after 2 months. These subjects were also tested with an inflatable neck cuff in order to obtain an increased venous pressure. Rhinomanometry at rest and after physical effort was also performed. The pressure relationship between the maxillary sinus and the ipsilateral nasal cavity was 1:1 in both the sitting and the recumbent position, but less than 1 when the contralateral nasal cavity was measured. Pressure recording alone gives no quantitative information about the patency of the ostium. Determination of the ostial resistance during nasal breathing could be performed in 13 sinuses, but in the remaining 22 the ostia were too wide to give a measurable resistance. The equivalent ostial diameter during inspiration could be estimated in 12 of the sinuses from a diagram constructed from known ostial diameters in model experiments. With an artificial air-flow applied into the sinus, the equivalent ostial diameters could be estimated from the diagram in all cases. No statistical difference was found in comparable cases between the mean equivalent ostial diameters estimated with the two methods. The equivalent ostial diameters showed a statistically significant reduction in the recumbent position and after application of the neck cuff. A statistically significant relationship was also found between the airway resistance of the nasal cavity and the equivalent diameter of the ostium in sitting and recumbent positions. Such a relationship could not be found between the equivalent ostial diameters measured at rest and the nasal resistance recorded after physical effort. PMID- 6689823 TI - Mucus production in chronic maxillary sinusitis. A quantitative histopathological study. AB - A quantitative histological investigation, comprising 47 maxillary sinuses with chronic sinusitis subjected to the whole-mount method, was undertaken principally to determine the degree of mucus production. The goblet cell density in the maxillary sinus was found to be significantly lower (7350 cells/mm2) in chronic sinusitis than in the normal maxillary sinus (9700 cells/mm2). The gland density was 1.2 gland/mm2, which is six times that of the normal maxillary sinus. Several varieties of pathological tubulous glands were encountered; they could be simple and short, long, or branched. These glands are formed during the disease state as a result of basal cell hyperplasia. In addition to new formation of glands, the mucosa in chronic sinusitis also displayed hyperplasia and hyperactivity of the normal tubuloacinous, seromucous glands. It is concluded that the increased mucus production in chronic sinusitis mainly is derived from the newly formed glands. PMID- 6689824 TI - Neuromuscular junctions of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in the human adult, human fetus and cat. Histochemical and electron microscopic study. AB - The motor end plate of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA muscle) in the human adult, human fetus and cat was examined by using electron microscopy and histochemical methods. In the present study, we observed the single-type motor end plate and en plaque type neuromuscular junction. At the neuromuscular junction of the fetal PCA muscle, the primary synaptic cleft, the basement membrane and the postsynaptic density could already be observed; however, there was no secondary synaptic cleft. Histochemically, the subneural apparatus was filled with electron-dense products, indicating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The primary and secondary synaptic clefts in the adult PCA muscle were well developed and intense AChE activity was present. The appearance of the neuromuscular junction and its localization of AChE activity was similar to that in the cat PCA muscle. PMID- 6689825 TI - The morphological basis for development of Reinke's oedema. AB - Normal human vocal cords and surgically removed Reinke's oedema were studied by light and electron microscopy. The Reinke's space between the lamina propria and vocal ligament was filled with loose connective tissue sheets, which seemed to be an organic part of the vocal ligament. The structure suggested the possibility of the lamellae moving on each other. This could be important for the vibratory function of vocal cords. Inside the lamellae, masses of inmature young elastic fibres were found. Reinke's oedema develops in the superficial elastic sheets. Therefore in the case of surgical intervention the specially structured rubbery elastic vocal cord mucosa must be removed, which is essential to perfect vibratory function. PMID- 6689826 TI - Respiratory function in post-laryngectomy patients related to stomal size. AB - Thirty-nine laryngectomized patients from the Professorial Unit of The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, were recalled between 6 months and 18 years after operation. The tracheal and stomal diameters were measured and, in addition to a full general examination, respiratory function tests (including arterial blood gas estimations) were performed. Most patients had impaired respiratory function tests which were in excess of the expected impairment due to age alone. The study suggests that impaired function is due to intercurrent pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, rather than anatomical factors related to the changed upper airway. There was no correlation between stomal size or tracheal/stomal cross sectional area ratio and the measured respiratory function. PMID- 6689827 TI - Cervical vertebral problems as a cause of variations in the nystagmographic R factor. AB - All patients who complained of dizziness during 1981 and in whom the nystagmograms indicated either central damage or were found normal, were investigated further regarding changes in their R-factor (an expression for amplitude). This was deduced from the nystagmographic readings produced by caloric testing in these patients. It was thus found that patients with pain or stiffness in the neck had a significantly raised R-factor in all age groups. PMID- 6689828 TI - Meniere's disease in infants. AB - We described 3 patients who, from early infancy, evidenced attacks of vomiting associated with fluctuating hearing loss, culminating in bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss. The patients suffered from Meniere's disease, according to all clinical yardsticks. The patients described by us were at first diagnosed and treated for gastroenteritis or meningitis. Meniere's disease was not suspected. We want to point out that Meniere's disease, though usually presenting itself at middle age, may well start in childhood as well as in infancy, and should be suspected whenever vomiting, without diarrhea, is associated with some hearing loss at any age--no matter how young the patient is. It is also possible that some sensorineural hearing losses in late childhood or adulthood are in effect the end result of burnt-out Meniere's disease--as our second case presented himself. PMID- 6689830 TI - Postnatal development of the auditory evoked brainstem potentials in the guinea pig. AB - The postnatal development of lower stations in the auditory pathway was studied in the guinea pig by recording auditory brainstem potentials. At birth, the brainstem responses of young guinea pigs already have thresholds corresponding to those of adult animals. However, the latencies of the individual potentials are significantly longer than those in the control group. Within the 4 weeks of the study, the latency of each of the five potentials reached the adult value. Both the rate of latency normalization and the characteristic changes in potential amplitude indicate that maturation of the auditory pathway proceeds centripetally. PMID- 6689829 TI - Developmental gradients in the embryonic chick's basilar papilla. AB - The basilar papilla, the avian counterpart to Corti's organ, was examined cytologically in the embryonic chick (Gallus domesticus) from stages 31 through 46 (hatching). Developmental reconstructions were prepared by using light microscopy to analyse serial sections (1-5 microM) along the entire lagenar length and electron microscopy to examine representative thin sections from the proximal, medial and distal regions. We identified two gradients, the lateral and longitudinal. In the longitudinal gradient, the mid-basal basilar papilla, which lies directly above the statoacoustic ganglion, develops before the proximal and distal regions as evidenced by the maturation of hair cells and afferent synapses. Similarly, in the lateral gradient, tall hair cells and afferent synapses develop before short hair cells and their respective afferent terminals. Efferent synaptogenesis follows the same two gradients several days later than the afferents. Afferent synaptogenesis corresponds with the opening of the perilymphatic spaces and completion of the tectorial membrane. PMID- 6689831 TI - A quantitative study of the sequence of topographical changes in the organ of Corti following acoustic trauma. AB - The organs of Corti of 30 guinea pigs were examined quantitatively by scanning electron microscopy either immediately or 1, 3, 7 or 14 days after exposure to 3 kHz at 125 dB SPL for 30 min. Lesions (0.1-4.15 mm in length) were observed in 70% of the organs of Corti. There was no significant change in lesion length with recovery from the exposure. Early changes in hair cells consisted of stereocilia abnormalities, predominantly amongst inner hair cells and the first row of outer hair cells. The proportion of affected cells increased towards the centre of lesions, where supporting cells were affected also. Subsequent to exposure, affected hair cells were either lost or remained with stereocilia abnormalities but did not recover. Regions showing supporting cell damage were replaced within 3 days by inner sulcus and Claudius cells. Despite similar changes to stereocilia, inner hair cells were more resistant to necrosis than outer hair cells, suggesting that the nature of stereocilia damage does not necessarily indicate the fate of hair cells. PMID- 6689832 TI - Reciprocating nasal airflow resistances. AB - Reciprocal changes in airflow resistance between nasal cavities are induced by lateral recumbency, and also by unilateral pressures to body surfaces in postures which avoid hydrostatic differences between sides. The reciprocating spontaneous nasal cycle in erect subjects and these nasal responses to lateral posture and pressure maintain total nasal resistance in the range of 2-3 cmH2O (0.2-0.3 KPa)/l/sec. In the resting subject, erect or recumbent, the centrally mediated autonomic tone of capacitance vessels of nasal erectile mucosa maintains an adequately patent nasal airway despite marked differences in airflow resistance between the nasal cavities which accompany lateral recumbency, asymmetrical body surface pressures or the spontaneous nasal cycle. In addition to passive hydrostatic influences on nasal mucosal blood content, activity of the vasomotor centre modified by impulses from pressure sensors of the body surfaces reciprocally alters the tone of the nasal capacitance vessels. Nasal disorders hamper these stabilizing reciprocal adjustments in airflow resistance and adversely affect breathing mechanics in recumbent subjects. PMID- 6689833 TI - The effect of provoked allergic reaction and histamine on nasal mucosal blood flow in humans. AB - The allergic reaction in the nasal mucosa is a complex pathophysiological process with several chemical mediators involved. One of the primary mediators is histamine. This investigation was performed to study separately the effects of an allergic reaction and of histamine on the human nasal mucosal blood flow with the 133Xe wash-out method. An allergic reaction was provoked by pollen allergens and blood flow was estimated before and after provocation. In healthy subjects and in subjects with allergic rhinitis and off pollen season, the effect of histamine injected into the mucosa was studied. The allergic reaction decreased the blood flow but histamine had a converse effect in both allergic and normal subjects. This indicates that histamine alone is not responsible for the vascular effects in allergic rhinitis. Different mechanisms responsible for the decreased blood flow in the allergic reaction are discussed. PMID- 6689834 TI - Prescribing behaviors of primary care nurse practitioners. AB - The prescribing practices of 18 primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) with 1,683 patients over a six-month period were examined through a randomly selected audit of over 1,700 prescriptions. The results showed that NPs prescribed a very limited number of well known, relatively simple drugs to a young, female healthy population. The prescription/visit rate was 0.26. Most drugs were initiated for the first time rather than refilled. There was minimal physician consultation regarding drug use during the visit. The results provide evidence of the ability of nurse practitioners to prescribe drugs and should aid in the further legalization of this aspect of the primary care role. PMID- 6689837 TI - Physician-nurse practitioner interaction patterns in primary care practices. AB - A new method is presented which describes and measures the problem-solving and collaborative efforts between physicians and nurse practitioners on primary care teams. Application of the method would allow the relationship between team interaction and outcomes of health care to be studied. The method relates clinical problem-solving between team members to a measure of collaboration. Team interaction data were collected in a two-stage process for the purpose of tool development and refinement. Six nurse practitioner-physician teams practicing in three primary care settings participated. Audiotapes of team interactions were analyzed for initiation of interaction, character of the decision-making process that led to the interaction between providers, and characteristics of the exchange between physician and nurse practitioner. Inter-rater agreement was 0.80 for scoring of the rationale for interaction and 0.70 for collaborative scores. The findings suggest that this method is an uncomplicated clinically relevant means of allowing professionals in primary care practices to examine their own practice patterns. Trends in the data reveal little interaction between practitioners, and minimal physician initiation of exchange on the team. PMID- 6689835 TI - The incidence of treated end stage renal disease in the eastern United States: 1973-1979. AB - Incidence rates of treated end stage renal disease (ESRD) by age, sex, race, and reported primary etiology were analyzed for 20 contiguous Eastern States for the period 1973-1979. For White males and females rates have stabilized at 60 and 40 per million person-years, respectively, since 1977. The incidence rates for Blacks (125 per million person-years in males, and 100 in females in 1979), for hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy patients, and for the 65+ age group continue to increase. Higher incidence rates in males were noted for both races during the entire study period. Blacks had twice as high an incidence of treated ESRD as Whites, primarily due to hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy patients (7 and 2.5 times higher, respectively). PMID- 6689836 TI - High-risk young mothers: infant mortality and morbidity in four areas in the United States, 1973-1978. AB - An examination of the changes in infant mortality and morbidity in four regions in the United States has revealed high levels of health problems among the infants of two groups of mothers: those less than or equal to 17 years and 18-19 year-old multiparas, many of whom began their childbearing under age 18. Despite decreases over the period of observation, neonatal mortality rates remain over one and a half times as high for infants of these mothers as for other mothers, largely due to the relatively high proportion of low birthweight (LBW) infants born to these mothers. Post-neonatal mortality rates also remain high, and may be increasing; this change cannot be explained solely by differences in proportion of LBW infants between these and older mothers. Both the high post-neonatal mortality rates and the type of morbidity experienced by surviving infants is consistent with the socioeconomic disadvantage of young mothers. The data further indicate the limited resources available to these mothers to cope with their children's health needs, and their potential vulnerability to decreases in public programs supporting child health care. PMID- 6689839 TI - Maternal age and overdue conceptions. AB - Data from the National Survey of Family Growth, Cycles I and II, are used to describe the level and trend in the incidence of births resulting from pregnancies which began later than desired. Overdue births were about 12 per cent of the total in 1973-75, and the trend was upward, especially among mothers over 25. Pregnancies 12 months or more overdue were more common among mothers over 30 than younger mothers. Analysis of waiting times to conception among women who scheduled intercourse for the monthly fertile period suggests that a decline in fecundity after age 30 may be a factor in overdue births. PMID- 6689838 TI - Effects of parental smoking on medical care utilization by children. AB - A household interview survey of 2,582 adult members of the Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care Program of Oregon conducted in 1970-71 contained detailed questions about cigarette smoking patterns. Detailed, computerized medical records were maintained for all inpatient and outpatient care rendered between 1967 and 1974 to the 1,761 children of the interviewed sample. Adjusted for age, family size, socioeconomic status, and duration of Health Plan membership, children in non smoking households used significantly more outpatient services than did children in smoking households, a relationship largely accounted for by their use of more preventive medical services than by children in smoking households. There were no significant differences in inpatient medical care use and outpatient care use for respiratory illness by children of smoking and non-smoking households. PMID- 6689841 TI - End state renal disease: how many, how much? PMID- 6689840 TI - Hysterectomies in one Canadian Province: a new look at risks and benefits. AB - This paper assesses the risks and benefits associated with hysterectomy by comparing the age-adjusted health care usage patterns of all women receiving hysterectomy in the Province of Manitoba in 1974 during the two years before and the two years after surgery with those of women undergoing cholecystectomy, and with those of an age and sex matched population sample. Less than half of the women have dilation and curettage of the uterus prior to hysterectomy, despite the fact that menstrual disorders are the most frequent problem bringing women to the physician's office. Despite a low mortality rate, there is a significant risk (40 per 1,000 cases) of complications requiring hospital readmission during the two years after hysterectomy and associated repair procedures. Although women visit their physician less frequently with gynecologic problems after surgery, they visit more frequently for psychological problems, urinary tract infections, and menopausal symptoms. Both before and after surgery women visit the physicians more frequently than do the age-matched comparison groups. PMID- 6689842 TI - Use of ambulatory care services in three provider plans: interactions between patient characteristics and plans. AB - A previous study of low-income enrollees in a closed-panel health maintenance organization (HMO) and a Blue Cross/Blue Shield (BC/BS) plan showed that the effect on the use of health services of the age, sex, health status, previous health care use, race, and family size of the enrollees was different in the two plans. We have replicated this study using the same two provider plans but studying a different group of white collar, middle class enrollees. A third plan, an experimental independent practice association (IPA), was also available for analysis. Utilization was defined as use (yes/no) and the quantity of use for those who used services (in standardized dollars). Significant interactions were detected between plan and all of the independent variables but race. The use of services in the HMO was least affected by enrollees' characteristics (age, sex, race, health status, prior use, family size) and use was most sensitive to patient characteristics in BC. In some respects, the IPA was more like the HMO and in other respects more like the BC/BS plan. PMID- 6689843 TI - Design and methods in a multi-center case-control interview study. AB - We conducted a case-control study in ten areas of the United States in which a total of 2,982 bladder cancer patients and 5,782 population controls were interviewed. We employed a variety of existing and new techniques to reduce bias and to monitor the quality of data collected. We review here many of the design elements and field methods that can be generally applied in epidemiologic studies, particularly multi-center interview studies, and explain the reasons for our selection of the methods, instruments, and procedures used. PMID- 6689844 TI - Consumption of coffee or tea and symptoms of anxiety. AB - The relationship of consumption of coffee or tea to self-reported symptoms of anxiety is examined with data from the detailed examination component of the National Center for Health Statistics Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Among this nationwide sample of 3,854 respondents, there was no significant association between consumption of coffee or tea and symptoms of anxiety. PMID- 6689845 TI - Homicide in childhood: a public health problem in need of attention. AB - Homicide is now among the five leading causes of death in childhood, accounting for 1/20 deaths of those less than 18 years of age. Based on childrens' changing developmental vulnerabilities, it is possible to characterize three subtypes of child homicide--infanticide, fatal child abuse and neglect after infancy, and homicide in the community. Specific approaches to primary prevention include measures to strengthen families and their community support systems, and to educate adults and children concerning appropriate behaviors of children at different ages. PMID- 6689846 TI - Comparability ratios by age: based on deaths of Metropolitan policyholders. AB - Comparability ratios based on 42,229 deaths of Metropolitan policyholders in 1979 were computed by age between the 8th and 9th revision ICD codes for 72 selected causes of death. Comparability ratios by age are not available elsewhere. Except for accidents and adverse effects, the comparability ratios for the major causes of death at all ages combined were in close agreement with those computed by the National Center for Health Statistics. PMID- 6689847 TI - Overutilization of the general hospital emergency room for psychiatric referrals in an Israeli hospital. AB - Consecutive referrals numbering 177 to the psychiatrist in an Israeli general hospital emergency room (ER) over a two-month period were evaluated. Only one third met our criteria of justifiability. When the general practitioner (GP) was the referral source, we considered only 29 per cent of cases justified as compared to 70 per cent of the self-referrals. A combination of poor understanding by the GP of when to refer urgently, efforts by the GP to bypass clinic waiting lists, and lack of alternative community facilities may have accounted for this finding. PMID- 6689848 TI - The effects of high voltage transmission lines on the health of adjacent resident populations. AB - A community health survey of 438 individuals was taken to detect health problems related to high voltage electrical transmission among an adjacent residential population. Results revealed no significant or consistent relationships between exposure to a high-voltage DC power line and the perceived health problems that were measured. The sample was not, however, large enough to draw statistically significant conclusions regarding possible health effects with a very low incidence. PMID- 6689849 TI - Knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding vasectomy among residents of Hamilton County, Ohio, 1980. AB - A telephone survey of 1,172 Hamilton County, Ohio residents indicated that for ever-married people, 25.1 per cent of those aged 18-45 and 33.8 per cent of those 30-45 had been sterilized. Blacks and Whites had comparable levels of sterilization but, among Blacks, female sterilization was over eight times as common as vasectomy, while for Whites, the ratio was 1.2. Catholics had only one half the sterilization rate of Protestants. Race, sex, income, and education were all related to knowledge and attitudes toward vasectomy. The need for more information was a major reason cited for not having a vasectomy. PMID- 6689850 TI - Active surveillance at local level for communicable disease reporting. PMID- 6689851 TI - Trauma mortality in Orange County: the effect of implementation of a regional trauma system. AB - One hundred eighteen deaths from motor vehicle accidents were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the effect of implementation of a regional trauma system. Fifty-eight deaths occurring prior to implementation and 60 occurring after were reviewed by teams of four physicians. Following implementation the proportion of potentially salvageable deaths dropped from 34% (20/58) to 15% (9/60) (P less than .02). Seven of the nine potentially salvageable deaths occurred in 13 patients treated in non-trauma facilities (54%), while only two potentially salvageable deaths occurred in 47 patients treated in trauma facilities (4%) (P less than .0002). The median age of patients dying of trauma rose from 22 to 27 years (P less than .04); the median Injury Severity Score rose from 42.5 to 52.0 (P less than .03). The 1981 death rate for vehicular trauma dropped to 13.93 per 100,000 population compared to a projected rate of 15.72 (P less than .03); the 1982 rate dropped to 12.37 compared to a projected rate of 15.80 (P less than .02). Implementation of a regional trauma system has resulted in significant improvements in trauma care and a reduction in the death rate from vehicular trauma. PMID- 6689853 TI - Diagnosis and management of ingested foreign bodies: a ten-year experience. AB - Ingested gastrointestinal foreign bodies may be managed by observation, endoscopy, and/or surgical intervention. We retrospectively reviewed 87 consecutive cases of foreign body ingestion. In 49 patients the ingested foreign body had passed beyond the gastroesophageal junction, and these cases form the basis of this study. Of the 49 patients, 19 (38.7%) required surgical intervention for removal of the swallowed object. Nearly 75% of these patients had swallowed objects that were more than 6.5 cm in length. Of 30 adults, more than 50% required surgery for removal of the foreign body. However, fewer than 16% of children who had swallowed and retained foreign bodies required surgery for ultimate cure. Based on these findings, guidelines are presented for the management of foreign body ingestion. PMID- 6689852 TI - Aortic compressor for aortic occlusion in hemorrhagic shock. AB - The aortic compressor is a device that allows rapid, simple, immediately reversible occlusion of the thoracic aorta, without the aortic dissection required to use an aortic cross-clamp. We evaluated the aortic compressor in a controlled study using a canine hemorrhagic shock model. Twelve mongrel dogs were exsanguinated to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 47 mm Hg and maintained at that level for 20 minutes. At that point, all animals had a left lateral thoracotomy. Six study animals had the thoracic aorta occluded at the diaphragm using the compressor. Five minutes after thoracotomy, with or without occlusion, the shed blood was reinfused. Application of the aortic compressor was the only variable. Use of the aortic compressor led to an immediate and statistically significant doubling of the study animals' MAP. The increased afterload of aortic occlusion did not impair cardiac output. The cardiac index of the study animals rose slightly, while that of the control animals fell. At the same time the compressor prevented blood flow to the abdominal aorta. If the canine model can be extrapolated to human application, then the aortic compressor would be expected to enhance perfusion of the heart and brain during hemorrhagic shock, prevent further arterial blood loss from intra-abdominal injury or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, and preserve already diminished cardiac output. Because the aorta does not need to be dissected out to use the compressor, there is no risk of injury to nearby vascular structures. PMID- 6689854 TI - Moped injuries. AB - A prospective 8-month study of moped accidents included 42 accident victims. Moped accidents had a high incidence of hospital admissions (29%), characterized mainly by neurologic and orthopedic injuries. A review of highway accident statistics from North and South Carolina showed that both moped accidents and fatalities are increasing steadily. Following the collision of a moped with a motor vehicle, there is a 4% chance of lethal injury and a 31% chance of severe injury. Recommendations for the prevention of moped accidents are presented. PMID- 6689855 TI - Katsu: traditional Japanese resuscitation methods. AB - Twelve traditional Japanese resuscitation methods, called Katsu, are described, and their history and medical aspects are compared with those of traditional Western methods of manual resuscitation. Five katsu, developed parallel to but independently of traditional Western methods, are inferior to CPR and are of historical interest only. Seven katsu not evaluated by Western researchers could be valuable if proven effective because they can be applied where CPR cannot. PMID- 6689856 TI - Diaphragmatic rupture following blunt trauma. PMID- 6689857 TI - Acute alcohol withdrawal complicated by supraventricular tachycardia: treatment with intravenous propranolol. AB - A case of severe alcohol withdrawal complicated by seizures, hallucinosis, hypertension, and supraventricular tachycardia is presented. When the patient showed no response to intravenous diazepam (total, 70 mg over 30 minutes) three 0.5-mg increments of propranolol were administered intravenously, resulting in immediate conversion to sinus rhythm and reduction of blood pressure from 210/130 mm Hg to 130/80 mm Hg. The use of intravenous propranolol as an adjunct to standard therapy in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome is discussed. PMID- 6689859 TI - Dental prosthesis as an unsuspected foreign body. AB - Ingested or aspirated dental prostheses may cause dysphagia and respiratory obstructions. We present the case of a patient with dementia who had a dental prosthesis lodged in his hypopharynx. This patient had routine radiologic studies and diagnostic scans to rule out primary and metastatic disease, was placed on total parenteral nutrition, and underwent several endoscopies before his dysphagia was related to aspiration of a dental prosthesis. The prosthesis was evident on radiologic examination, but was overlooked by the admitting service in the patient's differential diagnosis. After removal of the appliance, the patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged after a 22-day hospital stay. Early diagnosis and definitive patient treatment depends on prompt recognition. The importance of recognizing the radiographic appearance of a dental prosthesis is emphasized. PMID- 6689860 TI - High-dose naloxone for pentazocine overdose. PMID- 6689858 TI - Duodenal obstruction from peritoneal (Ladd's) bands in a ten-year-old child. AB - We report a case of a ten-year-old child presenting with a three-year history of recurrent abdominal pain. The patient was found to have a high grade obstruction of the third portion of the duodenum secondary to congenital bands. The diagnosis was made radiographically and surgery was curative. PMID- 6689861 TI - Blue jean hands syndrome. PMID- 6689862 TI - A multipurpose resuscitation catheter. PMID- 6689863 TI - The dilated pupil: new or old? PMID- 6689864 TI - Sudden death from toluene abuse. PMID- 6689865 TI - Outcome of pediatric resuscitation. PMID- 6689866 TI - Thiamine omitted from ACEP ALS medications document. PMID- 6689868 TI - Trials on trial. A review of trials of antibiotic prophylaxis. AB - The ability of a small-scale random-control clinical trial comprising less than 500 patients to disclose clinically important differences between treatment groups depends on the event rate in the control group. The high rate of wound infection after abdominal operations has attracted many trials of methods of antibiotic prophylaxis. We reviewed all of the pertinent English literature recorded in Index Medicus in 1980 and 1981. We examined 45 articles for defects in design, analysis, and presentation. Of the 45 articles, 25 reported statistically significant differences between treatment groups and 20, no significant differences. Unsatisfactory methods of randomization were used in four trials, ethics were questionable in 22, statistical methods were incorrect in 31, and presentation was inadequate in 40. We concluded that there is room for improvement in the conduct of clinical trials. PMID- 6689867 TI - Aortofemoral graft infection due to Staphylococcus epidermidis. AB - A ten-year review of aortofemoral graft infection documented Staphylococcus epidermidis as the infecting organism in 18 (60%) of 30 cases. Diagnosis of such infection required a high index of suspicion because of its late postoperative appearance (mean interval of 41 months) and the inability to identify a microorganism at operation by routine wound culture or Gram's stain. Clinical findings suggesting graft infection included multiple anastomotic aneurysms (18 patients), perigraft exudate (16 patients), a draining groin mass (five patients), and aortoduodenal fistulas (two patients). Due to the low concentration and virulence of the organism, aerobic culture of the prosthetic fabric in broth media provided the optimum method of confirming the S epidermidis infection. Total graft excision with immediate vascular reconstruction was the preferred treatment method and resulted in a mortality and major amputation rate of 11%. PMID- 6689869 TI - Anergy secondary to sepsis in rats. Relation to outcome. AB - A rat model was developed to determine if delayed hypersensitivity skin tests during early peritonitis would predict outcome. Presensitized rats were simultaneously tested intradermally with keyhole-limpet hemocyanin and given four types of fecal bacteria and 10% barium sulfate intraperitoneally. Rats were divided into four groups according to inoculum dose. Skin tests were read at 24 hours in survivors and correlated with death and abscesses during the next 19 days. In the two groups with greatest mortality, 35% of anergic rats died, compared with 0% of reactive rats. In the three groups with most abscesses, anergic rats had more abscesses than those that reacted. Overall, 90% of anergic rats died or had abscesses v only 10% of reactors. We concluded that the outcome of untreated peritonitis is determined in the first 24 hours; anergy at that time predicts death or abscess formation. PMID- 6689870 TI - Risk of infection following laparotomy for penetrating abdominal injury. AB - We analyzed the occurrence of putative risk factors for postoperative infection in 338 patients who underwent emergency laparotomy for penetrating abdominal injury. Mortality was 3%, with nine of ten deaths directly related to infectious complications. Gunshot wounds and colon injuries occurred more frequently in the patients who died than in survivors. Stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that transfusion requirement, length of operation, age, and the penetrating abdominal trauma index were the most significant risk factors for any infection. Other risk factors examined (shock, number of organs injured, mode of injury, and chest injury) did not contribute any additional information. Colon injury was more prevalent in patients with trauma-related infections than in those with nosocomial infections. PMID- 6689871 TI - Gas-liquid chromatography for rapid diagnosis of intra-abdominal infection. AB - We assessed the usefulness of gas-liquid chromatography in detecting fecal anaerobes in patients with suspected intra-abdominal infection related to the lower gastrointestinal tract. Twenty-five (89%) of 28 cultures with and five (26%) of 19 cultures without anaerobic isolates were positive for succinate. Data analysis showed that Bacteroides but not Enterobacteriaceae organisms were responsible for succinate production. Volatile acids other than acetate (VAs) were present in 16 (57%) of 28 culture-positive and one (7%) of 14 culture negative specimens. Sixteen (94%) of 17 VA-positive and seven (28%) of 25 VA negative specimens had anaerobic isolates shown by culture. The presence of certain VAs was associated with the recovery of specific groups of anaerobic bacteria. The presence of succinate or VA in intra-abdominal fluid provides a specific, useful method for the rapid detection of fecal anaerobes in patients with intra-abdominal infections. PMID- 6689872 TI - Neutrophil function in surgical patients. Relationship to adequate bacterial defenses. AB - Chemotaxis under agarose and the beta-glucosaminidase enzyme-release assay (BGERA) were evaluated for assessing neutrophil function in 44 patients in a surgical intensive care unit (SICU). The 27 patients shown to be angeric to delayed-type hypersensitivity skin tests at entry to the SICU had decreased neutrophil chemotaxis of 2.6 +/- 0.2 cm (mean +/- SEM) and a decreased BGERA result of 22.4% +/- 1.6%. Major sepsis developed in 59% of them, and 44% died. The ten relatively anergic patients (reacting to one antigen) had a normal neutrophil chemotactic response of 3.0 +/- 0.2 cm and a decreased BGERA result of 20.9% +/- 1.6%. Sepsis developed in 30% of them, and 20% died. The seven reactive patients (reacting to two or more antigens) had a neutrophil chemotaxis of 3.7 +/ 0.3 cm and a BGERA result of 18.9% +/- 1.7%. None had sepsis or died. The agarose method correlated best with the delayed-type hypersensitivity response. The BGERA results did not correlate with neutrophil chemotaxis and were not helpful in gauging neutrophil function. PMID- 6689874 TI - Skin testing. A valuable predictor in thermal injury? AB - Delayed hypersensitivity skin testing, a prognosticator of sepsis in severely injured patients, has been reported to have varied usefulness following thermal trauma. Skin tests were immediately and sequentially performed with six recall skin-test antigens on 69 patients with burns on greater than 25% of their total body surface area (TBSA). Skin tests were also immediately and sequentially performed with the same recall skin-test antigens on 42 patients with less than 25% of TBSA burned, as controls. In addition, calorie intake was recorded for all patients. Of the 69 patients with greater than 25% of TBSA burned, nine were normal, 13 were relatively anergic, and 47 were anergic. Of the patients in the less than 25% group, 13 were normal, 16 were relatively anergic, and 13 were anergic. In evaluating these data, we concluded that totally anergic patients are no more likely to die of sepsis than are normally responsive patients, nor are they more likely to have sepsis than normal and relatively anergic patients. PMID- 6689873 TI - Alterations in hepatic water and electrolyte balance in sepsis. AB - Since decreased nutrient flow has been proposed as the cause of hepatocellular dysfunction during sepsis, we studied hepatic Na+ and K+ balance in rats with sepsis to determine if these changes were consistent with ischemia-induced hepatocellular damage. Sepsis was produced in rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Seventeen to 19 hours following CLP, the rats were found to have late sepsis but not septic shock. At this time, either hepatic and RBC Na+ and K+ were determined in vivo, or the livers were isolated and perfused with Krebsbicarbonate buffer for 30 minutes prior to determining hepatic tissue Na+ and K+ levels. In contrast to previous reports of hemorrhagic shock and following hepatic ischemia, there was a significant increase in hepatic K+ in vivo and after 30 minutes of isolated perfusion in vitro. No significant changes were detected in RBC Na+ or K+. Thus, although decreased hepatic nutrient flow may develop during sepsis, hypoperfusion is not the cause of hepatocellular dysfunction. PMID- 6689875 TI - Potential for endotoxin-activated Kupffer's cells to induce microvascular thrombosis. AB - The potential contribution of Kupffer's cells, le, hepatic macrophages (HM phi s) to the diffuse microvascular thrombosis seen during septicemia was evaluated by measuring the ability of a homogeneous population of explanted HM psi s to express procoagulant activity (PCA). Addition of as little as 100 ng/mL of endotoxin stimulated a 30-fold increase over control values of PCA within eight hours. This PCA was membrane associated and functioned externally to the macrophage. Sensitivity to heat (56 degrees C) and diisopropyl fluorophosphate differentiated this PCA from typical tissue thromboplastin activity. The increase in PCA was blocked by pretreatment with warfarin sodium (a phytonadione blocker) and could be restored by addition of phytonadione. These studies showed that endotoxin induces in HM psi s a significant increase in PCA, functioning like coagulation factor VII. These results support a role for Kupffer's cells in the initiation of microvascular thrombosis in endotoxemia. PMID- 6689876 TI - Role of oxygen radicals in endotoxin-induced lung injury. AB - We tested the hypothesis that the increased permeability in the pulmonary microcirculation seen with endotoxin is caused by the release of oxygen radicals from activated neutrophils. We first compared the pulmonary injury in sheep caused by low-dose endotoxin with that produced by phorbol myristate acetate, an agent that selectively causes the release of oxygen radicals from neutrophils. We then determined the degree of lung tissue lipid peroxidation, a reflection of direct oxygen radical damage after endotoxin and phorbol myristate acetate. Both agents produced a nearly identical increase in protein permeability; however, peroxidation was only evident with phorbol myristate acetate. Higher doses of endotoxin did result in increased lung peroxidation as well as a more severe physiologic injury. We can conclude that oxygen radical release, most likely from neutrophils, occurs with endotoxin. However, the permeability injury may not be the direct result of increased lipid peroxidation, as increased permeability can be seen without measurable increases in this parameter. PMID- 6689878 TI - CNS lymphomatous deposits. PMID- 6689877 TI - Sequential prospective analysis of the nonspecific host defense system after thermal injury. AB - The nonspecific host defense system of 66 patients with thermal injuries was studied prospectively. Our goal was to correlate the magnitude of injury with changes in host defenses and to determine if the responses of patients with and without sepsis were different. Eighteen patients experienced one or more septic episodes. Synchronous serial measurements of circulating fibronectin levels, neutrophil locomotive activity and phagocytosis, and intracellular killing in all patients showed that multiple components of the nonspecific host defense system were impaired after thermal injury. The depression of random migration and chemotaxis and the magnitude of the initial depression in serum fibronectin levels were related to the severity of injury but did not predict sepsis. Only a decrease in neutrophil bactericidal activity or a secondary depression in the serum fibronectin level was associated with the onset of sepsis. PMID- 6689879 TI - Reading epilepsy. PMID- 6689880 TI - Effect of clomiphene on EEG activity. PMID- 6689881 TI - Sympathetic response and brain death. PMID- 6689882 TI - Transdermal scopolamine and sialorrhea. PMID- 6689883 TI - Pontine ataxic hemiparesis. PMID- 6689884 TI - Intracranial hemorrhage in the term newborn. AB - Over a five-year period we identified 22 term newborns with intracranial hemorrhage by computed tomography in an intensive care unit for newborns. Primary subarachnoid hemorrhage (diffuse or focal) was the most common type of hemorrhage. Diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage was caused either by traumatic delivery or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and caused seizures on the first day. Focal subarachnoid hemorrhage was associated with cerebral infarction. Intraventricular hemorrhage was always accompanied by bloody CSF. Somewhat more than half the newborns with intraventricular hemorrhage had a history of traumatic delivery. In the remainder there were no associated risk factors for the hemorrhage. Hemorrhage into the cerebral hemispheres occurred without any identifiable risk factors. Hemorrhage into the cerebellum was associated with traumatic delivery. PMID- 6689885 TI - Dissociation of glucose and potassium arterial-venous differences across the forearm by acetazolamide. A possible relationship to acetazolamide's beneficial effect in hypokalemic periodic paralysis. AB - We studied the effect of acetazolamide on arterial-venous (A-V) glucose and potassium differences across the forearm following oral glucose loading in eight normal subjects. Administration of acetazolamide for 72 hours prior to glucose loading resulted in increased A-V glucose differences and decreased A-V potassium differences. Acetazolamide may, therefore, increase glucose uptake across muscle while decreasing potassium uptake following glucose ingestion. This glucose potassium dissociation observed in normal subjects may relate to acetazolamide's beneficial effect in hypokalemic periodic paralysis. PMID- 6689886 TI - Altered muscle saccharide pattern in X-linked muscular dystrophy. AB - Five lectins were used as fluorescence microscopic markers for sugar residues in skeletal muscle. Biopsy specimens were taken from patients with X-linked muscular dystrophy (Duchenne's and Becker's), patients with other neuromuscular diseases, and normal controls. In both the controls and the pathologic samples, concanavalin A gave a bright fluorescence of the myofiber surface, whereas soybean agglutinin and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin fluorescence was negative. Peanut agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin were more avidly bound to the sarcolemma and/or endomysial connective tissue in the patients with X-linked muscular dystrophy than in the controls or the patients with other conditions. The altered saccharide pattern may reflect either a myofiber membrane change or a specific mesenchymal reaction in the dystrophic muscle. PMID- 6689887 TI - Autonomic nervous system function in genetic neuromuscular disorders. Hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy and myotonic dystrophy. AB - Three quantitative measures of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function were evaluated in 12 patients with two types of autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder, type 1 hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy and myotonic dystrophy. The three measures were latency of the pupillary light reflex, dark-adapted pupil size during parasympathetic blockade, and ECG RR interval variation. The results showed deficits in sympathetic and/or parasympathetic nervous system function in several patients, with a variability of expression expected in autosomal dominant genetic diseases. The ANS function may commonly be deficient in both of these disorders. Further investigation is required to determine the potential clinical importance of these findings. PMID- 6689888 TI - Patterns of muscle fiber-type disproportion in hypotonic infants. AB - We studied the histochemical characteristics of muscle in five hypotonic infants. A number of different patterns of disproportion in the sizes and numbers of type 1 and type 2 fibers were found. In three cases, type 1 fibers were smaller than type 2 fibers and type 2b or 2c fibers were largest. In one case, type 2 fibers were smaller than type 1 fibers and were reduced in number, while in a case of Prader-Willi syndrome there was a preponderance of type 2 fibers that were smaller than type 1 fibers. Type 2c fibers were increased in number in all but one case. We postulate that these various patterns of fiber-type disproportion are the result of altered neural influences leading to impaired maturation of type 1 or type 2 motor units. PMID- 6689889 TI - Intracranial optic nerve infarction from subdural hematoma. Clinical and neuropathological findings. AB - A 60-year-old man fell; a subdural hematoma developed and he lost consciousness. Visual evoked potentials demonstrated a total conduction block in the left optic nerve and slowed conduction on stimulation of the right eye. He died four weeks later, and necropsy showed focal infarcts in the intracranial portion of both optic nerves. PMID- 6689890 TI - Oculosympathetic spasm with cervical spinal cord injury. AB - A 23-year-old man, involved in a motor-vehicle accident, became quadraparetic due to cervical spinal cord injury at the C-4 to C-6 level. Five months later he was noted to have bilateral, asymmetric pupillary mydriasis precipitated by elevation and stretch of an arm or leg. Pharmacologic pupillary testing and ciliospinal reflex responses suggested that the oculosympathetic pathways were intact. Computed tomographic myelography using metrizamide disclosed a posttraumatic syringomyelic cyst at C-4. This pupillary phenomenon has been termed oculosympathetic spasm, and we reviewed four previous reports. While the cause of oculosympathetic spasm remains speculative, it may represent a localized form of autonomic hyperreflexia. PMID- 6689891 TI - Recurrent thyrotoxicosis and papilledema in a patient with communicating hydrocephalus. AB - A patient with communicating hydrocephalus had recurrent papilledema during episodes of thyrotoxicosis. Increased intracranial pressure was documented and, as reflected by the severity of the papilledema, fluctuated in proportion to the thyroid hormone levels. PMID- 6689892 TI - Alpha-pattern coma in childhood and adolescence. AB - Two children showed evidence of alpha-pattern coma (APC). One case followed a phenobarbital sodium overdose with complete recovery. The second case occurred subsequent to cardiopulmonary arrest with unfavorable outcome. These cases and others that we reviewed emphasize that the prognosis of APC in children, as in adults, is variable and appears to be related to the cause. PMID- 6689893 TI - Familial startle disease (hyperexplexia). Electrophysiologic studies. AB - Six affected members from a family of 15 patients with familial startle disease (hyperexplexia) underwent extensive electrophysiologic evaluation. The most marked abnormality consisted of prominent C response 60 to 75 ms after median and peroneal nerve stimulation. The somatosensory evoked responses were also relatively high in amplitude. These findings suggest that hyperactive long-loop reflexes may constitute the physiologic basis of startle disease. PMID- 6689894 TI - The transient global amnesia-migraine connection. AB - Twelve patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) were studied. Seven (58%) of the 12 had a headache during their attack; five (42%) of the 12 were migraineurs. Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by the xenon Xe 133 inhalation method showed similar patterns of flow in five of the seven patients tested. The rCBF abnormalities were impaired vasomotor response in the watershed area between the middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery territories, and/or focal ischemia in the inferior part of the temporal lobe. These rCBF abnormalities differed from those seen in patients with carotid transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and vertebrobasilar TIAs. We speculate that the vasomotor phenomena in migraine may play a major role in the cause of TGA. PMID- 6689895 TI - Pursuit gaze and the occipitoparietal region. A case report. AB - A patient lost smooth pursuit gaze to the side opposite a right occipitoparietal hemorrhage. Saccadic gaze was preserved. Pursuit gaze broken by saccades was present toward the side of the lesion. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was defective when a tape was moved toward the patient from the hemianopic fields. Within two weeks, the contralateral pursuit gaze defect had cleared; however, the visual field and OKN defects and the ipsilateral pursuit gaze abnormality persisted. PMID- 6689896 TI - Right hemifield alexia without hemianopia. AB - We studied a 54-year-old man who suffered a stroke in the visual-association areas of the left hemisphere. He showed no right-sided visual field defect and results of a neuropsychologic examination were normal except for his performance in several tasks presented to the right visual field. Naming of drawings was normal in both hemifields but reading of letters, words, digits, and arithmetic symbols was defective in the right field. We believe that the lesion in the visual association areas of the left hemisphere that did not interrupt interhemispheric connections disconnected the primary visual areas from temporoparietal areas of the left hemisphere, affecting reading. PMID- 6689897 TI - Transient oculomotor synkinesis in temporal arteritis. AB - In a patient with temporal arteritis, ophthalmoplegia developed associated with a transient oculomotor synkinesis or aberrant regeneration. The synkinesis suggests that the ophthalmoplegia was neurogenic rather than myogenic. Based on published experiments, it appears that transient synkinesis is compatible with the hypothesis that aberrant regeneration of axons in the third nerve is the cause of oculomotor synkinesis. PMID- 6689898 TI - Chewing oscillopsia. A case of voluntary visual illusions of movement. AB - A 60-year-old man had a history of frontal headaches and chewing-related oscillopsia. Examination disclosed a retro-orbital epidermoid cyst that had eroded through the lateral orbital wall and under the temporalis muscle. The illusion of movement was due to mechanical displacement of the tumor mass and eye by contraction of the temporalis muscle. Removal of the cyst produced complete remission of the oscillopsia. PMID- 6689899 TI - Eustachian tube closing failure. Occurrence in patients with cleft palate and middle ear disease. AB - Previous studies in patients with middle ear disease have shown that high negative pressure is frequently induced actively in the middle ear cavity by sniffing. The present study concerns 84 ears in 42 patients with cleft palate and middle ear disease. Sniff-induced evacuation of the middle ear was studied by direct pressure recording or tympanometry. Sixty-one percent of diseased ears showed tubal closing failure; 18% had constantly or intermittently wide-open tubes. In most cases, negative intratympanic pressure was not equalized on swallowing. It is suggested that eustachian tube malfunction in patients with cleft palate is constituted by the combination of closing failure with evacuation of the middle ear on sniffing, and by a secondary opening failure with inability to equalize the sniff-induced negative intratympanic pressure. PMID- 6689900 TI - The human round window membrane. An electron microscopic study. AB - The normal adult human round window membrane was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The membrane consists of the following three layers: (1) an outer squamous epithelial layer with an underlying basement membrane; (2) a middle fibrous layer containing collagen, elastin, fibrocytes, vessels, and nerves; and (3) an inner layer of mesothelial cells. Mucosal membrane veils that cover the round window membrane, forming "false" round window membranes, are also described. These membranes are also three layered, including (1) an outer epithelial layer with an underlying basement membrane, (2) a middle fibrous layer containing collagen, elastin, fibrocytes, vessels, and nerves, and (3) an inner epithelial layer with an underlying basement membrane. Ultrastructural differences between these two structures are discussed. PMID- 6689901 TI - Effect of ketamine on the stapedius reflex in the squirrel monkey. AB - We evaluated the effect of ketamine hydrochloride on the acoustically elicited stapedius reflex of squirrel monkeys. After intramuscular injection, in the presence of normal tympanometry, the amplitude of the contralateral stapedius reflex was severely depressed, even at low, preanesthetic dose levels. Possible mechanisms for the mediation of this unexpected effect are discussed. PMID- 6689902 TI - The nose, minor salivary glands, and sarcoidosis. AB - Fifty-nine patients referred to the ear, nose, and throat clinic for random minor salivary gland (MSG) biopsy were studied. After a careful head and neck examination, a random MSG biopsy and a random inferior turbinate or specific nasal lesion biopsy was done. Of 30 patients with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL), 12 of 26 who were thought to have sarcoidosis had abnormal findings on MSG biopsy. Of 29 patients without BHL, none of the six who were later believed to have sarcoidosis had abnormal findings on MSG biopsy. The other 23 patients without BHL and who later were believed findings on MSG biopsy. A careful history, physical examination, and chest roentgenogram should precede referral for random MSG biopsy. Patients without BHL and without other evidence for systemic sarcoidosis do not benefit from random MSG biopsies. This is especially true because of the relative nonspecificity of the finding of a noncaseating granuloma. PMID- 6689903 TI - Analysis of eustachian surfactant and its function as a release agent. AB - Thin-layer chromatography has been used to confirm the presence of phospholipids in the eustachian tubes of dogs and rabbits, analysis showing less phosphatidylcholine but more phosphatidylethanolamine than in pulmonary surfactant. Extracts were surface active not only in reducing surface tension at liquid-air interfaces but in adsorption to hydrophilic solids (glass) to render them hydrophobic. According to a standard test of solid-to-solid adhesiveness, these adsorbed monolayers were found to reduce, by up to 94%, the force of adhesion between surfaces glued by albumin identified in the washings and present in middle-ear effusions. This capability of eustachian surfactant to act as a true release agent is discussed for its possible role in the cause of serous otitis, leading to the concept of an adverse protein-surfactant (adhesion:release) ratio. PMID- 6689904 TI - A survey of the complications of laser laryngoscopy. AB - The laser has become a significant addition to the laryngologist's surgical armamentarium. A mail survey was undertaken to place difficulties with the use of the laser in perspective. A 91.7% response rate was obtained from 229 individuals. At least 81 complications were documented by 23.3% of the total number of physicians responding (32.2% of those physicians using the laser). The most frequent complication was endotracheal explosion, with facial burns the next most common untoward occurrence. Five cases of pneumothorax and two of subcutaneous emphysema were also reported. These and other complications are tabulated and discussed. PMID- 6689905 TI - The deltopectoral flap v the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. Which one? AB - During the past 2 1/2 years, we have used 21 deltopectoral (DP) and 25 pectoralis major myocutaneous (PM) flaps of which 25 were applied to oral and pharyngeal defects. The concurrent use of both flaps has enabled elucidation of some specific and relative advantages and disadvantages. The following five situations have been identified in which we believe the PM flap is clearly superior: (1) lateral mandibular composite resection defects; (2) large anterior segmental defects; (3) reconstitution of tongue and base of tongue; (4) radionecrosis; and (5) through-and-through defects of skin and oral cavity. The DP flap appears to hold an advantage in the repair of the following defects: (1) limited anterior mandibular loss; (2) posterior and lateral pharyngeal loss; (3) complex resections involving the palate; and (4) cervicofacial skin. The unique advantages of each flap must be weighed against certain disadvantages. Application to each reconstructive problem should be individualized. Proficiency with both flaps enhances the surgeon's ability to deal with major ablative procedures. PMID- 6689906 TI - Experimental analysis of the adjunctive Z-plasty in the closure of fusiform defects. AB - Facial defects too large for primary closure can sometimes be repaired with the addition of a unilateral or bilateral adjunctive Z-plasty. In this study, the mechanics of the adjunctive Z-plasty are examined experimentally. In vivo experiments using piglets show that closure tension is decreased 30% by each Z plasty. The true lengthening of the Z when transposed is 80% of that theoretically predicted. The deformation caused by fusiform excision and closure with and without undermining and with one or two Z-plasties is evaluated. In general, the Z-plasty exchanges deformation perpendicular to the long axis of excision for deformation parallel to that axis. A clinical case using the adjunctive Z-plasty for the repair of a large chin defect is reported. PMID- 6689907 TI - Major salivary gland carcinoma. Descriptive epidemiology and survival of 498 patients. AB - A retrospective chart review study was conducted on 498 patients with histopathologically confirmed carcinoma of the major salivary glands to ascertain the potential risk factors and to abstract the clinicopathologic and survival data. The distribution of histologic classification varied by race, sex, and history of benign salivary gland lesion (37 patients). Of the 57 patients who had a history of radiation exposure, 49 patients had been irradiated in a field encompassing the salivary gland area. Sixty-six patients had had a prior primary cancer. Of 43 instances of previous skin cancer, 37 occurred in male patients. The rationale for a possible relationship between cutaneous neoplasms and salivary carcinoma is explained embryologically and histogenetically. Tumor histology, anatomic site, race, and sex were important predictors of survival. PMID- 6689908 TI - Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (malignant lymphoepithelial lesion) of the salivary glands. AB - Lymphoepithelial carcinoma is a rare tumor of the salivary gland of exceptionally high incidence among Eskimo. Three of our patients (one Hispanic, one Filipino, and one American white) had this neoplasm in the parotid gland. Electron microscopic examination of one of these tumors confirmed the squamous epithelial origin of the lesion. These three new cases bring the total number of cases reported thus far to 29. Some clinical features and treatment are briefly reviewed. PMID- 6689909 TI - Hearing loss in the cervico-oculo-acoustic (Wildervanck) syndrome. AB - A 22-year-old woman with mixed hearing loss, Klippel-Feil anomalad (fused cervical vertebrae), and bilateral abducens palsy with retracted bulb (Duane's syndrome) is classified as having the cervico-oculo-acoustic syndrome or Wildervanck syndrome. In this syndrome, the unilateral or bilateral congenital hearing loss is usually severe and of neurosensory origin. To our knowledge, this is the third case of this syndrome with the classical triad and a mixed hearing loss. It is the second case in which an exploratory tympanotomy was performed. An ankylosis of the stapes was found. Stapedectomy and Teflon interposition were successfully carried out. Since the triad of the cervico-oculo-acoustic syndrome can be incomplete, a review of the association of Klippel-Feil anomalad and hearing loss is also presented, with special attention to the anomalies of the ossicular chain. PMID- 6689910 TI - Atypical carcinoid tumor of the larynx. A light microscopic and ultrastructural study. AB - A 68-year-old man had an 11-year history of a recurring carcinoid tumor of the larynx. In six additional examples of this uncommon neoplasm, cervical lymph node metastases were present in four patients and osseous involvement developed in another. Two patients died of their disease, one died without evidence of neoplasm, and four were living and clinically free of tumor at last follow-up. Laryngeal carcinoids are often atypical histologically and may be misdiagnosed as undifferentiated carcinoma, prompting inappropriate radiation therapy for a radiation-resistant neoplasm. Histologic features suggestive of carcinoid include a nesting or trabecular growth pattern and prominent perineural invasion. Argyrophil stains were positive in four of five cases. Ultrastructurally, these neoplasms have abundant dense core granules. PMID- 6689911 TI - Foley catheter technique. PMID- 6689913 TI - Pathologic quiz case 2. Oncocytoma of the submandibular gland. PMID- 6689912 TI - Pathologic quiz case 1. Toxoplasma lymphadenitis. PMID- 6689914 TI - Environmental hazard: gross anatomy. PMID- 6689915 TI - HDL cholesterol in familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 6689916 TI - Ventricular tachycardia of left bundle branch block configuration in patients with isolated right ventricular dilatation. Clinical and electrophysiological features. AB - Electrophysiological studies showed ventricular tachycardia in five patients (four male, one female) with isolated right ventricular dilatation. All had been asymptomatic before the onset of palpitation which had developed in adolescence or early adult life. Tachycardia had been associated with syncope in four patients, and three had been resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation before investigation. The electrocardiogram during ventricular tachycardia showed a left bundle branch block pattern, and endocardial mapping at electrophysiological study confirmed the right ventricular origin. The presenting tachycardia could be induced in all patients by programmed stimulation, and in three patients ventricular tachycardia of differing configuration could be induced, but the right ventricular origin and left bundle branch block pattern were maintained. In two patients ventricular tachycardia degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. Cineangiography, cross sectional echocardiography, and multigated radionuclide angiography confirmed the dilated abnormal right ventricle while indicating that left ventricular function was normal. On resting electrocardiograms T wave inversion over the right precordial leads was the sole abnormality. There were no signs of right heart failure and exercise tolerance was normal. Four patients have received maintenance treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs, and one had undergone operative mapping and ablative surgery. Thus ventricular tachycardia complicating right ventricular dilatation may be associated with serious symptoms and ventricular electrical instability; and in adults it may be suspected on clinical grounds by inverted T waves in the right precordial leads. PMID- 6689917 TI - Right ventricular dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - Fourteen patients with predominantly right sided dilated cardiomyopathy were studied, of whom five died suddenly. The condition is characterised by male preponderance, syncope, ventricular tachycardia, which typically has a left bundle branch block pattern on the surface electrocardiogram, and right heart failure. The diagnosis should be considered in patients presenting with otherwise unexplained ventricular tachycardia or syncope; the diagnosis may be readily missed because of the nonspecific nature or absence of signs. PMID- 6689918 TI - Acute myocarditis. Role of histological and virological examination in the diagnosis and assessment of immunosuppressive treatment. AB - Twelve patients, who presented with congestive cardiac failure after a recent influenza like illness, had a clinical diagnosis of acute myocarditis confirmed histologically after endomyocardial biopsy. Eight were under 30 years of age. Serological testing suggested a viral aetiology in six patients. Nine patients were treated with immunosuppressive drugs (prednisolone and azathioprine in seven, prednisolone alone in two). At two months, seven patients showed clinical and haemodynamic improvement (ejection fraction rose from 26.8 to 49% and left ventricular end diastolic pressure fell from 26.4 to 16.2 mm Hg) with biopsy evidence of healed myocarditis. In two, activity persisted. At six months' follow up only four of these patients had maintained their improvement. One patient relapsed after stopping treatment, subsequently improving on its reinstatement. Two patients developed severe interstitial myocardial fibrosis with gradual deterioration. Virology and myocardial histology were complementary in the diagnosis of acute myocarditis in these young patients, whose response to immunosuppressive treatment was variable. An apparent early response could not be clearly separated from variables in the natural history of the condition. Serial endomyocardial biopsies showed a progression to congestive cardiomyopathy in two patients. Multicentre controlled trials will be necessary to assess fully the role of immunosuppressive treatment in this condition. PMID- 6689919 TI - Comparison of echocardiography and angiography in determining the cause of severe aortic regurgitation. AB - To assess the accuracy of echocardiography in determining the cause of aortic regurgitation M mode and cross sectional echocardiography were compared with angiography in 43 patients with predominant aortic regurgitation. Each patient had all three investigations performed during the same admission to hospital. In each instance, the cause of aortic regurgitation was confirmed at surgery or necropsy. Seventeen patients had rheumatic aortic valve disease, 13 bacterial endocarditis with a perforated or partially destroyed cusp, five a bicuspid aortic valve (four with a history of endocarditis), and eight aortic regurgitation secondary to aortic root dilatation or aneurysm. Overall sensitivity of echocardiography and aortography was 84% in determining the cause of aortic regurgitation. Thus, rheumatic valve disease and endocarditis appear to be the most common causes of severe aortic regurgitation in this hospital based population. Furthermore, echocardiography is a sensitive non-invasive technique for determining the cause of aortic regurgitation and allows differentiation of valvular from root causes of aortic regurgitation. PMID- 6689921 TI - Determination of cardiac output by Doppler echocardiography. AB - Cardiac output determined by Doppler echocardiography was compared with that determined by thermodilution at rest and during dobutamine infusion in 10 patients (group A) and by the Fick method at rest in 11 patients (group B). All patients had angina pectoris without valvular heart disease. Maximum spatial blood velocity and cross sectional aortic area were estimated by the Doppler technique and echocardiography. Cardiac output was calculated by multiplying blood velocity by aortic area at various levels in the ascending aorta. The best correlation of cardiac output between the invasive and non-invasive methods was obtained when maximum velocity in the aortic root and the aortic orifice area were used in the calculations. Cardiac output was considerably overestimated when area measurements in the aortic root were used. PMID- 6689920 TI - Relation between regional echo intensity and myocardial connective tissue in chronic left ventricular disease. AB - Cross sectional echocardiograms were recorded within one week of death in seven patients with valvular heart disease, four with coronary artery disease, and nine with congenital heart disease. Regional echo amplitude was measured from the cross sectional display by constructing histograms of pixel intensity. Parietal pericardium was used as an internal standard for setting the gain of the instrument. At necropsy myocardium was taken from the free wall of the left ventricle, the papillary muscles, and the septum. Fibrosis was assessed histologically and biochemically as hydroxyproline content. In individual samples histological and biochemical estimates were correlated. In all regions other than the septum in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, log [collagen] correlated with median pixel intensity. The amplitude of reflected echoes from the hypertrophied septum was significantly higher than that from other samples but was similarly correlated with collagen content. Agreement between echo amplitude and histological grade was significantly less good. Thus in chronic left ventricular disease myocardial collagen content appears to be the major determinant of regional echo intensity. Reproducibility of measurements and more rigorous definition of tissue abnormalities will, however, require further study. PMID- 6689922 TI - Doppler echocardiography in the study of patients with mitral disc valve prostheses. AB - A combination of M mode and Doppler echocardiography was used to study patients with mitral disc valve prostheses. The probe used in these investigations consisted of a circular Doppler crystal mounted around the M mode crystal in the same plane. Because of the strong echoes produced by the prosthesis the transducer (probe) could be angled for optimum Doppler signals without losing the M mode echocardiographic recording of the prosthesis. With this equipment mean and maximum blood velocities and Doppler amplitude signals could be measured simultaneously with M mode echocardiography. A depth indication line in the M mode recording ensured that the Doppler signal was recorded in the region of interest. The Doppler ultrasound technique was also used separately in both the pulsed wave and the continuous wave mode. The data show the usefulness of this technique in patients with normally functioning valve prostheses and in three patients with valve malfunction due to thrombus formation. The data in the latter three cases seem to indicate that the Doppler technique provides valuable information in addition to that obtained by M mode echocardiography in recognising mitral valve prosthetic malfunction. PMID- 6689923 TI - Respiration as a reliable physiological sensor for controlling cardiac pacing rate. AB - A study was carried out to determine whether variations in the respiration rate during physical exercise could be used as a physiological variable in controlling the rate of an implanted pacemaker. The relation between respiration rate and heart rate was significantly correlated in 73 patients (19 with normal lung function, four with restrictive pulmonary disease, and 50 with obstructive airways disease) during repeated calibrated ergometric tests; no significant differences were found between the subgroups. An external computerised programmable system with algorithm control activated by a radio frequency system was used to vary the cardiac stimulation rate in relation to respiration rate in 11 patients implanted with ventricular inhibited pacemakers. In addition, a prototype programmable pacemaker dependent on respiration rate was implanted in two patients. Maximum values of oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, and work time were increased during the exercise stress tests when the variable cardiac pacing rate was used. Thus respiration rate appears to be a valid and stable physiological variable for controlling the cardiac stimulation rate in order to improve cardiac output in patients dependent on pacemakers. PMID- 6689924 TI - Left ventricular wall motion in patients with Chagas's disease. AB - The effect of early chronic Chagas's disease on the timing and extent of regional left ventricular wall motion was studied with a frame by frame analysis of left ventriculograms in nine patients and compared with those in 19 normal subjects. In all the patients there was hypokinesis or akinesis in the anteroapical region together with delay in the onset of inward movement. Hypokinesis of the proximal inferior segment was also present, but the time of onset of inward motion here was normal. These differences can be explained on the basis of regional asynchrony within the normal left ventricle, where anteroapical wall motion is delayed with respect to that elsewhere. Thus contraction of the diseased anteroapical segment starts against an appreciable pressure and so may be isometric, whereas the affected proximal inferior segment starts contracting earlier against a lower pressure and so is able to shorten. No abnormalities of wall motion were seen during isovolumic relaxation despite segmental involvement, which is a distinctly different finding from that in patients with coronary artery disease. This may be due partly to the absence of incoordinate relaxation in Chagas's disease and partly to myocardial involvement by Chagas's disease in the mid-anterior segment. This is the site of rapid early diastolic wall thinning, which has been put forward as a major mechanism of normal rapid ventricular filling and whose premature activity causes disturbances in regional wall motion before mitral valve opening when relaxation is incoordinate. Thus quantitative analysis of both the timing and amplitude of wall motion indicates fundamental differences between Chagas's disease and coronary artery disease, when a less complex analysis would have shown a similar pattern of segmental dysfunction in both. Since the effect of the same pathological process on wall motion varies with the site of ventricular involvement, the importance of the disturbances seen in Chagas's disease becomes apparent only when the non uniformity of normal left ventricular structure and function is taken into account. PMID- 6689925 TI - Electrocardiographic changes after myocardial infarction as indicators of deranged regional left ventricular wall motion. A serial M mode echocardiographic mapping study. AB - Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings were compared in 44 patients with a first transmural infarction. Each patient was investigated on days 1, 2, 10, and 360. The electrocardiogram was classified according to QRS and ST segment changes. Local left ventricular function was determined from mean systolic wall velocity measurements by an M mode echocardiographic mapping technique in 10 of 16 segments suitable also for electrocardiographic evaluation. Mean systolic wall velocity was corrected for differences in anterior and inferior wall motion. Wall motion was normal in segments without QRS or ST changes throughout the study. All segments with QRS or ST changes showed significantly lower corrected systolic wall velocity values during the acute stage. Segments with ST depression, alone or in combination with a minor Q wave, had corrected mean systolic wall velocity values similar to those of normal segments after one year. Segments with major Q waves and all segments with ST elevation showed reduced corrected mean systolic wall velocity values throughout the study. Segments with ST elevation, irrespective of Q waves, showed the most severely reduced wall motion with significantly lower corrected mean values than segments with minor or major Q waves without ST elevation on days 10 and 360. Thus when electrocardiograms are used for defining local left ventricular function, consideration must be given to the phase of illness, QRS morphology, and presence of ST segment elevation. PMID- 6689927 TI - Myocardial rupture after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6689926 TI - Coronary artery aneurysms and Kawasaki's disease in an adult. AB - A 28 year old man had an acute myocardial infarction and was found to have coronary artery aneurysms. These may have been caused by a previous episode of Kawasaki's disease, an entity that should be considered in adults presenting with proximal discrete coronary artery aneurysms. PMID- 6689928 TI - Postmyocardial infarction syndrome. PMID- 6689929 TI - Comparison of retinal and cerebral vasculature in trypsin digest preparations. AB - The trypsin digestion technique for preparing flat mounts of the retinal capillary system was modified for comparable mounts of the cerebrocortical capillaries. These preparations, supplemented by electron microscopy, showed a basic similarity between the 2 systems, but the cortical capillaries have larger diameters, more abundant collateral channels, and less regularly spaced mural cells (intramural pericytes). The cortical capillaries did not show the right angle branching of the precapillary arteriole characteristic of some retinal vessels, but they did show in the crotches of the branches an excess basement membrane that was not present in the retinal capillaries. PMID- 6689930 TI - Incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome) and retinal changes. AB - Incontinentia pigmenti is associated with various anomalies in 80% of cases. Among the most important are the ocular abnormalities and more particularly a retrolental mass with detachment of a dysplastic retina. At the basis of this manifestation are retinal vascular changes, characterised at first by ectatic tortuous veins and arteriovenous anastomoses as well as by aneurysmal-like dilatations. PMID- 6689931 TI - Autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy (ADVIRC). AB - We report the second family recognised to have autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy. The clinical features were (1) autosomal dominant inheritance; (2) peripheral, coarse pigmentary degeneration of the fundus for 360 degrees, with a relatively discrete posterior border in the equatorial region (this finding may be pathognomonic); (3) superficial punctate yellowish-white opacities in the retina; (4) various vascular abnormalities; (5) breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier; (6) retinal neovascularisation; (7) vitreous abnormalities; and (8) choroidal atrophy. Visual reduction was mainly due to macular oedema or vitreous haemorrhage. PMID- 6689932 TI - Intraocular pressure in retinal vein occlusion. AB - The intraocular pressure of 59 patients with retinal vein occlusion was studied. Central retinal vein occlusion (CVO) was diagnosed in 24 patients and branch retinal vein occlusion (BVO) was diagnosed in the rest. The intraocular pressure of a sex and age matched group of controls was also studied for comparison. The intraocular pressure in the CVO group were significantly different from those of the matched controls (p less than 0.001). A statistically significant difference of a lesser degree (p less than 0.05) was also found in a comparison of the intraocular pressures of the BVO group with those of their sex and age matched group of controls. These findings may indicate the possible role of increased intraocular pressure in the pathogenesis of CVO and BVO. PMID- 6689933 TI - Biometric studies of the eyeball and retinal detachment. AB - The relationship between axial length and equatorial diameter and eye volume has been studied in 4 groups of eyes: intact emmetropic eyes, emmetropic eyes with retinal detachment, eyes with moderate myopia and retinal detachment, and eyes with high myopia and retinal detachment. It was found that eyes with detached retinas, regardless of whether they are myopic or emmetropic, are of significantly different dimensions from emmetropic control eyes. There is usually a significant increase in equatorial diameter and therefore in equatorial circumference. The results indicate that eyes with detached retinas differ from normal eyes in their abnormally large size. PMID- 6689934 TI - Fundus changes in persistent and recurrent choroidal folds. AB - Linear bead-like pigmentation in choroidal folds and diffuse nonspecific retinal pigment epithelial proliferation are seen in long-study choroidal folds. In addition there may be linear streaks of scleral staining. PMID- 6689935 TI - Experimental carotid occlusion: funduscopic and fluorescein angiographic findings. AB - A characteristic fundus picture was consistently produced following acute bilateral common carotid artery ligation in mature rats, reminiscent of human carotid occlusive disease. Two days after ligation it consisted of dilatation and tortuosity of retinal veins, blurring and swelling of the optic disc, retinal whitening primarily along the venous distribution, and straightening of retinal arteries. Fluorescein angiography showed hyperfluorescence of the disc, delay in the rate of retinal arterial and venous filling, venous dilatation, disc oedema, disruption of the retinal capillary bed pattern, and late peripapillary staining/leakage. This pattern was not seen in rats which underwent acute unilateral ligation, although some mild changes were seen on fluorescein angiography. The vascular alterations seemed to regress spontaneously within one week. A peripapillary 'halo' and a granular-appearing nerve fibre layer developed later, exclusively in bilaterally ligated animals. PMID- 6689936 TI - Injection-site lamp for fluorescein angiography. PMID- 6689937 TI - Contrast sensitivity testing. PMID- 6689938 TI - The effect of meal-feeding and food restriction on body composition, food utilization and intestinal adaptation in light-breed chicks. AB - The effects of feeding meals, in amounts equivalent to ad lib, intake or to 75% and 50% restriction by intubation, were studied in chicks. Growth estimated by body-weight gain and shank length was improved by tube feeding in the 50% restricted chicks. Tube feeding increased energy retention at all feeding levels and nitrogen retention in the restricted chicks only. Body fat was increased in the full-fed chicks by intubation and decreased in the 50%-restricted chicks only. Crop and gizzard weights were increased by food restriction and by intubation. Tube-feeding increased the weight of the small intestine at all feeding levels. The activities of the digestive enzymes were lower in the pancreas and higher in the small intestine of the tube-fed chicks than in the voluntarily-fed ones at all feeding levels. It is suggested that synthesis, secretion and stability of the different pancreatic enzymes could be affected diversely by feeding regimens. PMID- 6689939 TI - The simultaneous estimation of the amounts of protozoal, bacterial and dietary nitrogen entering the duodenum of steers. AB - Four steers were given straw and tapioca diets, twice daily, in a 4 X 4 Latin square design. These diets, containing 4.2 g nitrogen/kg dry matter (DM), were further supplemented with either urea, decorticated groundnut meal (DCGM), untreated (UT) casein or formaldehyde-treated (FT) casein to give a total of 19.7 g N/kg DM and 10.5 MJ/kg DM daily. Concurrent samples of rumen bacteria and protozoa and abomasal digesta were collected for each period of the experiment and the concentrations of 2-aminoethyl phosphonic acid (AEPA), diaminopimelic acid (DAPA), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), amino acids and hexosamines were determined in the dried preparations. The nature of the dietary supplements had little effect on the concentrations of most of these constituents or on the total protozoal numbers. Abomasal digesta samples marked with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chromic oxide for flow estimation were collected over 24 h, and the proportions of protozoal-N, bacterial-N and microbial-N estimated simultaneously using the markers AEPA, DAPA and RNA respectively. These digesta-N components were also estimated using an amino acid profiling (AAP) method which gave, in addition, estimates of the dietary and endogenous components. For the diets containing casein, the proportion of dietary casein was estimated directly using casein-P as a marker. Estimates of the respective mean proportions of microbial-N in abomasal digesta non-ammonia-N (NAN) for the diets containing urea, DCGM, UT casein or FT casein were: AEPA 0.56, 0.32, 0.27 and 0.16; DAPA 0.88, 0.70, 0.81 and 0.57; RNA 0.98, 0.85, 0.92 and 0.53. Giving FT casein significantly (P less than 0.001) increased the flow of casein-N at the abomasum and a significantly (P less than 0.001) greater proportion of casein-N was found in abomasal NAN (0.51 v. 0.09) where FT rather than UT casein was given. The AAP method gave results for the proportions of microbial- and dietary N (where casein was given) which were, in general, slightly lower than those obtained using RNA and casein-P as markers. Agreement with estimates of bacterial protein (from DAPA) and of protozoal protein (from AEPA) was less satisfactory. Comparisons of the various estimates of the proportions of microbial-N in abomasal digesta suggested that the results obtained for protozoal-N by AEPA were overestimates. AEPA was found in mixed rumen bacteria which may have accounted in part for these overestimates. However, AEPA was not detected in any of the dietary ingredients. PMID- 6689940 TI - Studies on the protein requirements of growing cattle. Effects of differing intakes of protein and energy on growth and nitrogen metabolism in young entire males. AB - Forty-eight Friesian entire male cattle, with an initial live weight (LW) of 135 kg, were used in two experiments to measure the response to increasing levels of dietary protein (9-11 and 7.5-10.5 g nitrogen X 6.25/kg LW0.75) at differing energy levels (800-900 kJ metabolizable energy (ME) kg LW0.75) over 120-d periods. Digestibility and N balance measurements were also made during the experiments. The diets, which were based on barley and soya-bean meal, were individually fed twice daily. In a third experiment, similar diets were given to four similar animals fitted with intestinal cannulas, at constant energy intake but with variations in dietary protein of 7.5-13.5 g N X 6.25/kg LW0.75. Chromic oxide paper was used as a digesta marker. Positive responses in LW gain and N balance to additional protein were found in both experiments but these were significant (P less than 0.05) only in the second experiment and were associated with significant (P less than 0.01) increases in the digestibility of modified acid-detergent fibre and ME intake. Mean values, which were not significantly different between treatments, for the degradability of dietary protein in the rumen and the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were 0.57 and 31.3 g/kg organic matter apparently digested in the rumen respectively. Corresponding values obtained by regression analysis were 0.56 and 28.2. The results in general support the Agricultural Research Council (1980) proposals and suggest that undegraded dietary protein was not limiting in these experiments but that rumen degradable protein levels were limiting on some treatments. Regression analysis indicated that the mean response to additional protein (g LW gain/g N X 6.25) per kg LW was 0.52 in Expt 1 and 0.51 in Expt 2. These responses could be largely explained by increases in ME intakes. Measurements of duodenal amino acid flow showed marked increases in essential amino acids (EAA) across the rumen. However, EAA flows, were not significantly increased at higher N intakes suggesting that protein per se was not limiting in these experiments. PMID- 6689941 TI - The energy equivalents of ATP and the energy values of food proteins and fats. AB - Heats of combustion and energy equivalents of cytoplasmic ATP have been estimated for glucose, 101 food proteins and 116 food fats based on amino acid and fatty acid composition data from food composition tables and the heats of combustion and energy equivalents of cytoplasmic ATP of each individual amino acid, fatty acid, glycerol and glucose. The isodynamic equivalents of carbohydrate, fat and protein at the biochemical level have been investigated. Heats of combustion of food proteins and fats derived from compositional data were within 1% of published values obtained by calorimetry. Cytoplasmic ATP equivalents for glucose, fat and protein range from 9.0 to 14.7, 8.6 to 14.6 and 6.4 to 13.2 mol cytoplasmic ATP/MJ of metabolizable energy respectively, depending on the choice of mitochondrial proton stoichiometries for these estimations. The range is extended further when considering the level and type of mitochondrial 'uncoupling'. Isobioenergetic relationships between the efficiencies of glucose (G) and fat (F) (F = 1.05 G - 0.9) and glucose and protein (P) (P = G(1.02 - 0.19 f) - (1.8 + 0.5 f] energy conversions (where f is the fraction of protein oxidized via gluconeogenesis) were obtained and were essentially independent of the choice of mitochondrial proton stoichiometry and the level and type of uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Potential errors in previous estimates of ATP yield from protein are shown to be as much as -17.6 to greater than 118%; accounting for the efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation narrows this to between -7.9 and 17.4% and accounting for the fraction of protein oxidized via gluconeogenesis limits this further to between -7.9 and 11.1%. Remaining uncertainty is attributed mostly to lack of knowledge about the energy cost of substrate absorption from the gut and transport across cell membranes. Coefficients of variation (cv) in the cytoplasmic ATP yield/g protein and /g protein nitrogen for the 101 food proteins were large (0.033 and 0.058 respectively). This is attributed mostly to variation in the metabolizable heats of combustion (cv 0.033 and 0.053 respectively) and to a much smaller extent in the efficiency with which cytoplasmic ATP equivalents are generated/MJ of metabolizable energy (cv 0.01). It is concluded that the current understanding of biochemical energy transduction is sufficient to permit only a crude estimate of the energy equivalents of cytoplasmic ATP but that these equivalents vary by less than 5% between both different food proteins and different food fats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6689942 TI - Reduction in the antigenicity of whey proteins by heat treatment: a possible strategy for producing a hypoallergenic infant milk formula. AB - Residual antigenic protein in heat-denatured cow's milk whey and in two commercial infant milk formulas was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays specific for beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, bovine serum albumin, bovine IgG1 and alpha-casein. This immunochemical assessment of antigenicity was related to the capacity of the preparations to sensitize immunologically when fed to guinea-pigs for 2 weeks. Antibody production was measured and the susceptibility of the animals to systemic anaphylaxis was assessed by injecting them intravenously with heated or unheated milk proteins. Whey protein that had been heated at 100 degrees or 115 degrees for 30 min was extensively denatured and, in contrast to pasteurized whey, failed to sensitize guinea-pigs for anaphylaxis. Antibody production was undetected or very low. The proteins in SMA powder and SMA Gold Cap liquid concentrate were less denatured and animals given these formulas prepared according to the maker's instructions produced relatively high levels of antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-casein and a majority developed anaphylaxis when injected intravenously with these products. As well as failing to sensitize, whey that had received severe heat treatment did not, in most cases, elicit anaphylaxis when injected into animals that had been sensitized with unheated milk. Discrimination between antibodies of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses specific for beta-lactoglobulin showed that IgG1, the principal anaphylactic antibody in guinea-pigs, was preferentially depressed in animals drinking heat-denatured milk preparations. The results suggest that heat denaturation of whey protein may be a logical and simple strategy for producing a hypoallergenic baby milk. Nevertheless, the value of experiments in guinea-pigs for predicting results in man is uncertain and the proposal awaits assessment in clinical trials. PMID- 6689943 TI - Maternal adipose tissue response to nicotine administration in the pregnant rat: effects on fetal body fat and cellularity. AB - Nicotine has been implicated as a causative factor in the intrauterine growth retardation associated with smoking in pregnancy. A study was set up to ascertain the effect of nicotine on fetal growth and whether this could be related to the actions of this drug on maternal adipose tissue metabolism. Sprague-Dawley rats were mated and assigned to control and nicotine groups, the latter receiving nicotine in the drinking-water throughout pregnancy. Animals were weighed at regular intervals and killed on day 20 of pregnancy. Rates of maternal adipose tissue lipolysis and lipogenesis were measured. Fetal and placental weights were recorded and analysis of fetal body water, fat, protein and DNA carried out. Weight gains of mothers in the nicotine group were less in the 1st and 2nd weeks of pregnancy, but similar to controls in the 3rd week. Fetal body-weights, DNA, protein and percentage water contents were similar in both groups. Mean fetal body fat (g/kg) was significantly higher in the nicotine group (96.2 (SE 5.1] compared with controls (72.0 (SE 2.9]. Rates of maternal lipolysis were also higher in the nicotine group. The cause of these differences and their effects on maternal and fetal well-being is discussed. PMID- 6689944 TI - The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen and the degradability of feed nitrogen between the mouth and abomasum in steers given different diets. AB - Protozoa-free steers with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given basal diets consisting of a concentrate mixture of flaked maize and tapioca with barley straw (BS) or alkali-treated barley straw (BSA). Other diets were supplemented with urea (BSU and BSAU respectively) or with fish meal replacing the tapioca (BSF and BSAF respectively). The diets were isoenergetic and calculated to provide sufficient metabolizable energy (ME) to support a growth rate of 0.5 kg/d. Rumen-degradable nitrogen (RDN):ME values (g/MJ) were estimated to be 0.50, 1.20 and 0.80 for the basal diet, urea- and fish-meal-supplemented diets respectively. RNA and alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) were used as microbial markers. 103Ruthenium and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were given as flow markers and flows (g/24 h) at the abomasum of organic matter (OM) and nitrogenous constituents were calculated. Samples of mixed bacteria separated from rumen digesta from animals receiving N-supplemented diets contained significantly more N than those from animals receiving basal diets (approximately 74 and 62 mg/g dry matter (DM) respectively) but there were no other significant differences in total-N contents between treatments. RNA-N:total-N values were similar for all diets (approximately 0.13). DAP-N:total-N values were significantly lower in bacteria from animals receiving alkali-treated (AT) rather than untreated (UT) straw (approximately 0.008 and 0.011 respectively). The proportion of OM intake digested in the rumen (ADOM) was significantly higher for animals receiving AT straw rather than UT straw (approximately 0.54 and 0.43 respectively). N supplementation had no effect on OM digestibility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6689945 TI - Effect of cell cycle position on dexamethasone binding by mouse and human lymphoid cell lines: correlation between an increase in dexamethasone binding during S phase and dexamethasone sensitivity. AB - We determined the effect of cell cycle position on the amount of dexamethasone that was specifically bound by mouse and human lymphoid cell lines. Cell lines that were either sensitive or resistant to growth inhibition by dexamethasone were compared. Exponentially growing cells were separated by centrifugal elutriation into fractions that corresponded to different positions in the cell cycle. The cell cycle phase distribution of each fraction was estimated by flow cytometry and autoradiography. The amount of dexamethasone bound per cell in each fraction was measured by a whole cell binding assay. In three dexamethasone sensitive cell lines (two mouse and one human), we found that the amount of dexamethasone bound per cell increased 2-4-fold between G1 phase and S phase, and then decreased during G2/M phase. Results were the same when the amount of dexamethasone bound per milligram of cell protein was measured. Binding affinity was the same during G1 phase and S phase, but the proportion of bound dexamethasone that translocated to the nucleus was greater during S phase. In contrast, we found that the amount of dexamethasone bound per cell by three dexamethasone-resistant cell lines (two mouse and one human) did not increase during S phase. Our results indicate that cell cycle changes in dexamethasone binding are not simply related to changes in cell protein or cell volume during the cell cycle. An increase in dexamethasone binding during S phase may be required for dexamethasone to inhibit cell growth, and a failure of dexamethasone binding to increase during S phase might represent a new mechanism of dexamethasone resistance in lymphoid cells. PMID- 6689946 TI - Platelet functions and energy metabolism in a patient with hexokinase deficiency. AB - We have studied the regeneration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the glycolytic pathway in platelets with a 75% reduction in hexokinase (HK) activity and have investigated aggregation and Ca2+ secretion. HK-deficient platelets had a normal glycolytic flux in the resting state, but responded insufficiently to stimulation with thrombin (5 U/ml). In contrast, glycogen contents and glycogenolysis were normal. When the metabolic adenine nucleotides were labeled with 14C-adenine, the patient's platelets showed a normal adenylate energy charge and a normal level of 14C-ATP. However, the inhibitor of mitochondrial energy generation, CN-, induced a weaker fall in 14C-ATP in the patient's platelets than in the controls. Analysis of secretion markers revealed decreased amounts of granule-bound ATP and secretable Ca2+, whereas granule-bound adenosine diphosphate (ADP), beta-thromboglobulin, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and beta-glucuronidase were within the normal range. Aggregation and Ca2+ secretion induced by 5 U/ml thrombin were normal and were not changed in the presence of inhibitors of mitochondrial and glycogenolytic energy generation. Aggregation was also normal at 0.1 U/ml thrombin and was independent of these inhibitors, but Ca2+ secretion was greatly impaired when mitochondrial and glycogenolytic ATP resynthesis was abolished. These findings indicate that a severe reduction in HK activity causes insufficient acceleration of the glycolytic flux during stimulation with thrombin. This leads to impaired dense granule secretion in conditions where secretion depends on concurrent ATP resynthesis and glycolysis is rate limiting. PMID- 6689947 TI - Effect of transfusion therapy on arteriographic abnormalities and on recurrence of stroke in sickle cell disease. AB - Stroke is a relatively frequent and severe complication of sickle cell disease. We performed cerebral arteriograms in 30 patients with sickle cell disease to evaluate the cause of acute neurologic deficits and to assess the effects of transfusion therapy given for a year or more after the acute episode. Twenty three patients with motor and speech deficits had multiple abnormalities of major cerebral arteries. The internal carotid and anterior and middle cerebral arteries showed stenosis and/or occlusion at their common junction. Irregular luminal surfaces suggested that endothelial damage and intimal hyperplasia were the basis of stroke. Prolonged transfusion therapy nearly stopped progression of stenosis and markedly decreased the irregularity of the luminal surfaces; in 4 untransfused patients, the degree of stenosis doubled and the luminal abnormalities persisted. Prior to transfusion, 90% of patients had recurrence of stroke. With transfusion therapy, only 10% of patients had recurrence despite persistent arterial abnormalities. Clinical recurrences per patient-month decreased 75-fold. The patients tolerated prolonged transfusion therapy well, despite progressive iron accumulation. Seven patients with smooth abnormalities of a single artery, nonocclusive changes, or with normal arteriograms did not receive transfusions. Only one of this group had recurrence of symptoms. PMID- 6689948 TI - Transient versus permanent expression of cancer-related glycopeptides on normal versus leukemic myeloid cells coinciding with marrow egress. AB - Release of mature cells from the bone marrow (BM) into the peripheral blood (PB) compartment is supposed to be triggered by changes in cell surface constituents, most probably in glycoproteins. The supposed importance of glycoproteins in marrow exit prompted us to investigate glycopeptides, i.e., the carbohydrate part of the cell-surface-located glycoproteins of isolated human bone marrow cells of the myeloid series at different stages of maturation. Fractionation of cells was performed by a four-step procedure, comprised of density gradient centrifugation and velocity sedimentation at unit gravity in specially designed separation chambers. With this method, promyelocytes/myeloblasts, granulocytes from bone marrow, and granulocytes from peripheral blood were isolated in high quantity with purities up to 90%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. Surface glycopeptides of the various myeloid cells were investigated by gel filtration analysis after metabolic labeling with radioactive fucose or after external labeling with periodate-borotritide under mild conditions. Within the normal myeloid maturation sequence, mature granulocytes within the bone marrow were found to transiently express altered surface glycopeptides, which disappeared after release into the peripheral blood. These oligosaccharide structures appeared similar to those encountered on leukemic blast cells, known as "cancer-related glycopeptides." In contrast to normal granulocytes from BM, leukemic blast cells retained these aberrant carbohydrate structures on their surface after marrow release. A possible role for cancer-related glycopeptides in the process of marrow cell exit might be hypothesized. PMID- 6689949 TI - Time course of reversibility of accelerated fibrinogen disappearance in diabetes mellitus: association with intravascular volume shifts. AB - Accelerated fibrinogen disappearance in diabetic patients is reversible with normalization of blood glucose. To define the time course of this reversal, we measured 125I-fibrinogen disappearance in 19 diabetic patients experiencing acute changes in blood glucose, as monitored and controlled by a microprocessor controlled closed loop insulin infusion system (artificial beta cell). The data were corrected for blood volume dilutional changes and fit to a model describing two sequential exponential functions and a single exponential function. The sequential model provided the best fit for all but one patient. This indicates that there were two distinct rates of fibrinogen disappearance and suggests that the time course of reversal of accelerated fibrinogen disappearance in diabetic patients is very rapid, if not immediate. Rapid fibrinogen turnover during hyperglycemia was temporally associated with vascular volume changes, reflected as dilutional changes of 51Cr-RBC concentrations. These findings were also associated with an increase in pulse pressure during hyperglycemia, suggesting blood volume expansion due to an osmotic mechanism. The results of this study suggest a picture of vascular volume expansion and contraction, perhaps secondary to the osmotic effects of hyperglycemia. Accelerated fibrinogen turnover associated with these events may be related to increased vascular permeability and/or increased fibrin formation. These events, in concert, may contribute to the initiation and/or propagation of diabetic vascular sequelae. PMID- 6689950 TI - Cytosolic free calcium changes induced by chemotactic peptide in neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease. AB - Cytoplasmic free calcium concentration (Ca2+)i was measured in neutrophils from patients with the classical X-linked form of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) by trapping the fluorescent calcium indicator Quin 2 in intact cells. CGD neutrophils do not produce superoxide and are only slightly depolarized upon stimulation by the chemotactic peptide. N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). The resting levels, as well as (Ca2+)i changes induced by FMLP in CGD cells, were quantitatively and kinetically similar to those observed in normal cells. We conclude that the defect in CGD cells is distal to, or independent of, the changes in (Ca2+)i induced by FMLP stimulation and that normal membrane depolarization does not seem to be necessary for receptor-mediated rise in free cytosolic calcium in human neutrophils. PMID- 6689953 TI - Bone marrow infarction in sickle cell anemia. PMID- 6689952 TI - Oncogenes and acute leukemias. PMID- 6689954 TI - Immunoglobulin phenotype in CLL. PMID- 6689951 TI - Cryopreservation of enucleated human neutrophils (PMN cytoplasts). AB - Previously, we have shown that enucleated human neutrophils (PMN cytoplasts), when activated by particulate or fluid stimuli, generate superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at rates comparable (per unit area of plasma membrane) to those observed with intact neutrophils. Moreover, PMN cytoplasts also ingest and, to a certain extent, kill bacteria. We now report that PMN cytoplasts can be cryopreserved with maintenance of their functional activity. The PMN cytoplasts were frozen in a medium with 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum and 10% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide, and stored at -70 degrees C. After thawing and washing, the recovery was 75%. The content of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase, the consumption of oxygen and generation of hydrogen peroxide, and the rate of phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was the same for fresh and cryopreserved PMN cytoplasts. Identical values were obtained after preservation in liquid nitrogen. These results open possibilities to store neutrophil material, allowing longitudinal follow-up of patients, comparative studies between different patients, exchange of material between laboratories, and storage of reference material for experiments in series. PMID- 6689955 TI - Mechanical properties of oxygenated red blood cells in sickle cell (HbSS) disease. AB - Little data exist for the mechanical properties of individual irreversible or reversible sickle cells (ISC and RSC, respectively), nor is the process of ISC formation well understood. For oxygenated ISC and density-fractionated RSC, we have used micropipette techniques to measure cell surface area (SA) and volume (V), membrane shear elastic modulus (mu), time constant for viscoelastic shape recovery (tc), and hence to calculate membrane surface viscosity (eta = mu X tc). Volume loss associated with increasing cell density was accompanied by a proportionately smaller surface area decrease; SA/V ratio thus increased for denser cells, with ISC having the highest values. Membrane area loss by fragmentation must thus be accompanied by an accelerated decrease in cell volume. ISC had relatively rigid membranes (mu 130% above normal controls) and tc close to normal values, so that their effective membrane viscosity was more than double control. RSC had viscoelastic properties close to control, but showed wider variation between sickle cell donors and within samples. Measurements on density separated RSC showed that, on average, mu was nearly constant, but that tc was longer for the densest cells, with their eta approaching ISC levels. A small subpopulation of RSC were found that had mu close to ISC values. Hypotonically swollen ISC (with internal hemoglobin concentration decreased to normal levels) retained their increased membrane stiffness but had markedly decreased tc, so that their eta approached normal values. The results show that elevated hemoglobin concentration influences the viscoelastic behavior of ISC and RSC, but that an irreversible change in membrane elasticity also occurs for ISC. These data suggest that ISC formation occurs via a two-stage process: (1) accelerated volume loss leading to increased cytoplasmic and effective membrane viscosity; (2) a sharp rise in membrane rigidity, presumably linked to membrane structural alteration. PMID- 6689956 TI - Neuraminidase and contractile responses to norepinephrine in rat tail artery. AB - Sialic acids are negatively charged groups in the carbohydrate side chains of glycolipids and glycoproteins which line the external membrane surface. The goal of this study was to characterize the effect of neuraminidase, which selectively cleaves sialic acids, on contractile activity in vascular smooth muscle. Helically cut strips of rat tail artery were mounted in an organ chamber and isometric contractions were recorded. Following treatment with neuraminidase (0.2 U/ml, 1 h), contractile responses to norepinephrine were significantly greater than control responses. Phasic contractions to norepinephrine in calcium-free medium were not altered by neuraminidase, whereas following calcium depletion with EGTA, contractile responses to added calcium were greater in enzyme-treated strips than in control when activated with norepinephrine. The augmentation of norepinephrine-induced contractions following neuraminidase treatment was reversed by incubation of the arterial strips with N-acetylneuraminic acid (10( 4) M). Neuraminidase had no effect on contractile responses to potassium chloride, angiotensin II, and caffeine. Biochemical assay indicated that approximately 63% of the total sialic acid residues were removed from the arterial strips during incubation with the enzyme. It is concluded that a component for the control of the transmembrane calcium movement in response to norepinephrine is dependent on the presence of sialic acid residues. PMID- 6689957 TI - Comparison of responses elicited by alpha-thrombin in isolated canine basilar, coronary, mesenteric, and renal arteries. AB - Alpha-thrombin was applied in cumulative concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10, and/or 100 U/ml to determine peak responses in isolated canine arterial rings. Alpha-thrombin failed to elicit contraction in the mesenteric artery, produced inconsistent effects in the renal artery, and produced biphasic effects (relaxation superseded by contraction) in the coronary and basilar arteries. In the basilar artery the relaxation induced by alpha-thrombin was blocked and the maximal contractions enhanced by reaming the vessel or by substituting heated thrombin for alpha-thrombin. The results support the hypotheses that alpha thrombin acts on two distinct receptors in the basilar artery and that it is involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 6689958 TI - Extracellular Ca2+ dependence and diltiazem inhibition of contraction in rabbit conduit arteries and mesenteric resistance vessels. AB - The dependence of norepinephrine-(NE-) and high potassium (80 mM K) depolarization-induced contractions on extracellular versus intracellular calcium (Ca2+) pools was studied in strips of rabbit superior mesenteric artery and its branches, and in perfused mesenteric resistance vessels. 80 mM K contractions were abolished in the presence of 0 Ca2+ 2 mM EGTA in all arteries studied, whereas 10(-5) M NE-induced contractions and stimulated 45Ca efflux in 0 Ca2+ 2 mM EGTA decreased in a graded fashion from proximal to distal arteries. These data indicate a decreasing release of intracellular Ca2+ and an increasing dependence on extracellular Ca2+ for NE-induced contractions as one proceeds from proximal to distal arteries. This pattern was paralleled by increasing sensitivity of NE-induced contractions to inhibition by diltiazem (10(-9)-10(-4) M) from proximal to distal arteries, while inhibition of 80 mM K contractions was similar in all vessels. 45Ca influx induced by 10(-5) M NE in the resistance vessels, wherein the NE does not release intracellular Ca2+, is approximately 10,000-fold more sensitive to the action of diltiazem than that in the aorta. However, when the aorta is activated by 10(-8) M NE, it becomes more sensitive to inhibition by diltiazem than when it is activated by 10(-5) M NE. The former NE concentration does not release intracellular Ca2+ in the aorta, whereas the latter does. Thus, it appears that NE-induced 45Ca influx is most susceptible to inhibition by diltiazem when the NE has not also released intracellular Ca2+. We suggest that the release of intracellular Ca2+ by NE may make its stimulated Ca2+ influx less susceptible to inhibition by diltiazem. PMID- 6689959 TI - Characteristics of the norepinephrine-sensitive Ca2+ store in vascular smooth muscle. AB - A comparison was made between the properties of the norepinephrine- and caffeine sensitive Ca2+ store in both intact and skinned smooth muscle of the rabbit mesenteric artery. After a first application of 10(-5) M norepinephrine, reapplication of norepinephrine did not induce a second contraction in Ca2+-free medium. However, following this sequence 25 mM caffeine still induced a large contraction. The rates of Ca2+ leakage and Ca2+ filling of the norepinephrine sensitive store were much faster than those of the caffeine-sensitive one. The amplitude of the norepinephrine-induced contraction in Ca2+-free medium also depended on the amount of Ca2+ present in the caffeine-sensitive store. In the saponin-treated skinned muscle caffeine induced a Ca2+ release only after loading with Ca2+, whereas norepinephrine was unable to induce Ca2+ release in the skinned preparation even after loading with Ca2+. The release of Ca2+ from the caffeine-sensitive store could be activated by Ca2+ itself when the skinned muscle was loaded with Ca2+ above 10(-6) M. These results suggest that the norepinephrine-sensitive Ca2+ store is distinct from a large fraction of the caffeine-sensitive one, and that the norepinephrine-sensitive store is close to the cell membrane. In vascular smooth muscle, under physiological conditions, Ca2+ released from the norepinephrine-sensitive store by norepinephrine may induce Ca2+ release from the caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ store which may be comprised of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6689961 TI - Human granulopoiesis in vitro: an advantage in the use of Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium. AB - With the aim of determining whether Iscove's Dulbecco's medium (IMDM) provides a growth advantage in the support of granulopoiesis from cultures of human bone marrow in agar, samples from 20 normal subjects were examined in triplicate after 7, 10 and 14 days in parallel cultures containing IMDM or Dulbecco's medium. From every sample, more granulocyte-macrophage colonies were obtained at each culture interval with IMDM. In particular, the number of colonies with IMDM at 14 days (96 +/- 13 per 2x10(5) bone marrow cells) was almost double that with Dulbecco's medium (50 +/- 10). This increment consisted almost entirely of pure granulocyte colonies (P less than 0.001). No significant change in the proportion of eosinophil colonies was observed. These data indicate that IMDM does provide a growth advantage over Dulbecco's medium in the generation of granulocyte (neutrophil and eosinophil) colonies from agar cultures of normal human bone marrow. PMID- 6689960 TI - Agranulocytosis associated with semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins. Report of 7 cases. AB - Within one year we observed in the same intensive care unit seven severely polytraumatized patients with agranulocytosis (AG) associated with treatment by semisynthetic penicillins or cephalosporins combined with aminoglycosides. Antibiotics were given because of severe bacterial respiratory or generalised infections. Five patients died, four of them without haematological remission. Bone marrow aspirates showed hypoplasia of granulopoiesis due to a lack of mature cells. Leukocyte and granulocyte counts in the blood declined continuously over a period of 8 to 11 days. In average, minimal granulocyte counts occurred after 21 days of hospitalisation and 14 days of antibiotic drug exposure. Beside the incriminated antibiotics all patients were treated sporadically with other agents of which may cause AG. Granulocyte kinetics and serial bone marrow examinations of one patient suggest a phenothiazine type of AG, which is caused by a toxic damage of granulopoiesis. Declining absolute granulocyte counts in the blood together with persisting high temperatures during antibiotic treatment should give rise to the suspicion of a beginning AG. PMID- 6689962 TI - Local recurrence following 'curative' surgery for large bowel cancer: I. The overall picture. AB - The Large Bowel Cancer Project is a collaborative prospective study of 4228 patients with a histologically proven adenocarcinoma, of whom 2336 (55 per cent) survived a 'curative' resection. Follow-up information is available on 2220 patients (95 per cent). Subsequently, 309 (14 per cent) have developed a local recurrence confirmed by: biopsy (127; 41 per cent), clinical examination (77; 25 per cent), X-ray (15; 5 per cent), a raised CEA (2; 1 per cent), or some other method - e.g. CT scan or a confident unbiopsied laparotomy finding (88; 29 per cent). Statistically significant factors (chi2 test, P less than 0.05) associated with local recurrence are: Dukes' classification: A 4 per cent; B 13 per cent; C 18 per cent Tumour differentiation: Well 11 per cent; Moderate 14 per cent; Poor 21 per cent Obstruction: Absent 13 per cent; Present 21 per cent Perforation: Absent 13 per cent; Present 28 per cent Tumour mobility: Freely mobile 11 per cent; Others 21 per cent Operation performed (rectal and rectosigmoid tumours): Abdomino-perineal 12 per cent; Anterior resection 18 per cent; Surgeon (Consultant only): Range less than 5 per cent to greater than 20 per cent. Stratification of the above variables altered only the statistical significance pertaining to tumour differentiation (P less than 0.1, d.f. = 2). In particular, the differences between Consultant surgeons remained. PMID- 6689963 TI - Local recurrence following 'curative' surgery for large bowel cancer: II. The rectum and rectosigmoid. AB - 1988 patients with an adenocarcinoma of the rectum (1292; 65 per cent) or rectosigmoid (696; 35 per cent) have been studied. A resection (1700 patients) or polypectomy (124 patients) was performed in 1824 (92 per cent) and, of the former, 1376 patients either underwent abdominoperineal (AP) excision of the rectum (788 patients) or an anterior resection (598 patients). The in-hospital mortality was 63 patients (8 per cent) for AP and 44 (7 per cent) for anterior resection, and a curative resection had been performed in 504 (71 per cent) of those undergoing an AP, and 393 (71 per cent) of those undergoing an anterior resection. Follow-up information is available for 478 patients (95 per cent) who underwent an AP and 370 (94 per cent) who underwent an anterior resection. More patients have developed a local recurrence after an anterior resection (67; 18 per cent) than after AP (57; 12 per cent) (Logrank chi2 = 6.6, d.f. = 1, P less than 0.02) (stratified for sex and Dukes' stage). This difference is not accounted for by a lesser margin of distal clearance after an anterior resection; firstly because the margin of clearance was not different in those who did and those who did not develop a local recurrence (AP: whole group = 4.4 cm, local recurrence = 4.5 cm; anterior resection: whole group = 3.0 cm, local recurrence = 3.1 cm) and secondly because for each centimetre of distal clearance there was a consistently greater probability of recurrence for anterior resection (Logrank chi2 = 9.1, d.f. = 1, P less than 0.01) (stratified for sex, Dukes' stage and distal clearance margin). PMID- 6689964 TI - Left colon duplication in an adult. PMID- 6689965 TI - The balloon proctogram. AB - A balloon filled with barium has been used to simulate a soft stool for the radiological study of disorders of defaecation. Lateral radiographs demonstrate the level of the pelvic floor in relation to the pubococcygeal line, the change in the anorectal angle and the behaviour of the anal sphincters. In 12 patients with faecal incontinence, successfully treated surgically by postanal sphincter repair, the anorectal angle was reduced from 135 degrees +/- 4.4 degrees (s.e.m.) to 103 degrees +/- 4.1 degrees and the anorectal junction rose by 1.5 +/- 0.4 cm. In 10 patients with slow-transit constipation there was no pelvic descent and no change in the anorectal angle on straining. These patients were unable to expel the balloon and the results suggest that the pelvic floor does not relax normally. PMID- 6689966 TI - Ischaemic proctitis and adventitial fibromuscular dysplasia of the superior rectal artery. AB - A case of ischaemic proctitis apparently caused by adventitial fibromuscular dysplasia of the superior rectal artery is reported and the results of a survey of 50 superior rectal and marginal arteries from post mortem and surgical cases are described. Abnormal musculature was demonstrated in varying degree in the adventitia of 28 of 50 asymptomatic patients. Our findings indicate that a spectrum of this vascular abnormality exists in the elderly which is rarely severe enough to contribute to symptomatic large bowel ischaemia. PMID- 6689968 TI - Differences in anal function in patients with incontinence to solids and in patients with incontinence to liquids. AB - Manometric radiological and neurophysiological measurements of the anal sphincter were carried out in 19 female patients who were incontinent to liquid faeces only, 15 female patients who exhibited incontinence to solid and liquid faeces and 18 normal female controls. Both groups of patients had abnormally obtuse anorectal angulation and perineal descent, a weak and easily inhibited sphincter tone and similar degrees of neuropathy during electromyography. However, patients who were incontinent to solids and liquids exhibited lower squeeze pressures during standard manometry and lower peak pressures during saline infusion than patients who were only incontinent to liquids. These findings suggest that it is the additional weakness of the external sphincter that renders patients incontinent to solids as well as liquids. PMID- 6689967 TI - Pancreatitis associated with parathyroid adenoma in childhood. PMID- 6689969 TI - An investigation into how the geometry of an end-to-side arterial anastomosis affects its function. AB - The effects of altering the geometry of an end-to-side junction were investigated in a hydraulic model. The dimensions of the tubes, pressures and flow rate and the frequency of pulsation were calculated by dimensional analysis, to produce a model which simulated pulsatile flow in small arteries. The ratio between the impedance of the 'bypass' and the impedance downstream from the junction was greater than unity when the two tubes forming the junction were of unequal diameter. No increase in downstream impedance was measured when the angle of junction was increased from 45 degrees to 135 degrees. Cine photographs of streamlines at the junction showed that flow passed smoothly through the junction irrespective of angle and that perturbations occurred only during that part of the cycle when flow was reversed. The results indicate that the angle at which a junction is made affects flow. The effect is small and is only seen when the ratio of diameters of the tubes is unity. The ratio of the diameters of the two tubes which make up the junction has the greatest effect on flow through the junction. PMID- 6689970 TI - Common femoral artery Doppler wave-forms: a comparison of three methods of objective analysis with direct pressure measurements. AB - Doppler maximum frequency wave-forms recorded from the femoral arteries of 50 patients with arterial disease have been submitted to three methods of objective analysis in an attempt to quantify the degree of proximal narrowing. The methods were compared with direct femoral artery pressure measurements at rest and during hyperaemia. There was marked overlap between the results of both pulsatility index and Laplace transform damping when compared with pressure assessment. Principal component analysis, however, produced significantly better agreement than Laplace transform damping (chi 2 = 5.8, P less than 0.02) and in addition was found to be sensitive to the presence or absence of disease in the superficial femoral artery. Principal component analysis appears to be the most powerful method of Doppler wave-form analysis so far described and may have a place in the non-invasive assessment of the aorto-iliac segment. PMID- 6689971 TI - Carotid artery bruit: association with internal carotid stenosis and intraluminal turbulence. AB - One hundred and ninety-five consecutive referrals to the vascular laboratory for carotid artery investigation have been studied. Carotid bruits were assessed by the referring clinician and documented. All patients underwent bilateral imaging and spectrum analysis of the extra-cranial carotid vessels using a pulsed Doppler ultrasound technique. Eighty-two were further assessed by X-ray contrast angiography. Of 390 internal carotids examined by ultrasound, 65 exhibited intraluminal turbulence of which 49 (75 per cent) had a bruit. In 62 (56 per cent) of 111 internal carotids in the series which were said to have a bruit on clinical examination, no turbulence was found; in 15 instances the external carotid vessel was shown as the true source of turbulence and in the remainder the bruits may have been transmitted from the heart. One hundred and fifty-six vessels were assessed by X-ray and 55 shown to have significant stenosis; 38 (69 per cent) of these exhibited a bruit. Bruit was often absent at high degrees of stenosis and in occluded vessels. Although a carotid bruit is often a marker of internal carotid intraluminal turbulence and stenosis, this is by no means always so. Cervical bruit may also be due to a diseased external carotid or to sounds transmitted from a more proximal source. Conversely, absence of bruit is a feature not only of normal vessels but of many arteries which are stenosed (especially if this is of high degree) or occluded. PMID- 6689972 TI - Carotid endarterectomy and the Javid shunt: the early results of 215 consecutive operations for transient ischaemic attacks. AB - This paper describes a consecutive series of 215 carotid bifurcation endarterectomies performed by one surgeon for transient ischaemic attacks. One patient died from a pulmonary embolism (0.47 per cent). One patient developed a permanent stroke related to the contralateral hemisphere 3 days after operation (0.47 per cent). Five patients developed a weakness of one arm or hand which had clinically recovered 2 months after operation (2.35 per cent); four patients had a transient weakness of one arm or hand which had recovered in less than 24 h of the operation. There were no serious ocular complications. The incidence of serious permanent complications was therefore 0.94 per cent. The Javid shunt could not be used in only 4 of the 193 operations in which its insertion was attempted. It caused arterial damage in only one patient. The results suggest that the routine use of the shunt was of value and that carotid endarterectomy can be a safe, relatively complication-free, procedure. PMID- 6689973 TI - Condyloma acuminatum of the urethra: problems in eradication. PMID- 6689974 TI - On thrombo-embolism after total hip replacement in epidural analgesia: a controlled study of dextran 70 and low-dose heparin combined with dihydroergotamine. AB - A prospective study of thrombo-embolism after total hip replacement in epidural analgesia was carried out in 116 patients, randomly allocated to dextran 70 or low-dose heparin combined with dihydroergotamine (HDHE). Amounts of blood loss and transfused bank blood did not differ significantly between dextran 70 and HDHE prophylaxis. There was a lower incidence of femoral deep vein thromboses in patients given dextran prophylaxis as compared with those on HDHE (P less than 0.05). However, the total frequency of DVT and the frequency of pulmonary embolism did not differ between the two groups. There was no case of fatal pulmonary embolism. The side effects were major bleeding complications in 7 per cent of the HDHE group as compared to none in the dextran group. No anaphylactic reaction was noted from dextran 70 using hapten-dextran prophylaxis. PMID- 6689975 TI - Subcutaneous heparin, plasma heparin levels and postoperative wound haematoma. AB - Ninety-five patients, over the age of 40, having general surgical operations, were randomly allocated to a control and test group. The test group received 5000 units of subcutaneous heparin two hours before operation and then 12-hourly for seven days. The patients in the control group received the same regimen of isotonic saline. There was a marked variation in the plasma heparin levels from patient to patient, and from day to day in the same patient. There was a significant increase in the incidence of wound haematoma in patients with a plasma heparin level greater than 0.2 units/ml. The results suggest that the increased incidence of wound haematoma previously reported is due to the increase of incidence in patients who have plasma heparin levels greater than 0.2 units/ml. PMID- 6689976 TI - The management of common bile duct calculi by endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients with gallbladders in situ. AB - Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) is widely used in the treatment of patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones following cholecystectomy. The technique has now been extended to patients with gallbladders still present and the results of ES in 100 such patients is reported. Fifty-nine were considered unsuitable for surgery (Group A), in 38 ES was performed as a preliminary to cholecystectomy (Group B) and in 3 ES was performed following emergency cholecystostomy (Group C). ES was achieved in 98 patients and stones completely extracted in 91 patients. In Group A 5 patients required surgery, in 3 because of technical failure and in 2 because of empyema of the gallbladder. One patient who presented in extremis died following failure to extract a large CBD stone. On follow-up (4 50 months), 16 patients have died but in only one from gallbladder sepsis, and one has had a cholecystectomy for pain. In Group B choledochotomy was avoided in 29 of the 37 patients who agreed to cholecystectomy. In Group C no further surgery was required and all patients in Groups B and C remain well. These results indicate that ES is an effective technique for treating patients with CBD stones with the gallbladder in situ, either alone in patients considered unsuitable for surgery or as an adjunct to surgery. PMID- 6689977 TI - Intrahepatic biliary papillomatosis. AB - Intrahepatic bile duct papillomatosis associated with changes of nuclear atypia is described in a young man. Radical excision was performed by left hepatic lobectomy and removal of the common bile duct and left hepatic ducts. Fourteen previous cases of intrahepatic or diffuse intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary papillomatosis are reviewed. While local recurrence and progression to death from obstructive jaundice and cholangitis is the rule, only two definite cases of malignant change have been reported. Radical surgery may be curative for this rare condition. PMID- 6689979 TI - Aortocaval fistula. PMID- 6689978 TI - An outline of differences between temperate and tropical presentations of some surgical upper gastrointestinal diseases. PMID- 6689980 TI - Colostomy prolapse. PMID- 6689981 TI - Place of enterotomy in intestinal obstruction caused by roundworms. PMID- 6689982 TI - Cachexia in cancer. PMID- 6689983 TI - Small bowel obstruction. PMID- 6689984 TI - Peritoneal tetracycline lavage. PMID- 6689985 TI - The Canada Health Act: highlights. PMID- 6689986 TI - Renal cell carcinoma presenting as Budd-Chiari syndrome. PMID- 6689987 TI - Could there be a conspiracy to suppress valid treatments of disease? PMID- 6689988 TI - Precision and costs of techniques for self-monitoring of serum glucose levels. AB - The poor correlation between serum and urine glucose measurements has led to the development of new techniques for monitoring the blood glucose level in diabetic patients. Either a nurse or the patient can perform these tests, which involve spreading a single drop of blood onto a reagent strip. A colour change that is proportional to the serum glucose level can be read visually or with a reflectance meter. Evaluated against simultaneous serum glucose levels determined by the hospital biochemistry laboratory, those of the new techniques employing reflectance meters all showed excellent correlation (r2 = 0.85 to 0.96). Reagent strips used without meters showed poorer correlation (r2 = 0.69 to 0.90). The instruction given to the patients and one nurse enabled them to obtain more accurate results with one of the meters than nurses not specially trained (r2 = 0.94 and 0.92 v. 0.85 respectively). The mean cost per glucose determination with the new techniques was 75, compared with +1.45 for the laboratory determinations done with automated equipment. It was concluded that the new techniques compared well with the reference method, particularly when reflectance meters were used, and that they were easily applied by the patient, as well as the medical staff, at a reasonable cost. PMID- 6689989 TI - Anorexia nervosa associated with energy-wasting disorders. AB - Some patients with anorexia nervosa and energy-wasting disorders have been found to be able to use their illness to lose weight. This paper presents two patients with diabetes mellitus and one with ulcerative colitis in whom the illness was complicated by anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6689990 TI - Diaphragmatic weakness and myositis associated with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - An unusual presentation of systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in a young adult is reported. Among the major manifestations were severe muscle weakness and dyspnea, which were found to be due to myositis and diaphragmatic weakness. The evolution of the disease and its response to therapy are described. PMID- 6689991 TI - 1983: the year in review. The national view: Canada Health Act looms large. PMID- 6689992 TI - Improving the physician-nurse relationship. PMID- 6689993 TI - Heterogeneity and progesterone-receptor distribution in endometrial adenocarcinoma. AB - Objective response to progestin therapy occurs in 30% to 35% of patients with recurrent or metastatic endometrial carcinoma. Measurement of progesterone receptor (PR) in these tumors has been suggested as a method for distinguishing between responders and nonresponders. However, studies on steroid receptor measurements in endometrial carcinoma may be subject to complexities of tumor, tissue, and cellular heterogeneity. The authors provide evidence for the existence of various types of heterogeneity and address the problem of cellular heterogeneity by determination of PR concentrations in the glandular and stromal cells of the endometrium. It is concluded that until the problem of tumor and tissue heterogeneity is resolved, PR concentrations in endometrial carcinoma must be interpreted with caution. PMID- 6689994 TI - Total and nondialyzable hydroxyproline excretion in Stage D2 prostate cancer. AB - Hydroxyproline is excreted in urine as a breakdown product of normal bone turnover: A dialyzable (D) fraction (90% of total) reflects active bone destruction and a nondialyzable (ND) fraction reflects bone growth/regrowth. In metastatic prostate cancer where blastic osseous metastases predominate, disease progression on bone scan correlated with elevation of both total hydroxyproline excretion (7.84 + 1.28, P less than 0.001) and the ND urinary level (0.94 +/- 0.20, P less than 0.01). In patients with a serially stable/improving scan, urinary excretion of each fraction (2.18 + 0.27 and 0.27 +/- 0.01) was similar to that of men with no evidence of disease. For Stage D2 prostate cancer, these two markers satisfactorily monitor osseous activity in the intervals between serial bone scintigraphy. PMID- 6689995 TI - Post-sepsis prophylaxis in cancer patients. AB - One hundred children with cancer and bacterial sepsis were observed for one month after completion of antibiotic treatment for subsequent episodes of infection. After satisfactory clinical and bacteriological responses were achieved and antibiotic therapy terminated, 38 of the patients were maintained on trimethoprim -sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and 62 did not receive the drug combination. Of the 26 neutropenic patients not receiving TMP-SMZ 23 (88%) had episodes of infection, whereas 4 (36%) of the 11 given the drug had recurrent or re-infection episodes (P = less than 0.001). A difference of similar significance was observed in the non-neutropenic patients. Infections in children in relapse of their malignancy were twice as frequent in those not receiving the drug as in those who received it (P = less than 0.02, greater than 0.01). Of the 19 patients who died during the month of observation, none had received TMP--SMZ. This study shows that the administration of TMP--SMZ after bacterial sepsis reduces the number of infectious episodes in neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients, with the exception of the non-neutropenic patient in remission. PMID- 6689996 TI - Transglottic carcinoma. AB - The cases of 152 patients with transglottic carcinoma were reviewed. There were 31% T2, 39% T3, and 30% T4 lesions. Twenty-six percent of patients had neck node metastases at initial presentation, and 19% with no neck dissection or radical irradiation to the neck subsequently developed neck metastases. Patients treated with voice conservation surgery +/- neck dissection +/- radiation (VCS +/- ND +/- R) had small transglottic carcinomas, whereas total laryngectomy +/- neck dissection +/- radiation (TL +/- ND +/- R) was used for patients with larger lesions. The reason for radiation alone (RA) was the patient's poor general condition or refusal of surgery. The total failure rate (primary, neck, and distant metastases) was 39%. Patients treated with TL +/- ND +/- R had fewer primary and stomal failures (12%) than those treated by VCS +/- ND +/- R (23%) and RA (33%), but ultimate failure after salvage treatment was the same (12% 13%). Sixty percent of patients treated with VCS and 67% with RA had their voices preserved. The major complication rate (overall, 16%) was highest in the group treated with VCS +/- ND +/- R. Five-year observed and adjusted survival for the entire group was 47% and 55%, respectively. The lower survival in the RA group was attributable to a high death rate from intercurrent disease. The incidence of second tumors was 14%. Unfavorable prognostic factors were older age, pretreatment tracheostomy, advanced stage and the presence of tumor in surgical specimen, and lymph nodes. PMID- 6689997 TI - Clinical diagnosis of minute gastric cancer less than 5 mm in diameter. AB - When 58 minute gastric cancers less than 5 mm in diameter from 55 patients were classified into 22 of the single group (minute gastric cancer alone) and 36 of the multiple group (associated with other large gastric cancers), the preoperative correct diagnostic rate by x-ray was 22.7% and 11.1% in the single group and in the multiple group, respectively, with a total rate of 15.5%. The diagnostic rate by endoscopy, aided by endoscopic biopsy, was 95.5%, 13.9%, and 44.8%, respectively. Therefore, it appears that endoscopy and endoscopic biopsy are most efficient diagnostic tools for the detection of such minute gastric cancers. Since the detection of the depressed type (IIc) of minute gastric cancers is considered most significant because of their frequent submucosal invasion, their characteristic endoscopic findings are emphasized: (1) irregular and polygonal shape, (2) distinct depression, (3) clear demarcation, (4) nodular margins, and (5) moth-eaten appearance and abrupt thinning of the mucosal folds. PMID- 6689998 TI - The management of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube. Experience of 40 cases. AB - Forty patients with primary tubal cancer were treated at the Middlesex and Mount Vernon Hospitals between 1951 and 1981. Actuarial 5-year survival was seen in 68% of 10 Stage I cases, 39% of 17 Stage II cases, and 21% of 11 Stage III cases, and this experience is consistent with other reported postwar series. The disease was found to exhibit some similarity to ovarian cancer in terms of its mode of spread and response to radiation and cytotoxic agents. Transcoelomic spread was identified as the major cause of treatment failure, and management proposals have been structured around its detection and treatment. PMID- 6689999 TI - Aortic node metastases with negative pelvic nodes in cervical cancer. AB - A case of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix with aortic lymph node metastases in the absence of pelvic lymph node metastases is described. The spread of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is briefly reviewed. PMID- 6690000 TI - The effect of westernization on urine estrogens, frequency of ovulation, and breast cancer risk. A study of ethnic Chinese women in the Orient and the USA. AB - In a 10-year incidence survey of breast cancer in the City of Boston, 14 cases in American Chinese women were observed, while approximately 13 were expected on the basis of age-specific incidence in the white population. In Hawaii, on the other hand, while breast cancer incidence rates for ethnic Chinese are approximately three times as high as those of indigenous Chinese populations, data indicate that they are still 35% lower than those of whites in Hawaii or on the US mainland. We have compared estrogen concentrations in the urine of Chinese women in the Orient, Honolulu, and Boston. Levels of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) increased greatly from the low to the high risk group. The increase was evident among both the younger (15-19 years) and the older (20-24 years) women, in both follicular and luteal phase specimens. The crude unweighted average increase from Oriental to continental US Chinese was about 38% and 34% for E1 and E2, respectively. On the other hand, levels of E3 decreased from the low-risk to the high-risk group, but the decrease was modest (16%) and not always regular. There were no systematic or significant differences in the frequency of ovulation in the three groups of women. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that high levels of estrone and estradiol are important to breast carcinogenesis. Whether E3 has some additional "protective" effect or is irrelevant is unclear. The data do not support the hypothesis that total urine estrogens (E1 + E2 + E3) are predictive of population groups at high risk for breast cancer and they appear inconsistent with the hypothesis that frequency of ovulation (or anovulation) is an important aspect of breast carcinogenesis. PMID- 6690001 TI - Chemotherapy for primary adenocarcinoma of the small bowel. AB - The results of chemotherapy for patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the small bowel treated at U. T. M. D. Anderson Hospital between 1950 and 1980 were analyzed. A total of 21 single-agent and multidrug chemotherapy regimens were given to 14 patients. 5-Fluorouracil, Adriamycin, mitomycin C, and nitrosourea compounds were the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents. Fluoropyrimidines, used alone or in combination with the other agents mentioned above, resulted in objective tumor regression in 3 patients (1 partial and 2 minor responses); while 9 additional patients had stable disease. The partial response (PR) was obtained with ftorafur in a patient with supraclavicular lymphadenopathy and hepatic metastasis. Median duration of survival for patients treated with chemotherapy was 9 months. Results of this study show that adenocarcinoma of the small bowel appears to be somewhat less responsive to chemotherapeutic agents than adenocarcinoma arising in the stomach, as reported in the literature. Systematic evaluations of the efficacy of new antitumor agents is indicated to improve results of treatment for advanced small bowel adenocarcinomas. PMID- 6690002 TI - External beam irradiation of prostate cancer. Experience in 163 patients. AB - From 1973 to 1979, 163 patients with biopsy proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with a curative intent utilizing megavoltage external beam irradiation at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center or Lutheran General Hospital. The actuarial survival at 5 years for the whole group is 78%. Survival was found to depend on initial stage and grade of disease. Local failure alone occurred in 3% of the patients, yet represented a component of failure in 7%. The effects of stage, grade, dose and field size on survival, patterns of failure and complications are discussed. PMID- 6690003 TI - Improved diagnostic accuracy in laryngeal cancer using a new classification based on computed tomography. AB - The most commonly accepted classification of laryngeal cancer is based on the definition of regions formulated by the American Joint Committee on Laryngeal Cancer. The limitations of this classification are discussed. A new radiologic classification based on computed tomography (CT) is presented, its application illustrated, and its accuracy documented. This classification has the advantage that it provides information preoperatively which closely agrees with the pathologic facts seen postoperatively. It also helps to separate those tumors that tend to invade cartilage from those that do not. PMID- 6690004 TI - A prospective study of the changes in immune status following radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. AB - In a prospective study, immune status was measured in 23 previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease Stage I-IIIA. Assessments of immunologic capacity were performed at diagnosis and repeated after staging laparotomy and after radiotherapy. The immune status was measured using delayed-type hypersensitivity tests to common recall antigens, the number of T- and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens, antigens, and allogeneic lymphocytes, and serum levels of immunoglobulins. Skin reactivity was not significantly affected by either the staging laparotomy with splenectomy or the radiotherapy. Absolute T-lymphocyte count increased after splenectomy (P less than 0.025) and decreased after radiotherapy (P less than 0.005 compared to postsplenectomy values). In vitro lymphocyte responsiveness after splenectomy was comparable to the initial presenting level and diminished after radiotherapy (P less than 0.005). Serum levels of IgM were lowered after radiotherapy (P less than 0.05) while the fall was not significant after splenectomy. Three months after radiotherapy, lowest mean T-cells percentages were noted, but the responses to mitogens were significantly higher than those obtained immediately after treatment (P less than 0.01). While the reduction in the proportion of the T lymphocytes persisted for 18 months, the mean lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens, antigens, and allogeneic lymphocytes increased on follow-up. Apart from a severe impairment of the immune status following radiotherapy, this study also shows the existence of significant repair mechanisms during the follow-up period. PMID- 6690005 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the tonsil. A clinicopathologic study of 65 cases. AB - Sixty-five patients presenting to M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute with Stages IE and IIE primary tonsillar lymphoma between 1954 and 1981 were reviewed. All cases were non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, with the majority being diffuse large cell lymphoma (85%). Initial therapy was radiotherapy alone in 54 patients, radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy in 8 patients, and chemotherapy alone in 3 patients. Stage was the most important prognostic factor, with 86% and 41% 5 year survivals for Stages IE and IIE, respectively (P = 0.006). Lymphangiography was crucial in staging patients with clinically positive cervical lymph nodes because 94% of clinically staged IIE patients developed recurrent disease, in comparison with only 50% of lymphangiogram-staged IIE patients. The incidence of large cell lymphoma was so high as to preclude analysis of survival by histologic type. From this limited series, radiotherapy alone would appear to be sufficient initial therapy for Stage IE patients, whereas Stage IIE patients probably benefit from the addition of prophylactic chemotherapy. Relapses were most common in nonirradiated lymph-node-bearing areas, with the majority presenting in the first 2 years following initial therapy. The salvage of relapsing patients has been disappointing, with the best hope residing in combination chemotherapy. PMID- 6690006 TI - The association of pathologic and mammographic characteristics of primary human breast cancers with "slow" and "fast" growth rates and with axillary lymph node metastases. AB - This article reports statistically significant associations existing between the clinical, mammographic and histopathologically classified properties of mammary cancers occurring in the population of 10,120 women screened in the BCDDP at the University of Louisville over a 5-year period and the propensity to grow "fast" and "slow" and metastasize or not metastasize to the axillary lymph nodes. Fast cancers, divided into two defined subsets as "fast 1" and "fast 2," are those surfacing in the intervals between mammograms. The faster cancers exhibited a significant absence of calcification, were discovered in younger patients and resulted in a shorter 5-year cumulative survival rate (fast 1 = 74 +/- 9% to slow = 94 +/- 4%). In addition to growth rates, another index of virulence in small cancers is the early appearance of metastases in the axillary lymph nodes. The absence of microscopic calcifications and the presence of lymphatic invasion around the primary cancer site were significantly associated with the presence of axillary metastases. Other factors associated with the occurrence of axillary metastases were a higher mitotic index, poor cellular differentiation and a larger size of cancer at diagnosis. The author's results confirm that interval surfacing cancers are biologically different and are not comparable to cancers discovered by scheduled screens. Cancers that metastasize to lymph nodes while very small have properties in common with these interval surfacing and, presumably, faster growing cancers. PMID- 6690007 TI - Indwelling venous access catheters in patients with acute leukemia. AB - Reliable venous access is often a serious problem in the cancer chemotherapy patient. In one year, the authors of this report have inserted 26 chronic double lumen silastic Hickman catheters in 25 acute leukemia patients. Each patient received an average 12 courses of combination chemotherapy, 11.5 packed red blood cell units, 48.0 platelet units, 4.2 fresh frozen plasma units, and numerous antibiotic doses via the catheters, which remained in situ 101 +/- 97.4 days. Complications included early hemorrhage in two cases, and catheter occlusion in six. Four catheters were removed for occlusion. Fourteen patients suffered bacteremia, predominantly due to gram-negative organisms; six catheters were removed for persistent sepsis. The remaining catheters remained functional until death or elective removal. Eight patients are currently alive as outpatients with functional catheters. The Hickman catheter effectively achieves reliable venous access in the cancer patient. The risks of catheter sepsis must be considered carefully in the immunosuppressed, leukopenic patient. PMID- 6690008 TI - Clinical value of immunotherapy for lung cancer by the streptococcal preparation OK-432. AB - A streptococcal preparation, OK-432 was employed as the adjuvant immunotherapeutic agent for lung cancer. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the OK-432, patients admitted between 1975 and 1979 were randomized into two groups: (1) an immunochemotherapy group and (2) a chemotherapy, or control, group. For evaluation of long-term survival, there were 108 cases in the immunochemotherapy group and 103 cases in the chemotherapy group. When comparing the prognosis of the two groups, the survival rate was statistically higher in the immunochemotherapy group than the control group. The resected cases in Stages I and II showed better prognosis with immunochemotherapy than the cases in the same stages treated with chemotherapy alone. Among the resected cases in the more advanced stages, mostly Stage III and a few cases in the Stage IV, the cases treated with immunochemotherapy also showed more favorable prognosis than the cases treated with chemotherapy alone. In terms of the cell type of the lung cancer, the cases with epidermoid carcinoma in Stages I and II showed significantly better prognosis with immunotherapeutics than the control group. The cases with positive reaction to the streptococcal polysaccharide skin test apparently showed better prognosis than those with negative reaction. PMID- 6690009 TI - Nonparallel patterns of calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the follow-up of medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - Serum levels of calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were evaluated in a group of 41 patients with histologically proven medullary thyroid carcinoma (MCT) before and sequentially after treatment for a period up to 7 years. Before thyroidectomy, CT levels were high in all patients, and significantly more elevated when metastases were present. On the other hand, CEA levels were high in most but not all the patients, and they also were found more frequently to be elevated in patients with metastases. After treatment, most of the patients without metastases showed persistently normal basal and pentagastrin stimulated CT and CEA levels. In some patients either without or with local metastases, postoperative CT levels, although considerably reduced, remained persistently above normal limits, whereas CEA levels became completely normal. This pattern may be due to the persistence of minute occult foci of the tumor, not sufficient to produce measurable amounts of CEA, which is not synthesized by all tumor cells. Most of the patients with metastases at diagnosis, showed still elevated CT and CEA levels after treatment. In the nonprogressive cases both markers decreased after adjunctive treatment or remained unchanged. In patients with progressive disease, an increase of CEA levels in the absence of a parallel increase of CT levels, which even decreased, was often observed. In one patient with progressive disease high CEA levels were seen for the first time when liver metastases had occurred. These data seem to suggest that, even though CEA production is not recognizable in all patients with MCT, in the CEA positive cases CEA levels may follow a nonparallel pattern and may have a distinct diagnostic meaning with respect to CT levels. In some cases, particularly in advanced disease, CEA may be a more useful marker of poor prognosis. PMID- 6690010 TI - Early detection of malignancy in ulcerative colitis. A flow-cytometric DNA study. AB - The cellular DNA content in colorectal biopsies from 51 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis has been studied with flow-cytometric technique. The DNA pattern has been related to the duration of the disease, and to histopathology. Aneuploid cell lines were found in eight patients, two of which had histopathologically verified malignancies. Aneuploid cell lines were found in 2% of biopsies from mucosa classified as normal, in 10% of biopsies with inflammation, hyperplasia or atrophy, in 25% of polyps and in biopsies with dysplasia and in seven of eight biopsies from adenocarcinomas. Four of 27 cases with 11 to 20 years duration of disease, and 4 of 10 with more than 20 years disease, had aneuploid cell lines. Combined with colonoscopy the flow-cytometric technique can routinely be used in the follow-up of patients with ulcerative colitis in screening for malignant cell lines. PMID- 6690013 TI - Failure to demonstrate a chromosome 2 deletion in adenomatous colorectal polyposis patients. AB - A group of researchers recently reported a specific chromosome abnormality consisting of a deletion in the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 in patients with adenomatous colorectal polyposis. Using a high resolution chromosome banding technique and a blind study design, the authors karyotyped two patients with Gardner syndrome, two patients with familial polyposis, and four normal controls. No deletion was found in chromosome 2. PMID- 6690012 TI - Acid phosphatase in human breast cancer tissue. AB - When the total acid phosphatase (AP) activity of mammary carcinoma was compared with those of benign pathology and normal mammary tissue the results showed statistically significant differences (P less than 0.05) when expressed per milligram of protein: 358 +/- 42 nmoles per hour (mean +/- standard error) in the malignant tumor, 216 +/- 30 in the benign pathology, and 96 +/- 45 in normal tissue and when expressed per milligram of DNA: 1858 +/- 234, 1227 +/- 140, 695 +/- 345 nmoles per hour, respectively. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic profiles showed different levels of isoenzymes 3 and 4 in the three tissue groups. The appearance of isoenzyme 1 is reported after treatment of the homogenates with 5% Triton X-100. It was also found by counterimmunoelectrophoresis that the 28,000 Xg mammary tumor supernatant cross reacts with an antiserum raised against AP isoenzyme 2 although the mammary tissue does not contain such an isoenzyme. To elucidate this point, isoenzymes 1, 3 and 4 were separated by columns of Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-Sephadex. By counterimmunoelectrophoresis, it was observed that only the fraction containing isoenzyme 4 cross-reacted with the antiserum anti-AP isoenzyme 2 maintaining the catalytic activity. PMID- 6690011 TI - The value of serum copper levels in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - A study of 306 serum copper levels (SCL) determinations in 115 patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma indicates a positive correlation between SCL and the state of disease. Patients with advanced disease (Stages II, III and IV) before treatment, those with active disease while under treatment, or in a relapse had a significantly higher SCL than patients in Stage I or those with no evidence of disease (NED). The mean SCL of patients with Stage I was similar to that of patients with NED. The mean values of these two groups did not differ significantly from that of healthy controls. Histological subtypes, according to the Rappaport classification, has no influence on SCL. Grouping into nodular versus diffuse lymphoma, histiocytic versus lymphocytic lymphoma and favorable versus unfavorable histology failed to demonstrate a difference between the groups. Within each subset a wide range of SCL was evident. However, good correlation was observed with the degree of disease activity. SCL may provide a useful parameter for patient monitoring. In this series, however, SCL was not useful for the prediction of an early relapse. PMID- 6690014 TI - Prognostic significance of mediastinal mass in adult Hodgkin's disease. AB - The authors analyzed the prognostic significance of mediastinal involvement with Hodgkin's disease in 169 pathologically stage adults (greater than or equal to 17 years) treated at the Mayo Clinic between 1974 and 1978. Sixty percent of the patients presented with mediastinal disease, evenly divided between those with a mediastinal to thoracic ratio (MTR) less than 0.33 and greater than or equal to 0.33. They were of younger average age and were more likely to have nodular sclerosis histologic subtype than those patients without a mediastinal mass. The median follow-up from diagnosis was 4.1 years with 90% of the patients being followed for 2 or more years. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) for the radiation only group was 70% in patients without mediastinal disease, 53% in the less than 0.33 MTR group and 44% in the greater than or equal 0.33 MTR group (P = 0.25). The 5-year survival was 92% in the patients without mediastinal disease, 88% in the less than 0.33 MTR group and 90% in the greater than or equal to 0.33 MTR group (P = 0.70). This lack of significant difference both in the 5-year DFS and survival between the three groups was also seen in the patients taken in toto (169) and in those receiving combined modality treatment (36). However, in early stage (I and II) patients, treated with radiation only, those with a large mediastinal mass had a 5-year DFS (33%) that was significantly worse than both the small mass patients (71%) and those with no mediastinal mass (87%) P less than 0.005). The pattern of relapse in the 40 patients who failed following treatment by radiation only was not affected by an increasing size of mediastinal involvement. At the time of this analysis 27 of the 40 patients who had relapsed following treatment by radiation only (all stages) had remained free from second relapse. The authors do not believe that the current data either support or negate the use of a combined modality approach in the initial treatment of Hodgkin's disease patients presenting with a large mediastinal mass. Only further follow-up will establish whether the treatment of patients, who have relapsed following radiation only, is durable and results in an overall survival comparable to that obtained by using combined modality initially. PMID- 6690015 TI - The fixed cervical lymph node. AB - A series of almost 2000 patients with squamous carcinoma of the head and neck is presented. Seven percent of the patients had massive fixed glands at the time of presentation. The incidence of fixed nodes varied between sites, and increased with increasing T-stage of the primary tumor. Forty percent of the patients were treated; the most common cause for withholding treatment was advanced age. Radiotherapy did not produce a significant prolongation of survival, but surgery did. Resection of the mandible, the skin of the neck, and the external carotid artery proved to be valuable procedures both in terms of palliation and survival; radical surgery produced a 5-year survival of approximately 15%. PMID- 6690016 TI - Distant metastases from head and neck cancer. AB - Distant metastases were detected in 52 (30.7%) of 169 patients with advanced head and neck cancer observed from 1968 until 1982. Both clinical and autopsy findings are included in the assessment. The occurrence of distant metastases was related to primary disease site, stage of disease at presentation, and development of infectious complications during the course of the disease. The duration of survival was unrelated to the development of metastases. The incidence of distant spread was low for patients with floor-of-mouth lesions (11.8%) and high for patients with advanced disease arising in some regions of the larynx (58.6%). Patients who experienced wound infection, pneumonia, or bacteremia had infrequent development of metastatic disease. PMID- 6690017 TI - Unusual manifestations of multiple cranial nerve palsies and mandibular metastasis in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lip. AB - A 70-year-old man who had squamous cell carcinoma of the lip later presented with right mental neuropathy, ipsilateral progressive involvement of all three divisions of the 5th, the 7th and 8th cranial nerves, and complete ophthalmoplegia. Biopsy proven metastasis to the mandible was demonstrated. Although repeated studies of CT scan of the head and cerebral angiography were negative, CSF examination revealed positive cytology, elevated protein and low sugar content. Although vascular dissemination from the primary lip lesion to the mandible and brain stem cannot be ruled out, extension through perineurial space via the 5th cranial nerve have been speculated. This case demonstrates two unusual features of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip, namely metastasis to the mandible and meningeal spread with multiple cranial neuropathies. PMID- 6690018 TI - Breast conservation in the treatment of early breast cancer. A 20-year follow-up. AB - Two hundred sixty-three patients with unilateral primary breast cancer, treated by local excision of the primary tumor and radical radiation therapy between 1954 and 1969, were followed up for a minimum of 10 years and a maximum of 20 years. The treatment plan delivered 4500 rad in fractions of orthovoltage irradiation to five fields: tangential breast fields, axilla with posterior axillary field, parasternal and supraclavicular, with a subsequent boost of 1000 rad to the primary tumor site, axilla, and supraclavicular fossa. Patients were clinically staged using the TNM (UICC) system; 115 patients had tumors less than 2 cm in diameter and a clinically negative axilla (T1N0N1a), 96 had tumors 2 to 5 cm in diameter with a clinically negative axilla (T2N0N1a), and 52 had tumors less than 5 cm in diameter and clinical axillary lymph node metastases (T1T2N1b). The actuarial relapse-free survival of patients with T1N0N1a tumors was 72% at 5 years, 59% at 10 years, and 47% at both 15 and 20 years. The relapse-free survival of patients with T2N0N1a tumors was not statistically different (P greater than 0.05). A significantly worse survival was observed in patients with clinical axillary lymph node metastases (T1T2N1b), with a survival of 37% at 5 years, 29% at 10 years, 23% at 15 years, and 22% at 20 years, when compared with patients with clinically negative lymph nodes (P less than 0.01). Locoregional relapse occurred in 22%, at 10 years, of those patients with T1 or T2N0N1a tumors and 52% of the patients with T1T2N1b tumors. The pattern of locoregional relapses indicated that approximately 50% occur at least 5 years after treatment; this contrasts with the pattern of early locoregional relapse after mastectomy. The commonest sites of relapse were in the breast in 19% and axilla in 6% of patients with T1 or T2N0N1a tumors. There was no attenuation of the radiation dose administered at the site of a subsequent relapse. Surgery for radiation failure produced a 42% crude relapse-free survival at 5 years after salvage mastectomy in those patients originally treated for T1 or T1N0N1a tumors. The results of this study suggest that a significant proportion of patients relapse locally over a prolonged period after breast conservation. The evolution of new radiation techniques may provide better locoregional control and early salvage surgery may result in improved long-term survival. PMID- 6690019 TI - The use of colonoscopy in the study of synchronous colorectal neoplasms. AB - Over a 5-year period, 185 patients with primary colorectal carcinoma were studied by colonoscopy for synchronous neoplasms. Twenty-eight patients had incomplete examinations due to obstructing tumors, and 157 had total colonoscopy. Sixty patients (35.9%) had synchronous neoplasms, of which 43 (25.7%) were adenomatous polyps, 5 (3%) were villous polyps, and 12 (7.2%) were carcinomas. The planned surgical procedure was altered on 7 of 12 synchronous cancers (58.3%), 10 of 38 adenomatous polyps, and 17 of 157 (10.8%) patients who underwent total colonoscopy. Preoperative colonoscopy is deemed essential for the optimal management of the patient with colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 6690020 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the proximal colon. Sites of initial dissemination and patterns of recurrence following surgery alone. AB - Seven hundred ninety-five patients were adenocarcinomas of the proximal colon were reviewed. Two hundred forty-five patients presented with disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis, and were analyzed to identify mechanisms and sites of disease spread. Five hundred fifty patients underwent radical resection, and were followed for a minimum of 48 months or until time of documented relapse. One hundred eighty-six patients (34%) manifested recurrent carcinoma, 64 (34.5%) of whom underwent second laparotomy at the time of initial recurrence. In 139 patients (74.5%), the distribution of clinical recurrence was confined to the abdomen, retroperitoneum, and liver. Prognostic influence of initial stage and tumor grade are analyzed, and possible implications for surgical staging and adjuvant therapy are discussed. PMID- 6690021 TI - Preliminary data on the in vitro proliferation pattern and karyotypic characteristics in cells of patients with ANLL. AB - Preliminary results of an in vitro study of the proliferation characteristics and karyotypes in the cells of a series of 20 patients with ANLL are presented. The leukemic cells exhibited in vitro proliferation patterns of essentially three types, all of which were very different from the proliferation pattern of normal bone marrow. Correlation with the karyotypic findings did not confirm that the cell cycle may be longer in aneuploid cells. To the contrary, a substantial part of the ANLL presented a karyotype that was normal by routine banding technique standards, in spite of the presence of a strikingly abnormal proliferation pattern of the dividing cells. These observations are important for a better understanding of the significance of chromosome anomalies in the development of leukemia, as well as for the clinician who, in the absence of chromosome markers, may use the proliferation pattern in the monitoring of leukemic patients. PMID- 6690022 TI - Sister chromatid exchange levels and cell cycle time in human bone marrow cells and lymphocytes. AB - The frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and the cell-cycle-specific pattern of mitoses were analyzed at the same time in normal bone marrow cells and lymphocytes of six healthy donors. The SCE frequency was found to be significantly higher in lymphocytes. The cell-cycle-specific pattern revealed significantly shorter cell cycle times for normal bone marrow cells as compared with those of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated lymphocytes. Chromosomes of bone marrow metaphases displayed a more contracted morphology. PMID- 6690023 TI - Homogeneously staining regions (HSR) in a human malignant melanoma. AB - A case of nodular malignant melanoma (level V of Clark's classification) with homogeneously staining regions (HSR) on the long arm of one chromosome #2 is described. Ultrastructural observation of melanosomic and promelanosomic granules near Golgi's vesicles confirmed the histologic diagnosis. Chromosome analysis was performed on nine metaphases from a bone marrow sample and 76 metaphases from culture of the malignant skin tumor. G-banding revealed the presence of a clone with trisomy #8 and another cell line with the HSR marker. This is the first report of HSR in human melanoma cells. As HSR has been found only in malignant cells, we believe that among the many factors that influence the patients' clinical evolution and poor response to treatment, the genic imbalance is of the utmost importance. PMID- 6690024 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of 62 transitional cell bladder carcinomas. AB - Chromosome analysis of biopsy material obtained after vinblastine pretreatment was carried out in 108 specimens from 89 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Analyzable metaphases were obtained in 62 tumors, but only in nine tumors could karyotypes be analyzed by banding; a conventional technique was used in all others. Ploidy and occurrence of markers corresponded with tumor morphology and invasion and sometimes aided in the clinical evaluation; chromosome anomalies specific for bladder cancer were not revealed. In noninvasive tumors of WHO grade 1 and 2, near-diploid karyotypes with occasional marker chromosomes dominated. Grade 3 tumors showed a variety of grossly aneuploid karyotypes, with an almost constant occurrence of different markers. Superficially invasive G2 tumors had moderately pronounced aberrations with more deviations than non-invasive tumors but without the great variety of G3 tumors. PMID- 6690025 TI - Partial duplication of 1q in a malignant lymphoma. AB - A case of malignant lymphoma with a partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome #1, as well as 14q+ and 11q+ marker chromosomes, is presented. The coincidence of this duplicated segment of chromosome #1 with others described in the literature supports the idea that this specific chromosome segment may be related to the malignant process. PMID- 6690026 TI - Cytogenetic studies in ovarian cancer. AB - Cytogenetic studies of ovarian cancer have been conducted in the Medicine Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health for 5 years. A total of 72 patients were studied by direct preparation and/or 1- to 3-day short-term culture of ascites (86 samples), pleural fluid (4 samples), and tumor (2 samples). Repeat examinations (1-24 months later) were performed in 7 of the 72 patients. Forty four patients (62%) were successfully analyzed with banding techniques: 6 patients had adenocarcinoma, 7 had serous adenocarcinoma, 13 had serous papillary adenocarcinoma, 7 had serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma, 2 had mucinous adenocarcinoma, 6 had undifferentiated or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, 1 had clear cell adenocarcinoma, and 2 were not classified. Of these 44 patients, 29 had received prior chemotherapy, 14 were untreated, and in 1 patient the treatment status was unknown. Aneuploidy was observed in all patients and there was considerable variation in the chromosome numbers (even within single samples), often ranging from diploidy to triploidy to tetraploidy. All 44 patients had numerical abnormalities and 39 had structural abnormalities. The chromosomes most frequently involved in structural abnormalities (in decreasing order according to the number of patients involved) were #1, #3, #2, #4, #9, #10, #15, #19, #6, and #11; the least involved chromosomes were #21 and #5. Clone formation and the number of chromosomes involved in structural abnormalities increased with duration of disease and were more extensive in patients treated with chemotherapy than in patients treated with surgery alone. Our data did not show a deletion of chromosome #6 (6q-) to be specific for ovarian cancer. PMID- 6690027 TI - Quercetin, an inhibitor of lactate transport and a hyperthermic sensitizer of HeLa cells. AB - Since cancer cells produce large amounts of lactate via aerobic glycolysis and since an acidic pH has been shown to selectively enhance the cytotoxic effects of hyperthermia, we are examining the influence of cell exposure to drugs which inhibit lactate transport and lower intracellular pH upon cytotoxic effects of hyperthermia. Quercetin, a bioflavonoid that produces lactate transport inhibition, was not cytotoxic up to 4 hr at 37 degrees (0.1 mM). When HeLa cells were exposed to quercetin at 41 and 42 degrees, significant potentiation of hyperthermia-induced cytotoxicity was observed. The magnitude of the potentiation was dependent on the drug concentration, pH of the culture medium, temperature, and duration of treatment. In contrast, treatment of cells with rutin, a structurally related bioflavonoid that lacks the property of lactate transport inhibition, showed no hyperthermic potentiation. PMID- 6690028 TI - Inhibition of stimulated prostaglandin biosynthesis by retinoic acid in smooth muscle cells. AB - Bovine aorta smooth muscle cells (SMC) incubated with a tumor-promoting phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), released increased levels of prostaglandin I2 [measured as its stable hydrolytic product, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha)], and this response was inhibited by all-trans retinoic acid (RA) at concentrations as low as 17 nM. Retinol and retinyl acetate, at concentrations as high as 1.7 and 1.5 microM, respectively, did not inhibit the TPA-stimulated 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production. RA was not cytotoxic at 1.7 microM, as assayed by exclusion of trypan blue dye. Inhibition by RA was increased after preincubation of the SMC with RA prior to TPA stimulation. The inhibition of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by RA was not specific for TPA stimulation; RA inhibited prostaglandin production after SMCs were stimulated by serotonin; melittin; the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187; and fetal calf serum. RA had no effect on phorbol ester binding to SMC, nor did it inhibit increased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production in SMC treated with exogenous AA. While RA inhibited TPA stimulated production of 14C-labeled 6-keto-PGF1 alpha from [14C]AA-labeled cells, it did not inhibit the accumulation of [14C]AA in the culture medium. The data suggest that RA inhibits stimulated, rather than basal, levels of prostaglandin production. RA does not seem to act by inhibiting the deacylation of AA from cellular phospholipid pools, insofar as this is reflected in the accumulation of AA in the media, but may inhibit reactions at, or after, the generation of endoperoxides by cyclooxygenase. PMID- 6690029 TI - Aliphatic chain length specificity of the polyamine transport system in ascites L1210 leukemia cells. AB - A series of diamine homologues of putrescine and triamine homologues of spermidine was used to determine the structural specificity of the polyamine transport system in ascites L1210 leukemia cells by measuring their ability to compete with [3H]-putrescine, [3H]spermidine, or [3H]spermine for uptake. Transport specificity among the diamines (as indicated by K1 constants) was greatest for those having chain lengths similar to that of spermidine and least for those similar to putrescine. Among the triamines, transport specificity was greatest for those having an overall chain length similar to those of spermidine and spermine. The homologue competition profiles were relatively the same for [3H]putrescine, [3H]spermidine, or [3H]spermine, suggesting that all three polyamines utilize the same transport system. This was further substantiated by uptake kinetic plots which showed that the three polyamines were competitive inhibitors of one another. In terms of receptor specificity, the ranking order among the polyamines was as follows: spermine (apparent Km, 1.6 microM) greater than spermidine (apparent Km, 2.2 microM) greater than putrescine (apparent Km, 8.5 microM). This information should prove useful in designing anticancer agents which are intended to utilize this transport system. PMID- 6690030 TI - Properties of immunotoxins against a glycolipid antigen associated with Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - A monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody (38-13) which recognizes Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells, by reacting with the neutral glycolipid Gal alpha 1 leads to 4-Gal beta 1 leads to 4-Glc beta 1 leads to 1-ceramide, was recently characterized. This monoclonal IgM was coupled to either ricin A chain or gelonin. The two different immunotoxins obtained retained the apparent immunological specificity of 38-13 IgM, as shown by flow cytofluorometry analysis and complement-dependent cytotoxicity test. The BL Ramos cells and the apparently irrelevant Epstein-Barr virus-containing lymphoblastoid Priess cells were used as targets in in vitro assays of the cytotoxic properties of the two immunotoxins by measuring the inhibition of protein synthesis. Isolated ricin A chain, gelonin, and 38-13 IgM exhibited very low intrinsic cytotoxicity on both target cells. 38 13 ricin A chain and 38-13 gelonin conjugates exerted toxic effects on both target cells which were about 6000-fold and 3000-fold higher than uncoupled ricin A chain and gelonin, respectively. The toxicity of these conjugates almost reached that of intact ricin. On Ramos BL cells, the kinetics of action of the 38 13 ricin A chain conjugate was almost as fast as that of intact ricin, because 50% protein synthesis inhibition was reached after 3 hr. In contrast, the kinetics of action in the non-BL Priess was much slower (50% protein synthesis inhibition after 10 hr). An obviously irrelevant immunotoxin (anti-trinitrophenol IgM-ricin A chain) had no significant cytotoxic effect on BL Ramos and non-BL Priess cells. An excess of D-galactose was shown previously to inhibit the 38-13 IgM from binding to the reactive glycolipid antigen bearing a terminal galactose. An excess of D-galactose (0.1 M) inhibited the cytotoxic effect of the two 38-13 immunotoxins, whereas it did not prevent the cytotoxic effect of the anti trinitrophenol immunotoxin on the same trinitrophenol labeled target cells. These data suggest that the cytotoxic effect observed with 38-13 immunotoxins on non-BL Priess cells was mediated through their binding to a very low number of antigenic sites undetectable by conventional immunological methods. The main characteristics of 38-13 immunotoxins appear to be their fast kinetics of action and the very low number of antigenic sites required for the expression of their toxic effects. These properties could be related to the glycolipid nature of the reacting antigen. Such glycolipid antigens would represent valuable targets for therapeutic use of immunotoxins. PMID- 6690032 TI - Reversal of acquired resistance to doxorubicin in P388 murine leukemia cells by perhexiline maleate. AB - The effects of perhexiline maleate on growth and drug sensitivity were studied in the P388 murine leukemia cell line and in an anthracycline-resistant subline (P388/ADR). At noninhibitory concentrations, perhexiline maleate markedly increased the sensitivity of P388/ADR cells to doxorubicin but did not have such an effect on anthracycline-sensitive cells. The effects of perhexiline maleate on P388/ADR cells were reversible. Perhexiline maleate also increased the accumulation of another anthracycline, daunorubicin, in P388/ADR cells but did not increase its accumulation in the anthracycline-sensitive cells. Perhexiline maleate did not affect the sensitivity of either cell line to methotrexate or to 6-mercaptopurine. However, its effects on the sensitivity and on drug accumulation of vinblastine, a drug to which P388/ADR cells are cross-resistant, were similar to those observed for the anthracyclines. Although perhexiline maleate has been reported to be a calcium antagonist in other systems, our data do not suggest that this mechanism is involved in its enhancement of the sensitivity of P388/ADR cells to doxorubicin. We suggest instead that this effect might be associated with alterations of cell lipid metabolism induced by perhexiline maleate. PMID- 6690031 TI - Radiomimetic activity of phorbol esters exerted in HeLa cells in comparison with their tumor-promoting capacity. AB - The biological activities exerted in mouse skin by three closely related phorbol esters were compared with the effects of these compounds on HeLa cells. The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate has been shown previously to influence various cell cycle parameters of these cells, thereby mimicking X irradiation [Kinzel, V., Richards, J., and Stohr, M. Science (Wash. D. C.), 210: 429-431, 1980]. Qualitatively similar effects were exerted by the mitogenic and irritant but almost nonpromoting "incomplete" phorbol esters 12-O-tetradeca-2-cis 4-trans-6,8-tetraenoylphorbol-13-acetate and 12-O-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate. Cell cycle parameters were analyzed by measuring thymidine incorporation rates, labeling indices, DNA histograms gained through flow cytometry, and mitotic activity. In every case, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate was more effective than 12-O-tetradeca-2-cis-4-trans-6,8-tetraenoylphorbol-13-acetate or 12-O retinoylphorbol-13-acetate. The analysis of the influence of phorbol esters in G2 phase showed that, in order to reach the effectiveness of 10(-8) M 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, approximately 10 times the concentration of either 12-O-tetradeca-2-cis-4-trans-6,8-tetraenoylphorbol-13-acetate or 12-O retinoylphorbol-13-acetate has to be applied. Therefore, the susceptibility of replicating HeLa cells to these phorbol derivatives reflects the promoting rather than the mitogenic and irritant capacity of these compounds. PMID- 6690033 TI - Pharmacological disposition of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1 nitrosourea in mice. AB - 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea (PCNU; NSC 95466) is a lipid-soluble nitrosourea that is presently in clinical trial. We have studied the pharmacological disposition of [ethyl-14C]PCNU in mice using an i.v. drug dose of 20 mg/kg/animal. Disappearance of total radioactivity from plasma was biphasic with mean half-lives of the two exponential phases of 21.7 min and 27.4 hr, respectively. The plasma half-life of intact drug was 29 min, and levels of intact drug, as measured by thin-layer chromatography, fell below detectable levels by 4 hr. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve for intact drug was 32.72 nmol X hr/ml. Computer analysis of the data for total radioactivity (PCNU equivalents), based upon an open two-compartment model, yielded values of the pharmacokinetic parameters K12, K21, and K10 of 1.49 hr-1, 0.25 hr-1, and 0.19 hr-1, respectively. The highest peak organ level of drug was 168.9 nmol of PCNU equivalents per g tissue in the liver 1 hr after drug administration. Maximum levels in kidney, lungs, heart, and spleen were observed at 5 min, with values of 119.5, 115.4, 80.3, and 66.7 nmol of PCNU equivalents per g of tissue, respectively. A high peak drug level in brain (50.6 nmol/g) agreed with the prediction that PCNU can cross the blood-brain barrier. The levels of intact drug relative to total radioactivity at 30 min were 60% in brain, 55% in heart, and 48% in spleen. The concurrent value in liver was 7% of the total radioactivity, suggesting that metabolism or decomposition of PCNU occurs in this organ. The principal excretory route of [ethyl-14C]PCNU was urinary, with a cumulative excretion of 62% in the first 24 hr. PMID- 6690035 TI - Dose response for DNA alkylation, [3H]thymidine uptake into DNA, and O6 methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity in hepatocytes of rats and mice continuously exposed to dimethylnitrosamine. AB - The objectives of these experiments were to determine N-7-methylguanine (m7Gua) and O6-methylguanine (O6mGua) concentrations in DNA, [3H]thymidine uptake into DNA, and O6mGua-DNA methyltransferase activity in hepatocytes of F-344 rats and C3H and C57BL mice exposed to 0, 10, 30, or 100 ppm dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) ad libitum in their drinking water for 16 days. The 100-ppm DMN exposure regimen was lethal to the C3H mice. Using water consumption and body weight to surface area conversions, these exposures averaged 5, 13, and 27 mg/sq m/day for F-344 rats, 6, 16, and 31 mg/sq m/day for C57BL mice, and 6 and 16 mg/sq m/day for C3H mice. Over a 5-fold range of DMN exposure, m7Gua concentrations in DNA of rat hepatocytes increased 9-fold, while O6mGua concentrations increased only 3-fold. In contrast, while m7Gua increased 4-fold, O6mGua increased 14-fold in both strains of mice. O6mGua-DNA methyltransferase activity in rat hepatocytes was increased to 150% that of control values at the low exposure, and to 200% at the intermediate and high exposures of DMN. Methyltransferase activity in both strains of mice decreased with increasing exposure to DMN, such that C3H hepatocytes had only 59 and 20% as much activity as controls, while C57BL hepatocytes had 68, 38, and 14% as much methyltransferase activity. Relative to controls, the only significant increase in [3H]thymidine uptake into DNA of hepatocytes occurred at 30 ppm DMN in C3H mice. We conclude that under conditions of DMN exposure leading to comparable m7Gua and O6mGua concentrations in DNA, O6mGua-DNA methyltransferase activity is enhanced in F-344 rats, but partially depleted in C57BL and C3H mice. PMID- 6690036 TI - Retinyl palmitate, retinyl phosphate, and dolichyl phosphate of postnuclear membrane fraction from hepatoma, host liver, and regenerating liver: marginal vitamin A status of hepatoma tissue. AB - The retinyl palmitate content of the postnuclear membrane fraction from 10 Morris hepatomas, their host rat livers, one acetylaminofluorene-induced rat liver hepatoma, and the host liver and of regenerating rat liver was measured by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography of the chloroform:methanol extracts. Membranes from the hepatoma tissue contained less than detectable levels of retinyl acyl esters, whereas membranes from host liver tissue and regenerating liver contained levels of retinyl palmitate within normal ranges. The amount of cellular retinol-binding protein was also decreased considerably in cytosols from 9618 and 7777 hepatomas. The ratio of endogenous retinyl phosphate to the polyisoprenoid dolichyl phosphate available for mannosylation in an assay containing postnuclear membranes and guanosine dephospho[14C] mannose was decreased by a factor of 3 to 10 in hepatoma tissue. Such change in ratio was not attributable to specific changes in retinyl phosphate mannose-synthesizing activity, but it appeared to be related to the vitamin A deficiency condition of the membrane from tumors. As for membranes from vitamin A-deficient liver tissue, postnuclear membranes from rat cystic hepatocarcinoma, Morris 7777, 3924A1-1, and 5123D-1-2 transplantable rat hepatomas and guinea pig line 10 hepatoma all synthesized a mannolipid with intermediate hydrophobic properties between retinyl phosphate mannose and dolichyl phosphate mannose and not normally found in liver tissue. These alterations in patterns of lipid intermediates may be responsible for altered glycosylation of glycoproteins in neoplastic cells. In conclusion, the present investigation establishes that hepatoma cell membrane is in a status of vitamin A and of retinyl phosphate depletion, while dolichyl phosphate contents appear similar to host liver membrane. PMID- 6690034 TI - Antitumor effects and pharmacology of orally administered N4-palmitoyl-1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine in mice. AB - The antitumor activity and the pharmacological fate of N4-palmitoyl-1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (N4-palmitoyl-ara-C) administered p.o. were examined in mice and were compared with those of the parent compound 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C). N4-Palmitoyl-ara-C administered p.o. showed chemotherapeutic effects superior to those of ara-C when used against P388 leukemia, L1210 leukemia, mammary adenocarcinoma 755, and colon 38 adenocarcinoma. The derivative also inhibited the spontaneous pulmonary metastasis of s.c.-inoculated Lewis lung carcinoma more efficiently than did ara C. After a single p.o. injection of a suspension of N4-palmitoyl-[2-14C]ara-C at a therapeutic dose of 350 mu/kg, a high concentration of the drug was found in the liver, lung, and plasma of portal venous blood. The level of the drug in other tissues and peripheral plasma was rather low. The two main metabolites, identified as ara-C and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil, were found in plasma and various tissues. Plasma ara-C concentration was maintained for at least 6 hr in the range of 2.3 to 5.1 nmol/ml after p.o. administration of N4-palmitoyl-ara-C (350 mu/kg). On the other hand, when an equimolar amount of ara-C was given, the plasma levels of the drug decreased rapidly; from 2 to 6 hr after administration, the level (1.0 to 4.1 nmol/ml) was less than that obtained with N4-palmitoyl-ara C. These results suggested that N4-palmitoyl-ara-C administered p.o. is absorbed as an intact form from the gastrointestinal tract and that the absorbed compound is the depot form of ara-C, releasing ara-C over a prolonged period of time. PMID- 6690037 TI - Effects of vinblastine and 5-fluorouracil on human glioma and thyroid cancer cell monolayers and spheroids. AB - The effects of the two antitumor drugs vinblastine and 5-fluorouracil on the growth of the human tumor cell lines U-118 MG (glioma) and HTh-7 (thyroid cancer) were analyzed. The cells were cultured both as monolayers and as multicellular spheroids and exposed to vinblastine (0.1, 1.0, or 10 micrograms/ml) or 5 fluorouracil (10, 100, or 1000 micrograms/ml) for 15 min, 2 hr, or 24 hr. The drugs induced growth delays of the monolayers and delays in the outgrowth of cells from spheroids which were placed on cell-adhesive surfaces. Cell cultures exposed to sublethal drug doses showed a dose-dependent lag period followed by regrowth at normal growth rates. In all cases with vinblastine exposures, the spheroids seemed more resistant to the drug treatments than did the monolayer cultures. Much smaller differences were obtained after treatments with 5 fluorouracil. The three-dimensional arrangement of cells in spheroids giving rise to, e.g., nutrient and proliferation gradients may, to some extent, be responsible for the increased resistance. The spheroids were especially resistant to short treatments with vinblastine. This was probably due to penetration barriers. PMID- 6690038 TI - Quantitation of the number of cells within tumor colonies in semisolid medium and their growth as oblate spheroids. AB - The number of cells within tumor colonies has not been determined accurately in prior reports because, in all but small clusters, cells grow too closely and stacked to allow direct counting of cells by inverted microscopy. Therefore, we stained colonies formed in agar from 38 tumor cell samples of diverse histological origin, removed them with a micropipet, and directly counted the number of cells. The number of cells within colonies increased geometrically with colony diameter and inversely with the size of the cells within the colonies. The relationship can be described using linear regression: [In(no. of cells/colony) = 0.87 - 2.80 In (colony cell diameter) + 2.38 In (colony diameter)] which gave an R2 of 0.92. Measurements of colonies in agar showed that they grew as oblate spheroids rather than spheroids. In an average sample, 60-micron-diameter colonies contained eight to 10 cells; the range for the 38 samples was 1.2 to 48.5. These results precisely define colonies in terms of cell number. They allow calculation of the total number of cells formed from clonogenic cells, a more complete estimate of proliferation than conventional cloning efficiencies which only measure initial proliferation. Furthermore, because of the dependence on the size of the colony cells, if colonies are defined only by a specific diameter then they do not contain similar numbers of cells. Calculations which assume spherical colonies, rather than the oblate spheroid shape we found, greatly overestimate the number of cells within colonies. Our data can increase the accuracy of quantitation in the clonogenic system and thus improve the interpretation of the proliferation of clonogenic tumor cells. PMID- 6690039 TI - Possible mechanistic roles of anatomical and functional vascular changes in rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. AB - Anatomical and functional vascular changes during rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis were studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts, transmission electron microscopy of bladder capillaries, and fractional distributions of 51Cr-erythrocytes, 125I-human serum albumin, and 86RbCl which were used to determine vascular volume, permeability, and perfusion. Histopathological changes and focal capillary changes in vascular casts were measured quantitatively by an image analyzer. Male Wistar rats received 0.05% N butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) in their drinking water for 8 weeks and were then maintained on tap water without BBN for an additional 32 weeks. Simple hyperplasia was first seen at Week 2. The percentage of the area of hyperplastic epithelium increased to about 95% by Week 8 and then decreased to 4 to 6% at Weeks 20 or 40. Papillary or nodular hyperplasia was first seen at Week 6. The percentage of the area of papillary or nodular hyperplasia increased with time to 31.0% at Week 40. Papillary transitional-cell carcinomas were found from Week 20, increasing with time, and their incidence was 100% after Week 35. Vascular cast diameters of normal-looking capillaries were larger during than after BBN treatment. Type 3 vascular proliferations were found beneath papillary or nodular hyperplasia and cancer. Capillaries beneath simple hyperplasia and type 3 capillaries beneath capillary or nodular hyperplasia and cancers were fenestrated and dilated. Changes in vascular volume were independent of changes in permeability and perfusion. Best-fit curve analyses showed the maximum vascular volume at 8 weeks and minimum at 25 weeks, and the permeability maxima at 4 and 25 weeks with minima at 15 and 32 weeks. While 86Rb values correlated 125I values (r = 0.58), they were unstable in intermediate time periods. Changes of vascular volume were coincident initially with increased areas of dilated capillaries beneath simple hyperplasia and later with areas of type 3 capillary proliferation beneath papillary or nodular hyperplasia and cancer. Changes of vascular permeability were related to inflammation indices throughout the study. Increases in permeability were coincident with fenestrated capillaries beneath simple hyperplasia in early stages, and subsequently with fenestrated type 3 capillaries beneath papillary or nodular hyperplasia and cancer. BBN appears to cause alterations in vascular volume via induction of capillary dilation and also possibly by enhancing the responsiveness of host endothelium to angiogenic stimulation from neoplastic or preneoplastic tissues. PMID- 6690041 TI - Interaction of malignant cells with salt-extracted cartilage in vitro. AB - A salt-extractable low-molecular-weight fraction has been held responsible for the resistance of cartilage to invasion by malignant cells. To test this hypothesis, we have confronted in vitro fragments from bovine articular cartilage, from bovine nasal septum, from chick embryonic tibia, or from human knee meniscus with cells from the following malignant lines: LICR-HN-4 human squamous cell carcinoma; B16BL6 mouse melanoma; Hu-456 human transitional cell carcinoma; TE-85 and SAOS-2 human osteosarcoma; and MO4 mouse fibrosarcoma. Human embryo lung cells and chick embryonic heart cells were used as nonmalignant counterparts. Confronting cultures using living cartilage and cartilage extracted with 3 M guanidinium hydrochloride were examined light microscopically and ultrastructurally after 1 to 14 days. Neither invasion of malignant cells into the matrix of living or salt-extracted cartilage nor breakdown of collagen was observed in these cultures. In contrast, both malignant and nonmalignant cells occupied preexisting spaces in the matrix, namely, cut chondrocyte lacunae, cartilage canals, and fibrillation clefts. We concluded from these experiments that salt extraction did not alter the resistance of cartilage to invasion by malignant cells in vitro. This conclusion does not support the opinion that salt extractable factors are solely responsible for the resistance of cartilage. PMID- 6690040 TI - Histological evaluation of in vitro responses of endometrial adenocarcinoma to progestins and their relation to progesterone receptor levels. AB - In vitro responsiveness of endometrial adenocarcinoma to progestins was evaluated histologically by incubation of tissue fragments in medium containing 10(-6) M medroxyprogesterone acetate. In a series of 19 experiments, formation of sub- and supranuclear vacuoles, which reflects accumulation of glycogen in response to medroxyprogesterone acetate added to the medium, was observed in well-preserved glandular epithelial cells only when the level of cytosolic progesterone receptor was above 300 fmol/mg protein. Previously, we have reported similar results obtained in in vivo experiments. The present findings suggest that simple organ culture and histological procedures can be used to identify specimens of endometrial cancer that have functional progesterone receptors and are capable of responding to progestins. They also indicate that levels of progesterone receptor required to obtain responses to progestins are considerably higher than those necessary for analytical detection and that therefore the quantity and not merely the detectability of progesterone receptors must be taken into consideration for the prediction of responses to progestins. In addition, in vitro responses to progestins may indicate the presence in endometrial cancer tissue of functional estrogen receptors and potential responsiveness to antiestrogens, since estrogen stimulation appears to be needed for the synthesis of progesterone receptors. PMID- 6690042 TI - Macrophage activation and generation of tumoricidal activity by liposome associated human C-reactive protein. AB - The effect of human C-reactive protein incorporated into multilamellar vesicles (CRP-MLV) was studied in assays of macrophage function. Peritoneal exudate macrophages from C57BL/6 mice phagocytosed CRP-MLV in vitro more rapidly than multilamellar vesicles bearing comparable amounts of immunoglobulin G. Exposure of peritoneal exudate macrophages in vitro to CRP-MLV resulted in development of tumoricidal activity against syngeneic T241 fibrosarcoma and B-16 melanoma cells and against allogeneic Sarcoma 1 cells. Peritoneal exudate macrophages obtained from mice given CRP-MLV i.p. demonstrated antitumor activity against the syngeneic T241 fibrosarcoma in a Winn-type assay, and when challenged in vitro with phorbol myristate acetate, they showed elevated superoxide anion production. Administration of CRP-MLV i.p. did not enhance natural killer activity of spleen cells, however. In superoxide anion assays, CRP-MLV were approximately 10 to 100 times more effective than free C-reactive protein. Results indicate that C reactive protein is capable of activating macrophages, thus supporting the concept of C-reactive protein as an immunomodulator. PMID- 6690043 TI - Isolation of oval cells by centrifugal elutriation and comparison with other cell types purified from normal and preneoplastic livers. AB - Oval cells and biliary epithelial cells were isolated from livers of rats fed a choline-deficient diet containing 0.1% ethionine and from normal rat livers, respectively. Nonparenchymal cell suspensions prepared from these livers by collagenase perfusion followed by digestion of undissociated tissue with 0.1% collagenase, 0.1% Pronase, and 0.004% DNase I were separated into six fractions by centrifugal elutriation. Cells in each fraction were characterized histochemically for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase activities, and for albumin and alpha fetoprotein by immunocytochemical methods. Cells from Fraction 5 of the elutriation procedure had various features predicted for oval cells and were selected for further studies. The cell yield in this fraction, from each preneoplastic liver, was 5.7 X 10(7) cells, 93 +/- 2% of which were gamma glutamyl transpeptidase positive, 6 +/- 1% peroxidase positive, 61% albumin positive, and 29% alpha-fetoprotein positive. Cells in this fraction have a median diameter of 13.1 micron and are diploid and cycling. The majority of these cells has morphological features characteristic of biliary epithelial cells, although some cells display features intermediate between duct cells and hepatocytes. Nucleic acid hybridization using specific probes revealed that these cells contain albumin and alpha-fetoprotein messenger RNAs, while hepatocytes from normal and preneoplastic liver contain only albumin messenger RNA. Biliary cells obtained from normal livers do not contain albumin messenger RNA. The large scale purification and characterization of cell populations from preneoplastic livers is an important step in elucidating the cellular derivation of liver tumors. PMID- 6690044 TI - Isozyme profiles of oval cells, parenchymal cells, and biliary cells isolated by centrifugal elutriation from normal and preneoplastic livers. AB - The fetal liver isozymes aldolase A and pyruvate kinase K increase in livers of adult rats fed a choline deficient-diet containing 0.1% ethionine. Oval cells isolated by centrifugal elutriation from preneoplastic livers of animals receiving the carcinogenic diet contained these fetal forms as well as fetal adult isozyme hybrids. In contrast, parenchymal cells isolated from the livers of these animals had only aldolase B and pyruvate kinase L, the same isozymes present in parenchymal cells of normal adult rats. Liver homogenates from rats receiving the carcinogenic diet contain lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 1, LDH 2, and LDH 3 in addition to LDH 4 and LDH 5, which are the forms detected in normal liver homogenates. LDH 1, LDH 2, and LDH 3 are present in oval cells of preneoplastic livers and in biliary epithelial cells of normal livers, but not in parenchymal cells isolated from normal and preneoplastic livers. Cells of biliary epithelium from normal livers also contain aldolase A and pyruvate kinase K, but not the fetal-adult isozymes present in oval cell populations. The results indicate that, in animals receiving this carcinogenic diet, isozyme alterations associated with neoplasia result from the proliferation of a new cell population which contains these enzymes and not from "dedifferentiation" of mature hepatocytes. Furthermore, the data suggest that this new cell population may include a liver stem cell compartment containing cells in transitional states of differentiation. PMID- 6690045 TI - Development of multicellular spheroids of HeLa cells cocultured with fibroblasts and their response to X-irradiation. AB - HeLa cells cocultured with human diploid fibroblasts developed a more stable and tightly packed spheroid than did HeLa cells alone. Mature spheroids with central necrosis resembled the cord structure of solid tumors in histological appearance and distribution of cells labeled by [3H]thymidine. Electron microscopy showed that HeLa cells in the spheroid are in close contact with each other and have abundant intercellular junctions. The rate of cell loss from spheroid surface, expressed as cells lost per sq mm of spheroid surface per hr, was twice as high for spheroids of HeLa cells alone as for cocultured spheroids. The radiation dose survival curve for cells in small spheroids without central necrosis was characterized by a wide shoulder than that for cells grown in monolayer or that for single-cell suspension from the same batch of the spheroids, but the terminal slope was similar for all survival curves. Development of central necrosis in larger spheroids coincided with a further increase in radioresistance, and the terminal D0 in the survival curve was 3 times that of single-cell suspension from the spheroids of the same batch. The radioresistant tail in the survival curve, however, disappeared when the spheroids were irradiated in medium containing a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, misonidazole. These findings suggest that spheroids of HeLa cells cocultured with fibroblasts simulate the cord structure of solid tumors not only in structure but also in response to radiation. PMID- 6690046 TI - Effect of gossypol on DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression of mammalian cells in vitro. AB - Gossypol, a yellow phenolic compound extracted from cotton plants that is being used as a male antifertility drug, has been found to have cytotoxic effects. The objective of the present study was to determine the cause of these cytotoxic effects in cultured cells and to ascertain whether cells in certain phases of the cell cycle were more sensitive to the drug than were cells in other phases. HeLa or Chinese hamster ovary cells were exposed to various concentrations of gossypol for varying periods of time, and the effects of the drug on the growth rate, cell cycle traverse, plating efficiency, and macromolecular synthesis were measured. The results of this study indicate that gossypol is a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis; it has no effect on RNA and protein synthesis at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml and hence has no effect on the cell cycle traverse of cells from G2 to the beginning of S phase. In the presence of the drug, cells can enter S phase but fail to complete replication. The effects of the drug on growth rate and plating efficiency indicate that there is a threshold concentration at which gossypol becomes effective as a cytotoxic agent. Gossypol did not increase chromosome aberrations in the treated cells. Since gossypol irreversibly blocks cells in S phase, it could be useful as an antitumor drug. PMID- 6690047 TI - Similar specificity of membrane transport for folate analogues and their metabolites by murine and human tumor cells: a clinically directed laboratory study. AB - Mediated transport of folate compounds exhibited similar kinetic characteristics and structural specificity in a series of cultured murine and human tumor cells examined in a parallel fashion. In each case, influx was characterized by a single saturable component with an approach to steady-state conforming to a single exponential, while efflux was first order (poorly saturable). Both mediated fluxes exhibited high temperature dependence (Q10 27-37 degrees = 6 to 8). During competition studies with various analogues, it was found that positions 4, 5, 7, and 10 and the gamma-carboxyl position of the folate molecule were specified for influx in tumor cells from each species. Also, short-chain alkyl substitution at position 10 was specified in the case of N10, but not in the case of C10. None of the modifications at position 10 affected mediated efflux in either cell type. The linkage of additional glutamyl residues at the gamma-carboxyl-position resulted in reduced saturability (increased value for Ki) of influx in both murine and human tumor cells in a manner proportional to the number of glutamyl residues. Mediated influx in human ovarian carcinoma cells obtained from malignant effusions in several patients and in an established cell line derived from one of these patients showed similar kinetics for folate analogue transport and specificity for modification at position 10 of the 4-amino folate molecule. Mediated entry of 10-deazaaminopterin and its 10-ethyl derivative compared to entry of methotrexate was 4- to 11-fold greater in murine tumor cells and 4- to 9-fold greater in human tumor cells in culture or when clinically derived. Mediated efflux was not specified for position 10 on the 4 amino folate structure in any tumor cell type. These findings appear to provide some basis for concluding that the results of studies of this type in model murine systems or with tumor cell lines established in culture have relevance to clinical cancer. PMID- 6690048 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility among primary relatives of children with leukemia or solid tumors. AB - In mice, there is a correlation between genetically regulated levels of inducible aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity and the risk of polycyclic hydrocarbon-induced leukemia or solid tumors. Recent clinical studies suggest a relationship between high AHH activity and lung cancer associated with cigarette smoking (Kouri, R.E., McKinney, C.E., Slomiany, D.J., Snodgrass, D.R., Wray, N.P., and McLemore, T.L. Cancer Res. 42: 5030-5037, 1982). To determine whether there is a similar genetic relationship in humans between inducible AHH and the occurrence of pediatric cancers, we examined AHH activity in mitogen-stimulated benzo(a)anthracene-treated lymphocyte cultures from primary relatives of children with leukemia or solid tumors. Control families (parents and siblings with no history of cancer) comprised friends or neighbors of the proband families. By comparing variance among family members with variance among nonrelated individuals, we conclude that a small, but real, genetic component is detectable. Adjusting for age, smoking history, and the length of time during which the lymphocytes had been cryopreserved, however, we find no difference among 77 leukemia, 71 solid tumor, and 100 control family members with regard to median units (+/- median S.E.) of maximally induced AHH activity per unit of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-cytochrome c reductase activity: 0.31 +/- 0.03; 0.28 +/- 0.03; and 0.28 +/- 0.03, respectively. Thus, benzo(a)anthracene-induced AHH activity in cultured mitogen-activated lymphocytes in our study population does not appear to be associated with the risk of occurrence of childhood leukemia or solid tumors. PMID- 6690049 TI - Colorectal cancer in rural Nebraska. AB - A case-control interview study of colorectal cancer was conducted in two rural counties of eastern Nebraska to determine reasons for the elevated colon cancer mortality rates during 1950 to 1969. Comparison of the information provided by 86 colorectal cancer cases and 176 matched controls (or their next of kin) revealed an increased risk among persons of Czech background, with persons of Bohemian and Moravian extraction predominating in this area. The data suggest an interaction between Bohemian ancestry and certain dietary patterns in the pathogenesis of colon cancer in this region. Colon cancer risk was elevated among commercial beer drinkers regardless of their ethnic background, although Bohemians reported heavier consumption. An excess risk was also associated with intestinal polyps, reported more often by Moravians, and with familial occurrence of gastrointestinal and other cancers. Since 1969, the mortality and incidence rates for colon cancer in this area have declined, possibly as a consequence of acculturation of the American-born descendants of Czech immigrants. PMID- 6690050 TI - Low natural cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in individuals with high familial incidences of cancer. AB - The possible role that natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity may play as a host defense mechanism against malignant tumors was investigated. We measured natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (51Chromium released) in 79 normal individuals using K562 leukemia cells as targets in quadruplicate assays after 3, 4, and 5 hr of incubation using three different effector:target cell ratios (6.2:1, 25:1, and 50:1). Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly lower (p less than 0.005) in each of the nine separate assay conditions for individuals with a high familial incidence of cancer compared to individuals with a low incidence of cancer. Moreover, natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity inversely correlated with the number of family members with cancer. The relationship between high familial cancer incidence and low natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity was observed in males as well as in females and in nonsmokers as well as in smokers. The same conclusion was reached whether the data were expressed as percentage of 51Chromium released, as lytic units per 10(7) mononuclear cells, or as lytic units per ml of peripheral blood. Thus, defects in natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity may play a role in the initial stages of human tumorigenesis. It may also be possible to identify individuals at increased risk of cancer development. PMID- 6690051 TI - Pharmacokinetics of high-dose etoposide (VP-16-213) administered to cancer patients. AB - Plasma urine, and cerebrospinal fluid etoposide concentrations have been measured in 12 adult patients after administration of high-dose (400 to 800 mg/sq m) etoposide in order to determine the pharmacokinetics of this drug at these elevated dosages. Increasing the drug dosage produced proportionally higher peak plasma etoposide concentrations (27 to 114 micrograms/ml) and total areas under the concentration-time curve (9,200 to 48,000 micrograms/ml X min). The etoposide mean (+/- S.D.) terminal half-life of 8.05 +/- 4.3 hr and plasma clearance of 28.0 +/- 9.7 ml/min/sq m, however, were independent of the dosage given. The mean etoposide renal clearance in 5 patients was 10.0 +/- 4.3 ml/min/sq m, representing from 35 to 40% of the total clearance of this drug from plasma. Cerebrospinal fluid etoposide concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 micrograms/ml, as measured in 6 patients at 1 to 8 hr after high-dose etoposide therapy, and were 1.8 +/- 1.7% of the simultaneously measured plasma levels. Pleural fluid removed from one patient at 18 hr posttherapy contained etoposide at 1.8 micrograms/ml. Our data, combined with data published previously, indicate that the pharmacokinetics of high-dose etoposide is linear within the dosage range tested and similar to that seen with lower drug doses. They also suggest that etoposide penetrates poorly into the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 6690052 TI - Flux of amino acids across the leg in weight-losing cancer patients. AB - Flux of amino acids across the leg was measured in malnourished cancer patients and three control groups: (a) malnourished patients without cancer; (b) well nourished but acutely ill patients; and (c) well-nourished controls hospitalized for minor elective surgery. All patients were examined after an overnight fast, and some patients were reexamined 2 weeks later during enteral nutrition by gastric infusion of a formula diet. The efflux of amino acids did not differ qualitatively or quantitatively between malnourished cancer patients and malnourished patients without cancer. Well-nourished patients with acute illness had the greatest release of amino acids after an overnight fast. The leg efflux of amino acids did not correlate with plasma insulin levels in any of the patient groups, either in the fasting or in the fed state. Enteral nutrition decreased the efflux of amino acids from the leg in malnourished patients without cancer, but not in the malnourished cancer group. Enteral nutrition resulted in an increased peripheral uptake of energy precursors as glucose, free fatty acids, and the branched-chain amino acids. This was concomitant with increase in plasma level of triiodothyronine in malnourished patients without cancer. This study demonstrates that malnourished cancer patients do not differ from malnourished patients without cancer or from well-nourished patients after an overnight fast with respect to amino acid efflux from peripheral tissues, and thus shows normal adaptation for protein conservation. The results also suggest that conventional nasogastric tube-feeding was not sufficient alone to support normal replenishment of peripheral tissue in malnourished patients with and without cancer. PMID- 6690053 TI - Prognostic significance of nuclear DNA content in mammary adenocarcinomas in humans. AB - The value of the determination of the DNA content of tumor cells for the assessment of the prognosis of mammary adenocarcinoma was studied in 36 patients, who survived for at least 15 years after the cancer had been found and in another 42 patients who died within a 2-year period of diagnosis. The results show a distinct correlation between the type of the DNA histograms of the carcinoma and the grade of cancer. This correlation was particularly apparent among patients surviving for at least 15 years despite the occurrence of metastases or relapses after primary treatment, i.e., in patients not cured by their first treatment. PMID- 6690054 TI - Influence of cellular DNA content on survival in advanced ovarian cancer. AB - Tumor cellular DNA content was measured by flow cytometry in 91 patients with advanced ovarian cancer, using a new and simple technique which allows archival paraffin-embedded tissue to be studied; 69% of the tumors were aneuploid, and 31% were diploid. Tumor ploidy was shown by multivariate Cox model analysis to be an independent prognostic variable and the major determinant of survival. Patients with diploid tumors survived significantly longer than did those with aneuploid tumors (p much less than 0.0001; X2 = 25.44; d.f. = 1). PMID- 6690055 TI - Absence of the cancer-associated factor with a molecular weight of 60,000 from the plasma of patients with a spectrum of nonneoplastic conditions. AB - We demonstrated previously (Cancer Res., 42: 4964-4969, 1982) that a tumor associated factor was consistently present in the plasma of over 100 human cancer patients with tumors at 31 different sites. The plasma of healthy controls had very low activity in the biochemical assay. In the present study, we show by a combination of molecular sieving and assay of nuclear RNA transport that the tumor-associated factor, which has a molecular weight of 60,000, is undetectable in the plasma of healthy adults. The low activity reported earlier is due to three normal cell factors of markedly different molecular weight. Furthermore, the tumor factor is shown to be absent from the plasma of male and female patients hospitalized for a variety of nonmalignant surgical conditions. Only the plasma from patients who were pregnant, suffered from chronic renal failure, or had recent myocardial infarction gave false positives in the biochemical assay. However, in these cases, the activity was due to an increase in the normal tissue associated factors and not to the appearance of the Mr 60,000 tumor-associated factor. The factor is present in amniotic fluid, confirming that it is a fetal factor which does not cross the placental barrier. Thus, it may be classified as an oncofetal factor. All four factors found in the plasma were identified in the cytosol from a human tumor. In summary, the tumor-associated factor appears to be tumor specific and can be unambiguously identified by bioassay of the plasma factors eluting from Sepharose CL-6 B columns in the Mr 60,000 region. It can also be identified by examination of sodium dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms of the appropriate Sepharose CL-6 B fractions after removal of albumin. PMID- 6690056 TI - Stabilization of labile glucocorticoid-receptor complexes from acute nonlymphocytic leukemia cells by a factor from chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. AB - Glucocorticoid-receptor complexes in cytoplasm from normal lymphoid and leukemia cells incubated with glucocorticoid can be resolved into three different components, activated, nonactivated, and mero-receptor complexes, in relative amounts, dependent on the conditions to which the cells or cytosols are exposed. Recently, we reported that cytosols of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) cells contained high levels of mero-receptor complexes relative to those of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or normal lymphoid cells. In the present study, we examined the cause for the lability of cytosolic complexes of ANLL cells. Mero receptor accumulated rapidly in ANLL cytosols in a time-dependent fashion. The accumulation was most rapid in cytosols which contained activated receptor complexes, but it also occurred in cytosols containing only nonactivated receptor forms. Molybdate (20 mM) slowed but did not prevent the conversion to mero receptor. Cytosols of ANLL specimens of the M4 French-American-British class (with monocytoid differentiation properties), in general, contained more stable complexes than did specimens of the M1 to M3 French-American-British classes (primarily myelocytic differentiation) suggesting that lability may in part be related to the state or direction of differentiation of the leukemic cells. In keeping with this hypothesis, cytosols of polymorphonuclear cells isolated from normal blood were much more labile than were those of monocytes. Mixing experiments with ANLL and CLL cells showed that the lability of ANLL complexes is not due simply to a higher content of proteolytic enzymes in these cells, because addition of ANLL cells or cytosols to CLL specimens did not result in increased mero-receptor. To the contrary, addition of CLL cells to ANLL specimens greatly stabilized the cytosolic complexes. These findings indicate the presence of an endogenous factor, present in CLL but lacking in ANLL cells, which is capable of stabilizing cytosolic complexes. PMID- 6690058 TI - Importance of minimum tumor temperature in determining early and long-term responses of spontaneous canine and feline tumors to heat and radiation. AB - A total of 130 dogs and cats with squamous cell carcinomas, melanomas, fibrosarcomas, mammary adenocarcinomas, or mast cell sarcomas were randomized to receive radiation (XRT) or heat plus XRT. Time-temperature data for each monitored tumor location were converted to degree-minutes or equivalent min at 43 degrees (Eq43). Response rates and durations of response were compared for subgroups of histology, volume, site, and heat treatment method. Thermal gradients existed in all heated tumors. The influence of these gradients on tumor response was examined by correlation of response with degree-minutes and Eq43 minima, maxima, averages, and ranges. A pattern emerged from these analyses linking dose minima, maxima, and ranges with prognostic subgroups as classified by volume, site, or treatment method. The data indicated that the coolest part of the tumor governed the biological response to combined heat + XRT. Tumors which received a minimum of 35 Eq43 had significantly longer durations of response than did those receiving XRT alone or less than 3 Eq43 (p less than or equal to 0.006 and 0.014, respectively; log-rank test). Furthermore, broad temperature ranges were associated with power-limiting "hot spots" and invariably led to underheating in other areas of tumor. Multivariate analysis found minimum Eq43 on the first treatment to be the best predictor of long-term response (p less than 0.05). Other biological covariates of site, volume, and histology contributed strength to the model, which was independent of Eq43 (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6690057 TI - Comparison of histochemical and biochemical assays for estrogen receptor in human breast cancer cell lines. AB - Two human breast cancer lines, MCF-7 and T47D cells, were investigated for the presence of estrogen receptor (ER) by biochemical and histochemical techniques. Using the dextran-coated charcoal technique and isoelectric focusing, MCF-7 cells were ER positive, and T47D cells were ER negative. Fluorescein conjugates to 17 beta-estradiol by the sixth carbon (17 beta-estradiol-6-carboxymethyloxime:bovine serum albumin: fluorescein isothiocyanate and 17 beta-estradiol-6 iminooxyacetylfluoresceinamine) and by the 17th carbon [N-fluoresceino-N'-[17 beta-(estradiol hemisuccinamide)ethyl]thiourea, 17-FE] were prepared for cytochemical evaluation of the ER status of the two cell lines. The binding affinity of the estradiol conjugates for ER varied, the 17-FE conjugate having the highest affinity of 0.08 relative to 17 beta-estradiol. Following incubation with 10 nM 17-FE, both MCF-7 and T47D cells displayed cytoplasmic and nuclear fluorescent staining. Isoelectric focusing of MCF-7 cytosol incubated in the presence of 10 nM 17-FE revealed binding of the fluorescein conjugate to a protein species which did not bind 17 beta-[3H]-estradiol. Isoelectric focusing of T47D cytosol revealed binding of 17-FE to two protein components, neither one of which showed specific binding of 17 beta-[3H]estradiol. The results suggest different protein binding species for fluoresceinated estradiol conjugates and [3H]estradiol and help to explain reported differences in histochemical and biochemical ER analyses. PMID- 6690059 TI - Secretion of erythropoietin-like activity by clones of human renal carcinoma cell line GKA. AB - Human renal carcinoma cell line GKA was derived from a patient with the paraneoplastic syndrome of erythrocytosis and secretes erythropoietin-like activity into its growth medium (Sytkowski, A. J., Richie, J. P., and Bicknell, K. A. Cancer Res., 43: 1415-1419, 1983). In order to derive homogeneous sublines with higher secretory rates, we cloned line GKA. Over 100 clones were generated, and 21 secreted erythropoietin-like activity, up to 6-fold higher than the uncloned line. This activity stimulated the growth and differentiation of CFU-E derived colonies in plasma clot culture. However, the secreted erythropoietin like activity did not cross-react in a sensitive radioimmunoassay utilizing highly purified 125I-labeled human urinary erythropoietin and heterologous anti human urinary erythropoietin antiserum. These results suggest that line GKA secretes an erythropoietic stimulating factor distinct from the hormone erythropoietin. PMID- 6690060 TI - Comparison of virus reactivation, DNA base damage, and cell cycle effects in autologous human melanoma cells resistant to methylating agents. AB - A human melanoma cell line (MM253c1-3D) having an induced stable resistance to the methylating agents 5-(3'-methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide, methylnitrosourea, and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine gave more efficient replication of 5-(3'-methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide-treated adenovirus 5 than did the methylation-sensitive parent line (MM253c1). Analysis of DNA hydrolysates from melanoma cells treated with [3H]methylnitrosourea for 1.6 hr showed similar initial levels of 7-methylguanine and 3-methyladenine in both cell lines and substantial excision of the latter lesion after 19 hr. O6-Methylguanine in the DNA of MM253c1 cells also decreased during this period, but in MM253c1-3D cells the initial yield of this lesion was too low for subsequent decrease to be detected. 5-(3'-Methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide induced a significant arrest of MM253c1 cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. These results show that MM253c1 is a variant of the Mer- phenotype, the resistance of MM253c1-3D cells being attributed to reversion to Mer+ and expressed as very rapid repair of O6-methylguanine lesions. PMID- 6690061 TI - Effects of inhibitors of DNA strand break repair on HeLa cell radiosensitivity. AB - The effects of three drugs (hydroxyurea, 1-beta-arabinofuranosylcytosine, and diamide) known to inhibit DNA synthesis on the repair of ionizing radiation induced DNA single-strand breaks measured by alkaline elution and on cellular radiosensitivity were examined. Inhibition of repair was observed at 10(-2) M hydroxyurea, 10(-4) M 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, and 5 X 10(-5) M diamide, levels causing only 10% cell kill. While the mechanisms by which the drugs inhibit DNA synthesis differ, they are equally effective at inhibiting repair; without drug, cells, after a dose of 10 grays, repair 35% of DNA strand breaks in 3 min and a further 35% in 1 hr; with drug, only 10% is repaired in 3 min, and the deficiency in repair amount remains, even after 60 min. The effect of similar drug treatment on radiation-induced cell killing shows that radiosensitivity is increased; the major effect is reduction in D0 from 1.3 grays to approximately 0.8 grays with smaller effects on Dq. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that radiation produces potential double-strand breaks in DNA which, if not rapidly repaired, are converted into lethal actual double-strand breaks. PMID- 6690062 TI - Antimetastatic action and hematological toxicity of p-(3,3-dimethyl-1 triazeno)benzoic acid potassium salt and 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4 carboxamide used as prophylactic adjuvants to surgical tumor removal in mice bearing B16 melanoma. AB - The treatment of mice bearing i.m. B16 melanoma with equitoxic dosages of the clinically used 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) and of its benzenoid water-soluble analogue p-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)benzoic acid potassium salt (DM-COOK) prior to surgical tumor removal results in a remarkable proportion of cures, even when the treatment is started on already palpable tumors for which surgery alone is ineffective. The survival time of mice which are not cured is also significantly increased with DM-COOK. At the same time, DM COOK does not affect artificial metastases or spontaneous metastases in mice undergoing surgery and treated with DM-COOK postoperatively. Inhibition of i.m. tumor growth in surgical experiments, and of s.c. tumors in mice not treated with surgery, is significant, although not as pronounced as is necessary to obtain significant prolongation of the life span of the host; the survival time of mice with s.c. tumors treated with both drugs is indeed not significantly increased. DM-COOK thus appears to exert selective antimetastatic effects, unrelated to cytotoxicity for tumor cells, against B16 melanoma in addition to those reported for Lewis lung carcinoma and M5 ovarian reticular cell sarcoma; its therapeutic usefulness is evidenced in adjuvant surgical experiments. DM-COOK, unlike DTIC, is devoid of hematological toxicity for the host. Since, in leukemic mice, it is at least as active as DTIC in increasing the life span of the treated animals, it appears to be an advantageous substitute for DTIC that could undergo preliminary clinical trial. PMID- 6690063 TI - Distinction by concanavalin A agglutination between ulceration and repair of rat bladder epithelium induced by freezing or cyclophosphamide and the effect of sodium saccharin. AB - Agglutination of rat urinary bladder epithelial cells by concanavalin A (Con A) has been reported to be an early marker of bladder carcinogenesis. Ulceration of the bladder, induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) or freezing, followed by sodium saccharin in the diet results in the induction of bladder cancer. In the present studies, the agglutination of rat urinary bladder epithelial cells by Con A was shown to be increased during the regenerative hyperplasia following ulceration induced by i.p. CP injection, but it returned to normal levels by Day 21 when the preparative process was nearly complete. This effect correlated quantitatively with the dose of CP. However, if CP administration was followed by sodium saccharin in the diet beginning 14 days after the injection, the agglutinability of bladder cells by Con A persisted. In contrast, agglutination of bladder cells by Con A during regenerative hyperplasia following ulceration induced by freezing was not increased whether sodium saccharin was fed or not. These results indicate that Con A agglutination distinguishes between the regenerative hyperplasia induced by CP or freezing, even though either method followed by sodium saccharin in the diet results in bladder cancer in the rat. PMID- 6690064 TI - Cell cycle-specific effects of tumor necrosis factor. AB - The immediate effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) added to cultures of L-cells is cytostasis, manifested as cell arrest in G2. This effect prevails during the initial 4 hr when the number of G2 cells increases markedly in the absence of any significant cell death in the culture. Shortly thereafter, the cytolytic effect becomes apparent; extensive cell lysis can be detected after 7 hr of exposure to TNF. After 24 hr nearly all cells are lysed. Results of experiments in which the effects of TNF on the kinetics of cell progression through various phases of the cell cycle were studied indicate that in the presence of TNF cells do progress through G2, although with considerable delay, and reach mitosis. Most cells die (undergo lysis) specifically at late stages of mitosis (telophase) or soon after cytokinesis. Sensitivity of cells to the lytic effect of TNF is increased by cell arrest in mitosis with Colcemid or vinblastine. TNF exerts little effect on rates of cell progression through G1 or S phases of the cell cycle, although few cells die during S phase. Nonlysed cells from cultures treated with TNF do not show any changes in nuclear chromatin, suggesting that neither DNA nor nuclear proteins are the primary targets of the TNF. The present data implicate metabolic changes which occur during mitosis (cytokinesis), perhaps associated with synthesis or assembly of cell membrane components, as being responsible for increased cell sensitivity towards the cytolytic effect of TNF. The mechanism of the early cytostatic effect of the factor is unknown. PMID- 6690065 TI - Enhancement of the DNA cross-linking activity of nitrogen mustard by misonidazole and diethyl maleate in a mouse fibrosarcoma tumor in vivo. AB - We have used the technique of alkaline elution to determine the amount of nitrogen mustard (HN2)-induced DNA cross-linking in a murine fibrosarcoma tumor in vivo. Mice were either treated with HN2 directly or were pretreated with misonidazole (MISO) or diethyl maleate prior to injection with HN2. Two types of HN2-induced DNA lesions were detected, namely, proteinase K-sensitive and resistant cross-links. Pretreatment with MISO did not appear to affect the ratio of the two types of lesion. In mice treated with HN2 alone, the amount of cross linking reached a high level by 0.5 hr postinjection, after which these lesions were repaired, 62% of cross-links being removed between 0.5 hr and 6 hr postinjection. Pretreatment of mice with MISO resulted in substantial alterations in both the magnitude and time course of cross-linking during the first few hr after injection of HN2. Both MISO and diethyl maleate enhanced the number of cross-links formed at 0.5 hr postinjection. Furthermore, in MISO-pretreated mice, only 18% of the cross-links present at 0.5 hr had been removed by 6 hr postinjection. This early enhancement is possibly related to glutathione depletion resulting in reduced intracellular inactivation of HN2. Since repair processes were determined not to be saturated at the level of lesions under study, these data suggest that, in addition to the initial glutathione depletion resulting in an increased burden of damage, MISO may also inhibit DNA repair processes, possibly via a hypoxia-dependent interaction between MISO reduction products and DNA or repair enzymes. Assuming that DNA cross-linking is related to the cytotoxicity of HN2, these effects may account for the MISO enhancement of HN2 toxicity toward various biological systems which have been reported previously. It appears that chemosensitization may result from a variety of factors, with the relative importance of each factor depending on the particular drug being used. PMID- 6690066 TI - Mitoxantrone: an active new agent in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. AB - Sixty-five patients with advanced breast carcinoma were treated with mitoxantrone, an anthracenedione with structural similarities to adriamycin. The series included 26 patients who had received no prior chemotherapy. Treatment was given in a dose of 12-14 mg/m2 by IV infusion, repeated every 3 weeks. Sixty-two patients were evaluable for response, but all were evaluable for toxicity. One (2%) achieved a complete response and 18 (29%) a partial response (overall response rate 31%). The response rate in patients who had received no prior chemotherapy was 35%, vs 22% in previously treated patients. The median duration of response was 10 months (range 3.5-18.5 months). Two responders had previously failed to respond to adriamycin, and a third responder subsequently failed to respond to adriamycin. Neutropenia was the most frequently seen toxicity, with a WBC of less than 2,000/mm3 seen in 26 patients (40%), eight of whom (12%) had a neutropenic infection. Thrombocytopenia (less than 100,000/mm3) occurred in 12 patients (18%), but in three of these only after at least 6 months of treatment. Two patients developed readily reversible cardiac failure after prolonged treatment (11-13 months). Other toxicities were in general mild, and the drug was well tolerated: severe alopecia occurred in only one patient. Mitoxantrone is an active well-tolerated agent in the treatment of advanced breast carcinoma, but the risk of neutropenia requires careful supervision. The long-term risk of cardiotoxicity cannot yet be fully assessed. PMID- 6690067 TI - Aminoglutethimide and warfarin. A new important drug interaction. AB - Aminoglutethimide (AG) has recently been introduced for endocrine therapy in patients with advanced breast and endometrial cancer. In this study two patients being treated with both AG and the anticoagulant agent warfarin are described. An important drug interaction was observed, resulting in a decrease in the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. This was shown by means of thrombotest measurements and pharmacokinetic evaluation of warfarin. A 3- to 5-fold increase in warfarin clearance was found. This interaction is probably due to an AG promoted induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes accelerating warfarin metabolism. PMID- 6690068 TI - Animal models for hormone-dependent human breast cancer. Relationship between steroid receptor profiles in canine and feline mammary tumors and survival rate. AB - The present study shows that canine and feline mammary tumors, like human breast tumors, can be polyreceptive, i.e., they can contain estrogen (ER), progestin (PR), androgen, glucocorticoid, and/or mineralocorticoid cytosol receptors. Furthermore, a follow-up of 45 bitches with mammary carcinoma has indicated that the survival rate is significantly higher in animals with receptor-rich (ER and/or PR) tumors. This indicates that these canine mammary tumors should be evaluated further for their suitability as an animal model for hormone-dependent human breast carcinoma. PMID- 6690069 TI - New folate analogs of the 10-deaza-aminopterin series. Basis for structural design and biochemical and pharmacologic properties. AB - Structural modification of the N10 position of 4-amino folates affects mediated membrane transport in mammalian cells but has little or no effect on target enzyme (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibition. Some of these modifications have been associated with differential effects on transport in various cell types in a manner which favored greater accumulation and persistence of drug in responsive tumor cells than in normal proliferative tissue. With the aid of identifying new structures with greater potential for differential mediated accumulation, we have studied three new 10-alkyl analogs of 10-deaza-aminopterin. Two of these analogs showed therapeutic efficacy substantially greater than 10-deaza-aminopterin, an analog with antitumor properties superior to methotrexate. These analogs, the 10 methyl, 10-ethyl, and 10,10-dimethyl derivatives, were equivalent to the parent compound, 10-deaza-aminopterin, and aminopterin, and slightly more potent than methotrexate, as inhibitors of L1210 cell dihydrofolate reductase. The three new analogs, 10-deaza-aminopterin, and aminopterin exhibited similar transport properties in L1210, Ehrlich, and S180 cells. Efflux and influx Vmax were similar to those of methotrexate, but influx Km was 4- to 14-fold lower than for methotrexate. That is, substitution at N10, but not at C10, reduced influx potential in these tumor cells. These differences in transport properties among this group of analogs which determine net accumulation were reflected in the individual values for growth-inhibitory potency. In contrast to that seen in tumor cells, alkylation at both N10 and C10 reduced influx potential (increased Km) in isolated intestinal epithelial cells from mouse small intestine. Influx was in the order aminopterin greater than 10-deaza-aminopterin with further reduction in each series showing a magnitude in proportion to the size of the 10 substituent. Otherwise, influx Vmax and efflux were similar for the group. Accumulation of polyglutamates in small intestine was greater following aminopterin administration than following administration of other analogs (10 ethyl, 10-deaza-aminopterin less than methotrexate less than 10-deaza aminopterin). Polyglutamate accumulation for all the analogs was greater in tumor cells, but accumulation of each varied between the two tumors (L1210 and S180) examined. Differences among the analogs were not as great in L1210 as in S180 cells, and their metabolism was not in the same relative order.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6690071 TI - Pharmacokinetics of vincristine, vinblastine, and vindesine in rhesus monkeys. AB - The pharmacokinetics of vincristine, vindesine, and vinblastine following IV bolus doses of 0.05 mg, 0.10 mg, and 0.20 mg/kg body weight, respectively, were studied in adult male rhesus monkeys. The alkaloid concentrations were determined by a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed by a non linear least-square regression program NONLIN, and the data fit a two-compartment open model. The average terminal half-lives of vincristine, vinblastine, and vindesine in the serum were 189, 152, and 175 min, respectively. The areas under the alkaloid concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity for these drugs for a 1 mg dose were as follows: vincristine, 26,572 nM x min; vinblastine, 16,745 nM x min; and vindesine, 12,708 nM x min. The clearance rate (ml/min/kg) for vincristine (4.8) was slightly lower than that for vinblastine (7.0) or vindesine (7.8). The apparent volumes of distribution for vincristine, vinblastine, and vindesine were, respectively, 1.3, 1.5, and 1.9 l/kg body weight. In the two compartment open model, the transfer rate constant from compartment 2 to compartment 1 (k21) was lower than the other rate constants (k120 and k12) for each of the alkaloids. The total average excretion of the alkaloids over a 4-day period in urine and feces for vincristine, vinblastine, and vindesine were, respectively, 36.7%, 18.2%, and 25.3% of the injected dose. These data indicate avid tissue retention of the Catharanthus alkaloids in this non-human primate. The similarities between these pharmacokinetic parameters and those previously reported for man suggest that the rhesus monkey is an ideal animal model in which to study the pharmacologic properties of these alkaloids. PMID- 6690070 TI - New folate analogs of the 10-deaza-aminopterin series. Further evidence for markedly increased antitumor efficacy compared with methotrexate in ascitic and solid murine tumor models. AB - A group of folate analogs of the 10-deaza-aminopterin series, which were designed on the basis of the results of an intensive biochemical and pharmacokinetic program, have been examined in therapy experiments utilizing a group of murine tumor models. These new analogs were found to be markedly superior to methotrexate against four of five ascites tumors (L1210 leukemia, Sarcoma 180, Ehrlich carcinoma and Tapper carcinosarcoma) and against four of five solid tumors (S180, Tapper carcinosarcoma, E0771 mammary adenocarcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and T241 sarcoma). Analogs alkylated (methyl or ethyl) at the 10 position of 10-deaza-aminopterin were found to be the most effective of the group. These analogs achieved log10 reduction in tumor burden several-fold greater in magnitude than methotrexate against L1210 and S180 ascites tumors and there were also long-term survivors. 10-Deaza-aminopterin itself gave a result intermediate between those obtained with the 10-alkyl derivatives and methotrexate. Against the solid forms of the Tapper tumor some partial regressions were obtained with methotrexate and 10-deaza-aminopterin, but a far greater number, extending over a longer period were obtained with the 10-ethyl derivative of 10-deaza-aminopterin. Against the E0771 tumor, 10-deaza-aminopterin was 2-fold and the ethyl derivative of 10-deaza-aminopterin was greater than 5 fold more effective than methotrexate in retarding tumor growth. Evidence for partial regressions and marked effects against metastatic disease were also obtained in the case of the 10-alkyl derivative. Similar results were also obtained with the T241 sarcoma. For Lewis lung carcinoma the relative potency was about the same but overall antitumor effects were more modest. PMID- 6690073 TI - Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of 5-day continuous infusion of vinblastine. AB - Ten patients with advanced cancer were treated in a phase-I trial with monthly cycles of a 5-day infusion of vinblastine. Serum drug levels were relatively constant after 24 h and there was no correlation between drug level and myelosuppression or toxicity. Previously undescribed toxicities were observed, including one hypersensitivity reaction and three cases of severe, only slowly reversible, sensorimotor neuropathy. Two patients showed objective tumor regression during the vinblastine infusion therapy. PMID- 6690072 TI - Phase-I trial of UltrapureTM human leukocyte interferon in human malignancy. AB - A phase-I trial of UltrapureTM human leukocyte (alpha) interferon was performed, in which 15 patients were treated according to a dose-ranging protocol. Five patients were treated at each of these dosage levels: 2 X 10(6) IU/dose, 9 X 10(6) IU/dose, and 15 X 10(6) IU/dose. Doses were given on days 1-5 and 8-12 of a 28-day study period. Serial NK-cell assays were performed in all patients, and failed to show consistent effects referable to treatment. Serum interferon levels were assayed on one patient at the 9 X 10(6) IU and one patient at the 15 X 10(6) IU dose level. In both cases, a significant interferon titer (greater than or equal to 160) was detected in the serum, and this persisted for as long as 12 h. Fever, malaise, and myalgias were associated with therapy. The dose-limiting toxicity was a dose-related leukopenia, with median white blood cell nadirs of 6,500/mm3 (3 X 10(6) IU/dose), 3,200/mm3 (9 X 10(6) IU/dose), and 1,800/mm3 (15 X 10(6) IU/dose) being produced. One patient died in ventricular fibrillation while suffering chest pain after receiving 5 days of treatment at the 15 X 10(6) IU/dose level. Three patients showed minor responses, insufficient to be called partial responses, in association with interferon therapy. We conclude that dose limiting leukopenia occurs with this schedule of administration of UltrapureTM human leukocyte interferon at 15 X 10(6) IU/dose. PMID- 6690074 TI - Physicochemical characteristics of ferric adriamycin complexes. AB - Ferric ions and adriamycin in solution interact to form complexes that can yield colloidal and flocculant mixtures. At high concentrations (Fe3+ greater than or equal to 10(-4) M, adriamycin greater than or equal to 10(-5) M) an absorption appears at 600 nm, indicating colloid formation, which is directly responsive to concentrations of the reactants. Evidence from dilution experiments by spectral analysis, ultracentrifugation, titration, and filtration indicate that phase transition that is sensitive to pH and time occurs with iron-adriamycin complexes to yield flocculated drug. We conclude that patients and animals treated with the iron-adriamycin preparations known as 'quelamycin' received flocculated iron adriamycin, which accounts for the toxic and pharmacologic effects reported. It may be useful to utilize colloidal preparations of reactive or irritating drugs to avert acute toxic effects and to produce slower release of active drug. PMID- 6690075 TI - Mitoxantrone metabolism in the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - The hepatobiliary pharmacokinetics of mitoxantrone, a new anthracenedione derivative, was studied in the isolated perfused rat liver. Mitoxantrone was administered in doses of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg body weight. Multiple bile samples were obtained for 4 hours. Mitoxantrone and three metabolites were separated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and measured at 610 nm. Following 0.2 mg mitoxantrone/kg body wt, 25.8% +/- 2.6% of the administered dose was excreted in the bile during 4 h, the major metabolite M1 accounting for 80% of this. After 0.4 mg mitoxantrone/kg body wt the amounts excreted were lower and light microscopic examination showed disseminated areas of cell necrosis. PMID- 6690076 TI - Do cells of continually renewing populations and those stimulated from quiescence respond similarly to HU and Ara-C? AB - The cytocidal and cytostatic effects of a single dose of either hydroxyurea (HU) or cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) have been studied in a variety of tissues, from both rats and mice, by autoradiographic and histological methods. The necrogenic effects of the drugs on DNA-synthesising cells from continually renewing populations have been compared with the effects on cells induced to enter DNA synthesis from a formerly quiescent state. Four models of stimulated proliferation have been studied; the isoprenaline-stimulated salivary glands, the testosterone-stimulated seminal vesicle in the castrate, the regenerating liver after two-thirds partial hepatectomy, and a model of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatocyte proliferation. The time course of the cytokinetic response in each tissue was followed for a period of 24 h after drug treatment. The cytostatic effects of the drugs were similar in all tissues investigated, DNA synthesis being inhibited for a 4- to 5-h period. However, the sensitivity to the lethal effects showed both tissue and species variability. PMID- 6690077 TI - Uptake, metabolism, and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in human Ewing's sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cells. AB - Uptake, metabolism, and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) in human Ewing's sarcoma (ES) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RS) cells were examined. Cellular uptake of DOX was determined by liquid scintillation spectrometry, and intracellular metabolism was examined by high performance liquid chromatography. The cytotoxicity of DOX was assessed by two different methods: an extracellular matrix detachment assay (ECM-D) and 3H-thymidine incorporation. The uptake of DOX by ES cells was 1.5-3.0 times greater than RS cells, even though both cell types achieved intracellular steady-state though both cell types achieved intracellular steady-state concentrations between 6-8 h. No significant intracellular metabolism ( less than 5%) was seen after 8-h incubations with the drug. The cytotoxic effects of DOX in both cell lines were concentration-dependent, with the RS cells being more sensitive. Measurement of 14C-DOX appears to be a reliable method for quantitating intracellular DOX. In addition, the ECM-D and 3H thymidine assays used for assessing cytotoxicity produced similar results, showing that the ECM-D can be reliable and easily performed test of cell death. PMID- 6690078 TI - Phase II study of VP 16-213 (etoposide) in metastatic transitional cell urothelial cancer. AB - Fifteen patients with measurable metastatic transitional cell bladder cancer were treated with VP 16-213 100 mg/m2 IV daily for 4 days, repeated every 3 weeks. There were no complete or partial (greater than 50% reduction in area, maintained for 6 weeks) responses. Two patients showed transient reduction by 50% in the area of measurable lesions, and a further five patients showed brief stabilisation of previously progressive disease. The treatment was well tolerated. In two patients, total WBC at the nadir fell below 1.0 X 10(9)/l but without complications from infection. We conclude that VP 16-213 is inactive in metastatic transitional cell urothelial cancer. PMID- 6690079 TI - Chemical carcinogenesis: a current biological perspective. PMID- 6690080 TI - Differences in mediated mutagenesis and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism in mammary cells from pregnant and virgin rats. AB - The physiological state of pregnancy confers significant resistance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-induced mammary tumorigenesis. We have tested the abilities of primary mammary cells from pregnant and virgin rats cultured on collagen-coated plates to metabolize PAHs and convert these carcinogens to mutagenic derivatives. Using a cell-mediated mutagenesis assay, we found that mammary epithelial cells from pregnant rats produced half the levels of mutagenic 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) metabolites formed by cells from virgin rats. Pregnant-derived mammary cells also showed consistently lower levels of metabolism of DMBA and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) than cells from virgin rats. H.p.l.c. analysis of B[a]P metabolism by these cell populations indicated no significant qualitative differences in the extracellular and intracellular metabolites formed. We have previously shown that mammary cells from rat strains exhibiting significant differences in susceptibility to PAH-induced tumors have equivalent qualitative and quantitative abilities to metabolize PAH carcinogens. Our current data suggest that modifications in mammary tumor susceptibility found in various physiological states, unlike genetically determined differences, may be related in part to an altered ability to activate chemical carcinogens within the mammary gland.